Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wave Energy Disbalance as Generator of Extreme Wave Occurrence in Semi-Enclosed Coastal Waters (Example of Rijeka Bay—Croatia)

The conditions for the occurrence of high waves in front of the Rijeka port in the Rijeka Bay were analyzed. The analysis was carried out on the basis of measured data on the wave rider station located in front of the main breakwater of the port of Rijeka and the results of numerical wave generation modelings for the wider sea area on the spatial scale of the Adriatic basin. The results of the conducted analysis show that the sudden transition in wind direction from the third to the second quadrant (and vice versa), with the simultaneous rapid increase in wind speed, creates the conditions for generating the largest waves in front of the port of Rijeka. The main reason for achieving the highest wave height in these conditions is the unbalanced wind power input with non-developed surface dissipation (white-capping) and quadruplet wave interaction. Situations with a slower increase in wind speed and approximately constant wind direction resulted in the occurrence of smaller wave heights. The direct application of anemometric data for the forcing wind field in the Adriatic basin within the wave generation model results in a more accurate simulation of wave height and wave period development than application of the wind field from the prediction atmospheric model Aladin-Hr. This is due to the fact that the site is located in a semi-enclosed sea area of restricted fetch, and the spatial/temporal resolution of atmospheric data (2 km and 3 h) is not sufficient to resolve the rapid transition in the wind field. In the case of direct application of anemometric data, the white-capping parameterization should be of a non-stationary character.
Evaluation of urban heat island mitigation strategies for the Kansas City region

We evaluate two mitigation strategies for urban heat island in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area (KCMA). Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we assess the potential benefits of highly reflective cool roofs and urban irrigation on urban air temperature in typical summer conditions between 2011 and 2015, and also during six of the strongest historical heat wave events over the past 12 years (2005 – 2016). Under the typical summer conditions, we simulate near-surface (2-m) air temperature for 10 summer weeks, finding average daytime (07:00 – 19:00 local standard time) temperature reductions of 0.08 and 0.28 °C for cool roofs and urban irrigation, respectively. During the six heat-wave episodes, we also find similar daytime temperature reductions of 0.02 and 0.26 °C for the two scenarios compared to those of the typical summer conditions. Our results suggest that urban irrigation can be more efficient than cool roofs in mitigating the urban heat island in metropolitan regions where the majority of the urban land cover is comprised of areas with low urban (i.e., non-vegetated) fractions. Finally, we find the alteration of land surface conditions due to enhanced roof albedos impacts local meteorology and precipitation patterns within the WRF simulation, in particular during the heat wave periods. Further research would be necessary to determine the robustness of this last finding.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Does Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Represent the Ischemic Core? An Evidence-Based Systematic Review

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensity is hypothesized to represent irreversibly infracted tissue (ischemic core) in the setting of acute stroke. Measurement of the ischemic core has implications for both prognosis and therapy. We wished to assess the level of evidence in the literature supporting this hypothesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature relating to tissue outcomes of DWI hyperintense stroke lesions in humans. The methodologic rigor of studies was evaluated by using criteria set out by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Data from individual studies were also analyzed to determine the prevalence of patients demonstrating lesion progression, no change, or lesion regression compared with follow-up imaging. RESULTS: Limited numbers of highly methodologically rigorous studies (Oxford levels 1 and 2) were available. There was great variability in observed rates of DWI lesion reversal (0%–83%), with a surprisingly high mean rate of DWI lesion reversal (24% of pooled patients). Many studies did not include sufficient data to determine the precise prevalence of DWI lesion growth or reversal. CONCLUSIONS: The available tissue-outcome evidence supporting the hypothesis that DWI is a surrogate marker for ischemic core in humans is troublingly inconsistent and merits an overall grade D based on the criteria set out by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.
Sound Over-Approximation of Probabilities

Safety analysis of high confidence systems requires guaranteed bounds on the probability of events of interest. Establishing the correctness of algorithms that compute such bounds is challenging. We address this problem in three steps. First, we use monadic transition systems (MTS) in the category of sets as a general framework for modeling discrete time systems. MTS can capture different types of system behaviors, but here we focus on a combination of non-deterministic and probabilistic behaviors that arises often when modeling complex systems. Second, we use the category of posets and monotonic maps as general setting to define and compare approximations. In particular, for the MTS of interest, we consider approximations of their configurations based on complete lattices of interval probabilities. Third, we obtain an algorithm that computes over-approximations of system configurations after a finite number of steps, by restricting to finite lattices.
Acelerando requisições de prováveis cache misses com requisições em paralelo cache/DRAM

O uso de hierarquias de memória cache multi-níveis apresentam resultados interessantes quanto a exploração da localidade temporal e espacial no decorrer da execução de um programa. Ao manterem o conjunto de dados mais frequentemente acessados ou os prováveis dados a serem acessados próximos ao processador, as memórias cache proveem um acesso mais rápido ao dados, quando comparado ao acesso a memória principal. Entretanto, para programas com baixa localidade espacial e temporal, a hierarquia de memórias cache pode apresentar-se como uma barreira para a busca de dados na memória principal. Ou seja, para programas que não tiram proveito das memórias cache, essas acabam por adicionar um overhead no acesso aos dados, pois a busca de dados é feita inicialmente na hierarquia de cache antes de ser encaminhada para a memória principal. Por outro lado, os fabricantes de processadores evitam o envio paralelo de requisições de dados para a memória cache e a memória principal, a fim de evitar inundação de falsas requisições no controlador de memória. Com essa perspectiva, nesse artigo nós apresentamos o uso de um preditor simplificado de faltas de dados no LLC que, ao prever se uma requisição acabará por ser um LLC miss, induz o processador a efetuar uma requisição diretamente a memória principal, em paralelo a tradicional busca de dados percorrendo toda a hierarquia de cache. Em nossas simulações, o encaminhamento de requisições diretamente a memória principal, com base em nosso mecanismo apresentou um ganho de desempenho de até 40% quando single-core e até 14% quando multi-core.
What is the Potential for a Climate, Forest and Community Friendly REDD+ in Paris?

In this Briefing Paper, we discuss the prospects for REDD+. We structure these on the basis of options included in the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) Negotiating Text of February 2015: (1) forests in a market-based mechanism, (2) result-based approaches for REDD+, and (3) non-result-based approaches. In addition, we discuss for each of these the likeliness of substantial international finance that they may raise, their mitigation potential, their contribution to forest conservation, and their social co-benefits.
Acoustic and articulatory manifestations of final lengthening and voicing contrasts for German learners of English as a second language

The present acoustic and articulatory study investigates whether German native speakers show prosodic and segmental transfer effects of the L1 when speaking English as L2. The focus lies on prosodic lengthening patterns as well as voicing contrast in word-final position in English, a pattern that is difficult for many German learners due to their native syllable-final obstruent devoicing rule.
Organic Agriculture-The Possible Future

tSfod [ksrh lwpuk i=] jk"Vah; tSfod [ksrh ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr tkjh ,d cgqHkk"kh; frekgh izdk'ku gSA tSfod [ksrh ds mRFkku] izpkj izlkj o blds fu;ked ra= ls tqM+s ys[k] u;h lwpuk,a] u;s mRikn] fo'ks"kKksa ds fopkj] lQy iz;kl] u;h fodflr izfdz;k,s] lsfeukj&dkUQzsUl bR;kfn dh lwpuk rFkk jk"Vah; o vUrZjk"Vah; lekpkj fo'ks"k :Ik ls vkeaf=r gSaA lwpuk i= esa izdkf'kr fopkj o vuqHko ys[kdska ds vius gSa ftlds fy, izdk'kd mRrjnk;h ugha gSA
HRAS1 Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Polymorphism in Japanese Patients with Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer

The highly polymorphic HRAS1 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) has been described as an inherited predisposing factor in various human cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between the presence of rare HRAS1 VNTR alleles and colorectal adenoma and cancer. A total of 165 Japanese patients underwent total colonoscopy with informed consent, and were divided into 2 groups: colorectal neoplastic and non-neoplastic patients. Two hundred and sixteen HRAS1 VNTR alleles from 108 colorectal neoplastic patients (67 adenomas and 41 cancers) and 114 alleles from 57 non-neoplastic patients were genotyped using PCR-based long-agarose gel electrophoresis assay of peripheral blood leukocyte DNA. Rare alleles were differentiated from 4 types of common allele (a1, a2, a3 and a4) by shifts in electrophoretic mobility. The prevalence of rare HRAS1 VNTR alleles was higher in colorectal neoplastic patients than in non-neoplastic patients (25.4% and 34.1% versus 8.8%). The adjusted odds ratio with at least one rare allele was 8.65 (95% confidence interval = 2.93–25.53, P < 0.0001) in colorectal neoplastic patients. The presence of rare HRAS1 VNTR alleles could be a genetic predisposing factor for risk of colorectal neoplasm in Japanese people.
Control Controls Extensional Execution

Call-by-name evaluation, weak head normal forms, and functional extensionality: pick at most two. All three seem desirable, but are inconsistent together, representing a trilemma. We can respect extensionality while computing to weak head normal forms—where evaluation stops once it hits a lambda—by switching to call-byvalue evaluation, but sticking with call-by-name forces us to abandon one of the other two. Weak head normal forms are appealing since they let us run closed programs without going under binders, which seems well suited for implementations. The essential problem, though, is that “stopping at a lambda” is fundamentally inconsistent with the η axiom which can erase top-level lambdas. When we move from the pure, untyped λ-calculus to one with first-class control effects, the situation becomes even worse. Not only are we faced with our original trilemma, but η reduction breaks confluence as well. Recent work [2, 10] restores confluence in control calculi by replacing η with a different interpretation of extensionality and β with a different interpretation of functions. We bring new insight into these solutions by recasting functions as pattern matching abstractions on their calling contexts. Further, by translating this alternate viewpoint back to the λ-calculus, we derive an abstract machine for call-by-name evaluation which respects η, keeps evaluation at the top level, and avoids any descent under binders. Our machine sidesteps the trilemma by going further and computing to head normal forms. Effectively, control has taught us a better way to implement the pure λ-calculus.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL POPULATIONS OF UNION COUNCIL KOAZ BAHRAM DEHRI PAKISTAN TOWARDS GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINESIS) Tauseef

After water the tea is the biggest beverage use worldwide. This study is aimed to find out the knowledge, attitude and practices of local population of Union Council Koaz Bahram Dehri District Charsada, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan towards green tea. A descriptive observational study was design. Data were collected from 150 subjects through a self design questionnaire. The majority of participants were males belonging to different age groups. The ratio of education was reported low. The local populations have sufficient knowledge about green and also used it for different purposes.
A New Video Data Hiding Using Forbidden Zone Data Hiding

Video data hiding is still an important research topic due to the design complexities involved. We propose a new video data hiding method that makes use of erasure correction capability of Repeat Accumulate codes and superiority of Forbidden Zone Data Hiding. Selective embedding is utilized in the proposed method to determine host signal samples suitable for data hiding. This method also contains a temporal synchronization scheme in order to withstand frame drop and insert attacks. The proposed framework is tested by typical broadcast material against MPEG-2, H.264 compression, frame-rate conversion attacks, as well as other well-known video data hiding methods. The decoding error values are reported for typical system parameters. The simulation results indicate that the framework can be successfully utilized in video data hiding applications.
RF LEAKAGE DETECTOR SYSTEM

FREIA Laboratory is a new facility for developing and testing the instrumentation for particle accelerators. There are two pulsed 400 kW 352 MHz RF sources, presently used for testing the superconducting RF cavities and there is a need to monitor the electromagnetic field in the experimental hall. The RF leakage detector system consists of number of physically identical nodes with one of them configured as a master and the rest as the slaves. Each node supports 3 separate RF measurement channels with a frequency span of 100 kHz to 1 GHz. A desired frequency band is selected using a front-end band-pass filter. The sensitivity of the sensor is -34 dBm and the dynamic range 48 dB. The slaves are battery powered for easy installation. Special care has been taken to minimize the power consumption resulting in battery life to be 0.3 to 1.1 year using 3xAAA batteries in continuous operation. The footprint of the module is 60x100x40 mm. The communication between the master and the slaves uses Wireless Link operating at the 868 MHz ISM band. The system is controlled by EPICS using the StreamDevice driver. The master RF module is connected via RS-232 line and MOXA NPort 5610 server to the control system network.
The usability of F1 driving interfaces

The complexity of driver’s interfaces in Formula One has increased dramatically in the last 25 years. This has resulted in criticisms from drivers and has been blamed in several cases for accidents due to distraction or mode error. Technologies adopted by Formula One to improve performance have led to additional interface requirements and the resultant interface design adaptations. Specific regulatory changes have also been identified as significant factors in dictating the driver’s interface workload. Research is currently ongoing into the empirical analysis of the interfaces. Even minor design decisions can have a large effect on usability. These findings have confirmed the challenges facing human factors engineers tasked with designing interfaces featuring large amounts of functionality for use within high cognitive workload conditions.
L-BOUNDEDNESS OF MARCINKIEWICZ INTEGRALS ALONG SURFACES WITH VARIABLE KERNELS

In this paper, we give the L estimates for the Marcinkiewicz integral with rough variable kernels associated to surfaces. As corollaries of this result, we show that similar properties still hold for parametric Littlewood-Paley area integral and parametric g∗ λ functions with rough variable kernels. We also show some sharp difference betweeen properties of singular integrals and the Marcinkiewicz integral with rough variable kernels. Some of the results are extensions of some known results.
Economic Justice

The crux of Nozick’s theory is that one owns oneself, one’s labor, and its fruits. Hence, even if one morally ought to donate money to help the poor, the government would violate one’s right of self-ownership by forcing one to help them. Rawls’ theory starts from the thought that one’s starting point in life is undeserved. Hence the contingent differences arising therefrom are morally irrelevant. Thus Rawls argues that the social arrangement agreed upon by representatives of different social classes when knowledge of such differences is to be suppressed will be a just arrangement. Rawls further argues that the difference principle will be agreed upon, according to which social and economic inequalities cannot be allowed to exist unless they are to be arranged to the benefit of the least advantaged.
What Goes Around, Comes Around: Reciprocal Effects and Double-Sided Moral Hazard in the Choice of Brand Licensing

Extending a brand beyond its original product category is a major strategy for long-term profitability. A brand owner can internalize the development of the extension product, or license the brand to an external partner in order to exploit the licensee’s better capabilities and higher efficiency on the targeted market. Brand extension is characterized by the presence of the socalled reciprocal effect, whereby the effort exerted to develop and market the extension has a feedback effect – either positive or negative – on the value of the parent brand. Under licensing, this effect is an externality from the standpoint of the brand owner. The licensing relationship is characterized by double-sided moral hazard, requiring an incentivizing contract; the reciprocal effect adds a further element that should be governed by the contract. Indeed, a positive effect can boost the attractiveness of licensing relative to internal development, whereas a negative one can have the opposite effect. Drawing from extant literature, we build a game-theoretical model and show how reciprocal effect, (dis)similarity between the extension product and the parent brand, and (in)efficiency of the brand owner relative to the licensee in developing the extension shape the optimal licensing contract and affect the choice between internal development and licensing.
Analysis of CT perfusion parameters in the setting of cerebral ischemic stroke

The study was carried out to evaluate the different parameters of cerebral blood perfusion in ischemic areas and to determine the most appropriate parameter to identify infarcted and non-infarcted zone. A prospective study in patients with hemispheric stroke to The Stroke Service over a period of two years was undertaken. Initial CT with CT perfusion and MRI diffusion-weighted imaging was done. Total of 47 cases were studied. NIHSS score was determined. Renal function was done. Time since the onset of stroke as told by the patient or relative was recorded. CT perfusion studies were performed using a 4-slice CT scanner (TOSHIBA) with CT perfusion software. MRI was performed with a 1.5-T clinical whole-body unit. MR DWI images were visually analysed to match the sections on PCT images. The PCT maps and MR images were co registered manually. Statistical analysis used ROC. Mean age was 55.9 years. The Mean NIHSS score was 15.9. Mean CT scan time was 10. 2 hours after symptom onset. The thresholds for rCBF (54%) and rMTT (142%) found would allow differentiation of core and pneumbra. We found a longer MTT with more severe ischemia, in accordance with the central volume principle that states that MTT is inversely related to the perfusion pressure. This statistical analysis of the parameters confirms that rMTT is a better separator of viable and nonviable tissue than is rCBV. Furthermore, higher sensitivity and accuracy were obtained for rMTT than for rCBV and MTT maps. Relative MTT, with an optimal threshold of 142%, provided the most accurate prediction of the final infarct size. Keywords: CT perfusion, Diffusion MRI, Cerebral blood flow, Cerebral blood volume, Core, Pneumbra, Mean transit time
Credibility of Information Content: Concepts and Evaluation Technology

従来は一部の機関,著者が特権的に有していた情報発信という機能が,ウェブの登場 により一般の個人に開放されることとなった. 特に,近年では消費者発信メディアの普及に伴いそ の傾向は顕著となっている. 従来では得られなかった情報が得られるようになり,その利用価値は 高まっている. その反面,信頼性という観点から情報を評価,選別し利活用することが難しくなっ ているのも事実である. 本稿では,情報の信頼性について,関連する概念について整理し,ウェブ 上の情報の信頼性評価を行う上での課題を挙げて要素技術をまとめる.
Blogger Search based on Interest Analysis

Since blog contents are rapidly increasing on the web, it’s becoming difficult for the readers to find blogs that they want to read most. To efficiently search for interesting blogs, we propose a method to find a blogger whose blogs are interesting to the reader. We model each blogger focusing on the fact that blogger’s interest is always changing. We first analyze blogs using latent dirichlet allocation, and extract tens of topics from them. We manually classify the extracted topics into five categories that correspond to bloggers’ interests, ”IT”, ”life”, ”politics and economics”, ”entertainment”, and ”game and animation”. We visualize time-varying interests of each blogger in the categories. Our user interface allows the user to efficiently create a query by editing a value of each category and its temporal variation. We demonstrate our method enables the user to effectively find a blogger who has a specific interest or whose interest has been changing in a specific way.
Ultrasonic Assisted Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline-Modified Magnetite Nanocomposites (PAni/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites)

Polyaniline (PAni) is one of the most widely studied conducting polymers due to its easy synthesis method, reversible chemical reaction, and high environmental stability, low cost and flexible electrical conductivity. Blending PAni with some quantity of aniline dimerCOOH modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles can form novel composites with suitable electric and magnetic properties. Standard four-point probe apparatus were used to measure the conductivity of pure Aniline, Polyaniline (PAni) and PAni/Fe3O4 nanocomposites, while magnetic properties of the magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and PAni/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were recorded on Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). It was found that the electrical conductivity was increased and decreased with addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (1.8 × 10-9 S/cm, 6.32× 10-1 S/cm, and 2.3× 10-3 S/cm). It was also observed that the composites exhibit super paramagnetic performance with saturation magnetization (Ms) of Ms = 22.5 emug-1. The morphology and elemental composition analysis of the modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and PAni/Fe3O4 nanocomposites was studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). However, the obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles was found to be spherical and agglomerated, due to higher magnetic attraction between the particles, while the modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in the PAni nanotubes lead to the formation of the composites with clear nanofibers structure. The absorption analysis of the modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and PAni/Fe3O4 nanocomposites studied by UV-visible found to be 370 nm and 650 nm respectively which can be attributed to π-π transition of benzenoid ring of PAni, suggesting that the conductive PAni was formed. The result was further supported by XRD and FTIR analysis. Keyword: Polyaniline, Fe3O4 Nanoparticles, Composites, Conductivity, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM).