Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticipating bipedalism: trabecular organization in the newborn ilium

Trabecular bone structural organization is considered to be predominantly influenced by localized temporal forces which act to maintain and remodel the trabecular architecture into a biomechanically optimal configuration. In the adult pelvis, the most significant remodelling forces are believed to be those generated during bipedal locomotion. However, during the fetal and neonatal period the pelvic complex is non‐weight bearing and, as such, structural organization of iliac trabecular bone cannot reflect direct stance‐related forces. In this study, micro‐computed tomography scans from 28 neonatal ilia were analysed, using a whole bone approach, to investigate the trabecular characteristics present within specific volumes of interest relevant to density gradients highlighted in a previous radiographic study. Analysis of the structural indices bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing and trabecular number was carried out to quantitatively investigate structural composition. Quantification of the neonatal trabecular structure reinforced radiographic observations by highlighting regions of significant architectural form which grossly parallel architectural differences in the adult pattern but which have previously been attributed to stance‐related forces. It is suggested that the seemingly organized rudimentary scaffold observed in the neonatal ilium may be attributable to other non‐weight bearing anatomical interactions or even to a predetermined genetic blueprint. It must also be postulated that whilst the observed patterning may be indicative of a predetermined inherent template, early non‐weight bearing and late stance‐related locomotive influences may subsequently be superimposed upon this scaffolding and perhaps reinforced and likely remodelled at a later age. Ultimately, the analysis of this fundamental primary pattern has core implications for understanding the earliest changes in pelvic trabecular architecture and provides a baseline insight into future ontogenetic development and bipedal capabilities.
Air pollution exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a large UK birth cohort: use of a novel spatio-temporal modelling technique.

OBJECTIVES Previous work suggests an association between air pollution exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes, even at relatively low concentrations. Our aim was to quantify the effect of air pollution having an adverse effect on preterm birth (PTB) and fetal growth in a large UK cohort using a novel exposure estimation technique [spatio-temporal (S-T) model] alongside a traditional nearest stationary monitor technique (NSTAT). METHODS All available postcodes from a Northwest England birth outcome dataset during 2004-2008 were geocoded (N=203 562 deliveries). Pollution estimates were linked to corresponding pregnancy periods using temporally adjusted background modelled concentrations as well as NSTAT. Associations with PTB, small for gestational age (SGA), and birth weight were investigated using regression models adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity, parity, birth season, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI), and smoking. RESULTS Based on the novel S-T model, a small statistically significant association was observed for particulate matter (PM10) and SGA, particularly with exposure in the first and third trimesters. Similar effects on SGA were also found for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), particulate matter (PM 2,5), and carbon monoxide (CO) in later pregnancy, but no overall increased risk was observed. No associations were found with NO xor the outcomes PTB and reduction in birth weight. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association between air pollution exposure and birth of a SGA infant, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy but not with PTB or mean birth weight change.
Diversity and distribution of methane-oxidizing microbial communities associated with different faunal assemblages in a giant pockmark of the Gabon continental margin

A giant 800-m-diameter pockmark named REGAB was discovered on the Gabon continental margin actively emitting methane at a water depth of 3200 m. The microbial diversity in sediments from four different assemblages of chemosynthetic organisms, Mytilidae, Vesicomyidae, Siboglinidae and a bacterial mat, was investigated using comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Aggregates of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME-2) and bacteria of the Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus cluster were found in all four chemosynthetic habitats. Fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting the ANME-2/Desulfosarcina/Desulfococcus aggregates showed their presence few centimeters (3–5 cm) below the surface of sediment. 16S rRNA gene sequences from all known marine ANME groups were detected in the pockmark sediments, as well as from both known bacterial partners. The archaeal diversity was limited to the ANME cluster for all investigated samples. The bacterial diversity included members of the Proteobacteria, Bacilliales, Cytophaga/Flavobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, JS1 and Actinobacteria clusters. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences related to those of known sulphideoxidizing symbionts were recovered from tissues of several invertebrates including vesicomyid clams and siboglinid tubeworms of REGAB.
Breast abscesses and cigarette smoking

An 11‐year retrospective review of women with breast abscesses presenting to a district general hospital was performed. A total of 122 women were identified with a breast abscess: 85 (70 per cent) with non‐lactational abscesses and 37 (30 per cent) with an abscess in the puerperium. Six of 37 lactational and 24 of 85 non‐lactational abscesses recurred. Sixteen mammillary fistulae developed, all following incision and drainage of non‐lactational breast abscesses. Women with non‐lactational breast abscesses were more likely to smoke cigarettes (P < 0.005). Breast abscesses containing anaerobic bacteria were signlficantly more likely to occur in current cigarette smokers (P < 0.05). Women with non‐lactational breast abscesses who were heavy cigarette smokers were more likely to sufer recurrent abscesses (P < 0.01). There was histological evidence of duct ectasia on biopsy in 25 women with non‐lactational abscesses and 21 of 25 were current smokers. Mammillary fistulae developed more frequently in current smokers (P < 0.03). Cigarette smoking is important in the natural history of non‐lactational breast abscesses and may predispose to anaerobic breast infections and the development of mammillary fistulae.
Hormones and Life Histories: An Integrative Approach

This article, which focuses on hormones and the diverse effects they have on behavior and physiology, raises evolutionary questions that hormonal studies appear especially well suited to address. These include the endocrine basis for life-history trade-offs, the role of hormones in adaptive alterations in social organization and mating systems, and whether natural selection acts on traits or organisms. The article also shows how phenotypic engineering by hormonal manipulations can reveal the evolutionary significance of phenotypic variation. By generating rare or novel phenotypes, we can attempt to determine the shape of fitness profiles in nature. To illustrate phenotypic engineering, we manipulated plasma testosterone in a freeliving bird, the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), and measured the effects of the treatment on behavior, including allocation of time to mate attraction and parental behavior as well as use of space, and on physiology, including regulation of body mass, corticosterone, and molt. We compared treated males to controls for various correlates of fitness, including territory acquisition, mate acquisition, mate retention, physical condition of the mate, apparent reproductive success, extrapair fertilizations, and survival. The results to date appear to indicate that selection is relatively indifferent to a broad range of phenotypes, while extreme deviations from the norm are selected against.
A web-based IoT solution for monitoring data using MQTT protocol

In this paper, a web-based Internet of things solution aimed for monitoring, tracking and analyzing data in agriculture area is proposed. The purpose of the presented solution is to facilitate monitoring of different manufacturing process in mentioned area using IoT technologies. A real time data is achieved using broker-based publishing/subscribing Message Queue Telemetry Transport protocol which is briefly described. Using this protocol limitations resulting from constrained networks in rural areas are avoided. Collected data from sensors is shown and stored in web part of the information system. An architecture of the web application is described as a client-server three-tier architecture in which the graphical user interface (presentation layer), application functions and logic (application layer) and computer data storage (database layer) are developed and maintained as independent modules, on separate platforms. This type of implementation is developed by the manufacturers need for monitoring and tracking data. This architecture is based on future concrete implementation, at least in segments, in several agricultural facilities in Virovitica-Podravina County.
Peroxidase Mechanism of Lipid-dependent Cross-linking of Synuclein with Cytochrome c

Damage of presynaptic mitochondria could result in release of proapoptotic factors that threaten the integrity of the entire neuron. We discovered that α-synuclein (Syn) forms a triple complex with anionic lipids (such as cardiolipin) and cytochrome c, which exerts a peroxidase activity. The latter catalyzes covalent hetero-oligomerization of Syn with cytochrome c into high molecular weight aggregates. Syn is a preferred substrate of this reaction and is oxidized more readily than cardiolipin, dopamine, and other phenolic substrates. Co-localization of Syn with cytochrome c was detected in aggregates formed upon proapoptotic stimulation of SH-SY5Y and HeLa cells and in dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons of rotenone-treated rats. Syn-cardiolipin exerted protection against cytochrome c-induced caspase-3 activation in a cell-free system, particularly in the presence of H2O2. Direct delivery of Syn into mouse embryonic cells conferred resistance to proapoptotic caspase-3 activation. Conversely, small interfering RNA depletion of Syn in HeLa cells made them more sensitive to dopamine-induced apoptosis. In human Parkinson disease substantia nigra neurons, two-thirds of co-localized Syn-cytochrome c complexes occurred in Lewy neurites. Taken together, these results indicate that Syn may prevent execution of apoptosis in neurons through covalent hetero-oligomerization of cytochrome c. This immediate protective function of Syn is associated with the formation of the peroxidase complex representing a source of oxidative stress and postponed damage.
Memory Impairment Induced by Intraamygdala β-Endorphin Is Mediated by Noradrenergic Influences

These experiments examined the effects on memory in two tasks, inhibitory avoidance and water-maze spatial learning, of intraamygdala injections of drugs affecting noradrenergic and opiate receptors. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180 g, 50 days old on arrival) were given either a single training trial in an inhibitory avoidance task or eight trials in a water-maze task in which they were trained to swim to a platform submerged 1 cm below the water surface and located in a constant position. Intra-amygdala injections of beta-endorphin (0.03 or 0.1 ng), clenbuterol (10 or 30 ng), or propranolol (0.3 microgram) were given alone or concurrently: beta-endorphin (0.1 ng) + clenbuterol (10 or 30 ng) or beta-endorphin (0.03 ng) + propranolol (0.3 microgram). The injections (0.5 microliter) were administered immediately after inhibitory avoidance training and 5 min before water-maze training. Inhibitory avoidance retention was tested 48 h after training and water-maze retention was tested 24 h after training. In both tasks, clenbuterol attenuated the retention impairing effect of beta-endorphin. Also, in both tasks, low doses of beta-endorphin (0.03 ng) and propranolol (0.3 microgram), which did not affect retention when administered alone, impaired retention when administered concurrently. These results are consistent with extensive previous evidence suggesting that opioid and noradrenergic systems interact in modulating memory storage and provide additional support for the view that the interaction is due to opioid inhibition of noradrenergic activation within the amygdala.
The future is wireless: advances in wireless diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in gastroenterology.

g d i e d i d r c t rthur C. Clarke in his essay “Hazards of Prophecy: The Failure of Imagination,” proposed 3 laws of rediction. The first law is that, “When a distinguished ut elderly scientist states that something is possible, he s almost certainly right. When he states that something s impossible, he is very probably wrong. ” Others are not o forward thinking when it comes to embracing innoation. “The wireless music box has no imaginable comercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to obody in particular? ” were the comments of David arnoff’s associates in response to his urgings for investent in the radio in the 1920s. Although the associate as probably neither elderly nor a scientist, he was alost certainly in good company at the time. Skepticism bout new technologies has existed in all walks of life and t all stages of history. Yet, every day new technologies ome online and affect every sphere of our lives, includng medicine. Advances in wireless technologies have tremendously nhanced diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in gasroenterology and have improved our ability to take care f our patients. Furthermore, they have allowed patients he freedom to not be physically tied to their physician or he testing facility, and have testing performed in the omfort of their home. As gastroenterologists, advances n wireless technologies are allowing us to perform gasrointestinal (GI) diagnostic procedures with increased atient comfort, and to look and treat deeper in the GI ract, beyond the reach of traditional wired devices and ndoscopes. There are great advances being made in wireess diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in gastroenerology. This article gives an overview of the advances hat will significantly impact the specialty of gastroenterlogy in the near future.
Real-time eye tracking and event identification techniques for smart TV applications

Due to the progress of computer technology, the detecting accuracy and speed of pattern recognition are promoted. Additionally, according to research advances in embedded systems, the applications of digital cameras, such as internet cameras, smart phones and smart TV, are widely used in nowadays. Therefore, we propose a set of real-time human-eye recognition and tracking systems with human-computer interaction mechanism. It can be adopted to help the smart TV users or any device which have camera and computing power to improve their using experience. The proposed system is demonstrated on OMAP4430 for embedded applications, and experimental results show that the proposed architecture is capable of effective and real-time eye position tracking. The proposed system can also detect the status of eye blink. Even for the case of uneven lighting, the proposed system can successfully recognize the human eyes with high accuracy.
Lymphocyte response in acute experimental renal failure.

The in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation was studied with lymphocytes of normal guinea pigs and of guinea pigs made uremic by bilateral ureteral ligation. In 3 to 4 days the latter animals showed weight loss, increase in serum creatinine, anemia and profound lymphocytopenia. In vitro lymphocyte transformation showed no significant decrease. The uptake of tritiated thymidine by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes of uremic animals was greater than that of lymphocytes of normal animals. Prolongation of homograft survival in acute uremia cannot be attributed to immunologic incompetence of the peripheral blood lymphocytes as determined by their in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin. The marked decrease in the number of immunologically competent cells may play a role in the prolongation of homograft survival.
Cross-correlation method measurement of error vector magnitude and application to power amplifier non-linearity performances

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) is used by communication systems designers as one way to express distortions in digital communications. These distortions may come from initial modulator amplitude and phase imbalances, from linear distortions or non-linear distortions in the transmission chain. It is a good indicator of power amplifiers non-linearity. We propose to use a closed form method based on cross-correlation between input and output signal of the power amplifier as a way to measure either EVM or Noise Power Ratio (NPR). We show the small differences that exist between both measurements. We show also that it can be applied to the measurement of signal EVM at the output of a signal generator or transmission chain.
Impact of Students’ Interest on Learning Islamic Education among SMKA Students in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Muslim students are expected to have a profound interest in learning Islamic education so as to gain extreme understanding of their revealed religion. The study revealed that one of the factors affecting students’ interest in learning Islamic education is parents’ influence. The present study meant to identify the effect of pupils’ interest in learning Islamic education and also determine the extent to which students’ interest predict the learning performance of Islamic education among religious secondary schools’ students in Kuala Terengganu Malaysia. The study adopted Quantitative approach; a survey type of descriptive study was employed. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 335 students attending the national religious secondary schools in Kuala Terengganu. The collected data was analysed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 19. The findings revealed that students’ interest in learning Islamic Education significantly predicts the learning performance of Islamic education at = . 802, p = . 000. Therefore, parents and teachers should use good inventive methods that will inspire students’ interest in an effort to make learning of Islamic education more expressive to the learners. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n6s1p105
Network-based positioning and pedestrian flow measurement system utilizing densely placed wireless access points

Although accurate positioning systems are important to provide location-aware services, solutions that are applicable in high-rise areas and inside buildings have not yet been realized. We propose an accurate positioning system that utilizes widely and densely placed Wi-Fi access points. The proposed system utilizes probe request signals broadcast by mobile devices to estimate their positions. The positioning algorithm is based on proximity detection using received signal strength indication. In addition, the proposed method employs a computation time reduction strategy and error reduction techniques. The proposed system can also show pedestrian flow, which is valuable information for developing shop branching plans, street improvement, and so on. The experimental results show that the proposed positioning system achieved an accuracy of 5.36 m. The system can also visualize pedestrian flow trends in a given Wi-Fi coverage area based on the position estimates.
Double Response to Stroop Stimuli

To reexamine Klein's 1964 findings we carried out two experiments on the double response made to Stroop stimuli. In Exp. 1 incongruent color-word stimuli were presented on a CRT online with a microcomputer. A color-word card was used in Exp. 2. Subjects were asked to read words before naming colors or, conversely, to name colors before reading words. An analysis of variance (the task x the type of task) was performed on response times in both experiments. Two main effects and interactions were nonsignificant. Some subjects made an error-like reverse-order response on the double-response task. The present findings do not support Klein's findings or the competition explanation of the Stroop effect.
Determination of air-gap flux density due to magnets using the new analytical model

In this research work a new and simple calculation model for the analysis of the salient pole PM machines taking into account the stator slotting effect is presented. The approach to analyze the air-gap flux density based on the new model is to determine the air-gap magnetomotive force (MMF) and the flux path permeance function. The air-gap MMF for different rotor topologies is described with the well known Fourier series function, however, the flux path permeance function taking into account the stator slotting is determined using a simple magnetic reluctance network. Using the new model the air-gap flux density distribution for a PM machine is calculated. FE methods are used to prove the accuracy of the new model. Also, the effect of magnet volume (magnet length and width) in the air-gap flux density is investigated.