Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of vegetable oils on growth, lipid profile, and immunologic response in broiler chicken fed isoenergetic diet Efecto de los aceites vegetales sobre el crecimiento, el perfil lipídico y la respuesta inmune en pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas isoenergéticas

In the past, the main objective of the poultry meat industry was to improve body weight and feed efficiency of the birds. Modernly, there are other parameters that are essential to be taken into consideration in poultry industry such as low cholesterol deposition on the body. For this aim, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental canola and olive oils alone or combined on lipid and cholesterol of serum and tissues in broiler chicks. A total of 120 male chicks were randomly distributed into four treatments (30 birds each) with three replications (10 birds each) for each treatment, a completely randomized design was used (p ≤ 0.05). The blood and tissues samples were taken at the end of experiment (42 days) and values for triacylglycerol (TAG), total lipid, High-Density-Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-c, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and free fatty acids levels were determined. In addition, feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio, and immune response against Newcasle disease (ND) and sheep red blood cell (SRBC) were also determined. The results revealed that, dietary supplementation of either canola or olive oils to broiler chick increased immune response to ND, SRBC, final live body weight and daily gain compared to control without affecting TAG, LDL-c, VLDL-c and saturated fatty acids (SFA) when compared with the control. Interestingly, combined administration of both oils was more effective in such effect than if they supplemented alone.
Induction of interleukin 1 secretion by adjuvant-active peptidoglycans

The ability of differently structured, purified peptidoglycans (PG) to induce interleukin 1 (IL1) secretion was compared. PG from Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus stimulated the production of IL1 by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human adherent mononuclear cells, whereas PG from Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Corynebacterium poinsettiae were inactive. There was a correlation between the ability of PG to induce IL1 secretion and previously demonstrated immunoenhancing activities (adjuvant effect, increase of resistance to tumor growth) of PG. PG solubilization by lysozyme decreased but did not abolish the PG effect on IL1 secretion. Active PG induced IL1 production in nude mice and in the C3H/HeJ strain (which is unresponsive to lipopolysaccharides).
The conformation fo poly‐L‐alanine in hexafluoroisopropanol

High‐molecular‐weight poly‐L‐alanine dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol exhibits infrared, ultraviolet, circular dichroism, and optical rotatory dispersion spectra which are unique and unlike any other previously reported polypeptide spectra. Strong evidence that a helical conformation is present is shown by the high degree of hypochromism in the 187mμ absorption peak and by the positions of the amide infrared bands. The CD and ORD spectra are also similar to those of α‐helical polypeptides, though important qualitative and qualitative differences are observed. To explain the novel spectra, which are not mixtures of the spectra of previously reported polypeptide conformations, a new α‐helix‐like conformation is proposed. The postulated conformation (a doubly hydrogen‐bonded helix) is a distorted α‐helix in which the peptide carbonyl groups point slightly out from the helix axis and are hydrogen bonded simul taneously both to the NH of the fourth peptide residue to the carboxyl terminal side (as in the classical α‐helix), as well as to a solvent molecule's hydroxyl hydrogen.
"Typhoid Mary" Strikes Back Bacteriological Theory and Practice in Early Twentieth-Century Public Health

THE SCIENCE OF BACTERIOLOGY, with its emphasis on the role of microorganisms in causing disease, undoubtedly influenced the practice of public health in early twentieth-century America. But how much did this new laboratory-based science narrow the scope of public health activities? Or, to put it another way, how reductionist was this new science in practice? These questions are important because many historians and some late twentieth-century social critics have assumed, implicitly or explicitly, that germ theory, in contracting conceptions of the etiology of disease primarily to microorganisms, brought an end to the more holistic understandings of illness that preceded it. According to these scholars, the laboratory became the most important instrument for measuring degrees of sickness, substituting microbe hunting with test tubes and microscopes for the wide-ranging sanitation and social welfare programs that characterized nineteenth-century public health practices. Paul Starr, for example, has written that "the new outlook brought with it a radically reduced view of the requirements of public health. The limitations on public health in the twentieth century were . profound. The early public health reformers of the nineteenth century, for all their moralism, were concerned with social welfare in a broad sense. Their twentieth-century successors adopted a more narrow and technical view of their calling. "' In examining early experiences with healthy
Impedance-source galvanically isolated DC/DC converters: State of the art and future challenges

Impedance-source switched mode converters are an emerging technology in electric energy conversion. They overcome limitations of conventional solutions by the utilization of specific impedance-source networks. Previous review papers cover impedance-source networks. Focus of this paper is on the topologies of the impedance-source galvanically isolated DC/DC converter. These converters are particularly appropriate for distributed generation systems with renewable or alternative energy sources which require input voltage regulation in a wide range. This paper presents a concise review of basic existing topologies for researchers and engineers. All the reviewed topologies of the impedance-source galvanically isolated DC/DC converter are classified by the element that transfers energy from the input to the output: a transformer or a coupled inductor. This classification undoubtedly reveals wide space for further research and the most promising research directions in this field.
The treatment of lead encephalopathy; a method for the removal of lead during the acute stage.

1. A theoretical basis for the use of the Calcium complex of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for the deleading of patients in the acute stage of lead poisoning is presented. 2. Of seven cases of lead encephalopathy treated with this agent, one expired soon after admission, and the others showed prompt clinical improvement. 3. Urinary excretion studies show that approximately 1.8 mg. of lead are excreted for each 500 mg. of CaEDTA administered under conditions calculated to realize the maximum efficiency of the therapy. 4. No signs of toxicity from CaEDTA were noted. 5. A general plan of therapy of lead encephalopathy with CaEDTA is presented. 6. It is too early to evaluate the effects of this form of treatment in minimizing brain damage from this disease.
Aqueous alteration in Martian meteorites: Comparing mineral relations in igneous-rock weathering of Martian meteorites and in the sedimentary cycle of mars

Many of the minerals observed or inferred to occur in the sediments and sedimentary rocks of Mars, from a variety of Mars-mission spacecraft data, also occur in Martian meteorites. Even Martian meteorites recovered after some exposure to terrestrial weathering can preserve preterrestrial evaporite minerals and useful information about aqueous alteration on Mars, but the textures and textural contexts of such minerals must be examined carefully to distinguish preterrestrial evaporite minerals from occurrences of similar minerals redistributed or formed by terrestrial processes. Textural analysis using terrestrial microscopy provides strong and compelling evidence for preterrestrial aqueous alteration products in a number of Martian meteorites. Occurrences of corroded primary rock-forming minerals and alteration products in meteorites from Mars cover a range of ages of mineral–water interaction, from ca. 3.9 Ga (approximately mid-Noachian), through one or more episodes after ca. 1.3 Ga (approximately mid–late Amazonian), through the last half billion years (late Amazonian alteration in young shergottites), to quite recent. These occurrences record broadly similar aqueous corrosion processes and formation of soluble weathering products over a broad range of times in the paleoenvironmental history of the surface of Mars. Many of the same minerals (smectite-group clay minerals, Ca-sulfates, Mg-sulfates, and the K-Fe–sulfate jarosite) have been identified both in the Martian meteorites and from remote sensing of the Martian surface. This suggests that both kinds of samples—Martian meteorites and Mars’ surface rocks, regolith, and soils—were altered under broadly similar conditions. Temporarily and locally occurring but likely stagnant aqueous solutions reacted quickly with basaltic/mafic/ultramafic minerals at low water–rock ratios. Solutes released by primary mineral weathering precipitated locally on Mars as cation-rich clays and evaporite minerals, rather than being leached away, as on Earth. The main secondary host minerals for Fe differ between Martian meteorites and Mars’ surface materials. In Martian meteorites, sideritic–ankeritic carbonate is the predominant secondary host mineral for Fe, whereas in Mars’ surface materials, ferric oxides and ferric sulfates are the predominant secondary host minerals for Fe. Differences in the initial compositions of the altering solutions are implied, with carbonate/bicarbonate dominating in the solutions that altered Martian meteorites, and sulfate dominating the solutions that altered most Mars’ surface materials. During impact on and ejection from Mars, Martian meteorites may have been exhumed from depths sufficient to have isolated them from large quantities of Mars’surface solutions. Preejection weathering of the basaltic rocks occurred in grain-boundary fracture microenvironments at high pH values in aqueous solutions buffered by reactions with basalt minerals.
A low-power 2K/4K range-controlled communication chip design for mobile payment

When 2.4G RF technology is applied to mobile payment, power consumption and the distance of swing card become crucial challenges. This paper presents an architecture and circuit design for low power 2K/4K rate RCC(range-controlled communication) chip for waking up and configuring the 2.4G RF chip. The signal is transmitted by the low frequency electromagnetic field, which attenuation rapidly with the distance increase. Three-stage programmable gain amplifiers are used to amplify signals. Digital-to-analog converters and comparators are design for judgment the transaction approach and departure.
The Forearm Flap

We present our experimental and clinical experiences with the free neurovascular forearm flap. The flap is based on the radial artery, one of the great veins of the forearm (cephalic, basilic, or interconnecting vein), and one or two cutaneous forearm nerves (ulnar, median, or lateral). Because of the standard anatomy, the large caliber of blood vessels, the good sensory supply, the quality and quantity of the forearm skin, and the thin layer of subcutaneous fat, the free forearm flap is a technically easy and safe flap for reconstruction of soft-tissue defects, especially those in the head and neck and those areas of the extremities where sensitive skin is desired.
Psychobiology of partnership behaviour

Synopsis Animal experiments demonstrate that it is not only the quality of transmitted and received social signals that is important, but also their frequency and the timing of the information transmitted. In order for progress to be made in the investigation of human social behaviour and its disorders, methods must be developed which allow the transmission of verbal and non-verbal information to be measured. Experiments carried out with healthy adults and healthy and disturbed children to investigate human eye contact and distance behaviour are reported, along with experiments on the influence of gaze and body posture on spoken communication. Finally, a report on the use of behaviour therapy for an autistic child is outlined in order to explore the psychobiological correlations between social behaviour and language, which concur with extensive experiments on brain stimulation. It is suggested that there is a cerebral representation for species-specific social behaviour and a vocalization system embedded in these brain structures which is a phylogenetically patterned prerequisite for the development of human language.
Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Composition of the Cellular Slime Mold , Dictyostelium discoideum

The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium dticoideum has been extensively studied (1) because of the unique series of morphological transitions that the wild type undergoes. From single, vegetative cells, the organisms pass through complex aggregation, migration, and culmination, leadii finally to spore formation. Sussmenn (2) has produced a number of stable, aggregateless mutants that remain permanently in the vegetative stage as single ameboid cells. ’ One of these mutants was used in the present study in order to avoid the complicating factors of morphological transition. Previous investigation of the lipids of Dictyostelium diecoideum and its aggregateless mutant Agg 204 had been limited to the characterisation of a steroid, AZ-stigmasten3&ol, and the demonstration of its biosynthesis from acetate and mevalonate (3). Stigmastenol is produced in large quantities by Dictyostelium disco&&urn and is felt to be related to the activity of the aggregation-inducing factor, acrasin (4). The fatty acids and phosphatides of the cellular slime mold are described in this paper. The fatty acid composition of each of the phosphatides has been determined. Evidence is presented for considerable molecular heterogeneity within several classes of phosphatides. The phosphatides contain an unusually high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. Of major interest is the presence, in large amounts, of three new dienoic long chain fatty acids whose structures have been established as 5,9-hexadecadienoic acid, 5,9-octadecadienoic acid, and 5,1 l-octadecadienoic acid. Under appropriate conditions of growth, two other new fatty acids, 9-heptadecenoic acid and 5,9-heptadecadienoic acid, normally present in small amounts, can be made to accumulate. Studies of the pathways of biosynthesis of these fatty acids are presented in an accompanying paper (5).
Regulation of Normal Proliferation in the Developing Cerebrum Potential Actions of Trophic Factors

We review here a computational model of neocortical histogenesis based upon experiments in the developing cerebral wall of the mouse. Though based upon experiments in mouse, commonalities of developmental history and structure of neocortex across mammalian species suggest that the principles which support this model will be generally applicable to neocortical evolution and development across species. In its scope the model spans the successive histogenetic events: cell proliferation, cell migration, and the positioning of cell somata in neocortical layers following migration. Neurons are produced in a pseudostratified epithelium (PVE) which lines the ventricular cavaties of the embryonic cerebrum. The parameters which determine the rate and total number of neurons produced in the PVE are (1) the size of the founder population, (2) the number of integer cell cycles executed by the founder population and its progeny in the course of the neuronogenetic interval, (3) the growth fraction, and (4) the fraction of cells which exits the cycle (Q fraction) with each integer cycle. There is a systematic relationship between the integer cycle of origin and the sequence of cell migration, position in the cortex, and the extent to which a set of postmigratory neurons will be diluted in the cortex by the combined effects of tissue growth and cell death. Variation across species in the number of integer cell cycles as a function of the rate of progression of Q may be expected to modulate profoundly the total numbers of neurons that are produced but not the relative proportions of neurons assigned to the major neocortical layers.
PAX5 and B-cell neoplasms: transformation through presentation.

Andrei ThomasTikhonenko† & Diana Cozma †Author for correspondence Department of Pathobiology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104–6051, USA Tel. : +1 215 573 5138; Fax: +1 215 746 0380; andreit@mail.vet. upenn.edu ‘Most diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas are derived from mature B cells, which express B-cell receptors and have often undergone maturation in germinal centers. ’
Hemodynamic Evaluation of Basilar and Vertebral Artery Angioplasty

OBJECTIVE The postangioplasty evaluation of a stenotic vessel is often conducted by studying serial angiograms to determine the anatomic reduction in stenosis. In flow-limiting stenosis, the hemodynamic change that accompanies these anatomic changes is of great importance in evaluating the success of the angioplasty. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the usefulness of phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PCMRA) in evaluating the hemodynamic changes that occur after angioplasty of the basilar and vertebral arteries. METHODS Between January 1998 and February 2000, PCMRA was performed for the hemodynamic evaluation of 130 patients who presented at our institution. Twenty-six patients were evaluated for vertebrobasilar insufficiency, and flow rates of their vertebral and basilar arteries were determined. In five patients, angioplasty was done on the basilar or vertebral arteries, and PCMRA was performed to determine flow rates before and after the procedure. RESULTS Of the five patients undergoing angioplasty, the average percentage of stenosis was 81%. The average increase in basilar artery flow rate was 46 ml/min (P < 0.05) after angioplasty. Two of these patients are described. One patient demonstrated the comparison of flow rates in the vertebral and basilar arteries after angioplasty. The second patient showed follow-up flow rates measured after angioplasty and up to 4 months later to predict restenosis. CONCLUSION The use of flow rate data before and after angioplasty is helpful not only to evaluate the treatment immediately after the procedure but also to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment during a long period. PCMRA provides a noninvasive method for measuring arterial flow rates with far-reaching implications in neurosurgery.
Designing polylibraries to speed up linear algebra computations

In this paper, we analyse the design of polylibraries, where the programs call for routines from different libraries according to the characteristics of the problem and of the system used to solve it. An architecture for this type of library is proposed. Our aim is to develop a methodology which can be used in the design of parallel libraries. To evaluate the viability of the proposed method, the typical linear algebra libraries hierarchy has been considered. Experiments have been performed in different systems and with linear algebra routines from different levels of the hierarchy. The results confirm the design of polylibraries as a good technique for speeding up computations.
Point of view: energy factors for food labelling and other purposes should be derived in a consistent fashion for all food components.

In Australia, the process by which food energy factors are derived for food labelling purposes is under review. One of the questions of international relevance is whether energy factors should be derived using a definition of metabolisable energy (ME) or a definition of net (metabolisable) energy (NME), or some mixture of the two. ME describes the food energy available for heat production and body gains. NME deducts obligatory thermogenesis from ME in an attempt to reflect the food energy that can be converted to ATP energy within the body. Some countries use NME to derive energy factors for novel food ingredients such as sugar alcohols and polydextrose, but continue to use ME for protein, fat, carbohydrate, and alcohol. The present paper puts a case for using a consistent system (ME at the present time) for all food components. Reasons for this include: consistent application to all food components allows valid comparisons between products; food energy values and estimates of energy expenditure (food energy requirements) should be directly comparable; NME does not account for all sources of thermogenesis; differences between ME and NME for sugar alcohols and polydextrose are small in the context of the whole diet; and the ME system does not preclude information about metabolic efficiency being provided as additional information. Any major change to the way in which energy values are expressed (e.g. global adoption of the NME system) merits wide discussion among the human nutrition community. One aim of this present paper is to stimulate this discussion.
Fluorescein dye and ultraviolet light technique in diagnosis of small bowel ischaemia

specific. An 18-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with complaints of pain in the abdomen of one-month duration. General physical examination showed no significant finding. Per abdominal examination showed a soft abdomen; no mass was felt. Haemogram was normal. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a cystic lesion measuring 9.1 ¥ 6.8 cm in the hepatorenal region. The lesion was causing a mass effect over the inferior vena cava, head of the pancreas, right kidney, right adrenal gland, common bile duct, portal vein and gall bladder. Further investigations showed random blood sugar, renal function tests, liver function tests and endocrine workup to be normal. Abdomen was explored laparoscopically and a cyst of size 9.1 ¥ 6.8 cm was located in the subhepatic and paraduodenal area. Additionally, two ports were made to dissect out the cyst. It was freed of from its surrounding vital structures – second part of duodenum lying to its left, gall bladder and under surface of the liver above, biliary tract and the right kidney below. The cyst was traced to the retroperitoneal region. The cyst pedicle was clipped at its base and excised. The specimen was extracted through a port after sucking out its contents. It was sent for histopathology. At microscopy, the excised cyst showed a thick fibrous wall lined in most places by flattened endothelial cells. These endothelial cells were replaced over varying lengths of the luminal lining by adrenal cortical cells, varying in thickness from four to six layers. The morphology of the cells resembled zona fasciculata of the normal adrenal cortex (Fig. 1). Final diagnosis of endothelial type of adrenal vascular cyst was made. The patient was discharged and is doing well. Grossly, both types of adrenal vascular cysts are encapsulated. Pseudocysts are unilocular, thick-walled and devoid of endothelial lining and show compressed adrenal tissue in the outer periphery of the fibrous cyst wall. On the contrary, endothelial cysts are thinwalled, multilocular and lined by endothelium and show adrenal cortical tissue towards the luminal side. It is presumed that both types of cysts probably originate from a pre-existing vascular hamartoma. The size ranges on an average 1.4 to 33 cm in diameter. Surgical excision when possible by laparoscopic approach is the treatment of choice for adrenal vascular cysts, and the prognosis is excellent.