Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How often are hospitalized patients and providers on the same page with regard to the patient's primary recovery goal for hospitalization?

BACKGROUND To deliver high-quality, patient-centered care during hospitalization, healthcare providers must correctly identify the patient's primary recovery goal. OBJECTIVE To determine the degree of concordance between patients and key hospital providers. DESIGN A validated questionnaire administered to a random sample of hospitalized patients alongside their nurse and physician provider. Goals included: "be cured," "live longer," "improve/maintain health," "be comfortable," "accomplish a particular life goal," or "other. " SETTING Major academic hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients admitted for more than 48 hours from November 2013 to May 2014 were eligible. When a patient was incapacitated, a legal proxy was interviewed. The nurse and physician provider were then interviewed within 24 hours. MEASUREMENTS Frequencies of responses for each recovery goal and the rate of concordance among the patient, nurse, and physician provider were measured. The frequency of responses across groups were compared using adjusted χ(2) analyses. Inter-rater agreement was measured using 2-way Kappa tests. RESULTS All 3 participants were interviewed in 109 of the 181 (60.2%) patients approached (or with proxy available). Significant differences in selected goals were observed across respondent groups (P < 0.001). Patients frequently chose "be cured" (46.8%). Nurses and physician providers frequently selected "improve or maintain health" (38.5% and 46.8%, respectively). All 3 participants selected the same goal in 22 cases (20.2%). Inter-rater agreement was poor to slight for all pairs (kappa 0.09 [-0.03-0.19], 0.19 [0.08-0.30], and 0.20 [0.08-0.32] for patient-physician, patient-nurse, and nurse-physician, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We observed poor to slight concordance among hospitalized patients and key medical team members with regard to the patient's primary recovery goal. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:615-619. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Synthesis, Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Crystal Structure of 2,4-Dimethylbenzoylhydrazones

2,4-Dimethylbenzoylhydrazones 1–30 were synthesized by condensation reactions of 2,4-dimethylbenzoylhydrazide with various aromatic aldehydes and characterized. The assigned structures of compounds 10, 15 and 22 were further supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity. They exerted varying degree of scavenging activity toward DPPH radical with IC50 values between 25.6–190 µM. Compounds 1, 4, 2, 3, 7, and 6 have IC50 values of 25.6, 28.1, 29.3, 29.8, 30.0 and 30.1 µM respectively, showing better activity than an n-propyl gallate standard (IC50 value = 30.30 µM). For super oxide anion scavenging activity compounds 1, 2 and 3 with IC50 values of 98.3, 102.6, and 105.6, respectively, also showed better activity than the n-propyl gallate standard (IC50 value = 106.34 µM).
Are Drug Companies Living Up to Their Human Rights Responsibilities? The Merck Perspective

As one viewpoint of three in the PLoS Medicine Debate on whether drug companies are living up to their human rights responsibilities, Geralyn Ritter, Vice President of Global Health Policy and Corporate Social Responsibility at Merck & Co., argues that that multiple stakeholders could do more to help States deliver the right to health.
Design of broadband bandpass CMOS amplifiers based on modified distributed amplification technique

This paper presents a novel broadband bandpass amplifier in CMOS technology based on the distributed amplification technique. In this design, the conventional lowpass LC filter structure of the CMOS distributed amplifiers is replaced by a bandpass LC filter structure only in gate transmission lines. The drain transmission lines topology is preserved to provide a DC path for biasing the transistors. Simulation results clearly indicate that the proposed circuit topology can be used as a broadband bandpass amplifier for UWB applications
Interrelationships among the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism, migraine, and cardiovascular disease

Background: Interrelationships among the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism (rs1801133), migraine, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are plausible but remain controversial. Methods: Association study among 25,001 white US women, participating in the Women's Health Study, with information on MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism. Migraine and migraine aura status were self-reported. Incident CVD events were confirmed after medical record review. We used logistic regression to investigate the genotype-migraine association and proportional hazards models to evaluate the interrelationships of genotype and migraine on incident CVD. Results: At baseline, 4,577 (18.3%) women reported history of migraine; 39.5% of the 3,226 women with active migraine indicated aura. During a mean of 11.9 years of follow-up, 625 CVD events occurred. Carriers of the TT genotype were less likely to have migraine with aura. The multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) in the recessive model was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.65–0.96; p = 0.02). The TT genotype did not increase the risk for CVD. In contrast, migraine with aura doubled the risk for CVD (multivariable-adjusted RR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.53–2.78; p < 0.0001). Coexistence of migraine with aura and the TT genotype selectively raised this risk (RR = 3.66; 95% CI = 1.69–7.90; p = 0.001). This pattern was driven by a fourfold increased risk for ischemic stroke (multivariable-adjusted RR = 4.19; 95% CI = 1.38–12.74; p = 0.01) and was not apparent for myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Data from this large cohort of women suggest a modest protective effect of the MTHFR 677TT genotype on migraine with aura. The increased risk for cardiovascular disease among migraineurs with aura was magnified for TT genotype carriers, which was driven by a substantially increased risk of ischemic stroke.
'The new localism': once more through the revolving door?

more information better? The effects of report cards on health care providers. Cambridge: NBER Working Paper 8697, 2002 10. Mannion R, Goddard M. Public disclosure of comparative clinical performance data: lessons from the Scottish experience. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2003; 9: 277–286 11. Goddard M, Ferguson B, Posnett J. Impact on the purchaser–provider relationship and implications for the regulatory framework. In: Ferguson B, Sheldon T, Posnett J eds. Concentration and choice in health care markets. London: RSM Press Ltd, 1997: 83–100 12. Marshall MN, Hiscock J, Sibbald B. Attitudes to the public release of comparative information on the quality of general practice. BMJ 2002; 325: 1287–1281
A study for image-based integrated virtual environment

In this paper, we propose a new approach to building a virtual environment by using raw data from a real environment. To manage and analyze different types of datasets from many sensors and databases, we build and integrate different types of environments with different types of datasets, user interactions and rendering methods. To integrate the environments, we merge rendered images of each virtual environment according to the user's viewpoint, depth information, and reliability of rendered images, and display the resultant image to the user. In addition, we propose an integration environment by using an environment manager, which determines the user's viewpoint with respect to the integrated environments according to the user's input, and compose a display image from rendered images of the integrant environments. The reliability of the rendered images is determined by data accuracy and resolution, display resolution and rendering errors from rendering methodologies. By integrating four constructed environments according to the user's viewpoint, we can construct a photorealistic large-scale environment from different types of datasets. Furthermore, we implemented the prototype system in CABIN and demonstrated the scalability of this architecture.
Cell cycle suspension: A novel process lurking in G2 arrest

Cell cycle checkpoint is a self-protective mechanism for cells to monitor genome integrity and ensure the high-fidelity transmission of genetic information to daughter cells. Insufficient function of cell cycle checkpoints has been demonstrated to partially account for tumor initiation, promotion and progression. In the ten melanoma cell lines that we tested in preliminary experiments, two human uveal melanoma cell lines, 92-1 and OCM-1, were found to be significantly different in terms of radiosensitivity but similar in DNA repair ability. Evident G2 arrest was induced in both cell types and the maximum was reached at 16 h after irradiation regardless of X-rays or high-LET carbon beams. OCM-1 cells overrode the G2 arrest and reentered the cell cycle right after reaching the maximum, whereas 92-1 could not. Upon 10 Gy of radiation, the cell cycle of 92-1 was suspended and remained unchanged for up to 5 d. The cell cycle suspension is a unique process lurking in G2 arrest and related to cellular radiosensitivity. Its induction is dose-dependent and there is a dose threshold for it. The degradation of Cyclin B1 has been found related to the cell cycle suspension though, the mechanism of cell cycle suspension is still under investigation. Basing on our knowledge, this is the first report on cell cycle suspension and we present here a de novo mechanism to cellular radiosensitivity. Further clarification of the mechanism underlying cell cycle suspension is believed to be of significance in tumor radiosensitization or even direct tumor control.
First-time fathers' needs and experiences of transition to fatherhood in relation to their mental health and wellbeing: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE This qualitative review seeks to identify first-time fathers' needs and experiences in relation to their mental health and wellbeing during their transition to fatherhood. This will include resident first-time fathers who are either the biological or non-biological father.The objectives are to explore first-time fathers' experiences in relation to.
Increased gamma-band synchrony precedes switching of conscious perceptual objects in binocular rivalry

Gamma-band neural synchrony has been proposed as a correlate of consciousness and as a solution for the binding problem. Research on visual working memory and the perception of coherent images in ambiguous figures supports this view. To test the relationship between perceptual consciousness and &ggr; synchrony, we recorded electroencephalogram activity while participants were presented with rivalling visual images to each eye. Participants pressed buttons to indicate which image they were perceiving, and response-locked phase-locking values (6–60 Hz) were calculated from the electroencephalogram time series. Results revealed transient bursts of increased global phase synchrony in the &ggr;-band peaking ∼425 and ∼260 ms preresponse. This suggests that global &ggr; synchrony is associated with the emergence of a coherent conscious percept.
The development of moral emotion expectancies and the happy victimizer phenomenon: A critical review of theory and application.

The happy victimizer demarks a phenomenon in which there is a discrepancy between young children's understanding of moral rules and their attribution of positive emotions to wrong-doers. In this paper, we argue why developmental transitions in this aspect of emotion understanding have both theoretical and applied value. First, the research literature on moral emotion expectancies is critically reviewed and methodological constraints of the happy victimizer experimental paradigm are discussed. Second, we elaborate on the connections between moral emotion expectancies and children's understanding of human agency. It is argued that the coordination process involved in making moral emotion attributions and moral judgments is a key element in the evolving moral self. Third, the developmental significance of moral emotion expectancies for children's and adolescent's externalizing symptoms and adaptive behavior is discussed.
Detecting microdamage in bone

Fatigue‐induced microdamage in bone contributes to stress and fragility fractures and acts as a stimulus for bone remodelling. Detecting such microdamage is difficult as pre‐existing microdamage sustained in vivo must be differentiated from artefactual damage incurred during specimen preparation. This was addressed by bulk staining specimens in alcohol‐soluble basic fuchsin dye, but cutting and grinding them in an aqueous medium. Nonetheless, some artefactual cracks are partially stained and careful observation under transmitted light, or epifluorescence microscopy, is required. Fuchsin lodges in cracks, but is not site‐specific. Cracks are discontinuities in the calcium‐rich bone matrix and chelating agents, which bind calcium, can selectively label them. Oxytetracycline, alizarin complexone, calcein, calcein blue and xylenol orange all selectively bind microcracks and, as they fluoresce at different wavelengths and colours, can be used in sequence to label microcrack growth. New agents that only fluoresce when involved in a chelate are currently being developed – fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensors. Such agents enable microdamage to be quantified and crack growth to be measured and are useful histological tools in providing data for modelling the material behaviour of bone. However, a non‐invasive method is needed to measure microdamage in patients. Micro‐CT is being studied and initial work with iodine dyes linked to a chelating group has shown some promise. In the long term, it is hoped that repeated measurements can be made at critical sites and microdamage accumulation monitored. Quantification of microdamage, together with bone mass measurements, will help in predicting and preventing bone fracture failure in patients with osteoporosis.
Protein Kinase C Activation is Involved in Ultraviolet B Irradiation‐Induced Endothelial Cell ICAM‐1 Up‐Regulation and Lymphocyte–Endothelium Interaction In Vitro

Lymphocyte–endothelium interactions are pivotal steps in mediating inflammatory responses. The authors have analysed the influence of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 expression on cells of the human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC)‐1 and the intracellular signalling pathways involved. Flow cytometry revealed dose‐dependent ICAM‐1 up‐regulation with maximum induced expression 24 h after sublethal UVB irradiation of 10 mJ/cm2. While anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α antibodies or recombinant human interleukin (IL)‐10 did not influence this response, anti‐interferon (IFN)‐γ antibodies blocked the UVB‐induced ICAM‐1 up‐regulation. Significant induction of intracellular/membrane‐bound IFN‐γ was measured as early as 6 h post‐UVB. Since previous work has shown a differential role of protein kinase C (PKC) in cytokine induced ICAM‐1 expression, the effect of a selective bisindolylmaleimide‐derived PKC‐inhibitor (GF109203X) was studied. Ultraviolet B‐induced ICAM‐1 up‐regulation was effectively blocked by the PKC‐inhibitor, whereas a PKA‐inhibitor was ineffective. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis showed a radiation‐induced membrane translocation of PKC‐α, indicative of enzyme activation, in HMEC‐1 cells already 30 min post‐UVB. The functional relevance of the UVB‐induced ICAM‐1 expression and involvement of PKC in this process was demonstrated in an adhesion assay with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, UVB‐induced ICAM‐1 expression on human endothelial cells involves PKC‐dependent pathways and can be prevented by a PKC‐inhibitor. The use of PKC‐inhibitors as additive modulators in immune reactions may bear clinical potential. The mechanisms of IFN‐γ induction in endothelial cells by UVB deserve further investigation.
Theoretical analysis of gadopentetate dimeglumine enhancement in T1‐weighted imaging of the brain: Comparison of two‐dimensional spin‐echo and three‐dimensional gradient‐echo sequences

By using a theoretical model, the signal difference‐to noise ratios between simulated lesions and normal white matter and gray matter were calculated as a function of lesion concentration of gadopentetate dimeglumine (GD) for two‐dimensional (2D) T1‐weighted spin‐echo (SE), three‐dimensional (3D) steady‐state spoiled gradient‐echo (GRE) (FLASH [fast low‐angle shot]), and 3D magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient echo (MP‐RAGE) pulse sequences. The 3D GRE sequences provided greater contrast enhancement at relatively high [GD], and the 2D SE sequence demonstrated greater enhancement and a higher rate of enhancement at low [GD]. The results predict that at low [GD], certain lesions could probably be detected with the 2D SE sequence but possibly not with one or both of the 3D GRE sequences. At high [GD], certain lesions could probably be detected with one or both of the 3D GRE sequences but possibly not with the 2D SE sequence. This provides a potential explanation for the clinical observation that certain contrast agent enhanced lesions appear less conspicuous on 3D GRE images than on 2D SE images and vice versa. Modified parameter values were derived for the 3D FLASH and 3D MP‐RAGE sequences that are predicted to produce contrast enhancement behavior equivalent or superior to that of a conventional 2D SE sequence.
Acute effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on QRS duration in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND Levosimendan is a novel inotropic agent that enhances cardiac contractility without increasing cellular calcium intake, so that it is not supposed to cause intracellular calcium overload and related arrhythmias. In patients with heart failure, prolonged QRS duration is associated with increased risk of mortality and sudden cardiac death. Structural changes in the left ventricle may lead to asynchronous contraction, causing conduction delay and a prolonged QRS on the surface electrocardiogram. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the acute effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on QRS duration in patients with severe heart failure and sinus rhythm. METHODS Sixty consecutive patients with ischemic heart failure were enrolled for the study and randomized into two groups for levosimendan (n=37) or dobutamine (n=23) infusions. 67.2 % were male; mean age was 66.4 ± 9.2 years for all patients. Baseline QRS durations in levosimendan and dobutamine groups were, 120.44 ± 23.82 ms vs 116.59 ± 13.80 ms respectively. Baseline ejection fractions were both depressed (23.15 ± 8.3% vs 24.56 ± 7.5%). RESULTS In the levosimendan group, QRS duration shortened from baseline value to 116.47 ± 24.56 msec (p=0.006), whereas dobutamine group showed no significant change (p=0.605). Both drugs caused an increase in ejection fraction, but only the levosimendan group showed significance (27.95 ± 8.9% p=0.003 vs 26.67 ± 7.6%, p=0.315). CONCLUSION We suggest that the administration of levosimendan, not dobutamine, shortens QRS duration on the surface ECG, possibly by means of providing collective contraction in the left ventricle muscle fibers. The molecular basis of this effect remains to be clarified.
The Dependence Of Magnetic Properties On Fatigue Behavior In A533B Nuclear Pressure Vessel Steels

Cyclic loading causes cumulative microstructural changes in materials. The magnetic properties of A533B steel are determined by both initial microstructures and microstructural changes induced by fatigue damage. From the results of a series of strain-controlled fatigue tests, the magnetic properties were found to change systematically with fatigue damage throughout the fatigue life. A linear relationship between magnetic remanence and mechanical modulus was observed. The fatigue lifetimes were also dependent on the initial microstructure, and a relationship between these lifetimes and pre-fatigue magnetic properties such as coercivity was observed. Therefore this study has demonstrated that magnetic measurements can be exploited to evaluate the progress of fatigue damage in steel.
Linking Data to Action: Designing for Amateur Energy Management

Design of eco-feedback has primarily aimed at persuading individuals to change behaviours into more environmentally sustainable ones. However, it has been questioned how effective such feedback is in supporting long-term change. As an alternative focus for energy feedback, we present a case study of amateur energy management work in apartment buildings owned by housing cooperatives, and the design of an app that aims to stimulate and support cooperatives in taking energy actions that significantly reduce the cooperative's collective energy use. By linking energy data to energy actions, the users can see how actions taken in their own and other cooperatives affected the energy use, learn from each other's experiences and become motivated as energy amateurs. Based on our housing cooperative case, we reflect on design aspects to consider when designing for energy management in amateur settings.
ResponsivenessIsoforms Results in Differential Cellular Reciprocal Regulation of Protein Kinase C

Immunological homeostasis is often maintained by counteractive functions of two different cell types or two different receptors signaling through different intermediates in the same cell. One of these signaling intermediates is protein kinase C (PKC). Ten differentially regulated PKC isoforms are integral to receptor-triggered responses in different cells. So far, eight PKC isoforms are reported to be expressed in macrophages. Whether a single receptor differentially uses PKC isoforms to regulate counteractive effector functions has never been addressed. As CD40 is the only receptor characterized to trigger counteractive functions, we examined the relative role of PKC isoforms in the CD40-induced macrophage functions. We report that in BALB/c mouse macrophages, higher doses of CD40 stimulation induce optimum phosphorylation and translocation of PKC a , b I, b II, and « whereas lower doses of CD40 stimulation activates PKC d , z , and l . Infection of macrophages with the protozoan parasite Leishmania major impairs PKC a , b I, b II, and « isoforms but enhances PKC d , z , and l isoforms, suggesting a reciprocity among these PKC isoforms. Indeed, PKC a , b I, b II, and « isoforms mediate CD40-induced p38MAPK phosphorylation, IL-12 expression, and Leishmania killing; PKC d and z / l mediate ERK1/2 phosphorylation, IL-10 production, and parasite growth. Treatment of the susceptible BALB/c mice with the lentivirally expressed PKC d - or z -speciﬁc short hairpin RNA signiﬁcantly reduces the infection and reinstates host-protective IFN- g –dominated T cell response, deﬁning the differential roles for PKC isoforms in immune homeostasis and novel PKC-targeted immunotherapeutic and
An investigation of support services available by Internet searching to families impacted by a parent's cancer

Throughout a parent's cancer diagnosis and treatment, families are likely to turn to the Internet to find social, emotional, and informational support services. It is important that professionals understand the content and availability of support discoverable through Web searches. This study identified and described Web‐based information regarding support services offered to families when a parent has cancer.