Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size-dependent superconducting state of individual nanosized Pb islands grown on Si(111) by tunneling spectroscopy

By measuring the temperature-dependent tunneling spectroscopy of a set of flat-top Pb islands from 3.2 to 15 K, the limiting size of a nine-monolayer-thick Pb island with superconductivity above 3.2 K was determined to be ∼ 30 nm2, in good agreement with the Anderson criterion. Further analysis indicates that the zero-temperature energy gap decreases significantly faster than the transition temperature when the Pb island size approaches this limit. This leads to a decrease of 2Δ(0)/kBTC from 4.5 to 3.3, thus showing that the Pb island superconductors undergo a change from strong to weak electron–phonon coupling.
Effects of Group Therapy on Women with Primary Breast Cancer

David Spiegel, M.D.,l Gary R. Morrow, M.S., Ph.D.,2 Catherine Classen, Ph.D.,l Gail Riggs, M.S.W. ,2 Phillip B. Stott, M.D.,3 Narayan Mudaliar, M.S.W. ,4 H. Irving Pierce, M.D.,' Patrick J. Flynn, M.D.,6 and Laura Heard, R.N. 7 'Department of Psychiatry, Stanford School of Medicine; 'University of Rochester Cancer Center; Kalamazoo CCOP; Wichita CCOP; 'Northwest CCOP; 6Metro-Minnesota CCO P; 7Virginia Mason Research Center
An Analysis of Unsolved Problems of Face-lift Procedures

The face-lift/rhytidectomy, considered a premier surgical procedure in the specialty, is designed to reverse the effects of aging on the face. Yet our understanding of aging is incomplete, for example, only recently has it been recognized that there are different fat compartments in the face: how aging affects these different compartments is not known. Some surgeons consider the baggy lower eyelid to be due to excess fat and remove the fat. Others consider the problem to be due to a weak orbital septum and recommend septal tightening, while recent work suggests that facial bone retrusion is responsible. Furthermore, many different face-lift techniques exist, with each surgeon showing good postoperative photographs. However, the face is a complex 3-dimensional structure with different contours even within an anatomic subunit, and assessment of results by a 2-dimensional photograph must be crude and inaccurate. Also, these articles discuss the surgical maneuvers necessary to achieve the purported result, but do not discuss the mechanics of the procedure. Is there a rationale for considering the SMASectomy better than submuscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) plication, for example? Basic principles of surgical wound healing will be extrapolated in an endeavor to find an answer. This article aims to highlight the divergent opinions, challenge the present thinking of the facelift procedure, and reevaluate the goals and mechanism for achieving this. Ten facets of the procedure will be examined. New methods of assessment of results are required, as photography is inadequate.
The development of an artificial organic networks toolkit for LabVIEW

Two of the most challenging problems that scientists and researchers face when they want to experiment with new cutting‐edge algorithms are the time‐consuming for encoding and the difficulties for linking them with other technologies and devices. In that sense, this article introduces the artificial organic networks toolkit for LabVIEW™ (AON‐TL) from the implementation point of view. The toolkit is based on the framework provided by the artificial organic networks technique, giving it the potential to add new algorithms in the future based on this technique. Moreover, the toolkit inherits both the rapid prototyping and the easy‐to‐use characteristics of the LabVIEW™ software (e.g., graphical programming, transparent usage of other softwares and devices, built‐in programming event‐driven for user interfaces), to make it simple for the end‐user. In fact, the article describes the global architecture of the toolkit, with particular emphasis in the software implementation of the so‐called artificial hydrocarbon networks algorithm. Lastly, the article includes two case studies for engineering purposes (i.e., sensor characterization) and chemistry applications (i.e., blood–brain barrier partitioning data model) to show the usage of the toolkit and the potential scalability of the artificial organic networks technique. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comorbid symptoms of inattention, autism, and executive cognition in youth with putative genetic risk

BACKGROUND Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and inattention (IA) are highly comorbid and associated with deficits in executive cognition. Cognitive deficits have been posited as candidate endophenotypes of psychiatric traits, but few studies have conceptualized cognitive deficits as psychiatric comorbidities. The latter model is consistent with a latent factor reflecting broader liability to neuropsychological dysfunction, and explains heterogeneity in the cognitive profile of individuals with ASD and IA. METHODS We tested competing models of covariance among symptoms of ASD, IA, and cognition in a sample of 73 youth with a known genetic mutation. RESULTS A common executive factor fit best as a cognitive comorbidity, rather than endophenotype, of the shared variance between measures of IA and ASD symptoms. Known genetic risk explained a third of the shared variance among psychiatric and cognitive measures. CONCLUSIONS Comorbid symptoms of ASD, IA, and cognitive deficits are likely influenced by common neurogenetic factors. Known genetic risk in ASD may inform future investigation of putative genetic causes of IA.
Annual Research Review: Not just a small adult brain: understanding later neurodevelopment through imaging the neonatal brain

Background There has been a recent proliferation in neuroimaging research focusing on brain development in the prenatal, neonatal and very early childhood brain. Early brain injury and preterm birth are associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, indicating the importance of this early period for later outcome. Scope and methodology Although using a wide range of different methodologies and investigating diverse samples, the common aim of many of these studies has been to both track normative development and investigate deviations in this development to predict behavioural, cognitive and neurological function in childhood. Here we review structural and functional neuroimaging studies investigating the developing brain. We focus on practical and technical complexities of studying this early age range and discuss how neuroimaging techniques have been successfully applied to investigate later neurodevelopmental outcome. Conclusions Neuroimaging markers of later outcome still have surprisingly low predictive power and their specificity to individual neurodevelopmental disorders is still under question. However, the field is still young, and substantial challenges to both acquiring and modeling neonatal data are being met.
Application of the STOPP/START criteria: a systematic review of the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults, and evidence of clinical, humanistic and economic impact

Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) has significant clinical, humanistic and economic impacts. Identifying PIP in older adults may reduce their burden of adverse drug events. Tools with explicit criteria are being developed to screen for PIP in this population. These tools vary in their ability to identify PIP in specific care settings and jurisdictions due to such factors as local prescribing practices and formularies. One promising set of screening tools are the STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person's potentially inappropriate Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool of Alert doctors to the Right Treatment) criteria. We conducted a systematic review of research studies that describe the application of the STOPP/START criteria and examined the evidence of the impact of STOPP/START on clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes in older adults.
Efficacy and safety of telaprevir and boceprevir in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1: a meta‐analysis

Two NS3/4A protease inhibitors (PIs), telaprevir and boceprevir, were recently approved in the United States. The primary objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of triple therapies including either PI to dual therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1; the secondary objective was to conduct subgroup analyses to make comparisons based on patients' race.
Integrating epigenetic and genetic biomarkers for early lung cancer detection: M15-01

Copyright © 2007 by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer S190 (2) Patients with discrete mediastinal lymph node enlargement and contralateral FNA-demonstrated disease. FDG PET might provide information concerning the likelihood of involvement of the node as well as possible metastatic disease. The false positive rate for PET in the mediastinum is 15 to 20% and the false negative rate for patients with enlarged lymph nodes is 15 to 25%. Thus, performing a needle aspiration technique either by EUS or EBUS is warranted. Given the false negative rate of 20 to 30%, finding a negative FNA should be followed by a mediastinoscopy. Patients with adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma or other histologies that are more likely metastatic, primary lesions larger than 23 cm in largest dimension, centrally located tumors, tumors that have clinical N1 disease, those with FDG-PET SUV of > 7 or multiple abnormalities on PET or in those that have serum CEA level > 5 ng/L are all considered risk factors for potential N2 or N3 disease and necessitate FNA and if negative, mediastinoscopy. In patients with peripheral primary tumors with no lymph node enlargement on CT, no other risk factors and no primary tumor FDG uptake (< 2.5) have a mediastinal disease prevalence of less than 3%. In summary, patients who have enlarged or suspicious appearing mediastinal nodes on CT and/or those with FDG-PET or PET/CT uptake, an EUS and/or EBUS can be performed to confirm the presence of disease rather than assuming malignant involvement. A thorough evaluation of the mediastinum should be performed. If metastatic disease is not found, then mediastinoscopy should be performed as the negative predictive value of FNA is insufficient to rule out the presence of metastasis. If it is found, then induction therapy can be used. For those patients with a negative mediastinum on PET and CT and if the lesion is peripheral, in the outer third of the lung field and the SUV of the primary is less than 2.5, then mediastinoscopy is unlikely to provide further helpful information. For more adenoscarcinomas and large cell cancers or central or lesions larger than 4 cm or clinically N1 patients or in whom the SUV of the primary is larger than 7, then the prevalence of mediastinal involvement is higher, increasing the error of CT and PET. The negative predictive value in these cases is not sufficient to eliminate the probability of disease in the mediastinum. Prospective trials evaluating the use of TEMLA should be performed to assess its ability in providing a survival advantage, but it does appear to provide superior staging information. Future methods of genetic analysis of the primary tumor as well as genetic and marker analyses of the lymph nodes, bronchial washings, bone marrow and serum might provide greater prognostic information than simple histological examination of the mediastinal lymph nodes. If this is the case, mediastinoscopy might be unnecessary.
A polarizable, charge transfer model of water using the drude oscillator

The transfer of small amounts of charge between neighboring particles can be a significant part of interactions among particles. A model is developed for treating charge transfer (CT) combined with the Drude model for polarizability to create an efficient model for liquid water which includes both CT and polarizability. The model is shown to be accurate for a variety of liquid properties, including the density as a function of temperature and the dielectric constant. A new model for water with CT and polarization is developed and applied to the liquid. The inclusion of CT increases the accuracy of many properties, like the density as a function of temperature, indicating the importance of charge redistribution as induced by other particles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring Occupational Balance in Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chronic illness disrupts participation in daily living. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with three indicators of occupational balance: perceived satisfaction with performance of one's primary occupation, the balance of time spent on occupations, and daily achievements. One hundred sixty-nine adults (78% women) with rheumatoid arthritis completed the Occupational Questionnaire and a survey of health and functional status. Using multiple linear regression, general health status was a significant predictor of all three indicators of occupational balance. Self-efficacy with respect to arthritis symptoms, work limitations, and self-care ability were additional predictors of satisfaction with achievements; social function, pain, and work ability were additional predictors of satisfaction with performance; and the proportion of time spent in occupations deemed as enjoyable was an additional predictor of satisfaction with balance of time spent across occupations. Study results provide support for emerging models of occupational balance as a multidimensional concept.
Size-dependent electronic-transport mechanism and sign reversal of magnetoresistance in Nd0.5Sr0.5CoO3

A detailed investigation of electronic-transport properties of Nd0.5Sr0. 5CoO3 has been carried out as a function of grain size ranging from micrometre order down to an average size of 28 nm. Interestingly, we observe a size induced metal–insulator transition in the lowest grain-size sample while the bulk-like sample is metallic in the whole measured temperature regime. An analysis of the temperature dependent resistivity in the metallic regime reveals that the electron–electron interaction is the dominating mechanism while other processes like electron–magnon and electron–phonon scatterings are also likely to be present. The fascinating observation of enhanced low temperature upturn and minimum in resistivity on reduction of grain size is found due to electron–electron interaction (quantum interference effect). This effect is attributed to enhanced disorder on reduction of grain size. Interestingly, we observe a cross over from positive to negative magnetoresistance in the low temperature regime as the grain size is reduced. This observed sign reversal is attributed to enhanced phase separation on decreasing the grain size of the cobaltite.
A UK Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Hysterectomy and Uterine Artery Embolization for the Treatment of Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids (HOPEFUL Study): Main Results on Medium-term Safety and Efficacy

The Hysterectomy Or Percutaneous Embolization For Uterine Leiomyomata (HOPEFUL) study was an attempt to compare the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of 2 methods of treating symptomatic uterine fibroids, hysterectomy, and uterine artery embolization (UAE). The multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled 459 women having hysterectomy and followed-up for 8.6 years on average, and 649 others who underwent UAE and were followed for 4.6 years on average. A majority of hysterectomies were total abdominal procedures. Complications were more frequent in women having hysterectomy. The adjusted odds ratio for UAE versus hysterectomy was 0.48, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.26-0.89. One-third of women having UAE experienced general side effects expected with this procedure, including vaginal discharge, spontaneous fibroid expulsions, and postembolization syndrome. More women in the hysterectomy group reported relief from fibroid symptoms (95% vs. 85%), and more of them felt better than before treatment (96% vs. 84%). Nevertheless, only 85% of women would recommend hysterectomy to a friend, whereas 91% would recommend UAE. Nearly one-fourth of women having UAE required further treatment for fibroids. Twenty-seven women had 37 pregnancies following UAE, resulting in 19 live births. Nearly 80% of live births were delivered by cesarean section. UAE produces fewer complications than hysterectomy in women with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Side effects do occur, however, and a significant proportion of women require further treatment for fibroid symptoms. Both hysterectomy and UAE seem to be safe and effective over the medium term.
Capsule Endoscopy-Where Are We at 2011 and Where Are We Headed?

󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏 Since its introduction over 10 years ago, capsule endoscopy has become an important investigational tool of small bowel, and thereafter of esophageal and colonic pathologies. Over the years, 2nd generation capsules were developed for all three sites, as was a non-video 2nd generation agile patency capsule to confirm functional patency of the GI tract. Three additional competitive small bowel video capsules have been introduced as well (EndoCapsule, Miro capsule and the OMOM capsule). The present review will describe the available capsules in the market, the procedure itself, present indications and future expectations. (Intest Res 2012;10:235-243) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏
Osmolarity Determines the Solubility of Anesthetics in Aqueous Solutions at 37°C

: The authors determined whether they could predict accurately the solubility of anesthetics in aqueous solutions at 37 degrees C, knowing the osmolarity and the pH of the solution and the solute composition. The partition coefficients of the four volatile anesthetics, isoflurane, enflurane, halothane, and methoxyflurane, were determined concurrently at 37 degrees C between air and aqueous solutions containing sodium chloride, dextrose, mannitol, or heparin. The osmolarities of these solutions ranged from 0 to 7,000 mOsm/l. The partition coefficients decreased linearly with increasing osmolarity when plotted on a semilogarithmic scale. The effect of osmolarity on the partition coefficient of the alkane anesthetic, halothane, was 20% less (P less than 0.001) than the effect of osmolarity on the partition coefficients of the three methyl-ethyl ether anesthetics, isoflurane, enflurane, and methoxyflurane. The solubility of anesthetics in aqueous solutions did not depend on either the molecular structure of the solute or the pH of the solution. The solubility of volatile anesthetics in aqueous solutions at 37 degrees C is inversely and predictably dependent on the osmolarity of the solutions.
ICM—A new method for protein modeling and design: Applications to docking and structure prediction from the distorted native conformation

An efficient methodology, further referred to as ICM, for versatile modeling operations and global energy optimization on arbitrarily fixed multimolecular systems is described. It is aimed at protein structure prediction, homology modeling, molecular docking, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure determination, and protein design. The method uses and further develops a previously introduced approach to model biomolecular structures in which bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles are considered as independent variables, any subset of them being fixed. Here we simplify and generalize the basic description of the system, introduce the variable dihedral phase angle, and allow arbitrary connections of the molecules and conventional definition of the torsion angles. Algorithms for calculation of energy derivatives with respect to internal variables in the topological tree of the system and for rapid evaluation of accessible surface are presented. Multidimensional variable restraints are proposed to represent the statistical information about the torsion angle distributions in proteins. To incorporate complex energy terms as solvation energy and electrostatics into a structure prediction procedure, a “double‐energy” Monte Carlo minimization procedure in which these terms are omitted during the minimization stage of the random step and included for the comparison with the previous conformation in a Markov chain is proposed and justified. The ICM method is applied successfully to a molecular docking problem. The procedure finds the correct parallel arrangement of two rigid helixes from a leucine zipper domain as the lowest‐energy conformation (0.5 Å root mean square, rms, deviation from the native structure) starting from completely random configuration. Structures with antiparallel helixes or helixes staggered by one helix turn had energies higher by about 7 or 9 kcal/mol, respectively. Soft docking was also attempted. A docking procedure allowing side‐chain flexibility also converged to the parallel configuration starting from the helixes optimized individually. To justdy an internal coordinate approach to the structure prediction as opposed to a Cartesian one, energy hypersurfaces around the native structure of the squash seeds trypsin inhibitor were studied. Torsion angle minimization from the optimal conformation randomly distorted up to the rms deviation of 2.2 Å or angular rms deviation of l0° restored the native conformation in most cases. In contrast, Cartesian coordinate minimization did not reach the minimum from deviations as small as 0.3 Å or 2°. We conclude that the most promising detailed approach to the protein‐folding problem would consist of some coarse global sampling strategy combined with the local energy minimization in the torsion coordinate space. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Resultados na qualidade de vida em longo prazo de crianças submetidas à adenoidectomia/adenotonsilectomia por distúrbios obstrutivos do sono

Os Disturbios Obstrutivos do Sono (DOS) afetam significativamente a populacao pediatrica. Neste grupo, sua principal etiologia e a hiperplasia adenotonsilar, sendo adenoidectomia ou adenotonsilectomia indicadas para tratamento, reversao de sequelas e melhora na qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar qualidade de vida de criancas com DOS apos adenoidectomia/adenotonsilectomia. CASUISTICA E METODO: Realizou-se estudo tipo prospectivo com 48 criancas, entre 2 e 11 anos, apresentando DOS e hiperplasia adenotonsilar obstrutiva com indicacao cirurgica. Aplicou-se o questionario OSA18 sobre qualidade de vida aos cuidadores destas criancas antes da cirurgia, cerca de trinta dias e com pelo menos onze meses apos o procedimento. Pontuacoes elevadas no escore significam pior qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: No pre-operatorio, o escore OSA18 medio foi 82,83 (DP=12,57), com nota global media para a qualidade de vida de 6,04 (DP=1,66). Na avaliacao pos-operatoria inicial, obteve-se escore OSA18 de 34,3(DP=9,95) e nota global de 9,6 (DP=0,81), ambos tendo reducao significativa (p<0,001). Na avaliacao pos-operatoria tardia, entre 11 e 30 meses (media=16,85,DP=5,16), trinta e quatro (70,83%) criancas foram reavaliadas, obtendo-se escore OSA18 de 35,44(DP=19,95) e nota global de 9,28 (DP=1,78). Nao houve diferenca significativa entre as avaliacoes pos-operatorias. CONCLUSAO: A cirurgia promoveu melhora na qualidade de vida das criancas com DOS, mantendo-se esta em longo prazo.