Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Study against Bacterial Isolates from Different Patients

Tooth decay is considered the most widespread infectious disease in the world. This study aims to isolate and identify the important bacteria related to tooth decay, determine the sensitivity of bacteria in certain types of antimicrobial agents, and study the effect of heavy metals and virulence factors on oral bacterial isolates. A total of 50 swabs were collected from the mouths of patients from both gender, with ages ranging from 1–60 years. The patients were advised to consult with dental clinics and specialized centers to isolate and identify the causative agents associated with oral diseases. Results showed that infection rates in younger age groups (1–20 and 20–40) are higher than the elder group (40–60), with percent incidence of 44% and 32%, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity test against the isolates showed that chloramphenicol had the highest sensitivity effect with 83.2% followed by rifampicin and gentamicin with 81.35%, penicillin G with 64.40%, and streptomycin with 16.94% Also, these differences were found have lower effect for isolates against (10) heavy metals, where it showed resistance to Iron 3.38%, then nickel, aluminum, copper, lead to 20.33%, 22.03%, 27.11%, 28.81% respectively, also sliver shown 57.62%. And, this similarity were found have sensitive to antimony and chromium 61.01%. while appeared sensitivity to mercury and cadmium by 100, 86.44. Hemolysin had the highest ability to produce virulence factors (72.88%), followed by lecithinase (42.37%) and protease (25.42%). Lipase and urease had the lowest virulence factor production (10.16%).
Problems in English Communicating Skills for Learners of English

This paper is devoted to presenting the methods in English communicating skills for Learners of English in general and the problems specific to University of Bahri. English language major’s graduates then; it discusses the notion of communicative competence, and defines strategic competence. It also briefly deals with the various definitions of communication strategies and taxonomies of conversation strategies. Also, I give brief definition of the word conversation, that is the act of talking together or exchange ideas, opinions, skills, and information. As accustomed, speaking is natural and automatic but communication is an art which must be learned and practiced. Also the aim of this paper is to present you with suitable suggestions about how you can solve problems while reading English? In order to comply with this objective: we considered two variables. The first one is that within our daily practice at the university we have students with different abilities while reading English. Therefore, we need to help them increase the ability in reading comprehension. However, we don’t have enough teachers and needed resources to supply them with the help they need. The second variable is related to the fact that at University there are different centers where the students’ skills can improve and their reading comprehension skills deficiencies could be overcome by getting help from the teachers. This study is small component of a larger curriculum review exercise. The findings of study in general suggest that both students and English language lecturers were in agreement that Sudanese students had a problem in writing and speaking English and due to that the conversational problems are raised. Finally, the paper concludes by representing the pedagogical implications of conversation strategies.
Internal versus External control of reinforcement; where do Nigeria Science students belong?

This study investigates science students’ locus of control orientation in view of the need to redress the present status-quo of abysmal performance in science in the light of substantive claims that students’ locus of control orientation is a germane factor contributing to underachievement in science. The study is a descriptive survey type of research. Two research questions were posed. The sample was made of two hundred (200) Junior Secondary School III students (100 Boys and 100 girls, with mean age of 14.2years) in Akwa South Local Government area of Anambra state, Nigeria. Data was collected by means of a Locus Of Control Scale (LOCS, ? = 0.84) containing 14 items to which respondents were to indicate their degree of Agreement or otherwise on a 4 – point scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). Findings revealed that of the 200 respondents, 126 (63%) have internal locus of control while the remaining 74 (37%) are external. Also, of the 126 Internal Locus of control respondents, 42.9% are boys while the remaining 57.1% are girls. This shows that girls are more internally oriented than boys. It was recommended among others that Science teachers and parents should endeavour to re-orientate students especially boys to believe that they can control the events that affect them, more so since such events result primarily from their own behavior and actions. Keywords: Internal, External, Control, Reinforcement, Science, Students
Modeling the Technology and Bias Dependence of the Overlap Resistance in a MOS Transistor

A mathematical model to approximate the behavior of the overlap-resistance in the source and drain of a MOS Transistor (MOST), is introduced. The proposed model is based on the physics of semiconductors from which a mathematical function is generated by fltting numerical data computed from its associated equations. Based on this function, a small-signal model is proposed, where the technology and bias dependence of the overlap resistance is included.
INS/GPS Navigation System Based on MEMS Technologies

The integrated navigation systems are widely used in all aspects of life, i.e. in various civilian and military applications. In the last twenty years, most of the attention in this area has been directed toward the use of low-cost sensors, which are characterized by the low accuracy. Therefore, many algorithms have been developed in order to implement inertial sensor errors damping, which are based on the integration of inertial sensors with the external sources of information (GPS receivers, magnetometers, barometers,.) or mathematical models developed for self damping of inertial sensors errors. This paper propose specific method of gyroscope drift compensation by using PI controller based on the magnetometer measurements, and also the method of errors compensation in the horizontal channel of navigation system by using the adaptive control signals. The experimental results obtained for the here proposed solutions, which are presented in this paper, confirmed the possibility of successful application of these solutions in the real-world environment.
Working Paper Series The safe asset frontier

We identify the frontier between safe and unsafe assets and show how the growth rate of the economy and its fiscal capacity interact with differences of opinion amongst investors to determine the safe asset equilibrium. Multiple equilibria emerge in our set-up due to strategic complementarities across counterparties, and the safety of the bond depends on the extent to which investors’ opinions diverge from the credit rating of the asset.
Implementasi Zero Knowledge Proof Menggunakan Protokol

Abstract— Cryptography is known for it’s ability to protect confidential information, but it can also be used for other purposes. One of them is for identity verification or authentication. One of the biggest disadvantages of traditional authencation method is at the end of the session, the verifier knows about secrets which is supposed to be known only by prover. In this paper, we implemented a ZeroKnowledge Proof-based secret ticket verification system using Feige Fiat Shamir protocol. The goal of this system is to help prover identified themselves to the verifier, but also prevent the verifier to understand anything about the prover’s secret information. The system is also able to prevent ticket duplication or double-use of tickets by using an interactive proof verification method. By combining it with cryptography, not only we can achieve completeness and soundness property of Zero-Knowledge Proof, but we can also achieve information security property.
Improvement and popularization of diversified cassava products for income generation and food security: a case study of Kibabu.

Kibabu is a traditional, plain, deep fried cassava product prepared from cassava paste. It was noticed in Muheza district, Tanzania, to be nutrient-deficient as it was prepared from plain cassava that was only mixed with onions, and then deep fried. There was also room to improve its acceptability for wider dissemination. A study was conducted to improve nutrient content and palatability of traditional Kibabu , using 80 % cassava and other staple mixture and 20 % onion-garlic (flavour improver). Laboratory analysis and sensory evaluation were conducted on Kibabu from each of the formulations. Results showed that use of groundnuts and soybeans improved the nutritive value. Incorporation of coconut in the formulation improved palatability of Kibabu significantly (P Kibabu was poor in nutrients and rich in energy but once blended with groundnuts or soybean, the nutrient content improved greatly. The dry matter of the formulated product ranged from 70.36 to 90.34 %. On dry weight basis, the nutrient content was as follows: crude protein, 1.21-19.69 %; fat, 6.74 - 41.51 % and ash content, 1.96 - 12.45 %. The fibre content ranged from 5.46 - 25.85 %, with coconut contributing most to this increase. The improvement resulting from blending with coconut was not outstanding except for fat and protein but palatability improved significantly (P Kibabu . Being a food security crop that could benefit many households in the country, both as food and income source, diversification of uses of cassava is essential. There is therefore, need to promote these paste products for use as snack foods for adults and children, and for income generation. However, care should be taken on nutrient status if Kibabu is intended for child feeding. Popularization and promotion work need to target areas that use cassava within and outside the study districts. Keywords : cassava, paste products, Kibabu , acceptability African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development Vol. 6(1) 2006
Teacher and Lay Participation in Local Curriculum Change Considerations.

This study examines the roles of teachers and citizens in decision-making related to curriculum planning and change. Interviews were conducted with persons involved in curriculum decision-making in 39 school districts in order to ascertain how they determined whether or not to make elementary-level curriculum changes. The rational and political aspects of'this process were analyzed, as well as patterns of participation by teachers and laymen. , The study revealed that a variety of curriculum change processes exist in these different districts. Both teacher and citizen participation has increased across the past fey years, although citizens participate less frequently in curriculum decisions, than teachers. The participation of both groups, however, has generally been superficiali and the major decisions are still usually made by higher authorities. The study also revealed that confl'ct tends to increase participation, to enhance rationality, and t democratize political aspects of curriculum change. Because bo h teachers and laymen have certain restrictions on the time and energy they can devote to decisioa-making, they should be provided with better mechanisms and forums for their involvement. (luthor/DS)
Polythionate degradation by tetrathionate hydrolase of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Cell-free extracts of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown with thiosulfate as energy source and prepared at high ammonium sulfate concentrations and at low pH are capable of polythionate hydrolysis. The enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of tetrathionate (S4O2- 6) and pentathionate (S4O2- 6) was purified to homogeneity. Enzyme activity during the purification procedure was based on a continuous spectrophotometric method that detects soluble intermediates that absorb in the UV region. The end products of hydrolysis of both polythionates by the pure enzyme were thiosulfate, sulfur and sulfate. The purified enzyme has a pH optimum of around 4 and a temperature optimum of 65 �. The activity is strongly influenced by the presence of sulfate ions. The purified enzyme is a dimer with two identical subunits of molecular mass 52 kDa. During purification of tetrathionate hydrolase, fractions able to hydrolyse trithionate and tetrathionate were separated, indicating that the two substrates are hydrolysed by different enzymes.
Purification and Regulation of a Cloned Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Glutamine Synthetase

Summary: Glutamine synthetase (GS) (EC 6.3.1.2) was purified from an Escherichia coli glnA deletion containing the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans GS structural gene. The apparent M r of the cloned Thiobacillus ferrooxidans GS subunit was approximately 60 000. This indicates a particle M r for the undissociated enzyme of 720 000, assuming the enzyme is the typical dodecamer. Electron microscopy of of purified GS revealed characteristic disc shaped molecules with central holes. The cloned T. ferrooxidans GS was regulated by Mg2+or Mn2+, adenylylation, and nitrogen source but was not affected by feedback modifiers. The GS has a γ-glutamyltransferase isoactivity point of pH 7·71.
Social Psychology: The Seduction of Consumers

In this chapter, we investigate the recent situation concerning the seduction of consumers by advertising and the media. A new plethora of media-organised conglomerates is attempting to monopolise our attention and steer our emotions, opinions and choices towards increased consumption through imposed wants in the interest of gross profits for a semi-invisiblised few. Herein we consider: the colonisation of public places (advertising), the work/spend cycle, increased work at the cost of leisure; impression management, status-conscious and conspicuous consumption, reflective versus pre-reflective thinking in consumer choices, the early recruitment of children, how human emotions can become the fuel of overconsumption, classbased emotions and fashion consumption, obsessions with body image, the evasion and silencing of criticism by the corporate media. The approach is one founded in critical theory a perspective that describes the individual as reciprocally constituted by the society in which she lives, rather than as a passive entity existing prior to socialisation. It seeks to reveal the seduction of our subjectivities (running marketing strategies ‘from within’) as contrasted with the value-free, ‘objective’ approach of much contemporary social psychology. Contemporary theoreticians in sociology and consumer studies, including Pierre Bourdieu and Juliet Schor, are cited along with deeper philosophical perspectives from the earlier philosopher, Jean-Paul Sartre, complete with references from contemporary books and journals. John G. Wilson Assumption University, Thailand
Potential role of interferon-lambda in the treatment of inflammation and cancer: an update

Correspondence: Markus F Neurath Professor of Medicine, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, D-91054 erlangen, Germany Tel +91 31 85 35000 Fax +91 31 85 35209 email markus.neurath@uk-erlangen.de Abstract: The interferon (IFN) family comprises various cytokines with potent responses against RNA and DNA viruses as well as antitumor activities. A recently identified interferon subgroup consists of the so-called lambda interferons with several members, including IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, and IFN-λ3 (also denoted interleukin [IL]-29, IL28-A, and IL28-B). They represent a newly identified group of the class II cytokine family. While they are functionally related to type I IFNs, they are structurally related to the IL-10 cytokine family. The lambda IFNs signal through a cytokine receptor complex which is unique for IL-28 and IL-29, designated IL-28Rα, and a second chain, the IL-10R2, which is shared with receptors for IL-10 related cytokines such as IL-22 and IL-10. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the relationship between type I and type III IFN signaling as well as their antiviral and antitumor activity. A better understanding of the functional role of IFN-λ in viral infections and immune responses in innate and adaptive immunity opens new therapeutical approaches for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
An Empirical study of the JaMoPP project using code coverage based system tests

syntax tree has 100% coverage for most elements of this component including private, protected even though the only modifiers used in the HelloWorld class are public and static. In all the tests that were run during the testing phrase, even though in the abstract syntax tree all the modifiers got 100% coverage, the highest the results ever got within the parser is 62.4% which is the same as the result achieved by the public keyword in this test. Figure 10: Graph of the coverage results for the parser and AST for the modifier component of the Java language. The next round of tests will focus on testing the JaMoPP project using source code from software development books. The idea behind these tests is that these books teach Java from the ground up and would cover all the basics of the Java language. This would include the String class, loops and programming control flow, generics and collections and modifiers etc. Test Name No Tests Passed Failed Errors Parser AST HeadFirst 116 98 18 0 45.3% 40.6% Sams 212 196 16 0 46.8% 41.7% Game 374 222 152 0 51.3% 42.7% Nutshell 78 63 15 0 47.4% 41.1% 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00% 120.00%
The effect of Aluminum on the increasing risk of developing anemia among workers of tile production plants

Background and aims: The aluminum-containing compounds are used as glaze in tile and ceramic production plants. It means that the workers working in these plants are in direct exposure to aluminum-containing compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the potential damages caused by aluminum among tile plant workers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 workers whom were in direct exposure to glazing material were enrolled as case group and 112 workers whose jobs were different from the case group and who had no exposure to the chemical materials in tile plants were considered as control group. After taking fasting blood samples, it was performed cell count tests using an automated blood cell counter. Serum iron and liver function test were measured using auto analyzer. Serum aluminum measurement was done by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and ferritin was measured by ELISA. Results: The serum aluminum level was significantly higher in the case group (7.26±2.63) than the control group (5.48±1.75) (P 0.05). Conclusion: Occupational exposure to aluminum in tile production industries could increase the serum aluminum level but may decrease blood hemoglobin concentration, which is a predisposing factor for anemia possibly through intervening in blood iron and ferritin.
Undergraduates' familiarity with and preference for Arabic music in comparison with other world music

This study examined undergraduate, non-music majors’ familiarity with and preference for Arabic music as compared to other world music. Several factors were examined to assess their effect on music preference including familiarity, musical characteristics, and student characteristics. Study participants included 203 undergraduate, non-music majors enrolled in six sections of music appreciation classes. Participants were divided into Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups ranging from 18 to 42 years of age. Music excerpts from Africa (Congo), Latin America (Mexico), Asia (Japan), and the Middle East (Kuwait) were used as examples of different world music. Arabic music was introduced as a new factor in this study that had not been explored in previous research. Knowing about students’ familiarity and preference for Arabic music may help in understanding the ramifications of its inclusion in music programs, and the proper method of introducing it to the students in the classroom. Participants listened to 12 musical excerpts and completed the WMFPT questionnaire. Results indicated that participants were not familiar with the world music excerpts, but did like the excerpts to a moderate degree. Significant positive relationships were found between preference and familiarity, within preference ratings, and within familiarity ratings. The most influential musical characteristics in liking world music were rhythm, tempo, and timbre, with rhythm being the most influential. Participants’ background seems to have no significant relationship with either familiarity or preference. Results revealed that playing a musical instrument, musical training, and previous exposure to music of other cultures significantly affected preference and familiarity ratings.
Microbiological, physicochemical and genotoxicological assessment of tobacco wastewater

Tobacco wastewater contains many toxic chemical compounds, which may have adverse impact on the environment and human health. To study the toxicity or genotoxic potential of the wastewater, biological tests, such as Ames Salmonella test and SOS Chromotest test were employed. The variability of the results obtained from the entire tests, show a correlation of mutagenic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses were also carried out. The wastewater contained a large number of bacteria: (9.78 X 107 ± 2.00 X 107) and fungi: (3.83 X 104 ± 1.10 X 104). Microorganisms isolated from this study are Staphylococcus cohnii, Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, Propionibacterium acne, Proteus vulgaris, Vibrio vulnificus, Penicillium sp. , Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Rhodotorula glutinis. These microorganisms have been linked with varieties of diseases in living organisms. Physicochemical analysis of the wastewater shows that it contained constituents that can induce mutation in living systems. The synergy of all the tests from this study unequivocally confirms that the tobacco wastewater is highly toxic to living organisms. Drastic measures must be taken by tobacco industries to integrate the knowledge and the control of their wastewaters in infection and environmental pollution regulatory programs.