Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing for Intermediate Traces in theProcessing of Long-Distance Wh-Dependencies in English as a SecondLanguage

A body of research argues that unlike native speakers (NSs), non-native speakers (NNSs) cannot access a structural reflex during sentence processing and rely instead on shallow structures dependent on lexical-thematic information and context (Clahsen & Felser, 2006a, b; Papadopoulou & Clahsen, 2003; Felser, Roberts, Gross, & Marinis, 2003; Marinis, Roberts, Felser & Clahsen, 2005; Felser & Roberts, 2007). Thus, in experiments examining ambiguous relative clause attachment in structures of the type N1 of N2 RC, Dussias (2001, 2003) for second language (L2) Spanish, Papadopoulou and Clahsen (2003) for L2 Greek, and Felser, Roberts, Gross, and Marinis (2003) for L2 English, noted that their L2 learner groups showed no attachment preferences in the reading times of the disambiguating segment unlike the native groups. They argued that lack of L1 effects or convergence revealed an inability of NNSs to rely on syntactic information in disambiguation. In contrast, FrenckMestre (2002) found L1 effects and convergence on target in English-French and Spanish-French comparisons. Focusing on interactions of context and prosody with syntax, Dekydtspotter, Donaldson, Edmonds, Liljestrand Fultz and Petrush (2008) found evidence of autonomous reflexes in the processing of RC. This challenges the Shallow Structure Hypothesis. Marinis, Roberts, Felser, and Clahsen (2005) and Felser and Roberts (2007) point to the presence/absence of movement trace as a sort of trace-theoretic litmus test in adjudicating the nature of L2 sentence processing. Indeed, a body of processing evidence points to traces in L1 processing of long distance dependencies (Bever & McElree, 1988; Frazier & Clifton, 1989; Gibson & Warren, 2004; Love & Swinney, 1996; Nicol & Swinney, 1989). Psycholinguistic research reveals evidence suggesting that a long-distance dependency between a filler and a gap inside an embedded clause as in (1a) requires cyclic movement crucially implicating traces, i.e. copies of moved expressions, as in (1b) (Gibson & Warren, 2004).
Supporting Management Decisions by Using Artificial Neural Networks for Exchange Rate Prediction

Management Information Systems are meant to create methods for data management, leading to better decision making. By designing, implementing and using business information systems in innovative ways, the effectiveness and efficiency of every-day activities significantly increases. In the context of uncertainty and high volatilities resulted from the extended crisis, the economic environment became unpredictable, impeding business practitioners from correctly assessing the risks of their activities. These volatilities affected also the evolution of exchange rates, emphasizing even more their nonlinear nature that makes them difficult to model using traditional estimation methods. This paper highlights the benefits of using advanced systems such as Artificial Neural Networks, which provide good solutions to nonlinear problems, guiding business activities in an efficient manner. Different types of Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks are compared in this study, based on results obtained in predicting EUR/RON exchange rate.
OPTICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION MEASUREMENTS FOR TECHNICALLY PREMIXED

This paper deals with a novel approach for measuring thermo-acoustic transfer functions. These transfer functions are essential to predict the acoustic behavior of gas turbine combustion systems. Thermoacoustic prediction has become an essential step in the development process of low-NOx combustion systems. The proposed method is particularly useful in harsh environments. It makes use of simultaneous measurement of the chemiluminescence of different species in order to obtain the heat release fluctuations via an inverse method. Generally, the heat release fluctuation has two contributions: one due to equivalence ratio fluctuations, the other due to modulations of mass flow of mixture entering the reaction zone. Because the chemiluminescence of one single species depends differently on the two contributions, it is not possible to quantitatively estimate the heat based on this information. Measurement of the transfer matrix based on a purely acoustic method provides quantitative results, independent of the nature of the interaction mechanism. However, this method is difficult to apply in industrial full-scale experiments. The method developed in this work uses the chemiluminescence time traces of several species. After calibration, an over-determined inverse method is used to calculate the two heat release contributions from the time traces. The optical method proposed here has the advantage that it does not only provide quantitative heat release fluctuations, but it also quantifies the underlying physical mechanisms that cause the heat release fluctuations: it 1 shows what part of the heat release is caused by equivalence ratio fluctuations and what part by flame front dynamics. The method has been tested on a full scale, swirl stabilized gas turbine burner. Comparison with a purely acoustic method validated the concept
Bmserpin2 Is Involved in BmNPV Infection by Suppressing Melanization in Bombyx mori

Melanization, an important defense response, plays a vital role in arthropod immunity. It is mediated by serine proteases (SPs) that convert the inactive prophenoloxidase (PPO) to active phenoloxidase (PO) and is tightly regulated by serine protease inhibitors (serpins) which belong to a well distributed superfamily in invertebrates, participating in immune mechanisms and other important physiological processes. Here, we investigated the Bmserpin2 gene which was identified from a transcriptome database in response to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that Bmserpin2 was expressed in all tissues, with maximum expression in fat body. Upon BmNPV infection, the expression of Bmserpin2 was up-regulated in P50 (susceptible strain) and BC9 (resistant strain) in haemocytes, fat body and the midgut. However, up-regulation was delayed in BC9 (48 or 72 h), in contrast to P50 (24 h), after BmNPV infection. Meanwhile, Bmserpin2 could delay or inhibit melanization in silkworm haemolymph. Significant increased PO activity can be observed in Bmserpin2-depleted haemolymph under NPV infection. Furthermore, the viral genomic DNA copy number was decreased in Bmserpin2-depleted haemolymph. We conclude that Bmserpin2 is an inducible gene which might be involved in the regulation of PPO activation and suppressed melanization, and have a potential role in the innate immune system of B. mori.
The heavily polluted atmosphere of the DAZ white dwarf GALEX J193156.8+011745

We report on the discovery of a new heavily polluted white dwarf. The DAZ white dwarf GALEX J193156.8+011745 was identified in a joint Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX)/GSC survey of ultraviolet-excess objects. Optical spectra obtained at ESO New Technology Telescope show strong absorption lines of magnesium and silicon, and a detailed abundance analysis based on Very Large Telescope-Kueyen UVES spectra reveal super-solar abundances of silicon and magnesium and near-solar abundances of oxygen, calcium and iron. The overall abundance pattern bears the signature of on-going accretion on to the white dwarf atmosphere. The infrared spectral energy distribution shows an excess in the H and K bands likely associated with the accretion source.
Dual Analysis of Loss to Follow-up for Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Asia.

BACKGROUND Perinatally HIV-infected adolescents (PHIVA) are an expanding population vulnerable to loss to follow-up (LTFU). Understanding the epidemiology and factors for LTFU is complicated by varying LTFU definitions. SETTING Asian regional cohort incorporating 16 pediatric HIV services across 6 countries. METHODS Data from PHIVA (aged 10-19 years) who received combination antiretroviral therapy 2007-2016 were used to analyze LTFU through (1) an International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) method that determined LTFU as >90 days late for an estimated next scheduled appointment without returning to care and (2) the absence of patient-level data for >365 days before the last data transfer from clinic sites. Descriptive analyses and competing-risk survival and regression analyses were used to evaluate LTFU epidemiology and associated factors when analyzed using each method. RESULTS Of 3509 included PHIVA, 275 (7.8%) met IeDEA and 149 (4.3%) met 365-day absence LTFU criteria. Cumulative incidence of LTFU was 19.9% and 11.8% using IeDEA and 365-day absence criteria, respectively. Risk factors for LTFU across both criteria included the following: age at combination antiretroviral therapy initiation <5 years compared with age ≥5 years, rural clinic settings compared with urban clinic settings, and high viral loads compared with undetectable viral loads. Age 10-14 years compared with age 15-19 years was another risk factor identified using 365-day absence criteria but not IeDEA LTFU criteria. CONCLUSIONS Between 12% and 20% of PHIVA were determined LTFU with treatment fatigue and rural treatment settings consistent risk factors. Better tracking of adolescents is required to provide a definitive understanding of LTFU and optimize evidence-based models of care.
Methylmercury Epigenetics

Methylmercury (MeHg) has conventionally been investigated for effects on nervous system development. As such, epigenetic modifications have become an attractive mechanistic target, and research on MeHg and epigenetics has rapidly expanded in the past decade. Although, these inquiries are a recent advance in the field, much has been learned in regards to MeHg-induced epigenetic modifications, particularly in the brain. In vitro and in vivo controlled exposure studies illustrate that MeHg effects microRNA (miRNA) expression, histone modifications, and DNA methylation both globally and at individual genes. Moreover, some effects are transgenerationally inherited, as organisms not directly exposed to MeHg exhibited biological and behavioral alterations. miRNA expression generally appears to be downregulated consequent to exposure. Further, global histone acetylation also seems to be reduced, persist at distinct gene promoters, and is contemporaneous with enhanced histone methylation. Moreover, global DNA methylation appears to decrease in brain-derived tissues, but not in the liver; however, selected individual genes in the brain are hypermethylated. Human epidemiological studies have also identified hypo- or hypermethylated individual genes, which correlated with MeHg exposure in distinct populations. Intriguingly, several observed epigenetic modifications can be correlated with known mechanisms of MeHg toxicity. Despite this knowledge, however, the functional consequences of these modifications are not entirely evident. Additional research will be necessary to fully comprehend MeHg-induced epigenetic modifications and the impact on the toxic response.
Preoperative vascular mapping for anterolateral thigh flap surgeries: A clinical trial of photoacoustic tomography imaging

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a noninvasive vascular imaging modality that uses near‐infrared pulse laser beams and ultrasound (US) to visualize vessels. We previously demonstrated the utility of PAT for visualizing anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforators in a clinical study of 10 thighs in 5 healthy adults. Evaluation of the correlation between PAT and US findings showed that PAT had comparable diagnostic potential but was superior in visualizing subcutaneous microvessels; however, there was no comparison with intraoperative findings. In this study, we used a newly developed technique to transfer a PAT image to a body‐attachable transparent sheet to compare PAT and intraoperative findings.
Expression of ZAP-70 3 . 1 Expression of ZAP-70 in T and B cells

Initially, CLL was considered as a homogeneous disease caused by the accumulation of functionally incompetent B lymphocytes carrying no mutations in the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IgVH) genes. However, further studies by Schroeder and Dighiero suggested that IgVH genes may be mutated in CLL (Schroeder & Dighiero 1994). This report changed the general view of CLL and gained even more significance when the mutational status of the IgVH genes was linked to the prognosis of the patients in two independent studies (Damle et al. 1999, Hamblin et al. 1999). These studies showed for the first time that patients with CLL cells expressing unmutated IgVH genes presented with a more aggressive disease and shorter survival than those with cells carrying mutated IgVH genes. Determination of the mutational status of the IgVH genes in CLL patients became of great interest, but even today remains difficult to carry out in most medical centers since the technique is laborious, expensive and time-consuming. Therefore many efforts have been made to identify possible surrogate markers with the same prognostic value as the mutation status. In 2001, two independent groups published their studies in which they compared the gene expression profiles for IgVH mutated versus unmutated CLL cells. Because, the description of the two groups of CLL with markedly different prognosis prompted the idea that CLL consisted of two different entities originating from either naive or memory cells, it was unexpected that only a few differentially expressed genes were found (Rosenwald et al. 2001, Klein et al. 2001). Among them, ZAP-70 appeared to be one of the most significant (Rosenwald et al. 2001). Subsequently, the correlation of ZAP-70 expression with the mutational status of the IgVH genes was assessed in larger series of CLL patients, where ZAP-70 was mostly found expressed in unmutated CLL (reviewed in (Van Bockstaele et al. 2009)). Further clinical studies revealed that ZAP-70 was also an independent prognostic marker (Bosch et al. 2006). There were several attempts to standardize the determination of ZAP-70 expression by flow cytometry (Crespo et al. 2003, Wang et al. 2011, Van Bockstaele et al. 2006). Although, a successful standardized procedure was put forward by the European Research Initiative on CLL (ERIC), the determination and interpretation of ZAP70 remains difficult (Letestu et al. 2006) and optimalization is still ongoing.
Frequency-domain multichannel optical detector for noninvasive tissue spectroscopy and oximetry

We have designed a multisource frequency-domain spectrometer for the optical study of biological tissues. Eight multiplexed, intensity-modulated LEDs are employed as the light sources. Four of them emit light at a peak wavelength of 715 nm (λ1); the other four, 850 nm (λ2). The frequency of intensity modulation is 120 MHz. This instrument measures the frequency-domain parameters phase, dc intensity, and ac amplitude at the two wavelengths λ1 and λ2 and for different distances between light source and detector. From these frequency-domain raw data, the absolute values of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissue at λ1 and λ2 are obtained. The oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations, and hence the hemoglobin saturation, are then analytically derived from the molar extinction coefficients. Acquisition times as short as hundreds of milliseconds provide real-time monitoring of the measured parameters. We performed a systematic test in vitro to quantify the precision and accuracy of the instrument reading. We also report in vivo measurements. This spectrometer can be packaged as a compact portable unit.
The effect of travel distance on health-related quality of life for patients with nephrolithiasis.

INTRODUCTION Urolithiasis causes a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Patients with kidney stones have high levels of stress and anxiety. Symptom resolution often requires treatment. Travel distance is a barrier to care but little is known about its effects on HRQOL. We hypothesize that increased distance to treatment site is associated with decreased HRQOL. METHODS Patients with a history of stones were enrolled at 11 tertiary centers as part of the QOL Stone Consortium of North America. HRQOL data were obtained using the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life questionnaire (WISQOL). We calculated distance between patient and treatment site using national ZIP codes. We used linear models to evaluate the effect of distance on HRQOL, while also considering demographics data, stones/symptom status, and distance. RESULTS Of the 1676 enrolled patients, 52% were male, 86% non-Latino White, and the mean age was 53 years. Mean distance to treatment site was 63.3 km (range: 0-3774), with 74% reporting current stones and 45% current symptoms. WISQOL score and distance were negatively correlated for patients reporting current stones and symptoms (p=0.0010). Linear modelling revealed decreased WISQOL scores for patients with symptoms as distance increased from treatment site (p=0.0001), with a 4.7-point decrease for every 100 km traveled. CONCLUSIONS Stone disease imposes significant burden on patients' HRQOL due to a variety of factors. Patients with active stone symptoms report worse HRQOL with increased distance to their treatment site. Possible etiologies include travel burden, increased disease burden, decreased healthcare use, and delays in care.
Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii subsp. demodicis is the endobacterium of Demodex folliculorum

Demodex spp. mites are the most complex member of the human skin microbiome. Mostly they are commensals, although their pathophysiological role in inflammatory dermatoses is recognized. Demodex mites cannot be cultivated in vitro, so only little is known about their life cycle, biology and physiology. Different bacterial species have been suggested to be the endobacterium of Demodex mites, including Bacillus oleronius, B. simplex, B. cereus and B. pumilus.
In silico identification of microRNAs as candidate colorectal cancer biomarkers

The involvement of microRNA in cancers plays a significant role in their pathogenesis. Specific expressions of these non-coding RNAs also serve as biomarkers for early colorectal cancer diagnosis, but their laboratory/molecular identification is challenging and expensive. The aim of this study was to identify potential microRNAs for colorectal cancer diagnosis using in silico approach. Sequence similarity search was employed to obtain the candidate microRNA from the datasets, and three target prediction software were employed to determine their target genes. To determine the involvement of these microRNAs in colorectal cancer, the microRNA gene list obtained was used alongside with colorectal cancer expressed genes from gbCRC and CoReCG databases for gene intersection analysis. The involvement of these genes in the cancer subtype was further strengthened with the DAVID database. KEGG and Gene Ontology were used for the pathway and functional analysis, while STRING was employed for the interactions of protein network and further visualized by Cytoscape. The cBioPortal database was used to prioritize the target genes; prognostic and expression analysis were finally performed on the candidate microRNAs and the prioritized targets. This study, therefore, identified five candidate microRNAs, two hub genes (CTNNB1 and epidermal growth factor receptor), and seven significant target genes associated with colorectal cancer. The molecular validation studies are ongoing to ascertain the biological fitness of these findings.
Delirium in the ICU patient

Delirium is a life threatening syndrome, affecting 11-87% of critically ill patients [1]. The reported prevalence rate of ICU delirium in cardiovascular surgery patients is up to 42% [2]. Delirium after cardiac surgery is associated with a significantly increased mortality rate and significantly reduced cognitive functioning even 6 months after discharge from hospital [3]. Therefore, delirium should be assessed routinely with a validated delirium score [4]. A randomized controlled study in cardiac surgery patients revealed that the administration of ketamine during induction of anaesthesia, significantly reduced delirium [5] and post-operative cognitive dysfunction [6]. Furthermore, risperidone, in patients who experienced subsyndromal delirium after onpump cardiac surgery, significantly reduced the incidence of delirium [7]. However, delirium management can only have a lasting effect of patients outcome if it is accompanied by combined awakening and breathing coordinations with target-based sedation and analgesia [8].
The range of atlanto‐occipital joint motion in cetaceans reflects their feeding behavior

The cetaceans display a wide variety of lifestyles, especially with regard to their feeding behavior. However, the evolutionary process of the feeding behavior in cetaceans is still poorly understood, in part because reconstructing the feeding behavior of extinct taxa remains difficult. In cetaceans, cranium mobility relative to the trunk largely depends on the range of motion permitted by the atlanto‐occipital joint, given the lack of flexibility of the cervical series. In this study, we examined 56 extant cetacean skeletal specimens from 30 species in 25 genera and nine families in order to investigate the relationships between anatomical traits and feeding behavior. Our results suggest that the range of dorso‐ventral motion allowed by the atlanto‐occipital joint (ROM) depends on prey habitat and the feeding technique of cetaceans. Cetaceans feeding on benthic/demersal prey had a relatively large ROM compared with those feeding on pelagic prey. In addition, ROM was largest in raptorial feeders, intermediate in suction feeders, and smallest in ram‐filter feeders. Among raptorial feeders, ROM tended to be larger in taxa that facultatively tear off the prey's flesh compared with taxa that swallow their prey whole. Therefore, we conclude that ROM is a powerful tool to reliably reconstruct the feeding behavior of extinct cetacean taxa.
Substitution of soybean meal for cottonseed meal in multiple supplements for grazing beef heifers in the dry season

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting soybean meal for cottonseed meal in multiple supplements on the nutritional characteristics and performance of beef heifers in their postweaning phase on Brachiaria decumbens pastures during the dry season. Twenty-four Nellore beef heifers (average initial age and weight of 8 mo and 210±6 kg, respectively) were used. The design was completely randomized, with four treatments and six replicates. Supplements contained approximately 30% crude protein (CP) and a progressive substitution of soybean meal for cottonseed meal (0, 50 and 100%). The control animals received only a mineral mixture ad libitum , and those on the other treatments received supplementation at 1.0 kg/animal/day. No differences were found in ADG between supplemented and control animals (P>0.10). Supplementation increased crude protein (CP) intake only (P 0.10) the intake of supplemented animals. Supplementation elevated the apparent digestibility coefficients (P 0.10). A positive linear effect (P 0.10). Substitution caused a decreasing linear effect (P<0.10) on microbial nitrogen/nitrogen intake ratio (MICNR). In conclusion, substitution of soybean meal for cottonseed meal in multiple supplements during the dry season does not impair the productive performance of beef heifers.