Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a contingent resource-based view of nonmarket capabilities under regulatory uncertainty

The article integrates theoretical perspectives from the resource-based view of the firm, dynamic capabilities and contingency. It explains one particular characteristic of the general business environment of the firm, regulatory uncertainty, and its influence on dynamic capabilities of a corporate political strategy (nonmarket strategy) and value creation. I argue that scanning and predictive capabilities as well as institutional influence capabilities will lead to a reduced perceived uncertainty by the firm. In consequence, firms that perceive a high regulatory uncertainty aim at developing these dynamic capabilities. Further, I argue that firms with stronger nonmarket capabilities will rather drive to pursue investments under perceived regulatory uncertainty than firms with weaker nonmarket capabilities.
The Polycomb group protein EED couples TNF receptor 1 to neutral sphingomyelinase

The phospholipase neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) has been recognized as a major mediator of processes such as inflammation, development and growth, differentiation and death of cells, as well as in diseases such as Alzheimer’s, atherosclerosis, heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion damage, or combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Although activation of N-SMase by the proinflammatory cytokine TNF was described almost two decades ago, the underlying signaling pathway is unresolved. Here, we identify the Polycomb group protein EED (embryonic ectodermal development) as an interaction partner of nSMase2. In yeast, the N terminus of EED binds to the catalytic domain of nSMase2 as well as to RACK1, a protein that modulates the activation of nSMase2 by TNF in concert with the TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1)-associated protein FAN. In mammalian cells, TNF causes endogenous EED to translocate from the nucleus and to colocalize and physically interact with both endogenous nSMase2 and RACK1. As a consequence, EED and nSMase2 are recruited to the TNF-R1•FAN•RACK1-complex in a timeframe concurrent with activation of nSMase2. After knockdown of EED by RNA interference, the TNF-dependent activation of nSMase2 is completely abrogated, identifying EED as a protein that both physically and functionally couples TNF-R1 to nSMase2, and which therefore represents the “missing link” that completes one of the last unresolved signaling pathways of TNF-R1.
How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Update on the worldwide prevalence of essential tremor

Essential tremor (ET) is among the more prevalent neurological disorders, yet prevalence estimates have varied enormously, making it difficult to establish prevalence with precision. We: (1) reviewed the worldwide prevalence of ET in population‐based epidemiological studies, (2) derived as precisely as possible an estimate of disease prevalence, and (3) examined trends and important differences across studies. We identified 28 population‐based prevalence studies (19 countries). In a meta‐analysis, pooled prevalence (all ages) = 0.9%, with statistically significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 99%, P < 0.001). In additional descriptive analyses, crude prevalence (all ages) = 0.4%. Prevalence increased markedly with age, and especially with advanced age. In the meta‐analysis, prevalence (age ≥ 65 years) = 4.6%, and in additional descriptive analyses, median crude prevalence (age ≥ 60–65) = 6.3%. In one study of those age ≥ 95 years, crude prevalence = 21.7%. Several studies reported ethnic differences in prevalence, although more studies are needed. Greater than one‐third of studies show a gender difference, with most demonstrating a higher prevalence among men. This possible gender preference is interesting given clinical, epidemiological, and pathological associations between ET and Parkinson's disease. Precise prevalence estimates such as those we provide are important because they form the numerical basis for planned public health initiatives, provide data on the background occurrence of disease for family studies, and offer clues about the existence of environmental or underlying biological factors of possible mechanistic importance. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Disturbance caused by varying propagation delay in non-occluding hearing aid fittings

The disturbance caused by various short propagation delays to the perception of external sounds and own voice for a non-occluding hearing aid was investigated. Ten normal-hearing and 10 mildly hearing-impaired individuals listened to external sounds and their own voice while wearing non-occluding devices providing 10dB of linear gain. Participants rated the disturbance caused by delays of 2, 4 and 10ms to music, running speech, and their own voices. The results indicated greater disturbance for the longest delay for both subject groups when judging own voice, with the ratings of the hearing-impaired participants being lowest. Normal-hearing participants also judged the 10-ms delay as more disturbing for the external sounds. Owing to the listening conditions with constant gain from 800Hz and above, the results apply directly only to this experiment. Disturbance ratings for all delays were low, which suggests that any of those tested would be acceptable for this application. Sumario Se investigó la perturbación causada por varios retardos cortos de propagación en la perturbación de sonidos externos y de la propia voz con auxiliares auditivos no oclusivos. Diez individuos normo-oyentes y 10 con hipoacusia leve fueron expuestos a sonidos externos y a su propia voz utilizando auxiliares auditivos no oclusivos con ganacias lineales de 10dB. Los participantes estimaron las perturbaciones para retardos de 2, 4 y 10ms con música, lenguaje corrido y sus propias voces. Los resultados indicaron mayor perturbación para los retardos mayores en ambos grupos de sujetos cuando juzgaban su propia voz, siendo más bajos los puntajes de los hipoacúsicos. Los participates normo-oyentes también juzgaron el retardo de 10ms como más perturbante para los sonidos externos. Debido a las condiciones auditivas con ganancia constante por encima d 800Hz, los resultados aplican directamente sólo a este experimento. Las apreciones de la perturbación para todos los retardos fueron bajas, lo cuál sugiere que cualquiera de los retardos evaluados sería aceptable para este aplicación.
ANTUSD: A Large Chinese Sentiment Dictionary

This paper introduces the augmented NTU sentiment dictionary, abbreviated as ANTUSD, which is constructed by collecting sentiment stats of words in several sentiment annotation work. A total of 26,021 words were collected in ANTUSD. For each word, the CopeOpi numerical sentiment score and the number of positive annotation, neutral annotation, negative annotation, non-opinionated annotation, and not-a-word annotation are provided. Words and their sentiment information in ANTUSD have been linked to the Chinese ontology E-HowNet to provide rich semantic information. We demonstrate the usage of ANTUSD in polarity classification of words, and the results show that a superior f-score 98.21 is achieved, which supports the usefulness of the ANTUSD. ANTUSD can be freely obtained through application from NLPSA lab, Academia Sinica: http://academiasinicanlplab.github. io/
USE OF TELAZOL® TO IMMOBILIZE FEMALE NORTHERN SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS) IN ALASKA

Twenty-nine female northern sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) were immobilized using Telazol® in dosages ranging from 1.8 to 8.1 mg/kg. Best results were achieved with Telazol® dosages ranging between 1.8 and 2.5 mg/kg which resulted in smooth induction and recovery. Optimal injection location was in the muscle mass of the lower back and hip. Dosages >3.5 mg/kg resulted in a tendency toward hypothermia. Six mortalities occurred which were partially caused by the location of drug injection and perhaps the high dosage.
Evaluation and management of fever in children.

A clinical assessment found no focal signs of infection and a diagnosis of probable viral gastroenteritis was made. He remained unwell for a further 5 days. His Doctor reviewed him on two occasions, once during a home visit, and had several phone conversations with the family. No source of infection was identified and no urine or blood cultures were taken. The boy later died at home, and a post-mortem examination showed the death was caused by Streptococcus pyogenes septicaemia. There was evidence of peritonitis, suggesting this was the primary focus of infection.
Municipal development funds and intermediaries

Municipal development funds have the basic purposes of channelling more investments in urban infrastructure through municipal governments and of strengthening the capacity of these institutions in the process. They have attracted the support of the international aid donors because they offer a mechanism for"wholeselling"urban investment, i.e. for the provision of aid funds to widely diffused investments, often of a minute scale by donor standards. This paper seeks to describe these developments in funding channels and their intended institutions. Judgement, however is extremely tentative, as most of the recent round of innovations and aid projects are at an early stage.
Efficiency measurement among hypermarkets and supermarkets and the identification of the efficiency drivers: A case study

– The purpose of this paper is to analyse a representative sample of hypermarkets and supermarkets working in the Portuguese market, using a benchmark procedure to compare companies that compete in the same market and thereby deriving managerial and policy implications. , – A two‐stage procedure to benchmark the companies was adopted. In the first stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used and in the second stage a Tobit model is employed to estimate the efficient drivers. , – First, that, on average, the efficiency of hypermarket and supermarket retail companies is high compared with that to be found in other sectors. Second, larger retail groups are, on average, more efficient than the smaller retailers, and third, that national retailers are on average more efficient than regional retailers. Finally, scale plays an important role in this market. The efficiency drivers are market share, number of outlets and location. Finally, regulation has a negative effect on efficiency. , – This paper has two limitations. The first is in relation to the data set, and the second in relation to the DEA method. With reference to the data set, the homogeneity of the retailers used in the analysis is questionable, since retailers of different sizes, production characteristics and locations are compared, which may face different restrictions and therefore might not be considered to be directly comparable. However, it can always be claimed that the units are not comparable and that it would consequently be equally impossible to undertake a ratio analysis. Moreover, the data set is short, so that the conclusions are limited. For the conclusions to be generalised, a larger panel data set would be required. , – These can be separated into managerial and competitive – more importantly, the latter with its implications for the retailing industry and its future evolution. , – Clarifies two issues: the changes in the fortunes of the retail companies, as observed in their sales volume ranking, and the need to look for the causes of retail efficiency, apart from internal managerial procedures.
Frequency of Luteinizing Hormone Surges and Egg Production Rate in Turkey Hens1

Abstract Whether the interval between preovulatory surges of LH was different between lines of turkey hens with either poor (RBC3 line, peak at 55%) or excellent rate of egg production (Egg line, peak at 85%) was examined. Laying hens were cannulated and bled hourly for 10 days at peak of production. A constant light photoschedule was used to avoid diurnal masking of innate circadian rhythms. The mean interval between LH surges in the RBC3 line was longer than in the Egg line and had a higher coefficient of variation. A few longer LH surge intervals (>72 h) were found in some RBC3 line hens (2 of 7 hens), but none were found in Egg line hens (0 of 11 hens). All progesterone (P4) surges were coupled with LH surges, but not all LH-P4 surges were coupled with ovipositions (blind LH-P4 surges). The percentage of blind LH-P4 surges was not different between lines. The baseline concentration of LH was higher in Egg line than RBC3 line hens, but LH surge amplitude, and surge duration were not different. The baseline and surge amplitude concentrations of P4 were not different between lines, nor was the concentration of estradiol-17β. The longer interval between LH surges was the major factor tested that was associated with the poorer egg production rate in RBC3 line hens in comparison to Egg line hens. A higher incidence of blind LH surges further contributed to lower egg production in RBC3 line turkey hens.
Compositional Refinement for Real-Time Systems with Priorities

High-level requirements of real-time systems like as time constraints, communications and execution schedulability make the verification of real-time models arduous, where a system is the interaction of a possibly unbounded set of components. Priorities have been introduced to resolve execution conflicts, and by that, prevent the combinatorial explosion of state space. In this paper, we are interested in the composition and refinement of timed systems by considering static and dynamic priorities. Firstly, we propose a revised definition of the product of extended timed transition systems with static and dynamic priorities associated to individual transitions. Afterwards, we study the(compositional) refinement of compound extended timed systems. Without sacrificing compositionality, we instantiate this framework for the case of UPPAAL networks of timed automata with static priority Committed ness, dynamic priority between channels and priority between processes. Moreover, we show how to associate an Extended Timed Transition System (ETTS) to timed automata (TA), where an unique generalized dynamic priority system of ETTS is derived from both dynamic priority orders: priority between channels and priority between processes.
Feasibility study of using rice husk and its treated forms with alkali solution as a desiccant material

The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste and byproduct and natural fibers has been attracted many researchers interest because of its economic benefits and tackling environment issue both. In this study, the feasibility of using rice husk and its treated form with alkali solution as a desiccant material has been investigated. The bare RH and treated RH have been characterized using FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, and SEM. The ability of water absorbance for the prepared samples has also been considered that water absorption test was carried out. The results revealed higher water absorbance of alkali treated RH compared to the bare RH. Currently, the work is focused on determining superior treatment conditions of treating RH involving more characterization methods. Key-Words: Agricultural wastes, Alkali treated, Desiccants, Rice Husk, Treated Rice Husk, water absorbance.
Myoelectric Activation and Kinetics of Different Plyometric Push-Up Exercises

García-Massó, X, Colado, JC, González, LM, Salvá, P, Alves, J, Tella, V, and Triplett, NT. Myoelectric activation and kinetics of different plyometric push-up exercises. J Strength Cond Res 25(7): 2040-2047, 2011—The kinetic and myoelectric differences between 3 types of plyometric push-ups were investigated. Twenty-seven healthy, physically active men served as subjects and completed both familiarization and testing sessions. During these sessions, subjects performed 2 series of 3 plyometric push-up variations in a counterbalanced order according to the following techniques: Countermovement push-ups (CPUs) were push-ups performed with the maximum speed of movement; jump push-ups (JPUs) were similar to clapping push-ups; and fall push-ups (FPUs) required kneeling subjects to drop and then attempt to return to their initial position. Vertical ground reaction forces were determined by using a force plate. Myoelectric activity was recorded by means of electromyography. Impact force and impact rate of force development were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for FPUs than for JPUs. The maximum rate of force development was higher for CPUs (p < 0.05) than for JPUs, and the maximum force was higher for the CPUs than for the FPUs (p < 0.05). There were differences among exercises for the mean muscle activation of the pectoralis major (PM; p < 0.001), triceps brachii (p < 0.001), external oblique (p < 0.005) and anterior deltoid (p < 0.001), and in the maximum muscle activation of the PM (p < 0.001). Plyometric push-ups with countermovement achieved a higher maximum force and rate of force and did not cause impact forces. Thus, this type of push-up exercise may be regarded as the best for improving explosive force. The FPU exercise achieved higher levels of muscular activation in the agonist and synergist muscle groups, and greater impact forces and impact force development rates.
Surface resonances in electron reflection from overlayers

Electron scattering by oxygen monolayers on the Ru(0 0 0 1) surface is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Sharp transmission resonances at low energies are revealed and established to originate from critical points of a special kind in the complex band structure of the substrate. Electron reflection from the clean and oxidized Ru(0 0 0 1) is measured for kinetic energies up to 40 eV at normal incidence for oxygen coverages of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and one monolayer. The reflection spectra R(E) are analyzed using a Bloch-waves based ab initio scattering theory. In addition to the substrate-induced resonances the reconstructed (2 × 1) and (2 × 2) surfaces show surface resonances due to pre-emergent secondary diffraction beams. The R(E) spectra are shown to give unambiguous evidence of the hcp stacking of the oxygen layer.
HR-outsourcing kans of bedreiging?

In de literatuur bestaan twee uiteenlopende opvattingen over de impact van HR outsourcing. Een eerste visie ziet uitbesteding als een kans voor de interne HR afdeling. Uitbesteding creeert immers extra ruimte voor meer strategische HR bijdragen. Een tweede visie ziet uitbesteding als een bedreiging voor de interne HR functie. Uitbesteding wordt dan in een adem genoemd met de afbouw van stafdiensten die op het eerste zich weinig directe toegevoegde waarde creeren. In deze bijdrage gaan we dieper in op beide opvattingen. Met behulp van data van 1.566 vestigingen uit het Panel Survey of Organizations (PASO) wordt een antwoord geformuleerd op volgende centrale onderzoeksvraag: ‘Besteden organisaties met sterke focus op kostenreductie in HR meer of minder uit dan organisaties met een sterke strategische focus op HR? ’ Uit de analyses komen twee belangrijke resultaten naar voor. Vooreerst geven de resultaten aan dat vestigingen met een sterke focus op kostenreductie in HRM niet meer uitbesteden dan vestigingen die deze focus minder hebben. Uit de analyse blijkt immers dat er een sterke samenhang bestaat tussen een sterke focus op strategische verankering van HRM en de graad van uitbesteding. Een tweede belangrijke vaststelling is dat internalisering (delegatie van HR verantwoordelijkheden naar de lijn) en externalisering sterk samenhangen. Dit samengaan van beide bewegingen hoeft echter niet te betekenen dat het taakpakket van de HR afdeling uitgehold wordt. Door de operationele HR taken uit te besteden en het ‘people management’ te delegeren naar de lijn, kan meer tijd en ruimte vrijgemaakt worden voor de meer strategische HR bijdragen. Internalisering en externalisering geven de HR functie met andere woorden de mogelijkheid om zich te herpositioneren en zich de rol van ‘strategische business partner’ aan te meten.
Molecular pathogenesis of cigarette smoking–induced stable COPD

Inflammation is a central feature of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and involves both activation of structural cells of the airways and the lungs and the activation and/or recruitment of infiltrating inflammatory cells. This results in enhanced expression of many pro‐inflammatory proteins and reduced expression of some anti‐inflammatory mediators. An altered protein expression is generally associated with concomitant changes in gene expression profiles in a cell‐specific manner. Increased understanding of the role of transcription factors and of the signaling pathways leading to their activation in stable COPD will provide new targets to enable the development of potential anti‐inflammatory drugs. Several new compounds targeting these pathways and/or transcription factors are now in development for the treatment of stable COPD. Furthermore, glucocorticoids drugs already in clinical use act through their own transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor, to control the expression of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory genes.
Grid Interfacing of Multimegawatt Photovoltaic Inverters

This paper investigates the suitability of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) for low-loss multimegawatt grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters. The proposed system is able to meet utilities regulations, IEEE and IEC standards. In an attempt to substantiate the potential superiority of SHE over carrier-based or space-vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM), this paper demonstrates that SHE may allow grid-connected PV inverters to be controlled using a switching frequency of less than 1 kHz, while the inverter is still able to provide necessary operation features such as independent control of active and reactive powers and operation control simplicity. For system validation, experimental results with SHE are compared to the case when the inverter is controlled using third-harmonic injection PWM, with a 2-kHz switching frequency. Furthermore, the paper proposes a new implementation technique for SHE that utilizes the third harmonics to spread the switching angles over 90° instead of being located in a narrow range as generated when using conventional techniques, along with increases in modulation index. The advantages of the proposed technique include simplicity in implementation and flexibility in PWM waveforms. Simulation and experimentation demonstrate agreement, which validates the practicability of the proposed system.
Inhibitory effect of strychnine on acetylcholine receptor activation in bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells

1 Strychnine, which is known as a potent and selective antagonist of the inhibitory glycine receptor in the central nervous system, inhibits the nicotinic stimulation of catecholamine release from bovine cultured adrenal chromaffin cells in a concentration‐dependent (1–100 μm) manner. At 10 μm nicotine, the IC50 value for strychnine is approximately 30 μm. Strychnine also inhibits the nicotine‐induced membrane depolarization and increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. 2 The inhibitory action of strychnine is reversible and is selective for nicotinic stimulation, with no effect observed on secretion elicited by a high external K+ concentration, histamine or angiotensin II. 3 Strychnine competes with nicotine in its effect, but does not modify the apparent positive cooperativity of the nicotine binding sites. In the absence of nicotine, strychnine has no effect on catecholamine release. Glycine does not affect catecholamine release nor the inhibitory action of strychnine on this release. 4 These results suggest that strychnine interacts with the agonist binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in chromaffin cells, thus exerting a pharmacological effect independently of the glycine receptor.