Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors perceived to influence healthy eating: a systematic review and meta-ethnographic synthesis of the literature

Context Dietary risks are leading contributors to global morbidity and mortality and disproportionately burden individuals of lower socioeconomic positions. Objective The aim of this review is to understand, holistically, what factors are perceived to influence healthy eating and to determine whether perceived factors differ when comparing the general population with lower socioeconomic subgroups. Data Sources Four academic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library) and 3 gray literature databases were searched systematically, along with reference lists. Study Selection Studies were included if they were qualitative and were conducted with community-dwelling adults in high-income countries and if they focused specifically on healthy eating. Eligibility was determined through author consensus. Data Extraction Thirty-nine eligible studies (of 11 641 records screened) were identified. Study characteristics were extracted using a standard template, and quality appraisal was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool. Data synthesis was conducted using meta-ethnography, with themes categorized according to the socioecological model. Results Factors across the individual, social, lived, and food environments were perceived to influence healthy eating. Meta-ethnography revealed that multiple environmental and social factors were frequently reported as barriers to healthy eating. While factors were largely generalizable, diet affordability and the lower availability of stores offering healthy food appeared to be more salient barriers for lower socioeconomic groups. Conclusions Actions to improve population diets should mitigate the barriers to healthy eating to create environments that support healthy eating across the socioeconomic gradient. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42017065243.
The Future of Influenza Vaccines: A Historical and Clinical Perspective

For centuries, the development of vaccines to prevent infectious disease was an empirical process. From smallpox variolation in Song dynasty China, through the polysaccharide capsule vaccines developed in the 1970s, vaccines were made either from the pathogen itself, treated in some way to render it attenuated or non-infectious, or from a closely related non-pathogenic strain. In recent decades, new scientific knowledge and technologies have enabled rational vaccine design in a way that was unimaginable before. However, vaccines optimal against some infectious diseases, influenza among them, have remained elusive. This review will highlight the challenges that influenza viruses pose for rational vaccine design. In particular, it will consider the clinically beneficial endpoints, beyond complete sterilizing immunity, that have been achieved with vaccines against other infectious diseases, as well as the barriers to achieving similar success against influenza.
Relationship between CT activity score with lung function and the serum angiotensin converting enzyme in pulmonary sarcoidosis on chest HRCT

Abstract To address the reliability of CT activity score (CTAS) and investigate the relationships between CTAS, lung function changes after treatment and the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) levels. Fifty-seven sarcoidosis patients underwent chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) and spirometry, as well as SACE examination, were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up spirometry in each patient was obtained about 6 months after the initial spirometry. The correlations between CTAS and pulmonary function changes were evaluated by Spearman correlation analysis. According to SACE status, patients were divided into normal and high level 2 subgroups. Comparisons of pulmonary function parameters, HRCT abnormalities extent scores between SACE normal and high 2 subgroups were performed with the Mann–Whitney U test or Independent samples t test. CTAS demonstrated significant correlations with lung function changes (&Dgr;%VC: &rgr;= 0.543, P < .001; &Dgr;FEV1.0/FVC:&rgr; = 0.417, P = .001; &Dgr;%TLC: &rgr; = 0.309, P = .019). In addition, worse initial lung function, larger changes of lung function, and higher extent scores of HRCT were observed in SACE high-level subgroup. The findings of this study suggest that CTAS of initial HRCT is a promising index for disease activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis to some degree. Prospective studies with large cohort designed to address further verification are warranted before wide clinical practice.
Dietary Fructose Increases the Sensitivity of Proximal Tubules to Angiotensin II in Rats Fed High-Salt Diets

Dietary fructose causes salt-sensitive hypertension. Proximal tubules (PTs) reabsorb 70% of the filtered NaCl. Angiotensin II (Ang II), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and norepinephrine (NE) regulate this process. Although Ang II signaling blockade ameliorates fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension, basal PT Na+ reabsorption and its sensitivity to the aforementioned factors have not been studied in this model. We hypothesized consuming fructose with a high-salt diet selectively enhances the sensitivity of PT transport to Ang II. We investigated the effects of Ang II, ANP and NE on PT Na reabsorption in rats fed a high-salt diet drinking tap water (HS) or 20% fructose (HS-FRU). Oxygen consumption (QO2) was used as a measure of all ATP-dependent transport processes. Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/H+-exchange (NHE) activities were studied because they represent primary apical and basolateral transporters in this segment. The effect of 10−12 mol/L Ang II in QO2 by PTs from HS-FRU was larger than HS (p < 0.02; n = 7). In PTs from HS-FRU 10−12 mol/L Ang II stimulated NHE activity by 2.6 ± 0.7 arbitrary fluorescence units/s (p < 0.01; n = 5) but not in those from HS. The stimulatory effect of Ang II on PT Na+/K+-ATPase activity was not affected by HS-FRU. Responses of QO2 and NHE activity to ANP did not differ between groups. The response of QO2 to NE was unaltered by HS-FRU. We concluded that the sensitivity of PT Na+ reabsorption specifically to Ang II is enhanced by HS-FRU. This maintains high rates of transport even in the presence of low concentrations of the peptide, and likely contributes to the hypertension.
Enhancing physical activity through context-aware coaching

We present the methodology and results of a field study on the effectiveness of personalized, context-aware coaching. The study consisted of a two-week calibration period, a coaching week and a fade out week. During the whole study, participants' step count and location was monitored continuously. In the coaching week, participants received a daily personalized step target and were coached through a custom-made smart phone app to reach this target. Participants in the context-aware condition received personalized, context-aware coaching messages in real-time, while participants in the control condition only received messages offering general advice, delivered at fixed, predefined moments. The results of this field study suggest that context-aware coaching is effective, even though the difference between the control and context-aware participants was not statistically significant. Moreover, context-aware coaching was appreciated by participants. Based on their feedback provided during exit interviews, guidelines for the development of context-aware e-coaching interventions were formulated.
SUITABILITY OF CURRENT EVALUATION FRAMEWORKS FOR USE IN THE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF MOBILE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objectives: To identify and appraise existing evaluation frameworks for mobile medical applications (MMA) and determine their suitability for use in health technology assessment (HTA) of these technologies. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted of seven bibliographic databases to identify literature published between 2008 and 2016 on MMA evaluation frameworks. Frameworks were eligible if they were used to evaluate at least one of the HTA domains of effectiveness, safety, and/or cost and cost-effectiveness of an MMA. After inclusion, the frameworks were reviewed to determine the number and extent to which other elements of an HTA were addressed by the framework. Results: A total of forty-five frameworks were identified that assessed MMAs. All frameworks assessed whether the app was effective. Of the thirty-four frameworks that examined safety, only seven overtly evaluated potential harms from the MMA (e.g., the impact of inaccurate information). Only one framework explicitly considered a comparator. Technology specific domains were sporadically addressed. Conclusion: None of the evaluation frameworks could be used, unaltered, to guide the HTA of MMAs. To use these frameworks in HTA they would need to identify relevant comparators, improve assessments of harms and consider the ongoing effect of software updates on the safety and effectiveness of MMAs. Attention should also be paid to ethical issues, such as data privacy, and technology specific characteristics. Implications: Existing MMA evaluation frameworks are not suitable for use in HTA. Further research is needed before an MMA evaluation framework can be developed that will adequately inform policy makers.
Allergic phenotypes in adult patients with atopic dermatitis, determined with the ISAC test (ImmunoCAP ISAC)

Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, often with a concomitant allergy. The ImmunoCAP ISAC (Immuno Solid-Phase Allergen Chip) test is a novel method to determine the allergenic phenotype in a given patient. Aim In this study, we used the ImmunoCAP ISAC test to analyze allergic phenotypes in adult patients with AD. Material and methods The study included 19 adult patients with AD. The severity of AD was assessed using SCORAD index. Serum concentrations of total IgE were determined by means fluoro-enzyme immunoassay (FEIA). The levels of asIgE were measured with the ImmunoCAP ISAC kits. Results Positive results of the ISAC test were documented in 84.2% of the study subjects. All patients synthesized asIgE against species-specific respiratory allergens; major components of animal allergens (57.87%), tree pollen allergens (47.3%), grass pollen allergens (42.1%), dust mite allergens (26.3%) and major allergen of mugwort (26.3%). 47.3% of the subjects were sensitive to cross-reactive allergenic components, most often proteins of the lipocalin family (57.8%), followed by PR-10 (26.3%), PR-14 (21%) and PR-5 proteins (21%). asIgE against species-specific allergens were found in 10.5% of the study subjects. No statistically significant relationships were observed between the severity or duration of AD and the prevalence and levels of asIgE against the allergens included in the ISAC panel. However, duration of AD correlated significantly with the serum concentration of total IgE. Conclusions The ISAC test is suitable for determination of the allergenic phenotype in a given patient, and as such has an unquestioned diagnostic and therapeutic value.
Particulate matter 2.5 induced bronchial epithelial cell injury via activation of 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase‐mediated autophagy

The impact of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on the respiratory system is a worldwide concern. However, the mechanisms by which PM2.5 causes disease are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of PM2.5 on autophagy and studied the effect of PM2.5‐induced autophagy and 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and airway inflammation using human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE140 cells. Results showed that exposure of cells to PM2.5 at a concentration of 100 μg/mL for 24 hours was most effective for inhibiting cell viability. PM2.5 induced cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase and increased mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and cell apoptosis with increasing concentration. PM2.5 downregulated cyclin D and matrix metallopeptidase‐9 (MMP‐9) expression but upregulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) expression, significantly promoted interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) production, and enhanced the level and activation of AMPK. The levels of autophagy‐related protein 5 (ATG5), Beclin‐1, and LC3II/I were significantly increased by PM2.5. The activation of Unc‐51‐like autophagy activating kinase 1 was significantly inhibited by PM2.5. Moreover, ATG5 knockdown inhibited PM2.5‐induced autophagy, ROS, and cell apoptosis significantly. The expression of cyclin D, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1 was reversed by ATG5 suppression. PM2.5‐induction of IL‐6 and TNF‐α was significantly inhibited by knockdown of ATG5. Thus, inhibition of autophagy protected the cells from PM2.5‐induced injury. PM2.5 induced injury in human bronchial epithelial cells via activation of AMPK‐mediated autophagy, suggesting possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of respiratory diseases.
Der zentrale Venendruck in der Leberchirurgie Ein primäres Therapieziel oder ein hämodynamischer Mosaikstein ? Die besondere Rolle des zentralen Venendrucks in der Leberchirurgie

Central venous pressure (CVP) is deemed to be an important parameter of anesthesia management in liver surgery. To reduce blood loss during liver resections, a low target value of CVP is often propagated. Although current meta-analyses have shown a connection between low CVP and a reduction in blood loss, the underlying studies show methodological weaknesses and advantages with respect to morbidity and mortality can hardly be proven. The measurement of the CVP itself is associatedwith numerous limitations and influencing factors and the measures to reduce the CVP have been insufficiently investigated with respect to hepatic hemodynamics. The definition of a generally valid target area for the CVP must be called into question. The primary objective is to maintain adequate oxygen supply and euvolemia. The CVP should be regarded as a mosaic stone of hemodynamicmanagement.
Personalizing Fairness-aware Re-ranking

Personalized recommendation brings about novel challenges in ensuring fairness, especially in scenarios in which users are not the only stakeholders involved in the recommender system. For example, the system may want to ensure that items from different providers have a fair chance of being recommended. To solve this problem, we propose a Fairness-Aware Re-ranking algorithm (FAR) to balance the ranking quality and provider-side fairness. We iteratively generate the ranking list by trading off between accuracy and the coverage of the providers. Although fair treatment of providers is desirable, users may differ in their receptivity to the addition of this type of diversity. Therefore, personalized user tolerance towards provider diversification is incorporated. Experiments are conducted on both synthetic and real-world data. The results show that our proposed re-ranking algorithm can significantly promote fairness with a slight sacrifice in accuracy and can do so while being attentive to individual user differences.
Antiviral Activity of Fermented Ginseng Extracts against a Broad Range of Influenza Viruses

Ginseng products used as herb nutritional supplements are orally consumed and fermented to ginsenoside compounds by the intestinal microbes. In this study, we investigated antiviral protective effects of fermented ginseng extracts against different strains of influenza viruses in genetically diverse mouse models. Intranasal coinoculation of mice with fermented ginseng extract and influenza virus improved survival rates and conferred protection against H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N9 strains, with the efficacy dependent on the dose of ginseng samples. Antiviral protection by fermented ginseng extract was observed in different genetic backgrounds of mice and in the deficient conditions of key adaptive immune components (CD4, CD8, B cell, MHCII). The mice that survived primary virus inoculation with fermented ginseng extract developed immunity against the secondary infection with homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. In vitro cell culture experiments showed moderate virus neutralizing activity by fermented ginseng extract, probably by inhibiting hemagglutination and neuraminidase activity. This study suggests that fermented ginseng extracts might provide a means to treat influenza disease regardless of virus strains.
Craniocervical computed tomography angiography with adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D algorithm and automatic tube current modulation in patients with different body mass indexes

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) using the 80-kV tube voltage and the adaptive iterative dose reduction (AIDR) 3D algorithm in patients with different body mass indexes (BMIs). From November 2016 to January 2017, 128 consecutive patients scheduled for head and neck CTA examinations were randomized into the 100-kV group (n = 60) and the 80-kV group (n = 68). Both groups used the automatic tube current modulation technique and the AIDR 3D algorithm. The patients were further grouped as slender (BMI < 22 kg/m2), normal weight (22 kg/m2⩽BMI < 25 kg/m2), and overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). The image quality and the radiation dose of each subgroup were analyzed. The images of the head and neck vessels and the brain tissue obtained with 100 kV were all of diagnostic quality. Slender and normal weight patients imaged with 80 kV also produced images of diagnostic quality. However, 80 kV in the overweight patients failed to produce images of diagnostic quality. The radiation dose in the patients imaged with 80 kV was significantly decreased in comparison with those imaged with 100 kV. The effective dose was 0.36 ± 0.06 and 0.41 ± 0.05 mSv in the slender and normal weight patients imaged with 80 kV. Head and neck CTA scanning with 80 kV, automatic tube current modulation, and AIDR 3D algorithm can produce high quality images with reduced radiation dose in slender or normal weight patients.
The Posterior Use of BMP-2 in Cervical Deformity Surgery Does Not Result in Increased Early Complications: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Objectives: To describe the rate of short-term complications following the posterior use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) in cervical deformity (CD) surgery. Methods: CD patients from 2013 to 2015 were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter database. Patients were divided into those receiving rhBMP-2 (BMP) and no rhBMP-2 (NOBMP). The relationship between BMP use, demographic variables surgical variables, radiographic parameters and complications was evaluated. Results: A total of 100 patients (47 BMP, 53 NOBMP) were included. Follow-up time averaged 7.6 months (range 3-12 months). An average of 13.6mg of BMP was used per person with 1.49 mg per level. Compared with the NOBMP group, patients in the BMP group were older (P = .03). BMP was more commonly used in patients that and had longer prior fusions (6.0 vs 2.5, P < .01). There were no differences between groups with regards to a history of surgery, Charlson Comorbidity Index, estimated blood loss, operation time, fusion levels, and surgical approach. The maintenance of radiographic parameters at 6-month follow-up was similar. There were no differences in terms of total complication incidence, total complications per person, major complications per person or any specific complication. Linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis did not reveal any strong r2 values (r2 = 0.09, 0.08, 0.06) between the use of BMP and complications (major or operative). Conclusions: BMP use was not directly associated with an increased incidence of early complications in this prospective cohort of operative adult CD patients. Its use was associated with increased number of levels instrumented and fused.
Can automated test case generation cope with extract method validation?

Refactoring often requires regression testing to check whether changes applied to the code have preserved its behavior. It is usually tricky to create an effective test suite for this task, since refactoring is not often applied in isolated steps. Rather refactoring edits may be combined with other edits in the code. In this sense, test case generation can contributed to this task by systematically analyzing the code and providing a wide range of test cases that address different constructions in the code. However, a number of studies in the literature have found that current tools can be ineffective regarding fault detection. In this paper, we present an empirical study that applies the Randoop and Evosuite tools for generating regression test suites, focusing on detecting Extract Method faults. Based on the study results, we identify factors that may influence on the performance of the tools for effectively testing the edits. To validate our findings, we present a set of regression models that associate the presence of these factors with the capability of the test suite detect faults related to the refactoring edit.
Paternal Mental Health: Why Is It Relevant?

Father’s mental health is an emerging area of interest that is beginning to be recognized in research, and to a lesser extent in clinical practice and society. Fathers are part of a parenting dyad with 2 partners who are responsible for their children’s emotional development. Similar to mothers, the risk for mental health problems increases once a male becomes a father, but there is limited research examining this issue. The purpose of this review is to present the available literature on father’s mental health and its effect on child emotional health through various mechanisms. In general, father’s mental health was found to be related to increased child internalizing and externalizing behaviors, but each disorder had different risk factors, and a unique effect on parenting behaviors and the child’s emotional health. The most developed paternal mental health literature is focused on depression. However, key conceptual and methodological problems exist that may limit our understanding of paternal depression. Additionally, the focus on paternal depression may not accurately represent the largest risk for paternal psychopathology and the resultant child mental health outcomes because men have an increased likelihood of displaying externalizing behaviors. Implications for research, clinical practice, and policy are discussed.