Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RESPONSE OF EXPIRATORY MUSCLES TRAINING TO POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

*1 MSc Physical Therapy Student, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. 2 Professor of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. 3 Consultant (Professor) of Physical Therapy, Critical Care Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Egypt. 4 Assistant Professor of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
Effects of Microhabitat, Flocking, Climate and Migratory Goal on Energy Expenditure in the Annual Cycle of Red Knots

We quantify seasonal changes in the maintenance energy requirements of Red Knots (Calidris canutus islandica). This subspecies breeds on the tundra of northeast Canada and north Greenland, migrates through Iceland and spends the winter in the coastal regions of western Europe. Maintenance Metabolism (Mmaint) is defined as Basal Metabolic Rate plus extra costs for thermoregulation at environmental temperatures below the thermoneutral zone. Mmaint of Red Knots resting in different microhabitats was estimated on the basis of measurements with heated taxidermic mounts, which were calibrated with forced convection against postabsorptive live birds resting over a range of air temperatures (i.e., against their Standard Metabolic Rate). Based on a physically realistic regression model for heat loss, we established the relationships between the electric power consumption of the mounts and three critical weather variables affecting dry heat loss: air temperature, wind speed and global solar radiation. Observations of Red Knots' use of different microhabitats (including their occurrence in flocks of different bird density) and orientation into the wind were collected on the wintering and on the breeding grounds. At lower standard operative temperatures on the coastal wintering grounds they foraged in tighter flocks and more often faced into the wind, saving 8% compared to solitary birds standing with their flanks exposed. We then used (1) microhabitat-specific equations, (2) long-term meterological data sets, and (3) estimates of habitat use and wind orientation of free-living Red Knots at the different locations and times of the year, to reconstruct the seasonal patterns in Mmaint in the field. Average predicted Mmaint varied between 2.93 W in January and 1.64 W in August on the Dutch wintering areas. The maximum monthly Mmaint in winter was higher than that reached on the Canadian breeding grounds (2.28 W, or 0.78 times the Dutch January cost) and on the Icelandic staging grounds (2.27 W, or 0.77× the Dutch cost in January, in spring, and 1.98 W, or 0.68×, in fall). Based on 31 years of weather data from the Dutch Wadden Sea in the period 1960-1991 (assuming that Red Knots have not changed their behavior), the long-term overwinter average of Mmaint was 2.57 W, with an average monthly minimum of 1.87 W and a maximum of 3.05 W. The west-central coast of France, 900 km more to the south, offers energetically cheaper conditions (0.76× values for the Dutch coast in January) in the nonbreeding season than the Wadden Sea. If islandica knots moved on to West Africa during the nonbreeding season they would incur a saving of 1.13 W on Mmaint, and pay an extra 0.13-0.22 W to cover the cost of travel.
Splitting of Low-Rank ACM Bundles on Hypersurfaces of High Dimension

Let X be a smooth projective hypersurface. We derive a splitting criterion for arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay bundles over X. As an application, we show that any rank 3 ACM vector bundle over X splits when dim X ≥ 7. We also derive a splitting result for rank 4 arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay bundles.
ABA, H2O2 differentially modulates thylakoid bound ascorbate peroxidase (TatApx) in wheat genotypes with differing drought sensitivity

ABA is a key regulator of redox homeostasis in plants exposed to abiotic stress. Both endogenous and exogenous ABA can cause the generation of H 2 O 2 in plant cells or tissues. The ascorbate peroxidase enzyme scavenges H 2 O 2 and neutralizes it through the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. The relationships between ABA, H 2 O 2 and thylakoid bound ascorbate peroxidase was investigated in a drought tolerant and a sensitive wheat cultivar after exogenous treatment with ABA and H 2 O 2 by analysis of thylakoid bound ascorbate peroxidase transcript modulation. Differential response of the antioxidant system indicated genotype specific tolerance mechanism under stress in wheat crop.
LEAN: 4W & 1H of lean in medical facilities

The academic literature offers many examples of firms which have achieved significant improvement via lean management implementation. These firms usually apply well-defined lean tools. The impact of its implementation is well established in the literature, which means they can use it as a guidebook. The essence of lean management is the creation of a culture that encourages learning and thus continuous process improvement through simplifying and standardizing the way work is performed and systematically attacking problems as they occur. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part summarizes available relevant materials about lean healthcare and its methods, applications, results (academic or practitioner literature, case studies, etc.) and creates a complex study of this very current topic. The second part introduces the results of a survey focused on medical staffs ́ knowledge of lean methods which was carried out in 2013 in various Czech medical facilities. Both parts point out the ergonomic principles in lean healthcare and its benefits.
A Review of Underwater Stereo-Image Measurement for Marine Biology and Ecology Applications

Over the last 40 years, underwater stereo-image measurement systems have employed stereo-cameras and paired single cameras in a variety of configurations. Both still and movie cameras have been used, based on film, video tube and digital sensors. Whilst measurement configurations of all varieties have been used, the transect has been, and still is, the predominant sampling technique. These basic approaches to photogrammetric geometry and sampling techniques are still in use today; however, the image quality has advanced considerably and the use of fully digital video systems and digital still cameras is now commonplace. The wider use of precalibrated, self-contained stereo-image systems, plus the substantial improvements in image resolution and image fidelity, is enabling new possibilities for accurate and reliable measurement of 3-dimensional lengths, surfaces and volumes. These advances are leading to significant improvements in the effectiveness of the management of marine ecosystems for conservation and the estimation of biomass for aquaculture. This work reviews the status of underwater stereo-image measurement and illustrates applications of stereo-image measurement in marine biology and ecology.
A Markov Model on China’s Export Cycles: Regime Division and Regime Switching

Based on Hamilton’ Markov regime-switching model applied to postwar U.S. business cycle, the paper uses Chinese export data from January 1999 to November 2010 to describe and investigate the dynamic growth path of China’s export cycles. The empirical results show that the growth path of China’s export can be classified as long-term expansion regime and short-term recession regime, which means the growth path of China’s export may experience a shift of regime. The global economic situation, especially the 1997 Asian financial crisis and 2008 global financial crisis, and Chinese macroeconomic policy during these periods may explain the move of regime. Chinese economy needs to shift from export-oriented economic growth to more reliance on indigenous innovation of firms and domestic demand-pulled growth, which maybe not only the result of the 2008 global financial crisis, but also reflects the need for continual growth of Chinese economy in the future. Key words: Export cycles; Markov regime-switching model; Smoothing probabilities Resume: Base sur Hamilton a changement de modele du regime Markov applique a la conjoncture d'apres-guerre americain, l'etude utilise les donnees des exportations 1chinoises de Janvier 1999 a Novembre 2010 a decrire et a enqueter sur le chemin de la croissance dynamique des cycles de l'exportation de la Chine. Les resultats empiriques montrent que le chemin de la croissance des exportations chinoises peuvent etre classes comme regime de l'expansion a long terme et le regime de la recession a court terme, ce qui signifie que le chemin de la croissance des exportations de la Chine, peuvent constater un changement de regime. La situation economique mondiale, en particulier la crise financiere asiatique 1997 et 2008 la crise financiere mondiale, et les Chinois de la politique macroeconomique durant ces periodes peut expliquer le passage du regime. L'economie chinoise a besoin de passer d'exportation de la croissance economique a s'appuyer davantage sur l'innovation des entreprises et des indigenes par la demande interieure tiree de croissance, qui peut-etre pas seulement le resultat de l'exercice 2008 la crise financiere mondiale, mais reflete egalement la necessite d'une croissance continue de l'economie chinoise dans le futur. Mots cles: Les Cycles d'exportation; Le Changement de modele du regime Markov; Les probabilites de lissage
A connectedness analysis of German financial institutions during the financial crisis in 2008

For core financial market activities like risk management and asset pricing, it appears to be crucial to investigate the “connectedness” among financial institutions. In times of economic crises, a suitable measure of connectedness can provide valuable insights of financial markets and helps to understand how institutions influence each other. In particular, depending on contractual obligations between financial institutions, the financial distress at a bank with large systemic impact is likely to cause also distress at other institutions. In the literature, the latter phenomenon is generally tagged by ’contagion’ and can eventually result in severe economic crises. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the connectedness among German financial institutions during the global financial crisis 2007-2009, where the authors focus particularly on 2008 and its height in September 2008 with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. They make use of the definition of connectedness, as it was recently proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2014). Their approach relies on analyzing multiple time series of volatilities by a vector autoregressive (VAR) model and a generalized forecast error variance decompositions. It provides several meaningful measures of connectedness and allows for static (average), as well as dynamic (daily time-varying) analyses. The authors show that the connectedness in Germany can be described well by the model.
Constraints on upper mantle viscosity from the flow‐induced pressure gradient across the Australian continental keel

The thickness of continental lithosphere varies considerably from tectonically active to cratonic regions, where it can be as thick as 250–300 km. Embedded in the upper mantle like a ship, when driven to move by a velocity imposed at the surface, a continental keel is expected to induce a pressure gradient in the mantle. We hypothesize that the viscosity of the asthenosphere or the shear coupling between lower lithosphere and asthenosphere should control this pressure effect and thus the resulting dynamic topography. We perform three‐dimensional finite element calculations to examine the effects of forcing a continental keel by an imposed surface velocity, with the Australian region as a case study. When the upper mantle is strong but still weaker than the lower mantle, positive dynamic topography is created around the leading edge, and negative dynamic topography is created around the trailing edge of the keel, which is measurable by positive and negative geoid anomalies, respectively. For a weak upper mantle the effect is much reduced. We analyze geoidal and gravity anomalies in the Australian region by spatiospectral localization using Slepian functions. The method allows us to remove a best fit estimate of the geographically localized low spherical harmonic degree contributions. Regional geoid anomalies thus filtered are on the order of ±10 m across the Australian continent, with a spatial pattern similar to that predicted by the models. The comparison of modeled and observed geoid anomalies places constraints on mantle viscosity structure. Models with a two‐layer mantle cannot sufficiently constrain the ratio of viscosity between the upper and lower mantle. The addition of a third, weak, upper mantle layer, an asthenosphere, amplifies the effects of keels. Our three‐layer models, with lower mantle viscosity of 3 × 1022 Pa s, suggest that the upper mantle (asthenosphere) is 300 times weaker than the lower mantle, while the transition zone (400–670 km depths) has a viscosity varying between 1021 and 1022 Pa s.
Panel Data Inference with Dependent Clusters

This paper introduces a method which permits valid inference given a finite number of heterogeneous, correlated clusters. The method relies on a test statistic using the mean of the cluster-specific scores normalized by the variance and simulating the distribution of this statistic. While many inference methods assume clusters are asymptotically independent or model dependence across clusters as a function of a distance metric, this paper estimates cross-cluster dependence by studying co-movements between clusters and then isolating the independent component of each cluster. The method is simple to implement, can be employed for linear and nonlinear estimators, places no restrictions on the strength of the correlations across clusters, and does not require prior knowledge of which clusters are correlated or even the existence of independent clusters. The approach is valid for large T or large N . In simulations, the procedure rejects at appropriate rates even in the presence of highly-correlated clusters.
Paediatric anterior cruciate ligament tears: management and growth disturbances. A survey of EPOS and POSNA membership

Abstract Purpose The therapeutic algorithm of paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears remains controversial. The primary aim of the study was to describe variations in practice patterns among European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (EPOS) and Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) members with respect to management of ACL tears in skeletally immature patients. The secondary objective was to determine the number, type and severity of growth disturbances associated with ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Methods An email invitation to complete a 52-question survey was sent to all members of POSNA and EPOS. Data were collected automatically. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results In all, 305 (25.4%) surgeon members responded. Only 182 (60%) of the participants treated ACL injuries in skeletally immature patients and completed the survey. A total of 17% of EPOS and 70% of POSNA members recommended ACLR within three months for a prepubescent paediatric ACL tear. In total, 61% of POSNA and 83% of EPOS members recommended ACLR within three months for a pubescent paediatric ACL tear. Epiphyseal tunnels were the preferred technique in prepubescent children (43% at the tibia and 49% at the femur), while transphyseal tunnels were recommended preferentially in pubescent children (85% at the tibia and 63% at the femur). In all, 5.5% of participants reported growth disturbances after ACLR. Conclusion Current practice patterns across the Atlantic remain varied and controversial. Consensus remains elusive; as such, research collaboration among societies will be important to develop an evidence-based treatment algorithm. The use of transphyseal tunnels has been reinforced. The number of cases of significant growth disturbance is minimal, yet worrisome. Level of Evidence II
Detection of anti-salmonella antibodies by Immunochromatographic assay at Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh

The public health burden of typhoid fever can be substantially reduced by early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study was conducted in an attempt to assess the reliability of immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the early diagnosis of typhoid fever. Immunochromatographic test to detect IgM, IgG or combined IgM/IgG in serum in 1st week of fever was done for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Blood samples were taken for culture and Widal test of 100 clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever in 1st week of illness of patients at Outpatient Department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Bangladesh. Forty (40) controls of comparable age and sex were also taken including 20 febrile (non-typhoidal) and 20 healthy persons. Blood culture positive cases (16) and Widal test positive cases (15) were considered as typhoid fever patients and the total number was 31. ICT was performed for 31 typhoid fever patients and 40 controls. In this study, out of 31 cases, ICT was found positive in 28 (90.32%) typhoid fever patient, while 03 (15.00%) of the controls also showed ICT positivity indicating its specificity of 92.50%. It is evident from this study that ICT as a reliable diagnostic tool for early diagnosis of typhoid fever was found highly sensitive, rapid and easy to perform. It can be a versatile test for the screening of clinically suspected case of typhoid fever. therefore, ICT have been found to be encouraging in this study. Key words: Anti-salmonella antibodies, immunochromatographic assay, diagnostic tool, early diagnosis of typhoid fever.
Effect of supplementation with either press extracted canola meal or lupins on liveweight gain and linear wool growth in Merino weaners grazing cereal stubble.

Cereal crop stubbles are widely used in Western Australia as a basal feed during late summer and autumn. However, sheep will lose weight if supplementary feeding is not carried out in conjunction with grazing these stubbles (Rowe and Ferguson, 1986). This weight loss can be attributed to the low digestibility and protein and energy contents of the cereal stubble (Leng, 1992). In this study five groups of twenty wether weaners grazed 2.2 ha plots of oaten stubble. The supplementary feeding treatments were [l] Control-no supplement; [2] 100 gI [3] 150 g/ hd/d lupins (9.1 g N/d, 1.9 MJ ME/d); [4] 50 g/hd/d canola meal (2.5 g N/d, 0.6 MJ ME/d); and [5] 100 g/hd/d canola meal (5.0 g N/d, 1.2 MJ ME/d). Respective supplements were fed out twice weekly for 12 weeks. Liveweight gain and linear wool growth (using dyebands) were measured over the feeding period. Sheep in all the supplemented groups were heavier than those in the control group by the end of the feeding period. Total liveweight gain increased (PcO.05) as the level of supplementation increased for lupins, however, there was no significant difference in total liveweight gain between the two levels of feeding of the canola meal supplement. Linear wool growth during the period of supplementation was not significantly different between the control group and the group receiving the low level of lupin supplementation. However, linear wool growth was greater (PcO.05) in the groups receiving the canola meal and the high level of lupin supplements. When based on supplemental N and energy intake, there was no direct relationship between supplement intake and liveweight gain and linear wool growth. The lupin protein is largely degraded in the rumen (Hume, 1974), however, the extent of degradability of the protein in press extracted canola meal is not known. Results from this trial suggest that some of the protein contained in press extracted canola meal by-passes the rumen for absorption in the small intestines. This would explain why sheep fed 50 g/d canola meal (2.5 g N/d) gained the same amount of weight and grew the same amount of wool as sheep fed 100 g/d lupins (5.6 g N/d).
Magnetic ground state of Sr 2 IrO 4 and implications for second-harmonic generation

The currently accepted magnetic ground state of Sr2IrO4 (the -++- state) preserves inversion symmetry. This is at odds, though, with recent experiments that indicate a magnetoelectric ground state, leading to the speculation that orbital currents or more exotic magnetic multipoles might exist in this material. Here, we analyze various magnetic configurations and demonstrate that two of them, the magnetoelectric -+-+ state and the non-magnetoelectric ++++ state, can explain these recent second-harmonic generation (SHG) experiments, obviating the need to invoke orbital currents. The SHG-probed magnetic order parameter has the symmetry of a parity-breaking multipole in the -+-+ state and of a parity-preserving multipole in the ++++ state. We speculate that either might have been created by the laser pump used in the experiments. An alternative is that the observed magnetic SHG signal is a surface effect. We suggest experiments that could be performed to test these various possibilities, and also address the important issue of the suppression of the RXS intensity at the L2 edge.
Union, efficiency of labour and endogenous growth

This paper develops an endogenous growth model with human capital formation and ‘Efficiency Wage Hypothesis’ to investigate the growth effect of unionisation and to analyse properties of optimum income tax rate in the presence of an unionised labour market and with taxation only on labour income. ‘Efficient Bargaining’ model as well as ‘Right to Manage’ model is used to solve the negotiation problem between the labour union and the employer’s association. In both type modelling framework, the growth effect of unionisation is independent of its employment effect; and it depends on its net effect on worker’s efficiency. The growth rate maximizing tax rate on labour income is different from the corresponding welfare maximizing tax rate; and the nature of the growth effect of unionisation is different from its welfare effect.
Hybrid Vortex Method for the Aerodynamic Analysis of Wind Turbine

The hybrid vortex method, in which vortex panel method is combined with the viscous-vortex particle method (HPVP), was established to model the wind turbine aerodynamic and relevant numerical procedure program was developed to solve flow equations. The panel method was used to calculate the blade surface vortex sheets and the vortex particle method was employed to simulate the blade wake vortices. As a result of numerical calculations on the flow over a wind turbine, the HPVP method shows significant advantages in accuracy and less computation resource consuming. The validation of the aerodynamic parameters against Phase VI wind turbine experimental data is performed, which shows reasonable agreement.
Soil characteristics of Rocky Mountain National Park grasslands invaded by Melilotus officinalis and M. alba

Aim Invasion of nitrogen‐fixing non‐native plant species may alter soil resources and impact native plant communities. Altered soils may be the driving mechanism that provides a suitable environment to facilitate future invasions and decrease native biodiversity. We hypothesized that Melilotus invasion would increase nitrogen availability and produce soil microclimate and biochemical changes, which could in turn alter plant species composition in a montane grassland community.
Mini Access Spine for Fixation of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures

The pedicular screw fixation becomes a golden stander to treat this condition with or without decompression. Pedicle screw systems engage all three columns of the spine and can resist motion in all planes. Several studies suggest that pedicle screw fixation is a safe and effective treatment for many spinal disorders [2,3]. Short-segment pedicle fixation (SS) is a popular option. Dick et al. [4] have developed the SS stabilization for the operative treatment of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures. However, there is a controversy as far as the results of this instrumentation are concerned. The choice of treatment option in the absence of a neurological deficit depends on the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) scores [4,5].