Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal ontogeny of brain wiring

Common principles and developmental mechanisms characterize the brain connectome of diverse species, from flies to humans. The wiring of vertebrate and invertebrate brains provides the anatomical skeleton for cognition and behavior. Connections among brain regions are characterized by heterogeneous strength that is parsimoniously described by the wiring cost and homophily principles. Moreover, brains exhibit a characteristic global network topology, including modules and hubs. However, the mechanisms resulting in the observed interregional wiring principles and network topology of brains are unknown. Here, with the aid of computational modeling, we demonstrate that a mechanism based on heterochronous and spatially ordered neurodevelopmental gradients, without the involvement of activity-dependent plasticity or axonal guidance cues, can reconstruct a large part of the wiring principles (on average, 83%) and global network topology (on average, 80%) of diverse adult brain connectomes, including fly and human connectomes. In sum, space and time are key components of a parsimonious, plausible neurodevelopmental mechanism of brain wiring with a potential universal scope, encompassing vertebrate and invertebrate brains.
On the distinction and availability of the new taxa proposed by Agnolin et al. 2019

Recently, Agnolin et al. (2019) described 14 new species of mammals, including 12 rodents, one bat, and one carnivore, and one new subspecies of rodent. In addition, these authors proposed several other nomenclatorial acts: some nominal forms were removed from synonymies and hypothesized as distinct species, at the time that three new genera, one subtribe, and one tribe of mammals were also named. We reviewed the merits of all nomenclatorial acts proposed by Agnolin at al. (2019) and concluded that all 14 new species and the new subspecies, as well as those forms removed from synonymies, should be treated as synonyms of already known species. We suggest the same regarding the three new supraspeci c taxa presented by Agnolin et al., two of which are not available as they fail to comply with the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. We end this contribution criticizing the way that mammal taxonomy was approached by Agnolin et al. (2019). RESUMEN. Sobre la distinción y disponibilidad de los nuevos taxones propuestos por Agnolin et al. 2019. Recientemente, Agnolin et al. (2019) describieron 14 especies nuevas de mamíferos, incluyendo 12 roedores, un murciélago y un carnívoro, y una nueva subespecie de roedor. Además, estos autores propusieron varios otros actos nomenclatoriales: algunas formas nominales se eliminaron de las sinonimias y se hipotetizaron como especies distintas; se nombraron tres nuevos géneros, una subtribu y una tribu de Recibido 24 febrero 2020. Aceptado 17 julio 2020. Editor asociado: C. Lanzone. 156 Mastozoología Neotropical, 27(1):155-171 Mendoza, 2020 h p://www.sarem. org.ar – h p://www.sbmz. org P. Teta & G. D’Elía. mamíferos. Revisamos todos los actos nomenclatoriales propuestos por Agnolin et al. (2019) y concluimos que las 14 nuevas especies y la nueva subespecie, así como las formas eliminadas de las sinonimias, deben tratarse como sinónimos de especies ya conocidas. Sugerimos lo mismo con respecto a los tres nuevos taxones supraespecí cos presentados por Agnolin et al. (2019), de los cuales dos no están disponibles ya que no cumplen con las disposiciones del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica. Terminamos esta contribución criticando la forma en que Agnolin et al. (2019) realizaron su abordaje taxonómico.
Crossing extreme habitat boundaries: Jack‐of‐all‐trades facilitates invasion but is eroded by adaptation to a master‐of‐one

1. The invasion of new environments can be a key instigator of adaptive diversification, but the likelihood of such invasions succeeding can depend on the attributes of would-be invaders. Chief among these seems to be a generalist or ‘jack-of-all-trades’ phenotype. 2. Yet, despite the obvious link between habitat transitions and adaptation, we know surprisingly little about how phenotypes that might initially allow taxa to transition between habitats subsequently evolve or influence post-invasion differentiation. 3. We tested how a generalist phenotype of a broad diet and behavioural plasticity in marine blenny fish has facilitated the repeated invasion of extreme environ ments—particularly land—and how the conditions post-invasion have impacted that generalist phenotype and associated trophic morphology. 4. Our data show that a wide diet and plasticity in being able to shift between en vironments freely have been instrumental in the progressive invasion of land by amphibious blennies. Once established, however, terrestrial blennies have experi enced strong stabilizing selection for
Efficient generative model for motion deblurring

: This article proposes a generate model for motion deblurring based on generative adversarial network. The generate model adopts multi-level and multi-scale feature fusion structure. By concatenating different scales of images and feature maps and adding them by pixels, the image details of each level are obtained. The enlargement part of feature maps uses three branches, which can generate more rich and realistic detail. In the training process, three loss functions at the pixel level and the abstract level are used to make the training convergence faster and effectively assist the parameter learning of the generated model. Experiments show that the proposed approach is more efficient than many state-of-the-art methods.
Quaternion Markov Splicing Detection for Color Images Based on Quaternion Discrete Cosine Transform

With the increasing amount of splicing images, many detection schemes of splicing images are proposed. In this paper, a splicing detection scheme for color image based on the quaternion discrete cosine transform (QDCT) is proposed. Firstly, the proposed quaternion Markov features are extracted in QDCT domain. Secondly, the proposed quaternion Markov features consist of global and local quaternion Markov, which utilize both magnitude and three phases to extract Markov features by using two different ways. In total, 2916-D features are extracted. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) is used to detect the splicing images. In our experiments, the accuracy of the proposed scheme reaches 99.16% and 97.52% in CASIA TIDE v1.0 and CASIA TIDE v2.0, respectively, which exceeds that of the existing schemes.
A Comparative Study on Loadings of the Lower Extremity during Deep Squat in Asian and Caucasian Individuals via OpenSim Musculoskeletal Modelling

Populations of different ethnicities may present different movement capacities and muscular function adaptations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of motion and loading in the lower extremity during dynamic deep squats between Asian and Caucasian individuals using OpenSim modelling technique with a customized squat-specific musculoskeletal model. Twenty-four participants joined the test performing the step-squat test, with right foot stepping side, squatting, and returning. The one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping package was used for statistical analysis. The main findings of the current study were as follows: (1) significant lower squat depth was observed in the Asian individuals, (2) the greater knee range of motion and contact forces were found in the Asian individuals, and (3) the greater ankle contact forces in the Caucasian individuals were notable while performing the deep squat compared to the Asian group. Knowledge found in the current study may provide implication for exercise practitioners and physiotherapists while designing schemes for the prevention of loading accumulation in the lower extremity.
Explaining communities' adaptation strategies for coastal flood risk: Vulnerability and institutional factors

Increasing coastal flood risk has prompted a proliferation of cities that are adopting risk reduction and adaptation tools. This article inquires into what types of tools local governments tend to adopt for managing coastal flood risk and the factors that may be influencing these choices; in particular, factors related to hazard vulnerability and institutional capacity. Focusing on 40 diverse coastal communities in a study region in Canada, the study utilised data from the communities' Official Community Plans to characterise their approaches to managing coastal flood risk in terms of land use regulations, construction specifications, and/or structural flood protection tools. The data revealed considerable diversity in the portfolio of tools that the communities have adopted. Tool adoption was found to correlate strongly with hazard vulnerability; that is, communities with similar physical and socio‐economic vulnerability conditions tended to take similar adaptation actions. For example, established communities with highly urbanised coastlines tended to rely on structural flood protection while suburban communities with semi‐developed coastlines predominantly utilised land use regulations. Institutional factors such as resource availability and local leadership, which were operationalised using survey data, exhibited surprisingly little correlation with the types of tools that communities adopted.
Humor associated mirthful laughter increases the intensity of power spectral density (μV2) EEG gamma wave band frequency (31–40Hz) which is associated with neuronal synchronization, memory, recall, enhanced cognitive processing and other brain health benefits when compared to distress

Eustress and distress are complex processes that can differentially modulate positive or negative aspects of brain EEG frequencies and psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) mechanisms. The eustress of humor associated mirthful laughter (HAML) are related to fundamental aspects of human behavior. Some experiences are characterized by modulating brain, PNI mechanisms and behavior for positive health benefits. No known electroencephalographic (EEG) study has been conducted to differentiate Power Spectral Density μV2 (PSD) correlates across EEG frequency bins1–40Hz for comparison of eustress HAML and distress and which is the predominant frequency that may produce brain health benefits.
Iron isotope fractionation during goethite dissolution by oxalate

Goethite (α-FeOOH) is one of the dominant Fe oxide minerals in soils and sediments. Its dissolution behavior is closely connected to important biogeochemical processes (e.g., plant nutrition, weathering, pedogenesis, bacterial respiration). In the dark, oxalate dissolves goethite by a ligand-controlled process releasing Fe(III)-oxalate complexes to solution. In the presence of light, oxalate dissolves goethite by a photoreductive mechanism releasing Fe(II) to solution. We studied Fe isotope fractionation during goethite dissolution by 0.5M HCl (proton-promoted) and by oxalate at pH 3 in dark and light conditions. Samples were taken at different time steps (5 min to 95 d), centrifuged, filtered (0.025 μm) and measured by MC-ICPMS (Nu Plasma).
Étude transcriptomique de la réponse à l'hybridation chez l'omble de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill)

The genetic mechanisms underlying hybridization are poorly understood despite their importance in speciation processes, adaptative evolution and agronomical innovation. This thesis describes the transcriptomic responses and the mechanisms underlying the variations of length in hybrids of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis). In the first objective, comparison of transcript levels among the parental populations (Laval, Rupert and domestic) and hybrids by using microarrays revealed many differentially expressed transcripts among parental populations. These differences could have arisen because of adaptation to their respective environments and directional selection in the case of the domestic population. In addition, the hybrids exhibited different patterns of mode of transcript level inheritance, being mostly additive for one cross and highly nonadditive in the other two crosses. The results suggest that heterosis and outbreeding depression depend on genetic distance between the parental populations and are linked to interactions between dominant vs under/overdominant transcription regulation mechanisms. In addition to these mechanisms, parental effects represent an important source of variation in hybrids. Thus, the second objective was to study parental effects by comparing transcript levels among reciprocal hybrid crosses using microarrays. The results showed that parental effects acted differentially on hybrid transcriptomes over the course of development and that the differences involved by these effects once again depend on genetic distance among the parental populations. Finally, among the mechanisms that could affect transcript levels, variation in cis acting and trans acting regulatory elements is expected to play a major role. The third objective was to detect variants in cis acting regulatory elements for several genes in the hybrids using high throughput sequencing. This approach revealed significant associations between some alleles and length variation. The results of this thesis showed that the consequences of hybridization on both the transcriptome and the phénotype are highly dependent on the specific genetic architecture of crossed populations, and involved differences in the genetic architecture of gene expression.
A Novel Converter Topology for a Primary-Side Controlled Wireless EV Charger With a Wide Operation Range

The full-bridge commonly employed in the primary of an SAE J2954 compliant inductive power transfer (IPT) based wireless electric vehicle (EV) charger possesses many challenges. To alleviate these issues, expensive switches, and extra components are employed together with secondary-side regulation. As an alternative, this article proposes a new topology, termed integrated boost multilevel converter (IBMC). An IBMC consists of series-connected half-bridge submodules (SMs) in each arm, and the dc supply is connected to each arm through a dc inductor. When an IBMC is used as the primary converter, its ability to generate a boosted multilevel output voltage, enables it to regulate the power flow efficiently over a wide load/coupling range without requiring a secondary-side regulator. This article focuses on the operating principles of this new IBMC under steady-state conditions and discusses a modulation scheme that can be used to regulate the power flow while balancing the SM voltages. The benefits of the IBMC is experimentally validated using an SAE J2954 WPT2/Z2 compliant prototype. This prototype used an IBMC built with low-cost switching devices on the primary-side to regulate the power flow to 7.7 kW as the coupling factor changed between 0.11 and 0.25 while maintaining the system efficiency between 90.4% and 91.9%.
Escarabajos estercoleros asociados a sistemas de ganadería sostenible en diferentes regiones de Colombia

Investigamos la fauna de escarabajos estercoleros asociados a los sistemas de ganadería sostenible en diferentes regiones biogeográficas de Colombia, con el propósito de determinar la fauna local de estercoleros asociada al paisaje ganadero. Se incluye un conjunto de datos con los registros de escarabajos estercoleros de la subfamilia Scarabaeinae, procedentes de 18 fincas ganaderas ubicadas en ocho departamentos de Colombia: Atlántico (1), Boyacá (2), Caldas (2), Caquetá (1), Cesar (3), Meta (2), Tolima (3) y Valle del Cauca (4). El conjunto de datos está conformado por 1618 registros, 11 255 ejemplares pertenecientes a 19 géneros, 42 especies y 32 morfoespecies.
Electrolytes and ion conductors for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)

Abstract: The most commonly used electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is zirconia. However, pure zirconia is a poor oxide ion conductor and zirconium of valence IV must be partly substituted by cation with lower valence to allow oxide ion diffusion. Aside from lanthanum silicates with apatite structure, the structure of most of the oxides which have been studied as possible electrolyte derive from either the fluorite or the perovskite. They must be stable under both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, as dense and thin as possible, and act as electronic insulator with an ionic conductivity higher than 0.01 S.cm−1. In this chapter, after a brief introduction to the main requirements for electrolyte ceramics in SOFC, the main electrolyte materials currently studied will be reviewed, before dealing with the preparation of dense ceramics and the main characterization techniques.
Effects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Mouse Sperm Parameters and Testicular Tissue

Background: Iron oxide nanoparticles are commonly used for various purposes, such as biomedical, medical, and cosmetic services and research. However, there is a little information about the effects of the nanoparticles on human health. The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNP) on the reproductive organs of mice, such as the testicular tissue and sperm cells. Methods: Twenty-eight male NMRI mice were randomly divided in four groups (N=7). The control group received only a regular diet. The experimental groups were administered FeNP in doses of 50, 150 and 300 mg/Kg intraperitoneally (IP), over four days. Epididymal sperm parameters, such as sperm number and motility were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Stereological analysis was also conducted on the histological sections. Results: The results demonstrated that FeNP (300 mg/Kg/day) caused a significant decrease in the sperm parameters, such as motility, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatid, Sertoli, Leydig cells, total length of seminiferous tubules, and testicular interstitial tissue volumes. Conclusion: In summary, FeNP affected several reproductive tissue and cellular parameters at the administered dosage. Further research is required to examine the mechanism of action of FeNP the mice reproductive system.
Mid‐Holocene environmental change and human occupation at Sai Island, Northern Sudan

Holocene environmental change in the northern and central Nile Valley was controlled primarily by shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone over time, leading to changes in aridity and water availability for early occupants of the region. Although local environmental changes may help to motivate societal changes such as those in settlement patterns or technological productions, evidence from pedogenic carbonates at Sai Island, in northern Sudan, indicate that the most significant environmental changes predated a key shift in local food production from foraging to pastoralism. Changes in local environmental conditions from a wetter and more diverse vegetative context to a more arid and C4‐dominant landscape occurred during the occupation of Khartoum Variant foragers, whereas later Abkan pastoralists arrived without any notable differences in the region compared to the environments inhabited by the most recent foragers. The lack of an external environmental driver for food production changes at Sai suggests that other, potentially cultural factors were more important in these economic decisions in the mid‐Holocene.
The PsbT protein modifies the bicarbonate-binding environment of Photosystem II

ABSTRACT Photosystem II is the pigment–protein complex that oxidises water and reduces plastoquinone in oxygenic photosynthesis. Each Photosystem II complex contains four core proteins surrounded by 13 low-molecular-weight proteins. The 5-kDa PsbT protein is one of the subunits found at the interface of functional Photosystem II dimers. We previously observed that deletion of PsbT in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 slowed electron transfer and increased the susceptibility of Photosystem II to photodamage and that the addition of bicarbonate (or ) could prevent this photodamage. Bicarbonate is an essential Photosystem II cofactor that binds to a non-heme iron found between the QA and QB plastoquinone electron acceptors. Formate can bind to the non-heme iron thereby displacing bicarbonate and this results in blocked electron transfer and impaired oxygen evolution. We show Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells lacking PsbT exhibit an enhanced sensitivity to formate addition, while formate inhibition of oxygen evolution in these cells is reversed by the addition of bicarbonate. Our results suggest that binding is weakened in ΔPsbT cells and that PsbT plays a key role in maintaining the HCO3 –-iron-quinone electron-acceptor complex of Photosystem II and consequently moderates the susceptibility of Photosystem II to high-light-induced photodamage.
Performances, Ileal and Cecal Microbial Populations and Histological Characteristics in Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented with Lignocellulose

The effect of dietary lignocellulose on broilers performance, intestinal microbiota and morphology, pH of digesta and litter humidity after 28 and 42 days of the experiment was evaluated. A total of 384 Cobb500 chickens (initial weight: 41.88±1.56 g) were divided into 4 groups with 24 replications and fed with control diet (C), a control diet with added 0.4% of lignocellulose (T1), a diet with added 0.6% of lignocellulose at the expense of soybean meal and maize (T2), and a diet supplemented with 0.6% of lignocellulose at the expense of soybean meal (T3). T2 treatment significantly influenced body weight, weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). T2 and T3 treatment increased average LAB and Bifidobacterium spp. count, and decreased the number of Escherichia coli in the ileum and cecum, while differences in cecal Clostridium perfringens count among 0.4% and 0.6% treatments were not observed. Feeding the lignocellulose diet did not affect the relative weights of empty proventriculus, gizzard or intestines, but led to a decrease in pHs. T3 treatment caused an increase of the villi heights and significantly lower moisture content in the litter. Even though the addition of lignocellulose into broilers diet positively influenced performances, changes in intestinal microbiota and villi heights, based on the results of the present study, supplementation with 0.6% lignocellulose is recommended.
POLIDEZ E ESTRATÉGIAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO DE FACE EM NOTAS DE ESCLARECIMENTO EM VÍDEO DE CELEBRIDADES

This paper analyzes the functioning of politeness and face preservation strategies in two explanatory notes in videos produced by Brazilian celebrities. These subjects committed some infraction in complying with the rules of politeness in public situations of interaction and produced the notes with the objective of retraction and, in effect, of recovery of the affected positive face. These videos were posted on the profiles of these celebrities on the social network Instagram. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research that adopts a descriptive-interpretative analysis approach. The analysis was guided by the postulates of the pragmatic theory of politeness of Brown and Levinson (1987), of Goffman's ethnographic approach (1970) to the notion of face, in addition to semiotic perspectives of the study of interaction. The results show the importance and the different functions that the courtesy and face preservation strategies play in establishing the relationships between the subjects and the risks taken. In the examples of the discourse genre under analysis, these procedures seek to recover the positive image of the celebrity, threatened due to the bottleneck found in an interaction by accident.