Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Materials and Devices toward Printable and Flexible Sensors

Printable electronics present a new era of wearable electronic technologies. Detailed technologies consisting of novel ink semiconductor materials, flexible substrates, and unique processing methods can be integrated to create flexible sensors. To detect various stimuli of the human body, as well as specific environments, unique electronic devices formed by “ink‐based semiconductors” onto flexible and/or stretchable substrates have become a major research trend in recent years. Materials such as inorganic, organic, and hybrid semiconductors with various structures (i.e., 1D, 2D and 3D) with printing capabilities have been considered for bio and medical applications. In this review, we report recent progress in materials and devices for future wearable sensor technologies.
Hyperfiltration in Indigenous Australians with and without diabetes.

BACKGROUND Hyperfiltration (HF) has been linked to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the causative or predictive role of HF in the pathogenesis of DKD still remains unclear. To date, there have been no studies of HF in Indigenous Australians, a population with high rates of both diabetes and end-stage kidney disease. We aimed to compare the characteristics and frequency of HF in Indigenous Australians with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS Indigenous Australian participants, recruited across five pre-defined strata of health, diabetes status and kidney function, had a reference glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured using plasma disappearance of iohexol [measured GFR(mGFR)] over 4 h. HF was defined in various ways: (i) mGFR > 144 mL/min/1.73 m(2), which is mGFR > 1.96 × SD above the mean of the mGFR in non-diabetic participants with normal albuminuria and normal renal function (mGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)); (ii) age-corrected mGFR (>144 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) to account for the effect of ageing on GFR in subjects over 40 years of age with cut-off 1 mL/min/1.73 m(2) lower for every year; (iii) mGFR > 144 mL/min, without correction for body surface area or age, as well as (iv) mGFR > 125 mL/min/1.73 m(2), without adjustment for age. RESULTS A total of 383 Indigenous participants, 125 with and 258 without diabetes, with mGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m(2) were studied. The proportion of participants with HF was 7% using mGFR > 144 mL/min/1.73 m(2), 11% using the age-adjusted definition, 19% using mGFR > 144 mL/min and 27% using mGFR > 125 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Diabetes was more common in participants with HF (40-74%) compared with normofiltering participants (28-31%), regardless of the definition of HF. CONCLUSIONS HF exists in Indigenous Australians with and without diabetes. A greater proportion of participants had diabetes in HF group compared with normofiltration group. Long-term follow-up of this cohort is necessary to determine if HF plays a role in the development of DKD and non-DKD.
Genetic degeneration of old and young Y chromosomes in the flowering plant Rumex hastatulus

Significance Evolutionary theory predicts that in dioecious organisms with sex chromosomes, suppressed X-Y recombination should lead to a loss of Y-chromosome gene content and function. However, the extent to which this process occurs in plants, where sex chromosomes evolved relatively recently, is poorly understood. We tested for Y degeneration in Rumex hastatulus, an annual plant that has both XY and XY1Y2 sex chromosome systems. We found that Y-linked genes are undergoing degeneration despite their recent origin; they show a faster accumulation of amino acid substitutions, contain more unpreferred changes in codon usage, and are reduced in expression relative to X-linked alleles. Significantly, the magnitude of these effects depended on sex chromosome age, being greater for genes that have been nonrecombining for longer. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes have originated independently in many species, and a common feature of their evolution is the degeneration of the Y chromosome, characterized by a loss of gene content and function. Despite being of broad significance to our understanding of sex chromosome evolution, the genetic changes that occur during the early stages of Y-chromosome degeneration are poorly understood, especially in plants. Here, we investigate sex chromosome evolution in the dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus, in which X and Y chromosomes have evolved relatively recently and occur in two distinct systems: an ancestral XX/XY system and a derived XX/XY1Y2 system. This polymorphism provides a unique opportunity to investigate the effect of sex chromosome age on patterns of divergence and gene degeneration within a species. Despite recent suppression of recombination and low X-Y divergence in both systems, we find evidence that Y-linked genes have started to undergo gene loss, causing ∼28% and ∼8% hemizygosity of the ancestral and derived X chromosomes, respectively. Furthermore, genes remaining on Y chromosomes have accumulated more amino acid replacements, contain more unpreferred changes in codon use, and exhibit significantly reduced gene expression compared with their X-linked alleles, with the magnitude of these effects being greatest for older sex-linked genes. Our results provide evidence for reduced selection efficiency and ongoing Y-chromosome degeneration in a flowering plant, and indicate that Y degeneration can occur soon after recombination suppression between sex chromosomes.
Preliminary evidence of disease response to the pan deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) in refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

There are few treatment options for patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) who relapse after conventional therapies. Panobinostat is an orally available pan deacetylase inhibitor with evidence of activity in myeloid malignancies and cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Thirteen HL patients were treated with escalating doses of this novel agent in a phase IA/II multicentre study. A computed tomography partial response was achieved in 5/13(38%), and a metabolic response by 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐ glucose positron emission tomography scanning in 7/12 (58%) evaluable patients. This report describes the preliminary evidence of anti‐tumour activity seen in the early phase of this study, which recently closed to accrual.
Emergence of stable interfaces under extreme plastic deformation

Significance Many processing techniques, such as solid-state phase transformation, epitaxial growth, or solidification, can make nanocomposite materials with preferred crystallographic orientation relationships at internal interfaces. On the other hand, metal-working techniques can make composites in bulk quantities for structural applications but typically the resulting bimetal interfaces lack crystallographic order and are unstable with respect to heating. Using a metal-working roll-bonding technique, we find that at extreme plastic strains, the bimetal interfaces develop a remarkably ordered, preferred atomic structure. Using atomic-scale and crystal-plasticity simulations, we study the dynamical stability conditions responsible for this counterintuitive phenomenon. We show that the emergent interface corresponds to a unique stable state, which leads to exceptional mechanical, thermal, and irradiation stability of the nanocomposite. Atomically ordered bimetal interfaces typically develop in near-equilibrium epitaxial growth (bottom-up processing) of nanolayered composite films and have been considered responsible for a number of intriguing material properties. Here, we discover that interfaces of such atomic level order can also emerge ubiquitously in large-scale layered nanocomposites fabricated by extreme strain (top down) processing. This is a counterintuitive result, which we propose occurs because extreme plastic straining creates new interfaces separated by single crystal layers of nanometer thickness. On this basis, with atomic-scale modeling and crystal plasticity theory, we prove that the preferred bimetal interface arising from extreme strains corresponds to a unique stable state, which can be predicted by two controlling stability conditions. As another testament to its stability, we provide experimental evidence showing that this interface maintains its integrity in further straining (strains > 12), elevated temperatures (> 0.45 Tm of a constituent), and irradiation (light ion). These results open a new frontier in the fabrication of stable nanomaterials with severe plastic deformation techniques.
Primary Nocardia farcinica Brain Abscess With Secondary Relapsing Meningitis in an Immunocompromised Patient

Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in the form of cerebral abscesses may be a complication of nocardia infection. Nocardia farcinica , in particular, is believed to disseminate the CNS more often than other nocardia species, being associated with antibiotic resistance and therefore higher mortality. We describe the first case of a patient with relapsing meningitis caused by N. farcinica . A 61-year-old Caucasian man was admitted for evaluation of fever, headache and confusion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed cerebral abscesses and examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), polymorphonuclear count, elevated protein and hypoglycorrhachia. CSF cultures were negative, while multiplex polymerase chain reaction showed Staphylococcus aureus . The patient received vancomycin/meropenem and later, because he was still febrile, with symptoms from the CNS, linezolid/meropenem, in which he responded well. During the following months, he had to discontinue linezolid because of myelosuppression with subsequent relapses of meningitis. In such a relapse, the patient was admitted for reevaluation. CNS cultures grew N. farcinica , susceptible to linezolid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol and ceftriaxone. He was discharged on trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for 12 months. This is the first reported case of relapsing meningitis caused by N. farcinica . It highlights, on the one hand, the importance of the prolonged treatment in relapse’s prevention and on the other, the limited value of linezolid as prolonged treatment due to its long-term toxicities. J Med Cases. 2015;6(7):304-306 doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.14740/jmc2157w
Supramolecular Approaches to Graphene: From Self‐Assembly to Molecule‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation

Graphene, a one‐atom thick two‐dimensional (2D) material, is at the core of an ever‐growing research effort due to its combination of unique mechanical, thermal, optical and electrical properties. Two strategies are being pursued for the graphene production: the bottom‐up and the top‐down. The former relies on the use of covalent chemistry approaches on properly designed molecular building blocks undergoing chemical reaction to form 2D covalent networks. The latter occurs via exfoliation of bulk graphite into individual graphene sheets. Amongst the various types of exfoliations exploited so far, ultrasound‐induced liquid‐phase exfoliation (UILPE) is an attractive strategy, being extremely versatile, up‐scalable and applicable to a variety of environments. In this review, we highlight the recent developments that have led to successful non‐covalent functionalization of graphene and how the latter can be exploited to promote the process of molecule‐assisted UILPE of graphite. The functionalization of graphene with non‐covalently interacting molecules, both in dispersions as well as in dry films, represents a promising and modular approach to tune various physical and chemical properties of graphene, eventually conferring to such a 2D system a multifunctional nature.
Hassallidins, antifungal glycolipopeptides, are widespread among cyanobacteria and are the end-product of a nonribosomal pathway

Significance New antifungal compounds are needed due to an increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections and resistance to many currently used drugs. Here we show that cyanobacteria are a rich source of antifungal compounds such as glycosylated lipopeptides, called hassallidins, which are commonly produced by filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. A diverse group of hassallidins and their complex nonribosomal biosynthesis were characterized in detail. Hassallidins and their previously unidentified biosynthetic enzymes offer new material for drug development. In addition, these compounds may have an ecological role in protecting cyanobacteria from parasitic fungi. Cyanobacteria produce a wide variety of cyclic peptides, including the widespread hepatotoxins microcystins and nodularins. Another class of peptides, cyclic glycosylated lipopeptides called hassallidins, show antifungal activity. Previously, two hassallidins (A and B) were reported from an epilithic cyanobacterium Hassallia sp. and found to be active against opportunistic human pathogenic fungi. Bioinformatic analysis of the Anabaena sp. 90 genome identified a 59-kb cryptic inactive nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster proposed to be responsible for hassallidin biosynthesis. Here we describe the hassallidin biosynthetic pathway from Anabaena sp. SYKE748A, as well as the large chemical variation and common occurrence of hassallidins in filamentous cyanobacteria. Analysis demonstrated that 20 strains of the genus Anabaena carry hassallidin synthetase genes and produce a multitude of hassallidin variants that exhibit activity against Candida albicans. The compounds discovered here were distinct from previously reported hassallidins A and B. The IC50 of hassallidin D was 0.29–1.0 µM against Candida strains. A large variation in amino acids, sugars, their degree of acetylation, and fatty acid side chain length was detected. In addition, hassallidins were detected in other cyanobacteria including Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Nostoc, and Tolypothrix. These compounds may protect some of the most important bloom-forming and globally distributed cyanobacteria against attacks by parasitic fungi.
High resolution SNP array genomic profiling of peripheral T cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified, identifies a subgroup with chromosomal aberrations affecting the REL locus

Little is known about genomic aberrations in peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS). We studied 47 PTCL NOS by 250k GeneChip single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and detected genomic imbalances in 22 of the cases. Recurrent gains and losses were identified, including gains of chromosome regions 1q32–43, 2p15–16, 7, 8q24, 11q14–25, 17q11–21 and 21q11–21 (≥5 cases each) as well as losses of chromosome regions 1p35–36, 5q33, 6p22, 6q16, 6q21–22, 8p21–23, 9p21, 10p11–12, 10q11–22, 10q25–26, 13q14, 15q24, 16q22, 16q24, 17p11, 17p13 and Xp22 (≥4 cases each). Genomic imbalances affected several regions containing members of nuclear factor‐kappaB signalling and genes involved in cell cycle control. Gains of 2p15–16 were confirmed in each of three cases analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and were associated with breakpoints at the REL locus in two of these cases. Three additional cases with gains of the REL locus were detected by FISH among 18 further PTCL NOS. Five of 27 PTCL NOS investigated showed nuclear expression of the REL protein by immunohistochemistry, partly associated with genomic gains of the REL locus. Therefore, in a subgroup of PTCL NOS gains/rearrangements of REL and expression of REL protein may be of pathogenetic relevance.
Haemostasis and thrombosis in liver disease

Liver disease impacts on both primary and secondary haemostatic mechanisms and historically these changes were thought to underpin the bleeding diathesis. However, bleeding complications in patients with liver disease are unpredictable, with the majority of haemorrhagic episodes occurring as a result of porto‐systemic varices. Thrombosis is an increasingly recognised complication and systemic hypercoagulability may contribute to the development of parenchymal extinction and accelerated hepatic fibrosis. Routine laboratory tests do not reliably predict the risk of haemorrhage and the optimal management strategy to avert potential bleeding complications is yet to be established. There may be a future role for global coagulation assays, such as thrombelastograpy and thrombin generation, in both stratifying the risk of bleeding and guiding management of these patients.
Accumulation and enhanced cycling of polyphosphate by Sargasso Sea plankton in response to low phosphorus

Significance Phosphorus is scarce in many subtropical ocean regions, and phytoplankton in these regions adjust their biochemical composition such that they require less of it. We show here that phytoplankton in the ultra–low-phosphorus Sargasso Sea are enriched in polyphosphate (polyP), a phosphorus molecule hitherto thought of primarily as a luxury storage product in marine phytoplankton. We further show that polyP appears to be more readily recycled in the surface ocean than other phosphorus-containing biochemicals. Thus, the high relative levels, and fast cycling, of polyP in low-phosphorus environments may form a feedback loop that contributes bioavailable phosphorus for primary production, potentially reducing the likelihood of growth limitation by phosphorus. Phytoplankton alter their biochemical composition according to nutrient availability, such that their bulk elemental composition varies across oceanic provinces. However, the links between plankton biochemical composition and variation in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients remain largely unknown. In a survey of phytoplankton phosphorus stress in the western North Atlantic, we found that phytoplankton in the phosphorus-depleted subtropical Sargasso Sea were enriched in the biochemical polyphosphate (polyP) compared with nutrient-rich temperate waters, contradicting the canonical oceanographic view of polyP as a luxury phosphorus storage molecule. The enrichment in polyP coincided with enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and substitution of sulfolipids for phospholipids, which are both indicators of phosphorus stress. Further, polyP appeared to be liberated preferentially over bulk phosphorus from sinking particles in the Sargasso Sea, thereby retaining phosphorus in shallow waters. Thus, polyP cycling may form a feedback loop that attenuates the export of phosphorus when it becomes scarce, contributes bioavailable P for primary production, and supports the export of carbon and nitrogen via sinking particles.
Abstract P2-01-22: Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy with modified injection technique: High visualization rate and accurate staging

Background: Although the 2009 AJCC incorporated the internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) concept, there has been little change in surgical practice patterns due to the low internal mammary sentinel lymph nodes (IM-SLNs) visualization rate (VR) with the traditional radiotracer injection technique (average 13%, 0-37%). In this study, various injection techniques were evaluated in term of the IM-SLNs VR in clinically axilla lymph nodes (ALNs) negative patients, and the impact of IM-SLNB on the diagnostic and prognostic value were analyzed both in clinically ALNs negative (NCT01642511) and positive patients (NCT01668914). Methods: 340 patients with T1-2 invasive breast cancer were enrolled. Clinically ALNs negative patients (n=293) were divided into 3 groups according to the study period and radiotracer injection technique. Group A: traditional technique (peritumoral intraparenchymal injection) for the initial 58 cases; Group B: periareolar intraparenchymal injection under the ultrasonography guidance in the latter 235 cases, the injection sites were chosen at the 6 and 12 o’clock positions 0.5-1.0 cm from areola (about 2.0-4.0 cm from the nipple). Group B was then separated into 2 groups according to the radiotracer injection volume: Group B1, low volume ( Results: Clinically ALNs-negative: The IM-SLNs VR was significantly higher by lymphoscintigraphy in Group B than that in Group A (63.0% vs. 13.8%, P Clinically ALNs-positive: IM-SLNB was performed in all patients with drainage to IM-SLNs (VR: 70.2%, 33/47); the successful rate was 100 % (33/33). The IM-SLNs was positive in 21.2% patients, and the internal mammary radiotherapy could be guided with this IM-SLNB results. Conclusions: The modified injection technique (periareolar intraparenchymal, high volume and ultrasonography guidance) significantly improved the IM-SLNs VR, making the routine IM-SLNB possible in daily practice. IM-SLNB could provide individual staging, prognosis, and decision-making of the internal mammary radiotherapy for breast cancer patients, especially in positive ALNs and high-risk negative ALNs patients. Citation Format: Peng-Fei Qiu, Bin-bin Cong, Rong-Rong Zhao, Yan-Bing Liu, Guo-Ren Yang, Peng Chen, Yong-Sheng Wang. Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy with modified injection technique: High visualization rate and accurate staging [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-22.
Speciation of a group I intron into a lariat capping ribozyme

Significance We report the crystal structures of precleavage and postcleavage forms of the lariat-capping (LC) ribozyme. The structures show how domains from an ancestral group I ribozyme have evolved due to loss of selection pressure for self-splicing. Instead, a branching activity has been selected, resulting in capping the downstream mRNA by a 3-nt lariat stabilized by the ribozyme core. The LC ribozyme constitutes an original ribozyme family with an unexpected 3D structure that departs significantly from that of group I introns. The structures also elucidate the regulatory domain’s role in transmitting a signal for cleavage to the ribozyme. The characterization of this natural evolutionary RNA speciation event is, to our knowledge, the first described at such an intricate level. The lariat-capping (LC) ribozyme is a natural ribozyme isolated from eukaryotic microorganisms. Despite apparent structural similarity to group I introns, the LC ribozyme catalyzes cleavage by a 2′,5′ branching reaction, leaving the 3′ product with a 3-nt lariat cap that functionally substitutes for a conventional mRNA cap in the downstream pre-mRNA encoding a homing endonuclease. We describe the crystal structures of the precleavage and postcleavage LC ribozymes, which suggest that structural features inherited from group I ribozymes have undergone speciation due to profound changes in molecular selection pressure, ultimately giving rise to an original branching ribozyme family. The structures elucidate the role of key elements that regulate the activity of the LC ribozyme by conformational switching and suggest a mechanism by which the signal for branching is transmitted to the catalytic core. The structures also show how conserved interactions twist residues, forming the lariat to join chemical groups involved in branching.