Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of novel antimicrobial agents: emerging strategies.

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Experimental Characterization of Acoustic Streaming in Gradients of Density and Compressibility

Suppression of boundary-driven Rayleigh streaming has recently been demonstrated for fluids of spatial inhomogeneity in density and compressibility owing to the competition between the boundary-layer-induced streaming stress and the inhomogeneity-induced acoustic body force. To understand the implications of this for acoustofluidic particle handling in the submicrometer regime, we here characterize acoustic streaming by general defocusing particle tracking inside a half-wavelength acoustic resonator filled with two miscible aqueous solutions of different density and speed of sound by adjusting the mass fraction of solute molecules. We follow the temporal evolution of the system as the solute molecules become homogenized by diffusion and advection. The acoustic streaming is suppressed in the bulk of the microchannel for 70-200 s, depending on the choice of inhomogeneous solutions. From confocal measurements of the concentration field of fluorescently labeled Ficoll solute molecules, we conclude that the temporal evolution of the acoustic streaming depends on the diffusivity and the initial distribution of these molecules. Suppression and deformation of the streaming rolls are observed for inhomogeneities in the solute mass fraction down to 0.1%. (Less)
«No hay tiempo conforme»: Percepciones sobre el cambio climático en comunidades indígenas de la Amazonía peruana

article presents some of the main results of a research project about the perception of indigenous communities about climate change. The research was developed in two periods, between 2011 and 2016, and the field-work took place in communities of four different indigenous peoples: Asháninka, Awajún, Shipibo-Konibo and Kukama, communities located in the Peruvian regions of Junín, San Martín, Ucayali y Loreto.
Development of the Rapid Test Kit for the Identification of Campylobacter spp. Based on Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) in Combination with a Lateral Flow Dipstick (LFD) and Gold Nano-DNA Probe (AuNPs)

The detection of Campylobacter spp. in meat products was developed by using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with DNA-based bioassay methods, including a lateral-flow dipstick (LFD) and gold nano-DNA probe (AuNPs) assay. The LAMP primers were designed from the conserved nucleotide regions of Campylobacter spp. The analytical sensitivity of the LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AuNPs analysis was 360 fg/μl. The analytical specificity of LAMP-based assays showed no cross-reactions to Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter diversus.The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of both LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AuNPs for the detection of pre-enrichment cultures from raw chicken meat samples were 100%, 95% and 96.67%, respectively. Since the processing time of LAMP-based assays is 60-90 minutes, it is applicable as a point-of-care screening test for food safety and as a process control of Campylobacter spp. contamination.
Estrogens, Estrogen Receptor, and Breast Cancer

Estrogens have been implicated to play a role in the development of breast cancer. The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive analysis of experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidence in support of the carcinogenicity of estrogens. The book is organized into seven chapters with the first one providing a historical review. The second chapter analyzes estrogen synthesis and metabolism basedo nt he molecular and pharmacogenetic characterization of enzymes that determine estrogen levels in the breast. The next chapter is devoted to the molecular endocrinology of the estrogen receptors alpha and beta, including insights into the crystallographic structure and the interaction with coactivators, cointegrators and chromatin. Chapter four addresses physiological effects of estrogens on development, differentiation, and the cell cycle, that are pertinent to breast cancer. Pathological effects resulting in the formation of estrogen-DNA adducts from catechol estrogen intermediates are reviewed as part of experimental carcinogenesis. The rest remaining chapters describe the clinical correlates of estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer with emphasis on practical aspects of receptor status determination, abnormalities of the estrogen receptor gene, mRNA, and protein, and the utility of the receptor as marker of hormone dependence and prognostic indicator. A detailed analysis of other tumour markers and their relation to estrogen receptor in breast cancer if presented with emphasis on clinical relevance. The role of endogenous estrogens as breast cancer risk factor as well as the risk associated with exogenous estrogens in form of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy is analysed. The potential roles of phytoestrogens and xenoestrogens are also discussed. Finally, a unified model of breast cancer development in presented which takes into account the latest findings in molecular epidemiology, pharmacogenetics, and experimental biology.
Detection of Bonamia ostreae in fixed Ostrea edulis tissues by use of specific PCR assays

Infection by the parasite Bonamia ostreae has infected and caused major mortality of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, over the last 25 years throughout the coasts of Europe and the United States of America. The conventional techniques for the diagnosis of infection with Bonamia ostreae are typically by histology and cytology. Both have a low sensitivity and Bonamia ostreae in weekly infected oysters can remain undetected when analyzed by such techniques. Molecular methods like the Polymerase Chain Reaction have recently been applied for a more reliable and sensitive detection of Bonamia ostreae.The aim of this project was to optimize a PCR for the specific detection of the 18S Small Ribosomal subunit rDNA gene of Bonamia ostreae in formalin fixed Ostrea edulis tissues. While the PCR was successfully optimized for purified oyster DNA from fresh tissue it was difficult to apply on formalin fixed oyster tissues due to poor quality DNA from the fixed tissues. Ethanol fixed tissues were also tested for Bonamia ostreae, however, the primers were not specific for Bonamia ostreae and uninfected oysters also tested positive which led to the conclusion that the PCR could not be used as a reliable detection method for Bonamia ostreae in oysters. Despite using alternative primers which were designed to amplify other components of the Bonamia ostreae genome no consistent results were achieved to reliably use the PCR method for the accurate detection of Bonamia ostreae in oysters. The conclusion of this project is that other genomic sites in Bonamia ostreae must be identified as a target for PCR for this test to be specific.
Interaction of Aeolothrips intermedium and Onus niger in controlling Thrips tabaci on potato.

Aeolothrips intermedius (Bagnall) and Orius niger (Wolff) feed on larvae-I-II and adults of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) in the potato fields of Ardabil region. Predation by O. niger, one female and one nymph-V and A. intermedius, three adults and three larvae-II, was determined in the separated and combined uses at three densities of larvae-II onion thrips with a aim to investigate the additive effect and intraguild predation of O. niger and A. intermedius in the combined uses and compared with the separated uses at three densities of prey. In the separated uses O. niger, one female and one nymph-V, consumed more prey than A. intermedius, three adults and three larvae-II, at three densities of prey. Predation in the combined uses of O. niger and A. intermedius at the 50 and 100 prey densities were higher compared to the separated uses of each predator alone. These results indicated that at the 50 and 100 prey densities, additive effects were occurred on the mortality of prey when two predators were used synchronously. Whereas predation in the combined uses of O. niger and A. intermedius at the 10 prey density, were not higher than the separated uses of each predator alone. Interaguild predation of O. niger, female and nymph V, on A. intermedius, adults and larvae-II, were observed also at the 10 prey density. The combined uses of O. niger and A. intermedius at high population density of onion thrips compare to low density can be successful in biological control of this pest.
Molecular phylogenetics, floral convergence and systematics of Dichromanthus and Stenorrhynchos (Orchidaceae: Spiranthinae)

Contrasting generic concepts of Dichromanthus and Stenorrhynchos held recently by taxonomists were assessed by means of parsimony and Bayesian cladistics analyses of 40 species/22 genera of Spiranthinae and over 2400 base pairs of non-coding nuclear and plastid DNA. Floral structure of relevant taxa was compared using fresh, pickled and herbarium specimens. Our results indicate that a broad concept of Dichromanthus corresponds to a strongly supported monophyletic group sharing several ecogeographical attributes and at least one putative floral synapomorphy (nectary formed by a narrow channel at the base of the labellum). Dichromanthus s.l. occupies a derived position within the Spiranthes clade, with Deiregyne being strongly supported as its sister genus. Stenorrhynchos, as delimited by most previous taxonomists, is shown to be polyphyletic; monophyly requires a narrower delimitation and this narrow concept is strongly supported as belonging in the Stenorrhynchos clade, which also includes members of the genera Eltroplectris, Mesadenella, Pteroglossa and Sacoila. The scant published information on natural pollination and inferences made from flower colouration and morphology suggest convergence in floral characteristics between species of Dichromanthus, Stenorrhynchos and probably other distantly related genera as a result of independent adaptation to pollination by hummingbirds. Bee-pollinated D. michuacanus is recovered in a derived position relative to hummingbird-pollinated Dichromanthus spp. , suggesting a secondary reversal in this trait. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 167, 1–18.
Profile of adolescent social media user in rural area

Background: With the widespread accessibility of internet in India over last decade, use of social media has become more popular especially in teenage children. Social media can be used for variety of reasons. It can be useful or may have adverse effects. In urban area use of social media is expected to be more however data regarding use of social media by adolescent children in this area is lacking. This study is conducted to know various aspects of social media use by adolescent children in rural part of Kolhapur district. Method: 650 students, with equal sex distributionin the age group of 15-18 years studying in 11 & 12 class from two rural areas of Kolhapur district were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 version. Result: 87.86% rural adolescent children were found to use social media. Most of them were using it for entertainment and communication than for educational purpose. 30% children expressed negative feelings and more than half reported social media affecting their life style adversely. Conclusion: Accessibility to electronic gadgets, internet and social media is rapidly increasing to rural area. Along with good aspects of social media, negative aspects are also affecting rural adolescent children significantly. This highlight need for timely interventional strategies.
Infant Feeding Practices and Challenges: A Pilot‐Study in Lebanon

The improvement of infant feeding practices has been reported as an effective preventive strategy for reducing the burden of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs). While high rates of NCDs are reported from Lebanon, little is known on child feeding practices in the country. This paper is based on a pilot‐study investigating feeding practices and nutritional status among 0–2 years old children, in one of the main rural areas of Lebanon (Beqaa). Subjects (n=150) were recruited from selected villages by cluster random sampling. Data on feeding practices, anthropometric measurements and 24‐hour dietary recalls were collected. Stunting, underweight and wasting were identified in 16.8, 9.1 and 4.1% of children, respectively; overweight and obesity were documented in 11.5 and 2.7%, respectively. Less than 10% of infants were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months, with 52.6% being introduced to complementary foods at less than 4 months of age. Approximately, 45% of subjects did not meet the WHO indicators for Minimum Dietary Diversity and Minimal Acceptable Diet. Inadequate nutrient intakes were noted, particularly for iron, calcium, vitamin D and folate. Findings highlight the need for nationwide investigations of feeding practices and child nutritional status in Lebanon. Evidence‐based interventions can then be spearheaded to enhance early childhood nutrition, thus potentially reducing the burden of NCDs.
Radial variation of wood anatomical characters of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill Ex Maiden and age of transition between adult and juvenile wood.

The aim of the present work was to study the radial variation in anatomical characteristics, in order to characterize juvenile and mature wood of Eucalyptus grandis. From three trees, were analized fiber dimensions (length, diameter and total wall thickness and lumen) and vessel elements (tangential diameter), percentage of anatomical elements (vassel, fibers and axial parenchyma) and microfibrillar angle. The percentage of anatomical elements and the tangential diameter of vessel did not very significantely. The age of transition from the wood of juvenile and adult could be identified through the radial variation of the fibers and the angle microfibrillar and occurred between 5th and 11th year.
Assessment the possibility of probiotic jelly production using microencapsulation technique of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria.

The aim of this study is to improve the pH and thermal sensivity of probiotics for using them in new functional foods, to this Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 was encapsulated with calcium alginate and some of capsules coated by chitosan. The probiotics bacteria were inoculated to jelly in their free and two microencapsulated forms and stored for 6 weeks at 7 and 25 ̊ᴄ. The morphology and size of microcapsules were measured by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique and particle size analyzer.The thermal resistance in exposing to 70 ̊ᴄ-20min and survival of free and both two microencapsulated bacteria during storage were measured. the pH changes in jelly were also monitored during storage. Sensory evaluation was performed. the pH changes of jelly with microencapsulated L.acidophilus were slower than jelly containing free bacteria during storage. The survival rate of microencapsulated L. acidophilus was significantly higher than free bacteria and in low temperature (P < 0.05) due to the protective property of calcium alginate capsules. Viability of bacteria in this capsules was about 107 cfu/ml after 6 weeks. The effect of microencapsulation on thermal resistance property of probiotics was significant (P˂0.05). The inoculation of free probiotic had significant effect on texture, color, taste, odor, transparency and overall sensory characterization of jelly over the storage period at 4°C (P˂0.05) as it was unacceptable. The microencapsulation with alginate-chitosan effectively protected the L. acidophilus from heat and acid treatment in the product. * Corresponding Author: s.talebzadeh  s.talebzadeh@ymail.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 143-154, 2014
The Impact of Merger and Acquisition Firms on Stock Market Bubble

In this research, we have endeavored to ascertain how the Merger & Acquisition firms effect the Pakistani stock market (PSX) during all stages of bubble periods. The regression results of “transaction multiples” and “inverse transaction multiples” show that the trading of the securities of Merger & Acquisition firms has increased in all stages of bubble periods less crash period where they decreased. The regression results have also revealed that Pakistani investors in the stock market carry a “weak financial knowledge & financial risk distress management” & they prefer market manipulation for discounting & therefore, they are adversely hit market manipulations in the stock exchange while trading securities. Resultantly, managerial incentives, as well as cost of capital of Merger & Acquisition firms, stand increased with the help of relevance of accounting, Earnings manipulation & by exercise Investing Activities.
Annual dynamics of global land cover and its long-term changes from 1982 to 2015

Abstract. Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the Earth. As the cause and result of global environmental change, land cover change (LCC) influences the global energy balance and biogeochemical cycles. Continuous and dynamic monitoring of global LC is urgently needed. Effective monitoring and comprehensive analysis of LCC at the global scale are rare. With the latest version of GLASS (Global Land Surface Satellite) CDRs (climate data records) from 1982 to 2015, we built the first record of 34-year-long annual dynamics of global land cover (GLASS-GLC) at 5 km resolution using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Compared to earlier global land cover (LC) products, GLASS-GLC is characterized by high consistency, more detail, and longer temporal coverage. The average overall accuracy for the 34 years each with seven classes, including cropland, forest, grassland, shrubland, tundra, barren land, and snow/ice, is 82.81 % based on 2431 test sample units. We implemented a systematic uncertainty analysis and carried out a comprehensive spatiotemporal pattern analysis. Significant changes at various scales were found, including barren land loss and cropland gain in the tropics, forest gain in the Northern Hemisphere, and grassland loss in Asia. A global quantitative analysis of human factors showed that the average human impact level in areas with significant LCC was about 25.49 %. The anthropogenic influence has a strong correlation with the noticeable vegetation gain, especially for forest. Based on GLASS-GLC, we can conduct long-term LCC analysis, improve our understanding of global environmental change, and mitigate its negative impact. GLASS-GLC will be further applied in Earth system modeling to facilitate research on global carbon and water cycling, vegetation dynamics, and climate change. The GLASS-GLC data set presented in this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.913496 (Liu et al., 2020).
Impacts of a Balanced Omega 6:3 Diet on Fatty Acid Deposition in White and Brown Adipose Tissue and Circulating Plasma in the Hibernating Arctic Ground Squirrel

Hibernators, such as arctic ground squirrels (AGS), fuel the majority of all their metabolic needs from fat deposits through the hibernation season (Dark 2005). Natural fatty acid profiles of free‐ranging AGS have omega 6:3 ratios close to 1:1, showing a far higher consumption of omega 3 fatty acids than captive animals, fed a standard Mazuri rodent chow (which have omega 6:3 ratios close to 8:1). Specific concentrations of omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) enhance hibernation (Frank 2008) and absence of essential fatty acids reduce time in torpor (Florant 1993). To our knowledge, only three studies have investigated the impact of omega 3s on hibernation physiology (Giroud 2018, Frank 2004, and Hill and Florant 2000). In other species, high consumption of omega 3 fatty acids show dose‐dependent lowering of serum triglycerides with other health benefits (Balk 2006). How increased consumption of omega 3 fatty acids impact brown adipose tissue deposition and fatty acid profiles in tissue and serum related to storage and utilization in hibernating AGS is unknown.
The hAT and CACTA Superfamilies of Plant Transposons

This chapter focuses primarily on what is known about the hAT and Enhancer/Suppressor-mutator (En/Spm) superfamilies of plant mobile elements. It discusses features of their biology and their transposition mechanisms that have become known in the past decade. While sequences that structurally resemble these element families have been found in a variety of plant species, the authors deal only with those that are known to transpose. Control of En/Spm transposition is complex, intimately tied to the developmental processes in the host maize plant, and has been the subject of genetically elegant and fascinating studies that date back half a century. Tam1 was isolated as a 17-kb insertion in the highly unstable niv-53 allele of Antirrhinum majus. The genetic properties and molecular structure indicate that Tam1 is an autonomous member of the CACTA superfamily. Tpn1 also shows some of the genetic characteristics of En/Spm, most notably the ability to have both suppressor and mutator functions. Transposons have proven to be powerful mutagens that enable selection for disruptions of virtually any gene. Since their molecular isolation, plant transposons have been used extensively as probes to isolate genes mutagenized in exactly this manner. Two general approaches have been taken in plants: tagging with endogenous elements where they are available and well-characterized (primarily in maize, in petunia, and in Antirrhinum), and tagging with transposons from heterologous systems.