Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Bifid median nerve in the carpal tunnel: integrated imaging].

PURPOSE Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve at the level of the wrist, which is caused by different pathologic conditions. In some cases it has been associated with anatomic variations of the median nerve, mainly with the early duplication of the nerve inside the carpal tunnel (III Group of Lanz). The treatment of CTS is mainly surgical consisting in decompression by transection of the transverse carpal ligament, which is better performed by endoscopic release. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possibility to detect this anatomic variant by integrated imaging and assess the value of this information for planning treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS We report 6 cases of bifid median nerve examined by Ultrasonography (US) using mechanic sectorial and linear array transducers operating at 10 to 13 MHz, and by MR imaging using 0.2 T equipment. RESULTS In all cases US transverse scans showed two adjacent oval formations with a structure similar to that of the median nerve. CONCLUSIONS. MR imaging confirmed the sonographic findings in all cases. All patients underwent open surgical treatment by decompression of the median nerve; in all cases an early duplicated median nerve was confirmed.
Fibroblasts in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated With Perineural Invasion Have High-Level Nuclear Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Expression

We retrospectively studied the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) using immunohistochemical staining in 10 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with associated perineural invasion. We find that fibroblasts in areas associated with perineural invasion show higher levels of nuclear YAP compared to fibroblasts in the stroma of normal mucosa, with a median cell count of 35.4 per high-power field in the former and 3.9 in the latter. No differences were observed between the expression of YAP phosphorylated at Ser127 in the tumoral stroma compared to that in the normal mucosa, with a median cell count expression of 4.9 in the former versus 5.0 in the latter. Therefore, a strong and increased nuclear YAP expression in fibroblasts associated with perineural invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma suggests that YAP-mediated transcription programs in these fibroblasts may contribute to perineural invasion.
A Survey on Patch-based Synthesis: GPU Implementation and Optimization

This thesis surveys the research in patch-based synthesis and algorithms for finding correspondences between small local regions of images. We additionally explore a large kind of applications of this new fast randomized matching technique. One of the algorithms we have studied in particular is PatchMatch, can find similar regions or "patches" of an image one to two orders of magnitude faster than previous techniques. The algorithmic program is driven by applying mathematical properties of nearest neighbors in natural images. It is observed that neighboring correspondences tend to be similar or "coherent" and use this observation in algorithm in order to quickly converge to an approximate solution. The algorithm is the most general form can find k-nearest neighbor matching, using patches that translate, rotate, or scale, using arbitrary descriptors, and between two or more images. Speed-ups are obtained over various techniques in an exceeding range of those areas. We have explored many applications of PatchMatch matching algorithm. In computer graphics, we have explored removing unwanted objects from images, seamlessly moving objects in images, changing image aspect ratios, and video summarization. In computer vision we have explored denoising images, object detection, detecting image forgeries, and detecting symmetries. We conclude by discussing the restrictions of our algorithmic program, GPU implementation and areas for future analysis.
Characterization of immunoregulatory T cells in EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis by monoclonal antibodies.

IN infectious mononucleosis induced by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), an initial viral infection of B lymphocytes1 is usually followed by an extensive proliferation of T cells.2 , 3 In functional studies these T cells are cytotoxic against EBV-infected lymphoid cells4 , 5 and inhibit their outgrowth.6 In addition, they suppress autologous T-cell proliferation to antigens as well as B-cell immunoglobulin production stimulated by pokeweed mitogen.7 , 8 They are thought to be of major importance in the self-limiting aspect of the disease. Maturation and differentiation of T-lymphoid cells into lymphocyte subsets with particular immunologic functions is expressed by distinctive patterns of cell-surface antigens.9 Recently, monoclonal antibodies directed .
A Very Stable Cyclic DNA Miniduplex with Just Two Base Pairs

Cyclic mini-DNA duplexes, as shown in the scheme, have been synthesized in high yield on the multimicromole scale by using click chemistry. These B-like duplexes are very stable and bind to drugs, such as distamycin A and 7-aminoactinomycin D. Circular dichroism indicates that the bases are stacked, and UV melting and NMR spectroscopy showed that the interbase hydrogen bonds are very stable, even in a dimer.
A tool for classifying office documents

The authors present the design of a tool for classifying office documents. They represent a document's layout structure using an ordered labeled tree, called the layout structure tree (L-S-tree), based on a nested segmentation procedure. The tool uses a sample-based approach for learning, where concepts are learned by retaining samples and new documents are classified by matching their L-S-trees with samples. The matching process involves both computing the edit distance between two trees using a previously developed pattern matching toolkit, and calculating the degree of conceptual closeness between the documents and samples. The experimental results show that the tool is capable of classifying various types of office documents, even with very few samples in the sample base.
Influence of Osmolarity and the Presence of an Osmoprotectant on Lactococcus lactis Growth and Bacteriocin Production

ABSTRACT Growth inhibition of Lactococcus lactis provoked by increasing osmolarity is reversed when glycine betaine (GB) or its analogs are added to a defined medium. Lacticin 481 production increased sharply with growth medium osmolarity in the absence of osmoprotectant but remained unaffected when GB was supplied in media of increasing osmolarity.
Chinese character recognition: a twenty-five-year retrospective

The author assesses the current status of the field and places the problem of Chinese recognition into perspective with other areas of optical character recognition. Early experiments are briefly reviewed, and sources of more up-to-date information, including review articles, are indicated, advances in computer technology are discussed that have had a significant impact on the problem, and a sampling of relatively recent research on the classification of both printed and handprinted ideographs is presented. Included in the discussion are techniques of preprocessing (character location and segmentation) and hierarchical classification. <<ETX>>
Investigating the attitude of the average Saudi towards the Social Media

It could be easily claimed, that the use of social networks has entered the era of maturity after almost a decade from their birth. The large technology vendors are all the more interested in getting involved in the Social Media game unable to afford the case of being left out of these easy, compact and huge potential markets. Many studies see the light of publicity and they all are somehow associated with this matter. This exploratory and mainly qualitative study of several parts aims to reveal not just some demographics facts related with the usage of the social networks but to delve deeper into the hidden details of this usage and, possibly, shed light into the positive and negatives of this usage both from a users but also from a business’s perspective. In this first part the effect of the personality of the average user on his/her attitude towards the Social Media is investigated. The scope of the whole study is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia mainly because of its particularities but, also, because of its importance for the Arab world. The results show a general agreement as to the main conclusion of other public surveys in the country pointing to a heavy use of the social networks, at more than 85%. They also suggest that the younger the individual the more likely it is to get involved in the Social Media and in the case of female individuals, though slightly less in population, but seemingly more intense use of them. Education does not seem to affect the frequency of the use as long as the individual has a degree at least higher than a secondary diploma. Likewise income and employment status only indirectly affect this use since they affect the amount of free time one has to get involve with the social networks. Finally, as expected, the more one is connected with the Internet the heavier the use of the Social Media. Key-Words:Saudi Arabia, Social Media, Personal Attributes
Drug Transporters on Arachnoid Barrier Cells Contribute to the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier

The subarachnoid space, where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows over the brain and spinal cord, is lined on one side by arachnoid barrier (AB) cells that form part of the blood-CSF barrier. However, despite the fact that drugs are administered into the CSF and CSF drug concentrations are used as a surrogate for brain drug concentration following systemic drug administration, the tight-junctioned AB cells have never been examined for whether they express drug transporters that would influence CSF and central nervous system drug disposition. Hence, we characterized drug transporter expression and function in AB cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in mouse AB cells but not other meningeal tissue. The Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT) database and the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas confirmed these observations. Microarray analysis of mouse and human arachnoidal tissue revealed expression of many drug transporters and some drug-metabolizing enzymes. Immortalized mouse AB cells express functional P-gp on the apical (dura-facing) membrane and BCRP on both apical and basal (CSF-facing) membranes. Thus, like blood-brain barrier cells and choroid plexus cells, AB cells highly express drug transport proteins and likely contribute to the blood-CSF drug permeation barrier.
Cytokines and fungal infections

The very poor outcome of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients with haematological malignancies or recipients of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is largely attributed to their compromised host defence mechanisms. The restoration or augmentation of immune responses in these patients is now considered as one of the cornerstones of effective antifungal therapy. Major advances in the field of experimental immunology have provided insight on the important regulatory role of cytokines in both innate and adaptive immunity to fungal pathogens. Preclinical studies have convincingly demonstrated that immunomodulation with cytokines can enhance the antifungal activity of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages as well as upregulate protective T‐helper type 1 adaptive immune responses. Evidence on the clinical use of cytokines in immunocompromised hosts with IFI is, however, still scant and inconclusive. The present review summarizes experimental and clinical data on the role of cytokines in the immune response to fungal pathogens and on their potential use for prevention or treatment of fungal infections. Implications for future research are also briefly discussed.
Faults, Injection Methods, and Fault Attacks

An active attacker can induce errors during the computation of the cryptographic algorithm and exploit the faulty results to extract information about the secret key in embedded systems. We call this kind of attack a fault attack. Fault attacks can break an unprotected system more quickly than any other kind of side-channel attack such as simple power analysis (SPA), differential power analysis (DPA), or electromagnetic analysis (EMA). For example, the attacker can break RSA-CRT (RSA with Chinese Remainder Theorem) with one faulty result, and Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with two. Furthermore, the protection of fault attacks is more costly in terms of chip area. Here, we survey fault injection methods, types of faults, and fault attack models.
Initial Assessment and Management of Patients With Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a substantial clinical and economic burden, with an estimated mortality rate between 3% and 15%. The initial management starts with hemodynamic assessment and resuscitation. Blood transfusions may be needed in patients with low hemoglobin levels or massive bleeding, and patients who are anticoagulated may require administration of fresh frozen plasma. Patients with significant bleeding should be started on a proton-pump inhibitor infusion, and if there is concern for variceal bleeding, an octreotide infusion. Patients with UGIB should be stratified into low-risk and high-risk categories using validated risk scores. The use of these risk scores can aid in separating low-risk patients who are suitable for outpatient management or early discharge following endoscopy from patients who are at increased risk for needing endoscopic intervention, rebleeding, and death. Upper endoscopy after adequate resuscitation is required for most patients and should be performed within 24 hours of presentation. Key to improving outcomes is appropriate initial management of patients presenting with UGIB.
Enhancing transparency on a ball screw teleoperation robot system using a novel velocity estimation method with FPGA

Applications are using force sensation in order to estimate real contact with the environment. In a bilateral control, force feedback is needed, but a force sensor is not suitable. Hence, the force sensation is improved by using a new velocity estimation that is programmed into the FPGA. The short processing time used in the FPGA improves the force sensation in the bilateral ball screw systems. The force sensation results are higher and faster than provided by the conventional method.
Digital control systems simulation using spreadsheets

This study presents a method for simulating digital control systems using spreadsheets. This method consists of simulating as basic blocks: a delay, a first order transfer function, and a second order transfer function. Any transfer function in the z domain can be obtained by connecting a number of these blocks with appropriate coefficients. This simulation allows the determination of the time response of a sampled data system without solving equations. The simulation interface is customized using graphics and toolbars. The method is suitable for educational environments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 11: 6–12, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10034
Treatment of progressive Hodgkin's disease with intensive chemoradiotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Twenty-six patients with progressive Hodgkin's disease after conventional chemotherapy received intensive chemoradiotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT); 19 also received additional involved-field radiotherapy. Twenty-one patients [81%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 61% to 94%] attained complete (n = 18) or partial responses. Ten patients (38%, 95% CI 20% to 59%) are disease-free a median of 4.5 years later (range 3.5 to 7.0 years), including seven patients with continuous complete responses. The likelihood of overall response was not significantly influenced by any clinical or treatment variable examined. However, there was a trend favoring patients with higher Karnofsky scores, and higher scores were associated with attainment of complete responses (P = .06 and P = .02, respectively, Mann-Whitney U test). Both higher Karnofsky scores and shorter durations of disease before transplantation were associated with improved survival in a stepwise Cox multivariate analysis. The chief cause of failure was progression at sites previously involved with Hodgkin's disease. No patient relapsed in the marrow, and two of three patients with a history of marrow involvement with Hodgkin's disease achieved durable complete responses after transplantation. These data suggest that inadequate pretransplant conditioning, and not the reinoculation of occult tumor cells in the autologous marrow, caused most relapses. Fatal treatment-related toxicity occurred in six patients. Three patients died of idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis; each had previously received local mediastinal irradiation before intensive chemoradiotherapy. Intensive chemoradiotherapy and ABMT produces durable responses in some patients with Hodgkin's disease incurable with conventional therapy. Use of such therapies at the first sign of failure with conventional chemotherapy and development of more effective conditioning regimens should further improve results.
Introduction: Privacy Self-Management and the Consent Dilemma

During the past decade, the problems involving information privacy--the ascendance of Big Data and fusion centers, the tsunami of data security breaches, the rise of Web 2.0, the growth of behavioral marketing, and the proliferation of tracking technologies--have become thornier. Policymakers have proposed and passed significant new regulation in the United States and abroad, yet the basic approach to protecting privacy has remained largely unchanged since the 1970s. Under the current approach, the law provides people with a set of rights to enable them to make decisions about how to manage their data. These rights consist primarily of rights to notice, access, and consent regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data. The goal of this bundle of rights is to provide people with control over their personal data, and through this control people can decide for themselves how to weigh the costs and benefits of the collection, use, or disclosure of their information. I will refer to this approach to privacy regulation as “privacy self-management. ”
Résolution exacte et approchée de problèmes de décision markoviens formulés en logique propositionnelle

In this paper we present a method for solving factored Markov Decision Processes described using propositional logic. We show that the complexity of solving such problems directly depends on that of the logical operations used, such as satisfiability testing. In order to reduce this complexity, we propose a problem approximation method into classes of formulas which are tractable for these operations. Using such approximations, we experimentally measure the capability of various classes of formulas to represent the structure of problems as well as the benefits in terms of resolution time.
Analysis on Magnetizing Characteristics Due to Peak Fault Current Limiting Operation of a Modified Flux-Lock-Type SFCL With Two Magnetic Paths

The advantage of the flux-lock-type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is that the operational current of the SFCL can be easily adjusted by the winding ratio and the winding direction between two windings. Furthermore, the peak fault current limiting operation according to the transient initial fault current was reported to be performed by adding the third winding and another superconducting element into the flux-lock-type SFCL with either one or two magnetic paths. In this paper, the magnetizing characteristics of the modified flux-lock-type SFCL, due to its peak fault current limiting operation, which another superconducting element and the third winding were added into the E-I iron core structure with two magnetic paths, were analyzed. To analyze the dependence of its magnetizing characteristics on the peak fault current limiting operation of the SFCL, the peak fault current limiting tests of the SFCL due to the fault angle were carried out. With the measured voltage and the current values, the flux linkage and the magnetization current derived from the equivalent magnetization circuit were calculated and compared, at each fault angle, together with the magnetizing power related with the accumulated magnetic energy in the iron core during the fault period.
Scaling to Massiveness With ANALYSE: A Learning Analytics Tool for Open edX

The emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has caused a major impact on online education. However, learning analytics support for MOOCs still needs to improve to fulfill requirements of instructors and students. In addition, MOOCs pose challenges for learning analytics tools due to the number of learners, such as scalability in terms of computing time and visualizations. In this work, we present different visualizations of our “Add-on of the learNing AnaLYtics Support for open Edx” (ANALYSE), which is a learning analytics tool that we have designed and implemented for Open edX, based on MOOC features, teacher feedback, and pedagogical foundations. In addition, we provide a technical solution that addresses scalability at two levels: first, in terms of performance scalability, where we propose an architecture for handling massive amounts of data within educational settings; and, second, regarding the representation of visualizations under massiveness conditions, as well as advice on color usage and plot types. Finally, we provide some examples on how to use these visualizations to evaluate student performance and detect problems in resources.
Echecs précoces de gestation chez la vache laitière de race Holstein : incidences, implication dans la baisse de fertilité et facteurs de risque

Actuellement en France et aux Etats-Unis, seules 30 a 35 % des premieres inseminations artificielles chez la vache Holstein aboutissent a un velage. Les echecs de gestation ont lieu le plus souvent au cours du developpement embryonnaire (Non-Fecondation-Mortalite Embryonnaire Precoce (NF-MEP) entre 0 et 16 jours, Mortalite Embryonnaire Tardive (MET) entre 16 et 45 jours apres insemination). Ces echecs precoces de gestation expliquent en grande partie les differences de fertilite observees en France entre la race Holstein et les autres races plus fertiles. Les facteurs de risque de l'interruption de la gestation sont multiples : lies a l'animal, a l'environnement et a la conduite de l'elevage. Trois facteurs cependant ont evolue au cours du temps pour les vaches Holstein : le potentiel genetique, les anomalies de reprise de la cyclicite apres velage, le deficit energetique en debut de lactation. Notre objectif a ete d'identifier l'influence de ces trois facteurs sur les echecs precoces de gestation apres premiere insemination postpartum chez la vache de race Holstein. Le potentiel genetique a ete associe a l'incidence de NF-MEP et de MET. Les phases luteales prolongees sembleraient etre a l'origine d'une augmentation d'incidence de MET. Le deficit energetique a eu un effet sur la NF-MEP et sur la MET. L'effet du deficit energetique postpartum sur la qualite des ovocytes au moment de la mise a la reproduction reste hypothetique. Notre travail sur les echecs precoces de gestation a permis de contribuer a fournir des outils d'amelioration de conduite d'elevage aux professionnels.