Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
When Does University Research Get Commercialized? Creating Ambidexterity in Research Institutions

We examine the tensions that make it difficult for a research-oriented university to achieve commercial outcomes. Building on the organizational ambidexterity literature, we specify the nature of the tensions (between academic and commercially-oriented activities) at both organizational and individual levels of analysis, and how these can be resolved. We develop hypotheses linking specific aspects of the organization and the individual researcher to the likelihood of their research projects generating commercial outcomes, and we test them using a novel dataset of 207 Research Council-funded projects, combining objective data on project outcomes with the perceptions of principal investigators. We show that the tension between academic and commercial demands is more salient at the level of the individual researcher than at the level of the organization. Universities show evidence that they are able to manage the tensions between academic and commercial demands, through for example their creation of ‘dual structures’. At the individual level, on the other hand, the tensions are more acute, so that the people who deliver commercial outcomes tend to be rather different to those who are accustomed to producing academic outcomes.
A Novel Wheat-Dasypyrum breviaristatum Substitution Line with Stripe Rust Resistance

The introduction of genetic variation from wild and cultivated Triticeae species has been a long-standing approach for wheat improvement. Dasypyrumbreviaristatum species harbor novel and agronomically important genes for resistance against multi-fungal diseases. The development of new wheat-D. breviaristatum introgression lines offers chances for the identification of stripe rust resistance gene(s). A wheat line, D11-5, was selected from a cross between wheat line MY11 and wheat-D. breviaristatum partial amphiploid TDH-2. It was characterized by FISH and PCR-based molecular markers. Chromosome counting revealed that the D11-5 line shows a hexaploid set of 2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes. FISH analysis using the Dasypyrum repetitive sequence pDb12H as a probe demonstrated that D11-5 contained a pair of D. breviaristatum chromosomes, while FISH with wheat D-genomic repetitive sequences revealed that the chromosome 2D was absent in D11-5. The functional molecular markers confirmed that the introduced D. breviaristatum chromosomes belong to the homoeologous group 2, indicating that D11-5 was a 2Vb (2D) disomic substitution line. Field resistance showed that the introduced D. breviaristatum chromosomes 2Vb were responsible for the stripe rust resistance at the adult plant stage. FISH, C-banding, and PCR-based molecular marker analysis indicated that the chromosome 2Vb of D. breviaristatum was completely different from the chromosome 2V of D. villosum. The identified wheat-D. breviaristatum chromosome substitution line D11-5 may be applied to produce agronomically desirable stripe rust resistance germplasm.
Discussing Vaccination With Concerned Patients: An Evidence-Based Resource for Healthcare Providers

Data regarding rates of vaccination among children and pregnant women show that there has been a decrease in the number of vaccinations being administered in these vulnerable populations. Surveys of parents elicit a wide variety of concerns and fears driving vaccine refusal, many of which have been refuted by research. It has been demonstrated that healthcare providers are a major source of information for patients who have questions about vaccinations. Given the established vital role of vaccinations in preventing the spread of diseases with serious morbidity and mortality profiles, it is important that healthcare providers understand and feel comfortable discussing the principles of vaccination, the recommended vaccine schedules, and the effects of vaccinations. This article provides an overview of vaccination principles, reviews the potential health and financial costs of nonvaccination, and addresses a number of common concerns cited by parents and pregnant women who are considering vaccine abstention or alternate vaccination scheduling. The information in this article will enable healthcare providers to accurately counsel patients about vaccination choices.
Structural Requirements for the Adherence ofPlasmodium falciparum-infected Erythrocytes to Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans of Human Placenta*

Plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy results in the accumulation of infected red blood cells (IRBCs) in the placenta, leading to poor pregnancy outcome. In the preceding paper (Achur, R.N., Valiyaveettil, M., Alkhalil, A., Ockenhouse, C. F., and Gowda, D.C. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 40344–40356), we reported that unusually low sulfated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the intervillous spaces of the placenta mediate the IRBC adherence. In this study, we report the structural requirements for the adherence and the minimum chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) structural motif that supports IRBC adherence. Partially sulfated C4Ss with varying sulfate contents were prepared by solvolytic desulfation of a fully sulfated C4S. These and other nonmodified C4Ss, with different proportions of 4-, 6-, and nonsulfated disaccharide repeats, were analyzed for inhibition of IRBC adherence to the placental CSPG. C4Ss containing 30–50% 4-sulfated and 50–70% nonsulfated disaccharide repeats efficiently inhibited IRBC adherence; C6S had no inhibitory activity. Oligosaccharides of varying sizes were prepared by the partial depolymerization of C4Ss containing varying levels of 4-sulfation, and their ability to inhibit the IRBC adherence was studied. Oligosaccharides with six or more disaccharide repeats inhibited IRBC adherence to the same level as that of the intact C4Ss, indicating that a dodecasaccharide is the minimum structural motif required for optimal IRBC adherence. Of the C4S dodecasaccharides, only those with two or three sulfate groups per molecule showed maximum IRBC inhibition. These data define the structural requirements for the IRBC adherence to placental CSPGs with implications for the development of therapeutics for maternal malaria.
Levetiracetam can be effective in the treatment of restless legs syndrome with periodic limb movements in sleep: report of two cases

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is an awake phenomenon characterised by an intense, irresistible urge to move the legs, sensory complaints, and motor restlessness. RLS is usually associated with periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). Clinical evidence suggests that dopaminergic agents are the treatment of first choice. Dopaminergic treatment is usually effective, but many patients develop augmentation.1 Augmentation is the worsening of RLS symptoms attributable to a specific therapeutic intervention; its primary feature is a shift of RLS symptoms to an earlier time than was typical at symptom onset during the initial course of beneficial stable treatment.2 Augmentation requires the withdrawal of dopaminergic agents. Anticonvulsants may be used if the response to dopaminergic agents is not adequate or if augmentation occurs.1 We describe two patients affected by RLS with PLMS who became unresponsive to the traditional dopaminergic agents and developed augmentation. Both patients were treated with the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam and showed a clear and persistent clinical improvement of both RLS symptoms and PLMS. The clinical assessment and follow up included: subjective evaluation of symptoms and their impact on everyday life by means of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) rating scale; evaluation of daytime sleepiness with the Epworth sleepiness scale; a suggested immobilisation test …
Relation between structural and release parameters at the frog sensory‐motor synapse.

The sensory‐motor synaptic connexions in the frog lumbar cord have been used to examine the relationship between the statistical characteristics of the unitary excitatory post‐synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) and the number and organization of synaptic contacts determined when the primary afferent fibre used in evoking the e.p.s.p., and a motoneurone in which it was recorded, were both labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A significant correlation is found between the number of contacting boutons and the amplitude of the chemical component of the unitary e.p.s.p.s generated at the same connexions. The amplitude fluctuation patterns of the single‐fibre e.p.s.p.s could be fitted by both Poisson and binomial distribution. The number of presumed Poisson release sites as estimated from the ratio Vmax/v (where Vmax is the maximal amplitude of the chemical component of e.p.s.p. and v is quantal size) is always less than or equal to the total number of boutons observed histologically. In three connexions there was a close correspondence between the number of binomial release units, n, and the number of contact regions formed by the tight clusters of contacting boutons. The unit potential amplitude estimated from the Poisson distribution is found to be two to three times smaller than the quantal size calculated from binomial distribution. A similar numerical relationship was found between the number of contacting boutons and the number of contact regions. It is suggested that at a single bouton, transmission results in release of a single quantum of transmitter, whereas the binomial quantum probably reflects the multi‐quantal release occurring simultaneously at boutons comprising a contact region. A significant correlation is found between the mean quantum content estimated either from Poisson or binomial distribution and the number of contacting boutons and contact regions respectively, indicating the dependence of quantal release on the magnitude of synaptic surface. No correlation is found between the motoneuronal soma diameter and the quantal size, although the former is significantly correlated with the number of contacting boutons.
Origin and development of dendritic cells

Summary: Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen‐presenting cells and essential mediators of immunity and tolerance. This group of cells is heterogeneous in terms of cell‐surface markers, anatomic location, and function. Here, we review the development and function of DCs found in lymphoid and non‐lymphoid tissues in the steady state. DC and monocyte lineages originate from a common progenitor, the monocyte and dendritic cell progenitor (MDP). The two cell types diverge when MDPs give rise to monocytes and committed DC progenitors (CDPs) in the bone marrow. CDPs give rise to pre‐DCs, which migrate from the bone marrow to lymphoid and non‐lymphoid tissues to produce the two major subpopulations of lymphoid tissue DCs and non‐lymphoid tissue CD103+ DCs. Within tissues and during development, DC division and homeostasis are regulated by the hormone Flt3L.
Tissue and Nerve Growth Promoting Factors

The recognition of the growth promoting activity elicited by a variety of agents belonging to the class of hormones as well as to the less well defined category of 'growth factors' dates back to the second half of the past century. However, only much more recently have the growth effects elicited by various agents been submitted to a rigorous analysis and attempts made to elucidate how they act on the target cells. All these investigations centred mainly if not exclusively on the study of hormones: the ill-defined class of 'growth factors' was only occasionally the object of analysis. In these few instances the study was restricted to the exploration of the effects elicited by given growth agents on cell populations cultured in liquid or semi-solid media.
The calcium channel current of pregnant rat single myometrial cells in short‐term primary culture.

1. The passive and active electrical properties of pregnant rat single myometrial cells in short‐term primary culture were analysed using a single‐electrode voltage or current clamp. 2. Action potentials and membrane currents were recorded in the presence of tetraethylammonium chloride and 4‐aminopyridine (10 mM each) and with Cs+ solution (4 M) in the microelectrode. 3. The voltage dependence, the action of Ca2+ antagonists and the effects of Sr2+ or Ba2+ substitution were studied. The peak Ca2+ current density was in the range 15‐20 microA/cm2 in 10 mM‐Ca2+ solution. 4. According to both measurement of the reversal potential of Ca2+ channel currents and comparison of the inward currents after correction for changing surface charge, the relative selectivity sequence of the Ca2+ channel for divalent cations was Ca2+ greater than Sr2+ = Ba2+. 5. The decay of Ca2+ channel current during a maintained depolarization was slowed when external Ca2+ was replaced by Sr2+ or Ba2+. The decay reflected an inactivation of Ca2+ channel conductance, as assessed by the decreased amplitude of inward tail currents following progressively longer depolarizations and the stable value of the reversal potential when Ca2+ channel current was increased during conditioning pulses. 6. Voltage‐dependent inactivation was illustrated by inactivation of outward Ca2+ channel current due to K+ and/or Cs+ efflux with external Ba2+ or in the absence of any permeant divalent cation. 7. The relationship between inactivation and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was assessed by a double‐pulse method. Conditioning pulses that produced maximal Ca2+ current induced maximal inactivation; with stronger depolarizations, inactivation decreased but was not completely prevented at the expected Ca2+ reversal potential. Increasing the amount of Ca2+ entering the cell during the pre‐pulse reduced both amplitude and kinetics of test Ca2+ currents. These results were not observed with Ba2+ as the charge carrier. 8. Ca2+ channel current inactivation was best fitted by a two‐exponential function. The fast time constant of inactivation was larger in Ba2+ solution than in Ca2+ solution but both time constants showed little variation with membrane potential. The slow time constants of inactivation were steeply voltage dependent. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index as Predictive Marker for Liver Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and is unable to function normally due to chronic, or long lasting, injury. Liver biopsy is considered as a gold standard for the diagnosis of cirrhosis and has many problems like bleeding, infective peritonitis which limit use of liver biopsies in all patients. Until date there is no noninvasive marker to replace it. Aim to evaluate the Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) as a predictive marker for liver cirrhosis. Material and Methods the present study was analytical cross-sectional study carried out during Aug 2016 to Dec 2016, at Al Khartoum State. A total one hundred individuals were enrolled in this study, and classified into two groups 50 patients with liver cirrhosis diagnosed by ultrasound as case group and 50 healthy individuals as control group. Platelet count and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were done using Mindary BC3000 plus hematology analyzer and mindary BA-88A Semi-auto Chemistry Analyzer respectively. APRI was calculated for every patient using the formula {(AST / ULN) x 100}/platelet count (109/L). The Predictive value of APRI was evaluated with a receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Results the level AST was significantly increased in cirrhosis cases than that in control and the platelet count was significantly lower in cirrhosis cases than that in control, furthermore the APRI level was significantly higher in cirrhosis cases than that in control cases (p-value 0.000, 0.000, 0.000) respectively. Also the study found that the level of AST, platelets count and APRI level was not significantly affected by cirrhosis gender (p-value 0.499, 0.870, 0.452) respectively. Also very strong and highly significant correlations were observed between level of AST and APRI (r=0.901**,p >0.01) and medium and highly significant correlations between the level of platelets count and APRI (r=0.413**,P>0.01) . Also the study found that the level of APRI can predict cirrhosis with high degree of efficiency, the sensitivity and specificity of APRI was found to be 96.0% and 100.0% respectively, also positive and negative predictive values were 100.0% and 96.0%respectively, with area under the ROC curve of 0.999,P>0.01 (95% CI) at cut-off 0.64 . This study conclude that there is APRI can predict cirrhosis with high degree of accuracy, and there is no significant difference was observed between cirrhosis genders for the level of APRI and it can be used in areas where facilities for liver biopsy and advanced imaging techniques are not available.
An approach to recognize book title from multi-cell bookshelf images

There are many conventional methods for book detection and title recognition from bookshelf images. But most of these methods are worked on single row bookshelf images. Here this paper presents a technique for segmenting books spine and recognizing book title from multi-row bookshelf images. Horizontal edges are detected and extracted from the images as to indicate individual rows. These separated row images are used in the next module where vertical lines are extracted in order to segment the book regions. Later all book spine images are converted into binary images. At the next step, small and unwanted objects are removed using region properties and subsequently and extracts titles from individual book spines. Then the characters of the title are segmented and extracted by using bounding box and connected component region. Separated character images are matched or unmatched with the data set images by applying template matching. As a result, the developed new method recognizes the title. The system design as a whole makes a contribution, but the extraction of the book titles from the multi-cell images makes the main principal of this paper. To test the proposed framework various bookshelf images with a variety of conditions are used and results are presented to prove its effectiveness.
Comparison of the reflex responses elicited by stimulation of the separately perfused carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors in the dog

1. In dogs under chloralose and urethane anaesthesia, the carotid and aortic bodies were isolated from the circulation and separately perfused with blood, the composition of which could be controlled at will. The remainder of the systemic circulation was perfused at constant blood flow, thereby enabling the reflex vascular responses to be determined. The systemic venous blood was oxygenated in the isolated perfused lungs of a second dog and the PO2 and PCO2 of the systemic arterial blood was maintained constant.
Clonal Spread of Imipenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii among Different Cities of China

ABSTRACT A total of 342 imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates (IRABs) were collected from 16 Chinese cities. Six predominant clones had spread widely, and four clones were detected in distant hospitals. The majority of the IRABs contain blaOXA-23, with ISAba1 upstream of the gene. These results suggested that clonal spread played an important role in the outbreak of IRABs in China.
Computational intelligence for cloud management current trends and opportunities

The development of large scale data center and cloud computing optimization models led to a wide range of complex issues like scaling, operation cost and energy efficiency. Different approaches were proposed to this end, including classical resource allocation heuristics, machine learning or stochastic optimization. No consensus exists but a trend towards using many-objective stochastic models became apparent over the past years. This work reviews in brief some of the more recent studies on cloud computing modeling and optimization, and points at notions on stability, convergence, definitions or results that could serve to analyze, respectively build accurate cloud computing models. A very brief discussion of simulation frameworks that include support for energy-aware components is also given.
Tpl2/Cot Signals Activate ERK, JNK, and NF-κB in a Cell-type and Stimulus-specific Manner*

Macrophages and B-cells from Tpl2 knock-out mice exhibit a restricted defect in lipopolysaccharide and death receptor signaling that is limited to the activation of ERK. Here we show that Tpl2–/– MEFs exhibit defects in ERK, JNK, and NF-κB activation, or ERK activation only when stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-1β, respectively. In addition, we show that the activation of Tpl2 by TNF-α depends on signals transduced by both TRAF2 and RIP1. Activated Tpl2 phosphorylates MKK4/SEK1 upstream of JNK and stimulates NF-κB DNA binding and transcriptional activity by mechanisms that are independent of the nuclear translocation of p50 and p65. Tpl2-transduced TNF-α signals instead promote the phosphorylation of p65 at Ser276 and modulate the spectrum of proteins associated with p65. Phosphorylation stimulates the transcriptional activity of NF-κB but does not affect its ability to bind DNA, which may be affected by the composition of the nuclear NF-κB complexes. These data confirm that defects caused by a single mutation may be cell-type and signal-specific and delineate the role of Tpl2 in the transduction of TNF-α signals that activate JNK and NF-κB in MEFs.
Risk Factors for In-Stent Restenosis after Vertebral Ostium Stenting

Purpose: To determine whether vascular risk factors, underlying vessel diameter, and/or the type of stent affect restenosis rates for vertebral ostium stents. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted of 44 patients (31 men; mean age 61 years, range 32–81) who underwent stenting of 48 ostial lesions in the vertebral arteries between 1999 and 2005. Only patients who underwent angiographic follow-up were included in the analysis. Cox regression analysis was utilized for risk factor association with binary restenosis (≥50% versus <50%). Stent types and stent categories were compared for differences in binary restenosis rates and lumen gain at follow-up angiography. Results: Twenty-three (48%) of 48 lesions had ≥50% stenosis at a mean follow-up of 7.7 months. Cigarette smoking was associated with higher binary restenosis rates (p=0.025), while hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, history of neck radiation, and known coronary artery and/or peripheral vascular disease were not. Reduced binary restenosis rates and improved lumen gain were seen in cobalt chromium balloon-expandable stents compared to non-cobalt chromium stents (p=0.002 and p=0.002, respectively), stainless steel balloon-expandable stents (p=0.005 and p=0.005), and the S670 stent (p=0.069 and p=0.069). The size of stent used was not associated with risk of restenosis (p=0.756). Conclusions: Cobalt chromium stents were associated with reduced restenosis, while smoking was associated with increased restenosis risk.
Formal approach for compliance rules checking in business process models

The business process models should comply with a set of rules describing the operations, policies and constraints that an organization must respect under financial authorities. However, the large number of rules and their frequency of changes make the traditionally used manual compliance checking a time-consuming task. As a result an automated compliance checking should be adopted. This paper proposes a formal approach for automated compliance checking. It proposes to map BPMN models directly to finite state machines (i.e., Kripke structures) and to express the compliance rules in a graphical language for better understandability. Subsequently, these are translated into linear temporal logic formulae for their integration. The compliance of business process models can be verified by means of model checking technology. The main goal is to increase the efficiency of the deployment of business process models while minimizing the risks and cost of the compliance inspection.