Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil characterization, part II: Review of elemental analysis and soil classification

In‐field soil health assessments, including plant nutrients and toxic elements, are needed and could improve the sustainability of agriculture production. Among the available analytical techniques for these analyses, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become one of the most promising techniques for real‐time soil analysis at low cost and without the need for reagents. The first part of this two‐part review (Part I, Villas‐Boas, P.R., de Franco, M.A., Gollany, H.T., Martin‐Neto, L. & Milori, D.M.B.P. 2019. Applications of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil characterization, Part I: Review of Fundamentals and Chemical and Physical Properties.) in this issue focused on the fundamentals of LIBS for soil analysis and its use for soil chemical and physical characterization. Our objectives in this review article (Part II) are to review (a) the main applications of LIBS in the determination of soil carbon (C), nutrients and toxic elements, spatial elemental mapping, and (b) its use in soil classification. Traditional and more recent techniques will be compared to LIBS, considering their advantages and disadvantages. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy is a promising, versatile technique for detecting many elements in soil samples, requires little or no sample preparation, takes only a few seconds per sample, and has a low cost per sample compared to other techniques. However, overcoming matrix effects is a challenge for LIBS applications in soil analysis, because most studies are conducted with limited changes in the matrix. In spite of the limitation of matrix effects, a typical LIBS system has a limit of detection of 0.3, 0.6, 4, 7, 10, 18, 46 and 89 mg kg−1 for Mo, Cu, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, K and Ca, respectively. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy holds potential for real‐time in‐field spatial elemental analysis of soils and practical applications in precision farming with proper calibration. This could lead to immediate diagnoses of contaminated soil and inefficient nutrient supplies and facilitate well‐informed soil management, increasing agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts.
Influence of water vapor condensation inside nano-porous 4A adsorbent in adsorption-desorption cyclic process of natural gas dehydration

ABSTRACT Consequences of water vapor condensation were studied in natural gas dehydration using 4A zeolite. Adsorption-desorption isotherms were studied experimentally and isotherm parameters were predicted using two-site Sips model with maximum 9.6% deviation. Water vapor diffusivity within the adsorbent pores was evaluated and modified by predicting the pore filling pattern. The dehumidification process was modeled employing two assumptions, in the first case, water vapor was assumed to condense within the particles and in the second case no condensation was taken place. After comparison, it was resulted that in the first case, 12% less vapor was absorbed in the bed and 14% more vapor remained inside the adsorbent pores after regeneration.
Chemical constituents of volatile and non-volatile extracts of Oncoba spinosa (Forssk)

The essential oils from the leaf and stem bark of Oncoba spinosa were obtained through hydro-distillation while the non-volatile leaf extracts were obtained by solvent extraction. The essential oils and silylated extracts were analysed using GC-MS. A total of twenty-three compounds from leaf and fourteen from stem which accounted for 99.6% and 98.4% composition respectively were identified. The major chemical constituents of the leaf included methyl salicylate (22.3%), β-ionone (12.6%), neryl acetone (10.1%), E-2-tetradecen-1-ol (7.7%), 3-methyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene (7.5%), caryophyllene oxide (7.0%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6.7%) while those found in the stem were tridecanoic (47.5%), copaene (7.4%), palmitic acid (6.7 %) and β-elemene (6.6%). Upon classification, the principal compounds found were terpeniods (41.6%) and derivatives of benzene (23.3%) for the leaf, and fatty acid derivatives (70.1%) and terpenoids (29.2%) for the stem bark. The silylated hexane extract of O. spinosa indicated fatty acids and isoprenoid based compounds as major components which accounted for 55.33% and 21.59% respectively while D-Mannose (33.08%) and D-fructofuranose (20.89%) were the major constituents of the defatted ethanolic extract.Thus, O. spinosa is composed of compounds with plethora of biological activities which could largely be responsible for its tradomedical uses. Keywords: Oncoba spinosa; silylation; palmitic acid; terpenoids; GC-MS
Comparisons of Military and Veteran Compensation.

Abstract : This paper provides an empirical comparison of veteran earnings and military compensation. The 1969-1974 Regular Military Compensation (RMC) received by a cohort of enlisted men who entered service between 1963 and 1967 was estimated. These RMC figures were compared to the 1969-1974 covered Social Security earnings of a cohort of veterans who left service in FY 1969; nearly all of these veterans had also entered service between 1963 and 1967. Estimates of military-civilian pay ratios were made for various sub-groups categorized by education, mental ability, race, service, and military occupation. A separate but complementary analysis of the civilian sector payoff to military occupational training was also performed. The likelihood of veterans using that training in the civilian sector was examined along with the earnings effect due to use of such training. (Author)
Rabies 2007: perspective from Asia

Rabies remains a public health problem in many parts of the less developed world. Much is known about the virology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and methods for control but this knowledge is not applied in many countries. Thailand has been on the frontline of efforts to conduct research in rabies for almost a century, starting with Dr. Leopold Robert from the Institute Pasteur of Paris. He was invited by the Thai King in 1913 to develop a research and production facility for rabies vaccine and snake antivenins which later became the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute. Thai physicians, scientists and nurses, jointly with some notable expatriate colleagues, were then responsible for major advances in rabies vaccine development, rational application of pre- and postexposure prophylaxis and better understanding of immunology and pathophysiology of this dread disease. They not only discovered new scientific principles but also cost-benefit methods for their application and set the foundation for the work conducted in Thailand during the next two decades. Many concepts developed by Thai scientists have been incorporated into WHO and US-CDC rabies management guidelines. This is an overview of significant developments during the past two decades [1-8].
Chemical and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols in Nanjing, eastern China: regionally transported biomass burning contribution

Abstract. Biomass burning can significantly impact the chemical and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols. Here, the biomass burning impacts were studied during wintertime in a megacity of Nanjing, eastern China. The high abundance of biomass burning tracers such as levoglucosan (lev), mannosan (man), galactosan (gal) and non-sea-salt potassium (nss-K+) was found during the studied period with the concentration ranges of 22.4–1476 ng m−3, 2.1–56.2 ng m−3, 1.4–32.2 ng m−3 and 0.2–3.8 µg m−3, respectively. The significant contribution of biomass burning to water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC; 22.3±9.9 %) and organic carbon (OC; 20.9±9.3 %) was observed in this study. Backward air mass origin analysis, potential emission sensitivity of elemental carbon (EC) and MODIS fire spot information indicated that the elevations of the carbonaceous aerosols were due to the transported biomass-burning aerosols from southeastern China. The characteristic mass ratio maps of lev∕man and lev∕nss-K+ suggested that the biomass fuels were mainly crop residuals. Furthermore, the strong correlation (p < 0.01) between biomass burning tracers (such as lev) and light absorption coefficient (babs) for water-soluble brown carbon (BrC) revealed that biomass burning emissions played a significant role in the light-absorption properties of carbonaceous aerosols. The solar energy absorption due to water-soluble brown carbon and EC was estimated by a calculation based on measured light-absorbing parameters and a simulation based on a radiative transfer model (RRTMG_SW). The solar energy absorption of water-soluble BrC in short wavelengths (300–400 nm) was 0.8±0.4 (0.2–2.3) W m−2 (figures in parentheses represent the variation range of each parameter) from the calculation and 1.2±0.5 (0.3–1.9) W m−2 from the RRTMG_SW model. The absorption capacity of water-soluble BrC accounted for about 20 %–30 % of the total absorption of EC aerosols. The solar energy absorption of water-soluble BrC due to biomass burning was estimated as 0.2±0.1 (0.0–0.9) W m−2, considering the biomass burning contribution to carbonaceous aerosols. Potential source contribution function model simulations showed that the solar energy absorption induced by water-soluble BrC and EC aerosols was mostly due to the regionally transported carbonaceous aerosols from source regions such as southeastern China. Our results illustrate the importance of the absorbing water-soluble brown carbon aerosols in trapping additional solar energy in the low-level atmosphere, heating the surface and inhibiting the energy from escaping the atmosphere.
Đảm bảo thực hiện quyền tự chủ và trách nhiệm xã hội cho hệ thống giáo dục đại học Việt Nam

Tom tắt: Sau khi lam ro cơ sở li luận về quyền tự chủ va trach nhiệm xa hội của cơ sở giao dục đại học trong kinh tế thị trường; phân biệt ro sự khac nhau giữa quản li tự chủ va quản li khong tự chủ dưới goc độ đặc điểm va nguyen tắc quản li, vận hanh quản li va quản li tự chủ đa cấp độ; phân tich quyền tự do học thuật va tự chủ đại học, giới thiệu 5 chỉ bao đanh gia mức độ đảm bảo quyền tự chủ-tự do học thuật của 23 nước Châu Âu, tac giả đề xuất 5 định hướng cần triển khai để thực hiện quyền tự chủ va trach nhiệm xa hội cho Hệ thống giao dục đại học Việt Nam nhằm thực hiện đầy đủ Luật giao dục đại học va nghị quyết 29 đa đề ra. Từ khoa: Quyền tự chủ, Tự do học thuật, Trach nhiệm xa hội, Quản li tự chủ, Chỉ bao đảm bảo quyền tự chủ.
Assessment the level of some heavy metal in vital body fluids and blood parameters in lactating Awassi ewes

The aim of the study was to estimate the level of cadmium, zinc and oxidative stress parameters in serum and milk as well as the blood constituents in local at the age of 3-4 years during the spring and summer seasons. Blood and milk samples were collected from 30 ewes (15 each season). The blood samples were allocated to into two tubes, for complete blood profile study and for biochemical analysis. Milk was used for biochemical tests. Blood analysis showed a significant difference between some blood values during the two seasons represented by significant increase of total white blood number, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in circulating blood of lactating ewes during summer season compared with spring season. Red blood cells number and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration did not change among the two seasons. Both mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin value of lactating ewe increased significantly during spring season with respect to the summer season. The serum glutathione level showed a significant elevation during spring season compared with the summer season, while, the level of malonaldehyde and peroxynitrite free radicle remain constant during the study period. There were no significant changes in the level of cadmium in serum and milk of examined ewes, while the serum level of zinc significantly higher during the spring compared to the summer season and milk zinc level remain stable during both seasons. The study concluded variations in haematological, oxidative stress biomarkers, serum and milk concentration of Zn and Cd according to lactation season in ewes. Keyword: Zinc, Cadmium, Oxidative stress, Hematological values Available online at http://www.vetmedmosul. com ليقثلا نداعملا ضعب ىوتسم ريدقت ف ة و ةيويحلا مسجلا لئاوس ي يف مدلا ريياعم مانغلأا ا ةردملا ةيساوعل قاوشأ نسح دمحا ، مصاع رماع انر و يبلجلا ديعس يلع طلا ةيلك ،ةيودلأاو ةيتايحلا ءايميكلاو ةجلسفلا عرف ،لصوملا ،لصوملا ةعماج ،يرطيبلا ب قارعلا
Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases in Richmond, California: Understanding the Importance of Partnerships in Community-Based Health Education

In the United States obesity has become a major public health issue. Over the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in adults and children. In the city of Richmond, California, adults and children are experiencing the highest rates of obesity and obesity-related diseases in comparison to other residents of West Contra Costa County. In an effort to reduce the rates of obesity in Richmond, two non-profit organizations have partnered up to provide innovative community-based health education to combat obesity and type II diabetes. This paper will explore and summarize the 300-hour fieldwork the author experienced and completed with Brighter Beginnings and their partnering agency Lift/Levantate. Brighter Beginnings is a non-profit organization that provides free and low-cost healthcare services to residents of Contra Costa County. Lift/Levantate is a non-profit organization that provides wellness education to the community in an effort to help manage chronic diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes. The collaboration of these two agencies demonstrates how comprehensive health education in a community-based setting can have a profound impact on the behavior of the population. The fieldwork with these organizations focused on curriculum development, health education workshops, and health promotion to manage and reduce the risks associated with obesity and diabetes. In addition to the author describing the public health significance and fieldwork experience, this paper will address the core competencies of the University of San Francisco’s Master’s of Public Health Program. REDUCING OBESITY AND OBESITY-RELATED DISEASES 3
Quantum dynamics in loop quantum gravity

As an important alternative quantum theory of general relativity, loop quantum gravity has made considerable progress. At present, a key and difficult issue in loop quantum gravity is to build a reasonable quantum dynamics. In the canonical formulation of loop quantum gravity, it requires us to construct a reasonable Hamiltonian constraint operator and then solve the quantum constraint equation. In this paper, we will review the basic ideas of loop quantum gravity and its quantum dynamics. We will mainly focus on the construction of Hamiltonian constraint operators and the corresponding Hilbert spaces in which the Hamiltonian constraint operators can be well defined.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Syzygium aromaticum and Monodora myristica Essential Oils from Cameroon

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Monodora myristica and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils. The oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and their chemical composition determined by Gas-chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer detector. The antioxidant activity of the oils was evaluated through the following tests: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity; the ferric reducing antioxidant power, the metal chelation and finally the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Results showed that alpha-phellandrene (52.2%) and (p)-cymene (13.1%) were the most represented compounds in the essence of Monodora myristica while Eugenol (59.5%) and (E)Caryophyllene (23%) were the most abundant molecules in that of Syzygium aromaticum. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity showed that the oil of Syzygium aromaticum has good antioxidant activity compared to that of Monodora myristica. Practical Applications The essential oils of Monodora myristica and Syzygium aromaticum can be used in the formulation of medicines that can help to fight against the damages and diseases caused by oxidative stress. They can also be used as food additives such as flavouring agents, natural preservative or antioxidants in foods.
Understanding the Role of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Modulating p38-alpha Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized by axonal demyelination and multifocal inflammation. Like many autoimmune diseases, it is a sexually dimorphic disease, being 3-4 times more common in females than in males. p38α MAP kinase (MAPK) has an integral role in modulating inflammatory processes in autoimmunity. Conditionally ablating p38α MAPK in myeloid cells in B6 mice shows a sex difference in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the absence of sex hormones, this sex difference was reversed, suggesting a role for sex hormones in modulating p38α MAPK signaling in EAE. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that pro-inflammatory functions in EAE is p38-indepdendent in the presence of androgens and p38-dependent in the presence of estrogens. For the purposes of this project, the role of androgens was evaluated. Both in vivo and in vitro techniques were used to assess how androgen receptor (AR) signaling: 1) impacts EAE pathogenesis, and 2) impacts the role of p38α in EAE pathogenesis and macrophage function. To this end, using Cre-Lox technology, we generated mice deficient in: 1) AR globally or conditionally in macrophages, as well as 2) mice doubly deficient in AR and p38α. In vivo results from p38α-sufficient global AR knockout mice show no effect of global AR deletion on EAE pathogenesis. Surprisingly, results from p38α-sufficient conditional AR knockout mice showed significant worsening in disease compared to WT counterparts, suggesting that AR signaling in myeloid cells has a protective role in EAE pathogenesis. These findings implicate a protective role for AR signaling in EAE. Studies with mice doubly deficient in p38α and AR to determine whether AR regulates the role of p38α in EAE are ongoing, but so far show no effect on AR deletion on the role of p38α MAPK. Further studies with larger cohorts of mice are needed elucidate the relationship between AR and p38α MAPK signaling in myeloid cells in EAE pathogenesis. In vitro studies using the immortalized macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 showed that pharmacologic inhibition of p38 MAPK after stimulation with LPS reduced the production of classic pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα, and effect that was not affected by treatment with 5-dihydrotestosterone, suggesting that the AR does not modulate the role of p38α in cytokine production. These findings implicate no direct role of AR signaling on the functional role of p38α MAPK in the myeloid cell lineage in inflammatory and autoimmune responses.
A High‐Energy Aqueous Aluminum‐Manganese Battery

Rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries have drawn considerable attention as a new energy storage system, but their applications are still significantly impeded by critical issues such as low energy density and the lack of excellent electrolytes. Herein, a high‐energy aluminum‐manganese battery is fabricated by using a Birnessite MnO2 cathode, which can be greatly optimized by a divalence manganese ions (Mn2+) electrolyte pre‐addition strategy. The battery exhibits a remarkable energy density of 620 Wh kg−1 (based on the Birnessite MnO2 material) and a capacity retention above 320 mAh g−1 for over 65 cycles, much superior to that with no Mn2+ pre‐addition. The electrochemical reactions of the battery are scrutinized by a series of analysis techniques, indicating that the Birnessite MnO2 pristine cathode is first reduced as Mn2+ to dissolve in the electrolyte upon discharge, and AlxMn(1−x)O2 is then generated upon charge, serving as a reversible cathode active material in following cycles. This work provides new opportunities for the development of high‐performance and low‐cost aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries for prospective applications.
Anticorrosion mechanism of Cr-doped nickel-base alloy in Br/O environment: a DFT study

ABSTRACT Density functional theory was used to investigate the anticorrosion mechanism of Cr-doped nickel-base alloy in Br/O environment. The adsorption properties including adsorption energy, bond length and electron structure of Br/O on Ni and Cr-doped Ni surfaces have been investigated. We find that the O atom has bigger adsorption activity than the Br atom. The oxide film can be preferentially formed on the Cr-doped nickel-base alloy surface under the coexistence of Br and O atoms. By exploring the interactions between Br and NiO (111) or Cr2O3 (100) surfaces, we demonstrate that oxide films could prevent Br from erosion. Results indicate that Cr2O3 has stronger corrosion resistance than NiO. The corrosion resistance mechanism of Cr-doped nickel-base alloy is summarised into two processes, i.e. competitive adsorption and adsorption inhibition.
Los muestreos entomológicos: de la escena del crimen a la peritación

Forensic entomology is being more and more used in criminalistic mainly to estimate the postmortem interval. Nevertheless, because the need to get living specimens, it is a very special discipline in which the samples quality is essential. In this work, we will try to describe our methods for collecting entomological samples, developed by the criminal identification technics of research units of the National Gendarmerie. On the other hand, we will describe the steps followed by the entomological samplings, which have to be integrated into a quality program, in the Institute of criminal research of the National Gendarmerie, which take care of the entomological expertise. Thus, the described methods are adapted to the french judicial organization.
PENGARUH PRETREATMENT JERAMI PADI PADA PRODUKSI ENZIM TERMOSTABIL MENGGUNAKAN ISOLAT BAKTERI TERMOFILIK

Jerami padi merupakan salah satu substrat lignoselulosa yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan kebanyakan hanya menjadi limbah pertanian apabila tidak ditangani dengan baik. Kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa dalam struktur lignoselulosa jerami padi memiliki potensi yang besar untuk produksi enzim termostabil dari bakteri termofilik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment substrat jerami padi terhadap pola pertumbuhan bakteri selulolitik-hemiselulolitik dan aktivitas enzim yang dihasilkan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi pembuatan tepung jerami, isolasi dan seleksi sistem batch bertingkat, produksi enzim termostabil, pengukuran total bakteri serta pengukuran aktivitas enzim. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu perlakuan kombinasi delignifikasi basa dan pemanasan uap bertekanan menghasilkan pola pertumbuhan mikroba yang lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan pemanasan uap bertekanan saja. Pengamatan pH menunjukan penurunan pH setiap perlakuan. Aktivitas enzim yang diperoleh menunjukan hasil yang fluktuatif akibat adanya fenomena diauksik.