Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
I Wouldn't Let it Get to Me

Abstract Purpose: Non-Hispanic Black women in the United States experience disproportionately higher rates of adverse birth outcomes including preterm birth and low birth weight infants compared with White women. Racial discrimination has been associated with these adverse outcomes. However, not all Black women experience discrimination in the same way. The majority of studies that report on the relationship between racial discrimination and maternal health have used quantitative methods that may present a monolithic understanding of this relationship. Qualitative methods, specifically those that incorporate intersectionality, may illuminate the nuances in pregnant Black women's experiences of discrimination. We present a qualitative analysis of Black women's experiences of racial discrimination and pregnancy to shed light on some of these complexities. Study Design and Methods: Qualitative interviews that addressed racial discrimination and pregnancy were conducted as part of a larger study of pregnant Black women that examined social support, neighborhood disorder, and racial discrimination. Interviews were coded for descriptions of racial discrimination and within and across case analysis was conducted. Results: Women described varying experiences of racial discrimination in different contexts. Shielding emerged as a recurring theme in women's accounts of dealing with racial discrimination during pregnancy. Clinical Implications: Nurses engaged in maternity care need an understanding of how pregnant Black women experience racial discrimination in different ways. Black women may be likely to take personal responsibility for managing discrimination-related stress in pregnancy as a consequence of direct experiences of discrimination. Nurses can support pregnant Black women by recognizing varied experiences of racial discrimination, and by not blaming them for experiences or potential resultant outcomes. Black women in the United States experience disproportionately higher rates of adverse birth outcomes including preterm birth and low birth weight infants compared with White women. Racial discrimination has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. In this qualitative study, new insight into the nuanced ways in which Black pregnant women experience racial discrimination are presented.
Maternal Sepsis

Abstract Purpose: The current adult definition of sepsis and septic shock, as developed in 1992, does not adequately define sepsis in the pregnant and peripartum women due to the alteration of sepsis presentation in the maternal population. The purpose of this study was to determine potential causative factors for sepsis with the aim of prevention and reducing morbidity and mortality. Study Design and Methods: A descriptive observational design via a retrospective medical record review was used with a convenience sample of 22 women who were identified after admission as having sepsis. The setting was the labor and delivery unit of a large urban hospital in Fort Worth, Texas, with over 5,000 births per year. Results: The most common diagnoses related to maternal sepsis included urinary tract infections, endometritis, chorioamnionitis, and wound infections. Main causative agents identified were predominantly Escherichia coli (E. coli), followed by group B streptococcus (GBS), and group A streptococcus (group A strep). The most prevalent presenting symptom was hypothermia or hyperthermia, followed by tachycardia. Primary laboratory results included above and below normal white blood cell count and elevated lactate levels. Sixty-four percent of patients diagnosed with sepsis were readmitted postpartum and 41% gave birth via cesarean. Clinical Implications: Findings are applicable for nursing care and maternal sepsis protocol development. Early identification of mothers at risk for maternal sepsis and tool development for early diagnosis would be beneficial to support the ongoing work on decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality that have a devastating effect on women, their families, and their health care team. Early warning signs of sepsis can be shared by nurses with new mothers and their families as part of routine postpartum discharge teaching so they know when to call their primary health care provider and when to seek care in person. Maternal sepsis is the second leading cause of mortality in obstetric patients and is the reason for at least five percent of maternal intensive care unit admissions in the United States. In this study, nurses evaluated all cases of maternal sepsis in their facility over a five-year period to identify presenting symptoms, vital signs, laboratory data, causative organisms, their clinical course and outcomes for the mother and baby. Using these data, nurses can have a better understanding of early and ongoing signs of maternal sepsis and work with the other members of the perinatal team to promote safe maternity care.
Aluminium(III) hydration in aqueous solution. A Raman spectroscopic investigation and an ab initio molecular orbital study of aluminium(III) water clusters

Raman spectra of aqueous Al(III) chloride, nitrate, and perchlorate solutions were measured over a broad concentration (0.21–3.14 mol L−1) and temperature (25–125°C) range. The weak, polarized band at 525 cm−1 and two depolarized modes at 438 and 332 cm−1 have been assigned to ν1(a1g), ν2(eg) and ν5(f2g) of the hexaaquaaluminium(III) ion, respectively. The IR-active mode at 598 cm−1 has been assigned to ν3(f1u). The vibrational analysis of the species [Al(OH2)63+] was done on the basis of Oh symmetry (OH2 as point mass). The polarized mode ν1(a1g) AlO6 has been followed over the full temperature range and band parameters (band maximum, full width at half height and band intensity) have been examined. The position of the ν1(a1g) AlO6 mode shifts only about 3 cm−1 to lower frequencies and broadens about 20 cm−1 for a 100°C temperature increase. The Raman spectroscopic data suggest that the hexaaquaaluminium(III) ion is thermodynamically stable in chloride, nitrate and perchlorate solutions over the temperature and concentration range measured. No inner-sphere complexes in these solutions could be detected spectroscopically. Aluminium sulfate solutions show a different picture and thermodynamically stable aluminium sulfato complexes could be detected. The sulfato complexes are entropically driven, so that their formation is favoured at higher temperatures. Ab initio geometry optimizations and frequency calculations of [Al(OH2)63+] were carried out at the Hartree–Fock and second-order Moller–Plesset levels of theory, using various basis sets up to 6-31 + G*. The global minimum structure of the hexaaqua Al(III) species corresponds to symmetry Th. The unscaled vibrational frequencies of the [Al(OH2)63+] were reported. The unscaled vibrational frequencies of the AlO6 unit are lower than the experimental frequencies (ca. 15%), but scaling the frequencies reproduces the measured frequencies. The theoretical binding enthalpy for [Al(OH2)63+] was calculated and accounts for ca. 64% of the experimental single ion hydration enthalpy for Al(III). Ab initio geometry optimizations and frequency calculations are also reported for the [Al(OH2)183+] (Al[6 + 12]) cluster with 6 water molecules in the first sphere and 12 water molecules in the second sphere. The global minimum corresponds to T symmetry. Calculated frequencies of the aluminium [6 + 12] cluster correspond with the observed frequencies in solution. The ν1 AlO6 (unscaled, HF/6-31G*) mode occurs at 542 cm−1, in fair agreement with the experimental value. The theoretical binding enthalpy for [Al(OH2)183+] was calculated and is a slightly underestimate of the experimental single ion hydration enthalpy for Al(III). The water molecules of the first sphere form strong H-bonds with water molecules in the second hydration shell because of the strong polarizing effect of the Al(III) ion.
Reactivity ratios for acrylonitrile–vinyl chloroacetate copolymerization systems

Reactivity ratios for acrylonitrile—vinyl chloroacetate systems have been determined for radical copolymerization at 60°C in dimethylformamide. The values of the ratios calculated by the linear graphical method of Kelen and Tudos were as follows: r1 = 4.05 ± 0.1 and r2 = 0.001 ± 0.001 for acrylonitrile (AN)—vinyl monochloroacetate (VCAc), r1 = 7.0 ± 0.25 and r2 = 0.05 ± 0.015 for acrylonitrile—vinyl dichloroacetate (VDAc), r1 = 7.13 ± 0.25 and r2 = 0.06 ± 0.015 for acrylonitrile—vinyl trichloroacetate (VTAc). The penultimate model of the copolymerization and the effect of the vinyl chloroacetate structure were discussed.
Typical angina during exercise stress testing improves the prediction of future acute coronary syndrome

The prognostic value of angina during exercise stress testing is controversial, possibly due to previous studies not differentiating typical from non‐typical angina. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of typical angina alone, or in combination with ST depression, during exercise stress testing for predicting cardiovascular events.
Marijuana Legalization and Rates of Crashing Under the Influence of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Alcohol

Objective To determine if statewide marijuana laws impact upon the detection of drugs and alcohol in victims of motor vehicle collisions (MVC). Methods A retrospective analysis of data collected at trauma centers in Arizona, California, Ohio, Oregon, New Jersey, and Texas between 2006 and 2018 was performed. The percentage of patients testing positive for marijuana tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was compared to the percentage of patients driving under the influence of alcohol (blood alcohol level >0.08 g/dL) that were involved in an MVC. Results The data were analyzed to evaluate the trends in THC and alcohol use in victims of MVC, related to marijuana legalization. The change in incidence of THC detection (percentage) over the time period where data were available are as follows: Arizona 9.5% (0.4 to 9.9), California 5.4% (20.8 to 26.2), Ohio 5.9% (6.7 to 12.6), Oregon 3% (3.0 to 6.0), New Jersey 2.3% (2.7 to 5.0), and Texas 15.3% (3.0 to 18.3). Alcohol use did not change over time in most states. There did not appear to be a relationship between the legalization of marijuana and the likelihood of finding THC in patients admitted after MVC. In fact, in Texas, where marijuana remains illegal, there was the largest change in detection of THC. Conclusions There was no apparent increase in the incidence of driving under the influence of marijuana after legalization. In addition, the changes in marijuana legislation did not appear to impact alcohol use.
Dual proteotoxic stress accelerates liver injury via activation of p62‐Nrf2

Protein accumulation is the hallmark of various neuronal, muscular, and other human disorders. It is also often seen in the liver as a major protein‐secretory organ. For example, aggregation of mutated alpha1‐antitrypsin (AAT), referred to as PiZ, is a characteristic feature of AAT deficiency, whereas retention of hepatitis B surface protein (HBs) is found in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. We investigated the interaction of both proteotoxic stresses in humans and mice. Animals overexpressing both PiZ and HBs (HBs‐PiZ mice) had greater liver injury, steatosis, and fibrosis. Later they exhibited higher hepatocellular carcinoma load and a more aggressive tumor subtype. Although PiZ and HBs displayed differing solubility properties and distinct distribution patterns, HBs‐PiZ animals manifested retention of AAT/HBs in the degradatory pathway and a marked accumulation of the autophagy adaptor p62. Isolation of p62‐containing particles revealed retained HBs/AAT and the lipophagy adapter perilipin‐2. p62 build‐up led to activation of the p62–Nrf2 axis and emergence of reactive oxygen species. Our results demonstrate that the simultaneous presence of two prevalent proteotoxic stresses promotes the development of liver injury due to protein retention and activation of the p62–Nrf2 axis. In humans, the PiZ variant was over‐represented in CHB patients with advanced liver fibrosis (unadjusted odds ratio = 9.92 [1.15–85.39]). Current siRNA approaches targeting HBs/AAT should be considered for these individuals. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonellaisolates from goose farms in Northeast China.

Background Salmonella is one of the most important enteric pathogenic bacteria that threatened poultry health. Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in goose farms. Methods A total of 244 cloacal swabs were collected from goose farms to detect Salmonella in Northeast China. Antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance gene distribution of Salmonella isolates were investigated. Results Twenty-one Salmonella isolates were identified. Overall prevalence of Salmonella in the present study was 8.6%. Among the Salmonella isolates, the highest resistance frequencies belonged to amoxicillin (AMX) (85.7%), tetracycline (TET) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (81%), followed by chloramphenicol (CHL) (76.2%), florfenicol (FLO) (71.4%), kanamycin (KAN) (47.6%), and gentamycin (GEN) (38.1%). Meanwhile, only 4.8% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and cefotaxime (CTX). None of the isolates was resistant to cefoperazone (CFP) and colistin B (CLB). Twenty isolates (95%) were simultaneously resistant to at least two antimicrobials. Ten resistance genes were detected among which the bla TEM-1, cmlA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, sul1, sul2, sul3, and mcr-1.1 were the most prevalent, and presented in all 21 isolates followed by tetB (20/21), qnrB (19/21), and floR (15/21). Conclusion Results indicated that Salmonella isolates from goose farms in Northeast China exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR), harboring multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Our results will be useful to design prevention and therapeutic strategies against Salmonella infection in goose farms.
Root exposure to apple replant disease soil triggers local defense response and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis.

A soil column split-root experiment was designed to investigate the ability of apple replant disease (ARD) causing agents to spread in soil. 'M26' apple rootstocks grew into a top layer of Control soil, followed by a barrier-free split-soil layer (Control soil/ARD soil). We observed a severely reduced root growth, concomitant with enhanced gene expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic genes and phytoalexin content in roots from ARD soil, indicating a pronounced local plant defense response. Amplicon sequencing (bacteria, archaea, fungi) revealed local shifts in diversity and composition of microorganisms in the rhizoplane of roots from ARD soil. An enrichment of OTUs affiliated to potential ARD fungal pathogens (Ilyonectria and Nectria sp.) and bacteria frequently associated with ARD (Streptomyces, Variovorax) was noted. In conclusion, our integrated study supports the idea of ARD being local and not spreading into surrounding soil, as only the roots in ARD soil were affected in terms of growth, phytoalexin biosynthetic gene expression, phytoalexin production, and altered microbiome structure. This study further reinforces the microbiological nature of ARD, being likely triggered by a disturbed soil microbiome enriched with low mobility ARD-causing agents that induce a strong plant defense and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis, concurring with root damage.
Solar exfoliated graphene–carbon nanotube hybrid nano composites as efficient catalyst supports for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Ultra thin graphene–multi walled carbon nanotube composites prepared by a solar exfoliation technique have been explored as catalyst supports for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Pt nanoparticles were dispersed on a solar exfoliated graphene-functionalized multi walled carbon nanotube (sG-fMWNT) hybrid nanocomposite, which exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity for ORR than Pt dispersed functionalized solar graphene (f-sG) catalyst support. The single cell PEMFC measurements give maximum power densities of 355 mW cm−2 and 675 mW cm−2 with sG and sG-f MWNT respectively. The improved performance in the power density with the sG-f MWNT fuel cell can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of 1D MWNT and 2D graphene in sG-f MWNT as well as its high electrochemical surface area. The inclusion of MWNT bridges the defects for electron transfer besides increasing the basal spacing between graphene sheets. The good performance and possibility of high throughput production of sG-f MWNT makes this material a promising catalyst support for PEMFC.
Development and external validation of prediction models to predict implantable cardioverter-defibrillator efficacy in primary prevention of sudden cardiac death

Abstract Aims This study was performed to develop and externally validate prediction models for appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shock and mortality to identify subgroups with insufficient benefit from ICD implantation. Methods and results We recruited patients scheduled for primary prevention ICD implantation and reduced left ventricular function. Bootstrapping-based Cox proportional hazards and Fine and Gray competing risk models with likely candidate predictors were developed for all-cause mortality and appropriate ICD shock, respectively. Between 2014 and 2018, we included 1441 consecutive patients in the development and 1450 patients in the validation cohort. During a median follow-up of 2.4 (IQR 2.1–2.8) years, 109 (7.6%) patients received appropriate ICD shock and 193 (13.4%) died in the development cohort. During a median follow-up of 2.7 (IQR 2.0–3.4) years, 105 (7.2%) received appropriate ICD shock and 223 (15.4%) died in the validation cohort. Selected predictors of appropriate ICD shock were gender, NSVT, ACE/ARB use, atrial fibrillation history, Aldosterone-antagonist use, Digoxin use, eGFR, (N)OAC use, and peripheral vascular disease. Selected predictors of all-cause mortality were age, diuretic use, sodium, NT-pro-BNP, and ACE/ARB use. C-statistic was 0.61 and 0.60 at respectively internal and external validation for appropriate ICD shock and 0.74 at both internal and external validation for mortality. Conclusion Although this cohort study was specifically designed to develop prediction models, risk stratification still remains challenging and no large group with insufficient benefit of ICD implantation was found. However, the prediction models have some clinical utility as we present several scenarios where ICD implantation might be postponed.
Systemic mastocytosis and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: an unusual and intriguing form of SM-AHN

Arturo Bonometti , Emanuela Boveri, Marzia Varettoni, Andrea Ripamonti, Sara Fraticelli, Marco Lucioni, Silvia Zibellini, Chiara Elena, Daniela Pietra, Luca Arcaini and Marco Paulli Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Anatomic Pathology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Unit of Hematology, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Human papillomavirus load and genotype analysis improves the prediction of invasive cervical cancer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐based cervical screening is a globally recommended health policy. Different HPV types have different risk for cervical cancer. For optimal HPV screening, the sensitivity and specificity for each HPV type at different viral loads should be known in a screening setting. HPV test results in about 1 million cervical samples analyzed during 2006 to 2014 were compared for 319 women who had developed invasive cervical cancer up to 8.5 years later and for 1911 matched control women. Detection including low viral loads resulted in markedly increased sensitivity for cervical cancer only for HPV types 16 and 18. Testing for HPV types 31, 33, 45 and 52 also increased the sensitivity for prediction of cervical cancer, but for these viruses, detection of low viral load did not further increase sensitivity. HPV types 35, 39, 51, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 only predicted occasional additional cervical cancer cases. Testing for HPV16/18 at low viral load plus testing for HPV31, 33, 45 and 52 at >3000 copies/μL predicted 86.5% of cancers occurring within a year after testing, similar to the 89.4% that were predicted by testing for 14 HPV types. By contrast, the type and viral load‐restricted testing greatly increased specificity: 6.3% of healthy women tested positive as compared to 11.7% of healthy women testing positive for the 14 HPV types commonly screened for today. Adequate HPV screening sensitivity, with considerable increase in specificity, can be obtained by testing only for HPV16/18/31/33/45/52, with detection of low viral load required only for HPV16/18.
Evaluating heart electrical activities and cardiac arrhythmias of Holstein cows during ageing by short‐term electrocardiography in comparison with 24‐hour holter‐monitoring

Abstract Short‐term electrocardiography is one of the most suitable tools to study the electrical activity of the heart, but the use of a tool such as a Holter‐monitor with the ability to assess the long‐term of the heart electrical activity, can provide more accurate information about these activities by comparing the results. It is possible to understand the superiority of each over the other and the resulting differences. Therefore, 60 female Holstein cows in 10 age groups, including 1 day, 1, 3, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 years were included in the study (6 heads in each age group). Electrocardiography (for 5 min) and Holter‐monitoring (for 24 hr) were performed from the entire study population. The Q, R and T amplitudes in electrocardiography were significantly higher than those in Holter‐monitoring. The P, R and T durations and P‐R, R‐R, Q‐T and S‐T intervals at all ages were significantly longer in the Holter‐monitoring than in the electrocardiographic method. The heart rate of animals was significantly lower in the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring than in the short‐term electrocardiography. The trend of changes of all parameters was significant during ageing. Cardiac arrhythmias included sinus arrhythmia and sino‐atrial block, which were the most common cardiac arrhythmias in the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring. It appears that long‐term Holter‐monitoring is a more reliable method than short‐term electrocardiography to assess cardiac arrhythmias. Additionally, the indicators of electrical activity of the heart (waves) in the Holter‐monitoring method are significantly different from short‐term electrocardiography, which is probably due to the collection of information over a long period and in non‐stressful situations. Furthermore, it appears that the use of the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring method is preferable to the short‐term electrocardiography method to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart of cows at all ages.