Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial expression of Drosophila Glutathione S‐transferase‐D1 in the alimentary canal is regulated by the overlying visceral mesoderm

Regional gene expression within Drosophila gut epithelium is regulated by the homeotic genes expressed in the overlying visceral mesoderm. Here it is reported that Glutathione S‐transferase‐D1 (Gst‐D1) had three distinctive expression domains in the gut epithelia: the inner epithelium of the proventriculus, the anterior border of the hindgut epithelium, and the midgut epithelium. Gst‐D1 expression in the midgut epithelium became restricted to the region that later formed the third midgut constriction. This spatial restriction within the midgut epithelium required abdominal‐A activity in the overlying visceral mesoderm, suggesting that Gst‐D1 will be a useful marker to analyze the mechanism of gene regulation across the mesoderm and endoderm.
Effect of inoculation route on the production of antibodies and histological characteristics of the spleen in laying hens

Recent studies have reported the use of IgY antibody in the prevention or treatment of diseases in animals. IgY can be obtained in large amounts from the yolk of chicken eggs through a low-cost process. This study evaluated the effect of different routes of inoculation on antibody production and spleen morphological characteristics of laying hens (White Leghorn) inoculated with sheep red blood cells. The analysis of the results showed that the intramuscular route is the most efficient for total antibody production in the primary immune response, while the intravenous route is the most efficient in producing IgY antibodies in the secondary immune response. No histological changes were observed in the spleen of laying hens. This study could be useful for developing protocols of antigen inoculation in laying hens for IgY antibody production.
Predictors of impaired daytime sleep and wakefulness in patients with Parkinson disease treated with older (ergot) vs newer (nonergot) dopamine agonists.

BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) treated with the nonergot dopamine agonists pramipexole dihydrochloride and ropinirole hydrochloride have been reported to have sleep attacks without warning. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic evaluation of excessive daytime sleepiness using standard polysomnographic techniques. DESIGN Two overnight studies and daytime sleep tests were performed on a prospective sample. Pathologic daytime sleep latency was indexed by a mean Multiple Sleep Latency Test score of no greater than 5 minutes or a mean Maintenance of Wakefulness Test latency of no greater than 20 minutes. PATIENTS AND SETTING Eighty nondemented, independent PD patients treated with dopamine agonists at the Toronto Western Hospital Sleep Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario. RESULTS Patients treated with pramipexole dihydrochloride (n = 29), ropinirole (n = 28), or bromocriptine mesylate or pergolide mesylate (n = 23) did not differ with respect to mean Multiple Sleep Latency Test scores (overall, 12.1 minutes [SD, 5.1 minutes], F(2,77) = 0.11; P =. 90) or mean Maintenance of Wakefulness Test latencies (overall, 26.7 minutes [SD, 5.4 minutes]; F(2,77) = 1.1; P =. 29). Fifteen patients (18.8%) exhibited pathologic daytime sleep latencies. The main risk factor associated with pathologic daytime sleep latency was high levodopa dosage equivalents (>867.5 mg; odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-13.7). Subjective accounts of daytime sleep and wakefulness, as indexed by scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, were not related to impaired daytime sleepiness or wakefulness (chi(2)(1) [n = 80], 0.13; P =. 72). CONCLUSIONS Total dopaminergic drug dose rather than the specific dopamine agonist used is the best predictor of daytime sleepiness in PD patients receiving dopamine agonist therapy. Physicians concerned with daytime hypersomnolence in PD patients treated with dopamine agonists and receiving high levodopa dosage equivalents should consider polysomnographic monitoring for impaired daytime sleep latency.
Occurrence of groups A and B of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children.

Over 15 years respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) isolates from 1209 hospitalized and ambulatory children were examined for strain group and in a subset for subgroup to determine the associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Three patterns of yearly outbreaks existed: (1) strong predominance of group A strains (9 years with 83%-100% A strains), (2) relatively equal proportions of group A and B strains (4 years), and (3) strong predominance of group B strains (78%-85%) in 2 years, separated by a decade. The first pattern of highly dominant A strains occurred in cycles of 1 or 2 consecutive years with a single intervening year in which B strains were greater than or equal to 40% of the isolates. Subgroups A1 and A2 predominated, while B2, 3, and 4 occurred almost equally. A greater clinical severity for Group A strains was suggested by children with group A infections requiring intensive care significantly more often (15.4 vs. 8.3%, P = .008). Further, strongly dominant A strain years were associated with higher proportions of RSV admissions requiring intensive care (16.6% vs. 5.5%, P less than .01). Strains of subgroups A2 and B4 were more frequently found in hospitalized patients and A1 in outpatients, and the 2 years with the highest rates of intensive care admissions were those in which subgroup A2 dominated.
Dynamic distribution of HDAC1 and HDAC2 during mitosis: Association with F‐actin

During mitosis, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) becomes highly phosphorylated through the action of CK2, and HDAC1 and 2 are displaced from mitotic chromosomes. HDAC1 and 2 are components of corepressor complexes, which function with lysine acetyltransferases to catalyze dynamic protein acetylation and regulate gene expression. In this study, we show that HDAC1 and 2 associate with F‐actin in mitotic cells. Inhibition of Aurora B or protein kinase CK2 did not prevent the displacement of HDAC1 and 2 from mitotic chromosomes in HeLa cells. Further, proteins of the HDAC1 and 2 corepressor complexes and transcription factors recruiting these corepressors to chromatin were dissociated from mitotic chromosomes independent of Aurora B activity. HDAC1 and 2 returned to the nuclei of daughter cells during lamin A/C reassembly and before Sp1, Sp3, and RNA polymerase II. Our results show that HDAC1 and 2 corepressor complexes are removed from the mitotic chromosomes and are available early in the events leading to the re‐establishment of the gene expression program in daughter cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1525–1535, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lymphocyte death in a mouse model of Ebola virus infection.

BACKGROUND A striking feature of Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) infection in nonhuman primates is the rapid depletion of T and NK lymphocytes by apoptosis. In a mouse model of ZEBOV infection, lymphocyte death is a prominent finding; however, the mechanism of death and the lymphocyte subsets that are targeted remain unknown. METHODS We extended the characterization of lymphocyte death in a mouse model of ZEBOV infection by evaluating lymphocytes during the course of disease, using flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS B cell, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell, and NK cell counts all dropped dramatically in the blood of infected BALB/c mice, and lymphocyte death was observed in the spleen by means of TUNEL staining and in the blood by means of electron microscopy. Morphologically, lymphocyte death occurred by both classic apoptosis and apoptosis-like programmed cell death. CONCLUSIONS The early and severe loss of peripheral blood NK and CD8+ lymphocytes in ZEBOV-infected mice is similar to that seen in macaques. The morphological basis of lymphocyte death in ZEBOV-infected mice appears to be both classic apoptosis and apoptosis-like programmed cell death, although lymphocyte apoptosis in ZEBOV-infected nonhuman primates seems to occur primarily via classic apoptosis. The mouse model of ZEBOV infection may be useful for the screening of therapeutics directed against limiting lymphocyte death.
MUT‐TP53 2.0: a novel versatile matrix for statistical analysis of TP53 mutations in human cancer a

Analysis of the literature reporting p53 mutations shows that 8% of report display typographical mistakes with a notable increase in recent years. These errors are sometimes isolated, but in some cases, they concern several or even all mutations described in a single article. Furthermore, some works report unusual profile of p53 mutations whose accuracy is difficult to assess. To handle these problems we have developed MUT‐TP53 2.0, an accurate and powerful tool that will automatically handle p53 mutations and generate tables ready for publication that will lower the risk of typographical errors. Furthermore, using functional and statistical information issued from the UMD p53 database, it allows to assess the biological activity and the likelihood of every p53 mutant. Hum Mutat 31:1020–1025, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aneuploidy Detection in Paraffin Embedded Tissue from Products of Conception by Mini-STR Genotyping

Autosomal trisomy is the most common genetic abnormality observed in pregnancy loss. We designed a panel of mini-short tandem repeats (mini-STRs) for aneuploidy detection in chromosomes 13, 16, 18 and 21 from fresh and formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples from products of conception (POC). FFPE POCs with trisomy 13 (n = 6), trisomy 18 (n = 6), trisomy 21 (n = 12), 6 euploid for the chromosomes of interest and two trisomy 16 samples from fresh tissue were tested. Concordance between cytogenetics and genotyping was 100% for non-mosaic samples. Mini-STR genotyping is a viable method for targeted aneuploidy detection in low quality DNA samples.
Charge transfer of H+ with Cl and Cl+ with H.

The molecular states that control the charge transfer of protons with chlorine atoms and of chlorine ions with hydrogen atoms are identified, and estimates are made of the strengths of the spin-orbit interactions that drive the processes. The cross sections are calculated by solving numerically the coupled equations of scattering theory and the resulting rate coefficients are presented. The rate coefficient for the charge transfer of protons with chlorine atoms at 70 K is 1.2[times]10[sup [minus]12] cm[sup 3] s[sup [minus]1] and at 300 K is 4.3[times]10[sup [minus]11] cm[sup 3] s[sup [minus]1].
A new PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance machine with a nonconventional fractional slot per pole combination

Fractional-slot concentrated-winding synchronous permanent magnet machines (PM) are appreciated for their simple construction and high torque density. Unfortunately, it is well known that such fractional slot / pole combinations kill the reluctance torque potential of salient interior PM rotor configurations. To date, this has hindered the application of fractional windings to machines of the Synchronous Reluctance and PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance types. This paper proposes a new fractional slot PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance machine with 24 slots and 10 rotor poles. The new machine is compared to a benchmark 10-pole PM-assisted machine having 90 slots and distributed windings and to another competitor with 12 slots concentrated windings. FEA results show that the new machine is comparable to the distributed windings version in terms of torque density and losses, and much easier to be manufactured.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The Paradox of the Case Study

In order to demonstrate the scalability of automated reasoning techniques, it is important to embark on large-scale case studies. As a field, we need to present a reward system for the completion of such case studies. However, there is a paradox at the heart of the case study. It is this paradox, and its resolution, that I intend to explore in this note. The classic example of the theorem proving case study is Shankar’s proof of Godel’s incompleteness proof using the Nqthm theorem prover [Shankar, 1994]. Shankar’s reward for this case study was that he received a PhD. Note that the theorem prover was developed by third parties: Shankar’s supervisors Bob Boyer and J Moore.
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to child safety restraint in citizens of Shenzhen Municipality, China, and the associations between these factors

ABSTRACT Objective: A child safety restraint (CSR) is an effective measure to reduce the risk of child injury from traffic collisions. This study aims to explore knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding CSRs in a Chinese population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey regarding CSR use was conducted from April to May 2014 in Shenzhen municipality. Respondents were parents who had at least one child 0 to 6 years of age and owned a car. These parents provided a self-report of demographic characteristics as well as information about their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward CSR use. Results: Most respondents had a fair level of knowledge about CSRs, with higher mean knowledge scores demonstrated among the respondents who were male, had an advanced degree, had a higher income, owned an expensive car, had an older child, drove frequently with children, and routinely drove greater distances with children. In addition, most respondents had a more positive attitude toward CSR use, with a higher mean attitude score among those who had an advanced degree, owned an expensive car, drove frequently with children, and routinely drove greater distances with children. However, some myths regarding CSR use also existed (e.g., parents can effectively protect their children in a car collision by holding them, they are not required to purchase the CSR for child safety if there is no mandatory provision by law, among others). Among 3,768 respondents who had at least one child and a car, 27.8% (1,047) had a CSR and 22.9% (864) used the CSR. A logistic regression model showed the likelihood of CSR ownership to be higher if respondents drove frequently or greater distances and was dependent on both the education level of the respondents and the age of the children. The frequency of CSR use increased as the age of children decreased (P = .0274). Respondents who owned a CSR and those who frequently used CSRs had higher mean knowledge and mean attitude scores. Conclusions: This observational study found that although the majority of respondents had fair levels of knowledge and positive attitudes, they had lower rates of CSR ownership and use. Therefore, efforts at developing opportunities to expand public awareness of CSR use should be made to improve child passenger safety practices and eliminate child injury caused by traffic collisions.
Urban Planning and Sustainable Development

Following the discourse about sustainable development based on the Brundtland Commission's report and the processes in the UN Committee on Environment and Development, a sustainable urban development would require considerably more ambitious policies than today in order to limit energy consumption, reduce pollution and protect natural areas and arable land. Re-use of urban areas and more effective utilization of building sites is a possible strategy to this end. However, continuous growth in the building stock will make it increasingly difficult to bring urban development in wealthy countries within the frames of what is ecologically sustainable and equitable in a global perspective. Planning for a sustainable urban development must be oriented towards long-term goals and utilize knowledge about the environmental consequences of different solutions, but should not be based solely on means-ends rationality. Rather than aiming at consensus including all stakeholder groups, planning for sustainability should facilitate alliance-building among those population groups who can support the basic equity and environmental values of a sustainable development.
Factors in pin tract infections.

To determine the factors pertinent to the etiology of pin tract infections, 214 pins in 42 patients were examined prospectively at the time of pin removal. Eighty-nine (41.6%) pin tracts were inflamed, 49 (22.9%) pins had loose anchorages, and 160 (74.8%) pin tips cultured positive for bacteria. The predominant organism cultured was Staphylococcus epidermidis (90.6%), considered nonvirulent, followed by virulent Staphylococcus aureus (37.5%), and Escherichia coli (9.4%). There were 32 loose, inflamed pin tracts. This correlation was statistically significant (P less than .005). There were 40 loose pins whose pin tips had positive cultures. Loose pins correlated for infection with virulent species of bacteria at a highly significant level (P less than .005). Results demonstrate that most pins possess bacterial colonization. Clinically, this means that either inflamed pin tracts or pins with cultures positive for invasive organisms are probably loose and should be removed. Also, mechanical factors are the critical variable in determining the flora of external fixation pins.
Sturdy Inference: A Bayesian Analysis of U.S. Motorcycle Helmet Laws

Motorcycle related fatalities continue to be a major concern for public health officials, economists, and policy makers interested in such matters. In 2006, 3% of all motor vehicles registered in the United States were 2-3 wheelers (motorcycle type vehicles), while riders of these vehicles accounted for 11% of vehicle related deaths. Such a disproportionate number of fatalities associated with motorcycles is certainly grounds for concern. Most studies of motorcycle fatalities attribute deaths to the avoidance of wearing helmets and the lack of helmet laws, speed, and alcohol usage. This study makes use of a rich panel data set for the period 1980 to 2010 by state and the District of Columbia to examine these factors and others. It is the first study to differentiate between the effects of universal and partial helmet laws on motorcycle fatalities. It also accounts for the effects of cell phone use, alcohol consumption, and suicidal propensities on these crashes after adjusting for a whole host of socioeconomic and driving related factors. The analysis is conducted using a new Bayesian technique, which examines the sturdiness of regression coefficients. This new method uses statistics referred to as S-values that addresses both estimation and model ambiguity. Results indicate that the variables we focus on, i.e., cell phones, alcohol consumption, and helmet laws affect motorcycle fatalities. Further, universal helmet laws appear to have a larger effect on such fatalities than partial helmet laws.
Resonant photoemission study of Nd2-xCexCuO4-y: Nature of electronic states near the Fermi level.

Etude des structures electroniques des echantillons monocristallins et ceramiques supraconducteurs dopes par electrons Nd 2−x Ce x CuO 4−y pour x=0 et 0,15. Le dopage par electrons et par trous est a la meme energie, dans les etats qui remplissent la bande interdite isolante a x=0. Ce resultat a lieu si les etats au niveau de Fermi obeissent a la loi des sommes de type Luttinger
Qualitative and quantitative image quality assessment of vector quantization, JPEG, and JPEG2000 compressed images

The main objective of this work is to determine a numerical measure that can judge block-based compressed images, namely vector quantization (VQ), JPEG, and JPEG2000 encoded images. Various objective measures are investigated and new measures are developed, then all measures are classified into groups. The analysis of normalized versions of the measures within each group has led to the design of a new measure, denoted as the normalized perceptual image quality measure (NPIQM), that better matches the psychophysical evaluation of the image quality than using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) criterion. NPIQM can also be plotted graphically in a radar-fashion form, which gives the ability to compare different images at different bit rates, and give a detailed judgment based on the proposed graphical interpretation. A perceptual examination is carried out and proves the superiority of the NPIQM measure over PSNR.
The proteins in nasal secretion. II. A longitudinal study of IgA and neutralizing antibody levels in nasal washings from men infected with influenza virus.

Following influenza virus infection, virus-neutralizing antibody was detected earlier, rose to high titers sooner, and was demonstrable more frequently in nasal washings from men who had had relatively high concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in their nasal washings prior to the infection. Four men who had relatively low levels of nasal IgA before inoculation were the only ones who experienced typical febrile influenza. Virus-neutralizing antibody was detected relatively late and infrequently in the postinoculation nasal washings from these men. These findings suggest that the immunologic response to influenza virus at the mucous membrane surface may play a role in limiting infection, and thereby avert clinical illness.
Pathogenesis of a Genogroup II Human Norovirus in Gnotobiotic Pigs

ABSTRACT We evaluated the gnotobiotic (Gn) pig as a model to study the pathogenesis of human norovirus (HuNoV) and to determine the target cells for viral replication. Sixty-five Gn pigs were inoculated with fecal filtrates of the NoV/GII/4/HS66/2001/US strain or with pig-passaged intestinal contents (IC) and euthanized acutely (n = 43) or after convalescence (n = 22). Age-matched Gn piglets (n = 14) served as mock-inoculated controls. Seventy-four percent (48/65) of the inoculated animals developed mild diarrhea compared to 0 of 14 controls. Pigs from postinoculation days (PID) 1 to 4 tested positive for HuNoV by reverse transcription-PCR of rectal swab fluids (29/65) and IC (9/43) and by antigen (Ag) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antiserum to virus-like particles of HuNoV GII/4. No control pigs were positive. Histopathologic examination showed mild lesions in the proximal small intestine of only one pig (1/7). Seroconversion after PID 21 was detected by antibody ELISA in 13 of 22 virus-inoculated pigs (titers, 1:20 to 1:200) but not in controls. Immunofluorescent microscopy using a monoclonal antibody to HuNoV GII capsid revealed patchy infection of duodenal and jejunal enterocytes of 18 of 31 HuNoV-inoculated pigs with a few stained cells in the ileum and no immunofluorescence (IF) in mock-inoculated controls. Immunofluorescent detection of the viral nonstructural N-terminal protein antigen in enterocytes confirmed translation. Transmission electron microscopy of intestines from HuNoV-inoculated pigs showed disrupted enterocytes, with cytoplasmic membrane vesicles containing calicivirus-like particles of 25 to 40 nm in diameter. In summary, serial passage of HuNoV in pigs, with occurrence of mild diarrhea and shedding, and immunofluorescent detection of the HuNoV structural and nonstructural proteins in enterocytes confirm HuNoV replication in Gn pigs.
Estimation of ground bounce effects on CMOS circuits

As chip density is increased, number of I/Os are increased, and clock driver and fan out drivers constitute a large part of the chip. However, simultaneous switching of these drivers produces undesired noise and voltage changes on the chip ground and V/sub dd/ rails. In this paper these noises are modeled and simple expressions are derived that can estimate the shape and the peak of these pulses. These models are derived for both the long channel and short channel CMOS devices. HSPICE simulations confirm the validity of these models.