Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic correlations among body condition score, somatic cell score, milk production, fertility and conformation traits in dairy cows

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for body condition score (BCS), days to first service (DFS), non-return rate (NRR), somatic cell score (SCS), and 305-day milk, fat and protein yields were estimated, using 38930 multiple lactation records of cows across 1830 herds. The cows were daughters of '243 different sires. Single- and multi-trait repeatability animal models were used to estimate parameters based on restricted maximum likelihood methodology. Fixed effects in the model varied depending on the individual trait. Further, genetic relationships between 27 (linear and descriptive) type traits and functional traits (fertility and SCS) were estimated by regressing daughter type records on their sire's estimated breeding values for functional traits, using the same data set. Estimated regression coefficients were then subsequently used to derive approximate genetic correlations between type and functional traits (DFS, NRR and SCS). Body condition score had a moderate heritability (h 2 ) of 0-26 and fertility traits had a low h 2 (0-12 for DFS and 0-06 for NRR). Heritability of SCS and milk production traits was 0-14 and around 0-30, respectively. Ratio of permanent environmental variance to phenotypic variance was higher than h 2 for all traits considered and ranged from 0-09 for NRR to 0-45 for milk yield. Body condition score had a favourable genetic correlation (r g ) with SCS, but it was not strong (-0-08). Milk production was genetically antagonistic with fertility (r g : range 0-12 to 0-27 with DFS and -0-12 to -0-24 with NRR), with BCS (-0-39 to -0-50), and with SCS (0-10 to 0-15) showing that selecting for milk production alone would lead to decline in genetic merit for these functional traits. Body condition score had favourable genetic correlations with fertility traits (-0-35 with DFS and 0-04 with NRR) suggesting that BCS could be considered in a fertility index. Several type traits (especially 'udder' traits) had a favourable genetic relationship with fertility traits and SCS whereas dairy character had an unfavourable genetic relationship. Results of this study on genetic and phenotypic correlations among several functional, type and production traits could be used to design improved selection indexes for dairy producers.
Lipid profiles for HER2-positive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Accumulating data indicate that human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. We undertook a study to correlate lipid profiles with heterogeneous clinicopathological features of HER2-positive breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histology-directed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry (MS) analyses were performed on 22 retrospective frozen tissue samples collected from patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, in order to correlate lipid profiles with clinicopathological characteristics. Additionally, a pair of tumor and adjacent normal tissue was profiled to identify cancer-associated changes in lipid profiles. RESULTS Sphingomyelin 34:1, phosphatidylcholine (PC) 32:0, and PC 34:1, and PC 36:2 were overexpressed in HER2-positive breast cancer compared to adjacent normal tissue (HER2 signature). Lipid MALDI-MS profiles were different between Ki-67-high and Ki-67-low tumors. The proliferation signature (Ki-67-high vs. Ki-67-low) and the HER2 signature (cancer vs. normal) did not significantly overlap with each other. CONCLUSION For the first time to our knowledge, this study describes lipid profiles correlated with various clinicopathological characteristics of HER2-positive breast cancer. Lipid profiling might be helpful for the molecular characterization of this disease.
Forward kinematic-like neural network for solving the 3D reaching inverse kinematics problems

This paper presents the inverse kinematic solutions based on neural networks. General neural network approaches use data of the end-effector positions as an input and angle joints as an output to train the neural network for mapping the input to the output. However, the proposed method creates the custom networks from forward kinematic equations. This special structure makes the network like a position finder with ability to automatically adjust angle joints until the end-effector reaches the desired position by backpropagation with variable learning rate algorithm. Then, the solutions of angles can be found from the final weights and bias values. Moreover, the proposed network use less number of neurons and amount of the solution space is not depend on the training data. Finally, to evaluate the performance algorithm, the MATLAB Program is used to demonstrate a 4-DOF robotic arm movement in 3-dimensional. As a result, the proposed algorithm can help a robotic arm move to the desired position (3D reaching) quickly and correctly.
Elucidating the Evolution of the Red Brocket Deer Mazama americana Complex (Artiodactyla; Cervidae)

The red brocket deer Mazama americana is a neotropical species that exhibits extensive karyotype variation under an unvarying morphotype. In order to deduce red brocket deer genetic units for conservation, gene flow between populations, and genetic variation, we initiated a cytogenetic and molecular genetic study based on representative samples from throughout their Brazilian geographic range. These data represent the first cytotaxonomical and molecular systematics, and although sample sizes are limited, our results clearly suggest that red brocket deer populations are significantly differentiated with respect to karyotypes and the mitochondrial sequences analyzed. We clearly recognized 2 independent species, and we will be focusing further research in analyzing the meiotic dynamic to determine the existence of other evolutionarily significant units under the red brocket complex.
On Computation and Random Strings

2 Preliminaries 2 2.1 Strings and Languages . 2 2.2 Turing Machines . 3 2.3 Recognizers and Deciders . 4 2.4 Alternation . 4 2.5 Complexity Classes . 4 2.6 Computable Functions . 5 2.7 Boolean Circuits and Reductions . 6 2.8 Enumeration . 6
Natural history and impact on outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients with road traffic injury.

INTRODUCTION The incidence and outcomes of posttraumatic acute kidney injury (AKI) have not been well-established because of the alterations in the definition used to characterize renal dysfunction. The natural history of AKI after road traffic injury (RTI) has not been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of a tertiary care medical center database, on 3,945 RTI patients admitted between 2002 and 2006. RESULTS AKI as defined by RIFLE criteria developed in 423 (10.7%) RTI patients, with maximum RIFLE class risk, injury and failure in 43.0%, 28.6%, and 28.4% respectively. A total of 59 patients (13.9% of AKI cohort) required renal replacement therapy and 77.5% of patients surviving AKI had complete renal recovery before discharge. Infusing vasopressors >= 4 h, using high-dose diuretics, and delayed transport time were identified as the independent risk factors for occurrence of AKI. Patients with maximum RIFLE class risk, injury and failure had hospital mortality rates of 37.4, 52.9 and 79.2%, respectively, compared with 7.1% for patients without AKI. RIFLE classification was also associated with the probability of making a complete renal recovery. CONCLUSIONS Development of AKI in RTI patients represents a substantial risk for mortality in this population. Shortening the transport time and appropriate early intervention may reduce the risk of AKI. RIFLE provides a well-balanced classification system for determining AKI and predicting its outcome in this population.
The discovery of aspirin: a reappraisal

The discovery of aspirin is customarily said to have resulted from Felix Hoffmann's rheumatic father encouraging his son to produce a medicine devoid of the unpleasant effects of sodium salicylate. Hoffmann, a chemist in the pharmaceutical laboratory of the German dye manufacturer Friedrich Bayer & Co in Elberfeld, consulted the chemical literature and came across the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid and then prepared the first sample of pure acetylsalicylic acid on 10 August 1897. This was marketed in 1899 under the registered trademark of Aspirin. This account of the discovery first appeared in 1934 as a footnote in a history of chemical engineering written by Albrecht Schmidt, a chemist who had recently retired from IG Farbenindustrie—the organisation into which F Bayer & Co had been incorporated in 1925.1 #### Summary points Until now, it has been generally accepted that Felix Hoffmann developed aspirin to help his rheumatic father In 1949 Hoffman's former colleague Arthur Eichengrun claimed that the work had been done under his direction Analysis of relevant archival and published material now supports Eichengrun's claim and throws doubt on the reliability of the source crediting Hoffmann It is likely that acetylsalicylic acid was synthesised under Eichengrun's direction and that it would not have been introduced in 1899 without his intervention The footnote also stated that Hoffmann had arranged for several chemical derivatives of salicylic acid to be examined, not just its acetyl ester. No indication was given of what the others were, but in 1899 Heinrich Dreser, head of the experimental pharmacology laboratory at Elberfeld, named them in a paper as propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, and benzoyl salicylic acids.2 He further alluded to them in 1907,3 and again in 1918.4 No earlier reports of the preparation of any of these are to be found, but three of them appear …
Impaired peripheral nerve regeneration in diabetes mellitus

Abstract Diabetes mellitus impairs peripheral nerve regeneration. Regenerative failure likely exacerbates deficits from polyneuropathy or focal neuropathies in patients who might otherwise exhibit spontaneous improvement. Some focal neuropathies, like carpal tunnel syndrome, are common, yet render ongoing disability because of their delayed recovery. Why diabetic nerves fail to regenerate is an interesting question to consider because several mechanisms likely contribute. In this review, we examine a number of these causes. These causes include microangiopathy or disease of small blood vessels, failure to provide proper metabolic support for repair, defects in the entry and actions of inflammatory cells within the injury milieu, less robust support of axons by their Schwann cells, and lack of a full repertoire of trophic factors. A number of the mechanisms that generate neuropathy in the first place also likely contribute to failed regenerative programs, but how they do so is not clear.
Obstacle detectors for visually impaired people

This paper carries out a review on Electronic Travel Aid Systems (ETAS) for visually impaired people and describes a new wearable Cognitive Aid System for Blind People (CASBliP) developed within the frame of European CASBliP project, in which the authors are taking part. Information on the environment enables humans and vertebrates to know about sources that are in many different directions, particularly signals that are outside the detection range of other senses. Sound source localization is inherently important for safety-survival and navigation. In addition to the acoustical cues, the visual cues such as object detection, tracking and distance measurement play an important role in the navigation not only for robots, but also for blind people, since they are often dependent on artificial intelligence. Due to the fact that blind people make maximum use of sound not only to know the obstacle presence, but also how dangerous it is, in order to avoid it effectively, the CASBliP devices use acoustical sounds in order to represent the visual information detected by the sensors and artificial vision systems.
Rheumatoid arthritis in paintings: a tale of two origins

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is thought to be a ‘recent’ disease in that descriptions of it were only noted in the 17th century. However, a study of paintings would suggest that RA could have been present as early as the 15th century, when artists started to paint the human body accurately rather than figuratively. Thus, it was possible to deduce from their paintings the occurrence of various medical conditions. If present, RA with its typical finger deformities should be apparent. This review discusses the known occurrences of RA‐type deformities in paintings and places this in the context of the origins of the disease.
Empirical Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms Based on EEG Data Bachelor ’ s Thesis

The aim of this work is to compare different machine learning algorithms in an attempt to find the best one for classifying EEG data. In order to achieve this, the data from ten subjects were classified by ten machine learning algorithms. The algorithms were compared in three ways: Firstly, they were compared by using three performance metrics, secondly, by using clustergrams and lastly, by using corralation matrices. The results from the comparison show that the without parameter optimization, logistic regression model is the most efficient algorithm for classifying EEG data. However, with parameter optimization, random forest is the most efficient algorithm for classifying EEG data.
Nonexistence of the so‐called cerebral form of carotid sinus syncope

THE WORK OF Hering, Heymans, and decastro, during the twenties, on the anatomy and physiology of the carotid sinus has shown the importance of this structure in certain vasomotor reflexes. It is not the intent of our paper to criticize this work; rather, we wish to point out that when attention was drawn to the carotid sinus, one important observation made in the nineteenth century was forgotten or overlooked: compression of either carotid arteryin the neck can result in ischemia of the brain with syncope. Experimentally, lowering of the intrasinus pressure by compression of the common carotid artery proximal to the sinus results in cardiac acceleration, vasoconstriction, and a rise in arterial pressure with liberation of adrenalin. Pressure of the carotid sinus itself causes slowing of the heart, vasodilation, and fall in blood pressure. In man, no abnormality is noted on compression or palpation of the carotid bifurcation, particularly in young, healthy subjects. In other individuals, one of several responses, or various combinations of these, may be obtained: 11 There may be an irritable carotid sinus, and, on compression or palpation of the carotid sinus, syncope may result due to asystole produced by the cardioinhibitory reflex. 21 A severe drop in blood pressure may occur as a result of the vasodepressor reflex. This is not necessarily associated with syncope. 31 Syncope, unassociated with bradycardia or vasodepression, may occur. It is this third type of reaction that has been called the cerebral form of carotid sinus irritability. We have found that when syncope occurs upon compression of the carotid artery
Response to letter regarding article, "AT2 receptor activation induces natriuresis and lowers blood pressure".

We thank Drs Maiolino, Naso, and Calo for their kind recognition of our study.1 We are delighted to learn of the evidence from the human model of Bartter and Gietelman syndromes that AT2 receptors (AT2Rs) are activated via angiotensin signaling. Indeed, in both of these human syndromes, there is marked activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) associated with hypotension, to which AT2Rs may contribute by direct vasodilation and natriuresis. Numerous studies in experimental animals have shown that AT2Rs oppose the pressor actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) via AT1Rs and lower blood pressure, especially in the presence of AT1R blockade.2–9 Indeed, AT2R stimulation lowers blood pressure predominantly under circumstances in which the RAS is activated10–13 by increasing pressure natriuresis.11,13 It is likely that the depressor and hypotensive effects of AT2R activation …
Sickle cell trait knowledge and health literacy in caregivers who receive in‐person sickle cell trait education

Despite universal screening that detects sickle cell trait (SCT) in infancy, only 16% of Americans with SCT know their status. To increase SCT status awareness, effective education for patients and their families is needed. The objective of this study was to assess caregivers’ SCT knowledge before and after an in‐person SCT education session.
Nucleus structure and transcriptional activity in relation to oocyte diameter in cattle.

Bovine abattoir ovaries were sliced, and recovered oocytes were washed and incubated in medium enriched with 3H-uridine for 30 min. Uridine incorporation was stopped by washing at 4 degrees C in PBS supplemented with cold uridine. The oocytes were grouped according to their inside diameter- < 100, 100- < 110, 110- < 120, and > or = 120 microns-and processed for autoradiography and transmission electron microscopy. Oocytes < 110 microns in diameter typically presented fibrillogranular nucleoli and were actively transcribing; in contrast, most oocytes > 110 microns displayed electron-dense fibrillar nucleoli and lacked transcriptional activity, as measured by the present means. Based on morphological and transcriptional information, a dynamic model of nucleolus inactivation is proposed. The degree of chromatin condensation varied among oocytes. Fibrillogranular nucleoli were most frequently accompanied by lightly condensed chromatin. The dense fibrillar nucleoli were usually encapsulated by heavily condensed chromatin. The oocyte nuclei underwent a peripheral translocation as the oocyte diameter increased from < 100 to 110 microns. In conclusion, RNA synthesis appeared to cease as the oocyte diameter exceeded 110 microns, and concomitantly the nucleoli restructured from fibrillogranular to dense fibrillar.
Azimuthal plasma pressure gradient in quiet time plasma sheet

We have investigated the quiet‐time azimuthal plasma pressure gradient in the plasma sheet at a radial distance of 10 RE to 12 RE using two THEMIS spacecraft that were in overlapping orbits during the 2008 THEMIS tail season. The equatorial plasma pressure is estimated by using the in‐situ measurement of the plasma pressure and magnetic pressure based on pressure balance assumption. The results show a persistent duskward pressure gradient in the entire observed nightside region, which indicates upward field‐aligned current from the ionosphere maps to this entire region. This current corresponds to the Region‐2 current system in the post‐midnight sector and the Region 1 current system in pre‐midnight sector. The pressure gradients indicate that the upward field‐aligned currents peak in the vicinity of midnight and decrease towards dusk and dawn, perhaps approaching zero near dusk. The downward Region‐2 current system in the pre‐midnight sector is expected to be located earthward of 11 RE.
Design of the INHIBIT trial: preventing inhibitors by avoiding ‘danger’, prolonging half-life and promoting tolerance

Inhibitor formation is among the most serious complications of hemophilia treatment. With the US FDA licensure of the novel long-lasting recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) Fc fusion protein, Eloctate, which prolongs FVIII half-life, we propose an innovative approach to prevent inhibitor formation. In this paper, we describe a multicenter, Phase II, single-arm, 48-week trial, the INHIBIT trial, to determine if Eloctate, begun before a bleed and continued as once weekly prophylaxis, will reduce inhibitor formation in children with hemophilia A. We hypothesize that avoiding ‘danger,’ that is, immune activation by a bleed at first factor exposure and prolonging FVIII half-life will prevent inhibitors and promote FVIII-specific T-cell tolerance. If successful, this approach will suggest a new paradigm in clinical practice.
RELATION OF LITTER SIZE AND OTHER FACTORS TO THE DURATION OF GESTATION IN THE PIG.

Summary. The negative correlation between the number of foetuses and the length of gestation characteristic of most multiparous species is not found in the pig. This observation, reported in previous studies, was confirmed using 1450 records from the Duroc and Hampshire breeds. The gestation period was also unrelated to either the number oflate foetal deaths or to the weight and fatness of the sow but prolonged gestation at first parturition reduced the probability of a second litter. Biggers, Curnow, Finn & McLaren (1963) have pointed out that the duration of gestation varies inversely with the number of foetuses in mice, guinea-pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits and humans. None of the seven studies on ges¬ tation period in pigs, cited by these authors, showed any significant relation¬ ship between the number born and the length of gestation. The purpose of this brief report is to substantiate the existing evidence in the pig and to examine other sources of variation among 1450 gestation periods observed in 693 purebred Duroc and Hampshire sows. The animals were assembled in 1959 to investigate the genetic effects of irradiation. Willham & Cox (1962) have given details on the source of the original animals and the mating plan used in the herd. The length of gestation was recorded as the difference, in days, between the date of mating and the date of farrowing. The distribution of the duration of gestation is given in Table 1. The 1450 pregnancies comprise 750 in Hampshire sows and 700 in Duroc sows. The average gestation period was 113-24 days in the former, and half a day longer in the latter, the difference being highly significant. The variances and covariance of the litter size at birth and the length of gestation were obtained by pooling values calculated within groups of sows of like breed and age that were served by the same boar in the same season. The linear regression coefficient for the regression of the gestation period in days on the number of pigs born in the litter was —0-016±0-020. The correlation was —0-03. Thus, in these data, as in previous studies, no significant relation¬ ship was found between litter size and duration of gestation. Other factors were examined in a similar manner for their possible influence on the length of gestation. The incidence of late foetal death, measured by the
Aromatase inhibitors--a triumph of translational oncology.

Great strides have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage breast cancer, thanks to advances in molecular medicine, interdisciplinary treatment, and rapid electronic communication. Hormonal therapy, the first and most successful targeted therapy for breast cancer, has saved many thousands of lives. Moreover, screening and adjuvant (postoperative) therapy have increased survival among women with breast cancer.1,2 The improvement in survival can be attributed to both adjuvant tamoxifen therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy and has been found in all subgroups of patients regardless of the presence or absence of tumor cells in draining lymph nodes, including women who are .
Ustekinumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis occurs commonly in those with psoriasis and is associated with progressive joint destruction, physical disability, reduced quality of life and increased mortality. For many patients the currently available treatment options including the anti-TNF treatments are inadequate. Recent data suggest that ustekinumab can provide an effective treatment option in these patients. We discuss the role of ustekinumab in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and highlight areas requiring further work.