Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are there general patterns in bark-eating by voles on different shoot types from woody plants?

Preferences by field voles (Microtus agrestis) for various shoot types of Salix myrsinifolia phylicifolia, S. pentandra, Populus tremula, Sorbus aucuparia, Betula pendula and B. pubescens were studied in series of laboratory experiments. Significantly more biomass and buds were taken from shoots collected in the uppermost parts of the Salix shrubs than from shoots from their basal part. A slightly higher palatability was recorded for long-shoots of Populus tremula than for short-shoots, but for Sorbus aucuparia we found no such difference. In general, more biomass was removed from shoots taken from individual trees in the reproductive phase than from non-reproductive trees (Betula pendula, B. pubescens and Sorbus aucuparia). The above results are discussed in relation to current theories on the feeding pattern by herbivores as influenced by plant defences.
Morphotype differentiation in the Great Barrier Reef Halimeda bioherm carbonate factory: Internal architecture and surface geomorphometrics

The calcareous Halimeda bioherms of the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia are the largest actively accumulating Halimeda deposits worldwide. They contribute a substantial component of the Great Barrier Reef neritic carbonate factory, as well as the geomorphological development of Australia's northeast continental shelf. Halimeda bioherm geomorphology is complex, expressing three distinct variations in morphotype patterns: annulate, reticulate and undulate. Similar regular and irregular geomorphological patterning often results from scale‐dependent biophysical feedback mechanisms. Therefore, a better understanding of morphotype differentiation can inform the biotic and abiotic drivers of spatial heterogeneity in the bioherm ecosystem. Here, 3D LiDAR bathymetry is integrated with 2D sub‐bottom profile datasets to investigate surface topography and internal sedimentary architecture of Halimeda bioherms through space and time. Using the ESRI ArcGIS 3D Analyst and Benthic Terrain Modeller extensions, the bioherm surface and subsurface geomorphometric characteristics were quantified for the annulate, reticulate and undulate morphotypes. Significant variation was found between the three bioherm morphotypes in their surface topography, internal structure, volume, slope gradients and terrain complexity. Therefore, their geomorphology is probably influenced by differing processes and biophysical feedback mechanisms. The complex surface topography does not appear to be inherited from the antecedent substrate, and preferred aspect orientations resulting from hydrodynamic forcing appear to be limited. It is suggested here that autogenic dynamics or biotic self‐organization similar to patterns and processes in other marine organo‐sedimentary systems modulates Halimeda bioherm geomorphology, and some hypotheses are offered towards future studies. Morphotype differentiation has implications for the development of the Halimeda bioherm carbonate factory, rates of sediment aggradation and progradation, and variable capacity to fill accommodation space. Self‐organization dynamics and morphology differentiation in Modern bioherm systems could potentially inform palaeo‐environmental interpretations of fossil bioherms and phylloid algal mounds on geological timescales.
IIN VIVO APPLICATION OF FOAM TITANIUM IMPLANTS WITH MAGNESIUM-DOPED OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND HYDROXYAPATITE THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY PLD METHOD

Results of investigations into integration of foam titanium implants (FTI), with rabbit bone are presented. Three groups of implants were examined: clean titanium implants produced by selective laser melting, FTI coated with a thin Þ lm of octacalcium phosphate (OCP), doped with 0.6 weight percent of Mg, deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and FTI with hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with 0.6 wt. % of Mg. Analysis of histopathology of implants’ integration with bone were performed by staining using the triple chromatographic method of Masson Goldner, planimetric analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test, an ANOVA test and microtomography. The best results were obtained for implants coated with HA, followed by those coated with OCP. Implants from these two groups showed superior integration with bone than uncoated titanium implants.
The Methodology for Assessing Information Security Risks for Robotic Systems

—Today, robotic systems are becoming very popular. They are typically used to monitor critical objects. Human lives often depend on the correct operation of a robotic system. Therefore, risk analysis of a robotic information system is an important task. However, to date there is no standard that describes this process. We conducted a study of existing standards for industrial control system and typical information systems. We have identified one common problem. If the risk assessment process is still described in these documents, then the analysis of initial security is not considered at all. This assessment of the initial level of security, the analysis of structural and functional characteristics is a very important task. If we are not completely knowledgeable about our system, then we may not fully assess the risks. Therefore, an attacker can take advantage of this. This article also discusses security incidents related to robotic systems. We concluded that an attacker may not have special means to attack, and at the same time causes substantial damage to the robotic system. Indeed, the main problem in the analysis of robotic systems is the difference of this type of network from the typical computer networks, which in turn requires the creation of new methods and approaches to the analysis of the security of a network of mobile robots.
Remimazolam: Revolutionizing Tiva

Drugs having a short duration of action and early recovery are often the preferred choice for sedation. Propofol fits into this category but it has safety issues such as decrease of blood pressure, respiratory depression, vascular pain and a high susceptibility of the drug to bacterial growth. (1,2) It also lacks a reversal agent. Midazolam has a weaker circulatory suppressive effect than propofol, but it is rarely used for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia because of its longer duration of action (40 min), variable onset and offset of sedative effect. (3, 4, 5). Remimazolam (CNS 7056, C21H19BrN4O2) is a novel benzodiazepine created out of a soft drug development technique known as rational drug designing. It is an ultrashort-acting intravenous sedative-anesthetic currently in Phase III clinical trials as a safe and effective option for procedural sedation. Remimazolam does not produce injection site pain. Its safety of clinical use is further increased by the availability of benzodiazepine antagonist Flumazenil. High extra hepatic clearance also confers little scope for metabolic interactions with other drugs in the liver and its propensity to cause apnea is very low. (6)
INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSTANT CURVATURE KINEMATIC ASSUMPTION OF A 2-DOFS CABLE-DRIVEN CONTINUUM ROBOT

Despite many research attempts, continuum robots modeling has been proven to be complex and challenging. Most of the proposed kinematic contributions and approaches mentioned in literature were only established on the basis of constant curvature kinematic assumption (CCKA). For this reason, the current study aims to investigate the validity of the CCKA for a class of continuum robots called CableDriven Continuum Robot (CDCR) using Matlab and nonlinear dynamic Solidworks software as well as experimental measurements. The CAD model of CDCR was firstly introduced; then, the forward kinematic model was established. Simulations using both software on the CDCR were carried out so that a comparison can take place between the obtained results from simulations and the experimental measurements.
Cryptanalysis of Stream Cipher System Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

The meaning of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) refers to a relatively new family of algorithms that may be used to find optimal (or near optimal) solutions to numerical and qualitative problems. Stream ciphers are an important class of encryption algorithms. Shift register sequences are used in both cryptography and coding theory. There is a wealth of theory about them; stream ciphers based on shift registers have been the workhorse of military cryptography since the beginnings of electronics. This paper aims to implement cryptanalysis attack algorithms on stream cipher systems using plaintext attack (or part from it), choosing one Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR), since its considered as a basic unit of stream cipher systems, in the performance of PSO by solving Linear Equations System (LES) for any number of variables of the output of LFSR . The application divided into two stages, first, constructing LES’s for the LFSR, and the second, is attacking the variables of LES’s which they are also the initial key values the of LFSR.
Bioactive secondary metabolites from the leaves of Secamone africana (Olive.) Bullock

Secamone africana leaves are used in the treatment of malaria and other ailments in Uganda. The aim of the study was to characterize the antiplasmodial compounds from the leaves of Secamone africana. The leaves were extracted sequentially using dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). The crude extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine sensitive Sierraleone I (D6) and chloroquine-resistant Indochina I (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Isolation and purification were done using chromatographic techniques including column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods. The MeOH extract (IC50 = 5.45 μg/mL) was found to be more active than the DCM extract (IC50= 15.93 μg/mL) against the D6 malaria parasite. Chemical investigation of the MeOH extract yielded one new compound; 2-(2,4-dimethyloxetan-2-yl) acetic acid (3) in addition to the six known compounds; α-linolenic acid (1), conduritol B (4), β-sitosterol (5), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (6), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (7) and coumaric acid (8). The DCM extract yielded one known compound: 1-methyl cyclobutene (2). The presence of these compounds with good anti-plasmodial activities and other bioactivities reported in literature, appears to argue for the therapeutic potential of Secamone africana.Keywords: Secamone africana,, anti-plasmodial activity, chromatography, secondary metabolites.
SPECIES INVASION AND SUCCESSION AS COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL ECOSYSTEMS OF KATHIAWAR PENINSULA

Intertidal zone of Kathiawar peninsular coastline shows a great deal of biological diversity in marine ecosystem. The diversity and distribution pattern of the intertidal macrofauna was observed to be changing over last few years. A lot many changes in the macrofaunal diversity were observed in the vertical zones of the intertidal area off this coastline. Interactions between biotic and abiotic factors may be responsible for this temporal and spatial variability in macrofaunal assemblages. Invasion of a cnidarian species Zoanthus and different coral species into the intertidal zone is found to be one of them. The diversity of Zoanthus species were earlier reported to be low along this coastline. The present work reports the expansion and setting up of new signif icantly large colonies of Zoanthus and few hard corals in the intertidal zone of the South Saurashtra Coastline, eradicating the existing algal or faunal species. Apart from that, there are new records of three species of Nudibranchia (Mollusca), three species of echinoderm and seven species of scleractinian corals in this area suggesting species invasion and /or species succession. Thus, the question arises that the changing scenario of intertidal diversity in this area is a clear indication of climate change?
BREEDING SYSTEMS OF EPIPHYTES IN A TROPICAL MONTANE WET FOREST

We determined the breeding systems, in this case the physiological acceptance or rejection of self-produced pollen, of epiphytic species in a tropical montane wet forest in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Controlled pollinations were performed in the field and self-compatibility was determined on the basis of fruit set. All fifteen species, distributed among five families, were found to be self-compatible. This represents the highest incidence of self-compatibility among any life form at any tropical site. It is suggested that aspects of epiphytic existence may favor self-compatibility. Thus, some inbreeding may occur in the epiphytic community, despite the prevalence of highly specialized pollination systems which promote outcrossing.
Food Habits of the Northern Pocket Gopher on Shortgrass Prairie

The food habits of Thomomys talpoides were studied in shortgrass prairie in north central Colorado. The following six plants comprised 88% of the yearly diet: Opuntia polyacantha (49.9% ), Stipa comata (12.1%), Sphaeralcea coccinea (10.3%), Agropyron smithii (10.1%) Bouteloua gracilis (3%), Atriplex canescens (2.5%). The yearly diet consisted of approximately 67% forbs, 30% grasses, and 3% shrubs; approximately 70% of the material eaten was aboveground parts of plants (stems and leaves). Opuntia was by far the most impor- tant food. It was eaten in all seasons, but was utilized most heavily in midwinter, when it comprised 79% of the diet and probably served most importantly as a source of water. In laboratory experiments T. talpoides thrived, using Opuntia as the only source of water. Certain ecological relationships resulting from the dependence on Opuntia by pocket gophers are discussed.
Evaluation of the excess of tuberculosis attributable to HIV/AIDS infection

Propoe-se realizar um exercicio de estimacao do risco atribuivel por cento (RA%) da ocorrencia de casos de tuberculose na vigencia da co-infeccao HIV/AIDS. A seguinte formula e apresentada: RA%= p[m2r (hR-h)] + (1-p)[m3r (hR-h)] / p[m1+m2r (hR+1+h)] + (1-p)[m3r (hR+1-h)] x 100 onde: p = proporcao infectados pelo BK; r = risco de infeccao tuberculosa; h = proporcao de infectados pelo HIV; m1 = coeficiente de morbidade reativacao endogena; m2 = coeficientes de morbidade de reinfeccao exogena; m3 = coeficiente de morbidade tuberculose primaria; R = risco relativo de morbidade entre infectados pelo HIV.
THE COST OF WETLAND CREATION AND RESTORATION

This r epo r t exami n es the eco n omics of wetland c r eation, r esto r atio n , and e n ha n cement p r ojects, especially as they are used withi n the context of mitigatio n fo r un avoidable wetla n d losses. Com p lete e n gi n eering-cost-accou n ti n g pr of i les of ove r 90 wetland p r ojects we r e de v eloped i n collaboration with leading wetland r esto r atio n and c r eation p r actitio n ers aroun d the count r y to develop a p r ima r y sou r ce database. Data o n the costs of ove r 1,000 we t land p r ojects we r e gathe r ed f r om published sou r ces a n d othe r available databases to develop a seconda r y sou r ce database. Cases in both databases we r e ca r efully analyzed a n d a set of baseline cost pe r ac r e estimates we r e developed fo r wetland c r eatio n , r esto r ation , and e n h a ncement. Obse r vations of costs va r ied widely, r a n ging f r om $5 pe r ac r e to $1.5 million pe r ac r e. Diffe r ences i n cost we r e r elated t o the ta r get wetla n d type, and to site-specific and p r oject-specific facto r s that affected the p r eco n structio n , co n st r uction , and post-const r uction tasks neces s a r y
Temperature is not a limiting factor for the expansion of Halophila stipulacea throughout the Mediterranean Sea

: The seagrass Halophila stipulacea is a Lessepsian migrant that has spread from the Red Sea into the Mediterranean Sea where some authors consider it invasive. It has been sug-gested that the range of expansion of the species in the Mediterranean will be limited by the 15°C sea surface isotherm. Here we tested the effects of temperature on survival, photosynthesis, leaf growth and clonal growth of H. stipulacea . We analysed the temporal and spatial variation of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Mediterranean Sea and the species’ spread rate since its introduction to forecast its future expansion and potential changes in the spread rate due to increased SST. We estimated that the species has been spreading throughout the Mediterranean with a variable rate averaging 12 km yr − 1 . Despite being a species native to the tropics, it was able to survive, photosynthesise and grow within a broad range of temperatures (10 to 30°C). At 10°C, a temperature colder than the winter’s lowest isotherm for most of the Mediterranean Sea, the clonal growth ceased but plants did not die and continued to photosynthesise and produce new leaf biomass. The maximum photosynthetic rate peaked at 30°C but the optimal leaf growth rate was within the range of temperatures for temperate seagrass species (11.5 to 26°C). Based on the present spread rate and on the non-limiting effect of temperature, we estimate that in the next 100 yr H. stipulacea will be present throughout the whole Mediterranean Sea (but perhaps not the north Adriatic), potentially spreading into the Atlantic.
An ODE-based modeling of inertial Forward-Backward algorithms

—In this work we are interested in the asymptotic behaviour of the trajectory of solutions of a differential equation, driven by a discrete scheme, which corresponds to a particular inertial Forward-Backward (i-FB) algorithm considered in [2]. The interest of studying this ODE is its connexion with the fast minimization of a convex differentiable function F . More precisely, under some appropriate hypothesis, the convergence rates of the values of the functional F to its minimum and the norm of the velocity of the trajectory-solution are the same order to the ones obtained in [2] of their "discretized versions".
NUSOD 2011 Proceedings

Atomic cluster (TiO2)3 is studied by means of state of the art techniques for structural, electronic and optical properties. We combine molecular dynamics, density functional theory, time dependent density functional theory and many body techniques, to provide a deep and comprehensive characterization of the system. Atomic clusters can be considered the starting seeds for the synthesis of larger nanostructures of technological interest. Also, given the complexity of the material itself, a clear theoretical description of its basic properties provides interesting results both from the solid state physics and chemistry point of view. Keywords-component; ab-initio excited states; atomic clusters
Socialization Tactics: Longitudinal Effects on Newcomer Adjustment

In this longitudinal field study, we used self-report data provided by business school graduates after four months and ten months on new jobs to assess (1) the effects of the six socialization tactics from Van Maanen and Schein's (1979) typology on newcomer adjustment and (2) refinements of existing measures of the investiture tactic and role innovation. Results indicate that the tactics, clustered into an institutionalized (vs. individualized) approach, were negatively related to attempted and actual role innovation, role ambiguity, role conflict, stress symptoms, and intentions to quit and positively related to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational identification. Self-appraised performance was associated with more individualized socialization.
Comparison of the in Situ and Desorption Sediment−Water Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls

In situ sediment−porewater partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured in three cores from Boston Harbor, MA, has led us to suggest that only a fraction of the total measured sediment PAH concentration is available for equilibrium partitioning (AEP fraction). To test this, aqueous PAH concentrations were measured in laboratory desorption experiments using subsamples of the same Boston Harbor sediments. The observed concentrations were consistent with what we predicted from the field-derived AEP values: Caqueous = (Csediment × AEP)/(foc × Koc) where foc is the fraction organic carbon in the sediment and Koc is the organic carbon normalized sediment−water partition coefficient. Equilibrium partitioning models based on the total measured sediment PAH concentrations overestimated the measured aqueous PAH concentrations by as much as 100 times in some cases. Only a small fraction of the sediment phenanthrene and pyrene concentrations (1−40%) appeared to be available for equilibrium partit.
The plant biodiversity and its conservation in the submersion district and the immigration district of the Three-Gorges,China

The investigation and conservation project of plant biodiversity in the submersion district and the immigration district of the Three-Gorges region was carried out,accompanying the ongoing construction of dam.Based on the first-hand specimens collected for last many years and historical records,we found that there were about 1784 higher plant species,belonging to 762 genera,170 families,which accounted for 59.19%,75.30% and 85.85% of total amount of species,genera and families of the Three-Gorges region,including 27 species specific to these two districts.The shrub and grass communities were mostly distributed along the low altitude riparian zone of Yangzi River,largely influenced by dynamic water level of the Three-Gorges reservoir.The measurement of Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness indices on 21 Masson Pine communities distributed in the Three-Gorges reservoir area was carried out,and results showed that the biodiversity of shrub layer was the most higher,the grass layer middle,and the tree layer the lowest.Among the 11 typical shrub communities in this region,the abundance of shrub layers of Form.Rhus chinensis,Form.Cotinus coggygria var.cinerea,Form.Vitex negundo var.cannabifoliaand and Form.Coriaria sinica were relatively higher,which were 16,26,29 and 15,respectively.These four shrubs also showed high biodiversity index(H'),which were 1.791,3.427,2.949 and 1.718,respectively.While among the 9 grasslands mainly distributed along riparian zone,4 grassland communities with higher altitude(Form.Dicranopteris dichotoma,Form.Miscanthus floridutus,Form.Imperata cylindrica var.major and Form.Arthraxon hispidus)showed higher abundance and biodiversity,which were 1.697,1.354,1.144 and 1.018,respectively.Considering the submersion district and the immigration district,there were 22 vegetation types threatened by submersion,including 4 woody plant communities,9 shrub communities and 9 grassland communities.The 6 shrub communities of Form.Securinega wuxiensis,Form.Bauhinia brachycarpa,Form.Geum aleppicum,Form.Distylium chinense,Form.Buxus henryi and Form.Myrsine africana would be fully submerged.and part of Adianthum reniforme var.sinensis and Buxus ichangensis would be submerged.At present,plant species conservation and monitoring stations in the Three-Gorges region have been constructed,and more than 200 plant species have already been transplanted and conserved,including 37 threatened species listed in the China Plant Red Data Book and 11 dominant species of local communities.