Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Web 2.0 Technologies in Project Management: A Proposal of a Benefits Dependency Network

One of the most challenging issues in Project Management is dealing with Lessons Learned, which are present throughout the project. Web 2.0 technologies, e.g. wikis, blogs and social networks, can support the processes of collecting, storing, sharing, applying and reusing Lessons Learned in a project. Using such technologies to manage Lessons Learned evolve changes and technology implementation. Benefits Dependency Network, proposed by the Cranfield School of Management, works backwards from the project's objectives to ensure that all necessary project changes are made, as well as any necessary Information Technology implementation completed. This paper proposes a Benefits Dependency Network (BDN) to support the insertion of Web 2.0 technologies in Project Management focusing on Lessons Learned. Moreover, it also presents examples of measures of each type of benefits, which helps managers to better evaluate the investment.
Non-local Huber Regularization for Image Denoising - A Hybrid Approach of Two Non-local Regularizations

Non-local Huber regularization is proposed for image denoising. This method improves the non-local total variation regularization and the non-local H1 regularization approaches. The non-local total variation regularization preserves edges better than the non-local H1 regularization; however, it leaves a little noise. In contrast, the non-local H1 regularization eliminates noise better than the non-local total variation regularization; however, it blurs edges. To take both advantages of the two methods, the proposed method applies the non-local total variation to large non-local intensity differences and applies the non-local H1 regularization to small non-local intensity differences. A boundary value to determine whether the intensity difference comes from edges or noise is also suggested. The experimental results of the proposed method is compared to the result from the non-local total variation regularization and to the result from the non-local H1 regularization; The effect of the boundary value is illustrated as PSNR changes with respect to the various values of the boundary values.
Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by pH and Temperature Changes and by Formaldehyde

Summary 1) Rates of inactivation of tissue-culture-derived, foot-and-mouth disease virus, type A, strain 119 (FMDV–A119), at various pH levels and temperatures and by formaldehyde were determined. Ranges of pH and temperature investigated were 2.0 through 10.0 and 4°C through 61°C. respectively: formaldehyde was employed at 0.009%. The results are interpretable by first-order kinetics. However, at pH 5 and 6 and also at 55° and 61°C small fractions of the virus population had much lower first-order inactivation rates than the bulk of the virus. Possibilities concerning the nature of the fractions with higher resistance are discussed. 2) Rates of inactivation at various pH levels were determined at 4°C. Below pH 4 the virus was totally destroyed within a few seconds. At pH 5 and 6 infectivity was lost at a rate of about 90% per second and minute, respectively, until only one-millionth of the virus remained. This residual virus was very stable to further inactivation. At pH 6.5 and 10, 90% of the virus was inactivated every 14 hours. The virus showed marked stability only at pH 7 and 7.5. losing little infectivity during a 5-week period. At pH 8 and 9, a 90% reduction of infectivity occurred within a 3- and a 1-week period, respectively. 3) Rates of thermal inactivation were determined at pH 7.5. The time intervals required for the inactivation of 90% of the virus existing at any time were as follows: 18 weeks at 4°; 11 days at 20°; 21 hours at 37°; 7 hours at 43°; 1 hour at 49°; 20 seconds at 55° to a survival of 0.001, 7 minutes thereafter; and 3 seconds at 61°C to a survival of 0.00001, 11 minutes thereafter. Activation energies calculated for loss of infectivity below and above 43°C were 27.200 and 120,600 calories per mole of FMDV. respectively. 4) Virus treated with formaldehyde at a concentration of 0.009% was inactivated at a rate of 90% per day of storage at 4°C.
NUPTIALITY : A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND MARRIAGE PATTERNS AMONG THE ATYAP IN KADUNA STATE

This paper has examined the perceptions of and, the effect of religion on nuptiality patterns and differentials using qualitative and quantitative data from 600 randomly selected women and focus groups and in-depth interviews among the Atyap in Kaduna State. The study indicates that although marriage is universal, the median age at first marriage was 18 years in 1995 compared to 15 years in 2000 and 15.2 years in 2008 as reported for the predominantly Muslim States like Katsina and Kano, and Northwest region respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed an apparent denominational difference in age at first marriage reflecting social characteristics and differences in ways of life between the Protestant and Catholic communities rather than denominational practices concerning marriage itself. The direct and indirect relation between religion and age at first marriage calls for greater attention to studies of this nature if appropriate population policies and strategies are to be drawn for effective implementation.
DENERVATION OF MUSCLE IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS. ROPORT OF A PATIENT WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS FOR 47 YEARS AND HISTOCHEMICAL SIGNS OF DENERVATION.

A patient with symptoms of myasthenia gravis for 47 years was found on biopsy to have large groups of small, angulated muscle fibers. Fenichel and Shy recently observed groups of small muscle fibers in myasthenia gravis and considered this lesion indicative of a denervating process in this disease. 1 In the present case, the diagnosis of denervation was supported by histochemical studies. This case provides additional evidence that advanced signs of denervation may occur in long-standing myasthenia gravis. Report of a Case Clinical History . —A 50-year-old unmarried female (NIH No. 04-69-46), working as a secretary, was admitted to the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness with a chief complaint of drooping eyelids (Fig 1). Her illness began at the age of three years, when ptosis of one eyelid suddenly developed. After several years the ptosis disappeared spontaneously, but the opposite eyelid began to droop. When the patient was 10
Information structure in Mandarin Chinese light verb constructions

Mandarin light verb constructions, which can be categorized into DO and GIVE groups based on the semantic content of the light verb, are generally believed to be associated with information packaging: in the schematised canonical syntactic realisation ̳dui ̳to‘+NP+LV+NP‘, the preposed preverbal undergoer argument has a contrastive focus function. However, a plethora of LVCs retrieved from a Mandarin corpus implies that the construction per se does not necessarily involve a notion of contrast. Moreover, besides the canonical oblique construction, the undergoer argument can be realised postverbally, resulting in the light verb followed by two nominal constituents. Corpus data found that the choice of the two syntactic variants is not at random; rather it is conditioned by the degree of identifiability of the undergoer argument. In light of inheritance relations between related constructions and the grammaticalisation of light verb constructions, a unified syntactic pattern is generalised with regard to the identifiability scale.
Effect of insulin on serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites in men

OBJECTIVE Insulin was found to decrease the concentration of serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA‐sulphate (DHEAS) and recent data suggest that an increase in the metabolic clearance rate of DHEA (MCRDHEA) may be involved. In this study, we have investigated the effects of insulin on DHEA metabolism in men.
Why Children Have Difficulties Mastering the Basic Number Combinations and How to Help Them

By the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Inc. www.nctm. org. All rights reserved. NCTM is not responsible for the accuracy or quality of the translation ____________________________________________________________________ ____ ידוסיה ךוניחב הקיטמתמל יצרא םירומ זכרמ http://mathcenterk6.haifa. ac.il 1 דוסיה תודבועב הטילשב םישקתמ םידלי עודמ םהל רוזעל ןתינ דציכו Why Children Have Difficulties Mastering the Basic Number Combinations and How to Help Them
Women with bipolar disorder: a lifetime challenge from diagnosis to treatment

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a significant mental health problem affecting both male and female individuals. Bipolar I disorder (BD-I) affects men and women in equal proportions, although women are over-represented among bipolar II disorder (BDII) and rapid cycling subtypes (1–3). Studies have noted a difference in the clinical course of BD between the genders (3, 4). In addition, women with BD have added vulnerability to affective instability during main reproductive milestones, i.e., puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the menopause (5–7). This special issue of Bipolar Disorders reflects current works in the description of sex-specific phenomenology and sex differences in its treatment. Contributing authors are part of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Women’s Health Task Force (ISBD-WHTF) that was established in 2008. The primary mission of the ISBD-WHTF was to increase awareness of the sex-related aspects of the clinical course and treatment of BD, and to highlight the unmet needs from a bio-psycho-social perspective in a broad sense, ultimately improving quality of care for patients with BD. A unique feature of this thematic issue is its composition; some topics are covered by a review, and a corresponding original report each being contributed by two independent groups. There are nine papers in total, three of which are original research papers, five of which are reviews, and one of which is a case report with a mini review.
What Can Be Learned from the Types of Community Benefit Programs that Hospitals Already Have in Place?

After implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) how will tax-exempt hospitals adjust their community benefit programs to maintain their non-profit status? This literature review categorized existing hospital-based community benefit programs by reviewing published articles that met the following inclusion criteria: affiliated or funded by a hospital; described the program design; focused on community benefit or outreach; evaluated program outcomes; located within the United States. Of 4,917 original citations, we reviewed 265 full-text articles. One hundred and six (106) programs met all inclusion criteria and were used to develop a hospital-based community benefit program taxonomy. Results indicate that programs to enhance patient care, clinic-based programs and programs with a community partner make up the majority of community benefit programs (25%, 28% and 31%, respectively). Few programs were rigorously evaluated or provide evidence of program impact. Hospitals should work with public health professionals to design, implement, and evaluate their community benefit programs.
Statins revert doxorubicin resistance via nitric oxide in malignant mesothelioma

Human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) is resistant to many anticancer drugs, including doxorubicin. Mevastatin and simvastatin, 2 inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, potentiated the intracellular accumulation and the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in HMM cells constitutively expressing P‐glycoprotein and multidrug resistance‐associated protein 3. This effect of statins was nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent, since it was reverted by either an NO synthase inhibitor or an NO scavenging system. The NO synthase up‐regulation in HMM and other cells is known to be associated with the activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB: in HMM cells statins increased the NF‐κB translocation into the nucleus, decreased the level of the NF‐κB inhibitor IkBα and increased the phosphorylation/activation of IkB kinase α (IKKα). IKKα is under the negative control exerted by RhoA in its prenylated (active) form: incubation of HMM cells with statins lowered the amount of active RhoA and the level of Rho‐associated kinase activity. All statins' effects were reverted by mevalonic acid, thus suggesting that they were mediated by the inhibition of HMGCoA reductase and were likely to be subsequent to the reduced availability of precursor molecules for RhoA prenylation. Both the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 and the RhoA inhibitor toxin B (from Clostridium difficile) mimicked the statins' effects, enhancing doxorubicin accumulation, NO synthesis and IKKα phosphorylation and decreasing the amount of IkBα in HMM cells. Simvastatin, Y27632 and toxin B elicited tyrosine nitration in the P‐glycoprotein, thus providing a likely mechanism by which NO reverts the doxorubicin resistance in HMM cells. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic Research — Technology 8 ffect of 2 % Chlorhexidine Gel Mixed with Calcium ydroxide as an Intracanal Medication on Sealing Abil f Permanent Root Canal Filling : A 6-month Follow-up

nivers n 2, P bstract he present study was conducted to determine the nfluence of 2 intracanal medicaments (calcium hyroxide, chlorhexidine gel 2%) when used either lone or combined on the shortand long-term sealng ability of permanent root canal fillings. Ninety uman upper central incisors were divided into 4 xperimental groups (n 20). All root canals were nstrumented in a step-back motion and then treated s follows: group I, root canal dressing with calcium ydroxide for 2 weeks and then obturation with aterally compacted gutta-percha and AH26 sealer; roup II, chlorhexidine gel 2% for 2 weeks and bturation as in group I; group III, dressing with a ew paste made by mixing calcium hydroxide plus hlorhexidine gel 2% for 2 weeks and obturation as escribed previously; group IV, immediately obtuated with laterally compacted gutta-percha and H26 sealer. Leakage along root canal fillings was easured using the transport fluid model. Short term easurements were carried out for 3 hours after 24 ours equilibrium establishment. Leakage was meaured again at 6 months after the initial measureent. At 3 hours, no significant differences were ound among the 4 experimental groups. Long-term easurements showed that also at 6 months no ignificant differences were observed between the roup IV and the other 3 experimental groups. Under he conditions of the present study, it could be upported that none of the medications used seemed o affect negatively neither the shortnor the longerm sealing ability of the tested obturation techique. On the basis of these results and because of ts increased antimicrobial action as it is supported in he literature, the new paste made of calcium hyroxide plus chlorhexidine gel 2% can be proposed or use in clinical practice without affecting the sealing bility of root canal obturation. (J Endod 2008;34: 66 – 870)
Random Matrix Theory for Small Cell Networks

In this paper, we present several applications of recent results of large random matrix theory (RMT) to the performance analysis of small cell networks (SCNs). In a nutshell, SCNs are based on the idea of a very dense deployment of low-cost low-power base stations (BSs) that are substantially smaller than existing macro cell equipment. However, a massive network densification causes many new challenges to the optimal system design, such as interference and mobility management, self-organization, security, coverage and performance prediction. We focus especially on the last point and show how RMT can be used to provide tight and tractable approximations of key performance parameters, such as capacity and outage probability, and demonstrate how it can be applied to related optimization problems. Although the results are only tight in the large system limit, they yield close approximations for small systems with as little as three transmitters and receivers. Thus, we believe that RMT offers many yet unexplored applications to the study of SCNs and hope that this paper stimulates further research in this direction.
Successful Factors on E-Government Security Social-Technical Aspect

This study explored and identified success social-technical factors related to the information security effectiveness in organizations. It explored these factors based on literature view, and documents, the study based on the Socio-Technical approach (STA) and the Security by Consensus (SBC) model. Quantitative analysis of the organizations’ employees’ experiences were analyzed and discussed to validate the questionnaire. The aim of this paper is to propose conceptual framework for understanding, clarification and investigation of the socio-technical factors involved in improving egovernment security effectiveness in developing countries.
Disruption foreclosed: older women's cancer narratives

A challenge has emerged to Bury's (1982) conceptualization of chronic illness as biographical disruption. The idea that certain life circumstances — notably older age or the presence of significant health and social problems — render the experience of chronic illness biographically `continuous' or `reinforcing' has gained currency in the social study of chronic illness. This article draws from a qualitative study with women diagnosed with cancer in their 70s or 80s. Respondents' narratives suggest that a long life, especially a life characterized by struggle, does provide a context for the assessment of cancer as non-disruptive. However, the study offers evidence that a long life characterized by sufficiency may also be associated with an assessment of cancer as non-disruptive, and that older age and hardship sometimes render chronic illness especially problematic. Centrally, the article examines respondents' oft-cited commitment to avoid `dwelling' on illness, highlighting how broad cultural and moral discourses, patterns of social interaction and structures of power combine to foreclose older women's accounts of disruption.
On the optimum processing gain for a hybrid DS/FFH‐CDMA cellular system over Rayleigh fading channels

The optimization between the processing gain and the theoretically achievable average channel capacity per user (in the Shannon sense) of a constant total system's allocated bandwidth hybrid direct sequence/fast frequency hopping code‐division multiple‐access (DS/FFH‐CDMA) cellular system, when operating in a Rayleigh fading environment, is presented. Then, the spectral efficiency, expressed in (bits/s/Hz), is estimated in terms of the achievable average channel capacity per user, during the operation over a broadcast cellular time‐varying link, and leads to a simple theoretical novel‐closed‐form expression for the optimal processing gain value based on the maximization of the achieved spectral efficiency. The final expression derived can be useful for the practical design of a DS/FFH‐CDMA cellular system and for an initial quantitative analysis since it relates to the optimal processing gain applied and all system's parameters. Finally, numerical results are presented to illustrate and prove the validity of the presented analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Effect of flavonoids from hedysari radix on pulmonary functions of pulmonary fibrosis rat].

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of flavonoids from Hedysari Radix on pulmonary functions of pulmonary fibrosis rat and its mechanism. METHODS 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: blank control group, model group, prednisone group, Hedysari Radix flavonoids low, medium and high dosage group. The rat model was established by propelling bleomycin into bronchial tree through endotracheal intubation with laryngoscope. The pulmonary fanctions were measured. RESULTS Hedysari Radix flavonoids could normalize the pulmonary functions of rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION Hedysari Radix flavonoids can inhibit the process of pulmonary fibrosis.
The structure and expression of a hybrid homeotic gene

We describe the structure and expression of an exceptional bithorax complex mutation, C1. This deletion mutation removes major portions of both the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and abdominal‐A (abd‐A) protein coding regions, yet retains many of the functions normally executed by these genes. We show that the ends of the C1 deletion map to analogous positions within the Ubx and abd‐A transcription units, and that the deletion chromosome gives rise to a set of novel fusion transcripts that may encode hybrid abd‐A/Ubx proteins. These fusion products are transcribed from the abd‐A promoter, but exhibit a novel spatial pattern of expression that combines aspects of the normal Ubx and abd‐A distributions. This pattern provides evidence for the existence of regulatory elements located in the 3′ region of the Ubx transcription unit that can act on the abd‐A promoter at a distance of at least 20 kb.
Role of vitamin D in skeletal muscle function.

I. Introduction VITAMIN D plays an essential role in vertebrates. In concert with the two peptide hormones PTH and calcitonin, vitamin D mediates calcium and phosphorus metabolism at target tissues, including intestine, bone, and kidney. The sterol must be metabolically activated before exerting its action. Vitamin D derived from the diet or generated in the skin by photometabolism of 7-dehydrocholesterol or ergosterol undergoes 25-hydroxylation in the liver. In the kidney, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is further metabolized to lα,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH2)D]. The most biologically active form of vitamin D is 1,25-(OH)2D. 1,25-(OH)2D functions in a classical endocrine fashion. Its production in the kidney is under a complex regulatory system so that more of the metabolite is available when demand for calcium is high. Moreover, there is substantial evidence which indicates that, analogous to classic steroid hormones, 1,25-(OH)2D elicits its biological respo.
The detectability half‐life in arthropod predator–prey research: what it is, why we need it, how to measure it, and how to use it

Molecular gut‐content analysis enables detection of arthropod predation with minimal disruption of ecosystem processes. Most assays produce only qualitative results, with each predator testing either positive or negative for target prey remains. Nevertheless, they have yielded important insights into community processes. For example, they have confirmed the long‐hypothesized role of generalist predators in retarding early‐season build‐up of pest populations prior to the arrival of more specialized predators and parasitoids and documented the ubiquity of secondary and intraguild predation. However, raw qualitative gut‐content data cannot be used to assess the relative impact of different predator taxa on prey population dynamics: they must first be weighted by the relative detectability periods for molecular prey remains for each predator–prey combination. If this is not carried out, interpretations of predator impact will be biased towards those with the longest detectabilities. We review the challenges in determining detectability half‐lives, including unstated assumptions that have often been ignored in the performance of feeding trials. We also show how detectability half‐lives can be used to properly weight assay data to rank predators by their importance in prey population suppression, and how sets of half‐lives can be used to test hypotheses concerning predator ecology and physiology. We use data from 32 publications, comprising 97 half‐lives, to generate and test hypotheses on taxonomic differences in detectability half‐lives and discuss the possible role of the detectability half‐life in interpreting qPCR and next‐generation sequencing data.