Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nickel and Cobalt Phytoextraction by the Hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii: Implications for Polymetallic Phytomining and Phytoremediation

We investigated the potential of the South African high-biomass Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii to phytoextract Co and/or Ni from artificial metalliferous media. Plant accumulation of both metals from single-element substrates indicate that the plant/media metal concentration quotient (bioaccumulation coefficient) increases as total metal concentrations increase. Cobalt was readily taken up by B. coddii with and without the presence of Ni. Nickel uptake was, however, inhibited by the presence of an equal concentration of Co. Bioaccumulation coefficients of Ni and Co for the single element substrates (total metal concentration of 1000 μg g−1) were 100 and 50, respectively. Cobalt phytotoxicity was observed above a total Co concentration in plant growth media of 20 μg g−1. Elevated Co concentrations significantly decreased the biomass production of B. coddii without affecting the bioaccumulation coefficients. The mixed Ni–Co substrate produced bioaccumulation coefficients of 22 for both Ni and Co. Cobalt phytotoxicity in mixed Ni–Co substrate occurred above a total Co concentration of 15 μg g−1. When grown in the presence of both Ni and Co, the bioaccumulation coefficients of each metal were reduced, as compared to single-element substrate. This may indicate competition for binding sites in the root zone. The interference relationship between Ni and Co uptake demonstrated by B. coddii suggests a significant limitation to phytoextraction where both metals are present.
Third-Party Financing and Litigation Expenditures

Over the last years, third-party financing (TPF) of litigation has received considerable attention from both legal commentators and economists. Legal commentators have mainly examined whether third-party litigation financing agreements violate the common law doctrines of maintenance and champerty. Economists have investigated whether allowing third parties to finance litigation will result in the filing of more lawsuits, encourage the filing of frivolous claims, discourage settlement, remedy the imbalance of power that favours defendants in settlement negotiations, whether class actions magnify the potential effects, 7 etc. One aspect which has been largely overlooked however is how third-party financing may affect the litigation expenditures in individual cases. It is often claimed that third-party financing increases total litigation costs, but this is largely based on the expectation that TPF increases the volume of litigation, rather than the costs of individual cases. An examination of this issue is warranted given that third-party financing influences several elements which have an impact on the parties’ litigation efforts and thus on the social costs of litigation. One prominent effect is the relaxation of budget constraints. In this article, we use rent-seeking theory to examine how the relaxation of budget constraints influences the litigation expenditures of the parties.
Renal α‐adrenergic receptor alterations: a cause of essential hypertension?

Based on a review of literature in various fields of research related to hypertension, we develop a new working hypothesis on the pathophysiology of genetically determined increases in blood pressure. According to our hypothesis, the primary defect is located in the kidneys. Renal α‐adrenergic receptor density is increased in the early stages of the disease, before increases in blood pressure occur. Most renal α‐adrenergic receptors are located in the proximal tubules and enhance Na+ reabsorption. A genetically determined increase of α1− or α2− or of both α‐adrenergic receptor subtypes would impair Na+ excretion and, together with increased Na+ intake, would lead to positive Na+ balance. Subsequently, various mechanisms would be activated to restore a neutral Na+ balance, including the secretion of a natriuretic factor that inhibits Na+/K+‐ATPase. Inhibition of Na+/K+‐ATPase in extrarenal tissues would increase the intracellular concentration of Na+ and, via Na+/Ca2+ exchange, of Ca2+. Elevated intracellular Ca2+ would enhance vascular smooth muscle contractility and neuronal transmitter release, thereby leading to vasoconstriction and to increases in blood pressure. We thus hypothesize that hypertension is a homeostatic response designed to protect blood volume from a genetically determined renal α‐adrenergic receptor‐mediated increase in Na+ retention. — Michel, M. C. ; Insel, P. A. ; Brodde, O‐E. Renal α‐adrenergic receptor alterations: a cause of essential hypertension? FASEB J. 3: 139‐144; 1989.
Correlates of college student binge drinking.

OBJECTIVES This study examines the individual correlates of college student binge drinking. METHODS Questionnaires were completed by a representative national sample (n = 17,592) of students on 140 campuses in 1993. Binge drinking was defined as five or more drinks per episode for men and as four or more drinks per episode for women. RESULTS Overall, 44% of the students (50% of the men and 39% of the women) binged. While demographic factors such as sex and race were significantly related to binge drinking, prior binging in high school was crucial, suggesting that for many students, binge drinking begins before college. The strongest predictors of college binge drinking were residence in a fraternity or sorority, adoption of a party-centered life-style, and engagement in other risky behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Interventions must be targeted at high school binge drinking as well as at several characteristics of college life--most notably fraternity residence. Legal drinking age fails to predict binge drinking, raising questions about the effectiveness of the legal minimum drinking age of 21 in college alcohol policies.
Challenges Involved in Implementation of ERP on Demand Solution:: Cloud Computing

As the world is beginning towards the cloud where speed and scalability are critical; and the many software is taking over to one another even more intrinsic role in this period the Cloud ERP would play the vital role in organization specially in SME (i.e. Small Medium Enterprises). Organizations are increasingly seeking realizable benefits from their IT asset based investments. Due to this, a new deployment model of ERP Software has emerged in the Industry i.e. ERP on SaaS Model. Cloud computing is a set of services that provide infrastructure resources using internet media and data storage on a third party server (i.e. Datacenters). SMEs are said to be the lifeblood of any vibrant economy. They are known to be the silent drivers of a nation‟s economy. SMEs of India are one of the most aggressive adopters of ERP Packages. Most of the SMEs have adopted the traditional ERP Systems and have incurred a heavy cost while implementing these systems. This paper presents what are the challenges while implementing the ERP cloud on demand solution in an organization.
Prescription and over-the-counter drug and substance abuse: something available for every age, anytime and anywhere: update for the clinical nurse specialist.

I oversee the health of secondary school students in a large Midwestern school district. Increasingly, we are seeing 9th and 10th graders abusing nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs). One student was found with multiple NRT patches, and a 10th grader was found to be consuming the 24-hour dose NRT gum during school hours. Neither student smokes. However, they report they feel ‘‘better able to think’’ onNRT. Both students on assessment had significant elevation in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as nausea and anxiety. Neither student seemed concerned about adverse effects or aware of the risks of using NRT. As a result, we have added NRT to our list of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for which we provide student education. We are also seeing a rise in cough syrup abuse. In fact, the list for abuse screening is growing. What is the state of prescription and OTC-drug abuse in the United States at this time?
Evaluation of the woman with postmenopausal bleeding: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound‐Sponsored Consensus Conference statement.

A panel of 14 physicians practicing medicine in the United States with expertise in radiology, obstetrics and gynecology, gynecologic oncology, hysteroscopy, epidemiology, and pathology was convened by the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound to discuss the role of sonography in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Broad objectives of this conference were (1) to advance understanding of the utility of different diagnostic techniques for evaluating the endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding; (2) to formulate useful and practical guidelines for evaluation of women with postmenopausal bleeding, specifically as it relates to the use of sonography; and (3) to offer suggestions for future research projects.
Information quality, homophily, and risk propensity: Consumer responses to online hotel reviews

Searching through online review sites becomes an alternative for consumers to obtain product information. The efficiency and effectiveness in finding quality information on the online review sites contributes to the popularity of online review sites among consumers at the moment. There are some previous studies discussing consumer trust on hotels being reviewed on online review sites, but the roles of information quality, homophily, and consumer risk propensity as antecedents of trust and online purchase intention are still questionable. The purpose of this study is to investigate how information quality, homophily, and consumer risk propensity affect consumer trust on hotels being reviewed on online review sites and on intention to make a reservation. A survey involving 430 young travelers from 16 countries was conducted in popular tourist destination. Results confirm that information quality influences consumers’ trust on hotel being reviewed and intention to make reservation. Moreover, consumer online trust is also found to affect intention to make reservation.
Heuristics for a Multi-Product Maritime Inventory Routing Problem with Varying Consumption Rates

Increase globalisation contributes to the continuing growth in maritime transportation and its high potential for development by optimising fleet utilisation. We consider the multi-product maritime inventory routing problem with varying consumption rates. The objective is to minimize total route, discharge and inventory surplus costs. Despite there being a formulation solving the same problem, it would seem intuitively simple to design heuristics to approximately solve the problem, however it is not. We propose three multi-stage heuristics, which we formulated as a series of mixed integer programming subproblems. The heuristics were implemented, solved using Xpress-MP’s embedded branch and bound search with data sets derived from a real industrial application, and their performances compared. The computational results suggest many advantages and disadvantages however each heuristic’s unique formulation can be beneficial for certain problem scenarios. keywords : inventory routing, maritime routing, maritime scheduling, multiple products, heuristics, multi-stage mixed integer program Chapter
The JPIM Thought Leadership Symposium

As part of the PDMA-UIC Doctoral Consortium, one full day (Friday, July 15, 2011) was devoted to the JPIM Thought Leadership Symposium, sponsored by JPIM and supported by the University of Illinois at Chicago. As JPIM Editor, I had the honor of serving as the chair of the symposium. The goal of the symposium was to identify critical areas for product innovation and development research, with the intention of assembling a list of about 10 key research topics of both theoretical importance and practical significance that will guide academics' efforts to the greatest knowledge needs in the innovation field. Briefly, the day was divided into two parts. In the morning, nine thought leaders from both the academic and practitioner worlds presented their critical views on the most pressing research needs from their particular vantage points. After lunch, we facilitated a creativity session in which faculty, doctoral students, and industry representatives entered into constructive discourse and worked jointly to generate, develop, and prioritize research ideas. The results were tabulated and a set of high-potential research priorities, guided by the twin streams of theory advancement and managerial usefulness, was compiled. This short paper describes the symposium in detail, then presents a research agenda based on the day’s results.
Social Housing Provision in Copenhagen

The paper provides an overview of trends and processes of change affecting new social housing provision in Denmark with a focus on Copenhagen. The local responses are reviewed within the context of changes to the unitary national housing system that functions with a robust range of private and non-profit housing providers, and a wide range of fiscal and regulatory instruments enhancing the competitive performance of the social housing sector. The research analyses recent housing policy measures and their impact on new social housing provision in Copenhagen. The emphasis is on the mix of housing policy instruments implemented in three major policy domains-fiscal, financial and regulatory-to promote the production of new social housing. The system of new social housing provision is examined as a dynamic process of interaction between public and private institutions defining housing policy outcomes. The outcomes are evaluated through a series of indicators related to housing quality; stability of investment and production; differentiation of rents; affordability and choice. The research also identifies development strategies for new social housing provision developed by housing associations in the context of mixed tenure, urban regeneration projects.
Study of the Characteristics of End-to-End Delay

We study packet delay distribution under different types of traffic being carried in the network and different network load in this paper. It is generally believed that network delay is mostly affected by two factors: network load and types of traffic being carried. So, in this paper, we try to characterize how delay can be affected by these two factors.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN, KEBIJAKAN LEVERAGE DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN (PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PADA TAHUN 2009-2013)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan dividen, kebijakan leverage dan profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan asumsi klasik yaitu uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heterokedastisitas dan uji autokorelasi sebagai persyaratan statistik yang harus dipenuhi pada analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Dividend Payout Ratio, Leverage (Debt Ratio) dan Return On Equity mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan (PBV). Sedangkan Return On Assets mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan (PBV). Dengan besarnya Adjusted R² = 0,797 yang berarti bahwa bahwa variasi perubahan variabel-variabel independen terhadap nilai perusahaan yang diukur dengan Price Book Value (PBV) sebesar 79,7 % dan sisanya sebesar 20,3% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar model regresi pada penelitian ini.
Using the Domain Name System to Thwart Automated Client-Based Attacks

On the Internet, attackers can compromise systems owned by other people and then use these systems to launch attacks automatically. When attacks such as phishing or SQL injections are successful, they can have negative consequences including server downtime and the loss of sensitive information. Current methods to prevent such attacks are limited in that they are application-specific, or fail to block attackers. Phishing attempts can be stopped with email filters, but if the attacker manages to successfully bypass these filters, then the user must determine if the email is legitimate or not. Unfortunately, they often are unable to do so. Since attackers have a low success rate, they attempt to compensate for it in volume. In order to have this high throughput, attackers take shortcuts and break protocols. We use this knowledge to address these issues by implementing a system that can detect malicious activity and use it to block attacks. If the client fails to follow proper procedure, they can be classified as an attacker. Once an attacker has been discovered, they will be isolated and monitored. This can be accomplished using existing software in Ubuntu Linux applications, along with our custom wrapper application. After running the system andmore » seeing its performance on three popular Web browsers Chromium, Firefox and Internet Explorer as well as two popular email clients, Thunderbird and Evolution, we found that not only is this system conceivable, it is effective and has low overhead. « less
Influence of Dominance Impression in Clientele Attitude to Use Marketing Schedule Based on R.F.I.D Due to Achieve a Constant Management in Marketing

Identification system by using radio waves “R.F. I.D” is an identification system that can exchange data by communicating between a tag which is connected to a card, stuff, object or etc. and a reader. R.F. I.D system use electronic signals and magnetic signals for reading and writing data without connecting. Most of sellers are using this system for their marketing now. We tried to check out that if different countries (Iran and all over the world) could accept R.F. I.D in their life or not. By increasing dominance level of R.F. I.D marketing system, the level of dominance impression increases in consumers that can be affected on their attitude about R.F. I.D marketing system. The study shows that based on R.F. I.D don’t make more dominance impression than regular loyalty program barcode. Also there is a penetration threshold that with effect on consumer’s tendency about contribution to R.F. I.D loyalty program.
Losing the Links Between Livestock and Land

Global meat production is becoming increasingly industrialized, spatially concentrated, and geographically detached from the agricultural land base. This Policy Forum reviews the process of livestock industrialization and globalization, and its consequences for water, nitrogen, and species-rich habitats in meat- and feed-producing regions often vastly separated in space. It argues that pricing and other policy mechanisms which reflect social costs of resource use and ecological change are needed to re-couple livestock and land in producer countries, drawing on examples from Europe and the United States. It also argues that consumers can play an important role in setting a sustainable course.
AVANTI 2. Randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zidovudine plus lamivudine versus zidovudine plus lamivudine plus indinavir in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on plasma HIV-1 RNA as measured by HIV RNA PCR and to assess their safety and tolerability. DesignA randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SettingMulticentre study in eight European countries, Australia and Canada. PatientsAntiretroviral naive patients (n = 103) with CD4 cell counts between 150 and 500 × 106/l. InterventionPatients were randomly assigned to zidovudine (ZDV; 200 mg three times per day) plus lamivudine (3TC; 150 mg twice per day) or to ZDV + 3TC + indinavir (IND; 800 mg q8h) for 52 weeks. Main outcome measuresDegree and duration of reduction of plasma HIV-1 RNA as measured by RNA PCR; Development of drug-related toxicities sufficiently severe to warrant dose modification, interruption or permanent discontinuation. ResultsZDV + 3TC + IND reduced plasma HIV-1 RNA (P < 0.001) and increased CD4 cell count significantly (P = 0.01) more than ZDV + 3TC. The addition of IND to ZDV + 3TC as initial therapy markedly increased the proportion of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA values < 500 copies/ml (31/52, 60%) or 20 copies/ml (24/52, 46%) as compared with ZDV + 3TC (9/50, 18% or 2/50, 4% respectively) at week 52 in an intention-to-treat, missing = failure analysis. Assessment of time to virological rebound (> 0.5 log10 copies/ml above nadir) showed that patients who attained a minimum plasma HIV-1 RNA of ⩽ 20 copies/ml were less likely to rebound than those who did not reach this threshold. The addition of IND to ZDV + 3TC did not result in any significant increase in adverse experiences. ConclusionZDV + 3TC + IND resulted in a considerable improvement compared with the double combination, in reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA, increase in CD4 cell count and proportion of patients with HIV RNA below the limit of detection. Despite an average 3 log10 decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA on triple therapy, however, maximal suppression (⩽ 20 copies/ml) was only attained in about one-half of the patients in an intent-to-treat analysis.
Effect of perceived brand origin associations on consumer perceptions of quality

Reviews recent work in the country of origin and brand name literatures regarding the formation of perceptions regarding perceived brand origin. Based on this review, presents six hypotheses concerning such perceptions, including their effect on consumers’ ratings of quality. Using real brands in two experiments, finds support for several of our hypotheses relating to the effects of country of component source, country of manufacture, and country of corporate ownership. In particular, finds that country of manufacture had no effect on product quality evaluations when country of corporate ownership was also present.
A Convex Framework for High Resolution 3D Reconstruction

We present a convex framework to acquire high resolution surfaces. It is typical to couple a structure-light setup and a photometric method to reconstruct a high resolution 3D surface. Previous methods often get stuck in a local minima for the appearance of occasional outliers. To address this issue, we develop a convex variational model by incorporating a total variation (TV) regularization term with a data term to generate the surface. Through relaxing the model to an equivalent high dimensional variational problem, we obtain a global minimizer of the proposed problem. Results on both synthetic and real-world data show an excellent performance by utilizing our convex variational model.
Die Kapitalmarktfähigkeit von Familienunternehmen - Unternehmensfinanzierung über Schuldschein, Anleihe und Börsengang (Capital Market Financing of Family Firms)

The paper analyzes debt and equity capital market instruments with respect to their suitability for family firms. It highlights and evaluates different aspects in the decision process of family firms regarding the use of capital market financing. The results are based on a qualitative analysis of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with capital market experts as well as representatives of family firms. We find that the owner family takes or at least strongly influences the final decision regarding the firm’s financing structure. Still, the CFO’s expert knowledge and his experience with previous capital market transactions have a positive effect on the use of public debt and equity capital market instruments. The results show that family firms decide to go public in order to finance growth, to convert shares into cash or to increase public awareness of the company. The reasons for the use of public debt instruments include growth financing, diversification of sources of capital and reduction of dependency on bank loans as well as increase of long-term financial stability and raise of capital for liquidity purposes.