Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Osteoporosis and Its Complication on Adults Female Albino Rats

This study was conducted to show whether hormonal replacement treatment would offer ameliorating effects against abnormal alterations associated with osteoporosis in female albino rats. Two experiments were carried out, in the first experiment, the rats were randomly divided into two main groups. The first group, were let without surgery and served as control while, the second group were obeyed to bilateral ovariectomy surgery to induce osteoporosis; after 4 weeks induced acute hormonal disturbance indicated by decreased estradiols and progesterone levels. While, the level of follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were increase in osteoporosis female rats regarding to levels in normal control female rats. In the second experiment, a remarkable correction was occurred in the levels of follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by gradually decreased after 90 days of treatment. While, a considerable amelioration effect was occurred in the estradiols level by gradually increasing of levels with the time and treatment with estrogen replacement. These corrections were dependent on the time of treatment (30, 60 and 90 days). According to the pre-mentioned results, it is importance to concluding that the treatment with estradiol replacement ameliorates chance of recovery from hazardous effects of osteoporoses. The obtained data were discussed according to available obtained researches.
Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a case-control study in France, with special focus on infectious factors.

A case-control study was conducted in 1988 in seven Paris area maternity hospitals to evaluate the role of several risk factors, particularly infectious factors, in ectopic pregnancy. A total of 279 cases and 279 controls were compared for sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, sexual, reproductive and surgical histories, and conditions of conception. Pelvic inflammatory disease confirmed by celioscopy (odds ratio (OR) = 5.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-13.9) and Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.3-6.7) appeared to be important risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. Other risk factors found to be associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy were dose-related cigarette smoking at the time of conception (ORs 1.3 to 2.5), appendectomy (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5), prior tubal surgery (OR = 5.1, 95% CI 1.7-15.4), induced conception cycle (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.3), and prior ectopic pregnancy (OR = 13.3, 95% CI 4.5-39.2). However, some of the latter risk factors, i.e., prior tubal surgery, prior ectopic pregnancy, and perhaps appendectomy, may be considered to be the results of pelvic inflammatory disease and sexually transmitted diseases. Maternal age, parity, prior induced abortion, and prior spontaneous abortion were not associated with ectopic pregnancy. Use of intrauterine device, progestagen micropill, and also combined estroprogestative pill at the time of conception were associated with a better prevention of intrauterine pregnancy than of ectopic pregnancy. These findings confirm the importance of several previously reported risk factors of ectopic pregnancy: sexually transmitted diseases, cigarette smoking, and prior ectopic pregnancy. They also identified new risk factors, appendectomy and induced conception cycle, and revealed that the combined estroprogestative pill does not prevent ectopic pregnancy as effectively as it does intrauterine pregnancy.
A feature based approach to face recognition

A feature-based approach to face recognition in which the features are derived from the intensity data without assuming any knowledge of the face structure is presented. The feature extraction model is biologically motivated, and the locations of the features often correspond to salient facial features such as the eyes, nose, etc. Topological graphs are used to represent relations between features, and a simple deterministic graph-matching scheme that exploits the basic structure is used to recognize familiar faces from a database. Each of the stages in the system can be fully implemented in parallel to achieve real-time recognition. Experimental results for a 128*128 image with very little noise are evaluated. <<ETX>>
Design and simulation of cost effective wireless EEG acquisition system for patient monitoring

The motive of this paper is to design a low cost wireless EEG acquisition system for easily monitoring of the patient. Using local effort and low price employment, this system can be built which includes data acquisition, data transmission, and receiving unit which contains the patient monitoring site. The developed wireless EEG system is also suitable for the applications such as remote control of devices, rescue, etc. Realtime decoding and mobile EEG signal processing with high information transfer rate (ITR) are incorporated in the system. The specialty of the proposed research is inclusion of forth order Butterworth low pass filter which has better stability and sharper cut off with reasonable cost. Using this techniques hardware implementation is possible and GSM system can be added with hardware for long distance wireless transmission of EEG signal. The system performance is simulated by some simulation software. The proposed system is reliable, and cost is about 950 BDT or 12 USD which is reasonable.
Selective chromosome amplification in Vibrio cholerae

Most bacteria have one chromosome but some have more than one, as is common in eukaryotes. How multiple chromosomes are maintained in bacteria remains largely obscure. Here we have examined the behaviour of the two Vibrio cholerae chromosomes as a function of growth rate. At slow growth rates, both chromosomes were maintained at copy numbers of one to two per cell. Increasing the growth rate by nutritional shift‐up amplified the origin‐proximal DNA of the larger chromosome (chrI) to four copies per cell, but not that of the smaller chrII. The latter was amplified when its specific initiator was supplied in excess or a specific negative regulator was deleted. The growth rate‐insensitive behaviour of chrII, whose origin is similar to origins of members of a major class of plasmids, was shared by some but not all of several representative plasmids tested in V. cholerae. Also, unlike plasmid replication, chrII replication is known to be initiated at a specific stage of the cell cycle. Raising chrII copy number decreased growth rate, suggesting that this chromosome might serve as a repository for necessary but potentially deleterious genes.
Power design challenges in deep-submicron technology

Power-efficient designs are becoming of increasing importance in the deep-submicron regime. Over the past decade, the reduction of dynamic power was the main focus in the design of power-efficient integrated circuits. However, as technology scales down, subthreshold and gate oxide leakage currents can no longer be neglected, arid must be taken into account in any design. Furthermore, the delivery of power to CMOS integrated circuits is facing increasing challenges in the deep-submicron regime. This paper investigates the challenges associated with designing power-efficient circuits as well as the delivery of power.
Morphological Typology of Affixes in Riau Malay

The morphological typology in RM is based on the concept of segmentability and invariance as proposed by Van Scklegel. This concept has the purpose to idenify a word or a construction whether it is a morpheme or not. This study is descriptive-qualitative and has two major purposes: (1) to investigate the characteristics of morphological typology in RM and (2) to demonstrate the affixation process. This study was conducted in some selected municipalities and regencies in Riau Province in 2014-2015 and its data was obtained from some RM native speakers as informants through interviews which were recorded on audiotape and video. The results provide some support for determining that RM is an agglutinative language since its segmentability and invariance is easily known and this is in accordance with what Montolalu (2005: 181) said that the characteristics of agglutinative languages is that words can be divided into morphemes without difficulty. In adition, the results also provide some support for the involvement of (i) prefixes {meN-}, {beR-}, {teR-}, {di-}, {peN-}, {se-}, {peR-}, {ke-}, and {bese-}, (ii) infixes {-em-}, {-el-}, and {-er-}, (iii) suffixes {-an}, {-kan}, and {-i}, (iv) confixes {peN-an}, {peR-an}, {ke-an},{ber-an}, and {se-nye}, and (v) affix combination such as {mempeR-(kan, -i)}, {me-kan}, and {di-kan}. Those affixes can be attached to the basic forms, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and numerals. On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that in the process of affixation, words undergo a variety of grammatical and semantic changes and the affixation is derivational and/or inflectional.
A multidimensional tool to quantify treatment resistance in depression: the Maudsley staging method.

OBJECTIVE Treatment resistance is a common clinical phenomenon in depression. However, current unitary models of staging fail to represent its complexity. We aimed to devise a model to stage treatment-resistant depression, taking into account the core factors contributing to treatment failure. METHOD We reviewed the literature to identify factors consistently associated with treatment resistance. We also analyzed data from a subgroup of patients discharged from a specialist inpatient unit for whom adequate data were obtainable. RESULTS We present a points-based staging model incorporating 3 factors: treatment, severity of illness, and duration of presenting episode. In this model, the rating of symptom severity ranges from subsyndromal depression (score 1) to severe syndromal depression with psychosis (score 5). Antidepressant treatment is rated on a 5-point subscale based on number of medications used, while duration of the presenting episode is rated on a 3-point subscale. The overall level of resistance estimated using this model varies from minimal resistance (score of 3) to severe resistance (score of 15). The rating system allows the overall severity of treatment resistance to be summarized either as a single numeric score or under a single descriptive category. It may also be possible to specify categories (mild, moderate, and severe) based on severity of resistance. Analysis of inpatient data indicates that the factors incorporated in the model and the model itself have some predictive validity. CONCLUSION This staging model has reasonable face and predictive validity and may have better utility in staging treatment resistance than currently available methods.
Cloning and Characterization of an Endoglucanase Gene from Actinomyces sp. Korean Native Goat 40

A gene from Actinomyces sp. Korean native goat (KNG) 40 that encodes an endo-β-1,4-glucanase, EG1, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) DH5α. Recombinant plasmid DNA from a positive clone with a 3.2 kb insert hydrolyzing carboxyl methyl-cellulose (CMC) was designated as pDS3. The entire nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open-reading frame (ORF) was deduced. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 684 amino acids. The recombinant EG1 produced in E. coli DH5α harboring pDS3 was purified in one step using affinity chromatography on crystalline cellulose and characterized. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/zymogram analysis of the purified enzyme revealed two protein bands of 57.1 and 54.1 kDa. The amino terminal sequences of these two bands matched those of the deduced ones, starting from residue 166 and 208, respectively. Putative signal sequences, a Shine–Dalgarno-type ribosomal binding site, and promoter sequences related to the consensus sequences were deduced. EG1 has a typical tripartite structure of cellulase, a catalytic domain, a serine-rich linker region, and a cellulose-binding domain. The optimal temperature for the activity of the purified enzyme was 55°C, but it retained over 90% of maximum activity in a broad temperature range (40°C to 60°C). The optimal pH for the enzyme activity was 6.0. Kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax of rEG1 were 0.39% CMC and 143 U/mg, respectively.
Effects of short term administration of recombinant human growth hormone to elderly people.

We evaluated the effects of recombinant human GH (rhGH) in 16 men and women more than 60 yr of age. After 10 days of dietary equilibration and control collections, subjects were randomly assigned to receive 0.03, 0.06, or 0.12 mg/kg rhGH by daily injection for 7 days. A brisk rise in circulating somatomedin-C (insulin-like growth factor-I) occurred in all subjects, and this rise was dose dependent. rhGH produced striking changes in nitrogen retention, sodium excretion, and the parathyroid-vitamin D axis. Twenty-four-hour urinary nitrogen excretion decreased from 8.00 +/- 0.33 to 5.01 +/- 0.33 g (P less than 0.001), and sodium excretion decreased from 45.9 +/- 2.96 to 21.2 +/- 3.48 mmol/day (P less than 0.001). Serum calcium concentrations did not change, but serum inorganic phosphorus levels of 1.08 +/- 0.04 mmol/L at baseline increased significantly after rhGH treatment to 1.33 +/- 0.04 mmol/L (P less than 0.001). Increases were also observed in circulating PTH (53.2 +/- 6 vs. 39.5 +/- 4.2 ng/L; P less than 0.01) and calcitriol (82.8 vs. 65.8 pmol/L; P less than 0.05). A rise in serum osteocalcin (10.3 +/- .86 vs. 8.0 +/- 0.5 micrograms/L; P less than 0.05) was accompanied by increased urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (628 +/- 63 vs. 406 +/- 44 mumol/day; P less than 0.01). Despite the reduction in sodium excretion, marked increases were observed in urinary calcium (6.04 +/- 0.97 vs. 3.27 +/- 0.40 mmol/day; P less than 0.01). rhGH significantly impaired oral glucose tolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity, but was otherwise well tolerated and produced no systematic changes in weight or blood pressure. The results of this study indicate that rhGH requires further study as a potential agent for attenuating or reversing the loss of muscle and bone in elderly people.
Testicular sperm extraction combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the treatment of men with persistent azoospermia postchemotherapy

Men who remain azoospermic long after undergoing chemotherapy have generally been considered sterile. The authors report their experience with testicular sperm extraction (TESE) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) applied to azoospermic men who previously received chemotherapy for a variety of indications.
Projecting human pharmacokinetics of therapeutic antibodies from nonclinical data

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of therapeutic antibodies is determined by target and non-target mediated mechanisms. These antibody-specific factors need to be considered during prediction of human PK based upon preclinical information. Principles of allometric scaling established for small molecules using data from multiple animal species cannot be directly applied to antibodies. Here, different methods for projecting human clearance (CL) from animal PK data for 13 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exhibiting linear PK over the tested dose ranges were examined: simple allometric scaling (CL versus body weight), allometric scaling with correction factors, allometric scaling based on rule of exponent and scaling from only cynomolgus monkey PK data. A better correlation was obtained between the observed human CL and the estimated human CL based on cynomolgus monkey PK data and an allometric scaling exponent of 0.85 for CL than other scaling approaches. Human concentration-time profiles were also reasonably predicted from the cynomolgus monkey data using species-invariant time method with a fixed exponent of 0.85 for CL and 1.0 for volume of distribution. In conclusion, we expanded our previous work and others and further confirmed that PK from cynomolgus monkey alone can be successfully scaled to project human PK profiles within linear range using simplify allometry and Dedrick plots with fixed exponent.
Living lab — A new form of business network

The paper discusses different types of Living Labs from a business network perspective. Firstly, we describe both theoretically and empirically how Living Labs can be explained as business networks. Secondly, we discuss four different types of Living Labs networks, namely utilizer-driven, enabler-driven, provider-driven, as well as user and user community-driven Living Labs. Moreover, we analyzed the underlying value-creation logic of each above mentioned Living Lab network. The paper is based on a qualitative research approach, in which a total of 40 semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of Living Labs in Finland, Sweden, and Spain and another 27 interviews with respondents representing ICT companies. Our main point is that collaboration in a Living Lab network can be described from a business network perspective. A Living Lab is built on relationships between actors, created and maintained by actors in participating in a Living Lab. Without these ties, a Living Lab could not function or create value.
The effects of muscle length on intracellular calcium transients in mammalian cardiac muscle.

1. The calcium‐sensitive photoprotein aequorin was micro‐injected into cells of rat and cat ventricular muscles. The resulting light emission is a function of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). The transient increases in [Ca2+]i that accompany contraction were monitored. 2. After an increase in muscle length, the developed tension increased immediately and then showed a slow increase over a period of minutes. The peak [Ca2+]i in each contraction was initially unchanged after an increase in muscle length but then showed a slow increase with a time course similar to that of the slow tension change. 3. As a consequence of these slow changes, the shape of the tension‐length relation depends on the procedure used to determine it and this change in shape can be attributed to changes in activation. 4. Immediately after an increase in muscle length the calcium transient was abbreviated. 5. When a quick release was performed during a contraction, a short‐lived increase in the [Ca2+]i was observed following the release. 6. The two previous observations can both be explained if the binding constant of troponin for calcium is a function of developed tension.
Topical Imiquimod 5% Cream as an Effective Treatment for External Genital and Perianal Warts in Different Patient Populations

Background Genital infection with human papillomavirus, the cause of genital warts, is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Goal The aim of this analysis was to determine whether patients’ demographic variables affect the efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream versus vehicle cream for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts. Study Design Male and female immunocompetent patients applied imiquimod 5% cream topically to external genital warts 3 times a week until wart clearance or for up to 16 weeks. Results As previously published, the intent-to-treat (ITT) clearance rate was 50% (54/109) in the imiquimod-treated group and 11% (11/100) in the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.0001). The ITT clearance rate in the imiquimod-treated group was higher in females (72%) than in males (33%). We have examined the clearance rates for subgroups based on variables of gender, baseline wart area, duration of current outbreak of warts, previous wart treatment, and tobacco use. For each of these subgroups, imiquimod was statistically more effective than vehicle in eradicating external genital and perianal warts. Conclusion Imiquimod 5% cream is an effective treatment for external genital and perianal warts and provides a significant benefit in comparison with vehicle cream, independent of gender, initial wart size, duration of current outbreak of warts, previous wart treatment, or tobacco use.
Phospholipase D-mediated Activation of IQGAP1 through Rac1 Regulates Hyperoxia-induced p47phox Translocation and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Lung Endothelial Cells*

Phosphatidic acid generated by the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) functions as a second messenger and plays a vital role in cell signaling. Here we demonstrate that PLD-dependent generation of phosphatidic acid is critical for Rac1/IQGAP1 signal transduction, translocation of p47phox to cell periphery, and ROS production. Exposure of [32P]orthophosphate-labeled human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) to hyperoxia (95% O2 and 5% CO2) in the presence of 0.05% 1-butanol, but not tertiary-butanol, stimulated PLD as evidenced by accumulation of [32P]phosphatidylbutanol. Infection of HPAECs with adenoviral constructs of PLD1 and PLD2 wild-type potentiated hyperoxia-induced PLD activation and accumulation of \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{\overline{.}}\) \end{document}/reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, overexpression of catalytically inactive mutants of PLD (hPLD1-K898R or mPLD2-K758R) or down-regulation of expression of PLD with PLD1 or PLD2 siRNA did not augment hyperoxia-induced [32P]phosphatidylbutanol accumulation and ROS generation. Hyperoxia caused rapid activation and redistribution of Rac1, and IQGAP1 to cell periphery, and down-regulation of Rac1, and IQGAP1 attenuated hyperoxia-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Src and cortactin and ROS generation. Further, hyperoxia-mediated redistribution of Rac1, and IQGAP1 to membrane ruffles, was attenuated by PLD1 or PLD2 small interference RNA, suggesting that PLD is upstream of the Rac1/IQGAP1 signaling cascade. Finally, small interference RNA for PLD1 or PLD2 attenuated hyperoxia-induced cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation and abolished Src, cortactin, and p47phox redistribution to cell periphery. These results demonstrate a role of PLD in hyperoxia-mediated IQGAP1 activation through Rac1 in tyrosine phosphorylation of Src and cortactin, as well as in p47phox translocation and ROS formation in human lung endothelial cells.
The D3 Dopamine Receptor and Substance Dependence

Abstract Behavioral sensitization, the progressive and enduring enhancement of certain stimulant-induced behaviors following repetitive drug use, is mediated in part by dopaminergic pathways known to play a role in drug dependence. It has been theorized that sensitization underlies the development of drug craving and initiates addictive behaviors of drug dependence. We propose that down-regulation of D3 dopamine receptor function contributes to sensitization. Rodent locomotion is regulated by the opposing influence of dopamine receptor subtypes, with D3 stimulation inhibiting and concurrent D1/D2 receptor activation stimulating locomotion. The D3 receptor has greater occupancy than D1 or D2 receptors following stimulant drug administration. Sensitization may therefore result in part from greater accommodation of the inhibitory D3 receptor “brake” on locomotion, leading to progressive locomotion increase following repeated stimulant exposure. Further study is needed to test this proposed model, and to clarify the role of individual dopamine receptor subtypes in sensitization and drug dependence.