Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Histone H3 Lysine 9 (H3K9) Methyltransferase G9a in the Maintenance of HIV-1 Latency and Its Reactivation by BIX01294*

Elucidating the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) provirus transcriptional silencing in latently infected cells is crucial for understanding the pathophysiological process of HIV-1 infection. It is well established that hypoacetylation of histone proteins by histone deacetylases is involved in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency by repressing viral transcription. Although histone methylation is involved in the organization of chromatin domains and plays a central epigenetic role in gene expression, the role of histone methylation in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency has not been clarified. Here we present evidence that histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9) methyltransferase G9a is responsible for transcriptional repression of HIV-1 by promoting repressive dimethylation at H3K9 and for the maintenance of viral latency. We observed that G9a significantly inhibited basal, as well as, the induced HIV-1 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor-α or Tat. Mutant G9a, however, lacking the SET domain responsible for the catalytic activity of histone methyltransferase, did not show such an effect. When G9a expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA, HIV-1 replication was augmented from cells transiently transfected with a full-length HIV-1 clone. Moreover, a specific inhibitor of G9a, BIX01294, could reactivate expression of HIV-1 from latently infected cells such as ACH-2 and OM10.1. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the presence of G9a and H3K9 dimethylation on nucleosome histones in the vicinity of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter. These results suggest that G9a is responsible for the transcriptional quiescence of latent HIV-1 provirus and provide a molecular basis for understanding the mechanism by which HIV-1 latency is maintained.
Nitric oxide modulates the physiological control of ciliary activity in the marine mussel Mytilus edulis via morphine: novel mu opiate receptor splice variants.

OBJECTIVES The study sought to determine how dopamine controls ganglionic processes involved with modulating lateral cilia beating via the peripheral branchial nerve. METHODS The lateral cilia found on the gill filaments exhibit metachronal ciliary beating determined stroboscopically. Novel opiate receptors were determined pharmacologically and demonstrated by RT-PCR and sequence analysis of total RNA from Mytilus edulis visceral ganglia. RESULTS Dopamine applied to the visceral ganglion inhibits the activity of lateral cilia in a concentration and haloperidol sensitive manner. Morphine or DAMGO significantly enhances ciliary beating in a naloxone sensitive manner, whereas L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, only antagonized morphine's action. SNAP, a nitric oxide donor, also enhanced lateral ciliary beating rates. Supporting the observation, i.e., morphine sensitive nitric oxide enhancement of ciliary beating and DAMGO insensitive, that two different mu opiate receptors are present in this tissue, a 602 bp fragment of the human micro 3 opiate receptor and a 935 bp fragment, designated micro 4 have been demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS The lateral epithelium of the gill is innervated by serotonergic, cilioexcitatory neurons and dopaminergic, cilioinhibitory neurons, originating in the visceral ganglion. This data supports previous reports that demonstrate inhibiting ganglionic dopamine release allows the serotonin signals to prevail uncontrolled, enhancing ciliary rates. Supporting the observation that two different mu opiate receptors are present in this tissue, evidence is presented that identifies a 602 bp fragment of the human micro 3 opiate receptor and a 935 bp fragment, designated micro 4. Overall, the data strongly suggests that the two alternatively spliced mu opiate receptors may be involved in the physiological regulation of lateral ciliary activity in the visceral ganglia via dopamine and nitric oxide.
Novel anticoagulants in patients with mechanical heart valves

Commentary on: Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1206. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Novel anticoagulants (including the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etixilate) and oral factor Xa inhibitors have similar or superior efficacy and safety to warfarin for reducing thromboembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, and for prevention of deep venous thrombosis. Eikelboom and colleagues set out to examine whether these novel anticoagulants could be used as an alternative to warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. RE-ALIGN was a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial with blinded adjudication of endpoints. Patients who had undergone aortic or mitral … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEngl%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D369%26rft.spage%253D1206%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1300615%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23991661%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1300615&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=23991661&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F3%2F97.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=000324888200007&link_type=ISI
[New percentile values for the anthropometric dimensions of singleton neonates: analysis of perinatal survey data of 2007-2011 from all 16 states of Germany].

AIM The aim of this study was to derive percentile values for birth weight, length, head circumference, and weight for length for singleton neonates based on the German perinatal survey of 2007-2011 (using data from all 16 states of Germany). We also compared these new percentile values with the percentile values of 1995-2000 that so far have been considered standard values. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data of 3 187 920 singleton neonates from the German perinatal survey of the years 2007-2011 were kindly provided to us by the AQUA Institute in Göttingen, Germany. Sex specific percentile values were calculated using cumulative frequencies. Percentile values at birth were computed for the 3(rd), 10(th), 25(th), 50(th), 75(th), 90(th), and 97(th) percentiles for 21-43 completed weeks of gestation. Percentile curves and tabulated values for the years 2007-2011 were compared with the published values of 1995-2000. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Overall the new percentile curves closely resemble the previous ones. Minimal differences can be found for the 10(th) percentile and generally for early weeks of gestation. Values for the 10(th) percentile in the 2007-2011 dataset are somewhat higher than values of 1995-2000 for birth weight, length, and weight for length. CONCLUSIONS We recommend the use of these new percentile values instead of the old ones.
Probability of Error Analyses of a BFSK Frequency-Hopping System with Diversity Under Partial-Band Jamming Interference - Part II: Performance of Square-Law Nonlinear Combining Soft Decision Receivers

In this paper, error probability analyses are performed for a binary frequency-shift-keying (BFSK) system employingLhop/bit frequency-hopping (FH) spread-spectrum waveforms transmitted over a partial-band Gaussian noise jamming channel. The performance results for two types of square-law nonlinear combining soft decision receivers under worst-case partial-band jamming are presented. The receivers employ, prior to combining, nonlinear weighting strategies of 1) adaptive gain control and 2) soft limiting (clipping) of the detector output of each channel of the dehopped waveform. Both thermal noise and jamming are included in the analyses. It is shown in the paper that a diversity gain for error rate improvement is realizable for nonlinear combining receivers provided that the noncoherent combining loss is less dominant than the jamming power reduction realized by the weighting strategy. Performance comparisons between linear and nonlinear combining receivers are presented.
6th HUPO Annual World Congress – Proteomics Standards Initiative Workshop 6–10 October 2007, Seoul, Korea

The plenary session of the Proteomics Standards Initiative of the Human Proteome Organisation at the 6th annual HUPO world congress updated the delegates on the current status of the ongoing work of this group. The new MS interchange format, mzML, had been entered into the HUPO document process immediately prior to the meeting and was already under active discussion by prospective users. It is anticipated this will become the de facto standard in this area in 2008. Minimal requirements documents are in the process of being published and proteomics journals are beginning to request data deposition as part of the manuscript submission process. The session ended with a lively debate on the practical implications these advances will have on daily laboratory work, on submission procedures and the tools which are being developed to assist in these activities.
pH-dependent release property of alginate beads containing calcium carbonate particles

Alginate bead containing calcium carbonate particle were prepared by dropping the suspension of alginate/calcium carbonate (4/1, w/w) into aqueous solution of CaCl2 (0.1 M). The pH-dependent release property of the bead was observed for 12 h using blue dextran as a model drug. The release increased up to 4 h in a saturation manner. When no calcium carbonate was contained, the release exhibited no marked variation with pH and the values were 27–39%. On the other hand, in case calcium carbonate was included in the matrix of alginate beads, intensive release(40–50%) was achieved in acidic and neutral conditions and the degrees of release were suppressed in alkali conditions and the values were ∼20%. The pH-sensitive release property is possibly because the particles of calcium carbonate embedded in the matrix of beads were leached out in acidic and neutral conditions, leaving cavities in the matrix. The cavities are likely to be main pathways for the release of blue dextran.
An Ontology-Based Extraction Framework for a Semantic Web Application

The Semantic Web vision is rapidly becoming a mainstream reality, but obstacles remain in the way. A major challenge is the adoption of practical Semantic Web applications and the production of vast stores of ubiquitous meta-data which is needed to allow robust inference engines to attain the goals of machine readability of web documents. The authors propose the Semantic Web Applications (SEMWAP) framework which facilitates semi-automatic matching of instance data from opaque web databases using lightweight ontology terms. This framework combines information retrieval, information extraction, natural language processing, and ontology techniques to produce a matching and thus provides a viable building block for Semantic Web applications. To experimentally investigate the characteristics and limitations of the SEMWAP framework, a prototype system called the Semantic Ontological Data Labeler (SODL) was constructed.
Comparing the Performance of Emotion-Recognition Implementations in OpenCV, Cognitive Services, and Google Vision APIs

Emotions represent feelings about people in several situations. Various machine learning algorithms have been developed for emotion detection in a multimedia element, such as an image or a video. These techniques can be measured by comparing their accuracy with a given dataset in order to determine which algorithm can be selected among others. This paper deals with the comparison of three implementations of emotion recognition in faces, each implemented with specific technology. OpenCV is an open-source library of functions and packages mostly used for computer-vision analysis and applications. Cognitive services, as well as Google Cloud AI, are sets of APIs which provide machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to develop smart applications capable of integrate computer-vision, speech, knowledge, and language processing features. Three Android mobile applications were developed in order to test the performance between an OpenCV algorithm for emotion recognition, an implementation of Emotion cognitive service, and a Google Cloud Vision deployment for emotion-detection in faces. For this research, one thousand tests were carried out per experiment. Our findings show that the OpenCV implementation got the best performance, which can be improved by increasing the sample size per emotion during the training step.
Financial Perceptions on Oil Spill Disasters: Isolating Corporate Reputational Risk

The aim of this paper is to isolate the corporate reputational risk faced by US oil and gas companies—as listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)—after recent oil spill disasters. For this purpose, we have conducted a standard short-horizon daily event study analysis aimed at the calibration of the financial perceptions caused by these environmental episodes between 2005 and 2011, and the drop effect on the market value of the firms analyzed. We not only find significant negative impact on the stock prices of the companies analyzed but also significant cumulative negative abnormal returns (CAR) around the accidental spillages, especially for the longest event windows. Corporate reputational risk is also identified and even measured by adjusting abnormal returns by a certain loss ratio. A new metric, CAR(Rep), is then proposed to disentangle operational losses and the reputational damage derived from such negative financial perceptions.
NaV1.1 channels and epilepsy

Voltage‐gated sodium channels initiate action potentials in brain neurons, and sodium channel blockers are used in therapy of epilepsy. Mutations in sodium channels are responsible for genetic epilepsy syndromes with a wide range of severity, and the NaV1.1 channel encoded by the SCN1A gene is the most frequent target of mutations. Complete loss‐of‐function mutations in NaV1.1 cause severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI or Dravet's Syndrome), which includes severe, intractable epilepsy and comorbidities of ataxia and cognitive impairment. Mice with loss‐of‐function mutations in NaV1.1 channels have severely impaired sodium currents and action potential firing in hippocampal GABAergic inhibitory neurons without detectable effect on the excitatory pyramidal neurons, which would cause hyperexcitability and contribute to seizures in SMEI. Similarly, the sodium currents and action potential firing are also impaired in the GABAergic Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum, which is likely to contribute to ataxia. The imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission in these mice can be partially corrected by compensatory loss‐of‐function mutations of NaV1.6 channels, and thermally induced seizures in these mice can be prevented by drug combinations that enhance GABAergic neurotransmission. Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) is caused by missense mutations in NaV1.1 channels, which have variable biophysical effects on sodium channels expressed in non‐neuronal cells, but may primarily cause loss of function when expressed in mice. Familial febrile seizures is caused by mild loss‐of‐function mutations in NaV1.1 channels; mutations in these channels are implicated in febrile seizures associated with vaccination; and impaired alternative splicing of the mRNA encoding these channels may also predispose some children to febrile seizures. We propose a unified loss‐of‐function hypothesis for the spectrum of epilepsy syndromes caused by genetic changes in NaV1.1 channels, in which mild impairment predisposes to febrile seizures, intermediate impairment leads to GEFS+ epilepsy, and severe or complete loss of function leads to the intractable seizures and comorbidities of SMEI.
The cleavage pattern in the leech Theromyzon tessulatum (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae)

In order to evaluate the differences in the cleavage patterns of the glossiphoniid leeches Glossiphonia complanata and Theromyzon tessulatum, previously studied by Müller ('32) and Schmidt ('17, '41), the cleavage of Theromyzon tessulatum was reexamined. For the period of the first 29 hours of development embryos were observed, photographed, and serially sectioned for light microscopy at each developmental stage. The exact cell lineage until completion of teloblast formation is reported. Besides some other not previously reported features, we show that the mesoteloblast precursor cell in the glossiphoniid leeches, as probably in most Annelida, is not the cell 3D, but cell 4d formed by an additional division of cell 3D. The results further indicate that all glossiphoniid leeches likely share a common cleavage pattern, and that major differences between Glossiphonia complanata and Theromyzon tessulatum do not exist. A comparison between the cleavage patterns of some Oligochaeta and Hirudinea is made, and plesiomorphic characters in the cleavage of a clitellate ancestor species and their deviations in present day species are discussed.
Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder.

BACKGROUND It is thought that approximately 6% of children have speech and language difficulties of which the majority will not have any other significant developmental difficulties. Whilst most children's difficulties resolve, children whose difficulties persist into primary school may have long-term problems concerning literacy, socialisation, behaviour and school attainment. OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of speech and language interventions for children with primary speech and language delay/disorder. SEARCH STRATEGY The following databases were searched: The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, CENTRAL: 2002/3), CINAHL (1982 - July 2002), EMBASE (1980 - Sept Week 4 2002), ERIC (1965 - 2002), MEDLINE (1966 - Sept Week 3 2002), PsycINFO (1872 - 2002/10 Week 2), The National Research Register (2002/3). In addition to this references were taken from reviews of the literature and reference lists from articles. SELECTION CRITERIA The review considered randomised controlled trials of speech and language therapy interventions for children or adolescents with primary speech and language delay/disorder. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Titles and abstracts were identified and assessed for relevance, before the full text version was obtained of all potentially relevant articles. The data were categorised depending on the nature of the control group and considered in terms of the effects of intervention on expressive and receptive phonology, syntax and vocabulary. The outcomes used in the analysis were dependent on the focus of the study with only the primary effects of therapy being considered in this review. MAIN RESULTS The results of twenty-five studies were used in the meta-analysis. The results suggest that speech and language therapy is effective for children with phonological (SMD=0.44, 95%CI: 0.01,0.86) or vocabulary difficulties (SMD=0.89, 95%CI: 0.21,1.56), but that there is less evidence that interventions are effective for children with receptive difficulties (SMD=-0.04, 95%CI: -0.64,0.56). Mixed findings were found concerning the effectiveness of expressive syntax interventions (n=233; SMD=1.02, 95%CI: 0.04-2.01). No significant differences were shown between clinician administered intervention and intervention implemented by trained parents, and studies did not show a difference between the effects of group and individual interventions (SMD=0.01, 95%CI: -0.26,1.17). The use of normal language peers in therapy was shown to have a positive effect on therapy outcome (SMD=2.29, 95%CI: 1.11,3.48). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The review shows that overall there is a positive effect of speech and language therapy interventions for children with expressive phonological and expressive vocabulary difficulties. The evidence for expressive syntax difficulties is more mixed, and there is a need for further research to investigate intervention for receptive language difficulties. There is a large degree of heterogeneity in the results, and the sources of this need to be investigated.
In Search of Healing Between Two Worlds: The Use of Traditional and Modern Health Services by Older Women in Rural Bangladesh

The objective of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the use of traditional and modern medicine among older adult women living in rural Bangladesh. Factors are identified that guide the women's decisions about who to seek help from when they are ill. The findings provide evidence that, in spite of the availability of modern health care, traditional healers— faith-based and herbalists—are widely utilized. Reasons given for their choice of health care providers fall into two categories: belief in the effectiveness of the intervention and service delivery considerations. These data suggest that use of traditional healers persists among women in rural areas of Bangladesh and that health policy should be developed with an acknowledgment of these health practices.
IMPACTO DE LA TARIFICACIÓN DINÁMICA SOBRE EL BIENESTAR SOCIAL EN CARRETERAS METROPOLITANAS

Resumen: La aplicacion de una tarifa dinamica se fundamenta en la aplicacion de precios variables segun segmentos horarios del dia para motivar el cambio en la eleccion del momento del desplazamiento, con lo que se busca un laminando de la demanda en los momentos de mayor congestion. Se desarrolla un algoritmo para la aplicacion de una tarifa dinamica para el caso de modelizar el trafico mediante asignacion dinamica. Ello se aplicara a un corredor metropolitano concreto para validar la bondad del modelo. Los resultados de la simulacion permitiran analizar el impacto de este tipo de tarifas sobe el bienestar social y valorar asi su idonedidad como medida contra la congestion.
Acute Renal Failure and Neurotoxicity following Oral Acyclovir

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acute renal failureand neurotoxicity following administration of oral acyclovir. DATA SOURCES: Medical record of the patient, case reports identified by MEDLINE. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were abstracted from relevant published data by Johnson and reviewed by the remaining authors. CASE SUMMARY: A 69-year-oldwoman was diagnosed with herpes zoster and oral acyclovir was prescribed by her local physician. After approximately two days the patient was taken to the emergency department of a local hospital with signs of acute confusion and acute renal failure. Medications included oxycodone/acetaminophen, al prazolam, prazepam, and digoxin. Pertinent laboratory abnormalities included serum digoxin 4.1 μmol/L, white blood cell count 17.6 × 109/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 24 mmol/L of urea, and serum creatinine 305 μmol/L (patient baseline is 11 mmol/L of urea and 91.5 serum creatinine μmol/L, respectively). Because of increasing lethargy and a focal seizure, she was transferred to our institution. Despitean extensive workup, no organiccause of her altered mental status and acute renal failure was identified. Four days after discontinuation of the acyclovir, without specific intervention, the patient's mental status improved and her BUN and serum creatinine concentrations had decreased to 21 mmol/L of urea and 190.6 μmol/L, respectively. On day 5, the patient was alert and oriented to name, place, year, and month, On day 9, her renal function and mental status had returned to baseline and she was discharged. CONCLUSIONS: Acute renal failure and neurotoxicity are usually associated with intravenous acyclovir. The temporal relationship between the initiation of oral acyclovir therapy and the onset of adverse events, supported by published data of a few similar cases, strongly implicateoral acycloviras the cause of this patient's acute renal failure and neurotoxicity. This case suggests that elderly patients with mild increased serum creatinine concentrations may be at increased risk and should be monitored closely for signs and symptoms of acute renal failure and neurotoxicity.