Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Relationship between Lifestyle Routine Activities Theory and Online Victimization Using Panel Data

ABSTRACT Prior research suggests lifestyle routine activities theory (LRAT) applies to online environments, however, the use of cross-sectional designs may limit the ability to determine whether LRAT behaviors influence online victimization, or if it is victimization that influences the use of LRAT behaviors. The current study used nationally representative panel data from The Netherlands to analyze the relationship between guardianship, exposure, and target attractiveness on hacking and malware victimization, controlling for relevant factors. Using path modeling, two prominent findings emerged. First, of the three LRAT factors, only exposure predicted greater likelihood of cybercrime victimization at a later time. Second, previous cybercrime victimization predicted increases in guardianship and exposure behaviors at a later time. Overall, these findings suggest that cybercrime victimization plays a greater role in changing LRAT behaviors, than LRAT behaviors do in explaining victimization.
Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base tumors: minimally-invasive approach with achievement of radicality. Our experience

Material and methods. For the period of 2013–2019, we retrospectively reviewed 39 patients with tumors of intra-extra skull base location or just extracranial extension. Tumor location and pathology: tumors in pterygopalatine fossa (paraganglioma, carcinoma, neurilemmoma, neurofibroma, chondrosarcoma) — 10 (25.6 %), pituitary adenomas with sphenoid sinus and/or parasellar extension — 14 (35.9 %), sphenoid sinus tumors (carcinoma, neurilemmoma, fibrous dysplasia, angiofibroma, esthesioneuroblastoma) — 8 (20.5 %), petroclival tumors — 6 (15.4 %): hemangiopericytoma — 1, clival tumors — 5 (chordoma), sella turcica lesion with posterior clinoid recess extension (osteoma) – 1 (2.5 %). The extended EET approaches used were as follows: EET + transpterygoid approach — 22 (56.4 %) (in 4 (18.1 %) cases transmaxillary approach was additionally used), extended EET + transclival approach — 4 (10.2 %), EET + transcavernous approach — 2 (5.1 %), EET + transethmoidal approach — 11 (28.2 %). In all cases, we used Karl Storz rigid 4mm 18cm with 0 and 30-degree angled optics. The extent of resection was determined based on routine postoperative CT scans performed within 24 hours after surgery. The volume of resection was evaluated using gadolinium. Gross total resection was defined as the resection of 100 % of the target lesion, subtotal resection as less than 100 % volumetric reduction of the lesion on postoperative CT scans. Further follow-up was done in three, six months and 1 year after surgery, then annually by MRI scanning with gadolinium.
Newspaper Coverage of Issue-based Political Statements and Campaigns in Nigeria’s Electoral Process (November 2018 – February 2019)

The electoral process in Nigeria is now more dynamic than in earlier years because of the nature of competitions among politicians. In a bid to sell candidates and woo voters, political parties engage in election campaigns during which statements are made. Campaigns ought to address issues of public importance, but in some instances the comments are mere expressions of personal sentiments. The press is not just the fourth estate of the realm but also the voice of the people to report issues for voters’ enlightenment. This paper examined newspaper coverage of issue-based political statements and campaigns in Nigeria’s 2019 electoral process. Two theoretical frameworks for the study were Agenda Setting Theory and Development Media Theory. The study was both quantitative and qualitative, covering newspaper reports from two national dailies, Vanguard and The Punch. A total of 76 editions were studied using the content analysis research design, with quoted statements buttressing the argument. The data were presented with frequency tables and analysed through simple percentages. There were 116 reports on the subject in the dailies. The paper found out that while there were coverage over some national issues like restructuring, security, corruption, economy, and electricity, the greater volume of political statements were not issue-based. There is the need for the press to pay less attention on matters that would not serve to educate voters adequately. The study recommends that the press use the editorials to canvass for issue-based comments. The study also contributed to knowledge as the seminal analysis of political statements in 2019 general elections.
An Algorithm for the All-pair Shortest Path Problem on Circular Trapezoid Graphs

The shortest path problem involves finding a path between two vertices in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimized. This is a fundamental and important problem in graph theory, and it has been applied for solving numerous problems such as the minimum connected dominating set, minimum-weight circle-cover, and minimum cardinality Steiner set problems. The single-source shortest path problem involves finding the shortest paths between a given vertex and all other vertices. The all-pair shortest path problem involves the determination of the shortest graph distances between every pair of vertices in a given graph. In general, it is known that efficient sequential or parallel algorithms can be developed by restricting the classes of graphs. Numerous studies have been conducted on the shortest path problems on several intersection graphs. A circular trapezoid graph is a proper superclass of trapezoid graphs and circular-arc graphs. In this study, we present an O(n2) time algorithm to solve the all-pair shortest path problem on circular trapezoid graphs.
Output feedback regulation of a class of high‐order feedforward nonlinear systems with unknown time‐varying delay in the input under measurement sensitivity

An output feedback regulation problem is considered for a class of high‐order feedforward nonlinear systems with delay in the input under measurement sensitivity. The key features are that the considered systems have uncertain high‐order feedforward nonlinearity and unknown time‐varying delay in the input. Then, the controller is supposed to be engaged where the output feedback information is distorted by measurement sensitivity. Our proposed controller has two gains—fixed and adaptive gains. The fixed gain is first designed to compensate for measurement sensitivity, and the adaptive gain is next utilized to dominate both unknown input delay and uncertain high‐order feedforward nonlinearity. Simulation examples are given to highlight the advantage of our control scheme.
Subspace Perturbation Bounds with an Application to Angle of Arrival Estimation using the MUSIC Algorithm

This paper explores how angle of arrival (AoA) estimation using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is affected by estimation errors in the space-time covariance matrix. In particular, we explore how this estimation error perturbs the signal-plus-noise and noise-only subspaces of the matrix, and how this subsequently affects the performance of MUSIC for AoA estimation. This subspace perturbation is shown to depend on the space-time covariance matrix itself, the sample size over which it is estimated, as well as the distance of the smallest signal-related eigenvalue to the noise floor. We link a bound on this perturbation to a bound on MUSIC performance, and demonstrate its utility for AoA estimation in simulations.
Impacts of recolonizing gray wolves (Canis lupus) on survival and mortality in two sympatric ungulates

There is growing recognition that humans may mediate the strength and nature of the ecological effects of large predators. We took advantage of ongoing gray wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) recolonization in Washington, USA, to contrast adult survival rates and sources of mortality for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) in areas with and without wolf packs in a managed landscape dominated by multiple human uses. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of wolves to the existing predator guild would augment predator-induced mortality rates for both ungulates. Source of mortality data from adult mule deer and white-tailed deer, respectively, revealed that wolf-related mortality was low compared with that inflicted by other predators or humans. Predator-caused mortality was largely confined to winter. There was little effect of wolf presence on adult deer mortality rates, and there was no difference in mortality between the two deer species relative to wolf-free or wolf-occupied sites. Although this study occurred early in wolf recovery in Washington, our results differ from those demonstrated for gray wolves in protected areas. Thus, we encourage further investigation of effects of direct predation by recolonizing large carnivores on prey in human-dominated landscapes.
The initial socio-technical solution for phishing attack

A phishing attack remains popular among security attacks, which has specific characteristics. The attacks have an impact on the economy and involve user behaviour that makes the attack successful. Many solution framework and program has developed but fails for eliminating the attack except minimizing the impact only. Mitigating and cope processes for reducing phishing attacks involve user education and training to raise higher user awareness. The mitigating process itself has two main steps that are prevention and detection. Many algorithms employ machine learning to overthrow the attack intelligently. The remaining problem of this process is detection time is slower than using blacklist filtering. The paper review social and technical aspects to conclude and identify the potential solution that will be proposed for the next stage of the research. The potential solution will include future data analytics such as an immersive and augmented analytic regardless of computing issues. An immersive and augmented analytics should have the ability to learn from the past data of user and attack behaviour to direct the system and user in combating the attacks. The learning result should give preventive suggestions and evaluate user awareness level.
Nutrition management in conversion-to-organic citrus orchard in the Indonesian citrus and subtropical fruits research institute

One of the main challenges in organic citrus cultivation is how to manage land and nutrients so that plant needs can be met all the time while maintaining soil quality. This paper provides information on applied nutrition management, evaluation of changes in soil characters, and production in the conversion-to-organic citrus orchard in the Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute. The citrus used are 5-year-old Siam citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.) grafted on Japansche Citroen rootstock. The initial stage in the conversion to organic farming is the creation of ecosystems that support organic agriculture and improvement of soil fertility through the cultivation of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) as living hedges around the garden, planting citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) and marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) in the embankment, and planting land cover crop. Nutrition management in the orchard includes the application of green manure sourced from biomass of the living hedges, soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merill) and wild plants obtained from the orchard; application of compost from dolomite enriched goat manure; and application of liquid organic fertilizer from fermented goat manure with local microorganisms. Nutrition management applied in the organic conversion orchard in the first year was followed by improvement in some soil characters, namely pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, total N and exchangeable Ca but vice versa for available P, exchangeable K, and Mg. Citrus production in the first year fell by about 11% from the previous year and was followed by a decrease in the other quality parameters of fruits, except for the levels of vitamin C and total acid.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEMATODE COMMUNITIES AND EDAPHIC FACTORS ON SELECTED SOIL GROUPS IN KENYA: VERTISOLS, CAMBISOLS AND ARENOSOLS

Background. Inappropriate agricultural practices such as use of heavy machinery, excessive tillage and unbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers, inappropriate irrigation practices and poor water management techniques, pesticide overuse, inadequate crop residue and/or organic carbon inputs, and poor crop cycling negatively affect soil characteristics. Objective. Determine the relationship between soil physical-chemical parameters and nematode assemblages, ecological suitability and nutrient recycling potential as influenced by their respective soil ecosystems. Methodology. A total of 576 soil samples were collected in areas characterized by small scale subsistence agriculture in Kenya’s Northern and Southern sites during the cold-dry (1), warm-rainy (2) and hot-dry (3) seasons. The sampling points included land under cultivation (disturbed) and the adjoining natural undisturbed land within three soil groups, namely; Vertisols, Cambisols and Arenosols. Nematodes were extracted, assigned to their respective trophic groups and correlated with analyzed soil chemical properties. Results. Omnivores and predators were positively influenced by an increase in Mg and soil organic matter content while an increase in soil pH, K and NH4 contenthad a linear relationship with bacterivores. Increase in Ca and N concentrations was associated with increased numbers of both herbivores and fungivores. Low ecological disturbance and nutrient cycling potential was favored in natural soils, northern sites and where the soils had an active root growth in season 2. Implications. Sustainable soil management practices are recommended in a bid to maintain the favorable soil structure through nematode assemblage. Conclusion. Changes in soil properties resulting from anthropogenic activities, have a significant impact on nematode assemblages in their respective food webs.
Avian Coccidiosis: Recent Advances in Alternative Control Strategies and Vaccine Development

Coccidiosis induces huge economic losses to poultry production. Its control through anticoccidial live vaccines and drugs has been very successful with some limitations because of the cost of production of live vaccines, drug resistance, and residues representing public health concerns. Consequently, there is a crucial need for drug-free production of foods. Useful strategies include environmental, immunological, and genetic approaches; feed additives are recent attitudes involving probiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, phytobiotics as essential oils, antioxidants, and nanobiotics (nanoparticles). A combination of such additives is a recent useful trend. Transgenic Eimeria parasite could fill in the gap in the control of chicken coccidiosis as an efficient anticoccidial vaccine with improved protective efficacy using multiple vaccine antigens. Alternatives justify further studies as therapeutic or prophylactic anticoccidial agents. Full biological and toxicology profiles are crucial for the promising materials which deserve to be applied on a larger scale.
Digital Governance in Nepal

Digital governance or e-governance is the application of information and communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of ICT between government and people. The government services are made available to the citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner through e-governance. The purpose of this study is to highlight digital governance in Nepal during and after international pandemic COVID-19. This paper emphasizes review of different studies on development of e-government and e-governance in Nepal as well as in developing countries. The outcome of the study will be helpful for policy makers and leaders to formulate effective e-government policies and standard during crisis.
Multilingual acquisition property by property: A view from a wider perspective

This commentary discusses the recent keynote article by Westergaard (2021), which is an interesting contribution to the field of language acquisition and multilingualism, especially because it attempts to provide a wider perspective by embracing first, second and third language acquisition. I address major claims put forward by Westergaard, to support them with my own research data from the domain of phonology as well as to raise some questions as to potential limitations of the approach, and to point to avenues for future theoretical and methodological refinement.
Drought Frequency, Severity, and Duration Monitoring Based on Climate Change in Southern and Southeastern Ethiopia

Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to the impact of climate change due to its low adaptive capacity and a higher dependence on rain-fed agriculture for livelihood. The aim of this paper was to identify the long-term climatic trends and the magnitude of those trends and to analyse drought duration, frequency, and severity in southern and south-eastern Ethiopia based on climatic data (1980-2017). This research is a quantitative research method. The southern and south-eastern of Ethiopia were purposely selected based on a frequent occurrence of drought in the country. Monthly data were obtained from National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia. Mann-Kendall (MK) Test coupled with Sen’s Slope Estimator was used to analyse the trend of climatic data and its magnitude, and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was used to analysis drought characteristics. SPEI of 1-, 3- and 6-month timescales were calculated to understand drought characteristics. The result of the MK test showed that annual rainfall trend had non-significant decrease at all station except at Gode. The trend of annual maximum and minimum temperature is insignificantly increasing. The calculated SPEI revealed drought is more frequent and severe from time to time in the study area. Results showed that the most frequent, severe and prolonged droughts occurred during1999-2017 compared to 1980-1999. Climate change mitigation and proactive drought management approach is highly recommended in order to minimize the risk of drought.
A survey: dynamics of humanoid robots

The mathematical foundation to describe the dynamics of a humanoid mechanism is reviewed. The discussion begins with the kinematics of an anthropomorphic mechanism, followed by the equation of motion of the system and the contact mechanics that accompanies with the motions. Some compact representations of both the robot dynamics and the contact mechanics are summarized. The former is referred to as the centroidal dynamics derived from the total momenta of the system, while the latter includes the contact wrench sum and the zero-moment point. They are naturally joined as a reduced-order dynamics model derived from an approximate relationship between the center of mass and the zero-moment point. Finally, some techniques to synthesize the intended motion into the joint actuation torques under limitations of contact forces are shown. This is basically a translation of a Japanese version with some modifications and reorganizations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Latinxs in La Migra: Why They Join and Why It Matters

Once an exclusively white enterprise, the last forty-five years have witnessed the emergence of a disproportionately Latinx immigration law enforcement workforce. This article addresses the question of why Latinxs elect to work for agencies that have systematically targeted the ethnic communities to which they belong. Where existing scholarship has often implied Latinxs may self-select into immigration law enforcement due to a lack of identification with the immigrant-experience, a dissociation with ethnic identity, and generally restrictionist immigration attitudes, this article finds little empirical evidence to support such an assumption. Analysis of interviews with sixty-one Latinx Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents across Arizona, California, and Texas reveals, instead, Latinxs elect to work in immigration law enforcement in service of economic self-interest and survival, with “money,” “a good job,” and “benefits” cited as the primary motivation(s) behind applying for and accepting a job in immigration. This pattern holds irrespective of individual agents’ levels of identification with the immigrant-experience and particular attitudes toward immigration, and suggests a diversity in the demographics of immigration law enforcement agencies that extends beyond mere race and ethnicity, to include a diversity of perspective and potential for empathy.
The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic and Social Development

Entrepreneurship is used to denote explorers and innovators in various fields. It has affected by economics, psychology, marketing, sociology, history, strategic management and human sciences. It is also considered as one of the important areas in the economies of developed industrial countries and developing ones. Therefore entrepreneurial projects make an active contribution to expansion of comprehensive economic development in all countries. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical frame work on the concept of entrepreneurship, its importance, characteristics and components. It also deals with the most important obstacles, reforms and the extent of the impact of entrepreneurshipon economic and social development of the country. Many societies face different problems related to pushing economic development forward. Hence, the role of entrepreneurship lay which affect positively and substantially in supporting this progress.
Heteroatom-doped C3N as a promising metal-free catalyst for a high-efficiency carbon dioxide reduction reaction

Converting CO2 into useful fuels and chemicals offers a promising strategy for mitigating the issues of energy crisis and global warming. However, it is still a fundamental challenge to find highly efficient catalysts for the CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER) reaction. In this work, the catalytic performance of heteroatom (B, P, Si, and S)-doped C3N materials as metal-free CO2ER electrocatalysts was investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results reveal that these heteroatom-doped C3N materials exhibit high stability. On the basis of the calculated Gibbs free energies, BN-doped C3N exhibits superior CO2ER catalytic activity for CO2 reduction to HCOOH with a low overpotential of 0.14 V vs. RHE. The present work demonstrates the promising potential of BN-doped C3N as an active and selective CO2ER catalyst, and provides an effective strategy for electrochemical applications.