Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Answering reachability questions

Software developers understanding and exploring code spend much of their time asking questions and searching for answers. Yet little has been known about the questions developers ask, the strategies used to answer them, and the challenges developers face. Through interviews, surveys, and observations, a series of 7 studies were conducted that begin to address this gap, contributing a better understanding of developers' tools, practices, problems, questions, and strategies, and a model of how developers reconstruct design decisions from code. A design process is described for using studies of developers' work to design more useful tools for developers. These studies reveal that reachability questions are a central part of understanding and exploring code. A reachability question is a search along paths through code. Developers ask reachability questions when reasoning about causality, ordering, type membership, repetition, and choice. For example, to debug a deadlock, a developer searched downstream for calls acquiring resources to reconstruct how and why resources were acquired. Existing tools make these questions challenging to answer by forcing developers to guess which paths through the call graph lead to what they are looking for and which paths are feasible and execute. These challenges cause bugs and waste time. In one study, half of the inserted bugs were caused by challenges answering reachability questions; other developers simply gave up. In observations of professional developers at work, nine of the ten longest debugging and investigation activities involved answering a single reachability question, each requiring tens of minutes of developers' time. To help developers more easily understand and explore code, REACHER lets developers search along call graphs and find matching statements. An interactive call graph encodes causality, ordering, type membership, repetition and choice and helps developers to remain oriented while navigating through code. REACHER is implemented as an Eclipse plugin for Java. REACHER uses a novel fast feasible path analysis to eliminate some of the most common types of infeasible paths. In a controlled experiment, developers with REACHER were 5.6 times more successful answering reachability questions in significantly less time and reported that REACHER helped them to think more visually.
What Is New in Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis?

In Intensive care units (ICU), ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) is a relatively common problem and the differentiation between VAT and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains controversial. The main cause to develop infection in the upper airways is the imbalance between host defenses and excess mucus that can become stagnant and serve as a medium for bacterial growth by potentially pathogenic organisms. VAT might represent an intermediate process between colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia and probably is a continuum between bronchitis and pneumonia in mechanical ventilated patients. Recent studies have shown that bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells are functionally different and represent a first step of injury. VAT diagnosis remains difficult and controversial. VAT represents an interesting target for treatment since it may shorten the use of antibiotics and reduce cost and minimize the selective pressure on the ICU ecology. In this manuscript, pathophysiology, diagnosis and recent practices in VAT prevention and treatment are presented.
The Interoperability Challenge for Autonomic Computing

Interoperability is an emerging need for autonomic computing systems, which stems from the very success of these systems. Autonomic computing is increasingly popular; soon autonomic control components will be commonplace, and present in almost every large or complex application. This inevitably leads to situations where multiple autonomic components coexist and interact either directly or indirectly within the same application or system. Problems can arise when numerous independently designed autonomic components interact. We advocate a service-based approach to interoperability and present a set of requirements for such an approach. We briefly present a universal interoperability service which automatically discovers and manages potential conflicts between manager components.
Une analyse empirique de l'information volontaire sur le contrôle interne diffusée par les entreprises françaises

The recent financial crisis has generated a law about the production of a internal control report writen by management directory. This law is issued from Sarbanes-Oxley act which want develop more transparency in fiancial informations. Internal controle is founded on two items : Protection of the assets and Performance. For ten Years, many companies discloses informations on internal control in the intellectuel capital information. We propose a study on the voluntary information on the internal control on 40 companies during 3 years.
Genel Amaçlı Otomatik Parmakizi Tanıma Sistemi Tasarımı ve Gerçekleştirilmesi

Bu calismada, otomatik bir parmakizi tanima sistemi basariyla gerceklestirilmis ve sunulmustur. Sistem tasarlanirken islemler adim adim yapilmistir. Oncelikle bir parmakizi okuyucu yardimiyla veya dosyadan alinan parmakizi resimleri sayisala cevrilmistir. Resimler kucuk parcalara bolunerek uzerinde islem yapilacak alan arkaplandan ayrilmistir. Iyi sonuc veren bir algoritma kullanilarak griseviye resimden referans noktalari elde edilmistir. Sistem hizini ve performansini arttirmak icin parmakizi resimleri temizlenip iyilestirilmistir. Temizlenip iyilestirilen resimlere bolgesel ikili donusum uygulanmis ve daha sonra siyah beyaz renkten olusan ikili resim inceltilmistir. Inceltilmis resim uzerinde ozellik noktalari olarak adlandirilan uc ve catal noktalar ve bunlarla ilgili gerekli parametreler bulunmus ve yalanci ozellik noktalari elenmistir. Son olarak karsilastirma algoritmasi belirlenip karsilastirma islemi yapilmistir. Sunulan calismada, belirtilen tum adimlar basariyla gerceklestirilmis ve bu islemlerin kolaylikla yapilabilmesi icin bir yazilim gelistirilmistir. Hem tanima, hem de onaylama/dogrulama modunda calisabilen sistem, 100 parmakizi resminin bulundugu bir veritabaninda test edilmis ve basarili sonuclar vermistir.
Biometry from surveillance cameras - forensics in practice

The article recounts various problems that the authors encountered in biometric face recognition and biometric image interpretation in their experience as court appointed expert witnesses. Before automated face recognition system can be applied on a typical surveillance video, images must be enhanced using various image processing methods or enriched by using computer vision 3D reconstruction methods. Authenticity of video material must also sometimes be verified. If face recognition is not possible or successful then other soft biometric characteristics can be checked. A legal expert witness for image biometry must be able to employ a large array of image processing and computer vision tools and methods. The expert witness must be able to explain how the biometric results were obtained, which were the necessary processing steps and how confident are
Question Answering for Dutch: Simple does it

When people pose questions in natural language to search for information on the web, the role of question answering (QA) systems becomes important. In this paper the QAsystem simpleQA, capable of answering Dutch questions on which the answer is a person or a location, is described. The system's algorithm does not use a lot of complex NLP-techniques, but instead uses the magnitude of and redundancy on the World Wide Web to its advantage. The system has been evaluated on the DISEQuA corpus and performed quite well: MRR near 0.5. For further improvements it can easily be extended by adding more rewrite rules and applying more sophisticated filtering and tiling.
Introduction to Facet Theory: Content Design and Intrinsic Data Analysis in Behavioral Research

Facet Theory: A Strategy for Scientific Theory Building PART ONE: FACET DESIGN: THE SHAPING OF RESEARCH CONTENTS Mappings and Assignments Range Facet An Image of Reality Formalization of Research Content Design Domain Facets Definitions and Hypotheses The Mapping Sentence PART TWO: INTRINSIC DATA ANALYSIS: THE STRAIGHT WAY TO HANDLE MULTIVARIATE DATA Behavioral Theories Picturing Concepts by Faceted SSA Behavioral Measurement Multiple Scaling by POSAC/LSA
Acute Brown-Séquard Syndrome following Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury. A Report of Two Cases

Introduction Brown-Séquard syndrome is an unusual sequelae of pre-ganglionic brachial plexus injury. There have been sporadic case reports indicating that the cause of this condition is due to tethering of the cord, vascular ischaemia or direct avulsion injury of the nerve roots. This is a report of two patients with complete pre-ganglionic brachial plexus avulsion injuries who developed acute partial Brown-Séquard syndrome due to haematoma. Cases Two patients developed acute partial Brown-Séquard syndrome associated with complete pre-ganglionic brachial plexus avulsion injuries. In the first case the neurology recovered fully after the evacuation of the large subdural hematoma. Whereas, in the second case the neurology only recovered after 4 weeks closed observation in view of the compression was due to small epidural haematoma. Conclusion Acute Brown-Séquard syndrome occurring in association brachial plexus injury should be investigated with urgent magnetic resonance imaging to exclude any reversible haematoma compression.
Rap music and the poetics of identity

Introduction: music theory, musical poetics, rap music 1. Analyzing rap music 2. A genre system for rap music 3. The musical poetics of a 'revolutionary' identity 4. Rap geography and soul food 5. Two cases of localized (and globalized) musical poetics Bibliography Discography.
Three-North Shelter Forest Program contribution to long-term increasing trends of biogenic isoprene emissions in northern China

Abstract. To assess the long-term trends of isoprene emissions in northern China and the impact of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNRSF) on these trends, a database of historical biogenic isoprene emissions from 1982 to 2010 was developed for this region using a biogenic emission model for gases and aerosols. The total amount of the biogenic isoprene emissions during the 3 decades was 4.4 Tg in northern China and 1.6 Tg in the TNRSF, with annual emissions ranging from 132 000 to 176 000 t yr−1 and from 45 000 to 70 000 t yr−1, respectively, in the two regions. Isoprene emission fluxes have increased substantially in many areas of the TNRSF over the last 3 decades due to the growing trees and vegetation coverage, especially in the central north China region where the highest emission incline reached to 58 % from 1982 to 2010. Biogenic isoprene emissions produced from anthropogenic forests tended to surpass those produced from natural forests, such as boreal forests in northeastern China. The estimated isoprene emissions suggest that the TNRSF has altered the long-term emission trend in north China from a decreasing trend during 1982 to 2010 (slope = −0.533, R2 = 0.05) to an increasing trend for the same period of time (slope = 0.347, R2 = 0.014), providing strong evidence for the change in the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) induced by the human activities on decadal or longer timescales.
Investigating the role of interconnect surface roughness towards the design of power-aware network on chip

High-speed metal interconnects play a significant role in the on-chip network system as the network performance largely depends on the behaviour of these interconnects. Variability in wire properties due to the surface roughness directly impacts the overall system performance. In this study, the authors evaluate the effects of interconnect surface roughness on deeply scaled on-chip interconnects (i.e. 22, 13, and 7 nm) in the context of the network on chip (NoC). The critical roughness parameters of interconnect in NoC are extracted by atomic force microscopy analysis of fabricated thin sheets of copper. Their analysis shows that in a 5 × 5 NoC with 25 cores on 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm die, rough interconnects can lead to a significant penalty on energy budget, bandwidth density, bit error rate, the figure of merit and total system throughput. Their analysis shows that this penalty is further increased by moving towards interconnection lines at advanced technology nodes. They simulate the bodytrack workload of PARSEC benchmark by using Tejas Simulator to show the penalty on latency and energy of the architecture due to the rough interconnects. Their study makes an attempt to qualitatively and quantitative highlight the impact of the interconnect surface roughness on the design of power-aware NoCs.
Enabling personalised learning through formative and summative assessment

This chapter considers some ways in which personalised learning can potentially be delivered by means of appropriate assessment and the use of associated technologies. Recognising that for many students, learning is driven by summative assessment, the chapter considers how by blending summative and formative assessment, students can be encouraged to develop and take responsibility for their own learning along with ways in which technology can make this assessment be tailored to the individual student. The approaches described can support and encourage self-regulated learning - itself an effective way of providing the more general concept of student-centred learning. The framework of learning that is engendered - with the use of technology - has the potential to allow an educational pathway which reflects individual students' needs and aptitudes, and which can thus provide a form of personalised learning. This chapter describes some of the relevant theory - which forms the context within which this work is based and has developed - before then describing two case studies where this blend of formative and summative assessment is described and analysed. This is followed by a discussion of some of the more general issues.
Psychiatry and General Practice Today

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Radial pseudoaneurysm following diagnostic coronary angiography

The radial artery access has gained popularity as a method of diagnostic coronary catheterization compared to femoral artery puncture in terms of vascular complications and early ambulation. However, very rare complication like radial artery pseudoaneurysm may occur following cardiac catheterization which may give rise to serious consequences. Here, we report a patient with radial pseudoaneurysm following diagnostic coronary angiography. Adequate and correct methodology of compression of radial artery following puncture for maintaining hemostasis is the key to prevention. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i3. 12776 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol-10, No-3, 48-50
Using Spice and behavioral synthesis tools to optimize ASICs' peak power consumption

This paper describes a methodology that combines Spice simulations with a behavioral synthesis tool to estimate and optimize digital ASICs' peak power consumption. Spice can be used to provide very accurate and complete measures of power consumption. A behavioral-level tool is then used to minimize the use of power in each clock cycle by carefully selecting the appropriate hardware, while simultaneously scheduling operations. Results show substantial reductions in peak power.
Co-ordination and fatigue of countermovement jump

This thesis explored the cause of fatigue in countermovement jump performed under different intensities and its influence upon movement pattern. These aims were tested using two experimental studies. The first one aimed to compare the causes of fatigue development during a short(=10 min) and a long-term (=20 min) countermovement jump protocols through the manipulation of resting interval. The results indicated tha t after short-term fatigue protocol, maximal voluntary isometric contraction reduction was accompanied by central and peripheral fatigue. On the other hand, after long-term fatigue protocol, maximal voluntary isometric contraction reduction was accompanied by peripheral fatigue. The second study used similar exercise protocol to induce fatigue on neuromuscular system. It was aimed to investigate the movement pattern of countermovement jump throughout fatigue exercise protocols. The timing and sequencing of inter-segmental movement and of muscle activation remained relatively unaltered under fatigue. However, in order to sustain required jump height, few adjustments were performed on control and on coordination of fatigued jumps, such as increased joint flexion and earlier initiation of joint extension. This result was quite similar irrespective of fatigueinduced exercise intensities. Considering both experimental studies, the results of present thesis suggest that the cause of fatigue in countermovement jump is task-dependent in which depends on what fatigue protocol is used, thereby the cause of fatigue can move from one site to another. Even with the neuromuscular system impaired, there was not change on the movement pattern of countermovement jump, irrespective of exercise duration and cause of fatigue. However, adjustments on control and coordination of countermovement jump were performed in order to compensate the force loss and to maintain the targeted jump height.
The Global Sporting Arms Race: An International Comparative Study on Sports Policy Factors Leading to International Sporting Success

Over the last few decades the power struggle between nations to win medals in major international competitions has intensified. This has led to national sports organisations and governments throughout the world spending increasing sums of money on elite sport. Several nations have indeed shown that accelerated funding in elite sport can lead to an increase of medals won at the Olympics. Nevertheless, in spite of increasing competition and the homogenisation of elite sports systems, the optimum strategy for delivering international success is still unclear. There is no model for comparing, and increasing, the efficiency and effectiveness of elite sport investments and management systems. This makes it difficult for sports managers and policy makers to prioritise and to make the right choices in elite sports policy. This book presents an international comparison of elite sport policies in six nations (Belgium, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and United Kingdom). Over 1,400 athletes, coaches and performance directors in these nations have provided information on the climate to perform at the highest level of elite sport in their country. Over a hundred criteria are evaluated and compared using a scoring system in nine sport policy areas. This book is aimed at sports professionals, academics and politicians seeking a better understanding of the factors that lead to international sporting success and seeking insights in future sport policy developments.
Relationship between land surface properties and BRDF/albedo parameters using satellite data

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and the albedo of a land surface are determined by its three-dimensional structure and by its optical properties. By investigating the relationship between BRDFs based on model inversions of observations (and the resulting albedos) and known landcover types, the ability of the MODIS BRDF/Albedo algorithm to capture the realistic variability of surface is explored.
The Lion & the Mouse

In award-winning artist Jerry Pinkney's wordless adaptation of one of Aesop's most beloved fables, an unlikely pair learn that no act of kindness is ever wasted. After a ferocious lion spares a cowering mouse that he'd planned to eat, the mouse later comes to his rescue, freeing him from a poacher's trap. With vivid depictions of the landscape of the African Serengeti and expressively-drawn characters, Pinkney makes this a truly special retelling, and his stunning pictures speak volumes.
GeneTUC: Event extraction from TQL logic

As Natural Language Processing systems converge on a high percentage of successful deeply parsed text, parse success alone is an incomplete measure of the ``intelligence'' exhibited by the system. Because systems apply different grammars, dictionaries and programming languages, the internal representation of parsed text is often different from system to system, making it difficult to compare performance and exchange useful data such as tagged corpora or semantic interpretations. This report describes how semantically annotated corpora can be used to measure quality of Natural Language Processing systems. A selected corpus produced by the GENIA project were used as ``golden standard'' (event-annotated abstracts from MEDLINE). This corpus were sparse (19 abstracts), thus manual methods were employed to produce a mapping from the native GeneTUC knowledge format (TQL). This mapping were used to produce an evaluation of events in GeneTUC. We were able to attain a recall of 67% and average precision of 33% on the training data. These results suggest that the mapping is inadequate. On test data, the recall were 28% and average precision 21%. Because events is a new ``feature'' in NLP-applications, there are no large corpora that can be used for automated rule learning. The conclusion is that at least there exists a partial mapping from TQL to GENIA events, and that larger corpora and AI-methods should be applied to refine the mapping rules. In addition, we discovered that this mapping can be of use for extraction of protein-protein interactions.
Long-range RMDA over PCI Express

Many computing related tasks today require a lot of hardware infrastructure to fulfill requirements and expectations of its users. Physical infrastructure used to serve systems are often organized in several geographically separate computer clusters. In this thesis, we have investigated and developed a working prototype which enables nodes in a PCI Express based computer cluster to connect with, and transfer data a node in remote PCI Express based cluster. Central to our design is the cluster gateway, or proxy node. Each cluster consists of endpoint nodes and one proxy node. The proxy acts as a gateway for incoming and outgoing data traffic to and from nodes in the local cluster. Every data transfer is relayed via the proxies which carries the responsibility of forwarding outgoing data to a destination remote cluster, and forwarding incoming data to the recipient node. The system is implemented on PCI Express based clusters using Ethernet as the medium connecting remote clusters together. The cluster interconnect technology enables nodes to connect to memory segments in a node within the cluster and perform read and write operations on it using either programmed I/O or Remote Direct Memory Access. We have implemented functionality intended to supplement an already existing API, that can be used to execute intercluster data transmissions. iv Long-range RDMA over PCIe