Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Descriptive Analysis of Cooperative Management Competency Enhancement for Increasing Members’ Welfare and Business Strategies

This study aims to proceed the analysis through qualitative descriptive and further explore the welfare of management and members of cooperatives in a sustainable manner by observing the business strategies and competency of members. This research was conducted at women's cooperatives in Malang district with the method of observation of female cooperative members to explore competencies, strategies that have been implemented as well as the welfare of members. Data mining was carried out by direct interviews and distributing questionnaires to cooperative members. The analysis was carried out with descriptive qualitative, namely frequency analysis to find out the responses of 171 respondents with a questionnaire. The results showed that respondents in this study responded well to welfare indicators. This indicates that someone who joined as a member of a cooperative is more effective in improving their welfare. This increase in welfare was marked by an increase in family income, although the increase was not significant with an increase in prices for necessities. Besides, improving health and education is also better than before becoming a member of the cooperative.
Unleashing the potential of internal audits: a review and research agenda

Research on internal audits of quality management systems is scarce, and no clear study exists that could guide practitioners in improving the auditing practice and help researchers advance existing knowledge. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review empirical research on internal audits of ISO 9001 to synthesise advice for increasing the value of internal audits and to establish a research agenda. The research method used in this paper is a systematic literature review. The result from a thematic analysis revealed two main causes for why internal audits should be improved, three main areas of what to improve, and three groups of suggestions for how audits can be improved. In conclusion, this review show that earlier research agrees on that internal audits focus too much on compliance and less on improvements, and that auditors should improve their knowledge, skills, and audit planning. The implications of this paper are consolidated in four propositions for future research, focusing the need for (1) more research contributing to both practice and theory, (2) enhanced focus on organisational needs and improvement opportunities, (3) changes in audit planning and auditor skills to enable process-oriented auditing, and (4) how to implement changes in internal auditing.
Evidence of the Existence of Three Types of Species at the Quartz−Aqueous Solution Interface at pH 0−10: XPS Surface Group Quantification and Surface Complexation Modeling

The surface composition of a quartz surface reacted with various aqueous solutions of pH 0−10 was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The positions and intensities of the recorded Si 2p and O 1s lines change depending on solution conditions. The O 1s line, where the position varies more significantly, was analyzed in detail showing three components corresponding to three surface species: >SiOH2+, >SiOH0, and >SiO- (where > represents the bulk quartz). The changes in the Si 2p spectra support these findings. The atomic ratio between the surface oxygen and silicon atoms was found to be 1.8. These data allow proposing a two-step deprotonation model of the quartz surface where two surface oxygen atoms are bonded to one silicon surface atom and where the most deprotonated surface sites show the SiO- configuration. Physisorbed water in the amount of around 10% of the monolayer was also found on all samples under spectroscopic investigation. The density of th.
When Code Words Aren’t Coded

According to the “standard framing” of racial appeals in political speech, politicians generally rely on coded language to communicate racial messages. Yet recent years have demonstrated that politicians often express quite explicit forms of racism in mainstream political discourse. The standard framing can explain neither why these appeals work politically nor how they work semantically. This paper moves beyond the standard framing, focusing on the politics and semantics of one type of explicit appeal, candid racial communication (CRC). The linguistic vehicles of CRC are neither true code words, nor slurs, but a conventionally defined class of “racialized terms. ”
On the difficulty of N(4S) atom recombination to explain the appearance of the pink afterglow in a N2 flowing discharge

The possibility that the pink afterglow (PA) of a flowing nitrogen discharge occurs as a result of recombination of N(4S) atoms is evaluated and discussed, based on a detailed kinetic model for a microwave discharge and post-discharge. The present simulation shows that the states responsible for the emission of the PA cannot be created via an indirect mechanism initiated with atomic recombination. Alternatively, it is indicated that the PA may have its origin in non-resonant vibration–vibration energy-exchange processes between molecules, which lead to an overpopulation of high levels of the vibrational manifold.
Influence of Supervision as a Motivation Factor on Stress Levels of Teachers in Public Primary Schools in Kajiado Central Sub-County, Kenya

Educationists and other stakeholders have recognized teachers’ psychological wellbeing as a key aspect in teacher motivation. It has been used to judge the ability of teachers and thus the main determinant of teachers’ performance and employment. Motivation hence has played an important role in the management of schools, because it may have a positive relationship with the stress levels of the teachers. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the teachers’ supervision as a motivation factor on stress levels among public primary school teachers in Kajiado Central Sub-County. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised of 826 public primary school teachers, and 80 deputy head teachers and 80 head teachers from the 96 public primary schools from Kajiado Central Sub-County. However, 16 of the public primary schools were located in areas with intercommunity clashes and poor road transport and therefore the entire target population was not practically accessible. The accessible population comprised of 697 public primary school teachers, 80 deputy head teachers and 80 head teachers from the 80 public primary schools . Sampling of the public primary schools and teachers was done using stratified random sampling while the sampling for head teachers and the deputy head teachers was done using purposive sampling. The total study sample size was 256 respondents, which comprises of 248 teachers and eight head teachers from eight public primary schools. Data was collected through questionnaires for teachers and interviews scheduled for head teachers. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The study found that teachers’ supervision significantly influenced the teachers stress levels in Kajiado Central Sub County. The findings may inform the Teachers Service Commission and the government policy makers on what needs to be changed or enhanced to promote motivational factors and reduce job stress among the primary school teachers. Keywords: Influence of Supervision, Motivation, Stress levels, Kenya DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-29-11 Publication date: October 31 st 2020
Proton-Conducting Properties of a Brønsted Acid−Base Ionic Liquid and Ionic Melts Consisting of Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and Benzimidazole for Fuel Cell Electrolytes

A novel protic ionic liquid and ionic melts consisting of a Bronsted acid and base were prepared with the combination of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (HTFSI) and benzimidazole (BIm) at various molar ratios. The thermal properties, ionic conductivities, 1H-NMR chemical shifts, Raman spectra, 1H and 19F self-diffusion coefficients, and electrochemical polarization curves were explored. A mixture at the equivalent molar ratio formed a protic neutral salt, and its thermal stability was higher than 350 °C. The phase diagram of the BIm−HTFSI binary mixtures revealed that stoichiometric complexes other than the neutral salt were found at [BIm]/[HTFSI] = 2/1 and 6/1. In these BIm excess compositions, fast proton exchange reactions between protonated BIm (HBIm+) and free BIm were observed at 140 °C, where BIm and HBIm+ were indistinguishable by 1H-NMR but were distinguishable by Raman spectroscopy. The proton transfer became faster and also the proton transference number increased with increasing BIm mole fr.
TD-DFT benchmarks: A review

Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) has become the most widely-used theoretical approach to simulate the optical properties of both organic and inorganic molecules. In this contribution, we review TD-DFT benchmarks that have been performed during the last decade. The aim is often to pinpoint the most accurate or adequate exchangecorrelation functional(s). We present both the different strategies used to assess the functionals and the main results obtained in terms of accuracy. In particular, we discuss both vertical and adiabatic benchmarks and comparisons with both experimental and theoretical reference transition energies. More specific benchmarks (oscillator strengths, excited-state geometries, dipole moments, vibronic shapes, etc.) are summarized as well. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple Time-Frequency Curve Classification for Tacho-Less and Resampling-Less Compound Bearing Fault Detection Under Time-Varying Speed Conditions

Rotating machinery usually runs at time-varying speeds, which often brings failures, especially compound faults. However, currently, there is still a lack of satisfactory coupled fault diagnosis methods at variable speeds. Several methods have been developed, which try to eliminate rotational speed influences by converting nonstationary fault characteristic frequencies into stationary ones. But it brings new problems of computational efficiency and accuracy, and requires an auxiliary tachometer to measure the rotational speed. Time-frequency analysis can solve the problems, and extract time-frequency curves for fault diagnosis through time-frequency representation (TFR). However, for signals containing multiple faults at variable speeds, uninterested components will be generated when extracting multiple time-frequency curve (MTFC), which makes it difficult for compound fault diagnosis. To solve these problems, a novel MTFC classification method for tacho-less and resampling-less compound bearing fault detection under time-varying speed conditions is proposed in this paper. Here the TFR characteristics of a multi-fault vibration signal is analyzed, and a compound fault diagnosis strategy based on MTFC classification is developed. Firstly, MTFC is extracted by a local peak search method. Then, according to the relationship between instantaneous shaft rotational frequency, instantaneous fault characteristics frequency and their respective harmonics, two classification criteria for curves are proposed and MTFC is classified into interested curves and uninterested curves. Finally, the average ratios between interested curves are matched to theoretical fault characteristic coefficients to determine the fault type. Case studies on rolling bearing experiments verified the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Biological Toxicity of Five Metal Ions on Marine Algea

Internationally validated methods (ISO standards) for the determination of toxic effects were used in this study to evaluate the toxicity of metals [i.e. Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd] to a kind of marine algae, namely Chlorella autotrophica. In the test, the no observable effect concentration (NOEC) and the effective concentration for 50% of test algae (EC50) were obtained after 96-h of incubation at 25±1°C, by comparing the growth of the Chlorella autotrophica in the test samples and in the control. Among the 5 metal ions, mercury (Hg) was found to be the most toxic metal in the test (EC50=1.04 mmol/L), while cadmium (Cd) was the least toxic (EC50=151.37 mmol/L). The results from the Chi-square test of each dose-response equations showed that 96h-EC50s calculated were all precise and credible. According to both NOEC and 96h-EC50, the toxic sequence of these metals from high to low on the inhibition of Chlorella autotrophica’s growth was Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+.
A Novel Robust Gaussian Approximate Smoother Based on EM for Cooperative Localization With Sensor Fault and Outliers

In this article, a novel robust Gaussian approximation smoother based on expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed for cooperative localization (CL) with faulty Doppler velocity log (DVL) and heavy-tailed measurement noise. In our model, the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) velocity information that is not available due to DVL failure and the bias in the underwater acoustic modem are considered as unknown inputs. Then, the Student’s t distribution is used to model the heavy-tailed measurement noise. An EM algorithm is also developed for the state-space model with heavy-tailed measurement noise. The state, noise covariance matrices, and auxiliary random variables are regarded as hidden variables to obtain the maximum likelihood estimation of unknown inputs. Gaussian smoother where modified process and measurement noise covariance are inferred by variational Bayesian (VB) approach is applied to estimate the state. The experimental results illustrate that given the heavy-tailed noise, the proposed method estimates the unknown input, and the state with a high level of accuracy. The proposed algorithm can be used as a backup algorithm for CL in cases where DVL is not available due to failure.
Online algorithm for aggregating experts’ predictions with unbounded quadratic loss

We consider the problem of online aggregation of experts’ predictions with a quadratic loss function. At the beginning of each round t = 1, 2, . , T , experts n = 1, . , N provide predictions γ t , . , γ t ∈ H (where H is a Hilbert space). The player aggregates the predictions to a single prediction γt ∈ H. Then nature provides the true outcome ω ∈ H. The player and the experts n = 1, . , N suffer the losses ht = ∥ω−γt∥ and l t = ∥ω−γ t ∥, respectively, and the next round t + 1 begins. The goal of the player is to minimize the regret, that is, the difference between the total loss of the player and the loss of the best expert: RT = ∑T t=1 ht −minn=1,. ,N ∑T t=1 l n t .
PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION ALTERED BY LONG-TERM NITROGEN ADDITION HAS MINOR CONTRIBUTION TO PLANT NUTRIENT STATUS AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL

Short-term nitrogen (N) deposition has exhibited great impacts on plant internal nutrient cycling in forest, grassland and desert ecosystems. However, the responses of plant nutrient status to chronic N deposition are not well understood, especially in alpine grasslands limited by soil N availability. This study used an N addition experiment that had been implemented since 2009 in the Tianshan mountains, northwest China, to investigate the effects of N addition at five levels (0, 1, 3, 9 and 15 g N m year) on the leaf nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of dominant perennial grasses (Leymus tianschanicus, Festuca ovina, Agropyron cristatum and Koeleria cristata) and forbs (Potentilla anserina and Potentilla bifurca) at the species, functional group and community levels. The results showed that increasing N addition significantly enhanced soil available N concentrations and soil available N:P ratios but had no detectable impacts on soil available phosphorus (P) concentrations. Nitrogen addition significantly reduced forb relative biomass, ranging from 13% in control plots versus 2% in the highest N addition plots. Furthermore, N addition increased the foliar N concentrations and N:P ratios for all the species, decreased foliar P concentrations for grasses, and had no significant effects on P concentrations in forbs. Plant carbon (C) concentrations remained relatively stable, resulting in reduced C:N as N addition increased. In contrast, N addition consistently increased leaf N concentrations, C:P and N:P and decreased leaf P concentrations and C:N at the community level. Regression analysis showed that soil available N and N:P ratios, rather than soil available P, were key parameters controlling plant N and P concentrations and stoichiometric ratios. Foliar N and P concentrations showed divergent responses to long-term N addition at the species and community levels, which implied that plant N and P cycling decoupled under N deposition. Grasses were more sensitive to N addition than forbs, resulting in significantly altered plant community composition. Su et al.: Plant community composition altered by long-term nitrogen addition has minor contribution to plant nutrient status at the community level 6470 APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 18(5): 6469-6484. http://www.aloki. hu ● ISSN 1589 1623 (Print) ● ISSN1785 0037 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.15666/aeer/1805_64696484 © 2020, ALÖKI Kft. , Budapest, Hungary These findings are important for understanding plant nutrient allocation strategies and how plants adapt to environmental changes, such as N deposition in alpine ecosystems.
Removal of basic dyes (malachite green) from aqueous medium by adsorption onto amino functionalized graphenes in batch mode

AbstractIn this paper, graphene oxides and amino functionalized graphenes (NH2-G) were prepared and employed as adsorbent for the removal of a basic dye, malachite green (MG). The effect of several parameters (pH, dye concentration, adsorption time, and temperature) of the adsorption process was investigated for NH2-G. Four different adsorption isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium of the adsorption system. The adsorption mechanism was investigated by adsorption thermodynamics and adsorption kinetics. The results indicated that NH2-G showed a high efficiency for the removal of the basic dye MG with the maximum adsorption capacity of 91.48 mg g−1. According to the obtained thermodynamic data, the adsorption of MG onto NH2-G was an endothermic process with a large adsorption enthalpy. The kinetic study showed that the whole adsorption process fit the pseudo-second-order kinetics model well.
Electrical characteristics of Pt∕Au Schottky contacts to plasma-etched AlGaN

The effects of surface treatment using Ar and Cl2∕BCl3 inductively coupled plasmas on the rectifying characteristics of Pt∕Au contacts to AlxGa1−xN (x=0.1–0.5) were investigated. Plasma treatment increased the conductivity of Al0.1Ga0. 9N surfaces, making the rectifying contacts into Ohmic contacts. For higher Al-content AlGaN, the Schottky diodes turned leaky after Cl2∕BCl3 plasma treatment, where damage creation and etching occur simultaneously, whereas the diodes become more rectifying upon Ar plasma exposure, in which plasma damage accumulates. A time-dependent study of Ar plasma treatment supports the hypothesis that the energy level of plasma damage in high-Al content AlGaN may be damage density dependent, and damage accumulation during Ar plasma exposure results in a high-resistivity region compensated by deep-level defect states.
Contribuições das Teorias Institucional, Contingencial e Economia dos Custos de Transação para Seleção de Operadores Logísticos / Contributions of Institutional Theory, Contingency and Economy of Transaction Costs for Selection of Logistic Operators

The objective of this paper is to discuss the contribution of Institutional theories, Contingency and transaction costs for the selection of logistics operators. The research method considered the execution of two case studies in slaughterhouses. The results showed that the Contingency Theory can contribute to the analysis of internal environments of the contracting company and logistics operator; Institutional Theory may help to identify the legitimate routine and forming mechanisms, focused on isomorphism; and the Theory of Transaction Cost Economics can contribute to select a logistics operator with operational similarity with suitable price. With the use of Contingency Theory was possible to map the routine to identify operational requirements in terms of resources and capacity, the analysis of external environment Logistics Service Provider found up locational opportunities for better flow. Based on Transaction Cost Theory, allowed to optimize logistics costs of activities to be outsourced and based on institutional theory, it became possible to map the contractor's internal environment to identify the routine legitimized in order to require the Logistics Service Provider.
Autonomous Suturing Framework and Quantification Using a Cable-Driven Surgical Robot

Suturing is required in almost all surgeries but it is challenging to perform with surgical robots due to limited vision and/or haptic feedback. To tackle this problem, we present an autonomous suturing framework that encompasses a novel needle path planner, as well as an accurate needle pose estimator and a six degrees-of-freedom controller. A novel needle grasper is developed that enables needle pose estimation both inside and outside the tissue. The framework was evaluated experimentally using the Raven IV surgical system and important suture parameters were quantified. The experiment results confirmed a needle pose estimation accuracy of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< $</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.87 mm in position and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< $</tex-math></inline-formula> 3.46<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> in orientation across all directions. Moreover, the results revealed that using the proposed framework enabled following the reference needle trajectories with errors of 2.07 mm in position and 4.29<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula> in orientation. These are drastic improvements of more than 10× in position and 5× in orientation compared to the Raven IV kinematic controller. Additionally, the results verified that our framework delivered the desired clinical suture parameters successfully across tissue phantom environments with different mechanical properties and under various needle trajectories. A supplementary video can be found at: <uri>http://bionics.seas. ucla.edu/research/surgeryproject18.htmlhttp://bionics.seas. ucla.edu/research/surgeryproject18</uri>
Deep Acoustic Embeddings for Identifying Parkinsonian Speech

Parkinson’s disease is a serious neurological impair-ment which adversely affects the quality of life in individuals. While there currently does not exist any cure for this disease, it is well known that early diagnosis can be used to improve the quality of life of affected individuals through various types of therapy. Speech based screening of Parkinson’s disease is an active area of research intending to offer a non-invasive and passive tool for clinicians to monitor changes in voice that arise due to Parkinson’s disease. Whereas traditional methods for speech based identification rely on domain-knowledge based hand-crafted features, in this paper, we investigate the efficacy of and propose the deep acoustic embeddings for identification of Parkinsonian speech. To this end, we conduct several experiments to benchmark deep acoustic embeddings against handcrafted features for differentiating between speech from individuals with Parkinson’s disease and those who are healthy. We report that deep acoustic embeddings consistently perform better than domain-knowledge features. We also report on the usefulness of decision-level fusion for improving the classification performance of a model trained on these embeddings.