Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVENTION OF GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST DISEASE BY TREATMENT OF BONE MARROW WITH GLIOTOXIN IN FULLY ALLOGENEIC CHIMERAS AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC T CELL REPERTOIRE

Gliotoxin, a secondary fungal metabolite, at nanomolar concentrations, irreversibly inhibits murine T cell proliferation to mitogen. Treatment of allogeneic spleen cells with gliotoxin allows their transfer into sublethally irradiated recipients without inducing a GVH reaction. Gliotoxin treatment of bone marrow allows the establishment of fully allogeneic bone marrow chimeras free of GVH disease. The cytotoxic T cell repertoire against influenza virus in these animals is restricted to both host- and donor-type MHC. However, their immune competence is severely compromised by their lack of host MHC-type stimulator cells.
Myocardial oxygen tension and relative capillary density in isolated perfused rat hearts.

Oxygen plays an important role in cardiac function. Many methods have been applied to measure tissue oxygen tension (PO2). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry appears to have some significant advantages for use in the beating heart. This study presents the serial measurement of myocardial PO2 by EPR oximetry in the isolated crystalloid perfused heart during changes of influent PO2, coronary flow rate, oxygen consumption and end-diastolic pressure. Baseline myocardial PO2 was 198 +/- 12 mmHg (mean +/- S.E.). Myocardial PO2 increased as expected with increased delivery (concentration or flow) or decreased consumption. With increasing flow rate, myocardial PO2 increased in a sigmoid fashion. A critical flow or pressure was reached when myocardial PO2 rapidly increased to a higher level. Increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure caused local vascular compression and resulted in a decrease of myocardial PO2. Myocardial capillary density in the intact contracting heart was calculated to be 2300 +/- 110/mm2, using local myocardial PO2 and a cylindrical model for oxygen diffusion in tissue. Relative capillary density did not change with mild to moderate hypoxia, increased with increasing flow and increasing oxygen consumption and decreased with elevated diastolic pressure. We conclude that the application of EPR oximetry with LiPc to the isolated heart provides accurate and dynamic evaluation of local myocardial PO2 in the contracting heart. Using various models of oxygen delivery and diffusion in tissue, these data may also be used to serially follow capillary density.
Probability based partial triple modular redundancy technique for reconfigurable architectures

This paper represents a design technique for hardening combinational circuits mapped onto any reconfigurable architecture. An effective and simple algorithm for signal probabilities has been used to detect SEU sensitive gates for a given combinational circuit. The circuit can be hardened against radiation effects by applying triple modular redundancy (TMR) technique to only these sensitive gates. PTMR is tested against different circuits to prove its efficacy. With a small loss of SEU immunity, the proposed PTMR scheme can greatly reduce the area overhead as compare to TMR technique. PTMR scheme along with reconfiguration feature of FPGAs can result into a very effective SEU mitigation technique
A path-based model for emotion abstraction on facebook using sentiment analysis and taxonomy knowledge

Each term in a short text can potentially convey emotional meaning. Facebook comments and shared posts often convey human biases, which play a pivotal role in information spreading and content consumption. Such bias is at the basis of human-generated content, and capable of conveying contexts which shape the opinion of users through the social media flow of information. Starting from the observation that a separation in topic clusters, i.e. sub-contexts, spontaneously occur if evaluated by human common sense, this work introduces a process for automated extraction of sub-context in Facebook. Basing on emotional abstraction and valence, the automated extraction is exploited through a class of path-based semantic similarity measures and sentiment analysis. Experimental results are obtained using validated clustering techniques on such features, on the domain of information security, over a sample of over 9 million page users. An additional expert evaluation of clusters in tag clouds confirms that the proposed automated algorithm for emotional abstraction clusters Facebook comments compatibly with human common sense. The baseline methods rely on the robust notion of collective concept similarity.
Periodicity in the annual incidence of reported cases of yellow fever during the past fifty years.

Summary 1. An analysis has been made of the periodicity of severe epidemics of yellow fever in Africa and South America during the past 50 years. 2. Successive peaks of unusual prevalence of reported cases of that disease have recurred after intervals of from two to 13 years. No consistent pattern has been discernable although the most frequent interval was six years. 3. The periodicity of large numbers of fatalities, as revealed by the viscerotome service, has likewise been irregular and has shown a median value of six and a half years.
A note on the helical movement of micro-organisms

This note seeks to evaluate the self-propulsion of a micro-organism, in a viscous fluid, by sending a helical wave down its flagellated tail. An explanation is provided to resolve the paradoxical phenomenon that a micro-organism can roll about its longitudinal axis without passing bending waves along its tail (Rothschild 1961, 1962; Bishop 1958; Gray 1962). The effort made by the organism in so doing is not torsion, but bending simultaneously in two mutually perpendicular planes. The mechanical model of the micro-organism adopted for the present study consists of a spherical head of radius a and a long cylindrical tail of cross-sectional radius b, along which a helical wave progresses distally. Under the equilibrium condition at a constant forward speed, both the net force and net torque acting on the organism are required to vanish, yielding two equations for the velocity of propulsion, U, and the induced angular velocity,Ω, of the organism. In order that this type of motion can be realized, it is necessary for the head of the organism to exceed a certain critical size, and some amount of body rotation is inevitable. In fact, there exists an optimum head-tail ratio a/b at which the propulsion velocity U reaches a maximum, holding the other physical parameters fixed. The power required for propulsion by means of helical waves is determined, based on which a hydromechanical efficiency η is defined. When the head-tail ratio a/b assumes its optimum value and when b is very small compared with the wavelength λ, η ≃ Ω/ω approximately (Ω being the induced angular velocity of the head, ω the circular frequency of the helical wave). This η reaches a maximum at kh ≃ 0.9 (k being the wavenumber 2π/λ, and h the amplitude of the helical wave). In the neighbourhood of kh = 0.9, the optimum head-tail ratio varies in the range 15 < a/b < 40, the propulsion velocity in 0.08 < U/c < 0.2 (c = ω/k being the wave phase velocity), and the efficiency in 0.14 < η < 0.24, as kb varies over 0.03 < kb < 0.2, a range of practical interest. Furthermore, a comparison between the advantageous features of planar and helical waves, relative to each other, is made in terms of their propulsive velocities and power consumptions.
Human multitasking

Humanmultitasking is the apparent performance by an individual of handling more than one task, or activity, at the same time. The term is derived from computer multitasking. An example of multitasking is taking phone calls while typing an email. Multitasking can result in time wasted due to human context switching and apparently causing more errors due to insufficient attention. However, studies have shown that some people can be trained to multitask where changes in brain activity have been measured as improving performance of multiple tasks (see below: The brain’s role). Multitasking can also be assisted with coordination techniques, such as taking notes periodically, or logging current status during an interruption to help resume a prior task midway.
Myristylation is involved in intracellular retention of hepatitis B virus envelope proteins

The envelope of hepatitis B virus contains three related proteins, one of which is myristylated. The nonmyristylated small and middle protein are assembled into empty envelope particles which are secreted from cells, whereas the myristylated large envelope protein is mainly found in complete virions and is not secreted in the absence of the nucleocapsid. The block to secretion can be partially overcome by mutation or deletion of the myristylation site. Creation of a myristyl attachment site in the small protein impairs the secretion of empty envelope particles but not their intracellular assembly. Myristylation may therefore play a crucial role in hepatitis B virus replication by channeling the envelope proteins into complete viral particles.
Opciones conceptuales, metodológicas y prácticas en la medición de la pobreza : el Informe sobre Pobreza de Irak 2010

Las cuestiones conceptuales, metodólogicas y prácticas de la medición en la economía toman particular relevancia cuando se aborda el problema de la pobreza. Esta renovada importancia surge de dos factores. Por un lado, las implicancias de dichas mediciones exceden el campo teórico, dado que poseen el potencial de afectar en forma directa el bienestar de los individuos de una sociedad. Por otro, la disciplina se encuentra lejos de establecer acuerdos metodológicos y conceptuales. Diferentes conceptualizaciones de la pobreza conllevan la construcción de distintos indicadores para su medición, los cuales pueden hacer variar las estimaciones acerca del tamaño de la pobreza, así como las caracterizaciones de su estructura (es decir, quiénes son y dónde se encuentran los pobres)1. Para citar un ejemplo, Székely et al. muestran cómo la tasa de pobreza de América Latina puede variar entre 12,7 y 65,8 por ciento según las opciones metodológicas empleadas (Székely et. al., 2000). Así, distintas mediciones proveen información diversa a quienes están en posición de tomar decisiones de política pública. En la actualidad, si bien un nuevo acuerdo ha sido establecido acerca de la necesidad de evaluar la pobreza desde una perspectiva multidimensional2, en la práctica el enfoque monetario predomina en las descripciones y análisis, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (Ruggeri et. al., 2003). Este enfoque se basa en la generación de un indicador de bienestar creado a partir del ingreso o del consumo de los individuos, que es comparado con una “línea de pobreza”, una canasta que incluye elementos alimentarios y de otra naturaleza que aseguran un estándar de vida mínimo y aceptable. Aquellos por sobre la línea de pobreza son considerados no pobres, aquellos por debajo, pobres. S i b ien se t ra ta de una medic ión (aparentemente) sencilla, razonable y operativa, la puesta en práctica de este enfoque no está exenta de supuestos, juicios de valor y opciones metodológicas y prácticas que, lamentablemente, no son siempre explicitadas o justificadas. Por ejemplo, ¿por qué se descarta una concepción multidimensional? ¿Qué elementos se incluyen en el indicador? ¿Cómo se ajusta ese indicador en términos de las características demográficas del hogar (edad, sexo, etc)? ¿Cómo se ajusta ese indicador en términos de inflación? ¿Qué elementos se incluyen en la línea de pobreza? ¿Por qué? ¿Cómo se define el componente no alimentario de la canasta? Gran parte de los Informes de Pobreza publicados por el Banco Mundial (BM) se basan en este enfoque unidimensional de medición de la pobreza3. A pesar de la importancia de las definiciones conceptuales y metodológicas en este campo, muchas veces no incluyen un detallado desarrollo de Opciones conceptuales, metodológicas y prácticas en la medición de la pobreza: el informe sobre pobreza de irak 2010
Plant DNA barcodes and the influence of gene flow

Success of species assignment using DNA barcodes has been shown to vary among plant lineages because of a wide range of different factors. In this study, we confirm the theoretical prediction that gene flow influences species assignment with simulations and a literature survey. We show that the genome experiencing the highest gene flow is, in the majority of the cases, the best suited for species delimitation. Our results clearly suggest that, for most angiosperm groups, plastid markers will not be the most appropriate for use as DNA barcodes. We therefore advocate shifting the focus from plastid to nuclear markers to achieve an overall higher success using DNA barcodes.
Multiparadigm programming: Novel devices for implementing functional and logic programming constructs in C++

Constructs for functional and logic programming can be smoothly integrated into an existing object-oriented language. We demonstrate this in the context of C++ (a statically-typed object-oriented language with effects and parametric polymorphism) via two libraries: FC++ and LC++. FC++ is a library for functional programming in C++; FC++ supports higher-order polymorphic functions, lazy lists, and a small lambda language; it also contains a large library of useful functions, datatypes, combinators, and monads. LC++ is a library for logic programming in C++; LC++ provides the same general functionality as Prolog, including the ability to return query results lazily (one at a time). Both libraries are embedded in C++ so that they share C++'s static type system, and the library interfaces provide straightforward ways for code from within one paradigm to “call out” to another. Our work describes the techniques used to implement these libraries in C++ and shows that the resulting multiparadigm language has useful applications in real-world domains. We also describe how many of the implementation techniques can be generalized from C++ and applied to other programming languages to yield similar results.
Southward extrusion of Tibetan crust and its effect on Himalayan tectonics

The Tibetan Plateau is a storehouse of excess gravitational potential energy accumulated through crustal thickening during India‐Asia collision, and the contrast in potential energy between the Plateau and its surroundings strongly influences the modern tectonics of south Asia. The distribution of potential energy anomalies across the region, derived from geopotential models, indicates that the Himalayan front is the optimal location for focused dissipation of excess energy stored in the Plateau. The modern pattern of deformation and erosion in the Himalaya provides an efficient mechanism for such dissipation, and a review of the Neogene geological evolution of southern Tibet and the Himalaya shows that this mechanism has been operational for at least the past 20 million years. This persistence of deformational and erosional style suggests to us that orogens, like other complex systems, can evolve toward “steady state” configurations maintained by the continuous flow of energy. The capacity of erogenic systems to self‐organize into temporally persistent structural and erosional patterns suggests that the tectonic history of a mountain range may depend on local energetics as much as it does on far‐field plate interactions.
Dual labeling of the cytoskeleton and DNA strand breaks in porcine embryos produced in vivo and in vitro

In vitro‐produced embryos exhibit decreased cell numbers, small inner cell masses and reduced pregnancy rates after transfer. Evaluation of intracellular components of in vitro‐produced or ‐manipulated embryos will lead to improved methodology for embryo production. Whole mount techniques were developed to utilize terminal deoxynucleotidyl‐transferase 3′ nick end labeling (TUNEL) to detect broken DNA. Subsequent labeling of either tubulin or actin filaments provides further evidence of cytological damage. Porcine embryos produced in vitro or in vivo were evaluated throughout the cleavage and preimplantation stages of development. Early cleavage stages up to the 8‐cell stage never contained TUNEL‐labeled nuclei. However, TUNEL labeling of in vitro‐produced morula revealed some blastomeres with broken DNA. Nearly all in vitro‐produced blastocysts displayed some TUNEL positive cells, whereas in vivo‐collected embryos at a similar stage displayed few, if any, TUNEL‐labeled nuclei. The ratio of TUNEL‐labeled DNA to total DNA area of in vitro‐derived blastocysts was significantly greater than their in vivo counterparts (P < 0.05). Microtubule and microfilament labeling identified blastomeres of unequal size and shape that were losing cellular integrity. These data suggest that the combination of these labeling techniques may be useful in evaluating cellular damage in embryos produced under in vitro conditions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51:59–65, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Formation UAV flight control using virtual structure and motion synchronization

In this paper, the synchronized position tracking controller is incorporated in formation flight control for multiple flying wings. With this technology, the performance and effectiveness of the formation controller are improved when the virtual structure approach is utilized to maintain formation geometry. Simulations are conducted on the nonlinear model of two flying wings to verify the proposed controller.
Myocardial Gd-DTPA kinetics determine MRI contrast enhancement and reflect the extent and severity of myocardial injury after acute reperfused infarction.

BACKGROUND Contrast medium-enhanced magnetic resonance images of acute, reperfused infarcts have shown hypoenhanced and hyperenhanced regions in areas of injured myocardium. The precise mechanisms that lead to these altered enhancement patterns are unknown. This study was designed to evaluate possible mechanisms and to relate altered enhancement patterns to myocardial perfusion and viability. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen rabbits underwent in situ coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion followed by isolated perfusion with cardioplegic solution. T1-weighted spin-echo images were acquired continuously during step changes in perfusate Gd-DTPA concentration. Regional blood flow was also measured by use of radioactive microspheres in all rabbits. There were marked differences in Gd-DTPA wash-in and washout time constants (wash-in, 0.8 +/- 0.1, 2.1 +/- 02, and 16.3 +/- 2.4 minutes, P < .001; washout, 1.6 +/- 0.1, 4.8 +/- 0.5, and 31.1 +/- 3.3 minutes, P < .001) in normal, infarct rim, and infarct core regions, respectively, resulting in differential enhancement of these regions. Microsphere flows in the infarct rim and core were 42.9 +/- 4.0% and 12.0 +/- 1.6% of normal myocardium and correlated well with washout time constants (r = .86, y = 0.77x - 0.002, P < .001), suggesting that these time constants index the severity of microvascular damage. In addition, spatial maps of washout time constants were produced. The extent of regions with abnormal time constants correlated well with triphenyltetrazolium chloride-determined infarct size (r = .94, y = 0.95x + 4.17, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images of acute, reperfused rabbit infarcts, differential image intensity is primarily due to regional differences in contrast agent wash-in and washout time constants. These regional differences in time constants also indicate the extent and severity of myocardial injury.
EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID IN TREATMENT‐RESISTANT DEPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH SYMPTOM REMISSION, STRUCTURAL BRAIN CHANGES AND REDUCED NEURONAL PHOSPHOLIPID TURNOVER

The n‐3 essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was added to the conventional antidepressant treatment of a treatment‐resistant severely depressed and suicidal male patient with a seven‐year history of unremitting depressive symptoms. The niacin skin flush test and cerebral magnetic resonance scanning were carried out at baseline and nine months later. The addition of ethyl‐EPA led to a dramatic and sustained clinical improvement in all the symptoms of depression, including a cessation of previously unremitting severe suicidal ideation, within one month. Symptoms of social phobia also improved dramatically. During the nine‐month period the volumetric niacin response increased by 30%, the relative concentration of cerebral phosphomonesters increased by 53%, and the ratio of cerebral phosphomonesters to phosphodiesters increased by 79%, indicating reduced neuronal phospholipid turnover. Registered difference images showed that the EPA treatment was accompanied by structural brain changes including, in particular, a reduction in the lateral ventricular volume.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and Activin Type II Receptors Balance BMP9 Signals Mediated by Activin Receptor-like Kinase-1 in Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells*

Mutations in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor superfamily members underlie conditions characterized by vascular dysplasia. Mutations in endoglin and activin-like kinase receptor 1 (ALK1) cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, whereas bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) mutations underlie familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. To understand the functional roles of these receptors, we examined their relative contributions to BMP signaling in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). BMP9 potently and selectively induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation and Id gene expression in HPAECs. Contrary to expectations, BMP9 also stimulated Smad2 activation. Furthermore, BMP9 induced the expression of interleukin 8 and E-selectin. Using small interfering RNA, we demonstrate that the type I receptor, ALK1, is essential for these responses. However, small interfering RNA and inhibitor studies showed no involvement of ALK5 or endoglin. We further demonstrate that, of the candidate type II receptors, BMPR-II predominantly mediated IL-8 and E-selectin induction and mitogenic inhibition by BMP9. Conversely, activin receptor type II (ActR-II) contributed more to BMP9-mediated Smad2 activation. Only abolition of both type II receptors significantly reduced the Smad1/5 and Id responses. Both ALK1 and BMPR-II contributed to growth inhibition of HPAECs, whereas ActR-II was not involved. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the critical role of type II receptors in balancing BMP9 signaling via ALK1 and emphasize the essential role for BMPR-II in a subset of BMP9 responses (interleukin 8, E-selectin, and proliferation). This differential signaling may contribute to the contrasting pathologies of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
The Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of the Arg-Gly-Asp Peptide 18F-AH111585 in Healthy Volunteers

We report the safety, biodistribution, and internal radiation dosimetry of a new PET tracer, 18F-AH111585, a peptide with a high affinity for the αvβ3 integrin receptor involved in angiogenesis. Methods: PET scans of 8 healthy volunteers were acquired at time points up to 4 h after a bolus injection of 18F-AH111585. 18F activity in whole blood and plasma and excreted urine were measured up to 4 h after injection. In vivo 18F activities in up to 12 source regions were determined from quantitative analysis of the images. The cumulated activities subsequently calculated were then used to determine the internal radiation dosimetry, including the effective dose. Results: Injection of 18F-AH111585 was well tolerated in all subjects, with no serious or drug-related adverse events reported. The main route of 18F excretion was renal (37%), and the 3 highest initial uptakes were by liver (15%); combined walls of the small, upper large, and lower large intestines (11%); and kidneys (9%). The 3 highest absorbed doses were received by the urinary bladder wall (124 μGy/MBq), kidneys (102 μGy/MBq), and cardiac wall (59 μGy/MBq). The effective dose was 26 μGy/MBq. Conclusion: 18F-AH111585 is a safe PET tracer with a dosimetry profile comparable to other common 18F PET tracers.