Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exchange Rate Risk Premium: An Analysis of Its Determinants for the Mexican Peso-USD

The objective of this paper is to analyze what are the main determinants of the exchange rate risk premium (ERP). The empirical case is conducted for the daily Mexican peso-USD exchange rate for a sample period from 2007 until 2015. According to the results the ERP is influenced by several financial variables which are the VIX, a carry trade index, the EMBI and the forward premium obtained from derivatives' transaction orders. These results are in line with previous results in the literature that have proven that exchange rate premiums are influenced by several financial variables, which are usually considered as 'proxies' of risk.
A NONLINEAR REGULATOR TO OBTAIN CLUSTER BALANCING

This suggested control techniques devote themselves not just to the present loop control but additionally towards the electricity capacitor current control. According to the current loop control, a nonlinear controller in line with the passivity-based control (PBC) theory can be used within this cascaded structure STATCOM the very first time. This paper presents a transformerless static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) system according to multilevel H-bridge ripper tools with star configuration. Regarding the electricity capacitor current control, overall current control is recognized by adopting a proportional resonant controller. The experimental results prove that H-bridge cascaded STATCOM using the suggested control techniques has excellent dynamic performance and powerful sturdiness. The electricity capacitor current could be maintained in the given value effectively. Clustered balancing control is acquired while on an active disturbances rejection controller. Individual balancing control is accomplished by shifting the modulation wave up and down which may be easily implemented inside a field-programmable gate array. Two actual H-bridge cascaded STATCOMs ranked at 10 kV 2 MVA are built and a number of verification exams are performed.
On Practical Aspects of Using RNNs for Fault Detection in Sparsely-labeled Multi-sensor Time Series

In this work, we attempt to address two practical limitations when using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) as classifiers for fault detection using multi-sensor time series data: Firstly, there is a need to understand the classification decisions of RNNs. It is difficult for engineers to diagnose the faults when multiple sensors are being monitored at once. The faults detected by RNNs can be better understood if the sensors carrying the faulty signature are known. To achieve this, we propose a sensor relevance scoring (SRS) approach that scores each sensor based on its contribution to the classification decision by leveraging the hidden layer activations of RNNs. Secondly, lack of labeled training data due to infrequent faults (or otherwise) makes it difficult to train RNNs in a supervised manner. We pre-train an RNN on large unlabeled data via an autoencoder in an unsupervised manner, and then finetune the RNN for the fault detection task using small amount of labeled training data. Through experiments on a public gasoil heating loop dataset and a proprietary pump dataset, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed solutions, and show that i) SRS can help point to the sensors relevant for a fault, ii) large unlabeled data can be used to pre-train an RNNbased fault detector in an unsupervised manner in sparselylabeled scenarios, and iii) a purely unsupervised approach for fault detection (e.g. based on RNN-autoencoders) may not suffice when the number of sensors being monitored is large while the signature for fault is present in only a small subset of sensors.
Effect of leaf position on the distribution of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity among green and red lettuce cultivars

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in consumption of red fruits and vegetables due to its rich dietary sources of antioxidant, phenolics and anthocyanins. In this study, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of green and red lettuce cultivars were studied. Particularly, the effect of leaf position on these properties was compared. Eight conventionally grown cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), with four green (Fonseca, Freckles, Krizet and Filipus) and four red (Versai, Nation, Paradai and Cherokee) cultivars were studied. Their leaves were divided into three groups; outer, middle and inner part. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of each group of leaves was assessed by both trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Leaf color, total soluble solids, total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanin (TACY), chlorophyll a and b were determined. The results demonstrated that outer leaves have the highest phytonutrient content and antioxidant properties. Outer leaves exhibited significantly higher TP and TAC than middle and inner leaves in both red and green color lettuce. The average TP content of red lettuce were 845, 297 and 195 µg gallic acid equivalent per gram fresh weight in the outer, middle and inner leaves, respectively. Also TAC of outer leaves was significantly higher than middle and inner leaves in both red and green color lettuce. The magnitude of difference between red and green cultivars was significant as determined by both TEAC and FRAP methods.
Ethnic and racial disparities in saving behavior

Using data of households approaching retirement in the U.S., I perform quantile decompositions of the Whites’ differences in saving rates with Mexican Americans (ethnic gap) and with African Americans (racial gap). The gaps are small at the bottom half of the distribution and widen at the top, especially those resulting from changes in asset prices (passive savings). Differences in observable factors account for the entire gaps at lower quantiles, but some unexplained racial gap remains at higher quantiles. Thus, racial wealth inequality could be partly attributable to differences in the distributions of saving rates conditional on socio-economic characteristics. Income is the main contributor to the active savings gaps, and education is more important for passive savings. Including retirement assets, the racial but not the ethnic gap in total saving rates disappears. The results suggest that reducing disparities in income, education and pension savings would help to reduce wealth inequality between minorities, particularly Mexican Americans, and Whites.
University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository

Soil carbon, a major component of the global carbon inventory, has significant potential for change with changing climate and human land use. We applied the Century ecosystem model to a series of forest and grassland sites distributed globally to examine large-scale controls over soil carbon. Key site-specific parameters influencing soil carbon dynamics are soil texture and foliar lignin content; accordingly, we perturbed these variables at each site to establish a range of carbon concentrations and turnover times. We examined the simulated soil carbon stores, turnover times, and C:N ratios for correlations with patterns of independent variables. Results showed that soil carbon is related linearly to soil texture, increasing as clay content increases, that soil carbon stores and turnover time are related to mean annual temperature by negative exponential functions, and that heterotrophic respiration originates from recent detritus (~50%), microbial turnover (~30%), and soil organic matter (~20%) with modest variations between forest and grassland ecosystems. The effect of changing temperature on soil organic carbon (SOC) estimated by Century is
Magnetic nanoparticles: a subject for both fundamental research and applications

Single domain magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been a vivid subject of intense research for the last fifty years. Preparation of magnetic nanoparticles and nanostructures has been achieved by both bottom-up and top-down approaches. Single domain MNPs show Neel-Brown-like relaxation. The Stoner-Wohlfarth model describes the angular dependence of the switching of the magnetization of a single domain particle in applied magnetic fields. By varying the spacing between the particles, the interparticle interactions can be tuned. This leads to various supermagnetic states such as superparamagnetism, superspin glass, and superferromagnetism. Recently, the study of the magnetization dynamics of such single domain MNPs has attracted particular attention, and observations of various collective spin wave modes in patterned nanomagnet arrays have opened new avenues for on-chip microwave communications. MNPs have the potential for various other applications such as future recording media and in medicine. We will discuss the various aspects involved in the research on MNPs.
A NEW FORMULA FOR PARTITIONS IN A SET OF ENTITIES INTO EMPTY AND NONEMPTY SUBSETS,AND ITS APPLICATION TO STOCHASTIC AND AGENT-BASED COMPUTATIONAL MODELS

In combinatorics, a Stirling number of the second kind S (n,k) is the number of ways to partition a set of n objects into k nonempty subsets. The empty subsets are also added in the models presented in the article in order to describe properly the absence of the corresponding type i of state in the system, i.e. when its “share” Pi =0 . Accordingly, a new equation for partitions P (N, m) in a set of entities into both empty and nonempty subsets was derived. The indistinguishableness of particles (N identical atoms or molecules) makes only sense within a cluster (subset) with the size 0≤ni ≥N. The first-order phase transition is indeed the case of transitions, for example in the simplest interpretation, from completely liquid state typeL = {n1 =N, n2 = 0} to the completely crystalline state typeC= {n1 =0, n2 = N }. These partitions are well distinguished from the physical point of view, so they are ‘typed’ differently in the model. Finally, the present developments in the physics of complex systems, in particular the structural relaxation of super-cooled liquids and glasses, are discussed by using such stochastic cluster-based models.
No . 11-010 Vertical Integration and Market Structure

Contractual theories of vertical integration derive firm boundaries as an efficient response to market transaction costs. These theories predict a relationship between underlying features of transactions and observed integration decisions. There has been some progress in testing these predictions, but less progress in quantifying their importance. One difficulty is that empirical applications often must consider firm structure together with industry structure. Research in industrial organization frequently has adopted this perspective, emphasizing how scale and scope economies, and strategic considerations, influence patterns of industry integration. But this research has paid less attention to contractual or organizational details, so that these two major lines of research on vertical integration have proceeded in parallel with only rare intersection. We discuss the value of combining different viewpoints from organizational economics and industrial organization. JEL classification numbers: D23, L14, L22. * Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305; email: tbres@stanford.edu, jdlevin@stanford.edu. This paper was prepared for the Handbook of Organizational Economics. We thank the editors, Robert Gibbons and John Roberts, for helpful comments and discussions, and the Ewing Marian Kauffman Foundation (Bresnahan) and the National Science Foundation (Levin) for their support.
Behavioral biases in marketing

Psychology and economics (together known as behavioral economics) are two prominent disciplines underlying many theories in marketing. The extensive marketing literature documents consumers’ nonrational behavior even though behavioral biases might not always be consistently termed or formally described. In this review, we identify and synthesize empirical research on behavioral biases in marketing. We document the key findings according to three classes of deviations (i.e., nonstandard preferences, nonstandard beliefs, and nonstandard decision making) and the four phases of consumer purchase decision making (i.e., need recognition, pre-purchase, purchase, and post-purchase). Our organizing framework allows us to (1) synthesize instructive marketing papers in a concise and meaningful manner and (2) identify connections and differences within and across categories in both dimensions. In our review, we discuss specific implications for management and avenues for future research.
Concatenated Diversity System for Bandwidth Efficient Communication of Flight Type Air Node in Unstable Channel Environments

In this paper, we propose a concatenated diversity system to assure the data transmission reliability between flight type air nodes which move according to their atypical orbit, then its performance is analyzed using computer simulation and it is designed with hdl. The proposed system cannot only improve a bandwidth efficient and coding gain from diversity TCM code but also the reliability of data transmission is high. From the computer simulation result about bit error rate(BER) of the proposed system, we confirm that its BER performance is about 11dB greater than TCM code at and about 11dB greater than space time block code at which has a full diversity gain. In addition, when we compare its BER performance with space time trellis code which has both a diversity gain and a coding gain, the performance of the proposed system is greater than about 1.5dB at . Lastly, after designing the proposed system with HDL, we can confirm that the operation result is correct.
Effects of Copper Toxicity on Soil Microbial Biomass

The wide utilization of copper in agriculture and industrial processes in addition to many other uses associated with human activities causes both point and non-point source pollution of the environment with copper. Although copper is relatively non-toxic to mammals and essential micronutrient necessary for a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic metabolic activities, is toxic to all organisms if present in elevated concentrations. Copper pollution in agricultural posing soils can adversely affect the living part of soil organic matter serious threat to sustained food and fiber production.
Variable Renewable Energy in Modeling Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios

This paper addresses the issue of how to account for short‐term temporal variability of renewable energy sources and power demand in long‐term climate change mitigation scenarios in energy‐economic models. An approach that captures in a stylized way the major challenges to the integration of variable renewable energy sources into power systems has been developed. As a first application this approach has been introduced to REMIND‐D, a hybrid energy‐economy model of Germany. An approximation of the residual load duration curve is implemented. The approximating function endogenously changes depending on the penetration and mix of variable renewable power. The approach can thus be used to account for variability and correlations between different sources of renewable supply and power demand within the intertemporal optimization of long‐term (energy system) investment decisions in climate change mitigation scenarios. Moreover, additional constraints are introduced to account for flexibility requirements concerning load‐ following and ancillary services. The parameterization is validated with MICOES a highly resolved dispatch model. Model results show that significant changes are induced when the new residual load duration curve methodology is implemented. With variability, scenarios show that the German power sector is no longer fully decarbonized because natural gas combined‐cycle plants are built to complement renewable energy generation. The mitigation costs increase by about 20% compared to a model version in which variability is not taken into account. JEL classification code: Q42, Q54
Rice Fields Chemical and Physical Properties and the Implications on Breeding Strategies

Soil related constraints are major limiting factors in crop production in the Sahel. The objective of this study was to assess the properties of farmer’s fields soil and irrigation water in Niger and the implications in rice improvement. Composite soil samples were collected from irrigated and non-irrigated fields. Sample of irrigation water was also collected. Physical and chemical analyses were performed in the laboratory. The results showed that most of rice fields were clayey and the non irrigated ones were mostly sandy. The soils were acidic and saline, the electrical conductivity ranged from 2.2 to 16.5 decisiemens per meter. The T-test showed that total dissolved salt, sodium adsorption ratio, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter percentage were significantly higher in irrigated fields than non-irrigated fields. The irrigated soils pH varied from 3.2 to 6.8, the electrical conductivity was greater than 4, and the sodium adsorption ratio was below 13 while the exchangeable sodium percentage was below 15. The irrigation water samples varied in term of ion content from site to site. The total sodium quantity estimated to be deposited varied from 87 kg/ha/year to 218 kg/ha/year. Rice fields’ soils are saline and are getting worsened by irrigation water that contains salt. Therefore, the development of rice varieties that could withstand osmotic and ionic salt stress is necessary for sustainable production in the Sahel ecozone.
A Visualization Method of Relationships among Topics in a Series of Meetings

In this paper, we present a visualization method of relationships among topics in a series of meetings. This method is an extension of the previous work: "A Topic Structuration Method for a Meeting from Text Data. " The previous work is aimed at analysis of a single meeting, on the other hand, the proposed method is aimed at analysis of multiple meetings. Several meetings that belong to a single project might have common topics. Our visualization method helps us to find these common topics. In addition, the meetings might have isolated topics. Our method also helps to find them. This visualization is useful for review of meetings. We present a preliminary experiment. In the experiment, we show an analysis results of four actual meetings that belong to a single project.
Short Communication Association of the occurrence of some diseases with reproductive performance and milk production of dairy herds in southern Brazil

This study analyzed associations between the occurrence of mastitis, metritis and retained placenta with the reproductive performance and milk production of four Holstein dairy herds of southern Brazil. Calving-to-conception intervals (CCI) and daily milk production were compared across herds, number of artificial inseminations and clinical occurrences and occurrence of mastitis, metritis and retained placenta. The CCI of cows with three or more clinical occurrences was longer than for those with no occurrences, but shorter for cows with retained placenta than for those without it. Cows with clinical mastitis up to 60 days post-partum had shorter CCI than those with mastitis after 60 days. Cows with retained placenta also had higher frequency of metritis. The daily milk production was higher for cows with three or more clinical occurrences than for those with one or none and for those without retained placenta than for those with retained placenta. A high number of clinical occurrences was related to prolonged CCI and increased daily milk production.
Theory and observations of magnetic islands

Magnetic islands are a ubiquitous feature of magnetically confined plasmas. They arise as the result of plasma instabilities as well as externally imposed symmetry-breaking perturbations. In the core, effective suppression techniques have been developed. Even thin islands, however, are observed to have nonlocal effects on the profiles of rotation and current. This has stimulated interest in using magnetic islands to control plasma transport, particularly in the edge. They are also of interest as a tool to improve our understanding of microscopic plasma dynamics.
Overexpression of Chemokine Receptors on Neural Stem Cells Pretreated with Valproic acid: Towards Improved Homing

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have considerable capacity for self-renewing and also ability for generating neurons in the mammalian brain. However, one of the big challenges is the migration and targeted homing of transplanted NSCs into the injured site to treat neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer ́s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brain ischemia (BI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). To improve homing capacity, pretreatment of NSCs with Valproic acid (VPA), which is supposed to cause diverse effects on migration ability of NSCs, is a strategy. More recently, hind brain and olfactory bulbs have been introduced as a good source of NSCs. So, NSCs were isolated from these two sources of postnatal day 1 (PND1) rats. These isolated cells were characterized by expressing neuronal markers such as Nestin and Sox2. The expression of four selected chemokine receptors (CXCR4, CXCR6, CCR1 and CCR7), which are important effectors in homing of stem cells, was investigated. It is concluded that VPA treatment enhances NSCs migration and homing showing its potential to be applied for cell-based therapies.
Top Management Support of SISP: Creating Competitive Advantage with Information Technology

Top management’s support for the IS function impacts the success of SISP and is especially vital to information intensive firms. Use of information technology in the electric utility industry is noteworthy because of the transitioning of the electric utility industry into a deregulated, more competitive environment. A strong relationship is hypothesized between top management support for SISP and the strategic use of IS. The relationship is expected to be stronger among electrics. A survey of CIOs and other members of top management from 161 companies, including 21 responses from electric utilities, reveals that top management’s support of SISP does influence the use of IS for competitive advantage and supports study hypotheses.