Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tromboembolia pulmonar, un enfoque multidisciplinario

Pulmonary embolism (PE) it's a pathological state secondary to thrombus formation in venous system, which migrate and embolized to pulmonary branches; depending on patient age, pulmonary localization and size of thrombus, time of evolution; and acute problems like trauma or adverse clinical conditions; all of them are principals index of morbidity and mortality which will have patients with PE event; this illness is one of the three principal causes of cardiovascular dead in our population, in fact it's very important to have a multidisciplinary boarding, even to opportune diagnosis based on clinical principles, to identify differential diagnosis including hematological evaluation looking for prothrombotic statements, identifying risk factors as much as transitorily like permanent conditions, utility of non invasive studies like transthoracic echocardiogram and it's different modalities, seric markers, which could bring us therapeutic strategies with best prognostic purposes as a individualized way, taking care to exclusively medical treatment, indication of different thrombolytic strategies, customary and alternative doses, use of interven- tional technology as vena cava temporal or permanent filters, thrombus fragmentation and extraction devices and surgical techniques like pulmonary endarterectomy; looking also to chronic ambulatory management and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation concepts.
The Efficacy of 3rd Generation Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Chemoprevention

Background: Currently, tamoxifen and raloxifene are the only FDA-approved and USPSTF recommended pharmacologic treatments for breast cancer chemoprevention in high-risk postmenopausal women. Despite their widely recognized efficacy at reducing the incidence of breast cancer, the risk of potentially significant adverse effects may limit patient allocation. Consequently, research on the efficacy of thirdgeneration aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as breast cancer preventives has emerged, especially since their value as adjuvant and combination therapy for breast cancer is well-established. The safety profile of anastrozole and exemestane potentially provide an appealing alternative to postmenopausal patients with a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Studies have successfully demonstrated the efficacy of AIs at reducing the incidence breast cancer, and further research will help to validate the FDA-approval of AIs for this indication. Methods: An exhaustive search of medical literature included MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the National Institute of Health Clinical Trials using the key words: aromatase inhibitors, anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane, and chemoprevention. Relevant articles were critically appraised and GRADE was used for qualitative assessment. Results: An extensive literary search rendered 262 relevant articles from January 2000 to February 2014. After screening several articles, two randomized control trials met inclusion criteria. The NIH clinical trials site yielded 36 results, and one trial met inclusion criteria. The LIBER trial, listed under NCT00673335, is in Phase III with a predicted completion date of February 2017. Conclusion: Third generation AIs, such as anastrozole and exemestane, are very effective at reducing the incidence of invasive breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, and certain tumors in high-risk postmenopausal women. Although both AIs demonstrate adverse effects, their overall safety profiles may be more favorable than other pharmacologic chemoprevention alternatives. More research, larger scale studies, and a longer follow-up after concluding treatment will be valuable to the prospective FDAapproval of AIs in breast cancer prevention.
Infecciones en implantología: De la profilaxis al tratamiento

espanolDesde la introduccion de los tratamientos con implantes osteointegrados, la evolucion de la Odontologia y en especial la de la parte encargada de la reposicion prostodoncica de los dientes perdidos ha sufrido una inimaginable evolucion, hasta limites tales que el viejo concepto de �restitutio ad integrum� se ha hecho casi posible. Los tratamientos con implantes tienen un importante porcentaje de exitos que se ha llegado a cifrar entre un 95 y 99%, segun diferentes casuisticas, pero hay otro numero de casos en los que el fracaso es una realidad, y es dificil incluso saber cuales son las causa de ello. Al realizarse tanto la insercion de los implantes, como el desarrollo de su funcion ulterior en un medio septico tal y como es la cavidad bucal, el componente microbiologico juega un importante papel, al favorecer y facilitar las infecciones implantarias. Estudiaremos en este trabajo las infecciones en Implantologia, referidas a cuatro etapas del tratamiento: Infecciones previas del area implantaria; Infecciones periquirurgicas; Infecciones postquirurgicas graves; Enfermedad periimplantaria. EnglishSince the introduction of osseointegrated implant treatment, odontology, and in particular the area of prosthodontic replacement of lost teeth, has evolved in an unimaginable way, to the extent that the age-old idea of �restitutio ad integrum� has almost become possible. Implant treatment has a high success rate that has been rated as high as 95 to 99%, according to different casuists, but there is another group of cases in which implants fail, and in fact it is hard to know the causes of such failures. The microbiological component plays an important role in encouraging and facilitating implant infection during implant placement, and also later when the implant is in function in the mouth, which is a septic medium. In this paper we will study infections in implantology, classified according to the treatment phase: Infection prior to the implant; Peri-surgical infection; Severe post-surgical infection; Peri-implant disease.
Medida de la posición 3d de los cables de contacto que alimentan a los trenes de tracción eléctrica mediante visión

En esta tesis se propone un sistema de medidas de la posicion de los cables de contacto que alimentan los trenes de traccion electrica, con el objetivo de detectar posibles anomalias en la distribucion geometrica de los mismos y con ello evitar el deterioro de los propios cables y del pantografo. El funcionamiento general del sistema propuesto, se basa en la emision estructurada de un haz de luz laser en el espectro infrarrojo cercano y la capitacion de las imagenes donde se vea la interseccion del plano laser con el cable de contacto. A partir de la captura con una camara de alta velocidad y el procesamiento de las imagenes se determinan, mediante tecnicas de triangulacion, las coordenadas 3D de dichos puntos de interseccion. En la tesis, primeramente se realiza una caracterizacion de los elementos que conforman el sistema sensor de posicion 3D (camara matricial y laser). Se hace un estuido sobre la resolucion en las medidas en funcion del posicionamiento de la camara y del laser, y sobre los errores que se comenten en las medidas debido a pequenas variaciones en la geometria camara-laser. En sistema sensor sera instalado en un vehiculo que se movera a velocidades elevadas, y estara sometido a vibraciones, se realiza un estuido de la influencia de estas en las medidas de la posicion 3D de los cables de contacto y se propone una solucion para reducir sus efectos.
Predicting performance of ground delay programs

Models are proposed to estimate the performance of Ground Delay Programs as air traffic management initiatives. We apply Random Forest and Gradient-Boosted Forest regression techniques within the context of Geographically Weighted Regression. We estimate both the mean and 90 percentile responses for two performance indicators: average arrival delay and the number of cancelled arrivals. Keywords-ground delay program; delay prediction; air traffic
Normalization and Family Functioning in Families with a Child who is Technology Dependent

by VALERIE A. BOEBEL TOLY The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child/maternal factors (child’s functional status, level of technology dependence, mother’s depressive symptoms, length of caregiving duration, amount of home health care nursing hours, race, family income and age of the child) and (a) family functioning, as well as (b) normalization in families with a child who is technology dependent. Additionally, this study examined whether there are differences in family functioning, normalization and mother’s depressive symptoms based upon the child’s level of technology dependence (mechanical ventilation, intravenous nutrition/medication, respiratory/nutritional support). A descriptive, correlational design was used in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Functional Status II-Revised, Center for Epidemiological StudiesDepression, Feetham Family Functioning Survey and a subscale of the Normalization Scale in face-to-face interviews. Mothers of 103 children who are technology dependent and living at home comprised the sample. The sample of mothers aged 21-66 years were 73% Caucasian and 27% women of color, who cared for their technology dependent child aged 7 months-16 years; 73% received solely respiratory/nutritional support. Pearson
Protein Kinases at the Intersection of Translation and Virulence

As free living organisms, fungi are challenged with a variety of environmental insults that threaten their cellular processes. In some cases, these challenges mimic conditions present within mammals, resulting in the accidental selection of virulence factors over evolutionary time. Be it within a host or the soil, fungi must contend with environmental challenges through the production of stress effector proteins while maintaining factors required for viability in any condition. Initiation and upkeep of this balancing act is mainly under the control of kinases that affect the propensity and selectivity of protein translation. This review will focus on kinases in pathogenic fungi that facilitate a virulence phenotype through translational control.
Recurrence Resonance” in Three-Neuron Motifs

Stochastic Resonance (SR) and Coherence Resonance (CR) are non-linear phenomena, in which an optimal amount of noise maximizes an objective function, such as the sensitivity for weak signals in SR, or the coherence of stochastic oscillations in CR. Here, we demonstrate a related phenomenon, which we call “Recurrence Resonance” (RR): noise can also improve the information flux in recurrent neural networks. In particular, we show for the case of three-neuron motifs with ternary connection strengths that the mutual information between successive network states can be maximized by adding a suitable amount of noise to the neuron inputs. This striking result suggests that noise in the brain may not be a problem that needs to be suppressed, but indeed a resource that is dynamically regulated in order to optimize information processing.
Psicopatía en niños y adolescentes: modelos, teorías y últimas investigaciones

La mayoria de las investigaciones realizadas en torno a la psicopatia se ha llevado a cabo sobre poblacion adulta. Es importante centrarnos en el estudio de la psicopatia en ninos para entender mejor la evolucion de este trastorno. En este articulo se hace una breve revision de las aportaciones desde la psicologia, en las que se ve que el rasgo de insensibilidad emocional esta muy relacionado con la presencia de un comportamiento antisocial y trastornos de conducta; por lo tanto, es un factor relevante en el desarrollo de la psicopatia. Asimismo, se hace una revision de las aportaciones desde la neurociencia, en las que nos encontramos una respuesta reducida de la amigdala en los jovenes con presencia del rasgo de insensibilidad emocional y puntuaciones elevadas en psicopatia. Tambien se ha hallado una respuesta anormal en la zona del cortex prefrontal ventromedial. Es importante tener en cuenta estos resultados, ya que las disfunciones que presentan los ninos con caracteristicas psicopaticas hacen muy complicada su socializacion.
The Value of a College Degree. ERIC Digest.

The Value of a College Degree. ERIC Digest. 1 THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION. 2 OTHER BENEFITS OF HIGHER EDUCATION. 2 COLLEGE ATTENDANCE VERSUS COLLEGE COMPLETION.3 CONCLUSION. 3 REFERENCES. 4
Using feedback to promote learning: student and tutor perspectives

This paper summarises a study of students’ and staff perceptions and experiences of assessment feedback practice across a post-1992 university. Phases 1 and 2 of the project gathered students’ and academic colleagues’ views on assessment feedback practice. Focus groups were then carried out with students and one discussion was video recorded for subsequent use in workshops with faculty colleagues. Students’ and staff’s thoughts on issues militating against good assessment feedback practice were gathered, commented on, analysed, and reported back to the faculties. The student focus groups provided interesting insights as to how students perceive and receive feedback which were classified as being related to content, clarity and style. It was established that, with very few exceptions, issues and good practice in assessment feedback can be generalised across disciplines and, in the main, staff and students share their perceptions of what constitutes good assessment feedback.
Modeling Crowded Environment in Molecular Simulations

Biomolecules perform their various functions in living cells, namely in an environment that is crowded by many macromolecules. Thus, simulating the dynamics and interactions of biomolecules should take into account not only water and ions but also other binding partners, metabolites, lipids and macromolecules found in cells. In the last decade, research on how to model macromolecular crowders around proteins in order to simulate their dynamics in models of cellular environments has gained a lot of attention. In this mini-review we focus on the models of crowding agents that have been used in computer modeling studies of proteins and peptides, especially via molecular dynamics simulations.
Rate of mortality for elderly patients after fracture of the hip in the 1980's

At an average follow-up of 2.1 years, we reviewed the records of 241 patients who had had a fracture of the hip. The average age of the patients was 75.4 years. The rate of mortality one year after the fracture was 21.6 per cent for the total group, 8.0 per cent for the low-risk group, and 49.4 per cent for the high-risk group. The standard mortality ratio was six times higher for the high-risk group than for the general population (individuals who did not have a fracture), matched for age. It was highest for patients who were less than seventy years old and lowest for those who were older than eighty. However, in the second year after the fracture, the standard mortality ratio approached unity--that is, the rate of mortality approached that of the general population. The results suggest that there is an inverse relationship between mortality and advanced age and that the impact of a fracture of the hip on mortality is seen primarily in the first year after injury.
Vemurafenib for patients with BRAF V600E mutation positive advanced/metastatic melanoma

Metastatic melanoma has a poor prognosis with a median survival for patients with stage IV melanoma ranging from 6 to 9 months and a 3-year survival rate of only 10-15%. Generally, metastatic melanoma is difficult to treat, because advanced melanomas are refractory to most standard systemic therapies and therapeutic options are limited. Vemurafenib, a kinase which also inhibits the BRAF V600E mutation, is one in a series of BRAF-kinase inhibitors and is indicated for patients with BRAF V600E mutation positive advanced/metastatic unresectable melanoma. It is currently not approved by the EMA, but approval was recommended by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of EMA as first-in-class treatment for metastatic or unresectable melanoma in December 2011. The approval is expected in February 2012. In the US, the FDA granted market authorization based on the (ongoing) BRIM-3 study in August 2011. The BRIM-3 study, a phase III trial, evaluated vemurafenib in comparison to dacarbazine, in previously untreated patients. Improved results for progression-free survival (i.e. a gain of 3.7 months for patients treated with vemurafenib), were found, but no reliable OS data are available, since cross-over was allowed after an interim-analysis. About one third of patients treated with vemurafenib develop – as a side effect – squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. The assessment was carried out in collaboration with the Italian Horizon Scanning project ULSS 20.
Vastus Lateralis Architecture Changes During Pregnancy – A Longitudinal Study

While the incidence of falls has been described to increase with pregnancy, the mechanism behind this is unclear. Pregnancy associated changes in lower extremity muscle strength could be a possible factor influencing injury risk. Thus, the aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate muscle strength and architectural properties of the lower limbs in different stages of pregnancy and postpartum. In nineteen pregnant women (30 ± 4 years) and fifteen non-pregnant controls (28 ± 4 years) muscle strength and architectural properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were assessed combining dynamometry, ultrasound, kinematic, and electromyographic measurements. Body mass and body composition were determined using bioimpedance analysis. In the pregnant women, the measurements were conducted in the 16 ± 4th (EP) and 29 ± 4th week of pregnancy (LP) as well as in the 32 ± 9th week postpartum (PP). Muscle thickness and pennation angle of the fascicles significantly increased at LP, while muscle strength remained constant during and after pregnancy. Body mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, intracellular and extracellular water also peaked at LP. Postpartum values did not differ from the controls. Changes in the muscle properties were not related to changes in body mass and body composition. Conditions during pregnancy promote changes in the vastus lateralis architecture indicating muscle hypertrophy. However, pregnancy did not increase muscle strength while body mass progressively increases. Therefore, in the event of balance perturbations pregnant women may not be able to meet the requirements for the increased physical demand.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress may be involved in insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders of the white adipose tissues induced by high-fat diet containing industrial trans-fatty acids

Background Consumption of industrially produced trans-fatty acids (iTFAs) can result in alteration to lipid profile and glucose metabolism. Moreover, a diet high in iTFAs could increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glucose and lipid metabolism are closely linked in white adipose tissue (WAT), yet the underlying mechanisms of the effect of iTFAs in WAT are poorly understood. Materials and methods Parameters of glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of WAT were measured in rats maintained on a high-fat diet containing margarine (HFD-M) (n=10) compared to controls maintained on standard chow (n=10) over 16 weeks. Results Fat mass and body weight was significantly increased in rats maintained on the HFD-M compared to controls (P<0.01). HFD-M rats had increased levels of insulin (INS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and serum lipid profile was significantly altered. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were significantly increased in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal adipose depots of HFD-M-fed rats. In vitro, wider ER lumens were observed in 100μmol/L elaidic acid (EA)-treated human mature adipocytes. We observed activation of ER stress markers, impaired INS receptor signaling and increased lipogenesis in adipocytes after EA exposure. These effects could be alleviated by inhibiting ER stress in adipocytes in vitro. Conclusion Collectively these data suggest that ER stress may be involved in INS resistance and lipid metabolism disorders induced by high-fat diet containing iTFAs. These findings suggest that WAT could be regarded as a key target organ for inhibiting ER stress to reverse the impaired INS receptor signaling, alleviate lipid metabolism disorders, and provide a novel approach to prevent and treat INS resistance and dyslipidemia-related chronic diseases such as T2MD and CVDs.
Cord Blood Metabolomics: Association With Newborn Anthropometrics and C-Peptide Across Ancestries.

CONTEXT Newborn adiposity is associated with childhood obesity. Cord blood metabolomics is one approach that can be used to understand early-life contributors to adiposity and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of cord blood metabolites with newborn adiposity and hyperinsulinemia in a multiethnic cohort of newborns. DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study. PARTICIPANTS One thousand six hundred multiethnic mother-newborn pairs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Cord blood C-peptide, birthweight, and newborn sum of skinfolds. RESULTS Meta-analyses across four ancestry groups (Afro-Caribbean, Northern European, Thai, and Mexican American) demonstrated significant associations of cord blood metabolites with cord blood C-peptide, birthweight, and newborn sum of skinfolds. Several metabolites, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, nonesterified fatty acids, and triglycerides were negatively associated with cord C-peptide but positively associated with birthweight and/or sum of skinfolds. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol, an inverse marker of recent maternal glycemia, was significantly inversely associated with birthweight and sum of skinfolds. Network analyses revealed groups of interrelated amino acid, acylcarnitine, and fatty acid metabolites associated with all three newborn outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood metabolites are associated with newborn size and cord blood C-peptide levels after adjustment for maternal body mass index and glucose during pregnancy. Negative associations of metabolites with C-peptide at birth were observed. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol appears to be a marker of adiposity in newborns. BCAAs were individually associated with birthweight and demonstrated possible associations with newborn adiposity in network analyses.
A Review on Software Reliability

Software reliability signifies the probability that software in a pre-defined condition executes its tasks without malfunctioning for a specified duration. It may be regarded as a component of software quality. Unlike software quality, however, it concentrates on the functionality of the software and disregards such issues as ergonomics of software products, development economics, etc. unless they constitute functional attributes of the software product. To most project and software development managers, reliability is equated to correctness, that is, they look to testing and the number of “bugs” found and fixed. While finding and fixing bugs discovered in testing is necessary to assure reliability, a better way is to develop a robust, high quality product through all of the stages of the software lifecycle. That is, the reliability of the delivered code is related to the quality of all of the processes and products of software development; the requirements documentation, the code, test plans, and testing.