Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal-spatial variations of net ecosystem productivity in alpine area of southwestern China

There are various types of ecosystems and complex landform in alpine area of southwestern China,which make it very sensitive to global climate change.Quantifying the spatial and temporal variation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink in this place requires a detailed understanding of carbon exchange between vegetation,soil,and the atmosphere.A process-based biogeochemical model CEVSA(Carbon Exchange between Vegetation,Soil,and the Atmosphere) was used to estimate temporal and spatial variations of net ecosystem production(NEP) in alpine area of southwestern China from 1954 to 2010.In this study,the set of independent environmental variables to run the model consisted of climate(ten days mean value of temperature,precipitation,relative humidity,cloudiness),atmospheric CO2 concentration,soil and vegetation types at a spatial resolution of 0.1°. We first ran CEVSA model with average climate data during the period 1954—2010 until an ecological equilibrium was reached,then made dynamic simulations from 1954 to 2010 with transient changes in climate at a time-step of ten days.To achieve the results,various kinds of computer software were applied,such as ANUSPLIN4.1,Arcgis9.3,SPSS18.0,Fortran 90.The results showed:(1)The mean value of NEP was 29.7 g C · m-2 · a-1 during the period 1954—2010 in alpine area of southwestern China,with higher NEP in the evergreen needle-leaved and evergreen broadleaved tree cover at low altitude and lower NEP in herbaceous cover at high altitude of study area. (2) Annual total NEP ranged from-8.36 to 29.4 Tg C/a with a mean value of 15.4 Tg C/a.NEP showed a statistically significant decreasing trend with a reduction rate of 0.187 Tg C/a(P0.05) during the period 1954—2010 and the significant decreasing area of NEP accounted for 35.2%(P0.05). The decreasing trend was highly significant in herbaceous cover(-0.526 g C · m-2 · a-2,P0.01) and evergreen needle-leaved tree cover(-0.691 g C · m-2 · a-2,P0.01). (3)Annual total NEP was significantly negatively correlated with annual mean temperature(AMT)(r=-0.454,P0.01) and positively correlated with annual total precipitation(ATP)(r=0.708,P0.01). The negative correlation(P0.05) of annual NEP and AMT existed in 60.3% of the study region while the positive correlation(P0.05) of annual NEP with ATP existed in 52.1% of the study region,respectively.Herbaceous cover and evergreen needle-leaved tree cover as the two main vegetation types in study area were both correlated negatively with AMT(r=-0.603,P0.01;r=-0.485,P0.01) and positively with ATP(r=0.554,P0.01;r=0.749,P0.01),reaching an extremely remarkable level. (4)Alpine area of southwestern China acted as a carbon sink,however,a small fraction of terrestrial ecosystems here shifted from carbon sinks into carbon sources in recent 20 years,for that the NPP(net primary production) growth rate was less than that of the soil HR(heterotrophic respiration). These estimates indicate that the carbon sequestration capacity in alpine area of southwestern China was weakened by the ongoing climate change.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Immunology of Renal Cell Cancer

There is evidence that renal cell carcinoma can alter the host immunologic system in several modalities. Diagnostic immunologic monitoring techniques reviewed in this report include delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction (DCHR), absolute peripheral lymphocyte count (APLC), lymphocyte mitogen response (LMR), T-lymphocyte population (erythrocyte rosette), microcytotoxicity assay, in vitro monocyte chemotaxis, and serum blocking factors. Therapeutic immunologic modalities include xenogeneic immune ribonucleic acid (RNA), Intradermal BCG, preoperative transcatheter renal artery embolization, immune plasma transfusion, transfer factor, and polymerized autologous tumor. Renal cell carcinoma has shown evidence of altering the host immunologic system in several modalities. Attempts to monitor the stage of the cancer as well as to alter its immunologic suppression have met with some encouraging results. Diagnostic immunologic monitoringtechniques include delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction (DCHR), absolute peripheral lymphocyte count (APLC), lymphocyte mitogen response (LMR), Tlymphocyte populat ion (erythrocyte rosette), microcytotoxicity assay, in vitro monocyte chemotaxis, and serum blocking factors.
The biological dynamics of tropical rainforest fragments A prospective comparison of fragments and continuous forest

Richard 0. Bierregaard Jr. is director of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560; his research focuses on avian community structure in Amazonian rainforests, particularly the responses of such communities to forest fragmentation. Thomas E. Lovejoy is the Assistant Secretary for External Affairs of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560. Valerie Kapos is a research associate in the Department of Botany, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom and at the University of North Wales; her research is on water and nutrient relations and phenology of tropical deciduous trees and edge effects on environment and plant responses. Angelo Augusto dos Santos is the coordinator for international cooperation at Brazil's National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and the Brazilian co-principal investigator of BDFFP at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560; his research focuses on the structure and ecology of tropical rainforest fragments. Roger W. Hutchings is the field director of BDFFP, Ecologia/V-8, INPA, C.P. 478, 69.011 Manaus, AM, Brazil; his research interests include butterflies in tropical forest fragments and adjacent continuous forest, botanical ecology, and general conservation biology of tropical rainforests. A mosaic of small
A Model of Competition between Trees and Grass for Radiation, Water and Nutrients

Conditions for the coexistence of trees and grass are explored using a mathematical model describing plant competition for radiation, water and nutrients. The model describes growth of both species in terms of key physiological processes (radiation interception, photosynthesis, respiration, grazing, litterfall, assimilate partitioning, nutrient uptake and water use) and is used to analyse how species compete by depriving each other of resources essential for growth. Changes of growth parameters are shown to lead to shifts in species composition (e.g. through replacement of one species by another).
ERBB Family Mutation in Breast and Lung Cancer

Background The oncogenic potential of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinase genes was discovered upon identi ﬁ cation of the V-erb-B oncogene of the avian erythroblastosis virus as a fragment of a cellular gene orthologous to the human EGF receptor gene ( EGFR ) (1). v-erb-B was furthermore found to encode a truncated version of EGFR , lacking the extracellular ligand binding domain but retaining a constitutively active kinase domain. A second oncogene in the ERBB family, ERBB2 or neu , was uncovered by analysis of transforming genes created by treatment of rats with the mutagen ethylnitrosourea. In this case, ERBB2 was rendered oncogenic by a single point mutation in the transmembrane domain, encoding V663E in rats and corresponding to V659E in humans (2).
Hand and Wrist Injuries in Men’s and Women’s National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball

Background: Hand and wrist injuries (HWIs) are common in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball players and can negatively affect performance. There is limited literature available on this topic. Purpose: To open a discussion on prevention strategies and encourage future research on HWIs in basketball athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: HWIs sustained by male and female NCAA basketball players during the 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years and reported to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) database were utilized to characterize the epidemiology thereof. Rates and distributions of HWIs were identified within the context of mechanism of injury, injury recurrence, and time lost from sport. Results: Over the 5-year period, 81 HWIs in women and 171 HWIs in men were identified through the NCAA-ISP database. These were used to estimate 3515 HWIs nationally in women’s basketball athletes and 7574 HWIs nationally in men’s basketball athletes. The rate of HWIs in women was 4.20 per 10,000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and in men was 7.76 per 10,000 AEs, making men 1.85 times more likely to sustain HWIs compared with women. In men, HWIs were 3.31 times more likely to occur in competition compared with practice, while in women, HWIs were 2.40 times more likely to occur in competition than in practice. Based on position, guards, both men and women, were the most likely to suffer HWIs. Conclusion: HWIs were common in collegiate basketball players. Most injuries were new, and the majority of players were restricted from participation for less than 24 hours. Men were more likely to be injured compared with women, and injuries were most common in the setting of competition for both sexes. The majority of injuries was considered minor and did not extensively limit participation; however, prevention and detection remain important for optimal performance.
Brown tumor complicating end-stage kidney disease

Longstanding, severe hyperparathyroidism (HPT) can lead to the formation of “brown tumors”. A brown tumor is a radiolucent bone lesion that is locally destructive; it is not a neoplasm, but rather a stromal mass consisting of fibrous tissue, poorly mineralized woven bone, and supporting vasculature. These tumors are a rare complication of advanced primary or secondary HPT. We present a young female with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis with uncontrolled secondary HPT (SHPT). The patient presented with progressive lower extremity weakness and back pain. CT imaging showed multiple lytic bone lesions involving several ribs and the spine. Subsequent MRI imaging of the thoracic and lumbar spine confirmed expansile bone lesions consistent with brown tumors. One mass protruded into the spinal canal causing severe stenosis at T3 with underlying cord edema. The other lesion at T12 caused only moderate spinal canal stenosis. Our patient underwent urgent neurosurgical resection of the tumor at T3 followed by subtotal parathyroidectomy (PTX).
Integrating Unified Medical Language System and Kleinberg’s Burst Detection Algorithm into Research Topics of Medications for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Background The treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has long been a challenge because the symptoms of PTSD are multifaceted. PTSD is primarily treated with psychotherapy and medication, or a combination of psychotherapy and medication. The present study was designed to analyze the literature on medications for PTSD and explore high-frequency common drugs and low-frequency burst drugs by burst detection algorithm combined with Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and provide references for developing new drugs for PTSD. Methods Publications related to medications for PTSD from 2010 to 2019 were identified through PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and BIOSIS Previews. SemRep and SemRep semantic result processing system were performed to extract the set of drug concepts with therapeutic relationship according to the semantic relationship of UMLS. Kleinberg’s burst detection algorithm was applied to calculate the burst weight index of drug concepts by a Java-based program. These concepts were sorted according to the frequency and the burst weight index. Results Four hundred and fifty-nine treatment-related drug concepts were extracted. The drug with the highest burst weight index was “Psilocybine”, a hallucinogen, which was more likely to be a hotspot for the pharmacotherapy of PTSD. The highest frequency concept was “prazosin”, which was more likely to be the focus of research in the medications for PTSD. Conclusion The present study assessed the medication-related literature on PTSD treatment, providing a framework of burst words detection-based method, a baseline of information for future research and the new attempt for the discovery of textual knowledge. The bibliometric analysis based on the burst detection algorithm combined with UMLS has shown certain feasibility in amplifying the microscopic changes of a specific research direction in a field, it can also be used in other aspects of disease and to explore the trends of various disciplines.
Identification of P-Rex1 in the Regulation of Liver Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration via HGF/c-Met/Akt Pathway

Background Rho-GTPases and their activators, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), are increasingly being recognized as essential mediators of oncogenic signaling. Although it is known that P-Rex1, a member of the Dbl family of GEFs for the Rac small GTPase, contributes to the migration of cancer cells, its exact role in liver cancer and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Materials and Methods Public datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and clinical liver cancer samples were analyzed to explore the expression of P-Rex1. P-Rex1 knockdown and overexpression cell lines were established using a recombinant lentiviral transfection system. BrdU and colony formation assays were performed to determine cell viability. Migratory capacity was analyzed using a transwell migration assay and an in vitro wound-healing assay. Nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenograft tumors were established to determine the effects of P-Rex1 on tumorigenesis in vivo. The role of P-Rex1 in hepatocarcinogenesis was determined through Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation. Results Induced expression of endogenous P-Rex1 was identified in liver cancer tumors when compared with adjacent nonmalignant tissues from clinical data. In response to HGF treatment, P-Rex1-knockdown cells displayed reduced proliferation and migration in vitro as well as reduced xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Overexpression of P-Rex1 promoted liver cancer cell proliferation and migration. P-Rex1 primarily acts as a downstream effector of GPCR signaling. This study demonstrated that downregulation of P-Rex1 led to a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 by reducing the phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met. Furthermore, a physical association between P-Rex1 and c-Met was observed after HGF treatment, suggesting that P-Rex1 may be involved in the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. Conclusion These results support the role of P-Rex1 as a novel player in liver cancer, which suggest that targeting P-Rex1 may provide a potential strategy for liver cancer treatment.
Do penguins share? Evidence of foraging niche segregation between but not within two sympatric, central-place foragers

: Niche theory predicts that sympatric species should differentiate ecologically in order to co-exist and conspecifics will also differentiate to reduce intra-specific competition. As central-place foragers, colonial breeding seabirds represent an ideal model system to test this theory and examine the mechanism of niche segregation. We used GPS-TDlog devices for tracking and diving data and stable isotope analysis to examine patterns of inter- and intra-specific niche segregation among southern rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome and Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus breeding on Isla de los Estados, Argentina, across 3 consecutive breeding seasons. Tracking data indicated strong inter-specific spatial segregation of foraging locations and little overlap. Diving data also highlighted vertical foraging niche segregation as female rockhopper penguins dove deeper than male and female Magellanic penguins. δ 13 C values supported the general pattern of habitat segregation, with lower values for female rockhopper penguins that dove deeper and foraged off the shelf break. Female rockhopper penguins exhibited a lower relative trophic value ( δ 15 N) than male and female Magellanic penguins, consistent with previous dietary studies of both species. These differences likely act to reduce competition between the 2 species during the breeding season, when they are constrained to exploit the resources around their colonies. In contrast, male and female Magellanic penguins shared a similar foraging niche as measured by areas used to forage, dive depths, relative habitat use and trophic values. The lack of sex-specific foraging niche segregation of Magellanic penguins at Isla de los Estados could be related to the availability of food in the area and/or the small population size.
Recombinant Mouse Interferon-γ Is Not Chemotactic for Macrophages or Neutrophils

ABSTRACT Recent evidence implicates interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in resistance to infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. Reports showing that inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils are highly bactericidal for listeria suggest that IFN-γ might act by directly or indirectly causing recruitment of these cells. The purpose of the experiments described here was to test whether recombinant mouse IFN-γ is chemotactic for macrophages or neutrophils in vivo or in vitro. In vivo experiments showed rIFN-γ to have no ability to cause recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils or macrophages into the peritoneal cavities of mice. When tested in vitro, rIFN-γ also did not induce migration of inflammatory neutrophils or macrophages through cellulose nitrate filters in a chemotaxis assay. The data indicate that rIFN-γ has no direct or indirect chemotactic activity in vivo or in vitro for mouse macrophages or neutrophils.
Differences in brand versus generic esmolol in the treatment of perioperative supraventricular tachycardia and hypertension: A pilot study

Background: Once a patent expires, generic analogue drugs are alternatives to brand name drugs. Because bioequivalence/biodistribution problems have been reported for many generic analogue drugs, we prospectively evaluated 31 patients to reveal the differences in the doses used and the efficacy and adverse events of two different intravenous esmolol formulations. Methods: This was a prospective observational pilot study. Our aim was to reveal the possible differences in the required doses between two different formulations (brand name drug vs generic analogue drug) of intravenous esmolol in beats per minute, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in intra- and postoperative patients with supraventricular tachycardia and hypertension. The patients were categorised into two groups according to the medication they received (brand name drug or generic analogue drug). Results: Esmolol was given to 31 patients (16 generic analogue drug and 15 brand name drug). Although there was a statistically significant difference in bolus (mg/kg) and continued (mg/kg/h) drug dose used (brand name drug/generic analogue drug, mean (standard deviation), 0.3 (0.1) vs 0.38 (0.1), p = 0.03 for bolus dose, and 0.22 (0.09) vs 0.29 (0.08) for continued dose at 10 min (p = 0.03), 0.19 (0.06) vs 0.24 (0.05) at 20 min (p = 0.01) and 0.14 (0.05) vs 0.18 (0.05) at 30 min (p = 0.02)), there were no time-related statistical significant differences in the reduction rates of the two drugs (p = 0.47). There were no time-related statistically significant differences between the two groups in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and beats per minute, nor in their adverse events. Conclusion: In this pilot study, smaller doses were given for controlling the patient’s haemodynamics when a brand name drug was used. Because there were no significant time-related differences in the reduction rates of the two drugs nor in any haemodynamic differences between the two groups, optimal titration of the drug used could effectively control the patient’s haemodynamics. The adverse events were also similar in both groups.
The ‘teflon basin’ myth: hydrology and hydrochemistry of a seasonally snow-covered catchment

Background: Snow and ice melt provide sensitive indicators of climate change and serve as the primary source of stream flow in alpine basins. Aims: We synthesise the results of hydrological and hydrochemical studies during the period 1995–2014, building on a long history of earlier work focused on snow and water on Niwot Ridge and the adjacent Green Lakes Valley (GLV), which is part of the Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research site (NWT LTER). Methods: These studies are discussed in the context of how snow, snowmelt and runoff reflect changing local climate. We review recent results of snow, snowmelt, hydrology and hydrochemistry from the plot to the basin scale, utilising new tools such as continuous global positioning system (GPS) measurements of snow depth, along with remotely-sensed measurements of snow-covered area and melt, combined with long-term measurements of snow properties, discharge and solute and isotopic content of water. Results and Conclusions: Surface–groundwater interactions are important components of water quantity and quality in alpine basins. Some or most snowmelt infiltrates underlying soils and bedrock, transporting soil and bedrock products to surface waters. Infiltrating snowmelt, along with increased melt of stored ice, increases the hydrologic connectivity between the terrestrial and aquatic systems. Alpine basins are being impacted by increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition, which has caused changes in soil microbial processes such as nitrification. Nitrate, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen are thus flushed from soils and talus to streams. Our long-term results show that alpine catchments, such as Green Lake 4 at NWT LTER+, have the greatest sensitivity and least resilience to climate warming, with any warming leading to increased water yields.
The Effect of Adiposity on Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels and Loss of Response in Crohn's Disease Patients

INTRODUCTION: A high body mass index is known to adversely affect antitumor necrosis factor-alpha trough levels and secondary loss of response (SLOR) in patients with Crohn's disease. We hypothesize that high levels of adiposity negatively affect these outcomes and aimed to determine if this relationship exists. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 69 patients with Crohn's disease from two tertiary inflammatory bowel disease centers between February 1, 2015, and June 30, 2018. Primary responders to infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab (ADA) who had a trough level performed within 6 months of CT or MRI scan and at least 12 months of clinical follow-up were eligible for inclusion. Body composition as measured on CT/MRI scans were correlated with trough concentration and time SLOR. Multivariate adjustments were made for established risk factors known to affect trough levels and SLOR. RESULTS: Of 69 included patients, 44 (63.8%) and 25 (36.2%) patients received IFX and ADA, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that IFX trough concentrations were inversely correlated with visceral fat area (−0.02 [−0.04, −0.003], P = 0.03), visceral fat index (−0.07 [−0.12, −0.01], P = 0.02) and visceral fat: skeletal muscle area ratio (−3.81 [−7.13, −0.50], P = 0.03), but not body mass index (−0.23 [−0.52, 0.06], P = 0.11). No predictive factors were found for ADA. Increased total adipose area was associated with an increased risk of SLOR in ADA-treated patients, but not IFX-treated patients (hazard ratio = 1.01 [1.002, 1.016], P = 0.011). DISCUSSION: Visceral adiposity is an important predictor of IFX trough levels, and high total adiposity predicts for SLOR to ADA.