Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Puromycin and Retention in the Goldfish

A first experiment compared the behavior of goldfish injected with puromycin immediately after each of a weekly series of brief discriminative training sessions in the shuttlebox to that of appropriate controls. Discrimination was not prevented, nor was escape from shock impaired, but probability of response to the conditioned stimuli, both positive and negative, was reduced substantially. These results suggest that puromycin interferes with the consolidation of conditioned fear. The null outcome of a second experiment, in which all training was given in a single long session instead of a series of short sessions, suggests (contrary to recent indications) that consolidation begins in the training session. The conditioned-fear hypothesis is supported by the results of a third experiment in which the animals were shocked upon entering a goalbox to which they had previously learned to swim for food; animals injected with puromycin, immediately after the shock, entered the goalbox more readily 1 week later than did appropriate controls.
American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on the use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: status report 2002.

OBJECTIVE To conduct an evidence-based technology assessment to determine whether the routine use of anastrozole or any of the aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant breast cancer setting is appropriate for broad-based conventional use in clinical practice. POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS: Anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane. OUTCOMES Outcomes of interest include breast cancer incidence, breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival, and net health benefit. EVIDENCE A comprehensive, formal literature review was conducted for relevant topics and is detailed in the text. Testimony was collected from invited experts and interested parties. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-prescribed technology assessment procedure was followed. BENEFITS/HARMS: The ASCO panel recognizes that a woman and her physician's decision regarding adjuvant hormonal therapy is complex and will depend on the importance and weight attributed to information regarding both cancer and non-cancer-related risks and benefits. CONCLUSION The panel was influenced by the compelling, extensive, and long-term data available on tamoxifen. Overall, the panel considers the results of the Arimidex (anastrozole) or Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial and the extensive supporting data to be very promising but insufficient to change the standard practice at this time (May 2002). A 5-year course of adjuvant tamoxifen remains the standard therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The panel recommends that physicians discuss the available information with patients, and, in making a decision, acknowledge that treatment approaches can change over time. Individual health care providers and their patients will need to come to their own conclusions, with careful consideration of all of the available data. (Specific questions addressed by the panel are summarized in Appendix 3.) VALIDATION The conclusions of the panel were endorsed by the ASCO Health Services Research Committee and the ASCO Board of Directors.
The T1799A BRAF mutation is not a germline mutation in familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer

Objective Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) is relatively common but its predisposing genetic alteration is unclear. As the somatic T1799A BRAF mutation is highly prevalent in papillary thyroid cancer, the aim was to test whether this mutation was a susceptibility mutation for FNMTC.
Deep Net Localization - eavesdropping in mobile acoustic underwater sensor networks

Navigation is a challenging task for underwater devices, as there is no global navigation system available. This often restricted Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) in their operations, either spatially because they depend on reference markers that need to be deployed on the mission side, or by dive time as they need to surface regularly to geo-reference themselves via satellite. For most applications the position and attitude information of an AUV is crucial for a meaningful interpretation of the collected data. In this paper, we present Deep Net Localization (DNL), a novel localization approach for stationary and mobile nodes in an acoustic underwater sensor network. For that purpose a communication protocol was developed that enables network nodes to self-localize their position and attitude in the network by eavesdropping on the communication of other nodes. This is achieved by combining modern acoustic USBL modems and pressure sensors with a Bayes estimator. Without the need to actively transmit acoustic signals, DNL saves energy and reduces the overall workload of the communication channel. Furthermore this minimizes interference effects with other acoustic sensors, like multi-beam sonar, which are essential for the measurement purpose of a sensor node. In order to assess the approach we first tested the general functioning in a Monte-Carlo-Simulation. Subsequently the method was evaluated with real data that was collected during a sea trial in the Middle Atlantic Ocean.
Bower‐building behaviour is associated with increased sperm longevity in Tanganyikan cichlids

We investigated the evolutionary relationship between spawning behaviour and sperm motility traits among Tanganyikan mouth‐brooding cichlid species that have developed diverse mating behaviours and male sexual traits. Mouth‐brooding behaviour is common among these fish, but different species demonstrate a range of spawning behaviours, bower construction, male sexual traits and timing of gamete release. We observed spawning behaviours and compared sperm motility traits of 28 Tanganyikan mouth‐brooding cichlids to elucidate the evolutionary correlations between these traits. Sperm longevity was considerably longer in bower‐building species that construct crater‐shaped spawning sites compared with species that do not build bowers. Male bower builders released sperm in the pit of the bower prior to spawning, and the time from ejaculation to fertilization was longer. Conversely, most mouth‐brooding cichlids deposited semen directly into the female buccal cavity, and spawned eggs were immediately picked up to be placed inside the cavity; thus, the time from ejaculation to fertilization was short. These observations suggest that increased sperm longevity is favoured in bower builders. Comparative phylogenetic analyses suggested that bower‐building behaviour and greater time from ejaculation to fertilization are associated with the extension of sperm longevity, whereas sperm competition rank does not play a major role. In addition, bower‐building behaviour preceded the emergence of increased sperm longevity. These results indicate that the extension of sperm longevity as a result of the emergence of bower builders may have acted as an evolutionary attractor for sperm longevity.
Unique ESD failure mechanisms during negative to WC 13bm tests

HBM ESD tests on two types of 0. 6μm DRAM devices showed that internal circuit or output driver failures would occur after the input or I/O pins were ESD stressed negative with respect to Vcc at ground. These failures occurred at lower than expected ESD stress voltages due to power-up circuit interactions that either turned-on unique internal parasitic ESD current paths or disrupted the normal operation of the output pin's ESD protection circuit. ESD analysis found there exists a set of power-up sensitive circuits and if placed near a Vcc bond pad can result in low voltage ESD failures.
Utilidad en la alimentación de algunas semillas germinadas: brotes de soja y trigo

Llevar una alimentacion saludable mejorando nuestros habitos alimentarios nos estimula a consumir alimentos variados, entre ellos algunos mas novedosos como los germinados. Conocidos desde hace siglos por otras culturas, sobre todo orientales e introducidos en el mundo a traves de su comida, los germinados se caracterizan por ser alimentos con alto valor nutritivo o mejores que las semillas de procedencia y con significativos valores de vitamina C. Existe una gran variedad en nuestros mercados destacando los de leguminosas, como los brotes de soja verde y entre los de cereales, los de trigo. En este trabajo se pretendio en primer lugar, conocer el uso de estos productos alimenticios por parte de los consumidores, para lo cual se realizaron encuestas determinando que los brotes de soja verde son los mas conocidos y usados. En segundo lugar se determino el valor nutritivo de los germinados de soja verde y trigo, de los que pudimos observar que los segundos destacan por su mayor contenido en casi todos los nutrientes debido a que tiene una humedad mas baja y sobre todo, por su alto contenido de vitamina C del orden de 110 mg / 100 g de alimento fresco. Por su parte los brotes de soja verde mostraron un bajo aporte calorico, por lo que pueden ser recomendados en dietas hipocaloricas.
Bad guys turned nice? A critical assessment of Wolbachia mutualisms in arthropod hosts

Wolbachia are the most abundant bacterial endosymbionts among arthropods. Although maternally inherited, they do not conform to the widespread view that vertical transmission inevitably selects for beneficial symbionts. Instead, Wolbachia are notorious for their reproductive parasitism which, although lowering host fitness, ensures their spread. However, even for reproductive parasites it can pay to enhance host fitness. Indeed, there is a recent upsurge of reports on Wolbachia‐associated fitness benefits. Therefore, the question arises how such instances of mutualism are related to the phenotypes of reproductive parasitism. Here, we review the evidence of Wolbachia mutualisms in arthropods, including both facultative and obligate relationships, and critically assess their biological relevance. Although many studies report anti‐pathogenic effects of Wolbachia, few actually prove these effects to be relevant to field conditions. We further show that Wolbachia frequently have beneficial and detrimental effects at the same time, and that reproductive manipulations and obligate mutualisms may share common mechanisms. These findings undermine the idea of a clear‐cut distinction between Wolbachia mutualism and parasitism. In general, both facultative and obligate mutualisms can have a strong, and sometimes unforeseen, impact on the ecology and evolution of Wolbachia and their arthropod hosts. Acknowledging this mutualistic potential might be the key to a better understanding of some unresolved issues in the study of Wolbachia–host interactions.
Embracing oligodendrocyte diversity in the context of perinatal injury

Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population. Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins, maturational stages, and regional locations may differ in their functional capacity or susceptibility to injury. One of the most unique qualities of the oligodendrocyte is its ability to produce myelin. Myelin abnormalities have been ascribed to a remarkable array of perinatal brain injuries, with concomitant oligodendrocyte dysregulation. Within this review, we discuss new insights into the diversity of the oligodendrocyte lineage and highlight their relevance in paradigms of perinatal brain injury. Future therapeutic development will be informed by comprehensive knowledge of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology that considers the particular facets of heterogeneity that this lineage exhibits.
Open, reconfigurable cytometric acquisition system: ORCAS

A digital signal processing (DSP)‐based digital data acquisition system has been developed to support novel flow cytometry efforts. The system flexibility includes how it detects, captures, and processes event data. Custom data capture boards utilizing analog to digital converters (ADCs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) detect events and capture correlated event data. A commercial DSP board processes the captured data and sends the results over the IEEE 1394 bus to the host computer that provides a user interface for acquisition, display, analysis, and storage. The system collects list mode data, correlated pulse shapes, or streaming data from a variety of detector types using Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows host computers. It extracts pulse features not found on commercial systems with excellent sensitivity and linearity over a wide dynamic range. List mode data are saved in FCS 3.0 formatted files while streaming or correlated waveform data are saved in custom format files for postprocessing. Open, reconfigurable cytometric acquisition system is compact, scaleable, flexible, and modular. Programmable feature extraction algorithms have exciting possibilities for both new and existing applications. The recent availability of a commercial data capture board will enable general availability of similar systems. © Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Solithromycin in Subjects with Hepatic Impairment

ABSTRACT Solithromycin, a new macrolide and the first fluoroketolide, is in late-stage clinical development and, like older macrolides, is primarily metabolized and excreted through liver-dependent mechanisms. This study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of solithromycin in patients with chronic liver disease. This open-label, multiple-dose study in subjects with hepatic impairment and in healthy control subjects (matched for age, weight, and sex) enrolled 8 Child-Pugh class A (mild), 8 class B (moderate), and 8 class C (severe) patients and 9 healthy controls. Subjects (n = 33) received one 800-mg dose on day 1 followed by once-daily doses of 400 mg on days 2 through 5. The most commonly reported adverse events were mild diarrhea and mild headache, and no significant differences were noted between hepatically impaired subjects and healthy controls. The pharmacokinetics of plasma solithromycin in subjects with mild and moderate impairment was similar to that in control subjects. In subjects with severe impairment, total exposure to solithromycin at steady state (area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC0–tau]) was decreased compared to that in control subjects, which may have been related to the higher body mass index of individuals in this group. No greater accumulation was noted in any hepatically impaired cohort on day 5 compared to that in control subjects. No decrease in dosage is therefore needed when administering solithromycin to patients with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment. Solithromycin was well tolerated in this patient population, and no significant differences in safety, compared to healthy controls, were noted.
Glucocorticoids and the risk for initiation of hypoglycemic therapy.

PURPOSE To quantify risk for the occurrence of hyperglycemia requiring initiation of hypoglycemic therapy in patients treated with oral glucocorticoids. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control study of enrollees in the New Jersey Medicaid program 35 years of age or older. The 11,855 case patients had newly initiated treatment with a hypoglycemic agent (oral or insulin) between 1981 and 1990. The 11,855 controls represented a random sample of other Medicaid enrollees. RESULTS In patients using oral glucocorticoids, the estimated relative risk for development of hyperglycemia requiring treatment was 2.23 (95% confidence interval, 1.92 to 2.59) as compared with nonusers. Risk increased with increasing average daily steroid dose, in hydrocortisone-equivalent milligrams; the odds ratio was 1.77 for 1 to 39 mg/d, 3.02 for 40 to 79 mg/d, 5.82 for 80 to 119 mg/d, and 10.34 for 120 mg/d or more. The estimated effects persisted after adjustment for a variety of potentially confounding demographic, health service utilization, and medication use variables. CONCLUSION The findings of this population-based study quantify the risk of developing hyperglycemia requiring hypoglycemic therapy after oral glucocorticoid use. The magnitude of risk increases substantially with increasing glucocorticoid dose. These findings demonstrate the utility of large-scale health claims databases in defining the risk of important adverse drug effects.
p27Kip1 Inhibition of GRB2-SOS Formation Can Regulate Ras Activation

ABSTRACT p27Kip1 (p27) is often inappropriately downregulated in aggressive human cancers. Although p27 can inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), low p27 does not always correlate with increased CDK activity. Furthermore, cells derived from p27−/− mice respond to antimitogens, maintain restriction point control, and do not deregulate CDKs. Thus, disruption of a p27 function other than CDK inhibition may contribute to the disease state. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) as a p27 binding partner. We now demonstrate that p27 can inhibit GRB2 function by blocking its association with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS. Endogenous p27 is rapidly exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to mitogen stimulation, where it binds GRB2 concomitant with a decrease in GRB2-associated SOS. As predicted, mitogen-stimulated p27−/− cells maintained their GRB2-SOS complexes for significantly longer. The Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway does not appear to be deregulated in cells lacking p27 despite excess GRB2-SOS, suggesting that additional control mechanisms are present. A transient-transfection approach was employed to show that p27 can inhibit Ras activation by targeting GRB2 and further revealed that the CDK and GRB2 inhibitory functions of p27 are separable and distinct. Thus, p27 downregulation may compromise control of Ras, one of the most common oncogenic events in human cancer.
A temperature sensor with a 3 sigma inaccuracy of ±2°C without trimming from −50°C to 150°C in a 16nm FinFET process

Two compact thermal sensors in advanced technologies are compared. One uses a 20nm planar process, while the other uses a 16nm FinFET process. Both produce a digital temperature reading through the ratiometric conversion of a temperature-dependent and a temperature-independent current. The currents are integrated on an on-chip capacitor, which forms part of a single-bit first-order continuous-time JA modulator. As a result, the modulator does not require an extra op-amp and is insensitive to process variations. The 20nm design dissipates 1.1mW, occupies 0.018 mm2 and achieves a total temperature error of +2.5°C from -25°C to 125°C using a one-point trim. For extra accuracy, the 16nm design uses Dynamic Element Matching. Realized completely with FinFET transistors, it dissipates 1.21mW, occupies 0.0126 mm2 and achieves a total error of +2°C from -50°C to 150°C without any trim.
Physiological trade-offs of forming maggot masses by necrophagous flies on vertebrate carrion

Abstract Necrophagous flies that colonize human and animal corpses are extremely efficient at locating and utilizing carrion. Adult flies deposit eggs or larvae on the ephemeral food resource, which signals the beginning of intense inter- and intra-species competition. Within a short period of time after egg hatch, large larval aggregations or maggot masses form. A period of intense larval feeding ensues that will culminate with consumption/decomposition of all soft tissues associated with the corpse. Perhaps the most distinctive feature of these feeding aggregations is heat production; that is, the capacity to generate internal heat that can exceed ambient temperatures by 30°C or more. While observations of maggot mass formation and heat generation have been described in the research literature for more than 50 years, our understanding of maggot masses, particularly the physiological ecology of the aggregations as a whole, is rudimentary. In this review, an examination of what is known about the formation of maggot masses is presented, as well as arguments for the physiological benefits and limitations of developing in feeding aggregations that, at times, can represent regions of intense competition, overcrowded conditions, or a microclimate with elevated temperatures approaching or exceeding proteotoxic stress levels.
Angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism is not associated with diabetic nephropathy

Background. There is agreement that a family history of hypertension (HT), is a predictor for the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and possibly also type 1 diabetes. It follows that genes related to the risk of hypertension must also be considered candidate genes for DN. The 235T allele of the angiotensinogen gene was found to be related to primary HT. Methods. To examine whether it is predictive for DN as well, we examined the angiotensinogen gene polymorphism in 230 healthy local controls, 423 patients with type 1 diabetes (n= 180 with DN; « = 243 without DN) and 663 patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 310 with DN; n = 353 without DN). The angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism was determined using PCR amplification.
Visfatin Stimulates Production of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Interleukin-6 in Human Vein Umbilical Endothelial Cells

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-6 are important inflammatory cytokines, which have close relationships with atherosclerosis. Visfatin is a novel adipokine involved in regulation of inflammatory cytokines, however, associations of visfatin with cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether visfatin has effects on the expression of MCP-1 and IL-6 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for measuring MCP-1 and IL-6 production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used for determining MCP-1 and IL-6 mRNA expression. For the pathway determination following inhibitors were used: wortmannin [phosphatiylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)], SB203580 [p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)], PD98059 [extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2)], JNK inhibitor II [c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK)]. We demonstrated that visfatin could obviously upregulate secretion of MCP-1and IL-6 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Visfatin-induced effects were diminished by SB203580, wortmannin, and PD98059. In summary, these results suggest that visfatin-induced MCP-1 and IL-6 production involve p38 MAPK, PI3K, and ERK 1/2 pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells as determined by inhibition with specific inhibitors.