Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Nanodiamonds and Manioc Starch for Detection of Tetracycline

The use of nanostructured materials is already well-known as a powerful tool in the development of electrochemical sensors. Among several immobilization strategies of nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical sensors, the use of low-cost and environmentally friendly polymeric materials is highlighted. In this context, a new nanostructured biocomposite electrode is proposed as an electrochemical sensor for the analysis and determination of tetracycline. The composite electrode consists of a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a nanodiamond-based (ND) and manioc starch biofilm (MS), called ND-MS/GCE. The proposed sensor showed better electrochemical performance in the presence of tetracycline in comparison to the unmodified electrode, which was attributed to the increase in the electroactive surface area due to the presence of nanodiamonds. A linear dynamic range from 5.0 × 10 − 6 to 1.8 × 10 − 4 mol L−1 and a limit of detection of 2.0 × 10 − 6 mol L−1 were obtained for the proposed sensor. ND-MS/GCE exhibited high repeatability and reproducibility for successive measurements with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.3% and 1.5%, respectively. The proposed electrode was successfully applied for the detection of tetracycline in different kinds of water samples, presenting recoveries ranging from 86 to 112%.
The Clarion: A Social Enterprise Disrupting School Stationary Industry for Sustainability

Clarion Education and Skills Private Limited Patna, is a start-up promoted to address the school stationery demand–supply gap in the rural elementary education delivery system and cater to the needs of the rural school children in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. This case documents the way Clarion pursued disrupting the school notebooks market, with a goal of making a notebook affordable at one-sixth the existing cost of a notebook in the marketplace in 2016. Clarion was promoted by The Better World Foundation (BWF), Patna, a social enterprise working in the area of rural elementary education in Bihar. BWF was of the view that the challenges of school stationery supply chain need to be addressed through a commercial enterprise only, so as to drive changes in the sector, so that BWF could focus on its core objective of creating and developing meaningful elementary educational institutions in the remote rural villages in Bihar, India. This case study details the strategy of Clarion in developing a business model to break the shackles of high-priced branded notebooks by linking the advertising of social marketing campaigns with insertions in the notebook covers, and thus converting the notebook into an advertising medium, and meticulously campaigning for supply of affordable notebooks through various governmental and non-governmental institutions. Clarion challenged the competitive forces on one side and pursued building a cost leadership position for itself through cost-value trade-off initiatives on the other.
COMPORTAMENTO DAS AÇÕES DAS EMPRESAS LISTADAS NA B3 A PARTIR DA PUBLICAÇÃO DO RANKING MERCO BRASIL

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar o comportamento das acoes das empresas brasileiras listadas na B3, a partir da publicacao do ranking de reputacao corporativa Merco. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa e de carater descritivo. Como fonte de dados foram utilizados os retornos das acoes de 23 empresas brasileiras listadas no Ranking Merco, analisados por meio do estudo de eventos. Os achados levaram a identificacao de retornos anormais nulos em 30% das observacoes, enquanto em 70% (16 ativos) da amostra os retornos se demonstraram anormais na janela da divulgacao do Ranking Merco. Para explicar a diferenca entre os retornos, menciona-se que quando a informacao nao e uma novidade ou foi integrada a cultura da companhia, a capacidade de sinalizar e promover retornos anormais e reduzida, desta forma, observa-se retornos anormais nulos e pulverizados. Para explicar o comportamento dos ativos e possivel mencionar a relevância da informacao e os processos cognitivos de identificacao. O fato de algumas empresas estarem listadas em edicoes anteriores minimizou a relevância da informacao e a identificacao no mercado de acoes, assim, a sinalizacao nao obteve retornos anormais significativos a partir da colocacao no Merco. Para tanto, este estudo contribui para compreender que a colocacao em um ranking de reputacao corporativa pode se apresentar como uma informacao nao relevante para o mercado, nao promovendo processos de identificacao com seus agentes. Para ocorrer a sinalizacao, esses processos devem ser observados.
A preliminary phase on anatomizing multiple sensitive attribute by determining main sensitive attribute

This paper aims to determine the main sensitive attribute in anatomy with multiple sensitive attributes. Privacy in published data becomes important and interesting research recently. Many works have been conducted on keeping published data privately. K-anonymity was proposed as the first model in this study. Yet, this model still has some drawbacks. A better model called anatomy is proposed to fix k-anonymity. Many studies on anatomy are performed on a single sensitive attribute, while in the real world, a microdata table always contains multiple sensitive attributes. This work handles problems on how to publish data in private mode by rearranging the anatomy model. We adopted the method in determining main sensitive attribute. We conducted it in the preliminary phase and its result is a prepared model of the main sensitive attribute for anatomy. The result success in ensuring one sensitive attribute as a main sensitive attribute.
Composition and Antioxidant Activity, Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Extracts, and Residue after Extraction of Biologically Active Compounds from Freeze-Dried Tomato Matrix

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE-CO2) is an attractive, green technology that is used for the recovery of biologically active compounds from plant material. The antioxidant potential of lipophilic fractions (extract obtained with SCE-CO2) and hydrophilic fractions (extracts obtained from the residue after extraction) obtained from a matrix of freeze-dried tomatoes (cvs. “Admiro” F1, “Jurgiai”, “Vilina”, “Pirmutis”, and “Skariai”) was assessed via different antioxidant activity methods. The total amount of polyphenols, carotenoids, and carotenoid isomers before and after SCE-CO2 extraction was also determined. To investigate the effect of the SCE-CO2 extract on the viability of cancer cells, rat glioblastoma C6 cells were chosen. The SCE-CO2 yielded an average of 800 mg of lipophilic fraction per 100 g of freeze-dried tomatoes. The ABTS•+ scavenging activity of the extract was 251 ± 3.4 µmol TE/g. After SCE-CO2 extraction, the DPPH•-RSA of the freeze-dried tomato matrix was 7 to 12% higher. There was a strong positive correlation (R = 0.84) between the total polyphenolics content and the DPPH•-RSA of the tomato samples. The SCE-CO2 increased the radical scavenging activity of the extraction residue, indicating that a considerable fraction of the hydrophilic compounds with particular antioxidant capacity remain unextracted from the tomato matrix. Our results reveal the cytotoxic effect of lycopene extract rich in cis-isomers (62% cis-isomers of the total lycopene content) on rat glioblastoma C6 cells. The viability of the glioblastoma C6 cells significantly decreased (−42%) at a total lycopene concentration of 2.4 µM after 24 h of incubation.
The supercritical question for pyroclastic dune bedforms: An overview

Sedimentary structures deposited from dilute pyroclastic currents are largely dominated by the products of metre‐scale dune bedforms containing backset lamination. Since the first seminal works in the 1970s, the vast majority of the literature called these structures antidunes and chutes‐and‐pools. This consensus led to a loose terminology, either as descriptive terms for structures containing backset beds or as an interpretation of hydrodynamic conditions related to Froude‐supercritical flows. Here, the main characteristics of pyroclastic dune bedforms are summarized and classified under four categories. The literature is examined and a discussion is provided regarding a possible interpretation in terms of supercritical‐flow bedforms, including antidunes, chutes‐and‐pools and cyclic steps. The interpretation of pyroclastic dune bedforms as related to supercritical conditions is a possibility among others, yet open questions remain, and under the present state of knowledge alternative interpretations are equally valid. There is consensus that an interpretation of pyroclastic dune bedforms as related to supercritical flows implies deposition from a basal underflow supporting an internal free‐surface formed at a density interface within the overall current structure. Antidunes are likely to be limited to low‐angle, incipient bedforms. Chutes‐and‐pools may occur in the form of series of steep truncations formed by an erosive supercritical ‘chute’, with a depositional signature occurring exclusively in the subcritical ‘pool’ of a Froude jump. Rare examples of cyclic steps may be found as large‐scale undulations with superimposed metre‐scale bedforms, or for short‐scale, fully‐aggrading structures in periodic trains. Additionally, some pyroclastic bedforms may be formed by granular flows passing granular Froude jumps or as frozen granular stationary waves. The dominance of chute‐and‐pool structures over bedforms characterized by relatively more stable morphodynamics (antidunes and cyclic steps) could be the likely result of pulsating flow conditions and abrupt high‐rate deposition, impeding stable flow conditions. In a majority of cases, the growth of pyroclastic bedforms appears triggered by the influence of an inherited bed topography and by bed‐flow feedback effects. Apart from a possible interpretation as supercritical bedforms, other specific dynamics of dilute pyroclastic currents may well explain the characteristics of pyroclastic dune bedform structures. In particular, the inherent turbulence fluctuations, internal organization and highly depositional dynamics may be key to the formation of pyroclastic dune bedforms. In this respect, rather than solely focusing on the Froude dimensionless number of the formative current, theoretical considerations accounting for the Reynolds, Richardson and Rouse dimensionless parameters may be also implemented for the understanding of pyroclastic bedforms.
Effect of Chitosan Nanoemulsion on Enhancing the Phytochemical Contents, Health-Promoting Components, and Shelf Life of Raspberry (Rubus sanctus Schreber)

Due to high water content and perishability, the raspberry fruit is sensitive to postharvest fungal contamination and postharvest losses. In this study, chitosan was used as an edible coating to increase the storage of raspberries, and nanotechnology was used to increase chitosan efficiency. The fruit was treated with an emulsion containing nanoparticles of chitosan (ECNPC) at 0, 2.5, and 5 g L−1, and stored for 9 d. Decay extension rate, fruit phytochemical contents, including total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanin content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and guaiacol-peroxidase enzymes and antioxidant activity, and other qualitative properties were evaluated during and at the end of storage. After 9 d of storage, the highest amounts of phenolics compounds, PAL enzyme activity, and antioxidant activity were observed in fruit treated with ECNPC at 5 g L−1. The highest levels of total phenol, PAL enzyme activity, and antioxidant activity were 57.53 g L−1, 118.88 μmol/min trans-cinnamic acid, and 85.16%, respectively. ECNPC can be considered as an effective, safe, and environmentally friendly method for enhancing fruit phytochemical contents, postharvest life, and health-promoting capacity.
Itineraries evaluated and ranked using fuzzy logic

Abstract In nowadays transportation networks, many multimodal itineraries are possible when traveling from an origin to a destination. Due to the plurality of alternatives, the choice of an option is difficult for the user. In this paper, we propose a novel decision support system to help users in that task. Our method ranks itineraries according to users’ preferences and trip profile based on a fuzzy logic system that transforms the itineraries’ characteristics and user’s preferences into a real number score. Unlike classical systems from Multiple Attribute Decision Making, we take into account the uncertainty both in the evaluation of the attributes and in the relative importance of those attributes. From an itinerary ranking point of view, our fuzzification methods enable to take into account user’s general preferences and preferences in the context of the current trip, hence using the complete alternative set to evaluate a single solution. Finally, the new defuzzification method scores the itineraries, which enables to build a connex transitive order on the solution set. Dependence in alternative evaluation and connex transitive order are scarcely used together for itinerary ranking. The proposed decision support system is generic and could be adapted to many decision criteria, depending on the application. An example, with several relevant ones, is presented through this work. To assess our method, we benchmark it against rankings from real persons obtained by the bias of two surveys. The results show that the rankings generated by the fuzzy logic system are convincing.
Icaritin Attenuates Lipid Accumulation by Increasing Energy Expenditure and Autophagy Regulated by Phosphorylating AMPK

Background and Aims Lipid accumulation is the major characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the prevalence of which continues to rise. We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of icaritin on lipid accumulation. Methods Cells were treated with icaritin at 0.7, 2.2, 6.7, or 20 µM for 24 h. The effects on lipid accumulation in L02 and Huh-7 cells were detected by Bodipy and oil red O staining, respectively. Mitochondria biogenesis of L02 cells was detected by MitoTracker Orange staining. Glucose uptake and adenosine triphosphate content of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes were detected. The expression levels of proteins in the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, biomarkers of autophagy, and mitochondria biogenesis were measured by western blotting. LC3 puncta were detected by immunofluorescence. Results Icaritin significantly attenuated lipid accumulation in L02 and Huh-7 cells and boosted the mitochondria biogenesis of L02 cells. Icaritin enhanced glucose uptake, decreased adenosine triphosphate content, and activated the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Icaritin boosted autophagy and also enhanced the initiation of autophagic flux in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C2C12 myoblasts. However, icaritin decreased autophagy and promoted mitochondria biogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Conclusions Icaritin attenuates lipid accumulation by increasing energy expenditure and regulating autophagy by activating the AMPK pathway.
Correcting Observational Biases in Sea Surface Temperature Observations Removes Anomalous Warmth during World War II

Most historical sea surface temperature (SST) estimates indicate warmer World War II SSTs than expected from forcing and internal climate variability. If real, this World War II warm anomaly (WW2WA) has important implications for decadal variability, but the WW2WA may also arise from incomplete corrections of biases associated with bucket and engine room intake (ERI) measurements. To better assess the origins of the WW2WA, we develop five different historical SST estimates (reconstructions R1–R5). Using uncorrected SST measurements from the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) version 3.0 (R1) gives a WW2WA of 0.41°C. In contrast, using only buckets (R2) or ERI observations (R3) gives WW2WAs of 0.18° and 0.08°C, respectively, implying that uncorrected biases are the primary source of the WW2WA. We then use an extended linear-mixed-effect method to quantify systematic differences between subsets of SSTs and develop groupwise SST adjustments based on differences between pairs of nearby SST measurements. Using all measurements after applying groupwise adjustments (R4) gives a WW2WA of 0.13°C [95% confidence interval (c.i.): 0.01°–0.26°C] and indicates that U.S. and U.K. naval observations are the primary cause of the WW2WA. Finally, nighttime bucket SSTs are found to be warmer than their daytime counterparts during WW2, prompting a daytime-only reconstruction using groupwise adjustments (R5) that has a WW2WA of 0.09°C (95% c.i.: −0.01° to 0.18°C). R5 is consistent with the range of internal variability found in either the CMIP5 (95% c.i.: −0.10° to 0.10°C) or CMIP6 ensembles (95% c.i.: −0.11° to 0.10°C). These results support the hypothesis that the WW2WA is an artifact of observational biases, although further data and metadata analyses will be important for confirmation.
Development, Testing and Validation of an Adaptive Drilling Optimization System

An important benefit of drilling automation is the ability to ensure continuous updating of the parameters controlling the drilling process according to the current wellbore conditions. While actively drilling, this means continuously adjusting the weight on bit (WOB), topdrive speed and flowrate according to the current formation properties and drilling system behaviour: ability to transport cuttings, buckling or exceeding the geo-pressure margins. We present here the main principles used to design and develop such an adaptive drilling optimization system, and the first results obtained both in a simulated environment and in real operations. The system achieves adaptability by combining two separate processes. Firstly, it maintains an updated estimate of the bit-rock interaction mechanism using a stochastic approach coupled with a physical model. This is used to predict the system's response to changes in parameters (WOB, topdrive speed or flowrate), including the possible presence of a founder point, i.e. a WOB threshold above which no gain in rate of penetration (ROP) is achieved, and also to detect changes in formation properties. Then, the second process ensures that the effects of the same drilling parameters are evaluated with respect to their ability to ensure safe drilling: cuttings transport and drillstring mechanical stability are the main constraints here, evaluated in a probabilistic framework. The combination of these two processes provides the generation of both safe and optimum drilling parameters. The system can be used in two contexts: firstly, as an advisory module which provides set-point recommendations to the driller; secondly, as an integrated module into a drilling automation system. In the latter configuration, the generated set-points are used to actively control the drilling process. Note that the bit-rock interaction prognoses enable quick automated detection of – and therefore reaction to- sudden changes in formation properties. Both modes facilitate real-time monitoring of the bit-rock interaction process, including the estimated formation properties, bit aggressiveness and founder point. Results from active tests in a simulated environment and advisory mode against real field data are presented and discussed.
Photocatalytic Analysis of a Hydrophilic Acrylic Coating/ Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite on Glass Substrate

ABSTRACT A self-cleaning acrylic/zinc oxide nanocomposite coating with photocatalytic activity was synthesized on glass substrate. Simple procedure of fabrication by dip-coating method was employed and hierarchal structure was achieved as shown in FE-SEM images. Synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles according to XRD analyze showed a hexagonal structure. Surface hydrophilicity was analyzed by contact angle measurements and to assess the photocatalytic activity on contaminations, measurements were conducted under UV irradiation. Rinsing method was also used to evaluate self-cleaning property of contaminated surface and good performance was exhibited where the coating showed high degrees of self-preservation up to two months without defect.
Tree legumes with fertilizer potential: a multivariate approach

The objective of this study was to evaluate, through multivariate data analysis, which tree legume residues have the best fertilizer potential for agricultural crops in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. The experiment was conducted in pots, in a randomized block design, with seven treatments and four replicates. Treatments consisted of residues of Sabia, Jurema Preta and Gliricidia, besides two parts of the plant: leaves and leaves + branches. The pots were filled with 8.0 dm3 of soil and the residues were added in the form of green mass, corresponding to 73.0 g of dry mass per pot. Maize seeds were sown and, at 65 days after addition of the residues, soil chemical attributes, growth and nutrient contents in the plants were evaluated. The data were studied through principal component analysis, clustering analysis, canonical discriminant function analysis and means comparison test from canonical variable 1. Gliricidia residues positively influenced soil K and Mg contents, as well as height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf contents of P, N and Mg in maize plants. These residues showed greater dissimilarity and separation compared to the control treatment and led to statistically higher means compared to the other treatments. Jurema Preta leaves positively influenced soil Ca, N and TOC, as well as leaf contents of K and Ca and total dry mass of maize. Multivariate statistical analysis made it possible to identify distinct potentials among legume residues for use as fertilizer in maize crop, and Gliricidia is the species with highest potential.
Comprehensive Methodology for the Evaluation of High-Resolution WRF Multiphysics Precipitation Simulations for Small, Topographically Complex Domains

A stepwise evaluation method and a comprehensive scoring approach are proposed and implemented to select a model setup and physics parameterizations of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for high-resolution precipitation simulations. The ERA5 reanalysis data were dynamically downscaled to 1-km resolution for the topographically complex domain of the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The performance of the simulations was examined for three domain configurations, two model initialization approaches and 18 combinations of atmospheric physics parameterizations. Two continuous and two categorical scores were used for the evaluation. A new extreme event score, which combines hits and frequency bias, was introduced as a complementary evaluator of extremes. A composite scaled score was used to identify the overall best performing parameterizations. The least errors in mean daily and monthly precipitation amounts and daily extremes were found for the domain configuration with the largest extent and three nested domains. A 5-day initialization frequency did not improve precipitation, relative to 30-day continuous simulations. The parameterization type with the largest impact on precipitation was microphysics. The cumulus parameterization was also found to have an impact on the 1-km nested domain, despite that it was only activated in the coarser “parent” domains. Comparison of simulations with 12-, 4-, and 1-km resolution revealed the better skill of the model at 1 km. The impact of the various model configurations in the small-sized domain was different from the impact in larger model domains; this could be further explored for other atmospheric variables.