Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Research

The field of research of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, EMT, and its reverse, mesenchymal-epithelial transitions, MET, has expanded very rapidly indeed from its beginnings, heralded by Professor Betty Hay in the 1970s and 1980s. This expansion has involved the realisation that the EMT was not just an interesting phenomenon of early developmental morphogenetic cell behaviour, but bore remarkable resemblance to clinically crucial pathological events in cancer invasion. Not surprisingly, this discipline soon became numerically dominant in the EMT publication field. Simultaneously, the EMT concept has been extended to normal physiological wound healing. Exploration revealed that these resemblances were more than skin deep: the same sets of growth factors, receptors, transcription factors, epigenetic marks and signalling pathways turned up repeatedly in EMTs and METs in a variety of contexts, both pathological and normal. This molecular genetic research in turn uncovered similarities of the EMT signature to that of fibrosis, a set of diseases which is of enormous clinical importance, rivalling that of cancer. Most recently, and more surprisingly, the EMT signature has shown considerable similarity to that found in stem cell and cancer stem cell biology.
PPPS-2013: A robust, low-inductance, low-jitter switch for petawatt-class pulsed power accelerators

Spark gap switches are integral components in pulsed power applications ranging from pulsed microwaves and flash x-ray sources to, more recently, the linear transformer drivers (LTDs) powering next-generation petawatt-class pulsed power accelerators at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. An LTD system uses a triggered switch to conduct current from two capacitors to form a magnetic field which accelerates particles down magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs). Existing spark gap switches suffer from limited lifetimes 1 and levels of jitter and inductance in excess of what will be required for these new accelerators2. Kinetech, under a contract from SNL, has designed, developed, and demonstrated a switch that exceeds all of the established requirements3 by firing for 57,200 shots with an inductance of 35 nH and a one-sigma switch jitter of 1.2 ns variation over a 1,000 shot sampling after 1k, 25k, and 50k shots. This paper will detail the design, development, and demonstration of this switch by Kinetech and SNL.
Relationship between footwear comfort of shoe inserts and anthropometric and sensory factors.

PURPOSE The purposes of this study were (a) to determine lower extremity anthropometric and sensory factors that are related to differences in comfort perception of shoe inserts with varying shape and material and (b) to investigate whether shoe inserts that improve comfort decrease injury frequency in a military population. METHODS 206 military personnel volunteered for this study. The shoe inserts varied in arch and heel cup shape, hardness, and elasticity in the heel and forefoot regions. A no insert condition was included as the control condition. Measured subject characteristics included foot shape, foot and leg alignment, and tactile and vibration sensitivity of the plantar surface of the foot. Footwear comfort was assessed using a visual analog scale. Injury frequency was evaluated with a questionnaire. The statistical analyses included Student's t-tests for repeated measures, ANOVA (within subjects), MANOVA (within insert combinations), and chi-square tests. RESULTS The average comfort ratings for all shoe inserts were significantly higher than the average comfort rating for the control condition. The incidence of stress fractures and pain at different locations was reduced by 1.5-13.4% for the insert compared with the control group. Foot arch height, foot and leg alignment, and foot sensitivity were significantly related to differences in comfort ratings for the hard/soft, the viscous/elastic, and the high arch/low arch insert combinations. CONCLUSIONS Shoe inserts of different shape and material that are comfortable are able to decrease injury frequency. The results of this study showed that subject specific characteristics influence comfort perception of shoe inserts.
Performance and variability in multi-VT FinFETs using fin doping

The impact of fin doping (B, P, As) on FinFET device parameters is studied for high-K/midgap metal gate SOI FinFETs. For a fin width of ~25 nm, >;1 V VT modulation is demonstrated from accumulation mode (AM) to inversion mode (IM). IM FinFETs improve short channel FinFET electrostatics, on-off ratio, and VT variability compared to their undoped counterparts. The same parameters degrade in accumulation mode FinFETs. A VT modulation of ±0.25 V using fin B and P doping comes at the expense of 24% and 14% high field mobility penalty for NFET and PFET, respectively. For the same dose, Arsenic is found to modulate the VT more effectively than does Phosphorus. Basic modeling results show that for aggressively scaled (5 nm-wide) fins, the impact of single dopant atom on VT can be as high as 25 mV, severely challenging the viability of the technique towards the end of roadmap.
A Meta-Analysis of Smoking Prevention Programs After Adjustment for Errors in the Unit of Analysis

This article presents the results of a meta-analysis designed to test the prevailing view that we largely understand why adolescents start to smoke and how to delay it. This view has developed even though none of the major reviews of the last 12 years has adjusted for the important methodological problems that all of those reviews identified as common in the published literature. School-based smoking prevention programs based on peer or social-type programs, published between 1974 and 1991, were included in this meta-analysis. Treatment characteristics were used to predict an effect size after adjustment for study design and population characteristics, and in particular, after a post hoc correction for errors in the original unit of analysis. The results suggest that the average effect for peer or social-type programs is likely to be quite limited in magnitude, and that the reduction in smoking may be only 0.10 standard deviation units, or perhaps 5%. Even under optimal conditions, the reduction in smoking may be only 0.50 to 0.75 standard deviation units, or perhaps 20%-30%.
A Secondary Voltage Control Strategy for Transmission Level Interconnection of Wind Generation

This paper addresses implementation issues associated with secondary voltage control in a doubly-fed induction generator based wind farm. The effects of different system parameters on the performance of the control are considered, namely the short circuit ratio of the interconnection and the inherent communication delay between the wind park and the remote bus. In addition, a strategy for allocation reactive power requirements to each of the generators within the wind park is proposed. The system is developed and simulated for a wind park consisting of six wind generators connected to a typical transmission system. The paper proposes an optimal tracking secondary voltage control method developed to achieve effective voltage regulation, enhance the network voltage profile and provide optimal reactive power compensation to the interconnected power system. The performance of the controller is compared with secondary voltage control at one selected bus, primary voltage control and the optimal voltage profile obtained from the optimal power flow analysis. The performance of the controllers is tested for steady state operation and in response to system contingencies, taking into account the impact of communication time delays and short circuit ratio (SCRs). Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the capability of the controllers to provide the desired reactive power compensation and voltage support to the electric power grid.
MT-45, a new psychoactive substance associated with hearing loss and unconsciousness

Abstract Background. MT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine) is an opioid analgesic drug candidate developed in the 1970s that has recently been introduced as a new psychoactive substance (NPS) on the “recreational” drug market. We describe a case series of non-fatal intoxications associated with MT-45 within the Swedish STRIDA project. Study design. Observational case series of consecutive patients with admitted or suspected intake of NPS presenting to hospitals in Sweden from November 2013 to February 2014. Patients and methods. Blood and urine samples were collected from intoxicated patients presenting to emergency departments and intensive care units over the country. NPS analysis was performed by an LC–MS/MS multi-component method. Clinical data were collected when caregivers consulted the Poisons Information Centre and also retrieved from medical records. Case series. Among nine intoxications where MT-45 was detected in the biological samples, four cases were indicated to only involve MT-45, while one or several psychoactive substances were found along with MT-45 in the others. All patients were men aged 17–32 years and they commonly presented with opioid-like adverse symptoms, such as unconsciousness and respiratory depression. Naloxone appeared to have utility in the treatment of MT-45 intoxication in several cases. Three patients complained of bilateral hearing loss that in one case persisted after two weeks. Conclusion. MT-45 should be added to the growing list of harmful NPS causing life-threatening poisonings, and rapid actions taken to make it a controlled substance.
Urinary sodium and cardiovascular disease risk: informing guidelines for sodium consumption.

Evidence supporting sodium guideline recommenda-tions comes from animal studies, knowledge of physi-ologic requirements, scrutiny of isolated populations whoeatanaturaldiet,migrationstudies,observationalanalysisinpopulationswhoconsumeprocessedfoods,andrandom-ized controlled trials. Although there is general agreementthat sodium reduction is appropriate for persons with hy-pertension,therearesomequestionsaboutapplyingthisrec-ommendation to the remainder of the population.
In vitro metabolism of the anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoid polyandric acid A and its hydrolysis product by human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes

Abstract 1. The metabolism of the anti-inflammatory diterpenoid polyandric acid A (PAA), a constituent of the Australian Aboriginal medicinal plant Dodonaea polyandra, and its de-esterified alcohol metabolite, hydrolysed polyandric acid A (PAAH) was studied in vitro using human liver microsomes (HLM) and recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. 2. Hydrolysis of PAA to yield PAAH occurred upon incubation with HLM. Further incubations of PAAH with HLM in the presence of UGT and CYP cofactors resulted in significant depletion, with UGT-mediated depletion as the major pathway. 3. Reaction phenotyping utilising selective enzyme inhibitors and recombinant human UGT and CYP enzymes revealed UGT2B7 and UGT1A1, and CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 as the major enzymes involved in the metabolism of PAAH. 4. Analysis of incubations of PAAH with UDP-glucuronic acid-supplemented HLM and recombinant enzymes by UPLC/MS/MS identified three glucuronide metabolites. The metabolites were further characterised by β-glucuronidase and mild alkaline hydrolysis. The acyl glucuronide of PAAH was shown to be the major metabolite. 5. This study demonstrates the in vitro metabolism of PAA and PAAH and represents the first systematic study of the metabolism of an active constituent of an Australian Aboriginal medicinal plant.
Effect of spectinomycin use on the prevalence of spectinomycin-resistant and of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Because of the high prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Republic of Korea, spectinomycin has been used there in the primary treatment of gonococcal infections in U.S. military personnel since 1981, but there have been increasingly frequent reports of treatment failures with spectinomycin. We conducted a clinical study to determine the efficacy of spectinomycin treatment in 124 U.S. servicemen in the Republic of Korea who had urethral gonococcal infections. Ninety-seven patients were treated with spectinomycin alone and evaluated in a follow-up visit. In eight patients (8.2 percent), this treatment was unsuccessful. Antibiotic-sensitivity testing on isolates from seven of the patients with treatment failure demonstrated that six isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than or equal to 100 micrograms per milliliter). None of the spectinomycin-resistant strains had become resistant to penicillin, either through the production of penicillinase or through a chromosomal mutation. Although the mechanism of spectinomycin resistance appears to be a chromosomal mutation, these isolates were generally sensitive to other antibiotics. The prevalence of resistance to spectinomycin resulted in the substitution of ceftriaxone for the primary treatment of gonorrhea acquired by U.S. military personnel in the Republic of Korea. We believe that the rapid emergence of spectinomycin resistance in this population mandates a cautious approach to widescale use of the drug and indicates a need to broaden current surveillance programs.
Estudo experimental e computacional das propriedades vibracionais e citotóxicas de nutracêuticos do alho

SERAFIM, Leonardo Farias. Estudo experimental e computacional das propriedades vibracionais e citotoxicas de nutraceuticos do alho. 2015. 120 f. Dissertacao (Mestrado em quimica)- Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza-CE, 2015.
Suivi 3D Monoculaire pour un Système de Vidéosurveillance à l'aide d'un Modèle de Mouvement et un Modèle d'Apparence

Le besoin en methodes non intrusives d'analyse des mouvements humains se fait sentir a travers des applications comme la videosurveillance intelligente, les interfaces homme-machine et l'indexation multimedia. Dans cet article, nous proposons une approche generative se basant sur un filtre particulaire a recuit simule (APF) : une fonction de vraisemblance qui combine des mesures basees sur les silhouettes et sur l'apparence, et un modele temporel se basant sur une reduction de l'espace des poses pour une activite donnee. Le filtre propose permet d'estimer en ligne la vitesse de marche ainsi que les coordonnees du cycle dans l'espace reduit. Nous evaluons l'approche proposee sur la base de donnees HumanEva. Les resultats du suivi montrent que la fonction de vraisemblance mixte reduit l'erreur 3D. Le modele temporel proposee permet d'ameliorer le suivi tout en reduisant le cout calculatoire du filtre particulaire.
Aplicaciones terapéuticas de la estimulación cerebral no invasiva en neurorrehabilitación

Las tecnicas de estimulacion cerebral no invasiva (TECNI) son herramientas que actualmente se encuentran en gran desarrollo e investigacion como una opcion terapeutica novedosa en pacientes con dano cerebral adquirido. Las dos tecnicas mas utilizadas son la estimulacion magnetica transcraneal repetitiva (EMTr) y la estimulacion transcraneal con corriente directa (ETCD), las cuales se basan en la aplicacion externa de corriente electrica o magnetica sobre el craneo modulando (estimulando o inhibiendo) la actividad neuronal y cerebral. Las TECNI en conjunto con las terapias convencionales de neurorrehabilitacion tienen la capacidad potencial de promover la recuperacion motora, cognitiva, sensorial y funcional en pacientes con diversos padecimientos neurologicos con un excelente perfil de tolerancia y seguridad. En la actualidad existe evidencia de sus efectos positivos en diversas enfermedades como la enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC), enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), lesion medular (LM), dano cerebral traumatico (DCT), paralisis cerebral (PC), trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), entre otras. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revision breve pero actualizada sobre los principios basicos de las TECNI mas utilizadas, asi como sobre las aplicaciones clinicas en las que han demostrado efectos positivos en el area de la neurorrehabilitacion
Utilization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid as the Sole Carbon and Nitrogen Source by Escherichia coli K-12 Mutants

Wild-type strains of Escherichia coli K-12 cannot grow in media with γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) as the sole source of carbon or nitrogen. Mutants were isolated which could utilize GABA as the sole source of nitrogen. These mutants were found to have six- to ninefold higher activities of γ-aminobutyrate-α-ketoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.16) than those of the wild-type parent strains. Secondary mutants derived from these GABA-nitrogen-utilizing strains were able to grow on GABA as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. They also grew faster on a variety of other carbon and nitrogen sources, and their growth was more strongly inhibited by different metabolic inhibitors than was that of the parent strains. The nature of the two mutations and the possible genes involved are discussed. A scheme of the pathway for GABA breakdown in E. coli K-12 is presented.
Response of children with ADHD to methylphenidate: interaction with internalizing symptoms.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine differences in methylphenidate (MPH) response between groups of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who exhibited varying degrees of internalizing symptoms. METHOD A sample of 40 children with ADHD was subdivided into three groups based on the severity of comorbid internalizing symptoms. Differential effects of three doses of MPH (5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg) were evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion using multiple outcome measures across home, school, and clinic settings. RESULTS Children with ADHD and comorbid internalizing symptoms were significantly less likely to respond positively to MPH than were their noninternalizing counterparts according to teacher ratings and behavioral observations during a clinic-based academic task. CONCLUSIONS Children who exhibit comorbid symptoms of ADHD and internalizing disorder are less likely to respond to MPH in classroom settings and on academic tasks. A significant minority of children with comorbid conditions may be at a higher risk for an adverse medication response relative to patients with ADHD who are not exhibiting internalizing symptoms. Further research is necessary to delineate the characteristics of possible adverse responders.
In vivo thermodynamic analysis of repression with and without looping in lac constructs. Estimates of free and local lac repressor concentrations and of physical properties of a region of supercoiled plasmid DNA in vivo.

A strong-binding primary (O1) lac operator located 100 to 200 base-pairs (bp) upstream from a lac promoter control region reduces expression from a lac promoter controlled by a weaker-binding (Oc) lac operator between 3 and 20-fold on a multicopy plasmid in E. coli. We attribute this effect to loop formation in which a thermodynamically stable complex is formed between bidentate lac repressor tetramers and the O1 and Oc operators. A thermodynamic model for repression is developed to interpret these data in terms of the composite effects of free lac repressor concentration and of local repressor concentration (from looping) at the Oc site. The local repressor concentration is found to vary periodically with the distance in base-pairs between the O1 and the Oc operators, ranging from 2 to 20-fold larger than the free concentration (i.e. the bulk thermodynamic activity) of repressor in this F'Iq overproducing strain (estimated to be approximately less than 0.5 microM). The amplitude of the periodic variation in expression and in local concentration appears to decrease with increasing interoperator distance in the range examined. Quantitative analysis of the looping data provides estimates of the physical properties of the intervening DNA region in vivo. For distances in the range 127 to 197 bp, the periodicity of modulation is uniformly 11.28(+/- 0.04) bp, which we interpret as the helical repeat of this region of supercoiled plasmid DNA in vivo. Possible origins of this altered helical repeat include the global linking deficit of the supercoiled DNA and any local linking deficit induced by divergent transcription from promoters bracketing the interoperator region. DNA cyclization analysis yields an apparent in vivo persistence length of this interoperator region of 64(+/- 26) A (which is approximately 15% of the in vivo result) and an in vivo torsional rigidity constant of 1.1(+/- 0.1) x 10(-19) erg cm, which is at the lower end of the range of values found in vitro.
Chest-compression-only bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio era. Nationwide observational study.

BACKGROUND The compression-to-ventilation ratio for basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was changed from 15:2 to 30:2, but there are few human studies comparing chest-compression-only CPR with standard CPR. METHODS AND RESULTS From the All-Japan Utstein Registry in the 30:2 CPR era, 173,565 adult cardiac arrests witnessed by bystanders were included. On arrival at the scene, emergency medical services responders assessed the status of dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction and bystander CPR technique (chest compression with or without rescue breathing). The primary endpoint was favorable neurological outcome 30 days after cardiac arrest. The prevalence of dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction increased year by year, contributing to an overall increase of chest-compression-only bystander CPR from 20.6% to 35.0%. Among 78,150 patients receiving bystander CPR, favorable neurological outcome did not differ between dispatcher-assisted and -unassisted CPR (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-1.08). Chest-compression-only CPR resulted in better favorable neurological outcome than standard CPR in the whole cohort (adjusted OR, 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00-1.18) and in the subgroup with cardiac etiology (adjusted OR, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.22). The addition of rescue breathing provided no neurological benefit in the non-cardiac etiology subgroup. CONCLUSIONS In the 30:2 CPR era, dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction contributed to an increase of chest-compression-only bystander CPR, supporting the use of chest-compression-only CPR for bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in all adults.
Efficacy of three insect repellents against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis

Three commercial repellents marketed in South Africa: Bio‐SkincareTM (BSC, oils of coconut, jojoba, rapeseed and vitamin E), MosiguardTM towelletes with 0.574 g quwenling (p‐menthane‐3,8‐diol, PMD) and the standard deet (15% diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide, TabardTM lotion), were compared against a laboratory colony of the mosquito Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae), the predominant malaria vector in South Africa. Human forearms were treated with 1.2 g BSC, 0.8 g PMD towelette or 0.5 g deet and exposed to 200 hungry An. arabiensis females for 1 min, at intervals of 1–6 h post‐treatment. Tests were conducted by three adult male volunteers (aged 30–45 years, crossover controlled test design for 3 consecutive days), using their left arm for treatment and right arm for untreated control. Biting rates averaged 39–52 bites/min on untreated arms. All three repellents provided complete protection against An. arabiensis for up to 3–4 h post‐application; deet and PMD gave 90–100% protection up to 5–6 h, but BSC declined to only 52% protection 6 h post‐treatment. These results are interpreted to show that all three repellent products give satisfactory levels of personal protection against An. arabiensis for 4–5 h, justifying further evaluation in the field.