Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERNET DOMAINS PROMOTING AGROTOURIST FARMS

Abstract Many agrotourist farms use the potential of websites to distinguish their offer from others to attract as many guests as possible. However, maintaining a website is connected with a range of costs, e.g. registering the domain and the hosting package. Searching for cost savings, the owners of agrotourist farms often face the dilemma of choosing between a payable website and its free equivalent. The aim of this article is to analyse internet addresses as regards their type and potential, both informative and marketing. The surveys were carried out on a set of 1,121 websites. The analysis included domain names (main names) as well as domain extensions, paying special attention to type and indicating sub-domains at the same time. Division into payable and free was looked for as well. In conclusion, it is shown that the owners of agrotourist farms mostly use national domains, choosing addresses in functional, regional or European domains less frequently. Moreover, they relatively rarely use addresses created on free services. In their place, they choose free sub-domains often created in the domain of the provider hosting a regional (informative) portal or another.
Bullying victimization prevalence and its effects on psychosomatic complaints: can sense of coherence make a difference?

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of bullying victimization and its impact on physical and psychological complaints in a representative sample of adolescents and to explore the role of sense of coherence (SOC) in victimization prevalence and consequences. METHODS A representative sample of Spanish adolescents (N = 7580, mean age = 15.41) was selected as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Bullying victimization, physical and psychological symptoms, and SOC were measured, and comparisons were made between strong- and weak-SOC adolescents regarding their likelihood of being a victim of bullying and the negative effects of bullying victimization on their health. RESULTS Weak-SOC adolescents were significantly more likely to suffer from bullying victimization regardless of type (nonphysical vs physical and nonphysical) or means (traditional vs cyberbullying). In addition, bullying victimization showed significant increasing effects on weak-SOC adolescents' physical and psychological symptoms whereas in strong-SOC adolescents it was not significantly associated with increases in physical complaints and its effects on psychological complaints seemed to be weaker. CONCLUSIONS Weak-SOC adolescents seem to be at higher risk of becoming bullying victims and victimization experiences appear to have increased negative effects on them when compared to strong-SOC students.
Structural Determinants at the Interface of the ARC2 and Leucine-Rich Repeat Domains Control the Activation of the Plant Immune Receptors Rx1 and Gpa21[C][W][OA]

Cooperative interactions between the sensor domain and the molecular switch domain of plant immune receptors are structurally defined. Many plant and animal immune receptors have a modular nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) architecture in which a nucleotide-binding switch domain, NB-ARC, is tethered to a LRR sensor domain. The cooperation between the switch and sensor domains, which regulates the activation of these proteins, is poorly understood. Here, we report structural determinants governing the interaction between the NB-ARC and LRR in the highly homologous plant immune receptors Gpa2 and Rx1, which recognize the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and Potato virus X, respectively. Systematic shuffling of polymorphic sites between Gpa2 and Rx1 showed that a minimal region in the ARC2 and N-terminal repeats of the LRR domain coordinate the activation state of the protein. We identified two closely spaced amino acid residues in this region of the ARC2 (positions 401 and 403) that distinguish between autoactivation and effector-triggered activation. Furthermore, a highly acidic loop region in the ARC2 domain and basic patches in the N-terminal end of the LRR domain were demonstrated to be required for the physical interaction between the ARC2 and LRR. The NB-ARC and LRR domains dissociate upon effector-dependent activation, and the complementary-charged regions are predicted to mediate a fast reassociation, enabling multiple rounds of activation. Finally, we present a mechanistic model showing how the ARC2, NB, and N-terminal half of the LRR form a clamp, which regulates the dissociation and reassociation of the switch and sensor domains in NB-LRR proteins.
Organizational work-life policies and the gender wage gap in European workplaces

Many organizations in Europe offer work–life policies to enable men and women to combine work with family life. The authors argue that the availability of organizational work–life policies can also reduce gender inequality in wages. The authors test their expectations using the European Sustainable Workforce Survey, with data from 259 organizations and their employees in 9 European countries. Multilevel analyses show that organizations that offer work–life policies have a smaller gender wage gap. Their findings also suggest that both the type and number of policies matter. Contrary to their expectations, dependent care policies, such as parental leave and childcare support, are less important for the gender wage gap than flexibility policies. Controlling for organizational culture regarding family supportiveness does not alter the results.
Site-specific modification of Alzheimer's peptides by cholesterol oxidation products enhances aggregation energetics and neurotoxicity

Accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and tau aggregates, possibly linked to age-associated deficiencies in protein homeostasis, appear to cause Alzheimer's disease. Schiff-base formation between Aβ and the aldehyde-bearing cholesterol oxidation product 3-β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al is known to increase Aβ amyloidogenicity. Here, we synthesized Aβ variants site-specifically modified with the cholesterol aldehyde at Asp-1, Lys-16, or Lys-28, rather than studying mixtures. These distinct modifications have a similar effect on the thermodynamic propensity for aggregation, enabling aggregation at low concentrations. In contrast, the modification site differentially influences the aggregation kinetics; Lys-16-modified Aβ formed amorphous aggregates fastest and at the lowest concentration (within 2 h at a concentration of 20 nM), followed by the Lys-28 and Asp-1 conjugates. Also, the aggregates resulting from Aβ Lys-16 cholesterol aldehyde conjugation were more toxic to primary rat cortical neurons than treatment with unmodified Aβ under identical conditions and at the same concentration. Our results show that Aβ modification by cholesterol derivatives, especially at Lys-16, renders it kinetically and thermodynamically competent to form neurotoxic aggregates at concentrations approaching the physiologic concentration of Aβ.
Comparison of antiplatelet effects of prasugrel and ticagrelor in cynomolgus monkeys by an ELISA-based VASP phosphorylation assay and platelet aggregation

Summary Prasugrel is the third generation thienopyridine prodrug, and ticagrelor is a non-competitive direct acting P2Y12 antagonist. In phase 3 studies, both agents reduced ischaemic event rates compared to clopidogrel. The present in vitro human and monkey studies showed that ticagrelor’s active metabolite (AM) was more potent than ticagrelor and prasugrel’s AM on inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by light transmission aggregometry and ELISA-based vasodilatorstimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation assay. In contrast, on an oral dosage basis (mg/kg), prasugrel showed more potent platelet inhibition compared to ticagrelor on ex vivo aggregation and VASP phosphorylation assays in monkeys. Single oral doses of prasugrel (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) resulted in robust antiplatelet effects, which were sustained up to 24 hours after administration. Ticagrelor (3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) also showed significant antiplatelet effects but its effects were diminished at 24 hours after the dosing. Repeat administration of prasugrel (1.8 mg/kg loading dose [LD], 0.3 mg/kg once daily maintenance dose [MD]) showed more rapid antiplatelet effects and longer duration of action throughout the entire day. Twice a day repeat administration of ticagrelor (10 mg/kg bid MD following a single 20 mg/kg LD) also showed significant antiplatelet effects but with more intra-day variability compared to prasugrel. The in vitro and ex vivo studies showed strong correlations between platelet aggregation and VASP phosphorylation for prasugrel, ticagrelor and their AMs. These strong correlations between platelet aggregation and VASP phosphorylation in non-human primates also suggest that ELISA-based human VASP assay can be utilised for non-human primate platelet studies.
Vection in Patients with Glaucoma

Purpose Large moving scenes can induce a sensation of self-motion in stationary observers. This illusion is called “vection. ” Glaucoma progressively affects the functioning of peripheral vision, which plays an important role in inducing vection. It is still not known whether vection can be induced in these patients and, if it can, whether the interaction between visual and vestibular inputs is solved appropriately. The aim of this study was to investigate vection responses in patients with mild to moderate open-angle glaucoma. Methods Fifteen patients with mild to moderate glaucoma and 15 age-matched controls were exposed to a random-dot pattern at a short viewing distance and in a dark room. The pattern was projected on a large screen and rotated clockwise with an angular speed of 45 degrees per second to induce a sensation of self-rotation. Vection latency, vection duration, and objective and subjective measures of tilt were obtained in three viewing conditions (binocular, and monocular with each eye). Each condition lasted 2 minutes. Results Patients with glaucoma had longer vection latencies (p = 0.005) than, but the same vection duration as, age-matched controls. Viewing condition did not affect vection responses for either group. The control group estimated the tilt angle as being significantly larger than the actual maximum tilt angle measured with the tilt sensor (p = 0.038). There was no relationship between vection measures and visual field sensitivity for the glaucoma group. Conclusions These findings suggest that, despite an altered visual input that delays vection, the neural responses involved in canceling the illusion of self-motion remain intact in patients with mild peripheral visual field loss.
Electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of magnesium and sodium ion content in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

Whereas in blood cells decreased magnesium concentrations and increased sodium concentrations in essential hypertension have often been described, only sparse data exist on cellular magnesium or sodium content in vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, in aortic smooth muscle cells from seven spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Münster strain and seven normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), the intracellular magnesium and sodium content were measured by electron-probe X-ray microanalysis. Measurements were performed in aortic cryosections 3 µm thick. The magnesium ion content was 0.93±0.17 g/kg dry weight in SHR vs 1.14±0.12 g/kg dry weight in WKY (p<0.05). Vascular smooth muscle sodium ion content was measured at 6.85±0.59 g/kg dry weight in WKY and 12.47±1.62 g/kg dry weight in SHR (p<0.05). In conclusion, aortic smooth muscle cells from SHR are characterized by a markedly lowered intracellular magnesium ion content and increased sodium ion concentrations compared with normotensive cells. The results may be due to genetically determined disturbances in transmembrane magnesium and sodium ion transport. Cellular magnesium and sodium handling may be disturbed in SHR aortic smooth muscle as it is in hypertensive blood cells.
The Cartel of Good Intentions

The mere mention of a “cartel” usually strikes fear in the hearts and wallets of consumers and regulators around the globe. Though the term normally evokes images of greedy oil producers or murderous drug lords, a new, more well-intentioned cartel has emerged on the global scene. Its members are the world’s leading foreign aid organizations, which constitute a near monopoly relative to the powerless poor.
A Metacoupler for Converting Propagating Waves to Guided Waves in Wire Waveguides

Propagating electromagnetic waves in free space cannot directly couple to guided waves in waveguides due to momentum mismatch. Here, we propose a method to design a metacoupler that can convert propagating waves into guided waves along wire waveguides in a noninvasive way. The metacoupler is attached to the wire waveguide and imposes an additional wave vector to the scattered waves, thus, filling the momentum gap between the propagating waves and guided waves. Numerical simulations have confirmed the conversion effect in corrugated metal wire and silicon wire waveguides.
The Challenge of Administrative Internationalization: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead

ABSTRACT The study of the processes and effects of internationalization has become a major field of inquiry in the social sciences. This article takes stock of corresponding research efforts in the field of public administration (PA) to understand the internationalization phenomenon by analyzing studies that were systematically sampled from major PA journals over recent decades. After delineating, sampling, categorizing, and subsequently examining the scholarly production of PA regarding what can be understood as the internationalization of domestic PA, three major themes of PA-related debates are identified: diffusion, resistance, and the transformation of bureaucratic power. The article concludes that PA has developed neither genuine research questions nor a coherent theoretical framework able to come to grips with the internationalization challenge. It ends with an appeal for PA to become aware of this deficit and recommends PA scholars liaise more intensively with other social sciences to overcome the current state of affairs.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI (EPEC) STRAINS OF THE CLASSICAL O55 SEROGROUP BY RAPD ANALYSIS

The genetic diversity of 41 typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains of the serogroup O55 was analyzed by using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. All typical EPEC O55 strains were grouped in two clusters (A and C) and belonged to the serotype O55:H6, while cluster B included all atypical strains, which were of the serotype O55:H7. The three groups also included non-motile strains. RAPD may be a useful method for epidemiological studies on E. coli O55 infection.
Hairy/E(spl)-related (Her) genes are central components of the segmentation oscillator and display redundancy with the Delta/Notch signaling pathway in the formation of anterior segmental boundaries in the zebraﬁsh

Metamerism of the body plan is a feature of many animal phyla. The vertebral column and ribs are the most obvious segmental structures of the adult vertebrate, and these mesodermal derivatives, as well as associated muscle and dermis, develop from segmental units of embryonic mesoderm called somites. Somites are clusters of cells that form in an anterior-to-posterior order along both sides of the embryonic body axis by a serial mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of the presomitic, paraxial mesoderm. Each somite possesses a distinct rostral and caudal half, and the epithelial boundaries of somites, the intersomitic furrows, are symmetrical across the midline. The presomitic mesoderm (PSM), despite its unsegmented appearance, possesses a segmental prepattern mirrored by segmentally restricted and polarized gene expression in the anterior of the PSM, including cell adhesion molecules, muscle differentiation factors and genes of the Delta/Notch signaling pathway. Some Delta/Notch genes are also expressed in dynamic striped patterns that lack segmental polarity in more posterior regions of the PSM and tailbud. Indeed, Delta/Notch signaling appears to have an important role in controlling vertebrate somitogenesis. In mouse and z brafish, mutations in genes coding for cell surface ligands of the Delta family (Bulman et al., 2000; Holley et al., 2000; Hrabe de Angelis et al., 1997; Kusumi et al., 1998), in transmembrane receptors of the Notch family (Conlon et al., 1995; Krebs et al., 2000) or in components of the signal transduction pathway from the Notch receptor (Donoviel et al., 1999; Evrard et al., 1998; Oka et al., 1995; Shen et al., 1997; Wong et al., 1997; Zhang and Gridley, 1998) result in aberrant somitogenesis. These defects are visible as irregularly shaped somites with bilaterally asymmetrical boundaries and a loss of rostrocaudal polarity within each somite. An important feature of these mutant phenotypes is that as increasingly posterior somites are made, the severity of the defects increases. In Drosophila and vertebrates, Delta/Notch signaling is modulated by the glycosyltransferase activity encoded by the 2929 Development 129, 2929-2946 (2002) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 DEV2854
Revisiting the importance of casual dining experience quality: an empirical study

Purpose This paper aims to explore the dimensions of experience quality in the area of Indonesia casual dining restaurant. Furthermore, this study scrutinizes the interrelationships among experience quality, customer satisfaction, restaurant image, brand engagement and customer loyalty in Indonesia’s casual dining restaurant industry. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the research objectives, two consecutive studies were conducted. The first study was an exploratory study involving two focus group discussions and survey with self-administered questionnaires. The second study was an explanatory study, in which data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. A total of 405 respondents participated in this study. In the first study, the collected data were analysed by exploratory factor analysis, while partial least squares was used in the second study. Findings The result of exploratory factor analysis indicated that casual dining experience quality has four dimensions, namely, food aspects, interaction quality, physical environment and service outcome. This study also tests the interrelationship between experience quality and customer loyalty, customer satisfaction, restaurant image and brand engagement. The hypothesis testing shows that food aspect and interaction quality significantly affect customer satisfaction and restaurant image. Furthermore, customer satisfaction, restaurant image and customer engagement are noted as the antecedents of customer loyalty. Originality/value This study explores the dimension of Indonesian casual dining experience, and it proves that the casual dining experience construct based on Indonesian perspectives consists of four dimensions. Moreover, this study builds a comprehensive model to explain the interrelationship among experience quality, restaurant image, customer satisfaction, brand engagement and customer loyalty in the perspective of Indonesian casual dining restaurant.
A population comparison of participants and nonparticipants in a health survey.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the characteristics of Air Force recruits willing to take part in a health survey vs those unwilling to participate. METHODS US Air Force recruits undergoing basic military training (n = 32,144) were surveyed regarding demographic and health variables. RESULTS Respondents indicating an unwillingness to participate in a health survey reported less healthy lifestyles than those willing to participate. Prediction equations modeling the characteristics of those engaging in 4 risky behaviors were nearly identical regardless of whether those refusing to participate were included. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that, despite some low estimates of health behaviors due to response bias, relationships between most risk factors are generally unaffected by those not responding to health surveys.
Effect of interferon on retrovirus replication.

Interferon block of retrovirus replication can be explained as a consequence of interferon induced changes in physiology (e.g. fluidity) of cellular plasma membranes. Thus, both the membrane associated virus uptake and assembly of progency virus are altered in interferon treated cells (Fig. 1). The relative unsensitivity of retroviral mRNA to the enzymatic systems alternating efficiency of viral mRNA translation in interferon treated cells may be only a relative phenomenon, since the inhibition of viral protein synthesis is observed under conditions of limited viral expression.
Design and performance evaluation of wood-burning cookstoves for low-income households in South Africa

Many cookstove programmes implemented around the world aimed to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions through the dissemination and adoption of improved cookstoves. A study was carried out for the design of wood-burning cookstoves for low-income households in South Africa by employing user-centred design and co-design/co-creation approaches. Six designed variants of the biomass stove were constructed. Water-heating and emissions tests, using black wattle wood, were conducted to evaluate them for thermal and emissions performance. The large hopper stove with two secondary air inlets ranked highest, with best performance regarding thermal and emissions parameters. It outperformed the small hopper stove in time to boil, heat flux and firepower, although the latter had higher thermal efficiency values. Fuel consumption rates were high in large hopper stoves compared with small hopper stoves, resulting in increased firepower. The experimental work showed the need for iterative designing and testing of cookstoves for emissions and thermal performance to identify efficient and less polluting candidate stoves for dissemination in low-income communities.
A model of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis in chickens

We studied the occurrence, magnitude, and kinetics of bacteremia and the resultant osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in an avian model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Thirty‐day‐old male broiler chicks were inoculated i.v. with 105, 106, or 107 cfu of strain Duntravis, a β‐hemolytic, coagulaseproducing, capsular type 8 isolate from the synovial fluid of a 2‐year‐old black boy. Bacteremia occured in 80%, 90%, and 100% of animals inoculated with 105, 106, or 107 cfu, respectively. The magnitude of bacteremia in surviving, bacteremic animals increased for 96 hours after inoculation and then decreased after a plateau phase. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis occurred only in chicks that were continuously bacteremic. The occurrence of osteomyelitis was uniform among continuously bacteremic animals and developed 1 to 23 hours after inoculation. Chickens are susceptible to systemic infections with S. aureus. Bacteremia, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis may be induced in healthy chickens without prior manipulations that depress their resistance.