Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immigration from outside Europe: chance or challenge for social security? Dimensions of a complex topic

Zuwanderung aus Landern von auserhalb Europas oder auserhalb der Europaischen Union steht vielfach auf der politischen Tagesordnung: entweder, um (qualifizierte) Arbeitskrafte anzuwerben oder aber angesichts eines nicht erwunschten Zustroms von Migranten. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit Auswirkungen von Migration auf soziale Sicherung, sowohl auf soziale Sicherungssysteme als auch auf die soziale Sicherung von Personen. Die Auswirkungen konnen je nach Zweig des sozialen Sicherungssystems (Gesundheit, Alter usw.) und ihrer jeweiligen Struktur recht unterschiedlich sein. Migrationsprozesse konnen auch makrookonomische Variable beeinflussen (was relevant z. B. fur die Finanzierung sozialer Sicherungssysteme ist) wie auch die soziale Situation von „Einheimischen“. In diesem Beitrag wird ausschlieslich die Situation in den Zuwanderungslandern betrachtet und hierbei ein Uberblick uber verschiedene Dimensionen dieses hochkomplexen Themenfeldes gegeben. Der Beitrag ist wie folgt strukturiert: Am Beginn stehen Bemerkungen zur Terminologie, die Probleme aufwirft (2). Sodann werden als ein Einflussfaktor einige demographische Daten herangezogen, die fur die Zuwanderung von auserhalb der EU neben anderen Einflussfaktoren von Bedeutung sind (3). Danach werden ausgewahlte Aspekte im Hinblick auf Struktur und Eigenschaften von Migrationen aufgefuhrt, die fur soziale Sicherung relevant sind (4). Soziale Sicherung ist oft eng verknupft mit der Integration von Migranten in den Arbeitsmarkt. Deshalb wird dies als Nachstes erortert (5), bevor im Hauptteil des Beitrags auf Auswirkungen von Migration auf Alterssicherung, das Gesundheitswesen und auf bedurftigkeitsgeprufte Transferzahlungen eingegangen wird (6). Da diese Effekte zum erheblichen Teil masgebend von den jeweiligen institutionellen Regelungen beeinflusst werden, wird zur Illustration die Situation in Deutschland im Vergleich zu Spanien (wo dies moglich ist) herangezogen. Schlieslich werden einige vorlaufige Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf die im Titel des Beitrags gestellte Frage gezogen. Um Antworten uber Auswirkungen von Migration insbesondere aus Landern auserhalb der EU oder von auserhalb Europas zu geben, sind – wie oft in der Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik – Langsschnittdaten erforderlich, um mit ihnen z. B. kohortenspezifische Unterschiede und Entwicklungen zu identifizieren. Auch ist die Heterogenitat von Migranten angemessen zu berucksichtigen. Im Hinblick auf die anzustrebende Migrationspolitik werden einige Zweifel im Hinblick auf eine Strategie formuliert, die auf eine vergleichsweise kurzfristige Zuwanderung ausgerichtet ist (wie sie dem Konzept einer „blue card“ in der EU zugrunde liegt).
A Kalman Filter-Integrated Optical Flow Method for Velocity Sensing of Mobile Robots

This paper presents a Kalman filter (KF)-integrated optical flow method to measure the velocity of mobile robots using a downward-looking camera. Tests conducted earlier by the authors have shown that currently available differential optical flow methods (X. Song, L. D. Seneviratne, K. Althoefer, and Z. Song, “Vision-based velocity estimation for unmanned ground vehicles,” Int. J. Inf. Acquis., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 303-315, 2007) require large image overlap for accurate velocity estimation. This constraint significantly limits the usefulness of this approach in practical applications. To overcome the problem of dealing with large image displacements, a KF is incorporated to efficiently predict the image transformations. Reducing the feature search area, the KF enables the differential optical flow method to rapidly converge and give accurate velocity estimates. The proposed method has been validated on a linear test rig under laboratory conditions and on a mobile platform in an outdoor field. Test results show good performance of the proposed method in velocity measurements with large image displacements. With this improvement, the required image overlap for feature tracking can be reduced approximately from 80% to 20%, resulting in a fourfold increase of the maximum measurable velocity of the mobile platform. The proposed method has good potential in velocity sensing for mobile robots, particularly in cases, where GPS and inertial measurement unit fail or are unavailable.
“Doing It Properly”: The Experience of First Mothering Over 35 Years

First mothering over 35 years is an increasing phenomenon in developed countries, and this “greying” of maternity raises some interesting questions and dilemmas for clinical care. In a qualitative study conducted in Melbourne, Australia, the motherhood experiences of 22 primiparous women were explored. Participant age ranged from 35 to 48 years. Women were interviewed over three junctures: at 35–38 weeks gestation, 10–14 days postpartum, and 8 months postpartum. Becoming a mother was found to occur in a temporally ordered sequence, with clear markers at 1–4 weeks, 1–4 months, 4–6 months, and 6–8 months. Themes that emerged from the analysis included the project “doing it properly,” vulnerability, “finding my own way,” and “being older. ” The continuing and increasing trend of primiparity older than 35 years makes this account of interest globally. Findings from this study offer an alternative explanation of early mothering over 35 years and offers direction to health professionals for easing early motherhood experiences for this growing group of childbearing women.
Avaliação da familiaridade e valência de palavras concretas e abstractas em língua portuguesa

Uma lista de 213 palavras concretas e de 216 palavras abstractas em lingua portuguesa foram avaliadas relativamente a sua familiaridade e valencia percebidas (positividade-negatividade), por uma amostra de estudantes universitarios do curso de psicologia. As medias, desvios padroes e intervalos de confianca de 95%, sao apresentados em tabelas ordenadas para uma ou outra das dimensoes avaliadas.
The Mixe of Oaxaca: Religion, Ritual, and Healing

* Foreword by Munro S. Edmonson * Preface to the Paperback Edition * Acknowledgments * Introduction *1. Social Organization and Kinship *2. Subsistence Agriculture *3. Religious Belief System *4. Calendrical System *5. Ritual Behavior *6. Rites of Passage *7. Village Festivals *8. Medical Concepts and Behavior *9. Postscript * Appendixes * A. Mixe Region * B. Mixe Phonemes * C. Mixe Texts * Notes * Glossary * Mixe * Spanish and Nahuatl * Literature Cited * Index
Efectos de la política fiscal en Uruguay: una aproximación a través de shocks fiscales

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la efectividad de la politica fiscal en Uruguay desde un punto de visto teorico y empirico. Para lograrlo se analizan las principales corrientes teoricas que han investigado el tema y se emplea para el analisis empirico la metodologia econometrica de Vectores Autorregresivos Estructurales (SVAR), basado en el enfoque desarrollado por Blanchard y Perotti. Dicha metodologia permite analizar la efectividad de la politica fiscal en el corto plazo por medio de una caracterizacion de los efectos dinamicos de los shocks fiscales en la actividad economica, tomando en cuenta la estructura de covarianzas de los shocks en las variables. Dado que por shock fiscal se entiende a la politica no sistematica, el estudio constituye una aproximacion al estudio de la efectividad de la politica fiscal. Las variables endogenas incluidas en el SVAR fueron los impuestos netos, los egresos primarios del sector publico y el producto, empleando datos del Gobierno Central, del Banco de Prevision Social y del PIB en el periodo que abarca del primer trimestre de 1989 al segundo de 2007. Los principales resultados encontrados son: los efectos de shocks fiscales en el producto tienen una vida muy corta y relativamente poca relevancia para explicar la varianza del mismo. Asimismo un shock en el gasto primario tiene el signo que predice la teoria keynesiana, provocando un efecto positivo sobre el PIB. Por otra parte, los shocks en el producto resultan de importancia para afectar las variables fiscales, destacando la respuesta positiva del gasto primario.
Isu-isu kontemporari akidah dan dakwah

Perkembangan semasa menuntut segenap lapisan masyarakat Islam meneliti kembali kekuatan akidah dalam diri, kerana era globalisasi memerlukan kepada perkara tersebut. Bukan sekadar menerima erti kata akidah, malah perlu memahami secara mendalam konsep akidah agar masyarakat tidak akan terjebak ke dalam pelbagai penyelewengan yang sekaligus akan merosakkan keutuhan pokok akidah itu sendiri. Dakwah dilihat sebagai perkara penting untuk mempertingkatkan kefahaman yang mendalam terhadap konsep akidah dan menekankan kepada penghayatan yang sebenarnya. Buku ini ditulis bagi memaparkan hakikat kepentingan akidah dan juga bagaimana perlunya dakwah dalam kontek memenuhi tuntutan tersebut. Buku ini memuatkan enam artikel yang berkaitan dengan isu-isu semasa berhubung dengan akidah dan dakwah agar masyarakat memperoleh gambaran yang sebenar tentang isu tersebut.
Continuous measurements of spine movements in normal working situations over periods of 8 hours or more.

A new method is described which permits the continuous recording of spine movements under normal working conditions. Sensors are carried on the skin under the clothing without causing hindrance or discomfort. The signals are recorded on a portable, multi-channel miniature tape recorder which is commercially available for 24-hour recording of patients. The advantage of continuous recording is that a large number of parameters can be calculated by means of signal analysis. Results obtained for different jobs in a pilot study are presented.
An affordances based approach to assisted teleoperation

The introduction of teleoperated robots in scenarios in which human manipulation dexterity does not have to be limited by the teleoperation system is one of the greatest challenges in the field of telecontrol. In this paper we propose an approach for capturing and transferring human manupulative skills to a robotic manipulator that is able to supervise the teleoperation process by means of a proactive support that introduces elastic motion constraints around specific motion primitives. By exploiting not only information about motion, but also the relationships between the manipulator and the objects, in the form of affordances, the system is capable of assisting the human operator in order to improve the teleoperation task performances. We test the algorithm with a Microsoft Kinect RGBD sensor that allows human body pose tracking and the semi-humanoid Baxter Robot by Rethink Robotics as teleoperated platform.
Curcumin induces proapoptotic effects against human melanoma cells and modulates the cellular response to immunotherapeutic cytokines

Curcumin has potential as a chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic agent, but its interactions with clinically relevant cytokines are poorly characterized. Because cytokine immunotherapy is a mainstay of treatment for malignant melanoma, we hypothesized that curcumin could modulate the cellular responsiveness to interferons and interleukins. As a single agent, curcumin induced a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis of human melanoma cell lines, which was most prominent at doses >10 μmol/L. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that curcumin induced apoptosis and revealed caspase-3 processing, poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, reduced Bcl-2, and decreased basal phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). Despite its proapoptotic effects, curcumin pretreatment of human melanoma cell lines inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 protein and downstream gene transcription following IFN-α and IFN-γ as determined by immunoblot analysis and real time PCR, respectively. Pretreatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors with curcumin also inhibited the ability of IFN-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin-2 to phosphorylate STAT proteins critical for their antitumor activity (STAT1 and STAT5, respectively) and their respective downstream gene expression as measured by real time PCR. Finally, stimulation of natural killer (NK) cells with curcumin reduced the level of interleukin-12–induced IFN-γ secretion, and production of granzyme b or IFN-γ upon coculture with A375 melanoma cells or NK-sensitive K562 cells as targets. These data show that although curcumin can induce apoptosis of melanoma cells, it can also adversely affect the responsiveness of immune effector cells to clinically relevant cytokines that possess antitumor properties. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(9):2726–35]
Recent Developments in Microfluidics for Cell Studies

As a technique for precisely manipulating fluid at the micrometer scale, the field of microfluidics has experienced an explosive growth over the past two decades, particularly owing to the advances in device design and fabrication. With the inherent advantages associated with its scale of operation, and its flexibility in being incorporated with other microscale techniques for manipulation and detection, microfluidics has become a major enabling technology, which has introduced new paradigms in various fields involving biological cells. A microfluidic device is able to realize functions that are not easily imaginable in conventional biological analysis, such as highly parallel, sophisticated high‐throughput analysis, single‐cell analysis in a well‐defined manner, and tissue engineering with the capability of manipulation at the single‐cell level. Major advancements in microfluidic device fabrication and the growing trend of implementing microfluidics in cell studies are presented, with a focus on biological research and clinical diagnostics.
Strategy of FK 506 therapy in liver transplant patients: effect of graft function.

In the transplant populations and patients with autoimmune diseases, the quality of liver function significantly influences FK 506 doses, drug trough plasma levels, and kidney function. The interrelationship of these variables has been previously discussed in patients with different kinds of organ transplantation.1 In this report, however, we will concentrate only on liver recipients with different degrees of graft dysfunction, particularly in the perioperative period. From this study, a better understanding has been achieved of FK 506 management strategy in patients with variable quality of liver function.
Capacitive Sensing of Antenna Loading With an R–C Voltage Divider in a Tunable Antenna

This paper presents a capacitive sensor for antenna applications. The sensor is based on measuring voltage in a voltage divider made of a resistor and a capacitor formed in an antenna structure. The purpose of the device is to detect when the user of a mobile device holds a finger near the antenna element and allow triggering of compensation measures to regain antenna performance. A planar monopole antenna with an impedance tuning element was constructed for this purpose, and measurements showed that 10% of lost total efficiency can be regained by applying retuning. The sensor can measure capacitance changes of 5 fF and detect a human finger at up to a distance of 1 cm. Some design issues and caveats are also discussed.
Parameter estimates for direct, maternal, and grandmaternal genetic effects for birth weight and weaning weight in Hereford cattle.

Birth and weaning weights adjusted for age of dam from four lines of Hereford cattle were analyzed to determine the relationships among grandmaternal, maternal, and direct genetic effects. Three lines were selected for 1) weaning weight (WWL), 2) yearling weight (YWL), and 3) an index of yearling weight and muscle score (IXL). The fourth line was an unselected control line (CTL). Numbers of observations ranged from 1,699 (CTL) to 2,811 (WWL), and number of animals in the pedigree file ranged from 2,266 to 3,192. Two animal models were used to obtain estimates by REML using an average information method. Model 1 included random direct and maternal genetic, permanent maternal environmental, and residual environmental effects, and fixed sex x year effects. Model 2 additionally included random grandmaternal genetic and permanent grandmaternal environmental effects. For birth weight, Models 1 and 2 gave almost identical estimates for direct and maternal heritability, and for the fraction of variance that was due to maternal permanent environmental effects. Estimates for grandmaternal heritability could be obtained only for IXL (.03) and CTL (.01). For weaning weight, estimates for direct heritability were similar from both models. Estimates for maternal heritability from Model 1 were . 18, . 20, . 13, and . 20, and corresponding estimates from Model 2 were . 34, . 31, . 13, and . 34 for WWL, YWL, IXL, and CTL, respectively. For IXL, estimates for variances that were due to grandmaternal genetic and grandmaternal permanent environmental variances could not be obtained and were set to zero. Grandmaternal heritability estimates for WWL, YWL, and CTL were . 05, . 09, and . 12. Estimates of correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were -. 13, -. 44, -. 11, and -. 26 for WWL, YWL, IXL, and CTL. Estimates of correlations between direct and grandmaternal genetic effects were . 21, . 83, and . 55, and those between maternal and grandmaternal genetic effects were -. 99, -. 84, and -. 76 for WWL, YWL, and CTL, respectively. These results indicate that grandmaternal effects may be important for weaning weight and that maternal heritability may be underestimated if grandmaternal effects are not included in the model.
Guided Search 5.0: Meeting the challenge of hybrid search and multiple-target foraging.

The most recent Guided Search model (GS4, Wolfe, 2007) combines serial and parallel processes. Parallel guidance by "preattentive" features prioritizes items for serial selection. Items are selected every ~50 msec, starting a diffusion process that decides if the item is target or distractor. Each diffusion process takes ~300 msec/item. Thus, several items apparently undergo identification in parallel. New extended search paradigms involving multiple possible targets and multiple actual targets in each display require modifications to GS and to other models that assume a single search template and that consider only simple present/absent trial structures. 1: In "Hybrid Search" tasks, observers search visual arrays for any of N distinct target items, held in memory. This is quite easy, even for memory sets of 100 unique objects (Wolfe, 2012). This suggests that selection of each visual item may start accumulation of information to each of N decision boundaries in parallel. Moreover large memory sets show that observers' "search templates" aren't limited to the current contents of working memory. 2: In foraging experiments, observers look for multiple instances of the same target (e.g., berry picking). Uncertainty about the number of targets requires new search termination rules. GS5 adopts these from Optimal Foraging Theory within a Bayesian framework in which observers are continually updating their estimates of target probability in the current display. 3: Finally, in "hybrid foraging" tasks, observers easily search visual arrays for multiple instances of N items held in memory. The speed with which items are collected suggests "multi-tasking" in which observers are simultaneously clicking on one target, storing locations of others, and searching for still more. We seem to require memory for locations of targets that have been identified but not collected. The GS5 architecture has implications for real-world extended search tasks such as radiology or satellite image analysis. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.
Aspects of activity behavior as a determinant of the physical activity level

This study investigated which aspects of the individuals' activity behavior determine the physical activity level (PAL). Habitual physical activity of 20 Dutch adults (age: 26–60 years, body mass index: 24.5±2.7 kg/m2) was measured using a tri‐axial accelerometer. Accelerometer output was used to identify the engagement in different types of daily activities with a classification tree algorithm. Activity behavior was described by the daily duration of sleeping, sedentary behavior (lying, sitting, and standing), walking, running, bicycling, and generic standing activities. Simultaneously, the total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using doubly labeled water. PAL was calculated as TEE divided by sleeping metabolic rate. PAL was significantly associated (P<0.05) with sedentary time (R=−0.72), and the duration of walking (R=0.49), bicycling (R=0.77), and active standing (R=0.62). A negative association was observed between sedentary time and the duration of active standing (R=−0.87; P<0.001). A multiple‐linear regression analysis showed that 75% of the variance in PAL could be predicted by the duration of bicycling (Partial R2=59%; P<0.01), walking (Partial R2=9%; P<0.05) and being sedentary (Partial R2=7%; P<0.05). In conclusion, there is objective evidence that sedentary time and activities related to transportation and commuting, such as walking and bicycling, contribute significantly to the average PAL.
Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Africa: current status

Despite recent high-profile articles [1–3], African invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease remains a major neglected infection responsible for large numbers of deaths across that continent. There are several reasons for this ‘neglected’ status that serve as compelling arguments to support the development of a vaccine against iNTS for Africa. By definition, neglected diseases fail to receive the level of support of better-known infectious diseases in Africa, such as HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. Consequently, progress toward a vaccine against iNTS has been slow. While Salmonella Typhi is the most common form of invasive Salmonella disease in southeast Asia, it is relatively uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa, where distinct types of iNTS dominate. Salmonella Typhimurium (and a monophasic variant that produces Phase I but not Phase II f lagella) and Salmonella Enteritidis are the most common serovars of iNTS throughout the region. Other serovars, such as Dublin and Stanleyville are found in a few percent of cases in certain countries [4]. Lacking a clear pathognomonic clinical presentation, iNTS disease most commonly kills without the patient, family or healthcare professional knowing or suspecting it. Fever is the most common clinical feature and gastrointestinal symptoms occur in under half of the patients. Indeed, a diagnosis is only possible where blood culture is available. This facility is rare in large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. A surprising clinical feature of iNTS disease is its ability to masquerade as severe pneumonia with rapid breathing. This is of concern since current empirical treatment algorithms for severe pneumonia involve therapy with penicillin, with added chloram phenicol or gentamicin for very severe pneumonia [5]. Many African isolates of iNTS are resistant to these antibiotics, particularly penicillin and chloramphenicol. In sub-Saharan Africa, high-risk hosts include young children and HIV-infected individuals, and casefatality rates in both groups are around 20–25%. By contrast, HIV infection does not appear to predispose to infection with Salmonella Typhi in those parts of Africa where typhoid fever is reported [6]. A number of clinical associations with iNTS disease in children in sub-Saharan Africa further confound diagnosis and treatment. Coinfection with iNTS and malaria can lead to the scenario where a child is successfully treated for malaria, yet dies from undiagnosed iNTS. The same can occur in children with severe anemia or malnutrition, as these are also risk factors for iNTS. In adults with HIV infection, recurrent iNTS disease has also been well documented and may arise through recrudescent or de novo infection. Focusing limited global health resources towards dealing with the comorbidities associated with iNTS disease, such as malaria and HIV infection, could be proposed as the solution to the problem of iNTS in sub-Saharan Africa. There is Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Africa: current status