Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Border Effect in Spain

This paper analyses the border effect in Spain using a unique dataset on intranational trade flows over the period 1995-98. The results indicate that, after controlling for market size and distance, Spanish regions trade around 22 times more with the rest of Spain than they do with OECD countries. Moreover, the size of the Spanish bias is lower in the case of the Spanish regions' exports than in the case of imports, although the difference is not statistically significant in most cases. Finally, the border effect is not uniform across Spanish regions. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2005.
Osmophore and elaiophores of Grobya amherstiae (Catasetinae, Orchidaceae) and their relation to pollination.

Grobya amherstiae flowers release a honey-like scent produced by an osmophore, comprising a papillate epidermis. The scent attracts bee pollinators (Paratetrapedia fervida), which collect floral oils produced by elaiophores on the lip apex and column base. The secretory tissue of the elaiophore on the lip apex consists of both palisade-like epidermal cells and conspicuously elongated unicellular trichomes. From an anatomical point of view, this elaiophore differs in structure from those known in angiosperms to date. The elaiophore on the column base is exclusively composed of short unicellular trichomes. In addition, there is an elaiophore comprising a papillate epidermis on the internal surface of the lip. The elaiophores produce a heterogeneous secretion, composed of fatty acids and mucilage. The elaiophore on the internal surface of the lip produces oil in non-collectible amounts, but it is enough to maintain the interest of the bees, guiding them to the elaiophore on the column base, a necessary step in pollination. The former elaiophore is here identified as an oil guide and it plays an essential role in ensuring pollination. The presence of three types of elaiophores on the flowers of this species of Orchidaceae is peculiar and noteworthy. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159, 408–415.
The stability of various community types in sand dune ecosystems of northeastern China - Estabilidad de varios tipos de comunidad en ecosistemas de dunas en el noreste de China

The stability of artificial, sand-binding communities has not yet fully studied. A similarity index was developed to evaluate the stability of artificial communities in shifting and semi-fixed sand dunes. This similarity index consisted of 8 indicators (i.e., vegetation cover, Shannon-Wiener Index, biomass, organic matter, Total N, available P and K, and sand particle ratio). The relative weight of these indicators was obtained using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Stability was compared on Artemisia halodendron Turczaninow ex Besser, Bull communities in shifting and semifixed sand dunes, and of Caragana microphylla Lam. communities with different planting ages. The similarity indexes of the A. halodendron communities were 0.24 and 0.54 in shifting and semi-fixed sand dunes, respectively. The peak stability of C. microphylla communities was 0.55, and it was reached when these communities were 20-year-old. It is suggested that A. halodendron communities should be planted preferentially in semi-fixed to moving sand dunes. Furthermore, the planting age of artificial communities should be included in planting programs. This study improved the understanding of some mechanisms contributing to maintain community stability, and is critical for guiding the artificial planting in sand dunes.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of Mytilus galloprovincialis differences in protein expression between intertidal and cultured mussels

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is a unique method of large-scale protein characterisation, and is a powerful approach in the study of protein expression. In the present work, the experimental conditions for 2-DE of foot proteins from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk were established; the technique was performed with intertidal and cultured mussels using Melanie 3 software for data analysis. This powerful technique enabled the visualisation of a total of 750 protein spots consistently expressed in the foot. The intensity of 92 selected spots was compared between intertidal and cultured mussels, and statistically significant differences were detected in the expres- sion of 45 (48.9%) of the 92 proteins analysed. In 31 of these proteins, intensity was higher in the cul- tured stock than in the intertidal mussels, while in 14 proteins spot intensity was higher in the latter. Using mass spectrometry (MS) combined with sequence database searching, 6 of the most prominent differentially expressed proteins were analysed. Of these, 1 was identified as being Heat-shock Pro- tein 70, and 2 were shown to be cytoskeleton-associated proteins, myosin and actin. Heat-shock Protein 70, which is known to be involved in cellular transport and chaperoning and associated with stress situations, was more highly expressed in intertidal mussels living in littoral areas than in cultured mussels. These findings are discussed in connection with the molecular changes involved in the adaptation of mussels to different ecological conditions.
Analysis of Multiview 3 D Video with Different Quantization Parameters Applying Histogram Method

n this paper, multifractal properties of multiview 3D video are determined. Multifractal spectra are determined by using the histogram method. For the analysis of multiview video, long video traces are used, for multiview video with two views. Differences between multifractal properties of different views of multiview video and different types of frames are highlighted. Additional analysis was performed for the left view of multiview 3D videos for different quantization parameters of the frames.
Network Coding For Data Dissemination : It Is Not What You Know , But What Your Neighbors Know

We propose a linear network coding scheme to disseminate a finite number of data packets in arbitrary networks. The setup assumes a packet erasure channel, slotted time, and that nodes cannot transmit and receive information simultaneously. The dissemination process is completed when all terminals can decode the original data packets. We also assume a perfect knowledge of the information at each of the nodes, but not necessarily a perfect knowledge of the channel. A centralized controller decides which nodes should transmit, to what set of receiver nodes, and what information should be broadcasted. We show that the problem can be thought of as a scheduling problem, which is hard to solve. Thus, we consider the use of a greedy algorithm that only takes into account the current state of the system to make a decision. The proposed algorithm tries to maximize the impact on the network at each slot, i.e. maximize the number of nodes that will benefit from the coded packet sent by each active transmitter. We show that our scheme is considerably better, in terms of the number of slots to complete transmission, than schemes that choose the node with more information as the transmitter at every time slot.
An alternative way to the PWM control of switched reluctance motor drives

The paper presents one alternative method to the conventional PWM control that provides high performance at low speed. The new developed control concept can significantly accomplish the performance of the SRM in terms of efficiency, torque ripple and power quality when compared to standard PWM current control. This control consists of feeding each phase with a constant volt per hertz (V/f) law for low speed range. The suggested V/f method is simple and is easy for practical implementation. Principle of this mode of control and analytical expressions for current calculation are provided and discussed. Obtained simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Segmented Switchers and Retailer Price Promotion Strategies: Theory and Application to Internet Pricing

Empirical studies reveal a surprisingly wide variety of price promotion strategies among retailers, even among Internet sellers of undifferentiated homogenous goods such as books and music CD’s. Several empirical findings remain puzzling, particularly that within the same market some small retailers decide to deeply discount, while other small retailers forgo the price-sensitive switchers and price high to play their niche. We present theoretical and empirical analyses that address these varied pricing strategies. Our model of three asymmetric firms shows that under multiple switcher segments, where different switchers compare prices at different retailers, firm-specific loyalty is not sufficient to explain the variety of retailer pricing strategies. We demonstrate that a retailer’s pricing strategy is driven by the ratio of the size of switcher segments for which the retailer competes to its loyal segment size. The relative switcher-to-loyal ratios among retailers explain when a firm is more or less inclined to discount deeply or frequently. We thereby identify when a small firm finds it optimal to play the niche and price high, despite having few loyals, or to discount and go for the switchers. Our analysis reveals several interesting findings, such as a small firm that benefits from strategically limiting its access to switchers. The results of two empirical studies confirm our model’s predictions for varied retailer pricing strategies in the context of Internet booksellers.
The Influence of Cultural Environment and Husbands' Support to the Success of Enterpreneurship Mediated by the Ability to Enterpreneurship and the Role of Government (Studies on women native trader community in traditional market in Jayapura)

Cultural communities living in Papua province, especially society in Jayapura is dominantly have agricultural/farm and a pig husbandry. However, agricultural activities/field is not oriented on the market, but only oriented to the fulfillment of everyday family consumption, as a means to establish familiarity with relatives/other close family and to improve the social status in the society. Discussion of the direct influence of these variables, refer to the results of hypothesis testing of direct influence, namely: 1) the influence of the cultural environment on the ability of entrepreneurship, 2) the effect on the ability of husband's support to entrepreneurship, 3) the influence of the cultural environment of success, 4) the effect of husband's support to the success of, and 5) the impact of entrepreneurship skills for success. Cultural environment significantly influence the ability and success of women traders indigenous entrepreneurship. Further support for the husband actually significant negative effect on entrepreneurial success, and do not significantly affect the increase in entrepreneurship skills. Negative effects occur because the husband support the wife operating results used for consumptive purposes (tobacco, areca nut, and liquor), which could result in domestic violence (Domestic Violence) if the husband demands were not met. Besides the ability to entrepreneurship as a mediating cultural environment significantly affect the success of women native entrepreneurs traders. Role of direct government is not to increase entrepreneurial success and also not able to act to strengthen the relationship between the environment and cultural moderation husband's support for entrepreneurial success. This study was able to prove originality integrated model of the relationship between the cultural environment of the indigenous women's business success is mediated by the ability of entrepreneurship.
The Role of Cognitive and Affective Corporate Reputation in Investor Behavior: An Empirical Investigation in Egyptian Stock Exchange Market

The aim of this empirical study is to examine the perceptions of individual investors in the stock market in Egypt of the construct of corporate reputation and to test the linkages between perceived corporate reputation, perceived trust, affective commitment and investor behavioral outcomes. This study extents the view beyond the cognitive corporate reputation and shed light on the role of affective corporate reputation on investor’s behavioral outcomes. Five hypotheses were tested on a sample of 220 individual investors in Egyptian stock exchange market out of 384 distributed, giving a response rate of 55 per cent. Partial least squares structural equation modeling tool (PLS-SEM) was used to assess the relationships among variables under investigation. The study results confirm that perceived corporate reputation of an individual investor has an important role in explaining his/her behavioral outcomes. Specifically, the results clearly indicated that the cognitive dimension not only dominates in the corporate reputation construct but also has an impact on behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, the finding confirms that affective corporate reputation is a dimension relevant to the reputations of companies; however, its contribution is relatively low compared to cognitive dimensions of corporate reputation in influencing the behavioral outcomes of investors. The results additionally show the direct and multiple mediated effects that link cognitive and affective corporate reputation to investor trust, affective commitment, and investor behavioral outcomes. In particular, the empirical results of this study provide evidence of the positive and significant effect of reputation on behavioral outcomes through the investor trust. However, the study's findings also provide evidence that the indirect relation between affective corporate reputation and investor behavioral outcomes is not straightforward. As a mediator, only investor trust mediates the impact of affective corporate reputation on investor behavioral outcomes, but it is not a strong effect.
DETECTION OF OH+ IN TRANSLUCENT INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS: NEW ELECTRONIC TRANSITIONS AND PROBING THE PRIMARY COSMIC RAY IONIZATION RATE

We present the detection of rotationally resolved electronic transitions in the OH+ A3Π–X3Σ− (0, 0) and (1, 0) bands toward CD-32 4348, HD 63804, HD 78344, and HD 80077. These four translucent clouds have been studied in a recent Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph observational run. In total, seven absorption features of OH+ are detected, and six of them are identified here for the first time, providing a precise tool to trace OH+ in translucent interstellar clouds. An improved set of line positions and oscillator strengths is compiled to support our data interpretation. A dedicated analysis of the observed features in individual targets yields an accurate determination of OH+ column densities. The results are applied to estimate the primary cosmic ray ionization rate in the investigated translucent clouds, which yields a typical value of ∼1.0 × 10−16 s−1. In addition, following this work, two of the new interstellar features recently reported by Bhatt & Cami, at ∼3572.65 and 3346.96 Å, can be identified as OH+ absorption lines now.
Development of an index to assess the brand image of tourist destinations

A destination's image constitutes a central factor in the different models that analyze travel decision-making and its selection (Moutinho, 1984; Chon, 1990; Baloglu & McCleary, 1999). The studies consulted sug- gest that destinations with a positive image will have a higher probability of being considered and finally chosen in the selection process. The aim of this study is to propose a methodology for measuring brand image as an entirely psychological construct, deriving from the subjects' perceptions of its component attributes. To develop and evaluate this measure, we ana- lyzed the results of a survey of 916 tourists.
Studying the Relationship Between Developmental Math Student Attitudes and Academic Achievement

Existing Survey Instrument Items Graphs Jasmine Olson Dr. Bingen Mathematics University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between students’ levels of confidence and anxiety and academic achievement in the course. The significance of this study is to better understand this relationship in order to create a more effective learning environment. We looked at archival and current survey data. Statistical analysis was applied to the survey data. Based on our results, we changed the focus of the survey to more of a detailed selfefficacy objective. I am more confident in my ability to succeed in math when: When I attend CARE Center hours: When I receive help from CARE Center Tutors I complete the workbook before/while doing the homework: When I see the Instructor, during Office Hours or in the CARE Center, for help When I view the videos for each lesson Using this 5-Point Likert Scale Strongly Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly Agree Studying the Relationship Between Developmental Math Student Attitudes and Academic Achievement Background The Seven Principles of Good Practice in Undergraduate Education focuses on encouraging academic achievement at an undergraduate level. 1. Encourages contacts between students and faculty. 2. Develops reciprocity and cooperation among students. 3. Uses active learning techniques. 4. Gives prompt feedback. 5. Emphasizes time on task. 6. Communicates high expectations. 7. Respects divers talents and ways of learning. The current survey touches on these seven principles broadly. We have changed the survey to incorporate these principles to more specifically address the components of the course. This will allows us to have a better understanding of the relationship of students’ self-efficacy and components of the course design. Findings
Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Content and Anti-oxidant Activity of Dietary Vegetables

The anti-oxidant activity and total phenolic contents of alcoholic extracts from 14 vegetables were evaluated by using a model system consisting of β-carotene and linoleic acid and Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total phenolic of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and ranged from 63 to 33 mg per 100 gm on a fresh weight basic. Chenopodium album , Beta vulgaris, Brassica juncea , pea pods, and Brassica oleracea have high anti-oxidant activity. The anti-oxidant activity expressed as per percent inhibition of oxidation ranged from a high of 70% in Chenopodium album extracts to a low of 25% in Raphanus sativus. Other vegetables found to have high anti-oxidant activity (>60%) were Beta vulgaris, Brassica juncea , pea pods, Brassica oleracea. Anti-oxidant activity correlated linearly significantly and positively with total phenolics. The results indicate that vegetables containing high phenolics may provide a source of dietary anti-oxidants.
Design a Classification System for Brain Magnetic Resonance Image

Automated and accurate classification of brain MRI is such important that leads us to present a new robust classification technique for analyzing magnetic resonance images[Chris 2003]. In this work , the proposed method consist of three stages collection of images, feature extraction , and classification . We are used gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is used to extract features from brain MRI . These features are given as input to k-nearest neighbor( K-NN) classifier to classify images as normal or abnormal brain MRI .
Critical Levels of Iron, Zinc and Boron for Cotton in Varamin Rigion

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Varamin ) an important industrial crop of Iran, is grown in 300,000 ha, with an average seed -cotton yield of 1750 Kg.ha -1 . The main obstacle in the way of increasing average cotton yield is imbalanced fertilizer use. Along with urea and triple super phosphate, cotton growers also need K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B, so these elements’ critical levels should be determined in cotton fields. Field experiments were conducted in 12 different fields in 1997 to determine critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B in soil, and to study the effects of these micronutrients on the yield and quality of cotton in Varamin region. The experiment design was a randomized complete block one (RCB) with four treatments and three replications. Treatments were; NPK, NPK+Fe, NPK+Zn, and NPK+B. Iron was applied as FeEDDHA (20 kg.ha -1 ), Zn as zinc sulfate (40 Kg.ha -1 ), and B as boric acid (20 Kg. ha -1 ) prior to planting. Average seed cotton yield, lint yield, seed index, and boll weight increased significantly by adding Fe, Zn, and B. In a cotton field with higher soil B concentrations, cotton yield decreased with B fertilizer. Critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B were determined based on Cate-Nelson graphical and analysis of variance methods. In graphical method critical levels of Fe, Zn, and B were 4.8, 1.1, and 1.0 mg.Kg -1 soil, respectively, while on the basis of analysis of variance method, these levels were 5.5, 1.1, and 1.3 mg.kg -1 soil, respectively. In one field, boll shedding decreased by Zn and Fe treatments but was not affected by B addition. Iron to Zn ratio in cotton leaves increased at Fe treatment and decreased in Zn treatments. Boron treatment increased B content of leaves. Furthermore, zinc sulfate decreased B toxicity in the cotton leaves. In short, applying micronutrients increased quality and yield of cotton in Varamin region.
Clinical Pharmacology of Cefotaxime in Neonates and Infants: Effects and Pharmacokinetics

Cefotaxime is a bactericidal "third generation" cephalosporin has a broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive microorganisms and exceptional activity against most gram-negative microorganisms. Cefotaxime is widely considered to be the antibiotic of choice for the management of neonatal meningitis and sepsis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Cefotaxime is active against Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella specimens, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter species, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In neonates, the recommended dose of cefotaxime is 25 mg/kg every 6 hours by intravenous or intramuscular administration. Some authors administered cefotaxime at a daily dose of 150 or 300 mg/kg. After the intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg cefotaxime every 6 hours, the serum concentrations of this antibiotic are 56.9+28.7 µg/ml at 1 hour and 3.66+5.65 µg/ml at 6 hours after the administration. The cerebrospinal fluid concentration of cefotaxime, measured 1 hour after the intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg cefotaxime, is 3.72+5.57 µg/ml. The MIC50 (µg/ml) and the MBC50 (µg/ml) are 0.024+0.026 and 0.064+0.054, respectively, for Haemophilus influenzae, 0.062+0.034 and 0.240+0.027, respectively, for Streptococcus pneumoniae and 0.057+0.088 and 0.283+0.44, respectively, for Neisseria meningitis. In neonates, the half-life of cefotaxime is 2 to 6 hours, it varies with gestational and postnatal ages, and the clearance and distribution volume are 0.074+0.03 l/h/kg and 0.461+0.027 l/kg, respectively. Cefotaxime diffuses in tissues and penetrates into the cerebrospinal fluid. This antibiotic is safe and well tolerated in neonates. The aim of this study is to review the effects and pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in neonates and infants.
Performance Evaluation of Cloud Data Centers with Batch Task Arrivals

ABSTRACT Accurate performance evaluation of cloud computing resources is a necessary prerequisite for ensuring that quality of service (QoS) parameters remain within agreed limits. In this chapter, we consider cloud centers with Poisson arrivals of batch task requests under total rejection policy; task service times are assumed to follow a general distribution. We describe a new approximate analytical model for performance evaluation of such systems and show that important performance indicators such as mean request response time, waiting time in the queue, queue length, blocking probability, probability of immediate service, and probability distribution of the number of tasks in the system can be obtained in a wide range of input parameters.