Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 MONITORING DEFORMATION OF WATER DEFENSE STRUCTURES USING SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY

The majority of the Dutch population is living on land reclaimed from the sea, below the high water levels of the sea, large river s and lakes. Seventy percent of the gross national product is earned in these vulnerable area s. Therefore, the safety of the water defense systems (WDS) is of paramount importance to sustain Dutch society. Failure can have catastrophic humanitarian and socio-economic conseq uences. The primary water defense systems form a protection against flooding from the sea, the main rivers, and the large lakes, for which failure would have dramatic consequences. Monitoring the status of WDS is particularly difficult, partly because of their lar ge extent: 17000 km in the Netherlands. Inspection methods rely largely on expert observers , who perform yearly manual (visual) inspections, a method that has been unchanged since the centuries. Consequently, such observations are infrequent, subjective and qualita tive. Here we show that satellite radar interferometry, using a new methodology derived fro m earlier results on persistent scatterer interferometry, is able to detect more than 90% of the primary water barriers around the main open waters of the Netherlands; the Waddenzee and t he IJsselmeer. The results show that it is possible to derive millimeter scale deformation and to assess whether the outer dike structure remains intact after strong storms.
B 98 , 245107 ( 2018 ) High-order symbolic strong-coupling expansion for the Bose-Hubbard model

Tao Wang ( ),1,2 Xue-Feng Zhang ( ),3,2,4,* Chun-Feng Hou,5 Sebastian Eggert,2 and Axel Pelster2 1School of Science, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 438000 Wuhan, China 2Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany 3Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People’s Republic of China 4Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany 5Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Inconsistent clinical outcomes following afatinib treatment in NSCLC patients harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutation

Background Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations consist of a heterogeneous population of molecular alterations, and the available clinical data on the outcomes of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring uncommon EGFR mutations following afatinib treatment are limited. The purpose of this pooled analysis was to investigate the clinicopathological features of patients with uncommon EGFR mutations (um-EGFRms) along with their treatment response and survival outcomes following afatinib treatment. Methods We performed a literature search in the NCBI PubMed database to identify relevant articles and conducted this pooled analysis based on 70 studies. The relationships between patient clinical characteristics, EGFR mutation type and the response to afatinib treatment were analyzed using univariate chi-square analysis, and survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Data from a total of 99 patients were included in the pooled analysis. The objective response rate (ORR) to treatment with afatinib was53.5%, with a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 9.0 months. For patients administered first-line afatinib treatment, the ORR and median PFS were 73.5% and 15.6 months, respectively, which were both superior to those of patients treated with second- or later-line treatments (ORR:37.0%, p < 0.001; mPFS: 6.0months, p = 0.001). Moreover, patients with a single um-EGFRm were more likely to have a favorable response and prognosis benefit after treatment with afatinib than patients with multiple one (ORR: 63.3% vs 38.5%, p=0.017; mPFS: 15.6 months vs 6.0 months,p=0.010). Moreover, single um-EGFRm were independent predictive factors for better treatment response and superior PFS. Subgroup analysis indicated that patients harboring major um-EGFRms (i.e., L861Q, G719X, and S768I) exhibited the best treatment responses and prognoses (ORR: 74.1%, mPFS: 15.6 months), by contrast, patients harboring multiple um-EGFRms comprising 19del/L858R had the worst treatment responses and prognoses (ORR: 23.5%, mPFS: 5.6months). Conclusions Patients with um-EGFRms exhibit favorable but inconsistent responses and survival outcomes following afatinib treatment, which closely related to the mutation pattern and cooccurring partner mutant genes. Administering afatinib for the treatment of patients with um-EGFRm might be considered an effective treatment option in some circumstances, but this recommendation requires further clinical studies for verification.
A surgical case of cerebellar tuberculoma caused by a paradoxical reaction while on therapy for tuberculosis spondylitis

Background: A paradoxical reaction (PR) is a phenomenon in which the primary tuberculous lesion worsens or another de novo tuberculous lesion appears while on anti-tuberculosis therapy. Here, we report a rare case of cerebellar tuberculoma caused by a PR during therapy for lumbar tuberculous spondylitis (Pott’s disease). Case Description: A 47-year-old male with human immunodeficiency virus seronegative was diagnosed with lumber tuberculous spondylitis (Pott’s disease) and prescribed anti-tuberculous agents. His lower back pain and inflammatory condition recovered after initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy. Two months later, he complained of headache, nausea, and staggering. Magnetic resonance images revealed a ring-enhanced lesion located at the cerebellar hemisphere extending to the vermis, which caused perifocal edema and bilateral ventriculomegaly. These findings were consistent with his symptoms of hydrocephalus. He did not have preceding clinical findings of meningitis, and a PR was suggested to cause de novo aggregation of cerebellar tuberculoma. A lesionectomy was performed, and the surgical specimen was pathologically diagnosed as a tuberculoma. He recovered well from neurological disorders after the resection. Conclusion: De novo formation of intracranial tuberculoma alone caused by a PR without preceding meningitis is very rare. Lesionectomy is needed for intracranial tuberculoma, which manifests as a mass effect, as well as antituberculous therapy.
Ion dynamics in capacitively coupled argon–xenon discharges

An argon–xenon (Ar/Xe) plasma is used as a model system for complex plasmas. Based on this system, symmetric low-pressure capacitively coupled radiofrequency discharges are examined utilizing particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulations. In addition to the simulation, an analytical energy balance model fed with the simulation data is applied to analyze the findings further. This work focuses on investigating the ion dynamics in a plasma with two ion species and a gas mixture as background. By varying the gas composition and driving voltage of the single-frequency discharge, fundamental mechanics of the discharge, such as the evolution of the plasma density and the energy dispersion, are discussed. Thereby, close attention is paid to these measures’ influence on the ion energy distribution functions at the electrode surfaces. The results show that both the gas composition and the driving voltage can significantly impact the ion dynamics. The mixing ratio of argon to xenon allows for shifting the distribution function for one ion species from collisionless to collision dominated. The mixing ratio serves as a control parameter for the ion flux and the impingement energy of ions at the surfaces. Additionally, a synergy effect between the ionization of argon and the ionization of xenon is found and discussed.
The diadromous watersheds-ocean continuum: Managing diadromous fish as a community for ecosystem resilience

Diadromous fishes play important ecological roles by delivering ecosystem services and making crucial connections along the watersheds-ocean continuum. However, it is difficult to fully understand the community-level impacts and cumulative benefits of diadromous fish migrations, as these species are most often considered individually or in small groups. Their interactions at a community level (e.g., interdependencies such as predation, co-migration, and habitat conditioning) and the connections between their ecosystem roles and functions (e.g., cumulative marine-derived nutrient contributions, impacts on stream geomorphology) are yet to be fully understood. Similarly, freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems are often considered as independent parts, limiting understanding of the importance of connections across systems. We argue that not considering the ecosystem interdependence and importance of diadromous fish as a community currently hinders the implementation of the large-scale management required to increase ecosystem resilience and fish productivity across the full range of these species. We developed a conceptual model, the Diadromous Watersheds-Ocean Continuum (DWOC), that uses ecosystem services to promote a more holistic approach to the management of the diadromous community and encourages an integrated understanding of the ecosystem connections made by these species. DWOC provides a framework for discussions that can help identify research and management needs, discuss the trade-offs of different management options, and analyze what pressing questions impede the implementation of large-scale management solutions toward a more ecosystem-based management approach.
Free-Text Assessment in a Virtual Campus

Current web-based learning environments (such as WebCT or LearningSpace) are better at presenting the content than assessing the learning. Indeed, these environments provide sophisticated access to learning content by means of images, videos, sounds, hypertexts, glossaries, etc. However, their main weakness lies in the assessment part. Either the tests are based on rigid technologies such as quiz or multiple-choice questions (MCQ), or a teacher is required to manage forums or asynchronous e-mail exchanges. In this article we present Apex, a module of a web-based learning environment which is able to assess student knowledge based on the content of free texts. The goal of this module is not just to grade student productions but rather to engage students in an iterative process of writing/assessing at a distance. In addition to the preparation of their courses, teachers are required to partition them, to design exam questions, and to select the parts of the course that cover these questions. All courses, questions and student essays are managed by a database which is part of Apex. The assessment relies on Latent Semantic Analysis, a tool which is used to represent the meaning of words as vectors in a high-dimensional space. By comparing an essay and the text of a given course on a semantic basis, our system can measure how well the essay matches the course. Various assessments are presented to the student regarding the content, the outline and the coherence of the essay. These assessments provide a more authentic feedback than those
Matrix Metalloproteinases In Cancer Biology: A Review

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of proteinases that are involved with the enzymatic breakdown of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane components. These enzymes are important in regulating vital physiological functions such as embryonic development, wound healing and tissue remodelling. However, several disorders may result from the exaggerated function of these enzymes such as ulcers, rheumatoid arthritis and invasive tumours. In tumours, the effect of these enzymes is not limited to invasion as it was traditionally believed but it also extends to the other oncogenic hallmark processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and evasion from apoptosis. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms involved in these enzymes in cancerous tissue based on recent literature. Several reviews have highlighted the function of these enzymes in malignancies however the aim of this was to provide more recent overview to their role in malignant transformation and progression and in a briefer approach summarizing the complex molecular pathways. Online databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science and MEDLINE were used to identify relevant articles. This approach would assist researchers by providing a list of the potential molecular targets in the sequence of changes related to these enzymes. This might help in designing a safer and a more specific targeted treatment for patients with cancer.
Moderated-mediation analysis of multimorbidity and health-related quality of life among the Chinese elderly: The role of functional status and cognitive function

Objectives To investigate the relationship between multimorbidity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and explore the effects of functional status and cognitive function on Chinses elderly behind this relationship. Methods The Multivariate logistic regression and Tobit regression models were used to determine the influence of multimorbidity on HRQoL. Bootstrap analysis was used to probe the mediating effects of functional status and the moderating role of cognition on multimorbidity and HRQoL. Results Results of the 2,887 participants age ≥ 60 years included in the analysis, 51.69% had chronic diseases. Stroke (β = −0.190; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.232, −0.149; p < 0.001) and the combination of hypertension and stroke (β = −0.210; 95% CI, −0.259, −0.160; p < 0.001) had the greatest influence on HRQoL. Functional status partially mediated the relationship between the number of non-communicable diseases (No. of NCDs) and HRQoL, while cognitive function had a moderating effect not only in the A-path (No. of NCDs to functional status, β = 0.143; t = 7.18; p < 0.001) and but also in the C-path (No. of NCDs to HRQoL, β = 0.007; t = 6.08; p < 0.001). Conclusion Functional status partially mediated the relationship between multimorbidity and HRQoL in older adults. And cognitive function, if declined, may strengthen this relationship. These findings suggested that improving cognitive function and functional status in those who developed multimorbidity could be a viable prevention or treatment strategy to improve HRQoL in elderly patients.
Effect of different polyamines on some physiological traits, growth, and development of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in salt stress under hydroponic culture conditions

This research was carried out in Pakdasht private greenhouse, to evaluate the effect of potresin, spermine and spermidine on quality and auantity of Basil under conditions of salt stress in 2016-17. This research was done as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The treatments included Putresin, spermine and spermidine at levels 4 (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg / l), salinity stress at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and control treatment without strain. The results showed that the interaction effects between polyamines, salinity and concentration on plant height, fresh/ dry shoot weight, fresh /dry weight of root, fresh/dry leaf weight, leaf chlorophyll content, CAT, POX, and GPX antioxidant enzymes, the ratio of K / Na ratio, ion leakage, proline, was statistically significant at 1% level. Interaction and simultaneous exposure of 150 mg / L spermidine and low salinity had a positive effect on all studied traits. In addition, the results showed that the concentration of 150 mM sodium chloride solution reduced the mentioned traits. However, spermidine improved this condition and symptoms of stress and damages were less observed in spermidine-treated plants. Therefore, it seems that this material can be used to withstand the oxidative stress of plants.
EVALUATION OF CAROTENOIDS FROM PROMISING CLONES OF CRIOLLA POTATO ( Solanum tuberosum GROUP phureja ) FOR USING IN FOOD INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION Corpoica has been studying to find the generation of improved clones of Criolla potatoes (Solanum tuberosum Group phureja), a native Colombian tuber with high export potential. Therefore, Corpoica in collaboration with Universidad de La Salle had studied the agronomic characteristics of promising clones and their physicochemical compositions for a possible industrial implementation in the future. As part of this research, the amount of Caretonoids in promising clones of native Criolla potatoes was evaluated in purpose of producing from their natural pigmentation. The use of synthetic colorants in food processing is becoming more restricted due to new regulation policy that stems from the synthetic colorant’s toxicity, allergic reactions and intolerance (Santos-Soriano, 2007). Rodriguez (Handbook of Food Analytical Chemistry) argued that food processors and technologists have shown a great interest regarding isolation, identification and purification of natural pigments, including Carotenoids, owing to their nutritional value, colorant capacity, as well as their potential involvement in health aids.
Generation of individual daily trajectories by GPT-2

We propose a new method to convert individual daily trajectories into token time series by applying the tokenizer “SentencePiece” to a geographic space divided using the Japan regional grid code “JIS X0,410. ” Furthermore, we build a highly accurate generator of individual daily trajectories by learning the token time series with the neural language model GPT-2. The model-generated individual daily trajectories reproduce five realistic properties: 1) the distribution of the hourly moving distance of the trajectories has a fat tail that follows a logarithmic function, 2) the autocorrelation function of the moving distance exhibits short-time memory, 3) a positive autocorrelation exists in the direction of moving for one hour in long-distance moving, 4) the final location is often near the initial location in each individual daily trajectory, and 5) the diffusion of people depends on the time scale of their moving.
Adaptations in equine appendicular muscle activity and movement occur during induced fore- and hindlimb lameness: An electromyographic and kinematic evaluation

The relationship between lameness-related adaptations in equine appendicular motion and muscle activation is poorly understood and has not been studied objectively. The aim of this study was to compare muscle activity of selected fore- and hindlimb muscles, and movement of the joints they act on, between baseline and induced forelimb (iFL) and hindlimb (iHL) lameness. Three-dimensional kinematic data and surface electromyography (sEMG) data from the fore- (triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi) and hindlimbs (superficial gluteal, biceps femoris, semitendinosus) were bilaterally and synchronously collected from clinically non-lame horses (n = 8) trotting over-ground (baseline). Data collections were repeated during iFL and iHL conditions (2–3/5 AAEP), induced on separate days using a modified horseshoe. Motion asymmetry parameters and continuous joint and pro-retraction angles for each limb were calculated from kinematic data. Normalized average rectified value (ARV) and muscle activation onset, offset and activity duration were calculated from sEMG signals. Mixed model analysis and statistical parametric mapping, respectively, compared discrete and continuous variables between conditions (α= 0.05). Asymmetry parameters reflected the degree of iFL and iHL. Increased ARV occurred across muscles following iFL and iHL, except non-lame side forelimb muscles that significantly decreased following iFL. Significant, limb-specific changes in sEMG ARV, and activation timings reflected changes in joint angles and phasic shifts of the limb movement cycle following iFL and iHL. Muscular adaptations during iFL and iHL are detectable using sEMG and primarily involve increased bilateral activity and phasic activation shifts that reflect known compensatory movement patterns for reducing weightbearing on the lame limb. With further research and development, sEMG may provide a valuable diagnostic aid for quantifying the underlying neuromuscular adaptations to equine lameness, which are undetectable through human observation alone.
1 Governing Climate Change Polycentrically Setting the Scene

Climate change governance has been more than 30 years in the making, but it remains a work in progress. The international climate regime, centred on the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has been heavily criticised for being too slow to produce results (Victor, 2011). In spite of all the resources – time, money, personal reputations – that have been painstakingly invested in the climate change regime, global emissions have still not peaked. Scientists have repeatedly sounded the alarm about the significant ‘gap’ (UNEP, 2016) between current emissions and what is required to ensure that warming does not exceed two degrees Celsius (Jordan et al., 2013). The argument that the international regime will not fully accomplish climate governance is not a new one (Okereke et al., 2009). Over the years, numerous ideas for reform have been floated, many focusing on the various ways in which governance could and should be made more diverse and multilevel (Rayner, 2010). In the late 2000s, Elinor Ostrom was at the forefront of those arguing that ‘new’ and more dynamic forms of governing climate change were not just possible or even necessary, but were in fact already appearing around, below and to the side of the UNFCCC. Her message was a positive one: not all aspects of governance would have to be painstakingly designed by international negotiators. New forms were, she argued, emerging spontaneously from the bottom up, producing a more dispersed and multilevel pattern of governing, which she described as ‘polycentric’ (Ostrom, 2010a). Since then, many others have made very similar remarks. Keohane and Victor (2011: 12) have, for example, likened the growth in the number of new governance initiatives to a ‘Cambrian explosion’. As analysts, we are beginning to learn that much of this ‘groundswell’ (Falkner, 2016) of new activity emerged in the past decade and is conventional in the sense that it links different forms of state-led
Prospects and Challenges of Mobile Learning Implementation: Kuwait HE Case Study

: Mobile learning is a new learning landscape that offers opportunity for collaborative, personal, informal, and students’ centered learning environment. In implementing any learning system such as mobile learning environment, it is important to understand challenges that affect its implementations in aculture. Additionally, learners’ and instructors’ expectations are deemed necessary for consideration. However, there is a lack of studies on this aspect, particularly in the context of Kuwait HE institutions. This research presents opportunities and prospects of m-learning, and discusses challenges and implications facing its implementation. The authors of this paper conducted a study in Kuwait HE to examine both students’ and instructors’ perceptions and attitudes toward this trend of learning, to evaluate its effectiveness, and to investigate cultural and social challenges that affect the implementation of m-learning in Kuwait HE. A questionnaire was administered to 499 students and 110 Instructors from different higher educational institutions in Kuwait. The results reveal that students and instructors have positive perceptions of m-learning, and believe that m-learning enhances the teaching and the learning process. The study reports some social and cultural issues that may act as barriers to m-learning implementation.