Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extension of osmolality-induced podia is observed from fluorescently labeled hematopoietic cell lines in hyperosmotic medium.

BACKGROUND Since the description of long podia extended by hematopoietic cells and cell lines, the reliable elicitation of podia extensions is needed to study these podia systemically. In this study, hyperosmotic stress was considered as an elicitor. METHODS Using two fluorescent membrane dyes PKH2 and PKH26, and an automated fluorescence microscopy system, morphological changes of seven human cell lines (six hematopoietic, one fibrosarcoma) at different osmolalities were monitored. Presence of surface molecules on the hyperosmolality-induced podia (osmopodia) was examined. RESULTS In hyperosmotic medium, cells shrank rapidly, followed by osmopodia extension. Cells exhibited variable number (up to five) and length (up to longer than 100 microm) of osmopodia in about 1 h. Dead cells did not extend podia. Frequency, length, and number of podia were variable among cell lines studied. CD44 and CD45 were not present on the osmopodia, although they were present on the cell surface, showing that osmopodia characteristics differ from the podia observed previously in isotonic media. The osmopodia extension process was shown to be reversible upon repeated osmolality changes. CONCLUSIONS Osmopodia extended by human hematopoietic cell lines display a newly observed cellular morphology and provide a tool for investigation of dynamic cellular response to environmental changes.
Training Hidden Markov Model Structure with Genetic Algorithm for Human Motion Pattern Classification

Physical exercise classification method by hidden Markov model (HMM) is considered in this study. The aim of this study is to discuss the availability of HMM based motion modeling in order to compare human skills. In this paper, a preprocessing technique for observed human motion by self-organizing map (SOM) to label a motion characteristic is proposed. Then, HMM construction method by using genetic algorithm (GA) with Baum-Welch algorithm, modified crossover and mutation is introduced. Simulation studies are carried out for bat swing motions. It is shown that the proposed approach has an ability to recognize bat swing motions
Cutting Edge: A Critical Role for IL-10 in Induction of Nasal Tolerance in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis1

Appropriate treatment of autoimmune myocarditis following virus infection remains a major clinical problem. Induction of nasal tolerance may provide a new approach to treatment. However, the exact mechanism of nasal tolerance is unknown. To assess the mechanism of nasal tolerance, we examined the role of IL-10 in the induction and suppression of autoimmune myocarditis. First we showed that blocking IL-10 concurrent with nasal administration of Ag abolished the disease-suppressing effect of nasal tolerization. It also led to increased cardiac myosin-specific IL-1 and TNF-α production. Then we demonstrated that blocking IL-10 during the effector phase increased not only the incidence and severity of disease but also Ag-specific IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-α production as well as cardiac myosin-specific IgG1 and IgG2b production, whereas blocking IL-10 during the induction phase had no effect. This study implicates IL-10 in the induction of nasal tolerance and in limiting inflammation later during the disease process.
Measurement and Compact Modeling of 1/f Noise in HV-MOSFETs

This paper investigates 1/f noise behavior under low and high drain biases of high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) (HV-MOSFETs). A dedicated setup is presented which allows measuring low-frequency (LF) noise of lateral double-diffused MOSFETs (LDMOSFETs) up to 200 V at the drain. LF noise spectra of n- and p-channel LDMOSFETs were measured over a large range of gate and drain bias conditions and modeled using a recently established physics-based compact model of HV-MOSFETs. The investigated devices confirm that the overall noise is mostly dominated by the noise originating in the channel, while the drift-region-generated noise only is apparent in linear operation.
Muertes violentas determindads a través de los estudios de paleopatología

Research on Paleopathology in the Basque Country started in the decade of the eighties and is framed within Paleoanthropology studies, which have a long tradition in this medium. The methodology and systematics used in this research, as a historical medical discipline, is typical of Anthropology in Forensic Sciences. Technical and human means from entities such as the Aranzadi Society of Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of the Basque Country, and more specifically its Legal and Forensic Medicine Teaching Unit, have combined for this and have facilitated different results published and presented at specific congresses. One of the most important of these congresses was the 1st National Congress of Paleopathology held in Donostia - San Sebastian in 1991 and whose minutes were published in Munibe (Anthropology - Archaeology). Thus, an extensive bibliography has been generated, from which we have extracted the cases interpreted as the cause of death in sites of different chronologies and which may be partially representative of this reality. Fractures and injuries without survival would be objective elements of violent death. As in other study disciplines within the field of Paleoanthropology, the limitations of Paleopathology must be acknowledged, where the definition of the elementary lesion of the bone leads us to inference or significance on a human group and individual scale.
Acute and Nonacute Complications Associated with Interscalene Block and Shoulder Surgery: A Prospective Study

BackgroundThe incidence, etiology, and evolution of complications after interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) are not well-known. The authors prospectively monitored 521 patients for complications during the first 9 months after ISB. MethodsA total of 521 adults scheduled for elective shoulder surgery performed with an ISB were included in this prospective study. The ISB procedure was standardized for all patients. Acute complications were recorded. Patients were observed daily (for 10 days) for paresthesias, dysesthesias, pain not related to surgery, and muscular weakness and were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. Persistence of paresthesias, dysesthesias, pain not related to surgery, or muscular weakness was investigated at 1 or 3 months by means of electroneuromyography. Final evaluation was performed at 9 months. ResultsA total of 520 patients completed the study; one was excluded after surgical axillary nerve damage. Two hundred thirty-four patients had an interscalene catheter. Acute complications consisted of one pneumothorax (0.2%) and one episode of central nervous system toxicity (incoherent speech; 0.2%). At 10 days, 74 patients (14%) were symptomatic, and none had muscular weakness. At 1 month, 41 patients (7.9%) had symptoms, and none had muscular weakness. Thirty patients underwent electroneuromyography; sulcus ulnaris syndrome (n = 8), carpal tunnel syndrome (n = 2), and complex regional pain syndrome (n = 1) were diagnosed. At 3 months 20 patients (3.9%) were symptomatic, and none had muscular weakness. All underwent electroneuromyography; carpal tunnel syndrome (n = 2), complex regional pain syndrome (n = 4), plexus neuropathy (n = 1), and plexus damage (n = 1) were diagnosed. At 6 months, 5 patients (0.9%) were symptomatic. At 9 months, 1 patient (0.2%) had persistence of dysesthesia. ConclusionsInterscalene brachial plexus block performed with a standardized technical approach, material, and drugs is associated with an incidence of short- and severe long-term complications of 0.4%. In case of persistent paresthesia, dysesthesia, or pain not related to surgery after ISB, sulcus ulnaris syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, or complex regional pain syndrome should be excluded since specific treatment may be required.
The Experience of Death Anxiety in Iranian War Veterans: A Phenomenology Study

Recognition of death anxiety experienced by patients who have survived violence and threats to life during war is of strong importance in delivery of best care for veterans experiencing health stressors. The aim of the study was to explore the death anxiety experience of veterans from the Iran–Iraq war. Using a phenomenological approach, 11 war veterans were interviewed related to death anxiety experiences. Four major themes included afterlife fears; alienated farewell; ambiguous separation; and physical dissolution. Patients who have been exposed to death trauma in the battlefield may carry added burden from unique cognitions and fears related to personal death.
Y después de la reforma de la Ley de Auditoría: ¿qué siguen haciendo los auditores?

Se ha debatido exhaustivamente si la prestacion de servicios adicionales a los de auditoria limita la independencia del auditor. El articulo revisa la oferta de servicios de grandes y pequenas firmas de auditoria para comprobar su alcance. Una de las medias adoptadas, en la reciente modificacion de la regulacion de la auditoria en nuestro pais, fue la introduccion de nuevas incompatibilidades con la misma, para paliar la polemica que, la realizacion de multiples tareas por parte de los auditores, provoca sobre el cumplimiento de la cualidad de independencia. El presente trabajo analiza la oferta actual de servicios en las firmas de auditoria con el objetivo de obtener evidencia empirica suficiente respecto de las medidas adoptadas por dicha regulacion.
Risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis

peginterferon alfa-2a, and ribavirin for only 12 weeks in the phase 2 study. The recommendation of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines for the therapy for genotype 1 chronic HCV infection is the use of telaprevir in combination with dual therapy for 12 weeks followed by an additional 12 weeks (for patients without cirrhosis and with extended rapid virologic response [eRVR]: undetectable HCV RNA level at weeks 4 and 12) or 36 weeks (for patients with cirrhosis or without eRVR, or recommended to stop the therapy: HCV RNA level is >1,000 IU/mL at treatment weeks 4 or 12 and/or detectable at treatment week 24) of dual therapy. For genotype 1-naı̈ve patients with RVR, high SVR rates have been reported previously by 24 weeks and 48 weeks dual therapy in our randomized trial (89% and 100%, respectively) and by Jensen et al. (89% and 91%, respectively). The SVR rate was 60% with the 12-week triple therapy for patients with eRVR and was 92% with an additional 12 weeks dual therapy. Since the 12-week telaprevir-based triple therapy seems to be ‘‘suboptimal,’’ the conclusions by the authors that a reinforced regimen of dual therapy could be an option in genotype 1-naı̈ve patients who failed to achieve SVR after 12 weeks telaprevir-based triple therapy needs further consideration.
IMPACT OF HEAVY METAL POISONING ON CYANOBACTERIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND ITS DETOXIFICATION-A

Cyanobacteria is a photosynthetic prokaryote, these obtain their energy through photosynthesis. In this review, we summarize the effect of heavy metals on cyanobacterial photosynthesis and its detoxification. Now a day’s metal contamination due to natural and anthropogenic sources is a global environment concern. Metals were affected the photosynthetic process like photosystem II complex, cytochrome b6f complex, photosystem I complex and ATP synthase, photosynthetic energy transfer process in cyanobacteria phycobilisomes. Here it is also mentioned heavy metal induced altered macromolecules metabolism and changes in the central dogma of life (DNA→ mRNA → Protein). And also recent advances have been made in understanding heavy metal-cyanobacteria interaction and their application for metal detoxification.
Ecology and evolution of cooperative breeding in birds

Introduction Walter D. Koenig and Janis L. Dickinson 1. Evolutionary origins J. David Ligon and D. Brent Burt 2. Delayed dispersal Jan Ekman, Janis L. Dickinson, Ben J. Hatchwell and Michael Griesser 3. Fitness consequences of helping Janis L. Dickinson and Ben J. Hatchwell 4. Parental care, load-lightening and costs Robert G. Heinsohn 5. Matings systems and sexual conflict Andrew Cockburn 6. Sex-ratio manipulation Jan Komdeur 7. Physiological ecology Morne Du Plessis 8. Endocrinology Steven J. Schoech, S. James Reynolds and Raoul K. Boughton 9. Incest and incest avoidance Walter D. Koenig and Joseph Haydock 10. Reproductive skew Robert D. Magrath, Rufus A. Johnstone and Robert G. Heinsohn 11. Joint-laying systems Sandra L. Vehrencamp and James S. Quinn 12. Conservation biology Jeffrey R. Walters, Caren B. Cooper, Susan J. Daniels, Gilberto Pasinelli and Karen Schiegg 13. Mammalian contrasts and comparisons Andrew F. Russell Summary Steven J. Pruett-Jones Names of bird and mammal species mentioned in the text References Index.
Protection against endotoxic shock and lipopolysaccharide-induced local inflammation by tetracycline: correlation with inhibition of cytokine secretion

Septic shock results from excessive stimulation of host immune cells, particularly monocytes and macrophages, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from gram-negative bacteria. Macrophage-derived cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta), have been identified as central mediators in the pathogenesis of septic shock and the resultant mortality. Therefore, these cytokines were targets for experimental therapy for septic shock. Because of tetracycline's ability to intervene in cellular mechanisms involved in cytokine secretion, we tested the effect of tetracycline on LPS-induced septic shock and inflammatory lesions in mice. Tetracycline was found to protect mice against LPS-induced lethality and to abolish clinical signs of LPS-induced inflammatory lesions. This protection correlates with tetracycline's ability to reduce LPS-induced TNF-alpha levels in serum. Furthermore, tetracycline was found to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretion, but not cytokine mRNA accumulation, in human monocytes in vitro. The results presented here suggest that tetracycline is a potent drug for LPS-induced pathology and that its mechanism of action involves blockage of posttranscriptional events of cytokine production.
Dimensional versus categorical classification of prototypic and nonprototypic cases of personality disorder.

This study examined interrater reliability and ratings of confidence and clinical utility (professional communication, case conceptualization, treatment planning) of categorical and dimensional approaches to diagnosing prototypic and nonprototypic personality disorder cases. Two national samples of psychologists (n = 93, n = 92) participated. Interrater reliability was higher for prototypic cases than nonprototypic cases for the categorical system, but similar for prototypic and nonprototypic cases using dimensional ratings. Across cases, interrater reliability and confidence were highest for the categorical model, hybrid models, and the five-factor model. However, ratings of clinical utility were highest for the categorical and the hybrid models, even when interrater reliability was inadequate, suggesting clinician preference for a classification based on the existing categories. Mean ratings for the prototypic cases supported the theorized relationships between the dimensional models and the personality disorders. Reasons for these findings and implications for moving towards a dimensional model of personality disorder are discussed.
Patient Preferences for Stroke Outcomes

In clinical trials stroke is reported as a major morbid outcome, but the impact of stroke on patients is not directly assessed. This study examines patient preferences for different outcomes of stroke, including death. Methods We presented patients with written case scenarios of stroke outcomes. The scenarios represented four categories of stroke severity (mild, moderate, severe, and fatal), and for nonfatal strokes the scenarios described motor, language, and cognitive deficits. Patients reported values for each of the 10 stroke scenarios using a rank-and-scale method over a 100-point range, with 100 representing perfect health and 0 corresponding to the worst possible health state. Results One hundred seventeen of 209 consecutive patients at risk for stroke participated in this study. Severe strokes were uniformly rated as having low preference weights (mean±SD [median]: 3±4 [1] for disabling hemiplegia, 8±9 [5] for confusion, and 15 ±14 [10] for global aphasia), and severe motor impairment (a disabling hemiplegia) was rated as significantly worse than death. Even mild deficits resulted in substantial loss to patients (54±21 [55] for dysarthria and 53±21 [50] for mild anomia). Conclusions Strokes may result in a wide variety of poststroke consequences for patients. Severe strokes may be viewed by patients as tantamount to or worse than death. Even mild strokes may cause significant declines in patient preferences for health states. These data are useful in interpreting studies that report stroke and death, in designing new studies that measure stroke in at-risk populations, and in helping patients reach treatment decisions about therapies designed to prevent strokes.
Weighted graphs: Eigenvalues and chromatic number

We revisit Hoffman relation involving chromatic number $\chi$ and eigenvalues. We construct some graphs and weighted graphs such that the largest and smallest eigenvalues $\lambda$ dan $\mu$ satisfy $\lambda=(1-\chi)\mu. $ We study in particular the eigenvalues of the integer simplex $T_m^2,$ a 3-chromatic graph on $\binom {m+2}{2}$ vertices.
Novel Treatment of Patients With Lower Extremity Ischemia: Use of Percutaneous Atherectomy in 579 Lesions

Objectives:Endovascular options for the treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease are typified with diminished patency. A novel alternative to standard angioplasty and stent is the excision of the obstructing arterial plaque using a minimally invasive technique, the Silverhawk Atherectomy device. Methods:A prospective database was maintained of SilverHawk procedures from 2004 to 2007. A total of 579 lesions were treated in 275 patients (claudication 101 patients (36.7%) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) in 174 patients (63.3%). Noninvasive laboratory evaluation was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months, and yearly. Stand-alone atherectomy was attempted, and adjunct therapy was used for residual stenosis. Results:Mean age was 70.0 years (range, 37–102) (62.5% male, 46.2% smokers, 67.6% diabetes mellitus). Lesion characteristics were 199 superficial femoral arteries, 110 popliteal, 218 tibials, and 52 multilevel. Thirty-day perioperative mortality was 1.8%. Mean follow-up was 12.5 months (range, 0.5–48.2). 18-month primary and secondary patency for all lesions was 52.7% ± 2.8 and 75.0% ± 2.4 (P < 0.0001). Eighteen-month primary and secondary patency for claudicants was 58.0% ± 4.3 and 82.5% ± 3.5 (P < 0.0001) and for CLI was 49.4% ± 3.7 and 69.9% ± 3.2 (P < 0.0001), respectively. The reintervention rate was 25.3% in claudicants and 30.1% for CLI. Limb salvage was 100% in claudicants and overall limb salvage was 92.4% per patient at 18 months and only 4.4% required bypass. Conclusion:This is the largest reported series with the longest follow-up showing the SilverHawk device as an effective endovascular therapy for patients with claudication and CLI with a low mortality, low complications rate, low amputation rate, and rare need for conversion to surgical bypass. The majority of reintervention was performed with endovascular techniques.
The rise of biosimilars: potential benefits and drawbacks in rheumatoid arthritis

Although biologic agents are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the high price of drugs and restricted health care budgets have restricted easy access to biologics. Eventually, the use of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs might be inversely associated with disease activity in countries with low gross domestic product. The EMA approved an infliximab biosimilar for the first time in September 2013. The first approval of a biosimilar monoclonal antibody by a major regulatory authority provided a global standard for subsequent biosimilars and for biopharmaceutical companies developing biosimilars. Biosimilars with a highly similar quality and efficacy profile at an acceptable lower cost would significantly increase affordability of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we will review the current status of first biosimilar antibody agent and the potential discussion points raised against biosimilars. In addition, the importance of awareness on biosimilars for stakeholders is discussed.
Some Useful Abstractions for Re-Usable Virtual Environment Platforms

Within the virtual environments community there is a large cost of maintaining software demonstrations and applications whilst hardware and low-level software changes. In our own laboratory, over the last 15 years, students and staff have spent considerable time and effort writing demonstrations and applications on at least 40 significant VE software systems, ranging from relatively lowlevel APIs that impose little constraint on software-engineering up to relatively high-level platforms that have quite fixed structure. In this short paper we discuss some observations about some abstractions that have made some of applications and demonstrations long-lived or easy to port to other software. CR Categories: I.3. 2 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Systems
Controlled trials of antibiotic treatment in patients with post-treatment chronic Lyme disease.

Some patients have persistence of profound fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias without arthritis, dysesthesia/paresthesia, and mood and memory disturbances after standard courses of antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease. This constellation of symptoms has been variously referred to as "chronic Lyme disease," "post-Lyme disease syndrome," and "post-treatment chronic Lyme disease. " Persistent symptoms have been reported in patients who are seropositive for IgG antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi as well as in patients who are seronegative. The cause or causes of persistent symptoms in these patients have not been clearly defined and are controversial. Because of the temporal association of these symptoms with infection with B. burgdorferi, some patients have been treated with prolonged courses of antibiotics. Case reports and uncontrolled trials have reported the efficacy of prolonged antibiotic therapy, often with relapse of the symptoms after discontinuation of therapy. To date, only one randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of antibiotic therapy for these patients has been published. An abstract of a second placebo-controlled trial of antibiotic therapy in a smaller cohort has also been presented. This paper will describe this patient population in detail and will review the clinical, microbiological, and selected biochemical and immunologic parameters and their responses to antibiotic treatment in the setting of a controlled trial.