Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oscillation effects on high-energy neutrino fluxes from astrophysical hidden sources

High-energy neutrinos are expected to be produced in a variety of astrophysical sources as well as in optically thick hidden sources. We explore the matter-induced oscillation effects on emitted neutrino fluxes of three different flavors from the latter class. We use the ratio of electron and tau induced showers to muon tracks, in upcoming neutrino telescopes, as the principal observable in our analysis. This ratio depends on the neutrino energy, density profile of the sources, and on the oscillation parameters. The largely unknown flux normalization drops out of our calculation and only affects the statistics. For the current knowledge of the oscillation parameters we find that the matter-induced effects are non-negligible and the enhancement of the ratio from its vacuum value takes place in an energy range where the neutrino telescopes are the most sensitive. Quantifying the effect would be useful to learn about the astrophysics of the sources as well as the oscillation parameters. If the neutrino telescopes mostly detect diffuse neutrinos without identifying their sources, then any deviation of the measured flux ratios from the vacuum expectation values would be most naturally explained by a large population of hidden sources for which matter-induced neutrino oscillation effects are important.
Avian productivity in urban landscapes: a review and meta‐analysis

There is an urgent need to thoroughly review and comprehend the effects of urbanization on wildlife in order to understand both the ecological implications of increasing urbanization and how to mitigate its threat to biodiversity globally. We examined patterns in comparative productivity of urban and non-urban passerine birds, using published estimates from paired comparisons, and by reviewing and developing explanations in terms of resources, competitors, predators and other specifically urban environmental factors. The most consistent patterns were for earlier lay dates, lower clutch size, lower nestling weight and lower productivity per nesting attempt in urban landscapes; these were supported by a formal meta-analysis. Nest failure rates did not show consistent patterns across the species considered. We suggest that food availability is a key driver of differences in passerine demography between landscapes. In urban habitats, human-provided food may improve adult condition over winter, leading to earlier lay dates and, in some species, to higher survival and higher breeding densities, but paucity of natural food may lead to lower productivity per nesting attempt. We demonstrate that additional comparative research is needed on a wider range of species, on the effects of natural and human-provided food availability, and on the differences in survival and dispersal between urban and non-urban populations. Importantly, better-targeted research and monitoring is needed in areas that are at greatest threat from urbanization, especially in the developing world.
Magnetic relaxation in terms of microscopic energy barriers in a model of dipolar interacting nanoparticles

The magnetic relaxation and hysteresis of a system of single domain particles with dipolar interactions are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. We model the system by a chain of Heisenberg classical spins with randomly oriented easy-axis and log-normal distribution of anisotropy constants interacting through dipole-dipole interactions. Extending the so-called $T\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ln}(t∕{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{0})$ method to interacting systems, we show how to relate the simulated relaxation curves to the effective energy barrier distributions responsible for the long-time relaxation. We find that the relaxation law changes from quasilogarithmic to power-law when increasing the interaction strength. This fact is shown to be due to the appearance of an increasing number of small energy barriers caused by the reduction of the anisotropy energy barriers as the local dipolar fields increase.
Norovasküler Patolojilerde Teshis ve Islem Oncesi Goruntuleme

Beyin anevrizmaları %0,2-9 oranında görülmektedir, 20’li yaşlara kadar nadir olmakla birlikte 30’lu yaşlardan itibaren artan bir sıklığı sahiptir [1-3]. Otozomal dominant polikistik böbrek hastalığı ve aile üyelerinde anevrizma olması en önemli iki risk faktörüdür ve bu da anevrizmanın temelinde genetik bir yatkınlık olduğunu düşündürmektedir [1, 3, 4]. Anevrizmaların %90’dan fazlası anterior sistemde yerleşim göstermekte ve %90’dan fazlası 10 mm’den küçük boyuttadır [1]. Rüptür riski posterior sistem anevrizmalarında ve 10 mm’den büyük anevrizmalarda artmaktadır [1, 5]. En önemli komplikasyonu rüptür ve buna bağlı subaraknoid kanama (SAK) olup, ne yazık ki SAK hastalarının yarısı ölmekte ve bunun büyük bir bölümü anevrizmanın tekrar kanamasına bağlı olmaktadır [2, 5]. Tanı radyolojik görüntüleme yöntemleri -bilgisayarlı tomografi anjiyografi (BTA), manyetik rezonans anjiyografi (MRA) ve kateter anjiyografi (dijital substraksiyon anjiografi-DSA) ile anevrizmanın gösterilmesidir. Özellikle son yıllarda BT teknolojisindeki gelişmeler sayesinde BTA anevrizma tanısı için hala altın standart olan kateter anjiyografi (DSA) kadar başarılıdır. Özellikle 3 mm’den büyük anevrizmalarda BTA en az DSA kadar doğru tanı vermektedir. 3 mm’den küçük anevrizmalarda tanı başarısı düşse de yeni BT teknolojileri sayesinde 3D DSA kadar başarılı olduğunu gösteren yeni çalışmalar mevcuttur [6]. Yeni BT teknolojileri arasında substrakte volüm BT çekimleri ve dual enerji BT (DEBT) çekimleri sayılabilir [6, 7]. Substrakte volüm BT çekimi önce düşük doz kontrastsız volüm BT çekimini takiben kontrastlı volüm BT çekimi yapılması ve kontrastlı volüm BT görüntülerinden kontrastsız volüm BT görüntüleri çıkarılarak substrakte görüntü elde edilmesine dayanır (Resim 1). DEBT’de ise iyot ve kalsiyum farklı enerji seviyelerindeki X-ışınına farklı davra-
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS ADDITIONS ON LEAD AND MERCURIUM BIOAVAILABILITIES IN A CONTAMINATED SOIL / EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE FÓSFORO SOBRE A BIODISPONIBILIDADE DE CHUMBO E MERCÚRIO EM SOLO CONTAMINADO

Os solos enriquecidos com elementos potencialmente toxicos (EPT) tem seu uso limitado para fins agricolas. Neste caso, o local deve ser isolado e, em seguida, os procedimentos para a descontaminacao ou estabilizacao dos EPT nos solos devem ser aplicados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influencia da adicao de fosforo sobre a biodisponibilidade de mercurio (Hg) e chumbo (Pb), em solo contaminado, cultivando alface neste solo. Para isso, diferentes taxas de fosforo foram usadas para controlar a biodisponibilidade de Hg e Pb, em plantas de alface. As concentracoes dos elementos foram analisados por analise instrumental por ativacao de neutronica (INAA), e os resultados foram comparados para controlar o tratamento para verificar a reducao de absorcao de Hg e Pb. A concentracao de Hg na parte aerea diminuiu com a aplicacao de 250 mg kg -1 de P e Pb com a aplicacao de 250 a 1000 mg kg -1 de P. O acumulo de Hg e Pb na parte aerea da alface aumentou em funcao de P demonstrando a ineficiencia da aplicacao de P na absorcao desses elementos.
Filter and Annotate: Towards Automatic Identification of Genuine Metaphoricity

Natural Language Processing has largely addressed automatic metaphor detection on grounds of (cognitive) linguistic frameworks, especially the Conceptual Metaphor Theory of Lakoff and Johnson [1], which sees metaphor as ubiquitous. In contrast, in this work we view metaphor as an exceptional phenomenon [2]. This change in perspective affects applicability of machine learning approaches for metaphor detection, usage of corresponding features, as well as availability of datasets. We propose a combination of manual annotation and automatic filtering as an approach to conduct first steps into the direction of genuine metaphor detection.
Community forest governance in Cameroon: a review

There is growing evidence that good community forest (CF) governance is a significant determinant of CF success. We examined the state of CF governance in Cameroon by applying a set of good governance principles to 36 case studies. Key good governance principles applied included accountability, equity, participation, representation, direction, and performance. The results revealed that the state of CF governance was relatively poor, with 78% of case studies not meeting standards for all the principles. Evidence suggests that all case studies did not meet standards for accountability and equity, while more than 70% of the case studies did not meet standards for participation, direction, and performance. Positive governance outcomes included increased CF employment; contribution to social investments like roofing of houses, provision of water, health, and training; improved community participation in sustainable management of forests; improved awareness of environmental protection and sustainable exploitation practices; and enabling fair representation of and empowerment of indigenous minorities such as the Baka, resulting in the creation of a Baka-led CF. The presence of economic activities that generate direct benefits, the extent of technical support, and influential and supportive elites emerged as key drivers of positive outcomes in CF governance. These suggest that deploying incentives targeted at catalyzing enterprise development such as favorable loans, tax and financial support conditions, reinforced focused technical and institutional support including capacity building, and awards for supportive and innovative elites could go a long way to improve CF governance in Cameroon.
From Concrete Manipulatives to Digital Manipulatives: A Paradigm Shift in Mathematics Education

: The use of manipulatives has a long tradition in the teaching of Mathematics. Manipulatives have evolved over the years with the rapid advancements in the field of technology. The paper discusses the evolution of manipulatives and their importance in Mathematics education with the support of research findings. The cognitive theories which form the basis for use of digital manipulatives are also discussed.
Crystallographic refinement by simulated annealing: application to crambin

A detailed description of the method of crystallographic refinement by simulated annealing is presented. To test the method, it has been applied to a 1.5 A resolution X-ray structure of crambin. The dependence of the success of the simulated annealing protocol with respect to the temperature of the heating stage is discussed. Optimal success is achieved at relatively high temperatures. Regardless of the protocol used, the molecular-dynamics refined structure always yields an improved R factor compared with restrained least-squares refinement without manual re-fitting. The differences between the various refined structures and the corresponding electron density maps are discussed.
Survey on Vision Based Positioning of Dim-small Targets in the Sea-sky Background

How to improve the performance of dim-small target positioning algorithm under the sea-sky background is a hot and urgent problem in military and civil fields. In this regard, this paper analyzes the feature of dim-small targets, compares the performance of various non-visual positioning methods for localization of dim-small targets in the context of sea-sky, and draws the necessity of visual positioning methods in practical applications; Then, a comprehensive introduction is presented to current visual orientation. In the mainstream methods, three kinds of popular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems are compared for simulation experiments. A visual positioning method is applied to the actual maritime positioning experiment. According to the experimental results, the difficulties and key technologies of the visual positioning of dim-small targets in the sea-sky are analyzed. Finally, in order to improve single-sensor positioning performance, the development and trend of multi-source information fusion in the field of target location are introduced.
Avaliação de progênies de café arábica sob condições de temperaturas elevadas.

tradição de cultivo do café arábica, as primeiras lavouras introduzidas no estado foram das cultivares Mundo Novo e Catuaí (Souza and Santos 2009). Devido à ocorrência de altas temperaturas durante todo o ano, principalmente de junho a agosto, as lavouras apresentaram produtividades muito abaixo do esperado. Em consequência de tal fato, houve mudanças pela preferência do cultivo da espécie subgrupos ‘Conilon’ e ‘Robusta’, que apresentam maior
Antinociceptive mechanisms of Rosmarinus officinalis extract in mice using writhing test

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a common household plant grows in many parts of the world, including Iran. Rosemary leaves are used in folk medicine as an antispasmodic, analgesic, diuretic and antiepileptic agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive mechanisms of rosemary extract using a writhing test as a model of visceral pain. Possible antinociceptive mechanisms were explored by testing the effects of naloxone (nonselective opioid antagonist), cyproheptadine (nonselective serotonin antagonist), Chicago sky blue 6B (inhibitor of glutamate uptake) and bicuculline (GABAA antagonist) on rosemary extract-induced antinociception. Results showed that rosemary extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) induces antinociceptive effects in a dose-dependent manner (p< .001). Pre-treatment with naloxone and bicuculline significantly reduced this effect (from 61.04% to 27.56%, and from 60.31% to 42.09%, respectively; p<0.05). Naloxone and bicuculline brought forward the onset of first abdominal writhing in comparison with extract (p< .001). The analgesic effect and latency induced by the extract significantly increased with Chicago sky blue 6B pre-treatment (p<0.05), while cyproheptadine had no effect. These results indicate that the antinociceptive effect of Rosmarinus officinalis may be mediated by opioidergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms.
Testing the Five Factor Personality Model in Oman

The study aimed at testing Five Factor Personality Model (FFM) in Oman using Adolescent Personal Style Inventory [16], a FFM measure for adolescent. In a survey study data was collected from randomly selected sample (1720 subjects) from high school students. A series of three studies on Arabic version of Adolescent Personal Style Inventory (APSI) were conducted to standardize the measure for Oman school children. Cronbach alpha was used to test its reliability, and two advanced statistical methods were also used, i.e. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify the underlying dimensions of each construct of the instrument, and Confirmatory Factors Analysis (CFA) to confirm the dimension and to analysis the fitness of the data collected in hypothesized model. The reliability test indicated that the instrument was reliable, given the overall value of Cronbach alpha reliability was . 77, while EFA produced five significant factors. Confirmatory Factors Analysis results showed a good fit to the data, where that the goodness-of-Fit indices for the revised model were: χ2 (df = 179) = 387,903, CFI =. 923; GFI = . 965, PCOLOSE = 1.00 and RMSEA =. 034, each of the indices was above the threshold. The results imply that the FFM is fit for describing the personality structure of high school students in Oman and an Arabic version of ASPI could be used by school counselors to identify students’ personality factors. However, their usefulness for the Omanis and the whole of Arab speaking youth and other subsection of population may require further studies with larger and wider samples. Key-Words: Adolescent, Oman, Big Five, Personality, Inventory, Students.
Study of Effect of Thyroidectomy on Serum Oxidant-Antioxidants Status

The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. (1) . The thyroid gland is an endocrine structure that synthesizes and releases triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxin (T 4 ) (2) . These hormones are the only iodine-containing amine hormones in the human (2) and are needful, for optimal growth, development, and function of tissues (3) . They have vital effect on oxygen consumption and metabolic rates of all cells including hepatocytes thus alter hepatic function (4) . The liver in turn metabolizes thyroid hormones through conjugation, excretion, peripheral deiodination, and in the synthesis of thyroid-binding globulin, and thus controls their endocrine impact (5) . International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 4 (2015) pp. 1051-1060 http://www.ijcmas. com
Preparation, characterization and As(V) adsorption behaviour of CNT-ferrihydrite composites

A Carbon nano tube (CNT)–Ferrihydrite nanocomposite was synthesized through precipitation in ethyl alcohol media. Its detailed characterization was carried out using XRD, SEM, FTIR and EDAX. The adsorption characteristics of the composite for As(V) removal were carried out as function of pH, adsorbent dose, As(V) concentration and contact time. Although pure CNT did not show any significant adsorption, CNT-Ferrihydrite proved to be a good adsorbent for arsenic. With increase in pH, the As(V) adsorption on the composite first decreased up to pH 5.0, thereafter it remained nearly constant. The adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model and from the data its monolayer adsorption capacity was estimated to be 44.1 mg/g. The adsorption data were best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Keywords : Carbon nanotubes, ferrihydrite, arsenic, adsorption, isotherms International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology , Vol. 2, No. 8, 2010, pp. 13-24
ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS THROUGH ENERGY BALANCE

In Italy, the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid W aste (OFMSW) is nowadays landfilled or processed through aerobic composting. The Italian towns curre ntly support a high cost for OFMSW disposal and cause a high environmental impact, because of long distance s travelled from towns to a few available landfills and fewer treatment places, as well as the used waste m anagement methods. An interesting option for OFMSW is Anaerobic Digestion (AD), producing biogas and “digestate”. In this survey a theoretical biogas plant was placed near a town of Sicily Region (Italy), centra lised with reference to the area considered for pro ducing OFMSW. The distances travelled every year to transport OFMSW from the nine towns considered to the nearest composting plant and the biogas one were ca lculated using QGIS software. Therefore, the energy balance was computed for each of the four considered scenarios. Within the implementation of Integrate d Solid Waste Management (ISWM) method, AD resulted in an energy balance much higher than that of aerobi c composting. In fact, differently from composting, A D can significantly contribute to energy recovery, while retaining the nutrients in the digestate produced a nd reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The use of a rational network of towns for OFMSW collection and transportation results relevant, in terms of increa sed energy balance, only in the case of composting. The refore, if AD would be implemented as OFMSW management method, by means of biogas plants, each of them placed in an area including some towns, e.g . that considered in this survey, it could highly red uce the cost and the environmental impact of waste disposal.
iSensA – A System for Collecting and Integrating Sensor Data

The idea of monitoring several types of parameters in various environments has been motivating significant research works in Internet of Things (IoT). This paper presents the design and construction of iSensA, a system for integrating and collecting information from sensors. The solution implements a multi-sensor monitoring system and then expands the monitoring concept to an IoT solution, by employing multi-network access, Web services, database and web and mobile applications for user interaction. iSensA system is highly configurable, enabling several monitoring solutions with different types of sensors. Experiments have been performed on real application scenarios to validate and evaluate our proposition.
Differential Responses of Potato Cell Suspensions to a Culture Filtrate of Phytophthora infestans

Abstract General (polygenic) resistance of plant hosts to an attack by a range of pathogens is an important feature of plant defense responses against the infection. In search of biochemical markers defining this resistance, cell suspensions derived from leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L .) cvs. Tarpan and Bzura that are polygenically susceptible and resistant to Phytophthora infestans, respectively, were inoculated with culture filtrate (CF) of the fungus. Cell suspension of Tarpan responded to CF treatment by a higher extracellular alkalinization and more significant reduction in their viability and growth than those of the Bzura cultivar. The stimulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL ) activity but not of β-1,3-glucanase, was significantly higher in CF treated Bzura cells than in Tarpan ones. The obtained results suggest that sensitivity to the fungal toxins and variation of PAL activity may represent useful markers for the evaluation of polygenic resistance in potato.
19 SENSORY PROFILE CHANGES INDUCED BY THE ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENTS OF WHITE WINES-THE CASE OF GLUTATHIONE , ASCORBIC ACID AND TANNIN TREATMENTS ON FETEASCA REGALA WINES PRODUCED IN NORMAL CELLAR CONDITIONS

The present work aims to determine in which way the sensory profiles of the Feteasca regala white wines are affected by treatments with various antioxidants under normal wine cellar conditions and whether the changes induced are perceivable by tasters. The tested antioxidants were the reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA), both added during the fermentation of Feteasca regala musts, and also catechinic tannin and carbon dioxide added in the young wines during bottling. The GSH in doses of 0, 20 and 40 mg/l was added in the must just before fermentation, with or without an addition of 50 mg/l AA. The following 50 l variants were thus obtained: G0, G20, G20A50, G40 and G40A50. The young wines were then racked and bottled, adding in each variant during the bottling process either 0 or 20 mg/l catechinic tannin (T0 and T20) and using or not carbon dioxide for protection against oxygen. The main sensory parameters of wines were analyzed by using a protocol developed in our laboratory and also ranked by using the OIV-UIO score sheet for wine contests. Sensory profiles for each variant were obtained and discussed. The parameters which affected the sensory profiles of the wines were statistically analyzed for groups of samples containing the same type of treatment, to determine the treatments with significant influences on the sensory parameters. It was observed that in normal cellar conditions, where protection against oxygen is difficult to maintain in all winemaking stages, the GSH did not improve the aroma intensity and the floral scent perceived in the wines treated, the control wines scoring better for these parameters. The dose of 40 mg/l GSH improved both parameters as compared to the dose of 20 mg/l, but they were still under the values of the control samples. Also, the GSH used without AA increased the perception of bitterness, while in the presence of AA the bitterness induced by GSH was diminished. The tannin did not change the bitterness or the intensity of aroma, but influenced the floral scent, which was better perceived in the samples treated with it. Carbon dioxide treatments during bottling did not have a significant influence on any of the tested parameters.