Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and nitrogen fixation of pure stands of three pasture legumes with high/low phosphate

Abstract The growth and N-fixation capacities of pure stands of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), suckling clover (T. dubium Sibth.), and Lotus pedunculatus Cav. were compared under high and low phosphate conditions in mown plots for 3 years. With high inputs of P, white clover yielded 10% more herbage DM and nitrogen than lotus, but with low P input lotus yielded 30% more than white clover. The main factor operating was the greater ability of lotus to take up P from the soil. Full development of an efficient N-fixing system took a year in lotus, much longer than for white clover. Suckling clover performed better than white clover at low P during its growing season. White clover and lotus accumulated twice as much soil N as suckling clover. Phosphate had no effect on soil N accumulation. The mean annual amount of N fixed (herbage + soil) at high P was 570, 590, and 265 kg/ha, and at low P was 400, 410, and 195 kg/ha for white clover, lotus, and suckling clover respectively.
Winter oilseed rape with high levels of resistance to Pyrenopeziza brassicae derived from wild Brassica species

Oilseed rape cultivars possess inadequate levels of resistance to light leaf spot disease, caused by the ascomycete Pyrenopeziza brassicae Sutton & Rawlinson. High levels of resistance to this disease were found within wild accessions of Brassica oleracea and B. rapa. This resistance was introgressed into agronomically acceptable winter oilseed rape breeding lines. Seedling resistance was determined by two genes. One of these, derived from B. rapa and positioned on linkage group N1, resulted in no apparent symptoms following infection, while the other, derived from B. oleracea and positioned on N16, resulted in black necrotic flecks and a reduced amount of sporulation compared with standard cultivars. Several agronomically acceptable double haploid lines were developed which expressed very high levels of adult plant resistance.
Effets de l'alimentation protéiprive à court terme sur la sécrétion d'azote endogène : sécrétion pancréatique exocrine chez le porc

: A protein-free diet is often used in animal experimentation to estimate the amount of total endogenous nitrogen secreted by the organism. To test the validity of this technique, we carried out a study on pigs describing the short-term (8-day) effect of a protein-free diet on exocrine pancreas nitrogen secretion; this nitrogen was considered as representative of total endogenous nitrogen. After 11 pigs had been adapted to a balanced diet (14% protein), they were chronically fistulated in the pancreatic duct and duodenum. Pancreatic secretion and its various parameters (volume, total protein and chymotrypsin, trypsin, amylase and lipase activities) were measured over a first experimental period of 4 days, during which the pigs continued to receive the balanced diet, and over a second experimental period of 8 days during which they were given a protein-free diet. The results show that the amount of pancreatic protein did not change during the period the protein-free diet was given. After 2 days, chymotrypsin specific activity dropped, while amylase and lipase specific activities decreased little and slowly after 6 days. However, for short-term experiments, the protein-free diet proved to be an adequate technique for determining the production of total endogenous nitrogen in the digestion tract.
Effect of Short-Term Thermal Conditioning on Physiological and Behavioral Responses to Subsequent Acute Heat Exposure in Chicks

It is known that thermal conditioning at an early age results in improved heat tolerance, and reduces mortality when re-exposed to heat in later life in chickens. However, the mechanism of thermal conditioning is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of early thermal conditioning on physiological and behavioral responses in acute heat-exposed chicks. Six-day-old chicks (White Plymouth Rock) were exposed to high temperature at 40°C for 3 h while control chicks were kept at 30°C. Four days after treatment, both groups were challenged to high temperature at 40°C for 15min. We found that the initiation times for behavioral responses (panting and wing-droop posture) in experienced chicks were later than those in control. At the end of heat-exposure treatment, the rectal temperature in experienced chicks was lower than that in control while there was no difference in respiration rate between the groups. Compared with control, experienced chicks had a lower level of plasma corticosterone. Gene expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, interleukin6 and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor were significantly lower in the brain of experienced chicks than in the control chicks. These results suggest that thermal conditioning may change response to subsequent heat exposure by altering the central thermoregulation system, resulting in an alleviation of heat stress.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of Polycystic Ovaries: Ovarian Morphology versus Ovarian Volume in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovaries.

Original Research Article Polycystic ovaries (PCO) and their clinical expression (polycystic ovary syndrome) are conditions characterized by menstrual abnormality clinical and biochemical features of Hyperandrogenism. It is the killer of the womanhood. Women of any ethnic background can present with PCOS. Polycystic ovaries (PCO) are a common problem among females. As ultrasound examination of such cases is easy, available, cheap and less invasive than hormonal assessments. In practice, ultrasound findings are sometimes equivocal when some patients have normal ovarian volume but with abnormal ovarian morphology. Herein, the study aimed to compare ovarian volume in patients with PCO versus the ovarian morphology and whether one finding alone could make the diagnosis. Ninety(90) patients (women) with clinically and laboratory diagnosed PCO were selected from OPD of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 250 Beded General Hospital , Jamalpur and other private clinic or hospitals in Jamalpur during the period of August 2017 to July 2019.Transabdominal & Transvagina ultrasound was done for assessment of ovarian volume and morphology. In patients, 16(8.8%) ovaries showed normal morphological appearance while the rest (91.1%) showed morphological picture of PCO in the form of detection of 10 or more cysts of 2-8 mm in diameter. Peripherally arranged around on ecodense stroma (redulla). Ovarian morphological feature is more reliable than ovarian volume in diagnosing patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome in polycystic ovaries (PCO) women.
Anastomotic techniques for oesophagectomy for malignancy: systematic review and network meta‐analysis

Current evidence on the benefits of different anastomotic techniques (hand‐sewn (HS), circular stapled (CS), triangulating stapled (TS) or linear stapled/semimechanical (LSSM) techniques) after oesophagectomy is conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for the techniques for oesophagogastric anastomosis and their impact on perioperative outcomes.
Disappearance of chlorophylls and carotenoids during the ripening of the olive

Although the colour of olives changes from green to yellow, turning colour, purple and black according to the stage of ripeness, chlorophyll a is always the major chloroplastic pigment followed by chlorophyll b. Carotenoids are also present as minor components. Among these, lutein and β-carotene are worthy of mention, while neoxanthin, violaxanthin and antheraxanthin are present in lower proportions. The concentration of the chlorophylls and the carotenoids decreases gradually as harvesting approaches. When the colour of the fruit is predominantly green, the percentage decrease of the carotenoid fraction is higher than that experienced by the chlorophyll fraction. In the latter fraction at this stage chlorophyll b is preferentially degraded. In contrast, in the yellow colour stage, the disappearance of chlorophylls is noticeably higher than that of carotenoids, the levels of which tend to be maintained with minimal pigment degradation at this stage. This faster degradation of the chlorophylls allows the coloration due to the carotenoids to be seen in the fruit. From this moment onwards, once the stage of ripening has begun, the rate of degradation of the chlorophyll fraction increases to almost twice that of the carotenoid fraction, and chlorophyll a disappears faster than chlorophyll b. The ratio of lutein to β-carotene decreases as ripening advances reflecting the higher rate of degradation of lutein.
Millipede Exposure

This 4 year-old girl complained of a burning sensation in her toes shortly after her parent placed her shoes on her feet. The toes initially appeared yellow, but darkened to a brown color over approximately one hour. The foot was Address correspondence to Robert G. Hendrickson, M.D., Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA; E-mail: hendriro@ohsu.edu
Níveis de aminoácidos sulfurados totais para poedeiras semi-pesadas após a muda forçada

One hundred and sixty two brown laying hens after the induced molt were randomly assigned to three treatments with nine replications and six birds each. The treatments consisted of 0.45, 0.60 and 0.75% of total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) in the diets for 30 days after the end of induced molt (postmolt phase). After 30 days, each one of the treatments used in the postmolt phase was dismembered in the same TSAA levels, composing therefore a completely randomized desing in a factorial arrangement 3x3 (3 levels of TSAA in the postmolt phase - 0.45, 0.60 and 0.75% x 3 TSAA levels in the production phase - 0.45, 0.60 and 0.75%). The treatments in the production phase were composed of three replications of six birds each. At the production phase the performance and egg quality were evaluated for 4 periods of 21 days. At postmolt phase the lower TSAA level (0.45%) determined lower values (P<0.01) for feed intake, TSAA intake and body weight. The TSAA levels used in the postmolt phase affected (P<0.05) only the egg weight and the smaller weight were determined by 0.45% of TSAA. The level of 0.45% of TSAA used in the production phase did not attend the bird requirements, and determined worse performance (P <0.01). The level of 0.60% of TSAA may be recommended for postmolt phase and the second production period.
Paternal effort related to experimentally manipulated paternity of male collared flycatchers

The way that variation in paternity affects the optimal level of paternal effort has been a contentious issue, both in terms of theory and the empirical data needed to test competing theories. Clarification of the theoretical issues has led to the prediction that a reduction in paternal effort should only be expected when (i) there are substantial costs of paternal care and (ii) males have available some cue to their share of paternity in the current brood. Previous work on the collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis, has shown that the first condition is supported because of trade–offs between paternal effort and secondary sexual character size. We carried out experimental manipulations of pairs of collared flycatchers (temporary male removal), which were effective in causing variation in paternity in the current brood. Male responses to these manipulations were studied by quantifying levels of paternal care. All males reared nestlings cross–fostered from non–experimental nests at the egg stage, thus ruling out the possibility that they responded to direct cues about paternity. The timing of male removal predicted the male's share of paternity, suggesting that males had a clear cue to their share of paternity, thereby fulfilling the second condition. As expected, the male's share of care, and rate of provisioning, were positively related to his share of paternity. The suggestion that the timing of removal was the cue used by males to predict their share of paternity was supported, since after the influence of this variable was controlled, there was no longer any relationship between paternity and paternal care. These data provide qualitative support for optimality models of paternal care in relation to certainty of paternity, and suggest that quantitative tests of the models are possible in well–characterized systems.
Dose-adjusted enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized cancer patients: a randomized, double-blinded multicenter phase 2 trial.

Hospitalized patients with cancer are at an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). The recommendation for routine pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with cancer to prevent VTE is based on extrapolation of results from noncancer cohorts. There are limited data to support the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) regimens in high-risk hospitalized patients with cancer. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, phase 2 trial in hospitalized patients with active cancer at high risk of developing VTE based on Padua risk score. Patients were randomly assigned to fixed-dose enoxaparin (40 mg daily) vs weight-adjusted enoxaparin (1 mg/kg daily) during hospitalization. The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety of dose-adjusted enoxaparin and evaluate the incidence of VTE with fixed-dose enoxaparin. Blinded clinical assessments were performed at day 14, and patients randomly assigned to fixed-dose enoxaparin subsequently underwent a bilateral lower extremity ultrasound. A total of 50 patients were enrolled and randomized. The median weight of patients enrolled in weight-adjusted enoxaparin arm was 76 kg (range, 60.9-124.5 kg). There were no major hemorrhages or symptomatic VTE in either arm. At time of completion of the blinded clinical assessment, there was only 1 incidentally identified pulmonary embolus that occurred in the weight-adjusted arm. In the group randomly assigned to fixed-dose enoxaparin who subsequently underwent surveillance ultrasound, the cumulative incidence of DVT was 22% (90% binomial confidence interval, 0%-51.3%). This phase 2 trial confirms a high incidence of asymptomatic VTE among high-risk hospitalized patients with cancer and that weight-adjusted LMWH thromboprophylaxis is feasible and well-tolerated. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT02706249.
Anti-angiogenesis: A new potential strategy to inhibit restenosis

Microvessels are an integral component of the neointima developing in response to the acute vascular injury resulting from angioplasty. These vessels originate from the vasa vasorum of the adventitia, and as such appear similar to the microvessels present in atherosclerotic Several angiogenic factors have been found in atherosclerotic plaques and have been associated with increased microvascularity. In addition, most of these agents - either directly or indirectly - also induce smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, an essential component of the developing neointima. We therefore propose: (1) these newly formed blood vessels are necessary for the development, maintenance, and expansion of the neointimal lesions present in restenosis; (2) the initiation, regulation and maintenance of these vessels is, at least in part, due to the coordinate sequential expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), vascuplaques. lar endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), and/or other angiogenic factors such as the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of proteins; (3) targeted disruption of the signal transduction pathways modulated by these molecules may reduce vasa vasorum expansion and SMC proliferation. These effects, in turn, may inhibit neointimal expansion and thus the development of restenosis, especially following stenting.
Six Months' Clinical and Angiographic Follow-up of a Flexible, Coiled Stainless Steel Stent in Long, Native Coronary Artery Lesions

This study was conducted to evaluate the shortand long-term clinical and angiographic results of implantation of a ̄exible, coiled stainless steel stent, the Freedom Coronary Stent. During the study period this stent was used as an alternative to the Palmaz-Schatz PS153 coronary stent in long or tortuous lesions. The study was designed as a prospectively planned outcome analysis. Implantation of Freedom stents was attempted in 62 consecutive patients (56% males, mean age 63 10 years) with a total of 65 coronary lesions. Indications for stent implantation were: restenosis, 8%; recoil, 26%; visible dissection, 32%; threatening occlusion, 15%; chronic total occlusion, 18%. The average stent length was 30 16 mm and 67% of the lesions were type C. Rate of successful stent implantation, acute complications, angiographic restenosis after 6 months and major cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization) during follow-up were assessed. The success rate of stent implantation was 94%. One patient died after an emergency bypass operation and one patient suffered a subacute stent thrombosis, which was successfully treated with re-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). There were no Qor non-Q myocardial infarctions. Clinical follow-up was carried out in 56 patients (97%) and 57 vessels were assessed by angiography (93%). Mean length of the follow-up period was 6.8 2.3 months. During the 6 months' follow-up period, one patient died, two patients suffered an acute non-Q myocardial infarction and eight patients had revascularization of the target vessel. Major cardiac event rate for all patients where stent implantation was intended was 23%. Angina CCS class declined from 3.0 0.9 to 1.1 0.8 (p< 0.01) before PTCA to follow-up. Overall restenosis rate was 28%. In 14 lesions with a stented segment length of<20 mm, the restenosis rate was 21%; in 31 lesions with a stented segment length 20 and <30 mm, the restenosis rate was 26%; and in 13 lesions with a stented segment length of 30 mm, the restenosis rate was 42%. Although there was a high procedural success rate after implantation of the Freedom stent in long or tortuous lesions, problems with high restenosis rates in long lesions remain unresolved.
A Simple Dispatching Policy For Minimizing Mean Response Time In Non-Observable Queues With SRPT Policy Operating In Parallel

Consider a non-observable system with a single dis-patcher and N ≥ 2 single server queues operating in parallel and independently. Each queue uses shortest remaining processing time discipline for scheduling the jobs. Jobs from a single ﬂow arrive one by one to the dispatcher, which must immediately route them to one of the queues. Each decision is irrevocable. The dis-patcher does not have any online information about the system and can base its decisions only on the job size distribution, job’s inter-arrival time distribution, server’s speeds, time instants of previously arrived jobs and previous routing decisions. Under these conditions, one is interested in the routing policies, which minimize the job’s long-run mean response time. New simple single-parameter policy is proposed which is applicable in case of i.i. d. arrivals and i.i. d. service times and which, according to the numerical experiments, always outperforms the optimal probabilistic policy and may outperform the deterministic policy (under medium and low load).
Frequency and length of stomata of 21 Populus clones

Frequency and length of stomata of field-grown plants of 21 Populus clones were studied. All clones except one were amphistomatous, and all clones had the greatest number of stomata per unit of leaf area on the abaxial surface. Variation in stomatal frequency, length, and relative distribution of stomata between abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces among clones was found. Although differences in stomatal frequency and length were observed in some cases between early and late leaves of a clone, pore area differences were small because of the tendency for leaves with fewer stomata to have larger stomata. Cluster analysis utilizing abaxial and adaxial stomatal frequency and length as independent variables indicated that stomatal characteristics were related to parentage. Relationships between clonal stomatal characteristics and preliminary shoot dry weight data were not significant.
Intensive Use of Intravascular Ultrasound during Coronary Angioplasty. A Six-month Campaign

Background - Compared to coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) gives additional information important for the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedure, but is time-consuming and may cause complications. Aim - To evaluate, during a period of intensive use of IVUS, the impact of IVUS on the final decision on balloon/stent diameter, consumption of devices, time-consumption and IVUS-related complications. Method - During a 6-month period, IVUS was contemplated in all PTCA procedures and the reason for not using IVUS was specified. We used CVIS during the first, and Endosonics during the last 3 months, and both periods started with 1 week of hands-on practice. All procedures were to be planned according to an initial quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), and the finally achieved result, material used and complications were registered. Results - The proportion of IVUS/PTCA was 37% during, 8% 6 months before and 12% 6 months after the study period. Three hundred and twenty-three patients were included in the study (57% of all patients), 199 of them were subjected to IVUS. The indications for PTCA during the study period were stable angina (58%), unstable angina (32%) and acute myocardial infarction (10%). The main reasons for not doing IVUS were use of 6F guiding catheter (13%), urgent procedure (12%) and occluded vessel (11%). Initial QCA detected 253 stenoses in 199 patients and 64 additional stenoses were treated, most of them probably detected by IVUS. QCA systematically underestimated vessel size, particularly in small vessels. There was a non-significant trend to more accurate estimations towards the end of the study in small vessels. Dissection, probably due to IVUS, occurred in two cases (1%). There were no significant differences in the number of devices used in IVUS compared to non-IVUS patients. The procedural time was 24 min longer in IVUS than in non-IVUS cases and more stenoses were treated per procedure in the IVUS group. Conclusion - Coronary angiography often underestimated balloon/stent size but in an unpredictable way, with a substantial proportion of significant stenoses being undetected. IVUS had few serious complications, did not increase device consumption but prolonged procedural time.
METABOLISM OF SURFACTANT PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE MOLECULAR SPECIES IN cftrtm1HGU/tm1HGU MICE COMPARED TO MF-1 MICE

In cftrtm1HGU/tm1HGU mice, an animal model designed to study pathophysiologic alterations due to the CFTR defect found in cystic fibrosis, surfactant phospholipids of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)are increased. To study the metabolical basis of such increases, we intraperitoneally injected cftrtm1HGU/tm1HGU mice [methyl-3H]choline and measured [methyl-3
Inability of Histamine to Regulate TNF- α Production by Human Alveolar Macrophages

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a major product of alveolar macrophages (AM), has been implicated in many pulmonary diseases. Histamine, a mediator important in pulmonary inflammation, has been demonstrated to regulate the production of TNF-α by monocytes. In this study, we show that human AM and monocytes differ in their responses to histamine. Whereas histamine suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TNF-α production by monocytes through a cAMP-dependent mechanism, it had no effect on either cAMP levels or TNF-α production by AM. In contrast, both PGE2 and IL-10 suppressed LPS-stimulated TNF-α production by AM and monocytes. The lack of response of AM to histamine appears unique, as histamine suppressed LPS-stimulated TNF-α production by mononuclear cells isolated from sites of acute and chronic inflammation, as well as from noninflammatory tissues, and by macrophages differentiated in vitro. In the presence of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1- methylxanthine, histamine inc.