Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discourses of illegality and exclusion: When water access matters

Abstract This paper examines the politics and the underlying discourses of water provisioning and how residents of Korogocho and Viwandani slum settlements in Nairobi city cope with challenges relating to water access. We use qualitative data from 36 focus group discussions conducted in the two slums to unravel discourses regarding water provisioning in the rapidly growing slum settlements in African cities. Results show that the problems concerning water provisioning within Nairobi slums are less about water scarcity and more about unequal distribution and the marginalisation of slum areas in development plans. Poor water management, lack of equity-based policies and programmes, and other slum-specific features such as land-tenure systems and insecurity exacerbate water-supply problems within slum areas. It is hard to see how water supply in these communities can improve without the direct and active involvement of the government in infrastructural development and oversight of the water-supply actors. Innovative public-private partnerships in water provision and the harnessing of existing community efforts to improve the water supply would go a long way towards improving the water supply to the rapidly growing urban poor population in Africa.
A Probabilistic Approach to the Generalized Hessian

The quadratic variation of Brownian motion is used to give a new definition of a generalized Hessian for nonsmooth functions, totally independently of any gradients. A calculus is developed for the generalized Hessian of functions whose gradient is Lipschitz. It is also shown that for convex functions the Hessian is nonempty.
A classification-based segmentation of cDNA microarray images using Support Vector machines

Microarray technology provides a tool for the simultaneous analysis of the expression level for an amount of genes. Microarray studies have been shown that image processing techniques can significantly influence microarray data precision. In this paper we propose a supervised method for the segmentation of microarray images based on classification techniques. Support Vector machine is employed to classify each pixel of the image into signal, background or artefacts. In addition, a preprocessing step is applied in order to filter the initial image. The proposed method is applied both to real and simulated images. The pixels of the image are classified in two classes for the real images and three classes for the simulated one. For this task, an informative set of features is used from both green and red channels. The results obtained indicate high accuracy (∼99%).
i le Degrees of Digital Division : Reconsidering Digital Inequalities and Contemporary Higher Education raph “ Redefining the Digital Divide in Higher Education

Whilst many authors are now confident to dismiss the notion of the digital divide, this paper argues that inequalities in ICT use in contemporary higher education are of growing rather than diminishing importance. In particular, it argues that there is an urgent need for the higher education community to develop more sophisticated understandings of the nature of the digital divisions that exist within current cohorts of university students – not least inequalities of ‘effective’ use of ICT to access information and knowledge. With these thoughts in mind, the paper presents a review of recent research and theoretical work in the area of digital exclusion and the digital divide, and considers a number of reasons why digital exclusion remains a complex and entrenched social problem within populations of higher education students.
Infinite behavior of continuous and discrete nets

In this paper, we present an equational representation of the dynamic of weighted discrete and continuous Petri nets. Under canonical form, these equations can be written as a coupling between a linear system, in the (min,+) algebra and a linear equation in the classical sense. We derive an algorithm to check liveness of weighted routed nets based on the total number of event equations for each single input subnet and on a continuous approximation of a Petri net that provides linear equation descriptions. Structural properties such as liveness are reduced to linear algebra notions such as spectral radius of matrices or existence of non-negative solutions in linear equations.
Community Detection in Location-Based Social Networks: An Entropy-Based Approach

Community detection is a fundamental problem in social network analysis. There are a large number of community detection algorithms in the literature. However, many previous algorithms only focus on the structure of the network, and ignore the attributes of the users (e.g., the location attributes of the users). In this paper, we study the community detection problem in the context of location-based social networks. We propose a new location-aware community detection algorithm, called LBLPA, based on a new entropy-based similarity and a label propagation procedure. Specifically, in our algorithm, we first make use of the frequency of users' POI (point of interest) to represent the location features, and then calculate the similarity between users by a novel entropy-based method. Subsequently, we propose a label propagation algorithm (LBLPA) to detect the community based on such a newly proposed entropy-based similarity measure. We also propose a location-aware metric, called Structural Entropy, to evaluate the quality of the detected communities. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on three real-world datasets, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms.
Resource Allocation for Decode-and-Forward Relayed System with Interference Aided Energy Harvesting

In this paper, we consider a single-link cooperative communication system, where the half-duplex decode-and- forward (DF) relay does not have its own energy supply. Instead, it harvests energy from the interference and the signal received from the source and uses that harvested energy for relaying operation. For such systems, we develop joint optimal allocation of the transmit powers of the source and relay nodes and the power-splitting ratio allocation scheme. In particular, in order to maximize the end-to-end system throughput by joint optimal allocation of the transmit powers of the source and relay nodes and the power-splitting ratio, we formulate an optimization problem. The resulting problem is a non-convex polynomial program, which is hard to solve optimally and efficiently. Therefore, we develop an efficient solution by transforming, relaxing, and modifying the original problem. Numerical results show that our developed scheme performs very close to the optimal solution with reduced complexity and provides an intuitive direction on how to exploit the interference so as to achieve a good throughput performance.
A similarity computing method based Levenshtein distance and logic Petri net for renting cloud service processes

An appropriate cloud service process can be obtained by applying similarity computation between service request and the existing service processes in renting or recommending cloud service processes. To improve efficiency of the similarity computation, a similarity computing method based on Levenshtein distance and logic Petri net for renting cloud service processes was proposed in this paper. Cloud service processes were first modeled as service nets by logic Petri nets. A method to generate path strings for service nets was put forward by introducing the routing identifiers. Business flows of cloud service processes were then converted into path strings based on reduction and recursion. Similarly, service request was mapped as a request string by the path string generating method. Finally, similarity computation was performed based on Levenshtein distance between path strings and request string. The algorithm for similarity computation was also presented. A case study was finally presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
CO-CIRCULAR KITE CENTRAL CONFIGURATIONS IN THE 4-BODY PROBLEM

A central configuration is defined as a system of masses in which the gravitational acceleration vectors point toward the center of mass and are proportional to the displacement vectors from the center of mass with the same proportionality constant. Central configurations play an important role in the study of the Newtonian n-body problem because from these it is possible to construct explicit solutions. We consider a special case of the 4-body problem, specifically the co-circular kite. This special case of the 4-body problem can also be used to construct examples of 5-body configurations. Central configurations can be described using a system of polynomial equations called the Albouy-Chenciner equations. When using techniques from computational algebraic geometry on these equations, it appears that the exponents of the univariate elimination polynomials are multiples of three and the polynomials can be factored into perfect squares. We study the algebraic patterns in the elimination polynomials that occur in this special case.
Healthy Eating for Life English as a second language curriculum: Primary outcomes from a nutrition education intervention targeting cancer risk reduction

We conducted a pre–post feasibility trial of Healthy Eating for Life, a theory-based, multimedia English as a second language curriculum that integrates content about healthy nutrition into an English language learning program to decrease cancer health disparities. Teachers in 20 English as a second language classrooms delivered Healthy Eating for Life to 286 adult English as a second language students over one semester. Postintervention data are available for 227 students. The results indicated that Healthy Eating for Life is effective for increasing fruit and vegetable intake as well as knowledge, action planning, and coping planning related to healthy eating. Participants also achieved higher reading scores compared to the state average.
Determining the Important Subjective Criteria in the Perception of Human-Like Robot Movements Using Virtual Reality

This paper deals with the design and the evaluation of human-like robot movements. Three criteria were proposed and evaluated regarding their impact on the human-likeness of the robot movements: The inertia of the base, the inertia of the end-effector and the velocity profile. A specific tool was designed to generate different levels of anthropomorphism according to these three parameters. An industrial use case was designed to compare several robot movements. This use case was implemented with a virtual robot arm in a virtual environment, using virtual reality. A user study was conducted to determine what were the important criteria in the perception of human-like robot movements and what were their correlations with other notions such as safety and preference. The results showed that inertia on the end-effector was of most importance for a movement to be perceived as human-like and nonaggressive, and that those characteristics helped the users feel safer, less stressed and more willing to work with the robot.
DNA microsatellite markers for Swartzia glazioviana (Fabaceae), a threatened species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest1

Premise of the study: Development and characterization of a set of DNA microsatellite markers for Swartzia glazioviana (Fabaceae), a naturally rare and threatened tree species, were carried out to investigate its conservation genetics. Methods and Results: Through an enriched genomic library procedure, 10 DNA microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the species. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.776 (0.424–0.894). Cross-species amplifications of these loci were successfully tested for six congener taxa (S. apetala var. apetala. S. flaemingii, S. langsdorffii, S. macrostachya, S. myrtifolia var. elegans, and S. simplex var. continentalis). Conclusions: The 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers developed are quite informative and will provide a valuable resource to study the population and conservation genetics of S. glazioviana and other Swartzia species.
Brain Drain and Human Capital Formation in Developing Countries: Winners and Losers

The brain drain has long been viewed as a serious constraint on poor countries development. However, recent theoretical literature suggests that emigration prospects can raise the expected return to human capital and foster investment in education at home. This paper takes advantage of a new dataset on emigration rates by education level (Docquier and Marfouk, 2006) to examine the impact of brain drain migration on human capital formation in developing countries. We find evidence of a positive effect of skilled migration prospects on gross human capital levels in a cross-section of 127 developing countries. For each country we then estimate the net effect of the brain drain using counterfactual simulations. We find that countries combining relatively low levels of human capital and low skilled emigration rates are likely to experience a net gain, and conversely. There appears to be more losers than winners, and in addition the former tend to lose relatively more than what the latter gain. At an aggregate level however, and given that the largest developing countries are all among the winners, brain drain migration may be seen not only as increasing the number of skilled workers worldwide but also the number of such workers living in developing countries.
Goat Milk is Less Immunogenic than Cow Milk in a Murine Model of Atopy

Objectives: Cow milk protein allergy occurs in 2% to 6% of infants population. Goat milk has been used as an alternative to cow milk, but there is probably some cross-reactivity between the milks. Little is known about the allergenicity of goat milk per se. The aim of this study is to compare cow and goat milk allergenicity in a mouse atopy model. Methods: Balb/C mice were intragastrically sensitized to cow or goat milk by five doses administrated weekly. Six weeks after the first dose mice were killed, sera were collected and spleens removed for analysis. Results: The number of mice with diarrhea was significantly higher in the cow milk-sensitized group than in the goat milk-sensitized group. Serum cow milk-specific immunoglobulin G1 and histamine levels were also significantly higher in cow milk-sensitized mice. Cytokine production by spleen derived T cells showed a Th2 response with high levels of interleukin-4 production and low levels of interferon-γ in cow milk-sensitized mice. In addition, goat milk induced a lower lymphocyte sensitization as a result of a significant decrease in the specific proliferation ratio of these cells. Conclusion: Goat milk, when used as the first source of protein after a breast-feeding period, is less allergenic than cow milk in mice. Further studies are needed to clarify if goat milk is suitable as an alternative to cow milk in milk based formulas for infant nutrition.
Principle 4 : Embody a “ youth-friendly ” ethos

Centre for Youth Mental Health, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia North-Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Correspondence Frank Hughes, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic. 3052, Australia. Email: fhinymh@gmail.com Funding information Department of Health, Victorian State Government. Aims: Guiding principles are arguably central to the development of any health service. The aim of this article is to report on the outcomes of a youth mental health (YMH) community of practice (CoP), which identified a range of guiding principles that provide a clear point of comparison for the only other set of principles for YMH service delivery proposed to date. Methods: A YMH CoP was established in 2010 as part of the Victorian State Government approach to improving YMH care. An initial literature search was undertaken to locate articles on YMH service delivery. A number of common themes were identified, which the YMH community of practice (YMHCoP) members then elaborated upon by drawing from their collective experience of the YMH sector. The resultant themes were then refined through subsequent group discussions to derive a definitive set of guiding principles. These principles were then augmented by a second literature search conducted in July 2015. Results: Fifteen key themes were derived from the initial literature search and YMH CoP discussions. These were refined by the YMH CoP to produce 10 guiding principles for YMH service development. These are discussed through reference to the relevant literature, using the only other article on principles of YMH service delivery as a notable point of comparison. Conclusion: The 10 principles identified may be useful for quality improvement and are likely to have international relevance. We suggest the timely pursuit of an international consensus on guiding principles for service delivery under the auspices of a peak body for YMH.
The Rice Economy of Asia . By Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt, with Beth Rose. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1985. xvii, 324 pp. Figures, Tables, Bibliography, Index. $30 (cloth); $12 (paper).

In a chapter entitled "The Last Wave," Anderson argues that the new states that proliferated after World War II "took from linguistic European nationalism its ardent populism, and from official nationalism its Russifying policy—orientation" (p. 104). Here I think he sadly underrates the forces at work on both the popular and elite levels in colonial societies which owed little or nothing to the Europeans. In Vietnam, for example, local Viet Minh activists of the 1940s drew fully as much inspiration from Buddhist millenarianism and Neo-Confucian ideals of righteousness and propriety as they did from French teachings. And the state established by Ho Chi Minh probably owed as much to a thousand years of Vietnamese dynastic experience as to imported precedents from Paris or Moscow. Admittedly other Asian and African states that lacked a majority ethnic group tended to be fashioned out of whole colonial cloth, yet it was not long before indigenous attitudes reshaped nationalism there as well.
Illusions of familiarity.

Feelings of familiarity are not direct products of memory. Although prior experience of a stimulus can produce a feeling of familiarity, that feeling can also be aroused in the absence of prior experience if perceptual processing of the stimulus is fluent (e.g., Whittlesea, Jacoby, & Girard, 1990). This suggests that feelings of familiarity arise through an unconscious inference about the source of processing fluency. The present experiments extend that conclusion. First, they show that a wide variety of feelings about the past are controlled by a fluency heuristic, including feelings about the meaning, pleasantness, duration, and recency of past events. Second, they demonstrate that the attribution process does not rely only on perceptual fluency, but can be influenced even more by the fluency of conceptual processing. Third, they show that although the fluency heuristic itself is simple, people's use of it is highly sophisticated and makes them robustly sensitive to the actual historical status of current events
Thermoelectric properties of phase-change materials

Here we report on the growth mechanism, the structural and thermoelectric characterization of phase change materials as Ge<sub>1</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>4</sub>, Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>4</sub> in amorphous and crystalline states. In comparison the phase change behaviour from amorphous to crystalline state of the well known thermoelectric material (Bi,Sb)<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> is investigated.
Total knee arthroplasty for massive joint destruction in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis complicated with fibrous dysplasia

We report the case of a patient requiring total knee arthroplasty (TKA) due to massive knee bone deformities caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Reconstruction of the knee with large osseous defect was achieved with conventional TKA by impaction bone grafting. Benign tumor-like conditions such as fibrous dysplasia may be treated with conventional TKA instead of endoprosthesis, custom-made knee prosthesis, or osteoarticular allografting.
Genetic algorithm-based energy-efficient protocol for wireless sensor networks

The development of genetic algorithm (GA) to improve the performance of low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is presented in this paper. In the proposed protocol initialisation, population, crossover, mutation and fitness functions are calculated. In this proposed protocol, GA facilitates the process of selecting the optimal cluster head. We employ that a set of the cluster head is a chromosome. As time evolves, these chromosomes are given different chances to reproduce according to their fitness. In the reproduction, one chromosome will probably mutate or two chromosomes can crossover. After many generations, one expects the optimum chromosomes or solutions that will emerge from the population. Simulation results show that the proposed genetic-algorithm-based protocol effectively produces optimal energy consumption for the wireless sensor networks, and resulting in an extension of lifetime for the network.
An energy efficient cell selection scheme for femtocell network with spreading

Use of femtocells for indoor and office environment has proved to be an effective solution to handle ever increasing mobile data demands. Femtocell helps improving network capacity in an energy efficient manner without significantly burdening the operator with huge capital and operational expenditure. Since extremely dense femtocell deployments are expected in near future, it is of interest to look into their energy efficiency measures. In this paper, we analyse the energy efficiency aspect of cell selection scheme for femtocell networks. Cell selection scheme defines the criteria on which mobile users associate themselves with base stations. Hence, it plays a crucial role in system load balancing and total energy consumption. We suggest a unique cell selection scheme that assigns mobile users to femtocell base stations considering the capacity improvement obtained per unit increase in transmit power. Our proposed scheme shows an improvement in network performance in terms of both system capacity and energy efficiency. Additionally, we suggest the use of power spreading over subchannels to keep overall interference minimum while maximizing spectrum utilization.
Testing an Uncertainty Model for Women with Multiple Sclerosis

This study sought to explain adaptation to the uncertainty of multiple sclerosis (MS) in women.A causal model, developed from the literature and from interviews with four women with MS, was tested on a sample of 90 women with MS. Successful adaptation was measured by self-esteem and mastery. The model accounted for 26% of the variance in mastery, with an empirical model accounting for a higher degree of variance (41%). Findings suggest that the negative impact of uncertainty in women with MS is significantly reduced by their spiritual and social relationships.
Execution model for outsourced corrective maintenance

We focus on corrective maintenance carried out in the outsourced mode under strict service level agreements and present the characteristics of the problem and the activities performed. We detail the information requirements for various maintenance services, such as, emergency maintenance, production support, and corrective maintenance. We present the concept of a system execution model with its constituent nodes and arcs and present the steps to build the same. We present a case study of a large commercial outsourcing project to demonstrate how the execution model can help in making quick decisions that reduces the turn around times of corrective maintenance requests.