Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Novel Threshold Voltage Definition for Nano-MOSFET

Threshold voltage (VTH) is the indispensable vital parameter in MOSFET designing, modeling, and operation. Diverse expounds and extraction methods exist to model the on-off transition characteristics of the device. The governing gauge for efficient threshold voltage definition and extraction method can be itemized as clarity, simplicity, precision, and stability throughout the operating conditions and technology node. The outcomes of extraction methods diverge from the exact values due to various short-channel effects (SCEs) and nonidealities present in the device. A new approach to define and extract the real value of VTH of MOSFET is proposed in the manuscript. The subsequent novel enhanced SCE-independent VTH extraction method named “hybrid extrapolation VTH extraction method” (HEEM) is elaborated, modeled, and compared with few prevalent MOSFET threshold voltage extraction methods for validation of the results. All the results are verified by extensive 2D TCAD simulation and confirmed analytically at various technology nodes.
Evaluation of a Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy with Patent Blue in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer

Background: A sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is an interesting issue in the field of surgical oncology and has recently been introduced to the treatment of gastric cancer. The purpose of this study is to assess accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and false negative rates (FNRs) of SLN biopsies, and to ascertain whether or not this procedure is useful for locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods: From December 2013 to March 2014, 22 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. After laparotomy, patent blue was injected around the tumor subserosaly, resection was then done, and SLNs were detected on a back table. Afterward, D2 dissection was carried out. Finally, SLNs and other specimens were submitted for permanent pathology. Results: SLNs were detected in 20 of 22 patients. The total number of SLNs was 87. SLNs were positive in 7 patients, and the total number of positive SLNs was 17. In three patients, the SLNs were negative, whereas other LNs were positive, with an FNR of 15%. 18 patients received neoadjuvant. Complete pathologic responses with negative LNs were seen in 3 patients. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were 80%, 66%, 90%, and 76%, respectively. Conclusions: This research demonstrated that SLN mapping in advanced gastric cancer is an appropriate method with acceptable levels of accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive values, even in those patients who received neoadjuvant treatment.
Leading elite association football referees: challenges in the cross-cultural organization of a geographically dispersed group

This study examines the organization of elite Association Football referees in the domestic, European and international game. Specifically, the cross-cultural working practices, training, preparation and performance of these elite referees are explored. A total of 42 semi-structured interviews were conducted with elite referees and ex-referees as well as individuals involved in leadership and training worldwide to explore the leadership of a geographically dispersed workforce. Results highlighted some positive aspects of training and leadership, but indicated that effective leadership, evolution and innovation are required in order to keep pace with globalized, technological developments in Association Football. The findings can be utilized by leaders in order to understand further the challenges faced in the organization of elite sports people and assist in the construction of appropriate strategies towards a more standardized approach to leadership within refereeing, Association Football and professional sport.
The use of chemicals in aquaculture in India.

A review of the use of chemotherapeutants and other chemicals and drugs in Indian aquaculture is presented. A large number of products are used for various purposes such as soil and water treatments, disinfectants, piscicides, herbicides, organic and inorganic fertilizers, feed additives, therapeutants, and anesthetics. Farm management techniques for the use of chemicals are discussed, as are the hazards posed by, and impacts resulting from chemical use. Other approaches to disease prevention (crop holiday, pond preparation, regulating stocking density, effluent treatment systems) are considered, and national regulations on the use of chemicals in aquaculture and current research being conducted in India are summarized. Recommendations for the improved use of chemicals in Indian aquaculture are provided for farmers, government and aquaculture institutions, the chemical industry, regional and international agencies, and research institutions.
Tolerance to low leaf water status of tropical tree seedlings is related to drought performance and distribution.

Summary 1. Habitat specialization models predict that adaptations to environmental conditions explain species distributions. In tropical rainforests, the ability of the seedlings to survive during drought has been shown to be a key determinant of species distributions. We hypothesize that differences among species in their tolerance to low tissue water status is the mechanism underlying differences in performance during drought. 2. To test this hypothesis we quantified tolerance to low leaf water status for over 20 species from central Panama in screenhouse experiments using two different experimental approaches. Results from both approaches were highly correlated with each other. 3. We found that tolerance to low leaf water status correlated with species drought performance in the field and with their distribution across a gradient of dry season length, with the more desiccationtolerant species having higher survival in dry relative to irrigated conditions, and occurring in drier areas. These results support the hypothesis that, in tropical forests, tolerance to low tissue water status governs seedling performance during drought, as well as being a determinant of species distribution patterns. 4. Lower tolerance to low leaf water status was correlated with greater stem hydraulic conductance. In addition, all species tested, including both desiccation-sensitive and desiccation-resistant species, showed similar losses of xylem conductance, about 80%, when near death. These results suggest that a principal mechanism by which desiccation leads to plant mortality is the loss of xylem conductivity.
Peptide Mimics that Target the Anticodon Stem Loop Region of Human Transfer RNA Lysine 3 in a Modification Dependent Manner . ( Under the direction of Dr

GRAHAM, WILLIAM D. Isolating HIV NCp7 Peptide Mimics that Target the Anticodon Stem Loop Region of Human Transfer RNA Lysine in a Modification Dependent Manner. (Under the direction of Dr. Paul F. Agris). Nucleocapsid protein 7 (NCp7) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-I) is a multifunctional nucleic acid chaperone protein responsible for the processing of human tRNA Lysine 3 (htRNA) into a primer for viral reverse transcription and the packaging of nucleic acid into progeny virion. To investigate the relationship between the post transcriptional modifications 2-methylthio-N6-threonyl carbamoyladenosine at position 37 (mstA37) and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine at position 34 (mcmsU34) of the anticodon stem loop region (ASL) of htRNA and NCp7’s recognition and recruitment of htRNA, fluorescence quenching assays were performed. The ASL region of htRNA was chemically synthesized with both modifications mstA and mcmsU, occurring at positions 37 and 34 respectively (ASL mcmsU34; mstA37). NCp7 demonstrated a higher affinity and specificity for the modified ASL Lys3 mcmsU34; mstA37 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.28 μM compared to the protein’s interaction with chemically synthesized ASL regions of unmodified htRNA Lys3 (ASL) and unmodified ASL valine (ASL) both demonstrating Kd values in the high μM range. These results suggest that the post-transcriptional modification present on htRNA can potentially be used as a target for peptide antiviral therapeutics. Phage display was used to screen a library of peptides generated from RNA-binding proteins for their affinity to bind ASL in a sequence and modification specific manner. Peptide sequences demonstrating the highest affinity for binding ASLmcmsU34; mstA37 were selected and synthesized into a library of fluoescein tagged peptides. A fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate was attached to the N-terminus of each peptide and assayed for modification specificity using ASLmcmsU34; mstA37, singly modified ASL (ASLtA37), ASL and ASL. Among the 20 peptides synthesized, peptides 6 (P6) and 17 (P17) demonstrated the highest affinity and specificity for ASLmcmsU34; mstA37 with Kd values of 0.45 μM and 0.60 μM respectively. A more in-depth analysis of the interaction between P6 and P17 with ASLmcmsU34; mstA37 by circular dichroism revealed that the peptides were able to mimic NCp7’s ability to restructure the ASL region of htRNA. Isolating HIV NCp7 Peptide Mimics that Target the Anticodon Stem Loop Region of Human Transfer RNA Lysine in a Modification Dependent Manner by William Darnell Graham A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Molecular and Structural Biochemistry Raleigh, North Carolina 2010
Lung uptake of gold nanoparticles after intraperitoneal administration in vivo: Fluorescence study

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy, drug delivery and food industry. Some studies indicate that certain nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse effects because of their small size and unique properties. However, little is known about the particle-size and exposure duration of intraperitoneal administration of GNPs in the rat lung tissue in vivo. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the particle size and exposure duration effects of intraperitoneal administration of GNPs on the rat lung tissue in vivo using fluorescence spectroscopy. Key words: Gold nanoparticles, sizes, exposure duration, lung tissue, fluorescence spectroscopy.
Feral Populations of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

The Ryukyu Archipelago is an assemblage of many continental islands and a few oceanic islands scattered between Kyushu of Japan, and Taiwan. Recent changes in geographic ranges were reviewed for feral amphibian and reptile populations in this archipelago, chiefly on the basis of data and information becoming available after 1995. Six species of amphibians (Rana catesbeiana, Fejervarya sp., Polypedates leucomystax, Microhyla ornata, Bufo gargarizans miyakonis, B. marinus) and 14 reptiles (Chinemys reevesii, Cuora flavomarginata, Mauremys mutica, Trachemys scripta elegans, Pelodiscus sinensis, Hemidactylus frenatus, Hemiphyllodactylus typus typus, Lepidodactylus lugubris, Anolis carolinensis, Ramphotyphlops braminus, Elaphe quadrivirgata, E. taeniura, Protobothrops elegans, P. mucrosquamatus) are considered to have one or more feral populations in the Ryukyu Archipelago at present. Some biological aspects of these populations are also reviewed. Possible effects of such feral amphibians and reptiles upon the indigenous biota, including a number of endemic and endangered taxa, are briefly discussed.
Clustering Time Series from Mixture Polynomial Models with Discretised Data

Clustering time series is an active research area with applications in many fields. One common feature of time series is the likely presence of outliers. These uncharacteristic data can significantly effect the quality of clusters formed. This paper evaluates a method of over-coming the detrimental effects of outliers. We describe some of the alternative approaches to clustering time series, then specify a particular class of model for experimentation with k-means clustering and a correlation based distance metric. For data derived from this class of model we demonstrate that discretising the data into a binary series of above and below the median improves the clustering when the data has outliers. More specifically, we show that firstly discretisation does not significantly effect the accuracy of the clusters when there are no outliers and secondly it significantly increases the accuracy in the presence of outliers, even when the probability of outlier is very low.
Social media as a bridge to e-commerce adoption in SMEs: A systematic literature review

Through the analysis of a number of previous studies, this article aims to present an overview of extant literature on the adoption of e-commerce by Smalland Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) using social media. Firstly, the study provides an overview of e-commerce definitions and benefits; SMEs’ characteristics; opportunities and challenges of e-commerce adoption by SMEs; and social media and e-commerce adoption to offer some background. Secondly, studies that identify factors that influence SMEs to use social media to adopt ecommerce are highlighted. Finally, current gaps in knowledge are identified and future researches are highlighted.
Fluorescence profiles and cooling dynamics of laser-cooled Mg + ions in a linear rf ion trap

Fluorescence line profiles and their implications on the cooling dynamics of the Mg{sup +} ions stored in a linear rf trap are studied. The line profile is dictated by the temperature of the ion cloud at different laser detunings. The upper bound of the lowest temperature was estimated for different values of the rf trapping potential amplitude and the buffer gas pressure. A general trend of this ultimate temperature to increase with the rf trapping voltage and buffer gas pressure is expected, with an abrupt change at some critical value corresponding to the transition to and from a strongly correlated liquid or crystal state. While on the one hand this expectation was confirmed when the buffer gas pressure was varied; on the other hand the influence of the amplitude of the trapping voltage on the ultimate temperature shows an interesting new feature of first dipping down before the sharp increase occurs.
Automatic Flick Keyboard Error Correction Based on GMM-LR-LM

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, Social apps is becoming more and more important. As an indispensable app of intelligent equipment, the input method is very important and because of the limited size of smartphones, the auto-correction function has been paid more and more attention by users. Currently the most popular Japanese input method in touch screen smartphone is flick keyboard with kana-kanji convert. As showed in Figure 1, kanas and functional keys are assigned to 12 keys. Each key expresses 3~5 kanas that share generally the same consonant corresponding to one line in the gojūon order. A user is supposed to enter a kana with vowel “a” by tapping the key face, and rest kanas of the same gojūon line by swiping to certain direction for sub-keys. Although flick keyboard has bigger key face size than QWERTY keyboard, the combination of tapping and swiping makes errors happen more frequently. The probability of kana error is near to 10% per word according to volunteers’ feedbacks,most of which are substitution errors. The substitution could be any combination of neighboring keys and are too hard to be enumerated by hand-written rules.
A model-based economic assessment of future climate variability impacts on global agricultural markets

Climate change not only entails gradual changes, but also climate variability is predicted to increase. Extreme weather events are expected to affect food security, among other things because yield losses lead to rising food price volatility. We project the potential effect of heat-stress induced yield losses on food price volatility and global economic welfare. For this purpose we use a non-linear partial equilibrium trade model with which we assess global maize, rice, soy and wheat markets. Maize and rice are affected the most, with partially dramatic price volatility increases. In the case of soy, the increase is lower, but still considerable. For wheat, results are mixed. Depending on the scenario, price volatility slightly decreases or significantly increases. Consequences for global economic welfare also strongly depend on the scenario. Losses either increase moderately or they about double.
An Evaluation of the Efficacy of a 2-Year Obesity Prevention Program in African American Girls

Results: The BMI increased in all girls with no treatment effect (obesity prevention minus alternative intervention) at 2 years (mean, 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.40 to 0.58). Two-year treatment effects in the expected direction were observed for servings per day of sweetened beverages (mean, −0.19; 95% CI, −0.39 to 0.09), water (mean, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.40), and vegetables (mean, 0.15; 95% CI,−0.02 to 0.30), but there were no effects on physical activity. Post hoc analyses suggested a treatment effect in younger girls (P for interaction=.08). The mean BMI difference at 2 years was −2.41 (95% CI, −4.83 to 0.02) in girls initially aged 8 years and −1.02 (95% CI, −2.31 to 0.27) in those initially aged 10 years.
Role of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in a Mixed Asset Portfolio: A Review of Literature

Extant studies on the role of REITs is a multi-asset portfolio have resulted to diverse and sometimes contradictory conclusions. The previous research finds send mixed signals to investors on the role of this investment vehicle in Kenya being a new structure. This study sought to analyze and critique empirical studies in this subject area since inception to date in the context developed markets of UK, USA, Australia and Malaysia. This study established that over the long run REITs provide diversification benefits and returns to a mixed asset portfolio. The study also found that REITs are highly correlated to small-cap equities in the short run and to behave more like direct real estate in the long run. Likewise, the study found that REITs market returns seem to be systematically related to returns to both stock and bond market. Based on this review, the study recommends that investors should consider allocating REITs to a mixed asset portfolio to diversify returns to both bond and equities and also to exploit inefficiencies in other asset markets. In addition investors should avoid purchasing REITs during financial distress. Whether these results can be replicated in Kenyan Market is an area of further study.
Reduced Hypotension After Subarachnoid Anaesthesia With Ondansetron Most Colloids In Parturients Undergoing Caesarean Section. A Retrospective Study.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to estimate the frequency of hypotension and bradycardia in parturients undergoing caesarean section, after the introduction of a protocol providing for the administration of colloids (HydroxyEthylStarch, HES 6%) 500 ml for hypotension prevention after spinal anaesthesia and the administration of Ondansetron (8 mg) for nausea and vomiting prevention. We reviewed the anaesthesiology records of the patients who underwent to caesarean section in spinal anaesthesia, in Nocera Inferiore Hospital (Salerno), between January 2012 and May 2012. 54 patients were examined. Retrospective examination of the records showed a 16,6% incidence of systolic hypotension, and 25,9% of diastolic hypotension. The average consumption of Ephedrine was 5.91 mg. Only 4 (7,4%) patients had an episode of bradycardia, HR < 60, no < 58.The association HES 6% plus Ondansetron seems to reduce the incidence of arterial hypotension in parturients undergoing caesarean section, compared to the incidence of hypotension reported in literature.
Physico-chemical analysis of some temperate Himalayan Swertia species

Swertia chirayita (Family Gentianaceae) source of Indian Ayurvedic drug “chirata’’, is an important medicinal plant of Western Himalaya known for its potent activity against malaria, liver-disorder, fever, gastrointestinal infection and diabetes. Due to its high demand and scarcity, several other species of Swertia viz. Swertia alata, Swertia angustifolia, Swertia cordata, Swertia purpurascens and Swertia paniculata etc. are being used as substitutes /adulterants for Swertia chirayita in India, Japan, China, Pakistan and other Asian Countries. In order to check this adulteration and to assure genuineness of ‘true chirayita’, it is essential to know the detailed physico-chemical features of a drug plant. The present study was carried out on some Swertia species i.e., S. chirayita, S. alata, S. cordata, S. angustifolia and S. purpurascens for discriminating Swertia chirayita from its adulterants.Various ash and extractives values observed in this study may help in differentiating “True Chirayita” from other allied species.
The aging urban brain

This research directly assesses older people’s neural activation in response to a changing urban environment while walking, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). The study builds on previous research that shows changes in cortical activity while moving through different urban settings. The current study extends this methodology to explore previously unstudied outcomes in older people aged 65 years or more (n = 95). Participants were recruited to walk one of six scenarios pairing urban busy (a commercial street with traffic), urban quiet (a residential street) and urban green (a public park) spaces in a counterbalanced design, wearing a mobile Emotiv EEG headset to record real-time neural responses to place. Each walk lasted around 15 min and was undertaken at the pace of the participant. We report on the outputs for these responses derived from the Emotiv Affectiv Suite software, which creates emotional parameters (‘excitement’, ‘frustration’, ‘engagement’ and ‘meditation’) with a real-time value assigned to them. The six walking scenarios were compared using a form of high dimensional correlated component regression (CCR) on difference data, capturing the change between one setting and another. The results showed that levels of ‘engagement’were higher in the urban green space compared to those of the urban busy and urban quiet spaces, whereas levels of ‘excitement’ were higher in the urban busy environment compared with those of the urban green space and quiet urban space. In both cases, this effect is shown regardless of the order of exposure to these different environments. These results suggest that there are neural signatures associated with the experience of J Urban Health DOI 10.1007/s11524-017-0191-9 C. Neale (*) : S. Cinderby Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, England e-mail: chris.neale@york.ac. uk P. Aspinall School of Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland J. Roe Center for Design and Health, School of Architecture, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA S. Tilley :C. W. Thompson OPENspace Research Centre, Edinburgh College of Art, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland P. Mavros ETH-Centre, Singapore, Singapore R. Coyne Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland N. Thin School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland G. Bennett The Stats People, Sevenoaks, Kent, England, UK different urban spaces whichmay reflect the older age of the sample as well as the condition of the spaces themselves. The urban green space appears to have a restorative effect on this group of older adults.