Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the origin of photoplethysmography using a multiwavelength Monte Carlo model

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a photometric technique used for the measurement of volumetric changes in the blood. The recent interest in new applications of PPG has invigorated more fundamental research regarding the origin of the PPG waveform, which since its discovery in 1937, remains inconclusive. A handful of studies in the recent past have explored various hypotheses for the origin of PPG. These studies relate PPG to mechanical movement, red blood cell orientation or blood volume variations. Objective: Recognising the significance and need to corroborate a theory behind PPG formation, the present work rigorously investigates the origin of PPG based on a realistic model of light–tissue interactions. Approach: A three-dimensional comprehensive Monte Carlo model of finger-PPG was developed and explored to quantify the optical entities pertinent to PPG (e.g. absorbance, reflectance, and penetration depth) as the functions of multiple wavelengths and source-detector separations. Complementary to the simulations, a pilot in vivo investigation was conducted on eight healthy volunteers. PPG signals were recorded using a custom-made multiwavelength sensor with an adjustable source-detector separation. Main results: Simulated results illustrate the distribution of photon–tissue interactions in the reflectance PPG geometry. The depth-selective analysis quantifies the contributions of the dermal and subdermal tissue layers in the PPG wave formation. A strong negative correlation (r = −0.96) is found between the ratios of the simulated absorbances and measured PPG amplitudes. Significance: This work quantified for the first time the contributions of different tissue layers and sublayers in the formation of the PPG signal.
FREQUENT PERIODIC CRYPTIC SEQUENCE MINING IN BIOLOGICAL DATA

Amino acid sequences are known to constantly mutate and diverge unless there is a limiting condition that makes such a change deleterious. The few existing algorithms that can be applied to find such contiguous approximate pattern mining have drawbacks like poor scalability, lack of guarantees in finding the pattern, and difficulty in adapting to other applications. In this paper, we present a new algorithm called Constraint Based Frequent Motif Mining (CBFMM). CBFMM is a flexible Frequent Pattern-tree-based algorithm that can be used to find frequent patterns with a variety of definitions of motif (pattern) models. They can play an active role in protein and nucleotide pattern mining, which ensure in identification of potentiating malfunction and disease. Therefore, insights into any aspect of the repeats – be it structure, function or evolution – would prove to be of some importance. This study aims to address the relationship between protein sequence and its threedimensional structure, by examining if large cryptic sequence repeats have the same structure. We have tested the proposed algorithm on biological domains. The conducted comparative study demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Transcriptomic analysis of the bagworm moth silk gland reveals a number of silk genes conserved within Lepidoptera

Lepidopteran insects produce cocoons with unique properties. The cocoons are made of silk produced in the larval tissue silk gland and our understanding of the silk genes is still very limited. Here, we investigated silk genes in the bagworm moth Eumeta variegata, a species that has recently been found to produce extraordinarily strong and tough silk. Using short‐read transcriptomic analysis, we identified a partial sequence of the fibroin heavy chain gene and its product was found to have a C‐terminal structure that is conserved within nonsaturniid species. This is in accordance with the presence of fibroin light chain/fibrohexamerin genes and it is suggested that the bagworm moth is producing silk composed of fibroin ternary complex. This indicates that the fibroin structure has been evolutionarily conserved longer than previously thought. Other than fibroins we identified candidates for sericin genes, expressed strongly in the middle region of the silk gland and encoding serine‐rich proteins, and other silk genes, that are structurally conserved with other lepidopteran homologues. The bagworm moth is thus considered to be producing conventional lepidopteran type of silk. We further found a number of genes expressed in a specific region of the silk gland and some genes showed conserved expression with Bombyx mori counterparts. This is the first study allowing comprehensive silk gene identification and expression analysis in the lepidopteran Psychidae family and should contribute to the understanding of silk gene evolution as well as to the development of novel types of silk.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent infant associated with short term steroid Đmmunkompetan bir infantta kisa süreli steroid tedavisi ile ilikili invaziv pulmoner aspergilloz

Summary Invasive aspergillosis occurs very rarely in immunocompetent hosts. We report a case of invasive fungal infection in an infant who was treated with short term of inhaled and systemic steroids although there was no detectable immune deficiency. This case was presented in order to demonstrate the potential risk for opportunistic fungal infections in children treated with short term systemic and inhaled corticosteroids.
Tree biology and dendrochemistry

Dendrochemistry, the interpretation of elemental analysis of dated tree rings, can provide a temporal record of environmental change. Using the dendrochemical record requires an understanding of tree biology. In this review, we pose four questions concerning assumptions that underlie recent dendrochemical research: 1) Does the chemical composition of the wood directly reflect that of the soil? 2) Can the analysis of individual rings pinpoint the specific year of environmental change? 3) Are differences in element concentration in the wood directly related to chemical differences in the sap? 4) Are samples selected for dendrochemistry free of the effects of tree injury and infection? We suggest methods to reduce the uncertainty from these assumptions.
Impact of coronary lesion complexity in percutaneous coronary intervention: one-year outcomes from the large, multicentre e-Ultimaster registry.

AIMS The present study sought to examine the prevalence, clinical characteristics and one-year outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to complex lesions (multivessel PCI, ≥3 stents, ≥3 lesions, bifurcation with ≥2 stents, total stent length >60 mm or chronic total occlusion [CTO]) in a prospective multicentre registry. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the e-Ultimaster multicentre registry, a post hoc subgroup analysis was performed on 35,839 patients undergoing PCI, stratified by procedure complexity, and further by number and type of complex features. Overall, complex PCI patients (n=9,793, 27.3%) were older, more comorbid and were associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) of the composite endpoint at one year (target lesion failure [TLF]: 1.41 [1.25; 1.59]), driven by an increased hazard of cardiac death (1.28 [1.05; 1.55]), target vessel myocardial infarction (1.48 [1.18; 1.86]) and clinically driven target lesion revascularisation. The hazard of complications increased with the rising number of complex features (3-6 vs 1-2 vs none) for all outcomes. All individual complex features were associated with an increased hazard of composite complications (except CTO) and definite/probable stent thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, complex PCI is associated with an increased risk of mortality and complications at one year. The number and types of complex features have differing impacts on long-term outcomes.
Computational and structure-guided design of phosphoinositide substrate specificity into the tyrosine specific LMW-PTP enzyme

We have used a combination of computational and structure-based redesign of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase, LMW-PTP, to create new activity towards phosphoinositide substrates for which the wild-type enzyme had little or no activity. The redesigned enzymes retain catalytic activity despite residue alterations in the active site, and kinetic experiments confirmed specificity for up to four phosphoinositide substrates. Changes in the shape and overall volume of the active site where critical to facilitate access of the new substrates for catalysis. The kinetics data suggest that both the position and the combination of amino acid mutations are important for specificity towards the phosphoinositide substrates. The introduction of basic residues proved essential to establish new interactions with the multiple phosphate groups in the inositol head, thus promoting catalytically productive complexes. The crystallographic structures of the top-ranking designs confirmed the computational predictions and showed that residue substitutions do not alter the overall folding of the phosphatase or the conformation of the active site P-loop. The engineered LMW-PTP mutants with new activities can be useful reagents in investigating cell signalling pathways and offer the potential for therapeutic applications.
Growth responses of 15 rain‐forest tree species to a light gradient: the relative importance of morphological and physiological traits

1. Growth of seedlings of 15 rain-forest tree species was compared under controlled conditions, at six different light levels (3, 6, 12, 25, 50 and 100% daylight). 2. Most plant variables showed strong ontogenetic changes; they were highly dependent on the biomass of the plant. 3. Growth rate was highest at intermediate light levels (25–50%) above which it declined. Most plant variables showed a curvilinear response to irradiance, with the largest changes at the lowest light levels. 4. There was a consistent ranking in growth between species; species that were fast growing in a low-light environment were also fast growing in a high-light environment. 5. At low light, interspecific variation in relative growth rate was determined mainly by differences in a morphological trait, the leaf area ratio (LAR), whereas at high light it was determined mainly by differences in a physiological trait, the net assimilation rate (NAR). 6. NAR became a stronger determinant of growth than LAR in more than 10–15% daylight. As light availability in the forest is generally much lower than this threshold level, it follows that interspecific variation in growth in a forest environment is mainly owing to variation in morphology.
Fisherian flies: benefits of female choice in a lekking sandfly

We experimentally investigated the fitness consequences of female mate choice in order to test the relative importance of three competing but non–exclusive hypotheses for the maintenance of pronounced female mating preferences on leks: that females benefit directly; that they gain indirect Fisherian benefits by producing more attractive sons; or that they benefit indirectly because preferred males possess ‘good genes’ that confer increased viability on their sons and daughters. We allowed lekking female sandflies, Lutzomyia longipalpis, to choose between males of varying attractiveness to females, and monitored the consequences for their own survival and reproductive success as well as for their offspring. In contrast to the predictions of the direct–benefits model, we found no clear sire effect on the fecundity or survival of the females themselves; females mating with more attractive males did survive longer after oviposition, but never long enough to undertake a second batch of egg laying. We also found no evidence that females gained good–genes benefits in terms of enhanced offspring survival. However, we did find that generally attractive males fathered sons who were then chosen when they in turn formed leks. Although not completely precluding other benefits, our results indicate that Fisherian benefits are at least partly responsible for maintaining female choice at L. longipalpis leks. These findings indicate the importance of testing all putative benefits concurrently in exploring the maintenance of female mate choice.
Radio Labeling for Strong Product K3 ⊠ Pn

Many variations of graph labeling has been defined in the literature. e.g., graceful, harmonious and radio labeling etc. In information technology and in data sciences, we need secrecy of data, different channel assignment and accuracy of transmission of the data. This make the use of graph terminologies indispensable for the computer programs. In this paper, we will discuss multi-distance radio labeling used for channel assignment problem over a wireless communication. A <italic>radio (multi-distance) labeling</italic> of a graph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is a function <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to the set of non-negative integers such that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$|h(u)-h(v)| \geq diam(G)+1- d_{G}(u,v)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>,Where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$diam(G)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d_{G}(u,v)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are diameter and distance between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$u$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$v$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in graph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> respectively. The <italic>span</italic> of a radio labeling <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the maximum integer assigned by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <italic>radio number</italic> of a graph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the minimum span taken over all radio labeling of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this article, we will find relations for radio number of a strong product <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{3} \boxtimes P _{n},~n \geq 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Utilizing Vegetation and Environmental New Micro Spacecraft (VENµS) Data to Estimate Live Fuel Moisture Content in Israel's Mediterranean Ecosystems

Increasing fire activity in Mediterranean ecosystems necessitates the development of new methods to quantify fire risk. Fire risk is strongly affected by live fuel moisture content (LFMC) in plants. Unfortunately, LFMC is time-consuming to measure in-situ. Remote sensing is a promising alternative to field sampling of LFMC, but existing approaches utilize sensors with high spatial resolution but infrequent revisit times, or frequent acquisition at coarse spatial grains. We developed and evaluated LFMC models for Israel's Mediterranean ecosystems using Vegetation and Environmental New Micro Spacecraft (VENµS), a satellite which was developed specifically for monitoring Mediterranean vegetation. We combined vegetation indices derived from VENµS with ancillary data to build statistical models of LFMC in six study sites located along a steep rainfall gradient. Out of the five vegetation indices we tested, only red-edge position was a significant predictor of LFMC, though its effect depended on tree cover. A model including red-edge position, tree cover, year-day, and slope-aspect explained 32.5% of the variation in LFMC. The moderate predictive power of this model was higher than expected given that VENµS does not have the shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands which are typically used to detect water content in plants. A comparison with six vegetation indices derived from Sentinel 2 data revealed that VENµS’ data explained considerably more variation in LFMC, even though some Sentinel 2 VI's are based on SWIR bands. Our results suggest that VENµS data, combined with ancillary data, may provide a rough estimate of LFMC in Israel's Mediterranean regions and as such might be suitable for preliminary monitoring purposes.
Molecular Phylogenetic Reconstructions of the Marchantioid Liverwort Radiation

Abstract Molecular phylogenies of the complex-thalloid liverworts (Marchantiales) were reconstructed using independent nuclear and plastid data sets to explore relative age, relationships, and character evolution in this ancient group. The sample includes 10 carpocephalate taxa and 24 acarpocephalate taxa (emphasizing Riccia) within Marchantiales sensu stricto. In addition, Monoclea, Sphaerocarpos, Riella, three Metzgeriales (Fossombronia, Pellia, and Blasia), the hornwort Anthoceros, four mosses, and outgroup Coleochaete are also sampled. Two nucleotide sequence alignments were used 1) partial nuclear-encoded Large Subunit rDNA (LSU rDNA) for all 48 taxa and 2) the plastid-encoded trnL-F region for the marchantioids and outgroup Blasia. Alignment-ambiguous regions of each alignment were culled. A combined matrix consisting of concatenated nuclear and plastid culled alignments was assembled for marchantioids and Blasia. The two alignments were utilized in four analyses: 1) nuclear LSU rDNA for all taxa, 2) nuclear LSU rDNA for marchantioids + Blasia, 3) plastid trnL-F region for marchantioids plus Blasia, and 4) combined nuclear and plastid data for marchantioids plus Blasia. Selected pairwise comparisons reveal significant rate heterogeneity in the nuclear LSU rDNA data; metzgerioid liverworts, hornworts and primitive mosses evolve significantly slower than other taxa relative to the outgroup Coleochaete. The LSU rDNA genes of some marchantioid taxa and sampled bryalean mosses are apparently evolving relatively fast. Rate heterogeneity is also documented within Marchantiales. Lunularia positions as the most basal of sampled Marchantiopsida; Sphaerocarpales, Marchantia, and Corsinia represent early diverging lines. A monophyletic Aytoniaceae, Cleveaceae, and Riccia are indicated. Topologies imply that extant acarpocephalate taxa are derived from carpocephalate forms. Monoclea positions well within Marchantiales sensu stricto. A well-supported long branch (Decay Index = 19) unites all sampled Marchantiopsida and isolates this clade from other liverworts and bryophytes. This long branch may suggest extensive extinction of proto- and eomarchantioid forms that led to modern taxa. A recurring theme in the topologies presented here is the unresolved marchantioid polytomy that follows well-supported basal nodes. A similar polytomy results from either independent data set and may correspond to a rapid radiation of marchantioid forms (e.g., Aytoniaceae, Cleveaceae, Targionia, Monoclea, and riccioids) coincident with extreme conditions and ecological reorganizations of the Permo-Triassic. The origin of Marchantiopsida probably occurred long before; amidst, perhaps, a series of long-extinct Blasia-like ancestors that colonized and innovated on any of various xeric surfaces (either cool or warm) that were available throughout embryophyte history in the Paleozoic.
Effect of internal and external porous structure design on stress distribution of implant bridge: A Finite element analysis

In this paper, three different types of solid implant bridge (SIB), internal porous implant bridge (IPIB) and external porous implant bridge (EPIB) were modeled to investigate its static mechanical performance. FEA was used to calculate the stress distribution in implant bridges. The 200 N loading was applied to simulate occlusal function. The stress distribution occurred at the gingival surface above the interface in all the groups. The peak stress of IPIB was lower than SIB and EPIB. Further, two porous cylinders with external and internal pore structure were precisely fabricated to better understand its structural responses, stress distribution patterns and micromotions. Results showed that the peak stress and total deformation of internal porous cylinder was much lower than external porous cylinder. This study indicated that IPIB design maintained the better geometric characteristics and exhibited better stress distribution than EPIB design.
Blockchain-Based Searchable Encryption Scheme With Fair Payment

In order to solve the problem that most of the existing blockchain-based searchable encryption schemes only support exact keyword search and mutual distrust between the cloud server and the user, a searchable encryption scheme based on blockchain, that has functions such as file update dynamically, search results verification, fuzzy keyword search, and fair payment, is proposed. We use edit distance to generate the fuzzy keywords set. According to the un-modification characteristic of Ethereum blockchain and the security of the RSA accumulator, our scheme can verify the search results by the smart contract and realize the service-payment fairness between the user and the cloud server. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme achieves non-adaptive semantic security. Performance analysis and experiment show that our scheme is efficient and meets the demand of search application in the cloud environment.
Epicardial retinoid X receptor is required for myocardial growth and coronary artery formation

Vitamin A signals play critical roles during embryonic development. In particular, heart morphogenesis depends on vitamin A signals mediated by the retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), as the systemic mutation of this receptor results in thinning of the myocardium and embryonic lethality. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlled by RXRα signaling in this process are unclear, because a myocardium-restricted RXRα mutation does not perturb heart morphogenesis. Here, we analyze a series of tissue-restricted mutations of the RXRα gene in the cardiac neural crest, endothelial, and epicardial lineages, and we show that RXRα signaling in the epicardium is required for proper cardiac morphogenesis. Moreover, we detect an additional phenotype of defective coronary arteriogenesis associated with RXRα deficiency and identify a retinoid-dependent Wnt signaling pathway that cooperates in epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation.
Impact of Channel Length on Performance of Single-Gate and Dual-Gate a-IGZO Thin Film Transistor

This paper discusses about the channel length (L) variation in the single-gate (S-G) and dual-gate (D-G) amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide-thin-film-transistor (a-IGZO TFT). The threshold voltage (Vth) parameter is a concerned electrical characteristic of the TFT which is taken in the account for the depth analysis of channel length. Threshold voltage changes negatively as channel length decreases from 25μm to 5μm with step size of 5μm, Furthermore, it is observed that for the $L <5\mu{m}$, it will not show desired behavior because of the drain induced barrier lowering effect (DIBL) causing degradation in the behavior of device. Besides this, the comparison of both SG and DG a-IGZO TFT device performance is discussed in terms of threshold voltage, subthreshold voltage, trans-conductance, mobility and channel length. The significantly high performance is observed for D-G structure based device with a mobility of 3.655cm2/Vs, whereas, 0.08 cm2/Vs of S-G a-IGZO TFT for L=25μm. Henceforth, DG a-IGZO TFT shows superior behavior than SG a-IGZO TFT making it more robust for digital circuit applications.