Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conveniencia de una regla fiscal de balance estructural para Colombia

Este articulo se ocupa de la conveniencia de una regla fiscal de balance estructural para Colombia. En primer lugar (seccion A) se examina el papel y la racionalidad de las reglas fiscales y se estudia el tema de su diseno. La seccion (B) esta dedicada al examen de la regla fiscal Chilena y sus impactos macroeconomicos. En la seccion (C) se hace una revision sucinta de las tendencias de largo plazo del gasto publico en Colombia, de su desempeno reciente y sus principales inflexibilidades y se examinan las recomendaciones que, en materia institucional, hizo recientemente la Comision Independiente del Gasto publico. Usando un modelo de equilibrio general, la seccion (D) realiza una simulacion de los impactos que en el evento de una crisis futura- una regla fiscal tendria sobre el crecimiento, el empleo y la pobreza. En fin la seccion (E) se ocupa de los problemas de diseno y, de manera muy preliminar, de los pasos institucionales necesarios para la puesta en marcha de una regla fiscal de balance estructural en el pais.
MOZART1 and γ-tubulin complex receptors are both required to turn γ-TuSC into an active microtubule nucleation template

Cells use γ-tubulin complex to nucleate microtubules. The assembly of active microtubule nucleator is spatially and temporally regulated through the cell cycle. Lin et al. show that the protein Mzt1/MOZART1 and γ-tubulin complex receptors directly interact and act together to assemble the γ-tubulin small complex into an active microtubule nucleation template and that such interaction is conserved between Candida albicans and human cells.
Extended dq modeling of wound-rotor synchronous machines with dampers for transient analysis

In this paper, a new approach to a nonlinear dq model is proposed for transient simulations of a salient-pole wound-rotor synchronous machine with dampers. Despite the nonlinearity between the flux linkage and the current, the comparison with finite element simulations shows that the new model is reliable for saturated transient state of the machine. This method allows to obtain far more accurate results than a classical nonlinear dq model, which assumes the equality between the mutual inductances. This model contains many improvements compared to most nonlinear dq models. The first one consists of considering each mutual inductance individually. The saturation of every inductance and its leakage part are evaluated separately. Furthermore, the calculation method of the mutual inductance between the stator circuits and the damper circuits is presented. Finally, the cross magnetization is introduced. This makes the proposed model closer to reality than most of traditional models.
Serum Amyloid P Component Does Not Circulate in Complex with C4‐Binding Protein, Fibronectin or Any Other Major Protein Ligand

Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a pentameric plasma protein associated with all known kinds of amyloid. The normal physiological function of the protein has not been fully elucidated but it may be involved in clearance of cellular debris and in innate immunity. An important clue to its normal function is the identity of ligands bound to SAP in the circulation. It has been reported that all SAP is complexed with C4‐binding protein (C4bp) but other studies have not been able to confirm this. We here study this issue by a combination of crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), size exclusion chromatography, and native polyacrylamide electrophoresis and we show that SAP in serum – analysed under native analysis conditions and free of immobilizing antibodies – does not have any major protein ligand. However, when the protein is aggregated by immobilized antibodies, C4bp and fibronectin clearly bind to SAP. If circulating SAP under normal circumstances bind any protein ligand in vivo, our results strongly suggest that this only occurs to a minor extent.
No association between the Pro197Leu polymorphism in the glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) gene and schizophrenia

Objective Oxidative stress such as free radical-mediated neuronal dysfunction may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The human glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) is a selenium-dependent enzyme, which plays an important role in the detoxification of free radicals. We therefore hypothesized that the GPX1 gene, which is located on chromosome 3p21.3, may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to examine whether a potentially functional polymorphism, a proline (Pro) to leucine (Leu) substitution at codon 197 (Pro197Leu) of the human GPX1 gene, is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. Methods We genotyped the Pro197Leu polymorphism in a total of 113 nuclear families that had a proband with schizophrenia. Genetic association was tested using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), the sib transmission disequilibrium test (STDT), and the family-based association test (FBAT). Results The minor allele (Leu) frequency was calculated to be 0.282. We could not find significant transmission disequilibrium of the alleles for the Pro197Leu polymorphism in the GPX1 gene in association with the presence of schizophrenia in our family sample (TDT, χ2=0.03, degrees of freedom=1, P=0.86; combined TDT–STDT, Z′=−0.052, P=0.47; FBAT, Z=0.000, P=1.000). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the GPX1 polymorphism is unlikely to be associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia.
What is unique about the new Canadian COPD guidelines?

The prospect of digesting yet another set of ? best practice? guidelines is not an appealing one for the overwrought family physician. The Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) panel, charged with the enormous task of developing new evidencebased recommendations, was acutely aware of this. Nevertheless, they were convinced that the time was right to tackle this important educational initiative, and somehow managed to summon considerable reserves of energy and enthusiasm to produce an excellent, state-of-the-art compendium on the optimal management of this condition (1). Faced with the evidence that death rates from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continue to escalate in Canada and that its prevalence has risen to unprecedented levels (particularly in older women), the panel believed that there was an urgent need to raise awareness of this disease, and to optimize diagnosis and management (2).
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. aerial parts

The objectives were to study the potential of Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. aerial parts in production of nanoparticles and the effect of the extraction solvent on the produced nanoparticles. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts were prepared by percolation of the plant powder. Both the extracts of P. gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. successfully produced small and polydispersed nanoparticles with low aggregates in early hours of the biotransformation. Methanol extract produced spherical and many single nanoparticles, whereas dichloromethane produced porous polyhedral and more aggregated nanoparticles. Methanol extract of this plant seems to be quiet useful for industrial scale production of nanoparticles.
Energy-Efficient Single-Flux-Quantum Based Neuromorphic Computing

Recent experimental work has demonstrated nano- textured magnetic Josephson junctions (MJJs) that exhibit tunable spiking behavior with ultra-low training energies in the attojoule range. MJJ devices integrated with standard single-flux-quantum neural systems form a new class of neuromorphic technologies that have spiking energies between attojoules and zeptojoules, operation frequencies up to 100 GHz, and nanoscale plasticity. Here, we present the design of neural cells utilizing MJJs that form the basic elements in multilayer perception and convolutional networks. We present SPICE models, using experimentally derived Verilog A models for MJJs, to assess the performance of these cells in simple neural network structures. Modeling results indicate that the tunable Josephson critical current IC can function as a weight in a neural network. Using SPICE we model a fully connected two layer network with 9 inputs and 3 outputs.
Regulation of promoters by two transcription activators: evidence for a 'simultaneous touching' model.

The majority of bacterial promoters are regulated by at least two transcription factors. Many of these promoters are regulated by two activators, with expression being co-dependent on the activity of both activators [l] . At most of these promoters, one of the activators responds to a ‘global’ regulatory signal whilst the other responds to a ‘specific’ signal. For example, transcription initiation at the Escherichia coli nu& promoter is induced by oxygen starvation (a global signal, interpreted by the global regulator, FNR) and nitrate ions (a specific metabolic signal, interpreted by NarL). The E. coli nu& promoter is co-dependent on FNR and NarL. We are interested in understanding the mechanisms by which expression from a promoter can be codependent on two activators. In recent studies with promoters regulated by single transcription activators, we have demonstrated that direct protein-protein interaction between the activator and RNA polymerase (NAP) is essential for transcription activation. A number of studies have shown that RNAP carries two separate contact sites for such activators: one is located in the C-terminal domain of the a-subunit (aCTD) whilst the other is near the C-terminus of the a-subunit (reviewed in [2,3]). Most activators that make contact with a bind just upstream of the -35 region, whilst activators that contact aCTD generally bind further upstream. This suggests a simple model to explain co-dependence on two activators, illustrated in Figure 1, in which one of
Study of cellular location preferences of Salmonella typhimurium along with gene expression analysis

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium a hyperreplicating population, exists inside the cytoplasm of infected epithelial cells. This population expresses genes belonging to the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI-1) after exiting from the Salmonella Containing Vacuole (SCV) (Knodler, et al., 2010) (Beuzon, et al., 2002). SCV provides a protective niche to Salmonella typhimurium and the reasons for its escape into the cytoplasm are not known. We wanted to isolate cytoplasmic as well as SCV contained Salmonella typhimurium, so as to understand their cellular location preferences and to study the gene expression and regulation. In order to achieve this, we wanted to make use of the fact that vacuolar bacteria have their Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI-2) genes turned on, while those that exit from the vacuole switch off this system and express SPI-1 genes(Knodler, et al., 2010). Thus, a time based expression tracking of SPI-1 and SPI-2 in epithelial Salmonella typhimurium would help us to determine their cellular location and using fluorescent reporters as trackers they would be separated with the help of FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting). This gave rise to the objective of my work: Creation of a molecular tool to study temporal gene expression in bacteria. Keywords— SCVSalmonella Containing Vacuole, T3SSType Three Secretory System, TspTail Specific Potease, SPISalmonella Pathogenicity Island, RFPRed Fluorescent Protein, HBI 4 (phydroxybenzylidene ) imidazolidin-5-one
Extended general linear model based on-line brain activation mapping

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that recently has been used to measure changes in cerebral blood oxygenation associated with brain activity. Numbers of research groups have applied general linear model (GLM) based method to analyze the NIRS data. However, classical GLM based method cannot provide on-line analysis. Therefore, its usage is constrained in processing NIRS data where real-time feedback is required. In the present paper, we are proposing a framework for NIRS based on-line brain activation mapping. The framework employs an extended GLM with coefficients updated by an extended Kalman particle filter for on-line brain activation mapping. A set of data recorded in a finger tapping experiment was studied using the proposed framework. The results so obtained, suggested that the method can effectively locate brain activation areas on-line with the noisy NIRS signal, thereby demonstrating its potential for real-time NIRS-based brain imaging applications.
Bilden - Ermächtigen - Netzwerken. Erwachsenenbildung unter Frauen im entwicklungspolitischen Netzwerk WIDE

Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt das in Osterreich arbeitende Frauennetzwerk Â„WIDE Â– Netzwerk Women in Development EuropeÂ“ in den Blick, das sich seit 15 Jahren fur die Forderung genderbewusster entwicklungspolitischer Informations-, Bildungs- und Projektarbeit einsetzt. WIDE wird als ein wichtiger Ort der inhaltlich-politischen Auseinandersetzung, der Erwachsenenbildung und des Empowerments fur und von Frauen dargestellt. Vor allem die inhaltlich-praktische Auseinandersetzung mit Macht und Machtverhaltnissen wird diskutiert und analysiert. Eine wichtige eingesetzte Methode ist Economic Literacy, die Wirtschaftsalphabetisierung von Frauen. Starken und Qualitaten der Zusammenarbeit von Frauen im Netzwerk werden aufgezeigt. Die Bedeutung feministischer Bildungsarbeit ist fur die Autorinnen besonders wichtig, um Â– vor allem im Bildungsbereich Â– auf einen drohenden Ruckfall in androzentrische Werthaltungen hinzuweisen. (DIPF/Orig.)
A 0.11 /spl mu/m CMOS clocked comparator for high-speed serial communications

A differential comparator targeted at receiving 40 Gb/s signals and operating off a single 1.2 V supply was designed and fabricated in 0.11 /spl mu/m CMOS. It comprises a front-end sampler and a regenerative stage with a clocked buffer to achieve a narrow aperture time and a high toggle rate. The regenerative stage output buffer employs an impedance modulation technique based on switching of feedback gain to reduce the reset time while keeping the effective gain high. We confirmed comparator operation with BER less than 10/sup -12/ up to 32 Gb/s at a toggle rate of 8 GHz.
Prediction model for estimating leakage power consumption of routing resources in FPGAs

Leakage power in nano-scale technologies is an important source of power consumption. Moreover, FP-GAs with low utilization rates consume large leakage power in their routing and logical resources. As FPGA routing architecture incorporates large number of transistors, leakage power of routing resources contributes the majority of total leakage power consumption. In this paper, a pre-routing prediction model is proposed for estimating leakage power consumption of routing resources. Several parameters are used in the prediction model by analyzing their impacts on the leakage power consumption of routing resources. In addition to these parameters, the behavior of FPGA routers on different nets is estimated and considered in the prediction model. The proposed prediction model can be used in pre-routing power optimization techniques such as power-aware placement algorithms. Simulation results for 10 MCNC benchmarks show that the mean error rate of the proposed prediction model is about 28.8% for the FPGAs with 60% utilization rate.
Maintenance therapy with certolizumab pegol for Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND Certolizumab pegol is a pegylated humanized Fab' fragment with a high binding affinity for tumor necrosis factor alpha that does not induce apoptosis of T cells or monocytes. METHODS In our randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of certolizumab pegol maintenance therapy in adults with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease. As induction therapy, 400 mg of certolizumab pegol was administered subcutaneously at weeks 0, 2, and 4. Patients with a clinical response (defined as reduction of at least 100 from the baseline score on the Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI]) at week 6 were stratified according to their baseline C-reactive protein level and were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of certolizumab pegol or placebo every 4 weeks through week 24, with follow-up through week 26. RESULTS Among patients with a response to induction therapy at week 6 (428 of 668 [64%]), the response was maintained through week 26 in 62% of patients with a baseline C-reactive protein level of at least 10 mg per liter (the primary end point) who were receiving certolizumab pegol (vs. 34% of those receiving placebo, P<0.001) and in 63% of patients in the intention-to-treat population who were receiving certolizumab pegol (vs. 36% receiving placebo, P<0.001). Among patients with a response to induction therapy at week 6, remission (defined by a CDAI score of < or =150) at week 26 was achieved in 48% of patients in the certolizumab group and 29% of those in the placebo group (P<0.001). The efficacy of certolizumab pegol was also shown in patients taking and those not taking glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants and in patients who had and those who had not previously taken infliximab. Infectious serious adverse events (including one case of pulmonary tuberculosis) occurred in 3% of patients receiving certolizumab pegol and in less than 1% of patients receiving placebo. Antinuclear antibodies developed in 8% of the patients in the certolizumab group; antibodies against certolizumab pegol developed in 9% of all patients who entered the induction phase. CONCLUSIONS Patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease who had a response to induction therapy with 400 mg of certolizumab pegol were more likely to have a maintained response and a remission at 26 weeks with continued certolizumab pegol treatment than with a switch to placebo. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00152425 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Complex segregation analysis of quantitative dermatoglyphic traits in five Indian populations

Objective: Dermatoglyphics is widely used as a genetically determined trait in anthropogenetics although the genetic nature of its inheritance is still inconclusive, due to the lack of any established genetic model to resolve the existing inconsistencies in the literature. However, advanced statistical packages for complex segregation analyses are available and the aim of the present study is to determine the mode of dermatoglyphic trait inheritance in five different ethnic populations. Methods: Five hundred families (2435 individuals) of two generations were used for principal component analysis, familial correlation and segregation analysis (package MAN-5). Results: The similarity of three factors suggests a common internal structure. Significant familial correlation (except spouse) indicates the involvement of a familial component in the variation of dermatoglyphic traits. Segregation analyses suggest the transmission of a genetic effect in the families which follows the Mendelian model and confirms a major gene effect on factor 1 and factor 2 with two co-dominant alleles. There is no evidence of a major gene effect or environmental effect on factor 3 (a–b ridge counts). The nature of transmission and trait variance (H2) strongly supports the existence of a common nature of dermatoglyphic trait inheritance in populations, irrespective of ethnic and geographic area. Conclusion: Major gene involvement in finger dermatoglyphics according to Mendelian models is confirmed.
Fracture risk after the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: Influence of concomitant dementia

In an inception cohort of 196 Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with Parkinson's disease (PD) first recognized in 1976 to 1995, we tested whether the increased risk of bone fractures is associated with concomitant dementia. Using the data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, information about PD, dementia, other clinical risk factors for fracture and fracture events was obtained from review of complete inpatient and outpatient medical records spanning each subject's residence in the community. Compared to an equal number of age‐ and sex‐matched non‐PD referent subjects from the community, PD patients were at a 2.2‐fold increased risk of fractures generally and a 3.2‐fold greater risk of hip fractures specifically. Adjusting for age, the independent predictors of overall fracture risk in the PD subjects included female sex (hazard ratio [HR] 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–2.3), dementia (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1–2.4) and chronic depression, which was associated with a reduced risk (HR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.8). Hip fractures were predicted by dementia (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2–4.1). The increased fracture risk in patients with PD is not entirely explained by concomitant dementia, and additional study is needed to determine the relative contributions to fracture risk of falls versus bone loss in these patients. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
The Educational Object Economy: Alternatives in Authoring and Aggregation of Educational Software

The Educational Object Economy (EOE) emerged from research on end-user authoring tools for multimedia software and, by 1997, developed into a library of over 2000 freely available interactive simulations for learning. The organization's original goals and its ongoing interest in alternative methods of software authoring led to continuing connections with component-based software development and collaborative development models. Subsequent focus on learning resource development in developing countries has led to contributions to projects in India, Turkey, Brazil, and other countries. Although the need for learning resources in these and other countries is great, component-based approaches have not yet been adopted.
Research on an Integrated Hydrostatic-Driven Electric Generator with Controllable Load for Renewable Energy Applications

A hydrostatic transmission is a promising technology in renewable energy harvesting, such as wind energy and wave energy, where the hydrostatic-driven electric generator is a key energy conversion component. By using analytical and experimental methods, this paper investigates the performance of a novel hydrostatic-driven electric generator which integrates the functions of an axial piston hydrostatic motor and a permanent magnet electric generator together. The experimental platform consists of a prototype, an adjustable hydrostatic power source, a controllable electrical load, and various sensors. Energy conversions between hydrostatic and electrical forms are evaluated under different operating velocities and control signals. Power loss distributions are presented by combining measured data and analytical calculation. Thermal experiments are implemented under both of natural and oil-forced cooling conditions and it is found that the temperature rise is much lower when the machine is cooled by hydraulic oil. The experiments validate the energy conversion efficiency, steady controllability, and cooling capability of the integrated hydrostatic-driven electric generator. The results can provide references for further efficiency optimization, dynamic control, as well as practical application.
A low-power area-efficient dynamic circuit using conditionally charging pattern with embedded latching capability

High speed and small area are the main advantages of the dynamic logic for digital circuits. Power consumption of this logic family is the main drawback. In this paper a new method for reducing the power consumption of dynamic circuits is presented. The proposed technique is especially suitable for large fan-in gates where the dynamic node discharges very frequently. These kinds of gates are widely used in high performance applications like microprocessors. The proposed method is used in an 8-input NOR gate and an 8-input OR gate. The power-delay product of these gates is reduced by 46.7% and 35.15%, respectively in the 90nm CMOS technology, compared to their conventional dynamic counterparts. Meanwhile, we show that an inherent data latching capability exists in the proposed circuit that can result in reduced silicon area in pipelined structures.