Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An evaluation between Bloom Filter join and PERF join in Distributed Query Processing

Nowadays, with the explosion of information and the telecommunication era's coming, more and more huge applications encourage decentralization of data while accessing data from different sites [HFBOO]. The process of retrieving data from different sites called Distributed Query Processing. The objective of distributed query optimization is to find the most cost-effective of executing query across the network [OV99]. Semijoin [BC81] [BG+81] is known as an effective operator to eliminate the tuples of a relation which are not contributive to a query. 2-way semijoin [KR87] is an extended version of semijoin which not only performs forward reduction like traditional semijoin does, but also provides backward reduction always in costeffective way. Bloom Filter[B70] and PERF [LR95] are 2 filter based techniques which use a bit vector to represent of the original join attributes projection during the data transmission. Compare with generating a bit array with hash function in bloom filter, Pert join is based on the tuples scan order to avoid losing information caused by hash collision. In the thesis, we will apply both bloom filter and perf on 2-way semijoin algorithms to reduce transmission cost of distributed queries. Performance of propose algorithms will compare against each others and IFS (Initial Feasible Solution) through amount of experiments.
A Multiple View Environment for Collaborative Software Comprehension

Collaboration is an important issue for software comprehension activities which are performed in distributed development environments. Several studies have pointed to the relevance of visualization to provide support to these activities. Enriching visual metaphors with awareness elements can enhance collaboration in such environments. This paper presents a multiple view interactive environment to support collaborative software comprehension. A case study was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed environment considering that awareness elements are visually represented to support the collaborative software
AFREET: HUMAN-INSPIRED SPATIO-SPECTRAL FEATURE CONSTRUCTION FOR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION WITH SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES

The authors examine the task of pixel-by-pixel classification of the multispectral and grayscale images typically found in remote-sensing and medical applications. Simple machine learning techniques have long been applied to remote-sensed image classification, but almost always using purely spectral information about each pixel. Humans can often outperform these systems, and make extensive use of spatial context to make classification decisions. They present AFREET: an SVM-based learning system which attempts to automatically construct and refine spatio-spectral features in a somewhat human-inspired fashion. Comparisons with traditionally used machine learning techniques show that AFREET achieves significantly higher performance. The use of spatial context is particularly useful for medical imagery, where multispectral images are still rare.
Temperatureffekte bei der lasererzeugten Kavitation

Diese Arbeit behandelt den Einfluss der Wassertemperatur auf die Dynamik von einzelnen lasererzeugten Kavitationsblasen sowie den Warmetransport zwischen Blase und Flussigkeit wahrend der Blasenschwingung, insbesondere im Blasenkollaps. Im Experiment wird ein Nanosekunden-Laserpuls in eine spezielle temperaturgeregelte Kuvette fokussiert. Im Wasser kann auf diese Weise eine einzelne Kavitationsblase erzeugt werden. Die Blasendynamik bei verschiedenen Wassertemperaturen wird durch eine Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera erfasst und zusatzlich mit Hilfe verschiedener Modelle fur kugelformige Blasen numerisch berechnet. Zur Untersuchung des Warmetransports zwischen Blase und Flussigkeit werden Temperaturmessungen mittels laserinduzierter Fluoreszenz (LIF) durchgefuhrt. Dabei wird ausgenutzt, dass bei dem verwendeten Farbstoff die Fluoreszenzintensitat mit steigender Temperatur abnimmt. Ein Hydrofon zeichnet in den Experimenten die von der Blase ausgehenden Stoswellen auf. Die aus den Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen resultierenden Blasenradius-Zeit-Kurven zeigen, dass der Dampfdruck einen grosen Einfluss auf die Blasendynamik hat. Die abgestrahlten Stoswellen sorgen fur eine Dampfung der Blasenschwingung. Bei hohen Wassertemperaturen kollabiert die Blase langsamer und ihr Radius bleibt im Kollaps groser. Stoswellen werden als die Hauptursache fur Kavitationserosion angesehen. Die bei langsamerem Kollaps schwacheren Stoswellen konnten eine geringere Kavitationserosion bewirken. Bei den LIF-Temperaturmessungen konnte eine reduzierte Fluoreszenzintensitat in der Nahe einer lasererzeugten Blase beobachtet werden. LIF-Messungen an einer im Schallfeld gefangenen Blase zeigen ebenfalls einen deutlichen Abfall der Fluoreszenzintensitat in der Nahe der Blase. Es ist allerdings noch offen, ob dieser Intensitatsabfall durch eine Temperaturerhohung zustande kommt oder ob Fluoreszenzloschung durch chemische Reaktionsprodukte stattfindet. Falls es sich um eine Temperaturerhohung handelt, dann muss die von der Blase abgegebene Warmemenge sehr klein sein.
Acquisition of siSwati noun classes

In this article the strategies children use when learning siSwati as their first language are investigated. How this process relates to other language acquisition data, as well as the implications thereof in comparison to claims made by some linguists such as Slobin, McNeill, etc. are discussed. Some questions are raised in connection with these data. S. Afr. J. Afr. Lang. 1986, 6: 34–37
Diversity on the World Wide Web: Using Robots to Search the Web.

Le developpement du reseau mondial d'information, World Wide Web, signifie pour ses utilisateurs une nouvelle complexite : ils doivent pouvoir se retrouver parmi la quantite enorme de services. Implicitement, ils doivent aussi maitriser les outils de recherche ou de navigation qui les guideront dans cette toile d'araignee. Cet article presente quelques uns de ces moteurs de recherche et donne des conseils d'utilisation.
Prescribing restrictions – a necessary strategy among some European countries to enhance future prescribing efficiency?

The unsustainable growth in pharmaceutical expenditure has resulted in multiple initiatives across Europe to lower prices of generics and enhance their utilisation. These include prescribing restrictions. However, there have been concerns with their impact on subsequent quality of care as well as their influence in reality. OBJECTIVES: (a) Review the influence of prescribing restrictions and whether there are any differences depending on their nature and drug classes; (b) Ascertain whether prescribing restrictions can be added to existing demand-side measures to further enhance prescribing efficiency; (c) Whether they compromise subsequent quality of care. RESULTS: Prescribing restrictions have a variable impact on subsequent utilisation of patented protected products versus generics in a class, with their influence depending on the nature and follow-up of the restrictions rather than the class of drug. This is seen among the proton pump inhibitors, statins, and renin-angiotensin drugs. Prescribing restrictions can be successfully added to existing measures to further enhance prescribing efficiency, and do not appear to compromise subsequent quality of care. CONCLUSIONS: Prescribing restrictions can be a successful strategy as countries strive to maintain the European ideals for healthcare. However, care is needed when planning these programmes: else health authorities could be disappointed with their outcome.
Serious toys: Teaching computer science concepts to Pre-collegiate students

Advancements in science and engineering have driven innovation in the United States for more than two centuries. The last several decades have brought to the forefront the importance of such innovation to our domestic and global economies. To continue to succeed in this informationbased, technologically advanced society, we must ensure that the next generation of students are developing computational thinking skills beyond what was acceptable in past years. Computational thinking represents a collection of structured problem solving skills that cross-cut educational disciplines. There is significant future value in introducing these skills as early as practical in students’ academic careers. Over the past four years, we have developed, piloted, and evaluated a series of outreach modules designed to introduce fundamental computing concepts to young learners. Each module is based on a small embedded device —a “serious toy”— designed to simultaneously engage visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners through lectures, visual demonstrations, and hands-on activities. We have piloted these modules with more than 770 students, and the evaluation results show that the program is having a positive impact. The evaluation instruments for our pilots consist of preand post-attitudinal surveys and preand post-quizzes. The surveys are designed to assess student attitudes toward computer science and student self-efficacy with respect to the material covered. The quizzes are designed to assess students’ content understanding. In this dissertation, we describe the modules and associated serious toys. We also describe the module evaluation methods, the pilot groups, and the results for each pilot study.
A comparison of Gaussian mixture variants with application to automatic phoneme recognition

The diagonal covariance Gaussian Probability Density Function (PDF) has been a very popular choice as the base PDF for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. The only choices thus far have been between the spherical, diagonal and full covariance Gaussian PDFs. These classic methods have been used for some time, but no single document could be found that contains a comparative study on these methods in the use of Pattern Recognition (PR). There also is a gap between the complexity and speed of the diagonal and full covariance Gaussian implementations. The performance differences in accuracy, speed and size between these two methods differ drastically. There is a need to find one or more models that cover this area between these two classic methods. The objectives of this thesis are to evaluate three new PDF types that fit into the area between the diagonal and full covariance Gaussian implementations to broaden the choices for ASR, to document a comparative study on the three classic methods and the newly implemented methods (from previous work) and to construct a test system to evaluate these methods on phoneme recognition. The three classic density functions are examined and issues regarding the theory, implementation and usefulness of each are discussed. A visual example of each is given to show the impact of assumptions made by each (if any). The three newly implemented PDFs are the Sparse-, Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis(PPCA) and Factor Analysis (FA) covariance Gaussian PDFs. The theory, implementation and practical usefulness are shown and discussed. Again visual examples are provided to show the difference in modelling methodologies. The construction of a test system using two speech corpora is shown and includes issues involving signal processing, PR and evaluation of the results. The NTIMIT and AST speech corpora were used in initialisation and training the test system. The usage of the system to evaluate the PDFs discussed in this work is explained. The testing results of the three new methods confirmed that they indeed fill the gap between the diagonal and full covariance Gaussians. In our tests the newly implemented methods produced a relative improvement in error rate over a similar implemented diagonal covariance Gaussian of 0.3–4%, but took 35–78% longer to evaluate. When compared relative to the full covariance Gaussian the error rates were 18–22% worse, but the evaluation times were 61–70% faster. When all the methods were scaled to approximately the same accuracy, all the above methods were 29–143% slower than the diagonal covariance Gaussian (excluding
Expressive Design Tools: Procedural Content Generation for Game Designers

Games are shaped by the tools we use to make them and our ability to model the concepts they address. Vast improvements in computer graphics technology, processing power, storage capacity, and physics simulations have driven game design for the past forty years, leading to beautiful, spacious, detailed, and highly immersive worlds supporting games that are, for the most part, fundamentally about movement, collision, and other physics-based concepts. Designers use increasingly complex tools that support the creation of these worlds. The games industry is undoubtedly thriving on these technologies, but what comes next? The tools that game designers use today are highly complex–too complex for a growing population of novice designers, and offering little support for reasoning about gameplay–and there are entire genres of games that cannot be made using the tools available to us now. This dissertation presents the use of procedural content generation to create expressive design tools: content generators that are accessible to designers, supporting the creation of new kinds of design tools and enabling the exploration of a new genre of game involving the deep integration of procedural content generation into game mechanics and aesthetics. The first of these tools is Tanagra, the first ever AI-assisted level design tool that supports a designer creating levels for 2D platforming games. Tanagra guarantees that levels created in the tool are playable, and provides the designer with the ability to modify generated levels and directly control level pacing. The second tool is Launchpad, which supports a designer controlling both component and pacing features of generated levels; its companion game Endless Web uses the generator to create an infinite world for players to explore and alter through their choices. Endless Web is one of a handful of games in a new genre enabled by content generation: PCG-based games. Finally, this dissertation presents a novel method for understanding, visualizing, and comparing a generator's expressive range, thus allowing designers to understand the implications of decisions they will make during the design process.
NeXeme. A Distributed Scheme Based on Nexus. Reference Manual and User's Guide

The remote service request, a form of remote procedure call, and the global pointer, a global naming mechanism, are two features at the heart of Nexus, a library for building distributed systems. NeXeme is an extension of Scheme that fully integrates both concepts in a mostly-functional framework, hence providing an expressive language for distributed computing. This document is both NeXeme reference manual and user's guide.
On an opportunistic forwarding protocol using smart antennas for ad hoc networks (ネットワークシステム)

Smart antennas can electronically control beam direction. With smart antennas, several nodes may potentially communicate simultaneously in ad hoc networks. In addition, the higher gain of certain direction allows a node to communicate with other nodes far away. However, existing directional protocols has several problems and are not capable of fully exploiting the benefit. One of the major problems is deafness. Deafness problem may cause the increase of the delay and the packet discard. In this paper, we propose a deafness avoidance protocol. The proposed protocol applies the opportunistic forwarding, which can reduce the probability of the retransmission by making use of the neighbor node. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can outperform than traditional directional protocols.
Natural Language Processing: A Tutorial.

Abstract : This report is an introduction to Natural Language Processing (NLP) research, the subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI) attempting to produce computer programs capable of communicating with humans in their own language (English, for instance). Definitions of AI terminology relative to NLP and an overview of keyword, syntactic, and semantic parsing technologies are included. Keywords: Parsers; semantic networks. (Author)
Learning-to-write and writing-to-learn in an additional language

1. Preface (by Cumming, Alister) 2. Introduction 3. Chapter 1. Situating the learning-to-write and writing-to-learn dimensions of L2 writing (by Manchon, Rosa M.) 4. Part I. Learning-to-write and writing-to-learn: Mapping the terrain 5. Chapter 2. Learning to write: Issues in theory, research, and pedagogy (by Hyland, Ken) 6. Chapter 3. Writing to learn in content areas: Research insights (by Hirvela, Alan) 7. Chapter 4. Writing to learn the language: Issues in theory and research (by Manchon, Rosa M.) 8. Part II. Learning-to-write and writing-to-learn: Research insights 9. Chapter 5. Learning to write in a second language: Multilingual graduates and undergraduates expanding genre repertories (by Leki, Ilona) 10. Chapter 6. Writing to learn and learning to write by shuttling between languages (by Canagarajah, Suresh) 11. Chapter 7. Beyond writing as language learning or content learning: Construing foreign language writing as meaning-making (by Byrnes, Heidi) 12. Chapter 8. The language learning potential of form-focused feedback on writing: Students' and teachers' perceptions (by Hyland, Fiona) 13. Chapter 9. Writing to learn in FL contexts: Exploring learners' perceptions of the language learning potential of L2 writing (by Manchon, Rosa M.) 14. Chapter 10. Exploring the learning potential of writing development in heritage language education (by Hedgcock, John) 15. Conclusion 16. Chapter 11. Reflections on the learning-to-write and writing-to-learn dimensions of second language writing (by Ortega, Lourdes) 17. Contributors' biodata 18. Authors index 19. Thematic index
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR FORWARD AND RETURN LINKS IN HIGH THROUGHPUT SATELLITE SYSTEMS

In this paper, a number of interference-aware radio resource management (RRM) algorithms tailored to the forward and return links of geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite communication systems are presented. The performance assessment of scheduling algorithms is carried out in a system-level simulator with realistic channel models and system assumptions. While some of the algorithms are considered for application with state-of-the-art frequency reuse of 4, it is shown that scheduling enables the realization of full frequency reuse multi-beam satellite systems. The benefits of the application of these scheduling algorithms in terms of system capacity and user rates are evaluated.
How to analyze stochastic time series obeying a 2nd order differential equation

The stochastic properties of a Langevin-type Markov process can be extracted from a given time series by a Markov analysis. Also processes that obey a stochastically forced second order differential equation can be analyzed this way by employing a particular embedding approach: To obtain a Markovian process in 2N dimensions from a non Markovian signal in N dimensions, the system is described in a phase space that is extended by the temporal derivative of the signal. For a discrete time series, however, this derivative can only be calculated by a differencing scheme, which introduces an error. If the effects of this error are not accounted for, this leads to systematic errors in the estimation of the drift- and diffusion functions of the process. In this paper we will analyze these errors and we will propose an approach that correctly accounts for them. This approach allows an accurate parameter estimation and, additionally, is able to cope with weak measurement noise, which may be superimposed to a given time series.
Evolução do Sistema AIDA Centralizado para um Ambiente Concorrente usando OMT e SDL-92

Este trabalho propoe o uso combinado da metodologia OMT com a linguagem de especificacao formal SDL para a evolucao do AIDA, um software para o gerenciamento e analise de dados experimentais, em desenvolvimento na EMBRAPA, partindo de uma versao centralizada para um ambiente concorrente. Esta abordagem apresenta facilidades que produzem ganhos no processo de desenvolvimento de software, como a possibilidade de validacao e de simulacao do sistema, e tambem a geracao de codigo para sua prototipacao. Sao apresentados os modelos de objetos e as especificacoes em SDL das duas versoes, o resultado da validacao do ambiente AIDA centralizado e tambem um exemplo de simulacao deste sistema.
Face Image Quality Evaluation for Person Identification

Automatic evaluation of face image quality is an important topic in the development of face recognition systems. This paper describes a framework for assessing the conformity of face images with the parameter set in the standard ISO/IEC 19794-5 that determines if given images possess an identification value and can be used in personal identification documents. New algorithms for image analysis and image classification with respect to parameters evaluated in the proposed framework are presented. The proposal is implemented as a dynamic link library (DLL), offering many advantages for the use in different applications. Good and bad quality images are evaluated, and the feasibility of the use of this framework is shown experimentally.
PERBANDINGAN KOEFISIEN NMF DAN PROYEKSI BILINEAR SPACE SEBAGAI FITUR PADA PENGENALAN EKSPRESI WAJAH MANUSIA

NMF is one new developed method to make the part-based representation of non-negative data, such as human face image. NMF can reduce the dimension of high dimensional data such as multimedia data. In many researches,NMF can also used as a classification technique done by utilizing the extracted feature through NMF process. This article discusses about the classification technique of human face expression using NMF. This is done using NMF coeffisient and bilinear projection of face image. Some researches show the use of NMF coefficient in classification and some others use bilinear space projection. This research is conducted by simulating face espression recognition to the two available approaches and then comparing the accuracy and time efficiency aspect of the two methods. Through this research, it can be concluded that the use of NMF coefficient results in better accuracy compared to bilinear space projection, but bilinear space projection obtains better time efficiency.
IMAGEM DE PRODUTO: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO DA IMAGEM DE MÓVEIS DE AÇO

This study aimed to identify the image configuration of the product steel furniture by means the Product Image Configuration Technique (PICT). 25 undergraduate students were interviewed and after analyzing their answers, it was possible to identify the attributes that compose the central image of the product. The 31 attributes identified were sorted in descending order by total values and were categorized into five image dimensions. The attributes identified in the central image were durability, shelves, cabinet, organization, practicality, endurance and gray color. Regarding the dimensions, those that stood out were the cognitive and functional ones.
Pourquoi les n-grammes permettent de classer des textes? Recherche de mots-clefs pertinents à l'aide des n-grammes caractéristiques

Why N-grams constitute an effective tool for the text categorization? How do we pass from the purely formal aspect of the text to its meaning? In order to answer these questions, we seek the specific N-grams to a text subset, then the words that contain those specific N-grams. New key words for this class of texts can be discovered. We present experimentations done on a set of 7.789 documents extracted from the Reuters collection corresponding to the 10 most frequent classes. In order to be close to someone who searches documents of a precise subject, we try to discriminate each class against all the other. Lists of candidates key words are each time obtained. The use of the N-grams appears to be more efficient because the specific stemmings feature in the N-grams; this method is automatic and needs no preliminary linguistic analysis.