Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quitting smoking: experiences from the Southwestern region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Tobacco a huge global public health problem with 1.3 billion smokers worldwide contributed to 8.8% of all deaths and 4.1% of DALYs. Current prevalence of tobacco in Saudi is 12.1% considering the extent of tobacco smoking as a health issue. Objective: This study aims to find out the smoking patterns, quitting trials and determinants of smoking cessation among smokers in Aseer region. Methods: This study was conducted in six main antismoking clinics located in Abha city, Aseer region using a purposive sampling technique, this medical-record based, retrospective cohort study included data of all smokers (695) who attended the centers for the sake of quitting smoking. Results: A small percentage (12.8%) had successfully quit smoking i.e. they were smoking free for more than one year. A large proportion (78.3%) reported a previous attempt to quit smoking. Among those who tried to quit smoking, the number of trials ranged from to 1 to 6 times with an average of 2.34 ± 1.46 times and a median of 2 times. The average age of those trying to quit smoking (30.69+10.18 years) was significantly (t=2.127, P=0.034) lower than the corresponding figures of those who did not (32.69 ± 10.31 y). Conclusion: A good proportion of the respondents have a desire to quit and attempts quitting. The tobacco control program in Saudi Arabia has made great efforts with setting up of smoking cessation clinics that are manned with family physicians.
Beyond Darwinian Distance: Situating Distant Reading in a Feminist Ut Pictura Poesis Tradition

The challenge facing “distant reading” has less to do with Franco Moretti's assertion that we must learn “how not to read” than with his implication that looking should take the place of reading. Not reading is the dirty open secret of all literary critics-there will always be that book (or those books) that you should have read, have not read, and probably won't read. Moretti is not endorsing a disinterest in reading either, like that reported in the 2004 National Endowment for the Arts' Reading at Risk, which notes that less than half the adult public in the United States read a work of literature in 2002 (3). In his “little pact with the devil” that substitutes patterns of devices, themes, tropes, styles, and parts of speech for thousands or millions of texts at a time, the devil is the image: trees, networks, and maps-spatial rather than verbal forms representing a textual corpus that disappears from view. In what follows, I consider Distant Reading as participating in the ut pictura poesis tradition-that is, the Western tradition of viewing poetry and painting as sister arts-to explain how ingrained our resistances are to Moretti's formalist approach. I turn to more recent interart examples to suggest interpretive alternatives to formalism for distant-reading methods.
Energy Efficient Handover Management in Cluster Based Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensors are compact-size, low power, inexpensive devices which are capable to measure local environmental conditions or other parameters such as temperature, acceleration, and forward such information to a sink for proper processing. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been under development by both academic and industrial societies for a while. By moving toward applications such as the area of medical care and disaster response mobility in wireless sensor networks has attracted a lot of attentions. In energy constraint sensor network, mobility handling introduces unique challenges in aspects like resource management, coverage, routing protocols, security, etc. This paper, proposes an energy-efficient mobility-aware MAC protocol to handle node handover among different clusters. The simulation-based experiments show that the proposed protocol has better performance compared to the existing S-MAC method.
Abstract. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle contributes to the development of EBV-associated diseases. EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is key to EBV lytic replication, and our previous work indicated that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibited constitutive EBV lytic infectio

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle contributes to the development of EBV-associated diseases. EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is key to EBV lytic replication, and our previous work indicated that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibited constitutive EBV lytic infection through the suppression of LMP1-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-related protein kinase 1/2 signaling. The present study demonstrated that LMP1 in CNE-LMP1 constructed cells significantly induced the expression of the EBV lytic proteins BZLF1 (P<0.001) and BMRF1 (P<0.05) compared with CNE1 cells. Following treatment with a specific DNAzyme that targets LMP1, significantly reduced protein expression levels of BZLF1 and BMRF1 in EBV-associated epithelial carcinoma CNE1-LMP1 cells (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) and lymphoma B95.8 cells (both P<0.01) were observed. Furthermore, EGCG significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of LMP1 (P<0.05) in an apparent dose-dependent manner in CNE1-LMP1 and B95.8 cells. Thus, the present findings indicated that the molecular mechanism underlying EGCG inhibition of EBV lytic infection involves downregulation of LMP1.
Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland: The Past, Present and Future

This article explores the reasons for the slow progress being made in the Northern Ireland peace process. It examines complications that exist in dealing with the past, present, and future of the conflict between the two main communities whilst also arguing that it is hard to separate these time frames in practice. In terms of the present, some well known difficulties with the consociational approach are identified. Recent studies have also demonstrated a failure to address sectarianism at the grass-roots level and there has been a resurgence in activity by spoilers and rejectionists. When thinking about the future the two communities still have competing views about the final constitutional destiny of Northern Ireland and this inhibits the development of a sense of a shared future. Although there have been a plethora of initiatives for dealing with the past and for truth recovery, there does not appear to have been a satisfactory approach to this important dimension of peacebuilding. The article concludes by advocating two key strategies. The first is the development of initiatives based on the pursuit of superordinate goals. The second endorses Rorty’s idea of sentimental education as a way of building greater solidarity.
Design and Fabrication of a Three-Hopper Plantain Slicing Machine

Plantain is a semi-perishable crop and large quantity is wasted due to deterioration during the peak of harvest. To ensure food security and to reduce wastage, the adoption of an effective processing into chips for preservation and availability throughout the year is necessary. Modern methods of slicing have greatly improved production rates and reduced slicing time. The main objective of this study was to design and fabricate plantain slicing machine so as to optimize its efficiency at low cost, reduce total time of slicing and produce hygienic and quality chips. The design of the-three hopper slicing machine was achieved through proper focus on the capacity, materials and other design criteria for various component parts. The slicer consists of two cutting discs, cutting chamber, three feeding chutes, the main frame and power transmitting unit. The result of the newly fabricated slicing machine shows that maintenance cost is cheap, slicing time of plantain chips is reduced, operation of the machine does not require special skill, the machine is easy and safe to operate, it is free of noise and vibration, the slicing method is continuous with two slicing blades provided inside the cutting chamber and energy for loading and unloading is reduced since three feeding chutes and large discharged outlet are provided. Slicing of plantain is safe since finger injury is reduced. The efficiency of the-three hopper plantain slicing machine is 97.37 % with capacity of 116.88 g/s. The slicer is therefore recommended for commercial use.
RASCAL: DARPA’s Solution to Responsive, Affordable, Micro-Satellite Space Access

RASCAL is a revolutionary space access program initiated by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). RASCAL will demonstrate the capability to launch microsatellites into low earth orbit routinely and on short notice using an air-launch system architecture. A propulsion enhancement – Mass Injection Pre-Compressor Cooling (MIPCC) allows the air vehicle to obtain high-energy flight conditions and provides the capability for exoatmospheric staging of an expendable rocket with satellite payload attached. This architecture effectively reduces recurring launch costs, which are targeted to be $750,000 per launch.
Correlation Between EEG Activity and Behavior in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

The aim of this study was to determine whether EEG activity in specific bands correlated with the core behavioral symptoms of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Sixty boys diagnosed with AD/HD Combined type and 60 age-matched male controls participated in this study. An EEG was recorded during an eyes-closed resting condition and relative power estimates in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, and the theta/beta ratio, were calculated. The EEG measures of the AD/HD group were converted to z scores relative to the controls, and these were correlated with scores on the Conners' Rating Scale obtained from a parent. The AD/HD group had global increases in theta activity and the theta/beta ratio, increased frontal delta, with reduced global alpha and frontal beta activity. Frontal theta activity correlated with inattention, the theta/beta ratio correlated with hyperactivity-impulsivity, and both measures correlated with a Combined type diagnosis. EEG power anomalies in AD/HD ar.
THE EFFECTS OF MANAGERIAL CONSULTATION ON VOICE FUTILITY WITH ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE AS MODERATOR: MEDIATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY

Managerial consultation is the precursor in encouraging employee voice behaviors. In present day, voice is regarded as an essential tool in improving the performance of any organization. Employee voice acts as a driving factor in influencing organizational change and suggesting innovative ideas. Organizational justice moderates the relationship between managerial consultation and voice futility. Psychological safety motivates employees to feel safe in voicing their opinions. When employees feel they will not be treated unjustly and are free to express their ideas, they are more likely to voice their opinions without hindrance. Moreover, by anticipating positive responses from the manager, employees are more likely to have trust in management to appreciate their input. This study has three propositions. The first states that managerial consultation has a positive impact on voice futility. Secondly, organizational justice moderates this relationship while lastly, psychological safety mediates this relationship. The study concludes in the acceptance of these propositions. Researchers should explore the psychological factors of managers regarding employee voice.
Zoogeographic analysis of the fish fauna associated with soft bottoms during El Niño-La Niña (98-99) In San Ignacio Lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Abstract The San Ignacio Lagoon is part of the Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve, a location that has been declared a critical area for the conservation of marine mammals and fish that use it for breeding, feeding and refuge. The present paper has as its main focus to determine the impact of a large-scale oceanographic phenomenon (El Nino/La Nina) on the zoogeographic composition of the community of soft-bottom fish of the San Ignacio Lagoon. During the warm El Nino period of spring and fall 1998, the average water temperatures in San Ignacio Lagoon were between 20.9 and 21.1°C (± 0.2°C), while during the summer of 1998 average temperatures were higher (24.3°C), and during the cold La Nina period of the 1999 winter a 13.4°C average temperature was recorded. Eight species were present during all seasons: Eucinostomus dowii, Hippocampus ingens, Hypsopsetta guttulata, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, Paralichthys californicus, Sphoeroides annulatus, Sphoeroides lispus and Urobatis halleri. The species with the highest abundance during El Nino were: Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, Eucinostomus dowii; whereas during La Nina the most abundant species were: Sphoeroides lispus, Paralabrax auroguttatus and Sphoeroides annulatus. The recorded fishes had zoogeographic affinity for the following provinces: Panamic (36%), Californian (32%), Eastern Pacific (18%) and Mexican (11%). Eleven fish species of tropical affinity that were recorded during El Nino event of 1997-1998.
Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate

We explore the role of lakes in carbon cycling and global climate, examine the mechanisms influencing carbon pools and transformations in lakes, and discuss how the metabolism of carbon in the inland waters is likely to change in response to climate. Furthermore, we project changes as global climate change in the abundance and spatial distribution of lakes in the biosphere, and we revise the estimate for the global extent of carbon transformation in inland waters. This synthesis demonstrates that the global annual emissions of carbon dioxide from inland waters to the atmosphere are similar in magnitude to the carbon dioxide uptake by the oceans and that the global burial of organic carbon in inland water sediments exceeds organic carbon sequestration on the ocean floor. The role of inland waters in global carbon cycling and climate forcing may be changed by human activities, including construction of impoundments, which accumulate large amounts of carbon in sediments and emit large amounts of methane to the atmosphere. Methane emissions are also expected from lakes on melting permafrost. The synthesis presented here indicates that (1) inland waters constitute a significant component of the global carbon cycle, (2) their contribution to this cycle has significantly changed as a result of human activities, and (3) they will continue to change in response to future climate change causing decreased as well as increased abundance of lakes as well as increases in the number of aquatic impoundments.
Improving the inverse modeling of a trace isotope: how precisely can radium-228 fluxes toward the ocean and submarine groundwater discharge be estimated?

Abstract. Radium-228 (228Ra), an almost conservative trace isotope in the ocean, supplied from the continental shelves and removed by a known radioactive decay (T1∕2 = 5. 75 years), can be used as a proxy to constrain shelf fluxes of other trace elements, such as nutrients, iron, or rare earth elements. In this study, we perform inverse modeling of a global 228Ra dataset (including GEOSECS, TTO and GEOTRACES programs, and, for the first time, data from the Arctic and around the Kerguelen Islands) to compute the total 228Ra fluxes toward the ocean, using the ocean circulation obtained from the NEMO 3.6 model with a 2° resolution. We optimized the inverse calculation (source regions, cost function) and find a global estimate of the 228Ra fluxes of 8.01–8. 49 × 1023 atoms yr−1, more precise and around 20 % lower than previous estimates. The largest fluxes are in the western North Atlantic, the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, with roughly two-thirds in the Indo-Pacific Basin. An estimate in the Arctic Ocean is provided for the first time (0.43–0.50 × 1023 atoms yr−1). Local misfits between model and data in the Arctic, the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio regions could result from flaws of the ocean circulation in these regions (resolution, atmospheric forcing). As radium is enriched in groundwater, a large part of the 228Ra shelf sources comes from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a major but poorly known pathway for terrestrial mineral elements, including nutrients, to the ocean. In contrast to the 228Ra budget, the global estimate of SGD is rather unconstrained, between 1.3 and 14. 7 × 1013 m3 yr−1, due to high uncertainties on the other sources of 228Ra, especially diffusion from continental shelf sediments. Better precision on SGD cannot be reached by inverse modeling until a proper way to separate the contributions of SGD and diffusive release from sediments at a global scale is found.
The High Temperature Effect on Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Designed with Single and Hybrid Fibres

The purpose of this paper is to declare the results of investigation conducted on design of bre reinforced self compacting lightweight concrete which has three di erent concrete technologies, and high temperature e ect on it. For this aim, it is desired that production of new kind concrete material composed of bre reinforced concrete, self compacting concrete and structural lightweight concrete technologies using all their better bene ts. In this study, y ash was used as a powder to reduce Portland cement consumption as well as CO2 emission through the use of that waste material. A control self compacting concrete and 7 bre reinforced self compacting lightweight concretes were designed applying slump ow (T50owing time and owing diameter) and V-funnel tests to determine fresh concrete properties. In the design of bre reinforced self compacting lightweight concrete, both single and hybrid bre reinforced self compacting lightweight concrete mixes were produced using 1 macro and 1 micro steel bres in di erent lengths and aspect ratios. Hybrid bre reinforced self compacting lightweight concrete mixes were prepared using macro bres together with micro bre at three di erent percentages (50% 50%, 25% 75%, 75% 25%) by weight. After design process, cubic and prismatic concrete specimens were produced to determine hardened properties at standard concrete age. Firstly, exural tensile and compressive strength tests were performed on the concrete specimens on 28 day. Lastly, the concrete specimens were heated up to temperatures of 200, 400, 600 and 800 ◦C then compressive strength and exural tensile tests were performed to identify high temperature e ect comparing to strength test results obtained from standard laboratory conditions. The test results showed that concrete mixes including macro bres gave the best tensile strength properties, although they gave the worst fresh concrete properties.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Biokinetics in EGSB Reactor

A three-dimensional model integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and biokinetics was established to model an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor in this study. The EGSB reactor treating synthesized municipal wastewater was operated at ambient temperature. The model provided satisfactory modeling results regarding hydrodynamics and biokinetics. The model shows that influent distribution was evenly distributed. In addition, butyrate and propionate degradation rates linearly decreased along the flow direction in the reactor. However, acetate degradation rate increased first and decreased later. VFA degradation rate distributions were different at each reactor cross section. VFA degradation rates near reactor wall were lower than VFA degradation rates at reactor axis. Moreover, a pulse high influent COD concentration had a tiny impact on effluent quality, which indicates that the reactor was stable while treating synthesized wastewater at adopted conditions.
Coping with the Lionfish Invasion: Can Targeted Removals Yield Beneficial Effects?

Invasive species generate significant environmental and economic costs, with maintenance management constituting a major expenditure. Such costs are generated by invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois spp.) that further threaten already stressed coral reefs in the western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. This brief review documents rapid range expansion and potential impacts of lionfish. In addition, preliminary experimental data from targeted removals contribute to debates about maintenance management. Removals at sites off Little Cayman Island shifted the size frequency distribution of remaining lionfish toward smaller individuals whose stomachs contained less prey and fewer fish. Fewer lionfish and decreased predation on threatened grouper, herbivores and other economically and ecologically important fishes represent key steps toward protecting reefs. However, complete evaluation of success requires long-term data detailing immigration and recruitment by lionfish, compensatory growth and reproduction of lionfish, reduced direct effects on prey assemblages, and reduced indirect effects mediated by competition for food. Preventing introductions is the best way to avoid impacts from invasive species, and early detection linked to rapid response ranks second. Nevertheless, results from this case study suggest that targeted removals represent a viable option for shifting direct impacts of invasive lionfish away from highly vulnerable components of ecosystems.
FMCG brand, supermarket chain and consumer relationships

The new FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) landscape has increasingly been dominated by large retail chain stores that are highly concentrated. In the FMCG equation, the locus of power has shifted from manufacturers to retailers, particularly to large supermarket chains. Accepted views of brands have however tended to put emphasis on the relationship of manufacturer brands with consumers, thereby largely neglecting brand – reseller relationships. This has been identified as a gap in the literature. The research intends to address this gap by adopting a holistic study that encompasses a three-way brand, supermarket chain, and consumer relationship. The objective of the study is theory building.
Comparison of the Culturable Bacterial Flora from three Microenvironments from Pečina v Borštu Cave (South-west Slovenia)

Pecina v Borstu cave is situated in the karst area of Matarsko podolje in the south-west part of Slovenia. The cave was formed in Upper Cretaceous limestone which is in some parts of the cave extremely weathered. We have analysed samples from three different microenvironments in this cave: silver flashing droplets, water from a small pond and weathered limestone bedrock of the cave wall. In the water sample approximately 104 colony forming units (CFU) per millilitre were detected, whereas the weathered limestone contained approximately 106 CFU per millilitre. Fluorescent pseudomonads were found in all three environments. In the silver droplets a single species of a fluorescent pseudomonad was isolated. The bacterial flora in other two environments was more diverse; Gram negative nonfermentative bacteria and actinomycetes were isolated from both samples. The water contained also violet pigmented bacteria and Gram positive cocci.
Homogeneity, Saddle Path Stability, and Logarithmic Preferences in Economic Models

In a stylized Robinson Crusoe economy, we demonstrate the usefulness of homogeneity in initial conditions when solving and analyzing macroeconomic models. In a first step, we define state-like and control-like variables. In a second step, we introduce the value-function-like function. While the former step reduces the number of variables that have to be considered when solving the model, the latter step reduces the dimensionality of the Bellman equation associated with the optimization problem. The model’s solution is shown to be saddle-path stable, such that the phase diagram associated with the Bellman equation has two solution branches and the structure of our model allows us to state both the stable and the unstable branch explicitly. We also explain the usefulness of logarithmic preferences when studying the continuoustime Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. In this case the utility maximization problem can be transformed into an initial value problem for an ordinary differential equation.