Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of collagen by mammalian cell lines of fibroblastic and nonfibroblastic origin.

12 Oehlert, W. , and B. V. Pein, Beitr. Pathol. Anat. Ailgem. Pathol. , 128, 300 (1963). 13 Moog, F. , Science, 144, 414 (1964). 14 Garren, L. D. , R. R. Howell, G. M. Tomkins, and R. M. Crocco, these PROCEEDINGS, 52, 1121 (1964). 15 Conney, A. H. , E. C. Miller, and J. A. Miller, Cancer Res., 16, 450 (1956); Conney, A. H. , E. C. Miller, and J. A. Miller, J. Biol. Chem., 228, 753 (1957); Conney, A. H. , J. R. Gillette, J. K. Inscoe, E. R. Trams, and H. S. Posner, Science, 130, 1478 (1959). 16 Loeb, L. A. , and H. V. Gelboin, Nature, 199, 809 (1963); Loeb, L. A. , and H. V. Gelboin, these PROCEEDINGS, 52, 1219 (1964); Hishizawa, T. , H. -:tsuka, and H. Terayama, J. Biochem. , 56, 97 (1964). 17 Wattenberg, L. W. , and J. L. Leong, J. Histochem. Cytochem. , 10, 412 (1962); Gelboin, H. V. , and N. Blackburn, Cancer Res., 24, 356 (1964). 18 Monod, J., and F. Jacob, in Synthesis and Structure of Macromolecules, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, vol. 26 (1961), p. 389; Pitot, H. C. , and C. Heidelberger, Cancer Res., 23, 1694 (1963); Boyland, E. , Brit. Med. Bull., 20, 121 (1964). 19 Litwack, G. , and D. Kritchevsky, Actions of Hormones on Molecular Processes (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1964). 20 Kidson, C. , and K. S. Kirby, Cancer Res., 24, 1604 (1964); McCarthy, B. J., and B. H. Hoyer, these PROCEEDINGS, 52, 915 (1964). 21 DeMaeyer, E. , and J. DeMaeyer-Guignard, Science, 146, 650 (1964). 22 Brookes, P., and P. D. Lawley, Nature, 202,781 (1964). 23Jensen, E. V. , E. Ford, and C. Huggins, these PROCEEDINGS, 50, 454 (1963). 24 Waddington's term to describe the "whole series of biochemical processes which lead from a gene to the phenotypic character by which it is recognized. "
Highly Sensitive and Selective VOC Sensor Systems Based on Semiconductor Gas Sensors: How to?

Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is of increasing importance in many application fields such as environmental monitoring, indoor air quality, industrial safety, fire detection, and health applications. The challenges in all of these applications are the wide variety and low concentrations of target molecules combined with the complex matrix containing many inorganic and organic interferents. This paper will give an overview over the application fields and address the requirements, pitfalls, and possible solutions for using low-cost sensor systems for VOC monitoring. The focus lies on highly sensitive metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, which show very high sensitivity, but normally lack selectivity required for targeting relevant VOC monitoring applications. In addition to providing an overview of methods to increase the selectivity, especially virtual multisensors achieved with dynamic operation, and boost the sensitivity further via novel pro-concentrator concepts, we will also address the requirement for high-performance gas test systems, advanced solutions for operating and read-out electronic, and, finally, a cost-efficient factory and on-site calibration. The various methods will be primarily discussed in the context of requirements for monitoring of indoor air quality, but can equally be applied for environmental monitoring and other fields.
Soft Tissue Response to Upper Incisor Retraction in Boys

The paper describes the lip morphology and treatment changes in two groups of boys with slight (3–4 mm) and marked (8–10 mm) overjets. The results show that the initial morphological differences are greatest in the lower lip and these are maintained even after treatment. In individuals with a small overjet, the upper lip response is more closely related to the degree of incisor retraction than in individuals with marked overjet. Correction of the great overjets results in approximately similar upper and lower lip retraction. The results generally show great variability, and thus indicate that prediction of soft tissue changes in an individual case is difficult.
The mechanism of the pyruvate, phosphate dikinase reaction.

and Summary. -Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase has been purified from propionic acid bacteria and evidence is presented in this report to show that the over-all reaction involves the following reactions: Enzyme + ATP ; enzyme-PP + AMP (1) Enzyme-PP + Pi T± enzyme-P + PPi (2) Enzyme-P + pyruvate T± enzyme + P-enolpyruvate (3) Mg2 + Sum: Pyruvate + ATP + Pi P-enolpyruvate + AMP + PPj. (4) The enzyme combines with ATP to form an enzyme-diphosphate compound and AMP, with the ,f and y phosphates from ATP bound to the enzyme (reaction 1). The a-phosphate of the enzyme-diphosphate then combines with orthophosphate to give pyrophosphate and enzyme-phosphate (reaction 2). The ,8-phosphate is then transferred from the enzyme-P to pyruvate to produce free enzyme and P-enolpyruvate (reaction 3). The sum of the three reactions is reaction 4, which is the over-all reaction catalyzed by pyruvate, phosphate dikinase. The propionic acid bacteria grow well on lactate and pyruvate and therefore must be able to convert pyruvate to P-enolpyruvate, which is required for the netformation of 4-carbon compounds, carbohydrates, glycerol, and other cell materials. Investigation (unpublished) has revealed that the conversion of pyruvate to P-enolpyruvate does not occur via oxalacetate, nor by a reversal of the pyruvate kinase reaction. We have found1 that the conversion resembles that catalyzed by P-enolpyruvate synthase, which was discovered in E. coli by Cooper. and Kornberg2 and which catalyzes the following reaction:
Clinical Use and Utility of Amyloid Imaging

Currently, 3 amyloid PET tracers are approved and commercially available for clinical use. They allow for the accurate in vivo detection of amyloid plaques, one hallmark of Alzheimer disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on the clinical use and utility of amyloid imaging. Appropriate use criteria for the clinical application of amyloid imaging are established, and most currently available data point to their validity. Visual amyloid image analysis is highly standardized. Disclosure of amyloid imaging results is desired by many cognitively impaired subjects and seems to be safe once appropriate education is delivered to the disclosing clinicians. Regarding clinical utility, increasing evidence points to a change in diagnosis via amyloid imaging in about 30% of cases, to an increase in diagnostic confidence in about 60% of cases, to a change in patient management in about 60% of cases, and specifically to a change in medication in about 40% of cases. Also, amyloid imaging results seem to have a relevant impact on caregivers. Further, initial simulation studies point to a potential positive effect on patient outcome and to cost effectiveness of amyloid imaging. These features, however, will require confirmation in prospective clinical trials. More work is also required to determine the clinical utility of amyloid imaging specifically in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and in comparison with or in conjunction with other Alzheimer disease biomarkers. In summary, the clinical use of amyloid imaging is being studied, and the currently available data point to a relevant clinical utility of this imaging technique. Ongoing research will determine whether this accurate and noninvasive approach to amyloid plaque load detection will translate into a benefit to cognitively impaired subjects.
New (fMRI) versus Old (Direct Cortical Stimulation) Technology: Which is Prime Time for Language Mapping?

Commentary Mapping human brain function began with direct cortical stimulation (DCS) of the brain. In their classic descriptions of functional localization of the cerebral cortex in the 1950s, Wilder Penfield and Herbert Jasper (1) used DCS to map the cerebral cortex of humans, describing many functional areas, including the sensory and motor representations of rolandic cortex, as well as speech and language functional areas. Today, DCS remains the most reliable test for mapping cortical function, with advantages of a very long history of prior experience with the technique. However, DCS has disadvantages, necessitating placement of subdural grid, strip, or depth electrodes, with associated perioperative morbidity and mortality. Another major limitation of DCS is limited sampling of cortical structures. Even the most extensive grid, strip, and depth electrode arrays cover only a fraction of the cortex. Given the limitations of DCS, the article by Austermuehle et al. covers an important topic in functional mapping, exploring the correlation of DCS with functional MRI (fMRI) for mapping language cortex. Mapping language function with fMRI is noninvasive and samples the entire brain, overcoming the major shortcomings of DCS. For more straightforward functions, such as motor mapping, motor paradigms to obtain fMRI maps are relatively straightforward. However, the optimal tests for mapping language function in fMRI are more complex, reflecting the intrinsic complexity of language function in the brain overall. Therefore, fMRI testing paradigms are less standardized and remain an important topic of study. Functional MRI paradigms to evaluate language function must account for the complexity of speech and language comprehension. The initial perception of speech engages the bilateral auditory cortex, as well as processing of spectral and temporal speech information, which occur before higher level perception of speech as language. Conceptually, perceived speech eventually activates brain regions that demonstrate long-term representations of language function allowing interpretation of information. The regions of the brain involved in the interpretation of speech and language vary depending on the presentation of information. Therefore, different language paradigms for fMRI protocols show activation in different brain regions. The paradigm used in this study used the typical language fMRI design with language and control conditions, with the language condition theoretically activating language-related regions, and the control condition representing activation of “background” regions. Image processing involves comparison of the language (task) and control conditions, resulting a comparative map of activation of the language condition relative to the control condition. Language Functional MRI and Direct Cortical Stimulation in Epilepsy Preoperative Planning.
Anomaly Detection in Concurrent Programs

An approach to the analysis of concurrent software is discussed. The approach, called anomaly detection, involves the algorithmic derivation of information concerning potential errors and the subsequent, possibly non-algorithmic determination of whether or not the reported anomalies are actual errors. We give overviews of algorithms for detecting data-usage and synchronization anomalies and discuss how this technique may be integrated within a general software development support system.
Emphasizing the Health Benefits of Vitamin D for Those with Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities

People with neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disabilities have much greater health care needs. Mainly staying indoors, such people generally have low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. The Vitamin D Task Force of the American Academy of Developmental Medicine and Dentistry (AADMD) reviewed the evidence of 25(OH)D concentrations that benefit the health of persons with developmental disabilities. Maintaining recommended optimal serum 25(OH)D concentrations year long will benefit skeletal development in infants, children, and adolescents, and benefit musculoskeletal health and neuromuscular coordination in adult patients, and decrease risk of falls. Maintaining optimal concentrations decreases risks and severities of autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, many types of cancer, dementia, types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, and respiratory tract infections. Other benefits include improved dental and oral health and improved physical performance. The Task Force recommends that 25(OH)D concentrations for optimal health to be in the range of 75 to 125 nmol/L, which can be achieved using between 800 and 4000 IU/day vitamin D3 and sensible exposure to solar UVB radiation. The paper also discusses the potential risks of higher 25(OH)D concentrations, the evidence from and limitations of randomized controlled trials, and the recommendations by various groups and agencies.
Optimal Cardinality Constrained Portfolio Selection

One long-standing challenge in both the optimization and investment communities is to devise an efficient algorithm to select a small number of assets from an asset pool such that a portfolio objective is optimized. This cardinality constrained investment situation naturally arises due to the presence of various forms of market friction, such as transaction costs and management fees, or even due to the consideration of mental cost. Unfortunately, the combinatorial nature of such a portfolio selection problem formulation makes the exact solution process NP-hard in general. We focus in this paper on the cardinality constrained mean-variance portfolio selection problem. Instead of tailoring such a difficult problem into the general solution framework of mixed-integer programming formulation, we explore the special structures and rich geometric properties behind the mathematical formulation. Applying the Lagrangian relaxation to the primal problem results in a pure cardinality constrained portfolio selection .
Charge Transport Mechanisms in Heavy-Ion Driven Leakage Current in Silicon Carbide Schottky Power Diodes

Under heavy-ion exposure at sufficiently high reverse-bias voltages, silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes are observed to exhibit gradual increases in leakage current with increasing ion fluence. Heavy-ion exposure alters the overall reverse current-voltage characteristics of these diodes, leaving the forward characteristics practically unchanged. This paper discusses the charge transport mechanisms in the heavy-ion damaged SiC Schottky diodes. A macro model, describing the reverse current-voltage characteristics in the degraded SiC Schottky diodes is proposed.
Inhibition of replication of hepatitis B virus by cytallene in vitro

The acyclic cytosine nucleoside analog cytallene [1-(4'-hydroxy-1',2'-butadienyl)cytosine], which has both (+)- and (-)-enantiomers, was evaluated for its anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity in 2.2. 15 cells and was found to have potent activity against HBV DNA synthesis. The R-(-)-enantiomer was found to be the more active of the cytallene enantiomers, with a 50% inhibition concentration against HBV synthesis (HBIC50) of 0.08 microM. Its antiviral activity could be reversed by deoxycytidine (dC) and less efficiently by cytidine. Upon removal of the R-(-)-enantiomer from culture medium, the synthesis of HBV DNA could reinitiate, which suggested that the antiviral action is reversible. The R-(-)-enantiomer was also found to be more cytotoxic than the S-(+)-enantiomer. The degree of cytotoxicity varied among the cell lines, with a 50% inhibition of cell growth at greater than 10 microM. The R-(-)-enantiomer had no effect on HBV RNA synthesis and mitochondrial DNA synthesis at a concentration of 10 times or more than the HBIC50. The two enantiomers cannot be deaminated by dC deaminase, and they can be phosphorylated by cytoplasmic dC kinase. The R-(-)-enantiomer of cytallene is the first acyclic cytosine analog with potent inhibitory activity against HBV similar to those of other L-(-)-ddC analogs.
Morphometric and cytomorphologic characterization of EGFR‐mutated cancer cells—comparison between cultured lung cancer cell lines and lung adenocarcinoma clinical samples

Recently molecular targeting therapies such as inhibition of enzyme activities associated with gene mutations responsible for lung carcinogenesis have been demonstrating promising outcomes, increasing the importance of gene analysis using clinical samples. Cytomorphologic findings with predictive value toward specific gene mutation such as EGFR mutation could be a useful tool to select appropriate gene analyses using limited clinical samples.
Theory of Coulomb-blockade oscillations in the conductance of a quantum dot.

Developpement d'une theorie de la reponse lineaire pour l'effet tunnel resonnant a travers un point quantique de faible capacitance, dans le regime des resonances elargies thermiquement. Cette theorie etend la theorie classique des oscillations du blocage coulombien de Kulik et Shekhter au regime de l'effet tunnel resonnant. On considere aussi bien le cas de la diffusion inelastique negligeable que celui de la diffusion inelastique forte. On inclut completement les effets dus a la distribution differente de celle de Fermi-Dirac, des electrons au sein des niveaux d'energie. Les resultats analytiques explicites sont obtenus pour la periodicite, l'amplitude, la forme de la raie, et l'energie d'activation des oscillations de la conductance
Isokinetic Evaluation of Knee Extensor and Flexor Muscles in Professional Soccer Players 06 ARTIGO RBME 409

Introduction and objective: Studies that relate parameters of muscular performance in different sports, and especially in soccer, have been frequently reported in the literature. However, the methodological variations among studies, the type of dynamometer used in each search and placement of each subject during the evaluations results in the divergence of the data collected. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a data collection to provide figures on the muscular profile and establish normative parameters for the professional soccer players’ muscular performance, supporting scientific research and future studies. Methods: The sample consisted of 39 athletes from a professional soccer club in Porto Alegre. In order to evaluate muscular performance, an isokinetic dynamometer was used and the tests consisted of maximal concentric contractions, being knee flexors and extensors muscles tested at 60°/s and 240°/s velocities. Analysis of means by t test (independent samples) was used to investigate significant differences between legs considering the parameters evaluated in this study. For all statistical procedures the confidence interval was 95% (p <0.05). Results: The results of this study characterized the muscular profile of professional soccer players on the capacity of torque, work and maximum power, normalized by body weight. Moreover, significant differences were observed between legs considering some of the study’s variables. Conclusion: The normative data set can be used as reference values for prevention, training and rehabilitation of athletes, and serve as reference for future studies with the aim to relate parameters of muscular performance and incidence of injuries in soccer.
Early or delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis? Conclusions of a controlled trial.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now accepted as being safe for acute cholecystitis. However, it has not become routine, because the exact timing and approach to the surgical management remains ill defined. This study evaluated the effect of timing of LC in patients with acute cholecystitis. METHODOLOGY Group 1, those patients who had LC for AC within 72 hours was compared with group 2, those who had LC for AC after 72 hours. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine if any factors had a significant association with the complications, postoperative hospital stay, and conversion index. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Comparing the two groups, the conversion rate to an open procedure was significantly less (7.8% versus 18.4%, P_0.02) in the early treated patients. Furthermore, postoperative hospitalization (6.5 versus 9.5 days, P 0.01), and complications (8.8% versus 17.7%, P _0.02) were significantly reduced in patients undergoing early laparoscopic cholecystectomy. CONCLUSION There is no advantage to delaying cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis on the basis of outcomes in complications, rate of conversion to open surgery, and mean hospital stay. Thus, early cholecystectomy should be be the preferred surgical approach for patients with acute lithiasic cholecystitis.
Effects of fasting and semistarvation on the kinetics of active and passive sugar absorption across the small intestine in vivo.

The effects of dietary restriction on the kinetics of absorption in vivo of glucose, galactose and alpha‐methyl glucoside were assessed by electrical and chemical methods in the rat jejunum. 2. The 'apparent Km', maximum absorption or Vmax (mu‐mole/10 cm. 15 min) and maximum potential difference (p.d.max) were obtained for the jejunal electrogenic active transfer mechanism from the transfer p.d. s and the chemical absorption data corrected for diffusion using various graphical kinetic plots. 3. Fasting for 3 days greatly decreased the 'apparent Kms', obtained from electrical or chemical data, for all the sugars but had no effect on those for L‐valine or L‐methionine. Semistarvation caused a less pronounced reduction of the 'apparent Kms' for the sugars. The dietary‐induced change in 'apparent Km' for glucose was also observed in the fasted hamster. One interpretation of these changes is that the affinity of the carriers for sugars increases during dietary restriction; the greater the level of restriction the greater the increase. 4. Fasting and semistarvation caused large reductions in the Vmax. These reductions were correlated with a reduced enterocyte population estimated by changes in enterocyte column size. 5. The reduction in the Vmax for galactose was mainly accounted for by the decrease in enterocyte population. In the case of glucose, other factors such as reduced enterocyte metabolism or changes in the carriers must be involved to explain the discrepancy between the large decrease in Vmax and the enterocyte column size. 6. Fasting and semi‐starvation had complex, differential actions on the p.d. max for glucose, galactose and alpha‐methyl glucoside. These changes did not correlate with those observed in the Vmax measured chemically. 7. A standard diet obtained from two commercial sources was found to differ greatly in its effect on the electrogenic transfer system for alpha‐methyl glucoside but had no effect on those for galactose and glucose.
Frequency of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: a nonsynergistic combination of 5-fluoroorotate and atovaquone suppresses in vitro resistance

A combination of 5-fluoroorotate and atovaquone eliminated Plasmodium falciparum in long-term cultures more efficiently than either compound alone. The improved potency came not through synergistic activity but through decreased frequency of drug resistance. In support of this finding, it was shown that 5-fluoroorotate and atovaquone do not act in a synergistic fashion, that 5-fluoroorotate-resistant and atovaquone-resistant P. falciparum organisms generated in vitro do not show cross-resistance, and that the frequency of simultaneous resistance to the two compounds approached the product of their individual resistance frequencies. To demonstrate the last finding, and establish proof of principle, an in vitro method was developed for measuring the frequency of drug resistance in P. falciparum. By this method, it was shown that the frequency of resistance to 10(-7) M 5-fluoroorotate was about 10(-6) and the frequency of resistance to 10(-8) M atovaquone was about 10(-5); the frequency of simultaneous resistance to a combination of 10(-7) M 5-fluoroorotate and 10(-8) M atovaquone was less than 5 x 10(-10). On the basis of additional measurements, it was estimated that the frequency of simultaneous resistance to higher, pharmacologically more relevant, concentrations of 10(-6) M 5-fluoroorotate and 10(-7) M atovaquone would be less than 10(-17). Control experiments demonstrated that these drug combinations did not cause increased toxicity to mammalian cells in culture. On this basis, it is predicted that a combination of 5-fluoroorotate and atovaquone will successfully eliminate typical malarial infections in animals and in human patients at doses that are readily tolerated.