Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formal Equivalence Checking for Mobile Malware Detection and Family Classification

Several techniques to overcome the weaknesses of the current signature based detection approaches adopted by free and commercial antimalware have been proposed by industrial and research communities. These techniques are mainly supervised machine learning based, requiring optimal class balance to generate good predictive models. In this paper, we propose a method to infer mobile application maliciousness by detecting the belonging family, exploiting formal equivalence checking. We introduce a set of heuristics to reduce the number of mobile application comparisons and we define a metric reflecting the application maliciousness. Real-world experiments on 35 Android malware families (ranging from 2010 to 2018) confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in mobile malware detection and family identification.
Energy-Efficient Millimeter-Wave Cell-Free Systems Under Limited Feedback

MmWave cell-free systems where multiple base stations (BSs) cooperatively serve user using the mmWave band signal have gained much attention recently due to its capability to dramatically improve the system capacity. One potential drawback of mmWave cell-free systems is that an intensive deployment of BSs increases the energy consumption of network substantially. To improve the energy efficiency, acquisition of accurate downlink channel state information (CSI) at the BSs is essential. However, this task is not easy since the CSI feedback overhead scales linearly with the number of antennas as well as the number of BSs. In this paper, we propose an approach to maximize the energy efficiency of mmWave cell-free systems under the limited feedback. Key idea of the proposed energy-efficient dominating path selection (EE-DPS) algorithm is to choose a small number of paths in the angular domain channel and then exploit the channel information of chosen paths in the data precoding and power allocation. By choosing the dominating paths maximizing the energy efficiency and then feeding back the components of chosen paths, we achieve a considerable reduction in the feedback overhead. Numerical results demonstrate that EE-DPS achieves more than 80% energy efficiency improvement over the conventional CSI feedback-based schemes.
The Influence of Thickness on the Tensile Strength of Finnish Birch Veneers under Varying Load Angles

The development of high-performance, veneer-based wood composites is a topic of increasing importance due to the high design flexibility and the comparable mechanical performance to solid wood. Part of this improved mechanical performance can be contributed to the size effect present in wood. Based on previous findings in the literature, this size effect can be either strengthening or weakening. The presented study investigates the influence of thickness and load angle on the tensile strength and tensile stiffness of peeled veneers compared to thin sawn timber. Veneers with thicknesses of 0.5 ± 0.05 mm, 1.0 ± 0.05 mm and 1.5 ± 0.05 mm as well as sawn wood with thicknesses of 1.5 ± 0.1 mm, 3.0 ± 0.1 mm and 5.0 ± 0.1 mm were tested in tension under different load angles (0°, 45° and 90°). The results only partly confirm a size effect for strength parallel to the grain. The strength perpendicular to the grain increased significantly between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm, with a significant decrease between 1.5 mm and 5.0 mm. The presence of lathe checks diminished the strength perpendicular to the grain of the veneers by about 70% compared to solid wood, partly overshadowing a possible strengthening effect. It was concluded that a transition from a strengthening to a weakening behaviour lies in the range of multiple millimetres, but further investigations are needed to quantify this zone more precisely. The presented results provide a useful basis for the development of veneer-based wood composites with a performance driven layer-thickness.
Antagonistic activity of Exiguobacterium indicum LIS01 isolated from sediment

1Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh 2Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh 3School of Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh 4Department of Pediatrics, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Online Secure State Estimation of Multiagent Systems Using Average Consensus

Secure state estimation (SSE) is a problem to defense false-data injection attacks. This study designs an online distributed SSE of heterogeneous multiagent systems under homologous attack. A triple-loop observer is proposed to estimate the state and attack signal simultaneously. The inner loop keeps the estimations of the attack signal the same using average consensus. The middle loop adjusts the estimations via residual information. The outer loop runs when system measurements change. A sufficient condition that estimations asymptotically converge to the real value is obtained and proved. Finally, the proposed observer has been tested on the global positioning system.
Long-term soil response to variable-retention harvesting in the EMEND (Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance) experiment, northwestern Alberta

Kishchuk, B. E. , Quideau, S. , Wang, Y. and Prescott, C. 2014. Long-term soil response to variable-retention harvesting in the EMEND (Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance) experiment, northwestern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 263-279. We report on soil responses to variable-retention (VR) harvesting from a large-scale experiment (>1000 ha). Samples were taken prior to treatment, and 1 and 6 yr after treatment under cover types representing the successional trajectory for boreal mixedwood forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada. Variable-retention harvesting at six overstory-retention levels [100 (control), 75, 50, 20, 10, and 0% (clearcut)] were applied to 10-ha experimental units under four cover types: deciduous-dominated (80-95% trembling aspen); deciduous-dominated with coniferous understory (80-95% trembling aspen with white spruce understory at 60-80% of full stocking); mixed coniferous-deciduous (35-65% of each); and coniferous-dominated (80-95% white spruce). Only a few clear differences in soil properties attributable to VR harvesting were evident 6 yr post-harvest: (1) both extractable NH4-N in forest floor and 0-7 cm mineral-soil, and forest floor exchangeable K decreased with increasing canopy removal, and (2) forest floor exchangeable Ca increased with canopy removal. There was a decreasing trend in forest floor and mineral soil C (kg ha-1) in undisturbed stands between 1998 and 2005. Differences in soil properties among cover types included higher pH and N concentration in forest floors, and higher cation exchange capacity and exchangeable Ca and Mg in mineral soils in deciduous-dominated stands. Deciduous-dominated stands appear to have distinct soil properties that change under stand development.
Hazardous Scenario Enhanced Generation for Automated Vehicle Testing Based on Optimization Searching Method

The scenario-based test method is the research hotspot of automated vehicle (AV) validation and verification (V&V), and testing with hazardous scenarios is of important means. An Optimization Searching (OS) method for enhanced generation in hazardous scenarios is proposed in this paper to efficiently explore functional boundary scenarios in a huge logical state space. The method is computationally tractable, and its generated experimental parameters are optimized using past test results. The method includes five essential modules. The Exploration and Exploitation module uses the Multi-arm bandit method to obtain the greatest sum of the $TTC^{\mathbf {-1}}$ (Time To Collision). The Parameter Moving Probability Determination module uses an analytic hierarchy process to ensure that influential parameters are more likely to move. The Step Size Determination module is built with Levy-step to find a greater number of hazardous scenarios. The Memory Function module is used to avoid repeat experiments that can reduce computing efficiency. The Result Analysis module creates a hazard parameter space for subsequent tests. We tested an ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) algorithm with a specified logical scenario in the virtual environment built by PreScan. The results showed that the OS method can effectively discover the dangerous range with the tested ACC algorithm, and its test speed can reach more than five times that of an exhaustive algorithm without prior knowledge.
Enhancement of Multi-Target Tracking Performance via Image Restoration and Face Embedding in Dynamic Environments

In this paper, we propose several methods to improve the performance of multiple object tracking (MOT), especially for humans, in dynamic environments such as robots and autonomous vehicles. The first method is to restore and re-detect unreliable results to improve the detection. The second is to restore noisy regions in the image before the tracking association to improve the identification. To implement the image restoration function used in these two methods, an image inference model based on SRGAN (super-resolution generative adversarial networks) is used. Finally, the third method includes an association method using face features to reduce failures in the tracking association. Three distance measurements are designed so that this method can be applied to various environments. In order to validate the effectiveness of our proposed methods, we select two baseline trackers for comparative experiments and construct a robotic environment that interacts with real people and provides services. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods efficiently overcome dynamic situations and show favorable performance in general situations.
Positive/negative electrocaloric effect induced by defect dipoles in PZT ferroelectric bilayer thin films

Double hysteresis loops induced by defect dipoles are obtained in PbZr0.52Ti0. 48O3/PbZr0.8Ti0. 2O3 ferroelectric bilayer thin films prepared by a sol–gel method. The migration of the defect dipoles related to the temperature and applied electric field is investigated in detail, which has a deep influence on the polarization due to the effect of the domain pinning caused by defect dipoles. Meanwhile, the electrocaloric effect based on double hysteresis loops induced by defect dipoles has been studied. The coexistence of a negative electrocaloric effect and positive electrocaloric effect has been achieved in PbZr0.52Ti0. 48O3/PbZr0.8Ti0. 2O3 bilayer films, ΔT = −8.4 K at 155 °C, and ΔT = 4.4 K at 45 °C. The amplifying effect of the applied electric field in the PZr0.8Ti0. 2O3 layer films plays an important role in the excellent negative electrocaloric values. More interestingly, the coexistence of the negative electrocaloric and positive electrocaloric effect can be obtained by regulating the applied electric field, which is beneficial to enhancing the cooling efficiency during the cycling of the applied electric field.
Capabilities of the Regional Cabin Demonstrator as digital twin for a future test mock-up

Digital twins are essential for Industry 4.0 and the digitalization of research, development and manufacturing. By now, the models contain more and more information and are already often highly complex systems. However, an important step is to keep the model as simple as possible in order to reduce computing resources and the associated simulation time. The Indoor Environment Simulation Suite (IESS) is a tool to generate a zonal model from a CAD geometry. It is designed to simulate the transient indoor climate in a short time, while still considering all important physical processes (heat conduction, radiation, convection). After the zonal model has been generated, the user can parameterize it specifically to the application and couple it with other models when needed. Here, a new approach is to integrate a thermo-physiological model of the human body in order to make statements about the human perception of thermal comfort. This is of particular interest in early development phases in order to assess air conditioning strategies as well as structural or technical adaptions due to thermal bridges or other influences on the cabin climate. In this paper a concept will be presented where the zonal model is coupled with the thermo-physiological model to investigate selected case studies on how thermal comfort in a regional aircraft can be assessed and considered in early design phases. The cabin model is based on a new type of regional aircraft for which a mock-up is currently being built in order to perform subject test at the Fraunhofer Institute in Holzkirchen. The thermal model can thus make statements in advance about how test scenarios should be carried out in order to gain the greatest possible benefit from the subject study tests, where the number of different tests is limited.
Spin–orbit coupling and Lorentz force enhanced efficiency of TiO2‐based dye sensitized solar cells

We report on the effect of the strong spin–orbit coupling and the Lorentz force on the efficiency of TiO2‐based dye sensitized solar cells. Upon inclusion of Ho2O3, due to the strong spin–orbit coupling of the rare earth Ho3+ ion, we do see 13% enhancement in the efficiency. We attribute such an enhancement in power conversion efficiency to the increased lifetime of the photo‐excited excitons. Essentially, a Ho3+ ion accelerates the phenomenon of the spin rephasing or the intersystem crossing of the excitons in a photosensitizer. Increase in the absorbance and decrease in the photoluminescence intensity suggests a decrease in the recombination rate, hinting an enhanced charge transport, and is in accordance with our electrochemical impedance spectra and the J–V characteristics. From the above we strongly believe that enhanced efficiency of the device is due to increased intersystem crossing which would accelerate the exciton dissociation. On top of spin–orbit interaction, a configuration where the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other helped in enhancing the efficiency by 16%, suggesting that the Lorentz force also plays a dominant role in controlling the charge transport of the photo‐generated charge carriers. We strongly believe that this simple and novel strategy of improving the efficiency may pave the way for realizing higher efficiency dye sensitized solar cells.
Implementation of financial report and taxation training: performance of MSMEs in Special Regions Yogyakarta

This study aims to determine and analyze the application of financial report and taxation training for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as well as any constraints faced ahead. This study observed 25 MSMEs in Special Region of Yogyakarta using a convenience sampling method. The data used are primary data obtained through interviews and focus group discussions. This research used qualitative analysis techniques. The result shows that MSMEs did not keep records because it was difficult and inconvenient. It also found that MSMEs have a tax ID number (NPWP) but did not pay and report their taxes. Tax is perceived as an expense which results in a reduced profit. However, financial reports and knowledge of taxation are required when applying for bank loans and obtaining government incentive funds. With training in the preparation of financial and tax reports, MSMEs are aware of the importance of financial and tax reports. Financial reports, NPWP, and tax return (SPT) filling are factors that can improve their business performance.
Two‐dimensional Darcy–Forchheimer flow of a dusty hybrid nanofluid over a stretching sheet with viscous dissipation

The main objective of the present examination is to design a stable mathematical model of a two‐phase dusty hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with heat transfer in a porous medium, and the Darcy–Forchheimer flow is taken into account with viscous dissipation and melting effect. The equations of motion are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by considering suitable similarity variables. These dimensionless expressions are solved by a well‐known numerical technique known as Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth order method. The behavioral study and analysis of the velocity and thermal profile in dual phases (fluid phase and dust phase) for diverse values of parameters are estimated using graphs and tables. The result outcome reveals that the velocity gradient declines in the fluid phase and increases in the dust phase for a rise in values of the velocity interaction parameter. Also, the velocity gradients of the both phases diminish for increasing values of the porosity parameter. Furthermore, it is determined that the increase in the value of melting parameter leads to a decline in the thermal gradient of both phases.
Roles of solid effective stress and fluid-particle interaction force in modeling shear-induced particle migration in non-Brownian suspensions

The mixture, or suspension balance, model is the most frequently used to describe shear-induced particle migration in Newtonian fluids. The model suggests that neutrally buoyant particles migrate only if the effective stress tensor of the solid phase is nonuniform. In moderately dense suspensions, where direct particle contacts and interparticle forces are negligible, this tensor originates from the velocity fluctuations of the particles. Using Buyevich's constitutive equation, we show that the time required by these fluctuations to induce significant particle migration exceeds considerably the timescale of the process, obtained experimentally. In particular, the ratio between these two timescales is proportional to the reciprocal of the Reynolds number; hence, for vanishingly small values of the Reynolds number (the case on which this work focuses), particle velocity fluctuations cannot be responsible for particle migration. We conclude that, if direct particle contacts and interparticle forces are absent, particle migration must have another driver. In the literature, it has been suggested that this is the lubrication forces between the particles. On this assumption, Morris and Boulay advanced a closure for the solid effective stress tensor. This closure seems to predict well the migration process, but as discussed by P. R. Nott, E. Guazzelli, and O. Pouliquen, The suspension balance model revisited, Phys. Fluids 23, 043304 (2011), it presents some conceptual issues. We investigate this matter and show that lubrication forces can induce particle migration, and the tensor quantifying their effect can be closed by Morris and Boulay's equation; however, this tensor is not part of the effective stress tensor of the solid phase.
Marcadores discursivos focalizadores com 'bem' sob a perspectiva da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fundamental propor uma rede construcional constituida por marcadores discursivos focalizadores formados por verbos de percepcao cognitiva no imperativo em P2 e pelo adverbio focalizador bem –, como, por exemplo, “olha bem”, “veja bem” e “repara bem”. A fim de cumprir o objetivo proposto, baseamo-nos, do ponto de vista teorico, na Linguistica Funcional Centrada no Uso (BYBEE, 2010; MARTELOTTA, 2011; FURTADO DA CUNHA et al. , 2013; TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013; ROSARIO; OLIVEIRA, 2016; BISPO; SILVA, 2016), abordagem que concebe a lingua como um inventario de construcoes organizadas em rede. Tambem para o cumprimento do objetivo proposto, realizamos uma analise sincronica de dados a partir de um corpus escrito sincronico atual, cujas sincronias representam os anos de 2008, 2011, 2014 e 2017. Para o tratamento dos dados, adotamos, do ponto de vista metodologico, o equacionamento entre a analise qualitativa dos dados e o calculo da frequencia de uso (CUNHA LACERDA, 2016). Como resultado mais proeminente, a analise realizada aponta que as construcoes identificadas, cuja forma mais generica e [verbo imperativo + bem ], apresentam diferentes funcoes, entre as quais se destacam a chamada de atencao do interlocutor pelo locutor e a focalizacao de um elemento da sequencia discursiva. Palavras-chave: Linguistica Funcional Centrada no Uso. Construcionalizacao gramatical. Focalizacao. Marcadores discursivos focalizadores. Marcadores discursivos com “bem”.
Detection and description generation of diabetic retinopathy using convolutional neural network and long short-term memory

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the eye diseases suffered by diabetes patients that will cause blindness if it does not get effectively treated for a certain period of time. Early detection is needed to help patients get effective treatment based on their severity. Researchers have done copious amounts of research regarding the methods for DR detection using shallow learning and deep learning approaches. The proposed method in this paper is a combination of two deep learning architectures, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). CNN is used to detect lesions on retinal fundus images, and LSTM is used for generating description sentences based on those lesions. In the training and testing process, the CNN output will be used for the input of LSTM. The training process’s target is to produce a model that can map retinal fundus images into a sentence. The results of this experiment using the MESSIDOR data set has an accuracy of around 90%.
Insight into the Effect of Highly Dispersed MoS2 versus Layer-Structured MoS2 on the Photocorrosion and Photoactivity of CdS in Graphene–CdS–MoS2 Composites

Designing a semiconductor CdS-based photocatalyst for H2 evolution from water with high activity and stability is extremely desirable for practical application. We report the important morphological and structural influence of MoS2 cocatalyst on the photocorrosion and photoactivity of CdS that is carpeted on a graphene (GR) surface. Homogeneous dispersion of MoS2 nanoparticles by a controlled photodeposition (PD) method produces the GR–CdS–MoS2 (PD) composite, which does not have the characteristic stacked layer structure of MoS2. However, this GR–CdS–MoS2 (PD) composite exhibits much higher activity and particularly antiphotocorrosion than the hydrothermal synthesized GR–CdS–MoS2 (HT) counterparts, which feature the characteristic MoS2 layer structure, toward photocatalytic water splitting under visible light irradiation. The characterization results indicate that homogeneous dispersion of tiny MoS2 for GR–CdS–MoS2 (PD) markedly improves the separation and transfer of charge carriers and provides the inc.