Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Searches for Fourth Generation Heavy Quarks with the ATLAS Detector

The addition of one or more generations of heavy fermions is a natural extension to the Standard Model (SM). New physics models with such heavy quarks can accommodate a heavier Higgs boson within the constraint of precision electroweak data, and extend the CKM matrix to provide new sources of CP violation [1, 2]. Here we presents several studies carried out with the ATLAS detector [3], using 7 TeV proton-proton collision data delivered by the LHC in 2011.
Effects of predation pressure on bacterial abundance, diversity, and size-structure distribution in an oligotrophic system

We designed microcosm experiments to study the response of bacterial communities to altered predation pressure, in phosphorus-limited conditions. Different-sized predators were removed through filtration, yielding the following treatments: bacteria only (no predation, NP; <1 μm filtrate); small-sized predators (10P, <10μm filtrate) and small- to medium-sized predators present (50P, <50 μm filtrate). Natural control (NC) included predators of all sizes. Thus we compared the relative impact of differential predation on abundance, biovolume, community composition and size-structure distribution of bacterial assemblages subject to grazing by different-sized predators. The relative diversity of microbial communities was estimated by a fingerprinting based approach for both prey and predators. The results showed that the presence of grazers preserved the Shannon diversity of the bacterial community and shifted the size-structure distribution towards grazing- resistant forms. Absence of predation promoted competition for resources and resulted in a constant reduction of the relative diversity of the bacterial community. The change in the size-structure distribution of the bacterial communities in the treatments was accompanied by alterations in the relative operational taxonomic unit (OTU) composition of the eukaryotic and bacterial communities. Bacterial OTUs grouped in two distinct fractions linked to their size-structure distribution, in dependence to the presence of the predators: Small and Edible cells were favoured by low grazing pressure whereas Filaments and Aggregates were stimulated by predator presence. Eukaryotic OTUs successful at high grazing activity resulted as rather different than OTUs successful at lower degree of grazing. Under high protistan grazing pressure, there was a clear shift in bacterial community composition regarding both size-structure distribution and genotypes. Nevertheless, diversity was preserved. The opposite situation characterized the predator-free bacterial communities; a clear and constant reduction of the community diversity was indicated, confirming that moderate top-down control is fundamental to the shaping and preservation of natural bacterial communities, even in oligotrophic systems.
Clinical applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging

Based on Brownian motion, diffusion statement of proton hydro inside body is one of the most important variables affected on the diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease response to treatment. There are some different kinds of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging types such as diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion imaging, zoom diffusion imaging, and diffusion spectrum imaging. In this short communication, we aimed to introduce clinical applications of these diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging types.
Is improved fitness associated with reduced pain intensity in patients with low back pain

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a common global health problem and it causes more disability worldwide than any other disease. Despite this, knowledge concerning causes, prevention and effective treatments is lacking. It is a general assumption that LBP is associated with reduced physical capacity, but only few studies have examined this association. Objective: To examine the association between fitness and pain intensity in LBP-patients. Further to examine the association between clinically relevant improved fitness and clinically relevant reduced pain intensity at follow-up based on the patients’ baseline fitness levels. The hypothesis being that the association is most substantial for patients with poor baseline fitness levels at inclusion. Methods: Cohort study with three months’ follow-up based on data from a previous RCT study. The study population consisted of 176 patients with LBP and complete 3 months’ follow-up on fitness and pain. Clinically relevant improved fitness was defined as improved fitness ≥ 10% from baseline to follow-up. Clinically relevant change in pain intensity was defined as a reduction ≥ 30% on the Numerical Rating Scale. The association was examined by Spearman correlation and logistic regression and presented by OR (95 CI). Results: No correlation between fitness and pain intensity at baseline was found. Also, no association between clinically relevant improved fitness and clinically relevant reduced pain intensity based on the patients’ baseline fitness levels was detected. Conclusions: The study examined the association between fitness and pain intensity in LBP-patients and no association between changes in fitness and pain intensity during the 3 months’ follow-up was seen. The study contributes with evidence based on clinically relevant changes in fitness and pain intensity. Correspondence to: Cecilie Rud Budtz, Central Region, Denmark, E-Mail: cecilie.budtz@hotmail.com
Estimating Statistical Measures of Pleiotropic and Epistatic Effects in the Genomic Era

Recent developments in the technology for sequencing the genomes of various species has had a profound effect of the working paradigms of various fields of genetics. Included among these fields is the classical field of quantitative genetics, which is a subfield of statistical genetics, that is devoted to traits that can be quantified on some continuous scale and are often influenced by alleles at many loci. In recent years, many investigators have conducted genome wide sweeps and have used a variety of statistical criteria to judge whether identified regions of the human genome have a significant influence on the expression of some quantitative trait such as measurements on patients with Alzheimer's disease. From the point of view of quantitative genetics, the regions of a genome that have some influence on a quantitative trait may be viewed as loci, and variations among these loci at the $DNA$ level, such as nucleotide substitutions or other markers, may be used as working definitions of alleles, and, therefore, can be used to determine whether an individual carries a particular allele at some locus. Given such data, an investigator can identify the genotype of each individual in a study, with respect to the loci under consideration as well as the two alleles present at each locus in a diploid species such as man. This ability to use these working definitions to identify the genotype of each individual in a sample results in a significant change in the working paradigm of sub-field of quantitative genetics, called variance and covariance analysis, because effects and components of variance and covariance may be estimated directly in a sense that will be described in detail in the paper.
The Verb Transitivity of Muntafiq Arabic: A Morphosyntactic Mapping

Transitivity refers to the linguistic system used to create experiential or ideational meaning, which is concerned with how entities and actions in a situation are coded in the language. It is a linguistic property of verbs that relates to whether a verb can take direct objects and how many such objects a verb can take. of southern Iraqi varieties, Muntafiq Arabic stands as a shining example of having such a syntactic behavior, i.e. transitivity. The present paper is a concerted effort to draw morpho-syntactic lines on the map of Muntafiq verbal system and transitivity seems to be, among others, the phenomenon which really deserves scrutiny and speculation. The paper is chiefly based on data collecting in the city of Nassiryya (South of Iraq), at Shaikh Abbass’ guesthouse.
HOW QUALITY OF HOST – PLANT AFFECTS A PREDATOR – PREY INTERACTION IN BIOLOGICAL - CONTROL

In cases of successful biological control the pest population is maintained at low densities by a natural enemy, but the mechanisms by which the predator or parasitoid manages to control the pest are often unknown. This study was undertaken to determine the response of a predator to different population growth rates of its prey within a biological control system. Population growth rate of the phytophagous mite Panonychus ulmi was varied by altering the nutritional status of the host plant (apple trees (Pyrus malus)). NPK fertilizer was added to the soil, resulting in higher nitrogen, lower phosphorus, and lower potassium levels in the foliage of the trees. There appeared to be a nonlinear relationship between nitrogen and P. ulmi densities, with density increasing and then decreasing as nitrogen concentration was increased. Two predaceous mites, Typhlodromus pyri and Zetz- ellia mali, were implicated in the control of P. ulmi, but the effectiveness of both was reduced at high nitrogen levels. The predators therefore did not fully compensate for in- creases in the population growth rate of their prey, although P. ulmi densities were main- tained well below the economic threshold in all cases. However, the probability of persis- tence of the prey populations was not significantly affected by the nutrient regimes, suggesting that the fundamental dynamics of the predator-prey interaction were not altered by the range of population growth rates in this study.
Multiple Imputation to overcome missing data on feed intake in pigs

Feed intake and associated traits like feed conversion are important characteristics in pig breeding and feed stations are in use for individual feed intake. Missing data may arise due to various known and unknown causes. Here we assess the performance of imputation methods and the subsequent impact on estimates of genetic parameters. Complete data on the daily feed intakes of 1224 boars, with a test period of 114 days, were available from feed stations. The scenarios of missing data reflected real practices, i.e., due to system noise, animal size, or logistics, each with three levels. The imputation methods included mean imputation (MEAN), linear regression imputation (REGR), and multiple imputation chained equation (MICE). The MEAN method was inferior in most scenarios. Across all scenarios, the MICE and REGR methods yielded very similar results on imputation accuracy and estimated genetic parameters.
Kinetics Study and controlled release of Synthesized Phenoxy herbicides-Based Nanocomposites from; 2, 4 -dichloro- and 2, 4, 5- trichlorophenoxy acetates with Zn/Al Layered double hydroxide interlamellae

The synthesis of phenolxy herbicides- Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides nanohybrids by reacting 2, 4-di chloro- (24D) and 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (TCPA) nanocomposites were accomplished using direct method of ion exchange. The release of nanohybrids into various aqueous salutions; carbonate and phosphate was found to be controlled by parabolic diffusion at the beginning of the process. On the other hand, the whole process is governed by pseudo-second order rate expression. The percentage saturated released was found to be anionic-dependent, in the order of carbonate > phosphate for the release media and 24D >TCPA for the anionic guest. This study suggests that the release of the phenoxyherbicides agrochemicals from the nanohybrid compounds can be tuned by choosing the right combination exchangeable anions both in the incoming and the out coming anions.
Experimental Nonlinear Tracking Control for Nonholonomic Mobile Robots with Input Constraints

This paper presents experimental results of nonlinear trajectory tracking for nonholonomic mobile robots with input constraints. Programmed to emulate an unmanned air vehicle flying at a constant altitude, a nonholonomic mobile robot is assigned to follow a desired trajectory so as to transition through a sequence of targets in the presence of static and dynamic threats. Two velocity controllers with input constraints are proposed for tracking control. The comparison of hardware results using these two velocity controllers to simulation results of dynamic controllers based on nonsmooth backstepping shows the effectiveness of our approach.
The outflow structure of GW170817 from late-time broad-band observations

We present our broad-band study of GW170817 from radio to hard X-rays, including NuSTAR and Chandra observations up to 165 d after the merger, and a multimessenger analysis including LIGO constraints. The data are compared with predictions from a wide range of models, providing the first detailed comparison between non-trivial cocoon and jet models. Homogeneous and power-law shaped jets, as well as simple cocoon models are ruled out by the data, while both a Gaussian shaped jet and a cocoon with energy injection can describe the current data set for a reasonable range of physical parameters, consistent with the typical values derived from short GRB afterglows. We propose that these models can be unambiguously discriminated by future observations measuring the post-peak behaviour, with F_ν ∝ t^(∼−1.0) for the cocoon and F_ν∝ t^(∼−2.5) for the jet model.
A Study on Energy Optimization of Heat Exchangers in a Gasification System

The objective of this research is the optimization of energy parameters such as the temperature and flow rate of the fluid in heat exchangers in the gasification system in order to increase the recovery rate of energy in the system. A mathematical model of these heat exchangers is developed to predict their operating performance under the specified gasification system. The optimal flow rate and temperature of the fluid in the heat exchanger based on the effectiveness - number of transfer units(NTU) method is investigated. The result of the simulation shows that the optimal mass flow rate and temperature of the high pressure (HP) boiler feed water are determined at 175,907 kg/h and 110°C, respectively, while the optimal mass flow rate and temperature of high pressure saturated steam of boiler are determined at 238,430 kg/h, 290.5°C, respectively. At these values, the total heat amount obtained at these heat exchangers is highest with 169 MW. Besides, the total heat amount obtained at heat exchangers could be increased by 4.61% (7.8 MW) when sixty percent of the heat release amount from air cooler (12.78 MW) is used.
THE EFFECTS OF CLEAT PLACEMENT ON MUSCLE MECHANICS AND METABOLIC EFFICIENCY IN PROLONGED SUB-

The goal of this study was to quantify the changes in pedaling mechanics and energy expenditure accompanying a posterior shift in cleat placement during prolonged sub-maximal cycling. Seven male competitive cyclists from central Indiana were recruited to participate. Each subject was asked to complete two separate hour long rides, once using a traditional cleat placement, once using a novel heel placement. Expired gasses, lower limb kinematics, and EMG from 7 bilateral lower limb muscles (soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior (TA), bicep femoris long head, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and gluteus maximus) were collected at three time intervals during each ride. No significant difference in O2 utilization was seen between conditions (p=0.905). A significant difference was seen in sagittal plane knee angle (p=0.008) and angular velocity (p=0.003) RMS values. Muscle kinematic data analyzed using 95% confidence intervals comparing normalized curves showed no distinct differences. TA integrated EMG (iEMG) was higher in the heel condition, and SOL and TA showed differences in timing between conditions. These results demonstrate potential changes in ankling patterns and knee joint kinematics as adaptations to heel pedaling.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Compact Wideband Antenna with Two Excited Modes

A novel planar compact wideband antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding configuration is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is fed and coupled by the CPW feeding line at the same time. Therefore, two distinct excited modes are realized. Besides, detail investigation is presented as well to demonstrate the properties of the proposed antenna. Eventually, the prototype of the proposed antenna with optimal design is fabricated and tested. The proposed antenna, with a fairly compact size of 24 mm × 18 mm × 1 mm, has a measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth spanning from 3.05 GHz to 6 GHz, about 65.2%. Moreover, stable radiation patterns over the operating band are obtained. Furthermore, time-domain characteristics of the proposed antenna are also investigated.
Virulent Characteristics of Multidrug Resistant E. coli from Zaria, Nigeria

Most multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates (resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics) exhibit co-virulent characteristics that contribute to mortality and morbidity as a result of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics in the clinics. This study evaluated phenotypically some virulent characteristics in E. coli that contribute to the expressed MDR properties of E. coli using standard microbiological methods. Eighty seven E. coli isolates were confirmed as E. coli from urinary tract infection and diarrhoea patients in selected hospitals in Zaria Nigeria using Microgene identification kit, out of which 58.6% (51) were observed to be MDR. Significant number of the MDR isolates (70.6% (36)) were extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers, 45.1% (23) were resistant to cefoxitin and produce ampC. While further analysis on the isolates showed that 23.5% (12) were biofilm producers, 47.1% (24) were heteroresistant to cefoxitin while 5.9% (3) produced carbapenemase. This study showed that most MDR E. coli from UTI and diarrhoea could exhibit more than one virulent characteristics. Hence, isolates with MDR should be subjected to various tests in other to validate the mechanisms of resistance. This will encourage better treatment options and good periodic surveillance in prescription and dispensing of antibiotics in clinical settings.
A measurement model for general negative reaction to noise

In order to compare results of community surveys from different countries noise reac-tion questions have been standardized (Fields et al. 2001). The two selected ques-tions, a 5-point verbal and an 11-point numeric scale, ‘seek to obtain general, persis-tent reactions that allow respondents to integrate their experiences over different times and locations in their home’ (Fields et al. 2001, p. 665). The questions are for-mulated as follows: “Thinking about the last (12 months or so), when you are here at home, how much does noise from (noise source) bother, disturb, or annoy you? ” However, Job & Sakashita (2007) note that negative reactions to noise encompass more aspects than the mere concept of annoyance. In this respect they refer to a study of Hede et al. (1979) which found that respondents use many different words, other than and unrelated with annoyance, to describe their negative reactions in re-sponse to the noise. Hence, the standardized scale captures only a part of subjects’ overall (negative) assessment with respect to the impact of a certain noise source on their living conditions. This argument is also substantiated with reference to the work of Job et al. (2001), in which general measures of reaction (dissatisfaction and per-ceived affectedness) have been shown to have superior psychometric properties in comparison to specific reactions such as annoyance. Job & Sakashita (2007) there-fore claim that the inclusion of these general measures is imperative for the valid measurement of community reaction. With this background the aim of the present study is to assess to which extent noise annoyance captures all negative reactions in response to aircraft noise. For this pur-pose aircraft noise annoyance is hypothesized to be a manifestation of a more gen-eral concept, labeled ‘general negative reaction in response to aircraft noise’. Using the analytical framework of Edwards (2001), this concept is measured indirectly via a measurement model by specifying it as a reflective second-order construct. To em-pirically test the specified structure, data from two available datasets are re-analyzed (Fields' codes NET-371 and GER-531). The use of two datasets provides an effective way to cross-validate the results. Lastly, to assess the validity of the specified model structure, the second-order factor is used to predict two criterion variables, namely residential satisfaction and perceived health. The remaining part of this paper is structured as follows. The method section de-scribes the methodological approach adopted to answer the question whether noise annoyance indeed captures all relevant negative responses to aircraft noise. Next, the results of two measurement models, which can be used to answer this question, are presented. The last section presents the conclusions and ends with several direc-tions for future research.
Economic Value Added (EVA) - Literature Review and Relevant Issues

This paper aims to present a narrative literature review of 112 papers published on the EVA from 1994 to 2008. It provides a classification scheme, identifies the gaps in existing literature and suggests the direction for future research. Studies are classified and presented on the basis of the time period, issues covered, distribution of literature in various sources, methodology used, country-wise publications and contributions made by the researchers on the concept. The studies conducted in the developed countries have largely been found to be supporting EVA though there are certain studies in these countries too that consider conventional measures as better tools of corporate performance reporting. However, in developing economies less numbers of studies are available supporting the empirical validity of the concept as a corporate performance measurement tool. The concept of EVA has gained significant attention in the advanced economies, but implementation issues and its validity is under debate all over the world. The paper presents a comprehensive literature review and a critical analysis to move towards the advances in EVA. It may be a very useful source of information to the researchers and managers who wish to understand and implement EVA and carry out further research on the diverse issues of this interesting and value adding performance metric.
The Synchrotron Emission of Jets with Transverse Velocity Discrepancy

It has been commonly accepted that the bulk velocity of extragalactic jets varies in all directions. We examined the synchrotron radiation of a jet with velocity structure in the direction perpendicular to its axis and found that the spectral energy distribution (SED) is not strongly influenced by this circumstance, that there is only a small increase in the emission intensity and almost no shift in the peak frequency. For objects with smaller inclined angles θ 0 between the jet axis and the line of our sight, such as Blazars, the effect is more important. When θ 0 exceeds a critical value there is no longer any change in the SED. To compare the bulk speed with different velocity structure, an equivalent speed is defined which would reproduce the same spectral profile. There possibly exists a stress f μ (y) between layers of the outflow when the velocity is not the same in the jet.
Women’s fishing activities on Aniwa Island, Tafea Province, South Vanuatu

The Republic of Vanuatu, formerly the AngloFrench condominium of the New Hebrides, consists of 83 main inhabited islands arranged in a ‘Y’ shape. It is situated between 13 and 21°S and 166 and 171°E in the western Pacific Ocean. Aniwa Island is situated in the southern part of the island group known as Tafea Province, (Fig. 1). Aniwa is a raised volcanic island about 42 meters high with a reef about 500 meters wide.