Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Misoprostol and the Sildenafil analog (PHAR-0099048) Modulate Cellular Efflux of cAMP and cGMP Differently

In the present study we have characterized ATP-dependent transport of cAMP and cGMP in physiological, but also supraphysiological concentrations. The uptake into inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes could be dissected into two components with high and low affinity. The respective Km-values were 30.8 ± 5.2 and 352 ± 26 μM for cAMP and 2.6 ± 0.4 and 260 ± 15 μM for cGMP. The two cyclic nucleotides were unable to mutually inhibit cellular efflux for concentrations up to about 100 μM. At higher concentrations the inhibition curve showed a steep fall. The IC50-value for cAMP reduction of high affinity [3H]-cGMP transport was 695 ± 9 μM. The respective value for cGMP inhibition of [3H]-cAMP efflux was 284 ± 20 μM. These observations are compatible with two selective high affinity transport systems. Other endogenous substances such as prostaglandins did not discriminate between cyclic nucleotide transport. The IC50 values for inhibition of [3H]-cAMP and [3H]-cGMP were 4.1 and 4.2 μM for PGE1, 2.7 and 4.4 μM for PGE2, respectively. However, the prostaglandin analog misoprostol discriminated distinctly between cAMP and cGMP transport with respective IC50-values of 4.5 and 24 μM. The assumption that the specific PDE5-inhibitor sildenafil could distinguish between the two cyclic nucleotides was disproved with respective IC50 values of 3.8 and 2.9 μM for inhibition of [3H]-cAMP and [3H]-cGMP, respectively. However, at least one sildenafil analog (PHAR0099048) showed a clear difference with respective IC50 values of 2.0 and 0.52 μM. The other tested sildenafil analogs showed no or minor ability to discriminate with IC50 values of 0.16 and 0.17 μM for IS-39213, and 0.35 and 0.16 μM for IS-60049, respectively. In agreement with previous reports, the present study shows that proteins responsible for cyclic nucleotide transport are multiorganic anion pumps. However, the observation that drug analogs may discriminate between these two efflux systems makes them potential drug targets.
VEasy: a Functional Verification Tool Suite

This paper describes a tool developed specifically for aiding the process of Functional Verification. The tool has three main built-in modules: a Verilog Linter, a Verilog Simulator and a Graphical User Interface for Testbench Automation. On top of these modules there is a methodology for collecting and analyzing functional and structural coverage. Results show that the built-in simulator enables a higher number of cycles per second while the user interface allows the creation of complex test scenarios.
Loss of outer membrane porins in clonally related clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae modifies the bacteria; resulting in altered resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for lobar pneumoniae, liver abscess, and septicemia. Clinical isolates are found to be extended spectrum beta lactamase positive with differential expression of the two classical porins, OmpK35 and OmpK36. Porin loss is associated with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of beta lactam, cephalosporin, and carbapenem antibiotics that target the peptidoglycan. However, little is known about how porin loss affects other aspects of the cell envelope. The focus of this study was to characterize clinical isolates exhibiting differential porin expression and determine if the cumulative changes altered the resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages. The results support the hypothesis that porin loss significantly impacts the overall cell envelope composition, which in turn alters interactions with macrophages.
Measuring Source Credibility with Generation Y: An Application to Messages about Smoking and Alcohol Consumption

In recent years there have been widespread media campaigns directed at communicating to young people the potential risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption and smoking. Increasingly, these messages are being developed by industry organisations as well as government and health agencies, raising questions as to the credibility of these industry sources. In this study, university students were provided with the names of fourteen sources of campaigns directed at encouraging responsible alcohol consumption and smoking cessation. We found that the overall rating was effective in terms of identifying the different levels of perceived credibility in regards to the sources, but examination of those individual dimensions added useful information as to why a source was perceived as being more or less credible. Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Life Sciences | Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details This conference paper was originally published as Smith, K, Jones, SC and Algie, J, Measuring Source Credibility with Generation Y: An Application to Messages about Smoking and Alcohol Consumption, Proceedings of the Social entrepreneurship, social change and sustainability: International Nonprofit and Social Marketing Conference, Brisbane, 27-28 September 2007. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow. edu.au/hbspapers/62
Microscopic fungi isolated from the Domica Cave system (Slovak Karst National Park, Slovakia). A review

INTRODUCTION Microscopic fungi are an important part of cave microflora and occur in various substrates in caves, such as cave sediments, vermiculations, bat droppings and/or guano, decaying organic material, etc. Their widespread distribution contributes to their important role in the feeding strategies of cave fauna. A study of microscopic fungi in the Domica Cave System (Slovak Karst National Park, Slovakia) was started in 2002 within the frame of the project studying cave microflora and fauna and their feeding preferences and it was subsequently carried out each spring and autumn. The first isolation was performed only on the Domica Cave (a show cave). Later, parts not open to the public were sampled as well, i.e. the chasm-like Čertova diera Cave, the Dlhá Chodba Cave and its part in Hungary with the aim to obtain a broad spectrum of microscopic fungi which can represent potential food for cave mycophagous invertebrates. Partial results of these samplings were presented at international conferences and workshops or published in scientific journals (Nováková, 2004a, b, 2005, 2006, 2008, Elhottová et al., 2003, 2004, Nováková et al., 2005, 2008, Lukešová & Nováková, 2008, Šustr et al., 2005). The goal of this paper is to form a view of microscopic fungi isolated from different substrates and parts of the Domica Cave system and a comparison of
Identification of differential duodenal gene expression levels and microbiota abundance correlated with differences in energy utilisation in chickens

Among the terrestrial production animals, chickens are the most efficient users of energy. Apparent metabolisable energy (AME) is a measure of energy utilisation efficiency representing the difference between energy consumed and energy lost via the excreta. There are significant differences in the energy utilisation capability of individual birds that have a similar genetic background and are raised under identical conditions. It would be of benefit to poultry producers if the basis of these differences could be understood and the differences minimised. We analysed duodenal gene expression and microbiota differences in birds with different energy utilisation efficiencies. Using microarray analysis, significant differences were found in duodenal gene expression between high- and low-AME birds, indicating that level of cell turnover may distinguish different groups of birds. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes indicated that duodenal microbiota was dominated by Lactobacillus species and two operational taxonomic units, identified as lactobacilli species, were found to be more abundant (P < 0.05) in low-AME birds. The present study has identified gene expression and microbiota properties that correlate with differences in AME; further studies will be required to investigate the causal relationships.
Valuing R & D Investments With A Jump-Diffusion Process

Traditional tools based on DCF methods fail to capture the value of R&D projects because of their dependence on future events that are uncertain at the time of the initial decision. We consider a continuous-time framework where information arrives both continuously and discontinuously. This is modelled by a jump-diffusion process. This assumption better decribes the evolution of asset value due to the risky nature of many real investments. The main contribution of this paper is to derive a closed-form solution for the multicompound option to value sequential investment opportunities when the underlying asset may reasonably undergo the possibility of jumps in value.
Aluminium electrodes effect the operation of titanium oxide sol-gel memristors

By a comparison between memristors made with aluminium and gold electrodes, this letter demonstrates that aluminium electrodes are an essential component of the TiO$_2$ sol-gel flexible memristor . Both slow varying `analogue' and sudden switching `digital' memristor devices have been observed. Limiting the oxygen exposure of the bottom aluminium electrode favours the creation of digital memristors over analogue ones. A straight-forward fabrication of drop-coated memristors based on sol-gel chemistry is also presented and these show similar behaviour and dependence on electrode material, making them useful as test memristors for experimentation.
Sounds of football: Designing a sound logo for FC Porto

This research study aims to develop a sound logo for Futebol Clube do Porto, which then builds a basis for sound identity. The documentation of this interdisciplinary field of marketing, sound design, music and neuroscience is primarily slim, and to accomplish the goals set in this project, a well-founded leitmotiv is defined, and similar areas of research therefore may assist to achieve not only answers to proof the hypothesis, as well to develop a sound logo for FC Porto. The further objective is to contribute a welldocumented guideline for the implementation and production of the sound logo and its application. Likewise to serve further studies. Argumentation made in this thesis point out detailed literature review and figures. In order to sustain practical proceedings two case study are adopted to rely on their experience upon the development of acoustic communication in sports.
Glacier expansion in southern Patagonia throughout the Antarctic cold reversal

Resolving debated climate changes in the southern middle latitudes and potential teleconnections between southern temperate and polar latitudes during the last glacial-interglacial transition is required to help understand the cause of the termination of ice ages. Outlet glaciers of the Patagonian Ice Fields are primarily sensitive to atmospheric temperature and also precipitation, thus former ice margins record the extent and timing of past climate changes. 38 10 Be exposure ages from moraines show that outlet glaciers in Torres del Paine (51°S, south Patagonia, Chile) advanced during the time of the Antarctic cold reversal (ACR; ca. 14.6– 12.8 ka), reaching a maximum extent by ~14,200 ± 560 yr ago. The evidence here indicates that the South Patagonian Ice Field was responding to late glacial climate change distinctly earlier than the onset of the European Younger Dryas stadial (ca. 12.9 ka). Major glacier recession and deglaciation in the Torres del Paine region occurred by 12.5 ka and thus early in the Younger Dryas. We provide direct evidence for extensive ice in Patagonia at the very start of the ACR that agrees with atmospheric and marine records from the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. Atmospheric conditions responsible for the early late glacial expansion at Torres del Paine resulted from a climate reorganization that prompted a northern migration of the south westerly wind belt to the latitude of Torres del Paine at the onset of the ACR chronozone.
First‐arrival traveltime tomography using second generation wavelets

Wavelet decomposition of the slowness model allows a multiscale description of the seismic first‐arrival time tomography. We propose the introduction of the so‐called second generation wavelets that could be used for any mesh structure and do not require a number of samples, such as the power of two in each direction for fast wavelet transform. A linearized procedure for inverting delayed travel‐times considering either slowness coefficients or wavelet coefficients has been set up with an efficient ray tracing at each iteration of the inversion procedure. Wavelet decomposition over constant patches (Haar wavelet) or over linear patches (Battle‐Lemarie wavelet) of coefficients at different scales are inverted as unknowns of the tomographic linearized system. Reconstruction of these coefficients depends dynamically on the local resolution when considering dense ray coverage. On simple synthetic examples, it has been found necessary to perform a local resolution analysis for specifying wavelet coefficients to be inverted. This resolution analysis could be performed for an initial smooth reconstructed medium and by designing a bit mask operator it allows fine scales to be inverted in specific areas of the model where the resolution is high while not being inverted in other areas where the resolution is poor: the wavelet decomposition will ease the multiscale reconstruction. A few synthetic examples, such as crosshole tomography or surface‐surface tomography illustrate the multiscale feature of wavelet tomography. The second generation wavelet approach seems to be a flexible and rather promising tool for controlling the resolution variation of seismic first‐arrival tomography.
Compassion in Organizational Life

In this article, the authors explore compassion in work organizations. They discuss the prevalence and costs of pain in organizational life, and identify compassion as an important process that can occur in response to suffering. At the individual level, compassion takes place through three subprocesses: noticing another’s pain, experiencing an emotional reaction to the pain, and acting in response to the pain. The authors build on this framework to argue that organizational compassion exists when members of a system collectively notice, feel, and respond to pain experienced by members of that system. These processes become collective as features of an organization’s context legitimate them within the organization, propagate them among organizational members, and coordinate them across individuals.
Dissertation with Hyperlinks 2013.11.25

An alternative approach to the problem recently posed by Hall and Schimek (2012) is proposed: determining at what point the agreement between two rankings of a long list of objects degenerates into noise. To this end the method of estimation in Fligner and Verducci (1988)’s multistage model for rankings is modified from maximum likelihood of conditional agreement over a sample of rankings to a locally smoothed estimator of stage-wise agreement. An extension to the case of overlapping but different sets of objects in the two lists is also provided. Simulations show that this approach performs very well under several conditions. The technique is next applied as a stopping rule to augment the tau-path algorithm, developed by Yu, Verducci and Blower (2011), in an analysis of associations between gene expression and compound potency in cancer data, and the detection of the endpoint of agreement. The methodology is also applied to a database of popular names for newborns in the United States and insights into trends as well as differences in naming conventions between the two sexes are uncovered.
Cool city mornings by urban heat

The urban heat island effect is a phenomenon observed worldwide, i.e. evening and nocturnal temperatures in cities are usually several degrees higher than in the surrounding countryside. In contrast, cities are sometimes found to be cooler than their rural surroundings in the morning and early afternoon. Here, a general physical explanation for this so-called daytime urban cool island (UCI) effect is presented and validated for the cloud-free days in the BUBBLE campaign in Basel, Switzerland. Simulations with a widely evaluated conceptual atmospheric boundary-layer model coupled to a land-surface model, reveal that the UCI can form due to differences between the early morning mixed-layer depth over the city (deeper) and over the countryside (shallower). The magnitude of the UCI is estimated for various types of urban morphology, categorized by their respective local climate zones.
A Multidata Connection Scheme for Big Data High-Dimension Using the Data Connection Coefficient

In the era of big data and cloud computing, sources and types of data vary, and the volume and flow of data are massive and continuous. With the widespread use of mobile devices and the Internet, huge volumes of data distributed over heterogeneous networks move forward and backward across networks. In order to meet the demands of big data service providers and customers, efficient technologies for processing and transferring big data over networks are needed. This paper proposes a multidata connection (MDC) scheme that decreases the amount of power and time necessary for information to be communicated between the content server and the mobile users (i.e., the content consumers who are moving freely across different networks while using their mobile devices). MDC scheme is an approach to data validation that requires the presentation of two or more pieces of data in a heterogeneous environment of big data. The MDC transmits the difference of the consecutive data sequences instead of sending the data itself to the receiver, thus increasing transmission throughput and speed.
ON APPLICATION OF OVERSET/CHIMERA METHOD FOR FLOW APPROXIMATION OVER A VIBRATING BODY USING OPENFOAM

The subject of this contribution is the numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems with aid of overset method. The numerical simulation is based on the finite volume method and the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method is used. Numerical results obtained by the open-source code OpenFOAM for approximation of the flow around both static and oscillating circular cylinder and oscillating NACA 0012 profile are shown.
Digestion and absorption of olive oil

Olive oil is a monounsaturated (oleic acid)-rich fat, mainly constituted by triglycerides (>98 %) and minor compounds. As other macronutrients, dietary triglyceride digestion and absorption are a complex processes involving enzyme activities and physicochemical changes. In humans, hydrolysis of olive oil triglycerides begins in the stomach where it is catalyzed by an acid-stable gastric lipase. Triglyceride hydrolysis continues in the duodenum, by the synergetic actions of gastric and colipase-dependent pancreatic lipases and bile secretion. Gastric lipolysis leads to the hydrolysis of 10-30 % of ingested triglycerides, generating mainly diglycerides (DG) and free fatty acids. This facilitates subsequent triglyceride hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase by allowing fat emulsification. Pancreatic lipase cleaves the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triglycerides and/or DG obtaining sn-2 monoglycerides. Different lipid metabolites are quickly absorbed along the epithelial cells of the small intestine, acting olive oil as a supplier of oleic-acid-rich hydrocarbon skeletons for cellular synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids. Absorption of mostly minor compounds of (extra virgin) olive oil takes place in the small intestine, as native or derivatives. Compared to diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, olive oil suppresses gastric acid secretion and is a potent releasing factor of cholecystokinin peptide, which consistently indicate that the consumption of olive oil might be beneficial in digestive diseases.
Bank branch operating efficiency: evaluation with data envelopment analysis

Article history: Received January 20, 2014 Accepted 30 August 2014 Available online September 9 2014 Measuring the relative efficiency of similar units has been a popular research especially when the units were mostly non-financial. Even, similar financial units may not be necessarily evaluated based on traditional financial figures such as return of equities, return of assets, etc. In this paper, we present an empirical investigation to measure the relative efficiency of 30 branches of an Iranian bank named Bank Mellat. The study considers four inputs including operating expenses, interest paid, capital expenditures and fixed assets. In addition, we use customers’ bank deposit, commissions and loans paid as output parameters. Using three different data envelopment analyses, the study measures the relative efficiencies of all units. The preliminary results indicate that most banks were working under desirable level of efficiency. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. DEA Data envelopment analysis Efficiency Banking industry
TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF A SOLID SUBSTRATE CULTIVATION DEEP-BED REACTOR USING AN INTERNAL HEAT EXCHANGER

The solid substrate cultivation (SSC) process is often limited by rapid increases in temperature as a result of metabolic activity and poor heat transfer properties of the solid substrate. High temperatures can adversely affect microbial growth and product formation. Reduction of substrate temperatures is important for improved productivity, yet effective and efficient control of heat transfer in a deep-bed SSC reactor has proven difficult. An internal cooling water coil was incorporated into a deep-bed reactor system and evaluated for its ability to reduce substrate temperature. Three operating treatments were investigated: cooling water circulation whenever the center bed temperature was above 30°C, timed cooling water operation on 10 min on/off intervals from the start of cultivation, and timed operation on 10 min on/off intervals after the expected start of microbial exponential growth. Enzyme yield, peak temperature, and net rate of metabolic heat accumulation within the substrate bed were measured during the cultivation of Trichoderma longibrachiatum on wheat bran for xylanase production. The cooling water reduced the temperatures observed in the substrate bed by 5°C on average and was effective in decreasing the rate of heat accumulation in the bed. Within a 10 min time interval, the internal heat exchanger demonstrated a net decrease in heat accumulation at an average rate of approximately 0.5°C/min. Despite the decrease in temperatures observed with the control strategies, the xylanase yields were not statistically different from the cultivations with no temperature control.
Detection and identification of Campylobacter spp. from retail raw chicken, turkey, sheep and goat meat in Ahvaz, Iran

Campylobacter species are common bacterial pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans worldwide and the consumption of poultry meats is suspected to be the leading cause of this illness. This study was therefore conducted to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. from retail raw meats in Ahvaz, Iran. From July 2009 to February 2010, a total of 215 raw meat samples from chicken (n = 60), turkey (n = 50), sheep (n = 50) and goat (n = 45) were purchased from randomly selected retail outlets in Ahvaz, Iran and were evaluated for the presence of Campylobacter. Campylobacter spp. isolated from 60 of 215 meat samples (27.9%) examined. The highest prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was found in chicken meat (61.7%), followed by turkey meat (36.0%), sheep meat (6.0%) and goat meat (4.4%). The most prevalence Campylobacter species isolated from meat samples was Campylobacter jejuni (88.3%), the remaining isolates were Campylobacter coli (11.7%). All 60 Campylobacter strains identified as C. jejuni and C. coli were also positive by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Significantly higher prevalence rates of Campylobacter spp. (P < 0.05) were found in the meat samples taken in summer (44.1%). Furthermore, to ensure food safety, poultry meats must be properly cooked before consuming.