Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Current Control Reference Optimization Algorithm of DFIG-Based WT During Asymmetric Grid Faults

The stability issues of weak grid-connected doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines during asymmetric grid faults become very acute. In this article, a small-signal state-space model was established to deal with the stability problems of the DFIG system during asymmetric grid faults. Based on the model, the interaction mechanism between the power grid and the DFIG system during asymmetric faults is described and the modal analysis is performed. The analysis results show that the dominant unstable poles of the system are mainly affected by the phase-locked loop (PLL). Then, according to the vector relationships of voltages and currents, the effect of positive-sequence (PS) and negative-sequence (NS) d-axis currents on the PLL output angle is analyzed. It is pointed out that the system stability can be effectively improved by injecting reasonable d-axis components of PS and NS currents into the power grid during faults. Furthermore, considering the current capacity limitation of DFIG, a novel PS and NS current control reference optimization algorithm is proposed, which can suppress the oscillation of the system. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are validated by the simulation and experiments.
Double Closed Loop Control of DC-DC Boost Converter

In this paper, An average switch model of a boost converter with double closed loop control is presented by using the method of average state space. A detailed design procedure of both voltage and current feedback loops are given in a boost converter. The proposed circuit shows the characteristics of the fast dynamic response. Besides, the output voltage ripple is reduced significantly. Finally, this method is verified practically and superiority by using MATLAB.
Classification of retinal images in stages of diabetic retinopathy using deep learning

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an advanced stage of retinal disease with increasing prevalence and the major cause of blindness. In DR, blood vessels get damaged over time at the back of the retina. Large numbers of retinal images are generated as diabetes patients all over the world and it is increasing every year. This increases the workload of ophthalmologists which may result in delayed diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, automatic classification of normal eye and DR eye using convolutional neural network (CNN) is presented. This computerized system also further classifies DR eye in one of the four stages as Microaneurysms, Hemorrhages, Hard Exudates, and Soft Exudates (Cotton Wool Spots). The framework is trained and validated on 413 images and tested on 187 images of IDRiD database with 98.930% average classification accuracy. The system also achieves average 97.316% of sensitivity and 99.338% of specificity. This system will assist ophthalmologists to screen retinal images for abnormality from a large database within reduced time span which may leads to timely treatment to the patient.
Dynamics of Block Copolymer Micelles in Aqueous Solution

The dynamics of aqueous micelles of triblock EnPmEn copolymers (En = poly(ethylene oxide); Pm = poly(propylene oxide)) is investigated. It is shown on a theoretical basis that the amplitude of the relaxation process associated with the EnPmEn micelle formation−breakup must go from negative to positive upon increasing temperature in relaxation experiments using the temperature-jump (T-jump) method with light scattering detection. New experimental T-jump results for solutions of two different EnPmEn copolymers clearly confirm this prediction. These results do not support the claim made by Kositza et al. [Langmuir 1999, 15, 322; Macromolecules 1999, 32, 5539] that the temperature at which the amplitude of the slow process observed in T-jump experiments goes through zero corresponds to a change in the nature of this process, from micelle formation−breakup below this temperature to micelle clustering above this temperature.
Thermo-responsive albumin hydrogels with LCST near the physiological temperature

This paper deals with the synthesis of thermoresponsive microspheres with proteic structure exhibiting a transition temperature close to the body temperature. The hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization of methacrylate Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA-MA) as crosslinker, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and/or N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), as hydrophilic and thermoresponsive monomers, respectively. The modification of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance in the polymerization feed allows to modulate the volume phase transition temperature of the macromolecular network. The hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analyses, which showed negative thermoresponsive behavior for all compositions and, by increasing the content of the hydrophilic moieties in the network, the transition temperature was ranged from 34.2 to 36.8°C. To test the preformed materials as drug carriers, diclofenac diethyl ammonium salt was chosen and drug entrapment percent was determined. Drug release profiles, in media at different temperature, depend on the crosslinking degree and on the composition of the hydrogels. By using semiempirical equations, the release mechanism was extensively studied and the diffusional contribute evaluated. The physic-chemical characteristics of thermoresponsive materials confirm the applicability of the microspheres as drug delivery device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The national biological impact assessment program

The need to safely field test genetically modified organisms is a critical step in the sequence of research leading to the commercialization of biotechnology in agriculture. To address this need the United States Department of Agriculture has established the National Biological Impact Assessment Program (NBIAP) to facilitate the safe field testing of genetically modified organisms. NBIAP fosters safe field testing of genetically modified organisms through a computerized network for information exchange, facilitation of biological monitoring techniques and by providing support for research in biosafety to develop new field testing methods and better predictive models.
A Low Power Sub-GHz PLL with Optimized LO Distribution Circuit

A wideband fractional-N phase-lock loop (PLL) is designed for sub-GHz wireless communications. The local oscillator (LO) distribution circuit is optimized with a low power consumption and high output amplitude to drive the mixer and power amplifier of the transceiver. Implemented with a commercial 0.13-μm CMOS process, the proposed PLL has a working range of 300MHz~l.26GHz with 3.5mW power consumption, including all the buffers from a 1.2V supply. It occupies a silicon area of 0.33mm2.
A Series Inclined Slot-Fed Circularly Polarized Antenna for 5G 28 GHz Applications

This letter presents the design of a single point-fed, geometrically simple circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 28 GHz Ka-band applications. The proposed antenna is based on a straight microstrip line printed on one side and coupled with the nearly square patches through a 45° inclined V-shaped slot aperture on the other side. In order to generate circular polarization, the fundamental radiating mode is degenerated at a slightly different frequency by aligning the patch edges parallel to each arm of the V-slot with orthogonal arms. This configuration yields a relatively small size (10 mm × 27.7 mm), wideband, and high-gain right-hand CP antenna operating at 28 GHz. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is from 27.2 to 30.35 GHz and the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth from 27.3 to 29.7 GHz with excellent directional characteristics in the broadside direction. The peak gain is approximately 11.65 dBic. The performance characteristics in terms of the impedance matching, AR, gain, and efficiency of the antenna for wearable applications are also investigated both numerically and experimentally. For practical applications, the small size of the structure allows for implementing the systems that consist of more than one antenna to account for user mobility.
A Critical Analysis of Computer Aided Approaches for Skin Cancer Screening

Skin Cancer is life-threatening when diagnosed at a later stage. Early detection of skin cancers such as melanoma indicates a higher survival rate for the patient. Non-computer aided tools were used in the past such as the visual inspection using tools like the dermoscopy. Commercial tools were later introduced that allowed the examiners to examine the images obtained from the dermoscopy using techniques such as the ABCD rule and 7-point checklist. Deep Learning has proven to be the state-of-the-art for computer vision problems such as image classification. A lot of research has been carried out in the application of deep learning for automating skin cancer screening. This paper presents an analysis of the existing work carried out in the area of automatic skin cancer screening and the different steps involved in building a skin cancer classification tool for skin cancer screening. The limitations of the various existing approaches are explored, and the results of the analysis will be used as part of an ongoing research to design and develop a robust system that will address the identified cons.
Design of Physically Connected Wideband SIW Cavity-Backed Patch Antenna for Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Arrays

A novel wideband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed antenna element and its array are proposed in this letter. The proposed linearly polarized array element consists of a SIW cavity, stacked patches, and a coaxial probe. The SIW cavity-backed array element is implemented with physically connected stacked patch. The coaxial pin is directly connected to the two patch radiators. Blind and buried vias were avoided, this work significantly reduces the manufacture cost and complexity. The array features light weight and simple feed structure. The proposed element exhibits an impedance-matching bandwidth of 18.2% (14.5–17.4 GHz) for |S11|<−10 dB. Simulation results illustrate that the infinite array can scan up to ±80° in the H-plane with 8% bandwidth (14.4–15.6 GHz), under the criterion of active voltage standing- wave ratio (VSWR) ≤ 3. For verification purposes, a 4 × 16 active phased array antenna prototype is fabricated using the conventional microwave multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) process. The measured results agree very well with simulations.
Analyzing Customer Sentiments Using Machine Learning Techniques to Improve Business Performance

In today’s digital world, advancement in machine learning has changed the traditional perspective towards business analysis. Orthodox business analysts did not consider customer reviews as cost-effective input for analysis because earlier fetching customer reviews was costly. The emergence of the internet turned the whole world upside down. Now, the customer’s sentiment analysis is the new friend of all business analysts. In this paper, we will be doing a comparative study between the two methods. One in which we use usual parameters like average rating, average review counts. In second, we use a text review as a parameter for sentiment classification. The effectiveness of these methods is evaluated, and the optimal model is selected.
Reactive Power Planning using Swarm Evolutionary Techniques

Reactive power planning is known to be challenging issues for optimization. It refers to the adequate size and position of reactive power resources for regular working conditions as well as in the anticipation of a power system vulnerability or interruption. The problem of imaginary power drafting aims to streamline the active power losses subject to different system constraints. In the deregulated electricity sector, ancillary resources such as frequency control, network control and system restart are necessary to monitor the system’s frequency, stability, security, voltage profile, and to ensure generation and transmission. One of the auxiliary services used to sustain the voltage profile by delivering or absorbing reactive power is voltage control and imaginary power control. This paper compares four different swarm evolutionary algorithms to streamline imaginary power in the power system network. Different algorithms used in this paper are Particle swarm optimization, Butterworth particle swarm optimization, Random drift particle swarm optimization, and Eagleset Strategic particle swarm optimization. In the study it was found that RDPSO gave the best result in reference to reduction in losses followed by ESPSO, BPSO and PSO respectively.
Estimation of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Extraction Efficiency from Forensic Samples Using the Seratec[R] PSA Semiquant Semiquantitative Membrane Test

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA, also known as p30) is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate gland that has been well characterized and validated in the forensic science community as a marker for the presence of seminal fluid (Hochmeister et al. 1999; Johnson and Kotowski 1993; Poyntz and Martin 1984; Sensabaugh 1978). The Seratec® PSA Semiquant (Seratec® Diagnostica, Gottingen, Germany) membrane, and the OneStep ABA card® p30 (Abacus Diagnostics, West Hills, California) are immunochromatographic membrane tests that allow for rapid, convenient, and highly sensitive analysis for the presence of seminal fluid (Hochmeister et al. 1999). The Seratec® PSA Semiquant test membrane also offers a semiquantitative test for prostate-specific antigen by the use of an internal standard. A visible line, roughly equivalent in intensity to a concentration of 4ng PSA/ml is available on the test strip allowing a visual comparison with the test line concentration (Seratec® Diagnostica 2000).
35.3 Thread-Level Power Management for a Current- and Temperature-Limiting System in a 7nm Hexagon™ Processor

The Hexagon™ compute DSP (CDSP) integrates a master VLIW scalar processor and a slave vector coprocessor to enable high-performance and energy-efficient computing for multimedia, voice, audio, vision, imaging, and machine-learning (ML) applications [1]. The master processor executes scalar instruction packets and issues vector instruction packets to the slave coprocessor. The vector coprocessor executes wide-data arithmetic and memory operations for significant processing at the cost of high power. The power delivery for a mobile system-on-chip (SoC) processor consists of a battery that drives a PMIC to generate the SoC supply voltage $\left(\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{pD}}\right)$ rails. The PMIC voltage regulator (VR) supplies Vop while operating below a peak-current specification (spec). If the CDSP exceeds the peak-current spec for a sustained duration, then the battery and/or PMIC VR may incur a brownout condition where VDD degrades, resulting in circuit failures. Thus, the CDSP requires a current-limiting system to prevent brownout. The latency requirement to detect the current exceeding the peak-current spec and then to respond by operating at a lower current is $\sim 1 \mu \mathrm{s}$. Also, the SoC must operate within a target thermal design power and temperature with detection and response latencies in 100’s of $\mu \mathrm{s}$ and 10’s of ms, respectively. Prior current- and temperature-limiting systems lower the phase-locked loop (PLL) clock frequency (F CLK) or reduce VDD and $F_{CLK}$, [2] [3] in response to exceeding current or temperature specs. Although these techniques are effective for response latencies above $\sim 10 \mu \mathrm{s}$, the time to reduce the PLL FcLk or VDD and FCLK far exceeds the $1 \mu$ s latency spec. Alternative approaches for satisfying the $1 \mu$ s latency target include integrating an adaptive clocking circuit after the PLL [4] or throttling the instruction-issue rate [5] to quickly change performance. These designs satisfy the latency spec by globally reducing performance without considering individual thread power or priority. This paper describes a thread-level power management (TPM) design to adapt the instruction-issue rate based on individual thread power and priority for a current- and temperature-limiting system in a 7nm [6] Hexagon CDSP. The TPM exploits low-power phases during thread execution to adjust the thread instruction-issue rate to achieve a higher performance at a target power as compared to global throttling.
Effective Capacity Analysis over α-κ-μ/Gamma Composite Fading Channel

The novel advancement in the wireless communication system demands Quality-of-service (QoS) awareness to support low latency applications, such as the internet of things, multimedia communication, and autonomous vehicles under delay constraints. To explore the performance of wireless networks supporting such applications, effective capacity (EC) is introduced as a significant performance parameter. This paper proposes a closed-form expression of the EC over gamma shadowed α-κ-μ composite fading channel, and using this expression performance analysis of the EC over the presented channel is conducted. Furthermore, asymptotic analysis under low and high SNR regimes is performed to get more insight into the system.
Stepper Motor Wire Breaks Diagnose and Redundant Control System for Factory Automation

This study introduces a reliable factory automation system to reduce the downtime of factories. This system is based on the feedback voltage monitoring method to identify the fail wires of a stepper motor. This proposed system diagnoses the loose wires and malfunctioning devices in the factory automation system and continues the process with secondary networks and devices. As soon as fail devices or fail wires were recovered, this system automatically continue with the primary device. Then the secondary devices set to sleep mode. This process takes less than one second and the system helps to avoid unplanned production stoppages and breakdowns. Therefore the system reduces factory downtime. Even though there are many breakdown diagnose systems available in the market, novelty of our research is, proposing a loop feedback voltage monitoring system for the industry. Available systems use current flow sensing systems to identify breakdowns. Our proposed system is comparatively faster and lower cost than the available systems. Also, our proposed system can be inbuilt in the stepper motor driver itself.
Articulatory and Acoustic Features of Mandarin /ɹ/: A Preliminary Study

Rhotic sounds in the world’s languages have a wide range of variants, and are famous for their complexity in production. The current study examined the articulatory and acoustic features of Mandarin /ɹ/ using ultrasound imaging. The results showed that similar to English rhotics, Mandarin /ɹ/ could be articulated with various tongue shapes that were usually categorized as the bunched gesture (tongue tip pointing down) or retroflex gesture (tongue tip curling up). The variation between bunched and retroflex /ɹ/, however, was only found in the postvocalic and syllabic /ɹ/. Mandarin prevocalic /ɹ/ was produced with the tongue tip pointing down (bunched gesture). Acoustically, Mandarin /ɹ/ had a higher F3 than English /ɹ/ in the prevocalic and syllabic positions, and a higher F2 in the prevocalic position, indicating less rhoticity in Mandarin /ɹ/ than in English /ɹ/. Moreover, frication noise was often observed in the prevocalic /ɹ/, but not in all prevocalic tokens. Large interspeaker variation was found in using frication noise in the production of prevocalic /ɹ/.
IoT and Genetic Algorithm based Automated Central Controller for Effective Congestion Management in Power System

Power system congestion management plays a major role in managing the system in a secured state. Congestion management involves the rerouting of power through different transmission lines in an effective manner simultaneously. In this paper, congestion is relieved in the transmission line by varying the loads at different buses of the power system simultaneously using IoT (Internet of Things) based control strategy. This strategy involves applying a Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. The loads are controlled remotely using relays. The relays receive the control signal for switching the load depending on the solution given by the proposed central controller which performs computation related to change in bus power injection based on the GA based optimization method. Power system requires simultaneous control of different loads to manage the congestion which is made possible by this automated technique. This automated central controller strategy is tested in laboratory scale IEEE 5 bus hardware model and the results are presented in this paper.
Facial Muscle Activity: High-Sensitivity Noncontact Measurement Using Laser Doppler Vibrometry

Facial expression is regulated by facial muscles and it is an important communication modality, generally held to convey signs of emotion, stress, pain, and social engagement. The assessment of facial expression has a role in a variety of scientific areas, as well as applied situations, including affective computing, marketing, and clinical evaluation, and is now an area of intensive development using computerized image processing approaches. Assessment has conventionally involved the analysis of facial images by trained coders, relying on the parsing of facial movements into standardized elemental actions. Direct measurement of the electromyographic (EMG) activity from the engaged muscles offers theoretical advantages, especially in terms of sensitivity, but involves burdensome procedures, including application of electrodes. In this article, we describe an alternative measurement method for the direct assessment from facial muscles using the noncontact technique of laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). The application of LDV to measuring muscle activity relies on the detection of the small lateral muscle vibration signals that accompany contraction along the longitudinal axis. The sensitivity of the LDV method was demonstrated in a study involving a posed facial expression that is generally associated with the emotion of disgust. Ascending sequences of expression strength were anchored by a condition entailing imagery of a disgusting odor while avoiding visible facial expression. LDV signals were shown to compare favorably with the simultaneous EMG, in disclosing signs of activation even at levels that were not sufficient to produce visible facial actions.
Effect of cooking on metal content of freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii

Zinc, copper, lead, chromium, and cadmium levels were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer in abdominal muscle of freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The metal concentrations could be arranged in descending order according to their concentrations in raw muscles: zinc, copper, lead, chromium, and cadmium. After cooking, metals were found in the same order as in raw tissues, except that chromium preceded lead. Zinc concentration was significantly higher than copper, lead, chromium, and cadmium in both raw and cooked muscles. On the other hand, copper concentration was significantly higher than lead, chromium, and cadmium. A significant positive correlation was found between raw and cooked muscle elements. Generally, zinc, chromium concentrations were within the allowable limits in both cooked and raw muscles, but cadmium and lead levels exceeded the maximum permissible limits for human consumption in both cooked and raw muscles. Copper concentrations of cooked muscles exceeded the maximum permissible limits for human.
Numerical model of spontaneous mode locking and frequency comb generation in a Fabry-Perot laser based on split-step time domain

We propose an algorithm based on split-step time domain dynamic modeling (SS- TDDM) to solve the time-dependent coupled wave equations of the traveling domain wave model (TDWM). Using this effective and high-speed model, we analyze the spontaneous mode locking and frequency comb generation in a Fabry-Perot laser. © 2020 The Author(s)