Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of tumor localization on prognosis of the patients following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma usually occurs in the setting of liver cirrhosis and therefore, resection is not possible in majority of the cases. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLS) is a gold standard treatment option in hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma localized in left or right side of the liver in patients who underwent OLS. Materials and Methods: 120 patients received OLS for hepatocellular carcinoma between 2007 and 2018 in the institute of liver transplantation. Tumors that were centrally located were excluded from the analysis. The remaining 104 patients were divided into two groups; Group 1 (right lobe, n=85 [81.7%]), Group 2 (left lobe, n=19 [18.3%]). The clinical and demographic data of the patients along with preoperative laboratory values such as alpha fetoprotein (AFP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and thrombocyte count were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The Median age in Group 1 and 2 were 54 (4-72) and 50.5 (37-68) years, respectively. Preoperative AFP levels in Group 1 and 2 were 9.25 (1-10800) ng/ml and 13 (1.5-317) ng/ml, respectively. The Model for end stage liver disease (MELD) scores in Group 1 and 2 were 12 (6-52) and 9 (6-21), respectively. None of the clinical, demographic and laboratory values along with disease-free survival, early mortality and recurrence were significantly different among the study groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Although there is a big discrepancy in terms of patient’s numbers in right and left-sided tumors, our data failed to show any survival difference among the groups. Further studies, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria, are needed to validate our results.
Herbal Excipients- Significance of Substances of Natural
Origin as Excipients

As in every field there is a transformation to improve the performance and satisfy the demand of consumer, in pharmaceutical word, need of “Excipient” have been changed from inert and cheap substance which forms bulk of formulation to a material which has potential to be placed in formulation as it accomplished the desirable objective of treatment. The Herbal or natural excipients have a great advantage over their synthetic analogues as these are non-toxic, less expensive and freely available. Due to advances in drug delivery technology, currently, excipients are included in novel dosage forms to fulfill specific functions and in some cases, they directly or indirectly influence the extent and/or rate of drug release and drug absorption. Recent trends towards use of plant based and natural products demand the replacement of synthetic additives with natural ones. Today, the whole world is increasingly interested in natural drugs and excipients, hence natural materials have many advantages over synthetic ones as they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive , biodegradable, improve the shelf life of the product and widely available. This article gives an overview of natural excipients which are used in conventional dosage forms as well as novel drug delivery systems.
A multisolution method of phase determination by combined maximization of entropy and likelihood. III. Extension to powder diffraction data

The mathematical techniques used in the derivation of intensity statistics and of probabilistic relations between structure factors for single-crystal data are here extended so as to encompass the phenomenon of intensity overlap, which is encountered with diffraction data collected from microcrystalline powders or from other disordered specimens. It is shown that the loss of information caused by intensity overlap in powder diagrams may be put on the same footing as the usual loss of phase for single-crystal data by a judicious use of a multiplicity-weighted metric and of the n-dimensional spherical geometry associated with that metric. Structure determination from powder diffraction data is thus cast in the form of a `hyperphase problem' in which the dimensionality varies from one data item to another. This geometric picture enables probability distributions for overlapped intensities to be derived not only under the standard assumption of a uniform distribution of random atoms – thus extending Wilson's statistics to powder data – but also for non-uniform distributions such as those occurring in maximum-entropy phase determination [Bricogne (1984). Acta Cryst. A40, 410–445]. The corresponding conditional probability distributions and likelihood functions are then derived. The possible presence of known fragments is also considered. These new distributions and likelihood functions lead to new methods of data normalization, to new statistical tests for space-group assignment, to a generalization of the `heavy-atom' method, to the extension to powders of a new multisolution method of structure determination [Bricogne & Gilmore (1990). Acta Cryst. A46, 284–297] recently applied to single crystals [Gilmore, Bricogne & Bannister (1990). Acta Cryst. A46, 297–308] and to a new criterion for conducting crystal structure refinement against powder data. It is shown that these results are also applicable to other types of diffraction data corrupted by overlap, in particular to single-crystal data recorded by the Laue technique or on twinned crystals and to diffraction patterns from fibres with helical symmetry. An extensive mathematical Appendix collects the derivations and general results used in the paper, together with related material which will be used in subsequent developments. A companion paper [Gilmore, Henderson & Bricogne (1991). Acta Cryst. A47, 830–841] describes a first implementation of these results and their successful application to the ab initio determination of two medium-size structures from powder data.
Joint Classification of Hyperspectral and Multispectral Images for Mapping Coastal Wetlands

It is significant for restoration and protection of natural resources and ecological services in coastal wetlands to map different land cover types with satellite remote sensing data. Considering difficulties of wetland species classification, hyperspectral images (HSIs) with high spectral resolution and multispectral images (MSI) with high spatial resolution are considered to achieve complementary advantages of multisource data. An effective approach, named as multistream convolutional neural network, is proposed to achieve fine classification of coastal wetlands. First, regression processing is adopted to make chaotically scattered coastal wetland data more compact and different. Second, through appropriate feature extraction and feature fusion strategies, high-level information of multisource data in regression domain is fused to distinguish different land cover. Experiments on GF-5 HSIs and Sentinel-2 MSIs are carried out in order to validate the classification performance of the proposed approach in two coastal wetlands of research value in China, i.e., Yellow River Estuary and Yancheng coastal wetland. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared with the state-of-the-art methods in the field, especially when the number of sample size is extremely small.
Impact of Autoimmune Demyelinating Brain Disease Sera on Pericyte Survival.

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination and brain pericyte dysfunction might be involved in MS pathogenesis Our aim was to evaluate whether the factors in serum affect pericyte survival. Method C57BL/6 female mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To confirm the animal model, the sera level of anti-MOG antibody in mice and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in patients was measured by ELISA. Human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP) cell lines were incubated with sera of EAE mice and primer progressive MS (PPMS), seconder progressive MS (SPMS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. The viability of HBVP is measured with Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining with flow cytometry. Results Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining with flow cytometry showed increased ratios of early apoptosis and decreased survival following incubation with sera of EAE and progressive MS. Levels of platelet-derived growth factor-BB were identical in serum and cerebrospinal fluids of patients with different forms of MS. Conclusion Our results suggest that serum factors might contribute to progressive MS pathogenesis via pericyte dysfunction.
Concurrent Potentiometric and Amperometric Sensing With Shared Reference Electrodes

Potentiometry and amperometry are the two most common electrochemical sensing methods. They are conventionally performed at different times, although new applications are emerging that require their simultaneous usage in a single electrochemical cell. This paper investigates the feasibility and potential drawbacks of such a setup. We use a potentiometric and an amperometric sensor to compare their output signals when they are used individually, as well as when they are combined together with a shared reference electrode. Our results in particular show that potentiometric readings with a shared reference electrode show a high correlation of 0.9981 with conventional potentiometry. In the case of amperometric sensing, the cross correlation of the simultaneous versus individual measurement is 0.9959. Furthermore, we also demonstrate concurrent measurement for potentiometry in the presence of cell current through the design of innovative test systems. This is done through measuring both varying pH values and varying concentrations of H2O2 to showcase the operation of the circuit.
Territorial Instability and the Right to a Livable Locality

Territory loss and uninhabitability characterize the current environmental background conditions of the international state system. Such conditions present pressing moral questions about our obligations to protect those who are displaced by anthropogenic climate change. By virtue of our participation in the territorial state system, understood as a social practice, we have principled grounds to address some of the consequences of the uninhabitability conditions brought on by climate change. By assuming territorial instability and employing a practice-based method of justification we can identify a fundamental, basic right protected under the state system—the right to a livable locality—which grounds a moral obligation to protect against climate change-induced displacement. Assuming territorial instability and uninhabitability compels us to recognize that the causes generating climate-displacement are not merely natural but rather deeply political and that displacement is a foreseeable failure that results because of the state system’s organizational structure.
The Role of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding on Thermal Properties of Maleimide–Isobutene Alternating Copolymers with Polar Groups

Thermally stable copolymers with an alternating repeating structure, poly(RMI-alt-IB)s, were synthesized by radical copolymerization of N-substituted maleimides containing a polar group with isobutene. The onset temperature of decomposition was higher than 300 °C and the glass-transition temperature increased by the introduction of hydroxy and carboxy groups. IR spectroscopic analysis revealed the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the thermal stability of the copolymers. It was also revealed that the amount of water absorbed into poly(RMI-alt-IB)s with a hydroxymethyl substituent was as high as 270% of the weight of the used polymer, while the introduction of a carboxy group resulted in lower water absorption properties.
Fear Emotion Arousal for Promoting Early Evacuations

734-8558, Japan Abstract : Though promoting early evacuation has been discussed in many disaster mitigation studies in the literature, late evacuation is still a main issue that we have to overcome. To solve these issues, we discuss about the necessity of a more sophisticated segmentation and effective communication. In this study, we aim to apply methodologies of marketing and consumer behavior to solve the evacuation issues. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), a representative consumer information processing model, was used for our conceptual framework. In our framework, Motives, Ability and fear emotion arousals were used as variables for segmentation. We found that there is different response tendency in each segment, which lead us to a confirmation that our fear emotion arousal framework using the ELM could explain the overall evacuation behavior. As a result, this study implicates that the theorical studies in marketing and consumer behavior could be applied in the
Reservation Enhanced Autonomous Valet Parking Concerning Practicality Issues

Advances in automotive industry as well as computing technology are making autonomous vehicle (AV) an appealing means of transportation. Vehicles are beyond the traditional source of commute, and leveled up to smart devices with computing capability. As one of the compelling features of AVs, the autonomous valet parking (AVP) allows for navigating and parking the car automatically without human interventions. Within this realm, long-range AVP (LAVP) extends auto-parking to a much larger scale compared to its short-range counterparts. It is worth noting that AV mobility is a pivotal concern with LAVP, involving dynamic patterns related to spatial-temporal features, such as varied parking and drop-off (or pick-up) demands with diverse customer journey planning. We herein target such critical decision-making on where to park and where to drop/pick-up upon customer requirements during their journeys. Concerning in practice that car parks are equipped with limited parking space, we thus introduce parking reservations and enable accurate estimations on future parking states. An efficient LAVP service framework enhanced with parking reservations is then proposed. Benefited from the intelligent predictions, parking load can be accurately predicted and greatly alleviated at individual car parks, thereby avoiding overcrowding effectively. Results show that significant performance gains can be achieved under the proposed scheme by comparing to other benchmarks, with respect to greatly reduced waiting duration for available parking space, as well as enhanced customer experiences in terms of reduced traveling period, etc. In particular, the number of parked vehicles across the network can be effectively balanced.
Medication Errors Made by Nursing Students inTurkey

Background: Medication errors are a serious problem in the worl d and one of the most common medical errors that threaten patient safety. Current studies on me dication errors focuses on nurses, there is insuffi cient data available concerning the type of medication errors committed by nursing students. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the types of medication errors made by the nursing students through a web-based medication error repor ting system, and to explore the causes of these err ors, their frequencies, categories and the factors that contri bute to their occurrence. Design: A descriptive study. Setting: A faculty of nursing in Turkey Participants: All 2, 3 and 4 year nursing students (1156 students) in the facul ty of nursing Methodology: The study was conducted in a faculty of nursing bet we n the years of 2016 2017. We developed a web-based medication error reporting sy stem for nursing students to use during their clini al practices. All students (1156 students) who were in cli ical practice were invited to participate. The students used the "Medication Error Reporting System" to sub mit their medication errors. Results: A total of 1156 students reported 72 medication err ors over the course of 28 weeks. The most common type of medication error to be reported was “treatm ent delay” at a rate of 76.4% and the most common c ause of medication errors was “poor communication” at a rat e of 38.7%. Conclusions: Although the reporting rate is quite low, we have s uspected that the number of medication errors involved nursing students may be probably more than t e reported. The medication errors made by nursin g students are generally due to a lack of knowledge a nd experience, poor communication and carelessness. Therefore, patient safety issues should be integrat d throughout the courses offered in the nursing pr ogram in order to develop the culture of safety.
Pyramid Global Context Network for Image Dehazing

Haze caused by atmospheric scattering and absorption would severely affect scene visibility of an image. Thus, image dehazing for haze removal has been widely studied in the literature. Within a hazy image, haze is not confined in a small local patch/position, while widely diffusing in a whole image. Under this circumstance, global context is a crucial factor in the success of dehazing, which was seldom investigated in existing dehazing algorithms. In the literature, the global context (GC) block has been designed to learn point-wise long-range dependencies of an image for global context modeling; however, patch-wise long-range dependencies were ignored. To image dehazing, patch-wise long-range dependencies should be highlighted to cooperate with patch-wise operations of image dehazing. In this paper, we first extend the point-wise GC into a Pyramid Global Context (PGC), which is a multi-scale GC, after undergoing the pyramid pooling. Thus, patch-wise long-range dependencies can be explored by the PGC. Then, the proposed PGC is plugged into a U-Net, getting an attentive U-Net. Further, the attentive U-Net is optimized by importing ResNet’s shortcut connection and dilated convolution. Thus, the finalized dehazing model can explore both long-range and patch-wise context dependencies for global context modeling, which is crucial for image dehazing. The extensive experiments on synthetic databases and real-world hazy images demonstrate the superiority of our model over other representative state-of-the-art models from both quantitative and qualitative comparisons.
Uplink Channel Estimation With Hardware Imperfections, Antenna Position Error and Channel Correlation for Nested and Linear Array Antennas

In this treatise, we have proposed an uplink channel estimation algorithm for nested and linear array antennas with hardware imperfections, antenna position error, and channel correlation in a multi-cell, multi-user wireless system with a one-ring scattering channel model. Hardware impairments and antenna position errors assume special importance in modern wireless system due to their severe impacts on system performance. With the increase of radio frequency (RF) in the modern wireless system and the subsequent usage of a large number of antennas for beamforming and meeting ever-increasing data rates, those errors are much relevant today. We have considered a sparse nested array (NA) and uniform linear array (ULA) for array geometry at the base station (BS). In this work, closed-form expression and bounds on the mean square error (MSE) of the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimate are derived. We have also analyzed the spectral efficiency (SE) of a simplified system with ULA and NA at the BS, given the model with hardware distortion and antenna position error. Two cases for (a) perfect channel side information (CSI) and (b) estimated channel are evaluated and compared in terms of their SEs, while the closed-form expression for SE with ULA at the BS considering perfect CSI is derived and verified. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the accuracies of our derived results.
Lending Triarylphosphine Oxide to Phenanthroline: a Facile Approach to High‐Performance Organic Small‐Molecule Cathode Interfacial Material for Organic Photovoltaics utilizing Air‐Stable Cathodes

Cathode interfacial material (CIM) is critical to improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability of an organic photovoltaic cell that utilizes a high work function cathode. In this contribution, a novel CIM is reported through an effective and yet simple combination of triarylphosphine oxide with a 1,10‐phenanthrolinyl unit. The resulting CIM possesses easy synthesis and purification, a high T g of 116 °C and attractive electron‐transport properties. The characterization of photovoltaic devices involving Ag or Al cathodes shows that this thermally deposited interlayer can considerably improve the PCE, due largely to a simultaneous increase in V oc and FF relative to the reference devices without a CIM. Notably, a PCE of 7.51% is obtained for the CIM/Ag device utilizing the active layer PTB7:PC71BM, which far exceeds that of the reference Ag device and compares well to that of the Ca/Al device. The PCE is further increased to 8.56% for the CIM/Al device (with J sc = 16.81 mA cm−2, V oc = 0.75 V, FF = 0.68). Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy studies reveal that this promising CIM can significantly lower the work function of the Ag metal as well as ITO and HOPG, and facilitate electron extraction in OPV devices.
The Impact of Efficiency, Profitability, Competition, Regulation, and Crisis Affect to Distribution of Msme Loans in Indonesia

Using 60 banks data in Indonesia from 2007-2018, this study aims to analyse the impact of efficiency, profitability, competition, government regulations, and crisis affect to MSME loan distribution in Indonesia. This study using STATA 15 version with time series panel data regression. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach use for calculating average bank efficiency, found that bank efficiency doesn’t influence MSME credit growth, because bank with higher efficiency will be more careful in channelling credit, especially in MSME loans, as well as profitability that has no influence on the growth of MSME loans. Unlike the case with bank competition which has a positive and significant influence on MSME credit growth, this shows that banks in Indonesia are competing each other in distributing MSME loans, in line with regulations imposed by Bank Indonesia on MSMEs in PBI No. 17/12 / PBI / 2015. This study proves that the distribution of MSME loans remain stable even though the economy is experiencing a crisis or recession, the regulation also does not have a significant effect on MSME loans, due to the minimum loan portion in PBI regulation No. 17/12 / PBI / 2015 of 20% which must be distributed by banks has not been fully fulfilled. Macroeconomic control variable GDP also found to have an influence on MSME credit growth.