Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter felis Infection Is Associated with Lymphoid Follicular Hyperplasia and Mild Gastritis but Normal Gastric Secretory Function in Cats

ABSTRACT The relationship of Helicobacter felis, a bacterium observed in the stomachs of cats, to gastric disease is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if H. felisinfection alters gastric histopathology, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and secretory function and evokes a humoral immune response in cats. Five specific-pathogen-free (SPF)Helicobacter-free cats were studied before and for 1 year after oral inoculation with H. felis (ATCC 49179). Four SPFH. felis-uninfected cats served as controls. The stomachs of all five H. felis-inoculated cats became colonized, as determined by urease activity, histopathology, PCR, culture, and transmission electron microscopy of serial gastric biopsies at 0, 3, 5, 8, and 12 months. Uninoculated cats remained Helicobacterfree. Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, atrophy, and fibrosis were observed primarily in the pylorus of infected cats. Mild mononuclear inflammation was detected in both infected and uninfected cats, but was more extensive in infected cats, with pangastric inflammation, eosinophilic infiltrates, and cardia gastritis observed only in infected cats. No upregulation of antral mucosal interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, or tumor necrosis factor alpha was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in any cat. The gastric secretory axes, assessed by fasting plasma gastrin, antral mucosal gastrin and somatostatin immunoreactivity, and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, were similar in both infected and uninfected cats. Gradual seroconversion (immunoglobulin G) was observed in four of five infected cats, with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay values reaching 4× to 12× baseline 12 months postinfection. These findings indicate thatH. felis infection in cats induces lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, mild gastritis, and seroconversion, but is associated with normal gastric secretory function.
Pulmonary hypertension and vascular oxidative damage in cigarette smoke exposed eNOS−/− mice and human smokers

Context: Cigarette smoke is known to be associated with pulmonary hypertension in humans and in animal models. Although the etiology of pulmonary hypertension in smokers is not understood, recent work has suggested a role for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in inducing oxidative stress. Objective and Methods: To further evaluate this question, we assessed eNOS-/- mice exposed to air or cigarette smoke for the presence of pulmonary hypertension and examined vascular remodeling and expression of nitrotyrosine, a marker of reactive nitrogen species-induced oxidative damage, using immunohistochemistry. To ascertain whether oxidants may play a role in humans, we also examined lung tissue from nonsmokers, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with and without pulmonary hypertension. Results: We found that eNOS−/− mice developed increased pulmonary arterial pressure after six months cigarette smoke exposure, and this was associated with vascular remodeling and increased vascular nitrotyrosine staining. iNOS gene expression was decreased in the pulmonary arteries of the smoke exposed animals, and no protein was detectable by immunohistochemistry. In humans, vascular nitrotyrosine staining intensity was increased in smokers with COPD compared to nonsmokers, and further increased in smokers with combined COPD and pulmonary hypertension. Conclusions: We conclude that cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension is associated with evidence of oxidative vascular damage by reactive nitrogen species, but that iNOS does not appear to be the major contributor to such damage. Most likely the source of reactive nitrogen species is the cigarette smoke itself.
Medicina regenerativa II: Aplicaciones, realidad y perspectivas de la terapia celular

La medicina regenerativa ha surgido como una nueva disciplina medica impulsada fundamentalmente por los nuevos conocimientos sobre las celulas madre y en su capacidad de convertirse en celulas de diferentes tejidos. Un aspecto que se debe destacar y que conforma el elemento basico de este tipo de medicina, es que se apoya en los mismos factores intra e intercelulares que el organismo emplea para su autorreparacion. Esta se sustenta en la terapia celular, en la administracion de elementos subcelulares y en la ingenieria de tejidos, conductas usadas para remplazar por celulas sanas a las celulas danadas por diversos procesos en determinados tejidos. En resumen, ella integra todos los procederes destinados a la promocion de la regeneracion celular. En la actualidad, la terapeutica celular es uno de lo temas mas excitantes de la medicina contemporanea. En los ultimos tiempos, las investigaciones y aplicaciones preclinicas y clinicas de las celulas madre adultas, en particular las hematopoyeticas, han avanzado rapidamente, fundamentalmente teniendo en cuenta las dificultades surgidas con la obtencion y empleo de las celulas madre embrionarias. Entre las enfermedades en las que se plantean posibles beneficios se encuentran las cardiovasculares, las arteriopatias perifericas, enfermedades neurologicas degenerativas, diabetes mellitus, enfermedades y lesiones oseas, y lesiones de la cornea, entre otras. El objetivo de este articulo es la actualizacion de los trabajos desarrollados con la aplicacion de las celulas madre adultas en diferentes enfermedades
Family planning as a cost-saving preventive health service.

Nearly half the pregnancies that occur each year in the United States are unintended, according to the Guttmacher Institute. In 2001, an estimated 3.1 million pregnancies were reportedly unwanted or mistimed, and by 45 years of age, nearly half of U.S. women will have had an unintended pregnancy. Such pregnancies have far-reaching consequences for women, children, and families — ramifications that Brown and Eisenberg have enumerated: “With an unwanted pregnancy especially, the mother is more likely to seek prenatal care after the first trimester or not to obtain care. She is more likely to expose the fetus to harmful substances .
Study of Temperature Difference and Current Distribution in Parallel-Connected Cells at Low Temperature

Two types of commercial cylindrical lithium ion batteries (Panasonic 3.4 Ah NCR-18650B and Samsung 2.9 Ah INR-18650), were investigated experimentally. The capacities of these samples were individually measured using constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) method at different ambient temperatures (-10°C, 0°C, 25°C). Their internal resistance was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and pulse discharge methods. The cells with different configurations of parallel connection NCR-NCR, INR-INR and NCR-INR were charged/discharged at the aforementioned ambient temperatures. The results showed that the difference of internal resistance between cells much more evident at low temperatures. Furthermore, the parallel connection of NCR-NCR exhibits the most uniform temperature distribution in cells at -10°C, this feature is quite favorable for the safety of the battery pack. Keywords—Batteries in parallel connection, internal resistance, low temperature, temperature difference, current distribution.
Perceived Exertion Is Lower When Using a Functional Electrical Stimulation Neuroprosthesis Compared With an Ankle-Foot Orthosis in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Preliminary Study

Objective This study investigates the direct comparison of energy cost, efficiency, and effort between an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) and a functional electrical stimulation (FES) device for foot drop in ambulatory patients with multiple sclerosis. Design Twenty adults (32–74 years old; 55% female) with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis resulting in foot drop participated in a crossover, counterbalanced preliminary study. Each participant was tested on different days, with each session consisting of a separate walk trial per prosthetic device. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, speed, distance, and self-reported exertion were measured independently for each device walk trial. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with device and visit number as within-participants independent variables were run for the primary outcome variables of perceived exertion, energy, and metabolic efficiency. Results A significant main effect of device was found for perceived exertion (P = 0.01), with participants reporting decreased exertion levels (Borg Scale) when using the FES compared with the AFO (mean difference, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–2.76). Energy and efficiency did not significantly differ by device. Conclusion Results suggest that further investigation of the potential advantages of FES devices over traditional AFO is warranted. To Claim CME Credits Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry. org/JournalCME CME Objectives Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) describe the potential differences between an AFO and FES for the treatment of foot drop in patients with multiple sclerosis, (2) understand the mechanisms and prevalence of foot drop in patients with multiple sclerosis, and (3) recognize the potential benefit of improved perceived exertion found when using FES for the treatment of foot drop in patients with multiple sclerosis. Level Advanced Accreditation The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Capping of mammalian U6 small nuclear RNA in vitro is directed by a conserved stem-loop and AUAUAC sequence: conversion of a noncapped RNA into a capped RNA

The cap structure of U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is gamma-monomethyl phosphate and is distinct from other known RNA cap structures (R. Singh and R. Reddy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8280-8283, 1989). Here we show that the information for capping the U6 snRNA in vitro is within the initial 25 nucleotides of the U6 RNA. The capping determinant in mammalian U6 snRNA is a bipartite element--a phylogenetically conserved stem-loop structure and an AUAUAC sequence, or a part thereof, following this stem-loop. Wild-type capping efficiency was obtained when the AUAUAC motif immediately followed the stem-loop and when the gamma-phosphate of the initiation nucleotide was in close proximity to the capping determinant. Incorporation of a synthetic stem-loop followed by an AUAUAC sequence is sufficient to covert a noncapped heterologous transcript into a capped transcript. Transcripts with the initial 32 nucleotides of Saccharomyces cerevisiae U6 snRNA are accurately capped in HeLa cell extract, indicating that capping machinery from HeLa cells can cap U6 snRNA from an evolutionarily distant eucaryote. The U6-snRNA-specific capping is unusual in that it is RNA sequence dependent, while the capping of mRNAs and other U snRNAs is tightly coupled to transcription and is independent of the RNA sequence.
Photosynthetic Pigment Localization and Thylakoid Membrane Morphology Are Altered in Synechocystis 6803 Phycobilisome Mutants1[C][W]

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes that are the progenitors of the chloroplasts of algae and plants. These organisms harvest light using large membrane-extrinsic phycobilisome antenna in addition to membrane-bound chlorophyll-containing proteins. Similar to eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria possess thylakoid membranes that house photosystem (PS) I and PSII, which drive the oxidation of water and the reduction of NADP+, respectively. While thylakoid morphology has been studied in some strains of cyanobacteria, the global distribution of PSI and PSII within the thylakoid membrane and the corresponding location of the light-harvesting phycobilisomes are not known in detail, and such information is required to understand the functioning of cyanobacterial photosynthesis on a larger scale. Here, we have addressed this question using a combination of electron microscopy and hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy in wild-type Synechocystis species PCC 6803 and a series of mutants in which phycobilisomes are progressively truncated. We show that as the phycobilisome antenna is diminished, large-scale changes in thylakoid morphology are observed, accompanied by increased physical segregation of the two photosystems. Finally, we quantified the emission intensities originating from the two photosystems in vivo on a per cell basis to show that the PSI:PSII ratio is progressively decreased in the mutants. This results from both an increase in the amount of photosystem II and a decrease in the photosystem I concentration. We propose that these changes are an adaptive strategy that allows cells to balance the light absorption capabilities of photosystems I and II under light-limiting conditions.
Biodegradation potential of petroleum hydrocarbons by bacteria and mixed bacterial consortium isolated from contaminated sites

The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the potential of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-degrading bacterial strains from oil-contaminated soil in the Meerut region. Among 59 oil-degrading bacterial cultures isolated from the oil-contaminated soil samples, 1 Bacillus species, 2 species of Pseudomonas, and 1 species of Micrococcus, identified on the basis of biochemical and 16s rDNA sequencing, were found to have the ability to utilize PHCs such as benzene, diesel, toluene, anthracene, and naphthalene. These strains were selected for further study to measure the quantitative determination of PHC metabolization. Along with these selected strains, a mixed bacterial consortium was formulated and used for PHC degradation. Among the individual strains, Pseudomonas sp. APHP9 performed better than the other bacterial isolates. Maximum biodegradation of benzene and toluene was done by the bacterial consortium. The mean growth rate constant (K) of soil isolates also increased with a successive increase in PHC concentration. Moreover, Bacillus sp. APHP6, Pseudomonas sp. APHP9, Pseudomonas sp. APBP1, Micrococcus sp. APIO4, and the consortium resulted in a 54.8%, 60.2%, 40.9%, 32.5%, and 66.2% decrease in benzene concentration and a 61.2%, 68.4%, 53.7%, 39.3%, and 75.4% decrease in diesel concentration, respectively, after 6 days of incubation as estimated by HPLC analysis.
Technical Innovations and the Evolution of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Since the introduction of endoscopic sinus surgery, a number of significant technological advances, as well as an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and management, have enabled major evolutions in surgical techniques. Modifications to surgical instruments, imaging, the development of the microdebrider, and other newer instrumentation have all contributed to the current level of patient success associated with endoscopic intranasal techniques. At the same time, it has become evident that anatomic variations are less important in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis than was previously thought, and that ventilation alone is insufficient to resolve well-established disease. This paper reviews the changes that have occurred in endoscopic sinus surgery over the past 20 years since the techniques were first introduced into the United States, and the technologies that have enabled these changes and the development of extended endoscopic techniques. Continuing developments of interactive computer-guided surgery, endoscopic 3-dimensional imagery, robotics, and improved adjunctive therapies will further extend the role of endoscopic transnasal approaches to an expanded number of skull base and intracranial lesions.
Traffic shaping for a loss system

We consider a loss system in which the connection arrival process is deterministically regulated (by leaky buckets for example) but is otherwise arbitrary. Bounds are found on connection blocking probabilities. These bounds are only in terms of the parameters of the traffic regulator, the common connection holding time distribution (which is not regulated in any way) and the server system itself.
Incidence of dog bite injuries and clinical rabies in a tertiary health care institution: a 10-year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND It is widely recognized that rabies is grossly under-reported even though it is a notifiable disease and a lack of accurate figures has rendered rabies a low public health and veterinary priority. This study aimed at determining the incidence of dog bite injuries and clinical rabies in a tertiary health care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS Case records of patients managed at the accident and emergency unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, between June 2000 and May 2010 with diagnosis of dog bite and rabies were retrieved. Relevant clinical data were extracted using a structured questionnaire designed for the study. RESULTS Eighty-one persons out of 24,683 consultations in the accident and emergency unit presented with dog bite injuries with two clinical cases of human rabies. Mean age of victims of dog bite injuries was 21.1 ± 14.3 years and the majority (55.6%) were children. Males were more affected than females with a male:female ratio of 4.8:1, lower limb/buttock injuries were significantly higher in children than adults, but the adults sustained significantly more severe (type III) injury. The majority of dog bite injuries were washed with soap and irrigated with water or saline and 87.7% of the victim of dog bite received postexposure anti-rabies vaccine. CONCLUSION Hospital incidence of dog bite injuries was low, but the use of postexposure prophylaxis was high.
Aesthetic Autonomy and Self-Aggrandisement

You're not as clever as you think you are. Nor for that matter are you as good a driver, teacher or romantic partner as you take yourself to be and, as if that wasn't bad enough, you are also considerably less popular than you have hitherto believed. Finally – and crucially for the argument of this paper – I contend that your abilities as an aesthetic judge are considerably less impressive than you take them to be. To avoid descending into name calling it's worth pointing out that such claims apply to the vast majority of people – myself, somewhat paradoxically, included.
Eucapnic hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction in rabbits.

We examined whether eucapnic hyperventilation with dry air produces the bronchoconstriction in anesthetized, non-sensitized rabbits and in ovalbumin sensitized rabbits. Eucapnic hyperventilation challenge with dry air containing 5% CO2 at room temperature was performed with 4 non-sensitized and 7 sensitized rabbits by mechanical ventilation for 15 min (120 breaths/min, 7 ml tidal volume/kg body weight). Total lung resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were measured before and 0, 5, 15, and 30 min after hyperventilation. In non-sensitized rabbits, RL and Cdyn did not change significantly. However, in sensitized rabbits, RL increased maximally by 48.9% +/- 9.0% at 5 min, and then decreased to the baseline level at 30 min after challenge. Cdyn decreased maximally by 12.5% +/- 3.5% at 15 min after challenge. These changes were significantly different from the baselines (p < 0.05). Furthermore, to investigate the role of histamine on hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) in sensitized rabbits, we performed the hyperventilation challenges in 5 sensitized rabbits with the pretreatment of H1-receptor antagonist (chlorpheniramine, 1 mg/kg, i.v.) and found that the maximum increment of RL was suppressed to 24.2% +/- 7.4% of the control, which was significantly lower than the maximal RL in nontreated sensitized rabbits (p < 0.05). We concluded that HIB occurs only in sensitized rabbits and that histamine may play an important role in the development of HIB in sensitized rabbits.
The gdhA gene is located at 38.6 minutes on the Escherichia coli map

We report here that the gdhA gene of Escherichia coli, which encodes the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase, is located at 38.6 min on the map. We have confirmed this location by showing linkage with three Tn10 insertions that are linked to the aroD, pheS, and ansA loci, by complementation by a restriction-mapped lambda clone, and by showing correspondence between the restriction maps of the chromosome and the cloned and sequenced gdhA gene.
Muscle damage with diclofenac injections

opinion was sought. She was orientated, and examination revealed no focal neurological signs, neck stiffness, photophobia or papilloedema. Her heart rate was 80 beat.min-’ and her blood pressure 105/60 mmHg. Full blood count and electrolytes were unremarkable. Further observation revealed that her headache was present at all times, even when lying supine. She was also pyrexial with an axillary temperature of 37.8”C. The epidural form and obstetric notes were reviewed and no evidence of a dural tap found. The history was not typical of that following dural puncture. Observation was continued, blood cultures taken and she was given simple analgesics. She became disorientated and a computed tomography scan of the brain was requested. This showed obstructive hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricles with a mass in the midbrain and obliteration of the third ventricle. She was transferred to the regional neurosurgical centre for further management. The hydrocephalus was drained and the mass diagnosed as an astrocytoma. This case illustrates a rare cause of postpartum headache and the importance of differentiation of symptoms. The epidural used for labour was initially implicated, but the history was not consistent with that following dural puncture. Roelvink et al. [I] reviewed pregnancy-related, primary brain and spinal tumours and reported 223 patients where initial manifestation or acceleration of symptoms occurred during pregnancy itself, and 17 patients with initial symptoms in the first week postpartum. In 30 patients postpartum amelioration of symptoms occurred. In the recent triennial report on maternal deaths, three malignant neoplasms of the brain and one benign tumour were documented [2]. Cerebral neoplasm is rare, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of postpartum headache. Dural puncture during an attempted blood patch in this woman might have precipitated fatal coning.
High-data-rate millimeter-wave radios

This article discusses millimeter-wave Gigabit-class radio systems operating at 1-10-Gb data rates, i.e., at fiberoptic speeds. Yet, we need to talk first about fiber optics. There has been stunning progress in high-speed fiber optic technology during the past 10-15 years. Systems operate 50-100 channels per fiber and with 50-100 fibers per communications bundle. Each wavelength channel operates at 10-40 Gb/s per channel. Cost for hardware is decreasing rapidly, particularly for Ethernet optical equipment. Companies have begun transmitting radio signals over free-space optics links. There is also an industry growing around the technology of transmitting radio signals over fiber optics. As noted, the developments are absolutely stunning.
Prognostic impact of marginal mandibulectomy in the presence of superficial bone invasion and the nononcologic outcome

Treatment of oral cavity cancer may require variable extent of mandibular resection. Marginal mandibulectomy is a controversial technique in providing oncologic resection margin. This study analyzes the efficacy of local oncologic control and the morbidity of marginal mandibulectomy in oral cavity carcinoma. Nononcologic complication of osteoradionecrosis is discussed.