Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interferon induction and utilization

The interferon mechanism offers the hope for moderate to high level prophylactic immunity of broad antiviral spectrum but of relatively short duration. Economic and biological considerations offer little hope for utilization of exogenous interferon as a prophylactic or therapeutic substance, unless but a small part of the total molecule be found to carry the activity. The real promise for interferon application is in the administration of suitable inducers so as to cause the body to produce and distribute its own interferon. Certain ribonucleic acids (RNA's) offer hope for high level potency as inducers without adverse effect. The condition for interferon induction by ribonucleic acids appears to be double‐ or multistrandedness and freedom from inhibitors. These can be of biologic or synthetic origin. The mechanism of action of interferon is not fully understood but appears to fit into the Jacob‐Monod model involving two phases: first, a derepression by the inducer to cause the cell to form interferon and second, a derepression by interferon to cause recipient cells to form the active substance which acts by preventing translation from viral messenger RNA. Double or multistranded RNA of viral or other origin appears to be unique to the cell and serves as the alert to it to produce interferon in phase 1. Greatest need for interferon is clearly for those diseases in which there is a multiplicity of immunologic types in excess of the numbers which could be put into a vaccine as, e.g., the common cold and enteric viruses. There might be some overall therapeutic benefit also if inducer were given early enough in infection. Special value for interferon induction might derive by administration in early life before the development of immunologic maturity, as a means for preventing infection with oncogenic or other viruses. Additionally, suitable inducers might be capable of interrupting the reinfection cycle in virus‐dependent malignancies.
A multiple sparse representation classification approach based on weighted residuals

To further improve the effectiveness and reliability of sparse representation classification, a multiple sparse representation classification based on weighted residuals is proposed in this paper. To overcome the deficiency of single feature identification of SRC (sparse representation classification), we propose extracting more features to represent samples. To enhance the performance of the conventional method SRC, we propose using the normalized weighted l2-norm of sparse representation coefficients. Experiments show that the effectiveness of our proposed method WR_MSRC (multiple sparse representation classification approach based on weighted residuals) can be improved considerably.
Lenalidomide overcomes the immunosuppression of regulatory CD8+CD28− T-cells

Although lenalidomide and pomalidomide are well-established treatment options in patients with multiple myeloma, their immune-modulating effects are not fully understood. While CD8+CD28− regulatory T-cells in patients with hematologic disorders display a known immune-escape mechanism, we show that lenalidomide can overcome the immunosuppressive impact of CD8+CD28− T-cells. We analyzed in vitro the antigen-specific T-cell responses of healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma with or without the addition of autologous CD8+CD28− T-cells in the absence and presence of lenalidomide. We found that lenalidomide enhances the antigen-specific secretion of IFN-γ and Granzyme B despite the addition of CD8+CD28− T-cells. Furthermore, we showed that lenalidomide inhibits the IL-6 secretion of mononuclear cells, triggered by CD8+CD28− T-cells. The addition of IL-6 counteracts the action of lenalidomide based stimulation of IFN-γ secretion and induction of T-cell maturation but not the secretion of Granzyme B. Surprisingly, pomalidomide failed to induce IL-6 suppression and displayed immunostimulating effects only after a prolonged incubation time. Analysis of the IL-6 modulating cereblon-binding protein KPNA2 showed the similar degradation capacity of lenalidomide and pomalidomide without explaining the divergent effects. In conclusion, we showed that IL-6 and lenalidomide, but not pomalidomide, are opponents in a myeloma-antigen specific T-cell model.
Cow's milk protein intolerance. Transient food intolerance of infancy.

In the past most reports of cow's milk protein intolerance or cow's milk allergy have centred upon immunological investigations. Anderson and Schloss in 1923 found antibodies to cow's milk protein in the sera of infants exposed to cow's milk, but the presence in the serum of cow's milk antibodies cannot per se be equated with clinical intolerance to this protein. While it is true that clinical cow's milk protein intolerance is often associated with high titres of such antibodies, these levels may also be found in some children with coeliac disease who clinically do not have intolerance to cow's milk. Skin tests may on occasion be a useful diagnostic test, but in one report only 59% of children with cow's milk protein intolerance had positive tests (Goldman et al., 1963). Matthews and Soothill (1970) have reported interesting work on the effect of milk feeding on complement activation in children with cow's milk protein intolerance, but there is at present no single immunological investigation generally available which is invariably positive in children with cow's milk allergy, and the diagnosis is usually based on clinical criteria. It indeed seems probable that several different types of immune response may be involved in this syndrome: IgE antibodies giving positive skin tests, IgG and IgM antibodies giving raised titres for serum antibodies, and abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity leading to abnormal lymphocyte transformation tests (Fontaine and Navarro, 1975). Paediatric gastroenterologists are now paying increasing attention to diseases causing abnormality of the small intestinal mucosa, i.e. small intestinal enteropathies, other than coeliac disease. Notable among these is cow's milk protein intolerance. It now appears that typically the proximal small intestinal mucosa in this disorder is abnormal when biopsied, as described in this issue of the Archives by workers in Helsinki (Kuitunen et al., 1975) and in Paris (Fontaine and Navarro, 1975). Although the severity of this mucosal abnormality on biopsy, unlike coeliac disease, is clearly very variable from child to child, Kuitunen and his colleagues found about half their children had a flat small intestinal mucosa indistinguishable from that observed in coeliac disease, whereas Fontaine and Navarro found partial villous atrophy to be the most common finding on small intestinal biopsy. Some of the children they have reported had only minor mucosal abnormalities on biopsy. Occasionally a normal small intestinal mucosa has been described in this disorder.
Management issues of direct hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems for application in automotive field

In this paper Fuel Cell Systems (FCS) based on H2/air Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) stacks of 2.5 and 12 kW were experimentally analyzed with the aim to elucidate the system design and management concerns to be considered for automotive application. The effects of the main operative conditions on stack performance were preliminarily examined, while the experimental analysis of the overall FCS permitted the energy losses related to the main system components to be specified. The possible strategies for control of air feeding, fuel purge, cooling and membrane humidification were discussed, with particular reference to the interaction between some specific devices, such as rotary vane compressor and membrane humidifier, whose characteristics were evidenced to be compatible with automotive applications because of low energy consumption and reliable FCS performance.
Identification of Novel Proteases and Immunomodulators in the Secretions of Schistosome Cercariae That Facilitate Host Entry *S

Schistosomiasis, caused by parasitic helminths, remains a serious human disease in the tropics. Cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni infect their hosts by direct skin penetration, aided by secretions from acetabular and head glands. Both proteolytic and immunomodulatory properties have been ascribed to the released material, but to date only five isoforms of elastase and one putative anti-inflammatory protein (Sm16) have been cloned. We analyzed secretions from mechanically transformed cercariae by two-dimensional electrophoresis. An average gel image was created and compared with a separation of soluble larval extract, revealing a less complex spot pattern in the secretions with 60% of the spots matched to the larval extract. Subsequent tandem mass spectrometric analysis identified 48 spots from the released material, representing approximately 80% of its normalized volume. Twenty-nine of these are likely to originate in the vesicles, and 18 are likely to originate in the cytosol of the glands (the latter class being present due to holocrine secretion); one is unknown. The vesicular proteins were significantly more enriched than the cytosolic proteins in the released material when compared with the larval extract. A novel metalloproteinase (termed SmPepM8) was the second most abundant constituent after three isoforms of cercarial elastase. In addition, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (SmDPP IV) was discovered but in much smaller quantity. A new serine protease inhibitor (SmSerp_c) was also prominent. Along with Sm16, four potential immunomodulators were identified, three with similarity to venom allergens (SmSCP_a, _b, and _c) and one with homology to the potassium channel blockers in scorpion venom (SmKK7). Interrogation of the expressed sequence tag database found transcripts encoding the majority of vesicular proteins present solely in the intramolluscan stages of the life cycle. Distinct patterns of radiolabel incorporation suggested three separate origins for the vesicular proteins. All the novel constituents merit investigation as vaccine candidates, and the potential immunomodulators merit investigation as therapeutic agents.
Information sharing in supply chain of agricultural products based on the Internet of Things

Purpose – The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the efficient ways to solve the problems on information sharing in the supply chain of agricultural products. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a scheme of information sharing in the supply chain of agricultural products is developed and the information of agricultural products is designed and described with Physical Markup Language. Findings – In addition, the EPC Information Services (EPCIS) system of agricultural products is analyzed and designed, and the design of tracking and tracing of the agricultural supply chain based on the IoT is proposed. Meanwhile, EPCDS registration is discussed, and two methods of information inquiry are proposed, especially the processes of inquiries for the static and dynamic information based on Object Name Service are emphasized. Originality/value – Once a food safety incident occurs, the model can be used for tracking, tracing, and monitoring so as to deal with related pro.
Role of superoxide dismutase in protecting rabbit spermatozoa from O2 toxicity due to lipid peroxidation.

Cyanide-sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rabbit epididymal spermatozoa decreases with time of aerobic incubation of a washed cell suspension. The inactivation of SOD activity correlates linearly with the increasing percent immotile sperm observed under these con- ditions. We had previously shown a linear correlation between percent immotile sperm and spon- taneous lipid peroxidation in both high Naand high i��' media, the peroxidation rate being eightfold higher in the high Kmedium as compared to the high Ni' medium (Alvarez and Storey, 1982). These two linear correlations connect SOD inactivation and lipid peroxidation. In this study, the reaction of 03 with the sperm cells was characterized by a second order rate constant k5. The value of k5 for fresh cells is 1.2 X io� (cells/ml�'min'' in high Na4' medium and 12.5 X 10� (cel! s/m! F' minin high K' medium. This difference is reflected in the lipid peroxidation rate in the two media. As SOD is inactivated during aerobic incubation in the high Na+ medium, the value of k5 increases to 18.3 X 10-8 (cells/mli'mincorresponding to 100% inactivation of SOD. This value is close to that of 19.9 X 10 cells/mIT' mirf' obtained in the high Na4' medium and 22.9 X 10' (cells/mW' min' obtained in the high K' medium with fresh cells in the pres- ence of CN to inactivate the SOD. We suggest that attack of 02�' to induce lipid peroxidation in fresh cells occurs at the plasma membrane and is sensitive to the ionic composition of the medium, but that as SOD becomes inactivated during aerobic incubation, more intracellular lipid peroxidation occurs, which is not affected by the ionic composition of the medium. These results imply that SOD activity is the primary enzymic defense against oxidative degradation available to rabbit spermatozoa.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of the Mechanism of General Anesthesia in a Model System of Firefly Luminescence in Vitro

Cell-free firefly-tail extract emits light when ATP is added. The flash intensity follows first-order kinetics. Methoxyflurane, chloroform, halothane, enflurane, and fluroxene inhibited this reaction. Tensions which inhibited flash intensity 50 per cent were 2.1 X 10-3 atm, 9.0 X 10-4 atm, 1.04 X 10-2 atm, 2.0 X 10-2 atm, and 5.1 X 10-2 atm, respectively. These values correlate better with oil/gas partition coefficients than with hydrate-dissociation pressures. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the inhibition mechanism of anestheties is identical to reversible thermal inactivation of the enzyme. In this reaction the origital “folded” enzyme became inactive by transformation into the “unfolded” or expanded type. Inhibition was accompanied by a high heat of reaction (ΔH: −80,000 to −89,900 cal/mol) and a large entropy change (ΔS: −277 to −320 entropy units), and was non-competitive with ATP binding. The magnitudes of the heat of reaction and the entropy change support the theory that anesthetics act at a hydrophobic site of luciferase, inducing a structural change of the enzyme to form the “unfolded” type. The correlation between the ED20's of the anesthetics and their oil/gas partition coefficients together with the enzyme kinetic data indicates that the site of anesthetic action may be hydrophobic.
Endovascular reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis

Abstract Intra-arterial thrombolysis has been advocated for treatment of acute ischemic stroke and several prognostic factors were identified in these patients. Other endovascular methods aiming to recanalize occluded vessels including balloon angioplasty, stenting and use of mechanical clot retrieving devices were devised. To date, this approach is replaced by a multi-modal reperfusion therapy (MMRT) approach that emphasizes combination of various methods to achieve reperfusion. MMRT includes intra-arterial infusion of thrombolytics and/or antiplatelet agents, mechanical clot disruption and retrieval and balloon angioplasty with stent placement. Recent results suggest that MMRT results in higher chances for both recanalization of the occluded artery and reperfusion of the ischemic tissue.
Utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in supracricoid partial laryngectomy

Abstract Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful technique for the evaluation of paraglottic space invasion and lymph node metastasis in patients with supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL). Primary SUVmax values (using 7.0 as a cut-off) and nodal SUVmax values (using 2.2 as a cut-off) are important for recurrence and poor prognosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT for paraglottic space invasion and lymph node metastasis and the prognostic significance in SCPL. Methods: The medical records of 42 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for SCPL before surgery were reviewed. Results: The median primary SUVmax was 6.63 ± 5.07 and the median nodal SUVmax was 1.25 ± 1.86. The primary SUVmax values with paraglottic space invasion (8.34 ± 5.92) and without (4.57 ± 2.74) were significantly different (p = 0.015). The 18F-FDG PET/CT had an accuracy of 87% for the identification of cervical metastases on a level-by-level basis. A median primary SUVmax value of 7.0 and nodal SUVmax of 2.2 were associated with recurrence (p = 0.022 and p = 0.009, respectively) and 5-year disease-specific survival (p = 0.021 and p = 0.041, respectively).
Towards effective course-based recommendations for public tenders

In this paper, we propose a recommendation model to assist users find relevant courses for public tenders. The recommendations are computed based on the user study activity at Atepassar.com, a web-based learning environment for public tender candidates. Unlike traditional academic-oriented recommender systems, our approach takes into account crucial information for public tender candidates such as salary offered by public tenders and location where the exams take place. Technically, our recommendations rely on content-based techniques and a location reasoning method in order to provide users with most feasible courses. Results from a real-world dataset indicate reasonable improvement in recommendation quality over compared baseline models - we observed about 11 precision improvement and 12.7% of recall gain over the best model compared - demonstrating the potential of our approach in recommending personalised courses.
Cervical cancer: A comprehensive approach towards extermination

Abstract Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogen, globally. Oncogenic types of HPV are the causative agents of many neoplastic diseases, including cervical cancer, which ranks as the most common cancer affecting females in developing countries. HPV infection of the cervical epithelium and the subsequent integration of viral DNA into the host genome are the major risk factors for cervical cancer. The scientific discovery of HPV as the causal agent of cervical cancer has led to the development of HPV-based diagnostic tools. Prophylactic vaccines, based on the oncogenic HPV type virus-like particles have been introduced in several developed countries as a preliminary preventive approach. Nevertheless, it remains a continuous threat to women in developing countries, where the prophylactic vaccines are unaffordable and organized screening programmes are lacking. This warrants implementation of prevention strategies that will reduce cervical cancer-related mortality. In this review, we have discussed molecular pathogenesis of HPV infection and the risk factors associated with it. The diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies of HPV-related cervical cancer have also been discussed. Key messages HPV-related cervical cancer: risk factors, diagnosis and prevention strategies. HPV pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention strategies of cervical cancer. Risk factors, diagnosis and prevention strategies of HPV-related cervical cancer.
Multiple facets of tightly coupled transducer–transistor structures

The ever increasing demand for data processing requires different paradigms for electronics. Excellent performance capabilities such as low power and high speed in electronics can be attained through several factors including using functional materials, which sometimes acquire superior electronic properties. The transduction-based transistor switching mechanism is one such possibility, which exploits the change in electrical properties of the transducer as a function of a mechanically induced deformation. Originally developed for deformation sensors, the technique is now moving to the centre stage of the electronic industry as the basis for new transistor concepts to circumvent the gate voltage bottleneck in transistor miniaturization. In issue 37 of Nanotechnology, Chang et al show the piezoelectronic transistor (PET), which uses a fast, low-power mechanical transduction mechanism to propagate an input gate voltage signal into an output resistance modulation. The findings by Chang et al will spur further research into piezoelectric scaling, and the PET fabrication techniques needed to advance this type of device in the future.
Medical teaching in rural Australia: should we be concerned about the international medical graduate connection?

The two rural workforce strategies of rural clinical schools and deployment of international medical graduates (IMGs) geographically overlap in Australia's large expanse of under‐served rural and remote areas. We used the Rural Clinical School of Western Australia (RCSWA) as a model to examine the relative numbers of IMG clinical academics, and the contribution of IMGs to rural clinical school development and education. IMGs have established six of 10 rural clinical school sites, maintained an academic presence, and continue to staff the RCSWA in high proportions. In a fragile rural work ecology, WA's IMGs are contributing to both meeting current workforce needs and the education of future rural doctors. The “double debt” Australia owes to IMGs, stemming from the rich cross‐fertilisation of these two workforce strategies, should be acknowledged.
Chromosomal Instability and Tumors Promoted by DNA Hypomethylation

Human tumors often display changes in DNA methylation, including both genome-wide hypomethylation and site-specific hypermethylation ( [1][1], [2][2] ). In mice, DNA hypomethylation is sufficient to induce T cell lymphomas with consistent gain of chromosome 15 ( [3][3] ), indicating that genome-wide
Distributed model predictive control for building energy systems in distribution grids

The trend to electrify the heating sector is a logical method to reduce carbon emissions, but causes additional challenges for distribution grids. Demand-side management (DSM) via model predictive control (MPC) is considered a promising strategy to mitigate the impact on the distribution grid. This paper introduces a scalable distributed MPC approach to coordinate the residual load of multiple buildings equipped with heat pumps. The problem formulation includes valley filling as a global objective and energy minimization as a local objective for the single buildings. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is shown and the benefit of coordinated DSM for distribution system operators demonstrated.
Choosing Among Public Interest Groups: Membership, Activism, and Retention in Political Organizations

Contemporary scholars who have explored why citizens join organizations have employed assumptions that are untenable for understanding other member choices. An analysis of data on four contrasting public interest groups demonstrates that it is possible to develop a general perspective for explaining member decision-making in organizations. Decisions about which association to join, whether or not to stay, and whether to be an activist or to remain in the rank and file can all be understood as reflections of a process in which imperfectly informed citizens join a group, learn more about it, and subsequently make more knowledgeable choices. The experiential search perspective provides a coherent explanation for a host of interrelated citizen decisions.