Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multinational firm and its operational choice: Inward and outward investment *

This paper studies how a multinational enterprise (MNE) coordinates the R&D investment and the foreign operational choice when it confronts with the budget constraint under the potential knowledge spillover. To explain the interrelation between MNE’s R&D decision and operational choices, I focus on the two operational choices, FDI and the alliance, which are distinguished depending on whether it requires the MNE financial investment or not. The choices are further categorized into four, that is, a subsidiary, a joint venture, licensing, and cross-licensing. In a simple model, it is shown that the controllability of negative spillover is the most important factor for MNE’s operational and R&D decisions. When the firms engage in the cooperative activities, it is shown that the host government can attract the greater amount of the MNE’s technology if it puts more weight on R&D policy than FDI policy.
A Comparison between Task Oriented and Client-Centred Task-OrientedApproaches to Improve Upper Limb Functioning in People with Sub-AcuteStroke

Stroke is the third leading cause of death after cancer and heart diseases, produces considerable morbidity and is an important public health problem all over the world. Stroke is a major public health concern, being among the most common causes of death and disability [1]. Motor impairments are most prevalent of all deficits seen after stroke, usually with involvement of the face, arm and leg alone or in various combinations. Motor impairments include involvement of cranial nerves, muscle power & tone, reflexes, balance, gait, coordination and apraxia [2].
USE OF cDNA MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL GENES RESPONDING TO ABSCISIC ACID PHYTOHORMONE

DNA microarray technology is a new and powerful technology that will substantially increase the speed of molecular biological research. This paper gives a survey of DNA microarray technology and its use in gene expression. Studies of 4370 unigenes from a library of rice endosperm and leaf tissue were used to detect the expression levels of mRNA from rice stem tissue treated by water and plant hormone ABA. Results showed that the expression levels of five genes were depressed by phytohormone ABA. Reverse Northern blotting confirmed that one of the five genes H024g06 was really depressed by ABA. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the gene H024g06 is the same as the cytochrome C gene. Previous researches revealed that the cytochrome C gene was related to such stress responses as drought and coldness, while ABA could induce plant stress response. Therefore, these results suggest that the cytochrome C gene may have a certain mediating function during the stress response induced by ABA phytohormone.
Detecting Traffic Anomalies in Urban Areas Using Taxi GPS Data

Large-scale GPS data contain hidden information and provide us with the opportunity to discover knowledge that may be useful for transportation systems using advanced data mining techniques. In major metropolitan cities, many taxicabs are equipped with GPS devices. Because taxies operate continuously for nearly 24 hours per day, they can be used as reliable sensors for the perceived traffic state. In this paper, the entire city was divided into subregions by roads, and taxi GPS data were transformed into traffic flow data to build a traffic flow matrix. In addition, a highly efficient anomaly detection method was proposed based on wavelet transform and PCA (principal component analysis) for detecting anomalous traffic events in urban regions. The traffic anomaly is considered to occur in a subregion when the values of the corresponding indicators deviate significantly from the expected values. This method was evaluated using a GPS dataset that was generated by more than 15,000 taxies over a period of half a year in Harbin, China. The results show that this detection method is effective and efficient.
A Study on Total Quality Management Impact on Human Resource Function

Everyone has experiences of poor quality once addressing business organizations. Fortunate firms perceive the powerful impact customer-defined quality will wear business. For this reason, several competitive corporations regularly increase their quality standards. Total quality management has the way of reaching implications for the management of human resources. It emphasizes selfcontrol, autonomy, and creativeness among staff and entails larger active cooperation instead of simply compliance. Indeed, it's turning into a proverb of fine management that human factors are the foremost vital dimension in quality and productivity improvement. This article argues that TQM, principles, contribution, tools, and techniques and concludes with the impact of human resource management.
Dynamic Mental Representations of Habitual Behaviours: Food Choice on a Web-Based Environment

Aim: Rather than being rigid, habitual behaviours may be determined by dynamic mental representations that can adapt to context changes. This adaptive potential may result from particular conditions dependent on the interaction between two sources of mental constructs activation: perceived context applicability and cognitive accessibility. Method: Two web-shopping simulations offering the choice between habitually chosen and non-habitually chosen food products were presented to participants. This considered two choice contexts differing in the habitual behaviour perceived applicability (low vs. high) and a measure of habitual behaviour chronicity. Results: Study 1 demonstrated a perceived applicability effect, with more habitual (non-organic) than non-habitual (organic) food products chosen in a high perceived applicability (familiar) than in a low perceived applicability (new) context. The adaptive potential of habitual behaviour was evident in the habitual products choice consistency across three successive choices, despite the decrease in perceived applicability. Study 2 evidenced the adaptive potential in strong habitual behaviour participants – high chronic accessibility – who chose a habitual product (milk) more than a non-habitual product (orange juice), even when perceived applicability was reduced (new context). Conclusion: Results portray consumers as adaptive decision makers that can flexibly cope with changes in their (inner and outer) choice contexts.
The Effect of Level and Period of Fe-methionine Chelate Supplementation on the Iron Content of Boiler Meat

A broiler experiment was conducted to compare the effects of duration and level of iron-methionine chelate (Fe-Met) supplementation on the iron, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content of broiler meat. Two hundred and fifty hatched Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 5 replicates of 10 birds (5 males and 5 females) each. Birds were housed in raised floor batteries and fed traditional broiler diets ad libitum for 5 weeks. Dietary treatments were as follows: Control and two levels of Fe-Met (100 or 200 ppm in Fe) supplemented for either the whole period (0-5 wk) or grower period (4-5 wk). Production performance was not significantly affected by treatments. Iron content in the muscles (breast, leg and wing) and organs (liver and spleen) were significantly (p<0.05) increased as the level and duration of Fe-Met supplementation increased. The highest concentration of iron was shown in Fe-Met 200 fed for the whole period. Liver contained the highest amount of iron followed by spleen, leg muscle, wing muscle and breast muscle. Supplementation of Fe-Met 200 for the grower period resulted in higher iron concentration in liver and spleen than supplementation of Fe-Met 100 for the whole period. However, the same treatment resulted in lower iron concentration in muscles (breast, leg and wing) than the treatment of Fe-Met 100 for the whole period. In order to achieve the highest iron enrichment in the muscles, Fe-Met should be supplemented at 200 ppm in Fe for the whole period (5 wks). Fe-Met supplementation increased copper concentration in all muscles and organs except wing muscle. Zinc concentration decreased in breast and wing muscle but tended to increase in leg muscle, liver and spleen by Fe-Met 200 supplementation. Color of muscle was not significantly affected by Fe-Met treatments. However, redness of leg and breast muscle, and yellowness of leg and breast muscle tended to increase by supplementation of Fe-Met for the whole period. It was concluded that iron content of broiler meat can be effectively enriched by supplementation of 200
Distribution , abundance and socio-economic impacts of invasive plant species ( IPS ) in Borana and Guji Zones of Oromia National Regional State , Ethiopia

This study was conducted in Borana and Guji Zones of Oromia National Regional State of Ethiopia. The aim of the study were to determine the abundance and distribution of IPS; develop abundance and distribution map of major Invasive Plant Species (IPS) and assess socio-economic impacts of IPS based on communities’ perception. IPS distribution and abundance data were collected with systematic sampling techniques at regular interval of 10km and a total of 128 waypoints were marked with Global Positioning System (GPS). Relative abundance and distribution of the major IPS were determined and maps showing these were developed using ArcGIS 9.1 software. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-economic impacts of IPS and were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16.0). The composite data of this study recorded nine alien plant invaders i.e. Parthenium hysterophorus, Prosopis juliflora, Senna didymobotrya, S. occidentalis, Argemone ochroleuca, Xanthium strumarium, X. spinosum, Calotropis procera and Lantana camara and seven invasive native Acacia species i.e. Acacia mellifera, A. drepanolobium, A. bussei, A. tortilis, A. reficience, A. seyal and A. nubica were distributed along the roadsides, grazing lands, crop fields, waste lands, village areas and around habitations. The dominant IPS invaded on grazing and agricultural lands were A. mellifera, P. hysterophorus and A. drepanolobium. P. hysterophorus severely infested croplands of Yabello and Liben Districts. Questionnaire’s data showed that Acacia species have taken over vast grazing areas and blocks migration routes and access to water points. They dominated on rangelands of Teltele, Yabello, Dire, Miyo, Moyale, Arero and Liben Districts. As a whole, the negative effects of IPS were only reported by the respondents in the infested areas. More than 50% of the communities interviewed indicated that three beneficial grass species of the rangelands in the study area such as ‘Sardoo’ (Cynodon dactylon), ‘ilmoogori’ (Leptothrium senegalense) and ‘Matguddessa’ (Cenchrus ciliaris) were totally replaced by IPS.
Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Non-epileptic Children with Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACT Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, however few studies have investigated epileptic seizures and electroencephalographic abnormalities in children with ADHD. The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence of epileptiform discharges in children with ADHD. Method: We enrolled children with ADHD who visited the neurology clinic of our hospital between January 2014 and June 2016, all of whom met the DSM-V criteria and underwent awake and sleep electroencephalography examinations. We excluded those with histories of intellectual disabilities, epilepsy, congenital anomalies and substance abuse. None of the patients had a history of seizures before the examination. Results: A total of 121 patients were included (93 males, 28 females, mean age 6.9±2.5 years), of whom 28 (23.1%) had electroencephalographic abnormalities, including three (10.7%) with generalized epileptiform discharges and 25 (89.3%) with focal epileptiform discharges. The focal epileptiform discharges were most prevalent from the rolandic area (15/25), followed by the parietal area (5/25), frontal area (4/25) and occipital area (1/25). Fourteen (50%) of the 28 patients had abnormal electroencephalographic findings only during sleep recordings. Conclusions: Electroencephalographic focal abnormalities were found in 23.1% of our patients, of which 50% appeared only during sleep recordings. We suggest that sleep and awake electroencephalography recordings should be part of the routine assessment of children with ADHD regardless of whether or not they have overt seizures or other neurological conditions. In patients who do not respond well to traditional ADHD drugs, treatment for paroxysmal electroencephalographic abnormalities may be considered.
Research on the retrieval of rain rate using polarimetric GNSS signals

In recent years, the Atmosphere-Ocean and Space environmental remote sensing technology such as atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, sea surface wind field, and total electron content based on the GNSS signals has been widely concerned. This paper researches the mechanism and method of the retrieval of rain rate based on the depolarization of GNSS signals. According to a non-spherical raindrops model and raindrop size distribution, the function relation between the cross-polarization discrimination XPD defined to describe the depolarization and rain rate is established based on the non-spherical particle scattering algorithm. The feasibility of retrieving rain rate using the XPD is simulated and analyzed. The new technology of real-time, continuous, global detection of rain rate explored in this paper is of great significance to the expansion of the application of GNSS signals in the field of remote sensing of the atmosphere-ocean environment. Keywords—polarimetric GNSS signals; rain rate; crosspolarization discrimination XPD
Synthesis and Characterization of Co 3 O 4 Thin Film

Nanosized Co3O4 thin films were prepared on glass substrates by using sol-gel spin coating technique. The effect of annealing temperature (400°C - 700°C) on structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of Co3O4 thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electrical conductivity and UV-visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis). XRD measurements show that all the films are nanocrystallized in the cubic spinel structure and present a random orientation. Six prominent peaks, corresponding to the (111) phase (2θ ≈ 18.90°), (220) phase (2θ ≈ 31.29°), (311) phase (2θ ≈ 36.81°), (222) phase (2θ ≈ 38.54°), (400) phase (2θ ≈ 44.80°), (511) phase (2θ ≈ 59.37°) and (440) phase (2θ ≈ 65.27°) appear on the diffractograms. The crystallite size increases with increasing annealing temperature. These modifications influence the optical properties. The morphology of the sol gel derived Co3O4 shows nanocrystalline grains with some overgrown clusters and it varies with annealing temperature. The optical band gap has been determined from the absorption coefficient. We found that the optical band gap energy decreases from 2.58 eV to 2.07 eV with increasing annealing temperature between 400°C - 700°C. These mean that the optical quality of Co3O4 films is improved by annealing. The dc electrical conductivity of Co3O4 thin films were increased from 10–4 to 10–2 (Ω.cm)–1 with increase in annealing temperature. The electron carrier concentration (n) and mobility (μ) of Co3O4 films annealed at 400°C - 700°C were estimated to be of the order of 2.4 to 4.5 × 1019 cm–3 and 5.2 to 7.0 × 10–5 cm2.V–1.s–1 respectively. It is observed that Co3O4 thin film annealing at 700°C after deposition provide a smooth and flat texture suited for optoelectronic applications.
Validation of simultaneous analysis method for determination of aflatoxins in olive oil by high performance liquid chromatographyfluorescence detector

Vegetable oils, especially olive oil, are used as healthy fats in modern nutrition. The study aim was to optimize and validate a methodology for the simultaneous analysis of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in olive oil by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The procedure of the validation for the determination of aflatoxin B1, B 2 , G1 and G 2 in traditional olive oil was performed. The recovery of AF S (B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 ) in three spiking levels was in range of 84.45-109%. The repeatability of measurements, represented by the standard deviation (RSDr) was 8.11 %,8.05%, and 3.76 % at the spiking levels of 0.5ng/g, 2 ng/g and 6 ng/g,respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQs) and limit of detection (LOD)were 0.5ng/g and 0.16 ng/g. The results of validation parameters show that he procedure is suitable and simple for the determination of aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 in traditional olive oil and can be implemented for the routine analysis.
Splitting of the quantum Hall transition in disordered graphenes

Integer quantum Hall effect is studied for a non-interacting electron in a monolayer graphene. We calculate the Hall conductivity within a single Landau level in the presence of randomness in the bond couplings and in the on-site potential, and estimate the critical energies for the quantum Hall transition. We show that valley-degenerated (K and K′-points) Landau levels contain two displaced critical energies indicating that an extra Hall plateau appears inside, while the localization is found to be much stronger in the Landau level N = 0 than in N = 1.
Comparison study of semiquantitative test strips for detecting human serum albumin (HSA) in urine specimens

Background: Microalbuminuria (MAU) is a powerful predictive marker of early diabetic nephropathy, progressive cardiovascular disease in diabetic and hypertensive patients as well as in the general population. Methods: This study was designed to compare the diagnostic performance of the two semi-quantitative immunostrip tests for rapid detection of urinary albumin based on monoclonal antibody (mAb) conjugated with colloidal gold particles (AuNPs) (test A) and MCM-41 mesoporous nanoparticles conjugated with HSA (test B). The measurements of the analyte were compared with the values obtained by immunoturbidimetry (IT) assay (test C). Results: 30 randomly chose urine samples were analyzed by tests A, B and C. Resemble to the gold standard, 10 patients were normoalbuminuric, 18 were microalbuminuric and 2 were macroal-buminuric by test B. By comparison with IT, the immunostrip tests had a sensitivity of 90% and 100% for test A and B, respectively. False-negative results were yielded in 6.6% of specimens in the normoalbuminuric group, by using test A. No false-negative results occurred in the group of macroalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients by this test. The agreement degree of the test A and B was 86% which were classified as substantial with regard to Kappa index (κ=0.857). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the immunostrip test with MCM-41 is a very reliable method for detecting urine albumin in the range of 0 to >200mg/L. This test with sensitivity of 100% is easy to perform, low-cost and rapid as compared to other sophisticated tests which are time-consuming and expensive to perform.
Tackling the Volume Increase Problem of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries During Cycling

Lithium-sulfur cells are of big interest due to their high potential as a successor of Li-ion batteries. They have a signi cantly higher teoretical capacity than todays Lithium-ion batteries and have been of high interest for several years. However, they still su er from several problems, especially from poor cyclability. One of the reasons for the low cyclability is the large volume increase of the cathode during cycling. The volume expansion and contraction requires the cathode to withstand the induced forces. In this thesis the synthesis and use of helical carbon nano bers (HCNFs) as a potential exible cathode is explored. Due to the HCNFs very special shape, that reminds of a telephone cord, the cathode is believed to be able to "breath". HCNFs are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and activated with potassium hydroxide to increase the porosity. The electrodes are prepared by mixing elemental sulfur and HCNFs by a simple melt-di usion approach. The activation signi cantly increases the porosity of the HCNFs. The speci c capacity is highly increased in the activated HCNFs compared to the prestine HCNFs at low discharge rates. The capacity is almost twice as high in the activated HCNFs compared to activated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The activated HCNFs retain a speci c discharge capacity above 560 mAh/g over 50 cycles with a coulombic eciency of 97.0 %, which is similar to published results with straight nano bers.
Quantum Interference in the Field Ionization of Rydberg Atoms

We excite ultracold rubidium atoms in a magneto-optical trap to a coherent superposition of the three | m j | sublevels of the 37 d 5 / 2 Rydberg state. After some delay, during which the relative phases of the superposition components can evolve, we apply an electric ﬁeld pulse to ionize the Rydberg electron and send it to a detector. The electron traverses many avoided crossings in the Stark levels as it ionizes. The net effect of the transitions at these crossings is to mix the amplitudes of the initial superposition into the same ﬁnal states at ionization. Similar to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the three initial superposition components have multiple paths by which they can arrive at ionization and, since the phases of those paths differ, we observe quantum beats as a function of the delay time between excitation and initiation of the ionization pulse. We present a fully quantum-mechanical calculation of the electron’s path to ionization and the resulting interference pattern.
Towards understanding the structure of voids in the cosmic web

Our goal is to see how density waves of different scale combine to form voids between galaxy systems of various scale. We perform numerical simulations of structure formation in cubes of size 100 and 256 Mpc/h, with resolutions 256^3 and 512^3 particles and cells. To understand the role of density perturbations of various scale we cut power spectra at scales from 8 to 128 Mpc/h, using in all series identical initial random realisations. We find that small haloes and short filaments form all over the simulation box, if perturbations only up to scale 8 Mpc/h are present. The phenomenon of large multi-scale voids in the cosmic web requires the presence of an extended spectrum of primordial density perturbations. The void phenomenon is due to the action of two processes: the synchronisation of density perturbations of medium and large scales, and the suppression of galaxy formation in low-density regions by the combined action of negative sections of medium- and large-scale density perturbations, so that their densities are less than the mean density, and thus during the evolution their densities decrease.
Topological constraints on magnetostatic traps

We theoretically investigate properties of magnetostatic traps for cold atoms that are subject to externally applied uniform fields. We show that Ioffe-Pritchard traps and other stationary points of B are confined to a two-dimensional curved surface, or manifold M, defined by det({partial_derivative}B{sub i}/{partial_derivative}x{sub j})=0. We describe how stationary points can be moved over the manifold by applying external uniform fields. The manifold also plays an important role in the behavior of points of zero field. Field zeroes occur in two distinct types, in separate regions of space divided by the manifold. Pairs of zeroes of opposite type can be created or annihilated on the manifold. Finally, we give examples of the manifold for cases of practical interest.