Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum antibody responses after intradermal vaccination against influenza.

BACKGROUND If found to be safe and immunogenic, reduced doses of influenza vaccine given by the intradermal route could increase the number of available doses of vaccine. METHODS In an open-label study, we randomly assigned 119 subjects to receive an intradermal injection of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, containing 6 mug of hemagglutinin for each antigen (40 percent of the usual dose), and 119 to receive an intramuscular injection of the standard dose of 15 mug of hemagglutinin for each antigen. The two groups were subdivided according to age (18 to 60 years and older than 60 years). RESULTS Among subjects who were 18 to 60 years of age, serum antibody responses were vigorous and did not differ significantly between the intradermal and intramuscular groups, and all subjects had hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers of at least 1:40. Although the subjects who were older than 60 years of age also had a vigorous antibody response, there was a trend toward a better response in the intramuscular route, but this finding was significant only for antigen to the H3N2 strain. Nevertheless, 100 percent of older subjects in the intramuscular group and 93 percent of such subjects in the intradermal group had an HAI antibody titer to the H3N2 strain of more than 1:40, and 100 percent in each group had a titer of this level for both the H1N1 and B strains. Local pain was significantly more common in the intramuscular group than in the intradermal group among subjects who were 18 to 60 years of age but not among subjects who were over 60 years old. Signs of local inflammation were significantly more common among subjects in the intradermal group than among those in the intramuscular group, in both age groups. CONCLUSIONS As compared with an intramuscular injection of full-dose influenza vaccine, an intradermal injection of a reduced dose resulted in similarly vigorous antibody responses among persons 18 to 60 years of age but not among those over the age of 60 years.
Experimental tests of a superposition hypothesis to explain the relationship between the vestibuloocular reflex and smooth pursuit during horizontal combined eye-head tracking in humans.

1. We used a modeling approach to test the hypothesis that, in humans, the smooth pursuit (SP) system provides the primary signal for cancelling the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) during combined eye-head tracking (CEHT) of a target moving smoothly in the horizontal plane. Separate models for SP and the VOR were developed. The optimal values of parameters of the two models were calculated using measured responses of four subjects to trials of SP and the visually enhanced VOR. After optimal parameter values were specified, each model generated waveforms that accurately reflected the subjects' responses to SP and vestibular stimuli. The models were then combined into a CEHT model wherein the final eye movement command signal was generated as the linear summation of the signals from the SP and VOR pathways. 2. The SP-VOR superposition hypothesis was tested using two types of CEHT stimuli, both of which involved passive rotation of subjects in a vestibular chair. The first stimulus consisted of a "chair brake" or sudden stop of the subject's head during CEHT; the visual target continued to move. The second stimulus consisted of a sudden change from the visually enhanced VOR to CEHT ("delayed target onset" paradigm); as the vestibular chair rotated past the angular position of the stationary visual stimulus, the latter started to move in synchrony with the chair. Data collected during experiments that employed these stimuli were compared quantitatively with predictions made by the CEHT model. 3. During CEHT, when the chair was suddenly and unexpectedly stopped, the eye promptly began to move in the orbit to track the moving target. Initially, gaze velocity did not completely match target velocity, however; this finally occurred approximately 100 ms after the brake onset. The model did predict the prompt onset of eye-in-orbit motion after the brake, but it did not predict that gaze velocity would initially be only approximately 70% of target velocity. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that VOR gain can be dynamically modulated and, during sustained CEHT, it may assume a lower value. Consequently, during CEHT, a smaller-amplitude SP signal would be needed to cancel the lower-gain VOR. This reduction of the SP signal could account for the attenuated tracking response observed immediately after the brake. We found evidence for the dynamic modulation of VOR gain by noting differences in responses to the onset and offset of head rotation in trials of the visually enhanced VOR. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Blocked by HMGB 1 Released from Virus-Infected Cells

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Blocked by HMGB1 Released from Virus-Infected Cells Jong Ha Jung, Ji Hoon Park, Min Hyeok Jee, Sun Ju Keum, Min-Sun Cho, Seung Kew Yoon, and Sung Key Jang* PBC, Department of Life Science, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, WCU Program, and Biotechnology Research Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Department of Internal Medicine & WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Using theory to evaluate personality and job-performance relations: a socioanalytic perspective.

The authors used socioanalytic theory to understand individual differences in people's performance at work. Specifically, if predictors and criteria are aligned by using theory, then the meta-analytic validity of personality measures exceeds that of atheoretical approaches. As performance assessment moved from general to specific job criteria, all Big Five personality dimensions more precisely predicted relevant criterion variables, with estimated true validities of . 43 (Emotional Stability), . 35 (Extraversion-Ambition), . 34 (Agreeableness), . 36 (Conscientiousness), and . 34 (Intellect-Openness to Experience).
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF ADENOVIRUSES *

Adenoviruses have been isolated from numerous species of placental mammals, marsupials, birds, and amphibians. ', " The adenoviruses have the same general structure: an outer capsid with 240 nonvertex hexon capsomers (polypeptide 11), 12 vertex pentonbase capsomers (polypeptide I I I ) , one or two fiber vertex projections (polypeptide IV) , and four connecting proteins (polypeptides IIIa, VI, VIII, and IX). It has been proposed that polypeptide IIIa is located at the peripentonal region. whereas polypeptide VI forms the interior surface of the ~ a p s i d . ~ The DNA-protein core contains polypeptides V and VII, and the linear duplex DNA with a molecular weight of 21-25 megadaltons. Thirty-five different serotypes of human adenoviruses have been recognized:' The type-specific antigens that define the human adenovirus serotypes are localized on hexons and measured in neutralization tests. A different typespecific antigenic determinant. localized on the tip of the fiber, is detected by the hemagglutination-inhibition test. In addition to the recognized serotypes, serological intermediates are frequently encountered. " This indicates that a wide genetic variation is expressed within the group of human adenoviruses.
A low-power differential common-gate LNA

The conventional common-gate low-noise amplifier (CGLNA) exhibits a relatively high noise figure (NF) at low operating frequencies relative to the MOSFET fT, which has limited its adoption even though its superior linearity, input matching, and stability compared to the inductively degenerated (CS-LNA). The design of a low-power inductorless LNA using a capacitive cross-coupled (CCC) gm -boosting and a positive feedback schemes is described that improves the NF and retains the advantages of the CGLNA. The LNA designed in 0.13 mum CMOS shows more than 15 dB input return loss, maximum gain of 18.2 dB, NF of 2.86 dB, and the third-order input intercept point (IIP3) is 2 dB while dissipating 1.8 mA from 1.2 V supply.
Evidence‐based Review of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Chronic Kidney Disease Patient

Patients with end‐stage renal disease are more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) problems, including bleeding from upper and lower sources. Peptic ulcer disease is the most common cause of upper GI bleeding, and although there is some debate in the literature regarding whether the frequency of ulcer disease is higher in patients with kidney disease, it is well established that outcomes are worse in patients with compromised renal function. Angioectasias can be found throughout the GI tract and are another common cause of bleeding; management can be divided into localized endoscopic therapy and systemic hormonal treatment, or surgery for refractory cases. The most frequent causes of lower GI bleeding in this population, in addition to angioectasias, are diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, and ischemic colitis.
Optimistic Expectations and Financial Crises

I evaluate whether recessions accompanied by financial crises are different in a framework where pre crisis dynamics – especially debt burden – and expectations play a role in determining the magnitude of the recession. This is consistent with some empirical evidence. I model financial optimism as unrealised news on capital quality in a DSGE framework with financial intermediaries. I found that cycles associated with financial optimism differ from those caused by technological news: the former generate asset prices boom-bust cycles, stronger debt cycles and deterioration in banks’ net worth. Real variables respond in a similar qualitative way to unjustified optimism, whether it produces a financial crisis or not.
Airway management in Hurler's syndrome: A persistent challenge for anaesthesiologists

The difficulty in airway management of Hurler's syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I patients has been described as the worst. [1] These patients may develop serious complications under anaesthesia including airway obstruction leading to severe hypoxaemia, inability to ventilate or intubate and post-extubation problems. [2] Despite many potential benefits of using supraglottic devices for primary airway management in these patients over endotracheal tube (ETT) intubation, their usage has been limited. We at our centre decided to insert a Proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) in awake state in a patient of Hurler syndrome to circumvent the problem of the difficult airway.
New Horizons in DC Shipboard Power Systems: New fault protection strategies are essential to the adoption of dc power systems.

In the last decade, the increased performance, improving efficiency, and decreasing cost of electronic power converters have spurred the rediscovery and proliferation of dc power distribution systems. These are increasingly of interest for ships, where a dc grid has significant benefits, yet significant challenges must also be overcome before these systems can be widely adopted.
Three-port E-plane bifurcated waveguide power divider at millimeter-wave frequencies

The function of power divider is to divide to power from one input port into the divided power at multiple output ports, or to combine the power from multiple ports into the combined power at one output port. The goal of this study is to design a millimeter-wave power divider operating at the range from 32 GHz to 34 GHz. The return loss at each port and the isolation between from output ports are required to be greater than 15 dB. The insertion loss need to be less than 3.1 dB. The concept of E-plane bifurcated waveguide is proposed to implement this millimeter-wave power divider because of the concerns about operation at high-frequencies and high-power handling, capacity. A resistive film is placed inside the bifurcated waveguide in order to meet the specifications of the proposed power divider. In addition, impedance transformation is employed at output ports to convert the output waveguide to standard waveguide.
Mobilizing Bystanders of Cyberbullying: an Exploratory Study into Behavioural Determinants of Defending the Victim

This study explores behavioural determinants of defending behaviour in cyberbullying incidents. Three focus groups were conducted with youngsters aged 12-16 y. Major themes that were found as important behavioural determinants to defend the victim were a low moral disengagement, that the victim is an in-group member and that the bystander is popular. Bystanders preferred to handle cyberbullying offline and in person, and comforting the victim was considered more feasible than facing the bully. With a high peer acceptance of passive bystanding and lack of parental support for defending behaviour, youngsters do not receive much encouragement from their environment to exhibit defending behaviour towards victims. These preliminary results suggest befriending and peer support interventions hold promise, as well as environmental interventions with parents and teachers. These first results will need to be confirmed in more in-depth analyses and in quantitative research.
Killing two birds with one stone

Plants, being immobile, must adjust development in response to various stresses, external and internal. Although much has been learned about the mechanisms that regulate development and sugar signaling and response, how the two processes are coordinated is poorly understood. GRAS-family transcriptional regulators SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are crucial to radial patterning and stem-cell renewal in the Arabidopsis root. We found that they directly control genes involved not only in development but also in stress responses and that SCR is pivotal in modulating sugar homeostasis and response. Our data suggest that SHR and SCR promote root growth by suppressing the deleterious effects of stress and that ABI4 has a dual role in sugar response and root growth. Other transcriptional regulators have also been reported to play dual roles in plant growth and stress responses. I therefore propose that regulation of both development and stress responses by single transcriptional regulators is a general and efficient mechanism of adaptive response in plants.
Understanding the effect of social networks on user behaviors in community-driven knowledge services

Given the prevalence of community-driven knowledge services (CKSs) such as Yahoo! Answers and Naver Knowledge In, it has become important to understand the effect of social networks on user behaviors in CKS environments. CKSs allow various relationships between askers and answerers as well as among answerers. This study classifies social ties in CKSs into three kinds of ties: answering ties, co-answering ties, and getting answers ties. This study examines the influence of the structural and relational attributes of social networks on the quality of answers at CKSs for answering ties, co-answering ties, and getting answers ties. Data collected from the top-100 heavy users of Yahoo! Answers and of Naver Knowledge In are used to test the research model. The analysis results show that the centrality of the answering ties significantly influences the quality of answers while the average strength of the answering ties has an insignificant effect on the quality of answers. Interestingly, both the centrality and average strength of the co-answering ties negatively affect the quality of answers. Moreover, the centrality and average strength of getting answers ties do not significantly influence the quality of answers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construct Validity of Parent Ratings of Inhibitory Control

Recent literature has emphasized the need to examine executive functions (EF) in children using multiple sources, including both parent rating and performance-based measures. Computerized Go/No-Go tests, including commercially available continuous performance tests (CPTs), represent one of the most commonly used methods of assessing inhibitory control—a variable central to the executive function construct. We examined the relationship between parent ratings of inhibitory control and CPT performance in two mixed clinical samples. Experiment 1 examined 109 children ages 6–18 using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2000) and the Conners' CPT-II (Conners, 2000). In this sample, ratings on the BRIEF Inhibit scale (mean T-score = 62.3) were significantly higher than the CPT-II commissions score (mean T-score = 50.7; p < .0001); and the BRIEF and CPT-II scores were not highly correlated (r = − .12). Experiment 2 examined a sample of 131 children ages 7–18 using the BRIEF and the Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA; Greenberg, 1996). In this sample, parent ratings on the BRIEF Inhibit scale (mean T-score = 56.8) were similar to TOVA commissions scores (mean T-score = 58.6; p = .33), although still poorly correlated (r = −.02). Factor analyses exploring covariance between BRIEF scales CPT-II variables (Experiment 1) and between BRIEF and TOVA (Experiment 2) yielded similar findings. In both experiments, all eight BRIEF scales loaded on a single factor, with no overlap with either the CPT-II or the TOVA. In mixed outpatient clinical samples, the BRIEF appears to measure different elements of inhibitory control than those assessed by computerized continuous performance tests.
The Molecular Basis of Anisotropy: Role of Gap Junctions

Role of Gap Junctions in Anisotropic Conduction. Electrical activation of the heart requires transfer of current from one discrete cardiac myocyte to another, a process that occurs at gap junctions. Recent advances in knowledge have established that, like most differentiated cells, individual cardiac myocytes express multiple gap junction channel proteins that are members of a multigene family of channel proteins called connexins. These proteins form channels with unique biophysical properties. Furthermore, functionally distinct cardiac tissues such as the nodes and bundles of the conduction system and atrial and ventricular muscle express different combinations of connexins. Myocytes in these tissues are interconnected by gap junctions that differ in a tissue‐specific manner in terms of their number, size, and three‐dimensional distribution. These observations suggest that both molecular and structural aspects of gap junctions are critical determinants of the anisotropic conduction properties of different cardiac tissues. Expression of multiple connexins also creates the possibility that “hybrid” channels composed of more than one connexin protein type can form, thus greatly increasing the potential for fine control of intercellular ion flow and communication within the heart.
Trail Impact Management Related to Vegetation Response in Termessos National Park, in Turkish Mediterranean

Recreation is a pleasant activity that people realize as function of enjoyment, relaxation and refreshment. Protected natural areas around the world are established and managed to accommodate visitor access and recreation while protecting natural and cultural resources from degradation (Wimpey & Marion, 2011). At the same time, recreation settings alone often include natural areas with special ecological, biological or cultural significance. Therefore recreational impacts on natural areas have become a fundamental concern.
Erratum to "Retinal Vessel Centerline Extraction Using Multiscale Matched Filters, Confidence and Edge Measures"

In order to detect vessels at a variety of widths, we apply the matched filter at multiple scales (i.e., compute for multiple values and then combine the responses across scales). Unfortunately, the output amplitudes of spatial operators such as derivatives or matched filters generally decrease with increasing scale. To compensate for this effect, Lindeberg introduced gamma-normalized derivatives. We use this notion to define a gamma-normalized matched filter,
Competition Networks and Topology Characterization

In the field of network science, current primary interest is collaboration relationships. Differently, this paper focuses on the competition networks that are constructed on the basis of the competition behaviors. The topology of a firm competition network has been investigated empirically and theoretically. The obtained results are significant for further network analysis of the omnipresent competitive phenomena.
Lrig1 is a cell‐intrinsic modulator of hippocampal dendrite complexity and BDNF signaling

Even though many extracellular factors have been identified as promoters of general dendritic growth and branching, little is known about the cell‐intrinsic modulators that allow neurons to sculpt distinctive patterns of dendrite arborization. Here, we identify Lrig1, a nervous system‐enriched LRR protein, as a key physiological regulator of dendrite complexity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Lrig1‐deficient mice display morphological changes in proximal dendrite arborization and defects in social interaction. Specifically, knockdown of Lrig1 enhances both primary dendrite formation and proximal dendritic branching of hippocampal neurons, two phenotypes that resemble the effect of BDNF on these neurons. In addition, we show that Lrig1 physically interacts with TrkB and attenuates BDNF signaling. Gain and loss of function assays indicate that Lrig1 restricts BDNF‐induced dendrite morphology. Together, our findings reveal a novel and essential role of Lrig1 in regulating morphogenic events that shape the hippocampal circuits and establish that the assembly of TrkB with Lrig1 represents a key mechanism for understanding how specific neuronal populations expand the repertoire of responses to BDNF during brain development.
INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT STRESS ON SWEETPOTATO RESISTANCE TO SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL, CYLAS FORMICARIUS (COLEOPTERA: APOINIDAE), AND STORAGE ROOT CHEMISTRY

Abstract The effect of drought stress on the resistance of sweetpotato roots to sweetpotato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius (Fab.), was studied in 1997 and 1998 in two genotypes (“Beauregard” and “Excel”) with different SPW susceptibility. Storage roots produced under drought or normal conditions were tested for adult feeding, oviposition, larval survival and pupal weight in the laboratory under no-choice and free-choice test conditions. The levels of sweetpotato resin glycoside and caffeic acid in the periderm tissue of the roots were also determined. Drought-stressed roots received significantly more SPW eggs under no-choice and free-choice conditions and more feeding punctures under free-choice conditions than non-stressed roots in 1997. Larval survival rate was significantly lower on drought-stressed roots. A significant drought effect on feeding, oviposition and larval survival was absent in 1998. Drought stress had no effect on sweetpotato resin glycosides content in both years, but significantly reduced the content of caffeic acid in 1997. Genotype had a significant effect on SPW feeding in 1997 and on feeding and oviposition in 1998 under free-choice test conditions, where Beauregard was preferred for both feeding and oviposition. Beauregard also supported a significantly higher larval survival rate compared with Excel. Resin glycosides or caffeic acid contents were similar for the two genotypes in 1997, while higher level of resin glycosides was detected in Excel than in Beauregard in 1998. The interaction between drought stress and genotype was significant for adult feeding under free-choice conditions and for larval survival, indicating a different response between the two genotypes.