Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proceedings: Immune Tolerance and Stem Cell Transplantation: A CIRM Mini‐Symposium and Workshop Report

The mission of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) is to accelerate stem cell treatments to patients with unmet medical needs. Immune rejection is one hurdle that stem cell therapies must overcome to achieve a durable and effective therapeutic benefit. In July 2014, CIRM convened a group of clinical investigators developing stem cell therapeutics, immunologists, and transplantation biologists to consider strategies to address this challenge. Workshop participants discussed current approaches for countering immune rejection in the context of organ transplant and cellular therapy and defined the risks, challenges, and opportunities for adapting them to the development of stem cell‐based therapeutics. This effort led to the development of a Roadmap to Tolerance for allogeneic stem cell therapy, with four fundamental steps: (a) the need to identify “tolerance‐permissive” immune‐suppressive regimens to enable the eventual transition from current, drug‐based approaches to a newer generation of technologies for inducing tolerance; (b) testing new biologics and small molecules for inducing tolerance in stem cell‐based preclinical and clinical studies; (c) stimulation of efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches to induce central and peripheral tolerance, including manipulation of the thymus, transplantation of purified stem cells, and cell therapy with T‐regulatory cells; and (d) development of robust and sensitive immune monitoring technologies for identifying biomarkers of tolerance and rejection after allogeneic stem cell treatments in the clinical setting.
Annotation: attachment disorganisation and psychopathology: new findings in attachment research and their potential implications for developmental psychopathology in childhood.

BACKGROUND The past 10 years have seen a fruitful line of enquiry building on identification of previously unclassifiable patterns of infant-mother interaction. A critical review of these new findings in attachment theory, highlighting their potential relevance to child psychopathology, is presented. METHOD Selective literature review relating to disorganised attachment in childhood. RESULTS Disorganised patterns of attachment have only relatively recently been described. They show characteristic patterns of evolution in development. There is evidence that disorganised attachments are associated with specific forms of distorted parenting, which are distinct from general parental insensitivity and are associated with unresolved loss or trauma in the caregiver. There are also links with aspects of neurodevelopment vulnerability in the child. Attachment disorganisation is a powerful predictor of a range of later social and cognitive difficulties and psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS The identification of disorganised attachment has greatly increased the potential relevance of attachment theory to general clinical work. However, the concept raises many methodological and theoretical issues. Among issues needing further exploration is the way in which attachment disorganisation relates to children's general mental states and may be affected by cognitive functioning and developmental impairment.
Rebound, Applanation, and Dynamic Contour Tonometry in Pathologic Corneas

Purpose: To compare the practicability of using an Icare rebound tonometer (RT) versus a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) or a Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with corneal abnormalities and, furthermore, to study the influence of central corneal thickness, corneal diameter, corneal radius, and axial length. Methods: One hundred seventy-one pathologic eyes with corneal abnormalities and 26 nonpathologic control eyes of 99 patients were included. Pathologic corneas were divided into subgroups: previous keratoplasty, keratoconus, corneal scars, corneal dystrophies, and bullous keratopathy. Results: Although IOP was successfully measured using the RT in all pathologic eyes, successful measurement of IOP was only possible in 98.2% when using the GAT and in 73.1% with the DCT. Mean IOP for all enrolled eyes was 12.7 ± 4.1 mm Hg for RT, 15.5 ± 4.4 mm Hg for GAT, and 16.3 ± 4.1 mm Hg for DCT. The mean difference between RT and GAT was ⩽1 mm Hg (⩽2 mm Hg) [⩽3 mm Hg] in 23.4% (41.8%) [62.0%] of cases. Correlation analysis showed a moderate correlation between RT and GAT (r = 0.566; P < 0.001) and between RT and DCT (r = 0.364; P < 0.001). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a bias between RT and GAT and between RT and DCT of −2.8 and −3.8 mm Hg, with limits of agreement of −10.5 to 4.9 mm Hg and −12.2 to 4.6 mm Hg, respectively. Conclusion: In pathologic corneas, IOP was difficult to obtain with GAT and DCT, whereas RT was able to determine IOP in all pathologic corneas. RT significantly underestimated IOP in all groups in relation to GAT and DCT. The agreement between the methods was clinically acceptable in corneal dystrophy and keratoconus but poor in eyes after keratoplasty.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF INTERLEAVED NON-INVERTING BUCK BOOST CONVERTER FOR PV MODULE

With the increasing focus on renewable energy especially solar energy, there is an ever increasing demand for cost effective and more efficient buck boost converters. This study presents the analysis and control design techniques for a Non Inverting Buck Boost Converter with Interleaved technique. The converter has been then integrated with a PhotoVoltaic (PV) module with varying output voltage to give fixed 24V DC converter output. The performance of the specified buck boost converter has been compared with conventional converters like Cuk and SEPIC converters.
Automated Support for Older Adult Accessibility of E-Government Web Sites

The NSF-funded research described in this paper focuses on the development of automated software tools for improving Web accessibility for older adults. The Web offers great promise for immediate access to government information and resources that might not otherwise be available. Yet, there are design and information content barriers to the use of these Web sites making them virtually inaccessible to many older users. As such, automated support is essential for improving the accessibility of government Web sites by minimizing the cost and resources required to modify them. This paper describes some of the issues associated with Web accessibility for older adults and the proposed software solutions for addressing them.
HEREDITARY FAMILIAL CONGENITAL HAEMORRHAGIC NEPHRITIS

detachable face. After crushing the stomach, amputating, aind removing these faces, a fringe of crushed tissue projects which can be' sutured with great facility, and in almost perfect asepsis. The clamp is used as follows. After dividing the duodenum and freeing the stomach the clamp is so applied as to allow of the removal of the ulcer with a minimum of stomach. The rejected tissue is now cut away, and the fringe of tissue in the clamp is totched with-pbre earbolici. ThefroVit plates of the clamp' are removed, the upper two-thirds of the -erushed tissue edge is -suteid,; andthe lowerthird is c&ught in forceps. The clamlp is removed anid the suture liine is invaginated. A loop of the jejunum is now brought up to the stomach and attached all along the suture line, whilst an anastomotic opening is formed in the usual way between the jejunum and the.portion of the stomach stump held in the forceps. (See Fig. VII.) The operation has the advantages that it is very tidy and clean, that very little stomach need be removed, that the alignment of the jejunum along the suture line prevents this from leakage, and protects the jejunum from kinking, and that the outlet from the stomach is reduced to dimensions approaching the normal. On the other hand, the dotted line shows how the same method can be applied to the most extensive gastrectomy for carcinoma. The operation is followed by a convalescence remarkable for its smoothness, anid so far the after-results have been unexceptionable.
A Deep Story of the Czech: The Social Meanings of Roma in Czech Society

Tato prace zkouma předsudky k Romske komunitě v kontextu Ceske Republiky za pomoci konceptu Deep Story, vytvořeneho americkou socioložkou Arlie Russell Hochschildovou v jeji knize Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right. Cilem teto prace je vyplnit mezeru v dosavadni literatuře tim, že poskytne vhled do perspektivy „běžneho“ Cecha a jeho pohledu na stereotypizaci Romske komunity. Ve ctyřech castech prvně představim tento specifický fenomen pro Ceskou Republiku skrze nedavne výzkumy týkajicich se Romů a předsudků proti nim. Dale budu take elaborovat nad tim, proc neni Rom typickým ceským obcanem a take kdo je to ten běžný Cech. Druha cast se bude zabývat metodologii za timto výzkumem a použitými metodami, ktere vedly k vytvořeni ceskeho Deep Story. Take zde představim Deep Story od Hochschildove, ktere budu kontrastovat s ceským Deep Story a kde prozkoumam jejich podobnosti a rozdily vzhledem k Ceske Republice a Spojeným statům americkým. Ve třeti casti je pak samotne ceske Deep Story, ktere je pak na zavěr ve ctvrte casti rozebrano podrobněji, vcetně jeho dalsiho možneho využiti.
Characterization of pilocarpine‐loaded chitosan/Carbopol nanoparticles

Patients using ophthalmic drops are faced with frequent dosing schedules and difficult drop instillation. Therefore, a long‐lasting pilocarpine‐loaded chitosan (CS)/Carbopol nanoparticle ophthalmic formulation was developed. The physicochemical properties of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated using dynamic light scattering, zeta‐potential, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared ray spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The sustained‐release effects of pilocarpine‐loaded nanoparticles were evaluated using in‐vitro release and in‐vivo miotic tests, and compared with pilocarpine in solution, gel and liposomes. We found that the prepared nanoparticles were about 294 nm in size. DSC and FT‐IR studies suggested that an electrostatic interaction between CS and Carbopol contributes at least in part to the stabilization of pilocarpine/CS/Carbopol nanoparticles. When compared with pilocarpine in solution, gel or liposomes, the best slow‐release profile of pilocarpine from the prepared nanoparticles occurred in a dissolution test. In the in‐vivo miotic study, pilocarpine‐loaded CS/Carbopol nanoparticles showed the most significant long‐lasting decrease in the pupil diameter of rabbits. The advantages of CS and Carbopol are good biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. CS is also a mucoadhesive polymer. Thus, pilocarpine/CS/Carbopol nanoparticles may provide an excellent potential alternative ophthalmic sustained‐release formulation of pilocarpine for clinical use. CS/Carbopol nanoparticles may also be useful for a variety of other therapeutic delivery systems.
OBIRS-feedback, une méthode de reformulation utilisant une ontologie de domaine

The lack of accuracy of an information retrieval system (IRS) may be due to an inadequate formulation of user's queries. Reformulation or query expansion is a possible solution to this problem. In this paper, we introduce a reformulation method based upon a domain ontology. This conceptual relevance feedback method uses a set of documents a user has deemed relevant to search a set of concepts that maximizes IRS performances. Those performances are assessed in an original way, using indicators that are formalized. This method has been evaluated using our environment OBIRS (Ontology Based Information Retrieval System) as base system, MeSH as domain ontology and MuCHMORE as a test collection. MOTS-CLES: Reformulation de requete, ontologie, Systemes de Recherche d'Information, requetes conceptuelles, expansion de requetes.
Specification of the Central Noradrenergic Phenotype by the Homeobox Gene Phox2b


The closely related homeobox genes Phox2a and Phox2b are expressed in all central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons. Our previous results have shown that Phox2a controls the differentiation of the main noradrenergic center of the brain, the locus coeruleus, but leaves unaffected the other noradrenergic centers. Here, we report that Phox2b has a wider and overlapping role, in that it is required for the differentiation of all noradrenergic centers in the brain, including the locus coeruleus. Together with the previously reported lack of dopamine-b-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the peripheral nervous system of Phox2b knock-out embryos, our present findings make Phox2b a master regulator of all central and peripheral noradrenergic differentiation. We discuss the nonredundancy of Phox2 genes and their complex partnership with the bHLH transcription factor Mash1, which is also required for the differentiation of most noradrenergic cell types.
Effect of Manual Lymph Drainage Massage on Urinary Excretion of Neurohormones and Minerals in Chronic Lymphedema

Treatment of 29 cases of chronic lymphedema of various origins, mostly of the lower limbs, by manual lymph drainage massage resulted in significant changes of neurohormone excretion in the urine, whereas the secretion of 17-KS, thyroxine, minerals, and creatinine was not significantly changed. Comparison of the values of urinalysis before and after manual lymph drainage of the patients showed the following changes: 17-KS; -3.5% (non significant); 17-OH: -31% (significant); adrenaline: +50% (significant); noradrenaline: +19% (significant); serotonin: -22% (significant); 5-HIAA: +21% (significant); histamine: +129% (highly significant); thyroxine: -17% (nonsignificant); creatinine: -17% (nonsignificant); sodium: -1% (nonsignificant); potassium: -14% (nonsignificant). The corresponding values for ten controls were all non significant. These findings underline the importance of adrenaline and noradrenaline release by manual lymph drainage, which improves circulation. On the other hand, our results indicate the involvement of histamine and perhaps of serotonin in lymphedema formation, and suggest a combination of manual lymph drainage massage with antihistamine and antiserotonin treatment.
Pay equity in the Australian public sector

ABSTRACT Pay equity in the Australian public sector Christine ShortCurtin University and Ofﬁ ce of the Commissioner for Public Employment This paper argues that much of the persistent pay inequity evident in Australia can be found in the public sector. Governments continue to resist paying their employees equitably. This was evident from when equal pay for work of equal value was introduced, and again in the 1980s when the public service unions fought the Federal Government to make sure female-dominated professions were in the same job evaluation and classiﬁ cation system as male-dominated professions. However, while job evaluation was aimed at ensuring equity, it was not the panacea anticipated and other problems to do with monopsonistic forces enable governments to continue to pay female-dominated occupations less than their male counterparts. As wage case studies from a (shortly to be submitted) thesis (Short unpublished) show, enterprise bargaining only worsened these problems when agency level bargaining occurred and agencies were very male- or female-dominated.
Effects of vitamin B6 on beta-aminoproprionitrile-induced palatal cleft formation in the rat.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of beta-aminoproprionitrile and vitamin B6 on palatal clefting. METHOD In four groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN; 600 mg/kg b.w.) was given by gavage on embryonal day 15, 7 hours to induce palatal clefts. Vitamin B6 (10 mg/kg b.w., IM) was given twice on embryonal day 14, 7 hours and on day 15, 7 hours. The possibility that the food's content of vitamin B6 affected the results was also tested. Palatal cleft formation was divided into four different grades, ranging from no cleft formation to total cleft formation. RESULTS/CONCLUSION It was found that BAPN induces cleft palate in rat fetuses and that this defect can be prevented both in number and severity by administration of vitamin B6 before and simultaneously with BAPN.
Potential for creatine and other therapies targeting cellular energy dysfunction in neurological disorders

Substantial evidence indicates that bioenergetic dysfunction plays either a primary or secondary role in the pathophysiology of cell death in neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders, and even in normal aging. Agents that ameliorate bioenergetic defects may therefore be useful in therapy. Creatine, which increases muscle and brain phosphocreatine concentrations, and may inhibit the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition, protects against neuronal degeneration in transgenic murine models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease and in chemically mediated neurotoxicity. Initial studies of creatine use in humans appear promising; however, further long‐term, well‐designed trials are needed. Coenzyme Q10, Gingko biloba, nicotinamide, riboflavin, carnitine, lipoic acid, and dichloroacetate are other agents which may have beneficial effects on energy metabolism, but the preclinical and clinical evidence for efficacy in neurological diseases remains limited. These compounds are widely used as dietary supplements; however, they must be subjected to rigorous evaluation through randomized, double‐blinded trials to establish efficacy, cost‐effectiveness and safety in neurological disorders.
Excited state absorption in the Si nanocluster-Er material system

The issue of Er/sup 3+/ excited state absorption in the Si nanocluster-Er material system is highlighted, and an analysis incorporating this interaction presented. We compare our analysis with a prior model of this material, and with regard to previously reported photoluminescence behavior. We show that excited state absorption can explain behavior that has previously been observed, but had not been satisfactorily accounted for.
Mechanism of Pricing Dynamically for Web Services

To promote application of web services in streamlining business-to-business or enterprise application integration, many researches on web services architecture, composition, and security have been done. However, pricing mechanism is necessary for commercialism of web services. Taking quality of service (QoS) and user experience into account, a QoS-driven dynamic web services pricing mechanism is put up in the paper, which makes services price vary dynamically with corresponding factors. Based on the mechanism, a simple prototype is developed. And then its architecture and pricing process is described. Experiments show that the web services pricing model works well and makes service price more reasonable and precise.
Two input systems for body representations in the primate striatal matrix: experimental evidence in the squirrel monkey

The striatum is important in basal ganglia motor control and movement disorders. In this study we demonstrate the existence of two distinct sensorimotor cortical input systems to the striatum of the squirrel monkey. The first is a group of discrete zones in the extrastriosomal matrix of the putamen (“matrisomes”) that receive somatotopically organized projections from both the body map in ipsilateral primary motor cortex (MI) and maps in ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI). The second system is a group of matrisomes in largely different locations that receive somatotopically organized inputs from contralateral MI but not SI. Intracortical microstimulation and multiunit recording were used to guide deposits of multiple anterograde tracers in MI and SI. Striosome/matrix architecture was demonstrated by enkephalin immunohistochemistry. We found that inputs from regions of ipsilateral MI and SI that represented the same body parts sent projections to the same matrisomes of the ipsilateral putamen. Contralateral MI sent its strongest inputs to matrisomes that tended to interdigitate with those receiving inputs from ipsilateral SI and MI, except the contralateral MI face region, which sent projections that overlapped those from the ipsilateral MI face region. MI regions representing axial body parts (trunk and face) sent stronger representations to the contralateral putamen than did those representing distal parts (hand and foot). SI sent no contralateral projection. Thus, with the exception of the face representation, inputs from contralateral and ipsilateral body representations may alternate in the primate striatal matrix, an arrangement reminiscent of the alternating ocular dominance columns in visual cortex. Ipsilateral SI and MI and contralateral MI all innervated matrisomes intermingled with striosomes and with matrisomes not receiving sensorimotor cortical input. The patchiness of these maps is thus unlike the smoother somatotopic maps of sensorimotor cortex, and is also unlike the fractured somatotopy reported for the cerebellum.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of infliximab plus methotrexate for the treatment of polyarticular-course juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of infliximab in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). METHODS This was an international, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. One hundred twenty-two children with persistent polyarticular JRA despite prior methotrexate (MTX) therapy were randomized to receive infliximab or placebo for 14 weeks, after which all children received infliximab through week 44. Patients received MTX plus infliximab 3 mg/kg through week 44, or MTX plus placebo for 14 weeks followed by MTX plus infliximab 6 mg/kg through week 44. RESULTS Although a higher proportion of patients in the 3 mg/kg infliximab group than in the placebo group had achieved responses according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pediatric 30 (Pedi 30) criteria for improvement at week 14 (63.8% and 49.2%, respectively), the between-group difference in this primary efficacy end point was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). By week 16, after the crossover from placebo to infliximab 6 mg/kg when all patients were receiving infliximab, an ACR Pedi 30 response was achieved in 73.2% of all patients. By week 52, ACR Pedi 50 and ACR Pedi 70 responses had been reached in 69.6% and 51.8%, respectively, of patients. Infliximab was generally well tolerated, but the safety profile of infliximab 3 mg/kg appeared less favorable than that of infliximab 6 mg/kg, with more frequent occurrences of serious adverse events, infusion reactions, antibodies to infliximab, and newly induced antinuclear antibodies and antibodies to double-stranded DNA observed with the 3 mg/kg dose. CONCLUSION While infliximab at 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg showed durable efficacy at 1 year, achievement of the primary efficacy end point at 3 months did not differ significantly between infliximab-treated and placebo-treated patients. Safety data indicated that the 6-mg/kg dose may provide a more favorable risk/benefit profile. These results warrant further investigation in children with JRA.
Localized sparsifying preconditioner for periodic indefinite systems

This paper introduces the localized sparsifying preconditioner for the pseudospectral approximations of indefinite systems on periodic structures. The work is built on top of the recently proposed sparsifying preconditioner with two major modifications. First, the local potential information is utilized to improve the accuracy of the preconditioner. Second, an FFT based method to compute the local stencil is proposed to reduce the setup time of the algorithm. Numerical results show that the iteration number of this improved method grows only mildly as the problem size grows, which implies that solving pseudospectral approximation systems is computationally as efficient as solving sparse systems, up to a mildly growing factor.