Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensibilidad in vifro de Cepas' obtenidas ;de pacientes hospitalizados a Meropenem y otros antibióticos

Las bacterias multirresistentes producen con mayor frecuencia infecciones severas, tanto en pacientes hospitalizados, como en la comunidad. Meropenem es un carbapenem, recientemente disponible en nuestro medio. Objetivos: 1. Evaluar la sensibilidad a meropenem de cepas obtenidas de pacientes hospitalizados en distintos centros del pais; y 2. Compararla con la de otros antibioticos de uso frecuente. Metodos: 1. Se incluyeron unicamente cepas aerobias obtenidas de pacientes hospitalizados. 2. Prueba de sensibilidad in vitro por difusion de disco en agar (NCCLS). 3. Analisis comparativo de porcentajes de sensibilidad. Resultados: Participaron 8 centros de 3 ciudades. Se recolectaron 802 cepas aerobias (24.9% G+). Los principales resultados fueron (% sens)
Resveratrol Induces Expression of Metabolic and Antioxidant Machinery and Protects Tilapia under Cold Stress

Exposures to low ambient temperature require ectothermic fish to not only adjust their metabolic machinery but also to mount protective responses against oxidative stress. In this study, we tested whether diets supplemented with resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring polyphenol known to stimulate metabolic and protective responses in various animals, would be beneficial to tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) under hypothermic challenge. Feeding tilapia with RSV-supplemented diet promoted liver expression of sirtuins and their known targets, including metabolic/antioxidative enzymes. After exposure to 15 °C cold conditions for three days, the oxygen–nitrogen (O:N) ratio was decreased in the control-diet-fed tilapia but not in their RSV-fed counterparts. Moreover, at 27 °C, RSV-fed tilapia showed significantly higher prolonged swim speed compared with controls. RSV feeding produced no significant effect on upper and bottom layer preference between the control- and RSV-treated tilapia at either 27 °C or 15 °C. Together, these findings suggest that RSV stimulates beneficial metabolic/antioxidative adjustments in teleosts and may serve as a valuable feed supplement for tropical fish exposed to cold stress during winter.
Structure and expression of human thrombomodulin, a thrombin receptor on endothelium acting as a cofactor for protein C activation.

We have deduced the entire 575‐amino acid sequence of the human thrombomodulin precursor from cDNA clones. The precursor starts with an 18‐residue signal peptide domain, followed by the NH2‐terminal domain, a domain with six epidermal growth factor‐like structures, an O‐glycosylation site‐rich domain, a 24‐residue transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. Simian COS cells transfected with the expression vector pSV2 containing thrombomodulin cDNA synthesized immunoreactive and functionally active thrombomodulin.
Exposure of Stored Packed Erythrocytes to Nitric Oxide Prevents Transfusion-associated Pulmonary Hypertension

Background:Transfusion of packed erythrocytes stored for a long duration is associated with increased pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance. Prolonged storage decreases erythrocyte deformability, and older erythrocytes are rapidly removed from the circulation after transfusion. The authors studied whether treating stored packed ovine erythrocytes with NO before transfusion could prevent pulmonary vasoconstriction, enhance erythrocyte deformability, and prolong erythrocyte survival after transfusion. Methods:Ovine leukoreduced packed erythrocytes were treated before transfusion with either NO gas or a short-lived NO donor. Sheep were transfused with autologous packed erythrocytes, which were stored at 4°C for either 2 (“fresh blood”) or 40 days (“stored blood”). Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic parameters were monitored before, during, and after transfusion. Transfused erythrocytes were labeled with biotin to measure their circulating lifespan. Erythrocyte deformability was assessed before and after NO treatment using a microfluidic device. Results:NO treatment improved the deformability of stored erythrocytes and increased the number of stored erythrocytes circulating at 1 and 24 h after transfusion. NO treatment prevented transfusion-associated pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure at 30 min of 21 ± 1 vs. 15 ± 1 mmHg in control and NO–treated packed erythrocytes, P < 0.0001). Washing stored packed erythrocytes before transfusion did not prevent pulmonary hypertension. Conclusions:NO treatment of stored packed erythrocytes before transfusion oxidizes cell-free oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin, prevents subsequent NO scavenging in the pulmonary vasculature, and limits pulmonary hypertension. NO treatment increases erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte survival after transfusion. NO treatment might provide a promising therapeutic approach to prevent pulmonary hypertension and extend erythrocyte survival.
Coordination of a Dual-Channel Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Based on the Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible Epidemic Model

With the continuous development of Internet, online pharmaceutical channels in many countries have seen rapid expansion. As a result, pharmaceutical supply chain participants can adopt dual channels, namely, both online channels and offline channels. As online channels compete with traditional offline channels, it is of great relevance to study the potential conflicts and coordination between them, which is the focus of this paper. Specifically, this article develops a susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemic model of the dual channels for a pharmaceutical supply chain. Our main findings are that in a competitive situation, there is a positive stable equilibrium. Furthermore, increasing the rate of influence of offline transmission, online transmission, and cross transmission will improve sales. Moreover, improving the transmission influence rate will turn more potential customers into purchasers, increase channel sales, and achieve dual channel coordination. We then conduct numerical analysis to illustrate and complement the findings from the model. Finally, we provide managerial insights for implementing successful dual-channel pharmaceutical supply chains.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exhibits Sliding Motility in the Absence of Type IV Pili and Flagella

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits swarming motility on 0.5 to 1% agar plates in the presence of specific carbon and nitrogen sources. We have found that PAO1 double mutants expressing neither flagella nor type IV pili (fliC pilA) display sliding motility under the same conditions. Sliding motility was inhibited when type IV pilus expression was restored; like swarming motility, it also decreased in the absence of rhamnolipid surfactant production. Transposon insertions in gacA and gacS increased sliding motility and restored tendril formation to spreading colonies, while transposon insertions in retS abolished motility. These changes in motility were not accompanied by detectable changes in rhamnolipid surfactant production or by the appearance of bacterial surface structures that might power sliding motility. We propose that P. aeruginosa requires flagella during swarming to overcome adhesive interactions mediated by type IV pili. The apparent dependence of sliding motility on environmental cues and regulatory pathways that also affect swarming motility suggests that both forms of motility are influenced by similar cohesive factors that restrict translocation, as well as by dispersive factors that facilitate spreading. Studies of sliding motility may be particularly well-suited for identifying factors other than pili and flagella that affect community behaviors of P. aeruginosa.
Infant feeding and HIV study does not support Minerva's view

EDITOR—Minerva's report of the study by Nduati et al into HIV and infant feeding quotes figures for babies alive and free of infection with HIV-1 at two years.1 One striking finding was the lack of overall difference in infant mortality between the two trial arms despite a higher level of HIV transmission in the breast fed arm, implying a trade off between mortality related to HIV and artificial feeding. A review of the risks of not breast feeding found that infants not breast fed …
Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance and pancreatic adaptive response in aging rats are not modified by oral vanadyl sulfate treatment.

OBJECTIVE To explore the adaptive response of the endocrine pancreas in vivo and in vitro and the possible beneficial effect of the insulino-mimetic agent vanadyl sulfate (VOSO(4)), using glucocorticoid treatment to increase insulin resistance, in aging rats. DESIGN AND METHODS Dexamethasone (Dex) (0.13 mg/kg b.w.) was administered daily for 13 days to 3- and 18-month old Sprague-Dawley rats and oral VOSO(4) was given from the 5th day. Plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations were measured during these treatments and the insulin secretory response of the isolated perfused pancreas was assessed at the end of the experiment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In both young and aging rats, particularly in the latter, hyperinsulinemia and increased in vitro insulin responsiveness to glucose were observed in response to Dex treatment, concomitant with an increase in plasma FFA concentrations. Thus, in glucocorticoid-treated animals, the beta-cell adaptive response occurred in both age groups and could possibly be mediated by increased circulating FFA; however, it was insufficient to prevent hyperglycemia in 60% of aging animals. Oral VOSO(4) administration failed to correct Dex-induced alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, although it influenced in vitro beta-cell responsiveness to stimuli in aging rats.
Orthodontic management of missing maxillary lateral incisors : a systematic review

Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor often present a significant clinical challenge for orthodontists because, in a number of cases, the treatment duration is prolonged and the treatment outcome may be compromised. The aim of this article is to outline some of the traits of the multidisciplinary management of agenesis of maxillary laeral incisors proposed in literature with an emphasis on orthodontic treatment. Absence of the maxillary lateral incisor creates an aesthetic problem which can be dealt with in various ways. The condition requires careful treatment planning, evaluation of the options and outcomes following either space closure or prosthetic replacement. Furthermore, deantal agenesis carries an aesthetic, functional, psychosocial, and financial burden for affected individuals. Considering all these points it is crucial to intercept maxillary lateral incisors agenesis as early as possible by the clinicians, in order to establish proper therapy. The diagnosis of this condition consists of clinical examination associated with radiographic examination. Treatment of patients with unilateral or bilateral lateral incisors agenesis must be multidisciplinary, involving the interplay of Orthodontics, and a number of clinicians like Restorative Dentistry, Implantology and Prosthodontics. Â
Carcinoma cheek: regional pattern and management.

BACKGROUND Oral cancer varies globally and regionally, and is closely linked with geographical, social, economical, biological, ethnic, dietary and environmental factors. In western countries it accounts for about 2-5% while in the south-east Asia for about 40% of all cancers. In Pakistan it is second commonest tumour after bronchogenic carcinoma in males and breast carcinoma in females. The objectives of this study were to find out the pattern of carcinoma cheek in our region, its etiological associations, management and prognosis. This study was conducted in the Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department of Civil Hospital, Karachi from April 1995 to December 1998. It was prospective study. METHODS Forty-five cases of primary carcinoma cheek were diagnosed and investigations including OPG and CT scan were carried out along with other required investigations to evaluate the extension of tumour, bony erosion and metastasis. TNM staging was done. All patients were treated surgically, sent for post-operative radiotherapy or chemoradiation and followed up for 3 years. RESULT Among 45 cases of oral cancer, 28 were females and 17 were males. Common presenting symptom was growth or ulcer. It was more common in 41-50 years of age. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was found in 95.5% of the cases. Most of the patients 31 (68%) were in T4 stage. Surgical excision was done in all cases with reconstructuion in 23 cases and neck dissection in 39 cases. In the follow up for 3 years, 30 patient remained disease free. CONCLUSION Carcinoma cheek is a common entity in our region and now it is seen in relatively younger patients. Oral cancer is a self preventable disease. What is required is to develop awareness of oral hygiene and discourage the habit of social carcinogens use. Early diagnosis and treatment offers better chance of cure whereas advance disease has a poor prognosis.
Spinal serotonin IA and IC/2 receptors mediate supraspinal mu opioid-induced analgesia.

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of highly selective mu opioid receptor agonist ohmefentanyl (OMF) to rats produced dose-dependent antinociception as assessed with the tail flick test. This analgesia could be blocked by intrathecal (i.t.) injection of the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist spiperone or the 5-HT1C/2 receptor antagonist mianserin, but not by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist 1-NP or the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ICS 205-930. The results suggest that the descending 5-HT system is involved in mediating spinal mu opioid analgesia via spinal 5-HT1A and 5-HT1C/2 receptors.
CZT detectors read out with the RENA-2 ASIC

Multiple-site interactions initiated by Compton scattering are the primary interaction processes of gamma-rays in CZT in ~0.2 - several MeV range. Thus, exploiting gamma-rays as directional and spectral diagnostic probes requires detectors with 3-D resolution that resolve and measure individual interaction site's locations and energies. Desirable capabilities for Compton telescopes appear to be a spatial resolution of ~1 mm and an energy resolution of ~1 percent. Such capabilities are also important for coded mask imagers above 250 keV, where 3-D resolution can greatly improve the identification of a gamma-ray's initial interaction site, which is crucial for imaging. Significantly improved spectral resolution can be anticipated with CZT when multi-site interactions are resolved. This will allow each site's energy signals to be corrected for the site's specific signal loss characteristics, and the summed energies will then provide an accurate measure of the incident gamma-ray energy. We report on progress toward the development of 5 - 10 mm thick CZT detectors and electronics that are pursuing these objectives. Position sensing is provided by anode pixels with ~1 mm pitch for x-y positions and charge drift times for z-positions. Detectors are read out with the new RENA-2 ASIC. This chip contains preamplifiers, shaping amplifiers, threshold triggering, and peak detection for each of its 36 channels. To optimize energy resolution for various detector types and event rates, the RENA-2's peaking times and other parameters are adjustable. Each channel has a novel fast time stamp function that can record interaction times to ~10 nsec, allowing precise measurements of charge drift times and making PET imaging possible. The detector and ASIC designs are described and results are presented on tests of thresholding, energy resolution, and time resolution
Giant negative thermal expansion in the iron perovskite SrCu3Fe4O12.

Polycrystalline SrCu3Fe4O12 is synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of Sr(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, and a fivefold molar excess of citric acid dissolved in a mixture of water and ethanediol (433 K, ≈12 h) followed by decomposition of the resulting solid at 723 and 973 K.
History of Newcastle disease in South Africa

Poultry production in South Africa, a so-called developing country, may be seen as a gradient between two extremes with highly integrated commercial enterprises with world-class facilities on one hand and unimproved rural chickens kept by households and subsistence farmers on the other. Although vaccination against Newcastle disease is widely applied to control this devastating infection, epizootics continue to occur. Since the first official diagnosis in 1945, through the sporadic outbreaks of the 1950s and early 1960s, to serious epizootics caused by genotype VIII (late 1960s–2000), genotype VIIb (1993–1999), genotype VIId (2003–2012) and most recently genotype VIIh (2013 to present), South Africa’s encounters with exotic Newcastle disease follow global trends. Importation – probably illegal – of infected poultry, poultry products or exotic birds and illegal swill dumping are likely routes of entry. Once the commercial sector is affected, the disease spreads rapidly within the region via transportation routes. Each outbreak genotype persisted for about a decade and displaced its predecessor.
RI Ring Laser Sensor Based on Concatenating CLF and SMF With One Core-Offset Joint

In this letter, a novel all-fiber ring laser refractive index (RI) sensor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Such sensor is obtained by inserting a segment of cladding-less fiber between two sections of single-mode fiber with one core-offset joint, which is designed to enlarge the extinction ratio. With the help of ring laser sensing system, a 3-dB bandwidth below 0.2 nm and an optical signal-to-noise ratio near 30 dB can be achieved. Meanwhile, the high output power and the side-mode suppression ratio of the sensor are presented. Experimental results show that the RI sensitivity is 52.3 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.334-1.370. The sensor also has the advantages of simple structure and low cost, preforming potentials in large-scale productions.
Gold Nanocomplex Strongly Modulates the PI3K/Akt Pathway and Other Pathways in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Conjugating drugs with gold nanoparticles (GNP) is a key strategy in cancer therapy. Herein, the potential inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and other pathways of the MCF-7 cell-line, was investigated upon treatment with gold nanorods (GNR) conjugated with a PI3K inhibitor drug. The results revealed that the coupling of GNR with the drug drastically modulated the expression of PI3Kα at the gene and protein levels compared to the drug or GNR alone. The PI3Kα pathway is involved in tumor progression and development through the mediation of different mechanisms such as apoptosis, proliferation, and DNA damage. Treatment with the nanocomplex significantly affected the gene expression of several transcription factors responsible for cell growth and proliferation, apoptotic pathways, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the gene expression of different regulatory proteins involved in cancer progression and immune responses were significantly modified upon treatment with the nanocomplex compared to the free drug or GNR alone.
Female Baboons’ Responses to Male Loud Calls

Male baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) give loud, two-syllable wahoo calls in response to predators (alarm wahoos) and during aggressive displays that may include multiple males chasing each other or females (contest wahoos). Although acoustic analysis has revealedsignificant d ifferences between the two calls, these differences are subtle and the two subtypes can be difficult for humans to distinguish. Whatever the evolutionary mechanisms that might have acted on the production of acoustically graded loud calls, it would seem to be adaptive for listeners to discriminate among calls that are given in qualitatively different contexts. This is particularly true in the case of female baboons. Alarm wahoos, which are given during predator encounters, demand qualitatively different responses from contest wahoos, which are given in contexts when females are at risk of harassment andinfanticid e by males. In playback experiments, females responded for significantly longer durations to alarm than to contest wahoos. Moreover, only alarm wahoos causedfemales to flee. Despite their acoustic similarity, female baboons appear to associate alarm and contest wahoos with qualitatively different events.
Development and migration of GABAergic neurons in the mouse myelencephalon

GABAergic neurons are the major inhibitory interneurons that are widely distributed in the central nervous system. It is well established that they originate from a focal region in the embryonic forebrain during development, and then migrate to other regions such as the neocortex. However, the migration of GABAergic neurons remains obscure in other axial levels of the brain. We examined the early development of myelencephalic GABAergic neurons using glutamate decarboxylase 67 / green fluorescent protein (GAD67‐GFP) knockin mice. Observation of fixed tissues in coronal sections and flat whole‐mount preparations indicated that, while GFP‐positive cells are restricted to the subpial region in the ventral aspect of the myelencephalon at an early stage, they spread dorsally and eventually occupy the entire region of the myelencephalon as development proceeds. We developed a flat‐mount in vitro preparation in which these patterns of development could be recapitulated. Transplantation of dorsal myelencephalic tissue of a wildtype embryo to a corresponding region of GAD67‐GFP mouse embryos clearly demonstrated invasion of dorsally oriented GABAergic neurons from host to donor tissue. These results indicate that ventral‐to‐dorsal tangential migration of GABAergic neurons takes place in the myelencephalon. Our results extend the observations in the forebrain that inhibitory and excitatory neurons in a specific brain compartment take distinct migratory paths. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:260–269, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutting Edge: A Critical Role of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator in Peripheral T Cell Tolerance Induction 1

T cell activation and tolerance are delicately regulated by costimulatory molecules. Although B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) has been shown as a negative regulator for T cell activation, its role in peripheral T cell tolerance induction in vivo has not been addressed. In this study, we generated a novel strain of BTLA-deficient mice and used three different models to characterize the function of BTLA in controlling T cell tolerance. In an oral tolerance model, BTLA-deficient mice were found resistant to the induction of T cell tolerance to an oral Ag. Moreover, compared with wild-type OT-II cells, BTLA−/− OT-II cells were less susceptible to tolerance induction by a high-dose OVA peptide administered i.v. Finally, BTLA−/− OT-I cells caused autoimmune diabetes in RIP-mOVA recipient mice. Our results thus demonstrate an important role for BTLA in the induction of peripheral tolerance of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vivo.