Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterizing natal source population signatures in the diadromous fish Galaxias maculatus, using embryonic otolith chemistry

One of the greatest empirical challenges in studies of marine metapopulations is assess- ing the role of connectivity in maintaining local populations. The use of natural tags in body struc- tures such as otoliths has led to significant improvements in our understanding of dispersal dynam- ics; however, the real knowledge gap remains our ability to identify the origins of dispersing larvae. In the present study we show that embryonic otoliths of a diadromous fish native to southeastern Aus- tralia, Galaxias maculatus, can be used to quantify unique natal elemental signatures and identify potential source populations spread out along a contiguous coastline. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), we analysed embryonic otoliths from G. maculatus hatchlings from 10 rivers across coastal Victoria, Australia. We found significant differences among rivers in the concentrations of all 8 elements analysed (B, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Sr, Ba, Pb). More impor- tantly, significant differences among rivers in the multi-element signature of hatchling otoliths indi- cate that sites separated by 10s to 100s of km can be discriminated with a high degree of confidence. Our results show that these methods can be successfully applied to examine questions of population connectivity within metapopulations of diadromous species.
Synchronization of Neuronal Networks via Control Rank Pinning Scheme

Recent studies have proposed the controlling regions in the corticocortical network of cats' brain at different scales. Here we study pinning control using a simple model of coupled oscillators assigned to cortical areas in the corticocortical network of cats' brain. We analyze control rank (CR) values of areas in the cortical network. It is found that most of the hubs have bigger CR values than other nodes in the same functional community. Moreover, we analyze the synchrony state of the functional communities in the cortical network, revealing that a community with a larger percentage of pinned nodes inside will be conducive to synchronization.
Visible light emitting waveguide on Si chip

Photonic lab-on-a-chip portable platforms have proved to be very sensitive, rapid in analysis and easy-to-use. However, they still rely on a bulk light source to operate, thus hindering the actual portability and potential for commercial realization. In the present paper we have proposed a design for a light emitting structure that could be easily implemented on chip. The design consists of a Si3N4 strip waveguide on SiO2 substrate, with an active material that emits light as top and lateral cladding. The cross-section of the waveguide was optimised to support both excitation and emission as guided modes, with a high mutual overlap and high confinement to the cladding. This ensures an efficient light emission activation from the cladding and a stable propagation along the waveguide. The proposed structure shows to be operative along the visible range; demonstrated from 400nm to 633nm. The procedure we have followed along this report can be virtually used for designing the cross-section geometry of any strip waveguide system so that the performance is optimised for a given cladding refractive index and emission and excitation wavelengths. In addition we have proposed the use of polymeric quantum dots as the gain material to be used as active cladding. The ease of on-chip integration of this gain material via spin-coating, together with the simplicity of our light emitting waveguide, makes our light source design suitable for large-scale integration on Si chip. Specially, for lab-on-chip applications where multiplexed operation is essential.
Influence ofWeight Ratio of Poly ( 4-vinylphenol ) Insulator on Electronic Properties of InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistor

Spin-coated organic PVP layers were used as dielectric layers in a-IGZO TFTs. Weight ratios of 20 : 1, 10 : 1, and 5 : 1 for PVP and PMF, a cross-linking agent, were used. The a-IGZO TFTs with the PVP : PMF ratio of 20 : 1 showed a large hysteresis in the I-V curve and C-V curve, the hysteresis increases with the increase of hydroxyl groups and also deteriorated the gate leakage current. In contrast, the devices with the PVP : PMF ratio of 5 : 1 dielectric displayed only small hysteresis. According to our experimental results, preventing the possible diffusion of hydroxyl-contained species in polymeric dielectrics is a very important factor in improving the electrical properties of high-performance a-IGZO TFT devices.
13 Millimeter-Wave CMOS Impulse Radio

Millimeter waves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths of 1 to 10 mm in vacuum, and they were discovered experimentally in the 19th century (Wiltse, 1984). In 1946, the most unique feature of millimeter waves, oxygen absorption at 60 GHz, was reported, which results in the rapid attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the air (Beringer, 1946). Although the oxygen absorption makes long-distance wireless communication difficult, it enables us to allocate a wide frequency band, which realizes ultra-high-speed communication greater than 1Gbps (gigabits-per-second). Recently, the well-known feature of millimeter-wave communication has attracted attention again because millimeter-wave circuits have been realized with advanced CMOS technologies, and the recent 60GHz band license-free regulations with license-free bandwidths of 9GHz in Europe and 7GHz in Japan, USA, Canada and Korea. In academic conferences and journals, many studies on millimeterwave CMOS circuits were reported in the past few years, and consumer devices are expected to be available soon. Here, for realizing the consumer application of millimeter waves, the reduction of power consumption is the most important issue. It is noted that the power-hungry building blocks in a transceiver are the local oscillator (LO) based on the phase-locked loop (PLL), and analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters (ADC and DAC) as shown in Fig. 1(a) (Marcu, 2009). If these blocks can be eliminated partially or completely in a transceiver, power consumption will be considerably reduced. From this viewpoint, we have studied millimeter-wave pulse communication for high-performance CMOS wireless transceivers as shown in Fig. 1(b) and Fig. 1(c). In this study, low-power direct pulse generators, high-speed switches and receivers, which are the most important building blocks in millimeter-wave pulse communication, are discussed for high-speed wireless communications using the 60 GHz band. In conclusion, the prospects for millimeter-wave pulse communication will be addressed.
A Virus Made from Parts of the Genomes of Brome Mosaic and Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Viruses

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) are spherical plant viruses which have recently been shown to possess divided genomes (Lane & Kaesberg, 1971; Bancroft, 1971) even though the virus particles sediment as single species. BMV contains four species of RNA with molecular weights of 1.09 × 106, 0.99 × 106, 0.75 × 106 and 0.28 × 106 and CCMV contains four species with molecular weights of 1.15, 1.0, 0.85 and 0.32 × 106 (Fowlks & Young, 1970). The species are named 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Species 1 + 2 + 3 are required to initiate BMV infections (Lane & Kaesberg, 1971) but CCMV seems only to require species 1 + 2, although the addition of species 3 enhances lesion production (Bancroft, 1971). Species 4 is needed by neither virus for infection. I wished to determine if a virus possessing some properties of both viruses could be obtained by mixing BMV species 1 + 2 with CCMV species 3 prior to biological assay.
Has Hope Vi Transformed Residents' Lives? New Evidence From The Hope Vi Panel Study

Since the early 1990s, the HOPE VI program has been the United States' largest, most ambitious community revitalization program. HOPE VI sought to transform not only distressed public housing communities, but also to transform residents' lives and help them to become self-sufficient. This paper uses new evidence from the HOPE VI Panel Study on how HOPE VI families have fared. The long-term findings from this research paint a more positive picture than many critics had predicted, showing that the program has had profound benefits for many public housing families—particularly those who have relocated to less poor communities. However, the long-term results highlight the limitations of the HOPE VI approach, particularly the lack of impact on economic outcomes. These findings point to the need for new and creative strategies for addressing some of the worst consequences of concentrated poverty.
AM Modelling Coastal Vulnerability and Adaptation to Sea Level Rise

Coastal regions are highly vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR) therefore developing and implementing effective adaptation alternatives is crucial for their future development. However, there is uncertainty in the timing, duration, spatial location and extent of SLR and storms. The complexity that arises from climate, coastal systems and their interactions in space and time can easily become overwhelming for decision makers to investigate the aspects of adaptation alternatives thoroughly. Dilemmas confronting decision makers are: how to adapt and when to adapt to SLR? Considering the complexity and dynamic nature of coastal systems interacting and changing over time, this paper introduces a new Spatial Temporal Decision (STD) framework to assess coastal vulnerability, and the adaptation alternatives to SLR. The STM is based upon a combination of: System Dynamics (SD) modelling; Geographical Information Systems (GIS) modelling; and multi-criteria analyses of stakeholders’ views using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that, at the end of a 100 year simulation period, approximately 6 % of the landscape in the study area will be gradually inundated over time, with 0.5 cm SLR per year. However, this situation dramatically changes with scenarios 2 and 3, which represent 1 cm and 1.5 cm SLR per year. Indeed, the percentage of the vulnerable area leapt to about 34 % for Scenario 2, and 56 % for Scenario 3. Using the information obtained from vulnerability assessments, three stakeholder groups (Politicians, Technical Experts and Residents) were consulted to determine the goal, criteria and adaptation alternatives required for the AHP analysis. Analyses of survey data reveal that across the three stakeholder groups, Effectiveness and Sustainability are the criteria of highest priority.
Adoption of renewable soil fertility replenishment technologies in the southern African region: Lessons learnt and the way forward

Low soil fertility is one of the most important biophysical constraints to increasing agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Several renewable soil fertility replenishment (RSFR) technologies that are based on nutrient re-cycling principles have been developed in southern Africa. Some success stories have been recorded (e.g. nitrogen-fixing legumes), but the adoption of RSFR technologies has generally lagged behind scientific advances thereby reducing the potential impacts of the technologies. This paper describes the major RSFR technologies being promoted in the region, synthesizes available information regarding their adoption by farmers, and identifies the challenges, key lessons learnt and the way forward for up-scaling RSFR technologies in the region. The review indicated that farmer uptake of RSFR technologies depends on several factors that can be grouped into broad categories: technology-specific (e.g. soil type, management regime), household-specific (e.g. farmer perceptions, resource endowment, household size), policy and institutions context within which RSFR is disseminated (inputs and output prices, land tenure and property rights), and geo-spatial (performance of species across different bio-physical conditions, location of village). Adoption of RSFR technologies can be enhanced by targeting them to their biophysical and social niches, facilitating appropriate policy and institutional contexts for dissemination, understanding the broader context and dynamics of the adoption process, a paradigm shift in the approach to the dissemination of RSFR (e.g. expanding RSFR to high value crop systems, exploring synergy with inorganic fertilizer) and, targeted incentive systems that encourage farmers to take cognizance of natural resource implications when making agricultural production decisions.
Torque density and efficiency improvements of a Switched Reluctance Motor without rare earth material for hybrid vehicles

A prototype machine of a Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) having competitive torque and efficiency as well as compactness with respect to an IPMSM in a HEV (Toyota Prius 2003) has been investigated. A torque of 400Nm is set as a target with an outer diameter of 269mm with an axial length of 156mm including coil end length. In addition 50kW field weakening capability must be competitive to the IPM. The highest efficiency of 95% is also aimed. Stator and rotor structures and iron material are investigated. Test machines are built. Static and light load tests are carried out.
Inverse Ablation Analysis and the Calibration Integral Equation Method

The calibration integral equation method has been demonstrated for resolving inverse heat conduction problems based on an invariant sample geometry. This paper proposes to extend its applicability to the investigation of ablation through an abstraction based on forming a fictive surface temperature poised at the nonrecessive origin. Resolving this time-dependent temperature history provides a boundary condition that can be used in a restricted space defined between the nonrecessive origin and an in-depth thermocouple. This fictive temperature (or heat flux) provides an equivalence-based formulation defined in the original spatial domain because the calibration integral equation method is based on conservation principles. The extraction of the fictive boundary condition does not require knowledge of the thermophysical properties or probe position(s) because it is based on calibration. The complexity of ablation requires a compromise between a fully calibrative technique and forward solving approaches. The .
A Stratigraphic Study of Small Volcano Clusters on Venus

Recently proposed global stratigraphy and geologic history models have led to two end member volcanic evolution models for Venus: a “directional” model that proposes Venus has progressed through a series of stages, each characterized by a particular style of volcanic activity (A. T. Basilevsky and J. W. Head 1997, J. Geophys. Res.103, 8531–8544), and a [nondirectional] model that proposes a more Earth-like type of volcanic activity with different eruption styles occurring globally on a local scale throughout the recent history of the planet (J. E. Guest and E. R. Stofan 1999, Icarus139, 55–66). The former infers that most small volcanoes (D<20 km) define a global unit, referred to as the “shield plains,” that predates emplacement of the widespread plains with wrinkle ridges, or “regional plains. ” To test this hypothesis, cross-cutting and superposition relations were used to determine the stratigraphic positions of small volcano clusters in seven quadrangles (11% of the surface). The seven quadrangles included 179 clusters containing over 22,000 constructs. Three materials were defined for each cluster: (1) the constructs, (2) the material immediately surrounding the constructs (called the cluster material), and (3) the regional plains. Where possible, relative ages were established between the constructs, cluster material, and the regional plains. There are six possible temporal relations between the constructs and regional plains emplacement: (1) the constructs postdate regional plains emplacement, (2) some constructs postdate regional plains emplacement, and other constructs predate regional plains deformation but their ages relative to regional plains emplacement are ambiguous, (3) the constructs predate regional plains emplacement, (4) some constructs predate regional plains emplacement, and other constructs predate regional plains deformation but their ages relative to regional plains emplacement are ambiguous, (5) the constructs both predate and postdate regional plains emplacement, and (6) the ages of the constructs relative to regional plains emplacement are ambiguous. An age relative to regional plains emplacement could not be determined for almost half of the clusters studied. Of the clusters for which a relative age could be determined, almost half postdate regional plains emplacement, and an additional third contain at least some constructs that postdate regional plains emplacement. Less than a tenth of the clusters predate regional plains emplacement. These observations indicate that many small constructs postdate the emplacement of the regional plains and therefore are consistent with the nondirectional volcanic evolution model in which small constructs represent a global process occurring locally throughout the recent history of Venus.
РАЗДЕЛ 2 ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ РАБОТЫ СОВЕТОВ ДИРЕКТОРОВ SECTION 2 BOARD PRACTICES STOCK OPTION PLANS FOR CEO COMPENSATION

Stock options plans (SOPs) can be used as a CEO remuneration instrument. Our study examines the dimensions of SOPs, the types of SOP used by Spanish firms to reward the CEO, and the effect of different SOP types on CEOs’ behavior. The results show that traditional options “at the money” are the most used by Spanish firms. Although this SOP type is not the most appropriate from the optimum contract theory approach, it offers high potential gains to the CEO. It may therefore increase the capacity of companies to attract and retain competent executives.
The Design Requirements of a Comprehensive Nutrition and Dietetic Portal Based on the Experiences of Selected Countries

Background and Objectives: Undoubtedly, information and communication technology resulted in a massive development in all social and economic areas. It has a great impact on human communities so that the world is rapidly becoming an information society. It is vital to find additional ways to reduce overweight due to increased rate of obesity and obesity-related health problems. Nutrition and dietetic portals provide access to a wide range of information resources for nutritionists, physicians and the public due to the dynamic content and integrated access to resources, software, applications and databases. The aim of the present study is to review the nutrition and dietetic portals in selected countries to provide some suggestions in this field. Methods: This is a descriptive-comparative study. The minimum content features of the nutrition and dietetic portals were identified through comprehensive review of the literature. The nutrition and dietetic portals of the selected countries were examined through observation, communication and completion of a checklist. The second stage involved the design of a dietetic system. Accordingly, a HTML-based (Hyper Text Markup Language) system was designed using the semi-experimental study. Results: The common aspects of the nutrition and dietetic portals include annual statistics, nutrition news, calendar of events, information on job opportunities, information on different diets, strategies and policies, professional standards and rules, nutrition guidelines and manuals as well as educational and research facilities. Conclusion: To provide accessible information for the public and healthcare providers, the design of a specialized comprehensive portal with desirable specifications and a credible scientific background will have a significant impact on the promotion of nutrition literacy and thereby improved heath of society through analyzing the users’ needs.
TOPOLOGY AND INTERFERENCE ANALYSIS IN MACROCELLULAR ENVIRONMENT

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master’s degree programme in Information Technology RAHMAN, A. F. M. MUZAHIDUR: Topology and Interference Analysis in Macrocellular Environment Master of Science Thesis, pages 47 August 2014 Major subject: Communication Engineering Examiners: Professor Jukka Lempiäinen
Niche divergence at the intraspecific level in an endemic rare peony (Paeonia rockii): A phylogenetic, climatic and environmental survey

Ecological factors have received increasing attention as drivers of speciation but also in the maintenance of postspeciation divergence. However, the relative significance of the responses of species to climate oscillations for driving niche divergence or conservatism in the evolution of many species that pass through diverse environments and limited geographical boundaries remains poorly understood. Paeonia rockii (one of the ancient species of Paeonia) comprising two subspecies called Paeonia rockii subsp. rockii and Paeonia rockii subsp. taibaishanica is an endemic, rare, and endangered medicinal plant in China. In this study, we integrated whole chloroplast genomes, and ecological factors to obtain insights into ecological speciation and species divergence in this endemic rare peony. RAxML analysis indicated that the topological trees recovered from three different data sets were identical, where P. rockii subsp. rockii and P. rockii subsp. taibaishanica clustered together, and molecular dating analyses suggested that the two subspecies diverged 0.83 million years ago. In addition, ecological niche modeling showed that the predicted suitable distribution areas for P. rockii subsp. rockii and P. rockii subsp. taibaishanica differed considerably, although the predicted core distribution areas were similar, where the population contracted in the last interglacial and expanded in the last glacial maximum. Under the emissions scenarios for the 2050s and 2070s, the suitable distribution areas were predicted to contract significantly, where the migration routes of the two subspecies tended to migrate toward high latitudes and elevations, thereby suggesting strong responses of the distributions of the two subspecies to climate change. These findings combined with the phylogeographic relationships provide comprehensive insights into niche variation and differentiation in this endemic rare peony, and they highlight the importance of geological and climatic changes for species divergence and changes in the population geographic patterns of rare and endangered medicinal plants in East Asia.