Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drug-induced phospholipidosis: issues and future directions

Numerous drugs containing a cationic amphiphilic structure are capable of inducing phospholipidosis in cells under conditions of in vivo administration or ex vivo incubation. The principal characteristics of this condition include the reversible accumulation of polar phospholipids in association with the development of unicentric or multicentric lamellated bodies within cells. There is an abundance of data providing an understanding of potential mechanisms for the induction of phospholipidosis; however, the process is likely to be complex and may differ from one drug to another. The functional consequences of the presence of this condition on cellular or tissue function are not well understood. The general consensus is that the condition is an adaptive response rather than a toxicological manifestation; however, additional studies to examine this question are needed. Until this issue is resolved, concerns about phospholipidosis will continue to exist at regulatory agencies. Procedures for the screening of potential phospholipogenic candidate compounds are available. In contrast, a clear need exists for the identification of valid biomarkers to assess the development of phospholipidosis in preclinical and clinical studies.
Blind multipath estimation with Toeplitz displacement for long code DS-CDMA

This paper proposes a blind channel estimation scheme for long code DS-CDMA systems with multipath fading channel. The Toeplitz displacement method is used to remove the effects of channel noise and interferences before the correlation matching approach is adopted to estimate the channel parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better MSE performance and more robust against the near-far problem.
Praziquantel for the treatment of schistosomiasis: its use for control in areas with endemic disease and prospects for drug resistance

Praziquantel became available for the treatment of schistosomiasis and other trematode-inflicted diseases in the 1970s. It was revolutionary because it could be administered orally and had very few unwanted side effects. As a result of marked reductions in the price of praziquantel, the rate at which it is used has accelerated greatly in recent years. For the foreseeable future it will be the mainstay of programs designed to control schistosome-induced morbidity, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where schistosomiasis is heavily endemic. There is currently no evidence to suggest that any schistosomes have developed resistance to praziquantel as a result of its widespread use. Nevertheless, while resistance may not pose an obvious or immediate threat to the usefulness of praziquantel, complacency and a failure to monitor developments may have serious consequences in the longer term since it will be the only drug that is readily available for large-scale treatment of schistosomiasis.
A Barley Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferase Covalently Links Xyloglucan, Cellulosic Substrates, and (1,3;1,4)-β-D-Glucans*

Molecular interactions between wall polysaccharides, which include cellulose and a range of noncellulosic polysaccharides such as xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans, are fundamental to cell wall properties. These interactions have been assumed to be noncovalent in nature in most cases. Here we show that a highly purified barley xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase HvXET5 (EC 2.4.1.207), a member of the GH16 group of glycoside hydrolases, catalyzes the in vitro formation of covalent linkages between xyloglucans and cellulosic substrates and between xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans. The rate of covalent bond formation catalyzed by HvXET5 with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) is comparable with that on tamarind xyloglucan, whereas that with (1,3; 1,4)-β-d-glucan is significant but slower. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analyses showed that oligosaccharides released from the fluorescent HEC:xyloglucan conjugate by a specific (1,4)-β-dglucan endohydrolase consisted of xyloglucan substrate with one, two, or three glucosyl residues attached. Ancillary peaks contained hydroxyethyl substituents (m/z 45) and confirmed that the parent material consisted of HEC covalently linked with xyloglucan. Similarly, partial hydrolysis of the (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan:xyloglucan conjugate by a specific (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan endohydrolase revealed the presence of a series of fluorescent oligosaccharides that consisted of the fluorescent xyloglucan acceptor substrate linked covalently with 2-6 glucosyl residues. These findings raise the possibility that xyloglucan endo-transglucosylases could link different polysaccharides in vivo and hence influence cell wall strength, flexibility, and porosity.
A corpus for experimental study of affect bursts in human-robot interaction

This paper presents a data collection carried out in the framework of the Joker Project. Interaction scenarios have been designed in order to study the e ects of a ect bursts in a human-robot interaction and to build a system capable of using multilevel a ect bursts in a human-robot interaction. We use two main audio expression cues: verbal (synthesised sentences) and nonverbal (a ect bursts). The nonverbal cues used are sounds expressing disgust, amusement, fear, misunderstanding and surprise. Three di erent intensity levels for each sound have been generating for each emotion.
TLR4 is lower in resistance-trained older women and related to inflammatory cytokines.

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Regular exercise may offset age-associated increases in inflammatory cytokines and reduce the risk of developing diseases with an inflammatory etiology by exerting "anti-inflammatory" effects. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling stimulates inflammatory cytokine production, and may explain the "anti-inflammatory" effect attributed to regular exercise. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of acute (3 sets, 9 exercises, 10 repetitions at 80% of the 1-repetition maximum) and chronic resistance exercise on TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Venous blood samples were collected from trained (TR, N = 10) and untrained (UT, N = 10) older (65-80 yr) postmenopausal women: before (PRE), immediately post (POST), and 2 h (2H), 6 h (6H), and 24 h (24H) after completion of exercise. Cell-surface expression of TLR4 (two-color immunofluorescent cytometry), LPS (25 microg x mL(-1))-stimulated cytokine production (ELISA), plasma cytokines (ELISA), and mRNA expression of TLR4 and cytokines (RT-PCR) were determined for each sample. RESULTS TR had 124% less cell-surface TLR4 expression than UT (P < 0.05). A significant time effect was found for LPS-stimulated IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha, where 6H was significantly greater than all other samples. No significant effects were found for plasma (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) or mRNA expression (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta) of inflammatory cytokines. When subjects were grouped according to cell-surface TLR4 expression (HI and LO), LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha (302%), IL-1beta (209%), and IL-6 (167%) production was greater for HI than LO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Regularly exercising older women expressed less cell-surface TLR4 but did not have lower plasma levels or produce less LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines at rest or in response to a single bout of resistance exercise. TLR4 changes may explain the "anti-inflammatory" effect that has recently been attributed to chronic (2x wk for previous 24 months) resistance exercise training.
A Modeling Framework for Generating Security Protocol Specifications

We propose a modeling framework for generating security protocol specifications. The generated protocol specifications rely on the use of a sequential and a semantical component. The first component defines protocol properties such as preconditions, effects, message sequences and it is developed as a WSDL-S specification. The second component defines the semantic aspects corresponding to the messages included in the first component by the use of ontological constructions and it is developed as an OWL-based specification. Our approach was validated on 13 protocols from which we mention: the ISO9798 protocol, the CCITTX.509 data transfer protocol and the Kerberos symmetric key protocol.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of prostaglandin E1 in liver transplantation

A double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of intravenous prostaglandin PGE1 (40 μg/h) was conducted in adult orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Infusion was started intraoperatively and continued for up to 21 days. Patients were followed up for 180 days postoperatively. Among 172 patients eligible for treatment in the study, 160 could be evaluated (78 PGE1; 82 placebo). Patient and graft survival were similar (PGE1: 16 deaths, 9 retransplantations [7 survivors]; controls: 15 deaths, 6 retransplantations [3 survivors]). In patients with surviving grafts, however, PGE1 administration resulted in a 23% shorter mean duration of hospitalization following transplantation (PGE1: 24.4 days; controls: 31.8 days; P = .02) and 40% shorter length of time postoperatively in the intensive care unit (PGE1: 8.2 days; controls 13.7 days; P = .05). Reduced needs for renal support (P = .03) or surgical intervention other than retransplantation (P = .02) were also noted with PGE1 use. Further, PGE1 administration resulted in a trend toward improved survival rates in patients with mild renal impairment (preoperative serum creatinine 1.5 mg percent or greater; P = .08). Neither the incidence of acute cellular rejection nor of primary nonfunction was significantly different in the two groups. Phlebitis was the only complication that was more common during PGE1 administration, (PGE1: 9; controls: 4). These results suggest that PGE1 use in hepatic allograft recipients reduces morbidity and may result in sizable cost reductions. (HEPATOLOGY 1995;21:366–372.)
Une prise en charge différente pour un accouchement moins médicalisé : les maisons de naissance sont-elles possibles en France ?

Objectifs : Cette etude vise a faire un etat des lieux des issues maternelles et neonatales apres un travail et un accouchement en maison de naissance. Nous voulons savoir si les complications sont plus frequentes suite a ce type de prise en charge moins medicalisee, que dans une prise en charge plus classique a l'hopital. Materiel et methodes : Il s'agit d'une etude cas-temoins retrospective, sur dossiers, a la maternite de Pontoise. Nous avons recrute toutes les patientes ayant eu leur travail a la maison de naissance de Pontoise sur la periode de janvier a aout 2013, ce qui represente 48 femmes. Apres appariement, nous en avons autant dans le groupe temoins provenant de la salle de naissance. Resultats : La sage-femme de la maison de naissance intervient beaucoup moins pendant le travail sans que cela ait une repercussion negative sur les issues maternelles et neonatales. Sur les 48 femmes ayant debute leur travail en maison de naissance, 96% ont pu y accoucher, et parmi elles, 93% ont eu un post-partum physiologique. Elles ont plus souvent des perinees intacts. En ce qui concerne les nouveau-nes, ils n'ont pas plus de difficultes d'adaptation a la vie extra-uterine et ne sont pas plus exposes a des risques d'asphyxie fœtale ou infectieux du fait de travail plus longs. Toutefois, la difference de prevalence avec la salle de naissance n'est pas significative, faute de puissance de notre etude. Au vu de leur contexte, les trois transferts effectues au bloc obstetrical (deux pendant le travail et un pour retention placentaire) etaient necessaires et justifies. La prise en charge est donc adaptee a ces femmes dites a bas risque obstetrical.
Étude du métabolisme des androgènes et implications dans la lutte contre le dopage

Les steroides androgenes anabolisants endogenes sont des substances couramment utilisees a des fins de dopage. Ceci tient certainement a leur nature endogene qui en font des composes dont l'abus est plus difficile a mettre en evidence que celui de composees exogenes. Ce travail cherche a approfondir les connaissances du metabolisme des steroides endogenes comme la testosterone et la nandrolone afin d'ameliorer la detection d'un abus. Ceci se fait en particulier sur la matrice urinaire en utilisant des outils analytiques comme la LC-MS/MS, la GC-MS ou la GC-C-IRMS pour l'analyse des isotopes stables du carbone. Un suivi individuel de l'athlete a donc ete propose pour la lutte contre l'abus de steroides endogenes. Cette strategie permet de s'affranchir des variations interindividuelles aussi bien genetiques qu'environnementales. D'autre part, un ensemble de facteurs urinaires et sanguins a ete determine pour mettre en evidence un dopage a une substance connue pour modifier le profil steroidien. Dans ce cas, l'utilisation du profile steroidien comme outil diagnostique ouvre la voie a une approche de type metabolomique pour le suivi d'un traitement specifique par l'analyse d'une reponse globale. En conclusion, le suivi individuel de l'athlete ainsi que l'approche metabolomique se precisent de plus en plus comme les strategies du futur dans la lutte contre le dopage et pourraient devenir des outils de choix pour le suivi medical en endocrinologie.
High-Temperature Superconductivity: A Roadmap for Electric Power Sector Applications, 2015–2030

A roadmap document for high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) in the electric power sector, 2015–2030, was developed by the signatories to an International Energy Agency (IEA) Technology Collaboration Program for “Assessing the Impacts of High Temperature Superconductivity on the Electric Power Sector” to outline the current state of the industry development of HTS devices and what steps could be taken to reach market maturity. The document highlights trends and drivers in the electric power industry that could potentially enable HTS devices to be energized in the grid. Challenges and needs are discussed for wire, cryogenics, cables, fault current limiters, transformers, superconducting magnetic energy storage, generators, and transformers. The roadmap also outlines technology readiness levels for electric grid applications. While the roadmap serves as a useful document to help inform the industry, it is a living document that will be regularly updated due to the continuous HTS technology progress/development.
Negative Regulation of p 53 by the Long Isoform of ErbB 3 Binding Protein Ebp 1 in Brain Tumors

The ErbB3 binding protein Ebp1 has been implicated in a number of human cancers. Ebp1 includes 2 isoforms, p48 and p42, that exhibit different cellular activities. Here we show that the larger p48 isoform is transforming and that it promotes cell growth, clonogenicity, and invasion in human glioblastoma (GBM). P48 overexpression in GBM cells facilitated tumorigenesis and enhanced tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Human GBM tissues displayed elevated levels of p48 compared with surrounding normal tissues or low-grade tumors. Notably, p48 levels were inversely correlated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. We determined that p48 binds to the p53 E3 ligase HDM2, enhancing HDM2-p53 association and thereby promoting p53 polyubiquitination and degradation to reduce steady-state p53 levels and activity. Together, our findings suggest that p48 functions as an oncogene by promoting glioma tumorigenicity via interactions with HDM2 that contribute to p53 downregulation. Cancer Res; 70(23); 1–12. 2010 AACR.
Increased Ribozyme Activity in Crowded Solutions*

Background: RNAs have evolved to function in the crowded environment of the cell. Results: Large crowder molecules increase the catalytic activity of a group I ribozyme at physiological Mg2+, whereas small neutral molecules do not. Conclusion: Excluded volume due to crowding stabilizes the native active state of RNAs. Significance: Crowding significantly improves RNA folding and function. Noncoding RNAs must function in the crowded environment of the cell. Previous small-angle x-ray scattering experiments showed that molecular crowders stabilize the structure of the Azoarcus group I ribozyme, allowing the ribozyme to fold at low physiological Mg2+ concentrations. Here, we used an RNA cleavage assay to show that the PEG and Ficoll crowder molecules increased the biochemical activity of the ribozyme, whereas sucrose did not. Crowding lowered the Mg2+ threshold at which activity was detected and increased total RNA cleavage at high Mg2+ concentrations sufficient to fold the RNA in crowded or dilute solution. After correcting for solution viscosity, the observed reaction rate was proportional to the fraction of active ribozyme. We conclude that molecular crowders stabilize the native ribozyme and favor the active structure relative to compact inactive folding intermediates.
Non-monotonic relationships between emotional arousal and memory for color and location

Recent research points to the decreased diagnostic value of subjective retrieval experience for memory accuracy for emotional stimuli. While for neutral stimuli rich recollective experiences are associated with better context memory than merely familiar memories this association appears questionable for emotional stimuli. The present research tested the implicit assumption that the effect of emotional arousal on memory is monotonic, that is, steadily increasing (or decreasing) with increasing arousal. In two experiments emotional arousal was manipulated in three steps using emotional pictures and subjective retrieval experience as well as context memory were assessed. The results show an inverted U-shape relationship between arousal and recognition memory but for context memory and retrieval experience the relationship was more complex. For frame colour, context memory decreased linearly while for spatial location it followed the inverted U-shape function. The complex, non-monotonic relationships between arousal and memory are discussed as possible explanations for earlier divergent findings.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Mutationally Activated BRAFV 600 E Elicits Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Adult Mouse

Mutated BRAF is detected in approximately 45% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). To model PTC, we bred mice with adult-onset, thyrocyte-specific expression of BRAF. One month following BRAF expression, mice displayed increased thyroid size, widespread alterations in thyroid architecture, and dramatic hypothyroidism. Over 1 year, without any deliberate manipulation of tumor suppressor genes, all mice developed PTC displaying nuclear atypia and marker expression characteristic of the human disease. Pharmacologic inhibition of MEK1/2 led to decreased thyroid size, restoration of thyroid form and function, and inhibition of tumorigenesis. Mice with BRAF-induced PTC will provide an excellent system to study thyroid tumor initiation and progression and the evaluation of inhibitors of oncogenic BRAF signaling. Cancer Res; 71(11); 3863–71. 2011 AACR.
Attentional deficits in concussion

Primary objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine deficits in the alerting, orienting and executive components of attention in individuals who have recently suffered a concussion. Research design: A group design was used in which the performance by individuals with concussion was compared to control subjects matched for age, height, weight and activity level. Methods and procedures: Participants completed the Attentional Network Test (ANT) that breaks down attention into alerting, orienting and executive components. Reaction time and response accuracy were the dependent variables. Main outcomes and results: It was found that only the orienting and executive components of attention were affected by concussion, whereas the alerting component was normal. Furthermore, participants with concussion required a significantly longer time than controls to initiate correct responses. Conclusions: These results suggest that the orienting and executive components of attention are most susceptible to the effects of concussion.
19.5 Three-dimensional 128Gb MLC vertical NAND Flash-memory with 24-WL stacked layers and 50MB/s high-speed programming

In the past few years, various 3D NAND Flash memories have been demonstrated, from device feasibility to chip implementation, to overcome scaling challenges in conventional planar NAND Flash [1-3]. The difficulties include shrinking the NAND cell and increasing manufacturing costs due to quadruple patterning and extreme ultraviolet lithography, motivating the development of the next-generation node beyond 16nm-class NAND Flash [4]. In this paper, as a new 3D memory device with lower manufacturing cost and superior device scalability, we present a true 3D 128Gb 2b/cell vertical-NAND (V-NAND) Flash. The chip accomplishes 50MB/s write throughput with 3K endurance for typical embedded applications such as mobile and personal computer. Also, extended endurance of 35K is achieved with 33MB/s of write throughput for data center and enterprise SSD applications.
Urban planning decision using multi-objective optimization algorithm

Urban planning is a multi-objective problem. The traditional urban planning optimization decision aims to solve a single-objective optimization problem with one or more bounded-constraints, such as traffic, environment, etc. To satisfy the individual requirement for decision-makers in urban planning, in this paper, we analyze the limitation of the traditional methods and propose a new approach that supports multi-objective optimization. The approach considers the decision essentials as optimization objectives rather than decision constraints, and overcomes the limitations of the traditional methods. Furthermore, a new decision method using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on Pareto concepts is given. The initial experimental results have shown that our multi-objective planning approach can effectively produce more than one Pareto optimization solution compromising all decision essentials within one single running, and decision-makers can choose the solution they need among the alternatives.
Predictors and consequences of negative physician attitudes toward HIV-infected injection drug users.

BACKGROUND We evaluated physicians' training, experience, and practice characteristics and examined associations between their attitudes toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons who are injection drug users (IDUs) and quality of care. METHODS Cross-sectional surveys were conducted among a probability sample of noninstitutionalized HIV-infected individuals in the United States and their main HIV care physicians. Physician and practice characteristics, training, HIV knowledge, experience, attitudes toward HIV-infected IDUs, stress levels, and satisfaction with practice were assessed. The main quality-of-care measures were patient exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy, reported problems, satisfaction with care, unmet needs, and perceived access to care. RESULTS Nationally, 23.2% of HIV-infected patients had physicians with negative attitudes toward IDUs. Seeing more IDUs, having higher HIV treatment knowledge scores, and treating fewer patients per week were independently associated with more positive attitudes toward IDUs. Injection drug users who were cared for by physicians with negative attitudes had a significantly lower adjusted rate of exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy by December 1996 (13.5%) than non-IDUs who were cared for by such physicians (36.1%) or IDUs who were cared for by physicians with positive attitudes (32.3%). Physician attitudes were not associated with other problems with care, satisfaction with care, unmet needs, or perceived access to care. CONCLUSIONS Negative attitudes may lead to less than optimal care for IDUs and other marginalized populations. Providing education or experience-based exercises or ensuring that clinicians have adequate time to deal with complex problems might result in better attitudes and higher quality of care.