Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression and obesity: do shared genes explain the relationship?

Background: Studies have found a modest association between depression and obesity, especially in women. Given the substantial genetic contribution to both depression and obesity, we sought to determine whether shared genetic influences are responsible for the association between these two conditions. Methods: Data were obtained from 712 monozygotic and 281 dizygotic female twin pairs who are members of the community‐based University of Washington Twin Registry. The presence of depression was determined by self‐report of doctor‐diagnosed depression. Obesity was defined as body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2, based on self‐reported height and weight. Generalized estimating regression models were used to assess the age‐adjusted association between depression and obesity. Univariate and bivariate structural equation models estimated the components of variance attributable to genetic and environmental influences. Results: We found a modest phenotypic association between depression and obesity (odds ratio=1.6, 95% confidence interval=1.2–2.1). Additive genetic effects contributed substantially to depression (57%) and obesity (81%). The best‐fitting bivariate model indicated that 12% of the genetic component of depression is shared with obesity. Conclusions: The association between depression and obesity in women may be in part due to shared genetic risk for both conditions. Future studies should examine the genetic, environmental, social, and cultural mechanisms underlying the relationship between this association. Depression and Anxiety, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of LY 2228820 dimesylate , a potent and selective inhibitor of p 38 MAPK with anti-tumor activity

Characterization of LY2228820 dimesylate, a potent and selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK with anti-tumor activity Robert M. Campbell, Bryan D. Anderson, Nathan A Brooks, Harold B. Brooks, Edward M. Chan, Alfonso De Dios, Raymond Gilmour, Jeremy Graff, Enrique Jambrina, Mary Mader, Denis McCann, Songqing Na, Stephen Parsons, Susan Pratt, Chuan Shih, Louis F. Stancato, James J. Starling, Courtney Tate, Juan A. Velasco, Yong Wang, Xiang Ye. Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN ; Eli Lilly & Company, Alcobendas, Spain *Current Address: CrownBio, No. 21 Huoju Street, Changping District, Beijing, China
Transport Gap in Dual-Gated Graphene Bilayers Using Oxides as Dielectrics

Graphene bilayers in Bernal stacking exhibit a transverse electric (E) field-dependent band gap, which can be used to increase the channel resistivity and enable higher on/off ratio devices. We provide a systematic investigation of transport characteristics in dual-gated graphene bilayer devices as a function of density and E field and at temperatures from room temperature down to 0.3 K. The sample conductivity shows finite threshold voltages along the electron and hole branches, which increase as the E field increases, similar to a gapped semiconductor. We extract the transport gap as a function of E field and discuss the impact of disorder. In addition, we show that beyond the threshold, the bilayer conductivity shows a highly linear dependence on density, which is largely insensitive to the applied E field and the temperature.
Increased Participation in Weekend Physical Activity Reduces Postprandial Lipemia in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract This study examined the acute effect of increased participation in weekend physical activity on postprandial lipemia in postmenopausal women. Ten postmenopausal women, aged 63±4 years (mean±SD), completed 2 trials in a random order: 1) control trial and 2) active trial. In the control trial, participants maintained their usual weekend lifestyle. In the active trial, participants increased their weekend activities above their usual lifestyle levels, freely deciding the duration and intensity of their chosen activities. On Monday of each trial, participants rested and consumed a standardised breakfast and lunch. Capillary blood samples were collected in the fasted state (0 h) and at 2, 4 and 6 h after eating. In the active trial, participants increased their moderate to vigorous weekend physical activity by 16 min (mean±SD: 12.3±6.7 min vs. 27.9±11.9 min, P=0.009). Area under the capillary triacylglycerol concentration vs. time curve was 13% lower in the active trial than control trial (8.8±3.8 vs. 10.1±3.9 mmol/L∙6 h, P=0.024). These findings demonstrate that small increases in moderate to vigorous physical activity under a real-life setting lowers postprandial lipemia in postmenopausal women.
Caractérisation et analyse de la contamination fongique de l'habitat en Picardie

Introduction. L’impact sanitaire de l’exposition aux moisissures domestiques est un probleme emergent. L’objectif de cette etude prospective a ete de caracteriser la contamination fongique dans l’habitat Picard. Methodes. Une enquete environnementale a ete realisee dans trois groupes de logements: avec moisissures, occupes par des patients allergiques et controles. Elle comportait la mesure des temperatures, des taux de CO2 et d’humidite relative ainsi que l’identification et la quantification des moisissures sur echantillons d’air. L’identification a repose sur l’analyse morphologique ou un sequencage des colonies obtenues en culture. La quantification a repose sur le decompte des colonies en culture, une PCR quantitative (qPCR) et le dosage du glucane. Les resultats des trois groupes ont ete compares par le logiciel R. Resultats. Trente-deux logements ont ete inclus dans chaque groupe d’interet, 25 dans le groupe controle. Dans les logements avec moisissures, le taux de CO2 etait plus eleve (p<10-4), la temperature etait plus basse (p=0,03), la quantification fongique determinee par qPCR et la diversite fongique etaient plus importantes (p=0,02 et 9x10-4 respectivement). A. versicolor etait plus frequent (p=0,008) et plus concentre (p=4x10-4) dans les logements de patients allergiques. Les techniques de quantification etaient correlees (p<10-4). Discussion. Les differences mises en evidence soulignent l’importance de l’identification et de la quantification fongique lors des enquetes environnementales. La qPCR serait la methode la plus adaptee pour cette quantification. Cette etude a de plus apporte les premieres donnees de contamination fongique domestique en Picardie.
Atypical foci of histomoniasis lesions in a study of direct oral transmission.

SUMMARY An experiment is described in which three-week-old turkey poults exposed orally with blackhead-infected tissues developed lesions in unusual sites. Lesions were found in proventriculi, lungs, kidneys, and hearts, as well as in livers and ceca. The number of birds with lesions (75%) and the mortality rate (58%) were high in comparison with previous direct transmission of blackhead. The percentage of birds with lesions in each location is described by material used for exposure. Possible pathways used by the organisms to reach those locations are discussed.
Effects of obesity, energy restriction and neutering on the faecal microbiota of cats

Abstract Surveys report that 25–57 % of cats are overweight or obese. The most evinced cause is neutering. Weight loss often fails; thus, new strategies are needed. Obesity has been associated with altered gut bacterial populations and increases in microbial dietary energy extraction, body weight and adiposity. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in intestinal bacteria were associated with obesity, energy restriction and neutering by characterising faecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in eight lean intact, eight lean neutered and eight obese neutered cats before and after 6 weeks of energy restriction. Lean neutered cats had a bacterial profile similar to obese rodents and humans, with a greater abundance (P<0·05) of Firmicutes and lower abundance (P<0·05) of Bacteroidetes compared with the other groups. The greater abundance of Firmicutes in lean neutered cats was due to a bloom in Peptostreptococcaceae. Obese cats had an 18 % reduction in fat mass after energy restriction (P<0·05). Energy reduction was concurrent with significant shifts in two low-abundance bacterial genera and trends in four additional genera. The greatest change was a reduction in the Firmicutes genus, Sarcina, from 4·54 to 0·65 % abundance after energy restriction. The short duration of energy restriction may explain why few bacterial changes were observed in the obese cats. Additional work is needed to understand how neutering, obesity and weight loss are related to changes in feline microbiota and how these microbial shifts affect host physiology.
Breakdown Mechanisms in Sulphur-Hexafluoride

The well known breakdown theories, Townsend's generation mechanism and the streamer mechanism, are reviewed and applied to the results of breakdown in the strongly electronegative gas, sulphur-hexafluoride. Experimental results reported in the literature on the breakdown behavior of sulphur-hexafluoride are examined in the light of these theories. The breakdown theories are used for the estimation of the breakdown voltages in pure SF6. Other factors that may affect the breakdown characteristics of SF6 have been discussed. Further areas of work have been proposed in order to obtain a better understanding of the breakdown mechanism.
Respiratory measurement utilizing a novel laser displacement technique: normal tidal breathing.

UNLABELLED A novel technique for achieving plethysmography measurements utilizing noncontact laser displacement sensors is described. This method may have utility in measuring respiratory and pulmonary function similar to that of respiratory inductive plethysmography. The authors describe the apparatus and method and provide results of a validation study comparing respiratory excursion data obtained by (1) the laser sensor technique, (2) standard respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP), and (3) lung volume measurements determined by pressure variations in a control volume. Six healthy volunteers (five female, one male, ages ranging from 19 to 23 years) were measured for tidal breathing excursions simultaneously via all three measurement techniques. RESULTS Excellent correlation between the techniques was shown. Pairwise comparisons among all three measurement techniques across all subjects showed intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.995 in each case. These results indicate the laser plethysmograph (LP) system provides results that are, at a minimum, equivalent to those of the RIP at the two sites commonly measured by RIP. Use of the LP system has the potential to provide much more extensive and precise measurements of chest wall function and the respiratory musculature.
Multidimensional Aggregation of RSS Flows

The design and the debugging of large-scale MAS require abstraction tools in order to work at a macroscopic level of description. Agent aggregation provides such abstractions by reducing the complexity of the system’s microscopic representation. Since it leads to an information loss, such a key process may be extremely harmful for the analysis if poorly executed. This paper presents measures inherited from information theory to evaluate abstractions and to provide the experts with feedback regarding the quality of generated representations. Several evaluation techniques are applied to the spatial and temporal aggregation of an agent-based model of international relations. The information from on-line newspapers constitutes a complex microscopic representation of the agent states. Our approach is able to evaluate geographical abstractions used by the domain experts in order to provide efficient and meaningful macroscopic representations of the world global state.
Preoperative spinal artery localization and its relationship to postoperative neurologic complications.

PURPOSE To evaluate the risk of spinal cord revascularization and ascertain the relationship between preoperative spinal arteriography and the frequency of postoperative neurologic injury and overall morbidity and mortality in patients who require surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients scheduled for surgical repair of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm underwent spinal arteriography. All patients were divided into a positive spinal artery group (in which the spinal artery was identified) or negative spinal artery group (in which the spinal artery was not identified) and further divided based on extent of disease. RESULTS The complication rate of spinal arteriography was 4.6%; no patient had a permanent neurologic injury. No significant difference existed between the positive and negative spinal artery groups in occurrence of neurologic injury (P = .88) or combined morbidity and mortality (P = 51). CONCLUSION Patients who require spinal cord revascularization do not have greater frequency of neurologic injury or overall morbidity and mortality than those without this requirement. Spinal arteriography enables definitive spinal cord revascularization and thereby reduces the risk of neurologic injury.
Ordering Policy in a Two-Warehouse Environment for Deteriorating Items with Shortages under Inflationary Conditions

In this paper, the two-warehouse inventory problem is considered for deteriorating items with constant demand rate and shortages under inflationary conditions. In today's unstable global economy, the effects of inflation and time value of money cannot be ignored; as it increases the cost of goods. To safeguard from the rising prices, during the inflation regime, the organization prefers to keep a higher inventory, thereby increasing the aggregate demand. This additional inventory needs additional storage space that is facilitated by a rented warehouse. Further ahead, in the real business world, to retain the freshness of the commodity, most of the organizations adopt the first-in-first-out FIFO dispatching policy. FIFO policy yields fresh and good conditioned stock thereby resulting in customer satisfaction, especially when items are deteriorating in nature. However, the two warehousing systems usually assume that the holding cost of items is more in RW than the OW due to modern preserving techniques. Therefore, to reduce the inventory costs, it is economical to consume the goods of RW at the earliest. This approach is termed as Last-In-First-Out LIFO approach. The objective of the present research is to develop a two warehouse inventory model with FIFO and LIFO dispatching policies under inflationary conditions. Further, comparison between FIFO and LIFO policies has been exhibited with the help of a numerical example. Sensitivity analysis has also been performed to study the impact of various parameters on the optimal solution.
Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) #8: Private-Key Information Syntax Specification Version 1.2

This document represents a republication of PKCS #8 v1.2 from RSA Laboratories' Public Key Cryptography Standard (PKCS) series. Change control is transferred to the IETF. The body of this document, except for the security considerations section, is taken directly from the PKCS #8 v1.2 specification. This document describes a syntax for private-key information. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
SECONDARY HEADACHE ( M ROBBINS , SECTION EDITOR ) Headache and Pain in Guillain-Barré Syndrome

While moderate and severe back or extremity pain is frequent in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), headache appears to be uncommon. Most of the reports of headache in GBS place it in the context of the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) which is increasingly recognized as a likely dysautonomia-related GBS complication. There are also a few reports of headache in the setting of increased CSF pressure and papilledema and in association with the Miller Fisher GBS variant. In comparison, back and extremity pain is highly prevalent. Aching muscle pain and neuropathic pain are the two most common of several pain types. Pain may be a heralding feature and has been described in patients as long as 2 years after disease onset. Pain management is a major axis of treatment in GBS. Gabapentin is a reasonable first-line choice, and opioid medications can be added for more severe pain but there are few clinical trials to inform specific recommendations. While the understanding of pain pathophysiology in GBS is incomplete, its prevalence and clinical impact are increasingly recognized and studied. Pain should be considered a cardinal manifestation of GBS along with acute, mostly symmetric weakness and diminished reflexes.
RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT Enterovirus detections associated with severe neurological symptoms in children and adults in European countries 8 August 2016 6 09 August 2016

Since April 2016, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom (Wales) have reported severe enterovirus infections associated with a variety of different strains. Compared with previous years, the Netherlands and Germany also reported increased detection of enterovirus-D68 and other enteroviruses. In addition, Ireland reported an increasing number in enterovirus-associated viral meningitis cases.
Impaired Dynamic Balance Control in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis and Abnormal Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

Background: Both balance control dysfunction and dysfunction of the central nervous system have been proposed as being causative factors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), yet the relationship between these factors has not been investigated in detail. An intergroup comparative study was conducted to investigate the effect of abnormal somatosensory function on the dynamic balance parameters of girls with AIS. Methods: The relationship between dynamic balance control and abnormal somatosensory function seen in AIS patients was examined by studying the dynamic balance parameters in normal controls, in AIS patients with normal posterior tibial nerve somatosensory cortical evoked potentials (PTN-SCEPs), and in AIS patients with abnormal PTN-SCEPs. Gait parameters were recorded in 18 AIS girls (8 showing abnormal PTN-SCEPs and 10 showing normal PTN-SCEPs). Eight healthy age-matched volunteers served as a control group. Results: No significant left-right asymmetry of gait parameters was found for the controls or the AIS patients with normal PTN-SCEPs, whereas significantly higher gait parameters were found on the side of the curvature in the AIS patients with abnormal PTN-SCEPs. Conclusions: Somatosensory dysfunction in AIS patients shows to have an impact on dynamic balance control. Further studies to examine the association between somatosensory dysfunction and balance control and how they may be related to the etiology of AIS are recommended. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic study, level IV (case-control study).
Incidence and Prevalence of Epilepsy in Adults in Eastern Finland

Summary: In Finland, only limited data exist on the epidemiology of epilepsy in adults. This prompted us to study the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in a population over IS years of age, residing in Eastern Finland. In a retrospective study, various medical data sources were used to identify and reexamine all patients with established or suspected epileptic seizures during 1960–1979. A total of 1,233 patients with active epilepsy were identified. Mean annual incidence of epilepsy was 24/ 100,000. Age‐specific incidence ratios tended to increase with advancing age. Prevalence of active epilepsy was 629/100,000. Both prevalence and incidence were higher in males than in females. Age‐specific prevalence of active epilepsy increased until 40–50 years of age, and declined in the oldest age groups. Of the various seizure types, highest prevalence ratios were observed for partial secondarily generalized seizures, complex partial seizures, and tonic‐clonic seizures. Prevalence of partial seizures and generalized seizures had a different age‐related pattern.
Sibship size and prevalence of allergic disorders in Japan: The Ryukyus Child Health Study

A number of epidemiological studies have reported an inverse association between increasing sibship size and allergic disorders. The present cross‐sectional study assessed the association between the number of siblings and the prevalence of allergic disorders during the past 12 months in Japanese schoolchildren. Study subjects were 22,750 children aged 6–15 yr in Okinawa. The outcomes were based on diagnostic criteria from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Adjustment was made for age, gender, maternal age at childbirth, duration of breastfeeding, region of residence, smoking in the household, paternal and maternal history of asthma, atopic eczema, and allergic rhinitis, and paternal and maternal educational level. Significant exposure–response associations were observed between increasing total sibship size and all outcomes under investigation. Having two or more older siblings was significantly inversely related to the prevalence of atopic eczema and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, but not wheeze or asthma. Having two or more younger siblings was independently associated with a decreased prevalence of atopic eczema, but not wheeze, asthma, or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The inverse relationships between sibship size and the prevalence of allergic disorders under study were weakened with advancing age, although the interactions between age groups were not statistically significant. No significant interactions were found in the association of having three or more siblings with allergic disorders between children with a positive or negative parental allergic history. These results are likely to support the in utero programming hypothesis because it is probable that the in utero environment would change with parity, although our observations could not refute the hygiene hypothesis.
A parameter independent line fitting method

We prove that when a line is approximated using digital line, the error in the slope of the digital line has a definite upper bound and is strongly dependent on the two pixels chosen for defining the digital line. Thus, an analytical expression of the maximum deviation of the pixels from the digital line can be derived. Using this, the conventional line fitting methods that use maximum tolerable deviation as the optimization goal can be made control-parameter independent. This error bound can be used to make the most recent and sophisticated line fitting methods parameter independent and more robust to digitization noises. In our knowledge, this is the first line fitting method completely devoid of any control parameter. Such control-parameter independent line fitting algorithm retains the characteristics of the digital curve with sufficient reliability and precision and provides good dimensionality reduction in representing the digital curves. Extensive results have been generated for 9 datasets comprising of about a hundred thousand images. The proposed method shows robust and repeatable performance across all the datasets with low standard deviation in the performance.
Wind Farm Wake: The 2016 Horns Rev Photo Case

Offshore wind farm wakes were observed and photographed in foggy conditions at Horns Rev 2 on 25 January 2016 at 12:45 UTC. These new images show highly contrasting conditions regarding the wind speed, turbulence intensity, atmospheric stability, weather conditions and wind farm wake development as compared to the Horns Rev 1 photographs from 12 February 2008. The paper examines the atmospheric conditions from satellite images, radiosondes, lidar and wind turbine data and compares the observations to results from atmospheric meso-scale modelling and large eddy simulation. Key findings are that a humid and warm air mass was advected from the southwest over cold sea and the dew-point temperature was such that cold-water advection fog formed in a shallow layer. The flow was stably stratified and the freestream wind speed was 13 m/s at hub height, which means that most turbines produced at or near rated power. The wind direction was southwesterly and long, narrow wakes persisted several rotor diameters downwind of the wind turbines. Eventually mixing of warm air from aloft dispersed the fog in the far wake region of the wind farm.