Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Display of Functional Values for Debugging

Functional values are used naturally in higher order functional programs, as they are commonly passed around or returned by other function. As such any debugger for these languages must be capable of conveying information about functional values to the user. Current debuggers are limited to displaying the name of the function, or a partial application. In this paper we study two alternative methods of displaying functional values, and their effect on a popular debugging method (Algorithmic Debugging).
The Development and Research Trends of Artificial Intelligence in Neuroscience: A Scientometric Analysis in CiteSpace

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an interdiscipline that aims to create and enhance the intelligence of machines and robots. Neuroscience has a tight connection with AI, which is also one of the earliest research fields that neuroscience attempted to carry out. This paper focused on the development and research trends of AI in neuroscience with the help of a latest scientometric tool, CiteSpace II. It allowed us to grasp the research frontiers and trends of AI in neuroscience through the analysis of data concerning AI and neuroscience between 1990 and 2012. We found that cluster #5 heart rate variability was most likely to be the emerging trends and some technologies will be more frequently used in neuroscience research.
Collaborative problem solving and program development model

A model to enhance collaborative problem solving and program development is presented. The collaborative model is a detailed cognitive model that takes into consideration the cognitive and social activities that occur during collaborative problem solving and program development. The cognitive activities required for collaborative problem solving and program development are identified and integrated into a six-stage model. An extensive literature review in the associated fields is presented to show the need for the model described in this dissertation. In addition, a comprehensive study of tools to support collaboration during problem solving and program development was also performed as well as a critique of these tools. A detailed statistical experiment to study the effect of this model on subjects collaboratively solving a software problem was designed and executed. The experiment included testing the collaborative problem solving and program development model with and without assistance from groupware tools. The subject teams each constructed a software design and this design was evaluated based on research hypotheses. This experiment produced results indicating the positive effect the Collaborative Model has on problem understanding and the quality of solution planning during collaborative problem solving and program development efforts.
Detailed investigation of the cause of impotence in 20 diabetic men

To clarify the cause of their impotence, 20 diabetic patients underwent detailed assessments of: diabetic autonomic neuropathy (acetylcholine sweatspot test, pupil test‐PD%, five cardiovascular tests); vascular disease (radioisotope phallogram, response to intracorporeal papaverine); nocturnal penile rigidity; psychiatric disturbance (General Health Questionnaire).
City compactness assessment based on Multi-criteria decision making and Bayes theorem

In recent decades, compact urban development and smart cities are recognized as most sustainable urban form in an effort to protect natural environment and decrease air and water pollution. Therefore, evaluation of existing compactness and sustainability of an area is an essential task before the real development takes place. There are few studies regarding city compactness assessment and most of them have considered only a few aspects of compact development analysis. This paper, analyzed urban sustainability of Kajang city (Malaysia) through a comprehensive city compactness assessment using Geographical Information System and latest remote sensing technology. Mixed land use development, urban density and intensity were the main indicators of the analysis. Finally multicriteria decision-making and Bayes theorem was applied for overall compactness assessment. The results classified the zones of the Kajang city in the range of least to most compact zones with the compactness. These promising results can help local government to improve the compactness of least compact zones to make Kajang city more sustainable. Furthermore, the results revealed that efficient public transportation and proper community facilities are the key factors to achieve sustainable urban development.
Closure of patent ductus arteriosus with oral acetaminophen in preterm neonates: A randomized trial

Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common cardiac problems in preterm neonates which could lead to morbidities, such as chronic lung disease, intraventricular hemorrhage and retinopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral acetaminophen on closure of PDA in preterm neonates. Methods: Sixty-nine neonates with significant PDA (confirmed through echocardiography) were recruited in this study. Ibuprofen and indomethacin were contraindicated in these neonates These newborns were randomly divided into two groups of cases (n=36) and controls (n=33). The case group was treated with oral acetaminophen at a dose of 15 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours for 72 hours. The control group did not receive any intervention. After 72 hours, both groups were re-evaluated by echocardiography. In case of failed closure of PDA, the second course of treatment would be administration of acetaminophen. The main outcome of this study was to evaluate the rate of closure of PDA and the side effects of the acetaminophen. Results: The overall rate of PDA closure in the acetaminophen-receiving group was 94.4%; the ductus arteriosus was closed in 75% of patients with the first course of treatment. Moreover, 19.4% of patients did not respond to the first course of the treatment but their ductus arteriosus was closed with the second course of acetaminophen treatment. Of the patients, 5.6% did not respond to both courses of acetaminophen treatments. For the control group, the closure rate of PDA was 15.1%. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that oral acetaminophen is an effective alternative treatment for PDA in preterm neonates.
Exploiting Disk Layout and Block Access History for I/O Prefetch

As the major secondary storage device, the hard disk plays a critical role in modern computer system. In order to improve disk performance, most operating systems conduct data prefetch policies by tracking I/O access pattern, mostly at the level of file abstractions. Though such a solution is useful to exploit application-level access patterns, file-level prefetching has many constraints that limit the capability of fully exploiting disk performance. The reasons are twofold. First, certain prefetch opportunities can only be detected by knowing the data layout on the hard disk, such as metadata blocks. Second, due to the non-uniform access cost on the hard disk, the penalty of mis-prefetching a random block is much more costly than mis-prefetching a sequential block. In order to address the intrinsic limitations of filelevel prefetching, we propose to prefetch data blocks directly at the disk level in a portable way. Our proposed scheme, called DiskSeen, is designed to supplement file-level prefetching. DiskSeen observes the workload access pattern by tracking the locations and access times of disk blocks. Based on analysis of the temporal and spatial relationships of disk data blocks, DiskSeen can significantly increase the sequentiality of disk accesses and improve disk performance in turn. We implemented the DiskSeen scheme in the Linux 2.6 kernel and we show that it can significantly improve the effectiveness of filelevel prefetching and reduce execution times by 20-53% for various types of applications, including grep, CVS, and TPC-H. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-850-5.ch010
Improving the Bandwidth Efficiency of Multiple Access Channels: using Network Coding and Successive Decoding

In this thesis, different approaches for improving the bandwidth efficiency of Multiple Access Channels (MAC) have been proposed. Such improvements can be achieved with methods that use network coding, or with methods that implement successive decoding. Both of these two methods have been discussed here. Under the first method, two novel schemes for using network coding in cooperative networks have been proposed. In the first scheme, network coding generates some redundancy in addition to the redundancy that is generated by the channel code. These redundancies are used in an iterative decoding system at the destination. In the second scheme, the output of the channel encoder in each source node is shortened and transmitted. The relay, by use of the network code, sends a compressed version of the parts missing from the original transmission. This facilitates the decoding procedure at the destination. Simulation based optimizations have been developed. The results indicate that in the case of sources with non-identical power levels, both scenarios outperform the non-relay case. The second method, involves a scheme to increase the channel capacity of an existing channel. This increase is made possible by the introduction of a new Raptor coded interfering channel to an existing channel. Through successive decoding at the destination, the data of both main and interfering sources is decoded. We will demonstrate that when some power difference exists, there is a tradeoff between achieved rate and power efficiency. We will also find the optimum power allocation scenario for this tradeoff. Ultimately we propose a power adaptation scheme that allocates the optimal power to the interfering channel based on an estimation of the main channel's condition. Finally, we generalize our work to allow the possibility of decoding either the secondary source data or the main source data first. We will investigate the performance and delay for each decoding scheme. Since the channels are non-orthogonal, it is possible that for some power allocation scenarios, constellation points get erased. To address this problem we use constellation rotation. The constellation map of the secondary source is rotated to increase the average distance between the points in the constellation (resulting from the superposition of the main and interfering sources constellation.) We will also determine the optimum constellation rotation angle for the interfering source analytically and confirm it with simulations.
Medición ecográfica del espesor medio-intimal carotídeo en pacientes pediátricos con obesidad, hipercolesterolemia familiar y diabetes tipo 1

Ultrasonography measurement of carotid intima-media thickness in pediatric patients with obesity, familial hypercholesterolemia and type 1 diabetes. Purpose. To evaluate by ultrasonographic images carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as an early marker of cardio- vascular risk (CVR) in patients with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC), type 1 diabetes (DBT-1) and Obesity (OB), compared to a healthy control group. Materials and Methods. A prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. We evaluated the IMT of common carotid (cc) arteries and included in a single dichotomic vari- able other structural modifications of the wall (atheromatous plaques and intima irregularities). US was blinded to the blood tests results (as recommended by the 2007 Mannheim consensus) from 121 patients (aged 6 to 18 years): 24 FHC, 40 DBT-1, 43 OB, and 14 controls. Patients with other dis- eases that could alter the arterial wall were excluded. Variables were analyzed using the Statistix 8 program. Results. The three groups had a higher IMT than the con- trol group, with these differences being statistically signifi- cant. Mean IMT (mm) were 0.59 (0.31-2.15), p: 0.006, CI 0.06 to 0.36 in FHC; 0.48 (0.3-0.85), p: 0.001, CI 0.06-0.14 in obesity; and 0.46 (0.25-0.65), p: 0.0004, CI 0.03-0.13 in DBT-1. Control group: 0.37 (0.30-0.45). The major differ- ence was observed in FHC patients. No association was found between LDL-C value and IMT. Upon the examina- tion, 62.5% were receiving pharmacotherapy. In DBT-1 no association was found between IMT and the levels of HbA1c and lipids. In the OB group there was no association between IMT and BMI Z-score. Atheromatous plaques and intima irregularities were found in 31% of FHC patients, 8% of DBT-1 patients, and 6% of OB patients. Conclusion. Ultrasonographic IMT measurements demon- strated that patients with chronic diseases and increased CVR at adulthood presented early changes in the carotid intima-media at childhood. This allows clinical prevention strategies and therapeutic guidance. Keywords. Cardiovascular Risk. Children. Type 1 Diabetes. Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Intimal-Medial Thickness. Obesity. Ultrasound.
XML Veritabanı için Tavlama Benzetimi ile Sorgu Optimizasyonu

Bu calismada tavlama benzetimi kullanilarak XML sorgu optimizasyonu gerceklestirilmistir. XML sorgulamada, sorgu agacinda yer alan dugumlerin birlestirilmesi gerekmektedir. Dugumlerin birlestirilme siralamasi sorgu maliyetini belirleyen en onemli etkendir. Bu calismada, dugumlerin siralamasi tavlama benzetimi ile gerceklestirilmistir. Uygulama C#. NET 2.0 dili ile hazirlanmis ve acik kaynak Timber XML veritabani yonetim sistemi kullanilarak deneysel sonuclar alinmistir. Deneysel sonuclar klasik yontemlere gore daha kolay uygulanabilen tavlama benzetiminin XML sorgu optimizasyonunda basarili oldugunu gostermistir.
Automatic Alignment of Tectogrammatical Trees from Czech-English Parallel Corpus

ii Acknowledgements I thank my supervisor, Ing. ZdeněkŽabokrtsk´y, Ph.D., for many insightful conversations during the development of the ideas in this thesis, and for helpful comments on the text. Many thanks go to annotators – Martin Popel, ZuzanaŠkardová, Jiří Januška, and Dr. phil. Markus Giger – for careful work on word alignment and for their numerous helpful suggestions. I would like to thank my family and my girlfriend Pavlína for their support throughout the duration of work on this thesis. I certify that this diploma thesis is all my own work, and that I used only the cited literature. The thesis is freely available for all who can use it. Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to implement and evaluate a software tool for automatic alignment of Czech and English tectogrammatical trees. The task is to find correspondent nodes between two trees that represent an English sentence and its Czech translation. Great amount of aligned trees acquired from parallel corpora can be used for training transfer models for machine translation systems. It is also useful for linguists in studying translation equivalents in two languages. In this thesis there is also described word alignment annotation process. The manual word alignment was necessary for evaluation of the aligner. The results of our experiments show that shifting the alignment task from the word layer to the tectogrammatical layer both (a) increases the inter-annotator agreement on the task and (b) allows to construct a feature-based algorithm which uses sentence structure and which outperforms the GIZA++ aligner in terms of f-measure on aligned tectogrammatical node pairs. This is probably caused by the fact that tectogram-matical representations of Czech and English sentences are much closer compared to the distance of their surface shapes. Název práce: Automatické párování tektogramatick´ych stromů z ˇ cesko-anglického par-alelního korpusu Autor: David Mareček Katedra (´ ustav): ´ Ustav formální a aplikované lingvistiky Vedoucí diplomové práce: Ing. ZdeněkŽabokrtsk´y, Ph.D. Abstrakt: Cílem této práce je implementovat a zhodnotit softwarov´y nástroj pro auto-matické zarovnávání (alignment) ˇ cesk´ych a anglick´ych tektogramatick´ych stromů. ´ Ukolem je najít odpovídajicí si uzly stromů, které reprezentují anglickou větu a jejíčesk´y překlad. Velké množství zarovnan´ych stromů získan´ych z paralelního korpusu může b´yt užitečné pro trénování modelu pro transfer strojového překladu. Zároveň může posloužit lingvistům při studování překladov´ych ekvivalentů mezi dvěma jazyky. V´ysledky našich experi-mentů ukazují, ˇ ze přesunutím problému alignmentu ze slovní roviny na tektogramatickou (a) zv´yšíme mezianotátorskou shodu (b) …
Don’t Stop the Music: Does the Thin Ideal in Pop Music Lyrics Affect Women’s Body Image During Exercise?

Viewing music videos emphasizing the thin ideal female body has been shown to have a negative impact on body image in young women, including increased body dissatisfaction, social comparisons, self-objectifications and body size discrepancies. However, it is unclear whether the changes in body image outcomes are due to the highly objectified images of women representing the thin ideal or the lyrics of the songs. This study aimed to explore the effects of music lyrics on body image during exercise in physically active female university students. A repeated measures design was used; 29 women completed two conditions in which they were asked to walk or run for 30 minutes while listening to music. In one condition, the negative music lyric condition, songs referred explicitly to women’s appearance, objectified the female body, or referenced the thin ideal. In the neutral music lyric condition, the songs did not refer to appearance at all. Participants completed state measures of mood, body satisfaction, self-objectification and body appreciation prior to and following each of their walks/runs. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed following each walk/run and total distance traveled was recorded. Results indicated a statistically significant time effect (all ps < 0.05) for all outcomes except self-objectification, with women reporting feeling more confident, physically attractive, appreciative of their body, happier and feeling less fat, anxious, depressed and angry from preto post-exercise following both conditions. There were no effects of condition and no interaction effects. There were no differences between condition for RPE or distance travelled. This study highlights the positive effects exercise has on body image and mood outcomes and suggests that exercise may buffer the possible negative effects of objectifying lyrics. Music that is motivational, even with appearance-focused lyrics, may not be harmful to body image in exercise settings and may be used to keep women happier and more positive about their body following exercise.
Vision Assistant: A Human–computer InterfaceBased On Adaptive Eye-tracking

The Vision Assistant is designed as an intelligent tool to assist people with different disabilities. The goal of this project is to replace the mouse and keyboard by an adaptive eye-tracker system (so called mouseless cursor) which Using a camera, it works with a pattern recognition algorithm based on a Hough–transform core to process the streaming image sequences. This technique is known for its performance in locating given shapes. In particular, it is used to extract the shapes that relate to the human eye and analyze them in real–time with the purpose of getting the position of an eye in an incoming image and interpreting it as the reference position of a mouse cursor on the user’s monitor. The possibility of the Hough transform parallelization and its execution on the Hubel–Wiesel Neural Network for ultra fast eye-tracking is also discussed in this paper. The results of several experiments in this paper proved that the system performs quite well with different colours of the subjects’ eyes as well as under different lighting conditions. In the conclusion we paid attention to the problems of further improvement of the functional and algorithmic parts of the Vision Assistant.
A case-control study of sleep-related factors and occupational injuries at an Italian teaching hospital

Background: Sleep disorders have been associated with increased risk of occupational injuries in various settings. Purpose: We investigated the associations between sleep, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype (preference for morning or evening activities) and the risk of occupational injuries in an Italian teaching hospital. Methods: A case-control study of employees of the University Hospital of Udine, Italy, was conducted on 200 employees reporting occupational injuries and 183 controls. Information was collected on usual sleep quantity and quality. Sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Chronotype was assessed with the Horne–Ostberg morningness–eveningness questionnaire. The association of sleep-related exposures with the risk of injury was assessed with multivariate unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for potentially confounding individual characteristics. Results: Among sleep-related variables, the number of reported sleep disturbances was positively related with occupational injuries, whereas daytime sleepiness was inversely associated with injuries. Cases had shorter usual sleep hours than controls, although the difference was not statistically significant. No association was found between usual sleep hours and injuries. Chronotype was not significantly associated with injury, although we observed a decreasing trend in risk of injury from morning to evening chronotypes. Conclusions: Self-reported sleep disturbance was positively associated with increased risk of occupational injury in an Italian hospital. However, contrary to expectation, daytime sleepiness was inversely related to injuries.
The Risk Factors for Increased Post-Voiding Residual Urine Volume after Long-Term Anticholinergic Therapy in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Overactive Bladder

Purpose: Adding anticholinergics to the treatment regimen of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with overactive bladder (OAB) elicits concern about deterioration of obstructive symptoms and the possibility of urine retention. We evaluated the risk factors increasing post-voiding residual (PVR) volume with long-term anticholinergics therapy of over 1 year in patients with BPH and OAB. Materials and Methods: We selected patients with BPH and OAB from 2005 to 2007 who were more than 40 years old, were treated with αblockers, had an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 or more, and had an IPSS urgency score of 2 or more for OAB. The 98 patients selected were evaluated by age, diabetes mellitus, central nervous system (CNS) disease above the brain stem, prostate volume, uroflowmetry, PVR volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and IPSS retrospectively. We evaluated risk factors for increasing PVR volume over 50 ml and 100 ml after treatment and analyzed the risk factors both univariately and multivariately. Results: Age, diabetes mellitus, CNS disease, PSA level, prostate volume, initial PVR volume, peak urine flow rate (≤15 ml/s), use of anticholinergics, and no use of 5-α-reductase inhibitor, which were regarded as risk factors for increasing PVR volume, were analyzed for their relation with PVR volume over 50 ml and 100 ml, respectively. Age, initial PVR volume, CNS disease, and use of anticholinergics were significantly associated with an increased PVR volume over 100 ml in the univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, age, initial PVR volume, CNS disease, and use of anticholinergics remained significantly associated with an increased PVR volume over 100 ml. Conclusions: Age (≥65 years), initial PVR (≥50 ml), long-term therapy with anticholinergics of over 1 year, and CNS disease appear to be risk factors for increasing PVR volume over 100 ml in patients with BPH and OAB. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:982-988) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏