Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CFS Working Paper No . 2008 / 17 Learning , Endogenous Indexation and Disinflation in the New-Keynesian Model *

This paper introduces adaptive learning and endogenous indexation in the New-Keynesian Phillips curve and studies disinflation under inflation targeting policies. The analysis is motivated by the disinflation performance of many inflation-targeting countries, in particular the gradual Chilean disinflation with temporary annual targets. At the start of the disinflation episode price-setting firms’ expect inflation to be highly persistent and opt for backwardlooking indexation. As the central bank acts to bring inflation under control, price-setting firms revise their estimates of the degree of persistence. Such adaptive learning lowers the cost of disinflation. This reduction can be exploited by a gradual approach to disinflation. Firms that choose the rate for indexation also re-assess the likelihood that announced inflation targets determine steady-state inflation and adjust indexation of contracts accordingly. A strategy of announcing and pursuing short-term targets for inflation is found to influence the likelihood that firms switch from backward-looking indexation to the central bank’s targets. As firms abandon backward-looking indexation the costs of disinflation decline further. We show that an inflation targeting strategy that employs temporary targets can benefit from lower disinflation costs due to the reduction in backward-looking indexation. JEL Classification: E32, E41, E43, E52, E58
Accelerated Senescence of Cancer Stem Cells: A Failure to Thrive or a Route to Survival?

Accelerated senescence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents an adaptive response allowing withstand cell death. TP53, the pivotal tumor suppressor plays an important role in this process by inducing a prolonged dual state with senescence and self-renewal as potential outcomes. Molecularly, this is achieved by activating both OCT4A (POU5F1) and p21CIP1. OCT4A suppresses the excessive activity of p21 preventing the immediate precipitation of apoptosis or terminal senescence. It persists as long as sufficient cellular energy remains; generated through autophagy, itself sequestrating p16INK4A in the cytoplasm. As such, autophagic capacity is the bottleneck of these TP53-dependent senescence reversal processes, as well terminal senescence will follow if DNA damage is not ultimately repaired. In TP53 mutants the CSC-like state is boosted by stressed cells overcoming the tetraploidy barrier. These cells acquire additional DNA repair capacity through mitotic slippage and entrance to a sequence of ploidy cycles, allowing repair and sorting DNA damage, ultimately facilitating the genesis of mitotically competent daughter cells following final depolyploidisation. Again, autophagy is required to fuel this process. More detailed knowledge of these arcane processes anticipates the provision of anti-cancer drug targets, such as AURORA B kinase and Survivin, which ensure mitotic slippage and the continuity of ploidy cycles.
On the Antitrust Economics of the Electronic Books Industry

When Apple entered the ebook market, prices rose. A recent court decision found Apple guilty of colluding with publishers, blaming the price hike, in part, on agency agreements and prohibiting their use. Building a model to compare these with traditional wholesale agreements, we identify a single, pivotal condition that leads prices under agency to be higher than under wholesale with two-part tariffs but lower with linear pricing. Our model shows that the increase in ebook prices can be explained, instead, by heightened competition for reading devices, and it guides our understanding of when restricting agency agreements is advisable.
Exhibit Differential Functions of Various Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Broiler Growth, Immune Response and Gastrointestinal Physiology

3 Abstract: Six-hundred forty broilers were allotted into four dietary supplementation of none, 55 pp m bacitracin, 2.5 ppm nosiheptide, or 55 ppm Oxytetracycline (OTC) in a corn-soybean meal basal diet with eight pens in each treatment to investigate the effects of added various Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) in diet on growth performance, immune response and gastrointestinal physiology. Data showed that nosiheptide supplementation but not bacitracin or OTC increased feed efficiency in starter period. The nosiheptide decreased the small intestine weight, IgA-positive cells along the intestinal tract and ileal mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) concentration but bacitracin and OTC increased the IgA-positive cells in ileum. The nosiheptide supplementation group also elevated ileal sucrase and maltase activities and reduced the Lactobacillus counts in rectal contents as compared to the other treatment groups. In conclusion, the enhanced disaccharidase activity, diminished rectal Lactobacillus counts and reduced immune activated status are possibly the important factors for the improvement of feed efficiency of broilers on dietar y nosiheptide supplementation from days 0-21.
Stochastic Modeling of Energy Commodity Spot Price Processes with Delay in Volatility

Employing basic economic principles, we systematically develop both deterministic and stochastic dynamic models for the log-spot price process of energy commodity. Furthermore, treating a diffusion coefficient parameter in the non-seasonal log-spot price dynamic system as a stochastic volatility functional of log-spot price, an interconnected system of stochastic model for log-spot price, expected log-spot price and hereditary volatility process is developed. By outlining the risk-neutral dynamics and pricing, sufficient conditions are given to guarantee that the risk-neutral dynamic model is equivalent to the developed model. Furthermore, it is shown that the expectation of the square of volatility under the risk-neutral measure is a deterministic continuous-time delay differential equation. The presented oscillatory and non-oscillatory results exhibit the hereditary effects on the mean-square volatility process. Using a numerical scheme, a time-series model is developed to estimate the system parameters by applying the Least Square optimization and Maximum Likelihood techniques. In fact, the developed time-series model includes the extended GARCH model as a special case.
Hypoglycemic Effect due to Insulin Stimulation with Plantago major in Wistar Rats.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia, which causes secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organ systems. Several times the Plantaginaceae family have been reported as crude drugs with hypoglycemic effect mainly attributed to their high fiber content [5]. Objective: The current study was hypothesized to investigate the beneficial effects of methanol extract from the aerial part of Plantago major (Pm) on hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses Alloxan induced diabetes mellitus, and in normal rats. Materials and methods Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 100mg/kg body weight Alloxan. Normal and Diabetic rats were administered with distilled water, methanol extract of Plantago major and glibenclamide, and then, compared in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Results Methanol extract of P. major was evaluated in OGTT in either normal or moderate or severe Alloxan induced diabetic rats (100 mg / kg -by intraperitoneal injection-). Oral administration of methanol extracts at doses of 500mg/kg body weight showed that the extract promotes glucose uptake in rats with the efficient insulin-secreting pancreas secreting pancreas (that have pancreatic cells capable of secreting insulin). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that Plantago major exerts antidiabetic activity by stimulating secretion of insulin and producing a hypoglycemic effect. These results suggest that the methanol extract from the entire Pm plant will be useful in the treatment of patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
Towards Fully Reconfigurable Multimedia Platforms

This paper describes a novel approach to implement multimedia access platforms: reconfigurable oriented codesign. Nowadays we observe a rapid and mutant evolution of multimedia standards and its de facto adoption into many consumer electronics, such as audio/video appliances, digital set-top boxes for TV access networks, mobile technologies and portable digital assistants (PDAs). Among the disadvantages of current multimedia access platforms, we can mention the relative high cost, the very short obsolescence cycles, the communication and computational performance limitations, the large sizes of software components, and system architectures that do not match future multimedia standards requirements. To overcome these, we propose the use of a reconfigurable computing architecture to implement a family of multimedia access platforms. As an example, we present an implementation of a multimedia access platform that runs a web browser (HTML 3.2 compatible) over a 32-bit RISC microprocessor, described using less than 256 Kbytes of data to represent software and hardware components on a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
InterdIscIplInary expertIse: new tasks and areas of dIagnostIc cooperatIon for forensIc psychologIsts*

The present state of forensic psychology and psychiatry requires a fresh assessment of the circumstances in which the justice system uses specialist knowledge of the principles and processes that underlie the human psyche and particularly mental health. The multidisciplinary and complementary approach to diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation that is now standard practise when dealing with various mental disorders also requires the re-evaluation of the traditional criteria applied to the knowledge and skills of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. while psychological and psychiatric knowledge is becoming increasingly more integrated, this trend is taking hold only slowly in forensic psychology and psychiatry. Given that the current legal provisions increasingly require the submission of complex psychiatric-psychological expert opinions, the issue appears worthy of further consideration. The complex approach to expert opinions has both advantages and drawbacks. There is a risk in preparing an interdisciplinary opinion of “mixing up” the concepts and terms used by experts in different specialisations and of encounter ing methodological difficulties. on the other hand, it would seem that drawing up complex expert opinions of interdisciplinary scope is now indispensable and a strong argument for the validity of the proposed approach may be made by referring to the positive experience with the DsM classification system. This paper analyses the principles and fields of psychiatric-psychologi cal cooperation to produce expert opinions that arise from the provisions of the criminal and civil law. The issues involved are non-accountability, the imposition of preventive measures, prediction, assessing violence risk and certain civil law questions, such as incapacitation and declaration of will, which pose problems in preparing expert opinions. The model of psychiatricpsychological cooperation adopted by the legislator does not fully reflect the range of knowledge, skills and abilities involved in psychiatric and psychological practise and is not an internally coherent or consistent solution. Nevertheless, it does create the conditions for such cooperation to take place.
DISCOUNT AND PREMIUM AWARDS IN THE CONTEXT OF PRE-EXISTING ESOP CONDITIONS

This study examines interactions between pre-award ESOP restrictive conditions and award discounts/premiums that characterized executive stock option awards in Australia from the mid1980s to 2000. Shareholder wealth effects at award suggest that (i) shareholders generally do not gain from offering discounts because associated value increments do not exceed the cost of the discount, (ii) premium awards coupled with exercise restrictions appear to be used to ameliorate the risk of CEO opportunism associated with irregular awards, and (iii) shareholders suffer a wealth decrement when premium awards are used to ameliorate the disinvestment incentive of inferior CEO dilution protection. The second of these findings implies risk of CEO opportunism. A major implication is that award discounts/premiums are used to modify the conditions of pre-existing ESOPs that presumably are dated and no longer optimal for addressing current incentive problems. Analyses of the optimality of award discounts/premiums should take this into account.
Nonlinear Modulation of Wave Propagation in Spherical Shell Model and Modified Zhang Model Using Free Space Model as a Bench-Mark

This paper presents nonlinear modulation of wave propagation in spherical shell model (SSM) and modified Zhang model (MZM) using free space model (FSM) as a bench-mark. A typical non-linearity is the change in the dielectric constant due to electromagnetic (EM) wave field that propagates through a medium. By modulation, we mean the characteristic departure of EM waves’ propagation in both media as opposed to the free space propagation. Maxwell’s equations were used to derive the basic equation that govern the propagation of electromagnetic waves in nonlinear media. The equations of the models were found to be nonlinear and their solution were obtained numerically using Runge-Kutta scheme implemented in Matlab software. The spatial EM wave profile graphic displays were supplemented by the symmetric spatial Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. The symmetric implementation of the FFT meant that the actual number of modes present in any solution was half the number of observed spikes. The free space model (FSM) showed periodic propagation for all frequencies ( examined corresponding to a wavenumber per frequency. The result only serves to give some level of confidence that the algorithm performed well. The MZM supports a variety of characteristics. There are amplitude amplifications or wave steeping, lossless or solitary propagation and multiplicity of modes for all frequencies examined. However, at the fundamental frequency , the SSM is capable of exhibiting amplitude amplification without attenuation. The EM wave propagation characteristics of the MZM and SSP showed that materials which could be fabricated according to this model would be very useful as EM wave guides as they could support waves without losses as opposed to the present known commercial optical fibers. Keywords: Nonlinear modulation, Wave propagation, Spatial Electromagnetic wave.
SEVEN REALMS OF CHILDREN'S PARTICIPATION

Children’s participation in cityplanning and design has enjoy ed increased interest among policymakers, designers, and researchers. This activitybuilds on a well-established bodyof research and practice that suggests that urban environments are best planned with the direct participation of children and youth. We believe that this work has reached a stage of maturityin need of critical re£ection and review so that it can be more eiective in the future. This paper presents a historical and critical review of children’s participation in cityplanning and design. Past participatoryeiorts with children are discussed as seven realms or approaches to their child participation. We characterize these realms as advocacy, romantic, needs, learning, rights, institutionalization, and proactive. We propose a seventh, proactive realm as a more integrative and eiective wayto involve children in design and planning. Utilizing the authors’ own projects as brief case studies as well as research of others, bene¢ts as well as limits to participation are identi¢ed. Special emphasis is placed on developing critical theorythat can be used in future research and practice. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd
Antimicrobial Effects of Thymoquinone on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia

Protozoa are one of the three chief types of parasites that lead to diseases in humans. Protozoan Infections are contagious and can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route.1,2 Blood protozoa can be transmitted through a third source such as insects.3 There are four main groups of protozoa according to how they move. That includes the sarcodina (ameba), mastigophora (flagellates), ciliophora (ciliates) and the Sporozoa.4,5 Many parasitic diseases are known to clinicians and public health professionals, which includes trichomoniasis, babesiosis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, african sleeping sickness, giardiasis and amoebiasis.6 Giardiasis is transmitted through oral contact and caused by Giardia lamblia and known as intestinal protozoan diseases.7 Amoebiasis is caused by sarcodina group of protozoa (Such as Entamoeba histolytica) that invade body tissues.8,9 The ailments triggered by protozoan parasite are accountable for substantial mortality and morbidity, distressing more than 500 million of the world population. The epidemiological management of protozoan is insufficient due to complicatedness of vector and reservoir control; while the progress in the development of protozoan vaccine is slow and arduous. Currently, the chemotherapy stays necessary constituent of both clinical management and disease control programmer in prevalent areas. The medications in utilization as anti-protozoan agents were discovered over 60 years and a number of issues limit their usefulness such as: high cost, drug resistance, poor compliance, low effectiveness and deprived safety. Recently, the searches for new drugs against protozoa parasite have been increased and more interest has been put on the traditional medicine, especially herbal remedies.10,11 Seeds’ oil of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae), is widely used as a food and cure.12,13 Experimental studies confirmed that the plant is respiratory stimulant, diuretic, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and analgesic. Previous phytochemical reports showed that the seed contain alkaloids, tannins, steroids and flavonoids.13-15 Thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient of Nigella sativa, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimcrobial and anti-tumor activities. The current study was designed to assess the Effects of thymoquinone on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.
Gestures in Contemporary Music Performance: A Method to Assist the Performer’s Artistic Process

In this paper, we propose a method to assist a performer in dealing with the challenges of contemporary music performance. Such a method aims at making a performer’s artistic process (which is based on cognitive and sensorimotor schemes) more explicit, in order to better understand the relationship between goals, actions, and sounds. The method does not provide a heuristic that will automatically lead to a new performance model. Rather, it is meant to assist performers in (re)framing their interpretative outlooks while rendering their performative code explicit with the help of innovative mirror-like technologies. First we provide a general framework for understanding music performance, based on the notion of performance spaces and frames, and on recent insights in embodied interactions with music. Next we elaborate on how to approach the development of such understanding through performance research. Then we apply this framework to the performance of contemporary music, describing two complementary analysis approaches, in which we focus on analysis from a third-person perspective, and from a first-person perspective, respectively. The paper concludes with a discussion about the method and its value for both research and performance.
Using ecosystem services modelling to explore conflict mitigation in the coastal zone

Integrated coastal zone management is an emerging governance practice which aims at combining environmental preservation, economic development and social concerns in the context of complex ecosystem dynamics and increasing anthropogenic pressures. Coastal managers need socio-environmental integrated models in order to investigate the consequences of policy options which apply to different sectors simultaneously and pursue multiple objectives. The ecosystem services concept is equivalent for natural and social sciences; it offers a framework for a better understanding of users’ conflicts regarding natural resources and the environment. This paper presents a model-based assessment of the ecosystem services supplied by freshwater in the coastal zone, under various local management options. The model is built through a participatory experiment which has been carried out in a coastal area of the Atlantic side of France, called “Pertuis Charentais”, according to the methodology developed by the European project SPICOSA (Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment). The modelled socio-ecosystem is centred on the Charente river catchment. The stakeholders chose the allocation of freshwater as the core issue for integrated coastal zone management. They considered that freshwater provides mainly “support services” for natural habitats and shellfish farming and “provisioning services” for households and agriculture. The model is intended to produce a wide range of indicators for the integrated assessment of these ecosystem services. The model is used to support the deliberative process engaged with local managers in order to explore new rules for water allocation, their consequences on ecosystem services and their meanings in terms of conflict mitigation. For that purpose, the model will also allow for an economic assessment based on two methods (productivity losses and remediation costs).
Candida spp. In linear gingival erythema lesions in HIV- infeceted children: reports of six cases

Linear gingival erythema (LGE), formally referred as HIV-gingivitis, is the most common form of HIV-associated periodontal disease in HIV-infection. These lesions were recently evaluated as a possible form of erythematous oral candidosis, mainly caused by Candida albicans. Other species are also being associated such as C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. dubliniensis, that was identified in some HIV-infected subjects. This case report demonstrates the presence of typical LGE lesions in six HIV-infected children, also investigates the etiologic agent by microbiological exams and correlates this oral manifestation with patients’ systemic conditions. Microbiological analyses showed positive growth for Candida spp in all patients, all of whom had severe imunessupression. After antifungal medication, the regression of lesions could be note. The presence of LGE in pediatric patients with AIDS may indicate its feature as a predictive marker in progression of HIV-infection in children.
Data Mining in Molecular Biology: A Journey From Raw Datasets to Biologically Meaningful Conclusions

st century computer science allows to reach a new complexity level of computational analysis which is still rapidly growing beyond our imagination, constantly increasing the limits of human possibilities. But despite the technological advancement the limit is set by the human mind which is not capable of grasping such huge amounts of information. The problem of modern bioinformatics doesn't always concern the tremendous calculations time but the amount of experiment results that we produce which sometimes require complex processing to be acquired by a human. This work presents the possibilities of modern genomics available thanks to the data and analysis methods, gathered trough the last quarter of a century and problems which arise when one aims to test hundreds of independent hypothesis in order to reveal the secrets of the DNA.