Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HEALTH OF STUDENTS IN THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES

This article is an attempt to summarize and systematize the theoretical approaches and empirical researches in the area of health with respect to the Russian students. Formation and development of social and physical capacities of students takes place in a dynamically changing institutional environment of higher education institution and reforming the education system, which increases the risks of ill health of studying youth. By the method of qualitative analysis of the sociological, medical and social literature, sources, researches, it have been identified and described the main theoretical approaches and the fields of empirical researches of health of the Russian students. The paper concludes that it is the need to apply the principle of complementarity in relation to the study of health of the students and the possibility of closure of the concepts for general scientific principle of additionality to receive a more comprehensive picture of health of the students. A combination of approaches and methods of sociological, psychological and medical science in the framework of a longitudinal study of a permanent panel of students will enable to collect more in-depth information on the dynamics and the relationship of the physical and social health, its transformation in the conditions of dynamic institutional environment of the higher education institution.
GEF-H1

Vesicle trafficking is crucial for delivery of membrane compartments as well as signaling molecules to specific sites on the plasma membrane for regulation of diverse processes such as cell division, migration, polarity establishment and secretion. Rho GTPases are well-studied signaling molecules that regulate actin cytoskeleton in response to variety of extracellular stimuli. Increasing amounts of evidence suggest that Rho proteins play a critical role in vesicle trafficking in both the exocytic and endocytic pathways; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the process remains largely unclear. We recently defined a mechanism of action for RhoA in membrane trafficking pathways through regulation of the octameric complex exocyst in a manuscript published in Developmental Cell. We have shown that microtubule-associated RhoA-activating factor GEF-H1 is involved in endocytic and excocytic vesicle trafficking. GEF-H1 activates RhoA in response to RalA GTPase, which in turn regulates the localization and the assembly of exocyst components and exocytosis. Our work defines a mechanism for RhoA activation in response to RalA signaling and during vesicle trafficking. These results provide a framework for understanding how RhoA/GEF-H1 regulates the coordination of actin and microtubule cytoskeleton modulation and vesicle trafficking during migration and cell division.
University of Birmingham When and How to Transfer Knowledge in Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimisation

—Transfer learning has been used for solving multiple optimization and dynamic multi-objective optimization problems, since transfer learning is able to transfer useful information from one problem to help solving another related problem. This paper aims to investigate when and how transfer learning works or fails in dynamic multi-objective optimization. Through computational analyses on a number of dynamic bi-and tri-objective benchmark problems, we show that transfer learning fails on problems with ﬁxed Pareto optimal solution sets and under small environmental changes. We also show that the Gaussian kernel function used in the existing transfer learning-based method is not always adequate. Therefore, transfer learning should be avoided when dealing with problems for which transfer learning fails and other kernel functions should be used when the Gaussian kernel is inadequate. This paper proposes novel strategies and kernel functions that can be used in such cases. Experimental studies have demonstrated the superiority of our proposed techniques to state-of-the-art methods, on a number of dynamic bi-and tri-objective test problems.
Multi-subject Task-related fMRI Data Analysis via Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis *

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most popular methods for studying the human brain. It measures brain activity, by detecting local changes of Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain, over time, and can be used in both task-related and resting-state studies. In task-related studies, our aim is to determine which brain areas are activated when a specific task is performed. Various unsupervised multivariate statistical methods are being increasingly employed in fMRI data analysis. Their main goal is to extract information from a dataset, often with no prior knowledge of the experimental conditions. Generalized canonical correlation analysis (gCCA) is a well known statistical method that can be considered as a way to estimate a linear subspace, which is "common" to multiple random linear subspaces. We propose a new fMRI data generating model which takes into consideration the existence of common task-related and resting-state components. We estimate the common spatial task-related component via a two-stage gCCA. We test our theoretical results using real-world fMRI data. Our experimental findings corroborate our theoretical results, rendering our approach a very good candidate for multi-subject task-related fMRI processing.Clinical Relevance—This work provides a set of methods for amplifying and recovering commonalities across subjects that appear in data from multi-subject task-related fMRI experiments.
Developmental anatomy of the fleshy storage organ of Daucus carota

Abstract does not appear. First page follows. The present study of the anatomy of the fleshy, edible storage organ of the carrot plant (Daucus carota L.) describes, in different stages of development, the tissues making up this organ and interprets its gross morphological features in terms of histological details. This investigation was completed when a paper by (Havis (1939))3 on the anatomy of the hypocotyl and root of the carrot appeared in press. Since Havis’ article gives fewer ontogenetic details and emphasizes other points than the present study, a publication of the latter constitutes no duplication of material. Material and Methods Seedlings obtained by germinating carrot seed upon moistened moss in desiccators served for the study of the earliest stages. Larger plants were grown in a sandy soil in a greenhouse. The seed was of the variety Imperator. The material, killed in a chrom-acetic-formalin solution (Rawlins, 1933), was imbedded in paraffin after being dehydrated with ethyl and butyl alcohols. The microtome sections were stained with the combination of tannic acid and iron chloride recommended by (Foster (1934)). Certain seedlings cleared in lactic acid were particularly useful in studying the transition region.
DEPTH-DEPENDENT ROUGHNESS IN NON-STATIONARY 2D HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING FOR HYDROPEAKING ASSESSMENT

Ecohydraulic investigations studying the effects of hydropeaking on fish are gaining in importance. In this work, a semi-empirical formula for the depth-dependent roughness coefficient based on the advanced formulation of the log-law for flows with low relative submergence is derived. The new approach allows accounting for the dynamic changes of roughness along shallow river banks during hydropeaking events. Hydraulic modeling is performed using the SRH 2D model implementing a linear look-up function for the depth-dependent Manning’s coefficient in each model element at each time step. The new approach reduces the model calibration efforts by replacing fixed roughness values with physically based depth-dependent relations. We show how this new approach allows for a more precise prognosis of water surface elevation evolution with time. The approach is tested on a 7 km long river reach of the river Lech (southern Germany) to assess the hydropeaking effects on juvenile fish.
Uptake and polar transport of indoleacetic acid in moss rhizoids

Rhizoids of the moss Funaria liygrometrica Sibth. (L.) accumulate auxin in a manner similar to whole protonctnata. In the base of rhizoids auxin accumulation is always higher than in the tip. Auxin is transported in rhizoids from the tip to the base. The auxin transport is strictly polar. This can be explained by the different pattern of auxin accumulation in tip and base of rhizoids which represents a good model for the chemiosmotic hypothesis of polar auxin transport. The involvement of such a polar transport in moss development is discussed.
Male-biased sex ratios in broods of the cooperatively breeding bell miner Manorina melanophrys

We examined the sex ratios of adults and nestlings in the cooperatively breeding bell miner Manorina melanophrys. Males were over-represented among helpers (mean of 6.8 male helpers per nest compared to 0.3 female helpers). 58% of nestlings sampled were identified as male using a molecular genetic marker. This was a significant departure from parity, yet the magnitude of the bias varied between years. The beneficial and male-biased nature of helping behaviour in this species and the similar size of male and female nestlings suggest the net cost of raising males is lower than the cost of raising females. Consequently, the male-biased sex ratio of nestlings we observed is consistent with the predictions of the repayment hypothesis that females may bias the production of their young towards the more helpful sex. Difficulties of generating quantitative predictions from repayment models that can be tested in the field are discussed.
The avian basophilic leukocyte: a review

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of the avian basophilic leukocyte. It includes a description of the general morphology of the cell derived from light and electron microscopy. The relative and absolute counts of basophils in different species are described, including the current status of the cytochemical constituents in their characteristic granules. The role of the basophil during the acute inflammatory response following exposure to non-infectious and infectious agents is examined. In birds basophils appear to play an important role in early inflammatory and immediate hypersensitivity reactions, but differ from those in mammals by not contributing to delayed hypersensitivity. They are crucial participants in cutaneous basophilic hyper-sensitivity reactions and in passive cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. The role of the basophil in the stress response in birds is discussed. When some birds are exposed to severe stress a basophilia develops – a physiological response that may be unique to birds.
Barrier effect of normal microbiota against Clostridium difficile may be influenced by drugs devoid of antibiotic activity

Germ-free mice associated with human faecal microorganisms were used as a model of the microbial barrier against C. difficile . In this model, the production of toxins A and B by C. difficile was studied after oral treatment with phenothiazines (chlorpromazine and cyamemazine), methotrexate and an antibiotic (clindamycin). After 4 wks oral administration of chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg/day) and cyamemazine (35 mg/kg/day), neither the number of C. difficile nor the levels of toxin A and B in faecal pellets differed from those of untreated mice. C. difficile failed to establish in the intestine of mice colonised with human faecal microorganisms; neither toxin A nor B were detected in the faecal pellets of these animals. After treatment with clindamycin (10 d; 75 mg/kg/day) and methotrexate (4 wks; 250 mg/kg/day), the concentration of C. difficile in the faecal pellets was stable, and toxin B, but not toxin A, was detected. These results show that both clindamycin and methotrexate are able to disturb the intestinal barrier effect, whereas phenothiazines had little such effect. Keywords - Clostridium difficile , Barrier microbiota, Colonisation resistance.
Nutrients responses of Pleurotus ostreatus to slow frozen storage in the short term

To improve the understanding of changes happening with nutrients in Pleurotus ostreatus during slow frozen storage in the short term, the metabolite contents of the fruiting body were evaluated. The effects of slow freezing and short-term storage on the variations of nutrients were studied at two temperatures, −20 and −30 °C, at various time points during storage. The contents of reducing sugars and vitamin C at all the treatments showed sustained downward trends. In the pileus, the contents of polysaccharide, proteins, and amino acids increased at first, and then decreased. In the stipe, the contents of all the measured substances maintained a slow decline. The variations of α-amylase showed a general downward trend with the freezing time. The fluctuation of the activity of POD implied reactive oxygen species production. Significant differences between the freezing/storage at −20 °C and −30 °C were observed in the contents of polysaccharides, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids and vitamin C. In brief, when 30 min slow freezing was applied, the contents of most of the compounds showed a downward tendency or “up-down” trend because of ice damage.
Driving Forces of Marine Fisheries and Seafood Export of Bangladesh: Augmented Gravity Model Approach

Due to the gradual expansion of marine fisheries and seafood trade in the world market, marine economic sectors are emerging as an influential catalyst for the economic growth of Bangladesh as it possesses a long marine water area. This study aims at finding out the driving forces of marine fisheries and seafood export of Bangladesh. It applies augmented gravity model for a panel dataset of 40 countries of 1990-2011 and 17 countries of 2005-2011 for marine fisheries and seafood respectively and uses distance, two dummy variables namely regional trade agreement (RTA) and food safety standards (HACCP) along with some key macroeconomic variables. Some sensitivity tests have been conducted to obtain robust results. The mixed findings suggest that both RTA and HACCP have significant negative impact on the export of marine fisheries whereas RTA shows a positive impact on the export of seafood. Distance does not have a significant impact on either of the cases.
Fraud Detection in Health Insurance Claims using Machine Learning Algorithms

Fraud can be spread broadly and it is extremely costly to the therapeutic protection framework. Unscrupulous protection might be a case created to cover up or twist information that is intended to deliver social insurance edges. Cheats might be of the numerous sorts and submitted by the protection guarantor or the safeguarded. The unscrupulous social insurance providers are the reason for extortion in the wellbeing segment. The commitment of this case misrepresentation discovery is Associate in nursing trial study on extortion recognizable proof and exploitative examples. Along these lines, to identify the misrepresentation information handling procedures are utilized. For the most part essential based oddities are implemented exploitation applied math call rules and k-means, rule based mining and affiliation rule bolstered appropriation calculations are applied. Through these abnormalities the extortion in certifiable information is recognized. Be that as it may, there might be a great deal of progress done by exploitation various information handling procedures. In this way the arranged methodology has been assessed basing on the protection information and furthermore the trial results from our methodology are efficient in human services misrepresentation. Other self-advancing misrepresentation location ways can likewise be applied on this protection information
Cytogenetic Markers in Wild Population of Curimbata (Prochilodus lineatus) from Mogi-Guacu River

Within the genus Prochilodus, the species Prochilodus lineatus is certainly the most studied one from a cytogenetic point of view. In this study, a cytogenetic characterization of specimens of P. lineatus from Mogi-Guacu River was performed in the period from 2003 to 2007, through utilization of cytogenetic markers, such as Giemsa, Ag-NOR, C-banding and cytogenetical-molecular markers (FISH) to detect both 5S and 18S ribosomal genes. All analyzed individuals presented 2n=54 meta/submetacentric chromosomes, besides bearing up to 7 supernumerary microchromosomes. Polymorphic NORs were detected on a single chromosomal pair. The constitutive heterochromatin was distributed at centromeric region of all chromosomes in the A complement, while the microchromosomes were totally heterochromatic. A syntenic distribution of 5S and 18S ribosomal genes was detected, comprising the NOR-bearing chromosomal pair. No additional ribosomal clusters in other chromosomes were observed. Although the karyotype features are commonly conserved within the genus Prochilodus, the few differences on the distribution of both ribosomal genes and heterochromatin when compared to specimens of P. lineatus from other localities can be associated to the evolutionary changes that these repetitive sequences have undergone through the years.
INVESTIGATION OF SMARTPHONE USAGE AS PROBATIONARY TOOL WITH A PRELIMINARY DESIGN

The advance of technology has helped the societies a great deal in various ways. From access to required information for even simplest tasks to communicating with others, technology is utilized in abundance in our daily lives. Therefore, this shift from analog to digital world has changed the way people do things. For example, the education system has adapted itself to this new era by adopting the tools, devices and techniques brought forth by these new technological advancements [2, 3]. For most of us, seeing someone reading a hard copy book or paper in public places has become an unusual event, something that looks like it is from an old movie; instead, devices with electronic reading capabilities are preferred. Of course these kind of technological advances bring ease with it. We can now carry thousands of books with us everywhere and read whichever we want on the go, which was probably some sort of a dream only a couple decades ago.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and consequent cerebral ventricular enlargement due to imbalance of CSF production and absorption. The typical triad symptoms, namely cognitive decline, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence, are thought to be caused by disruption of CSF circulation. However, some patients may still experience symptomatic progression after functional shunting, suggesting that iNPH is far more complicated than a simple disorder of CSF circulation. Moreover, the diagnostic workup of iNPH can be challenging due to symptomatic and neuroimaging overlaps with other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, accumulating studies indicate that the pathogenesis of iNPH might relate to multiple mechanisms, including abnormalities of brain development, brain extracellular matrix, synaptic function, blood flow, and cerebral metabolism. Therefore, iNPH is not an isolated entity in occurrence and development. Nevertheless, different pathogeneses may result in protein content changes in CSF, and the biomarkers in CSF may reflect the possible mechanisms involving the etiology of iNPH and are potentially useful in assisting the diagnosis and treatment selection. In this review, we summarize the main findings of CSF biomarkers and aim to outline a possible synthetic profile in assisting iNPH diagnosis and therapeutic options.
Temporal variation in total leaf phenolics concentration of Quercus robur in forested and harvested stands in northwestern Spain

Phenolic compounds show intraspecific variation and this may be important in resistance of plants to herbivory. Changes in total leaf phenolics concentration in young Quercus robur L. trees growing under pine canopies and those growing in recently tree harvested areas were studied for 3 years in northwestern Spain. The oaks from the felled areas had a greater leaf phenolics concentration than those under pine canopies and showed less variation between individuals from the population. The average leaf phenolics concentrations also varied significantly between study years. The variations during leaf development and growth are in accordance with the majority of hypotheses that explain investment in secondary metabolism compounds. Leaf phenolics concentrations decreased rapidly during leaf maturity and senescence, but this decrease depended on the time of leaf shedding, the concentration being substantially lower in the year when leaves had been attached longer to the tree. Variation of leaf phenolics concent.
The food and feeding ecology of the giant petrels Macronectes halli and M. giganteus at South Georgia

Giant petrels are the chief scavenging seabirds in the Southern Ocean. Quantitatively analysed regurgitations from chicks of both Macronectes halli and M. giganteus at Bird Island, South Georgia throughout the chick rearing period consisted predominantly of adult Macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus. Significant quantities of burrowing petrels and krill were taken but the amount varied in different years. Only male M. halli fed regularly at fur seal carcases. Although 10 species were found in regurgitations, squid were unimportant in the diet. Fish are possibly more important during the winter. Intersexual differences in diet were of greater significance than interspecific ones with males taking more carrion and females more crustaceans. Chicks were fed during both day and night and in both species males received significantly more food than females during the fledging period. M. giganteus chicks received more than M. halli at all ages. Despite their extensive reliance on carrion both species take a variety of prey and this may be especially important during the winter when penguin and seal carrion is scarce.
Therapeutic targeting of JAKs: from hematology to rheumatology and from the first to the second generation of JAK inhibitors

Several cytokines and growth factors, as well as their downstream signalling pathways, are implicated in the pathogenesis of haematological and immune-mediated diseases. These mediators act through binding to their cognate receptor and activation of one or more of the four Janus family tyrosine kinases (JAKs). Gene knock-out studies together with evidence from patients carrying activating mutant forms of JAKs (eg, JAK2 V617F in myeloproliferative disorders) provided strong rationale for the development of JAK inhibitors. Based on encouraging preclinical data showing the capacity of JAK inhibitors to suppress the signalling from multiple cytokines, an extensive drug development program was set out, with the initial successful introduction of tofacitinib, baricitinib and ruxolitinib in various chronic rheumatic and myeloproliferative diseases, respectively. Importantly, advancements with the design of next-generation, hyper-selective JAK inhibitors hold promise for the better control of inflammation, while reducing the risk for harms, in an expanding spectrum of medical disorders.