Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for magnesium

5 Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies 6 (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for magnesium. The Panel considers that Average 7 Requirements (ARs) and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) for magnesium cannot be derived for adults, 8 infants and children, and therefore defines Adequate Intakes (AIs), based on observed intakes in healthy 9 populations in the EU. This approach considers the range of average intakes of magnesium estimated by EFSA 10 from dietary surveys in children and adults in nine EU countries. For adults, an AI for magnesium is set at 11 350 mg/day for men and 300 mg/day for women. For children aged 1 to < 3 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 12 160 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 3 to < 10 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 230 mg/day for both 13 sexes. For children aged 10 to < 18 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 300 mg/day for boys and 250 mg/day for 14 girls. For infants aged 7–11 months, an AI for magnesium of 80 mg/day is derived by extrapolating upwards from 15 the estimated magnesium intake in exclusively breast-fed infants aged 0–6 months and by considering observed 16 average intakes in the few surveys for which data were available. For pregnant and lactating women, the Panel 17 considers that there is no evidence for an increased need for magnesium, and the same AI is set as for non18 pregnant, non-lactating women. 19 © European Food Safety Authority, 20YY 20
6.P.04 ANALYSIS OF STERNOTOMY AS TREATMENT OPTION FOR THE RESECTION OF BILATERAL PULMONARY METASTASES IN PEDIATRC SOLID TUMORS

Radical surgical resection of metastases is an important prognostic factor for survival of patients suffering from solid pediatric tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of median sternotomy as treatment option for the resection of multiple bilateral lung metastases in children with different tumor entities. Furthermore, the sensitivity of preoperative imaging (CT) was assessed by intraoperative findings. Between 2002 and 2007, thirteen children (4x sarcoma, 4x nephroblastoma, 5x hepatoblastoma) underwent median sternotomy for resection of bilateral lung metastases after R0 – resection of the primary tumor. In 6/13 cases, the sternotomy was combined with the primary tumor resection. Median patients at the first operation age was 5 years (range: 11 months – 17 years). The median total number of resected metastases per operation was 9 and ranged from 0 to 65. In 13/16 operations, the intraoperative number of metastases did not agree with the preoperative radiological work-up. Median hospital stay was 14 days (range from 9 to 36 days). 10/13 children are alive after a median follow–up of 13 months (range from 6 to 66 months). Median sternotomy is an adequate treatment modality for the resection of bilateral pulmonary metastases as a one stage procedure. The combination of primary tumor resection with sternotomy should be considered as treatment option. Complete resection of metastases of solid pediatric tumors should be aimed for in order to increase the survival of these patients.
GaN/InAlN chirped short period superlattice as strain free top cladding for blue laser diode

This work presents the theoretical study on strain-free chirped short-period superlattices (C-SPSLs) as the top waveguide core and cladding layers for InGaN laser diodes (LDs) emitting at 450 nm. The total 530 nm thick layers of reference LD containing 100 nm p-GaN waveguide, 30 nm Al0.15Ga0. 85N electron blocking layer (EBL) and Al0.065Ga0. 935N cladding layers are replaced by 300 nm thick C-SPSL which contains the 33-periods of 10 monolayers (ML) GaN/ 2 ML In0.18Al0. 82N, 48-periods of 6 ML GaN/2 ML In0.18Al0. 82N, and 97-periods of 2 ML GaN/ 2 ML In0.18Al0. 82N. The optical confinement factor of reference LD is 3.28% whereas for C-SPSL LD it is 3.42%. The better optical confinement at reduced thickness using C-SPSL is due to the high refractive index contrast. The strain in the C-SPSL is negligible. The electron leakage has reduced from 2.54 kA cm−2 to 0.166 kA cm−2 at ∼10 kA cm−2 injected current density, whereas the hole transportation has improved by 2.31 kA cm−2. The C-SPSL configuration also favors the electron blocking effect, thus EBL is not required in C-SPSL design. The light output power at a current injection of 500 mA (10 kA cm−2) is 248 mW for the new structure and ∼143 mW for reference LD. The slope efficiency is improved from ∼0.55 to ∼0.89 W A−1. Also, the dynamic resistance from I–V characteristic is ∼1.12 Ω which is lowered to ∼0.94 Ω.
Struktur Kecepatan Seismik di Bawah Gunung Merapi dan Sekitarnya Berdasarkan Studi Tomografi Seismik Waktu Tempuh

Periode erupsi Gunung Merapi yang relatif pendek menjadi penyebab banyaknya ahli ilmu kebumian meneliti proses yang terjadi, baik di bawah permukaan maupun di bagian puncak gunung api tersebut. Jaringan seismik DOMERAPI yang terdiri dari 53 stasiun seismik digunakan untuk memahami karakteristik reservoir magma utama di bawah Gunung Merapi dengan periode perekaman data dari bulan Oktober 2013 sampai pertengahan bulan April 2015. Sejumlah 464 gempa berhasil dideteksi oleh jaringan seismik DOMERAPI dengan mayoritas gempanya berada di luar jaringan seismik tersebut karena Gunung Merapi pada saat itu berada dalam keadaan tidak aktif. Gempa-gempa yang berada di luar jaringan seimik tersebut digunakan untuk mendeliniasi reservoir magma utama di bawah Gunung Merapi. Reservoir magma utama di bawah Gunung Merapi teridentifikasi pada kedalaman sekitar 15 km di bawah permukaan laut (MSL) yang dicirikan dengan Vp dan rasio Vp/Vs yang tinggi serta Vs yang rendah. Keberadaan reservoir magma dangkal yang berkaitan dengan fluid percolation juga teridentifikasi dengan jelas pada studi ini yang berada pada kedalaman kurang dari 5 km di bawah MSL yang dicirikan dengan Vp yang rendah, rasio Vp/Vs yang tinggi dan Vs yang rendah. Adapun keberadaan reservoir magma dalam Gunung Merapi tidak berhasil diidentifikasi pada studi ini karena keterbatasan resolusi data seismik. The relatively short eruption period of Merapi volcano is the reason for many earth scientists to investigate the processes that occur both beneath the surface and at the top of the volcano . The DOMERAPI seismic network consisting of 53 seismic stations was installed to understand the characteristics of the main magma reservoir under the volcano with a period of data recording from October 2013 to mid-April 2015. A total of 464 earthquakes were detected by DOMERAPI seismic network with the majority of the earthquake occured outside the seismic network because the volcano was inactive at that time. The earthquakes are used to delineate the main magma reservoir beneath the volcano. The main magma reservoir was identified at a depth of 15 km below mean sea level (MSL,) which is characterized by high Vp, a high Vp/Vs ratio and low Vs. The existence of shallow magma reservoirs related to fluid percolation was also clearly identified in this study which was at a depth of less than 5 km below MSL which was characterized by low Vp, a high Vp/Vs ratio and low Vs. The existence of deep magma reservoir was not identified in this study because of the limited resolution of seismic data.
Aplicações móveis com interação médico-paciente para um estilo de vida saudável: uma revisão sistemática

Lifestyle medicine has as main goal to help individuals to prevent and treat diseases that restrict a healthy life. To assist this process, many digital solutions are being researched and developed. The objective of the study on which this article bases is to identify which mobile technology applications providing doctor-patient interaction aim to contribute to the improvement of healthy lifestyle. Thus, we performed a systematic review of literature in electronic databases Science Direct, IEEE, Springer and ACM, in May 2015. We included studies that describe the use of mobile technologies and have intervention mechanism between patient and professional, in order to effectively contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Five from 541 articles found satisfy the eligibility criteria and were analyzed in the
Persistently Excited Adaptive Relative Localization and Time-Varying Formation of Robot Swarms

In this article, we investigate the problem of controlling a multirobot team to follow a leader in formation, supported by a relative position estimate derived from distance and self-displacement measurements, thus waiving the need of external localization infrastructure. The main challenge of the problem, which is to simultaneously fulfill both relative localization and control tasks, is efficiently and novelly resolved by embedding a distance-displacement-based persistently excited adaptive relative localization technique into a time-varying formation with bounded control input (PEARL-TVF). By assuming that the leader is globally reachable and by selecting proper parameters, it is shown that the PEARL-TVF ensures exponentially convergent localization, which leads to exponentially convergent formation when the leader's behavior is deterministic, and bounded formation error for a nondeterministic leader. Numerical simulations and experiments on quadcopters are provided to verify the theoretical findings.
Effect of Phytase and Citric Acid on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and its Antibacterial Activity against Fish Pathogens of Nile tilapia Fingerlings

This experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of phytase, citric acid and their interaction on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, economic evaluation and its antibacterial activity against fish pathogens of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Nine isonitrogenous 30 % CP and isocaloric 450.26Kcal/100g experimental diets were prepared. Phytase was added at the level 0, 1000 and 2000 FTU/kg diet while citric acid was added at the level of 0, 30 and 60 g in the experimental diets. Six hundred and seventy five of Nile tilapia fingerlings were placed randomly in twenty seven V-shaped fiber tanks 120 L capacity of water /tank, in three replicates per treatment was used in this study. Each tank stocked with twenty five fingerlings of with an average initial body weight of 12.47±0.3g /fish. Fish were acclimated to laboratory conditions for 2 weeks prior before the experimental started. Photoperiod was 12h light/ 12h dark regulate. Fish were hand-fed to satiation, two times daily for six days a week through the whole experimental period (60 days). The results indicated that the best growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia fingerlings fed on D5 (1000 FTU phytase / kg + 30g citric acid/ kg) and the lowest group fed on control diet (D1). While, antibacterial activity showed that citric acid alone and citric acid with phytase had highest activity and gave wide inhibition zones against all tested and isolated bacteria which infect Nile tilapia compare with different used antibiotics. Phytase and citric acid positively affected the growth performance, feed utilization, whole body composition and antibacterial activity against in Nile tilapia (O.niloticus) fingerlings. Moreover, both the supplements interacted significantly with each other for these parameters and that the fish fed on diet No. 5, containing 1000 FTU phytase / Kg with 30 g citric acid/ kg, gave the best results.
Partiforskning i komparativ politik

How are party organisations studied within political science, and in particular, within comparative politics? In this article, we sketch out the tradition and main research contributions and provide theoretical reflections on how parties organize. We address the thesis of party decline of the 1980s and 1990s, and point to the focus on party change, rather than decline, from then on. We show the wealth of party organization studies and focus on the comparative studies, the specialization into subfields of party leadership, candidate nomination, party membership and party financing, and in the final section we point to the newest tendencies of personalization, new forms of affiliation and links to social movements. The overall conclusion is that the research field of political party organizations within comparative politics is, like political science in general, becoming more heterogeneous, specialized and quantified. Fewer general monographs and more journal articles dealing with a limited number of party organization characteristics are published, and while the qualitative research methods have not disappeared, they have given way to much more quantitative studies. There is a link between, on the one hand, how parties of the real world organize as well as the data that researchers have access to, and on the other hand, how the research field develops.
Genetic and environmental factors associated with hypodontia

INTRODUCTION Hypodontia, or tooth agenesis, is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in humans. It may occur as part of a recognised genetic syndrome or as a nonsyndromic isolated trait. Excluding third molars, the reported prevalence of hypodontia ranges from 1.6 to 6.9 %, depending on the population studied. Most affected individuals lack only one or two teeth, with permanent second premolars and upper lateral incisors the most likely to be missing. Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the aetiology of hypodontia, with the latter playing a more significant role. Hypodontia individuals present a significant clinical challenge for orthodontists because the treatment time is prolonged and the treatment outcome is generally compromised. Hence, the identification of genetic and environmental factors may be particularly useful in the early prediction of this condition and the development of prevention strategies and novel treatments in the future.
A Rapid Assay of Cytosine Arabinoside Uptake and Metabolism by Acute Myeloid Leukaemic Cells Using a Bioluminescent Bacterial Biosensor.

We have already reported the construction and evaluation of a self-bioluminescent reporter strain of E. coli with high sensititivity to the nucleoside analogue cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) the mainstay of treatment in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (Blood, 106 (11), Abstr. 2473; 695a). This rapid assay, which uses a bioluminescent biosensor to measure intracellular levels of Ara-C and its active metabolite Ara-CTP, has been utilised in leukaemic cell lines KG1a (FAB type M0) which is sensitive to Ara-C and THP-1 (FAB type M5) which is partially insensitive to Ara-C due to over expression of cytidine deaminase (cdd). It has also been used in primary cultures of AML cells from six patients with M0 (n=1), M2 (n=2), M3 (n=1) and M4 (n=2). Intracellular concentrations of Ara-C as low as 0.05 μM can be detected by an increase in light output from the bacterial biosensor. The technology is suitable for the quantitation of response to clinical Ara-C doses (between 25–100μM) in less than 8 hours. Results from the KG1a cell line with known sensitivity to Ara-C showed correlation between the rapid assay and a 3 day cytotoxicity test of Ara-C sensitivity. Preliminary tests with the six clinical marrow samples showed 100% concordance with clinical outcome within eight hours of commencing the assay (vide infra: Table 1). In newly diagnosed AML patients, only 70% are sensitive to Ara-C therapy. Interestingly, in our hands, the M3 patient was Ara-C insensitive despite the fact that, most commonly, M3 patients do not express p-glycoprotein and therefore do not require Ara-C. Our small cohort of patients were disproportionately insensitive to Ara-C and therefore had a poor outcome overall. This assay system is potentially suitable for prescreening AML samples prior to commencement of Ara-C containing chemotherapy regimens. It may also give information on relative Ara-C sensitivity thus permitting dose adjustment and prevention of unnecessary toxicity to other organs. The assay could be repeated at relapse to document clonal evolution and decide whether Ara-C can be used to achieve a second remission. Work is currently underway with an industrial partner to look at commercialisation of this assay.
Study of clinical profile of tuberculosis in HIV infected patients with special reference to CD4 T cell count and its oral manifestation

Aim: To study the clinical profile of tuberculosis in HIV infected patients and to compare the different clinical data with their CD4 counts with reference to oral health. Material Methods: Total 100 cases attending Department of Medicine /ART center at RIMS Ranchi were selected and their clinical profile was studied. The variations in clinical presentation with changing CD4 cell count were evaluated. Results: Most common presenting symptoms were fever (78%) cough (75%) and breathlessness (62%). Most common associated clinical oral findings were oral candidiasis (34%) and lymphadenopathy (33%). Among extra pulmonary tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the most common presentation (18%). Mean CD4 counts in patients with sputum positive TB was 226.71±52.895 and in sputum negative TB was 108.49±74.684 and in extra pulmonary tuberculosis was 138± 52.895. 85.7%. Sputum positive cases were seen with CD4 counts<50 cells/ micro/l. Conclusion: HIV and tuberculosis was closely linked. Most commonly presented with pulmonary involvement and high number of cases showed extrapulmonary involvement and oral manifestations. Hence proper screening is important for proper diagnosis.
Study of Smile Detection Methods

A happy face or smile is a common expression in our daily life. This brings out basic emotions which are hidden emotions, like satisfaction and happiness. This is the most powerful and challenging tasks in social communication. Smile detection is a feature of a digital camera that resists the image from being captured until and unless person is smiling. Smile detection is divided into two parts or phases. Firstly, it detects a face from image or video, then waits for smile. In more detail we can say, a motion detector splits the image or video into frames, then analyzes frameworks such as flash and balanced level for the facial region. When a person laughs or smiles, the camera detects a deformation by identifying multiple criteria, such as raised cheeks, upturned mouth visible teeth, and narrowed eyes, etc. Detection of smile is done in many applications like automatic image capturing, interactive systems, patient monitoring, product rating, video conferencing, etc. Effective representation of smile is important for smile detection and image retrieval applications. In this report we have studied various smile detection methods and proposed two smile-detection models. In the first model we use LBP and SOM classifier. The second model is extended version of first models. The second model has two consecutive actions: 1) amalgamation of Geometric Feature Extraction (GFE) and regional Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features extraction using autoencoders; 2) Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is adopted to classify smile based on these features. A comprehensive evaluation of the proposed models on a benchmark dataset GENKI-4K for smile detection shows a notable improvement in terms of performance measures on respective datasets as compared to the other popularly used smile detection methods.
Development and characterization of bladder acellular matrix cross-linked by dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose for bladder tissue engineering

In order to address the disadvantage of rapid degradation and serious immune response of bladder acellular matrix (BAM) tissues in clinical application, in this study, oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) was developed to replace glutaraldehyde (GA), a most common synthetic crosslinking reagent in clinical practice, to fix BAM tissues for lower cytotoxicity. The aim of this work was to evaluate feasibility of DCMC as a crosslinking reagent for BAM fixation and developing DCMC fixed-BAM (D-BAM) tissues for tissue engineering. For the preparation of DCMC, the results showed that when DCMC was prepared using a specific concentration of sodium periodate solution (the mass ratio of NaIO4/CMC is 1 : 1) and a specific reaction time (4 hours), its cytotoxicity was the lowest and its fixation effect was better. The critical crosslinking characteristics and cytocompatibility of optimum D-BAM tissues were also investigated. The results demonstrated that DCMC-fixation (especially 30 mg ml−1 DCMC-fixation) not only formed stable cross-linking bonds but also preserved well the original ultrastructure of the BAM tissues, which simultaneously increased the mechanical strength and capacity of the enzymatic hydrolytic resistance. The DCMC-fixation could also reduce the expression of α-Gal in BAM tissues and preserve the useful growth factors such as GAGs, KGF and TGF-β in bladder tissues. In addition, 30 mg ml−1 D-BAM tissues had excellent cytocompatibility. Moreover, it could stimulate the secretion of PDGF and EGF from seeded bladder transitional epithelial cells (BTECs), which is a critical feature for further re-epithelialization. Its anti-calcification ability was also prominent, which is necessary in bladder repair. The present studies demonstrated that DCMC could be a potential biological crosslinking agent for BAM fixation due to its excellent crosslinking effects, and the D-BAM tissues were suitable to be used as a substitute for the bladder due to their resistance to enzymatic degradation, anticalcification and cytocompatibility.
Rician Beamforming: Despeckle Method via Coarray Projection Stochastic Analysis

Current computation capabilities normal, Delay and Sum (DAS) and Total Focusing Method (TFM) allow new definitions for beamformers. In this paper, a new beamforming method is proposed. It exploits diversity across pixel data after focusing process. The method is based on statistical analysis and sparse array concept. It avoids common aberrations introduced by beamforming process without loosing the original image texture, producing a better quality image. We evaluate the proposed method through simulation on standard phantoms. Images resulting from our novel method display better quality and provide localised estimations on image noise.
Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Cyber–Physical Systems: A Survey

Cyber-security issues on adversarial attacks are actively studied in the field of computer vision with the camera as the main sensor source to obtain the input image or video data. However, in modern cyber–physical systems (CPSs), many other types of sensors are becoming popularly used, such as surveillance sensors, microphones, and textual interfaces. A series of recent works investigates the adversarial attacks and the potential defenses in these noncamera sensor-based CPSs. Therefore, this article provides a systematic discussion on these existing works and serves as a complimentary summary of the adversarial attacks and defenses for CPSs beyond the field of computer vision. We first introduce a general working flow for adversarial attacks on CPSs. On this basis, a clear taxonomy is provided to organize existing attacks effectively and indicate where the defenses can be potentially performed in CPSs as well. Then, we discuss these existing attacks and defenses with detailed comparison studies. Finally, we point out concrete research opportunities to be further explored along this research direction.