Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation and evaluation of primaquine phosphate taste‐masked rapidly disintegrating tablet

This work investigates the complete bitter‐taste‐masking of primaquine phosphate (PRM) using a solid dispersion with mono ammonium glycyrrhyzinate pentahydrate (GLY). This work also describes the preparation of rapidly disintegrating tablets (RDTs) of PRM by a direct compression method using superdisintegrant, croscarmellose sodium. A solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed to identify the physicochemical interaction between drug and carrier, hence its effect on dissolution. In‐vitro drug release studies were performed for RDTs at both pH 1.2 and 6.8. Bitterness score was evaluated using a human gustatory sensation test. FTIR spectroscopy and DSC showed no interaction of PRM in GLY solid dispersion. RDTs prepared from solid dispersion showed complete bitter‐taste‐masking of PRM. RDTs containing solid dispersion exhibited a better dissolution profile, at both pH 1.2 and 6.8, than pure PRM. Thus, the solid dispersion technique can be successfully used for complete bitter taste masking of PRM.
Therapeutic targets for influenza – perspectives in drug development

Since new and dangerous influenza virus strains, such as H5N1 “avian flu” and more recently the swine-origin H1N1 “swine flu”, are constantly evolving, the need for effective anti-influenza drugs is pressing. It is becoming clear that the emergence of drug-resistant viruses will be a major potential problem in future efforts to control influenza virus infection. Moreover, development of vaccines against new influenza strains takes several months, and their production capacity is limited. Thus, new classes of anti-influenza drugs are highly sought after. This review focuses mainly on novel strategies, including targeting viral entry into host cells, inhibition of viral transcription and genome replication, and targeting of the NS1 influenza protein. Another approach involves viral RNA silencing by siRNAs or by antisense oligonucleotides. Inhibitors of viral neuraminidase have been the most successful approach in influenza virus breakdown to date. Viral maturation can also be blocked by inhibition of hemagglutinin-processing cellular proteinases. Compounds modifying the host cell immune response have also been reported. Design of specific compounds universally active against all viral variants with a reduced potential for the emergence of drug-resistant mutants is the main challenge in anti-influenza drug development, and the goals in this field are discussed here. A review with 140 references.
Oxidation of Acid Red-151 Aqueous Solutions by the Peroxone Process and its Kinetic Evaluation

Oxidation of an azo dye solution, namely, Acid Red 151 by the peroxone process was investigated experimentally at different pH values, initial dye and ozone concentrations, and the initial molar ratios (r) of hydrogen peroxide to ozone. At pH 2.5 in this process, the obtained color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals were higher than those at pH of 7 and 10. The best value of r yielding the highest treatment efficiency at each pH was determined as 0.5. The application of the “initial rates method” to the kinetic data for peroxone oxidation of aqueous Acid Red 151 solutions showed that the individual orders with respect to O3 and dye were one, the total order of the reaction being two. The rate constants based on the initial rates of dye degradation were determined as 98.9, 77.3 and 65.7 mM−1min−1 at the pH values of 2.5, 7 and 10, respectively.
InP-GaP Bi-Coaxial Nanowires and Amorphous GaP Nanotubes

InP−GaP bi-coaxial nanowires have been synthesized by a simple one-step thermal evaporation of InP and Ga powders. The products were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. Studies indicate that, within a single bi-coaxial nanowire, the InP subnanowire is single crystal with the preferred (111) direction and the GaP subnanowire is amorphous. Besides the InP−GaP bi-coaxial nanowires, some amorphous GaP nanotubes partially filled with In were also obtained. Possible growth mechanism was also proposed based on a series of experimental results and a vapor−liquid−solid mechanism was proposed for the nanostructures formation. Photoluminescence properties of the product were also studied.
Efeitos hemodinâmicos e metabólicos da movimentação passiva dos membros inferiores em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica

OBJETIVO: A movimentacao passiva dos membros executada por um fisioterapeuta demonstrou resultar em aumentos significantes nas variaveis metabolicas e hemodinâmicas em pacientes criticamente enfermos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se o movimento ciclico passivo dos membros inferiores aumenta as variaveis hemodinâmicas e metabolicas em pacientes sedados dependentes de ventilacao mecânica. METODOS: Foram estudados cinco pacientes sedados, dependentes de ventilacao mecânica, internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva com 18 leitos de um hospital universitario. A movimentacao ciclica passiva dos membros inferiores foi realizada por 10 minutos em uma frequencia de 30 movimentos por minuto. Foram registrados dados hemodinâmicos completos, e colhidas amostras de sangue arterial e venoso 5 minutos antes e 5 minutos apos o termino das manobras. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes apresentaram aumento do consumo de oxigenio (VO2). O aumento do VO2 ocorreu concomitantemente a uma queda na saturacao de oxigenio no sangue venoso (SvO2), provavelmente ocorrendo por um aumento na taxa de extracao de oxigenio (O2ER) e indice cardiaco (IC). CONCLUSOES: Os movimentos ciclicos passivos dos membros inferiores podem influenciar a condicao hemodinâmica e metabolica de pacientes sedados dependentes de ventilacao mecânica.
Synthesis, characterisation and X-ray structure of an azido adduct of a tridentate (NNO) Schiff base nickel(II) complex

The tridentate Schiff base 1-(N-salicylideneimino)-2-(N,N-diethyl-aminoethane (HL), derived from the condensation of salicylaldehyde with N,N-diethylethylenediamine, reacted with nickel(II) nitrate and azide to give a mononuclear complex of formula [Ni(L)(N3)], where HL = Et2N(CH2)2NCHC6H4(OH). The complex was characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods. Coordination around nickel(II) is square planar. The molecular and supramolecular structure of the complex is discussed.
Mechanism of Charge Transport in DNA: Internally-Linked Anthraquinone Conjugates Support Phonon-Assisted Polaron Hopping

A series of anthraquinone-containing (AQ) DNA conjugates was prepared. In each case, the AQ is linked to the 2‘-oxygen of a uridine. Physical and spectroscopic data suggest that the AQ is intercalated in the duplex DNA on the 3‘-side of the uracil. Irradiation of the AQ-DNA conjugates with UV light results in piperidine-requiring strand cleavage at GG steps of both the AQ-containing strand and its complement. The AQ-conjugates were designed to have GG steps disposed symmetrically about the AQ intercalation site. The distance dependence of reaction efficiency at GG steps following AQ irradiation was measured by means of an AQ-containing 71 mer having 7 GG steps. The efficiency of reaction in this sequence falls off exponentially with a distance dependence of 0.071 A-1. AQ-containing conjugates were prepared that incorporate 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanines (8-OxoG) at various locations. 8-OxoG has a lower oxidation potential than any of the normal DNA bases and serves as a trap for the migrating radical cation. T.
Blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) with poly(ω‐pentadecalactone) synthesized by enzyme‐catalyzed polymerization

Poly(ω-pentadecalactone) (PPDL) was synthesized by enzyme-catalyzed polymerization. The molecular weight of the PPDL was about 35,000. Opaque poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/PPDL blend films were created by the solvent casting technique. The addition of PPDL led to PLLA crystallization. Furthermore, the addition of PPDL with PLLA increased both the Young's modulus [pure PLLA : 0.67 GPa, PLLA/PPDL (70/30 wt %) : 1.01 GPa] and the PLLA glass transition temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Cell receptor interaction chromatography: Importance of corrosion processes

Corrosion is a term traditionally describing degradation processes in metals. Modern dictionaries explain corrosion as: ‘erosion by chemical action’ or ‘a state of deterioration in metals caused by oxidation or chemical action’. Erosion by chemical action applies to degradation processes in both metals and polymers, with humidity as one principal actor. In polymers, extended humidity exposure can result in manifest corrosion. Less clear is the action of transient humidity exposure, causing corrosion, or reversible effects mistakenly interpreted as corrosion. Effects of transient humidity exposure on polymers have been recently investigated by contact angle measurements. However, contact angles are insensitive to various parameters, including changes in topography. In this paper the author illustrates the importance of minimal effects of corrosion in polymers, exemplary for the method of cell receptor interaction chromatography (CRIC), a method initially designed to predict specific biocompatibility in an aqueous milieu. The method of CRIC exploits the interplay between the attachment of nanospheres suspended in drops to nanostructured substrates and their transport by convection, and discriminates between physical and chemical parameters involved in corrosion.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) as sustainable feedstock for polyurethane production

A dream comes true: tailor-made polyethercarbonate polyols are synthesised from propylene oxide and CO2. Molecular weight and functionality of these polyethercarbonate polyols are controlled by the use of an appropriate alcohol starter enabling innovative applications as a polymer building block. Interestingly, the properties of the polyethercarbonate polyols can be adjusted in a wide range by tuning CO2 content and architecture. The feasibility of using such tailored polyethercarbonate polyols in the production of polyurethanes is demonstrated as a prime example for a novel CO2 utilization with industrial potential.
Medición del riesgo de abandono de ingresantes universitarios en educación a distancia

Este trabajo describe como se construyeron dos indices de riesgo de abandono desarrollados para prevenir la desercion en Educacion Distribuida (modalidad a distancia que incluye algunas instancias de presencialidad). Los indices se denominan IRAP (Indice de Riesgo de Abandono Provisorio) e IRAD (Indice de Riesgo de Abandono Definitivo). El primero se obtiene en base a la medicion de tres variables: habilidades verbales, responsabilidad y condicion laboral, y se mide antes de que el alumno comience su ciclo lectivo. El segundo indice se obtiene en base a la medicion de cinco variables: rendimiento academico, autopercepcion como alumno, satisfaccion con la Universidad, satisfaccion de instancias especificas y compatibilidad trabajo/estudio, que se registran luego del primer semestre de cursado. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: a) describir el comportamiento de las variables que componen el IRAP e IRAD; y b) medir el grado de asociacion de cada una con el abandono, a traves del seguimiento de una cohorte de alumnos a lo largo de 6 semestres. La metodologia desarrollada es cuantitativa. La investigacion se llevo a cabo sobre los ingresantes del ano 2010, administrandose, via web, todos los instrumentos de recoleccion de informacion. Los principales resultados permiten concluir que la capacidad predictiva de ambos indices aumenta significativamente a lo largo del tiempo. De los alumnos tipificados con IRAP muy alto, abandono el 70,6% al cabo del sexto periodo medido. A su vez de quienes estaban tipificados con un IRAD muy alto, abandono el 88,5% en el mismo periodo.
Consequences of Nonergodicity in Aqueous Binary PEO-PB Micellar Dispersions

Aqueous micellar dispersions of poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(butadiene) (PEO−PB) diblock copolymers were investigated using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). A variety of binary blends were prepared by premixing (before dispersion) and postmixing (after dispersion) diblocks with varying composition and molecular weight. Cryo-TEM results establish there is no perceptible exchange of macromolecules between aggregates resulting in a nonergodic state, where overall equilibrium is never achieved. However, analysis of many microscopic images leads to the conclusion that these nonergodic micelles relax to a state of local equilibrium through the redistribution of block copolymers within the topological framework established during dispersion. Different average compositions and molecular weights exhibit varying degrees of structural complexity, which appears to peak in the vicinity of network formation. Away from this condition the micelle morphology is relatively insensitive to core or corona p.
Solvatochromic characterization of polymers. Effects of relative humidity

The effects of relative humidity on polymer sorption properties as revealed by changes in hydrogen-bonding acidity and E T (30) values are studied. Thin films of four polymers containing Reichardt's dye [2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-N-pyridinio)phenolate] were subjects to varying levels of relative humidity, and the UV-visible spectra of the polymer films were obtained. The effect of humidity on the solvatochromic parameters was found to vary greatly, dependending on the polymer, indicating that polymer sorption properties (such as solute solubility and membrane permeability) are a function of the humidity to which the polymer is exposed
Blossom-End Rot: A Calcium Deficiency

Abstract Blossom-end rot (BER) is a common physiological disorder that occurs on the fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.), pepper (Capsicum annuumL.), eggplant (Solanum melongenaL.), and watermelon [Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsun & Nakai]. BER may occur in all the tomato-producing areas of the world and has been shown to create losses up to 50%. BER is related to many factors including: high salinity, high magnesium (Mg), ammonium (NH4), and/or potassium (K) concentration, inadequate xylem tissue development, accelerated growth rate, unfavorable moisture relationships (high, low, or fluctuating), low soluble soil calcium (Ca), high temperature, and high and low transpiration, but the underlying cause of this disorder is an inadequate amount of Ca in the blossom-end of the fruit. Although it is widely accepted that a local Ca deficiency plays an important role in the induction of BER, there are also some claims that Ca deficiency is not the cause of BER as a critical level of Ca for BER induction has not been found. To prevent BER from occurring, an understanding of Ca in the soil, uptake and translocation of Ca, and the factors affecting these processes, is necessary.
Oxidative and Adsorbent Impacts on Selenide Based Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

This paper covers an overview of the transition metal dichalcogenides, TMD, class of materials. Their layered van der Waals chemical structure and unique electrical and optical properties, such as an indirect in the bulk to direct band gap in the monolayer transition, has brought research focus to their potential role in nanoelectronics. This paper goes over general TMD properties then focuses on WSe2. While TMDs posses useful and promising characteristics in their pristine state, without precise control over electrical behavior real world application will never occur. Defect engineering is discussed as a method to tune TMD properties, specifically the effects of O2 plasma exposure which oxidized the top most layer of TMD selenides and p-dopes the underlying pristine material.
Effects of γ‐irradiation on AlGaN/GaN‐based HEMTs

γ-ray radiation effect has been studied on transport and noise properties of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with gate lengths in the range from 350 to 150 nm at room temperature. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the devices demonstrate higher radiation hardness to 60 Co γ-rays up to doses of 10 9 Rad at larger gate lengths. This confirms the very important role of surface passivation for channel transport of the HEMTs. The deviation of the I-V characteristics parameters saturated current, transconductance, channel conductance, and threshold voltage does not exceed 20% at highest radiation dose. The noise spectra of pre-irradiated devices and after γ-irradiation show different frequency dependences corresponding to different fluctuation processes in the HEMTs. The results are confirmed by dynamic current measurements of the channel conductivity.
A computational model of cation ordering in the magnesioferrite-qandilite (MgFe2O4- Mg2TiO4) solid solution and its potential application to titanomagnetite (Fe3O4-Fe2TiO4)

Abstract Cation ordering in the magnesioferrite-qandilite (MgFe2O4-Mg2TiO4) solid solution has been investigated using an interatomic potential model combined with Monte Carlo simulations. The dominant chemical interaction controlling the thermodynamic mixing behavior of the solid solution is a positive nearest-neighbor pairwise interaction between tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ and octahedrally coordinated Ti4+ (JTOFeTi). The predicted cation distribution evolves gradually from the Néel-Chevalier model to the Akimoto model as a function of increasing JTOFeTi, with JTOFeTi = 1000 ± 100 K providing an adequate description of both the temperature and composition dependence of the cation distribution and the presence of a miscibility gap. Although Mg is a good analog of Fe2+ in end-member spinels, a comparison of model predictions for MgFe2O4-Mg2TiO4 with observed cation ordering behavior in titanomagnetite (Fe3O4-Fe2TiO4) demonstrates that the analog breaks down for Fe3O4-rich compositions, where a value of JTOFeTi closer to zero is needed to explain the observed cation distribution. It is proposed that screening of Ti4+ by mobile charge carriers on the octahedral sublattice is responsible for the dramatic reduction in JTOFeTi. If confirmed, this conclusion will have significant implications for attempts to create a realistic thermodynamic model of titanomagnetite.
Preliminary studies of water treatment using forward osmosis

Abstract Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging water treatment technology with potential applications in desalination and wastewater reclamation. The FO uses a concentrated draw solution to generate high osmotic pressure, which pulls water across a semipermeable membrane from the feed solution. In this study, we have investigated the effect of draw solution on FO water flux. The 0.1 M NaCl draw solution provides 2 L/m2h water permeation flux, while the 3 M NaCl draw solution provides 10 L/m2h water permeation flux as a result of the greater osmotic driving force across the membrane. About 150% increase in transmembrane water flux was observed with an increase in temperature from 11 to 36°C. The reverse draw solute permeation to feed solution was also explored. The NaCl presents the highest reverse solute movement compared with MgSO4 and CaCl2. In addition, the rejection of quinine surrogated as micropollutans and humic acid by FO process was satisfactory in terms of the removal efficiency by FO membrane.
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin isolation from soyflour with poly(HPMA-GMA) beads

Soybean lectin was purified from seeds of Glycine max L.Merrill SA88. Poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate) [poly(HPMA-GMA)] beads were used as an affinity matrix and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) was used as an affinity ligand. Soybean lectin adsorption with GalNAc attached poly(HPMA-GMA) beads from soybean lectin solution (in phosphate buffered saline) was 5.0 mg/g. Maximum adsorption capacity for soybean lectin from the soy flour extract was 26.0 mg/g. Elution of soybean lectin from adsorbent was accomplished by 0.5M galactose solution. Purity of soybean lectin was determined by SDS-PAGE. It was observed that soybean lectin could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with GalNAc-attached poly(HPMA-GMA) beads. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Machine Washing of Wool

The relationship between the rates of felting and soil removal was investigated when wool fabrics were washed in domestic washing machines under various conditions of agitation, machine load, and foaming. It was shown that this relationship is a direct one for a particular detergent solution used in the machine. At higher loads, the rates of felting and desoiling are retarded, but the linear relationship is still maintained. Efficient soil removal with less felting can be ob tained by the selection of a suitable detergent.
MoS2@ZnO nano-heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalysis and field emission properties

The molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)@ZnO nano-heterojunctions were successfully fabricated through a facile three-step synthetic process: prefabrication of the ZnO nanoparticles, the synthesis of MoS2 nanoflowers, and the fabrication of MoS2@ZnO heterojunctions, in which ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly self-assembled on the MoS2 nanoflowers by utilizing polyethyleneimine as a binding agent. The photocatalytic activities of the composite samples were evaluated by monitoring the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). Compared with pure MoS2 nanoflowers, the composites show higher adsorption capability in dark and better photocatalytic efficiency due to the increased specific surface area and improved electron-hole pair separation. After irradiation for 100 min, the remaining MB in solution is about 7.3%. Moreover, the MoS2@ZnO heterojunctions possess enhanced field emission properties with lower turn-on field of 3.08 V μm−1and lower threshold field of 6.9 V μm−1 relative to pure MoS2 with turn-on field of 3.6.
Essential Oil of Eaglewood Tree: a Product of Pathogenesis

Abstract The essential oil of eaglewood tree (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) has been considered to be a pathological product. An investigation was carried out to study the difference in composition of oils obtained from healthy, naturally infected and artificially inoculated eaglewood using GC and GC/MS analyses. This investigation showed a marked difference in the oil compositions among the treatments with regards to their quality. Valerianol (3.0%) and tetradec-anioc acid (7.1%) contents were recorded higher in the oils of naturally infected plants than in that of healthy ones (0.1% and 6.9%, respectively). Pentadecenoic acid was totally absent in the oils of healthy, whereas it was found in a greater amount (6.8%) in the oil of naturally infected plants. In contrast, dodecanoic acid (3.1%), pentadecanoic acid (6.2%), hexadecanoic acid (31.5%) and octadecanoic acid (4.1%) were found in a higher amount in the oils of healthy plants, while the oils obtained from naturally infected plants contained lower amounts of these components (2.5%, 4.8%, 20.0% and 1.0%, respectively). The oils obtained from the inoculated plants showed almost similar distribution of the components with healthy plants.