Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Margin Requirements and Asset Prices

In this paper we examine the effect of collateral constraints and margin requirements on the prices of long-lived assets. We consider a Lucas-style infinite-horizon exchange economy with heterogenous agents and collateral constraints. In our calibrated economy collateral constraints lead to a forty percent increase in asset return volatility and a regulation of margin requirements potentially has strong stabilizing effects. While this finding is in line with the existing theoretical literature the empirical evidence indicates that historically the regulation of margin requirements on securities had little effect on volatility. Our main contribution is to reconcile the empirical evidence with our theoretical findings. In a calibrated model with several collateralizable assets, stocks are only a comparatively small fraction of total margin eligible assets. The regulation of margin requirements on this fraction of collateralizable assets might have no or even an elevating effect on volatility.
Neuroprotective effects of dextromethorphan against transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in gerbils.

AIM To study the neuroprotective effects of dextromethorphan against transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS Transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in gerbils was produced by temporarily clamping the common carotid arteries (CCA) for 10 min. RESULTS Intrahippocampal (ih) injection of 2.0 microL dextromethorphan (DM, 100 mumol.L-1) 5 min before ischemia quickened the recovery of EEG changes, the total power spectra of EEG, and the power of dominant frequency following reperfusion. The total power of EEG was increased to 92 +/- 30 (P < 0.01) at 240 min following reperfusion. DM substantially reduced the severe ischemic neuronal damage (SIND) after 10 min of cerebral ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. CONCLUSION DM has neuroprotective effects against transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in gerbils.
Integrative Research in Marketing and Operations Management

Much of the research conducted in schools of management falls into two broad categories: disciplinary (e.g., econometrics, operations research, behavioral sciences) and functional (e.g., finance, marketing, operations). The training given to doctoral students as prospective faculty members is also typically organized as a disciplinary base followed by functional training. Management curricula, for the most part, follow the functional model. It is undoubtedly the case that the functional model emerged in practice as a natural way to organize human resources and was adopted as a pedagogical model. Just as the functional practice model in engineering schools-with departments such as mechanical and chemical engineering-has subsumed "engineering science" during this century, so has the functional model been extremely successful over the last four decades at defining and marketing the educational product of management schools. Yet, many firms and industries now are beginning to organize themselves along somewhat different lines. Traditional functional distinctions are not critical in lean, flat, downsized, reengineered, agile, networked, and virtual organizations. Even if all firms cannot be described by that list of adjectives, it is apparent that boundaries between functions and firms are eroding. Although previously the realities of management practice channeled academic research from disciplines into functional areas, it is now important to consider what research efforts can contribute to a more cross-functional view of the business world. The increasingly consumer-conscious world of management education is forcing marketers in this direction. Of the many cross-functional combinations I could generate, I here focus on the integration of marketing and operations. This is a natural pair of functions with which to start. These are the two components of one of the first economic paradigms that a management student encountersthe point of tangency between the production-possibility frontier and consumer-preference curves. Unfortunately, the relationship between these functions has often been uncomfortable, if not adversarial (for an early investigation of this issue, see Shapiro 1977). A classical approach to addressing cross-functional interactions in practice and research is to "decouple" functions by pricing or constraining the tying variables. Transfer pric-
Quantitative assessment of mechanical laxity in the functionally unstable ankle.

PURPOSE Delineating between functional and mechanical instability in those with chronic ankle dysfunction is a challenging task. Current methods of assessing ankle ligamentous laxity are subjective in nature and limit our ability to identify the site and extent of instability; therefore, a need exists for objective laxity measurements. The purpose of this study was to determine whether subjects with self-reported, functional ankle instability (FAI) demonstrated increased mechanical laxity when tested with instrumented arthrometry and stress radiography. METHODS Both ankles were tested in 51 subjects with self-reported unilateral FAI. An instrumented ankle arthrometer measured ankle-subtalar joint motion for total anteroposterior (AP) displacement (mm) during loading at 125 N and total inversion-eversion (I-E) rotation (degrees of ROM) during loading at 4 N x m. The Telos GA-II/E device provided either anterior or lateral stress (15 kp) while fluoroscopic radiographs were recorded for anterior displacement (mm) and talar tilt (degrees). RESULTS The arthrometry measurements of anterior and total AP displacement and the radiographic measurements of anterior displacement were greater (P < 0.05) in the FAI ankles when compared with the uninjured ankles. There were no differences in total I-E rotation, inversion rotation, or talar tilt between ankles when analyzed with either measurement technique. CONCLUSION The ability to objectively measure mechanical instability in the functionally unstable ankle is important to understanding the nature and cause of the instability. Ankle arthrometry and stress radiographic measurements are objective assessment tools for mechanical laxity. Despite finding greater laxity in the functionally unstable ankle, the clinical significance of the observed displacement remains unanswered. Further research is needed to determine the amount of laxity that constitutes mechanical instability and how this relates to FAI.
Correlation between surface topography and slippage: a Molecular Dynamics study

Using Molecular Dynamics simulations of a polymer liquid flowing past flat and patterned surfaces, we investigate the influence of corrugation, wettability and pressure on slippage and friction at the solid–liquid interface. For one-dimensional, shallow, rectangular grooves, we observe a gradual crossover between the Wenzel state, where the liquid fills the grooves, and the Cassie state, where the corrugation supports the liquid and the grooves are filled with vapor. Using two independent flow set-ups, we characterize the near-surface flow by the slip length, δ, and the position, zh, at which viscous and frictional stresses are balanced according to Navier's partial slip boundary condition. This hydrodynamic boundary position depends on the pressure inside the channel and may be located above the corrugated surface. In the Cassie state, we observe that the edges of the corrugation contribute to the friction.
Maternal exposure to predation risk decreases offspring antipredator behaviour and survival in threespined stickleback.

1. Adaptive maternal programming occurs when mothers alter their offspring's phenotype in response to environmental information such that it improves offspring fitness. When a mother's environment is predictive of the conditions her offspring are likely to encounter, such transgenerational plasticity enables offspring to be better-prepared for this particular environment. However, maternal effects can also have deleterious effects on fitness.2. Here, we test whether female threespined stickleback fish exposed to predation risk adaptively prepare their offspring to cope with predators. We either exposed gravid females to a model predator or not, and compared their offspring's antipredator behaviour and survival when alone with a live predator. Importantly, we measured offspring behaviour and survival in the face of the same type of predator that threatened their mothers (Northern pike). 3. We did not find evidence for adaptive maternal programming; offspring of predator-exposed mothers were less likely to orient to the predator than offspring from unexposed mothers. In our predation assay, orienting to the predator was an effective antipredator behaviour and those that oriented, survived for longer.4. In addition, offspring from predator-exposed mothers were caught more quickly by the predator on average than offspring from unexposed mothers. The difference in antipredator behaviour between the maternal predator-exposure treatments offers a potential behavioural mechanism contributing to the difference in survival between maternal treatments.5. However, the strength and direction of the maternal effect on offspring survival depended on offspring size. Specifically, the larger the offspring from predator-exposed mothers, the more vulnerable they were to predation compared to offspring from unexposed mothers.6. Our results suggest that the predation risk perceived by mothers can have long-term behavioural and fitness consequences for offspring in response to the same predator. These stress-mediated maternal effects can have nonadaptive consequences for offspring when they find themselves alone with a predator. In addition, complex interactions between such maternal effects and offspring traits such as size can influence our conclusions about the adaptive nature of maternal effects.
A wideband circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna excited by L-shaped probes

A wideband circularly polarized reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna fed by L- shaped probes is proposed. The L-shaped probes are connected to a matching network underneath the ground plane, which two polarizations, right hand circular polarization (RHCP) or left hand circular polarization (LHCP), could be excited. With the use of PIN diodes and some biasing/RF components, an electrical switch has been designed. The antenna is capable to radiate either RHCP or LHCP by a single feeding port, with suitable biasing voltage on the switches. Preliminary study found that the antenna attains a bandwidth of about 20% with VSWR<2 and axial ratio<3 dB.
Resource partitioning for Integrated Modular Avionics: comparative study of implementation alternatives

Most current generation avionics systems are based on a federated architecture, where an electronic device runs a single software module or application that collaborates with other devices through a network. This architecture makes the software development process very simple, but the hardware system becomes very complicated and it is difficult to resolve issues of size, weight, and power efficiently. An integrated architecture can address the size, weight, and power issues and provide better software reusability, testability, and reliability by means of partitioning. Partitioning provides a framework that can transparently integrate several real‐time applications on the same computing device, allowing the isolation of the execution environment in terms of resources and faults. Several studies on partitioning software platforms have been reported; however, to the best of our knowledge, extensive comparison and analysis of design and implementation alternatives have not been conducted owing to the extreme complexity of their implementation and measurement. In this paper, we present three design alternatives for partitioning at the user, kernel, and virtual machine monitor levels, which are compared quantitatively. In particular, we target the worldwide standard software platform for avionics systems, that is, Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated Specification 653 (ARINC 653). Overall, our study provides valuable design references and demonstrates the characteristics of design alternatives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The New Strategic Imperative: Understanding the Female Business Traveler

This paper explores the characteristics, needs, and behaviors of women who travel on business and analyzes the data for potential segmentation. The study focuses exclusively on the female business traveler. The sample consists of 235 female business travelers from a variety of industries. The statistical methods include correlation analyses, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. The findings show that 6 factors explain 60.4% of the variance in characteristics, behaviors and needs of female business travelers. Cluster analysis further identifies 3 clusters: the Connective, the Empowered, and the Productive. The results show that there are three distinct types of women who travel on business. Strategies are suggested for organizations to use the findings to respond to female business travelers.
GaAs monocycle pulse generator for UWB applications

This paper reports the design and test of a wavelet generator circuit which provides ultra short monocycle pulses of about 300 ps width alternately in phase and out of phase. This generator circuit is based on the representation of the pulse as a mathematical function which is a combination of four hyperbolic tangents. The final circuit of the generator was designed and realized on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) GaAs technology based on a pseudomorphic heterojunction FET (PHEMT) having a gate length of 0.25 mum (PH25 of UMS foundry).
From Managing Enterprise to Managing Society——Managing Enterprise from the Point of View of Managing Society

As growth-type enterprise,where is the outlet of further development? This article considers managing enterprise from the point of view of managing society through embedding enterprise into society.From this point of view,under a hypothesis of network-oriented enterprise,this article constructs an integrated system of theories from the following three aspects: construction of value network,reduction of systematical cost and social responsibility of enterprise.At the same time,this article puts forward that modern enterprise should realize a transformation from inward-looking thinking to outward-looking thinking.Hence,enterprise must be reconstructed.Only through adjusting structure of enterprise's cost,correctly allocating four relations and enlarging commercial ecosystem can enterprise realize the transformation from managing enterprise to managing society.Finally,a permanently developing and boundaryless enterprise can be forged via managing society.
Exploring the proton pump mechanism of cytochrome c oxidase in real time

Cytochrome c oxidase catalyzes most of the biological oxygen consumption on Earth, a process responsible for energy supply in aerobic organisms. This remarkable membrane-bound enzyme also converts free energy from O2 reduction to an electrochemical proton gradient by functioning as a redox-linked proton pump. Although the structures of several oxidases are known, the molecular mechanism of redox-linked proton translocation has remained elusive. Here, correlated internal electron and proton transfer reactions were tracked in real time by spectroscopic and electrometric techniques after laser-activated electron injection into the oxidized enzyme. The observed kinetics establish the long-sought reaction sequence of the proton pump mechanism and describe some of its thermodynamic properties. The 10-μs electron transfer to heme a raises the pKa of a “pump site,” which is loaded by a proton from the inside of the membrane in 150 μs. This loading increases the redox potentials of both hemes a and a3, which allows electron equilibration between them at the same rate. Then, in 0.8 ms, another proton is transferred from the inside to the heme a3/CuB center, and the electron is transferred to CuB. Finally, in 2.6 ms, the preloaded proton is released from the pump site to the opposite side of the membrane.
Development of Shaft Friction on Driven Piles in Sand and Clay

Despite widespread research effort in recent years, design methods to estimate the shaft resistance of displacement piles continue to rely heavily upon empirical correlations. In an attempt to achieve a more reliable design approach several researchers have assembled databases of instrumented pile load tests and used these to propose new design methods e.g. American Petroleum Institute (API-2000) for piles in sand and Lehane et al. (2000) for piles in clay. The most significant contribution to our understanding of displacement pile behaviour has resulted from field tests using highly instrumented piles, most notably those conducted with the Imperial College (IC) instrumented test pile (Bond 1989, Lehane 1992 and Chow 1997). These findings have been synthesised in the MTD design approach (Jardine et al. 2005), which has been shown to be more reliable than traditional design approaches at estimating the shaft resistance of driven piles. However, Randolph (2003) highlights the continuing presence of empirical factors in many new design approaches and demonstrates the need to understand the physical mechanisms governing pile capacity.
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OUTSOURCING CONTRACTS: AN APPLICATION AND EXTENSION OF THE PROPERTY RIGHTS APPROACH

This work extends the property rights approach to include information assets. Theory is constructed from an enhanced set of ownership structures available to information assets that are not possible for physical assets. In particular, ownership rights of excludability are separated from rights of usability allowing multiple firms to simultaneously own the same assets. This set of enhanced ownership structures leads to an expanded set of incentive considerations. Hypothesized ownership structures are compared to ownership structures in real-world contracts. This comparison shows that real-world contracts do exhibit a larger set of ownership structures with respect to information assets.
Determinants of physical activity in young adults with tetralogy of Fallot

Abstract Background Although sports participation is allowed to most adult patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot, a reduced exercise tolerance and reduced perceived physical functioning is often present in these patients. We aimed to investigate daily physical activity in adults with tetralogy of Fallot and to investigate the underlying determinants of physical activity in daily life. Methods We studied 73 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (53 male; mean age 27.3 ± 7.9 years) who underwent echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and who completed questionnaires about physical activity and perceived health status. All variables were compared with data from a general population. Relationships were studied by Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients with correction for multiple testing. Results Patients were significantly less active compared with the general population (p > 0.05), 55% of all patients were sedentary, 27% had an active or moderately active lifestyle, and 18% of the group had a vigorously active lifestyle. Peak oxygen uptake (71 ± 16%; p < 0.0001) was significantly reduced and related to reduced physical activity levels (r = 0.229; p = 0.017) and perceived physical functioning (r = 0.361; p = 0.002). Conclusions Adult patients with tetralogy of Fallot have a sedentary lifestyle and are less active than the general population. Inactivity significantly contributes to reduced exercise capacity, in addition to the impairment based on the cardiac condition. Moreover, reduced exercise capacity and the intensity of sports performed in daily life are related to perceived physical functioning. Individual patient counselling on physical activity might be a low-cost, high-benefit measure to be taken in this patient population.
Protective effect of Ferula gummosa hydroalcoholic extract against nitric oxide deficiency-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats renal tissues

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition increases hypertension and causes renal injury. Ferula gummosa is used in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of several diseases and has been reported to exert a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the renoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula gummosa (HEG) on Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and explore the mechanisms that link NO deficiency with altered renal heat shock protein (HSP70). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with l-NAME (10 mg/kg) to induce renal injury. Simultaneously, HEG (90 mg/kg) was administered by gastric gavage to l-NAME-treated rats for 6 days/week during an 8-week period. Renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), HSP70, plasma NO and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. The administration of l-NAME significantly increased renal TBARS, TNF-α, IL-6, HSP70 levels and decreased renal SOD activity, that these changes were accompanied by the reduced plasma NO and TAC levels. HEG administration decreased TBARS, HSP70, TNF-α and IL-6 levels and increased SOD activity in the kidney tissues of l-NAME treated rats (p < 0.05). Also, plasma TAC level and NO bioavailability have been elevated after administration of HEG (p < 0.05). These findings support that NO deficiency induces renal stress oxidative and inflammation, which markedly increased renal HSP70 and HEG could protect kidney against these damaging effects via its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory action and modulate renal HSP70.
Some Issues of the Distribution of Science-technology Talents in China and Responding Countermeasures

The science and technology talents are the most important resource of science and technology progress and socio-economic development. Moreover they are the key factor of coordinating development of regional economy. Because of the fact that regional economic development is imbalanced many problems exist in the distributions of science and technology talents among different areas and different industries. On the basis of the above analysis the paper put forward the countermeasures of adjusting the talent's overall arrangement and of promoting the science-technology talents flow.