Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
For the " Proposed Identification of Diesel Exhaust as a Toxic Air

Preface This draft report has been released to solicit public comments on the revised " Public Comment and SRP Version " report which includes the Executive Summary, Part A (exposure assessment), Part B (health assessment), and Part C (responses to public comments) documents. This version of the report, along with the comments received and any revisions resulting from the comments, will be reviewed and discussed with the Scientific Review Panel (SRP) at a noticed public meeting of the Panel. It has been revised since its original June 1994 release and subsequent May 1997 release to incorporate public comments received during the first public It is important to note that we have updated this draft report to include the new EMFAC7G1.0 motor vehicle emissions inventory model results. This information is incorporated into our outdoor ambient exposure, indoor, and total exposure estimates. This information was presented at the July 1997 workshop. The Air Resources Board's (ARB) consideration of diesel exhaust as a TAC will be made following this public comment period and review by the SRP. If the SRP approves the report, it will be presented to the ARB at a duly noticed public hearing, after a 45-day public comment period. If the ARB approves the report at a hearing and identifies diesel exhaust as a TAC, the information contained in the report will be used in the assessment of the need for additional control measures. While no new control measures specific to the toxicity of diesel exhaust are being proposed at this time, a number of existing sources of diesel engine exhaust are already subject to California regulations requiring reductions of criteria air pollutants contained in diesel exhaust. Any consideration of control measures to reduce exposures to diesel exhaust, if identified as a TAC, will be made only after a thorough public process including public workshops.
Optimisation par colonies de fourmis pour la programmation logique étendue

La Programmation Logique Etendue (Answer Set Programming) est un formalisme particulierement adapte pour representer differents problemes issus de l'Intelligence Artificielle (raisonnement non monotone, planification, diagnostic.). De plus, elle peut etre utilisee pour coder de maniere concise des problemes combinatoires. Dans tous les cas, les solutions sont obtenues sous la forme d'ensembles de litteraux: les ensembles reponses (Answer Sets). L'optimisation par colonies de fourmis est une metaheuristique generale et non complete qui a deja ete utilisee avec succes pour resoudre des problemes combinatoires difficiles (voyageur de commerce, coloration de graphes, affectation quadratique.). Elle est basee sur le comportement collectif de fourmis artificielles explorant un graphe et echangeant des informations au moyen de traces de pheromones. L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer comment l'optimisation par colonies de fourmis peut etre utilisee pour calculer l'ensemble reponse d'un programme logique.
Exploring a cognitive-based treatment approach to improve motor-based skill performance in chronic stroke: Results of three single case experiments

Primary objective: Early evidence suggests the use of cognitive strategies has potential to improve skill performance in people living with the effects of stroke, but no specific protocol has been identified. This study aimed to explore the potential of using the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) protocol to improve the functional performance of adults with chronic stroke. Research design and methods: A single case experimental design study with two replications was conducted. Three community-dwelling participants were recruited. Each selected three functional goals for the focus of the CO-OP intervention. Multiple video recorded data points were collected at baseline, during intervention, post-intervention and at 1-month follow-up. Results: The nine goals selected varied widely, e.g. using a computer mouse, bicycling and yoga. An independent observer used the observational Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS) to rate performances throughout. Using the 2 SD band method to analyse the data, each participant showed significant performance improvements in at least two goals during the course of the intervention and at follow-up. Two participants had an additional goal show significant improvement at follow-up. Conclusion: Results provide preliminary evidence that CO-OP is associated with significant performance improvements in self-selected functional goals.
Analytical computation of prompt gamma ray emission and detection for proton range verification

A prompt gamma (PG) slit camera prototype recently demonstrated that Bragg Peak position in a clinical proton scanned beam could be measured with 1–2 mm accuracy by comparing an expected PG detection profile to a measured one. The computation of the expected PG detection profile in the context of a clinical framework is challenging but must be solved before clinical implementation. Obviously, Monte Carlo methods (MC) can simulate the expected PG profile but at prohibitively long calculation times. We implemented a much faster method that is based on analytical processing of precomputed MC data that would allow practical evaluation of this range monitoring approach in clinical conditions. Reference PG emission profiles were generated with MC simulations (PENH) in targets consisting of either 12C, 14N, 16O, 31P or 40Ca, with 10% of 1H. In a given geometry, the local PG emission can then be derived by adding the contribution of each element, according to the local energy of the proton obtained by continuous slowing down approximation and the local composition. The actual incident spot size is taken into account using an optical model fitted to measurements and by super sampling the spot with several rays (up to 113). PG transport in the patient/camera geometries and the detector response are modelled by convolving the PG production profile with a transfer function. The latter is interpolated from a database of transfer functions fitted to MC data (PENELOPE) generated for a photon source in a cylindrical phantom with various radiuses and a camera placed at various positions. As a benchmark, the analytical model was compared to MC and experiments in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms. Comparisons with MC were also performed in a thoracic CT. For all cases, the analytical model reproduced the prediction of the position of the Bragg peak computed with MC within 1 mm for the camera in nominal configuration. When compared to measurements, the shape of the profiles was well reproduced and agreement for the estimation of the position of the Bragg peak was within 2.7 mm on average (1.4 mm standard deviation). On a non-optimized MATLAB code, computation time with the analytical model is between 0.3 to 10 s depending on the number of rays simulated per spot. The analytical model can be further used to determine which spots are the best candidates to evaluate the range in clinical conditions and eventually correct for over- and under-shoots depending on the acquired PG profiles.
Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots : III. Cell Dimensions during Gravitropic Bending; Perception of Gravity.

Cross and longitudinal sections were prepared for light microscopy from vertical control plants (Xanthium strumarium L. Chicago strain), free-bending horizontal stems, plants restrained 48 hours in a horizontal position, and plants restrained 48 hours and then released, bending immediately about 130 degrees . Top cells of free-bending stems shrink or elongate little; bottom cells continue to elongate. In restrained stems, bottom cells elongate some and increase in diameter; top cells elongate about as much but decrease in diameter. Upon release, bottom cells elongate more and decrease in diameter, while top cells shorten and increase in diameter, accounting for the bend. During restraint, bottom cells take up water while tissue pressures increase; top cells fail to take up water although tissue pressures are decreasing.Settling of amyloplasts was observed in cells of the starch sheath.Removal of different amounts of stem (Xanthium; Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, cv Bonny Best; Ricinus communis L. cv Yolo Wonder) showed that perception of gravity occurs in the bending (elongation) zone, although bending of fourth and fifth internodes from the top was less than in uncut controls. Uniform application of 1% indoleacetic acid in lanolin to cut stem surfaces partially restored bending. Reversing the gradient in tension/compression in horizontal stems (top under compression, bottom under tension) did not affect gravitropic bending.
Galactic cosmic ray H and He nuclei energy spectra measured by Voyagers 1 and 2 near the heliospheric termination shock in positive and negative solar magnetic polarity cycles

Using data from the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, we have followed the intensity variations of H, He and C + O nuclei between 1998 and 2008 and determined the spectra for H and He at the time of minimum modulation in 1998, when the solar magnetic polarity was positive and again in 2008 when the solar magnetic polarity was negative. At these times these data are representative of conditions near a heliospheric termination shock assumed to be located at ∼90 AU. Above ∼400 MeV/nuc for He nuclei the 11-year solar modulation cycle observed at the Earth is not seen; instead there is a 22-year variation. The negative polarity cycle intensities above ∼150 MeV/nuc are higher than those in the positive polarity cycle by a factor of 1.4–1.7 times for both H and He nuclei. Below ∼100 MeV/nuc the C nuclei intensities are similar in the two cycles to within ±10%. These observations are compared with theoretical calculations which also show a negative to positive polarity cycle intensity difference at higher energies, most likely associated with energy changes due to drifts near the termination shock, but the comparison suggests that improved estimates of the local interstellar spectra are required.
Reduction by Fentanyl of the Cp50 Values of Propofol and Hemodynamic Responses to Various Noxious Stimuli

Background: Propofol and fentanyl infusion rates should be varied according to the patient's responsiveness to stimulation to maintain satisfactory anesthetic and operative conditions. However, somatic and autonomic responses to various noxious stimuli have not been investigated systematically for intravenous propofol and fentanyl anesthesia. Methods: Propofol and fentanyl were administered via computer‐assisted continuous infusion to provide stable concentrations and to allow equilibration between plasma‐blood and effect‐site concentrations. The propofol concentrations needed to suppress eye opening to verbal command and motor responses after 50‐Hz electric tetanic stimulation, laryngoscopy, tracheal intubation, and skin incision in 50% or 95% of patients (Cp50 and Cp95) were determined at fentanyl concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 ng/ml in 133 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. The ability of propofol with fentanyl to suppress hemodynamic reactions in response to various noxious stimuli also was evaluated by measuring arterial blood pressure and heart rate before and after stimulation. Results: The various Cp50 values for propofol alone (no fentanyl) for the various stimuli increased in the following order: Cp sub 50loss of consciousness, 4.4 micro gram/ml (range, 3.8–5.0); Cp50tetanus, 9.3 micro gram/ml (range, 8.3–10.4); Cp50laryngoscopy, 9.8 micro gram/ml (range, 8.9–10.8); Cp50skin incision, 10.0 micro gram/ml (range, 8.1–12.2); and Cp50intubation, 17.4 micro gram/ml (range, 15.1–20.1; 95% confidence interval). The reduction of Cp50loss of consciousness, with fentanyl was minimal; 11% at 1 ng/ml of fentanyl and 17% at 3 ng/ml of fentanyl. A plasma fentanyl concentration of 1 ng/ml (3 ng/ml) resulted in a 31–34% (50–55%) reduction of the propofol Cp50 s for tetanus, laryngoscopy, intubation, and skin incision. Propofol alone depresses prestimulation blood pressure but had no influence on the magnitude blood pressure or heart rate increase to stimulation. Propofol used with fentanyl attenuated the systolic blood pressure increases to various noxious stimuli in a dose‐dependent fashion. Conclusions: The authors successfully defined the propofol concentration required for various stimuli. Tracheal intubation was the strongest stimulus. The absence of somatic reactions for propofol does not guarantee hemodynamic stability without fentanyl. Propofol with fentanyl was able to suppress motor and hemodynamic reactions to various noxious stimuli.
Consistency checking of UML models using Description Logics: A critical review

Software design is often modeled as a collection of UML diagrams. Different UML diagrams depicting overlapping behaviour of the system, refinement of models and the evolving nature of software, may lead to inconsistencies in UML diagrams. Inconsistencies in the software model specification might result in the development of incoherent and conflicting system. Current UML tools provide unsatisfactory support for maintaining the consistency between UML diagrams. To identify the inconsistencies and conflicts in UML models, formal languages such as Description Logics (DL) have proved to be useful. This paper evaluates the existing DL based approaches to UML consistency checking. Our analysis shows that the existing DL based approaches are automated, but cover only a limited subset of UML diagrams and inconsistency types.
Studies on the uptake of fatty acids by brush border membranes of the rabbit intestine.

Initial studies revealed that the uptake of palmitic acid and oleic acid into brush border membranes was similar when these were isolated from either whole small intestine, jejunum, or ileum. The uptake of these fatty acids was somewhat lower with membranes obtained from duodenum. Subsequent studies, all with membranes obtained from whole intestine, indicated an increase in binding with chain length of fatty acid of up to 16 carbons. Unsaturation decreased this uptake somewhat. Taurocholate and 1-palmitoyl lysolecithin had a moderate stimulatory effect on the binding of oleic acid and palmitic acid at concentrations of 10 and 0.5 mM, respectively, and inhibited at higher concentrations. Addition of 1.4 mM egg lecithin to the fatty acid - bile salt micelles, such that the lecithin - bile salt ratio was 0.2, decreased the uptake of fatty acids generally, but did not significantly affect the pattern of binding by membrane fractions isolated from different segments nor did it change the pattern of labelling when fatty acid chain length and unsaturation were varied. At lower concentrations, egg lecithin had little effect on the uptake of oleic acid, whereas dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine stimulated binding of both palmitic acid and oleic acid over the entire range of concentrations tested. Preincubation of the membranes with this saturated phospholipid stimulated the uptake of oleic acid, and addition of this choline lipid to the oleic acid - bile salt containing micelles did not substantially enhance fatty acid uptake in lipid-treated membranes. The binding of fatty acid was very rapid either in the presence or the absence of Ca2+, such that even in zero-time controls essentially equilibrium bindings were obtained. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biodegradation of the herbicide glyphosate by filamentous fungi in platform shaker and batch bioreactor

The biodegradation conducted by microorganisms on herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) was investigated. Five strains of filamentous fungi belonging to the Fusarium genre were grown on Czapeck medium without phosphorous and supplemented with the addition of glyphosate. The assays were conducted to determine the ability of use as a phosphorous source, the inhibition caused by presence of herbicide, and the biodegradation in shaker and bioreactor by Fusarium strains. It was observed that the herbicide did not show any negative effect on microrganisms by quantity of the biomass. Among the strains tested, no inhibition was noted by the addition of glyphosate even at a high concentration. All strains studied were able to biodegrade it and use the herbicide as a phosphorous source. The formation of consortium was not better than the strains tested in pure culture. The biodegradation in the bioreactor was better than in the shaker. However, there wasn't any influence on biodegradation rate by changing the amount of oxygen in the system.
Local and Global Costs of Adaptive Plasticity to Density in Arabidopsis thaliana

Although phenotypic plasticity is demonstrably adaptive in a range of settings, organisms are not perfectly plastic. Costs of plasticity comprise one factor predicted to counter the evolution of this adaptive strategy, yet evidence of costs is rare. Here, we test the fitness effects of plastic life‐history and morphological responses to density and costs of this plasticity in recombinant inbred lines of Arabidopsis thaliana. Several costs of plasticity and homeostasis were detected. Of particular relevance, there was a significant cost of plasticity to active stem‐elongation responses, an adaptive trait in many species. There was also a cost of plasticity to apical branch production at both high and low density, which resulted from the greater suppression of basal branching in genotypes with plastic apical branch production relative to genotypes with fixed apical branch production. The presence of a cost in multiple environments (i.e., a global cost) is predicted to counter the evolution of plasticity. Experimental segregating progenies such as the one used here are expected to have higher genetic costs of plasticity than arrays of genotypes sampled from natural populations because selection should remove genotypes with costs resulting from linkage disequilibrium or epistasis. The use of experimental progeny arrays therefore increases the ability to evaluate genetic costs.
Pre‐transplant wasting (as measured by muscle index) is a novel prognostic indicator in lung transplantation

Frailty in non‐transplant populations increases morbidity and mortality. Muscle wasting is an important frailty characteristic. Low body mass index is used to measure wasting, but can over‐ or underestimate muscle mass. Computed tomography (CT) software can directly measure muscle mass. It is unknown if muscle wasting is important in lung transplantation.
Medical mistrust, diabetes self-management, and glycemic control in an indigent population with type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes is a chronic debilitating condition associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs (1). Morbidity and mortality are higher in blacks than in whites (1). Medical mistrust by black patients has been hypothesized as a contributory factor (2); however, the evidence is inconclusive (3). The purposes of this study were to determine whether there are racial or ethnic differences in medical mistrust and ascertain the association among medical mistrust, self-management, glycemic control, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in an indigent population with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that blacks would be less trusting of the medical system and that self-management, glycemic control, and HRQOL would be significantly correlated with medical mistrust in this population. We used billing records to identify all patients with type 2 diabetes in an indigent clinic of an academic medical center. Patients were contacted by telephone and invited to participate in the study. Over a 12-month period, consenting subjects completed validated surveys to assess trust in the medical care system, diabetes knowledge, diabetes self-management, perceived control of diabetes, and HRQOL. Response rate was 60% and did not differ by race or ethnicity. We only had data on race or ethnicity for responders and nonresponders, and there was no significant difference. Our institutional review board approved the study. Trust was measured with the 15-item Medical Mistrust Index (MMI) (4). MMI measures distrust …
Some Factors Affecting Blood Formation in Turtles

Summary Sex differences in control blood values of box turtles are presented. Mild to toxic doses of cobalt, including mineral supplement and injections of crude liver extract failed to stimulate erythropoiesis. Marked reticulocytosis was induced by repeated bleeding. High reticulocyte counts persisted for 3 weeks following the last bleeding and 4 months were required for restoration of normal erythrocyte values. Blood formation was altered by injections of folic acid antagonist, aminopterin. Arrested maturation of blood cells was detected in form of enlarged marrow blast cells as early as 5 weeks and anemia and leucopenia followed after 6 weeks treatment.
Seasonal patterns in the fish and crustacean community of a turbid temperate estuary (Zeeschelde Estuary, Belgium)

Fish and crustaceans were sampled for 1 year in the upper reaches of a temperate estuary characterized by high turbidity and a tidal range of up to 5 m. Samples were taken in the cooling-water circuit of the Doel Nuclear Power station (Zeeschelde, Belgium). Between July 1994 and June 1995, 55 fish species, two shrimp species and four crab species were recorded. The fish community was composed of 36 marine species, 16 freshwater species and three diadromous species. Shrimps, Gobiidae and Clupeidae dominated the samples both in numbers and biomass. An exceptionally clear seasonal succession was observed in the species composition. It is argued that young fish and crustaceans use the highly turbid Zeeschelde Estuary as a refuge from predators.
Uncertainty Quantification in Internal Dose Calculations for Seven Selected Radiopharmaceuticals

Dose coefficients of radiopharmaceuticals have been published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the MIRD Committee but without information concerning uncertainties. The uncertainty information of dose coefficients is important, for example, to compare alternative diagnostic methods and choose the method that causes the lowest patient exposure with appropriate and comparable diagnostic quality. For the study presented here, an uncertainty analysis method was developed and used to calculate the uncertainty of the internal doses of 7 common radiopharmaceuticals. Methods: On the basis of the generalized schema of dose calculation recommended by the ICRP and MIRD Committee, an analysis based on propagation of uncertainty was developed and applied for 7 radiopharmaceuticals. The method takes into account the uncertainties contributed from pharmacokinetic models and the so-called S values derived from several voxel computational phantoms previously developed at Helmholtz Zentrum München. Random and Latin hypercube sampling techniques were used to sample parameters of pharmacokinetic models and S values, and the uncertainties of absorbed doses and effective doses were calculated. Results: The uncertainty factors (square root of the ratio between 97.5th and 2.5th percentiles) for organ-absorbed doses are in the range of 1.1–3.3. Uncertainty values of effective doses are lower in comparison to absorbed doses, the maximum value being approximately 1.4. The ICRP reference values showed a deviation comparable to the effective dose calculated in this study. Conclusion: A general statistical method was developed for calculating the uncertainty of absorbed doses and effective doses for 7 radiopharmaceuticals. The dose uncertainties can be used to further identify the most important parameters in the dose calculation and provide reliable dose coefficients for risk analysis of the patients in nuclear medicine.