Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giraffes, Institutions and Neglected Firms

Certain securities in particular, those of small capitalization firms are generally unsuited to the investment requirements of financial institutions, hence attract minimal coverage by analysts. As a result, these securities may offer a premium as a compensation for associated information deficiencies and/or because pricing inefficiencies exist as a result of the lack of information. An analysis of 510 firms over a 10-year period indicates that the shares of those firms neglected by institutions outperform significantly the shares of firms widely held by institutions. The superior performance persists over and above any "small firm effect"; that is, both small and medium-sized neglected firms exhibit superior performance. The "neglected firm effect" suggests some potentially rewarding investment strategies for individuals and institutions alike.
Sensitivity of Mammalian Cells Expressing Mutant Ubiquitin to Protein-damaging Agents*

There is convincing evidence from studies in yeast that a functional ubiquitin/proteasome pathway is required to degrade misfolded or oxidatively damaged proteins but for technical reasons, it has been difficult to perform comparable studies in mammalian cells. To investigate the possibility that the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway is cytoprotective for mammalian cells, we have introduced epitope-tagged wild-type ubiquitin or dominant-negative mutant versions of ubiquitin into mouse HT4 neuroblastoma cells. Cells expressing mutant versions of ubiquitin were found to be sensitive to cadmium, an agent that causes oxidative damage to cellular components, and to canavanine, an amino acid analog that generates misfolded proteins. The greatest sensitivity to canavanine was observed in cells expressing a mutant version of ubiquitin unable to support the formation of Lys48 linkages. Substrates of the proteasome were found to accumulate in these cells, suggesting a general deficit in proteolysis. Our data suggest that defects in the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system predispose mammalian cells to the toxic effects of abnormal protein.
FORMULATION AND PREPARATION OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING INNOVATIVE BINDER

The present study investigates the use of glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol ATO 5 ‐ coded PATO) as binder in orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), prepared by melt granulation. PATO has been mentioned in literature for its lipophilic nature and fine powder properties, providing excelent coating and slow release of active drugs, but it can also be used for taste masking purposes, with possible applications in ODT. In order to use it as an ODT excipient, some challenges must be overcome, given its lipophilicity. Our first goal was to study its potential to improve tablet properties (hardness, friability, disintegration time) and provide fast release of the model drug, by setting the optimal proportion to be used in ODT. We investigated a complete 3 3 experimental design with 9 formulations containing 300 mg acetaminophen; the independent variables were: proportion of PATO binder (2.5-7.5 %) and proportion of sodium starch glycolate (Explotab) as superdisintegrant (5-10 %). The regression equations and response surface plots showed the validity of the model, and a significant influence of PATO on the response variables: tablet hardness, disintegration time, and active drug release in a short time. We can conclude that Precirol ATO 5 can be used as binder in ODT (not more than 5 %), higher proportions having a slow-release effect. Also, together with 8 % disintegrant, it provides good tablet properties, fast disintegration and a release of 80 % acetaminophen after 10 min. Rezumat Studiul investighează utilizarea excipientului glicerol palmitostearat (Precirol ATO 5- PATO) ca liant in comprimatele orodispersabile (ODT) preparate prin metoda melt granulation. PATO are proprietăţi lipofile accentuate si o fineţe avansată a pulberii, fiind recomandat in literatură ca agent de acoperire, dar si de retardare in comprimate; el poate fi utilizat si ca agent de mascare a gustului, aplicaţie utilă in formularea ODT. Utilizarea lui in ODT trebuie să depăsească inconvenientele legate de lipofilia sa, păstrând calităţile care pot fi utile in acest tip de formulare: imbunătăţirea proprietăţilor comprimatelor (duritate, friabilitate, timp de dezagregare) si o cedare accelerată a substanţelor active, prin stabilirea unei proporţii optime de PATO care să asigure calităţile menţionate. Ca substanţă-model s-a ales paracetamolul (300 mg/comprimat) si s-a construit un plan experimental complet 3 3 cu 9 experimente, in care variabilele independente au fost proporţile de PATO (2,5-7,5 %) si amidon glicolat de sodiu ca dezagregant (5-10 %). Ecuaţiile de regresie si suprafeţele de răspuns au confirmat validitatea modelului ales, liantul PATO influenţând proprietăţile
Prevalence of glaucoma in rural Myanmar: the Meiktila Eye Study

Aim: To determine the prevalence of glaucoma in the Meiktila district of central, rural Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based survey of inhabitants ⩾40 years of age from villages in Meiktila district, Myanmar, was performed; 2481 eligible participants were identified and 2076 participated in the study. The ophthalmic examination included Snellen visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, tonometry, gonioscopy, dilated stereoscopic fundus examination and full-threshold perimetry. Glaucoma was classified into clinical subtypes and categorised into three levels according to diagnostic evidence. Results: Glaucoma was diagnosed in 1997 (80.5%) participants. The prevalence of glaucoma of any category in at least one eye was 4.9% (95% CI 4.1 to 5.7; n = 101). The overall prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) was 2.5% (95% CI 1.5 to 3.5) and of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was 2.0% (95% CI 0.9 to 3.1). PACG accounted for 84% of all blindness due to glaucoma, with the majority due to acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG). Conclusion: The prevalence of glaucoma in the population aged ⩾40 years in rural, central Myanmar was 4.9%. The ratio of PACG to POAG was approximately 1.25:1. PACG has a high visual morbidity and AACG is visually devastating in this community. Screening programmes should be directed at PACG, and further study of the underlying mechanisms of PACG is needed in this population.
Biogeochemical and Molecular Signatures of Anaerobic Methane Oxidation in a Marine Sediment

ABSTRACT Anaerobic methane oxidation was investigated in 6-m-long cores of marine sediment from Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Measured concentration profiles for methane and sulfate, as well as in situ rates determined with isotope tracers, indicated that there was a narrow zone of anaerobic methane oxidation about 150 cm below the sediment surface. Methane could account for 52% of the electron donor requirement for the peak sulfate reduction rate detected in the sulfate-methane transition zone. Molecular signatures of organisms present in the transition zone were detected by using selective PCR primers for sulfate-reducing bacteria and for Archaea. One primer pair amplified the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR) gene of sulfate-reducing bacteria, whereas another primer (ANME) was designed to amplify archaeal sequences found in a recent study of sediments from the Eel River Basin, as these bacteria have been suggested to be anaerobic methane oxidizers (K. U. Hinrichs, J. M. Hayes, S. P. Sylva, P. G. Brewer, and E. F. DeLong, Nature 398:802–805, 1999). Amplification with the primer pairs produced more amplificate of both target genes with samples from the sulfate-methane transition zone than with samples from the surrounding sediment. Phylogenetic analysis of the DSR gene sequences retrieved from the transition zone revealed that they all belonged to a novel deeply branching lineage of diverse DSR gene sequences not related to any previously described DSR gene sequence. In contrast, DSR gene sequences found in the top sediment were related to environmental sequences from other estuarine sediments and to sequences of members of the generaDesulfonema, Desulfococcus, andDesulfosarcina. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences obtained with the primers targeting the archaeal group of possible anaerobic methane oxidizers revealed two clusters of ANME sequences, both of which were affiliated with sequences from the Eel River Basin.
Sinus floor elevation by osteotome: hand mallet versus electric mallet. A prospective clinical study.

PURPOSE The aim of this clinical study was to compare a hand mallet with an electric mallet in osteotome-assisted sinus elevation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty patients, all of whom were edentulous in the maxillary premolar and molar regions, were included in this prospective study. The patients were divided into two groups. In one group (40 patients, control group) sinus floor elevation was performed with an osteotome pushed by a hand mallet, and in the second group (40 patients, test group) sinus floor elevation was performed with the use of an electric mallet. One-hundred twenty dental implants (60 test, 60 control) were positioned. Intraoral digital radiographic examinations were made at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months after implant placement. Alveolar bone height was measured and reported at 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS After 24 months, a survival rate of 98.33% was reported. Three control group patients developed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo following the use of osteotomes and percussion with the hand mallet. The mean alveolar bone gain at 6 months after implant placement was 2.64 ± 1.21 mm in the control group and 2.45 ± 1.55 mm in the test group. After 12 months, the bone height had increased in both groups, and at 24 months it was stable (4.17 ± 1.70 mm in the control group and 4.07 ± 1.03 mm in the test group). No statistically significant differences were seen between groups. CONCLUSIONS A significant increase in bone height was achieved between 6 and 12 months, and bone levels remained stable at 2 years. The use of an electric mallet provided some essential advantages during surgery in comparison with the hand mallet.
Production and partial characterization of anti-cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate) IgG antibody in rabbits recognizing mycolic acid subclasses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium.

An ELISA with cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate) is useful for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. To clarify the exact antigenic epitope in cord factor, recognized by a rabbit anti-cord factor IgG antibody, and to ascertain the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test antigen, rabbits were immunized with two kinds of cord factors isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium and the reactivities of the sera were tested against cord factors or the component mycolic acid methyl esters by ELISA. The serum from rabbits immunized with M. tuberculosis cord factor was highly reactive against M. tuberculosis cord factor, but less reactive against M. avium cord factor. In contrast, the serum from rabbits immunized with M. avium cord factor was highly reactive against M. avium cord factor but less reactive against M. tuberculosis cord factor. Moreover, the serum from rabbits immunized with M. tuberculosis cord factor reacted against mycolic acid methyl esters, especially methoxy mycolic acid methyl ester. On the other hand, the serum from rabbits immunized with M. tuberculosis cord factor was less reactive against trehalose-6-monomycolate and not reactive against sulfolipid (2,3,6,6'-tetraacyl trehalose 2'-sulfate). From these results, it was concluded that the anti-cord factor IgG antibody, produced experimentally in rabbits, recognized the differences in the cord factor structures, i.e. the hydrophobic moiety rather than the carbohydrate moiety. It was also noted that the serum from rabbits immunized with M. tuberculosis cord factor was highly reactive against methoxy mycolic acid as an epitope. This paper is the first to describe how the anti-cord factor IgG antibody can recognize the mycolic acid subclasses, which differ according to the species of mycobacteria.
Protection against Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection Induced by a Reduced Peptide Bond Analogue of the H-2Db-restricted CD8+ T Cell Epitope GP33*

Recent investigations have suggested that pseudopeptides containing modified peptide bonds might advantageously replace natural peptides in therapeutic strategies. We have generated eight reduced peptide bond Ψ(CH2–NH) analogues corresponding to the H-2Db-restricted CD8+ T cell epitope (called GP33) of the glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. One of these pseudopeptides, containing a reduced peptide bond between residues 6 and 7 (Ψ(6–7)), displayed very similar properties of binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and recognition by T cell receptor transgenic T cells specific for GP33 when compared with the parent peptide. We assessed in vitro and in vivo the proteolytic resistance of GP33 and Ψ(6–7) and analyzed its contribution to the priming properties of these peptides. The Ψ(6–7) analogue exhibited a dramatically increased proteolytic resistance when compared with GP33, and we show for the first time that MHC-peptide complexes formed in vivo with a pseudopeptide display a sustained half-life compared with the complexes formed with the natural peptide. Furthermore, in contrast to immunizations with GP33, three injections of Ψ(6–7) in saline induced significant antiviral protection in mice. The enhanced ability of Ψ(6–7) to induce antiviral protection may result from the higher stability of the analogue and/or of the MHC-analogue complexes.
Topographic Imaging of Chromium-Coated Frozen-Hydrated Cell and Macromolecular Complexes by In-Lens Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

An in-lens Schottky field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with a transmission electron microscope (TEM)-type cold-stage and a chromium (Cr) sputter-coating system was developed to rapidly prepare and cryo-image biological specimens to attain accurate nanometer-level structural information. High-resolution topographic images at high primary magnification ([eg ]200,000 times) were digitally recorded with very short dwell times and without beam damage. Plunge freezing in ethane, followed by fracturing, Cr coating, and in-lens cryo-high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM) imaging directly revealed macromolecular features of yeast cells, platelets, and cell-free elastin analogues. The 'vitreous' nature of bulk water in its solid state appeared featureless in cryo-HRSEM images, suggesting that if ice crystals were present they would be [el ]2–3 nm (the approximate instrument resolution on cryo-specimens). Compared to technically difficult and indirect freeze-fracture TEM replicas, cryo-HRSEM samples are fully hydrated, unfixed, noncryoprotected specimens immersed in featureless ice. The time necessary to cryo-immobilize the specimen and record the image is <3 hr. The hexagonal arrays of intramembrane particles on the protoplasmic face of yeast cells and differences in surface morphology between thrombin-stimulated and quiescent platelets were assessed. A clear interface line between collapsed elastin fibril lacework and vitreous lakes was commonly observed. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this technique to rapidly evaluate macromolecular features in cryofixed cells and cell-free systems.
Feature Extraction for Classification Using Statistical Networks

In a classification problem, quite often the dimension of the measurement vector is large. Some of these measurements may not be important for separating the classes. Removal of these measurement variables not only reduces the computational cost but also leads to better understanding of class separability. There are some methods in the existing literature for reducing the dimensionality of a classification problem without losing much of the separability information. However, these dimension reduction procedures usually work well for linear classifiers. In the case where competing classes are not linearly separable, one has to look for ideal "features" which could be some transformations of one or more measurements. In this paper, we make an attempt to tackle both, the problems of dimension reduction and feature extraction, by considering a projection pursuit regression model. The single hidden layer perceptron model and some other popular models can be viewed as special cases of this model. An iterative algorithm based on backfitting is proposed to select the features dynamically, and cross-validation method is used to select the ideal number of features. We carry out an extensive simulation study to show the effectiveness of this fully automatic method.
Beamspace matrix pencil method for direction of arrival estimation

In this paper, we propose DFT Beamspace Matrix pencil (BMP) method for direction of arrival estimation (DOA). The DFT beamspace approach has the advantage of reduced computational complexity due to converting complex computations (in Matrix Pencil method) into real ones along with the inherent ability to operate in a reduced beam-space in situations where some priori information is available about the DOAs. Furthermore, a novel Multiple Invariance BMP (MBMP) method is also developed and it is shown through simulations that its reduced beamspace version has comparable performance to the existing Unitary Matrix Pencil method (UMP) with lower computational cost.
Triple Collocation Analysis of Soil Moisture From Metop-A ASCAT and SMOS Against JRA-55 and ERA-Interim

This study investigates the quality of Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) surface soil moisture (SSM) retrievals with respect to other SSM products derived from the passive Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission and two reanalysis datasets, i.e., the JRA-55 and the ERA-Interim. In particular, the purposes of this study are to 1) characterize the global error structure of the satellite products, 2) understand the spatiotemporal variability of SSM at global scale, and 3) investigate in which areas the assimilation of satellite data may add value to reanalysis. For these purposes, we applied standard statistical methods as well as triple collocation analysis (TCA) for estimating signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). In line with previous studies, we find large and spatially variable biases between all four datasets, but overall spatiotemporal dynamics as reflected in Hovmöller diagrams agree well. With the exception of arid and semiarid environments, ASCAT performs better than SMOS in terms of both its correlation with the models and the SNR. As a result of TCA, we recognize the potential areas for assimilation of ASCAT data, characterized by a high SNR of the satellite data compared to the models, to be the savanna regions in Africa and Central Asia, southwestern North America, and eastern Australia.
Global opportunities and challenges for clinical neuroscience.

Clinical neuroscience faces 2 challenges: (1) an increasing number of persons worldwide with neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders and the increased expenditures necessary for their care; and (2) patients with rare neurologic diseases who also deserve and demand attention. Demographic changes and the “epidemiologic transition” (from infections to chronic diseases) have converged, causing an unprecedented global burden of disabling neurologic disorders: in 2010, approximately 35 million people were living with dementia; by 2030, this population is expected to reach 70 million and by 2050 is projected to exceed 115 million people, with most living in lower- and middle-income countries.1 Stroke, the principal cause of long-term disability irrespective of age, sex, ethnicity, or country, causes more deaths annually than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined; incidence of stroke is expected to increase over the next decade, primarily in regions already affected by these infectious diseases.
Thermal reliability & IMC behavior of low cost alternative Au-Ag-Pd wire bonds to Al metallization

To reduce material cost of Au bonding wire, Au-Ag alloy wire had been tried to use in electronic device, in alternative for Au wire. Nevertheless, Au-Ag alloy wire had not been applied to device due to failure problem during high humidity reliability test, like PCT(Pressure Cooker Test) for a while. Recently, as the technology adding Pd element to conventional Au-Ag was developed, corrosive failure problem at interface between wire ball and Al pad (metallization) was solved in PCT. Finally, mass production of Au-Ag-Pd wire starts to grow up. The study on reliability and behavior of intermetallic compounds(IMC) have not been performed in terms of thermal Aging or HTST(High Temperature Storage Life Test) yet. This study investigates IMC & voids behavior between Au-Ag-Pd wire and Al metallization under thermal aged condition (175'C). The chemical compositions of gold wires tested are 99.99% Au, Au-30wt. %Ag and Au-30wt. %Ag-5.5%wt.Pd, respectively. The wires are bonded on Al metallization by using thermosonic bonder, IMC behavior was characterized by FIB(Focused ion beam), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer) The findings reveal that, interfacial reliability between Au-Ag-Pd wire and Al metallization is considerably improved, compared with 4N Au or Au-30%Ag, Growth of IMCs as well as the voids formation are significantly suppressed.
Evidence-Based Dentistry Therapeutic Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen for Irradiated Dental Implant Patients : A Systematic Review

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for irradiated patients who require dental implants using data from randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). The review was prepared according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. The Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialist Register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched (Cochrane Library 2002, Issue 2), together with Medline from 1966 or Embase from 1974. Several journals were hand-searched, and fifty-five implant manufacturers were contacted in an attempt to identify ongoing or unpublished studies. The results were that no RCTs comparing HBO with no HBO for implant treatment in irradiated patients were identified. Our principal conclusions are that clinicians ought to be aware and make patients aware of the lack of reliable clinical evidence for or against the clinical effectiveness of HBO therapy in irradiated patients requiring dental implants. There is a need for RCTs to determine the effectiveness of HBO. Dr. Coulthard is Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant, Head of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, U.K.; Dr. Esposito is Assistant Researcher, Department of Biomaterials and Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/ Dental Material Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden; Dr. Worthington is Coordinating Editor, Cochrane Oral Health Group, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, U.K.; and Dr. Jokstad is Professor, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway. Direct correspondence to Dr. Paul Coulthard, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Higher Cambridge St., Manchester, M15 6FH, England; 44-161-2756650 phone; 44-161-275-6631 fax; paul.coulthard@man.ac. uk. Research for this article was supported by the PPP Foundation, United Kingdom, and the Swedish Medical Research Council. This article is based on a Cochrane review (Coulthard P, Esposito M, Worthington HV, Jokstad A. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require dental implants. The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2002. Oxford: Update Software).