Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Emergent Semantics in Folksonomies on Human Intuition

Semantic relations that closely resemble the human intuition of semantic relatedness, have been extracted automatically from sources, like text corpora, Wikipedia, or folksonomies, e.g., for constructing ontologies or for enhancing website navigation. Thereby, folksonomies are especially interesting since often, rich semantic structures emerge from the annotation of resources through users. In previous work however, proxies, like WordNet-based relatedness measures, have been used for evaluation, rather than relying directly on captured human intuition. Here, we critically examine this form of evaluation and compare it to evaluations relying directly on human intuition. We find that WordNetbased measures hardly correlate with state-of-the-art human intuition datasets. Moreover, for meaningful results, the evaluation datasets must be domain-specific to provide a reasonably high overlap of words with the source for the extracted semantics. We demonstrate our results on two real world folksonomy datasets, using well-known evaluation datasets, as well as new, crowdsourced word similarity estimations. Overall, we argue that although directly evaluating semantic relatedness measures on human intuition may require collecting an adapted set of annotated samples, this form of benchmarking has clear advantages over the currently used WordNet-based measures, presenting a more realistic evaluation.
The Crohn's disease‐associated adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 replicates in mature phagolysosomes within J774 macrophages

Adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria isolated from Crohn's disease patients are able to extensively replicate within macrophages in large vacuoles. The mechanism by which AIEC bacteria survive within phagocytic cells is unknown. This report describes the maturation of AIEC LF82‐containing phagosomes within J774 macrophages. LF82‐containing phagosomes traffic through the endocytic pathway as shown by the sequential acquisition and loss of EEA1 and Rab7 and by accumulation of Lamp‐1, Lamp‐2 and cathepsin D. We demonstrated that AIEC LF82‐containing phagosomes mature into active phagolysosomes where bacteria are exposed to low pH and to the degradative activity of cathepsin D. Finally, we showed that an acidic environment is necessary for replication of AIEC LF82 bacteria within J774 macrophages. Thus, evidence is provided that AIEC LF82 bacteria do not escape from the endocytic pathway but undergo normal interaction with host endomembrane organelles and replicate within acidic and cathepsin D‐positive vacuolar phagolysosomes.
Tax Loss Carryovers in a Competitive Environment

We examine operating and investment decisions in a duopolistic industry in which an initial investment in research yields an immediate tax benefit for one firm, but creates a net operating loss carryover for the other firm. We show that the conventional wisdom that suggests that the first firm is in a better position to make the research investment need not hold in a competitive environment. This occurs because if both firms invest in research, the firm with the net operating loss carryover makes more aggressive investment decisions following successful research.
The Place of Codes of Corporate Governance in the EU Company Law

In the paper the authors analyze the role of corporate governance codes in reaching the best practice in corporate governance. The corporate governance is a set of complementary mechanisms aimed at protecting investors' rights. A special attention is given to the content of a chosen set of EU Codes of Corporate Governance in order to define the main differences but also the significant similarities between them. The chosen set of the EU Codes includes French, Italian, Austrian, German, UK, Swiss, Slovenian, Norwegian and Croatian Code. The authors stressed their opinion that the main differences among the coverage of Codes are the results of the characteristics of the national corporate governance system and law. In the most EU countries complying with the Code's provisions and applying the Code's principles is not obligatory and they are not legally binding. The authors concluded that similarities are bigger than differences and they give a great contribution in improving corporate governance.
Electricity Market Operation: Transitioning from a Free Market to a Single Buyer structure: An econometric analysis of the Brazilian case using a Two-State Markov Switching Model

We examine electricity market reform in Brazil: from the 1990s till 2004 the largely hydro-powered market cleared using a market mechanism, and in March 2004 reformed to a single buyer structure. We model day-ahead returns using a Two-State Markov Switching Model with dummy variable analysis, allowing water storage and natural inflows to affect returns and volatility. Our results indicate the single buyer structure decreased volatility during stable periods but worsened energy crises. Post-reform, we find a more forgiving environment for the allocation of stored energy given natural water inflows, however sub-optimal water management leads to energy crises developing.
Periventricular leukomalacia of infancy. A form of neonatal anoxic encephalopathy.

Introduction The purpose of this report is to draw attention to a unique disease of cerebral white matter which has been encountered with great frequency among infants who died at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston. Despite the remarkably high incidence of periventricular leukomalacia, which is the name that has been chosen for this pathological entity, it has been the subject of relatively little investigation, particularly in respect to the importance of prenatal and neonatal factors in its production and in respect to the clinical manifestations and to the nature of the pathological changes. Historical Review In 1843, in a lecture concerning the deformities of the human frame, W. J. Little 1 described universal spasmodic contractures of the limbs which he attributed to abnormal factors in the perinatal period. He emphasized that the majority of these infants were born prematurely and had suffered some form of asphyxia at birth and
Influence of Hydration and Electrolyte Supplementation on Incidence and Time to Onset of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps.

Context: Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are common among physically active individuals and are temporarily disabling; therefore, prevention is of great interest.Objective: To determine the role of hydration and electrolyte supplementation in the prevention of EAMCs.Design: Each subject completed 2 counterbalanced trials in a repeated-measures design.Setting: University of Alabama.Patients or Other Participants: College-aged men (n = 13) with a history of EAMCs.Intervention(s): In each trial, participants performed a calf-fatiguing protocol to induce EAMCs in the calf muscle group. Each trial was performed in a hot environment (dry bulb temperature of 37 degrees C, relative humidity of 60%). In the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial, subjects consumed, at a rate similar to sweat loss, a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage with sodium chloride added. In the hypohydration trial, subjects were not allowed to consume any fluids.Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured the incidence and time to onset of EAMCs.Results: Nine participants experienced cramps in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial, compared with 7 in the hypohydration trial. Of the 7 individuals who had EAMCs in both trials, exercise duration before onset was more than doubled in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial (36.8 +/- 17.3 minutes) compared with the hypohydration trial (14.6 +/- 5.0 minutes, P < .01). Conclusions: Consumption of a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage before and during exercise in a hot environment may delay the onset of EAMCs, thereby allowing participants to exercise longer. However, it appears that dehydration and electrolyte loss are not the sole causes of EAMCs, because 69% of the subjects experienced EAMCs when they were hydrated and supplemented with electrolytes.
REACT: REcommending Access Control decisions To social media users

The problems that social media users have in appropriately controlling access to their content has been well documented in previous research. A promising method of providing assistance to users is by learning from the access control decisions made by them and making future recommendations. In this paper, we present REACT, a learning mechanism which utilizes information available in the social network in conjunction with information about the content to be shared to provide users with access control recommendations. We demonstrate the highly accurate performance of REACT through a detailed empirical evaluation and also discuss ways of personalizing it for different users in order to improve performance even further.
Conceptual Marketing Framework for Online Hotel Reservation System Design

The paper presents a theoretical framework of online hotel reservation systems' (OHRS) design. The author introduces the value model of an OHRS as a central concept in the OHRS's design process. Several marketing principles of the system's design are presented - ease of use, information sufficiency, information transparency, personalized service, ease of updating, compatibility, and interactivity. The paper also elaborates some of the critical marketing decisions in the design process - orientation of the system (to agents or direct customers), net or commissionable rates, room inventory, booking additional services, booking limitations, issuing travel and booking related documents, online payments, market intelligence, customer feedback capabilities and additional onsite resources.
Loyalty (The National Principles): Strengthening Eco-Tourism Industry in Sabah, Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the youth’s perception on the influences of the second National Principles (Rukun Negara no. 2) that is ‘loyalty to the king and country’ towards the eco-tourism industry in Sabah, Malaysia. This study aims to determine the positive and negative influences of the second National Principles (NP) on the eco-tourism industry; and to determine the factor associated most with the success of eco-tourism industry in relation to the second NP as perceived by youth in Sabah, Malaysia. The data were collected through a self administered questionnaire and later analyzed using SPSS. In this study, 100 youth were selected as respondents with a mean age of 27. This study found that there is a positive influence but no negative influence of the second NP on the eco-tourism industry in Sabah, Malaysia. The factor associated most with the success of eco-tourism industry in relation to the second NP as perceived by youth in Sabah, Malaysia is ethical and moral values. In accordance, professional experience, and the use of a specific formula may provide a suitable basis for change in this industry when dealing with the local perception on their responsibility to make this industry develop in relation to their feeling of concern towards ‘loyalty to the king and country’.
Preliminary Investigation on Anti Typhoid Properties of Acacia Nilotica Leaf Extract

Anti typhoid properties of methanol leaves extract of Acacia nilotica was investigated. The phytochemical screenings for detection of the presence of bioactive constituents were carried out. Among other parameters investigated include LD50 of the leaves extract, inoculation of mice with Salmonella typhi parasites treating them with leave extract of Acacia nilotica followed by widal tests. The phytochemical screening of the methanol leave extract of Acacia nilotica revealed the presence of alkaloid, anthraquinone, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoid, saponin, tannins and terpens. The leaves extract of Acacia nilotica has possess some acute toxicity effect on animals (mice) at a dose of (LD50) 288.5mg/kg. The plant extract produced inhibitory activities against Salmonella typhi. It is interesting to note the widal test titer valve was found to be 1\40 for the treated group while the untreated group had titer value of 1\160, suggesting that the plant leaves extract was effective as anti typhoid agent against salmonella typhi on mice infected with typhoid parasites. The extract demonstrated high activity against Salmonella typhi, bacterial typhoid causing agent.
Awareness under anaesthesia.

EDITOR,-I believe that Di Brighouse and John Norman should have put more emphasis on the treatment of patients who have been aware while under anaesthesia. ' At the second world congress on anaesthetic awareness, held in Atlanta in May, three speakers presented studies on patients who had been aware while under anaesthesia. My paper looked at the treatment of 32 patients who had been aware. I have shown ih this group that an early explanation with counselling by an anaesthetist experienced inhelping such patients reduces the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder developing. Ifsuch a disorder has developed an explanation with counselling can reduce its severity and duration. I suggest that every anaesthetic department should have an anaesthetist prepared to help patients whohave been aware, particularly if another anaesthetic is necessary, as this provides an additional stressor. Clearly with major stress reactions psychological help is needed, and psychiatrists and psychologists who are prepared to help should be identified. Lastly, an anaesthetist who has a patient who says that he or she was aware may find this stressful and also need help.
A BTB/POZ Gene, NAC-1, a Tumor Recurrence–Associated Gene, as a Potential Target for Taxol Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

Purpose: We previously determined that NAC-1, a transcription factor and member of the BTB/POZ gene family, is associated with recurrent ovarian carcinomas. In the current study, we investigated further the relationship between NAC-1 expression and ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: NAC-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and clinical variables were collected by retrospective chart review. SiRNA system and NAC-1 gene transfection were used to asses NAC-1 function in Taxol resistance in vivo. Results: Overexpression of NAC-1 correlated with shorter relapse-free survival in patients with advanced stage (stage III/IV) ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum and taxane chemotherapy. Furthermore, overexpression of NAC-1 in primary tumors predicted recurrence within 6 months after primary cytoreductive surgery followed by standard platinum and taxane chemotherapy. NAC-1 expression levels were measured and compared among the human ovarian cancer cell line (KF28), cisplatin-resistant cell line (KFr13) induced from KF28, and paclitaxel-resistant cell lines (KF28TX and KFr13TX) induced by exposing KF28 and KFr13 to dose-escalating paclitaxel. Overexpression of NAC-1 was observed in only the Taxol-resistant KF28TX and KFr13 TX cells but not in KF28 or cisplatin-resistant KFr13 cells. To confirm that NAC-1 expression was related to Taxol resistance, we used two independent but complementary approaches. NAC-1 gene knockdown in both KF28TX and KFr13TX rescued paclitaxel sensitivity. Additionally, engineered expression of NAC-1 in RK3E cells induced paclitaxel resistance. Conclusions: These results suggest that NAC-1 regulates Taxol resistance in ovarian cancer and may provide an effective target for chemotherapeutic intervention in Taxol-resistant tumors.
Challenges when developing omega-3 enriched foods

Due to the polyunsaturated nature of omega-3 fatty acids, lipid oxidation is a major challenge when developing omega-3 enriched foods. In multiphase food systems, several factors can affect lipid oxidation and efficacy of antioxidants, added to prevent lipid oxidation. This review discusses the influence of important factors such as oil quality, delivery systems for omega-3 fatty acids, processing conditions, composition of the food matrix on lipid oxidation in different omega-3 enriched foods (milk, yoghurt, mayonnaise and mayonnaise-based salads, dressing, energy bar and fish pate). Moreover, the effect of different antioxidants (tocopherol, EDTA, lactoferrin, caffeic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate, gallic acid, as well as lipophilized antioxidants) is compared in different food systems.
A Parallel Implementation of Multiple Non-overlapping Cameras for Robot Pose Estimation

Image processing and computer vision algorithms are gaining larger concern in a variety of application areas such as robotics and man-machine interaction. Vision allows the development of flexible, intelligent, and less intrusive approaches than most of the other sensor systems. In this work, we determine the location and orientation of a mobile robot which is crucial for performing its tasks. In order to be able to operate in real time there is a need to speed up different vision routines. Therefore, we present and evaluate a method for introducing parallelism into the multiple non-overlapping camera pose estimation algorithm proposed in [1]. In this algorithm the problem has been solved in real time using multiple non-overlapping cameras and the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Four cameras arranged in two back-to-back pairs are put on the platform of a moving robot. An important benefit of using multiple cameras for robot pose estimation is the capability of resolving vision uncertainties such as the bas-relief ambiguity. The proposed method is based on algorithmic skeletons for low, medium and high levels of parallelization. The analysis shows that the use of a multiprocessor system enhances the system performance by about 87%. In addition, the proposed design is scalable, which is necaccery in this application where the number of features changes repeatedly.
Spatial variation in sensitivity as a factor in measurements of spatial summation of warmth and cold

Perception of cutaneous heating and cooling depends strongly on stimulus size. Although this dependence has been attributed solely to spatial summation, topographical variations in temperature sensitivity may also play a role. These variations, which differentially affect perception of small stimuli, may have led to overestimation of spatial summation. This possibility was investigated by measuring detection thresholds and perceived intensity for heating and cooling on the volar surface of the forearm using a multiple-thermode stimulus array. By keeping the array in place throughout each testing session we were able to measure threshold sensitivity and suprathreshold responsiveness at eight individual sites and for combinations of these sites having total stimulus areas of 0.64-5.12 cm2. When spatial summation was calculated in the traditional way by averaging the data for all stimuli of each size, the results agreed closely with previous estimates of summation for warmth and cold. When calculations were based instead on the most sensitive test site for each stimulus size, estimates of summation were reduced by about two-thirds. This outcome indicates that the spatial heterogeneity of thermal sensitivity likely contributed to estimates of spatial summation reported in earlier psychophysical studies. A schematic model of cutaneous thermoreception is presented that shows how neural summation and the density of innervation may combine to produce the psychophysical effects of increasing stimulus size (spatial enhancement).
Impact of the international banking crisis on the Indian financial system

It would have been hard, even a few months prior to the collapse of Lehman Brothers, to anticipate the impact that the global financial crisis would have on the Indian economy. This is because the Indian banking system did not have any direct exposure to subprime mortgage assets or any significant exposure to the failed institutions, and the recent growth had been driven predominantly by domestic consumption and investment. And yet, the extent to which the global crisis impacted India was dismaying, spreading through all channels – the financial channel, the real channel and the confidence channel. The reason why India was hit by the crisis was because of its rapid and growing integration into the global economy.
Microvesicles from platelets: novel drivers of vascular inflammation

Summary Microvesicles are receiving increased attention not only as biomarkers but also as mediators of cell communication and as integral effectors of disease. Platelets present a major source of microvesicles and release these microvesicles either spontaneously or upon activation. Platelet-derived microvesicles retain many features of their parent cells and have been shown to exert modulatory effects on vascular and immune cells. Accordingly, microvesicles from platelets can be measured at increased levels in patients with cardiovascular disease or individuals at risk. In addition, isolated microvesicles from platelets were shown to exert immunomodulatory actions on various cell types. In this review the various aspects of platelet-derived microvesicles including release, clearance, measurement, occurrence during disease and relevance for the pathophysiology of vascular inflammation will be discussed.
Moving Personality Beyond the Person-Situation Debate

The person-situation debate is coming to an end because both sides of the debate have turned out to be right. With respect to momentary behaviors, the situation side is right: Traits do not predict, describe, or influence behavior very strongly; the typical individual's behavior is highly variable; and a process approach is needed to explain that variability. With respect to trends (e.g., a person's typical way of acting), however, the person side of the debate is right: Traits predict and describe behavior very well over long stretches of time, behavior is highly stable, and a trait approach is needed to explain differences between people. Thus, proponents of both sides are right and should continue to conduct fruitful research, and both viewpoints are necessary for a full understanding of personality. The next exciting steps in personality psychology will include integrating these two approaches in the same research paradigm.