Estudo da fauna de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) com simultânea investigação de infecção natural por Flavivirus em duas Unidades de Conservação da Mata Atlântica, Estado de São Paulo

Flaviviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) that take refuge in remnants of the Atlantic Forest. These green areas correspond to Conservation Units and urban parks which are spread throughout the metropolitan region of São Paulo. This study was carried out in order to identify the Culicidae fauna that circulate in Capivari-Monos Environmental Protection Area (APA), located in the South area of the city of São Paulo, and in Cantareira State Park (PEC), North area of the same municipality and to investigate natural Flaviviruses infection in this sampled Culicidae fauna. It was also proposed to relate the variety, quantity and identity of the Flaviviruses detected with patterns of richness, abundance and diversity of mosquito assemblages. Fourteen collections were carried out monthly at four collection sites in the APA and three in the PEC, all sites with different levels of anthropogenic intervention, during March 2016 to April 2017. CDC automatic traps (with attraction of CO2 and lactic acid) were installed in the canopy and on ground. The sampling effort was equivalent for all the points, and two traps were installed at each point (one in the canopy and the other on ground), with 18 hours of sampling, allowing sampling culicidae of daytime, morning and evening twilight, and nightlyl habits. The specimens were carried alive to the Public Health Laboratory of the School of Public Health of the University of São Paulo, were cryopreserved at a -70oC temperature, identified morphologically and grouped in pools (with up to 10 individuals). The pools were submitted to the virus isolation technique in cell culture tissue (C6 / 36), followed by the indirect immunofluorescence test. The positive pools were submitted to the RT-qPCR reaction and, subsequently, sequenced. Two similarity trees were made only to confirm Flaviviruses infection. In total, 1216 specimens of culicidae were sampled (13 genera), and the richness was 42 taxa. In addition to APA recorded the highest abundance (878 specimens) and also highest richness (37 taxa). Cachoeira was the collection site in APA that showed the greatest richness and abundance as well, however, with the lowest diversity. In addition, Borracharia obtained high richness, low abundance and highest diversity. PEC sampled 338 specimens and the richness was 23 taxa. Among the collection sites of the PEC, Pinheirinho Trail showed the highest richness and also abundance. An. (Ker.) cruzii, Cx. (Cux.) sp, Cx. (Mel.) vaxus, Li. durhami, Wy. (Prl.) confusa and Wy. (Pho.) theobaldi were detected with natural Flaviviruses infection. The sequencing analyzes revealed ZIKV infection in An. (Ker.) cruzii, Li. durhami and Wy. (Prl.) confusa, and DENV-2 infection in Cx. (Cux.) sp and Cx. (Mel.) vaxus. It has concluded that the richness, abundance and also diversity are related to each other and, together, influenced the detection of species of culicidae naturally infected by Flaviviruses, which were detected in species from collection sites whose richness and abundance were high. About quantity and variety of Flaviviruses, these were also influenced by the three factors on nature. It was not possible to correlate the identity of the Flaviviruses with the three factors since the species detected with natural infection by these viruses are not indicated as potential vectors. Moreover, abundance and diversity appeared to have an inverse relation. Key-words: APA Capivari-Monos, Cantareira State Park, Flaviviruses, ZIK, DENV-2