Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
British general practitioners' attitudes toward abortion.

CONTEXT Women in Great Britain may obtain abortions only if they meet certain criteria and the procedure is approved by two physicians. Since seeing a general practitioner is typically a woman's first step toward obtaining an abortion, these doctors' attitudes about the procedure are very important. METHODS In 1999, a random sample of 702 general practitioners participated in a mailed survey regarding their attitudes toward abortion and the British Abortion Act. RESULTS Four in five respondents considered themselves broadly prochoice, and three in five believed that the current law should be liberalized to give women the right to obtain an abortion without regard as to reason. Three-quarters of doctors favored government provision of free abortions, and one-quarter thought that the current law places an unreasonable burden on general practitioners. However, physicians' opinions about whether the abortion decision should be the woman's alone depended on the pregnancy's gestation, and three-fifths of respondents said that the law was appropriate. Among doctors who were broadly antiabortion, one-fifth favored women's right to choose, and two-thirds supported the current law; however, nearly half opposed government funding of abortion services, and one-quarter did not feel that physicians need to reveal their antiabortion stance to patients. CONCLUSIONS Although Great Britain's abortion law is more restrictive than those in many other developed countries, general practitioners have largely positive attitudes toward women's access to abortion and toward the existing law. Their occasionally contradictory views, however, suggest that some areas are potentially problematic.
Electrochemical Properties of Platinum, Glassy Carbon, and Pyrographite as Stimulating Electrodes

Presently, platinum, platinum‐iridium, and carbon (glossy and pyrographite) are the preferred materials to be used as stimulating electrodes. Electrochemical tests revealed higher thresholds with Pt‐Ir, which possibly are a result of excessive connective tissue growth. A porous structure appears to be preferred especially if the electrode materials are smooth and activated glassy carbon. When comparing power consumption, glassy carbon was found to be a superior electrode material.
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on regional distribution of tidal volume and recruitment in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

The distribution of tidal volume (VT) and recruitment was investigated by chest computed tomography (CT) in eight sedated-paralyzed patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A CT section was obtained in the supine position at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and at the corresponding inspiratory plateau pressure (21 +/- 1.8, 26 +/- 1.4, 31 +/- 1.8, 38 +/- 2.1, and 46 +/- 3.2 cm H2O [mean +/- SE]), keeping VT constant. Each CT section was divided along its ventral-dorsal height into 10 equally spaced intervals (levels). Vi(insp) and Vi(exp) were defined as the gas volume for level i (i = 1 to 10) at end-inspiration and at end-expiration, respectively. The following variables were computed at each lung level: (1) distribution of CT section tidal volume (VTct), i.e., the fraction of VT that inflates a given lung level; (2) the plateau-induced and PEEP-induced recruitment, i.e., the amount of lung tissue previously collapsed that inflates at plateau pressure and at PEEP, respectively; (3) the reopening-collapsing tissue, i.e., the amount of lung tissue that regains inflation at plateau pressure and collapses at PEEP. With increasing PEEP from 0 to 20 cm H2O, the VTct distribution decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the upper levels, did not change in the middle levels, and increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the lower levels. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Real-time source separation based on sound localization in a reverberant environment

We propose a real-time source separation method that works well even under reverberant conditions. Previously, we proposed a method called SAFIA, which segregates sound sources by using sound localization cues acquired by multiple microphones. Under reverberant conditions, SAFIA suffers from "spectral overlap caused by reverberation", which introduces distortion into the separated speech signals. Extending the concept of SAFIA, we propose a new method (WAFD-SAFIA) based on simple signal-processing operations. WAFD-SAFIA significantly reduces the effects of "spectral overlap caused by reverberation". Computing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) and SDR (signal-to-distortion ratio) for both methods, we found that this new method outperformed SAFIA in a realistic environment. Moreover, to clarify the effect of frequency resolution on SAFIA, we determined whether a given frequency resolution decreased the overlap between the frequency components of two speech signals.
ON-CHIP ISOTACHOPHORESIS AND FUNCTIONALIZED HYDROGEL CAPTURE FOR SENSITIVE MICRORNA DETECTION

We integrate on-chip isotachophoresis (ITP) and photopatterned functionalized hydrogels to perform rapid high-sensitivity detection of nucleic acids. We use ITP to enhance hybridization kinetics between target microRNAs and reporter oligos and remove excess reporters with a functionalized polyacrylamide capture gel. We achieve over 4000-fold background signal reduction, ~1 pM sensitivity, 4 orders of magnitude dynamic range, selectivity for mature microRNAs, and running time under 10 min.
Morphological perceptrons with dendritic structure

Recent advances in neurobiology and the biophysics of neural computation have brought to the foreground the importance of dendritic structures of neurons. These structures are now viewed as the primary basic computational units of the neuron, capable of realizing logical operations. Based on these new biophysical neural models, we develop a new paradigm for single layer perceptrons that incorporates dendritic processes. The basic computational processes in dendrites as well as neurons are based on lattice algebra. The computational capabilities of this new perceptron model is demonstrated by means of several illustrative examples and two theorems.
ELABORACIÓN DE INDICADORES PARA LA EDUCACIÓN EN LÍNEA Y A DISTANCIA.

Se presentan los avances de una linea de investigacion que busca delimitar y validar indicadores de calidad para la educacion en linea y a distancia que se han delimitado en un modelo de 243 indicadores partiendo del principio de validez de expertos a partir de la revision de documentos a criterio que se han organizado segun tres momentos institucionales (a la entrada del programa, en el proceso y al egreso) y frente a los agentes involucrados (la institucion, los docentes y los estudiantes). Posteriormente se han usado estos indicadores para categorizar todos los resumenes disponibles (1118) sobre calidad de la educacion en linea obtenidos de ISI de los ultimos 10 anos (validez de contenido), en los que se obtuvo como resultado 33218 etiquetas que se distribuyen en 27.6 % para indicadores sobre el ingreso, 69.8 % para indicadores sobre el proceso y 2.6 % para los indicadores de salida. Los resultados encontrados permitiran iniciar la reelaboracion del modelo explicativo de indicadores para la educacion en linea y a distancia.
AVALIAÇÃO DO TEMPO DE MATURAÇÃO DAS FÍSTULAS RÁDIO-CEFÁLICAS PARA HEMODIÁLISE

A fistula arteriovenosa para hemodialise e a anastomose entre uma arteria e uma veia superficial, utilizada como acesso venoso definitivo para pacientes que realizam hemodialise. Apos a cirurgia e necessario aguardar a dilatacao e o aumento da resistencia da parede dos vasos para que a fistula adquira um fluxo minimo. Este periodo e chamado de maturacao. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se o tempo de maturacao das fistulas radio-cefalicas e influenciado pelo genero e idade dos pacientes ou pela causa da insuficiencia renal. Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo com todos pacientes renais cronicos da Clinica de Doencas Renais de Tubarao – SC submetidos a fistula radio-cefalica no periodo entre agosto de 2010 e agosto de 2012. A media de idade foi 57,2 anos. O genero predominante foi o masculino (65,2%). A principal causa de Insuficiencia Renal Cronica foi a hipertensao arterial sistemica em 42,4% dos casos, diabetes em 36,4% e outras doencas em 21,2%. O tempo medio de maturacao foi de 41,5 ± 12,8 dias. Pacientes diabeticos apresentaram media de 45,8 ± 14,8 dias e em nao diabeticos 39,1 ± 10,9 (p=0,038). A comparacao do tempo de maturacao com genero, faixa etaria, hipertensao arterial sistemica e outras doencas nao demonstrou diferenca estatistica. A media do tempo de maturacao das fistulas foi de 41,5 dias. Pacientes diabeticos apresentaram tempo de maturacao mais prolongado, devendo aguardar um minimo de 7 semanas para utilizacao da fistula. O tempo de maturacao e aparentemente independente do genero, faixa etaria e outras comorbidades.
Identification of TBK1 complexes required for the phosphorylation of IRF3 and the production of interferon β

The double-stranded RNA mimetic poly(I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activate Toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3) and TLR4, respectively, triggering the activation of TANK (TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) complexes, the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and transcription of the interferon β (IFNβ) gene. Here, we demonstrate that the TANK–TBK1 and optineurin (OPTN)–TBK1 complexes control this pathway. The poly(I:C)- or LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of IRF3 at Ser396 and production of IFNβ were greatly reduced in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from TANK knockout (KO) mice crossed to knockin mice expressing the ubiquitin-binding-defective OPTN[D477N] mutant. In contrast, IRF3 phosphorylation and IFNβ production were not reduced significantly in BMDM from OPTN[D477N] knockin mice and only reduced partially in TANK KO BMDM. The TLR3/TLR4-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 and IFNβ gene transcription were not decreased in macrophages from OPTN[D477N] crossed to mice deficient in IκB kinase ε, a TANK-binding kinase related to TBK1. In contrast with the OPTN–TBK1 complex, TBK1 associated with OPTN[D477N] did not undergo phosphorylation at Ser172 in response to poly(I:C) or LPS, indicating that the interaction of ubiquitin chains with OPTN is required to activate OPTN–TBK1 in BMDM. The phosphorylation of IRF3 and IFNβ production induced by Sendai virus infection were unimpaired in BMDM from TANK KO × OPTN[D477N] mice, suggesting that other/additional TBK1 complexes control the RIG-I-like receptor-dependent production of IFNβ. Finally, we present evidence that, in human HACAT cells, the poly(I:C)-dependent phosphorylation of TBK1 at Ser172 involves a novel TBK1-activating kinase(s).
Prospective Evaluation of the Hybrid Capture 2 and AMPLICOR Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Tests for Detection of 13 High-Risk HPV Genotypes in Atypical Squamous Cells of Uncertain Significance

ABSTRACT The use of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing as an adjunct to cervical cytology in population-based screening programs is currently based on DNA hybridization and PCR assays. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the diagnostic performance of the Hybrid Capture 2 test (HC2; Digene Corporation) in comparison with that of the recently developed PCR-based AMPLICOR HPV test (Roche Molecular Systems) for the detection of 13 hrHPV types. A reverse line blot hybridization assay (Innogenetics) was used as an internal reference standard in discordant cases. Two hundred seventy-one patients with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) in cervical samples underwent hrHPV testing. The chi-square test was performed to compare respective proportions. Totals of 160/271 (59%) and 156/271 (58%) were found to be positive for hrHPV with HC2 and AMPLICOR, respectively. Concordant results were obtained for 235 (86.7%) of the 271 samples (kappa statistic, 0.73 ± 0.04). Considering types 26, 53, and 66 as oncogenic types, negative predictive values (NPVs) of HC2 and AMPLICOR were 92.8% and 87.8%, respectively (difference was not significant), and their respective accuracies were 94.8% and 91.9% (difference was not significant). Considering types 26, 53, and 66 as not oncogenic, the respective HC2 and AMPLICOR NPVs were 92.8% and 97.4% (difference was not significant), and accuracy was significantly higher for the AMPLICOR assay (95.9% versus 90.8% for HC2) (P < 0.05). For ASCUS samples, the NPV was 92.8% for HC2 testing and might be compromised if the copy number of HPV DNA was low. The NPV was 97.4% for the AMPLICOR assay and might be compromised if HPV types 26, 53, and 66 were considered oncogenic. The accuracy of these two assays is good and is compatible with routine clinical use in the triage of ASCUS cases.
Phyllodes tumor: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 30 cases.

CONTEXT Phyllodes tumors (PTs) of the breast are biphasic neoplasms composed of epithelium and a spindle-cell stroma. Currently, PTs are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant based on histopathologic features. However, histologic classification does not always predict outcome. Objective. -To determine the prognostic value of a variety of clinicopathologic features and immunoreactivities in PTs. DESIGN Sixteen benign, 8 borderline, and 6 malignant PTs with follow-up were examined for reactivity across a panel of immunohistochemical stains, including c-Kit, endothelin 1, p16, p21, p53, and Ki-67. Clinicopathologic features, including stromal cellularity, mitotic rate, and margin status, were also assessed. Tumor variables were compared among tumor subgroups and between tumors that did and did not recur. RESULTS Of the 30 PTs, 4 recurred (1 benign, 2 borderline, 1 malignant). One patient with a malignant tumor died of metastatic disease 34 months after initial diagnosis. The overall positive rate of c-Kit immunoreactivity was 13% in benign, 63% in borderline, and 67% in malignant PTs. Endothelin 1 epithelial cytoplasmic staining was seen in 100% of benign, 50% of borderline, and 17% of malignant PTs. Additionally, p16, p21, p53, and Ki-67 were differentially expressed among benign, borderline, and malignant tumors. Positive surgical resection margins was the only variable that significantly predicted recurrent disease (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Stromal c-Kit positivity and epithelial endothelin 1 negativity are more often associated with malignant PTs; however, only positive margin status is significantly associated with tumor behavior.
Effectiveness of Visual Collision Warning Alerts on Young Drivers' Latent Hazard Anticipation

Forward roadway collision warning systems can reduce rear-end collisions, among other unsafe behaviors. Previous studies have shown that young drivers fail to scan adequately for latent hazards. The current driving simulator study investigates the effect of visual collision warning messages on drivers’ hazard anticipation ability, when presented either 2s, 3s or 4s in advance of a potential threat. This experiment examined the latent hazard anticipation behavior of fortyeight young drivers aged 18-25 across eight unique scenarios both, in the presence, and absence of visual collision warning alerts. The analysis of glance data captured using an eye tracker, show that visual warning messages significantly increased the proportion of latent hazards anticipated regardless of hazard type (pedestrian or vehicle). The 2s warning duration was found to statistically have the same effect on hazard anticipation compared to the 3s and 4s warning thresholds. The study has potential implications for the effective design of forward collision warning systems.
The ESA METAWAVE project: Correcting for atmospheric water vapour effects in InSAR products

In many cases, the largest uncertainty in Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is a range delay caused by the presence of atmospheric water vapour resulting in a phase disturbance. This limits the accuracy of InSAR products such as digital elevation models (DEMs) and terrain subsidence maps. The quality of these products could be dramatically improved if atmospheric water vapour effects could be corrected for. The ESA METAWAVE (Mitigation of Electromagnetic Transmission errors induced by Atmospheric WAter Vapour Effects) project primarily aims at improving the accuracy of InSAR products by correcting for atmospheric effects in novel ways.
Control of hypertension with medication: a comparative analysis of national surveys in 20 countries.

OBJECTIVE To examine hypertension management across countries and over time using consistent and comparable methods. METHODS A systematic search identified nationally representative health examination surveys from 20 countries containing data from 1980 to 2011 on blood pressure measurements, the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and its control with antihypertensive drugs. For each country, the prevalence of hypertension (i.e. systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or antihypertensive use) and the proportion of hypertensive individuals whose condition was diagnosed, treated or controlled with medications (i.e. systolic pressure < 140 mmHg) were estimated. FINDINGS The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension varied between countries: for individuals aged 35 to 49 years, it ranged from around 12% in Bangladesh, Egypt and Thailand to around 30% in Armenia, Lesotho and Ukraine; for those aged 35 to 84 years, it ranged from 20% in Bangladesh to more than 40% in Germany, the Russian Federation and Turkey. The age-standardized percentage of hypertensive individuals whose condition was diagnosed, treated or controlled was highest in the United States of America: for those aged 35 to 49 years, it was 84%, 77% and 56%, respectively. Percentages were especially low in Albania, Armenia, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey. Although recent trends in prevalence differed in England, Japan and the United States, treatment coverage and hypertension control improved over time, particularly in England. CONCLUSION Globally the proportion of hypertensive individuals whose condition is treated or controlled with medication remains low. Greater efforts are needed to improve hypertension control, which would reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases.
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts: orchestrating the composition of malignancy

In this review, Gascard and Tlsty focus on novel insights into the contributions of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to disease progression. They also discuss the generation of CAFs and recent therapeutic approaches aimed at blunting or reverting detrimental protumorigenic phenotypes associated with CAFs.
What Is Your Diagnosis?

A 10-week-old female ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) was presented to the Kansas State University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a complaint of a 3-day history of lethargy and weight loss. The bird had been obtained from a nest in western Kansas for use as a falconry bird 5 weeks before presentation. Additional clinical signs the falconer noticed were weight loss, lethargy, and changes in behavior, including an unwillingness to step up on a gloved hand for food (despite an otherwise normal appetite), slight drooping of the wings, and decreased vocalizations. The bird was maintained in a partially enclosed 1.23 1.4-m building with multiple perches and a sand substrate. The bird’s diet consisted of frozen thawed adult mice; frozen thawed rabbit, beef liver, and raw chicken meat; and live prey, including quail, rats, and juvenile rabbits. Water was available ad libitum. On physical examination, the bird was in fair body condition (body condition score 2/5), weighed 1.4 kg, and had a slight bilaterally symmetrical wing droop. Immediately after the examination, the bird was allowed to perch and began staring at the wall (stargazing). This behavior had not been previously observed by the owner. Otherwise, the bird was alert and responsive with no overt neurologic deficits. A heparinized blood sample was obtained by right jugular venipuncture and submitted for complete blood count and plasma biochemical profile. A fecal flotation and wet mount were performed, and 2-view whole body radiographs were obtained with manual restraint (Figs 1 and 2). Results of the complete blood count revealed occasional reactive lymphocytes and marked toxic changes in the heterophils. Plasma biochemical values were unremarkable. Reference ranges were extrapolated from other raptor species. No ova or parasites were found on fecal examination.
An Ambient ASM Model for Client-to-Client Interaction via Cloud Computing

In our former work we have given a high-level formal model of a cloud service architecture in terms of a novel formal method approach which combines the advantages of the mathematically well-founded software engineering method called abstract state machines and of the calculus of mobile agents called ambient calculus . This paper presents an extension for this cloud model which enables client-to-client interaction in an almost direct way, so that the involvement of cloud services is transparent to the users. The discussed solution for transparent use of services is a kind of switching service, where registered cloud users communicate with each other, and the only role the cloud plays is to switch resources from one client to another.
Additive Schwarz method for quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations

We consider the solution of the algebraic system of equations which result from discretization of quasilinear elliptic problems of monotone type. We consider two methods one which is extension of multilev el additiv e Schwarz method for linear problems and second: the approximate Newton method with inner-outer iterations. Keyw ords: nonlinear elliptic problems, preconditioner, nite elements, Schwartz algorithms, Newton’s method, multigrid methods AMS(MOS) sub ject classi cations. 65H10,65N30,65N55
An improved semi-supervised learning method for software defect prediction

This paper presents an improved semi-supervised learning approach for defect prediction involving class imbalanced and limited labeled data problem. This approach employs random under-sampling technique to resample the original training set and updating training set in each round for co-train style algorithm. It makes the defect predictor more practical for real applications, by combating these problems. In comparison with conventional machine learning approaches, our method has significant superior performance. Experimental results also show that with the proposed learning approach, it is possible to design better method to tackle the class imbalanced problem in semi-supervised learning.