Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of Japanese-to-Indonesian Machine Translation on Different Models

As the relationship between Japan and Indonesia gets stronger in various fields such as education, economy, culture, research, and trade, the need of automatic machine translation is increasing. However, there is still little research effort on JapaneseIndonesian machine translation. Also, there is no standard Japanese-Indonesian parallel corpora available to build a decent translation model. In this study, we collect as many Japanese-Indonesian parallel data as possible and train state-of-the-art machine translation models in order to investigate their performance on this specific language pair. Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is an SVO (SubjectVerb-Object) language that uses the same alphabet, syntax, and punctuations with English. In addition, Indonesian affixes are important because slightly different affixes may have very different meanings. On the other hand, Japanese is an SOV language which uses kanji (chinese characters), hiragana, and katakana in its writing system. Japanese has also an extensive grammatical system to express politeness and formality. Considering these characteristics of Indonesian and Japanese, machine translation between them has lots of challenges due to their linguistic differences. Simon and Purwarianti [5] build a JapaneseIndonesian statistical machine translation (SMT) system, however, their data was limited as only 500 parallel sentence pairs. Purwarianti et al. [9] also build a Indonesian-to-Japanese SMT system, but they use English as a pivot and no direct translation is considered. We examine the effectiveness of the state-of-theart machine translation models in order to understand problems and challenges on this language pair. Specifically, we evaluate SMT and neural machine translation (NMT) models. NMT applies neural network in translation and has begun to show promising results for several resourceful languages like English-
Mobile Discourses: A Critical Discourse Analysis on Reports of Intergovernmental Organizations Recommending Mobile Phones for Development

Considered the most accessible Information Communication Technology (ICT) ever to emerge, mobile phones are being recommended by international organizations as an essential tool for treating development problems, despite barriers and the lack of evidence of benefits. This dissertation relies on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of reports of the World Bank, the United Nations and the United Nations Development Programme to unveil how these intergovernmental organizations articulate their discourse of advising mobiles to improve life. Their main rationale is also compared with previous development and ICT for development (ICTD) theories. Three excerpts from each report were evaluated: the executive summary, the section concerning the impacts of mobiles on development and the chapter highlighting policy recommendations. The analysis found that the three institutions have aligned discourses that exalt and differentiate the impact of mobile phones even more than that of other ICTs. Textual strategies are employed to minimize barriers, project failures and the lack of evidence of outcomes and, in contrast, to highlight easy solutions to these. The main message is that access to a handset will lead straightforwardly to benefits, echoing dominant paradigms. In order to make mobile devices and services more available, governments are exhorted to support the private sector in building the necessary infrastructure. The main argument for this is no longer the digital divide between Global North and South. The gaps are now between rural and urban areas within countries, and between those who have or do not have smartphones and access to mobile broadband. This process can demonstrate how the gaps justifying policies can be constantly changed in the ICTD discourse and highlights the need to deepen the research on specific discursive approaches in the mobile for development field. MSc Dissertation of Maria Paola de Salvo
Enhancing regional economic cooperation and integration in Asia and the Pacific

The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific endorsed the Bangkok Declaration on Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration in Asia and the Pacific in its resolution 70/1. In the Declaration, it was recognized, inter alia, that progress had been made by regional groupings and organizations in integrating their subregions, and an agenda was proposed aimed at deepening and broadening economic cooperation and integration in Asia and the Pacific. The agenda consisted of four elements: (a) moving towards the formation of an integrated market, (b) developing seamless connectivity in the region, (c) enhancing financial cooperation, and (d) increasing economic cooperation to address shared vulnerabilities and risks.
Goal-oriented adaptivity in complementary geometric formulations for electrostatics

An innovative approach has been recently proposed for the voltage breakdown prediction in high voltage systems, insulated by large vacuum gaps. This approach is based on complementary geometric formulations for electrostatics coupled to the analytical solution of the equations of motion for charged particles. In this paper a goal-oriented local mesh refinement technique is introduced, which allows to increase the rate of convergence of the solution, enabling an effective voltage breakdown prediction also in large scale systems with complex geometries.
Shayakhmetova Smart-system of distance learning of visually impaired people based on approaches of arti cial intelligence

Research objective is the creation of intellectual innovative technology and information Smart-system of distance learning for visually impaired people. The organization of the available environment for receiving quality education for visually impaired people, their social adaptation in society are important and topical issues of modern education.The proposed Smart-system of distance learning for visually impaired people can signi cantly improve the e ciency and quality of education of this category of people. The scienti c novelty of proposed Smart-system is using intelligent and statistical methods of processing multi-dimensional data, and taking into account psycho-physiological characteristics of perception and awareness learning information by visually impaired people.
How English Works: A Grammar Practice Book

Combining rich illustrations and authentic exercises, How English Works makes the learning and practising of grammar both a pleasure and a challenge. The author's imaginative and wholly original approach to the presentation and organisation of their text offers students a lively, purposeful package to give them a confident command of English forms and their uses. Designed for students working on their own, but also ideal for use in class, How English Works covers all the key elements in the standard EFL grammar syllabus, and many other topics which are often ignored.
THE AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM : APPROPRIATE ROLES AND INTERACTIONS FOR THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS

knowledge; have translated new knowledge into practice for the benefit of farmers, agribusiness and consumers; and have prepared the next generation of agricultural scientists and entrepreneurs. Historically, there have been strong arguments for public investment in such knowledge generation and transfer activities. The basic argument is that knowledge is by nature a “public good” and, therefore, the private sector would be unwilling to invest in fundamental research. The public sector should do so instead. In this way, new concepts, processes, techniques and materials could be developed and flow in the economy with positive social welfare effects.
STABILIZED LINEAR MODEL FOR NEUROMAGNETIC SOURCE LOCALIZATION

In MEG studies, head movement during data recording often causes problems in event-related averaging as well as source localization accuracy. We propose in this work a stabilized linear model which can solve this head movement problem by conceptually increasing the sensor number, under the condition that the head movement is known. This method is particularly beneficial for MEG studies in which head movement commonly occurs, such as those studies requiring long experimental duration or those when patients/children are involved. Phantom studies and studies of somatosensory evoked field clearly show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Localization and Coordination in Decentralized Multi-Robot Systems

In this thesis, a problem definition, including motivation and research objectives is proposed to address localization and coordination issues in decentralized multi-robot systems. Through an in-depth literature review of current research in the field, ten issues in localization and eight issues in coordination methodologies warranting further investigation were identified. The optimal number of robots in a system and the scalability of the system were selected for analysis in the application of Urban Search and Rescue, and a problem definition to address these issues was developed. A preliminary methodology to address the problem definition is proposed and warrants further investigation.
BIOPHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF OPHTHALMIC EXCIPIENTS USING IN VITRO AND EX VIVO CORNEAL MODELS

Article history: Received 7 November 2016 Received in revised form 17 February 2017 Accepted 12 March 2017 Available online 14 March 2017 Themost extensively characterizedhuman-derived cell line used in transcorneal permeability studies, in termsof passive transcellular and paracellular transport, transporter expression andmetabolic enzymes, is the immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-T). The purpose of this study is to describe the changes in the HCE-T barrier phenotype in vitro when valid cultivation conditions, in accordance with the standardized HCE-T cellbased model protocol, were employed. Evaluation of the structural and functional barrier properties revealed two different HCE-T barrier phenotypes, depending on the polycarbonate membrane pore size. Model I (pore size 0.4 μm)was characterized by amultilayered HCE-T epithelium at the apical side and a weak barrier function (70–115 Ω×cm), whereas Model II (pore size 3 μm) consisted of an apical lipophilic HCE-T monolayer and a basolateral lipophilic monolayer of migrated HCE-T cells that showed improved barrier properties (1700–2600 Ω×cm) comparedwithModel I. Considering the permeation of ophthalmic compounds and in vitro/ex vivo correlation, Model II was better able to predict transcorneal drug permeation. This study highlights the important aspects of HCE-T barrier phenotype variability that should be continuously monitored in the routine application of HCE-T cell-based models across both academic and pharmaceutical industry research laboratories. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparison of discrete and continuous bio-inspired metaheuristics for HMM likelihood maximization

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of three population-based and bio-inspired metaheuristics for the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) likelihood maximization problem. After a short description of HMMs and the corresponding continuous search space, we introduce three population based metaheuristics used to solve the optimization problem: a genetic algorithm, an ant based algorithm and a particle swarm optimization method. The third part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of similarities and differences between algorithms both theoretically and experimentally.
Molecular characterization and evolution of α-actinin : from protozoa to vertebrates av

α-actinin is a ubiquitous protein found in most eukaryotic organisms. The ability to form dimers allows α-actinin to cross-link actin in different structures. In muscle cells α-actinin is found at the Z-disk of sarcomeres. In non-muscle cells α-actinin is found in zonula adherens or focal adhesion sites where it can bind actin to the plasma membrane. α-actinin is the shortest member of the spectrin superfamily of proteins which also includes spectrin, dystrophin and utrophin. Several hypotheses suggest that α-actinin is the ancestor of this superfamily. The structure of α-actinin in higher organisms has been well characterized consisting of three main domains: an N-terminal actin-binding domain with two calponin homology domains, a central rod domain with four spectrin repeats and a C-terminal calcium-binding domain. Data mining of genomes from diverse organisms has made possible the discovery of new and atypical α-actinin isoforms that have not been characterized yet. Invertebrates contain a single α-actinin isoform, whereas most of the vertebrates contain four. These four isoforms can be broadly classified in two groups, muscle isoforms and non-muscle isoforms. Muscle isoforms bind actin in a calciumindependent manner whereas non-muscle isoforms bind actin in a calcium-dependent manner. Some of the protozoa and fungi isoforms are atypical in that they contain fewer spectrin repeats in the rod domain. We have purified and characterized two ancestral α-actinins from the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Our results show that despite the shorter rod domain they conserve the most important functions of modern α-actinin such as actin-bundling formation and calcium-binding regulation. Therefore it is suggested that they are genuine α-actinins. The phylogenetic tree of α-actinin shows that the four different α-actinin isoforms appeared after the vertebrate-invertebrate split as a result of two rounds of genome duplication. The atypical α-actinin isoforms are placed as the most divergent isoforms suggesting that they are ancestral isoforms. We also propose that the most ancestral α-actinin contained a single repeat in its rod domain. After a first intragene duplication α-actinin with two spectrin repeats were created and a second intragene duplication gave rise to modern α-actinins with four spectrin repeats.
Robust router reconfiguration in large dynamic networks

In the current IP protocol suite there is a tradeoff between scalability and the maximum allowable mobility. Flat MANET routing protocols can deal with high mobility, but cannot scale to support the thousands of mobile routers needed in the Army's Future Combat System. Using IP subnets and hierarchical domains provides scalability, but breaks existing configuration protocols (A. McAuley, et al., 2002) in high mobile networks (e.g., network splits lead to conflicting routing tables). This evidences the need for router mobility detection and dynamic reconfiguration mechanisms in scalable mobile networking. This paper describes a new beacon protocol to allow rapid detection of IP router movements, including network splitting and merging, within large hierarchical domains. It detects movement by identifying each IP subnets and higher-level domains with a beacon node; and, by not relying on network configuration, IP routing, or any fixed nodes, it is robust to any network changes. Nodes can optionally report topology changes to the beacon node with low overhead.
Carbon Farming on M ā ori land : Do governance structures matter ?

Market-based climate policies have the potential to create important new opportunities for land management for indigenous and communal landowners, while providing environmental benefits. Yet these policies have been designed with an incomplete understanding of land-use decision-making among such landowners, possibly leading to problems with uptake and, therefore, under-delivery of public benefits. Understanding decision-making by these landowners, through the lens of organizational theory, helps make our understanding of potential policy impacts more complete, guiding policymakers toward more effective solutions, better targeted policies, and greater uptake among landowners. To better understand the process of land-use decision-making, I developed and conducted four participatory case studies of carbon farming on Māori land blocks with different communal governance structures. I interpreted the outcomes using concepts from organizational theory. The results suggest that structural attributes of the governance institutions shape their decision processes, influencing whether and to what extent they take up market-based policy opportunities. Some structures had difficulty responding effectively to the policy conditions as currently framed. Insights from organizational theory, supported by the case studies, point to policy interventions or modifications that will make it easier for each structure to participate. Such policy amendments could induce greater participation, ultimately leading to better livelihoods for indigenous landowners and greater delivery of public benefits. 1 Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Cache‐efficient renumbering for vectorization

A renumbering strategy for field solvers based on unstructured grids that avoids memory contention and minimizes cache‐misses is described. Compared with usual colouring techniques, the new renumbering strategy reduces the spread in point‐data access for edge‐based solvers by more than an order of magnitude. The technique is particularly suited for multicore, cache‐based machines that allow for vectorization or pipelining. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of deepwater coral habitat and fishing on benthic faunal assemblages of seamounts on the Chatham Rise , New Zealand

Seamounts are prominent and widely distributed features of the New Zealand marine environment, and also the focus of important commercial fisheries. In 2001 a study was undertaken of eight of the ‘Graveyard complex’ seamounts on the Chatham Rise, an area that has been heavily trawled for orange roughy since the early 1990s. Half of the study seamounts were considered ‘unfished’ (total of <10 trawls per seamount) and the other ‘fished’ (total of 40–1500 trawls per seamount). Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages of each seamount were sampled using epibenthic sleds, whilst substrate composition, the presence of habitat-forming fauna (i.e. live corals) and indications of trawling (e.g. trawl door marks) were determined using a towed underwater camera that took images a few metres above the seabed. Analyses of resulting data revealed that seabed habitat was heterogenous on all seamounts. However, ‘unfished’ seamounts possessed a relatively large amount of habitatforming coral (on average: 33% of seabed images, 17% overall mean cover) comprising live Solenosmilia variablis and Madrepora oculata, whilst ‘fished’ seamounts possessed relatively little such habitat (on average: 1.6% of seabed images, 0.04% overall mean cover). Indications of trawling were observed six times more frequently on seabed images from ‘fished’ as opposed to ‘unfished’ seamounts (on average: 25% versus 4% of seabed images). Multivariate analyses revealed the assemblage composition of ‘fished’ and ‘unfished’ seamounts was significantly different, and that the variability observed in the assemblage composition (not including live coral) between the study seamounts can in-part be explained by the relative occurrence of live coral. The results of the study are discussed with respect to New Zealand’s national seamount management strategy, the subsequent protection from fishing of three of the study seamounts, and the need for ongoing monitoring and research to derive conservation practices that allow for appropriate management of seamount fisheries.
Study of the Impact of ICT on New Trends in Consumer Behaviour in Tourism when Planning Trips

: This paper focuses on studying the intensity of ICT application in the segment of consumer behaviour. According the opinions of scientists in this field, as corroborated by their theories, the first part of the paper emphasises on studying the use of new technologies in Europe over a over the last decadae. Results show that its use varies in each country, whereby it can be concluded that there are factors that are a prerequisite to new trends in the consumers’ use of new technologies. The second part focuses on the empirical research concerning the use of new technologies by tourists when they obtain information or book a trip. The framework of research covered the period between June 2010 and November of the same year. The study was coducting on the sample of 400 tourists that spent at least one overnight in Dubrovnik. Although tourists still use intermediaries to a large extent, survey results show a growing trend of using Internet as an acceptable source of information and as a means for trip organization indicating its complementary value.
Genetic Basis for Biotic Stress Resistance of Solanaceae Family : A Review

Solanaceous crops are ranked among the most important crops of the world after the staple crops. However, these plants are under a constant threat of various pathogens. Disease management of plants is very important to minimize the damage and economic losses caused by plant pathogens. Various strategies are used to manage the diseases in solanaceous crops stretching from cultural practices to transgenic approaches. However, manipulation of host resistance is considered the most effective and economical strategy for controlling these diseases. Plants employ a number of host resistance approaches against the invading pathogens ranging from basal resistance to hypersensitive response. Numerous resistance genes have been identified and well characterized in solanaceae species. Such genes have long been conferring resistance against notorious phytopathogens. This review gives a comprehensive description of various resistance mechanisms employed by plants to resist pathogens. The emphasis of this review is on the resistance genes that have been investigated in solanaceous plants. Furthermore, a number of known homologous resistance genes within the solanaceae family have also been discussed. The review will be helpful in understanding the genetic knowledge of virulence in pathogens and resistance in plants. The knowledge of gene-for-gene interaction of plant-pathogen interaction at solanaceous crop interface will also aid in the effectual deployment of resistance genes in solanaceae species in alternate forms. © 2019 Friends Science Publishers
Обзор методов распознавания человека по походке в видео А .

234 September 24–27, 2018, Tomsk, Russia The publication of the conference proceedings was supported by the RFBR, grant No. 18-07-20045\18 Обзор методов распознавания человека по походке в видео А. И. Соколова1, А. С. Конушин1,2 ale4kasokolova@gmail.com|anton.konushin@graphics.cs. msu.ru 1Национальный Исследовательский Университет Высшая Школа Экономики, Москва, Россия; 2Московский Государственный Университет им. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия Походка важный биометрический показатель, позволяющий идентифицировать человека без личного контакта. В данной работе проводится обзор современных методов распознавания человека по походке, их анализ и сравнение, а также выявляются проблемы, препятствующие окончательному решению задачи распознавания по походке. Ключевые слова: походка, биометрия, силуэт, нейронные сети, идентификация. Review of video gait recognition methods A. Sokolova1, A. Konushin1,2 ale4kasokolova@gmail.com|anton.konushin@grapics.cs. msu.ru 1National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; 2Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Human gait is an important biometrical index that allows to identify the human without any contact. In this paper, we provide a survey of state-of-the-art methods of gait recogntion, their analysis and comparison. We additionally reveal the problems that prevent the final solution of gait recognition challenge.