Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parametric Estimation and Constraint Programming-Based Planning and Simulation of Production Cost of a New Product

Currently-used decision support solutions allow decision makers to estimate the cost of developing a new product, its production, and promotion, and compare the estimated cost to the target cost. However, these solutions are inadequate for supporting simulations of identifying conditions, by which the specific cost is reached. The proposed approach provides a framework for searching for possible variants towards reaching the target production cost. This paper is concerned with a prototyping problem of product development described in terms of a constraint satisfaction problem. The proposed method uses parametric estimation to identify relationships between variables, and constraint programming to search for project completion variants within the company’s resources and project requirements. The results of an experiment indicate that constraint programming provides effective search strategies for finding admissible solutions. Consequently, the proposed approach allows decision makers to obtain alternative scenarios within the limits imposed by the production process. In this, it outperforms current methods dedicated to the support of evaluating the total cost of a new product. The declarative approach presented in this paper is used to model the production cost; however, it can be effortlessly extended to other aspects of product development (e.g., product reliability).
Nursing Warriors in Covid-19: Prevention,Precautions and Practice

Novel Coronavirus, which is usually pronounced as COVID-19 is a kind of infected disease. Signs and symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome and sometimes death. Currently, there is no definitive treatment or vaccine for COVID-19. In the unparalleled and extraordinary public health emergency in which we find nurses, across the world nurses stand at front line are the most vulnerable for infection. This comprehensive review provides the role and responsibilities of nurses in the management of patients with COVID-19, which starts from the initial assessment (screening desk), care of patients in suspect and critical unit and care of the dead body.
Human-AI Interaction in the Presence of Ambiguity: From Deliberation-based Labeling to Ambiguity-aware AI

Ambiguity, the quality of being open to more than one interpretation, permeates our lives. It comes in different forms including linguistic and visual ambiguity, arises for various reasons and gives rise to disagreements among human observers that can be hard or impossible to resolve. As artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly infused into complex domains of human decision making it is crucial that the underlying AI mechanisms also support a notion of ambiguity. Yet, existing AI approaches typically assume that there is a single correct answer for any given input, lacking mechanisms to incorporate diverse human perspectives in various parts of the AI pipeline, including data labeling, model development and user interface design. This dissertation aims to shed light on the question of how humans and AI can be effective partners in the presence of ambiguous problems. To address this question, we begin by studying group deliberation as a tool to detect and analyze ambiguous cases in data labeling. We present three case studies that investigate group deliberation in the context of different labeling tasks, data modalities and types of human labeling expertise. First, we present CrowdDeliberation, an online platform for synchronous group deliberation in novice crowd work, and show how worker deliberation affects resolvability and accuracy in text classification tasks of varying subjectivity. We then translate our findings to the expert domain of medical image classification to demonstrate how imposing additional structure on deliberation arguments can improve the efficiency of the deliberation process without compromising its reliability. Finally, we present CrowdEEG, an online platform for collaborative annotation and deliberation of medical time series data, implementing an asynchronous and highly structured deliberation process. Our findings from an observational study with 36 sleep health professionals help explain how disagreements arise and when they can be resolved through group deliberation. Beyond investigating group deliberation within data labeling, we also demonstrate how the resulting deliberation data can be used to support both human and artificial intelligence. To this end, we first present results from a controlled experiment with ten medical generalists, suggesting that reading deliberation data from medical specialists significantly improves generalists’ comprehension and diagnostic accuracy on difficult patient cases. Second, we leverage deliberation data to simulate and investigate AI assistants that not only highlight ambiguous cases, but also explain the underlying sources of ambiguity to end users in human-interpretable terms. We provide evidence suggesting that this form of ambiguity-aware AI can help end users to triage and trust AI-provided data classifications. We conclude by outlining the main contributions of this dissertation and directions for future research.
Let there be blue-depleted light: in-patient dark therapy, circadian rhythms and length of stay

SUMMARY Light is the most important environmental influence (zeitgeber) on the synchronization of the circadian system in humans. Excess light exposure during the evening and night-time affects secretion of the hormone melatonin, which in turn modifies the temporal organization of circadian rhythms, including the sleep–wake cycle. As sleep disturbances are prominent in critically ill medical and psychiatric patients, researchers began to examine the impact of light exposure on clinical outcomes and length of hospitalization. In psychiatric inpatients, exposure to bright morning light or use of blue blocking glasses have proved useful interventions for mood disorders. Recently, knowledge about light and the circadian system has been applied to the design of inpatient facilities with dynamic lighting systems that change according to time of day. The installation of ‘circadian lighting’ alongside technologies for monitoring sleep–wake patterns could prove to be one of the most practical and beneficial innovations in inpatient psychiatric care for more than half a century.
Comprehensive overview of the quality of plant‐ And animal‐sourced proteins based on the digestible indispensable amino acid score

Abstract Indispensable amino acid (IAA) composition and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of five animal‐ and 12 plant‐based proteins were used to calculate their respective Digestible Indispensable Amino Score (DIAAS) according to the three age categories defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Mean IAA content and mean SID obtained from each protein dataset were subsequently used to simulate optimal nutritional quality of protein mixtures. Datasets revealed considerable variation in DIAAS within the same protein source and among different protein sources. Among the selected protein sources, and based on the 0.5‐ to 3‐year‐old reference pattern, pork meat, casein, egg, and potato proteins are classified as excellent quality proteins with an average DIAAS above 100. Whey and soy proteins are classified as high‐quality protein with an average DIAAS ≥75. Gelatin, rapeseed, lupin, canola, corn, hemp, fava bean, oat, pea, and rice proteins are classified in the no quality claim category (DIAAS <75). Potato, soy, and pea proteins can complement a broad range of plant proteins, leading to higher DIAAS when supplied in the form of protein mixtures and at specific ratios. Such complementarity highlights the potential to achieve an optimal nutritional efficiency with plant proteins alone.
Customer Loyalty in Supply Chain Management Model: Promotion, Products, and Registration Decision Analysis

Abstract — ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) at the end of 2015 became a new chapter for Indonesia. Customer Loyalty and Supply Chain Management is the result of years of work by the authors on different projects concerning the overlapping areas of supply chains, logistics and marketing, drawing a connection between the literatures to provide a holistic picture of the customer loyalty framework. It is solely to improve the competitiveness of local human resources with foreign workers, especially from ASEAN. In line with that began to emerge places of English training or commonly called tutoring both in rural and urban areas. While the variables used are promotion and price, the decision to register as a mediating variable and customer loyalty based on supply chain management model. The analytical tool used is SEM PLS. Promotion has no positive and significant effect, but price has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty based on supply chain management model. While other findings are the decision of customers also has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty based on supply chain management model.
Quantitative Detection of Beef and Beef Meat Products Adulteration by the Addition of Duck Meat Using Micro Drop Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

A single-copy specific primer was designed based on beef and duck samples and through drop digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for the quantitative analysis. Results revealed that the primers had no specific amplification with sheep, chicken, pork, or other species. Both the relationships between meat weight and DNA weight and between DNA weight and DNA copy number (C) were nearly linear within the dynamic range. To calculate the original meat weight from the DNA copy number, the DNA weight was used as the intermediate value to establish the following formulae: Mbeef = 0.058C − 1.86; Mduck = 0.0268C − 7.78. To achieve a good quantitative analysis, all species used in the experiment were made of lean meat. The accuracy of the method was verified by artificial adulteration of different proportions. Testing of the commercial samples indicated that adulteration is present in the market. The established digital PCR method provided an effective tool for monitoring the adulterated meat products and reducing the adulteration in the market.
Mineral authigenesis within chemosynthetic microbial mats: Coated grain formation and phosphogenesis at a Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep, New Zealand

Marine hydrocarbon seeps are sites of chemosynthetic microbial activity and authigenic carbonate formation. Seep limestones are typified by a range of geochemical signatures of microbial hydrocarbon oxidation, but only few seep deposits reveal mesofabrics that can be regarded as evidence of microbial activity. A Cretaceous methane‐seep limestone from Waipiro Bay, New Zealand, exhibits a fabric composed of cryptocrystalline carbonate fluorapatite between carbonate coated grains and spheroidal calcite. To understand the unusual Waipiro deposit, a paragenetic sequence has been derived for coated grains, spheroidal calcite and carbonate fluorapatite using thin section petrography, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and stable isotope geochemistry. The formation of 13C‐depleted coated grains (δ13C values as low as −15.8‰ Vienna‐Pee Dee Belemnite) and spheroidal calcite (δ13C values as low as −21.3‰) was favoured by hydrocarbon oxidation. Fibrous banded and botryoidal cement, a typical early diagenetic phase of hydrocarbon‐seep deposits, features δ13C values as low as −22.9‰. Coated grains and spheroidal calcite grew by displacive growth in a gel‐like medium, probably a microbial mat. Phosphorus is a mobile element and marine pore waters are typically undersaturated with respect to carbonate fluorapatite. Specific conditions are consequently required to retain sufficient concentrations to precipitate carbonate fluorapatite. Possible sources of phosphorus for the formation of the 13C‐depleted Waipiro carbonate fluorapatite (mean δ13C value of −15.4‰) include (a) the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter by organoclastic sulphate reduction, (b) the degradation of the microbial mat itself and (c) the active release of polyphosphate by sulphide‐oxidizing bacteria. This study suggests that the formation of the Cretaceous Waipiro seep limestone involved an interplay of biogeochemical processes including sulphate‐driven anaerobic oxidation of methane, organoclastic sulphate reduction and possibly nitrate‐dependent sulphide oxidation. It further demonstrates that coated grains resembling oncoids are not restricted to shallow water, photosynthesis‐dependent ecosystems.
High Vapor Pressure Deficit Decreases the Productivity and Water Use Efficiency of Rain‐Induced Pulses in Semiarid Ecosystems

Intermittent rain events drive dynamic pulses of carbon and water exchange in many arid and semiarid ecosystems. Although soil moisture is known to control these pulses, the effect of atmospheric dryness on pulses is not well documented. Here we hypothesized that vapor pressure deficit (VPD) modulates net ecosystem production (NEP) and ecosystem‐scale water use efficiency (WUE) during pulse events due to its effects on canopy stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration. We quantified relationships between VPD and carbon and water exchange during growing season rain events and tested their generality across four semiarid flux sites with varied vegetation in the southwest United States. Across grassland, shrubland, and savanna sites, we found that high VPD during pulses suppressed ecosystem photosynthesis and surface conductance to a greater degree than respiration or evapotranspiration, particularly when soil moisture was high. Thus, periods of high VPD were associated with a 13–64% reduction in NEP and an 11–25% decrease in WUE, relative to moderate VPD conditions. Sites dominated by shrubs with the C3 photosynthetic pathway were more sensitive to VPD than sites dominated by C4 grasses. We found that a 1 kPa increase in VPD reduced the average NEP of pulse events by 13–56%, which illustrates the potential for projected increases in atmospheric demand to reduce the net productivity of semiarid ecosystems.
Local Tourism? Why Not! Integrating Tourism Geographic Spatial in Ngawi Regency, Indonesia

Ngawi Regency has a diversity of tourist destinations supported by the accessibility of strategic areas, but there are problems in the form of tourist visits opportunity that are still not optimal. The strategy that must be carried out is to design a tourist destination design in a strategic access corridor between the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), Solo, Ngawi, and Surabaya (Yogya-Solo-Ngawi-Surabaya) and open access to local tourism information. This strategy is also applied on the basis of the strategic accessibility of Ngawi Regency which is located between the northern coast lines that connect various tourist attractions. The purpose of this study is to map each area of ​​tourist destinations and connectivity within an integrated area, and; designing a spatial structuring model for integrated tourist destination areas in Ngawi Regency. The series is arranged in the corridor of tourist paths in Yogya-Solo-Ngawi-Surabaya. The method used in the study is a qualitative approach. Data collection is done through observation, in-depth interviews, descriptive statistical data, and documentation. The study results show that there are opportunities in the form of 9 development tourism destinations to be integrated in the Yogya-Solo-Ngawi-Surabaya tourism corridor. Integration is carried out in the tourist destination system in the districts: Karang Jati, Padas, Ngawi, Widodaren, Mantingan (Jatipangawitan). While in the spatial development policy of the Jogya-Solo-Ngawi-Surabaya corridor tourist area, components of tourism products are offered consisting of cultural attractions (3 main dances), accessibility (facilities and infrastructure), amenities (culinary, hotel, souvenirs), and activities (5 tour packages) that are developed according to the demand and dynamics of tourism in Indonesia.
The Objective Space and the Formulation of Design Requirement in Natural Laminar Flow Optimization

Design requirement is as important in aerodynamic design as in other industries because it sets up the objective for the samples in design space to approach. Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) optimization belongs to the type of aerodynamic design problems featured by the combination of distinct aerodynamic performance, where the design requirement is often formulated in form of summation of laminar-related performance and pressure drag performance with different weight assignment according to different perspectives. However, the formulations are rather experience-oriented and are decided non-quantitatively. Inspired by data manipulation approaches in design space (spanned by design variables of geometrical representation parameters) in many aerodynamic designs, this paper proposes new formulations of design requirement in NLF optimization via consideration of objective space (projection of design space through aerodynamics) and shows the impact of the corresponding formulation of design requirement to the result of NLF optimization in cases of transonic airfoil and aero engine compressor blade design from two perspectives: Pareto front convergence and improving effect of accessory performance. The paper uses Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to obtain the eigenvectors of objective space to extract the intrinsic information about specific problem. The method is realized in two cases with satisfactory result.
HORMONAL CONTROL OF PUPAL ECDYSIS IN THE TOBACCO HORNWORM

Molting in insects is a complex process that begins with apolysis, extends through the production of a new cuticle, and ends with ecdysis and the expansion and hardening of the new skin. This process is controlled by an interplay between at least 5 hormones (see Riddiford and Truman, 1978, for a review), three of which are involved in the initiation and direction of the molt. The prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) from the brain exerts a tropic influence on the prothoracic glands, driving them to release aecdysone. This steroid is then converted by peripheral tissues to the active form, 20-hydroxyecdysone, which causes apolysis and the beginning of secretion of a new cuticle by the epidermis. The type of cuticle that is secreted is regulated by the titer of the third hormone, juvenile hormone. The final phases of the molt are controlled by 2 additional hormones: the eclosion hormone triggers the behavior involved in the shedding of the old cuticle, and bursicon stimulates the postecdysial tanning of the new cuticle.
Polyphenols: Natural Antioxidants to Be Used as a Quality Tool in Wine Authenticity

Polyphenols are a diverse group of compounds possessing various health-promoting properties that are of utmost importance for many wine sensory attributes. Apart from genetic and environmental parameters, the implementation of specific oenological practices as well as the subsequent storage conditions deeply affect the content and nature of the polyphenols present in wine. However, polyphenols are effectively employed in authenticity studies. Provision of authentic wines to the market has always been a prerequisite meaning that the declarations on the wine label should mirror the composition and provenance of this intriguing product. Nonetheless, multiple cases of intentional or unintentional wine mislabeling have been recorded alarming wine consumers who demand for strict controls safeguarding wine authenticity. The emergence of novel platforms employing instrumentation of exceptional selectivity and sensitivity along with the use of advanced chemometrics such as NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance)- and MS (mass spectrometry)-based metabolomics is considered as a powerful asset towards wine authentication.
Anthropogenic Impacts on Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide Since the 19th Century Inferred From Polar Firn Air and Ice Core Measurements

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) was measured in firn air collected during seven different field campaigns carried out at four different sites in Greenland and Antarctica between 2001 and 2015. A Bayesian probabilistic statistical model is used to conduct multisite inversions and to reconstruct separate atmospheric histories for Greenland and Antarctica. The firn air inversions cover most of the 20th century over Greenland and extend back to the 19th century over Antarctica. The derived atmospheric histories are consistent with independent surface air time series data from the corresponding sites and the Antarctic ice core COS records during periods of overlap. Atmospheric COS levels began to increase over preindustrial levels starting in the 19th century, and the increase continued for much of the 20th century. Atmospheric COS peaked at higher than present‐day levels around 1975 CE over Greenland and around 1987 CE over Antarctica. An atmosphere/surface ocean box model is used to investigate the possible causes of observed variability. The results suggest that changes in the magnitude and location of anthropogenic sources have had a strong influence on the observed atmospheric COS variability.
Numerical modeling of the interaction between reinforcement and concrete at early age—A comparison between glass fiber reinforced polymer and steel rebars

This study has been undertaken for the assessment of steel/glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete mechanical behavior at an early stage. We developed a numerical model to describe the hydration process by using a chemo‐thermo‐mechanical scheme in ABAQUS finite element software. Mechanical properties of early age concrete versus hydration degree were determined using De Shutter's laws. The thermal and the autogenous strains are numerically implanted. Mazars elastic model was used to describe the concrete cracking. In addition, experimental validation of the established numerical model was performed and compared to the available literature. These data are selected for both plain and steel reinforced early age high‐strength concrete (HSC). Moreover, two mechanical boundary conditions were taken into account in accordance with the numerical simulations. Thermal conditions were considered in isothermal (20°C) and semiadiabatic conditions. Steel rebars were substituted by the GFRP under the same reinforcement percentages and configurations. The Interface between the steel and the GFRP reinforcement, and HSC was considered a perfect surface condition. Numerical predictions of the GFRP reinforcement were compared to those of steel reinforcement. Our results prove that the GFRP rebars restrain the concrete strains more than steel rebars. The GFRP rebar postpones concrete cracking compared to steel reinforcements. Furthermore, the concrete stress in the GFRP reinforced element is lower than the concrete stress in the RC steel.