Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Friedman's Monetary Theory

Friedman's many contributions to monetary theory did much to renew interest in monetary theory and policy. Heretofore, there has been no statement of the underlying theory that guides his work and generates policy implications. Two recent papers attempt to fill the gap. We have four main criticisms of Friedman's theory. We regard as most important that the theories do not generate principal monetarist conclusions about the role of money and the variability of monetary policy. Friedman's static frameworks leave the relative potency of fiscal and monetary policies dependent on the slopes of the IS and LM curve. This is unsatisfactory.
Multistage interaction of a shock wave and a strong vortex

The interaction between a shock wave and a strong vortex is simulated systematically through solving the two-dimensional, unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations using a fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory finite difference scheme. Our main purpose in this study is to characterize the flow structure and the generation of sound waves of the shock–strong vortex interaction. The simulations show that the interaction of a shock wave and a strong vortex has a multistage feature. It contains the interaction of the shock wave and the initial vortex, of the reflected shock wave and the deformed vortex and of the shocklets and the deformed vortex. The shocklets are generated by the secondary interaction. Due to the complex reflected shock structure, there exist interactions between the reflected shock waves and the sound waves. Many pressure waves are embedded in the second and third sound waves.
Interactive Data Visualization: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications

This book provides the theory, practical details, and tools necessary for building visualizations or systems involving the visualization of data. The authors cover the spectrum of data visualizations, including mathematical and statistical graphs, cartography for displaying geographic information, two- and three-dimensional scientific displays, integrated analysis and visualization tools, and general information visualization techniques. Practitioners, developers, teachers and students as well as those interested in gaining some exposure to the field will get an in-depth understanding of visualization techniques and are provided with sufficient information, often with full source code, to complete an implementation; those with more modest aspirations can focus on the concepts, theory and high-level algorithm details.
A pattern language for web usability

What do you do to start reading pattern language for web usability? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this pattern language for web usability.
The Effectiveness of Law Enforcement on Child Protection for Cybercrime Victims in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of law enforcement on the protection of children victims of cybercrime in Indonesia. The method used is empirical legal research, which examines the law on social phenomena. The collecting data were from primary and secondary data. The primary data was based on the related institutions in handling child victims of cybercrime, and secondary data were collected through questionnaires administered to 4 (Four) selected Provinces samples. The results showed that the form of cybercrime experienced by the child as a victim dramatically increases every year and still seems to be weak in law enforcement. Public response to law enforcement from the aspects of law Substance, law enforcement, infrastructure facilities, inter-agency coordination is ineffective, and public responses to the handling of victims of cybercrime must be quickly addressed. This is a form of state responsibility for the protection of children victims of cybercrime. Thus, children can live and grow up to avoid the crimes that occur through the cyber development.
What are the critical success factors for the implementation of supply chain performance measurement systems in SMEs

In an attempt to cope with an economic environment that doesn't seem to slow its development and while under the pressure of being more competitive, every company takes in a new strategy enabling it to be in better conditions in its business sector. Research has shown that performance measurement systems, especially those deriving from the mission of the supply chain and the process of strategic planning, have a key role in the development of the companies' management and performance. There is a growing literature concerned with the design and the implementation of supply chain performance measurement (SCPMS) systems and plenty of them mention the difficulties of their implementation especially in SMEs. Using a critical success factor (CSF) approach and based on the analysis of the existing literature, we investigate this crucial issue in-depth and we put forward and define CSFs that are crucial for implementing SCPM systems in SMEs throughout this article. The empirical investigation is still ongoing and it will be carried out by using critical thinking, inductive reasoning and in-depth interviews in Moroccan small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
Glaucoma and Alzheimer Disease: Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases with Shared Mechanisms?

Emerging evidence suggests that glaucoma and Alzheimer disease (AD), both age-related neurodegenerative diseases, may share common features and mechanisms. Clinically, support for this association is found in studies showing an increased prevalence of glaucoma among AD patients. However, other studies, including population-based epidemiologic investigations, did not show an increased rate of AD or dementia in patients with glaucoma. Although there is growing interest in a possible relationship between glaucoma and AD, the specific mechanisms that may be common among both diseases are still being examined. It has been demonstrated that optic nerves from AD patients have loss of retinal ganglion cells, as in glaucoma. Furthermore, key processes in AD, including caspase activation, abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein, and amyloid beta deposition, have been implicated in rodent models of glaucoma. Understanding these pathological processes may shed light on new potential therapies to treat this irreversible and blinding disease.
[Determination of tetramethylpyrazine in animal serum and cerebrospinal fluid by high performance liquid chromatography].

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of the tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) in Chuanxiong extract, the animal(mouse) serum and cerebrospinal fluid has been developed. The TMP was separated on an ODS column Zorbax SB-C18(4.6 mm i.d. x 250 mm, 5 microns) at room temperature and detected by using UV detector at 270 nm. The mobile phase was methanol-water (50:50, V/V) containing 0.2 mmol/L of NH4H2PO4 flowing at a rate of 0.8 mL/min and 20 microL samples were injected. The detection limit of TMP was 1 mg/L and the calibration curve is linear between 5 and 500 mg/L with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999. The recovery of TMP ranged 98%-103%. The extract of Chuanxiong and pretreated serum and cerebrospinal fluid sample are stable for a week at room temperature.
Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound in Carotid Interventions

Purpose: To report early clinical experience with virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH IVUS) in carotid endoluminal repair. Technique: A 2.9-F, 20-MHz catheter that utilizes computer software to demonstrate the histological components of arteriosclerotic plaque was evaluated during carotid angioplasty and stenting. VH IVUS images were created following a pullback through the carotid stenosis and produced a color-coded map of the different histological constituents of the disease (dark green: fibrous, yellow/green: fibrofatty, white: calcified, and red: necrotic lipid core plaque). Conclusion: VH IVUS produces a color-coded map of the different histological components of artery plaque. It has the potential to predict how the plaque is likely to behave at the moment of endoluminal treatment.
Factors Affecting Buyers' Trust in Electronic Commerce in Palestine

Electronic commerce is relatively a new concept in developing countries like Palestine. This paper aims to determine the potential factors affecting buyers' trust in e-commerce through conducting a quantitative approach research. Five potential factors were considered including website design attitudes, reliability fulfillment, security and privacy attitudes, customer satisfaction fulfillment and perception of governmental factors. The study population was the Palestinian employees in public and private sector. Data was collected through paper and electronic forms of the research questionnaire, 358 questionnaire were valid for analysis. The findings revealed that security/privacy attitudes, customer satisfaction fulfillment, and perception of governmental factors had significant influence on trusting e-commerce. A main regression model was built as well as three regression models for trust' sub factors integrity, benevolence and ability. These findings are useful for practitioners who plan to enter the ecommerce environment, and researchers interested in trust in e-commerce as well. Some recommendations were suggested to the official authorities, as well as to the owners of electronic shops or those who maintain them, thus increasing the level of trust among buyers in Palestine.
Acquisition automatique de sens pour la désambiguïsation et la sélection lexicale en traduction

Le travail presente dans cette these explore la question de l'acquisition automatique de sens pour la desambiguisation lexicale dans un cadre de traduction. Partant de l'hypothese du besoin de conformite des inventaires semantiques utilises pour la desambiguisation dans le cadre d'applications precises, la problematique du reperage des sens se situe dans un cadre bilingue et le traitement s'oriente vers la traduction. Nous proposons une methode d'acquisition de sens permettant d'etablir des correspondances semantiques de granularite variable entre les mots de deux langues en relation de traduction. L'induction de sens est effectuee par une combinaison d'informations distributionnelles et traductionnelles extraites d'un corpus bilingue parallele. La methode proposee etant a la fois non supervisee et entierement fondee sur des donnees, elle est, par consequent, independante de la langue et permet l'elaboration d'inventaires semantiques relatifs aux domaines representes dans les corpus traites. Les resultats de cette methode sont exploites par une methode de desambiguisation lexicale, qui attribue un sens a de nouvelles instances de mots ambigus en contexte, et par une methode de selection lexicale, qui propose leur traduction la plus adequate. On propose finalement une evaluation ponderee des resultats de desambiguisation et de selection lexicale, en nous fondant sur l'inventaire construit par la methode d'acquisition de sens.
Congestion management methodologies: iberian electricity transmission grid

In the context of European electricity market liberalization, each producer and consumer aims at no trade restrictions. Power flows become higher and more dynamic while significant increase in congestion arises. In the past, the localization of generation was very stable, so the physical flows were easier to predict, the amount of electric changes was lower and the physical flows forecast uncertainty was smaller than the remaining transfer capacity. Nowadays, power flows nature has undergone major changes due to the increase of short term trading of electricity but also due to the increase of distributed generation. In this work, two of the main methods for resolving transmission grid interconnection congestions are investigated, regarding the operational planning phase: cross-border coordinated redispatching and market splitting. The study is then particularized to the future Iberian electricity market by means of system real data, i.e., real Iberian network topology and generation bids
Letter: Is it VOT or a first-formant transition detector?

Discussion of voicing as a distinctive property of English stop consonants in initial position has centered on the measure of ’’VOT,’’ the time of onset of laryngeal signal relative to the noise pulse generated by the stop release, but it has been shown that listeners’ selection of ‖b,d,g‖ vs ‖p,t,k‖ responses to synthetic stop+vowel stimuli is not determined entirely by VOT. Significant effects have been reported to depend on the behavior of the first formant (F1) frequency immediately following voice onset, and on this basis it has been suggested that a ’’feature detector’’ responsive to a rapidly shifting F1 better explains the infant’s discrimination of the two stop categories than some mechanism which measures VOT directly. The relative importance of VOT as against the presence versus absence of F1 frequency shift after voice onset is assayed in several synthesis experiments in which VOT and F1 configurations are systematically varied. Labeling data obtained indicate that varying VOT regularly effect.
The Effect of Halal-Labelled Food Awareness Towards Purchase Intention Among Urban Muslims (Study of Indonesian Students in Japan)

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of halal-labeled food awareness towards purchase intention of Indonesian Muslim student in japan. Survey data obtained from 101 Indonesian students from all over Japan and was analyzed with descriptive and verification methods, whereas SMART-PLS was utilized for hypothesis testing. In this research, halal-labelled food purchase intention variable was derived from Alam & Sayuti (2011) and Bone et al (2007). The result showed that all of halal-labelled food awareness influence Indonesian Muslim student purchase intention, with perception toward halal certification variable was the most significant factors for halal-labelled food awareness and perceive behavioral control as the most significant factor which influence halal-labeled food purchase intention. The limitation in this researched is the data was obtained through online questionnaire and using snowball sampling method, this method may cause bias since author was unable to control the spreading of the questionnaire and people who did not meet the criteria to fill the questionnaire may filled it. Keywords: Halal awareness, halal-food , Islamic marketing, Japan, purchase intention.
Urinary sodium excretion, dietary sources of sodium intake and knowledge and practices around salt use in a group of healthy Australian women

Objective: Strategies that aim to facilitate reduction of the salt content of foods in Australia are hampered by sparse and outdated data on habitual salt intakes. This study assessed habitual sodium intake through urinary excretion analyses, and identified food sources of dietary sodium, as well as knowledge and practices related to salt use in healthy women.
Cool laser optics treatment of large telangiectasia of the lower extremities.

BACKGROUND Lower extremity telangiectases have been traditionally treated using sclerotherapy. However, because of significant side effects from sclerotherapy, laser treatments have been investigated. Results from laser treatments have been generally unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE This study was based on the premise that simultaneous cooling and lasing would permit more effective treatment. METHODS Thirty lower extremity telangiectases on 13 patients were treated by a technique of simultaneous cooling and lasing. Argon (488/514 nm) and argon dye (577 nm, 585 nm) laser light were delivered through a new cooling device to telangiectatic vessels of approximately 1-mm diameter on the thigh and leg. Pulsed and continuous beam treatments were utilized at high levels of irradiance. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of treated sites were improved; half of these were completely or nearly completely cleared. There were no complications. In only 2 of 30 (7%) treated sites were there persistent pigmentary changes. CONCLUSION These results compare favorably with other methods for treatment of lower extremity telangiectases. Successful treatment of large lower extremity telangiectases by simultaneous cooling and lasing with minimal side effects suggests a reduction of thermal injury to nonvascular tissue while allowing destruction of ectatic vasculature.
Critical raw materials and the circular economy

This report is a background document used by several European Commission services to prepare the EC report on critical raw materials and the circular economy, a commitment of the European Commission made in its Communication ‘EU action plan for the Circular Economy'. It represents a JRC contribution to the Raw Material Initiative and to the EU Circular Economy Action Plan. It combines the results of several research programmes and activities of the JRC on critical raw materials in a context of circular economy, for which a large team has contributed in terms of data and knowledge developments. Circular use of critical raw materials in the EU is analysed, also taking a sectorial perspective. The following sectors are analysed in more detail: extractive waste, landfills, electric and electronic equipment, batteries, automotive, renewable energy, defence and chemicals and fertilisers. Conclusions and opportunities for further work are also presented.
Using Computing in Quality Team Meetings: Initial Observations from the IRS-Minnesota Project

Abstract:Quality improvement programs are regarded by many businesses as mechanisms for improving organizational competitiveness in the face of tightening budgets and more global market structures. Recently developed computer-supported group problem-solving tools, or Group Decision Support Systems (GDSSs), offer the potential to reduce the effort involved in applying quality improvement methods by providing automated means to enter, record, and operate on ideas generated by team members during face-to-face meetings. To explore how GDSSs might be used by quality teams, the Internal Revenue Service and the University of Minnesota conducted a multiyear study of GDSS use in small-group meetings. This paper presents some initial findings on the extent and types of uses of the technology made by teams based on the first seven months of our study. This preliminary analysis is presented within the framework of adaptive structuration theory and considers the relationship among inputs, processes, and outputs of gro.
Uniltaeral, Anticompetitive Acquisitions of Dominance or Monopoly Power

The prohibition of certain types of anticompetitive unilateral conduct by firms possessing a substantial degree of market power is a cornerstone of competition law regimes worldwide. Yet notwithstanding the social costs of monopoly modern legal regimes refrain from prohibiting it outright. Instead, competition laws prohibit monopolies or dominant firms from engaging in those types of anticompetitive conduct that amount to "monopolizing" or an "abuse of dominant position. " Importantly, anticompetitive conduct can take place both on the road to monopoly and, later on, once substantial market power has been achieved. Legal regimes nevertheless tend either to ignore or pay only limited attention to the unilateral conduct of firms lacking substantial market power. This Article argues, however, that such conduct merits legal attention where it led or would lead if unstopped to the acquisition of substantial market power. Specifically, competition law regimes that fail to incorporate an appropriately-designed unilateral conduct liability in this area are unable to address some increasingly important classes of potentially harmful unilateral practices, such as those that concern cheap exclusion, multi-product (but not necessarily dominant) firms, network tipping effects, and more. This failure, moreover, may lead to distortions in other areas of unilateral conduct policy in these regimes that seek to compensate for the absence of any liability for the conduct of non-dominant firms. The analysis concludes by drawing together the lessons from the critical evaluation of the EU and the U.S. approaches for the appropriate design of unilateral conduct regimes worldwide.
Scotopic Illumination Enhances Entrainment of Circadian Rhythms to Lengthening Light:Dark Cycles

Endogenously generated circadian rhythms are synchronized with the environment through phase-resetting actions of light. Starlight and dim moonlight are of insufficient intensity to reset the phase of the clock directly, but recent studies have indicated that dim nocturnal illumination may otherwise substantially alter entrainment to bright lighting regimes. In this article, the authors demonstrate that, compared to total darkness, dim illumination at night (< 0.010 lux) alters the entrainment of male Syrian hamsters to bright-light T cycles, gradually increasing in cycle length (T) from 24 h to 30 h. Only 1 of 18 hamsters exposed to complete darkness at night entrained to cycles of T > 26 h. In the presence of dim nocturnal illumination, however, a majority of hamsters entrained to Ts of 28 h or longer. The presence or absence of a running wheel had only minor effects on entrainment to lengthening light cycles. The results further establish the potent effects of scotopic illumination on circadian entrainment and suggest that naturalistic ambient lighting at night may enhance the plasticity of the circadian pacemaker.
Membrane activity of the phospholipase C-δ1 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

PH-PLCδ1 [the PH domain (pleckstrin homology domain) of PLCδ1 (phospholipase C-δ1)] is among the best-characterized phosphoinositide-binding domains. PH-PLCδ1 binds with high specificity to the headgroup of PtdIns(4,5)P2, but little is known about its interfacial properties. In the present study, we show that PH-PLCδ1 is also membrane-active and can insert significantly into PtdIns(4,5)P2-containing monolayers at physiological (bilayer-equivalent) surface pressures. However, this membrane activity appears to involve interactions distinct from those that target PH-PLCδ1 to the PtdIns(4,5)P2 headgroup. Whereas the majority of PtdIns(4,5)P2-bound PH-PLCδ1 can be displaced by adding excess of soluble headgroup [Ins(1,4,5)P3], membrane activity of PH-PLCδ1 cannot. PH-PLCδ1 differs from other phosphoinositide-binding domains in that its membrane insertion does not require that the phosphoinositide-binding site be occupied. Significant monolayer insertion remains when the phosphoinositide-binding site is mutated, and PH-PLCδ1 can insert into monolayers that contain no PtdIns(4,5)P2 at all. Our results suggest a model in which reversible membrane binding of PH-PLCδ1, mediated by PtdIns(4,5)P2 or other acidic phospholipids, occurs without membrane insertion. Accumulation of the PH domain at the membrane surface enhances the efficiency of insertion, but does not significantly affect its extent, whereas the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol in the lipid mixture promotes the extent of insertion. This is the first report of membrane activity in an isolated PH domain and has implications for understanding the membrane targeting by this common type of domain.