Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Versatile macrolide-responsive mammalian expression vectors for multiregulated multigene metabolic engineering.

The novel macrolide-inducible and -repressible mammalian gene regulation systems (E.REX) have been cloned into a variety of sophisticated expression configurations including (1) multi-purpose expression vectors, (2) pTRIDENT-based artificial operons, (3) dual-regulated expression strategies for independent control of two different transgenes, (4) autoregulated vectors for one-step installation of adjustable multigene expression, and (5) oncoretroviral and lentiviral plasmids for transduction of macrolide-, streptogramin- and tetracycline-dependent transactivators and production of cell lines supporting independent control of three different transgenes. This vector portfolio represents a construction kit-like toolbox for efficient installation of adjustable gene expression responsive to clinically licensed antibiotics and enables the design of multiregulated multigene metabolic engineering strategies required for biopharmaceutical manufacturing, gene therapy, and tissue engineering.
Rural-Urban Inequality in China

share of income inequality.1 In part, today’s rural–urban gap reflects the institutional legacies of socialism. Beginning in the 1950s, Communist Party leaders clearly separated urban and rural residents through a strictly enforced residential permit (hukou) system (see chapter 3), establishing urban and industrial development as the main objective of economic planning. Urban workers were provided with an “iron rice bowl” of lifetime employment, as well as health care, housing, and pension benefits. Rural residents were organized into collectives, in which access to basic health care and education was substantially improved. However, in order to subsidize rapid industrialization, the planning system set prices and directed investments in a manner that discriminated against agriculture and rural areas, leading to sharp differences in the living standards of urban and rural residents. C H A P T E R 2
The interaction of reduced pyridine-aldehyde adenine dinucleotide with cytochrome b-5 reductase.

The proposed mechanism for the oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides by cytochrome bj reductase (1, 2) (EC 1.6.2.2, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-cytochrome b5 reductase) is based largely on the characteristics of nucleotide interactions with this flavoprotein and the apoenzyme. The formation of a stable complex of NAD, or any one of several analogues of this nucleotide, with reduced cytochrome bs reductase (3,4) permitted the identification of one of the intermediates in reactions catalyzed by this enzyme (3-6). The marked enhancement and shift in fluorescence spectra of NADH and its 3-acetylpyridine analogue that occur when they are bound to the aporeductase (1) may also represent direct evidence for the formation of another intermediate in the enzyme reaction, the initial enzyme-substrate complex, if the flavin in the holoenzyme does not alter this initial interaction appreciably. More recently, indirect evidence that a second stable pyridine nucleotideenzyme complex, presumably formed before the reduced flavoprotein-NAD complex, is involved in the over-all enzyme reaction was obtained in experiments which demonstrated that a direct hydrogen transfer from reduced pyridine nucleotides to the flavoprotein is the rate-limiting step during rapid turnover of the enzyme (2), and that during such reactions the essential sulfhydryl group on the enzyme is protected from p-mercuribenzoate’ (1, 2). The experiments described here, in which the characteristics of the reactions of the pyridinealdehyde analogue of NADH with cytochrome b5 reductase were examined, provide direct evidence that the formation of a stable complex of PyAlADH2 and oxidized flavoprotein precedes the intramolecular electron and direct hydrogen transfer (2, 6), presumably to the flavin. In these studies, the slow reaction rates of PyAlADH and PyAlADH(DJ3 with the reductase were utilized to follow the details of these reactions by spectral, fluorescence, and kinetic
How Creative Professional Service Firms Internationalize: a business model portfolio approach

Traditional theory of firm internationalization assumes all firms are homogenous in their approach to managing uncertainties and implementing business strategies when internationalizing. A business model portfolio approach articulates a more complex process and suggests that firms adopt a portfolio of business models to balance uncertainties. Combining these two perspectives, this multiple case study research design explores how creative professional service firms (creative PSFs) internationalize. Creative PSFs such as architects are embedded in their local cultures, operating at the intersection of business and art. Our study reveals the complexities of creative PSF internationalization, showing that in contrast to existing explanations, multiple combinations of business models are adopted to manage uncertainty. We use these novel insights to develop a business model portfolio approach to understanding the internationalization process. This research paper brings relevant and important contributions to both the international business and business model literature.
Average-Case Analysis for Special Cases of Online Bahncard Problem

The special Bahncard problem is a generalization of the Ski-Rental problem. In this paper, average-case competitive analysis which integrates probability distribution into pure competitive analysis is employed to restudy this problem. Theoretical and numerical results show that the performance measure of competitive analysis can be dramatically improved. Moreover, we study the special Bahncard problem with interest rate which should be considered in any reasonable financial model. The optimal deterministic competitive ratio is obtained and the competitive ratio C(k) decreases with the interest rate i.
A STUDY ON CREDIT CARD DECEPTION EXPOSURE METHODS

Credit card deception is a term used when someone credit card is used by some unauthorized person to buy supplies or services. Use of credit cards for online purchases has considerably improved due to the increase and quick growth of E-Commerce and it caused a sudden increase in the credit card deception. Credit card deception is a wide-ranging term for robbery and deception committed using a credit card as a fake source of funds in a given transaction. The credit card holder regularly has trouble reasserting control over the card, because generally they don't find out instantly, and the owner must distinguish genuine purchases from illegal in a reliable manner. Cases of deception associated with it are also growing as credit card and becomes the majority popular mode of payment for both online as well as regular purchase. Deceptive connections are scattered with authentic connections and simple pattern matching techniques are not often adequate to distinguish the deceptions exactly in real life. In order to reduce the bank losses, execution of proficient deception discovery methods has thus become important for all credit card issuing banks. Various recent methods based on Artificial Intelligence have developed in determining a variety of credit card deceiving transactions. A variety of techniques are used in credit card deception discovery mechanisms which are evaluated by each methodology based on certain design criteria.
Design and Evaluation of System-Level Checks for On-Line Control Flow Error Detection

This paper evaluates the concurrent error detection capabilities of system-level checks, using fault and error injection. The checks comprise application and system level mechanisms to detect control flow errors. We propose Enhanced Control-Flow Checking Using Assertions (ECCA). In ECCA, branch-free intervals (BFI) in a given high or intermediate level program are identified and the entry and exit points of the intervals are determined. BFls are then grouped into blocks, the size of which is determined through a performance/overhead analysis. The blocks are then fortified with preinserted assertions. For the high level ECCA, we describe an implementation of ECCA through a preprocessor that will automatically insert the necessary assertions into the program. Then, we describe the intermediate implementation possible through modifications made on gee to make it ECCA capable. The fault detection capabilities of the checks are evaluated both analytically and experimentally. Fault injection experiments are conducted using FERRARI to determine the fault coverage of the proposed techniques.
Online current and vibration signal monitoring based fault detection of bowed rotor induction motor

Regular condition monitoring of rotating machines using advanced spectrum analysis reduces the unexpected breakdown and excessive maintenance of the machines. If the irregularities are not identified in the early stage, the reliable operation of the machines are affected which may become catastrophic to the operation of the rotating machines. Therefore, this paper presents an online condition monitoring based fault detection of induction motor (IM). Characteristic features of motor current and vibration signals are analyzed in time domain as a fault diagnosis technique which is a key parameter to the fault threshold. Motor current and vibration signals are analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Hilbert Transform (HT) to detect the severity of the fault and its possible location under different load conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed FFT and HT based analysis to predict the fault is verified using experimental data and its rate of success under different load conditions is also recorded. It is found that the HT can more precisely identify the fault using vibration signal as compared to the conventional FFT method. The magnitudes of the spectral components are extracted for the pattern reorganization of the fault. Spectrum analysis techniques are used under normal and bowed rotor condition to a 3-phase, 2 pole, 1/3 hp, 60 Hz, 2950 rpm IM drive.
Pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents: an update.

OBJECTIVE To review the options for acute and maintenance pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, including the treatment of bipolar depression and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Narrative review of randomized clinical trials and open-label studies published from 2000 to 2012. The PubMed and PsycINFO websites were queried. Case series were included when a higher level of evidence was not available. RESULTS Published data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in acute mania/hypomania with significant responses are available for lithium, topiramate, risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole. Open trials of lithium and lamotrigine show that these drugs may be effective in the treatment of depressive episodes. No trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been conducted. In the treatment of comorbid ADHD, there are encouraging findings with mixed amphetamine salts and atomoxetine; conflicting results are observed with methylphenidate. CONCLUSIONS Published RCTs of traditional mood stabilizers are scarce, but the best available evidence (results from meta-analytic regression) suggests that second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as a group are more effective in reducing manic symptoms. Risperidone was the only one included in head-to-head comparisons (vs. lithium and divalproex), showing superiority in terms of efficacy, but with more metabolic side effects, which were also more common in most of the SGAs. There are few studies addressing the treatment of ADHD and depression. Brazilian guidelines for the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder should also include some SGAs (especially risperidone and aripiprazole) as first-line treatment, and these drugs should be provided by the public health services.
Evaluating the Interpersonal Content of the MMPI–2–RF Interpersonal Scales

Convergence between the MMPI–2 Restructured Form (MMPI–2–RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) interpersonal scales and 2 interpersonal circumplex (IPC) measures was examined. University students (N = 405) completed the MMPI–2 and 2 IPC measures, the Interpersonal Adjectives Scales Revised Big Five Version (IASR–B5; Trapnell & Wiggins, 1990) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex (IIP–C; Horowitz, Alden, Wiggins, & Pincus, 2000). Internal consistency was adequate for 3 of the 6 scales investigated. The majority of scales were located in their hypothesized locations, although magnitude of correlations was somewhat weaker than anticipated, partly owing to restricted range from using a healthy sample. The expected pattern of correlations that defines a circular matrix was demonstrated, lending support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the MMPI–2–RF interpersonal scales with respect to the assessment of interpersonal traits and problems.
Assessing Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in the Elderly Veterans Affairs Population Using the HEDIS 2006 Quality Measure

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that 20% to 25% of older patients receive drugs identified as inappropriate by the 1997 Beers criteria. After the addition of 22 new drugs to the 2003 Beers criteria, the National Committee on Quality Assurance convened an expert consensus panel to identify which drugs from the 2003 Beers criteria should always be avoided in the elderly. The resulting list of drugs to avoid was added to the 2006 Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) to measure the quality of prescribing for the elderly. OBJECTIVES: To use HEDIS 2006 criteria to determine the rate of potentially inappropriate prescribing in the elderly (PIPE) and to determine if patient risk factors are similar to those found using Beers criteria. METHODS: This cross-sectional database study identified older patients receiving drugs included in the HEDIS 2006 criteria using national data from the Veterans Health Administration. Patients aged 65 years or older on October 1, 1999, with at least 2 outpatient visit days during fiscal year 2000, ending September 30, or outpatient visits in fiscal years 1999 and 2000 were included (N=1,096,361). Multivariable logistic regression analyses stratified by gender identified patient characteristics associated with increased risk of HEDIS 2006 drug exposure. Since oral estrogens were considered appropriate at the time of this study, they were excluded from the list of HEDIS 2006 drugs. RESULTS: Overall, 19.6% of older veterans were exposed to HEDIS 2006 drugs 23.3% of older veteran women and 19.2% of older veteran men. The most commonly prescribed HEDIS 2006 drugs were antihistamines (received by 9.0% of men and 10.7% of women), opioid analgesics (received by 4.6% of men and 5.8% of women), and skeletal muscle relaxants (received by 4.3% of men and 5.3% of women). Propoxyphene was the most commonly used HEDIS 2006 drug, received by 4.5% of men and 5.7% of women, followed by diphenhydramine, received by 3.5% of men and 4.7% of women, and hydroxyzine, received by 3.2% of both men and women. Patients receiving 10 or more medications of any type were at greatest risk of exposure. Men were 8.2 times more likely to receive at least 1 HEDIS 2006 drug than those taking 1 to 3 drugs of any type (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0-8.4), while women were 9.6 times more likely (95% CI, 8.2-11.2). CONCLUSIONS: Even though we included a slightly different list of drugs to avoid, results for the HEDIS 2006 measure were similar to those of the 1997 Beers criteria. The HEDIS 2006 drugs are commonly prescribed, and there is a distinct need for direct evidence linking HEDIS 2006 PIPE exposure to adverse patient outcomes. To reduce PIPE, it seems necessary to provide additional evidence for clinicians through the conducting of a well-designed study to assess patient outcomes associated with PIPE exposure as defined by the HEDIS criteria.
Positron Emission Tomography Study of Regional Cerebral Metabolism in Humans during Isoflurane Anesthesia

Background Although the anesthetic effects of the intravenous anesthetic agent propofol have been studied in the living human brain using brain imaging technology, the nature of the anesthetic state evident in the human brain during inhalational anesthesia remains unknown. To examine this issue, the authors studied the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on human cerebral glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Five volunteers each underwent two PET scans; one scan assessed awake‐baseline metabolism and the other scan assessed metabolism during isoflurane anesthesia titrated to the point of unresponsiveness (means +/‐ SD; expired = 0.5 +/‐ 0.1%). Scans were obtained with a GE2048 scanner (4.5‐mm resolution‐FWHM) using the18 fluorodeoxyglucose technique. Results Awake whole‐brain glucose metabolism averaged 6.9 +/‐ 1.5 mg [center dot] 100 g sup ‐1 [center dot] min sup ‐1 (means +/‐ SD). Isoflurane reduced whole‐brain metabolism 46 +/‐ 11% to 3.6 +/‐ 0.3 mg [center dot] 100 g sup ‐1 [center dot] min sup ‐1 (P less or equal to 0.005). Regional metabolism decreased fairly uniformly throughout the brain, and no evidence of any regional metabolic increases were found in any brain region for any participant. A region‐of‐interest analysis showed that the pattern of regional metabolism evident during isoflurane anesthesia was not significantly different from that seen when participants were awake. Conclusion These data clarify that the anesthetic state evident in the living human brain during unresponsiveness induced with isoflurane is associated with a global, fairly uniform, whole‐brain glucose metabolic reduction of 46 +/‐ 11%.
Service Offshoring and Productivity: Evidence from the United States

The practice of sourcing service inputs from overseas suppliers has been growing in response to new technologies that have made it possible to trade in some business and computing services that were previously considered non-tradable. This paper estimates the effects of offshoring on productivity in US manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2000. It finds that service offshoring has a significant positive effect on productivity in the US, accounting for around 10 percent of labor productivity growth during this period. Offshoring material inputs also has a positive effect on productivity, but the magnitude is smaller accounting for approximately 5 percent of productivity growth.
Upaya peningkatan strategi marketing mix pangan berbasis bahan lokal melalui analisis sikap konsumen dengan model fishbein di Surabaya

This research aims to setting a contribution a thought of an exertion that should be implemented in marketing mix strategy to local material food which is discovered through an empirical research toward consumer attitude analysis by Fishbein model. The method of the research is survey, namely research which is taking population sample and setting question as an instrument of collecting the main data. The result of the research shows that: (1) by Fishbein model analysis, consumers in Surabaya appear simultaneous attitudes to the local material food that are not-agree with or not trust in package, quality, and taste to local material food especially in market Surabaya. (2) Partially consumer attitude to local material food in Surabaya by Fishbein analysis shows varies character, namely neutral, quite disagree, and disagree. (3) The efforts of marketing mix strategy of local material food in Surabaya are product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy, and promotion strategy. Critics of this research are (1) it is necessary to set up an advanced research based on the result of the research, for example, trying to set up a research of subject more specific. (2) It is necessary to recite the research in respect to other sciences, for example, how to follow up the discovered statement that an additional foodstuff must be in fair condition.
An epizoological study of wastage in thoroughbred racehorses in Gauteng, South Africa.

Wastage is the term used to describe the phenomenon of the loss of racehorses from conception to adulthood due to death or injuries (i.e. they never reach a race-track), or the days lost by racehorses due to not training or being withdrawn from a race. This epizoological study was conducted to investigate wastage in Thoroughbred horses used for flat racing in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Data from 6 racing stables were recorded from 1 March 1993 to 28 February 1994. Each trainer completed a daily training record of the horses in his stable. This questionnaire included reasons why a horse failed to train on a specific day, or was withdrawn from a race. During the year, 8480 days (8.1%) of the 105,108 total potential training days were lost by horses in the stables investigated. Of the days lost, 72.1% were due to lameness, 8.6% to respiratory problems, and 19.3% to other causes. The lost training days for the individual trainers ranged from 5.4 to 12.6%. Of the 579 horses included in the study, 291 horses (50.3%) lost one or more training days; 541 problems resulting in wastage were found in these 291 horses; 263 (48.6%) cases were due to lameness and 49 (9.0%) were caused by coughing. The balance were caused by poor weather conditions (11.3%), vaccinations (7.2%), wounds (4.6%), abnormal haematology results (1.8%), inappetence (2.2%), nasal discharge (2.0%), epistaxis (1.8%), babesiosis (1.8%), miscellaneous other conditions (7.9%) and unknown causes (1.8%). An attempt was made to continue the study for a 2nd year but too few questionnaires were returned. However, it was evident that the percentage of lost training days (8.2%) was similar to that of the previous year. The training days lost due to lameness (66.9%) and respiratory problems (8.4%) were also similar to those of the previous year. From the findings of the present study, it was concluded that lameness and respiratory disorders were the major causes of wastage in Thoroughbred racehorses in Gauteng. Further research into these causes of wastage in racehorses is needed.
Diagnostic criteria for acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (2012): Report of the Committee of Japan Diabetes Society on the Research of Fulminant and Acute‐onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 diabetes is a disease characterized by destruction of pancreatic β‐cells, which leads to absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. Depending on the manner of onset and progression, it is classified as fulminant, acute‐onset or slowly progressive type 1 diabetes. Here, we propose the diagnostic criteria for acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. Among the patients who develop ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis within 3 months after the onset of hyperglycemic symptoms and require insulin treatment continuously after the diagnosis of diabetes, those with anti‐islet autoantibodies are diagnosed with ‘acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (autoimmune)’. In contrast, those whose endogenous insulin secretion is exhausted (fasting serum C‐peptide immunoreactivity <0.6 ng/mL) without verifiable anti‐islet autoantibodies are diagnosed simply with ‘acute‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus’. Patients should be reevaluated after certain periods in case their statuses of anti‐islet autoantibodies and/or endogenous insulin secretory capacity are unknown.