Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of General Exposure Factors for Risk Assessment in Korean Children

There has been an increasing need for the risk assessment of external environmental hazards in children because they are more sensitive to hazardous chemical exposure than adults. Therefore, the development of general exposure factors is required for appropriate risk assessment in Korean children. This study aimed to determine the general exposure factors among Korean children aged ≤18 years. We developed the recommended exposure factors across five categories: physiological variables, inhalation rates, food and drinking water intake, time–activity patterns, and soil and dust ingestion. National databases were used, and direct measurements and questionnaire surveys of representative samples were performed to calculate the inhalation rate, water intake, and soil ingestion rate. With regard to the time–activity patterns, the daily inhalation rates ranged from 9.49 m3/day for children aged 0–2 years to 14.98 m3/day for those aged 16–18 years. This study found that Korean children spent an average of 22.64 h indoors, 0.63 h outdoors, and 0.73 h in-transit on weekdays. The general exposure factors of Korean children were studied for the first time, and these results could be used to assess children’s exposure and risk. They also suggest the differences compared with the results of international results.
Recycling and Updating an Educational Robot Manipulator with Open-Hardware-Architecture

This article presents a methodology to recycle and upgrade a 4-DOF educational robot manipulator with a gripper. The robot is upgraded by providing it an artificial vision that allows obtaining the position and shape of objects collected by it. A low-cost and open-source hardware solution is also proposed to achieve motion control of the robot through a decentralized control scheme. The robot joints are actuated through five direct current motors coupled to optical encoders. Each encoder signal is fed to a proportional integral derivative controller with anti-windup that employs the motor velocity provided by a state observer. The motion controller works with only two open-architecture Arduino Mega boards, which carry out data acquisition of the optical encoder signals. MATLAB-Simulink is used to implement the controller as well as a friendly graphical interface, which allows the user to interact with the manipulator. The communication between the Arduino boards and MATLAB-Simulink is performed in real-time utilizing the Arduino IO Toolbox. Through the proposed controller, the robot follows a trajectory to collect a desired object, avoiding its collision with other objects. This fact is verified through a set of experiments presented in the paper.
Similarities and spatial variations of bacterial and fungal communities in field rice planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) populations

Rice planthoppers are notorious plant sap‐feeding pests which cause serious damage. While several microbes in rice planthoppers have been broadly characterized, the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in field planthoppers are largely unknown. This study investigated the bacterial and fungal community compositions of Chinese wild rice planthoppers Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella furcifera using parallel 16S rRNA gene amplicon and internal transcribed space region sequencing. The bacteria varied significantly between the species and were partitioned significantly by sex, tissues and host environments in each species. The majority of bacteria were affiliated with the genera Wolbachia, Cardinium, Rickettsia and Pantoea. The abundance of Wolbachia was negatively correlated with that of Cardinium in both planthopper species. Compared with bacteria, the abundance and diversity of fungi did not differ between sexes but both were enriched in the gut. The bacterial community as a whole showed no significant correlation with the fungal community. The majority of fungi were related to Sarocladium, Alternaria, Malassezia, Aspergillus and Curvularia. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that these fungi were closely related to botanic symbionts or pathogens. Our results provide novel insights into the bacteria and fungi of rice planthoppers.
State-of-the-Art Production Chains for Peas, Beans and Chickpeas—Valorization of Agro-Industrial Residues and Applications of Derived Extracts

The world is confronted with the depletion of natural resources due to their unsustainable use and the increasing size of populations. In this context, the efficient use of by-products, residues and wastes generated from agro-industrial and food processing opens the perspective for a wide range of benefits. In particular, legume residues are produced yearly in very large amounts and may represent an interesting source of plant proteins that contribute to satisfying the steadily increasing global protein demand. Innovative biorefinery extraction cascades may also enable the recovery of further bioactive molecules and fibers from these insufficiently tapped biomass streams. This review article gives a summary of the potential for the valorization of legume residual streams resulting from agro-industrial processing and more particularly for pea, green bean and chickpea by-products/wastes. Valuable information on the annual production volumes, geographical origin and state-of-the-art technologies for the extraction of proteins, fibers and other bioactive molecules from this source of biomass, is exhaustively listed and discussed. Finally, promising applications, already using the recovered fractions from pea, bean and chickpea residues for the formulation of feed, food, cosmetic and packaging products, are listed and discussed.
The problem of look‐alike, sound‐alike name errors: Drivers and solutions

Look‐alike or sound‐alike (LASA) medication names may be mistaken for each other, e.g. mercaptamine and mercaptopurine. If an error of this sort is not intercepted, it can reach the patient and may result in harm. LASA errors occur because of shared linguistic properties between names (phonetic or orthographic), and potential for error is compounded by similar packaging, tablet appearance, tablet strength, route of administration or therapeutic indication. Estimates of prevalence range from 0.00003 to 0.0022% of all prescriptions, 7% of near misses, and between 6.2 and 14.7% of all medication error events. Solutions to LASA errors can target people or systems, and include reducing interruptions or distractions during medication administration, typographic tweaks, such as selective capitalization (Tall Man letters) or boldface, barcoding, and computerized physician order entry.
Peripheral nerve field stimulation in medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Case reports and small patient series have suggested peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) as a treatment for refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, the authors aimed to assess the effects of this technique on long-term pain severity. METHODS Data were prospectively collected on patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to MS who underwent PNFS between July 2013 and August 2017 at the authors' neurosurgical department. Patients were evaluated before and after the first treatment as well as at follow-up at least twice a year. Patients underwent assessment of their pain severity using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Scale before treatment and at follow-up and were questioned about adverse events following cranial MRI performed after implantation of a permanent PNFS system. RESULTS Eight patients (3 women) underwent PNFS trials and their median age was 61 years (IQR 73.75 - 46.5 years). Seven patients proceeded to permanent implantation of the stimulation system. At a median follow-up of 33 months (IQR 42 - 24 months), pain severity decreased from baseline to the last follow-up (BNI score decrease from V [IQR V - V] to III [IQR V - III], p = 0.054). Four patients experienced long-lasting benefit (at 48, 33, 24, and 15 months' follow-up, respectively), while in 3 patients the treatment eventually failed after an initially successful period. One patient had an infection, requiring system removal and subsequent reimplantation. No other complications occurred. No adverse events were noted in the patients undergoing MRI postimplantation. CONCLUSIONS This analysis indicates a possibly beneficial long-term effect of PNFS on refractory trigeminal neuralgia attributed to MS in some patients.
Clostridium-difficile-Infektion (CDI): Prävention, Diagnostik, Therapie

Florian Thalhammer*, Gunter Weiss**, Franz Allerberger, Petra Apfalter, Rainer Gattringer, Reinhold Glehr, Andrea Grisold, Markus Hell, Christoph Hogenauer, Oskar Janata, Robert Krause, Christian Madl, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Wolfgang Petritsch, Robert Sauermann, Herbert Tilg, Agnes Wechsler-Fordos und Christoph Wenisch Klinische Abteilung fur Infektionen und Tropenmedizin, Universitatskliniklinik fur Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Universitat Wien; Infektiologie, Immunologie, Rheumatologie, Pneumologie; Universitatsklinik fur Innere Medizin VI, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck; Osterreichische Agentur fur Gesundheit und Ernahrungssicherheit (AGES), Wien; Institut fur Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Tropenmedizin, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen Linz; 5Niedergelassener Arzt fur Allgemeinmedizin, Hartberg; Institut fur Hygiene, Mikrobiologie und Umweltmedizin, Medizinische Universitat Graz; Zentrum fur Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionskontrolle der SALK, Universitatsklinikum der PMU, Salzburg; Klinische Abteilung fur Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitatsklinik fur Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universitat Graz; Krankenhaushygiene, Donauspital im SMZ Ost der Stadt Wien; Infektiologie, Universitatsklinik fur Innere Medizin (UKIM), Medizinische Universitat Graz; 4. Medizinische Abteilung mit Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Wien; Klinische Abteilung fur Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitatsklinik fur Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universitat Wien; Klinische Abteilung fur Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitatsklinik fur Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universitat Graz; Abteilung Vertragspartner Medikamente, Hauptverband der osterreichischen Sozialversicherungstrager, Wien; Klinische Abteilung fur Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitatsklinik fur Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck; Krankenhaushygiene, Krankenhaus Rudolfstiftung Wien; 4. Medizinische Abteilung mit Infektiologie, SMZ Sud – KFJ-Spital der Stadt Wien
Towards Dynamic Controller Placement in Software Defined Vehicular Networks

The emerging SDVN (Software Defined Vehicular Network) paradigm promises to bring flexibility and efficient resource utilization to vehicular networks, enabling the emergence of novel Intelligent Transportation Services. However, as it was initially designed with wired network in mind, applying the SDN paradigm to a vehicular context faces new challenges related to the peculiar characteristics of this network (high node mobility and node density, and the presence of wireless links). In this paper, we focus on one of the critical architectural elements of SDVN, namely, the SDN Controller Placement, and promote the use of dynamic placement methods that take into account the dynamicity of vehicular networks’ topology. We also describe the different approaches towards a dynamic controller placement and also propose an ILP (Integer Linear Programming) based dynamic placement method that adaptively readjusts the number and placement of controllers according to road traffic fluctuations. The proposed method is evaluated using a realistic traffic trace from Luxembourg City. Simulation results show that our approach outperforms the static approach as proposed in the literature.
Proinflammatory S100A8 Induces PD-L1 Expression in Macrophages, Mediating Tumor Immune Escape

Key Points S100A8 upregulates PD-L1 expression in macrophages but not in cancer cells. S100A-pretreated macrophages attenuate antitumor ability of CTLs. S100A8 is a damage-associated molecular pattern protein released by monocytes, playing a decisive role in the development of inflammation. Nonresolving inflammation is viewed as a driving force in tumorigenesis, and its role in tumor immune escape also attracted attentions. PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a critical determinant of physiological immune homeostasis, and anti–PD-1 or PD-L1 therapy has becoming the most exciting field of oncology. Multiple regulation mechanisms have been contributed to PD-L1 expression modulation including inflammatory mediators. In this study we reported that S100A8 significantly induced PD-L1 expression in monocytes/macrophages but not in tumor cells. S100A8 induced PD-L1 transcription through the TLR4 receptor and multiple crucial pathways of inflammation process. S100A8 modulated the histone modification of the PD-L1 promoter in monocytes/macrophages. S100A8-pretreated macrophages had immunosuppressive function and attenuated the antitumor ability of CTLs both in vitro and in vivo. A highly positive correlation existed between S100A8 expression and PD-L1 expression in human cancer specimens. To our knowledge, our study uncovers a novel molecular mechanism for regulating PD-L1 transcription by an inflammatory mediator S100A8, and reveals the importance of comprehensive understanding the role of inflammation in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor immune escape.
Health status of primary school children: study from a rural health block of Lucknow

Background: School health is an important branch of community health. School health services is an economical and powerful means of raising community health. In school child is vulnerable to stress, tension and endangerment of group life because all children are not the same and comes from different socioeconomic and cultural background and with different immunity status. Child is quite vulnerable at this growing age and hence become easy victims of many non-communicable diseases such as dental caries, anaemia, visual and hearing defects. The objective of the study was to assess health status of primary school children in rural areas of Lucknow. Methods: The present school-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of Lucknow from February to July 2015. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select primary schools from 1st to 5th standard. All students who were present at the time of survey were included in the study. A pre-structured performa for each student was used to record information regarding anthropometric measurements, physical examination/ personal hygiene, clinical findings. Results: A total of 170 children were examined, among these 82 (48.23%) were boys and 88 (51.77%) were girls. Dental caries was the most common infirmity observed in 63 (37.05%) children with 95% CI (33.35- 40.75) and was statistically significant (p<0.05) with boys 29.27% and girls 44.31%. Anaemia were found in 65 (38.23%), boys were 32.92% and girls 43.18%. Ear discharge was seen in 17 (10%) children, boys were 6.10% and girls 13.63%. Conclusions: The common infirmity found were dental caries, anaemia and ear discharge. Effective strategy with good monitoring and evaluation is imperative in ensuring adequate and optimal implementation of school health services in primary schools in rural Lucknow.
Use of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Kidney Organoids To Develop a Cysteamine/mTOR Inhibition Combination Therapy for Cystinosis.

BACKGROUND Mutations in CTNS-a gene encoding the cystine transporter cystinosin-cause the rare, autosomal, recessive, lysosomal-storage disease cystinosis. Research has also implicated cystinosin in modulating the mTORC1 pathway, which serves as a core regulator of cellular metabolism, proliferation, survival, and autophagy. In its severest form, cystinosis is characterized by cystine accumulation, renal proximal tubule dysfunction, and kidney failure. Because treatment with the cystine-depleting drug cysteamine only slows disease progression, there is an urgent need for better treatments. METHODS To address a lack of good human-based cell culture models for studying cystinosis, we generated the first human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and kidney organoid models of the disorder. We used a variety of techniques to examine hallmarks of cystinosis-including cystine accumulation, lysosome size, the autophagy pathway, and apoptosis-and performed RNA sequencing on isogenic lines to identify differentially expressed genes in the cystinosis models compared with controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, these cystinosis models exhibit elevated cystine levels, increased apoptosis, and defective basal autophagy. Cysteamine treatment ameliorates this phenotype, except for abnormalities in apoptosis and basal autophagy. We found that treatment with everolimus, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway, reduces the number of large lysosomes, decreases apoptosis, and activates autophagy, but it does not rescue the defect in cystine loading. However, dual treatment of cystinotic iPSCs or kidney organoids with cysteamine and everolimus corrects all of the observed phenotypic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that combination therapy with a cystine-depleting drug such as cysteamine and an mTOR pathway inhibitor such as everolimus has potential to improve treatment of cystinosis.
AAV-mediated ERdj5 overexpression protects against P23H rhodopsin toxicity

Abstract Rhodopsin misfolding caused by the P23H mutation is a major cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). To date, there are no effective treatments for adRP. The BiP co-chaperone and reductase ERdj5 (DNAJC10) is part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control machinery, and previous studies have shown that overexpression of ERdj5 in vitro enhanced the degradation of P23H rhodopsin, whereas knockdown of ERdj5 increased P23H rhodopsin ER retention and aggregation. Here, we investigated the role of ERdj5 in photoreceptor homeostasis in vivo by using an Erdj5 knockout mouse crossed with the P23H knock-in mouse and by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene augmentation of ERdj5 in P23H-3 rats. Electroretinogram (ERG) and optical coherence tomography of Erdj5−/− and P23H+/−:Erdj5−/− mice showed no effect of ERdj5 ablation on retinal function or photoreceptor survival. Rhodopsin levels and localization were similar to those of control animals at a range of time points. By contrast, when AAV2/8-ERdj5-HA was subretinally injected into P23H-3 rats, analysis of the full-field ERG suggested that overexpression of ERdj5 reduced visual function loss 10 weeks post-injection (PI). This correlated with a significant preservation of photoreceptor cells at 4 and 10 weeks PI. Assessment of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) morphology showed preserved ONL thickness and reduced rhodopsin retention in the ONL in the injected superior retina. Overall, these data suggest that manipulation of the ER quality control and ER-associated degradation factors to promote mutant protein degradation could be beneficial for the treatment of adRP caused by mutant rhodopsin.
Boosting Na+ Storage Ability of Bimetallic MoxW1-xSe2 with Expanded Interlayers.

In spite of the valuable advancements in fabricating transition-metal selenides (TMSs)-based hybrid structures, only single-metal selenides has been obtained via the present most methods. Herein, a facile room temperature self-polymerization and subsequent selenization strategy for the the synthesis of bimetallic Mo x W 1-x Se 2 nanosheets with expanded interlayers decorated N-doped carbon matrix assembled flower-like hierarchical microspheres (Mo x W 1-x Se 2 /NC), is first proposed. Depending on the excellent coordination ability of dopamine with metal ions, self-formed flowerlike single precursors are harvested. The unique hybrid architecture benefits the penetration of the electrolyte, accelerates Na + insertion/extraction kinetics, enhance electron transfer ability, and alleviate the volume expansion and aggregation during cycling processes. Therefore, the bimetallic Mo x W 1-x Se 2 /NC electrode delivers high reversible capacities of 264 mAh g -1 at 1 A g - 1 for 700 cycles, 204.4 mAh g -1 at 4 A g -1 for 1400 cycles, and 153.3 mAh g -1 at 8 A g -1 for 2000 cycles, as well as an excellent rate capability up to 10 A g -1 with a capacity of 188.9 mAh g - 1 . Our study offers an effective strategy to boost sodium storage performance through the elaborate structural engineering.
Large-Scale ALS Data Semantic Classification Integrating Location-Context-Semantics Cues by Higher-Order CRF

We designed a location-context-semantics-based conditional random field (LCS-CRF) framework for the semantic classification of airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds. For ALS datasets of high spatial resolution but with severe noise pollutions, more contexture and semantics cues, besides location information, can be exploited to surmount the decrease of discrimination of features for classification. This paper mainly focuses on the semantic classification of ALS data using mixed location-context-semantics cues, which are integrated into a higher-order CRF framework by modeling the probabilistic potentials. The location cues modeled by the unary potentials can provide basic information for discriminating the various classes. The pairwise potentials consider the spatial contextual information by establishing the neighboring interactions between points to favor spatial smoothing. The semantics cues are explicitly encoded in the higher-order potentials. The higher-order potential operates at the clusters level with similar geometric and radiometric properties, guaranteeing the classification accuracy based on semantic rules. To demonstrate the performance of our approach, two standard benchmark datasets were utilized. Experiments show that our method achieves superior classification results with an overall accuracy of 83.1% on the Vaihingen Dataset and an overall accuracy of 94.3% on the Graphics and Media Lab (GML) Dataset A compared with other classification algorithms in the literature.
Research on Structure Optimization and Measurement Method of a Large-Range Deep Displacement 3D Measuring Sensor

Deep displacement monitoring of rock and soil mass is the focus of current geological hazard research. In the previous works, we proposed a geophysical deep displacement characteristic information detection method by implanting magneto-electric sensing arrays in boreholes, and preliminarily designed the sensor prototype and algorithm of deep displacement three-dimensional (3D) measurement. On this basis, we optimized the structure of the sensing unit through 3D printing and other technologies, and improved the shape and material parameters of the permanent magnet after extensive experiments. Through in-depth analysis of the experimental data, based on the data query algorithm and the polynomial least square curve fitting theory, a new mathematical model for 3D measurement of deep displacement has been proposed. By virtue of it, the output values of mutual inductance voltage, Hall voltage and tilt measuring voltage measured by the sensing units can be converted into the variations of relative horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and axial tilt angle between any two adjacent sensing units in real time, and the measuring errors of horizontal and vertical displacement are tested to be 0–1.5 mm. The combination of structural optimization and measurement method upgrading extends the measurement range of the sensing unit from 0–30 mm to 0–50 mm. It shows that our revised deep displacement 3D measuring sensor can better meet the needs of high-precision monitoring at the initial stage of rock and soil deformation and large deformation monitoring at the rapid change and imminent-sliding stage.