Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the Power of Deep PICO Extraction: Step-wise Medical NER Identification

The PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) is usually used to formulate evidence in the medical domain. The major task of PICO extraction is to extract sentences from medical literature and classify them into each class. However, in most circumstances, there will be more than one evidences in an extracted sentence even it has been categorized to a certain class. In order to address this problem, we propose a step-wise disease Named Entity Recognition (DNER) extraction and PICO identification method. With our method, sentences in paper title and abstract are first classified into different classes of PICO, and medical entities are then identified and classified into P and O. Different kinds of deep learning frameworks are used and experimental results show that our method will achieve high performance and fine-grained extraction results comparing with conventional PICO extraction works.
Metallic surface states in a correlated d-electron topological Kondo insulator candidate FeSb2

Significance The correlation-driven topological insulator is a poorly understood state of matter where topological protection is afforded in the absence of well-defined quasiparticles. Ongoing research is hampered by the scarcity of model material families, consisting of only the 4f rare-earth boride compounds thus far. Here we establish a class of candidate topological Kondo insulator in FeSb2, based on 3d electrons instead of 4f electrons. Comparison between the different families will allow identification of key ingredients responsible for the exotic insulating state. Our band-structure measurements will serve as important guides for theoretical modeling of the correlated insulating state in this system. The resistance of a conventional insulator diverges as temperature approaches zero. The peculiar low-temperature resistivity saturation in the 4f Kondo insulator (KI) SmB6 has spurred proposals of a correlation-driven topological Kondo insulator (TKI) with exotic ground states. However, the scarcity of model TKI material families leaves difficulties in disentangling key ingredients from irrelevant details. Here we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study FeSb2, a correlated d-electron KI candidate that also exhibits a low-temperature resistivity saturation. On the (010) surface, we find a rich assemblage of metallic states with two-dimensional dispersion. Measurements of the bulk band structure reveal band renormalization, a large temperature-dependent band shift, and flat spectral features along certain high-symmetry directions, providing spectroscopic evidence for strong correlations. Our observations suggest that exotic insulating states resembling those in SmB6 and YbB12 may also exist in systems with d instead of f electrons.
The predicted properties of helium-enriched globular cluster progenitors at high redshift

Globular cluster progenitors may have been detected by \textit{HST}, and are predicted to be observable with \textit{JWST} and ground-based extremely-large telescopes with adaptive optics. This has the potential to elucidate the issue of globular cluster formation and the origins of significantly helium-enriched subpopulations, a problem in Galactic astronomy with no satisfactory theoretical solution. Given this context, we use model stellar tracks and isochrones to investigate the predicted observational properties of helium-enriched stellar populations in globular cluster progenitors. We find that, relative to helium-normal populations, helium-enriched (${\Delta}Y=+0.12$) stellar populations similar to those inferred in the most massive globular clusters, are expected, modulo some rapid fluctuations in the first $\sim$30 Myr, to be brighter and redder in the rest frame. At fixed age, stellar mass, and metallicity, a helium-enriched population is predicted to converge to being $\sim$0.40 mag brighter at $\lambda \approx 2.0\, {\mu}m$, and to be 0.30 mag redder in the \textit{JWST}-NIRCam colour $(F070W-F200W)$, and to actually be fainter for $\lambda \lesssim 0.50 \, {\mu}m$. Separately, we find that the time-integrated shift in ionizing radiation is a negligible $\sim 5\%$, though we show that the Lyman-$\alpha$ escape fraction could end up higher for helium-enriched stars.
Studies on the effect of salinity, drought stress and soil type on nodule activities of Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet (Kashrangeeg)

Abstract Lablab purpureus (50 cultivars throughout the world) is a drought-tolerant legume widely grown as a high-protein grain food and forage legume within a wide range of neotropical regions with extensive production in India and similar climatic areas of Asia, Africa, Central and South America. The objective of this work was to study the nitrogen-fixing potentialities of L. purpureus under the effects of the extreme environmental conditions prevailing in the southern part of Egypt aiming at the recommendation of its propagation in areas of the National giant projects. L. purpureus inoculated with Rhizobium sp. Strain I 4 (21 days after planting) grown on Nile valley and Wadi Allaqi soils was relatively tolerant to mild levels of salinity, but the nodule number was reduced to about 35% of the control plants when subjected to a high salt level (120mM NaCl). Lablab plants were similarly affected by different rates of water deficits. This legume was tolerant to moderate levels of drought. The nodule number and weight at 50% of field capacity was about 70% of the control. These values were reduced to 45–55% at a field capacity of 16·5%. Absolute nitrogenase activity, leghaemoglobin content of nodules and protein content of bacteroids and cytosol were moderately affected by mild levels of NaCl and drought but significantly reduced to about 25–35% of the control treatments. The results also indicate that plants grown on the soil of Nile Valley exhibited slightly higher values (nitrogenase, protein, etc.) than those grown on Wadi Allaqi soil. This would encourage the possibility of propagating L. purpureus in the newly reclaimed areas of southern Egypt.
Thermodynamically Stable DNA Code Design using a Similarity Significance Model

DNA code design aims to generate a set of DNA sequences (codewords) with minimum likelihood of undesired hybridizations among sequences and their reverse-complement (RC) pairs (cross-hybridization). Inspired by the distinct hybridization affinities (or stabilities) of perfect double helix constructed by individual single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and its RC pair, we propose a novel similarity significance (SS) model to measure the similarity between DNA sequences. Particularly, instead of directly measuring the similarity of two sequences by any metric/approach, the proposed SS works in a way to evaluate how more likely will the undesirable hybridizations occur over the desirable hybridizations in the presence of the two measured sequences and their RC pairs. With this SS model, we construct thermodynamically stable DNA codes subject to several combinatorial constraints using a sorting-based algorithm. The proposed scheme results in DNA codes with larger code sizes and wider free energy gaps (hence better cross-hybridization performance) compared to the existing methods.
Herring Behaviour in the Dark: Responses to Stationary and Continuously Vibrating Obstacles

The behaviour of herring subjected to stationary and vibrating obstacles in their swimming path was recorded in daylight and darkness using an infra-red sensitive TV system. The herring avoided stationary obstacles using visual stimuli and usually collided with such obstacles in darkness. They showed strong avoidance to a continuously vibrating sound source in darkness but the speed of turning was relatively slow and there was no evidence for habituation. As they approached the source they usually responded when the sound pressure reached 10–20 Pa, about 70 dB above the threshold. Particle velocity within the lateral line canals was calculated and was 40–60 dB above threshold. Herring seem to be able to adapt their avoidance behaviour to suit the urgency of the situation.
Competing in a Complex Hidden Role Game with Information Set Monte Carlo Tree Search

Advances in intelligent game playing agents have led to successes in perfect information games like Go and imperfect information games like Poker. The Information Set Monte Carlo Tree Search (ISMCTS) family of algorithms outperforms previous algorithms using Monte Carlo methods in imperfect information games. In this paper, Single Observer Information Set Monte Carlo Tree Search (SO-ISMCTS) is applied to Secret Hitler, a popular social deduction board game that combines traditional hidden role mechanics with the randomness of a card deck. This combination leads to a more complex information model than the hidden role and card deck mechanics alone. It is shown in 10108 simulated games that SO-ISMCTS plays as well as simpler rule based agents, and demonstrates the potential of ISMCTS algorithms in complicated information set domains.
ANIONIC SITES OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES

The effects of pH, trypsin, and phospholipase C on the topographic distribution of acidic anionic residues on human erythrocytes was investigated using colloidal iron hydroxide labeling of mounted, fixed ghost membranes. After glutaraldehyde fixation at pH 6.5–7.5, the positively charged colloidal particles were bound to the membranes in small randomly distributed clusters. The clusters of anionic sites were reversibly aggregated by incubation at pH 5.5 before fixation at the same pH. These results correlate with the distribution of intramembranous particles found by Pinto da Silva (J. Cell Biol. 53:777), with the exception that the distribution of anionic sites on a majority of the fixed ghosts at pH 4.5 was aggregated instead of dispersed. The randomly distributed clusters could be nonreversibly aggregated by trypsin or phospholipase C treatment of intact ghosts before glutaraldehyde fixation. Previous glutaraldehyde fixation prevented trypsin and pH induced aggregation of the colloidal iron sites. Evidence that N-acetylneuraminic acid groups are the principal acidic residues binding colloidal iron was the elimination of greater than 85% of the colloidal iron labeling to neuraminidase-treated cell membranes. Colloidal iron binding N-acetylneuraminic acid residues may reside on membrane molecules such as glycophorin, a sialoglycoprotein which contains the majority of the N-acetylneuraminic acid found on the human erythrocyte membrane.
Early soft and flexible fusion of EEG and fMRI via tensor decompositions

Data fusion refers to the joint analysis of multiple datasets which provide complementary views of the same task. In this preprint, the problem of jointly analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data is considered. Jointly analyzing EEG and fMRI measurements is highly beneficial for studying brain function because these modalities have complementary spatiotemporal resolution: EEG offers good temporal resolution while fMRI is better in its spatial resolution. The fusion methods reported so far ignore the underlying multi-way nature of the data in at least one of the modalities and/or rely on very strong assumptions about the relation of the two datasets. In this preprint, these two points are addressed by adopting for the first time tensor models in the two modalities while also exploring double coupled tensor decompositions and by following soft and flexible coupling approaches to implement the multi-modal analysis. To cope with the Event Related Potential (ERP) variability in EEG, the PARAFAC2 model is adopted. The results obtained are compared against those of parallel Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and hard coupling alternatives in both simulated and real data. Our results confirm the superiority of tensorial methods over methods based on ICA. In scenarios that do not meet the assumptions underlying hard coupling, the advantage of soft and flexible coupled decompositions is clearly demonstrated.
High fidelity epigenetic inheritance: Information theoretic model predicts threshold filling of histone modifications post replication

Beyond the genetic code, there is another layer of information encoded as chemical modifications on histone proteins positioned along the DNA. Maintaining these modifications is crucial for survival and identity of cells. How the information encoded in the histone marks gets inherited, given that only half the parental nucleosomes are transferred to each daughter chromatin, is a puzzle. Mapping DNA replication and reconstruction of modifications to equivalent problems in communication of information, we ask how well enzymes can recover the parental modifications, if they were ideal computing machines. Studying a parameter regime where realistic enzymes can function, our analysis predicts that, pragmatically, enzymes may implement a threshold − k filling algorithm which fills unmodified regions of length at most k. This algorithm, motivated from communication theory, is derived from the maximum à posteriori probability (MAP) decoding which identifies the most probable modification sequence based on available observations. Simulations using our method produce modification patterns similar to what has been observed in recent experiments. We also show that our results can be naturally extended to explain inheritance of spatially distinct antagonistic modifications.
Longevity and mortality in 15 rodent species and subspecies maintained in laboratory colonies

Longevity/mortality data are presented for 15 wild rodent taxa as maintained in laboratory colonies: Microtus pennsylvanicus tananaensis, M. oeconomus macfarlani, M. o. operarius, M. minurus, M. abbreviatus, Lemmus lemmus, L. sibiricus trimucronatus, Dicrostonyx stevensoni, Clethrionomys rutilus, Peromyscus maniculatus borealis, P. m. bairdii, Baiomys taylori, Calomys ducilla, C. callosus and Acomys cahirinus. Przedstawiono dane o dlugości zycia i śmiertelności 15 dzikozyjących gatunkow i podgatunkow gryzoni hodowanych w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Są to: Microtus pennsylvanicus tananaensis, M. oeconomus macfarlani, M. o. operarius, M. minurus, M. abbreviatus, Lemmus lemmus, L. sibiricus trimucronatus, Dicrostonyx stevensoni, Clethrionomys rutilus, Peromyscus maniculatus borealis, P. m. bairdii, Baiomys taylori, Calomys ducilla, C. callosus, Acomys cahirinus (Tabela 1).
The ecology of six species of littoral gastropod molluscs. II. Seasonal variations in the six populations

The seasonal variations in the abundances of Austrocochlea constricta (Lamarck), Cellana tramoserica (Sowerby), and Montfortula conoidea (Reeve) were associated dominantly with seasonal variations in temperature. Temperature influenced survival of Mn. Conoidea, and probably was associated with the dispersal behaviour of G. tramoserica, but its influence on the abundance of A. constricta was unknown. The seasonal variations in the abundances of Bembicium nanum (Lamarck) was most probably associated only with wave action. No association was found between the seasonal abundances of Melanerita melanotragus (Smith) and any factor of the environment, whilst the density of Morula marginalba (Blainville) was too low for significant associations to be determined.
Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Ocular Diseases: Detrimental Interaction Between Virus and Host

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common cause of ocular diseases, affecting all parts of the visual axis. HSV-1 keratitis and uveitis represent two prevalent ocular diseases. The outcome of these potentially sightthreatening conditions depends on prompt diagnosis and treatment in order to counteract the detrimental intra-ocular virus-host interaction. This review recapitulates current insights on the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of HSV-1 keratitis and uveitis in patients and in the respective mouse models.
Miroslav Radman ou les pérégrinations d’un chercheur facétieux

copie de secours de son ADN et de proteines qui recollent et recombinent, elle reconstitue son genome a l’identique en une heure [2]. Ainsi, pendant que d’autres travaillaient sur l’apoptose, la mort programmee, Miroslav Radman decouvrait les secrets de la resurrection. Avouez qu’il y a de quoi etre incurablement optimiste ! D’autant plus que tous ces travaux sont etroitement lies aux moyens de defense contre le vieillissement, le cancer et la mort. Car D. radiodurans et d’autres « increvables », comme les rotiferes, les bdelloides1 ou les tardigrades, possedent, en plus, des moyens de lutter contre le stress oxydatif, ce processus qui preside a notre senescence. Et c’est encore Miroslav et son equipe qui viennent de le demontrer [3]. Prenons par exemple ce qu’il appelle « taches du tombeau » ou, plus poetiquement, « fleurs de cimetiere » ces petites plaques brunes sur nos mains qui se multiplient avec l’âge. Elles sont des indices de notre oxydation et signent la decrepitude. Malgre les allechantes promesses publicitaires, aucun cosmetique ne parviendra a les effacer. Mais on pourrait s’en premunir de l’interieur, justement avec la machinerie anti-oxydative (enzymes, fer, magnesium) que detiennent les « increvables ». Et Miroslav Radman se prend a rever. A rever d’abord de reparer l’injustice de l’inegalite des horloges biologiques humaines. Car, de meme qu’il existe une horloge biologique d’especes (ainsi l’olivier a un espoir de vie de 4 000 ans si sur son sol ne surviennent pas de guerres, la
Seasonal Changes in the Cambium of Trees. I. Sucrose Content in Thuja occidentalis

Cambium samples of Thuja occidentalis L. were collected at five different times, covering spring reactivation and early and late resting period, and used for sucrose determinations. Fragments of the different cell types - xylem ray, cambial initials, sieve-elements including phloem parenchyma cells, phloem ray - were dissected from freeze-dried radial sections and analyzed individually. Results show large differences in sucrose concentrations in the different cell types of the cambial layer. In addition, each cell type also shows seasonal fluctuations in sucrose content, whose amplitudes and patterns of variation appear specific for the particular cell type.
Energy transduction in vesicles of the methanogenic strain Gö1

Everted vesicles of the methanogenic strain Go1 synthesized ATP in response to methanogenesis from methyl-coenzyme M and H2. Simultaneously, a transmembrane pH gradient (ΔpH) was generated as evident from fluorescence quenching of acridine orange. Protonophorous uncouplers prevented ΔpH generation and ATP synthesis, but did not affect methanogenesis. The ATP synthase inhibitor diethylstilbestrol (DES) inhibited ATP synthesis but had no effect on methanogenesis and on ΔpH formation, indicating the essential role of the transmembrane proton potential in ATP synthesis. Progress has also been made in assigning specific functions to membrane components in methanogenesis from methyl-CoM and H2. Separation of cell extracts into cytoplasmic and membrane fraction revealed an essential role of membrane-bound components in electron transfer: methanogenesis catalyzed by the cytoplasmic fraction from strain Go1 was stimulated several fold by membranes from various methanogens. This stimulation was prevented if the membranes had been treated with oxidants (O2, K3[Fe(CN)6]) or SH reagents (Ag+, p-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetamide) pointing to the involvement of functional SH groups in methanogenesis from methyl-CoM and H2.
Performance of Hens Laying Eggs with Heavy or Light Shell Weight when Fed Diets with Different Calcium and Phosphorus Levels

Abstract Hy-Line W36® hens, 56-wk-old, were used to study the response to changing dietary Ca and P levels of hens laying eggs with heavy (HSW) or light shell weight (LSW). Three diets were fed: control diet [3.9% Ca and . 55% total P (Pt)], low-Ca diet (2.2% Ca and .55% Pt), and high-P diet (3.9% Ca and .90% Pt). In Experiment 2, one half of hens previously fed the low-Ca diet were changed to a Ca-deficient diet (1.7% Ca and .55% Pt), and the others continued to receive the diet previously fed. Also, one half of the hens fed the high-P diet were changed to a high-Ca, high-P diet (4.4% Ca and .90% Pt), and the others continued to receive the high-P diet. The control hens continued to receive the control diet. Shell weight was determined, and feed intake and egg production (EP) were recorded. Calcium and P intake, and Ca utilization were calculated. Plasma Ca and P, tibia breaking strength, and bone ash were determined. In both experiments egg production and shell weight were significantly lower for hens consuming both low-Ca and Ca-deficient diets than hens fed the control diet. The adverse effect was greater for HSW hens than for LSW hens. Many of HSW hens ceased production when fed the Ca-deficient diet. Calcium utilization was greater for HSW than for LSW hens. Increasing P in the diet from . 55 to . 90% Pt had no significant effect on SW or EP. Increasing Ca in the diet from 3.9 to 4.4% and P from . 55 to . 90% Pt had no significant effect on either EP, SW, or feed intake. Bone breaking strength and bone ash were not affected by dietary treatments. Plasma Ca and P concentrations were higher in the LSW than HSW hens.
Comunidade de aves da Reserva Estadual de Gurjaú, Pernambuco, Brasil

A qualitative and quantitative bird surveys were carried out in a forest fragment in Gurjau Reserve, Santo Agostinho Cape, Pernambuco State, Brazil. By qualitative census were registered 220 different bird species. Concerning the point counts, were identified 175 different species in 6.470 contacts (270 samples). A frequency of occurrence of 75% was registered for 43 species (19,6%); the most part of species had a frequency of occurrence below 25%.
HOW AND WHEN DO LAMBS RECOGNIZE THE BLEATS OF THEIR MOTHERS?

ABSTRACT In domestic sheep Ovis aries, the mother and the young display a preferential bond for each other that relies on multimodal inter-individual recognition. Lambs show a preference for their own dam shortly after birth, and this is important for their survival. The role of acoustic cues in this early preference for the mother is not clear. The aim of the present work was to analyze the timing of acoustic recognition of the mother and to identify the physical parameters used in the recognition of maternal bleats by the lamb. In a first study, we investigated the ability of lambs to discriminate between the bleats of their own mother and an alien equivalent mother in a two-choice test. Both ewes were hidden behind a canvas sheet and lambs were not allowed to approach the dams closer than 1 m, thus preventing visual as well as olfactory perception. Tests were conducted 12 hr, 24 hr or 48 hr after birth (n=19 or 20/group). An indication of vocal discrimination was already present at 24 hr and at 48 hr lambs spent significantly more time near their mother than near the alien dam. In a second step, we investigated which physical parameters of the bleats were important for recognition. For this, we conducted playback experiments with modified bleats at two weeks postpartum. Ours results show that lambs pay attention to a combination of various time, energy and frequency parameters: timbre (distribution of energy within the spectrum), amplitude and frequency modulations appear to be the most important parameters encoding the individual signature. We conclude that vocal recognition between the ewe and her lamb plays an important role in the display of preferential mother-young bond from very early on. Our studies also demonstrate that the encoding of the individual signature is not limited to the frequency domain but rather involves a multiparametric encoding process.