Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early radiographic diagnosis of pregnancy in the cat.

Radiographs of cats at known stages of gestation reveal that it is possible in some cases to diagnose pregnancy as early as the 17th day. In all cases examined this was possible by the 21st day. A diagram is presented in which the short width of the uterine embryonic swellings measured from radiographs is compared with swellings measured on uteri taken from cats sacrificed between day 17 and day 30 of pregnancy. The diagram may be used for the approximate determination of the stage of pregnancy in cases where mating time is unknown. Resume. Des radiographies de chats a des stades connus de gestation revelent qu'il est possible, dans certains cas, de diagnostiquer une grossesse des le 17ieme jour. Dans tous les cas examines, cela etait possible vers le 21 ieme jour. On presente un diagramme dans lequel la petite largeur des renflements uterins embryonnaires mesures d'apres des radiographies est comparee avec des renflements sur des uterus pris de chats sacrifies entre le 17ieme et le 30ieme jour de grossesse. Le diagramme peut ětre utilise pour determiner approximativement le stade de grossesse dans des cas ou le moment de conception n'est pas connu. Zusammenfassung. Rontgenaufnahmen von Katzen an uns bekannten Zeitpunkten von Gestation zeigten, dass es in einigen Fallen moglich ist Schwangerschaft so fruh wie am 17ten Tag zu diagnostizieren. In allen untersuchten Fallen war dieses am 21ten Tag moglich. Eine graphische Darstellung wurde gezeigt, in welcher die kurze Breite der uterine Embryo-Schwellung, die man in den Rontgenaufnahmenmass, mit den Schwellungen an Uteri verglich welche man von Katzen entfernte, die zwischen dem 17. und 30. Tag des Schwangerschaft getotet wurden. Die Darstellung kann fur die ungefahre Bestimmung von Zeitpunkt der Schwangerschaft gebraucht werden, in Fallen wo man nicht weiss, wann Paarung stattfand.
Quantification of IncP-1 Plasmid Prevalence in Environmental Samples

ABSTRACT To study the role of broad-host-range IncP-1 plasmids in bacterial adaptability to irregular environmental challenges, a quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed that specifically detects the korB gene, which is conserved in all IncP-1 plasmids, in environmental samples. IncP-1 plasmid dynamics in a biopurification system for pesticide wastes were analyzed.
Tissue-Specific Splicing of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript (LAT) Intron in LAT Transgenic Mice

ABSTRACT To study the regulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) expression and processing in the absence of other cis and trans viral functions, a transgenic mouse containing the region encompassing the LAT promoter (LAP1) and the LAT 5′ exon through the 2.0-kb intron was created. LAT expression was detectable by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in a number of tissues, including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), trigeminal ganglia (TG), brain, skin, liver, and kidney. However, when the accumulation of the 2.0-kb LAT intron was analyzed at the cellular level by in situ hybridization, little or no detectable accumulation was observed in the brain, spinal cord, kidney, or foot, although the 2.0-kb LAT intron was detected at high levels (over 90% of neurons) in the DRG and TG. Northern blot analysis detected the stable 2.0-kb LAT intron only in the sensory ganglia. When relative amounts of the spliced and unspliced LAT within the brain, liver, kidney, spinal cord, TG, and DRG were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, splicing of the 2.0-kb LAT intron was significantly more efficient in the sensory ganglia than in other tissues. Finally, infection of both transgenic mice and nontransgenic littermates with HSV-1 revealed no differences in lytic replication, establishment of latency, or reactivation, suggesting that expression of the LAT transgene in trans has no significant effect on those functions. Taken together, these data indicate that the regulation of expression and processing of LAT RNA within the mouse is highly cell-type specific and occurs in the absence of other viral cis- and trans-acting factors.
Needle exchange programs for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection: epidemiology and policy.

Received for publication August 25, 2000, and accepted for publication August 22, 2001. Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. 1 Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. 2 Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY. 3 Chemical Dependency Research Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY. 4 Office of HIV/AIDS Policy, Office of the Secretary, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. 5 Maryland State Senate, Annapolis, MD. 6 Public Citizen’s Health Research Group, Washington, DC. 7 National Association of People with AIDS, Washington, DC. Correspondence to Dr. David Vlahov, Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, The New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Avenue, Room 553, New York, NY 10029 (e-mail: dvlahov@ nyam.org). Needle exchange programs provide a particularly compelling and informative example of the intersection between epidemiology and policy. The concept of needle exchange was developed and initially proposed on the basis of biologic plausibility: providing access to sterile needles and syringes (hereafter referred to as needles) should prevent parenteral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other bloodborne pathogens, including hepatitis B and C. Nonetheless, various bans on the use of US federal funds for needle exchange program services have been in effect since 1988, limiting implementation and evaluation. The legislation included provisions that the ban on federal funding could be lifted only if the President of the United States or the US Surgeon General determined that needle exchange reduced the transmission of HIV infection and did not increase drug abuse. Indeed, the Secretary of the US Department of Health and Human Services did report in 1998 that the scientific evidence showed that needle exchange programs reduced HIV incidence and did not increase drug abuse. The Surgeon General reiterated this finding in 2000 (1). The administration decided, however, that federal funds would remain unavailable for needle exchange. During this policy stalemate at the federal level, the number of needle exchange programs has grown steadily, from none in 1987 to 160 programs operating in 39 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 1999 (2). In reviewing the history of needle exchange programs, a group was assembled to include perspectives from researchers, activists, and government to reflect on the role of epidemiologists in the development of needle exchange programs.
Risk factors for equine postoperative ileus and effectiveness of prophylactic lidocaine.

BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus (POI) is a frequent and often fatal complication of colic surgery. Reliably effective treatments are not available. OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors and protective factors associated with POI, and to assess the effect of lidocaine IV on short-term survival. ANIMALS One hundred and twenty-six horses that underwent small intestinal colic surgery and that survived for at least 24 hours postoperatively. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study. The association of 31 pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables with POI and the association of lidocaine treatment with short-term survival were investigated. Associations were evaluated with univariable logistic regression models, followed by multivariable analysis. RESULTS Significant associations of high heart rate (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.08), the presence of more than 8 L of reflux at admission (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.13-8.02) and the performance of a small intestinal resection (OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.15-5.27) with an increased probability of POI were demonstrated. Prophylactic lidocaine treatment was significantly associated with a reduced incidence of POI (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.11-0.56). Lidocaine treatment was also significantly associated with enhanced short-term survival (OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.09-0.98). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The variables associated with an increased risk of POI can be useful in identifying horses at risk of POI and in providing a more accurate prognosis. The results are supportive for lidocaine IV as an effective prokinetic treatment after small intestinal colic surgery.
BEAT Survey: A Cross-sectional Study of Resting Heart Rate in Young (18-55 Year) Hypertensive Patients.

BACKGROUND Studies in Caucasian population have shown that sustained elevation of heart rate (HR) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI). However, resting HR is not so well-studied in Indian hypertensive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS BEAT is a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the resting HR in young (18-55 years) patients in India. Also study aims to correlate it with age, BP and body mass index (BMI) along with smoking habit and past medical history like coronary artery disease. RESULTS A total of 3743 patients (mean age 45.69 ± 6.86 years; males 66.52%) were enrolled in study. Of them, 886 (23.67%) were diabetic, 712 (19.02%) had history of coronary artery disease and 818 (21.85%) had history of ever smoking.The average BMI was 26.15 (3.92) with majority of patients falling in either obese (19.85%) or overweight (53.42%) category. The average resting HR and BP were 82.79 ± 10.41 bpm and 146.82 ± 15.46/ 89.08 ± 8.8 mmHg. HR was found to have correlation with SBP (r = 0.247, p < 0.01), DBP (r = 0.219, p < 0.01); to lower extent with BMI (r = 0.041, p < 0.05); but not with age (r = -0.012, NS). CONCLUSION The resting HR is elevated in the Indian hypertensive patients. It was found to have correlation with BP and to lesser extent with BMI, whereas there was no correlation with age. The chronically elevated HR even in patients under treatment may have implication on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
Intelligence, Institutions, a Culture of Secrecy and Earnings Management

This paper extends and combines strands of literature in psychology, finance and accounting for a sample of 31 countries. Research in psychology shows that intelligence and economic development are associated through good governance and high quality institutions. I propose that, although accounting research regularly exhibits a negative correlation of good institutions with the extent of earnings management, high cognitive ability is crucial to fulfill the complicated task of managing earnings in the first place. On the one hand, cultural factors regularly relate to managers' value systems and hence might influence their stance on earnings management. On the other hand, culture is a crucial factor in forming institutions as well as accounting systems. Therefore, I control for the mitigating effect of a cultural disposition for secrecy on the relation between intelligence and earnings management.
RETHINKING CONSERVATION COMMUNICATION IN RURAL AFRICA: A CASE FOR INDIGENOUS AFRICAN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (IACS)

Given the critical role the media play in public education and enlightenment in modern societies, it is likely there will be the temptation to depend on them for the success of conservation communication in rural areas. But a major problem with this approach is that the gospel of conservation may not resonate with majority of rural dwellers, especially in the African continent where a lot of rural people appear to depend on the forest for food and livelihood (Collaborative Partnership on Forest, 2012). Considering that the rural poor in the continent are unlikely to have access to the mainstream mass media and the new media (Mtega, 2012), it is important that alternative information channels and media are employed in communicating the benefits of conservation to them. Using rural Nigeria as a case study, this article analyses the shortcomings and challenges of conservation communication in rural Africa. It explores the use of Indigenous African Communication Systems (IACS) in making conservation information meaningful for rural people and concludes that appreciating the peculiarities of rural people and their communication environment is important in effective conservation communication in rural Africa.
Comparison of Two DC Extraction Methods for Mobility and Parasitic Resistances in a HEMT

The channel mobility, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, parasitic source/drain resistances, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{S}/{R}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and virtual gate length, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, due to surface traps, at low drain–source bias, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {DS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, are important parameters of high-electron mobility transistors (HEMT’s). DC methods are available to extract these parameters from drain-current, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, versus gate-source voltage, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, measurements. We report a comparative study of two such methods based on the linear <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{D}-{V}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> approximation, from the viewpoint of device modeling, process monitoring, and physical understanding. One method yields constant values of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{S}+ {R}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> averaged over the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> range, while the other yields variations of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The study reveals some new details of these methods, and discusses their results on a range of GaAs and GaN HEMTs.
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 Does Not Cause Lymphoma in C 57 BL / 6 J Mice

To test whether transgenic Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) expression in C57BL/6 mouse lymphocytes causes lymphoma, EBNA1 expressed in three FVB lineages at two or three times the level of latent infection was crossed up to six successive times into C57BL/6J mice. After five or six crosses, 14/36, (38%) EBNA1 transgenic mice, 11/31 (36%) littermate EBNA1-negative controls, and 9/25 (36%) inbred C57BL/6J mice housed in the same facility had lymphoma. These data indicate that EBNA1 does not significantly increase lymphoma prevalence in C57BL/6J mice.
Evidence-Based Software Engineering for Practitioners

Software managers and practitioners often must make decisions about what technologies to employ on their projects. They might be aware of problems with their current development practices (for example, production bottlenecks or numerous defect reports from customers) and want to resolve them. Or, they might have read about a new technology and want to take advantage of its promised benefits. However, practitioners can have difficulty making informed decisions about whether to adopt a new technology because there's little objective evidence to confirm its suitability, limits, qualities, costs, and inherent risks. This can lead to poor decisions about technology adoption. Software engineers might make incorrect decisions about adopting new techniques it they don't consider scientific evidence about the techniques' efficacy. They should consider using procedures similar to ones developed for evidence-based medicine. Software companies are often under pressure to adopt immature technologies because of market and management pressures. We suggest that practitioners consider evidence-based software engineering as a mechanism to support and improve their technology adoption decisions.
Role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in hormone regulating programmed cell death of wheat aleurone layer

Hormonal regulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme production in wheat aleurone layer was revealed. In the presence of gibberellic acid in wheat aleurone layer significant increase of reactive oxygen species was observed. This effect of gibberellic acid was associated with maximal decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity. The present study showed that in the given model system influence of abscisic acid was directed to the suppression of ROS production through increase in antioxidant enzyme synthesis. Strict correlation between progression of wheat aleurone programmed cell death, ROS production and changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes was revealed. Relying on the obtained data it was suggested that ROS and antioxidant enzymes could play important roles in realization of hormone induced programmed cell death of wheat aleurone layer.
Rash in an HIV‐positive patient

A 35-year-old Caucasian man presented with a rash after initiation of an atazanavir-based antiretroviral regimen (Fig. 1). He had been diagnosed HIV positive 5 years earlier and had previously been exposed to amprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, lamivudine, zidovudine, stavudine and abacavir. The latter had been discontinued after a hypersensitivity reaction several years before. Because of persistent diarrhoea while on a stable twice-daily regimen of stavudine 40 mg, lamivudine 150 mg and lopinavir/ ritonavir 3 capsules, the patient had been switched to atazanavir 300 mg/ritonavir 100 mg once daily 12 days before the present episode, which was characterized by a generalized, blanching, nonitchy, maculo-papular erythema, sparing his face, palms and soles. There was no mucosal involvement or fever. The patient had not taken any other drugs and no allergens could be identified. Serology results for common viral infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and for toxoplasmosis and syphilis excluded a recent infection. Liver function tests, inflammatory markers and safety parameters remained within the normal range. The Naranjo ADR Probability Scale [1] (score 6/13) indicated a probable relationship between the rash and atazanavir therapy. A skin biopsy was refused, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were not measured. The rash subsided 2 days after the switch of atazanavir/ritonavir to lopinavir/ritonavir and administration of antihistamine drugs. Re-challenge with atazanavir was not performed because of the patient’s previous history of severe drug hypersensitivity. He was subsequently given nevirapine and developed a mild, localized maculo-papular rash without liver involvement or physical impairment. Thus nevirapine was continued and the rash disappeared without treatment modification. Several antiretroviral drugs are known to cause skin eruptions. Atazanavir has not commonly been associated with the occurrence of a rash, [2,3] although it is listed as a possible side effect in the drug monograph [Reyataz (Atazanavir sulfate) capsules, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA, June 2005]. Physicians and patients should be aware of this potential complication. It remains unclear whether atazanavir should be discontinued in all cases or not.
Advanced control methods for two-wheeled mobile robots

A complete overview in recent years, concerned with the classification, control methods, applications and future works for two-wheeled mobile robot (TWMR), is presented. There have been three main types of TWMRs: input coupling, without input coupling and reaction wheel. For the second model (TWMR without input coupling), a variety of control methods have been proposed from the classical method PID to advanced methods such as sliding mode control, adaptive control, robust control, back-stepping, and fuzzy inference system based control. There have been vital applications of TWMRs, for example, Segway, E-scooter and TWMR based cars. There have been some unsolved challenging control problems, such as controllability, moving on non-flat surface, inclined path, control of TWMRs with input-coupling, control of TWMRs with reaction wheel and safety.
Adaptive Sampling Algorithm for ANN-based Performance Modeling of Nano-scale CMOS Inverter

important challenge for developing an ANN-based predictive performance model. In this paper, we present an adaptive sampling algorithm for generation of an optimum size of training sample set. This allows a unified model building process that incorporates both data generation and neural network training. The present algorithm has been used to construct the performance model of a nano-scale CMOS inverter. The training data are generated from the samples through SPICE simulation. The accuracy of the constructed model is found to be quite high. The present algorithm has been compared with other standard progressive sampling algorithms. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II discusses related works in performance modeling and adaptive sampling. An overview of performance modeling using ANN is described in Section III. The adaptive sampling algorithm is described in details in Section IV. Section V presents the numerical results and finally conclusion is drawn in Section VI.
Identification and characterization of a novel myosin Ic isoform that localizes to the nucleus

In vertebrates, two myosin Ic isoforms that localize to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus have been characterized. The isoform that predominantly localizes to the nucleus is called nuclear myosin I (NMI). NMI has been identified as a key factor involved in nuclear processes such as transcription by RNA polymerases I and II and intranuclear transport processes. We report here the identification of a previously uncharacterized third MYOIC gene product that is called isoform A. Similar to NMI, this isoform contains a unique N‐terminal peptide sequence, localizes to the nucleus and colocalizes with RNA polymerase II. However, unlike NMI, upon exposure to inhibitors of RNA polymerase II transcription the newly identified isoform translocates to nuclear speckles. Furthermore, in contrast to NMI, this new isoform is absent from nucleoli and does not colocalize with RNA polymerase I. Our results suggest an unexpected diversity among nuclear myosin Ic isoforms in respect to their intranuclear localization and interaction with nuclear binding partners that could provide new insights into the regulation of myosin‐dependent nuclear processes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.