Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The structure of a separating turbulent boundary layer. Part 1. Mean flow and Reynolds stresses

The problem of turbulent-boundary-layer separation due to an adverse pressure gradient is an old but still important problem in many fluid flow devices. Until recent years little quantitative experimental information was available on the flow structure downstream of separation because of the lack of proper instrumentation. The directionally sensitive laser anemometer provides the ability to measure the instantaneous flow direction and magnitude accurately. The experimental results described here are concerned with a nominally two-dimensional, separating turbulent boundary layer for an airfoil-type flow in which the flow was accelerated and then decelerated until separation. Upstream of separation single and cross-wire hot-wire anemometer measurements are also presented. Measurements in the separated zone with a directionally sensitive laser-anemometer system were obtained for U, V, $\overline{u^2}, \overline{v^2}, - \overline{uv}$, the fraction of time that the flow moves downstream, and the fraction of time that the flow moves away from the wall. In addition to confirming the earlier conclusions of Simpson, Strickland & Barr (1977) regarding a separating airfoil-type turbulent boundary layer, much new information about the separated region has been gathered. (1) The backflow mean velocity profile scales on the maximum negative mean velocity UN and its distance from the wall N. A U+ vs. y+ law-of-the-wall velocity profile is not consistent with this result. (2) The turbulent velocities are comparable with the mean velocity in the backflow, although low turbulent shearing stresses are present. (3) Mixing length and eddy viscosity models are physically meaningless in the backflow and have reduced values in the outer region of the separated flow. Downstream of fully developed separation, the mean backflow appears to be divided into three layers: a viscous layer nearest the wall that is dominated by the turbulent flow unsteadiness but with little Reynolds shearing stress effects; a rather flat intermediate layer that seems to act as an overlap region between the viscous wall and outer regions; and the outer backflow region that is really part of the large-scaled outer region flow. The Reynolds shearing stress must be modelled by relating it to the turbulence structure and not to local mean velocity gradients. The mean velocities in the backflow are the results of time averaging the large turbulent fluctuations and are not related to the source of the turbulence.
Current Status of Reproductive Management in Buffalo in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to know the application of reproductive management of buffalos in West Sulawesi Province. This study was conducted during a period from July to August 2012 in three different sub-districts; Mehalaan, Messawa, and Nosu. Purposive sampling was used to choose the location where the study was taking place with consideration that those sub-districts have different population of buffalos ranging from highest to smallest. Data collection both primary and secondary data was done through observation and interview to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data. The results of this study showed that mating system of buffalos in this area were two different methods; natural mating without any help and natural mating with the help of the farmers, while artificial insemination (AI) method for mating the buffalos did not apply yet. A total of 85% farmers/respondent did mating system for the buffalos with the help of the farmers, while the remaining 15% of the farmers did mating system without any help. This study also showed that most of the farmers had good knowledge about estrus (98.3%) and the remaining 1.7% farmers had poor knowledge about estrus. Most of them were capable to identify buffalos in estrus by observing their behavior.
Agricultural Liberalisation and the Least Developed Countries: Six Fallacies

Today, agriculture remains the most distorted sector of the world economy. Therefore, agricultural liberalisation in the Doha negotiations is rightly the top priority. But the public-policy discourse on the subject remains fogged by a number of fallacies. These fallacies probably originated with the leadership of the World Bank but have now been embraced by the IMF, OECD, Oxfam and the leading academic critics of globalisation. The paper identifies six fallacies and offers evidence and analysis to debunk them: (1) Agricultural border protection and subsidies are largely a developed-country phenomenon. (2) Developed-country agricultural subsidies and protection hurt the poorest developing countries most. (3) Developed-country subsidies and protection hurt the poor, rural households in the poorest countries. (4) Developed-country agricultural protection and subsidies constitute the principal barrier to the development of the poorest developing countries. (5) Agricultural protection reflects double standard and hypocrisy on the part of the developed countries. (6) What the donor countries give with one hand (aid), they take away with the other (farm subsidies). Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2005.
An unusual case of systolic hypertension associated with ticlopidine treatment.

I solated systolic hypertension (ISH), defined as SBP more than 140 mmHg and DBP less than 90mmHg, is an age-related disease generally induced by physiological impairment related to arterial stiffness; ISH is quite common in elderly patients, representing a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [1]. Here we report an unexpected and previously not described event of ISH exacerbation associated with ticlopidine use in an 80-year-old white woman with type II diabetes, glaucoma, chronic gastritis, thyroid nodules (with normal thyroid function), renal angiolipoma and hypertension. In January 2009, her blood pressure had been under good pharmacological control for about 10 years with atenolol/chlorthalidone (100 and 25mg/day, respectively) and amlodipine (5mg/day). Other concomitant medications were metformin, glicazide, simvastatin, timolol, paroxetine and lorazepam. A bilateral carotid stenosis was then diagnosed, and a therapy with ticlopidine 250 mg/day was started (she was aspirin-intolerant).
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE CAPACITY OF POWER LINES

This article deals with determining the value of maximum permissible current with consideration of ambient conditions. Each ambient conditions and their influence on the value of current ampacity for ACSR conductor 350/59 in comparison with ampacity given by calculation accordance the standard EN 50341 are described in this article. Static ambient conditions are given in this standard and change in the ambient conditions was neglected in calculation of the resulting value. The aim of this article is to refer the influence of the change of ambient environment and ambient conditions to the maximum permissible current.
Rapid forearc uplift and subsidence caused by impinging bathymetric features: Examples from the New Hebrides and Solomon arcs

Isotopically dated corals from the central New Hebrides and New Georgia Island Group, Solomon Islands, indicate that both forearcs underwent rapid late Quaternary subsidence that was abruptly replaced by hundreds of meters of uplift at rates up to ∼8 mm/yr, while total plate convergence was only a few kilometers. Two mechanisms that might account for these rapid reversals in vertical motion include (1) a “displacement” mechanism in which the forearc is displaced upward by the volume of an object passing beneath on the subducting plate (as the object moves deeper and vacates the base of the forearc, the forearc subsides to near its original position) and (2) a “crustal shortening” mechanism in which the forearc thickens and uplifts because of horizontal shortening when a large object impinges on the forearc and abruptly increases interplate coupling on the shallow end of the main thrust zone. Rapid subsidence follows when the impinging object is broken or otherwise decoupled, shallow interplate coupling becomes weak, and the uplifted forearc extends and subsides. The displacement mechanism surely plays a role on timescales over which plates converge tens of kilometers, but it fails to explain the geographic pattern, short time frame, and abruptness of the change from subsidence to uplift that we observe. The crustal shortening mechanism is preferred because it allows the observed abrupt uplift when an object impinges on a forearc and causes locking of a shallow segment of the interplate thrust zone.
Using Actual Industrial Robot Manipulators with Construction Tasks

Actual industrial robot manipulators are sophisticated machines that work essentially as position and motion controllers. They have sufficiently powerful programming environments and good communication devices that, considering also their ability to perform human-like tasks, make them a typical case of flexible manufacturing equipment. Force control can also be used if no more than passive and/or indirect force control is required. This is roughly the actual state-of-the-art of industrial robot manipulators. Is this useful or interesting for construction tasks? In this paper we review the main characteristics of actual manipulators, in a way to show that technically the actual state-of-the-art is sufficient to cope with the requirements of many of the construction tasks. Beside of that, and using a typical industrial manipulator, we present a software interface that can be used to program, monitor and control those tasks. The main applications of the presented software are with off-site construction tasks, although on-site tasks can also benefit from using it. Off-site tasks include manufacturing prefabricated panels, adding ceramic covers to other prefabricated panels, polishing, painting, window assembly, etc.
A feeding strategy of combining tropical grass species for stall-fed dairy cows.

An experiment was carried out to determine dry matter (DM) yield and frequency distribution of tropical grass species and to investigate the effects of feeding various combinations of these species on the performance of dual-purpose cows managed under a zero-grazing system in semiarid areas of central Tanzania. Cenchrus ciliaris, Cynodon plectostachyus and Rottiboeria exeltata had the highest yields, while Chloris gayana and Heteropogon contortus yielded the least. Combinations of these grass species in a 50:50 ratio comprised of 4 rations tested: R1, Cenchrus ciliaris (CC) and Panicum maximum (PM); R2, CC and Cynodon plectostachyus (CPL); R3, PM and CPL; and R4, CPL and Rottiboeria exeltata. Eight cows in a double 4 × 4 Latin square design were fed rations R1-R4 ad libitum supplemented with concentrate (33% sunflower seed cake and 67% maize bran), that accounted for about 40% of DM intake. Total DM intakes of all rations were similar. R2 had the highest digestibility and metabolisable energy and crude protein concentrations. Cows produced more milk (5.3 kg/d, excluding milk suckled by the calves) on R2 than on R3, R1 and R4, which resulted in 4.6, 4.9 and 4.8 kg/d, respectively. Milk components were similar. Combining Cenchrus ciliaris and Cynodon plectostachyus provided good quality hay for milk production.
Assessing the land cover and land use change and its impact on watershed services in a tropical Andean watershed of Peru

Understanding of land cover and land use change process and its implication for environmental condition and ecosystem functioning, it is essential to identify and recognize the services provided by the ecosystem. Remotely sensed data together with GIS increase the capability to analyze the human impact on the environment in quantitative, qualitative and spatial form. The main goal of this study was to generate the land cover and land use (LCLU) multi-temporal information, to quantify and to analyze the LCLU change and its impact on watershed soil erosion and sediment yield regulation services, and to identify the upstream and downstream relationship on sediment control in Huatanay watershed of Cusco region in the tropical Andes of Peru. Land cover and land use maps for 1988, 1997 and 2007 were generated and compared statistically through a cross-tabulation obtaining an overall kappa index of: 0.41 for 1988-1997, and 0.40 for 19972007, meaning significant changes between the LCLU classes in the studied periods. The LCLU change assessment evaluating area gains and losses and net change in each LCLU class revealed a high dynamic state of the Huatanay watershed landscape, where most of the classes represented changes more than 50% in the studied periods. Most of the LCLU changes were caused by the human action. The estimated annual average of soil losses in the Huatanay watershed were 319.5, 299.4 and 306.0 ton/ha/year in 1988, 1997 and 2007, which means a slight soil loss declining due to LCLU change (P=0.009). However, more than 50% of the watershed area had soil loss from moderate to extreme, which means that the erosion problem is very relevant in the watershed. The estimated sediment yields in the watershed were 1260.37, 1201.48 and 1227.61 ton/km/yr in 1988, 1997 and 2007. The areas of the highest sediment yield values in downstream represent the areas of very active sedimentation process. This is a problem which is getting worse by urban growth in the floodplains, which are important areas for soil deposition. Finally, there was a clear quantitative sediment production and accumulation relationship between the upper and lower parts of the watershed, high sediment production by soil erosion occurring in the middle and upper part and high sediment accumulation occurring in the lower part of the watershed.
dopamine neurons Role of melatonin , serotonin 2 B , and serotonin 2 C receptors in modulating the firing activity of rat

Melatonin has been widely used for the management of insomnia, but is devoid of antidepressant effect in the clinic. In contrast, agomelatine which is a potent melatonin receptor agonist is an effective antidepressant. It is, however, a potent serotonin 2B (5-HT2B) and serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor antagonist as well. The present study was aimed at investigating the in vivo effects of repeated administration of melatonin (40 mg/kg/day), the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB 242084 (0.5 mg/kg/day), the selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist LY 266097 (0.6 mg/kg/day) and their combination on ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA), locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE), and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin (5-HT) firing activity. Administration of melatonin twice daily increased the number of spontaneously active DA neurons but left the firing of NE neurons unaltered. Long-term administration of melatonin and SB 242084, by themselves, had no effect on the firing rate and burst parameters of 5-HT and DA neurons. Their combination, however, enhanced only the number of spontaneously active DA neurons, while leaving the firing of 5-HT neurons unchanged. The addition of LY 266097, which by itself is devoid of effect, to the previous regimen increased for DA neurons the number of bursts per minute and the percentage of spikes occurring in bursts. In conclusion, the combination of melatonin receptor activation as well as 5-HT2C receptor blockade resulted in a disinhibition of DA neurons. When 5-HT2B receptors were also blocked, the firing and the bursting activity of DA neurons were both enhanced, thus reproducing the effect of agomelatine.
International Transmission of Monetary Shocks with Interest Rate Rules

This paper explores the implications of monetary policy rules in the general equilibrium two-country framework of Obstfeld and Rogo¤ (1995). It is argued that the sign of the correlation of domestic and foreign outputs can be positive after a monetary shock, contrary to the standard result. The reason is that an interest rate rule targeting the consumer price index implies less volatile terms of trade and this
IN THEIR O RGANISATIONAL L IFE C YCLE : AN E XPLORATORY S TUDY

This study investigates various threats to the survival of independent financial advisers in their organisational life cycle. Telephone interviews were conducted to gain more insight into the demographic data of the respodents and to attempt to group them into life-cycle stages. Personal interviews were conducted to investigate the respondents’ problems. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, general life-cycle stages applicable to the businesses of independent financial advisers were determined. Secondly, the study identified the important problems as well as those that ought to be considered in the advisers’ businesses. The findings could be of assistance to independent financial advisers in analysing both their current business position and their planning for future requirements as the business develops from one stage to the next.
Enabling Reputation Interoperability through Semantic Technologies Rehab

Reputation is a complex concept that has a major role in fields like social sciences, economics as well as computer science. Representing it as a simple form of property-rating or a vector of ratings strips it from its original notion and postulation. It does not also facilitate the derivation of meaningful conclusions from it. This paper presents a semantic model for the representation of reputation as a complex object a so called Reputation Object (RO). We also argue that using ontologies, and other semantic web technologies, to represent the reputation object model is essential to achieve reputation interoperability and portability between different domains. The contribution is a semantic design artifact for reputation representation that agrees with the theoretical and social formation and processing of reputation information. We also show some applications and how this ontologybased reputation model can be applied in a rule-based open reputation system. The work presented here has significant implications for e-market studies of knowledge sharing.
PII: S1050-1738(97)00139-4

The gkowth of components is one of the characteristic events in the development of atherosclerosis. It is generally accepted that smooth muscle cellsproliferate in atherosclerotic lesions. It has recently become evidept that microphage-derived foam cells also proliferate in the early stageof the atheroscleroticlesions. Our recent reportshave demonstrated induation of microphage proliferation in vitro by oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL), in which a transport of lysophosphatidylcholine into qells by eficient endocytic uptake of Ox-LDL through the scavenger recep~orpathway is important. Because microphage-derived foam cells play an important role in the development of the early atherosclerotic lesions, it seems reasonable to expect that the Ox-LDL-induced microphage prolifiv-ation may be linked to atheroscleroticprocesses in vivo. (TrendsCardiovascMed 1998; 8:119-124). 01998, Ekwvier Science Inc.
Epithelial Atrophy In Patients With Exudative AMD Undergoing Therapy With Ranibizumab.”

1. Lois N, McBain V, Abdelkader E, et al. Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Retina 2012;33:13–22. 2. Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials (CATT) Research Group, Martin DF, Maguire MG, et al. Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two year results. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1388–1398. 3. Frank C. CATT: Beyond visual acuity. Retinal Physician June 1, 2012. Available at: http://www.retinalphysician. com/articleviewer. aspx? articleID=107119. Accessed August 5, 2013. 4. Jerry H. Can anti-VEGF trigger GA? Retinal Physician October 1, 2012. Available at: http://www.retinalphysician. com/articleviewer. aspx? articleID=107598. Accessed August 5, 2013.
Lipid Tissue / cell Cholesterol Human cortex Human hippocampus Human cerebellum Rat brain Mouse synaptosomes Cultured hippocampal neurons Human cortex Rat synaptosomes CYP 46 Human hippocampus Mouse synaptosomes Cultured hippocampal neurons HMG-CoA reductase Hippocampal tissue of adult female Cerami

Lipids are the fundamental structural components of biological membranes. For a long time considered as simple barriers segregating aqueous compartments, membranes are now viewed as dynamic interfaces providing a molecular environment favorable to the activity of membrane-associated proteins. Interestingly, variations in membrane lipid composition, whether quantitative or qualitative, play a crucial role in regulation of membrane protein functionalities. Indeed, a variety of alterations in brain lipid composition have been associated with the processes of normal and pathological aging. Although not establishing a direct cause-and-effect relationship between these complex modifications in cerebral membranes and the process of cognitive decline, evidence shows that alterations in membrane lipid composition affect important physicochemical properties notably impacting the lateral organization of membranes, and thus microdomains. It has been suggested that preservation of microdomain functionality may represent an effective strategy for preventing or decelerating neuronal dysfunction and cerebral vulnerability, processes that are both aggravated by aging. The working hypothesis developed in this review proposes that preservation of membrane organization, for example, through nutritional supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid, could prevent disturbances in and preserve effective cerebral
Analysis of Input Impedance of Asymmetrically Loaded Annular Ring Antenna

In this communication the numerical modelling for input impedance of an annular ring antenna is done. The cavity model is used for the analysis and the post is loaded asymmetrically at a point from the centre of the ring. The numeri-cal model formed is verified with the results of IE3D model based on method of moments. The loading of antenna can be used to design broadband antennas by enhancing the bandwidth of antennas.
Encouraging small firm up-take of SCM using education: a future research agenda

The success of supply chain management (SCM) practices often depends on small firms in the supply chain adopting these practices, yet they are often reluctant to do so. The existing literature mostly explores SCM adoption barriers rather than approaches to encourage adoption. This paper argues that an educational perspective has promise, and proposes a research agenda which should guide future studies by all researchers studying small firm SCM up-take. The agenda encompasses the diversity of small firms, the major educational players, appropriate types of education approaches and the theoretical framework to underpin this research. The paper then gives an example of how this research agenda can be applied to a specific research project which will explore the impact of the Supply Chain Knowledge Centre (SCKC), a state of the art SCM education facility developed by GS1 Australia, on small firm SCM up-take.
IBISA: Image-Based Identification / Search for Archaeology

IBISA (Image-Based Identification/Search for Archaeology) is a research project supported by the French CNRS. The corresponding software tool manages databases of digital images of archaeological objects, and allows the user to perform searches by examples. For now, the system works with ancient (greek, roman) coins, and the generalization to medieval tiles is under progress. IBISA was designed to help the user decide, from their images, if two objects are either the same, come from the same matrix, share resemblance in style, or are completely different. It uses computer vision methods to make this decision while getting rid of the viewing conditions when searching for similarities in the databases. First, a segmentation method based on active contours extracts the useful part of each image from its background context. Then, a registration method based on the Fourier-Mellin transform sorts the images by similarity, canceling any translation, rotation, or zoom inherent to the photography.