Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Analysis of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines With Fractional Windings With Experimental Validation

Axial-flux permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines are suitable for direct drive applications. Axial-flux PM synchronous machines with fractional windings provide high power density, low torque ripple, and sinusoidal phase voltages, but suffer from high rotor losses due to stator field harmonics and slotting. This paper formulates an electromagnetic model based on the polar coordinate representation of the air-gap magnetic field. No-load and load tests are carried out on a soft-magnetic-composite stator axial-flux machine to validate the model. Rotor losses represent the largest loss figure in this machine. Most rotor losses are due to slotting harmonics.
Full Conversion of the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Specificity of the Parainfluenza Virus 5 Fusion Protein by Replacement of 21 Amino Acids in Its Head Region with Those of the Simian Virus 41 Fusion Protein

ABSTRACT For most parainfluenza viruses, a virus type-specific interaction between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins is a prerequisite for mediating virus-cell fusion and cell-cell fusion. The molecular basis of this functional interaction is still obscure partly because it is unknown which region of the F protein is responsible for the physical interaction with the HN protein. Our previous cell-cell fusion assay using the chimeric F proteins of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and simian virus 41 (SV41) indicated that replacement of two domains in the head region of the PIV5 F protein with the SV41 F counterparts bestowed on the PIV5 F protein the ability to induce cell-cell fusion on coexpression with the SV41 HN protein while retaining its ability to induce fusion with the PIV5 HN protein. In the study presented here, we furthered the chimeric analysis of the F proteins of PIV5 and SV41, finding that the PIV5 F protein could be converted to an SV41 HN-specific chimeric F protein by replacing five domains in the head region with the SV41 F counterparts. The five SV41 F-protein-derived domains of this chimera were then divided into 16 segments; 9 out of 16 proved to be not involved in determining its specificity for the SV41 HN protein. Finally, mutational analyses of a chimeric F protein, which harbored seven SV41 F-protein-derived segments, revealed that replacement of at most 21 amino acids of the PIV5 F protein with the SV41 F-protein counterparts was enough to convert its HN protein specificity.
Ghrelin Directly Regulates Bone Formation

To clarify the role of ghrelin in bone metabolism, we examined the effect of ghrelin in vitro and in vivo. Ghrelin and its receptor, GHS‐R1a, were identified in osteoblasts, and ghrelin promoted both proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, ghrelin increased BMD in rats. Our results show that ghrelin directly affects bone formation.
Performance evaluation of respite care services through multi-agent based simulation

Caregivers of patients with chronic diseases are undergoing a daily burnout in their lives. Although respite care seems a promising solution, no quantitative analysis has yet been provided to demonstrate its positive impact. In this article, we propose (i) a new model of caregivers' burnout evolution based on Markov chain and machine learning to model health state evolution, and (ii) a multi-agent based simulation approach to describe the burnout evolution of caregivers and the impact of respite structures on the system. Optimal capacity of respite structures is obtained through a design of experiment. Several management strategies are also tested (collaboration between structures, reservation of beds for emergent cases). Key performance indicators considered are quality of service and costs. Results show a positive impact of respite services on both quality of service and costs. The model also show a trade-off between quality of service and costs when bed reservation policies are used.
Contributions to Motion Based Surface Design

Recent investigations on sweeping surfaces generated with help of so–called rotation minimizing frames (profile surfaces) are combined with results from classical differential and kinematic geometry in order to improve geometric design of profile surfaces. In particular, exact and approximate NURBS profile surfaces are studied and generalized to their affine counterparts. For certain motion based surface design purposes, profile surfaces do not exhibit enough flexibility. This leads us to generalized rotation minimizing frames, which turn out to be also a tool for controlling principal curvature lines on surfaces.
Release of iron by human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Retinal pigment epithelial cells, which form one aspect of the blood‐retinal barrier, take up iron in association with transferrin by a typical receptor‐mediated mechanism (Hunt et al., 1989. J. Cell Sci. 92:655–666). This iron is dissociated from transferrin in a low pH environment and uptake is sensitive to agents that inhibit endosomal acidification. The dissociated iron enters the cytoplasm as a low molecular weight (< 10 kD) component and subsequently binds to ferritin. No evidence for recycling of iron in association with transferrin was found. Nevertheless, much of the iron that is taken up is recycled to the extracellular medium, primarily from the low molecular weight pool. This release of iron is not sensitive to inhibitors of energy production or of vesicular acidification but is increased up to a maximum of about 40% of the total 55Fe incorporated when cells are incubated with serum or the medium is changed. When a short loading time for 55Fe from 55Fe‐transferrin is used (i.e., when the low molecular weight pool is proportionately larger), a much larger fraction of the cell‐associated radiolabel is released than when longer loading times are used. The data suggest that a releasble intracellular iron pool is in equilibrium with the externalized material. The released iron may be separated into a high and a low molecular weight component. The former is similar on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to ferritin although it cannot be immune precipitated by anti‐ferritin antibodies. The low molecular weight 55Fe which is heterogeneous in nature can be bound by external apo‐transferrin and may represent a form that can be taken up by cells beyond the blood‐retinal barrier. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast High-Flux Response of CdZnTe X-Ray Detectors by Optical Manipulation of Deep Level Defect Occupations

We experimentally investigate the possible correlation between high hole-trap concentrations in wide-bandgap semiconductors and delayed temporal response of high-flux x-ray detector devices to changing photon fluxes. We show that fast photo-current response can be achieved with (1) CdZnTe detectors with high hole mobility-lifetime products, (2) temperature increased detrapping, and (3) constant below-bandgap energy light illumination that modifies the dark defect occupation towards a steady-state with a reduced concentration of active hole traps. This way, the detector signal stabilizes immediately upon flux onset, independent of details of the semiconductor's point defect structure. Quasi-instantaneous response stabilization (<; 3 ms) to x-ray flux changes > 107 photons mm-2 s-1 is demonstrated.
Allergen relative abundance in several wheat varieties as revealed via a targeted quantitative approach using MS

Food allergy has become a major health issue in developed countries, therefore there is an urgent need to develop analytical methods able to detect and quantify with a good sensitivity and reliability some specific allergens in complex food matrices. In this paper, we present a targeted MS/MS approach to compare the relative abundance of the major recognized wheat allergens in the salt‐soluble (albumin/globulin) fraction of wheat grains. Twelve allergens were quantified in seven wheat varieties, selected from three Triticum species: T. aestivum (bread wheat), T. durum (durum wheat), and T. monococcum. The allergens were monitored from one or two proteotypic peptides and their relative abundance was deduced from the intensity of one fragment measured in MS/MS. Whereas the abundance of some of the targeted allergens was quite stable across the genotypes, others like alpha‐amylase inhibitors showed clear differences according to the wheat species, in accordance with the results of earlier functional studies. This study enriches the scarce knowledge available on allergens content in wheat genotypes, and brings new perspectives for food safety and plant breeding.
Ultraviolet and Infrared Diagnostics of Star Formation and Dust in NGC 7331

We present images of NGC 7331 obtained with GALEX and Spitzer, tracing UV and IR signatures of star formation. NGC 7331’s morphology at 8-850 μm is dominated by a central dust ring. This structure is a vigorous site of star formation (hosting one-third of the present activity) but remains inconspicuous in our GALEX UV imagery. Radial profile analysis and photometry for discrete UV- and UV+IR-selected substructures indicate a decline in UV extinction with increasing galactocentric distance, although highly attenuated star-forming regions can be found throughout the disk. UV-optical surface brightness profiles suggest a recent birthrate parameter (b8) that is highest in the outer part of the disk, even though the local star formation intensity peaks in the ring. Bolometric luminosity and UV attenuation are correlated in substructures on 0.4 kpc scales, with a relationship similar to that established for starburst galaxies. The distribution of substructures in L(IR)/L(FUV), Lλ(FUV)/Lλ(NUV) space suggests that the majority of the disk is best characterized by Milky Way-type dust, with the exception of sources in the star-forming ring. As found by Calzetti et al. in M51, the observed 8 and 24 μm luminosity for substructures in NGC 7331 are correlated, showing a decline in Lν(8 μm)/Lν(24 μm) with increasing luminosity. We demonstrate the dependence of Lν(8 μm)/Lν(24 μm) on the local extinction-corrected Hα surface brightness (hence current ΣSFR). A power law of slope 1.64 (1.87) accurately describes the Schmidt-law relation versus ΣH2 (Σgas) for molecular-dominated environments. The same locations show no correlation between ΣSFR and ΣH I . For atomic-dominated regions above an apparent local star formation threshold, we found a trend for increasing ΣSFR at higher ΣH I , although the Schmidt-law correlation with molecular-only surface density persists in areas dominated by atomic gas.
Beyond linear transforms: efficient non-linear dynamic adaptation for noise robust speech recognition

In this paper, we present new theory and results that combine constrained Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR), known as feature space MLLR (fMLLR), a state-of-the-art model adaptation technique, with Dynamic Noise Adaptation (DNA), a state-of-the-art noise adaptation algorithm. We explain how DNA implements a highly non-linear transform on speech model features, and why DNA is better suited for compensating for additive noise than fMLLR. Tests results are presented on the DNA + Aurora II framework, which is based upon a collection of challenging in-car noise recordings, as a function of SNR. The results demonstrate that DNA signiﬁcantly outperforms block fMLLR on additive noise, and that DNA + fMLLR outperforms the ETSI advanced front-end (AFE) system + fM-LLR by a signiﬁcant margin (over 7% absolute).
Performance evaluation based on data from code reviews

Context. Modern code review tools such as Gerrit have made available great amounts of code review data from different open source projects as well as other commercial projects. Code reviews are used to keep the quality of produced source code under control but the stored data could also be used for evaluation of the software development process.Objectives. This thesis uses machine learning methods for an approximation of review expert’s performance evaluation function. Due to limitations in the size of labelled data sample, this work uses semisupervised machine learning methods and measure their influence on the performance. In this research we propose features and also analyse their relevance to development performance evaluation.Methods. This thesis uses Radial Basis Function networks as the regression algorithm for the performance evaluation approximation and Metric Based Regularisation as the semi-supervised learning method. For the analysis of feature set and goodness of fit we use statistical tools with manual analysis.Results. The semi-supervised learning method achieved a similar accuracy to supervised versions of algorithm. The feature analysis showed that there is a significant negative correlation between the performance evaluation and three other features. A manual verification of learned models on unlabelled data achieved 73.68% accuracy. Conclusions. We have not managed to prove that the used semisupervised learning method would perform better than supervised learning methods. The analysis of the feature set suggests that the number of reviewers, the ratio of comments to the change size and the amount of code lines modified in later parts of development are relevant to performance evaluation task with high probability. The achieved accuracy of models close to 75% leads us to believe that, considering the limited size of labelled data set, our work provides a solid base for further improvements in the performance evaluation approximation.
Au-free CMOS-compatible AlGaN/GaN HEMT processing on 200 mm Si substrates

Au-free CMOS-compatible AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices have been processed on 200 mm Si substrates u sing a typical CMOS tool set. This paper addresses the challenges with respect to the AlGaN/GaN epitaxy, the processing of thick and bowed 200 mm GaN-on-Si wafers, the impact of Ga contamination on the tools, etc. An enhancement mode AlGaN/GaN MISHEMT process based on barrier recess is used as demonstrator, and yielded fully functional power devices.
Clinical and prognostic correlates of stroke subtype misdiagnosis within 12 hours from onset.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pure motor hemiparesis and sensorimotor stroke syndromes are not accurate predictors of lacunar infarct when described in the first 12 hours of stroke onset. We evaluate here whether this inaccuracy of clinical diagnosis might have influenced the planning of patient management either in routine practice or in therapeutic trials. METHODS A consecutive hospital series of 517 first-ever ischemic hemispheric stroke patients presented lacunar or nonlacunar syndromes at the first examination within 12 hours of the event. A distinction was subsequently made, by means of a CT scan or autopsy performed within 15 +/- 2 days of stroke, between patients affected by lacunar or nonlacunar infarcts. We compared stroke risk factors, considered to be indicative of potential pathogenetic mechanisms, and the clinical outcome of lacunar infarct versus nonlacunar infarct patients and those of lacunar syndrome versus nonlacunar syndrome patients. RESULTS Two hundred nineteen patients (42%) presented a lacunar syndrome and 298 (58%) a nonlacunar syndrome, while 170 (33%) had lacunar infarcts and 347 (67%) nonlacunar infarcts. Lacunar infarct patients were more frequently associated with hypertension and a previous transient ischemic attack and less frequently with atrial fibrillation when compared with their nonlacunar infarct counterparts, whereas no differences were apparent between lacunar syndrome and nonlacunar syndrome patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension and a previous transient ischemic attack on the one hand and atrial fibrillation on the other were strongly correlated with the diagnosis of lacunar infarct and nonlacunar infarct, respectively, while no risk factor was correlated with the diagnosis of lacunar syndrome. Twenty-two percent of lacunar infarct patients and 68% of nonlacunar infarct subjects had a poor outcome (death plus disability of survivors) as opposed to 40% of lacunar syndrome and 63% of nonlacunar syndrome patients. Logistic regression selected age, severity of neurological deficit at entry, cardiopathies, diabetes, and lacunar infarct, but not lacunar syndrome, as predictors of outcome. CONCLUSIONS The inaccurate clinical diagnosis of lacunar infarct made in the first 12 hours of stroke might lead to no distinction being made between stroke subgroups with potentially different pathogenetic mechanisms and prognostic estimates, thus negatively influencing the planning of patient management.
When Non-Dominant Is Better than Dominant: Kinesiotape Modulates Asymmetries in Timed Performance during a Synchronization-Continuation Task

There is a growing consensus regarding the specialization of the non-dominant limb (NDL)/hemisphere system to employ proprioceptive feedback when executing motor actions. In a wide variety of rhythmic tasks the dominant limb (DL) has advantages in speed and timing consistency over the NDL. Recently, we demonstrated that the application of Kinesio® Tex (KT) tape, an elastic therapeutic device used for treating athletic injuries, improves significantly the timing consistency of isochronous wrist’s flexion-extensions (IWFEs) of the DL. We argued that the augmented precision of IWFEs is determined by a more efficient motor control during movements due to the extra-proprioceptive effect provided by KT. In this study, we tested the effect of KT on timing precision of IWFEs performed with the DL and the NDL, and we evaluated the efficacy of KT to counteract possible timing precision difference between limbs. Young healthy subjects performed with and without KT (NKT) a synchronization-continuation task in which they first entrained IWFEs to paced auditory stimuli (synchronization phase), and subsequently continued to produce motor responses with the same temporal interval in the absence of the auditory stimulus (continuation phase). Two inter-onset intervals (IOIs) of 550-ms and 800-ms, one within and the other beyond the boundaries of the spontaneous motor tempo, were tested. Kinematics was recorded and temporal parameters were extracted and analyzed. Our results show that limb advantages in performing proficiently rhythmic movements are not side-locked but depend also on speed of movement. The application of KT significantly reduces the timing variability of IWFEs performed at 550-ms IOI. KT not only cancels the disadvantages of the NDL but also makes it even more precise than the DL without KT. The superior sensitivity of the NDL to use the extra-sensory information provided by KT is attributed to a greater competence of the NDL/hemisphere system to rely on sensory input. The findings in this study add a new piece of information to the context of motor timing literature. The performance asymmetries here demonstrated as preferred temporal environments could reflect limb differences in the choice of sensorimotor control strategies for the production of human movement.
Parametric Study of the Current–Voltage Characteristics of a 100-mbar DC Discharge in Argon: From the Diffuse Glow Discharge to the Arc Regime

The aim of this paper is to investigate the glow discharge in its diffuse and filamentary regime, and to study its transition to arc in argon at 100 mbar. The structure of the discharge is observed in correlation with its electrical signals in both static and in dynamic modes. Glow discharges were identified with a positive column that can be fully diffuse, fully filamentary, or a mix of the two with the filamentary part of the column always attached to the anode. Spontaneous transitions between glow discharges and arcs have also been observed and their dynamics are studied. Using high-speed imaging, the transition between glow and arc discharge was identified as the occurrence of two distinct phenomena: a propagation mechanism in the positive column and a constriction of the cathode root. An evaluation of the duration of each phenomenon as a function of electrode gap and current intensity was obtained. The duration of the constriction of the cathode root is found to be on the order of tens of nanoseconds and the duration of the propagation mechanism in the range 50–550 ns.
Allozyme variations in six natural populations of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Turkey

Genetic variation in six natural populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was determined with isoenzyme analyses. For this purpose, haploid female gametophytes of seeds and horizontal starch gel electrophoresis technique were used. A total of 17 loci and 58 alleles were observed in studying 10 enzyme systems. The average proportion of polymorphic loci for populations ranged from 58.8% to 70.6%. The average number of alleles per locus per population was 2.65. The mean estimated expected heterozygosity (He) of populations was 0.294. A rather high proportion of genetic diversity (96.4%) was due to within-population variation and the remaining (3.6%) was due to variation among populations. The level of gene flow (Nem) was found to be 6.69 per generation. Nei’s genetic distance coefficient ranged from 0.006 to 0.027 (mean 0.017) among all possible population pairs. The mean value of Nei’s genetic distance is similar to the values reported for other European Scots pine populations. The low mean value of Nei’s genetic distance among populations is enough to explain low interpopulation variation. According to genetic variation parameters, three out of six populations (Akdagmadeni-Yozgat, Refahiye-Erzincan and Vezirkopru-Samsun) appear to be preferable populations for genetic conservation and forest tree breeding programs.
Molecular cloning of the Escherichia coli miaA gene involved in the formation of delta 2-isopentenyl adenosine in tRNA

Escherichia coli mia strains were shown to lack delta 2-isopentenylpyrophosphate transferase activity, the first step in the synthesis of the 2-methylthio derivative of 6-(delta 2-isopentenyl) adenosine (ms2i6A). A double mutant, rpsL (Smp) miaA, was streptomycin dependent. The wild-type miaA gene was cloned by selecting for lambda recombinant bacteriophage which eliminated the streptomycin-dependent phenotype and was subsequently recloned into plasmid vectors. The cloned miaA gene restored the ms2i6A modification to tRNA. The miaA gene mapped to 95 min on the E. coli map, and we propose the order mutL-miaA-hflA-purA.
Enhanced spontaneous emission of electric dipole by nano-optical antenna

Characteristics of gold nano optical antennas in 500–900 nm are studied by FDTD method. Huge confined electric field and 4500-fold Purcell factor enhancement are obtained by surface plasmons. We find nano-ellipsoids with L/R=4 is best to enhance spontaneous emission and piecewise linearity lies between our particle length and resonant wavelength.