Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Brazilian Hereditary Cancer Network: historical aspects and challenges for clinical cancer genetics in the public health care system in Brazil

, 2010). Extrapolating these estimates to the Brazilianpopulation, 2,850 to 5,720 of the 57,120 new breast cancerand 1,630 to 3,260 of the 32,600 new colorectal tumors areexpected to be hereditary according to 2014 estimates(http://www.inca.gov.br/estimativa/2014/). During the last two decades our understanding of themolecular mechanisms of cancer has immensely increased.New technologies like new generation sequencing (NGS)and in-depth analyses of large tumor series (as the ones in-cluded in The Cancer Genome Atlas - TCGA) have identi-fied driver and associated mutations in most tumors andprovided significant insights on the molecular pathways ofthe different stages of carcinogenesis (Ciriello
Comprehensive Magnetic Properties Analysis of the Silicon Steel Considering the Laminated Direction

Comprehensive magnetic properties of the laminated silicon steels are key factors in magnetic core design, which should be measured and modeled by using a new testing method. Comparing with traditional Epstein frame and single sheet tester, a new method of three-dimensional magnetic properties measurement is used for complex magnetic properties of the laminated silicon steels. The comparison of magnetizations between the rolling or transverse direction and the laminated direction are illustrated. Both magnetic hysteresis and core loss features of the silicon steels specimen are measured and analyzed considering the laminated direction. The hysteresis loss, classical eddy current loss, and excess loss are analyzed and compared in different directions. This study can provide dynamic and comprehensive data to design and evaluate performance of electrical machines and power transformers.
Introspection of various K-Nearest Neighbor Techniques

K-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) technique is used in different application areas, as it is very simple, highly efficient and effective. Its main advantage is simplicity but the disadvantages can't be ignored. Hence many researchers proposed different forms of kNN technique under various situations. Broadly kNN techniques are categorized into structure based and non-structure based (structure less) techniques. The objective of this paper is to introspect the key idea, pros and cons and target data or application area behind every kNN technique. Principal Axix Tree (PAT), Orthogonal Structure Tree(OST) , Nearest Feature Line(NFL), Center Line (CL) ,k-d Tree, Ball Tree, Tunable NN etc. are structure based techniques whereas weighted kNN, Model based kNN, Ranked NN (RNN),Condensed NN, Reduced NN, Pseudo/Generalized NN, Clustered kNN (CkNN) , Mutual kNN ( MkNN), constrained RkNN etc. are structure less techniques developed on the basis of kNN. Structure based techniques reduces the computational complexity and structure less methods overcome the memory limitation. Hence structure based kNN techniques can be applied to small volume of data whereas Non-structure based kNN techniques can be applied to large data set.
Vasopressin 1a receptor knockout mice have a subtle olfactory deficit but normal aggression

Two receptors for vasopressin (Avp) are expressed in the brain, the Avp 1a receptor (Avpr1a) and the Avp 1b receptor (Avpr1b). To investigate the role of Avpr1a in behaviors in mice more extensively, we generated a line of mice lacking a functional Avpr1a (knockout, Avpr1a−/−). We first performed a baseline phenotypic screen of the Avpr1a knockouts followed by a more detailed analysis of their circadian rhythms and olfactory function. When free‐running in constant darkness, the Avpr1a−/− mice have a longer circadian tau than the wild types. There are also subtle olfactory deficits in Avpr1a−/− mice as measured in an olfactory habituation/dishabituation test and in the discrimination of female urine from male urine using an operant testing paradigm. An extensive body of research has shown that manipulation of the Avpr1a alters behavior, including aggression and social recognition. Therefore, we expected profound behavioral deficits in mice lacking the Avpr1a gene. Contrary to our expectations, social aggression, anxiety‐like behavior and social recognition are unaffected in this line of Avpr1a knockout mice. These data suggest either that the Avpr1a is not as critical as we thought for social behavior in mice or, more likely, that the neural circuitry underlying aggression and other social behaviors compensates for the life‐long loss of the Avpr1a. However, the olfactory deficits observed in the Avpr1a−/− mice suggest that Avp and Avpr1a drugs may affect behavior, in part, by modulation of chemosensory systems.
Socioeconomic Status and Reduced Kidney Function in the Whitehall II Study: Role of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Background Previous US-based studies have found that chronic kidney disease (CKD) disproportionately affects those of more adverse social circumstances. Our aim was to show the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and decreased kidney function in a European context and explore the role of obesity and metabolic syndrome. We consider the potential confounding effect of lean muscle mass. Study Design Cross-sectional. Setting & Participants White participants in the follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort: UK-based European population (age, 55-79 years; n = 5,533), of whom 4,066 men (73%) and 1,467 women (27%) with complete data were analyzed. Predictors Self-reported occupational grade/salary range. Outcomes Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the CKD-EPI (CKD Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. Measurements Body mass index (BMI), serum lipid levels, blood pressure, Tanita TBF-300 body composition analyzer, impedance-derived lean mass index (LMI). Results Participants in a lower compared with higher occupational grade were at increased odds of having decreased GFR (age- and sex-adjusted OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.12-1.53; P = 0.001). Socioeconomic disparity in LMI was evident in women, but not men. After further adjustment for BMI and components of metabolic syndrome, the odds of decreased GFR in whites with a lower compared with higher occupational grade was attenuated by 23.3% (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.45; P = 0.008). Adjustment for LMI explained 15% of the association between SES and estimated GFR. Limitations Cross-sectional design, missing data for subset of participants, no urinary data. Conclusions BMI and components of metabolic syndrome may explain up to a quarter of the association between low SES and decreased GFR, suggesting potential modifiable factors.
Essential Category Weight

Everybody’s favorite theorem on Lusternik-Schnirelmann category is Eilenberg’s cup product theorem: if there is a nonzeroN-fold cup product in h̃∗(X), then cat(X) > N . Unfortunately, this theorem often fails to detect the full category of a space X; this is the case, for example, when X is a lens space Lp (with p odd) or X = Sp(n). In [4], Fadell and Husseini introduced the concept of the category weight of a cohomology class, written cwgt(u). The key properties of category weight were that 1 ≤ cwgt(u) < cat(X), and that cwgt(u1 · · ·un) ≥ ∑ cwgt(ui). Thus, Eilenberg’s theorem follows as the trivial case of the product formula, and much better lower bounds on cat(X) are made possible. One of the main theorems of [4] shows the effect of cohomology operations on category weight. As a consequence, they show that there are indecomposable classes with cwgt(u) > 1. In this paper, we generalize category weight to arbitrary maps f : X−→Y , and expand the results of [4] and [11]. We also observe in the first two sections that cwgt(f) (or cwgt(u)) is not a satisfactory concept in one important respect: it can be altered dramatically by composition with a homotopy equivalence. This makes cwgt(f) very difficult to compute. We introduce a new concept, the essential category weight of a map f : X−→Y (E(f)) which also satisfies 1 ≤ E(f) < cat(X) and a product formula, and which is preserved by homotopy equivalences. This paper is the beginning of a theory of (essential) category weight. This theory unifies and strengthens previous results on Lusternik-Schnirelmann category and leads to new theorems. The main results of the general theory are Theorem 3.7 and Theorem 5.1. Theorem 3.7 is extremely important when considering the effect of cohomology operations. Theorem 3.7 If f : X−→Y and g : Y−→Z, then cwgt(g ◦ f) ≥ E(g) · cwgt(f),
Cytotoxicity and DNA strand breaks by 5-iminodaunorubicin in mouse leukemia L1210 cells: comparison with adriamycin and 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide.

The effects upon cellular DNA and cytotoxicity produced by the anthracyclines 5-iminodaunorubicin and Adriamycin were studied in mouse leukemia L1210 cells. 5-Iminodaunorubicin produced protein-concealed DNA strand breaks as measured by alkaline elution as had other intercalators including Adriamycin. 5-Iminodaunorubicin produced DNA breaks more efficiently than did Adriamycin despite a lower potency for free radical formation. Many of the 5-iminodaunorubicin breaks measured in this assay may arise from apposed single-strand breaks (i.e., double-strand breaks). 5-Iminodaunorubicin produced breaks which disappeared within 1 to 2 hr following drug removal and were in this way similar to the breaks produced by the acridine intercalator 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide. Adriamycin produced more persistent breaks. Despite similarities in the kinetics of break disappearance, 5-iminodaunorubicin produced greater cytotoxicity than did 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide when compared at doses producing equal single-strand or double-strand breaks. Differences in the ratio of single-strand breaks to double-strand breaks and the associated cytotoxicity for 5-iminodaunorubicin and 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide indicate that a different mechanism is probably involved in the DNA break production by each agent. Differences between the cytotoxicity associated with the DNA break production by two agents with similar break disappearance kinetics indicate that intercalator-induced DNA breaks cannot be a uniformly lethal DNA lesion.
Waterborne Escherichia coli O157

The waterborne route of Vero cytotoxin‐producing E. coli (VTEC) O157 infection was first suggested in two unconnected human cases in 1985. Since then, waterborne VTEC O157 has been identified in sporadic cases and in outbreaks of illness. Recreational waters, private and municipal supplies have been implicated from microbiological, environmental and epidemiological studies of cases. In addition, a research cohort study of farm workers identified exposure to private water supplies as a risk factor for having antibodies to E. coli O157. Sources of contamination are thought to be animal and human faeces or sewage. The presence of low numbers of target organisms in water makes microbiological confirmation difficult, therefore epidemiological evidence has been essential in outbreak investigations. Despite the potential for contamination of water with VTEC O157, waterborne infection is relatively rare largely due to the susceptibility of the organism to water treatment processes. This paper presents the evidence for waterborne VTEC O157 infection, considering current microbiological, environmental and particularly epidemiological information.
Skill Mismatch and Structural Unemployment ∗

I build a model in which structural change creates a mismatch between the skill requirements in the available jobs and workers’ current skills. When the mismatch is severe, labor markets go through a prolonged adjustment process wherein job creation is low and unemployment is high. Due to matching frictions, firms find it harder to locate workers with the requisite skills for novel jobs and they respond by creating fewer jobs. The paucity of novel jobs increases unemployment for all workers—including those who already hold the requisite skills—and discourages skill acquisition by workers. Moreover, structural change interacts with the business cycle, causing a large and longlasting increase in unemployment that concentrates in recessions. I demonstrate that the decline in routine-cognitive jobs outside manufacturing—a pervasive structural change that has affected U.S. labor markets since the late 90s—created a skill mismatch that contributed to the long-lasting increase in unemployment observed during the Great Recession. My evidence suggests that the amplification effects introduced by matching frictions are important. Moreover, I find that the skill mismatch has a larger effect during recessions and in labor markets where the demand for goods and services is depressed.
Mass cultivation of various algal species and their evaluation as a potential candidate for lipid production

Microalgae have been proposed as a promising source for biodiesel production. Focusing on algal strains for biodiesel production, efforts should be made to search new strains. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of growth parameters (nutrients, pH, light, aeration and temperature) and the oil percentage of eight algal strains (Chlorella sp., Cladophora sp., Hydrodictylium sp., Oedogonium sp., Oscillatoria sp., Spirogyra sp., Stigeocolonium sp., Ulothrix sp.). Results show that 6.5–7.5 is the optimum pH for the growth of all algal species. Temperature showed a greater variation (25°40°C). Ulothrix sp. gave more biomass productivity and is the most suitable strain for biodiesel production due to higher oil percentage (62%). Least biomass production was observed for Stigeocolonium sp. and least oil content was obtained from Hydrodictylium sp. It was observed that among these eight algal strains for biodiesel production, Ulothrix and Chlorella are the most promising algae species.
Influence of cardiac nerve status on cardiovascular regulation and cardioprotection

Neural elements of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system transduce sensory inputs from the heart, blood vessels and other organs to ensure adequate cardiac function on a beat-to-beat basis. This inter-organ crosstalk is critical for normal function of the heart and other organs; derangements within the nervous system hierarchy contribute to pathogenesis of organ dysfunction. The role of intact cardiac nerves in development of, as well as protection against, ischemic injury is of current interest since it may involve recruitment of intrinsic cardiac ganglia. For instance, ischemic conditioning, a novel protection strategy against organ injury, and in particular remote conditioning, is likely mediated by activation of neural pathways or by endogenous cytoprotective blood-borne substances that stimulate different signalling pathways. This discovery reinforces the concept that inter-organ communication, and maintenance thereof, is key. As such, greater understanding of mechanisms and elucidation of treatment strategies is imperative to improve clinical outcomes particularly in patients with comorbidities. For instance, autonomic imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system regulation can initiate cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy that compromises cardiac stability and function. Neuromodulation therapies that directly target the intrinsic cardiac nervous system or other elements of the nervous system hierarchy are currently being investigated for treatment of different maladies in animal and human studies.
ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN GROUND WATER, USING WITH GIS TECHNIQUE - A CASE STUDY OF EAST COAST FROM BAMBAN TO THIRUVANMIYUR IN TAMILNADU, INDIA.

The present study aims at the spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination in east coastal area, Tamilnadu, India using interpolation techniques in geographical information system. This paper assesses the groundwater quality with respect to heavy metal contamination and its effect in east coastal region. Ground water samples were collected during post monsoon (Jan), summer (May) and pre monsoon seasons (Aug) in the year-2011 from both open and dug wells in the study area of 771km and analyzed for eight trace elements such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn, As and Hg results observed in most of the places the concentrations of heavy metals were above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) recommendations of WHO except Zn, Cu, As, Cr and Hg. Therefore, more places were not suitable for drinking purpose in man. The spatial variation maps deciphering different zones of heavy metal concentration in the ground water were generated in a GIS (geographic information system) based environment using ArcGIS 9.3. 1. The results reveal that heavy metal contamination in the area is mainly due to anthropogenic activities.
Selection diversity combining with multiple antennas for MM-wave indoor wireless channels

Presents predetection and postdetection combining schemes for selection diversity reception with multiple antennas for MM-wave indoor radio channels. For those combining schemes, a reduction in complexity is achieved by limiting the number of combined signals to small values and by increasing the number of received signals. Bit error rate (BER) performance of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) with predetection combining of selected signals (CSS) and BER performance of differential BPSK with postdetection CSS are analyzed for slow fading and Rayleigh-distributed envelope statistics. Predetection maximal ratio combining of signals that comes from a single group or several groups of diversity channels as well as postdetection combining of received signals for groups of channels are considered. In comparing predetection combining with groups (PCG) and predetection combining of the best signals (PCB), we observe that the required SNR for achieving a certain BER is approximatively the same (with PCG having a slight advantage of 0.5 dB) for a given number, N, of diversity channels and L combined signals. Furthermore. PCG is equivalent to PCB for L=N since both techniques then correspond to conventional predetection maximal ratio combining (MRC), PCG and PCB are also equivalent when L=1 as both schemes then correspond to conventional selection combining. A small degradation of approximately 2 dB in the required SNR is observed when postdetection diversity reception with groups (PDG) is used instead of PCG. For L=N, PDG reduces to post detection MRC. The PDG technique is considered more suitable than PCB or PCG for MM-indoor wireless systems.
Inhibition of GABAB Receptor Binding by Guanyl Nucleotides

Abstract: GTP and GDP decreased the saturable binding of [3H]baclofen or [3H]γ‐aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) to GABAB but not GABAA receptors whereas GMP displayed negligible activity. This effect was specific to guanyl nucleotides and was not mimicked by high concentrations of ATP. The inhibition of ligand binding was the result of a diminished receptor affinity with no change in receptor number. The use of a complete physiological saline solution rather than Tris buffer plus Ca2+ or Mg2+ increased the potency of GTP at the GABAB receptor. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of GABA and GTP on adenylate cyclase activity in the brain.
Spatial and Functional Heterogeneity of Sphingolipid-rich Membrane Domains*

Little is known about the organization of lipids in biomembranes. Lipid rafts are defined as sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich clusters in the membrane. Details of the lipid distribution of lipid rafts are not well characterized mainly because of a lack of appropriate probes. Ganglioside GM1-specific protein, cholera toxin, has long been the only lipid probe of lipid rafts. Recently it was shown that earthworm toxin, lysenin, specifically recognizes sphingomyelin-rich membrane domains. Binding of lysenin to sphingomyelin is accompanied by the oligomerization of the toxin that leads to pore formation in the target membrane. In this study, we generated a truncated lysenin mutant that does not oligomerize and thus is non-toxic. Using this mutant lysenin, we showed that plasma membrane sphingomyelin-rich domains are spatially distinct from ganglioside GM1-rich membrane domains in Jurkat T cells. Like T cell receptor activation and cross-linking of GM1, cross-linking of sphingomyelin induced calcium influx and ERK phosphorylation in the cell. However, unlike CD3 or GM1, cross-linking of sphingomyelin did not induce significant protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Combination of lysenin and sphingomyelinase treatment suggested the involvement of G-protein-coupled receptor in sphingomyelin-mediated signal transduction. These results thus suggest that the sphingomyelin-rich domain provides a functional signal cascade platform that is distinct from those provided by T cell receptor or GM1. Our study therefore elucidates the spatial and functional heterogeneity of lipid rafts.
Association of hypertension with depression and generalized anxiety symptoms in a large population-based sample of older adults

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association of hypertension and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety in a large cohort of elderly people. Methods: Data were derived from the 8-year follow-up (2008–2010) of the epidemiological ESTHER-cohort study. A total of 3124 randomly chosen participants aged 57–84 were visited at their homes by trained study doctors. General practitioner based diagnosis, self-reported status of hypertension, medication, and blood pressure measurement were considered to define the existence of hypertension. Depression and general anxiety severity were assessed using validated questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine cross-sectional associations between hypertension and clinically significant symptoms of depression (CSD) and generalized anxiety. Well known lifestyle risk factors for hypertension such as obesity were included in multivariate cross-sectional analyses. Results: Hypertension was prevalent in 1659 participants [53.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (51.3; 54.9)]. CSD was detected in 163 participants [5.2%; 95%-CI = (4.4; 6.0)]. Symptoms of generalized anxiety were found in 434 participants [13.9%; 95%-CI = (12.7; 15.1)]. Patients with CSD showed significantly higher odds of being hypertensive [odds ratio (OR) = 1.76; 95%-CI = (1.14; 2.74)]. Participants with symptoms of generalized anxiety were found to have no higher odds for a hypertension diagnosis [OR = 1.1; 95%-CI = (0.85; 1.44)]. Overweight [OR = 1.86; 95%-CI = (1.53; 2.25)] as well as obesity [OR = 3.58; 95%-CI = (2.84; 4.52)] was significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: CSD appear to be related to hypertension in elderly adults. No association was found between symptoms of generalized anxiety and hypertension.
Cognitive Task Performance in Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments

This study investigated the impact of technology-generated listening environments upon processing of cognitive information. The main question asked was: To what extent does background sound impact accuracy on a cognitive task? A total of 217 museum-goers (127 f, 90 m) completed a language categorization task in four different listening environments: rain sounds, fast music, calm music, and silence. Overall, task scores during the four listening conditions were similar, with male scores stronger than female in every condition. Significant differences were seen between children ages 7-12 and teenage and adult groups, and between young adults and adults over 60 years. Strong, but not significant, differences were noted between older teenagers (16 to 19 years) and the youngest adults (20 to 30 years). In addition, strong correlations were seen between the four sound conditions and personal media usage, as well as between sound conditions and years of musical training. Findings support the duplex-mechanism theory (Hughes, Vachon, & Jones, 2007), and suggest that the ability to screen out irrelevant sounds may be more controllable through greater top-down task engagement.