Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis of Arginine-vasopressin with Amide Side-chain of Asparagine Protected with 1-Tetralinyl Group

Arginine-vasopressin, a nonapeptide amide, was synthesized on a benzhydryl-resin using the Boc-strategy. Benzyl group was used in the protection of sulfhydryl group of cysteine and tyrosine side-chain. Benzhydryl, tetralinyl and tosyl groups were used in the protection of glutamine, asparagine and arginine side-chains respectively. TFMSA-TFA-thioanisole-1,2-ethanedithiol (2:20:2:1 v/v) was used to cleave the peptide from the resin under different conditions to obtain arginine-vasopressin in a one-pot reaction. The cleavage at 40°C for two hours gave arginine-vasopressin quantitatively (77% yield) Keywords : Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis, resin, protecting group, cleavage, nonapeptide
The 2003 CAP reform: Do decoupled payments affect agricultural production?

The move from coupled payment policy instruments to payments that are decoupled from production have made estimating future trends in agricultural output much more challenging. Using a dynamic multi product partial equilibrium model, the overall aim of this paper is to examine the potential supply inducing effect of decoupled payments. This issue is important in the context of WTO negotiations, and, in particular, in discussions surrounding the appropriateness of decoupled payments being included as a ‘green box’ policy. The results suggest that farm operators, to a large extent, do not treat these payments as fully decoupled and they do in fact maintain a strong supply inducing effect on agricultural production. Findings suggest, however, that this trade distorting effect is less than previously coupled payments.
Comparison of local scale measured and modelled brightness temperatures and snow parameters from the CLPX 2003 by means of a dense medium radiative transfer theory model

Some 27 years of passive microwave satellite observations have demonstrated the value of remote sensing for cryospheric applications, albeit at regional to hemispheric scales due to the relatively large sensor footprints (e.g. ∼25 km × 25 km for the advanced microwave scanning radiometer). At the other extreme there is the primarily local‐scale in situ experience of the snow community. Until higher‐resolution sensors become available, understanding the effects of sub‐pixel heterogeneity and the downscaling of observations remains an important topic.
Analysis and Visualization of Marketing, Statistical and Macroeconomic Data With GIS

The most common way to analyze economics data is to use statistics software and spreadsheets.The paper presents opportunities of modern Geographical Information System (GIS) for analysis of marketing, statistical, and macroeconomic data. It considers existing tools and models and their applications in various sectors. The advantage is that the statistical data could be combined with geographic views, maps and also additional data derived from the GIS. As a result, a programming system is developed, using GIS for analysis of marketing, statistical, macroeconomic data, and risk assessment in real time and prevention. The system has been successfully implemented as web-based software application designed for use with a variety of hardware platforms (mobile devices, laptops, and desktop computers). The software is mainly written in the programming language Python, which offers a better structure and supports for the development of large applications. Optimization of the analysis, visualization of macroeconomic, and statistical data by region for different business research are achieved. The system is designed with Geographical Information System for settlements in their respective countries and regions. Information system integration with external software packages for statistical calculations and analysis is implemented in order to share data analyzing, processing, and forecasting. Technologies and processes for loading data from different sources and tools for data analysis are developed. The successfully developed system allows implementation of qualitative data analysis.
Recent patents related to malaria vaccine formulation

There have been many studies on malaria vaccine production, among which the molecular vaccines are of great interest. Focusing on the development of malaria molecular vaccine, apart from the molecular aspects of antigen design and adjuvant advancement, the vaccine delivery systems is an important topic of discussion. Indeed, the key to success for any molecular-based therapy is the design of a safe vector with an efficient delivery system. Suitable approaches include the development of non-viral DNA-mediated gene-transfer techniques, such as the use of liposomes, virosomes, microspheres and nanoparticles. A stable carrier system for the development of antimalaria vaccines is still required. 9 Some live bacteria and viral vectors have proved to hold special promise for malaria vaccine delivery. Various antigen-delivery systems, particularly viral vectors, are presently in use as new malaria vaccine delivery systems.
Indirect Estimation of Yield-Price Elasticities

While it is most common to estimate yield-price responses directly by regressing yields on prices, they may also be estimated indirectly by estimating fertilizer use elasticities and using basic optimization theory to derive yield-price elasticities. Indirect estimation has a practical advantage in terms of precision, for unpredictable weather variation makes yields a noisy measure of farmer’s endogenous input use decisions. Indirect estimation suggests that yield-price elasticities are unlikely to be larger than . 04 for US corn, . 11 for soybeans, and . 13 for wheat. Because indirect estimation delivers considerably smaller standard errors than direct estimation, these upper bounds are much tighter than existing estimates.
Design and Development of an Ultralow Optical Loss Mirror Coating for Zerodur Substrate

A high reflectance mirror, which has very low absorption and scattering loss, was coated onto a crystalline substrate by ion beam sputtering and then annealed at 45055 °C. We carefully selected the mirror coating material, and designed the high reflectance mirror, in order to avoid UV degradation which comes from the He-Ne plasma. We measured the surface roughness of the Zerodur substrate using phase shift interferometry and atomic force microscopy, and compared it with the TIS scattering of the mirror. The cavity ring-down method was used to measure the absorption of the mirror, and the thin film structure was correlated to its results. We also compared the optical properties of coated mirrors before and after annealing.
A Follow-up Study on Smart Divide Issues in Korean Rural Area

4)Digital divide commonly means the gap among diverse stakeholders, businesses, physical areas, and individual people in terms of opportunities, accessibilities, and usabilities (Acılar, 2011). Lee and Park (2011) and Barzilai-Nahon (2006) suggested that the digital divide issues should be considered as an important public issue because proper public response may enhance or reduce the information gaps by the digital divide. This study is a follow-up study of the study of Lee and Park. This study’s main aim is to clarify the changes of the digital divide in the rural areas during five years and to find out meaningful factors to reduce the gaps between the rural area and urban area. To achieve the research aim, this study analyzes the public data by ITSTAT and previous studies on the digital divide. Also this study follows the system thinking approach to model the causal relationships among diverse factors on the digital divide. With the results, this study suggests that the factors to measure the digital divide should be re-designed including smartphone penetration and accessibilities. Especially, current digital divide scoring factors should be considered in the way of social welfare.
Sulfate geoengineering: a review of the factors controlling the needed injection of sulfur dioxide

Abstract. Sulfate geoengineering has been proposed as an affordable and climate-effective means to temporarily offset the warming produced by the increase of well-mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs). This technique would likely have to be applied while and after global intergovernmental measures on emissions of WMGHGs are implemented in order to achieve surface temperature stabilization. The direct radiative effects of sulfur injection in the tropical lower stratosphere can be summarized as increasing shortwave scattering with consequent tropospheric cooling and increasing longwave absorption with stratospheric warming. Indirect radiative effects are related to induced changes in the ozone distribution; stratospheric water vapor abundance,;formation and size of upper-tropospheric cirrus ice particles; and lifetime of long-lived species, namely CH4 in connection with OH changes through several photochemical mechanisms. Direct and indirect effects of sulfate geoengineering both concur to determine the atmospheric response. A review of previous studies on these effects is presented here, with an outline of the important factors that control the amount of sulfur dioxide to be injected in an eventual realization of the experiment. However, we need to take into account that atmospheric models used for these studies have shown a wide range of climate sensitivity and differences in the response to stratospheric volcanic aerosols. In addition, large uncertainties exist in the estimate of some of these aerosol effects.
Remarks on the renormalization of primordial cosmological perturbations

(Dated: August 3, 2011)We brieﬂy review the need to perform renormalization of inﬂationary perturbations to properlywork out the physical power spectra. We also summarize the basis of (momentum-space) renormal-ization in curved spacetime and address several misconceptions found in recent literature on thissubject.
Service quality and satisfaction: an international comparison of professional services perceptions

Purpose – This study aims to examine the applicability of key measures of service quality and customer satisfaction in a cross‐cultural setting, first establishing measurement equivalence and then investigating the impact of culture on these measures.Design/methodology/approach – Using scenarios involving a visit to the dentist's office, respondents from Germany, Japan, and the USA participated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment in which the authors manipulated both expectations (low/high) and service performance (low/high). Findings – Regardless of expectations, when performance was low, the low‐context respondents (USA and Germany) perceived lower quality than did the respondents from the high‐context country (Japan), but gave higher quality ratings than did the Japanese respondents when the performance was high.Practical implications – The findings of this study highlight the necessity of considering culture when interpreting customer satisfaction ratings.Originality/value – This research adds credence to .
Toxic Nitro Compounds in in Argentina

Thiiy species of Astragahs from Argentina were analyzed for toxic aliphatic nitro compounds. Twenty-seven species, including 7 species known to poison livestock, synthesized nitro compounds that hydrolyxed to highly toxic b-nitro-1-propanol (3-NPOH). Nitro compounds in Astragduspahae (Phil.) Reiche hydrolyzed to both 3-NPOH and fnitropropionic acid (INPA). Astragahu pahae is the only species of Astragalus so far examined that synthesized both compounds. Analyses of leaves of the 30 species for cyanogenic glycosides were negative. Species of Astragalus from Argentina that synthesize nitro compounds should not be introduced into the United States hecause of their potential hazard to livestock.
Factors affecting milk consumption pattern in Southern Anatolian Region: An application of a two-stage econometric model

Milk is a rich source of minerals such as calcium, potassium, sodium, phosphor, vitamins, and other nutrients. Milk and its products are important intake for human development in early and late ages. Daily requirement of calcium is about 1200 mg for breasting moms and children while this requirement for adults in general is about 800 mg. The daily calcium intake without milk and its products can not exceed 300 mg (METIN, 2001). In recent years the popularity of soft drinks rose whereas milk consumption declined in western countries and a significant proportion of US children and especially adolescents fails to meet the recommended level of calcium intake which is primarily source of milk (YEN and LIN, 2002). Daily higher intake of calcium during 1–25 years and early adulthood strengthens peak bone mass and teeth structures and delays the onset of bones fracture as known osteoporosis seen in females later in life (USDHHS, 1988). It has also been cited that the improved dietary intake save in $ 5.1 billion and $ 10.7 billion each year in US in medical care costs and premature deaths associated with osteoporosis-related hip fractures (BAREFIELD, 1996). Last few decades, a rapid population growth due in fact to irrigation system built in 1994 was observed in Southern Anatolian Region (SAR). A higher population movement of migration took place in Sanliurfa Province where the major irrigation system located in is of importance. The urban population was around 550 thousand in 1990 and this number was estimated to be 840 thousand in 2000 approximately 4.2 % growth rate per year (TURKISH STATE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, 2003). Assuming the accumulated growth rate, the current population may be around one million in the city. A rapid population growth brought
New GGNMOS I/O Cell Array for Improved Electrical Overstress Robustness

A 0.18-μm 3.3 V grounded-gate NMOS (GGNMOS) I/O cell array for timing controller (TCON) application is proposed for improving electrical overstress (EOS) robustness. The improved cell array consists of 20 GGNMOS, 4 inserted well taps, 2 end-well taps and shallow trench isolation (STI). Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation results show that the inserted well taps and extended drain contact gate spacing (DCGS) is effective in preventing EOS failure, e.g. local burnout. Thermodynamic models for device simulation enable us to obtain lattice temperature distributions inside the cells. The peak value of the maximum lattice temperature in the improved GGNMOS cell array is lower than that in a conventional GGNMOS cell array. The inserted well taps also improve the uniformity of turn-on of GGNMOS cells. EOS test results show the validity of the simulation results on improvement of EOS robustness of the new GGNMOS I/O cell array.
Effect of Diazinon on Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Activities in Plasma and Organs of Clarias gariepinus

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the pesticide, diazinon, on phosphatases in the plasma and organs on Clarias gariepinus. Adult Clarias gariepinus were exposed in four replicates to varying sublethal concentrations diazinon (ranging from 1.00 to 10.0 mg/L) in 30-day semi-static bioassays. Alkaline phoshatase (ALP) and acid phosphate (ACP) were determined in plasma and other organs (gastrointestinal tract - GIT, kidney, muscle, gill and liver) of the fish after the experimental exposures. Dizinon did not cause any statistically significant difference on plasma ALP over the concentrations tested (p>0.05), but ACP showed significantly higher mean value at 10 mg/L compared to the control. ALP and ACP values in all the organs (GIT, intestinal tract, kidney, muscle, gill, liver) decreased with increasing concentration of diazion. This indicates an evidence of inhibition of these enzymes in the organs by the toxicant, and therefore alteration of biochemical processes in C. gariepinus which can be used as bio-indicators of the effects of diazinon in the Niger Delta environment.
Comparing Some Models for Predicting the Density of Liquid Mixtures

The Mchaweh–Nasrifar-Mashfeghian, Hankinson Thomson, Yamada Gunn and Reid et al. models were used to estimate the liquid density of the binary mixtures methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) + (n-hexane, nheptane, benzene and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA)) at the range 288.15-313.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole concentration range. All the four theoretical models studied in this work predict with accuracy the liquid density of pure compounds. The Mchaweh–Nasrifar-Mashfeghian model gave the best results for all mixtures, and Yamada Gunn correlation with the mixing rules proposed in this work gave also accurate results only for MTBE+(n-hexane, n-heptane and benzene).
Effectiveness of self-compassion focused therapy on reducing self-harm behaviors in juvenile offenders of Tehran Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center

Introduction Compassion-focused therapy was developed to aid individuals with high levels of shame and self-criticism Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental study having pretest-posttest-follow-up (PPF) designs with control group. Statistical society of this research included all juvenile delinquents with self-harming behaviors resided in Tehran Correction and Rehabilitation Center in 2016. 44 self-harming juveniles (24 in experimental group and 20 in control group) constituted the studied sample. The Inventory of statements about Self-Injury, Klonsky and Glenn, (2009), was used for data collection in pretest, posttest and follow-up stage. After the pretest, the experimental group was treated using compassion focused therapy (CFT); this treatment program was held in eight 90-mintue sessions twice per week. Due to the drop in subjects,13 of the experimental group and 9 of the control group completed the questionnaire in follow-up stage). In order to analyze the data, covariance analysis was used in addition to descriptive statistical methods. Results: The results of this research showed that CFT has been effective on reducing self-harming behaviors of delinquent juveniles in follow-up stage (p=0.001< 1&19, F =5.84). Conclusion: with respect to the effectiveness of the compassion-focused therapy at the follow-up phase in this study, as well as the effect of self-compassion practices over time (accumulation effect), it seems that the compassion-focused therapy has been effective in learning to regulate negative emotions and as a result, breaking the subjects’ resistance against the fear of compassion. Declaration of Interest: None.
Pattern of diffusion of the UNE 166002 innovation management standard: an exploratory analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the diffusion of the UNE 166002 innovation management standard in Spain for first time. Using data provided by most of the accredited organizations, the evolution of the diffusion of the UNE 166002 standard from 2002 to 2011 is studied. The results show that the diffusion of UNE 166002 follows a logistic curve in S shape. The current stage of diffusion it is in the expansion stage (in terms of initial stage, expansion stage, and saturation stage). According the available data at the end of 2011, the market would not be saturated until 2021. The findings of the present study should be of interest to all institutions and organizations involved with this type of certification—including accreditation organizations, certifying bodies, and business consultants specializing in the implementation of the UNE 166002 standards.
Efficiency, Equality, and Labeling: An Experimental Investigation of Focal Points in Explicit Bargaining †

We investigate Schelling's hypothesis that payoff-irrelevant labels ("cues") can influence the outcomes of bargaining games with communication. In our experimental games, players negotiate over the division of a surplus by claiming valuable objects that have payoff-irrelevant spatial locations. Negotiation occurs in continuous time, constrained by a deadline. In some games, spatial cues are opposed to principles of equality or efficiency. We find a strong tendency for players to agree on efficient and minimally unequal payoff divisions, even if spatial cues suggest otherwise. But if there are two such divisions, cues are often used to select between them, inducing distributional effects.
Do large seston particles contribute to the diet of the bivalve Cerastoderma edule

The vertical distribution of suspended cellulose particles in the size range 60 to 500 µm was studied with artificial bivalve siphons in flume flow for a range of flow speeds and degrees of bed roughness. Significant vertical concentration gradients with an increase in particle concentration of 200 to 300% compared with their near-bed values were found for some combinations of flow speed and particle size in a 6 cm layer above the bed, which was an effect of flow velocity. In a second series of experiments, artificial siphons were replaced by the infaunal bivalve Cerastoderma edule (L.), and filtration was studied for large particles (60 to 500 µm). Corresponding experiments in a static system were also performed. C. edule readily ingested particles up to a maximum size of ca. 500 µm, and cal- culations of clearance for sizes between 60 and 300 µm were in the range of 0.5 to 3 l h -1 g -1 dry weight, which is close to rates measured for microflagellates. Field studies on large particles in the near-bed layer (0 to 10 cm) show that this fraction contributes significantly to total seston. It is con- cluded that large particles like plant detritus, benthic diatoms and invertebrate larvae may accumu- late in the near-bed layer and form a significant food source for benthic bivalves.
Molecular Simulation of Hydrogen Storage in Ion-Exchanged X Zeolites

Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method was employed to simulate the adsorption properties of molecular hydrogen on ion-exchanged X zeolites at 100–293 K and pressures up to 10 MPa in this paper. The effect of cation type, temperature, and pressure on hydrogen adsorption capacity, heat of adsorption, adsorption sites, and adsorption potential energy of ion-exchanged X zeolites was analyzed. The results indicate that the hydrogen adsorption capacity increases with the decrease in temperatures and the increase in pressures and decreases in the order of . The isosteric heat of adsorption for all the three zeolites decreases appreciably with the increase in hydrogen adsorption capacity. The hydrogen adsorption sites in the three zeolites were determined by the simulated distribution of hydrogen adsorption energy and the factors that influence their variations were discussed. Adsorption temperature has an important effect on the distribution of hydrogen molecules in zeolite pores.
Loudspeaker arrays for transaural reproduction

Transaural rendering allows for the reproduction of binaural audio material without the need of wearing headphones. This is achieved by the use of cross talk cancellation systems, which are generally implemented with stereo loudspeaker pairs. The robustness and quality of the crosstalk cancellation depends on the frequency of the reproduced sound and on the source span of the stereo set up. As this limits the frequency bandwidth where effective crosstalk cancellation can be achieved, nested stereo systems with different source spans have been proposed as a method to enhance the bandwidth of the crosstalk cancellation. This technique is compared in this paper to a linear loudspeaker array of 16 uniformly sources used as a crosstalk cancellation system. The performance of the uniform array is first compared to that of a nested stereo array by means of off-line simulations. The robustness of the crosstalk cancellation is analysed with respect to room reflections and reverberation. This effect is also studied by investigating the total acoustic energy produced by the linear array, in comparison with that produced by the nested stereo array