Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE STOCK MARKET RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURKEY AND THE UNITED STATES UNDER UNIONISATION

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamic relationship and volatility spillover between the stock markets in Turkey and the United States under the conditions for Turkey's accession to the European Union. This study uses bivariate cointegration, ECM, CGARCH and threshold cointegration for daily data spanning from 1988 to 2008. The presence of nonlinear error correction terms is evaluated using threshold cointegration. Our empirical findings indicate that (a) there were strong dynamic linkages between the Istanbul Stock Exchange and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (NASDAQ) after the Custom Union Agreement between Turkey and the European Union was signed, (b) threshold and negative error correction effects exist during the full sample period and (c) significant volatility spillovers exist from NASDAQ to the Istanbul Stock Exchange for the full sample period.
Selection for fast growth during the larval life of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua on the Scotian shelf

We tested the hypothesis that fast growing Atlantic cod Gadus morhua survived better than their population of orlgin in the winters of 1991-1992 and 1992-1993 on the Scotian Shelf (northwest Atlantic). Survivors were defined as fish >90 d of age at capture which comprised eplbenthic juveniles >20 mm sampled mainly near the bottom. The majority of larvae and juveniles aged 590 d at capture were sampled with a midwater trawl and were assumed to be representative of the pelagic population (survivors + non-survivors) from which epibenthic survivors originated. Standard length corrected for shrinkage was linearly correlated to lapillar radius (r2 = 0.97). lndividual growth histories were reconstructed from the width of lapillar increments. Selection for fast growth was weak in the winter of 1991-1992 and back-calculated growth and length a t age of survivors were not significantly larger than that of the population (repeated-measures MANOVA). In winter 1992-1993, a strong selection for fast growth was evident in late larvae 41 to 80 d old. The divergence in length a t age between survivors and the population reached 4 mm at an age of 70 d , corresponding to a 13 d reduction in the duration of the larval phase. Survivors in the winter of 1992-1993 had larger hatch marks than the population, suggesting that the potential for fast growth may be reflected in traits present at hatching. Our results support the hypothc.sis that fast growth increases the surv~vorship of Atlantic cod dunng larval 11fe in the plankton and Indicate that the intensity of slze-selective mortality may vary considerably from year to year.
The Upland Plover in Southwestern Yukon Territory

Report of an intensive study (made in July-Aug. 1950) of this plover, Bertramia longicauda on a breeding ground along the Duke River (tributary of the Kluane): notes of the area and its vegetation ; the feeding behaviour of the young; production and mortality; territory, home, range, movements, and departure from breeding grounds; observations on plover in other Yukon areas. Bibliography (15 items).
An Analysis of the Key Success Factors for Lean Supply Management: A Case Study of Unilever's Tea Supply Chain in Africa

To achieve leanness in the supply chain, supply managers must of necessity embrace a set of key success factors which when fully operationalised and supported in an organisation underlie the realisation of optimal inventories, low supply costs and the shortest lead times. This study examined this phenomenon in the case of Unilever’s tea supply operations in Africa. The specific objectives were to determine the extent of adoption of lean supply management practices at Unilever’s tea supply chain in Africa and to identify barriers to the realisation of a more efficient supply operation within the organisation's tea supply system in the region. The author adopted a framework that defined a supply chain at four levels, namely: the upstream, the focal firm (static network), the downstream, and the dynamic network. These four levels were mapped out as supplier relations, internal organisation of the buying firm, customer relations, and strategy level activities, respectively. For this study, the focal firm was the Tea Division of Unilever Kenya Limited (also referred to as Kenya Tea Buying Organisation). The research methodology deployed was the case study using an electronic questionnaire with both structured and open-ended questions. Responses to structured questions were on a sixpoint Likert scale. Data was collected from a population of 46 across 10 countries that were part of the supply network under investigation. Five of the target respondents were senior management from third party entities that provided core services to the focal firm, while the rest were managers at different levels within Unilever’s global tea supply network. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The means and standard deviations of Likert scale data were computed, tabulated and ranked for interpretation. The findings indicated that most of the key success factors were present but to varying degrees of implementation. On the other hand, there were a number of impediments to successful lean supply management notably, a lack of performance measures for suppliers and an inefficient execution of out-sourced services. Amongst other recommendations, the study proposed that long-term contracting should be expanded to minimise the supply risks associated with auction and spot buying. At the same time, performance measurement and feedback systems for suppliers and third party service providers should be developed, implemented and enforced.
Activity of RX-04 pyrrolocytosine protein synthesis 2 inhibitors against multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria

Floor 2, Bob Champion Research & Educational Building, 21 James Watson Road, 22 University of East Anglia, 23 Norwich Research Park, 24 NORWICH, NR4 7UQ 25 26 Tel: +44(0)1603-597-568 27 e-mail: d.livermore@uea.ac. uk 28 29 AAC Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 18 June 2018 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.00689-18 © Crown copyright 2018. The government of Australia, Canada, or the UK ("the Crown") owns the copyright interests of authors who are government employees. The Crown Copyright is not transferable.
The Impact of Internal Governance on Bearing the Risk of City Commercial Banks

Improving the internal governance is the key factor to promote the development of banking stability, especially for the banks which are just stepping on the right way. This article chose 23 city commercial banks, which had more than 50 billion assets, as the object of study and got the data of them through reading their annual reports from 2008 to 2014 for the empirical study. From the research, we found out that there was no significant relationship between the nature of the bank’s largest shareholder and the banking risk, and the ownership concentration, board size, salary incentive and regional GDP had an opposite relationship with the banking risk, the independent director proportion and banking risk were positively related.
The Potential Used of Microalgae for Heavy Metals Remediation

Bioremediation is a biologically environmental cleaning process from pollutant. Phytoremediation is the use of plant (lower to higher plants) to clean up polluted terestrial or aquatic ecosystem, due to their ability to absorb pollutant and an efficiently mechanism on the accumulation of water, nutrients, and mineral. Microalgae require heavy metals for enzimatic process, however, at a high concentration may toxic. Microalgae are primary producer in aquatic ecosystem, therefore have an important role in the food web. Most of microalgae are live in the water as a plankton and contribute 50% of water oxygen, the rest are in the humic places. This reserach was conducted in order to find out the potential use of microalgae, particularly Chlorella, Spirulina, Chaetoceros, and Porphyridium to remediate heavy metals of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). On the experimental research, 0.5 mg heavy metals were added to the 1 L microalgae culture. The microalgae population was counted every day for 14 days. The concentration of initial and 14 days heavy metals concentration in the microalgae culture were measured. Chlorella has the highest population on the Pb, Cd and Cu treatments, with the reduction of heavy metal cocentration on the culture media were 90%, 62%, and 83%, respectively. Porphyridium culture had shown the highest reduction of Cu and Cd concentrations of 96% and 70% respectively, although its population was a half of Chlorella population. Spirulina had the lowest population on the Cd treatment with the reduction of Cd concentration on the media was 73%. Chaetoceros had the lowest population on the Pb treatment with its reduction of 81%. Seems that the microalgae species showed different respond to heavy metals. Further research has to be developed to determine the percentage of heavy metal that accumulated on the microalgae.
Consumer Ideology Determines Shopping Preferences at Farmers Markets in Two US Geographical Regions

The purpose of this study was to identify if there were differences that existed in the behaviors, attitudes, awareness, and motivating factors that influenced people to shop at farmers’ markets and purchase USDA certified organic food in two geographic regions: Corvallis, Oregon and Muncie, Indiana. A survey was administered to consumers who shopped at the Minnetrista Farmers’ Market (MFM) and the Corvallis-Albany Farmers’ Market (CAFM) in the summer of 2012 to measure the shoppers’ purchasing perceptions. Specific areas of interest in this study included consumer values towards supporting local farmers and consuming USDA certified organic food. A comparison of responses between regions was analyzed. Results of the study provide insights on consumers’ purchasing attitudes and behaviors regarding USDA certified organic products, and why they chose to shop at Farmers’ Markets. Ideology was the strongest predictor for consumer purchasing behaviors. Understanding how regional differences affect food choice has implications for wellness programs and industry marketing materials.
Charge transport through carbon nanotubes interacting with light

This paper focuses on photoconductivity and electroluminescence studies on individual single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that are incorporated into nanoscale electrical devices. It describes how the spatial dependence of these signals has been utilized to gain valuable information about the local electronic structure and the charge transport properties of the nanotubes. Moreover, we present a summary of available experimental data supporting theoretical predictions, that excitonic effects dominate the optical absorption and emission of semiconducting SWCNTs. Finally, an outline of the emerging field of SWCNT-based photovoltaic devices is given, followed by an outlook into the future perspective of carbon nanotube optoelectronics.
Implementation of the Integrated Quality Management System and Educators’ Perceptions, Concerns and Dispositions on Their Career Stages

Abstract This paper argues that educators’ career stages account for variations in the educators’ perceptions, concerns and dispositions towards the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) in South African schools. These variations have a bearing on the implementation of IQMS. The presented results are extracted from a larger study and are based on a survey of 305 educators. Three null hypotheses, one each, on the significant differences in educators’ perceptions of IQMS, their concerns about IQMS, and their dispositions towards IQMS were tested, using educators’ career stages as a sorting variable. The Kruskal Wallis test was employed for the purposes of gauging significant differences. This research concludes that there were significant differences between educators’ perceptions and dispositions. However, the educators’ concerns about IQMS did not differ, but were shared by educators across career stages. Only in the ‘collaboration concern’ did career stages differ. The potential impact of these variables on the implementation of IQMS, and the need to bargain for educators’ career stages in the implementation of IQMS, and other school policies and programmes, are highlighted. This study generated data that could be generalised to 3370 school educators in one Education district of one Province in South Africa. Similar studies in other districts in the province and nationally will generate a good feedback from educators. Reviews based on empirical data are pertinent for the success of the policies and for feedback to guide new policies. This paper makes recommendations for policy formulators, programme administrators, as well as further research. Internationally too, gathering of similar data from educators, when policies are being implemented, will be useful to receive robust feedback.
The influence of the oil price on CEO compensation

This thesis researches the effect of changes in the oil price on the way in which CEOs are compensated. To investigate this effect, compensation and company data of the firms in industry 30 of the Fama and French Industry Classification Index are used. Results were obtained using correlations, t-tests, multi-variate regressions and difference in differences regressions. From these results, the conclusion was drawn that the oil price does not have a significant effect on the way in which CEOs are compensated.
Pneumatic artificial muscles based on biomechanical characteristics of human muscles

This article reports the pneumatic artificial muscles based on biomechanical characteristics of human muscles. A wearable device and a rehabilitation robot that assist a human muscle should have characteristics similar to those of human muscle. In addition, since the wearable device and the rehabilitation robot should be light, an actuator with a high power to weight ratio is needed. At present, the McKibben type is widely used as an artificial muscle, but in fact its physical model is highly nonlinear. Therefore, an artificial muscle actuator has been developed in which high-strength carbon fibres have been built into the silicone tube. However, its contraction rate is smaller than the actual biological muscles. On the other hand, if an artificial muscle that contracts axially is installed in a robot as compactly as the robot hand, big installing space is required. Therefore, an artificial muscle with a high contraction rate and a tendon-driven system as a compact actuator were developed, respectively. In this study, we report on the basic structure and basic characteristics of two types of actuators.
Improved contact efficiency of Web sites through value creation : the South African situation

In contrast with the high expectations of the Internet for businesses, Bayers (as quoted by Schlosser and Kanfer 1997:1) reports that many companies are becoming disillusioned with the commercial possibilities of on-line advertising. Moreover, some businesses have even suggested that the Internet is better suited to interpersonal communication and personal sites rather than commercial sites. As executives are questioning whether the potential of the Internet is real or just hype and some companies are even considering decreasing or removing their investment in on-line advertising, it appears that the Internet has reached a crossroad with regard to its true potential as a marketing vehicle.
Recruitment of Students with Disabilities: Exploration of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.

Individuals with disabilities are underrepresented in postsecondary education; in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors; in graduate and post-doctoral work; and in faculty positions, particularly in STEM. Despite these lags behind their non-disabled counterparts, few organizations recruit persons with disabilities into postsecondary education and/or STEM careers and, thus, scant literature exists on targeted recruitment efforts. The intent of this article is to examine data concerning these lags, to review what literature does exist on recruitment of students with disabilities, and to report on promising practices developed by the Midwest Alliance, an NSF-funded endeavor to increase the number of individuals with disabilities in STEM. It is believed that these efforts and descriptions may help other organizations recruit individuals with disabilities into their postsecondary programs.
Transitional Local Governance and Minority Political Participation in Post War Sri Lanka

In 2011, two years after the end of Sri Lanka’s bitter civil war that spanned three decades, there were more than 600,000 Tamil minority citizens in the country’s Northern Province eligible to vote in local government elections, which took place for the first time since 1998 . The Sri Lankan Tamils, the country’s largest minority group, make up 15.9% of the total population and are geographically concentrated in the northern province where they make up 93% of the population. The northern province looms large in the contemporary socio-political history of Sri Lanka. It was not only the physical battleground between the state’s army and the Liberation Tigers for Tamil Eelam (LTTE), but is symbolic of an ideational clash about how the state should deal with ethnic difference (De Silva 1996; Uyangoda 2007). The defeat of the secessionist LTTE which formerly administered parts of the northern province combine with the state’s preference for a unitary and centralized structure, suggests that it is now in the realist parameters of decentralized local spaces that the elected representatives of Tamil minorities must realize the ideals of local self-government, facilitate the complex needs of minority citizens and engage the Sinhalese-Buddhist nation state. This paper analyses several key acts, the National Policy on Local Government (2009) combined with secondary and empirical research to explore the political underpinnings of decentralization. It argues that understanding the multiple and complex ways in which minority citizens interact with, and participate in, political processes is fundamental to understanding the practice of local representation and self-government at the sub-national level, and within the wider polity of post war Sri Lanka. It contributes to the paucity of empirical research on post-conflict local governance transitions (Shou and Haug 2005, Jackson and Scott, 2006).
Green product quality, green customer satisfaction, and green customer loyalty

A lot of attention has been given to the quality of products and the satisfaction of the customers in the studies that have been previously conducted; however, in none can be seen an attempt to explore the green innovations or the different features of environmental management. What this study tries to achieve is to fill that research gap. As a result, what this study proposes is the scarce and the new and original constructs respectively - the satisfaction of the green consumers, the loyalty of the green consumers and also provides framework for the study which makes it possible to explore the relation between the quality of green products, the satisfaction of green customers, and the loyalty of the green customers.
A Review of Situational Leadership Theory and Relevant Leadership Styles: Options for Educational Leaders in the21st Century

This study was motivated by the premise that â€˜one size doesnâ€™t fit allâ€™ and that any one style of leadership cannot be appropriate in all places. The purpose of this theoretical debate is to examine the wider context of situational leadership and its effectiveness towards improving school leadership and management. Analytical Literature review was undertaken and findings reveal that successful leaders change their leadership styles based on the maturity of the people they're leading, the task at hand and the context. This academic evaluation examined the situational leadership theory and relevant leadership styles that could be merged in to provide the best mix in educational leadership and administration. It begins with a concise overview of leadership theories and is followed by an examination of pertinent leadership styles in relation to the four basic components of situational leadership. This article concludes that success can be certain if situational leadership is successfully applied together other pertinent styles in educational leadership and administration. This study sets a solid platform for further research as quality leadership tradition offers great opportunity to further refine situational leadership in the best interest of scholars, teachers, principals and aspiring educational leaders globally.Keywords: Leadership, Directing, Coaching, Participating, Delegating, Theories, Styles, Methods, Administration.
2 Tumor-Derived Microvesicles and the Cancer Microenvironment

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“Omics” research and systems medicine

Omiks bilim ve tip alaninda onemli yonleri ile gelismekte olan bir alandir. Omiks ile genomiks, epigenomiks, transkriptomiks, proteomiks, metabolomiks ve biyoinformatiksi icinde alan cesitli heyecan verici gelismeler saglanmistir. Sistemler tibbi da biyolojik sistemlerdeki karmasik iliskileri arastirmak icin yeni yaklasimlar ortaya koyan yeni ortaya cikmis bilimsel bir alandir.
The Stellar Activity of TRAPPIST-1 and Consequences for the Planetary Atmospheres

The signatures of planets hosted by M dwarfs are more readily detected with transit photometry and radial velocity methods than those of planets around larger stars. Recently, transit photometry was used to discover seven planets orbiting the late-M dwarf TRAPPIST-1. Three of TRAPPIST-1's planets fall in the Habitable Zone, a region where liquid water could exist on the planetary surface given appropriate planetary conditions. We aim to investigate the habitability of the TRAPPIST-1 planets by studying the star’s activity and its effect on the planets. We analyze previously published space- and ground-based light curves and show the photometrically determined rotation period of TRAPPIST-1 appears to vary over time due to complicated, evolving surface activity. The dramatic changes of the surface of TRAPPIST-1 suggest that rotation periods determined photometrically may not be reliable for this and similarly active stars. While the activity of the star is low, we use the premise of the “cosmic shoreline” to provide evidence that the TRAPPIST-1 environment has potentially led to the erosion of possible planetary atmospheres by extreme ultraviolet stellar emission.
Upcoming Transitions in the Energy Sector and Their Impact on Corporations Strategies

An analysis is presented on a set of enabling technologies which are opening new routes for energy conversion and consumption. This portfolio of innovations is complemented by a new framework in hydrocarbon production. This integration yields an optimization of energy uses that can result in lower greenhouse gases emissions and expand the lifecycle of current available resources. These options are confronted with the need for higher quantities of energy, at affordable costs in order to maintain the economic development. The conclusion is that there are no contradictions among the general objectives in global energy policy and the goals of corporations. Companies can take advantage of their previous expertise to remain competitive, but have to further develop new skills to operate in a new energy sector that is likely to be highly interlinked; evolving for the previous model that had markets segmented by specialty. New goods, such as the electric vehicles or the advanced high temperature high power fuel cells for generating electricity, should pave the way for a more synergetic and efficient energy sector.