Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric Comparison between Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) & Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in Mid-Lower Oesophageal Carcinoma

Purpose: To investigate if intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) offers a better planning target volume (PTV) coverage and/or lower dose to normal thoracic structures in comparison to three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in the treatment of mid and lower oesophageal carcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective study in the period from 2014 till 2015 was held in the radiation therapy department of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, in which 20 locally advanced or inoperable mid and lower oesophageal cancer patients were treated by chemo-radiation using 3DCRT technique. IMRT plans were generated for those 20 patients. The 3DCRT and IMRT plans were compared as regards PTV coverage and doses to critical organs at risk. Results: All plans had produced satisfactory PTV coverage with no significant differences noted. The lung V20 for both lungs in 3DCRT was 16.94% ± 4.2% which was increased to 21.42% ± 3.6% in IMRT (p = 0.017). The mean dose to the heart and V30 were higher in IMRT plans while the mean dose to the spinal cord was higher with 3DCRT plans, yet that didn’t reach a statistically significant level (p = 0.156). The dose delivered to the liver didn’t pose any difference between both techniques. Conclusion: 3DCRT remains to be a feasible cost effective treatment delivery option for mid and lower oesophageal cancer cases with a lower optimization and delivery time than that for IMRT. Moreover, that calls for further dosimetric studies and clinical trials to assess IMRT technique. In our study, IMRT using nine fields didn’t prove to be superior to 3DCRT.
A Layered Approach for Exploring the Relationship between Law and Technology

Current discussions on the relationship between law and technology tend to either explore a one-way ‘influences/is influenced by’ relationship between the two elements or they view technology as a ‘tool’ used to uphold the law. Little research has gone beyond this to explore in depth how the elements of law and technology have interacted in various circumstances and thus evolved into their current forms. This paper will explore the relationship between these two elements for one specific technology, namely Digital Rights Management (DRM) Systems in online and mobile services in the music industry and the laws related to it. It will present a layered approach for the exploration of how these two elements have interacted and evolved into the shape and form they are today in order to inform ongoing research on the law-technology relationship and the development of theories within the IS field in general.
Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Women: Detection in Cervicovaginal Specimens from Gynecological Practices in the United States

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2) are significant human pathogens causing clinically indistinguishable facial and genital lesions. Recently, the number of reported genital herpes cases caused by type 1 virus has increased. Identifying the HSV type is of clinical importance to determine proper treatment, as there is no licensed vaccine or cure. We assessed, by PCR, the frequency of HSV-1 and HSV-2 present in more than 60,000 clinical cervicovaginal specimens derived from samples originating from 43 continental U.S. states. Fourteen percent were positive for HSV-1 and/or HSV-2. This likely represents subclinal shedding. It was not a measurement of the prevalence of HSV infection. While the majority were HSV-2, 32% were HSV-1. The distribution of HSV types varied between the states with the largest number of specimens, New Jersey, Florida, and Texas. Specimens from women under the age of 24 had an HSV-1 positivity rate of 47 percent. Importantly, in New Jersey, an observed age effect was the disproportionately high prevalence of genital HSV-1 in young women. This represents the largest analysis of HSV types reported and has important public health implications, particularly for younger women.
Conditional Risk in Global Stock Returns

We estimate the premium associated with time-varying market betas without using rolling betas or instruments. Instead, we use a new conditional-risk factor, which is a market timing strategy defined as the unexpected return on the market times the ex ante price of risk. The factor is a powerful tool for documenting a global effect of conditional risk on stock returns: across 23 developed countries, all major equity risk factors load on our conditional-risk factor with the right sign, meaning their alpha can partly be explained by the time variation in their market betas. The conditional-risk factor explains 50% more alpha than traditional methods that use rolling betas to capture conditional risk.
Multiperiod Airline Overbooking with a Single Fare Class

Consider a multiperiod airline overbooking problem that relates to a single-leg flight and a single service class. Passengers may cancel their reservations at any time, including being no-shows at flight-time. At that time, the airline bumps passengers in excess of flight capacity and pays a penalty for so doing. We give conditions on the fares, refunds, and distributions of passenger demand for reservations and cancellations in each period, and on the bumping penalty function, that ensure that a booking-limit policy is optimal, i.e., in each period the airline accepts reservation requests up to a booking limit if the number of initial reservations is less than that booking limit, and declines reservation requests otherwise. The optimal booking limits are easily computed. We give conditions under which the optimal booking limits are monotone in the time to flight departure. The model is applied to the discount allocation problem in which lower fare classes book prior to higher fare classes.
Mechanical Engineering , SA 104 X and SA 108 X Mathematical modeling of flocking behavior

In this thesis, the flocking behaviour of prey when threatened by a group of predators, is investigated using dynamical systems. By implementing the unicycle model, a simulation is created using Simulink and Matlab. A set of forces are set up to describe the state of the prey, that in turn determines their behaviour in different scenarios. An effective strategy is found so all members of the flock can survive the predator attack, taking into account the advantages of the predator’s greater translational velocity and the prey’s higher angular velocity. Multiple obstacles and an energy constraint are added to make the model more realistic. The objective of this thesis is to develop a strategy that maximizes the chance of survival of each flock member by not only staying together in a group but also making use of environmental advantages.
Organic Strand in Literary Symbolism

The article is a study of organic symbolism in literature. It is impossible to comprehend the meaning of the symbol without a thorough investigation of its cognitive history understood as gradual apprehension of the physical properties of a natural object and a subsequent chain of associations triggered by mythological or religious consciousness, conventions of contemporary philosophy or ideology, or authors' original significations based on personal experience. Mental connections of a natural phenomenon with various cognitive domains form a referential system which make up the object's symbolic content within a specific culture. The study is focused on two referents – the cherry tree and cherry orchard – which display a multiplicity of associations instrumental in the interpretation of literary discourses. Symbols display inner dynamics that allows authors to create images of great expressive power and represent abstract concepts from a novel perspective.
A system for automated genome annotation

Eucalyptus globulus is a tree used to produce paper pulp. With the aim to study the genes responsible for wood formation in E. globulus, which are not yet fully understood although known to have an impact on the quality of paper pulp, GenEglobwq project was defined. One of the project goals is the development of an annotation module, to automatically annotate the gene sequences obtained. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to extend a web information system, GEDI, used to manage the data from GenEglobwq project, in order to provide a tool for automated genome annotation. In this sense the annotation module in the GEDI system was created, which makes use of an automatic genome annotation pipeline, named MAKER, which can be used to annotate any type of organism. One way to annotate a genome is through the use of markers to identify specific areas of the genome. Thus, it was also created a marker module to manage marker data. In order to validate the annotation module operation, the chloroplast genomes of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus grandis was annotated. However, like any automatic genome annotation pipeline, not all the genes were annotated, being necessary a manual curation of the results.
Interpretation of mouth-bar and related lacustrine and fluvial sand bodies from the middle Green River Formation (Eocene), southern Uinta Basin, Utah

The Uinta Basin of eastern Utah is an intermontane basin that contains an ~2-km-thick succession of mostly carbonate-rich mudrock assigned to the Eocene Green River Formation. In the southwest part of the basin, along Nine Mile Canyon and its tributary canyons, the middle member of the Green River Formation contains numerous interbedded sand bodies. Previous researchers have interpreted these sand bodies variably as lacustrine deltaic mouth bars, terminal fluvial distributary bars, and various types of fluvial (delta plain/floodplain/braid plain) bar. Using some modern western U.S. lakes as partial analogues, and taking into account the overall lacustrine basin context of a widely fluctuating, wave-influenced, alkaline-lake shoreline, we again interpret many of the sand bodies to be fluvial in origin. Several sand bodies both truncate and are capped by brown to red-maroon and variegated weak to noncalcareous mudstone with root and desiccation structures, indicating terrestrial deposition well away from the lake shoreline. Others display steep cutbanks from which noncalcareous, inclined heterolithic stratification laterally accreted as fluvial side bars. Utilizing helicopter-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, we investigated additional sand bodies that may be better examples of deltaic mouth bars. In contrast to the more commonly documented highstand progradational mouth bars of marine and open lake settings, these sand bodies are interpreted to have originated as late-lowstand or transgressive system tract fluvial channels that were then flooded and modified by waves following lake transgression. These examples illustrate that any large-scale sandy bed form present in the general vicinity of a closed basin’s fluctuating lake shore may be expected to have formed under more than one set of environmental conditions. A revised set of guidelines is therefore presented to aid in the interpretation of lacustrine deltaic mouth bars.
10:4 MUX and 4:10 DEMUX gearbox LSI for 100-gigabit Ethernet link

The 100-gigabit Ethernet (100GbE) was standardized as IEEE 802.3ba in 2010 [1]. The optics module must be equipped with a “gearbox” LSI-which switches between 10×10Gb/s data signals on the physical-coding-sublayer side and 4×25Gb/s data signals on the physical-media-dependent side. A gearbox LSI based on 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS consumes 8W of power [2], which is about half of the total power consumption of the optics module. Aiming to reduce the power consumption, a 50Gb/s 2:5 DEMUX based on CMOS technology is developed [3]. In addition, since the architecture in reference [2] consists of two LSIs (MUX and DEMUX), loop-back operation, which is required in the IEEE standard, is impossible. In response to these circumstances, we have developed a 100GbE gearbox LSI combining a 10:4 MUX and a 4:10 DEMUX. This gearbox LSI — implemented in 65nm CMOS — decreases power dissipation by 75% compared to that of a conventional LSI.
A Study of Placental Transfer Mechanisms in Nonhuman Primates Using [14C]Phenylalanine

Placental transfer mechanisms were investigated in pregnant Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta during the gestational age of 120 to 130 days. These primates underwent an operative procedure that allowed continuous fetal blood sampling. The administration of [14C]phenylalanine into the maternal circulation revealed a significant increase of radioactive material in the fetal circulation, indicating an active placental transport mechanism unidirectional to the fetus. When [l4C]phenylalanine was injected into the fetus, radioactive aromatic amino acids in the maternal circulation increased only slightly over time, resembling a simple diffusion process.
Species differences in substrate specificity of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase

To compare the activity of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), we used uridine (Urd), deoxyuridine (dUrd), and thymidine (dThd) as substrates and human, rat, and mouse neoplastic and normal tissues. As PNP activity was higher in the tumor tissues than in the normal ones in all species examined, the level of PNP activity is expected to be one critical factor linked to the effectiveness of 5‐FU. In rats and mice, the ratio of the activities of Urd, dUrd, and dThd was about 10:7:1, whereas in humans, the ratio was 1:30:20. The main enzyme of PNP is Urd phosphorylase in rodents and dThd phosphorylase in humans. Therefore, when examining the metabolism of 5‐FU and its analogues for potential clinical application, human tissues should be used.
2 Basic Categorial Grammars and Context-Free Grammars

Basic categorial grammars are enriched with a conjunction operation, and it is proved that the formalism obtained in this way has the same expressive power as conjunctive grammars, that is, context-free grammars enhanced with conjunction. It is also shown that categorial grammars with conjunction can be naturally embedded into the Lambek calculus with conjunction and disjunction operations. This further implies that a certain NP-complete set can be defined in the Lambek calculus with conjunction.
The Causal Relationship between Land Cultivated Cereal and Cereals Yield in Algeria

This paper seeks to investigate the causal relationship between land cultivated cereal and cereals yield in Algeria. The empirical analysis starts by analyzing the time series properties of the data which is followed by examining the nature of causality among the variables. Algeria is from the largest importing countries of cereals. An increase cultivated cereal in Algeria increases cereals yield in Algeria. This study analyzes how change in real crude land cultivated cereal in Algeria affects the real cereals yield of Algeria positively. The empirical analysis involves testing the time series characteristics of the data series (stationary) using ADF test and running the pairwise Granger causality test based on Eviews software.
Associative Structure in the Perception of Music : The Case of Turkish ‘ Yan ı k ’ ( scorched )

The term yanık, a desired quality of music, is one of the most important aspects of Turkish response to music in terms of the perception of meaning. As a discourse of sentiment, yanık is an image of the bittersweet emotions in music. What is considered as yanık is generally a vocal quality, representing feelings of grief, sadness, sorrow, and passion. The term is mainly considered to highlight two features of musical quality. First, it denotes sorrow or sadness. Second, it defines the vocal style or voice quality that it is believed to be good, right, and nice. In fact, both qualities are thought to be connected to each other. What is important is to be yanık. What is wanted is a sorrowful sound which can express sad feelings. Being sorrowful, when singing, is nice, and this feature is a part of the musical taste. Consequently, yanık is the fact which expresses pleasing and sorrowful emotions together. In this article, first I will give a brief introduction to the theoretical framework of my paper. In terms of the discourse of sentiment, I propose the theory of associative structure for understanding the cultural dynamics of yanık in the Turkish musical tradition. Secondly, following from this approach/theory, which treats the substance of musical sound as a ‘material’ rather than ‘raw’ parameters, I would like to carry out an analysis that investigates the range of meanings that sound material perceived as yanık has for Turkish listeners.
Frequency discrimination after bilateral section of the brachium of the inferior colliculus

Cats can relearn an auditory frequency discrimination after a bilateral cortical ablation which includes auditory areas I and 11, Ep, SII, insular temporal cortex and the suprasylvian gyrus (Goldberg and Neff, '60). This lesion results in the retrograde degeneration of all the medial geniculate body and of most of the posterior group of the thalamus. Forebrain neural mechanisms, nevertheless, may be involved in the learning and maintenance of the discrimination. Widespread regions of the forebrain are affected by auditory activity ascending over non-specific systems of the brain stem (Moruzzi and Magoun, '49; Starzl, Taylor and Magoun, '51; Bremer and Terzuolo, '52, '54; Dell, '52; French, von Amerongen and Magoun, '52; French, Verzeano and Magoun, '53; HernAndezPe6n and Hagbarth, '55). Evoked potentials to auditory stimuli have been recorded from sensori-motor cortex (Feng, Liu and Shen, '56; Ascher and Buser, '58; Thompson and Sindberg, '60) , caudate nucleus ( Albe-Fessard, Oswaldo and Rocha-Miranda, '58), hippocampus (Robinson and Lennox, '51; Lieberson and Cadilhac, '54) and cingulate gyrus (Robinson and Lennox, '51). The evoked potentials from these regions may involve conduction systems independent of the medial geniculate body. One way to study the role of these other forebrain systems is to test frequency discrimination after combined removal of the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and diencephalon. The interpretation of such an experiment, however, is complicated by the fact that animals with such large ablations show a general retardation in learning (Culler and Mettler, '34; Girden, Mettler, Finch and Culler, '36; Bromiley, '48). A second way, the one we adopted, is to test the discrimination after transection of the auditory system below the thalamus at the level of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (see fig. 1 for a diagram of brain stem auditory centers). While section of the brachium does not prevent activity from ascending over the brain stem reticular activating system (Moruzzi and Magoun, '49; Lindsley, Bowden and Magoun, '49; Lindsley, Schreiner, Knowles and Magoun, '50), this lesion might be expected to eliminate the auditory input not only to the medial geniculate body and its cortical projection areas, but also to other forebrain regions from which auditory evoked potentials have been recorded. The present study was designed to answer the question: can a frequency discrimination be relearned after bilateral section of the brachium of the inferior colliculus?
THE EFFECT OF 5 WEEKS OF PLYOMETRIC AND SPEED TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHOSEN SPECIFIC INDICATORS IN BASKETBALL

Study’s objective was to find out the effect of the training programme on the development of speed, explosiveness and agility through selected tests.The programme focused on the development of different types of speed and agility and was applied to a group of 10 female playersof Premier League basketball team BDŽ ŠK UMB Banska Bystrica in Slovakia.The average age of the group was 20.4±2.2 years, the average body height was 170.3±7.7 cm and the average body weight was 64±6.9 kg.Fitro Agility Check Desk Test was the test of reaction rate in which a statistically and substantively significant difference was observed during the experimental period (T = 0, n = 10, p < 0.05, r = 0.63 large effect). Similar situation was observed in the 5 metres linear acceleration running (t = 4.457, n = 10,p < 0.05, d = 1.41 large effect) and in the 10 metres linear acceleration running (t = 5.775, n = 10, p < 0.05,d = 1.83 large effect), where the significant improvement was identified.We observed the major improvement in the Countermovement Jump, which was confirmed also by the coefficients of statistical and substantive significance (t = -14.354 p < 0.05, d = 4.54). Modified Pro Agility Testalso showed the improvement (T = 11, n = 10, p > 0.05), which is confirmed by the substantive significance level = 0.38 -medium effect. Major improvement was not observed in the Lane Agility Test (t = 0.904, n = 10, p > 0.05, d = 0.29 small effect). Considering this fact we state that selected intervention programme was suitable mainly for the development of reaction rate, agility, short-term change of direction speed and linear acceleration speed only within the shorter period of time, the major difference was not identified in longer period of time (more than 12 s) and in the introduction of bigger number of direction changes and activity character.
THE IMPACT OF ALIGNMENT ERRORS ON CYLINDRICAL NEAR-FIELD ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS

This paper addresses the sensitivity of the cylindrical near-field technique to some of the critical alignment parameters. Measured data is presented to demonstrate the effect of errors in the radial distance parameter and probe alignment errors. Far-field measurements taken on a planar near-field range are used as reference. The results presented here form the first qualitative data demonstrating the impact of alignment errors on a cylindrical near-field measurement. A preliminary conclusion is that the radial distance accuracy requirement may not be as crucial as was stated in the past. This paper also shows how the NSI data acquisition system allows one to conduct such parametric studies in an automated way.
Pathogenicity and control of Aeromonas hydrophila and A . veronii in Indian major carps ( Catla-catla ) by the effect of herbal supplement of Andrographis paniculata ( Lamiales : Acanthaceae )

Plant extracts are focused for their potential as immunostimulants against the infectious diseases of fish. The present study was designed to evaluate the acquired immunity stimulated by methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata against the pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii in Catla-catla. The fishes were fed with diet incorporated with A. paniculata extract. Post 14 days, serum parameter analyses revealed an increase in total haemoglobin (10-11.5 g %), erythrocyte (34.7 10 mm) and leukocyte count (3.9 × 10 cell.mm). The phagocytic index of infected fishes treated with extracts increased in a dose dependent manner (31.25%), exhibiting 100 % Relative Percentage Survival. Adverse changes in the disease symptoms were also observed post treatment with extracts. The extracts of A. paniculata were able to inhibit the pathogens even at low concentration (50 μl). This study hence proves that the extracts of A. paniculata can be used as an immunostimulants.