Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biogenesis, structure and function of the yeast 20S proteasome.

Intracellular degradation of many eukaryotic proteins requires their covalent ligation to ubiquitin. We previously identified a ubiquitin‐dependent degradation pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the DOA pathway. Independent work has suggested that a major mechanism of cellular proteolysis involves a large multisubunit protease(s) called the 20S proteasome. We demonstrate here that Doa3 and Doa5, two essential components of the DOA pathway, are subunits of the proteasome. Biochemical analyses of purified mutant proteasomes suggest functions for several conserved proteasome subunit residues. All detectable proteasome particles purified from doa3 or doa5 cells have altered physical properties; however, the mutant particles contain the same 14 different subunits as the wild‐type enzyme, indicating that most or all yeast 20S proteasomes comprise a uniform population of hetero‐oligomeric complexes rather than a mixture of particles of variable subunit composition. Unexpectedly, we found that the yeast Doa3 and Pre3 subunits are synthesized as precursors which are processed in a manner apparently identical to that of related mammalian proteasome subunits implicated in antigen presentation, suggesting that biogenesis of the proteasome particle is highly conserved between yeast and mammals.
A FPGA based driver drowsiness detecting system

A large number of traffic accidents are caused by the driver fatigue or drowsiness. These misfortunes can be avoided by keeping a close watch on tired characters of the driver and making a warning signal immediately. This function is implemented by a FPGA based vehicle driver surveillance system presented in this paper. Several well-known image processing algorithms like gray scale projection, edge detection with Prewitt operator and complexity function are combined together to judge whether the driver has his eyes closed. Their hardware architectures have been modeled using the Altera DSPBuilder and integrated as a co-processor to the main Nios II processor which controls the whole system. All of the algorithm hardware implementations have been achieved in a parallel and pipelined way and discussed in detail. The final system is based on the Altera Stratix II EP2S60 FPGA devices and has been proved to meet the basic requirements of drowsiness detection.
Managed Competition

This paper theoretically examines a procurement form in supply relations, called ‘Managed Competition’, where a principal (buyer) uses dynamic competition between two agents (suppliers) to maximize its payoff. The principal commits to an incentive scheme at the beginning, and assigns the production share in the final period, according to the interim rank of the level of capital accumulation. By that, an asymmetric equilibrium favorable to the winner is generated in the subsequent stage, which in turn creates a tournament effect through a discrete prize in the first period, in addition to a marginal strategic effect. We characterize the optimal solution to the overall problem (a Kuhn-Tucker problem with static and dynamic incentive constraints) faced by the principal, and investigate some conditions, under which the principal wants to induce ex post competition among agents actively, under which she doesn’t induce such competition and restrains procurement from the loser, and under which she chooses not to intervene in the form of ‘allotment’, even with observability of the progress along the way among agents. These solutions imply that the principal endogenously chooses the mode of competition, depending upon the exogenous conditions. This kind of intervention mechanism not only promotes accumulation of relation specific skills, but induces it in a less costly manner. It also explains an aspect of efficiency in managed supplier organization in the Japanese automobile industry (as a typical example, two supply policy and design in of Toyota), essential aspects of which, in the 1980’s and early 1990’s, the Big Three in the United States automobile industry (GM, Ford, Chrysler) have tried to learn and adopt. Last, as a comparative statics, we investigate how (1) the bargaining powers of suppliers and (2) the degree of technology transfer after the interim ranking established may affect the mode of managed competition, including dynamic investment incentives.
Lung vascular protein permeability in preterm fetal and mature newborn sheep.

The purpose of this study was to see whether there are developmental differences in the protein permeability of the pulmonary circulation that might contribute to the abnormal lung fluid balance seen in premature lambs with respiratory failure. In one series of experiments, we measured albumin turnover time, which reflects the escape rate of radiolabeled albumin from the pulmonary circulation, of five preterm fetal lambs (125 +/- 1 days gestation) and five newborn lambs (19 +/- 9 days old). Turnover time was not significantly different in fetuses (160 +/- 38 min) and newborns (141 +/- 54 min), implying a similar protein permeability of the pulmonary circulation. In additional experiments, we measured pulmonary hemodynamic and lung lymph flow responses to intravenous saline infusion in seven preterm fetal lambs (130 +/- 3 days gestation) and seven newborn lambs (14 +/- 3 days old). During saline infusion, calculated fluid filtration pressure increased by a similar amount in fetuses and newborns (3.4 +/- 0.8 and 2.8 +/- 0.9 Torr, respectively), resulting in a similar change in lung lymph flow in fetuses and newborns (0.59 +/- 0.27 and 0.55 +/- 0.25 ml.h-1.kg body wt-1, respectively). The results of these studies indicate that protein permeability of the pulmonary circulation does not change significantly during late fetal and early postnatal development.
Analysis of the evidence for the lower limit of systolic and mean arterial pressure in children

Objective: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are essential evaluation elements in ill children, but there is wide variation among different sources defining systolic hypotension in children, and there are no normal reference values for MAP. Our goal was to calculate the 5th percentile SBP and MAP values in children from recently updated data published by the task force working group of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program and compare these values with the lowest limit of acceptable SBP and MAP defined by different sources. Design: Mathematical analysis of clinical database. Methods: The 50th and 95th percentile SBP values from task force data were used to derive the 5th percentile value for children from 1 to 17 yrs of age stratified by height percentiles. MAP values were calculated using a standard mathematical formula. Calculated SBP values were compared with systolic hypotension definitions from other sources. Linear regression analysis was applied to create simple formulas to estimate 5th percentile SBP and 5th and 50th percentile MAP for different age groups at the 50th height percentile. Results: A 9–21% range in both SBP and MAP values was noted for different height percentiles in the same age groups. The 5th percentile SBP values used to define hypotension by different sources are higher than our calculated values in children but are lower than our calculated values in adolescents. Clinical formulas for calculation of SBP and MAP (mm Hg) in normal children are as follows: SBP (5th percentile at 50th height percentile) = 2 × age in years + 65, MAP (5th percentile at 50th height percentile) = 1.5 × age in years + 40, and MAP (50th percentile at 50th height percentile) = 1.5 × age in years + 55. Conclusion: We developed new estimates for values of 5th percentile SBP and created a table of normal MAP values for reference. SBP is significantly affected by height, which has not been considered previously. Although the estimated lower limits of SBP are lower than currently used to define hypotension, these values are derived from normal healthy children and are likely not appropriate for critically ill children. Our data suggest that the current values for hypotension are not evidence-based and may need to be adjusted for patient height and, most important, for clinical condition. Specifically, we suggest that the definition of hypotension derived from normal children should not be used to define the SBP goal; a higher target SBP is likely appropriate in many critically ill and injured children. Further studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate threshold values of SBP for determining hypotension.
MaruGen: Una herramienta para la generación semi-automática de diseño de videojuegos (MaruGen: a tool for semi-automatic generation of videogame designs)

The art of game design and development is by nature a complex and multidisciplinary process that requires multiple roles, processes and talents for its successful completion. One of the most crucial steps, game design (that is the creation of mechanics, rules, mission and objectives of a videogame) is one of the processes that has less formal development, despite its importance in the conception of a given game. MaruGen (Machinations Ruleset Generator) is a semi-automatic system that generates spaces and game mechanics, by using rulesets and grammar from previous attempt at designing formal grammars, in an effort to formalize the field with a computational tool. This system was tested by supporting the designer of a new videogame to participate in the Ludumdare GameJam. Resumen: El arte del diseño y desarrollo de juegos es por naturaleza un proceso complejo y multidisciplinario, que requiere múltiples roles, procesos y talentos para su realización exitosa. Una de las etapas críticas corresponde al diseño (creación de mecánicas y reglas, y definición de la misión y objetivos del videojuego) y es la etapa en que se tiene menos desarrollo formal a pesar de su importancia en la concepción de un juego. MaruGen (Machinations Ruleset Generator) es un sistema semiautomático que genera espacios y mecánicas de juego a partir de un conjunto de reglas y una gramática la cual se toma de intentos anteriores en el diseño formal de gramáticas, en un esfuerzo para formalizar el campo de videojuegos. Este sistema fue probado apoyando al diseñador de un nuevo videojuego con el cual se participó el GameJam Ludumdare. Palabras Claves: Generación procedimental de contenido, diseño automático de juegos, sistema de reescritura de términos, Sistemas-L, Machinations, Micro-machinations, Mission/Space.
T‐cell activation genes differentially expressed at birth in CD4+ T‐cells from children who develop IgE food allergy

To cite this article: Martino DJ, Bosco A, McKenna KL, Hollams E, Mok D, Holt PG, Prescott SL. T‐cell activation genes differentially expressed at birth in CD4+ T‐cells from children who develop IgE food allergy. Allergy 2012; 67: 191–200.
Characterization of the thromboxane synthase pathway product 12‐oxoheptadeca‐5(Z)‐8(E)‐10(E)‐trienoic acid as a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist with minimal intrinsic activity

Thromboxane synthase forms thromboxane (TX) A2 and 12(S)‐hydroxyheptadeca‐5(Z)‐8(E)‐10(E)‐trienoic acid (HHT) at equimolar amounts. Twelve‐oxoheptadeca‐5(Z)‐8(E)‐10(E)‐trienoic acid (Oxo‐HT) is the primary metabolite of HHT and has been described to be an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Functional studies, Schild analysis and competitive binding studies were performed to clarify its mode of action. Oxo‐HT was prepared biosynthetically as well as chemosynthetically, purified and characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Platelet activation was assessed by determination of shape change, aggregation, fibrinogen binding and P‐selectin expression using optical aggregometry and flow cytometry. Oxo‐HT 0.1 n M to 50 μM did not induce platelet activation. Furthermore, it had no effect on platelet activation induced by thrombin, ADP or PAF. In contrast, Oxo‐HT inhibited platelet aggregation, fibrinogen binding and P‐selectin expression induced by U46619 in a competitive manner. Schild analysis for U46619‐induced fibrinogen binding and P‐selectin expression revealed pA2 values of 6.1 and 6.6, respectively, which correspond to Kd values of approximately 0.8 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively. Oxo‐HT also inhibited U46619 induced shape change (IC50 ≃ 10 μM). However, Oxo‐HT over a concentration range of 0.1–1 μM enhanced the partial shape change induced by low concentrations of U46619. Thus Oxo‐HT seems to possess a minimal agonistic potential, which alone is not sufficient to trigger a platelet activation but can enhance low levels of platelet activation. Oxo‐HT blocked the binding of [3H]SQ 29548 in a concentration‐dependent manner, whereas HHT did not displace [3H]SQ 29548. The Kd of Oxo‐HT determined from competition binding studies was 7.7 μM, about 10–25‐fold higher than the apparent Kd determined by Schild analysis. This discrepancy might be due to a desensitization of the TXA2 receptor triggered by the minimal intrinsic activity of Oxo‐HT. We conclude that Oxo‐HT is a naturally occurring specific TXA2 receptor antagonist with minimal intrinsic activity. Oxo‐HT may contribute to the regulation of TXA2‐induced platelet activation in vivo.
A real time dual-camera surveillance system based on tracking-learning-detection algorithm

In this paper, a master-slave dual camera (MSDC) system is designed to monitor the scene and acquire detailed information of distant object at the same time. The selected target, in the wide field of view (FOV) of master camera, is detected and tracked by algorithms of codebook and Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD), respectively. According to the method of Look Up Table (LUT), the slave camera (pan-tilt-zoom camera, PTZ camera) is directed to gaze at the target. In this way, the high resolution image of the object is available in the PTZ camera. Experiments of indoor and outdoor scenes have been conducted and the application of this dual-camera surveillance system in real time is illustrated. Furthermore, by comparing these two algorithms, it is found that TLD is more robust to illumination variation and the scene of multi motion objects. Besides, this set of system has the potential of being more intelligent through the employment of a video containing certain objects to initialize TLD, thus enabling the track of objects in real scene. Certain attempt in this point has been made in our experiment, which proves successful.
No Evaluation of Serum P53 Levels in Iraqi Female Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death among Iraqi women. The population was exposed to high levels of depleted uranium following the first and second Gulf Wars and this might be a risk factor. Protein 53 (p53) or Tumor protein 53 (Tp53) was originally defined as an oncogenic protein. The aim of the study was to evaluate P-53 serum concentrations in fifty Iraqi female breast cancer patients and twenty five healthy volunteers using the ELISA technique. All these patients attended the Teaching Hospital of AL Diwaniyah during the period between June 2016 to March 2017. The mean values for TP53 concentration in patients with breast cancer and apparently healthy groups were 47+33.5 U/ml and 27. 8+12.7 U/ml, respectively. The results showed no significantly difference, in contrast to most studies conducted elsewhere in the world.
Mammalian Mitochondria Possess Homologous DNA Recombination Activity*

Mitochondrial protein extracts from normal and immortalized mammalian somatic cells catalyze homologous recombination of plasmid DNA substrates. Mitochondrial homologous recombination activity required exogenous adenosine triphosphate, although substantial activity remained when non-hydrolyzable analogs were used instead. There was no requirement for added nucleoside triphosphates, and the reaction was not inhibited by dideoxyadenosine triphosphate or aphidicolin. The majority of recombinant plasmid molecules result from a conservative process, indicating that nuclease-mediated strand-annealing is not responsible for the mitochondrial homologous recombination activity. Affinity-purified anti-recA antibodies inhibited the reaction, suggesting that activity is dependent on a mammalian mitochondrial homolog of the bacterial strand-transferase protein. The presence of homologous recombination activity within mammalian mitochondrial extracts suggests that this process is involved in mitochondrial DNA repair.
Migration and the life course: is there a retirement transition?

"This paper focuses on pre-elderly (ages 55-64) net migration in the United States for the period 1980-90, to explore the hypothesis that there exists a ¿retirement transition' that characterizes pre-elderly migration. This research uses ordinary least squares regression to compare the effects of demographic, economic, and amenity factors on county-level net migration rates for five age groups: the young (25-44), the middle-aged (45-54), the pre-elderly (55-64), the young-old (65-74), and the old-old (75+). Pre-elderly migration patterns emerge as distinct from those of both younger and older age groups. Their net migration patterns are not fully shaped by labour force considerations. At the same time, pre-elderly migration appears to be driven by factors beyond retirement. These findings are discussed in the context of life-course change and their implications for the ageing baby-boom cohorts [considered]. "
Human-robot cooperation with mechanical interaction based on rhythm entrainment-realization of cooperative rope turning

Adaptation of biological systems can be viewed as decreasing local interaction among subsystems to realize effective cooperation. Conversely, it is important for effective cooperation to evaluate and control local interaction. Based on this idea we present a method of realizing cooperative rope turning by a man and a manipulator. The rotating motion of the manipulator arm for rope turning can be specified by frequency and phase difference between the arm and the rope. The frequency is determined in real-time by rhythm entrainment using a phase-locked loop. The phase difference is related to the quantity of local inter-action, that is, energy transfer from the arm to the rope. Therefore it is controlled to realize desired energy transfer, which is estimated from human demonstration. In the experiment the manipulator can successfully adapt its motion to that of the human partner.
LABILE AND STABLE FRACTIONS OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER UNDER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND NATIVE CERRADO

SUMMARY Soil organic matter can be analyzed on the basis of the different fractions. Changes in the levels of organic matter, caused by land use, can be better understood by alterations in the different compartments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different management systems on the labile and stable organic matter of a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol). The following properties were determined: total organic C and total N (TOC and TN), particulate organic C and particulate N (POC and PN), organic C and N mineral-associated (MOC and NM) and particulate organic C associated with aggregate classes (POCA). Eight treatments were used: seven with soil management systems and one with native Cerrado as a reference. The experiment was designed to study the dynamics of systems of tillage and crop rotation, alternating in time and space. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The soil samples were collected from five depths: 0–5, 5-10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm. Changes in organic C by land use occurred mainly in the fraction of particulate organic matter (> 53 mm). Proper management of grazing promoted increased levels of particulate organic matter by association with larger aggregates (2–8 mm), demonstrating the importance of the formation of this aggregate class for C protection in pasture.
Identification of the Ubiquitin-like Domain of Midnolin as a New Glucokinase Interaction Partner*

Background: Glucokinase activity is regulated on the posttranslational level in pancreatic beta cells. Results: Searching a pancreatic islet yeast two-hybrid library, the ubiquitin-like domain of midnolin was identified to bind and inhibit glucokinase at low glucose, thereby reducing insulin secretion. Conclusion: Midnolin is a new glucokinase interaction partner. Significance: This is the first report demonstrating midnolin protein expression in pancreatic beta cells. Glucokinase acts as a glucose sensor in pancreatic beta cells. Its posttranslational regulation is important but not yet fully understood. Therefore, a pancreatic islet yeast two-hybrid library was produced and searched for glucokinase-binding proteins. A protein sequence containing a full-length ubiquitin-like domain was identified to interact with glucokinase. Mammalian two-hybrid and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyses confirmed the interaction between glucokinase and the ubiquitin-like domain in insulin-secreting MIN6 cells and revealed the highest binding affinity at low glucose. Overexpression of parkin, an ubiquitin E3 ligase exhibiting an ubiquitin-like domain with high homology to the identified, diminished insulin secretion in MIN6 cells but had only some effect on glucokinase activity. Overexpression of the elucidated ubiquitin-like domain or midnolin, containing exactly this ubiquitin-like domain, significantly reduced both intrinsic glucokinase activity and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Midnolin has been to date classified as a nucleolar protein regulating mouse development. However, we could not confirm localization of midnolin in nucleoli. Fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed localization of midnolin in nucleus and cytoplasm and co-localization with glucokinase in pancreatic beta cells. In addition we could show that midnolin gene expression in pancreatic islets is up-regulated at low glucose and that the midnolin protein is highly expressed in pancreatic beta cells and also in liver, muscle, and brain of the adult mouse and cell lines of human and rat origin. Thus, the results of our study suggest that midnolin plays a role in cellular signaling of adult tissues and regulates glucokinase enzyme activity in pancreatic beta cells.
Effects of feeding aspirin and soybean oil to weanling pigs.

Three trials were conducted with 216 Yorkshire x Duroc x Hampshire crossbred pigs (equal males and females) weaned at 3 to 4 wk of age (avg 7.4 kg initially) to determine the effectiveness of aspirin in an 18% CP corn-soybean meal starter diet (with and without soybean oil in Trial III) for improving postweaning performance and reducing scours. When aspirin levels common to all trials (0, 250 ppm) or common to Trials II and III (0, 125 and 250 ppm) were compared, improvements in ADG (P less than .10) and daily feed intake (P less than .05) were observed with no effect on efficiency of feed utilization. There was a quadratic effect of aspirin (P less than .10) in Trials II and III, the trend suggesting that the response to 125 ppm was as effective as the response to 250 ppm aspirin. The addition of soybean oil in Trial III did not enhance the response. In all trials, scouring was reduced (P less than .05) when pigs were fed 125 or 250 ppm aspirin; the improvement was greatest for 125 ppm aspirin after 5 d on test. Pooled data suggested no effect (P greater than .10) of aspirin on hemoglobin concentrations and blood clotting times; slightly higher (P less than .10) hematocrit values and DM content of colon digesta occurred in pigs fed 125 ppm aspirin vs controls. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)