Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in physically restrained psychiatric patients

Abstract Objective: We analysed the rate of physical restraint in acute and chronic psychiatric patients and looked at the safety of waiving venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) prophylaxis in the case of restraining of less than 24 h. Methods: We did a retrospective analysis of all episodes of restraining in 2012 and 2013, diagnosis of restrained patients, time of restraining and use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for prophylaxis of VTE associated with restraining. Results: Overall, 12 734 patients were hospitalised. The number of episodes of restraining was 1035 and involved 469 (7.4%) patients. Only 79 episodes of restraining lasted more than 24 h and affected only 36 (0.3%) individual patients. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were unstable borderline personality in 41 (52%) and schizophrenic or schizoaffective psychosis in 26 (33%) episodes. None of these prolonged restraints and none of the 956 episodes of restraining for less than 24 h were associated with clinical symptoms or signs of VTE that would have required additional diagnostic consequences. Conclusion: The concept of waiving VTE prophylaxis within the first 24 h of restraining seems to be safe. On the other hand, LMWH sufficiently protected the small sample being restrained for more than 24 h.
Dental anxiety in middle school children and their caregivers: Prevalence and severity

This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of dental anxiety among middle school children and their caregivers in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 518 middle school children aged 11 to 15 years and 88 caregivers in the city of Jeddah. The Norman Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was used to measure dental anxiety among the study group as well as a questionnaire asking about specific dental procedures. Nearly 34% of participating children had high and sever dental anxiety. There was a positive correlation between DAS in caregivers and that in their children (r = 0.34, p = 0.001). Children were mostly anxious about teeth extractions while caregivers were anxious about root canal treatment. Dental anxiety was significantly associated with gender and school type (p = 0.05 each). Female children demonstrated significantly greater DAS compared to males (p = 0.05) and were also more anxious about most specific dental procedures in the provided questionnaire. Children in public schools showed more severe anxiety than those in private schools (p = 0.05). Dental anxiety in middle school children is high and correlated with that of their caregivers and is associated with gender and school type. Key words: Anxiety, children, caregivers.
Correlation of pain severity with thermography

Thermography can detect the discogenic pain in lumbar disc herniation and change the subjective pain into an objective color image. The sensitivity and specificity of thermography are as high as 89.5%, 79.1% and show high correlation with post-operative clinical results. Thus it has been used for diagnosis of disc herniation, the detection of the symptomatic level in multiple disc herniation and prediction of post-operative courses in lumbar disc herniations. The severity of pain in disc herniation is different according to the duration of symptoms, the types of disc herniation, the degree of protrusion and other numerous factors. The authors analyzed the thermographic findings of lumbar disc herniation, focused on the thermal difference and correlated the thermal difference with severity of pain in 147 patients with lumbar disc herniation. Patients having single level disc herniation with unilateral leg pain were grouped into acute (78 cases) and chronic (69 cases) groups according to the duration of symptoms. In the acute disc herniation group, significant thermal difference is noted according to subjective pain severity (P<0.05), degree of protrusion (P<0.01) and type of herniations (P<0.05). In the chronic disc herniation group, the thermal difference is not correlated with severity of pain and disc protrusion. In conclusion, thermal difference is well correlated with severity of pain in acute disc herniation. Thermography is useful for differentiation of acute and chronic disc herniation and it shows the severity of discogenic pain in lumbar disc herniations.
THE ASSOCIATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH RESPONSE TO DEPRESSION TREATMENT

Major Depression is a serious mental illness which if left untreated can lead to severe mental and physical debilitation. Major depression often occurs concurrently with many, serious, medical co-morbidities, e.g. diabetes mellitus. Primary care physicians now have to treat more medically complex patients due to the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus and the increase of screening for major depression in the primary clinic settings. There are little data available about the impact of diabetes mellitus on depression treatment and this report will provide some of this data to the treating clinician. The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) was the largest study of major depression in the U.S. to date, with an enrollment of 4041. STAR*D offered a unique opportunity to examine the impact of diabetes on depression and antidepressant treatment. This report focused on the presenting characteristics and treatment outcomes of diabetics from the first STAR*D treatment level.At study entry, diabetics differed on key socio-demographic variables, e.g. race/ethnicity and reported lower physical functioning at baseline across measures of quality of life and depression severity. Diabetics had poorer outcomes, although after adjustment for potential confounders, there was no statistically significant difference in these outcomes. Diabetics received similar treatment regimens as non-diabetic participants and reported fewer side effects at the conclusion of the first treatment level with citalopram. Diabetics also reported a lesser overall impact of side effects than non-diabetics, although these results were limited by a lack of available baseline side effect data for comparison.These findings are of some importance to clinicians. The lack of an independent association of diabetes with major depression treatment response after adjustment for confounding factors implies that clinicians can treat diabetic patients similarly to those without diabetes mellitus for major depression. This is of some public health significance as untreated or poorly treated major depression adversely impacts diabetes disease management, which in turn can lead to the development of life-threatening diabetes complications. The importance of developing MDD treatment modalities that result in sustained remission for individuals with major depression and diabetes mellitus cannot be over-stated.
Adalimumab-Induced Clinical Remission in Refractory and Long- Standing Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Case Report

The American College of Rheumatology guidelines for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA) with active arthritis and without active systemic features recommend initiation or addition of a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor in patients with moderate-to-severe disease activity who fail to respond to methotrexate therapy. We describe a child with difficult-to-treat systemic-onset JIA with a polyarticular course who achieved clinical remission on medication for the first time in over seven years after the initiation of adalimumab treatment.
Clinical verification of a hearing aid with Artificial Intelligence

34 The Hearing Journal Clinical study on an aid with Artificial Intelligence February 2005 • Vol. 58 • No. 2 A constant challenge for hearing aid manufacturers is to design a coordinated processing system that can manage and select the best response of the instrument’s various individual systems, such as adaptive directionality and noise reduction. Until now, hearing instruments have relied on comprehensive prediction models combined with sequential processing to select the preferred processing option.1,2 The problem with this approach is that it requires trying to narrow the multiplicity of communication environments into a restrictive prediction-based formula. While this may work well in the laboratory, it is less effective in real communication situations where it may select the incorrect setting up to 30% of the time.1 The simple reason is that prediction-based formulas and mathematical models simply cannot represent the unpredictability of complex communication environments. A solution to this problem is to use parallel processing. Rather than relying on predictive models, this approach processes and compares the outcome of each processing scheme in order to select and implement the best solution. This ability to evaluate multiple processing schemes simultaneously is the cornerstone of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Oticon Syncro.3 The core benefit of using AI in hearing aids is to handle the complexity of real situations, in real time, via rule-based, confirmed solutions, not simply predictions based on laboratory experiments.2 Artificial Intelligence uses parallel processing to determine simultaneously the best solution from the full range of processing options. The decision making is based on which solution provides the best speech-tonoise ratio (SpNR). Applying AI to hearing aids allows new audiologic solutions to be applied through complex, problem-solving algorithms. Syncro, which was introduced in 2004, is built on a new digital platform that implements advanced adaptive directionality, noise management, and wide dynamic range compression.4 Artificial Intelligence is the foundation of the Voice Priority Processing (VPP) system, which oversees three signal processing approaches: Multiband Adaptive Directionality, TriState Noise Management, and VoiceAligned Compression. All these systems are designed to work in synergy to optimize the signal progressively, with the priority being to supply the best possible speech understanding. The unity of this signal processing goal, combined with decision making through parallel processing, is intended to ensure that correct decisions are being made and that all systems are working toward improving speech understanding in noise. With any new hearing instrument, it is important to compare and benchmark its performance against that of other premium hearing aids to identify what critical differences among technology levels people with hearing loss may observe. This study compares Syncro with a reference advanced digital hearing instrument and each participant’s own digital hearing instruments.
The prevalence of prediabetes in population of Polish men with late-onset hypogonadism

Abstract Objective: Prediabetes patients are likely to develop type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Low testosterone is a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes in population of Polish men with late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). Methods: This study was performed in 246 men with LOH and in 184 eugonadal control group. Prediabetes was diagnosed in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), IGT or with HbA1c from 5.7 to 6.4%. Sex hormones and metabolic parameters were measured. Results: The mean TT concentration in the LOH group was 9.55 ± 1.5 nmol/l and 16.45 ± 1.8 nmol/l in the control group (p < 0.001). We observed negative relationships between cFT and HbA1c (r = −0.336; p < 0.005) and between TT and HbA1c (r = −0.366, p < 0.002), In the LOH group, prediabetes was diagnosed in 41.5% men. In the control group, prediabetes was diagnosed in 13% of patients. In the LOH group, TT and cFT levels were lower in prediabetic patients, when compared with normoglycemic patients and patients with IGT had lower TT levels than subgroups with IFG or elevated HbA1c. Conclusions: In a population of Polish men with LOH, we observed high prevalence of prediabetes and routine fasting glucose and glucose tolerance test should be performed in these patients.
Effects of the hip abduction orthosis on muscle activity in children with Cerebral Palsy

Hip abduction orthoses are commonly used as adjuncts to create a symmetrical and stable sitting position for children with spastic diplegia. This study investigated how activity in m. Adductor longus, m. Rectus femoris, m. Gastrocnemius and m. Erector spinae was affected while sitting in a ''functional sitting position'' (FSP) performing five upper extremity tasks under four test conditions, one without hip orthosis and three with the orthosis set at three different spring lengths. The experimental group consisted of four children with spastic diplegia (mean age 4 years), while five healthy children (mean age 7 years) served as controls. The initial hip abduction angle adopted spontaneously by each child was measured by a goniometer. Muscle activity was measured by surface electromyography (EMG) during three minutes under each test condition. The children in the experimental group were also assessed from videofilms with the Sitting Assessment Scale (SAS) and the SAS scores were compared to the EMG results. The results of the study failed to demonstrate significant difference in EMG voltage under different sitting conditions, without or with hip abduction orthosis adjusted to varying hip abduction positions. This may imply that if a functional sitting position is assured, further addition of an orthosis is not needed. Follow-up study on a larger group of children with CP may be advisable.
Categorising the nurse-researcher during fieldwork: ‘one of us’ or ‘one of them’?

Many nurse-researchers have considered the question of whether to ‘help out’ with clinical work while undertaking fieldwork. In this study, the nurse-researcher did not ‘help out’ and also positioned herself in an unassuming way. This produced some striking responses from nurse-participants. During the handover she became ‘one of us’ nurses, however, at the bedside the nurses struggled to designate her. Sitting on their group border, they worked either to bring her back into the group as ‘one of us’ or push her off the border to become ‘one of them’. Either way, they moved quickly to categorise this unknown presence in their midst. This categorisation, we argue, was a discursive formation in response to anxiety and illustrates how anxiety continues to function as an organising principle in nursing. The findings have implications for nurse-researchers undertaking fieldwork with hospital nurses, in relation to the question of their position in the field.
Malignant melanoma of the vulva: a clinicopathological study of 50 women

Summary. A clinicopathological review of 50 primary malignant melanomas of the vulva in the West Midlands region of England is presented. The overall 5‐year‐survival rate was 35%, when adjusted for age. Significant predictors of survival were clinical stage, patient age, tumour ulceration, cell type and mitotic rate. Tumour thickness was of prognostic importance but as a prognostic variable it did not operate independently of stage and as most lesions were deeply invasive at presentation vulval tumours must be separated for prognostic purposes into bands at greater overall thicknesses than those used for skin melanomas generally. There was no significant relation between survival and type of surgery performed as a primary therapeutic procedure.
Insomnia in Japanese peri- and postmenopausal women

Objective To determine the prevalence and to identify the correlates of insomnia in Japanese peri- and postmenopausal women. Method We retrospectively analyzed the records of 1451 peri- and postmenopausal women enrolled in the Systematic Health and Nutrition Education Program, conducted at the Menopause Clinic of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, between 1995 and 2009. Results The prevalence of insomnia was 50.8%. The severity of insomnia correlated negatively with health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) scores on all the four domains assessed: physical health, mental health, life satisfaction and social involvement. With regard to other menopausal symptoms, insomnia correlated more strongly with depressed mood than with vasomotor symptoms, and one-third of insomniac women were seriously depressed. On categorizing the participants into four groups – not insomniac or depressed, N; insomniac but not depressed, I; not insomniac but depressed, D; insomniac and depressed, ID – the HR-QOL scores were observed to worsen in order N > I > D > ID. No significant difference was detected between groups I and ID with regard to their sleep quality measures. The number of heavy smokers was high in groups I and ID. With regard to the effect of the combination of medication and health/nutrition education, hormone therapy and nightly hypnotics significantly improved the insomnia symptoms, but hypnotics administered ‘as needed’ did not. Conclusions Insomnia in Japanese peri- and postmenopausal women correlates more strongly with depressed mood than with vasomotor symptoms. Cessation of smoking may improve the women's sleep quality, and hormone therapy and nightly hypnotics are both effective treatments.
The NIAAA BSN Nursing Education Curriculum: A Rationale and Overview

Since the 1980s, nurse educators have directly acknowledged the need for alcohol and health content in undergraduate nursing curricula (e.g., Church, 1995; Hoffman & Heinemann, 1987; Murphy, 1989). The nation’s capacity to reduce the negative impact of alcohol on health would be greatly increased if all nurses had basic clinical skills related to the prevention and treatment of alcohol related health consequences across the life span. However, alcohol content in nursing curricula today continues to be spotty and inconsistent (Campbell-Heider et al., 2009; Pillon, Ramos, Villar-Luis, & Rassool, 2004; Rassol & Rawaf, 2007). The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) is directly addressing this gap in collaboration with nurse experts in the field of addictions nursing through the introduction of a web-based curriculum on alcohol and health for nurses. NIAAA is one of the 19 Institutes comprising the U.S. National Institutes of Health. NIAAA provides leadership in the national effort to reduce alcohol-related problems by conducting and supporting research in a wide range of scientific areas including genetics, neuroscience, epidemiology, the health risks and benefits of alcohol consumption, and the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related harm. An important piece of the Christine Savage
Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Jamaica

The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for falling among community-dwelling older adults in Jamaica. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of 2,943 older adults. The fall prevalence in the past 6 months was 21.7%. In univariate analysis, a significantly greater proportion of women, the increasingly old, rural residents, persons with vision problems (including cataracts), and those with key chronic conditions reported falling in this period compared with those without these respective attributes (p < .05). The majority of falls reported have occurred in the home (54.3%), and restriction of activities due to fear of falling was reported by 34.6% of respondents. Logistic regression found sex, area of residence, eyesight problems, cataracts, high blood pressure, and depression to be independent risk factors for falling. The falls in older adults represent a major public health issue. Identification of modifiable risk factors in developing countries such as Jamaica may help in the development of appropriate strategies to reduce fall risk.
Chronic disease management for tobacco dependence

This randomised control trial compared the efficacy of utilising chronic disease management principles for tobacco dependence using a tailored intervention with standard care. As tobacco dependence is a chronic relapsing condition, the tailored intervention was chosen to account for possible interim setbacks. Four hundred and forty-three eligible participants received five telephone-counselling calls and 4 weeks of nicotine …
An outlook of the medical instruments industry: a technological perspective

This study analyses 5839 patents relevant to the medical instruments industry, and forms a subsequent patent map. All patents are listed on the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) index. In the analyses of technology and citation, it is found that the value of the patent is much more important than the quantity. In short, companies with better development in research enjoy more advantages in the industry. In comparing International Patent Classification (IPC) and US Patent Classification (UPC) analysis, the process of developing medical instruments tends to be upgraded with technology and tends to be international. To sum up, this study shows two findings: firstly, the top five companies in the field of medical instrument research specialise in different areas; and secondly, interaction/cooperation in technology and research can help significantly in developing patents in the medical instruments industry.
WAYS OF COPING: UNDERSTANDING WORKPLACE STRESS AND COPING MECHANISMS FOR HOSPICE NURSES

OBJECTIVE: Hospice programs consider nursing their primary source of professional services. Recruitment and retainment of hospice nurses has been a challenge in the last decade due in part to workplace stress. This research seeks to expand the current body of knowledge surrounding the coping process for this group. Additionally, this research explores the availability and adequacy of workplace resources in order to recommend how organizations can assist in the coping process. METHODS: This study included registered and licensed practical nurses. Eligible subjects were invited to participate in focus group sessions. Participants also completed a survey that collected demographic information and assessed coping strategies through the use of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was performed on interview data. Descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations were performed on the quantitative data. RESULTS: Hospice nurses reported that social support, humor and prayer/meditation were the most effective coping mechanisms. The majority of the participants shared that their hospice agencies offered no formal resources to assist them in times of stress. Informal resources emphasized individual efforts at ameliorating stress that offer little to no long-term therapeutic value. Quantitative results supported focus group feedback in regards to most frequently used strategies. Moderate associations were found between hospice nurse experience and planful problem solving and seeking social support. CONCLUSION: Traditional approaches to combat workplace stress have focused solely on individual efforts. Organizations have an opportunity to develop quality workplace resources that consider the person-environment relationship and build upon coping strategies that nurses find most effective. This information challenges organizations to explore and make available beneficial coping resources with their staff. PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE: Hospice nurses have been identified as a high-risk group for burnout and fatigue as a consequence of workplace stress. The results of this study indicate that there are disparate programs across hospice settings to assist nurses in coping with job stress. Further, hospice nurses consider these efforts to be primarily inadequate and ineffective. Future research should focus on identifying standard policies and practices that best protect this group from injury and illness and ensures the longevity of hospice care.