Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deregulation of c-Myc Confers Distinct Survival Requirements for Memory B Cells, Plasma Cells, and Their Progenitors1

Deregulation of the c-Myc oncogene is tightly associated with human and murine plasma cell (PC) neoplasms. Through the analysis of Ag-specific B cell responses in mice where Myc is targeted to the Igh Cα locus, we show here that c-Myc dramatically impairs the primary and secondary Ab response. This impairment is differentiation stage specific, since germinal center B cell formation, affinity maturation, and class switch recombination were intact. Examination of PC viability revealed that c-Myc triggered apoptosis only upon final maturation when Ab is secreted and is resistant to the survival factor BAFF (B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family). In contrast, PC precursors (PCpre) that ultimately give rise to mature PCs survived normally and vigorously expanded with BAFF signaling. We further show that c-Myc also facilitates the apoptosis of memory B cells. Thus, Cα-Myc controls both cellular arms of long-lived B cell immunity than previously anticipated. Only when deregulation of c-Myc was combined with enforced Bcl-xL expression were mature PCs able to survive in response to BAFF. These data indicate that the survival requirements for tumor-susceptible PCpre and PCs are distinct and that tumor progression likely develops as PCpre transition to functional PCs when apoptotic pathways such as members of the Bcl-2 family are disabled.
A intervenção do Enfermeiro de Reabilitação face à pessoa com alteração da deglutição, em situação de AVC, promotora da independência na atividade de vida comer e beber

A alteracao da degluticao (disfagia) surge com frequencia na pessoa em situacao de AVC. Esta condicao pode, desencadear um nivel de dependencia na atividade de vida comer e beber, pelo que o Enfermeiro de Reabilitacao deve atuar, com um conjunto de intervencoes especificas, de modo a melhorar a funcionalidade da degluticao da pessoa com o objetivo de promover a independencia nesta atividade de vida, melhorando a sua qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Conhecer a evidencia cientifica no que se refere a intervencao do Enfermeiro de Reabilitacao face a pessoa com alteracao da degluticao, em situacao de AVC, que seja promotora da independencia na atividade de vida comer e beber. METODOS: Revisao Sistematica da Literatura pelo metodo PI[C]OD. Foram incluidos tres estudos a partir da pesquisa em bases de dados electronicas (EBSCO). RESULTADOS: Os estudos mostram que existem diversas intervencoes do Enfermeiro de Reabilitacao, face a pessoa com alteracao da degluticao (disfagia), em situacao de AVC, que ajudam e/ou melhoram a independencia na atividade de vida comer e beber, permitindo uma maior seguranca no ato de deglutir, evitando dessa forma possiveis complicacoes. Palavras-chave: Enfermagem; Reabilitacao; AVC; Degluticao; Alteracoes na degluticao
Modified Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Rapid Identification and Typing of Clostridium difficile during Institutional Outbreaks

ABSTRACT A modified multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MMLVA) method was validated on Clostridium difficile-infected stool specimens from institutional outbreaks. The method allows simultaneous detection of toxin genes, deletions, and tandem repeats from cultured isolates or stool specimens. Results were used to aid institutional outbreak investigation by identifying clusters of NAP1/027.
Detection of Clostridium difficile Toxin: Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassay Results with Results Obtained by Cytotoxicity Assay

ABSTRACT Several kinds of laboratory techniques are available to detect Clostridium difficile toxin in fecal samples. Because questions have been raised about the reliability of immunoassays compared to the accepted standard, cytotoxicity assay, we studied three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and one rapid EIA, which demonstrated relatively good sensitivities and specificities compared to cytotoxicity assay.
Source/Drain dopant concentration induced reliability issues in charge trapping NAND flash cells

Source/Drain (S/D) dopant concentration related reliability issues including erase speed degradation, sub-threshold swing (SS) increase, and program/erase (P/E) cycling induced low threshold voltage (VT) state drift and on-state current (ION) reduction are carefully examined in charge trapping (CT) NAND flash memories. Residual charges above S/D junctions has been identified as a dominant factor and cell performances are greatly improved with increasing S/D dosages. Moreover, a new program disturbance behavior, which possibly originates from junction leakage or breakdown induced hot carriers injection, is observed. Simulation results confirm that a high lateral junction field occurs at a program-disturbed cell once its S/D is fully depleted. Although optimizing S/D dosage can ease this situation, it is still a possible obstacle for further device scaling.
Hyperspectral Image Classification based on Co-training

The abundant information available in hyperspectral image has provided important opportunities for land-cover classification and recognition. However, “Curse of dimensionality” and small training sample set are two difficulties which hinder the improvement of computational efficiency and classification precision. In this paper, we present a co-training based method on hyperspectral image classification. Firstly, two views of samples are generated through two kinds of dimensionality reduction methods. After that, the co-training process is viewed as combinative label propagation over two independent views. Experimental results on real hyperspectral image show that the proposed method has better performance than the other state-of-the-art methods.
Shattuck lecture--neurodegenerative diseases and prions.

Twenty-five years ago, little was known about the causes of neurodegenerative diseases. Now, however, it is clear that they result from abnormalities in the processing of proteins. In each of these diseases, defective processing causes the accumulation of one or more specific neuronal proteins. Of all the laboratory research on neurodegenerative diseases, the studies that led to the discovery of prions have yielded the most unexpected findings. The idea that a protein can act as an infectious pathogen and cause degeneration of the central nervous system was accepted only after a long and arduous battle.1 The concept of prions not .
Distributed Polarization X-talk Measurement for the production of Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Coils

This note introduces the use of distributed polarization x-talk measurement for raw polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) quality inspection, PMF coil winding process monitoring, PMF coil adhesive curing and stress release monitoring, overall PMF coil quality inspection, and temperature induced stress determination. PMF birefringence temperature variation can also be precisely measured. The use of distributed polarization x-talk measurement at all of these stages of the process can greatly improve the performance of the finished PMF coils.
IMPACTO NOS CUSTOS DECORRENTES DA ADOÇÃO DO SPED: UM ESTUDO REALIZADO EM EMPRESAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE JOÃO PESSOA

O Sistema Publico de Escrituracao Digital (SPED) visa acelerar, padronizar e simplificar as relacoes entre o fisco e o contribuinte. Representando, paralelamente ao processo de convergencia as normas internacionais de contabilidade, grandes mudancas operacionais, legais e profissionais na area contabil, as quais proporcionarao rapidez aos procedimentos de declaracao e ganho de eficiencia aos processos de fiscalizacao. No entanto, as adequacoes necessarias para implantacao do sistema sao complexas e as empresas e os profissionais enfrentam dificuldades para se adaptar a nova realidade. Deste modo, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar, atraves de uma pesquisa descritiva com o uso de 56 questionarios respondidos por empresarios, sobre o impacto nos custos decorrentes da adocao ao SPED, em empresas do municipio de Joao Pessoa. Os achados mostram que houve um aumento na aplicacao de recursos (horas de trabalho, sistemas, servicos contabeis) por parte das empresas. Percebeu-se, que 75% dos participantes afirmaram que houve aumento do numero de pessoas responsaveis pelo cumprimento das obrigacoes acessorias, representando aumento com gastos relacionados a mao de obra, entretanto 62,5% das empresas afirmaram que nao foi possivel perceber reducao de custos administrativos apos a implantacao do SPED. Acerca dos reflexos nos gastos com o trabalho e com os custos operacionais decorrente do SPED, 78,6% das empresas reconheceram que houve reducao nos custos com emissao e armazenamento de documentos em papel. Os principais beneficios percebidos na pratica foram melhorias gerenciais, maior controle interno, reducao de custos e reducao no tempo de escrituracao e uma maior preocupacao com a qualidade das informacoes a serem fornecidas as autoridades tributarias.
The myelin–axolemmal complex: biochemical dissection and the role of galactosphingolipids

Myelin–axolemmal interactions regulate many cellular and molecular events, including gene expression, oligodendrocyte survival and ion channel clustering. Here we report the biochemical fractionation and enrichment of distinct subcellular domains from myelinated nerve fibers. Using antibodies against proteins found in compact myelin, non‐compact myelin and axolemma, we show that a rigorous procedure designed to purify myelin also results in the isolation of the myelin–axolemmal complex, a high‐affinity protein complex consisting of axonal and oligodendroglial components. Further, the isolation of distinct subcellular domains from galactolipid‐deficient mice with disrupted axoglial junctions is altered in a manner consistent with the delocalization of axolemmal proteins observed in these animals. These results suggest a paradigm for identification of proteins involved in neuroglial signaling.
Research on a novel multi-band fractal triangle frequency selective surfaces

A novel multi-band frequency selective surfaces (FSS) based on fractal triangle elements is proposed. The structure consists of three regular triangles placed into a larger one and many nesting triangles of different lengths and apex angles inside in front of a dielectric slab. Simulation by CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is conducted to analyze the characteristics of the structure. The results show that the FSS has three resonant frequencies in frequency band 0–20GHz, good angle stability and polarization stability. Moreover, effects of the parameters of the structure: the length of the side, the apex angle and the nesting number are analyzed, which provides theoretical basis for practical use.
In Vivo and In Vitro Cytokine Modulatory Activity of Newly Synthesised 2-Aminotetraline Derivatives

In the present study, the protective effect of newly synthesised 2-aminotetralines was investigated in murine models of toxic shock. A few derivatives protected mice against lethality induced by lipopolysaccharide from different bacterial strains and shock induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B in mice sensitized by D-Galactosamine (D-Galn). Notably, one derivative, S(−)-2-amino-6-fluoro-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene hydrochloride (ST1214), was also effective when administered orally (30 mg kg−1) in a therapeutic regimen. ST1214 markedly inhibited the production of the proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;), Interleukin-1&bgr; (IL-1&bgr;), Interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-&ggr; (IFN-&ggr;), as well as the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO), and concurrently enhanced the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Moreover, ST1214 dose-dependently reduced TNF-&agr; production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and promonocytic THP-1 cells in vitro. In the latter, ST1214 was found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-&agr; secretion but not cytokine mRNA accumulation. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of ST1214 involves blockade of posttranscriptional events of TNF-&agr; production, apparently independent of p38 and ERK kinase activity. These results show beneficial effects of 2-aminotetralines in murine shock models and indicate a distinct counter-regulatory activity in down-regulating proinflammatory cytokine response, and upregulating IL-10. One derivative, i.e., ST1214, can be regarded as a lead compound in the development of novel drugs effective in anti-inflammatory strategies.
Metacognición en estudiantes de educación superior en la ciudad de Durango, Dgo., México

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo saber que tanto utilizan la metacognicion los estudiantes a nivel licenciatura para resolver las dificultades que enfrentan cotidianamente en su vida escolar. Se aplico el Cuestionario de Metacognicion construido por Labatut (2004) con base en el modelo de Mayor y otros (1993) a una muestra de 392 estudiantes a nivel licenciatura de diferentes instituciones de educacion superior en la ciudad de Durango, Dgo, Mexico. Este instrumento incluye items relativos a tres macrocomponentes de la actividad metacognitiva: conciencia, control y autopoiesis. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes universitarios utilizan con frecuencia la metacognicion como una estrategia para el aprendizaje. El uso que hacen de la conciencia es de 74.46%, el control de 69.53% y el de autopoiesis de 72.55%. Al hacer el cruzamiento del uso de la metacognicion con el promedio de calificaciones de los alumnos se pudo observar una relacion directamente proporcional. Se observo tambien que los alumnos de semestres avanzados, utilizan mas la metacognicion.
High extracellular calcium stimulates osteoclast‐like cell formation and bone‐resorbing activity in the presence of osteoblastic cells

The present study was performed to examine the effect of the high concentration of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]e) on osteoclast‐like cell formation and bone‐resorbing activity in the presence or absence of osteoblasts. High [Ca2+]e (3 and 5 mM) significantly stimulated osteoclast‐like cell formation in osteoblast‐containing mouse bone cell cultures, although high [Ca2+]e did not affect the formation of osteoclast‐like cells from hemopoietic blast cells supported by granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in mouse spleen cell cultures. The osteoclast‐like cells, newly formed by high [Ca2+]e in the presence of osteoblasts, possessed the ability to form pits on the dentine slices. The conditioned medium from osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with high [Ca2+]e (5 mM) significantly increased the formation of osteoclast‐like cells from hemopoietic blast cells, compared with the control medium. Dantrolene, an inhibitor of calcium mobilization from the intracellular calcium pool, and indomethacin significantly blocked high [Ca2+]e‐stimulated osteoclast‐like cell formation in the presence of osteoblasts, although voltage‐dependent calcium channel blockers and anti‐insulin‐like growth factor I antibody did not affect it. High [Ca2+]e, however, significantly stimulated the bone‐resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts in osteoblast‐containing mouse bone cell cultures, although high [Ca2+]e inhibited bone‐resorbing activity in isolated rabbit osteoclasts. An increase in the extracellular magnesium concentration (5 mM) affected neither osteoclast‐like cell formation nor bone‐resorbing activity. In conclusion, high [Ca2+]e stimulated osteoclast‐like cell formation and bone‐resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts, presumably via osteoblasts. (J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:912‐920)
Effects of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine and related compounds on corticosterone release in rats

1 The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.e.v.) injection of histamine and related compounds on plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations were studied in conscious rats. 2 Histamine at doses of 5–20 μg kg−1 rapidly increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations almost simultaneously, and subsequent courses were also similar to each other. However, in the case of CRF‐41 (i.v.), the plasma ACTH concentration first increased followed by an increase in plasma corticosterone concentration. Even in hypophysectomized rats, a significant increase in plasma corticosterone concentration was induced by histamine at doses of 20 and 50 μg kg−1. 3 Histamine at doses of 10 and 20 μg kg−1 elicited an increase in the amplitude of adrenal nerve activity, and electrical stimulation to the adrenal nerves resulted in an increase in plasma corticosterone concentration. 4 Both H1‐agonist (2‐methylhistamine) and H2‐agonists (4‐methylhistamine and impromidine) also induced similar effects to those of histamine. Pretreatment with pyrilamine caused an inhibition of histamine‐induced increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations, while both cimetidine and ranitidine failed to inhibit this effect. However, both H2‐blockers were effective in inhibiting the 4‐methylhistamine‐induced elevation of plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. 5 Neither (R)‐α‐methylhistamine nor thioperamide had a significant effect, indicating that the H3‐receptor is not involved in the histamine‐induced increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations. 6 From these findings, it was concluded that (1) electrical signals transmitted from the brain to the adrenal gland through the neurones may be involved in the rapid corticosterone release induced by histamine, and (2) not only H1‐ but also H2‐receptors are implicated in histamine‐induced hormone secretions in rats, though the contribution of the H2‐receptor is less important than that of the H1‐receptor.
Bridging behavior and biology to reduce socioeconomic disparities in colorectal cancer risk.

During the last quarter of the 20th century, the incidence of colorectal cancer in the United States declined by 22%. Half of this decline has been attributed to changes in health behaviors, such as red meat consumption and physical activity, and the other half has been ascribed to increased screening with fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy (1). The declining incidence of colorectal cancer accelerated from 1999 to 2008 with average annual reductions of 2%–3% for both men and women (2), representing a shared accomplishment of public health and health care. These improvements, however, have been disproportionately concentrated among more educated and affluent Americans. In 2000, rates of obesity were higher and rates of colorectal cancer screening were substantially lower among adults with less education, as reported in the National Health Interview Survey (3). As a result, even though the overall incidence of colorectal cancer has declined in recent decades, socioeconomic disparities in colorectal cancer incidence remain substantial (4). Moreover, disparities in colorectal cancer mortality by education and race have actually increased since 1993 and thus represent a growing concern (5).
Molecular‐cytogenetic comparison of mucosa‐associated marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma and large B‐cell lymphoma arising in the gastro‐intestinal tract

Extranodal B‐cell lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type may represent a model of lymphoma progression, because a small cell component frequently occurs in the large cell variants. We studied 52 extranodal B‐cell lymphomas: 18 extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas of MALT type (MZBL,MT), 7 MZBL,MT of the gastro‐intestinal tract with a diffuse large B‐cell component (giMZBLplusLBCL), and 27 diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas of the gastro‐intestinal tract without small cell component (giLBCL). Analytical techniques were comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The translocation t(11;18) was found as the sole aberration in two MZBL,MT only. In contrast to this, t(11;18)‐negative MZBL,MT were characterized by frequent gains on chromosome 3 and DNA amplifications on 2p13–p15. Furthermore, we found a clonal lymphoma progression from the small to the large cell component with accumulation of gains and losses of chromosomal material in the large cell component in giMZBLplusLBCL. Aberrations overlapping with MZBL,MT and giMZBLplusLBCL included losses on chromosome 13, amplifications of the REL proto‐oncogene, or gains on chromosome 12. In addition, the large cell component revealed gains on 8q24, including amplifications of the MYC proto‐oncogene, and losses on 2q. The giLBCL had frequent gains on chromosomes 12 and 9, as well as on 11q, and losses on 6q. We conclude that, based on the distinctive and partly overlapping patterns of genetic aberrations, MALT lymphomas can be divided into different genetic subgroups. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Face Processing Changes in Normal Aging Revealed by fMRI Adaptation

We investigated the neural correlates of facial processing changes in healthy aging using fMRI and an adaptation paradigm. In the scanner, participants were successively presented with faces that varied in identity, viewpoint, both, or neither and performed a head size detection task independent of identity or viewpoint. In right fusiform face area (FFA), older adults failed to show adaptation to the same face repeatedly presented in the same view, which elicited the most adaptation in young adults. We also performed a multivariate analysis to examine correlations between whole-brain activation patterns and behavioral performance in a face-matching task tested outside the scanner. Despite poor neural adaptation in right FFA, high-performing older adults engaged the same face-processing network as high-performing young adults across conditions, except the one presenting a same facial identity across different viewpoints. Low-performing older adults used this network to a lesser extent. Additionally, high-performing older adults uniquely recruited a set of areas related to better performance across all conditions, indicating age-specific involvement of this added network. This network did not include the core ventral face-processing areas but involved the left inferior occipital gyrus, frontal, and parietal regions. Although our adaptation results show that the neuronal representations of the core face-preferring areas become less selective with age, our multivariate analysis indicates that older adults utilize a distinct network of regions associated with better face matching performance, suggesting that engaging this network may compensate for deficiencies in ventral face processing regions.
Self-Rated Health Among Adult Women of Mexican Origin

Self-rated health (SRH), a consistent predictor of mortality among diverse populations, is sensitive to health indicators and social factors. American-born Hispanics report better SRH than their foreign-born counterparts but simultaneously report poorer health indicators and have shorter life expectancy. Using a matched prospective cross-sectional design, we analyzed data from 631 age-matched pairs of women, born in the United States or Mexico. The first goal was to describe the relationships between SRH and health behaviors, physician-diagnosed chronic conditions, acculturation, and socioeconomic status (SES) by birthplace. The second goal was to investigate the relative influence of these factors in explaining expected differences in SRH between the two groups. Number of chronic conditions reported, particularly depression, more strongly influenced SRH than SES, acculturation, birthplace, or reported health risk behaviors.
50.5 nJ, 750 fs All-fiber all polarization-maintaining fiber laser

We report on our recent experiments of a 50.5 nJ, 750 fs ultra-stable dissipative soliton fiber laser in the presence of Raman scattering in a long ring cavity. We demonstrated that a transition from noise-like soliton to stable dissipate soliton took place at sufficiently high pulse energy.