Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Albumina humana prescrita para casos de desnutrição em hospitais do Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO: Este estudo descreve e analisa a adequacao da prescricao da AH, para reposicao nutricional, nos hospitais da regiao metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e explora o uso do SIH/SUS para avaliar o perfil e a qualidade da prescricao de medicamentos. METODOS: As informacoes foram extraidas do Sistema de Informacoes Hospitalares do Sistema Unico de Saude (SIH/SUS), entre 1999 e 2001. RESULTADOS: Houve registro de utilizacao de AH para reposicao nutricional em 121 internacoes de maiores de um ano, nas quais a justificativa mais frequente foi a desnutricao proteico-calorica (93%). O uso da AH foi classificado como inadequado em 91% dos casos. Em 51% dos casos ocorreu o obito e a clinica medica foi responsavel 87% das internacoes. A inadequacao de prescricao esteve associada positivamente a duracao da internacao, com RP 1,14 (IC95% 1,01-1,28). O obito mostrou associacao positiva com a idade do paciente, com RP 1,72 (IC 95% 1,19-2,48). A ausencia de parâmetros laboratoriais e a insuficiencia de informacoes clinicas no banco limitaram a analise dos dados. O sub-registro no SIH das internacoes no âmbito do SUS foi outro importante fator limitante para o conhecimento do problema. CONCLUSAO: Apesar das limitacoes, o estudo mostrou o elevado nivel de inadequacao de utilizacao da AH para reposicao nutricional e as possibilidades de uso do banco do SIH/SUS na avaliacao da qualidade da prescricao de medicamentos como a AH incluidos entre os procedimentos especiais.
Anterior Discectomy and Fusion versus Posterior Foraminotomy in Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy: A Comparative Prospective Study

Introduction: Cervical radiculopathy is caused by either cervical disc herniation or bone spurs due to cervical spine degeneration. It is common in middle aged and elderly patients. Those patients who are refractory to conservative treatment are candidates for surgical management. The surgical approaches for cervical radiculopathy are either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF). In spite of many reports on ACDF and PCF, only a few studies directly compare the outcomes of both techniques. Purpose: To compare anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy, regarding the surgical, clinical and radiological outcomes. Patient and methods: This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical study carried on 44 patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy. They are divided into 2 groups; group (A) included 23 patients who underwent ACDF and group (B) included 21 patients who underwent PCF, with 1 year follow up. The patient age, sex, clinical manifestations, surgical outcomes as number of cervical level, operative time, blood loss, complications and length of hospital stay were recorded. Visual analogus scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI) were used for evaluation of clinical outcomes. Postoperative imaging was done after 1 year to detect instability or adjacent level degeneration. Chi-square and unpaired T-test were used to compare the mean values of both groups. Results: The mean age was nearly 45 years for both groups. C5-6 ACDF was the most common level in group (A), while C6-7 PCF was the most frequent operated level in group (B). PCF group had less operative time, blood loss and length of hospital stay than ACDF group. Clinical improvement of the mean values of VAS and NDI were more pronounced in PCF group as compared to ACDF group with statistically significant difference. No cases of cervical instability were recorded during the period of follow up. Conclusion: Posterior cervical foraminotomy is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy as compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. PCF has a shorter operative time, less hospital stay and better clinical outcome.
CAUSES OF SEVERE VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AND BLINDNESS AMONG CHILDREN IN VISUALLY HANDICAPPED SCHOOLS IN JORDAN

Objectives: To identify the major causes of severe visual impairment and blindness among children in visually handicapped schools in Amman-Jordan with a view to determine potentially preventable and treatable causes. Methods: This study was conducted in two schools for visually handicapped children in Amman. The medical records of 160 students were reviewed during the period between August and October 2005. Results: A total of one hundred and sixty students (85 males and 75 females, aged 6-18 years) were enrolled in the study. Twenty-eight children (17.5%) had severe visual impairment and 132 (82.5%) were blind. Retinal abnormalities were the most common pathology (41.9%). Glaucoma, primary optic nerve pathology and cataract constituted 18.8%, 13.1% and 11.3% respectively. According to timing of insult, the major cause of visual impairment was hereditary diseases (50%), followed by abnormalities of unknown timing of insult (30%). It was estimated that 71 children (44.4%) suffer from visual impairment caused by potentially preventable or treatable conditions. Conclusions: The major causes of severe visual impairment and blindness among children in visually handicapped schools were glaucoma, primary optic nerve pathology and cataract.
Role of Calcium in Cerebellar Learning and Function

textabstractThe cerebellum, which means little brain in Latin, occupies most of the posterior cranial fossa and connects with the dorsal brainstem (Kandel et al., 2000). The cerebellar cortex is one of the most foliated brain structures, which accounts for 10% of the total volume and over half of the total neurons in the central nervous system of higher vertebrates (Llinas et al., 2004). The unique position and structure of cerebellum has inspired neuroscientists over the past century to dedicate their research and imagination to uncover the function of the cerebellum. In the late 19th century, the cerebellum was suggested to be involved in controlling the spatial accuracy and temporal coordination of motor movement, based on clinical studies on cerebellar specific lesion patients. Further studies suggested that the learning and memory of motor movements may also be stored in cerebellum (for review see Dow and Moruzzi, 1958). Meanwhile, in the late 19th and early 20th century, the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi as well as his Spanish colleague and life-long competitor Santiago Ramon y Cajal (who shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1906) carried out their pioneer research on the detailed cellular organization of the cerebellum (and other parts of the central nervous system). Their studies provided the initial description of the cerebellar circuit.
Window to the Central Nervous System - Advanced Retinal Imaging for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

More than a century has passed since the first case of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was described, but unfortunately establishing a probable clinical diagnosis still remains a challenge, and is often a long process of excluding other possible causes of dementia. There is a demand for an accurate, accessible, and preferably non-invasive tool for more timely and effective diagnosis. The eyes, especially the retina and optic nerve have received considerable attention in recent years with advanced digital imaging as a route for researchers to catch a glimpse of the central nervous system (CNS) in vivo. In this mini review, we aim to firstly, describe current diagnostic protocols for AD, and secondly, discuss the technology, specificity, and current research surrounding retinal imaging for AD diagnosis.
Hookworm infections among the school-aged children in Okuta Community, Kwara State, Nigeria

Human hookworm infection, as an important soil transmitted helminth, affects both young and adult in most resource-poor communities in sub-tropical part of the developing world. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, intensity and associated risk factors of hookworm infection in two secondary schools of Okuta, Baruten Local Government of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 304 stool samples were screened parasitologically using Kato-Katz thick smear method. Data regarding socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors were obtained using pre-tested structured questionnaire. The overall prevalence of hookworm infection was 17.8% with average intensity of 718.67 ± 160.86 epg. The prevalence and intensity of infection follows the same pattern, significantly related ( p = 0.001) with the age of individual with peak of infection rate 25 years age-group and independent of sex ( p = 0.995) with males (55.6%, 748.00 191.91) and females (44.4%, 682.00 103.27). The study observed that variables such as taking of anti-helminths drugs, parents’ occupation, age-group and source of drinking water were significant ( p < 0.05). Therefore, intervention measures such as chemotherapy, provision of adequate sanitary facilities and safe drinking water would help to ameliorate hookworm infection. Keywords: hookworm, Okuta, Kato-Katz, intensity, chemotherapy.
Effect of Hexagonal Water on Serum Glucose Level and Lipid Profile in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent abnormalities in all over the world. Nowadays, there are lots of attempts to reduce its disturbances and defects by changing life style to access some moderate effect with minimum side effects. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of hexagonal water in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 24 male rats, which became diabetic with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), then were divided into two groups, control diabetic rats and hexagonal-treated diabetic rats (test group). Hexagonal water was administered to the test group and control group received normal water. Results: After 4 weeks, results showed a significant decrease in serum glucose and triglyceride levels and more water intake in the hexagonal group, suggesting that consumption of the hexagonal water can make a better hydration and metabolic condition in diabetic rats. Conclusions: Hexagonal water has no significant effect(s) on total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL; however, more experiments are needed to clarify all aspects of hexagonal water consumption on diabetes. Keywords: Hexagonal; Water; Blood Glucose; Lipid; Profile; Diabetic; Rats
A RARE FORM OF BREAST FIBROADENOMA: INTRADUCTAL FIBROADENOMATOSIS

In this paper, we present an unusual form of fibroadenoma in a 31-year-old female. Ultrasonography revealed multiple, hypoechoic,solid tubular structures that converged toward the areola. The mass removed totally. Histopathological diagnosis was intraductal form of fibroadenoma. To the best of our knowledge, no reference to this histopathologic and radiologic findings has previously been reported in the literature.
High concentration oxygen therapy in acute respiratory disease

xv Abbreviations and symbols xvii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 The current approach to acute oxygen therapy 1 1.2 Uncontrolled oxygen in non-respiratory disease 3 1.3 Uncontrolled oxygen in respiratory disease 5 1.4 Thesis aim 7 1.5 Thesis outline 8 1.6 Definitions 9 Chapter 2: Background history and respiratory physiology 11 2.1 The history of oxygen as a medical therapy 11 2.1.1 Discovery 11 iii 2.1.2 Early attempts at therapy 15 2.1.3 The modern era 17 2.2 Respiratory physiology 22 2.2.1 Pulmonary ventilation 23 2.2.2 Gas exchange 25 2.2. 3 Ventilation-perfusion matching 28 2.2. 4 Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction 30 2.2. 5 Carbon dioxide elimination 30 2.2. 6 Physiological dead space 32 Chapter 3: Oxygen therapy in acute respiratory disease 35 3.1 COPD 35 3.1.1 Pathophysiology of acute exacerbations of COPD 35 3.1.2 Oxygen therapy in AECOPD 44 3.2 Asthma 66 3.2.1 Pathophysiology of acute severe asthma 66 3.2.2 Oxygen therapy in acute severe asthma 68 3.3 Pneumonia 83 3.4 Summary 86 Chapter 4: A randomised controlled trial of high concentration versus titrated oxygen in acute asthma-methods 88 4.1 Outline of the study 88
Enhancing safe medication practices: an interprofessional education approach

The current status of interprofessional education in Australian and New Zealand universities is largely unexamined despite its generally acknowledged benefit. Data is also limited about the use of interprofessional education in teaching medication safety to nursing, pharmacy and medical students. For this reason a web-based cross sectional survey was used to gather information from Australian and New Zealand universities offering nursing, pharmacy or medical programs. Responses were received from 31 of the 43 (72%) target universities. Eighty percent of the participants indicated that they currently offer interprofessional education experiences, but only 24% of these experiences met the accepted definition of interprofessional education. Of the participants who offer interprofessional education as defined by Center for the Advancement of Interprofessional Education only 50% use it to teach medication safety. Timetabling restrictions and lack of appropriate teaching and learning resources were identified as the main barriers to implementation of interprofessional education. All participants reported that staff development, multi-media and e-learning resources would be beneficial to interprofessional education initiatives and the teaching of medication safety. Innovative approaches will be needed to overcome the barriers and facilitate the uptake of quality interprofessional education more broadly. Web based and elearning options promise a possible way forward, particularly in the teaching of medication safety to nursing, pharmacy and medical students.
Genetic Determinants of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

textabstractThe study demonstrates the firstevidence of a significant association between the T/T148 genotype at the . -fibrinogen gene and carotid atherosclerosis. The results should be interpreted with caution, given the small number of T/T homozygotes. A larger cohort will ultimately be required to confirm whether or not this association is real.
Significance of Anti-C1q Antibodies in Lupus Nephritis

Background. The aim of this study is to assess the antiC1q antibodies (anti-C1q Ab) in the serum of patients with lupus nephritis and to investigate the association of these autoantibodies with other clinical and laboratory parameters, renal histological characteristics and disease activity. Methods. Sera from 54 patients (49 female, 5 male) with lupus nephritis were collected from peripheral blood at the time of renal biopsy and after mean 64,2 ± 4,97 months (from 56 to 77). The disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI. Renal histopathology was classified according to the ISN/RPS revised criteria for nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Results. 43 (79,63 %) patients had positive baseline anti-C1q Ab with mean antibody level of 99,84 ± 35,55 IU/ml. There is a positive correlation between the presence of anti-C1q antibodies and SLEDAI (r=0,71; P<0,001), activity index (r=0,53, P<0,001), proteinuria (r=0,49, P<0,01), glomerular leucocyte infiltration (r=0,38, P<0,001), fibrinoid necrosis (r=0,59, P<0,001), endocapillary hypercellularity (r=0,41, P<0,001). The prevalence of antiC1q antibody in patients with diffuse proliferative renal lesions (class IV) is significantly higher than in patients with non-diffuse proliferative renal lesions (class II +III) and with membranous lesions (class V). Conclusions. The anti-C1qAb could be used as a marker for disease course monitoring and to determine the treatment strategy and the prognosis.
An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on Acupuncture for Post-Acute Stroke Dysphagia

Background: Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) on acupuncture treatment for post-acute stroke dysphagia have been published. Conflicting results from different SRs necessitated an overview to summarize and assess the quality of this evidence to determine whether acupuncture is effective for this condition. The aim was to evaluate methodological quality and summarizing the evidence for important outcomes. Methods: Seven databases were searched for SRs and/or meta-analysis of RCTs and quasi-RCTs on acupuncture for post-acute stroke dysphagia. Two authors independently identified SRs and meta-analyses, collected data to assess the quality of included SRs and meta analyses according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Results: Searches yielded 382 SRs, 31 were included. The quality of 22 SRs was critically low, five SRs were low, and four Cochrane SRs were moderate when evaluated by AMSTAR2. A total of 17 SRs reported 85.2–96.3% of PRISMA items. Five SRs included explanatory RCTs, 16 SRs included pragmatic RCTs, and 10 SRs included both. Conclusion: Currently, evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture on post-acute stroke dysphagia is of a low quality. The type of study appeared to have no direct influence on the result, but the primary outcome measures showed a relationship with the quality of SRs. High quality trials with large sample sizes should be the focus of future research.
Evaluation of Cultures Obtained from Cancer Patients During Febrile Neutropenia

Febrile neutropenia is a common complication in patients receiving cancer treatment. According to the results of several investigations bacterial infections are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, in these patients, so, empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics should be initiated promptly. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of suspected microorganisms and epidemiologic characteristics of patient population shoud be considered in the initiation of empiric antimicrobial treatment. In this study we evaluated retrospectively cultures obtained from hospitalized adult cancer patients during febrile neutropenic attacks over a one year period (January 2005-January 2006). In microbiologic identification and susceptibility testing we used standard culture methods and BBL semi automatic system. Infection was documented microbiologically in 17.98% of obtained samples. Blood cultures were positive in 21.21% and cultures obtained from other body sites were positive in 16.93% of samples. The rate of positive cultures in sputum and skin lesions were higher than other sites (46.77% and 43.75% respectively). In blood cultures, gram-negative agents were isolated in 61.90% and gram-positives in 38.10% of cultures. In cultures obtained from other sites of the body gram-negatives, gram-positives and fungal agents were isolated in 53.85%, 15.38% and 30.77% of cultures respectively. As a result, in diagnosis and treatment of neutropenic patients a detailed medical history, physical examination, cultures from blood and other clinically suspicious body sites and initiation of empirical antimicrobial treatment according to the hospital infectious surveyance reports are life saving issues.
A Critical Evaluation of Glycated Protein Parameters in Advanced Nephropathy: AM atter of Life or Death Time to dispense with the hemoglobin A1C in end-stage kidney

Chronic kidney disease remains as one of the major complications for individuals with diabetes and contributes to considerable morbidity. Individuals subjected to dialysis therapy, half of whom are diabetic, experience a mortality of ;20% per year. Understanding factors related to mortality remains a priority. Outside of dialysis units, A1C is unquestioned as the “gold standard” for glycemic control. In the recent past, however, there is evidence in large cohorts of diabetic dialysis patients that A1C at both the higher and lower levels was associated with mortality. Given the unique conditions associated with the metabolic dysregulation in dialysis patients, there is a critical need to identify accurate assays to monitor glycemic control to relate to cardiovascular endpoints. In this two-part point-counterpoint narrative, Drs. Freedman and Kalantar-Zadeh take opposing views on the utility of A1C in relation to cardiovascular disease and survival and as to consideration of use of other short-term markers in glycemia. In the narrative below, Dr. Freedman suggests that glycated albumin may be the preferred glycemic marker in dialysis subjects. In the counterpoint narrative following Dr. Freedman’s contribution, Dr. Kalantar-Zadeh defends the use of A1C as the unquestioned gold standard for glycemic management in dialysis subjects.
Ultrafiltration control during haemodialysis

Haemodialysis (HD)-induced hypotension is still a severe complication in spite of all the progress in HD treatment. Because of its multifactor causes, HD-induced hypotension cannot be reliably prevented by conventional Ultrafiltration (UF) and sodium profiling in open-loop systems, as they are unable to adapt themselves to actual decreases in Blood Pressure (BP). Therefore, the ultimate goal of this paper is to build a biofeedback system dynamics software to provide automatic control of UF during HD. Furthermore, the treatment should improve patient comfort and be carried out without use of additional body sensors and without additional medication.
Malarial anaemia in African children associated with high oxygen-radical production

Venous blood samples were taken on admission and 6 months later, when children were healthy and aparasitaemic. As a measure of ROI production, luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence was assessed, and expressed in kilo relative light units (kRLU). We measured basal chemiluminescence in whole blood preparations and chemiluminescence after stimulation with phorbol-12- myristate-13-acetate (PMA), in whole blood and granulocyte preparations. Granulocytes were additionally stimulated with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). We found substantially increased basal and stimulated chemiluminescence in whole blood on admission, compared with 6 months later. Comparison of both groups during the acute attack revealed significantly higher chemiluminescence in the whole blood of children with severe disease (basal 3·2 vs 2·6 kRLU, p<0·005; after stimulation with PMA 51·8 vs 33·3 kRLU, p<0·01) whereas after 6 months, differences were not significant. In pure granulocytes, we measured a much higher basal chemiluminescence in children with severe anaemia and hyperparasitaemia on admission, and a higher stimulated ROI release when they were healthy 6 months later compared with children with mild malaria (table).