Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic shaping: a step closer to the Shannon limit in channel capacity for optical communications

Introduction Owing to the hypergrowth of cloud computing and video on demand, further promotion of data capacity among data centre interconnects is placed on the agenda. Generally, multiplexing and modulation techniques with spectral efficiency (SE) improvement are two common ways to increase the aggregate data rate. Up to now, multiplexing techniques have been successfully implemented in the dimensions of polarization, wavelength, fibre cores and modes, reaching a transmission rate over Pb/s [1]. As for the single lane (i.e., single fibre, single wavelength, single polarization) transmission, increasing the SE is preferable. By adopting higher order modulation formats, such as 4096 QAM, the SE can attain a goal of more than 10 bits/symbol [2]. Consequently, it is not surprising that the single channel capacity can exceed hundreds of Gb/s. However, the introduction of higher order modulation formats will make the system performance more sensitive to the signal to noise ratio (SNR) as the Euclidean distance between neighbouring constellation points becomes shorter under a fixed total power. In recent years, extensive research related to constellation shaping has been carried out to explore its applications in optical communications [3]. For an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, the constellation shaped signals show performance closer to the Shannon limit compared to the conventional QAM signals, bringing a SNR gain up to 1.53 dB [4]. The key concept of constellation shaping is to mimic Gaussian signalling. Its implementation can be classified into two categories. One can adjust the locations of the constellation points on the complex plane to realize the Gaussian distribution as shown in Fig. 1 (a), which is termed as geometric shaping (GS). However, GS faces many practical problems. For arbitrary channels, no typical solution has been proposed for optimizing the locations of the constellation points in GS. Besides, the computational complexity of digital signal processing (DSP) increases owing to the irregular locations of constellation points. As a result, the other method of constellation shaping, named as probabilistic shaping (PS), is preferable. Unlike GS, PS changes the frequency of occurrence of the constellation points rather than their locations. Consequently, the DSP of PS signals is compatible with that of the conventional QAM signals. In addition, the optimization of probability distribution can be realized by tuning a simple parameter [3].
Comedic violence in advertising: cultural third-person effects among U.S., Korean, and Croatian consumers

Abstract Humour is a popular appeal used in global advertising and with the growing use of comedic violence ads in the U.S., it is a worthwhile endeavour to see whether comedic violence ads by U.S. brands could travel globally. This research conducted three studies in three countries, chosen for their distinctively different cultural tendencies and market potential: the U.S., Korea, and Croatia. Across the studies it was found that (1) individuals in the U.S. used aggressive humour in daily life more than Koreans or Croatians, (2) U.S. had higher perceived humour and ad attitudes towards the comedic violence ad than in Korea or Croatia, and (3) U.S. individuals found the comedic violence ad funnier for themselves than for others in different cultures while Koreans thought the ad was less funny for themselves than for others in different cultures. Croatians did not have response differences between self vs. others. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Generation Z in India: Digital Natives and Makers of Change

With a population of 472 million, Generation Z in India is the largest in the world. This chapter studies the demographic breakdown of the members of Generation Z, their political and social concerns, their career aspirations, their workplace preferences, and the changing consumer attributes. The research design for this study incorporated a qualitative approach comprising of four focus group discussions (see Appendix). Members of Generation Z in India show common behaviours and preferences with their counterparts around the world. However, members of Generation Z in India have clear opinions and ideas of how youth can contribute to a developing nation like India.
Urban Reforms, Cultural Goods and the Valongo Wharf Circle: Understanding Intervention in Rio de Janeiro's Port Area

Between 2012 and 2016, the Valongo Wharf Circle employed capoeira to make sense of the complex and enduring legacies of the Valongo Wharf, namely, the impact and intersection of racial discrimination and cycles of redevelopment that have remade Rio and marked the history of the site. This article uses ‘products’ that record the project to consider the vicissitudes and contingency of how it both used and reconfigured the selective valorisation of the everyday to probe and disrupt the quotidian dynamics of Rio’s port area.
High resolution atlasing of the venous brain vasculature from 7T quantitative susceptibility

The vascular organization of the human brain has many consequences for neurological and neurophysiological function, yet it has thus far not been systematically mapped. In this work, the first atlas of the venous vasculature using quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) acquired at 7T with a 0.6 mm isotropic resolution is presented. The VENAT (Venous Neuroanatomy) atlas was created from 5 separate measurements of 20 young and healthy volunteers using a two-step registration method based on 3D segmentations of the venous vasculature. This cerebral vein atlas includes the average vessel location and diameter from all participants and provides a first measure in vivo of the angio-architectonic organization of the human brain and its variability. This atlas can be used as a basis to understand changes in the vasculature during aging and diseases, as well as vascular and physiological effects in neuroimaging.
Visual processing and attention rather than face and emotion processing play a distinct role in ASD: an EEG study

Autism Spectrum Disorder results in deficit in social interaction, non-verbal communication and social reciprocity. Cognitive tasks pertaining to emotion processing are often preferred to distinguish the ASD children from the typically developing ones. We analysed the role of face and emotion processing in ASD and explored the feasibility of using EEG as a neural marker for detecting ASD. Subjects performed a visual perceptual task with face and nonface stimuli. Successful ASD detection was possible as early as 50 ms. post stimulus onset. Alpha and Beta oscillations seem to best identify autistic individuals. Multivariate pattern analysis and source localization studies points to the role of early visual processing and attention rather than emotion and face processing in detecting autism.
Exogenous sodium nitroprusside increases antioxidative potential and grain yield of bread wheat exposed to cadmium

The cadmium accumulation declines the crop productivity by disturbing the metabolism of plant. Thus, it is very essential to know the process of Cd effects through Cd-induced physio-biochemical determinations as well as its accretion, carrying and the associations with development, mineral nutrients and the antioxidant systems. The experiments were conducted under different Cd (control, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mM) regimes without or with an exogenous NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (0.15 and 0.30 mM SNP) on four cultivars of wheat (Punjab-2011, AARI-2011, Millat-2011 and Sehar-2006). The exogenous SNP was effective in improving growth of Cd-stressed wheat plants. Cd stress caused a noticeable repression in flavaniods, total phenolics, soluble proteins, and grain yield components while increased total free ascorbic acid (AsA), proline, glycinebetain (GB), glucose and sucrose, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the activity of enzymes including catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) irrespective of wheat cultivars. More effective of both SNP levels was 0.30 mM. Of wheat cultivars, Punjab-2011 and AARI-2011 performed better than Millat-2011 and Sehar-2006. The exogenous NO was effective in improving total flavaniods, total phenolics, soluble proteins, and grain yield components under Cd stress. Furthermore, NO reversed the effects of Cd on reducing and non-reducing sugars, proline, total free amino acids, H2O2, MDA and enzyme activity of APX, CAT and POD irrespective of wheat cultivars. Overall, the results elaborated that exogenously applied NO reduced the Cd toxicity in wheat.
ON A GENERALIZED FRAÏSSÉ LIMIT CONSTRUCTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE JIANG–SU ALGEBRA

Abstract In this paper, we present a version of Fraïssé theory for categories of metric structures. Using this version, we show that every UHF algebra can be recognized as a Fraïssé limit of a class of C*-algebras of matrix-valued continuous functions on cubes with distinguished traces. We also give an alternative proof of the fact that the Jiang–Su algebra is the unique simple monotracial C*-algebra among all the inductive limits of prime dimension drop algebras.
Application of Multiple Views and Stereo-3D Imaging Technology to Burn Care

Objectives: This study is concerned with the geometrical part of the vision, or more specifically with the 3D aspects. The ability of humans to perceive the 3D world from the two-dimensional (2D) projections on the retinae is fascinating. How some of the basic sub-problems of geometric vision can be solved, but the overall aim was to reconstruct a scene from several images. So how do we combine the basic solvers to handle multiple images? Methods: We studied the multiple views and stereo-3D imaging technology to burn injury of stereo 3D vision and 3D studied visual issues related to it, including visual discomfort, binocular disparities, vengeance-accommodation mismatch, and visual fatigue. We also studied the burn care of medical applications of stereo-3D imaging techniques, and application trends as pertain to imaging medical devices. A new camera having many correspondences among the estimated 3D points is added to the model by computing its camera pose. To stabilize the estimation bundle adjustment is normally performed several times, sometimes for every new camera that is added. T The Face & Future SID® device is a mobile 3D wound measurement device attached to an App It has a friendly user interface and a LED assisted multiple views 3D camera that can assess both wound area and volume. In this study, we compare three modalities in wound area measurements: The Face & Future SID® device, the device, and standard hand measurements. Results: The multiple views 3D face imaging technology, we are providing the convenience and widespread use for 3 main groups in the catastrophe inclusive of patients, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and ambulance technicians and doctors. For patients who could be civilians or our soldiers who participate in the rescue mission, the 3D face imaging device could lead to developing new dressing for the wound on the face. The new dressing could fully cover the wound and prevent the production of dead space in order to fix the structure of the wound and provide good hygiene. For the EMTs, in the scene of the catastrophe, the 3D face imaging device provides them a good way to take care of the wound and may transfer the information to the doctors in the hospital. For example, the depth of the wound is useful information for a plastic surgery doctor to guide the EMTs to perform different types of wound dressing. Conclusions: The application of multiple views 3D stereo-imaging technology to the medical and burn care field will help improve surgically and burn care accuracy, reduce operation times, and enhance patient safety. Therefore, this device has been applied to a variety of fields such as burn care and the plastic surgical or cosmetic medical fields. Particularly, in the medical and burn care field, various medical imaging devices have adopted the stereo-imaging technique, such as the stereo 3D camera and multiple views 3D camera, and have been developed and utilized clinically to improve surgical and burn care accuracy and patient safety.
Phenolics, fatty acids composition and biological activities of various extracts and fractions of Malaysian Aaptos aaptos

Objective: To investigate phenolics, fatty acids composition and biological activities of various extracts and fractions of Malaysian Aaptos aaptos. Methods: Fatty acid methyl ester was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and total phenolics content by Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. Vero cells viability was evaluated using methyl thiazole tetrazolium and the inactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 by neutral red uptake assay. p-Hydroxybenzamide isolated by column chromatography was characterized by utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron impact mass spectrometry. Results: The chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Aaptos aaptos produced higher portions of straight-chain saturated fatty acid, while hexane extract mainly consisted of unsaturated fatty acid. The five majors of fatty acid methyl ester were identified as behenic acid, cis-10-heptadecenoic acid and cis-10-pentadecenoic acids, palmitic acid and tricosanoic acid. In addition, among all organic extracts, chloroform extract inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 while exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against normal Vero cells and also exhibited strong cytotoxic activity on HL-60, MCF-7, K562, CEM-SS and WEHI-3B cells. A phenolic compound, p-hydroxybenzamide was also isolated from the sponge. Conclusions: Aaptos aaptos could be a source to derive the potential antiviral and anticancer agents. However, further studies are needed to determine the mechanism involved in the process.
Nouveautés taxonomiques et nomenclaturales chez les fougères grammitides (Pteridophyta, Polypodiaceae, Grammitidoideae) de Madagascar

RÉSUMÉ Dans le cadre de la révision des fougères grammitides (Pteridophyta, Polypodiaceae, Grammitidoideae) de Madagascar, onze taxons nouveaux (dix espèces et une variété) sont décrits et illustrés: Ceradenia ivohibensis Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., Ceradenia pseudodevoluta Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., Ctenopterella lastii Parris & Rakotondr. , sp. nov., Enterosora sinuata Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., Grammitis anisophylla Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., Grammitis coriaceifolia Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., Grammitis dauphinensis Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., Grammitis membranifolia Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., Melpomene flabelliformis (Poir.) A.R. Sm. & R.C. Moran var. circumvoluta Rakotondr. & Parris, var. nov., Moranopteris madagascarica Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., et Zygophlebia rouxii Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov. La nomenclature adoptée est conforme à celle du PPG1 (2016) sauf pour le genre Grammitis qui est considéré ici dans son sens large, c'est-à-dire qui inclut toutes les espèces à limbe entier à lobé, celles présentant une marge scléreuse (= Grammitis s. str.) et celles avec une marge indifférenciée. Les caractères morphologiques discriminants des onze genres présents à Madagascar sont précisés dans une clé de détermination originale donnée en début du traitement. Dans le contexte d'une classification des fougères grammitides non encore stabilisée, le but de cette clé est d'argumenter le choix du classement générique des nouvelles espèces décrites. Un hybride présumé, Zygophlebia devoluta (Baker) Parris × Ceradenia pseudodevoluta Rakotondr. & Parris, sp. nov., est également décrit et comparé à ses deux parents potentiels. Trois combinaisons nouvelles sont proposées: Ctenopterella boivinii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Rakotondr. & Parris, comb. nov., Enterosora uluguruensis (Reimers) Rakotondr. & Parris, comb. nov., et Stenogrammitis micropecten (C. Chr.) Rakotondr. & Parris, comb. nov.; Enterosora uluguruensis (Reimers) Rakotondr. & Parris, comb. nov., espèce africaine, est signalée pour la première fois à Madagascar. Enfin, une synonymie nouvelle est publiée: Ceradenia alboglandulosa (Bonap.) Parris synonyme de Ceradenia deltodon (Baker) Parris.
Surprising spatiotemporal stability of a multi‐peak fitness landscape revealed by independent field experiments measuring hybrid fitness

The effect of the environment on fitness in natural populations is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. However, experimental manipulations of both environment and phenotype at the same time are rare. Thus, the relative importance of the competitive environment versus intrinsic organismal performance in shaping the location, height, and fluidity of fitness peaks and valleys remains largely unknown. Here, we experimentally tested the effect of competitor frequency on the complex fitness landscape driving adaptive radiation of a generalist and two trophic specialist pupfishes, a scale‐eater and molluscivore, endemic to hypersaline lakes on San Salvador Island (SSI), Bahamas. We manipulated phenotypes, by generating 3407 F4/F5 lab‐reared hybrids, and competitive environment, by altering the frequency of rare transgressive hybrids between field enclosures in two independent lake populations. We then tracked hybrid survival and growth rates across these four field enclosures for 3–11 months. In contrast to competitive speciation theory, we found no evidence that the frequency of hybrid phenotypes affected their survival. Instead, we observed a strikingly similar fitness landscape to a previous independent field experiment, each supporting multiple fitness peaks for generalist and molluscivore phenotypes and a large fitness valley isolating the divergent scale‐eater phenotype. These features of the fitness landscape were stable across manipulated competitive environments, multivariate trait axes, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity. We suggest that absolute performance constraints and divergent gene regulatory networks shape macroevolutionary (interspecific) fitness landscapes in addition to microevolutionary (intraspecific) competitive dynamics. This interplay between organism and environment underlies static and dynamic features of the adaptive landscape.
A Methodology Based on Magnetic Susceptibility to Characterize Copper Mine Tailings

This paper intends to validate the application of magnetic techniques, particularly magnetic susceptibility, as sampling tools on a copper tailings terrace, by correlating them analytically. Magnetic susceptibility was measured in both the field and laboratory. Data obtained allowed for designing spatial magnetic susceptibility distribution maps, showing the horizontal variation of the tailings. In addition, boxplots were used to show the variation of magnetic susceptibility and the concentration of the elements analyzed at different depths of the copper tailings terrace. The degree of correlation between magnetic and chemical variables was defined with coefficient R2. The horizontal and vertical variations of magnetic susceptibility, the concentration of elements, and the significant correlations between them show a relationship between magnetic susceptibility and the chemical processes occurring in the tailing management facility, such as pyrite oxidation. Thus, the correlation functions obtained could be used as semiquantitative tools to characterize tailings or other mining residues.
The Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Growth of a Natural Community of Coastal Phytoplankton

An in situ mesocosm experiment was performed to investigate the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming on the coastal phytoplankton standing stock and species composition of a eutrophic coastal area in the temperate-subtropical region. Experimental treatments of natural seawater included three CO2 and two temperature conditions (present control: ~400 μatm CO2 and ambient temperature, acidification conditions: ~900 μatm CO2 and ambient temperature, and greenhouse conditions: ~900 μatm CO2 and ambient temperature +3 °C). We found that increased CO2 concentration benefited the growth of small autotrophic phytoplankton groups: picophytoplankton (PP), autotrophic nanoflagellates (ANF), and small chain-forming diatoms (DT). However, in the greenhouse conditions, ANF and DT abundances were lower compared with those in the acidification conditions. The proliferation of small autotrophic phytoplankton in future oceanic conditions (acidification and greenhouse) also increased the abundance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDF). These responses suggest that a combination of acidification and warming will not only increase the small autotrophic phytoplankton standing stock but, also, lead to a shift in the diatom and dinoflagellate species composition, with potential biogeochemical element cycling feedback and an increased frequency and intensity of harmful algal blooms.
Integrating P2 into O′3 toward a robust Mn-Based layered cathode for sodium-ion batteries

Manganese-based layered cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are attractive on account of the superiorities of high capacity and cost effectiveness. Nevertheless, the materials suffer from sluggish kinetics and drastic volume changes during the extraction and insertion of Na ions, thereby resulting in inferior rate capability and rapid cycling decay. Herein, a strategy of integrating structurally stable P2 into the O′3 phase for robust Mn-based layered oxides is proposed, which not only buffers the drastic lattice strain, but also enhances Na-ion diffusion. The P2/O′3-biphasic NaMn0.89Cu0. 08Sb0.03O2 cathode provides a high reversible capacity of 204 mA h g−1, an admirable capacity retention of 80% after 150 cycles and a superior rate capability with 120 mA h g−1 capacity at 2C rate, in stark contrast to O′3 NaMnO2. The results show that the volume change and lattice parameter c have been respectively reduced to 10.5% and 3.3% after P2 integration, compared with 27.04% and 23.39% for the original O′3 NaMnO2, and the Na-ion diffusion coefficient has been evidently increased from 10−12 in the pristine O′3 NaMnO2 to 10−11 in the P2/O′3 biphase. The findings highlight the significance and superiority of the composite electrode and provide new insights for the rational design of high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
Patch occupancy and activity pattern of the spotted paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) in a protected area of the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Abstract The spotted paca Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766) is a medium-sized caviomorph rodent of the Cuniculidae family that mainly inhabits tropical forests, but may occur in other habitat types, often associated with water bodies. We aimed to verify which factors influence the spatial and temporal distribution of C. paca in the Vale Natural Reserve (VNR), Espírito Santo, Brazil. We used 39 camera traps to model occupancy and detectability and to estimate the species activity period. The spotted paca showed high occupancy at low distances from water resources and high densities of palm species. The species avoided areas with high poaching intensity, and activity frequency was reduced by extreme temperature and by a higher intensity of poaching. We conclude that in the VNR, the C. paca is a nocturnal species and that it is necessary to assess other elements that could potentially affect the spatial and temporal distribution of the spotted paca in the Atlantic Forest.