Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2 D-Driven 3 D Object Detection in RGB-D Images

In this paper, we present a technique that places 3D bounding boxes around objects in an RGB-D scene. Our approach makes best use of the 2D information to quickly reduce the search space in 3D, benefiting from state-ofthe-art 2D object detection techniques. We then use the 3D information to orient, place, and score bounding boxes around objects. We independently estimate the orientation for every object, using previous techniques that utilize normal information. Object locations and sizes in 3D are learned using a multilayer perceptron (MLP). In the final step, we refine our detections based on object class relations within a scene. When compared to state-of-the-art detection methods that operate almost entirely in the sparse 3D domain, extensive experiments on the well-known SUN RGBD dataset [29] show that our proposed method is much faster (4.1s per image) in detecting 3D objects in RGB-D images and performs better (3 mAP higher) than the stateof-the-art method that is 4.7 times slower and comparably to the method that is two orders of magnitude slower. This work hints at the idea that 2D-driven object detection in 3D should be further explored, especially in cases where the 3D input is sparse.
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: report of a case of renal cell carcinoma metastasizing to a pancreatic endocrine neoplasm.

Case Report A 53-year-old healthy man presented to the clinic with painless hematuria. An ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 10-cm mass within the left kidney. He subsequently proceeded to left radical nephrectomy and adrenalectomy. The pathology report described a Fuhrman grade 2 clear-cell carcinoma with involvement of the renal pelvis. The renal vein and left adrenal gland were free of disease. Two years later on routine follow-up CT imaging, the patient was found to have a solitary lesion in the distal pancreas. The patient was asymptomatic. The first attempt at resection of the mass failed because of difficult anatomy. The mass did not exhibit [F]fluorodeoxyglucose avidity on positron emission tomography scanning. It was observed with serial CT imaging and 2 years later had enlarged (Fig 1, arrow); a second attempt at a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy was successful. On gross pathologic examination, the specimen received in formalin consisted of pancreas measuring 9 4 3 cm. A wellcircumscribed red and yellow variegated lesion measuring 2 cm in greatest dimension was present on a background of grossly unremarkable pancreatic parenchyma. The lymph nodes identified separately were free of cancer, and the spleen was unremarkable. Histology of the pancreatic lesion was considered quite noteworthy. As seen in Figure 2, eosinophilic trabeculae of neoplastic pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (PEN; upper left side of image) contrast with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) composed of lobules of clear cells separated by delicate branching vessels ( 200 hematoxylin and eosin). Immunohistochemistry confirms the histologic picture with CD10 immunoperoxidase showing staining of RCC with no uptake of stain by PEN (Fig 3A, 600) and synaptophysin immunoperoxidase of an adjacentsectiondemonstratingstainingofPENonly(Fig3B, 600). Thiswas felt to be entirely consistent with a pancreatic endocrine neoplasm surrounding a well-defined nodule of metastatic RCC, representing an unusual case of RCC metastatic to a pancreatic endocrine neoplasm.
Mapping of microRNAs related to cervical cancer in Latin American human genomic variants

Background: MicroRNAs are related to human cancers, including cervical cancer (CC) caused by HPV. In 2018, approximately 56.075 cases and 28.252 deaths from this cancer were registered in Latin America and the Caribbean according to GLOBOCAN reports. The main molecular mechanism of HPV in CC is related to integration of viral DNA into the hosts’ genome. However, the different variants in the human genome can result in different integration mechanisms, specifically involving microRNAs (miRNAs). Methods: The miRNAs associated with CC were obtained from literature, the miRNA sequences and four human genome variants (HGV) from Latin American populations were obtained from miRBase and 1000 Genomes Browser, respectively. HPV integration sites near cell cycle regulatory genes were identified. miRNAs were mapped on HGV. miRSNPs were identified in the miRNA sequences located at HPV integration sites on the Latin American HGV. Results: Two hundred seventy-two miRNAs associated with CC were identified in 139 reports from different geographic locations. By mapping with Blast-Like Alignment Tool (BLAT), 2028 binding sites were identified from these miRNAs on the human genome (version GRCh38/hg38); 42 miRNAs were located on unique integration sites; and miR-5095, miR-548c-5p and miR-548d-5p were involved with multiple genes related to the cell cycle. Thirty-seven miRNAs were mapped on the Latin American HGV (PUR, MXL, CLM and PEL), but only miR-11-3p, miR-31-3p, miR-107, miR-133a-3p, miR-133a-5p, miR-133b, miR-215-5p, miR-491-3p, miR-548d-5p and miR-944 were conserved. Conclusions: Ten miRNAs were conserved in the four HGV. In the remaining 27 miRNAs, substitutions, deletions or insertions were observed. These variation patterns can imply differentiated mechanisms towards each genomic variant in human populations because of specific genomic patterns and geographic features. These findings may help in determining susceptibility for CC development. Further identification of cellular genes and signalling pathways involved in CC progression could lead new therapeutic strategies based on miRNAs.
A landscape genetics approach for quantifying the relative influence of historic and contemporary habitat heterogeneity on the genetic connectivity of a rainforest bird

Landscape genetics is an important framework for investigating the influence of spatial pattern on ecological process. Nevertheless, the standard analytic frameworks in landscape genetics have difficulty evaluating hypotheses about spatial processes in dynamic landscapes. We use a predictive hypothesis‐driven approach to quantify the relative contribution of historic and contemporary processes to genetic connectivity. By confronting genetic data with models of historic and contemporary landscapes, we identify dispersal processes operating in naturally heterogeneous and human‐altered systems. We demonstrate the approach using a case study of microsatellite polymorphism and indirect estimates of gene flow for a rainforest bird, the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii). Of particular interest was how much information in the genetic data was attributable to processes occurring in the reconstructed historic landscape and contemporary human‐modified landscape. A linear mixed model was used to estimate appropriate sampling variance from nonindependent data and information‐theoretic model selection provided strength of evidence for alternative hypotheses. The contemporary landscape explained slightly more information in the genetic differentiation data than the historic landscape, and there was considerable evidence for a temporal shift in dispersal pattern. In contrast, migration rates estimated from genealogical information were primarily influenced by contemporary landscape change. We discovered that landscape heterogeneity facilitated gene flow before European settlement, but contemporary deforestation is rapidly becoming the most important barrier to logrunner dispersal.
CELEBRATING 50 YEARS OF THE APPLIED PROBABILITY TRUST

The random triangles discussed in this paper are deﬁned by having the directions of their sides independent and uniformly distributed on ( 0 ,π) . To ﬁx the scale, one side chosen arbitrarily is assigned unit length; let a and b denote the lengths of the other sides. We ﬁnd the density functions of a/b , max { a,b } , min { a,b } , and of the area of the triangle, the ﬁrst three explicitly and the last as an elliptic integral. The ﬁrst two density functions, with supports in ( 0 , ∞ ) and ( 12 , ∞ ) , respectively, are unusual in having an inﬁnite spike at 1 which is interior to their ranges (the triangle is then isosceles).
OF NOSOCOMIAL CTX-M TYPE β-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA

CTX-M group of extended spectrum β lactamases (ESBLs) represents a rapidly emerging problem in many countries. The prevalence of nosocomial blaCTX-M-1 producing Enterobacteriaceae strains has not been reported earlier in Indian hospitals. This study describes molecular subtyping of nosocomial blaCTX-M producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae. Polymerase chain reaction with primers speciÞ c for blaCTX-M-1 coding genes was used to identify 95 Enterobacteriaceae strains producing blaCTX-M positive isolates. Of the 95 blaCTX-M producing isolates, 45 strains were positive for blaCTX-M-1. blaCTX-M-1 was found to be most prevalent in Klebsiella strains.
Assessment of urban geometry and texture effects on airflow and temperature sampled at a climatological station in a complex site

This paper presents the current results of assessment of effects on measurements of urban geometry and texture at Orlanski's microscale α at Cinisello Balsamo station, belonging to Climate Network, presented in EESMS 2011 papers [1] and [2]. Data analysis has been performed on available station measurements, compared to a control station representing unperturbed airflow in close proximity to the main station. Wind direction has been identified as an important proxy of urban dis-uniformity. Directional statistics have then been developed accordingly, and used on this specific data set.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Chimeric/Humanized Anti‐CD3 Monoclonal Antibody, Otelixizumab (TRX4), in Subjects With Psoriasis and With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Otelixizumab is an aglycosylated chimeric/humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed to human CD3ε. This report describes population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling of serum otelixizumab concentrations, changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell counts, and modulation and saturation of CD3/T‐cell receptors (TCR) (determined by flow cytometry) after IV administration of otelixizumab in subjects with either type 1 diabetes or psoriasis. Otelixizumab PK were monoexponential with Michaelis‐Menten elimination. Nonlinearity was manifested at high concentrations (Km = 0.968 μg/mL). Lymphocyte dynamics were captured by an indirect response model simplified to direct inhibition. In diabetic subjects, the otelixizumab serum concentration producing a 50% decrease in peripheral blood counts was 0.0187 μg/mL for CD4+ T cells and 0.0120 μg/mL for CD8+ T cells. Corresponding values for psoriatic subjects were much lower: 0.000533 for CD4+ T cells and 0.000269 μg/mL for CD8+ T cells. Total (sum of unbound and otelixizumab‐bound) CD3/TCR was approximately equal to unbound CD3/TCR, suggesting that there were few otelixizumab‐(CD3/TCR) complexes at the T‐cell surface. Down‐modulation of CD3/TCR was described by direct inhibition. Otelixizumab concentrations producing 50% reduction in free CD3/TCR sites was similar for diabetes and psoriasis, 0.0144 and 0.0162 μg/mL. Integrated PK/PD models were successfully applied to assess otelixizumab PK and diverse PD responses.
Variable selection in Platanthera bifolia (Orchidaceae): phenotypic selection differed between sex functions in a drought year

We estimated selection on three morphological characters in the hermaphroditic, hawkmoth‐pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia and explored selection surfaces through male and female function. The work was carried out in northern Sweden during two flowering seasons (1994 and 1995) in one natural population and one season (1995) in another natural population. Fitness was estimated as number of pollinia removed (male function) and number of fruits produced (female function). We detected directional selection towards larger inflorescence size (flower number) through both sex functions in both populations in 1995. In 1994, with an unusually dry growing season, 78% of the individuals failed to set any fruit, and there was selection for larger inflorescences only through male function. In this year, there was selection towards longer flower spurs, which could be a direct or indirect effect of spurs being shortened by drought. The results demonstrate that selection patterns may vary temporally and spatially, and that the ‘male function hypothesis’ may be applicable as female function is more resource dependent than male function.
Mastitis is associated with increased free fatty acids, somatic cell count, and interleukin-8 concentrations in human milk.

BACKGROUND Research in bovine lactation has demonstrated that milk produced by a mammary gland displaying inflammation-based symptoms of mastitis has increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) compared with milk produced by a contralateral asymptomatic gland. However, the effects of mastitis on lipid classes in milk have not been investigated in humans. METHODS The study described here compared milk collected from the symptomatic breast of women with mastitis (n=14) with that collected from the contralateral asymptomatic breast to determine if mastitis caused alterations in the quantity of total lipids, FFAs, and phospholipids (PLs), as well as the fatty acid profiles of these lipid classes. To assess their efficacy as biomarkers of mastitis, samples were also analyzed for selected markers of local inflammation: sodium, somatic cell count (SCC), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). RESULTS FFAs were higher in milk from the mastitic breast compared with that from the healthy breast (1.31 vs. 1.07 ± 0.10 g/100 g of lipid, p<0.05). Similarly, SCC and IL-8 were elevated roughly 10-fold in milk from mastitic breasts, compared with milk from healthy breasts, and sodium tended to be higher in milk from mastitic breasts (p<0.10). However, there were no differences in total lipid, PLs, or fatty acid profiles within each lipid class. CONCLUSIONS In summary, mastitis is associated with increased lipolysis in the human breast but not alterations in milk fat synthesis, as evidenced by a lack of alteration in total milk lipids. Additionally, these results indicate that SCC and IL-8 may be better indicators of mammary inflammation than sodium content.
In-Situ Optical Creep Observation and Constitutive Modelling of Joint-Scale SAC Solder Shear Samples

In this paper the creep behaviour of lead-free hypo-eutectic Sn96.5Ag3. 0Cu0.5 solder is evaluated. A series of creep tests at different stress/temperature and strain rate/temperature pairs have been conducted. The tests were observed in-situ with a high magnification camera system. The quantitative data gained from the tests was used to fit an Anand viscoplastic model. Optical observation results are presented from selected tests, showing the occurrence of surface effects such as shear bands, voiding and rumpling. From these observations the main deformation mechanisms were derived and compiled in terms of their dependence of the test conditions.
Toxicologic Lesions Associated with Two Related Inhibitors of Oxidosqualene Cyclase in the Dog and Mouse

Two novel hypolipidaemic agents, both members of the aminopyrimidine series, with a mode of action of inhibition of oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), were administered orally to dogs and mice for 14 and 28 days. Both compounds produced a similar spectrum of pathologic changes. In dogs, the agents produced equatorial single cell necrosis and cataract in the lens (also observed clinically); atrophy, ulceration, and infl ammation of the cornea; hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, hair papillary atrophy, and infl ammation of the skin; and epithelial degeneration and sperm granuloma in the epididymides. One female dog showed signs of liver toxicity. In mice, severe cataract formation was seen with both compounds, and liver toxicity was produced by one of the compounds. The severity and speed of onset of the cataract formation were very marked. The changes seen were dissimilar to those reported with the most commonly used class of hypolipidaemic agents in the clinic, the hydroxymethy l glutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase inhibitors but were reminiscent of those reported for the hypolipidaemic agent Triparanol, which was predictive of toxicity seen in man.
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SKELETON FORMATION IN CORALS. I. A METHOD FOR MEASURING THE RATE OF CALCIUM DEPOSITION BY CORALS UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS

1. A method is described for the accurate measurement of calcification rates in reef-building corals under various controlled conditions, using calcium-45 as tracer.2. At the temperatures of the experiments, there was a slow but appreciable isotopic exchange between the coral skeleton and sea water. There are indications that this is considerably less in living coral where the tissue forms a barrier against such exchange.3. In many of the reef-building corals tested so far, the calcification rate was significantly lowered by the exclusion of light.4. The calcification rate of reef corals grown in darkness for prolonged periods of time to remove the zooxanthellae is considerably reduced and seems independent of the light intensity.5. Variations in the growth rates of different parts of coral colonies were measured. The existence of growth gradients was demonstrated in a number of species.6. Calcium uptake was greatly reduced on the addition of Diamox, a specific carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. In those speci.
Network-based metaanalysis identifies HNF4A and PTBP1 as longitudinally dynamic biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease

Significance Development of therapeutic strategies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is hampered by the lack of reliable biomarkers to identify patients at early stages of the disease and track the therapeutic effect of potential drugs and neuroprotective agents. Readily accessible biomarkers capable of providing information about disease status are expected to accelerate this progress. We identified hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF4A) and polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) mRNAs as promising blood biomarkers for identifying early stage PD patients with high diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, HNF4A was identified as a potential biomarker to monitor disease severity. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that HNF4A and PTBP1 are longitudinally dynamic biomarkers that provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the altered insulin signaling in PD patients and may enable novel therapeutic strategies. Environmental and genetic factors are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among the elderly. Network-based metaanalysis of four independent microarray studies identified the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A), a transcription factor associated with gluconeogenesis and diabetes, as a central regulatory hub gene up-regulated in blood of PD patients. In parallel, the polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), involved in the stabilization and mRNA translation of insulin, was identified as the most down-regulated gene. Quantitative PCR assays revealed that HNF4A and PTBP1 mRNAs were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in blood of 51 PD patients and 45 controls nested in the Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease. These results were confirmed in blood of 50 PD patients compared with 46 healthy controls nested in the Harvard Biomarker Study. Relative abundance of HNF4A mRNA correlated with the Hoehn and Yahr stage at baseline, suggesting its clinical utility to monitor disease severity. Using both markers, PD patients were classified with 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Longitudinal performance analysis demonstrated that relative abundance of HNF4A and PTBP1 mRNAs significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in PD patients during the 3-y follow-up period. The inverse regulation of HNF4A and PTBP1 provides a molecular rationale for the altered insulin signaling observed in PD patients. The longitudinally dynamic biomarkers identified in this study may be useful for monitoring disease-modifying therapies for PD.
Coiled‐coil domains in proteins secreted by type III secretion systems

Type III (also called contact-dependent) secretion systems exist in several species of pathogenic bacteria, in which they are responsible for the delivery of virulence-associated effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm (for a review see Lee, 1997, Trends Microbiol 5: 148–156). Many components of these secretion systems are similar to proteins involved in flagellar biosynthesis. Furthermore, proteins secreted by the secretion systems of Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas syringae form extracellular filamentous structures reminiscent of flagella and/or fimbriae (Ginocchio et al., 1994, Cell 76: 717–724; Roine et al., 1997, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 3459–3464). Hypersecretion of the IpaB and IpaC proteins of Shigella flexneri into the culture medium also leads to the formation of large extracellular filamentous aggregates. (Parsot et al., 1995, Mol Microbiol 16: 291–300). However, nothing is known about the protein–protein interactions involved in the formation of these extracellular structures. We speculated that these interactions might involve a mechanism similar to that employed in the assembly of the fimbrial filament and of the axial structures of the flagellum, namely an interaction between coiled-coil domains of protein monomers (Parge et al., 1995, Nature 378: 32–38; Morgan et al., 1995, J Mol Biol 249: 88–110; Homma et al., 1990, J Mol Biol 213: 819–832). With this in mind, we analysed the sequences of proteins from the type III secretion systems of Salmonella enterica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Shigella flexneri and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to see whether they contained coiled-coil domains. We used two programs, COILS and MULTICOIL, which are publicly available through the World Wide Web (see Table 1). We adopted a conservative search strategy, initially analysing each sequence with COILS (Lupas et al., 1991, Science 252: 1162–1164), using a weighting option to avoid false positives arising from charged segments and a search window of 28 residues (for a review on predicting coiled coils see Lupas, 1997, Curr Opin Struct Biol 7: 388–393; see also the program documentation on http://ulrec3.unil.ch/coils/COILS_doc.html). We recorded all segments that scored a greater than 75% probability of adopting a coiled-coil structure. Proteins containing these segments were then analysed using the MULTICOIL program (Wolf et al., 1997, Prot Sci, 6: 1179– 1189), and an attempt was made to determine whether the coiled-coil regions were more likely to assume a dimeric or a trimeric structure. We found one or more predicted coiled-coil segment in over half of the proteins secreted by type III secretion systems (Table 1), including:
An Analytical Subthreshold Model of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors Based on Meyer-Neldel Rule

It is demonstrated that the subthreshold region of polycrystalline Si thin-film transistors contains both the channel full inversion and channel partial inversion regimes. Channel inversion charge sheet density is modeled based on the gate-to-channel capacitance measurement. Following the observation of the Meyer-Neldel rule for effective channel mobility (μeff) in the subthreshold region, a μeff model is constructed with the physical origin of multiphonon excited carrier thermionic emission over the grain boundary (GB) barriers. Then, by considering the carrier drift, an analytical subthreshold drain current model is developed. Subsequently, an analytical expression for subthreshold swing (SS) is derived. The gate voltage (Vg) induced GB barrier lowering effect is determined to be the key mechanism for subthreshold behavior. Besides, the Vg point of channel full inversion is demonstrated to be a key point of the subthreshold region, where SS reaches a minimum.