Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDDM1 and multiple family history of type 1 diabetes combine to identify neonates at high risk for type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Children of affected probands are at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine and stratify the risk for islet autoimmunity and childhood diabetes in newborn offspring of affected parents using family history and HLA genetic markers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Antibodies to islet autoantigens were measured at ages 9 months, 2 years, 5 years, and 8 years in 1,610 offspring of parents with type 1 diabetes participating in the German BABYDIAB study. HLA DR and DQ genetic typing was performed. Family history of type 1 diabetes was obtained from questionnaires. RESULTS Extensive family history of type 1 diabetes and HLA DR/DQ genotyping were associated with islet autoantibody and diabetes risks. Significant contributions to the child's risk for developing islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes were conferred by a multiple first-degree family history of type 1 diabetes (two parents or one parent and a sibling; adjusted hazard [HR] ratio, 6.2 for multiple islet autoantibodies and 7.8 for type 1 diabetes), high-risk HLA genotypes (adjusted HR, 11 and 10.9), and moderate-risk HLA genotypes (adjusted HR, 6.3 and 4.3) in a multivariate analysis. Combining these factors stratified the risk for islet autoantibodies from 1 to 46% and for type 1 diabetes from 0 to 19.5% by 5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Risk of childhood diabetes in affected families can be stratified using a combination of genetic and family history markers very early in life.
Practical blood dendritic cell vaccination for immunotherapy of multiple myeloma

Therapeutic vaccination combined with new drugs may cure multiple myeloma (MM). We have developed a bio‐process to purify CMRF‐56 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a standard operating procedure to immunoselect blood dendritic cells (BDC). Leucopheresed mononuclear cells were cultured overnight, labelled with CMRF‐56 mAb and BDC prepared using a clinical scale immunoselection system. The mean BDC yield from healthy donors was 48% (n = 6, purity 28%). Preparations from MM patients (n = 6, yield 47%, purity 35%) primed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to clinically relevant MM antigens. This procedure can be performed readily by clinical cell manufacturing units to facilitate BDC vaccination studies.
Cefepime neurotoxicity despite renal adjusted dosing

Abstract Neurotoxicity is a rare side-effect of cefepime. There are previous reports of cefepime neurotoxicity in patients whose dosages were not adjusted for their kidney disease. We report a toxic case of non-convulsive status epilepticus in a patient receiving renally-dosed cefepime. A 70-y-old woman was admitted with febrile neutropenia for which renally-dosed cefepime was started. On day 4 she developed altered mental status with orofacial myokymia. Blood and urine cultures were negative. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Head computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed no acute intracranial process. An electroencephalogram showed non-convulsive status epilepticus. Anticonvulsants were started, but she continued to have seizures. At this time, careful review of her medication list with temporal association of symptoms suggested cefepime as a probable cause and the drug was stopped. Within 24 h of discontinuation, her mental status began to improve and returned to baseline in 3 days. Our case illustrates that cefepime toxicity may still occur in patients who are dose-adjusted for renal insufficiency. It also underscores the importance of assessing for additional risk factors like history of stroke and seizures. Because cefepime-induced status epilepticus is completely reversible, prompt recognition and medication discontinuance can prevent further morbidity and mortality.
Assessment of a Newark Neighborhood: Process and Outcomes

In 1996, the members of the St. Columba Collaboration conducted a grassroots neighborhood assessment of a Hispanic area in Newark, New Jersey. This assessment was undertaken during an era of significant political and policy change in New Jersey. As a community-driven and implemented effort, the processes, methods, and outcomes of this assessment provide lessons on community activism, political awareness, and strategic planning. Quantitative surveys were distributed to local residents as well as users of the various services provided through Collaboration programs. Ten qualitative focus groups were held among various Collaboration groups. A total of 471 surveys were returned from a door-to-door distribution and 295 surveys were returned from users of Collaboration programs. Findings from both the quantitative and qualitative components were surprisingly similar. It was striking to note that youth violence, domestic violence, crime, and lack of job skills surpassed poor housing and chronic health problems, including HIV/AIDS and drug and alcohol addiction, as the most noted neighborhood problems. Overwhelmingly, social, welfare, and environmental issues were identified as priority items in a neighborhood marked by extreme poverty, poor childhood immunization rates, high HIV/AIDS rates, and high incidence of childhood asthma. Focus group findings revealed that stressful daily life events and circumstances far overshadowed health and wellness concerns. Recommendations emanating from the St. Columba Neighborhood needs assessment included: (a) establishment of principled partnerships between the Collaboration and other regional entities to extend capacity to design and implement solutions (e.g., partnerships with other higher education institutions, health care agencies); (b) development of strategic planning processes and procedures within the Collaboration; (c) establishment of collaborative partnerships with other Hispanic community-based organizations for political activism; and (d) reorganization of the Collaboration's internal structure and functions to capitalize on opportunities for change. Significant outcomes from this process, in evidence 4 years after the 1996 neighborhood assessment, include: (a) a successful grant application to study violence against Hispanic women, (b) a research program investigating the nature and extent of clinical depression among Hispanic women, (c) establishment of a teenage pregnancy program, (d) English classes for Hispanic women seeking language skills and eventual employment, and (e) partnership extended to the New Jersey Institute of Technology.
Secure process control system of industrial networks

Recently there are more cyber-attacks in industrial networks. Stuxnet, the worm that attacked Iran nuclear power station highlights the traditional cyber threat in modern industrial infrastructures. Current process control systems (PCS) are vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to lack of means of verifying the legitimacy of control code and monitoring changes of controller devices. This paper proposed a secure, scalable, deployable architecture for PCS. A HMAC-based digital signature method was proposed to realize control code verification, and two active/passive schemes were proposed to monitor controller devices. At the end of this paper, we also analyzed the performance implications of proposed measures.
Optimization of Monotonic Linear Progressive Queries Based on Dynamic Materialized Views

There is an increasing demand to efficiently process emerging types of queries, such as progressive queries(PQs),fromcontemporarydatabaseapplicationsincludingtelematics,e-commerceandsocial media.Unlikeconventionalqueries,aPQconsistsofasetofstep-queries(SQ). Auserformulatesanew SQ on the fly based on the result(s) from the previous SQ(s). Existing database management systems were not designed to efficiently process such queries. In this paper, we present a novel technique to efficiently process a special type of PQ, called monotonic linear PQs, based on dynamically materializedviews.ThekeyideaistocreateasuperiorrelationshipgraphforSQsfromhistoricalPQs that can be used to estimate the benefit of keeping the current SQ result as a materialized view. The materialized views are used to improve the performance of future SQs. A new storage structure for the materialized views set is designed to facilitate efficient search for a usable view to answer a given SQ. Algorithms/strategies to efficiently construct a superior relationship graph, dynamically select materialized views, effectively manage the materialized views set and efficiently search for usable views are discussed. Experiment results demonstrate that our proposed technique is quite promising.
A dual band antenna based on a Quarter Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide

In this work, a new dual band antenna is presented. The antenna is implemented on a quarter mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology by introducing a slit shaped modification. The dual band antenna concept has been demonstrated for the 2.4GHz and 5GHz WiFi bands but the approach is readily applicable to centimeter and millimeter wave applications due to the low loss characteristics of SIW. Good agreement has been observed between simulations and measurements on a prototype.
Flavonoid quercetin decreases osteoclastic differentiation induced by RANKL via a mechanism involving NFκB and AP‐1

Flavonoids are micronutrients widely present in food of plant origin. They have been attributed pharmacological properties such as anticancer and prevention of age‐related pathologies. It has been recently hypothesized that flavonoids increase bone mass and prevent osteoporosis. However, little is known about the in vitro effects of flavonoids on osteoclast activities. We investigated the effects of quercetin, one of the most commonly occurring flavonoids, on osteoclast differentiation which is a critical determinant step of in vivo bone resorption. Two in vitro models of osteoclast differentiation were used in this study: a murine one, involving the culture of RAW 264.7 cells in presence of receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL), and a human model consisting of differentiating peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMC) isolated from peripheral blood in presence of RANKL and macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF). Osteoclastogenesis was assessed by osteoclast‐like number, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and bone resorbing activity. We showed that quercetin (0.1–10 μM) decreased osteoclastogenesis in a dose dependent manner in both models with significant effects observed at low concentrations, from 1 to 5 μM. The IC50 value was about 1 μM. Analysis of protein–DNA interaction by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) performed on RAW cells showed that a pre‐treatment with quercetin inhibited RANKL‐induced nuclear factor kB (NFκB) and activator protein 1 (AP‐1) activation. NFκB and AP‐1 are transcription factors highly involved in osteoclastic differentiation and their inhibition could play an important role in the decrease of osteoclastogenesis observed in the presence of quercetin. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate for the first time that quercetin, a flavonoid characterized by antioxidant activities, is a potent inhibitor of in vitro osteoclastic differentiation, via a mechanism involving NFκB and AP‐1. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and Efficacy of Ketamine-dexmedetomidine versus Ketamine-propofol Combinations for Sedation in Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background and Aims: Prolonged mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery is associated with serious complications that increase morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to compare ketamine-propofol (KP) and ketamine-dexmedetomidine (KD) combinations for sedation and analgesia in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery as regards hemodynamics, total fentanyl dose, time of weaning from mechanical ventilation, time of extubation, and any adverse outcome. Materials and Methods: Seventy post-CABG patients were sedated using ketamine 1 mg/kg IV then 0.25 mg/kg/h infusion combined with either dexmedetomidine or propofol to maintain Ramsay sedation score ≥4 during assisted ventilation. Group KP received ketamine + propofol 1 mg/kg bolus followed by 25–50 μg/kg/min. Group KD received ketamine + dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg over 20 min and then 0.2–0.7 μg/kg/h. Total dose of fentanyl in the first 24 h, time of weaning, time of extubation, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay time were recorded. Statistics: Sample size of 35 patients was calculated for 90% power, α = 0.05, β = 0.1, and anticipated effect size = 0.40 using sample size software (G*Power version 3.00.10, Germany). Analytic statistics was performed on IBM compatible computer using SPSS version 11.5 (IBM, New York, United States) software package under Windows XP operating system. All results presented in the form of mean ± standard deviation. Data compared using unpaired Student's t-test, P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Group KD showed a significant decrease in mean time of weaning and extubation in group KD in comparison with group KP (374.05 ± 20.25 min vs. 445.23 ± 21.7 min, respectively, P < 0.001) (432.4 ± 19.4 min and 504 ± 28.7 min, respectively, P < 0.0001). Fentanyl consumption showed a significant decrease in group KD in comparison with group KP (41.94 ± 20.43 μg and 152.8 ± 51.2 μg, respectively, with P < 0.0001). There were insignificant difference between both groups as regards hemodynamic stability and length of ICU stay. Conclusion: Using KD combination for sedation, post-CABG surgery provided short duration of mechanical ventilation with less fentanyl dose requirement in comparison with KP with insignificant difference in both groups as regards hemodynamic stability and length of the ICU stay.
Program-algorithm complex for image imposition in aircraft vision systems

One of the most important tasks being solvable on the aircraft board is a task of imposition of real images and images synthesized according to the digital terrain map. Complex of auxiliary tasks and actual imposition task should be solved on a real time basis (with frequency 25 frames per second) and with strict requirements to accuracy of the heterogeneous image imposition. Traditional correlation-extremal methods of imposition ensure a necessary accuracy but require unacceptably high expenditures of computer time. The paper describes an algorithm of imposition based on affine transformations of the synthesized image to the plane of a real video image and also algorithms for solution of auxiliary tasks.
Solution structure of the DNA‐binding domain of the heat shock transcription factor determined by multidimensional heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The solution structure of the 92‐residue DNA‐binding domain of the heat shock transcription factor from Kluyveromyces lactis has been determined using multidimensional NMR methods. Three‐dimensional (3D) triple resonance, 1H‐13C‐13C‐1H total correlation spectroscopy, and 15N‐separated total correlation spectroscopy‐heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation experiments were used along with various 2D spectra to make nearly complete assignments for the backbone and side‐chain 1H, 15N, and 13C resonances. Five‐hundred eighty‐three NOE constraints identified in 3D 13C‐ and l5N‐separated NOE spectroscopy (NOESY)‐heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation spectra and a 4‐dimensional 13C/13C‐edited NOESY spectrum, along with 35 ø, 9 χ1, and 30 hydrogen bond constraints, were used to calculate 30 structures by a hybrid distance geometry/simulated annealing protocol, of which 24 were used for structural comparison. The calculations revealed that a 3‐helix bundle packs against a small 4‐stranded antiparallel β‐sheet. The backbone RMS deviation (RMSD) for the family of structures was 1.03 ± 0.19 Å with respect to the average structure. The topology is analogous to that of the C‐terminal domain of the catabolite gene activator protein and appears to be in the helix‐turn‐helix family of DNA‐binding proteins. The overall fold determined by the NMR data is consistent with recent crystallographic work on this domain (Harrison CJ, Bohm AA, Nelson HCM, 1994, Science 263:224) as evidenced by RMSD between backbone atoms in the NMR and X‐ray structures of 1.77 ± 0.20 Å. Several differences were identified some of which may be due to protein‐protein interactions in the crystal.
Le rôle de la structure informationnelle dans l’interprétation d’une anaphore pronominale inter-phrastique en Français

Dans cette etude, nous nous interessons aux processus d’interpretation d’un pronom anaphorique ambigu tel que « il » dans la phrase « Pierre a frappe Jean quand il etait jeune ». Alors qu’en allemand on observe que le pronom ambigu est preferentiellement relie au premier referent mentionne, « Pierre », en francais, il est preferentiellement relie au second referent, « Jean ». Pour rendre compte de la preference pour le premier referent, on peut postuler qu’il est prefere parce que c’est le sujet de la proposition principale et/ou le topique de la phrase. En allemand, la structure informationnelle est principalement exprimee en faisant varier l’ordre des mots, alors qu’en francais, l’ordre des mots etant beaucoup plus rigide, on doit utiliser des constructions specifiques telles que les dislocations ou les clivees. Par consequent, la premiere position dans la proposition est beaucoup plus marquee comme etant la position du topique en allemand qu’en francais. Meme si dans toutes les langues, il est vrai qu’on prefere relier un pronom anaphorique ambigu au topique, il se peut qu’en francais, en l’absence de topicalisation explicite, un autre facteur, tel que le role grammatical, prenne le pas sur la structure informationnelle et determine la resolution anaphorique. La preference pour le second referent serait, dans ce cas, une preference pour l’objet specifique au francais. Pour tenter de mettre au jour les facteurs responsables de la preference pour le second nom observee en francais, nous avons realise une serie de questionnaires ainsi qu’une experience avec le paradigme du monde visuel dans lesquelles nous manipulions le statut informationnel et le role grammatical du premier referent. Les resultats revelent d’une part un effet de la structure informationnelle : on prefere un referent topicalise a un referent focalise et d’autre part, un effet du role grammatical : on prefere relier le pronom anaphorique a l’objet plutot qu’au sujet de la proposition principale.
Quand traduire, c’est décider : ce que l’interprétation des régularités statistiques d’un corpus peut apporter à la traduction spécialisée

La traduction specialisee implique des choix qui prennent en compte a la fois la situation de communication specifique et les regularites linguistiques du type de discours dans lequel le texte s’inscrit. L’auteur s’interroge a propos des conditions dans lesquelles l’utilisation des techniques automatiques d’interrogation de corpus permet au traducteur de concilier le reperage de ces regularites et la prise en compte de la complexite de l’univers discursif de chaque domaine. A partir de travaux d’apprentis traducteurs, elle analyse les apports et les limites de l’utilisation des outils statistiques pour l’etayage des choix de traduction. Elle montre de quelle maniere des elements contextuels, au croisement du genre, du texte et du domaine, interviennent dans l’interpretation des resultats obtenus par l’analyse automatique. L’interpretation qui fonde le choix de traduction doit prendre en compte l’heterogeneite de corpus representatifs des enjeux specifiques a un domaine de l’activite humaine. Enfin, l’auteur s’efforce de degager les implications de cette analyse pour la formation des traducteurs.
Agujeros negros y solitones gravitatorios en teorías de gravedad con términos superiores en la curvatura

La teoria de gravedad de Lovelock es la extension natural de la teoria de Einstein a dimensiones mayores que cuatro. Esta es una teoria de gran importancia en fisica teorica ya que incluye a la Relatividad general y a las llamadas Gravedades de Chern-Simons como ejemplos particulares. Ademas, la teoria de Lovelock emerge como una correccion de segundo orden en la parte gravitacional de la accion efectiva de bajas energias de ciertas teorias de cuerdas. En esta tesis, estudiamos soluciones de agujero negro y solitones gravita- torios en la teoria de Lovelock. Comezamos nuestro estudio discutiendo las motivaciones para considerar esta teoria de gravedad en particular. Luego, revemos como, en el regimen de distancias cortas, la fisica de los agujeros negros resulta modificada con respecto a lo que aprendimos de la mano de la Relatividad General. Discutimos en detalle los aspectos geometricos y termodinamicos. Luego, atacamos el problema de incluir terminos de borde, y usamos estos para construir soluciones de vacio que pueden ser pensadas como solitones gravitatorios de la teoria de Lovelock en cinco dimensiones. Analizamos detalladamente la (in)estabilidad y la estructura global de las nuevas soluciones. De la gran familia de nuevas soluciones que encontramos, prestamos particular atencion a las soluciones de vacio tipo wormhole y tipo vacuum-shells, esfericamente simetricas. La existencia de este tipo de solu- ciones nos lleva a mostrar que los teoremas tipo Birkhoff en la teoria de Lovelock resultan ser validos solo localmente, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en la teoria de Einstein. Tambien estudiamos la naturaleza de la singularidad en la teoria de Lovelock. En esta teoria, existen soluciones de masa positiva que, aun asi, exhiben singularidades de curvatura desnudas. Probamos que, cuando estas singularidades son analizadas con el metodo de quantum probes, estos espacios singulares pueden ser considerados como regulares en el con- texto cuantico. Esta tesis esta basada en los resultados que la autora ha publicado en las referencias [81, 80, 82]. El contenido tambien fue presentado por la autora en dos seminarios dictados en el Martin A. Fisher Physics Department de Brandeis University.
Interactive effects of ocean acidification and rising sea temperatures alter predation rate and predator selectivity in reef fish communities

Ocean warming and acidification are serious threats to marine life. While each stressor alone has been studied in detail, their combined effects on the outcome of ecological interactions are poorly understood. We measured predation rates and predator selectivity of two closely related species of damselfish exposed to a predatory dottyback. We found temperature and CO2 interacted synergistically on overall predation rate, but antagonistically on predator selectivity. Notably, elevated CO2 or temperature alone reversed predator selectivity, but the interaction between the two stressors cancelled selectivity. Routine metabolic rates of the two prey showed strong species differences in tolerance to CO2 and not temperature, but these differences did not correlate with recorded mortality. This highlights the difficulty of linking species‐level physiological tolerance to resulting ecological outcomes. This study is the first to document both synergistic and antagonistic effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on a crucial ecological process like predator–prey dynamics.