Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of cellular proteins in Rous sarcoma virus-infected cells: analysis by use of anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies

The protein substrates for the tyrosine protein kinases in cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses were analyzed by gel electrophoresis in combination with immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation by antibodies against phosphotyrosine. We found that greater than 90% of phosphotyrosine-containing cellular proteins can be immunoprecipitated by these antibodies. The level of phosphotyrosine-containing cellular proteins detectable by this method markedly increased upon transformation with Rous sarcoma virus, and more than 20 distinct bands of such proteins were found in lysates of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells. Most of these phosphotyrosine-containing proteins had not been identified by other methods, and their presence appeared to correlate with morphological transformation in cells infected with various Rous sarcoma virus mutants and Y73, PRCII, and Fujinami sarcoma viruses. However, considerably different patterns were obtained with cells infected with nontransforming Rous sarcoma virus mutants that encode nonmyristylated src kinases, indicating that most substrates that correlate with transformation can only be recognized by p60v-src associated with the plasma membrane.
How do pregnant women manage lumbopelvic pain? Pain management and their perceived effectiveness.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to (1) investigate the pain management treatments used by pregnant women with lumbopelvic pain and their perceived effectiveness and (2) identify the predictors of pain treatment use. BACKGROUND A variety of treatments have been shown to be effective for reducing pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. However, the frequency of use of pain treatments and their perceived efficacy in pregnant women is still unknown. Knowledge regarding the use and perceived efficacy of these treatments would help guide clinical practice and inform future research. DESIGN A cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling. METHODS Participants were pregnant women in the 35th to 40th gestational week who reported lumbopelvic pain in an antenatal clinic of a medical centre in Taiwan. Questionnaires were administered assessing pain treatment use, pain relief associated with each treatment (e.g. perceived effectiveness), pain intensity, pain interference, pain endurance beliefs and demographic variables. RESULTS Among 295 participants with lumbopelvic pain, only 34 (12%) sought pain treatment. The pain management treatments used included mechanical treatments (80% = 27/34), herbal medicine (9% = 3/34), exercise (6% = 2/34) and medications (6% = 2/34). Average perceived effectiveness associated with the treatments was 55%. Use of pain management strategies was negatively associated with pain endurance beliefs, but not with pain intensity or pain interference. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women with lumbopelvic pain are unlikely to seek or use pain management treatments for pain, suggesting a greater need for adopting effective pain treatment in clinical settings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The study contributes new knowledge regarding how pregnant women cope with lumbopelvic pain and reveals very low rates in the use of pain treatments. Health professionals should assess pregnant women's pain beliefs about pain endurance and emphasise the safety and effectiveness of interventions that have empirical support, to help minimise unnecessary pain during pregnancy.
Identification and characterization of influenza virus isolated from Brazilian snakes

It has been reported that the reptilians can harbor pathogenic microorganisms asymptomatically and serve as potential reservoir of infection to humans, domestic animals and other reptilians. In this present study the aims was to search for an influenza virus in unknown hosts, among the heterothermic animals. Using samples collected from diseased snakes belonging to both genuses: Bothrops and Crotalus, kept in captivity at the Butantan Institute, Brazil, methodology was used for isolation, identification and characterization of the influenza virus. Several repetitions of the snakes’ pulmonary washings was done with MDCK cells, observing the cytopathic effects (CPE) daily.The fluids harvested were evaluated by a Hemagglutination test (HA) and Serological tests such as the Influenza Rapid Test ( Gloria) and Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) using antibody anti-influenza A and B types patterns. The characterization of influenza isolates it was performed by the RT/PCR techniques, with primer PcDNA(flu) that amplifly a 189 bp fragment of NS1 gene. Electron Microscopy (EM) was employed to observe the viral particle ultrastructure. Results obtained through those methods showed that virus replicated in MDCK, showing CPE, with mean titer of 60HAU was comparable with the influenza virus. This virus identification was verified by the antibody to influenza viruses A and B patterns which recognized the antigen of the isolates, by both the Gloria and HI tests . The PCR product characterized the isolates as an the influenza virus that was compatible with the influenza virus used as control. Positive samples observed in EM revealed particles measuring 40 to 120 nm, with an envelope surrounded by spikes. These particles were similar to the human influenza virus particles.Based on these data and also considering the fact that these snakes had respiratory symptoms, it is possible to conclude that these animals could be a susceptible host and a harbour to the influenza virus. The present unpublished work was performed to collaborate with the global search for the influenza host circulation.
Neonatal Circumcision: A Review of the World’s Oldest and Most Controversial Operation

Untimely old, circumcision has elicited more controversy and war of words than any surgical procedure in history. Although previous claims of benefits like curing masturbation, gout, epilepsy, and even insanity were no doubt absurd, important research has shed light on real medical benefits of circumcision. In particular, the procedure has consistently shown to result in the decreased risk of debilitating and costly diseases such as HIV, cervical cancer, and infantile urinary tract infection. Because of advances in the understanding of the anatomy of the foreskin and pain conditioning in infants, prevailing attitudes have changed about anesthesia and analgesia during the procedure. This article objectively summarizes the bulk of significant medical literature over the last century to provide an accurate statement about what we know and what we do not know about neonatal circumcision, including its history, epidemiology, medical benefits, complications, contraindications, techniques, management for pain, and current controversies. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the evolution of circumcision, to list the potential benefits of circumcision, to outline the various neonatal circumcision techniques, and to summarize the data on the use of analgesia for circumcision.
Malaria transmission potential of Anopheles mosquitoes in the Mwea‐Tebere irrigation scheme, Kenya

Abstract. 1. Anopheles arabiensis Patton and An.funestus Giles were identified as vectors of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Mwea‐Tebere irrigation scheme, Kenya. An.arabiensis was the only member of the An.gambiae complex identified from chromosome characteristics. Other Anopheles species found included An.pharoensis Theobald, An.rufipes Gough and An.coustani Laveran.
Small Gallstones Are Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: Potential Benefits of Prophylactic Cholecystectomy?

OBJECTIVES:Pancreatitis is a severe complication of gallstone disease with considerable mortality. Small gallstones may increase the risk of pancreatitis. Our aims were to evaluate potential association of small stones with pancreatitis and potential beneficial effects of prophylactic cholecystectomy.METHODS:Stone characteristics were determined in patients with biliary pancreatitis (115), obstructive jaundice due to gallstones (103), acute cholecystitis (79), or uncomplicated gallstone disease (231). Sizes and numbers of gallbladder and bile duct stones were determined by ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, respectively. Effects of prophylactic cholecystectomy were assessed by decision analyses with a Markov model and Monte Carlo simulations.RESULTS:Patients with pancreatitis or obstructive jaundice had more and smaller gallbladder stones than those with acute cholecystitis or uncomplicated disease (diameters of smallest stones: 3 ± 1, 4 ± 1, 8 ± 1, and 9 ± 1 mm, respectively, p < 0.01). Bile duct stones were smaller in case of pancreatitis than in obstructive jaundice (diameters of smallest stones: 4 ± 1 vs 8 ± 1, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified old age and small stones as independent risk factors for pancreatitis. Decision analysis in a representative group of patients with small (≤5 mm) gallstones (5,000 patients, 67% females, 45 yr old, 10-yr follow-up) indicates that life-years may be gained or lost by cholecystectomy, depending on incidence and mortality of pancreatitis.CONCLUSIONS:Small gallstones are associated with pancreatitis. Prophylactic cholecystectomy may lead to gain or loss of life-years in patients with small stones, depending on incidence and mortality of pancreatitis.
Is body fat loss a determinant factor in the improvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism following aerobic exercise training in obese women?

Thirty-one obese, premenopausal women aged 35.4 +/- 5.1 (SD) years exercised for 90 minutes at approximately 55% of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) four to five times a week for a period of 6 months. The training program induced a significant increase in VO2max (P < .001) and significant improvements in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as reflected by decreased plasma insulin (INS) concentrations measured in the fasting state and after glucose (GLU) ingestion (INS area, P < .001), by reduced plasma cholesterol (C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (P < .001), and by increased ratios of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/LDL-C and HDL2-C/HDL3-C (P < .05 and P < .001, respectively). Changes in body fat mass were positively associated with changes in the INS area/GLU area ratio (r = .49, P < .05) and with changes in very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides ([VLDL-TG] r = .49, P < .05). Furthermore, changes in the INS area were positively associated with changes in VLDL-TG (r = .51, P < .05). Although no significant mean change in body composition was observed, important individual variation was noted. Twenty women showed a reduction in body fat mass (mean reduction, 2.63 +/- 2.2 kg), whereas 11 women showed an increase in adipose mass (mean increase, 2.79 +/- 2.36 kg). Comparable increases in VO2max were observed between the two groups. The group that showed a decrease in body fat mass with exercise also had significant improvements in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of continuity of care on emergency department use.

OBJECTIVE To examine whether continuity of care with an individual health care provider is associated with the number of hospital emergency department (ED) visits in a statewide Medicaid population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study based on a 100% sample of Delaware Medicaid claims for 1 year (July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1994). Continuity with a single provider during the year was computed for each participant. SETTING The state of Delaware. PARTICIPANTS Continuously enrolled Medicaid clients aged 0 to 64 years who had made at least 3 physician office visits during the study year (N = 11,474). INTERVENTION None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Likelihood of making a single ED visit or multiple ED visits during the study year. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, continuity is associated with a significantly lower likelihood of making a single ED visit (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.95), and is even more strongly associated with a lower likelihood of making multiple ED visits (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.76). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that high provider continuity is associated with lower ED use for the Medicaid population. This suggests that strategies to improve continuity of care may result in lower ED use and possibly reduced health care costs. Such strategies may be more acceptable than current managed care policies that attempt to control costs by denying access to emergency care.
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Uterine Cervix: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Genetic Study

Small cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix are rare tumors with an aggressive behavior. Although these tumors can exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation, the criteria for neuroendocrine differentiation are subjective and not well defined. In this study, the authors tentatively defined small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) as a tumor composed of small cells with at least two of the following: argyrophilic cytoplasm, chromogranin A immunoreactivity, and synaptophysin immunoreactivity. We found 10 cases fulfilling these requirements. Five of the 10 tumors were composed mainly of small (“oat”) cells and 5 of mainly larger “intermediate” cells. The majority of both subtypes showed an insular pattern. Three of the 10 SCNECs were pure, whereas the other seven were mixed with adenocarcinoma and/or squamous cell carcinoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. In addition to the definitional markers noted earlier, the tumors were immunoreactive for serotonin (6 cases), somatostatin (5), gastrin (3), glucagon (1), and pancreatic polypeptide (1). No tumors were immunoreactive for cytokeratin 20. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-18 was detected in all of the pure tumors and both the SCNEC and adenocarcinomatous components in four of the mixed tumors. No other types of HPV were detected. The tumors showed a relatively low frequency of loss of heterozygosity for representative tumor suppressor gene sites; p53 mutations were found in only one case.
Cognitive dysfunction in Nigerians with Parkinson's disease

Despite the original description of Parkinson's disease (PD) as a disorder in which “the senses and intellect remain uninjured,” there is now sufficient evidence that cognitive dysfunction does occur. This research determined the frequency, pattern, and predictors of cognitive dysfunction among 51 Nigerian patients with PD compared with 50 demographically matched controls using the modified Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI‘D’) and selected items from the Ibadan Neuropsychological Battery (I‐NB). In all, 21.6% patients with PD (4% of controls) exhibited cognitive impairment (P = 0.008) defined, for the purposes of this study, as total modified CSI‘D’ score below 2 SD of the mean score of the control group. Cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD encompassed memory, language, and executive dysfunction. Correlates of cognitive dysfunction included older age at PD onset (P = 0.001), older current age (P < 0.001), and higher UPDRS motor score (P = 0.005). After logistic regression, older age at onset of PD was the only independent predictor of cognitive dysfunction. (O.R = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.08–1.57, P = 0.006). Cognitive dysfunction occurs more frequently in Nigerians with PD compared to controls. Older age at disease onset is an important determinant of cognitive dysfunction in PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
A Descriptive Study on Level II Fieldwork Supervision in Hospital Settings

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the factors influencing fieldwork educators’ ability and willingness to supervise Level II occupational therapy students in hospital-based settings. Qualitative focus groups were used to explore the perceptions of occupational therapists in four urban hospitals in Nebraska. The study presents the issues facing fieldwork supervisors and their suggestions on how to improve the fieldwork process. Both personal and professional factors influenced occupational therapists’ willingness to accept students, while facility constraints were the primary reason occupational therapists would not accept Level II students. Fieldwork educators believe that their facilities need structured fieldwork programs and that students need more formalized fieldwork preparation at their academic institutions. Themes highlight the need for continued collaborative endeavors between academic fieldwork coordinators and fieldwork educators.
Benefits and Risks of Aprotinin Use During Cardiac Surgery

Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor with antithrombotic, antifibrinolytic, and antiinflammatory effects. It is effective in reducing bleeding and the need for blood transfusions after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Additional benefits, such as cerebral protection, are hypothesized but not yet thoroughly substantiated. The safety of aprotinin has been questioned based on a phase IV analysis of large data sets, including patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Potential risks including increased occurrences of stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, and death are implied by these analyses; however, adequate study group matching is lacking from these nonrandomized, retrospective studies. In October 2007, a large randomized controlled trial comparing antifibrinolytics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery was stopped after a preliminary analysis suggested a trend toward an increase in all‐cause 30‐day mortality associated with aprotinin. Subsequently, the manufacturer of aprotinin temporarily suspended marketing and halted all shipment of aprotinin on a worldwide basis. Pending a complete analysis of this study, the use of aprotinin could be considered as one component of a blood conservation strategy. After contemplating the benefits and risks of this controversial drug, clinicians should reserve its use for patients at high risk for postoperative blood loss.
Quality of life assessment after laparoscopic and open fundoplications. Results of a prospective, clinical study.

BACKGROUND In the evaluation of different treatment alternatives, assessment of the patients' own perceived situation can give important clinical information in addition to the conventional efficacy variables used. METHODS Fifty patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were operated on with either an open fundoplication (n = 25; 17 men; mean age, 51.5 years) or with a fundoplication through the laparoscope (n = 25; 16 men; mean age, 49.8 years). In each case adequate control of the GERD was achieved with the operation, also when objectively assessed. Twelve months after surgery the quality of life was studied by using a battery of self-administered questionnaires (the Psychological General Well-being (PGWB) index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and a visual analogue scale, depicting specific reflux-related symptoms (RVAS). RESULTS After antireflux surgery the overall PGWB scores were normalized with no obvious difference between the two procedures. In the GSRS scale, however, differences were shown between the two procedures, with more dyspeptic and indigestion symptoms in patients having a laparoscopic total fundic wrap. CONCLUSION These data emphasize the clinical efficacy of antireflux surgery, with normalization of the quality of life in terms of well-being after these procedures. It should be noted that these instruments are sensitive enough to pick up significant differences between different antireflux procedures and should therefore be frequently used in the attempt to refine and optimize long-term therapeutic alternatives in reflux disease.
N′-[(E)-(4-Bromo-2-thienyl)methylene]isonicotinohydrazide

In title compound, C11H8BrN3OS, the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 27.61 (14)° and the Br atom is disordered over two sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.804 (2):0.196 (2). In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N interactions, resulting in chains.
Functional Properties and Cellular Distribution of the System A Glutamine Transporter SNAT1 Support Specialized Roles in Central Neurons*

Glutamine, the preferred precursor for neurotransmitter glutamate and GABA, is likely to be the principal substrate for the neuronal System A transporter SNAT1 in vivo. We explored the functional properties of SNAT1 (the product of the rat Slc38a1 gene) by measuring radiotracer uptake and currents associated with SNAT1 expression in Xenopus oocytes and determined the neuronal-phenotypic and cellular distribution of SNAT1 by confocal laser-scanning microscopy alongside other markers. We found that SNAT1 mediates transport of small, neutral, aliphatic amino acids including glutamine (K0.5 ≈ 0.3 mm), alanine, and the System A-specific analogue 2-(methylamino)isobutyrate. Amino acid transport is driven by the Na+ electrochemical gradient. The voltage-dependent binding of Na+ precedes that of the amino acid in a simultaneous transport mechanism. Li+ (but not H+) can substitute for Na+ but results in reduced Vmax. In the absence of amino acid, SNAT1 mediates Na+-dependent presteady-state currents (Qmax ≈ 9 nC) and a nonsaturable cation leak with selectivity Na+, Li+ » H+, K+. Simultaneous flux and current measurements indicate coupling stoichiometry of 1 Na+ per 1 amino acid. SNAT1 protein was detected in somata and proximal dendrites but not nerve terminals of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons throughout the adult CNS. We did not detect SNAT1 expression in astrocytes but detected its expression on the luminal membranes of the ependyma. The functional properties and cellular distribution of SNAT1 support a primary role for SNAT1 in glutamine transport serving the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle in central neurons. Localization of SNAT1 to certain dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and cholinergic motoneurons suggests that SNAT1 may play additional specialized roles, providing metabolic fuel (via α-ketoglutarate) or precursors (cysteine, glycine) for glutathione synthesis.