Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Materiality of Climate Risk

This paper presents evidence from a global survey of nearly 700 investors and companies on the materiality of climate risk for financial reporting. We argue that current disclosure regulation likely requires the disclosure of climate risk on the basis of materiality considerations based on three trends: Recent developments in climate change regulation, heightened litigation risk, and increasing investor awareness. Field evidence shows that the majority of investors believe climate risk to be financially material and to represent heightened regulatory and litigation risk. We find a misalignment of the risk perception of investors compared with companies with potential consequences for the usefulness of climate-related disclosures. Far fewer companies believe that they are exposed to climate risks and consequently do not make any disclosures about it. Investors state difficulties with identifying and quantifying risks due to the lack of disclosures as the main challenge in assessing the impact of climate change.
The creation and transfer of entrepreneurship in emerging economies of the world. An approach through large family-owned corporations of China, Mexico and Brazil.

This article analyses the process of creation and transfer of entrepreneurial competitive advantages in large family firms of three dynamic emerging economies of the 21st century: Brazil, Mexico and China. It does so by studing path dependencies and the creation of dynamic capabilities in three case studies: Pao de Acucar (Brazil), Grupo Carso (Mexico) and Hutchison Whampoa (China). The interdisciplinary perspective of the article enables a long-term analysis of entrepreneurship, and facilitates the study of one important topic of debate in family business studies: the generational transfer of the so-called entrepreneurial spirit. The results of the article show on the one hand that existing historically determined institutions ruling local and global markets, and also inherited practices and values, have highly conditioned the strategies used to create and transfer entrepreneurship between generations in some of the largest family firms in Brazil, China and Mexico.
Aprendizagem semi-supervisionada aplicada à engenharia financeira

A aprendizagem semi-supervisionada se tornou, recentemente, em uma boa alternativa para aumentar a capacidade de generalizacao de modelos de aprendizagem de maquina. A abordagem e utilizada, geralmente, em problemas que as amostras rotuladas sao dificeis de serem obtidas, e as sem rotulo, por sua vez, sao abundantes e facilmente coletadas; o algoritmo de treinamento semi-supervisionado busca, entao, gerar a superficie de separacao entre as classes com base tambem nas amostras sem rotulo. Um exemplo classico e o de classificacao de sites na web: gasta-se muito tempo para se rotular uma amostra de forma confiavel. Entretanto, um crawler e capaz de coletar inumeras amostras sem rotulo rapidamente. Este trabalho mostra uma aplicacao diferenciada do aprendizado semisupervisionado, pois nesse caso, possui-se um extenso conjunto de treinamento rotulado (series temporais financeiras sao facilmente encontradas para download na internet), no entanto, a qualidade desse conjunto e colocada em questao: a rotulacao e confiavel? Atraves da abordagem semi-supervisionada foi possivel minimizar os dados ruidosos do conjunto de treinamento, melhorando os resultados obtidos. %%%%Semi-supervised learning had become, recently, a good alternative to improve generalization capacity in machine learning models. The approach is generally used in problems that labeled samples are hard to be obtained and unlabeled, in turn, are plenty and easily collected; the semisupervised training algorithm tries to generate the separation surface between the two classes based also on unlabeled data. A classic example is the web sites classification: give a trustworthy label to a sample is time consuming. Nonetheless, a crawler can quickly collect a great number of unlabeled samples. This work shows a different application of semi-supervised learning, because in this case, it is possessed a long labeled training set (financial time series can be easily downloaded from internet), however, the quality of this set is put under prove: the labels are trustworthy? Through the semi-supervised approach it was possible minimize the noise data from training set, improving the results obtained.
A Study of Factors Affecting the Credibility of Sponsored Posts Created by Instagram Influencers

This study examined how source expertise, objective information about product ingredients and benefits, review length, and the use of promotional language influence the perceived credibility of a sponsored review post for skincare products. This study carried out 4 in-depth interviews and online survey to 106 millennials living in the U.S. Results indicated that subjective comments about a reviewer’s personal experiences had a higher level of perceived credibility of a review post than objective information about product ingredients and benefits. With regard to source expertise, a sponsored review post written by an influencer with higher expertise was perceived as more reliable than a review post written by an influencer with lower expertise. This study also found that a lengthy post had a more positive effect on the perceived credibility of a post than a short post. Promotional language had a negative effect on the reliability of a post. A sponsored review post without a promotional message was evaluated more positively in terms trustworthiness than a post including promotional language.
Fine temporal structure of Finnish sign language

Signs can be divided to syllables and further into transitions and nuclei based on the sign ﬂow of the handshapes. Here, a mixed effects linear regression model is used to describe the variation in the duration of the syllable nuclei in a data set of 341 signs (474 syllables) produced by ﬁve native FinSL signers during a map task. The phonetic ﬁxed variables are the duration of the adjacent transitions and syllable nuclei; phonological ﬁxed variables are the syllabic length of the sign, the syllable position within the sign, and the sign type (functional or content bear-ing). Both preceding and following nucleus had a signiﬁcant effect on the nucleus duration, while an asymmetric effect was found for the transitions: only the postnuclear transition had a signiﬁcant effect. The syllable structure had no effect. How-ever, the nuclei were shorter in function signs. These results suggest that signs are produced in two stages where the ﬁrst stage, preparatory transition, is merged with the production of the previous syllable, and the second stage consists of executing the sign.
Cloud Decision Support System for Risk Management in Railway Transportation

The paper features the development of a decision support system for railway transportation based on risk management. The implementation of risk management in this area is required by EU and national regulations. At present, there are no dedicated systems that would provide complex support of this process and, at the same time, enable to exchange experience and develop a common knowledge base not only on the level of a particular railway company, but also the whole industry. The solution presented in this paper assists the personnel responsible for risk management, allows to use a knowledge base and expertise, and supports data exchange between particular organizations on the railway market.
A comparative analysis of the relative occupational status of lawyers and accountants in nineteenth-century England and Wales

ABSTRACT This study looks at the relationship between accounting and legal practitioners in nineteenth-century England and Wales through the application of comparative, sociological occupational-status metrics to observe the changing relative social status positions of these disciplines from 1821 to 1911. The study uses an approach to attributing occupational status based on the methods developed by Nam and Powers utilising existing nineteenth-century datasets to assign status to a range of occupational groupings. The data generated measures of relative occupational status and the magnitude of the differences, along with the education and earnings status metrics, for the occupational groups labelled Accounting and Legal, both prior to and after the establishment of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. The measurements of relative status confirm the impact of changing legislation and a better-educated workforce on the status of the élite of accounting and the pressure they felt to professionalise their activities to differentiate their status from the burgeoning educated workforce attracted to accounting as an occupational discipline.
Varieties of capitalism, corporate governance mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement: An overview of coordinated and liberal market economies

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Varieties of capitalism, corporate governance mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement: An overview of coordinated and liberal market economies, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1840. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Innovation networks effects simulation models

In current conditions it becomes necessary to develop guidelines for development of the national innovation systems and assessing their role in sustainable national socio-economic development. In the conditions innovation development strategies should be focused on ensuring the competitiveness of economic entities, which can be done through innovation networks. The study enhances academic understanding of the factors of innovation transformation based on innovation networks, designed to ensure the involvement of large number of agents to contribute to the implementation of structural changes. In this paper authors analyze the main indicators of innovation networks impact and investigate the main aspects of innovation networks effects simulation. The hypothesis of the study deals with the assumption that the innovation development of the economic system at the present stage, in addition to stimulating the innovative activity of existing entities, deals with the formation of network structures. This research addresses the indicators for networks modeling by developing and testing a series of points indicating how networks affect economic growth. The foregoing discussion has attempted to innovation networks innovation potential assessing methodology based on indicators of the quantitative composition and dynamics of innovation potential to substantiate the viability of this organizational form in developing sectoral policies and technological priorities has been developed. The developed economic and mathematical model of innovation management network leads us to the conclusion that allows predict changes and form a targeted impact on factors when creating new intersectoral structures in order to increase the volume of innovation products.
Reproducibilidad y sensibilidad del cuestionario “Impacto del peso en la calidad de vida” en mexicanos obesos

Objetivo: Determinar si el cuestionario "Impacto del peso en la calidad de vida" (IWQOL) es reproducible y sensible para identificar diferencias entre las clases de obesidad establecidas por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Metodos: El IWQOL fue traducido al castellano de acuerdo a la usanza del lenguaje en Mexico pero manteniendo un vocabulario amplio para America Latina. Investigamos la reproducibilidad del cuestionario por el metodo de prueba-reprueba (n=82, IMC=37.8±8.4), la sensibilidad para identificar diferencias entre los grados de la obesidad (n=105, IMC=35.1±9.5) y la sensibilidad para detectar diferencias despues de recibir algun tratamiento para la perdida del peso (n=40, IMC=39.2±7). Resultados: El IWQOL mostro buena reproducibilidad y sensibilidad para identificar diferencias entre grupos de obesos y cambios luego de tratamiento. Todos los dominios fueron reproducibles (criterio a priori: la diferencia entre prueba re-prueba no debia ser mayor de 5 puntos orcentuales) y tuvieron alta validez interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach0.92 para todos los dominios). El IWQOL detecto diferencias entre los grupos divididos por la severidad de la obesidad, siendo los mas afectados aquellos con IMC45. Los sujetos sometidos a tratamiento perdieron 6.4 kg (IC95%=4.6-8.2) durante un periodo de 2.70±1 meses e incrementaron la calificacion en todos los dominios, excepto el correspondiente a "trabajo". Conclusiones: El cuestionario IWQOL es una herramienta confiable y sensible que se puede utilizar para la investigacion de la calidad de vida en mexicanos y probablemente en la mayoria de las poblaciones latinoamericanas. Nuestro estudio es el primero en validar el IWQOL en Mexico.
Is there migration-related inequity in health service utilisation in Germany?

An anchor system for a hollow tubular support post of a starting platform utilizes a hollow tubular anchor body having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional configuration which is adapted to be imbedded in the deck of a swimming pool. A base plate is connected to the anchor body and has four upstanding projections with tapered outer surfaces defining four corner projections of a truncated pyramid which extends into the hollow tubular anchor body. The anchor body has a plurality of inwardly projecting protrusions adjacent the upper end thereof in each side wall of the anchor body whereby upon insertion of a hollow tubular support post having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional configuration complementary to the cross-sectional configuration of the anchor body, internal surfaces of a lower end of the support post will slide over the four upstanding projections on the base member in frictional contact with the tapered outer surfaces thereof and with the inwardly projecting protuberances disposed in frictional engagement with the outer surfaces of the hollow tubular post.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Company Innovation Culture: Perspectives from the Service Sector of an Emerging Economy

Focusing on the importance of innovation culture to the growth of firms, the study examined the effect of transformational leadership on the innovation culture of firms in the service industry in Ghana. The study further assessed the moderating role of organizational learning capability and market dynamism. A sample of 210 employees in the telecommunication, banking and insurance, tourism and hospitality sectors were surveyed. A quantitative research approach was employed to test the various relationships. The findings indicated that transformational leadership had a significant and positive relationship with innovation culture. The findings further revealed that the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation culture was positively enhanced by market dynamism. Organizational learning capability which had two dimensions, that is, interaction with external environment and dialogue had a partial moderating effect on innovation culture. The study provides executives with critical insights on the need to allow employees to make some decisions where necessary and also trust in their decision and not always control the work tightly from the top; as such micromanaging could have adverse impact on the firm’s innovation drive and culture. The researcher contributes to extant literature by finding the moderating role of market dynamism and learning capability on the effect of transformational leadership and innovation culture in an organisation specifically in the service industry of an emerging country.
Review on Climate Change Impacts and its Adaptation strategies on Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

Agriculture and food security are key sectors for intervention under climate change and highly sensitive to climate change. In Sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture-the mainstay of rural livelihoods-is particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, and the adaptive capacity of rural smallholders is extremely low. Agricultural Production is highly vulnerable even to low-end predictions for global mean temperatures in 2100, with major implications for rural poverty and for both rural and urban food security. In recent years it has become clear that climate change is an inevitable process. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the expectation is that climate change will have an especially negative impact on agriculture and food security, not only a result of projected warming and rainfall deficits, but also because of the vulnerability of the population. The impact upon agriculture and food security will be of great significance Sub-Saharan Africa. To further investigate the link between climate change, agriculture and food security the realist review method was employed. Analysis of the literature found consistent predictions of decreased crop productivity, land degradation, high market prices, and negative impacts on livelihoods, and increased malnutrition. Adaptation strategies were heavily discussed as a means of mitigating a situation of severe food insecurity across the entire region. This is linked to issues of development, whereby adaptation is essential to counteract the negative impacts and improve the potential of the population to undergo development processes. Findings additionally revealed a gap in the literature about how nutrition will be affected, which is of importance given the links between poor nutrition and lack of productivity.
Effect of energy information provision on occupant’s behavior and energy consumption in public spaces

‘Nudge’, which is a framework of altering people’s behaviour in a predictable way without large penalty or economic incentives, is applied to energy saving measures of buildings in several papers. However, most of them focus on energy saving in a private space such as home, and little research has been done for energy saving in a public space. In this research, field experiments were conducted with the aim of energy saving in a public space by offering information. Focusing on individual behavior in a public space, we provided information directly to an individual, not to a public. By using power taps and thermal sensors, the individual equipment electricity consumption during absence, which is considered as the amount of energy wasted, is calculated. The subjects were divided into three groups. Through the information provision, some people changed their behavior and reduced energy consumption by approximately 70%. Furthermore, it was founded that those who originally consumed much energy even when absent might tend not to change behavior by receiving information. The results from this experiment will provide fresh insight into information provision such as data visualization for energy saving of a public space and be useful for life management of occupants.
Impact of Helping Babies Breathe (HBB), a basic neonatal resuscitation educational program for birth attendants in low-resource setting: a systematic review

5 BACKGROUND . 7 OBJECTIVES . 17 METHODS . 17 RESULTS . 25 DISCUSSION . 37 AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS . 47 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 49 APPENDIXES . 51 Appendix 1 Search strategy in electronic databases . 51 Appendix 2 Characteristics of included, excluded, on-going studies . 53 Appendix 3 PRISMA Flow Diagram . 60 Appendix 4 PRISMA Checklist . 61 REFERENCES . 62
Three Essays on Indonesian Migration, Household Consumption, Education and Health

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History and Present Status of Psychiatry in China

As early as 2,000 years ago, the Chinese medical literature reported on mental disorders, referring to their etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Modern psychiatry, however, has developed in the 20th century, particularly during the last 30 years. As different historical periods are marked by different social conditions, and Chinese psychiatry has been enriched by the influence of many schools, this paper deals only with modern psychiatry and in terms of five periods: preliberation, early postliberation, the first half of the '60s, the second half of the '60s and first half of the '70s, and the second half of the '70s.
Jobs Challenges in Slavonia, Croatia – A Subnational Labor Market Assessment

A thriving region until the early 1990s, Slavonia, the eastern region of Croatia, has been confronted with stagnation and decline, ageing and outmigration as well as impoverishment ever since. This followed Croatia's homeland war of 1991-1995, with Slavonia one of the frontlines, economic restructuring of its state-led economy during the 1990s and 2000s and the global economic crisis of the late 2000s. More recently, after Croatia's EU accession in 2013 and coinciding with the economic upswing since 2014 in Croatia and the EU, Slavonia's labor market has started to tighten, with registered vacancies now exceeding the number of job seekers for highly educated as well as some unskilled and semi-skilled occupations. However, inactivity and unemployment remain high. In 2017, the share of the working-age population in work was only 51 percent, 10 percentage points below the rest of Croatia (61 percent) and 17 percentage points below the 2017 EU28 average. A legacy of war, limited availability of care services, and especially lower education levels explain an important part of Slavonia's much higher inactivity and unemployment. On the demand side, labor productivity in Slavonia's firms is systematically lower than in the rest of the country (except in agriculture and forestry), also consistent with Slavonia's sizeablewage gap. This, together with general disenchantment of the Slavonian population with the economicand business environment, has prompted outmigration. At the same time, a small number of firms alsooutperform their sectoral competitors elsewhere in Croatia, signaling Slavonia's potential.Looking ahead, private sector job creation remains a top priority, especially focusing on Slavonia's lower educated, who make up the bulk of the unemployed and inactive. This especially requires a reduction in the regulatory burden and an increase in Slavonian firms' competitiveness, which will also help to close the substantial wage gap with the rest of Croatia. Given the large share of its population in agriculture and forestry-related activities (close to 30 percent), Program Slavonia's current focus on agriculture and forestry is clearly warranted. With Slavonia's longstanding history and labor force experience in manufacturing and the rising number of vacancies in this sector, so is attention to manufacturing.