Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD31 (PECAM‐1) is a differentiation antigen lost during human CD4 T‐cell maturation into Th1 or Th2 effector cells

The CD31 antigen (PECAM‐1) has been reported to be a stable marker for a human CD4 T‐cell subpopulation unable to produce interleukin‐4 (IL‐4). We show here that CD31 expression is not stable inasmuch as CD4 T‐cell lines and clones derived from cell‐sorted neonatal CD31+ cells lose CD31 upon repetitive cycles of stimulation and IL‐2 expansion. Moreover, various cytokines (IL‐1α, IL‐4, IL‐6, transforming growth factor‐β) fail to reinduce CD31 on CD31− clones. Whereas all CD31+ CD4 T cells rapidly express high levels of the CD45RO antigen and down‐regulate the l‐selectin antigen after priming, CD31 disappears more slowly because only part of the cells lose CD31 expression upon each cycle of stimulation. Loss of CD31 reflects a functional maturation of CD45RO+ cells since, in a system which favours the development of Th2 effectors, IL‐4 is produced by CD31− but not CD31+ effector T cells, whereas interferon‐γ is produced by both types of cells. However, CD31 is not a Th1 marker since it is not expressed on several Th1 antigen‐specific clones. We conclude that CD31 is a maturation marker expressed on the great majority of naive CD45RO− CD4 T cells and on a subset of CD45RO+ CD4 T cells that are at an intermediate stage of maturation.
Reactivation of coagulation after stopping infusions of recombinant hirudin and unfractionated heparin in unstable angina and myocardial infarction without ST elevation: results of a randomized trial. OASIS Pilot Study Investigators. Organization to Assess Strategies for Ischemic++ Syndromes.

AIMS To compare effects of heparin and hirudin on biochemical markers of coagulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients (n=395) with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST elevation were randomized to a 72-h infusion of one of three regimens: unfractionated heparin (bolus of 5000 IU followed by an infusion of 1200 IU. h(-1)), low-dose hirudin (HBW 023; 0.2 mg. kg(-1)bolus followed by 0.10 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)) or medium-dose hirudin (0.4 mg. kg(-1)bolus followed by 0.15 mg. kg(-1). h(-1)). Infusions were adjusted to maintain an activated partial thromboplastin time of between 60-100 s. Activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2), thrombin antithrombin III complex and D-dimer were measured before, during and after the infusion. Median activated partial thromboplastin time was similar in the two groups early on, but was significantly lower in the heparin group than in the combined hirudin group 48 h after starting the infusion (53 s and 75 s, respectively;P<0.001), and 6 h after stopping (31 s and 46 s, respectively;P<0.001). Median F1.2 levels were not significantly different between the groups during the infusion. Median thrombin antithrombin III levels in the heparin and hirudin groups were 2.8 microg. l(-1)and 2.3 microg. l(-1), respectively, at 6 h (P<0.001), and 3.0 microg. l(-1)and 2.3 microg. l(-1), respectively, at 48 h (P<0.001). Median D-dimer levels were 320 ng. ml(-1)and 260 ng. ml(-1)48 h after starting the infusion in the heparin and hirudin groups, respectively (P<0.001), and 415 ng. ml(-1)and 280 ng. ml(-1), respectively (P<0.001) 6 h after stopping. D-dimer levels were significantly elevated above baseline values in both groups 24-48 h after stopping the infusions. CONCLUSIONS The greater reduction of thrombin antithrombin III and D-dimer during the hirudin infusion supports the hypothesis that hirudin is a more potent antithrombin agent than heparin. Increased D-dimer levels after stopping heparin or hirudin suggest that there is an ongoing pro-coagulant state. These results point to the greater efficacy of hirudin in preventing early clinical events (death, myocardial infarction and refractory ischaemia) compared with heparin that have been observed in large randomized trials. Persistent activation of coagulation afterstopping infusions in our study suggests that a longer course of antithrombotic treatment may be needed to pacify the thrombus.
Base moléculaire des effets de l'huile d'argan sur le métabolisme mitochondrial et peroxysomal des acides gras et sur l'inflammation

L’objectif des travaux de cette these a ete d’explorer les bases moleculaires de l’effet de l’huile d’Argan (HA) sur le metabolisme lipidique au niveau mitochondriale et peroxysomale ainsi qu’elucider son potentiel anti-inflammatoire. Nous avons donc montre, dans un premier temps, que les methodes artisanales preservaient les proprietes antioxydantes d’HA empechant l’oxydation de l’acide ferulique contrairement a l’HA d’origines commerciale. Ensuite, le traitement par l‘HA ou par les lipopolysaccharides (LPS) de fibroblastes humains, un modele cellulaire de la pseudo-adrenoleucodystrophie neonatale (P-NALD), revele pour l’HA une proliferation des peroxysomes independante de l’activation du recepteur nucleaire PPARα et de son coactivateur PGC-1α. Par contre, l’induction de la proliferation de peroxysomes par les LPS est accompagnee d’une activation de PPAR et de PGC-1Parallelement, une etude a ete realisee au niveau hepatique chez des souris traitees par l‘HA ou par les LPS. Nous avons montre pour la premiere fois l’activite antioxydante de l’huile d’Argan in vivo au niveau hepatique par l’induction de l’activite enzymatique de la catalase peroxysomale et une activite hypolipemiante par la stimulation des activites deshydrogenases (ACADs) de la -oxydations mitochondriale des acides gars. De plus, l’HA induit la transcription des genes PPECK et G6PH de la voie de la neoglucogenese. Nous avons montre egalement pour la premiere fois un effet preventif de l’HA contre la repression des activites deshydrogenases des voies de -oxydations mitochondriale et peroxysomale, ainsi que celle la voie de la neoglucogenese. Nos travaux demontrent que l’HA possede un potentiel anti-inflammatoire, induit par le LPS, elucide par la repression de cytokines pro-inflammatoires IL-6 et TNFα et par l’induction de cytokines anti-inflammatoires IL10 et IL-4. L’ensemble de nos resultats indiquerait que l’huile d’Argan, du fait de sa composition riche en acide gras mono et polyinsatures et en antioxydants, a des effets hypolipemiants et anti-inflammatoires au niveau hepatique qui se traduisent par une regulation de l’expression a la fois de recepteurs nucleaires et de leur genes cibles ainsi que de certaines cytokines
Plant RNA Regulatory Network and RNA Granules in Virus Infection

Regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression on mRNA level in eukaryotic cells includes translocation, translation, translational repression, storage, mRNA decay, RNA silencing, and nonsense-mediated decay. These processes are associated with various RNA-binding proteins and cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes many of which are conserved across eukaryotes. Microscopically visible aggregations formed by ribonucleoprotein complexes are termed RNA granules. Stress granules where the translationally inactive mRNAs are stored and processing bodies where mRNA decay may occur present the most studied RNA granule types. Diverse RNP-granules are increasingly being assigned important roles in viral infections. Although the majority of the molecular level studies on the role of RNA granules in viral translation and replication have been conducted in mammalian systems, some studies link also plant virus infection to RNA granules. An increasing body of evidence indicates that plant viruses require components of stress granules and processing bodies for their replication and translation, but how extensively the cellular mRNA regulatory network is utilized by plant viruses has remained largely enigmatic. Antiviral RNA silencing, which is an important regulator of viral RNA stability and expression in plants, is commonly counteracted by viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Some of the RNA silencing suppressors localize to cellular RNA granules and have been proposed to carry out their suppression functions there. Moreover, plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein-mediated virus resistance has been linked to enhanced processing body formation and translational repression of viral RNA. Many interesting questions relate to how the pathways of antiviral RNA silencing leading to viral RNA degradation and/or repression of translation, suppression of RNA silencing and viral RNA translation converge in plants and how different RNA granules and their individual components contribute to these processes. In this review we discuss the roles of cellular RNA regulatory mechanisms and RNA granules in plant virus infection in the light of current knowledge and compare the findings to those made in animal virus studies.
Interleukin-2 Receptor Antibody Reduces Rejection Rates and Graft Loss in Live-Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background. The use of interleukin-2 receptor antibody (IL-2Ra) induction has been associated with reduced rejection rates in both live and deceased donor kidney transplantation. However, the longer term effect of IL-2Ra induction on estimated glomerular filtration rates and graft and patient survival remains unclear. Methods. Using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, live donor renal transplant recipients in Australia between 2001 and 2005 were studied (n=1106). Multiple organ graft recipients and those receiving T-cell depletive induction therapy or steroid- or calcineurin-free inhibitor regimens were excluded. Outcomes analyzed included the presence of rejection at 6 months, estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 and 3 years, 5 years graft and patient survival. Results. A total of 41.7% of live donor renal transplant recipients received IL-2Ra induction. Recipients of IL-2Ra experienced a 51% reduction in the incidence of acute rejection (odds ratio 0.49, 95%CI 0.36–0.67; P<0.001). In addition, the use of IL-2Ra was associated with reduced overall graft loss (hazard ratio 0.58, 95%CI 0.35–0.96; P=0.03) and higher mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 year but not 3 years. There was no association between IL-2Ra induction and death-censored graft loss or death with functioning graft. Conclusion. This registry analysis demonstrates that IL-2Ra induction in live donor kidney transplantation is associated with substantial clinical benefits of reduced risk of acute rejection, improved short-term graft function, and reduced graft loss.
Identification et catégorisation automatique des entités nommées dans les textes français

La reconnaissance des entites nommees (EN) reste un probleme pour de nombreuses applications de Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles. Consequemment a une etude linguistique permettant l'emergence de parametres definitoires operationnels lies au concept d'entite nommee, un etat de l'art du domaine et une etude en corpus fondee sur des criteres graphiques et referentiels, nous presentons Nemesis, un systeme d'identification et de categorisation des EN du francais, fonde sur l'analyse des evidences interne et externe realisee a l'aide de lexiques de mots declencheurs et de regles de reecriture et comportant une phase d'apprentissage. Dans cette version minimale, Nemesis atteint environ 90% en precision et 80% en rappel. Pour augmenter le rappel, nous proposons differents modules optionnels (examen d'un contexte encore plus large et utilisation du Web comme source de nouveaux contextes) et une etude pour la realisation d'un module de desambiguisation et d'apprentissage de regles.
The propagation of binding interactions to remote sites in proteins: analysis of the binding of the monoclonal antibody D1.3 to lysozyme.

The interaction of a ligand with a protein occurs at a local site (the binding site) and involves only a few residues; however, the effects of that interaction are often propagated to remote locations. The chain of events initiated by binding provides the basis for fundamental biological phenomena such as allosterism, signal transduction, and structural-stability modification. In this paper, a structure-based statistical thermodynamic approach is presented and used to predict the propagation of the stabilization effects triggered by the binding of the monoclonal antibody D1.3 to hen egg white lysozyme. Previously, Williams et al. [Williams, D. C. , Benjamin, D. C. , Poljak, R. J. & Rule, G. S. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 257, 866-876] showed that the binding of this antibody affects the stability of hen egg white lysozyme and that the binding effects propagate to a selected number of residues at remote locations from the binding epitope. In this paper, we show that this phenomenon can be predicted from structure. The formalism presented here permits the identification of the structural path followed by cooperative interactions that originate at the binding site. It is shown that an important condition for the propagation of binding effects to distal regions is the presence of a significant fraction of residues with low structural stability in the uncomplexed binding site. A survey of protein structures indicates that many binding sites have a dual character and are defined by regions of high and low structural stabilities. The low-stability regions might be involved in the transmission of binding information to other regions in the protein.
Improving the Prediction of Winter Precipitation and Temperature over the Continental United States: Role of the ENSO State in Developing Multimodel Combinations

Abstract Recent research into seasonal climate prediction has focused on combining multiple atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) to develop multimodel ensembles. A new approach to combining multiple GCMs is proposed by analyzing the skill levels of candidate models contingent on the relevant predictor(s) state. To demonstrate this approach, historical simulations of winter (December–February, DJF) precipitation and temperature from seven GCMs were combined by evaluating their skill—represented by mean square error (MSE)—over similar predictor (DJF Nino-3.4) conditions. The MSE estimates are converted into weights for each GCM for developing multimodel tercile probabilities. A total of six multimodel schemes are considered that include combinations based on pooling of ensembles as well as on the long-term skill of the models. To ensure the improved skill exhibited by the multimodel scheme is statistically significant, rigorous hypothesis tests were performed comparing the skill of multimodels with.
Cellular fatty acid composition of Campylobacter fetus

The cellular fatty acid composition of 29 human and animal isolates of Campylobacter fetus was determined with gas-liquid chromatography. All strains contained small amounts of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, suggesting the presence of lipid A. Each of 13 different blood or stool isolates of C. fetus subsp. jejuni obtained from humans or fowl contained a 19-carbon cyclopropane acid which was not present in C. fetus subsp. fetus (6 strains from cattle) or C. fetus subsp. intestinalis (10 strains from humans and cattle). These findings indicate that C. fetus subsp. jejuni can be rapidly differentiated from other C. fetus by gas-liquid chromatography analysis of cellular fatty acids.
The sentinel role of the airway epithelium in asthma pathogenesis

Summary: The adoption of the concept that asthma is primarily a disease most frequently associated with elaboration of T‐helper 2 (Th2)‐type inflammation has led to the widely held concept that its origins, exacerbation, and persistence are allergen driven. Taking aside the asthma that is expressed in non‐allergic individuals leaves the great proportion of asthma that is associated with allergy (or atopy) and that often has its onset in early childhood. Evidence is presented that asthma is primarily an epithelial disorder and that its origin as well as its clinical manifestations have more to do with altered epithelial physical and functional barrier properties than being purely linked to allergic pathways. In genetically susceptible individuals, impaired epithelial barrier function renders the airways vulnerable to early life virus infection, and this in turn provides the stimulus to prime immature dendritic cells toward directing a Th2 response and local allergen sensitization. Continued epithelial susceptibility to environmental insults such as viral, allergen, and pollutant exposure and impaired repair responses leads to asthma persistence and provides the mediator and growth factor microenvironment for persistence of inflammation and airway wall remodeling. Increased deposition of matrix in the epithelial lamina reticularis provides evidence for ongoing epithelial barrier dysfunction, while physical distortion of the epithelium consequent upon repeated bronchoconstriction provides additional stimuli for remodeling. This latter response initially serves a protective function but, if exaggerated, may lead to fixed airflow obstruction associated with more severe and chronic disease. Dual pathways in the origins, persistence, and progression of asthma help explain why anti‐inflammatory treatments fail to influence the natural history of asthma in childhood and only partially does so in chronic severe disease. Positioning the airway epithelium as fundamental to the origins and persistence of asthma provides a rationale for pursuit of therapeutics that increase the resistance of the airways to environmental insults rather than concentrating all effort on suppressing inflammation.
Grammaire de la langue mano (mandé-sud) dans une perspective typologique

L’objectif de ce travail est de presenter une description grammaticale aussi complete que possible de la langue mano (pres de 400 000 locuteurs en Guinee et au Liberia) tout en la placant dans un contexte typologique, en comparant le mano avec d’autres langues mande, mais aussi en distinguant des particularites typologiques a un niveau plus large. Le texte de la these est divise en six chapitres: Phonologie et phonetique; Morphologie; Groupe nominal; Groupe verbal; Systeme predicatif; Syntaxe de l'enonce. Justifiant l'orientation typologique de la these, chaque chapitre se conclut par une section presentant des caracteristiques typologiques. Les themes suivants ont ete examines en detail: etude quantitative de phonotactique, etude de la categorie du nombre, y compris l’expression du nombre et l’accord en nombre ; le systeme des quantificateurs ; la structure argumentale ; l’etude de corpus de distribution des marqueurs predicatifs ; la syntaxe de l’enonce, notamment la syntaxe de l’enonce relatif. Les annexes a la fin de la these representent des complements d'information importants, notamment les paradigmes verbaux complets. Deux de ces annexes sont des textes gloses.
Theoretic aspects of pharmacokinetic drug interactions

Various nutritional and environmental factors are known to alter the rates at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. Some of these factors may exert their effects by changing gastrointestinal motility, blood flow rates through various organs, the activities of enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of drugs, the reversible binding of drugs to components in blood and other tissues, and the rate of elimination by the kidney. Because these physiologic and biochemical functions are interrelated, however, a given change in anyone of them mayor may not result in significant changes in the concentration of unbound drug at pharmacologic and toxicologic action sites. Indeed, whether the concentration of unbound drug at action sites is significantly changed may also depend on the principle organ of elimination, the route of administration, and the dosage schedule of the drug. In order to illustrate the effects of alterations in blood flow rates, enzyme activity, and reversible binding to blood components on the total body clearance of drugs, mathematical equations were derived for a general pharmacokinetic model that includes elimination of drugs by feces, intestinal mucosa, liver (metabolism and biliary excretion), lung, and kidney. With these equations it is possible to describe the conditions under which a change in the activities of drug‐metabolizing enzymes in a given organ or a change in the reversible binding of drugs to blood components may result in significant changes in the apparent total body clearance of drugs and thus in significant changes in the average steady‐state concentration of unbound drug at action sites after multiple doses. The fact that reversible binding of drugs to blood components may result in either increases or decreases in the half‐life of drugs in the body is noted, and a universally applicable nomogram has been designed to illustrate the conditions under which each of these events will occur.
Drosophila Egg-Laying Site Selection as a System to Study Simple Decision-Making Processes

The ability to select a better option from multiple acceptable ones is important for animals to optimize their resources. The mechanisms that underlie such decision-making processes are not well understood. We found that selection of egg-laying site in Drosophila melanogaster is a suitable system to probe the neural circuit that governs simple decision-making processes. First, Drosophila females pursue active probing of the environment before depositing each egg, apparently to evaluate site quality for every egg. Second, Drosophila females can either accept or reject a sucrose-containing medium, depending on the context. Last, communication of the “acceptability” of the sucrose-containing medium as an egg-laying option to the reproductive system depends on the function of a group of insulin-like peptide 7 (ILP7)–producing neurons. These findings suggest that selection of egg-laying site involves a simple decision-making process and provide an entry point toward a systematic dissection of this process.