Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase Shift in the Circadian Rhythm of Floral Promotion by Far Red Energy in Hordeum vulgare L.

Eight-day-old barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Wintex) were pretreated with a single 24-hour daylight fluorescent photoperiod that was supplemented with sufficient far-red energy (FR) to produce a relative red (R)/FR ratio of 0.5. These plants undergo floral initiation about a week after they are returned to 12-hour daylight fluorescent photoperiods (R/FR ratio, 5.5), but floral development does not begin for an additional 2 weeks. Addition of FR light to a subsequent 12-hour photoperiod decreases the lag period between initiation and development by 10 days without affecting the rate of development. Extending the photoperiod to 24 hours has the same effect on the lag period, but this treatment also increases the rate of development. FR present during the second half of this 24-hour photoperiod only further increases the rate of development. Thus, the presence of FR during the first half of the photoperiod appears to affect the time of onset of floral development, while its presence during the second half of the photoperiod affects the rate of this development.When a 6-hour pulse of FR was given at various times during a 72- to 96-hour continuous daylight fluorescent period, the response varied rhythmically and was maximal during the second half of each 24-hour cycle. When one 6-hour FR pulse, given at a point of maximal response, is followed by a second 6-hour FR pulse at various times relative to the first, the phase of this rhythm is advanced by about 12 hours. This suggests that FR has two separate but concomitant effects. It causes (a) earlier and/or more rapid flowering and (b) it alters the phase of the endogenous circadian rhythm that regulates the ability of the plant to respond.
Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Lipolytic Enzyme Gene (lip8) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa LST-03

A lipolytic enzyme gene (lip8) was cloned from organic solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa LST-03 and sequenced. In the sequenced nucleotides, an open reading frame consisting of 1,173 nucleotides and encoding 391 amino acids was found. Lip8 is considered to belong to the family VIII of lipolytic enzymes whose serine in the consensus sequence of -Ser-Xaa-Xaa-Lys- acts as catalytic nucleophile. The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and hydrophobic interaction and ion-exchange chromatographies to homogeneity on SDS-PAGE analysis. The optimum temperature and heat stability of Lip8 were not as high as those of Lip3 and LST-03 lipase, two other lipolytic enzymes from the same strain. Addition of glycerol to a solution containing Lip8 stabilized this enzyme. By measuring the activities against various triacylglycerols and fatty acid methyl esters having carbon chains of different lengths, Lip8 was categorized as an esterase which has higher activities against fatty acid methyl esters with short-chain fatty acids.
den V gene of bacteriophage T4 codes for both pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase and apyrimidinic endonuclease activities

Recent studies have shown purified preparations of phage T4 UV DNA-incising activity (T4 UV endonuclease or endonuclease V of phage T4) contain a pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity that catalyzes hydrolysis of the 5' glycosyl bond of dimerized pyrimidines in UV-irradiated DNA. Such enzyme preparations have also been shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in UV-irradiated DNA at a neutral pH, presumably reflecting the action of an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease at the apyrimidinic sites created by the pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase. In this study we found that preparations of T4 UV DNA-incising activity contained apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activity that nicked depurinated form I simian virus 40 DNA. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activity was also found in extracts of Escherichia coli infected with T4 denV+ phage. Extracts of cells infected with T4 denV mutants contained significantly lower levels of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activity; these levels were no greater than the levels present in extracts of uninfected cells. Furthermore, the addition of DNA containing apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to reactions containing UV-irradiated DNA and T4 enzyme resulted in competition for pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity against the UV-irradiated DNA. On the basis of these results, we concluded that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activity is encoded by the denV gene of phage T4, the same gene that codes for pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity.
Norepinephrine and gamma‐aminobutyric acid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have increased levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid and depressed levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid in cerebrospinal fluid. These neurochemical alterations are most marked in patients bedridden with advanced disease, appear interrelated, and lead to cardiovascular alterations in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Suicide in Chronic Schizophrenia

Summary A matched controlled study of 30 chronic schizophrenic suicides is presented. Eighty per cent were male and committed suicide at a mean age of 25.8 years after a mean duration of illness of 4.8 years. Significantly more of the suicides had a chronic relapsing schizophrenic illness; 23.3 per cent committed suicide while in-patients, and 50 per cent of the out-patients committed suicide within three months of discharge from in-patient care. Significantly more of the suicides had a past history of depression (56.6 per cent), were depressed in the last episode of contact (53.3 per cent), had their last admission for depression or suicidal ideation (55.2 per cent) and were unemployed (80 per cent).
The effects of substrate coupling on triggering uniformity and ESD failure threshold of fully silicided NMOS transistors

We present a multi-finger turn-on model incorporating substrate coupling effects in multi-finger NMOS transistors during ESD events. It is demonstrated that the substrate coupling enables uniform triggering in a multi-finger structure. In addition, we show that fully silicided transistors can be used successfully as an ESD protection device without any design/process options if the effective epi thickness is larger than 1.5 /spl mu/m or bulk wafer is used.
Relative apical sparing of longitudinal strain using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis

Background The diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is challenging owing to vague symptomatology and non-specific echocardiographic findings. Objective To describe regional patterns in longitudinal strain (LS) using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in CA and to test the hypothesis that regional differences would help differentiate CA from other causes of increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. Methods and results 55 consecutive patients with CA were compared with 30 control patients with LV hypertrophy (n=15 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, n=15 with aortic stenosis). A relative apical LS of 1.0, defined using the equation (average apical LS/(average basal LS + mid-LS)), was sensitive (93%) and specific (82%) in differentiating CA from controls (area under the curve 0.94). In a logistic regression multivariate analysis, relative apical LS was the only parameter predictive of CA (p=0.004). Conclusions CA is characterised by regional variations in LS from base to apex. A relative ‘apical sparing’ pattern of LS is an easily recognisable, accurate and reproducible method of differentiating CA from other causes of LV hypertrophy.
Enzyme replacement therapy for lysosomal storage diseases

Purpose of review Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for type 1 Gaucher has been highly successful. ERT is now available for other lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) but none of these highly expensive treatments has had the same efficacy. This review explores why these newer treatments have failed to live up to expectations and how future products might be made more effective. Recent findings In Gaucher, the target cells for ERT are macrophages, which are efficiently accessed by intravenously injected recombinant enzyme. The target tissues in other LSDs receive much lower doses of enzyme and intravenous ERT does not enter the brain at all. Uptake of recombinant enzyme is via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). Recent work has looked at improving the efficiency of enzyme delivery to tissues by altering both the ligand on the infused enzyme and the expression of the M6PR on cells. For delivery to the central nervous system, intrathecal routes of administration have been explored. Summary Work in tissue culture and in animal models has shown increased efficiency of enzyme delivery and clinical trials of second-generation products and novel delivery systems are now underway.
Recombinant Adeno-associated Viral Vector-Mediated Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Transfer Protects Nigral Dopamine Neurons after Onset of Progressive Degeneration in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Previous work has demonstrated that viral vector mediated gene transfer of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), when administered prior to a striatal injection of the specific neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), can protect nigral dopamine (DA) neurons from cell death. When considering gene therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), vector delivery prior to the onset of neuropathology is not possible and chronic delivery will likely be necessary in a GDNF-based PD therapy. The present study was undertaken to determine if GDNF delivered via a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) could affect nigral DA cell survival when initiated just after the administration of striatal 6-OHDA. The onset of rAAV-mediated GDNF transgene expression near the substantia nigra was determined to begin somewhere between 1 and 7 days after the 6-OHDA injection and subsequent vector administration. The cell survival data indicate that rAAV-GDNF delivery results in a highly significant sparing of nigral DA neurons. These data indicate that a single delivery of rAAV encoding GDNF is efficacious when delivered after the onset of progressive degeneration in a rat model of PD.
Crop Growth Monitoring Based on the MODIS Data

Crop growth monitoring is very important in agriculture resource management. Crop growth monitoring could provide crop state information for the decisive maker and reflect variety information of crop yield in time. The index of crop growth monitoring has closely relation with crop yield, which could as early as forecast large-scale food state that possibility missing or surplus. Therefore, there are important meanings to the macro control for food. Traditionally, the monitoring of crop growth and yield forecasts are made on the basis of samples by field visits or written inquiries. On national scale, the processing of these sample data is an expensive and time-consuming procedure. Recent developments in remote sensing technologies have created promising opportunities for monitoring agricultural crop growth. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one detector board on Terra's (EOS-AMI), which was lunched on December 18, 1999 by NASA. It offers a unique combination of spectral, temporal, and spatial resolution compared to previous global sensors, making it a good candidate for large-scale crop growth monitoring. The paper studied the method of crop growth monitoring based on data of MODIS/TERRA vegetation indices. Results from the study not only monitor the crop growth in investigation area, but also illustrate the powerful potential to provide information about crop growth based MODIS VI data.
Nonlinear evolution of long-wavelength metric fluctuations in inflationary models.

Stochastic inflation can be viewed as a sequence of two-step processes. In the first step a stochastic impulse from short-distance quantum fluctuations acts on long waves---the interaction. In the second step the long waves evolve semiclassically---the propagation. Both steps must be developed to address whether fluctuations for cosmic structure formation may be non-Gaussian. We describe a formalism for following the nonlinear propagation of long-wavelength metric and scalar-field fluctuations. We perform an expansion in spatial gradients of the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner equations and we retain only terms up to first order. At each point the fields obey evolution equations like those in a homogeneous universe, but now described by a local scale factor {ital e}{sup {alpha}} and Hubble expansion rate {ital H}. However, the different points are joined together through the momentum constraint equation. The gradient expansion is appropriate for inflation if the long-wave fields are smoothed over scales below {ital e}{sup {minus}{alpha}}{ital H}{sup {minus}1}. Our equations are naturally described in the Einstein-Hamilton-Jacobi framework, which governs an ensemble of inhomogeneous universes, and which may be interpreted as a semiclassical approximation to the quantum theory.
Dynamics of a neural system with a multiscale architecture

The architecture of the brain is characterized by a modular organization repeated across a hierarchy of spatial scales—neurons, minicolumns, cortical columns, functional brain regions, and so on. It is important to consider that the processes governing neural dynamics at any given scale are not only determined by the behaviour of other neural structures at that scale, but also by the emergent behaviour of smaller scales, and the constraining influence of activity at larger scales. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework for neural systems in which the dynamics are nested within a multiscale architecture. In essence, the dynamics at each scale are determined by a coupled ensemble of nonlinear oscillators, which embody the principle scale-specific neurobiological processes. The dynamics at larger scales are ‘slaved’ to the emergent behaviour of smaller scales through a coupling function that depends on a multiscale wavelet decomposition. The approach is first explicated mathematically. Numerical examples are then given to illustrate phenomena such as between-scale bifurcations, and how synchronization in small-scale structures influences the dynamics in larger structures in an intuitive manner that cannot be captured by existing modelling approaches. A framework for relating the dynamical behaviour of the system to measured observables is presented and further extensions to capture wave phenomena and mode coupling are suggested.
Pharmacologic heat shock protein 70 induction confers cytoprotection against inflammation in gliovascular cells

The inhibition of the 90‐kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) leads to upregulation of the 70‐kDa‐inducible HSP70. HSP70 has been previously shown to be neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory. Geldanamycin (GA) and other HSP90 inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in cancer, presumably owing to their ability to upregulate HSP70. However, the effects of HSP90 inhibition in brain inflammation are still unclear. We investigate the effect of a panel of HSP90 inhibitors on endotoxin‐activated microglia and eventual protection from brain‐derived endothelial cells. Prior studies have shown that GA protects brain cells from oxidative stress. We show here that when astrocytes or microglial BV2 cells were pretreated with GA or other HSP90 inhibitors, endotoxin‐induced cell death was reduced in cocultures of BV2 microglia and brain‐derived endothelial cells (bEND.3). Endotoxin‐stimulated BV2 cells led to increased nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase which was prevented by treatment with all HSP90 inhibitors. HSP90 inhibitors also prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced BV2 cell death. We also found that HSP90 inhibition blocked nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B and attenuated IκBα degradation, and inhibited LPS‐activated JAK‐STAT phosphorylation. We show that pharmacologic inhibition of HSP90 with subsequent HSP70 induction protects cells that comprise the cerebral vasculature against cell death owing to proinflammatory stimuli. This approach may have therapeutic potential in neurological conditions with an inflammatory component. GLIA 2015;63:1200–1212
Radiological case of the month. Cerebral air embolism in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease).

A 15-YEAR-OLD African American girl was obtunded after being found in a pool of blood. No history was obtained. Discussion with her family revealed a history of hemoptysis. Evaluation of the hemoptysis included bronchoscopy and computed tomography (CT) of the thorax (Figure 1 and Figure 2). On this presentation she had respiratory distress and decerebrate posturing. Findings from a toxicology screening, coagulation panel, serum electrolyte levels, and complete blood cell count with differential were normal. A brain CT scan was obtained (Figure 3), and the patient was given mannitol, dexamethasone, and treated with hyperventilation. She was transported to a pediatric facility and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. She remained comatose with flexion posturing to deep pain. The pupils were initially equal and reactive to light, but she developed hypertension and fixed dilated pupils within 6 hours of arrival. Repeated CT scan of the brain showed multiple infarctions and uncal herniation. She met brain death examination criteria and mechanical ventilation was discontinued. From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga (Dr Petrillo); Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston (Drs Fortenberry and Chambliss); and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Columbus Clinic, Columbus, Ga (Dr Nall).
Lessons from interprofessional e-learning: piloting a care of the elderly module

Educating health care professionals is a key issue in the provision of quality healthcare services. Interprofessional education has been suggested as a means of meeting this challenge. Four Finnish polytechnics providing education for nurses, social workers and physiotherapists wished to develop the content and methods of teaching the care of the elderly by collaboratively creating and implementing an interprofessional module of 15 European Credit Transfer units, using e-learning. This paper examines the planning and assessment of the impact of the pilot module. The web-based environment eminently suited teaching interprofessional care of the elderly. It supported content and methodological development and renewal of the module. It enabled discussion and collaboration between nursing, social work and rehabilitation teachers and students from the Polytechnics which are located in different parts of Finland. However, it became evident during the pilot that the most crucial challenges of the web-based pedagogy were in the ability of the teacher to supervise, support and motivate students and the organisation of interprofessional learning offered by collaborating institutions.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its receptor in the corpus luteum of pregnant cows.

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA and TNF-alpha receptors in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) during the gestation period. TNF-alpha mRNA and TNF-alpha receptors were determined on bovine CL from pregnant cows at three stages: trimester I (fetal crown-rump length; 6-20 cm), trimester II (25-45 cm) and trimester III (50-80 cm). TNF-alpha mRNA was detected by an RT-PCR analysis in the CL of all stages of gestation. A Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of a high-affinity binding site (Kd; 5.1-6.9 nM) in the CL membranes collected at each stage of gestation. Furthermore, the concentrations of TNF-alpha receptors in the CL of trimesters I (24. 0 +/- 1.95 pmol/mg protein) and III (21.6 +/- 2.39 pmol/mg protein) of gestation were significantly higher than the concentration in trimester II (14.9 +/- 2.07 pmol/mg protein) (P < 0.05). These results indicate that TNF-alpha is locally produced and that TNF-alpha receptors are present in bovine CL during the gestation period, and suggest that TNF-alpha plays one or more roles as a paracrine factor in regulating bovine CL function during the entire gestation period.
Physics of synchronized neutrino oscillations caused by self-interactions

Institute for Nuclear Research of the Academy of Sciences of Russia,60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia(February 5, 2002)In the early universe or in some regions of supernovae, the neutrino refractive index is dominated bythe neutrinosthemselves. Several previous studieshave found numerically that these self-interactionshave the eﬀect of coupling diﬀerent neutrino modes in such a way as to synchronize the ﬂavoroscillations which otherwise would depend on the energy of a given mode. We provide a simpleexplanation for this baﬄing phenomenon in analogy to a system of magnetic dipoles which arecoupled by their self-interactions to form one large magnetic dipole which then precesses coherentlyin a weak external magnetic ﬁeld. In this picture the synchronized neutrino oscillations are perfectlyanalogous to the weak-ﬁeld Zeeman eﬀect in atoms.PACS number(s): 14.60. Pq,I. INTRODUCTION
Mechanisms producing tachycardia in conscious baboons during environmental heat stress.

The involvement of changes in sympathetic activity, changes in cardiac efferent vagal activity, and nonautonomic mechanisms in producing the rise in heart rate (HR) during heat stress-induced hyperthermia was studied in seven unanesthetized, chronically instrumented baboons (Papio anubis and P. cynocephalus). The experimental protocol consisted of subjecting the baboon to environmental heating (EH) of sufficient intensity (40-45 degrees C) to raise arterial blood temperature (Tbl) 2-3 degrees C in 1-2 h while in one of four states: 1) normal (control), 2) beta-adrenergic receptor blockade induced by propranolol, 3) cholinergic receptor blockade induced by atropine, and 4) combined beta- and cholinergic receptor blockade induced by propranolol and atropine together. HR rose linearly with Tbl during EH in all four states (correlation coefficient greater than or equal to 0.97 in all cases) with average HR-Tbl regression coefficients (slopes) being 20.5 +/- 1.2 (SE) beats X min-1 . degrees C for the normal state, 12.2 +/- 0.5 beats X min-1 . degrees C-1 for the beta-blockade state, 13.3 +/- 1.1 beats X min-1 . degrees C for the cholinergic blockade state, and 8.4 +/- 0.8 beats X min-1 . degrees C-1 for the combined beta- and cholinergic receptor blockade state. Thus nonautonomic mechanisms account for about 40% of the tachycardia in heat-stressed baboons with the remaining 60% produced by combined vagal withdrawal and sympathetic activation. Furthermore application of a multiplicative model of autonomic control of HR to these data suggests that about 75% of the autonomic component is produced by vagal withdrawal.