Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Effect of Catharanthus roseus Crude Extracts on Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Skin infections

This study includes collection of 70 swabs samples of burns from patients were admitted in three hospitals (Baghdad, AlNumaan and burns injuries Hospital). All swabs samples were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar media to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria according to their morphological , biochemical and growth characters. Growth of bacteria on selective media showed the following results: Pseudomonas aeroginosa 44.28% , Klebsiella pneumonia 30% , Staphylococcu saureus 8.57% , Escherichia coli 4.28% , Proteus vulgaris 4.28 % , Enterobacter spp. 5.71% , Acinetobacter baumanni 2.89 %. Different concentrations were prepared from leaves ethanolic crude extract of Catharanthus roseus , then the anti-bacterial activity of this extract was evaluated in vivo. Burns were achieved experimentally in Albino mice and contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and evaluate the ability of extract in healing of these infected burns. Results showed that the extract accelerate burns healing within 7days.
Organisational Commitment of Expatriate Managers in China

In response to the problem of high expatriate failure rates in China, this study investigates organisational commitment issues in relation to a community of Western expatriate managers working in a private, Chinese-owned, academic college in China. Through individual interviews, the study examines the various processes, experiences, and interactions of six expatriate managers in order to gain a deeper insight into the factors that are most influential to their organisational commitment. Organisational commitment is found to be most likely increased as the expatriates improve their managerial effectiveness through promoting organisational and cultural harmony, maintaining supportive spousal/familial relationships, and establishing influential hierarchical relationships within the organisation.
A system to quantitatively recover bacterioplankton respiratory CO2 for isotopic analysis to trace sources and ages of organic matter consumed in freshwaters

We present a new system and method to measure the natural abundance isotopic (δ13C, Δ14C) values of respiratory CO2 produced by bacterioplankton, to directly assess the sources and ages of organic carbon (OC) respired by bacteria in aquatic ecosystems. The Respiratory Carbon Recovery System (ReCReS) and operating procedure were designed to reduce background dissolved inorganic carbon values by > 98% and then quantitatively recover the CO2 derived from bacterial respiration after incubation of freshwater samples. The 2‐component ReCReS consists of an airtight incubation system (20 L), for short‐term regrowth incubations of filtered water samples inoculated with ambient bacteria, and a harvest system to recover the respiratory CO2 produced during these incubations. The multistep operating procedure involves the following: (1) filling of incubation system with 0.2‐µm filtered sample water; (2) addition of 1 N HCl (pH to ~2.8); (3) sparge with ultrahigh‐purity (UHP) He to remove dissolved inorganic carbon; (4) sparge with UHP, volatile organic carbon‐, CO2‐free air to replenish oxygen; (5) neutralization (1 N carbonate free NaOH), reinoculation with the ambient bacterial assemblage, and incubation (80‐132 h); (6) acidification to pH 2.8; and (7) UHP He sparge for > 12 h. The evolved CO2 is sent through 2 water traps (dry ice slurries) before cryogenic trapping in liquid N2. Control incubations were processed concurrently to evaluate extraction efficiencies, potential methodological contamination, and fractionation artifacts. Collectively, our results suggest that respiratory CO2 is quantitatively recovered and the isotopic fidelity (δ13C, Δ14C) between the OC respired and the CO2 harvested is retained. Moreover, the system allows the recovery of sufficient C to measure both δ13C and Δ14C values, even in the most oligotrophic systems.
Shares' Allocation and Claw Back Clauses in Italian IPOs

We analyse 161 Italian IPOs on the Italian Stock Exchange in the period 1999-2007, focusing on the empirical praxis of share allocations by underwriters. In Italy, one offering (the public one) is reserved for retail investors and is conducted according to Italian regulation, while the second (the institutional one) is reserved for institutional investors and is usually implemented according to Regulation S and Rule 144A of the Securities Act. Effective allocation proportions between the two offerings are determined at a high level of syndicate discretion, setting aside the minimum amount for the public offering. Claw back clauses, a typical device of Italian IPOs, allow the syndicate to shift shares ex post from the retail to the institutional offering and vice versa in order to manage demand in a discretionary fashion. We document significant increases of the retail offering size ex post and show that this mostly happens at times of preceding negative market performance and in weaker IPOs marked by lower institutional demand, a higher proportion of the offering coming from selling shareholders and significantly lower levels of initial underpricing. As a result, retail investors end up buying more shares only in weaker and less profitable IPOs, raising inevitable questions as to the fairness of the use of the claw back clauses in Italian public offerings.
An improvement of the design method of cellular neural networks based on generalized eigenvalue minimization

Realization of associative memories by cellular neural networks (CNNs) with binary output is studied. Concerning this problem, a CNN design method based upon generalized eigenvalue minimization (GEVM) has recently been proposed. In this brief, a new CNN design method which is based on the GEVM-based method will be presented. We first give some analytical results related to the basin of attraction of a memory vector. We then derive the design method by combining these analytical results and the GEVM-based method. We finally show through computer simulations that the proposed method can achieve higher recall probability than the original GEVM-based method.
DFT study and microbiology of some coumarin-based compounds containing a chalcone moiety

In the present investigation, a series of coumarin-based compounds containing a chalcone moiety were studied for their in vitro and in silico pro- perties. The DFT global chemical reactivity descriptors (chemical hardness, total energy, electronic chemical potential and electrophilicity) were calculated for four synthesized compounds and used to predict their relative stability and reactivity. The antibacterial activities of all compounds were screened against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778). The quantum-chemical calculations indicated that the antibacterial activity correlates well with chemical reactivity descriptors of the molecules.
Allelopathic effect of popular medicinal plants on Fagopyrum esculentum (Moench), Papaver somniferum (L.) and Brassica napus var. oleifera (L.)

Glasshouse experiments were carried out to assess the effect of popular medicinal herbs dry matter on germination and early growth of common buckwheat (Fagpopyrum esculentum), opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) and two cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera). Depending on species of the herb, leaves, inflorescences, fruits and whole plants were used. The greatest stimulatory effect on seedling emergence of common buckwheat was exhibited by Urtica sp. while seedling emergence of opium poppy was most affected by Hypericum sp. Seedling emergence of common buckwheat was reduced by the use of Matricaria sp. inflorescence, while Euphrasia sp. herb reduced emergence of opium poppy. Urtica sp. leaves caused a significant increase in fresh matter of buckwheat as well as opium poppy. The greatest reduction in fresh matter of buckwheat was noted as a result of using Euphrasia sp. herb, while in the case of opium poppy, fresh matter was most reduced by using Tilia sp. inflorescence. Mentha sp. exhibited a strong stimulatory effect on seedling emergence of oilseed rape cultivar Californium, while Achillea sp. had an inhibitory influence. All the examined medicinal plants inhibited seedling emergence of semi-dwarf hybrid oilseed rape cv. Maximus. Inhibitory or a stimulatory effect on germination of winter oilseed rape seeds was not always correlated with a reduction or an increase in plant fresh matter. Key words: Early growth, fresh mass, germination, herbs.
The housing environment preference among housing consumers in Johor Bahru

A house is no longer a basic shelter. It is now described as a status symbol and becomes an asset to the owner since it provides security, privacy, neighbourhood and social relations, status, community facilities and services, access to jobs and control over the environment. These additional features have changed housing consumers' expectations which in turn have pressured developers to address urgently to ensure that housing needs of all Malaysian could be met.Therefore in such situations, this study offers developers to understand market needs of how Malaysian housing consumers especially in Johor Bahru differ in preference of house. There are two objectives for this research. The first objective is to identify the housing environment preference among housing consumers which will be a qualitative exploration of a housing environment by collecting variables from previous researchers at secondary sources. Themes from this qualitative data will then be developed into an instrument so that the preference on housing environment by housing consumers can be identified. The second objective is to measure the preference on housing environment quality by housing consumers using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) collected using a quantitative approach. Questionnaires will be distributed to a sample of housing consumers in Johor Bahru.
Evaluation of Marketing-Pricing Decisions in a Two-Echelon Supply Chain

This paper discusses the interaction between one manufacturer and a single retailer in a channel in which both are willing to optimize their profit by adjusting pricing and advertising decisions. The manufacturer produces and sells a product at wholesale price to the retailer who in turn distributes it to consumers with retail price. The market demand is simultaneously affected by retail price, brand advertising of the manufacturer, and local advertising of the retailer. A Cobb-Douglas demand function is used to demonstrate the relationship between the parameters. Decision variables are two firms’ prices and their advertising investments. The problem is modelled under integrated policy and Stackelberg game. Also, we examine Retail Fixed Markup (RFM) policy and investigate its performance on supply chain. Then, the solution under three policies compared by numerical study, and the Pareto-efficient strategy is derived. We found numerically that a properly designed RFM policy improves each member’s profit and leads to Pareto improvement over Stackelberg policy. Besides, it improves the total supply chain’s profit by 600% in average comparing to Stackelberg policy. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ee. 24.2. 1753
Studying the Influence of Servant Leadership on Employees' Motivation

Today human resources are the most important one in the organizations and human resource managers can be considered as business colleagues for organizations. Therefore making them more motivated by different incentives can affect organizational outputs. The purpose of writing the current paper is to survey the influence of servant leadership on employees’ motivation in Asia insurance company (a great one in Iran). The research is applicable from goal view and descriptive from data collection. Also data collection method is library and fieldwork. To measure servant leadership, seven main dimensions contain agapao love, humility, altruism, trust, vision, service and empowerment. A questionnaire include 69 questions was designed and distributed among 334 employees of Asia insurance as statistical sample. The results of applying some non parametric tests illustrated that servant leadership and its dimensions affect significantly on employees’ motivation. Meanwhile agapao love, altruism and empowerment were selected as the most important dimensions. No relationship found between employees’ demographic characteristics with their motivation. Finally current situation of the variables were surveyed applying Binomial test in which all of them apart from service and altruism were placed in high levels.
PATHWAYS OF LARGE-SCALE MAGNETIC COUPLINGS BETWEEN SOLAR CORONAL EVENTS

The high-cadence, comprehensive view of the solar corona by SDO/AIA shows many events that are widely separated in space while occurring close together in time. In some cases, sets of coronal events are evidently causally related, while in many other instances indirect evidence can be found. We present case studies to highlight a variety of coupling processes involved in coronal events. We find that physical linkages between events do occur, but concur with earlier studies that these couplings appear to be crucial to understanding the initiation of major eruptive or explosive phenomena relatively infrequently. We note that the post-eruption reconfiguration timescale of the large-scale corona, estimated from the extreme-ultraviolet afterglow, is on average longer than the mean time between coronal mass ejections (CMEs), so that many CMEs originate from a corona that is still adjusting from a previous event. We argue that the coronal field is intrinsically global: current systems build up over days to months, the relaxation after eruptions continues over many hours, and evolving connections easily span much of a hemisphere. This needs to be reflected in our modeling of the connections from the solar surface into the heliosphere to properly model the solar wind, its perturbations, and the generation and propagation of solar energetic particles. However, the large-scale field cannot be constructed reliably by currently available observational resources. We assess the potential of high-quality observations from beyond Earth's perspective and advanced global modeling to understand the couplings between coronal events in the context of CMEs and solar energetic particle events.
Investigating Implications of Metric Based Predictive Data Mining Approaches towards Software Fault Predictions

Context: Since 1990, various researches have been working in the area of software fault prediction but yet it is difficult to assess the impacts and progressive path of this research field. Objective: In this research work, author’s major objective is to investigate the context and dimensions of research studies performed by different researchers in the area of software fault prediction. This work also focuses on presenting a well defined systematic view of their findings and suggestions after a critical examination of all major approaches applied in this key research area. Method: This research work includes 112 total manuscripts published between 2009 and 2014. These studies are gathered from a pool of total 587 manuscripts. The selection criteria for these manuscripts are title, keywords and citation of that paper. Result: The results of this investigation shows that most of the research work related to software fault prediction have been performed on available data set from NASA repository. Most of the research work performed is basically confined to analysis or comparative study of various machine learning techniques based on their classification accuracy. Various research work published doesn’t exhibit clearer representation of any specific prediction model. Conclusion: Still after years of development, there is a huge gap between the industry requirement and the research being performed by different researchers in the field of Software fault prediction. A better collaboration between industry academia is still required. This research work represents a critical investigative approach towards finding the exact gaps to be filled and explored more authentic future research areas in this field. All result finding have been critically examined and compared with existing literature work for better understanding and deep insight over identifying the major strengths of chosen research field.
The Lexical Integrity Hypothesis in a New Theoretical Universe

(3) Di Sciullo & Williams (1987:49) The Atomicity Thesis Words are “atomic” at the level of phrasal syntax and phrasal semantics. The words have “features,” or properties, but these features have no structure, and the relation of theses features to the internal composition of the word cannot be relevant in syntax – this is the thesis of the atomicity of words, or the lexical integrity hypothesis, or the strong lexicalist hypothesis (as in Lapointe 1980), or a version of the lexicalist hypothesis of Chomsky (1970), Williams (1978; 1978a), and numerous others.
Six Sigma and organisational performance: a knowledge creation perspective

This study focuses on how Six Sigma practices can lead to organisational knowledge creation capability and how this capability can lead to the improvement of organisational performance. A survey was conducted to test the model linking knowledge creation process in Six Sigma practices to organisational performance through organisational knowledge creation. Out of the total 349 possible survey participants, 187 (53.6%) surveys were returned and received. The results indicate that Six Sigma practices allow knowledge to be created through knowledge creation processes (socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation). In turn, the knowledge created has positive impact on four different measures of organisation performance (customer, internal business process, employee learning and growth and financial). Specifically, knowledge creation has direct positive impact on customer, internal business process, employee learning and growth and indirect positive impact on financial. Overall, the study's results show that process improvement through Six Sigma projects involves the creation of knowledge. Thus, the underlying basis for practices employed in Six Sigma projects is knowledge creation through the transformation of knowledge from tacit to explicit and vice versa and through the transfer of both types of knowledge from individuals to teams.
Micro econometric models for agricultural sector analysis

Micro econometric models are a useful tool for agricultural sector analysis. This paper provides a discussion of methodological aspects in the construction of micro econometric models. Attention is paid to the theoretical background, data requirements, empirical model selection and the estimation procedure. A discussion of several applications demonstrates the usefulness of micro econometric models for agricultural sector analysis.
The Static and Dynamic Growth Patterns of HighT ech Ventures in Korea

T his study explores on the static and dynamic growth patterns of hightech ventures in Korea. We developed an integrative framew ork with target market (local vs . global), product/ market maturity (existing vs . emerging), and technological capability (follow er vs . pioneer ). We also identified seven new ventures strategies as follows : i) reactive imitation , ii) proactive localization, iii) import substitution , iv ) creative imitation, v) early market entry , vi) global niche, and vii) global innovation. With five successful Korean new ventures , w e found different competitive behaviors and performance among new venture strategic types . T his study also observed two different growth patt erns : growth through strategic replication and growth through strategic change. It depends on whether they are pursuing similar strat egy over time or different strategy within for growth. In addition , we found that creative imitation plays a steppingstone role in tw ostep internationalization processes . Although this study is exploratory and needs more empirical studies , it can provide new ventures with meaningful guidelines for growth and internationalization with a dynamic perspective.
Democratic Development and Credit 'Democracy Doesn`t Come Cheap' But At Least Credit to Its Corporations Will Be

Does democratization reduce the cost of credit? Using global syndicated loan data from 1984 to 2014, we find that democratization has a sizeable negative effect on loan spreads: a one-point increase in the zero-to-ten Polity IV index of democracy shaves at least 19 basis points off spreads, but likely more. Reversals to autocracy hike spreads more strongly. Our findings are robust to the comprehensive inclusion of relevant controls, to the instrumentation with regional waves of democratization, and to a battery of other sensitivity tests. We thus highlight the lower cost of loans as one relevant mechanism through which democratization can affect economic development.
The effects of macroeconomic policies under fixed exchange rates: A Bayesian VAR analysis

We analyse the effects of fiscal and monetary policies in two South Eastern European (SEE) economies with currency pegs (Croatia and Macedonia) estimated by the Bayesian Vector Autoregression. The main results of the study are as follows: Fiscal tightening leads to economic expansion in Macedonia and a decline in economic activity in Croatia. In both countries fiscal tightening leads to a decline in inflation and money market rates. Monetary tightening leads to output contraction and a decline in inflation in both countries. We find opposite reaction of fiscal authorities to a monetary shock: monetary contraction is accompanied by fiscal tightening in Croatia and by loose fiscal policy in Macedonia.
Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Fungi

Biodiesel involves the mixture of fatty acyl methyl/ethyl esters, produced from transesterification neutral lipids and if the origin of the source is from oleaginous micro organisms, then it is termed as micro diesel. In the present work, aiming to exploit fungi for biodiesel production, 12 fungal isolates were screened for lipid content by Sudan Black B staining method. Among 12 isolates, lipid rich five species viz, Mortierella alpina , M.ramanianna, M.vinancea, M.hyalina and M.verticella have been taken for fatty acids analysis by spectrophotometry, which revealed that the amount of free fatty acids were ranged from highest in M.alpina 35 ? moles of Oleic acid , 25 ? moles of Palmitic acid and 14 ? moles of Myristic acids to lower as much as 21 ? moles of Oleic acid , 18 ? moles of Palmitic acid and 16 ? moles of Myristic acids respectively in M.ramanianna . DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1. 5721
Global patterns in the divergence between phylogenetic diversity and species richness in terrestrial birds

The conservation value of sites is often based on species richness (SR). However, metrics of phylogenetic diversity (PD) reflect a community's evolutionary potential and reveal the potential for additional conservation value above that based purely on SR. Although PD is typically correlated with SR, localized differences in this relationship have been found in different taxa. Here, we explore geographical variation in global avian PD. We identify where PD is higher or lower than expected (from SR) and explore correlates of those differences, to find communities with high irreplaceability, in terms of the uniqueness of evolutionary histories.