Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Skin Pigmentation on Physiological Factors of Thermoregulation and Grazing Behaviour of Dairy Goats in a Hot and Humid Climate

The aim of this study was to understand the effects of skin pigmentation on physiological parameters of thermoregulation and grazing behaviour of dairy goats in a hot and humid climate. The study used 26 crossbred Saanen yearling goats (95% Saanen+5% Local Hair Breed). The animals were raised at semi-intensive private farms in Adana (36 59' N, 35 18'E). Groups were selected 2 d before the start of observations. Goats were categorized as predominantly pigmented (P) skin and unpigmented (UP) skin. All observations and measurements were collected on grassland during the grazing period of June and July 2007 (60 d). Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded at 10 min intervals by a portable data logger. The physiological data (rectal temperature, respiration and pulse rate, and skin temperatures from head and udder) were recorded twice weekly in the morning (07:00-08:00); at midday (13:00-14:00); and in the evening (18:00-19:00). Additionally, the activity of the animals was observed and classified (eating, ruminating, drinking, standing, walking, lying) for 12 h during the day twice weekly, using a portable camera system linked directly to a computer. Panting behaviour was also observed. According to the THI values, the experimental goats were subjected to stressful conditions. The pigmented goats had significantly lower rectal temperatures (39.68 vs. 29.89°C), pulse rate (74.08 vs. 84.10 beat/min) and respiration rate (65.65 vs. 88.23 breath/min.) compared with unpigmented goats at midday when the THI exceeded 92. The rectal, head and udder temperatures, pulse and respiration rates of the non-pigmented group exceeded 40°C, 37°C, 37.5°C, 84 beats/min and 78 breaths/min, respectively. Higher activity was observed among pigmented compared with unpigmented goats. Unpigmented goats grazed (4.3 vs. 5.6 h), ruminated (2.0 vs. 2.4 h), and stood (0.8 vs. 1.2 h) less, but lay down (2.2 vs. 1.8 h) more than pigmented goats. The data obtained in this experiment support the hypothesis that unpigmented goats are more adversely affected by climatic stress, likely due to their decreased activity and increased water consumption, as demonstrated by previous studies.
Role of Megasphaera elsdenii in the Fermentation of dl-[2-13C]lactate in the Rumen of Dairy Cattle

Since Megasphaera elsdenii ferments a variable part of dl-lactate to butyrate, measurement of the percentage of dl-lactate fermented to propionate via the acrylate pathway in rumen contents will underestimate the participation of M. elsdenii in the dl-lactate fermentation. The percentage of dl-[2-13C]lactate fermented via the acrylate pathway and the percentage of dl-lactate fermented to butyrate can be measured with 13C-FT (Fourier transform)-nuclear magnetic resonance. On the average, the contribution of M. elsdenii to dl-lactate fermentation in the rumen of dairy cattle was found to be 74% (standard deviation, 13%), but differed with animal or diet. After feeding a cow readily fermentable carbohydrates, the contribution of M. elsdenii to the fermentation of dl-lactate increased as a consequence of catabolite repression in other dl-lactate-fermenting bacteria.
ENDOTOXIN CAUSES PULMONARY HYPERTENSION BY UPREGULATING SMOOTH MUSCLE ENDOTHELIN TYPE-B RECEPTORS: ROLE OF ALDOSE REDUCTASE

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen, is upregulated in pulmonary tissue during endotoxemia and contributes markedly to endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension. It is, however, unknown whether the ET receptors, ETA and ETB, are differentially regulated in endotoxemic pulmonary vasculature and how this may impact on pulmonary vascular tone. To investigate this topic, we used isolated perfused lungs, pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs), and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the rat. During a 6-h endotoxin exposure, isolated perfused lungs developed significant pulmonary hypertension that was markedly attenuated by antagonizing ETA or ETB receptors using subtype-selective or a mixed ETA/B receptor antagonist. Peptide levels of big ET-1 and ET-1 and gene expression of prepro-ET-1 were increased after endotoxin challenge in all tissues. In endotoxemic isolated perfused lungs and ECs, the significant rise of mature ET-1 seen in controls after ETB receptor or mixed antagonism disappeared completely. However, this effect was preserved in endotoxemic SMCs. In ECs, endotoxin markedly downregulated maximum ETB receptor sites and ETB mRNA levels, whereas in SMCs, it generated substantial ETB receptor upregulation and moderate ETA receptor downregulation. The aldose reductase inhibitors sorbinil and zopolrestat mitigated endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension, ET-1 stimulation, and differential ETB receptor regulation. We conclude that endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat results from a loss of endothelial and concomitant gain of vascular smooth muscle ETB receptors. These changes are at least partly mediated by aldose reductase.
Management of angle closure glaucoma

Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is equally prevalent in Indian in Asian population as the primary open angle glaucoma. Eighty-six percent of people with PACG are in Asia, with approximately 48.0% in China, 23.9% in India and 14.1% in southeast Asia. To understand PACG, it is mandatory to understand its classification and type of presentation with the underlying pathophysiology. The treatment options are medical, laser and/or surgical. The present article provides an overview of PACG.
Food truck scheduling model

In this paper, a scheduling model for a food truck, which moves around the city and provides a food service in some locations, is presented. For this type of service, several options exist for selling, routing, and service times for given locations. The optimal combination of these selections produces good sales performance. The background of this study is herein provided, as well as a scheduling example, problem formulation, and an experiment with realistic data.
Expressive and strongly type-safe code generation

Meta-programs are programs that generate other programs, but in weakly type-safe systems, type-checking a meta-program only establishes its own type safety, and generated programs need additional type-checking after generation. Strong type safety of a meta-program implies type safety of any generated object program, a property with important engineering benefits. Current strongly type-safe systems suffer from expressivity limitations and cannot support many meta-programs found in practice, for example automatic generation of lenses. To overcome this, we move away from the idea of staged meta-programming. Instead, we use an off-the-shelf dependently-typed language as the meta-language and a relatively standard, intrinsically well-typed representation of the object language. We scale this approach to practical meta-programming, by choosing a high-level, explicitly typed intermediate representation as the object language, rather than a surface programming language. We implement our approach as a library for the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC) and evaluate it on several meta-programs, including a deriveLenses meta-program taken from a real-world Haskell lens library. Our evaluation demonstrates expressivity beyond the state of the art and applicability to real settings, at little cost in terms of code size.
Metamateriales en microondas y antenas

Desde la decada de los '80 una gran variedad de materiales artificiales (no existentes en la naturaleza) son intensivamente estudiados por sus inusitadas y sorprendentes propiedades electromagneticas (como partes reales de permitividad electrica y permeabilidad magnetica efectivas negativas, refracciones anomalas, no causalidad e inversion del desplazamiento Doppler, entre otras). Las investigaciones realizadas en algunos de ellos han conducido ya a nuevos disenos de antenas. En otros, con propiedades aun mas sorprendentes y controvertidas, las investigaciones se encuentran todavia en un estadio incipiente y tan solo auguran prometedores desarrollos que revolucionaran el mundo de las microondas y las antenas. En este articulo se describira escuetamente la diversidad de materiales artificiales objeto de estudio en ingenieria de microondas y en antenas, algunas de sus propiedades (tanto las verificadas experimentalmente como las teoricas) y sus potenciales aplicaciones para la fabricacion de dispositivos. Tambien se describiran las actividades que se estan desarrollando en este campo en el Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions de la Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya.
Tetrad volume and particle rendering in X2

In the movie X2, Cerebro is a large spherical cavity that extendsmutant mental capabilities. To depict its large, cavernous, dynamicnature, and the connnection between the machine and the charac-ters, the atmospheric element of the scene was built based on a fully3D volumetric rendering technology developed at Cinesite. In ad-dition, this volumetric technique was also used to connect ﬂoatingvinnettes in the space with the land masses on the borders of Cere-bro.The teleportation effect of the character Nightcrawler is accom-panied by a dynamic smokey ﬁlament effect using turbulent particledynamics and particle rendering.
Toward a new understanding of early menarche: the role of environmental stress in pubertal timing.

A recent theory (Belsky, Steinberg, & Draper, 1991) suggests that environmental stress may trigger early menarche in adolescents. This is in contrast to a more traditional view that early menarche is biologically determined and serves as a risk factor for developing girls. The purpose of the present study was to examine two family stressors, divorce and interparental conflict, in light of the Belsky et al. theory. Participants were 71 adolescent females and their mothers. Of these, 44 were from intact families (i.e., the parents were married), and 27 were from divorced families. Age at first menarche was obtained via self-report. Maternal reports of interparental conflict as well as adolescent perception of conflict were obtained. Mothers reported on marital status. Results showed that, compared to girls from intact families, those from divorced families had an earlier onset of menarche. In addition, higher maternal reports of interparental conflict were significantly related to earlier menarche in the total sample. Results are discussed in relation to the Belsky et al. theory as well as traditional views of early menarche.
Effects of Prolonged Exercise in the Heat and Cool Environments on Salivary Immunoglobulin A among Recreational Athletes

This study aims to determine the effects of prolonged exercise in the heat (31°C) and cool (18°C) environments on salivary Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) among recreational athletes. Thirteen healthy male participants (age: 20.9 ± 1.3 years old) were recruited and randomised in this cross-over study. In this study, participants performed the exercise trials in the heat environment at 31°C first followed by another exercise trial in the cool environment trial at 18°C or vice versa with one week of recovery period. Physiological parameters (heart rate, body weight changes and oxygen uptake) as well as room temperature and relative humidity were recorded. Cool water (3 ml.kg -1 body weight) was given to the participants at every 20 min during both exercise trials. Saliva samples were collected to calculate the saliva flow rate and analysed for salivary Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentrations and secretion rate. Paired t-test and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were performed to analyse the data. The results revealed that saliva flow rate, SIgA concentration, and SIgA secretion rate did not significantly different between exercise trial in the heat and in the cool environments. However, prolonged exercise significantly decreased (p < 0.05) saliva flow rate in both trials with the values return to baseline 1 h post exercise. Salivary IgA concentration and secretion rate were not affected by prolonged running. As a conclusion, SIgA responses did not affected by ambient/room temperature. In addition, prolonged exercise with adequate fluid intake during exercise did not supress SIgA responses thus may not increase infection risk among athletes.
Zero-dispersion wavelength uniformity and four-wave mixing in optical fiber

The efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fiber is maximum with optimal phase matching at the zero-dispersion wavelength, but this wavelength can vary along the fiber's length. In this paper, we describe measurements of partially degenerate four-wave mixing efficiency in a 10 km fiber with varying /spl Lambda//sub o/. In partially degenerate four-wave mixing the pump provides two of the four optical waves at the same optical frequency. The other two waves are the probe and the generated antiStokes light.
Privacy preserving in TPA for secure cloud by using encryption technique

With all data services of cloud, it's not only stored the data, although shared the data among the multiple users or clients, which make doubt in its integrity due to the existence of software/hardware error along with human error too. There is an existence of several mechanisms to allow data holders and public verifiers to precisely, efficiently and effectively audit integrity of cloud data without accessing the whole data from server. After all, public auditing on the integrity of shared data with pervious extant mechanisms will somehow affirm the confidential information and its identity privacy to the public verifiers. In this paper, to achieve the privacy preserving public for auditing, we intended an explanation for TPA using three way handshaking protocol through the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) with liberated encryption standard. Appropriately, from the cloud, we use the VerifyProof execute by TPA to audit to certify. In addition to this mechanism, the identity of each segment in the shared data is kept private from the public verifiers. Moreover, rather than verifying the auditing task one by one, this will capable to perform, the various auditing tasks simultaneously.
CT in Acute Trauma: Observations from a Level One Trauma Centre inWestern Australia

Background: The use of diagnostic imaging in medicine has changed with the advancement of technology – now faster, more detailed and more available. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) provides clear criteria for plain film assessment but the guidance on CT scanning in acute trauma is defined less well and depends upon national guidelines and local protocols. There has been a marked increase in the use of CT across the spectrum of trauma patients. This has paved the advent of multiple scans on admission and Whole-Body CT (WBCT) scans during resuscitation. The question is: Is it truly indicated? Methods: Over a ten-month period from June 2011 to April 2012, 100 adults admitted to the state trauma unit were randomly selected for prospective data collection. Our primary outcome was mortality and our secondary outcome was identification of a Significant Injury (SI) on CT scanning. A significant injury was defined as; any finding on CT which resulted in a change of management. Results: There were 100 patients recruited for prospective data collection during ten months, from June 2011 and April 2012. The study population was predominantly males (79%), from the metropolitan area, involved in motor vehicle accidents. Mortality rate was 0% at three months follow up. The prevalence of significant injury demonstrated on WBCT and regional body CT appear equivocal, with the exception of CT pelvis. Conclusion: In the acute trauma setting CT of head and cervical spine delivers valuable clinical information in a timely and low cost manner. With consideration for cost and long term implications on patient safety, we believe that further scanning of the Chest/Abdomen/Pelvis should be clinically driven. We propose that continued careful history taking and physical examination remain a key component to assessing the indication for CT Chest/Abdomen/Pelvis in acute trauma patients.
Effect of Written Instructions on Accuracy of Self-Reporting Medication Regimen in Glaucoma Patients

PurposeOur purpose was to evaluate the accuracy of self-reporting of the prescribed medication regimen in a glaucoma population, identify contributing factors, and assess the effect of written instructions. Methods and MaterialsAll patients at an urban resident glaucoma clinic were offered participation in this prospective, case-controlled study. Two trained interviewers administered a confidential questionnaire consisting of six questions regarding the name and dosage of ophthalmic medications, education level, ability to read, and age. A verbatim response for each question was recorded on the questionnaire. At the end of the visit, patients were given a written chart describing their ophthalmic medications, frequency, and dosage. At their next scheduled visit, the same questionnaire was repeated. The patients' responses from both visits were compared with the regimen they were prescribed and with each other. This information was used to determine the accuracy of reporting medications. ResultsA total of 193 patients were enrolled in the study over a 10-month period; 164 patients completed both phases (85% completion rate). The study population consisted of 85 women and 79 men with a mean age of 68.40±11.6 years. Eighty-four patients had attained less than 12th grade education and 80 had completed high school. At the first visit, 66 patients (40%) showed less than 100% accuracy. Forty-nine of 84 (58%) patients who had not completed high school education showed less than 100% accuracy with a mean score of 65% (P=0.001), whereas 17 of 80 (21%) of patients who had completed high school showed less than 100% accuracy with a mean score of 87% (P=0.001). After written instruction, the accuracy of reporting improved by 23.36±30.8 percentile points in patients without completion of high school education and improved by 8.46±21.7 percentile points in patients who had completed high school (P<0.001). The mean number of ophthalmic medications prescribed was 2.10±0.93 (range 1 to 4). Patients on one medication had 100% accuracy in reporting 82% of the time, whereas those with four medications had 100% accuracy 21% of the time. Gender, age, and race of the patient were not correlated with the accuracy of self-reporting (P>0.05). ConclusionThe education level of the patient and the number of medications showed direct correlation with patients' ability to report medications accurately. Patients showed improvement in accuracy of reporting medications when given written instructions about their regimen, regardless of their level of education or number of medications.
Continuité d’activité et gestion de crise : de la technique à l’humain

Bien qu’ils fassent desormais partie de la culture des entreprises, les concepts de continuite d’activite et de gestion de crise sont encore mal compris et peu relayes operationnellement. Souvent percus comme des charges administratives, ces outils de maitrise des risques peinent a convaincre de leur necessite. Stephanie Ruelle, Presidente de L-ebore SAS, explique en partie ce manque de consideration par la confusion entre les moyens et les objectifs. Selon elle, il convient des lors de revenir aux fondamentaux : d’une part, les plans de continuite d’activite et de gestion de crise doivent partir d’une analyse concrete des risques des entreprises ; d’autre part, l’entreprise doit se proteger contre les consequences des risques et non contre le risque que porte son activite. Enfin, si la continuite d’activite releve essentiellement de problematiques techniques et si la gestion de crise repose sur le facteur humain, ces deux composantes doivent etre anticipees, preparees et pilotees de concert.
Serum uric acid: a new therapeutic target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major, worldwide public health problem. NAFLD is recognized as a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. However, physicians are currently limited by available treatment options. Recently, numerous studies have reported a correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) and NAFLD with numerous clinical and experimental studies demonstrating a significant correlation. This review will focus on the role of SUA in the development of NAFLD and its potential role as a new target for therapeutic intervention. Areas covered: This review discusses SUA as a significant independent factor in the development of NAFLD. Moreover, we introduce the causal relationship between SUA, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD. We discuss two major theories of insulin resistance and inflammasomes as potential explanations of the mechanistic link between SUA and NAFLD. In addition, we review current and emerging therapeutic medications to control appropriate SUA levels. Expert opinion: There is an urgent need to develop novel, safe and effective therapies for the growing NAFLD epidemic. Reduction of SUA may be a promising potential treatment for patients with NAFLD. Clinical studies are required to determine the therapeutic effect of attenuation of hyperuricemia in humans with NAFLD.
Quantum codes over Eisenstein-Jacobi integers

In this study, we construct quantum error correcting codes over Eisenstein-Jacobi integers by using the CSS code construction. Since there is an isomorphism between Eisenstein- Jacobi integers and finite fields, direct constructions of quantum codes over Eisenstein-Jacobi integers can be obtained. Therefore, we define error bases, error matrices and a new distance with giving illustrative examples. Also, we prove the commutative property of error operators with respect to this new distance. Obtaining these codes can lead an answer for the existence question for some new parameters.
A prospective study of drinking patterns in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes among men.

Using data from a 12-year prospective study, we determined the importance of the pattern of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in a cohort of 46,892 U.S. male health professionals who completed biennial postal questionnaires. Overall, 1,571 new cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. Compared with zero alcohol consumption, consumption of 15-29 g/day of alcohol was associated with a 36% lower risk of diabetes (RR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.53-0.77). This inverse association between moderate consumption and diabetes remained if light drinkers rather than abstainers were used as the reference group (RR = 0.60, CI 0.50-0.73). There were few heavy drinkers, but the inverse association persisted to those drinking >/=50 g/day of alcohol (RR = 0.60, CI 0.43-0.84). Frequency of consumption was inversely associated with diabetes. Consumption of alcohol on at least 5 days/week provided the greatest protection, even when less than one drink per drinking day was consumed (RR = 0.48, CI 0.27-0.86). Compared with infrequent drinkers, for each additional day per week that alcohol was consumed, risk was reduced by 7% (95% CI 3-10%) after controlling for average daily consumption. There were similar and independent inverse associations for beer, liquor, and white wine. Our findings suggested that frequent alcohol consumption conveys the greatest protection against type 2 diabetes, even if the level of consumption per drinking day is low. Beverage choice did not alter risk.