Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Fetching algorithm For Efficient Physical Register File Allocation In Simultaneous Multi-Threading CPUs

Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) is a technique that allows concurrent execution of multiple instructions of independent threads in each cycle by sharing the key data path components. Effectual utilization of these shared resources is vital to improving the systems performance. An instruction miss during the fetch stage usually leads to a large execution latency, thus the thread experiencing frequent cache misses tends to hold the physical registers for a longer period of time resulting in the shortage of registers available for renaming. This develops an intense competition among the threads for the free registers which may severely degrade the overall performance. In this paper, we propose an intelligent fetching algorithm which addresses the congestion in the physical register ﬁle by dynamically monitoring the cache misses, the average physical register ﬁle occupancy and the register deallocation rate for every thread in the system. This algorithm improves the IPC up to 54% and 59% for a 4-threaded and an 8-threaded SMT system respectively. Additionally the execution fairness is also preserved as demonstrated by the Harmonic IPC improvement of up to 27% and 29% respectively. Besides, the performance of a 4-threaded system with a physical register ﬁle size of 160 is comparable to the performance of the default system with the physical register size of 224 indicating a resource saving of 33%.
Content-based Image Retrieval System for an Image Gallery Search Application

Content-based image retrieval is a process framework that applies computer vision techniques for searching and managing large image collections more efficiently. With the growth of large digital image collections triggered by rapid advances in electronic storage capacity and computing power, there is a growing need for devices and computer systems to support efficient browsing, searching, and retrieval for image collections. Hence, the aim of this project is to develop a content-based image retrieval system that can be implemented in an image gallery desktop application to allow efficient browsing through three different search modes: retrieval by image query, retrieval by facial recognition, and retrieval by text or tags. In this project, the MPEG-7-like Powered Localized Color and Edge Directivity Descriptor is used to extract the feature vectors of the image database and the facial recognition system is built around the Eigenfaces concept. A graphical user interface with the basic functionality of an image gallery application is also developed to implement the three search modes. Results show that the application is able to retrieve and display images in a collection as thumbnail previews with high retrieval accuracy and medium relevance and the computational requirements for subsequent searches were significantly reduced through the incorporation of text-based image retrieval as one of the search modes. All in all, this study introduces a simple and convenient way of offline image searches on desktop computers and provides a stepping stone to future content-based image retrieval systems built for similar purposes.
Performance Enhancement in MIMO Two-Way AF Relaying System using Pre-coding Technique

: MIMO (Multiple-input, multiple-output) systems are an essential component of future wireless communication systems, due to their promising improvement with regards to performance and bandwidth efficiency. A significant research topic is study regarding multi-user MIMO systems. Such systems have the possibility to combine the top throughput achievable with MIMO processing with the main advantages of space division multiple accesses (SDMA). In this paper, a Bit Error rate analysis is presented for multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) system with two way multiple relay system with AF considered in QPSK modulation technique, where a transmitted signal consists of a pre-coders followed by an space–time block code (STBC), such as dirty paper code (DPC). DPC primarily helps transmit data efficiently even though the communication channel offers interference. Its objective is always to send as much readable information on a channel with interference as you can. The BER performance of this method is compared with the pre-coder based methods like Minimum Mean Square Error and zero-forcing beam forming. This paper considers both one-way and two -way relaying systems with multiple relays between two terminal nodes where all nodes have MIMO antennas.
Binarization of Ancient Document Images based on Multipeak Histogram Assumption

In document binarization, text is segmented from the background. This is an important step, since the binarization outcome determines the success rate of the optical character recognition (OCR). In ancient documents, that are commonly noisy, binarization becomes more difficult. The noise can reduce binarization performance, and thus the OCR rate. This paper proposes a new binarization approach based on an assumption that the histograms of noisy documents consist of multipeaks. The proposed method comprises three steps: histogram calculation, histogram smoothing, and the use of the histogram to track the first valley and determine the binarization threshold. In our simulations we used a set of Jawi ancient document images with natural noises. This set is composed of 24 document tiles containing two noise types: show-through and uneven background. To measure performance, we designed and implemented a point compilation scheme. On average, the proposed method performed better than the Otsu method, with the total point score obtained by the former being 7.5 and that of the latter 4.5. Our results show that as long as the histogram fulfills the multipeak assumption, the proposed method can perform satisfactorily.
Consecutive Question Generation via Dynamic Multitask Learning

In this paper, we propose the task of consecutive question generation (CQG), which generates a set of logically related question-answer pairs to understand a whole passage, with a comprehensive consideration of the aspects including accuracy, coverage, and informativeness. To achieve this, we first examine the four key elements of CQG, i.e., question, answer, rationale, and context history, and propose a novel dynamic multitask framework with one main task generating a question-answer pair, and four auxiliary tasks generating other elements. It directly helps the model generate good questions through both joint training and self-reranking. At the same time, to fully explore the worth-asking information in a given passage, we make use of the reranking losses to sample the rationales and search for the best question series globally. Finally, we measure our strategy by QA data augmentation and manual evaluation, as well as a novel application of generated question-answer pairs on DocNLI. We prove that our strategy can improve question generation significantly and benefit multiple related NLP tasks.
The Role of Lycopene in Human Health

The carotenoids form a class of highly colored, unsaturated, lipophilic plant pigments. Their great abundance in fruits and vegetables with colors ranging from yellow through red is responsible for the attractive appearance of peaches, oranges, carrots, peppers, and tomatoes. Carotenoids share a C40 carbon skeleton comprising 8 isoprene units, joined in such a manner that their arrangement is reversed at the center of the molecule. From a total of more than 600 carotenoids found in nature, around 40 occur in the human food chain; of these, about 25 are found in human blood or tissues together with 9 metabolites and oxidation products [1]. Dietary carotenoids are considered to provide health benefits by decreasing the risks of chronic diseases, particularly cancer, cardiovascular disease, and age-related eye diseases, such as cataract and macular degeneration. The most studied carotenoids in this respect are s-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Lycopene, present in tomatoes and their products, has attracted particular attention since the significant reduction in risk for prostate cancer from the Health Professional Follow-Up Study was reported [2]. The interest of the research community was further stimulated by the work of Giovannucci and Clinton [3], who reviewed 72 epidemiological studies, 57 of which showed a significant inverse relationship between lycopene intake or serum levels and risk of cancers at various sites, including those of the prostate, lung, digestive tract, and breast. More recent evidence also points to a role for lycopene in the prevention of heart disease [4, 5]. This chapter offers an overview on the properties and health effects of this important phytochemical and discusses several possible mechanisms for its physiological function in the human body.
Safe Operation of Autonomous Machines

Reliable detection of foreign objects is a key requirement for safe operation of autonomous machines. In farming applications, an object is considered a foreign object if it can damage the machine or be damaged by it. The traditional machine vision approaches rely on detecting and classifying each type as a separate class of thereby increasing the computational load and compounding the machine vision problem since these machines have to operate in real-time and the foreign objects can appear in any orientation thereby increasing complexity. Moreover, it is an over kill since the safe operation of an autonomous machine does not require that we classify these objects as long as we can reliably detect them and direct the machine to take appropriate maneuvering action. In our application, the object of interest is bales and everything else is a foreign object. The foreign objects include humans, animals, vehicles and standing crop. We use disparity information from the two cameras in a stereo configuration and use the camera model to calculate the distance to the object. This object detection framework based on distance and size has proved to be more efficient and robust compared to traditional machine vision approaches. Keywords-machine vision, autonomous operation, safe operation, stereo configuration, disparity
The Physio-ecological Response of Acanthus ilicifolius Seedlings to Different Degrees of Light Intensity in Tide Environment

By using tide simulation control system,the physio-ecological response of Acanthus ilicifolius Linn.seedlings to different light intensities(5%,15%,20%,45%,60%,75% and 100% relative to natural light) from germination to the 10th month were studied.The results showed that as light intensity increased,the survival rate,height,ground diameter,dry weight of root,dry weight of stem,dry weight of leaf,individual biomass,root/shoot ratio,root vigor,leaf area and the content of chlorophyll a and b rose at first and then fell;the content of soluble sugar,net photosynthetic rate,water transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,maximum net photosynthetic rate rose.Under 30 minutes of immersion,the net photosynthetic rate rose and stomatal conductance decreased,all of which stabilized at a lower level than the initial rate.Most of physio-ecological indicators showed the seedlings grew well under the light intensity of 45%. The seedlings enhanced their efficiency of harvesting light by decreasing root/shoot ratio,light compensation point and increasing height,leaf area,apparent quantum efficiency and the content of chlorophyll a and b with the light intensity of 20%. 5% light intensity inhibited seedlings growth significantly,and the preserved rate was still above 60%. Very low light intensity could lead to slow growth of seedlings,but did not have strong impact on the density of their natural establishment.Meanwhile,the light saturation point and light compensation point of A.ilicifolius seedlings were very low.The reason why high density seedlings of A.ilicifolius emerge on mangrove wetlands from the Pearl River estuarine zone is that this shade-tolerant species has very strong adaptation to the decrease of light intensity.
A multistage heuristic for storage and retrieval problems in a warehouse with random storage

The warehouse is one of the essential components of logistics and supply chains. The efficiency of the whole chain is affected by the performance of warehouse operations and, more particularly, the storage and retrieval of goods. This paper considers a storage and retrieval problem in a real warehouse with random storage and different types of forklifts, depending on the locations they can access. The problem deals with selecting locations to store/retrieve a predefined set of pallets, assigning an adequately skilled forklift to each operation and determining the order in which each forklift will perform its operations so that the total employed time is minimized. The problem is solved heuristically by decomposing it into three subproblems, each one handling one of the three key decisions of the problem, and taking into account congestion considerations. The paper also studies two modifications of the problem, adding secondary objective functions. Computational results compare the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for the different problems in a stochastic environment via simulation.
Prosodic distance iconically disrupts causal inferencing

• Bjorkman’s Syntactic Hypothesis: the conjoined CP structure mandated by the second that allows the non-causal interpretation, while conjoined IPs do not. • Iconic Hypothesis: the second that helps the non-causal interpretation by adding distance between the conjoined clauses, which a prosodic boundary could also do. • Predictions: The Iconic Hypothesis predicts that a prosodic boundary should function like that in favoring a non-causal interpretation, while Bjorkman’s hypothesis doesn’t.
Audio Processes: Musical Analysis, Modification, Synthesis, and Control

Designed for music technology students, enthusiasts, and professionals, Audio Processes: Musical Analysis, Modification, Synthesis, and Control describes the practical design of audio processes, with a step-by-step approach from basic concepts all the way to sophisticated effects and synthesizers. The themes of analysis, modification, synthesis, and control are covered in an accessible manner and without requiring extensive mathematical skills. The material is presented in an order that allows for the progressive accumulation of understanding; however, topics are sufficiently contained such that those with prior experience can read individual chapters directly.
VR Simulation Sickness from Experience Information Disparity

With the recent popularization of low-cost virtual reality (VR) devices, VR contents have rapidly increased, but a key issue is that most of the applications that have been developed thus far are causing simulation sickness or cyber sickness. This study is on whether or not the dizziness occurs when there is an overload of elements that give us spatial sense, or when distance information from the real world and the world of virtual reality are mismatched. We performed experiments on changes in movement speed according to FoV, brightness, movement distance, using element tests regarding experience information disparity and describe the results of our experiments. The analysis data from this study are data that are required by general VR developers and users, and will become crucial analysis data. The data are expected to be useful to developers and gamers for future VR content or during the VR game development stage.
Optimum medium composition for Geobacillus stearothermophilus CHB1 fermentation

Cell biomass and pH of Geobacillus stearothermophilus CHB1 in culture medium were used as indices in the optimization study.The results indicated that different carbon and nitrogen sources significantly affected the microbial growth.By using orthogonal experimentation design,the optimal medium composition was obtained: 0.5% beef extract,0.9% soy peptone,0.2% NaCl,0.1% K_2HPO_4 and 0.075% KH_2PO_4. It was found that the biomass resulted from the newly formulated medium was ten times greater than that from the standard fermentation medium.
Probabilistic Load Flow based on Reactive Programming Paradigms

Pretende-se desenvolver uma nova metodologia de trânsito de potencias probabilistico, para usar em aplicacoes preditivas e de grande modularidade sensorial da rede. A dissertacao ambiciona desenvolver uma nova abordagem de transito de potencia probabilistico, baseada num paradigma algoritmico de Reactiva Programing. Para teste do modelo serao usados historico de dados de zona de rede de 60kV, com varios parques eolicos e mini-hidricas.
Face Synthesis with Landmark Points from Generative Adversarial Networks and Inverse Latent Space Mapping

Facial landmarks refer to the localization of fundamental facial points on face images. There have been a tremendous amount of attempts to detect these points from facial images however, there has never been an attempt to synthesize a random face and generate its corresponding facial landmarks. This paper presents a framework for augmenting a dataset in a latent Z-space and applied to the regression problem of generating a corresponding set of landmarks from a 2D facial dataset. The BEGAN framework has been used to train a face generator from CelebA database. The inverse of the generator is implemented using an Adam optimizer to generate the latent vector corresponding to each facial image, and a lightweight deep neural network is trained to map latent Z-space vectors to the landmark space. Initial results are promising and provide a generic methodology to augment annotated image datasets with additional intermediate samples.
Effect of Slight Salt-stress on Excitation Energy Distribution of Photosynthesis in Sweet Sorghum

Pn,Gs,Ci,Ls,Fo,Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv'/Fm',qp,ΦPSII and NPQ were used to study the effect of salt-stress on photosynthetic rate and excitation energy distribution in sweet sorghum leaves.The results showed that Photosynthetic rate of 100mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment were affected more strongly than that of the 50 mmol·L-1NaCl treatment compared with control.Reducing of carbon assimilation at high salinities did not resume when CO2 concentrition increased.Moreover,Fv'/Fm',qp and ΦPSII of 100mmol·L-1 NaCl treatments were significantly depressed,and NPQ significantly increased with respect to 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment and control.These indicated that excessive excitation energy was dissipated by the form of heat.The decline of photosynthetic rate was mainly caused by nonstomatal limitations.Salt-stress also changed the way of excitation energy distribution,and plant under 100mmol·L-1 salt-stress dissipated excessive excitation energy by the form of heat.
Distribution and species composition of fish eggs in Daya Bay

Based on the data of eight seasonal surveys during 2003-2005 in Daya Bay,annual and seasonal quantity variation and species composition of fish eggs were analysed.The survey results showed that fish egg quantity had marked annual and seasonal variation.Fish egg quantity was large from May to September,and the peak appeared in September.Spatial distribution of egg quantity was distinctly uneven and varied seasonally.Dominant species of eggs were Leiognathidae,Sardinells sp. ,Stolephorus sp. ,Synoglossidae,Clupanodon punctatus,Sebastiscus marmoratu and Sparidae in the whole year.The egg quantity of these species accounted for 90.6%of the total eggs in 2003-2004 and 90.7%in 2004-2005·Leiognathidae was the most dominant species in spring,summer and autumn with its egg quantity accounting for 71.7%,73.1%and 86.0%in the three seasons in 2003-2004.Clupanodon punctatus, Sebastiscus marmoratus and Sparidae dominated absolutely in winter.Quantity variation of fish eggs was related to the variation of fish stock composition,and its spatial distribution was affected by sea current and zooplankton distribution.
Dynamics of land use and its ecosystem services in China′s megacities

With rapid urban development,land use and its ecosystem services in large cities change accordingly.During the latest decades,urban development boomed in China.Researchers and decision makers have increasingly paid attentions to the characteristics and variations of land use and its ecosystem services among megacities.We conducted the current study to understand the dynamics of land use and its ecosystem services in China′s megacities.We firstly analyzed changes in land use in nine cities with over two million nonagricultural inhabitants(in 1995),including Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,Chongqing,Nanjing,Xian,Harbin,Wuhan and Guangzhou.We then modified the criteria proposed by Xie et al[1] in 2010 regarding to the equivalent values per unit area of land ecosystem services and used the modified version to translate land uses in the nine surveyed cities into values of ecosystem services.In addition,we examined the relationship between urban land use structure and ecosystem services.To test the reliability of the results,sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the dependency of each class of land use on the coefficient of ecosystem service values per unit area.The results showed generally similar trends of land use structure changes among the surveyed megacities.Reduced land types mainly included cultivated land and water area.In contrast,lands were increasingly used for construction,urban greening and forest.The values of ecosystem services per unit area differed among the nine cities.It ranged from 4 996 to 8 854 Yuan/hm2 in 1995 with the highest value in Guangzhou followed by Wuhan,Harbin,Nanjing,Xian,Tianjin,Beijing,Shanghai and Chongqing.The range in 2008 was from 4 746 to 8 777 Yuan/hm2 and the descending rank was Guangzhou,Harbin,Xian,Shanghai,Chongqing,Beijing,Wuhan,Nanjing and Tianjin.The average value of ecosystem services per unit area across the nine surveyed cities dropped to 6 987 Yuan/hm2 in 2008 from 7 189 Yuan/hm2 in 1995.Per capita values of ecosystem services across the megacities dropped.It ranged from 284 Yuan to 7 983 Yuan in 1995 with a descending rank of Harbin,Xian,Beijing,Guangzhou,Wuhan,Nanjing,Tianjin,Chongqing and Shanghai.The rank in 2008 changed into Harbin,Chongqing,Xian,Guangzhou,Wuhan,Beijing,Nanjing,Tianjin and Shanghai with a range from 305 to 4 538 Yuan.The average per capita value of ecosystem services was 1 677 Yuan in 1995 which decreased to 1 230 Yuan in 2008.Hydrological regulation and food production were the first two weakened services.The services of culture,entertainment and waste disposal were,however,improved.The sensitivity analysis showed less dependency(1) for all classes of land uses in both 1995 and 2008,which indicated high reliability of our results.We suggested disordered expansion of construction lands and imbalance of ecological lands as main problems impeding the harmonious urban development.Given the similar social environment across the Chinese mainland,the findings in our study might have important implications for the sustainable development of other rising cities.
Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing

In this report, some collaborative work between the fields of Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) is presented. The document is structured in two parts. The first part includes a superficial but comprehensive survey covering the state-of-the-art of machine learning techniques applied to natural language learning tasks. In the second part, a particular problem, namely Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), is studied in more detail. In doing so, four algorithms for supervised learning, which belong to different families, are compared in a benchmark corpus for the WSD task. Both qualitative and quantitative conclusions are drawn.