Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamin and Activity Regulate Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Sympathetic Neurons*

Neurotransmission in central neuronal synapses is supported by the recycling of synaptic vesicles via endocytosis at different time scales during and after transmitter release. Here, we examine the kinetics and molecular determinants of different modes of synaptic vesicle recycling at a peripheral neuronal synapse formed between superior cervical ganglion neurons in culture, via acute disruption of endocytosis with Dynasore, an inhibitor of dynamin activation, or a dynamin peptide (P4) that perturbs linkage of dynamin to clathrin coats through amphiphysin. When paired action potentials are generated to produce excitatory postsynaptic potential responses, the second response was reduced after application of Dynasore but not P4. In addition, graded reduction in synaptic transmission during a train of action potentials was accelerated by Dynasore but enhanced by P4. After full depletion of releasable vesicles, P4 delayed the recovery of synaptic transmission while Dynasore limited recovery to 10%. In control neurons, synaptic transmission is stable for more than 1 h under low frequency presynaptic stimulation (0.2 Hz), but was reduced gradually by P4 and rapidly but incompletely blocked by Dynasore at a much lower stimulation frequency. These results suggest two essential modes of dynamin-mediated synaptic vesicle recycling, one activity-dependent and the other activity-independent. Our findings extend the current understanding of synaptic vesicle recycling to sympathetic nerve terminals and provide evidence for a physiological and molecular heterogeneity in endocytosis, a key cellular process for efficient replenishment of the vesicle pool, and thus for synaptic plasticity.
Adult age differences in repetition priming: a meta-analysis.

This article reports a meta-analysis comparing the size of repetition priming effects in young and older adults. The main analysis included 39 effect sizes. Of these, 23 effect sizes could be classified as involving item priming and 16 as involving associative priming. The weighted mean effect size for the age difference was . 304, with a confidence interval from . 217 to . 392. Because the confidence interval did not include 0, the hypothesis of no age difference in repetition priming was rejected. Subsidiary analyses, however, revealed that the weighted mean effect size for repetition priming was smaller than those for recognition or recall measures from the set of experiments included in the effect-size meta-analysis. Difficulties in drawing conclusions about process dissociations in old age in the face of only a partial dissociation in experimental measures are considered.
Customer Needing - Conceptualising Industrial Service from a Customer Perspective

Views on industrial service have conceptually progressed from the output of the provider’s production process to the result of an interaction process in which the customer also is involved. Although there are attempts to be customer-oriented, especially when the focus is on solutions, an industrial company’s offering combining goods and services is inherently seller-oriented. There is, however, a need to go beyond the current literature and company practices. We propose that what is needed is a genuinely customer-based parallel concept to offering that takes the customer’s view and put forward a new concept labelled customer needing. A needing is based on the customer’s mental model of their business and strategies which will affect priorities, decisions, and actions. A needing can be modelled as a configuration of three dimensions containing six functions that create realised value for the customer. These dimensions and functions can be used to describe needings which represent starting points for sellers’ creation of successful offerings. When offerings match needings over time the seller should have the potential to form and sustain successful buyer relationships.
Impact of particle aggregated microbes on UV disinfection. I: Evaluation of spore-clay aggregates and suspended spores

Aggregation of microbes with particles can reduce the effectiveness of ultraviolet UV disinfection. This study evaluated the comparative impact of dispersed spores, dispersed spores mixed with clay particles nonaggregated, spore-spore aggregates, and spore- clay aggregates on UV disinfection performance in simulated drinking waters. Aggregates were induced by flocculation with alum and characterized by particle size analysis count, volume, and surface area of dispersed and aggregated systems, scanning electron micros- copy SEM and energy dispersive X-ray EDX analysis. It was concluded that spores within aggregates of the spore-clay system were protected from UV irradiation compared to nonaggregated spores and the difference between these systems was found to be statistically significant throughout the UV range tested. In addition SEM-EDX analysis suggested that aggregate composition is nonhomogeneous with respect to the ratio of spores and clay particles among aggregates. It was estimated that 30-50% of the spores in the aggregates tested were protected from UV irradiation.
Genome gains at chromosome 21q21/22 segment leads to co‐amplification of Down Syndrome Critical Regions and known oncogenes in a case of donor cell‐derived acute myeloid leukaemia following allogeneic sex mismatched umbilical cord blood transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia

Donor cell-derived leukaemia (DCL) following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is a rare phenomenon with only a handful of cases appearing in the literature. Potential mechanisms for DCL development post-haematopoietic cell transplantation include occult pre-leukaemic clones in donor cells, immune surveillance defect(s), therapy-related stromal abnormalities, excess cytokine stimulation, and DNA replication/repair errors associated with post-transplant expansion (Ruiz-Argüelles et al, 2007). We agree with the view that a common mechanism is not likely. Although case numbers are small, no consistent chromosome abnormality has been identified thus far, with normal karyotype in approximately half the cases, and a mixture of numerical and/or complex structural aberrations in the remainder. We performed detailed analysis on patient and cord blood samples from a 32-year-old female with chronic myeloid leukaemia and a history of acute megakaryoblastic transformation (AMKL), who developed DCL following UCBT. Cytogenetic analysis at presentation identified t(9;22) (q34q11) and a marker inv(7)(q? 22q? 35) in all dividing cells (Fig. 1A). Following transformation to AMKL and the attainment of morphological remission with induction chemotherapy, the patient underwent reduced intensity conditioned single antigen mismatched UCBT from a male donor. Despite achieving complete molecular response, and full donor chimaerism [200 nuclei showing male signal pattern by XY fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)] at 1 month post-UCBT, bone marrow (BM) examination at 17 months revealed tri-lineage dysplasia, erythroid hyperplasia (53% of cells) and increased blasts (16% of total cells; 33% of nonerythroid cells). Immunophenotyping confirmed a clonal population of myeloblasts (CD34 30%, CD13 73%, CD33 73%, cMPO 46%, TdT 0%, CD7 45%, CD13:34 30%, CD7:33 30%). All cells were BCR/ABL1 negative by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and of male origin by XY FISH. The patient died from overwhelming sepsis following the diagnosis of an evolving donor cell-derived acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Analysis of BM aspirate unveiled an abnormal karyotype 44,XY,-7, der(17)t(17;21)(p13? p/q? ),-21 confirmed by FISH (Fig. 1B). Genome-wide oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis identified loss of chromosome 7, and partial losses and gains of chromosome 21, whilst chromosome 17 showed no changes (Fig. 2). Genomic imbalances at the 21q21/q22 region involved gene rich sequences including:
IMI Python: Upgraded CS Circles web‐based Python course

The rapid growth of student demand for flexible education and learning alternatives has caused a significant increase in web‐based programming course offerings. In order to ensure easy and enjoyable ways of acquiring knowledge, many web‐based solutions have customized the design and content to student needs. This paper introduces a project of the Institute for Mathematics and Informatics (IMI) called IMI Python, an interactive online course. It is based on the open‐source Computer Science Circles (CS Circles) project. IMI Python aims to assist the target audience, primarily students, learn a spectrum of Python knowledge. The benefits of this enhanced system are multiple, both for students and their teachers. The course content is structured and divided by levels: basic, medium, and advanced. Flexible navigation through the different levels of difficulty and lesson units allows students to easily review any forgotten material and adopt new knowledge. Teachers have the ability to follow the progress of individual students or all students in a level, and communicate with them about their work. Teachers and students can communicate within the system to discuss individual exercises through a simple user interface. The system is enhanced with the possibility of testing students’ knowledge through quizzes. Quizzes are visible at assigned time intervals and are worth a certain number of points. By tracking students’ results, teachers can determine whether the site has enough quality material and what can contribute to its improvement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:464–480, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21724
Evaluating Multifunctional Storage Usage for the Integration of Renewable Energies

• B. Wasowicz, S. Koopmann, T. Dederichs, A. Schnettler, U. Spaetling: “Evaluating regulatory and market frameworks for energy storage deployment in electricity grids with high renewable energy penetration”, Conference proceedings, 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market, 2012. • Electric Power Research Institute, “Electric Energy Storage Technology Options – A Primer on Applications, Costs & Benefits”, white paper, 2010. • J. Eyer and G. Corey, “Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid: Benefits and Market Potential Assessment Guide”, Sandia National Laboratories, 2010. Findings
Analysis of Measures to Achieve Resilience during Virtual Machine Interruptions in IaaS Cloud Service

In cloud computing era, the resilience issues faced by cloud computing services may be high. And therefore, the best alternative to reckon with the effects on the Quality-of-Service is to preserve resilience of Cloud computing service. To address this issue, an analytical model is proposed to study queueing system to handle various virtual machine interruptions. The proposed model recommends a secondary virtual machine to redeem the primary virtual machine during a probable halt. The work highlights the innovation employed for analysing the measures to achieve resilience during virtual machine interruptions in IaaS cloud service, the main objective of this research. The model is simulated using SHARPE and the results declare guaranteed performance for the IaaS clients to achieve high availability of service as the response time never deflate during VM interruptions.
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE: 25 YEARS SINCE THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT

Radioactive waste management is an important component of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident mitigation and remediation activities in the so-called Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. This article describes the localization and characteristics of the radioactive waste present in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and summarizes the pathways and strategy for handling the radioactive waste-related problems in Ukraine and the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and, in particular, the pathways and strategies stipulated by the National Radioactive Waste Management Program.
Hough Transform-Based Clock Skew Measurement by Dynamically Locating the Region of Offset Majority

A network-based remote host clock skew measurement involves collecting the offsets, the differences between sending and receiving times, of packets from the host within a period of time. Although the variant and immeasurable delay in each packet prevents the measurer from getting the real clock offset, the local minimum delays and the majority of delays delineate the clock offset shifts, and are used by existing approaches to estimate the skew. However, events during skew measurement like time synchronization and rerouting caused by switching network interface or base transceiver station may break the trend into multi-segment patterns. Although the skew in each segment is theoretically of the same value, the skew derived from the whole offset-set usually differs with an error of unpredictable scale. In this work, a method called dynamic region of offset majority locating (DROML) is developed to detect multi-segment cases, and to precisely estimate the skew. DROML is designed to work in realtime, and it uses a modified version of the HT-based method [8] both to measure the skew of one segment and to detect the break between adjacent segments. In the evaluation section, the modified HT-based method is compared with the original method and with a linear programming algorithm (LPA) on accumulated-time and short-term measurement. The fluctuation of the modified method in the short-term experiment is 0.6 ppm (parts per million), which is obviously less than the 1.23 ppm and 1.45 ppm from the other two methods. DROML, when estimating a four-segment case, is able to output a skew of only 0.22 ppm error, compared with the result of the normal case. key words: clock skew, Hough transform, region of offset majority, time synchronization
Cytotoxic Activity of Human Dendritic Cells Is Differentially Regulated by Double-Stranded RNA and CD40 Ligand1

The main function of dendritic cells (DCs) is to induce adaptive immune response through Ag presentation and specific T lymphocyte activation. However, IFN-α- or IFN-γ-stimulated CD11c+ blood DCs and IFN-β-stimulated monocyte-derived DCs were recently reported to express functional TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), suggesting that DCs may become cytotoxic effector cells of innate immunity upon appropriate stimulation. In this study, we investigate whether dsRNA and CD40 ligand (CD40L), that were characterized as potent inducers of DC maturation, could also stimulate or modulate DC cytotoxicity toward tumoral cells. We observed that dsRNA, but not CD40L, is a potent inducer of TRAIL expression in human monocyte-derived DCs. As revealed by cytotoxicity assays, DCs acquire the ability to kill tumoral cells via the TRAIL pathway when treated with dsRNA. More precisely, dsRNA is shown to induce IFN-β synthesis that consecutively mediates TRAIL expression by the DCs. In contrast, we demonstrate that TRAIL expression in dsRNA- or IFN-α-treated DCs is potently inhibited after CD40L stimulation. Unexpectedly, CD40L-activated DCs still developed cytotoxicity toward tumoral cells. This latter appeared to be partly mediated by TNF-α induction and a yet unidentified pathway. Altogether, these results demonstrate that dsRNA and CD40L, that were originally characterized as maturation signals for DCs, also stimulate their cytotoxicity that is mediated through TRAIL-dependent or -independent mechanisms.
Phytohemagglutinin Response and Immunoglobulin Index Decrease during Incubation Fasting in Female Common Eiders

To maximize their fitness, long‐lived species face trade‐offs between survival and reproduction. The cost of reproduction, which is defined as the negative effect of current parental investment on chances of adult survival and future reproduction, may affect immune function, possibly through hormonal changes. In this study, components of acquired immunity and plasma corticosterone levels of female eiders (Somateria mollissima) have been measured throughout the incubation period as a function of clutch size. These precocial birds lay up to six eggs and fast completely during incubation. Birds were sampled early and late in the incubation period, with clutches ranging from one to four eggs. T‐cell‐mediated immune response and humoral immunity were assessed by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin tests (a challenging method) and measurements of serum immunoglobulins (a monitoring method), respectively. During incubation, responses to PHA injection and immunoglobulin index significantly decreased, by about 40% and 25%, respectively. These observed decreases occurred independently of the number of eggs laid by the females. Corticosterone did not vary significantly during incubation, whatever the clutch size. We conclude that female eiders seem to reallocate their resources from immune function to reproductive effort independently of clutch size or corticosterone levels.
Conserved signals around the 5' splice sites in eukaryotic nuclear precursor mRNAs: G-runs are frequent in the introns and C in the exons near both 5' and 3' splice sites.

It is known that the GT doublet is well conserved at the 5' exon/intron splice junction and is frequently embedded in the AGGT quartet. Although only the underlined G is invariable, splicing and ligation are accurately executed. In this work we search for additional conserved potential signals which may aid in 5' splice site recognition. Extensive searches which are not limited to a preconceived consensus sequence are carried out. We investigate the distributions of the 256 quartets in a 1000 nucleotide span around the 5' splice sites in approximately 1700 eukaryotic nuclear precursor mRNAs. Several potential signals are noted. Of particular interest are quartets containing runs of G, e.g., G4, G3T, G3C, G3A and AG3 in the intron immediately downstream and some C-containing quartets in the exon upstream of the 5' splice site. In an analogous calculation, (A)GGG(A) has also been found to be frequent in the intron, 60 nucleotides upstream and (A)CCC(A) in the exon downstream of the 3' splice site. These results are consistent with the recent indications that exon sequences may play a role in efficient splicing. Some models are proposed.
Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm With Polarization Demultiplexing in Stokes Space in Optical Coherent Receiver

We propose a modified method of constant modulus algorithm (CMA) based on polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space for polarization demultiplexing (SS-PDM) in optical coherent receivers. SS-PDM can tolerate chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), but is sensitive to PMD. On the other hand, the CMA with high-order FIR filters could compensate for polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) effectively, but suffers from the singularity problem which results from PDL. Therefore, we use the polarization rotation matrix estimated by SS-PDM to set the initial center taps of the CMA. The singularity problem of the CMA is avoided effectively in a much wider range of PDL and its convergence speed is also improved. We demonstrate this modified CMA in a simulation of 100-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK with PDL of 1, 3, and 5 dB, respectively. PDL is emulated by attenuating one polarization tributary before polarization multiplexing and the interaction between PDL and PMD is ignored. The singularity problem disappears as expected. Because the tolerance of PDL is affected by DGD, we further investigate the PDL tolerance under different DGD. Finally, we conduct the simulation of 100-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK with PDL of 3 dB over 3000 km SSMF and 4000 km SSMF separately. The convergence speed accelerates indeed compared with that of the conventional CMA.
The role of the frontal eye fields in the oculomotor inhibition of reflexive saccades : Evidence from lesion patients

The current study investigated the role of the frontal eye fields (FEF) in the suppression of an unwanted eye movement (‘oculomotor inhibition’). Oculomotor inhibition has generally been investigated using the antisaccade task, in which an eye movement to a task-relevant onset must be inhibited. Various lines of research have suggested that successful inhibition in the antisaccade task relies heavily on the FEF. Here, we tested whether the FEF are also involved in the oculomotor inhibition of reflexive saccades. To this end, we used the oculomotor capture task in which the to-be-inhibited element is task-irrelevant. Performance of four patients with lesions to the FEF was measured on both the antisaccade and oculomotor capture task. In both tasks, the majority of the patients made more erroneous eye movements to contralesional elements than to ipsilesional elements. One patient showed no deficits in the antisaccade task, which could be explained by the developmental origin of his lesion. While we confirm the role of the FEF in the inhibition of task-relevant elements, the current study also reveals that the FEF play a crucial role in the oculomotor inhibition of task-irrelevant elements. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
OCCURRENCE OF ZOONOTIC CAMPYLOBACTER IN CHILDREN

Campylobacter is the commonest reported bacterial cause of infectious intestinal disease. To study the epidemiology of Campylobacter infection among children, 100 stool samples along with patients anamnesis were collected from the clinical diarrheic reported to Enterology unit of Institute for child Health and centre for Children, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu between May 2013 to June 2013. Samples were subjected to traditional culture and modern PCR techniques, both of which revealed same results of 13% prevalence of Campylobacter sps (8% C.jejuni & 5% C.coli). Analyzing the patients anamnesis to study the epidemiological determinants, sex has a significance (P<0.05). Age and residential area have no significance and summer season and cross contamination could be probable determinants for the infection.
Towards Relational Cache Analysis

Programs in hard real-time systems have to satisfy non-functional constraints, such as timing constraints, beyond their functional requirements. The static analysis that derives bounds on the execution times has to take into account the components of the underlying hardware platform, such as caches and pipelines, in order to derive tight bounds on the execution times. Static cache analysis classifies memory accesses as cache hits, cache misses or unknown. State-of-the-art cache analyses cannot precisely model accesses whose addresses are imprecisely determined: no hits can be predicted for those accesses and they deteriorate analysis information excessively. We present a relational cache analysis that can represent cache elements with imprecisely determined addresses and uses relations between cache elements — obtained by congruence analyses — in order to do precise updates and classifications. This paves the way for cache analysis to profit from analyses other than value analyses and enables the prediction of hits for new classes of accesses, e.g. those with input-dependent addresses.
Denaturation and renaturation of the monomeric phosphoglycerate mutase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

The denaturation by guanidinium chloride of the monomeric phosphoglycerate mutase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe was studied. The loss in activity broadly parallels the changes in protein structure detected by fluorescence and c.d. Renaturation can be brought about by dilution of the denaturing agent. These processes were compared with those in the enzymes from baker's yeast and rabbit muscle, which are tetrameric and dimeric respectively. The effects of the cofactor 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate on the structure and stability of the S. pombe enzyme were also investigated.