Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entry by Takeover : Auctions vs . Bilateral

Firms often enter new markets by taking over an incumbent. We analyze a potential entrant’s choice of target under two (exogenously given) takeover mechanisms: (i) auctions, where other incumbents can bid for the target against the entrant, and (ii) bilateral negotiations between the entrant and the target. The entrant’s choice of target depends on the mechanism, and it may not maximize its ex-post profit (nor consumer welfare). In an auction, the entrant pays a higher price to take over a target with higher synergies, because these impose stronger negative externalities on incumbents and increase their willingness to pay for preventing entry. Auctions increase the price obtained by the target, but reduce welfare compared to negotiations because they may discourage the entrant from acquiring a target with higher synergies. JEL Classification: D44; G34; L13.
Non-invasive method for measuring local pulse wave velocity in arteries: part I

The pressure and flowwaveforms depend on the mechanical properties of the vessel walls, usually expressed in terms of stiffness and distensibility. Hence, it is well accepted that the deterioration of elastic properties of large arteries with age (Mitchell et al. 2004) or pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension (Sawabe et al. 2005), is responsible for the alteration of the shape of the pressure and flow waveforms. Moreover, the wave speed at which pressure and flow propagate depends chiefly upon the mechanical properties of the arterial wall and blood density. Such information about mechanical properties of the vessel walls can be derived from the measurement of pulse wave velocity (Abdessalem and Abdessalem 2009). The aim of this work was to present a non-invasive method for the assessment of local PWV. We also aim to compare the results of this method with those obtained using the foot-to-foot (f-t-f) method using computational (Part I) and in vitro experiments (Part II).
Investigating the Bag-of-WordsMethod for 3 D Shape Retrieval

This paper investigates the capabilities of the Bag-of-Words (BWs) method in the 3D shape retrieval field. The contributions of this paper are (1) the 3D shape retrieval task is categorized from different points of view: specific versus generic, partial-toglobal retrieval (PGR) versus global-to-global retrieval (GGR), and articulated versus nonarticulated (2) the spatial information, represented as concentric spheres, is integrated into the framework to improve the discriminative ability (3) the analysis of the experimental results on Purdue Engineering Benchmark (PEB) reveals that some properties of the BW approach make it perform better on the PGR task than the GGR task (4) the BW approach is evaluated on nonarticulated database PEB and articulated database McGill Shape Benchmark (MSB) and compared to other methods.
Ultraviolet light protection by several new compounds.

The photoprotective capabilities of more than 30 compounds, many of which have not been used previously as ultraviolet light (UVL) protective agents, were studied by in vitro and in vivo testing. No correlation between in vitro and in vivo effectiveness was identified. Lack of effectiveness in one system does not preclude effectiveness in another. Many agents that imparted protection from x-radiation and UVL damage in vitro lacked topical efficacy in vivo. The in vivo protection from UVL achieved by most of the agents at clinical concentrations is a function of their ultraviolet absorption spectrum. Topical studies on humans showed that propyl gallate is a more effective protectant than the best known commercial sunscreen. It is nontoxic, almost nonstaining to fabric, and substantive to the epidermis. Unfortunately, it proved to be a strong contact sensitizer. Many clues to the unknowns in medicine are locked in the library, waiting for someone to open the right book at the right time. Alphonse Raymond Dochez 1882-1964
DNA polymerase stabilization at stalled replication forks requires Mec1 and the RecQ helicase Sgs1

To ensure proper replication and segregation of the genome, eukaryotic cells have evolved surveillance systems that monitor and react to impaired replication fork progression. In budding yeast, the intra‐S phase checkpoint responds to stalled replication forks by downregulating late‐firing origins, preventing spindle elongation and allowing efficient resumption of DNA synthesis after recovery from stress. Mutations in this pathway lead to high levels of genomic instability, particularly in the presence of DNA damage. Here we demonstrate by chromatin immunoprecipitation that when yeast replication forks stall due to hydroxyurea (HU) treatment, DNA polymerases α and ϵ are stabilized for 40–60 min. This requires the activities of Sgs1, a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases, and the ATM‐related kinase Mec1, but not Rad53 activation. A model is proposed whereby Sgs1 helicase resolves aberrantly paired structures at stalled forks to maintain single‐stranded DNA that allows RP‐A and Mec1 to promote DNA polymerase association.
Denervation of serotonergic fibers in the hippocampus induced a trophic factor which enhances the maturation of transplanted serotonergic neurons but not norepinephrine neurons

The trophic effects of specific denervation on the growth and survival of fetal serotonergic (5‐HT) or norepinephrinergic (NE) neurons grafted into the hippocampus were assessed by means of two transplantation paradigms. In the first, fetal raphe cells (containing 5‐HT neurons) were transplanted into the control hippocampus. In the second, the transplantation was performed 2 weeks after the specific removal of 5‐HT afferents to the hippocampus with 5,7‐dihy‐droxytryptamine (5,7‐DHT). We found that a month after transplantation, the number of 5‐HT immunoreactive neurons was not significantly different between the two experimental paradigms. However, transplanted raphe neurons had 400% more 5‐HT synaptosomal high‐affinity uptake and 380% higher content of 5‐HT in the hippocampus with prior 5,7‐DHT lesion than in control hippocampus. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry showed that the transplanted 5‐HT neurons had denser processes and varicosities in the hippocampus with lesion than in control hippocampus. The somatic area of the neurons with these denser processes and varicosities was 42% larger than that of control group. A greater 5‐HT level could be achieved if transplanted neurons in the control hippocampus were treated with the supernatant extracted from the hippocampus with 5,7‐DHT lesion.
Nucleotide sequence of a preferred maize chloroplast genome template for in vitro DNA synthesis.

Maize chloroplast DNA sequences representing 94% of the chromosome have been surveyed for their activity as autonomously replicating sequences in yeast and as templates for DNA synthesis in vitro by a partially purified chloroplast DNA polymerase. A maize chloroplast DNA region extending over about 9 kilobase pairs is especially active as a template for the DNA synthesis reaction. Fragments from within this region are much more active than DNA from elsewhere in the chromosome and 50- to 100-fold more active than DNA of the cloning vector pBR322. The smallest of the strongly active subfragments that we have studied, the 1368-base-pair EcoRI fragment x, has been sequenced and found to contain the coding region of chloroplast ribosomal protein L16. EcoRI fragment x shows sequence homology with a portion of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast chromosome that forms a displacement loop [Wang, X. -M. , Chang, C.H. , Waddell, J. & Wu, M. (1984) Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 3857-3872]. Maize chloroplast DNA fragments that permit autonomous replication of DNA in yeast are not active as templates for DNA synthesis in the in vitro assay. The template active region we have identified may represent one of the origins of replication of maize chloroplast DNA.
Induction of high‐grade, high‐stage carcinomas in the rat urinary bladder

The hypothesis that biologic aggressiveness of bladder cancer is determined by carcinogen dose was tested using heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladders (HTBs). Young male Fischer rats, which were recipients of normal bladders, were divided into three groups; the first group received 0.5 mg of N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) into HTBs for six doses, a second, 0.05 mg for six doses and the third, 1 mg for three doses. Separately, a group of animals received bladders from rats treated with 0.05% N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BHBN) in drinking water for 4 weeks; the transplanted bladders then were treated with 0.5 mg of MNU for six doses. Treatment with the larger dose of MNU resulted in a significant increase in tumor incidence and frequency of invasive carcinomas. The combination carcinogen treatment induced more invasive carcinomas than the single treatment. The data suggest that deeply invasive carcinomas may develop in two ways: the first is by emergence of a more anaplastic cell population within a pre‐existing noninvasive carcinoma and the second is by the de novo development of an invasive carcinoma directly from a severely dysplastic urothelium, which is acceptable as carcinoma in situ. Squamous differentiation was characteristic of deeply invasive carcinomas. The dose of carcinogen(s) is a determinant of aggressiveness of bladder carcinomas.
The calculation of absorbed dose from exposure measurements: practical problems in dosimetry.

At least two procedures for determination of dose within an irradiated medium from ionization chamber measurements are in common use. One involves a determination of exposure in air and the application of conversion factors. The second involves the introduction of the ion chamber directly into the medium and a determination of exposure at that point followed by the application of conversion factors. For each of these methods a small attenuation correction must be applied to the exposure determination. The correction is commonly applied to ionization measurements made directly in the medium but is almost universally ignored when the reference exposure determination is made in air.
Site and Age Condition the Growth Responses to Climate and Drought of Relict Pinus nigra Subsp. salzmannii Populations in Southern Spain

Abstract To assess if tree age may modulate the main climatic drivers of radial growth, two relict Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii populations (María, most xeric site; Mágina, least xeric site) were sampled in southern Spain near the limits of the species range. Tree-ring width residual chronologies for two age groups (mature trees, age ≤ 100 years (minimum 40 years); old trees, age > 100 years) were built to evaluate their responses to climate by relating them to monthly precipitation and temperature and a drought index (DRI) using correlation and response functions. We found that drought is the main driver of growth of relict P. nigra populations, but differences between sites and age classes were also observed. First, growth in the most xeric site depends on the drought severity during the previous autumn and the spring of the year of tree-ring formation, whereas in the relatively more mesic site growth is mainly enhanced by warm and wet conditions in spring. Second, growth of mature trees responded more to drought severity than that of old trees. Our findings indicate that drought severity will mainly affect growth of relict P. nigra populations dominated by mature trees in xeric sites. This conclusion may also apply to similar mountain Mediterranean conifer relicts.
Effect of a nonzero temperature on quantum critical points in itinerant fermion systems.

I reexamine the work of Hertz on quantum phase transitions in itinerant fermion systems. I determine when it is permissible to integrate out the fermions and analyze the critical phenomena via an effective bosonic theory in which only fluctuations of the ordering field are explicitly retained. By solving appropriate scaling equations I obtain the different regimes of behavior of the correlation length and free energy in the disordered phase of the effective bosonic theory. The results in many cases differ from those of Hertz, but make contact with more recent work on the dilute Bose gas. I briefly discuss the relevance of the results to heavy-fermion materials.
THE INFLUENCE OF STANDARD RENDERING METHODS ON THE MANIFESTED INTENSITY OF THE CHROMATIC INDUCTION EFFECT

The focus of this work is directed to investigations with the aim of explaining the mutual relationships of parameters connected to the gamut size, rendering methods and the visual evaluations of the prints with the image presentations, which cause the psychophysical effect of the chromatic induction. The results of instrumental analysis in relation to the results of visual evaluation show aberration from the conventional point of view, according to which the increase of gamut size of prints is followed by the increase of the experience quality. In this sense the additional analyses are made and the correlations are determined which define the relationships of the previously mentioned parameters.
[Mexican Asthma Guidelines: GUIMA 2017].

BACKGROUND The need for a national guideline, with a broad basis among specialists and primary care physicians was felt in Mexico, to try unifying asthma management. As several high-quality asthma guidelines exist worldwide, it was decided to select the best three for transculturation. METHODS Following the internationally recommended methodology for guideline transculturation, ADAPTE, a literature search for asthma guidelines, published 1-1-2007 through 31-12-2015 was conducted. AGREE-II evaluations yielded 3/40 most suitable for transculturation. Their compound evidence was fused with local reality, patient preference, cost and safety considerations to draft the guideline document. Subsequently, this was adjusted by physicians from 12 national medical societies in several rounds of a Delphi process and 3 face-to-face meetings to reach the final version. RESULTS Evidence was fused from British Thoracic Society Asthma Guideline 2014, Global Initiative on Asthma 2015, and Guía Española del Manejo del Asma 2015 (2016 updates included). After 3 Delphi-rounds we developed an evidence-based document taking into account patient characteristics, including age, treatment costs and safety and best locally available medication. CONCLUSIONS In cooperation pulmonologists, allergists, ENT physicians, paediatricians and GPs were able to develop an evidence-based document for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of asthma and its exacerbations in Mexico.
Sexual abuse in childhood and deliberate self-harm.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated the association between sexual abuse in childhood and subsequent incidents of deliberate self-harm in women. METHOD A random community sample of women (N = 252) that reported having been sexually abused as children was interviewed and compared to a similarly sized group (N = 225) that did not report abuse. The subgroup of women sexually abused as children who reported subsequent incidents of deliberate self-harm was then contrasted with abused women who did not report self-harm. RESULTS There was a clear statistical association between sexual abuse in childhood and self-harm that was most marked in those subjected to more intrusive and more frequent abuse. Self-harm was also associated with major interpersonal problems in the subject's family of origin and with becoming involved in further abusive relationships as an adult. CONCLUSIONS Sexual abuse in childhood is associated with later incidents of deliberate self-harm and may well be an etiologic factor in its development.
Testosterone: a natural tonic for the failing heart?

Chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in the UK, accounting for 5% of acute hospital admissions and 1% of the total NHS budget.1 Coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension are the most commonly associated conditions. The condition is characterized by left ventricular dysfunction, impaired vascular tone and skeletal muscle abnormalities, producing breathlessness and fatigue. Neuro‐hormonal and cytokine activation are self‐perpetuating maladaptive responses to the failing heart, which cause further deterioration in cardiac function and increased catabolism. The mainstay of current therapy includes diuretics and neuro‐hormonal manipulation; ACE inhibitors are well established as the most important intervention for improving prognosis, and angiotensin II receptor antagonists offer a good alternative.2 More recently, reduced mortality has been demonstrated from the use of both beta‐blockers and the aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone.3,,4 Vasodilators may also provide symptomatic and prognostic benefit. However, the only therapy offering long‐term survival is cardiac transplantation, which remains limited by lack of donors and recipient suitability. There remains, therefore, a need for therapies which alleviate the suffering associated with CHF, as well as reducing mortality. Potential strategies under evaluation include anti‐cytokine therapy and inhibitors of neutral endopeptidases, which prevent breakdown of natriuretic peptides. Testosterone therapy has also been proposed as a useful add‐on treatment for men with CHF, although there are currently no clinical data to support this.6 In this article, we review the cardiovascular and neuro‐hormonal actions of testosterone, and discuss how androgen therapy may be of benefit to men with chronic heart failure. No studies have sought specifically to determine gonadal function in men with heart failure. However, several small studies suggest that these patients may have relatively low …
Tuberous sclerosis complex inactivation disrupts melanogenesis via mTORC1 activation

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant tumor-suppressor gene syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, and the TSC protein complex is an essential regulator of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). Patients with TSC develop hypomelanotic macules (white spots), but the molecular mechanisms underlying their formation are not fully characterized. Using human primary melanocytes and a highly pigmented melanoma cell line, we demonstrate that reduced expression of either TSC1 or TSC2 causes reduced pigmentation through mTORC1 activation, which results in hyperactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3&bgr; (GSK3&bgr;), followed by phosphorylation of and loss of &bgr;-catenin from the nucleus, thereby reducing expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and subsequent reductions in tyrosinase and other genes required for melanogenesis. Genetic suppression or pharmacological inhibition of this signaling cascade at multiple levels restored pigmentation. Importantly, primary melanocytes isolated from hypomelanotic macules from 6 patients with TSC all exhibited reduced TSC2 protein expression, and 1 culture showed biallelic mutation in TSC2, one of which was germline and the second acquired in the melanocytes of the hypomelanotic macule. These findings indicate that the TSC/mTORC1/AKT/GSK3&bgr;/&bgr;-catenin/MITF axis plays a central role in regulating melanogenesis. Interventions that enhance or diminish mTORC1 activity or other nodes in this pathway in melanocytes could potentially modulate pigment production.
Presencia en exovesículas y su papel en la enfermedad de chagas de las regiones N- Y C- terminal de las proteínas MASPs de Trypanosoma cruzi

Resumen La enfermedad de Chagas o tripanosomiasis americana causada por el parasito Trypanosoma cruzi es endemica del continente americano, donde se transmite por la presencia de insectos triatominos. Debido a los movimientos migratorios a paises no endemicos, la enfermedad se ha expandido de manera global. Esta se divide en dos fases, una fase aguda y otra cronica donde se desarrollan cardiopatologias, patologias digestivas (mega sindromes) o en la mayoria de los casos cursando como asintomatica. La capacidad de evadir el sistema inmune del parasito esta mediada por su localizacion intracelular y por la existencia de mecanismos para eludir e inmunomodular la respuesta humoral del hospedador. La variabilidad de los diferentes componentes de la superficie del parasito, asi como los componentes del secretoma, tanto proteinas solubles como las secretadas por la via no clasica y transportadas en EVs, estan involucradas en la manipulacion de la respuesta inmune asociada. En la presente Tesis, se procedio al estudio de la secrecion de las EVs por parte del parasito y de la presencia en dichas vesiculas de Mucin Associated Surface Proteins (MASPs), una familia multigenica de proteinas especificas de T. cruzi. Dicha presencia se ha demostrado mediante immunocitoquimica, western blot e inmunofluorescencia de los extremos MASP N- y C-terminal conservados en dichas EVs. La demostracion de la presencia de estas regiones en EVs, implicaria la presencia de proteinas MASP inmaduras y de errores “teoricos” de procesamiento antes de ser secretadas por parte del parasito. Mediante el analisis de la respuesta humoral de estos componentes de las proteinas MASP secretados en EVs se ha demostrado que existe una respuesta inmune en el suero de pacientes cronicos clasificados segun las diferentes patologias Chagasicas, lo que implica la presencia activa de secrecion, bien por las celulas parasitadas o por parte de los parasitos extracelulares presentes en los fluidos biologicos de estos pacientes. La deteccion e inmunogenicidad de dichas regiones de las proteinas MASP presentes en las EVs sugiere un papel durante la enfermedad actuando como antigenos capaces de atraer hacia ellos la respuesta humoral del hospedador y evitando asi la respuesta dirigida directamente hacia el parasito. Esta respuesta conlleva la formacion de inmunocomplejos en dichos sueros formados por EVs que transportan las proteinas MASP inmaduras y anticuerpos. Los resultados obtenidos en la presente tesis demuestran que las EVs (y las regiones N- y C-terminales de las proteinas MASP en ellas contenidas) deben jugar un papel importante en la biologia y evasion inmunologica de Trypanosoma cruzi.
Inositol Deficiency Resulting in Death: An Explanation of Its Occurrence in Neurospora crassa

The incorporation of radio-active inositol and choline into the cytoplasmzic membranes of inositol-and choline-auxotrophic mnutants of Neuros-pora crassa revealed that the membrane of particles which contain proteases is relatively poor in lecithin and rich in inositol-phospholipid. In mycelia of the mutant requiring inositol, grown in a suboptimum amount of exogenous inositol, the strlctural initegrity of the protease particles is lost, and the bulk of intracellular protease activity is recovered in the soluble fraction of the cell. Death from this kind of inositol deficiency is interpreted as autolysis of the cytoplasm cautsed by free proteases.
Antenna selection for massive MIMO Kronecker channel models using non-central principal component analysis

Massive multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) is an emerging fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication technology. However, the deployment of large numbers of antennas and radio frequency (RF) chains needed at the base stations (BS) in massive MIMO brings challenges of high system complexity and hardware energy consumption. By using Kronecker channel modeling, a simple stochastic MIMO model for a narrowband channel is developed that uses the correlation matrices at the mobile station (MS) and BS. In this paper, two semi-heuristic techniques are proposed for practical antenna selection considering Kronecker channel modeling in a MU-MIMO broadcast system using principal component analysis (PCA). Therefore, the number of RF chains needed in massive MU-MIMO is reduced by removing the antennas that contribute least to the system sum capacity. A precoding technique of Zero Forcing is used and each user is equipped with a single antenna. Our simulation results show that the proposed antenna selection technique performs much better than mean channel gain selection.