Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of thinness using new international cut-off points among Santal tribal children and adolescents of Purulia District, West Bengal, India

Objectives: A community based cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of undernutrition using body mass index (BMI) among 7-18 year old Santal children and adolescents of Purulia District, West Bengal, India. Methods: A total of 421 (217 boys) children from ten villages was measured. Age and sex specific new international BMI (kg/m 2 ) based cut off values were used to evaluate nutritional status. Results: Although girls had greater mean weight and BMI than boys, these sex differences were not statistically significant. Moreover, boys and girls had almost similar mean heights. Although more girls (44.6%) than boys (38.3%) were undernourished, this sex difference was also not significant. The overall prevalence of thinness (41.3%) was very high among the studied Santal children and adolescents. Conclusion: The children and adolescents of both sexes were observed to be under serious and critical nutritional stress. (Key words: Thinness; BMI; boys; girls; Santal; undernutrition) Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health , 2011; 40 (3): 105-110 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/sljch.v40i3. 3507 (This DOI was corrected on 4/11/2011 so please use this version to refer to this article)
Review: Insulin secretion: function and therapy of pancreatic beta-cells in diabetes

Insulin is secreted from the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets in response to an elevation of blood glucose concentration. This review describes a current view of the metabolic control of insulin secretion and the molecular mechanisms involved, including the role played by the beta-cell to ensure correct release of insulin as a result of electrical signals. It then considers what goes wrong in type 2 diabetes, a disease resulting from insufficient insulin secretion. It focuses on the influence of genetics exploring the theory of a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes, as well as the roles played by age and obesity. Finally, the mode of action of the hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas is discussed and the potential implications for the beta-cell associated with a sulphonylurea-based therapy. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2005;5:187‐91
The Wolff–Parkinson–White electrocardiogram pattern in athletes: how and when to evaluate the risk for dangerous arrhythmias. The opinion of the paediatric cardiologist

Although diagnostic assessment and treatment have been described in detail in patients with symptomatic Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome, the management of asymptomatic subjects remains controversial. Usually they are assumed to have a benign prognosis, although they do very occasionally present with ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the first manifestation of the syndrome. Discovering a WPW pattern in a previously asymptomatic athlete on a routine electrocardiogram (ECG) identifies the necessity for more accurate screening tests. However, non-invasive methods (Holter monitoring, exercise treadmill testing) seem to be relatively incomplete for risk stratification, especially for athletes. Current guidelines do not always recommend a routine electrophysiological study (EPS) in patients with an asymptomatic WPW ECG pattern, especially in children younger than 12 years. Individuals who engage in high-risk occupations or those patients who have a pre-excitation pattern which precludes them from following their chosen career or activities may be exceptions. The presence of inducible reciprocating tachycardia during EPS, especially when it triggers atrial fibrillation with short RR interval, can represent a specific risk marker of dangerous arrhythmias.
Assessment of Depression and Cognitive Impairment Among Elders in Rural Housing Facilities

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are estimated to be 50% higher among elder public housing residents than among the general elderly population. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess for depression and cognitive impairment among rural elders in public housing. STUDY DESIGN: Assessments with 20 rural elders were completed using the PRIMEMD, Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D), the MedicalOutcomes Study–12-Item Short Form (SF-12), andMini-Mental State Exam. Data were analyzed using SYSTAT software. RESULTS: Major depression (25%,n = 5), minor depression (10%,n = 2), and cognitive impairment (25%,n = 5) were identified in this sample. Using the CES-D, depressive symptoms were reported by 50% of seniors in the previous week. Comparative analysis of instruments showed strong correlations for assessing for depression in this elderly sample. CONCLUSIONS: Because depression and cognitive impairment can often herald nursing home placements, nurses need to assess this at-risk population. The instruments used are reliable and can easily be used by nurses in clinical practice. Nursing case management including assessment, referrals, identification of community services, and patient and family education are critical to address these underrecognized disorders.
Correlation between heart rate variability and pulmonary function in adults

It is known that oxidative stress in lung disease is associated with a predominance of the sympathetic nervous system. This fact indicates a worse autonomic modulation, which is directly linked to heart rate variability (HRV). We aimed to investigate whether there is correlation between HRV and pulmonary function (PF) in healthy adults. One hundred and nineteen subjects aged 20-80 years were enrolled and performed spirometry. We assessed anthropometrics, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, tobacco history, and time and frequency domains of short-term HRV analysis (10-min at rest). Physical activity in daily life was evaluated by 7 days of triaxial accelerometry. Significant (p 1 (R 2 = 0,12) and FVC (R 2 = 0,18). We may conclude that there is a moderate but determinant association between HRV and pulmonary function. Whether strategies to enhance the autonomic modulation could slow the decline in lung function should be investigated.
Trends in the black-white life expectancy gap among US states, 1990-2009.

Nationwide differences in US life expectancy trends for blacks and whites may mask considerable differences by state that are relevant to policies aimed at reducing health inequalities. We calculated annual state-specific life expectancies for blacks and whites from 1990 to 2009 using age-specific mortality counts and census-based denominators. Nationally, the black-white difference in life expectancy at birth shrank during the period by 2.7 years for males (from 8.1 to 5.4 years) and by 1.7 years for females (from 5.5 to 3.8 years). We found considerable variation across states in both the magnitude of the life expectancy gap (approximately fifteen years) and the change during the past two decades (about six years). Decomposition analysis showed that New York made the most profound contribution to reducing the gap, but less favorable trends in a number of states, notably California and Texas, kept the gap from shrinking further. Large state variations in the pace of change in the racial gap in life expectancy suggest that state-specific determinants merit further investigation.
The botany survey: A longitudinal study of depression and cognitive impairment in an elderly population

An 8‐year‐long longitudinal study of elderly people in Botany (Sydney) has provided data on the prevalence, incidence and outcome of cognitive impairment and depression in this population. In 1985, a random sample of 146 persons aged 65 years or more, living in their own homes, were assessed using the Brief Assessment Schedule, depression ratings and cognitive tests. Follow‐up interviews were conducted after 2, 4, 6 and 8 years. Data from separate hostel and nursing home studies were used when estimating prevalence rates. The estimated prevalence and annual incidence of definite dementia in Botany were, respectively, 14% (3.5% severe) and 2.5%. Among elderly people living at home the prevalence of definite dementia was 11%; 23% of our community sample suffered dementia during the 8 years. The prevalence and minimum annual incidence of depressive disorders were, respectively, 12.5% and 2.0%. Among those living at home the prevalence was 12.3%. Dementia was associated with a high mortality rate, but the apparently increased mortality of depressed subjects did not reach significance, probably because numbers were relatively small; a high proportion of the deceased had comorbid cognitive impairment. Some depressions eventually remitted.
Physiological regularity of cardiovascular and spontaneous respiration series in healthy humans

All cardiovascular and respiratory series are characterized by a variable regular dynamics in human beings, underlying the complexity of the interactions among the control system, the target organs and external/endogenous stimuli. Conditional corrected entropy (CCE) provides information about the regularity of dynamic signal variations: the technique has been applied to R-R interval, non-invasive systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure and spontaneous respiratory signals from 15 healthy subjects monitored during quiet supine resting. As a regularity index (RI), ranging from 0 to 1, the difference between the minimum CCE and 1 has been calculated (mean value /spl plusmn/SD), resulting in an RI of 0.263/spl plusmn/0.090 for respiration, 0.500/spl plusmn/0.080 for systolic arterial pressure and 0.459/spl plusmn/009 for diastolic arterial pressure. Heart rate and respiratory dynamics appear to be more complex than arterial pressure dynamics.
Rational Drug Use of Nurses

ABSTRACT Objective: At this study to be aimed to assess status of the knowledge of nurses who working in public and private health institutions in Sivas province use of medication fort he treatment during their illnesses and patients and the attitudes of rational drug application. Matherials and methods: the researc planned to attend 750 nurses but it has been completed with participation of 641 nurses (Reaching rate 85,5%). This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. in the study data were collected with a questionaire, percentages stated and chi square test was used for analysis. Results: %95,3 of nurses were females and mean age of them 29.21±4.85 years. The rate of contacting a doktor in case of illness is higher in 39.1% of nurses in the 21-30 age group and 48.6% of nurses working in primary care institutions. The level of self-treating is higher in 45.5 % of nurses working less than a year in profession . In the case of illness, 53% of nurses stated that they had left the medicine when signs of disease over. %98.8 of nurses expressed that they know effects of drugs used and 99.1% of them stated they know the side effects of drugs used. The entire group of postgraduate education status stated that they have not received the drug recommended by others. The level of suggesting a drug to someone else fort he same disease is higher in 65.8% of the group 31 years and older and group working over 40 hours per week. It were determined that used in consultation with the physician 65.2% of nurses antibiotics, 87.5% of them weiht loss drug and 82.7% of them contraceptive . 99.5% of the nurses have expressed that they inform to patients about use of their medications. Among the issues that expressed informations took place the application form of drugs (51.0 %)and information of need to consult one if deemed one unexpected effect (59.6%) . Also has been identified that of nurses acquired inform about drugs from drug book (vademecum) (87.5 % ) and they save the remaining drugs in their home at the refrigator (50.9 %). Conclusions: Nurses who in young age group and have high education level more sensitive on rational drug use. Key Words: Nurses, Rational Drug Use, Knowledge,Attitude, Behaviour.
Reported Stroke Symptoms and their Associated Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally, and in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with hypertension being the predominant risk factor. At-risk individuals experience stroke symptoms but remain undiagnosed. However, no data exist on stroke symptoms and their associated factors in KSA. We assessed self-reported stroke symptoms and their association with pre-diabetes, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and health seeking behaviors. Methods: We conducted a nationally representative multistage survey of individuals aged 15 years or older on socio-demographic characteristics; tobacco consumption, diet, physical activity, health care utilization, different health related behaviors, and self-reported chronic conditions. We used a backward elimination multivariate logistic regression model to measure associations between symptoms of stroke and risk factors. Results: Between April and June 2013, a total of 12,000 households were contacted and a total of 10,735 participants completed the survey (response rate of 89.4%). Overall, 579 (4.8% age-adjusted) respondents reported experiencing at least one symptom of stroke, while 55 (0.4% age-adjusted) reported being previously diagnosed with a stroke. The likelihood of reporting symptoms of stroke was associated with sex, older age, high levels of physical activity, and a history of diagnoses of any of the following conditions: pre-diabetes, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Our study showed that a high percentage of Saudis reporting stroke symptoms have undiagnosed or uncontrolled blood pressure. Moreover, 61%% of those reporting stroke symptoms have never been to a doctor. Conclusions: Our study showed that a high percentage of individuals with suspected stroke have not sought medical care. Moreover, a large proportion of those with reported symptoms have uncontrolled conditions. To reduce the burden on stroke in KSA, prevention and control strategies should be accelerated with a focus on use of free preventive care services.
'Egocentric' Vaccination: The Authors Reply.

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HPV Prevalence and Detection of Rare HPV Genotypes in Hong Kong Women from Southern China with Cytological Abnormalities

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as the primary cause of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion and invasive cervical cancer. The emergence of various commercial HPV genotyping kits with different characteristics facilitates the detection of most high-risk and low-risk HPV genotypes, but the rare HPV types are usually underdiagnosed. In the present study, HPV detection was performed using the GenoFlow HPV Array Test kit (DiagCor Bioscience), which can identify 33 HPV subtypes by specific probes. Besides, a HPV consensus probe (universal probe) was designed to capture not only the 33 genotypes but also rare subtypes. Of the 1643 Southern Chinese women tested between 2012 and 2013, the HPV prevalence was 42.3%, with HPV 52 (139/1643, 8.5%), HPV 81 (89/1643, 5.4%), and HPV 16 (63/1643, 3.8%) being the most frequent subtypes detected. Among all 695 HPV-positive cases, 56 (8.1%) cases were only detected by the universal probe, in which 5 were either ASCUS or LSIL cases. Sequencing results confirmed HPV types 30, 91, and 74, and the intratypic variants of HPV 72 and 82 were present in the 5 cases. The result suggests that some rare HPV subtypes might be involved in cervical lesions.
Women With Breast Cancer Who Work For Accommodating Employers More Likely To Retain Jobs After Treatment.

Breast cancer affects one in eight women across the United States, and low-income minority survivors of breast cancer are at increased risk of job loss, compared to higher-income white survivors. Employer accommodations, such as schedule flexibility, have been associated with job retention in higher-income whites, but the role of such accommodations in job retention among low-income minorities is not well understood. We conducted a longitudinal study of 267 employed women ages 18-64 who were undergoing treatment for early-stage breast cancer and spoke English, Chinese, Korean, or Spanish. We categorized patients by income level and by race/ethnicity. The category with the lowest job retention after treatment was low-income women (57 percent). Job retention varied widely by race/ethnicity, ranging from 68 percent among Chinese women to 98 percent among non-Latina whites. Women who had accommodating employers were more than twice as likely to retain their jobs as those without accommodating employers. Low-income women were less likely than higher-income women to have accommodating employers, however. More uniform implementation of accommodations across low- and high-paying jobs could reduce disparities in employment outcomes among workers with a cancer diagnosis. Additional research is needed to better understand the barriers that employers, particularly those with low-income workers, may face in providing accommodations.
In Mexico, Evidence Of Sustained Consumer Response Two Years After Implementing A Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax.

Mexico implemented a 1 peso per liter excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages on January 1, 2014, and a previous study found a 6 percent reduction in purchases of taxed beverages in 2014. In this study we estimated changes in beverage purchases for 2014 and 2015. We used store purchase data for 6,645 households from January 2012 to December 2015. Changes in purchases of taxed and untaxed beverages in the study period were estimated using two models, which compared 2014 and 2015 purchases with predicted (counterfactual) purchases based on trends in 2012-13. Purchases of taxed beverages decreased 5.5 percent in 2014 and 9.7 percent in 2015, yielding an average reduction of 7.6 percent over the study period. Households at the lowest socioeconomic level had the largest decreases in purchases of taxed beverages in both years. Purchases of untaxed beverage increased 2.1 percent in the study period. Findings from Mexico may encourage other countries to use fiscal policies to reduce consumption of unhealthy beverages along with other interventions to reduce the burden of chronic disease.
Traitement du purpura thrombopénique idiopathique du sujet âgé

Le traitement du purpura thrombopenique idiopathique (PTI) est essentiellement empirique. Les indications therapeutiques reposent avant tout sur des recommandations d’experts et l’analyse de cohortes de patients n’incluant que peu de sujets âges. Neanmoins, ces dernieres annees, la connaissance de l’histoire « naturelle » du PTI a permis d’actualiser et de rationaliser ces recommandations (desescalade therapeutique), tout comme la realisation d’etudes repondant aux criteres requis par la medecine factuelle. Ainsi, le traitement actuel du PTI repose, chez l’adulte et chez le sujet âge, en 1 re intention sur l’abstention therapeutique, les corticoides ou les immunoglobulines polyvalentes intraveineuses, et en cas d’echec sur la splenectomie qui reste le seul traitement curateur du PTI chronique. En 2 e intention, l’utilisation d’anciennes molecules comme la dapsone et le danazol connait un second souffle. Enfin, la prise en charge du PTI chronique refractaire releve de therapeutiques innovantes en cours de developpement qui semblent prometteuses, notamment chez le sujet âge, tout particulierement les anticorps anti-CD20 (rituximab).
ECDC Threat Assessment Influenza of possible swine origin in human in Spain

- Marion Koopmans, Virologist Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), the Netherlands - Kristien van Reeth, Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium - World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe (EURO), Contributors: Roberta Andragetti & Caroline Brown - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Contributors: Carolyn Bridges, Lyn Finelli &Tim Ureki - ECDC Contributors: Angus Nicoll, Rene Snacken, Vicente Lopez, Evelyn Depoortere, Annick Lenglet & Johan Giesecke
The new American Heart Association 2020 goal: achieving ideal cardiovascular health

Cardiovascular diseases and stroke remain major threats to the public health of every nation and are expected to increase over the next 10 years. Many of the key metrics in the 2010 goal of the American Heart Association were achieved early, including exceeding a 25% reduction in deaths from cardiac disease and stroke. The new 2020 strategic goal for the American Heart Association (AHA) calls for improving the cardiovascular health of all Americans by 20% while continuing to decrease deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke by 20%. The AHA has identified Life's Simple 7 as the key health factors aimed at achieving ideal cardiovascular health.
Health information technology: strategic initiatives, real progress.

We fully agree with Carol Diamond and Clay Shirky that deployment of health information technology (IT) is necessary but not sufficient for transforming U.S. health care. However, the recent work to advance health IT is far from an exercise in "magical thinking. " It has been strategic thinking. To illustrate this, we highlight recent initiatives and progress under four focus areas: adoption, governance, privacy and security, and interoperability. In addition, solutions exist for health IT to advance rapidly without adversely affecting future policy choices. A broad national consensus is emerging in support of advancing health IT to enable the transformation of health and care.
The perception and beliefs on tuberculosis among traditional healers in Remo North Local Government Area, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria

With the aid of a pre-tested semi-structured interview questionnaire, 30 traditional healers in Remo North Local Government Area of Ogun State in the Southwestern part of Nigeria were identified by their certificate of apprenticeship. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess their knowledge on the symptoms of tuberculosis, their perceptions, beliefs and their practices as regards to the management of tuberculosis. A large percentage (60.0%) of the traditional healers knew the symptoms of tuberculosis but did not refer to the hospital because they believed that the disease is due to witchcraft, spells, poisons, eating forbidden food, familial causes, alcohol, cigarette smoking or mystical causes, and 70.0% rely on herbal concoctions to treat the disease. Intensive tuberculosis health education should be extended to traditional healers. Government through public health institutions should mobilize health educators and organize workshops to educate the traditional healers about tuberculosis. The referral system should be improved- that is, via these organized workshops. The traditional healers need to be conversant with early signs and symptoms of tuberculosis for early referral to the appropriate health institutions.
Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg Injuries in Young Male Track and Field Athletes

The PHV method requires serial measurements (i.e., chronological age, height, sitting height, and weight) during the years around the occurrence of peak growth velocity. Because standard deviations for age at PHV tend to be about one-half of values reported by longitudinal studies of matura-tion, this method appears to provide good accuracy for determination of maturation stage.