Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy. An analysis of risk factors.

BACKGROUND Insufficient data are available about the safety of oral anticoagulant therapy. The specialized organization of thrombosis services in the Netherlands can provide important information on the bleeding risk and various risk factors for bleeding in patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. METHODS In a follow-up study over a 12-month period beginning in January 1988 on all patients treated by the Leiden Thrombosis Service, the frequency of bleeding complications was assessed. A Poisson regression model was used to assess the relative contribution to the bleeding risk of age, sex, target zone (intensity of anticoagulant effect aimed at), achieved intensity of anticoagulant therapy (International Normalized Ratio), and the type of coumarin derivative used. RESULTS Six thousand eight hundred fourteen patients experienced 1003 bleeding complications (16.5 per 100 treatment-years), 162 of which were major bleeds (2.7 per 100 treatment-years). Bleeding increased significantly with age (32% increase for all bleeding, 46% for major bleeding for every 10-year increase in age in comparison with age < 40 years). Women had more minor bleeding complications than men, whereas both sexes experienced major bleeding in an equal frequency. There was no influence of target zone, while every one-point increase in International Normalized Ratio gave 42% more major bleeding (54% more regarding all bleeding). Use of acenocoumarol resulted in fewer bleeds (26% less regarding all bleeding and 46% less regarding major bleeding) than use of phenprocoumon. CONCLUSIONS The risk of anticoagulant therapy in a routine, real-life situation is similar as in the setting of several well-organized clinical trials. The risk of bleeding complications rises significantly with age and with the achieved intensity of anticoagulation, and is dependent on the type of coumarin derivative that is used.
Dual-band microstrip antennas for 5G and short-range applications

In this study, dual-band monopole antennas with a rectangular ring shape were designed. The antenna observed made in a dielectric substrate Rogers RT/duroid 5880. A parameter study is performed by variation of the dimension of the ring antennas and the dimension of the ground. It was shown, that by varying the ground sizes, a single-band, dual-band or wideband characteristics were obtained. Especially for a ground dimension of D=38 mm, two resonances at 3.19 GHz and 4.63 GHz were obtained, with a bandwidths of 240 MHz and 322 MHz, respectively. Measurements with a VNA gave the resonant frequencies at 3.17 GHz and 4.67 GHz, with bandwidths of 550 MHz and 190 MHz, respectively.
Mécanismes de discipline collective des dirigeants vs. mécanismes de réputation : une application au keiretsu financier japonais

This paper focuses on the mechanisms of collective control, such as in Japanese keiretsu, that are characterized by firms groupings, decentralized decision-makings and cross-shareholdings. We develop a model about these mechanisms based on initial incentive contracts offered by shareholders to the manager, with an asymmetric information and with a possibility of compensation payments. These mechanisms of control are compared to reputation control, the latter working on original discount process. The results are obtained with simulations. The efficiency of the collective control depends on the levels of discount coefficient and on the differences in effort costs and expected profits. The collective control tends to dominate for a larger number of environment states for which reputation is inefficient to maintain discipline over the manager only. On the other hand, the reputation appears to be especially for high discounting coefficients, low learning costs or periods, and for high values of accumulated reputation.
Does the WTO Matter

The world of multinational enterprises is changing dramatically. Their complex and dynamic international context presents them with special challenges – threatening their survival on one hand, and presenting them with unprecedented opportunities on the other. In this volume, international experts analyze different aspects of the transformations in global governance: ideological variations, trade governance, competition policy and the rise of civil society. They discuss the implications for multinational–government relations, multinationals’ self-governance, relations with NGOs and issues of competitiveness.
The Frequency of Executive Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Rehabilitation Inpatients

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of executive cognitive dysfunction in a sample of elderly patients in 2 rehabilitation wards in Wellington, New Zealand. All patients in 2 wards over a 2-month period were approached and invited to complete a brief neuropsychological battery. Sixty-two patients volunteered, of whom 52 completed at least 3 of the 4 measures of executive functioning. The frequency of executive dysfunction in the resulting sample of 52 was determined. Impaired executive function was defined as impaired performance on at least 2 executive function tests. The authors administered the Hayling-Brixton tests, the verbal fluency test, the Trail-Making Test, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Patients’ behavior was rated for executive problems on the Dysexecutive Questionnaire by themselves and by a nurse. The frequency of executive impairment was high at 13 out of 52 patients (25%). Only 1 of these 13 patients with executive difficulties was impaired according to their MMSE score. Screening for executive impairment among older rehabilitation inpatients is a necessary part of their medical management and rehabilitation. This should involve more than just administering the MMSE at admission. Several brief methods for screening for executive impairment are now available.
Dependent Risks and Ruin Probabilities in Insurance

Classical risk process models in insurance rely on independency. However, especially when modeling natural events, this assumption is very restrictive. This paper proposes a new approach to introducing dependency structures between events into the model and investigates its effects on a crucial parameter for insurance companies, the probability of ruin. Explicit formulas, numerical simulations and sensitivity results for dependence are established for different dependency models of first-order markovian type indicating that for various scenarios dependency considerably increases the probability of ruin.
The Use of IMMUs in a Water Environment: Instrument Validation and Application of 3D Multi-Body Kinematic Analysis in Medicine and Sport

The aims of the present study were the instrumental validation of inertial-magnetic measurements units (IMMUs) in water, and the description of their use in clinical and sports aquatic applications applying customized 3D multi-body models. Firstly, several tests were performed to map the magnetic field in the swimming pool and to identify the best volume for experimental test acquisition with a mean dynamic orientation error lower than 5°. Successively, the gait and the swimming analyses were explored in terms of spatiotemporal and joint kinematics variables. The extraction of only spatiotemporal parameters highlighted several critical issues and the joint kinematic information has shown to be an added value for both rehabilitative and sport training purposes. Furthermore, 3D joint kinematics applied using the IMMUs provided similar quantitative information than that of more expensive and bulky systems but with a simpler and faster setup preparation, a lower time consuming processing phase, as well as the possibility to record and analyze a higher number of strides/strokes without limitations imposed by the cameras.
Neoplastic conversion of human colon smooth muscle cells: No requirement for telomerase

The role of telomerase as an essential requirement for the neoplastic conversion of human cells has been controversial. In the model of conversion of normal human cells to cancer cells by the combination of simian virus 40 (SV40) early region genes and oncogenic Ras (H‐RasG12V), telomerase (hTERT) was originally described as essential in conjunction with these other genes. Here we used primary cultures of colon smooth muscle cells isolated from surgical specimens. SV40 large T antigen (TAg) and oncogenic RasG12V were introduced into the cells by retroviral transduction and cells were rapidly transplanted into the subrenal capsule space in immunodeficient mice, without selection in culture. Malignant tumors were formed from transduced cells. Extensive invasion into the kidney occurred even when tumors were small; in contrast, at the same tumor size, oncogene‐expressing fibroblasts did not show much invasion. Increased invasiveness was also observed in vitro. However, cells in these cancers showed morphological evidence of crisis, consistent with their lack of telomerase. These experiments on human colon smooth muscle cells support the concept that RasG12V and SV40 TAg form a minimal set of genes that can convert normal human cells to cancer cells without a requirement for hTERT. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The harming part of room acoustics in automatic speech recognition

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems used in real indoor scenarios suffer from different noise and reverberation conditions compared to the training conditions. This article describes a study which aims to (cid:2)nd out what are the most harming parts of reverberation to speech recognition. Noise in(cid:3)uences are left out. Therefore different real room impulse responses in different rooms and different speaker to microphone distances are measured and modi(cid:2)ed. The results of the recognition experiments with the related convoluted impulse responses clearly show the dependency of early and late as well as high and low frequency re(cid:3)ections. Conclusions concerning the design of a dereverberation method are made.
Improving of Acoustic Model for the Mongolian Speech Recognition System

The research of Mongolian speech recognition technology start comparatively late and it is still in its primary stage. In this paper, we optimized the basic resources of Mongolian speech recognition system, and we also improved the acoustic model of Mongolian speech recognition system, and this is most important. In this paper, we realized continuous HMM Gaussian mixture model and multiple data stream SCHMM model on the basis of context dependent phonetic model and decision tree method. And we compared the two models in performances. Finally, a large quantity of experiments have been taken to the testing set with HTK as an experimental platform by applying trigram language model and acoustic model which is composed of context dependent phonetic model, decision tree method and multiple data stream SCHMM model. We found system performance has been optimized, and system recognition accuracy rates of word and sentence have been greatly improved.
Intestinal inflammation induces genotoxicity to extraintestinal tissues and cell types in mice

Chronic intestinal inflammation leads to increased risk of colorectal and small intestinal cancers and is also associated with extraintestinal manifestations such as lymphomas, other solid cancers and autoimmune disorders. We have previously found that acute and chronic intestinal inflammation causes DNA damage to circulating peripheral leukocytes, manifesting a systemic effect in genetically and chemically induced models of intestinal inflammation. Our study addresses the scope of tissue targets and genotoxic damage induced by inflammation‐associated genotoxicity. Using several experimental models of intestinal inflammation, we analyzed various types of DNA damage in leukocyte subpopulations of the blood, spleen, mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes and in intestinal epithelial cells, hepatocytes and the brain. Genotoxicity in the form of DNA single‐ and double‐stranded breaks accompanied by oxidative base damage was found in leukocyte subpopulations of the blood, diverse lymphoid organs, intestinal epithelial cells and hepatocytes. The brain did not demonstrate significant levels of DNA double‐stranded breaks as measured by γ‐H2AX immunostaining. CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells were most sensitive to DNA damage versus other cell types in the peripheral blood. In vivo measurements and in vitro modeling suggested that genotoxicity was induced by increased levels of systemically circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, genotoxicity involved increased damage rather than reduced repair, as it is not associated with decreased expression of the DNA double‐strand break recognition and repair protein, ataxia telangiectasia mutated. These findings suggest that levels of intestinal inflammation contribute to the remote tissue burden of genotoxicity, with potential effects on nonintestinal diseases and cancer.
Dynamics of Small Business Financial Structure

A dynamic theory of the small firm is expounded, assuming entrepreneurs maximise business value over a finite time horizon. Its predicted trajectories for key financial variables depend on which of debt and equity are cheaper. The predictions are compared with empirical evidence constructed from three years of primary source data on one hundred and fifty new businesses. Evidence largely confirms predictions of the model, favouring a cheap equity view. As capital and sales rise steadily, debt is retired rapidly, except when interest rates on long-term debt are low. Dividends are usually deferred.
The acquired pellicle: immunofluorescent demonstration of specific proteins.

Sterile polished slabs of bovine enamel, mounted in small acrylic cylinders, were held in the mouth for 2 hours. The acquired pellicles deposited on the enamel surfaces were examined in situ on the slabs or after transfer to microscope slides. Indirect immunofluorescent staining in situ afforded positive identification of IgA and lysozyme in pellicles. The preferred technique required acid separation of the pellicle from the enamel, transfer to a microscope slide, and fixation in cold ethanol. Histochemically, this pellicle appeared to he predominantly basic. Results of indirect immunofluorescent tracing indicated that IgA and lysozyme were regular constituents of the pellicle, amylase and IgG were less consistently detected, and albumin and fibrinogen were rarely encountered.
Optical properties of brain tissue.

The single scattering properties (extinction coefficient and scattering function at small forward scattering angles) of bovine and swine brain were obtained from transmissometric measurements on thin slices of tissues at l=633 nm. Large differences between the optical properties of white and gray matter were observed, whereas minor differences were found between bovine and swine samples. For gray matter, values between 10 and 30 mm -1 were obtained for the extinction coefficient. The scattering function was strongly forward peaked, indicating a highly anisotropic scattering. For white matter, values between 100 and 250 mm -1 were measured for the extinction coefficient. These values were so large that it was impossible to obtain a sample thin enough to measure the scattering function in single scattering conditions.
Intragastric balloons for weight loss: Not just occupying space in the stomach

Intragastric balloon therapy for weight loss has been recently reintroduced in the United States as a treatment option for patients with obesity. Both the ReShape Integrated Dual Balloon System and the Orbera Intragastric Balloon System were approved for use by the FDA last summer based on randomized trials which demonstrated weight loss benefit over control groups even 6 months after device removal. The currently approved intragastric balloons overcome the issues of the first generation of intragastric balloons, including a lack of weight loss in randomized sham controlled trials (1). The mechanism of action of intragastric balloon therapy has also been studied. Research has demonstrated that at least 400 mL of volume is needed in an intragastric balloon in order to produce weight loss over control (2). The ineffective Garren-Edwards Bubble only had a volume of 220 mL, suggesting that at least one mechanism for weight loss with the intragastric balloon is occupation of space in the stomach.
Rendering objects with small elements based on their micro and macro structures

The paper presents a method to render objects which consist of numerous small elements such as fur and leaves. The method visualizes both an effect under the pixel size such as the dark shade of fur toward viewers and an effect over the pixel size such as the shape of fur at contours. As for the effect under the pixel size, the intensity is computed based on the microstructure such as shadows by adjacent fur. After the intensity is computed, the shape of each element is generated by sweeping a two dimensional color element and applying transparency filters. Since shape generation is a post process, parameters such as length, width, curvature and color of small elements can be modified without repeating the intensity computation. It is useful for interactive design. The method is especially suitable to create still images because it is intrinsically two dimensional and screen resolution dependent. However techniques to keep three dimensional consistency and avoid problems of discreteness are taken into account for animation.
Is Career Management the Panacea to Retaining Vital Staff

A continuing organizational issue for the management of human resource has been the retention of vital employees. As organizations battle to get the most from their existing people in an environment characterized by skill shortages, the role of human resource practices in fostering employee engagement and commitment is paramount. As firms and employees struggle to find a balance between career longevity and flexibility, the traditional role of career management as an inducement for individuals to stay with the firm is questioned. This paper reports the findings of an Australian study, which examined the current relationship between human resource management practices and the retention of vital employees working in nine organizations. Although past research has pointed to career management as a retention strategy tool, this research specifically points out that selection practices, remuneration and recognition are key factors which influence employee commitment and thereby retention. The findings of the study have salient implications for human resource academics and practitioners.
Identification and cloning of TCF‐1, a T lymphocyte‐specific transcription factor containing a sequence‐specific HMG box.

CD3‐epsilon expression is controlled by a downstream T lymphocyte‐specific enhancer element. We report the identification of a T cell‐specific transcription factor, TCF‐1, binding to this element. The multimerized recognition motif of TCF‐1 constituted a T cell‐specific enhancer. Subsequent cloning of TCF‐1 identified three splice alternatives. TCF‐1 contained a single DNA‐binding HMG box most closely related to similar boxes in the putative mammalian sex‐determining gene SRY and in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mc mating type gene. TCF‐1 mRNA was expressed uniquely in T lymphocytes. Upon cotransfection into non‐T cells, TCF‐1 could transactivate through its cognate motif. These results identify TCF‐1 as a T cell‐specific transcription factor, which might play a role in the establishment of the mature T cell phenotype.
Autonomously moving catalytic microellipsoids dynamically guided by external magnetic fields.

Advances toward the realization of smarter transport systemsrequire the design of artiﬁcial microengines with versatilemagneticproperties,capableofdistinguishingthedirectionsofmotion, and to make complete 1808 turns without losingcontrol.Here we report on a new technique for realizingparamagnetic catalytic microellipsoids, displaying all pre-viously mentioned properties. Our approach is based on theuseofjanusparamagneticellipsoidalparticleshalf-coatedwitha thin Pt layer and immersed in a H
Faster individual discrete logarithms with the QPA and NFS variants

Computing discrete logarithms in finite fields is a main concern in cryptography. The best algorithms known are the Number Field Sieve and its variants (special, high-degree, tower) in large and medium characteristic fields (e.g. $\mathrm{GF}(p^2)$, $\mathrm{GF}(p^{12})$); the Function Field Sieve and the Quasi Polynomial-time Algorithm in small characteristic finite fields (e.g. $\mathrm{GF}(3^{6 \cdot 509})$). The last step of this family of algorithms is the individual logarithm computation. It computes a smooth decomposition of a given target in two phases: an initial splitting, then a descent tree. While new improvements have been made to reduce the complexity of the dominating relation collection and linear algebra steps, resulting in a smaller factor basis (database of known logarithms of small elements), the last step remains of same difficulty. Indeed, we have to find a smooth decomposition of a typically large element in the finite field. This work improves the initial splitting phase and applies to any non-prime finite field. It is very efficient when the extension degree is composite. It exploits the proper subfields, resulting in a much more smooth decomposition of the target. This leads to a new trade-off between the initial splitting step and the descent step with QPA. Moreover it reduces the width and the height of the subsequent descent tree.
Overreaction Analysis In State-Owned Equities

This paper challenges the research hypothesis that psychological factors and market sentiment can influence and alter the trajectory of state-owned equities. For this purpose, an overreaction analysis was performed in a wide data spectrum consisting of daily returns of 184 state-owned enterprises operating in countries from three continents, over a ten year period divided in five biannual test periods. Portfolio separation and Cumulative Abnormal Returns generated no evidence towards the existence of overreaction phenomena across all test-periods. Average and Median Cumulative Abnormal Returns, tested with parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis, did not exhibit reversal patterns in the behavior of loser and winner portfolios, thus neutralizing the possibility of earlier overreaction in the state-owned stocks under study. The outcome concerning state-owned enterprises contrasts with the corresponding research hypothesis and outcomes in the literature regarding behavioral economics and overreaction effects in private enterprises.
Early outcomes of a sequential series of 144 patients with Dupuytren’s contracture treated by collagenase injection using an increased dose, multi-cord technique

Collagenase clostridium histolyticum is the first and only United States Food and Drug Association approved nonsurgical treatment for patients with a palpable Dupuytren’s contracture cord. However, the Food and Drug Association has only approved injection of 0.58 mg of this enzyme into one palpable Dupuytren’s contracture cord at a time. This review reports on the early outcome of 144 patients treated with the entire bottle of enzyme, approximately 0.78 mg, along with use of a novel slow intracord multi-cord technique. Use of 0.78 mg of enzyme, with the slow intracord multi-cord technique is safe and allows one to inject multiple Dupuytren’s contracture cords at one setting. Correction at metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints, taken individually, are comparable with the Collagenase Option for the Reduction of Dupuytren’s studies at 43° and 33°, respectively, however due to the multi-cord injection, we achieved 94° average immediate and 76° average final combined metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal contracture releases per bottle of enzyme. Implementation of the slow intracord multi-cord technique has the potential to improve current treatment for Dupuytren’s contracture with resultant significant healthcare savings.