Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classiﬁcation of Fatigue in Consumer-grade EEG Using Entropies as Features

Electroencephalogram (EEG) records electrical activity at diﬀerent locations in the brain. It is used to identify abnormalities and support the diagnoses of diﬀerent disease conditions. The accessibility of low-cost EEG devices has seen the analysis of this data become more common in other research domains. In this work, we assess the performance of using Approximate entropy, Sample entropy, and Reyni entropy as features in the classiﬁcation of fatigue from EEG data captured by a MUSE 2 headset. We test 5 classiﬁers: Naive Bayes, Radial Basis Function Network, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Best First Decision Tree. We achieved the highest accuracy of 77.5% using the Support Vector Machine classiﬁer and present possible enhancements to improve this.
Curing time effect on mesocosmic parameters of cemented paste backfill through particle flow code technique

Several special mechanical properties such as the dilatancy and compressibility of cemented paste backfilll (CPB) are controlled by the internal microstructure and its evolution. To explore the mesocosmic structure changes of CPB during the development process. Based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical test results of CPB, the particle size information of CPB was extracted, and a two-dimensional (2D) particle flow code (PFC) model of CPB was established to study the evolution rule of mesoscopic parameters during CPB development. The FISH language of the PFC was used to develop a program for establishing a PFC model according to SEM results. The mesoscopic parameters of CPB samples at different curing times, such as the coordination number (Cn), contact force chain, and rose diagram were obtained by recording and loading; these were used to analyze the intrinsic relationship between mesoscopic parameter variations and macroscopic mechanical response during CPB development. It is of great significance to establish the physical model of CPB by using PFC to reveal the mesoscopic structure of CPB.
Recurrent Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy induced Pancreatitis

Introduction Acute and recurrent pancreatitis is often categorized by etiology of pathogenesis namely, obstructive, toxic, infectious, and idiopathic. Mechanical ampullary obstruction by gallstones, biliary sludge, ascariasis, periampullary diverticulum, pancreatic or periampullary cancer, ampullary stenosis, duodenal stricture or obstruction are well described causes of acute and chronic pancreatitis [1]. However, the literature on iatrogenic mechanical ampullary obstruction such as by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) migration is much sparser.
IMPROVING HEALTH AND SAFETY ON CONSTRUCTION IN ROMANIA. A COMPARISON WITH IRELAND; LESSONS TO BE LEARNED

The purpose of health and safety procedures in the construction industry is to ensure the health, safety and wellbeing of workers. Due to high accident rates on construction sites internationally, health and safety legislation has focused on minimizing accident causation and promoting construction worker’s safety. However, little attempts has been made to research the effects of those health and safety interventions on the safety behavior on construction sites in Romania. Therefore, the objective of this research was to explore the health and safety improvements on construction sites in Ireland and compare these with the current state-of-play of the construction sector in Romania. Based on the findings in Ireland, an opportunity exists to improve Health and Safety performance on construction sites in Romania. The main findings demonstrate that the safety can be improved through the introduction of safe working systems, enhanced regulation and enforcement, the role of the management and increased staff awareness and training.
Online Multimedia Advertising: Techniques and Technologies

The explosive growth of multimedia data on the Internet creates huge opportunities for multimedia advertising. In this tutorial, we present the techniques and technologies for Internet multimedia advertising. The tutorial aims at bringing together recent insights from the research on multimedia advertising that addresses the theoretical fundamentals, solution concepts, and the issues related to the development of modern multimedia advertising schemes.
Targets or Limits for Management of Fisheries

Abstract A simple probability framework for precautionary risk assessment is suggested for fisheries management. The approach distinguishes between the concepts of target reference points (TRPs) and limit reference points (LRPs) in fisheries management. The use of LRPs formed a basis for international concensus at the 1995 United Nations Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. We demonstrate a methodology using the example of fishing mortality (F). An LRP such as the fishing mortality at maximum sustainable yield (F MSY) is set by management as an upper acceptable limit to the rate of exploitation. The acceptable level of risk, expressed as a probability that this LRP will be exceeded, also is chosen by managers. In addition, given some level of uncertainty as to the current estimate of F (expressed as its coefficient of variation), a “safe” TRP, in this case less than F MSY, can be calculated. We explore the implications of both normal and lognormal uncertainty in setting s.
A conserved transcriptional modification mediates nitrate reductase activation and NO production

Nitrate reductase is a central enzyme of nitrogen assimilation in plants. In a recent work, we have revealed MPK6 could phosphorylate Arabidopsis NIA2 at the serine 627 in hinge 2 region, this phosphorylation may represent a rapid activation mechnism when plant need excessive nitrate reduction. Interestingly, all eukaryotic NRs have conserved docking sequence in their FAD domains, and many plant NR proteins have the conserved MAPK phosphorylation site. Those indicated that phosphorylation of NR protein by MAP kinase cascade may be conserved in different species. We noticed that the phosphorylation of S627 residue by MPK6 have a specially influ ence on the NO generation. Although no homology of mammalian NOS has been identified in high plants, NR may still share a similar regulation mechanism with mammalian NOS.
Primisulfuron-Methyl Efficacy and Fate in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and Kentucky Bluegrass

Abstract Annual bluegrass is a problematic weed of Kentucky bluegrass turf that can be selectively controlled with POST applications of primisulfuron-methyl. The objective of this research was to evaluate physiological behavior of primisulfuron-methyl attributed to selectivity in these species. In application placement experiments, annual bluegrass shoot weight reductions from the nontreated from high to low were treatments including: foliar + soil ≥ soil only ≥ foliar. Annual bluegrass averaged 33 and 52% shoot weight reductions from the nontreated after 4 wk from primisulfuron-methyl at 40 and 80 g ha−1, respectively. Kentucky bluegrass shoot weight was not reduced from the nontreated, and application placements were similar. From five harvests ranging 1 to 168 h after treatment (HAT), annual and Kentucky bluegrass absorbed up to 25 and 32% of foliar applied 14C-primisulfuron-methyl, respectively. Both grasses distributed 15% of foliar absorbed 14C to nontreated shoots with minimal translocation (≤ 2%) to roots after 168 h. Annual bluegrass translocated 2 times more root-absorbed 14C to shoots than Kentucky bluegrass at 24, 72, and 168 HAT. From foliar uptake, the time required for annual and Kentucky bluegrass to degrade 50% of the absorbed herbicide to the major metabolite detected (Rf 0.1) measured > 168 and 93 h, respectively. In root metabolism experiments, annual bluegrass had ≈ 3 times and 2 times more primisulfuron acid in roots and shoots, respectively, than Kentucky bluegrass at 24, 72, and 168 HAT. The isolated acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzymes from the two grasses were equally susceptible to inhibition by primisulfuron-methyl. Overall, selectivity of primisulfuron-methyl for annual bluegrass control in Kentucky bluegrass is attributed to differential translocation and metabolism between species. Nomenclature: Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.); Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) ‘Midnight’.
Design of Monitoring and Control System of Electrical Equipment in Buildings based on Internet of Things

To realize the remote control and parameter monitoring of different electrical equipments, such as air conditioning equipments, lights and water pumps, etc., an Internet of Things for building electrical equipments is constructed and its network topology and functional structure are explored in this paper. In this Internet of Things, there exist three main functional blocks the wireless measurement and control block, the room controller and the environment block. The issues on the self-organization and protocol of the wireless sensor network, which is used for information exchange in these functional blocks, are also studied. What is more, an equipment-management system, which can communicate with the room controllers via Ethernet, is provided on the management computer to realize the remote control of building electrical equipments. At last, an example is given to show how the electrical equipments can be connected to the Internet of Things and be controlled remotely.
Emerging links between sugar metabolism, sugar signaling and ascorbate synthesis

*Correspondence to: Wim Van den Ende; Email: Wim.VandenEnde@bio.kuleuven. be Alkaline/neutral invertases (A/NInvs) are unique to plants and photosynthetic bacteria. Although considerable advances have been made in our understanding of sucrose metabolic enzymes in plants, the function of A/NInvs remained puzzling. In a recent study, we have analyzed the subcellullar localization of a cytosolic (At-A/NInvG, At1g35580) and a mitochondrial (At-A/N-InvA, At1g56560) Arabidopsis A/N-Inv. Unexpectedly, At-A/N-InvA knockout plants showed a more severe growth defect than At-A/N-InvG knockout plants and a link between the two A/N-Invs and oxidative stress defense was found. Overexpression of At-A/NInvA and At-A/N-InvG in leaf mesophyll protoplasts reduced the activity of the ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APX2) promoter, that was stimulated by hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid. It is discussed here how sugars and ascorbate might contribute to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species homeostasis. We hypothesize that both mitochondrial and cytosolic A/NInvs and mitochondria-associated hexokinases are key mediators, integrating metabolic and sugar signaling processes.
Effects of short‐term drainage and aeration on the production of methane in submerged rice soil

Emission rates of CH4 were measured in microcosms of submerged soil which were planted with rice. Drainage of the rice microcosms for 48 h resulted in drastically decreased CH4 emission rates which only slowly recovered to the rates of the undrained controls. Drainage also resulted in drastically increased sulphate concentrations which only slowly decreased to nearly zero background values after the microcosms were submerged again. The mechanisms responsible for the decrease of CH4 production by aeration were investigated in slurries of a loamy and a sandy Italian rice soil. Incubation of the soil slurries under anoxic conditions resulted first in the reduction of nitrate, sulphate and ferric iron before CH4 production started. Incubation of the soil slurries for 48 h under air resulted in immediate and complete inhibition of CH4 production. Although the soil slurries were then again incubated under anoxic conditions (N2 atmosphere), the inhibition of CH4 production persisted for more than 30 days. The redox potential of the soil increased after the aeration but returned within 15 days to the low values typical for CH4 production. However, the concentrations of sulphate and of ferric iron increased dramatically after the aeration and stayed at elevated levels for the period during which CH4 production was inhibited. These observations show that even brief exposure of the soil to O2 allowed the production of sulphate and ferric iron from their reduced precursors. Elevated sulphate and ferric iron concentrations allowed sulphate‐reducing and ferric iron‐reducing bacteria to outcompete methanogenic bacteria on H2 as common substrate. Indeed, concentrations of H2 were decreased as long as sulphate and ferric iron were high so that the Gibbs free energy of CH4 production from H2/CO2 was also increased (less exergonic). On the other hand, concentrations of acetate, the more important precursor for CH4, were not much affected by the short aeration of the soil slurries, and the Gibbs free energy of CH4 production from acetate was highly exergonic suggesting that acetotrophic methanogens were not outcompeted but were otherwise inhibited. Aeration also resulted in increased rates of CO2 production and in a short‐term increase of N2O production. However, these increases were < 10% of the decreased production of CH4 and did not represent a trade‐off in terms of CO2 equivalents. Hence, short‐term drainage and aeration of submerged paddy fields may be a useful mitigation option for decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases.
Ingestion and Defecation of Recombinant and Wild-Type Nucleopolyhedroviruses by Scavenging and Predatory Arthropods

Abstract Wild-type and recombinant nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) were compared with respect to their potential for environmental transport by the predatory spined soldier bug Podisus maculiventris (Say), the scavenging fly Sarcophaga bullata (Parker), and the house cricket Acheta domesticus (L.). Viruses tested were variants of Autographa californica (Speyer) NPV (AcNPV): wild-type virus (AcNPV.WT), AcNPV expressing a scorpion toxin (AcNPV.AaIT), and AcNPV expressing a mutated juvenile hormone esterase (AcJHE.SG). All three insects ingested Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) larvae infected with or killed by each of the three NPVs. The type of virus that killed T. ni larvae did not affect feeding preference of the cricket or fly. The cumulative survival curves for the three nontarget insects did not depend on whether they ingested AcNPV.WT-infected, recombinant-infected, or uninfected T. ni. Thus, direct effects of the recombinant viruses on nontarget organisms probably are similar to those by wild-type NPV. Within 5 d after ingesting virus-infected larvae, all three nontarget insects voided >1,000 times the median lethal dose of each NPV against neonatal Heliothis virescens (F.). All three insects defecated significantly more AcJHE.SG virus than the other viruses. Thus, AcNPV.AaIT and AcJHE.SG potentially can be transported away from a release site by the predator and the two scavengers and thereby contact additional nontarget species.
Involvement of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and interleukin-1β in Wallerian degeneration

Wallerian degeneration in the CNS and PNS consists of degradation and phagocytosis of axons and their myelin sheath distal to the site of injury. This process of degeneration, which requires an effective macrophage response, occurs rapidly in peripheral nerves but is slow in the CNS. Rapid Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerves may contribute to subsequent axonal regeneration. We show that there is a marked increase in mRNA expression of three pro-inflammatory molecules, the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), and the cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in the mouse sciatic nerve but not in the spinal cord undergoing Wallerian degeneration. Neutralizing MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and IL-1beta in the lesioned sciatic nerve with function-blocking antibodies suppressed macrophage responses and myelin clearance. Injecting recombinant MCP-1, MIP-1alpha or IL-1beta into the normal, uninjured spinal cord triggered the expression of a number of chemokines and cytokines. Furthermore, injecting recombinant MCP-1/MIP-1alpha or IL-1beta into the dorsal column of the spinal cord undergoing Wallerian degeneration triggered rapid macrophage/microglial activation and myelin clearance. These findings provide direct evidence that MCP-1, MIP-1alpha and IL-1beta are important regulators of macrophage responses that lead to rapid myelin breakdown and clearance in Wallerian degeneration.
Devolving healthcare services redesign to local clinical leaders: does it work in practice?

PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to present the findings arising from a three year research project which investigated a major system-wide change in the design of the NHS in England. The radical policy change was enshrined in statute in 2012 and it dismantled existing health authorities in favour of new local commissioning groups built around GP Practices. The idea was that local clinical leaders would "step-up" to the challenge and opportunity to transform health services through exercising local leadership. This was the most radical change in the NHS since its inception in 1948. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH The research methods included two national postal surveys to all members of the boards of the local groups supplemented with 15 scoping case studies followed by six in-depth case studies. These case studies focused on close examination of instances where significant changes to service design had been attempted. FINDINGS The authors found that many local groups struggled to bring about any significant changes in the design of care systems. But the authors also found interesting examples of situations where pioneering clinical leaders were able to collaborate in order to design and deliver new models of care bridging both primary and secondary settings. The potential to use competition and market forces by fully utilising the new commissioning powers was more rarely pursued. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings carry practical implications stemming from positive lessons about securing change even under difficult circumstances. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The paper offers novel insights into the processes required to introduce new systems of care in contexts where existing institutions tend to revert to the status quo. The national survey allows accurate assessment of the generalisability of the findings about the nature and scale of change.
Selecting Communication Artifacts for Requirements Engineering

: In this paper, we identify and explicate the factors that lead organizations to select particular communication artifacts in the requirements engineering (RE) process and to determine the communication artifacts that they prefer in particular RE phases and with which RE methods. We do so to improve RE communication. Information systems (IS) projects often fail due to poorly specified or misunderstood requirements. We articulate a process framework for RE, which serves as a basis for our discussing and analyzing RE communication artifacts. In doing so, we extend the RE process by adding two transitional phases (pre-validation and pre-approval) to ensure that organizations identify all of the essential requirements. We employ qualitative methods to identify the criteria for selecting communication artifacts. We discover that organizational culture plays a key role in this process. Our findings suggest that the traditional phases occur more in organizations that use waterfall development processes than in organizations that agile development methods.
The Effects of Potassium Fluoride and Potassium Laurate on pH Gradients in Streptococcus downeii

The ability of Streptococcus downeii MFe28 to maintain a transmembrane pH gradient at low extracellular pH values (pH E ) was tested. Carbohydrate-depleted cells were suspended in peptone-glucose-KCI medium buffered with potassium phosphate-citrate to pH values between 4.0 and 7.0. pH E was measured with a pH meter after 30 min equilibration at 20°C and intracellular pH(pH 1 ) calculated from the distribution of 14 C-benzoate using 3 H-inulin as an extracellular marker. Internal volume was determined as the difference in volume occupied by 14 C-carboxyinulin and 3 H-water. Cells maintained a positive ΔpH(H 1 -pH E ) over the pH range 4.0-7.0 with a maximum value when pH E =5.0. Depletion of energy by the omission of glucose collapsed the gradients (ΔpH = 0), as did the addition of an uncoupling agent (carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone) or a weak acid (potassium laurate). In contrast, potassium fluoride produced a negative ΔpH when pH E =5.5-6.0. It is suggested that fluoride preferentially inhibits the F 0 component of the proton-translocating membrane ATPase which leads to internal acidification and the subsequent inhibition of glycolysis. Keywords: Streptococcus downeii ; pH gradients; Fluoride; Lauric acid; F 0 F 1 -ATPase.
Swelling and enzymatic hydrolysis of starch in low water systems.

Abstract The matrix effects of starch to water ratio, temperature and time on the gelatinisation, swelling and enzymatic ( alpha -amylase) hydrolysis of five starches (waxy maize, maize, wheat, tapioca and potato) were investigated. It was established that by controlling the extent of gelatinisation with appropriate incubation conditions, some residual order could be retained. With starch to water ratios of 1:1, the amount of residual order represented 67·5, 40·9, 37·7, 30·3 and 15·1 for waxy maize, maize, wheat, tapioca and potato starches respectively. Whilst gelatinisation was controlled by the availability of water together with temperature and time, the effect on swelling was more marked. This reflects the fact that although granule order may be (just) lost under limiting (water) conditions, the expansion of amorphous material is more extensively moderated when water is restricted. Under the conditions investigated, the amount of hydrolysis exceeded the swelling factor which shows that although the granules may be only partially swollen, they are susceptible to amylase hydrolysis and hence potentially digestion. However, the amount of hydrolysis is also intimately related to the extent of gelatinisation which has important implications to food, alcohol production and other industrial processes.