Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vocal discrimination of African lions and its potential for collar-free tracking

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that African lions (Panthera leo) have the ability to discriminate between conspecific vocalisations, but little is known about how individual identity is conveyed in the spectral structure of roars. Using acoustic – accelerometer biologgers that allow vocalisations to be reliably associated with individual identity, we test for vocal individuality in the fundamental frequency (f0) of roars from 5 male lions, firstly by comparing simple f0 summary features and secondly by modelling the temporal pattern of the f0 contour. We then assess the application of this method for discriminating between individuals using passive acoustic monitoring. Results indicate that f0 summary features only allow for vocal discrimination with 70.7% accuracy. By comparison, vocal discrimination can be achieved with an accuracy of 91.5% based on individual differences in the temporal pattern of the f0 sequence. We further demonstrate that passively recorded lion roars can be localised and differentiated with similar accuracy. The existence of individually unique f0 contours in lion roars and their relatively lower attenuation indicates a likely mechanism enabling individual lions to identify conspecifics over long distances. These differences can be exploited by researchers to track individuals across the landscape and thereby supplement conventional lion monitoring approaches.
Cancer-immune system interplay in the tumor microenvironment

Chemotherapeutics, including the platinum compounds oxaliplatin (OXP) and cisplatin (CDDP), are standard care of treatment for cancer. Although chemotherapy has long been considered immunosuppressive, evidence now suggests that certain cytotoxic agents can efficiently stimulate anti-tumor responses, through the induction of a form of apoptosis, called immunogenic cell death (ICD). ICD is characterized by exposure of calreticulin and heat shock proteins (HSPs), secretion of ATP and release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Proper activation of the immune system relies on the integration of these signals by dendritic cells (DCs). Studies on the crucial role of DCs, in the context of ICD, have been performed using mouse models or human in vitro-generated monocyte-derived DCs, which do not fully recapitulate the in vivo situation. Here, we explore the effect of platinum-induced ICD on phenotype and function of human blood circulating DCs. Tumor cells were treated with OXP or CDDP and induction of ICD was investigated. We show that both platinum drugs triggered translocation of calreticulin and HSP70, as well as the release of ATP and HMGB1. Platinum treatment increased phagocytosis of tumor fragments by human blood DCs and enhanced phenotypic maturation of blood myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs. Moreover, upon interaction with platinum-treated tumor cells, CD1c+ DCs efficiently stimulated allogeneic proliferation of T lymphocytes. Together, our observations indicate that platinum-treated tumor cells may exert an active stimulatory effect on human blood DCs. In particular, these data suggest that CD1c+ DCs are critical mediators of immune responses induced by ICD.
Community Characteristics in COVID-19 Preventive Precautions

The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia until April 25, 2020 was 8.211 cases and already tends to increase every day. To reduce the increase in cases, it’s important to make efforts to prevent transmission of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between community characteristics with COVID-19 prevention. The study design used cross-sectional with 350 samples that were ≥15 years old and domicile in Semarang. Samples were selected by random sampling technique. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using the Logistic Regression Test. The result of this research is known that there was a relationship between age, education, and occupation toward social distancing (p<0.05); sex, age, and education level toward mask-wearing (p<0.05); age, education level, and occupation toward using hand sanitizer using (p<0.05) statistically. It can be concluded that community characteristics are related to COVID-19 preventive precautions.
Morphological variations of the winged pearl oyster Pteria penguin (Roding, 1798) from South China Sea

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the morphological variations of Pteria penguin (Roding, 1798) in wild as well as cultured populations from South China Sea. A total of 307 samples were collected from five different geographic locations comprising three wild (Pop. 1, 2 and 4) and two cultured (Pop. 3 and 5) populations and 10 measured traits were analysed. Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the morphological variations in the collected samples. Results showed a low intra-population variation within the five sampled populations. Multivariate analyses indicated that the five populations were more or less differentiated on the basis of body characters, particularly those related to major dimensions of the shell outline and their ratios. Discriminant analysis revealed that the overall random assignment of individuals into their original groups was high (81.8%), indicating that these populations are highly divergent from each other. The proportion of individuals correctly classified into their original groups was 96.9, 76.7, 75.0, 78.0 and 82.0% for populations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Cluster analysis showed highest morphological variation between Pop.1 and Pop. 2. All other populations (Pop.3, Pop.4 and Pop.5) were found to be morphologically similar and consistent with the respective geographical location. Results of the present study will be of use in resource assessment and management of P. penguin in the South China Sea.
Efficacy and Safety of Continuing Sitagliptin when Initiating Insulin Therapy in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) are often discontinued with initiation of insulin therapy but the impact of this discontinuation on efficacy and hypoglycemia has not been studied. In this double-blind trial the safety and efficacy of initiating insulin while continuing sitagliptin (SITA) was evaluated. Eligible patients had inadequately controlled T2DM on metformin (MET, ≥ 1500 mg/day) in dual or triple combination therapy with a DPP-4i and/or sulfonylurea. Those on MET + SITA (100 mg/day) directly entered the trial; all others were switched to MET + SITA and stabilized during a run-in period. Subjects were randomized to continuing SITA or discontinuing SITA and switching to matching placebo, with both groups initiating insulin (LANTUS®), which was titrated based on fasting glucose. 746 subjects (mean A1C 8.8%, disease duration 10.6 years) were randomized. After 30 weeks, continuing SITA was superior to discontinuing SITA in reducing A1C (p In summary, with the initiation of insulin therapy, continuation of SITA resulted in superior glycemic efficacy and less documented symptomatic hypoglycemia. Disclosure R. Roussel: Advisory Panel; Self; AbbVie Inc., Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk A/S, AstraZeneca. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Servier. Consultant; Self; Bayer AG. Advisory Panel; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Research Support; Self; Amgen Inc., Sanofi, Novo Nordisk A/S, Danone Research. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Iriade. Advisory Panel; Self; Physiogenex S.A. S. S. Duran-Garcia: None. Y. Zhang: None. S. Shah: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. C. Darmiento: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. R. Shankar: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Employee; Spouse/Partner; NGM Biopharmaceuticals. E.A. O9Neill: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. G.T. Golm: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. R.L. Lam: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. I. Gantz: Employee; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. K.D. Kaufman: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. S.S. Engel: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.
Promoted Urbanization of the Countryside: The Case of Santiago’s Periphery, Chile (1980–2017)

Urbanization of the countryside affects rural areas, especially in the immediate surroundings of large cities. Normally, this occurs as an unpromoted process, but in Chile, it is driven by the legal framework. This research focuses on rural residential plots (RRPs) around the capital city, Santiago. The analysis seeks to understand the significance and consequences of RRPs during the last four decades and the role of a favorable legal framework in affecting their development. By examining data and official cartography on rural residential plots, the analysis shows a large phenomenon of rapid RRP development in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile (MR). The study confirms the existence of an ongoing process that is still partially latent and potentially both uncontrolled and evolving. This work demonstrates the negative effect that land liberalization policies can have by promoting territorial transformations that policymakers cannot subsequently control. The conclusions provide a critical perspective on the counter-urbanization process in the context of fragility and scarce resources.
Blood flow in a stenotic artery with temperature‐dependent viscosity

We investigate the effects of temperature‐dependent viscosity variations on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in an artery in the presence of stenosis. The dimensionless governing equations have been solved using the implicit finite difference method. The local skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number at the lower and upper walls are found to be stronger with the increase of stenosis. With the change of position of the upper stenosis, the skin friction and the Nusselt number at the lower plate demonstrate distinct characteristics. A remarkable result is that when the viscosity variation parameter is increased, the vortices following the stenosis become smaller in size. Moreover, the size of vortices increases with the increase of stenosis, whereas it is found to decrease owing to the change of position of the upper stenosis.
The Effects of Consistency among Simultaneous Forecasts on Weather-Related Decisions

People access weather forecasts from multiple sources [mobile telephone applications (“apps”), newspapers, and television] that are not always in agreement for a particular weather event. The experiment reported here investigated the effects of inconsistency among forecasts on user trust, weather-related decisions, and confidence in user decisions. In a computerized task, participants made school-closure decisions on the basis of snow forecasts from different sources and answered a series of questions about each forecast. Inconsistency among simultaneous forecasts did not significantly reduce trust, although inaccuracy did. Moreover, inconsistency may convey useful information to decision-makers. Not only do participants appear to incorporate the information provided by all forecasts into their own estimates of the outcome, but our results also suggest that inconsistency gives rise to the impression of greater uncertainty, which leads to more cautious decisions. The implications for decisions in a variety of domains are discussed.
Identifying and Mapping Implemented Variabilities in Java and C++ Systems using symfinder

Variability is present in most modern object-oriented softwareintensive systems, despite that they commonly do not follow a product line approach. In these systems, variability is implicit and hardly documented as it is implemented by different traditional mechanisms, namely inheritance, overloading, or design patterns. This hampers variability management as automatic identification of variation points (vp-s) with variants is very difficult. symfinder is a symmetry-based tooled approach that enables automatic identification of potential vp-s with variants in such systems. Then, it visualizes them relying on their density in code assets. From the Java-only version presented at SPLC'2019, we present here several notable improvements. They concern an added support for C++ systems, the identification of vp-s implemented by Decorator and Template pattern instances, an enhanced visualization (e.g., to display all variants, and package coloring), as well as automation of the mapping of potential vp-s to domain features.
Toxicity assessment of Tehran water treatment sludges using bioassay tests

Abstract The 48-, 72- and 96-h acute toxicity and 14-d chronic toxicity of the sludge of treatment plant No. 1, 3 and 5 were examined based on the survival percentage and fertility changes of Daphnia magna and Eisenia fetida. The highest percentage of D. magna death in the acute toxicity test appeared in treatment plant No. 1 sludge sample. The 48-h and 72-h LC50 of treatment plant No. 1 sludge on D. magna were calculated to be 86.81 and 44.307% volume of the sludge, respectively. The release of untreated sludge into the environment could adversely affect the life of organisms.
Financial Literacy and French Behaviour on the Stock Market

This article looks back over the different dimensions of financial literacy: theoretical, methodological, empirical and political. The theoretical foundations of the notion of financial literacy are presented with reference to recent contributions by psychological or behavioural economics: “household finance” refers to the concept of financial literacy based on the empirical dead-ends of standard saver theory. This raises the fundamental question as to how to measure and evaluate financial literacy. Here, we are especially interested in the empirical robustness of a standard measure of financial literacy based on three straightforward questions (interest calculations, notion of inflation and risk diversification). Is this measure adequate or do other definitions need to be developed? We use original data from a survey conducted in 2017 that proposes alternative measures. Our results show that the measure in most studies seems a good proxy for a more global measure based on a larger battery of similar questions. Nevertheless, the global measure improves the statistical quality of the measure even though this more sophisticated measure does not statistically significantly improve behavioural regressions.
Detection of Potential Controversial Issues for Social Sustainability: Case of Green Energy

More and more people are involved in sustainability-related activities through social network to support/protect their idea or motivation for sustainable development. Understanding the variety of issues of social pulsation is crucial in development of social sustainability. However, issues in social media generally change overtime. Issues not identified in advance may soon become popular topics discussed in society, particularly controversial issues. Previous studies have focused on the detection of hot topics and discussion of controversial issues, rather than the identification of potential controversial issues, which truly require paying attention to social sustainability. Furthermore, previous studies have focused on issue detection and tracking based on historical data. However, not all controversial issues are related to historical data to foster the cases. To avoid the above-mentioned research gap, Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in issue detection in the early stage. In this study, an AI-based solution approach is proposed to resolve two practical problems in social media: (1) the impact caused by the number of fan pages from Facebook and (2) awareness of the levels for an issue. The proposed solution approach to detect potential issues is based on the popularity of public opinion in social media using a Web crawler to collect daily posts related to issues in social media under a big data environment. Some analytical findings are carried out via the congregational rules proposed in this research, and the solution approach detects the attentive subjects in the early stages. A comparison of the proposed method to the traditional methods are illustrated in the domain of green energy. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed approach is accurate and effective and therefore it provides significant contribution to upsurge green energy deployment.
Determinants of Farm Income in Jorhat District of Assam

The present study was conducted in Jorhat District of Assam to study the factors affecting the farm household income and formulating some policies based on the identified factors. The study was based on sample survey employing multistage random sampling technique and a total number of 120 sample farmers consisting 72 marginal, 22 small, 14 medium and 12 large farmers were selected for generating primary data. A multiple log linear regression analysis was done to work out the factors affecting farmer’s income. Out of the seven identified factors, four factors viz., education level of the respondents, size of land holding, social participation & extension contact and number of income sources were found significant. The relationship of all the variables was found to be positive with the income of the households. Inclusion of agriculture as a subject in the school level; motivation of farmers towards co-operative farming; strengthening the extension contact; dissemination knowledge regarding marketing of the produce, multiple cropping and integrated farming, creation of self help groups amongst the farmers etc. maybe some of policy measures to increase the farm income in the study area.
Cyclone intensification in the Kuroshio region and its relation to the sea surface temperature front and upper‐level forcing

The Northwest Pacific features strong sea surface temperature (SST) gradients providing favourable conditions for wintertime cyclone intensification in the midlatitudes. To estimate the relative contribution of the SST front to the evolution of cyclones and identify the mechanisms for cyclone intensification, we track individual cyclones and categorise them depending on their propagation relative to the SST front. We focus on cyclones remaining on either the cold or warm side of the SST front, as well as those crossing the SST front from the warm to the cold side. Cyclones crossing the SST front or remaining on its warm side propagate near the left exit region of the jet and are associated with higher precipitation, consistent with higher moisture availability and cyclone intensity. Comparing the different cyclone categories, there is no direct effect of the SST front on cyclone intensification. However, the SST front contributes to the climatological low‐level baroclinicity, providing a conducive environment for cyclone intensification for the cyclones crossing the SST front. Compared with the Gulf Stream region, the land–sea contrast plays a less prominent role for the low‐level baroclinicity in the Kuroshio region.
The hepatic effects in dams that ingested 2-aminoanthracene during gestation and lactation

Diabetes mellitus has been on a continual rise as one of the top chronic diseases to affect individuals worldwide. The goal of this study was to determine how exposure from a well-known toxicant, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon called 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), could potentially lead to diabetes, damage the liver, and have negative effects to the offspring. Humans are exposed to 2AA from foods cooked in high heat and tobacco smoke, among others. To analyze the effects of 2AA, three groups of Sprague Dawley dams consumed an adulterated 2AA diet from gestation to their postnatal period. Timed-pregnant dams ingested 0 mg/kg (control group (C)), 50 mg/kg (low dose group (LD)), and 100 mg/kg (high dose group (HD)) 2AA. Hepatic gene expressions of Adam8, Bax, Ccng1, CD68, CD93, Cdkn1c, and Ddit4 indicated a significant overexpression of Bax, Ccng1, CD68, CD93, and Cdkn1c in treated groups. Although there was no significant difference in the damage to the liver architecture by 2AA, the positively stained CD68+ cells were slightly increased in treated rats. Significant decreases in the albumin and aspartate aminotransferase levels might indicate an inflammatory response from 2AA exposure in dams. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration was also decreased, in contrast to studies of liver cirrhosis that reported increased serum IgA concentration. Overexpression of genes Ddit4, Cdkn1c, Ccng1, Bax, CD93, and CD68 point to hepatic inflammation and apoptosis. Overall results suggest a link between environmental 2AA exposure and adverse liver effects, which has potential to increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and other diseases.
Investigating plastid genome evolution in heterotrophic plants and the use of structural changes to the plastid genome as phylogenetic markers

Photosynthesis is the hallmark of plant evolution; the vast majority of plants are autotrophic and rely entirely on this process to fix carbon. As a consequence, the plastid genome (or plastome) is highly conserved across land plants with respect to its size, synteny, and gene content. Owing to this predictable structure as well as the low rates of nucleotide substitution, the plastome is a useful source of data for addressing phylogenetic questions. I use a rare structural change to the plastome as a phylogenetic marker to address the position of Gnetales within seed plants which has been difficult to resolve. The loss of all eleven plastid ndh genes support a 'gnepine' hypothesis or the placement of Gnetales as sister to Pinaceae. About 1% of flowering plants have lost all or some of their photosynthetic ability. These so-called heterotrophic plants are capable of obtaining water and/or nutrients from a host and are divided into two distinct groups: haustorial parasites, and mycoheterotrophs. In extreme cases, fully heterotrophic plants have completely lost the ability to photosynthesize. The phylogenetic position of heterotrophic plants has been difficult to resolve due to extensive changes to plastome size, structure, and content. Broad-scale angiosperm phylogenies indicate that the haustorial parasitism has evolved at least 11 times independently and there are at least 10 independent origins of mycoheterotrophy among land plants. Using a Southern hybridization approach combined with an extensive taxon sampling, I investigated the evolution of plastome protein coding gene content in parasitic Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) and mycoheterotrophic Ericaceae. Common patterns include the early loss of the plastid ndh genes and extreme reduction in coding content of achlorophyllous species. A most intriguing result is the apparent loss of all plastid genes, including the highly conserved
Effects of feeding ISA brown and Shaver white layer breeders with sources of n-3 fatty acids on hatching egg profiles, apparent embryonic uptake of egg components, and body composition of day-old chicks

Abstract: Effects of feeding ISA brown and Shaver white breeders sources of n-3 fatty acids (FA) on egg components, apparent embryonic uptake (AEU) of egg components, and hatching body composition were examined. A total of 240 females and 30 males per each strain were fed either: (1) control (CON); (2) CON + 1% of dried microalgae (DMA), as a source of docosahexaenoic acid; or (3) CON + 2.60% of dry extruded product consisting of full-fat flaxseed (FFF), as a source of α-linolenic acid for 30 d. Eggs were incubated and the residual yolks (RY) sampled at hatch for AEU of dry matter (DM), minerals, and organic matter (OM). Feeding n-3 FA sources reduced the AEU of OM and minerals resulting in a higher ratio of RY to body weight (P = 0.002). Feeding FFF increased body fat and decreased lean in Shaver white hatchlings compared with CON (P < 0.05). The body mineral was reduced by feeding DMA compared with other treatments (P < 0.05). The change in body composition in response to feeding of n-3 sources was associated with the change in AEU of DM, OM, and minerals, not the concentration of these components in the yolk.