Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The olive knot disease: its inception, development, and control

Abstract does not appear. First page follows. Introduction In 1931 the College of Agriculture was asked to investigate the olive knot disease, caused by Bacterium savastanoi E. F. S. , then becoming serious in various districts of the Sacramento Valley. Despite the excellent work of previous investigators, information on many cardinal points in the development of the disease was lacking; and no specific control measures, aside from the removal and destruction of knots, were known. A knowledge of the circumstances under which the knot passes from a rather innocuous, occasionally occurring disease into a widespread and destructive malady was considered important. Consequently, the several factors that might be instrumental in predisposing the host to attack and in favoring the inception and development of the disease were particularly studied. In addition, the possibility of control was considered. The control data, though admittedly not of sufficient extent or diversity to warrant detailed recommendations, are promising bases for trials in various localities. Most of the work reported herein was done in orchards near Corning, California. History of the Disease in California In 1898 Bioletti(3), (4) reported finding the disease in Merced County and stated that it had been present since 1893. R. E. Smith(23) mentioned its prevalence in the Sacramento Valley in 1907. It did not, however, become serious until 1909, when Smith(24) stated that studies were being initiated. In 1912, Horne, Parker, and Daines(10) investigated a serious outbreak in Sacramento County. Then followed a period when no account of serious damage appears in the records except in isolated cases. One such outbreak developed in Butte County 10 or 15 years ago, although no published record shows how long this lasted or how severe it became.
Improved multi-camera smart traffic surveillance system for resilient cities

In this paper, intelligent traffic surveillance system as an important part of a smart resilient city is reviewed. The smart traffic control system is very important in improving the life style by decreasing the traffic saturation and air pollution. Still, multi-camera vision is more helpful in implementing different automatic traffic surveillance systems. Apart from their superior features, existing multi-camera surveillance systems suffer from computational complexity and degraded accuracy. The main reason for these shortcomings arises from image processing errors. These errors depend on the image content and thus are not predictable. To overcome this shortage, three-dimensional (3D) optical techniques for improved fusing the multi-camera images and thus extracting 3D vehicle locations is proposed in this paper. In fact the proposed multi-camera visionary system is a combination of image processing based and geometrical optics based methods. The result of 3D image reconstruction through the proposed technique shows its dominance in providing the 3D image information.
Mechanisms of mixed-layer salinity seasonal variability in the Indian Ocean

Based on a joint analysis of an ensemble mean of satellite sea surface salinity retrievals and the output of a high-resolution numerical ocean circulation simulation, physical processes are identified that control seasonal variations of mixed-layer salinity (MLS) in the Indian Ocean, a basin where salinity changes dominate changes in density. In the northern and near-equatorial Indian Ocean, annual salinity changes are mainly driven by respective changes of the horizontal advection. South of the equatorial region, between 458E and 908E, where evaporation minus precipitation has a strong seasonal cycle, surface freshwater fluxes control the seasonal MLS changes. The influence of entrainment on the salinity variance is enhanced in mid-ocean upwelling regions but remains small. The model and observational results reveal that vertical diffusion plays a major role in precipitation and river runoff dominated regions balancing the surface freshwater flux. Vertical diffusion is important as well in regions where the advection of low salinity leads to strong gradients across the mixedlayer base. There, vertical diffusion explains a large percentage of annual MLS variance. The simulation further reveals that (1) high-frequency small-scale eddy processes primarily determine the salinity tendency in coastal regions (in particular in the Bay of Bengal) and (2) shear horizontal advection, brought about by changes in the vertical structure of the mixed layer, acts against mean horizontal advection in the equatorial salinity frontal regions. Observing those latter features with the existing observational components remains a future challenge.
A conceptual framework of a cloud-based customer analytics tool for retail SMEs

Since customers are seen as a strategic element in a company’s downstream supply chain, many retail organizations have been employing a customer-centric business strategy and started investing into such technologies and solutions known as customer analytics that are capable of processing huge amount customer data for enhanced decision making. Customer analytics has been of significant importance in most developed economies around the world particularly for large organizations. The off-the-shelf analytics solutions provided by vendors are perceived to be unmanageable, risky and unaffordable especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in retail sector. This becomes more vital for the SMEs in developing countries especially in the Eastern part of Europe where they constitute a noteworthy part of the economy. The majority of the SMEs in these countries lack of facilities, infrastructure and abilities to perform such analytical applications. Not being able to extract strategic knowledge using customer data is a missing component for them to be competitive and sustainable in the market from relationship marketing point of view. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual model that addresses this problem by providing retail SMEs with a cloud-based open platform for customer data analytics and knowledge extraction. The platform will be able to connect with numerous apps already employed at the retail SMEs, acquire customer data and then perform customer analytics in order to produce a rich set of reports and knowledge.
Differential Privacy as a Response to the Reidentification Threat: The Facebook Advertiser Case Study

Recent computer science research on the reidentification of individuals from anonymized data has given some observers in the legal community the impression that the utilization of data is incompatible with strong privacy guarantees, leaving few options for balancing privacy and utility in various data-intensive settings. This bleak assessment is incomplete and somewhat misleading, however, because it fails to recognize the promise of technologies that support anonymity under a standard that computer scientists call differential privacy. This standard is met by a database system that behaves similarly whether or not any particular individual is represented in the database, effectively producing anonymity. Although a number of computer scientists agree that these technologies can offer privacy-protecting advantages over traditional approaches such as redaction of personally identifiable information from shared data, the legal community’s critique has focused on the burden that these technologies place on the utility of the data. Empirical evidence, however, suggests that at least one highly successful business, Facebook, has implemented such privacy-preserving technologies in support of anonymity promises while also meeting commercial demands for utility of certain shared data. This Article uses a reverse-engineering approach to infer that Facebook appears to be using differential privacy-supporting technologies in its interactive query system to report audience reach data to prospective users of its targeted advertising system, without apparent loss of utility. This case study provides an opportunity to consider criteria for identifying contexts where privacy laws might draw benefits from the adoption of a differential privacy standard similar to that apparently met by Facebook’s advertising audience reach database. United States privacy law is a collection of many different sectoral statutes and regulations, torts, and constitutional law, and some areas are more amenable to incorporation of the differential privacy standard than others. This Article highlights some opportunities for recognition of the differential privacy standard as a best practice or a presumption of compliance for privacy, while acknowledging certain limitations on the transferability of the Facebook example.
Assessment of Nephrotoxicity, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Epigallocatechin Epicatechin and Stigmasterol Phytosterol (Synergy) Derived from Ethyl Acetate Stem Bark Extract of Spondias Mombin on Wistar Rats Using Molecular Method of Analysis

The purpose of this research work is to assess the effect of nephrotoxicity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of epigallocatechin, epicatechin and stigmasterol phytosterol (synergy) isolated from ethyl acetate stem bark extract of Spondias mombin on wistar rats using molecular method of analysis. The selected biomarkers used for this research work are GapdH, KIM-1, IL-1B, GSR, CAT, GPX-1 and IL-1Alpha at 30, 100 and 1000 mg/ml concentration. Seven week-old, male wistar rats from the Centre for Biocomputing and Drug Development (CBDD) Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, weighing 50 g were housed and grouped into four groups (2 animals per group), 30 mg/g, 100 mg/g and 1000 mg/g group. they were acclimatized for one week and 14-day treatment regimen were given, wistar rats received daily oral administration of extract. At the end of the 14th day period of stable administration, wistar rats were subjected to fasting over-night and were sacrificed. Tissues (kidney and liver) were excised into an eppendorf tubes containing 50 μl molecular biology reagent (Trizol). Tissues is then stored in temperature of -7°C. RNA was extracted from the cells of the kidney and liver of wistar rats and homogenized in the eppendorf tubes containing Trizol reagent, 2 μl reverse transcriptase enzymes were added, to performed Reverse transcription with Polymerase Chain Reaction assay (PCR). Template (cDNA) of 5 μl nucleas-free water and 3.5 μl, forward primers of 2 μl and reverse primers of 2 μl, master mix 2 μl were added. 0.5% of agarose gel using 0.5x TBE buffer (2.6 g of Tris base, 5 g of Tris boric acid and 2 ml of 0.5 M EDTA) were used to perform gel electrophoresis were electrophoresed in gel electrophoresis tank. It was observed that epigallocatechin, epicatechin and stigmasterol phytosterol reduce the nephrotoxic effect induced by the selected biomarkers and it can be deduced that the isolated compound has the ability to reduce the activity of free radical (ROS) generated by the selective biomarker on the kidney and liver cell during metabolic activity. Epigallocatechin, epicatechin and stigmasterol phytosterol isolated from stem bark of Spondias mombim extract have proven itself to be nature’s extraordinary nephrotoxicity, anti-Inflammatory, antioxidant agent.
Flow rate dependence of soil hydraulic characteristics

The rate dependence of unsaturated hydraulic characteristics was analyzed using both steady state and transient flow analysis. One-step and multistep outflow experiments, as well as quasi-static experiments were performed on identical, disturbed samples of a sandy and a loamy soil to evaluate the influence of flow rate on the calculated retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves. For the sandy soil, a significant influence of the flow rate on both the retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity characteristic was observed. At a given matric potential, more water was retained with greater applied pneumatic pressures. Matric potential differences of 10 to 15 cm (for given saturation) and water content differences of up to 7% (for given potential) could be observed between the slowest and the fastest outflow experiments, predominantly at the beginning of drainage. The hydraulic conductivity also increased with increasing flow rate for higher saturations, while a lower hydraulic conductivity was observed near residual saturation for the higher flow rates. We observed a continuously increasing total water potential gradient in the sandy soil as it drained, especially for high-pressure transient one-step experiments. This indicates a significant deviation from static equilibrium, as obtained under static or steady-state conditions. For the finer textured soil, these flow-rate dependent regimes were not apparent. A number of physical processes can explain the observed phenomena. Water entrapment and pore blockage play a significant role for the high flow rates, as well as lack of air continuity in the sample during the wettest stages of the experiment.
On Marginal Automorphisms of a Group Fixing the Certain Subgroup

Let W be a variety of groups defined by a set W of laws and G be a finite p-group in W. The automorphism α of a group G is said to bea marginal automorphism (with respect to W), if for all x ∈ G, x−1α(x) ∈ W∗(G), where W∗(G) is the marginal subgroup of G. Let M,N be two normalsubgroups of G. By AutM(G), we mean the subgroup of Aut(G) consistingof all automorphisms which centralize G/M. AutN(G) is used to show thesubgroup of Aut(G) consisting of all automorphisms which centralize N. We denote AutN(G)∩AutM(G) by AutMN (G). In this paper, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition that Autw∗ (G) = AutW∗(G)W∗(G)(G).
Sperm DNA integrity in chicken assessed by comet assay: preliminary results

The 79.76% of sperm showed less than 10% of DNA in tail, and 96.95% had less than 25% of DNA in tail, indicating a high level of DNA stability in fresh chicken spermatozoa. Our results report a quite low baseline DNA damage in fresh semen in agreement with previous studies in different species (human, horse, swine and fish). In contrast, DNA damage observed in turkey semen [1] was higher, and the differences might be due to the comet procedure used. The integrity of sperm DNA is important for the success of natural and assisted fertilization and further studies will be developed to evaluate DNA damage in fresh, refrigerated and cryopreserved avian sperm, and then to investigate its relation with fertility.
Satellite-derived emissions of carbon monoxide, ammonia, and nitrogen dioxide from the 2016 Horse River wildfire in the Fort McMurray area

Abstract. In May 2016, the Horse River wildfire led to the evacuation of ∼ 88 000 people from Fort McMurray and surrounding areas and consumed ∼ 590 000 ha of land in Northern Alberta and Saskatchewan. Within the plume, satellite instruments measured elevated values of CO, NH3, and NO2. CO was measured by two Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometers (IASI-A and IASI-B), NH3 by IASI-A, IASI-B, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), and NO2 by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Daily emission rates were calculated from the satellite measurements using fire hotspot information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and wind information from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis, combined with assumptions on lifetimes and the altitude range of the plume. Sensitivity tests were performed and it was found that uncertainties of emission estimates are more sensitive to the plume shape for CO and to the lifetime for NH3 and NOx. The satellite-derived emission rates were ∼ 50–300 kt d−1 for CO, ∼ 1–7 kt d−1 for NH3, and ∼ 0.5–2 kt d−1 for NOx (expressed as NO) during the most active fire periods. The daily satellite-derived emission estimates were found to correlate fairly well (R∼0.4–0.7) with daily output from the ECMWF Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) and the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) FireWork models, with agreement within a factor of 2 for most comparisons. Emission ratios of NH3∕CO, NOx∕CO, and NOx∕NH3 were calculated and compared against enhancement ratios of surface concentrations measured at permanent surface air monitoring stations and by the Alberta Environment and Parks Mobile Air Monitoring Laboratory (MAML). For NH3∕CO, the satellite emission ratios of ∼ 0.02 are within a factor of 2 of the model emission ratios and surface enhancement ratios. For NOx∕CO satellite-measured emission ratios of ∼0.01 are lower than the modelled emission ratios of 0.033 for GFAS and 0.014 for FireWork, but are larger than the surface enhancement ratios of ∼0.003, which may have been affected by the short lifetime of NOx. Total emissions from the Horse River fire for May 2016 were calculated and compared against total annual anthropogenic emissions for the province of Alberta in 2016 from the ECCC Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory (APEI). Satellite-measured emissions of CO are ∼1500 kt for the Horse River fire and exceed the total annual Alberta anthropogenic CO emissions of 992.6 kt for 2016. The satellite-measured emissions during the Horse River fire of ∼30 kt of NH3 and ∼7 kt of NOx (expressed as NO) are approximately 20 % and 1 % of the magnitude of total annual Alberta anthropogenic emissions, respectively.
Wall Thickness and Patterns of Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common genetic cardiac disease and the main cause of sudden death in theyoung. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can characterize the different forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and detect myocardialfibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement.Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the regional distribution of left ventricular wall thickness and its relationwith myocardial fibrosis, and also quantify the percentage and determine the different patterns of left gadolinium enhancement inpatients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.Methods: This observational study evaluated patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy undergoing contrast-enhanced cardiacmagnetic resonance imaging. The results were compared with a group of control patients. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy morphologywas evaluated and the percentage of late gadolinium enhancement was determined.Results: Maximum wall thickness was observed in the mid inferoseptal (16.8±5.3 mm), basal anteroseptal (16.5±6.2 mm), and midanteroseptal segments (15.4±6.2 mm). Thirty patients (71%) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presented late gadolinium enhancementin 141/672 (21%) of the segments evaluated. Late gadolinium enhancement was predominantly intramyocardial (n=103,73%). A significant association was found between the percentage of late gadolinium enhancement in the left ventricle and maximummyocardial wall thickness.Conclusions: Maximum wall thickness was more frequently observed in the basal and mid septal segments. Two-thirds of thesepatients presented late gadolinium enhancement which was associated with maximum wall thickness
Isolation, identification and characterization of a straw degrading Streptomyces griseorubens JSD-1

To reutilize rice straw immediately during the agricultural production process, an actinomycete named JSD-1 was isolated from soil and rotten straw using multiple selective culture media. It was identified as Streptomyces griseorubens through polyphasic taxonomy consisting of morphological and physiological characterization combined with the result of 16S rDNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. It also released a series of enzymes, including cellulase, pectinase, xylanase and ligninase simultaneously. According to the experiment of weight loss, JSD-1 decomposed about 76% of the straw in 30 days. Besides, it had the ability to resist certain plant diseases, such as Sclerotinia rot of melon and so on. It was obviously that JSD-1 could degrade rice straw effectively and had great potential of being applied to the utilization of straw resource. Key words: Rice straw, Utilization, Streptomyces griseorubens, Polyphasic taxonomy, enzymes, weight loss, diseases.
Adaptive emulation-based reliability analysis

This paper presents an approximation method for performing reliability analysis with high fidelity computer codes at a reasonable computational cost. Complex models are common in science and engineering due to their ability to substitute costly and some times infeasible practical experiments. These models, however, suffer from high computational cost. This causes problems when performing sampling - based reliability analysis, since the failure modes of the system typically occupy a small region of the input space and thus relatively large sample sizes are required for the accurate estimation of their characteristics. The sequential sampling method proposed in this article, combines Gaussian process-based optimisation and Subset Simulation. Gaussian process emulators construct a statistical approximation to the output of the original code, which is both affordable to use and has its own measure of predictive uncertainty. Subset Simulation is used to efficiently populate those regions of the initial approximation which are likely to lead to the performance function exceeding a predefined critical threshold. Among all samples, the ones that are likely to contribute most to increasing the quality of the surrogate in the vicinity of the failure regions are selected, using Bayesian optimisation methods. The iterative nature of the method ensures that an arbitrarily accurate approximation of the failure region in performance space is developed at a reasonable computational cost. The presented method is applied to a number of benchmark problems.
THE COMPARISON BETWEEN MEDIA/ TEACHING AIDS AND DISCUSSION GROUPS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LECTURE AMONG PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES' STUDENTS

The aim of study was to compare different types of teaching in epidemiology lecture among public health sciences’ students . It was a comparable study ( cross sectional stu dy), among public health sciences’ students who registered in year 2011 - 2012, at the faculty of health sciences , Ahvaz Jundishapur University Medical Sciences , Iran. Twenty two subjects (n= 22) of public health group, faculty of Health Sciences who regist ered in year 2011 - 2012 were involved. The investigator was taught two different types of teach ing of topics, with using media suc h as power point slides, films or videos and creat ing discussion groups . The epidemiology lecture was included of types of pre vention in different categories of diseases , experimental and observational studies in Epidemiology . At the end of each lecture , the students were tested by an exam. The exam consisted of 20 optional questions. Each correct answer was marked as one score. The t otal and highest score was 20. The results of students were compared to evaluate the best type of teaching. The results showed that mean score of fundamental epidemiology lecture in both first and second semester was higher in teaching by making discu ssion groups compare to teaching using media. Similar trend was noted for observational and experimental study in first and second semester (p< 0.05 for all parameters). It could be con cluded that teaching by making discussion groups is most effective than teaching by using media aids for the three epidemiology subjects. Key world: Epidemiology, Teaching, Discussion group