Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antidepressiva in der Schwangerschaft

Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy. Depressive disorders not only develop in childbed as postnatal depression; they also occur frequently during pregnancy. Indeed, the incidence in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was found in a recently published meta-analysis to be 12.8 % and 12.0 %, respec-
Invivo antitrypanosomal activity of methanolic stem extract of strophanthus sarmentosus dc on wistar white mice infected with trypanosomal brucei brucei spp (federe strain).

Strophanthus sarmentosus dc plant seeds are known to be mixed with other plants and boiled to produce poison arrow for hunters, it has also been implicated as a medicinal plant for treatment of gonorrhea and Leprosy in Senegal. Acute toxicity and minimum parasites inhibitions using four (4) microorganism (proteus, e.coli, staphylococcus aureus spp & enterobacter spp ) of the methanolic leaf extract was evaluated in mice using Lorke’s & serial dilution methods respectively. The methanolic leaf extract was evaluated for in vivo anti-trypanosomal activity against federa strain of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in albino mice. Four days suppressive, curative effect against established infection and prophylactic models of anti-trypanosomal studies were carried out. The median lethal dose of the extract was determined to be ? 10mg ? kg body weight. The extract (2.5, 5, 10mg / kg) exerted some dose dependent suppressive effects at the different levels of infections tested, with no significant curative effects recorded. However, further antitrypanosomal property needs to be explored for the management of trypanosomiasis.
Adverbs of Change, Aspect, and Underspecification

Adverbs of change, such as quickly or slowly , are known to give rise to a number of interpretations. For example, Selena ran quickly says that the rate of running is high while Selena quickly noticed the plane implies that the distance between the event of noticing the plane and some previous event is short. Existing accounts (e.g. Cresswell 1978; Rawlins 2013) take rate readings as primary but struggle to derive additional interpretations. By contrast, I argue that adverbs of change measure the temporal distance between two salient events (or event parts) that are compositionally or contextually available. The main claim of the paper is that adverbs of change have a single if underspecified semantics and that the different interpretations arise through interaction with aspectual and discourse structure.
Experimental data at high PT and its interpretation : the role of theory

Experiments, relevant for planetary science, are performed often under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. This makes them technically difficult. The results are often difficult to interpret correctly, especially in the cases when experimental data are scarce and experimental trends difficult to establish. Theory, while normally is inferior in precision of delivered data, is superior in providing a big picture and details behind materials behavior. We consider the experiments performed for deuterium, Mo, and Fe. We demonstrate that when experimental data is verified by theory, significant insight can be gained.
Reworking of amino acid in marine sediments: Stable carbon isotopic composition of amino acids in sediments along the Washington coast

The stable carbon isotopic composition of nine individual amino acids were investigated in phytoplankton and zooplankton, estuarine plankton, terrigenous material, marine fecal material, and clay mineral isolates collected along the Washington coast. The clay fraction was isolated from suspended sediments of the Columbia River (the mineral source) and three shelf and slope stations (mineral deposition sites). In the sediments, terrigenous amino acids were replaced by those of marine origin, and microbial reworking of the amino acids further influenced their d13C compositions. Based on changes in isotopic composition, individual amino acids could be roughly divided into three groups. (1) Leucine and proline had isotopic shifts similar to bulk organic matter. On average, 80% of these river‐delivered amino acids were replaced by marine‐derived material. (2) Alanine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phenylalanine had intermediate isotopic shifts. These isotopic compositions are consistent with both the expected isotopic fractionation associated with microbial resynthesis of amino acids using marine substrates and/or preservation of ~50% of the terrigenous component in the marine environment. (3) Glycine and valine exhibited isotopic values outside the range of our sampled end members. Their unusual isotopic compositions are attributed to reworking of their isotopic signal during diagenesis. Microbial resynthesis of amino acids during growth on mixed substrates may account for nearly all the observed variation in amino acid isotopic composition. Similarity between the amino acid isotopic composition of the fecal material and that of the clay isolates suggests that alterations of the isotopic composition of the amino acids might occur while the amino acids are in distinct organic‐rich debris, prior to long‐term association with the sediment.
A language that is an amalgam of Propositional Dynamic Logic and Description Logic

This work presents our on-going work on de ning a language that combines the modality of Modal Logic with the expressiveness of the Description Logic. More speci cally it is a variant of star free Propositional Dynamic Logic(PDL) where the propositions are sentences (ABOX assertions) described in a fragment of Description Logic(ALC). Our goal is to build a dynamic logic that will describe in a structured and formal way the knowledge is derived during the execution of semantic web services, which they are modeled in Semantic Domains using the technique of Role Modeling.
Interpreting Foucault : an evaluation of a Foucauldian critique of education

The potential strengths and weaknesses of a Foucauldian critique of education are discussed and evaluated. The article focuses specifically on the value of Foucault’s work for critiquing social and political ideologies prevalent in education, which is understood as a societal institution, and hence, as a modern regime of institutional power. In terms of strengths, the ability to raise issues of knowledge, power and contestation that are traditionally ignored in educational theory is addressed. In terms of weaknesses, Foucault’s problematic use and understanding of power and his apparent rejection of objective truth are investigated. The critique develops at the hand of influential, but competing, interpretations of Foucault’s contribution to the field of education in particular, and philosophy in general. It is argued that these influential readings of Foucault gain traction within specific discourses (such as education), and should thus be subjected to critical scrutiny. Keywords: critique; education; Foucault; institution; power; truth
Higher education and disability: Exploring student experiences

Abstract The number of students entering university within the United Kingdom (UK) with disabilities is continuing to increase. This paper draws upon data gathered from a small-scale qualitative study of 13 students with a declared disability within a UK university in the North of England. It sought to elicit the “voice” of students with disabilities, seeking to identify their experiences of any inclusive practice and any barriers to participation. Findings indicated that not all of the students were identified with being disabled and for some, there was a reluctance to disclose a disability due to perceived associated stigma. However, the student support services within the university were viewed as a positive resource, with provision being put in place within the first week of commencing university. Learning support plans (LSPs) were considered useful but “generic” rather than individualised. Barriers were identified as: staff being unaware of a student’s disability, unwillingness to make reasonable adjustments and a lack of assessment choice. Overall recommendations include an overhaul of the LSPs, consultation around differing assessments and a clear need for staff training in disability awareness.
Nadciśnienie tętnicze a udar mózgu - aktualne dane

Nadciśnienie tetnicze, najczestszy czynnik ryzyka udaru mozgu, jest czynnikiem modyfikowalnym. W najnowszych wytycznych European Society Hypertension z 2007 roku podkreśla sie, ze u chorych po udarze lub przemijającym napadzie niedokrwiennym leczenie przeciwnadciśnieniowe wyraźnie zmniejsza czestośc ponownego udaru, a takze obniza ryzyko wystąpienia incydentow sercowo-naczyniowych. Dane z badan klinicznych wskazują, ze korzyśc zalezy glownie od samej redukcji ciśnienia tetniczego. Wedlug wytycznych ESH/ESC z czerwca 2007 roku docelowe wartości ciśnienia u osob po udarach powinny wynosic ponizej 130/80 mm Hg - odpowiednio dla ciśnienia skurczowego i rozkurczowego. W tym celu mozna stosowac wszystkie dostepne leki hipotensyjne, zarowno w monoterapii, jak i w terapii skojarzonej. Trwa dyskusja na temat wlączania terapii hipotensyjnej w pierwszych dobach po udarze mozgu. Nie ulega wątpliwości, ze po udarze wskazane jest ostrozne, umiarkowane obnizanie ciśnienia tetniczego. Leki z grupy inhibitorow konwertazy angiotensyny, nitraty oraz labetalol mozna bezpiecznie podawac w ostrej fazie udaru. Stosowanie antagonistow receptora AT1 moze przynieśc korzystne efekty rokownicze u pacjentow po udarze mozgu, co udowodniono w przypadku eprosartanu. O rokowniczej przewadze tego leku nad wyzej wymienionymi zadecydowal najprawdopodobniej pozahipotensyjny efekt neuroprotekcyjny. Ciekawe są rowniez doniesienia zawarte w opublikowanych w 2007 roku wynikach badania JIKEI Heart dotyczącego walsartanu, w ktorym odnotowano 40-procentowe obnizenie ryzyka wystepowania udarow mozgu. Jednak, mimo dobrze udokumentowanego znaczenia redukcji ciśnienia tetniczego, trudno jest określic optymalny moment rozpoczecia obnizania ciśnienia po niedawnym udarze mozgu, a takze wybor najkorzystniejszej terapii hipotensyjnej z uwagi na brak badan, w ktorych porownano by rozne klasy lekow hipotensyjnych w prewencji wtornej udaru.
A quantitative analysis of forest fragmentation in Los Tuxtlas, southeast Mexico: patterns and implications for conservation

La destruccion del habitat es la principal amenaza para la biodiversidad tropical, por lo que su cuantificacion constituye un aspecto central para la biologia de la conservacion. Usualmente, esta cuantificacion se basa en el calculo de las tasas de deforestacion, ignorando los efectos derivados de la reconfiguracion espacial del habitat remanente postdeforestacion: la fragmentacion. Aqui presentamos un analisis de la fragmentacion en un sitio Neotropical para: (a) proponer un protocolo para su cuantificacion; (b) utilizar tal protocolo para explorar las consecuencias ecologicas de la fragmentacion; y (c) explorar su aplicacion para evaluar la hipotesis de que la heterogeneidad de tamanos de los fragmentos disminuye con la elevacion (indicativo de la accesibilidad del habitat). Calculamos el coeficiente de Gini y la curva de Lorenz para analizar la desigualdad de tamanos de los fragmentos, utilizando un mapa generado con una imagen de satelite; ademas evaluamos el efecto de borde, la forma de los fragmentos y su grado de aislamiento. Encontramos que el bosque remanente incluye 1.005 fragmentos entre 0,5 y 9,356 ha (mediana = 0,89). La desigualdad de tamanos fue considerable (G= 0,928), con una curva de Lorenz muy abatida. El 40% de los fragmentos no tuvo un area libre de un efecto de borde de 30 m de ancho; los fragmentos mas grandes mostraron un desvio considerable con respecto a la forma circular ideal. El 84 % de los fragmentos estuvo aislado, ubicandose mas alla de 500 m de distancia del parche mas grande de bosque y su tamano disminuyo con la distancia. La distribucion de tamanos de los fragmentos vario con la elevacion: el coeficiente de Gini fue menor y la cobertura relativa de bosque fue mayor en la elevacion mas grande, pero la desigualdad fue maxima en una elevacion intermedia. Proponemos que, en vista de los ritmos actuales de deterioro del habitat, la aplicacion de analisis similares puede mejorar nuestras evaluaciones del estado de conservacion de los ecosistemas tropicales y las perspectivas para la conservacion de la biodiversidad
Voluntary Disclosure of Profit Forecasts: Factors Influencing Information Disclosed During UK Takeover Bids

Most studies of forecast disclosure do not examine the information disclosed in forecasts, focusing instead on the dichotomous decision to disclose/not disclose a forecast. More recent research has begun to examine the nature of the forecasts disclosed (qualitative vs. non-qualitative; point or range forecasts). This paper takes the analysis one step further by analysing and explaining the information disclosed in forecasts after the initial disclosure decision is made. As information in forecasts is largely unregulated in the UK, a study of disclosures in forecasts can provide valuable insights into voluntary disclosure decisions. This research examines forecast disclosure from the perspective of the detailed information reported in the forecasts rather than just (as in previous research) whether a forecast was disclosed or not. Forecasts generally disclose two distinct types of information: (1) Financial information and (2) assumptions underlying the forecast. Increased disclosure of financial information in forecasts is likely to be useful to users in understanding forecasts and in adding to their credibility. Assumptions, on the one hand, may provide more information on how the forecast is arrived at, but, on the other hand, may qualify the certainty of achieving the forecast. Forecasters may attempt to deal with uncertainty in forecasts through disclosure of assumptions. A detailed analysis is made of the items and assumptions disclosed in forecasts. Items and assumptions are counted and negative binomial regression is applied in analysing the disclosures in forecasts against various independent variables expected to explain the voluntary disclosure of information. Results show that two factors explain most of the variation in the nature of information disclosed in forecasts: the forecast horizon involved and target company responses in contested bids. Company size was also a factor in relation to disclosure of items in forecasts.
Review Essay: Reflections on Relationships Between NGOs and Corporations

This review essay reflects on relationships between the NGO activism and advocacy movement and corporations. The essay does so through a review of Yaziji and Doh's 2009 book NGOs and Corporations: Conflict and Collaboration. The review essay considers the strengths and weaknesses of the book in relationship to our understanding of NGOs. The essay emphasizes that both NGO and corporate perspectives are important in assessing NGO-corporation relationships.
Comparison of phenolic-compounds , antioxidant activity and microbial quality of two varieties of fresh and frozen date-palm fruit during 8 months storage in freezer

Date-palm fruit is an important horticultural fruit in Iran with a high nutritive value. In this research the effects of freezing process on phenolic-compounds content, antioxidant properties and microbial quality of two common date varieties, namely, Mazafati and Kaluteh, They were frozen and stored for 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months at -18 ̊C. The phenolic content was measured by the Folin–Ciocalteau method, the antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Standard plate count agar and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media were used for total count and molds and yeast determination, respectively. The Mazafati variety had a higher contents of phenolic compounds (677.3 mg galic acid/100 g dry weight) and a higher antioxidant activity (22.45% radical scavenging DPPH) than the Kaluteh variety (573.6 mg gallic acid/100 g dry weight and 18.86% radical scavenging DPPH, respectively). The freezing process causes an increase in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in comparison with fresh dates. The highest and lowest contents of phenolic and antioxidant activity were found in the frozen date (8 months) (892.12 mg gallic acid/100 g dry weight and 41.33% radical scavenging DPPH, respectively) and fresh date samples, respectively. Freezing process and keeping date fruits at a temperature of -18 ̊C for a long period (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months) also led to decreases in microbial activity.
Impact of Assimilating AMSU-A Radiances on Forecasts of 2008 Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Initialized with a Limited-Area Ensemble Kalman Filter

AbstractThe impact of assimilating radiance observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on forecasts of several tropical cyclones (TCs) was studied using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and a limited-area ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Analysis/forecast cycling experiments with and without AMSU-A radiance assimilation were performed over the Atlantic Ocean for the period 11 August–13 September 2008, when five named storms formed. For convenience, the radiance forward operators and bias-correction coefficients, along with the majority of quality-control decisions, were computed by a separate, preexisting variational assimilation system. The bias-correction coefficients were obtained from 3-month offline statistics and fixed during the EnKF analysis cycles. The vertical location of each radiance observation, which is required for covariance localization in the EnKF, was taken to be the level at which the AMSU-A channels’ weighting functions peaked.Deterministic 72-h WR.
Test case generation using UML behavioral & structural models

Quality software can be developed when it is properly tested. Due to increase in the size and complexity of object-oriented software, manual testing has become time, resource and cost consuming. Properly designed test cases discover more errors and bugs present in the software. The test cases can be generated much early in the software development process, during the design phase. The unified modeling language (UML) is the most widely used language to describe the analysis and designs of object-oriented software. Test cases can be derived from UML models more efficiently. In our work, we propose a novel approach for automatic test case generation from the combination of UML class and activity diagrams. In our approach, we first draw the UML class and activity diagrams using IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA). Then, export the XML metadata interchange (XMI) from IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA). The XMI file is processed to extract variables from the class and predicates from activity diagram using Java code. The predicates are then used to generate the test cases. We have not used any intermediate form which makes the automation difficult. Our approach achieves 100% branch coverage and suitable for mutation testing and unit testing. In our next work, we focus on UML composite structure diagram to generate test scenarios for integration testing. In our approach, we first draw the UML composite structure diagram using IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA). Then, export the XML metadata interchange (XMI) representation of composite structure diagram from IBM Rational Software Architect. Then, we parse the XMI code and generate the Component Structure Graph (CSG) automatically. Subsequently, we propose two algorithms to generate test scenarios for Top-Down and Bottom-Up integration approach. The generated test scenarios are sufficient enough to find the component in which probability of bug presence is maximum.
Effects of bioturbation in oxic and hypoxic conditions: a microcosm experiment with a North Sea sediment community

Sediment cores of 20 cm diameter contaning the natural benthic fauna were subjected to low oxygen conditions in a laboratory microcosm system. After several days of oxic conditions ('oxic stage') the oxygen content of the water was reduced to 25% saturation for 15 d ('hypoxic stage'), followed by a 'reoxygenation stage'. Effective solute transport rates were calculated using measurements with the conservative tracer ion bromide. Profiles of oxygen and ΣCO2 were measured and molecular diffusive as well as effective fluxes, account mg for effective solute exchange, were calculated. The overall response of the benthic community was to compensate for low oxygen content of the overlying water by increased pumping activity. On average, effective diffusion coefficients (Den} were 3 times higher in hypoxia than under oxic conditions. D eff reached 1.5 x 10^-4 cm2 s^-1, a value 30 times that of molecular diffusion. During hypoxia we observed low molecular diffusive O2 flux, higher effective O2 flux, as well as an increase in ΣCO2 within the sediment. We interpret this as a shift of transport away from diffusion within the bulk sediment interstices (oxic conditions) to the advective transport pathways along burrows during hypoxia. This facilitates fast transport of oxygen and bromide along burrows and contrasts with the slower transport of CO2 from the interstices governed by molecular diffusion. In this transient situation calulations based on gradients result in an unrealistic molar ratio of fluxes(CO2/O2)as high as 11.
Strategic buSineSS planning in young Small and medium enterpriSeS

s of published papers are available in the international database The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities http://cejsh.icm. edu.pl and in The Central and Eastern European Online Library www.ceeol. com as well as in the annotated bibliography of economic issues of BazEkon http://kangur.uek. krakow.pl/bazy_ae/bazekon/nowy/index.php Information on submitting and reviewing papers is available on the Publishing House’s website www.wydawnictwo. ue.wroc. pl All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or in any means without the prior written permission of the Publisher © Copyright by Wrocław University of Economics Wrocław 2012 ISSN 1899-3192 ISBN 978-83-7695-237-6 The original version: printed Printing: Printing House TOTEM 00-Spis tresci_wstep. indd 4 2012-09-11 10:54:33
Tropospheric BrO column densities in the Arctic derived from satellite: retrieval and comparison to ground-based measurements

Abstract. During polar spring, halogen radicals like bromine monoxide (BrO) play an important role in the chemistry of tropospheric ozone destruction. Satellite measurements of the BrO distribution have become a particularly useful tool to investigate this probably natural phenomenon, but the separation of stratospheric and tropospheric partial columns of BrO is challenging. In this study, an algorithm was developed to retrieve tropospheric vertical column densities of BrO from data of high-resolution spectroscopic satellite instruments such as the second Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2). Unlike recently published approaches, the presented algorithm is capable of separating the fraction of BrO in the activated troposphere from the total BrO column solely based on remotely measured properties. The presented algorithm furthermore allows to estimate a realistic measurement error of the tropospheric BrO column. The sensitivity of each satellite pixel to BrO in the boundary layer is quantified using the measured UV radiance and the column density of the oxygen collision complex O4. A comparison of the sensitivities with CALIPSO LIDAR observations demonstrates that clouds shielding near-surface trace-gas columns can be reliably detected even over ice and snow. Retrieved tropospheric BrO columns are then compared to ground-based BrO measurements from two Arctic field campaigns in the Amundsen Gulf and at Barrow in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Our algorithm was found to be capable of retrieving enhanced near-surface BrO during both campaigns in good agreement with ground-based data. Some differences between ground-based and satellite measurements observed at Barrow can be explained by both elevated and shallow surface layers of BrO. The observations strongly suggest that surface release processes are the dominating source of BrO and that boundary layer meteorology influences the vertical distribution.