Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Haemoglobin triggers and red cell dose in patients with non‐acute anaemia

Dear Sir, Women tend to have lower haemoglobin (Hb) levels, and may tolerate anaemia better, than men (Izaks et al., 1999; Karkouti et al., 2008). Women are also usually smaller than men and have estimated blood volumes (EBV) that constitute a lower proportion of body weight than in men. Thus, the volume of dilution for red blood cell (RBC) and other cellular components is generally lower in women and smaller individuals than others (Nadler et al., 1962). Nevertheless, it is uncertain if patient sex and size are considered when determining Hb triggers and targets and RBC doses before transfusion. We performed a prospective audit of consecutive RBC transfusion episodes in non-acutely transfused patients in the day-care unit of a tertiary hospital over 6 months in 2010 to see if there were differences in pre-transfusion Hb triggers and RBC dose depending on patient sex, size or EBV. Patients ≤18 years, those with significant acute bleeding, cardiovascular conditions and those requiring transfusions ≤6 weekly were excluded. Thirteen patients had more than one transfusion episode during this period but only the first was included in the analysis. All patients received standard New Zealand Blood Service leucodepleted RBC units in additive solution with Hct, 0·5–0·7; Hb, ≥40 g; volume, 220–340 mL (NZBS, 2010). We recorded, and calculated summary statistics for, patient age, sex, weight, underlying diagnosis, pre-transfusion Hb (in the seven days prior to transfusion) and number of RBC units transfused. Most patients did not have a meaningful check of the post-transfusion Hb. The significance of differences in means between the sexes were analysed using the unpaired two sample t test using pooled variance where variances were equal or the Satterthwaite two sample t test where variances were unequal. Because few patients received 1 RBC unit only, we combined patients receiving ≤2 units for further analysis. The two sample t test was also used to compare mean weight, age and pre-transfusion Hb between groups receiving either ≤2 or 3 RBC units. Finally, the Mantel–Haenszel χ2 test was used to determine if there was a trend, based on weight, age, pretransfusion Hb and sex, towards using either 3 or ≤2 RBC units. We audited 105 transfusion episodes in 67 women and 38 men. In 59% the main diagnosis was a malignancy, in 17·1% the diagnosis was unclear and the remainder had various non-neoplastic conditions such as angiodysplasia, Crohn’s disease and scleroderma. Five (4·7%), 83 (79·1%) and 17
mu-Opioid receptor-mediated reduction of neuronal calcium current occurs via a G(o)-type GTP-binding protein

It has recently been shown that the activation of mu-opioid receptors inhibits several components of calcium channel current in rat DRG sensory neurons. mu-Opioid receptors, acting through the pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive substrate Gi, also reduce the activity of neuronal adenylate cyclase, but the relationship of this effect to changes in calcium channel activity has yet to be determined. Using whole-cell recordings from acutely isolated rat DRG neurons, we examined the ability of the mu-opioid-selective agonist Tyr-Pro-NMe-Phe- D-Pro-NH2 (PLO17) to reduce calcium current after treatment with PTX and in the presence of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog guanosine 5′-[- thio]triphosphate (GTP gamma S), to assess the role of G-proteins in the coupling of mu-opioid receptors to calcium channels. Inhibition of current by PLO17 was mimicked or rendered irreversible by intracellular administration of GTP gamma S, an activator of G-proteins, and was blocked by pretreatment of neurons with PTX. In contrast, when the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was included in the recording pipette, calcium currents increased in magnitude throughout the recording without attenuation of responses to PLO17. Thus, the mu- opioid-induced inhibition of calcium current occurs through activation of a Gi- or G(o)-type G-protein, but independent of changes in adenylate cyclase activity. As a first step in identifying this G- protein, we compared the ability of several antisera directed against specific regions of Gi and G(o)alpha subunits to block the inhibition in current by PLO17. Intracellular dialysis with an antiserum specific for G(o) (GC/2) attenuated calcium current inhibition by PLO17 in five of six neurons by an average of 75%. In contrast, there was no attenuation in the response to PLO17 when neurons were dialyzed with an anti-Gi1 alpha/Gi2 alpha antiserum (AS/7) or antibodies specific for alpha subunits of Gi proteins (Gi1/Gi2 or Gi3) in an identical manner. These results suggest that in rat DRG neurons mu-opioid receptors couple to calcium channels via the PTX-sensitive G(o) subclass of GTP- binding proteins.
Load Torque Signature Analysis: An alternative to MCSA to detect faults in motor driven loads

In this paper, an alternative to the MCSA (Motor Current Signature Analysis) method to detect faults in motor driven loads is presented. The proposed method named Load Torque Signature Analysis - LTSA - processes an estimative of the load torque to obtain a signature of the fault on the load. A comparison of the LTSA and MCSA method is done under the viewpoint of frequency bandwidth, sensitivity and implementation drawbacks. The influence of electrical and mechanical parameters on LTSA performance is investigated. Mathematical relationships among these parameters which allow establishing the nature of the frequency response are obtained. It is shown that, LTSA can be an interesting alternative to be applied in several situations where MCSA performance is poor. Simulation and Experimental results validating the studies are presented.
The use of tactical polygraph with sex offenders

Abstract Professionals who work with sexual abusers often are faced with a significant obstacle: offenders' failure to accurately report their histories of undetected offences, particularly hands-on crimes against children. The implications are significant and include poor risk assessment, misguided treatment planning, inadequate sentences, and insufficient supervision conditions. This problem is particularly important with so called child pornographers—offenders whose known criminality is limited to the Internet, and who may be reluctant to admit they have engaged in the hands-on abuse of children. The current study examines an investigative method that we refer to as tactical polygraph and describes its effectiveness in identifying previously undetected sexual offending within this population. In our sample of 127 suspects with no known history of hands-on offending, only 4.7% admitted to sexually abusing at least one child. During polygraph procedures, an additional 52.8% of the study sample provided disclosures about hands-on abuse they perpetrated.
MESH BASED MULTICAST ROUTING SCHEME FOR ENHANCING QOS AND SECURITY WHILE ROUTING IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK

A Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configurable network connected by wireless links. This type of network is only suitable for temporary communication links as it is infrastructure-less and there is no centralized control. Providing QoS and security aware routing is a challenging task in this type of network due to dynamic topology and limited resources. The main purpose of QoS aware routing is to find a feasible path from source to destination which will satisfy two or more end to end QoS constrains. A mesh based multicast routing scheme will proposed in this work. The proposed multicast routing scheme (MRS) finds stable multicast path for multimedia transmission in MANET. The shortest path is find by the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO). Performance of the proposed scheme is compared with existing multicast routing protocols. It is observed that the proposed scheme produces better packet delivery ratio, reduced packet delay, reduced overheads (such as control, memory, computation, and message overheads) and provide security against vulnerabilities and attacks with low resource consumption.
Receptor Specificity of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family*

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are essential molecules for mammalian development. The nine known FGF ligands and the four signaling FGF receptors (and their alternatively spliced variants) are expressed in specific spatial and temporal patterns. The activity of this signaling pathway is regulated by ligand binding specificity, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and the differential signaling capacity of individual FGF receptors. To determine potentially relevant ligand-receptor pairs we have engineered mitogenically responsive cell lines expressing the major splice variants of all the known FGF receptors. We have assayed the mitogenic activity of the nine known FGF ligands on these cell lines. These studies demonstrate that FGF 1 is the only FGF that can activate all FGF receptor splice variants. Using FGF 1 as an internal standard we have determined the relative activity of all the other members of the FGF family. These data should serve as a biochemical foundation for determining developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes that involve FGF signaling pathways.
Factors that predict spontaneous remission of ectopic atrial tachycardia.

Ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) is usually considered as benign and easy to treat. The natural history of the disease, however, has not yet been clarified. The purpose of the study was to analyse its spontaneous evolution in a cohort of EAT patients and to define a predictive model of remission based on several factors. Between 1973 to 1989, 46 patients (25 male, 21 female), aged 38 +/- 18 years, entered the study. Clinically EAT was paroxysmal in 23 patients, permanent in 12 and repetitive in 11; six patients were asymptomatic. Thirty-five complained of palpitations; dyspnoea, dizziness and syncope were also reported less frequently. All patients underwent an electrophysiological study to clarify the mechanism of the arrhythmia and to localize its site of origin. In 15 patients no heart disease was documented. Five patients underwent surgery and were excluded from subsequent analysis. Seven patients were discharged without antiarrhythmic treatment. We defined remission as the absence of recurrence of EAT within 6 months from withdrawal of therapy. Logistic regression was applied to identify potential predictors of remission. Seven clinical and electrophysiological covariates were entered in the model; univariate and multivariate tests were performed, using the GLIM3 statistical package. During a follow-up period of 5.1 +/- 4.5 years, 14 instances of remission (34%) were observed in 5/22 patients with paroxysmal EAT, 4/8 patients with permanent EAT and 5/11 patients with repetitive EAT. Mean age of patients with remission was 25 +/- 14 years vs 45 +/- 15 years in the group without remission. No covariate had an independent predictive value. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MRI of the temporomandibular joint disk and posterior disk attachment before and after nonsurgical treatment.

PURPOSE Our goal was to investigate the role of serial dynamic contrast-enhanced SPGR MRI in the nonsurgical follow-up of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. METHOD Ten patients (10 joints) with internal derangement of the TMJ were imaged with T1-weighted SE and serial postgadolinium SPGR MR pulse sequences. RESULTS On T1-weighted images prior to treatment, the disk position was normal in one joint and anteriorly displaced without reduction in nine joints. After treatment, the disk remained normally positioned in one joint, was anteriorly displaced without reduction in eight joints, and was anteriorly displaced with reduction in one joint. The dynamic study after treatment showed a decrease in contrast enhancement of the posterior disk attachment in 7 of 10 joints. These seven patients had resolution or reduction in joint pain. CONCLUSION These results suggest an association between a decrease in contrast enhancement of the posterior disk attachment and resolution or reduction in joint pain. This association was much stronger than the association between the clinical findings and the anatomy of the disk.
Description, Ascription, and Action in the Criminal Law

My main purpose is to suggest that H. L. A. Hart's infamous "ascriptivism" may be of considerable pertinence to the assessment of the nature of justificatory claims in the criminal law; in passing, I argue that ascriptivism gives no cause for infamy. My suggestion is developed in Part III: As it depends on some reformulation and endorsement of Hart's ideas, I discuss the "ascriptive" and "defeasible" character of the concept of action in Part II, and therein try to dismiss some of the severe criticism that ascriptivism has given rise to since its proposal. This criticism, I shall argue, often relies upon a poor or uncharitable interpretation of Hart's instrumental characterization of the defeasibility of legal concepts; for this reason, Part I is dedicated to a reconstructive elucidation of Hart's account of "conceptual defeasibility".
Moment angle complexes and big Cohen –

Let ZK C be the moment angle complex associated to a simplicial complex K on Œm , together with the natural action of the torus T D U.1/ . Let G T be a (possibly disconnected) closed subgroup and R WD T=G . Let ZŒK be the Stanley– Reisner ring of K and consider ZŒR  WD H . BRIZ/ as a subring of ZŒT  WD H . BTIZ/ . We prove that H G . ZK IZ/ is isomorphic to Tor ZŒR . ZŒK;Z/ as a graded module over ZŒT  . Based on this, we characterize the surjectivity of H T . ZK IZ/ ! H G . ZK IZ/ (ie H odd G .ZK IZ/ D 0) in terms of the vanishing of Tor  1 . ZŒK;Z/ and discuss its relation to the freeness and the torsion-freeness of ZŒK over ZŒR  . For various toric orbifolds X , by which we mean quasitoric orbifolds or toric Deligne–Mumford stacks, the cohomology of X can be identified with H G . ZK / with appropriate K and G and the above results mean that H . X IZ/ŠTor ZŒR . ZŒK;Z/ and that H odd.X IZ/D0 if and only if H . X IZ/ is the quotient H R . X IZ/ .
Anti‐tumor effect of SLPI on mammary but not colon tumor growth

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor that was related to cancer development and metastasis dissemination on several types of tumors. However, it is not known the effect of SLPI on mammary and colon tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of SLPI on mammary and colon tumor growth. The effect of SLPI was tested on in vitro cell apoptosis and in vivo tumor growth experiments. SLPI over‐expressing human and murine mammary and colon tumor cells were generated by gene transfection. The administration of murine mammary tumor cells over‐expressing high levels of SLPI did not develop tumors in mice. On the contrary, the administration of murine colon tumor cells over‐expressing SLPI, developed faster tumors than control cells. Intratumoral, but not intraperitoneal administration of SLPI, delayed the growth of tumors and increased the survival of mammary but not colon tumor bearing mice. In vitro culture of mammary tumor cell lines treated with SLPI, and SLPI producer clones were more prone to apoptosis than control cells, mainly under serum deprivation culture conditions. Herein we demonstrated that SLPI induces the apoptosis of mammary tumor cells in vitro and decreases the mammary but not colon tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, SLPI may be a new potential therapeutic tool for certain tumors, such as mammary tumors. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 469–475, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Put Your Big Girl Knickers on! The Experiences of Two Female Leaders in New Zealand Primary Schools Turning Schools Around

This chapter examines the experiences of two female leaders in New Zealand state primary schools and their experiences of turning their schools around. Leading schools through times of change and challenge is complex, especially when issues of school underperformance and student achievement are intertwined. In some instances, such circumstances result in educational authorities imposing an intervention such as a “turnaround” program. Each year a small number of New Zealand schools are considered “underperforming” and require external leadership assistance, usually from the Ministry of Education. This support is implemented through a statutory intervention mechanism aimed to address underpinning issues such as governance and leadership matters, low student academic achievement, issues of finance, and student and staff safety and well-being (Ministry of Education, 2017). While statutory interventions have been enacted in New Zealand since 1994 as a mechanism to “turn a school around,” there is little research about what this experience is like for educational leaders in primary (elementary) schools, or how it affects their professional and personal lives. Within the turnaround school literature, educational leaders are often positioned as “heroic leaders,” usually male, seeking to change the school's climate and culture. However, there is little literature discussing how female educational leaders approach school recovery processes. With sparse acknowledgment of the effects this work has on a leader's professional and personal life, it is within these spaces that this research on female leaders' experiences is situated. This study was part of a doctoral research project undertaken in 2016 to explore New Zealand primary school leaders' perceptions and experiences of working to turnaround schools and addressing complex and challenging circumstances within their schools and communities. Using Dewey's theory of experiences, the professional and personal experiences of two female leaders' leading such schools are focused on to understand how their leadership is, in Clandinin and Rosiek (2007) terms, constituted, shaped, expressed, and enacted. The research revealed the professional and personal struggles both women encountered in their journey to turn their schools around, and contributes critical findings to the research focused on women's experiences when turning schools around.
Fetal aortic root dilation: a prenatal feature of the Loeys‐Dietz syndrome

Loeys‐Dietz syndrome is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder with cardinal manifestations in cardiovascular, craniofacial and skeletal systems. Although the disease has some phenotypic overlap with Marfan syndrome, the disease, that is caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor beta‐receptor 1 (TGFBR1) or transforming growth factor beta‐receptor 2 (TGFBR2) genes, presents many distinctive features and a particularly aggressive cardiovascular course.
Take a walk, grow a tree

A simple randomized algorithm is presented for maintaining dynamically evolving binary trees on hypercube networks. The algorithm guarantees that: (1) nodes adjacent in the tree are within distance O(log log N) in an N-processor hypercube, and (2) with overwhelming probability, no hypercube processor is assigned more than O(1+M/N) tree nodes, where M is the number of nodes in the tree. The algorithm is distributed and does not require any global information. This is the first load-balancing algorithm with provably good performance. The algorithm can be used to parallelize efficiently any tree-based computation. It can also be used to maintain efficiently dynamic data structures such as quadtrees. A technique called tree surgery is introduced to deal with dependencies inherent in trees. Together with tree surgery, the study of random walks is used to analyze the algorithm. <<ETX>>
Optical solitons in negative-index meta-materials

The nonlinear propagation of gigahertz electromagnetic wave propagation in the resonant region of a negative index meta-material is investigated. It is found that the negative refractive index is maintained within a narrow band of frequency which is more narrowed down with the intensity of the radiation. In the high frequency response, the nonlinear field dependent dispersion relation is obtained, and the corresponding group velocity is determined. In the low frequency response, coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations are obtained which show the creation of bright and dark optical solitons. The bright soliton is a fast mode and it is modulationally unstable. The dark soliton is a slow mode and it is modulationally stable. Applications of these results to terahertz spectrums and in the photonic crystals are mentioned.
Gene expression differences underlying genotype-by-genotype specificity in a host–parasite system

Significance Some genotypes of parasites can infect some genotypes of hosts but not others, whereas hosts also vary in susceptibility to a given parasite genotype. Variation in genes important for defenses against parasites could produce this specificity. Here, we find that variation in gene expression depended on both the genotype of the host and the genotype of the parasite. Moreover, we found that bumblebees that were exposed to infectious genotypes of a trypanosome parasite had low gene expression of immune genes but upregulation of genes that control expression. A poorly infecting parasite genotype, however, induced expression of immune genes. These results suggest that variation in the regulation of gene expression may also contribute to producing genotype-by-genotype specificity. In many systems, host–parasite evolutionary dynamics have led to the emergence and maintenance of diverse parasite and host genotypes within the same population. Genotypes vary in key attributes: Parasite genotypes vary in ability to infect, host genotypes vary in susceptibility, and infection outcome is frequently the result of both parties’ genotypic identities. These host–parasite genotype-by-genotype (GH × GP) interactions influence evolutionary and ecological dynamics in important ways. Interactions can be produced through genetic variation; however, here, we assess the role of variable gene expression as an additional source of GH × GP interactions. The bumblebee Bombus terrestris and its trypanosome gut parasite Crithidia bombi are a model system for host–parasite matching. Full-transcriptome sequencing of the bumblebee host revealed that different parasite genotypes indeed induce fundamentally different host expression responses and host genotypes vary in their responses to the infecting parasite genotype. It appears that broadly and successfully infecting parasite genotypes lead to reduced host immune gene expression relative to unexposed bees but induce the expression of genes responsible for controlling gene expression. Contrastingly, a poorly infecting parasite genotype induced the expression of immunologically important genes, including antimicrobial peptides. A targeted expression assay confirmed the transcriptome results and also revealed strong host genotype effects. In all, the expression of a number of genes depends on the host genotype and the parasite genotype and the interaction between both host and parasite genotypes. These results suggest that alongside sequence variation in coding immunological genes, variation that controls immune gene expression can also produce patterns of host–parasite specificity.