Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV Infection/AIDS in Hospitalized Patients

Introduction: More than three decades after recognition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States, the pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has dramatically changed the global burden of disease. Aim: The main goal of this research is retrospective analysis of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 28 HIV infected patients, who were diagnosed and treated at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases in University Clinical Center Tuzla in the period from 1996 until the end of 2013. Subjects and Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed using the medical records of 28 HIV-infected persons. Two rapid tests were used for HIV testing: OraQuick Advance test, Vikia HIV1/2, Elisa combo test, HIV RNA test. AIDS disease was determined by using the criteria from WHO. Results: Among a total of 28 HIV-infected persons, 23 (82.14%) were males and 5 (17.86%) were females, with the male: female ratio of 4,6:1. In terms of the transmission route, a large proportion of cases were infected through heterosexual contact 19 (67.86%). At the time of the first visit, 16 (57.15%) patients showed asymptomatic HIV infection, 4 (14.28%) HIV infection with symptoms other than the AIDS defining diseases, and 8 (28.57) had AIDS. At the time of first hospital visit, the CD4 + cells count ranged from 40 to 1795/µl (conducted in 19 patients), and mean value of CD4 + cells was 365,31/µl, and mean HIV RNA titer was 287 118 copies/ml³. Of 28 HIV-infected persons 39 cases of opportunistic diseases developed in 12 patients (42.9%). In terms of the frequency of opportunistic diseases, tuberculosis (12 cases, 42.9%). Among a total of 28 HIV-infected patients, 6 (21.4%) of them died. Conclusion: This study characterizes the epidemiological and clinical patterns of HIV–infected patients in Tuzla region of Bosnia and Herzegovina to accurately understand HIV infection/AIDS in our region, in the hope to contribute in the establishment of effective HIV guidelines in the Tuzla region of B&H in the future.
Effects of Adenovirus-mediated Expression of p27 Kip1, p21 Waf1 And p16 INK4A in Cell Lines Derived from t(2;5) Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Hodgkin's Disease

We investigated the response of SUDHL-1 and L428 cells, derived from t(2;5)-anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD), respectively, to recombinant adenoviruses expressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p27 Kip1 (Adp27), p21 Waf1 (Adp21) and p16 INK4A (Adp16). Cell cycle analysis of SUDHL-1 cells after 24 h of infection with 200 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Adp27, Adp21, and Adp16, showed very high levels of cell debris in the subG1 area. The magnitude of cell debris-events was Adp27/Adp21>Adp16. Cell cycle analysis of L428 cells revealed absence of cell debris and increased G2 phase in all the groups of cells tested as compared to the controls (mock and AdNull). A minimal increase in G1 phase was also evident in cells infected with Adp27 (52%) compared to uninfected cells (43%), AdNull (45%) and to cells infected with Adp21 (37%) and Adp16 (31%). The presence of significant levels of Coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) on the cell surface of L428 cells excluded the cell membrane-barrier as responsible for the differences in cell observed in response to the recombinant adenovirus-mediated CDKIs expression as compared to SUDHL-1. We also showed that the recombinant adenovirus-mediated cytotoxicity measured as apoptosis was MOI- and vector-dependent in SUDHL-1 cells at lower MOI (100). In conclusion, the therapeutic effect induced by recombinant adenoviruses expressing p27 Kip1, p21 Waf1 and p16 INK4A is cell-dependent in cells derived from selected lymphoid malignancies. Biochemical cellular differences more than cell surface barriers seem to be responsible for differences in response to recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of cytotoxic genes. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of recombinant adenoviruses expressing p27 Kip1, p21 Waf1 and p16 INK4A may be further explored as a tool for gene therapy of t(2;5)-derived ALCL.
A Tale of Two Jurisdictions: A Focus on the Effect of Regulatory Constraints on Municipal Resilience in Australia

Abstract Australia notably was one of the few developed nations to avoid a technical recession subsequent to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). However, the fact that the nation escaped a technical recession doesn’t mean that citizens and local governments were not subject to some of the measures associated with post-GFC austerity. In particular, intergovernmental grants – an important source of revenue for Australian local governments – were frozen by the federal government seeking to mitigate large deficits over the forward estimates. This chapter compares and contrasts the budgetary outcomes for the local governments of Australia’s two most populous states – New South Wales and Victoria. We find that the disparate regulatory controls in the two municipal jurisdictions were strongly associated with the budgetary outcomes of the individual municipalities: In particular, we present evidence which suggests that taxation limitations and lax investment guidelines in New South Wales can be associated with relatively inferior budgetary positions and higher budgetary volatility. By way of contrast, Victorian councils had the flexibility to vary rates of taxation to the changing conditions and largely avoided investment losses associated with the financial failure of Lehman Brothers. In New South Wales the regulatory response to deteriorating municipal budgets (subsequent to the GFC) has been to execute a radical programme of forced amalgamations. Somewhat ironically, the Victorian state government has recently imposed taxation limitations on its municipalities. In summary, this chapter demonstrates the saliency of regulatory constraints on municipal resilience, in the context of post-GFC economic challenges.
Modulation of Protein C Inhibitor Activity by Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein and Platelet Factor 4: Role of Zinc and Calcium Ions in the Heparin-Neutralizing Ability of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein

Summary Effects of zinc and calcium ions on the heparin-neutralizing abilities of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were examined. Both HRG and PF4 effectively neutralized the ability of heparin to accelerate the activated protein C (APC) and the thrombin inhibitions by protein C inhibitor (PCI). The heparin-neutralizing ability of HRG in the APC inhibition by PCI, however, was decreased in a Ca2+-dependent manner and apparently lost at 1 mM Ca2+, while it was enhanced by Zn2+ regardless of the presence or absence of Ca2+. The heparinneutralizing ability of HRG in the thrombin inhibition by PCI was not affected by Ca2+. In contrast to HRG, there was no significant difference in the heparin-neutralizing ability of PF4 in the presence or absence of 1 mM Ca2+. These results strongly suggest additional physiological functions of HRG and PF4 as modulators of PCI.
Rapid in vivo reactivation of herpes simplex virus in latently infected murine ganglionic neurons after transient hyperthermia

A rapid and physiologically relevant hyperthermia-based induction procedure has been utilized to develop an in vivo model of induced herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in outbred Swiss Webster mice. This procedure was found to efficiently reactivate latent virus from both trigeminal and lumbosacral ganglia. Examination of the time between hyperthermia and virus production demonstrated that detectable levels of infectious virus were present in ganglia as soon as 14 h posttreatment, with peak percent recoveries at 24 h. These data indicated that the switch from latent to active viral gene transcription occurred rapidly following treatment. Immunohistochemical staining for HSV type 1 antigens revealed rare antigen-positive ganglionic neurons 24 h postinduction. HSV antigens were not detected in any other cell type, and lateral spread of the infection was not observed. This is the first report of the detection of HSV antigens in vivo following induced reactivation in the intact nervous system and demonstrates that the neuron is the site of infectious virus production. In addition, our data strongly suggest that at least some neurons in which HSV antigens are detected during reactivation do not survive. Because the temporal and spatial characteristics of HSV reactivation have been clearly defined, this model is uniquely suited for the molecular dissection of the reactivation process.
Thematic trends in event management research

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop research theme categories, investigate thematic trends between 1998 and 2013 and present changes in event management research topics. Design/methodology/approach The coding instrument was developed for thematic analysis of 592 articles in four event management research journals and 106 event management articles in top-tier hospitality and tourism management (H&T) journals. Various intercoder reliability indices were calculated to ensure credibility of content analysis. Findings Major domains of research themes were identified across different periods and journals. Themes differed not only between the event management-focused journals and the hospitality and tourism (H&T) journals but also in different periods (1998-2003, 2004-2008 and 2009-2013). Originality/value First, this study analyzed all articles published in journals focusing on event management as well as event management research published in the H&T journals. Second, this paper improved the credibility of thematic analysis by developing a coding instrument of research themes and by reporting intercoder reliability. Third, this research captured changes in popularity of research themes of different periods and distinct research realms (event management journals versus H&T journals).
Essays on global sourcing under uncertainty

In this dissertation, we study the sourcing policies of global corporations and determine the key drivers of the procurement decisions under different types of uncertainties. The first essay explores the impact of exchange-rate and demand uncertainty on sourcing decisions of a multinational firm which engages in global sourcing through capacity reservation contracts. The focus of this essay is cost, which is known to be the main driver of global sourcing practices. We investigate the impact of cost uncertainty caused by exchange-rate fluctuations on procurement decisions, and identify the conditions that result in single and dual sourcing policies. Our analysis indicates that although cost is an order qualifier when exchange rate is considered deterministic, lower expected sourcing cost is neither necessary nor sufficient to source from a supplier under exchange-rate uncertainty. The second essay examines sourcing and pricing decisions of an agricultural processor encountering yield uncertainty of the agricultural input required for its offered specialty product and the price uncertainty of the competing commercial product. We show that uncertainty gives rise to a conservative sourcing policy which would never emerge in a deterministic setting. While both studies highlight the significant impact of uncertainty on the business decisions and performance, they demonstrate that the effect of uncertainty may take opposite directions contingent upon the business environment and the type of uncertainty. The operational environment studied in the first essay, provides an opportunity for the firm to benefit from exchange-rate fluctuations, whereas the variation in supply and the market price of the
Low car(bon) communities: inspiring car-free and car-lite urban futures

experiments: as they note, an intervention which places sustainability at the heart of existing governance structures has value, even where its transformative power is limited (p. 118). It is nonetheless something of shame that only one chapter (Wendler) of the book spends any significant time discussing non-state interventions. As Wendler argues, such “alternative experiments” are more likely to produce genuinely new imaginations and to “foster distinctly critical angles that challenge mainstream urbanisation” (p. 151) than marketor government-led interventions. While Wendler’s chapter goes some way to correcting what is a notable absence in much of the book, the deeper integration of experiments derived from grass-roots sources – such as off-grid homes, communal living, squatter neighbourhoods, experimentation in informal settlements – into the theorisations of section one in particular would add to the book’s insights. Here, there may be scope to consider the book alongside some of the work done by its contributors elsewhere, such as Silver’s (2014) exploration of “incremental” experimentation by residents of informal settlements in Accra. It is worth also noting the usefulness of the insights of the final section, “experimental cities”. While the first two sections provide a clear and concise review of the field and engaging case studies, this final section is where the book makes further conceptual and empirical innovations. Chapters by Cugurullo, Yarrow and Evans et al. in particular offer new takes on urban experimentation. As the editors’ introduction states, this section pushes the book towards the wider context of urban experimentation, asking the “bigger” questions which “lurk behind contemporary discussions of urban experiments and sustainability” (p. 9). The final chapter offers a broad reflection on the difficulty of imagining genuinely transformed and transformative post-carbon cities, and perhaps tellingly ends with a call to pay greater attention to the grass-roots “cultural experiments” (p. 247) which are a little overlooked in the remainder of the book. Perhaps, this end point best illustrates the value of works such as this, in revealing both the strengths and weaknesses of an emerging research field. Students, researchers and practioners will find inspiration in this text from the extremely clear and succinct theorisations in section one, the illustrative case studies in section two and the insightful reflections in section three. While undoubtedly the collection reveals conceptual and empirical gaps in the field, this in itself is also productive in suggesting new directions for research and understanding.
Underfunding of Federal University in Nigeria and Perceived Impact on Administration: An Exploratory Case Study.

Universities in Nigeria have historically faced underfunding, and at an operational level, compete for attracting the best pool of students, achieving the highest grades. Adequately funded universities not only ensure a higher standard of University curriculum, but also have the potential to result in competitive advantages over other universities. Nigerian universities function with the shortage in key educational resources, such as research materials, library facilities, science lab equipment, and suffer the consequences of underfunding. In this study, the problem of underfunding in Nigerian federal universities, its effect on the University central administration, and its relationship with external actors was explored. Employing resource dependency theory, the researcher considered external environmental factors such as alternate financial sources and competing organizations. A qualitative research methodology was adopted to examine the Ahmadu Bello University as a case study. The central research question was: What are the organizational and systemic factors in the Nigerian Federal University system that impact funding management by University administrators? The four sub-questions which guided the study focused on: the role of University personnel in resource acquisition, the impact of the external environment, the alternative revenue generators explored by University administrators to overcome underfunding, and the experience of University administrators as they contend with the impact of underfunding by the Federal Government. The study found that University administrators at ABU require training on securing alternative resources. This research has also identified administrative practices that help federal university personnel, on a broader scale, to function in an environment of financial uncertainty.
A finite element model for simulating acoustic streaming in cystic breast lesions with experimental validation

Streaming detection is an ultrasonic technique that can be used to distinguish fluid-filled lesions, or cysts, from solid lesions. With this technique, high intensity ultrasound pulses are used to induce acoustic streaming in cyst fluid, and this motion is detected using Doppler flow estimation methods. Results from a pilot clinical study were recently published in which acoustic streaming was successfully induced and detected in 14 of 15 simple breast cysts and four of 14 sonographically indeterminate breast lesions in vivo. In the study, the detected velocities were found to vary considerably among cysts and for different pulsing regimes. A finite element model of streaming detection is presented. This model is utilized to investigate methods of increasing induced acoustic streaming velocity while minimizing patient exposure to high intensity ultrasound during streaming detection. Parameters studied include intensity, frequency, acoustic beam shape, cyst-diameter, cyst fluid protein concentration, and cyst fluid viscosity. The model, which provides both transient and steady-state solutions, is shown to predict trends in streaming velocity accurately. Experimental results from studies investigating the potential for nonlinear streaming enhancement in cysts are also provided.
HIV‐1 matrix protein p17 enhances the proliferative activity of natural killer cells and increases their ability to secrete proinflammatory cytokines

Summary. We investigated the effects of human immunodeficiency type‐1 virus (HIV‐1) matrix protein p17 on freshly isolated and purified human natural killer (NK) cells. HIV‐1 p17 increased the cytokines interleukin (IL) 2, IL‐12 and IL‐15, and induced natural killer cell proliferation, but not cytotoxicity. This effect was specific because it was abrogated by anti‐p17 monoclonal antibody. Moreover, HIV‐1 p17 enhanced the cytokine‐induced production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interferon (IFN)‐γ by NK cells. IL‐4 downregulated IFN‐γ and TNF‐α secretion in IL‐2‐ and IL‐15‐treated NK cells. HIV‐1 p17 restored the ability of NK cells to produce both cytokines when added to the cultures simultaneously with IL‐4. The property of p17 to increase the production of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ might be a mechanism used by HIV‐1 to modulate the immune system to support its replication and spreading.
Central hemodynamics could explain the inverse association between height and cardiovascular mortality.

BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying the inverse relationship between height and cardiovascular mortality are unknown but could relate to central hemodynamics. We sought to determine the relation of height to central and peripheral hemodynamics, as well as clinical characteristics. METHODS The study population was comprised of 1,152 randomly selected community-dwelling adults (aged 67.7 ± 12.3 years; 48% men). Brachial blood pressure (BP) was recorded by sphygmomanometry; central BP and aortic pulse wave velocity were estimated by applanation tonometry. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine associations between height and central and peripheral hemodynamics. RESULTS Height was not significantly associated with aortic pulse wave velocity in men or women. The relationship with height and brachial systolic BP was borderline in women (β = -0.115; P = 0.051) but not significant in men (β = -0.096; P = 0.09). Conversely, central systolic BP, estimated by transfer function (β = -0.139 for men [βM]; β = -0.172 for women [βW]) or radial second systolic peak (β M = -0.239; β W = -0.281), augmentation index at 75 bpm (β M = -0.189; β W = -0.224), and aortic pulse wave timing (β M = 0.224; β W = 0.262) were independently associated with height in both sexes (P < 0.003 for all). Both men and women of greater than median height were less likely to have coronary artery disease (P < 0.05), to have systemic hypertension (P < 0.01), or to be taking vasoactive medication (P < 0.001) compared with participants of less than median height. CONCLUSIONS Even after correcting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, taller individuals have more favorable central hemodynamics and reduced evidence of coronary artery disease compared with shorter individuals. These findings may help explain the decreased cardiovascular risk associated with being taller and also have important clinical consequences regarding therapy.
Defining the SUMO-modified Proteome by Multiple Approaches in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

SUMO, or Smt3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a ubiquitin-like protein that is post-translationally attached to multiple proteins in vivo. Many of these substrate modifications are cell cycle-regulated, and SUMO conjugation is essential for viability in most eukaryotes. However, only a limited number of SUMO-modified proteins have been definitively identified to date, and this has hampered study of the mechanisms by which SUMO ligation regulates specific cellular pathways. Here we use a combination of yeast two-hybrid screening, a high copy suppressor selection with a SUMO isopeptidase mutant, and tandem mass spectrometry to define a large set of proteins (>150) that can be modified by SUMO in budding yeast. These three approaches yielded overlapping sets of proteins with the most extensive set by far being those identified by mass spectrometry. The two-hybrid data also yielded a potential SUMO-binding motif. Functional categories of SUMO-modified proteins include SUMO conjugation system enzymes, chromatin- and gene silencing-related factors, DNA repair and genome stability proteins, stress-related proteins, transcription factors, proteins involved in translation and RNA metabolism, and a variety of metabolic enzymes. The results point to a surprisingly broad array of cellular processes regulated by SUMO conjugation and provide a starting point for detailed studies of how SUMO ligation contributes to these different regulatory mechanisms.