Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution Dynamics

It is quite common in convergence analyses across regions that data exhibit strong spatial dependence. While the literature adopting the regression approach is now fully aware that neglecting this feature may lead to inaccurate results and has therefore suggested a number of statistical tools for addressing the issue, research is only at a very initial stage within the distribution dynamics approach. In particular, in the continuous state-space framework, a few authors opted for spatial pre-filtering the data in order to guarantee the statistical properties of the estimates. In this paper we follow an alternative route that starts from the idea that spatial dependence is not just noise but can be a substantive element of the data generating process. In particular, we develop a tool that, building on the mean-bias adjustment procedure proposed by Hyndman et al. (1996), explicitly allows for spatial dependence in distribution dynamics analysis thus eliminating the need for pre-filtering. Using this tool, we then reconsider the evidence on convergence across regional economies in the US.
COMPARISON BETWEEN HYDROGRAPHICALLY CONDITIONED DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS IN THE MORPHOMETRIC CHARATERIZATION OF WATERSHEDS

The aim of this study was to compare the hydrographically conditioned digital elevation models (HCDEMs) generated from data of VNIR (Visible Near Infrared) sensor of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), of SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and topographical maps from IBGE in a scale of 1:50,000, processed in the Geographical Information System (GIS), aiming the morphometric characterization of watersheds. It was taken as basis the Sub-basin of São Bartolomeu River, obtaining morphometric characteristics from HCDEMs. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and cross validation were the statistics indexes used to evaluate the quality of HCDEMs. The percentage differences in the morphometric parameters obtained from these three different data sets were less than 10%, except for the mean slope (21%). In general, it was observed a good agreement between HCDEMs generated from remote sensing data and IBGE maps. The result of HCDEM ASTER was slightly higher than that from HCDEM SRTM. The HCDEM ASTER was more accurate than the HCDEM SRTM in basins with high altitudes and rugged terrain, by presenting frequency altimetry nearest to HCDEM IBGE, considered standard in this study.
Molecular Gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) - IX. The decoupled bars and gas inflow in NGC 2782

We present CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) maps of the starburst/Seyfert1 galaxy NGC2782 obtained with the IRAM interferometer, at 2. 1×1. '' 5 and 0. 7×0. '' 6 resolution respectively. The CO emission is aligned along the stellar nuclear bar of radius �1kpc, configured in an elongated structure with two spiral arms at high pitch angle � 90 ◦ . At the extremity of the nuclear bar, the CO changes direction to trace two more extended spiral features at a lower pitch angle. These are the beginning of two straight dust lanes, which are aligned parallel to an oval distortion, reminiscent of a primary bar, almost perpendicular to the nuclear one. The two embedded bars appear in Spitzer IRAC near-infrared images, and HST color images, although highly obscured by dust in the latter. We compute the torques exerted by the stellar bars on the gas, and find systematically negative average torques down to the resolution limit of the images, providing evidence of gas inflow tantalizingly close to the nucleus of NGC2782. We propose a dynamical scenario based on numerical simulations to interpret coherently the radio, optical, and molecular gas features in the center of the galaxy. Star formation is occurring in a partial ring at �1.3kpc radius corresponding to the Inner Lindblad Resonance (ILR) of the primary bar; this ring-like structure encircles the nuclear bar, and is studded with Hemission. The gas traced by CO emission is driven inward by the gravity torques of the decoupled nuclear bar, since most of it is inside its corotation. N-body simulations, including gas dissipation, predict the secondary bar decoupling, the formation of the elongated ring at the �1kpc-radius ILR of the primary bar, and the gas inflow to the ILR of the nuclear bar at a radius of �200-300 pc. The presence of molecular gas inside the ILR of the primary bar, transported by a second nuclear bar, is a potential "smoking gun"; the gas there is certainly fueling the central starburst, and in a second step could fuel directly the AGN.
ON THE USE OF C- AND X-BAND SAR DATA FOR STUDYING THE GROUND D EFORMATIONS INDUCED BY THE APRIL 6TH, 2009 EARTHQUAKE IN ABRUZZO

In the study both DInSAR and PSI techniques have been used to generate co-seismic and post-seismic deformation patterns for the Mw=6.3 earthquake which struck the Abruzzo region in Italy on April 6th, 2009. In particular, we used SAR data acquired in C band (wavelength of 5.6 cm) by the European Space Agency (ESA) ENVISAT satellite, and X band (wavelength of 3.1 cm) by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) constellation COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) as well as by the German Space Agency (DLR) TerraSAR-X (TSX). Concerning the co-seismic deformation, is has been studied by processing, through standard DInSAR technique, SAR data with different values of wavelength, spatial resolution as well as incident angles. A comparative analysis of interferometric fringe patterns is presented. Due to the low deformation rate involved, the study of post-seismic events requires the use of a multi-temporal InSAR approach. Thanks to the availability of a stacks of ascending CSK acquisitions, ad hoc programmed by ASI on the area stricken by the earthquake, it was possible to infer post-seismic deformation map through SPINUA PSI-like InSAR analysis. A first validation of these results is also presented.
Mathematical models of morphogen dynamics and growth control

Morphogens are diffusive molecules produced by cells, sending signals to neighboring cells in tissues for communication. As a result, tissues develop cellular patterns that depend on the concentration levels of the morphogens. The formation of morphogen gradients is among the most fundamental biological processes during development, regeneration, and disease. During the past two decades, sophisticated mathematical models have been utilized to decipher the complex biological mechanisms that regulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of morphogens. Here, we review the model formulations for morphogen systems and present the mathematical questions and challenges that arise from the model analysis, with an emphasis on Drosophila. We discuss several important aspects of modeling frameworks: robustness, stochastic dynamics, growth control, and mechanics of morphogen-mediated patterning.
Fallstudie zum Zusammenhang von ADHS im Erwachsenenalter und Vigilanz anhand der Methode der Pupillometrie // Adult ADHD and vigilance – a case study based on pupillometry

Adult ADHD and vigilance – a case study based on pupillometry. In this case study based on pupillometry the administration of atomoxetine was shown to induce a stabilization in a criminally responsible mentally disordered offender diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As a relatively consistent pupillometric diameter over a period of 9 minutes indicates a relatively stable vigilance, results showed a consistent activation and reduced fatigability in the offender, whose vigilance of 3.8% was within normal limits. Pupillometric investigations confirmed a maintenance of vigilance and a reduction of emotional hyperexcitability. J Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr 2016; 17 (4): 134–8.
Superfluidity at the BEC-BCS crossover in two-dimensional Fermi gases with population and mass imbalance

We explore the zero-temperature phase behavior of a two-dimensional two-component atomic Fermi gas with population and mass imbalance in the regime of the BEC-BCS crossover. Working in the mean-field approximation, we show that the normal and homogeneous balanced superfluid phases are separated by an inhomogeneous superfluid phase of Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) type. We obtain an analytical expression for the line of continuous transitions separating the normal and inhomogeneous FFLO phases. We further show that the transition from the FFLO phase to the homogeneous balanced superfluid is discontinuous leading to phase separation. If the species have different masses, the superfluid phase is favored when the lighter species is in excess. We explore the implications of these findings for the properties of the two-component Fermi gas in the atomic trap geometry. Finally, we compare and contrast our findings with the predicted phase behavior of the electron-hole bilayer system.
The effect of protease pre-treatment of raw or micronized soyabean meal on the growth performance and carcass composition of liquid fed grower and finisher pigs.

Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia, Volume 13 (2001) Laboratory studies demonstrated that protease treatment significantly (P<0.001) increased the in vitro nitrogen digestibility of raw soyabean meal (RSB) and micronized soyabean meal (MSB) (Beal et al.1998). This indicates that there is potential for improving the nutritional value of these protein sources with exogenous proteases. The objective of this study was to determine if these increases in vitro were reflected in pig performance. Thirty two Large White x (Large White x Landrace) pigs 12 –13 weeks old weighing 28.7 ± 2.7 kg were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments according to a 2 x 2 factorial design. Factor 1 was soyabean meal that was raw (R) or micronized (M). Factor 2 was the presence (+) or the absence (–) of 20000 units g/N of protease P3 (Finnfeeds International Ltd). Soyabean meal was pre–treated by steeping (1feed:3 water) for 24 h at 20oC in the presence or absence of P3, prior to the addition of a cereal based diet and water (DM as fed 22.5 g/kg). The diets provided 14 MJ DE/kg with 0.71 g lysine/MJ DE (up to 50 kg), and 13.5 MJ DE/kg with 0.67 g lysine/MJ DE (50 kg to slaughter). The pigs were fed individually twice daily on restricted intake to give a DE intake of 2.02 MJ/d per kgW0.63. Weekly liveweight, daily DM feed intake, empty carcass weight, and lean: fat ratio were recorded. A significant (P<0.001) improvement in all measures of growth was observed with pigs fed MSB diets compared with pigs fed RSB diets. There were no significant differences in overall growth due to enzyme pre–treatment. However, with pigs fed RSB diets a significant improvement in average daily gain (ADG), from 0.515 to 0.606 kg/pig, and FCR (from 3.512 to 3.042) was observed due to enzyme treatment in the finisher period. There were no significant differences in killout percent. Lean: fat was significantly (P<0.05) increased by 0.423 ± 0.158 in pigs fed R+ compared to R–. Enzyme addition had no significant effect on the time taken to reach slaughter weight in pigs fed RSB diets but this was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by 4 ± 1.86 days in pigs fed M+ compared with M–. Although there were no significant differences in growth performance due to enzyme treatment in either the RSB or MSB diets there was a consistent trend towards improvement, which may have led to pigs on diet M+ attaining slaughter weight in less time than pigs on diet M–. The significant improvement in lean tissue deposition in the pigs fed diet R+ suggests that these pigs were better able to utilise raw soya protein than pigs fed diet R–.
Peptide Aptamer-Based ELISA-Like System for Detection of Cathepsin E in Tissues and Plasma

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), a highly sensitive and powerful molecular detection tool, has been constructed based on antibodies, as its name denotes. However, it is not so easy to prepare antibodies for any target molecule and there are still problems in their cost and stability. In this study, peptide-based ELISA-like systems (pep- ELISA) were first constructed and shown to be effective. In particular, if the target is an enzyme, such as cathepsin E, that can generate a fluorescent product, the construct of pep-ELISA can be very simple, as its name indicates; i.e., Enzyme-on-Peptide. These constructs, together with peptide-based Sandwich ELISA-like (Sandwich pep-ELISA), were actually constructed and examined using the tissues and blood specimens extracted from cathepsin E-normal/knockout rats. Through these experiments, the sufficient sensitivity (~10µg/ml) and methodological convenience of pep-ELISA were demonstrated.
LSAren oinarri matematikoa

Testu idatzien semantika adierazteko gaitasuna duen tresna bat da Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Modu Matematikoan adierazten ditu testuko paragrafo eta hitzak. Ondoren, adierazpen matematiko horren gainean zenbait eraldaketa burutzen ditu, eta horrela, testuen eta bertan dauden hitzen arteko erlazio semantikoak neurtzeko gai da. Artikulu honetan adierazpen matematikoa eta egiten zaizkion eraldaketak aztertzen dira, tresnaren funtzionamendua ulertzeko; teorikoki hasteko eta adibide baten bidez ondoren, kontzeptu teorikoak ulertzen lagunduko duelakoan gaude.
Defining the spatiotemporal surveillance space for alien species' invasions using approximate Bayesian computation

The spatiotemporal dynamics of an alien species invasion across a real landscape are typically complex. While surveillance is an essential part of a management response, planning surveillance in space and time present a difficult challenge due to this complexity. We show here a method for determining the highest probability sites for occupancy across a landscape at an arbitrary point in the future, based on occupancy data from a single slice in time. We apply to the method to the invasion of Giant Hogweed, a serious weed in the Czech republic and throughout Europe.
Opinion spamming in social media: a brief systematic review

Opinion spamming in social media is an activity of people giving or sharing fake reviews or irrelevant opinions to online communities. The fake reviews are not merely misguided sentiment analysis and opinion mining system, but also severely affected online communities’ decision and businesses reputation.Thus, opinion spamming detection (OSD) technique is needed to enhance an opinion mining system and prevent such cases from happening to the online communities.This study was conducted using the systematic literature review (SLR) procedure to classify known opinion spam features in social media platforms, and to reveal types of social media platforms that are being addressed by OSD’s researchers.The result is, we found that, spatial and temporal factors in reviewer feature type is a current issue and is important to be solved because of spammer always changing their spamming strategy.On the other hand, most of the studies leveraged ngram character and part-of-speech approaches in a review feature type because of its significant improved OSD’s accuracy. Furthermore, we found that, most of the studies focused on trading and marketing-based social media platform, in which a lack of OSD’s study in other forms of social media platforms i.e. social networking and user generated content sites.
An omnibus non‐parametric test of equality in distribution for unknown functions

We present a novel family of non‐parametric omnibus tests of the hypothesis that two unknown but estimable functions are equal in distribution when applied to the observed data structure. We developed these tests, which represent a generalization of the maximum mean discrepancy tests described by Gretton and colleagues, using recent developments from the higher order pathwise differentiability literature. Despite their complex derivation, the associated test statistics can be expressed quite simply as U‐statistics. We study the asymptotic behaviour of the proposed tests under the null hypothesis and under both fixed and local alternatives. We provide examples to which our tests can be applied and show that they perform well in a simulation study. As an important special case, our proposed tests can be used to determine whether an unknown function, such as the conditional average treatment effect, is equal to zero almost surely.
Evidence of Philopatry in Sharks and Implications for the Management of Shark Fisheries

Evidence of philopatric behavior in diverse species of sharks is accumulating through various sources of data, including studies of shark behavior, genetics and fisheries. If sharks display natural tendencies to return to a home area, birthplace or another adopted locality during portions of their life cycles, as opposed to roaming and dispersing throughout their overall ranges, the impact of fisheries removals and habitat alterations on shark populations and stocks could be profound, and the use of shark catch data to assess stocks could be complicated. We review the accumulating evidence for philopatry in sharks and discuss its implications for fisheries management and conservation of shark
A NOTE ON THE ALMOST SURE EXPONENTIAL STABILITY OF THE MILSTEIN METHOD FOR STOCHASTIC DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH JUMPS

In this paper we consider the Milstein method to investigate the almost sure exponential stability for nonlinear stochastic delay differential equations (SDDEs) with jump diffusion, that is, processes that change only by jumps. The class of jump-diffusion SDDEs that admits explicit solutions is rather limited. In this regard, we employ the continuous and discrete semimartingale convergence theorem. It is shown that the Milstein method reproduces the almost sure exponential stability under an additional linear growth condition on drift and the function Lg. In the numerical section we present the results by simulating the method on kind of equations. AMS Subject Classification: 65C20, 60H35, 65C30
1.5D quasilinear model and its application on beams interacting with Alfvén eigenmodes in DIII-D

We propose a model, denoted here by 1.5D, to study energetic particle (EP) interaction with toroidal Alfvenic eigenmodes (TAE) in the case where the local EP drive for TAE exceeds the stability limit. Based on quasilinear theory, the proposed 1.5D model assumes that the particles diffuse in phase space, flattening the pressure profile until its gradient reaches a critical value where the modes stabilize. Using local theories and NOVA-K simulations of TAE damping and growth rates, the 1.5D model calculates the critical gradient and reconstructs the relaxed EP pressure profile. Local theory is improved from previous study by including more sophisticated damping and drive mechanisms such as the numerical computation of the effect of the EP finite orbit width on the growth rate. The 1.5D model is applied on the well-diagnosed DIII-D discharges #142111 [M. A. Van Zeeland et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 135001 (2011)] and #127112 [W. W. Heidbrink et al., Nucl. Fusion. 48, 084001 (2008)]. We achieved a very satisfacto.
Ergodic Theory for Interested Computer Scientists

We describe ergodic theory in modern notation accessible to interested computer scientists. The ergodic theorem (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic theory (link)) is an important principle of recurrence and averaging in dynamical systems. However, there are some inconsistent uses of the term, much of the machinery is intended to work with deterministic dynamical systems (not probabilistic systems, as is often implied) and often the conclusion of the theory is mis-described as its premises. By \interested computer scientists" we mean people who know math and work with probabilistic systems 1 , but know not to accept mathematical denitions
Design of Open Slot Antenna for Bandwidth Enhancement with a Rectangular Stub

In this paper, a novel design of open slot antenna for bandwidth enhancement is proposed and investigated. The bandwidth enhancement of the proposed antenna is achieved by simply attaching a rectangular stub to the circular radiating patch. Experimental results indicate that the bandwidth of the antenna can achieve an operating bandwidth of about 139% over a wideband frequency range from 2.57 to 14.23GHz. This antenna has a small size of dimensions 20 £ 35mm 2 and is suitable for wideband applications in various wireless communication systems.
Soot sensors for efficient combustion and low emissions - SootSensII

Nanosized soot particles are a serious health hazard in urban air. Upon inhalation they can penetrate deep into the lungs and their fat solubility makes possible their accumulation in other organs such as the brain. For this reason legislation has continuously reduced the allowable emission levels and raised requirements for reporting the status of the exhaust system (OBD, on board diagnostics) in diesel powered vehicles. To meet the California Air Resources Board proposed legislation for diesel particulate filter, 17.5 mg/mile for light duty vehicles after 2013, will require the development of new sensors for monitoring the exhaust and in particular the status of the particulate filter. The objective in this project was to further optimize the soot sensor based on thermophoresis, that is a cold sensor surface, for improved sensitivity (patent filed) and to test transistor based sensor structures. The goal was to perform proof of concept of thermophoretic soot sensors in order to get sensor manufacturers to pick up the technology and car manufacturers to implement it. Another goal was to develop an aerosol based soot generation system, by which soot sensors can be tested and calibrated in the laboratory before expensive testing in car and truck engines.
GENERALIST AND SPECIALIST NATURAL ENEMIES IN INSECT PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS

SUMMARY (1) The dynamics of a predator-prey, or parasitoid-host, interaction are considered where the predator or parasitoid is a generalist whose population is buffered against changes in the particular prey being considered. (2) The interaction is then broadened to include, in addition, a specialist natural enemy, and three questions are examined within this framework. (i) Under what conditions can a specialist 'invade' and persist in an existing generalist-prey interaction? (ii) How does the addition of the specialist natural enemy alter the prey's population dynamics? (c) How does the relative timing of specialist and generalist in the prey's life cycle affect the dynamics of the interaction? (3) The following conclusions emerge. (i) A specialist can invade and co-exist more easily if acting before the generalists in the prey's life cycle. (ii) A three-species stable system can readily exist where the prey-generalist interaction alone would be unstable or have no equilibrium at all. (iii) In some cases the establishment of a specialist leads to higher prey populations than existed previously with only the generalist acting. (iv) In some cases, a variety of alternative stable states are possible, either alternating between two-species and three-species states, or between different three-species states.
PSYCHOPHYSICS, OR ALGEBRA OF PRIMARY EXPERIENCE?

The foundational idea of psychophysics is the study of psycho–physical relations in a non-dualist paradigm. We attempt to revive the original motives of psychophysical science in a series of reflec- tions on selected themes: Fechner’s original idea of psychophysics, Mach’s programme of a unitary psycho–physical science, and later attempts (phenomenology, protophysics) to establish a scientia prima , conceiving law-like, invariant structures of the world as given in primary experience. We conclude with a proposal for an ‘integral psychophysics,’ which is here defined as a mathematical study of structures of primary experience. “Nun aber, wie werde ich mit meinem bischen Mathematik dies neue grose Gebiet beherrschen ko nnen? Beherrschen gewis nicht; aber doch vielleicht beginnen. [. ] Aber den Fortbau freilich werde ich Andern u berlassenmu ssen. ”—G.Th. Fechner[1,p.410] 1