Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fatty Acid Composition of Seaweeds Exposed to Different Levels of Light Intensity and Salinity

Three seaweeds Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta), Grateloupia sparsa (Rhodophyta) and Sargasswn piluliferum (Phaeophyta) were exposed to combinations of 2 light intensities (15 and 60 μΕ m" s") and 3 salinities (10, 35 and 50%o) in a 2 X 3 factorial experiment to examine the effects on their fatty acid (FA) profiles. In Ulva, exposure to the high light intensity and low salinity combination resulted in huge decreases in the quantitative (mgg"" dry weight) total FA content. High light intensity increased the quantitative levels of most saturated FAs (14 : 0, 15:0, 16:0 and iso-17 : 0). In Grateloupia, low and high salinity exposure resulted in significant increases in the total FA content, total polyunsaturated FAs, total saturates and total monoenes compared to normal salinity (35%o) exposure. High light intensity increased the quantitative levels of 14: 0, 18 : 1 n-9, 18:1 n-7, 20 : 5 n-3 and total n-3. In Sargasswn, high light intensity resulted in a decrease in the quantitative levels of almost all FAs. A trend of increasing levels of 18 : 4 n-3, 20 : 4 n-6, 20 : 5 n-3, total n-3 and total n6 FAs were observed with increasing salinity. Exposure to high salinity in Ulva and Sargassum, and low and high salinities in Grateloupia resulted in significantly higher levels of total FAs compared to unexposed fresh seaweeds. Changes in the quantitative FA content of Ulva were a consequence of light and/or salinity-controlled growth rates.
Exchange-Traded Fund Introductions and Closed-End Discounts and Volume

Until the advent of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), closed-end funds (CEFs) were the only professionally managed portfolios suitable for non-accredited investors that could be traded like individual stocks. We hypothesize that the introduction of an ETF in an asset class similar to an existing CEF will result in a substitution effect that will reduce the value of the CEF’s shares relative to the value of its underlying assets. Our event-studies show that upon the introduction of a similar ETF, CEF discounts widen significantly and relative volume declines significantly. Single-equation and systems estimation models show that the widening in discounts and reduction in volume are both related to returns-based measures of the substitutability of ETFs for CEFs.
Identities and provenance of the gelechioid moths originally described by Francis Walker from ‘unknown countries’

Abstract. The taxonomic placement and possible type‐localities of twelve species and one genus of Gelechioidea described by Francis Walker from ‘unknown countries’ are discussed. Opisina arenosella Walker is the senior synonym of Nephantis serinopa Meyrick and Opisina Walker is the senior synonym of Nephantis serinopa Meyrick and Opisina Walker the senior synonym of Nephantis Meyrick; Aroga compositella (Walker), new combination, is the senior synonym of A.coloradensis (Busck); Cryptolechia metaphaeella Walker is a junior synonym of Antaeotricha schlaegeri (Zeller); A.albulella (Walker), new combination, is the senior synonym of A.vestalis (Zeller), and A.spurcatella (Walker), new combination, is the senior synonym of A.chloromis (Meyrick). A lectotype for C.metaphaeella Walker is designated.
Cooperative Learning That Really Works in Biology Teaching: Using Constructivist-Based Activities To Challenge Student Teams.

T HERE is an old Chinese proverb that reads, If I hear-I forget, If I see-I remember, If I do -I understand. Seasoned educators know, however, that seeing and doing can lead to forgetting as well. Simply viewing the material will not automatically lead to remembering, and working with something will not automatically lead to understanding. For lasting learning to take place, students must be actively involved in thinking about what is being heard, seen or done. For example, students in biology laboratories sometimes perform investigations without understanding what they are doing. Indeed, so widespread has the idea of "hands-on education" become in our schools that students have become skillful at setting up learning situations, following directions, performing activities, and cleaning up after themselves. In fact, students have become so competent in the "handson" format that they can answer questions on a performance sheet or describe what they have completed in an activity report without totally understanding what they have just accomplished. I watched a high school lab in advanced biology exploring the embryologic development of amphibians. Each student observed preserved stages of developing frog eggs in petri dishes under a dissection scope and arranged them in order from zygote to tadpole, drawing each stage as he or she went along. In a late stage, organogenesis was introduced and the students read what organ systems developed from the various layers. The participants worked quickly and efficiently through their task, completing it before the lab ended. I returned the following week to find out how the students had done on their exam on the subject. Grades on the test revealed that the "learning" of the subject matter was very high in this group of high achievers. Yet when I asked students if they could draw correlations
Implementation of Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies in the Integrated Marketing Communications

The paper is devoted to the implementation of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the integrated marketing communications. Integrated marketing communications as the integration of all marketing activities related to the planning, development, implementation and evaluation of brand communication programs. We focused on the study of communication solutions using virtual and augmented realities in the field of advertising and marketing. We examined how often virtual or augmented reality technologies are used in advertising campaigns. Based on the diagram below, we can conclude that virtual reality technology is more commonly used in these campaigns. We made the conclusion that that at the moment we see the most frequent use of virtual and augmented reality in such industries as wholesale and retail trade, accommodation and catering.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis

The growing interest in the configurational perspective to understand causal complexity has brought the spotlight on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). However, despite that QCA was introduced more than three decades ago and predominantly has been used in the fields of political science and international relations, the prospect of using QCA as a research technique to understand international organizations (IOs) just recently has emerged in the literature. Specifically, the two works of Federo and Saz-Carranza (2018a; 2018b) on IO governance are currently the only existing studies that employed this technique to research IOs. This chapter aims to shed light on the nature and specificities of QCA in order to encourage IO scholars to adopt the technique for their future research endeavors.
Changes in DNA synthesis circadian rhythms in a hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

The effect of partial hepatectomy on the DNA synthesis rhythms of ES12a hepatocellular carcinoma grafted into C3H/S male mice was studied and compared with tumor growth in unoperated animal controls. The subtotal hepatectomy also changes the concentration of substances related to cellular proliferation to generate a compensatory hyperplasia in the liver. Thus, we analyzed the interaction between liver regeneration after hepatectomy and the DNA synthesis activity of the tumor. The animals were sacrificed every 4 h throughout one complete circadian cycle. All experimental groups of animals received an intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg of 5-bromodeoxiuridine per kg of body weight before being killed. Tumor samples were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry. DNA synthesis indices were expressed as labeled nuclei per 1000 nuclei. The results show that the ES12a tumor displays the DNA synthesis activity rhythm which, as in normal hepatocytes, passes through a peak during the nocturnal phase, and the surgery alters the temporal structure of the DNA synthesis indices. This fact should be considered in both neoplastic drug treatments and in growth related experiments.
Composition of Polygonum odoratum Lour. from Southern Australia

Abstract The steam-distilled oil from the leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum Lour. from North East Victoria, Australia was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-nine compounds were detected of which seventeen were positively identified. The main constituents were found to be decanal (27.73%), dodecanal (44.05%) and decanol (10.88%). A number of other compounds not previously reported were also identified.
Mechanisms of resistance of Mediterranean annual communities to invasion by Conyza bonariensis: effects of native functional composition

Recent studies have shown that a high species or functional group richness may not always lead to a greater resistance of plant communities to invasion, whereas species and/or functional group composition can more reliably predict invasion resistance. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms through which functional group composition can influence the resistance of Mediterranean annual communities to invasion by the exotic Conyza bonariensis. To analyse the effects of functional composition on the performance of individuals introduced as seedlings we first examined the relationships between the demographic and vegetative parameters of C. bonariensis and the biomass achieved by each functional group (grasses, legumes and Asteraceae rosettes) in synthetic communities. As a further step to approach the mechanisms involved in community resistance to invasion, we included in the analyses measurements of functional variables taken within the synthetic communities. In agreement with earlier results and theory suggesting that high nutrient availability can favour invasions, an abundant legume biomass in communities increased the final biomass and net fecundity of C. bonariensis, due to positive effects on soil nitrate concentration. Survival and establishment of C. bonariensis were mainly favoured by a high biomass of Asteraceae. Additional results from measurements of herbivory suggested that C. bonariensis survival wasn't related to abiotic conditions but may be owed to a protection against herbivores in plots with abundant Asteraceae. Establishment was on the other hand likely to be hindered by the effects of abundant grass and legume foliage on light quality, and therefore easier within an Asteraceae canopy. We conclude that invasion of Mediterranean old fields by species with biologies similar to C. bonariensis could be limited by favouring communities dominated by annual grasses.
Greenhouse bedding plant production of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of 14 growing media on greenhouse bedding plant production of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert) Bertoni. The best mixture consisted of sand clay (LEd2) soil, laying hen manure (10% vol/vol), and lime. Key words: Natural sweetener, fertilizers, transplant production
Forecasting Stock Market Recessions in the US: Predictive Modeling using Different Identification Approaches

Stock market recessions are often early warning signals for financial or economic crises. Hence, forecasting bear markets is important for investors, policymakers, and economic agents in general. In our two-step procedure, we first identify stock market regimes in the US using three different techniques (Markov-switching models, dating rules, and a naive moving average). Second, we predict recessions in the S&P 500 with the help of several modeling approaches, utilizing the information of 92 macro-financial variables. Our results suggest that several variables are suitable for forecasting recessions in stock markets in-sample and out-of-sample. Our early warning models for the US equity market, in particular those using principal components to aggregate the information in the macro-financial variables, provide a statistical improvement over several benchmarks. In addition, these generate economic value by boosting returns, improving the sharp ratio and the omega, and substantially reducing drawdowns.
Oestrus and Pseudo-Pregnancy in the Ferret

The ferret has been but little used for experimental laboratory work on reproduction, although its small size and marked sexual changes, together with the fact that it ovulates only after coitus, make it a very suitable species for laboratory investigations. The study of the ferret's œstrous cycle, however, formed the subject of an investigation by one of us some 25 years ago (Marshall, 1904), when it was shown that there was normally a well-marked breeding season, extending from about March to August, and an anœstrum during the rest of they year. The fact was verified that œstrus in the absence of the male may extend over a very prolonged period (as much as 6 weeks) and that it is characterised by a very well marked swelling of the vulva. Congestion of the uterus and other internal changes were also described. Futhermore, it was ascertained that ovulation in the ferret, as in the rabbit, does not occur spontaneously, but depends upon sexual intercourse, a fact which was confirmed later by Robinson (1918). It has been shown by a number of authors (Ancels and Bouin, 1910; Schil, 1912; Hammond and Marshall, 1914) that in the rabbit the condition known as pseudo-pregnancy can be induced by a sterile mating ( e. g. , the doe copulating with a vasectomised buck), the stimulus of sexual intercourse resulting in ovulation and the subsequent formation of corpora lutea, which develop as in true pregnancy up to about the 16th day, and during this time bring about a growth of the uterine musosa and an hypertrophy of the mammary glands comparable to that which occur during true pregnancy. In the present investigation experiments were carried out to determine whether pseudo-pregnancy could be induced similarly in the ferret, and a series of observations was made upon the correlated changes in the ovaries, uterus, mammary glands, and vulva in various stages and conditions during the seasons of reproductive activity.
Strategic CSR Based on Local Wisdom for Corporate Sustainability: A Case Study on Sugar Factories in Karesidenan Besuki

Objective – In several last decades, corporate social responsibility is not anymore considered as a company obligation, but more as an opportunity for a company to internalize it in company’s business strategy (Bisnis& CSR, 2007). According to strategic CSR concept, it is very important to have CSR programme that are aligned to company’s strategy so that it will not only give benefits to company’s stakeholders but also give benefits to company itself to promote its sustainability. In 2007, the Government has issued a regulation concerning corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the Corporation Act No. 40/2007. Methodology/Technique – This study is a qualitative study which aim to analyze the CSR activities of sugar factories located in Situbondo based on strategic CSR concept. Findings – There are three sugar factories which are studied and analyzed in this study, i.e.: PG Assembagoes, PG Pandjie, and PG Olean. They have a programme named partnership program and community development. The objective of this program is to help and support sugar cane farmers, cooperatives and small business, and engaged in community development (such as education/training, improving health, public infrastructure/facilities, also environmental conservation and poverty alleviation). Regarding the partnership programs, it is already aligned with the concept of strategic CSR, while the community development program is considered as more general CSR. Novelty – it is important that all the PKBL programs are planned and designed according to strategic CSR concept so that they will benefits the stakeholders of sugar factories and also for the sugar factories themselves. Type of Paper: Empirical.
Beyond Necessity-Driven versus Opportunity-Driven Entrepreneurship: A Study of Informal Entrepreneurs in England, Russia and Ukraine

To evaluate critically the conventional view that entrepreneurs are either necessity- or opportunity-driven, empirical data is reported from England, Ukraine and Russia on the motives of a specific group of entrepreneurs, namely those operating wholly or partially in the informal economy. Finding that for the vast majority both necessity- and opportunity-drivers are involved in their decision to start-up enterprises along with a clear shift from necessity- to opportunity-oriented motivations as their ventures became more established, the paper concludes by discussing the public policy implications of these findings.
Slaughter performance and meat quality of three Italian chicken breeds

Abstract A trial was carried out to study the slaughter performance and the meat quality of three Italian dual-purpose chicken breeds: Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta lionata (RL) and Robusta maculata (RM). Females were studied from June to October from 47 days of life until slaughtered age, at 138 (I age) and 168 (II age) days of age. Each genotype had access to outdoor and indoor spaces. RL and RM birds showed a higher final body weight, and provided heavier carcass and commercial cuts than ER (P<0.01), at both ages. The dressing-out percentage of RL and RM females was more favourable than ER ones, in particular at II age (P<0.01). Differences in carcass conformation were observed at II age: the ER carcass showed a higher (P<0.01) proportion of leg and wing. The RM carcass had a higher (P<0.01) proportion of breast. The thigh meat/ bone ratio was higher in RL at I age (P<0.01) and II (P<0.05) age. Significant differences in breast colour were observed among the breeds; ER thigh showed the highest (P<0.05) a* value. At II age, lipids were lower (P<0.01) in ER breast; thigh lipids were similar among the groups. Slaughtering at I age seem to be more advantageous for the ER breed since it is more precocious.
Thermoacclimatory response of nucleic acid and protein content of carp muscle tissue: influence of growth rate and relationship to glycine uptake by scales

RNA concentration in carp (Cyprinus carpio) white muscle tissue increased with higher growth rate for all acclimation temperatures, while DNA, protein content, and tissue hydration were unaffected. For a given growth rate, RNA concentration per unit tissue weight and per unit DNA (RNA per cell) was higher in colder acclimated fish as a probable compensation for decreased RNA activity. Maximum growth resulted in an approximate doubling of the RNA/DNA ratio while, over the range of 12–30 °C, cold acclimation caused an increase of approximately 50%. Changes in DNA concentration and protein/DNA ratios at different acclimation temperatures indicated an increase in cell mass with warmer acclimation temperatures. Muscle RNA/DNA ratios and the rate of glycine uptake by scales were highly correlated. Regression equations describing this relationship for each acclimation temperature were not significantly different when scales were incubated at each fish's acclimation temperature, but were significantly different w.
Effects of time‐limited calcium meal upon food and calcium ingestion and egg quality

Synopsis Food and calcium intake and egg shell strength were measured for 24 d with 40 laying hens fed on a daily ration of either 120 g of an all‐mash diet containing 3.25% Ca or 111 g of a 0.6% Ca diet plus 8.7 g of oyster shell. The additional calcium source was offered for a 3¼‐h period beginning at 09.00, 14.00 or 17.15 h. Consumption of oyster shell was lowest in the morning. When the calcium meal was offered at this time, the hens slightly increased their calcium ingestion on oviposition days. However, calcium intake was higher on ovulation days when oyster shell was offered after 14 h. In each case, actual requirements seemed to be one of the main factors for determining calcium appetite. Variations of food intake in relation to laying cycle were evident with the control diet but disappeared when oyster shell was offered separately in the afternoon. Consumption of low Ca diet was greater than that of control diet only when oyster shell was given in the late afternoon of days without ovulation. The.
Stock Return Predictability in Central and Eastern European Countries

We investigate the stock return predictability for the aggregate Central and Eastern European (CEE) markets from 1998 through the mid-2017. Using the firm-level data we construct country portfolios and sets of component portfolios: 10 industry portfolios, 10 size portfolios, 10 market-to-book portfolios. Predictive regressions with various fundamental variables and technical indicators are conducted. In-sample and out-of-sample tests highlight return predictability across different portfolios. Out-of-sample decomposition of predictability shows that time-varying macroeconomic risk premium can be captured by the conditional CAPM model.
SETTLEMENT CUES AND DETERMINATION OF THE VERTICAL LIMIT OF AN INTERTIDAL BARNACLE

The settlement behavior of the barnacle Chthamalus anisopoma near its upper intertidal limit was investigated using field surveys and experiments. The upper limit of Chthamalus was found to be extremely variable, ranging from 1.5 to 2.6 m above MLW. Chthamalus showed increased settlement in response to chemical cues produced by several species whose vertical distributions overlapped with its vertical distribution. Within a single species there was significantly more settlement in response to cues associated with Nerita funiculata that occurred with Chthamalus than to N. funiculata that occurred only above the vertical limit of Chthamalus. Another species that induced settlement, Acanthina angelica, is the major predator of adult Chthamalus. Acanthina may be a good settlement cue because it is a reliable indicator of the vertical distribution of Chthamalus and because (1) the clusters of Acanthina that induced settlement may move away before the new barnacles become edible; and (2) Chthamalus can develop a predator-resistant morphology in response to Acanthina. I was also able to induce Chthamalus recruitment into areas well above their normal upper limits using a nonspecific extract, indicating that conspecifics function as a strong settlement cue. The evolution of larval attraction to settlement cues should be dependent on the reli- ability of the cues and the consequences of not using them. Reliable cues and harsh consequences should lead to the development of "strong" (i.e., attractive) cues. However, reliable cues may be conservative; their absence may not indicate a "bad" settlement site. Therefore, a variable distribution of strong settlement cues could lead to temporal and spatial variability in a species regardless of other factors such as pre- and postsettlement physical conditions or biological interactions.
Tech Clusters

Tech clusters like Silicon Valley play a central role for modern innovation, business competitiveness, and economic performance. This paper reviews what constitutes a tech cluster, how they function internally, and the degree to which policy makers can purposefully foster them. We describe the growing influence of advanced technologies for businesses outside of traditional tech fields, the strains and backlash that tech clusters are experiencing, and emerging research questions for theory and empirical work.