Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term shifts in the colony size structure of coral populations along the Great Barrier Reef

The age or size structure of a population has a marked influence on its demography and reproductive capacity. While declines in coral cover are well documented, concomitant shifts in the size-frequency distribution of coral colonies are rarely measured at large spatial scales. Here, we document major shifts in the colony size structure of coral populations along the 2300 km length of the Great Barrier Reef relative to historical baselines (1995/1996). Coral colony abundances on reef crests and slopes have declined sharply across all colony size classes and in all coral taxa compared to historical baselines. Declines were particularly pronounced in the northern and central regions of the Great Barrier Reef, following mass coral bleaching in 2016 and 2017. The relative abundances of large colonies remained relatively stable, but this apparent stability masks steep declines in absolute abundance. The potential for recovery of older fecund corals is uncertain given the increasing frequency and intensity of disturbance events. The systematic decline in smaller colonies across regions, habitats and taxa, suggests that a decline in recruitment has further eroded the recovery potential and resilience of coral populations.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Systems Biology Approaches in Multi-Omics Data Analysis of Cancer

Cancer is the manifestation of abnormalities of different physiological processes involving genes, DNAs, RNAs, proteins, and other biomolecules whose profiles are reflected in different omics data types. As these bio-entities are very much correlated, integrative analysis of different types of omics data, multi-omics data, is required to understanding the disease from the tumorigenesis to the disease progression. Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning algorithms, has the ability to make decisive interpretation of “big”-sized complex data and, hence, appears as the most effective tool for the analysis and understanding of multi-omics data for patient-specific observations. In this review, we have discussed about the recent outcomes of employing AI in multi-omics data analysis of different types of cancer. Based on the research trends and significance in patient treatment, we have primarily focused on the AI-based analysis for determining cancer subtypes, disease prognosis, and therapeutic targets. We have also discussed about AI analysis of some non-canonical types of omics data as they have the capability of playing the determiner role in cancer patient care. Additionally, we have briefly discussed about the data repositories because of their pivotal role in multi-omics data storing, processing, and analysis.
Informativity in Image Captions vs. Referring Expressions

At the intersection between computer vision and natural language processing, there has been recent progress on two natural language generation tasks: Dense Image Captioning and Referring Expression Generation for objects in complex scenes. The former aims to provide a caption for a specified object in a complex scene for the benefit of an interlocutor who may not be able to see it. The latter aims to produce a referring expression that will serve to identify a given object in a scene that the interlocutor can see. The two tasks are designed for different assumptions about the common ground between the interlocutors, and serve very different purposes, although they both associate a linguistic description with an object in a complex scene. Despite these fundamental differences, the distinction between these two tasks is sometimes overlooked. Here, we undertake a side-by-side comparison between image captioning and reference game human datasets and show that they differ systematically with respect to informativity. We hope that an understanding of the systematic differences among these human datasets will ultimately allow them to be leveraged more effectively in the associated engineering tasks.
Cross-Subject Commonality of Emotion Representations in Dorsal Motion-Sensitive Areas

Emotion perception is a crucial question in cognitive neuroscience and the underlying neural substrates have been the subject of intense study. One of our previous studies demonstrated that motion-sensitive areas are involved in the perception of facial expressions. However, it remains unclear whether emotions perceived from whole-person stimuli can be decoded from the motion-sensitive areas. In addition, if emotions are represented in the motion-sensitive areas, we may further ask whether the representations of emotions in the motion-sensitive areas can be shared across individual subjects. To address these questions, this study collected neural images while participants viewed emotions (joy, anger, and fear) from videos of whole-person expressions (contained both face and body parts) in a block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was conducted to explore the emotion decoding performance in individual-defined dorsal motion-sensitive regions of interest (ROIs). Results revealed that emotions could be successfully decoded from motion-sensitive ROIs with statistically significant classification accuracies for three emotions as well as positive versus negative emotions. Moreover, results from the cross-subject classification analysis showed that a person’s emotion representation could be robustly predicted by others’ emotion representations in motion-sensitive areas. Together, these results reveal that emotions are represented in dorsal motion-sensitive areas and that the representation of emotions is consistent across subjects. Our findings provide new evidence of the involvement of motion-sensitive areas in the emotion decoding, and further suggest that there exists a common emotion code in the motion-sensitive areas across individual subjects.
Expression of P16INK4a in Uveal Melanoma: New Perspectives

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Despite sharing the name and similar morphological features with cutaneous melanoma (CM), it is an entirely different neoplasia with a particular genetic background and clinical behavior. CDKN2A is a gene located at chromosome 9p21, encoding for P16INK4a and P14(ARF) proteins, whose role as a tumor suppressor has been clearly defined in many malignant tumors. CDKN2A frequently presents germline mutations in familial CM and epigenetic downregulation in a considerable percentage of sporadic CM. It has been hypothesized that CDKN2A alterations are early events in CM development, playing a central role in the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Alterations of the CDKN2A gene reduce the expression of P16INK4a in most CM subtypes. Immunohistochemical evaluation of P16INK4a is currently used, in association with Ki67 and HMB45, in pathology practice to discriminate between dysplastic nevi and melanoma. On the other hand, CKDN2A is rarely mutated in UM, and the immunohistochemical expression of P16INK4a has only been reported in small case series. We tested P16INK4a expression on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 9 tissue microarrays (TMAs), built with 2 mm cores derived from 133 uveal melanoma FFPE blocks, collected from 1990 to 2018, and from selected paraffin-blocks of 3 UM liver metastases. The immunohistochemical expression of P16INK4a was assessed with a visual evaluation by light microscopy and then with a digital approach. Both approaches, with an acceptable concordance rate, revealed P16INK4a expression in a large proportion of UM cases and all liver metastases, opening new possibilities of using it in the differential diagnosis between cutaneous and uveal melanoma metastases in cases of unknown primary tumor or patients with two different primary melanomas.
Online Video Games as Distribution Channel for Retail Brand Voucher

Selling in-game content/items has become popular revenue model recently especially for the game publishers in online video games. Revenue from microtransaction in video games has been increased every year, that shows that the raising interest towards online gaming to gain more power of the gamers. We saw this as an opportunity for retail brands to distribute their digital voucher as advertisement for their brands in the form of cashback through various online games. While prior research has investigated the reasons for players to buy in-game content, it has not focused on the possibility of changing the consumer (gamers) retail brand top of mind with the digital voucher retail brand through distribution channel of cashback program from online video games. The various reasons (19) were operationalized into a survey (N=523) and we will explore how the motivations converges into certain dimensions. The results indicated that the purchased reason converged into six dimensions: 1) Ostentatious, 2) Addiction, 3) Generosity, 4) Eagerness, 5) Personal Value, and 6) Indulgence. Second, we need to investigate the relationship between these factors towards Behavioral Aspects and Intention to Use the cashback digital voucher. The results revealed that the dimensions of Generosity and Personal Value were significantly impacting the Behavioral Aspects and Intention to Use, indicating that if the gamers possess these traits, their top of mind could be changed, and they will use the digital voucher so they can get a cashback from the game. Since the Behavioral Aspects dimension indicates that people usually will spend more than they planned especially when they get a cashback, game developers will get increase in revenue, and gamers will enjoy the cashback benefit as they can purchase more retail brand products with the vouchers. These will lead into the expansion the new customer segment of the retail brand or maintain loyalty for the existing one.
Inhibitory Effect of Cordycepin on Human Platelet Aggregation

Cordycepin separated from Cordyceps militaris is a major physiologic active component in Cordyceps militaris. The platelet aggregation is stimulated by Ca²? , which is either mobilized from intracellular endoplasmic reticulum or transported from extracellular space. cGMP antagonizes the actions of Ca²? Based on these facts, we have investigated the effects of cordycepin on the mobilization of Ca²? and the production of cGMP on collagen (10 ㎍/㎖)-induced human platelet aggregation. Cordycepin potently stimulated the human platelet aggregation induced by collagen (10 ㎍/㎖) in a dose-dependent manner. Cordycepin (500 μM) inhibited also the collagen-induced human platelet aggregation in the presence both 1 mM and 2 mM of CaCl₂. These are in accord with the results that cordycepin inhibited the Ca²? -influx on collagen-induced human platelet aggregation. These results suggest that cordycepin decrease the intracellular Ca²? concentration to inhibit collagen-induced human platelet aggregation. Besides, cordycepin increased the level of cGMP on collagen-induced human platelet aggregation. This result is related with the decrease of intracellular Ca²? concentration, because cGMP inhibits the mobilization of Ca²? In addition, cordycepin inhibited the human platelet aggregation induced by LY-83583, inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. This result suggested that cordycepin inhibit the platelet aggregation by stimulating the activity of guanylate cyclase. In conclusion, we demonstrated that cordycepin might have the antiplatelet function by inhibiting Ca²? -mobilization via the stimulation of the production of cGMP.
Racial hierarchy and masculine space: Participatory in/equity in computational physics classrooms

ABSTRACT Background and Context Computing is being integrated into a range of STEM disciplines. Still, computing remains inaccessible to many minoritized groups, especially girls and certain people of color. In this mixed methods study, we investigated racial and gendered patterns of equity and inequity in high school physics classrooms incorporating computational modeling, with an emphasis on group work. Objective The objectives of this study were: 1) to document equity patterns in student participation and how they vary based on group composition by race and gender; and 2) to understand how discourses of race and gender influence group interactions. Method We used the EQUIP web app (https://www.equip.ninja) to analyze quantitative patterns in student participation. We then identified video of three group sessions and analyzed how discourses of race and gender mediated classroom interactions. Findings Data show that racial hierarchies were prominent, with White students dominating group interaction and Black and Latinx students experiencing substantial marginalization. While there was evidence of gender equity in many groups – particularly those with greater proportions of girls – we show how computing and physics were still maintained as masculine spaces. Implications Teachers of computing should intentionally structure learning environments to attenuate the impact of White supremacy and patriarchy. More research is also needed on how power operates in computing education at the level of classroom interaction.
Leveraging local resources and contexts for inclusive computer science classrooms: Reflections from experienced high school teachers implementing electronic textiles

ABSTRACT Background and context Promoting open-ended projects presents new opportunities and challenges for inclusive teaching in CS classrooms. While efforts have been made to develop inclusive curricula, little research has focused on ways teachers apply curricula in their classrooms to promote inclusion. Objective To understand the challenges faced in facilitating an open-ended unit and the pedagogical strategies enacted to address those challenges, we analyze the self-reported teaching practices that experienced teachers developed in their implementation of a constructionist electronic textiles unit in Exploring Computer Science. Method We inductively analyzed and coded 17 experienced teachers’ weekly surveys and post-interviews. Findings Teachers leveraged local resources and contexts to adapt classroom activities as well as developed new perspectives on computing as ways to foster inclusivity. Implications We propose further opportunities for CS teachers to consciously reflect and draw upon the assets and funds of knowledge of their students’ communities when facilitating open-ended, inclusive activities.
Interactions of shiga-like toxin-2 (Stx-2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the Bcl-2 family of proteins during host cell programmed cell death

INTERACTIONS OF THE SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN-2 (STX-2) FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 AND THE BCL-2 FAMILY OF PROTEINS DURING HOST CELL APOPTOSIS By Lia K. Jeffrey University of New Hampshire, May 2013 Stx-2 is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Prior reports suggest that Stx-2 increases necrosis and apoptosis of a variety of host cells including those of endothelial origin as well as immune cells such as neutrophils (156). However, the role Stx-2 plays in delayed apoptosis of neutrophils is not fully understood given that previous studies have shown conflicting results (118, 51). The process of apoptosis is mediated by the Bcl-2 protein family (2,46,226). The purpose of this research was to define the molecular mechanisms of Stx-2 and Bcl-2 protein family interactions. These studies examined the binding of Stx-2 to select Bcl-2 family proteins, and outlined the effects that Stx-2 and a newly generated mutant of Stx-2 have on neutrophil apoptosis and necrosis rates as well as on caspase-8 and caspase-9 activation. Stx-2 did not bind to the select Bcl-2 family proteins examined nor did it consistently show decreased apoptosis rates in neutrophils. The mechanisms behind Stx-2-induced neutrophil apoptosis potentially involved the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and/or interactions with other Bcl-2 family members such as Bak at the mitochondrial membrane therefore inducing mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) and its
Intersections of Forced Migration and Gender in Physical Education

Rising refugee movements have affected global society in general and the social system of sports in particular. The main structures and discourses of the sports system are also reflected in physical education (PE) at schools, which can, therefore, be regarded as an integral part of it. PE can play a significant role in the sports biographies of young people from refugee backgrounds. It is the only organizational framework of sports that all children and adolescents experience, and for many young people from refugee backgrounds it is the first and sometimes the only context in which they come into contact with sports in the host country. Consequently, PE teachers have a special opportunity to support students from refugee backgrounds in discovering their sports-related interests and to encourage them to deepen these interests outside school. Research suggests that teachers interact with learners from refugee backgrounds with stereotypical expectations for how they should behave and act. These expectations are structured along gender-specific logics, with male persons from refugee backgrounds often being classified as violent and threatening and female individuals from refugee backgrounds as fragile and oppressed. Against this background, through an interview study with 31 PE teachers from schools in Germany, we investigate teachers' perspectives on young people from refugee backgrounds. Specifically, we examine which intertwined gendered and racialized patterns of perception and interpretation become apparent when PE teachers talk about this group of students. Constructivist, intersectional, and postcolonial approaches are used to analyze the interviews and answer the research questions. The analytical screening of the interviews reveals that gendered and racialized perceptions of threat and vulnerability dominate the teachers' mindsets. Four main patterns that follow these gendered and racialized thoughts can be detected in the data material: victimization and vulnerabilization, notions of threat and impulsivity, claims for assimilation and normalization, and demands for discipline. These perceptions can influence the developmental opportunities of students from refugee backgrounds and reduce their participation and involvement in school sports and out-of-school sports contexts. Based on these results, we discuss strategies that might support (future) teachers in breaking stereotypes and overcoming narrow perceptions of young people from refugee backgrounds.
Potential of Biomass to Liquid-, Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils-, and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters-Blends for Diesel Engines in Passenger Cars

Diesel engines, in combination with modern turbocharging and common rail injection systems, feature comparably high efficiencies coupled with favorable torque characteristics. Therefore, besides the utilization in commercial vehicles, diesel engines gained large market shares within the passenger car sector. The European Union regulates the deployment of biofuels and has issued several targets throughout the years; focusing on the urge to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, as well as on the growing demand for independence of fossil energy sources. This contribution presents investigations on fuel blends containing different shares of biomass to liquid, hydrotreated vegetable oils, and fatty acid methyl ester applied in a state of the art light-duty diesel engine. In general, the reviewed fuel blends exhibit good applicability for the utilization in the test engine with default settings of injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation; adjustments on the just mentioned parameters unveil further potential in terms of emissions and efficiency. Particularly the potential of biomass to liquid blends to partly mitigate the tradeoff between particulate matter and nitrogen oxides deserves distinct attention.
The use of molecular methods in fisheries

The existence of high diversity between fish populations and species, among which some are not completely defined (for instance species of genus Cobitis), as well as negative human influence through overexploatation, non adequate fish stokings and changes of natural habitats, both ensured the fact that fish entered into the focus of many molecular biological investigations. In this paper we give the rewiew of the most used techniques in the differentiation of fish populations, including their advantages and weaknesses. The problem of the reduction of genetic diversity in freshwater (for instance common carp, Cyprinus carpio) and marine (for instance seabass, Dicentrqrchus labrax) aquaculture is also discussed.
Appendiceal intussusception secondary to hamartomatous polyps of Peutz–Jegher syndrome

together to provide excellent services for patients with breast cancer. However, we recognize that in some jurisdictions, demarcation issues exist that may present barriers to optimum care. We welcome the prospect of increased mutual recognition of training, experience and skill sets between our two disciplines. There is scope for more collaboration between the two specialities in post-fellowship training that could help to improve future working relationships. Both disciplines are, by their very nature, collaborative specialities, and this should be able to be harnessed to develop a joint position statement and models of care appropriate for a number of different settings in Australia and New Zealand. We hope to learn much from the I-BREAST project. Moving forward, long-term patient-reported outcomes, including aesthetic outcomes, should form an integral component to the assessment of the quality in breast cancer surgical management.
Cutaneous vs. Mucosal Tropism: The Papillomavirus Paradigm Comes to an “and”

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small, double stranded DNA viruses with a preferential tropism for epithelial tissues (Van Doorslaer et al., 2018). Approximately 300 PV types have been isolated so far and placed in the taxonomy, however several studies indicate thatmanymore PV types exist (Araldi et al., 2017; Brancaccio et al., 2018; Galati et al., 2020). The canonical criteria for the placement of new isolates in the phylogenetic tree, which are based on the percentage of similarity with other known PVs within the L1 gene sequence, establish that a PV is classified as a new viral type when the difference is >10% (de Villiers, 2013). All PV types belong to the family of Papillomaviridae which, according to the most recent classification, is split in two subfamilies sharing <45% of sequence identity in L1, namely Firstpapillomavirinae and Secondpapillomavirinae (Van Doorslaer et al., 2018). Subfamilies are divided in subgroups called genera (α, β, γ, and so on), which are further subdivided into species (numbered as 1, 2, 3, and so on) (de Villiers, 2013). Each of the genera can include animal and human PVs (HPVs), which are numbered consecutively in order of discovery. Secondpapillomavirinae currently includes a single genus (Alefpapillomavirus) and a unique viral species, isolated from a skin lesion of a fish (gilt-head sea bream, Sparus aurata) (Van Doorslaer et al., 2018). Beyond the conventional criteria for classification according to L1 sequence, non-canonical ways based on biological properties have become of common use. For instance, mucosal α-HPVs comprise high-risk (HR) or low-risk types, according to their role in causing malignant or benign lesions, respectively (Zur Hausen, 2002). In addition, PVs can be classified as cutaneous or mucosal, based on their ability to infect cutaneous or mucosal epithelia (de Villiers, 2013). Over decades of research, this tropism-based nomenclature has become almost a paradigm, which has led to PVs affinity for skin or mucosal epithelia being considered as mutually exclusive (de Villiers, 2013). However, a series of recent studies indicate that specific subgroups of animal and human PVs could retain a dual tropism.