Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial colonisation in diverse surface soil types in Surtsey and diversity

11 Colonisation of life on Surtsey has been observed systematically since the formation of the 12 island 50 years ago. Although the first colonisers were prokaryotes, such as bacteria and blue13 green algae, most studies have been focused on settlement of plants and animals but less on 14 microbial succession. To explore microbial colonization in diverse soils and the influence of 15 associate vegetation and birds on numbers of environmental bacteria, we collected 45 samples 16 from different soils types on the surface of the island. Total viable bacterial counts were 17 performed with plate count at 22°, 30° and 37°C for all soils samples and the amount of 18 organic matter and nitrogen (N) was measured. Selected samples were also tested for 19 coliforms, faecal coliforms aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The subsurface biosphere was 20 investigated by collecting liquid subsurface samples from a 182 181 meters borehole with a 21 special sampler. Diversity analysis of uncultivated biota in samples was performed by 16S 22 rRNA gene sequences analysis and cultivation. Correlation was observed between nutrient 23 deficits and the number of microorganisms in surface soils samples. The lowest number of 24 bacteria (1x10-1x10/g) was detected in almost pure pumice but the count was significant 25 higher (1x10-1x10/g) in vegetated soil or pumice with bird droppings. The number of faecal 26 bacteria correlated also to the total number of bacteria and type of soil. Bacteria belonging to 27 Enterobacteriaceae were only detected in vegetated and samples containing bird droppings. 28 The human pathogens Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria were not in any sample. Both 29 thermophilic bacteria and archaea 16S rDNA sequences were found in the subsurface samples 30 collected at 145 m and 172 m depth at 80°C and 54°C, respectively, but no growth was 31 observed in enrichments. The microbiota sequences generally showed low affiliation to any 32 known 16S rRNA gene sequences. 33
Allergy to eggs from duck and goose without sensitization to hen egg proteins.

BACKGROUND Eggs are among the foods most frequently causing allergy. Hen eggs are the most important. Those of other birds are of lesser significance. OBJECTIVE We report an unusual case of food allergy after consumption of eggs from duck and goose in an adult patient without hen egg allergy. METHODS Skin prick tests were performed with fresh white and yolk from eggs of duck and goose and egg white, egg yolk, ovalbumin, and ovomucoid from hen egg. Specific serum IgE was measured to hen egg proteins. SDS-PAGE and IgE immunoblotting were carried out with egg white extracts from hen, duck, and goose. RESULTS Skin tests were positive to egg whites from duck and goose. The skin tests and specific serum IgE were negative to hen egg proteins. Immunoblotting demonstrated the presence of specific IgE to a proteic band of molecular weight around 45 kd. CONCLUSIONS We report a patient with an IgE-mediated allergy to egg white from duck and goose without hen egg allergy. Ovalbumin seems to be the responsible protein. The antigenic determinant of this protein seems to be specific of order Anseriforme and it is not present in the ovalbumin of order Galliforme.
Re: Endocrine factors and adenocarcinoma of the lung in women.

While cigarette smoking is by far the major cause of lung cancer in women, it has been suggested that other factors may act as cocarcinogens, especially with regard to adenocarcinoma, the most common histologic type among women (/). Experimental studies (2-9) indicate a role of endogenous and exogenous hormones. An association between lung cancer and use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women has been reported (10), although no distinction among histologic types or adjustment for smoking was performed. Some reproductive factors have been associated with lung cancer risk in Chinese women (//). Clusters of cancers of the reproductive system and of the lung have been described in some families (12). We analyzed unpublished data collected in a long-standing hospital-based case-control study, described in detail elsewhere (13). One hundred and eighty women with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed primary adenocarcinoma and 303 controls with non-tobacco-, non-hormone-related diseases were included. A standardized questionnaire was administered to both case patients and control patients by a trained interviewer at the time of hospitalization. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using unconditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) as estimates of the relative risk (14) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjustment was made for possible confounders. None of the reproductive variables considered in the analysis was found to be associated with adenocarcinoma (Table 1). An early age at menopause, before or at the age of 40 years, was associated with a decreased risk for adenocarcinoma (OR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1-0.8). The use of ERT was significantly associated with adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.0-2.5 for ever users versus nonusers). No interaction with body mass was observed, while a statistically significant interaction between smoking and ERT was present. The OR of Table 1. ORs and 95% CIs of adenocarcinoma of the lung with some reproductive and hormonal variables*
Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Food Wastes

Pyrolysis is an environmental friendly alternative method compared with incineration, and the least time-consuming and smallest infrastructure footprint method compared with bio-chemical and thermo-chemical conversion. Baseline data for the pyrolysis of food waste was obtained in a kinetic study of the thermal decompositions by thermogravimetric analysis. To simulate the difference in the types of food waste, the study was done using model compounds, such as cereals, meat, vegetable, and mixed food waste; the pyrolysis commenced at 150 °C for most food waste and the process terminated at 450 °C to 500 °C. Between one and three peaks were observed on a differential thermogravimetry (DTG) graph, depending on the type of waste being pyrolyzed, reflecting the difference in the time required for pyrolysis of different components of food waste to take place. Depending on the composition of each food, one or four peaks were found, and the pyrolysis patterns of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and cellulose were found. Activation energies and frequency factors were calculated from the rates of conversion, using differential equation analyses. The activation energy increased from 10 kJ/mol to 50 kJ/mol as conversions increased from the 10% to 90%, regardless of the food waste type. The activation energy was measured as 50 kJ/mol, with a slight variation among the type of the food waste. Due to the activation energy being low, food waste consists of carbohydrates and other substances rather than cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
Neuroprotective effect of HT008‐1, a prescription of traditional Korean medicine, on transient focal cerebral ischemia model in rats

HT008‐1 is one of the prescriptions used in Traditional Korean Medicine for the treatment of mental and physical weakness. It is composed of Panax ginseng, Acanthopanax senticosus, Angelica sinensis and Scutellaria baicalensis, which have been reported to have various pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. The study investigated whether HT008‐1 has neuroprotective effects in a focal cerebral ischemia rat model. Stroke was induced in rats by 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 22 h of reperfusion. HT008‐1 (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) and the component herbs (300 mg/kg) were administered orally twice at 0 and 2 h after ischemia. Oral administration of 300 mg/kg HT008‐1 reduced brain infarction by 45.7%, prolonged the latency time by 24.8% in the rotarod test, and enhanced the score by 17.0% in the balance beam test. Only P. ginseng and S. baicalensis showed protective effects, and HT008‐1 showed a greater effect than its component herbs. HT008‐1 down‐regulated the COX‐2 and OX‐42 expression in the penumbra region. In conclusion, the results show that HT008‐1 may be effective in a rat stroke model by an antiinflammatory mechanism and may improve sensory‐motor function by reducing damage in the cortex and caudoputamen. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially resolved measurement of radiated electromagnetic interference for mapping of noise sources and ambient noise cancellation

An overview over the time-domain measurement techniques for spatially resolved measurement of radiated EMI is given. Time-domain electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement systems sample the broad-band EMI signal with GHz sampling rates. Assuming stationary noise processes all data can be retrieved from two-channel-measurements. The high speed of TDEMI systems allows efficient spatially resolved measurement of the field correlations.
Peripheral neuropathy in amyotrophic chorea‐acanthocytosis

We investigated involvement of the peripheral nervous system in 6 patients with amyotrophic chorea‐acanthocytosis. Electromyographic and neurographic findings, and pathological changes as demonstrated by examination of biopsy specimens of muscle and sural nerve indicate that most patients had an axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy with more pronounced involvement of the distal portion of the nerves. Results obtained in one patient raised the question of an anterior horn cell disorder.
Foundations of Interactive sound Design for Traditional Storytelling

The traditional practice of oral storytelling has particular characteristics that make it amenable to extending with interactive electroacoustic sound. Recent developments in mobile device and sound generation technologies are also lend themselves to the particular practices of the traditional art form. This paper establishes a context for interactive sound design in a domain that has been little explored in order to create an agenda for future research. The goal is to identify the opportunities and constraints for sound particularly suited to live storytelling, and to identify criteria for evaluating interaction designs. The storytelling domain addressed includes not only particular instances of telling, but also the variability of stories between tellings and tellers, as well as the mechanisms by which stories are passed between tellers. The outcome of the research will be a computer-based platform providing storytellers with the ability to create auditory scenes, sonic elements, and vocal transformations that are controllable in real time in order to support the telling, retelling, and sharing of stories.
Effect of hospital volume, surgeon experience, and surgeon volume on patient outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single-institution experience.

OBJECTIVE To determine the importance of hospital volume, surgeon experience, and surgeon volume in performing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS From 1980 through 2007, 1003 patients underwent PD by 19 surgeons at a university hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient morbidity and mortality, quality of resection, and learning curve were examined according to hospital volume (period 1: 1980-2003 vs period 2: 2004-2007), surgeon experience (total number of PDs), and surgeon volume (number of PDs per year). RESULTS Perioperative morbidity and mortality for all 1003 PDs were 41% and 3%, respectively. Differences existed between period 1 and period 2 in percentage of PDs performed in elderly patients (7% vs 17%), mortality (4% vs 2%), estimated blood loss (1817 mL vs 780 mL), length of stay (18 days vs 12 days), and proportion of International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula grade C pancreatic fistulae (29% vs 12%). Surgeons with less experience (<50 PDs) performed PD with higher morbidity (53% vs 39%), pancreatic fistula rate (20% vs 10%), estimated blood loss (1918 mL vs 1101 mL), and operative time (458 minutes vs 335 minutes) compared with surgeons with more experience (> or =50 PDs). Experienced surgeons had comparable outcomes irrespective of annual volume. Mortality, margins, and number of lymph nodes resected were not affected by surgeon experience or surgeon volume. Learning curves projected that less experienced surgeons would achieve morbidity and mortality rates equivalent to those of experienced surgeons when they reached 20 and 60 PDs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in PD outcomes, including mortality, occurred with increased PD volume at a pancreatic center. Surgeon experience remained an important determinant of overall morbidity. Experienced surgeons, however, had comparable outcomes irrespective of annual volume.
Differentiation of Spores of Bacillus subtilis Grown in Different Media by Elemental Characterization Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT We demonstrate the use of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) in a forensics application to distinguish Bacillus subtilis spores grown in various media based on the elemental signatures of the spores. Triplicate cultures grown in each of four different media were analyzed to obtain TOF-SIMS signatures comprised of 16 elemental intensities. Analysis of variance was unable to distinguish growth medium types based on 40Ca-normalized signatures of any single normalized element. Principal component analysis proved successful in separating the spores into groups consistent with the media in which they were prepared. Confusion matrices constructed using nearest-neighbor classification of the PCA scores confirmed the predictive utility of TOF-SIMS elemental signatures in identifying sporulation medium. Theoretical calculations based on the number and density of spores in an analysis area indicate an analytical sample size of about 1 ng, making this technique an attractive method for bioforensics applications.
Unilateral Sacroiliitis: Differential Diagnosis Between Infectious Sacroiliitis and Spondyloarthritis Based on MRI Findings.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the MRI features that aid in the differentiation between infectious sacroiliitis and unilateral sacroiliitis associated with spondyloarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MR images of 54 patients who received a diagnosis unilateral sacroiliitis between August 2001 and August 2013 were reviewed. MR images were evaluated for bone lesions (extent and distribution of bone marrow edema and presence and size of bone erosions), soft-tissue lesions (capsulitis, extracapsular fluid collections, and periarticular muscle edema), and joint space enhancement. The Fisher exact test was used for comparison of categoric data, and multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Thick capsulitis, extracapsular fluid collection, and periarticular muscle edema were all more frequently observed in infectious sacroiliitis (p < 0.001). Iliac-dominant bone marrow edema and joint space enhancement were statistically significantly more common in spondyloarthritis (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). The presence of periarticular muscle edema was the only independently differentiating variable on multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis. When periarticular muscle edema was the sole predictor, unilateral sacroiliitis in spondyloarthritis was correctly identified in 77.3% of cases, and infectious sacroiliitis was correctly identified in 90.6% of cases. The overall accuracy was 85.2%. CONCLUSION MRI features of the bone lesions, soft-tissue lesions, and joint space enhancement in unilateral sacroiliitis aid in the differential diagnosis between infection and spondyloarthritis. Among various findings, periarticular muscle edema was the single most important predictor of infectious sacroiliitis.
A constraint programming pre-processor for duty scheduling

The bus driver scheduling problem involves assigning a set of drivers to cover all available bus work such that every bus is assigned a driver, the number of duties is minimised and each duty conforms to the rules governing them regarding maximum driving time and so on. Generally this problem is solved using mathematical programming methods. The University of Leeds has developed a driver scheduling system, TRACS-I I, that solves the bus driver scheduling problem by first generating a large set of potential duties and selecting a subset of these via the associated set covering ILP to form the schedule. The size of the set of potential duties used by TRACS-I I is directly related to the number of relief opportunities present in the original bus schedule. Each relief opportunity potentially serves as a handover point between two bus shifts. A bus schedule containing many relief opportunities can have a very large set of potential shifts generated to cover the buswork. The complexity of the ILP is related to the number of relief opportunities present in the bus schedule. This thesis describes a pre-processing stage for the TRACS-I I scheduling system. The pre-processor selects potentially useful relief opportunities from the bus schedule. The shifts generated by TRACS-I I are restricted to the subset of relief opportunities made available to it by the pre-processor. The reduction of the number of relief opportunities serves to reduce the complexity of the resulting set covering problem by reducing the number of variables and constraints in the ILP. The pre-processor itself uses constraint programming to find several possible ways of selecting relief opportunities from the morning and evening portions of the bus schedule. This is done by exploiting useful properties found in good driver schedules, specifically the chaining together of driver duties such that when one driver takes a break another driver finishing a break continues on the same bus. The pre-processor described has been shown to be effective on a wide variety of schedules in that the minimum number of drivers is almost always used and, in some cases, cheaper schedules can be produced.
Deodorizing Ability of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Dokudami) for Masking Garlic Odor

The deodorizing activity of dokudami ( Houttuyniacordata Thunb.) for masking the odor of fresh garlic was investigated, and the volatility of the deodorizing compounds was examined. Two grams of garlic was placed in a beaker and heated for 5 min at 40 °C. Next, aliquots of 0.01 and 0.05 g of powdered samples of seven plants (dokudami, thyme, rosemary, coriander, dandelion, spiny sow thistle and green tea) were mixed with 1 ml of volatile or non-volatile dokudami extract and added to the garlic sample. The garlic odor intensity was subsequently evaluated by sniffing by 10 trained individuals. The deodorizing activity test was carried out at 0, 3 and 6 h after adding the dokudami extract. The deodorizing effect of dokudami on masking garlic odor was the highest of any plant and became higher with increased dose. In addition, the deodorizing activity of dokudami increased with time and persisted. Moreover, whether the deodorizing compounds of dokudami were volatile or non-volatile was investigated. The deodorizing activity of a volatile solution of dokudami against garlic was extremely higher than that of dokudami dry powder. Our findings revealed that the deodorizing compound of dokudami is volatile.
Increased Activity‐Regulating and Neuroprotective Efficacy of α‐Secretase‐Derived Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein Conferred by a C‐Terminal Heparin‐Binding Domain

Abstract: Proteolytic cleavage of β‐amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) by α‐secretase results in release of one secreted form (sAPP) of APP (sAPPα), whereas cleavage by β‐secretase releases a C‐terminally truncated sAPP (sAPPβ) plus amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ). βAPP mutations linked to some inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease may alter its processing such that levels of sAPPα are reduced and levels of sAPPβ increased. sAPPαs may play important roles in neuronal plasticity and survival, whereas Aβ can be neurotoxic. sAPPα was ∼100‐fold more potent than sAPPβ in protecting hippocampal neurons against excitotoxicity, Aβ toxicity, and glucose deprivation. Whole‐cell patch clamp and calcium imaging analyses showed that sAPPβ was less effective than sAPPα in suppressing synaptic activity, activating K+ channels, and attenuating calcium responses to glutamate. Using various truncated sAPPα and sAPPβ APP695 products generated by eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems, and synthetic sAPP peptides, the activity of sAPPα was localized to amino acids 591–612 at the C‐terminus. Heparinases greatly reduced the actions of sAPPαs, indicating a role for a heparin‐binding domain at the C‐terminus of sAPPα in receptor activation. These findings indicate that alternative processing of βAPP has profound effects on the bioactivity of the resultant sAPP products and suggest that reduced levels of sAPPα could contribute to neuronal degeneration in Alzhiemer's disease.
Impact of the steepness of the slope on the biomechanics of World Cup slalom skiers.

PURPOSE Numerous environmental factors can affect alpine-ski-racing performance, including the steepness of the slope. However, little research has focused on this factor. Accordingly, the authors' aim was to determine the impact of the steepness of the slope on the biomechanics of World Cup slalom ski racers. METHODS The authors collected 3-dimensional kinematic data during a World Cup race from 10 male slalom skiers throughout turns performed on a relatively flat (19.8°) and steep (25.2°) slope under otherwise similar course conditions. RESULTS Kinematic data revealed differences between the 2 slopes regarding the turn radii of the skis and center of gravity, velocity, acceleration, and differential specific mechanical energy (all P < .001). Ground-reaction forces (GRFs) also tended toward differences (P = .06). Examining the time-course behaviors of variables during turn cycles indicated that steeper slopes were associated with slower velocities but greater accelerations during turn initiation, narrower turns with peak GRFs concentrated at the midpoint of steering, more pronounced lateral angulations of the knees and hips at the start of steering that later became less pronounced, and overall slower turns that involved deceleration at completion. Consequently, distinct energy-dissipation-patterns were apparent on the 2 slope inclines, with greater pregate and lesser postgate dissipation on the steeper slope. The steepness of the slope also affected the relationships between mechanical skiing variables. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that specific considerations during training and preparation would benefit the race performance of slalom skiers on courses involving sections of varying steepness.
Residuated Lattices

The theory of residuated lattices, first proposed by Ward and Dilworth [5], is formalised in Isabelle/HOL. This includes concepts of residuated functions; their adjoints and conjugates. It also contains necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of these operations in an arbitrary lattice. The mathematical components for residuated lattices are linked to the AFP entry for relation algebra. In particular, we prove Jónsson and Tsinakis [2] conditions for a residuated boolean algebra to form a relation algebra.