Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cultural And Risk-Related Determinants Of Gender Differences In Ultimatum Bargaining

We study culture and risk aversion as causes of gender differences in ultimatum bargaining. It has often been conjectured in the literature that gender differences in bargaining experiments are partly due to differences in risky decision making. Using the data obtained from our experimental sessions with Spanish subjects, we are able to disentangle risk-related and genuinely gender-specific effects in ultimatum games framed as salary negotiation between an employer and an employee. First, we confirm the broadly accepted result that women are more risk averse than men. Gender differences in both employer and employee-subjects' behavior remain significant after risk attitudes are accounted for. In fact, we show that the reported gender differences are not because of but rather despite females' higher risk aversion. Gender effects are found to depend also on cultural differences. Greek and Spanish females reject more and offer lower wages than males. British subjects exhibit gender effects only with respect to employee behavior, but the sign of the effect is opposite to that observed in the case of Greece and Spain.
Spectrophotometric Determination of pKa and Log P of Risperidone

Objective: The spectrophotometric determination of pKa and Log P of Risperidone. Materials and Methods: From the perspective of dosage form design and pharmaceutical analysis, the dissociation constant and partition coefficient are the most important physicochemical properties of a drug which need to be determined. The pKa determination of Risperidone was carried out using a simple UV–Visible spectrophotometric method and Log P was estimated using shake flask method followed by UV analysis. Results and Conclusion: This study reports the experimental value of pKa and log P for Risperidone, an anti-psychotic drug, for the first time. The pKa value of Risperidone was found to be 8.62 and log P of Risperidone was estimated to be 3.50.
Effects of Pinus densiflora on soil chemical and microbial properties in Pb-contaminated forest soil

We investigated the effect of Pb uptake by Pinus densiflora and the Pb fraction in forest soil. We also investigated the change in soil physicochemical characteristics, microbial activity, and root exudates of Pinus densiflora in Pb-contaminated soils. Three-year-old pine seedlings were exposed to 500 mg/kg Pb for 12 months. The metal fractions were measured using sequential extraction procedures. Additionally, factors that affect solubility (three soil enzyme activities and amino acids of root exudate compounds) were also determined. The results showed that Pb contamination significantly decreased enzyme activities due to soil characteristics. In addition, organic matter, nitrate content, and Pb concentration were time dependent. The results indicate that changes in the Pb fraction affected Pb uptake by pine trees due to an increase in the exchangeable Pb fraction. The concentrations of organic acids were higher in Pb-spiked soil than those in control soil. Higher rhizosphere concentrations of oxalic acid resulted in increased Pb uptake from the soil. These results suggest that pine trees can change soil properties using root exudates due to differences in the metal fraction.
Activin-A, myostatin and interleukin-6 in cancer associated cachexia

Cachexia is a muscle wasting condition associated with multiple different chronic illnesses, such as cancer, diabetes and AIDS. In cancer, approximately 80% of patients with advanced disease have symptoms of muscle wasting, and around 25% of cancer mortality concerns cachexia. Elevated serum levels of different cytokines and TGFprotein family members, such as Interleukin-6, Myostatin and Activin-A, have been observed in cachetic patients and test animals. However, the mechanistic role and the relative contribution of these molecules to muscle loss in the syndrome have not yet been fully elucidated. In this thesis, the gene-expression levels of Activin-A, Myostatin and Interleukin-6 was assessed with Reverse-Transcriptase quantitative PCR from the tumor and muscle tissue of cachetic C26-tumor-bearing mice to clarify whether they arise from the tumor or are muscle derived. Additionally, transfection of CAGA-luciferase plasmid construct was optimized for the C2C12 murine myoblast cell-line to be utilized in research concerning TGFmediated cancer-associated cachexia in vitro. The function of the construct was tested by administration of exogenous Activin-A, with and without its inhibitor, into the C2C12 growth media. This thesis showed a marked increase in the expression levels of Activin-A (inhibinA) and IL-6 mRNA in cachexia inducing tumors (C26) when compared to tumors not inducing cachexia (Lewis-Lung-Cancer) (P < 0.001). Additionally, the results show decrease in muscle-derived Activin-A (inhibinA) in the cachetic groups (P < 0.05). These results imply that Activin-A and Interleukin-6 are strongly induced in the tumors that produced cachexia in vivo. This work also presents a successful, optimized plasmid transfection protocol for the notoriously transfection resistant C2C12-myoblast cell line. The presented in vitro –method can partially replace animal tests in related settings, when studying the mechanistic effects of cachexia-inducing TGFproteins on muscle tissue.
Evolution of magnetic flux in an isolated reconnection process

A realistic notion of magnetic reconnection is essential to understand the dynamics of magnetic fields in plasmas. Therefore a three-dimensional reconnection process is modeled in a region of nonvanishing magnetic field and is analyzed with respect to the way in which the connection of magnetic flux is changed. The process is localized in space in the sense that the diffusion region is limited to a region of finite radius in an otherwise ideal plasma. A kinematic, stationary model is presented, which allows for analytical solutions. Aside from the well-known flipping of magnetic flux in the reconnection process, the localization requires additional features which were not present in previous two- and 2.5-dimensional models. In particular, rotational plasma flows above and below the diffusion region are found, which substantially modify the process.
Diagnosis and correction of iron chlorosis in fruit trees: A review

Several plant species grown in calcareous soils in arid and semiarid regions are iron-deficient, a condition known as limeinduced iron chlorosis, or simply as iron chlorosis. The nutritional status of perennial plants is commonly evaluated by leaf analysis. However, there is often no correlation between iron in leaves and degree of chlorosis, and therefore leaf analysis presents serious limitations as a technique to evaluate lime-induced iron chlorosis. Recently, a technique for the early prognosis of iron chlorosis based on floral analysis was developed for fruit trees to help prevent the development of iron deficiency and avoid losses in yield and quality. Correction of iron chlorosis is commonly carried out by massive applications of synthetic iron chelates to soils. Since iron is rapidly immobilised in the soil, this treatment has to be repeated each year, representing a major part of fertilizer costs. Environmental impacts of chelates in soils have not been properly investigated, but it is known that they also result in enhanced plant uptake of metals such as copper and nickel. Alternative, more environment-friendly treatments are being evaluated. In this article we concentrate on reviewing current methods to detect and correct iron chlorosis in fruit trees.
The problems of C program verification

The fully automatic verification of programs is a tempting and hardly accessible goal of modern programming. The low-level nature of the most popular programming languages, such as C and C+, has raised its difficulty to a new level. New formal methods and specification languages are required, because the classical Hoare approach and first-level logics are no more adequate for the task. This paper has two aims. First, it gives an overview of the two-level approach to verification of C-light programs and, second, it describes the successful application of this method to verification of so called “verification challenges”. An interface with the theorem provers Simplify and Z3 is presented when discussing the proof of verification conditions.
A BAYESIAN CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM FOR

We present a classification algorithm based on bayesian probabilities computed from the Besançon model of the Galaxy. The scheme is as follows: A simulation in the direction of the stars to be classified is performed from the Galaxy model. Then, assuming values and errors on the observables (e.g., G magnitude, colours, kinematics,.), probabilities of a star to belong to a given stellar population, and to have such luminosity class, spectral type, and other intrinsic parameters, are deduced, based on the probabilities of having such combination of observables in the simulation. This method can be used further to classify Gaia stars during the mission. It can also be used to identify stars having unexpected observables measured by Gaia instruments and to trigger a Science Alert.
Study effect of IL-35 and some sex hormones in male patients who have multiple sclerosis (MS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination. Currently, the cause of MS is unknown. An early and accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is very important, since it allows early treatment initiation, which reduces the activity of the disease. The present study aimed to focus a light on the contribution of interlukin-35 (IL-35) and its relation to some hormones such as testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin (PRL) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Twenty two enrollers (samples) attended from Teaching hospital of Baghdad were divided into two groups. Ten enrollers were described as healthy subject as control group as group 1 (G1) in range ages (20-30) years. Twelve male patients as group 2 (2) have been relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) matched in age with group 1 (G1).
Using Serious Games to Support Learning in Healthcare

This paper discusses some of the challenges with learning in general and particularly with procedural learning within healthcare. The paper also presents an overview of the advantages that are offered when adopting a game based approach, this is elements like motivation, enjoyment, immersion and a strong desire to complete a training session. It is important to note that there also exist a number of challenges when creating games based learning, this includes how to incorporate motivational challenges, timely and relevant feedback whilst still remaining focused on the learning
A Comparative Analysis of Dividend Payout Trend of Indian Telecom & Steel Industries

In the literature of financial management, dividend policy of the firms is considered as one of the important decision area where a firm has to make a choice between what portion of earnings is to be retained by the firm and what portion is to be paid off. Several questions related to dividend decisions remain perplexing because of diverse and conflicting theories and empirical results.
Detecting P 2 P Botnets through Network Behavior Analysis and Machine Learning

Botnets have become one of the major threats on the Internet for serving as a vector for carrying attacks against organizations and committing cybercrimes. Botnet s are used to generate spam, conduct DDOS attacks and click-fraud , and steal sensitive information. In this paper, we propose a new approach for characterizing and detecting botnets usin g network traffic behaviors. Our approach focuses on detecting the bots before they launch their attack. We focus in this paper on detecting P2P bots, which represent the newest and most challenging types of botnets currently available. We studythe ability of 5 different commonly used machine learning techniques in meeting online botnet detection requirements, which inc lude adaptability, novelty detection, and early detection. Theresults of our experimental evaluation based on existing datasets s how that it is possible to detect effectively botnets during thebotnet Command-and-Control (C&C) phase and before they launch their attacks using traffic behaviors only. However, none ofthe studied techniques can address all the above requirements a t once.
A Modular Approach to Platooning Maneuvers

Driving vehicles in platoons has the potential to improve traffic efficiency, increase safety, reduce fuel consumption, and make driving experience more enjoyable. A lot of effort is being spent in the development of technologies, like radars, enabling automated cruise control following and ensuring emergency braking if the driver does not react in time; but these technologies alone do not empower real platooning. As platoons will initially share the road with human-driven vehicles, interesting new questions regarding the interactions between the two categories of vehicles arise. In this paper we briefly describe the focus of our research, i.e., the analysis of interferences caused by non-automated vehicles during a maneuver. As an example, we consider the JOIN maneuver. We define the application layer protocol to support the maneuver, together with situations that can prevent successful termination, and describe how they can be detected. We then show the validity of the idea by simulating some sample scenarios, showing either that the maneuver can successfully be performed, or safely be aborted. As final contribution, we describe our idea toward a modular approach, i.e., the development of complex maneuvers by combining smaller sub-maneuvers, aiming to ease development and safety analysis.
Distribution of sensory processing disorder in children 5 to 11 years in Tehran city

Introduction: Sensory Processing Disorder as defined by difficulties in setting up and organizing the variety and intensity of responses to sensory input for compliance with environmental requirements. This study was designed to investigate the distribution of sensory processing disorder in children 5 to 11 years in Tehran city based on sensory profile questionnaire. Methods: This study was a descriptive and cross sectional study that performed in children who have 5 to 11 years old. Data collection included a demographic questionnaire and a sensory profile questionnaire Results: In this study 2191 cases were evaluated in terms of sensory processing factors. According to this study morbidity from sensory processing disorder in boys is higher than for girls. Also the most common disorder was observed in sensory sensitivity factor and the lowest was fine movement and perception. Conclusion: Different sensory processing function in these children may explain their abnormal behaviors. These sensory processing dysfunction effects on child's daily life in areas such as play, academic skills and peer relationships, self-help activities. Therapists should consider the child's sensory processing functions when they set therapeutic plans. Declaration of Interest: None.
Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation

The GF Eclipse Plugin provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for developing grammars in the Grammatical Framework (GF). Built on top of the Eclipse Platform, it aids grammar writing by providing instant syntax checking, semantic warnings and cross-reference resolution. Inline documentation and a library browser facilitate the use of existing resource libraries, and compilation and testing of grammars is greatly improved through single-click launch configurations and an in-built test case manager for running treebank regression tests. This IDE promotes grammar-based systems by making the tasks of writing grammars and using resource libraries more efficient, and provides powerful tools to reduce the barrier to entry to GF and encourage new users of the framework. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. FP7-ICT-247914.
A Nonlinear Observer Design for P-Cells Chopper

This paper deals with an observer design for a P-Cell Chopper. The goal is to reduce dras- tically the number of sensors in such system by using an observer in order to estimate all the capacitor voltages. Furthermore, considering an instantaneous model of a p-cell chopper, an interconnected ob- server is designed in order to estimate the capacitor voltages and some parameters of the model. This is realized by using only the load current measurement. Simulation results are given in order to illustrate the performance of such observer. To show the validity of our approach, experimental based a DSP re- sults are presented. The power electronics knows important technological developments. This is carried out thanks to the develop- ments of the semiconductor of power components but also of new systems of energy conversion. Among these sys- tems, multicellular converters are based on the association in series of the elementary cells of commutation. This structure appeared at the beginning of the 90's (14), makes it possible to share the constraints in tension and/or while running in high voltages installations by the cells of com- mutation series-connected and also to improve the har- monic contents of the forms of waves. To benefit as well as possible from the large potential of the multicellular structure, research then went in various directions. Initially models were developed to describe their instantaneous behaviors (4), harmonic (6) or averag- ing (1) and (2). These various models were used at the base for the development of laws of open-loop control (12) and closed-loop, (21). Modelling is a very important phase for the synthesis of the laws of order and the observers. In this article, we developed new observer for p-cellular converters. For that, the instantaneous model of the p-cell chopper is considered in order to design an observer esti- mating the flying capacitor voltage. The proposed observer design is based on the class of nonlinear systems which can be written in a form of affine state systems, for which the problem of state observer design has been studied. This class of observer is based on the excitation condition in order to guarantee the convergence of it. The paper is organized as follows: In the first section, some definitions and notation used for instantaneous model of p-cell chopper are introduced. In section 2, the proper- ties of the observer p-cell chopper is given. The observer design for this class of converter using the instantaneous model is presented in the section 3. The interconnected observer design is presented, where a 5 cell chopper con- verter is considered in order to estimate the capacitor volt- ages which are unmeasurable. In section 4, a 2 cell chopper converter with unknown parameters is analyzed. In this case, an observer design is presented in order to estimate the capacitor voltage and the voltage of the source and the resistance which are assumed unknown and con- stant. Simulations and experimental results are shown in order to illustrate the performance of the proposed observer. Finally, some conclusions are given.
Measuring Student Satisfaction in Online Mathematics Courses -- RESEARCH

For many years, various colleges and universities have found it difficult to measure student satisfaction in online courses. This study examined the growth of math courses that are delivered in the online format. This study looks to address the gaps in the research literature concerning online, hybrid, and traditional education. In particular, it is the intention of this study to investigate satisfaction and its effect on the performance of students as a result of enrolling in online mathematics courses. Many researchers have sought to find ways to determine student satisfaction in online courses. Satisfaction and performance in distance education have always been seen in comparison with traditional education that implements instruction through face-to-face interactions. This study will extend the comparison to include online and hybrid education. An examination of the research literature shows that researchers measure satisfaction and performance in various ways. This situation may well be responsible for the inconsistencies regarding satisfaction and performance found among empirical studies. Although the present study found that older students were not as satisfied in online mathematics courses as younger students, it is not equipped to investigate the reasons driving their lower satisfaction. Future research should look into possible reasons.
Energy Harvesting Using Adaptive Duty-Cycling Algorithm-Wireless Sensor Networks

With the wide spread use of wireless sensor network, the management of the energy resources has become a topic of reseaech. Wireless sensor nodes which harvest energy from the environment have become an to battery hooped up nodes. Requirements for economical use of the extracted energy led to development of algorithms that manage the node functions depending on the amount of collected energy. This article introduces a unique solution of adaptively setting the duty-cycle of a wireless sensor nodes so as to maximize its monitoring lifetime. The developed algorithms are particularly suited to energy harvesting wireless sensor networks situated in locations where energy is scarce or where harvested power exhibits ample diurnal or seasonal variation. The results described in this article shows that the proposed wireless sensor network architecture can represent a viable solution for monitoring indoor environments characterized by low illumination. The setup was tested and validated under various lighting conditions, using the adaptive techniques described in the paper.
A TL AN TA Estimating Dynamic Equilibrium Economies : Linear versus Nonlinear Likelihood

This paper compares two methods for undertaking likelihood-based inference in dynamic equilibrium economies: a sequential Monte Carlo filter proposed by Fernández-Villaverde and RubioRamírez (2004) and the Kalman filter. The sequential Monte Carlo filter exploits the nonlinear structure of the economy and evaluates the likelihood function of the model by simulation methods. The Kalman filter estimates a linearization of the economy around the steady state. The authors report two main results. First, both for simulated and for real data, the sequential Monte Carlo filter delivers a substantially better fit of the model to the data as measured by the marginal likelihood. This is true even for a nearly linear case. Second, the differences in terms of point estimates, even if relatively small in absolute values, have important effects on the moments of the model. The authors conclude that the nonlinear filter is a superior procedure for taking models to the data. JEL classification: C63, C68, E37