Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROCESSOS PROLIFERATIVOS NÃO-NEOPLÁSICOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA.

Os processos proliferativos nao-neoplasicos ou lesoes proliferativas nao-neoplasicas (PPNN), sao lesoes orais resultantes de uma resposta orgânica a inumeras agressoes, tais como calculos subgengivais, ma adaptacao protetica, mau estado de conservacao de dentes, restauracoes mal elaboradas com excessos interproximais, podendo ainda estar associadas a processos infecciosos de origem dentaria, como por exemplo, raizes residuais. Geralmente sao caracterizados pelo crescimento de tecido gengival bem delimitado, como nodulos; ou difusos, como massas teciduais; de consistencia fibrosa ou flacida (resiliente); de sintomatologia e coloracao que variam; de base sessil ou pediculada; frequentemente apresentando sangramento ao toque; com perda do aspecto de “casca de laranja” da superficie. O crescimento gengival e iniciado pela papila interdentaria chegando a atingir a gengiva marginal. Embora tenha predilecao pela gengiva, tambem pode ser localizado na regiao extragengival, com caracteristicas clinicas variaveis, onde em alguns casos se assemelham com lesoes malignas. Os PPNN de maior prevalencia sao: Lesao periferica de celulas gigantes (LPCG), Granuloma piogenico (GP), Fibroma ossificante periferico (FOP) e Hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatoria (HFI). Usou-se a tecnica da pesquisa bibliografica, utilizando as fontes bibliograficas do tipo de publicacoes encontradas em livros especializados, revistas e artigos cientificos como a Medline e Bireme, tendo como palavras-chave: lesoes proliferativas nao neoplasicas, entre os anos de 2000 a 2015. Dentre todos os trabalhos avaliados, os autores sao unânimes na indicacao da excisao cirurgica, apos exames microscopicos que comprovem o diagnostico de PPNN, com raspagem periodontal de elementos dentarios envolvidos na lesao, para que diminuam os riscos de recidiva, que podem variar de 8% a 16% dependendo do caso. O conhecimento destas lesoes, desde sua forma de diagnostico ao tratamento e de importância devido a possibilidade do diagnostico diferencial com neoplasias benignas ou malignas.
Clinical‐etiologic correlation in children with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS): An interdisciplinary study

Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystemic disorder caused by the loss of expression of paternally transcribed genes within chromosome 15q11‐q13. Most cases are due to paternal deletion of this region; the remaining cases result from maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) and imprinting defects. To better understand the phenotypic variability of PWS, a genotype–phenotype correlation study was performed in 91 children with PWS. Patients were diagnosed by Southern Blot Methylation assay and genetic subtypes were established using FISH and microsatellite analyses. Fifty‐nine subjects with deletion (31/28 males/females; mean age 3.86 years), 30 with UPD (14/16 males/females; mean age 3.89 years) and 2 girls with a presumed imprinting defect (mean age 0.43 yrs) were identified. For correlation purposes patients were grouped as “deleted” and “non‐deleted. ” An increased maternal age was found in the UPD group. Four of Holm's criteria were more frequently present in the deleted group: need for special feeding techniques, sleep disturbance, hypopigmentation, and speech articulation defects. Concerning cognitive assessments, only 9.52% of subjects with deletion had Full‐Scale IQ (FSIQ) ≥70, while 61.53% of subjects without deletion had FSIQ ≥70. Similar results were found in behavioral measures. Sleep disorders and carbohydrate metabolism were systematically assessed. Polysomnoghaphic studies revealed a higher frequency of central events with desaturations ≥10% in the deleted group (P = 0.020). In summary, the phenotype was significantly different between both groups in certain parameters related to the CNS. These results might be related to the differences in brain gene expression of the genetic subtypes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heart rate and blood pressure variabilities in salt-sensitive hypertension.

In salt-sensitive hypertension, a high sodium intake causes plasma catecholamines to rise and pulmonary baroreceptor plasticity to fall. In salt-sensitive and salt-resistant hypertensive subjects during low and high sodium intakes, we studied autonomic nervous system activity by power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities and baroreceptor sensitivity. In all subjects, high sodium intake significantly enhanced the low-frequency power of heart rate and arterial pressures at rest and after sympathetic stress. It also increased heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities. During high sodium intake, salt-sensitive hypertensive subjects had significantly higher low-frequency powers of systolic arterial pressure (7.5 mm Hg2, P < .05) and of heart rate at rest (59.2 +/- 2.4 normalized units [NU], P < .001) than salt-resistant subjects (6.6 +/- 0.3 mm Hg2, 55.0 +/- 3.2 NU) and normotensive control subjects (5.1 +/- 0.5 mm Hg2, 41.6 +/- 2.9 NU). In salt-sensitive subjects, low sodium intake significantly reduced low-frequency normalized units (P < .001) and the ratio of low- to high-power frequency (P < .001). High-sodium intake significantly increased baroreflex sensitivity in control subjects (from 10.0 +/- 0.7 to 17.5 +/- 0.7 ms/mm Hg, P < .001) and salt-resistant subjects (from 6.9 +/- 0.7 to 13.9 +/- 0.9, P < .05) but not in salt-sensitive subjects (7.4 +/- 0.3 to 7.9 +/- 0.4). In conclusion, a high sodium intake markedly enhances cardiac sympathetic activity in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant hypertension. In contrast, although reduced sodium intake lowers arterial pressure and sympathetic activity, it does so only in salt-sensitive subjects. Hence, in salt-resistant subjects, neither arterial pressure nor sympathetic activity depends on salt intake. During a high sodium intake in normotensive subjects and salt-resistant hypertensive subjects, increased sympathetic activity is probably compensated by enhanced baroreflex sensitivity.
Optimal Control of Semilinear Parabolic Equations with $\k$-Approximate Periodic Solutions

In this paper, we study some optimal control problems governed by certain semilinear parabolic equations with ${\mathcal K}$-approximate periodic solutions. We first prove the existence and uniqueness theorems for ${\mathcal K}$-approximate periodic solutions of the equations. We then use these results to establish the qualified Pontryagin maximum principle. The existence for such optimal controls is also investigated in the paper.
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation via face mask. First-line intervention in patients with acute hypercapnic and hypoxemic respiratory failure.

OBJECTIVES We have previously reported our experience with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) via face mask in a small group of selected patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). NPPV was frequently effective (70% success rate) in correcting gas exchange abnormalities and in avoiding endotracheal intubation (ETI); NPPV also had a low rate of complications. We have evaluated the clinical application of NPPV as first-line intervention in patients with hypercapnic and short-term hypoxemic ARF. A dedicated respiratory therapist conducted an educational program with physicians-in-training rotating through the medical ICUs of a university medical center and supervised implementation of a simplified management protocol. Over 24 months, 164 patients with heterogeneous forms of ARF received NPPV. We report on the effectiveness of NPPV in correcting gas exchange abnormalities, in avoiding ETI, and associated complications, in different conditions precipitating ARF. PATIENT POPULATION One hundred fifty-eight patients completed the study. Forty-one had hypoxemic ARF, 52 had hypercapnic ARF, 22 had hypercapnic acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI), 17 had other forms of ARF, and 26 with advanced illness had ARF and refused intubation. Twenty-five percent of the patients developed ARF after extubation. INTERVENTION Mechanical ventilation was delivered via a face mask. Initial ventilatory settings were continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mode, 5 cm H2O, with pressure support ventilation of 10 to 20 cm H2O titrated to achieve a respiratory rate less than 25 breaths/min and an exhaled tidal volume of 7 mL/kg or more. Ventilator settings were adjusted following arterial blood gases (ABG) results. RESULTS The mean duration of NPPV was 25 +/- 24 h. When the 26 patients with advanced illness are excluded, NPPV was effective in improving or correcting gas exchange abnormalities in 105 patients (80%) and avoiding ETI in 86 (65%). Failure to improve ABG values was the reason for ETI in 20 of 46 (43%). The overall average predicted and actual mortality were 32% and 16%, respectively. Survival was 93% in non-intubated patients and 79% in intubated patients. NPPV was effective in lessening dyspnea throughout treatment in all but seven patients. Complications developed in 24 patients (16%). In patients with hypercapnic ARF, nonresponders had a higher PaCO2 at entrance (91.5 +/- 4.2 vs 80 +/- 1.5; p < 0.01). In patients with hypercapnic ARF and ARI, arterial blood gases response (pH and PaCO2) within 2 h of NPPV predicted success (p < 0.0001). None of the entrance parameters predicted need for ETI. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that application of NPPV in clinical practice is an effective and safe alternative to ETI in many hemodynamically stable patients with hypercapnic ARF and in those with hypoxemic ARF in whom the clinical condition can be readily reversed in 48 to 72 h. An educational and supervision program is essential to successfully implement this form of therapy.
Glucose-6-phosphatase Overexpression Lowers Glucose 6-Phosphate and Inhibits Glycogen Synthesis and Glycolysis in Hepatocytes without Affecting Glucokinase Translocation

In hepatocytes glucokinase (GK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (Glc-6-Pase)1 have converse effects on glucose 6-phosphate (and fructose 6-phosphate) levels. To establish whether hexose 6-phosphate regulates GK binding to its regulatory protein, we determined the effects of Glc-6-Pase overexpression on glucose metabolism and GK compartmentation. Glc-6-Pase overexpression (4-fold) decreased glucose 6-phosphate levels by 50% and inhibited glycogen synthesis and glycolysis with a greater negative control coefficient on glycogen synthesis than on glycolysis, but it did not affect the response coefficients of glycogen synthesis or glycolysis to glucose, and it did not increase the control coefficient of GK or cause dissociation of GK from its regulatory protein, indicating that in hepatocytes fructose 6-phosphate does not regulate GK translocation by feedback inhibition. GK overexpression increases glycolysis and glycogen synthesis with a greater control coefficient on glycogen synthesis than on glycolysis. On the basis of the similar relative control coefficients of GK and Glc-6-Pase on glycogen synthesis compared with glycolysis, and the lack of effect of Glc-6-Pase overexpression on GK translocation or the control coefficient of GK, it is concluded that the main regulatory function of Glc-6-Pase is to buffer the glucose 6-phosphate concentration. This is consistent with recent findings that hyperglycemia stimulates Glc-6-Pase gene transcription.
Certified acute care surgery programs improve outcomes in patients undergoing emergency surgery: A nationwide analysis

BACKGROUND Differences in outcomes among trauma centers (TCs) and non-TCs (NTCs) in patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) are well established. However; the impact of development of certified acute care surgery (ACS) programs on patient outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patients undergoing EGS across TCs, NTCs, and TCs with ACS (ACS-TC). METHODS National estimates for EGS procedures were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample database. Patients undergoing emergent procedures (appendectomy, cholecystectomy, hernia repair, as well as small and large bowel resections) were included. TCs were identified based on American College of Surgeons’ verification. ACS-TC programs were recorded from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Outcome measures were hospital length of stay, complications, and mortality. Regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity index, and type of procedure. RESULTS A total of 131,410 patients undergoing EGS were analyzed. Patients managed in ACS-TCs had shorter hospital stay (p = 0.045) and lower complication rate (p = 0.041) compared with patients managed in both TCs and NTCs. There was no difference in mortality in patients managed across the groups; however, there was a trend toward lower mortality in patients managed in ACS-TCs in comparison with TCs (p = 0.064) and NTCs (p = 0.089). The overall hospital costs were lower for patients managed in ACS-TCs compared with TCs (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION TCs with ACS have improved outcomes in EGS procedures compared with both TCs and non-TCs. ACS training with the associated infrastructure standards may contribute to these improved outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/care management study, level IV.
Social support, self-esteem and depression

Synopsis A prospective study of 400 largely working-class women with children living at home has used measures of self-esteem and ‘social support’ to predict the risk of depression in the following year once a stressor had occurred. Actual support received at the time of any crisis in the follow-up year was also measured. Self-esteem was correlated quite highly with some of the measures of support. A core tie was defined as a husband, lover or someone named as very close at first contact. Negative evaluation of self (i.e. low self-esteem), and various indices of lack of support from a core tie at the first interview, were associated with a greatly increased risk of subsequent depression once stressor occurred. Lack of support from a core tie at the time of the crisis was particularly highly associated with an increased risk. There was also a high risk among those who were ‘let down’ - that is, for those who did not receive the support which they might have expected in terms of the first interview material. It is concluded that it is essential for prospective enquiries to take account of the actual mobilization of support in the follow-up period.
Alternative Approximate Methods for the Efficient Computation of the Half-Power Beamwidths of a $TE_{11}$ Mode Distribution on a Grounded Circular Aperture [EM Programmer's Notebook]

Values for the principal plane halfpower beamwidths (HPBWs) of a well-known aperture distribution are re-examined. This article illustrates how a solution to the governing transcendental equations that involve Bessel functions can be simplified without any significant loss in accuracy by employing useful approximations. Moreover, the argument can be extended to any two orthogonal planes.
Microsatellite analysis of genetic structure in the mangrove species Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (Avicenniaceae)

The level of genetic variation throughout the entire worldwide range of the mangrove species Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. was examined using microsatellite markers. Three microsatellite loci detected high levels of allelic diversity (70 alleles in total), essential for an accurate estimation of population genetic parameters. The informativeness of the microsatellite loci tended to increase with increasing average number of repeats. The levels of heterozygosity detected for each population, over all loci, ranged from 0.0 to 0.8, with an average of 0.407, indicating that some populations had little or no genetic variation, whereas others had a large amount. Populations at the extremes of the distribution range showed reduced levels of heterozygosity, and significant levels of inbreeding. This is not unexpected as these populations may be subject to founder effects and environmental constraints. The presence of genetic structure was tested in A. marina populations using three models: (i) a single panmictic model; (ii) the discrete subpopulation model; and (iii) the isolation by distance model. The discrete subpopulations model was supported by the overall measures of population differentiation based on the infinite alleles model (F‐statistics), and the stepwise mutation model (R statistics). In addition, an analysis of molecular variance (amova), using both theoretical models, found that most of the variation was between populations (41–71%), and within individuals in the total population (31–49%). There was little variation among individuals within populations (0–10%). There was no significant isolation by distance. The high levels of genetic differentiation observed among populations of A. marina may be due to environmental and ecological factors, particularly past sea level and climatic changes.
Evidence for Age As a Modifier of Genetic Associations for Lipid Levels

In order to identify novel genetic variants that influence plasma lipid concentrations, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) comprised of 411 children under 18 years of age, ascertained at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, all of whom were of European, African, or Mexican descent. Promising associations (p < 10−5) were subsequently examined in 1040 additional youths and 3508 adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a diverse population‐based study. Three genotype–phenotype associations replicated in NHANES III youths and three associated in NHANES III adults at p < 0.05; however, no single association was significant in both youths and adults. The most significant association (p= 0.009) in NHANES III youths was between low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and intronic rs2429917 among participants of African descent. Given the known age dependency of lipid levels, we also tested for gene–age interactions in NHANES III participants across all ages. We identified a significant (p= 0.024) age‐dependent association between SGSM2 rs2429917 and LDL‐C. This finding illustrates the utility of using children to discover novel variants associated with complex phenotypes and the importance of considering age‐dependent genetic effects in association studies of lipid levels.
El deterioro de la escritura en lengua española en la enfermedad de Alzheimer

La escritura y sus alteraciones ha sido poco estudiada en la enfermedad de Alzheimer en comparacion con otras funciones cognitivas. En los estudios publicados no hay acuerdo acerca del perfil de la disgrafia que caracteriza la enfermedad, ni sobre como evolucionan los cambios disgraficos con el paso del tiempo y con la progresion del deterioro cognitivo. Los objetivos de este trabajo, por lo tanto, fueron: 1. caracterizar las alteraciones de la escritura en las fases iniciales de la enfermedad, comparando las respuestas obtenidas en un grupo de 32 enfermos de Alzheimer con las un grupo control formado por 32 sujetos sanos emparejados con los pacientes en edad, genero y nivel de escolaridad; 2. conocer como evolucionan los cambios disgraficos conforme avanza la enfermedad, mediante el seguimiento de 21 enfermos durante 30 meses consecutivos y 3. comprobar si existe relacion entre los cambios disgraficos encontrados en los enfermos de Alzheimer y la atrofia cortical en determinadas areas cerebrales, valorada mediante la tecnica de VBM-MRI (Morfometria Basada en Voxel a partir de imagenes de Resonancia Magnetica). Los 64 participantes fueron evaluados mediante once tareas diferentes: seis de escritura, tres de lectura y dos de lenguaje oral. El seguimiento se hizo con evaluaciones semestrales, en las que se administro el mismo conjunto de tareas. Entre los resultados mas relevantes de esta investigacion cabe destacar el peor rendimiento de los enfermos de Alzheimer en la escritura de todos los tipos de estimulos, aunque la diferencia con los controles fue mayor en las palabras de ortografia irregular o reglada que en las regulares; por el contrario, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las seudopalabras y las palabras regulares, aunque cometieron menos errores en estas ultimas. Ademas, los enfermos mostraron mayor dificultad para elaborar un relato, proporcionaron menos informacion en sus escritos narrativos y utilizaron estructuras sintacticas mas simples. Asimismo los enfermos tuvieron problemas en la utilizacion correcta de los alografos. Por otra parte, las alteraciones disgraficas aumentaron con el incremento de la severidad del deterioro cognitivo, y fueron los procesos sublexicos y perifericos los que se vieron afectados en mayor proporcion que los lexicos conforme el enfermo se deterioraba. Por ultimo, se comprobo que existe una red neuronal cortical, lateralizada hacia el hemisferio cerebral izquierdo, que correlaciona con los cambios disgraficos presentes en los enfermos de Alzheimer.
Quisqualate and L-glutamate inhibit retinal horizontal-cell responses to kainate.

Currents elicited by L-glutamate and the related agonists quisqualate and kainate were analyzed under voltage clamp in isolated goldfish horizontal cells, using the whole-cell recording configuration of the patch-clamp method [Hamill, O.P., Marty, A. , Neher, E. , Sakmann, B. & Sigworth, F. J. (1981) Pflügers Arch. 391, 85-100]. These currents resulted from an increase in cationic conductance and were indistinguishable from one another in terms of reversal potential (approximately equal to 0 mV) and apparent elementary conductance (2-3 pS). The power-density spectra of the noise increases produced by each agonist were fit by the sum of two Lorentzian curves having similar cutoff frequencies (tau 1 approximately equal to 5 msec, tau 2 approximately equal to 1 msec), but the relative power of these components were different for quisqualate and glutamate than for kainate. Moreover, the responses to high doses of either quisqualate or glutamate rapidly faded, whereas the responses to kainate did not. Finally, quisqualate and glutamate produced an inhibition of responses to kainate which appeared to be uncompetitive. Kainate, quisqualate, and in our preparation, glutamate appear to activate channels different than those activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate in other preparations. At least some of the effects of quisqualate and glutamate appear to be mediated by receptors bound by kainate.
LTE radio resource management for real-time smart meter reading in the smart grid

In this paper, the real-time reading of smart meter information in dense deployments of smart meters is investigated. Specifically, the paper aims to answer the question of whether long term evolution (LTE) and/or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks are able to support automatic meter reading (AMR) in advanced metering infrastructures (AMI) without overloading the cellular base stations (BSs). Therefore, different radio resource management techniques are analyzed and compared under realistic simulation assumptions. The Simulation results show that LTE can accommodate a significantly large number of smart meters in a limited coverage area, transmitting their measurement data in real-time. However, this comes at the price of dynamic radio resource management, which would require an extensive exchange of signaling information. To address this problem, methods for reducing the signaling load between the meters and base stations are discussed.