Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of type 1 pili with the ability of livers to clear Salmonella typhimurium

The role of type 1 pili in the adherence of Salmonella typhimurium strain SR-11 to hepatic sinusoidal cells was investigated. An average of 66.7% of piliated organisms was cleared by perfused livers on a single pass. Mannose and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside inhibited such trapping in a dose-dependent manner. Preincubation of the bacteria, but not the liver, with either sugar also inhibited trapping, suggesting that the sugar binds to bacterial, not hepatic, receptors. Significant numbers of previously trapped bacteria could be eluted by adding mannose to the wash medium. Bacteria with reduced piliation, obtained either by growing bacteria on agar or by using a nonpiliated variant of the parent strain, were trapped to a significantly lesser extent than the parent strain. The liver appears to selectively trap heavily piliated organisms since reperfusion of bacteria through a second liver results in significantly less trapping than occurs with the first perfusion. In vivo, the nonpiliated variant strain was cleared much more slowly than the piliated parent strain. Mannose and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, but not glucose, decreased clearance rates of piliated organisms. Cumulatively, the data suggest that type 1 pili are a major factor in hepatic clearance of S. typhimurium.
INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of individualized repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (Lucentis) on visual acuity and central foveal thickness in patients with choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) associated with various ocular inflammatory clinical entities. Methods: Our study was a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional, and observational case series. Sixteen eyes of 15 consecutive patients diagnosed with inflammatory CNV treated with repeated intravitreal injections of ranibizumab were evaluated. The underlying diagnoses were toxoplasmosis (n = 4), serpiginous choroidopathy (n = 2), punctate inner choroidopathy (n = 5), multifocal choroiditis (MFC, n = 3), and scleroderma (n = 2). All patients underwent monthly optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and fluorescein angiography/indocyanine green angiography every 1 month after every injection and then every 3 months. Optical coherence tomography scans and fluorescein angiography were performed by the same experienced physician. Repeated intravitreal injections were performed when persistent/recurrent fluid on OCT and/or signs of active CNV on angiography were present. Changes in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity and central foveal thickness were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean follow-up time was 70.4 ± 24 weeks (17.6 months; range, 44-116 weeks [11-29 months]). The mean number of injections performed was 2.3, and the mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 55 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, 0.9 ± 0.4 [mean ± SD]) at baseline to 70.3 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, 0.6 ± 0.4) at the end of the follow-up, a statistically significant change compared with baseline (P < 0.0001). The mean letter gain was 15.3 letters, and best-corrected visual acuity improved in 14 of 16 patients (88%) and remained stable in 2 patients (12.5%) without any patient demonstrating deterioration. The mean central foveal thickness (although not excessively increased at baseline) improved from 285 ± 20 μm at baseline to 233 ± 21 μm (statistically significant compared with baseline, P < 0.0001) at the end of the follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, all patients demonstrated CNV regression, and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy surrounding the regressed CNV was developed in 11 of the 16 eyes (68.8%). During the same period, no CNV recurrence was observed and no injection-related complications such as cataract, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, or exacerbation of uveitis were noted. Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that intravitreal injections of ranibizumab have shown promising results in visual acuity improvement and a decrease in macular thickness in patients with inflammatory CNV. Of course, further studies are needed to confirm the exact benefit and standardize the optimal treatment regimen.
The existence of three different viral agents in a tumour bearing European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

Summary Three different viral agents were isolated from a tumour bearing eel. Two of the agents were identified as IPNV-subtype Ab and as Rhabdovirus anguilla subtype EVX. The third syncytia-forming agent has not as yet been classified. Zusammenfassung Das Vorkommen 3 verschiedener Viren bei einem Aal mit Stomatopapillom Von einem tumortragenden Aal konnten 3 verschiedene Viren isoliert werden. 2 der Erreger wurden als IPNV-Subtyp Ab und als Rhabdovirus anguilla-Subtyp EVX identifiziert. Das 3.syncytienbildende Agens konnte bisher noch nicht klassifiziert werden. Resume Presence de trois virus differents dans un stomatopapillome chez une anguille Trois virus differents ont pu etre isoles chez une anguille atteinte d'une tumeur. Deux virus ont ete identifies comme IPNV — sous-type Ab et comme Rhabdovirus anguilla, sous-type EVX. Le troisieme agent, syncytia-formateur, n'a pas pu etre encore classe. Resumen La existencia de tres agentes virales diferentes en una anguila europea (Anguilla anguilla) con estomatopapiloma De una anguila, que era portadora de un tumor, se pudieron aislar 3 virus diferentes. 2 de estos agentes fueron identificados como IPNV-subtipo Ab y como Rhabdovirus anguilla — subtipo EVX. El tercer agente, sinciciogeno, no pudo ser clasificado hasta la fecha.
Phase III multicenter randomized clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CoFactor/5-fluorouracil/bevacizumab versus leucovorin/5-fluorouracil/bevacizumab as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

Folate Metabolism Intracellular reduced folates exists as a “pool” of 6 interconvertable forms. One of these forms, 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2THF), is the essential 1-carbon donor and reduced folate substrate for thymidylate synthase (TS), the enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine-5 -monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine-5 -monophosphate (dTMP). This enzymatic pathway is critical because it provides the necessary nucleotide substrates for DNA synthesis, and for this reason, TS has been an important target for cancer chemotherapy (Figure 1). 1 The fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) exerts its cytotoxic activity, at least in part, through inhibition of TS. Specifically, it does so through the 5-FU metabolite fluorodeoxyuridine monopohosphate (FdUMP) with formation of a ternary complex made up of FdUMP, TS, and the reduced folate CH2THF, which then results in TS enzyme inhibition. Historically, leucovorin (LV; 5-formyltetrahydrofolate) has been used as a strategy to increase the intracellular reduced folate pools and increase TS enzyme inhibition. However, LV must be metabolized within the cell through multiple intracellular enzymatic steps to form CH2THF. In general, CH2THF levels are relatively low, in the range of approximately 0.1-0.5 mol/L in normal cells and even lower in human cancer biopsy tissues. Although treatment with LV results in an approximately 2-fold increase in CH2THF, maximum ternary complex formation is generally achieved at CH2THF concentrations approaching 12 mol/L.4 Individual tumor metabolism of LV to tetrahydrofolate and, ultimately, to CH2THF is unpredictable, and CH2THF levels are typically among the lowest of the activated intracellular reduced folate forms.5 However, it is clear that high intratumoral levels of CH2THF allow for maximal inhibition of TS.6-10 Preclinical and clinical investigations have consistently shown that resistance of tumors to 5-FU is associated, at least in part, with decreased intratumoral reduced folate levels, typically through decreased folylpolyglutamylation.11,12 Thus, direct administration of the essential reduced folate CH2THF in place of LV might offer significant advantages with respect to enhancing clinical activity.
Psychiatric disorder and the broad autism phenotype: evidence from a family study of multiple-incidence autism families.

OBJECTIVE Several studies have shown familial aggregation of some axis I psychiatric disorders in families ascertained through a single autistic proband. In this study the authors examined the rate of axis I psychiatric disorders in nonautistic relatives from multiple-incidence autism families and the possible relationship of these disorders to the broad autism phenotype. METHOD The rates of axis I psychiatric disorders, assessed by using semistructured and family history interviews, were compared in parents, grandparents, and aunts and uncles ascertained through 25 families of multiple-incidence autism probands and 30 families of probands with Down's syndrome. The possible association between selected psychiatric disorders and the broad autism phenotype, assessed directly through semistructured interviews and observational rating measures, was also examined in the two groups of parents. RESULTS The parents of the autistic probands had significantly higher rates of major depressive disorder and social phobia than the parents of the Down's syndrome probands. The high rate of depression in the parents of the autistic probands was consistent with the high rates of depression and anxiety detected in the grandparents and aunts and uncles in the autism families by family history. There was no evidence of an association, within individuals, between either depression or social phobia and the broad autism phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Relatives of autistic individuals have high rates of major depression and social phobia that are not associated with the broad autism phenotype and cannot be explained by the increased stress associated with raising an autistic child. Alternative mechanisms and the scientific and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Effect of endotoxin, dobutamine and dopamine on muscle mitochondrial respiration in vitro.

INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial respiration is impaired during endotoxemia. While catecholamines are frequently used in sepsis, their effects on mitochondrial function are controversial. We assessed effects of dobutamine and dopamine endotoxin on isolated muscle mitochondria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sternocleidomastoid muscle mitochondria were isolated from six anesthetized pigs. Each sample was divided into six different groups. Three groups were incubated with endotoxin, three with vehicle. After 1 h, dopamine and dobutamine at final concentrations of 100 microM were added to the vehicle and endotoxin groups. After 2 h, state 3 and 4 respiration rates were determined for all mitochondrial complexes. Oxygen consumption was determined with a Clark-type electrode. RESULTS Endotoxin increased glutamate-dependent state 4 respiration from 9.3 +/- 3.6 to 31.9 +/- 9.1 (P = 0.001) without affecting state 3 respiration. This reduced the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration (RCR; state 3/state 4, 9.9 +/- 1.9 versus 3.6 +/- 0.6; P < 0.001). The other complexes were unaffected. Catecholamine partially restored the endotoxin-induced increase in complex I state 4 respiration rate (31.9 +/- 9.1 versus 17.1 +/- 6.4 and 20.1 +/- 12.2) after dopamine and dobutamine, respectively (P = 0.007), and enhanced the ADP:O ratio (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Dopamine and dobutamine enhanced the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration after short-term endotoxin exposure.
Reducing Routing Overhead in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Cluster Scheme

— Because of high versatility of hubs in portable ad hoc systems (MANETs), there exist incessant connection breakages which lead to regular way disappointments and course revelations. The overhead of a course disclosure can't be ignored. In a course revelation, broadcasting is a key and compelling information dispersal instrument, where a portable hub aimlessly rebroadcasts the initially got course ask for bundles unless it has a course to the destination, and along these lines it causes the broadcast storm issue. In this paper, we propose a neighbor scope based probabilistic rebroadcast convention for diminishing directing overhead in MANETs. With a specific end goal to adequately abuse the neighbor scope information, we propose a novel rebroadcast deferral to decide the rebroadcast request, and after that we can acquire the more precise additional scope proportion by detecting neighbor scope learning. We likewise characterize a network element to give the hub thickness adaptation. By joining the additional scope proportion and availability element, we set a sensible rebroadcast likelihood. Our methodology consolidates the advantages of the neighbor scope information and the probabilistic instrument, which can fundamentally diminish the quantity of retransmissions in order to lessen the directing overhead, and can likewise enhance the steering execution.
Sulfonylureas Target ALS Enzyme to Control Grasses , Broadleaf Weeds

The herbicidal properties of sulfonylureas (SU's) were first reported in 1966 (Koog, 1966). The early SU's were derivatives of triazine herbicides. George Levitt of DuPont noted that SU's having aniline as the aryl group exhibited weak plant-growth regulatory activity while the aminopyrimidine derivative displayed very high biological activity (Levitt, 1983; Sauers and Levitt, 1984). Soon companies produced SU herbicides having up to 100 times the activity of conventional herbicides, prompting one of the most exciting breakthroughs in the field of herbicide research in several decades (Kearney and Kaufman 1988). All the SU herbicides have a general backbone consisting of an aryl group, a SU bridge and a nitrogen-containing heterocycle. Most of the SU herbicides have low acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity in mammals. The acute oral lethal dose (LD50) value of table salt in rats is 3,000 milligram per kilogram while most of the SU herbicides have LD50 values greater than 4,000 milligram per kilogram of body weight (Sax Irving, 1979). Most SU's are not mutagenic or teratogenic, and they exhibit low toxicity to fish, wildlife, honeybees and dogs (Kearney and Kaufman, 1988). Low toxicity, combined with very low application rates of the SU's (2 to 35 grams actual ingredient per hectare), makes them especially attractive from an environmental and human health standpoint. The potential of ground water contamination through seepage, percolation, run-off or infiltration is low.
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 by reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification

Abstract Background: Obtaining fetal DNA or RNA by either chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis is currently, the gold standard prenatal diagnosis. However, these invasive procedures carry risk of miscarriage. A reliable method for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has long been sought to reduce the risk of miscarriage. Methods: Cell-free fetal RNA was extracted from the plasma of peripheral blood from 121 women 9–20 weeks of pregnancy. Five single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in PLAC4 gene were analyzed by reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (RT-MLPA), followed by capillary electrophoresis. Karyotype analysis was used for confirmation of prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21. Results: Of 121 samples, 23 were diagnosed with trisomy 21, 87 with normal ploidy, nine had all five SNP loci homozygous and two had one heterozygous SNP locus. Comparing with karyotype analysis, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of RT-MLPA were 92% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: RT-MLPA is a convenient and reliable method for the diagnosis of trisomy 21. We have shown that this method has good specificity, high sensitivity, and high throughput, making this technique applicable for NIPD in clinical practice.
Clinical Phenotype of Muscle‐specific Tyrosine Kinase‐antibody‐positive Myasthenia Gravis

Antibodies to muscle‐specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK‐Ab) are detected in approximately 40% of generalized acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody‐negative myasthenia gravis (MG). Based on a growing number of clinical series, a MuSK‐Ab‐positive phenotype is emerging. While these clinical patterns are not wholly distinct from either AChR‐Ab‐positive or seronegative (both AChR‐Ab and MuSK‐Ab‐negative) MG, they are still helpful in identifying these patients. MuSK‐Ab‐positive MG patients are predominantly female with more prominent cranial and bulbar involvement and more frequent crises than other MG populations. Disease onset tends to be earlier, generally by the third or fourth decade. MuSK‐Ab‐positive patients are more likely to display poor tolerance of or a lack of improvement with anticholinesterase agents. The yield of repetitive nerve stimulation with conventional limb muscles is lower in these patients, but at least three‐quarters demonstrate abnormalities on recording of facial‐innervated muscles. Similarly, single‐fiber electromyography of distal limb muscles tends to have a lower yield of abnormality in MuSK‐Ab‐positive patients than either AChR‐Ab‐positive or seronegative MG, whereas jitter is increased in nearly all MuSK‐positive patients when proximal limb or cranial musculature is studied.
New Temperature Idity Fuzzy Neural Neural Network Controller Based On Improved Genetic Algorithm

The greenhouse is a complex system. There is strong coupling relationship among its environmental factors inside greenhouse. So it's difficult to get satisfying effect by using conventional control methods. Based on the characteristics of the greenhouse, a new fuzzy neural network controller was propose to create a proper condition for crop growth.The genetic algorithm was used to train the architecture of fuzzy neural network controller, which was adopted in the greenhouse. Finally, the simulations with Matlab about this system were done. The result was that the speed and precision of the system were improved. The overshoot was reduced also. And the greenhouse system with this fuzzy neural network based genetic algorithm had such features as responding quickly, smooth transition.
Antidepressant-like activity of Benincasa hispida fruits in mice: Possible involvement of monoaminergic and GABAergic systems

Sir, Depression is one of the major mental disorders affecting hundreds of millions of people all over the world. There is a constant need to identify newer antidepressants from plants. Benincasa hispida (Cucurbitaceae) fruits were selected for evaluating its antidepressant potential in mice. There is only one study showing the antidepressant-like effect of the methanolic extract (0.6 and 1 g/kg administered three times and only once, respectively) of B. hispida fruits in mouse forced swim test (FST). [1] The study showed the antidepressant-like effect of the methanolic extract in FST only and the mechanisms responsible for this activity have not been studied.
Graded-Channel SOI nMOSFET Model Valid for Harmonic Distortion Evaluation

In this paper an evaluation of the harmonic distortion of graded-channel SOI nMOSFETs is performed. The analysis is carried out by comparing an analytical continuous model and experimental results. The total harmonic distortion, as well as the third and second order terms are used as figures of merit in this comparison. It is shown that GC SOI devices present better gain and linearity behavior than conventional devices and that these advantages are well described by the proposed analytical model. The results show that the proposed set of equations is able to describe the linearity behavior of GC devices, indicating its potential to be used in analog circuit simulation and design
Clinicopathological and genetic differences between low‐grade and high‐grade colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas

Although colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas (MCs) are conventionally regarded as exhibiting high‐grade differentiation, they can be divided by differentiation into 2 groups according to the glandular appearance: low‐grade mucinous adenocarcinoma (low‐MC) and high‐grade mucinous adenocarcinoma (high‐MC).
Body Surface Low-Level Potentials During Ventricular Repolarization with Analysis of the ST Segment

Early ventricular repolarization was examined by measuring body surface maps in normal subjects, ages 1-60 years. Repolarization began with positive potentials. The time of appearance of these potentials from the onset of QRS increased with age. All normal subjects had positive ST segments on the anterior torso. Although the magnitude of the maximal ST-segment voltage varied from subject to subject, the maximal ST-segment voltage increased from early childhood into the twenties and thereafter decreased with age. The same age-related trend occurred during other phases of ventricular repolarization, i.e., the T wave and the U wave. Although the ST-segment maxima occurred in a circumscribed area near the heart in all adults, the normal ST-segment patterns varied in relation to the vertical distance over which low-level positive potentials extended on the left anterior torso. The ST-segment patterns differed greatly in the low-level potentials in areas distant to the heart. The ST-segment patterns indicate that the arrangement of ST-segment "current sources" is detectably different in normal adults. This variability suggests that the evaluation of ventricular ischemia might be enhanced by interpreting a questionably abnormal map (e.g., during exercise) compared with the patient's own baseline map. These results emphasize the importance of measuring the total cardiac electrical field on the body surface to account for the effects of the currents from all areas of the ventricles during the ST segment, rather than characterizing primarily the proximity effects as dohe with precordial maps
Francisella tularensis ΔpyrF Mutants Show that Replication in Nonmacrophages Is Sufficient for Pathogenesis In Vivo

ABSTRACT The pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis has been associated with this bacterium's ability to replicate within macrophages. F. tularensis can also invade and replicate in a variety of nonphagocytic host cells, including lung and kidney epithelial cells and hepatocytes. As uracil biosynthesis is a central metabolic pathway usually necessary for pathogens, we characterized ΔpyrF mutants of both F. tularensis LVS and Schu S4 to investigate the role of these mutants in intracellular growth. As expected, these mutant strains were deficient in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and were resistant to 5-fluoroorotic acid, which is converted to a toxic product by functional PyrF. The F. tularensis ΔpyrF mutants could not replicate in primary human macrophages. The inability to replicate in macrophages suggested that the F. tularensis ΔpyrF strains would be attenuated in animal infection models. Surprisingly, these mutants retained virulence during infection of chicken embryos and in the murine model of pneumonic tularemia. We hypothesized that the F. tularensis ΔpyrF strains may replicate in cells other than macrophages to account for their virulence. In support of this, F. tularensis ΔpyrF mutants replicated in HEK-293 cells and normal human fibroblasts in vitro. Moreover, immunofluorescence microscopy showed abundant staining of wild-type and mutant bacteria in nonmacrophage cells in the lungs of infected mice. These findings indicate that replication in nonmacrophages contributes to the pathogenesis of F. tularensis.
Design approach for bandpass filter using triple-mode stripline resonator

This letter presents a design approach for a bandpass filter (BPF) using a novel triple-mode stripline resonator. We clarify the external Q factor with respect to the cutout size of the center conductor and feed-line position, to establish the design approach. It is found that external Q factors of each mode is handled respectively. From those results, a triple-mode BPF is designed and fabricated. The experimental results agree with the simulation results and accordingly it is confirmed that a design approach was established.