Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cohere: A Toolkit for Local Coherence

We describe COHERE, our coherence toolkit which incorporates various complementary models for capturing and measuring different aspects of text coherence. In addition to the traditional entity grid model (Lapata, 2005) and graph-based metric (Guinaudeau and Strube, 2013), we provide an implementation of a state-of-the-art syntax-based model (Louis and Nenkova, 2012), as well as an adaptation of this model which shows significant performance improvements in our experiments. We benchmark these models using the standard setting for text coherence: original documents and versions of the document with sentences in shuffled order.
Controlling Mutation: Intervening in Evolution as a Therapeutic Strategy

ABSTRACT Mutation is the driving force behind many processes linked to human disease, including cancer, aging, and the evolution of drug resistance. Mutations have traditionally been considered the inevitable consequence of replicating large genomes with polymerases of finite fidelity. Observations over the past several decades, however, have led to a new perspective on the process of mutagenesis. It has become clear that, under some circumstances, mutagenesis is a regulated process that requires the induction of pro-mutagenic enzymes and that, at least in bacteria, this induction may facilitate evolution. Herein, we review what is known about induced mutagenesis in bacteria as well as evidence that it contributes to the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Finally, we discuss the possibility that components of induced mutation pathways might be targeted for inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
Macro-programmable DSP architecture for parallel / pipelined data path units , targeted for FFT based algorithms

A macro-programmable DSP architecture is presented, which is very well situated for the implementation of algorithms with regular data flow graphs, like FFTs. A smart grouping of the algorithm together with the macrocode concept reduce drastically the control and address generation overhead of the DSP and shorten the computation time. This is finally manifested in very low-power consumption, small DSP size, high throughput combined with a high flexibility of the DSP architecture.
Understanding Barriers to Utilization of Maternal and Childhood Services through Community Dialogue in the Context of Result Based Financing

Zimbabwe is implementing a Result Based Financing program since 2011, which was designed to improve utilization of maternal and child health services offered by public health facilities. Four years after the program inception, reports of low vitamin A coverage and, high home deliveries are common. The study sought to understand why there is still low uptake of maternal and child health services. Using cases of Mazowe district health facility catchments, community dialogues were employed to explore underlying causalities to low maternal and childhood health services uptake. Qualitative data analysis methods of transcribing, organizing, categorizing, and coding were used to sift themes and emerging issues. Out of 135 community leaders who participated in this study, we found poor accessibility of health facilities (high transport cost, poor road network, long walking distance and unavailability of outreach services), limited health service promotion, and socio-cultural beliefs (clients linked early attendance for antenatal care with abortion from bewitchment) as major barriers to health service utilization in the study community. We also found dialoguing a good method to inform, educate and stimulate collective responsibility towards improving health services uptake in our study communities. We suggest that health programs in Zimbabwe should consider improving accessibility of health facilities, promotion of health services and increase dialoguing with communities on cultural barriers in order to increase the impact of Results Based Health Financing Programs.
Epidemiology of High School and Collegiate Football Injuries in the United States, 2005-2006

Background Football, one of the most popular sports among male high school students in the United States, is a leading cause of sports-related injuries, with an injury rate almost twice that of basketball, the second most popular sport. Hypothesis Injury patterns will vary between competition and practice exposures and between levels of play (ie, high school vs. National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA]). Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Football-related injury data were collected over the 2005-2006 school year from 100 nationally representative high schools via High School RIO™ (Reporting Information Online) and from 55 Division I, II, and III colleges via the NCAA Injury Surveillance System. Results Nationally, an estimated 517 726 high school football-related injuries (1881 unweighted injuries) occurred during the 2005-2006 season. The rate of injury per 1000 athlete-exposures was greater during high school competitions (12.04) than during practices (2.56). The rate of injury per 1000 athlete-exposures was also greater during collegiate competitions (40.23) than during practices (5.77). While the overall rate of injury per 1000 athlete-exposures was greater in the NCAA (8.61) than in high school (4.36), high school football players sustained a greater proportion of fractures and concussions. Running plays were the leading cause of injury, with running backs and linebackers being the positions most commonly injured. Conclusion Patterns of football injuries vary, especially by type of exposure and level of play. Future studies should continue to compare differences in injury patterns in high school and collegiate football, with particular emphasis placed on high-risk plays (running plays) and positions (running backs and linebackers).
RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENNT: ANALYSIS OF A SELECTED KEY INDUSTRY

Our paper focuses on the analysis of the the role of risk management in sustainable hotel chain policy. We tackle the issue of risk evaluation and prevention in hotel industry as a factor of enhancing its entrepreneurial value. Our empirical value-added is based on its own novel survey based on a case study of a chosen company. We evaluate the problem areas of risk management and make suggestions for the hotel optimization procedures based on our results and findings. Furthremore, we compare the outcomes of our research with those of the the studies conducted by the renown foreign companies and focusing on payment discipline and risk management. Our results demonstrate that in order to optimize the cash flow in hotel operations, it is advisable to provide a balanced business mix and improvement of strategic internal processes. Moreover, it appears that for the optimal application of the risk management it is important that a new or updated strategic analysis is conducted annually within the business entity according to the development of both the external and internal environment. Furthremore, financial and payment risks need to be integrated into the formulation of strategic goals so as to identify which of them can put the strategy and its strategic goals at stake.
Chocolate and cardiovascular disease: a sweet deal?

This editorial refers to ‘Cardiovascular effects of flavanol-rich chocolate in patients with heart failure’, by A.J. Flammer et al. , doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr448 ‘Take two of these chocolates daily, and call me in a month. ’ Who among us would not want to be able to provide such a delicious prescription to our patients who carry the complicated and eventually fatal diagnosis of heart failure? Unfortunately, the solution is not that simple, yet the recent study by Flammer et al. 1 may bring us a step closer to understanding the relationship between cocoa, endothelial function, and cardiovascular health. Flammer et al. present a largely positive, double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effect of commercially available flavonol-rich chocolate (FRC) vs. control chocolate (CC) on endothelial function, an indicator of increased morbidity and mortality,2 in patients with moderate (New York Heart Association class ≥ II) heart failure.1 The authors found significant short-term (2 h) and longer term (4 weeks) improvement in flow-mediated dilation (FMD), their primary endpoint, of the brachial artery after consumption of FRC vs. CC. Importantly, these calorically neutral supplements had no effect on the patients' body weight or fasting glucose measurements. Other pertinent findings in the study include mostly comparable secondary endpoints in these groups, such as blood pressure, body weight, lipid fractions (with the exception of HDL-cholesterol), inflammatory markers, antioxidants, baroreceptor function, and long-term platelet adhesion, underscoring the complex relationship between traditional risk factors and vascular function. On the other hand, blood pressure tended to decrease in the FRC group, consistent with previous observational studies and RCTs;3,4 however, the current study may have been underpowered to detect such differences in a small sample size. Finally, while not quite statistically significant, there was a strong trend toward endothelial-independent vasoconstriction after 4 weeks of FRC consumption, which was …
Natural history and phylogeny of the fungus-farming ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini)

Ants of the tribe Attini comprise a monophyletic group of approximately 230 described and many more undescribed species that obligately depend on the cultivation of fungus for food. In return, the ants nourish, protect, and disperse their fungal cultivars. Although all members of this tribe cultivate fungi, attine ants are surprisingly heterogeneous with regard to symbiont associations and agricultural system, colony size and social structure, nesting behavior, and mating system. This variation is a key reason that the Attini have become a model system for understanding the evolution of complex symbioses. Here, we review the natural-history traits of fungus-growing ants in the context of a recently published phylogeny, collating patterns of evolution and symbiotic coadaptation in a variety of colony and fungus-gardening traits in a number of major lineages. We discuss the implications of these patterns and suggest future research directions.
Laparoscopic Versus Open Colorectal Surgery: A Randomized Trial on Short-Term Outcome

ObjectiveThe primary endpoint was to compare the impact of laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery on 30-day postoperative morbidity. Lymphocyte proliferation to mitogens and gut oxygen tension were surrogate endpoints. Summary Background DataEvidence-based proof of the effect of laparoscopic colorectal surgery on immunometabolic response and clinically relevant outcome variables is scanty. Further randomized trials are desirable before proposing laparoscopy as a superior technique. MethodsTwo hundred sixty-nine patients with colorectal disease were randomly assigned to laparoscopic (n = 136) or open (n = 133) colorectal resection. Four trained members of the surgical staff who were not involved in the study registered postoperative complications. Lymphocyte proliferation to Candida albicans and phytohemagglutinin was evaluated before and 3 and 15 days after surgery. Operative gut oxygen tension was monitored continuously by a polarographic microprobe. ResultsIn the laparoscopic group the conversion rate was 5.1%. The overall morbidity rate was 20.6% in the laparoscopic group and 38.3% in the open group. Postoperative infections occurred in 15 of the 136 patients in the laparoscopic group and 31 of the 133 patients in the open group. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.4 ± 2.9 days in the laparoscopic group and 12.5 ± 4.1 days in the open group. On postoperative day 3, lymphocyte proliferation was impaired in both groups. Fifteen days after surgery, the proliferation index returned to baseline values only in the laparoscopic group. Intraoperative gut oxygen tension was higher in the laparoscopic than in the open group. ConclusionsLaparoscopic colorectal surgery resulted in a significant reduction of 30-day postoperative morbidity. Lymphocyte proliferation and gut oxygen tension were better preserved in the laparoscopic group than in the open group.
Characteristics of Travelling Waves under Various Conditions

In this mapping study, the goal was to investigate in 10 subjects the phenomenon of the travelling waves (TW), especially of alpha activity, under conditions of (1) rest, (2) calculations, (3) emotional experience and (4) pain. The TW during wakefulness usually arose from the areas with the highest amplitude of alpha, called major peaks, for both positive (pos.) and negative (neg.) polarities. These areas were Pz (pos. and neg.) at rest, O2 (pos.) and Pz (neg.) during calculation, O1 (pos.) and O2 (neg.) during emotion and T6 (pos.) and O1 (neg.) during pain. When differences were determined between the latter 3 conditions and the resting state, a focal event-related desynchronization (ERD) became evident on T5 during math, on Pz during emotion and on both CP areas during pain. Surrounding the areas of ERD were areas of event-related synchronization (ERS). The TW were related to phase differences between the different electrode locations, seen more frequently with the pos. polarity, and more often with emotion or calculation. The direction of the TW was most often toward the midline during rest, from the right to midline (calculation), from the left to midline (emotion) and from the midline to the left (pain). Changes on one side of the head were often associated with opposite types of changes on the other side. Sleep spindles were also analyzed showing the major peaks on Fz and F4 with pos. polarities often seen anteriorly and neg. polarities posteriorly. TW were also seen with spindles, more often with the positive polarity. The direction was usually from the midline for the positive polarity and toward the midline for the neg. phase. The phenomenon of the TW is discussed, especially its possible neurophysiological significance as a means of transmitting information throughout the brain.
Physical map of the Kirsten sarcoma virus genome as determined by fingerprinting RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides

From analysis of the large RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides of Kirsten sarcoma virus (Ki-SV), a physical map of the virus genome was deduced. Kirsten murine leukemia virus (Ki-MuLV) sequences were detected in T1 oligonucleotides closest to the 3' end of the viral RNA and extended approximately 1,000 nucleotides into the genome. The rat genetic sequences started at this point and extended all the way to the very 5' end of the RNA molecules, where a small stretch of Ki-MuLV sequence was detected. By comparison of the fingerprints of Ki-SV RNA and the RNA of the endogenous rat src genetic sequences, it was found that more than 50% of the T1 oligonucleotides were similar between Ki-SV and the endogenous rat src RNA, suggesting an identical primary nucleotide sequence in over 50% of the viral genomes. The results indicate that Ki-SV arose by recombination between the 5' and 3' ends of Ki-MuLV and a large portion of the homologous sequences of the endogenous rat src RNA.
THE ARECIBO LEGACY FAST ALFA SURVEY: THE α.40 H i SOURCE CATALOG, ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DERIVATION OF THE H i MASS FUNCTION

We present a current catalog of 21 cm H i line sources extracted from the Arecibo Legacy Fast Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFALFA) survey over ∼2800 deg2 of sky: the α. 40 catalog. Covering 40% of the final survey area, the α. 40 catalog contains 15,855 sources in the regions 07h30m < R.A. < 16h30m, +04° < decl. <+16°, and +24° < decl. <+28° and 22h < R.A. < 03h, +14° < decl. <+16°, and +24° < decl. < + 32°. Of those, 15,041 are certainly extragalactic, yielding a source density of 5.3 galaxies per deg2, a factor of 29 improvement over the catalog extracted from the H i Parkes All-Sky Survey. In addition to the source centroid positions, H i line flux densities, recessional velocities, and line widths, the catalog includes the coordinates of the most probable optical counterpart of each H i line detection, and a separate compilation provides a cross-match to identifications given in the photometric and spectroscopic catalogs associated with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. Fewer than 2% of the extragalactic H i line sources cannot be identified with a feasible optical counterpart; some of those may be rare OH megamasers at 0.16 < z < 0.25. A detailed analysis is presented of the completeness, width-dependent sensitivity function and bias inherent of the α. 40 catalog. The impact of survey selection, distance errors, current volume coverage, and local large-scale structure on the derivation of the H i mass function is assessed. While α. 40 does not yet provide a completely representative sampling of cosmological volume, derivations of the H i mass function using future data releases from ALFALFA will further improve both statistical and systematic uncertainties.
Isolation and expression analysis of a novel pathogenesis-related protein 10 gene from Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata induced by Uncinula necator

A novel PR10 gene (designated as VpPR10) was isolated from Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang Baihe-35-1. VpPR10 encoded a 159-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 17.46 kDa. Sequence alignment showed that VpPR10 had high similarity with the PR10 proteins of other plant species. Genomic DNA gel blot analysis indicated that VpPR10 belonged to a multi-gene family in Chinese wild Vitis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis exhibited that the transcript level of VpPR10 altered at different times after inoculation with Uncinula necator under natural field conditions. VpPR10 expression began to decrease after 24 h and reached the lowest level after 72 h. Then it began to increase and obtained the normal level after 96 h. After expression in Escherichia coli and purification, recombinant VpPR10 protein was used to immune rabbit to obtain polyclonal antibodies. Immunoblot analysis showed that the expression pattern of VpPR10 protein was similar with that of VpPR10 mRNA.
A symbolic shortest path algorithm for computing subgame-perfect Nash equilibria

Abstract Consider games where players wish to minimize the cost to reach some state. A subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium can be regarded as a collection of optimal paths on such games. Similarly, the well-known state-labeling algorithm used in model checking can be viewed as computing optimal paths on a Kripke structure, where each path has a minimum number of transitions. We exploit these similarities in a common generalization of extensive games and Kripke structures that we name “graph games”. By extending the Bellman-Ford algorithm for computing shortest paths, we obtain a model-checking algorithm for graph games with respect to formulas in an appropriate logic. Hence, when given a certain formula, our model-checking algorithm computes the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium (as opposed to simply determining whether or not a given collection of paths is a Nash equilibrium). Next, we develop a symbolic version of our model checker allowing us to handle larger graph games. We illustrate our formalism on the critical-path method as well as games with perfect information. Finally, we report on the execution time of benchmarks of an implementation of our algorithms
Drug-drug interaction potential of 1 , 5-dicaffeylquinic acid , a new herbal drug for the treatment of hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infection , based on the inhibition of cytochrome P 450 s in human and rat liver microsomes

The inhibition of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) is regarded as one of the most important causes for drug-drug interactions. 1,5-Dicaffeylquinic acid (1,5-DCQA) is currently being evaluated in a phase II clinical study in China for the treatment of hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of 1,5-DCQA on six major CYP enzymes to assess its safety through its potential to interact with co-administered drugs. Seven CYP probe substrate metabolites (acetaminophen for CYP1A2, 6α-hydroxypaclitaxel for CYP2C8, 4-hydroxydiclofenac for CYP2C9, 4-hydroxymephenytoin for CYP2C19, dextrorphan for CYP2D6, and 6β-hydroxytestosterone and 1-hydroxymidazolam for CYP3A4) were measured simultaneously by LC-MS/MS. 1,5-DCQA was incubated with human and rat liver microsomes in the presence of seven CYP450 isoform substrates, and the in vitro inhibitory effects were evaluated by determining the IC50 values. 1,5-DCQA showed negligible inhibitory effects on the six major human (CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) and rat CYP isozymes (Cyp1a2, Cyp2c7, Cyp2c11, Cyp2c79, Cyp2d4, and Cyp3a2). All IC50 values exceeded 100 μM. Our study demonstrates that 1,5-DCQA is unlikely to cause significant drug-drug interactions in humans when co-administered with drugs metabolized by the six CYP isozymes.
Review of the literature on falls among the elderly.

PURPOSE To review and summarize the literature from nursing, medical, and ancillary fields on falls among the elderly. Major injuries from falls are associated with mortality, especially among the elderly. Researchers indicate that, in many cases, falls can be prevented. A summary of the available literature provides information which can be used to plan interventions. ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK Over 100 publications, 1979-1996 related to falls by elderly were reviewed. Descriptive terms used for searching MEDLINE were falls, elderly, and accidents. Literature from several disciplines was reviewed. FINDINGS Fall risk can be predetermined and nursing actions can be taken to reduce the occurrence and severity of falls. CONCLUSIONS To reduce the deleterious effects of falls in the elderly, knowledge-based practice is essential.
The neuromuscular blocking action of an isolated toxin from the elapid (Oxyuranus scutellactus).

Intravenous administration of the neurotoxin (taipoxin) to mice caused after a latent period death by respiratory paralysis. The length of the latent period varied with dose, the dose-response relation being bilogarithmic. Taipoxin failed to affect the resting membrane potential and the action potential of muscle. It caused a slight reduction in the acetylcholine sensitivity of the muscle membrane. The main effect of taipoxin on neuromuscular transmission was to reduce spontaneous and evoked transmitter release. The frequency of spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) was reduced to complete stop and depolarization of nerve terminals by a high potassium concentration (20 mM) failed to cause a marked and sustained increase in m.e.p.p. frequency. With nerve stimulation the amplitude of end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s.) was reduced and with repetitive stimulation the amplitude of e.p.p.s. rapidly fell to a low level. Post-tetanic facilitation of m.e.p.p. frequency and of e.p.p. amplitude were absent. The shape of evoked e.p.p.s. indicated asynchronous release of transmitter quanta. The effects of the toxin on neuromuscular transmission progressed even when the muscle was removed from the animal and placed in toxin-free bathing fluid. In vitro experiments showed that the rate of onset of neuromuscular block depended on the temperature of the bathing solution and on the degree of activity at the neuromuscular junction. Thus, incubation in toxin solution during 4 hr at 28° C failed to produce a neuromuscular block while at 37° C the block was complete within 1 h. With nerve stimulation at 10 Hz for 2 s every 2 min the rate of blockade was more rapid than in unstimulated preparations, similarly 20 mM potassium in the bathing fluid enhanced the rate of blockade.