Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy, annotated new records and a checklist of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) of Finland, with description of a new species of Eustochus

A taxonomic account and an annotated checklist of the Finnish Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are given, comprising 85 named species in 19 genera. Among them 2 genera, Dicopus Enock, 1909 and Stethynium Enock, 1909, 1 subgenus, Anagrus (Paranagrus Perkins, 1905), and the following 25 species represent new records for Finland: Anagrus (Anagrus) avalae Soyka, 1956, A. (Anagrus) bakkendorfi Soyka, 1946, A. (Anagrus) ensifer Debauche, 1948, A. (Anagrus) nigriceps (Smits van Burgst, 1914), A. (Anagrus) obscurus Förster, 1861, A. (Anagrus) parvus Soyka, 1956, A. (Anagrus) subfuscus Foerster, 1847, A. (Paranagrus) optabilis (Perkins, 1905), Anaphes (Anaphes) stygius Debauche, 1948, Camptoptera magna Soyka, 1946, Cleruchus megatrichus Novicky, 1965, C. taktochno Triapitsyn, 2014, Cosmocomoidea oxypygus (Foerster, 1856), C. tremulae (Bakkendorf, 1934), Dicopus minutissimus Enock, 1909, D. moscovit Triapitsyn, 2015, Gonatocerus aegyptiacus Soyka, 1950, Lymaenon aureus (Girault, 1911), L. longior (Soyka, 1946), Polynema flavipes Walker, 1846, P. fuscipes Haliday, 1833, P. pusilloides Debauche, 1948, P. valkenburgense Soyka, 1931, P. vitripenne (Foerster, 1847), and Stethynium triclavatum Enock, 1909. New distributional records and taxonomic notes on some genera and species are also provided. Caraphractus Walker, 1846, syn. nov. is synonymized with Eustochus Haliday, 1833 and treated as its subgenus, E. (Caraphractus), stat. revid. , and its type species Caraphractus cinctus Walker, 1846 is transferred to Eustochus as Eustochus (Caraphractus) cinctus (Walker, 1846), comb. nov. Eustochus (Eustochus) koponeni Triapitsyn, sp. nov. is described from Finland and Germany. Lymaenon gracilentus (Hellén, 1974), stat. restit. is resurrected as a valid species from the previous synonymy with Lymaenon aureus and redescribed. The previously unknown male of Alaptus schmitzi Soyka, 1939 is described. Polynema depressicollis Hellén, 1974, syn. nov., is synonymized with Polynema (Doriclytus) vitripenne. Anagrus (Paranagrus) optabilis is newly recorded from the Canary Islands and Madeira, and Cleruchus megatrichus is for the first time reported from France.
Learned predators enhance biological control via organizational upward and trophic top‐down cascades

Abstract Learning is a behavioural change based on memory of previous experiences and a ubiquitous phenomenon in animals. Learning effects are commonly life‐stage‐ and age‐specific. In many animals, early life experiences lead to pervasive and persistent behavioural changes. There is broad consensus that learning has far‐reaching implications to biological control. Proximate and ultimate factors of individual learning by parasitoids and true predators are relatively well understood, yet the consequences of learning to higher organizational levels, populations and communities, and top‐down trophic cascades are unexplored. We addressed this issue using a tri‐trophic system consisting of predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii, Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and whole common bean plants, Phaseolus vulgaris. F. occidentalis are notorious horticultural pests that are difficult to control. Therefore, practitioners have much to gain by optimizing biological control of thrips. Previous studies have shown that early life experience of thrips by A. swirskii improves foraging on thrips later in life due to decreased prey recognition times and increased predation rates, together enhancing predator fecundity. Here, we hypothesized that early learning by A. swirskii enhances biological control of thrips via immediate and cascading effects. We predicted that release of thrips‐experienced predators enhances predator population growth and thrips suppression and reduces plant damage as compared to release of thrips‐naïve predators. The behavioural changes brought about by early learning cascaded up to the population and community levels. Thrips‐experienced predators caused favourable immediate and cascading effects that could not be compensated for in populations founded by thrips‐naïve predators. Populations founded by thrips‐experienced predators grew faster, reached higher abundances, were more efficacious in suppressing an emerging thrips population and kept plant damage at lower levels than populations founded by thrips‐naïve predators. Plant fecundity correlated negatively with thrips abundance and positively with predatory mite abundance. Improved biological control was mainly due to thrips‐experienced founders providing for a head‐start in predator population growth and thrips suppression. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that learned natural enemies have high potential to optimize augmentative biological control on a larger scale due to favourably modulating organizational upward and trophic top‐down cascades.
The Single-Celled Ancestors of Animals: A History of Hypotheses

Animals, with their complex and obligate multicellularity, evolved from microbial eukaryotes that were likely obligately or facultatively unicellular. The nature of the unicellular progenitors of animals has intrigued biologists since the late 19th century, coinciding with the parallel spread of the cell theory and the theory of evolution. However, views on the ancestry of animals have been extremely varied. The huge diversity of single-celled organisms, the tremendous plasticity of animal cellular phenotypes, and the difficulties of organizing both into clear phylogenies in the pre-molecular era allowed a wide range of hypotheses to flourish, with nearly every major single-celled lineage, at one time or another, having been proposed as the precursor of animals. Most of these hypotheses never gained followers beyond their originator (such as the ideas that animals evolved directly from either bacteria, Volvox or fungi) and will not be discussed here. Three concepts, however, have been enduring and influential: (1) the amoeboid theory; (2) the flagellate theory; and the (3) the ciliate theory – to which a fourth category can now be added: (4) a mixed model, in which the ancestor was phenotypically plastic. We will discuss their origin, history, and current relevance.
Highly sensitive biosensor based on a microcantilever and alternating current electrothermal technology

This work presents a highly sensitive biosensor based on a microcantilever and alternating current (AC) electrothermal technology. The AC electrothermal unit was developed and integrated with the cantilever chip to improve the capture efficiency of the molecules under test. The AC electrothermal effect enhanced the aggregation of molecules around the microcantilever, increased their binding probability to the sensor and improved the detection performance of the biosensor. This microcantilever sensor was used to detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus and achieved a detection limit of ∼5 × 105 CFU ml−1, one order of magnitude lower than that of the sensor without AC electrothermal technology. Meanwhile, the detection time was reduced to 40 min, nearly half that of the conventional cantilever sensors.
Ion Exchange of Ammonium in Zeolites: A Literature Review

The objective of this review was to acquire knowledge concerning the ammonium ion exchange technique within the field of wastewater treatment. General concepts as well as details concerning the loading and the regeneration phases were included. Both chemical and biological regeneration processes were reviewed. Concerning ion exchangers, the study focused on different kinds of zeolites. The possibilities of employing the ion exchange technique for the recovery of nitrogen was also discussed. The study was carried out as a literature review. Conclusions from this study are that full-scale wastewater treatment plants that employ the ammonium ion exchange technique are scarce and few applications have been developed to recover ammonia nitrogen, for example, for agricultural purposes. Zeolites are somewhat heterogeneous because of natural variations of the minerals. Factors that influence the ammonium adsorption during the loading phase are well known. Biological regeneration has primarily been developed to decrease the brine consumption at regeneration or to improve the conventional nitrification-denitrification process. If the ion exchange technique is to be used to recover ammonium, both chemical and biological regeneration might be employed.
Severe biventricular thrombosis in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report

Abstract Background Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg–Strauss syndrome, is a rare multisystem disease characterized by asthma, rhinosinusitis, and eosinophilia. Cardiac involvement, present in half the patients, may be life threatening. Case summary A young woman with long-standing asthma and nasal polyposis was admitted with new-onset dyspnoea, sinus tachycardia, and eosinophilia. She had severe biventricular thrombosis and severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on echocardiography, with preserved ejection fraction of both ventricles. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging showed diffuse subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). She had a positive test for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) confirming the diagnosis of ANCA positive EGPA. She was treated with anticoagulation, high-dose corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab with gradual resolution of her symptoms. Follow-up echocardiography showed significant improvement in ventricular thrombi and TR but could not reliably exclude residual ventricular thrombus. Repeat CMR at 11 months confirmed complete resolution of both ventricular thrombi and near complete resolution of LGE. Discussion Cardiac involvement in EGPA, a rare cause of heart failure, can manifest as severe biventricular thrombosis and severe TR, resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Combined immunosuppression and anticoagulation can lead to complete remission within a year. CMR is instrumental for both diagnosis and follow-up of EGPA, allowing for safe discontinuation of oral anticoagulation.
TIPS: Time-aware Personalised Semantic-based query auto-completion

With the rapid growth of the Internet, search engines play vital roles in meeting the users’ information needs. However, formulating information needs to simple queries for canonical users is a problem yet. Therefore, query auto-completion, which is one of the most important characteristics of the search engines, is leveraged to provide a ranked list of queries matching the user’s entered prefix. Although query auto-completion utilises useful information provided by search engine logs, time-, semantic- and context-aware features are still important resources of extra knowledge. Specifically, in this study, a hybrid query auto-completion system called TIPS (Time-aware Personalised Semantic-based query auto-completion) is introduced to combine the well-known systems performing based on popularity and neural language model. Furthermore, this system is supplemented by time-aware features that blend both context and semantic information in a collaborative manner. Experimental studies on the standard AOL dataset are conducted to compare our proposed system with state-of-the-art methods, that is, FactorCell, ConcatCell and Unadapted. The results illustrate the significant superiorities of TIPS in terms of mean reciprocal rank (MRR), especially for short-length prefixes.
Immobilization of Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer/Nickel Phtalocyanine as Nanostructured Multilayer Films To Be Used as Gate Membranes for SEGFET pH Sensors

We describe the assembly of layer-by-layer films based on the poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (PPID) generation 3 and nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) for application as chemically sensitive membranes in separative extended-gate field effect transistor (SEGFET) pH sensors. PPID/NiTsPc films were adsorbed on quartz, glass, indium tin oxide, or gold (Au)-covered glass substrates. Multilayer formation was monitored via UV−vis absorption upon following the increment in the Q-band intensity (615 nm) of NiTsPc. The nanostructured membranes were very stable in a pH range of 4−10 and displayed a good sensitivity toward H+, ca. 30 mV/pH for PPID/NiTsPc films deposited on Au-covered substrates. For films deposited on ITO, the sensitivity was ca. 52.4 mV/pH, close to the expected theoretical value for ion-sensitive membranes. The use of chemically stable PPID/NiTsPc films as gate membranes in SEGFETs, as introduced here, may represent an alternative for the fabrication of nanostructured, porous platfor.
Characterization of the C-type lectin from the marine sponge (Stylissa flexibilis)

A lectin from the marine sponge Stylissa flexibilis, designated as SFL, was purified by cold ethanol precipitation followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sepharose column and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. SFL is a dimeric glycoprotein of 32 kDa subunits linked by a disulfide bridge with a molecular mass of 64 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 65 kDa by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. The lectin preferentially agglutinated enzyme treated human A erythrocytes, whereas it did not agglutinate any type of rabbit, human B and O erythrocytes, irrespective of treatment with enzymes. The hemagglutination activity of lectin was strongly inhibited by monosaccharide, D-galactose and glycoproteins, asialo-porcine stomach mucin and asialo-fetuin, indicating that lectin is specific for O-glycans. Activity of SFL was stable over a range of pH from 5 to 8, up to 60 °C for 30 min and its activity was Ca dependent, indicating that SFL was belonged to the C-type lectin family and requires metal for biological activity. SFL caused agglutination of Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus in a dose dependent manner and inhibited the growth rate of these bacterial strains, suggesting that the lectin caused the agglutination through binding to the target receptor(s) on the surface of Vibrios. Thus, SFL can be considered as a good source of lectin(s) being useful as carbohydrate probe and antibacterial reagent.
Directional Characteristics of Wireless Power Transfer via Coupled Magnetic Resonance

The wireless power transfer (WPT) system via coupled magnetic resonance (CMR) is an efficient and practical power transmission technology that can realize medium- and long-distance power transmission. People’s requirements for the flexibility of charging equipment are becoming increasingly prominent. How to get rid of the “flitch plate type” wireless charging method and enhance the anti-offset performance is the main research direction. Directional characteristics of the system can affect the load receive power and system efficiency in practical applications. In this paper, the power and efficiency of the WPT system via CMR were analyzed according to the principle of near-field strong coupling at first. The expression of the mutual inductance between the transmitting and the receiving coils under angular offset was derived from the perspective of the mathematical model, and the influences of angular deviation were analyzed. Second, simulation models were established under different distance between coils, different coil types, and different coil radius ratios in symmetrical and asymmetrical systems. Afterwards, the directional law was obtained, providing reference for the optimal design of coupling coils. Finally, an experimental system was built, and directional characteristic experiments were carried out under different conditions. Experimental results were consistent with simulation results, which verified the theoretical analysis.
Spatial and Temporal Validation of a CFD Model Using Residence Time Distribution Test in a Tubular Reactor

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) has been increasingly exploited for the design and optimization of (bio)chemical processes. Validation is a crucial part of any modeling application. In CFD, when validation is done, complex and expensive techniques are normally employed. The aim of this study was to test the capability of the CFD model to represent a residence time distribution (RTD) test in a temporal and spatial fashion inside a reactor. The RTD tests were carried out in a tubular reactor operated in continuous mode, with and without the presence of artificial biomass. Two hydraulic retention times of 7.2 and 13 h and superficial velocities 0.65, 0.6, 1.3, and 1.1 m h−1 were evaluated. As a tracer, an aqueous solution of methylene blue was used. The CFD model was implemented in ANSYS Fluent, and to solve the equations system, the SIMPLE scheme and second-order discretization methods were selected. The proposed CFD model that represents the reactor was able to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of the tracer injected in the reactor. The main disagreements between the simulations and the experimental results were observed, especially in the first 50 min of the RTD, caused by the different error sources, associated to the manual execution of the triplicates, as well as some channeling or tracer by-pass that cannot be predicted by the CFD model. The CFD model performed better as the time of the experiment elapsed for all the sampling ports. A validation methodology based on an RTD by sampling at different reactor positions can be employed as a simple way to validate CFD models.
Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Zambia

Brucellosis is an infectious zoonosis that has huge economic and public health implications globally. The disease is prevalent in humans, livestock and wildlife in Sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 6 May 2017 and 31 July 2020 during which 1712 sera from 175 cattle herds in five districts from Southern, Western and Eastern Provinces of Zambia were collected and screened against brucellosis. The Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and competitive Enzyme-linked Immuno Assay (c-ELISA) were used in serial testing for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species. A total of 127 animals from 37 herds tested positive, giving overall individual animal and herd-level seroprevalences of 7.53% (95% CI: 6.28–8.78%) and 21.14% (95% CI: 15.0–27.2%), respectively. Namwala district had the highest herd seroprevalence (33.9%, 95% CI: 21.6–46.1%), while Lundazi did not record any seropositivity. Comparably, Southern Province had the highest individual animal (8.97%, 95% CI: 7–11%) and herd-level (28.5%, 95% CI: 20.3–36.7%) seroprevalences, although this was not statistically significant. Within Southern Province, higher seropositivity was observed in Namwala district (OR: 8.55; CI: 2.66–27.44), among female animals (OR: 2.48; CI: 1.38–4.46) and in those aged 11 years and above (OR: 2.67; CI: 1.34–5.34) as well as in gravid cows (OR: 4.34; CI: 2.08–8.92). Seropositivity was also observed among some animals with hygromas (OR: 6.5; CI: 0.45–94.08) and those with a history of abortion (OR: 1.13; CI: 0.18–7.28) although the findings were not statistically significant. Brucella seroprevalence among traditional cattle in Zambia remains high. Control programs against bovine brucellosis must be introduced to reduce its impact on human health and animal production.
Long‐Term Variability and Tendencies in Middle Atmosphere Temperature and Zonal Wind From WACCM6 Simulations During 1850–2014

Long‐term variability of middle atmosphere temperature (T) and zonal wind (U) is investigated using a three‐member ensemble of historical simulations of NCAR's Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model latest version 6 (WACCM6) for 1850–2014 (165 years). The model reproduces the climatological features of T and U. The contributions of Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 10 and 30 hPa, solar cycle (SC), El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), ozone depleting substances (ODS), carbon dioxide (CO2), and stratospheric sulfate aerosol (volcanic eruptions) to change in monthly zonal mean T and U are analyzed using multiple linear regression. The signal due to CO2 increase dominates as a predictor of the net multidecadal global annual mean temperature change at all levels in the middle atmosphere. Contributions from ODS also affect the net multidecadal global mean temperature trend in the stratosphere. Because of similarities in the time evolution of the emissions of CO2 and ODS, the analysis of existing model output cannot accurately separate the attributions of cooling to these two dominant forcing processes. On shorter time scales, solar flux variations are the largest source of variability in the mesosphere while volcanic eruptions are the largest in the stratosphere. In the stratosphere and mesosphere, both QBO and ENSO can significantly impact zonal mean temperature and zonal‐mean zonal wind depending on latitudes, but their impact on the multidecadal global mean temperature trend is very small.
Electrochemical Properties of Graphene Paper Electrodes Used in Lithium Batteries

Chemically prepared graphene was used to form highly active electrodes for use as a cathode in a Li battery. The first discharge process gave a flat discharge plateau at 2.20 V at a current density of 50 mA g−1, and a discharge capacity of 528 mA h g−1 was obtained with a cutoff voltage of 2.0 V.
Autocorrelations of kinetic parameters in coal and char reactions

For a wide range of coal reactions, the values of the preexponential constants (k 0 ) and activation energies (E) are shown to be so highly correlated that the presumption is that they are autocorrelated. The reactions involved include total pyrolysis; pyrolytic release of tar, hydrocarbons, and low molecular weight gases; volatile combustion; and char-gas reactions. The presumption of autocorrelation is supported by a simple analysis based on the assumption that variations in k 0 and E are a statistical consequence of random errors of measurement
easyQuake: Putting Machine Learning to Work for Your Regional Seismic Network or Local Earthquake Study

We developed a Python package—easyQuake—that consists of a flexible set of tools for detecting and locating earthquakes from International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks-collected or field-collected seismograms. The package leverages a machine-learning driven phase picker, coupled with an associator, to produce a Quake Markup Language (QuakeML) style catalog complete with magnitudes and P-wave polarity determinations. We describe how nightly computations on day-long seismograms identify lower-magnitude candidate events that were otherwise missed due to cultural noise and how those events are incorporated into the Oklahoma Geological Survey statewide network upon analyst manual review. We discuss applications for the package, including earthquake detection for regional networks and microseismicity studies in arbitrary user-defined regions. Because the fundamentals of the package are scale invariant, it has wide application to seismological earthquake analysis from regional to local arrays and has great potential for identifying early aftershocks that are otherwise missed. The package is fast and reliable; the computations are relatively efficient across a range of hardware, and we have encountered very few (∼1%) false positive event detections for the Oklahoma case study. The utility and novelty of the package is the turnkey earthquake analysis with QuakeML file output, which can be dropped directly into existing real-time earthquake analysis systems. We have designed the functions to be quite modular so that a user could replace the provided picker or associator with one of their choosing. The Python package is open source and development continues.