Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bots Work Better than Human Beings: An Online System to Break Google’s Image-based reCaptcha v2

The image-based captcha is currently the most widely used captcha scheme to protect web services from automated attacks. Among the main image-based captchas, Google’s re-Captcha v2 is adopted by millions of websites. Its motto (principle) is to create a task that is “Easy for humans, hard for bots. ” As technology advances, we want to investigate whether this main principle is well conformed to or not. Previous works show that most existing image-based captchas could be vulnerable to deep learning-based attacks. However, all of the works are ofﬂine attacks/analysis, which could not provide practical measurements of to what extent automated programs can pass these captchas. In this paper, we design and implement the ﬁrst fully online system (ImageBreaker) to break Google’s most recent image-based reCaptcha v2. We leverage advanced object recognition technologies and browser automation techniques to build our system, and the system achieves the highest success rate at breaking reCaptcha v2 compared to other recent works. Notably, our online attack tests can achieve a success rate of 92.40% while taking 14.86 seconds per captcha on average; the time includes the delay we added to confuse the reCaptcha system, online image downloading time, and the log-generation time. Our ofﬂine attack tests achieve a success rate of 95.00% while taking 5.27 seconds per captcha, much higher than 79% success rate in related work. Our online and ofﬂine success rates are both higher than 92%, comparable with the success rates of six captcha-solving services with thousands of human labors. If considering time, our ofﬂine attack achieves the best performance. It shows that the implementation of reCaptcha v2 does not conform to its motto well
Masters’ Courses Recommendation: Exploring Collaborative Filtering and Singular Value Decomposition with Student Proﬁling

The decision that students have to make on which masters courses to enrol is decisive: this choice may have a direct impact on their academic and personal goals and may constrain their future professional area. A bad choice of courses may demotivate a student, which can cause the student to drop out or to not take advantage of the totality of his skills. However, usually no support is oﬀered to contest this problem. It is crucial that understanding over students particularities is acknowledged, so as to recommend courses that besides interesting, are also adequate to their capabilities. The use of recommendation systems to suggest items to users has well-known success in several domains, as in e-commerce and movies recommendation. Some of the most successful recommendation techniques are singular value decomposition (SVD) and collaborative ﬁltering. In this work, we propose the combination of these two techniques, along with as-soon-as-possible (ASAP) classiﬁers, so as to capture the hidden factors that explain courses marks. With this knowledge, we aim to predict students masters courses marks, in order to be able to recommend the masters courses that are more adequate for their skills. Through ASAP classiﬁers is possible to anticipate the recommendation, requiring less data from the target student. Our results show that our approach to predict the masters courses marks has potential to serve as a starting point for the recommendation production.
GENETIC VARIATION FOR ROOT DEVELOPMENTAL TRAITS IN BRASSICA NAPUS SEEDLINGS

The importance of root architecture in plant production stems from the fact that many soil resources are unequally distributed, or are subject to localized depletion, so that the spatial arrangement of the root system will in large measure determine the ability of a plant to exploit those resources. In soil due to the low mobility of some plant nutrients, their acquisition is dependent on the spatial exploration by plant roots. Soil exploration by plant roots is a function of root growth and architecture. Root architectural characters in crop plants are important for nutrient acquisition, which includes basal root whorl number, adventitious rooting, root hair length, density, branching etc. under genetic control of the plant species/genotypes.
Factors Burnout Teacher Guidance and Counseling in Ambon

Research are factors influence teacher's burnout guidance and counseling in city Ambon. This type of research is quantitative study. Research subject 65 guidance and counseling teachers in Ambon, using saturated sampling techniques to population less than 100 respondents. Study collected data about burnout using SPSS multiple regression analysis was obtained R = 0.949, R = 0.900 and Adjusted R Square = 0.894 with Fvalue = 164.465 and level significan (P < 0.05) meaning, self efficacy, social support, and demands. Work has significant influence burnout 90%. So there is significant influence factors that affect burnout. Thus it can be concluded that level of self efficacy, social support level, and job demands affect teacher burnout guidance and counseling in city
Grasping Unknown Objects Based on Gripper Workspace Spheres

In this paper, we present a novel grasp planning algorithm for unknown objects given a registered point cloud of the target from different views. The proposed methodology requires no prior knowledge of the object, nor offline learning. In our approach, the gripper kinematic model is used to generate a point cloud of each finger workspace, which is then filled with spheres. At run-time, first the object is segmented, its major axis is computed, in a plane perpendicular to which, the main grasping action is constrained. The object is then uniformly sampled and scanned for various gripper poses that assure at least one object point is located in the workspace of each finger. In addition, collision checks with the object or the table are performed using computationally inexpensive gripper shape approximation. Our methodology is both time efficient (consumes less than 1.5 seconds in average) and versatile. Successful experiments have been conducted on a simple jaw gripper (Franka Panda gripper) as well as a complex, high Degree of Freedom (DoF) hand (Allegro hand).
Gr upSM A Brief Introduction to Major Diagnostic Methods Used for Tb

Madeeha Afzal1,Ruqyya Khalid1 and Sana Khurshid2 1School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-eAzam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 2Institute of Molecular biology and Biochemistry, University of Lahore, 1km defense road, Lahore, Pakistan *Corresponding author: Madeeha Afzal, School of biological Sciences, Quaid-eAzam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, Email: madeehaafzal85@gmail.com
Exploring climate change impacts during first half of the 21st century on flow regime of the transboundary Kabul River in the Hindukush region

In transboundary river basins, climate change is being considered as a concern of higher degree than it is in other parts of the world. The Kabul River Basin, a sub-basin of the Indus River system shared by Pakistan and Afghanistan, is no exception. High level of sensitivity of its flow to temperature makes it imperative to analyse climate change impacts on the flow regime of this important river for efficient water resources management on both sides of the border. The snowmelt runoff model integrated with remote sensing snow cover product MODIS was selected to simulate daily discharges. Future projections were generated for two selected time slices, 2011–2030 (near future) and 2031–2050 (far future), based on output of an ensemble of four GCMs' RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Analysis shows a significant temperature increase under both scenarios in the near and far future at a high-altitude region of the basin which mostly receives snowfall that is also found increasing over time. Consequently, it causes a change in the flow regime and more frequent and heavier flooding events, thus calling for a joint strategy of the two riparian countries to mitigate the anticipated impacts in the basin for safety of people and overall prosperity.
Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Core Inflation on Economic Growth in Iran : Application of MIDAS Models

From the monetary authority perspective, all parts of fluctuations in CPI do not have the same importance for implementing monetary policy and do not also have an equal impact on economic growth. The CPI fluctuations can be separated into two main parts: permanent and temporary or transient. In the long run, the changes in relative prices which originate from temporary shocks, because of price flexibility and substitution of goods by consumer, will be adjusted and, as a result, will not have a significant effect on inflation and economic growth. Therefore, monetary authority should not take into account the temporary part of CPI fluctuations in implementing the monetary policy. Some economists believe that it is better for monetary authorities to implement the policies only based on the core inflation. In the present study, we first calculated the core inflation and then investigated the effect of core inflation on economic growth. To this end, we used the data in the 2005-2018 period and the MIDAS method. Thye results indicated that financial depth, core inflation and oil revenues have a significant and negative effect on economic growth. The results further showed that openness, government spending on infrastructures, capital stock, and active population have a significant and positive effect and employment permits have no significant effect on economic growth.
Detection of Optic Disk in Fundus Image using Supervised Learning: Survey

- Glaucoma is a sight threatening retinal disease that needs attention at its early stage, though it does not reveal any symptoms. Glaucoma is identified usually through cup to disc ratio based on Image processing techniques. This work involves segmentation of OD region, segmentation of optic disc through proposed maximum voting of three segmentation algorithms (morphological based structure learning), segmentation of optic disc through intensity thresholding, feature extraction from these segmented structures, feature selection to identify significant features, and then the classification done using the decision trees to detect whether the input image is affected by Glaucoma or not.
Tribochemical effects on the friction and wear behaviors of diamond-like carbon film under high relative humidity condition

Friction andwear behaviors of diamond-like carbon (DLC) film in humidN2 (RH-100%) sliding against different counterpart ball (Si3N4 ball, Al2O3 ball and steel ball) were investigated. It was found that the friction and wear behaviors of DLCfilmwere dependent on the friction-induced tribochemical interactions in thepresenceof theDLCfilm,watermolecules and counterpartballs.When sliding against Si3N4 ball, a tribochemical film that mainly consisted of silica gel was formed on the worn surface due to the oxidation and hydrolysis of the Si3N4 ball, and resulted in the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate of the DLC film. The degradation of the DLC filmcatalyzedbyAl2O3 ball caused the highestwear rate ofDLCfilmwhen sliding againstAl2O3 ball, while the tribochemical reactions between DLC film and steel ball led to the highest friction coefficient when sliding against steel ball.
The Production of Words with the Morpheme ED by Brazilian Speakers of English as a Foreign Language

Research in the area of English as a Second Language reveals that transfer is one of the main factors that prevent learners from having a native-like pronunciation. Observing Brazilian learners of English, we can indeed recognize interference of Portuguese segment features and syllable structure in the production of English words. Although research results have confirmed that, in the area of phonology, transfer is really one of the main sources of errors in L2 production and perception, other factors such as markedness and phonological environment have also been shown to be important constraints. Investigation into the similarity between first and second language acquisition have led researchers to the conclusion that L1 and L2 acquisition have a lot in common (Major, 1996; White, 2003; see Eckman, 2004 for a review) and that L2 learners’ interlanguage is not only influenced by their native language. However, it happens that, regarding the focus of this particular research, languages are different in their syllable constitution and it is important to understand what happens to interlanguage syllables.
The Effect of Co-Doping at the A-Site on the 2 Structure and Oxide Ion Conductivity in ( Ba 0 . 5-3 x Sr x ) La 0 . 5 InO 3-δ : A Molecular Dynamics Study 4

The molecular dynamics simulation has been used to investigate the structural and 13 transport properties of (Ba0.5-xSrx)La0.5InO3-δ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2) oxygen-ion conductor. The previous 14 studies reported that the ionic conductivity of Ba-doped LaInO3 decreases because Ba dopant forms 15 narrow oxygen path in the lattice, which could hinder the diffusion of oxygen ion. In this study, we 16 reveal the mechanism to improve the ionic conductivity by Ba and Sr co-doping on La site in LaInO3 17 perovskite oxide. The results show that the ionic conductivity of (Ba0.5-xSrx)La0.5InO3-δ increases with 18 increasing numbers of Sr ions, which oxygen diffusion paths including Sr ion have larger critical 19 radius than Ba ions. The RDF calculations showed the heights of peak in composition including Sr 20 ions is lower and broaden, so oxygen ions moved easily into other oxygen sites. 21
Gamification of 3 DWire 2014

This paper describes the objectives, the design and production process and the quantitative & qualitative results of the analog Gamification of Anonymous event. It also discusses results and the benefits of gamification for social in-person events geared toward external attendees. The methodology used to collect data was full-analog and the experience designed to neither be difficult nor time consuming. Results show that main objectives, to drive attendees to points of interest and to facilitate networking, were met. Also, results show high levels of engagement and satisfaction from attendees but also from gamification volunteers and production team as well as insights in gender and professional experience behavior towards gamification elements, but it also shows that we need more data and better methodologies to validate some of the conclusions.
A new calibration procedure for expectation of arch length

Background: The aim of the current study was to determine the relationship between arch length and different arch widths, and the possibility of using different arch widths as predictors for expectation of arch length in upper and lower dental arches and in both genders. The current study is a first attempt to select the patients on the basis of gender in regard to different dental arch widths and length. Subjects and method: The sampling procedure comprised 120 pairs of upper and lower dental casts of untreated Iraqi adult subjects (60 male and 60 females) aged 17 -27 years old. The dental study casts of both upper and lower dental arches were scanned and digitized by special procedure, six inter-arch widths and the arch length were traced on images of upper and lower dental arches by the digitization procedure. Results: Student′s t-test showed no marked gender differences for all measurements in both upper and lower dental arches, regarding the inter-relation between upper and lower dental arches, there were significant correlation coefficients at 0.01 level for the different arch widths and length, the predictability of the relationship between the arch length and the inter-central incisor width in the upper arch was found to be very strong, while in the lower arch the predictability of the relationship between the arch length and the inter-central incisor width was also found to be very strong, but it was just found to be strong between the lower arch length and the lower inter-first premolar width. Conclusions: The manner of strong correlation between different arch widths and length may be due to that the dental arch variables are acting together as a single biological unit, rather than a collection of discrete entities. From the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, it can be concluded that the upper inter-central incisor width plays an important role in the prediction of the upper dental arch length, while in the lower arch, the lower inter-central incisor and inter-first premolar widths play the same important role in the prediction of the lower dental arch length.
Blood Flow Biomechanics and Initial Factors for the Atherosclerosis Development

It is accepted now that hemodynamic forces are the localizing factors in atherogenesis, but conclusions about the reasons of the vessel wall damage are inconsistent. The purpose is to study and reveal the initial factors of atherogenesis in the aortic arch. 25 men from 17 to 45 years old have been investigated by Ì R angiography on Siemens-Avanto. In the aortic arch at the time of protodiastole the blood flow is separated into opposite directed streams and the flow arrest with the flat flow profile is noted in discrete sites of the aorta. Blood protodiastolic acceleration is 6 times higher than that in the systole, and shear stress exceeds the verge of the endothelial endurance. The circular blood flow at the aortic arch in protodiastole is characterized by high acceleration, and the local pressure in flat profile can damage internal layer of the vessel. © 2007 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.
Citations in Source Code Comments

Academic publications have been evaluated with the impact on research communities based on the number of citations. On the other hand, the impact of academic publications on industry has been rarely studied. This paper investigates how academic publications contribute to software development by analyzing publication citations in source code comments in open source software repositories. We propose an automated approach of detecting academic publications based on Named Entity Recognition, and achieve 0.90 in F1 as detection accuracy. We conduct a large-scale study of publication citations with 319,438,977 comments collected from active 25,925 repositories written in seven programming languages. Our findings indicate that academic publications can be knowledge sources of software development, and there can be potential issues of obsoleting knowledge.
A New Generalization of Pell-Lucas Numbers (Bi-Periodic Pell-Lucas Sequence)

In this study, we bring into light, a new generalization of the Jacobsthal Lucas numbers, which shall also be called the bi-periodic Jacobsthal Lucas sequence as \begin{align*} Q_{n}= \begin{cases} 2bQ_{n-1}+Q_{n-2},&\text{if} \ n \ \text{is even} \\ 2aQ_{n-1}+Q_{n-2},&\text{if} \ n \ \text{is odd}% \end{cases} \text{\ \ }n\geq 2, \end{align*} with initial conditions \(Q_{0}=2\), \(Q_{1}=a\). The Binet formula as well as the generating function for this sequence are given. The convergence properties of the consecutive terms of this sequence are also examined after which the well known Cassini, Catalans and the D'Ocagne's identities as well as some related summation formulas are also given.
Benchmarking the predictive capability of hydrological models for river flow and flood peak predictions across over 1000 catchments in Great Britain

Abstract. Benchmarking model performance across large samples of catchments is useful to guide model selection and future model development. Given uncertainties in the observational data we use to drive and evaluate hydrological models, and uncertainties in the structure and parameterisation of models we use to produce hydrological simulations and predictions, it is essential that model evaluation is undertaken within an uncertainty analysis framework. Here, we benchmark the capability of several lumped hydrological models across Great Britain by focusing on daily flow and peak flow simulation. Four hydrological model structures from the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE) were applied to over 1000 catchments in England, Wales and Scotland. Model performance was then evaluated using standard performance metrics for daily flows and novel performance metrics for peak flows considering parameter uncertainty. Our results show that lumped hydrological models were able to produce adequate simulations across most of Great Britain, with each model producing simulations exceeding a 0.5 Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency for at least 80 % of catchments. All four models showed a similar spatial pattern of performance, producing better simulations in the wetter catchments to the west and poor model performance in central Scotland and south-eastern England. Poor model performance was often linked to the catchment water balance, with models unable to capture the catchment hydrology where the water balance did not close. Overall, performance was similar between model structures, but different models performed better for different catchment characteristics and metrics, as well as for assessing daily or peak flows, leading to the ensemble of model structures outperforming any single structure, thus demonstrating the value of using multi-model structures across a large sample of different catchment behaviours. This research evaluates what conceptual lumped models can achieve as a performance benchmark and provides interesting insights into where and why these simple models may fail. The large number of river catchments included in this study makes it an appropriate benchmark for any future developments of a national model of Great Britain.
Disentangling the Concept and Role of Continuous Change for IS Research - A Systematic Literature Review

To ensure their business success in the digital age, organizations must continuously adapt to an increasingly hypercompetitive environment. Although the topic of continuous change has been addressed by previous research, we perceive a lack of attention on continuous change as an appropriate organizational change approach to tackle the challenges of digital business in the IS domain. Thus, our research goal is to analyze what IS research can learn from extant literature on continuous organizational change in today ’s business environments. By carrying out a systematic literature review and analyzing 34 relevant papers, we identify and describe five major research streams which explore continuous change from different perspectives. Furthermore, we discuss links to well-known theoretical concepts to stimulate interdisciplinary exchange and we present a research agenda to transfer the identified results into the IS domain. Finally, we provide organizations with guidance to manage the challenges of digital business.
A Comparative GARCH Analysis of Macroeconomic Variables and Returns on FTSE 100 Implied Volatility Index Returns

Volatility estimation is an important aspect when analysing market movements. The purpose of this paper is to study the ability of symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models to investigate the volatility of the FTSE 100 Implied Volatility Index (IVI). We use several alternative models including GARCH, EGARCH, GJR-GARCH, and the mixed data sampling approach, GARCH-MIDAS to model the conditional variance. We also introduce FTSE 100 index returns and several macroeconomic variables into the analysis to investigate whether they have an explanatory role in defining the conditional variance. The macroeconomic variables are the UK industrial production, 3 months LIBOR, GBP effective exchange rate, and unemployment rate. The results show that market returns and macroeconomic factors exhibit an important role in modelling the volatility for IVI indices, especially when using GARCH (1,1), which outperformed other models. Our results show that market returns and macroeconomic factors exhibit an important role in modelling the volatility for IVI indices, especially when using GARCH (1,1), which outperformed other models. The GARCH-MIDAS approach also presented evidences of the effect of these explanatory factors on estimating IVI.