Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ADP-ribosylation Factor and Rho Proteins Mediate fMLP-dependent Activation of Phospholipase D in Human Neutrophils*

Activation of intact human neutrophils by fMLP stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) by an unknown signaling pathway. The small GTPase, ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), and Rho proteins regulate the activity of PLD1 directly. Cell permeabilization with streptolysin O leads to loss of cytosolic proteins including ARF but not Rho proteins from the human neutrophils. PLD activation by fMLP is refractory in these cytosol-depleted cells. Readdition of myr-ARF1 but not non-myr-ARF1 restores fMLP-stimulated PLD activity. C3 toxin, which inactivates Rho proteins, reduces the ARF-reconstituted PLD activity, illustrating that although Rho alone does not stimulate PLD activity, it synergizes with ARF. To identify the signaling pathway to ARF and Rho activation by fMLP, we used pertussis toxin and wortmannin to examine the requirement for heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gi family and for phosphoinositide 3-kinase, respectively. PLD activity in both intact cells and the ARF-restored response in cytosol-depleted cells is inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating a requirement for Gi2/Gi3 protein. In contrast, wortmannin inhibited only fMLP-stimulated PLD activity in intact neutrophils, but it has no effect on myr-ARF1-reconstituted activity. fMLP-stimulated translocation of ARF and Rho proteins to membranes is not inhibited by wortmannin. It is concluded that activation of Gi proteins is obligatory for ARF/Rho activation by fMLP, but activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase is not required.
Telehealth Support of Managed Care for a Correctional System: The Open Architecture Telehealth Model.

INTRODUCTION The intent was to evaluate time to match initial investment of a new, statewide correctional system telehealth program based upon cumulative savings by avoidance of transportation and custody-related costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The setting was a statewide correctional system where prisoners received medical care through enhanced telemedicine technology supported by newly recruited specialty providers delivered through an open architecture system. The patients were incarcerated persons requiring nonemergent consultations in 10 specialties. A financial model was created to estimate transportation expenses, including vehicular use and custody staff, during the out of prison travel for traditional face-to-face care. Cost savings were then estimated by multiplying transportation expenses by the number of telehealth encounters (avoided cost) and summed cumulatively. Savings were mapped monthly. Private sector specialists were recruited, provided security clearance, trained in the use of the technology, and provided a secure site to provide services. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Based on the financial model, 1.2 million dollars in savings, equaling the initial capital investment, were achieved at 32 months. The total number of patient telemedicine encounters increased from 2,365 (±98/month) to 3,748 during the first 32 months of operation (July 2013 through January 2016: ±117/month) with 89% of the established specialties performed by telemedicine technologies. DISCUSSION It was initially estimated to require 48 months to achieve the investment savings, but savings were achieved in 32 months, demonstrating greater adoption than expected. While finances were quantifiable, enhanced public safety by avoidance of out of prison time is unquantifiable, but judged to be significant.
Aerosol vaccination of pigs against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection.

Aerosol vaccination is used effectively to immunize poultry against Newcastle disease, but to the authors' knowledge, this vaccination procedure is not well studied in other species. The efficacy of IM and aerosol vaccination of pigs against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was evaluated. Twenty-one pigs from a Mycoplasma-free herd were randomly allotted by litter and body weight into 3 groups. One group was given aerosolized phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS) by inhalation. The second group (AERO) was given aerosolized M hyopneumoniae vaccine by inhalation. The third group (IM) was given the same vaccine by IM injection. Vaccination by IM administration was repeated once, and aerosol vaccination was repeated twice at 2-week intervals. Two weeks after the last vaccination, all pigs were intratracheally challenge-exposed with 3 ml of broth culture containing 10(7) color-changing units (CCU) of a low-passage strain of virulent M hyopneumoniae. Pigs were observed daily for coughing. Four weeks after challenge exposure, all pigs were necropsied. Percentage of lung affected by gross pneumonia was measured, bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells were counted, and quantitative culture for mycoplasmas was performed on lung sections. Additionally, M hyopneumoniae-specific antibodies were measured in prevaccination, postvaccination, and postchallenge-exposure serum and BALF by use of indirect ELISA. Mean prevalence of persistent coughing in pigs of the AERO group (4.6 d/pig) was not different from that in pigs of the PBSS group (3.7 d/pig). Prevalence of coughing in IM vaccinated pigs (1.0 d/pig) was lower (P < 0.05) than that in pigs of the PBSS group. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] Reductases FabI and FabL fromBacillus subtilis *

Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] (ACP) reductase is a key enzyme in type II fatty-acid synthases that catalyzes the last step in each elongation cycle. The FabI component ofBacillus subtilis (bsFabI) was identified in the genomic data base by homology to the Escherichia coli protein. bsFabI was cloned and purified and exhibited properties similar to those of E. coli FabI, including a marked preference for NADH over NADPH as a cofactor. Overexpression of the B. subtilis fabI gene complemented the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of an E. coli fabI mutant. Triclosan was a slow-binding inhibitor of bsFabI and formed a stable bsFabI·NAD+·triclosan ternary complex. Analysis of the B. subtilis genomic data base revealed a second open reading frame (ygaA) that was predicted to encode a protein with a relatively low overall similarity to FabI, but contained the Tyr-Xaa6-Lys enoyl-ACP reductase catalytic architecture. The purified YgaA protein catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction oftrans-2-enoyl thioesters of bothN-acetylcysteamine and ACP. YgaA was reversibly inhibited by triclosan, but did not form the stable ternary complex characteristic of the FabI proteins. Expression of YgaA complemented the fabI(ts) defect in E. coli and conferred complete triclosan resistance. Single knockouts of theygaA or fabI gene in B. subtiliswere viable, but double knockouts were not obtained. ThefabI knockout was as sensitive as the wild-type strain to triclosan, whereas the ygaA knockout was 250-fold more sensitive to the drug. YgaA was renamed FabL to denote the discovery of a new family of proteins that carry out the enoyl-ACP reductase step in type II fatty-acid synthases.
Dietary balanced protein in broiler chickens. 2. An economic analysis

1. An economic model was developed that calculates economic optimal dietary balanced protein (DBP) contents for broiler chickens, based on performance input and prices of meat and feed. 2. Input on broiler responses to DBP content (growth rate, feed conversion, carcase yield and breast meat yield) was obtained from the model described by Eits et al. (2005). 3. Changes in broiler age, price of protein-rich raw materials and large changes (40%) in meat prices resulted in economic relevant differences in DBP content for maximum profit. Effects of changes in sex or feed price on DBP content for maximum profit were negligible. 4. Formulating diets for maximum profit instead of maximum broiler performance can strongly increase the profitability of a broiler production enterprise. 5. DBP content for maximum profitability depends on how the broilers are marketed; as whole birds, carcase or portions.
NARIAL CLOSURE IN TOADS ; WHICH MUSCLES ? TABLE 1 continued 217 Eleutherodactylus rugulosus Eupsophus roseus

Narial closure in frogs never involves intrinsic narial muscles; rather it is effected by action of the M. submentalis , a muscle of the lower jaw. None of more than 40 species of frogs examined showed any strained muscles in the snout, anterior to the eyes. Direct st imulation of all the relevant muscles, as well as electromyography with s imultaneous measurement of air flow at the nostrils, confirms Gaupp ' s hypothesis that the muscular displacement of the M. submentalis is t ransmit ted via bones and cartilages of the snout to close the nares.
Design Enquiry: Tacit Knowledge and Invention in Science

For some years there has been discussion and speculation on the subject of "design enquiry" and a number of people, for example Richard Buchanan and Clive Dilnot , have looked for forms of enquiry appropriate to, or fruitful for, design as an academic and professional discipline. From a different perspective, Ranulph Glanville has suggested that the relationship between design and science might be redefined to acknowledge similarities of method that are disguised by forms of narrative employed by scientists. However most contributions in these debates deal with generalisations so I would like to propose some specific ways in which designers can explore and develop the concepts and practices of design enquiry. In particular I would like to discuss a kind of enquiry where designers can play a role in forming and pursuing questions which arise in the natural sciences and I will suggest that this role might be extended into some other fields. In doing so I will make reference to the subject of tacit knowledge, a concept which was formalised by Michael Polanyi in his consideration of the philosophy of science 50 years ago and which has attracted continuing interest (his 1958 book, Personal Knowledge, was reprinted most recently in 1998 and 2002), but also some shallow interpretation since then. I believe that Polanyi has a great deal to offer the design community, perhaps more in some respects than the widely cited work of Donald Schon who dealt with general questions of practice relevant to many disciplines while Polanyi addressed the relationship between enquiry and creativity in a very direct way.
Clinical and laboratory 2‐year outcome of oral immunotherapy in patients with cow's milk allergy

Studies examining the long‐term effect of oral immunotherapy in food‐allergic patients are limited. We investigated cow's milk‐allergic patients, >6 months after the completion of oral immunotherapy (n = 197). Questionnaires, skin prick tests, and basophil activation assays were performed. Of the 195 patients contacted, 180 (92.3%) were consuming milk protein regularly. Half experienced adverse reactions, mostly mild. Thirteen patients (6.7%) required injectable epinephrine. Higher reaction rate after immunotherapy was associated with more anaphylactic episodes before treatment and a lower starting dose (OR = 2.1, P = 0.035 and OR = 2.3, P = 0.035, respectively). Reaction rate in patients who were 6–15 months, 15–30 months, or >30 months post‐treatment decreased from 0.28/month to 0.21/month to 0.15/month, respectively (P < 0.01). Milk‐induced %CD63 and %CD203c expression was significantly lower in patients >24 months vs in patients <24 months post‐treatment (P = 0.038 and P = 0.047, respectively). In conclusion, many patients experience mild adverse reactions after completing oral immunotherapy and some require injectable epinephrine. Progressive desensitization, both clinically and in basophil reactivity, occurs over time.
Sistema de bajo costo y alto rendimiento para bioensayos farmacológicos in vitro de tejido vivo

Presentamos un prototipo de un sistema integral encaminado a realizar este tipo de bioensayos: microscopia de epifluorescencia con calidad suficiente para adquirir y medir cuantitativamente la actividad celular del tejido vivo registrada in vitro pero de costo 10 veces menor −alrededor de 10,000 USD−. Se pueden realizar satisfactoriamente bioensayos funcionales de uso potencial en la industria farmaceutica, investigacion y docencia.
Effects of glycyrrhizin on renal functions in association with the regulation of water channels.

It is well-known that the mineralocorticoid action of glycyrrhizin, which is the major component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is caused by a defect in the conversion of cortisol to cortisone by the inhibition of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme activity. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of salt and water retention in the kidney of rats administered excess amounts of glycyrrhizin (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Up-regulation of aquaporin (AQP) 2 and 3 water channels was detected in the renal inner and outer medulla by Western blot analysis in rats treated with glycyrrhizin for 0.5, 1 and 2 consecutive weeks. Our results show that urine flow rates and sodium excretion rates in glycyrrhizin-treated rats were decreased significantly, but creatinine clearance (Ccr) was not altered. The decreases of urine volume and urinary sodium excretion in glycyrrhizin-treated rats were reversed by a 2-week injection of spironolactone, which is a well-known mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker. These results suggest that the retention of water and salt in glycyrrhizin-treated rats is, at least in part, accounted for by the increased expression of AQP 2 and 3 in the kidney, which may be causally related to the MR.
Leucemia mielomonocítica juvenil - um desafio diagnóstico

A leucemia mielomonocitica juvenil (LMMJ) e uma doenca rara, com mau prognostico e representa 2 a 3% das leucemias na idade pediatrica. Descreve-se o caso de uma crianca de 18 meses, com antecedentes de neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NF 1) e aumento do volume abdominal, obstipacao e palidez. Os achados clinicos e laboratoriais, incluindo o medulograma, permitiram o diagnostico de LMMJ. A paciente fez terapeutica com estabilizacao. A raridade e as caracteristicas inespecificas desta patologia acarretam frequentemente erros e atrasos no diagnostico. A NF 1 aumenta o risco desta doenca. A LMMJ pode mimetizar ou manifestar-se na sequencia de uma infecao viral, pelo que a presenca de infecao nao a permite excluir. O transplante de celulas estaminais e o unico tratamento potencialmente curativo.
Gate driving method for synchronous rectifiers in phase-shifted full-bridge converter

In high output current applications such as server power system, a phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter uses parallel connected power MOSFETs in synchronous rectifiers to reduce secondary conduction loss. However, it causes large gate driving loss. Therefore, this paper proposes a simple synchronous rectifiers (SRs) gate driving method for the PSFB converter. The proposed method reduces the supply voltage of SRs gate driver with a conventional input resistor and capacitor of SRs gate driver during the overlapping time of OR-gated signals in SRs. Therefore, without additional components and control techniques, the proposed method can significantly reduce the gate driving loss on SRs especially in light load conditions. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results from a prototype with 400V input and 750W/12V output.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Spinal Fixation Devices: I. A Conceptual Framework

In the field of spinal fixation devices, there is a profusion of new instrumentations. Often, the biomechanical evaluation is done in a nonstandardized manner, which makes it difficult to compare the results of one researcher with those of another, for the same device or for different devices. There is a need for a conceptual framework under which guidelines may be suggested for the evaluation of these devices in some uniform and comprehensive manner. There are three basic biomechanical tests: strength, fatigue, and stability. The strength test evaluates the failure load of the device, determines its weak points, and is helpful in the initial development of the device. The fatigue test provides a measure of longevity of the device, either alone or as part of the spinal construct, by testing the device to failure using cyclically varying loads. In contrast, the stability test measures the capability of the device to provide multi-directional stability to the injured spine. There is no failure of the device, and the results of this test are clinically important, as they characterize the potential for early fracture healing and early fusion. A conceptual framework for the evaluation of multi-direction stability of spinal fixation devices and guidelines for designing the necessary experiments are described.
Treatment of patients with eating disorders,third edition. American Psychiatric Association.

Source. Adapted and modified from La Via et al. (100). Note. In general, a given level of care should be considered for patients who meet one or more criteria under a particular level. These guidelines are not absolutes, however, and their application requires physician judgment. aThis level of care is most effective if administered for at least 8 hours/day, 5 days/week; less intensive care is demonstrably less effective (101). bIf the patient is dehydrated, whole-body potassium values may be low even if the serum potassium value is in the normal range; determine concurrent urine specific gravity to assess for dehydration. cDetermining suicide risk is a complex clinical judgment, as is determining the most appropriate treatment setting for patients at risk for suicide. Relevant factors to consider are the patient's concurrent medical conditions, psychosis, substance use, other psychiatric symptoms or syndromes, psychosocial supports, past suicidal behaviors, and treatment adherence and the quality of existing physician-patient relationships. These factors are described in greater detail in the APA's Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Suicidal Behaviors (84). dAlthough this table lists percentages of expected healthy body weight in relation to suggested levels of care, these are only approximations and do not correspond to percentages based on standardized values for the population as a whole. For any given individual, differences in body build, body composition, and other physiological variables may result in considerable differences as to what constitutes a healthy body weight in relation to "norms. " For example, for some patients, a healthy body weight may be 110% of the standardized value for the population, whereas for other individuals it may be 98%. Each individual's physiological differences must be assessed and appreciated. For children, also consider the rate of weight loss. Finally, weight level per se should never be used as the sole criterion for discharge from inpatient care. Many patients require inpatient admission at higher weights and should not be automatically discharged just because they have achieved a certain weight level unless all other factors are appropriately considered. See text for further discussion regarding weight. eIndividuals may experience these thoughts as consistent with their own deeply held beliefs (in which case they seem to be ego-syntonic and "overvalued") or as unwanted and ego-alien repetitive thoughts, consistent with classic obsessive-compulsive disorder phenomenology.
Cancer cell‐derived IL‐1α promotes HGF secretion by stromal cells and enhances metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer cells

Interleukin (IL)‐1α and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) play an important role in pancreatic cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate the cooperative role of HGF and IL‐1α in metastatic processes promoted by interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells.
Revisión de una enfermedad poco conocida: la ciguatera.

La ciguatera es uno de los padecimientos relacionados con la ingestion de toxinas marinas. Las toxinas son producidas por el dinoflagelo Gambierdiscus toxicus, que al ser consumido por pequenos peces herbivoros, viaja a traves de la cadena alimentaria hasta los grandes peces depredadores. De las varias toxinas presentes, la mejor conocida es la ciguatoxina que es estable al calor y a la congelacion. La ciguatoxina es un polieter, agonista de los canales de sodio. En el ultimo decenio se han consignado cientos de casos de ciguatera. Nosotros creemos que la incidencia de esta entidad esta en aumento en la peninsula de Yucatan, Mexico. El cuadro clinico se caracteriza por manifestaciones gastrointestinales, neurologicas y cardiovasculares y en este orden, tanto desde el punto de vista de su aparicion, en el tiempo, como por su severidad. Al inicio, uno de los principales problemas es la deshidratacion y choque producidos por la severa diarrea y los vomitos, por lo que la restitucion del equilibrio hidroelectrolitico es imperativa. La administracion de soluciones de manitol, por via intravenosa, constituye la principal indicacion dentro de las primeras 24 horas. Las manifestaciones neurologicas estan principalmente relacionadas con parestesias. La amitriptilina y la tocainida son efectivos en el tratamiento de las parestesias. La ciproheptadina es el tratamiento recomendado para el prurito y la fluoxetina se ha usado con exito como tratamiento de la fatiga cronica.
Synthesis of supervisory controls for discrete event systems

Summary form only given. The design of complex control systems often poses problems best captured by means of discrete event system models, such as state machines. Indeed, many complex control systems behave, at a suitable level of abstraction, like collections of interacting, asynchronous, event-driven subsystems. Over the last couple of decades, control scientists have therefore worked at developing comprehensive theories of the control of discrete event systems. One leading approach is supervisory control, founded by Ramadge and Wonham (1989). Like most control theory, supervisory control is aimed at synthesis of controllers from a formal model of the system to be controlled $the 'plant' - and formal requirements of the behavior of the controlled system - 'specifications. ' It therefore yields techniques for correct-by-construction design of systems that interact with a given 'environment'. The environment (or plant) is typically modelled as a finite state machine, while the requirements (or specifications) may be stated in terms of finite- or infinite-string formal-language inclusions, or the satisfaction of temporal logic or /spl mu/-calculus formulas. Monolithic (nonmodular) synthesis techniques typically amount to the evaluation of a fixpoint calculus formula over a finite transition system (Thistle, 1999). Unlike most mainstream control theory, supervisory control seeks to address issues of scale and complexity. It therefore studies useful structural assumptions that simplify synthesis algorithms, and examines modular synthesis procedures and decentralized and hierarchical architectures in Ramadge and Wonham (1989), Thistle (1996), Cassandras and Lafortune (1999), and Wonham. This paper provides a brief overview of supervisory control theory, emphasizing these key features and providing pointers to the literature.