Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wasserstein-Based Graph Alignment

A novel method for comparing non-aligned graphs of various sizes is proposed, based on the Wasserstein distance between graph signal distributions induced by the respective graph Laplacian matrices. Specifically, a new formulation for the one-to-many graph alignment problem is casted, which aims at matching a node in the smaller graph with one or more nodes in the larger graph. By incorporating optimal transport into our graph comparison framework, a structurally-meaningful graph distance, and a signal transportation plan that models the structure of graph data are generated. The resulting alignment problem is solved with stochastic gradient descent, where a novel Dykstra operator is used to ensure that the solution is a one-to-many (soft) assignment matrix. The performance of our novel framework is demonstrated on graph alignment, graph classification and graph signal transportation. Our method is shown to lead to significant improvements with respect to the state-of-the-art algorithms on each ofthese tasks.
LaserFlow: Efficient and Probabilistic Object Detection and Motion Forecasting

In this work, we present LaserFlow, an efficient method for 3D object detection and motion forecasting from LiDAR. Unlike the previous work, our approach utilizes the native range view representation of the LiDAR, which enables our method to operate at the full range of the sensor in real-time without voxelization or compression of the data. We propose a new multi-sweep fusion architecture, which extracts and merges temporal features directly from the range images. Furthermore, we propose a novel technique for learning a probability distribution over future trajectories inspired by curriculum learning. We evaluate LaserFlow on two autonomous driving datasets and demonstrate competitive results when compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods.
Concentration of posterior probabilities and normalized L0 criteria in regression.

We review and extend results on frequentist properties of Bayesian and $L_0$ model selection, with a focus on (potentially non-linear) high-dimensional regression. We portray how posterior probabilities and normalized $L_0$ criteria concentrate on the (Kullback-Leibler) optimal model and other subsets of the model space. We show that, when such concentration occurs, there are theoretical bounds on frequentist probabilities of selecting the correct model, type I and type II errors. The results hold in full generality, and help establish the validity of posterior probabilities and normalized $L_0$ criteria to quantify model choice uncertainty. Regarding regression, rather than proving consistency under a given formulation, we help understand how selection depends on the formulation's sparsity and on problem characteristics such as the sample size, signal-to-noise, problem dimension and true sparsity. We also prove new results related to misspecifying the mean or correlation structures, and give tighter rates for pMOM priors than currently available. Finally, we discuss that asymptotically optimal sparse formulations may significantly reduce power, unless $n$ or the signal are large enough, justifying the adoption of less sparse choices to improve power trade-offs. This issue is compounded by the fact misspecifying the mean structure causes an exponential drop in power. Our examples confirm these findings, warning against the use of asymptotic optimality as the only rule to judge the quality of model selection procedures.
Asymmetry between galaxies with different spin patterns: A comparison between COSMOS, SDSS, and Pan-STARRS

Abstract Previous observations of a large number of galaxies show differences between the photometry of spiral galaxies with clockwise spin patterns and spiral galaxies with counterclockwise spin patterns. In this study the mean magnitude of a large number of clockwise galaxies is compared to the mean magnitude of a large number of counterclockwise galaxies. The observed difference between clockwise and counterclockwise spiral galaxies imaged by the space-based COSMOS survey is compared to the differences between clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies imaged by the Earth-based SDSS and Pan-STARRS around the same field. The annotation of clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies is a fully automatic process that does not involve human intervention, and in all experiments both clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies are separated from the same fields. The comparison shows that the same asymmetry was identified by all three telescopes, providing strong evidence that the rotation direction of a spiral galaxy is linked to its luminosity as measured from Earth. Analysis of the luminosity difference using a large number of galaxies from different parts of the sky shows that the difference between clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies changes with the direction of observation, and oriented around an axis.
Interplay between finite topological rank minimal Cantor systems, $\mathcal S$-adic subshifts and their complexity

Minimal Cantor systems of finite topological rank (that can be represented by a Bratteli-Vershik diagram with a uniformly bounded number of vertices per level) are known to have dynamical rigidity properties. We establish that such systems, when they are expansive, define the same class of systems, up to topological conjugacy, as primitive and recognizable ${\mathcal S}$-adic subshifts. This is done establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for a minimal subshift to be of finite topological rank. As an application, we show that minimal subshifts with non-superlinear complexity (like all classical zero entropy examples) have finite topological rank. Conversely, we analyze the complexity of ${\mathcal S}$-adic subshifts and provide sufficient conditions for a finite topological rank subshift to have a non-superlinear complexity. This includes minimal Cantor systems given by Bratteli-Vershik representations whose tower levels have proportional heights and the so called left to right ${\mathcal S}$-adic subshifts. We also exhibit that finite topological rank does not imply non-superlinear complexity. In the particular case of topological rank 2 subshifts, we prove their complexity is always subquadratic along a subsequence and their automorphism group is trivial.
Echinococcus multilocularis vesicular fluid induces the expression of immune checkpoint proteins in vitro

Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe chronic helminthic infection that mimics a tumour‐like disease. This study aimed at investigating in vitro interactions between Echinococcus multilocularis vesicular fluid (VF) and different immune checkpoints (PD‐1/PD‐L1, CTLA‐4, LAG‐3 and TIM‐3).
Stunting and Wasting Among Indian Preschoolers have Moderate but Significant Associations with the Vegetarian Status of their Mothers

ABSTRACT Background India has high rates of child undernutrition and widespread lactovegetarianism. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine how nutrition outcomes varied among Indian preschool children in relation to the vegetarian status of their parents. Methods The 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey (NSS) were used to explore associations between parental vegetarian status and child stunting and wasting at ages 0–59 mo and anemia at ages 6–59 mo. In the NFHS, self-reports on usual consumption of foods were used to classify maternal diets, whereas in the NSS lactovegetarianism was defined at the household level. Results Compared with children of nonvegetarian mothers, children aged 24–59 mo of lactovegetarian mothers were 2.9 percentage points (95% CI: −4.0, −1.9) less likely to be stunted and children aged 6–23 mo were 1.6 points less likely to be wasted (95% CI: −3.0, −0.03), whereas children aged 6–23 mo with vegan mothers were 5.2 points more likely to be stunted (95% CI: 0.1, 9.4). When compared with nonvegetarian households, lactovegetarian households had better socioeconomic status and were more likely to consume dairy frequently. Children in nonvegetarian households consumed nondairy animal-sourced foods (ASFs) with relatively low frequency. The frequency of maternal dairy consumption was significantly associated with lower risks of child stunting and wasting. Conclusions Anthropometric outcomes differed by maternal vegetarian status, which is itself strongly associated with socioeconomic position, location, religion, and caste.
Manipulation of ZDS in tomato exposes carotenoid‐ and ABA‐specific effects on fruit development and ripening

Summary Spontaneous mutations in fruit‐specific carotenoid biosynthetic genes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) have led to improved understanding of ripening‐associated carotenogenesis. Here, we confirm that ZDS is encoded by a single gene in tomato transcriptionally regulated by ripening transcription factors RIN, NOR and ethylene. Manipulation of ZDS was achieved through transgenic repression and heterologous over‐expression in tomato. CaMV 35S‐driven RNAi repression inhibited carotenoid biosynthesis in all aerial tissues examined resulting in elevated levels of ζ‐carotene isomers and upstream carotenoids, while downstream all trans‐lycopene and subsequent photoprotective carotenes and xanthophylls were diminished. Consequently, immature fruit displayed photo‐bleaching consistent with reduced levels of the photoprotective carotenes and developmental phenotypes related to a reduction in the carotenoid‐derived phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ZDS‐repressed ripe fruit was devoid of the characteristic red carotenoid, all trans‐lycopene and displayed brilliant yellow pigmentation due to elevated 9,9′ di‐cis‐ζ‐carotene. Over‐expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana ZDS (AtZDS) gene bypassed endogenous co‐suppression and revealed ZDS as an additional bottleneck in ripening‐associated carotenogenesis of tomato. Quantitation of carotenoids in addition to multiple ripening parameters in ZDS‐altered lines and ABA‐deficient fruit‐specific carotenoid mutants was used to separate phenotypic consequences of ABA from other effects of ZDS manipulation and reveal a unique and dynamic ζ‐carotene isomer profile in ripe fruit.
MER Proto‐Oncogene Tyrosine Kinase: A Novel Potential Target to Treat Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Fibrosis

A recent elegant study by Cai et al. (1) entitled "Macrophage MerTK Promotes Liver Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis" uncovered a novel potential therapeutic target to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fibrosis. It is reported that the rs4374383 G>A variant of the MerTK gene is associated with reduced MerTK mRNA expression in livers (2). Importantly, NASH patients carrying this variant appear to be more resistant to developing fibrosis compared with those harboring the major G allele (2). However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Cai et al. reported that the MerTK signaling in hepatic macrophages resulted in TGFβ1 production and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, thereby promoting disease progression from steatosis to NASH fibrosis. Interestingly, the data suggest that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced ADAM17-mediated MerTK cleavage plays a critical role in regulating the levels of MerTK receptor on macrophages and that this pathway is impaired in NASH fibrosis.
Revisit of test‐then‐pool methods and some practical considerations

Test‐then‐pool is a simple statistical method that borrows historical information to improve efficiency of the drug development process. The original test‐then‐pool method examines the difference between the historical and current information and then pools the information if there is no significant difference. One drawback of this method is that a nonsignificant difference may not always imply consistency between the historical and current information. As a result, the original test‐then‐pool method is more likely to incorrectly borrow information from the historical control when the current trial has a small sample size. Statistically, it is more natural to use an equivalence test for examining the consistency. This manuscript develops an equivalence‐based test‐then‐pool method for a continuous endpoint, explains the relationship between the two test‐then‐pool methods, explores the choice of an equivalence margin through the overlap probability, and proposes an adjustment to the nominal testing level for controlling type I error under the true consistency scenario. Furthermore, the analytical forms of the type I error and power for the two test‐then‐pool methods are derived, and practical considerations for using them are presented.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight / Obese Patients and Diabetics

Dietary measures are a constituent part in the treatment and / or prevention of overweight / obesity and diabetes and its associated cardiovascular diseases. By means of a meta-analysis, two different dietary approaches (diets with a high amount of monounsaturated fatty acids - High-MUFA - and low fat diets [LF]) were compared with respect to their effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular disorders. Only randomized controlled intervention trials with a running time of at least six weeks and performed between January 2000 and November 2010 were included. Primary search in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Trial Register) yielded 15 trials which met the inclusion criteria. All studies were conducted in adult volunteers with either a mean or a median body mass index above 25 kg / m 2 . We found significant differences favoring diets high on monounsaturated fatty acids comparing with low fat diets regarding their outcome on cardiovascular related biomarkers like triacylglycerols (-11.18 mg / dl [-21.57; -0.79] p = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (−0.82 mm Hg [−1.63; −0.02] p = 0.05). Taken together, this meta-analysis demonstrates that High-MUFA diets may exert a beneficial effect on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease that is more pronounced than the respective impact of LF diets. Although long-term studies are necessary to confirm these data, public health authorities should not categorically discriminate High-MUFA diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Concordancia de lectura de test de ejercicio cardiopulmonar integrado utilizando un protocolo estándar en una población con antecedente de trauma de guerra

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing assesses exercise tolerance and provides a comprehensive evaluation of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and muscular systems. It is useful in the differential diagnosis of specific cardiopulmonary alterations versus psychological disorders or malingering. However, different interpretations can arise.Objective: to assess the degree of interobserver concordance in the interpretation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing by using K. Wasserman's algorithm in a population of young patients wounded in combat.Materials and methods: a study of concordance in the interpretation of 33 cardiopulmonary exercise tests by three observers and two computerized programs. In the first place, the analysis was done between the results of each observation with the final diagnosis given by a consensus of the observers. Secondly, an interobserver analysis was done with the different diagnoses that can be reached by way of the kappa coefficient. A p<0,05 value was considered to be statistically significant.Results: the best correlations between the observers and the final diagnosis were observed under the categories "normal" and "abnormal", kappa strength of agreement from weak to good (0,2725 - 0,6959 with p<0,05). Kappa values diminished with more specific diagnoses. The best interobserver concordance was found when comparing specific diagnoses, with higher kappa coefficients for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases.Conclusion: the diagnostic algorithm used for interpreting cardiopulmonary exercise testing has low overall concordance coefficients for this population. As a consequence, this population requires adequate focusing by way of a clinical history with validated diagnostic algorithms that can be complemented with specific computer programs.
CAMELYON17 CHALLENGE: RESULTS FROM 4TH-IR

This paper serves as a compendium to the CAMELYON17 competition results for the 4 th -IR team. We utilized the VGG-16 convolutional neural network to analyze digital pathology images of stained breast lymph-node biopsies for cancerous cells. Geometric features were extracted from tumor regions and used to train a Random Forest Classiﬁer for whole-slide image diagnoses. These were then aggregated to determine full-patient stage diagnoses. Our analysis found 20 pN0, 1 pN0(i+), 28 pN1mi, 21 pN1, and 30 pN2 patients out of the 100 in the test data set.
High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis

Background The relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) remains unclear. This study assessed whether high NLR is associated with HT in this population. Methods Data were prospectively collected for continuous patients with AIS treated with IVT and retrospectively analyzed. Clinical variables included age, sex, vascular risk factors, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, onset-to-treatment time, and initial hematologic and neuroimaging findings. HT was confirmed by imaging performed within 3 days after IVT. Symptomatic HT (sHT) was defined as NIHSS score increased by 4 points compared with that on admission according to previously published criteria. The NLR value was based on the blood examination before IVT, and high NLR was defined as ≥75th percentile. Results The study included 285 patients (201 (70.5%) males, the mean age was 62.3 years (range 29–89)). Seventy-two (25.3%) patients presented with HT, including three (1.1%) with sHT. The median NLR was 2.700 (1.820–4.255, interquartile range). Seventy-one (24.9%) patients had a high NLR (≥4.255) on admission. Univariate analysis indicated that patients with HT had higher NIHSS scores (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP), platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and NLR ( Conclusions High NLR could be a useful marker for predicting HT in AIS patients after IVT.
Psychometric and Epidemiologic Implications

Objective: To evaluate the impact of changing the response labels of a teacher rating scale in a population-based study of ADHD. Method: For parents, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, which asks whether each of 18 symptoms occurred “often” in the past year, was used. For teachers, most scales use a 4-point scale, with often and very often as the two highest categories. To make the two instruments more compatible, the authors created a teacher rating scale with often as the highest category. Teachers rated more than 6,000 elementary school students using this instrument. Some teachers completed ratings using both questionnaire formats. Results: The scale’s internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability are excellent. The factor structure is consistent with established DSM-IV-based instruments. Response category choices influence the proportion of children exceeding symptom and impairment thresholds. Conclusion: Altering the response scale does not degrade the psychometric properties of the instrument but makes important differences in the sample. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007; 11(3) 384-397)
Chinese Compound Noun Phrases Semantic Relations Knowledge Base Construction and Auto Recognition

(1.北京语言大学 信息科学学院,北京 100083) 摘 要:汉语复合名词短语因其使用范围广泛、结构独特、内部语义复杂的特点,一直是语言学分析和中文信息处理领域的 重要研究对象。 国内关于复合名词短语的语言资源极其匮乏,且现有知识库只研究名名复合形式的短语,包含动词的复合名词短 语的知识库构建仍处于空白阶段,同时现有的复合名词短语知识库大部分脱离了语境,没有句子级别的信息。 针对这一现状,该 文从多个领域搜集语料,建立了一套新的语义关系体系,标注构建了一个具有相当规模的带有句子信息的复合名词语义关系知识 库。 该库的标注重点是标注句子中复合名词短语的边界以及短语内部成分之间的语义关系,总共收录 27007 条句子。 该文对标注 后的知识库做了详细的计量统计分析。 最后基于标注得到的知识库,该文使用基线模型对复合名词短语进行了自动定界和语义分 类实验,并对实验结果和未来可能的改进方向做了总结分析。 关键词:汉语复合名词短语;语义关系体系;定界识别 中图分类号:TP391 文献标识码:A
Offshoring : Drivers and Factors in Swedish Manufacturing Companies

3 Abstract The purpose of this study is to increase understanding about critical factors Swedish manufacturing companies need to consider when offshoring. The study is based on two research questions. The first question is to investigate and understand why Swedish manufacturing companies offshore their facilities. The second research question aims to understand the critical factors companies need to consider when moving abroad. Case study and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. These case studies took place in seven different Swedish manufacturing companies which have offshored their facilities outside of Sweden. A cross-case analysis is done in order compare all seven companies with factors they considered when moving abroad. Then, this cross-case analysis is compared with the literature review. Comparing theoretical and empirical data results in finding the gap. The findings imply that most of the Swedish manufacturing companies moved abroad because of cost reasons. The most reasonable choice for companies in order to be more competitive was to move abroad. According to the literature is cost saving the biggest driver why companies decide to offshore their facilities. Furthermore, in order to have a successful offshoring it is important to consider several factors. Factors that have been considered by seven Swedish manufacturing companies differ but the main factors all seven companies considered before moving abroad are work competence, cost of production and lead time. Finally, the study provided valuable insight on real elements considered by Swedish companies when offshoring and which contributed with findings that compare and understand the relation between theoretical and empirical factors. The study results could be used as base for further investigations, especially in the gaps in theoretical review.