Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Streamlining the Process of 3D Printing a Brain From a Structural MRI

Currently, the process of obtaining a 3D model from a structural MRI requires specialized knowlege and skills. This is not due to the fundamental difficulty and complexity of the process, but is a result of the fact that the neccessary tools were developed for and by neuroimaging researchers. This project describes a publically available utility implemented as a Docker image that takes a structural MRI as input, and gives files for 3D printing as output, along with a rendered image of the surface.
Effects of Disinfectants on Shiga-Like Toxin Converting Phage from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

Inactivation of free phage carrying slt2 from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 : H7 by four kinds of common disinfectants in Japan was examined under conditions with (dirty) and without (clean) interfering substance. Ethanol (EtOH) inactivated the phage within one minute under both conditions. The effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on this phage decreased under the dirty condition, but was potentiated by increasing the concentration and contact time to the degree that could be sufficient for practical use. Use of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) at a high concentration: 0.2%, would be effective. Alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride (DAG) was not effective on this phage.
The challenges of the Canary Islands' wine sector and its implications: A longitudinal study.

News and reports acknowledge the challenges that Spanish wine regions are facing, including the Canary Is- lands, where wine designations of origin (DOs) have existed for less than two decades. The present study extends from preliminary research conducted on the islands' wine industry to delve into the developments that continue to unfold in the archipelago's wine sector. Winery owners, wine makers and managers of 55 wineries located in the six wine producing islands participated in face-to-face and telephone interviews. The general view among participants is of serious concern, and there appear to be very few short-term solutions for current challenges. Different implications are drawn from the findings, including those concerning the future of the local wine sector, its wine culture, and tradition.
Generalised Weyl theorems and spectral pollution in the Galerkin method

We consider a general framework for investigating spectral pollution in the Galerkin method. We show how this phenomenon is characterised via the existence of particular Weyl sequences which are singular in a suitable sense. For a semi-bounded selfadjoint operator A we identify relative compactness conditions on a selfadjoint perturbation B ensuring that the limiting set of spectral pollution of A and B coincide. Our results show that, under perturbation, this limiting set behaves in a similar fashion as the essential spectrum.
LEGUMES SPROUTS AS VEHICLES FOR LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS – OPTIMIZATION OF SYNBIOTIC PREPARATION

The study evaluated legume sprouts as carriers for Lactobacillus acidophilus. Survival and/or growth of probiotics were strongly determined by germination temperature, methods of inoculation, and legume species. Compared to the initial population, an increase in the number of the probiotics was only determined in lentil and soy-bean sprouts. In lentil sprouts, growth of the probiotic microorganism was only detected in sprouts obtained from seeds imbibed in inoculums and further cultivated at 35°C (7.1× 106 CFU/ g f.m.). The number of L. acidophilus determined in soy-bean sprouts was higher 1.07 × 107 CFU/ g f.m (25°C), 1.66 × 107 CFU/ g f.m (30°C), and 1.44 × 107 CFU/ g f.m (35°C). Soy-bean seeds were the best material for production of synbiotics (ensuring both probiotic growth and biomass accumulation). The number of probiotic microorganisms determined in the commonly consumed portions (about 10 g) classifies the obtained sprouts as probiotic functional food.
The Myth of the Angry Voters: Parliamentary Election in Slovak Republic

Abstract The recent parliamentary elections which took place in The Slovak Republic in March 2016 opened for many national and international commentators the bottled of demons from the past history of Slovakia. For the first time a Far right extremist political party entered into parliament and held seats there. They gained more than some standard political parties and also were not dubbed as the “black” horse of this election. As they were not measured by public opinion. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the fundamental purpose of voters that had elected this political party and on the other hand the main reason that has opened the parliamentary door to such a political entity that was not visible in the previous electoral periods or played any important role in the independence of Slovak republic. Our main assumption will be that which is taken from the media analysis before the parliamentary election and public opinion research. Our main variable from the external environment will be the migration refugee crisis and the rhetoric of political parties acting at national level. We can assume that this was one of the main reason for the entry of this political party within others which were “hidden” or covered by this crisis and were not mediatized in the media.
Aspects of Quantum Fields and Strings on AdS Black Holes

The AdS/CFT correspondence is currently one of the most actively studied topics in theoretical high energy physics. The correspondence is a conjecture about the equivalence of string theory on an asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime and a lower-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) on the boundary of AdS. This kind of equivalence could help us to deepen our understanding of many aspects of the two strikingly different theories. In particular, the correspondence could shed light on the quantum physics of black holes. This thesis focuses on two themes concerning the AdS black holes. In the first part, we address semiclassical features of black holes in the AdS spacetimes. We consider different approaches to Hawking radiation, and aspects of black hole thermodynamics. In the latter part of the thesis we study the spectrum of bosonic string theory on the (2 + 1)-dimensional AdS black hole (the BTZ black hole). Strings on the BTZ black hole are described by a Wess–Zumino–Witten model on a quotient of the SL(2,R) group manifold. The corresponding SL(2,R) Lie algebra is given in the so-called hyperbolic basis. The SL(2,R) WZW model has a symmetry known as the spectral flow which relates string states with different winding numbers. Maldacena and Ooguri have shown recently how the spectral flow solves the problem with the unphysical states that appear in the spectrum of the SL(2,R) WZW model. We show how to implement the spectral flow in the hyperbolic basis. Finally, we discuss the spectral flow in the context of a free field realization of the SL(2,R) current algebra.
eulerr: Area-Proportional Euler Diagrams with Ellipses

Euler diagrams are common and intuitive visualizations for data involving sets and relationships thereof. Compared to Venn diagrams, Euler diagrams do not require all set relationships to be present and may therefore be area-proportional also with subset or disjoint relationships in the input. Most Euler diagrams use circles, but circles do not always support accurate diagrams. A promising alternative for Euler diagrams is ellipses, which enable accurate diagrams for a wider range of set combinations. Ellipses, however, have not yet been implemented for more than three sets or three-set diagrams where there are disjoint or subset relationships. The aim of this thesis is to present a method and software for elliptical Euler diagrams for any number of sets. In this thesis, we provide and outline an R-based implementation called eulerr. It fits Euler diagrams using numerical optimization and exact-area algorithms through two steps: first, an initial layout is formed using the sets' pairwise relationships; second, this layout is finalized taking all the sets' intersections into account. Finally, we compare eulerr with other software implementations of Euler diagrams and show that the package is overall both more consistent and accurate as well as faster for up to seven sets compared to the other R-packages. eulerr perfectly reproduces samples of circular Euler diagrams as well as three-set diagrams with ellipses, but performs suboptimally with elliptical diagrams of more than three sets. eulerr also outperforms the other software tested in this thesis in fitting Euler diagrams to set configurations that might lack exact solutions provided that we use ellipses; eulerr's circular diagrams, meanwhile, fit better on all accounts save for the diagError metric in the case of three-set diagrams.
Effect of sintering temperature on the superconducting properties of graphene doped MgB 2

A comprehensive study on the effects of sintering temperature on graphene-doped MgB2 superconductor was conducted. Graphene has emerged as an effective dopant that is capable of improving the critical current density ( J-{\rm c}) and flux pinning at a very low doping level, with only a slight reduction of the critical temperature (T-{\rm c}). MgB2 undoped and graphene-doped bulk samples were prepared by the in situ method and sintered within a temperature range from 650 to 950 {\circ}\hbox{C}. It is surprising to note that at the doping level of 1 at. % the sample sintered at 850 {\circ}\hbox{C} shows a J\rm c of 5.6 \times 10{3}\ \hbox{A/cm} 2, which is nearly two times higher than that of the undoped sample, with a slight reduction in T\rm c of 0.5 K. The effects of the sintering temperature on the lattice parameters, resistivity, grain to grain connectivity, lattice disorder, and critical fields have also been investigated. The results are compared with those for undoped samples subjected to the same sintering conditions, and the origins of the differences in the critical current density are discussed. 2002-2011 IEEE.
Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: History, Rates, and Consequences

Abstract: Brazil's Amazon forest remained largely intact until the “modern” era of deforestation began with the inauguration of the Transamazon Highway in 1970. Amazonian deforestation rates have trended upward since 1991, with clearing proceeding at a variable but rapid pace. Although Amazonian forests are cut for various reasons, cattle ranching predominates. The large and medium‐sized ranches account for about 70% of clearing activity. Profit from beef cattle is only one of the income sources that make deforestation profitable. Forest degradation results from logging, ground fires (facilitated by logging), and the effects of fragmentation and edge formation. Degradation contributes to forest loss. The impacts of deforestation include loss of biodiversity, reduced water cycling (and rainfall), and contributions to global warming. Strategies to slow deforestation include repression through licensing procedures, monitoring, and fines. The severity of penalties for deforestation needs to be sufficient to deter illegal clearing but not so great as to be unenforceable. Policy reform is also needed to address root causes of deforestation, including the role of clearing in establishing land claims.
A Needs Assessment Of Factory Workers In India For Health Promotion Programs

Background: India has a very high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. This burden can be reduced more cost effectively over the long term by focusing on preventative measures and lifestyle modifications initiated from the worksite. The Employee State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) is government operated and the largest health insurance company in India and covers medical costs for lower income factory workers who make less than Rs.10,000/month (about $200 per month). The purpose of this study was to conduct a need assessment related to health and worksite health promotion opportunities for workers in India covered by ESIC. Methods : One worksite in India covered by the ESIC was visited and 25 male workers were evaluated. Workers completed a quantitative survey and were interviewed via 15-20 minute semi-structured, one-on-one sessions. Results: On average, men were middle aged (mean: 39.6 years), and mostly married (88%) with children. Workers missed on average 5.3 (median: 9.8) workdays in the past year due to health issues. Regarding lifestyle habits, 48% used tobacco, 56% ate fried foods at least 3 times/week and 32% engaged in physical activities less or equal to 1-2 times per week. Most were satisfied with worksite conditions, although there was concern regarding tobacco use inside the worksite even though it was banned. There was significant interest in participating in health promotion programs. About 50% were interested in biometric measurements for heart disease, but significantly more were interested in educational seminars (80%; χ=25.79, p=0.05). Significant logistical challenges were identified to facilitate participation of their wives and children in health promotion activities. Discussion:Family health and costs were a major concern for this middle aged, low income working population. Their high level of interest in participating in health promotion activities showed recognition of health risks and an opportunity for health promotion.
Indoor Navigation for Visually Impaired / Blind People Using Smart Cane and Mobile Phone: Experimental Work

This paper suggests a navigation structure for visually impaired/blind people. The proposed structure is consisted of builder simulator, smart phone with built-in compass and cane. The aim is to guide visually impaired/blind people from a required location to a desired location. Multi tests are run where modeled in C sharp and java languages and MATLAB program using A* algorithm. Experimental results show good performance for the proposed scheme that the visually impaired/blind people reach the desired location successfully without error. In conclusion, A* path finding algorithm using C sharp language for builder simulator, and java language for smart phone, were valid and reliable methods to guide the visually impaired / blind people from a required location to a desired location in indoor environment with or without obstacles. Keywords: Smart phone, built in compass, cane, planning the path, avoidance obstacles, visually impaired/blind people, A* algorithm, path finding, and indoor navigation
Antinociceptive Properties of Dichloromethane:Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Caesalpinia volkensii and Maytenus obscura in Animal Models

The purpose of physiological pain is protection. Pain is associated with high morbidity and socioeconomic burden. Conventional medication of pain is expensive and arguably associated with various severe adverse effects hence the need to develop herbal agents that are effective as alternative. This study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive of C. volkensii and M. obscura growing in Embu County, Kenya. Experimental animals were divided into four groups; normal group, diseased negative control group, diseased reference group and diseased experimental groups. Pain was induced into rats using formalin. The experimental groups were treated with leaf extracts of the plants at dose levels of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg. Anti-nociceptive activities in rats were compared with diclofenac (15 mg/kg) as the standard conventional drug. In antinociceptive study, the leaf extract C. volkensii reduced pain by between 6.82-15.24% only in the early phase while the leaf extracts of M. obscura reduced pain by between 12.39-34.81% (in the early phase) and between 6.4-12.4% (in the late phase). Diclofenac reduced pain by between 7.58-9.66% (in the early phase) and by 69.87% in the late phase. Further, the phytochemical screening results showed that the extracts of C. volkensii had flavonoids, steroids and phenolics while the leaf extracts M. obscura had phenolics, terpenoids and saponins. flavonoids. Therefore, the study has established that the DCM: methanolic leaf extracts of Caesalpinia volkensii and Maytenus obscura are effective in management of pain.
What Do Women Want: Factors Affecting Female Libido Human Andrology Factors Affecting Female Libido

Back ground: Information about female sexuality is limited in Egypt and many other Islamic countries due to traditions. The current study is an effort to evaluate some aspects of libido in women in order to shed some light on this ignored item in this area of the world. Participants and Methods: A self-report questionnaire was given to 200 women attending the andrology and gynecology outpatient clinics, Benha University, Egypt. The questionnaire covered demographic data and some factors that may affect female libido.Results: Most women reported no change in libido related to menstruation timing, obesity, menopause, diabetes or use of hormonal contraceptives. Pregnancy had a negative effect on libido. Stress either in work or within the family or with husband resulted in a decrease in libido. Sea foods followed by eggs were the most commonly reported foods producing an increase in libido (93.7%, 71%). On the other hand, liquorice followed by garlic were the most common types of foods that produced a decrease in libido (85.7%, 64.9%). Almost 70% of genitally cut women reported either a medium or a high libido.Conclusion: Libido in most studied women seems to be negatively affected by pregnancy but bot by menstruation or hormonal contraceptive agents. The effect of food needs further study.
NLSDF FOR BOOSTING THE RECITAL OF WEB SPAMDEXING CLASSIFICATION

Spamdexing is the art of black hat SEO. Features which are more influential for high rank and visibility are manipulated for the SEO task. The motivation behind the work is utilizing the state of the art Website optimization features to enhance the performance of spamdexing detection. Features which play a focal role in current SEO strategies show a significant deviation for spam and non-spam samples. This paper proposes 44 features named as NLSDF (New Link Spamdexing Detection Features). Social media creates an impact in search engine results ranking. Features pertaining to the social media were incorporated with the NLSDF features to boost the recital of the spamdexing classification. The NLSDF features with 44 attributes along with 5 social media features boost the classification performance of the WEBSPAM-UK 2007 dataset. The one tailed paired t-test with 95% confidence, performed on the AUC values of the learning models shows significance of the NLSDF.
Mathematical model of colonization process of mycorrhizal plants: effect of interaction between plants with fungi

Abstract In interspecific mutualisms, the interacting species generally disperse independently, by which the colonization must be restricted by the reassociation between them. We theoretically analyzed colonization process of mycorrhizal plant in a novel habitat, focusing on the probability of colony establishment under environmental fluctuation. The process is a joint process of two sub-processes before and after the association between the plant and the mycorrhizal fungi. Properties of whole system are influenced by five parameters, means and variances of colony growth rates of two sub-systems, and a reassociation rate. Our analysis revealed that (1) the mean colony growth rates of the host alone and the symbiotic association affect establishment probability in different ways, and (2) a trade-off between the mean colony growth rates of the host alone and the symbiotic association could result in the evolution of either a symbiotic or parasitic relationship, based on a host decision.
The Association Between Clinical Frailty and Walking Speed in Older Hospitalised Medical Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study

Introduction This study aims to further evaluate the use of the clinical frailty scale (CFS) by assessing its correlation with usual walking speed (UWS) in older medical inpatients. Methods Retrospective observational study in an English tertiary university hospital. We analysed all admission episodes of people admitted to the Department of Medicine for the Elderly wards during a 3-month period. We excluded those who died or had a CFS score of 9, indicating terminal illness. The CFS was recorded on admission and 6 meter UWS was measured on the day of hospital discharge. Other variables collected were: age, sex, the four item version of the Abbreviated Metal Test (AMT4), and the Emergency Department Modified Early Warning Score. Results There were 1022 patients admitted over the study period, of which 741 met inclusion criteria and had both CFS and walking speed data available. 570 were able to mobilise at least 6 meters. The median UWS was 0.33 (0.21 – 0.50) m/s. Logistic ordinal regression showed that lower CFS, being male and higher score in the AMT4 were associated with higher odds of being in a higher walking speed category (odds ratio for CFS after covariable adjustment: 0.57 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.65). Conclusions We observed a strong association between higher admission CFS and lower discharge UWS. This association was not explained by variation in age, sex, presence of cognitive impairment or illness acuity and provides further evidence that the CFS maybe a valid measure of frailty in acute clinical settings.
Alterações fisiológicas e morfológicas de duas cultivares de arroz irrigado após aplicação do herbicida imazamox na fase reprodutiva

Thesis Doctorate Graduate Program in Agronomy Universidade Federal de Santa Maria PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF TWO RICE CULTIVARS AFTER IMAZAMOX HERBICIDE APPLICATION IN REPRODUCTIVE PHASE AUTHOR: BIBIANA SILVEIRA MORAES ADVISOR: FERNANDO TEIXEIRA NICOLOSO Santa Maria, RS, January 01, 2013 Weed control is one of the main agricultural practices indispensable to ensure profitability and crop success. In paddy rice field, red rice is the most important weed due to its difficult control. A widespread control method is the use of rice cultivars resistant to herbicides which are inhibitors of ALS, since it is possible to have a selective chemical control. Studies showed that the late control with imazamox promotes efficient control of red rice escapes. Thus, the objective of this research was to check the effects of imazamox application in the reproductive phase of two rice cultivars that differ in the level of resistance to imidazolinones. Two studies were carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria in the years of 2009/10 and 2010/11. Imazamox was applied in different stadium of development and doses. At the end of the application the final dose was 80 g a.i ha for all treatments. Results showed that independent of the date of the imazamox application in the reproductive phase of rice, the grain yield reduced and spikelet sterility of IRGA 422 CL increased. In general, the parameters 1000-grain weight, flag leaf length, panicule length, fresh and dry weight of panicles, and panicles per m showed a reduction in practically all imazamox treatments in the IRGA 422 CL cultivar. Changes in the biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, carotenoids, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were observed in leaves and panicles from main culm in some treatments, demonstrating that the oxidative stress promoted by imazamox may have contributed to grain yield reduction and the high percentage of sterile spikelet from IRGA 422 CL cultivar. Morphologic and anatomical changes showed that imazamox application in the panicle differentiation promoted similar changes to homeotic changes observed in rice mutant. Moreover, in the other treatments different morphologic and anatomical changes were observed. Therefore, morphologic and anatomical changes were likely to be responsible for grain yield reduction and high percentage of spikelet sterile from IRGA 422 CL.