Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N-gram Based Text Categorization Method for Improved Data Mining

Though naive Bayes text classifiers are widely used because of its simplicity and effectiveness, the techniques for improving performances of these classifiers have been rarely studied. Naive Bayes classifiers which are widely used for text classification in machine learning are based on the conditional probability of features belonging to a class, which the features are selected by feature selection methods. However, its performance is often imperfect because it does not model text well, and by inappropriate feature selection and some disadvantages of the Naive Bayes itself. Sentiment Classification or Text Classification is the act of taking a set of labeled text documents, learning a correlation between a document’s contents and its corresponding labels and then predicting the labels of a set of unlabeled test documents as best as possible. Text Classification is also sometimes called Text Categorization. Text classification has many applications in natural language processing tasks such as E-mail filtering, Intrusion detection systems, news filtering, prediction of user preferences, and organization of documents. The Naive Bayes model makes strong assumptions about the data: it assumes that words in a document are independent. This assumption is clearly violated in natural language text: there are various types of dependences between words induced by the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and conversational structure of a text. Also, the particular form of the probabilistic model makes assumptions about the distribution of words in documents that are violated in practice. We address this problem and show that it can be solved by modeling text data differently using N-Grams. N-gram Based Text Categorization is a simple method based on statistical information about the usage of sequences of words. We conducted an experiment to demonstrate that our simple modification is able to improve the performance of Naive Bayes for text classification significantly. Keywords: Data Mining, Text Classification, Text Categorization, Naive Bayes, N-Grams
Effects of Pleurotus sapidus (Schulzer) Sacc. treatment on nutrient composition and ruminal fermentability of barley straw, barley rootless, and a mixture of the two

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and its derivatives, ranks fourth in cereal production worldwide, and the Pleurotus species are among the most efficient types of lignocellulolytic white-rot fungi. The objective of this research study was to evaluate the degradation of barley straw and barley rootless with an inoculum of Pleurotus to improve their nutritional availability as a food source for ruminants. Two experiments were conducted; the first was to determine the effects of inoculation of Pleurotus sapidus (Schulzer) Sacc. (PS) in barley straw (BS), barley rootless (BR), and a 75% BS and 25% BR mixture (M). The second experiment was to evaluate the same substrates in vitro ruminal fermentation. Barley rootless had better organic matter (OM) degradability than BS after 24 h incubation with PS. The protein content in BR was higher than in BS (P < 0.01). Enzyme activities had the highest concentration from the start of fermentation, and in vitro dry matter (DM) degradability in BS and BR increased after 8 and 24 d fermentation, respectively (P < 0.05). Propionic acid concentration was enhanced after 16 d fermentation in BR (P < 0.5). The use of BS combined with BR exhibited better fermentation; this result provides relevant information for integrating BR with other substrates and improving the use of straw, which can be more nutritionally available for feeding ruminants.
Auto-calibration System Developed to Assimilate AMSR-E Data into a Land Surface Model for Estimating Soil Moisture and the Surface Energy Budget( Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period(CEOP))

Low-frequency microwave brightness temperature is strongly affected by near-surface soil moisture; therefore, it can be assimilated into a land surface model to improve modeling of soil moisture and the surface energy budget. This study presents a new variational land system used to assimilate AMSR-E brightness temperature of vertical polarization of 6.9 GHz and 18.7 GHz. The system consists of a land surface model (LSM) used to calculate surface fluxes and soil moisture, a radiative transfer model (RTM) to estimate the microwave brightness temperature, and an optimization scheme to search for optimal values of soil moisture by minimizing the difference between modeled and observed brightness temperature. The LSM is an improved simple biosphere model for sparse vegetation modeling and the RTM is a Q-h model that can account for the effects of surface roughness and vegetation. Several parameters in the LSM and RTM can significantly affect the outputs of the land data assimilation system but their values are either highly variable or unavailable. To solve this problem, we developed a dual-pass assim
An Improved Contact Algorithm for the Material Point Method and Application to Stress Propagation in Granular Material

Contact between deformable bodies is a dif- cult problem in the analysis of engineering systems. A new approach to contact has been implemented us- ing the Material Point Method for solid mechanics, Bar- denhagen, Brackbill, and Sulsky (2000a). Here two im- provements to the algorithm are described. The rst is to include the normal traction in the contact logic to more appropriately determine the free separation crite- rion. The second is to provide numerical stability by scaling the contact impulse when computational grid in- formation is suspect, a condition which can be expected to occur occasionally as material bodies move through the computational grid. The modications described preserve important properties of the original algorithm, namely conservation of momentum, and the use of global quantities which obviate the need for neighbor searches and result in the computational cost scaling linearly with the number of contacting bodies. The algorithm is demonstrated on several examples. Deformable body so- lutions compare favorably with several problems which, for rigid bodies, have analytical solutions. A much more demanding simulation of stress propagation through ide- alized granular material, for which high delity data has been obtained, is examined in detail. Excellent quali- tative agreement is found for a variety of contact con- ditions. Important material parameters needed for more quantitative comparisons are identied.
Optimizing biologic therapy in rheumatology: frequency and characteristics from an argentine referral centre

Background: Treatment strategy after achieving sustained remission in rheumatic conditions remains uncertain. Objetives: to evaluate biologic therapy treatment doses and intervals in rheumatic patients in daily practice. Methods: An observational study including consecutive patients receiving biologic treatment was carried out. Treating physicians determined whether to continue with standard or reduce dose of biologic drugs, considered as a reduction in dose or increased dosing intervals. Sociodemographic, biologic and concomitant treatments, laboratory test and clinimetric data were recorded. Descriptive analysis, variables are described as frequencies, means and medians. In the Rheumatoid Arthritis population, categorical variables were compared using Chi2, and variables with a p≤0.2 were included in multiple logistic regression models, considering dose reduction as the dependent variable. Results: 186 patients were included, 73.1% with Rheumatoid Arthritis, 10.8% Psoriatic Arthritis, 3.8% Ankylosing Spondylitis, 1.1% Lupus and 11.3% with other conditions. Of the total population, 24.7% received reduced dose of biologic therapy. Mean DAS28 of Rheumatoid Arthritis patients was 3.85 (SD 1.32), HAQ 1.1 (SD 0.7), and 35.8% had low disease activity (LDA)/ remission according to DAS28 criteria. 23.4% of Rheumatoid Arthritis patients received reduced dose, more frequently sustaining LDA/remission according to DAS28 compared to standard dose patients (54.9 vs. 28.6% p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association with LDA/remission (OR 3.65 (IQR: 1.6-8.3) p=0.0010), and with negative Anti Citrullinated Proteins Antibodies [OR 0.1099 (IC: 0.04-0.27) p<0.0001]. Conclusion: 24.7% of this cohort received reduced dose of biologic treatment as well as 23.4% of Rheumatoid Arthritis patients, being found to be associated with lower disease activity and negative Anti Citrullinated Proteins Antibodies.
Current Thoracic Surgery

Chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) is a progressive, irreversible and debilitating disease causing lung hyperinflation. Apart from smoking cessation and conventional medical treatment, lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been used for several years but it involves a major thoracic surgery with high incidence of postoperative complications. In the past decade, different approaches of minimally invasive endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) have been developed which differ in indication, mechanism of action, reversibility and are divided into two groups: blocking and non-blocking devices. The endobronchial valves belong to the group of blocking devices available and have the largest series of treated patients. These one way valves are used to occlude the most emphysematous and hence destroyed lobe of the lung. Two different types of valves are available on the market: endobronchial valves (EBV, Zephyr valves) and intrabronchial valves (IBV, Spiration valves). They differ in shape but have a similar mechanism of action. In order to improve the outcome of the ELVR using valves, dedicated screening involving pulmonary function and exercise capacity testing as well as qualitative and quantitative CT analysis and perfusion scan are necessary. Numerous studies in the past years have shown the efficacy and complications following valve therapy. It has been demonstrated that patients with complete fissures show a more pronounced benefit and a significant target lobe volume reduction. Furthermore, unilateral implantation aiming at obtaining complete lobar occlusion has been more effective than the bilateral incomplete treatment. Regarding possible complications, apart from pneumothorax, COPD exacerbations, hemoptysis and valve migrations have been reported. Summarizing, in comparison to LVRS, ELVR using valves is a less invasive alternative with the opportunity to improve shortness of breath, exercise capacity, and quality of life in the patients, who have reached the end of their conventional treatment options.
The Ballets of Maurice Ravel: Creation and Interpretation

Maurice Ravel, as composer and scenario writer, collaborated with some of the greatest ballet directors, choreographers, designers and dancers of his time, including Diaghilev, Ida Rubinstein, Benois and Nijinsky. In this book, the first study dedicated to Ravel’s ballets, Deborah Mawer explores these relationships and argues that ballet music should not be regarded in isolation from its associated arts. Indeed, Ravel’s views on ballet and other stage works privilege a synthesized aesthetic. The first chapter establishes a historical and critical context for Ravel’s scores, engaging en route with multimedia theory. Six main ballets from Daphnis et Chloe through to Bolero are considered holistically alongside themes such as childhood fantasy, waltzing and neoclassicism. Each work is examined in terms of its evolution, premiere, critical reception and reinterpretation through to the present; new findings result from primary-source research, undertaken especially in Paris. The final chapter discusses the reasons for Ravel’s collaborations and the strengths and weaknesses of his interpersonal relations. Mawer emphasizes the importance of the performative dimension in realizing Ravel’s achievement, and proposes that the composer’s large-scale oeuvre can, in a sense, be viewed as a balletic undertaking. In so doing, this book adds significantly to current research interest in artistic production and interplay in early twentieth-century Paris.
Evaluation of binder and disintegrant properties of starch derived from Xanthosoma sagittifolium in metronidazole tablets

The aim of the study was to formulate metronidazole tablets using starch from Xanthosoma sagittifolium as binder and disintegrant in metronidazole tablets. Metronidazole tablets were produced by wet granulation method using X. sagittifolium starch as binder at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20% w/w, and as disintegrant (5% w/w). The micromeritic properties of the granules were determined using the direct and indirect methods. The necessary official and non official tests were performed on the tablets to include uniformity of tablets weight, content of active ingredient, disintegration test, hardness, friability tests and in vitro drug release. Also, the phytochemical constituents of the starch were determined. The results show that the granules had a good flow and values obtained were within the specified limits for the production of good quality tablets. Deviations obtained from the tablet weight uniformity test were significantly (p< 0.05) below 5%. Tablets disintegration time ranged from 3.00 ± 0.08 min to 14.00 ± 0.10 min for M1 and M4 tablets formulated with 5 and 20% of X. sagittifolium starch respectively. The tablets hardness ranged from 7.20 ± 1.25 to 8.55 ± 1.17 kgf. In vitro release showed that M1 tablets had T25, T50 and T90 % at 5, 13 and 23 min respectively, while M4 tablets had T25, T50 and T90 % at 8, 18 min and were unable to release 90% of metronidazole at 30 min. Phytochemical analysis showed that the starch contained alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate and steroids. Therefore, starch from X. sagittifolium could be used to formulate metronidazole tablets for improved oral bioavailability of metronidazole.
Habitat selection and diet in two species of pipefish from seagrass: Sex differences

Pipefishes Stigmatopora argus and S. nigra were collected dunng field expenments to test responses of seagrass-associated fishes to changes in the height and density of seagrass leaves. Most pipefish greatly preferred long, high-density seagrass leaves to short or low-density leaves. The exception was female S. argus, which were found in thinned long seagrass as often as in dense long. Females of both species had fuller guts than males Irrespective of habitat, consistent with the idea that males suffer some loss of feeding efficiency due to adaptations for brooding young. Sex ratios measured at 2 different spatial scales were biased in favour of males for both species. For both species the clutch size of male pipefish with completely filled broodpouches was, on average, the same as the number of developing ovanan eggs in females. These results are revlewed in light of current sexual selection theory.
On the Personalization of Image Content in Graphical Passwords based on Users' Sociocultural Experiences: New Challenges and Opportunities

Recent works underpin the added value of considering users' past sociocultural experiences as a personalization factor for the image content used within graphical password schemes, since it has a positive impact on the security and memorability of the user-chosen passwords. This paper discusses the need for personalization of the image content used in graphical password schemes, as well as the initial steps towards the realization of an image content personalization framework that aims to achieve a better equilibrium between security and memorability. The paper also discusses emerging challenges related to the elicitation and maintenance of individual sociocultural-centered user models, the image content personalization mechanism and privacy considerations.
Modelling of Buoyancy Driven Flows along a Building Wall in an Urban Environment

This paper discusses the modelling of buoyancy driven flows along building walls using analytical and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. Two separate models to estimate the temperature distribution along a vertical building wall have been developed. One of the models was developed using regression analysis of field measurements carried out in France, and the other being a modified version of the integral momentum equation used for natural convection flows for a vertical flat plate. In addition, CFD modelling of buoyancy driven flows along a building wall using the standard k-e model has also been presented. Results show that both the models provide good comparisons with previous experimental data (root mean square error < 0.2), and hence can be used to predict the temperature distribution along a building wall. CFD simulations of natural convection flows along the wall provide excellent insight into the airflow process and temperature distributions. The analytical models can be utilised by engineers and architects for designing a city in order to improve the air quality and provide better thermal comfort. Design guidelines for improved air flow conditions and better thermal comfort in a city are also provided. It is expected that in future, CFD will be used extensively for such studies, although the simulations must always be validated with field measurements.
High Power 12-Element Triangular-Grid Rectangular Radial Line Helical Array Antenna

A 12-element triangular-grid rectangular radial line helical array antenna is proposed and investigated. The major characteristic of this antenna is that its radiation elements are arranged in triangular-grid, which is helpful to reducing the number of elements demanded for a certain antenna aperture and grating lobe suppression capacity. The radiation element is optimized to facilitate the manufacture. The feed system with six different groups of output ports is designed to obtain equal- amplitude output using three kinds of probes. An antenna prototype with the center frequency of 2.856 GHz is simulated and measured. In the range of 2.75-2.95 GHz, the experimental result shows an antenna VSWR below 1.2, an antenna gain over 16.3 dB, and an aperture efficiency more than 80%. The field distributions of this antenna are analyzed through simulation, which prove its advantage of high power-handling capacity. Its ability to be used as a sub-array is also demonstrated by forming a 48-element array antenna.
GEOLOCATION EVALUATION OF RAPIDEYE 3A AND 1B ORTHORECTIFIED: CASE STUDY IN SÃO SEBASTIÃO/SP/BRAZIL

This study aims to present the results obtained in the geometric evaluation of two RapidEye scenes, acquired in two levels of processing: 1B and 3A. To evaluate the RapidEye 1B data, the parties were considered the two scenes that make up the 3A cut. Both 1B orthorectified scenes were considering two scenarios: using only the RPCs and also using nine-point control in the field (GCPs), and the MDE SRTM, using PCI Geomatic OrthoEngine 2013. The determination of the accuracy was made using 30 evaluation points. All points (control and evaluation) were collected in the field by making use of GNSS receivers of two frequencies through static relative positioning. For the assessment of accuracy was made comparing the coordinates of the evaluation points with their counterparts in orthoimagery (either 3A or that have been generated from 1B scenes). The 3A product has CE90 = 7.76 meters and standard deviation = 2.52 meters. When considering orthoimagery derived from the data 1B with GCPs, we have CE90 = 8.04 meters and standard deviation = 2.48 meters for February 2013 scene, and CE90 = 6.28 meters and standard deviation = 2.57 meters to the scene May 2013. For orthoimagery corrected without GCPs met CE90 = 6.8 m and standard deviation = 2.38 meters for the scene, 2013 and CE90 = 7.64 meters and standard deviation = 2.76 meters for the scene February 2013. Considering the PEC (Cartographic Accuracy Standards), the values obtained allow saying that the observed accuracies are compatible with the specified product to up the scale 1: 10,000, class B (orthoimage, 2013) and class C (orthoimagery February 2013 and 3A product). Making use of statistical inferences proposed by Vieira & Genro (2013), which estimate the accuracy for the population of the errors and the trend in the data, the results were not so good: all orthoimagery (3A, February and May 2013) would accuracy compatible with the specified product to scale 1: 25,000, class B. As the approach statistical inferences is more robust than specified in the PEC, the authors believe that the geolocation of RapidEye images evaluated in this study should be considered compatible with products in scale 1: 25,000, class B. The authors emphasize, though, that only the planimetric accuracy or the geolocation was evaluated. Products must undergo assessment of thematic accuracy to have a full assessment of your application, which is in progress.
Validation of Credit Risk Models

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has been working since 1999 on a revision of the 1998 regulation on capital requirements (Basel II). According to the new regulation to be implemented by the end of 2006, many banks will want to calculate the amount of regulatory capital requirements on the basis of default probabilities estimated from internal credit ratings. But the creation, calibration and validation of a credit risk model raise many technical questions and issues: How to measure the credit risk itself? How to obtain a realistic migration matrix? What kind of computational models to use? How to take into account the business cycles? How to properly calibrate the correlations in the model?
Genetic composition and origin of juvenile green turtles foraging at Culebra, Puerto Rico, as revealed by mtDNA

Marine migratory species encounter a range of threats as they move through coastal and oceanic zones. Understanding the connectivity and dispersal patterns of such species is critical to their effective conservation. Here we analyzed the temporal genetic composition and the most likely origin of juvenile green turtles foraging at Puerto Manglar and Tortuga Bay, Culebra, Puerto Rico, using mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. We identified 17 haplotypes, of which CM-A3 (51.5%), CM-A5 (19.4%) and CM-A1 (13.6%) were the most common. Haplotype (h) and nucleotide (π) diversities were 0.680 and 0.008, respectively. There was no evidence of significant variation in the genetic composition of these aggregations throughout seven years (2000-2006), suggesting that relative contributions from source populations did not significantly change during this period. Mixed Stock Analysis (MSA), incorporating 14 Atlantic nesting populations as possible sources, indicated four main contributing stocks to the Culebra foraging grounds: Costa Rica (34.9%), Mexico (29.2%), East Central Florida (13.2%), and Suriname (12.0%). The regional pattern of connectivity among Wider Caribbean rookeries and Culebra was further evidenced by a second MSA using Atlantic Regional Management Units (RMUs) as sources, with 94.1% of the mixed stock attributed to this area. This study addresses the information gap on the connectivity of the green turtle in the North Atlantic, and establishes an important baseline that can be used to determine future changes in stock composition