Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiance spectra classification from the Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner on ADEOS

Multispectral information from the ocean color sensors of remote sensing satellites can be used to classify the ocean surface waters into a number of classes. Nine areas distributed over the Pacific Ocean have been used to demonstrate this approach. Unsupervised neural networks were used to separate water pixels from land and cloud pixels and classify water into a variety of ocean colors. Self-organizing feature maps chose radiance spectra by minimizing least square differences amongst multichannel pixels. Pixels with similar radiance spectra were coded with similar colors. It has been shown that radiance spectra, after correction for the atmospheric absorption of a "standard atmosphere" for varying Sun and satellite viewing angles, could be classified into a single set of radiance spectra that apply over the whole ocean. No ground truth data were required to make this classification. Examinations of the classified images showed that the method could extract a large number of ocean color categories and provide a basis to separate case 1 waters from the case 2 and ocean radiances with a high influence of the atmosphere. Also, areas of high pigment, inappropriately masked out by the conventional routine, were correctly classified. This opens the possibility that in the future a robust global algorithm for chlorophyll estimation might be constructed.
Economic considerations in managing patients with chronic stable angina.

OBJECTIVE To quantify the economic burden of chronic stable angina in the United States, characterize recent trends in the use of coronary revascularization, and compare the clinical outcomes and long-term costs of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and medical management in patients with stable angina. SUMMARY The direct and indirect costs of stable angina are measured in tens of billions of dollars in the United States, with hospitalization contributing a large amount to the costs. The use of coronary revascularization, particularly PCI and insertion of coronary stents, has increased dramatically in recent years. The long-term costs of PCI and CABG are similar and high. Revascularization is sometimes used without an adequate trial of medical management, despite higher costs and a lack of evidence of long-term clinical benefits from revascularization. CONCLUSION Chronic stable angina is a costly condition. Medical management should be used before considering costly revascularization, unless medical management is contraindicated.
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Anisotropic Photonic Structures

Nowadays layered photonic structures (LPSs) are key of optoelectronic and microwave devices such as, phased-array antennas, microcavities and mirrors [1,2], filters of xWDM systems [3], waveguide structures, photodetectors, sensors and others. In case of active devices the layered structures are usually used in form of superlattices [4-6], multiple quantum wells [7,8] and asymmetric multiple quantum wells [9].
How to report low-level laser therapy (LLLT)/photomedicine dose and beam parameters in clinical and laboratory studies.

BACKGROUND Dose and beam parameters are critical for successful laser, LED, and other light therapy treatments; however, in our experience, researchers frequently make critical errors and omissions when submitting papers for publication. Journals frequently publish studies with missing data, mathematical errors, and no reported verification of beam parameters. This makes reproducibility impossible, and further confounds an already complex subject. OBJECTIVE This article is intended to be a reference document for non-physicist researchers conducting low-level laser therapy (LLLT) laboratory studies and clinical trials to help them design and report the beam and dose aspects of their trials. RECOMMENDATIONS It provides a checklist to help LLLT researchers understand and report all the necessary parameters for a repeatable scientific study. It includes the eight most important beam parameters to report, which are: wavelength, power, irradiation time, beam area at the skin or culture surface (this is not necessarily the same as the aperture size), pulse parameters, anatomical location, number of treatments, and interval between treatments. The three commonly used dose parameters are time, energy, and energy density. In addition, more thorough reporting would include coherence, application technique (contact, projection, scanning, pressure), beam profile, and spectral width, as these may also be considered important. Beam power often decreases as the device warms up and as the device ages; therefore, this should be checked routinely during an experiment/trial. Measurements of beam area and beam power require special instruments and trained technicians to operate them. Power measurements should be taken before, after, and at frequent intervals during research trials. CONCLUSION Reviewers should insist that the minimum eight most important beam parameters are included, and authors should take care to measure and record these accurately before, during, and after an experiment or clinical trial.
Cyclic AMP‐Mediated Enhancement of High‐Affinity Choline Transport and Acetylcholine Synthesis in Brain

Abstract: Intracerebroventricular administration of N6, 2′‐O‐dibutyryladenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (db‐cyclic AMP) to mice increased high‐affinity choline transport (HAChT) into synaptosomal preparations from the hippocampus, striatum, and frontal cortex in a time‐dose‐, and brain region‐dependent manner. Similar observations were made when the cyclic AMP analogue 8‐bromo‐cyclic AMP, the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine were administered. Inhibition of phosphatase 1 and 2A, with okadaic acid, increased basal choline transport and enhanced the response to db‐cyclic AMP. The early increase of HAChT activity induced by db‐cyclic AMP was blocked by H‐7 and H‐89, protein kinase A inhibitors, but not by cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Kinetic analysis of the early changes of HAChT revealed an increase in the apparent Vmax without a change of the Km for choline. Hemicholinium‐3 (HC‐3) binding was not altered when studied 1 h after db‐cyclic AMP administration. In contrast, HC‐3 binding and HAChT activity were both elevated when estimated 3 h after the treatment, and pretreatment with cycloheximide partially prevented the db‐cyclic AMP‐induced HAChT rise. As evidence that enhanced HAChT is associated with a direct action of cyclic AMP‐dependent pathways on the cholinergic nerve terminals, addition of 8‐bromocyclic AMP to isolated hippocampal synaptosomes induced an increase of HAChT that was prevented by H‐89. Choline acetyltransferase activity was not affected at any time during the studies. The synthesis of acetylcholine, however, was enhanced 1 h after db‐cyclic AMP addition. Our studies show that cyclic AMP‐mimetic compounds appear to modulate the choline carrier by a dual mode: an early increase of the maximal velocity without a change of the number of HC‐3 binding sites and a late rise of transport that is accompanied by an increase of HC‐3 binding. We postulate that HAChT and consequently acetylcholine synthesis in vivo is modulated, in part, by protein kinase A.
Risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in Swiss organic and conventional production system farms

Epidemiological studies comparing risk factors for subclinical mastitis (SM) in organic (OP) and conventional dairy production systems (CP) are lacking. In 60 OP and 60 CP farms, 970 cows were used to study risk factors for SM at 31 days postpartum. Cows showing a positive (≥ 1+) California Mastitis Test (CMT) in at least one quarter, but without clinical symptoms, were classified SM-positive. For OP cows increased (P 27) of cattle on the farm, for the use of mineral feed supplements, for irregular milking intervals ( 12 h/day), and for milk urea concentrations of 210.1–270 mg/dl, whereas decreased OR for SM were recorded for cows kept in barns on beddings other than on rubber mats or concrete, for farms with rinsing water temperatures of milking systems between 54.75 and 60°C, for milk lactose > 50.5 g/l, and for blood albumin levels of ≥ 38.5 g/l. For cows on CP farms, increased (P 117 cm, and for antibiotic mastitis treatment since the last dry period, whereas reduced (P < 0.05) OR for SM were found for farms with a moderate (in contrast to good) hygiene status and for routine application of antibiotics during the dry period. Observed differences between OP and CP were assumed to be partially related to system-specific management, such as antibiotic dry cow therapy, nutrition and milking routine.
Recovery of heart rate following intense dynamic exercise

The Olympic biathlon is a very demanding physical event that requires high oxygen delivery, good cross‐country skiing skills and skilful use of a rifle. Like all high‐performance endurance athletes, high cardiac vagal tone is a characteristic and extends the range over which cardiac output can increase. In the biathlete, however, the enhanced vagal control of the heart also allows a strategy for better control of stability needed for accurately firing a rifle at the end of each lap of the race. The role of endurance training, central command, reflexes from muscle, and of the carotid–cardiac baroreceptor reflex in changing vagal tone during intense exercise and recovery is discussed.
The Use of Immunoliposome for Nutrient Target Regulation (A Review)

Although research on the role of genetically engineered antibodies and liposomes in the immunology or the nutrition field is extensive, there is no case for immunoliposome to nutrient target regulation. It is known that liposomes are spherical particles that encapsulate a fraction of the solvent, in which they freely diffuse (float) into their interior. Therefore, identification of immunoliposomes in hypothalamic site or intestinal epithelial cells that are differentially regulated by liposomes encapsulating nutrients or drugs will be an important step toward understanding the role of immunoliposomes in nutrition regulation progression and ingredient stability. Consequently, a useful model (immunoliposomal nutrient delivery system, ILNDS) of nutrient target regulation via immunoliposomes is designed to regulate the endocrine system effectively. This review focuses on antibody libraries' construction, display and selection, a brief introduction of immunoliposome, and how to use ILNDS for nutrient target regulation.
A NOVEL FAMILY OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS

The BET proteins are a novel class of transcriptional regulators whose members can be found in animals, plants and fungi. Founding members are Human RING3, Drosophila Fsh and yeast Bdf1p. BET proteins are distinguished by an N-terminal bromodomain or bromodomains and an ET domain. As predicted by the presence of the bromodomain(s), these proteins have been found to be associated with chromatin. The poorly characterized ET domain functions as a protein-protein interaction motif and may be part of a serine-kinase activity. Other regions (“modular domains”), which are conserved only in certain BET proteins, are likely to provide sub-family specific functions. Genetic, biochemical and molecular techniques have implicated BET proteins in functions as diverse as meiosis, cell cycle control and homeosis. The data suggest that BET proteins may modulate chromatin structure and affect transcription via a sequence-independent mechanism. This review will attempt to summarize current research on BET proteins and envision where future research is likely to lead.
Literature Survey on Stereo Vision Disparity Map Algorithms

This paper presents a literature survey on existing disparity map algorithms. It focuses on four main stages of processing as proposed by Scharstein and Szeliski in a taxonomy and evaluation of dense two-frame stereo correspondence algorithms performed in 2002. To assist future researchers in developing their own stereo matching algorithms, a summary of the existing algorithms developed for every stage of processing is also provided. The survey also notes the implementation of previous software-based and hardware-based algorithms. Generally, the main processing module for a software-based implementation uses only a central processing unit. By contrast, a hardware-based implementation requires one or more additional processors for its processing module, such as graphical processing unit or a field programmable gate array. This literature survey also presents a method of qualitative measurement that is widely used by researchers in the area of stereo vision disparity mappings.
The clinical implementation of pain neuroscience education: A survey study

ABSTRACT Pain neuroscience education (PNE) has gained considerable attention in research. Three systematic reviews have shown increasing efficacy of PNE decreasing pain, disability, pain catastrophization, movement restrictions, and healthcare utilization. In the development of any new therapeutic approach, it is proposed that there are three stages: development, validation, and implementation. To date, the development and validation of PNE have been well-established. The third stage, implementation, however, lacks when it comes to PNE. The purpose of this study was to survey physical therapists (PT) on their experience and implementation of PNE, following a 15-hour PNE class. Upon development and validation of a PT-PNE survey, a random sample of PTs was invited to take the online survey. Two hundred and eighty-six PTs (female 56%) completed the PNE questionnaire. Ninety-one percent of PTs reported not being taught PNE in PT school. PT’s are applying PNE into clinical practice to a variety of patients, experience outcomes in line with the current best-evidence, but struggle establishing which patients are ideal for PNE. The same five patient characteristics associated with success were also associated with failure, albeit in a different ranking order. This finding highlight the need to further investigate the factors associated with success and failure of PNE.
EVALUATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE EFFECTS ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY

Property value is dependent upon many characteristics associated with that property such as physical characteristics of property; location of the site in relation to employment centers and other recreational facilities (accessibility). In addition the social and economic characteristics of neighborhood, including the presence of such amenities as view, parks, schools and community services affect value. Those attributes are usually provided by the State and Local governments through their various policies and services. Thus property price will be suburb (or locational) dependent due to the attributes with respect to specific desirable services. This paper is concerned with the effect of the established infrastructure as well as social and culture services on property values in Camberwell. The results of analysis indicates that the presence of physical attributes of property and transportation are important housing attributes in determining price. This suggests that different attributes are valued differently when combined with other attributes. Key locational factors are fundamental in the determination on house prices.
Electron beam switched trapping and release of nanoparticles on nanopore array

We demonstrated switching of trap and release of nanoparticles using an inverted-electron beam lithography (I-EBL). 240-nm nanobeads suspended in pure water were trapped and released on nanopore array. The nanopores in a silicon nitride membrane generated trapping flows for the beads by infinitesimal leakages toward directly connected high vacuum via the nanopores. The incident electron beam selectively induced release of the trapping beads into the solution by Coulomb force.
Review Article An Overview on Techniques Implemented for Dissolution Enhancement of Glipizide

Glipizide is one of the most commonly used anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is effective in pancreatic secretion of insulin. Glipizide is used for patients with type 2 diabetes who have failed diet and exercise therapy and it appears to be the most effective in first phase insulin secretion. The poor aqueous solubility of the drug leads to the poor bioavailability. As it is antidiabetic drug it has to be absorbed rapidly, so enhancement of the solubility of drug is important. In order to improve solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drug many methods are used. Enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug, selection of the carriers is of the most challenging aspect of drug development. Now a days different techniques are available to enhance the solubility of drug like co-solvent, solid dispersion, chemical modification of drug, liquisolid technique etc. The review article comprises of the research materialized in the field of solubility and dissolution enhancement of glipizide.
Differential calcium dependence of contractile responses and 86Rb efflux from the rabbit aorta induced by vasoactive stimuli

86Rb was used to monitor potassium movements in strips of rabbit aorta simultaneously with measurements of tension. Histamine, noradrenaline, the prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue U46619, angiotensin II, and 144 mM K+ each induced an increase in 86Rb efflux concomitantly with contraction. For the first four agonists there was a rank‐order correlation between the contractile response and 86Rb efflux, but 144 mM K+ induced a massive increase in 86Rb efflux although it was the weakest contractile stimulus. Contraction and increase in 86Rb efflux‐induced K+ were both reduced by verapamil, which blocks voltage‐sensitive calcium channels, implying that both effects of K+ were mediated mainly by a depolarisation‐induced influx of calcium. Noradrenaline increased both tension and 86Rb efflux through an action on alpha‐adrenoceptors, but its effect on efflux, unlike its effect on tension, was apparently totally dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. Experiments performed in the presence of lanthanum, which blocks calcium influx, showed that the intracellular store of calcium released by noradrenaline apparently played no role in inducing 86Rb efflux, although it could trigger contraction. Lanthanum also blocked contraction induced by K+ but less effect on the increase in 86Rb efflux induced by K+. Thus, agonist‐induced vascular contraction and 86Rb efflux can be dissociated, but under normal conditions all the contractile stimuli tested induced 86Rb efflux.
Characterization of serum biomarkers for detection of early stage ovarian cancer

We have previously reported the identification of three ovarian cancer biomarker panels comprised of SELDI‐TOF‐MS peaks representing 14 differentially expressed serum proteins for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Using micro‐LC‐MS/MS, we identified five m/z peaks as transthyretin (TTR 13.9 kDa, TTR fragment 12.9 kDa), beta‐hemoglobin (Hb, 15.9 kDa), apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI, 28 kDa) and transferrin (TF, 79 kDa). Western and/or ELISA methods confirmed the differential expression of TTR, Hb, and TF, and multivariate analyses resulted in improving the detection of early stage ovarian tumors (low malignant potential and malignant; receiver operating characteristic, ROC 0.933) as compared to cancer antigen CA125 alone (ROC 0.833). Interestingly, when CA125 was included with our markers in the multivariate analysis, the ROC increased to 0.959. Furthermore, multivariate analysis with only the mucinous subtype of early stage ovarian tumors, showed our markers to greatly improve the detection of disease (ROC 0.959) as compared to CA125 alone (ROC 0.613). Interestingly, the combination of CA125 with our markers did not seem to further improve the detection of mucinous tumors (ROC 0.955). We conclude that TTR, Hb, ApoAI and TF, when combined with CA125 should significantly improve the detection of early stage ovarian cancer.
DNA damage assessment in the lymphocytes of construction painters by comet assay

Background: Exposure to chemicals is inevitable for certain occupational groups, particularly in industrial countries. Some cytogenetic tests such as comet assay are effectively utilized to screen genotoxic effects of these chemicals in humans. The purpose of this study has been to assess the DNA damage in construction painters’ lymphocytes using the comet assay. Methods: Fourteen male construction painters with 1 year of required work experience were randomly selected from the list of Painter Union in Gonabad city, Iran. In addition, 14 healthy male non-painters were randomly selected as controls. The DNA damage degree was determined using a fluorescence microscope and CometScore software. The obtained data were analyzed employing independent t-test using SPSS software v. 14 at the significant level of p < 0.05. Results: All participants were non-smokers and non-alcoholics. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age, weight, height, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The DNA damage in the painter group was significantly greater than that of the control group. Tail length (µm) was 12.63 ± 6.54 versus 2.90 ± 0.84, tail DNA (%) was 4.33 ± 1.84 versus 1.29 ± 0.43, and tail moment (µm) was 1.85 ± 0.98 versus 0.14 ± 0.20 in painter and control groups (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The chemicals used in oil paint may increase the DNA damage in painter blood lymphocytes.
Computer aided surgery system for shoulder prosthesis placement

The aim of this research is to provide a light and easy-handling shoulder model for surgeons in order to ease the preoperative and peroperative work required when replacing the shoulder joint with a prosthesis. The digital mock-up of the shoulder is simplified according to the criteria of the surgeon, allowing easy manipulation of the model for a virtual operation. The model can be parameterized from X-rays or CT images. This paper describes the method used to obtain a virtual mock-up that is useful for preoperative simulation. Furthermore, it is shown that a real-time augmented reality system could be achieved for peroperative application.
Cross district comparison of applications to research ethics committees

Meade has criticised the current need to obtain approval for multicentred research from many different ethics committees.1 Variability between committees has led to research having to be modified or even abandoned in some districts but not others.2 I report the results of applying to 13 ethics committees with in a region for approvalof a study of young people. A regional study of the mental health needs of young offenders was proposed in which adolescents aged 13 to 17 were to be identified by health, social, and juvenile justice agencies. They were to be studied by means of a social and psychiatric interview, an educational assessment, an interview with staff, a postal questionnaire from parents, and a study of notes. The regional health authority identified 14 ethics committees. Approval for the study …
E1a regions of the human adenoviruses and of the highly oncogenic simian adenovirus 7 are closely related

Simian adenovirus 7 (SA7) is a highly oncogenic virus, capable of causing tumors in hamsters upon the direct injection of viral DNA. We determined the transcriptional organization of the transforming region and compared it with that of the human adenoviruses. This analysis demonstrated that there are two independently promoted transcription units similar to the E1a and E1b regions of the human adenoviruses. The nucleotide sequence of the SA7 E1a region demonstrated considerable homology with the human adenoviruses, both in the sequences that regulate E1a expression and in the encoded polypeptides. The amino acid homology was reflected in the ability of SA7 to complement the growth of human adenoviruses mutant in the E1a region. Furthermore, we found two regions of amino acid homology unique to SA7 and the highly oncogenic human adenovirus 12.