Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERVIEWER FALSIFICATION IN CENSUS BUREAU SURVEYS

Over the years it has been the policy of the Census Bureau to include in continuing and one-time surveys, a reinterview program to control the quality of interviewing. For continuing surveys the reinterview program is designed to provide feedback to the interviewers regarding their performance. For the most part the level of performance of the interviewing staff meets or exceeds the acceptable standard. For those who fail to meet this standard some form of remedial training is provided, unless they are identified as falsifying data. For most one-time surveys, on the other hand, there is generally very little time for providing any feedback to interviewers. For these surveys, the use of the reinterview as a control on interviewers is strictly to identify those who are falsifying data. Initially, the impetus for gathering information on interviewer falsification came from the need to design an optimal reinterview sampling strategy for onetime surveys. Due to budget constraints, it was generally not possible to reinterview every interviewer and at the same time select enough cases to achieve a high probability of detecting minimal falsification. Sometimes it was suggested only new interviewers be checked. The argument was made that new interviewers were the ones most ~ likely to falsify data and the more experienced ones could be trusted. Of course, this was merely an intuitive belief, since there was no empirical data to back it up. Following the 1980 Decennial Census a second and stronger impetus came from the Reinterview Work Group (RWG). This group had the task of redesigning the current surveys' reinterview program. However, it too was hampered in the effort to design an optimal sampling strategy for interviewer control. This was primarily because of the lack of factual information concerning the nature of interviewer falsification. At that time there was no data available on falsification other than anecdotes reported by field supervisors and these experiences were not systematically captured. One particular piece of knowledge that would have been quite valuable was whether or not interviewer falsification was clustered. If, in fact, it was, then resources could best be used by spreading the reinterview sample over as many clusters as feasible, given cost constraints, rather than the existing procedure of selecting entire clusters. Furthermore, if interviewers who falsify data tend to do so infrequently, but on a large proportion of their assignment, then the best strategy is to reinterview a small amount of their assignment fairly often. If, on the other hand, interviewers who falsify data, tend to do so on a small proportion of their assignment quite often, then the best strategy is to reinterview as much of their assignment as possible less frequently. These and other questions regarding interviewer falsification finally led to the implementation in August 1982 of the Interviewer Falsification Study.
ASes Router RouterRouter Router Router Attacker Stratum 2 Stratum 1 Stratum 7 Stratum 8 Stratum 6 Stratum 5 Stratum 3 Stratum

Recent theoretical attacks conjectured the vulnerabilities of mainstream blockchains through simulations or assumption violations. Unfortunately, previous results typically omit both the nature of the network under which the blockchain code runs and whether blockchains are private, consortium or public. In this paper, we study the public Ethereum blockchain as well as a consortium and private blockchains and quantify the feasibility of man-in-the-middle and double spending attacks against them. To this end, we list important properties of the Ethereum public blockchain topology, we deploy VMs with constrained CPU quantum to mimic the top-10 mining pools of Ethereum and we attack them, by first partitionning the network through BGP hijacking or ARP spoofing before issuing a Balance Attack to steal coins. Our results demonstrate that attacking Ethereum is remarkably devastating in a consortium or private context as the adversary can multiply her digital assets by 200, 000× in 10 hours through BGP hijacking whereas it would be almost impossible in a public context.
ANALYSIS OF POSTURAL CONTROL SYSTEM DEGENERATION USING AN INVERTED PENDULUM MODEL WITH PID CONTROLLER AND DELAYED FEEDBACK

In this study a simple inverted pendulum model with PID controller and delayed feedback is used to model standing-still postural control system for the purpose of achieving useful information about its underlying control structure. Using the Genetic algorithm and an experimental study results, the model and the controller parameters were estimated in a way that the model mimics real experimental sway patterns. The controller parameters found meaningful interpretations and it is shown that degeneration of postural control system affects the values of the parameters. Our findings indicate that although the simple models are not able to describe complexities of postural control system and interactions between its components, they can help us to improve our understanding of postural control system, its performance, its features and the way that the features change.
Performance Evaluation of Sustainable Soil Stabilization Process Using Waste Materials

The process of soil stabilization is a fundamental requirement before road infrastructure development is possible. Different binding materials have been used worldwide as soil stabilizers. In this study, water treatment waste (i.e., alum sludge (AS)) was used as a soil stabilizer. Alum sludge can work not only as a low-cost soil stabilizer but also can solve the problem of waste management at a large scale. Utilization of alum waste can be a sustainable solution and environmentally friendly exercise. Thus, in consideration of the pozzolanic properties of alum, it was applied as a binder, similar to cement or lime, to stabilize the soil with the addition of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of dry soil by weight. To analyze the resulting improvement in soil strength, the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test was conducted in addition to three other tests (i.e., particle size analysis, Atterberg’s limits test, and modified proctor test). The soil bearing ratio was significantly improved from 6.53% to 16.86% at the optimum level of an 8% addition of alum sludge. Furthermore, the artificial neural networks (ANNs) technique was applied to study the correlations between the CBR and the physical properties of soil, which showed that, at 8% optimum alum sludge, maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, and plasticity index were also at maximum levels. This study will help in providing an eco-friendly soil stabilization process as well as a waste management solution.
1981: REGRESSION ANALYSIS TINDER DIFFERENTIAL NON-RESPONSE

Two alternative approaches to this problem have been considered. The econometric approach, summarized by Heckman (1979), assumes response to be determined by an unobservable variable, X4, which is the dependent variable in a linear regression relationship with X 3. Heckman (1976) proposes a two-stage (probit and OLS) estimator, which is asymptotically unbiased, under certain assumptions, within a conditional framework of inference (given the values of X 2 and X3) , and for which asymptotic expressions of variance are given by Lee, Maddala and Trost (1980).
Exhibition-Area Segmentation Using Eigenvectors

In the information age, people feel overwhelmed by information. Large museums are often overwhelming for first time visitors, especially people with limited time. Without professional assistance in exhibition design and arrangement of objects, this issue becomes impossible for them to narrow down the most significant pieces to see. This paper introduces a systematic approach by collecting the visitor information such as the circulation in exhibition space. Then, we can exploit the visitor information to segment exhibition space inherent in circulation behavior of visitors. The segmentation of exhibition space can be achieved with the eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the characteristic vectors obtained from visitor dwell time for each time slot. Eigenvectors take advantage of the capability of showing the (first, second, third, and forth) most important circulation behavior of visitors as well as examining the degree of dominance of their corresponding. We, then, adopted the theory of graph spectra for partitioning the exhibit spaces. In experiments, we applied the segmentation approach to the data set obtained from the virtual and real museums: 36 avatars at the Ritsumeikan gallery in Second Life and 45 real visitors at the MIT museum in order to discovering groups of strongly coherent exhibits. The implications are also discussed in the paper.
Extending Hansen and Hurwitz ' s Approach for Nonresponse in Sample Survey

Collecting information from sampled units over the Internet or by mail is much more cost-efficient than conducting interviews. These methods make self-enumeration an attractive data collection method for surveys and censuses. However, self-enumeration data collection can produce low response rates compared to interviews. To increase response rates, nonrespondents are subject to follow-up treatments, which influence the resulting probability of response. Because response occurrence is intrinsically conditional, we primarily record response occurrence in discrete intervals, and we characterize the probability of response by a discrete time hazard. This approach facilitates examining when a response is most likely to occur and how the probability of responding varies. Because response rates are presumed to be low, a widely used approach is to consider a second-phase of data collection, where only sub-sampled nonrespondents are followedup. However, in practice, data collection from self-enumeration and from follow-ups are done in parallel, which makes sub-sampling from nonrespondents difficult to apply. In this case, excluding late self-enumeration responses ‒ not obtained from the follow-up subsample after follow-up has been started ‒ is recommended in the literature to avoid a nonresponse bias. Finally, we study the estimator of the finite population total that use all observed responses. Simulation results on the performance of the proposed estimators are also presented.
Youth Justice Innovation on the West Coast: Examining Community-Based Social Justice Organizations through a Left Realist Lens

This article uses a left realist lens to examine the philosophies and practices of three progressive organizations serving disadvantaged, ‘at-risk,’ or socially excluded youth—mostly of color—on the West Coast of the United States. Through face-to-face interviews with key organizational actors as well as qualitative content analysis of program materials, we highlight community-based organizations that, in line with some of the main tenets of left realism, take crime seriously, treat crime as a social and political phenomenon, focus on the economic roots of much serious violence, and value democratization of crime and social policy at the community level. While utilizing left realism as a way to begin organizing the diverse workings of these understudied organizations, we also discuss the promise and potential pitfalls that would likely arise if progressive criminologists were to work more closely with such groups.
A Design of Broadband Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with Single Notch Band for Various Wireless Communication Applications

This paper presents a novel design of partial ground plane rectangular microstrip antenna for dual band operation. The magnitude of each operating band is found to be 95% and 15.57%. This dual band can be converted into triple bands by placing a stub along the width of the rectangular patch on the right side from the microstripline. The magnitudes of triple bands are found to be 105%, 13.57% and 17.46%. However, the triple bands can be converted into dual bands by placing two stubs simultaneously along the width of the rectangular patch on left and right side of microstripline. The dual bands are merged with single band and antenna gives a highest impedance bandwidth of 137% with a gain of 6.59dB by increasing the length of the stubs from 2 mm to 4 mm. This operating frequency band of the antennas covers the frequency ranges used for WiMAX, WLAN, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11a applications. When the length of the stubs is kept at 2 mm the antenna shows the property of notch band towards the higher side and for 8 mm towards the lower side of the frequency spectrum. The proposed antennas are simple in their structure and have been realized using low cost glass epoxy substrate material.
GWI : The Gameworld Interface 1

However, in World of Warcraft these are contextualized in different way through fictionalized situations: the player may gather flo wers for an alchemist who needs them for an elixir; she may bring back the tails or ears of a s c venging group of wolves for a mayor who needs to have his village protected.
Community Base Vulnerability Mapping for Lightning Strikes in Sri Lanka

Lightning is one of the oldest observed natural phenomena on earth. An average of 40 people dies every year due to lightning strikes in Sri Lanka. Persons who engage in outdoor activities such as farmers, heavy machinery operators and players are more vulnerable for lightning strikes. Human or animals live in unsafe partly covered shelters, particularly shelters with galvanized roof which trend for casualty of lightning strikes. Reported deaths and casualties due to lightning in rural areas by using electronic or electrical appliances in rural areas are more as compared to urban areas where mitigation mechanisms such as lightning protection systems are used for their residences, factories and offices. Not only that, geographical features like terrain, soil type (soil conductivity) also enhance the impacts of lightning. According to the latest statistics and surveys, it is revealed that the people who do not have proper shelters particularly with galvanized sheet roofs are more vulnerable for the lightning and it cause more causalities and deaths. The aim of this study is to identify the vulnerabilities from the lightning due to different socio economic conditions (ie. to identify community base vulnerable area). Socio economic conditions reflect from their wealth, daily wage, living condition etc. Hazard areas were identified using the population density and the frequency of lightning Poverty index is the most appropriate factor to measure the socio economic conditions. Therefore, the poverty index is considered to be measured as a factor to find the vulnerabilities from the lightning. Correlation has been done for the number of deaths and the causalities from lightning with the number of lightning days, population density and the poverty index. Hence identified the weighting factor of each for deaths and causalities and accordingly vulnerability maps have been developed by combining all these factors.
Evaluating Record Linkage Software for Agricultural Surveys

Reducing duplication and matching records lacking unique identifiers are common practices associated with the construction and maintenance of a list sampling frame. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) employs a record linkage system built using AutoStan and AutoMatch (originally developed by MatchWare Technologies) to maintain its list frame of farm operators and agribusinesses. The overall process consists of four main steps: 1) reformatting, 2) standardizing (AutoStan), 3) matching (AutoMatch) and 4) review. Because the current match engine is no longer supported and becoming increasingly obsolete, NASS has recently begun to explore alternative software options, such as Statistics Canada's GLink package. In this paper, we describe the results of a preliminary study comparing G-Link with AutoMatch using list frame data from a national survey of organic farmers and discuss issues associated with upgrading the agency's record linkage system.
Assessing the Applicability of Self-Anchoring Scales in Web Surveys

Self-anchoring scales were first mentioned by Kilpatrick and Cantril (1960) and Cantril (1965) as rating instruments in which the end anchors are defined by the respondent himself, basing on his own assumptions, perceptions, goals and values. The uses or these scales are legion and they have proven to be very useful in reducing measurement bias in cross-cultural research (Cantril, 1965; Bernheim, Theuns, Mazaheri, Hofmans, Fliege & Rose, 2006). In the first part of this study we investigate whether context effects can be lessened or eliminated by using self-anchored scales. For this purpose, an experiment similar the one by Tourangeau, Couper and Conrad (2004), in which they manipulated images that figured in a web survey, was conducted. The hypothesis that self-anchoring scales can reduce contextual bias, is not supported by our data. The second part of the study investigates if and how self-anchoring scales affect dropout during the filling out of questionnaires. It is found that (compared to a regular rating scale, a larger proportion of respondents drop-out. Moreover subjective preferences for one or the other scale do not seem to differ.
Weighting Approach for a Statewide Dual-Frame RDD Survey

This paper describes a statewide dual-frame RDD survey weighting procedure developed in SAS using the Raking SAS Macro with weight trimming (Izrael, 2009). The AAPOR Cell Phone Survey Task Force Report states, “There is no consensus regarding how RDD cell phone samples should be weighted, especially when combining them with RDD landline samples. ” During the winter of 2014, a dual-frame, stratified random sample, including cell and landline telephone users, was utilized to ensure coverage of a statewide population. A total of 12 sub-sampling frames were created by using six non-overlapping strata representing six geographic regions and two frames, cell and landline, for each region. The weighting process consisted of developing design weights for selection probability, eligibility, non-response, multiplicity due to multiple phones, respondent selection procedure, and frame overlap. Raking and trimming techniques were used to adjust the sample to reflect the statewide telephone service benchmarks and demographics of interest. This paper presents the weighting methodology along with estimates at each stage, the limitations of the procedure, and the methodological lessons learned.
Performing Projects with Constant Connectivity: Interplay of Consulting Project Work Practices and Smartphone Affordances

The broad view of projectification and the broader perspective on constant connectivity have produced insights that question the conventional wisdom. However, how project practices are mediated by constant connectivity is under‐explored and under‐theorized. We conduct a case study of the interplay between consulting project work practices and constant connectivity to address this gap. Our findings point to three potential insights. First, we highlight that consulting projects in the focal context are characterized by clockwork coordination logic. Second, we show there is affinity between front‐stage practices and synchronous smartphone affordances on the one hand as well as between backstage practices and asynchronous smartphone affordances on the other. Third, we describe how clockwork coordination and connectivity affordances give rise to decoupling of legacy timespace from backstage practices while reinforcing the legacy timespace of the front‐stage practices. Our work extends the literature via a highly nuanced and differentiated understanding of the focal phenomena.
Optimised constellations for transmitter diversity

In this paper transmitter antenna diversity for the downlink is proposed in conjunction with the optimum fading diversity transform. In spectrally efficient transmitter antenna frequency and time diversity schemes the information bit stream is divided into sub-streams and each sub-stream is transmitted over a different antenna, a different frequency, or a different time slot. The present work provides a fading resistant transmission scheme where a base station uses M1 antennas and M2 time slots (M=M1/spl times/M2). These transmissions are coordinated to mitigate the effects of multi-path Rayleigh fading and the mobile receiver can recover the entire M-dimensional transmitted vector as long as the signal energy of at least one coordinate is large enough. The selective transmitter antenna diversity (antenna diversity) scheme is coordinated with the new complex diversity transform (time diversity) to get the highest BER performance for low signal to noise ratio. This scheme offers a significant BER performance improvement over previous M-dimensional fading resistant constellations proposed.
Using Continuous Variables As Modeling Covariates for Net Coverage Estimation

Abstract: The Census Bureau uses dual system estimation as one method to evaluate the coverage of the decennial census. This estimation for previous censuses has used post-stratification to minimize the impact of correlation bias on the population estimates. For 2010, we are planning on using logistic regression modeling instead of post-stratification cells. Logistic regression gives us the option of using variables in the model as continuous variables instead of having to form groupings. This research presents our initial results of the impact of using certain continuous variables in the model development and the resulting population estimates.
Social Phobia and Academic Achievement of Girls At Postgraduate Level

Social phobia is one of the most chronic, widely prevalent, and unwanted but less noticed psychological disorder. The present study was aimed to find out the social phobia and academic achievements of girls at postgraduate level. Students were selected from College of Home Economics, Lahore through random sampling. “Social Phobia Inventory Scale” was used to investigate the presence of social phobia and 128 students identified with social phobia were taken as sample. Mean of the results of past two years of phobic students were used to assess their academic achievements. Data was analyzed through ttest, Coefficient of correlation and Regression analysis. The results indicated that social phobia was highly prevalent among the girls but it had no significant effect on the academic achievements of students. The results also showed that the demographic factors of students had no significant effect either on the social phobia or the academic achievements. It is recommended that further studies on this topic should be conducted on a larger scale and the qualitative analysis should be carried out to get an in depth viewpoint of adolescents about social phobia.
A Dialogue System for the Elderly Considering Utterance Intention

In this paper, we propose a dialog system for the elderly. The aim of the proposed system is to encourage and satisfy their appetite for conversation. To promote the appetite, contents of the conversation should be broad. In addition, the system should estimate the feeling of the elderly. In the proposed system, sentences are created using the information from Web and the language resources such as Japanese Google N-grams and Kyoto-University-Case-frame. As for usage of Web, the proposed system employs Google Suggest, which is an API offered by Google. The proposed system extracts related words such as noun, adjective, and adjective verb, and creates variable sentences. By considering of the frequency of the words, a suitable and natural sentence can be selected. We carried out experiments to evaluate the proposed system in terms of Grice's axiom and confirmed the effectiveness of the system.