Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency domain modeling of volume conduction of single muscle fiber action potentials

An inhomogeneous frequency-dependent model of volume conduction in skeletal tissue is used to calculate a transfer function between injected membrane current and extracellular action potential in the frequency domain. This model accounts for tissue structure and microscopic electrical parameters (intra- and extracellular conductivities and membrane impedance) and represents the volume conductor by an extensive electrical network. Results obtained with the model are compared with those of a conventional homogeneous volume conductor model. The comparison shows a significant influence of tissue structure and microscopic electrical parameters close to the source. As a result, the transfer function close to the source is less sensitive to the frequency content and conduction velocity of the membrane current, compared with results of the homogeneous volume conductor approach. <<ETX>>
Evaluating the Cognitive Aspects of User Interaction with 2D Visual Tagging Systems

There has been significant interest in the development and deployment of visual tagging applications in recent times. But user perceptions about the purpose and function of visual tagging systems have not received much attention. This paper presents a user experience study that investigates the cognitive models that novice users have about interacting with visual tagging applications. The results of the study show that although most users are unfamiliar with visual tagging technologies, they could accurately predict the purpose and mode of retrieval of data stored in visual tags. The study concludes with suggestions on how to improve the recognition, ease of recall and design of visual tags.
Casting Project Scheduling with Time Windows as a DTP

This paper extends existing work on constraint-based scheduling for solving complex Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problems. The main result of the paper is the reduction of the RCPSP/max problem to a Disjunctive Temporal Problem that allow customization of specific properties within a backtracking search procedure for makespan optimization where decision variables are Minimal Critical Sets (MCSs). In particular an algorithm is proposed whose branching strategy is able to deduce new constraints which explicitly represent infeasible or useless search paths, such additional information allows early pruning of alternatives and strongly improves the efficiency of the overall search procedure. The paper includes an experimental evaluation on a set of standard, quite challenging, benchmark problem sg iving an empirical validation of the effectiveness of the proposed ideas.
Cytological grading of therapy‐induced tumor regression in prostatic carcinoma: Proposal of a new system

Proposed in this article is a new system for the cytological grading of therapy‐induced regression of prostatic carcinoma. Reversible and irreversible criteria in cytoplasm, nuclei, and nucleoli are distinguished and rated independently of each other on a scale of 0 to 2; the cellular regression grades r1‐r3 are the sum of rating numbers. Criteria that are invalid for grading regression are pointed out. Results of the clincial testing of this grading system are presented. Diagn Cytopathol 1987;3:108‐111.
Crystallographic structures of the ligand-binding domains of the androgen receptor and its T877A mutant complexed with the natural agonist dihydrotestosterone

The structures of the ligand-binding domains (LBD) of the wild-type androgen receptor (AR) and the T877A mutant corresponding to that in LNCaP cells, both bound to dihydrotestosterone, have been refined at 2.0 Å resolution. In contrast to the homodimer seen in the retinoid-X receptor and estrogen receptor LBD structures, the AR LBD is monomeric, possibly because of the extended C terminus of AR, which lies in a groove at the dimerization interface. Binding of the natural ligand dihydrotestosterone by the mutant LBD involves interactions with the same residues as in the wild-type receptor, with the exception of the side chain of threonine 877, which is an alanine residue in the mutant. This structural difference in the binding pocket can explain the ability of the mutant AR found in LNCaP cells (T877A) to accommodate progesterone and other ligands that the wild-type receptor cannot.
The role of cholesterol efflux in mechanisms of endothelial protection by HDL

Purpose of review HDL and their main apolipoprotein (apo) constituent apoA-I are antiatherogenic. This has been predominantly attributed to the ability of apoA-I/HDL to efflux cholesterol from macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques. It is now emerging that a number of the protective properties of HDL may be due to their effects on the endothelium. Recent findings In addition to their well characterized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, apoA-I and HDL regulate several other key biological pathways known to preserve endothelial function and promote vascular repair. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, and the scavenger receptor B type 1 mediate multiple intracellular signaling pathways as well as the efflux of cholesterol and/or oxysterols in response to apoA-I/HDL. Although cholesterol efflux triggers a host of signaling events in endothelial cells, there is evidence that some of the beneficial actions of HDL may occur independently of efflux. Summary Current data suggest that in endothelial cells ABCA1 and ABCG1 mediate the activation of intracellular signaling pathways primarily through the efflux of cholesterol and oxysterols to apoA-I/HDL. Interaction between HDL and scavenger receptor B type 1 initiates the greatest number of known signaling pathways and there is evidence that some of these are activated independent of efflux.
NoRC—a novel member of mammalian ISWI‐containing chromatin remodeling machines

Transcription by RNA polymerase I on nucleosomal templates requires binding of the transcription termination factor TTF‐I to a cognate site 160 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Binding of TTF‐I is accompanied by changes in the chromatin architecture which suggests that TTF‐I recruits a remodeling activity to the rDNA promoter. We have cloned a cDNA that encodes TIP5 (TTF‐I‐interacting protein 5), a 205 kDa protein that shares a number of important protein domains with WSTF (Williams syndrome transcription factor) and hAcf1/WCRF180, the largest subunits of human chromatin remodeling complexes hCHRAC and WCRF. TIP5 co‐localizes with the basal RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF in the nucleolus and is associated with SNF2h. The cellular TIP5–SNF2h complex, termed NoRC (nucleolar remodeling complex), induces nucleosome sliding in an ATP‐ and histone H4 tail‐dependent fashion. The results suggest that NoRC is a novel nucleolar chromatin remodeling machine that may serve a role in the regulation of the rDNA locus.
Age-related changes in arm–hand postural knowledge

Cognitive changes have been reported during healthy ageing, but there have been no investigations of older people's knowledge of transitive and intransitive forelimb postures and movements. A total of 18 healthy elderly participants in two age groups, old (66–76 years) and older (77–88 years), all of whom performed normally on the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Boston Naming Test (BNT), performed a transitive and intransitive gesture postural discrimination test. Whereas there were no significant differences between the two groups in education or performance on the MMSE and BNT, the older group performed significantly worse on both transitive and intransitive posture recognition with more errors in the recognition of transitive than in the recognition of intransitive postures. However, the recognition of both transitive and intransitive declined with age at a similar rate. These results support the hypothesis that, with ageing, there is a decrement in the brain systems important in the recognition of transitive and intransitive posture.
Sistemas de diálogo basados en modelos estocásticos

En la presente tesis, titulada Sistemas de dialogo basados en modelos estocasticos , se expone el estado del arte en el area de los sistemas de dialogo y se presenta el trabajo realizado en el diseno e implementacion de los modulos de un sistema de dialogo determinado. La tesis se centra en el estudio de la gestion de dialogo desde una aproximacion estadistica. La tesis aporta el desarrollo de un sistema de dialogo completo (con entrada y salida de texto, en lengua espanola, y para una tarea de dominio semantico restringido, la definida en el proyecto de investigacion BASURDE). Dicho sistema esta constituido por los modulos de comprension del lenguaje natural, de gestion del dialogo y de generacion de respuestas en lenguaje natural. Dado el objetivo central de la tesis, el desarrollo del modulo gestor de dialogo ha sido el principal trabajo y, en consecuencia, es expuesto con la maxima amplitud en la presente memoria. El limitado tamano del corpus de dialogos de la tarea BASURDE ha supuesto una severa dificultad en el desarrollo de un gestor de dialogo basado exclusivamente en modelos estadisticos. El modulo gestor de dialogo finalmente implementado determina su estrategia de dialogo mediante la combinacion de varias fuentes de conocimiento: unas de caracter estocastico, los modelos aprendidos a partir del corpus; otras de aracter heuristico, reglas que incorporan conocimiento pragmatico y semantico, ya sea generico o especifico de la tarea. Por ultimo, se ha considerado la simulacion de los usuarios como una tecnica lternativa para fines como la evaluacion del comportamiento del sistema de dialogo, la ampliacion del corpus mediante dialogos sinteticos, o el aprendizaje dinamico de los modelos estocasticos de dialogo. Se han disenado e implementado los correspondientes modulos simuladores de usuario, estudiandose las posibilidades de esta tecnica.objetivo central de la tesis, el desarrollo del modulo gestor de dialogo ha sido el principal trabajo y, en onsecuencia
Levantamento do potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano de frutas nativas da Mata Atlântica no Estado do Paraná

Devido a grande importância dos antioxidantes para a saude dos humanos esta pesquisa visa levantar dados dos potenciais antioxidantes de sete frutas nativas da Mata Atlântica no Estado do Parana, atraves dos metodos DPPH e beta-caroteno/acido linoleico, alem da quantificacao de fenolicos totais, flavonoides, antocianinas e avaliacao da atividade antibacteriana dos extratos etanolicos das frutas. O resultado afirma que as frutas avaliadas possuem uma ampla variacao no conteudo de compostos fenolicos totais, flavonoides, antocianinas e sao uma fonte natural de antioxidantes, apresentam grande potencial para o processamento agroindustrial, sendo que a Jabuticaba e Uvaia apresentaram os maiores valores. Somente o extrato etanolico da Jabuticaba apresentou um leve efeito inibitorio contra Klebsiella pneumoniae.
MicroRNAs play a central role in molecular dysfunctions linking inflammation with cancer

It is now largely admitted that a pro‐inflammatory environment may curtail anti‐tumor immunity and favor cancer initiation and progression. The discovery that small non‐coding regulatory RNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate all aspects of cell proliferation, differentiation, and function has shed a new light on regulatory mechanisms linking inflammation and cancer. Thus, miRNAs such as miR‐21, miR‐125b, miR‐155, miR‐196, and miR‐210 that are critical for the immune response or hypoxia are often overexpressed in cancers and leukemias. Given the high number of their target transcripts, their deregulation may have a number of deleterious consequences, depending on the cellular context. In this review, we focus on how the factors encoded by transcripts targeted by these five miRNAs, be they transcription factors, tumor‐suppressors, or regulators of different signaling pathways, can deregulate the immune response and favor pro‐tumor immunity. Furthermore, we expose how the misdirected action of the main regulators of these miRNAs, such as nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB), activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), and signal transduction and activators of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, or AKT and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways, can contribute to decrease anti‐tumor immunity and enhance cell proliferation and oncogenesis. We conclude by briefly discussing about how these discoveries may possibly lead to the development of new miRNA‐based cancer therapies.
Loop-Free Forwarding in Hierarchical Location-Based Routing

Hierarchical location-based addressing has been proposed to address the scalability issue of today's Internet. However, there has been little focus on how to implement the forwarding plane for the addressing scheme. In this paper, we investigate the risk that location-based addressing poses to the forwarding plane. We find that permanent forwarding loops can occur in hierarchical location-based routing. We present a new loop-free forwarding mechanism to guarantee routing stability. We evaluate the performance of the new forwarding mechanism. The results demonstrate that proposed forwarding method can enhance the recovery mechanisms proposed by previous work.
Analysis of the interaction of a hybrid system consisting of bovine adrenodoxin reductase and flavodoxin from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119

The mitochondrial steroid-hydroxylating system in vertebrates and the NADPH producing electron transfer chain in photosynthetic organisms contain structurally and functionally similar components. Examination of a potential hybrid reconstitution of the electron transfer chain between different components of both systems could help to improve our knowledge on protein–protein interaction and subsequent electron transfer. Here we analyzed the interaction between bovine adrenodoxin reductase and flavodoxin from the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7119. Optical biosensor as well as steady state and fast kinetic experiments showed their ability to form distinct productive complexes. Compared with the corresponding physiological systems the electron transfer is rather slow, probably due to the lack of specificity at the interaction surface. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Breastfeeding and food pattern in overweight children in the Caribbean

Abstract Background: As in most countries around the globe, overweight and obesity are a major threat to public health on the Caribbean island of Aruba. Increasing evidence confirms that breastfeeding protects against overweight and obesity. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the association between breastfeeding and obesity. One possibility is that breastfed infants are better able to control their meal size and intervals than formula-fed infants. This might lead to a healthier diet in later life and protect against overweight and obesity. Objective: To determine the relationship between breastfeeding, food pattern and being overweight in the Caribbean. Methods: In a cross-sectional school-based study in 2004–2005, weight and height were measured by two research assistants in 1776 children aged 6–11 years on Aruba, an island in the Caribbean. BMI was defined according to guidelines by the International Obesity Task Force. Parents completed a questionnaire pertaining to breastfeeding and dietary food pattern. Results: 1451/1776 (81·7%) children were breastfed; 851/1766 (47·9%) children were breastfed for <4 months, 227/1776 (12·8%) for 4–6 months and 373/1776 (21·0%) for ≧6 months. Children who were breastfed for ≧4 months had lower odds (OR 0·32, 95%CI 0·25–0·40) of being overweight including obesity than those who either were not breastfed or who were breastfed for <4 months. Children who were breastfed for ≧4 months were more likely to have a structured food pattern of six eating moments a day (OR 7·43, 95% CI 5·87–9·39, P<0·001) and to have breakfast every day (OR 2·86, 95% CI 2·17–3·78, P<0·001) than those who were not or who were breastfed for <4 months. Conclusions: Breastfeeding for ≧4 months is associated with a structured food pattern (six eating moments a day including a daily breakfast) and carries a strikingly lower risk of overweight in children. Promoting prolonged breastfeeding together with a focus on a subsequent structured food pattern could be a cheap method of preventing overweight.
Schema Poetics and Speculative Cosmology

Speculative cosmology is a sub-genre of science fiction that particularly focuses on the difficulties for the deployment of existing knowledge in reading. This article assesses the usefulness of competing models of world-monitoring in order to arrive at a usable framework for discussing the particular issues in science fictional reading. It is suggested that schema theory, while containing many flaws in general, nevertheless offers an appropriate degree of delicacy for the exploration of sf. Schema poetics - the application of the theory to the literary context - is used to discuss speculative cosmology, with a focus on the work of the Australian sf writer Greg Egan. The analysis investigates the connection between stylistic form and schema operation, and proposes an explanation of `plausibility'. Specifically, sf tends to provide a readerly counterpart in the text, and thereby dramatizes schema refreshment as if it were mere schema accretion.
Uma Ferramenta para Apoio à Rastreabilidade de Software

Manter a rastreabilidade entre os diversos artefatos no desenvolvimento de software e, muitas vezes, uma tarefa dificil e sujeita a falhas, gerando resistencias por parte dos desenvolvedores na manutencao desse tipo de documentacao. Ferramentas que apoiam essa atividade em geral nao sao voltadas especificamente para os desenvolvedores. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento de uma integracao entre uma IDE e uma ferramenta de modelagem para facilitar a manutencao da rastreabilidade vertical. O plug-in desenvolvido e aplicado em um estudo de caso em uma empresa de desenvolvimento de software e os resultados observados e licoes aprendidas apontam indicios de que o plug-in facilita a manutencao da rastreabilidade vertical.
The Relationship between Urban Land Surface Material Fractions and Brightness Temperature Based on MESMA

The relationship between urban land surface material fractions (ULSMFs) and brightness temperature has long attracted attention in research on urban environments. In this paper, a multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) method was applied to extract vegetation-impervious surface-soil (V-I-S) fractions in each pixel, and the surface brightness temperature was derived by using the radiation in the upper atmosphere, on the basis of Landsat 8 images. Then, a clustering analysis, ternary triangular chart (TTC), and a multivariate statistical analysis were applied to ascertain the relationship between the fractions in each pixel and the land surface brightness temperature (LSBT). The hypsometric TTC, as well as the geographical distribution features of the LSBT, revealed that the changes in LSBT were associated with the high fractions of impervious surfaces (or vegetation), in addition to the temperature distribution differences across locations with varying land-cover types. The data fitting results showed that the comprehensive endmember fractions of V-I-S explained 98.6% of fluctuating LSBT, and the impervious surface fraction had a positive impact on the LSBT, whereas the fraction of vegetation had a negative impact on the LSBT.
Prognostic Value of Mean Platelet Volume in Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome

The aim of this study is to determine mean platelet volume (MPV) in a population with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (nSTEACS) and explore its relation with prognosis. Patients (n = 329) with a diagnosis of nSTEACS at admission were recruited, with a determination of MPV in the first 12 hours at admission. We also collected blood from 87 healthy controls. A composite end point of cardiovascular death and new ACS was assessed at 6-month follow-up. Patients with nSTEACS showed larger platelets (MPV: 11.0 [10.3-11.8] vs 9.2 [8.6-10.0] fL; P < .001.). In Cox regression analysis, MPV at admission was a significant predictor of cardiovascular adverse events in univariate analysis, hazard ratio (HR) 1.4 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.8; P = . 018; but after adjustment with clinical variables, MPV lost its statistical significance. In conclusion, patients with nSTEACS present with larger platelets than healthy controls, however this parameter did not show an independent prognostic significance at 6-month follow-up.
Efficiently Synchronized Spread-Spectrum Audio Watermarking with Improved Psychoacoustic Model

This paper presents an audio watermarking scheme which is based on an efficiently synchronized spread-spectrum technique and a new psychoacoustic model computed using the discrete wavelet packet transform. The psychoacoustic model takes advantage of the multiresolution analysis of a wavelet transform, which closely approximates the standard critical band partition. The goal of this model is to include an accurate time-frequency analysis and to calculate both the frequency and temporal masking thresholds directly in the wavelet domain. Experimental results show that this watermarking scheme can successfully embed watermarks into digital audio without introducing audible distortion. Several common watermark attacks were applied and the results indicate that the method is very robust to those attacks.
Reduced Radial Displacement of the Gastrocnemius Medialis Muscle After Electrically Elicited Fatigue.

CONTEXT Assessments of skeletal-muscle functional capacity often necessitate maximal contractile effort, which exacerbates muscle fatigue or injury. Tensiomyography (TMG) has been investigated as a means to assess muscle contractile function after fatigue; however, observations have not been contextualized by concurrent physiological measures. OBJECTIVE To measure peripheral-fatigue-induced alterations in mechanical and contractile properties of the plantar-flexor muscles through noninvasive TMG concurrently with maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and passive muscle tension (PMT) to validate TMG as a gauge of peripheral fatigue. DESIGN Pre- and posttest intervention with control. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 21 healthy male volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Subjects' plantar flexors were tested for TMG parameters, along with MVC and PMT, before and after either a 5-min rest period (control) or a 5-min electrical-stimulation intervention (fatigue). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Temporal (contraction velocity) and spatial (radial displacement) contractile parameters of the gastrocnemius medialis were recorded through TMG. MVC was measured as an indicator of muscle fatigue, and PMT was measured to assess muscle stiffness. RESULTS Radial displacement demonstrated a fatigue-associated reduction (3.3 ± 1.2 vs 4.0 ± 1.4 mm, P = .031), while contraction velocity remained unaltered. In addition, MVC significantly declined by 122.6 ± 104 N (P < .001) after stimulation (fatigue). PMT was significantly increased after fatigue (139.8 ± 54.3 vs 111.3 ± 44.6 N, P = .007). CONCLUSION TMG successfully detected fatigue, evident from reduced MVC, by displaying impaired muscle displacement accompanied by elevated PMT. TMG could be useful in establishing skeletal-muscle fatigue status without exacerbating the functional decrement of the muscle.