Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optimal Parallel Algorithm for Constructing a Spanning Tree on Circular Permutation Graphs

The spanning tree problem is to find a tree that connects all the vertices of G. This problem has many applications, such as electric power systems, computer network design and circuit analysis. Klein and Stein demonstrated that a spanning tree can be found in O(log n) time with O(n + m) processors on the CRCW PRAM. In general, it is known that more efficient parallel algorithms can be developed by restricting classes of graphs. Circular permutation graphs properly contain the set of permutation graphs as a subclass and are first introduced by Rotem and Urrutia. They provided O(n2.376) time recognition algorithm. Circular permutation graphs and their models find several applications in VLSI layout. In this paper, we propose an optimal parallel algorithm for constructing a spanning tree on circular permutation graphs. It runs in O(log n) time with O(n/ log n) processors on the EREW PRAM.
A DC link switch-based common mode voltage reduction scheme in PWM inverter drives

Conventional pulse width modulation (PWM) methods for inverter application have the drawback of common mode voltage (CMV) issues, mainly due to the zero states when all the motor phases are clamped to the DC source or ground. A new three-phase voltage source inverter topology is proposed in this paper. The topology employs two switches on the DC link. A forced zero state (FZS) can be obtained when the DC-link switches are turned off. With the proposed topology, FZS space vector PWM (FZS-SVPWM) and FZS discontinuous PWM (FZS-DPWM) can be derived from conventional SVPWM and DPWM, respectively. The FZS-SVPWM and FZS-DPWM methods are effective in the CMV reduction aspect, whilst have the advantage of lower current ripple and acoustic noise than the existing reduced CMV PWM methods. Moreover, an FZS optimized PWM (FZSOPWM) is also proposed to improve performance. Simulation and experiment results validate the CMV and common mode current (CMC) reduction effect as well as the acoustic noise performance. The proposed topology is effective when both the low CMV/CMC and the low current ripple or acoustic noise are highly required.
Income Risk and Schooling Decisions in Burkina Faso

There is a large literature which explores how negative income shocks impact human capital accumulation (especially education) when financial markets are incomplete and households can neither insure nor borrow to smooth their consumption. The main conclusion is that households in these circumstances allocate child time to more labor and to less schooling. Such ex-post use of child time as a self-insurance mechanism translates into lower human capital (lower years of education completed) over time which is detrimental to economic growth. There has been, however, little research on the cumulative effects of (perceived) income uncertainty on child education. The intuition is that households that face more a volatile income stream have greater incentives to build up a buffer stock to insure against unforeseen adverse shocks, and non-enrollment can be part of such strategy. This paper fills this gap on the literature which focuses on income shocks and education in developing countries. The empirical work uses data from rural Burkina Faso, an environment where school enrollment rates are low and households face frequent income shocks. Controlling for current economic shocks, household wealth levels and child characteristics, I find that income uncertainty (expressed as income variance) consistently reduces a number of education outcomes, including current enrollment status, education expenditures per child, the number of years of education completed and the probability of having been ever enrolled. The estimation results suggest that income uncertainty might have large welfare costs in terms of human capital.
Experimental study of wall boundary conditions for large-eddy simulation

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the wall boundary condition for large-eddy simulation (LES) of a turbulent boundary layer at Rθ = 3500. Most boundary condition formulations for LES require the specification of the instantaneous filtered wall shear stress field based upon the filtered velocity field at the closest grid point above the wall. Three conventional boundary conditions are tested using simultaneously obtained filtered wall shear stress and streamwise and wall-normal velocities, at locations nominally within the log region of the flow. This was done using arrays of hot-film sensors and X-wire probes. The results indicate that models based on streamwise velocity perform better than those using the wall-normal velocity, but overall significant discrepancies were found for all three models. A new model is proposed which gives better agreement with the shear stress measured at the wall. The new model is also based on the streamwise velocity but is formulated so as to be consistent with ‘outer-flow’ scaling similarity of the streamwise velocity spectra. It is therefore expected to be more generally applicable over a larger range of Reynolds numbers at any first-grid position within the log region of the boundary layer.
[CD56 and CD11b antigen expressions in patients with acute monocytic leukemia and the clinical implications].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expressions of cell surface differentiation antigen CD56 and CD11b antigen in acute monocytic leukemic (AML-M(5)) cells and their clinical significance. METHODS A total of 113 cases of de nove adult AML-M(5) were examined genetically and immunologically using G-banding technique, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) and flow cytometry immunophenotyping, and the results were analyzed in relation to their clinical data. RESULTS Of the 113 cases, the expression rates of CD56 and CD11b was 28.32% and 73.45%, respectively. The CD56(+) patients had high CD11b expression, and the expression levels of CD11b and CD56 were positively correlated (P<0.05). The incidence of karyotypic abnormalities was 48.57% (55 cases) in these patients, including 25 (22.12%) with 11q23 aberrations. Twenty-five cases were positive for MLL gene abnormalities as found by I-FISH analysis. Compared with the patients positive for both CD56 and CD11b, those negative for both CD56 and CD11b showed increased peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) count and also increased blast and progenitor cells in the bone marrow (P<0.05); the former patients often had karyotypic abnormalities, commonly involving 11q23 aberrations (P<0.05), whereas the latter patients presented more likely with extramedullary infiltration and refractory leukemia (P<0.01) with lowered complete remission rate and shortened median survival time (P<0.01). CD56-positive patients were more likely to have karyotypic abnormalities and refractory leukemia than CD11b-postive patients (P<0.05), but the peripheral blood WBC counts, bone marrow blast and progenitor cells, extramedullary infiltration, complete remission rate or median survival time showed no significant differences between them (P>0.05). CONCLUSION AML-M(5) patients with CD56 positivity and high expression of CD11b often have aberrant karyotypes, commonly involving 11q23/MLL gene abnormality. These patients frequently develop extramedullary infiltration and refractory leukemia often with poor prognosis.
Social Capital and Buyer-Supplier Degree Symmetry: Impact on Relationship Satisfaction

Social capital represents an emerging theoretical lens for studying buyer-supplier relationships. This paper proposes a model of social capital and its influence on knowledge-sharing routines. The outcome of the model is relationship satisfaction. This research uses dyadic data to ensure that both buyer and supplier perspectives are included in the analysis. Specifically, the research calculates degree symmetry and degree value measures to evaluate the conceptual model within the framework of dyadic relationships between buyers and suppliers. The contributions to the literature include increased understanding of the impact of social capital on knowledge-sharing and perceived relationship satisfaction as well as the use of a dyadic research methodology to incorporate both buyer and supplier perspectives. The results illustrate that social capital elements (e.g., trust and shared vision) positively influence the development of knowledge- sharing routines between buyers and suppliers (namely information sharing and cooperative effort). Knowledge- sharing routines positively impact the level of satisfaction with the buyer-supplier relationship.
The Relationship between Variable Remuneration, Organizational Strategy, and Firm Performance

This study examined the relationship between variable remuneration, organizational strategy, and firm performance. Companies with implemented profit-sharing/gain-sharing programs were chosen as the study's focus, and Porter strategy vision was utilized. Financial and non-financial value drivers measured firm performance. The 79 companies of the sample were medium and large-sized firms, from the industrial sector, and located in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo. The analysis of the study data indicated a statistically significant relationship between profit-sharing/gain-sharing programs, and value drivers. The performance of the non-financial value drivers is the most favorably influenced by the implementation of profit-sharing/gain-sharing programs, and productivity is the most highly influenced of all the value drivers evaluated in this study. In spite of the fact that the descriptive analysis showed a relationship between profit-sharing/gain-sharing programs, organizational strategy, and value drivers, it was not possible to find statistically significant evidence to confirm the existence of such a relationship.
FEDERATION OF TRANSIT AGENCIES AS A SOLUTION FOR SERVICE INTEGRATION

This article analyzes the reasons for inadequate organization of public transit services in urban areas. It also explores its consequences and their importance. A number of possible solutions for the problem are examined, but none are found simple and easy to achieve. The paper suggests that public officials and transit operators in American cities need to undertake detailed studies of the usefulness of the transit federation concept to integrate their urban public transit systems. Careful preparation of this kind should precede any attempt to introduce this new organization onto the American scene.
Problems and prospects of primary education in Mathura district: A geographical analysis

Distribution and availability of primary education act as a vital factor in regional as well as human resource development. The present paper aims at assessing spatial problems of primary education among the blocks of Mathura district. This study was based on secondary sources of data. A total of eighteen selected variables were grouped into the three categories of primary educational attainment, primary educational facilities and socio-economic development. Statistical techniques like composite zscore and correlation have been applied to the data sets. The study revealed that at the block level there was unequal distribution of attainment in primary education. It is also interesting to note that the low level of attainment in primary education was mainly due to the socio-economic conditions of people rather than the educational facilities available in the blocks.
A further exploration into information systems development: the evolution of Multiview2

Multiview was defined in 1985 and has been since refined to become an influential approach to information systems development. It has soft and hard aspects and, as a contingency approach, is not prescriptive but adapted to the particular situation in the organization and the application. Observations and reflections on Multiview in action over the last ten years together with more recent literature based on, for example, holism, emergence, multi‐causality, ethical analysis and technology foresight, form the basis for a new definition of Multiview. Changes in the domain of information systems are also taken into account. Away from centralized technology, long lead times and hierarchical organizations, towards networks, new organizational forms, business processes, informational products and services, and the removal of time and space constraints on human activity. This paper underlines the need for IS researchers to learn about methodologies as they are used in practice (rather than as described in text books) and for methodologies to evolve in response to changes in the domain in which they are applied.
Effects of soybean isoflavones on cell growth and apoptosis of the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have suggested that soybean isoflavones are associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms of prostate cancer prevention by soybean isoflavones have yet to be fully clarified. METHODS Two soybean isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) and their glucosides (genistin and daidzin) were tested for their effects on cell growth and apoptosis of the LNCaP human prostatic cancer cell line. RESULTS Among these isoflavones, genistein was found to inhibit the growth of LNCaP most effectively, with an IC50 value of 40 microM. The inhibition of cell growth by genistein was accompanied by the suppression of DNA synthesis and the induction of apoptosis. Expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in LNCaP was also significantly reduced by the treatment with genistein. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that genistein might primarily influence human prostate cancer development by reducing tumor growth.
Lumbar interlaminar epidural injections are superior to caudal epidural injections in managing lumbar central spinal stenosis.

BACKGROUND Epidural injections are performed to manage lumbar central spinal stenosis pain utilizing caudal, interlaminar, and transforaminal approaches. The literature on the efficacy of epidural injections in managing lumbar central spinal stenosis pain is sparse; lacking multiple, high quality randomized trials with long-term follow-up. METHODS Two randomized controlled trials of the caudal and lumbar interlaminar approaches that assessed 220 patients with lumbar central spinal stenosis were analyzed. RESULTS The analysis found efficacy for both caudal and interlaminar approaches in managing chronic pain and disability from central spinal stenosis was demonstrated. In the patients responsive to treatment, those with at least 3 weeks of improvement with the first 2 procedures, 51% reported significant improvement with caudal epidural injections, whereas it was 84% with local anesthetic only with interlaminar epidurals, 57% with caudal and 83% with lumbar interlaminar with local anesthetic with steroid. The response rate was 38% with caudal and 72% with lumbar interlaminar with local anesthetic only and 44% with caudal and 73% with lumbar interlaminar with local anesthetic with steroid when all patients were considered. In the interlaminar approach, results were superior for pain relief and functional status with fewer nonresponsive patients compared to the caudal approach. LIMITATIONS The data was derived from 2 previously published randomized, controlled trials rather than comparing 2 techniques in one randomized controlled trial. Further, the randomized controlled trials were active control trials without a placebo. CONCLUSIONS The results of this assessment showed significant improvement in patients suffering with chronic lumbar spinal stenosis with caudal and interlaminar epidural approaches with local anesthetic only, or with steroids in a long-term follow-up of up to 2 years, in contemporary interventional pain management setting, with the interlaminar approach providing significantly better results.
Automatic Twitter Response Generator

Since the beginning of chatbots, the most common techniques used for simulating conversation has been different pattern matching-techniques. This is a study of possible alternative methods and an attempt of implementation. As the research of natural language processing is rapidly progressing, the aim of this report is to clarify current techniques and what could possibly be achieved by adapting recent findings on the area. A combination of part-of-speech tagging, methods for information retrieval and known methods for generating language are covered and described of how it could be of use. An implementation is reviewed and compared to traditional programs. The final conclusion states that the implementation is not as satisfying as chatbots using elaborated pattern matching-techniques. However, it is concluded that the new methods covered are more likely to be part of future chatbots considering the progress of natural language processing.
Racialized Groups: The Sociohistorical Consensus

In the past decade, debates about the status and character of 'race' within philosophy have been dominated by philosophers of language, of biology, and of science, and metaphysicians. I here propose a viewpoint on the race debate arising from within social philosophy and the sociohistorical study of race. There is general agreement among race scholars in many different disciplines that the groups conventionally referred to with racial terminology-'blacks', 'whites', 'Asians' and so forth-were in the nineteenth and through much, perhaps most, of the twentieth century generally thought of as actual races. That is, they were thought of as groups that possessed something like the following characteristics: (1) mental and temperamental qualities specific to their group, that are (2) inherent in the biological make-up of members of the group. (These qualities are now sometimes referred to as 'racial essences'.) (3) The qualities are passed from one generation to the next by a biological mechanism (which, later in the period in question, was assumed to be genetic in character). (4) These qualitative differences are fixed and unchangeable, as a result of their biological grounding. (5) The groups also differ in certain phenotypic qualities such as hair texture and skin color; so these external features can serve as signs of the possession of the internal psychological or behavioral characteristics. And (6) in virtue of the imputed characteristics, the groups can be ranked in order of superiority and inferiority with respect to important human characteristics. Let us refer to beliefs 1 through 6 as 'classic racist ideology'. It is now conventional to refer to 1 through 5 as 'racialism' (although this terminology does not derive from the period of classic racist ideology), and I will do SO.I And let me call 'blacks', 'whites', 'Asians', and so forth 'classic racial groups', that is, groups of whom classic racist ideology was once widely thought to be true.
Algorithm for selection of domestic solid waste disposal site in developing countries

Abstract In this paper, the problem of selecting an appropriate site for domestic solid waste disposal in developing countries is addressed. Different parameters for selecting safe waste disposal sites are introduced. These parameters are weighted both internally and externally depending on their importance and the conditions in a specific country. An algorithm and a corresponding user-friendly software package helping in the selection of the most appropriate site are developed.
ST-T segment change recognition using artificial neural networks and principal component analysis

Any ST-T segment was here represented by using the principal component analysis, or Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT). A representative KL basis set was built from a database containing more than 97000 normal and abnormal ST-T segments. So it was possible to concentrate the 90% of the ST-T signal energy in the first KL coefficients. For the evaluation, the ST-T European Database was chosen, because of its large amount of ischemic episodes. The baseline was removed by using a cubic spline and an adaptive filter was applied in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the final KL series, delivering an improvement of about 10 dB. Then a 3-layers feedforward neural network trained with backpropagation, was applied to the KL series to recognize ST-T level changes. Each input pattern consisted of 28 features, representing 7 ST-T segments, each one described by means of its first 4 KL coefficients. 3 output units were designed, one to describe ST depression, one ST elevation, and one to represent artefacts. The use of principal component analysis and of artificial neural networks allowed us to obtain a sensitivity of 77% and a positive predictive accuracy of 86% on the test set.
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF NICOTINE: EFFECTS ON THE AUTOREGULATION OF ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE BY SUBSTANCE P AND METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN IN RODENT CEREBRAL SLICES AND TOXICOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

1. The neuronal release of acetylcholine (ACh) and its autoregulation by neuromodulators, substance P (SP) and methionine enkephalin (MEK), have been studied using super‐fused rodent cerebral slices. Nicotine exerts significant effects on autoregulation of ACh release, which may have toxicological implications.
A TECHNIQUE FOR VISUAL QUALITY ENHANCEMENT IN CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY IMAGES USING CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT ALGORITHMS

Capsule Endoscopy is a kind of technology that uses tiny disposable capsule which transmits captured images wirelessly of entire gastro-intestinal tract. The motive of proposed method is to enhance the visual quality in the capsule endoscopy images which is critical mainly for diagnosis. In this paper, primarily median filtering is done to reduce the noise. Next, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) technique is used to boost the local details visibility by improving the contrast of its local regions. Then it is followed by unsharp filtering, used to sharpen the obtained image. Finally, contrast stretching is used for adjusting the contrast of the image. This yields the enhanced image which highlights more details as well as improves the overall contrast, which is very helpful for diagnosis.
Lessons from a cross-cultural online learning community

This article seeks to explore the practical, cultural and educational effects of information and communication technology support and the computer mediated communication of doctoral candidates from cross-cultural backgrounds in an asynchronous online learning environment. The history of educational development is replete with technology-based projects that failed because of high operating costs, problems of adaptation to local conditions, lack of skilled personnel to operate the technologies, and lack of effectiveness. The challenge has been how to facilitate learning contexts that are productive for the individual learner. This investigation provided insights for the managers of the Norwegian Council for Higher Education's Programme for Development Research and Education (NUFU) Productive Learning Culture project on the challenges of such a project. Four lessons from this research emerged on cross-cultural learning communities, and have bearing on technology, project management, online learning communities, and cross-cultural issues.
A Study on the Influence of Knowledge Management Activity Affecting Management Performance : Based on the Leading Corporation in Busan

ㄴ Nowadays many companies expect to apply knowledge management mechanism for the explicit business performance improvement. Because peoples who employees are the understanding of knowledge contribution in the organization should try to achieve goal through the effective knowledge management activities. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of major factors to support the performance of knowledge management in the company by using structural equation modeling. From the empirical result of this study with 485 leading corporation in Busan , we came to know that the infrastructure of knowledge management has influence on knowledge sharing and creating mechanism related to knowledge management activities. And , the knowledge management activities has positive influence on internal and external customer’ satisfaction , and firm’s social responsibility.