Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversité de réactions à l'emprisonnement prolongé : Conséquences pour la gestion des détenus condamnés à de longues peines

Les opinions exprimees dans le present rapport sont celles des auteurs; elles ne refletent pas necessairement les vues ni les politiques du Service correctionnel du Canada. Ce rapport est egalement disponible en anglais. This report is also available in English. On peut se le procurer en s'adressant a la Direction des communications, Service correctionnel du Canada, 340 ouest, avenue Laurier, Ottawa (Ontario) K1A 0P9.
Inhibiting IL‐1 signaling pathways to inhibit catabolic processes in disc degeneration

Intervertebral disc degeneration is characterized by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic signaling, with an increase in catabolic cytokines particularly IL‐1β, a key regulator of IVD degeneration. This study aimed to investigate intracellular signaling pathways activated by IL‐1β, and GDF‐5 in the degenerate IVD to identify potential new therapeutic targets. Human NP cells were cultured in alginate beads to regain in vivo phenotype prior to stimulation with IL‐1β or GDF‐5 for 30 min, a proteasome profiler array was initially utilized to screen activation status of 46 signaling proteins. Immunoflourescence was used to investigate activation of the NFκB pathway. Cell‐based ELISAs were then deployed to confirm results for ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, c‐jun, and IκB signaling. IHC was utilized to investigate native activation status within human IVD tissue between grades of degeneration. Finally, cells were stimulated with IL‐1β in the absence or presence of p38 MAPK, c‐jun, JNK, and NFκB inhibitors to investigate effects on MMP3, MMP13, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 mRNA expression. This study demonstrated three key signaling pathways which were differentially activated by IL‐1β but not GDF‐5; namely p38 MAPK, c‐jun, and NFκB. While ERK 1/2 was activated by both GDF‐5 and IL‐1. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated p38 MAPK, c‐jun, and NFκB were activated during human IVD degeneration and inhibition of these pathways reduced or abrogated the catabolic effects of IL‐1β, with inhibition of NFκB signaling demonstrating most widespread inhibition of IL‐1β catabolic effects. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:74–85, 2017.
Word-form dyslexia.

In this study we have reported our investigation of two patients with an acquired dyslexia characterized by letter-by-letter reading, whole word reading being apparently impossible. It has been shown that this phenomenon of letter-by-letter reading cannot be accounted for by visual or perceptual factors nor by impairment of visual span of apprehension. The exceptionally slow speed of reading was documented and a clear relationship between word length and reading speed established. Performance on tasks considered to maximize whole word reading which at the same time prevent the possibility of letter-by-letter reading, namely, reading script and reading with tachistoscopic presentation, was impaired. The satisfactory performance of these two patients on tasks of picture interpretation suggests that the two components of the syndrome simultanagnosia, letter-by-letter reading and piecemeal perception of complex scenes, are dissociable. Three alternative explanations of letter-by-letter reading are considered and we conclude that in this type of acquired dyslexia there is damage to the system through which a visual word-form is attained.
Attribution Using Keyboard Row Based Behavioural Biometrics for Handedness Recognition

In cases where an unknown intruder is using a computer we are often left attempting to attribute who they are. By using behavioural biometrics we can attempt to derive traits based on keystroke dynamics. Using hold times of keys, which we average and split into six groups based on rows and hand, we examine our ability to detect handedness. We present a novel method of identifying handedness and compare this to J48, Neural Network, and Random Forest machine learning algorithms. We find Random Forest the most effective method for handedness detection with an accuracy of 94.5% and a Kappa of 0.79. To our knowledge this is the best result achieved in handedness detection, and the only work using behavioural biometrics to identify handedness in long text.
Multi-Perspective Exploratory Analysis of Software Development Data

In this paper, we present Dominoes, an approach for analyzing software repositories with thousands of artifacts by considering multiple perspectives of the software development data. In order to achieve computational power we model the data and its relationships as matrices, making possible to efficiently process them with a GPUs (Graphics Processing Unit) based architectures. Dominoes can support automated exploration of different relationships among project artifacts, where users have the flexibility to interactively combine and compose them. Our solution organizes data extracted from software repositories into multiple matrices that can be treated as domino pieces (e.g. [commit|method]). The connection of such pieces corresponds to a set of matrices operations, which derive additional domino pieces. These derived domino pieces represent specific project entity relationships (e.g. number of commits in which two methods co-occurred) and can be used for further explorations. As an evaluation of the Dominoes framework we present two exploratory case studies based on Apache Derby. First, we use Dominoes to show how dependencies among artifacts can be derived. Then, we identify expertise of developers by considering the commits that developers make to artifacts. We show that identifying relationships among 34,335 elements along 7,578 commits takes about 0.2 minutes in GPU, while the same processing in CPU takes about 413 minutes. Besides, identifying expertise of developer on a set of 34,335 files and 36 developers takes about 0.1 minute in GPU, whereas in CPU it takes 324 minutes.
From affect programs to dynamical discrete emotions

According to Discrete Emotion Theory, a number of emotions are distinguishable on the basis of neural, physiological, behavioral and expressive features. Critics of this view emphasize the variability and context-sensitivity of emotions. This paper discusses some of these criticisms, and argues that they do not undermine the claim that emotions are discrete. This paper also presents some works in dynamical affective science, and argues that to conceive of discrete emotions as self-organizing and softly assembled patterns of various processes accounts more naturally than traditional Discrete Emotion Theory for the variability and context-sensitivity of emotions.
A novel fibrin gel derived from hyaluronic acid-grafted fibrinogen

Fibrinogen is a major plasma protein that forms a three-dimensional fibrin gel upon being activated by thrombin. In this study, we report the synthesis and potential applications of hybrid molecules composed of fibrinogen coupled to the reducing ends of short-chain hyaluronic acids (sHAs) by reductive amination. The grafting of sHAs to fibrinogen was verified by analyzing particle size, zeta potential and gel-electrophoretic mobility of the hybrid molecules. The sHA–fibrinogen hybrid molecules with graft ratios (sHA/fibrinogen) of up to 6.5 retained the ability to form gels in response to thrombin activation. The sHA–fibrin gels were transparent in appearance and exhibited high water content, which were characteristics distinct from those of gels formed by mixtures of sHAs and fibrinogen. The potential applications of the sHA–fibrin gels were evaluated. The sHA–fibrinogen gel with a graft ratio of 3.6 (S3.6F) was examined for its ability to encapsulate and support the differentiation of ATDC5 chondrocyte-like cells. Compared with the fibrinogen-formed gel, cells cultured in the S3.6F gel exhibited increased lacunae formation; moreover, the abundance of cartilaginous extracellular matrix molecules and the expression of chondrocyte marker genes, such as aggrecan, collagen II and Sox9, were also significantly increased. Our data suggest that the three-dimensional gel formed by the sHA–fibrinogen hybrid is a better support than the fibrin gel for chondrogenesis induction.
A Novel TATA-Binding Protein-Binding Protein, ABT1, Activates Basal Transcription and Has a Yeast Homolog That Is Essential for Growth

ABSTRACT Identification of a novel mouse nuclear protein termed activator of basal transcription 1 (mABT1) that associates with the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and enhances basal transcription activity of class II promoters is described. We also identify mABT1 homologous counterparts in Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and show the homologous yeast gene to be essential for growth. The mABT1 associated with TBP in HeLa nuclear extracts and with purified mouse TBP in vitro. In addition, ectopically expressed mABT1 was coimmunoprecipitated with endogenous TBP in transfected cells. More importantly, mABT1 significantly enhanced transcription from an adenovirus major late promoter in a reconstituted cell-free system. We furthermore demonstrate that mABT1 consistently enhanced transcription from a reporter gene with a minimal core promoter as well as from reporter genes with various enhancer elements in a cotransfection assay. Taken together, these results suggest that mABT1 is a novel TBP-binding protein which can function as a basal transcription activator.
A novel type-2 fuzzy logic control of induction motor drive using space vector PWM

This paper presents space vector PWM (SVPWM) technique for Scalar Control of induction motor drive, SVPWM gives the lower ripples in current and voltage with low torque distortion, further the switching losses are reduced for a given switching frequency due to single switching transition takes place in each state of the vector. The PI-control (PIC) doesn't give the good dynamic performance of the induction motor drive using two level Voltage Source Inverter due to sudden changes in the load and speed. Further to improve dynamic performance in the torque and Flux of induction motor drive is simulated using type-2 fuzzy logic control, which is replaced by PI-Control. The concept of type-2 fuzzy set was initially proposed is an extension of classical (type-1) fuzzy sets. Type-2 fuzzy sets are very useful in circumstances where it is difficult to determine an exact membership function for a fuzzy set; hence they are very effective for dealing with uncertainties. However, type-2 fuzzy sets are more difficult to understand than type-1 fuzzy sets. Even in the face of these difficulties, type-2 fuzzy logic has found applications in many fields like decision making in critical load.
A current-starved inverter-based differential amplifier design for ultra-low power applications

As silicon feature sizes decrease, more complex circui try arrays can now be contrived on a single die. This increase in the number of on-chip devices per unit area results in increased power dissipation per unit area. In order to meet certain power and operating temperature specifications, circuit design necessitates a focus on power efficiency, which is especially important in systems employing hundreds or thousands of instances of the same device. In large arrays, a slight increase in the power efficiency of a single component is heightened by the number of instances of the device in the system. This paper proposes a fully differential, low-power current-starving inverter-based amplifier topology designed in a commercial 0. 18μm process. This design achieves 46dB DC gain and a 464 kHz uni ty gain frequency with a power consumption of only 145.32nW at 700mV power supply vol tage for ultra-low power, low bandwidth applications. Higher bandwidth designs are also proposed, including a 48dB DC gain, 2.4 MHz unity-gain frequency amplifier operating at 900mV wi th only 3. 74μW power consumption.
Maximal preservation time of tracheal allografts. The Paris-Sud University Lung Transplantation Group.

BACKGROUND Our objective was to study the maximal preservation time of directly revascularized tracheal allografts in immunosuppressed piglets. METHODS Donor grafts were flushed with Euro-Collins solution (65 mL/kg at 4 degrees C) by simultaneous inferior thyroid artery and bronchial artery perfusion through a 15-cm aortic segment and heterotopically implanted on their own vascular pedicle after 3 (group 1), 6 (group 2), 15 (group 3), and 24 (group 4) hours of static storage in Euro-Collins solution at 4 degrees C (n = 5 each). The animals were observed for 4 weeks after transplantation and then sacrificed. Histologic evaluation of the tracheal allografts was routinely done using specimens from open biopsies. RESULTS The overall length of tracheal grafts was 12.4 +/- 0.6 cm, and this variable was not significantly different between the four groups. Graft exocrine (mucous secretion) function began 1.3 +/- 0.5 days after transplantation in groups 1 through 3 but was absent in all group 4 grafts (p < 0.0001). All grafts in groups 1 through 3 were viable at the time of sacrifice and showed little discernible intergroup and intragroup histologic and functional (tracheal smooth muscle contraction and relaxation) variations except for a significantly higher (p < 0.001) incidence of rejection in group 3 allografts. In contrast, all grafts in group 4 became completely necrotic 4 days after transplantation (p < 0.001) despite full patency of all the vascular anastomoses. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that tracheal allografts may be safely preserved for as long as 15 hours and that longer periods of ischemia are likely to result in irreversible allograft damage.
Lymphocyte transformation in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Lymphocytes from fifteen patients who had been infected with Plasmodium falciparum from 1 month to 15 years previously underwent significant in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to malaria antigen. Since 11 of these patients lacked demonstrable antimalarial antibodies, this indicator of cell-mediated rather than humoral immunity provides a more sensitive indicator of prior exposure to malaria. In contrast, lymphocytes from normal control subjects failed to undergo transformation to low concentrations of antigens. Only at higher concentrations of antigen were lymphocytes of control subjects also transformed, but to a significantly smaller degree than those of the patients. Since the antigen preparation consists of a heterogeneous mixture of materials, this presumably represents a nonspecific response to some components in the antigen preparation. These results suggest that thymus-derived lymphocytes are important in host response to human malaria.
Localizing Search in Monte-Carlo Go using Statistical Covariance

The classical Asian game of Go presents a difficult challenge for artificial intelligence programmers because of its vast search space and the difficulty of static board evaluation. One of the techniques humans employ while playing Go is spatial localization ‐ they direct their attention toward the important points on the board and ignore the unimportant areas. This note describes using statistical covariance as a tool to execute spatial localization in our Go program, OREGO.
Recombinant Anti-Stefin A Fab Fragment: Sequence Analysis of the Variable Region and Expression in Escherichia coli

Abstract Human stefin A is an inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteinases cathepsin B, H, L and S. In the present report we describe the cloning and expression of antistefin A Fab fragment A22 in E. coli. We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the antibody heavy and light chain and compared them to the murine immunoglobulin germ line sequences. Expression of the two antibody chains was achieved using a single vector with a PhoA promoter and coding regions placed after the signal sequences, directing them to the periplasmic space. The A22 Fab fragment was extracted from the periplasmic space and expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The recombinant A22 Fab fragment had an affinity for stefin A comparable to the original monoclonal antibody, as determined by ELISA.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is elevated in obese adolescents

Objectives: The prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence is continuing rising. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) participates in inflammatory and immune responses as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. The present study aimed to investigate MIF in overweight adolescents. Methods: Seventy-nine male adolescents were enrolled. Thirty-eight were overweight according to the 90th%ile of the age-specific waist circumference. Various parameters were recorded at one visit, including body mass index. MIF was determined using multiplex immune-assay technology. Results: Overweight adolescents had increased systolic blood pressure and CRP levels. Furthermore, increased circulating MIF concentrations were observed (Median: 964.6 pg/ml, Interquartile range: 590.3–2019.4 versus Median: 562.7 pg/ml, Interquartile range: 430.6–813.7, p = 0.003). Increased MIF concentrations were associated with increased markers of inflammation and obesity. Conclusions: We demonstrated elevated MIF levels in obese adolescents. Taken together with other markers, this indicates the presence of low-grade inflammation in these young subjects, possibly representing a link between obesity and related co-morbidities.
Two-steps into energy consumption optimisation due to the mapping of multimedia application to network on chip architecture

Energy-efficiency is becoming one of the most critical issues in embedded system design that target the multimedia application caused by the increasing number of intellectual property IP cores in network on chip NoC. This paper addresses the optimisation of NoC performances in term of power and latency, we proposed an optimisation technique that is an hybrid based-scheduling algorithm that evolve the cellular automata CA with genetic algorithm to solve mapping and scheduling problems where we mixed between GA easiest implementation and achievability of near global optimum solutions with CA simplicity and rigorous mathematical model to achieve our goal. In our algorithm, each transition rule represents a chromosome allowing an automatically programming of the transition rules of the evolutionary cellular automata. Also we have presented new dynamic voltage and frequency scaling technique that automatically detect the voltage change point in order to save power while respecting the timing constraints of the soft real-time multimedia application.
Rates of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection among children in medicaid.

OBJECTIVE To determine rates of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among children with and without specific medical conditions. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of all children <3 years old enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid program from July 1989 through June 1993 (248,652 child-years). RESULTS During the first year of life, the estimated number of RSV hospitalizations per 1000 children was 388 for those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 92 for those with congenital heart disease, 70 for children born at < or = 28 weeks' gestation, 66 for those born at 29 to <33 weeks, 57 for those born at 33 to <36 weeks, and 30 for children born at term with no underlying medical condition. In the second year of life, children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had an estimated 73 RSV hospitalizations per 1000 children, whereas those with congenital heart disease had 18 and those with prematurity 16 per 1000. Overall, 53% of RSV hospitalizations occurred in healthy children born at term. CONCLUSIONS Children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia have high rates of RSV hospitalization until 24 months of age. In contrast, after the first year of life, children with congenital heart disease or prematurity have rates no higher than that of children at low risk who are <12 months old.
Catching algorithm for 2D robot manipulator using PD controller

This paper presents the catching control method using conventional PD controller. Firstly the mathematical model is derived for 2DOF catching robot, the equation is constructed based on the real author's developed catching robot, then the PD controller will be designed for the manipulator to follow the trajectory created by the object on 2D plane when it travel in the perpendicular plane and catch it. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method by computer simulation. In the future we will implement the PD controller to the real machine.
Social and spatial constraints on rural women's sexuality: observations from an Indian village.

Life for a peasant woman in rural India consists of backbreaking work with little personal freedom, further characterized by the necessary adherence to rigid social norms and to a code which requires sexual submission to the male. On the basis of personal contact with women of a rural village in Deccan Maharashtra over 1 year, the author was able to distill this picture of village life. In this farming economy the extended family is essential for productive strength. 39% of the families in this particular village were joint families--dominated by the elder inlaws of the newly married woman. Every aspect of the young couple's interaction seemingly is controlled by the family elders. There is little space or opportunity for the building of a close relationship based on companionship. For the woman, the sexual act is just the necessary obligation of married life, the principal aim of which is to furnish male children to the family. The absence of about 50% of the men, who work in the city for the best part of the year further strains the possibilities for a simple marital relationship. Privacy is not a highly valued commodity, and the possibilities for effective contraceptive behavior, even where the knowledge exists, is very slim. The women are aware of and resent the complete regulation of their personal lives but feel themselves powerless to change their circumstances. Any attempt to loosen the bonds imposed on these women must be sensitive and responsive to these realities of daily life and to the women's perceptions of their situation.
Dual-Axes Confocal Microlens for Raman Spectroscopy

This paper presents a novel dual-axes scanning microlens for in vivo near infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy. In vivo Raman spectra of fibrosarcoma tumor skin and normal mouse skin measured from the microlens are reported. Out-of-plane (Z-axis) and transverse (X-axis) actuations are demonstrated using electrostatic and electromagnetic forces, respectively. The microlens achieves 120 ¿m scan in Z-axis at 286 Hz, and 163 ¿m scan in X-axis at 480 Hz.
Clustering and Classification in Structured Data Domains Using Fuzzy Lattice Neurocomputing (FLN)

A connectionist scheme, namely, /spl sigma/-Fuzzy Lattice Neurocomputing scheme or /spl sigma/-FLN for short, which has been introduced in the literature lately for clustering in a lattice data domain, is employed for computing clusters of directed graphs in a master-graph. New tools are presented and used, including a convenient inclusion measure function for clustering graphs. A directed graph is treated by /spl sigma/-FLN as a single datum in the mathematical lattice of subgraphs stemming from a master-graph. A series of experiments is detailed where the master-graph emanates from a thesaurus of spoken language synonyms. The words of the thesaurus are fed to /spl sigma/-FLN in order to compute clusters of semantically related words, namely hyperwords. The arithmetic parameters of /spl sigma/-FLN can be adjusted so as to calibrate the total number of hyperwords computed in a specific application. It is demonstrated how the employment of hyperwords implies a reduction, based on the a priori knowledge of semantics contained in the thesaurus, in the number of features to be used for document classification. In a series of comparative experiments for document classification, it appears that the proposed method favorably improves classification accuracy in problems involving longer documents, whereas performance deteriorates in problems involving short documents.