Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stock Return or Sales Growth? Multiple Performance Feedback and Strategic Investments Under Securities Analysts’ Earnings Pressure

Pressure to meet or beat earnings forecasts from securities analysts leads managers of publicly traded firms to improve short‐term earnings by cutting strategic investments at the expense of long‐term competitiveness. Drawing on the behavioral theory of the firm, we explore how different dimensions of performance feedback moderate managerial responses to this pressure. We find that the negative impact of earnings pressure on a firm’s strategic investments is strengthened when it receives performance feedback from lower stock returns but is weakened when the firm receives performance feedback from lower sales growth. When both dimensions of performance feedback are present, we find that sales growth has a stronger moderating effect. Our paper contributes to the developing literature on multiple dimensions of performance feedback by demonstrating how stock price and sales growth differentially influence managerial responses to earnings pressure. From a management standpoint, we highlight the possibility that performance feedback influences managerial responses to earnings pressures in ways that managers may not fully consider.
Innervation of cutaneous structures in the mouse hind paw: A confocal microscopy immunohistochemical study

The normal innervation of structures in mouse foot pads was investigated with immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Nerves were visualized by incubating Zamboni fixed, thick, frozen sections with antibodies to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, calcitonin gene‐related peptide, and protein zero. The antibodies were localized using cyanine 3.18 labeled anti‐rabbit gamma globulin. PGP 9.5 immunolocalization showed dense nerve bundles at the base of the foot pad with branches to larger blood vessels, sweat glands and epidermis. Sweat gland tubules were surrounded by numerous sudomotor axons; single fibers accompanied the sweat duct toward the skin's surface. Nerve bundles containing myelinated and unmyelinated axons ran through and around the centrally located sweat gland cluster to end in free nerve endings and Meissner's‐like corpuscles at the apex of the foot pad. Other bundles running parallel to the epidermis gave arcuate branches that supplied epidermis on the sides of the pads with a rich nerve network, principally with free nerve endings that often reached the most superficial cell layers of epidermis. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive (‐ir) nerves were distributed to dermis and epidermis in lower density than PGP 9.5‐ir fibers. Substance P‐ir fibers were less numerous; most terminated as free endings in deeper layers of epidermis. Vasoactive intestinal peptide‐ir nerves almost exclusively innervated sweat glands, ducts and blood vessels, but not epidermis. The mouse hind paw has potential to serve as a model system for investigations of functional and morphological changes that affect peripheral and au tonomic nerves under diverse experimental conditions. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating the long‐term legacy of drought and warming on the soil microbial community across five European shrubland ecosystems

We investigated how the legacy of warming and summer drought affected microbial communities in five different replicated long‐term (>10 years) field experiments across Europe (EU‐FP7 INCREASE infrastructure). To focus explicitly on legacy effects (i.e., indirect rather than direct effects of the environmental factors), we measured microbial variables under the same moisture and temperature in a brief screening, and following a pre‐incubation at stable conditions. Specifically, we investigated the size and composition of the soil microbial community (PLFA) alongside measurements of bacterial (leucine incorporation) and fungal (acetate in ergosterol incorporation) growth rates, previously shown to be highly responsive to changes in environmental factors, and microbial respiration. We found no legacy effects on the microbial community size, composition, growth rates, or basal respiration rates at the effect sizes used in our experimental setup (0.6 °C, about 30% precipitation reduction). Our findings support previous reports from single short‐term ecosystem studies thereby providing a clear evidence base to allow long‐term, broad‐scale generalizations to be made. The implication of our study is that warming and summer drought will not result in legacy effects on the microbial community and their processes within the effect sizes here studied. While legacy effects on microbial processes during perturbation cycles, such as drying–rewetting, and on tolerance to drought and warming remain to be studied, our results suggest that any effects on overall ecosystem processes will be rather limited. Thus, the legacies of warming and drought should not be prioritized factors to consider when modeling contemporary rates of biogeochemical processes in soil.
A Conceptual Framework for Assessing an Organization’s Readiness to Adopt Big Data

The main aim of this paper is to provide a theoretically and empirically grounded discussion on big data and to propose a conceptual framework for big data based on a temporal dimension. This study adopts two research methods. The first research method is a critical assessment of the literature that aims to identify the concept of big data in organizations. This method is composed of a search for source materials, the selection of the source materials, and their analysis and synthesis. It has been used to develop a conceptual framework for assessing an organization’s readiness to adopt big data. The purpose of the second research method is to provide an initial verification of the developed framework. This verification consisted of conducting qualitative research with the use of an in-depth interview in 15 selected organizations. The main contribution of this study is the Temporal Big Data Maturity Model (TBDMM) framework, which can help to measure the current state of an organization’s big data assets, and to plan their future development with respect to sustainability issues. The proposed framework has been built over a time dimension as a fundamental internal structure with the goal of providing a complete means for assessing an organization’s readiness to process the temporal data and knowledge that can be found in modern information sources. The proposed framework distinguishes five maturity levels: atemporal, pre-temporal, partly temporal, predominantly temporal, and temporal, which are used to evaluate data/knowledge, information technology (IT) solutions, functionalities offered by IT solutions, and the sustainable development context.
Motivating students with new mechanisms of online assignments and examination to meet the MOOC challenges for programming

The advent of massive open online courses (MOOC) poses challenges for teaching and learning programming. This paper has analyzed these challenges and thereby proposed a self-motivating learning platform for students in the introductory programming course. Novel mechanisms of online assignments and examination have been introduced. Our platform provides functions for self-motivating learning and practicing in MOOC, which makes it distinguish from the others. For example, self-paced timetable with supervision, self-motivated exercise contents, exercise market, and relative ranking. The automatic grading approach is also a highlight. Programs even with syntactic or semantic errors can be automatically graded. Our platform gains popularity among both students and teachers. The platform has been used together with a programming MOOC. This course is ranked as the third most popular courses among over 500 courses. The platform has also been used by more than 100 other universities. The application of the platform in both MOOC and the traditional classroom courses has shown that students' self-motivation in learning programming has been greatly promoted, and their practical skills have also been significantly improved.
Diabetes: glycaemic control in type 2.

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is now seen as a progressive disorder of glucose metabolism, affecting about 5% of the population worldwide, over 85% of whom have type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes may occur with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia (the metabolic syndrome), which are powerful predictors of CVD. Blood glucose levels rise progressively over time in people with type 2 diabetes regardless of treatment, causing microvascular and macrovascular complications. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to October 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found 69 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: combined oral drug treatment, diet, education, insulin (continuous subcutaneous infusion), insulin, intensive treatment programmes, meglitinides (nateglinide, repaglinide), metformin, monotherapy, blood glucose self-monitoring (different frequencies), and sulphonylureas (newer or older).
Elections and durable governments in parliamentary governments

This paper provides a dynamic theory of a parliamentary government system with proportional-representation elections, policy-motivated parties and voters, and an endogenous status-quo policy. The theory identifies the representation of parties in parliament, the governments the parties form, the policies chosen by those governments, and the duration of the governments and their policies. Governments are majoritarian, government parties are equal partners, they and their policies are durable, voters elect minority parliaments in every period, and government policies provide concessions to centrist voters. If crises can occur, governments can fall, but a new government forms after the next election. The theory provides explanations for three empirical findings: equilibria consistent with Gamson’s law, an analog of Duverger’s law for proportional-representation electoral systems, and compensational voting where voters give the out party additional votes when an incumbent government is expected to continue in office.
Minimum Wage Effects on Poverty and Inequality

Minimum wage effect on employment is one of the mostly studied fields in labour economics. Minimum wage is also considered as a redistributive tool but its efficiency is strongly doubted due to potential disemployment effect that may cause. In the present paper, redistributive ability of minimum wage is studied through microsimulation techniques and under several scenarios of employment elasticity. The results indicate that minimum wage can reduce poverty even under the presence of a disemployment effect. Though, this anti-poverty effect is limited as employment elasticity is more negative. Similarly, inequality decreases when minimum wage increases are adopted, but the redistributive effect is weaker when they cause job losses. The above indicate that minimum wage policies should be used with caution and always take into account any possible impact on employment.
Bone marrow edema: pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and imaging

Bone marrow edema (BME) has been a topic of increasing interest in the literature in recent years. BME is associated with numerous pathologies and is becoming recognized not only as a considerable pain generator, but also as an entity which is, in some cases, significantly linked to the worsening of patient prognosis. To date, no thorough imaging review of BME has been published. An electronic literature search was conducted through PubMed with a time parameter of January 1975 through December 2007. The primary search parameter was “bone marrow edema. ” Over 800 papers were listed as written in English and involving humans. Other refining parameters included “AND syndrome,” “AND transient,” “AND arthritis,” “AND infection,” “AND tumor,” “AND neoplasm,” “AND iatrogenic,” “AND radiation therapy,” and “AND inflammation. ” More current articles were favored over dated articles on the same topic. A total of 106 journal articles were collected concerning BME and multiple pathologic processes. The data contained therein was compiled and organized into a comprehensive format. BME can be caused by, and found concurrent with, a broad spectrum of pathologies which exhibit a variety of imaging findings. BME is also associated with the deterioration of certain pathologies. This presentation is a comprehensive discussion of different pathological conditions inducing or associated with BME. Differential diagnosis through appropriate imaging is vital to case management and could contribute to the prevention or decreased progression of certain pathologies. Continued investigation into the imaging of BME and its associated diseases, as well as the effect of BME on prognosis, is warranted.
Acute respiratory obstruction caused by ingestion of a caustic substance.

Accident provoque chez un nourrisson de 7 mois par l'ingestion d'un comprime de desinfectant (utilise pour la sterilisation de biberons). Vomissements et detresse respiratoire necessitant des soins intensifs, intubation, tracheostomie et alimentation par sonde
Natural course of insomnia comorbid with cancer: an 18-month longitudinal study.

PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and natural course (incidence, persistence, remission, and relapse) of insomnia comorbid with cancer during an 18-month period. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients scheduled to receive a curative surgery for a first diagnosis of nonmetastatic cancer were approached on the day of their preoperative visit to participate in the study. A total of 962 patients with cancer (mixed sites) completed an insomnia diagnostic interview at the perioperative phase (T1), as well as at 2 (T2), 6 (T3) 10 (T4), 14 (T5), and 18 (T6) months after surgery. RESULTS Findings revealed high rates of insomnia at baseline (59%), including 28% with an insomnia syndrome. The prevalence of insomnia generally declined over time but remained pervasive even at the end of the 18-month period (36%). Rates were greater in patients with breast (42% to 69%) and gynecologic (33% to 68%) cancer and lower in men with prostate cancer (25% to 39%) throughout the study. Nearly 15% of patients had a first incidence of insomnia during the study, and 19.5% experienced relapse. The evolution of symptoms varied according to sleep status. Remissions (patients becoming good sleepers) were much less likely for patients with an insomnia syndrome (10.8% to 14.9%) than for those with insomnia symptoms (42.0% to 51.3%). Most frequently (37.6%), patients with an insomnia syndrome at baseline kept that status throughout the 18-month period. CONCLUSION Insomnia is a frequent and enduring problem in patients with cancer, particularly at the syndrome level. Early intervention strategies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, could prevent the problem from becoming more severe and chronic.
Laser fabrication of biomedical sensor for AC impedance analysis

A simple, fast, and low-cost method to fabricate variance type of interdigital sensor device for different fields application was demonstrated. The sensor device was fabricated by employing the laser micromachining technology, which approach was comparable with current commercial laser process. The resolution of sensor structure can be successfully approach around 50 μm. The electronic properties of the interdigital sensor device were found to be similar to reported in literature. An equivalent circuit model was used to demonstrate the sensing capacity. The AC impedance analysis was consistent with a sensor affected by variance type of sensor design and different sensing material, respectively. The specific electric changes were observed for air, deionized water, and ethanol sensing when sensing area exposed with different conditions. With its excellent electric properties and faster processing for potential of commercial production, laser micromachining technology can be very useful fabrication process for variety of biological and chemical sensing applications.
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanocrystal clusters: a sensitive tool for MR cellular imaging

Silica coated, PEI and citric acid hybrid superparamagnetic magnetite nanocrystal clusters (SMNC) were synthesized using either a mini-emulsion/sol–gel method or a polyol technique. After careful characterization of the size, structure, composition, and magnetic properties, the as-synthesized SMNC were used for cell labeling while the MR detection sensitivity of cells labeled with silica SMNC was performed with a 3 T whole body MR scanner. TEM investigations revealed that the sizes of the SMNC were about 200 nm and the SMNC mainly consisted of magnetite nanoparticles imbedded in a PEI, citric acid or polystyrene scaffold. Silica and citric acid SMNC were highly negatively charged and PEI SMNC were positively charged. Relaxometry measurements revealed that these SMNC possessed a very high MR sensitivity (silica SMNC: r2 = 299 s−1 mM−1, PEI SMNC: r2 = 124 s−1 mM−1), especially for the citric acid SMNC (r2 = 360 s−1 mM−1). Furthermore, when used for cell (RAW264.7 cells) labeling, the SMNC had no adverse effect on cell viability, and the cell uptake of the SMNC show a dose- and time-dependent feature. MR imaging of cells labeled with silica SMNC indicated that cells with a concentration as low as 10 × 103 cells ml−1 could be detected with a 3 T MRI scanner. Our study demonstrated that superparamagnetic magnetite nanocrystal clusters are a sensitive tool for cell imaging.
The Effect of Immunosuppressive Agents (FK‐506, Rapamycin) on Renal P450 Systems in Rat Models

It is well known that cyclosporin, rapamycin and FK‐506 (tacrolimus) are metabolized by the liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Although there have been reports of interaction between these drugs and the renal P450 enzyme system, differences among these immunosuppressants has not been comprehensively demonstrated. We have studied the individual capacities of these immunosuppressants to induce renal microsomal P450 enzymes similar to CYP2B4 and CYP4A2 by examining renal function in treated rats, and have correlated the results by means of biochemical, immunological and immunohistochemical assays of renal P450 enzymes.
Plagiarism in higher education environment: causes and solutions

In the academic arena, plagiarism is on the rise. As a consequence, Higher Learning Institutions are putting in place severe punitive measures. Most of these measures are more reactive than preventive because they focus on plagiarism detection and the kinds of punishments to administer to students who plagiarize. In fact, these measures fail to address particular or primary reasons for plagiarism in students’ works. This may be one of the reasons why such measures have done little to reduce the incidents of plagiarism. Using a desktop research pathway, this paper discusses the concept and practices of plagiarism and raises a number of issues which need to be considered in framing measures to address it. Among other workable strategies proposed in this paper include the (i) strengthening of reading and academic writing skills, (ii) institutionalization and dissemination of anti-plagiarism policy and (iii) using technology in detecting plagiarism among students’ work. Keywords: Plagiarism, anti-plagiarism policies, academic, research skills development, higher education
The Art of Insight: How to Have More Aha! Moments

We have all experienced it: the jolt of an insight arriving like a thunderclap, the metaphorical light bulb over your head as you drive to work, take a shower, or unload the dishwasher. These all-too-elusive “aha moments” come sporadically and without warning. But what if insights could be accessed more reliably in everyday life? Charles Kiefer and Malcolm Constable have the tools to make this possibility a reality. Based on the authors’ years of research, reflection, and experiences with colleagues, friends, and business clients, The Art of Insight presents practical methods for recognizing and cultivating an insight state of mind. All too often, decision making is a forced experience that promotes recycling of old ideas and old ways of thinking. Kiefer and Constable’s Insight Thinking Methods are designed to foster fresh thoughts and perspectives. But this is not a rigid set of rules—it’s a creative pursuit. Guided by their user-friendly practices and helpful exercises—both in the book and online—you’ll develop your own personal approach to cultivating a mindset where insights come readily so that new or longstanding problems are solved with confidence and ease. It is the simple truth that one insight can change your life, and the next can change your organization or even the world. A go-to-guide that can make the complicated effortless, The Art of Insight offers a path to becoming a more effective thinker and decision maker. “Conventional wisdom holds the generation of insights to be an elusive and mysterious process. Kiefer and Constable turn conventional wisdom on its head with this marvelous addition to the library of all those devoted to improving the quality of their thinking. ” —Len Schlesinger, President, Babson College, and former Vice Chairman, Limited Brands
Health profiles of younger and older breast cancer survivors

Over the past several decades, the incidence of prolonged survival after a diagnosis of cancer has increased; however, little is known regarding the long‐term health profiles of cancer survivors in general and of breast cancer survivors in particular. To obtain more information concerning the consequences of surviving breast cancer, the authors conducted a large‐scale health survey of patients who had been treated for the disease at their institution.