Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine

Emerging Pathways in Marine Mammal Medicine Marine Mammals as Sentinels of Ocean Health, M.L. Reddy, L.A. Dierauf, and F.M.D. Gulland Emerging and Resurging Diseases, D.L. Miller, R.Y. Ewing, and G.D. Bossart Florida Manatees: Perspectives on Populations, Pain, and Protection, T. O'Shea, L.W. Lefebvre, and C.A. Beck Marine Mammal Stranding Networks, F.M.D. Gulland, L.A. Dierauf, and T. Rowles Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Events, L.A. Dierauf and F. Gulland Mass Strandings of Cetaceans, M.T. Walsh, R.Y. Ewing, D.K. Odell, and G.D. Bossart Careers in Marine Mammal Medicine, L.A. Dierauf, S. Frasca, Jr., and T.Y. Mashima The Electronic Whale, L.A. Dierauf Anatomy and Physiology of Marine Mammals Gross and Microscopic Anatomy, S.A Rommel, and L.J. Lowenstine Endocrinology, D.J. St. Aubin Reproduction, T.R. Robeck, S. Atkinson, and F.M. Brook Immunology, B. Aldridge, D. King, S. Kennedy-Stoskopf, and J.L Stott Stress and Marine Mammals: A Review, D.J. St. Aubin and L.A. Dierauf Genetic Analyses, D. Duffield and W. Amos Infectious Diseases of Marine Mammals Viral Diseases, S. Kennedy-Stoskopf Bacterial Diseases of Cetaceans and Pinnipeds, J.L. Dunn, J.D. Buck, and T.R. Robeck Mycotic Diseases, T. Reidarson, J. McBain, L.M. Dalton, and M.G. Rinaldi Parasitic Diseases, M.D. Dailey Pathology of Marine Mammals Clinical Pathology, G.D. Bossart, T. Reidarson, L.A. Dierauf, and D. Duffield Cetacean Cytology, J.C. Sweeney, and M.L. Reddy Gross Necropsy and Specimen Collection Protocols, T. Rowles, F. VanDolah, and A.A. Hohn Toxicology, T.M. O'Hara and T. O'Shea Noninfectious Diseases, F.M.D. Gulland, L.J. Lowenstine, and T.R. Spraker Diagnostic Imaging in Marine Mammals Overview of Diagnostic Imaging, W. Van Bonn and F. Brook Radiology, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, W. Van Bonn, E.D. Jensen, and F.M. Brook Ultrasonography, F. Brook, W. Van Bonn, and E.D. Jensen Flexible and Rigid Endoscopy in Marine Mammals, S.R. Dover and W. Van Bonn Thermal Imaging of Marine Mammals, M.T. Walsh and E.V. Gaynor Medical Management of Marine Mammals Marine Mammal Anesthesia, M. Haulena and R.B. Heath Intensive Care, M.T. Walsh and S. Gearhart Pharmaceuticals and Formularies, M.K. Stoskopf, S. Willens, and J. McBain Euthanasia, L. Greer, J.E. Whaley, and T. Rowles Marine Mammal Well-Being U. S. Federal Legislation Governing Marine Mammals, N.M. Young and S.L. Shapiro Public Health, C. House, and J.A. House Water Quality, K.D. Arkush Nutrition and Energetics, G. Worthy Hand-Rearing and Artificial Milk Formulas, F.I. Townsend and L.J. Gage Tagging and Tracking, M. Lander, A. Westgate, R.K. Bonde, and M.J. Murray Marine Mammal Transport, J. Antrim and J. McBain Specific Medicine and Husbandry of Marine Mammals Cetacean Medicine, J. McBain Seals and Sea Lions, F.M.D. Gulland, M. Haulena and L.A. Dierauf Walruses, M.T. Walsh Manatees, G.D. Bossart Sea Otters, P. Tuomi Polar Bears, M.B. Briggs Appendices A. Conversions B. Abbreviations C. Characteristics of Common Disinfectants Index
Comparison of Oral Sulfate Solution and Polyethylene Glycol Plus Ascorbic Acid on the Efficacy of Bowel Preparation

Background/Aims The quality of bowel preparation is one of the quality indicators for colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral sulfate solution (OSS) and polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid (PEG-AA) for bowel preparation. Methods The study involved 167 patients who underwent diagnostic colonoscopies. Inadequate bowel preparation was defined as any score of ≤1 in each colon section based on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare the efficacy of OSS and PEG-AA. Subgroup analyses were performed based on patient characteristics. Results Overall, 106 (63.5%) patients received OSS, and 61 (36.5%) patients received PEG-AA. The rate of inadequate bowel preparation was 12.3% in patients receiving OSS and 32.8% in patients receiving PEG-AA (p=0.001). OSS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; p=0.003) and morning examination (OR=0.11; p=0.038) were significantly associated with efficient bowel preparation. The efficacy of OSS compared with PEG-AA was only significant in patients ≥50 years of age vs. <50 years of age (OR=0.13; p=0.001 vs. OR=0.96; p=0.959) and female vs. male patients (OR=0.06; p=0.002 vs. OR=0.58; p=0.339). Conclusions OSS was significantly more efficient for bowel preparation than PEG-AA, especially in patients ≥50 years of age and female patients. Morning examination led to a good quality of bowel preparation, irrespective of the preparation regimen.
Improvement of motor and behavioral activity in Sandhoff mice transplanted with human CD34+ cells transduced with a HexA/HexB expressing lentiviral vector

Tay–Sachs and Sandhoff disease are debilitating genetic diseases that affect the central nervous system leading to neurodegeneration through the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides. There are no cures for these diseases and treatments do not alleviate all symptoms. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy offers a promising treatment strategy for delivering wild‐type enzymes to affected cells. By genetically modifying hematopoietic stem cells to express wild‐type HexA and HexB, systemic delivery of functional enzyme can be achieved.
The association between range usage and tibial quality in commercial free-range laying hens

ABSTRACT 1. Bone tissue adapts continuously to metabolic calcium demands, as well as to external forces due to physical weight loading subject to hen movement. Limited calcium metabolism and, subsequently, its availability from the medullary bone, is a major factor contributing to reduced eggshell quality in hens in the late laying period (>60 weeks of age). 2. Increasing physical activity and biomechanical loading during hen rearing has been demonstrated to increase skeletal strength, enhancing bone mass as well as endocortical and periosteal bone metabolism. Presently, the consequences of range use during lay on bone quality characteristics in laying hens remain unknown. 3.The aims of this study were to characterise tibiotarsal bone indices and evaluate the impact of range access during lay on tibia bone quality in commercial free-range laying hens. 4. This exploratory study described and analysed the volumetric measurements, morphological mechanical and trabeculae indices of the tibiotarsal bone of 48 Lohmann Brown laying hens at 74 weeks of age. All bone parameters were obtained using micro-computed tomography and correlated with individual hen range use. 5. Range usage throughout lay was not associated with tibial trabecular architecture (bone volume and fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular connectivity density and structural model index), or any other morphological characteristics (breaking strength, diaphyseal diameter, bone weight and bone mineral density) of the tibia (P > 0.05) when hens were 74 weeks of age. 6. The results demonstrated a large variation in individual bone characteristics and suggested that range usage was not associated with bone quality in commercial free-range laying hens used in this study. In conclusion, the bone health of free-range commercial laying hens may be positively impacted by other features, such as hen genetics, feed, the quality of pullet rearing, perch availability or other shed equipment, and the benefits of these variables exceed the benefit of range use.
RNA-seq analysis of potential lncRNAs for age-related hearing loss in a mouse model

Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is an important health problem in the elderly population. Its molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the cochleae of six-week-old and one-year-old C57BL/6J mice through RNA-seq analysis. We found 738 and 2033 differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, in these two groups (corrected P < 0.05). We focused on the intersection of known genes associated with hearing loss and differentially expressed mRNAs in RNA-seq. There are 34 mRNAs in this intersection, which include all 29 mRNAs enriched in the sensory perception of sound (GO: 0007605). We selected 11 lncRNAs that are predicted to regulate the 34 mRNAs to validate their expression levels in animal and cellular models of AHL by qRT-PCR. Among these lncRNAs, four were significantly different in both animal and cellular models of AHL, and the lncRNA NONMMUT010961.2 was the most markedly different. Knocking down lncRNA NONMMUT010961.2, we found the expression of oxidative stress and apoptosis-related gene Ar and hearing loss-related gene Hgf is significantly reduced in HEI-OC1 cells. Our results suggest that lncRNAs NONMMUT010961.2 may be associated with AHL and may thus lead to a new treatment for AHL.
Introduction to Genomic Signal Processing with Control

INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Electrovalent and Covalent Bonds Some Chemical Bonds and Groups Commonly Encountered in Biological Molecules Building Blocks for Common Organic Molecules ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS IN BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS Some Common Biochemical Reactions Role of Enzymes Feasibility of Chemical Reactions Activated Carrier Molecules and Their Role in Biosynthesis PROTEINS Protein Structure and Function Levels of Organization in Proteins Protein Ligand Interactions Isolating Proteins from Cells Separating a Mixture of Proteins Protein Structure Determination Proteins That Are Enzymes DNA TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION Transcription Translation CHROMOSOMES AND GENE REGULATION Organization of DNA into Chromosomes Gene Regulation GENETIC VARIATION Genetic Variation in Bacteria Sources of Genetic Change in Eucaryotic Genomes DNA TECHNOLOGY Techniques for Analyzing DNA Molecules Nucleic Acid Hybridization and Associated Techniques Construction of Human Genomic and cDNA Libraries Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Genetic Engineering CELL DIVISION Mitosis and Cytokinesis Meiosis CELL CYCLE CONTROL, CELL DEATH AND CANCER Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and Their Role Control of Cell Numbers in Multicellular Organisms Programmed Cell Death Cancer as the Breakdown of Cell Cycle Control EXPRESSION MICROARRAYS cDNA Microarrays Synthetic Oligonucleotide Arrays CLASSIFICATION Classifier Design Feature Selection Error Estimation CLUSTERING Examples of Clustering Algorithms Clustering Accuracy Cluster Validation GENETIC REGULATORY NETWORKS Nonlinear Dynamical Modeling of Gene Networks Boolean Networks Probabilistic Boolean Networks Network Inference INTERVENTION PBN Notation Intervention by Flipping the Status of a Single Gene Intervention to Alter the Steady-State Behavior EXTERNAL INTERVENTION BASED ON OPTIMAL CONTROL THEORY Finite Horizon Control External Intervention in the Imperfect Information Case External Intervention in the Context-Sensitive Case External Intervention for a Family of Boolean Networks External Intervention in the Infinite Horizon Case Concluding Remarks References Index
A Conceptual Visibility Framework for Linking Spatial Metrics With Experience and Organizational Outcomes

Visibility enables or prohibits healthcare professionals’ ability to monitor, control, or manage situations in healthcare settings. Visibility has a significant impact on patient safety, including patient fall rates and mortality rates, and on the performance of healthcare professionals, including situational awareness and communication. This article provides a conceptual visibility framework synthesizing visibility analysis models, tools, and metrics. The framework uses four dimensions that capture the experiential phenomena of users, such as visual relationships between specific sets of users/targets, how the orientation of the seeing entity changes visibility patterns, and the unequal visibility levels of seeing and being seen. The framework particularly focuses on how the layout and the resulting patterns of visibility reflect and influence the user experience and organizational functions. By illustrating the similarities and differences of various models in the framework according to the dimensions, this article describes how various visibility analysis models, tools, and metrics can be applied to design and research.
Why is an evidence-based classification of personality disorder so elusive?

Despite recent revisions, the classification of personality disorder remains a matter of dispute, and there is little evidence of consistent progress toward an evidence-based system. This essay examines four issues impeding taxonomic progress and explores how they might be addressed. First, the phenomenological and aetiological complexity of personality disorder poses a formidable challenge to traditional taxonomic methods. Second, current classifications incorporate assumptions such as a stringent version of medical model and an essentialist philosophy that are inconsistent with empirical evidence. Third, despite the claims of trait psychology, a viable alternative to categorical diagnosis is not available. Contemporary trait models have not gained widespread clinical acceptance and substantial conceptual and methodological limitations compromise their clinical value. Finally, the processes used to revise official classifications are biased toward conservative revisions and difficult to shield from non-scientific influences. It is suggested that rather making further attempts to develop a general monolithic classification that meets all needs, consideration be given to developing a more flexible and multifaceted framework that combines diagnosis and assessment. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using shared knowledge to determine ironic intent; a conversational response paradigm

Abstract Mentalising has long been suggested to play an important role in irony interpretation. We hypothesised that another important cognitive underpinning of irony interpretation is likely to be children's capacity for mental set switching – the ability to switch flexibly between different approaches to the same task. We experimentally manipulated mentalising and set switching to investigate their effects on the ability of 7-year-olds to determine if an utterance is intended ironically or literally. The component of mentalising examined was whether the speaker and listener shared requisite knowledge. We developed a paradigm in which children had to select how a listener might reply, depending on whether the listener shared knowledge needed to interpret the utterance as ironic. Our manipulation of requisite set switching found null results. However, we are the first to show experimentally that children as young as seven years use mentalising to determine whether an utterance is intended ironically or literally.
The influence of current food and nutrition trends on dietitians’ perceptions of the healthiness of packaged food

Abstract Objective: To investigate the influence of current food and nutrition trends on dietitians’ perceptions of the healthiness of packaged foods. Design: This observational study used a cross-sectional survey. Participants rated (strongly disagree to strongly agree) the extent to which a range of factors, independent of the energy, nutrient and ingredient content, influenced their perceptions of the healthiness of packaged foods. Two open-ended questions allowed for participants to list additional items they considered important. Setting: Online survey. Participants: Australian dietitians (n 117). Results: The greatest consensus was a positive influence of the fit within the core food groups and presence of seasonal ingredients, and a negative influence of an increasing number of additives. Mixed opinions were obtained for GM ingredients, locally sourced ingredients, labelling of animal welfare and organic certification. Nutritional indicators received a split where almost half of participants disagreed/strongly disagreed that they positively influenced their perception of healthiness. Content analysis of open-ended responses (n 53, 45 %) revealed four broad categories as important in considering healthiness: ‘a whole food approach’, ‘marketing and labelling’, ‘product information’ and ‘context of diet’. A small number of responses (count of 6, 5 %) reported that packaging, advertising and features such as celebrity endorsement were a negative influence. Conclusions: Dietitians have a broad concept of the healthiness of packaged foods, which incorporates elements of food safety, wholeness of the ingredients and marketing. Providing unified messages to the consumer can help to build the public perception of dietitians as experts in nutrition advice and counselling.
The Ability of the Invasive Asian Longhorned Tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) to Acquire and Transmit Rickettsia rickettsii (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), the Agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Under Laboratory Conditions

Abstract The invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, was first detected in the United States in 2017. It has since been found in 12 states, and there is concern that the tick's parthenogenetic ability and wide variety of host species may allow for broader dissemination. Of the tick-borne diseases endemic to the United States, Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a rapidly progressive and potentially fatal disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is the most severe. There is considerable geographical overlap between spotted fever rickettsioses cases, which include RMSF, and the currently known distribution of H. longicornis, providing the potential for this tick to encounter this pathogen. We have evaluated the ability of H. longicornis to acquire and transmit R. rickettsii under laboratory conditions. Haemaphysalis longicornis as larvae and nymphs acquired the pathogen while feeding on infected guinea pigs. The infection persisted through every life stage, all of which were able to transmit R. rickettsii to naïve hosts. The pathogen was also transmitted at a low frequency between generations of H. longicornis through the ova. While H. longicornis was demonstrated to be a competent vector for R. rickettsii under laboratory conditions, the probability of its involvement in the maintenance and transmission of this pathogen in nature, as well as its potential impact on human health, requires further study.
Augmented healing of full thickness chronic excision wound by rosmarinic acid loaded chitosan encapsulated graphene nanopockets

Abstract Nanoparticles have emerged as an important carrier system to treat wounds as they permit the topical administration of an antimicrobial drug in a sustained and effective manner. On the other hand, if active excipients are added during the formulation, such as chitosan or graphene oxide, the developed Nano formulation could significantly improve its potential for chronic wound healing. Given that, we have conceived the fabrication and evaluation of rosmarinic acid loaded chitosan encapsulated graphene nanoparticles (RA-CH-G-NPOs) formulation to enhance wound healing capacity. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, Zeta potential, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and AFM. It was observed the average diameter of RA-CH-G-NPOS is around 417.5 ± 18.3 nm and showed sustained release behavior. Optimized RA-CH-G-NPOs were incorporated into Carbopol gel and evaluated for drug content, pH, in vitro release, texture analysis, and viscosity. The antibacterial activity of optimized formulation was examined as a minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus. The fabricated RA-CH-G-NPOs were than evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity by microdilution assay The combination of RA, Chitosan and Graphene oxide (GO) showed higher antibacterial activity of 0.0038 ± 0.2 mg/mL. Further, these nanoparticles were evaluated in- vivo for wound healing efficacy in Sprague Dawley rats. Histopathological evaluations demonstrated that RA-CH-G-NPOs showed significantly enhanced wound contraction, enhanced cell adhesion, epithelial migration, and high hydroxyproline content leading to faster and more efficient collagen synthesis as compared to plain carbopol, plain RA and controls. Hence the topical administration of fabricated RA-CH-G-NPOs appears to be an interesting and suitable strategy for the treatment of chronic wounds.
A review of the alternative pathway of complement and its relation to HELLP syndrome: is it time to consider HELLP syndrome a disease of the alternative pathway

Abstract Complement is a part of the innate immune system with a critical role in host defense. Although essential for survival, when dysregulated or excessively triggered complement activation can cause tissue damage and drive inflammatory and immune disorders. The alternative pathway of complement (APC) is especially important for survival against infection and can be triggered by a variety of settings: infection, trauma, surgery, or pregnancy. This excessive drive of complement manifest distinctive hemolytic diseases like atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). These diseases share phenotypic similarities to HELLP syndrome: a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. In this manuscript, there will be a brief review of complement activation and a description of important regulator proteins. The review will further discuss pregnancy as a major trigger of the alternative pathway, and how diseases of the APC are treated during pregnancy. Finally, the similarities between HELLP syndrome and diseases of the APC will be examined.
Fascinating chemo preventive story of wogonin: A chance to hit on the head in cancer treatment.

Cancer, a global havoc is a group of debilitating diseases that strikes family as well as society. Cancer cases are drastically increasing these days. In spite of many therapies and surgical procedures available cancer is still difficult to control. These are due to limited effective therapies or targeted therapies. Natural products can produce lesser side effects to the normal cells which are the major demerit of chemotherapies and radiation. Wogonin, a natural product extracted from plant, Scutellaria baicalensis has been studied widely and found with a high caliber to tackle most of the cancers via several mechanisms that include intrinsic as well as extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways, carcinogenesis diminution, telomerase activity inhibition, metastasis inhibition in the inflammatory microenvironment, anti-angiogenesis, cell growth inhibition and arrest of cell cycle, increased generation of H2O2 and accumulation of Ca2+ and also as an adjuvant along with anticancer drugs. This article discusses the role of wogonin in various cancers, its synergism with various drugs and the mechanism by which wogonin controls tumor growth.