Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leveraging SDN to streamline metro network operations

The confluence of two recent technological trends - the maturation of ROADM technology and the rise of SDN - has produced the perfect opportunity to streamline carrier metro network operations through the use of automation. This article introduces readers to the carrier metro network and describes the challenges of automating carrier metro network operations. To this end, we illustrate both the inherent complexity of today's metro network and the legacy processes that have been put in place to manage this complexity. Our discussion covers the essential details regarding current practices in metro network operation, and touches on the economic and technical factors that have contributed to these processes remaining in place for so long. We explain how the application of lean methodology can streamline and automate metro network processes - enabling carriers to reduce work in progress, thereby simultaneously decreasing both operational expenditures and time to market.
Cycloheximide induces apoptosis of astrocytes

Cultured rat astrocytes were incubated in the presence of cycloheximide (CHX; 20 µg/mL), a potent neuroprotective agent. Then cells were subjected to DNA gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis showed DNA ladder formation, which is characteristic of apoptosis. Inhibitors of interleukin‐1β‐converting enzyme (ICE) and caspase 32(CPP32), which play critical roles in certain apoptotic pathways, did not block the cycloheximide‐induced apoptosis of cultured astrocytes. This observation indicates that the role of ICE and CPP32 is not significant in the CHX‐induced astrocyte apoptosis process. When the blood–brain barrier was disrupted in the rat, the number of brain cells undergoing apoptosis was significantly higher after cycloheximide administration, in contrast to controls. Of the cells that produced glial fibrillary acidic protein, some were observed to undergo apoptosis. Although CHX has been shown to be useful as a neuroprotective agent against ischemic neuronal death, astroglial toxicity may be problematic, depending on CHX concentration. Therefore, a prudent use of this compound is recommended.
Acute kidney injury: epidemiology and diagnostic criteria

Purpose of reviewTo review recent advances in the definitions and diagnostic criteria for acute renal failure and acute kidney injury. To explore how these changes impact the epidemiology and clinical implications for patients in the intensive care unit. Recent findingsRecently published consensus criteria for the definition of acute renal failure/acute kidney injury have led to significant changes in how we think about this disorder. Studies from around the world, both in and out of the intensive care unit, have shown a dramatic incidence of acute kidney injury and high associated mortality. This review considers these new findings and their historical context, and attempts to shed new light on this old problem. SummarySmall changes in kidney function in hospitalized patients are important and impact on outcome. RIFLE criteria provide a uniform definition of acute kidney injury and are increasingly used in literature.
The equilibrium unfolding pathway of a ( b / a ) 8 barrel

Department of Biochemistry Stanford University, 279 Campus Drive West, Stanford CA 94305, USA The (b/a)8 barrel is the most commonly occurring fold among enzymes. A key step towards rationally engineering (b/a)8 barrel proteins is to understand their underlying structural organization and folding energetics. Using misincorporation proton–alkyl exchange (MPAX), a new tool for solution structural studies of large proteins, we have performed a nativestate exchange analysis of the prototypical (b/a)8 barrel triosephosphate isomerase. Three cooperatively unfolding subdomains within the structure are identified, as well as two partially unfolded forms of the protein. The C-terminal domain coincides with domains reported to exist in four other (b/a)8 barrels, but the two N-terminal domains have not been observed previously. These partially unfolded forms may represent sequential intermediates on the folding pathway of triosephosphate isomerase. The methods reported here should be applicable to a variety of other biological problems involving protein conformational changes. q 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
How experienced intensive care nurses communicate with families about shift to end-of-life care

Commentary on : Peden-McAlpine C, Liaschenko J, Traudt T, et al. Constructing the story: how nurses work with families regarding withdrawal of aggressive treatment in ICU—a narrative study. Int J Nurs Stud 2015;52:1146–56. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] The quality of communication related to withdrawal of aggressive treatment in the ICU has been a common theme over two decades of research.1 However, this research has … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DInt%2BJ%2BNurs%2BStud%26rft.volume%253D52%26rft.spage%253D1146%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.ijnurstu. 2015.03. 015%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25882315%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1016/j.ijnurstu. 2015.03. 015&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=25882315&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F19%2F2%2F48.atom
When will zeros of time-delay systems cross imaginary axis?

A time-delay system may or may not be stable for different periods of delay. When will then a delay system be stable or unstable, and for what ranges of delay? This paper attempts to answer these questions. We show that by finding a set of critical delay values, for which the system's characteristic quasipolynomial has zeros on the imaginary axis, it is possible to determine its stability in the full range of the delay parameter by characterizing the analytical behaviors of the zeros. This characterization is facilitated by an operator perturbation approach, which is both conceptually attractive and computationally efficient. The entire procedure, which first identifies the critical zeros on the imaginary axis and next determines whether the zeros cross the imaginary axis, requires only solving a generalized eigenvalue problem.
A Closer Look at Unmet Needs at the End of Primary Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Longitudinal Pilot Study

This study describes the nature of unmet needs (UN) as women with breast cancer transition from “patient” to “survivor. ” Data are from a longitudinal study of 90 women with stage I–III breast cancer. Data were collected 2–3 weeks before, and 10 weeks after, completion of radiation. A modified Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN) instrument measured UN. Most participants reported ≥1 unmet need at baseline (80.00%) and follow-up (69.31%), with UN across physical, healthcare, information, psychosocial, and survivorship domains. Total number of UN declined over time, t(87) = 3.00, p < . 01. UN likely to persist from baseline to follow-up involved cancer recurrence concerns, stress management, household responsibilities, and others not acknowledging/understanding cancer. Younger women (p = .01) and those with more severe (p < .01), life-interfering (p = .01) symptoms had greater burden of UN. This study highlights the dynamics of UN in the weeks before and after primary treatment. Future studies should identify long-term consequences of persistent UN.
A transmit diversity scheme using space-time spreading for DS-CDMA systems in Rayleigh fading channels

The application of space-time block coding (STBC) in the downlink of a communication system has shown to improve the quality of the received signal at the mobile user by placing the spatial diversity at the base station. In this paper, we propose a simple space-time spreading scheme for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems over fast-fading channels. The proposed transmit diversity scheme is based on two transmit and one receive antenna and is suitable for Rayleigh fast-fading channels. In this we employ orthogonal spreading codes to exploit the time diversity introduced by the channel, and hence a two-fold of the diversity order obtained using existing space- time spreading schemes is achieved. Nevertheless, for slowly- fading channels, we show that the proposed coding scheme reduces to existing schemes introduced in the literature with no performance degradation. Finally, we examine the effect of using nonorthogonal spreading codes on the receiver performance. Our results show that using a simple adaptive decoder, based on the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) criterion, the diversity order is still maintained and only a small loss in the signal-to- noise ratio is incurred relative to the ideal case with orthogonal codes.
Preconception biomarkers of allostatic load and racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

BACKGROUND Large disparities in adverse birth outcomes persist between African American and white women in the US despite decades of research, policy, and public health intervention. Allostatic load is an index of dysregulation across multiple physiologic systems that results from chronic exposure to stress in the physical and socio-cultural environment which may lead to earlier health deterioration among racially or socio-economically disadvantaged groups. The purpose of this investigation was to examine relationships between maternal biomarkers of allostatic load prior to conception and the occurrence of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants among a cohort of white and African American women participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study. METHODS Data from women participants were linked to the birth record of their first-born infant. Principal components analysis was used to construct an index of allostatic load as a summary of the weighted contribution of nine biomarkers representing three physiologic domains: cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems. A series of Poisson regression models based on samples ranging from 1467 to 375 women were used to examine race, individual biomarkers of allostatic load, and quartiles of the allostatic load index as predictors of preterm birth (n = 150, 10.2%) and small for gestational age (n = 135, 9.2%). RESULTS There was no evidence of a relationship between maternal preconception allostatic load and either adverse birth outcome in this sample. Further, there was no evidence of effect modification of by race or education. CONCLUSIONS More work is needed in understanding the biological mechanisms linking social inequities to racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes.
Processing real-time, non-aggregate queries with time-constraints in CASE-DB

The problem of time-constrained query evaluation in a single-user database management system (DBMS) is considered. CASE-DB is a real-time, single user, relational prototype DBMS that uses the relational algebra as its query language. Given a nonaggregate query and a fragment chain for each input relation of the query. CASE-DB uses iterative query evaluation techniques to obtain a response first to a modified version of the query, and then to successively improved versions of the query. CASE-DB controls the risk of overspending the time quota at each step using a risk control technique. For periodically occurring queries, CASE-DB uses incremental query evaluation techniques that make sure that each operator in the query has at least one operand relation which contains the changes in the last period, and is expected to be very small compared to the actual database relation. <<ETX>>
Cognitive Decline in Normal Ageing and Early Alzheimer’s Disease: A Continuous or Discontinuous Transition?

A longstanding debate in dementia research (e.g. [2]) has been whether normal ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are extremes that lie along the same continuum (continuity view), or whether AD is categorically different from normal ageing (discontinuity view). As age is the one and only promoting factor for developing AD, it is appropriate to examine its relationship to normal ageing. This question has become more and more relevant for clinical practice considering increased average life expectancy and, consequently, increased prevalence of dementia. Thus, does everyone who lives long enough eventually develop dementia or AD in particular? In other words, are cognitive changes at very old age really different from cognitive decline in (early) AD? If they are not, these changes would only differ in degree, at a quantitative level, which would be in favour of the continuity hypothesis. The discontinuity hypothesis, however, states that these changes not only differ in degree but also in kind, at a qualitative level. Some studies report results that may be interpreted in favour of the continuity hypothesis (e.g. [1,4,8]), whereas other studies seem to adhere to the discontinuity hypothesis (e.g. [3,5,9]). This discrepancy may be explained by several methodological issues. First of all, the characteristics of the contrasted clinical groups may differ a lot. More specifically, the investigation of differences in performance between very healthy and very demented participants may cause a bias in favour of the
Nucleotide sequence of the fabE gene and flanking regions containing a bent DNA sequence of Escherichia coli.

We present the nucleotide sequence of the fabE gene, which encodes a subunit of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase; biotin carboxyl carrier protein (1). The temperature sensitive phenotype of E. coli strain LA2-22 carrying the fabE22 allele was complemented by transforming it by a high-copy-number plasmid, on which the 595-bp PvuII-SaclI fragment was cloned. Sequencing of this region revealed the presence of an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 156 amino acids. The 82 amino acid sequence of a proteolytic fragment of the biotin carboxyl arrier protein has been determined by amino acid sequencing (3). The identical amino acid sequence was found at the C-terminal portion of the 156 amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence (indicated by an underline). At the upstream region of the fabE coding sequence, we also found the nucleotide sequence corresponding to that of a bent DNA segment (BENT-18), which has been randomly cloned from the E. coli total chromosome, and characterized previously (indicated by a box).
Vers une modélisation de l'intérêt

Un aspect important des interactions humaines est lie au fait que les individus exigent les uns des autres que leurs messages apparaissent comme interessants, les autres messages etant percus comme inutiles, genants, voire ineptes. Nous proposons ici un modele de l'interet, for-me a partir de l'observation des conversations spontanees. Nous verifions que de fortes contraintes portent sur le contenu des messages admissibles. Nous identifions en particulier une classe de messages "inte-ressants" ignoree des modeles habituels : les messages portant sur un etat de fait improbable, que nous analy-sons comme associes a une valeur informationnelle elevee. Les applications potentielles de ce modele vont de la selection automatique des informations a l'interaction humain-machine
Mutations in the EGFR: The Importance of Genotyping

Gefitinib reached the clinic with anticipation, but initial clinical trials weredisappointing with only a small number of patients showing response to treatment. Intwo recent articles published simultaneously, Lynch et al, and Paez et al. help to explainthose initial clinical findings. Both groups report that somatic mutations found within thecoding region of the EGFR may predict the sensitivity to gefitinib treatment.
Some applications of a fundamental scheme to simple implementations of the finite-difference time-domain method and the beam-propagation method

A fundamental scheme has recently been developed for simple implementations of the implicit finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods based on the alternating-direction implicit and locally one-dimensional (LOD) schemes. The advantage of the fundamental scheme is that the number of arithmetic operations of the resultant equations is significantly reduced in the right-hand sides, when compared to that without the fundamental scheme. In this article, we develop a frequency-dependent LOD body-of-revolution FDTD based on the fundamental scheme. For the assessment of the developed method, a plasmonic rod waveguide is analyzed with attention to the time step size beyond the stability limit. We also apply the fundamental scheme to a reformulation of the full-vectorial beam-propagation method for the eigenmode analysis of optical waveguides.
Human hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is unaltered by 8 h of preceding isocapnic hyperoxia

Exposure to sustained hypoxia of 8 h duration increases the sensitivity of the pulmonary vasculature to acute hypoxia, but it is not known whether exposure to sustained hyperoxia affects human pulmonary vascular control. We hypothesized that exposure to 8 h of hyperoxia would diminish the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) that occurs in response to a brief exposure to hypoxia. Eleven healthy volunteers were studied in a crossover protocol with randomization of order. Each volunteer was exposed to acute isocapnic hypoxia (end‐tidal PO2 = 50 mmHg for 10 min) before and after 8 h of hyperoxia (end‐tidal PO2 = 420 mmHg) or euoxia (end‐tidal PO2 = 100 mmHg). After at least 3 days, each volunteer returned and was exposed to the other condition. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (an index of HPV) and cardiac output were measured, using Doppler echocardiography. Eight hours of hyperoxia had no effect on HPV or the response of cardiac output to acute hypoxia.
Contribution à l’étude des chaînes de spin quantique avec une perturbation aléatoire ou apériodique

Au cours de cette these, nous avons etudie le comportement critique de chaines de spins quantiques en presence de couplages desordonnes ou repartis de maniere aperiodique. Il est bien etabli que le comportement critique des chaines de spins quantiques d’Ising et de Potts est gouverne par le meme point fixe de desordre infini. Nous avons implemente une version numerique de la technique de renormalisation de desordre infini (SDRG) afin de tester cette prediction. Dans un second temps, nous avons etudie la chaine quantique d’Ashkin-Teller desordonnee par renormalisation de la matrice densite (DMRG). Nous confirmons le diagramme de phase precedemment propose en determinant la position des pics du temps d’autocorrelation integre des correlations spin-spin et polarisation-polarisation ainsi que ceux des fluctuations de l’aimantation et de la polarisation. Enfin, l’existence d’une double phase de Griffiths est confirmee par une etude detaillee de la decroissance des fonctions d’autocorrelation en dehors des lignes critiques. Comme attendu, l’exposant dynamique diverge a l’approche de ces lignes. Dans le cas aperiodique, nous avons etudie les chaines quantiques d’Ising et de Potts. En utilisant la methode SDRG, nous avons confirme les resultats connus pour la chaine d’Ising et propose des estimations de la dimension d’echelle magnetique. Dans le cas du modele de Potts a q etats, nous avons estime l’exposant magnetique et observe qu’il etait independant du nombre d’etats q pour toutes les sequences dont l’exposant de divagation est nul. Toutefois, nous montrons que l’exposant dynamique est fini et augmente avec le nombre d’etats q. En revanche, pour la sequence de Rudin-Shapiro, les resultats sont compatibles avec un point fixe de desordre infini et donc un exposant dynamique infini.
The Bigman Metaphor for Entrepreneurship: A "Library Tale" with Morals on Alternatives for Further Research

Melanesian Bigmanship (a meritocratic, enacted career of political-economic leadership) is recounted as an anthropological metaphor for entrepreneurship. This “library tale” has two purposes. The first is a demonstration of conceptual uses of ethnographies for developing grounded theory. Propositions are generated on entrepreneurial orientations and opportunity structures. Opportunities are seen to arise in the creation of linkages between spheres of exchange, or fields in which an object exchanges at different values. Entrepreneurial tactics, such as converting between spheres, call for skills in informal planning, astute use of timing, and networking. These “tactical” skills coexist with “moral” skills, in persuasiveness, the manipulation of norms, and recognition of culturally specific opportunities. The entrepreneur's acts thus create a dialectic of moral (normatively approved) and tactical (instrumentally enacted) changes.The second purpose is a demonstration of methodological implications of ethnographies. Library tales are helpful in the process of “constant comparison” (Glaser and Strauss 1967), by augmenting available, within-site observations with other sources of insight, and of potential disconfirmation of emerging ideas. However, there are limits to the “translation” of library tales. There thus arises a need for observations tailored to specific comparative questions. Multiple site case replication research is suggested for tailoring observations to synchronic, comparative uses. Processual, continuous contextual analysis is suggested for diachronic, intensive followups to such questions as the relationships amongst constraints and individual agency.
NEUROPEPTIDE Y AND MESENTERIC SYMPATHETIC VASOCONSTRICTION IN PREGNANT AND NON‐PREGNANT WISTAR‐KYOTO RATS

1. We have investigated the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in sympathetic vasoconstriction and its possible contribution to decreased mesenteric vasoconstrictor responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) in pregnancy in vivo using an in situ blood‐perfused mesenteric preparation in 18‐20 day pregnant and age‐matched non‐pregnant Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats.
Mirroring Facial Expressions and Emotions in Dyadic Conversations

This paper presents an investigation of mirroring facial expressions and the emotions which they convey in dyadic naturally occurring first encounters. Mirroring facial expressions are a common phenomenon in face-to-face interactions, and they are due to the mirror neuron system which has been found in both animals and humans. Researchers have proposed that the mirror neuron system is an important component behind many cognitive processes such as action learning and understanding the emotions of others. Preceding studies of the first encounters have shown that overlapping speech and overlapping facial expressions are very frequent. In this study, we want to determine whether the overlapping facial expressions are mirrored or are otherwise correlated in the encounters, and to what extent mirroring facial expressions convey the same emotion. The results of our study show that the majority of smiles and laughs, and one fifth of the occurrences of raised eyebrows are mirrored in the data. Moreover some facial traits in co-occurring expressions co-occur more often than it would be expected by chance. Finally, amusement, and to a lesser extent friendliness, are often emotions shared by both participants, while other emotions indicating individual affective states such as uncertainty and hesitancy are never showed by both participants, but co-occur with complementary emotions such as friendliness and support. Whether these tendencies are specific to this type of conversations or are more common should be investigated further.