Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversible Logic-Based Fault-Tolerant Nanocircuits in QCA

Parity-preserving reversible circuits are gaining importance for the development of fault-tolerant systems in nanotechnology. On the other hand, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), a potential alternative to CMOS, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. This work targets design of reversible ALU (arithmetic logic unit) in QCA (Quantum-dot Cellular Automata) framework. The design is based on the fault tolerant reversible adders (FTRA) introduced in this paper. The proposed fault tolerant adder is a parity-preserving gate, and QCA implementation of FTRA achieved 47.38% fault-free output in the presence of all possible single missing/additional cell defects. The proposed designs are verified and evaluated over the existing ALU designs and found to be more efficient in terms of design complexity and quantum cost.
Testing a Web-Based, Trained-Peer Model to Build Capacity for Evidence-Based Practices in Community Mental Health Systems.

OBJECTIVE Use of expert-led workshops plus consultation has been established as an effective strategy for training community mental health (CMH) clinicians in evidence-based practices (EBPs). Because of high rates of staff turnover, this strategy inadequately addresses the need to maintain capacity to deliver EBPs. This study examined knowledge, competency, and retention outcomes of a two-phase model developed to build capacity for an EBP in CMH programs. METHODS In the first phase, an initial training cohort in each CMH program participated in in-person workshops followed by expert-led consultation (in-person, expert-led [IPEL] phase) (N=214 clinicians). After this cohort completed training, new staff members participated in Web-based training (in place of in-person workshops), followed by peer-led consultation with the initial cohort (Web-based, trained-peer [WBTP] phase) (N=148). Tests of noninferiority assessed whether WBTP was not inferior to IPEL at increasing clinician cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) competency, as measured by the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale. RESULTS WBTP was not inferior to IPEL at developing clinician competency. Hierarchical linear models showed no significant differences in CBT knowledge acquisition between the two phases. Survival analyses indicated that WBTP trainees were less likely than IPEL trainees to complete training. In terms of time required from experts, WBTP required 8% of the resources of IPEL. CONCLUSIONS After an initial investment to build in-house CBT expertise, CMH programs were able to use a WBTP model to broaden their own capacity for high-fidelity CBT. IPEL followed by WBTP offers an effective alternative to build EBP capacity in CMH programs, rather than reliance on external experts.
Perspectives on health inequity

The book presents the views of experts of different backgrounds on causes and solutions of health inequity. These views are given as a reaction on data on health inequalities using the 1994 New South Wales Health Promotion Survey (New South Wales is a large region in the south east of Australia, including Sydney). The presented survey data focus on health differences by …
Investigation of the Prevalence and Number of Aberrant Crypt Foci Associated with Human Colorectal Neoplasm

Background: Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are considered to be useful as surrogate biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC), but the biological significance of ACF remains controversial. We attempted to investigate the relationship between the presence of ACF and human colorectal carcinogenesis using a relatively large sample size. Methods: We carried out high-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy to identify ACFs in 861 subjects undergoing a diagnostic endoscopy at the Yokohama City University Hospital. The present study compared the prevalence and number of ACFs in three subject groups (normal subjects, adenoma cases, and CRC cases). The correlations between the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the subjects and the prevalence of ACFs were also assessed. Results: The prevalence of ACF was 64%, 88%, and 95%, and the mean number of ACF was 3.6, 6.2, and 10.1, in normal subjects, adenoma cases, and CRC cases, respectively. When differences in the prevalence and number of ACFs among age- and sex-stratified subject groups were examined, significant stepwise increments from normal subjects to adenoma cases to CRC cases were apparent (P < 0.001). Moreover, an age- and sex-adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking and alcohol habits had a synergistic effect, increasing the prevalence of ACFs as well as the risk of CRC (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These results suggested that ACF may serve as a reliable surrogate biomarker for human colorectal carcinogenesis. Impact: The use of ACF as an endpoint may enable the size, duration, and cost of CRC chemoprevention studies to be reduced. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(9); 1918–24. ©2011 AACR.
National Trends in Intimate Partner Homicide

The authors investigated U.S. trends in intimate partner homicide stratified by relationship type and race during the period 1976 to 1995. Data sources were the Supplemental Homicide Reports and the United States Current Population Survey. Rates of homicide victimization decreased during the past 20 years among all intimate partners except for White, unmarried females. The authors explore possible explanations for these trends. Results replicate previous findings regarding downward national trends in partner homicides, but with three methodological differneces. The authors examined spouses and exspouses separately, used de- nominator data that were specific to the population at risk, and included same-sex partners.
Interactive Sketch-Based Normal Map Generation with Deep Neural Networks

High-quality normal maps are important intermediates for representing complex shapes. In this paper, we propose an interactive system for generating normal maps with the help of deep learning techniques. Utilizing the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework, our method produces high quality normal maps with sketch inputs. In addition, we further enhance the interactivity of our system by incorporating user-specified normals at selected points. Our method generates high quality normal maps in real time. Through comprehensive experiments, we show the effectiveness and robustness of our method. A thorough user study indicates the normal maps generated by our method achieve a lower perceptual difference from the ground truth compared to the alternative methods.
A Joint Encryption and Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Integer-DWT and Arnold Map Permutation

A joint encryption and reversible data hiding (joint encryption-RDH) scheme is proposed in this paper. The cover image is transformed to the frequency domain with integer discrete wavelet transform (integer DWT) for the encryption and data hiding. Additional data is hidden into the permuted middle (LH, HL) and high (HH) frequency subbands of integer DWT coefficients with a histogram modification based method. A combination of permutations both in the frequency domain and in the spatial domain is imposed for the encryption. In the receiving end, the encrypted image with hidden data can be decrypted to the image with hidden data, which is similar to the original image without hidden data, by only using the encryption key; if someone has both the data hiding key and the encryption key, he can both extract the hidden data and reversibly recover the original image. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with existing joint encryption-RDH schemes, the proposed scheme has gained larger embedding capacity, and the distribution of the encrypted image with data hidden has a random like behavior. It can also achieve the lossless restoration of the cover image.
CXCL12 (SDF1α)-CXCR4/CXCR7 Pathway Inhibition: An Emerging Sensitizer for Anticancer Therapies?

Addition of multiple molecularly targeted agents to the existing armamentarium of chemotherapeutics and radiotherapies represents a significant advance in the management of several advanced cancers. In certain tumor types with no efficacious therapy options, these agents have become the first line of therapy, for example, sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma or bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma. Unfortunately, in many cases, the survival benefits are modest, lasting only weeks to a few months. Moreover, they may not show benefit in patients with localized disease (i.e., in the adjuvant setting). Recent studies have provided increasing evidence that activation of the chemokine CXCL12 (SDF1α) pathway is a potential mechanism of tumor resistance to both conventional therapies and biological agents via multiple complementary actions: (i) by directly promoting cancer cell survival, invasion, and the cancer stem and/or tumor-initiating cell phenotype; (ii) by recruiting “distal stroma” (i.e., myeloid bone marrow–derived cells) to indirectly facilitate tumor recurrence and metastasis; and (iii) by promoting angiogenesis directly or in a paracrine manner. Here, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical data that support the potential use of anti-CXCL12 agents (e.g., AMD3100, NOX-A12, or CCX2066) as sensitizers to currently available therapies by targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL12/CXCR7 pathways. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2074–80. ©2011 AACR.
Reach, Awareness and Uptake of Media Guidelines for Reporting Suicide and Mental Illness: An Australian Perspective

In recent years there has been international interest in media portrayal of suicide and mental illness and the impact that reporting may have on community understanding, attitudes and behaviour. Many countries have developed guidelines and resources for media reporting to encourage responsible and sensitive coverage. However, there has been little international evaluation of the extent to which journalists have embraced and followed media guidelines. In Australia, the Mindframe Media and Mental Health Project has implemented a national dissemination strategy that supports media professionals in their understanding and use of the guidelines. This has been achieved by face-to-face briefings, further resource development, promotional activities and work with peak bodies to implement changes in codes of practice. This paper examines the effectiveness of an active dissemination strategy, highlighting both quantitative and qualitative evaluation data that indicates substantial reach, awareness of, support for and uptake of these resources by media professionals in Australia.
Evaluation of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Effect in Osteosarcoma

Purpose: Various diagnostic imaging modalities have been used to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma early and noninvasively. We evaluated the effectiveness of imaging studies of plain radiographs and positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect for osteosarcoma and tried to establish a general principle in interpretation of PET/CT parameters. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients who underwent two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical excision for osteosarcoma were enrolled. There were 13 males and 5 females, with a median age of 19 (11−63) years. Fifteen patients of 18 had the American Joint Committe on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIB. They had plain radiographs and PET/CT before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The resected tumor specimens were pathologically examined to determine histological response grade using a conventional mapping method. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between histopathological necrosis rate, and radiographic finding category, post-chemotherapy maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), average standardized uptake value and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) as well as reduction rates of them. Results: Eight patients were good responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on histological evaluation. Median SUVmax reduction rate was 73 (23−77) % in good responders and 42 (-32−76) % in poor responders. Median MTV reduction rate was 93.5 (62−99) % in good responders and 46 (-81−100) % in poor responders. While radiographic finding category was not different according to histological response (p=1.0), SUVmax reduction rate was significantly different (p=0.041). Difference in MTV reduction rates approached statistical significance as well (p=0.071). Conclusion: While radiographic finding category was not reliable to assess neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect for osteosarcoma, reduction rate of SUVmax was a useful indicator in this study. As parameters of PET/CT can be influenced by various factors of settings, different centers have to make an effort to establish their own standard of judgement with reference of previous studies.
Falls After Stroke: Results From the Auckland Regional Community Stroke (ARCOS) Study, 2002 to 2003

Background and Purpose— Falls are an important issue in older people. We aimed to determine the incidence, circumstances, and predictors of falls in patients with recent acute stroke. Methods— The Auckland Regional Community Stroke (ARCOS) study was a prospective population-based stroke incidence study conducted in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) during 2002 to 2003. Among 6-month survivors, the location and consequences of any falls were ascertained by self-report as part of a structured interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to establish associations between risk factors and “any” and “injurious” falls. Results— Of 1104 stroke survivors who completed an interview, 407 (37%) reported at least 1 fall, 151 (37% of fallers, 14% of stroke survivors) sustained an injury that required medical treatment, and 31 (8% of fallers, 3% of stroke survivors) sustained a fracture. The majority of falls occurred indoors at home. Independent factors associated with falls were depressive symptoms, disability, previous falls, and older age. For injurious falls, the positively associated factors were female sex and NZ/European ethnicity and dependence before the stroke, whereas higher levels of activity and normal cognition were negatively associated factors. Conclusions— Falls are common after stroke, and their predictive factors are similar to those for older people in general. Falls prevention programs require implementation in stroke services.
Role of the TGFβ/PDCD4/AP-1 Signaling Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Relationship to Prognosis

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of the TGFβ/PDCD4/AP-1 pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its relationship to NPC prognosis. Methods: NPC tissues collected from 66 NPC patients were compared to 17 nasopharyngeal mucosa biopsy specimens collected as normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess expression of transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGFβRI), programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to evaluate NPC patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free-survival (PFS). Cox regression analysis was used to estimate independent prognostic factors for NPC. The human NPC cell line CNE2 was selected and treated with SB431542, an inhibitor of TGFβRI; expression of TGFβRI and PDCD4 in CNE2 cells was determined by western blotting. NPC tissues showed higher expression of TGFβRI and AP-1 but lower expression of PDCD4 than normal tissues (all P < 0.05). Results: The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that TGFβRI-positive patients and AP-1-positive patients had shorter OS and PFS than TGFβRI-negative patients and AP-1-negative patients; additionally, PDCD4-positive patients had higher OS and PFS than PDCD4-negative patients. Cox regression analysis revealed that advanced tumor stage, overexpression of TGFβRI and AP-1, and low expression of PDCD4 were unfavorable factors influencing OS and PFS in NPC patients. Compared with the control group, expression of TGFβRI decreased and that of PDCD4 increased significantly in CNE2 cells treated with the inhibitor (all P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the TGFβ/PDCD4/AP-1 pathway may be associated with NPC development and progression. Conclusion: High expression of TGFβRI and AP-1 and low expression of PDCD4 may be unfavorable prognostic factors for NPC.
The Role of Spatial Selective Attention in Working Memory for Locations: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Abstract We investigated the hypothesis that the covert focusing of spatial attention mediates the on-line maintenance of location information in spatial working memory. During the delay period of a spatial working-memory task, behaviorally irrelevant probe stimuli were flashed at both memorized and nonmemorized locations. Multichannel recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to assess visual processing of the probes at the different locations. Consistent with the hypothesis of attention-based rehearsal, early ERP components were enlarged in response to probes that appeared at memorized locations. These visual modulations were similar in latency and topography to those observed after explicit manipulations of spatial selective attention in a parallel experimental condition that employed an identical stimulus display.
Pregnancy outcomes after failed cervical ripening with prostaglandin E2 followed by Foley balloon catheter

Abstract Objective: To study pregnancy outcomes of cervical ripening with Foley catheter, in women who failed to respond to prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2). Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all patients with a singleton pregnancy, who underwent cervical ripening with vaginal PGE2, between 2013 and 2014, was performed. Patients who failed to respond to a total dose of 6–9 mg PGE2, defined as no change in Bishop score, underwent subsequent ripening with Foley catheter (non-responders group). Data were compared to patients who achieved sufficient response to a total dose of up to 9 mg PGE2 (responders group). Results: Compared with the responders group (n = 813), patients in the non-responders group (n = 49) had higher rates of nulliparity (p < 0.001), pre-induction cervical dilation ≤1 cm (p = 0.004), pre-induction cervical effacement ≤50% (p = 0.01) and birth weight >4000 g (p = 0.02). A significantly higher cesarean delivery rate was observed in the non-responders group (51 versus 12.3%, p < 0.001). Failed ripening with PGE2 was found to be independently associated with cesarean delivery (aOR = 5.11, 95% CI = 2.72–9.62). Conclusions: The need for an additional cervical ripening method after failure with PGE2 is associated with a very high risk of cesarean delivery. This is particularly significant in nulliparous women, women carrying large fetuses, and women presenting with a low Bishop score.
Helping Your Patients Become Active

Exercise and physical activity are major contributors to the prevention and management of diabetes. Dating back as far as 1000 AD, Greek physicians prescribed exercise as a way to improve health. Dr. Elliot P. Joslin encouraged his patients to become more physically active; one method was to get a dog from a local shelter and walk it a few times a day.1 In the present era of medicine, exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes care. It is prescribed to prevent diabetes, improve diabetes control, and promote weight loss. People with type 2 and some people with type 1 diabetes are often sedentary and in most cases are overweight or obese. These struggles usually have a negative impact on diabetes control. People with diabetes benefit greatly from consistent physical activity because activity helps in managing glucose levels, losing weight, preventing and controlling comorbidities and complications, and improving quality of life.2 Thus, health care providers should and often do encourage their patients to become physically active. However, clinicians' lack of knowledge with regard to exercise often presents a challenge. Exercise advice must include proper guidance about the appropriate type, duration, and frequency of exercise and about blood glucose management with exercise. This article discusses the basic physiology and glucose metabolism with exercise, barriers to becoming physically active and solutions to those barriers, options for exercise with the presence of diabetes complications and orthopedic issues, and guidance for blood glucose management with exercise. Glucose is the energy source for the muscles. Type 2 diabetes, with its associated insulin resistance, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension, interferes with the glucose supply to the muscles. In type 1 diabetes, lack of insulin production by the β-cells in the pancreas is associated with hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision, and weight loss. An inadequate supply of …
Association between TNF -α ( –308 G → A) Gene Polymorphism and Chronic Periodontitis

1. Department of Histology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2. Department of Histology, Genetic of 6TNon-communicable Diseases Research Center6T, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 3. Department of Histology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 4. Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 5. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Cinco años de experiencia con el agar de capa delgada para el diagnóstico rápido de tuberculosis

Tuberculosis represents a public health problem worldwide, mainly in developing countries where 95% of the cases occur. New technologies that support rapid diagnosis are not available in these settings because of high cost. New, rapid, and less expensive techniques are necessary before diagnosis can be improved in these areas. The present work compared the performance of a rapid and costly culture media, thin layer agar (CD7H11), with the traditional Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture method. For this comparison, 1,809 clinical specimens were processed for diagnosis of mycobacterial infections. Clinical samples were processed according to standard procedures and cultured concomitantly in LJ and CD7H11. The times required to obtain an isolate were compared for culture media. Sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), predictive values (PPV, NPV) and agreement (kappa coefficient) were calculated for CD7H11, with LJ serving as the gold standard. CD7H11 showed S to be 73.5% (C.I.95%: 69.6-80.4), Sp to be 99.2% (C.I.95%: 98.8-99.6), PPV 90.4% (C.I.95%: 85.3-95.6) and NPV 97.6% (C.I.95%: 96.8-98.3). Agreement had a kappa coefficient of 0.52. The mean time for CD7H11 was 11 days (SD+/-4.9) compared with 26.5 (SD+/-8.6) days for LJ. Similar results were obtained in a comparison of respiratory and multibacillary clinical samples. In extrapulmonary samples and those with lowered bacillus count, CD7H11 demonstrated a lower sensitivity. The concomitant use of both culture media enhanced sensitivity of detection. CD7H11 proved a simple and rapid technique for culturing mycobacteria and can be combined with traditional methods for improving laboratory capability for diagnosis of tuberculosis.