Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The vitamin D status of Canadians relative to the 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes: an examination in children and adults with and without supplement use.

BACKGROUND The 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for vitamin D use 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations to define vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L), the Estimated Average Requirement (40 nmol/L), and the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA; 50 nmol/L). The Canadian population has not yet been assessed according to these recommendations. OBJECTIVE We determined the prevalence of meeting DRI recommendations and the role of vitamin D supplement use among Canadians aged 6-79 y. DESIGN Plasma 25(OH)D from a representative sample of Canadians in the Canadian Health Measures Survey-Cycle 1 (n = 5306) were used. Supplement use was assessed by household interview. Concentrations of 25(OH)D were compared in supplement users and nonusers by season and race. RESULTS Overall, 5.4%, 12.7%, and 25.7% of the participants had 25(OH)D concentrations below the 30-, 40-, and 50-nmol/L cutoffs, respectively. In white Canadians, plasma 25(OH)D concentrations ranged from an undetectable percentage with concentrations <30 nmol/L in summer to 24.5% with concentrations <50 nmol/L in winter; the corresponding values ranged from 12.5% to 53.1% in nonwhite Canadians. Supplement users had significantly higher 25(OH)D concentrations than did nonusers, and no seasonal differences were found. In nonsupplement users, the prevalence of 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L in winter was 37.2% overall and was 60.7% in nonwhites. CONCLUSIONS One-quarter of Canadians did not meet the RDA, but the use of vitamin D supplements contributed to a better 25(OH)D status. Nonwhite Canadians had the highest risk of not achieving DRI recommendations. More than one-third of Canadians not using supplements did not meet the RDA in winter. This suggests that current food choices alone are insufficient to maintain 25(OH)D concentrations of 50 nmol/L in many Canadians, especially in winter.
Mesure de l’exposition aux Composés Organiques Volatils en milieu industriel

Les Composes Organiques Volatils (COV) sont des gaz emis par des milliers de produits d’usages courants. Beaucoup d’entre eux sont dangereux pour l’exposition humaine.De nombreux pays disposent de legislations pour controler ces expositions.Il est donc necessaire de realiser des mesures pertinentes et fiables de concentrations dans l’air dans differents contextes industriels complexes.Cet article presente les resultats de nombreuses mesures reelles. Il montre que de telles mesures permettent souvent de trouver des solutions simples et economiques de reduction des expositions.Il montre egalement la necessite d’avoir sur site des capacites d’etalonnage des instruments pour obtenir des resultants fiables.
Charge-carrier dynamics near the Mott-Anderson transition in molecular conductors

We report on fluctuation spectroscopy measurements as a powerful new tool to study the low-frequency dynamics of correlated charge carriers in quasi-two-dimensional molecular conductors κ-(BEDT-TTF)2X. These materials are on the verge of a Mott metal-insulator transition. In earlier studies, a diverging 1/f-type noise has been observed upon approaching the finite-temperature critical endpoint of the Mott transition accompanied by a strong shift of spectral weight to low frequency and the onset of non-Gaussian fluctuations. In this paper, we discuss first results on a sample on the metallic side of the Mott transition, which is modified by disorder induced by x-ray irradiation. Upon approaching the Anderson-type localization, a pronounced peak in the noise indicates a strong change in the dynamics of the strongly correlated charge carriers.
Le Grenelle de l'environnement : une novation politique ?

Cet article analyse comment la politique publique de l’environnement a connu a partir de 2007 une etape tres importante, celle du « Grenelle de l’environnement ». L’auteur aborde tout d’abord en quoi le Grenelle a constitue une maniere inedite, de definir la politique de l’environnement grâce a la mise en place de structures originales et ouvertes sans pour autant constituer des nouveautes radicales et en faisant remarquer que l’Etat gardait globalement la main mise sur le processus.
Malaria y embarazo

El binomio malaria y embarazo ha sido reconocidocomo uno de los aspectos mas importantes en laproblematica generada por el paludismo. El estado de embarazo con su inmunosupresion secundaria y la presencia exclusiva en la placenta de receptorescomo el condroitinsulfato A (CSA) para ligandos deadhesion del parasito, hacen a la gestante massusceptible de presentar enfermedad. La endemicidad y estabilidad de la transmision de la malaria en la zona donde reside la gestante, asi como la paridad, influyen tanto en la incidencia de malaria como en el espectro clinico de complicaciones que ella produce durante la gravidez.
From Ribosome to Riboswitch: Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria by RNA Structural Rearrangements

ABSTRACT Structural elements in the 5′ region of a bacterial mRNA can have major effects on expression of downstream coding sequences. Folding of the nascent RNA into the helix of an intrinsic transcriptional terminator results in premature termination of transcription and in failure to synthesize the full-length transcript. Structure in the translation initiation region of an mRNA blocks access of the translation initiation complex to the ribosome binding site, thereby preventing protein synthesis. RNA structures can also affect the stability of an RNA by altering sensitivity to ribonucleases. A wide variety of mechanisms have been uncovered in which changes in mRNA structure in response to a regulatory signal are used to modulate gene expression in bacteria. These systems allow the cell to recognize an impressive array of signals, and to monitor those signals in many different ways.
Ageing test bench for electrolytic capacitors in the context of electric vehicles — Electrical and thermal modeling from real-time identification viewpoint

The aim of this paper is to present the design process and the use of an ageing test bench for electrolytic capacitors dedicated to automotive applications. For this purpose, a small electric vehicle (Renault Twizy) powertrain has been taken as an example in order to choose adapted capacitors, to evaluate their stress in a “real world” application and to determine the best solution for an accelerated ageing study. Thus, specific static converters used in a controlled oven have been designed. On the basis of these tests (and capacitors' impedance analysis), an accurate model of these components has been developed and the ageing process is to be continued after more 7000 hours already done.
A nickel-titanium shape memory alloy plate for contactless inverse dynamization after internal fixation in a sheep tibia fracture model: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND Inverse dynamization has recently been proposed for the treatment of tibia non-unions. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) may provide an opportunity for contactless non-invasive alteration of the stiffness of an implant after surgery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the feasibility of the one way shape memory effect in a large animal as well as the feasibility of our ovine large animal fracture model. METHODS A tibia osteotomy was performed in three sheep, followed by NiTi plate osteosynthesis in two cases and standard locking compression plate (LCP) osteosynthesis in one sheep. Contactless induction heating was performed after 3 weeks in order to alter the stiffness of the NiTi plates. Euthanasia was followed by biomechanical analysis after 8 weeks. RESULTS Successful change of configuration through contactless induction heating was shown in both SMA plates by image intensifier control. Although large differences in bending and torsional stiffness were observed between the operated and contralateral tibia, the sheep ambulated almost normally at six weeks post-operative. CONCLUSION We were able to trigger the one way shape memory effect which non-invasively altered the stiffness of the plate osteosynthesis.
EL CAPITAL DE TRABAJO NETO Y EL VALOR EN LAS EMPRESAS LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA RECOMPOSICIÓN DEL CAPITAL DE TRABAJO NETO EN LAS EMPRESAS QUE ATRAVIESAN O HAN ATRAVESADO CRÍSIS FINANCIERAS

La importancia del capital de trabajo en la generacion de valor de las empresas se pone en evidencia a partir de la ausencia del mismo. En este trabajo vamos a exponer que ocurre en las empresas cuando no hay el suficiente capital de trabajo y la importancia que reviste su recompo-sicion. Veremos, en los tres ejemplos presentados, como a partir de la recomposicion del capital de trabajo de se comienza o se mejora la actividad de las empresas y, por ende, la generacion de valor.
Future trends in the use of X-ray fluoroscopy for the measurement and modelling of joint motion

Knowledge of three-dimensional skeletal kinematics during functional activities such as walking, is required for accurate modelling of joint motion and loading, and is important in identifying the effects of injury and disease. For example, accurate measurement of joint kinematics is essential in understanding the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and its symptoms and for developing strategies to alleviate joint pain. Bi-plane X-ray fluoroscopy has the capacity to accurately and non-invasively measure human joint motion in vivo. Joint kinematics obtained using bi-plane X-ray fluoroscopy will aid in the development of more complex musculoskeletal models, which may be used to assess joint function and disease and plan surgical interventions and post-operative rehabilitation strategies. At present, however, commercial C-arm systems constrain the motion of the subject within the imaging field of view, thus precluding recording of motions such as overground gait. These fluoroscopy systems also operate at low frame rates and therefore cannot accurately capture high-speed joint motion during tasks such as running and throwing. In the future, bi-plane fluoroscopy systems may include computer-controlled tracking for the measurement of joint kinematics over entire cycles of overground gait without constraining motion of the subject. High-speed cameras will facilitate measurement of high-impulse joint motions, and computationally efficient pose-estimation software may provide a fast and fully automated process for quantification of natural joint motion.
Inflammation and atrial remodeling after a mountain marathon

Endurance athletes have an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. We performed a longitudinal study on elite runners of the 2010 Jungfrau Marathon, a Swiss mountain marathon, to determine acute effects of long‐distance running on the atrial myocardium. Ten healthy male athletes were included and examined 9 to 1 week prior to the race, immediately after, and 1, 5, and 8 days after the race. Mean age was 34.9 ± 4.2 years, and maximum oxygen consumption was 66.8 ± 5.8 mL/kg*min. Mean race time was 243.9 ± 17.7 min. Electrocardiographic‐determined signal‐averaged P‐wave duration (SAPWD) increased significantly after the race and returned to baseline levels during follow‐up (128.7 ± 10.9 vs. 137.6 ± 9.8 vs. 131.5 ± 8.6 ms; P < 0.001). Left and right atrial volumes showed no significant differences over time, and there were no correlations of atrial volumes and SAPWD. Prolongation of the SAPWD was accompanied by a transient increase in levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines, total leucocytes, neutrophil granulocytes, pro atrial natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity troponin. In conclusion, marathon running was associated with a transient conduction delay in the atria, acute inflammation and increased atrial wall tension. This may reflect exercise‐induced atrial myocardial edema and may contribute to atrial remodeling over time, generating a substrate for atrial arrhythmias.
Cooperation of Six and Eya in Activation of Their Target Genes through Nuclear Translocation of Eya

ABSTRACT Drosophila sine oculis and eyes absentgenes synergize in compound-eye formation. The murine homologues of these genes, Six and Eya, respectively, show overlapping expression patterns during development. We hypothesized that Six and Eya proteins cooperate to regulate their target genes. Cotransfection assays were performed with various combinations of Six and Eya to assess their effects on a potential natural target, myogenin promoter, and on a synthetic promoter, the thymidine kinase gene promoter fused to multimerized Six4 binding sites. A clear synergistic activation of these promoters was observed in certain combinations of Six and Eya. To investigate the molecular basis for the cooperation, we first examined the intracellular distribution of Six and Eya proteins in transfected COS7 cells. Coexpression of Six2, Six4, or Six5 induced nuclear translocation of Eya1, Eya2, and Eya3, which were otherwise distributed in the cytoplasm. In contrast, coexpression of Six3 did not result in nuclear localization of any Eya proteins. Six and Eya proteins were coimmunoprecipitated from nuclear extracts prepared from cotransfected COS7 cells and from rat liver. Six domain and homeodomain, two evolutionarily conserved domains among various Six proteins, were necessary and sufficient for the nuclear translocation of Eya. In contrast, the Eya domain, a conserved domain among Eya proteins, was not sufficient for the translocation. A specific interaction between the Six domain and homeodomain of Six4 and Eya2 was observed by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Our results suggest that transcription regulation of certain target genes by Six proteins requires cooperative interaction with Eya proteins: complex formation through direct interaction and nuclear translocation of Eya proteins. This implies that the synergistic action of Six and Eya is conserved in the mouse and is mediated through cooperative activation of their target genes.
HELMINTH PARASITES OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS (STRIX OCCIDENTALIS CAURINA) FROM OREGON

Helminth parasites are reported for the first time from northern spotted owls. Seventyone percent of a sample of Strix occidentalis caurina from western Oregon was infected. Nematodes (Porrocaecum depressum, Capillaria falconis, Microtetrameres sp. and Synhimantus hamatus) were the most prevalent parasites although cestodes (Paruterina rauschi) and acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus conspectus) were also represented. There was an association between components of this helminth fauna and the diet of spotted owls which is dominated by small rodents. The occurrence of P. rauschi rather than P. candelabraria in this geographic region and host-species may provide additional support for recognition of a parapatric distribution in the ranges of Paruterina spp. among strigiforms in the Nearctic.
Evolutionary History and Phylogeography of Human Viruses

Understanding the evolutionary history of human viruses, along with the factors that have shaped their spatial distributions, is one of the most active areas of study in the field of microbial evolution. I give an overview of our current knowledge of the genetic diversity of human viruses using comparative studies of viral populations, particularly those with RNA genomes, to highlight important generalities in the patterns and processes of viral evolution. Special emphasis is given to the major dichotomy between RNA and DNA viruses in their epidemiological dynamics and the different types of phylogeographic pattern exhibited by human viruses. I also consider a central paradox in studies of viral evolution: Although epidemiological theory predicts that RNA viruses have ancestries dating back millennia, with major ecological transitions facilitating their emergence, the genetic diversity in currently circulating viral populations has a far more recent ancestry, indicative of continual lineage turnover. 307 Click here for quick links to Annual Reviews content online, including: • Other articles in this volume • Top cited articles • Top downloaded articles • Our comprehensive search Further ANNUAL REVIEWS A nn u. R ev . M ic ro bi ol . 2 00 8. 62 :3 07 -3 28 . D ow nl oa de d fr om a rj ou rn al s. an nu al re vi ew s. or g by N at io na l I ns tit ut e of H ea lth L ib ra ry o n 09 /2 2/ 09 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. ANRV354-MI62-17 ARI 5 August 2008 22:5 Phylogeography: the study of biogeography revealed by the comparison of phylogenetic trees of populations with the geographic distribution of each population
Correlación de mamoglobina con otros biomarcadores de cáncer de seno en una población colombiana

Introduccion: La mamoglobina humana, proteina especifica de tejido mamario, es considerada una herramienta promisoria para diagnostico temprano y pronostico de cancer de seno. Se correlaciono la presencia de mamoglobina con los biomarcadores tradicionales con el fin de validar su utilidad clinica. Metodologia: Se cuantifico la mamoglobina en pacientes de tres instituciones de tercer nivel de Bogota, con cancer de seno y se correlaciono con los marcadores clinicos y paraclinicos. Se utilizo la prueba de Mann-Whitney, la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y el Coeficiente de correlacion de Spearman, significancia 5% (P<0.05). Resultados: Muestra de 29 pacientes, edad promedio de 58.6, 86% con Carcinoma ductal infiltrante, 48% son Grado II, 45% Estadio IIA. La expresion de mamoglobina no mostro diferencias significativas con progestagenos (P=0.137, M-W), estrogenos (P=0.07, M-W), Erb2 (P=0.342, M-W), estadio (P=0.725, K-W), grado (P=0.536, K-W) y edad, (P=0.787, K-W). No existe correlacion entre mamoglobina con edad (P=0.405), area tumoral (P=0.216), grado (P=0.248) y estadio (P=0.347). Discusion: La mamoglobina, es un promisorio marcador diagnostico y pronostico de cancer de mama, son necesarios otros estudios para determinar aplicabilidad en nuestra poblacion.
Repellency and toxicity of three Impatiens species (Balsaminaceae) extracts on Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae)

The extracts of Impatiens noli-tangere, I. parviflora and I. glandulifera (Balsaminaceae) were evaluated for their effect on green peach aphid ( Myzus perssicae), an important insect pest of many plants. All the extracts showed insecticidal and repellent activity. After 54 h of exposure, the most active extract was Impatiens parviflora with 99.7 and 90.0 % mortality at 0.5 and 0.1 % concentrations, respectively, and with highly percent repellency (90-100%) at different times. The extract of I. parviflora contained tryptophan (2.13 mg/g); 2methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (0.02 mg/g), total flavone (7.64 mg/g) and total derivatives of caffeic acid (15.60
Perturbed Communication Games with Honest Senders and Naive Receivers

This paper studies communication games in which the sender is possibly honest (tells the truth) and the receiver is possibly naive (follows messages as if truthful). The characterization of message-monotone equilibria in the perturbed games explain several important aspects of strategic communication including sender exaggeration, receiver skepticism and message clustering. Surprisingly, the strategic receiver may respond to more aggressive claims with more moderate actions. In the limit as the probabilities of the non-strategic players approach zero, (i) the limit equilibrium corresponds to a most-informative equilibrium of the limit (Crawford-Sobel) game; (ii) only the top messages are sent.
An autonomous pricing strategy toward market economy in computational grids

One of the key steps in economy based grid resource allocation is to make reasonable prices for the grid resources. For resources' prices decide the resource flow in the grid, further influence grid resources' trading efficiency. This article, instead of discussing the pricing algorithm, argues an autonomous pricing mechanism that leaves the prices to be decided by the grid traders within their trading process. We firstly point out the factors that influence the resources' prices; then make out the trading flow for resource consumer agents and provider agents. By doing these, the two trading agents can decide their price due to the dynamic changes of the grid environment without any manmade interferences. Since price is the core of market economy, the autonomous pricing strategy provides us with a foundation to use the invisible hand of market to allocate the grid resource.
Yet Another Scenario of Pattern Formation: Interpretation of Position Information

During the development process, how the position information is determined is one of the most important issue. We propose a scenario that the pattern are generated from a class of discrete reaction-diffusion system, in which the character of every single cell varies according to space distribution. Using the key feature of wave propagation failure, we can observe and even design various pattern. It takes a different scenario from the well known Turing structure.
Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPARα and γ and suppresses COX-2 expression[S]

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, plays a key role in inflammation and circulatory homeostasis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily and are involved in the control of COX-2 expression, and vice versa. Here, we show that COX-2 promoter activity was suppressed by essential oils derived from thyme, clove, rose, eucalyptus, fennel, and bergamot in cell-based transfection assays using bovine arterial endothelial cells. Moreover, from thyme oil, we identified carvacrol as a major component of the suppressor of COX-2 expression and an activator of PPARα and γ. PPARγ-dependent suppression of COX-2 promoter activity was observed in response to carvacrol treatment. In human macrophage-like U937 cells, carvacrol suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, suggesting that carvacrol regulates COX-2 expression through its agonistic effect on PPARγ. These results may be important in understanding the antiinflammatory and antilifestyle-related disease properties of carvacrol.
A low rate of hepatitis B virus vaccine breakthrough infections in Mongolia

A nation‐wide hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization program of all newborn babies was launched in Mongolia in 1991. However, the continuation of clinical icteric viral hepatitis infections in children led to the investigation to determine whether HBV breakthrough infections were occurring and if any were due to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutants. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections accounted for most of these cases with 3% of the jaundiced children shown to have acute hepatitis B. Hepatitis B vaccine protection was 93% against HBV infection and 97% against HBV carriage. A G145A “escape mutant” was found in one HBV carrier child only. Anti‐HBs levels, however, were low with 85% having titers less than 100 IU/L, 46% of whom had levels less than 10 IU/L. The results from this study demonstrate that the HBV immunization program in Mongolia provides an effective level of protection. However, continued surveillance of breakthrough infections and close monitoring of “vaccine escape” mutants is required. J. Med. Virol. 78:1554–1559, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.