Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Case of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Treated with Artesunate in a 55-Year-Old Woman on Return to Florida from a Visit to Ghana

Patient: Female, 55-year-old Final Diagnosis: Severe malaria Symptoms: Altered mental status • dyspnea • fever Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine • Infectious Diseases Objective: Management of emergency care Background: Malaria is the infection caused by inoculation with the mostly obligate intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Severe malaria manifests as multiple organ dysfunction with high parasitemia counts characterized by coma, stupor, and severe metabolic acidosis. Physicians in the United States do not frequently encounter patients with malaria, and the drugs are only available through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which makes the management of this disease somewhat complicated. In 2019, the marketing of quinine for malaria was discontinued. In May 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the use of intravenous artesunate for the treatment of adults and children with severe malaria. This case report describes a case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a 55-year-old woman who returned home to Florida from a visit to Ghana. Case Report: A previously healthy 55-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of a hospital in south Florida due to cyclic fever for 7 days. The patient’s family reported mental status changes since symptom onset. The patient had returned from a 10-day trip to Ghana 18 days prior to admission. On arrival to the ED, the patient appeared lethargic and within hours was in respiratory distress. She was intubated and mechanically ventilated in the ED for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. A malaria smear was positive with 25% parasitemia, and a diagnosis of severe malaria was made, consistent with P. falciparum infection complicated by multi-organ failure. Infectious disease consultation was obtained and an infusion of intravenous (IV) quinidine and IV doxycycline was emergently started due to the anticipated delay in obtaining artesunate. During the second day of admission, the patient had QTc prolongation, so quinidine was switched to IV artesunate. The parasitemia and acidosis started improving by the third day of therapy. Conclusions: Given that artesunate is more effective, easier to dose, and more tolerable than quinidine, it is now the treatment of choice for severe malaria in the United States.
EVALUATION OF SULFATED ALUMINAS SYNTHESIZED VIA THE SOL-GEL METHOD IN THE ESTERIFICATION OF OLEIC ACID WITH ETHANOL

Sulfated aluminas were synthesized via the sol-gel method by means of the addition of different ions during the gelling of titanium alkoxide. Both the Lewis and Brönsted acid sites were formed, depending on the sulfate precursor. The catalytic activity of sulfated aluminas was tested by performing the esterification reaction of free fatty acids with ethanol at 86°C by using a fatty acid-alcohol with a molar ratio of 1:10 and 3 wt. % of catalyst. The selectivity towards ethyl ester was 100% in all the catalysts. Through this study, we found that sulfated aluminas showed a higher activity in the esterification reaction than unsulfated γ-alumina. It has been found that the conversion of oleic acid varies according to the sulfate precursor (NH4)2SO4 > H2SO4 > NiSO4, which affects both the acidity strength and textural properties of the catalysts.
Feltehetően traumás eredetű sérülések egy ókori egyiptomi múmiafejen.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Egy traumás eredetű sérüléseket mutató, ókori egyiptomi koponya vizsgálatát ismertetjük a Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum gyűjteményéből. A jelen cikkben egy mumifikált fej elemzését emeltük ki, ennek átfogó vizsgálatát és részletes eredményeit közöljük. Célkitűzés: Célunk egy multidiszciplináris vizsgálatsorozat megvalósítása volt, amelyen keresztül képet kapunk az egykor Egyiptom területén élt emberek egészségi állapotáról. Módszer: A kutatás során a múmiákon szerves és szervetlen kémiai analíziseket, komputertomográfiai és röntgenvizsgálatot, szénizotópos kormeghatározást végeztünk, és felhasználtunk biológiai antropológiai módszereket is. Eredmények: A koponya igazoltan az ókori Egyiptomból származik, és mivel sebei gyógyulásnak indultak, véleményünk szerint az egyén túlélte a fejét ért behatást. Ez meglepő eredménynek minősül, hiszen ilyen jellegű életveszélyes traumás sérüléseket csak akkor lehet nagy valószínűséggel túlélni, ha megfelelő orvosi ellátás áll rendelkezésre. Következtetés: Úgy gondoljuk, ebben az esetben is ez történt, bizonyítva, hogy az egyiptomi orvosi ismeretek valóban igen fejlettek és az orvoslás magas színvonalú volt. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(51): 2162-2170. SUMMARY INTRODUCTION We are presenting the analysis of an ancient Egyptian mummified head from the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, which shows special traumatic injuries. The examination of this artefact nicely demonstrates the procedures we usually apply in our research on the Egyptian mummies of the Museum. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to implement a series of multidisciplinary studies to get a picture of the health condition of these people once living in the territory of Egypt. METHOD When researching the mummies, we performed organic and non-organic chemical analyses, computed tomography, X-ray examinations, radiocarbon isotope dating as well as biological anthropological methods. RESULTS In this article, we report on the comprehensive examination of the skull and the detailed results we got. The skull is proven to originate from ancient Egypt. CONCLUSION As the wounds began to heal, we can conclude that the individual survived the impact on his head. This is quite surprising as such life-threatening traumatic injuries can only be survived if adequate medical care is available. We believe this was the case also here, i. e. , ancient Egyptian medicine was highly developed and of really high standards. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(51): 2162-2170.
Long-Term Photogrammetric- and Panel Assessment-Based Outcome Study of Staged Reconstructive Approach for Hypertelorism Correction.

BACKGROUND The surgical management of hypertelorism is challenging for plastic surgeons, and limited long-term outcome data are available. The purpose of this long-term study was to report a single-surgeon experience with a staged reconstructive protocol for hypertelorism correction. METHODS This retrospective study reviewed the records of patients with hypertelorism who were surgically managed by a single surgeon between 1978 and 2000. Bone (orbital box osteotomy and orthognathic surgery) and soft tissue (rhinoplasty and epicanthoplasty) surgeries were performed based on a patient-specific surgical protocol. Included patients were divided into a childhood group and an adolescence or adulthood group according to their age at orbital repositioning (≤12 and >12 years, respectively). Patients were invited for clinical interviews in February 2020 to evaluate whether requests for revision surgery had been made. The photogrammetric analysis-based hypertelorism index was calculated at preoperative and long-term postoperative times. Satisfaction with the long-term outcome was judged by both surgical professionals and laypeople. RESULTS In total, 14 patients with hypertelorism of different etiologies were included, with no request for revision surgery during an average follow-up of 29 years. The preoperative hypertelorism index was higher than the long-term postoperative evaluation (all, P < 0.05) for both childhood and adolescence or adulthood groups. Intergroup comparison revealed no significant difference for the hypertelorism index and panel assessment-based satisfaction with long-term outcome analysis (all, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Considering the complexity and wide spectrum of clinical presentation of soft tissue and bone deformities in hypertelorism and current outcomes, the surgical approach to these patients should be staged and individualized for achievement of a balanced result between functional (orbital, occlusion, and psychosocial) and aesthetic parameters.
The cross-kingdom roles of mineral nutrient transporters in plant-microbe relations.

The regulation of plant physiology by plant mineral nutrient transporter (MNT) is well understood. Recently, the extensive characterization of beneficial and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions has defined the roles for MNTs in such relationships. In this review, we summarize the roles of diverse nutrient transporters in the symbiotic or pathogenic relationships between plants and microorganisms. In doing so, we highlight how MNTs of plants and microbes can act in a coordinated manner. In symbiotic relationships, MNTs play key roles in the establishment of the interaction between the host plant and rhizobium or mycorrhizae as well in the subsequent coordinated transport of nutrients. Additionally, MNTs may also regulate the colonization or degeneration of symbiotic microorganisms by reflecting the nutrient status of the plant and soil. This allows the host plant obtain nutrients from the soil in the most optimal manner. With pathogenic-interactions, MNTs influence pathogen proliferation, the efficacy of the host's biochemical defence and related signal transduction mechanisms. We classify the MNT effects in plant-pathogen interactions as either indirect by influencing the nutrient status and fitness of the pathogen, or direct by initiating host defence mechanisms. Whilst such observations indicate the fundamental importance of MNTs in governing the interactions with a range of microorganisms, further work is needed to develop an integrative understanding of their functions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Air pollution and Non Communicable Diseases.

Every year, globally, a total of 15 million individuals develop stroke leading to 6 million deaths and 5 million permanent disabilities. About 90% of strokes are preventable. Unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity and smoking has been the focus of attention for stroke prevention. However, an estimated 2.5 million (about a third) of stroke are attributed to air pollution.2 Air pollution is a pervasive, ubiquitous concern where every nine out of ten individuals (91%) on earth are breathing unhealthy air. The World Health Assembly has declared air pollution as the single largest environmental risk causing over 7 million deaths globally. Fossil fuel that burns in vehicles, industries and emission from energy required in residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure are major contributors for air pollution. While several thousand pollutants, particles and gases, are emitted which may be harmful for human health, six pollutants are called criteria pollutants: particulate matter (PM), sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and lead (Pb). PM – suspended solid or liquid particles in air – of size <10μm (PM10) are considered inhalable. Furthermore, smaller particles of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <0.1 μm (PM1) can be absorbed into the blood and travel to every organ and systems of the body. The PM2.5 and PM1 are particularly important for effects on brain and composed of both organic and inorganic compounds.3
Femtosecond Visible-to-IR Spectroscopy of TiO2 Nanocrystalline Films: Elucidation of the Electron Mobility before Deep Trapping†

The transient absorption of nanocrystalline TiO2 films in the visible-to-IR wavelength region was measured under UV excitation at 266 nm in order to purposely generate plural electron−hole pairs in single nanoparticles. Trapped holes, trapped electrons, and bulk electrons were observed as in our previous transient absorption studies, where the electron−hole density reduction to be as low as second-order recombination did not occur, namely, the number of the electron hole pairs was less than unity per TiO2 nanoparticle. The kinetics of the second-order electron−hole recombination, induced in a controlled manner, was analyzed to estimate the mobility of the electrons before their deep trapping, which was found to occur with a time constant of 500 ps in our previous report (Tamaki, Y.; et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2007, 9, 1453−1460). Electron−hole dynamics in the TiO2 nanoparticle from 100 fs to 1 ns has been understood in detail, and its relation to the photocatalytic nature of TiO2 nanoparticles is disc.
An unusual presentation of dyspnea following septal ablation for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Residual or recurrent symptoms after septal reduction therapy are most often related to inadequate relief of left ventricular outflow gradients. We recently encountered a 71‐year‐old woman with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and prior alcohol septal ablation who had a unique constellation of findings causing her symptoms. She was found to have four potential causes for her symptoms, residual midventricular obstruction, apical distribution of hypertrophy reducing end‐diastolic volume, constrictive pericarditis, and marked arterial stiffness, as reflected by aortic atherosclerosis. She underwent complete pericardiectomy, transaortic septal myectomy, transapical myectomy, and replacement of a heavily calcified ascending aorta.
Curved Fluid Interfaces. I. The Generalized Gibbs-Kelvin Equation

The properties of curved fluid interfaces in the presence of external fields are examined from the molecular point of view and are shown to imply a generalized Gibbs‐Kelvin equation. These results are then related to Gibbs' phenomenological treatment and thus provide expressions for the relevant thermodynamic parameters in terms of the detailed properties of the transition zone. The formulation leads to an asymptotic estimate of the free energy and to corrections for the Laplace equation determining the shapes of interfaces.
Identification of IgG1 isotype phosphorylcholine antibodies for the treatment of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases

Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an important pro‐inflammatory damage‐associated molecular pattern. Previous data have shown that natural IgM anti‐PC protects against cardiovascular disease. We aimed to develop a monoclonal PC IgG antibody with anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherosclerotic properties.
Two novel compounds from green walnut husks (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.)

Abstract Phytochemical investigation on the ethanol extract of green walnut husks (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) led to the isolation of two previously unknown compounds, including a macrolide compound (13S)-8-oxo-(9E, 11E)-8-oxo-octadeca-9,11-dien-13-olide (1) and a diarylheptanoid compound 1-(3′-methoxy-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3″,4″-dimethoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one (2), together with 19 known compounds. The structures of these 21 compounds were elucidated by extensive analyses of NMR and HR-MS data, and the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of Whole Cottonseed as Effective Fiber Source in Early Lactating Holstein Cows

Twelve Holstein cows in early lactation were used in balanced changeover design to evaluate the effect of replacing alfalfa Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) with NDF from whole cottonseed at different levels (0,7,14,20 %) on dry matter basis. The diets were similar as crude protein and neutral detergent fiber on dry basis. Cows were fed with total mixed ration individually. Dry matter intake and milk yields were higher for cows fed with high whole cottonseed (14.20%) diets than for the alfalfa control diet. High whole cottonseed diet had best efficiency. Milk fat percentage and milk fat yield were highest for high whole cottonseed diets, but no significant difference were found among the another milk composition compounds (protein, lactose and SNF). Milk component yields were significantly different (p<0.05). Rumen pH and fecal pH were not significantly affected by experimental diets. Chewing activity increased linearly when whole cottonseed percentage increased. High percentage of whole cottonseed percentage was associated with increased physically effective fiber. Digestibility results were indicated that control diet and 7 % whole cottonseed diets had highest dry matter digestibility (p<0.05), while organic matter, crude protein and NDF digestibility were not significantly affected among diets. Daily weight gain and body condition score change were affected by diets. Thus, the 14 and 20 % whole cottonseed diets produced the highest daily weight gain and body condition score (p<0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen was higher for 14 and 20 % whole cottonseed in diets.
Interindividual and Intraindividual Variations of Breast Sensitivity Before and After Breast Reduction: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND More than 300,0000 breast plastic surgery procedures are performed annually worldwide, of which more than 100,000 are reduction mammoplasties carried out in the United States. Although most patients tend to be satisfied with the immediate outcomes of this procedure, there is increasing concern among surgeons as well as patients with regard to breast sensibility and the postoperative recovery.The objectives of this study were to assess the variation in the sensibility in patients undergoing hypertrophic breast surgery by quantification of the impact of various variables and to evaluate its progression from before the surgery to between 3 and 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. METHODS We carried out a nonrandomized, monocentric, prospective study. All of the patients were examined by the same evaluator using a set of 20 von Frey monofilaments on the day before the surgery and at 3 to 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. The breast skin, areola, and nipple sensibilities were tested. Age, body mass index, tobacco use, and the breast volume were recorded. RESULTS We did not find any significant effect of the body mass index, tobacco use, or age on breast sensibility. The nipple and areola complex (NAC) sensibility was inversely correlated with the degree of hypertrophy before the surgery, but this difference disappeared in the postoperative evaluations. After the surgery, the NAC sensibility decreased at the first follow-up at 4.5 months and returned to normal after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS The inverse relationship between breast volume and sensibility in the preoperative evaluation disappeared after mammaplasty reduction. In the early postoperative period, the sensibility decreased on the NAC but returned to normal after 1 year.
Synthesis of novel block copolymers containing polyamide4 segments and control of their biodegradability

Different novel copolymers, ABA-type block copolymers composed of polyamide4 as outer segments and polyoxyethylene as an inner segment and AB- and ABA-type block copolyamides containing polyamide4 and another hydrophilic polyamide derived from a bicyclic lactam, were synthesized by the anionic ring-opening polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone using the corresponding acyllactam-type macromolecular activators. The degradation rate of both block copolymers containing polyamide4 segments in a composted soil was found to decrease with increasing content of the second segments, although they were also hydrophilic and/or biodegradable. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3492–3498, 2004
Zederone: A Sesquiterpenic Keto‐dioxide from Curcuma aromatica.

Phytochcmical analysi s of thc rhizomcs of Curcullla arolll{/fica Salisb. (Zingibcraccac) Icad to thc isolati on of a scsquitcrpcnoid named zcdcronc 1'0 1' thc first timc from thi s plam, which shows modcratc antireedJ nt acti vity against 4th instal' larva of SpiiarClia obiiquo. CurculIla arolll(lrica Salisb (Zingiberaceae) is an adultrant of ClIrcllma tonga. The rhizomes of Ihi s plant are chiefly used as an aromatic fOJ: cosllletic purposes and in traditional medicine for external applications for skin diseases, bruises and sprains l.2 . Zederone is one of the sesquiterpenic constituent of the crude drug Zedoary, which is prepared from the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)3. In course of a search for biologically ac tive substances of Zingiberaceae plants, the phytochemical analysis of the rhizomes of Curcuma arolllatica led to the isolation and characterization of a sesquiterpenoid possessing the germacrane skeleton named zederone 1 and germacrone 2, along with ~-sitosterol 3 from thi s plant. The compounds 1 and 3 were isolated for the first time from C. aromatica.
Reconstruction of Tibia Fracture With Soft Tissue Defect.

BACKGROUND We aimed to compare different methods to treat lower leg soft tissue defects with tibia fracture using free flaps and pedicled flaps. We also highlighted the aesthetic outcome after using 1-stage secondary debulking procedure for tibia area. PATIENTS AND METHODS From December 2000 to March 2017, 83 patients with lower leg defects and tibia fractures were reconstructed using 71 free flaps and 12 pedicled flaps. One-stage secondary debulking procedures were performed for 39 patients after flap reconstruction. Infection control and aesthetic outcomes using 5-point Likert scale were reviewed after a 16-month follow-up. RESULTS Twenty-five myocutaneous free flaps, 45 fasciocutaneous free flaps, 1 fibula free flap, 12 pedicled flaps of which 8 were distally based sural artery flaps, and 4 medial gastrocnemius flaps were used. The flap survival rate was 100%. There was no recurrence of osteomyelitis in any patient after reconstruction with any of these flaps. Using a 5-point Likert scale, performance of a 1-stage secondary debulking procedure showed statistically significant difference in terms of contour, color, and texture compared with the group without debulking procedure. CONCLUSIONS The use of free flaps and pedicled flaps in the reconstruction of lower leg defects with tibia fracture is reliable and results in good infection control. A 1-stage secondary debulking procedure delivers excellent long-term aesthetic outcome after reconstruction of the tibia area.
Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Exclusively Breast Fed Term Infants in South India.

OBJECTIVE Vitamin B12 is not synthesized in the body and its only dietary sources are non-vegetarian. The breast milk of mothers in resource poor countries who are on predominantly vegetarian diets is deficient in vitamin B12. Hence exclusive breast feeding (EBF) may result in B12 deficiency in the infant, which can affect the neurodevelopmental outcome. Our aim was to study the serum vitamin B12 levels among EBF infants and identify the risk factors for B12 deficiency. METHOD This cross-sectional study was done among EBF, term, otherwise healthy infants, 1-6 month of age in the well-baby clinic . The sociodemographic data of mother and the infants' anthropometric measurements were noted and blood samples were sent for complete blood count and serum vitamin B12 levels. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS We enrolled 149 EBF infants, aged 1-6 months and the mean age was 3.1 (±1.03) months. The mean serum vitamin B12 level was 199.91 (±112.523) pg/ml. Low serum vitamin B12 levels (<200 pg/ml) was seen in 95 (63.7%) infants. On multivariate analysis, there were no other significant risk factors for B12 deficiency in the infants. CONCLUSION The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among EBF infants is 63.7%. Because of its importance in neurological development during infancy, there is an urgent need to address this issue while promoting exclusive breast feeding.