Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical classification of diffuse gliomas. Doctoral Thesis

The Doctoral Thesis was completed at The Doctoral Thesis was developed at Rīga Stradiņs University, Latvia. Defence: at the public session of the Promotion Council of the Basic Sciences of Medicine, including Pharmacology on 10th June, 2021 at 12.00 remotely via Zoom online meeting.
Vaccination and Quarantine Policies for Controlling Pandemic Disease Outbreak

There have been a number of significant pandemics in human history such as cholera, influenza, and smallpox. These pandemics are widespread, highly infectious, and kill a large number of people. Recently with the outbreak of H5N1 influenza virus in avian populations, it is speculated that another serious transmissible pandemic might occur because of the mutations in unstable H5N1 strain. Therefore, it is essential to be prepared for such a sudden and fatal transmissible disease outbreak. In this paper, we develop several containment strategies or policies to curb such infectious diseases from spreading. As part of this study, we design and evaluate several vaccination policies which identify individuals and locations which are critical in spreading the disease. We propose a novel quarantining methodology that is based on hierarchical clustering. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies using datasets generated by EpiSims system. We, further, evaluate the robustness of the policies under various practical constraints such as limited number of anti-viral drugs, and delay in implementation of quarantining and vaccination policies.
Convolutional Neural Network for Satellite Imagery

—Information extracted from aerial photographs has found applications in different areas including urban planning, crop and forest management, disaster relief, and climate modeling. In many cases information extraction is still performed by human experts, making the process slow, costly, and error prone. The goal of this investigation is to develop methods for automatically extracting the locations of objects such as water resource, forest and urban areas from aerial images. We analyze patterns in land using large-scale satellite imagery data which is available worldwide from third-party providers. For training, given the limited availability of standard benchmarks for remote-sensing data, we obtain ground truth land use class labels carefully sampled from open-source surveys, in particular the Urban Atlas land classification dataset of 20 land use classes across 300 European cities. The developed algorithms are based on the implementation of a relatively new approach in the field of deep machine learning - a convolutional neural network. We show how deep neural networks implemented on modern GPUs can be used to efficiently learn highly discriminative image features.
Rural social development is a key condition for inclusive growth agri-food system of Russia

It is substantiated that mobilization of efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) against the background of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic provides for a radical rethinking of the priorities of agri-food policy. This concerns the improvement of the social development policy of the countryside and the solution to the problems of sustainable development of rural areas. The specificity of the concept of sustainable development of rural areas as interconnected into a single system of economic, social, and environmental goals and objectives is revealed. These include sustainable growth of the rural economy, diversification of its structure, the achievement of food security;increasing employment, the level and quality of life of the rural population, reducing interregional and intraregional differentiation, eliminating poverty, bringing the countryside closer to urban living standards;rationalization of the use of natural potential and preservation of the natural environment. Solving the problems of social development of the countryside contributes to the transition to an inclusive development model. The author's methodology made it possible to substantiate the criteria and indicators that characterize the level of social inclusion. By this approach, an empirical research base was formed and a comprehensive assessment of the social development of the village was given in the context of the following aspects: poverty of the population, the risk of poverty and poverty fields depending on the place of residence of the population;urban and rural unemployment;resources and final consumption expenditures, on average, per household member;physical and economic accessibility of basic food products for the urban and rural population. Measures have been formulated to facilitate the transition of the agri-food system to an inclusive development model and overcome negative trends in the post- pandemic economy.
The condition number of equivalence transformations that block diagonalize matrix pencils

How ill-conditioned must a matrix S be if its columns are constrained to span certain subspaces? We answer this question in order to find nearly best conditioned matrices SR and SL that block diagonalize a given matrix pencil T=A+λB, i.e. S L −1 TSR=Θ is bloc diagonal. We show that the best conditioned SR has a condition number approximately equal to the cosecant of the smallest angle between right subspaces belonging to different diagonal blocks of Θ. Thus, the more nearly the right subspaces overlap the more ill-conditioned SR must be. The same is true of SL and the left subspaces. For the standard eigenproblem (T=A−λI), SL = SR and the cosecant of the angle between subspaces turns out equal to an earlier estimate of the smallest condition number, namely the norm of the projection matrix associated with one of the subspaces. We apply this result to bound the error in an algorithm to compute analytic functions of matrices, for instance exp(T).
Recruitment of Pacific Whiting, Merluccius productus, and the Ocean Environment

Because Pacific whiting, Merluccius productus, is one of the most abundant fishes along the west coast of North America, its population dynamics have important consequences, not only for fishermen, but for the total ecosystem. Typically, the whiting population fluctuates markedly. For whiting and, indeed, for many other fish species, recruitment variability is the major component in stock dynamics and has a greater impact on stock production than variability in either growth or mortality (Doubleday, 1980). Whiting are long-lived and highly fecund, and their spawning produces billions of eggs each year. Since mortality during the first months of life is very high, changes in survival rates of only a few percent during egg and larval life probably generate large variations in recruitment (Gulland, 1965). It is believed that these changes in survival of early stages are the dominant cause of fluctuations in stock biomass. Like many other gadoids, recruitment of whiting does not appear to be closely coupled to the size of the spawning stock, at least over the range of stock sizes observed to date. Pacific whiting are normally found over the continental shelf/slope within the California Current system, roughly from lat. 25° to 50° N. Most adults spend the summer months in the northern part of the range. In autumn, adults migrate southward from the Pacific Northwest waters to
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND CYTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF VARIANTS IN CERVICAL LESION AT PACIFIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, UDAIPUR

Background: Histopathological and cytopathological analysis is the primary basis of clinical and scientific research to formulate guidelines for treatment and prevention of cervical cancer. Histopathological examination reveals precancerous lesions and determines treatment protocols according to grade and extent of the lesion. The histopathological examination also forms the basis of newer treatment techniques and preventive measures. Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients specimens were analyzed, which includes biopsy specimens and hysterectomy to examine the cervical lesions pathology. After fixation by 10% formalin for 24 – 48 hours specimens were dehydrated in alcohol, which was cleared by xylene and then embedded in paraffin blocks. Cut sections of size 4 -5 microns from different sites were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stain. Results: Among the total specimens of cervical lesions 89% were non-neoplastic, and 11% were neoplastic. Among all the non-neoplastic lesions 77% were reported to be the inflammatory pathology. Among the total specimens, 11% reported to be of neoplastic pathology, 7% reported to had benign pathology and 5% reported to had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia respectively. Conclusion: chronic inflammatory cervical lesions were the most common genital tract lesions, and its association was found with 30-40 years age group. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinomas were reported in few numbers of cases, and their association was found with 40-60 years age group. Therefore, females of older age group complaining of bleeding per vagina should be screened for cervical neoplasia.
TCAD SIMULATION OF ALGAN/INALGAN/GAN HEMTS (HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTORS)

We report microwave and DC performance of a novel 50 nm Quaternary based AlGaN/InAlGaN/GaN (HEMTs) High Electron Mobility Transistor with Al2O3 passivation and T-gate on SiC substrate. TCAD is used for simulating the proposed HEMT structure. A peak drain current density(Ids) is shown at the regrown n++ GaN source/drain ohmic contacts of 2.9 A/mm with low on-resistance 0.49 Ω. mm. A record power gain (fmax) and current gain cut-off frequencies (ft) obtained are 425GHz and 310GHz respectively. These are achieved by substantial reduction in the device extrinsic and intrinsic parasitic capacitance and resistances. Here AlGaN is used as back barrier-structure to the 7nm thin In0.13Al0. 83Ga0.04N (Quaternary barrier) layer in order to compensate the short channel effects with 38V improved breakdown voltage. For next generation, the prominent DC characteristic along with microwave characteristic of proposed HEMT device is appropriate candidate for electronic high power millimeter wave applications.
Neutralized wettability effect of superhydrophilic Cr-layered surface on pool boiling critical heat flux

The design requirement for the accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding is to reduce potential exothermic oxidation and hydrogen generation dramatically during hypothesized severe core degradation [1]. There are two promising methods to hinder high temperature steam reaction of clad material. First one is to replace a conventional zircaloy clad body with a new accident tolerant cladding and the other is to deposit an additional microlayer on an existing zircaloy-clad surface. The former method is deemed challenging due to longer development period and license issue. In this regard, FeCrAl, Cr, and SiC have been received positive attention as ATF coating materials because they are highly resistant to high temperature steam reaction causing massive hydrogen generation [1]. In this study, Cr was selected as a target deposition material on the metal substrate because we found that Cr-layered surface becomes superhydrophilic, favorable to delaying the triggering of the critical heat flux (CHF). Thus in order to investigate the effect of Cr-layered superhydrophilic surfaces (under explored coating conditions) on pool boiling heat transfer, pool boiling experiment was conducted in the saturated deionized water under atmospheric pressure. As a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, the DC magnetron sputtering technique was introduced to develop Cr-layered nanostructure. As a control variable of DC sputtering, substrate temperature was selected. Surface wettability and nanostructure were analyzed as major surface parameters on the CHF.
Full-waveform inversion for full-wavefield imaging: Decades in the making

Seismic imaging using full-wavefield data that includes primary reflections, transmitted waves, and their multiples has been the holy grail for generations of geophysicists. To be able to use the full-wavefield data effectively requires a forward-modeling process to generate full-wavefield data, an inversion scheme to minimize the difference between modeled and recorded data, and, more importantly, an accurate velocity model to correctly propagate and collapse energy of different wave modes. All of these elements have been embedded in the framework of fullwaveform inversion (FWI) since it was proposed three decades ago. However, for a long time, the application of FWI did not find its way into the domain of full-wavefield imaging, mostly owing to the lack of data sets with good constraints to ensure the convergence of inversion, the required compute power to handle large data sets and extend the inversion frequency to the bandwidth needed for imaging, and, most significantly, stable FWI algorithms that could work with different data types in different geologic settings. Recently, with the advancement of high-performance computing and progress in FWI algorithms at tackling issues such as cycle skipping and amplitude mismatch, FWI has found success using different data types in a variety of geologic settings, providing some of the most accurate velocity models for generating significantly improved migration images. Here, we take a step further to modify the FWI workflow to output the subsurface image or reflectivity directly, potentially eliminating the need to go through the time-consuming conventional seismic imaging process that involves preprocessing, velocity model building, and migration. Compared with a conventional migration image, the reflectivity image directly output from FWI often provides additional structural information with better illumination and higher signal-to-noise ratio naturally as a result of many iterations of least-squares fitting of the full-wavefield data.
Null SuperP-Branes Quantum Theory in 4-Dimensional Space-Time

A twistor-like harmonic formulation of the theory of extended supersymmetrical null objects is suggested. A new harmonic form of the action for null super string and null supermembrane with N-extended global SUSY in 4-dimensional space-time is built. A way for a covariant quantization of null super p-branes is suggested. This way unifies the harmonic approach and the BRST-BFV quantization method modified by the idea of the conversion of the second class constraints into the effective first class ones. The absence of anomalies and the quantum selfconsistency of null super p-branes, including null super membranes (p = 2), null superstrings (p = 1) and massless superparticle (p = 0) in 4-dimensional space-time are proved. For the completeness the BRST-BFV quantization of null p-brane is discussed too. The BRST-BFV quantization method is described in details using the simple example of massless particle theory. The description of a massless particle with arbitrary spin using the Lorentz-harmonic variables is suggested.
NMR Studies of Liquid Disordered and Liquid Ordered Phase Coexistence in Model Membranes

NMR STUDIES OF LIQUID DISORDERED AND LIQUID ORDERED PHASE COEXISTENCE IN MODEL MEMBRANES Miranda L. Schmidt Advisor: University of Guelph, 2016 Professor James H. Davis Biological membranes separate the cell from the environment. A fundamental understanding of multi-component model membrane systems may provide insight into the phase behaviour and the relationship between the lipids, proteins, water and temperature in biological membranes containing phase separated domains or ‘rafts’. Model membranes composed of saturated and unsaturated phospholipids with cholesterol can exhibit coexisting liquid disordered (`d) and liquid ordered (`o) phases. Peptides can modify the phase behaviour of these model membranes and may also partition preferentially into either fluid phase. Several model membranes were investigated using 2H NMR to determine the phase behaviour of lipid bilayers with and without peptides. Critical fluctuations have been observed in systems exhibiting `d-`o coexistence. Multilamellar dispersions of DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol exhibit critical phase behaviour that agrees with systems belonging to the 3D Ising universality class. Coexisting `d-`o phases were observed in magnetically aligned DMPC/cholesterol/DCPC bicelles with cholesterol mole fractions 0.13. DPoPC/DMPC/cholesterol/DCPC or DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol/DHPC bicelles also showed two fluid phase coexistence. 2D exchange experiments were used to study the exchange of lipids between the `d and `o phase domains. DPoPC/ DMPC-d54/cholesterol multilamellar dispersions showed broadening due to lipids exchanging between the two phases. Corresponding bicelles however did not show exchange. The presence of the short chain lipid may move the sample away from a critical composition eliminating the exchange phenomena. Multilamellar dispersions of DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol with gramicidin A resulted in very broad and weak 2H signals and did not provide evidence of preferential partitioning into either of the two fluid phases. Two short peptides, Conolysin-Mt1 and ALGA, were studied in aligned lipid bilayer samples. The lipid chain order in DMPC/DCPC bicelles was a↵ected slightly by Conolysin-Mt1. DPoPC/DMPC/cholesterol with ALGA on glass slides showed that some of this peptide is undergoing rapid axial reorientation while the rest is in a powder environment. Preferential partitioning of ALGA into either the `d or `o phase was not observed in these experiments.
Convergent Nested Alternating Minimization Algorithms for Nonconvex Optimization Problems

We introduce a new algorithmic framework for solving nonconvex optimization problems, that is called nested alternating minimization, which aims at combining the classical alternating minimization technique with inner iterations of any optimization method. We provide a global convergence analysis of the new algorithmic framework to critical points of the problem at hand, which to the best of our knowledge, is the first of this kind for nested methods in the nonconvex setting. Central to our global convergence analysis is a new extension of classical proof techniques in the nonconvex setting that allows for errors in the conditions. The power of our framework is illustrated with some numerical experiments that show the superiority of this algorithmic framework over existing methods.
Metabolic responses to strength training: an emphasis on energy expenditure. DOI: 10.5007/1980-0037.2011v13n2p150

The present study reviews the results reported in the literature regarding energy expenditure in strength training (ST). For this purpose, a search was conducted in the Medline and Sport Discus databases using the following key words: strength training, energy expenditure, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). The studies analyzed report that ST protocols involving exercises for the major muscle groups characterized by high-intensity and high-volume training and low resting intervals between sets and exercises have a greater metabolic impact on ST. These variables also interfere with the magnitude and duration of EPOC
Study on Extraction Process of Flower Essential Oil in Allium Tenuissimum L. by Supercritical CO_2 Fluid

The supercritical CO2 fluid was used to extract the flower essential oil of Allium tenuissimum L.for improving the production process.The single factor test and the orthogonal test were employed to study the effect of extraction pressure,extraction temperature,extraction time,raw material particle size and moisture content,while the weight of flower essential oil of Allium tenuissimum L.was used as the main parameter to estimate effect of those different factors.The best extraction technique conditions were gained: the flower of Allium tenuissimum L.was air drying;the raw material particle was passed through 40 screen meshes;the extraction pressure was 15 MPa;the extraction temperature was 45 ℃;the extraction time was 2.5 h.In the conditions,the weight of the flower essential oil was 3.73 g in 100 g flower of Allium tenuissimum L.
Edge, Fog and Cloud Computing: Offering Strong Computing

1 Abstract — Advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G technology require new strategies and technologies to process any data from these areas. With edge, fog and could computing technologies, it will be possible to collect data from devices that use a wide variety of protocols and produce data in many different formats, and process these data in real time. This article, by examining the difficulties in the advancement of computing types and their application areas, the requirements and solutions are presented to provide strong computing.
Compositional Dependence of Bioactivity of Glasses in the System CaO-SiO2-P2O5

The essential condition for glasses and glass-ceramics to bond to living bone is the formation of an apatite layer on their surfaces in the body. The apatite layer can be reproduced on their surfaces even in an acellular simulated body fluid which has ion concentrations almost equal to those of the human blood plasma. In the present study, in order to investigate the compositional dependence of bioactivity of glasses fundamentally, the apatite formation on the surfaces of glasses in the system CaO-SiO2-P2O5 was examined in the simulated body fluid. Thin-film X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic observation were used for detecting the apatite formation. It was found that CaO-SiO2 glasses free form P2O5 as well as those containing small amounts of P2O5 form the apatite layer on their surfaces, whereas CaO-P2O5 glasses free from SiO2 as well as those containing SiO2 do not form it. This indicates that bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics are obtained in compositions based on CaO-SiO2 rather than CaO-P2O5, contrary to the general view. These results were interpreted in terms of ions dissolved from glasses.
China's Growing Economic Activity in Africa

Trade between the whole of Africa and China (imports and exports summed) grew from $10.6 billion to $73.3 billion between 2000 and 2007, and between Sub-Saharan Africa and China from $7 billion to $59 billion over the same period. China is now Africa's third largest trading partner behind the EU and the US. The Chinese FDI stock in Africa has grown from $49 million in 1990 to $2.6 billion in 2006. On the basis of these data, one frequently hears the claim that China is now a dominant influence in Africa. Here we both evaluate such claims, and assess what factors underlay this phenomenon. We suggest that while the annual growth rates of trade and investment flows are high (around 30% per year sine the late 1990's), the levels are still considerably smaller than such claims might suggest. China in 2006 accounted for only $520 million of inward FDI compared to a total from all sources of $36 billion, around 1.4% of total FDI inflows to Africa; and only 8.6% of African exports and 9.6% of African imports. African interdependence with China thus remains proportionally smaller than that for most other geographical areas, but is growing rapidly. Factors behind this growth are discussed in the text.