Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Early Extubation After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Single-Center Experience.

OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with early extubation in cardiac surgery patients. DESIGN Single center, retrospective. SETTING Tertiary university hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 8,872 adult patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery from 2011-2019. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of the 8,872 patients, 2,950 (33%) were extubated within six hours after surgery. Early extubated patients were younger, had a higher body mass index (BMI), were more likely to be male, and were fast-track designated. These patients more frequently underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft, isolated valve, or adult congenital surgeries than did late extubated patients. Early extubated patients had a greater incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and anxiety and a higher left ventricular ejection fraction. They also were less likely to have difficult intubation or require mechanical circulatory support, reintubation, or readmission. Analysis of the 8,872 patients showed that male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.222, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.096-1.363), a BMI >30 kg/m2 (OR 1.702, 95% CI 1.475-1.965), undergoing isolated valve surgery (OR 1.187, 95% CI 1.060-1.328), and having a fast-track designation (OR 1.455, 95% CI 1.208-1.751) and CAD (OR 1.122, 95% CI 1.005-1.253) were associated with early extubation. Data on intensive care unit (ICU) admission after surgery were available only from 2014-2018. Within this subgroup of 5,977 patients, variables associated with early extubation included male sex (OR 1.356, 95% CI 1.193-1.541), BMI >30 kg/m2 (OR 1.267, 95% CI 1.084-1.480), daytime admission to the ICU (OR 1.712, 95% CI 1.527-1.919), and fast-track designation (OR 1.423, 95% CI 1.123-1.802). CONCLUSIONS Male sex; a BMI >30 kg/m2; undergoing isolated valve surgery; and having a fast-track designation, CAD, and daytime admission to the ICU are associated with early extubation.
Hybrid Solar Dryer for Quality Dried Tomato

A prototype of a hybrid solar dryer was developed for drying of tomato. It consists of a flat-plate concentrating collector, heat storage with auxiliary heating unit, and drying unit. It has a loading capacity of 20 kg of fresh half-cut tomato. The dryer was tested in different weather and operating conditions. The performance of the dryer was compared with an open sun-drying method. Drying performance was evaluated in terms of drying rate, color, ascorbic acid, lycopene, and total flavonoids. Tomato halves were pretreated with UV radiation, acetic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulphite, and sodium chloride. Sodium metabisulphite (8 g L−1) was found to be effective to prevent the microbial growth at lower temperature (45°C).
Primary and lower secondary students’ perceptions of representational practices in science learning: focus on drawing and writing

ABSTRACT The study examined students’ perceptions related to emotional and cognitive engagement of linguistic and diagrammatic representational practices in science learning. Altogether, 251 Japanese sixth-grade (11–12 years old) and 187 ninth-grade students (14–15 years old) participated. The students' recognitions were measured by a self-report questionnaire and were scrutinised using the Rasch Rating Scale model. All participants valued both representational practices as important in science learning. Drawing was seen as a useful cognitive tool. However, participants did not have positive self-efficacy for either writing or drawing. While they lacked a confidence in their ability to write in science, had more positive beliefs of cognitive engagement in writing. Compared to the explanation activity, the students did not engage in representational practices in a metacognitive and communicative way, implying that they were not in a multimodal learning environment. The female students had less positive emotional engagement in science and representational practices than male students. The findings imply that diagrammatic conventions and procedural knowledge of using diverse representational forms should be emphasized in science curricula. Further research on the relationship between self-efficacy for representational practices, motivational engagements, and academic achievement is recommended, as well as cultural differences in student engagement in representational practices.
The Simple Economics of Wholesale Price-Parity Agreements: The Case of the Airline Tickets Distribution Industry*

This paper clarifies the differences between retail and wholesale price-parity agreements in vertical industries. In contrast to traditional wide and narrow retail price-parity arrangements, the competitive effects of wholesale price-parity depend on the complexity of the vertical supply chain, the business model operated by sellers and distributors, and the strength of competition between direct and indirect distribution channels. While retail price-parity agreements are almost always anticompetitive, wholesale price-parity agreements may positively affect consumer welfare when direct and indirect distribution channels are close substitutes. To demonstrate the relevance of our analysis for competition policy, we illustrate our findings by referring to an industry that has recently attracted policy and regulatory interest on both sides of the Atlantic: the airline ticket distribution industry. We find that, in this industry, while wholesale price-parity agreements always harm airlines, Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) have preferences more aligned with consumers: when consumers benefit from these provisions, GDSs benefit too. JEL: K21, L13, L40
Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Metabolic Function Diversity in Soda Saline–Alkali Rice Paddy Fields of Northeast China

Western Jilin province has the most serious area of soda salinization in Northeast China, which affects and restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. The effects of physico-chemical properties of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil on soil microbial diversity and enzyme activities (polyphenol oxidase, catalase, invertase, amylase) were evaluated in typical soda saline-alkali paddy field. Community-level physiological profile (CLPP) based on Biolog-ECO plates was used to assess the functional diversity of soil microorganisms. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and pH were negative correlated with the microbial activity (AWCD), soil enzyme activities (amylase, sucrose, and catalase, except for polyphenol oxidase) in rice rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil (P < 0.05). The indexes of microbial diversity in rice rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil. The utilization of amino acids by rice rhizosphere microorganisms was relatively high, while non-rhizosphere soil had relatively high utilization of carboxylic acid, phenolic acid, and amine. Among the selected physico-chemical properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil water content (SWC) had the greatest influence on the variation of microbial diversity indexes and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil. ESP and pH showed a significant positive correlation with carbon source utilization, especially for amine (AM) and phenolic acid (PA) carbon source utilization (P < 0.05) by means of RDA, and the utilization rate of AM and PA carbon sources by rice rhizosphere and non-root soil microorganisms was P1 < P2 < P3.
Characterization of Phytophthora spp. and application of rhizobacteria with biocontrol potential in black pod disease in Theobroma cacao variety CCN-51

The objective of the work focused on characterizing the biodiversity of Phytophthora spp. and rhizobacteria with potential for biocontrol in black pod disease in CCN-51. Nine plant samples with symptoms of the disease were collected from cocoa-producing areas, evaluating their morphological characteristics and identification by PCR. Different morphotypes of colonies are observed: cottony, regular and starry edge characteristic for Phytophthora spp. Electrophoresis profiles reveal an amplicon of 159 bp for P. palmivora, demonstrating its distribution in the nine zones. The tests on mycelial inhibition in vitro to P. palmivora, determined high levels of antagonism of 78 and 60% by direct confrontation with the rhizobacteria. These results in bio-protection to CCN-51 by applications of P. veronii R4, A. calcoaceticus BMR2-12, S. marcescens PM3-8 and P. protegens CHA0 are effective in the control of P. palmivora strain (BL15), without the application of bacteria the disease progress is evidenced at the level foliar at 15 and 19 dpi with (2.00E + 05) zoospores. The edaphic application of rhizobacteria in CCN-51, the promoter capacity to plant growth and suppression of P. palmivora disease.
Use of the Bezier Curves for a Vehicles Driving Cycles' Modeling

Resume While performing the research of the vehicles operating characteristics in real operating conditions, a question of creation or correction of a movement driving cycle always appears. An absence of a mathematical model rather complicates the research process and makes a quick correction of movement conditions impossible. To solve the given problem, it was proposed to model a driving cycle using the Bezier curves. As a result of this research, it is stated that the most advantageous is to use the Bezier curves of the second and third degrees. During the analysis of results of driving cycles modeling and their comparison to the standardized and real movement cycles, a satisfactory coincidence of results was obtained. The conducted thematic research confirms the previous results, directed to creation of a universal dynamic model of a vehicle's driving cycle. Article info Received 30 June 2020 Accepted 4 August 2020 Online 27 November 2020
The profit potential of soybean production rotation systems in Arkansas

Abstract The objective of this study was to provide agronomic, nematode, and economic analysis of alternative production rotation systems for soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) on a silt loam soil association in Arkansas. Monocropped soybeans and soybeans double‐cropped with wheat (Triocum aestivam L.) was included as well as grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) under dryland conditions in order to reduce soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heteroderaglycine Ichinohe) populations. A total of seven crop rotations and eleven treatments that included alternative tillage conditions and wheat stubble management practices were analyzed using data from 1980–1984 experiments conducted at the Arkansas Cotton Branch Experiment Station on a silt loam Loring‐Calloway‐Henry Association (Alfisols). Although crop rotation was effective for nematode suppression, yields for double‐cropped soybeans were comparable to soybean yields under monocropped’ continuous management practices. Economic results indicated that average net re.
PATTERNS OF FRIENDSHIP SUPPORT AND STRAIN OVER TIME AMONG MARRIED OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, AND WELL-BEING FACTORS

The present study examines older adult married couples’ friendship support and strain trajectories. Friendship is essential across the life course. However, most studies examining friendship within the context of long-term marriages have not examined how friendship quality develops over time and have not treated the dyad as the unit of analysis. Growth mixture modeling and 3,608 married couples across three waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used. Support and strain trajectories were assessed separately and spouses were assessed together in each analysis. Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) were used to examine whether well-being and demographic factors distinguished classes. Three classes of friendship support trajectories and two classes of friendship strain trajectories were identified. The support classes were characterized by husbands’ friendship support stability, with the Spouses’ High, Stable Support serving as the optimal support trajectory class. The strain classes were characterized by relatively low levels of strain, with the Spouses’ Low, Decreasing Strain class serving as the optimal strain trajectory class. Both support and strain trajectories were distinguished by demographic, social, and well-being factors. The results provide evidence for the gendered nature of friendship support and strain patterns, and contributes to knowledge regarding factors associated with distinct longitudinal friendship patterns among married older adults. The findings also have implications for programmatic efforts and interventions aimed to strengthen friendships.
Faktor Internal Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pemahaman Matematika Sekolah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Univeristas Mataram

Mahasiswa pendidikan matematika FKIP Universitas Mataram harus mengusai matematika sekolah sebagai bagian dari kompetensi professional calon guru. Fakta menunjukkan pemahaman matematika mahasiswa sangat rendah sehingga penting untuk mendapatkan data tentang kriteria faktor-faktor internal yang mempengaruhi tingkat pemahaman matematika sekolah mahasiswa pendidikan matematika FKIP Unram. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi mahasiswa pendidikan matematika angkatan 2015 sampai 2019 dengan sampel sebanyak 214 mahasiswa dipilih dengan metode Cluster Random Sampling . Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh sikap mahasiswa terhadap matematika berada pada kategori positif dengan rata-rata 80,7, Minat mahasiswa terhadap matematika berada pada kategori sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata 64,9, motivasi berprestasi mahasiswa berada pada kategori sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata 112,9, dan kebiasaan belajar mahasiswa berada pada kategori baik dengan rata-rata 58. Korelasi antara masing-masing faktor diperoleh minat mahasiswa memiliki korelasi yang kuat dengan kebiasaan belajar yaitu 0,61 sedangkan faktor-faktor internal lain memiliki korelasi sedang dan sikap terhdap kebiasaan belajar memiliki korelasi lemah. Berdasarkan data-data terkait dengan sikap, minat, motivasi berprestasi, dan kebiasaan belajar menunjukkan hal yang positif disebabkan karena sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan matematika. Sehingga perlu diadakan penelitian lanjutan untuk mendapatkan faktor lain yang menyebabkan rendahnya pemahaman mahasiswa pendidikan matematika terhadap matematika sekolah.
Territorial Cohesion of What and Why? The Challenge of Spatial Justice for EU’s Cohesion Policy

Over the past two decades, both academics and policy makers have discussed the meaning of territorial cohesion in the context of the European Union (EU). This debate on the meaning and content of territorial cohesion is becoming increasingly important in a Europe that is facing multiple crises. This article contributes to the literature on EU’s territorial cohesion policies by tracing the ways in which territorial cohesion has been defined, framed and justified as an EU policy. We analyse public speeches made by the acting commissioners for Regional Policy and inquire into the Cohesion Reports from 2004 to 2017 produced by the European Commission. In particular, we interrogate both the meaning of the concept of territorial cohesion and the justifications for pursuing territorial cohesion. We conclude with some critical remarks on the relevance of economic production-based definitions and justifications for territorial cohesion policies. Accordingly, we argue that treating macroeconomic production as an indicator of territorial cohesion harmfully consolidates a narrow understanding of societal wellbeing and development and imposes on all regions a one-dimensional economic scale to indicate their level of development.
Anionic effect in high concentration alcohol organosolv pulping

Abstract Anionic effects are demonstrated with Mg-salts and free acids in high alcohol content organosolv pulping. Not all catalysts examined could effectively liberate the fibers from the wood matrix. The best result was obtained with the 0.025 M MgCl2 catalysis system, at which nearly 60% screened pulp, with viscosity of 19.9 cPs. , can be produced. Mg(NO3)2 was found capable of liberating fibers, however, under the conditions set for the experiment, complete fiber liberation was not achieved. In contrast, MgSO4 and Mg(CH3COO)2 were incapable of fiber liberation in themselves. On the other hand, in acid form, HCl and H2SO4 were capable of liberating the fibers, whereas HNO3 and CH3COOH catalysts were found ineffective. Especially with H2SO4, it should be noted that this catalysis system created a very strong hydrolyzing effect that unselectively destroyed both lignin and carbohydrates, resulting in severely damaged pulp which is useless for papermaking purposes. Therefore, choosing a suitable catalyst is the key factor for producing an organosolv pulp at high yield and with good fiber quality.
Nanowires: Synthesis and Energy/Environmental Applications

As the main inorganic component of human bones and teeth, hydroxyapatite (HAP) materials have been widely investigated for various applications especially in the biomedical field. Recently, HAP nanowires (HAP NWs) have attracted research interest in the energy and environment‐related fields owing to their advantages such as excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, high‐thermal stability, surface modification and functionalization, and self‐assembly to form nanoscale porous networked structure. In this review, we first briefly discuss the synthesis of HAP NWs. Then we focus on summarizing the foremost advances in energy and environment‐related applications of HAP NWs, including the battery, solar energy‐assisted water evaporation, light‐driven self‐propelled device, thermal insulation, fire‐resistant inorganic paper, water purification, air purification, molecular detection, superhydrophobic surface, and high‐strength nanocomposite materials. In addition, the future research directions on HAP NWs and their energy and environmental applications are proposed. This review aims to provide inspiration and stimulate extensive future studies in the energy and environmental applications of HAP NWs and other inorganic NWs.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells by Employing Bathocuproine/Hydrophobic Polymer Films as Hole-Blocking/Electron-Transporting Interfacial Layers

In this study, we improved the photovoltaic (PV) properties and storage stabilities of inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) by employing bathocuproine (BCP)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and BCP/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as hole-blocking and electron-transporting interfacial layers. The architecture of the PVSCs was indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/MAPbI3/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/BCP based interfacial layer/Ag. The presence of PMMA and PVP affected the morphological stability of the BCP and MAPbI3 layers. The storage-stability of the BCP/PMMA-based PVSCs was enhanced significantly relative to that of the corresponding unmodified BCP-based PVSC. Moreover, the PV performance of the BCP/PVP-based PVSCs was enhanced when compared with that of the unmodified BCP-based PVSC. Thus, incorporating hydrophobic polymers into BCP-based hole-blocking/electron-transporting interfacial layers can improve the PV performance and storage stability of PVSCs.
Sine Cosine Algorithm Assisted FOPID Controller Design for Interval Systems Using Reduced-Order Modeling Ensuring Stability

The focus of present research endeavor was to design a robust fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller with specified phase margin (PM) and gain cross over frequency (ωgc) through the reduced-order model for continuous interval systems. Currently, this investigation is two-fold: In the first part, a modified Routh approximation technique along with the matching Markov parameters (MPs) and time moments (TMs) are utilized to derive a stable reduced-order continuous interval plant (ROCIP) for a stable high-order continuous interval plant (HOCIP). Whereas in the second part, the FOPID controller is designed for ROCIP by considering PM and ωgc as the performance criteria. The FOPID controller parameters are tuned based on the frequency domain specifications using an advanced sine-cosine algorithm (SCA). SCA algorithm is used due to being simple in implementation and effective in performance. The proposed SCA-based FOPID controller is found to be robust and efficient. Thus, the designed FOPID controller is applied to HOCIP. The proposed controller design technique is elaborated by considering a single-input-single-output (SISO) test case. Validity and efficacy of the proposed technique is established based on the simulation results obtained. In addition, the designed FOPID controller retains the desired PM and ωgc when implemented on HOCIP. Further, the results proved the eminence of the proposed technique by showing that the designed controller is working effectively for ROCIP and HOCIP.
Monitoring Dust Events Using Doppler Lidar and Ceilometer in Iceland

Ground-based lidars and ceilometers are widely used for dust and volcanic ash observation around the world. This is particularly interesting in Iceland where high-altitude dust events occur frequently during strong wind conditions and volcanic eruptions. To explore the possible application of such technologies in Iceland for monitoring dust events, we used a combination of Doppler wind lidars with depolarization channels, ceilometers, and other instruments, to monitor two dust events that occurred in Iceland during summer 2019. We applied a verified ceilometer data processing procedure with customized local corrections and developed a new procedure to process Doppler lidar data for aerosols measurements. Both lidar and ceilometer observations can be used to detect the dust layer and reveal the temporal and vertical distribution of dust aerosols in Iceland. The depolarization ratio measurements indicate that the weather conditions, e.g., relative humidity, could have a significant impact on lidar measurements. We conclude that using Doppler wind lidar and ceilometer measurements to monitor volcanic and sedimentary aerosols is possible and may be used to provide important information to the scientific community.
Cancer, familial cancer and genomics: A primary care perspective

Advances in genomics have vastly increased our understanding of inherited cancer risk and underlying cancer predisposition syndromes, thereby underpinning a revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer itself. Concern regarding family history of cancer is a common presentation within primary care. This article provides an overview of the role of primary care practitioners in the clinical identification and management of inherited cancer risk within primary care including risk assessment, screening and surveillance. The article will consider management issues, including access to genomic testing and advice on risk-reduction measures. The role of genomics in cancer diagnosis and treatment and future applications will be outlined.