Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Real-Time technology? Migration of traditional SCADA systems technology: Part2: Advantages of implementation”

In this technical article, the advantages of implementing Real-Time Technology for simulation and prediction of normal and contingency conditions in the operation of electrical systems are presented. The relationship between a traditional SCADA technology and the evolution of off-line simulations in an integrated environment to encourage the migration of Real-Time Systems to optimize the operational reliability of the electrical system in question. Also, it is sought to emphasize that the operation of the electrical system uses electric / database models that differ considerably in detail and structure of the models used during the design and planning stage. Normally, there are no links between different models, geospatial applications, operating systems, etc. Therefore, the data formats are different and incompatible in turn, generating differences in the equipment of design, engineering, planning, operation, and maintenance. The contribution of this article in Part 2: is focused on related cases in implementations of this solution to provide versatility to the electrical systems and their energy management.
FRABRICATION AND CHARACERTIZATION OF ELECTROSPUN PLLA / GELATIN BRAIDED SAFFOLDS

INTRODUCTION Rotator cuff tears affect 40% of people upwards of the age of 60, which raises the importance of the orthopedic treatment. However, even with surgical apposition the poor innate healing properties of these tissues result with high re-tear rates [1]. 20%-70% of rotator cuff repairs fail within 6-12 weeks after the operation, where the failure commonly occurs at the suturetendon interface [2]. Early mechanical overload post-surgical repair and incomplete regeneration of the native tissue are contributing causes for this failure. Electrospinning has become a promising field of study in tissue engineering because electrospinning synthetic polymer scaffolds has advanced the feasibility of replicating material and mechanical properties of the native tendon. Therefore, presenting a promising means to reduce the high failure rate in surgical rotator cuff repair. However, current commercially available scaffolds provide poor load bearings when compared to that of native tendon. Poly (L-Lactic) Acid (PLLA), a polymer known to possess high mechanical properties, can obtain high mechanical strength when electrospun. Furthermore, co-electrospinning PLLA with Gelatin, a processed type I collagen, mixed with tendon extracellular matrix (tECM) components can be used to match that of the extracellular matrix of native tendon, which is predominantly type I collagen. A PLLA-Gelatin/tECM scaffold would provide early mechanical and biological support for healing tendon by inducing native cues of regeneration that tendon alone poorly produces. Along with the scaffolds assistive regeneration property, the scaffold is also biodegradable at a rate that it can promote tendon healing and then degrade before being rejected by the body. Furthermore, collagen in tendon run parallel and when the sutures experience tension they shear between the collagen experiencing little resistance, thus explaining why the suturetendon interface is the common location of failure. Utilizing textile techniques, such as braiding, distributes applied forces on the scaffold in various directions and in doing so increasing the scaffolds uniaxial tensile strength. With these scaffolds possessing the necessary biocompatibilities and mechanical properties they can accompany surgically repaired tendon to decrease the current issue of a high failure rate.
Fuzzy adaptive sliding-mode control for MIMO nonlinear systems

A stable adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode controller is developed for nonlinear multivariable systems with unavailable states. When the system states are not available, the estimated states from a semi-high gain observer are used to construct the output feedback fuzzy controller by incorporating the dynamic sliding mode. It is proved that uniformly asymptotic output feedback stabilization can be achieved with the tracking error approaching to zero. A nonlinear system simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Improving shared service implementation: adopting lessons from the BPR movement

Purpose – To reveal similarities between the business process reengineering (BPR) and shared service approaches, in order to improve outcomes of shared service implementation processes through lessons learnt from previous BPR projects.Design/methodology/approach – As the focus of this paper is primarily theoretical, the paper starts out with a literature review of developments in the BPR and shared service movements. Similarities between the two change alternatives are discussed and drawn up.Findings – The paper concludes by identifying which previously learnt lessons the emerging shared service movement should take into account from the BPR era when implementing shared services.Research limitations/implications – The paper is primarily based on previous findings from a literature review. To increase insights into the contemporary shared service phenomenon, complementary research in the form of in‐depth case studies are recommended.Practical implications – Based on the similarities between BPR and shared .
Balancing potential risks and benefits of hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers

Hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are thought to have an adverse risk:benefit profile when compared to that of transfusing stored red blood cells (RBCs). However, there are clinical circumstances when RBC transfusion is not an option (e.g., patient refusal, unavailability owing to issues of compatibility or remote location). For these circumstances assessment of the risks of an HBOC should be compared to the risks of untransfused acute anemia. In this article we compare the risk of allowing a patient with severe anemia to have a further small decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration to the risk of infusing an HBOC. We conclude that at Hb concentrations less than 6 g/dL, the risk of a further decrease in Hb concentration greatly exceeds the risk of HBOC infusion. Thus, we suggest that there may be a place for use of HBOCs when RBC transfusion is not an option.
Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Ventilated Thermocline of the Tropical Pacific

AbstractTo understand sources of variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific, a region integral to modulating global temperatures, we characterize the waters upwelling from the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). We update past work using temperature and salinity measurements from the Argo array and current measurements from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys. We find a larger hemispheric asymmetry in the water mass contribution through the ventilated thermocline to the EUC than previously reported, with 80-90% of waters in the western Pacific originating from the southern hemisphere. South Pacific subtropical waters are the dominant source feeding the EUC, although in the central equatorial Pacific upper layers of the EUC experience freshening due to the addition of North Pacific waters. Anomalous volume transport, advection of anomalous waters, and shifts in hemispheric contributions contribute to variability in the EUC. These results suggest that variability in the EUC caused by anomalies in the South .
Function design for search engine on “Personal Search History” —based on the theory of knowledge architecture

Although Personal Search History is the important information for search engine users, it is not stored and used well. This paper starts with the experience of general users to find and analyze problems, further investigates users subdivision, selects teachers in universities as the representatives of knowledge workers to analyze their demands. Base on the theory of cognition viewpoint, knowledge architecture and man-machine interface, we present function design recommendation of “Personal Search History” by complete storage process of effective search event, management of retrieval expression, annotation and Visualization, which can also can support of personal knowledge architecture.
Design of a frequency reconfigurable patch antenna using capacitive loading and varactor diode

A frequency reconfigurable antenna optimized to operate at 2.45 GHz was presented. The antenna consists on a square patch excited by a coaxial probe. The frequency agility was achieved by integrating a varactor diode between the patch and the ground plane, which reduces the antenna size. A broad tuning range of 0.5 - 2.43 GHz is realized using a varactor diode (biasing voltage is varying from 0 to 20V). Prototypes were realized and characterized for both cases (with lumped capacitors and a varactor diode). Simulated and measured results are presented and discussed.
Lipid nanoparticle mediated drug delivery for safer cancer treatment: example of paclitaxel

colloidal carriers composed of lipids attract much attention in the development of safer and more effective therapy of various diseases. the advantages of lipid-based nanoparticles are illustrated on the example of paclitaxel, a challenging chemotherapeutic drug for the development of a novel and more suitable dosage form for cancer treatment. paclitaxel is known for its water insolubility and serious side effects when administered by its conventional formulation (taxol). this paper reviews the reasons of further re-formulation of paclitaxel and summarizes the achievements of lipid nanoparticle-based formulations of this drug. KEywORDS solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, lipid nanoparticles, paclitaxel, cancer treatment
Kinetics and mechanisms of drug action on microorganisms. XVII. Bactericidal effects of penicillin, kanamycin, and rifampin with and without organism pretreatment with bacteriostatic chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and novobiocin.

Escherichia coli (ATCC 12407), generating in the logarithmic growth phase, was killed by penicillin, kanamycin, and rifampin. The logarithm of number of viables of the drug-treated culture decreased linearly with time after a certain lag period and above a minimum drug concentration. The slopes of these plots were characteristic of kill rate constants and were linearly dependent on drug concentrations. The microorganisms developed resistance against the cidal action of the antibiotics. The lower the penicillin concentration and the rate of kill, the greater is the number of resistant organisms, most probably formed by generation in the presence of penicillin. Penicillin was inactivated with time in the culture of organisms, and the resistant individuals eventually grew and were shown to be insensitive to penicillin. When organisms were exposed to the cidal action of kanamycin or rifampin, the appearance of resistant individuals was ascertained. Penicillin yielded debris and ghost cells of E. coli. No such apparent lysis was observed with kanamycin or rifampin. The activity of kanamycin increased with the pH of the medium, so activity can be assigned to the uncharged or lesser charged fraction of the drug concentration. The addition of penicillin or kanamycin to the organisms treated with tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or novobiocin did not show any significant difference in killing rate from organisms not previously treated with such bacteriostatic agents. However, the combination of a bactericidal and a bacteriostatic antibiotic depressed the resistant mutant formation of resistant individuals over that of the bactericidal drug alone. When rifampin was added to organisms pretreated with tetracycline or chloramphenicol, the cidal action of rifampin was significantly reduced.
Potential protective mechanism of arousal in obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology is thought to be due to the interaction of traits including airway anatomy and neuromuscular control which vary between individuals. These traits include a low arousal threshold (wake easily from sleep), upper airway gain (how effectively activation of upper airway dilator muscles improves ventilation), loop gain (stability of the negative feedback chemoreflex control system) and upper airway collapsibility (anatomical predisposition to passive airway collapse) (1). While deficits in these traits and how they interact varies between individuals, generally mechanisms that increase activation of upper airway dilator muscles are considered to help protect the airway from collapse.
Respiratory disease due to parainfluenza virus in adult bone marrow transplant recipients.

We reviewed the frequency and clinical course of parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections in 1,173 adult bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients cared for at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston). Between January 1991 and September 1994, PIV was isolated from the respiratory secretions of 61 (5.2%) of these patients. Thirty-four (56%) of the 61 patients had uncomplicated upper respiratory tract illnesses and survived. The remaining 27 patients (44%) developed pneumonia, and the associated mortality was 37% (10 of 27 patients). Twenty-three (85%) of the patients with pneumonia had had preceding upper respiratory illnesses. Of the 10 patients who died, nine died within 100 days after transplantation. Histopathologic examination of lung tissue from seven patients revealed intracytoplasmic viral inclusions in six, a finding consistent with invasive PIV pneumonia, and viral changes in the seventh patient. Seven of the 10 patients who died had other serious concurrent infections. Of 42 patients who developed PIV infection early after transplantation (i.e., < 100 days), the frequency of pneumonia was higher among the 18 allogeneic BMT recipients (61%) than among the 24 autologous BMT recipients (42%), and the associated mortality was also higher (55% vs. 30%, respectively). PIVs are an important cause of life-threatening pneumonia in adult BMT recipients, particularly patients who have recently undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
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Transmission of HIV infection among older adults: a population at risk.

For more than a decade, AIDS investigators have focused on understanding the epidemiology of HIV transmission among adult and adolescents populations. Although the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection among these populations give rise to concern, very little research has addressed prevention strategies to reduce HIV infection in adults aged 50 years and older, among whom the number of AIDS cases is steadily rising. Data taken from a national survey reveal that middle-aged and elderly individuals admit to high-risk behavior. The greatest increase in HIV infection in this older age group is occurring among minority populations. The prevalence of HIV infection among older adults is startling. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998) reported in their Quarterly Surveillance Summary that cumulative cases of AIDS show a disproportionate incidence and prevalence among African American men 50 and older. According to Ory and Mack (1998), men represent the highest majority of AIDS cases aged 50 years and older (84%), and minority populations (i.e., African Americans and other groups) are overrepresented, with Hispanic men accounting for over 60% of the cases. Additionally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1998 reported that new cases of AIDS are disproportionately higher among adults 50 and older than among younger populations. Ory and Mack also reported that there has been a dramatic increase in heterosexual transmission in individuals 50 and older and that injection drug use is also on the rise. Risk Factors Among Older Populations
Fast Human Detection Using LDA via L1-Norm

Fast detection is of vital importance in human detection sometimes. Considering the high dimensions of the features widely used in human detection, it will severely slow the detection speed. Therefore, in this paper, we try to find a way by using Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) via L1-norm regularization to solve this problem. It reduces the dimension of feature from 3780 to 150 before classification, and gets a more fast speed then SVM and LDA, while keeps a competitive accuracy.
Effect of substrate modes in 40 Gbit travelling wave LiNbO/sub 3/ modulators

In this paper, substrate modes which influence the bandwidth of travelling wave LiNbO/sub 3/ Mach-Zehnder modulators are reviewed. Criteria for the appropriate choice of RF electrode geometry to minimize losses have been presented. Finally, the effect of backside metalization due to metallic packages has been discussed, along with suitable modifications to mitigate the losses due to the presence of the backside ground.
Content-aware network coding for layered video over wireless relay networks

Transmission issue of wireless video, as the hugest percentage among mobile traffics, is a challenge problem in wireless/mobile networks. To tackle video transmission problem occurred in heterogeneous networks as well as different devices, scalable video coding (SVC) has been developed. Also, network coding (NC) enables to transmit efficiently for same given bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a simple random linear network coding (RLNC) for SVC transmission with decode and forward (DF) system over wireless relay network. In order to transmit base layer of SVC with high reliability using characteristics of RLNC in DF relay system, we propose a method which re-groups differently basic coding units of base layer and enhancement layers in SVC. The simulation shows our proposed method gains better performance compared to previous methods.
Inhibition of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide transformylase by methotrexate and dihydrofolic acid polyglutamates.

We report the enhanced inhibitory potency of methotrexate (MTX) polyglutamates and dihydrofolate pentaglutamate on the catalytic activity of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide (AICAR) transformylase purified from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. In the present work, MTX (4-amino-10-methylpteroylglutamic acid) and dihydrofolate, both monoglutamates, were found to be weak competitive inhibitors of AICAR transformylase with Kis of 143 and 63 microM, respectively, and their inhibitory capacity was largely unaffected by the glutamated state of the folate cosubstrate. In contrast, MTX polyglutamates were found to be potent competitive inhibitors, with an approximately 10-fold increase in inhibitory potency with the addition of each glutamate group up to four (i.e., the pentaglutamate derivative). MTX tetra-and pentaglutamates were the most potent, with equivalent Kis of 5.6 X 10(-8) M or 2500-fold more potent than MTX. Dihydrofolate pentaglutamate was as potent an inhibitor as MTX pentaglutamate, with a Ki of 4.3 X 10(-8) M. The potent inhibitory effects demonstrated by the polyglutamate compounds when tested against the folate monoglutamate substrate were sharply curtailed when folate pentaglutamate was used as the substrate. MTX and dihydrofolate pentaglutamates were only 7- and 25-fold more potent than their monoglutamate counterparts under these conditions. A model depicting these complex interactions is postulated. These findings have significant implications regarding the mechanism of action of MTX.
Realistic ray tracing

From the Publisher: Realistic Ray Tracing is an innovative, in-depth look at the theory and techniques of ray tracing, a method of producing photorealistic computer graphics images by applying simple algorithms. This book will guide you through the steps of creating your own powerful ray tracer program, proceeding from simple images through advanced special effects such as soft shadows, glass and metal textures, and motion blur. It concentrates on the nuts and bolts of writing ray tracing programs, with plenty of practical, detail-oriented how-to advice and careful attention to the underlying theory.
A Simple Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Modules

An accurate model is essential when designing photovoltaic (PV) systems. PV models rely on a set of transcendental nonlinear equations which add to the model complexity. This letter proposes a simple and easy-to-model approach for implementation in simulations of PV systems. It takes advantage of the simplicity of ideal models and enhances the accuracy by deriving a mathematical representation, capable of extracting accurate estimates of the model parameters, directly related to manufacturer datasheets. Experimental measurements proved the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Mechanisms of Gravitaxis in Chlamydomonas

The mechanisms by which many free-swimming microorganisms are able to swim preferentially upward despite the sedimenting effects of gravity (termed gravitaxis) have long been the subject of debate. Early suggestions were that upward swimming could be caused by cells either being back-heavy (1, 2, 3) or possessing fore-aft body asymmetry (4). However, there is a widespread perception that simple physical mechanisms cannot explain how physiologically active agents can influence gravitaxis, or how non-gravitactic mutants can exist; it is therefore argued that cells must contain a biological gravity sensor which somehow directs active swimming (5, 6). Published quantitative data on the unicellular biflagellated green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are used here to show that shape orientation is primarily responsible for upward orientation in this organism. It is also shown that the resulting gravitational response is governed by the cells’ own swimming patterns. It is concluded that gravitaxis in Chlamydomonas is explicable in purely physical terms, and that no biosensor need be involved. Chlamydomonas cells whose flagella have been immobilized by chemical agents are found to settle in suspension with their flagella uppermost (7, 8). There are only two possible explanations. One is that the cell is back-heavy, resulting from a longitudinal density gradient that displaces the center of gravity behind the center of buoyancy, thereby producing a gravitational torque on the cell that causes orientation. The other is that the asymmetry of cell body and flagella, even when of uniform density, causes shape orientation during sedimentation because the larger cell body sediments downward faster than the flagella. Both mechanisms result in orientation towards the vertical at a rate described by the relation d dt sin (1)