Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AgNOR staining in benign hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate

We have modified existing techniques for silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions of intact interphase cells by hypotonic swelling and by formic acid treatment to reduce background staining. This allowed the microscopic identification and counting of individual AgNORs in the nucleoli. The method was used on nine adenomatous prostatic samples (including one of normal prostate tissue outside a localized tumor) and on seven prostatic adenocarcinomas. In general, the adenomatous samples displayed fewer AgNORs (mean 13 dots/cell) than did the carcinomas (mean 24 dots/cell). Although no cells with very high AgNOR counts were found in specimens from nonmalignant tumors, two of the adenomatous prostates did have AgNOR profiles that to a large extent overlapped with those of carcinomas. A highly differentiated carcinoma (of which only very small amounts were present in the sample) had low AgNOR counts. The three moderately differentiated carcinomas had more silver‐positive material than the nonmalignant prostates but less than the three poorly differentiated carcinomas. The latter tumors also had a substantial proportion of cells with <60 AgNOR counts, something that was never seen in carcinomas with higher differentiation. The data indicate that analysis of silver staining‐positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumors and between highly malignant and low malignant carcinomas.
Hypoxia Causes Downregulation of Mismatch Repair System and Genomic Instability in Stem Cells

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system maintains genomic integrity by correcting replication errors: its malfunction causes genomic instability in several tumor types. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF1α), the major regulator of the processes that occur in hypoxia and certain epigenetic events downregulate the expression of MMR genes in cancer cells. However, there is a lack of information regarding MMR regulation and the genetic stability of stem cells under hypoxic conditions. The expression of the MMR system is downregulated in murine and human stem cells cultured in hypoxia, which correlates with lower DNA repair activity in neural stem cells. We observed, through the use of short hairpin loop RNAi expression constructs, that HIF1α positively regulated MLH1 and MSH6 when the C17.2 neural stem cells were exposed to short‐term hypoxia. However, in prolonged exposure to oxygen depletion, the reduced transcriptional activation of MMR genes was directed by specific epigenetic events. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed a hypoacetylated/hypermethylated histone H3 and lower SP1 binding within MLH1 and MSH6 adjacent promoter regions. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A increased histone H3 acetylation and SP1 occupancy and enhanced MMR expression. Sequencing of microsatellite markers revealed genomic instability in the murine and human stem cells grown under hypoxia. Thus, the present article reports, for the first time in the stem cell field, experimental data that indicate that hypoxic niches are an environment in which stem cells might undergo genomic instability, which could lie at the origin of subpopulations with cancer stem cell properties.
Electromagnetic design of a 10 MW permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine application

This paper describes the design process of a 10 MW permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind turbine application. In order to achieve a high power output combined with a relatively low weight, a ring structure is chosen for the generator, with the generator's length being less than 1/30 of the diameter. To reduce weight further, a tooth-wound coil winding is chosen for the generator. The electromagnetic layout, the power electronics concept, and the structural design of this new ring generator are presented in this paper, as well as the resulting generator design.
Predictors of postoperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.

OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of postoperative myocardial ischemia in patients scheduled to undergo major noncardiac surgery. DESIGN Historical, clinical, laboratory, and physiological data were obtained prospectively before and during surgery to identify potential univariate predictors of postoperative myocardial ischemia, which then were entered into multivariate logistic models. Continuous two-lead electrocardiograms before, during, and after surgery were used to identify episodes of myocardial ischemia. SETTING Department of Veterans Affairs tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS A consecutive sample of 474 men at high risk for or with coronary artery disease who were scheduled to undergo major noncardiac surgery (95% compliance rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Significant variables identified by multivariate logistic models that are associated with postoperative myocardial ischemia. RESULTS Five major preoperative predictors of postoperative myocardial ischemia were identified: (1) left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram; (2) history of hypertension; (3) diabetes mellitus; (4) definite coronary artery disease; and (5) use of digoxin. The risk of postoperative myocardial ischemia increased progressively with the number of predictors present: in 22% of patients with no predictors, in 31% with one predictor, in 46% with two predictors, in 70% with three predictors, and in 77% with four predictors. CONCLUSION Patients subgroups who are at high risk for developing postoperative myocardial ischemia and who might benefit the most from intensive Holter monitoring in the postoperative period now can be identified preoperatively.
Effects of Intravenous Endothelin on Hemodynamics and Cardiac Contractility in Conscious Milan Normotensive Rats

The effects of endothclin-1 (ET-I) on hemodynamic, and cordite contractility were compared with the response, to angiotensin I TAD and phenylephrine (PE) in Milan normotensive rats. Intravenous. intection of (ET-I 10.8 nmol kg) initially decreased mean blood pressure (MBPL). total peripheral resistance (TPR). and dP dt 28 ± 2 34.8 3.2 and 9.4 ± 1.38 p 0.01, respectively, and increased heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO). and the velocity of mvocordial anterior wall shortening (dl dt). (11.8 2.1 10.4 2.9 and 28.3 8.3 (p 0.05) respectively. These effects were followed by at a sustained increase in NBP and TPR and a decrease in CO. As compared with AI (0.25 nmol kg) and PE: 13 nmol kg). which produced a similar degree of increase in TPR, the reduction in CO induced by EF-I was more prominent 25. 2 by EI-1 vs 14 ± 2 by Al and 14 ± 3'by PE. p 0.05 respectively). Moreover. ET-1 induced a significant decrease in dp dt, shortening fraction (SF). and dL dt 1–6.1 ± 35.0 ± 3.8 and – 38.6 ± 5.5 P 0.01 respectively). Whereas these indexes of left ventricle performance were not affected by either M or PE. Furthermore the reduction in SF induced by ET-I was mainly due to the decrease in myocardial diastolic segment lengh. Suggesting reduction in diastolic filling volume. Together. these finding indicate that, in contrast to the effects AI adn PE the effects of ET-1 on cardtac function depend not only on the increase in afterload, but also on the alteration in either preload or cardiac contractility or both.
The current situation of secondary school librarians in Bangladesh: A study

The purpose of this study is to understand the present status of the secondary school librarians in Bangladesh. In general, it is found that although librarianship is not a new concept in Bangladesh, the development of school libraries and to create qualified school library professionals has been slow due to lack of government initiative. Many schools, where there are libraries and librarians, resources and services are minimal and school librarians are not considered teaching staff. This study derived significant findings which could be used to understand the reality of secondary school libraries and librarians in Bangladesh. The recommendations could also be used to overcome practical issues which may negatively affect school library development in Bangladesh.
Suicide prevention — a medical breakthrough?

Objective: The author hypothesized, based on research until 1991, that a five‐fold increase in the use of antidepressants might reduce Swedish suicide rates by 25%. A subsequent 3.5‐fold increase in the use of antidepressants provided a ‘natural experimental situation’ forprospectively testing this hypothesis.
Self-report versus ultrasound measurement of uterine fibroid status.

BACKGROUND Much of the epidemiologic research on risk factors for fibroids, the leading indication for hysterectomy, relies on self-reported outcome. Self-report is subject to misclassification because many women with fibroids are undiagnosed. The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the extent of misclassification and identify associated factors. METHODS Self-reported fibroid status was compared to ultrasound screening from 2046 women in Right From The Start (RFTS) and 869 women in the Uterine Fibroid Study (UFS). Log-binomial regression was used to estimate sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and examine differences by ethnicity, age, education, body mass index, parity, and miscarriage history. RESULTS Overall sensitivity was ≤0.50. Sensitivity was higher in blacks than whites (RFTS: 0.34 vs. 0.23; UFS: 0.58 vs. 0.32) and increased with age. Parous women had higher sensitivity than nulliparae, especially in RFTS whites (Se ratio=2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 5.60). Specificity was 0.98 in RFTS and 0.86 in UFS. Modest ethnic differences were seen in UFS (Sp ratio, black vs. white=0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99). Parity was inversely associated with specificity, especially among UFS black women (Sp ratio=0.84; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.97). Among women who reported a previous diagnosis, a shorter time interval between diagnosis and ultrasound was associated with increased agreement between the two measures. CONCLUSIONS Misclassification of fibroid status can differ by factors of etiologic interest. These findings are useful for assessing (and correcting) bias in studies using self-reported clinical diagnosis as the outcome measure.
Public Management as a Design-Oriented Professional Discipline

While public management has become widely spoken of, its identity and character is not well-defined. Such disparity is an underlying problem in developing public management within academia, and in the eyes of practitioners. In this book, Michael Barzelay tackles the challenge of making public management into a true professional discipline. Barzelay argues that public management needs to integrate contrasting conceptions of professional practice. By pressing forward an expansive idea of design in public management, Barzelay formulates a fresh vision of public management in practice and outlines its implications for research, curriculum developm
Cathepsin B Contributes to Autophagy-related 7 (Atg7)-induced Nod-like Receptor 3 (NLRP3)-dependent Proinflammatory Response and Aggravates Lipotoxicity in Rat Insulinoma Cell Line

Background: Previous studies show that autophagy deficiency leads to inflammasome activation. Results: Excessive autophagy activation induces a proinflammatory response. Conclusion: Our findings provide new insights into the release mechanisms of proinflammatory cytokines regulated by autophagy. Significance: That autophagy may play a deleterious role in pathogenesis in T2D is a novel finding. Impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion caused by the lipotoxicity of palmitate was found in β-cells. Recent studies have indicated that defects in autophagy contribute to pathogenesis in type 2 diabetes. Here, we report that autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) induced excessive autophagic activation in INS-1(823/13) cells exposed to saturated fatty acids. Atg7-induced cathepsin B (CTSB) overexpression resulted in an unexpected significant increase in proinflammatory chemokine and cytokine production levels of IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Inhibition of receptor-interacting protein did not affect the inflammatory response, ruling out involvement of necrosis. CTSB siRNA suppressed the inflammatory response but did not affect apoptosis significantly, suggesting that CTSB was a molecular linker between autophagy and the proinflammatory response. Blocking caspase-3 suppressed apoptosis but did not affect the inflammatory response, suggesting that CTSB induced inflammatory effects independently of apoptosis. Silencing of Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) completely abolished both IL-1β secretion and the down-regulation effects of Atg7-induced CTSB overexpression on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion impairment, thus identifying the NLRP3 inflammasome as an autophagy-responsive element in the pancreatic INS-1(823/13) cell line. Combined together, our results indicate that CTSB contributed to the Atg7-induced NLRP3-dependent proinflammatory response, resulting in aggravation of lipotoxicity, independently of apoptosis in the pancreatic INS-1(823/13) cell line.
Semantic distance abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment: their nature and relationship to function.

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to directly examine compromises in the semantic system in mild cognitive impairment and their possible relationship to everyday functional competencies. METHOD Study participants were 25 patients who met criteria for amnestic mild cognitive impairment, 27 patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease, and 70 healthy comparison subjects. The authors administered a novel semantic distance task in which participants make decisions about word or image stimuli that correspond to real-world entities that differ in physical size. The authors also administered a performance-based measure of everyday functional competence. RESULTS Participants in the mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's groups were consistently less accurate and slower than healthy comparison subjects in semantic decisions in which words were used as stimuli. When these participants had to make more fine-grained decisions about the semantic attribute of size, their performance in accuracy and reaction time disproportionately worsened relative to that of comparison subjects. In image-based conditions in which line drawings were used as stimuli, sensory-perceptual information (i.e., the size of the drawings themselves) had undue influence over semantic knowledge judgments in the mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's groups. Performance in the semantic distance task was a strong and significant predictor of everyday functional competence in the mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's groups. CONCLUSIONS This study synthesized several distinct strands in the mild cognitive impairment literature by providing evidence for 1) compromises in the semantic system in mild cognitive impairment, not confounded by overt retrieval or refractory access; 2) intrusion of perceptual information on semantic processing; and 3) a robust relation between semantic corruption and difficulties in everyday functioning.
Health-Related Quality of Life Domains and Household Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2006-2010

Abstract Background This study examined the association between self-reported levels of household disaster preparedness and a range of physical and mental health quality of life outcomes. Methods Data collected from 14 states participating in a large state-based telephone survey were analyzed (n = 104 654). Household disaster-preparedness items included having a 3-day supply of food, water, and prescription medications; a working battery-powered radio and flashlight; an evacuation plan; and a willingness to evacuate when instructed to do so. Quality-of-life items were categorized into 2 domains: physical health (general health, unhealthy physical days, and activity-limited days) and mental health (unhealthy mental days, social and emotional support, and life satisfaction). Results Persons with self-reported impaired mental health were generally less likely to report being prepared for a disaster than those who did not report impairment in each domain. Persons with low life satisfaction were among the least likely to be prepared, followed by those with inadequate social and emotional support, and then by those with frequent mental distress. Persons reporting physical impairments also reported deficits in many of the preparedness items. However, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, some of the associations were attenuated and no longer significant. Conclusion Persons reporting impaired quality of life are vulnerable to increased mental and physical distress during a disaster, and their vulnerability is compounded if they are ill-prepared. Therefore, persons reporting impaired quality of life should be included in the list of vulnerable populations that need disaster preparedness and response outreach.
Predominant White Matter Involvement in Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy (Binswanger Disease)

Fifteen of 605 examinations of patients aged 60 to 85 years showed symmetrical white matter hypodensity on computed tomography (CT). Six of these showed severe white matter hypodensity, low grade atrophy, and dilated ventricles. A diagnosis of encephalopathia subcorticalis chronica progressiva, or Binswanger disease, featuring the typical clinical course of neurological and psychiatric symptoms was reached. In one case, the diagnosis was confirmed by postmortem anatomopathological findings. The etiology is considered to be vascular and to represent a special course of arteriosclerosis. In some elderly patients, both white and gray matter involvement is seen on CT, but white matter hypodensity is not a common finding in severe vascular brain atrophy.
Biphasic Force-Frequency Relation Predicts Primary Cardiac Events in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND The force-frequency relation (FFR) is a hemodynamic index of the chronotropic relationship between left ventricular (LV) systolic function (percent change in dP/dtmax) and elevation of heart rate. FFR is a marker of myocardial contractile reserve and follows an upward slope in healthy myocardium [monophasic FFR (MoF)], a pattern that becomes biphasic (BiF) under pathological conditions. However, it remains uncertain whether the FFR determines a patient's prognosis. We investigated the promising role of the FFR as a predictor of cardiac events in the setting of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods and Results:A total of 113 consecutive patients with HCM (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I-II) were retrospectively evaluated; 27 (23.9%) had a BiF pattern and they experienced a higher incidence of cardiac events compared with those showing an MoF pattern (median follow-up, 4.7 years; P<0.001). Furthermore, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the LV end-diastolic volume index (hazard ratio: 1.051, P=0.014) and BiF pattern (hazard ratio: 15.260, P=0.001) were independent predictors of primary cardiac events. Interestingly, abnormal reductions in myocardial regulatory molecules related to contractility (SERCA2α) were observed exclusively in the patients exhibiting a BiF pattern. CONCLUSIONS The FFR reflects latent myocardial abnormalities and predicts cardiac events in the setting of HCM, even during the asymptomatic stages of the disease.
Visual odometry system simulator

In the paper, main stages of the visual odometry are considered in order to reveal factors influencing the quality if the motion estimation and establishing their importance degree. Main possibilities of the software simulator version developed of the visual odometry system are described. Results of experiments implemented on the simulator are presented, and certain inferences have been made.
The normalisation of Food Aid: What happened to feeding people well?

In the UK, food poverty has increased in the last 15 years and the food aid supply chain that has emerged to tackle it is now roughly 10 years old. In this time, we have seen the food aid supply chain grow at a rate that has astounded many. Recently that growth has been aided by a grant of £20m from a large supermarket chain. It appears institutionalisation is just around the corner, if not already here. It also appears that there is far greater emphasis on dealing with the symptoms as opposed to solving the root causes of the problem. As an opinion piece, this paper reflects on some of the prevalent issues, and suggests some ways forward.
Piezoelectric micro cantilever sensor for non-labeling detection of biomarker

Using the piezoelectric micro cantilever sensor, biomarkers of various diseases are detected at their critical concentration or below. The detection principle of the sensor is the mass-micro-balancing technique that utilizes the change of the mechanical resonance frequency due to an object attached on a structure. An Ohm-contact electrode is installed to remove the parasitic capacitance effects between the electrodes in the sensor. The first resonant frequency of the piezoelectric micro cantilever can be monitored by measurement of the conductance component of the admittance. The results of the bio-marker-detection experiments show that the detection sensitivity of the micro cantilever is from 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the conventional quartz-crystal micro-balancing detection.
The Enlivenment of institutions: emotional work and the emergence of contemporary land commons in the Carpathian Mountains

Using the case of forest and pasture commons in the Carpathian Mountains, this paper examines the emotional work carried out in institutions, in creating and changing rules, accessing resources, in leadership and contestation processes. The recent restitution of land commons in Romania has created possibilities for participation in the field of relations that shape environments and governance. This paper brings empirical research, based on extensive fieldwork, to showcase disputes over grazing areas, allegations of deforestation and ecological neglect. The ethnographic approach helps reveal the intricate processes by which actors create, experience and rework institutions bottom-up. This paper argues for an enlivened approach to institutions as complex, emergent and relational entities. Using the lens of a relational-vitalist ontology, it emphasizes the depth and subtlety of activities carried out by people that bring forth institutions, and draws attention to the interconnectedness of productive, political and emotional labour.
Carbonic Anhydrase 9 mRNA/microRNA34a Interplay in Hypoxic Human Mammospheres

The hypoxic environment is a crucial component of the cancer stem cell niche and it is capable of eliciting stem cell features in cancer cells. We previously reported that SNAI2 up‐regulates the expression of Carbonic Anhydrase iso‐enzyme 9 (CA9) in hypoxic MCF7 cells. Here we show that SNAI2 down‐regulates miR34a expression in hypoxic MCF7 cell‐derived mammospheres. Next, we report on the capability of miR34a to decrease CA9 mRNA stability and CA9 protein expression. We also convey that the over‐expression of cloned CA9‐mRNA‐3′UTR increases the mRNA half‐life and protein levels of two miR34a targets JAGGED1 and NOTCH3. The data here reported shows that the SNAI2‐dependent down‐regulation of miR34a substantially contributes to the post‐transcriptional up‐regulation of CA9, and that CA9‐mRNA‐3′UTR acts as an endogenous microRNA sponge. We conclude that CA9/miR34 interplay shares in the hypoxic regulation of mammospheres and therefore, may play a relevant role in the hypoxic breast cancer stem cell niche. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1534–1541, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.