Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uniformity of optical absorption in HgCdTe epilayer measured by infrared spectromicroscopy

Infrared absorption in HgCdTe epitaxial material has been investigated using infrared spectromicroscopy to study the uniformity at dimensions representative of typical infrared detectors. Infrared transmission measurements were performed on HgCdTe material using an infrared beam diameter of 9 μm. Line scans and area maps of transmission spectra were obtained to investigate statistical variations in infrared absorption. The HgCdTe material demonstrates a high degree of uniformity, with a standard deviation in absorption coefficient near the sensitive turn-on region of less than 3% and standard deviation in extracted Hg1-xCdxTe compositon of 3×10−4.
Impact of electric field on the moisture diffusion properties of insulation paper: a molecular dynamics simulation study

Kraft paper is widely used in oil-paper insulation of power transformer. This type of cellulose insulation paper degrades under the combined influence of a number of interrelated factors, including moisture and electric field, during the long-term running process of power transformer. And researchers have conducted a lot of researches in the field of moisture and electric field influence on the ageing process of insulation paper. Current researches are still confined to studies of moisture on the aging of insulation paper by means of macrostructure testing. And the influence of electric is carried out only by adopting Ansoft, Ansys and Matlab and other common simulation software in electrical engineering. While microcosmic process and mechanism of moisture and electric field influence on insulation paper could not be reflected by these approaches. The Material Studio software for material simulation was adopted in this article to study the electric field influence on moisture diffusion in insulation paper. Different simulation models, such as crystalline and amorphous cellulose with multiple electric fields, were established respectively, and relevant simulation results were as follows: the polarization of electric field on the surface of crystalline cellulose has obvious implication on water diffusion, which restricts the movement of water molecules on the crystalline surface. The diffusion coefficient was reduced with significant differences in different directions X, Y and Z. In comparison, the electric field influence on water diffusion in amorphous cellulose model was lack in regularity.
On live migration and routing integration for delay-sensitive cloud services in wireless mesh networks

Virtual machine live migration is a promising solution to provide low end-to-end delay for delay-sensitive applications hosted in data centers. This enables a cloud operator to minimize end-to-end delay by placing virtual machines to the nearest data centers from users. However, a network operator does routing with a different objective, e.g., minimize network resource usages. Since the both operators' objectives are contradictory to each other, we previously proposed to integrate live migration and routing in backbone networks to resolve the contradiction. However, the dominant factor of end-to-end delay for cloud services is a congestion delay at access networks, which was not taken into account in our previous work. In this paper, we apply the integration into wireless access networks prone to suffer from large end-to-end delay and validate its effectiveness in such networks by formulating it as a solvable mixed integer non-liner program. Our new integration model incorporates congestion delays due to wireless links and therefore enables cloud operators to maintain small end-to-end delays for cloud applications. The numerical results indicate that integration of live migration and routing is successful at providing low end-to-end delay to delay-sensitive applications by resolving the contradiction.
Mining Self-similarity in Time Series

Self-similarity can successfully characterize and forecast intricate, non-periodic and chaos time series avoiding the limitation of traditional methods on LRD (Long-Range Dependence). The potential principals will be found and the future unknown time series will be forecasted through foregoing training. Therefore it is important to mine the LRD by self-similarity analysis. In this paper, mining self-similarity of time series is introduced. And the practical value can be found from two cases study respectively for seasonvariable trend forecast and network traffic.
Permutation generation for routing in bcube connected crossbars

BCube Connected Crossbars (BCCC) is a recently proposed network structure with short diameter and good expandability for cloud-based networks. Its diameter increases linearly to its order (dimension) and it has multiple near-equal parallel paths between any pair of servers. These advantages make BCCC a very promising network structure for next generation cloud-based networks. An efficient routing algorithm for BCCC has also been proposed, in which a permutation is used to determine which order (or dimension) will be routed first. However, there is no discussion yet about how to choose the permutation. In this paper, we mainly focus on permutation generations for routing in BCCC. We analyze the impact of choosing different permutations in both theory and simulation and propose two efficient permutation generation algorithms which take advantage of BCCC structure and give good performance.
Parametric imaging of blood perfusion with low-cost diagnostic ultrasound equipment

Developments on ultrasound contrast-specific imaging methods make it possible to detect the deep microvessel and evaluate blood perfusion noninvasively. In this study, we attempt to implement the perfusion parametric imaging to quantitatively assess blood perfusion of organs with the low-cost diagnostic ultrasound equipment. A novel ultrasound contrast imaging method called pulse inversion harmonic sum squared differences (PIHSSD) is proposed, which combines pulse inversion harmonic (PIH) method with pulse inversion sum squared differences (PISSD) method. Time-intensity curves (TICs) in each small region of interest (ROI) are gained from a sequence of PIHSSD images. The perfusion parametric images are acquired based on the parameters estimated from TICs. The perfusion parametric imaging was implemented using the modified diagnostic ultrasound equipment with pulse inversion transmit/receive mode. The flow phantom was used to validate the PIHSSD method for the perfusion parametric imaging, and the results suggested that the PIHSSD method can provide 11.9 to 17.5 dB higher contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) than PIH method. The experiments of the kidney of the rabbit were performed while keeping the relative position between transducer and organ basically unchanged during the examination. The results also showed that the CTR of PIHSSD images were higher than that of PIH images. The perfusion parametric images of the kidney of the rabbit were obtained including peak intensity (PI), area under curve (AUC), peak intensity time (PIT) and mean transit time (MTT). It was indicated that the parametric images based on PIHSSD method can possess more accurate assessment for blood perfusion. The perfusion parametric imaging method proposed in this paper can be easily realized on low-cost diagnostic ultrasound equipment and has promise to be widely applied clinically.
Removal of the local geomagnetic field affects reproductive growth in Arabidopsis

The influence of the geomagnetic field‐removed environment on Arabidopsis growth was investigated by cultivation of the plants in a near‐null magnetic field and local geomagnetic field (45 µT) for the whole growth period under laboratory conditions. The biomass accumulation of plants in the near‐null magnetic field was significantly suppressed at the time when plants were switching from vegetative growth to reproductive growth compared with that of plants grown in the local geomagnetic field, which was caused by a delay in the flowering of plants in the near‐null magnetic field. At the early or later growth stage, no significant difference was shown in the biomass accumulation between the plants in the near‐null magnetic field and local geomagnetic field. The average number of siliques and the production of seeds per plant in the near‐null magnetic field was significantly lower by about 22% and 19%, respectively, than those of control plants. These resulted in a significant reduction of about 20% in the harvest index of plants in the near‐null magnetic field compared with that of the controls. These results suggest that the removal of the local geomagnetic field negatively affects the reproductive growth of Arabidopsis, which thus affects the yield and harvest index. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:437–442. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perceptual Filling-in of Negative Coloured Afterimages

Filling-in of brightness, colour, and texture refers to the perceptual spreading of surround features onto the target area. This phenomenon has been extensively investigated in real images. Here, we study colour spreading in afterimages of disk-ring patterns, using a variety of colour combinations. We show that colour filling-in and filling-out in afterimages follow rules different from those found for real images, suggesting that the brain treats afterimages as genuine ‘stimuli’.
AcSDKP serum concentrations vary during chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia

AcSDKP is a physiological negative regulator of cell proliferation in mammals. In Ara‐C‐treated mice its plasmatic concentrations decrease while the CFU‐S start cycling. Infusion of AcSDKP protects these animals from death by blocking the proliferation of primitive haemopoietic cells. We measured AcSDKP serum concentrations in 20 AML patients during the course of high‐dose cytoreductive treatment. We observed an early and sharp increase of AcSDKP during the induction treatment in 12 patients, reaching a peak during the initial 3 d of treatment in nine of them. These results are contrary to those observed in mice treated with high doses of Ara‐C. They encourage further clinical investigation, and suggest that treatments with synthetic AcSDKP (Seraspenide) will perhaps have to be adjusted to the type of disease and the schedule of chemotherapy in order to optimize its myeloprotective effect.
Developing a multi sensors system to detect sleepiness to drivers from transport systems

The increasing number of accidents in transportation (rail, road) recorded in the past few years have become a serious concern for the society. The accidents caused by driving under fatigue, drowsiness and disruptive (stress) factors have a high mortality rate due to decreasing of the abilities of perception, recognition and control which are necessary for the conductors in the field of road and railway. The paper proposes a multi-sensor system for predicting fatigue and drowsiness based on the analysis of the power spectrum density (PSD) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and correlation with the cardiac cycle (ECG) or with the respiratory cycle. EEG data collecting uses a sensorial system, headset type (physical contact) or capacitive (no physical contact), and for ECG data collecting a new system of sensor is proposed, that does not involve physical contact against the capacitive system currently used. Our results demonstrated that it is possible to estimate with quantitative accuracy the driving performance in a 3D driving simulator, using the multi-sensor system proposed.
Safety of Simultaneous Lip-Lift and Open Rhinoplasty

Author Contributions: Dr Abraham had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Abraham, Brown, Finn. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Abraham, Rousso, Hu, Brown, Moscatello, Patel. Drafting of the manuscript: Abraham, Hu, Patel. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Abraham, Rousso, Hu, Brown, Moscatello, Finn. Administrative, technical, or material support: All authors. Study supervision: Abraham, Rousso, Brown, Moscatello, Patel.
Distribution of Candida Species in Different Clinical Samples and Their Virulence: Biofilm Formation, Proteinase and Phospholipase Production: A Study on Hospitalized Patients in Southern India

Introduction: Candida species are normal inhabitants of the skin and mucosa. The importance of epidemiological monitoring of yeasts involved in pathogenic processes is unquestionable due to the increase of these infections over the last decade; Materials and Methods: The clinical samples from the respiratory tract (sputum, bronchial wash, tracheal secretions), saliva, blood, urine, middle ear discharge, vitreous fluid, corneal ulcer, and plastic devices (endotracheal tube, catheter tip, suction tip) were collected and cultured. The species of Candida isolated were identified. Results: A total of 111 isolates of Candida species were recovered from 250 diverse clinical sources. C. albicans (39.64%) was the most isolated species, although the Candida non albicans species with 60.36% showed the major prevalence. In blood cultures, C. krusei (38.23%) and C. albicans (20.58%) were isolated frequently. C. albicans (63.27%) was the predominant species in mucosal surface. Urinary tract infections caused by yeasts were more frequent in hospitalized patients, C. krusei (50.0%) being commonly isolated, followed by C. albicans (25.0%). Discussion: Several virulence factors like, biofilm, proteinase, phospholipase, etc. contribute to the pathogenecity. Early detection of virulence factors by Candida is useful in clinical decision making. We therefore have aimed at demonstrating the formation of biofilm using the method proposed by Branchini et al, (1994). The proteinase produced by Candida was estimated as per the method of Staib et al, (1965). Phospholipase assay was carried out as per the method of Samaranayake et al, (2005). Conclusions: The data suggests that the capacity of Candida species to produce biofilm may be a reflection of the pathogenic potential of the isolates. C. krusei and C. tropicalis showed strong slime production. The non-Candida albicans produced more proteinase than C. albicans. C. albicans produced higher levels of phospholipase than non Candida albicans in this study.
Optimal subblock-by-subblock detection

We propose a recursive algorithm to compute the joint maximum a-posteriori (MAP) probability of a subblock of N consecutive symbols (i.e., a sliding window of length N) of a finite-state discrete-time Markov process of length K/spl ges/N observed in white noise given the whole block is received. This "optimal subblock-by-subblock detector" (OBBD, "vector MAP") is a generalization of the "optimal symbol-by-symbol detector" (OSSD, "symbol-by-symbol MAP"), which is obtained for N=1. The new algorithm improves applications with outer stage processing. This is indicated by investigating the average mutual information of a convolutional coding system. An example shows that the gain (in terms of average mutual information) by using joint probabilities could even exceed the gain by delivering soft OSSD outputs instead of hard outputs. >
Human prostate specific and shared differentiation antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies.

Splenic lymphocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with membrane-enriched fractions of human benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues were fused with the NS-1 light chain-secreting murine myeloma cell line. This generated hybridoma cultures that secreted immunoglobulins reactive in solid-phase radioimmunoassays with membrane preparations of prostatic tissues but not with membrane preparations of apparently normal human liver, spleen, thymus, or erythrocytes. After further screening of immunoglobulin reactivities and cloning of cultures, eight monoclonal antibodies were chosen that demonstrated reactivity with human prostate tissues. These monoclonal antibodies could be placed into at least three major groups--epithelium-specific, polyepithelial, and stroma-specific--on the basis of differential binding to the surfaces of various component cells in the prostate and other epithelia. Two antibodies defined unique protein antigens specific for prostate epithelia that were not crossreactive with prostatic acid phosphatase or the recently described "prostatic antigens. " These antibodies also detected antigens on malignant prostate tissues as well as other malignant tissues. Four antibodies defined three unique polyepithelial protein antigens (two of the antibodies were different isotypes defining the same protein). Each of the polyepithelial antigens was expressed on a different spectrum of normal epithelial tissues. Two displayed brain tissue crossreactivity, one was present on pancreas, and one was present on platelets. The two antibodies that detected prostatic stromal protein antigens showed different spectra of reactivities. One antibody reacted with apparently all prostatic stromal cells as well as endothelial cells in the prostate and other organs. The other antibody apparently reacted with all prostatic stromal cells as well as myoepithelial and muscle cells in other organs.
L'insertion de la Chine dans la mondialisation, les flux d'investissements directs étrangers et la disparité économique régionale en Chine

Depuis 1979, la Chine a entrepris les politiques des Reformes et de l’Ouverture. Cette periode marque un tournant de la Chine. La liberalisation du marche, l’industrialisation et l’internationalisation, qui sont realisees de maniere systematique et graduelle, ont permis d’integrer la Chine dans l’economie mondiale et la mondialisation. En etudiant le processus de la mondialisation et du developpement regional en Chine, nous pouvons constater une evolution multipolaire : une transition de l’economie traditionnelle, planifiee et fermee vers une economie moderne et ouverte du marche, une transformation d’une societe agricole vers une societe industrielle et de services et un changement conceptuel du centrisme chinois et de tradition vers la mondialisation et la modernite. Cette evolution est le resultat des forces irresistibles de la mondialisation et des experiences de la Chine quant a son refus, sa resistance, son acceptation forcee, et ses essais en matiere d’apprentissage vers la mondialisation. Cependant, la croissance n’est pas partagee de maniere equilibree entre les regions de la Chine. En raison des differences dans l’environnement naturel, dans les ressources, dans les structures industrielles, dans le developpement social et compte tenu des elements historiques et politiques, le developpement des regions retardees est une question qui releve non seulement de la stabilite economique et politique de la Chine, mais aussi d’une source de durabilite de la croissance chinoise. Les IDE sont un des facteurs contribuant a la croissance economique en Chine, mais ils ne sont pas les seuls facteurs fautifs a l’ecart de la disparite en Chine.
Pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: Biochemical aspects and therapeutic approaches

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the reasons for severe loss of visual acuity in diabetic patients. Exposure to hyperglycemic environment is the root cause, which activates or increases the rate of several biochemical pathways such as, polyol pathway, PKC pathway and formation of advanced glycation end products in the tissues leading to hypoxia, followed by tissue damage. Oxygen deprivation stimulates the retina to release growth factors causing growth of undesirable blood vessels in the retina, which is the central cause for retinopathy. Laser and anti-VEGF therapies are being used worldwide as a mode of treatment. But newer approaches to an effective treatment with less side effects is always a matter of concern. So several therapeutic agents to block the basic biochemical pathways of pathogenesis are designed and under research. This review focuses on the basic biochemical pathways for the pathogenesis of retinopathy and the drugs designed to block those pathways for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History

Introduction Michael Adas Part I: General Themes 1. Shapes of World History in Twentieth-Century Scholarship Jerry H. Bentley 2. Agricultural Origins in Global Perspective John Mears 3. Nomads and Sedentary Societies in Eurasia Peter Golden 4. Women in Ancient Civilizations Sarah Shaver Hughes and Brady Hughes 5. The Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Interactions in Eurasia Xinru Liu Part II: Cross-Cultural Themes in Key Global Regions 6. The Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas Before Contact John E. Kicza 7. Sudanic Civilization Christopher Ehret 8. The Hellenistic Period in World History Stanley Burstein 9. Southernization Lynda Shaffer 10. Finding Buddhists in Global History Jonathan S. Walters About the Contributors
Socially isolated children 20 years later: risk of cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that children who occupy peripheral or isolated roles in their peer groups (isolated children) are at risk of poor adult health. DESIGN Longitudinal study of an entire birth cohort. SETTING Dunedin, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1037 children who were followed up from birth to age 26 years. INTERVENTIONS Measurement of social isolation in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES When study members were 26 years old, we measured adult cardiovascular multifactorial risk status (overweight, elevated blood pressure, elevated total cholesterol level, low high-density lipoprotein level, elevated glycated hemoglobin concentration, and low maximum oxygen consumption). RESULTS Socially isolated children were at significant risk of poor adult health compared with nonisolated children (risk ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.61). This association was independent of other well-established childhood risk factors for poor adult health (low childhood socioeconomic status, low childhood IQ, childhood overweight), was not accounted for by health-damaging behaviors (lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol misuse), and was not attributable to greater exposure to stressful life events. In addition, longitudinal findings showed that chronic social isolation across multiple developmental periods had a cumulative, dose-response relationship to poor adult health (risk ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-4.56). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal findings about children followed up to adulthood suggest that social isolation has persistent and cumulative detrimental effects on adult health. The findings underscore the usefulness of a life-course approach to health research, by focusing attention on the effect of the timing of psychosocial risk factors in relation to adult health.
Smartwatch based Respiratory Rate and Breathing Pattern Recognition in an End-consumer Environment

Smartwatches as wearables became part of social life and practically and technically offer the possibility to collect medical body parameters next to usual fitness data. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the respiratory rate detection of the &gesund system. &gesund is a health assistance system, which automatically records detailed long-term health data with end-consumer smartwatches. The &gesund core is based on technology exclusively licensed from the Fraunhofer Institute of applied research. In our study, we compare the &gesund algorithms for respiration parameter detection in low-amplitude activities against data recorded from actual sleep laboratory patients. The results show accuracies of up to 89%. We are confident that wearable technologies will be used for medical health assistance in the near future.