Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Status of Children in Slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh

The nutritional status of children in slums of Dhaka is a sensitive indicator of health, economy and the sustainable development of Bangladesh. The research highlights the consequence of anthropometric measurements and nutritional status related other issues are taken of 102 children. The survey with a structured questionnaire was conducted by the researcher during 15th April 2015 to 6th June, 2015 among 102 children aged between 2 to 12 years from Mirpur, Kuril and Kamalapur slums (N=102) in Dhaka city. To determine hypothesis statistical data analysis QtiPlot and MS Excel software tools were used and hypothesis was tested. Bi-variant and analyses were used to determine the nutritional status of children and identify the relationship of common factors with the nutritional status of children. The research presents a number of results, 33.5% of the children age between 2 to 12 years are suffering from malnutrition. According to the BMI results, 32% of the children have undernourished problem. The socio-economic status of the children is pitiable. The children families mean monthly household incomes are affecting their health and nutritional status. The study reveals that 76.4% of the children are suffering from diseases for last one month because of their sanitation and hygiene status. The research also highlights the nutritional status of the children influenced by their parents awareness, socio-economic and demographic condition, nutrient intake, breastfeeding practice, good hygiene practice, sanitation system. Malnutrition along with high morbidity rates, this action may occur the children from their future unexpected problem during motherhood and hamper cognitive development. Nutritional education programs need to be implemented to improve the nutritional status. The present study generates information which indicates that the nutritional status of the children should not be overlooked and suitable approaches designed to improve their nutrition should be considered and studies elaborately in the future.
3‐Dimensional Tissue Is Formed From Cancer Cells In Vitro on Gelfoam®, But Not on MatrigelTM

Cell and tissue culture can be performed on different substrates such as on plastic, in Matrigel™, and on Gelfoam®, a sponge matrix. Each of these substrates consists of a very different surface, ranging from hard and inflexible, a gel, and a sponge‐matrix, respectively. Folkman and Moscona found that cell shape was tightly coupled to DNA synthesis and cell growth. Therefore, the flexibility of a substrate is important for cells to maintain their optimal shape. Human osteosarcoma cells, stably expressing a fusion protein of αv integrin and green fluorescent protein (GFP), grew as a simple monolayer without any structure formation on the surface of a plastic dish. When the osteosarcoma cells were cultured within Matrigel™, the cancer cells formed colonies but no other structures. When the cancer cells were seeded on Gelfoam®, the cells formed three‐dimensional tissue‐like structures. The behavior of 143B osteosarcoma cells on Gelfoam® in culture is remarkably different from those of these cells in monolayer culture or in Matrigel™. Tissue‐like structures were observed only in Gelfoam® culture. The data in this report suggest a flexible structural substrate such as Gelfoam® provides a more in vivo‐like culture condition than monolayer culture or MatrigelTM and that MatrigelTM does not result in actual three‐dimensional culture. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1362–1367, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infrastructure and device-to-device cellular data offloading. (Déchargement (offloading) infrastructuré et dispositif-à-dispositif dans les réseaux cellulaires)

This thesis addresses the overload problem of the Wireless Internet service Providers' (WISP) network. The growth of mobile broadband subscription has been leading several bottlenecks to WISPs, such as, bandwidth availability and resource sharing of over a single cellular cell. WISPs can move off data traffic from its infrastructure by deploying small cells, such as femtocells, to public WiFi networks or, more recently, to device-to-device opportunistic networks. This work evaluates the feasibility to offload mobile data traffic using WiFi hotspots, proposes a framework to opportunistic data offloading and an incentive mechanism to encourage users cooperation. We mapped 3G and WiFi coverage through several bus routes in Paris in order to evaluate how users and WISPs can benefit from the existing infrastructure. Our results indicate that the deployed WISPs access points can offload part of the data traffic, however restrictions such as association time and the authentication process may reduce the amount of offloaded data. We propose a multi-criteria decision-making framework, called OppLite, to offload data from 3G networks using opportunistic device-to-device communications. Trace-driven simulations showed that opportunistic mobile offloading can expand coverage and network efficiency, offloading up to 36% of data in certain scenarios. Thus, the effectiveness of opportunistic mobile offloading depends mainly of the delay tolerance of the applications and whether the user cooperates. Since opportunistic offloading depends on the user's willingness to offer his/her resources to others, we propose a message-based incentive mechanism that builds a reputation rank based on the source of messages received by the forwarding nodes, called MINEIRO. The network supports up to 60% of nodes with selfish behavior without performance degradation in a random mobility scenario. After this threshold, MINEIRO kept the delivery rate and the delay constant. Meanwhile, in a scenario with social-based mobility, selfish behavior degrades the network performance quickly
Mice with an Increased Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Dosage Show Enhanced Resistance to Stress and Endotoxic Shock

ABSTRACT Targeted mutagenesis of the glucocorticoid receptor has revealed an essential function for survival and the regulation of multiple physiological processes. To investigate the effects of an increased gene dosage of the receptor, we have generated transgenic mice carrying two additional copies of the glucocorticoid receptor gene by using a yeast artificial chromosome. Interestingly, overexpression of the glucocorticoid receptor alters the basal regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in reduced expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotrope hormone and a fourfold reduction in the level of circulating glucocorticoids. In addition, primary thymocytes obtained from transgenic mice show an enhanced sensitivity to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Finally, analysis of these mice under challenge conditions revealed that expression of the glucocorticoid receptor above wild-type levels leads to a weaker response to restraint stress and a strongly increased resistance to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock. These results underscore the importance of tight regulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression for the control of physiological and pathological processes. Furthermore, they may explain differences in the susceptibility of humans to inflammatory diseases and stress, depending on individual prenatal and postnatal experiences known to influence the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Partial Reinforcement and Breadth of Learning

Two experiments on partial reinforcement were undertaken to test predictions made by a two process model of discrimination learning. In the first experiment rats were trained on a discrimination involving two relevant cues: one group (C) was trained on a 100: o schedule, the other (P) on a 50:0 schedule. Both groups were then given transfer tests with the two cues presented individually; finally all animals were extinguished on the original training stimuli and on the single cue stimuli. During extinction there was a negative correlation between the number of correct responses made by individual subjects of Group C to each single cue; whereas the correlation was positive for subjects of Group P. The second experiment employed basically the same design, but subjects were trained with seven relevant cues. The results of transfer tests showed that subjects of Group P learned to attach the correct response to many more cues than subjects of Group C. This suggests that the breadth of learning is greater under partial than under consistent reinforcement. The results were predicted by the model of discrimination learning under test.
Evaluación de entornos para el aprendizaje cooperativo telemático: Synergeia

El aprendizaje cooperativo asistido por ordenador (CSCL) esta emergiendo como un paradigma que puede transformar el concepto tradicional de educacion, ya que permite que los estudiantes, guiados y orientados por el docente, puedan aprender unos de otros, sin que los miembros de los grupos de aprendizaje deban coincidir en el tiempo y/o en el espacio. Es decir, en el CSCL confluyen el concepto clasico del aprendizaje cooperativo y las Tecnologias de la Informacion y la Comunicacion, y una aplicacion efectiva del CSCL puede combinar las ventajas pedagogicas que se derivan de la adecuada implantacion del aprendizaje cooperativo y del uso de los recursos didacticos telematicos. La evaluacion de los entornos CSCL es una etapa tan critica como lo es la del propio diseno de estos entornos. El objetivo de este articulo es la evaluacion de un entorno para el aprendizaje cooperativo telematico: el sistema Synergeia. Synergeia es una herramienta CSCL gratuita basada en "espacios compartidos de trabajo" y que permite que los estudiantes compartan informacion y recursos, en un ambiente integrado de comunicacion, recibiendo informacion de los movimientos de sus companeros en dicho entorno. La evaluacion llevada a cabo consistio en el analisis de las respuestas de una encuesta respondida por nuestro alumnado, del Ciclo Formativo de Quimica Ambiental, y la comparacion de las mismas con las obtenidas por otros estudiantes extranjeros, dentro del proyecto europeo ITCOLE. A la luz de dichas respuestas, Synergeia ha sido considerado como un entorno que facilita la cooperacion telematica entre estudiantes, si bien es importante que haya una adecuada orientacion del docente durante el proceso de investigacion con Synergeia, y que es igualmente importante que los estudiantes puedan percibir las acciones y leer los comentarios de los otros companeros para poder construir su propio conocimiento.
Noise estimation with an inverse comb filter in non-stationary noise environments

We propose a new noise estimation method using only the current frame of noisy speech. The proposed method utilizes an inverse comb filter for noisy speech to suppress the power of speech, and estimates the noise from the resulting spectrum. It is shown by experiments that the spectral subtraction combined with the proposed noise estimation method is superior to the conventional speech enhancement methods in non-stationary noise environments.
Campus and College Victim Responses to Sexual Assault and Dating Violence

After sexual assault or dating violence occurs, a college victim may disclose the event to formal and informal sources as well as seek services. The current review explores empirical research on formal disclosure, informal disclosure, service utilization, and service provision among college students. Forty-five empirical articles and reports that met certain criteria were reviewed. Overall, rates of informal disclosure were considerably higher than rates of formal disclosure. Characteristics of the incident, victim, and offender were associated with disclosure. Rates of service utilization were varied but appear to be low among those victimized in the past year. When services were used, physical and mental health services were most often utilized. Available services, policies for dating violence and sexual assault, and judicial processes varied according to the type of institution, and indicate several areas for improvement. A number of research, practice, and policy implications emerge from this critical review of the literature.
Monoclonal antibody to endotoxin core protects mice from Escherichia coli sepsis by a mechanism independent of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6.

To study the role of cytokines as mediators of endotoxin-induced shock, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared in mice receiving either a monoclonal antibody to endotoxin core (clone 20), an irrelevant monoclonal antibody (A1), or culture media (DMEM/FCS) alone before lethal challenge with live Escherichia coli O111:B4. Clone 20 given 1.5 h before the bacterial challenge protected mice from death (mortality at 48 h 3% vs. 87%, P less than .001). The pattern of IL-6 release was indistinguishable in clone 20 recipients and controls: The area under the curve (AUC) for 5 h was 1.22 +/- 0.07 x 10(6), 1.03 +/- 0.17 x 10(6), and 1.22 +/- 0.07 x 10(6) units/ml for clone 20, A1, and DMEM/FCS, respectively. Similarly, the timing and extent of TNF release in the serum was virtually identical in clone 20 recipients that survived and control animals that died. AUC for 5 h was 30.8 +/- 4.0 x 10(3), 28.1 +/- 1.1 x 10(3), and 30.4 +/- 4.7 x 10(3) ng/ml in clone 20, A1, and DMEM/FCS recipients, respectively. Thus, TNF and IL-6 appear insufficient to cause death in this model of experimental gram-negative shock.
Fuzzy-Model-Based Fault-Tolerant Design for Nonlinear Stochastic Systems Against Simultaneous Sensor and Actuator Faults

This paper addresses the problem of fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for a class of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy Itô stochastic systems subject to simultaneously sensor and actuator faults. The main difficulty in this study is that sensor faults, actuator faults, and stochastic noise that are governed by Brownian motion are taken into simultaneous consideration in a unified framework, and traditional fault-tolerant approaches are not effective to solve this research issue. A new descriptor fuzzy sliding-mode observer approach is presented in this paper to obtain the simultaneous estimates of system state, sensor fault, and actuator fault vectors. Based on the state estimates, an observer-based fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is developed to stabilize the resulting closed-loop system. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant approach.
Intracellular Concentration of Protease Inhibitors in HIV-1--Infected Patients: Correlation with MDR-1 Gene Expression and Low Dose of Ritonavir

Abstract Background: Protease inhibitors (PIs) are substrates for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp/170) encoded by the multi-drug resistance gene (MDR-1). HIV infection is associated with increased expression of P-gp. The role of MDR gene overexpression in clinical pharmacokinetics is not known. Method: We determined by HPLC, at trough and peak levels, the current PI concentrations in plasma (P) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (intracellular concentration [IC]) from 49 HIV-infected patients receiving different treatment combinations: nelfinavir ([NFV] n = 12); indinavir ([IDV] n = 10); amprenavir ([APV] n = 5); ritonavir (RTV) 100 bid/IDV 800 mg bid (n = 6); RTV 400 bid/IDV 400 mg bid (n = 3); RTV 100 bid/saquinavir (SQV) 600 mg tid (n = 9); APV 600 bid/RTV 100 mg bid (n = 4). We determined the mean ratio of intracellular/plasma PI concentration for each treatment group. The MDR-1 gene expression was determined by a semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HIV viral load was simultaneously measured. Results: 49 patients (mean age 41 ± 8.7 years; mean CD4 cell count 418 [57-972]; mean HIV RNA 2.1 ± 0.8 log10) were included in the study. Patients who overexpressed the MDR-1 gene had significantly lower trough intracellular PI levels (p = .02) or lower intracellular accumulation of PI (p = .042). Patients treated with low-dose RTV in combined regimens with detectable RTV intracellular concentration showed lack of MDR-1 gene expression (p = .01). Patients with HIV RNA < 40 copies/mL had significantly higher RTV intracellular accumulation (p = .029). Conclusion: In HIV-infected patients, IC of PI is inversely correlated with MDR-1 gene overexpression. Undetectable viral load was associated with the use of low-dose RTV, probably linked to better intracellular accumulation of the drug. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to confirm these results.
A Self-Calibrated On-Chip Phase-Noise Measurement Circuit With $-$75 dBc Single-Tone Sensitivity at 100 kHz Offset

An on-chip clock phase-noise measurement circuit is presented. Unlike previously reported monolithic measurement techniques that measure jitter in the time domain, the proposed module measures the phase-noise spectrum. The proposed circuit is fully integrated and does not require a spectrally clean reference clock or any external calibration. The module can be integrated as part of a built-in self-test (BIST) scheme for PLL clock synthesizers. The proposed circuit uses a low-noise voltage-controlled delay-line (VCDL) and mixer-based frequency discriminator to extract the phase-noise fluctuations at baseband. A self-calibration circuit is used to operate the measurement circuit at its highest sensitivity point. The proposed circuit is fabricated using a 0.25 mum digital CMOS process and operates up to a 2 GHz carrier frequency. It achieves a single-tone measurement sensitivity of -75 dBc and an equivalent phase-noise sensitivity of -124 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency.
Evolution de la pardonnabilité avec l'âge : influence de facteurs personnels et propres à la transgression

La « pardonnabilite », ou tendance a pardonner une transgression commise, est un facteur important dans les relations interpersonnelles. L'objectif de notre etude est de preciser quelles sont les variables liees a la personne juge de la situation et a la transgression en soi qui influencent la pardonnabilite, et comment ces facteurs evoluent avec l'âge. Pour ce faire, 90 participants – 30 jeunes adultes (M = 27 ans, ET = 5.22), 30 adultes d'âge moyen (M = 51 ans, ET = 5.86), et 30 adultes âges (M = 68 ans, ET = 7.79) – ont juge le degre de pardonnabilite de 36 transgressions proposees sous forme de vignettes. Les analyses montrent trois resultats principaux : (1) le mensonge est le type de transgression jugee la moins pardonnable, du point de vue de la victime dans sa forme la plus severe, et ayant une consequence physique ; (2) les adultes d'âge moyen pardonnent le plus ; et (3) les dimensions emotionnelles influencant la pardonnabilite different selon l'âge. Ces resultats suggerent que l'evolution de la pardonnabilite avec l'âge est davantage influencee par les facteurs personnels que par les facteurs propres la transgression.
Intravenous fluid choices in critically ill children

Purpose of reviewTo review the past year's literature, and selected prior literature relevant to these most recent findings, regarding intravenous fluid choices in the management of critically ill children. Recent findingsTwenty-eight publications were identified using the keywords pediatrics and intravenous fluid in the PubMed database. The subjects identified included intravenous fluid choices related to perioperative maintenance fluid management, rehydration for dehydration related to diarrhea losses, rehydration in diabetic ketoacidosis, intravenous fluid needs during mechanical ventilation, use of intravenous fluids as hyperosmolar agents in traumatic brain injury, isotonic fluid bolus resuscitation for sepsis-related capillary leak syndrome-induced hypovolemic shock, maintenance intravenous fluid and blood transfusion for malaria-associated euvolemic severe anemia shock, isotonic fluid and blood boluses for trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock, and isotonic fluid boluses and generous maintenance infusion for burn resuscitation. SummaryBecause intravenous fluid can be helpful or harmful, it can only be safely done in critically ill children when using state-of-the-art monitoring of patient volume, electrolyte, osmolarity, pH, and glucose status.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with tissue-specific differences in insulin resistance.

OBJECTIVE The potential differential contributions of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue to whole body insulin resistance were evaluated in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty-two PCOS subjects and 15 body mass index-matched control subjects were studied. Insulin action was evaluated by the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp procedure. Isolated adipocytes and cultured muscle cells were analyzed for glucose transport activity; adipocytes, muscle tissue, and myotubes were analyzed for the expression and phosphorylation of insulin-signaling proteins. RESULTS Fifty-seven per cent of the PCOS subjects had impaired glucose tolerance and the lowest rate of maximal insulin-stimulated whole body glucose disposal compared to controls (P < 0.01). PCOS subjects with normal glucose tolerance had intermediate reduction in glucose disposal rate (P < 0.05 vs. both control and impaired glucose tolerance subjects). However, rates of maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport (insulin responsiveness) into isolated adipocytes were comparable between all three groups, whereas PCOS subjects displayed impaired insulin sensitivity. In contrast, myotubes from PCOS subjects displayed reduced insulin responsiveness for glucose uptake and normal sensitivity. There were no differences between groups in the expression of glucose transporter 4 or insulin-signaling proteins or maximal insulin stimulation of phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle, myotubes, or adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with PCOS display impaired insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle and myotubes, whereas isolated adipocytes display impaired insulin sensitivity but normal responsiveness. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue contribute differently to insulin resistance in PCOS. Insulin resistance in PCOS cannot be accounted for by differences in the expression of selected signaling molecules or maximal phosphorylation of Akt.
Moxifloxacinium chloride monohydrate

The title compound {systematic name: 7-[(1S,6S)-8-aza-2-azoniabicyclo[4.3. 0]non-8-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid chloride monohydrate}, C21H25FN3O4 +·Cl−·H2O, crystallizes with two moxifloxacinium cations, two chloride ions and two uncoordinated water molecules in the unit cell. The crystal structure has a pseudo-inversion center except for the chloride ions. In both moxifloxacinium cations, the quinoline rings are approximately planar, the maximum atomic deviations being 0.107 (3) and 0.118 (3) Å. The piperidine rings adopt a chair conformation while the pyrrolidine rings display a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, the carboxyl groups, the protonated piperidyl groups, the uncoordinated water molecule and chloride anions participate in O—H⋯O, O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding; weak intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding is also present in the crystal structure.