Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemistry of the Eicosanoids: Cyclooxygenase and Lipoxygenase Products of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Certain polyunsaturated fatty acids can be metabolized by oxygenation into a large family of biologically active substances, the so-called prostanoids or eicosanoids. This family includes the prostaglandins, thromboxanes, prostacyclins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and also a number of related mono-, di-, and trihydroxy compounds as well as epoxygenated fatty acids. Most of these substances are potent compounds and display a wide variety of effects in many biological systems. Among these are effects on blood pressure, smooth muscle contractility, kidney function, cyclic nucleotide levels, glandular excretion, hormone secretion, platelet aggregation, vessel tone, temperature regulation, lipolysis, chemotaxis, immune response, cell growth and differentiation, electrolyte and water balance, etc. In combination with the fact that the eicosanoids are almost ubiquitous in the mammalian body, it is not surprising that these substances are supposed to be involved in many physiological as well as pathological conditions in the organism. Thus, altered eicosanoid levels are sometimes found to coincide with the appearance of certain symptoms, and normalization occurs upon successful treatment of the condition with drugs known to interfere with eicosanoid biosynthesis or metabolism. The major classes of eicosanoids will be described below, and some of their possible biological roles will be discussed.
Productivity of an Intercropped Sweet Orange Orchard in Southwestern Nigeria

ABSTRACT At Ibadan southwestern Nigeria, juvenile Agege 1 sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees were intercropped with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) + maize (Zea mays L.), egusi melon (Citrullus lanatus L.) followed by soyabeans (Glycine max (L.) Meril), or chilli pepper Capsicum frutescence L. ) + amaranthus (Amaranthus caudatus L.) for four consecutive years. The aim was to determine an intercropping option which would yield high revenues without impairing the fruit yield of sweet orange. None of the intercrops significantly affected the height of sweet orange trees. However, all the intercrops significantly decreased the canopy diameter of sweet orange trees in the second year of intercropping. Intercropping with egusi melon followed by soyabeans, or cassava + maize significantly decreased the canopy volume of sweet orange trees. Intercropping with cassava + maize prevented early fruit set and significantly decreased fruit yield of sweet orange. Fruit yield of sweet orange intercropped with chilli pepper + amaranthus did not differ significantly from the yields of monocropped sweet orange trees. Intercropping with chilli pepper + amaranthus gave the highest yield efficiency of sweet orange trees. Net Present Value (NPV) of sweet orange plots monocropped or intercropped egusi melon followed by soyabeans, cassava + maize or chilli pepper + amaranthus were N-37900, N-300, N 105900 and N 154300 respectively. Since intercropping with chilli pepper + amaranthus gave the highest productivity without impairing fruit yield of sweet orange, this cropping system is recommended for adoption by citrus farmers in southwestern Nigeria.
Why do we determine α‐glucosidase activity in human semen during infertility work‐up?

α‐Glucosidase is a normal constituent of human semen, produced mainly in the epididymis. It is significantly correlated to sperm count. Its activity is low in cases of epididymal obstruction. We evaluated α‐glucosidase activity in 653 semen samples of patients, who attended our department for marital infertility, with respect to associations to clinical and other seminal parameters. The normal range (mean±2 SD) in samples with normal parameter values was 7.2–46.4 mU ml−1. The determination in patients with azoospermia revealed mean values of 7.7±9.5 mU ml−1 in obstructive azoospermia, and 15.8± 11.5 mU ml−1 in nonobstructive azoospermia. The difference was not statistically significant in that the sensitivity of determination with respect to the presence of obstruction was only 0.66, and the specificity 0.83. A significant correlation (r=0.34) of α‐glucosidase activity with log sperm count was observed. The mean α‐glucosidase activity was not significantly different in groups formed according to sperm motility, according to leucocyte count or according to semen volume. A difference between smokers and nonsmokers with comparable sperm count, as reported in the literature, did not occur. We conclude from our results that the determination of α‐glucosidase activity does not give additional information of the fertility status exceeding that of other clinical investigations or parameters of semen analysis.
Real-Time Bot Detection from Twitter Using the Twitterbot+ Framework

Nowadays, bot detection from Twitter attracts the attention of several researchers around the world. Different bot detection approaches have been proposed as a result of these research efforts. Four of the main challenges faced in this context are the diversity of types of content propagated throughout Twitter, the problem inherent to the text, the lack of sufficient labeled datasets and the fact that the current bot detection approaches are not sufficient to detect bot activities accurately. We propose, Twitterbot+, a bot detection system that leveraged a minimal number of language-independent features extracted from one single tweet with temporal enrichment of a previously labeled datasets. We conducted experiments on three benchmark datasets with standard evaluation scenarios, and the achieved results demonstrate the efficiency of Twitterbot+ against the state-of-the-art. This yielded a promising accuracy results (>95%). Our proposition is suitable for accurate and real-time use in a Twitter data collection step as an initial filtering technique to improve the quality of research data.
Testimony by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

The OECD was founded 50 years ago to foster economic prosperity and development by supporting policy makers around the world with advice on “better policies for better lives. ” In that context, we collect the best possible data from countries on their investments in research and development (R&D) and innovation, and analyze the factors and policies that drive innovation and growth. Our testimony will primarily focus on the international experience with tax incentives for R&D investment.
PHOSPHATE UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT IN PLANT CELLS

Streszczenie: Roliny wykszta3ci3y szereg przystosowañ do powszechnego w przyrodzie niedoboru fosforu. Szczególnie wa¿ne jest sprawne pobieranie i dystrybucja jonów fosforanowych (Pi) w obrêbie roliny, a tak¿e pomiêdzy przedzia3ami komórkowymi. System transportu Pi jest skomplikowany  wiadczy o tym liczba i ró¿norodnoæ transporterów uczestnicz1cych w tym procesie. W pracy szczegó3owo scharakteryzowano poznane ostatnio b3onowe przenoniki Pi uczestnicz1ce w procesie pobierania fosforanów z pod3o¿a (Pht1), w transporcie Pi z korzenia do pêdu oraz w dystrybucji Pi w pêdzie (Pht2). Opisano równie¿ bia3ka mog1ce pe3niæ funkcje transporterów lub ich regulatorów. Ponadto, scharakteryzowano translokatory Pi bior1ce udzia3 w rozdziale Pi pomiêdzy ró¿ne przedzia3y komórkowe (Pht3, pPT).
The Role of Motivational Theories in Shaping Teacher Motivation and Performance: A Review of Related Literature

Various scholars have theorised models of motivation, which laid a strong foundation for employers to motivate their employees. The purpose of this study was to review the motivational theories and explain their collective emphasis, with the ultimate aim of generating theoretical measures whose considerations and implementations could motivate teachers to improve quality of output in schools, as a measure of their work
A Survey of Novel Countermeasures Against Mobile Lock Screen Keystroke Inference Attacks

Mobile device security is a major research focus due to the widespread use of smartphones, tablets, and similar devices. While many applications exist to protect user data, their value is eliminated when an attacker gains information about user passwords. In this study, we survey four ex-ternal attacks where attackers gain information about user passwords inputted on soft keyboards through keystroke inference. The attacks analyze external cues such as tablet motion and gaze to learn about the victims’ passwords. We then propose novel countermeasures to the attacks and analyze their impacts on user experience and security
Chromosome Association and Pollen Fertility in Solanum melongena×S. surattense Hybrids

Intraspecific and interspecific relationship between Solanum melongena cv. Dorli, Round Black and S. surattense was investigated. Chromosome association and pollen sterility were also calculated for the parent and hybrids. The hybrid Dorli×surattense was possible only when the former was female parent. The fruits were obtained when the crosses were attempted between Round Black×Dorli but with sterile seeds. Some of these hybrids did not survive up to the flowering age. Round Black×surattense was unsuccessful in either direction. Cytological studies showed univalents frequently at diakinesis and metaphase I in the hybrid plants but not so in their parents. The univalents were due to the absence of pairing between homologous chromosomes. Laggards varying from 2 to 4 and bridges were observed in the hybrid plants.
Preliminary Study of Sexual Segregation in Dictyostelids

Mixed cultures comprising pairs of strains belonging to two compatible mating types, tentatively designated mat A and mat a, were prepared from four heterothallic dictyostelid species: Dictyostelium discoideum, D. giganteum, D. purpureum, and Polysphondylium pallidum. Most of the 100 sorocarps randomly sampled from each mixed culture belonged to mat A, mat a, or a mixture of mat A and mat a. However, these mixed cultures yielded many deformed pseudoplasmodia. This was probably due to the independent aggregations of amoebae belonging to mat A and mat a in the pseudoplasmodia since each aggregation bore a small but normal sorocarp. These observations suggest that the dictyostelids employ a sexual segregation mechanism.
Public Key Neural Linguistic Steganography

The ﬁeld of linguistic steganography studies systems which are able to encode secret messages in existing cover texts themselves. The primary focus of these systems is to provide users the ability to communicate encrypted messages without an observer being able to detect their use of cryptography. In this paper, we extend a neural steganography system to implement public-key encryption methods. Our work allows users who have not previously communicated secrets with each other to gain the beneﬁts of steganography and provides a construction that eases the pre-coordination requirements for users while providing similar security measures.
Sentiment Analysis on Twitter Data using Apache Hadoop and Performance Evaluation on Hadoop MapReduce and Apache Spark

- In recent years, social media websites such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have become very popular. Twitter, a popular social networking site is estimated to generate more than 200 million tweets a day and have 240+ million active users. In this paper, distributed computing platform offered by Cloudera is used to analyze real-time streaming Twitter data to find the sentiment expressed in each tweet. Sentiment mining is the process of determining the contextual polarity of text. In this paper, the paradigm to associate sentiments expressed by each tweet has been developed using Hadoop MapReduce framework. Also, the comparative analysis of Hadoop MapReduce and Apache Spark concerning the iterative computations to analyze their performance concerning memory usage and time has been performed. Performance of Apache Spark turned out to considerably higher almost 2x regarding time on a single node.
Hyperspectral Band Selection via Optimal Neighborhood Reconstruction

Band selection is one of the most important technique in the reduction of hyperspectral image (HSI). Different from traditional feature selection problem, an important characteristic of it is that there is usually strong correlation between neighboring bands, that is, bands with close indexes. Aiming to fully exploit this prior information, a novel band selection method called optimal neighborhood reconstruction (ONR) is proposed. In ONR, band selection is considered as a combinatorial optimization problem. It evaluates a band combination by assessing its ability to reconstruct the original data, and applies a noise reducer to minimize the influence of noisy bands. Instead of using some approximate algorithms, ONR exploits a recurrence relation that underlies the optimization target to obtain the optimal solution in an efficient way. Besides, we develop a parameter selection approach to automatically determine the parameter of ONR, ensuring it is adaptable to different data sets. In experiments, ONR is compared with some state-of-the-art methods on six HSI data sets. The results demonstrate that ONR is more effective and robust than the others in most of the cases.
I. KINAZY TYROZYNOWE JAKO ATRAKCYJNY CEL TERAPII PRZECIWNOWOTWOROWEJ

Streszczenie: Tyrozyno-swoiste kinazy bia3kowe, receptorowe (RTKs), jak i niereceptorowe (NTKs), pe3ni1 centraln1 rolê w przenoszeniu sygna3ów zewn1trzkomórkowych zarówno w komórkach prawid3owych, jak i neoplastycznych. Od lat poszukiwano inhibitorów uniemo¿liwiaj1cych przekaz sygna3u przez kinazy tyrozynowe. Bior1c za wzór naturalne inhibitory kinaz bia3kowych (kwercetyna, erbstatyna itp.) Levitzky i wsp. zsyntetyzowali w latach 19881989 pierwsze syntetyczne inhibitory kinaz tyrozynowych i nadali im nazwê tyrfostiny. Ponad 30 tyrfostinów jest obecnie w fazie badañ klinicznych. Struktura, aktywnoæ biologiczna i aktywnoæ przeciwnowotworowa wybranych inhibitorów kinaz receptorów EGF, IGF, VEGF oraz niereceptorowej kinazy BRC-ABL jest tematem niniejszego artyku3u. Wydaje siê, ¿e najwiêksze szanse zastosowania w terapii przeciwnowotworowej maj1 tyrfostiny podawane w mieszaninie z innymi inhibitorami transdukcji sygna3u lub z cytostatykami.
Maternal Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection Induced Apoptosis of the Implanting Blastocyst

Objective: Genital tract infections of gram-negative bacteria lead to a pathogenic condition known as bacterial vaginosis. Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides: LPS) are the main antigenic components of these bacteria and can trigger the immune system through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Many of the cytokines are known to be involved in the process of embryonic development and implantation of the blastocyst on to a receptive endometrium for successful pregnancy to occur. In earlier studies, in a mouse model it was shown that the normal pattern of expression for IL-1, TNF-α, CSF-1 etc., in the embryos and uterine horns are altered when the animals are exposed to a ‘minimum dose’ (MD) of LPS. The current study investigates whether LPS can cause apoptosis in the preimplantation stage embryos as an end effect. Material and Methods: 5 μg LPS were injected per mouse (weighing ≈ 20 gr) on day 0.5 of pregnancy. The degree of apoptosis induced by the MD of LPS was assessed by comet assays on individual preimplantation stage embryos. Results: MD of LPS was found to cause cell deaths in more than 88% of the embryos by the time they reach to the stage of implantation. Discussion: We conclude that LPS can cause implantation failure and pregnancy loss due to apoptosis of blastomeres during embryonic development to the blastocysts in vivo.
The Impact of Daphnia Cf. similis on Concentration Gradient of Phytoplankton Community in Freshwater Reservoirs of Ethiopia

Daphnia is an important link of aquatic plankton communities of many freshwater ecosystems such as lakes, ponds and reservoirs, taking a central position of food webs. These freshwater ecosystems exhibit occasionally the phenomenon of phytoplankton blooming. The objective of this study is to find out the impacts of D. cf. similis on concentration gradients of phytoplankton community and its role in controlling phytoplankton bloom. The experiments contained five treatments with four replicates each. Out of these there was one control, which contained phytoplankton without D. cf. similis. The remaining four treatments contained both D. cf. similis and phytoplankton at different concentrations of phytoplankton. Results were statistically analyzed using Stata version 11 software. From four phytoplankton concentration gradients we found mortality of D. cf. similis in CP (concentrated phytoplankton) and 1⁄2CP treatments while they reproduced and attained high density in 1⁄4CP with low phytoplankton concentration and CP treatments (with small phytoplankton). Phytoplankton biomass showed a significant decrease as the density of D. cf. similis increased. Our findings further indicated that D. cf. similis can control the growth of phytoplankton if the concentration of the latter is low, but they cannot control an already existing bloom.
Mechanically Strained Cells of the Osteoblast Lineage Organize Their Extracellular Matrix Through Unique Sites of αVβ3‐Integrin Expression

Bone cells transduce mechanical signals into anabolic biochemical responses. However, the mechanisms of mechanotransduction are unknown. To address this issue, we performed studies in primary cells of the human osteoblast lineage grown on collagen/vitronectin‐coated supports. We discovered that mechanical strain stimulated a redistribution of the αvβ3‐integrin to irregular plaque‐like areas at the cell‐extracellular matrix surface. Proteins involved in integrin‐matrix interactions in focal adhesions, vinculin and talin, did not localize to the plaque‐like areas of αvβ3‐expression, but signaling molecules such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) did. Mechanical strain increased the number and size of the plaques defined by surface expression of αvβ3‐integrin. Osteopontin was secreted as a cross‐linked macromolecular complex, likely through the action of tissue transglutaminase that also was found in the plaques of αvβ3‐integrin cell‐matrix interaction. Mechanical strain increased mineralization of the extracellular matrix that developed in these plaques in αvβ3‐integrin‐dependent manner. Because the plaque‐like areas of cell‐matrix interaction exhibit macromolecular assembly and mineralization, we conclude that they may represent subcellular domains of bone formation and that αvβ3‐integrin activation represents one mechanism by which mechanical strain stimulates bone formation.
Operculum of peppered loach, Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822) (Cobitidae, Cypriniformes): a scanning electron microscopic and histochemical investigation

Lepidocephalichthys guntea frequently darts and burrows in mud or sand, and spends most of the time buried in the soft bottom of water bodies. The epidermis covering its outer surface (OE) and the epithelium lining the inner surface of the operculum (EISO) differ noticeably in their surface architecture seen under SEM, and in their glycoprotein secretions analysed histochemically in whole mounts. This indicates their important physiological activity as mediators for extrinsic factors to which these are exposed. Micro-ridges arranged compactly may impart firm consistency to the free surfaces of the epithelial cells in the OE as an adaptation to mechanical stress during burrowing. In the EISO, which is not prone to abrasion during burrowing, in contrast, widely spaced micro-ridges suggest less rigid surfaces. Mucous cells are of two types, A and B, in the OE, and only one, type C, in the EISO. Most mucous cells in the OE are type A, and elaborate mainly sulphated glycoprotein, which is associated with an increase in the viscosity of mucus providing protection against possible mechanical damage during burrowing and against pathogens. In contrast, glycoproteins with oxidisable vicinal diols and with carboxyl groups elaborated by type C mucous cells in the EISO are considered to lower viscosity of the mucus. Mucus with lower viscosity is washed away more easily by water currents, preventing accumulation on the surface that may obstruct or disturb the smooth flow of respiratory current across the branchial chamber. Presence of prominent taste buds in the OE is considered as an adaptation to locate food with increased efficiency. Presence of a large number of taste buds in the EISO, is regarded as an adaptation to detect other chemicals that could enter the buccal cavity during respiration. Possible functional significance of glycoprotein secretions in the taste buds are discussed.
Fact Extraction from Medical Text using Neural Networks

: Fact extraction from free text is a challenging task requiring a great deal of human effort to program regular expressions and build rule-based solutions. It is essential in the medical ﬁeld where many care details are only stored as free text and automated fact extraction is the only way to interpret the large scale medical databases. Such medical texts represent communication between doctors and the text is often not syntactically valid, concepts are not represented consistently and the text is rife with misspellings. The described problems make it challenging to develop rule-based solutions to handle all the potential ways a fact might be written down. In this thesis, The effectiveness of neural networks was explored to do the fact extraction on texts from discharge reports on the Estonian Health Information System. We used the whole dataset of medical texts to train word embedding models. On the subsets of the data with annotations of particular facts, different classiﬁcation models were tested to detect those. We found that employing pre-trained word embeddings allowed us to efﬁciently learn new models for fact extraction using relatively small amounts of annotated data. We managed to achieve an F1 score of 0.86% for a new tag using 732 samples as the training dataset, validate on 82 samples, and testing over 3258 samples.
A Novel Method of Gradient-Based Illumination Invariant Face Recognition

: The effect of illumination variation is one of challenging problems in a face recognition system, which can dramatically reduce the performance of face recognition. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a novel method for face recognition. First of all, illumination insensitive representation of image is extracted, which is based on the ratio of gradient amplitude to the original image intensity in the domain. Then, combined with the analysis of NS-LDA algorithm for feature extraction, and finally classified with the nearest distance classifier. Compared with the existed representative approaches, such as LBP (Local Binary Pattern, LBP), WF(Weber-face, WF),GF (Gradientfaces , GF) ,this method has better recognition rate on CAS-PEAL, Yalefaces, Extended Yale B face database.
Allozyme diversity in Australian rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), were first introduced into Australia over 100 years ago, and forms the basis of important recreational inland fisheries and an aquaculture industry in south-eastern Australia. This paper investigates the genetic variation within and between samples of Australian rainbow trout using allozyme electrophoresis. The levels of genetic diversity within Australia do not show marked differences from those observed in hatchery and wild populations from throughout North America, New Zealand and South Africa, but there is evidence for the loss of some rare alleles during translocation from California to Australia via New Zealand. No appreciable difference in genetic diversity was apparent between hatchery and self-sustaining wild populations of rainbow trout from mainland Australia. However, significant differences in allelic frequencies were observed, with consistent genetic differences between Victorian and New South Wales samples most likely reflecting state-based hatchery and stocking policies.