Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polymères Dirigés et Réseaux Conducteurs de Chaleur - Systèmes de mécanique statistique à l'équilibre et hors équilibre

Dans cette these, nous etudions deux exemples issus de la mecanique statistique. Les polymeres diriges en environnement aleatoire sont un modele de systeme se trouvant a l'etat d'equilibre. Nous donnons un critere de comparaison entre les entropies du reseau et de l'environnement permettant d'ameliorer la borne inferieure sur la temperature critique. Nous utilisons egalement certains resultats connus dans le cadre de l'equation d'Anderson parabolique pour obtenir le comportement asymptotique de l'energie libre. Par ailleurs, nous utilisons les polymeres diriges pour donner une preuve simple de l'independance de la fonction de Lyapunov de l'equation d'Anderson parabolique par rapport a la condition initiale. Les reseaux conducteurs de chaleur sont etudies hors equilibre. Lorsque les potentiels d'interaction sont harmoniques, nous donnons une interpretation geometrique de la condition d'existence et d'unicite de la mesure invariante via un theoreme de completude. Dans le cas ou cette condition fait defaut, nous explicitons une quantite invariante par le flot hamiltonien. Nous generalisons ensuite les resultats d'unicite a des potentiels analytiques. Nous montrons que la condition de Hormander est suffisante pour avoir l'unicite de la mesure invariante via la controlabilite. Le principe de Lasalle est ensuite utilise pour montrer l'unicite sans la condition d'Hormander. Nous evoquons egalement le probleme de l'existence de telles mesures.
Multiport converters and ESS on 3kV DC railway lines: Case study for braking energy savings

In regional and local 3kV DC railway lines, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) along the catenary can manage energy coming from electrical braking; in the actual low-carbon economy scenario, besides environmental considerations, better energy utilization goes to a general rationalization of the existing and future electrical substations. Modular multiport converters based on Power Electronic Transformers (PET) and ESS can be used for this purpose. This work analyzes as case study a regional 3kV DC line, obtaining by simulations and GPS measurements the train current and the pantograph voltage profile on the catenary. Energy savings are calculated placing ESS and multiport converters inside existing substations.
Tax Burden Implication of Tax Reform

This study examines the effect of the 2007 reform pertaining to the corporate tax system on the tax burden of listed firms in Nigeria using the “t” test and canonical correlation analysis. Data were collected from the financial statements of the 86 sampled firms for the period 2003-2011 subdivided into pre-reform (2003-2006) and post reform (2008-2011) sub-periods for the purpose of comparing periods’ tax burdens. Data were also segregated along the Nigerian Stock Exchange industrial sector classifications. This study finds, on the whole, that the 2007 corporate tax reform has brought no additional tax burden on listed firms, however, sectoral analysis reveals the heterogeneity in the effect of the tax reform as firms within the agricultural and natural resources sectors witnessed increases in tax burden while firms in health and oil and gas sectors were favoured with reduced tax burden. The tax burden of other sectors is unaffected by the reform.
Effect of parasitic elements on spherical probe-fed antennas

Theory and experiment of a spherical probe-fed conformal antenna with a parasitic element mounted on a spherical multilayer structure are presented in this paper. Linear Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) triangular basis functions are applied in MPIE formulation. Current distributions on coaxial probe and conformal radiating elements are computed by using spatial domain Dyadic Green's Function (DGF) and its asymptotic approximation. A prototype of such an antenna is fabricated and tested. The effect of the parasitic element on the input impedance and radiation patterns of the antenna is investigated. It is shown that the antenna characteristics are improved significantly with the presence of the conducting parasitic element. Good agreement is achieved between the results obtained from the proposed methods and the measurement results.
Réponses physiologiques au cours d'exercices intermittents en course à pied

Les objectifs de ce travail etaient d'analyser les reponses physiologiques au cours d’exercices intermittents en course a pied et de determiner i) un test d'evaluation de la vitesse maximale aerobie (VMA) adapte aux exercices intermittents ; ii) les exercices intermittents permettant une sollicitation maximale de la consommation d'oxygene (VO2max) ; iii) les facteurs physiologiques et neuromusculaires limitant la duree des exercices intermittents.La premiere etude a permis de montrer que la realisation d’un exercice intermittent alternant des periodes d'effort de 30 s avec des periodes de recuperation de 30 s (30s-30s), a la VMA atteinte a la fin du test intermittent incremental 45-15FIT, permettait a la fois de realiser un grand nombre de repetitions et de solliciter un fort pourcentage de la VO2max pendant la duree de l'exercice. Lors de la seconde etude nous avons montre que les exercices intermittents de type 5s-15s, 30s-30s et 60s-60s, courus a la VMA permettaient de solliciter un fort pourcentage de la VO2max. L'exercice intermittent de type 30s-30s est celui qui permet neanmoins de realiser le plus grand nombre de repetitions. Une part plus importante de la glycolyse dans la production d'energie reduit le nombre de repetitions lors de l'exercice de type 60s-60s par rapport a l'exercice de type 30s-30s ; une fatigue musculaire causee par un plus grand nombre d'accelerations et de decelerations reduit quant a elle le nombre de repetitions lors de l'exercice de type 15s-15s, par rapport a l'exercice de type 30s-30s. Les resultats de la troisieme etude ont confirme que les exercices intermittents de type 5s-15s, courus a la VMA, induisaient une fatigue musculaire plus importante, due essentiellement aux nombreuses accelerations et decelerations. Il a egalement ete montre qu'a la suite d'un exercice pre-fatigant des muscles extenseurs du genou (contractions musculaires evoquees par electromyostimulation vs contractions volontaires isometriques), le nombre de repetitions lors de l'exercice intermittent 30s-30s etait reduit, mais que le pourcentage de temps passe a plus de 90% de la VO2max n'etait pas diminue par rapport a la realisation sans pre-fatigue.L'ensemble de nos travaux permettent de definir un ensemble d'exercices intermittents qui, lorsqu'ils sont courus a la VMA evaluee lors du test 45-15FIT, permettent d'atteindre un niveau eleve de sollicitation du systeme aerobie, dont l'exercice de type 30s-30s pourrait constituer un exercice "standard"
Constructing Word-Sense Association Networks from Bilingual Dictionary and Comparable Corpora

A novel thesaurus named a gword-sense association networkh is proposed for the first time. It consists of nodes representing word senses, each of which is defined as a set consisting of a word and its translation equivalents, and edges connecting topically associated word senses. This word-sense association network is produced from a bilingual dictionary and comparable corpora by means of a newly developed fully automatic method. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method were demonstrated experimentally by using the EDR English-Japanese dictionary together with Wall Street Journal and Nihon Keizai Shimbun corpora. The word-sense association networks were applied to word-sense disambiguation as well as to a query interface for information retrieval.
AAS 10-102 OPTIMAL IMPULSIVE LEO TO LEO MULTIPLE-PASS AEROASSISTED ORBITAL TRANSFER FOR SMALL SPACECRAFT

The problem of minimum-fuel multiple-pass heat rate-constrained aeroassisted orbital transfer of a small high lift-to-drag ratio vehicle from low-Earth orbit to low-Earth orbit with an inclination change is considered. Assuming impulsive thrust, the trajectory design is described in detail and the aeroassisted orbital transfer is posed as a nonlinear optimal control problem. The optimal control problem is solved using an open-source software implementation of the Gauss pseudospectral method. Key features of the optimal trajectories are identified. Unlike previous research where a much more massive vehicle was used, for a small vehicle of the size considered here it is more fuel-efficient to utilize only a few (e.g., one or two) atmospheric passes than to utilize many more passes. The results of this study provide insight into mission design for small spacecraft.
Interferon‐γ independent formation of pulmonary granuloma in mice by injections with trehalose dimycolate (cord factor), lipoarabinomannan and phosphatidylinositol mannosides isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The mechanisms by which pulmonary granuloma formation is caused by administration of mycobacterial glycolipids such as trehalose dimycolate (TDM), lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIM) were investigated. When peritoneal and alveolar macrophages were stimulated with TDM, LAM and PIM in vitro, TDM exhibited the strongest tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐inducing activity. Responsiveness of macrophages from mice defected Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) was much higher than that of the wild‐type mice. Although PIM and LAM also had a significant activity, LAM rather than PIM stimulated higher TNF‐α production by alveolar macrophage. When mycobacterial glycolipids were injected as water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion into mice via the tail vein, development of pulmonary granuloma in response to glycolipids were related closely to their TNF‐inducing activity and TDM exhibited the strongest activity. Granuloma formation was observed not only in mice lacking interleukin (IL)‐12 signalling but also interferon (IFN)‐γ knock‐out mice. Granuloma formation caused by glycolipids correlated with TNF‐α levels in lungs. Administration of anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody into TDM‐injected IFN‐γ knock‐out mice decreased in granuloma formation, suggesting that development of pulmonary granuloma by mycobacterial glycolipids such as TDM is due to IFN‐γ‐independent and TNF‐α‐dependent pathway.
Analysis of Urban Millimeter Wave Microcellular Networks

Millimeter wave (mmWave) networks are sensitive to blockages due to buildings in urban areas. This is critical for vehicle-to-infrastructure networks which are cellular networks designed to support emerging vehicular applications. Motivated by measurement and ray tracing results in urban microcells, instead of characterizing the pathloss by Euclidean distance, we calculate it by the weighted sum of segment length along the propagation path, i.e., Manhattan distance, and a certain corner loss at the intersections along the path. We analyze network performance by modeling the urban microcell network by a Manhattan Poisson line process. Our results show significant differences between Manhattan and Euclidean distance- based pathloss models. Assuming the receiver is associated with the base station (BS) with the smallest pathloss, we derive closed-form expression of the distribution of the associated link pathloss. We obtain the coverage probability and reveal the impacts of interference from the LOS and NLOS BSs. It is shown that in this scenario the interference from a NLOS parallel street is negligible.
CHALLENGES FACED BY THE UBER DRIVERS AND CONSUMERS SATISFACTION IN PUNE CITY

Uber is the best example of sharing economy. Technology has enables taxi services to be easient way for hassel-free experience. Uber has redefined the taxi industry. Uber in a very short span has gained recognition across geographies. The taxi service is well known for its sophisticated services and affordable prices for rides. This study focuses on the challenges the Uber drivers face providing their services to the consumers and the satisfaction derived by the consumers after the ride. The tool used for analysis is descriptive statistics –mean, medium, mode and standard deviation. It was found that
Critical Appraisal of Work Values of Hospital Leaders- a Case Study Conducted in Reputed Private Hospital, Bangalore

Trust at work comes from living values that one sermonizes on a daily basis and defines the character of an individual or group. To echo one value and act another will obviously dent the trust of all the stakeholders involved. Work values are those guiding principles that steer the behavior of individuals at work and helps create and sustain trust and become normative codes to follow when it permeates down from the top management. This is especially true for the healthcare industry where work values are critical and sensitive. In the face of adversity that hospitals are today, with tragedies like the AMRI Hospital fire in Kolkata in Dec 2011 and scores of such incidents questioning the existence of work values, it becomes increasingly imperative to understand what work values drives such culpable behavior especially when medical tourism is in its boom phase in India. It is without a doubt that the work values of the leadership become the norms that influence the code of conduct for everybody in the organization to follow. In this paper, the authors made an attempt to critically evaluate the work values that are deemed to be vital for hospital leaders of a private hospital in Bangalore by administering a checklist of work values to the hospital leadership based on Capability Maturity Model framework by dividing them into ethical and operational work values. By scrutinizing the work values of the organization, a leadership work values model was developed based on the principles of Paretos analysis
Diversity of Globin Function: Enzymatic, Transport, Storage, and Sensing*

The availability of genomic information from the three kingdoms of life has altered substantially our view of the globin superfamily. It is now evident that Hbs,2 defined as hemeproteins comprising five to eight -helices (A–H), with an invariant His at position F8 providing the proximal ligand to the heme iron, occur as three families in two structural classes (1). Within each family, the Hb can be either chimeric or SD. Historically, the first members of the two families that display the canonical 3/3 -helical fold were chimeric: the FHbs in Escherichia coli and yeast discovered in 1990, consisting of an N-terminal Hb coupled to a ferredoxin reductase-like domain, and the GCSs reported in bacteria and Archaea a decade later, comprising anN-terminalHb linked to variable gene regulatory domains. The third family of Hbs discovered concomitantly in algae, ciliates, and bacteria were the 2/2Hbs (“truncated” Hbs), which exhibit a 2/2 -helical fold (see supplemental figure). More recently, SD globins have been discovered in the FHb-like and sensorHb families that we have called SDFgbs and SDSgbs, respectively (2, 3). Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically the three Hb families and summarizes their distribution in bacteria and eukaryotes. A classification of Hbs is presented in the supplemental table. Only bacteria have representatives of all three families in chimeric and SD guise; the Archaea and eukaryotes lack FHbs and GCSs, respectively. On the basis of the higher sequence similarity to bacterial FHbs/SDFgbs than toGCSs and 2/2Hbs and the presence of FHbs/SDFgbs in unicellular eukaryotes, we have proposed that all eukaryoticHbs, including vertebrate / -globins,Mbs, Ngbs, andCygbs and all the invertebrate and plant Hbs, emerged from one or more ancestral bacterial SDFgbs (2). The variety of Hbs in bacteria makes it clear that the familiar O2 transport function of vertebrate Hbs is a relatively recent adaptation and that the early Hb functions must have been enzymatic andO2-sensing. In this review,wewill not discussO2 transport by animal (metazoan) Hbs; instead, we will focus on the reactions and functions of the FHbs/SDFgbs in the first five sections. The functions of the remaining two globin families will be discussed in the last two sections.
The Role of COX-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain

Postoperative pain requires treatment not only to provide comfort to patients but also to improve postoperative outcome. Anti-inflammatory compounds are an important component of multimodal analgesia in the postoperative period. The newer cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors are as effective as classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in this setting. However, COX-2 inhibitors offer a number of advantages over NSAIDs when used to treat postoperative pain. These include a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal ulceration and no inhibitory effect on platelet function and thereby a reduced risk of blood loss. Other benefits are less impairment of bone healing and no induction of bronchospasm in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Increased cardiovascular thromboembolic events by COX-2 inhibitors have been reported after coronary artery bypass graft surgery only, but in general, surgery studies the incidence of such complications was comparable to placebo. Overall, COX-2 inhibitors offer a number of advantages over classical NSAIDs in the postoperative pain setting, but require the same caution with regard to renal effects.
Suppression of lethal autoimmunity by regulatory T cells with a single TCR specificity

The regulatory T cell (T reg cell) T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and skewed toward recognition of self-antigens. TCR expression by T reg cells is continuously required for maintenance of immune tolerance and for a major part of their characteristic gene expression signature; however, it remains unknown to what degree diverse TCR-mediated interactions with cognate self-antigens are required for these processes. In this study, by experimentally switching the T reg cell TCR repertoire to a single T reg cell TCR, we demonstrate that T reg cell function and gene expression can be partially uncoupled from TCR diversity. An induced switch of the T reg cell TCR repertoire to a random repertoire also preserved, albeit to a limited degree, the ability to suppress lymphadenopathy and T helper cell type 2 activation. At the same time, these perturbations of the T reg cell TCR repertoire led to marked immune cell activation, tissue inflammation, and an ultimately severe autoimmunity, indicating the importance of diversity and specificity for optimal T reg cell function.
Lower limb alignment and foot angle are related to stance phase knee adduction in normal subjects: A critical analysis of the reliability of gait analysis data

Anatomic and mechanical factors that affect loading in the knee joint can contribute to pathologic changes seen at the knee in degenerative joint disease and should be considered in treatment planning. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relationships between the alignment of the bones of the lower extremity, foot progression angle, and knee adduction moment, and to determine the reliability of our gait measurements. Gait analysis and complete radiographic evaluation of the lower extremity were performed on 11 healthy subjects. The gait measurements were recorded with an optoelectronic digitizer and a multicomponent force plate. The subjects who had radiographic measurements indicative of varus alignment of the lower extremity had statistically higher peaks in knee adduction moment in early stance. Conversely, those with valgus alignment of the lower extremity had statistically lower peaks in knee adduction moment in early stance. The subjects who had a large toe‐out angle and low ankle inversion moment peaks in late stance had significantly lower peaks in knee adduction moment in late stance. These significant (low to moderate) correlations suggest that the limbs with more valgus alignment and those with a toe‐out gait exhibited a reduced peak adduction moment at the knee. To verify the reproducibility of the data, gait analysis testing was performed on each lower limb on 2 separate days for each subject. Analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between test limbs or test days for each subject. Our results suggest that the alignment of the lower limb and the foot progression angle, which can be readily measured in a clinical setting, can serve as predictors of knee joint loading in healthy individuals. These findings may have important implications for both surgical and nonsurgical treatment of abnormalities of the knee joint.
Maternal supplementation with a megadose of vitamin A reduces colostrum level of α-tocopherol: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND Maternal supplementation with vitamin A is one of the strategies for controlling its deficiency in the mother-child dyad, although studies with animals showed that supplementation with high doses of vitamin A reduces the levels of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in the mother's serum and milk. The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of maternal supplementation with vitamin A on the concentration of retinol and α-tocopherol in human milk. METHODS Healthy puerperal women were randomly distributed into a control group (n = 44) and a supplemented group (n = 44). Blood and colostrum samples were collected after delivery, and mature milk samples were collected 30 days later. The supplemented group received 200 000 IU of retinyl palmitate after the first colostrum collection. The retinol and α-tocopherol levels in the samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The mean (SD) retinol and α-tocopherol levels in the maternal serum were considered adequate at 46.4 (15.9) and 1023.6 (380.4) μg dL(-1) , respectively. The colostrum retinol levels of the supplemented group increased significantly 24 h after the intervention (P < 0.001). However, the retinol levels in the mature milk of both groups did not differ (P > 0.05). Moreover, after maternal supplementation with vitamin A, the colostrum α-tocopherol level decreased by 16.4%, which is a significant reduction (P < 0.05). However, vitamin A supplementation did not affect the α-tocopherol level of mature milk (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal supplementation with high doses of vitamin A increased the colostrum level of this nutrient but reduced the bioavailability of α-tocopherol, which may harm the newborn's health because newborns have limited vitamin E reserves.
Genetic screening and counseling

Purpose of review Recent advances in genetic technology have substantial implications for prenatal screening and diagnostic testing. The past year has also seen important changes in recommendations surrounding the genetic counseling that occurs in the provision of such testing. Recent findings Multiple screening tests for single gene disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and structural birth defects are now routinely offered to all pregnant women. Ethnicity-based screening for single gene disorders includes Tay Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis, and hemoglobinopathies. Recent discussions have involved, not only additional disorders that warrant screening, but a re-evaluation of the paradigm of selecting disorders for population-based screening. Testing for chromosomal abnormalities has seen the introduction of first-trimester screening, as well as strategies to improve detection through sequential testing. Changes in recommendations for screening compared with diagnostic testing, and a move away from maternal age-based dichotomizing of testing, have had major implications for provision of genetic counseling by providers of prenatal care. Summary Advances in genetic testing have resulted in tremendous benefits to patients, and challenges to providers. New approaches to education and counseling are needed to assure that all patients receive a complete and balanced review of their prenatal genetic-testing options.