Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECTRAL ALBEDO MEASUREMENTS IN THE UV and VISIBLE REGION OVER DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURFACES

Abstract— The spectral albedo of the earth's surface, i.e. the ratio between spectral irradiance reflected by the ground to all directions and global irradiance, was measured by a spectroradiometer in the UV and visible region from 290 nm to 800 nm with a spectral resolution of 1.5 nm at steps of 2 nm in the UV (290–400 nm) and 10 nm in the visible (400–800 nm) region. The measurements were performed over bare fertile soil, sand at the beach, concrete (autobahn) and snow as well as over different types of vegetation (grass, oats, rye, sugar‐beet, stubble). As the albedo increases with increasing wavelengths for most types of surfaces considered, it is smaller in the UV than in the visible region. In the UVB region (λ < 315 nm) the measured albedo is as small as 0.016‐0.017 over vegetation, 0.04‐0.05 over bare fertile soil, 0.07‐0.10 over concrete (“autobahn”) and 0.62‐0.76% over polluted snow with a small wavelength dependence. A somewhat higher albedo occurs in the UVA region (315 < λ < 400 nm) with values ranging from 0.02 over vegetation to 0.05 to 0.08 over bare soil. The albedo over dry bright sand, which is typically found at the beach, is significantly higher (0.14 at 300 nm to 0.24 at 400 nm) than over other snow‐free surfaces, thus leading to an enhanced dose of biologically effective radiation at the beach.
Optimization of the data processing pipeline for pseudo-words in phonetics research

In phonetics and phonology research, especially experimental phonetics, pseudo-words are often designed and employed to elicit target production. However, when it comes to data processing, many state-of-the-art pipelines for automatic phone segmentation favour real or natural speech. Therefore, one of the aims of my PhD project is to optimize the data processing pipeline for speech data containing pseudo-words using WebMAUS. In addition, acoustic feature extraction and annotation of linguistic factors are also attempted to be included in the pipeline.
Bioreduction of Hematite Nanoparticles by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee: Prof. Michael F. Hochella, Jr. A dissertation is presented on the bioreduction of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. The study shows that an alternative extracellular electron transfer mechanism other than the classical ‘direct-contact’ mechanism may be simultaneously employed by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 during solid-phase metal reduction. This conclusion is supported by analysis of the bioreduction kinetics of hematite nanoparticles coupled with microscopic investigations of cell-mineral interactions. The reduction kinetics of metal-oxide nanoparticles were examined to determine how S. oneidensis utilizes these environmentally-relevant solid-phase electron acceptors. Nanoparticles involved in geochemical reactions show different properties relative to larger particles of the same phase, and their reactivity is predicted to change as a function of size. To demonstrate these sizedependent effects, the surface area normalized reduction rates of hematite nanoparticles by S. oneidensis MR-1 with lactate as the sole electron donor were measured. As evident from whole cell TEM analysis, the mode of nanoparticle adhesion to cells is different between the more aggregated, pseudo-hexagonal to irregular shaped 11 nm, 12 nm, 99 nm and the less aggregated 30 nm and 43 nm rhombohedral particles. The 11 nm, 12 nm and 99 nm particles show less cell contact and coverage than the 30 nm and 43 nm particles but still show significant rates of
Solvent screening for the fractionation of industrial kraft lignin

Abstract The polydispersity of commercially available kraft lignins (KLs) is one of the factors limiting their applications in polymer-based materials. A prerequisite is thus to develop lignin fractionation strategies compatible with industrial requirements and restrictions. For this purpose, a solvent-based lignin fractionation technique has been addressed. The partial solubility of KL in common industrial solvents compliant with the requirements of sustainable chemistry was studied, and the results were discussed in relation to Hansen solubility parameters. Based on this screening, a solvent sequence is proposed, which is able to separate well-defined KL fractions with low polydispersity.
HEALTHY-YEAR EQUIVALENTS IN MAJOR JOINT REPLACEMENT

Objectives: Healthy-years equivalents (HYEs) have been proposed as an evaluative measure with advantages over quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The main purpose was to assess the feasibility of eliciting HYEs from patients who have undergone major joint replacement; a secondary objective was to examine relationships with postsurgical health status. Methods: Pre- and postsurgical reports of perceived comorbidity and current arthritic burden were obtained from 194 patients, using a comorbidity checklist, summary scores from the Western Ontario/McMaster Osteoarthritis Questionnaire (WOMAC), summary scores derived from six Likert scales, and holistic utility scores for the same attributes. After surgery, HYEs for the full across-time health profile were also elicited. Results: All measures of arthritic burden were sensitive to pre/postsurgical changes (p = .0001), and comorbidity scores were stable. Two HYE subgroups emerged. An HYE-invariant subgroup ascribed full HYEs to their profiles, while reporting higher Likert (t = 2.1309; p = .0344) and utility (s = 4.1504; p = .0001) scores for their postsurgical health state. An HYE-variant subgroup reported HYEs that were weakly but significantly (p < .009) correlated with Likert (r = .30), utility (rs = .25), and comorbidity (r = −.26) scores for their postsurgical state. Conclusions: Our results indicate that patients can understand the HYE assessment procedures and provide interpretable responses. However, a significant proportion reports invariant HYEs that could inflate estimates of the overall mean HYE. Further exploration of the HYEs reported by different clinical and attitudinal populations is needed before widespread adoption of this measure.
Application of magnetic atom induced bound states in superconducting gap for chemical identification of single magnetic atoms

Elemental identification at single atom level has been achieved with a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope. Magnetic atoms (Mn or Cr) adsorbed on a superconducting Pb substrate induce a set of well-defined resonance states inside the superconductor gap in scanning tunneling spectroscopy. We show that these localized characteristic bound states could serve as fingerprint for chemical identification of the corresponding atoms, similar to atomic/molecular spectra widely used in optical spectrometry. The experiment demonstrates a technique for element-resolved spectroscopy with simultaneous atomic-level spatial resolution. The influence of magnetic impurity concentration on the bound states has also been investigated.
Teitiota v. chief executive of the ministry of business, innovation and employment

541Environment — Climate change — Rising sea levels — Threat to certain States — Nature of international law obligations — Whether person from threatened State entitled to refugee status Human rights — Economic and social rights — Climate change — Whether requiring person to return to country threatened by climate change would violate human rights Aliens — Refugees — United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951 — Article 1A(2) — Definition of a refugee — Recognition as a refugee — Meaning of persecution — Whether climate change provides grounds for recognition as a refugee — Indiscriminate impact of environmental change — Environmental degradation and refugee status — Human agency and climate change — The law of New Zealand
Investigation of CdS Photoanode Reaction in the Electrolyte Solution Containing Sulfide Ion

The study of the photoanodic reaction in the CdS/S2− system was carried out by means of the rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) technique. The photoanodic reactions at an n-type CdS electrode are divided into two types; the photoanodic oxidation of redox agents in the electrolyte solution and the photoanodic dissolution of CdS electrode surface. The stabilization of a CdS photoanode could be attained through the preferential progress of the former of these two processes. The ratio between these two processes depends upon the concentration of S2− in the electrolyte solution and the light intensity. Sulfide ion in the electrolyte solution stabilizes CdS photoanode and gives rise to the shift of the flatband potential of CdS electrode by ca. −60 mV/log[S2−]. This dependence of the flatband potential on sulfide ions can be explained by an adsorptive dissociation equilibrium at a CdS electrode surface. The results of the photoanodic reaction were disscussed referring to the charge transfer process with the par.
Density distribution functions of confined Tonks–Takahashi fluids

The density distribution functions of a confined one‐dimensional fluid of particles obeying the Tonks–Takahashi nearest neighbor two‐body potential are reduced to simple functions of the grand canonical ensemble partition function. The resulting formulas are analogous to those found by Robledo and Rowlinson for a hard‐rod fluid. In the absence of an external field the partition functions can be evaluated by the method of Laplace transforms. The dependence of the pressure P on the separation L of the confining walls is investigated for three model potentials: (i) hard rod, (ii) square well, and (iii) triangle well. P is an oscillating function of L in all three cases. The oscillations arise from the ordering effect of the repulsive forces between particles. The attractive interactions of the triangle‐well potential reinforces the ordering whereas those of the square‐well potential diminishes the ordering. Results for semiconfined and homogeneous fluids are also presented.
Feature Engineering for Human Activity Recognition

—Human activity recognition (HAR) techniques can significantly contribute to the enhancement of health and life care systems for elderly people. These techniques, which generally operate on data collected from wearable sensors or those embedded in most smart phones, have therefore attracted increasing interest recently. In this paper, a random forest-based classifier for human activity recognition is proposed. The classifier is trained using a set of time-domain features extracted from raw sensor data after being segmented into windows of 5 seconds duration. A detailed study of model parameter selection is presented using the statistical t -test. Several simulation experiments are conducted on the WHARF accelerometer benchmark dataset, to compare the performance of the proposed classifier to support vector machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The proposed model shows high recognition rates for different activities in the WHARF dataset compared to other classifiers using the same set of features. Furthermore, it achieves an overall average precision of 86.1% outperforming the recognition rate of 79.1% reported in the literature using Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) for the WHARF dataset. From a practical point of view, the proposed model is simple and efficient. Therefore, it is expected to be suitable for implementation in hand-held devices such as smart phones with their limited memory and computational resources.
Novel Polyaniline Supported Cobalt Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Unsaturated Organic Compounds

The oxidation of organic compounds with carbon-carbon double bond with molecular oxygen under atmospheric pressure in the presence of new polyaniline supported catalyst 1 has been studied. This catalyst turned out to be efficient and selective for oxidation of some unsaturated organic compounds. Oxidation of alkenes, cycloalkenes and terpenes give corresponding epoxy derivatives, whereas organic compounds with carbon carbon double bond in benzylic position give ketones as a main product.
In vitro and in vivo interactions of organohalogens with the endocrine system : the role of metabolites and implications for human health

Organohalogen compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) belong to the group of persistent compounds, implying that they are slowly biodegradable and accumulate in the environment. A new group of possibly persistent compounds are the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). These PBDEs have recently been identified in the environment, and their toxicity is relatively unknown. PBDEs are used extensively as flame retardants in e.g. computers, tv-sets, or textile. In this thesis, the toxicity of PBDEs is described. In vitro experiments revealed that PBDEs are able to bind to transthyretin (TTR), a thyroid hormone transport protein, and can exert estrogenic activity. In vivo experiments with a model compound showed that these substances can have adverse effects on brain development and the estrous cycle in offspring of rats exposed in utero. The concentrations that gave rise to these effects in the rats are only one order of magnitude higher than the concentrations in which these compounds are currently present in human blood.
Hydrogen bond thermodynamic properties of water from dielectric constant data

We apply statistical mechanical principles to derive simple expressions relating the hydrogen bond thermodynamic properties to the static dielectric constant of water. The approach followed by us was to develop an expression for the Kirkwood’s structure factor (g) of water, taking into account the dipolar correlations between a central molecule and H-bonded neighbors present in infinite number of shells surrounding the central molecule. The number of H-bonded neighbors in a specific shell was related to the probability P for the various donor/acceptor sites of any given water molecule to be associated. Neglecting cooperativity effects, we evaluated P by focusing only on the correct counting of H-bonds formed between various association sites rather than on the oligomer distribution. The theory yielded an extremely simple expression for the structure factor (g) of the fluid at any given temperature in terms of the enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) changes associated with bond formation. The proposed theory was .
Adaptive Event Retrieval for Episodic Memory

In psychology, it is largely agreed that declarative memory includes two components: episodic and semantic memory. Episodic memory is a collection of an agent’s experienced events that have temporally and spatially related information associated with them. Semantic memory is a collection of facts and concepts that may not depend on a particular time and place. Being able to retrieve an episode given a new observation can help an agent reason about its current situation. Thus, ﬁnding the best match between the current state and an episode in memory is a necessary function of an episodic memory system. We present a novel approach, based on Ripple-Down Rules (RDR), for matching and retrieving events stored in episodic memory. We evaluate our approach on a set of unique simulated events that may be experienced by a domestic robot on a daily basis. Our results show that on average, with only two observations of a given event, the system can learn a set of matching rules to accurately recall events of that type at a later point in time.
The Second Sex: Influence on the Feminist Movement

Women have always struggled to gain their place in history. No records of women’s achievements existed before the 18 century. In the early 20 century, the economic, political and social standing of French women was not improving due to the ruling patriarchal mentality. Simone de Beauvoir’s book The Second Sex which was published in France during that era raised much criticism, especially from Bourdieu, for the extreme ideas the book carried regarding women’s rights. In the long run, the book acted as a catalyst to propel the second wave of the Feminist Movement and to break the patriarchal monopoly of the publishing industry, especially after being published it in the United States by Knopf. No doubt, the book accumulated cultural, economic, symbolic and academic capital which is made evident throughout the article. In addition, the book played an important role in shaping policies related to birth control and abortion.
ATAaAMENTUL aI TEORIA MINÞII ÎN PSIHOTERAPIA aI PSIHOPATOLOGIA SCHIZOFRENIEI

The text establishes the manner in which the knowledge portrayed by the Theory of Attachment (TA) and by the Theory of Mind (Tom) is conjugated in the understanding of normal and pathological psychological phenomena, as well as of those that are of interest to practical psychiatry. After a brief review of TA and ToM, we analyze the conjunction between these two phenomena inside the psychic process, which is commented on as “mentalization” and which plays an important role in psychotherapy and pedagogy. We have also noted the studies that offer importance in conjunction with the mentalization of ”intersubjectivity”, thus reactivating the neo-phenomenological preoccupations. Following, there is a comment on first-rank symptoms of Schizophrenia, in the description of Schneider (Sfrs). As well as on semiological aspects, there is also a comment on the correlation between this symptomatology and the disturbance of the “nuclear situational Self“. This level of the Self, which is distinct from the corporeal and the metarepresentational proto-self, represents a synthetic nucleus of the individual psychism. Following, there is an analysis of the manner in which Sfrs can become comprehensible when articulated with surveillance and influence phenomena. Phenomenology indicates normal and useful aspects of knowing the intimate reciprocal intimacy and inter-influence, at the opposite pole from knowledge and social influences. Thus, we are underlining the comprehensible aspects that are pointed out by current psychopathology, therefore opening the way towards resuming the study of endogenous psychoses.
Comparing Peer Editing and Think-Pair-Share Strategies to Teach Writing to Different Learning Styles Students

In Indonesia, students face more challenges in learning English as a foreign language, which means that the students face difficulties such as in mechanics, mastering grammar or vocabulary and also the topics. Every student has different learning style in writing skill. To help them solve their problems, the teacher can apply the strategy that make them easy to construct a text. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Peer Editing and Think-Pair-Share strategy to teach writing descriptive text to Visual and Read-Write learning styles students. The objectives of this study are : (1) to explain the effectiveness of Peer Editing strategy to teach writing descriptive text to Visual learning style students. (2) to explain the effectiveness of Peer Editing strategy to teach writing descriptive text to Read-Write learning style students. (3) to explain the effectiveness of Think-Pair-Share strategy to teach writing descriptive text to Visual learning style students. (4) to explain the effectiveness of Think-Pair-Share strategy to teach writing descriptive text to read-write learning style students. (5) to evaluate which one is more effective between Peer Editing and Think-Pair-Share strategy to teach writing descriptive text to Visual and Read-Write learning style students. This research used 2x2 factorial experimental design. The result reveals that Peer Editing strategy was more effective than Think-Pair-Share strategy. The suggestion about this study is that teacher should consider the implementation of Peer Editing or Think-Pair-Share strategies to improve writing descriptive text both for Visual and Read-Write learning styles. English teachers can use the result of this study as a feedback on teaching writing activities so that the aims and goals of writing can be achieved
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A Study of Inflammatory Response and Lung Injury Induced by Variable Tidal Volumes in Mechanically Ventilated Children

Background We aimed to compare the effects of high tidal volume (Vt) versus low Vt mechanical ventilation (MV) on systemic interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) cytokines production and induction of lung injury in mechanically ventilated children. Materials and Methods: Thisprospectiveobservational study was performed on 60 critically ill mechanically ventilated children from 2018 to 2019, at PICU of South Valley University and Minia University hospitals, Qena and Minia cities, Egypt. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we compared MV with high Vt of 9-11 ml (group I) versus low Vt of 5-7ml (group II) per kilogram of predicted body weight in critically ill children. Plasma levels of IL8 and TNF- α cytokines were estimated at the onset of MV and after 24 hours in both groups. Lung injury development was evidenced by change in oxygenation parameters. Results: Sixty patients on MV (30 with high Vt versus 30 with lower Vt) were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of interleukin-8 and TNF- α were increased in both groups 24 hours after initiation of MV, but this rise was significantly higher in high Vt group (p<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between tidal volume and oxygenation index (p-value <0.05, r=0.32), and with plasma IL-8 (r=0.34, p= 0.01), while negative correlation between tidal volume and change in PaO2/fiO2 ratio after 24 hours MV (r= -0.34, p <0.05). Conclusion Mechanical ventilation with high Vt was associated with increased IL-8, and TNF- α cytokines production, and will induce lung injury as evidenced by acute hypoxemia and deterioration in oxygenation parameters (PaO2/FiO2 ratio less than 300 mmHg).
MedCheX: An Efficient COVID-19 Detection Model for Clinical Usage

Due to the highly infectious and long incubation period of COVID-19, detecting COVID-19 efficiently and accurately is crucial since the epidemic outbreak. We proposed a new detection model based on U-Net++ and adopted dense blocks as the encoder. The model not only detects and classifies COVID-19 but also segment the lesion area precisely. We also designed a two-phase training strategy along with self-defined groups, especially the retrocardiac lesion to make model robust. We achieved 0.868 precision, 0.920 recall, and 0.893 F1-score on the COVID-19 open dataset. To contribute to this pandemic, we have set up a website with our model (https://medchex.tech/).
Dynamic multiscaling in #uid turbulence: an overview

We discuss the dynamic multiscaling of velocity structure functions in #uid turbulence and contrast it with the dynamic scaling of correlation functions in critical phenomena. We then outline our study of the dynamic multiscaling of velocity structure functions in the Gledzer– Ohkitani–Yamada shell model for #uid turbulence.