Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heralded generation of maximal entanglement in any dimension via incoherent coupling to thermal baths

We present a scheme for dissipatively generating maximal entanglement in a heralded manner. Our setup requires incoherent interactions with two thermal baths at different temperatures, but no source of work or control. A pair of(d+1)-dimensional quantum systems is first driven to an entangled steady state by the temperature gradient, and maximal entanglement in dimensiondcan then be heralded via local filters. We discuss experimental prospects considering an implementation in superconducting systems.
Nonlinear vorticity balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

[1] Using a recently published global ocean mean surface dynamic topography, based predominantly on drifter data, the near-surface vorticity balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is calculated. With a little smoothing, the dynamic topography is found to produce good estimates of even such highly differentiated quantities as the relative vorticity advection. Two clear modes of flow are found in the ACC: meanders of wavelength 300–500 km, in which the nonlinear term is important, resulting in a balance between advection of relative and planetary vorticity, as in a stationary equivalent-barotropic Rossby wave (this implies a surface divergence which is at least partly balanced by an opposite divergence at depth); and a flow with divergence associated with topographic features. It is tentatively concluded that the divergence of this latter flow is a scaled measure of bottom pressure torque. The inferred bottom pressure torque shows large-scale topographic interactions, as well as a strong influence of some sharp topographic features such as the fracture zones and Macquarie ridge system south of the Tasman Sea, and the narrow ridges in Drake Passage.
Sincronización de los Ciclos Económicos: El caso de Columbia, Ecuador y Venezuela (Synchronization of the Economic Cycles: The Case of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela)

This paper deals with the existence and identification of a common growth cycle between Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Evidence of synchronization between cycles of these countries through different non-parametric measures of conformity of the cycles and through a reference cycle is found. A Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressive model (MSVAR) is then used to identify the common cycle and the results confirm the existence of such a cycle. Finally, the common cycle is dated on the basis of smoothed probabilities and compared with a reference cycle.
From estimation of quantum probabilities to simulation of quantum circuits

Investigating the classical simulability of quantum circuits provides a promising avenue towards understanding the computational power of quantum systems. Whether a class of quantum circuits can be efficiently simulated with a probabilistic classical computer, or is provably hard to simulate, depends quite critically on the precise notion of ``classical simulation'' and in particular on the required accuracy. We argue that a notion of classical simulation, which we call EPSILON-simulation (or ϵ-simulation for short), captures the essence of possessing ``equivalent computational power'' as the quantum system it simulates: It is statistically impossible to distinguish an agent with access to an ϵ-simulator from one possessing the simulated quantum system. We relate ϵ-simulation to various alternative notions of simulation predominantly focusing on a simulator we call a poly-box. A poly-box outputs 1/poly precision additive estimates of Born probabilities and marginals. This notion of simulation has gained prominence through a number of recent simulability results. Accepting some plausible computational theoretic assumptions, we show that ϵ-simulation is strictly stronger than a poly-box by showing that IQP circuits and unconditioned magic-state injected Clifford circuits are both hard to ϵ-simulate and yet admit a poly-box. In contrast, we also show that these two notions are equivalent under an additional assumption on the sparsity of the output distribution (poly-sparsity).
Perspective Identification of Indian Musical Instrument Ghan and Sushir Vadya

A lot of work has been done globally in the area of Digital Signal Processing for the recognition and identification of speech and for the study of Musical Instruments. This study presents experimental results of Identification of two musical instruments viz. Ghan and Sushir Vadya using Linear Predictor Coefficient (LPC) features and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as the Classifiers. During the experiment, sound emanating from different Ghan and Sushir Vadya instruments has been recorded as solo notes and then its LPC feature study has been carried out. The process has been conceived and performed to find significant results of about 94.44% musical instrument sound identification from 370 sound exerts using LDA method.
Real-time Forecasting of On-Time Performance in Metrorail Systems

The Washington DC Metrorail system operates 1,126 railcars on six different routes over 117 miles of track to support over 500,000 passengers each day. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority relies on their On-Time Performance (OTP) metric to determine how well their system is running and identify delays in the system. This paper utilizes passenger tap-in/tap-out and train movement data to create a predictive model of OTP for current passengers in real time. These predictions can be used by WMATA to improve performance and communicate delays to passengers more effectively. Our approach goes beyond predicting OTP of current in-flight passengers and uses RNN predictions of the future network state to make OTP predictions for passengers who have not yet entered the network. These empirical applications can be powerful for agencies and planners to assess and improve transit service performance using big data analytics and real-time predictions.
The Evolution of Giving, Sharing, and Lotteries

A core feature of human societies is that people often transfer resources to others. Such transfers can be governed by several different mechanisms, such as gift giving, communal sharing, or lottery-type arrangements. We present a simple model of the circumstances under which each of these three forms of transfer would be expected to evolve through direct fitness benefits. We show that in general, individuals should favor transferring some of their resources to others when there is a fitness payoff to having social partners and/or where there are costs to keeping control of resources. Our model thus integrates models of cooperation through interdependence with tolerated theft models of sharing. We also show, by extending the HAWK-DOVE model of animal conflict, that communal sharing can be an adaptive strategy where returns to consumption are diminishing and lottery-type arrangements can be adaptive where returns to consumption are increasing. We relate these findings to the observed diversity in human resource-transfer processes and preferences and discuss limitations of the model.
Quantum-limited Euler angle measurements using anticoherent states

Many protocols require precise rotation measurement. Here we present a general class of states that surpass the shot-noise limit for measuring rotation around arbitrary axes. We then derive a quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound for simultaneously estimating all three parameters of a rotation (e.g., the Euler angles) and discuss states that achieve Heisenberg-limited sensitivities for all parameters; the bound is saturated by ``anticoherent'' states [Zimba, Electron. J. Theor. Phys. 3, 143 (2006)] (we are reluctant to use ``anticoherent'' to describe the states, but the name has become commonplace over the last decade). Anticoherent states have garnered much attention in recent years, and we elucidate a geometrical technique for finding new examples of such states. Finally, we discuss the potential for divergences in multiparameter estimation due to singularities in spherical coordinate systems. Our results are useful for a variety of quantum metrology and quantum communication applications.
ST ] 4 A ug 2 01 5 A quantum framework for likelihood ratios

The ability to calculate precise likelihood ratios is fundamental to many STEM areas, such as decision-making theory, biomedical science, and engineering. However, there is no assumption-free statistical methodology to achieve this. For instance, in the absence of data relating to covariate overlap, the widely used Bayes’ theorem either defaults to the marginal probability driven “naive Bayes’ classifier”, or requires the use of compensatory expectation-maximization techniques. Equally, the use of alternative statistical approaches, such as multivariate logistic regression, may be confounded by other axiomatic conditions, e.g., low levels of co-linearity. This article takes an information-theoretic approach in developing a new statistical formula for the calculation of likelihood ratios based on the principles of quantum entanglement. In doing so, it is argued that this quantum approach demonstrates: that the likelihood ratio is a real quality of statistical systems; that the naive Bayes’ classifier is a special case of a more general quantum mechanical expression; and that only a quantum mechanical approach can overcome the axiomatic limitations of classical statistics.
Probing entanglement in a many-body–localized system

A logarithmic signature Some one-dimensional disordered interacting quantum systems have been theoretically predicted to display a property termed many-body localization (MBL), where the system retains the memory of its initial state and fails to thermalize. However, proving experimentally that something does not occur is tricky. Instead, physicists have proposed monitoring the entanglement entropy of the system, which should grow logarithmically with evolution time in an MBL system. Lukin et al. observed this characteristic logarithmic trend in a disordered chain of interacting atoms of rubidium-87. This method should be generalizable to other experimental platforms and higher dimensions. Science, this issue p. 256 Nonlocal correlations in a disordered chain of interacting atoms of 87Rb provide a signature of many-body localization. An interacting quantum system that is subject to disorder may cease to thermalize owing to localization of its constituents, thereby marking the breakdown of thermodynamics. The key to understanding this phenomenon lies in the system’s entanglement, which is experimentally challenging to measure. We realize such a many-body–localized system in a disordered Bose-Hubbard chain and characterize its entanglement properties through particle fluctuations and correlations. We observe that the particles become localized, suppressing transport and preventing the thermalization of subsystems. Notably, we measure the development of nonlocal correlations, whose evolution is consistent with a logarithmic growth of entanglement entropy, the hallmark of many-body localization. Our work experimentally establishes many-body localization as a qualitatively distinct phenomenon from localization in noninteracting, disordered systems.
Virtual reality approach in treating acrophobia: simulating height in virtual environment

Acrophobia is a scientific term used to describe the fear of height. To some people, this fear is manageable, but to others, the fear could pose danger to their life if it starts to interfere with their day to day activities. The conventional treatment for acrophobia is usually done through exposure therapy, where individuals suffering acrophobia will be gradually exposed (physically) to height. The disadvantage of conventional treatment is that it could put the sufferers in life threatening situation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate whether it is possible to create the presence of height using a simple 3D virtual environment, which later could be used in exposure therapy for acrophobia. The system consists of a multimedia workstation, a Head Mounted Display (HMD) and a virtual scene of a busy city surrounded by tall buildings. The experiment consists of the users being gradually lifted up and down on an open elevator hanging outside one of the buildings. Set of questions being asked to each participant after the experiment, and the results shown that even with simple 3D virtual environment, the simulation of height could be achieved.
qu an tph ] 1 2 Ju n 20 18 No-hypersignaling principle

Michele Dall’Arno, ∗ Sarah Brandsen, † Alessandro Tosini, ‡ Francesco Buscemi, § and Vlatko Vedral 1, ¶ Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543, Singapore QUIT group, Physics Dept., Pavia University, and INFN Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan Atomic and Laser Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX13PU, United Kingdom
Reliability of Static and Dynamic Network Metrics in the Resting-State: A MEG-Beamformed Connectivity Analysis

The resting activity of the brain can be described by so-called intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), which consist of spatially and temporally distributed, but functionally connected, nodes. The coordinated activity of the resting state can be explored via magnetoencephalography (MEG) by studying frequency-dependent functional brain networks at the source level. Although many algorithms for the analysis of brain connectivity have been proposed, the reliability of network metrics derived from both static and dynamic functional connectivity is still unknown. This is a particular problem for studies of associations between ICN metrics and personality variables or other traits, and for studies of differences between patient and control groups, which both depend critically on the reliability of the metrics used. A detailed investigation of the reliability of metrics derived from resting-state MEG repeat scans is therefore a prerequisite for the development of connectomic biomarkers. Here, we first estimated both static (SFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) after beamforming source reconstruction using the imaginary part of the phase locking index (iPLV) and the correlation of the amplitude envelope (CorEnv). Using our approach, functional network microstates (FCμstates) were derived from the DFC and chronnectomics were computed from the evolution of FCμstates across experimental time. In both temporal scales, the reliability of network metrics (SFC), the FCμstates and the related chronnectomics were evaluated for every frequency band. Chronnectomic parameters and FCμstates were generally more reliable than node-wise static network metrics. CorEnv-based network metrics were more reproducible at the static approach. This analysis encourages the analysis of MEG resting-state via DFC.
Stigmatization and the Predictors of Reported Discrimination among HIV Positive Patients Receiving Care in Hospitals in Imo State, Nigeria

Background: HIV related Stigma and discrimination is a reflection of fear of the unknown, driven by ignorance and helplessness that results in negative attitude, beliefs and unfair treatment towards those living with HIV. Objective: To assess knowledge of stigmatization, prevalence of reported discrimination and the socio-demographic and care predictors of discrimination among HIV positive patients receiving care in Health Care Institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional analytical design using a simple random sampling technique to select 422 HIV positive patients attending the adult HIV clinics from two public health care institutions in Imo State. Data was collected using a pretested semi structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. Chi square statistics were computed to determine significant relationships and simple binary logistic regression was used to determine predictors of HIV related discrimination. The p-value was set at 0.05 significance level. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 37 ± 6.3 with a male to female ratio of 1:1.7. The overall level of knowledge of stigmatization and discrimination was poor in more than half of the respondents (55.2%). The prevalence of stigmatization and reported discrimination was 33.2% of which, close to two thirds of it occurred among the females (62.9%). The main source of discrimination was from family and relatives (45.0%) with close to half of the respondents having suicidal thoughts after experiencing discrimination (46.4%). The predictors of HIV related discrimination and stigmatization reported in this study were; being within the ages of 26-35 years, (OR 2.16), having at least one or more children (OR: 3.72), residing in their community of origin (2.00), residing in Orlu (OR: 3.77) or Okigwe (OR: 3.29) zones of Imo State, receiving advice to do the HIV test from a health personnel (OR: 2.52) and doing a HIV test and receiving a positive result from a private hospital (OR:2.22) or health centre OR: 2.11). Conclusion: Stigmatization and discrimination of people living with HIV/AIDS are created by individuals and communities influenced by socio-demographic and care factors which continues to perpetuate the transmission of HIV; and therefore, it remains an important issue of public health concern that must be addressed.
Proprioception and Balance as Predictors of Ankle Injuries Among NCAA Student Athletes

Ankle sprains are common in sports and account for nearly 15% of all sports-related injuries. Ankle injuries often result in functional instability of the ankle that makes these injuries susceptible to recurring. Extant research has noted that functional instability of the ankle does not result from mechanical hypermobility, but instead from a loss of neuromuscular control. Thus, it seems proprioception and balance could be a predictor of ankle sprain. Given the costs of ankle injuries for collegiate athletes (e.g., painful, potentially recurring, expensive to treat, result in loss of playing time, and may potentially impact a student athlete’s potential for a career as a professional athlete), this study sought to determine if various factors such as gender, sport played, history of balance problems, self-perception of ankle stability, and the result of a modified Romberg Test could predict ankle sprain among 128 NCAA Division II student athletes.
Global and local aspects of causality in quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics forces us to reconsider certain aspects of classical causal- ity. The 'central mystery' of quantum mechanics manifests in di erent ways, depending on the interpretation. This mystery can be formulated as the possibility of selecting part of the initial conditions of the Universe 'retroactively'. This talk aims to show that there is a global, timeless, 'bird's view' of the spacetime, which makes this mystery more rea- sonable. We will review some well-known quantum e ects from the perspective of global consistency.
Exact Solution for Conversion of Surface Waves to Space Waves by Periodical Impenetrable Metasurfaces

We show that there exists an exact solution for a lossless and reciprocal periodic surface impedance which ensures full conversion of a single-mode surface wave propagating along the impedance boundary to a single plane wave propagating along the desired direction in free space above the boundary. In contrast to known realizations of leaky-wave antennas, the optimal surface reactance modulation that is found here ensures the absence of evanescent higher order modes of the Floquet wave expansion of fields near the radiating surface. Thus, all the energy carried by the surface wave is used for launching the single inhomogeneous plane wave into space, without the accumulation of reactive energy in higher order modes. The results of the study are expected to be useful for the creation of leaky-wave antennas with the ultimate efficiency and, moreover, can potentially lead to novel applications, from microwaves to nanophotonics.
Identification of Suspicious Region in Secured Stegno-Mammograms with Two Dimensional Wavelets and Genetic Operators

The progress in multimedia and communication technology nowadays have offered new approaches to store, access and distribute medical data in a digital format. For this reason, by recognizing finest location on the mammogram to implant the patient's information without disturbing the quality of the image will be studied. A technique to automatically detect suspicious regions on stegno-mammograms based on identity asymmetries between left breast image and right breast image. The proposed system consists of two steps: First step is detection of the breast border and nipple on digital mammograms. To detect the breast border, an algorithm that computes the two dimensional wavelet is applied. Genetic algorithm is identifying the nipple position using genetic operators such as reproduction, crossover and mutation. Second, using the border and the nipple position of left and right mammograms; the images are correlated and subtracted to extract the suspicious regions. Before subtraction the mammogram images are normalized and pectoral muscle regions are removed. Breast border and nipple position is used to align right and left breast images to subtract. The algorithms are tested on 161 pairs of digitized mammograms from MIAS database and 125 pairs of mammograms obtained from various hospitals. The breast border and nipple position as references, bilateral subtraction technique applied both left and right mammogram can be made and obtained asymmetries extracted from back ground tissue. This investigation suggested a stenographic technique for mammograms, which conceal patients’ information in mammograms without altering their significant information’s. In particular, the proposed technique can extract the hidden information from stegno-mammograms without the aid of the original images. Keywordstegno-mammograms, privacy and security, two-dimensional wavelets, genetic operators, bilateral subtraction, asymmetries
Novel Phonoreceptive Mechanism of the Cochlear for Low-frequency Sound

Nobel Laureate von experimentally discovered travelling wave vibration of the basilar membrane (BM) in the cochlear, which first reveals the motion law of the crucial structure of human phonoreception mechanism. However, with the further development of research, many scientists have discovered that the travelling wave vibration unable to explain many experimental observations and the low-frequency hearing of the cochlear. Because the cochlear is very small and complex, vibration data of the whole BM are not yet available from existing experiments, and low-frequency vibration data are absent from von and other experiments. To address this question, this work technically adopts the transformation tensor mapping relation to establish a theoretical analytical model of the Spiral cochlear based on the theory of physics and biology, combined with medical and modern light source imaging experimental data. In addition, a numerical model of a real human ear is also established. By performing numerous calculations, the results reproduce the known travelling wave vibration of BM. Meanwhile, an exciting finding that revealing a new standing wave vibration mode at low frequencies is obtained. More importantly, this newly discovered model intrinsically explain many experimental observations that cannot be explained by travelling wave theory, which solves a long standing various queries to travelling wave vibration among researchers. These results not only complement low-frequency vibration data that are inaccessible through experiments but also reveal a new hearing mechanism.