Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault collapsing of multi-conditional faults

Numerous new multi-conditional fault models have been proposed in the last years. In combination with the increasing complexity of today's designs these new fault models cause a tremendous increases of the ATPG-runtime. In this paper we present a novel fault collapsing scheme for multi-conditional faults. The objective is to significantly reduce the fault set and hence reduce runtime for ATPG and fault diagnosis. The collapsing technique consists of three individual collapsing stages, which are individually discussed and evaluated. Additionally we provide an extensive set of experimental results including runtimes of a state-of-the-art ATPG-tool applied on a set of large industrial designs. We will demonstrate that the achieved reduction of up to 48% of the number of faults also reduces the ATPG runtime significantly.
Morphological Knowledge and Literacy Acquisition

The purpose of this special issue of the Journal of Learning Disabilities is to bring to the attention of researchers and educators studies on morphology and literacy that either involve students with learning difficulties or have educational implications for teaching such students. In our introduction, we first provide background information about morphological knowledge and consider the role of morphology in literacy, focusing on findings that are relevant for instruction of students who struggle with reading and writing. Next we present an overview of the studies included in this issue, organized by current issues concerning the role of morphological knowledge in literacy. Collectively, the articles in this issue suggest that students with weaker literacy skills tend to lag behind their peers in morphological knowledge but that all students are likely to benefit from morphological instruction. Morphological interventions hold promise, especially for students who face challenges in language learning and literacy, but additional research is needed to provide a basis for informed decisions about the design of effective morphological interventions.
The Incentive to Overinvest in Energy Efficiency: Evidence from Hourly Smart-Meter Data

Many households pay a marginal price for electricity that exceeds the marginal social cost of supplying that electricity. We show evidence that such pricing schemes can create an incentive to overinvest in energy efficiency. Using hourly smart-meter data for households facing time-invariant increasing block prices, we estimate how air conditioner upgrades affect electricity use. We find that the average participating household reduces consumption by 5%, which provides private savings in the form of lower electricity bills and social cost savings by decreasing generation and pollution costs. The private savings exceed the social savings by an average of 140%, so the average household is faced with an incentive to overinvest in energy efficiency. This incentive to overinvest in energy efficiency would be cut in half if consumers faced any one of three alternative pricing plans with lower marginal price but the same average price.
UNIFIED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICE OF TRADE PARTNERS WITH INDIA: TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BEST PRACTICES

This paper investigates the uniformity of corporate governance practices towards international code of best practices. The top 5 trading partner countries with India and export network worldwide have been selected, then from each country, 5 companies are selected which are leading in merchandise export. This study is based on secondary data sourced from published annual reports of the listed companies for the financial year from 2015 to 2017. The study employs descriptive statistics and ANOVA to evaluate the uniformity of corporate governance practices namely; some board characteristics, board committees, listing abroad, international segment or branch, and international governance indicators. It has found that there is statistical significance at the level of 5% that companies follow uniform corporate governance practices relating to board characteristics, board committees, listing abroad, having international segment, and international governance indicators except for executive members, risk management committee, corporate governance and grievance committee, total assets and sales of the company. It is recommended that countries and international bodies should encourage companies toward uniformity of corporate governance. Keywords : Corporate Government Practice, Trade Partners, Best Practice JEL Classification: M00
Functional and Linguistic Bridging in Multinational Corporations: Moderating Effect of Cultural Identity Integration

In this study, we explore the role of functional and linguistic bridging in multinational corporations (MNCs) using a sample of 200 Japanese employees working in Japanese overseas subsidiaries. We draw on the social network theory and Job Demands- Resources (JD-R) model to advocate the idea that bridging roles (functional and linguistic bridging) influence team-member exchange (TMX) and emotional exhaustion positively via the mediating role of occupational social capital and role conflict. We found that employees who possess low cultural identity integration were more versatile in moderating between a bridging role, team member relationships, and emotional outcomes. Our findings make a theoretical contribution in exploring bridging roles from both the positive and negative sides of international business. We suggest that although bridge individuals can lead to positive team member relationships, they can also signal emotional burnout stemming from role conflict. We also offer suggestions on how to recognize cultural identity integration as a resource in elaborating on bridging roles and mitigating negative emotional outcomes.
Multi-objective dispatch strategy of hybrid power generation in normal mode with application to MHS energy management system

This paper proposes a multi-objective dispatch strategy, combining economic optimal operation and environment optimal operation, of hybrid power generation. We use power generation of Mae Hong Son (MHS), which is a remote mountain area of Thailand connected to 115 kV and 22 kV transmission line as a study model. The power system consists of one existing photovoltaic power plant (PV), two mini-hydro power plants, one diesel power plant. In this study, there are two new additional PV systems in the power generation. We formulate the economic optimal operation with energy cost and peak demand charge and investigate CO2 emission analysis of environmental dispatch. The multi-objective dispatch design in normal mode can be cast as a linear program. The simulation results show the optimal operation of each component for rainy and dry seasons. It can subsequently use to determine the size of battery and renewable to maintain the power system in other mode such as standalone mode in the future work.
Latin American multinationals facing the ‘new reality’

The 1990s were marked by the transformation of Latin American economies through market liberalization, privatization of the public sector and tax reforms. Foreign direct investment grew from US$18 billion at the beginning of the 1990s to US$108 billion in 1999. In 2011, the region attracted US$153 billion, which represents 10 per cent of total global direct foreign investment (ECLAC, 2012). In 1998, Europe became for the first time the biggest investor in Latin America and maintains its leadership today. Nevertheless, if we consider each country individually, the United States continues to hold top position with 18 per cent of the total investments in the region. Increasingly, China’s economic power is being felt in the region. China has become the most important trading partner of Brazil,1 Chile2 and Peru3 and trade between the Middle Kingdom and Latin America and the Caribbean reached US$180 billion in 2010 (ECLAC, 2011). Asia receives 16 per cent of Latin American exports. The InterAmerican Development Bank (IADB, 2010) estimates that approximately 90 per cent of Latin American exports to Asia originate in the southern region of the continent: 41 per cent come from Brazil, 23.1 per cent from Chile, 15.9 per cent from Argentina and 9.3 per cent from Peru. China wants access to the raw materials and natural resources of the region, which are abundant but unevenly distributed. While Brazil
Modélisation théorique et numérique de la localisation de la déformation dans les géomatériaux

Une etude theorique et numerique de la localisation de la deformation en bandes de cisaillement dans les geomateriaux est presentee. L'etude est realisee en deux volets : ? le premier volet concerne le phenomene de la localisation au moment de son declenchement en utilisant le modele cloe. Un critere de controlabilite en deformation plane a ete etabli pour le modele cloe. Une etude de sensibilite parametrique du critere de bifurcation de cloe roche a ete menee sur la marne de beaucaire. Une etude numerique de modelisation en grandes deformations de l'excavation d'un puits fore dans une couche des marnes raides (marne a hydrobies) a ete menee avec la loi cloe avec l'identification des parametres de cloe pour cette marne sur des essais elementaires de laboratoire. Le critere de bifurcation a permis de montrer que la localisation se declenchait en paroi, symetriquement ou non suivant l'isotropie du champ lointain, et plus tot dans le cas anisotrope. le second volet concerne le suivi de la localisation. Une etude theorique des milieux continus de second gradient unidimensionnels est realisee. La resolution analytique des equations constitutives, associees a un modele unidimensionnel developpe, est presentee dans le cadre des petites deformations. Une analyse numerique des equations d'equilibre a permis la determination d'une matrice de rigidite consistante ainsi que l'expression des forces hors equilibre. Un code elements finis unidimensionnel avec des elements finis conformes a ete developpe et valide. L'introduction du second gradient parait non satisfaisante pour assurer l'unicite des solutions. Un resultat important est l'independance du resultat vis a vis du maillage. Une etude theorique et une analyse numerique semblable a celle du cas monodimensionnel est ensuite realisee pour les milieux continus de second gradient bidimensionnels dans le cadre des grandes deformations.
Role of Combination Antimicrobial Therapy for Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococcus faecium Infections: Review of the Current Evidence

Enterococcus species are the second most common cause of nosocomial infections in the United States and are particularly concerning in critically ill patients with preexisting comorbid conditions. Rising resistance to antimicrobials that were historically used as front‐line agents for treatment of enterococcal infections, such as ampicillin, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides, further complicates the treatment of these infections. Of particular concern are Enterococcus faecium strains that are associated with the highest rate of vancomycin resistance. The introduction of antimicrobial agents with specific activity against vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE) faecium including daptomycin, linezolid, quinupristin‐dalfopristin, and tigecycline did not completely resolve this clinical dilemma. In this review, the mechanisms of action and resistance to currently available anti‐VRE antimicrobial agents including newer agents such as oritavancin and dalbavancin will be presented. In addition, novel combination therapies including β‐lactams and fosfomycin, and the promising results from in vitro, animal studies, and clinical experience in the treatment of VRE faecium will be discussed.
Detection of pseudorabies virus by duplex droplet digital PCR assay

Aujeszky’s disease, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), has damaged the economy of the Chinese swine industry. A large number of PRV gene-deleted vaccines have been constructed based on deletion of the glycoprotein E (gE) gene combined with other virulence-related gene deletions, such as thymidine kinase (TK), whereas PRV wild-type strains contain an intact gE gene. We developed a sensitive duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to rapidly detect PRV wild-type isolates and gE gene–deleted viral vaccines. We compared this assay with a TaqMan real-time PCR (qPCR) using the same primers and probes. Both assays exhibited good linearity and repeatability; however, ddPCR maintained linearity at extremely low concentrations, whereas qPCR did not. Based on positive results for both gE and gB, the detection limit of ddPCR was found to be 4.75 copies/µL in contrast of 76 copies/µL for qPCR, showing that ddPCR provided a 16-fold improvement in sensitivity. In addition, no nonspecific amplification was shown in specificity testing, and the PRV wild-type was distinguished from a gE-deleted strain. The ddPCR was more sensitive when analyzing clinical serum samples. Thus, ddPCR may become an appropriate detection platform for PRV.
Correlation Networks and Hot Spot Detection of Dengue Morbidity in Cebu City, Philippines

Dengue is considered to be the fastest re-emerging disease in the world. Currently, it is one of the most prevalent diseases in the Central Visayas Region, Philippines particularly in Cebu City. Each year, large number of dengue outbreaks continues to occur causing tremendous burden not only to health but to the economy as well. Thus, to address the increasing concern about the threat posed by Dengue Incidence, a clearer picture of epidemiology and important risk factors is needed. In this study, the weekly data on Dengue morbidity for each barangay in Cebu City from year 2011- 2015 were obtained from the Department of Health (DOH) region 7. A network is created per week based on the number of incidence occurring in each barangay. A hotspot or hub is then produced after running the network analysis for five (5) years. Results showed that there is a statistically significant cluster present in Cebu City and that its geographical distribution has expanded over the years. This finding provides data to inform program planning for possible Dengue Incidence control in the locality.
DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF AN ON-THE-GO SOIL STRENGTH PROFILE SENSOR

Soil strength has traditionally been determined using the cone penetrometer, an instrument that provides highly variable discrete point measurements, making it difficult to detect statistically significant differences in the soil strength profile among treatments or locations. Generally, this problem has been addressed by obtaining a large number of measurements, a process that is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Our objective was to develop a soil strength profile sensor (SSPS) that could take measurements continuously and more efficiently while traveling across the field. The on-the-go SSPS was designed and fabricated using an array of load cells, each of which was interfaced with a soil-cutting tip. These multiple prismatic tips were extended forward from the leading edge of a vertical blade and spaced apart to minimize interference from the main blade and adjacent sensing tips. Prismatic soil strength index (PSSI, MPa) was defined as the force divided by the base area of the sensing tip. The sensing tip had a 60° cutting or apex angle and a base area of 361 mm2. The design maximum operating depth was 0.5 m, and the upper limit and resolution of soil strength were 19.4 and 0.14 MPa, respectively. Field tests determined that the optimum extension and spacing of the cutting tips were 5.1 and 10 cm, respectively. A significant (. = 0.01) linear relationship between PSSI and penetrometer cone index (CI), with a slope of approximately 0.6, was found for field data collected at a 30 cm depth. The ability to develop such relationships comparing penetrometer and SSPS data will allow SSPS data to be interpreted with respect to the available body of penetrometer literature.
Is There a Relationship Between the Concentration of Same-Sex Couples and Tobacco Retailer Density?

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is markedly higher among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations than heterosexuals. Higher density of tobacco retailers is found in neighborhoods with lower income and more racial/ethnic minorities. Same-sex couples tend to live in similar neighborhoods, but the association of this demographic with tobacco retailer density has not been examined. METHODS For a national sample of 97 US counties, we calculated the number of tobacco retailers per 1000 persons and rates of same-sex couples per 1000 households in each census tract (n = 17 941). Using spatial regression, we examined the association of these variables in sex-stratified models, including neighborhood demographics and other environmental characteristics to examine confounding. RESULTS Results from spatial regression show that higher rates of both female and male same-sex couples were associated with a higher density of tobacco retailers. However the magnitude of this association was small. For female couples, the association was not significant after controlling for area-level characteristics, such as percent black, percent Hispanic, median household income, the presence of interstate highways, and urbanicity, which are neighborhood correlates of higher tobacco retailer density. For male couples, the association persisted after control for these characteristics. CONCLUSION Same-sex couples reside in areas with higher tobacco retailer density, and for men, this association was not explained by neighborhood confounders, such as racial/ethnic composition and income. While lesbian, gay, and bisexual disparities in tobacco use may be influenced by neighborhood environment, the magnitude of the association suggests other explanations of these disparities remain important areas of research.
Model Based Studies of the Split D Differential Eddy Current Probe (Preprint)

Abstract : This paper presents preliminary modeling work of split D differential probes, in both regular differential and reflection modes. This work is a prelude for a more in-depth model validation study using split D type probes. A modeling comparison is made for both air and ferrite cores. Lastly, numerical and experimental results are compared.
Blood Chemistries and Body Condition of Steller Sea Lion Pups at Marmot Island, Alaska

Abstract : This work is part of a large project focused on assessing the blood chemistry and body condition of pinnipeds in and around Alaskan waters. We have utilized a series of blood indices that reflect hydration state, blood oxygen transport, and protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In addition to total mass, animals are also examined for blubber thickness at several locations around the body These parameters are useful for detecting significant changes in health status that might alter water balance, cause anemia, or compromise basic metabolic status. The Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) is of particular interest because its population has declined over the last 20 years to such an extent that the species has been designated as threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act (Federal Register, November 26, 1990). The cause(s) of the decline are unknown but may be linked to redistribution, disease, environmental perturbations (which may influence the quality or quantity of prey), the synergistic effects of fisheries, or other unknown causes (Braham et al. 1980, Merrick et al. 1987, Loughlin and Merrick 1989, Loughlin et al. 1992). Calkins and Goodwin (1988) suggested that adult female Steller sea lions in the Gulf of Alaska during 1985-1986 were anemic and smaller in body size than animals sampled ten years earlier, possibly as a result of food limitations. Also, Castellini and Calkins (1993) have shown the latter group was more lean than the animals studied in the 1970s. The best population models currently suggest that the decline in sea lion numbers results from a reduction in survival of juveniles or breeding females, or both (York, personal communication).
Lactoferrin and Eosinophilic Cationic Protein in Nasal Secretions of Patients with Experimental Rhinovirus Colds, Natural Colds, and Presumed Acute Community-Acquired Bacterial Sinusitis

ABSTRACT To distinguish sinusitis from uncomplicated “colds,” we examined lactoferrin and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in nasal secretions. Lactoferrin titers were ≥1:400 in 4% of persons with uncomplicated colds and controls but in 79% of persons with sinusitis or purulent sputa. ECP levels were >200 ng/ml in 61% of persons with colds and >3,000 ng/ml in 62% of persons with sinusitis. Nasal lactoferrin helps distinguish sinusitis from colds.
A Note on Mathematical Modelling of Elliptical Fire Propagation

Mathematical modelling of forest fire propagation in time plays a key role in existing fire propagation predicting systems. Such systems are capable of simulating the growth of fire front in time and space and predicting spatial and temporal fire behaviour. In our previous papers, we studied mathematical foundations of the elliptical fire propagation model implemented in several advanced simulation systems. The model is based on Huygens' principle applied on fire propagation assuming locally elliptical fire spread. However, in the literature various other mathematical representations of local fire propagation have been reported, such as double ellipse, lemniskata, oval shape, tear shape, and others. Such types of local fire propagation have been experimentally observed in certain conditions during laboratory and field fires. In this paper, we demonstrate several simple examples of fire propagation corresponding both to the elliptical and non-elliptical local fire propagation in homogeneous conditions.
Tourism Management in the Caribbean

hAiti is A post-coLoniAL, post-conFLict AnD post-DisAsteR DestinAtion.1 For many post-colonial, post-conflict and post-disaster destinations (PCCD destinations) like Haiti, tourism is considered a tool for economic development and social improvement.2 Due to its negative image, rooted in on-going political, economic and social problems,3 and also because the Caribbean is a dynamic and competitive area where islands are “vested in the branding and marketing of paradise”,4 it is important for Haiti to make the right choice if it is to reclaim its title of ‘Pearl of the Caribbean’. In response to the question of what form of tourism is most suitable for a PCCD destination like Haiti, the answer is seldom enclave tourism. In fact, enclave tourism is often seen as very limiting, stifling the potential for positive economic and social impacts from tourism.5 ere is an emphasis in the ‘enclave’ literature on developing countries.6 Here, enclaves – in the form of all-inclusive resorts or the ‘floating enclaves’ of cruise tourism – are viewed as both a symptom and cause of a lack of well-rounded economic development. Typically, anthropologist Jane Mbaiwa sees enclave tourism as a form of tourism that is developing largely in developing countries with very limited multiplier effects on local development, thereby reinforcing socio-economic disparities.7 Mbaiwa also explains that this form of tourism prevents interactions between locals and visitors, limiting the potential for progressive cultural exchanges, and even fostering the potential for hostility.8 Yet, there may be few alternatives for tourism development in developing countries.9 In the case of Haiti, the combined legacies of colonialism, conflict, and disaster severely inhibit the potential for non-enclave tourism. Regardless of