Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface-enhanced second-harmonic generation at a metallic grating

The theory of surface-enhanced second-harmonic generation at a metallic grating is developed. Using the form of the nonlinear source polarization given by Bloembergen et al. [Phys. Rev. 174, 813 (1968)], we solve Maxwell's equations to obtain the fields at the second-harmonic frequency. The calculations are done up to second order in the surface-roughness parameter. These perturbation expressions are used to evaluate numerically the second-harmonic intensity, in various directions, produced by a plane wave incident on a metallic grating. The resonant enhancement in the second-harmonic intensity due to surface-plasmon excitation at fundamental frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is discussed and the results compared with some recent experimental observations. The second-harmonic fields are also shown to get enhancement due to excitation of surface plasmons at $2\ensuremath{\omega}$; these, however, correspond to local-field enhancements at $2\ensuremath{\omega}$ and are evanescent in nature.
A prevalence study of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the apolipoprotein E gene in different ethnic groups in Malaysia

Background and Objective: The promoter of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is polymorphic at positions -491A/T, -427C/T and -219G/T. These single nucleotide polymorphisms may alter transcriptional activity and impact APOE expression due to differential binding of transcription factors. It has been suggested that the -491 A, -427 C and -219 T alleles are associated with a high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. This study aims to investigate the frequencies of APOE promoter polymorphisms in three major ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese and Indian) in Malaysia. Method: DNA was extracted from blood obtained from 290 healthy people (Malay: n= 92; Chinese: n= 105; and Indian: n= 93), and the promoter region was amplifi ed using PCR and genotyped by direct sequencing. Result: The Indian group has the lowest frequencies of - 491 A, - 427 C and - 219 T alleles (83.9%, 3.2% and 56.5%, respectively) compared to the Chinese group with the highest frequencies (97.1%, 11.9% and 67.1%, respectively). The frequencies in the Malay group were somewhere in between (94.6%, 8.2% and 61.4%, respectively). Moreover, for the - 491 and - 427 positions, the frequencies of possible genotypes viz., AA or AT or TT and CC or CT or TT, respectively, were statistically signifi cant (P < 0.05, Chi- Square Test) between the 3 ethnic groups. Conclusion: Based on the frequency of APOE promoter polymorphisms alone, the ethnic Indian may be predisposed to lower risks for AD than the Chinese or Malay.
九州大学学術情報リポジトリKyushu University Institutional Repository Silphid Fauna of Chejudo Island,

A walk on an edge-colored graph G is a path in G which contains each edge at least once, and the trace of a walk w is the sequence of edge-colors seen in w. We investigate the walk realizability problem, which is to decide, given an edge-colored graph G and a string x of colors, if there is a walk on G with trace x. We de ne a method of decomposing graphs into linear chains, and show that the number of the linear chains in the decomposition is a key to the complexity of the walk realizability problem. The problem is shown to be in NLOG for the following classes of graphs: (i) undirected graphs decomposable into a constant number of linear chains, (ii) trees decomposable into O(logm) linear chains, where m is the number of edges, (iii) directed graphs decomposable into O(logm) linear chains. However, the problem for trees, some of which are decomposable into (m) linear chains, turns to be NP-complete even for (1,1)-caterpillars which are trees of a very simple form.
– 2 – Power over Prosecutors Corrupts Politicians : Cross Country Evidence Using a New Set of Indicators 1

It is hypothesized that prosecution agencies that are dependent on the executive have less incentives to prosecute crimes committed by government members which, in turn, increases their incentives to commit such crimes. Here, this hypothesis is put to an empirical test focusing on a particular kind of crime, namely corruption. In order to test it, it was necessary to create an indicator measuring de jure as well as de facto independence of the prosecution agencies. The regressions show that de facto independence of prosecution agencies robustly reduces corruption of officials. JEL classification: H11, K40, K42
INS/GPS Fusion for Navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This paper presents fusion of inertial navigation system (INS) and global positioning system (GPS) for estimating position, velocities, attitude and heading of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A 15 state extended Kalman filter (EKF) and a split architecture consisting of 6 state non-linear complementary filter (NCF) and 9 state EKF are investigated in detail. In both these fusion architectures GPS and IMU consisting of 3 axis accelerometers, 3 axis rate gyros and 3 axis magnetometer have been fused in open loop fashion (loosely coupled) to estimate the navigation states. These architectures have been implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and evaluated in closed loop guidance of MAV with Software-In-Loop-Simulation (SILS) setup. Furthermore, the 15-state EKF algorithm is validated with flight test data obtained from onboard data logger using an off-the shelf autopilot board (Ardupilot Mega APM-2.5) for UAV.
Characteristics of Ozone Production by Using Atmospheric Surface Glow Barrier Discharge

Ozone is a strong oxidizer that can kill bacteria and other micro-organisms very effectively. In the recent years, ozone has become very important for sterilization of water used in shrimp farming and treatment of wastewater from food industry. However, ozonisers available in the markets are very expensive and have low energy-efficiency. In this work, a highly-efficient and low-cost system that can produce high-concentrations of ozone gas and dissolved ozone in water has been developed. The system consists of a dried air unit, high-voltage rf power supply, ozoniser tubes and venturi injector. The tubes are designed and configured to convert oxygen gas to ozone gas by atmospheric surface glow barrier discharge.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Ore-Forming Porphyries in the Lailisigao’er-Lamasu Region of the Western Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, NW China: Implications for Petrogenesis, Metallogenesis, and Tectonic Setting

Porphyry-type Cu (Mo, Zn) deposits have been discovered along the late Paleozoic Kokirqin arc in the western Tianshan Mountains of China, part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The deposits include the Lailisigao’er Mo-Cu deposit, the 3571 Cu deposit, and the Lamasu Cu-Zn deposit. The ore-forming porphyries from these three deposits are predominantly intermediate-felsic and belong to calc-alkaline and transitional series. Laser ablation–ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating on ore-forming porphyries from the Lailisigao’er and 3571 deposits yields ages of Ma and Ma, respectively. The trace element compositions of these porphyries from these three deposits are similar to those formed in a continental arc setting and are characterized by enrichment of large ion lithophile elements and depletion of high field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements ) coupled with slightly negative Eu anomalies. These rocks also show high (87Sr/86Sr)t (0.70722–0.71028) and low ϵNd(t) values (−3.71 to +0.17), coupled with depletion of Ba relative to Th and elevated Th/Ce, Nb/Y, and Th/Yb ratios, suggesting that the porphyry magma originated from a partial melting of subducted sediments, mixed with minor melts produced by partial melting of mantle wedge components and involvement also of lower continental crust during emplacement. These three deposits belong to the first metallogenic group in the Chinese Tianshan, which formed from the Middle Devonian to the early Carboniferous in a continental arc environment related to a subducted oceanic slab; this group is distinguishable from a second group that formed in the Permian during a late collisional stage, in which regional collisional compression changed to extension.
Job Insecurity and Well-being in Rich Democracies 1 Geary Lecture 2018

Precarious work (i.e., work that is insecure and uncertain, often low-paying, and in which the risks of work are shifted from employers and the government to workers) has emerged as a serious concern for individuals and families and underlies many of the insecurities that have fuelled recent populist political movements. The impacts of precarious work differ among countries depending on their labour market and welfare system institutions, laws and policies, and cultural factors. This article examines how people in six advanced industrial countries representing different welfare and employment regimes – Denmark, Germany, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States – differ both in their experience of precarious work and in outcomes of precarious work such as job and economic insecurity, entry into the labour force, and subjective well-being. It also suggests a new social and political contract needed to address precarious work and its consequences.
Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies: Effects of Information Technology on Market Structure

This paper analyzes the fundamental changes in market structures that may result from the increasing use of information teChnology. First, an analytic framework is presented and its usefulness is demonstrated in explaining several major historical changes in American business structures. Then, the framework is used to help explain how electronic markets and electronic hierarchies will allow closer integration of adjacent steps in the value-added chains of our economy. The most surprising prediction is that information technology will lead to an overall shift toward proportionately more coordination by markets rather than by internal decisions within firms. Finally, several examples of companies where these changes are already occurring are used to illustrate the likely paths by which new market structures will evolve and the ways in which individual companies can take advantage of these changes. Analytic Framework Economies have lwo basic mechanisms for coordinating the flow of materials or services through adjacent steps in the value-added chain: markets and hierarchies. Markers coordinate the flow through supply and demand forces and transactions between different individuals and firms. In markets, buyers choose among many potential sellers. Hierarchies coordinate the flow through managerial decisions rather than market forces. In these hierarchical relationships (which sometimes include legally separate firms in a sold-supplier relationship) the buyer has only one supplier. We can analyze the relative advantages of markets and hierarchies in terms of tradeoffs between production costs and coordination costs. In general, since markets allow production resources to be shared among more buyers, they have lower production costs than hierarchies. But markets also require buyers to gather more information about potential suppliers and they are more susceptible to costs that arise from dealing with "opportunistic" trading partners. Therefore, in general, markets have higher coordination This paper is forthcoming in Communications of the ACM.
Rapid detection of Salmonella in food by redox-potential measurement based method combined with real-time PCR

The classical ISO (2002) standard as reference method and the combination of redox potential measurement with real-time PCR technique were applied to detect Salmonella in milk, egg, broiler meat, and artificially contaminated egg samples. Food samples of 25 g were homogenized in 225 ml of RVS broth to prepare the basic suspension of the comparative tests. In the combined method the redox potential measurement technique serves as the selective enrichment system of the real-time PCR equipment. The reliable screening of Salmonella-free, negative samples by the redox potential measurement technique needed only 24 h. These negative samples determined by the PCR and the classical standard method in all cases proved to be negative as well. In case of positive redox result the Salmonella from the enriched suspension of the redox test-cell was identified by real-time PCR in 3 hours, instead of the conventional biochemical identification. Comparing our protocol to the ISO (2002) standard method, the total detection time of Salmonella presence/absence was less than 24 h contrary to the 114 h of the conventional method.
Optimisation of a Mid-Range Wireless Mesh Network for VoIP in Rural Southern Africa

This paper presents the business context and results of an optimisation exercise for a single-radio mid-range multi-hop wireless mesh network for the provision of VoIP services. This WiFi mesh network physically covers 30 square kilometres in rural South Africa with a dozen solar-powered nodes. The firmware multiplexes the single radios in adhoc and infrastructure modes, essentially providing a distributed hotspot that can be used for WiFi-based Asterisk attachment in addition to POTS handsets via an ATA adapter in a node. We argue that this architecture is comparable yet cheaper and easier to install and maintain than multi-radio systems with directive antennas. Measurement of a range of values revealed a SlotTime setting that maximises throughput by 115%. We leverage this finding to argue a business case for a ground up community-based mesh network like this one; to provide a win-win situation for local residents and operators with free internal calls backed up by revenues from low cost voice breakout, Internet services and solar-based mobile phone charging. Our novel approach offers an accessible and affordable business model based on increased traffic volume from residents in a rural area that have mobile connectivity yet cannot afford to use it. The optimised architecture described herein offers an attractive and complementary alternative. Index Terms Limited Range Communications, Ad-hoc, Wi-Fi, 802.11.
Rotational and High-resolution Infrared Spectrum of HC3N: Global Ro-vibrational Analysis and Improved Line Catalog for Astrophysical Observations

HC3N is a ubiquitous molecule in interstellar environments, from external galaxies to Galactic interstellar clouds, star-forming regions, and planetary atmospheres. Observations of its rotational and vibrational transitions provide important information on the physical and chemical structures of the above environments. We present the most complete global analysis of the spectroscopic data of HC3N. We recorded the high-resolution infrared spectrum from 450 to 1350 cm−1, a region dominated by the intense and fundamental bands, located at 660 and 500 cm−1, respectively, and their associated hot bands. Pure rotational transitions in the ground and vibrationally excited states were recorded in the millimeter and submillimeter regions in order to extend the frequency range so far considered in previous investigations. All of the transitions from the literature and from this work involving energy levels lower than 1000 cm−1 were fitted together to an effective Hamiltonian. Because of the presence of various anharmonic resonances, the Hamiltonian includes a number of interaction constants, in addition to the conventional rotational and vibrational l-type resonance terms. The data set contains about 3400 ro-vibrational lines of 13 bands and some 1500 pure rotational lines belonging to 12 vibrational states. More than 120 spectroscopic constants were determined directly from the fit, without any assumption deduced from theoretical calculations or comparisons with similar molecules. An extensive list of highly accurate rest frequencies was produced to assist astronomical searches and data interpretation. These improved data enabled a refined analysis of the ALMA observations toward Sgr B2(N2).
Metallurgy Beyond Iron

Abstract Metallurgy is one of the oldest sciences. Its history can be traced back to 6000 BCE with the discovery of Gold, and each new discovery — Copper, Silver, Lead, Tin, Iron and Mercury — marked the beginning of a new era of civilization. Currently there are 86 known metals, but until the end of the 17th century, only 12 of these were known. Steel (Fe–C alloy) was discovered in the 11th century BCE; however, it took until 1709 CE before we mastered the smelting of pig-iron by using coke instead of charcoal and started the industrial revolution. The metallurgy of nowadays is mainly about discovering better materials with superior properties to fulfil the increasing demand of the global market. Promising are the Glassy Metals or Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs) — discovered at first in the late 50s at the California Institute of Technology — which are several times stronger than the best industrial steels and 10-times springier. The unusual structure that lacks crystalline grains makes BMGs so promising. They have a liquid-like structure that means they melt at lower temperatures, can be moulded nearly as easily as plastics, and can be shaped into features just 10 nm across. The best BMG formers are based on Zr, Pd, Pt, Ca, Au and, recently discovered, also Fe. They have typically three to five components with large atomic size mismatch and a composition close to a deep eutectic. Packing in such liquids is very dense, with a low content of free volume, resulting in viscosities that are several orders of magnitude higher than in pure metal melts.
Award Number: DAMD17-02-1-0473 TITLE: Benign Breast Disease: Toward Molecular Prediction of Breast Cancer Risk

s: COX-2 expression in atypia: correlation with breast cancer risk Assessment of the Gail model in a cohort of women with atypical hyperplasia The impact of lobular involution on breast cancer risk Analysis of cancer risk in women with radial scars of the breast Epidemiologic comparison of disease incidence among populations: the personyears approach
MAPPING PROPERTIES OF FATOU COMPONENTS

If f(z) is meromorphic in C and N1 and N2 are components of the Fatou set of f(z) such that f(z): N1 → N2, it is shown that D = N2 \ f(N1) is a set which contains at most two points. If f(z) is entire then D contains at most one point. Examples show that these results are sharp and also that the points of D are in general neither Picard exceptional nor Nevanlinna deficient.
Duration of Last Interglacial Conditions in Northwestern Greece

Abstract A new astronomical calibration method for long pollen records from southern Europe is applied to the last interglacial interval of the Ioannina sequence, northwestern Greece. This shows that the last interglacial in this region, as defined by the presence of forest communities, lasted ca. 15,500 yr, from 127,300 to 111,800 yr B.P. Interglacial conditions developed within marine isotope substage (MIS) 5e and persisted into MIS 5d, lagging changes in global ice volume.
Mechanical Design for a Humanoid Robot

This paper describes the design of an autonomous humanoid robot. The robot itself is currently under construction, however the process of designing the robot has revealed much about the considerations for creating a robot with humanoid shape. The mechanical design is a complete CAD solids model, with specific motors and transmission systems selected. The electronic design of a distributed control system is also complete, along with the electronics for power and sensor processing. A high fidelity graphical simulator has been developed, providing important early feedback on critical design decisions.
Golden reputation wanted for a gold producer . The case of the Rosia Montana Gold Corporation

Inappropriate stakeholder communication often generates risks or even dangers to the organizations which are not aware of the importance of a proper flow of information to/from its publics. “Rosia Montana Gold Corporation”, a Canada-based company specialized in gold extraction, has initiated since 1996 a project to extract gold from the perimeter Rosia Montana (Western Carpathians, county of Alba, Romania). Although the technical documentation has been submitted back in 2004 to the authorities to be endorsed and approved, the approval is still pending due to a great amount of negative public perceptions often turned to hostile behaviors. In order to diminish this hostility, the company has started a huge communication campaign founded on factuality in its attempt to extract gold in Romania. However, the results are still unsatisfactory, even if the amount of negative perceptions has been lowered in a certain measure. In our paper we would like to analyze, based on the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and quantitative analysis methods, several influences produced by the organizational communication done so far over the organization itself, as well as over stakeholders such as the local community in Rosia Montana, public institutions, and non-governmental organizations.
Perceptions of Traumatic Brain Injury among Public Defenders in the State ofMinnesota

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when an external blow to the head causes a disruption in the normal functioning of the brain. Injuries such as these not only increase the risk of involvement with the criminal justice system for the individual, but also may make it more difficult to navigate within the legal system. Unfortunately, public defenders may not be familiar with the challenges of TBI their clients face. The aim of this study is to explore the familiarity of public defenders with the signs and symptoms of TBI. Additionally, the study investigates the degree to which public defenders recognize the prevalence and impacts of TBI in the legal system. The study consisted of a 14-item electronic survey distributed to all public defenders in Minnesota. Results found that public defenders varied widely in their familiarity with TBI’s symptoms, prevalence, and impacts in the legal system. Although the majority of respondents had not received any advanced training on TBI, most believed such training would be beneficial for their clients. This study clearly shows a need for more training on cognitive, memory, and behavioural impairments experienced by defendants who have been impacted by TBI
Multi-Modal Tracking by Identification

In this paper, we demonstrate, by performing quantitative evaluation, the benefit of tracking by identification over state-of-the-art identification by tracking. We evaluate four localization and tracking systems: a commercial localization system based on radio technology, a state-ofthe-art computer-vision algorithm that uses multiple calibrated cameras to perform identification by tracking, and two multi-modal tracking-by-identification systems that have been developed in our laboratory. We briefly describe all four systems and evaluation metric, and present evaluation on a challenging indoor dataset.