Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Performance a-IGZO Thin Film Diode as Selector for Cross-Point Memory Application

We present amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide Schottky diodes with unprecedented current densities of 104 and 105 A/cm2 at forward biases of 1.5 and 5 V, respectively. The diode presents a high rectification ratio of 1010 at ±2 V, which is essential for suppressing the sneak current of not-selected cells in the memory array. In addition, we show that the diode complies with the demanding performance of memory applications. The device degradation, given by a 30% reduction of its forward current after 104 s of continuous bias stress or 109 pulses cycles, was studied via I-V and C-V measurements and can be attributed to trapping of electrons at deep acceptor levels, which increases the diode built-in potential. Finally, we show that the device is stable upon thermal stress at 300 °C for 1 h, which opens the possibility of further processing and integration with the memory cell.
A study of certain traits accompanying some inherited neurological disorders

Feeblemindedness, dementia, mental disorders, and epilepsy, as well as optic atrophy, tapeto‐retinal degenerations, cataract, ophthalmoplegias, and neural hearing loss were found more frequently in patients suffering from hereditary ataxias (HA) and allied disorders than in the general population.
Resilient Aircraft Maintenance Constructs: Enhancing Repair Network Designs to Effectively Manage Risks and Supply Chain Interruptions

This research aims to extend the understanding of supply chain resiliency by utilizing a simulation model of a U.S. Air Force aircraft engine repair network to evaluate the degree of resiliency built into the system. The study compares the recovery time of the disrupted current system to that of a fully-integrated repair network; the objective being the quantification of resiliency in the current networks design and gauging the effectiveness of various strategies in reducing recovery time. This contributes to current literature by bridging the explicit gap on how to quantify, measure, and compare resilient supply chain strategies and also provides an objective means for basing managerial decisions.
Number : JMR-15-265 R 2 Title : 11-interval PFG pulse sequence for improved measurement of fast velocities of fluids with high diffusivity in systems with short T 2 *

Magnetic resonance (MR) was used to measure SF6 gas velocities in beds filled with particles of 1.1 mm and 0.5 mm in diameter. Four pulse sequences were tested: a traditional spin echo pulse sequence, the 9-interval and 13-interval pulse sequence of Cotts et al. (1989) and a newly developed 11-interval pulse sequence. All pulse sequences measured gas velocity accurately in the region above the particles at the highest velocities that could be achieved (up to 0.1 m s-1). The spin echo pulse sequence was unable to measure gas velocity accurately in the bed of particles, due to effects of background gradients, diffusivity and acceleration in flow around particles. The 9and 13-interval pulse sequence measured gas velocity accurately at low flow rates through the particles (expected velocity < 0.06 m s-1), but could not measure velocity accurately at higher flow rates. The newly developed 11-interval pulse sequence was more accurate than the 9and 13-interval pulse sequences at higher flow rates, but for velocities in excess of 0.1 m s-1 the measured velocity was lower than the expected velocity. The increased accuracy is arose from was because of the smaller echo time that the new pulse sequence it enabled, reducing selective attenuation of signal from faster moving nuclei. October 14, 2015 Dear Editor, Please would you consider the attached paper, entitled “11-interval PFG pulse sequence for accurate measurement of gas velocity in granular materials” for publication in Journal of Magnetic Resonance? It is an original paper, which has not been published or submitted for publication in any other journal. The paper describes a new pulse sequence we have developed to accurately measure gas velocity in heterogeneous systems such as granular materials and porous media. The paper demonstrates that the new pulse sequence, which builds on the framework of the landmark work by Cotts et al. (1989), measures gas velocity more accurately in packed beds of particles than the pulse sequences from this previous work as well as a standard spin echo pulse sequence. The key development of this new pulse sequence comes from using a double spin echo segment on each side of a z-storage period, in order to significantly reduce the echo time necessary to allow for flow encoding gradients with finite ramping time. By providing a variety of comparisons varying pulse sequences and echo times while measuring signal intensity and velocity, the paper concludes that the increased accuracy of the measurements comes from the reduced echo time, which reduces selective signal attenuation from fast moving nuclei. This new pulse sequence enables gas phase velocity imaging in fluidized beds. We also anticipate that the pulse sequence described here will be advantageous in other systems in which background gradients caused by heterogeneity in the sample may be prominent. Thus, we expect the technique to have immediate application to studying flows in porous media, such as rock cores.
A model driven 3D image interpretation system applied to person detection in video images

Detecting persons in images is up to now an unsolved problem in general. We propose an approach which strictly follows the assumption that only objects and parts of these objects can be detected, if their appearance is known in advance. We consider the detection step as a first step towards the recognition process. The latter contains the reasoning about the movements of a person. The appearance of a 3D object means the description of the mapping of object features into the image. The proposed system uses a hierarchical model to control the image segmentation and matching process. It is a multipurpose model for articulated objects which is supporting the linkage of different features.
On the synaptogenic sequence in the chick retina

Study of the developing chick retina with the electron microscope revealed that dyad ribbon synapses begin to form in the inner plexiform layer before synaptic ribbons begin to appear in photoreceptor terminals of the outer plexiform layer. This centrifugal (inner to outer) sequence of synaptogenesis in the predominantly cone retina of the chick differs from the centripetal sequence that has been reported for the predominantly rod retinas of the mouse and rat. This difference does not favor the hypothesis, suggested by others, that the photo‐receptor may influence the maturation of inner retinal elements. The different patterns of synaptogenesis are discussed briefly with reference to anatomical differences between the retinas of different species.
Aprendizado de máquina baseado na teoria da informação : contribuições à separação de sinais em corpos finitos e inversão de sistemas de Wiener

Esta tese de doutorado possui como tema geral o desenvolvimento de algoritmos de Aprendizado de Maquina Baseado na Teoria da Informacao (ITL - Information Theoretic Learning). O paradigma de ITL propoe o uso de criterios de treinamento baseados em medidas como entropia e informacao mutua, em substituicao aos tradicionais criterios baseados em estatisticas de segunda ordem. Os problemas de inversao cega de sistemas de Wiener e separacao cega de sinais em corpos de Galois sao os objetos de estudo e desenvolvimento dessas ferramentas. Estes problemas apresentam caracteristicas marcantes quanto a necessidade de descritores estatisticos de ordem superior, por isso, apresenta-se uma serie de contribuicoes que se baseiam em criterios de ITL e empregam algoritmos imuno-inspirados (ou heuristicas de busca) para adaptar os parâmetros dos modelos envolvidos. As propostas desenvolvidas abrem a perspectiva de futuras aplicacoes em areas como genomica, codificacao e geofisica. Espera-se tambem que os resultados apresentados fortalecam um entendimento mais amplo de ITL, a fim de abranger estrategias mais genericas de busca, de estimacao de informacao e de modelagem de dados. Abstract
Knowledge of personal energy requirements in college students

Knowledge o f Personal Energy R equirem ents in College S tu d en ts by A urora M aria Buffington Dr. R ichard Tandy, E xam ination Com m ittee C hair Associate Professor of Kinesiology University of Nevada, Las Vegas This study explored w hether university s tu d e n ts enrolled in health science c lasses were able to estim ate their energy requ irem ents w ithin a range of calories equal to predicted E stim ated Energy R equirem ents (EER) + two stan d ard deviations. The In terna tional Physical Activity Q uestionnaire (IPAQ) and a p a rtic ipan t survey were given to a convenience sam ple of 63 m ale an d 92 female un d erg rad u ate s tu d en ts (19-23 years) w ith su b seq u en t m easu rem en ts of height, weight and body fat percentage. R esults from the IPAQ yielded m etabolic equivalents w hich were converted to physical activity coefficients for u se in the EER equation. S tu d en ts significantly underestim ated the ir EER by an average of 700 calories (p<.001), an d they un d erestim ated their basal energy expenditures (BEE) by an average of 644 calories (p<.001).
REGULARITY FOR MONGE-AMPERE EQUATION NEAR THE BOUNDARY

In this paper we consider the Monge-Ampère equation det(D2u) = f(x) in a convex domain Ω ⊂ IRn subject to the Dirichlet boundary condition u = φ on ∂Ω. We prove that if ∂Ω and φ are C3 smooth, then the solution u ∈ C2+α(Ω). We also give examples to show that if ∂Ω or φ is only C2,1 smooth, the solution may fail to be C2 smooth near the boundary.
Surface-time enlargement law for gas breakdown

This paper investigates, through theory and experiment, the applicability of the results obtained in laboratory tests of relatively short duration performed on model structures, as a part of the process of designing high-voltage equipment intended for lasting exploitation. Possibilities and limitations of applying these results to practical structures are examined using the methods of mathematical statistics. Special attention is devoted to the influence of electrode surface enlargement and pulse load (overvoltage) prolongation on the statistical behaviour of the pulse breakdown voltage random variable, expressed in the form of the enlargement law. In the theoretical part of the paper, the general four-dimensional (space-time) enlargement law is derived, along with its simplified three-dimensional (surface-time) variant. In the part of the paper related to the experiment, performed with the aim of testing the applicability of the derived surface-time enlargement law to SF6 gas-insulated two-electrode systems, a description of the experimental equipment and procedure is provided, along with the details of measurement data processing. Comparison of experimental results with those predicted by the surface-time enlargement law proved its validity for a two-electrode configuration with a homogenous and radial electric field, insulated by SF6 gas under pressure (with gas pressure as a parameter).
Multifunctional alkaline pulping, delignification and hemicellulose extraction

In this study, multifunctional alkaline pulping was suggested to produce different pulp grades at one mill site, ranging from high-yield paper pulp to high-purity dissolving pulp. In all process modifications, sulfur was successfully replaced by anthraquinone. Autohydrolysis and alkaline pre-extraction were applied to Eucalyptus globulus wood chips, followed by kraft and soda-AQ pulping. Alkaline pre-extraction prior to soda-AQ pulping largely preserved the pulp yield, while a substantial amount of xylan could be extracted in polymeric form during the pre-treatment. The resulting pulp revealed characteristics indicating an alternate use – as paper pulp and as dissolving pulp – after further purification with cold caustic extraction (CCE). The removal of hemicelluloses from kraft or soda-AQ paper pulps by a CCE post-treatment allowed the production of high yield dissolving pulps. The hemi-rich CCE-lye was recycled to soda-AQ pulping, contributing to yield increase by xylan re-precipitation. Alternatively, the CCE-lye could be purified efficiently by ultrafiltration, by concentrating the rather pure and high molecular weight xylan in the retentate for further use. The results indicated that biorefinery concepts can be realized for alkaline pulping by adopting the proposed modification of multifunctional alkaline pulping.
Paying the piper and calling the tune?

Increases in funding of advocacy schemes are leading to their general expansion in the UK. Little is known of how their activities are evaluated by funders. This article examines how local authorities evaluate the outcomes of advocacy schemes. It reports on and discusses the findings of a survey of local authorities. Respondents identified the types of support they provided to advocacy schemes and their requirements for service reports. Data are presented on the length of time that schemes have been funded, geographical variations and whether schemes are generalist or specialist. This analysis is set in the context of discussion with stakeholders. The authors conclude that monitoring and review systems are not well known or extensively used, that while user involvement in evaluation is seen as appropriate this is not well developed, but that advocacy services themselves are interested in contributing to processes of improvement and accountability.
A Comparison of Emotional Approach Coping (EAC) between Individuals with Anxiety Disorders and Nonanxious Controls

Emotional regulation deficits are described as a core component of anxiety disorders (ADs), yet there remains a paucity of data examining this issue in patients diagnosed with ADs. We hypothesized that help‐seeking individuals with ADs would report lower levels of emotional approach coping (EAC), which includes emotional processing (EP) and emotional expression (EE), than nonanxious controls. Diagnostic interviews and a validated self‐report scale assessing emotional approaches to coping (emotional approach coping scale [EACS]) were administered to 101 nonanxious controls and 92 patients with a primary AD (29 generalized anxiety disorder, 40 social anxiety disorder, and 23 panic disorder). Patients with each AD demonstrated significantly lower EAC, including both EP and EE, than nonanxious controls. Lower EAC was also associated with higher anxiety sensitivity and higher anxiety symptom severity. Overall, gender did not moderate the anxiety–EAC effect, but the results suggested that women utilize EAC to a greater degree than men. Clinical techniques designed to improve emotional coping may be beneficial to individuals with ADs.
The first EGF‐like domain from human factor IX contains a high‐affinity calcium binding site.

It has been suggested that epidermal growth factor‐like (EGF‐like) domains, containing conserved carboxylate residues, are responsible for the high‐affinity calcium binding exhibited by a number of vitamin K‐dependent plasma proteins involved in the control of the blood coagulation cascade. These include the procoagulant factors IX and X, and the anticoagulants protein C and protein S. To test this hypothesis we have expressed the first EGF‐like domain from human factor IX (residues 46‐84) using a yeast secretion system, and examined calcium binding to the domain. Using 1H‐NMR to measure a calcium‐dependent shift assigned to Tyr69 we have detected a high‐affinity calcium binding site (Kd = 200‐300 microM). We suggest that other EGF‐like domains of this type may have similar calcium binding properties. In addition, we have completely assigned the aromatic region of the NMR spectrum by NOESY and COSY analysis, and have used these data to discuss the effect of calcium and pH on the conformation of the domain with reference to a model based on the structure of human EGF.
Calcul des variations en cadre non reflexif : representation et relaxation de fonctionnelles integrales sur un espace de mesures, applications en plasticite et homogeneisation

Etude variationnelle de fonctionnelles convexes du type somomega f(x,u(x),du)dx lorsque la croissance de f necessite du travail dans un banach non reflexif. On abordera en particulier les questions relatives a la semi-continuite inferieure, la relaxation, la convergence variationnelle et l'approximation, l'equation d'euler. Ayant en vue certaines applications dans le dommaine de la mecanique (plasticite, milieux fissures), on s'interessera principalement au cas ou l'integrande f presente une croissance lineaire par rapport au gradient. Suivant une demarche desormais classique, cela nous amenera a etendre la definition de la fonctionnelle a des fonctions dont le gradient est une mesure bornee (espaces de type bv(omega ) ou bd(omega ). Dans cette optique, une contribution substanstielle est apportee (chapitres ii et iii notamment) au probleme de la relaxation sur un espace de mesures d'une fonctionnelle integrale dependant du parametre. Les 3 derniers chapitres ont une connotation beaucoup plus "appliquee" et sont consacres a quelques problemes d'homogeneisation et d'analyse limite issus des equations de la plasticite (chapitre v) ou de l'etude des phenomenes de diffraction en electromagnetisme (chapitre vi et vii)
Cost-effectiveness of detecting and treating diabetic retinopathy.

IN RESPONSE: We appreciate Dr. Lambert's interest in our work. However, contrary to his assertion, neither of the issues he raises limits the application of our study results to decision making. Dr. Lambert challenges our assumption that persons with diabetes who lose their sight are as likely to be rehabilitated as visually disabled persons in the rest of the population. He suggests that loss of proprioception and touch sensation associated with diabetes might cause persons with diabetes to value their sight more highly than do those without the disease. Although he presents no data to support this proposition, we can see the logic in the argument. However, increasing the value in quality-adjusted years of life associated with vision in our model, as Dr. Lambert suggests, only increases the estimated cost-effectiveness of screening for and treating diabetic eye disease. This certainly does not limit the value of our study. Dr. Lambert also infers that we subtracted the averted financial cost associated with blindness from the health care cost of delivering the intervention. We have not done so in this or any other article that addresses cost-effectiveness, and we agree that it would be improper to do so. We have previously discussed the cost savings associated with detecting and treating eye disease from the federal perspective; in that model we appropriately considered costs associated with blindness [1].
Transient-Current Method for Measurement of Active Near-Interface Oxide Traps in 4H-SiC MOS Capacitors and MOSFETs

Measurements of the near-interface oxide traps (NIOTs) aligned to the conduction band of silicon-carbide (SiC) are of particular importance as these active defects are responsible for degradation of the channel-carrier mobility in 4H-SiC MOSFETs. In this brief, a new method for measurement of the active NIOTs with energy levels aligned to the conduction band is proposed. The method utilizes transient-current measurements on 4H-SiC MOS capacitors biased in accumulation. Nitrided oxide and dry oxide are used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed measurement method.
PDMS-Based Low Cost Flexible Dry Electrode for Long-Term EEG Measurement

In this paper, a novel flexible dry electrode for long-term electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement is presented. Though the standard wet electrodes (Ag/AgCl) were used widely, they have their own drawbacks, such as the need for conductive gel and skin preparation, which causes the user discomfort and is unsafe, and cannot fit the long-term EEG measurement. To overcome these drawbacks of the wet electrodes, a novel flexible dry electrode made of Polydimethysiloxane is proposed; it works without conductive gel and skin preparation. More importantly, this flexible dry electrode with pins structure can directly measure the EEG of hairy sites through hair. The impedances in frequency and time domains are tested to characterize the performance of the proposed dry electrode. In addition, to estimate signal quality, the average correlation and the power spectrum are presented between different electrodes. This flexible dry electrode can meet the requirement of high quality EEG measurement.
Serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Levels in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients

Background/Aims: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer associated with increased clonal malignant plasma cells. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF 15) is a protein that is highly expressed in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of patients with MM. This study investigated whether the clinical stage of the disease, treatment response and survival are affected by pretreatment serum GDF 15 levels. Methods: Serum GDF 15 levels were measured in 35 newly diagnosed MM patients and 27 healthy controls. The correlation between serum GDF 15 levels and various clinical and laboratory parameters was analyzed. Results: The study demonstrated significantly higher levels of GDF 15 in MM patients. There was a negative correlation between GDF 15 levels, hemoglobin and albumin levels, and a positive correlation between GDF 15 levels, CRP, creatinine, β-2-microglobulin and stage. GDF 15 levels were lower in patients who could receive autologous stem cell transplantation compared to other groups, representing a statistically significant difference. However, in the survival analyses, GDF 15 level did not have an impact on survival. Conclusion: High serum levels of GDF 15 may indicate a poor treatment response. Our study supports the prognostic value of GDF 15 in MM.
Incidence and predictors of hypertension over 8 years among Chinese men and women

Objective To determine the 8-year incidence of hypertension and its risk factors among Chinese adults. Methods A population-based sample of 10 525 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years and free from hypertension at baseline was followed up from 1991 to 1999–2000. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg, or current use of antihypertensive medication. Results Over a mean of 8.2 years of follow-up, 28.9% of men and 26.9% of women developed hypertension. Among men, independent predictors of incident hypertension were baseline age [relative risk (RR) per 5 years: 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.13], living in urban regions versus rural regions (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.85), alcohol drinking versus non-drinking (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.24), prehypertension versus normotension (RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.53, 1.88), heart rate (RR of third versus first tertile: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.44), body mass index (RR of third versus first tertile: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.46) and low versus high physical activity (RR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.47). Results were similar for women, with current smoking in place of alcohol drinking and opposite results for region. The population-attributable risk of modifiable risk factors was between 25 and 50%. Conclusions These data indicate that the incidence of hypertension is high among these Chinese adults, and suggest that 25–50% of new hypertension cases could be prevented with risk factor modification. Given the excess cardiovascular mortality associated with hypertension, these data call for urgent improvements in hypertension prevention and control programs in China.