Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
All about activity injection: Threats, semantics, detection, and defense

Android supports seamless user experience by maintaining activities from different applications (apps) in the same activity stack. Although such close inter‐app communication is essential in the Android framework, the powerful inter‐app communication contains vulnerabilities that can inject malicious activities into a victim app's activity stack to hijack user interaction flows. In this article, we demonstrate activity injection attacks with a simple malware, and formally specify the activity activation mechanism using operational semantics. Based on the operational semantics, we develop a static analysis tool, which analyzes Android apps to detect activity injection attacks. Our tool is fast enough to analyze real‐world Android apps in 6 seconds on average, and our experiments found that 1761 apps out of 129,756 real‐world Android apps inject their activities into other apps' tasks. Moreover, we propose a defense mechanism, dubbed signature‐based activity access control (SAAC), which completely prohibits activity injection attacks. The defense mechanism is general enough to keep the current Android multitasking features intact, and it is simple enough to be independent of the complex activity activation semantics, which does not increase activity activation time noticeably. With the extension of the formal semantics for SAAC, we prove that SAAC correctly mitigates activity injection attacks without any false alarms.
The Impact of E-service Quality on the Customer Satisfaction and Consumer Engagement Behaviors Toward Luxury Hotels

ABSTRACT Research background Website quality of luxury hotels (from 4-star to 5-star ranking) is a vital role to attract customer’s first impression, satisfaction, engagement behaviors, and loyalty intentions. Purpose of the article the study aims to increase the number online bookers by boosting the level of customer satisfaction and customer engagement behaviors (CEBs) on e-service of up-scale hotel websites in Vietnam. Moreover, this study examines whether mediation relationships between website quality, customer satisfaction, and CEBs. Methods the 332 online bookers fulfilled the survey via online and offline approaches. The PLS-SEM analysis applied to measure the relationship of the constructs. Findings The study confirms that website service quality contributes to customer satisfaction, then influences their CEBs and brand loyalty. Additionally, customer satisfaction acts as a partial mediation on the relationships between hotel website service quality and CEBs in the hotel industry. Originality/Value added besides the results of the new insights of hotel website studies, this research is one of the pioneering studies concentrating on the impact of consumer engagement behaviors on its site, satisfaction and loyalty intention in the hotel and tourism industry. The study supports the business of e-commerce and operation of hotel/tourism service, marketing and research.
Texture Estimation Using Thermography and Machine Learning

Contactless material characterization has the potential to be used in various applications such as teleoperation and autonomous physical interaction robotics. Active infrared thermography is a promising approach for classifying materials based on their thermal response to laser excitation over a short distance, thus creating a contactless haptic modeling scheme. However, factors such as the texture of the object under inspection can influence the thermal signature and therefore need to be compensated against. This paper presents a method to use the exact components of a thermographic material characterization system to estimate texture, allowing it to produce more robust characterization in the presence of textured surface. Experimental results confirm that the system is capable of estimating the texture of the sampled material surface to a sufficient degree, with a promising outlook for further improvements as the data set is scaled.
Effect of Linseed Oil Supplementation on Production, Composition and n-6/n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Cow’s Milk

The effects of linseed oil supplementation on milk production, milk composition, and n-6/n-3 ratio of dairy cow’s milk were studied. Twenty-four Holstein Friesian crossbred lactating dairy cows were assigned into a 2x2 Factorial arrangement. All cows were fed approximately 6 kg/ d of 21% CP concentrate. Treatments were: 1) concentrate plus 300 g/d of palm oil (PO) together with ad libitum corn silage ( CS) ; 2) concentrate plus 300 g/ d of linseed oil (LSO) together with ad libitum CS; 3) concentrate plus 300 g/d of PO together with ad libitum fresh grass (FG); and 4) concentrate plus 300 g/d of LSO together with ad libitum FG. Supplementation with LSO had no effect on DMI, milk production and milk composition. Milk fat content was also not affected by LSO supplementation. However, the milk C18:3n3 percentage was increased while n-6/n-3 FA ratio was decreased by LSO supplementation. It was concluded that the milk FA composition can be altered by 300 g/ d LSO supplementation with increasing concentrations of potentially health beneficial FA and decreasing concentrations of SFA. Finally, LSO supplemented with ad libitum FG lowed n-6/n-3 FA ratio in dairy cow’s milk.
RoboPlanner : a pragmatic task planning framework for autonomous robots

Robotic automation has proliferated various industrial deployments including manufacturing, retail warehousing and logistics supply chains. In order for robots to advance to the next stage of cognitive autonomy, a robust framework for planning, execution and adaptation is needed. While there have been advances in abstract automated planning systems, they are still ill-suited to be applied within runtime robotic executions, which take place in uncertain environments. In this study, the authors provide a deliberative robotic planning and simulated execution framework called RoboPlanner that provides a pragmatic integration of automated planning, orchestration and adaptive deployments. This is coupled with an execution monitor and plan repair module, that allows reconfiguration to various template actions with runtime changes. Structured rules for re-planning in the case of state changes, unforeseen obstacles or execution failures are provided. They demonstrate their simulation framework on a realistic example of mobile pick & delivery robots in Industry 4.0 warehouses, that plan, execute, adapt and re-plan in sync with a knowledge base.
Mismatch between obesogenic intrauterine environment and low‐fat postnatal diet may confer offspring metabolic advantage

Mismatch between a depleted intrauterine environment and a substrate‐rich postnatal environment confers an increased risk of offspring obesity and metabolic syndrome. Maternal diet‐induced obesity (MATOB) is associated with the same outcomes. These experiments tested the hypothesis that a mismatch between a nutrient‐rich intrauterine environment and a low‐fat postnatal environment would ameliorate offspring metabolic morbidity.
Application drought indexes to calculate the drought frequency: Case Study in the Center of Vietnam

In this paper, we used observation data of rainfall from 1981 to 2016 and average temperature to calculate drought indices: J, Ped, and SPI for the center region of Vietnam. The first advantage of three indicators is that they were based on meteorological variables such as rainfall and average temperature data. The second advantage is that it is possible to estimate the value each month, contributing to the examination of the drought details in a specific period. These indicators easily classify the degree of drought from no drought, normal to moderate and extreme drought. In this study, it is shown that when determined according to the J index, drought is more clearly delineated according to the level of drought. In addition, the J index reflects a significant level of seasonal drought. The result of drought frequency map shows that the extreme drought occurs in the two provinces of Hoi Xuan in Thanh Hoa and Quy Nhon in Binh Dinh. Through the J index, the study also statistically detailed the level of drought for some typical stations in the Central region of Vietnam.
Mechanisms and regulations of priming effects in soil

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a significant role in the global carbon (C) and nutrients cycles, not only since SOM is a major storage reservoir of C and plant nutrients, but also since microbial decomposition of SOM releases large quantities of CO2 to the atmosphere. The accelerated or reduced turnover rate of SOM after the input of labile C compounds is a phenomenon known as the priming effect (PE). When the labile C originates from root exudate, the effect is referred to as the rhizosphere PE. The rhizosphere PE has been reported to increase SOM decomposition by up to 380%, but also to reduce SOM decomposition by up to 50% compared to rootless soil. Although PE is an important regulator of SOM decomposition and nutrient cycling, little is known about the mechanisms and regulations of PEs.In this thesis, I performed several greenhouse experiments with living tree seedlings to investigate how different tree species, light intensity, root exudation rate, elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) fertilization influence the rhizosphere PE on SOM decomposition and gross N mineralization. I also performed an incubation experiment to compare the effect of increased C and N availability on the depolymerization of native SOM. I further measured the microbial growth rate, microbial community composition and potential enzyme activities to investigate the underlying mechanisms and role of different microbial groups in regulating the PE.My results showed that the magnitude and direction of the rhizosphere PE differed between plant species. Light intensity also played an important role in regulating the rhizosphere PE, depending on the plant species present. My results further showed that the effect of N-fertilization and elevated CO2 on the partitioning of N between plants and microbes was of importance for SOM decomposition and PEs. Moreover, rhizosphere PE was not dependent on the root exudation rate. Instead, my studies suggest that variation in soil N availability is a key regulator of the PEs. My studies further revealed that fungi are responsible for the PEs, while potential enzyme activities are poor indicators of the PEs.In conclusion, my studies suggest that soil C and N cycling are strongly affected by the PEs caused by living roots. Therefore, the regulation of PEs on SOM decomposition and N mineralization could play an important role in the terrestrial ecosystem's feedback to global change in response to e.g. elevated CO2 and N deposition. My results also demonstrated that the PE is regulated by multiple environmental factors, e.g. plant species, light intensity, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and soil N availability. In order to accurately predict how the PE on soil C and N cycling responds to environmental change, these factors need to be considered more in future studies.
Puzzling Publics: The role of reflexive learning in universal pre-kindergarten (UPK) policy formulation in Canada and the US

Building on theories of social learning and policy change, this article argues that reflexive learning provides a causal mechanism for how public engagement in policy formulation can trigger policy innovation. Reflexive learning is a mode of learning that takes place during policy formulation and is most likely to occur in policy areas marked by considerable uncertainty and complexity (low problem tractability) and the participation of a wide range of actors (low actor certification). We contend that reflexive learning processes can restructure policy problems and widen the menu of available policy options and prompt policy elites and citizens to collectively update their beliefs, resulting in policy innovation. We probe the plausibility of this mechanism of policy change through a comparative study of universal pre-kindergarten policy making in the US and Canada. Through two paired comparisons (Florida and California; Ontario and Alberta), we find that policy innovation occurs when publics are engaged in policy formulation through iterative, ongoing public consultation on policy instruments and settings. Reflexive learning among publics and policy elites generates legitimacy, facilitating major policy change.
The 2010 annual economic report on the European Fishing Fleet

This 2010 Annual Economic Report (AER) on the European Union (EU) fishing fleet provides a comprehensive overview of the latest information available on the structure and economic performance of the EU Member States fishing fleets. How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policymaking process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. The Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) has been established by the European Commission. The STECF is being consulted at regular intervals on matters pertaining to the conservation and management of living aquatic resources, including biological, economic, environmental, social and technical considerations. LB -N A-554-E N -N
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF SOME MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT
PLANTS.

The present study was aimed to analyze the avonoids alkaloids and terpenoids in medicinally important plants such as Mentha Arvensis and Azadirachta indica. The Phytochemical analysis of Mentha Arvensis and Azadirachta indica revealed that avonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids were present in leaves extract
Positioning Strategic Sustainable Facilities Management (SFM) for Hotel Industry in Malaysia

Sustainability issues in the hotel industry are significantly distressing matter. It has been expressed as a constituent interest to a negative impact on the environment. However, the sustainability management concept is yet to be established by the Malaysian hotel industry. The aim is to study Sustainable Facilities Management (SFM) practices in the hotel industry. This conceptual paper encompasses on evolution theory of SFM. Meta-analysis was conducted focusing on developing trends of SFM globally. The findings revealed that 9 out of 15 sustainable initiatives have been commonly practised. These initiatives are essential to gain holistic SFM practices in the hotel industry. Keywords: Sustainable; Sustainability Facilities Management (SFM); Hotel. 2398-4279 © 2019 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v4i17. 200
Microbial association networks give relevant insights into plant pathobiomes

Interactions between plant pathogens and other plant-associated microorganisms regulate disease. Deciphering the networks formed by these interactions, termed pathobiomes, is crucial to disease management. Our aim was to investigate whether microbial association networks inferred from metabarcoding data give relevant insights into pathobiomes, by testing whether inferred associations contain signals of ecological interactions. We used Poisson Lognormal Models to construct microbial association networks from metabarcoding data and then investigated whether some of these associations corresponded to interactions measurable in co-cultures or known in the literature, by using grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and the fungal pathogen causing powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) as a model system. Our model suggested that the pathogen species was associated with 23 other fungal species, forming its putative pathobiome. These associations were not known as interactions in the literature, but one of them was confirmed by our co-culture experiments. The yeast Buckleyzyma aurantiaca impeded pathogen growth and reproduction, in line with the negative association found in the microbial network. Co-cultures also supported another association involving two yeast species. Together, these findings indicate that microbial networks can provide plausible hypotheses of ecological interactions that could be used to develop microbiome-based strategies for crop protection.
Brainrender: a python-based software for visualizing anatomically registered data

The recent development of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) digital brain atlases and high-throughput brain wide imaging techniques has fueled the generation of large datasets that can be registered to a common reference frame. This registration facilitates integrating data from different sources and resolutions to assemble rich multidimensional datasets. Generating insights from these new types of datasets depends critically on the ability to easily visualize and explore the data in an interactive manner. This is, however, a challenging task. Currently available software is dedicated to single atlases, model species or data types, and generating 3D renderings that merge anatomically registered data from diverse sources requires extensive development and programming skills. To address this challenge, we have developed brainrender: a generic, open-source Python package for simultaneous and interactive visualization of multidimensional datasets registered to brain atlases. Brainrender has been designed to facilitate the creation of complex custom renderings and can be used programmatically or through a graphical user interface. It can easily render different data types in the same visualization, including user-generated data, and enables seamless use of different brain atlases using the same code base. In addition, brainrender generates high-quality visualizations that can be used interactively and exported as high-resolution figures and animated videos. By facilitating the visualization of anatomically registered data, brainrender should accelerate the analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of brain-wide multidimensional data.
Clinic Attendance Default among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in a Low-Income Setting: A Cause for Concern

Background: Nigeria carries a heavy burden of the disease as about 25 million Nigerians are chronically infected with the disease. It is conventionally believed that default rates are high among CHB patients attending gastroenterology clinics across Nigeria but the actual rates and the reasons for such among the patients have not been quantitatively evaluated. We, therefore, evaluated the clinic attendance default rate and the factors influencing this among chronic hepatitis B patients attending the Gastroenterology Clinic of a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility. Material and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving chronic hepatitis B patients that attended a Gastroenterology Clinic between July 2011 to December 2016. Case files of patients were retrieved from the medical record department from which their phone numbers and relevant data were obtained. A predesigned questionnaire containing questions relating socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of chronic hepatitis B, reasons for clinic attendance default and what could be done to make the patient keep clinic appointments was administered to each participant. Results: A total of 87 subjects aged 18 to 55 years were interviewed. The clinic attendance default rate was 87.4% and 61.8% of the defaulters did so after the first clinic appointment. HBV knowledge [ OR = 9.10 (95% CI 2.33 -35.63), P = 0.002] and the monthly family income [OR = 1.01(95% CI 1.00 -1.02), P =0.008] of the participants were found to be positively associated with clinic attendance. Conclusion: There was a high rate of clinic attendance default among the population of CHB patients we studied. Inadequate disease knowledge and financial incapability stood as two major factors needing attention in order to solve this problem.
Earmarking Donations to Charity: Cross-cultural Evidence on Its Appeal to Donors Across 25 Countries

Charity organizations differ in their practice of offering donors the option to earmark their contribution: allowing donors to select the project in which their money should be invested. This paper presents two studies that provide the first empirical evidence on the appeal of such earmarking. The empirical basis of Study 1 is a unique data set consisting of 7,383 potential donors from 25 countries who participated in a randomized survey experiment. First, we find that the willingness to donate is significantly higher when earmarking is allowed. Second, we find that the effect of earmarking substantially differs in magnitude across countries. Third, we identify two cross-cultural interactions. Specifically, earmarking is less effective in countries that score lower on autonomy relative to embeddedness and in those scoring lower on egalitarianism relative to hierarchy. Fourth, we find that the earmarking effect is driven mainly by the activation of more donors and not by increases in the amounts that donors contribute. Study 2 is a follow-up experiment that replicates the basic earmarking effect, addresses limitations of our cross-cultural study, and sheds some preliminary light on the effect’s underlying process. We find that earmarking options increase potential donors’ perceptions of being able to make specific impact and also that this sense of agency helps us to understand an individual’s increased willingness to donate. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.