Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
U.S. timber production, trade, consumption and price statistics 1965-2011.

This report presents annual data but is published every 2 years. The data present current and historical information on production, trade, consumption, and prices of timber products in the United States. The report focuses on national statistics but includes some data for individual states and regions and for Canada. The data were collected from industry trade associations and government agencies. They are intended for use by forest land managers, forest industries, trade associations, forestry schools, renewable resource organizations, individuals in the major timber producing and consuming countries of the world, and the general public. A major use of the data is tracking industry production and consumption trends over time. One of the major shifts that occurred in the wood-using industry from 2004 to 2013 is that both production and consumption of roundwood per capita decreased. Consumption of products per capita has also undergone a gradual decrease from 2004 to 2013. Because of increased paper recycling and increased processing efficiency, consumption per capita in roundwood equivalent has decreased since about 1986 from 83 ft to 44 ft per capita in 2013. However, over the most recent time period, the decline in production per capita is due to the U.S. economic weakness that severely impacted wood markets. In the 1960s and 1970s, consumption averaged 65 ft per capita before increasing to and peaking at 83 ft per capita in 1986. Since 2004, consumption per capita has continued to steadily decrease and reached 40 ft in 2009 before increasing to 44 ft in 2013. Per capita consumption in 2013 increased to 44 ft the fourth consecutive year of increases. Since 1999 paper consumption fell from 57 thousand tons to 36.7 thousand tons in 2013. Since 1999, newsprint capacity declined from 7.4 million tons to 3.3 million tons and printing and writing paper fell from 29.3 million tons of capacity to 19.7 million tons of capacity. Another shift occurring over the past several years is increased emphasis on wood energy use, which has shown wide fluctuations over the past decade and into 2013.
IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC POLICIES ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN PAKISTAN

This paper provides strategy to explain the macroeconomic determinants for eradicating poverty in Pakistan. An empirical analysis of macroeconomic indicators are based on the data for the year 1994 to 2005. Ordinary least square estimation was used to estimate the parameters of multiple variable regression model. Gini coefficient is used to measure the inequality in income distribution. The results suggest that per capita income, and remittances, are highly significant, developmental expenditure, and unemployment rate have significant affect to alleviate poverty. Elimination of poverty is impractical without the increase in per capita income. The paper comes to the conclusion that government should promote investment in social and developmental projects, creating job opportunities, increasing individual per capita income, and capturing the improvement in the individual standard of living.
Photosynthesis, carboxylation and leaf nitrogen responses of 16 species to elevated pCO2 across four free‐air CO2 enrichment experiments in forest, grassland and desert

The magnitude of changes in carboxylation capacity in dominant plant species under long‐term elevated CO2 exposure (elevated pCa) directly impacts ecosystem CO2 assimilation from the atmosphere. We analyzed field CO2 response curves of 16 C3 species of different plant growth forms in favorable growth conditions in four free‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments in a pine and deciduous forest, a grassland and a desert. Among species and across herb, tree and shrub growth forms there were significant enhancements in CO2 assimilation (A) by +40±5% in elevated pCa (49.5–57.1 Pa), although there were also significant reductions in photosynthetic capacity in elevated pCa in some species. Photosynthesis at a common pCa (Aa) was significantly reduced in five species growing under elevated pCa, while leaf carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) was significantly reduced by elevated pCa in seven species (change of −19±3% among these species) across different growth forms and FACE sites. Adjustments in Vcmax with elevated pCa were associated with changes in leaf N among species, and occurred in species with the highest leaf N. Elevated pCa treatment did not affect the mass‐based relationships between A or Vcmax and N, which differed among herbs, trees and shrubs. Thus, effects of elevated pCa on leaf C assimilation and carboxylation capacity occurred largely through changes in leaf N, rather than through elevated pCa effects on the relationships themselves. Maintenance of leaf carboxylation capacity among species in elevated pCa at these sites depends on maintenance of canopy N stocks, with leaf N depletion associated with photosynthetic capacity adjustments. Since CO2 responses can only be measured experimentally on a small number of species, understanding elevated CO2 effects on canopy Nm and Na will greatly contribute to an ability to model responses of leaf photosynthesis to atmospheric CO2 in different species and plant growth forms.
Python scripts for investigating Open Source Hardware GitHub repositories

This dataset contains Python scripts applying repository mining and social network analysis (SNA) techniques for investigating the transparency and workload distribution of open source hardware (OSH) product development projects hosted on GitHub. Starting from a list of projects and the reference of their corresponding repositories, the scripts extract file versioning metadata from the GitHub API and compute GraphML graphs depicting the full history of commit information for each project. Three types of graphs are computed: commit graphs, file co-edition graphs and file change graphs. They then apply SNA indicators (size, centrality and clustering index) to characterize the topology of file co-edition graphs. Finally, they apply a k-means clustering to these indicators in order to identify different types of projects based on the topology of their co-edition graphs. These scripts have been developed and applied to 105 OSH product development projects in the frame of a study published in the following article (in open access): Bonvoisin, J., Tom Buchert, Maurice Preidel, Rainer Stark. 2018. “How participative is open source hardware? Insights from online repository mining”. Design Science, 4, E19. doi:10.1017/dsj.2018. 15
Coherent electron bunches from laser-cooled gases

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
UPC at MediaEval 2013 social event detection task

These working notes present the contribution of the UPC team to the Social Event Detection (SED) task in MediaEval 2013. The proposal extends the previous PhotoTOC work in the domain of shared collections of photographs stored in cloud services. An initial over-segmentation of the photo collection is later rened by merging pairs of similar clusters.
Nutritional importance of seeds and arthropods to painted spiny pocket mice (Lyomis pictus): the effects of season and forest degradation

Temporal and spatial fluctuations in food abundance may affect the feeding habits of vertebrates in tropical dry forests. We explored the effects of season and forest degradation in dietary patterns of the painted spiny pocket mouse (Lyomis pictus (Thomas, 1893)) (Heteromyidae) in a Mexican tropical dry forest. We used carbon (13C, 12C) and nitrogen (15N, 14N) stable isotope analyses to test the hypotheses that (i) L. pictus would increase its use of arthropods during the rainy season when seeds are less available on the forest floor and (ii) that L. pictus would increase its use of arthropods in degraded forest compared with conserved forest. Our hypotheses were wrong because assimilated biomass was derived almost exclusively from seeds in both seasons and the importance of arthropods was marginal in both sites. Examination of food remains in feces and cheek pouches confirmed these trophic patterns. Seed hoarding during the season of high seed availability probably allows L. pictus to subsist on a seed-b.
The nature of expertise in organization design: Evidence from an expert- novice comparison

Abstract Expertise in designing organizations is an important construct for scholars interested in studying the micro-foundations of organizational performance. We investigate the existence and nature of this expertise in this chapter. Conceptualizing the designing of organizations as a problem-solving process, we describe the underlying structure of this problem space. Further, we propose that this process of problem solving should look different for “greenfield” design problems and for “brownfield” redesign problems. We test our arguments through a comparison of the think-aloud verbal protocols of 16 subjects with greater experience with organization design problems (experts) and 16 subjects with significantly lower experience with organization design problems (novices). The results suggest that the parts of the problem that experts focus on are different from those that novices focus on, and expertise matters differently for design and redesign problems.
A Privacy Preserving Scheme for Incentive-Based Demand Response in Smart Grid

The Incentive-Base Demand Response (IDR) programs in the smart grid provides the ability to shape the power demand on the demand side, which ensures better stablility than in the traditional power grid. However, the IDR programs require the customer’s fine-grained power consumption data to be collected, which poses a serious threat to customer privacy. A IDR privacy preserving scheme is proposed in this paper which utilises a descent off-line electronic coin scheme for the extraction and redemption of rewards and has less computational costs than currently know IDR privacy preserving schemes.
Induction and evaluation of inflammatory markers by zinc oxide nanoparticles: A comparative study using in vitro and in vivo approaches.

The incidence of skin cancer has increased dramatically in recent decades, particularly melanoma. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CIS) were evaluated. In vitro, B16F10, macrophages, and murine erythrocytes were treated with DCA (ranged from 3.66 × 104 to 3.66 × 105 μmol/L), DOX (1.38 × 10-4 to 1.38 × 10-3 μmol/L) and CIS (0.16 to 1.28 μmol/L) alone or in combination and were incubated for 72 h. Cell viability and hemolysis were determined by the MTT method and released hemoglobin, respectively. The results obtained on B16F10 cells indicate that the treatment with DCA alone showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.49 × 105 μmol/L, DOX caused an IC50 of 1.12 × 10-4 μmol/L and CIS-induced an IC50 of 1.14 μmol/L. Combinations of treatments with IC50 of DCA+CIS or DCA+DOX resulted in significantly decreased cell viability by 60 and 95%, respectively. Finally, the treatments alone or in combination did not cause lysis of murine erythrocytes and did not affect the cell viability of macrophages. Our results suggest that DCA enhances cytotoxicity induced by CIS or DOX on B16F10 cells without affecting erythrocytes and macrophages integrity.
Toxicity bioassay and effects of sub-lethal exposure of malathion on biochemical composition and haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus

Clarias gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations of malathion to determine the 96 h LC50 value and its sub-lethal effects on haematological parameters and biochemical composition were also investigated. The 96 h LC50 value concluded was 8.22 mg/L. Specimens of C. gariepinus were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) of pesticide for 4 weeks, which revealed that the pesticide had an adverse effects on various blood parameters. Red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and haematocrit (Ht) values decreased after the exposure of malathion. Plasma glucose level was elevated as plasma protein decreased. Liver and muscle glycogen also decreased in the fish exposed to Malathion. Alanine amino transferase (ALT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities increased in the fish exposed to malathion. Magnesium and calcium ions were also affected, but the effects were insignificant.
Entrepreneurship development in China : a multilevel approach

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Effects of temperature, irradiance, salinity and inorganic nitrogen concentration on coral zooxanthellae in culture

SUMMARY: Effects of temperature, irradiation, salinity and inorganic nitrogen concentration on two cultured strains of zooxanthellae isolated from the corals Pocillopora damicornis (strain P) and Montipora verrucosa (strain M) were studied. Each strain showed different growth responses in terms of temperature and light intensity. A maximum growth rate of strain P, 1.2 per day, was observed at 32°C under all light intensities examined (5–40 μEm−2s−1). However, its photosystem 2 activity (FRI) was higher at 28°C than at 32°C under most light intensities. In contrast, the growth rate of strain M was affected more by light intensity and was almost invariably affected at all temperatures examined (24–36°C). Both algal strains had a comparable growth rate and FRI at salinities from 20 to 35 PSU under moderate temperature and irradiant conditions. High temperature and low irradiation reduced the algal tolerance against low salinity. The gross photosynthesis per cell was not affected by the ammonium enrichment more than 5 μM per day although the cellular chlorophyll a content and cell density increased in proportion with the ammonium enrichment up to 20 μM per day. A potential response of zooxanthellae to the multiple environmental stresses was shown from these results.
SWOT Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment

Every country has its own business environment, just as every organization has its own set culture and business surroundings. While undertaking a business locally or abroad, the managers or CEOs of the organizations have to account for and consider all the external and internal as well as macro and microeconomic factors, which are likely to contribute to the success or failure of the business. This paper examine the factors that responsible for improving or hampering the competitiveness of business operations with the use of SWOT analysis to judge their vulnerability of success or failure against those factors. Keywords : SWOT analysis, Business Environment, Macro and Microeconomic Factors
Positive Cross-Regulatory Loop Ties GATA-3 to Estrogen Receptor α Expression in Breast Cancer

The transcription factor GATA-3 is required for normal mammary gland development, and its expression is highly correlated with estrogen receptor α (ERα) in human breast tumors. However, the functional role of GATA-3 in ERα-positive breast cancers is yet to be established. Here, we show that GATA-3 is required for estradiol stimulation of cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells. The role of GATA-3 in estradiol signaling requires the direct positive regulation of the expression of the ERα gene itself by GATA-3. GATA-3 binds to two cis-regulatory elements located within the ERα gene, and this is required for RNA polymerase II recruitment to ERα promoters. Reciprocally, ERα directly stimulates the transcription of the GATA-3 gene, indicating that these two factors are involved in a positive cross-regulatory loop. Moreover, GATA-3 and ERα regulate their own expression in breast cancer cells. Hence, this transcriptional coregulatory mechanism accounts for the robust coexpression of GATA-3 and ERα in human breast cancers. In addition, these results highlight the crucial role of GATA-3 for the response of ERα-positive breast cancers to estradiol. Moreover, they identify GATA-3 as a critical component of the master cell-type–specific transcriptional network including ERα and FoxA1 that dictates the phenotype of hormone-dependent breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6477–83]
Flujometría doppler de arterias uterinas como predictor de macrosomia fetal

Objectives: To determine the relationship between the average pulsatility index of the uterine arteries taken by ultrasound inpregnant women between 11 and 14 and 20 to 26 weeks of gestation with neonatal macrosomia. Materials and methods:Prospective, longitudinal, analytical study. A total of 3,279 pregnant women attended at the National Maternal Perinatal Institutebetween 2011 and 2014, of whom 952 were patients between 11 and 14 weeks and 2327 between 20 and 26 weeks, two groupswere formed: 11 to 14 and 20 to 26 weeks; The weights considered for the comparison were: 3,600, 3,800, 4,000, 4,200 and 4,400grams, a correlation was performed by the Pearson method, statistical significance was performed by means of Chi square test forboth groups, to calculate the probability Of occurrence of events was calculated odss ratio and to evaluate the precision were usedconfidence intervals, subsequently constructed a ROC curve to precise sensitivity and false positive rate.
Using local user perceptions to evaluate outcomes of protected area management in the Sagay Marine Reserve, Philippines

Local user perceptions of resource trajectory and indicators of protected area outcomes can be useful in the assessment of integrated conservation projects, both marine and terrestrial. In-depth stakeholder surveys using 12 performance indicators were used to evaluate the perceived outcomes of the Sagay Marine Reserve (SMR), the Philippines. These indicators were a measure of whether the SMR had achieved its management objectives in the recent past and what local stakeholders expected in the future. The respondents' contextual situation could be correlated with their perceptions of SMR indicators. There was a generally high level of perceived equity and efficiency of SMR management outcomes, but the sustainability of the SMR, particularly the condition of the fisheries, had been poor over the previous 10 years. Few anticipated an improvement in sustainability indicators over the next 10 years. Respondents from an island village within the SMR had more negative (or less positive) perceptions of SMR outcomes because of their high dependence on the degraded resource, combined with physical and economic isolation. Specific remedies to enhance island villagers' satisfaction, such as greater participation, empowerment, alternative economic opportunities and fisheries protection, and replenishment, are necessary. This research serves as an example of how indicators perceived by local resource-accessing stakeholders can and should be main components of both marine and terrestrial protected area assessment.
Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

In comparison with the effects of extended drought periods or severe nutrient stress, those of ozone are generally much milder, at least with respect to growth. However, there is substantial evidence from experiments, in the main using young saplings, that O 3 does impose a stress on forest trees under European conditions. Decreased chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rates, changes in carbon allocation, increased antioxidant activity, and reductions in biomass due to O 3 have often been recorded, particularly in fast-growing species. Furthermore, O 3 appears to weaken the trees' resilience to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Interactions between O 3 and climatic stress, in particular drought and frost hardiness, are likely to result in potentially detrimental effects. A link between the occurrence of O 3 and forest damage is not unequivocally established in Europe, and the problem remains of extrapolating and/or scaling up from studies on seedlings to predict responses to O 3 of mature trees and forest stands, because we know so little about acclimation to O 3 . An accurate assessment is also lacking of the magnitude of the O 3 effect on European trees both in terms of the forest areas affected and its extent. In this review we suggest that C allocation is the key factor underlying the responses of trees to O 3 . Stomata also play a key role, since the acquisition of C must be achieved while an effective control over water consumption is retained.
Sjögren’s Syndrome as an Ocular Problem: Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease of exocrine glands, which is characterized by dry mouth and dry eye, though ocular disturbances, such as dry eye disease, may be the first sign of the problem. In pathogenesis of SS, activated T-cells and B-cells infiltrate the lacrimal glands and autoimmune process leading to cell destruction. This process causes hyposecretion of tears and aqueous-deficient dry eye disease. Evaporative dry eye disease is connected with Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and/or goblet cell loss. There are many questionnaires and tests to dry eye disease diagnosing, but there is no “gold standard. ” Correlation of data from symptom questionnaires and results of ocular staining score, Schirmer test I (without anesthesia), and break-up-time make it easier to diagnose. The treatment of SS includes both local (tear drops and moistures) and systemic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs—biologics) therapies, but it is individual. We would like to present recent data on the ocular involvement and perspective of dry eye disease diagnosis and treatment in patients with SS. The tear film composition analysis includes measurements of tear osmolarity and levels of inflammatory mediators. Elevated osmolarity of the tear film is a characteristic for DED though there is no suggested cutoff value for SS-related DED and further investigations should be conducted to establish it 28, 32, 35, 36].