Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
35. Interviewing children

This article reviews best practice for interviewing child witnesses. In most officially recognized abuse cases, the child previously disclosed abuse, making it possible to elicit disclosures without asking closed-ended questions. Interviewers nevertheless overuse closed-ended questions, which lead to short unelaborated responses, privilege the limited perspective of the interviewer, maximize the potential for linguistic difficulties, increase children’s tendency to guess, and risk response biases. Interviewers can avoid closed-ended questions through narrative practice, in which interviewers ask children to narrate a recent innocuous event before introducing the abuse topic; cued invitations, in which interviewers repeat details reported by children and ask for elaboration; open-ended whquestions; and interview instructions, including asking children to promise to tell the truth. A remaining challenge is how to elicit disclosures from reluctant children. Better understanding of the dynamics of abuse disclosure and optimal interviewing strategies can assist the legal system in assessing the veracity of children’s reports. 73 A nn u. R ev . L aw . S oc . S ci . 2 01 4. 10 :7 389 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w . a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y U ni ve rs ity o f So ut he rn C al if or ni a (U SC ) on 0 6/ 01 /1 6. F or p er so na l u se o nl y. LS10CH05-Lyon ARI 17 September 2014 10:31
Physiological signal based work stress detection using unobtrusive sensors

Objective: Work stress is identified as the ‘health epidemic of 21st century’ by WHO because, when left unchecked, it wreaks havoc on human mind and body by accelerating the onset and progression of several health disorders. Hence, the evolution of strategies for early detection of mental stress is pivotal. The study presented here is one step towards the goal of developing a physiological parameter based psychological stress detection scheme which can further be incorporated into a wearable vital signs monitor. Approach: A group of 34 subjects (14 females and 20 males, age: 21.4 ± 1.7 years; mean ± SD) volunteered to participate in a pilot laboratory intervention that emulated real-life job stress scenarios by incorporating stress factors like mental workload, time pressure, performance pressure and social evaluative threat. Electrodermal Activity (EDA), Electrocardiogram (ECG), and Skin Temperature (ST) were monitored throughout the experiment to capture sympathetic activation during stress. Stress response elicitation was validated using salivary cortisol levels. A total of 61 features were extracted from these signals and four classifiers were investigated regarding their ability to detect ‘stress’ using single and multimodal schemes. A fusion framework that combined the benefits of feature fusion and decision fusion was employed to generate classifier ensembles for multimodal stress detection schemes. As the generated datasets exhibited a class imbalance issue, three separate schemes for class imbalance rectification viz., undersampling, oversampling and SMOTE were investigated concerning their ability to yield the best classification performance. While ECG based performance analysis was restricted to data segments of 300 s duration to conform to international guidelines for short-term HRV analysis, non-overlapping EDA and ST data segments of durations 300 s, 180 s, 60 s, and 30 s were examined to determine the optimum data length that can generate best results. Main Results: EDA gave a superior performance for 60 s windows while ST performed best with data segments of duration 30 s. A comparative study was performed with 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% overlapping data segments as well. However, overlapping did not enhance the performance of the classifiers significantly.While EDA emerged as the best single modality, the highest stress recognition accuracy of 97.13% was yielded by a combination of EDA and ST with data segments of 60 s duration. Furthermore, the differential effect of ‘physical’ and ‘psychological’ stressors on EDA and ST was analyzed. Significance: The results clearly suggest that these physiological parameters can not only reliably detect psychological stress but can also discriminate it from physical stress.
DESIGN OF RECOMBINANT TENEBRIO MOLITOR ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN FOR PURIFICATION USING ELASTIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE TAG

Fusion protein technologies can aid to improve solubility of recombinant protein from microorganisms and help recombinant protein purification. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) as a fusion tag can be utilized to facilitate the purification of recombinant proteins because ELP can provide its thermally responsive behavior to ELP tagged proteins. An ELP tag can be used as the purification carrier through inverse transition cycling (ITC), which is a simple and non chromatographic separation process. The purification through ITC can reduce cost and can be quickly performed compared to other purification methods. However, we further considered ELP tag removal because it may possibly hinder the structure and function of fusion partners (or target proteins). Tenebrio molitor antifreeze protein (TmAFP) is an insect AFP and it is classified as a hyperactive antifreeze protein because its activity is 10 to 100 times greater than AFPs from other sources. TmAFP as a target protein has been purified by cold finger purification or chromatographic separation but there are drawbacks. The overall goal of this work is to design and implement a strategy for high yield of recombinant TmAFP in E. coli through purification using ELP tags. This includes ELP tagged TmAFP with a TEV cleavage site. DNA encoding this tag was designed and
ULTRA-BROADBAND HIGH EFFICIENCY MODE CONVERTER

In this paper, we develop a small-sized mode converter with high performance, high conversion e-ciency and instantaneous bandwidth as high as 55%. This mode converter transforms energy from the TM01 flrst high-order mode towards the fundamental TE11 circular waveguide mode The proposed structure increases the free spurious operating bandwidth in comparison with the existing results in literature. An X/Ku-bands experiment prototype unit was designed, ensuring practical return losses better than 28dB and insertion losses less than 0.1dB (conversion e-ciency > 98:8%) within the entire frequency bandwidth ranging from 9.25GHz to 16.25GHz The presented architecture ofiers useful features such as very wide bandwidth, small size, easy achievement as well as excellent performance, which makes it very suitable for High-power microwave (HPM) sources that generate the TM01 circular waveguide mode. In these cases, the TE11 mode is needed since it has a convergent radiation pattern able to drive conventional antennas. Moreover, this compact concept is fully scalable to any millimeter frequency band.
Large-scale automated machine reading discovers new cancer-driving mechanisms

Abstract PubMed, a repository and search engine for biomedical literature, now indexes >1 million articles each year. This exceeds the processing capacity of human domain experts, limiting our ability to truly understand many diseases. We present Reach, a system for automated, large-scale machine reading of biomedical papers that can extract mechanistic descriptions of biological processes with relatively high precision at high throughput. We demonstrate that combining the extracted pathway fragments with existing biological data analysis algorithms that rely on curated models helps identify and explain a large number of previously unidentified mutually exclusive altered signaling pathways in seven different cancer types. This work shows that combining human-curated ‘big mechanisms’ with extracted ‘big data’ can lead to a causal, predictive understanding of cellular processes and unlock important downstream applications.
White-tailed Deer Browsing and Rubbing Preferences for Trees and Shrubs That Produce Nontimber Forest Products

Nontimber forest products (food, herbal medicinals, and woody floral and handicraft products) produced in forest, agroforestry, and horticultural systems can be important sources of income to landowners. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can reduce the quality, quantity, and profitability of forest products by browsing twigs and rubbing stems, resulting in direct and indirect losses to production enterprises. We evaluated deer damage (frequency and intensity of browsing and rubbing) sustained by 26 species of trees and shrubs, the relationships among morphological features of trees and shrubs to damage levels, and the economic impacts of deer damage on the production of nontimber forest products. Levels of browsing were high (frequency >93% and intensity >50%) in most species of trees and shrubs, with the highest intensity (>60%) occurring in chinese chestnut (Castanea mollisima) and dogwood (Cornus spp.), and the lowest (<20%) in ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), curly willow (Salix matsudana), ‘Scarlet Curls’ curly willow, smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), and pussy willow (Salix caprea). Species of trees or shrubs with one or a few stout stems unprotected by dense branching [e.g., american elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), smooth sumac, and curly willow] sustained the most damage by rubbing. Trees and shrubs with many small diameter stems or with dense tangled branching [e.g. redozier dogwood (Cornus sericea), forsythia (Forsythia suspensa), ‘Flame’ willow (Salix alba), and ‘Streamco’ basket willow (Salix purpurea)] were damaged the least by rubbing. Annual economic costs of deer damage to producers of nontimber forest products can range from $26/acre for pussy willow to $1595/acre for curly willow.
PLANKTIC FORAMINIFER FAUNAL SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE RECORDS OF THE PAST TWO GLACIAL TERMINATIONS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA NEAR WAN-AN SHALLOW (IMAGES CORE MD972151)

The South China Sea is the largest marginal sea of southeastern Asia, lying presently under the influences of the Western Pacific Warm Pool and Asian monsoon systems. Sediment cores from this area provide high-resolution records for interpreting millennialto centennial-scales paleoclimatic changes expressed in the western Pacific. Here we present results of high-resolution paleoceanographic data including planktic foraminifer fauna sea surface temperature (SST) and depth of thermocline (DOT) estimates along with foraminifer stable isotopes, alkenone SST estimates analyzed from a core taken from the southern South China Sea (SCS) near Wan-An Shallow (IMAG ES II I 19 97 cr uise core MD97 2151: 8 43 .73'N, 109 52.17'E, 1589m). The intervals of the record presented here cover the past two glacial Terminations (centering at ~12,000 and 128,000 yrs B.P.). Our analyses of SST estimates by using planktic foraminifer transfer functions with paralleling measurements of alkenone SST methods all show events of rapid cooling reversals occurrring during the Termination I concurrent with the Younger Dryas (~13-11 kyr B.P.), and Heinrich events reported previously from GISP2 ice core and North Atlantic core studies. Our reconstructions indicate also that the Termination I in the southern SCS is characterized by a change of monsoon wind systems, with probably much stronger winter monsoon winds in the glacial period. We also found that during the Termination II, there was no such climatic reversal analogous to the Younger Dryas. During oxygen isotope stage 5, our estimates of SST and DOT, and abundances of deep-dwelling planktic foraminifer species all 2 Western Pacific Earth Sciences, Vol.2, No.1 show large-amplitude variations, indicating an instability of monsoon climate during the interglacial period. Our studies also highlight the climatic teleconnections shown by the linkage of the SCS and other regional records for examples from the East China Sea and Chinese loess.
Infants' detection of synchrony between sounds and pauses in the movement of an object

OF THE THESIS INFANTS' DETECTION OF SYNCHRONY BETWEEN SOUNDS AND PAUSES IN THE MOVEMENT OF AN OBJECT by Linda Alberga Florida International University, 1994 Professor Lorraine Bahrick, Major Professor The present study investigated the development of sensitivity to temporal synchrony between sounds of impact and pauses in the movement of an object by infants of 2 1/2, 4 and 6 months of age. Ninety infants were tested across four experiments with side-by-side videos of a red and white square and a blue and yellow triangle along with a centralized soundtrack which was synchronized with only one of the films. This preference phase was then followed by a search phase, where the two films were accompanied by intermittent bursts of the soundtrack from each object. Twomonth-olds showed no evidence of matching films and soundtracks on the basis of synchrony, however 4-month-olds looked more on the second block of trials to the object which paused when the sound occurred and directed more first looks during the preference phase to the matching object. Six-month-olds demonstrated significantly more first looks to the mismatched object during the search phase only. These
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cell-differentiated cardiac progenitor cells for myocardial injury Preliminary evaluation of treatment efficacy of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell-differentiated cardiac progenitor cells in a myocardial injury mouse model

— Recently, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a strategy to prevent or reverse damage to heart tissue. Although the results of cell transplantation in animal models and patients with myocardial ischemia are promising, the selection of the appropriate cell type remains an issue that requires consideration. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of cardiac progenitor cell transplantation in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia. The cardiac progenitor cells used for transplantation were differentiated from umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. Animal models injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and healthy mice were used as controls. Cell grafting was assessed by changes in blood pressure and histological evaluation. After 14 days of transplantation, the results demonstrated that the blood pressure of transplanted mice was stable, similar to healthy mice, whereas it fluctuated in PBS-injected mice. Histological analysis showed that heart tissue had regenerated in transplanted mice, but remained damaged in PBS-injected mice. Furthermore, trichrome staining revealed that the transplanted mice did not generate significant amount of scar tissue compared with PBS-injected control mice. In addition, the cardiac progenitor cells managed to survive and integrate with local cells in cell-injected heart tissue 14 days after transplantation. Most im-portantly, the transplanted cells did not exhibit tumorigenesis. In conclusion, cardiac progenitor cell transplantation produced a positive effect in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia.
The effect of different dosage of piascledine on hot flushes in postmenopausal woman of Jahrom, Iran

Introduction: Menopause is one of the natural stages of women’s life usually begins in 45-55 y old. The most common symptom is hot flushes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different doses of piascledine on hot flashes of post-menopausal women. Method: 69 postmenopausal women referred to Dr. Rasekh clinic was entered to the study and were randomly divided into 3 groups, first group; 300 mg piascledine daily, second group; 300 mg piascledine twice a day and third group; hormone replacement therapy (1.25 mg conjugated estrogen for 25 d and 10 mg dydrogestrone for 15 d). Hot flushing symptoms were evaluated before and after intervention using Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index (BKMI). The data were analysed by SPSS 21 software. Result: BKMI had a reduction of 17.91 in first group, 20.9 in second group and 20.96 in third group. Conclusion: We found that a higher dosage of piascledine leads to a significant reduction in hot flushes rate and according to the effectiveness and also lack of side effects related to the higher dose of piascledine, it seems to be an appropriate alternative for hormone replacement therapy to treat the menopausal symptoms in high dosage.
Naturalistic social cognition: methodology, assessment, and validation

The authors described a research paradigm for the study of naturalistic social cognition (i.e., the study of the thoughts and feelings of individuals engaged in spontaneous, unstructured dyadic interactions). This paradigm was created by incorporating the thought-listing technique developed by Brock (1967), Greenwald (1968), and Cacioppo and Petty (1981) into the unstructured dyadic interaction paradigm of Ickes (1982, 1983). Data from the first "expanded dyadic interaction paradigm" study provided evidence for the interrater reliability and the construct validity (i.e., face and content validity, concurrent validity, divergent and convergent validity) of the thought and feeling measures obtained by this procedure. The degree of subjects' behavioral involvement in their interactions was related to a number of thought-feeling indexes (e.g., total number of entries, percentage of positive partner entries), and its relations with the percentages of positive, neutral, and negative entries were further moderated by internal correspondence (Brickman, 1978) and private self-consciousness (Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975). In addition, some interesting parallels in the behavioral and thought-feeling correlates of gender were noted. These findings suggest that the expanded dyadicinteraction paradigm will be particularly useful in exploring the relations between naturalistic social cognition and naturalistic social behavior.
Characterizing Monetary and Fiscal Policy Rules and Interactions when Commodity Prices Matter

Using conventional rules to characterize policy behaviour in emerging market economies requires innovations capable of capturing distinctive structural characteristics. We examine the extent to which commodity price fluctuations matter for monetary and fiscal policy formulation in high primary commodity export economies. Markov mixture specifications of monetary and fiscal policy rules stylized to account for commodity price slacks are estimated using specifically designed Bayesian techniques. We find that policy authorities indeed respond to commodity price slacks but with variations depending on the policy regime in place and country. The results hold implications for the correct specification of policy rules and interactions in DSGE models for such economies.
Compositional layering within the large low shear‐wave velocity provinces in the lower mantle

The large low shear‐wave velocity provinces (LLSVP) are thermochemical anomalies in the deep Earth's mantle, thousands of km wide and ∼1800 km high. This study explores the hypothesis that the LLSVPs are compositionally subdivided into two domains: a primordial bottom domain near the core‐mantle boundary and a basaltic shallow domain that extends from 1100 to 2300 km depth. This hypothesis reconciles published observations in that it predicts that the two domains have different physical properties (bulk‐sound versus shear‐wave speed versus density anomalies), the transition in seismic velocities separating them is abrupt, and both domains remain seismically distinct from the ambient mantle. We here report underside reflections from the top of the LLSVP shallow domain, supporting a compositional origin. By exploring a suite of two‐dimensional geodynamic models, we constrain the conditions under which well‐separated “double‐layered” piles with realistic geometry can persist for billions of years. Results show that long‐term separation requires density differences of ∼100 kg/m3 between LLSVP materials, providing a constraint for origin and composition. The models further predict short‐lived “secondary” plumelets to rise from LLSVP roofs and to entrain basaltic material that has evolved in the lower mantle. Long‐lived, vigorous “primary” plumes instead rise from LLSVP margins and entrain a mix of materials, including small fractions of primordial material. These predictions are consistent with the locations of hot spots relative to LLSVPs, and address the geochemical and geochronological record of (oceanic) hot spot volcanism. The study of large‐scale heterogeneity within LLSVPs has important implications for our understanding of the evolution and composition of the mantle.
Evidence for fatal collisions and kleptoparasitism while plunge-diving in Gannets

Plunge-diving is a highly successful strategy for dealing with the challenges confronting birds feeding on pelagic prey. We tested for evidence of fatal injuries due to collision between conspecifics in plunge-diving Australasian Gannets Morus serrator and Cape Gannets Morus capensis, respectively, by performing post-mortem examinations of carcasses recovered from New Zealand waters and analysing video footage of Cape Gannet foraging events from South Africa. We found evidence of accidental collisions between Gannets and also observed a case of attempted kleptoparasitism, in which a diving Cape Gannet targeted a previously captured fish in the beak of a conspecific.
Investigating the parameters of transsaccadic memory: inhibition of return impedes information acquisition near a saccade target

ABSTRACT A limited amount of visual information is retained between saccades, which is subsequently stored into a memory system, such as transsaccadic memory. Since the capacity of transsaccadic memory is limited, selection of information is crucial. Selection of relevant information is modulated by attentional processes such as the presaccadic shift of attention. This involuntary shift of attention occurs prior to execution of the saccade and leads to information acquisition at an intended saccade target. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence that another attentional effect, inhibition of return (IOR), has on the information that gets stored into transsaccadic memory. IOR is the phenomenon where participants are slower to respond to a cue at a previously attended location. To this end, we used a transsaccadic memory paradigm in which stimuli, oriented on a horizontal axis relative to saccade direction, are only visible to the participant before executing a saccade. Previous research showed that items in close proximity to a saccade target are likely to be reported more accurately. In our current study, participants were cued to fixate one of the stimulus locations and subsequently refixated the centre fixation point before executing the transsaccadic memory task. Results indicate that information at a location near a saccade landing point is less likely to be acquired into transsaccadic memory when this location was previously associated with IOR. Furthermore, we found evidence which implicates a reduction of the overall amount of elements retained in transsaccadic memory when a location near a saccade target is associated with IOR. These results suggest that the presaccadic shift of attention may be modulated by IOR and thereby reduces information acquisition by transsaccadic memory.