Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation, identification, and antifungal activity of a macrolide antibiotic, oligomycin A, produced by Streptomyces libani

The antibiotic As1A, strongly inhibitory to Phytophthora capsici Leonian in vitro and in vivo, was isolated from the broth culture of Streptomyces libani Baldacci & Grein using various chromatographic procedures. The molecular formula of the antibiotic As1A was deduced to be C45H74O11 (M+H, m/z 791.5307) by high resolution fast atom bombardment - mass spectroscopy. The analysis of 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, DEPT experiment, and two-dimensional NMR spectral data revealed that the antibiotic is a macrolide antibiotic having a 26-membered alpha, beta-unsaturated macrolactone ring with a conjugated diene fused to a bicyclic spiroketal. Based on the comparison of NMR data and other chemical properties, the antibiotic As1A turned out to have the same structure as oligomycin A. The antibiotic As1A showed a high level of inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers. : Pers. , Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arthur, Colletotrichum lagenarium (C.P. Robin) Berkhout, Magnaporthe.
Root dynamics and demography in shortgrass steppe under elevated CO2, and comments on minirhizotron methodology

The dynamics and demography of roots were followed for 5 years that spanned wet and drought periods in native, semiarid shortgrass steppe grassland exposed to ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 treatments. Elevated compared with ambient CO2 concentrations resulted in greater root‐length growth (+52%), root‐length losses (+37%), and total pool sizes (+41%). The greater standing pool of roots under elevated compared with ambient CO2 was because of the greater number of roots (+35%), not because individuals were longer. Loss rates increased relatively less than growth rates because life spans were longer (+41%). The diameter of roots was larger under elevated compared with ambient CO2 only in the upper soil profile. Elevated CO2 affected root architecture through increased branching.
Actions of Putative Amino Acid Neurotransmitters on the Neuropile Arborizations of Locust Flight Motoneurones

Summary To characterize the receptors for putative amino acid neurotransmitters present on the dendritic arborizations of flight motoneurones in Locusta migratoria, the effects of pressure applications of glutamate, y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartate, taurine, glycine and cysteine were studied using an animal preparation in which neuropile intracellular recordings could be made during expression of the flight motor output. A majority of cells responded to glutamate, GABA, aspartate and taurine. At resting potential, glutamate and GABA caused, in different cells, a depolarization, a hyperpolarization or, in a few cells, a biphasic response, all accompanied by a decrease in the size of the evoked and spontaneous postsynaptic potentials (PSPs). At spiking threshold, the responses were always hyperpolarizing. Activation of a chloride conductance mediated the effects of both glutamate and GABA. In some cells, the response to glutamate or GABA desensitized during long-lasting applications, but in most cells the amplitude of the response did not decrease during applications lasting several minutes. Responses to aspartate and glutamate had identical reversal potentials and cross-desensitized. Responses to GABA and taurine had more negative reversal potentials and did not cross-desensitize with those elicited by glutamate or aspartate. Only a few neurones responded to applications of glycine or cysteine at resting potential; they responded with an inhibition of spiking at depolarized potentials. These data suggest that a variety of amino acid receptors are present on the neuropile arborizations of flight motoneurones.
REVISION OF THE OSTRACODE SUBGENUS PALEOBLITACYTHEREIS BENSON, 1977

The genus Oblitacythereis , type species Oblitacythereis ( Oblitacythereis ) mediterranea Benson, 1977, and the subgenera Oblitacythereis and Paleoblitacythereis are well defined by Benson (1977), who designated Carinocythereis ruggierii Russo, 1966 as type species of Paleoblitacythereis . The specimens figured and described as Carinocythereis ruggierii by Benson (1977), however, clearly differ from Russo's species, and coincide well with Oblitacythereis sp. 3 Russo & Bossio, 1976, as stated by Bonaduce & Russo (1985). As a consequence of this misidentification the subgenus Paleoblitacythereis is subject to uncertainty and potential instability. The type species designated by Benson should be considered as a new nominal species and Carinocythereis ruggierii Russo, which actually belongs to Paleoblitacythereis , should be revised. The study of well-preserved specimens from some Miocene formations in southern Italy prompts the author to propose herein a systematic revision of the Italian representatives of the subgenus Paleoblitacythereis . Three species are discussed. These are: Oblitacythereis ( Paleoblitacythereis ) ruggierii (Russo, 1966), Oblitacythereis ( Paleoblitacythereis ) bossioi n. sp. ( = Oblitacythereis sp. 3 Russo & Bossio, 1976), here proposed as the new nominal type species of Paleoblitacythereis and, finally, Oblitacythereis ( Paleoblitacythereis ) apula n. sp. , described as new. The systematic notes of each species are given with the bio-chronostratigraphical distribution resulting from the present study together with some palaeoecological remarks.
Research Article Micro flora of Rhizoshperic Soil in Some Common Medicinal Plants

Medicinal plant plays a vital role in human health care. Medicinal plants are renewable potential natural resources. In present investigation Spilanthus paniculata, Mentha arvensis and Ocimum basilicum were selected to study diversity of root associated with microorganism. Analysis of rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil was carried out by using selective media, It revealed that comparatively higher bacterial and fungal population was found in rhizosphere soil than non rhizosphere soil. Rhizosphere is a site of high microbial activity in and around the roots of soil. Depending on varied physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, it harbors a great diversity of microorganisms affecting plant growth and health. Among the bacteria dominant species was Azatobactor Chrococcum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis.
The Aerodynamics of Hovering Insect Flight. I. The Quasi-Steady Analysis

The conventional aerodynamic analysis of flapping animal flight invokes the `quasisteady assumption' to reduce a problem in dynamics to a succession of static conditions: it is assumed that the instantaneous forces on a flapping wing are equivalent to those for steady motion at the same instantaneous velocity and angle of attack. The validity of this assumption and the importance of unsteady aerodynamic effects have long been controversial topics. Weis-Fogh tested the assumption for hovering animal flight, where unsteady effects are most pronounced, and concluded that most insects indeed hover according to the principles of quasi-steady aerodynamics. The logical basis for his conclusion is reviewed in this paper, and it is shown that the available evidence remains ambiguous. The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight are re-examined in this series of six papers, and a conclusion opposite to Weis-Fogh's is tentatively reached. New morphological and kinematic data for a variety of insects are presented in papers II and III, respectively. Paper IV offers an aerodynamic interpretation of the wing kinematics and a discussion on the possible roles of different aerodynamic mechanisms. A generalized vortex theory of hovering flight is derived in paper V, and provides a method of estimating the mean lift, induced power and induced velocity for unsteady as well as quasi-steady flight mechanisms. The new data, aerodynamic mechanisms and vortex theory are all combined in paper VI for an analysis of the lift and power requirements and other mechanical aspects of hovering flight. A large number of symbols are needed for the morphological, kinematic and aerodynamic analyses. Most of them appear in more than one paper of the series, and so a single comprehensive table defining the major symbols from all of the papers is presented at the end of this paper.
Authentication System using Multispectral Palmprint

T Abstract Among the numerous biometric systems presented in the literature, multispectral palmprint authentication systems have received a great deal of attention in recent years. This paper presents applications of the Holistic methods such as Gabor + Fisherpalm space, Gabor+Eigenpalm space and Gabor Kernel Eigenpalm space for the multispectral images (Green, near-infrared, Red and Blue). The Gabor filter bank is applied to extract the augmented magnitude feature vector. These vectors are then subjected to subspace projection (i.e., Fisherpalm space). In this paper, a comparison of the Gabor+ Eigenpalm and the Gabor+ Fisherpalm methods respect to multispectral palmrint images is examined. Finally, the nearest neighbor classifier and the cosine Mahalanobis distances are used for respectively the matching and the decision stages. Experimental results show that our proposed system achieves better results than results than other state-of-the-art system.
NSGA-II ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING COMBINED ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIC DISPATCH PROBLEM INCORPORATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND WIND ENERGY

A recent case study conducted at one of the thermal power plants shows that the CO2 emission which is the main reason for global warming is high compared to maximum limits. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and renewable energy sources, in particular wind energy have recently been getting more interest because of various environmental and economic considerations Hence a solution is proposed to reduce emission level as well as cost of operation by incorporating PHEVs and renewable energy. Combined environmental economic dispatch (CEED) problem proposed in several literatures shows the problem is highly nonlinear. Hence, a powerful optimization tool is required to solve such a problem and because of that NSGA-II algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this paper, the impact of PHEVs and renewable energy integration into the electric grid is investigated. A case study in ten unit system is presented to verify the success of this proposed algorithm.
Exploring the Immunogenicity and Therapeutic Applications of Boranophosphate-modified RNA: siRNA and RNA Aptamers

Exploring the Immunogenicity and Therapeutic Applications of Boranophosphatemodified RNA: siRNA and RNA Aptamers by Mariam Lucila Sharaf Department of Chemistry Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Barbara Ramsay Shaw, Supervisor ___________________________ Katherine J. Franz ___________________________ Thom LaBean ___________________________ Bruce Sullenger An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry in the Graduate School of Duke University
Principle Component Analysis Based on Optimal Centroid Selection Model for SubSpace Clustering Model

Clustering a large sparse and large scale data is an open research in the data mining. To discover the significant information through clustering algorithm stands inadequate as most of the data finds to be non actionable. Existing clustering technique is not feasible to time varying data in high dimensional space. Hence Subspace clustering will be answerable to problems in the clustering through incorporation of domain knowledge and parameter sensitive prediction. Sensitiveness of the data is also predicted through thresholding mechanism. The problems of usability and usefulness in 3D subspace clustering are very important issue in subspace clustering. The Solutions is highly helpful benefit for police departments and law enforcement organisations to better understand stock issues and provide insights that will enable them to track activities, predict the likelihood. Also determining the correct dimension is inconsistent and challenging issue in subspace clustering . In this thesis, we propose Centroid based Subspace Forecasting Framework by constraints is proposed, i.e. must link and must not link with domain knowledge. Unsupervised Subspace clustering algorithm with inbuilt process like inconsistent constraints correlating to dimensions has been resolved through singular value decomposition. Principle component analysis is been used in which condition has been explored to estimate the strength of actionable to be particular attributes and utilizing the domain knowledge to refinement and validating the optimal centroids dynamically. An experimental result proves that proposed framework outperforms other competition subspace clustering technique in terms of efficiency, Fmeasure, parameter insensitiveness and accuracy
STUDY ON HYDRODYNAMICS COEFFICIENTS OF SWATH AUTONOMOUS SURFACE VEHICLES (ASV) HULLFORM FOR BATHYMETRY SURVEY ACTIVITIES

In this study, numerical modeling and simulation of an Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASV) using Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) Hullform are shown. The paper emphasizes on the estimation of maneuvering performance of the ASV hullform which is needed to model the hydrostatic behavior, added mass of ASV, hydrodynamic characteristics and control surface forces and moments. The systematic computational fluid dynamic modeling was made to estimate the hydrodynamics forces of the submerged body of the SWATH Hullform. From initial design and prototype testing, a numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics simulation is used to estimate the hydrodynamics coefficients in order to determine the control of maneuvering system of the SWATH Hullform. The various angles of attack will be considered to obtain the drag, lift and moment coefficients. The developed computational method is able to determine the hydrodynamic coefficients of SWATH Hullform for Autonomous Surface Vehicles (SWATH-ASV).
OVERLOAD ALLEVIATION AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM USING FIREFLY OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM INVOLVING DISTRIBUTED GENERATORS

The advent of restructuring in electricity markets and increasing load demands have considerable impact on the loading pattern of the transmission system. This would cause congestion in transmission line which would further lead to instability of the system, resulting in a poor voltage profile. This paper proposes an efficient method for transmission line overload alleviation and enhancement of system performance with the integration of Distributed Generators (DGs). For secure operation of power system, it is essential to maintain the network loading within specified limits to avoid the system from collapsing due to cascading outages. An analytical approach to recognize the ideal location and size of DGs using Firefly Algorithm (FA) is presented in this paper. The optimization process is executed by changing the load randomly from the base case. Maximum Power Stability Index (MPSI) is employed as the objective function to identify the optimal DG location. Then, a Firefly based model with randomized load is evolved to optimize the DG sizing in view of minimizing systems’ real power losses. The improvement is measured in terms of voltage profile, congestion relief and available transfer capability using IEEE 30 bus and IEEE 118 bus test system. The results of the proposed method are compared with similar methods from the literature.
Immune response of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) against Vibrios furnissii pathogen

Kumaran Subramanian, Deivasigamani Balaraman, Dhayanithi Nagarajan Balachandran, Rajasekar Thirunavukarasu, Suresh Gopal, Pugazhvendan Sampath Renuka, Alagappan Kumarappan* Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, (Affiliated to Madras University), Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India Annimalai University Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai–600 025, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Zoology, DDE wing, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014; 2(4): 281-286
BEHAVIOUR OF NAPHTENIC TRANSFORMER OILS SUBMITTED TO THERMAL STRESS

This work is devoted to the behaviour of naphtenic mineral oils of different degradation levels submitted to thermal stresses. In addition to the dissolved key gases analysis, the principal properties of the oil (dielectric strength, water content, relative permittivity, dissipation factor, and resistivity) are studied with accuracy in order to serve as an elementary diagnosis.
Brain Tumor Detection, Classification and Feature Extraction from MRI Brain Image

Nowadays the use of automatic computer aided technology for the extraction of brain tumor by image segmentation process becomes greatly important. To improve the performance and reduce the complexity, the combined K-means and fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering are investigated based on segmentation for brain tumor detection and support vector machine (SVM) is used for the classification of tumor types. Furthermore, to improve the accuracy and quality rate of the support vector machine (SVM) based classifier; relevant features are extracted from each segmented tissue of brain MRI images. The experimental results of the proposed method have been evaluated and validated for performance and quality analysis on magnetic resonance brain images, based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity. The experimental results achieved 94.37% accuracy, 98% specificity, and 98.19% sensitivity, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method for identifying normal and abnormal(i.e. Benign or Malignant) tissues from brain MR images.
The Interaction of Selected Phytochemicals, HIV Drugs, and Commercial-Source Herbal Teas and Capsules with Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein

Abstract As the popularity of natural health product (NHP) use increases, unfortunately, so does the frequency of cases reporting suspected adverse interactions. Adverse reactions associated with concomitant NHP-therapeutic use may result from competing interactions at the level of the key xenobiotic-biotransforming phase I enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) or the membrane-bound ATP-dependent protein pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In this study, selected NHPs of interest to the HIV+ community were assessed for their ability to affect these two important mechanisms of drug disposition. Briefly, commercial-source teas and powdered extracts in capsule formulations were examined for their ability to inhibit CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of the coadministered reference substrate dibenzyl-fluorescein, and their ability to stimulate P-gp ATPase activity. Among the herbal capsules, it was found that aqueous extracts of two different goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis. L.) products were the most inhibitory of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism among all NHPs tested (IC50: 3.03 and 3.23 mg/mL). Goldenseal and milk thistle [Silybum marianum. (L.) Gaertn. ] teas were found to stimulate P-gp ATPase to a greater degree than the reference positive control verapamil (20 μ M). As well, 70% ethanol extracts of one goldenseal product (designated NRP 121) and aqueous extracts of another (designated NRP 17) had the highest relative P-gp ATPase activity overall. Milk thistle and goldenseal products were further analyzed for levels of their marker constituents by HPLC; silibinin and berberine in the experimental design were found to be at biologically relevant concentrations. High-throughput in vitro. studies such as the CYP3A4 inhibition and P-pg ATPase screening assays may help to determine which NHPs interact with drug disposition mechanisms, thus ensuring that the occurrence of adverse events due to competing interactions is minimized. They are useful for selecting specific NHPs, NHP formulations, phytochemicals, or drugs to be advanced to more detailed in vivo. experimental designs. Although the extrapolation of the current in vitro. findings to clinical effects may well be considered speculative, the overall in vitro. data should still be viewed as a signal of potential in vivo. interactions.
Crescentic glomerulonephritis: what’s different in South Asia? A single center observational cohort study

Background: The spectrum and outcomes of crescentic glomerulonephritis (Cr.GN) in South Asia is vastly different from that reported worldwide and there is a paucity of information. The aim of the study was to study the demography, clinical presentation, histology and predictors of longitudinal outcomes of Cr.GN in this population. Methods: An observational cohort study of renal biopsies was performed in the largest tertiary center in South India over a period of 10 years (January 2006 to December 2015) with ≥50% crescents on renal histology indicating Cr.GN. Results: A total of 8645 kidney biopsies were done; 200 (2.31%) were Cr.GN. Patients were categorized into three etiological groups: anti-glomerular basement membrane (type I), immune complex (type II), and pauci-immune (type III). Type II was the most common (96, 46.5%), followed by type III (73, 38%) and type I (31, 15.5%). Female preponderance was seen across all types. About half of all patients presented with recent onset hypertension. Type II had the highest median proteinuria (4.2 (2.1-6) g/day, p=0.06) and the median estimated glomerular filtration rate was lowest in type I (5 (4-8) ml/min/1.73m 2, p<0.001). Among type III, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis was seen only in ~50% of patients. Nearly one third of patients with type I were also positive for ANCA making them ‘double positive’. Acute glomerular insults like tuft necrosis and chronic changes as evidenced by moderate to severe interstitial fibrosis, was a predominant feature of type I. Conclusions: ANCA-negative pauci-immune vasculitis, as well as double positive Cr.GN, are reported for the first time in South-Asia. Renal survival was significantly worse in type I/III compared to type II. Types I/III, moderate to severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, presence of oliguria/anuria and increasing percentage of crescents in renal biopsy were significant predictors of end stage kidney disease in our cohort.
Bandwidth Enhancement of PIFA with Novel EBG Ground

A Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) with novel compact double-layer Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structure is presented. The upper layer of the EBG structure is formed by an interdigital structure and a cross-slot is embedded in a metal patch as the lower layer. Compared with a conventional PIFA, the simulated -10dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed PIFA is broadened by 48% with similar directivity pattern characteristics. In order to verify the simulated analysis, antenna prototypes are fabricated. From the measured results, the bandwidth has been improved from 550MHz to 800MHz, which means an expansion of 45%. The measured results basically show agreement with the simulated results, which illustrates the superiority of this PIFA with the EBG ground plane.