Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the Role of Emotional Avoidance in the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity and Worry

A growing body of literature suggests that worry is a cognitive activity functioning to avoid unpleasant internal experiences such as negative thoughts, emotions, and somatic responses. Given the highly aversive internal events associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), individuals experiencing PTSD symptoms following exposure to a traumatic event may be particularly motivated to engage in avoidant regulation strategies such as worry. Surprisingly, however, few studies to date have examined the relationship between PTSD and worry as well as potential factors that might explain this association. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the association between PTSD symptom severity and worry and the extent to which emotional avoidance explains this relationship. To this end, 207 college students with a history of traumatic exposure (meeting Criterion A for a PTSD diagnosis) completed a series of questionnaires assessing history of exposure to potentially traumatic events, PTSD symptom severity, emotional avoidance tendencies, and worry. Results demonstrated that PTSD symptom severity was positively associated with worry and emotional avoidance. Further, emotional avoidance was found to fully account for this relationship, providing support for the proposed emotionally avoidant function of worry. The implications of these findings for future research and the treatment of worry among individuals with a history of traumatic exposure are discussed.
Bayesian cure rate models induced by frailty in survival analysis

Frailty models provide a convenient way of modeling unobserved dependence and heterogeneity in survival data which, if not accounted for duly, would result incorrect inference. Gamma frailty models are commonly used for this purpose, but alternative continuous distributions are possible as well. However, with cure rate being present in survival data, these continuous distributions may not be appropriate since individuals with long-term survival times encompass zero frailty. So, we propose here a flexible probability distribution induced by a discrete frailty, and then present some special discrete probability distributions. We specifically focus on a special hyper-Poisson distribution and then develop the corresponding Bayesian simulation, influence diagnostics and an application to real dataset by means of intensive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. These illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model as well as the inferential results developed here.
Secondary electron emission measurements of dielectric window materials

Dielectric window is an important component of high power microwave (HPM) generation device, however, breakdown easily occurs on vacuum/dielectric interface when HPM passes through dielectric window. Surface breakdown limits the generation and transmission of HPM, and becomes the bottle neck of HPM technology development. Secondary electron emission (SEE) plays an important role of dielectric window breakdown, so that the paper studies SEE coefficients of several dielectric window materials including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in vacuum. The measurements are carried out by single pulsed electron beams impacting the materials with energies of 0.6keV up to 5keV. First, we can get the primary current from the single pulse impacting aluminum. Then the secondary currents emitted from the samples are measured by the collector, which is applied to positive bias voltage (+23V) for ensuring the secondary electrons are mostly captured. The SEE coefficients δ increases with pulsed electron beam energies, then reaches the maximum, and finally decreases as beam energy continues growing. The result is that SEE coefficients δ of PTFE is the lowest, PE at the highest.
Target detection with synthetic aperture radar

Target detection with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is considered. We derive generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) detection algorithms that may be used with SAR images that are obtained with coherent subtraction or have Gaussian distributions. We analytically compare the performance of (1) a single pixel detector, (2) a detector using complete knowledge of the target signature information and known orientation information, (3) a detector using incomplete knowledge of the target signature information and known orientation information (4) a detector using unknown target signature information and known orientation information, and (5) a detector using unknown target signature information and unknown orientation information.
Altered Biosynthesis of Neuropeptide Processing Enzyme Carboxypeptidase E after Brain Ischemia: Molecular Mechanism and Implication

In this study, using both in vivo and in vitro ischemia models, the authors investigated the impact of brain ischemia on the biosynthesis of a key neuropeptide-processing enzyme, carboxypeptidase E (CPE). The response to brain ischemia of animals that lacked an active CPE was also examined. Combined in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical analyses for CPE showed reciprocal changes of CPE mRNA and protein, respectively, in the same cortical cells in rat brains after focal cerebral ischemia. Western blot analysis revealed an accumulation of the precursor protein of CPE in the ischemic cortex in vivo and in ischemic cortical neurons in vitro. Detailed metabolic labeling experiments on ischemic cortical neurons showed that ischemic stress caused a blockade in the proteolytic processing of CPE. When mice lacking an active CPE protease were subjected to a sublethal episode of focal cerebral ischemia, abundant TUNEL-positive cells were seen in the ischemic cortex whereas only a few were seen in the cortex of wild-type animals. These findings suggest that ischemia has an adverse impact on the neuropeptide-processing system in the brain and that the lack of an active neuropeptide-processing enzyme exacerbates ischemic brain injury.
Device-to-device communications in the millimeter wave band: A novel distributed mechanism

In spite of its potential advantages, the large-scale implementation of the device-to-device (D2D) communications has yet to be realized, mainly due to severe interference and lack of enough bandwidth in the microwave (ßW) band. Recently, exploiting the millimeter wave (mmW) band for D2D communications has attracted considerable attention as a potential solution to these challenges. However, its severe sensitivity to blockage along with its directional nature make the utilization of the mmW band a challenging task as it requires line-of-sight (LOS) link detection and careful beam alignment between the D2D transceivers. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed mechanism which enables the D2D devices to discover unblocked LOS links for the mmW band communication. Moreover, as such LOS links are not always available, the proposed mechanism allows the D2D devices to switch to the ßW band if necessary. In addition, the proposed mechanism detects the direction of the LOS links to perform the beam alignment. We have used tools from stochastic geometry to evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism in terms of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) coverage probability. The performance of the proposed algorithm is then compared to the one of the single band (i.e., ßW/mmW) communication. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism considerably outperforms the single band communication.
Dissolved acetylene detection in power transformer oil based on near-infrared absorption spectrum method

Acetylene is seen as a symbol gas to distinguish arcing/sparking occurrence and overheat inside the power transformer. However, conventional detectors suffer from gas consumption, unrepeatable measurement and regular calibration. Based on Lambert Beer's law, this paper put forward near-infrared absorption spectrum method to detect acetylene. Experimental platform is set up in the laboratory, mainly including a tunable laser light source, two adjusted optical fiber collimators, a acetylene gas cell and a built-in InGaAs photodetector (PD). The strongest acetylene gas absorption wavelength of 1530.374 nm is determined. Results have demonstrated that it is possible to get access to dissolved acetylene by measurement of characteristic spectrum in power transformer oil with obvious advantages of time-saving and without consuming the to-be-measured gas.
The Effects of Medial and Lateral Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomies on Ankle and Subtalar Joint Pressure Distribution

We compared the pressure distribution in the ankle and posterior facet of the subtalar joint following 1 cm medial and lateral displacement calcaneal osteotomies to the pressure distribution in the intact foot. Six cadaver specimens were loaded in neutral alignment while pressure measurements were recorded. A 1-cm medial displacement osteotomy shifted the average center of force in the ankle 1.0 mm medially (p = 0.36) while a lateral displacement osteotomy shifted the center of force 1.1 mm laterally (p = 0.42). There was also a slight shift in the percentage of pressure toward the side of the talus to which the calcaneus was shifted. For the lateral displacement osteotomy, the pressure increased 4.0% in the lateral-most quadrant (p = 0.05), while the medial osteotomy increased the pressure 1.3% in the medial quadrant (p = 0.30). In the subtalar joint, a medial displacement osteotomy shifted the pressure distribution slightly medially (5.9%, p = 0.06) and more anteriorly (9.6%, p = 0.02) while the distribution was shifted laterally (5.9%, p = 0.17) and anteriorly (5.6%, p = 0.03) with a lateral displacement osteotomy. These shifts of percentage of pressure between quadrants of the joints were slight—less than 5% in the ankle and less than 10% in the subtalar joint. Significant translation of the calcaneal tuberosity appears to have only a small effect on pressure distribution in the ankle and posterior facet of the subtalar joint in a weighted cadaver model.
Left localizations of left Artinian rings

For an arbitrary left Artinian ring $R$, explicit descriptions are given of all the left denominator sets $S$ of $R$ and left localizations $S^{-1}R$ of $R$. It is proved that, up to $R$-isomorphism, there are only finitely many left localizations and each of them is an idempotent localization, i.e. $S^{-1}R\simeq S_e^{-1}R$ and ${\rm ass} (S) = {\rm ass} (S_e)$ where $S_e=\{1,e\}$ is a left denominator set of $R$ and $e$ is an idempotent. Moreover, the idempotent $e$ is unique up to a conjugation. It is proved that the number of maximal left denominator sets of $R$ is finite and does not exceed the number of isomorphism classes of simple left $R$-modules. The set of maximal left denominator sets of $R$ and the left localization radical of $R$ are described.
The autophagic tumor stroma model of cancer

A loss of stromal Cav-1 in the tumor fibroblast compartment is associated with early tumor recurrence, lymph-node metastasis, and tamoxifen-resistance, resulting in poor clincical outcome in breast cancer patients. Here, we have used Cav-1 (-/-) null mice as a pre-clinical model for this "lethal tumor micro-environment. " Metabolic profiling of Cav-1 (-/-) mammary fat pads revealed the upregulation of numerous metabolites (nearly 100), indicative of a major catabolic phenotype. Our results are consistent with the induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy/mitophagy. The two most prominent metabolites that emerged from this analysis were ADMA (asymmetric dimethyl arginine) and BHB (beta-hydroxybutyrate; a ketone body), which are markers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, respectively. Transcriptional profiling of Cav-1 (-/-) stromal cells and human tumor stroma from breast cancer patients directly supported an association with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy/mitophagy, as well as ADMA and ketone production.
Pattern-Specific Piano Exercise Retrieval

We report a system which retrieves piano exercises automatically to match patterns input by a user. The system constructs a database of exercises, indexed by representative patterns, which are extracted from MIDI files by a repeated pattern detection algorithm. An input pattern is compared with these indices using the longest common subsequence method, and the most highly-ranked matches are retrieved.
Computational Perspectives on Social Phenomena at Global Scales

The growth of social media and on-line social networks has opened up a set of fascinating new challenges and directions for researchers in both computing and the social sciences, and an active interface is growing between these areas. We discuss a set of basic questions that arise in the design and analysis of systems supporting on-line social interactions, focusing on two main issues: the role of network structure in the dynamics of social media sites, and the analysis of textual data as a way to study properties of on-line social interaction.
Infectious Diseases: A Review

Advances in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention ? f infections and developments in other branches of medicine have altered the spectrum of infections and their management. Diseases previously rare or unknown have assumed major importance, and opportunistic organisms, once regarded as lowly pathogens, have become increasingly prominent due to new surgical techniques, immunosuppression and the acquired mimune deficiency syndrome. Advances in basic science have progressed rapidly leading to an increased understanding of microbial pathogenicity and exploitation of this knowledge will stimulate new methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
Growth of Virulent and AvirulentMycobacterium tuberculosis Strains in Human Macrophages

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv causes progressive disease in animals, whereas the H37Ra strain does not. The relevance of this difference in virulence to human infection is uncertain because these strains have been shown to have similar growth rates in human macrophages. To evaluate the intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis strains in macrophages under conditions similar to those encountered in vivo, we infected human monocyte-derived macrophages with H37Ra, H37Rv, or one of four isolates from tuberculosis patients at a low bacillus-to-macrophage ratio. H37Rv and the patient isolates grew significantly faster than H37Ra, based on the numbers of CFU and acid-fast bacilli. These findings did not result from extracellular mycobacterial growth, differential macrophage viability, or bacillary clumping. In contrast to other published results, these findings indicate that the virulence characteristics ofM. tuberculosis strains in animal models are relevant to human tuberculosis infection.
Structure and Biology of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Summary Human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a modular protein comprised of three Kunitz type domains flanked by peptide segments that are less structured. The sequential order of the elements are: an N-terminal acidic region followed by the first Kunitz domain (K1), a linker region, a second Kunitz domain (K2), a second linker region, the third Kunitz domain (K3), and the C-terminal basic region. The K1 domain inhibits factor VIIa complexed to tissue factor (TF) while the K2 domain inhibits factor Xa. No direct protease inhibiting functions have been demonstrated for the K3 domain. Importantly, the Xa-TFPI complex is a much more potent inhibitor of the VIIa-TF than TFPI by itself. Furthermore, the C-terminal basic region of TFPI is required for rapid physiologic inhibition of coagulation and is needed for the inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Although a number of additional targets for attachment have been reported, the C-terminal basic region appears to play an important role in binding of TFPI to cell surfaces. A primary site of TFPI synthesis is endothelium and the endothelium-bound TFPI contributes to the antithrombotic potential of the vascular endothelium. Further, increased levels of plasma TFPI under septic conditions may represent endothelial dysfunction. We have proposed that the extravascular cells that synthesize TF also synthesize TFPI providing dual components necessary for the regulation of clotting in their microenvironment. Like the TF synthesis in these cells is augmented by serum, so is the case with the TFPI gene expression. TFPI gene knock out mice reveal embryonic lethality suggesting a possible role of this protein in early development. Since TF-induced coagulation is thought to play a significant role in many disease states, including disseminated intravascular clotting, sepsis, acute lung injury and cancer, recombinant TFPI may be a beneficial therapeutic agent in these disease states to attenuate pathologic clotting. The purpose of this review is to outline recent developments in the field related to the structural specificity and biology of TFPI.
Penicillin resistance in pneumococcal pneumonia

PREVIEW Antibiotic resistance is a potential problem around the world. Among the bacteria that cause community' acquired pneumonia (CAP), resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is a primary concern. Resistance can occur through genetic mutations in the bacterial strain itself or can be acquired through use of some anti' biotics that have a high resistance potential. In this article, Dr Cunha explores the misperceptions about antibiotic resistance and its occurrence, as well as the most appropriate therapy for CAP in the clinical setting.
On the Largest Component of the Random Graph at a Nearcritical Stage

The random graphs G(n, Pr(edge)=p), G(n, #edges=M) at the critical range p=(1+? n? 1/3)/n and M=(n/2)(1+? n? 1/3) are studied. The limiting distribution of the largest component size is determined.
Age‐specific norms for the Mini‐Mental State Exam

Article abstract—We administered the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to 194 healthy men and women, ages 40 to 89 years. Total score was significantly associated with age (p < 0.0001), but not vocabulary, education, Beck's Depression Inventory Score, or sex. The lowest quartile cutoff scores for the MMSE by decade were 40s −29; 50s −28; 60s −28; 70s −28; and 80s −26. When screening for progressive decline in cognitive performance, the use of age-specific norms may provide greater sensitivity than the present recommended cutoff score of less than 24.
Multiwavelength fiber-amplifier cascades with equalization employing Mach-Zehnder optical filter

This paper introduces a simple optimization method for determining the transmittance characteristics of an MZ filter gain equalizer required for optical networks using 980-nm or 1480-nm pumped EDFA cascades. This approach is shown capable of supporting 10 WDM signals spaced 2 nm apart over a 20-nm optical bandwidth (1540-1560 nm) up to a cascade of 10 amplifiers, allowing a total system gain of more than 150 dB with inter-channel power differences of less than 5 dB.
A low loss IGBT with shallow p-well to adjust the carrier profiles at the emitter side

In this paper, a IGBT with Shallow P-well region at the emitter side (SP-IGBT) is proposed and compared with the Injection Enhanced Gate control Transistor (IEGT). The proposed SP-IGBT structure features that there are numerous shallow p-wells locate between the segmented p-body regions. Meanwhile, the shallow p-wells are covered by the planar poly gate. As a consequence, there exist many parasitic `depletion PMOSs', and the PMOSs is also controlled by the gate. By optimizing the threshold voltage and the saturated current of the PMOSs, the carriers density in the drift region can be adjusted with high value during the on-state and low value during the turn-off process, which effectively improves the trade-off between the Eoff and the VCE, SAT. The SP-IGBT has been demonstrated by the simulations and experiments. The experiments results show that, with the blocking voltage of 1350V, the SP-IGBT structure achieves the VCE, SAT of 1.6V when the gate voltage VGE is 15V at the current density of 300A/cm2, while the Eoff is 24mJ/cm2. Compared with the conventional trench IEGT, the Eoff is improved by about 42% with the same VCE, SAT.
Rapid thermal annealing effect on crystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia gate dielectrics

Crystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) gate dielectrics have been successfully fabricated on silicon wafers. By carefully controlling the annealing condition, the crystalline YSZ gate dielectrics show promising performances following the rapid thermal annealing process. The equivalent electrical oxide thickness only increases about 2.0 A after annealing in O2 gas, while the leakage current decreases by more than two orders of magnitude compared with that of as-deposited samples. The results indicate that zirconia is potentially an alternative gate dielectrics for application in present silicon-based technology.
Influenza H1N1 A/Solomon Island/3/06 Virus Receptor Binding Specificity Correlates with Virus Pathogenicity, Antigenicity, and Immunogenicity in Ferrets

ABSTRACT Influenza viruses attach to cells via a sialic acid moiety (sialic acid receptor) that is α2-3 linked or α2-6 linked to galactose (α2-3SAL or α2-6SAL); sialic acid acts as a receptor for the virus. Using lectin staining, we demonstrated that the α2-6SAL configuration is predominant in the respiratory tract of ferrets, including trachea, bronchus, and lung alveolus tissues. Recombinant wild-type (rWT) influenza A/Solomon Island/3/06 (SI06) (H1N1) viruses were constructed to assess the impact of the hemagglutinin (HA) variations (amino acids 190 or 226) identified in natural variants on virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract of ferrets, as well as virus antigenicity and immunogenicity. A single amino acid change at residue 226 (from Gln to Arg) in the HA of SI06 resulted in the complete loss of binding to α2-6SAL and a concomitant loss of the virus's ability to replicate in the lower respiratory tract of ferrets. In contrast, the virus with Gln226 in the HA protein has a receptor binding preference for α2-6SAL and replicates efficiently in the lungs. There was a good correlation between viral replication in the lungs of ferrets and disease symptoms. In addition, we also showed that the 190 and 226 residues affected viral antigenicity and immunogenicity. Our data emphasize the necessity of thoroughly assessing wild-type influenza viruses for their suitability as reference strains and for carefully selecting the HA antigen for vaccine production during annual influenza vaccine evaluation processes.
Online Removal of Muscle Artifact from Electroencephalogram Signals Based on Canonical Correlation Analysis

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is often contaminated by electromyography (EMG). In this paper, a novel and robust technique is presented to eliminate EMG artifacts from EEG signals in real-time. First, the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method is applied on the simulated EEG data contaminated by EMG and electrooculography (EOG) artifacts for separating EMG artifacts from EEG signals. The components responsible for EMG artifacts are distinguished from those responsible for brain activity based on the relative low autocorrelation. We demonstrate that the CCA method is more suitable to reconstruct the EMG-free EEG data than independent component analysis (ICA) methods. In addition, by applying CCA to analyze a number of EEG data contaminated by EMG artifacts, a correlation threshold is determined using an unbiased procedure. Hence, CCA can be used to remove EMG artifacts automatically. Finally, an example is given to verify that, after EMG artifacts were removed successfully from the EEG data contaminated by EMG and EOG simultaneously, not only the underlying brain activity signals but the EOG artifacts are preserved with little distortion.