Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development of Iranian Historical Cities with Focus on Cultural, Historical and Architectural Identities

"Sustainable development" refers to some solutions for non-appropriate patterns in body, spatial, social, cultural and economic in order to prevent all levels and fields that lead to negative shifts. It requires considering sustainable architecture and its formation in architectural designs for in-depth knowledge of sustainable purposes. Sustainable architecture is a process which can be repeated. The conception of sustainable is related to evaluate the value of a method. This method will be faced to current protective needs through a repetitive and durable behavior.Therefore, here this process will be consideredas the same of final product.Certaintly, sustainable architecture is able to recognize that the final product may become exhausted or replaced as require. Therevival phenomenon of urban historical and cultural basis as the concept of revitalization is very important issue considered by experts and officials based on urban economic.Some discussions have been done for this phenomenon but there is not enough study and evaluation yet. Historical and cultural basis is known as a path which involves various buildings and relatively numerous for public application with architectural identity in internal and external spaces. It is as a subject forrecognitive researches. In this study tried to consider the process of sustainable development based on historical-cultural basis. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n7p647
Preliminary analysis of the diet of wild boar (Sus scrofa L., 1758) in Islamabad, Pakistan

During the present study, 117 wild boars (Sus scrofa) were killed to examine their stomach contents in Islamabad, Pakistan. Stomach contents were found to be correlated with feeding sites, plant material, and the nature of food material and items consumed from both cultivated and noncultivated lands. The major component of the wild boar's diet in Islamabad was garbage (58%), followed by dead animals (16%), while the rest of the consumed food comprised cereals, herbs, grasses, weeds, tree bark, etc. Wheat leaves were prominent in samples collected from December 2005 until March 2006, when wheat grains (seed formation stage) became the major part of diet until July; maize was also a part of the diet during the same period. A small quantity of tree bark and Zizyphus leaves were also found in the stomachs, and mesquite was heavily consumed in June and July. Several grasses and weeds appeared prominently in the diet during the period between August and November. The presence of garbage among other food items was highest in the stomach throughout the year.
Whither Global Production Networks in Economic Geography? Past, Present, and Future

We would like to thank Jamie Peck and Ros Whitehead for their efficient handling of the review process of this special issue. We are grateful to all the paper presenters and participants in the three paper sessions on “Global Production Networks” at the Philadelphia centennial meeting of the Association of American Geographers in March 2004 for their important contributions to the development of global production networks as a research paradigm in economic geography. We would also like to thank the authors who have subsequently developed their papers specifically for this special issue and waited patiently for the issue to be published. And finally, our sincere thanks to Neil Coe and Peter Dicken for their critical and constructive comments on a first draft of this essay. However, we are solely responsible for the content in this editorial.
On Market Order: Four tensions on market theories in Neo-Austrian Economics

The task of this paper is to make clear some tensions within the neo-Austrian Economics which is named after the rebirth of Austrian Economics in 1970s. The basic tenets of neo-Austrian Economics are not monolithically unified but hold various antagonistic relations. Four levels of antagonistic views can be pointed out especially among three figures of this school, namely Rothbard, Kirzner and Hayek: (1) praxeology versus theory of knowledge, (2) uncertainty bearer versus ignorance eliminator, (3) pure entrepreneur with alertness versus self-organizing activity, and (4) unhampered market versus constitutionally formed market. The first two tensions lies between perspectives of Rothbard and Kirzner. The third lies between Kirzner and Hayek. The fourth lies between Rothbard-Kirzner alliance and Hayek. Through the examination of these tensions, I shall show that the concept of “order” or “coordination” of the market is not shared among neo-Austrian Economists. At the last section, I try to respond the basic question: in what sense the concept of market order is useful if it is possible to use at all.
Potential of agroforestry systems in carbon sequestration for mitigating climate changes in Tarai region of

Carbon sequestration refers to the provision of long term storage of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere so that the buildup of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere will be reduced or slowed in order to improve environmental conditions and check the processes of environmental degradation. The experiment was initiated in October, 2005 under six different agroforestry systems, viz., S 1 : (Populus deltoides 'G-48' + wheat in block plantation), S 2 : (Eucalyptus hybrid + wheat in boundary plantation), S 3 : (Populus deltoides + wheat boundary plantation), S 4 : (Populus deltoides + lemon grass in block plantation), S 5 : (Dalbergia sissoo + wheat in block plantation) and S 6 : (Dalbergia sissoo + Lemon grass in block plantation) under nine years old block and boundary plantations of Populus deltoides and Eucalyptus hybrid and ten year old block plantation of Dalbergia sissoo with wheat (Triticum aestivum cv UP-2425) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus 'CKP-25'). The present investigation deals with effect of structural composition of agroforestry system, number of woody perennial involved in the system and the management practices plays a major role in influencing the biomass level, carbon storage, CO 2 mitigation potential and total carbon sequestration (in trees) of 70.59 tha -1 , 21.38 tha -1 , 116.29 tha -1 and 18.53 t C ha -1 in system S 1 followed by 68.53 tha
Bounds on the complex permittivity of matrix-particle composites

The complex effective dielectric constant e* of matrix–particle composites is considered. Such composites consist of separated inclusions of material of type one embedded in a matrix of material of type two. The analytic continuation method is used to derive a series of bounds which incorporate a nonpercolation assumption about the inclusions. The key step in obtaining these improved bounds is to observe that the nonpercolation assumption restricts the support of the measure in the integral representation for e* (O. Bruno, Proc. R. Soc. London A 433, 353 (1991)). The further the separation of the inclusions, the tighter the restriction on the support. The new bounds are applied to sea ice, which is assumed to consist of a pure ice matrix with random brine inclusions. Using experimental measurements of the average size and separation of the brine pockets, end points of the support of the measure can be determined, and subsequently used to find the allowed range of values of the effective dielectric constan.
Noise cancelling of MRS signals combining model-based removal of powerline harmonics and multichannel Wiener filtering

SUMMARY The fidelity of magnetic resonance sounding signals is often severely degraded by noise, primarily electrical interference from powerline harmonics and short electromagnetic discharges. In many circumstances, the noise originates from multiple sources. We show that noise cancelling can be improved if the multiple origins of noise are taken into account. In particular, a method is developed where powerline harmonics are efficiently removed through a modelbased approach. Subsequently, standard multichannel Wiener filtering can be used to provide a further noise reduction. The performance of the method depends on the distribution of noise on the particular site of measurement. Simulations on synthetic signals embedded in real noise recordings show that the combined approach can improve the signal-to-noise ratio with an accompanying improvement in retrieval of model parameters.
Controversies in Axillary Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients andMetastatic Sentinel Lymph Node

In the last two decades the treatment of breast cancer has undergone multiple modifications, evolving from aggressive surgical interventions focused on the regional control, to the multidisciplinary treatment that allows local and systemic control of the disease. An example of this was the beginning of breast conserving surgery in the eighties [1], based on adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Some studies have shown that this association of treatments is an alternative to the mastectomy [2-4] in early stage breast cancer, offering similar local recurrences rates and overall survival.
The Wage Gap and Public Support for Social Security

Faced with aging populations, tax rates on labor income rose in most industrial countries in the 1970's and 1980's, in large part to fund burgeoning social-security systems. The growth of the welfare state coincided with increased returns to education, and thus broader wage differentials between workers with relatively high levels of skills or education and those without. This paper provides a theoretical framework which connects these phenomena. We show that the aging of the population and the return to education both affect the politicaleconomy determination of tax rates and the generosity of transfers in a democratic framework. Using panel data on the United States and nine European countries, we provide supportive empirical evidence.
Believing, Bonding, Behaving, and Belonging

When approaching religion from a cross-cultural psychological perspective, one faces questions regarding the universals and the specifics of religions across cultural contexts. On the basis of previous theorization and research, the author proposes a model that posits four basic dimensions of religion and individual religiosity that are partially distinct although interconnected: believing, bonding, behaving, and belonging. These dimensions are presumably universally present across religions and cultural contexts and delimitate religion from other similar constructs. They reflect distinct psychological processes (cognitive, emotional, moral, and social), respective goals, conversion motives, types of self-transcendence, and mechanisms explaining the religion-health links. However, across cultural and religious groups, these dimensions may differ in content, salience, and ways in which they are interconnected or emphasized, leading to various forms of religiosity, including functional and dysfunctional ones. Within each dimension, there is additional universality (in structure) and cultural variability (in salience) regarding the way religious cognitions, emotions, morality, and identity are processed. This Big Four religious dimensions model may be a powerful tool for studying universals and cultural specifics of the psychological dimensions of religion.
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Aoluguya reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

Abstract The complete mitochondria genome of the reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, was determined by accurate polymerase chain reaction. The entire genome is 16,357 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and a D-loop region, all of which are arranged in a typical vertebrate manner. The overall base composition of the reindeer’s mitochondrial genome is 33.7% of A, 23.1% of C, 30.1% of T and 13.2%of G. A termination associated sequence and several conserved central sequence block domains were discovered within the control region.
The continuous route to multi-chaos.

For low-dimensional chaotic attractors there is usually a single number of unstable dimensions for all of its periodic orbits and we can say such attractors exhibit "mono-chaos". In high-dimensional chaotic attractors, trajectories are prone to travel through quite different regions of phase space, some far more unstable than others. This heterogeneity makes predictability even more difficult than in low-dimensional homogeneous chaotic attractors. A chaotic attractor is "multi-chaotic" if every point of the attractor is arbitrarily close to periodic points with different numbers of unstable dimensions. We believe that most physical systems possessing a high-dimensional attractor are of this type. We make three conjectures about multi-chaos which we explore using three two-dimensional paradigmatic examples of multi-chaotic attractors. They can be thought of as small-scale examples that give insight for real high-dimensional phenomena. We find a single route from mono-chaos to multi-chaos if an attractor changes continuously as a parameter is varied. This multi-chaos bifurcation (MCB) is a periodic orbit bifurcation; one branch of periodic orbits is created with a number of unstable dimensions that is different from the mono-chaos.
A Flexible and Modular Data Reduction Library for Fiber-fed Echelle Spectrographs

Within the ESPRESSO project a new flexible data reduction library is being built. ESPRESSO, the Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectral Observations is a fiber-fed, high-resolution, cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph. One of its main scientific goals is to search for terrestrial exoplanets using the radial velocity technique. A dedicated pipeline is being developed. It is designed to be able to reduce data from different similar spectrographs: not only ESPRESSO, but also HARPS, HARPS-N and possibly others. Instrument specifics are configurable through an input static configuration table. The first written recipes are already tested on HARPS and HARPS-N real data and ESPRESSO simulated data. The final scientific products of the pipeline will be the extracted 1-dim and 2-dim spectra. Using these products the radial velocity of the observed object can be computed with high accuracy. The library is developed within the standard ESO pipeline environment. It is being written in ANSI C and makes use of the Common Pipeline Library (CPL). It can be used in conjunction with the ESO tools Esorex, Gasgano and Reflex in the usual way.
MEASUREMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AFRICAN MANGO (Irvingia wombolu) KERNEL PEELS

Background: Oxidation of macromolecules by free radicals leads to cellular oxidative damage implicated in several chronic human diseases. Natural antioxidants have become the target of a great number of research studies. Objective: This study was aimed at assessing in vitro inhibiting effects of Irvingia wombolu peel extracts on lipid peroxidation and free radicals. Materials and methods: Phenol contents of the extracts (aqueous and hydroethanolic) was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assays. Inhibition of Fe 2+ -induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver homogenates, 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating activity, nitric oxide and hydroxyl (OH-) radical scavenging activities were evaluated. Results: Hydroethanolic extracts of peel (HEP) showed significantly higher level of phenolic compounds (228.91±35.47 mg catechin equiv/g) and exhibited the higher antioxidant activity by the FRAP assay. However, the highest scavenging activities on DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and chelating effect on ferrous ions were obtained with aqueous extract (AEP) as evidenced by low IC50 value. Ascorbate/FeSO4-induced lipid peroxidation was inhibited by AEP and HEP. Moreover, the percentage inhibition of these extracts decreased with increasing concentrations. IC50 values for AEP and HEP was found to be 0.50 mg/ml and 0.61 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 4, 148-162. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author Dr. Rosane Matsinkou Soh Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon. Article Received on 23 Jan. 2017, Revised on 13 Feb. 2017, Accepted on 07 March. 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20174-8080
Photoperiodic control of flowering time.

The rotation of the earth results in periodic changes in environmental factors such as daylength and temperature; the circadian clock is the endogenous mechanism responsible for day-length measurement, and allows plants to anticipate these fluctuations and modulate their developmental programs to maximize adaptation to those environmental cues. Flowering represents the transition from a vegetative to reproductive phase and is controlled by complex and highly regulated genetic pathways. In many plants, the time of flowering is strongly influenced by photoperiod, which synchronizes the floral transition with the favourable season of the year. Over the last decade, genetic approaches have aided the discovery of many signalling components involved in the photoperiod pathway and here, we highlight the significant progress made in identifying the molecular mechanisms that measure daylength and control flowering initiation in Arabidopsis, a long day (LD) plant, and in rice, a short day (SD) plant. Some components of the Arabidopsis regulatory network are conserved in other species, but the difference in the function of particular genes may contribute to the opposite photoperiodic flowering response observed between LD and SD plants. The specific regulatory mechanisms involved in controlling CONSTANS (CO) expression and stability by the circadian clock and the different photoreceptors will be described. In addition, the role of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), as part of the florigen, and several other light signalling and circadian-dependent components in photoperiodic flowering will be also discussed.
The Multifactorial Nature of Retinal Vascular Disease

Retinal vascular disease is the most common cause of macular edema (ME). While there are several etiologies of vascular compromise and subsequent macular leakage, diabetic retinopathy is the most prevalent and continues to challenge ophthalmologists and frustrate patients due to its refractory nature. In response to this epidemic, diabetic ME (DME) along with cystoid ME (CME) have been areas of active investigation both in the clinic and the laboratory. Several decades of basic science research have revealed a growing and complex array of cytokine growth factors and proinflammatory mediators which are capable of inciting the cellular changes that result in accumulation of fluid within the retina. Much of this new molecular foundation provides the current and fundamental scaffold for understanding the pathologic process of ME while simultaneously identifying potential therapeutic targets. Whereas CME has classically been treated with corticosteroids and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, recent clinical studies have demonstrated improved visual outcomes for DME treatment with light focal/grid laser, corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibodies. Yet, each of these treatments has differential effects on the multifactorial mechanisms of ME. This article reviews the anatomical, cellular and molecular derangements associated with ME and highlights specific pathways targeted by current treatments.
Gender ideology: The last barrier to women’s participation in political consumerism?

In this article, we analyze how gender affects women’s political participation. More specifically, we test the effect of gender ideology on young women’s participation in political consumerism. The current literature suggests different reasons to explain the gap in political participation between men and women, most importantly focusing on socioeconomic resources, gender roles, and political socialization, whereas little attention has been devoted to the individual interpretation of a woman and man’s own role in society. We test the effects of gender ideology on political consumerism, a form in which women participate more than men. We analyze political consumerism among young urban women, the population most likely to hold an egalitarian gender ideology. Moreover, we compare young women with different job conditions. Although the gender gap is closing or reversing in regard to specific forms of participation, such as consumerism, some inequalities remain, and our study contributes to understanding differences in participation among women themselves.
HCV Genotypes and Risk factors; Current Scenario in Pakistan

Worldwide, there are about 3.3 % victims of Hepatitis C virus. Burden of the disease is increasing at alarming rate in developing countries like Pakistan. Prevalence rate of Hepatitis C (HCV) in Pakistan is from 4.5% to 8 % (about 10 million people), that is second highest in the world. The aim of this article is to discuss the HCV genotypes and factors responsible for its transmission in Pakistan. Literature regarding topic was searched from Pubmed and PakMediNet using key words; Hepatitis C virus, Factor responsible for HCV transmissions and HCV genotypes in Pakistan. Thirty-Five studies were included and discussed in this article and it was found that Genotype 3a was most prevalent genotype in Pakistani population. The data revealed that main causes of HCV transmission in the country are; injectable drug addictions, habits of visiting barbers shops for shave purposes, unscreened blood transfusion, multiple uses of single needle or syringe and dental operational procedures performed by quacks and non-professionals. In Pakistan, there is a dire need of awareness programs regarding HCV transmission to reduce the disease burden.
DOA and Polarization Estimation for Non-Circular Signals in 3-D Millimeter Wave Polarized Massive MIMO Systems

In this article, a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) based algorithm is proposed for two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation of non-circular signals in three-dimensional (3-D) millimeter wave polarized massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The traditional MUSIC-based algorithms can estimate either the DOA and polarization for circular signals or the DOA for non-circular signals by using spectrum search. By contrast, based on the quaternion theory, a novel algorithm named quaternion non-circular MUSIC (QNC-MUSIC) is proposed for parameter estimation of non-circular signals with high estimation accuracy. Moreover, only the DOA estimation needs spectrum search, and the polarization estimation has a closed-form expression. First, the DOA estimation can be achieved based on the derivation principle. Then the closed-form expression of the polarization estimation can be obtained based on the chain rule of the derivation w.r. t. the polarization parameters. In addition, the computational complexity analysis shows that compared with the conventional DOA and polarization estimation algorithms, our proposed QNC-MUSIC has much lower computational complexity, especially when the source number is large. The stochastic Cramér-Rao Bound (CRB) for the estimation of the 2-D DOA and polarization parameters of the non-circular signals is derived as well. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can improve the parameter estimation performance when large-scale/massive MIMO systems are employed.