Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of “Vortical” Hot Towers in the Formation of Tropical Cyclone Diana (1984)

Abstract A high-resolution (3-km horizontal grid spacing) near-cloud-resolving numerical simulation of the formation of Hurricane Diana (1984) is used to examine the contribution of deep convective processes to tropical cyclone formation. This study is focused on the 3-km horizontal grid spacing simulation because this simulation was previously found to furnish an accurate forecast of the later stages of the observed storm life cycle. The numerical simulation reveals the presence of vortical hot towers, or cores of deep cumulonimbus convection possessing strong vertical vorticity, that arise from buoyancy-induced stretching of local absolute vertical vorticity in a vorticity-rich prehurricane environment. At near-cloud-resolving scales, these vortical hot towers are the preferred mode of convection. They are demonstrated to be the most important influence to the formation of the tropical storm via a two-stage evolutionary process: (i) preconditioning of the local environment via diabatic production of mul.
Numerical approaches in a problem of management of hydroelectric resources

In this paper we consider a simplified model for a system of hydro-electric power stations with reversible turbines. The objective of our work is to obtain the optimal profit of power production satisfying restrictions on the water level in the reservoirs. Two different numerical approaches are applied and compared. These approaches centers on a global optimization technique (Chen-Burer algorithm) and on a Projection Estimation Refinement method (Bushenkov’ PER method) used to reduce the dimension of the problem.
Efficiency of gas cooling and accretion at the disc-corona interface

In star-forming galaxies, stellar feedback can have a dual effect on the circumgalactic medium both suppressing and stimulating gas accretion. The trigger of gas accretion can be caused by disc material ejected into the halo in the form of fountain clouds and by its interaction with the surrounding hot corona. Indeed, at the disc-corona interface, the mixing between the cold/metal-rich disc gas (T ≲ 104 K) and the hot coronal gas (T ≳ 106 K) can dramatically reduce the cooling time of a portion of the corona and produce its condensation and accretion. We studied the interaction between fountain clouds and corona in different galactic environments through parsec-scale hydrodynamical simulations, including the presence of thermal conduction, a key mechanism that influences gas condensation. Our simulations showed that the coronal gas condensation strongly depends on the galactic environment, in particular it is less efficient for increasing virial temperature/mass of the haloes where galaxies reside and it is fully ineffective for objects with virial masses larger than 1013 M⊙. This result implies that the coronal gas cools down quickly in haloes with low-intermediate virial mass (Mvir ≲ 3 × 1012 M⊙) but the ability to cool the corona decreases going from late-type to early-type disc galaxies, potentially leading to the switching off of accretion and the quenching of star formation in massive systems.
A systematic literature review on natural language processing in business process identification and modeling

Business Process Management (BPM) has received increasing attention in the recent years. Many organizations have been adapting their business to a process-centered view and fomenting the continuous improvement philosophy, since they began to notice the potential to reduce costs, improve productivity and achieve higher levels of quality. Such organizations have discovered that the implementation of BPM is potentially highly time consuming and expensive and may lead to process models that do not comply with the reality of business. In this context, automation of process identification and discovery and reliable methods to measure and achieve process quality are highly desired. The application of Natural Language Processing techniques to generate process models from unstructured text emerged as an alternative to achieve the expectations. NLP tools are able to decrease the time consumed by process designers and analysts in the process elicitation phase, hence reducing the costs of the process for the company. In this study, a systematic literature review in preparation and processing of natural language text aiming the extraction of business processes and process quality assurance will be provided. The study presents techniques applied to the BPM life-cycle phases of Process Identification, Process Discovery and Process Analysis and tools to support Process Discovery. The results of the present study would be valuable to support research in extraction of business process models from natural language text.
Do Tibial Eminence Fractures and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Have Similar Outcomes?

Background: Avulsion fractures involving the tibial eminence are considered equivalent in terms of the cause to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears; however, there are limited data comparing the outcomes of adolescent patients undergoing surgical fixation of a tibial eminence fracture (TEF) with those undergoing ACL reconstruction. Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes, subsequent ACL injury rates, and activity levels between adolescent patients who underwent TEF fixation with patients with midsubstance ACL tears who required acute reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included a group of patients with TEFs treated with surgical fixation matched to a group of similar patients with ACL tears treated with reconstruction between the years 2001 and 2015. Data regarding the initial injury, surgical intervention, ACL/ACL graft injury rates, and physical examination findings were recorded. Clinical and functional outcomes were obtained using a physical examination, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, the Lysholm score, and the Tegner activity score. Results: Sixty patients with a mean follow-up of 57.7 months (range, 24-206 months) were included; 20 patients (11 male, 9 female; mean age, 11.9 years [range, 7-15 years]) who underwent surgical fixation for a TEF were matched to a group of 40 patients (23 male, 17 female; mean age, 12.5 years [range, 8-5 years]) who underwent reconstruction for ACL tears. The TEF group demonstrated significantly lower postoperative IKDC scores (TEF group, 94.0; ACL group, 97.2; P = .04) and Lysholm scores (TEF group, 92.4; ACL group, 96.9; P = .02). The TEF group returned to sport 119 days sooner (P < .01), but there was no difference in postoperative Tegner scores (TEF group, 7.3; ACL group, 7.6; P = .16). The TEF group demonstrated increased postoperative anterior laxity (P = .02) and a higher rate of postoperative arthrofibrosis (P = .04). There was no difference in subsequent ACL injuries (P = .41). Conclusion: Both groups demonstrated quality outcomes at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patients with TEFs demonstrated lower mean clinical outcome scores compared with patients with ACL tears, but the differences were less than reported minimal clinically important difference values. Additionally, the TEF group experienced more postoperative anterior laxity and had a higher rate of postoperative arthrofibrosis. There was no difference in the rate of subsequent ACL injuries. The TEF group returned to sport sooner than the ACL group, but the postoperative activity levels were similar.
Social and ethical implications of psychiatric classification for low- and middle-income countries

With the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, and the ongoing revision of the International Classification of Diseases, currently 10th edition, it is timely to consider the wider societal implications of evolving psychiatric classification, especially within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The author reviewed developments in psychiatric classification, especially the move from categorical to dimensional approaches based on biobehavioural phenotypes. While research supports this move, there are several important associated ethical challenges. Dimensional classification runs the risk of ‘medicalising’ a range of normality; the broadening of some definitions and the introduction of new disorders means more people are likely to attract psychiatric diagnoses. Many LMICs do not have the political, social, legal and economic systems to protect individuals in society from the excesses of medicalisation, thus potentially rendering more citizens vulnerable to forms of stigma, exploitation and abuse, conducted in the name of medicine and psychiatry. Excessive medicalisation within such contexts is also likely to worsen existing disparities in healthcare and widen the treatment gap, as inappropriate diagnosis and treatment of mildly ill or essentially normal people has an impact on health budgets and resources, leading to relative neglect of those with genuine, severe psychiatric disorders. In an era of evolving psychiatric classification, those concerned for, and involved in, global mental health should be critically self-reflective of all aspects of the modern psychiatric paradigm, especially changes in classification systems, and should alert the global profession to the sociopolitical, economic and cultural implications of changing nosology for LMIC regions of the world.
Connectivity mechanisms in a population complex of coastal cod

Coastal marine species with pelagic egg and larval stages, such as the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, can be structured into genetically distinct local populations on a surprisingly small geographic scale considering their dispersal potential. Mechanisms responsible for such small-scale genetic structure may involve homing of adults to their natal spawning grounds, but also local retention of pelagic eggs and larvae. For example, spawning within sheltered fjord habitats is expected to favour local retention of early life stages. Here, we studied the distribution of cod eggs along inshore– offshore transects in 20 Norwegian fjords. The general pattern exhibited across all fjords was a higher concentration of cod eggs inside the fjords than further offshore. In particular, fjords with shallow sills (model threshold 37 m) show an abrupt reduction in egg density over the sill. This study provides empirical support for an offspring retention hypothesis, which may help to explain the maintenance of local population structure in pelagic marine systems.
Eigensensitivity analysis for symmetric nonviscously damped systems with repeated eigenvalues

An efficient algorithm is derived for computation of eigenvalue and eigenvector derivatives of symmetric nonviscously damped systems with repeated eigenvalues. In the proposed method, the mode shape derivatives of the nonviscously damped systems are divided into a particular solution and a homogeneous solution. A simplified method is given to calculate the particular solution by solving a linear equation with non-singularity coefficients, the method is numerically stable and efficient compared to previous methods since the coefficient matrix is non-singularity and numerically stable. The homogeneous solution are computed by the second order derivative of eigenequation. One numerical example is used to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.
Public-key image steganography using discrete cosine transform and quadtree partition vector quantization coding

A public-key image hiding scheme is proposed to offer safe exchange of a stego image on the Internet. In the proposed scheme, the secret image is first compressed by quadtree partition vector quantiza- tion (QPVQ) coding into the indices bit stream, which is then embedded into the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of the cover image. In the em- bedding process, adaptive quantization and appropriate DCT coefficients are used to enhance the imperceptibility of the stago image. On the other hand, the Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) algorithm is hired to pro- vide the mechanism of a public-key system for secure communication on the Internet. Our proposed method has two advantages compared with other data hiding techniques. One is the high safety and convenience offered by the RSA system to exchange data on the Internet. The other is that the stego image can pass through high-quality Joint Photograph Experts Group (JPEG) compression without noticeable degradation. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Robust Control for Virtual Compound-Axis Servo System

A structure mode of virtual compound-axis servo system is proposed to improve the tracking accuracy of the ordinary optoelectric tracking platform. It is based on the structure and principles of compound-axis servo system. A hybrid position control scheme combining the PD controller and feed-forward controller is used in subsystem to track the tracking error of the main system. This paper analyzes the influences of the equivalent disturbance in main system and proposes an adaptive sliding mode robust control method based on the improved disturbance observer. The sliding mode technique helps this disturbance observer to deal with the uncompensated disturbance in high frequency by making use of the rapid switching control value, which is based on the subtle error of disturbance estimation. Besides, the high-frequency chattering is alleviated effectively in this proposal. The effectiveness of the proposal is confirmed by experiments on optoelectric tracking platform.
Performing tourism, staging tourism

This article explores the metaphor of performance to investigate how tourism can be conceived as a set of activities, imbricated with the everyday, whereby conventions are reinforced and broken. By looking at the contexts in which tourism is regulated, directed and choreographed or, alternatively, is a realm of improvisation and contestation, I will consider the constraints and opportunities which shape the ways in which tourist space (here considered as ‘stages’) and performance are reproduced, challenged, transformed and bypassed. A range of examples will be used to exemplify the ways in which tourism is staged and performed. I will also focus on how the global proliferation of tourist practices and attractions acts to theme tourist space in highly commodified ways and simultaneously decentre normative modes of performing tourism.
A Comparative Information Visualization Approach to Physically-Based Rendering

In this work we present a novel information visualization framework to gain insight into the light transport in a physically-based rendering setting. The framework consists of a sampling-based data reduction technique, an extended interactive parallel coordinates plot that provides an overview of the attributes linked to each light sample, 2D and 3D heat maps to represent different aspects of the rendering process, as well as a three-dimensional view to display and animate the light path transportation throughout the scene. Furthermore the interactivity of the visualizations enables users to guide the rendering process. We show several applications that make use of the presented framework, including differential light transport visualization to optimize lighting in a scene, thereby improving the rendering times when changing scene properties and finding and resolving rendering bottlenecks.
The Incidence and Etiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Patients under the Age of 18 in the State of Wisconsin

Background: ACL injuries can have long-term effects on the musculoskeletal system, causing early osteoarthritis, and are of particular concern in children and adolescents as competitive sports participation increases. Purpose: The objective of this paper was to determine the incidence and characteristics of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstructions in children in the state of Wisconsin. Methods: Wisconsin Hospital Association inpatient and ambulatory surgery data from January 2006 through December 2010 was used to identify the number of ACL reconstructions performed in pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age in the State of Wisconsin. Incidence rates were computed using US Census Bureau Population Estimates. A retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age who underwent an ACL reconstruction at a single tertiary care pediatric center to abstract injury causation information. Results: Between 2006 and 2010, 4059 ACL reconstructions occurred in pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age in Wisconsin. The incidence of ACL reconstructions averaged 56.7 per 100,000 children per year. The mean age over the five years of the study was 15.4-15.9 for both males and females. ACL reconstructions increased significantly by an average of 6% each year, with females 40% more likely than males to have had a reconstruction, and older children significantly more likely to have reconstruction than children 0-11 years old (12-13 years incidence rate ratio=20.1; 14-17 years incidence rate ratio=123.0). Among the chart reviewed cases, sixty-eight percent of ACL tears occurred during organized sporting activities and 68% were caused by a non-contact injury. Conclusion: ACL tears increased significantly in Wisconsin children from 2006 to 2010. Interventions to prevent ACL injuries in children need to be developed and tested and better tracking of injuries is needed to increase understanding of risk.
'My' Brand or 'Our' Brand: The Effects of Brand Relationship Dimensions and Self-Construal on Brand Evaluations

Consumer-brand relationships can be formed based on individual- or group-level connections. For example, a consumer's relationship with a Mercedes may be based on the desire to express individual-level unique identity (e.g., self-concept connection), whereas a relationship with a local brand (e.g., Ford) may be based on a group-level patriotic national identity (e.g., country-of-origin connection). We suggest that the effects of self-concept connection and brand country-of-origin connection vary based on self-construal. Results across two studies reveal that, under independent self-construal, self-concept connection is more important. Under interdependent self-construal, brand country-of-origin connection is more important. (c) 2007 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc.
Assessing Self- and Peer-assessment: The students' views

Self- and peer-assessment are being used increasingly in higher education, to help assign grades to students' work and to help students to learn more effectively. However, in spite of this trend there is little in the published literature on how students view these methods. In this paper we present an analysis of the views of a large number of students (N = 233) who had just experienced self- and peer-feedback as part of one of their subjects. It is a rarely questioned commonplace in the literature that in order to gain benefit from peer and self-assessment schemes students first need training in the specific scheme being used; ideally they will play a role in devising the scheme. The intervention reported here, which involved a large (N = 233) group of students, included no such measures. The results show that students felt, nonetheless, that they benefited from the intervention. The results also present prima facie evidence that training or other measures to further involve the students in the peer and self-assessment scheme might be beneficial. Our analysis of students' views revealed eight general dimensions under which are grouped twenty higher order themes. The results both support and extend previous research and give a more detailed picture than previously available. The general dimensions found were: Difficult; Gained Better Understanding of Marking; Discomfort; Productive (including learning benefits and improved work); Problems with Implementation; Read Others' Work; Develop Empathy (with assessing staff); and, Motivation (especially motivation to impress peers). The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
TRUST, ANTECEDENT AND CONSEQUENCE IN ONLINE SHOPPINGCONTEXT: TESTING THE ROLE OF E-WOM AS MODERATING EFFECT

This study tried to investigate the important variables that affect trust and the impact of trust on consumer purchase intentions in the context of online shopping. This study also examined the role of word of mouth communication as a moderating variable in the relationship between trust and consumer purchase intentions. Data was collected through a survey with a sample of 210 respondents and used purposive sampling method. By using regression analysis, it was found that corporate image significantly influence online trust. Second, the financial and social relationship marketing significantly effect on consumer online trust, while structural relationship marketing has no effect on consumer online trust. Furthermore, online trust significantly influence on online consumer purchase intention. The role of negative e-wom as moderating variable is weaken the relationship between online trust and purchase intention, but positive word of mouth communication does not strengthen the relationship between online trust and repurchase intention.
Utilizing Multiple-Angle Histogram ( MAH ) For Baseline Detection Of Arabic

Automatic baseline detection of handwritten Arabic words is a crucial task for OCR. It is extensively used in many preprocessing processes such as text normalization, skew/slant correction, and letters segmentation. Due to its importance, many techniques and algorithms were proposed in the literature to meet this need. However, most of the proposed methods cannot correctly detect the baseline of words that are skewed, short, have stacked-letters, and/or have unbalanced letters sizes. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a novel approach and algorithm that is capable of correctly detect the baseline of handwritten Arabic words regardless of any challenges involved in the word. The paper also verified the proposed approach via implementing it in a C code program and then applied it to the AHDB dataset. The obtained results show a successful rate more than 98%.
Determining the Dust Composition of GRB Host Galaxies

Gamma ray burst (GRB) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are typically fit with a dust extinction template with pre-determined graphite-to-silicate ratios (see Figure 1) to extract the approximate dust composition. These templates are an oversimplification of composition and often rely on non-physical fitting parameters. We instead propose a model that allows for the ratio of graphite to silicate to vary, enabling us to detect smaller amounts of graphite in GRB host galaxies than previously determined with physical model parameters relying on fixed ratios of graphite to silicate column densities. Data from the literature was used to construct GRB SEDs. The optical depths of astronomical silicates and graphite were calculated for a typical size distribution of dust particles and fit to the SEDs using our fitting function. A linear regression produced the best-fit and errors to the dust column densities.