Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Monte Carlo study of fluorescence generation probability in a two-layered tissue model

It was recently reported that the time-resolved measurement of diffuse reflectance and/or fluorescence during injection of an optical contrast agent may constitute a basis for a technique to assess cerebral perfusion. In this paper, we present results of Monte Carlo simulations of the propagation of excitation photons and tracking of fluorescence photons in a two-layered tissue model mimicking intra- and extracerebral tissue compartments. Spatial 3D distributions of the probability that the photons were converted from excitation to emission wavelength in a defined voxel of the medium (generation probability) during their travel between source and detector were obtained for different optical properties in intra- and extracerebral tissue compartments. It was noted that the spatial distribution of the generation probability depends on the distribution of the fluorophore in the medium and is influenced by the absorption of the medium and of the fluorophore at excitation and emission wavelengths. Simulations were also carried out for realistic time courses of the dye concentration in both layers. The results of the study show that the knowledge of the absorption properties of the medium at excitation and emission wavelengths is essential for the interpretation of the time-resolved fluorescence signals measured on the surface of the head.
Theory of value co-creation: a systematic literature review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarize and classify extant research and to better understand the past, present, and future state of the theory of value co-creation. Its main objectives are: to identify the different theoretical perspectives and research streams that characterize and define the co-creation literature, and to highlight the connections between them; to look for emerging trends and gaps in the literature by comparing the most recent papers with those representing the field's core. Design/methodology/approach – The paper relies on bibliometric data: co-citation techniques were employed to select, analyze, and interpret citation patterns within the co-creation literature. Findings – The paper identified two main clusters, as well as specific research streams and common themes, representing scholarly journals’ publications on co-creation over the past years. These research streams and themes apply three different theoretical perspectives: service science, innovation and technology m.
Study on evaluation method for FMCW radar using EM simulation

This paper proposed the test setup for performance evaluation of an FMCW radar. The test setup includes multiple targets with different velocities, which represents the boundary of a certain detection region. The surrounding environments, such as the position and direction of the antenna arrays and ground conditions are also included in the test setup. The metric for evaluation of the detection performance is then defined as a cost function that utilizes the amplitude of each boundary target on a range-Doppler image. Using the proposed test setup and the cost function, the antenna HPBW is optimized and the results demonstrate the method is suitable for performance evaluation of the FMCW radar.
Rapture in the Cartesian Wall between Real World Entities and their Abstract Models

This short paper envisages that the advancements made with respect to Big Data (BD), High Performance Computing, etc. would give rise to a new paradigm of concrete information models, which would closely replicate the real world and the consequences such as self-verifying information models, BD warehouses as intermediaries between data sources and information systems, etc.
Overview of ImageCLEFlifelog 2017: Lifelog Retrieval and Summarization

Despite the increasing number of successful related work- shops and panels, lifelogging has rarely been the subject of a rigorous comparative benchmarking exercise. Following the success of the new lifelog evaluation task at NTCIR-12, the first ImageCLEF 2017 LifeLog task aims to bring the attention of lifelogging to a wide audience and to promote research into some of the key challenges of the coming years. The ImageCLEF 2017 LifeLog task aims to be a comparative evaluation framework for information access and retrieval systems operating over personal lifelog data. Two subtasks were available to participants; all tasks use a single mixed modality data source from three lifeloggers for a period of about one month each. The data contains a large collection of wearable camera images, an XML description of the semantic locations, as well as the physical activities of the lifeloggers. Additional visual concept information was also provided by exploiting the Caffe CNN-based visual concept detector. For the two sub-tasks, 51 topics were chosen based on the real interests of the lifeloggers. In this first year three groups participated in the task, submitting 19 runs across all subtasks, and all participants also provided working notes papers. In general, the groups performance is very good across the tasks, and there are interesting insights into these very relevant challenges.
Controller design and motion compensation for marine towed bodies

At sea, a vessel is subjected to waves. If the ship is towing a submerged body containing sensory equipment, then any ship motion at the surface can impart unwanted disturbances on the towed body via the tow line. To help compensate for these disturbances, a winch on-board the host vessel can be operated in response to the surface ship's motion by reeling in or reeling out the tow line. A corresponding method, however, is needed to determine how much cable the winch controller should pay in or out to effectively attenuate unwanted towed-body motion. This paper, therefore, proposes and explores four different approaches that, using various combinations of sensor measurements such as ship inertial measurement unit data and measured tow-line angle, can be used to try to establish appropriate winch control actions for motion compensation of marine towed bodies. Small-scale towed-body experiments using a spherical tow body as well as computer simulations are carried out to test the control approaches and, by analyzing the corresponding motion reduction achieved by each of these winch control strategies, the most effective method is identified.
Retinoids Activate Superoxide Production by Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes

Retinol and retinoic acid were effective activators of oxygen consumption by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in micromolar concentrations. In contrast, retinyl acetate was ineffective as an activator. Retinol caused activation only after a lag lime, the length of which depended on retinol concentration. Oxygen consumption was due to Superoxide production by PMN. Superoxide production was observed as Superoxide dismutase‐inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Previously, retinoids have been reported lo inhibit PMN activation by phorhol myristate acetate, a tumour promoter. This retinoid‐induced inhibition of PMN activation has been suggested to be a mechanism by which retinoids may protect against carcinogenesis in animals. However, the retinoid concentra‐lions at which PMN inhibition was reported were much higher than those found to cause activation in this study. We found lhat retinoic acid slightly inhibited phorbol myristate acetate‐activated Superoxide production, but only at concentrations that caused activation. In contrast, activation by formyl‐Met‐Lcu‐Phe was effectively inhibited at a retinoic acid concentration that did not cause activation by itself.
Organization Design for Knowledge Transfer in Alliances

With increasing globalization, competitive landscape has undergone tremendous change. To cope up with turbulent environmental demands, firms are entering into alliances to bridge capability gap. However, movement from skill substitution to capability development requires firms to adopt organizational learning approach and to do so require organization reconfiguration. So far, literature has paid little attention to organizational redesign in response to the requirement of learning and developing capabilities. In a Joint venture, three actors are involved; Parent firm with capability, joint venture and parent firm seeking capability. This paper looks at issue of organizational learning and redesign from the perspective of parent firm seeking capabilities. An integrated framework is developed with addresses issue of identification of learning level and maps it with level of interface, control, and process orientation. Based on this framework, appropriate organizational design criteria to accomplish specific learning task processes can be formed for effective and targeted yet stable learning depending on the context.
Toward a Theory of Marketing Control: Environmental Context, Control Types, and Consequences

Historically, marketing control research has involved either the development of output-oriented financial controls or the analysis of how financial controls affect performance. This work on marketing control is limited in that it (1) has focused primarily on the control of marketing plans/activities, not on the control of marketing personnel, (2) fails to capture all controls operating within the marketing unit, (3) does not consider environmental conditions that both influence the use and moderate the effects of controls, and (4) ignores the behavioral and psychological impact of controls on individuals. To overcome these limitations, a theory integrating environmental context, controls, and the consequences of controls is proposed. Previous research is categorized within the framework, relevant propositions are advanced, and directions for future research are proposed.
Structural basis for DNA recognition and loading into a viral packaging motor

Genome packaging into preformed viral procapsids is driven by powerful molecular motors. The small terminase protein is essential for the initial recognition of viral DNA and regulates the motor’s ATPase and nuclease activities during DNA translocation. The crystal structure of a full-length small terminase protein from the Siphoviridae bacteriophage SF6, comprising the N-terminal DNA binding, the oligomerization core, and the C-terminal β-barrel domains, reveals a nine-subunit circular assembly in which the DNA-binding domains are arranged around the oligomerization core in a highly flexible manner. Mass spectrometry analysis and four further crystal structures show that, although the full-length protein exclusively forms nine-subunit assemblies, protein constructs missing the C-terminal β-barrel form both nine-subunit and ten-subunit assemblies, indicating the importance of the C terminus for defining the oligomeric state. The mechanism by which a ring-shaped small terminase oligomer binds viral DNA has not previously been elucidated. Here, we probed binding in vitro by using EPR and surface plasmon resonance experiments, which indicated that interaction with DNA is mediated exclusively by the DNA-binding domains and suggested a nucleosome-like model in which DNA binds around the outside of the protein oligomer.
Investigation of Factors Influencing Students' Intentions to Use the Internet: Jordanian Universities Context

The increasing use of information technology (IT) applications within universities context increases the importance of exploring cognitive and psychological factors that might influence successful introduction and usage of IT. Consideration of these factors including students' intention to use IT is receiving a huge interest in recent literature to avoid what so called the technological disenfranchisement. Accordingly, the present study investigates certain attitudinal factors that may influence the students' (beneficiary) intentions to use the Internet. The factors investigated in this study include perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, self-efficacy, and privacy. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to framework these factors within the context of Jordanian universities as an example from a developing countries context where the scarce of the available literature is a major concern. The findings of this study emphasis the importance of perceived usefulness, user's self-efficacy and privacy as determinants for students' intentions to use the Internet. Other factors including perceived ease of use and trust were excluded from the proposed framework due to their none significant effect on students' intentions to use the Internet.
Review on “Evolution of Methods of Bilirubin Estimation”

Bilirubin is an end product of heme metabolism, which is under disposal of tissues like liver, intestine and kidney. Clinically hyperbilirubinemia appears as jaundice or icterus. Jaundice can usually be detected when the serum bilirubin level exceeds 2.0 to 2.5 mg/dl. Determination of total and direct bilirubin levels helps the physician to know the underlying pathogenic mechanism. Hence accurate and unbiased estimation of bilirubin becomes mandatory. The problem of finding an accurate and specific method of bilirubin assay has been a challenge for over 50 years for many workers. Historically, Ehrlich in 1883 treated bilirubin in urine with diazo reagent and described formation of a red – blue coloured pigment. Later, Van den Bergh and Muller found that bilirubin in normal serum reacted with Ehrlich's diazo reagent (diazotized sulfanilic acid). We shall discuss here the further evolution of methods of bilirubin estimation till the modern era and also will cover the various aspects of interpretation and quality control measures. Key WordsBilirubin, Biliverdin, Urobilinogen, Diazo, hepatitis.
Career Competencies And Career Success Of Thai Employees In Tourism And Hospitality Sector

This research assesses the relationship between career competencies and career success of Thai employees in the tourism and hospitality sector. The authors distinguished and operationalized four career competencies, i.e. computer and language skills, work spirits and ethics, team working and leadership, and tourism and hospitality knowledge and skills, and two career successes, i.e. objective and subjective career successes. A quantitative study was performed using 800 employees in four industries, i.e. restaurant, hotel, travel and tour operation, and airline business. Pearson correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze data. The results indicate that career competencies have moderately positive relation with career success. Furthermore, three career competencies, i.e. computer and language skills, team work and leadership, and tourism and hospitality knowledge and skills have effect on career success. The results are discussed with respect to facilitate organization’s training programs, which enhance employees’ career success.
Free testosterone measurement by the analog displacement direct assay: old concerns and new evidence.

Fritz and coworkers (1) have provided data arguing against the validity of a popular analog-based direct assay for free testosterone (T). Their rigorous dissection of characteristics of the assay and use of carefully defined solutions demonstrates that the assay correlates generally with total T but does not measure dialyzable T; this observation is consistent with prior reservations about this class of assay by reported by the Endocrine Society (2)(3) and of other investigators (4)(5)(6). Testosterone circulates in the blood of men and women in several forms. It is bound tightly to sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), loosely to albumin, and unbound to proteins (free) (7). In most, but not all, clinical conditions, a measurement of total T is adequate for the evaluation of a patient. It is widely believed that the SHBG-bound T is not readily available to most tissues, whereas albumin-bound and free T are bioavailable. Because SHBG concentrations can be influenced by many factors (e.g., decreased by obesity, testosterone treatment, and hyperandrogenic female conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and increased by aging, pregnancy, and estrogen therapy), there are clinical situations in which measured concentrations of total T may not reflect the bioavailable concentrations or the clinical status of the patient (3)(7)(8). In these circumstances a supplemental test assessing bioavailable or free T will be helpful in clinical decision-making. Free T has been estimated for some time by dialyzing serum across a semipermeable membrane under …
Three-dimensional cell migration does not follow a random walk

Significance The motility of cells in the absence of gradients has long been described in terms of random walks. Most of what we know about eukaryotic cell migration has stemmed from well-controlled studies of cell migration on flat dishes. However, cells in vivo often move through 3D environments. Despite this difference, cell speed and persistence are typically extracted from fits using the same persistence random walk (PRW) model. This paper shows that the assumptions of the PRW model are erroneous for 3D cell migration. We introduce and validate a new model of 3D cell migration that takes into account cell heterogeneity and the anisotropic movements induced by local remodeling of the 3D matrix. Cell migration through 3D extracellular matrices is critical to the normal development of tissues and organs and in disease processes, yet adequate analytical tools to characterize 3D migration are lacking. Here, we quantified the migration patterns of individual fibrosarcoma cells on 2D substrates and in 3D collagen matrices and found that 3D migration does not follow a random walk. Both 2D and 3D migration features a non-Gaussian, exponential mean cell velocity distribution, which we show is primarily a result of cell-to-cell variations. Unlike in the 2D case, 3D cell migration is anisotropic: velocity profiles display different speed and self-correlation processes in different directions, rendering the classical persistent random walk (PRW) model of cell migration inadequate. By incorporating cell heterogeneity and local anisotropy to the PRW model, we predict 3D cell motility over a wide range of matrix densities, which identifies density-independent emerging migratory properties. This analysis also reveals the unexpected robust relation between cell speed and persistence of migration over a wide range of matrix densities.
THE ROLE OF QUALITY INSURANCE SERVICES ON AMOUNT OF INSURED WILLINGNESS BASED ON THE SERVQUAL MODEL

This study was conducted aims to evaluate the quality of insurance services on insured interest rate based on the SERVQUAL model in the Sina insurance branch in Gilan (2013). For this purpose, is performed analysis of results after sampling from statistical population 468 individuals and implementation of the tool on a sample size number of 210 use descriptive statistics methods and testing inferential statistics bivariate and multivariate regression than describe. The results showed that : 1. Insurance services quality has an impact on willingness of insurance makers 2. Insurance services guaranteed has an impact on willingness of insurance makers 3. Insurance services trust to staff has an impact on willingness of insurance makers 4. Insurance services response has an impact on willingness of insurance makers 5. Insurance services physical size and appearance has an impact on willingness of insurance makers 6. Insurance services employees empathy has an impact on willingness of insurance makers 7.
Circumcision of the female.

These historical bibliographies were compiled from the research collections of The Kinsey Institute Library between the 1960s and 1980s, and is copyrighted by The Kinsey Institute. These bibliographies draw upon diverse viewpoints and research approaches and as such, should not be interpreted as either a comprehensive literature search or a recommendation of specific items.
DIVIDED LOYALTIES: GOVERNANCE, CONDUCT AND PERFORMANCE IN FAMILY AND ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESSES.

The social affiliations of owners appear to affect business conduct and performance in Fortune 1000 enterprises. Family owners' ties to one another relate to entrenchment, resource extraction, and strategic conservatism. "Entrepreneur" owners without family ties in the firm pursue growth priorities, investing more in the firm and reaping higher shareholder returns.
Cloning and sequencing of the PIF gene involved in repair and recombination of yeast mitochondrial DNA.

The nuclear gene PIF of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for both repair of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and recognition of a recombinogenic signal characterized by a 26‐bp palindromic AT sequence in the ery region of mtDNA. This gene has been cloned in yeast by genetic complementation of pif mutants. Its chromosomal disruption does not destroy the genetic function of mitochondria. The nucleotide sequence of the 3.5‐kb insert from a complementing plasmid reveals an open reading frame encoding a potential protein of 857 amino acids and Mr = 97,500. An ATP‐binding domain is present in the central part of the gene and in the carboxy‐terminal region a putative DNA‐binding site is present. Its alpha helix‐turn‐alpha helix motif is found in DNA‐binding proteins such as lambda and lactose repressors which recognize symmetric sequences. Significant amino acid homology is observed with yeast RAD3 and E. coli UvrD (helicase II) proteins which are required for excision repair of damaged DNA.
The Case Against Corporate Social Responsibility

This paper argues that the new interest in so-called "corporate social responsibility" is founded on a false notion of how much discretion a modern public corporation has to sacrifice profits for the sake of certain social goods, and that the promotion of corporate social responsibility by both the private and public sectors misleads the public into believing that more is being done by the private sector to meet certain public goals than is in fact the case.
Kangaroo rat locomotion: design for elastic energy storage or acceleration?

Mechanical stresses (force/cross-sectional area) acting in muscles, tendons and bones of the hindlimbs of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) were calculated during steady-speed hops and vertical jumps. Stresses were determined from both high-speed ciné films (light and X-ray) and force plate recordings, as well as from in vivo tendon force recordings. Stresses in each hindlimb support element during hopping (1.6-3.1 m s-1) were generally only 33% of those acting during jumping (greater than or equal to 40 cm height): ankle extensor muscles, 80 +/- 12 (S.D.) versus 297 +/- 42 kPa; ankle extensor tendons, 7.9 +/- 1.5 versus 32.7 +/- 4.8 MPa; tibia, -29 +/- 5 versus -110 +/- 25 MPa (all values are for hopping versus jumping). The magnitude of stress in each structure during these locomotor activities was similarly matched to the strength of each element, so that a consistent safety factor to failure is achieved for the hindlimb as a whole (1.5-2.0). The large stresses during jumping were correlated with a three-fold increase in ground reaction forces exerted on the ground compared with the fastest steady hopping speeds. We conclude that, for its size, the kangaroo rat has disproportionately large hindlimb muscles, tendons and bones to withstand the large forces associated with rapid acceleration to avoid predation, which limits their ability to store and recover elastic strain energy. Middle ear morphology and behavioural observations of kangaroo rats jumping vertically to avoid predation by owls and rattlesnakes support this view.