Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relating Depth and Diversity of Bivalvia and Gastropoda in Two Contrasting Sub-Arctic Marine Regions

The need to understand species distribution- and biodiversity patterns in high-latitude marine regions is immediate as these marine environments are undergoing rapid environmental changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidification. By the year 2100, the seas north of the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe (GIF) topographic ridge are predicted to become largely corrosive to aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate commonly formed by calcifying molluscs. We examine depth-diversity relationships in bivalves and gastropods north and south of the GIF ridge, between 200 and 2000 m depth. We also identify bivalve and gastropod species that could be monitored to identify early signs of changes in benthic communities north of the GIF ridge, due to ocean acidification. Patterns of α-diversity were estimated through rarefaction, as (E(S20)). Regional and depth related β-diversity was analysed and the additive contribution of species replacement (turnover) and species loss/gain (nestedness) to β-diversity calculated. Despite sharing a significant number of species, diversity patterns differed between the study regions. The diversity patterns also differed between bivalves and gastropods. North of the GIF ridge, the relationship between α-diversity and depth was unimodal with a predominant decrease in bivalve and gastropod α-diversity between 300 and 2000 m depth. Species assemblages in the deep bathyal zone were partly nested subsets of the assemblages in the shallow bathyal zone. South of the GIF ridge, patterns in α-diversity were more ambiguous. α-diversity decreased between 300 and 2000 m depth in bivalves, with no clear trend observed in gastropods. This finding contradicts the recognized increase in α-diversity in the bathyal zone in the North Atlantic basin, perhaps due to the oceanographic conditions directly south of the GIF ridge. In contrast to that observed north of the GIF ridge, nestedness did not contribute significantly to β-diversity south of the GIF ridge. This comparative study sheds new light on deep-sea diversity patterns of molluscs in the high-latitude North Atlantic and provides baseline data on species occurrences. This information can inform future assessment of the impact of environmental changes in these regions and management efforts.
Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Explore Food Insecurity in African American Adults

ABSTRACT Background: Food insecurity is an ongoing national problem and is linked to chronic diseases and other poor health outcomes. Concerning are the rates in racial and ethnic minorities. Food insecurity is significantly high in African Americans older adults. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use a Community-Based Participatory Research approach to assess the extent of food insecurity and associated factors in a sample of African American adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study design with purposive, convenience sampling was used. The survey included the 10-item USDA Food Security Module, fruit and vegetable intake questions, and sociodemographic items. Results: Results indicated that food insecurity was very high and was associated with being ≥65 years old, not having a spouse/partner, living alone, and residing in an urban location. Discussion: The CBPR approach resulted in changes to the survey, engaged community partners, access to a vulnerable population, and plans to build on the findings to address food insecurity in the community. Further research is needed to examine the associated factors. Translation to Health Education Practice: Given the complex nature of food insecurity and the findings from this study, research that engage the community and focus on multilevel interventions are recommended.
Sink-Regulation of Photosynthesis in Relation to Temperature in Sunflower and Rape

Stimulation of the rate of photosynthesis at 2 0 kPa 02 in comparison with 21 kPa 02 and carbohydrate accumulation over 4 h were measured during exposure of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.), grown at 30 °C and 13 °C, to temperatures between 7 °C and 35 °C. The effect of reducing source : sink ratio by shading on the response of photosynthetic rate to temperature was also determined. Stimulation of photosynthesis by 2 0 kPa 02 in comparison with 21 kPa 02 decreased over 4 h at cool temperatures in sunflower plants grown at 30 °C but not in rape grown at 30 °C. Stimulation did not decrease over 4 h in plants grown at 13 °C. Sucrose was the main carbohydrate accumulated over 4 h; its accumulation increased with decreasing temperature. Starch accumulation either decreased or remained the same with decreasing temperature. In plants grown at 30 °C more carbohydrate accumulated between 8 °C and 21 °C in sunflower than in rape, but more carbohydrate accumulated at 30 °C in rape than in sunflower. In plants grown at 13 °C much less carbohydrate accumulated between 13 °C and 23 °C than in plants grown at 30 °C. Photosynthetic rate in plants grown at 30 °C exposed to between 20 °C and 35 °C over 32 h (14 h light— 10 h dark-8 h light), declined over 32 h at 20 °C and 25 °C in sunflower and at 20 °C in rape. This fall over 32 h, especially at 20 °C in sunflower, was significantly reduced by shading the rest of the plant. Shading had little effect on photosynthetic rate above 25 °C. The work confirms that low temperature imposes a sink-limitation on photosynthesis which occurs at higher temperatures in sunflower than in rape. This limitation may be relieved by decreasing the source:sink ratio.
Overweight of Korean male workers and genetic polymorphism of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene

Abstract We have examined the hypothesis that the Gly972Arg variant of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene is associated with the components contributing to overweight (obesity) and metabolic syndrome. We describe IRS1 genotype frequencies in 274 Korean men. The frequencies of Gly972Gly (G/G) and Gly972Arg (G/A variant) of the IRS1 gene were 88.3% and 11.7%, respectively, and the differences in frequencies between the overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) group and non‐overweight (BMI<25 kg/m2) group were statistically significant. The subjects with G/A variant of IRS1 gene in non‐overweight had significantly higher level of visceral fat thickness and adiponectin/leptin ratio than those with G/G alleles. In overweight group, the subjects with G/A variant of IRS1 gene also showed significantly higher level of insulin than those with G/G alleles. These results suggest that the IRS1 genetic polymorphism is involved in the occurrence of overweight, as well as metabolic syndrome.
Iranian EFL university learners and lecturers’ attitude towards translation as a tool in reading comprehension considering background variables of age, major and years of experience

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the Iranian EFL university learners' and lecturers’ attitude towards translation as a tool in reading comprehension. A sample of 50 male and female students of Nursing, Medicine and 10 male and female lecturers at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected. Using an Oxford Placement Test (OPT), the students in each field were homogenized. Two different questionnaires were administered. In the students’ questionnaire, items were about the functions of L1 in terms of translating in the EFL/ESL classroom based on, and the lecturers’ questionnaire included items about their attitudes towards L1 use in reading comprehension classes. It came to light that students of different age and major did not differ widely in their attitudes towards using translation in reading nor did lecturers differ in their opinions regarding the application of translation. Moreover, the results supported the effectiveness of using translation activities in L2 classrooms to improve student’s reading comprehension. This research is motivated by studies that suggest the use of L1 in ESL/EFL classroom can facilitate rather than impede target language learning.
Physiographic analysis of witness-tree distribution (1765–1798) and present forest cover through north central Pennsylvania

This study analyzed witness-tree data recorded from 1765 to 1798 with respect to landform in four major physiographic provinces represented through north central Pennsylvania. These data were also compared with present-day forest composition to evaluate broad changes that occurred 200 years after European settlement. In the Allegheny High Plateau, Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carr. represented 40–47% of witness trees in mountain coves and stream valleys, but only 9% on plateau tops, which comprised 45% Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh. Pinusstrobus L. represented ≤4% frequency across all landforms. The original forests of the Allegheny Mountains were dominated by mixed Quercus, Acer, Castaneadentata (Marsh.) Borkh. , and Pinus and had significant T. canadensis only in stream valleys. The presettlement forests of the Allegheny Front and the Ridge and Valley provinces had a similar mix of Quercus, Pinus, Castanea, and Carya, with increased P. strobus on the more mesic sites and Pinusrigida Mill, on the xeric ridges. Comparison.
Deep Neural Networks Combined with STN for Multi-Oriented Text Detection and Recognition

Developing systems for interpreting visuals, such as images, videos is really challenging but important task to be developed and applied on benchmark datasets. This study solves the very challenge by using STN-OCR model consisting of deep neural networks (DNN) and Spatial Transformer Networks (STNs). The network architecture of this study consists of two stages: localization network and recognition network. In the localization network it finds and localizes text regions and generates sampling grid. Whereas, in the recognition network, text regions will be input and then this network learns to recognize text including low resolution, curved and multi-oriented text. Deep learning-based approaches require a lot of data for training effectively, therefore, this study has used two benchmark datasets, Street View House Numbers (SVHN) and International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR) 2015 to evaluate the system. The STN-OCR model achieves better results than literature on these datasets.
Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Comparison of Two IRTree Models to Investigate the Impact of Full Versus Endpoint-Only Response Option Labeling

In this study, we examined the results and interpretations produced from two different IRTree models—one using paths consisting of only dichotomous decisions, and one using paths consisting of both dichotomous and polytomous decisions. We used data from two versions of an impulsivity measure. In the first version, all the response options had labels; in the second version, only the endpoints were labeled. Based on past research, we hypothesized that the endpoints would be selected more frequently in the endpoint-only labeled condition, and the midpoint response option would be selected more frequently in the fully labeled condition. Results from the two models (dichotomous and polytomous) were similar and indicated that our hypotheses were partially supported—specifically, there was no consistent pattern in terms of which condition saw a higher frequency of midpoint response selection. However, our hypotheses regarding extreme responding in the endpoint-only labeling condition were supported.
Zooarcheological evidence for the faunal exploitation behavior of Neandertals and early modern humans

The study of the origins of modern humans continues to be a dynamic, quickly changing field, as shown by the recent extraction and analysis of DNA from the Neander Valley fossils.1 The dynamic nature of the field partly arises from the clearly defined opposing models for the origins of modern humans,2 and the spirited defense of the opposing models by the main protagonists in the debate. Although the “Out‐of‐Africa” and “Multiregional Continuity Models” are typically argued from the perspective of biological evolution, with the debates centering on anatomical and molecular evidence, the behavioral side of the question is of equal significance. Even though the anatomical record will always be a productive avenue for behavioral reconstruction,3,4 archeology remains the major contributor to our understanding of the behavioral side of this debate.
Response to Comment on “Climatic Niche Shifts Are Rare Among Terrestrial Plant Invaders”

Webber et al. take a critical view of our findings that niche expansions are rare in plant invaders, arguing mainly that we did not include nonanalog climates in our analyses. Yet, their concerns include misunderstandings and go beyond the scope of our study, which was purposely restricted to analog climates. We further explain why our results remain robust to other factors of niche dynamics in the native range. We conclude that the implications of our findings remain valid for projections of niche models in analog climates and that projections in nonanalog climates should be undertaken with care.
Petrogenesis of the Riacho do Icó Stock: evidence for Neoproterozoic slab melting during accretion tectonics in the Borborema Province?

One of the main characteristics of the Borborema Province in northeastern Brazil is the abundance of granitic domains. The Lagoa das Pedras plutonic-volcanic Complex record remnants of early to late Neoproterozoic primitive to highly evolved magmas. U-Pb SHRIMP determinations and whole-rock geochemistry on the granitic to granodioritic Riacho do Icó Stock, which is the largest plutonic body of this complex, were conducted. Zircon dating reveals that this body was intruded in the crust at 607 ± 3 Ma, whereas metamorphic overgrowths are coeval within uncertainty (600 ± 8 Ma). Geochemical characteristics of this stock suggest that it corresponds to Cordilleran-type magmas injected in the lithosphere above a subduction zone. Sr and Y contents in addition to MgO and SiO 2 values are compatible with high-silica adakite-like magmas, interpreted as the result of slab melting in deep-seated regions. Based on the integration of this study and literature data, we suggest that the Riacho do Icó intrusion might be a dismembered part of a major continental magmatic arc described in the Central Subprovince of the Borborema Province, marking the onset of the accretionary stage of the Brasiliano orogeny.
Environmental influences on Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.) larvae reveal recent constraints in recruitment success

The lack of any abundant recruiting year class of Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring between 2005 and 2015 contributed to an approximate reduction of 40% in the spawning-stock biomass since 2009, i.e. from 7 to 4 million tonnes. Warming of the North Atlantic is suggested to contribute to this reduction in recruitment. In the past, a warm phase induced by a positive Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the North Atlantic was positively correlated to the NSS herring stock size. Recent unprecedented ocean warming in the Norwegian Sea ecosystem, besides elevated temperatures due to a positive AMO, seems to be outside optimal environmental conditions for early life history stages of NSS herring. We analysed 28 years of survey data using generalized additive models to reconstruct environmental conditions for drifting yolksac and preflexion stage larvae. Our results indicate that strong recruitment years were more likely when the larvae occurred simultaneously with a negative AMO during positive temperature anomalies. The transition from yolksac stages towards preflexion stages occurred while there was a slow increase in water temperature during the larval drift. Weak recruitment years generally occurred when larvae experienced elevated temperatures during the life stage transition under a positive AMO. These results augment evidence that the historical positive relationship between AMO and stock dynamics is reversed between 1988 and 2015. Albeit not implying any specific mechanistic biological interactions, we can assume that the unprecedented warming has modified the ecosystem drivers that negatively affect drifting larvae. Since 2016, the North Atlantic is shifting into a negative AMO phase, possibly resulting in the 10-year recruitment suppression of NSS herring ending soon.
EXISTENCE AND MULTIPLICITY OF SOLUTIONS FOR A QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEM ON UNBOUNDED DOMAINS INVOLVING NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

where Ω ⊆ R is an unbounded domain with noncompact smooth boundary ∂Ω, the outward unit normal to which is denoted by n with p > 1 and i = 1, . , n. The growing attention for the study of the p-Laplacian operator in the last few decades is motivated by the fact that it arises in various applications. The p-Laplacian operator in (1.1) is a special case of the divergence form operator −div(a(x,∇u)), which appears in many nonlinear diffusion problems, in particular in the mathematical modeling of non-Newtonian fluids, for a discussion of some physical background, see [9]. We also refer to Aronsson-Janfalk [1] for the
Three deep water sponges from the Eastern Mediterranean and their associated fauna

Abstract Three species of sponges were collected off the Israeli Mediterranean coast from a depth of 830 m: Bubaris sarayisp. nov., described here, Sarcotragus cf. muscatum, and Ircinia cf. retidermata. The sponge cavities contained the polychaetes Harmothoespinifera, Ceratonereis costae, Leonnatesjousseaumei, and the snapping shrimp Synalpheusgambarelloides. The sponge surface was encrusted with the serpulid tubeworm Hydroidesheteroceros. Leonnatesjousseaumeiand H. heteroceros are Lessepsian migrants, and L. jousseaumei is recorded from the Mediterranean for the first time. For all the species, the present finding constitutes a great extension of their known depth range; this is also the first record of Lessepsian migrants from great depths. It is suggested that in the deep water soft-bottom environment, sponges are porous hard-substrate microhabitat islands, providing associated fauna with shelter, and possibly also a continuous flow of water with suspended matter.
Vein Pattern Verification and Identification Based on Local Geometric Invariants Constructed from Minutia Points and Augmented with Barcoded Local Feature

This paper presents the development of a hybrid feature—dorsal hand vein and dorsal geometry—modality for human recognition. Our proposed hybrid feature extraction method exploits two types of features: dorsal hand geometric-related and local vein pattern. Using geometric affine invariants, the peg-free system extracts minutia points and vein termination and bifurcation and constructs a set of geometric invariants, which are then used to establish the correspondence between two sets of minutiae—one for the query vein image and the other for the reference vein image. When the correspondence is established, geometric transformation parameters are computed to align the query with the reference image. Once aligned, hybrid features are extracted for identification. In this study, the algorithm was tested on a database of 140 subjects, in which ten different dorsal hand geometric-related images were taken for each individual, and yielded the promising results. In this regard, we have achieved an equal error rate (EER) of 0.243%, indicating that our method is feasible and effective for dorsal vein recognition with high accuracy. This hierarchical scheme significantly improves the performance of personal verification and/or identification.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Cumulative Experiences of Emergency Medicine Residents in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Most children seeking emergency care are evaluated in general emergency departments (EDs). The cumulative pediatric clinical experiences of emergency medicine (EM) residents are largely unknown. This study examined EM resident pediatric clinical experience through the lens of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements and the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine.
Temperature structure in the upper 250 metres in the East Australian Current area

Temperature profiles to 250 m, obtained by using a bathythermograph, are presented and discussed in relation to geostrophic currents in the East Australian Current Area. There is a very close relation between dynamic height and temperature at 240 m depth in this area. Regression equations connecting the two quantities are given. The depth of the mixed layer is shown to cover a wide range, even on a single cruise in a relatively small area, and it is suggested that the extremes of very shallow (< 20 m) and very deep (≥ 200 m) mixed layers are due to divergence and convergence associated with the strong and variable circulation in the area. Seasonal warming and cooling affect approximately the upper 70-100 m, and have a range of about 3oC.
Detection of Suicidal Intent in Spanish Language Social Networks using Machine Learning

Suicide is a considerable problem in our population, early intervention for its prevention has a very important role, in order to counteract the number of deaths from suicide. Today, just over half of the world’s population uses social networks, where they express ideas, feelings, desires, including suicide intentions. Motivated by these factors, the main objective is the automatic detection of suicidal ideations in social networks in the Spanish language, in order to serve as a base component to alert and achieve early and specialized interventions. For this, a Spanish suicide phrase classification model has been implemented, since currently no related works in this language with a machine learning approach were found. However, there were some challenges in performing this task, such as understand-ing natural language, generating training data, and obtaining reliable accuracy in classifying these phrases. To construct our classification model, two opposite and popular types of phrase embeddings were chosen, and the most widely used classification algorithms in the literature were compared. Obtaining, as a result, the confirmation that it is possible to classify phrases with suicidal ideation in the Spanish language with good accuracy using semantic representations.
Evidence That Forage-Fed Cows Can Enhance Milk Quality

Researching the distinguishing factors of nutritional milk quality is key to sustainable production and addresses increasing media and scientific scrutiny regarding human health effects and ecological impacts of dairy products. Modern Western diets have high omega-6 relative to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) consumption. This ratio in milk can be manipulated by management practices; increasing forage in dairy diets raises omega-3 in milk. Whilst studies identify higher concentrations of nutritionally beneficial FAs in organic dairy, milk from 100% forage-fed cows in the UK has not been investigated. This study explores differences in FA composition between supermarket conventional and organic and Pasture for Life Association (PFLA) milk, collected in April, July and October, 2017. PFLA milk had higher concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (+94%) and omega-3 (+92%) than conventional milk. Additionally, concentrations of palmitic acid (+11%), omega-6 (+69%) and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (+201%) were higher in conventional than PFLA milk. PFLA milk had higher concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid (+39%), conjugated linoleic acid (+30%) and omega-3 (+21%) and lower concentrations of omega-6 (−36%) and a lower ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (−44%) than organic milk. This supports previous studies and demonstrates the scope to improve milk FA profiles further for potential health benefits through pasture-based management.