Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Photorefraction and Wavefront-Based Autorefraction in Children Under 3 Years of Age

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the accuracy of photorefraction and wavefront-based autorefraction in children under 3 years of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with children who had no ocular abnormalities other than a refractive error and were less than 3 years old. Spot Vision Screener (Welch Allyn Inc., Skaneateles Falls, NY, USA) was used for photorefraction and SureSight Vision Screener (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) was used for autorefraction. The measurements were performed with both devices before and after cycloplegia. The results were compared with those obtained using cycloplegic retinoscopy. The assessments were performed in terms of spherical equivalent (SE) values and Jackson cross-cylinder power values (J0 and J45). Results: A total of 305 children with a mean age of 15.1±10.4 months were included. The mean SE values measured with the Spot Vision and SureSight before cycloplegia were 0.43±0.75 D and 0.90±0.86 D, respectively. Following cycloplegia, the mean SE values were 1.80±1.25 D and 1.55±1.40 D, respectively. The mean SE value obtained with cycloplegic retinoscopy was 1.53±1.34 D. The mean SE values measured with both devices prior to cycloplegia were significantly lower than that measured with cycloplegic retinoscopy (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the cycloplegic SE values obtained with SureSight and retinoscopy (p=0.66). Spot Vision yielded significantly higher cycloplegic SE values compared with cycloplegic retinoscopy (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both devices underestimated SE values in comparison with cycloplegic retinoscopy in children under 3 years of age. Wavefront-based autorefraction performed with cycloplegia may be an alternative to cycloplegic retinoscopy, but needs confirmation.
Contribution of an Eastern Indochina-derived fragment to the formation of island arc systems in the Philippine Mobile Belt

The Philippine Mobile Belt is a complex plate boundary with multiple terranes in Southeast Asia, yet its early tectonic evolution is still not fully understood due to a scarcity of solid evidence. Here we report new whole rock geochemical, Sr-Nd isotopic, and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data for Cretaceous-Miocene arc magmatic rocks from the Cebu and Bohol Islands, Philippine Mobile Belt. Bulk geochemical data display arc affinities with enriched large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Sr and Ba) and depleted high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti). The high positive εNd(t) (+4.6 to +9.1) values and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7032−0.7048) suggest that these igneous rocks were generated by partial melting of mantle wedge in an arc setting. U-Pb dating of zircons revealed Cretaceous (ca. 120−90 Ma), middle Eocene to early Oligocene (ca. 43−30 Ma), and middle Miocene (ca. 14 Ma) crystallization ages for the arc magmatism with abundant Permian-Triassic zircon xenocrysts clustering at ca. 250 Ma. The Permian-Triassic grains show dominantly negative εHf(t) values ranging from −16.2 to −6.6, which are similar to those of coeval rocks in Eastern Indochina. Combined with previous paleomagnetic studies, we propose that an Eastern Indochina-derived continental fragment was involved during the formation of arcs in the Cebu and Bohol Islands, which highlights the potential contribution of ancient continental materials in the formation of intra-oceanic arcs. This scenario does not support the previously proposed model that the Cretaceous arc in the Philippine Mobile Belt formed in the northern margin of the proto-Philippine Sea Plate and Australian margin.
Improved Procedures for Feature-Based Suppression of Surface Texture High-Frequency Measurement Errors in the Wear Analysis of Cylinder Liner Topographies

Studies on the effect of surface texture on cylinder liner wear is of great importance in many research areas due to the fact that a major part of the mechanical power losses in an engine are caused by friction in the piston-cylinder liner system. Interest from both manufacturers and customers in optimizing this mechanical system seems to be similar. The surface roughness of cylinder liners plays an important role in the control of tribological properties. Cylinder liner surface topography, which affects running-in duration, oil consumption, exhaust gas emissions and engine performance as well, was taken into detailed consideration in this paper. They were measured with a stylus (Talyscan 150) or non-contact—optical (Talysurf CCI Lite white light interferometer) equipment. Precise machining process and accurate measurement equipment may not provide relevant information about surface texture properties when the procedure of processing of received (raw) measured data is not selected appropriately. This work aims to compare various type of procedures for detection and reduction of some-frequency surface topography measurement errors (noise) and consider its influence on the results of wear analysis. It was found that assessments of some extracted areas (profiles) may be much more useful than the characterization of the whole of measured details when noise was defined. Moreover, applications of a commonly-used algorithm, available in the commercial software of the measuring equipment, for measurement errors suppression may be potentially decisive in the definition of measurement noise but, simultaneously, scrupulous attention should be paid if they are implemented adequately.
Performance Comparison of Broadband Traveling Wave Amplifiers in 130-nm SiGe:C SG13G2 and SG13G3 BiCMOS Technologies

In this letter, a comparison between two ultra-wideband traveling wave amplifiers (TWAs) designed in two different SiGe:C technologies consuming only 500 mW is presented. The first design utilizes the IHP’s 130-nm SiGe:C BiCMOS SG13G2 technology, featuring <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{T}/f_{{MAX}}\,\,=300$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/500 GHz, while the second design uses the IHP’s 130-nm SiGe:C BiCMOS SG13G3 technology, featuring <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{T}/f_{ {MAX}}\,\,=470$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/700 GHz. For a fair comparison, the same architecture has been used for the design of both amplifiers. On-wafer measurements of the SG13G2 amplifier show 15.3 dB gain and 87.4 GHz bandwidth, while the design in SG13G3 technology reaches 16.9 dB gain and more than 110 GHz bandwidth. There is a 1% difference in the output power efficiency where it is 4.1% and 5.1% on SG13G2 and SG13G3 technologies, respectively. In both cases, time-domain measurements show a reliable 120 Gbps non-return-to-zero (NRZ) operation. The presented SG13G3-based TWA shows state-of-the-art performance among similar SiGe BiCMOS amplifiers.
Driver steering assistance for collision avoidance and turning performance optimization by constrained MPC

A driver steering assistance control algorithm for a vehicle with an active front steering system is proposed in this paper. The control algorithm is designed so as to optimize turning performance and realize collision avoidance simultaneously under magnitude constraints on the front wheel turn angle and the lateral tire force. The control algorithm is developed based on a model predictive control law for tracking a time-varying reference signal. The proposed control algorithm is reduced to a convex quadratic programming problem. The e ffectiv ness of the proposed method is shown by human-in-the-loop simulations.
Miniaturized frequency selective rasorber with a X‐band transmission band using cross band resonator

This article designs a miniaturized frequency selective absorber (FSR) based on X‐band. The FSR consists of a resistor sheet and a bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS). It has a wide low frequency absorption band and a low insertion loss wide high frequency transmission band. The resistor element is a hexagonal metal ring with lumped resistance. Each side of the ring is inserted with three cross metal branches. The branch is equivalent to the λh/4 short‐circuit branch. Three types of branches with different lengths can be used to achieve wide‐band transmission. The band‐pass FSS is a three‐layer structure, which is composed of two layers of circular metal patches and a layer of circular aperture. The band‐pass FSS must coincide with the transmission band of the resistor sheet. The resistor sheet is placed on the band‐pass FSS. At low frequencies, FSR functions as an absorber. The absorption bandwidth of 10 dB is 2.2 to 6.3 GHz. At high frequencies, the transmission band is almost transparent. At this time, the 1 dB transmission bandwidth is 8.1 to 12.1 GHz. FSR has good angular stability and polarization stability. A prototype of the structure was made and measured to verify the correctness of the design.
Antimicrobial stewardship of antiseptics that are pertinent to wounds: the need for a united approach

Abstract Long before the nature of infection was recognized, or the significance of biofilms in delayed healing was understood, antimicrobial agents were being used in wound care. In the last 70 years, antibiotics have provided an effective means to control wound infection, but the continued emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and the documented antibiotic tolerance of biofilms has reduced their effectiveness. A range of wound dressings containing an antimicrobial (antibiotic or non-antibiotic compound) has been developed. Whereas standardized methods for determining the efficacy of non-antibiotic antimicrobials in bacterial suspension tests were developed in the early twentieth century, standardized ways of evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial dressings against microbial suspensions and biofilms are not available. Resistance to non-antibiotic antimicrobials and cross-resistance with antibiotics has been reported, but consensus on breakpoints is absent and surveillance is impossible. Antimicrobial stewardship is therefore in jeopardy. This review highlights these difficulties and in particular the efficacy of current non-antibiotic antimicrobials used in dressings, their efficacy, and the challenges of translating in vitro efficacy data to the efficacy of dressings in patients. This review calls for a unified approach to developing standardized methods of evaluating antimicrobial dressings that will provide an improved basis for practitioners to make informed choices in wound care.
Evaluation of the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and adaptation in pakchoi cultivars under organic and conventional management systems during two successive seasons

ABSTRACT Two tunnel experiments with 16 pakchoi cultivars were conducted under organic (ORG) and conventional management systems (CON) in fall and winter to investigate the yield, total N uptake, N uptake efficiency (plant aboveground N uptake at harvest per unit plant available N; NUpE), utilization efficiency (plant dry weight per unit plant aboveground N uptake at harvest; NUtE) and specific adaptation of cultivars. Yields under ORG were significantly lower than those under CON, whereas the NUpE in organic pakchoi were significantly higher than those in conventional pakchoi. In winter, a significant interaction between the management system and cultivar for NUtE was observed. In addition, all the traits determined were significantly influenced by the cultivar. Among cultivars, the yield was closely correlated with the NUpE under ORG and CON, except under ORG in fall. The cultivar ranking analysis showed a rank correlation for yield, NUpE and NUtE in winter, while no rank correlation was observed in fall. The rankings of cultivars showed major changes between ORG and CON in fall. In conclusion, the selection of cultivars with high NUpE and direct selection of cultivars under organic agriculture, particularly in fall, will be helpful to improve the yield.
The flipping t‐ratio test: Phylogenetically informed assessment of the Pareto theory for phenotypic evolution

An organism cannot be fully optimized for all tasks that are needed for its survival because of the existence of intrinsic trade‐offs among those tasks. It was recently proposed that an economics‐originated theory, the Pareto theory, is a general theory explaining the rules of phenotypic evolution under such trade‐offs. To date, many phenotype datasets have been argued to fit the Pareto theory based on a statistical method named the t‐ratio test. Here, we show that this test suffers a serious defect in that general phenotype data can be wrongly concluded to fit the Pareto theory with a very high false‐positive rate and that the claim that the Pareto theory is a general theory should definitely be considered with caution. This is because the t‐ratio test assumes that all phenotypic traits are independent of one another, but this assumption does not hold true—different traits of organisms have usually been affected by the same phylogenetic history and are thus typically not independent. We developed the flipping t‐ratio test to accurately test the Pareto theory by considering phylogenetic background as well as artefacts that can be induced during dimensionality reduction. Using this improved method, we confirm that the phenotype data analysed in previous studies, including the well‐known Darwin's ground finch dataset, no longer support the Pareto theory. We hope that the flipping t‐ratio test will contribute to examining which phenotype datasets truly fit the Pareto theory and understanding how diverse phenotypes evolve in natural ecosystems.
Impact des usages numériques préexistants des enseignants du supérieur face à l’impératif de l’enseignement à distance en période de confinement

This article presents the first results of a survey conducted by means of a questionnaire addressed to further education teachers that was put online on April 14, 2020, almost four weeks after the closure of the universities. It is part of an interdisciplinary research project, associating 1. EA 4671 ADEF. 2. UMR 7303 TELEMMe. P. Martin, S. Gebeil, P.-A. Filippi et C. Félix Impact des usages numériques préexistants des enseignants du supérieur . 2021 – International Journal of Technologies in Higher Education, 18(1) ijthe.org 171 educational sciences and information and communication sciences, dedicated to the work of teachers and students, from kindergarten to university during this unprecedented period. In this contribution, the 1,040 responses to the questionnaire document the way in which out-of-school teachers have endeavoured to implement distance education as a matter of urgency. The article highlights the impact of pre-existing (formal and informal) and heterogeneous digital uses on teaching practices during the “moment of confinement”.
Challenges and opportunities in biometric security: A survey

ABSTRACT Biometric systems identify individuals based on unique traits such as the face, fingerprints, iris etc. The main objective of the study is to understand the role of deep learning in the process of authentication as well as its application in the enhancement of security of biometric systems. We highlight the studies using deep learning approaches to authenticate enrolled users under ideal and non-ideal environmental conditions. We summarize these approaches and explore the challenges that continue to restrict the full potential of biometric systems. The foremost are: building robust algorithms for authentication, ensuring the security of enrolled templates and protecting systems against spoofing attacks. In this paper, we review the performance achieved by various studies in overcoming the aforesaid challenges, along with the potential improvements and future directions in this domain.
ORGANIZACINIS KLIMATAS LIGONINĖJE: DARBUOTOJŲ GRUPIŲ NUOMONĖ (ATVEJO ANALIZĖ)

Nesaugios darbo vietos fenomenas yra sudėtinga, sunkiai apibrėžiama, turinti daug vardų samprata. Saugaus organizacinio (psichologinio) klimato kūrimas yra sudėtingas procesas, priklausantis nuo visų organizacijos darbuotojų. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Klaipėdos universitetinės ligoninės organizacinį (psichologinį) klimatą ir įvairių grandžių vadovų poveikį jo formavimui darbuotojų požiūriu. Analizuotos įvairių šalių autorių mokslinės publikacijos, apklausti darbuotojai. Atskleista darbuotojų, vertinusių organizacinį (psichologinį) klimatą ligoninėje, nuomonė bei įvairių grandžių vadovų poveikis jį formuojant. Darbuotojų nuomone, organizacinis (psichologinis) klimatas ligoninėje yra pakankamai geras, įvertintas gerokai aukščiau vidutinio, o įvairių grandžių vadovų darbas ir veikla, kuriant normalų organizacinį (psichologinį) klimatą ligoninėje, iš esmės vertinama gerai.
Dual benefit of ocean acidification for the laminarialean kelp Saccharina latissima: enhanced growth and reduced herbivory

The laminarialean kelp Saccharina latissima is a common macroalga along rocky shorelines that is also frequently used in aquaculture. This study examined how ocean acidification may alter the growth of S. latissima as well as grazing on S. latissima by the gastropod Lacuna vincta. Under elevated nutrients, S. latissima experienced significantly enhanced growth at pCO2 levels ≥1200 μatm compared to ambient pCO2 (~400 μatm). Elevated pCO2 (≥830 μatm) also significantly reduced herbivory of L. vincta grazing on S. latissima relative to ambient pCO2. There was no difference in grazing of S. latissima previously grown under elevated or ambient pCO2, suggesting lowered herbivory was due to harm to the gastropods rather than alteration of the biochemical composition of the kelp. Decreased herbivory was specifically elicited when L. vincta were exposed to elevated pCO2 in the absence of food for ≥18 h prior to grazing, with reduced grazing persisting 72 h. Elevated growth of S. latissima and reduced grazing by L. vincta at 1200 μatm pCO2 combined to increase net growth rates of S. latissima more than 4-fold relative to ambient pCO2. L. vincta consumed 70% of daily production by S. latissima under ambient pCO2 but only 38 and 9% at 800 and 1200 μatm, respectively. Collectively, decreased grazing by L. vincta coupled with enhanced growth of S. latissima under elevated pCO2 demonstrates that increased CO2 associated with climate change and/or coastal processes will dually benefit commercially and ecologically important kelps by both promoting growth and reducing grazing pressure.
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF BASIC PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS BASED ON FGOS VO 3 ++

The transition to the updated FSES HE 3 ++ is carried out with certain difficulties associated with the delay in the approval of standards in many areas of training, as well as the lack of exemplary educational programs. However, a team of authors, independently, without waiting for the release of model educational programs, develops professional competencies, indicators of achievement of competencies, knowledge, skills, possession and, accordingly, a list of disciplines that form these competencies. This article is devoted to the analysis of the educational standard of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3 ++ of the direction "Land management and cadastres". In conditions of some uncertainty associated with the delay in approval of individual FSES 3 ++, professional standards, exemplary basic professional educational programs, educational organizations are given the opportunity to independently decide approaches to achieving universal, general professional competencies and the formulation of achievements of professional competencies by graduates.
In vitro methods in the study of reactive drug metabolites with liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry

Reactive metabolites are believed to be responsible for rare but serious idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) that have led to the withdrawal of numerous drugs from the market. This has resulted in major harm to patients, economic losses for the pharmaceutical companies and represents a serious problem in drug development. Reactive metabolites can be studied by trapping them with suitable nucleophiles, most commonly with glutathione. The glutathione conjugates formed in these reactions can be analyzed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/ MS) techniques. In this study, new in vitro methods for the detection and analysis of reactive metabolites were developed. The suitability for reactive metabolite screening of different enzyme sources commonly used in vitro were compared. It was found that sub-cellular fractions yielded significantly larger amounts of glutathione-trapped reactive metabolites as compared to the amounts obtained from intact hepatocytes. Additionally, different metabolites were detected in some cases. Biomimetic metalloporphyrin catalysts were tested for their ability to produce larger amounts of glutathione-trapped metabolites relative to liver S9 fraction incubations. An increase in reactive metabolite production was observed with biomimetic models, but not all of the metabolites produced by liver S9 were observed. The glutathione conjugates of pulegone and of its metabolite menthofuran were analyzed with LC/MS/MS, and the fragmentation spectra of Nand S-/Ndi-linked glutathione conjugate were interpreted in detail for the first time. These results will enable more efficient screening of reactive metabolites of furan-containing compounds. Acyl glucuronides are metabolites produced from carboxylic acid-containing compounds and can be reactive. A good correlation was found between the acyl migration half-life and the tendency of a drug to cause IADRs. The carboxylic moiety can also be metabolized to yield acyl coenzyme A (CoA) conjugates that may be more reactive than their corresponding acyl glucuronides. The formation of CoA conjugates and additional conjugates formed from them was found to be more likely with drugs that cause IADRs.
Examining cross-national research teamwork: revealing rewards and challenges

PurposeTeamwork has long featured in social science research. Further, with research increasingly “cross-national,” communication becomes more complex, for instance, involving different cultures, languages and modes of communication. Yet, studies examining team communicative processes that can facilitate or constrain collaboration are rare. As a cross-national European team representing varied disciplines, experiences, languages and ethnicities, we undertook to examine our communication processes with the aim to promote better qualitative research practices.Design/methodology/approachViewing reflection as a tool for enhancing workplace practices, we undertook a structured reflection. We developed an empirically derived framework about team communication, then used it to analyse our interaction practices and their relative effectiveness.FindingsThe results highlighted two under-examined influences, the use of different modes of communication for different purposes and the need for face-to-face communication to address a particularly challenging aspect of research, negotiating a shared coding scheme to analyse diverse cultural and linguistic qualitative data.Practical implicationsThe study offers a procedure and concepts that others could use to examine their team communication.Originality/valueThe communicative processes that can constrain and facilitate effective cross-national research team collaboration are rarely examined. The results emphasise the need for careful negotiations around language, epistemologies, cultures and goals from the moment collaboration begins in formulating a project, through applying for grant funds, to when the last paper is published – timely in a context in which such work is increasingly expected.