Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Level Laser Effect on the Action of Lymph Nodule and Cervical in Inoculated Mice with Carcinoma in Memory Gland

Biological responses of cells to visible and near IR laser radiation occur due to physical and / or chemical changes in photo acceptor molecules, component of respiratory chains in mitochondria. As result of the photo excitation of electronic states, the follows of physical and /or chemical changes can occurs alteration of redox properties and acceleration of electron transfer, changes in biochemical activity due to local transient heating of chromospheres. Different reaction channels can be activated to achieve the photo biological macro effects. The aim of the study was: 1- to evaluate the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on increasing the response of immune system by stimulating the lymph nodules action in order to inhabit cancer cells activity which leads to decrease the tumor size in diseased mice without using drugs. 2-to verify the effect of Low Level Laser (LLL) on the lymph nodules bio stimulation in case of disease by using different duration times with at the same area in each irradiation with the same power densities.
The Effect of Transferrin Saturation on Internal Iron Exchange 1

Abstract Radioiron was introduced into the intestinal lumen to evaluate absorption, injected as nonviable red cells to evaluate reticuloendothelial (RE) processing of iron, and injected as hemoglobin to evaluate hepatocyte iron processing. Redistribution of iron through the plasma was evaluated in control animals and animals whose transferrin was saturated by iron infusion. Radioiron introduced into the lumen of the gut as ferrous sulfate and as transferrin-bound iron was absorbed about half as well in iron-infused animals, and absorbed iron was localized in the liver. The similar absorption of transferrin-bound iron suggested that absorption of ferrous iron occurred via the mucosal cell and did not enter by diffusion. The decrease in absorption was associated with an increase in mucosal iron and ferritin content produced by the iron infusion. An inverse relationship (r = —0.895) was shown between mucosal ferritin iron and absorption. When iron was injected as nonviable red cells, it was deposited predominantly in reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen. Return of this radioiron to the plasma was only 6% of that in control animals. While there was some movement of iron from spleen to liver, this could be accounted for by intravascular hemolysis. Injected hemoglobin tagged with radioiron was for the most part taken up and held by the liver. Some 13% initially localized in the marrow in iron-infused animals was shown to be storage iron unavailable for hemoglobin synthesis. These studies demonstrate the hepatic trapping of absorbed iron and the inability of either RE cell or hepatocyte to release iron in the transferrin-saturated animal.
Effect of organic and inorganic selenium sources and levels on sow colostrum and milk selenium content.

A study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of feeding two dietary Se sources at various Se levels on the transfer of Se to the dam's milk and nursing pig. Six dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two additional treatments in a randomized complete block designed experiment. Inorganic (sodium selenite) or organic (Se-enriched yeast) Se sources were added to the diet at . 15 or . 30 ppm Se. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control, and a sixth group was fed . 15 ppm Se from both inorganic and organic Se sources. A total of 43 sows were fed their treatment diets at 2.2 kg/d from 6 d prepartum to parturition and at full feed through a 14-d lactation period. Ten sows were initially bled at 6 d prepartum, and three sows and three pigs from their litters were bled at 7 and 14 d postpartum. Serum was analyzed for its Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Colostrum was collected within 12 h postpartum and milk at 7 and 14 d of lactation. When the basal diet was fed, sow serum GSH-Px activity declined from 6 d prepartum and remained low throughout lactation. When dietary Se levels increased, sow serum Se concentration and serum GSH-Px activity increased (P < .05) at both 7 and 14 d postpartum. The short-term feeding of either Se source at . 15 or . 30 ppm Se did not affect colostrum Se content when inorganic Se was fed, but it was increased when organic Se was provided. This resulted in a significant Se source x Se level interaction (P < .01). Milk Se at 7 and 14 d postpartum was 2.5 to 3 times higher when the organic Se source was provided and resulted in a significant Se source x Se level interaction (P < .05). When the combination of inorganic and organic Se was fed at . 15 ppm Se, colostrum and milk Se contents were similar to those of sows fed . 15 ppm Se from the organic Se source. Pig serum GSH-Px activity was not affected at 7 and 14 d of age by dietary Se level or Se source fed to the sow, but serum Se increased (P < .05) as dietary Se level increased, particularly when sows had been fed organic Se. The results demonstrated that organic Se increased milk Se content more than did inorganic Se and increased the nursing pig's serum Se. These results indicate that inorganic Se was more biologically available for sow serum GSH-Px activity, but organic Se was more effectively incorporated into milk.
Population Dynamics of Naive and Memory CD8 T Cell Responses after Antigen Stimulations In Vivo

The extent to which the progeny of one primary memory CD8 T cell differs from the progeny of one naive CD8 T cell of the same specificity remains an unresolved question. To explore cell-autonomous functional differences between naive and memory CD8 T cells that are not influenced by differences in the priming environment, an experimental model has been developed in which physiological numbers of both populations of cells were cotransferred into naive hosts before Ag stimulation. Interestingly, naive CD8 T cells undergo greater expansion in numbers than do primary memory CD8 T cells after various infections or immunizations. The intrinsic ability of one naive CD8 T cell to give rise to more effector CD8 T cells than one memory CD8 T cell is independent of the number and quality of primary memory CD8 T cells present in vivo. The sustained proliferation of newly activated naive CD8 T cells contributed to their greater magnitude of expansion. Additionally, longitudinal analyses of primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses revealed that on a per-cell basis naive CD8 T cells generate higher numbers of long-lived memory cells than do primary memory CD8 T cells. This enhanced “memory generation potential” of responding naive CD8 T cells occurred despite the delayed contraction of secondary CD8 T cell responses. Taken together, the data in this study revealed previously unappreciated differences between naive and memory CD8 T cells and will help further define the functional potential for both cell types.
Early Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-2 Responses to Vaccination Predict the Late Resting Memory in Malaria-Naïve and Malaria-Exposed Individuals

ABSTRACT Two different cell populations respond to potent T-cell-inducing vaccinations. The induction and loss of effector cells can be seen using an ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, but the more durable resting memory response is demonstrable by a cultured ELISPOT assay. The relationship of the early effector response to durable resting memory is incompletely understood. Effector phenotype is usually identified by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production, but interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been specifically linked to the differentiation of memory cells. Here, IFN-γ- and IL-2-secreting effector cells were identified by an ex vivo ELISPOT assay 1 week after vaccination and compared with the resting memory responses detected by a cultured ELISPOT assay 3 months later. The different kinetics and induction of IL-2 by different vaccines and natural exposure are described. Furthermore, both early IFN-γ and IL-2 production independently predicted subsequent memory responses at 3 months in malaria-naïve volunteers, but only IFN-γ predicted memory in malaria-exposed volunteers. However, dual ELISPOT assays were also performed on malaria-exposed volunteers to identify cells producing both cytokines simultaneously. This demonstrated that double-cytokine-producing cells were highly predictive of memory. This assay may be useful in predicting vaccinations most likely to generate stable, long-term memory responses.
Anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies are associated with pregnancy loss in women with the lupus anticoagulant

Summary The presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) predisposes to fetal loss and to venous and arterial thrombosis; however, a subgroup of women is unaffected by pregnancy loss. Currently, no predictive markers are available for the identification of women positive for LA at increased risk for pregnancy loss. It was the aim of our study to investigate whether increased anti-β2-GPI-antibodies predict pregnancy loss in women positive for LA. We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 39 women with persistent LA, who had in total 111 pregnancies. Fifteen women had exclusively normal pregnancies (30 pregnancies) and 24 women had pregnancy losses (81 pregnancies). Anti-β2-GPI-antibodies were determined using a semiquantitative enzyme linked immunoassay (QUANTA Lite™ β2 GPI IgG and IgM; Inova Diagnostics). Increased levels of anti-β2-GPI antibodies were significantly associated with pregnancy loss [odds ratio (OR) 9.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6 – 56.4]. This risk was even higher in the subgroup of women (n=16) with more than two miscarriages or fetal loss after the first trimester [OR 13.1, 95% CI 1.4 – 126.3]. There was no significant association between anticardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss [OR 3.5, 95% CI 0.7 – 17.6]. The coexistence of anti-β2-GPI and anticardiolipin antibodies was also predictive for pregnancy loss [OR 6.1, 95%CI 1.3 – 29.7]. Interestingly, the prevalence of thrombosis was similar between women with normal pregnancy (87%) and those with pregnancy loss (75%). We conclude that increased levels of anti-β2-GPI antibodies are predictive for pregnancy loss among women positive for LA, and that prophylactic treatment should be considered in these women even without a history of previous pregnancy loss.
MICROSURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE SUPRACEREBELLAR TRANSTENTORIAL APPROACH TO THE POSTERIOR MEDIOBASAL TEMPORAL REGION: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH A CASE ILLUSTRATION

OBJECTIVE Surgical access to the posterior portion of the mediobasal temporal lobe presents a formidable challenge to neurosurgeons, and much controversy still exists regarding the selection of the surgical approach to this region. The supracerebellar transtentorial (SCTT) approach to the posterior mediobasal temporal region can be used as an alternative to the subtemporal or transtemporal approaches. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the surgical anatomy of the SCTT approach and review the gyral, sulcal, and vascular anatomy of the posterior mediobasal temporal lobe. The use of this approach in the resection of a ganglioglioma located in the left posterior parahippocampal gyrus is illustrated. METHODS The SCTT approach to the posterior parahippocampal gyrus was performed on three silicone-injected cadaveric heads. The gyral, sulcal, and arterial anatomy of the posterior mediobasal temporal lobe was studied in six formalin-fixed injected hemispheres. RESULTS The SCTT approach provided a direct path to the posterior mediobasal temporal lobe and exposed the posterior parahippocampal gyrus as well as the adjacent gyri in all of the cadaveric specimens. Through this approach, gross total resection of the ganglioglioma was possible in our patient. CONCLUSION The SCTT approach provided a viable surgical route to the posterior mediobasal temporal lobe in the cadaveric studies. This approach provides an advantage over the subtemporal and transtemporal routes in that there is less temporal lobe retraction.
Effects of growth hormone treatment on serum levels of insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins 1–4 in postmenopausal women

Insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) modulate the actions and bioavailability of insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs), however, their regulation in vivo is incompletely understood. In this study we investigated the effects of different doses of growth hormone (GH) on circulating levels of IGFs and IGFBPs.
Evaluating Business Process Maturity Models

Maturity models have become important aids to support process improvement. However, researchers have frequently criticized the many business process maturity models (BPMMs) for differing in quality, which creates a demand for comparing and evaluating these models. This paper describes a well-founded, ranked, and weighted set of critical criteria for BPMMs that are most important to prospective users. The paper also demonstrates how this set can serve as a standard or guideline for designing BPMMs. In evaluating the used sample of BPMMs against the set of criteria, we reveal gaps and shortcomings of current BPMMs, make suggestions for raising the quality of BPMMs, and highlight future research avenues.
The effect of migration on cancer incidence among Japanese in Hawaii.

OBJECTIVES This analysis compared cancer incidence trends among Japanese in Japan, and Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii, between 1960 and 1997, and estimated the impact of migration on the incidence of different cancers. METHODS Incidence information was obtained from 8 volumes of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. The migration effect was estimated from the areas under the incidence curves as the ratio of the geographic and the ethnic difference in cumulative cancer incidence. RESULTS Among the 5 more common cancers, the migrant effect was strongest for colon and stomach cancers, prostate and breast cancers were affected to a lesser degree, and lung cancer risk differed little between Japanese in Japan and Hawaii. Migration led to lower risk of stomach, esophageal, pancreatic, liver, and cervical cancers, but to higher rates for all other cancers. The large variation in time for migrants to adopt the host population's cancer risk suggests that risk factors have organ-specific effects, or operate at different times in life. Although the available incidence rates are limited by under-reporting and early detection efforts, mortality rates confirm the significant differences in cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS The persistent difference in cancer incidence several generations after migration supports the idea that living in the host country is not, alone, sufficient to modify cancer risk for all cancer sites to the level of the host population. Although the migration effect can be partially explained by known etiologic factors, a large proportion of the changing risk remains unexplained.
Obesity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic heterogeneous disorder, with a likely genetic origin, influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition and physical activity. The main clinical features of PCOS are related to hyperandrogenism, such as hirsutism, acne and menstrual disorders (Moran et al., 1994; Azziz, et al., 2004; Carmina et al., 2006). PCOS is also associated with overweight or obesity (Azziz, et al., 2004), mainly abdominal adiposity (Moran et al., 1999). The etiology of PCOS is unknown. The genetic origin is based on the observation that PCOS is more frequent among the sisters and mothers of these patients (Lunde et al., 1989; Govind et al., 1999). Moreover, in a study done with twins, a higher correlation in the presence of PCOS is observed more in monozygotic than in dizygotic (Vink et al., 2006). Multiple genes related to the production of androgen, the function of the gonadotropin, the action of insulin and the regulation of energy have been evaluated. Although associations of some genes with clinical disorders of PCOS have been found, in specific regions and determined polymorphisms, the findings of studies and in different populations have not been consistent (Wood et al., 2003).
Observed parenting behaviors interact with a polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene to predict the emergence of oppositional defiant and callous–unemotional behaviors at age 3 years

Abstract Using the Durham Child Health and Development Study, this study (N = 171) tested whether observed parenting behaviors in infancy (6 and 12 months) and toddlerhood/preschool (24 and 36 months) interacted with a child polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene to predict oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and callous–unemotional (CU) behaviors at age 3 years. Child genotype interacted with observed harsh and intrusive (but not sensitive) parenting to predict ODD and CU behaviors. Harsh–intrusive parenting was more strongly associated with ODD and CU for children with a methionine allele of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene. CU behaviors were uniquely predicted by harsh–intrusive parenting in infancy, whereas ODD behaviors were predicted by harsh–intrusive parenting in both infancy and toddlerhood/preschool. The results are discussed from the perspective of the contributions of caregiving behaviors as contributing to distinct aspects of early onset disruptive behavior.
Prevalence of β-thalassemia trait in premarital screening in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND The Al-Hassa area is one of the regions in Saudi Arabia where hemoglobinopathies are prevalent. The Saudi Ministry Of Heath designed a protocol for premarital testing after the royal decree in December 2003. The protocol was implemented in a February 2004 order. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of β-thalassemia trait among subjects coming for premarital screening in the Al-Hassa area. SUBJECTS AND METHODS From February 2004 to November 2004, healthy subjects coming to six marriages consultation centers in the Al-Hassa area underwent routine mandatory tests. Subjects were considered to have β-thalassemia trait if they had a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <80 fL and/or a mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) <27 pg and a hemoglobin A2 level >3.2%. Venous blood was taken into an EDTA tube and the complete blood count and red blood cell indices were measured by a Coulter automated cell counter on the same day of hemoglobin collection. Electrophoresis was done on cellulose acetate. RESULTS All Saudi participants (n=8918), including 4218 (47.3%) males and 4700 (52.7%) females were screened. The prevalence of β-thassemia trait with high hemoglobin A2 and microcytic hypochromic anemia was 3.4% (307/8918). CONCLUSION In countries with a high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies, a premarital screening program is helpful for identification and prevention of high-risk marriages. With a 3.4% prevalence of β-thalassemia trait in premarital couples, future comprehensive programs are needed to know the actual prevalence of β-thalassemia in Al-Hassa.
Fault injection into SRAM-based FPGAs for the analysis of SEU effects

SRAM-based FPGAs are currently utilized in applications such as industrial and space applications where high availability and reliability and low cost are important constraints. The technology of such devices is sensible to Single Event Upsets (SEUs) that may be originated mainly from heavy ion radiation. This paper presents a fault injection method that is based on emulated SEU on the configuration bitstream file of commercial SRAM-based FPGA devices to study the error propagation in these devices. To demonstrate the method, an Altera FPGA, i.e. the Flex10K200, and the ITC'99 benchmark circuits are used. A fault injection tool is developed to inject emulated SEU faults into the circuits. The results show that between 33 to 45 percent of the SEUs injected to the FPGA device have propagated to the output terminals of the device.
The p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Activates Akt (Protein Kinase B) through a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-dependent Pathway*

The Akt kinase plays a crucial role in supporting Trk-dependent cell survival, whereas the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) facilitates cellular apoptosis. The precise mechanism that p75NTR uses to promote cell death is not certain, but one possibility is that p75NTR-dependent ceramide accumulation inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated Akt activation. To test this hypothesis, we developed a system for examining p75NTR-dependent apoptosis and determined the effect of p75NTR on Akt activation. Surprisingly, p75NTR increased, rather than decreased, Akt phosphorylation in a variety of cell types, including human Niemann-Pick fibroblasts, which lack acidic sphingomyelinase activity. The p75NTR expression level required to elicit Akt phosphorylation was much lower than that required to activate the JNK pathway or to mediate apoptosis. We show that p75NTR-dependent Akt phosphorylation was independent of TrkA signaling, required active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and was associated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p85 and Shc and with reduced cytosolic tyrosine phosphatase activity. Finally, we show that p75NTR expression increased survival in cells exposed to staurosporine or subjected to serum withdrawal. These findings indicate that p75NTR facilitates cell survival through novel signaling cascades that result in Akt activation.
Clinical aspects of parvovirus B19 infection

Parvovirus B19 is a significant human pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of clinical complications ranging from mild, self‐limiting erythema infectiosum in immunocompetent children to lethal cytopenias in immunocompromised patients and intrauterine foetal death in primary infected pregnant women. The infection may also be persistent and can mimic or trigger autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Another important clinical aspect to consider is the risk of infection through B19‐contaminated blood products. Recent advances in diagnosis and pathogenesis, new insights in the cellular immune response and newly discovered genotypes of human parvoviruses form a platform for the development of modern therapeutic and prophylactic alternatives.
Afferent projections to the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and interfascicular nucleus: A horseradish peroxidase study in the rat

Using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a study has been made of projections to the ventral tegmental area of Tsai (VTA) and related dopaminergic cell groups (A 10). In order to minimise the possibility of damage to fibres of passage, a technique was evolved for the microiontophoresis of HRP such that minimal current strengths and durations were applied. In addition to a sham injection, control injections were also made to the medial leminiscus, red nucleus, deep tegmental decussations, mesencephalic reticular formation and brachium conjunctivum. Following HRP injections confined to the areas of the VTA containing the dopamine cell groups, labelled neurons appeared in prefrontal cortex, dorsal bank of rhinal sulcus, nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, amygdala, diagonal band of Broca, substantia innominata, magnocellular preoptic area, medial and lateral preoptic areas, anterior, lateral and postero‐dorsal hypothalamus, lateral habenular, nucleus parafascicular nucleus of thalamus, superior colliculus, nucleus raphe dorsalis, nucleus raphe magnus and pontis, dorsal and ventral parabrachial nuclei, locus coeruleus and deep cerebellar nuclei. Regions containing catecholamine goups A 1, A 5, A 6, A 7, A 9, A 13 and the serotonin group B 7 corresponded to the topography of labeled cell groups. Injections of HRP to the interfascicular nucleus resulted in labeling predominantly confined to the medial habenular and median raphe nuclei. The results are discussed in relation to the known connections of these regions. Other regions of the brain labelled by VTA injections are assessed in relation to control injections and the limitations of the HRP technique.