Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond cool: adapting upland streams for climate change using riparian woodlands

Managed adaptation could reduce the risks of climate change to the world's ecosystems, but there have been surprisingly few practical evaluations of the options available. For example, riparian woodland is advocated widely as shade to reduce warming in temperate streams, but few studies have considered collateral effects on species composition or ecosystem functions. Here, we use cross‐sectional analyses at two scales (region and within streams) to investigate whether four types of riparian management, including those proposed to reduce potential climate change impacts, might also affect the composition, functional character, dynamics and energetic resourcing of macroinvertebrates in upland Welsh streams (UK). Riparian land use across the region had only small effects on invertebrate taxonomic composition, while stable isotope data showed how energetic resources assimilated by macroinvertebrates in all functional guilds were split roughly 50:50 between terrestrial and aquatic origins irrespective of riparian management. Nevertheless, streams draining the most extensive deciduous woodland had the greatest stocks of coarse particulate matter (CPOM) and greater numbers of ‘shredding’ detritivores. Stream‐scale investigations showed that macroinvertebrate biomass in deciduous woodland streams was around twice that in moorland streams, and lowest of all in streams draining non‐native conifers. The unexpected absence of contrasting terrestrial signals in the isotopic data implies that factors other than local land use affect the relative incorporation of allochthonous subsidies into riverine food webs. Nevertheless, our results reveal how planting deciduous riparian trees along temperate headwaters as an adaptation to climate change can modify macroinvertebrate function, increase biomass and potentially enhance resilience by increasing basal resources where cover is extensive (>60 m riparian width). We advocate greater urgency in efforts to understand the ecosystem consequences of climate change adaptation to guide future actions.
Schwangerschaft bei systemischem Lupus erythematodes

Zusammenfassung Der systemische Lupus erythematodes (SLE) ist eine komplexe Autoimmunerkrankung und betrifft vor allem Frauen im reproduktiven Alter. Eine Konsequenz daraus ist die häufige Interaktion mit Kinderwunsch und Schwangerschaft. Der Ausgang von Schwangerschaften bei SLE hat sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten unzweifelhaft verbessert, mit einem deutlichen Anstieg der Anzahl an Lebendgeburten. Dennoch kann eine Schwangerschaft für Lupus-Patientinnen mit erheblichen mütterlichen und kindlichen Risiken verbunden sein. Eine adäquate Betreuung in der Schwangerschaft umfasst eine gynäkologisch-rheumatologische Zusammenarbeit, ein abgesprochenes und definiertes Management sowie eine erfahrene Neonatologie. Jede SLE-Schwangerschaft sollte im Rahmen eines präkonzeptionellen Gesprächs geplant werden, um das individuelle Risiko einzuschätzen.
Not all droughts are created equal: the impacts of interannual drought pattern and magnitude on grassland carbon cycling

Climate extremes, such as drought, may have immediate and potentially prolonged effects on carbon cycling. Grasslands store approximately one‐third of all terrestrial carbon and may become carbon sources during droughts. However, the magnitude and duration of drought‐induced disruptions to the carbon cycle, as well as the mechanisms responsible, remain poorly understood. Over the next century, global climate models predict an increase in two types of drought: chronic but subtle ‘press‐droughts’, and shorter term but extreme ‘pulse‐droughts’. Much of our current understanding of the ecological impacts of drought comes from experimental rainfall manipulations. These studies have been highly valuable, but are often short term and rarely quantify carbon feedbacks. To address this knowledge gap, we used the Community Land Model 4.0 to examine the individual and interactive effects of pulse‐ and press‐droughts on carbon cycling in a mesic grassland of the US Great Plains. A series of modeling experiments were imposed by varying drought magnitude (precipitation amount) and interannual pattern (press‐ vs. pulse‐droughts) to examine the effects on carbon storage and cycling at annual to century timescales. We present three main findings. First, a single‐year pulse‐drought had immediate and prolonged effects on carbon storage due to differential sensitivities of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production. Second, short‐term pulse‐droughts caused greater carbon loss than chronic press‐droughts when total precipitation reductions over a 20‐year period were equivalent. Third, combining pulse‐ and press‐droughts had intermediate effects on carbon loss compared to the independent drought types, except at high drought levels. Overall, these results suggest that interannual drought pattern may be as important for carbon dynamics as drought magnitude and that extreme droughts may have long‐lasting carbon feedbacks in grassland ecosystems.
Convergent elevation trends in canopy chemical traits of tropical forests

The functional biogeography of tropical forests is expressed in foliar chemicals that are key physiologically based predictors of plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions including climate. However, understanding the degree to which environmental filters sort the canopy chemical characteristics of forest canopies remains a challenge. Here, we report on the elevation and soil‐type dependence of forest canopy chemistry among 75 compositionally and environmentally distinct forests in nine regions, with a total of 7819 individual trees representing 3246 species collected, identified and assayed for foliar traits. We assessed whether there are consistent relationships between canopy chemical traits and both elevation and soil type, and evaluated the general role of phylogeny in mediating patterns of canopy traits within and across communities. Chemical trait variation and partitioning suggested a general model based on four interconnected findings. First, geographic variation at the soil‐Order level, expressing broad changes in fertility, underpins major shifts in foliar phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca). Second, elevation‐dependent shifts in average community leaf dry mass per area (LMA), chlorophyll, and carbon allocation (including nonstructural carbohydrates) are most strongly correlated with changes in foliar Ca. Third, chemical diversity within communities is driven by differences between species rather than by plasticity within species. Finally, elevation‐ and soil‐dependent changes in N, LMA and leaf carbon allocation are mediated by canopy compositional turnover, whereas foliar P and Ca are driven more by changes in site conditions than by phylogeny. Our findings have broad implications for understanding the global ecology of humid tropical forests, and their functional responses to changing climate.
A welfare assessment of methods used for harvesting, hunting and population control of kangaroos and wallabies.

In Australia, several macropod species are subjected to commercial harvesting, recreational hunting and population management, using both lethal and non-lethal measures. Some techniques for killing macropods can cause prolonged and/or severe suffering, and of particular concern is the welfare of remaining pouch young or young-at-foot, when females with dependent young are killed. Non-lethal methods are more widely supported by the general public and include reproductive control and relocation. These methods, however, also have significant associated welfare challenges. This review outlines the welfare concerns for each current method, and concludes that an accurate head-shot by an experienced shooter is least likely to inflict suffering. However, this assumes best practice shooting, which may not be representative of field conditions. Furthermore, many aspects of macropod control and killing still require significant research. These include, but are not limited to: accurate statistics for pouch young and young-at-foot mortality and morbidity in Australian states; data on field-based compliance with National Codes of Practice; safe and remote administration of reproductive control measures; and the impact of using dogs and trapping in wallaby destruction and hunting.
System Architecture to Realize Widely Applicable and Interactive Behavior of the Robot

We designed a system architecture and an environment that enables the development of interactive robots under the open development process. In the proposed architecture, an individual developer develops each module by his own decision and the total system is developed by the cooperation of these developers. To realize smooth collaboration of these developers, we provide an environment to support the proper activity of the developers. Here, inter-module cooperation architecture is required to avoid the confliction between the modules developed by each developer. Selection of the appropriate modules from the developed modules should be executed instantly, but at the same time the selection should be best situated to the tasks. To realize both interactive and reasonable behavior of the robot, we introduce a priority based cooperation mechanism for modules. The priority for each module under the various situations is described in a Situated-Priority Description Script (SPDS). Flexible module selection is realized by the modification of the SPDS under the various situations and the tasks. We also evaluate the efficiency of proposed architecture through the development of the multi-modal conversation robot.
Retracting, Replacing, and Correcting the Literature for Pervasive Error in Which the Results Change but the Underlying Science Is Still Reliable.

In this issue of JAMA Psychiatry, Lopes and colleagues1 request retractionandreplacementof their article titled“Gamma Ventral Capsulotomy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ”2 After an error was discovered by Baethge,3 as also reported in a letter herein, the authors reviewed the data and confirmed an important but inadvertent error had occurred.As the authors explain in their letter to the editor,1 this error involved a miscomputation of a treatment response for 1 of the 8 trial participants in the treatment group. This error resulted in an erroneous Yale -Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score of 36 instead of 30 for that participant, which the authors counted as a responder to the treatment rather than a nonresponder. Thus, the number of responders in the treatment group at 12 months (as per the primary outcome reported in the trial protocol) is 2 of 8 participants rather than the originally reported 3 of 8 participants. Because of this error, the authors reconducted the analysis and provided a corrected article with corrections to the Abstract; Results, Discussion, and Conclusions sections of the article; and relevant tables and figures in the article and online supplement. The authors have confirmed that there are no additional errors. The corrected article has been reviewed and we have confirmed that the primary outcome has changed as stated in the corrected article: “Two of 8 patients randomized to active treatment responded at 12 months, and none of the 8 sham-GVC patients responded (the absolute difference was not statistically significant: 0.25; 95% CI, 0.05-0.55; P = .11). ”2 Retractions are typically reserved for articles that have resulted from scientific misconduct, such as fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism, or from pervasive error for which the results cannot be substantiated.4-6 In scientific publication, a pervasive error could result from a coding problem or a miscalculation and results in extensive inaccuracies throughout an article (eg, abstract, methods, results, discussion, conclusions, tables, and figures). Publication of pervasive incorrect data resulting in a major change in the direction or significance of the results, interpretations, and conclusions, as occurredwith the trial reported by Lopes et al,2 is a seriousmatter. However, in this case, the error was inadvertent and the underlyingscience is still reliableand important.Thus,wenow publish this notice of retraction and replacement with explanation from the authors1 and a corrected replacement article2 aswebelieve it is important for readers, investigators, and clinicians to have access to correct results of this trial. We have includedaversionof theoriginal retracted article showing the original errors and a version of the replacement article showing what was corrected in the online supplement of the corrected replacement article.2
Cefaléia de origem cervical

O papel desempenhado pelas anormalidades da coluna cervical na gênese da cefaléia cervicogênica é destacado. O trabalho é o de análise do papel das disfunções e das anormalidades da coluna cervical na gênese das algias crânio-faciais. É ressaltada a importância da síndromes dolorosas miofasciais na gênese das cefaléias e do tratamento farmacológico e dos procedimentosde medicina física no controle desta condição álgica. A compreensão do papel destas anormalidades é importante, nãoapenas com finalidade de classificação como também para o estabelecimento de condutas terapêuticas em casos de dor crânio-facial.
Wood anatomy and carbon‐isotope discrimination support long‐term hydraulic deterioration as a major cause of drought‐induced dieback

Hydraulic impairment due to xylem embolism and carbon starvation are the two proposed mechanisms explaining drought‐induced forest dieback and tree death. Here, we evaluate the relative role played by these two mechanisms in the long‐term by quantifying wood‐anatomical traits (tracheid size and area of parenchyma rays) and estimating the intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) from carbon isotopic discrimination. We selected silver fir and Scots pine stands in NE Spain with ongoing dieback processes and compared trees showing contrasting vigour (declining vs nondeclining trees). In both species earlywood tracheids in declining trees showed smaller lumen area with thicker cell wall, inducing a lower theoretical hydraulic conductivity. Parenchyma ray area was similar between the two vigour classes. Wet spring and summer conditions promoted the formation of larger lumen areas, particularly in the case of nondeclining trees. Declining silver firs presented a lower iWUE than conspecific nondeclining trees, but the reverse pattern was observed in Scots pine. The described patterns in wood anatomical traits and iWUE are coherent with a long‐lasting deterioration of the hydraulic system in declining trees prior to their dieback. Retrospective quantifications of lumen area permit to forecast dieback in declining trees 2–5 decades before growth decline started. Wood anatomical traits provide a robust tool to reconstruct the long‐term capacity of trees to withstand drought‐induced dieback.
Black carbon aerosol from biochar threats its negative emission potential

Keywords: biochar ; Black Carbon ; emissions ; Net Emission Technology ; radiative forcing Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-221786doi:10.1111/gcb.13254View record in Web of Science Record created on 2016-10-18, modified on 2016-12-02
Progressive Strength Training Based upon the Principle of Overloading for a 86-Year-Old Hip Fracture Patient. A Case Report

ABSTRACT Hip fracture can drastically change functional level for elder patients. Between 22% and 75% of hip fracture patients do not recover their previous ambulatory or functional status after fracture. The purpose of this case report is to show how to use the principle of overload in the training of a hip fracture patient, here related to an 86-year-old woman. After 36 times of prolonged strength training there was both observed and clinical evidence of improvement in the patient's functional status. The program comprised four exercises performed at 80% of maximum. The outcome measurements was the Berg Balance Scale, the Sit-to-Stand test, Timed Up-and-Go test, Maximal Gait Speed, 6-Minute Walk Test, the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale, and the Short Form-12 Health Status Questionnaire, all of which showed improvement at both six and nine months of follow-up. These findings show that a program of progressive and prolonged strength training can help in recovery from hip fracture. It seems important for this patient to participate in strenuous exercises for overcoming bodily limitations to achieve increased vitality and improved quality of life.
Differential plasticity of size and mass to environmental change in a hibernating mammal

Morphological changes following changes in species' distribution and phenology have been suggested to be the third universal response to global environmental change. Although structural size and body mass result from different genetic, physiological, and ecological mechanisms, they are used interchangeably in studies evaluating population responses to environmental change. Using a 22‐year (1991–2013) dataset including 1768 individuals, we investigated the coupled dynamics of size and mass in a hibernating mammal, the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota), in response to local environmental conditions. We (i) quantified temporal trends in both traits, (ii) determined the environmental drivers of trait dynamics, and (iii) identified the life‐history processes underlying the observed changes. Both phenotypic traits were followed through life: we focused on the initial trait value (juvenile size and mass) and later‐life development (annual change in size [Δsize] and mass [Δmass]). First, we demonstrated contrasting dynamics between size and mass over the study period. Juvenile size and subsequent Δsize showed significant declines, whereas juvenile mass and subsequent Δmass remained constant. As a consequence of smaller size associated with a similar mass, individuals were in better condition in recent years. Second, size and mass showed different sensitivities to environmental variables. Both traits benefited from early access to resources in spring, whereas Δmass, particularly in early life, also responded to summer and winter conditions. Third, the interannual variation in both traits was caused by changes in early life development. Our study supports the importance of considering the differences between size and mass responses to the environment when evaluating the mechanisms underlying population dynamics. The current practice of focusing on only one trait in population modeling can lead to misleading conclusions when evaluating species' resilience to contemporary climate change.
Activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells exacerbates and confers corticosteroid resistance to mouse nasal type 2 inflammation

Both Th2 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to allergic diseases. However, their exact role and relationship in nasal allergic disorders are unclear. In this study, we investigated the cooperation of Th2 cells and ILC2s in a mouse model of nasal allergic disorder. To differentially activate Th2 cells and/or ILC2s in nasal mucosa, mice were intra-nasally administered ovalbumin (OVA) antigen, papain, an ILC2-activator, or both for 2 weeks. Epithelial thickness and number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa were evaluated at 24 h after the final challenge. Intra-nasal administration of OVA and papain preferentially activated Th2 cells and ILC2s, respectively, in the nose. Both OVA and papain increased the nasal epithelial thickness and number of eosinophils, and their coadministration significantly enhanced the symptoms. Although T-/B-cell-deficient mice showed severely decreased nasal symptoms induced by OVA or OVA-plus-papain, the mice still showed slight papain-induced nasal symptoms. In ILC2-deficient mice, OVA-plus-papain-induced nasal symptoms were suppressed to the same level as OVA-alone. Similarly, IL-33- and ST2-deficient mice showed decreased OVA-plus-papain-induced nasal symptoms. IL-5 induced eosinophilia only, but IL-13 contributed to both nasal epithelial thickening and eosinophilia induced by OVA-plus-papain. Dexamethasone ameliorated OVA-alone-induced nasal epithelial thickening. However, OVA-plus-papain-induced nasal epithelial thickening was only partially controlled by dexamethasone. These results demonstrate that IL-33/ST2-pathway-mediated ILC2 activation exacerbated Th2-cell-induced nasal inflammation by producing IL-13. Although Th2-cell-alone-induced nasal inflammation was controlled by corticosteroid treatment, the activation of ILC2s conferred treatment resistance. Therefore, ILC2s and their activators could be therapeutic targets for treatment-refractory nasal allergic disorders.
Premature Mortality and Schizophrenia-The Need to Heal Right From the Start.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Philipsen reported serving on advisory boards, giving lectures, performing phase 3 studies, or receiving travel grants within the last 3 years from Eli Lilly and Co, Lundbeck, MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH and Co KG, Novartis, Servier, and Shire; and has authored books and articles on psychotherapy published by Elsevier, Hogrefe, Schattauer, Kohlhammer, Karger, and Springer. Dr Tebartz van Elst reported serving on advisory boards, giving lectures, or receiving travel grants within the last 3 years from Eli Lilly and Co, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Shire, UCB, GlaxoSmithKline, Servier, and Cyberonics. No other disclosures were reported.
Land‐use change affects water recycling in Brazil's last agricultural frontier

Historically, conservation‐oriented research and policy in Brazil have focused on Amazon deforestation, but a majority of Brazil's deforestation and agricultural expansion has occurred in the neighboring Cerrado biome, a biodiversity hotspot comprised of dry forests, woodland savannas, and grasslands. Resilience of rainfed agriculture in both biomes likely depends on water recycling in undisturbed Cerrado vegetation; yet little is known about how changes in land‐use and land‐cover affect regional climate feedbacks in the Cerrado. We used remote sensing techniques to map land‐use change across the Cerrado from 2003 to 2013. During this period, cropland agriculture more than doubled in area from 1.2 to 2.5 million ha, with 74% of new croplands sourced from previously intact Cerrado vegetation. We find that these changes have decreased the amount of water recycled to the atmosphere via evapotranspiration (ET) each year. In 2013 alone, cropland areas recycled 14 km3 less (−3%) water than if the land cover had been native Cerrado vegetation. ET from single‐cropping systems (e.g., soybeans) is less than from natural vegetation in all years, except in the months of January and February, the height of the growing season. In double‐cropping systems (e.g., soybeans followed by corn), ET is similar to or greater than natural vegetation throughout a majority of the wet season (December–May). As intensification and extensification of agricultural production continue in the region, the impacts on the water cycle and opportunities for mitigation warrant consideration. For example, if an environmental goal is to minimize impacts on the water cycle, double cropping (intensification) might be emphasized over extensification to maintain a landscape that behaves more akin to the natural system.