Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breast dose reduction with organ-based, wide-angle tube current modulated CT

Abstract. This study aimed to estimate the organ dose reduction potential for organ-dose-based tube current modulated (ODM) thoracic computed tomography (CT) with a wide dose reduction arc. Twenty-one computational anthropomorphic phantoms (XCAT) were used to create a virtual patient population with clinical anatomic variations. The phantoms were created based on patient images with normal anatomy (age range: 27 to 66 years, weight range: 52.0 to 105.8 kg). For each phantom, two breast tissue compositions were simulated: 50/50 and 20/80 (glandular-to-adipose ratio). A validated Monte Carlo program (PENELOPE, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain) was used to estimate the organ dose for standard tube current modulation (TCM) (SmartmA, GE Healthcare) and ODM (GE Healthcare) for a commercial CT scanner (Revolution, GE Healthcare) using a typical clinical thoracic CT protocol. Both organ dose and CTDIvol-to-organ dose conversion coefficients (h factors) were compared between TCM and ODM. ODM significantly reduced all radiosensitive organ doses (p<0.01). The breast dose was reduced by 30±2%. For h factors, organs in the anterior region (e.g., thyroid and stomach) exhibited substantial decreases, and the medial, distributed, and posterior region saw either an increase of less than 5% or no significant change. ODM significantly reduced organ doses especially for radiosensitive superficial anterior organs such as the breasts.
Improvement of chemical vapor deposition graphene for quantum Hall resistance standards

Quantum Hall (QH) standard devices based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene have not shown properties as excellent as the one based on epitaxial graphene on SiC. This is because of the impurity, defects and inhomogeneity. In this paper, we demonstrate the progress on improving the quality of CVD graphene by the surface acidic processing and the low oxygen growth procedure.
Predicting Words from their Description

6 We attempt to predict words from phrases that describe them. This task is 7 motivated by automatic summarization and the various work on matching 8 descriptions to images, as well as intrinsic curiosity of the author. Since 9 this appears to be a novel task without an existing state-of-the-art, we 10 explore neural network models ranging from the extremely basic up through 11 models of medium complexity in an attempt to glean the difficulty of the 12 problem. Models were trained on a mixture of Princeton Wordnet and 13 Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary. An attempt was made to compensate for 14 the relatively small number of training examples per class by leveraging the 15 similarity metric built in to GloVe pretrained vectors. Over the models 16 tested, the best performance was obtained by averaging a phrase’s 17 distributed word vectors and feeding that into one-hidden-layer neural 18 network. This trained network achieved a test accuracy of 28% on a 19 vocabulary size of 100, and an accuracy of 2.9% on a vocabulary size of 20 4000. While low in an absolute sense, these results greatly outperform 21 random guessing and a simple cosine similarity model. 22
Integrated cytochrome P450 reaction phenotyping: attempting to bridge the gap between cDNA-expressed cytochromes P450 and native human liver microsomes.

With the increased availability of human liver tissue, recombinant (cDNA-expressed) cytochrome P450 proteins (rCYPs), and knowledge of the human CYP pool (e.g. immunoquantitated levels of each CYP form in native liver microsomes), it is now possible to carry out in vitro "CYP reaction phenotyping" in an integrated manner. Reaction phenotyping allows one to identify which CYP form(s) is (are) involved in the metabolism of a given drug, using a combination of data obtained with native human liver microsomes and rCYP proteins. The following describes how one can attempt to integrate such data. A total of ten drugs are included in the analysis, represented by twelve reactions (six hydroxylations, two O-demethylations, one N-demethylation, one O-deethylation, and two sulfoxidations) that are largely catalyzed (> or =20%) by various combinations of CYPs (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP2D6), and characterized by a wide range of apparent Km values (12-820 microM). Briefly, reaction rates measured with individual rCYPs are normalized with respect to the nominal specific content of the corresponding CYP in native human liver microsomes. In turn, the normalized rates for each rCYP are summed, yielding a "total normalized rate" (TNR), and the normalized rate for each rCYP is expressed as a percent of the TNR (% TNR). Finally, % TNR is related to inhibition (percent inhibition in the presence of CYP form selective chemical inhibitors; % I) and univariate regression analysis (r > or = 0.63; P < or = 0.05; N > or = 10 different livers) data obtained with native human liver microsomes. Therefore, the reaction phenotype of a drug is assigned by integrating all three data sets (r, % TNR, and % I).
Investigating the Demand for Coastal Non-Bulk Freight Shipping in Queensland

As road transport dominates freight transport in Queensland, with consequent externalities in terms of increased road risk, road congestion, and air pollution, this study explores whether coastal shipping could be an option for freight transport in the Brisbane-Townsville corridor. If demand for coastal shipping existed, the current restrictive coastal freight transport regulations could be lifted or at least modified to increase sea transport competitiveness. A discrete choice experiment was administered to a sample of shippers and freight forwarders in Queensland to elicit their preferences for road, rail or sea transport. A stated preferences study was designed and discrete choice models were estimated, revealing that about 30% of the choices of 64 company representatives were for the coastal shipping option. Model estimates revealed a willingness to pay of about 20 AUD/h for saving one hour of transit time in the corridor, a higher direct elasticity for road transport with respect to cost, a higher direct elasticity for sea transport with respect to time, and an effect of road user charge on shifting from road transport. Interestingly, model estimates showed the tendency of half of the sample to ignore either transport or cost (if not both) in their mode choice decisions, and in this case the willingness to pay increased to about 30 to 44 AUD/h for decision-makers not ignoring time and cost in their decisions.
Follow‐up of serious offender patients in the community: multiple methods of tracing

Longitudinal studies of people with mental disorder are important in understanding outcome and intervention effects but attrition rates can be high. This study aimed to evaluate use of multiple record sources to trace, over 12 years, a one‐year discharge cohort of high‐security hospital patients. Everyone leaving such a hospital in 1984 was traced until a census date of 31 December 1995. Data were collected from several national databases (Office for National Statistics (ONS), Home Office (HO) Offenders' Index, Police National Computer Records, the Electoral Roll) and by hand‐searching responsible agency records (HO, National Health Service). Using all methods, only three of the 204 patients had no follow‐up information. Home Office Mental Health Unit data were an excellent source, but only for people still under discharge restrictions (<50% after eight years). Sequential tracing of hospital placements for people never or no longer under such restrictions was laborious and also produced only group‐specific yield. The best indicator of community residence was ONS information on general practitioner (GP/primary care) registration. The electoral roll was useful when other sources were exhausted. Follow‐up of offenders/offender‐patients has generally focused on event data, such as re‐offending. People untraced by that method alone, however, are unlikely to be lost to follow‐up on casting a wider records net. Using multiple records, attrition at the census was 38%, but, after certain assumptions, reduced further to 5%. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Halo effects in subjective performance evaluation : The influence of data gathering costs and relationship preservation

In this study, we use proprietary data from a retail organization to examine whether subjective ratings by supervisors exhibit patterns reflective of a “Halo effect” and the extent to which this Halo effect is affected by information gathering costs or efforts to preserve personal relationships and avoid conflict. We find evidence consistent with prior experimental research that subjective ratings are consistent with a Halo effect and show that this Halo effect declines over time, consistent with supervisors avoiding significant information gathering costs in early subjective ratings and, instead, anchoring on other, readily available information cues found in the objective measures and general ability impressions. We further find that the level of the subjective performance rating is positively associated with the strength of the supervisor-subordinate relationship, consistent with supervisors showing a desire to preserve a strong relationship and avoid conflict. Moreover, the association between subjective ratings and the DM’s general ability impression decreases when the supervisor-subordinate relationship is stronger, such that concerns about relationship preservation play a larger (smaller) role in supervisors’ tendency to give higher subjective ratings for low (high) ability subordinates. This study contributes to prior research by documenting in a field setting the presence of a Halo effect and providing theoretically-based evidence to distinguish between a costly information gathering reason for the documented effect and a social reason related to the preservation of personal relationships and conflict avoidance.
Querying the National Drug File Reference Terminology (NDFRT) to Assign Drugs to Decision Support Categories

INTRODUCTION The accurate categorization of drugs is a prerequisite for decision support rules. The manual process of creating drug classes can be laborious and error-prone. METHODS All 142 drug classes currently used at Regenstrief Institute for drug interaction alerts were extracted. These drug classes were replicated as fully-defined concepts in our local instance of the NDFRT knowledge base. The performance of these two strategies (manual classification vs. NDFRT-based queries) was compared, and the sensitivity and specificity of each was calculated. RESULTS Compared to existing manual classifications, NDFRT-based queries made a greater number of correct class-drug assignments: 1528 vs. 1266. NDFRT queries have greater sensitivity (74.9% vs. 62.1%) to classify drugs. However, they have less specificity (85.6% vs. 99.8%). CONCLUSION The NDFRT knowledge base shows promise for use in an automated strategy to improve the creation and update of drug classes. The chief disadvantage of our NDFRT-based approach was a greater number of false positive assignments due to the inclusion of non-systemic doseforms.
Perception of Symmetry in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Patients: Anthropometric, Demographic, and Psychological Analysis

Visual perception of symmetry is a major determinant of satisfaction after aesthetic rhinoplasty. In this study, we sought to investigate the existence of any relationship between anthropometric characteristics of the face and visual perceptions of asymmetry among rhinoplasty patients and to evaluate tools that can shed light on patients who appear at high risk for exaggerating potential asymmetries. In the first part, 168 rhinoplasty patients were asked to fill out the demographic questionnaire, nasal shape evaluation scale, and the somatosensory amplification scale. In the second part, we examined the relationship between anthropometric characteristics of the face and visual perceptions of asymmetry using standardized photographs of 100 medical students. In the third part, patients answered the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire 6 months after the surgery. Objectively, no symmetrical face was observed in the anthropometric evaluation. Subjectively, only 73% and 54% of the faces were considered asymmetrical by the rhinoplasty and the control groups, respectively. The rate of asymmetry perception was significantly greater in revision patients when compared with primary rhinoplasty patients. The relationship between the rate of subjective perception of asymmetry and the somatosensory amplification scale scores was statistically significant. We found a significant inverse relationship between the rate of asymmetry perception and the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation scores. Plastic surgeons should be aware of this high selectivity in asymmetry perception, which is associated with poor postoperative satisfaction. Somatosensory amplification scale may help identify rhinoplasty patients at a high risk for exaggerating potential asymmetries. Level of Evidence: III.
Indigestible Plastic Bags are Hindering Profitability of Dairy Production in Peri-Urban Kampala

Many Ugandans living in the urban and peri-urban areas have started dairy farming to tap into the demand for milk and its products, driven by the population growth. Unfortunately, they operate on a small scale because land and cattle feeds in the urban and peri-urban areas are limited. In addition, the peri-urban areas are contaminated with indigestible materials such as plastic bags which once consumed by the cattle impair health, cause loss of milk productivity and death. This report documents the findings from three cases referred to the ambulatory clinic at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL) in 2018. The cases were diagnosed as hardware disease and surgically treated by rumenotomy. In addition, a review of the patients’ data sheets in CDL was performed to identify other cases of hardware disease documented in 2018. Both metallic and non-metallic indigestible materials were recovered from the rumen and reticulum of the three animals operated. The indigestible foreign materials included nails, wire, plastic bags and a sisal rope. The common clinical signs coherent with the presence of indigestible materials were chronic emaciation and loss of appetite. The review of the patients’ data sheets showed that blood samples of 23 cases of suspected hardware disease were submitted to CDL in 2018 for diagnosis. It is paramount that farmers are sensitized about the effects of indigestible materials on the production of dairy animals. For, such an intervention would liberate the peri-urban dairy farmers from losses attributed to hardware disease.
Notice of RetractionPreparation and Acute Toxicological Effect of Hydrolyzed Collagen from Tilapia Scales

Tilapia scales were chosen to prepare hydrolyzed collagen using Papain and Alcalase following by decalcification in HCl and demineralization in Ca (OH)2. The degree of hydrolysis was 23.58%. After dehydrated, the white powder of density, ash, moisture and protein content were 0.22g/mL, 4.7%, 1.4% and 96% respectively. As results of amino acid composition, the amount of Gly, Pro, Hpro and Glu is up to 58% Hydrolyzed collagen were given to ICR mouse at dose of 20 g/kg body weight in both male and female mice(n = 10 per sex). There were no difference in gross morphological, physiological, behavioral changes were closely observed for 14 days, and zero mortality was obtained.
An integrated framework for the adoption and continuance intention to use mobile payment apps

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and test an integrated model of the modified technology readiness index (TRI) with the extended expectation-confirmation model, in the context of information technology (E-ECM-IT) to explain the adoption and the intention to continue to use mobile payment applications (apps). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 426 users of mobile payment apps across South Africa. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the factor structure of the measurement items while structural equation modelling was employed to validate the proposed model and testing the hypotheses. Findings The overall model explained 81 per cent of variance in adoption and 78.5 per cent in the intention to continue to use mobile payment services. “Drivers” were better predictors of adoption than “inhibitors” while satisfaction emerged as the strongest predictor of continuance intentions. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to empirically test an integrated modified TRI and E-ECM-IT model to supplement the paucity of research on the topic. The results show that the integrated model provides an enhanced way to understand the factors that influence adoption and continuance intention towards mobile payment apps. The results also add to existing knowledge of mobile technology literature.
Analysis of Accuracy of Modified Gradient Method in Indoor Radiolocalisation System

In this paper a new method, called modified gradient method, has been proposed for position calculation on the basis of distance measurement in indoor environment. It is shown that well known method of position calculation such as Foy is inefficient in indoor environment. In this article is also described the indoor radiolocalisation system which was used for collecting distance measurements which were employed for further comparative analysis of Foy and modified gradient method.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Raynaud's Phenomenon

Objective: TO evaluate the efficacy of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE (1966–March 2006) and Web of Science (1980–March 2006) were conducted; search terms were sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, phosphodiesterase, and Raynaud. Studies and case reports published in English were retrieved. Additional references were identified in bibliographic reviews. Data Synthesis: Several small studies and a number of case reports have described the use of PDE5 inhibitors in patients with either primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. The data from the best designed study show a reduced attack frequency and duration, reduced Raynaud Condition Score, and increased capillary blood flow in patients with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that sildenafil may be associated with improved microcirculation, symptomatic relief, and ulcer healing in patients with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Limited information suggests similar effects with tadalafil and vardenafil. Improved blood flow and clinical improvements have also been observed in some patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon treated with PDE5 inhibitors; however, studies have yielded conflicting results.
What makes health visiting successful—or not? 2. The service journey

This is the second of two articles reporting evidence from a programme of research that focused on how health visiting works, including service user and workforce perspectives. Evidence and professional expertise indicate that a set of essential features enable health visitors to achieve the desired impact of improving child public health. These include organising services in a way that enables positive parent–health visitor relationships, continuity and co-ordination and the flexibility to use professional knowledge and autonomy in practice. Where service specifications give careful attention to this evidence, it is more likely that health visitors will be able to deliver a successful child health programme for the early years.
An Active Mechanism for Completion of the Final Stage of Protein Degradation in the Liver, Lysosomal Transport of Dipeptides*

Accumulation of products of proteolysis (e.g. dipeptides) in lysosomes may have pathological consequences. In the present experiment we have investigated the existence of a dipeptide transporter in a membrane preparation of liver lysosomes using Gly-3H-Gln as the probe. The results showed that (a) there was transport of Gly-Gln into an osmotically reactive space inside the lysosomal membrane vesicles; (b) transport was stimulated by acidification (pH 5.0) of the external medium; (c) there was a coupling between transport of protons and Gly-Gln with a stoichiometry of 1:1; (d) the presence of both acidic pH and membrane potential was necessary for uphill transport of Gly-Gln; (e) a single transporter with a K m of 4.67 mm mediated the uptake of Gly-Gln; and (f) Gly-Gln uptake was inhibited by dipeptides and tripeptides but not by amino acids. The results suggest the presence of a low affinity proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter in the liver lysosomal membrane which mediates transfer of dipeptides from a region of low dipeptidase activity (intralysosome) to a region of high dipeptidase activity (cytosol). In this manner, the transporter provides an active mechanism for completion of the final stage of protein degradation.
Area-optimal three-layer channel routing

The channel routing problem in the knock-knee mode is considered. The algorithm presented always constructs a correct layout in a channel of bounded size, if there is one, and guarantees that it is wirable with only three conducting layers; that is, the layout is optimal with respect to the area and to the number of layers. The algorithm thus improves all previously known layout algorithms, which either use additional columns to produce a three-layer wirable layout or construct a layout for which the three-layer wirability is not proved. For the layer assignment only O(N) (N is the number of nets) vias are used. The algorithm can be implemented to run in O(N log N) time. <<ETX>>
Critical Success Factors Analysis on Effective Information Security Management: A Literature Review

Information security has been a crucial strategic issue in organizational management. Information security management is a systematic process of effectively coping with information security threats and risks in an organization. With the pressure of high implementation and maintenance cost, organizations need to distinguish between controls they need and those that are less critical. Applying critical success factors approach, this study proposes a theoretical model to investigate main factors that contribute to successful information security management. By reviewing the information security standards and literature in IS field, six critical success factors are identified and the relationship among these factors are proposed. The results reveal that with business alignment, organizational support, IT competences, and organizational awareness of security risks and controls, information security controls can be effectively developed, resulting in success of information security management.
Distinction between cerebral abscesses and high-grade neoplasms by dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine whether dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI allowed distinction of cerebral abscesses from cystic high-grade brain neoplasms. CONCLUSION In this small preliminary study, dynamic susceptibility perfusion MRI allowed distinction of cerebral abscesses from rim-enhancing high-grade gliomas. Validation of these results using a prospective large study is warranted.