Seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp in dwarf goats in central Côte d’Ivoire

The study aimed to detect anaplasmosis in dwarf goat farms in order to improve their health and their production. To do this, 270 sera of dwarf goats from a secondary-prefecture in central Côte d'Ivoire was tested by competition ELISA (cELISA). The overall infection rate was estimated at 20.74%. The study showed that seroprevalence of species of Anaplasma is influenced by the zone and the season. However, the seroprevalence of Anaplasma spp is specific neither to the sex nor at the age of the dwarf goats. The present study indicates that the dwarf goat can be implied in the transmission of Anaplasma genus. From where need for integrating the dwarf goats in the fight against the haemoparasitoses. * Corresponding Author: Yahaya Karamoko  y.karamoko@gmail.com International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2223-7054 (Print) 2225-3610 (Online) http://www.innspub. net Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 42-49, 2017 Int. J. Agron. Agri. R. Oussou and Karamoko Page 43 Introduction Bacteria of the Anaplasmataceae family are compulsory intracellular Gram-negative bacteria (Dumler et al., 2005). Anaplasmosis due to Anaplasma spp is a non-contagious vector-borne bacterial infection that infects domestic animals (De Sousa et al., 2012) and is mainly targeted at blood cells such as red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets (Dumler, 2005) . The main vectors are ticks, mainly Ixodes ricinus in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Ixodes Scapularis in North and Central America, Ixodes pacificus in South America, Ixodes persulcatus in Japan and several other tick species (Sarih et al., 2005). Anaplasma spp infection results in febrile syndrome in ruminants with apathy, decreased appetite, arthritis, edema of the distal extremities of the limbs, weight loss, sometimes haemorrhage in the mucous membranes or Skin, abortions and immune suppression (Dumler, 2001). The detection of anti-Anaplasma spp is an excellent method of serological detection of infection and most often involves competition ELISA (Palmer et al., 1994). The detection of an increase in the antibody title between the acute phase And the convalescent phase of the disease may be useful for the diagnosis of anaplasmosis in the absence of microscopic tests and molecular. The dwarf goat (Capra hircus) is a domestic mammal belonging to the family Bovidae and the genus Capra. In central Côte d'Ivoire, where goats are heavily represented, they are an important source of income for the rural population (FAO, 2015). In Côte d'Ivoire, work on Anaplasma spp. remain very limited and have mainly concerned cattle, while a recent study has shown seropositivity to the Anaplasma genus in goats in Italy (Torina et al., 2007). The present study was carried out with the aim of revealing the existence of Anaplasma spp in the dwarf goat farming in central Côte d'Ivoire. Materials and methods Study zone This study was carried out from december 2015 to september 2016 in Béoumi region in central Côte d'Ivoire in humid and coastal West Africa, between the tropics of cancer and the equator. This subprefecture (Fig. 1) covers a zone of 1.780 km2. Fig. 1. Map of the study zone (Source: Maphill, 2011). Int. J. Agron. Agri. R. Oussou and Karamoko Page 44 The population is estimated at more than 73.475 inhabitants (RGPH, 2014). The relief consists of a set of trays. The climate is characterized by two seasons (a dry season and a rainy season), with rainfall between 900 and 1200 mm/year (FAO, 2005). Two rivers irrigate the sub-prefecture, namely Bandama River and Kan River, which is its tributary.