Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of δ‐opioid receptor function in neurogenesis and neuroprotection

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the implication of δ‐opioid receptor function in neurogenesis and neuroprotection. We found that the stimulation of δ‐opioid receptors by the selective δ‐opioid receptor agonist SNC80 [(+)‐4‐[(αR)‐α‐((2S,5R)‐4‐allyl‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1‐piperazinyl)‐3‐methoxybenzyl]‐N,N‐diethylbenzamide] (10 nm) promoted neural differentiation from multipotent neural stem cells obtained from embryonic C3H mouse forebrains. In contrast, either a selective µ‐opioid receptor agonist, [d‐Ala2, N‐Me‐Phe4, Gly5‐ol]‐enkephalin (DAMGO), or a specific κ‐opioid receptor agonist, (–)‐trans‐(1S,2S)‐U‐50488 hydrochloride (U50,488H), had no such effect. In addition to neural differentiation, the increase in cleaved caspase 3‐like immunoreactivity induced by H2O2 (3 µm) was suppressed by treatment with SNC80 in cortical neuron/glia co‐cultures. These effects of SNC80 were abolished by a Trk‐dependent tyrosine kinase inhibitor: (8R*,9S*,11S*)‐(–)‐9‐hydroxy‐9‐methoxycarbonyl‐8‐methyl‐2,3,9,10‐tetrahydro‐8,11‐epoxy‐1H,8H,11H‐2,7b,11a‐triazadibenzo(a,g)cycloocta(cde)trinden‐1‐one (K‐252a). The SNC80‐induced neural differentiation was also inhibited by treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor or Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor. These findings raise the possibility that δ‐opioid receptors play a crucial role in neurogenesis and neuroprotection, mainly through the activation of Trk‐dependent tyrosine kinase, which could be linked to PI3K, PKC, CaMKII and MEK.
Plant growth promoting fungi from zoysiagrass rhizosphere as potential inducers of systemic resistance in cucumbers

Sixteen fungal isolates from zoysiagrass rhizospheres that promoted the growth of a variety of crop plants were tested for their ability to induce systemic resistance in cucumber plants against Colletotrichum orbiculare, the anthracnose pathogen. Roots of cucumber plants were treated for different durations with these fungal isolates as barley grain inoculum, mycelial inoculum, or culture filtrate. The induced plants were challenge inoculated with C. orbiculare at three different spore concentrations: 10 4 , 10 5 , or 10 6 spores per milliliter. Among the 16 isolates, only 10 reduced the disease significantly and the protection obtained by these isolates varied among the methods of inducer application. However, isolates GU21-2, GU23-3, and GU24-3 produced the same effect when treated in all three forms and challenged with 10 4 spores per milliliter of the pathogen. Some isolates protected plants against high inoculum densities of the pathogen, while most of them were less effective under such pressure. The reduction in total lesion area and lesion number on leaves of plants induced by isolates GS6-1 and GU21-2 was similar to that induced by C. orbiculare. Among isolates that induced protection against anthracnose, isolates GS8-1, GS8-2, and GS8-3 colonized roots and significantly reduced the disease compared with the protection caused by noninduced control. The other isolates that were unable to colonize roots also offered protection. The degree of protection was highly dependent on the pathogen spore concentration and the inducer treatment period. A 24-h period was sufficient to initiate resistance; however, a 72-h duration proved to be more effective. The induction of systemic resistance in cucumber plants against C. orbiculare might be due not only to root colonization, but also to triggering of the host defense mechanism(s) by certain factors produced by fungi and their metabolites. When provided as barley grain inocula, most of the isolates increased the plant height and biomass significantly. Treatment of cucumber seeds with the mycelial inocula and culture filtrates of certain isolates also caused promotion of height and biomass of plants
Long-Term Residence of Red Snapper on Artificial Reefs in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Red snapper Lutjanus campechanus (N = 54) were tagged and tracked on 12 artificial reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Fish were surgically implanted with ultrasonic transmitters and monitored with Vemco remote receivers and Sonotronics surface receivers from August 2000 to 2004. Four fish were manually tracked from the surface overnight, and their positions were recorded every hour for either 9 or 16 h. The total length of fish tagged was 589 ± 14 mm (mean ± SE). The number of detections by the remote receivers was 290,340 ± 44,696. By the end of this study, 5 fish were still being tracked, 8 fish had been lost immediately after tagging, 15 fish had been caught by fishers, and 26 fish had been lost after extended tracking. Red snapper were resident on artificial reefs for 218 ± 28 d, and residence time ranged from 1 to 595 d. We estimated that most (67%) of the tagged red snapper showed long-term residence (117–595 d), 13% were resident for 8–91 d, and 20% left the tagging site soon after .
The homogenization of diffusion-convection equations in non-periodic structures

We consider the homogenization of diffusion-convective problems with given divergence-free velocities in nonperiodic structures defined by sequences of characteristic functions the first sequence . These quence of concentration the second sequence is uniformly bounded in the space of square-summable functions with square-summable derivatives with respect to spatial variables. At the same time, the sequence of time-derivative of product of these concentrations on the characteristic functions, that define a nonperiodic structure, is bounded in the space of square-summable functions from time interval into the conjugated space of functions depending on spatial variables, withsquare-summable derivatives. We prove the strong compactness of the second sequences in the space of quadratically summable functions and use this result to homogenize the corresponding boundary value problems that depend on a small parameter.
The gizzard: function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability

The gizzard has a number of important functions, such as aiding digestion by particle size reduction, chemical degradation of nutrients and regulation of feed flow, and responds rapidly to changes in the coarseness of the diet. This review summarises findings on the function of the gizzard, the interaction between diet and gizzard function, and the nutritional consequences of these interactions. Due to the reported improvements in nutrient availability when structural components which stimulate gizzard development has been added to the diet, it may be recommended to include at least 20 to 30% cereal particles larger than 1 mm in size, or to include at least 3% coarse fibres such as oat hulls, in the diet.
Social partnership in ensuring decent labor remuneration

The paper focuses on the development of social partnership in the process of ensuring decent labor remuneration for employees. It highlights the development perspectives of the social partnership institute in the context of decent work concept implementation. The aim of the study is to evaluate and develop recommendations for improving the collective and contractual regulation of remuneration policy in Ukraine in view of the decent work concept. The analysis of the stages of social partnership development in Ukraine has proved that social partnership is currently characterized by features of the forming stage. Some characteristics of the development stage are also traced, but they have not yet fully manifested themselves in Ukraine. The analysis of the conditions for social and labor relations in Ukraine, the practice of collective bargaining procedures, the structure and content of collective agreements and contracts showed a low level of social partnership development and low social responsibility of social partners. The research showed that the practice of developing a compensation package at most enterprises was carried out without the participation of social partnership or with minimal participation. Existing social partnership practices cause inadequate social protection for employees and negatively characterize labor remuneration policy in terms of decent work. A number of proposals were developed to overcome the negative trends inherent in the institute of social part-nership and collective agreements at different levels. Recommendations include granting agreements the status of normative acts, regulating the procedure for concluding agreements at different levels, determining the procedure for informing employees about the content of agreements and contracts, and disseminating an ideology of social responsibility among social partners.
Effects of One Microgram of Topically Applied Diflubenzuron on Tsetse Fly Reproduction

A single, one μg topical application of diflubenzuron (N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N′-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-urea), to the venter of pregnant tsetse flies, Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy), was nontoxic and did not interfere with ovarian development, embryogenesis, or egg hatch in utero. The compound exerted its effects on the exerted offspring and principally on the late larval (“prepupal”) and puparial stages. The overall inhibition in development of progeny over 4 pregnancy cycles posttreatment for 2 different age groups of flies was 77 and 83%.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT EMPLOYABILITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

Purpose: This study aimed to empirically examine the role of entrepreneur intention and responsibility on the employability of students who attend State Vocational High School 1 Kalasan Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methodology: The subjects in this study were students of class XII of State Vocational High School 1 Kalasan Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which amounted to 225 students. The sampling technique was obtained by cluster random sampling. Methods of collecting data used are employability scale, entrepreneurial intention scale, and responsibility scale. The data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Main Findings: The results showed that there was 1) a very significant correlation between entrepreneur intention and responsibility simultaneously on employability with R = 0.608, p = 0.000 (p<0.01). 2) a very significant correlation between entrepreneurial intention and employability with r = 0.171, p = 0.005 (p<0.01). 3) a very significant correlation between responsibility and employability with r = 0.603, p = 0.000 (p<0.01). Applications of this study: This study shows that entrepreneur intention and responsibility has an important role in preparing students to get the knowledge and skills needed to get a job, and then applied in the workplace when graduates have worked. This results study also can throw light on strategies to be adopted to enhance employability in students of Vocational High School. It can also be used as a reference to prepare an entrepreneur's intention and responsibility skill training module to improve employability. Novelty: To the best of our knowledge, psychology research about entrepreneur intention, responsibility, and employability of State Vocational High School students is still rarely done both in Indonesia and abroad. This study focuses on the employability of State Vocational High School students. Previous studies only discussed limited employability for undergraduate and employee graduates, while in this study in vocational high school students.
DNA sequences and cross‐breeding experiments in the hawthorn spider mite Amphitetranychus viennensis reveal high genetic differentiation between Japanese and French populations

Sequence variation of the complete second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2, 445 bp) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI, 350 bp) was examined in Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) mites (Acari:Tetranychidae) from four French and four Japanese locations. Sequence analysis consistently revealed the separation of the samples in two major groups: French mites differed from Japanese by 3.8–4.1% of the nucleotide divergence in COI sequences. These two groups also displayed distinct ITS2 consensus sequences (2.1% nucleotide divergence). A few variations, not affecting the diagnostic sites around the consensus sequence, were revealed among cloned copies of the same individual. Reciprocal crosses and backcrosses between one French and two Japanese populations disclosed strong reproductive incompatibility. However, fertile hybrid females were obtained, indicating the conspecificity of the tested mites. Despite the presence of Wolbachia in the French strain, but not in the Japanese ones, our crosses did not display the unidirectional incompatibility typically produced by this microorganism, but rather a bidirectional – although asymmetrical – incompatibility pattern. The post‐zygotic incompatibilities in A. viennensis cannot be explained by the presence of Wolbachia but to some extent by mite genome divergence resulting from limited gene exchange between allopatric populations. Experiments of Wolbachia elimination by antibiotic treatment and subsequent crosses with cured strains are still needed to fully understand the reproductive incompatibility patterns in this mite species.
Working Mechanism of Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) and Sulphiredoxin1 (Srx1) in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product of normal aerobic metabolism or when exposed to a variety of stress conditions, which can cause widespread damage to biological macromolecules. To protect themselves from oxidative stress, plant cells are equipped with a wide range of antioxidant proteins. However, the detailed reaction mechanisms of these are still unknown. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous thiol-containing antioxidants that reduce hydrogen peroxide with an N-terminal cysteine. The active-site cysteine of peroxiredoxins is selectively oxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid during catalysis, which leads to inactivation of peroxidase activity. This oxidation was thought to be irreversible. Recently identified small protein sulphiredoxin (Srx1), which is conserved in higher eukaryotes, reduces cysteine? sulphinic acid in yeast peroxiredoxin. Srx1 is highly induced by H₂O₂-treatment and the deletion of its gene causes decreased yeast tolerance to H₂O₂, which suggest its involvement in the metabolism of oxidants. Moreover, Srx1 is required for heat shock and oxidative stress induced functional, as well as conformational switch of yeast cytosolic peroxiredoxins. This change enhances protein stability and peroxidase activity, indicating that Srx1 plays a crucial role in peroxiredoxin stability and its regulation mechanism. Thus, the understanding of the molecular basis of Srx1 and its regulation is critical for revealing the mechanism of peroxiredoxin action. We postulate here that Srx1 is involved in dealing with oxidative stress via controlling peroxiredoxin recycling in Arabidopsis. This review article thus will be describing the functions of Prxs and Srx in Arabidopsis thaliana. There will be a special focus on the possible role of Srx1 in interacting with and reducing hyperoxidized Cys-sulphenic acid of Prxs.
Research on the Coordination of Bank Capital Adequacy Ratio and Monetary Policy——Based on panel data of 16 listed commercial banks in China

Capital adequacy ratio and monetary policy are important control measures for financial regulatory authorities and monetary authorities, respectively. Whether they can effectively cooperate greatly affects the effectiveness of monetary policy. This article selects the annual data of 16 listed commercial banks in China from 2003 to 2018, and builds a panel regression model to study the impact of capital adequacy ratio on the transmission of monetary policy. The results show that large state-owned commercial banks play a major role in the bank credit channel of monetary policy, and banks with higher capital adequacy ratios are more vulnerable to monetary policy. In addition, the external constraint of the minimum capital adequacy ratio will cause the monetary policy to have a multiplier effect when it is transmitted through credit channels. The multiplier effect of joint-stock commercial banks is much smaller than that of large state-owned banks. Therefore, financial regulatory authorities should fully consider the interference of capital adequacy ratio on monetary policy, strengthen policy coordination, and unblock the transmission mechanism of monetary policy.
The classification of dicotyledons: A study of the upper levels of the hierarchy

Data on 83 attributes were compiled for a sample of 543 genera of dicotyledons. Computational analyses and subsequent consideration suggest that a useful distinction can be made between crassinucellate (mainly apetalous and polypetalous) and tenuinucellate (mainly sympetalous) genera. The crassinucellate series incorporates rather distinct caryophylloid and magnolioid assemblages, the former corresponding to a large extent with the Caryophyllidae of recent taxonomic schemes, the latter being a greatly extended version of the Magnoliidae. No evidence is found to support the Rosidae or Dilleniidae as taxonomic groupings. The tenuinucellate series seems to include two previously unrecognized major groups, here called acanthoids and asclepioids, plus Compositae and Umbelliferae as outliers. The large orders Rosales, Umbellales, and Myrtales may well be taxonomically unsound. The shortage and general inaccessibility of truly comparative data constitutes a serious difficulty in considering major taxonomic problems; in general these demand better information than seems currently obtainable if reliable results are to be obtained.
HCV treatment in 2020: How to translate highly effective therapies into elimination strategies

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is among the most common blood-borne infections worldwide and a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV was first identified in 1989. The current use of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) to cure HCV reflects rapid diagnostic and therapeutic advances in a short period of time that is seen in few diseases. Both the cost and access to DAAs have improved since the introduction of these therapies in 2014. While HCV is very easy to treat, it will be difficult to eliminate worldwide. The tools exist to create strategies to treat and eliminate HCV as a public health threat; however, elimination of HCV will involve improving access to diagnostic testing for HCV with confirmation of active infection. Models of care will need to be revised from centralized, specialized care to decentralized, point-of-care treatment for HCV patients. These models should include clinics that care for populations with a high prevalence of HCV, such as those treating intravenous drug users, needle exchange services, community health centers, and prisons, in addition to primary care clinics. These care pathways are feasible because of the simplicity of pan-genotypic therapies for HCV that require minimal monitoring. Many countries and regions of the world have embarked on programs with the goal of achieving the World Health Organization target of elimination by 2030. Best practices in HCV elimination should be shared globally.
Determinants of Pregnant Mothers to Bypass Primary Health Facilities and Directly Seek Health Care in Hospitals in Dar es Salaam Region-A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Dar es Salaam is the region with a large number of healthcare facilities than any other region in Tanzania. Primary health care facilities (dispensaries and health centers) outnumber the available hospitals. However, hospitals are overwhelmed with patients as compared to primary health care facilities (PHCF) because people tend to skip the primary health care facilities, leading to poor quality of the health care services in secondary facilities due to congestion. Objective: The aim was to identify determinants that influence mothers to bypass primary health care facilities. Setting: The study was conducted in healthcare facilities in Dar es Salaam region. It targeted all postnatal women who attended hospitals during data collection. Methodology: A cross-sectional study carried out in December 2018 to assess the determinants associated with pregnant mothers to bypass primary healthcare facilities in their healthcare needs. The sample included all women who attended public hospitals for delivery and consented to the study. A consecutive sampling procedure was used and a total of 544 of respondents were involved. A structured questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed in levels of univariate, bivariate and multivariate using SPSS statistical package number 20. Results: A total of 544 respondents were interviewed. Out of those respondents, 536(99%) were above the age of 18. The majority, were married (398, 73%), and had daily incomes of more than one USD (298, 92.5%). The bypass by the respondents of the PHCFs was higher 402(74%) and only 27(26%) had referral to the higher facilities hospitals at Council [Level one Hospital] and Regional Level [Level 2 Hospital] than primary facilities. Conclusion: This study has found that seven of every ten pregnant women surveyed had bypassed the primary health care facilities. Findings from this study reveal a strong and urgent need to 1. Strengthen primary healthcare facilities to make them more attractive to people and 2. To better implement the referral guidelines to reduce this bypass.
Determining the Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Contribution to the Observed Intensification of Extreme Precipitation

This study conducts a detection and attribution analysis of the observed changes in extreme precipitation during 1951–2015. Observed and CMIP6 multimodel simulated changes in annual maximum daily and consecutive 5‐day precipitation are compared using an optimal fingerprinting technique for different spatial scales from global land, Northern Hemisphere extratropics, tropics, three continental regions (North America and western and eastern Eurasia), and global “dry” and “wet” land areas (as defined by their average extreme precipitation intensities). Results indicate that anthropogenic greenhouse gas influence is robustly detected in the observed intensification of extreme precipitation over the global land and most of the subregions considered, all with clear separation from natural and anthropogenic aerosol forcings. Also, the human‐induced greenhouse gas increases are found to be a dominant contributor to the observed increase in extreme precipitation intensity, which largely follows the increased moisture availability under global warming.
Voice Quality in Low and High Registers in Two Different Styles of Singing

This paper compares the voice quality of low (C3-D#4 1 : 131-311 Hz) and high registers (E4-Bb4: 330-466 Hz) of singing, in order to investigate whether there are differences in voice quality regarding (i) the note register (low x high) and (ii) musical accentuation (unaccented x accented). These registers are respectively associated in the voice literature with the activity of the thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid muscles. Two songs with a range from C3 to Bb4 were selected for analysis. Four professional singers sang and read the lyrics of these two songs. Thirteen voice quality parameters were automatically extracted in Voice Sauce software. Our results support the idea that the action of different muscles may be correlated with different voice quality configurations in contemporary singing. The main results also show that thirteen voice quality parameters varied between low and high notes (low to high, accented low to accented high), and between unaccented and accented notes (low to accented low, high to accented high).