Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studi Komparatif Pengaruh Trade Openness dan Foreign Direct Investment terhadap Gross Domestic Product di ASEAN3 (The Comparative Study of Impact of Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment on Gross Domestic Product in ASEAN3)

Lately the phenomenon of impact of economic openness policy on gross domestic product in developing countries has been debated by economists. This research aimed to analyzes impact of openness variabel as trade openness and FDI in the case of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, as well as seen of caracter position out of trade openness and FDI in three countries over the periode 1998-2012. This research used panel data analysis method with the random effect approach. The result show that trade openness are showed negative impact, and FDI are showed positive impact on GDP in the three countries. Look out on the random effect (cross) are showed that impact of openness variabel on GDP are higher is Thailand, than second place is Malaysia and the third place is Indonesia. The suggests which to do among are the countries should most to control for trade and financial international activity, as well as strengthen about institutions that straighten up of trade and financial international activity.
Robotics-assisted rehabilitation therapy for the hands and wrists using force sensorless bilateral control with shadow and mirror mode

Recently, the robotic devices are used mainly as therapy aids in the rehabilitation process of a disabled persons. The robotic device are designed with applications of techniques to support the adaptive exercise possible. It can apply to repeat the process exercise as many times as you wish. Moreover, the data measurements of their improvement or decline can be analyzed through the sensors on the device. This paper proposes a specially designed force sensorless bilateral control based on Kalman-Filter Based State Observer (KFSO) for the hand and the wrist of the patient. By using KFSO, it can be applied to estimate a high bandwidth force sensation and good perception of an unknown environmental stiffness. Moreover, bilateral control based on the shadow mode and mirror mode is also proposed in order to improve human hand movement. To successfully implement neuro-recovery process, the mirror mode is proposed to help the brain into thinking the weaker hand or wrist is moving according to the stronger hand or wrist. With such a robust bilateral control scheme, significant high bandwidth haptic sensing in a rehabilitation robot can be achieved. The simulation results of the rehabilitation robot are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Correlation of Patterns of Bone Marrow Infiltration and Biochemical factors in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Objectives: To investigate the patterns of bone marrow involvement in in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) patients and to correlate the patterns with β2 microglobulin (β2m) and lactate dehydrogenase 2 (LD2) levels in these patients. Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was conducted in two years at Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore and at Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), Lahore. The study was conducted on 50 subjects irrespective of age and sex divided into two groups i.e. Group-A comprising 20 normal healthy controls while Group-B consisted of 30 patients of NHL with bone marrow infiltration. Bilateral bone marrow trephine biopsy was done to assess the patterns of bone marrow infiltration. Serum β2m and LD2 isoenzyme levels were determined in already diagnosed 30 patients of NHL. The values were compared with 20 healthy age and sex matched controls. Correlation coefficients were determined using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. The estimations were made prior to the institution of chemotherapy. Results: β2m and LD2 levels were significantly (p-Value < 0.05) raised in NHL patients with disease advancement and were compared with controls. These serological markers showed negative correlation (-0.235 for β2m and -0.133 for LD2) with the spread of disease and patterns of involvement in NHL patients. Conclusion: By observing the patterns of bone marrow involvement in NHL patients possible guidelines about prognosis and treatment protocols can be obtained as the serological markers levels correlate well with the spread of disease and patterns of involvement in NHL patients.
Regulation by second messengers of the slowly activating, voltage‐dependent potassium current expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

1. Voltage‐clamp recordings of membrane current were made from Xenopus oocytes that had been injected with RNA which had been transcribed in vitro from a cloned complementary DNA. 2. Depolarization from ‐80 mV evoked outward potassium currents that developed very slowly. At ‐20 mV the time constant for activation was about 50 s, and at +40 mV about 6 s. 3. The potassium current was increased by the calcium ionophore A23187 or by intracellular injection of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3), each of which should increase the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). The current was decreased by injection of BAPTA (1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N',N'‐tetraacetic acid). The current was also reduced by phorbol esters; this effect was blocked by staurosporine. 4. In oocytes that had also been injected with RNA encoding the 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT2) receptor, 5‐HT increased the potassium current. After caffeine pretreatment, to block the release of intracellular calcium, 5‐HT decreased the current; this decrease was prevented by staurosporine. 5. It is concluded that the slowly activating, voltage‐dependent potassium current expressed in Xenopus oocytes is increased by increases in [Ca2+]i and is decreased by activation of protein kinase C. Stimulation of 5‐HT2 receptors can have both these effects, but the former normally predominates.
Wideband transition between substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and rectangular waveguide (RWG) based on bend waveguide

In this paper, a wideband transition between substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and rectangular waveguide (RWG) based on bend waveguide is proposed. Inspired by E-plane bend waveguide structures, a stepped and ridged structure is introduced to improve performance. The proposed transition consists of a RWG flange with ridged step and a SIW cavity with a septum inserted. The measured results of the back-to-back transitions agree well with simulations. The results show a return better than 15.6 dB and an insertion loss between 0.55 dB and 1.4 dB from 23.6 GHz to 40 GHz (54.67%).
IL-15 Enables Septic Shock by Maintaining NK Cell Integrity and Function

Interleukin 15 is essential for the development and differentiation of NK and memory CD8+ (mCD8+) T cells. Our laboratory previously showed that NK and CD8+ T lymphocytes facilitate the pathobiology of septic shock. However, factors that regulate NK and CD8+ T lymphocyte functions during sepsis are not well characterized. We hypothesized that IL-15 promotes the pathogenesis of sepsis by maintaining NK and mCD8+ T cell integrity. To test our hypothesis, the pathogenesis of sepsis was assessed in IL-15–deficient (IL-15 knockout, KO) mice. IL-15 KO mice showed improved survival, attenuated hypothermia, and less proinflammatory cytokine production during septic shock caused by cecal ligation and puncture or endotoxin-induced shock. Treatment with IL-15 superagonist (IL-15 SA, IL-15/IL-15Rα complex) regenerated NK and mCD8+ T cells and re-established mortality of IL-15 KO mice during septic shock. Preventing NK cell regeneration attenuated the restoration of mortality caused by IL-15 SA. If given immediately prior to septic challenge, IL-15–neutralizing IgG M96 failed to protect against septic shock. However, M96 caused NK cell depletion if given 4 d prior to septic challenge and conferred protection. IL-15 SA treatment amplified endotoxin shock, which was prevented by NK cell or IFN-γ depletion. IL-15 SA treatment also exacerbated septic shock caused by cecal ligation and puncture when given after the onset of sepsis. In conclusion, endogenous IL-15 does not directly augment the pathogenesis of sepsis but enables the development of septic shock by maintaining NK cell numbers and integrity. Exogenous IL-15 exacerbates the severity of sepsis by activating NK cells and facilitating IFN-γ production.
Muscle and bone-aging and space.

One of the major concerns of aging, but also during and after spaceflight, is loss of muscle and bone mass. In aging, this is associated with an increasing risk of fractures. Recently, the possibility of aged and aging astronauts has been arisen. Thus considering the perspectives of aging and space we want to discuss, in how far the adaptations during spaceflight and during aging interfere. In other words: does spaceflight push the astronauts along the irreversible axis of aging? And which of the spaceflight effects will be reversible? Bones adapt to their mechanical function. For convenience, a simple model has been proposed: Bone, as a 'mechanostat', keeps the strains within certain thresholds, namely one threshold for modeling, i.e. formation of new bone, and one for remodeling, i.e. repair and removal. These thresholds are usually expressed as strains. A crucial role in physiological strain detection is obviously played by the osteocytes. The largest forces in the musculo-skeletal systems arise from muscle contractions. The reason for this are the poor levers, against which the muscles pull. For example: during a one-leg vertical jump, a young subject (body weight 70 kg) exerts a vertical ground reaction force of 2500 N. Due to the lever ratio of os calcis and forefoot around the tibio-talar joint, the calf muscles must exert a force 3 times greater, so that together with the body weight the bones of the lower leg are loaded with 10000 N, i.e. 14 times the body weight. Accordingly, good correlations can be observed between muscle strength and bone strength, or muscle mass and bone mass. It is therefore reasonable to discuss the accumulated knowledge about loss of muscle and bone in a combined approach. In this respect, two points must be considered: (i) for structural adaptation of bone, the muscular variable of interest arc force and rate of force development, but not power, and (ii) women before menopause have a greater bone to muscle ratio than men.
Select Utilization of Obese Donors in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Implications for the Donor Pool

Living donor liver transplantation evolved in response to donor shortage. Current guidelines recommend potential living donors (LD) have a body mass index (BMI) <30. With the current obesity epidemic, locating nonobese LD is difficult. From September 1999 to August 2003, 68 LD with normal liver function test (LFTs) and without significant comorbidities underwent donor hepatectomy at our center. Post‐operative complications were collected, including wound infection, pneumonia, hernia, fever, ileus, biliary leak, biliary stricture, thrombosis, bleeding, hepatic dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, difficult to control pain, depression and anxiety. Complication rates for LD with BMI >30 (n = 16) and BMI <30 (n = 52) were compared. The incidence of wound infection increased with BMI, 4% for nonobese and 25% for obese LD (p = 0.024). There were no statistically significant differences for all other complications. No LD died. Recipient survival was 100% with obese LD and 80% with nonobese LD (p = 0.1). Select donors with a BMI >30 may undergo donor hepatectomy with acceptable morbidity and excellent recipient results. Updating current guidelines to include select LD with BMI >30 has the potential to safely increase the donor pool.
Optimal Energy Harvesting Protocols for Wireless Relay Networks

In this paper, we consider a relay network over a flat-fading channel, where the relay has no fixed power supply and thus needs to replenish energy via wireless energy harvesting (EH) from the signals transmitted by the source. We propose a novel hybrid protocol, which is a combination of existing EH protocols, such as power splitting (PS) and time switching (TS). We formulate the optimization problems and derive some explicit results. In particular, we derive the optimal PS and TS ratios at the relay for all three EH protocols to achieve the maximum throughput for information transfer from the source to the destination for both decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward relaying schemes. We show that the proposed hybrid protocol outperforms both PS and TS protocols.
Structural features and thickness of the vertebral cortex in the thoracolumbar spine.

STUDY DESIGN The thickness and structure of the vertebral body cortex were examined from sections of human cadaveric vertebrae. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to identify the principal structural features of the cortex, to directly measure the minimum and maximum thicknesses of the cortex in the thoracolumbar spine, and to compare regional variations in the structure of the cortex. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The thickness of the vertebral cortical shell contributes to the compressive strength of the vertebral body. There is little consensus concerning the thickness and morphology of vertebral shell and endplate along the spine in existing data. METHODS Human T1, T5, T9, L1, and L5 vertebral bodies (mean age 70.4 years) from 20 cadaveric spines were sectioned and photographed. The minimum and maximum cortical thickness of the shells and endplates in the midsagittal plane were measured from magnified images. RESULTS The anterior shell thickness was significantly greater than the posterior shell and both endplates. Endplate thickness was greatest in the lower lumbar vertebrae. There was a significant decrease in cortex thickness over the central portion of endplates and shells, with a mean minimum thickness of 0.40 mm and a mean maximum thickness of 0.86 mm, with an overall mean of 0.64 +/- 0.41 mm. Increased porosity was also observed along the central regions of the cortical shells. In the lower thoracic and lumbar spine, a double-layered endplate structure was observed. CONCLUSIONS Invasive techniques provide the only means to directly resolve the thickness and distribution of bone in the vertebral cortex. The cortex thickness and structure varies along the endplates and the anterior and posterior surfaces of the vertebral body. The implications of the so called double-layered endplate structure are unknown, but indicate the need for further study.
Genome plasticity of BCG and impact on vaccine efficacy

To understand the evolution, attenuation, and variable protective efficacy of bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccines, Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur 1173P2 has been subjected to comparative genome and transcriptome analysis. The 4,374,522-bp genome contains 3,954 protein-coding genes, 58 of which are present in two copies as a result of two independent tandem duplications, DU1 and DU2. DU1 is restricted to BCG Pasteur, although four forms of DU2 exist; DU2-I is confined to early BCG vaccines, like BCG Japan, whereas DU2-III and DU2-IV occur in the late vaccines. The glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, glpD2, is one of only three genes common to all four DU2 variants, implying that BCG requires higher levels of this enzyme to grow on glycerol. Further amplification of the DU2 region is ongoing, even within vaccine preparations used to immunize humans. An evolutionary scheme for BCG vaccines was established by analyzing DU2 and other markers. Lesions in genes encoding σ-factors and pleiotropic transcriptional regulators, like PhoR and Crp, were also uncovered in various BCG strains; together with gene amplification, these affect gene expression levels, immunogenicity, and, possibly, protection against tuberculosis. Furthermore, the combined findings suggest that early BCG vaccines may even be superior to the later ones that are more widely used.
The Ubiquitin Ligase RNF220 Enhances Canonical Wnt Signaling through USP7-Mediated Deubiquitination of β-Catenin

ABSTRACT Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays critical roles in embryonic development and disease. Here, we identify RNF220, a RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a new regulator of β-catenin. RNF220 physically interacts with β-catenin, but instead of promoting its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, it stabilizes β-catenin and promotes canonical Wnt signaling. Our analysis showed that RNF220 interacts with USP7, a ubiquitin-specific peptidase, which is required for RNF220 to stabilize β-catenin. The RNF220/USP7 complex deubiquitinates β-catenin and enhances canonical Wnt signaling. Interestingly, the stability of RNF220 itself is negatively regulated by Gsk3β, which is a key component of the β-catenin destruction complex and is inhibited upon Wnt stimulation. Accordingly, the RNF220/USP7 complex works as a positive feedback regulator of β-catenin signaling. In colon cancer cells with stimulated Wnt signaling, knockdown of RNF220 or USP7 impairs Wnt signaling and expression of Wnt target genes, suggesting a potentially novel role of RNF220 in Wnt-related tumorigenesis.
PRDX4, a member of the peroxiredoxin family, is fused to AML1 (RUNX1) in an acute myeloid leukemia patient with a t(X;21)(p22;q22)

The AML1 gene (also known as RUNX1) at 21q22 codes for core binding factor (CBF) α, which forms a heterodimer with CBF β that acts as a transcriptional activating factor. CBF is a critical regulator in the generation and differentiation of definitive hematopoietic stem cells and is frequently disrupted in leukemia through chromosome translocations. We cloned a novel AML1 partner gene, PRDX4, in an X;21 translocation in a 74‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia–M2. Chromosome analysis detected a t(X;21)(p22;q22) as the sole abnormality in bone marrow samples. The involvement of AML1 was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. Using 3′ RACE‐PCR, we cloned a fusion between exon 5 of AML1 and exon 2 of PRDX4. RT‐PCR confirmed the fusion and detected another fusion between exon 6 of AML1 and exon 2 of PRDX4, indicating alternative splicing of exon 6 of AML1 in the fusion transcripts. PRDX4 is one of six peroxiredoxin‐family genes that are highly conserved in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and are ubiquitously expressed. Peroxiredoxin genes exhibit thioredoxin‐dependent peroxidase activity and have been implicated in a number of other cellular functions such as cell proliferation and differentiation. PRDX4 plays a regulatory role in the activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB and is significantly down‐regulated in acute promyelocytic leukemia. This is the first example of antioxidant enzyme involvement in a chromosome translocation in leukemia. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shiga-toxin genes and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from pasteurized cow milk in Brazil.

UNLABELLED This study evaluated the genetic similarity and prevalence of the stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA genes in Escherichia coli isolated from pasteurized cow milk. Eighty-seven E. coli isolates from pasteurized cow milk from 22 dairies located in northwestern Paraná state, Brazil, were analyzed. Genetic similarity was evaluated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP-PCR). E. coli isolates were also analyzed by PCR to investigate the presence of the stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA genes. ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR clustered 87 bacterial isolates in 76 and 81 genomic profiles, respectively. Both techniques revealed high genetic diversity among the E. coli isolates, confirming the possibility of their use in epidemiological studies. The stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA virulence genes were not detected in E. coli isolates, indicating a low prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in milk produced in the region studied. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Knowledge about the presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in pasteurized milk is important developing and implementing control measures in milk and dairy production.
Customized secretion chaperones in pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic yersiniae secrete about a dozen anti‐host proteins, the Yops, by a pathway which does not involve cleavage of a classical signal peptide. The Yop secretory apparatus, called Ysc, for Yop secretion, is the archetype of type III secretion systems (which serve for the secretion of virulence proteins by several animal and plant pathogens) and is related to the flagellar assembly apparatus. The Yop secretion signal is N‐terminal but has not been defined to date. Apart from the Ysc machinery, secretion of at least four Yops requires cytoplasmic proteins called Syc (for specific Yop chaperone). Each Syc protein binds to its cognate Yop. Unlike most cytoplasmic chaperones, these proteins do not have an ATP‐binding domain, and are presumably devoid of ATPase activity. They share a few common properties: an acidic pl, a size in the range of 15–20 kDa, and a putative amphipathic α‐helix in the C‐terminal portion. They were recently shown to have counterparts in other pathogenic bacteria, where they appear to have a similar function.
Predictors of falls in women with and without osteoporosis.

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of falls and muscle strength, flexibility, and balance in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis. BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and falls are common problems encountered in the elderly. METHODS A total of 133 women with and 133 without osteoporosis, aged 60 years or greater, were included in the study. Women were interviewed about clinical and social demographic characteristics and the occurrence of falls in the previous 12 months. The variables evaluated were presence of osteoporosis, muscle strength, flexibility, and balance. RESULTS A significantly higher percentage of women with osteoporosis (51%) compared to those without osteoporosis (29%) had a history of at least 1 fall within the previous 12 months. There was a significant and inverse association between trunk extension strength and trunk flexion range of motion with falls. Logistic regression analyses showed that the variables associated with falls were trunk extension strength and presence of osteoporosis. Greater trunk extension strength was associated with a lower risk for falls (odds ratio, 0.97), while the presence of osteoporosis increased fall risk by a factor of 2.17. CONCLUSIONS A greater percentage of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis had a history of 1 or more falls within the previous year and a higher risk of recurrent falls than women without osteoporosis. Muscle strength of the lumbar spine and the presence of osteoporosis are intrinsic factors associated with the risk of falls.
Does Corporate Hedging Enhance Shareholder Value? A Meta-Analysis

The theories underpinning corporate use of derivatives are well developed. Furthermore, there exist compelling economic reasons why hedging should lead to enhanced shareholder value, but empirical evidence in support of a substantial value increase from hedging is, at best, mixed. In this paper, we synthesize the empirical evidence for value enhancement in firms’ hedging with derivatives using a statistical meta-analysis combining data from 47 different studies. Our findings indicate that firms’ hedging with derivatives have larger Tobin’s Q, a commonly used measure of value creation. A variety of moderating variables are assessed, providing evidence of heterogeneity in the value relevance of corporate hedging. In particular, we find that relatively higher firm value is primarily associated with hedging of foreign exchange risk.