Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ten Years of Research on Intelligent Educational Games for Learning Spelling and Mathematics

In this article, we present our findings from ten years of research on intelligent educational games. We discuss the architecture of our training environments for learning spelling and mathematics, and specifically focus on the representation of the content and the controller that enables personalized trainings. We first show the multi-modal representation that reroutes information through multiple perceptual cues and discuss the game structure. We then present the data-driven student model that is used for a personalized, adaptive presentation of the content. We further leverage machine learning for analytics and visualization tools targeted at teachers and experts. A large data set consisting of training sessions of more than 20,000 children allows statistical interpretations and insights into the nature of learning.
List-decoding homomorphism codes with arbitrary codomains

The codewords of the homomorphism code $\operatorname{aHom}(G,H)$ are the affine homomorphisms between two finite groups, $G$ and $H$, generalizing Hadamard codes. Following the work of Goldreich--Levin (1989), Grigorescu et al. (2006), Dinur et al. (2008), and Guo and Sudan (2014), we further expand the range of groups for which local list-decoding is possible up to $\textsf{mindist}$, the minimum distance of the code. In particular, for the first time, we do not require either $G$ or $H$ to be solvable. Specifically, we demonstrate a $\operatorname{poly}(1/\varepsilon)$ bound on the list size, i.e., on the number of codewords within distance $(\textsf{mindist}-\varepsilon)$ from any received word, when $G$ is either abelian or an alternating group, and $H$ is an arbitrary (finite or infinite) group. We conjecture that a similar bound holds for all finite simple groups as domains; the alternating groups serve as the first test case. The abelian vs. arbitrary result then permits us to adapt previous techniques to obtain efficient local list-decoding for this case. We also obtain efficient local list-decoding for the permutation representations of alternating groups (i.e., when the codomain is a symmetric group $S_m$) under the restriction that the domain $G=A_n$ is paired with codomain $H=S_m$ satisfying $m < 2^{n-1}/\sqrt{n}$. The limitations on the codomain in the latter case arise from severe technical difficulties stemming from the need to solve the homomorphism extension (HomExt) problem in certain cases; these are addressed in a separate paper (Wuu 2018). However, we also introduce an intermediate "semi-algorithmic" model we call Certificate List-Decoding that bypasses the HomExt bottleneck and works in the alternating vs. arbitrary setting. A certificate list-decoder produces partial homomorphisms that uniquely extend to the homomorphisms in the list.
The Ethical Wealth of Nations 1

Michael Porter argues that some nations manifest a competitive advantage deriving from key elements of their economic structure. Some nations are thus disposed by structure to possess what Porter calls a "competitive advantage of nations" (Porter, 1990). In this paper I examine the prospect of an ethical advantage of nations, and in particular, of a set of advantages that extend far beyond the simple dimension of trust so often discussed. I consider, further, how such a range of ethical features would be structured, and what the implications of those features would be. Three conclusions are reached: 1. Morality may create economic advantages for nations in ways that extend beyond the notion of an idealized market; 2. In order for ethics to drive economic advantage, ethical concepts must rise to the status of intrinsic value; and 3. If claims for national ethical success factors are true, then nations should attend to the issue of moral education. Disciplines Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/lgst_papers/33 The Ethical Wealth of Nations1 Thomas Donaldson The Wharton School Room #2203 Steinberg-Deitrich Hall University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6369 Voice: 215-898-6859 Fax: 610-520-4401 Donaldst@wharton.upenn. edu 1 A slightly different version of this paper appeared as Donaldson, T. 2001. The Ethical Wealth of Nations. Journal of Business Ethics, 31(1): 25-36. 1 The Ethical Wealth of Nations The research for this article was undertaken with a generous grant from The Carol and Lawrence Zicklin Center for Business Ethics Research at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. An earlier draft of this article is scheduled to appear in the Journal of Business Ethics sometime in 2000.
Commentary: Why Don't You Go to Bed on Time? A Daily Diary Study on the Relationships Between Chronotype, Self-Control Resources and the Phenomenon of Bedtime Procrastination

Citation: Kroese FM, Adriaanse MA, Evers C, Anderson J and de Ridder D (2018) Commentary: Why Don’t You Go to Bed on Time? A Daily Diary Study on the Relationships Between Chronotype, Self-Control Resources and the Phenomenon of Bedtime Procrastination. Front. Psychol. 9:915. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018. 00915 Commentary: Why Don’t You Go to Bed on Time? A Daily Diary Study on the Relationships Between Chronotype, Self-Control Resources and the Phenomenon of Bedtime Procrastination
International Survey Regarding the Use of Rehabilitation Modalities in Horses

To define which biologic, electrophysical and other modalities are used in horses for injury or performance issues, a questionnaire regarding 38 modalities was distributed to eight veterinary groups. A total of 305 complete or partial responses were obtained from over 10 geographic regions; 75.4% from private equine practice or regional private equine referral hospitals, 14.1% from university teaching hospitals or satellite clinics, 8.2% from private mixed animal practice, and 2.3% from veterinary rehabilitation centers. The majority of respondents were located in the USA (60%), Europe (25.6%), and Canada (5.6%). Respondents reported working with athletic horses primarily in the disciplines of hunter-jumper (26.9%), dressage (16.0%), and pleasure riding (14.7%), followed by Western riding, track racing, and eventing. Warmbloods (39.7%) were the predominant breed presenting to respondents, followed by Thoroughbreds (20.3%) and Quarter Horses (17.3%) ahead of other breeds. All 38 modalities were used by respondents. The 10 most prominently utilized were controlled hand walking (97.3%), therapeutic shoeing (96.1%), ice (95.2%), compression bandaging (89.5%), platelet rich plasma (PRP; 86.5%), therapeutic exercises (84.3%), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein therapy (IRAP; 81.4%), stretching (83.3%), and cold water hydrotherapy (82.9%). Heat (77.6%), massage (69.0%), and acupuncture (68.3%) were also commonly utilized. The least prominently used modalities were hyperbaric oxygen therapy (9.4%), cytowave (8.3%), and radiofrequency (6.4%). Injectable modalities (IRAP, PRP, mesotherapy, stem cells) were almost solely administered by veterinarians; other modalities were variably applied by veterinarians, technicians, veterinary assistants, farriers, physical therapists, trainers, and other entities. A total of 33% of respondents reported working collaboratively with physical therapists on equine patients. Findings indicate that a broad range of invasive and non-invasive modalities are used in equine patients to address a variety of rehabilitation and performance needs, and that personnel with varying levels of expertise are involved in their administration. This suggests that further investigation to better define the delivery, efficacy and any negative effects of many of these modalities is important.
Registration of DCE-MRI using robust data decomposition

Introduction: Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is increasingly used as a source of biomarkers in oncology. This technique allows observation of the passage and distribution of a contrast agent through organs, making possible the quantitative assessment of tissue properties. However the monitoring of contrast agent uptake and washout takes many minutes. Hence important misalignment of these images arises due to patient motion (breathing, heartbeat and bowel peristalsis) during the acquisition. Image registration can correct this problem but is challenging in the presence of both motion and contrast changes. This work presents a novel approach based on the low rank and sparse decomposition of time series images. We call this method robust data decomposition registration (RDDR).
Effects of myosin inhibitors on the X-ray diffraction patterns of relaxed and calcium-activated rabbit skeletal muscle fibers

We studied the effect of myosin inhibitors, N-benzyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (BTS), blebbistatin, and butanedione monoxime (BDM) on X-ray diffraction patterns from rabbit psoas fibers under relaxing and contracting conditions. The first two inhibitors suppressed the contractile force almost completely at a 100 μM concentration, and a similar effect was obtained at 50 mM for BDM. However, still substantial changes were observed in the diffraction patterns upon calcium-activation of inhibited muscle fibers. (1) The 2nd actin layer-line reflection was enhanced normally, indicating that calcium binding to troponin and the subsequent movement of tropomyosin are not inhibited, (2) the myosin layer-line reflections became much weaker, and (3) the 1,1/1,0 intensity ratio of the equatorial reflections was increased. The observations (2) and (3) indicate that, even in the presence of the inhibitors at a saturating concentration, myosin heads leave the helix on the thick filaments and approach the thin filaments. Interestingly, the d1,0 spacing of the filament lattice remained unchanged upon activation of inhibited fibers, in contrast to the case of normal activation in which the spacing is decreased. This suggests that the normal activated myosin heads exert a pull in both axial and radial directions, but in the presence of the inhibitors, the pull is suppressed, and as a result, the heads simply bind to actin without exerting any force. The results support the idea that the inhibitors do not block the myosin binding to actin, but block the step of force-producing transition of the bound actomyosin complex.
A Review of Data Quality Assessment in Emergency Medical Services

Introduction: Data quality is an important issue in emergency medicine. The unique characteristics of emergency care services, such as high turn-over and the speed of work may increase the possibility of making errors in the related settings. Therefore, regular data quality assessment is necessary to avoid the consequences of low quality data. This study aimed to identify the main dimensions of data quality which had been assessed, the assessment approaches, and generally, the status of data quality in the emergency medical services. Methods: The review was conducted in 2016. Related articles were identified by searching databases, including Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science. All of the review and research papers related to data quality assessment in the emergency care services and published between 2000 and 2015 (n=34) were included in the study. Results: The findings showed that the five dimensions of data quality; namely, data completeness, accuracy, consistency, accessibility, and timeliness had been investigated in the field of emergency medical services. Regarding the assessment methods, quantitative research methods were used more than the qualitative or the mixed methods. Overall, the results of these studies showed that data completeness and data accuracy requires more attention to be improved. Conclusion: In the future studies, choosing a clear and a consistent definition of data quality is required. Moreover, the use of qualitative research methods or the mixed methods is suggested, as data users’ perspectives can provide a broader picture of the reasons for poor quality data.
Ecology of sleeping: the microbial and arthropod associates of chimpanzee beds

The indoor environment created by the construction of homes and other buildings is often considered to be uniquely different from other environments. It is composed of organisms that are less diverse than those of the outdoors and strongly sourced by, or dependent upon, human bodies. Yet, no one has ever compared the composition of species found in contemporary human homes to that of other structures built by mammals, including those of non-human primates. Here we consider the microbes and arthropods found in chimpanzee beds, relative to the surrounding environment (n = 41 and 15 beds, respectively). Based on the study of human homes, we hypothesized that the microbes found in chimpanzee beds would be less diverse than those on nearby branches and leaves and that their beds would be primarily composed of body-associated organisms. However, we found that differences between wet and dry seasons and elevation above sea level explained nearly all of the observed variation in microbial diversity and community structure. While we can identify the presence of a chimpanzee based on the assemblage of bacteria, the dominant signal is that of environmental microbes. We found just four ectoparasitic arthropod specimens, none of which appears to be specialized on chimpanzees or their structures. These results suggest that the life to which chimpanzees are exposed while in their beds is predominately the same as that of the surrounding environment.
CutCAD - An Open-source Tool to Design 3D Objects in 2D

Laser cutters are 2D tools, but their speed and compatibility with a variety of affordable materials also makes them a frequent choice to create 3D objects. We propose CutCAD, a tool to easily construct simple 3D objects from 2D faces, inspired by the process of paper modeling and magnetic construction kits. The user creates her 3D model by drawing or loading existing 2D shapes, and connecting their edges in the software. CutCAD then automatically resolves the resulting constraints, and folds the faces up into a 3D model that is previewed live. CutCAD also automatically creates the required finger joints based on thickness of the material and dihedral angles, for smooth assembly. Cutouts are easy to add by importing their outlines as vector drawings, and placing them onto faces. After the faces have been cut, CutCAD provides assembly instructions. Observations and feedback from using CutCAD show the resulting process to be easier to understand than traditional 3D modelling. CutCAD is open-source, and has been downloaded over 2,000 times.
Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings

Animals require strategies for coping with periods when food is scarce. Such strategies include storing fat as a buffer, and defending the rate of energy intake by changing foraging behaviour when food becomes difficult to obtain. Storage and behavioural defence may constitute alternative strategies for solving the same problem. We would thus expect any developmental influences that limit fat storage in adulthood to also induce a compensatory alteration in adult foraging behaviour, specifically when food is hard to obtain. In a cohort of hand-reared European starlings, we found that higher manipulated early-life begging effort caused individuals to maintain consistently lower adult body mass over a period of two years. Using an operant foraging task in which we systematically varied the costs of obtaining food, we show that higher early-life begging effort also caused stronger behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake when food was more costly to obtain. Among individuals with the same developmental history, however, those individuals who defended their rate of energy intake most strongly were also the heaviest. Our results are relevant to understanding why there are marked differences in body weight and foraging behaviour even among individuals inhabiting the same environment.
Near-Infrared Fusion for Photorealistic Image Dehazing

Scattering of light due to the presence of aerosol particles along the path of radiation causes atmospheric haze in images. This scattering is significantly less severe in longer wavelength bands than in shorter ones, thus the importance of near-infrared (NIR) information for dehazing color images. This paper first presents an adaptive hyperspectral algorithm that analyzes intensity inconsistencies across spectral bands. It then leverages the algorithm’s results to preserve photorealism of the visible color image during the dehazing. The color images are dehazed through a hyperspectral fusion of color and NIR images, taking into account any inconsistencies that can affect the photorealism. Our dehazing results on real images contain no halo or aliasing artifacts in hazy regions and successfully preserve the color image elsewhere.
A Lazy Approach to Access Control as a Service (ACaaS) for IoT: An AWS Case Study

The Internet of Things (IoT) is receiving considerable attention from both industry and academia because of the new business models that it enables and the new security and privacy challenges that it generates. Major Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) have proposed platforms to support IoT by combining cloud and edge computing. However, the security mechanisms available in the cloud have been extended to IoT with some shortcomings with respect to the management and enforcement of access control policies. Access Control as a Service (ACaaS) is emerging as a solution to overcome these difficulties. The paper proposes a lazy approach to ACaaS that allows the specification and management of policies independently of the CSP while leveraging its enforcement mechanisms. We demonstrate the approach by investigating (also experimentally) alternative deployments in the IoT platform offered by Amazon Web Services on a realistic smart lock solution.
Adding Sparkle to Social Coding: An Empirical Study of Repository Badges in the npm Ecosystem

In fast-paced, reuse-heavy, and distributed software development, the transparency provided by social coding platforms like GitHub is essential to decision making. Developers infer the quality of projects using visible cues, known as signals, collected from personal profile and repository pages. We report on a large-scale, mixed-methods empirical study of npm packages that explores the emerging phenomenon of repository badges, with which maintainers signal underlying qualities about their projects to contributors and users. We investigate which qualities maintainers intend to signal and how well badges correlate with those qualities. After surveying developers, mining 294,941 repositories, and applying statistical modeling and time-series analyses, we find that non-trivial badges, which display the build status, test coverage, and up-to-dateness of dependencies, are mostly reliable signals, correlating with more tests, better pull requests, and fresher dependencies. Displaying such badges correlates with best practices, but the effects do not always persist.
A resting-state fMRI study in chronic obstruction pulmonary disease

and controls. Mean RSN spatial maps for all 50 subjects are shown using hot colours. Regions of significant group differences (p < 0.01) are shown in cold colours. DMN = Default mode network, RFP = Right fronto-parietal, LFP = Left frontoparietal, Vis = Visual, SM+Aud = Sensorimotor and auditory, PF = Pre-frontal. MNI coordinates (mm) shown for slice locations. A resting-state fMRI study in chronic obstruction pulmonary disease Ai Wern Chung, James W. Dodd, Rebecca A. Charlton, Paul W. Jones, and Thomas R. Barrick Stroke and Dementia Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, London, United Kingdom, Division of Clinical Science, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
Spatial Heterogeneity of Sustainable Transportation Offer Values: A Comparative Analysis of Nantes Urban and Periurban/Rural Areas (France)

Innovative solutions have been implemented to promote sustainable mobility in urban areas. In the Nantes area (northwestern part of France), alternatives to single-occupant car use have increased in the past few years. In the urban area, there is an efficient public transport supply, including tramways and a " busway " (Bus Rapid Transit), as well as bike-sharing services. In periurban and rural areas, there are carpool areas, regional buses and the new " tram-train " lines. In this article, we focus on the impact on house prices of these " sustainable " transportation infrastructures and policies, in order to evaluate their values. The implicit price of these sustainable transport offers was estimated through hedonic price functions describing the Nantes urban and periurban/rural housing markets. Spatial regression models (SAR, SEM, SDM and GWR) were carried out to capture the effect of both spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity. The results show patterns of spatial heterogeneity of transportation offer implicit prices at two scales: (i) between urban and periurban/rural areas, as well as (ii) within each territory. In the urban area, the distance to such offers was significantly associated with house prices. These associations varied by type of transportation system (positive for tramway and railway stations and negative for bike-sharing stations). In periurban and rural areas, having a carpool area in a 1500-m buffer around the home was negatively associated with house prices, while having a regional bus station in a 500-m buffer was non-significant. Distance to the nearest railway station was negatively associated with house prices. These findings provide research avenues to help public policy-makers promote sustainable mobility and pave the way for more locally targeted interventions.
Simulation of Targeted RF-Heating at 1 . 5 T , 3 . 0 T , 7 . 0 T , 9 . 4 T and 11 . 7 T MR

of an eight channel dipole antenna applicator at 297MHz and related temperature simulations (right) for 25W continuous wave heating for 5 minutes in an axial (a) and coronal (b) slice. Phantom properties: ɛ2=75, σ2=0.72 Tab. I: iso-SAR areas in [mm2] for frequencies ranging from 64 MHz to 500 MHz. iso-SAR values were derived from surface regions (surface area) and center regions (main area) of a central axial slice of the cylindrical phantom. The missing values (-) indicate, that no iso-SAR contour could be calculated. Simulation of Targeted RF-Heating at 1.5T, 3.0T, 7.0T, 9.4T and 11.7T MR Lukas Winter, Celal Özerdem, Helmar Waiczies, and Thoralf Niendorf Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité University Medicine Campus Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
PubMed Labs: An experimental platform for improving biomedical literature search

PubMed is a freely accessible system for searching the biomedical literature, with approximately 2.5 million users worldwide on an average workday. We have recently developed PubMed Labs (www.pubmed.gov/labs), an experimental platform for users to test new features/tools and provide feedback, which enables us to make more informed decisions about potential changes to improve the search quality and overall usability of PubMed. In doing so, we hope to better meet our user needs in an era of information overload. Another novel aspect of PubMed Labs lies in its mobile-first and responsive layout, which offers better support for accessing PubMed on the increasingly popular use of mobile and small-screen devices. Currently, PubMed Labs only includes a core subset of PubMed functionalities, e.g. search, facets. We encourage users to test PubMed Labs and share their experience with us, based on which we expect to continuously improve PubMed Labs with more advanced features and better user experience.