Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Dietary Phosphorus and Vitamin D3 Levels on In Vivo Limestone Solubilization, Plasma Calcium, and pH of the Digestive Tract of Leghorn Hens at Oviposition and During Egg Cycle

Abstract Five experiments were conducted to determine the influence of dietary phosphorus (P) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) levels on in vivo limestone solubilization, plasma calcium (Ca) level and pH of the digestive tract at oviposition and during egg cycle. In Experiment I, White Leghorn hens were fed 0.4 or 0.7% total P for 6 weeks and then intubated with 0, 5.3, or 10.6 g limestone (0, 2 or 4 g Ca) at first oviposition. Excrement from each hen was collected from first oviposition until subsequent oviposition. Blood samples were collected and digestive tracts removed. Excrement and digestive tract contents were analyzed to determine the extent of limestone solubilization. In Experiments II and III, hens were fed 0.3, 0.45, or 0.6% or 0.3, 0.5 or 0.7% total P, respectively, prior to deeding of limestone. In Experiment IV, pH of the digestive tract was measured in hens (fed 0.3, 0.5 or 0.7% P for six weeks prior to pH measurement) at oviposition and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours post oviposition. In Experiment V, hens were fed diets containing 200 or 500 ICU/kg of vitamin D3 for six weeks, then were fed limestone (9.87 g) to assess limestone solubilization. Limestone was solubilized to a greater extent in hens that were fed low levels of P (0.3 or 0.4%) in the diet. Limestone solubilization was found to be inversely proportional to the amount fed. Changes in pH of the digestive tract were related to time during egg cycle. The pH of the digestive tract was generally low between 8 and 16 hours postoviposition, a period of active calcification. Vitamin D3 did not influence limestone solubilization.
PREVALENCE OF MALARIA PARASITES USING DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING A TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTION IN BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA

This study evaluated the prevalence of malaria parasites using different diagnostic techniques among pregnant women attending a tertiary health institution in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 364 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa state within the age grade of 18 – 40 years. The blood was analyzed using Microscopy, Polymerase Chain Reaction and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Results showed that 240 cases representing 65.9% were positive using microscopy method, 323 cases representing 88.7% were positive using Polymerase Chain Reaction, and 253 cases representing 69.0% were positive using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay techniques for malaria parasite detection. Statistically, there was significant difference at p<0.05 among the various methods of diagnosis. Based on malaria parasite speciation, the prevalence were in order; Plasmodium falciparum > co-infection (P. vivax + P. falciparum) > P. vivax for each of the techniques. Based on the parasites analysis, co-infection (P. vivax + P. falciparum) and P. vivax showed no significant variations (p>0.05) across the various techniques, but significant difference (p<0.05) exist across the techniques except for P. falciparum. In this study Polymerase Chain Reaction and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay showed to have higher capacity to detect malaria parasitaemia even at low density when compared to the Microscopy technique. Therefore, there is the need to increase the front burner in the diagnosis of malaria using the current techniques.
The effect of dietary zinc supplementation on the growth, hepatopancreas fatty acid composition and gene expression in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis (H. MilneEdwards) (Decapoda: Grapsidae)

In order to determine the minimal dietary zinc (Zn) requirements in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, we assessed the in£uence of dietary Zn levels on the weight gain, survival, fatty acid composition, expressions of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) transcripts at end of an 8-week feeding regime. Supplemental Zn (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80mg kg 1 diet) was administered orally to crabs via the diet. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of 20mg Zn kg 1 diet yielded the largest weight gain.While the hepatopancreatic concentrations of Zn increased progressively with the supplemental dosage, the hepatopancreas fatty acid composition was variable and dependent on supplementation. As the dietary Zn concentrations increased, 18:0 in crab hepatopancreas exhibited a downward trend, whereas18:1n-9,18:3 n-3, 20:4 n-6 (ARA) and 22:6 n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) compositions exhibited a bell-curve response. The expressions of FABP and MT-1 transcripts were the highest in crabs receiving 20 or 40mg Zn kg 1 diet corresponding to quanti¢ed levels of 27 or 44mg Zn kg 1 diet. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary Zn de¢ciency may in£uence the synthesis andmetabolismof fattyacids in the hepatopancreas of the mitten crab, an important aquaculture species.
Adaptive Classiﬁcation Improves Control Performance in ERP-Based BCIs

This contribution investigates the eﬀects of applying an unsupervised adaptation mechanism to linear classiﬁers for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). Speciﬁcally, we track changes in the ﬁrst two moments of the unlabeled data distribution. Changes are adaptively compensated by recalculating the classiﬁer based on short, consecutive data segments. The approach is validated on three auditory oddball data sets containing a total of N=37 subjects, of which 6 were used for model selection and the remaining 31 for validation. We ﬁnd a signiﬁcant performance increase (up to 14%) for the adaptive scheme compared to a ﬁxed classiﬁer. The increase is largest for subjects with low performance.
Primary endosymbiosis: have cyanobacteria and Chlamydiae ever been roommates?

Eukaryotes acquired the ability to process photosynthesis by engulfing a cyanobacterium and transforming it into a genuine organelle called the plastid. This event, named primary endosymbiosis, occurred once more than a billion years ago, and allowed the emergence of the Archaeplastida, a monophyletic supergroup comprising the green algae and plants, the red algae and the glaucophytes. Of the other known cases of symbiosis between cyanobacteria and eukaryotes, none has achieved a comparable level of cell integration nor reached the same evolutionary and ecological success than primary endosymbiosis did. Reasons for this unique accomplishment are still unknown and difficult to comprehend. The exploration of plant genomes has revealed a considerable amount of genes closely related to homologs of Chlamydiae bacteria, and probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Several studies have proposed that these transferred genes, which are mostly involved in the functioning of the plastid, may have helped the settlement of primary endosymbiosis. Some of these studies propose that Chlamydiae and cyanobacterial symbionts coexisted in the eukaryotic host of the primary endosymbiosis, and that Chlamydiae provided solutions for the metabolic symbiosis between the cyanobacterium and the host, ensuring the success of primary endosymbiosis. In this review, I present a reevaluation of the contribution of Chlamydiae genes to the genome of Archaeplastida and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this tripartite model for primary endosymbiosis.
EFFECT OF WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES) LEAVES MEAL SUBSTITUTION WITH MAIZE ON DIGESTIBILITY OF COMMON CARP

The objective of this study to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter and protein of six pelleted fish diet incorporated with different levels of water hyacinth (Echhornia crassipes), 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) on performance of common carp fingerlings, using chromium dioxide as an inert biomarker. Experimented diets were prepared to be iso protein (30.70%±0.20) and isocaloric (375.00 ± 0.52 kcal/ 100gm). Proximate compositions of test diets, fecal matter and chromium contents also were determined. Results revealed the maximum value of ADCs for dry matter (DM) was found in treatment T4 (70.51%), while the minimum value was found in (T6) (60.56%). Similarly, the maximum ADCs values for crude protein content, in T4, while the minimum values were found in T6. The study has shown that common carp efficient maximum digestion to nutrients is only up to 20% of water hyacinth inclusion in the diet.
Roles of Parental Absence and Child’s Gender in Early Childhood Investment in Rural Thailand∗

This paper studies the roles of parental absence and child’s gender in early childhood investment using a new dataset from rural Thailand. Our findings consistently show that female children received more time, but less material investments. The material investment was significantly lower for left-behind children while the difference in time investment was not significant. Based on an economic model of early childhood investment, these results suggest that time investment is more important relative to material input for girls and households with parental absence. The estimation of the elasticity of substitution between time and material investments suggests that both of the inputs are surprisingly complementary. ∗We would like to thank Nina Guyon, John Ham, Liu Haoming, Slesh A. Shrestha, Changcheng Song and Robert M. Townsend for helpful comments. We also thank all the staff members of the RIECE Thailand project, especially Varunee Kruerpradit, who made the RIECE data possible. Tee Kilenthong is grateful to financial support from the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce (UTCC), The Quality Learning Foundation (QLF), and Supachai Suthipongchai. Tú Đinh is grateful to financial support from the University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce (UTCC), and the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Scholarship Program. The findings and conclusions contained in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funders. Email: tee@riped.utcc. ac.th and ngoctu@riped.utcc. ac.th.
Prevalence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and other Ligament Injuries among the Saudi Community in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) are types of cruciate ligaments. ACL is the most common injured ligament and it is important for stabilization of the knee. It is commonly injured especially in sports as a consequence, knee function and participation in physical activities will be limited. Our objective is to provide descriptive epidemiological data; study the prevalence as well as provide knowledge of the management of the anterior cruciate ligament injury and other knee ligament injury among Saudi community in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the Saudi Community in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia from May 2019 to August 2019. Target sample size was 300 respondents; minimum sample size was 250 respondents. We ended up collecting 282 of which 74 has cruciate ligament injury. The Saudi community received an online community to fill. The criterion that is included in the questionnaire are age, gender, nationality, whether sports was practiced and key questions that revolves about injury to the knee ligaments such as previous tear in the ligaments of the knee, which ligament was injured; ACL, PCL, MCL or LCL. Injured knee; right, left or both, type of cruciate ligament injury; partial or complete tear, management used; surgical or physiotherapy, duration of healing time; less than 3 months, 3 to 6 months or more than 6 months and lastly was sports practiced after injury. Results: This study reported the prevalence of ACL and other cruciate ligaments injury among the Saudi community in Jeddah City of 26.2%. The age of the studied ACL injury cases ranged from 13 > 50 years with mean age (± SD) was 38.0 ± 12.2 years. Most of cases (91.9%) were males. As for side of the injured cruciate ligament, (55.4%) had anterior cruciate ligaments injury, (8.1%) had posterior cruciate ligament injury, (27.0%) has medial collateral ligament injury and (9.5%) had lateral collateral ligament injury and (13.5%) had the injury in both sides. In the majority (68.9%) of cases, ACL tear was partial, complete in (31.3%). (48.6%) underwent surgical treatment and (51.4%) went for physiotherapy. Conclusion: Cruciate ligament injury is a common harm among the Saudi Population where the majority are male with (91.9). Right knee was more affected with (51.4%). Majority of the Injured ligament was the ACL with (55.4%) and lateral collateral ligament being the least with (9.5%). In terms of treatment (51.4%) of cases have undergone physiotherapy, while (48.6%) of cases have undergone surgical treatment. It is shown there there is no significant relationship between time of healing and side of injured knee. Notably there is less healing time for partial tear whereas with complete tear takes more time. Management with surgery takes longer time compared to management with physiotherapy.
Factors Influencing Shell Investigation in the Hermit Crab, Pagurus bernhardus

Laboratory experiments in which littoral specimens of Pagurus bernhardus were offered shells with blocked apertures showed that animals occupying poor quality shells approached and contacted new shells more quickly, spent longer investigating them, and spent a greater proportion of that time in active exploration of them than did animals in better shells. Animals spent less time investigating shells smaller than the optimal size than they did good quality shells, even though none of the shells could be occupied. Crabs spent less time investigating a new shell when a visible stimulus (a stone, a shell or another crab) was present. Shell assessment was thus influenced by the quality of the crab's own shell, the quality of the offered shell and the presence of other features in the animal's environment.
The Mitotic Index in the Chick Embryo

BY mitotic index is meant now' the per cent. of mitotic nuclei of any total number counted. The index is being used extensively to-day as a measure in studies on periodicity, mitotic stimulating activities of various drugs and hormones, etc., in many different organisms without due regard, in the opinion of the writer, for certain factors which affect the validity of the index. It seems important, therefore, to examine the nature of these factors in an effort to determine how valid the index may be in any case. We have, perhaps, more data which relate directly to this question in the case of the chick embryo than in any other organism. For this reason the following analysis has been restricted to such data. Studies of the index in the chick embryo have led to definite conclusions about a number of important problems. Schultz (1918 and 1922) showed that there is a gradual decrease in the index between 18 and 72 hours of incubation and attributed this decline to a slowing down of the division rate. Stough (1935) concluded that the index is too low to account for known increase in nuclear number and in this conclusion found support for his hypothesis of modified mitosis. Derrick (1937) used the index in all analysis of early embryonic development. Mitotic division of its nucleus is one phase in the life of a cell. The duration of this phase, that is, the time actually occupied by the process of mitosis, may or may not be related in a fixed way to the rest of cell time. The validity of the index as a measure of proliferative rate, however, depends upon an assumption. The truth of this assumption seems, tacitly, at least, to have been taken for granted by nearly all those who have used the index as such a measure. Coghill (1924) and Richards (1935), however, have pointed out that if both interkinetie time 1 Minot (1908) used the expression "'initotic index'" to denote the proportion of initotic nuclei found among a thousand counted.
Scale propagation for Accurate and Practical Dense Correspondence Estimation Across Scenes and Scales

We seek a practical method for establishing dense correspondences between two images with similar content, but possibly diﬀerent 3D scenes. One of the challenges in designing such a system is the local scale diﬀerences of objects appearing in the two images. Previous methods often considered only few image pixels; matching only pixels for which stable scales may be reliably estimated. Recently, others have considered dense correspondences, but with substantial costs associated with generating, storing and matching scale invariant descriptors. Our work is motivated by the observation that pixels in the image have contexts – the pixels around them – which may be exploited in order to reliably estimate local scales. We make the following contributions. (i) We show that scales estimated in sparse interest points may be propagated to neighboring pixels where this information cannot be reliably determined. Doing so allows scale invariant descriptors to be extracted anywhere in the image. (ii) We present three means for propagating this information: using the scales at detected interest points, using the underlying image information to guide scale propagation in each image separately, and using both images together. Finally, (iii), we provide extensive qualitative and quantitative results, demonstrating that scale propagation allows for accurate dense correspondences to be obtained even between very diﬀerent images, with little computational costs beyond those required by existing methods.
Official control of ochratoxin A in food of animal origin in Poland between 2003 and 2012

Abstract Between 2003 and 2012, 1413 samples of kidneys, liver, and muscles from swine, cattle, sheep, horses, chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, and fish were examined for the presence of ochratoxin A. The examination was performed in the framework of “The National Residue Control Programme for Chemical, Biological, and Drug Residue in Animal Tissues and in the Food of Animal Origin”. The mycotoxin was determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean up. The limit of quantification was 0.2 μg/kg. Ochratoxin A was found only in swine kidney samples (n = 1092). It was detected in 28.8% of the kidney samples at the concentrations from 0.2 to 29.2 μg/kg. The most of the samples (25.5%) contained OTA at the concentration ranging from 0.2 to 5 μg/kg, which is below the provisional action level for OTA in kidneys, established in Poland at the concentration of 5 μg/kg. Furthermore, 24 (2.2 ) samples had mycotoxin concentrations between 5 and 10 μg/kg and 13 (1.2 ) samples above 10 μg/kg.
THE EFFECT OF SHARING KNOWLEDGE ON HUMAN CAPITAL AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION IN PIDIE GOVERNMENT SATKER

This study is to test the effect of knowledge sharing on human capital and its impact on organizational innovation. This research is conducted at Pidie Government Satker (Institution. The population is limited only to the Head of Department, Head of Section (Kabag), and Head of Division (Kabid), which amounted to 311 populations. Sampling is taken by simple random sampling method, determined as much as 50 percent of the population so that the sample is 155 respondents. The data is collected using questionnaires. To analyze the data, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method is used in the form of Partial Least Square (PLS). Special for the indirect effects, the authors uses Sobel Calculator to test the model. From the result, we can see that knowledge sharing seen from individual factor effects human capital significantly, knowledge sharing seen from the organizational factor effects human capital significantly, knowledge sharing seen from the technology factor effects human capital significantly, knowledge sharing seen from individual factor effects organizational innovation significantly, knowledge sharing seen from organizational factor effects organizational innovation significantly, knowledge sharing seen from the technology factor effects organizational innovation significantly, human capital effects organizational innovation significantly, there is an effect of knowledge sharing seen from individual factor through human capital on organizational innovation significantly, there is an effect of knowledge sharing seen from organizational factor through human capital on organizational innovation significantly, there is an effect of knowledge sharing seen from the technology factor through human capital on organizational innovation significantly. The all findings show its contribution to update the causality models from the previous, and this new model can support the other research in the further and as reference for the practical managers, especially the object in this research. The research also contains novelty that resides in the integration of the causality theories from the previous researches, and also with the new object that is the Pidie Governmenr Satker. The limitations is also contained that are the number of the variables and the research scope. Keyword: Sharing Knowledge, Human Capital, dan Inovasi Organisasi.
Growth and Physiology of Thuja occidentalis L. from Cliffs and Swamps: Is Variation Habitat or Site Specific?

To determine if patterns of growth and physiology of Thuja occidentalis differed between dry and wet habitats or were site specific within habitats, three cliff and three swamp populations in southern Ontario, Canada, were intensively investigated. The average annual increases in height, basal diameter, and estimated oven dry mass were determined for all trees in four 16 m2 quadrats per site. The net photosynthetic response to photosynthetically active radiation was measured in situ at each site and on potted cliff and swamp saplings kept in a mesic common garden. Possible environmental factors controlling growth, such as tissue nutrient levels and canopy shading, were also investigated. Significant differences were found among the six sites in all three measures of productivity, in the maximum net photosynthetic rate at light saturation (Pmax), in the foliar levels of N, P, Ca, and the N:P ratio, and in the degree of canopy shading. Variations in all these characteristics were site specific and independent of habitat type. Significant differences between cliffs and swamps were found only in the foliar levels of Mg (cliff > swamp). All foliar nutrient levels (with the possible exception of P at one cliff site) were above values considered limiting. Plants in the common garden had the same photosynthetic light response as their in situ counterparts. There was no correspondence among the site-specific patterns of productivity, Pmax, foliar nutrients, and canopy shading. It is concluded that the factors controlling the growth of T. occidentalis are site but not habitat specific. No evidence of ecotypic differentiation was found.
HUMAN EMOTION DETECTION THROUGH FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

Human to human social communication in real-life is possible through different modalities like facial expressions, speech and body poses. However, facial expressions plays important role while dealing with human emotions in real-life than the other modalities. It is because facial expression provides non-verbal data towards emotions. And also gives emotion of a person towards his goal. On the other hand, speech and body poses are mostly language and culture dependent respectively which creates problem while detection emotions of a person. Thus in order to deal with the above issues, this research work focused on facial expressions instead other modalities. To improve detection performance of the system, proposed Relative Sub-Image Based features is used. Support Vector Machine with radial basis kernel is used for classification. Total six basic emotions (angry, sad, happy, disgust, boredom and surprise) are tested. From experimental results, the proposed Relative Sub-Image Based features enhanced the classification rates than the conventional features.