Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consequences of male brood care; weight and number of newborn in a sex-role reversed pipefish

1. In the pipefish Syngnathus typhle sex roles are reversed, as females compete for access to males. In this species males provide all brood care (i.e. are 'pregnant') and female reproductive rate exceeds the reproductive rate of males. Consequently females are limited by access to mates and male reproductive success is limited by male brooding ability and/or mate quality. Thus, phenomena like brood reduction and a trade-off between number and weight of newborn may be expected in males. 2. In this paper I demonstrate the following in males of S. typhle: (a) the initial weight of the egg (received from the female) positively influenced the weight of newborn; (b) in the male's brood pouch, number of newborn frequently is less than number of eggs initially received (brood reduction), and the extent of this decrease in brood size positively influenced the weight of newborn; (c) a trade-off between number and weight of newborn was demonstrated in males from field samples and in large experimental males (independent of brood reduction), but not in small males that presumably allocated resources to several other demands (condition, growth, etc.); (d) paternal length, per se, did not affect the weight of newborn. 3. The results indicate that in S. typhle, male reproductive success is limited by their own brooding ability and influenced by the egg size received (indirectly quality of mate), which may be expected in a situation of sex-role reversal.
Yield components, morphology, and forage quality of multifoliolate alfalfa phenotypes

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars differ greatly in performance when grown under low-maintenance regimes. This greenhouse study was conducted to determine if certain growth and morphological characteristics are common to five cultivars that have consistently performed well and to five cultivars that have consitently performed well and to five cultivars that have consistently performed poorly when grown in a low-fertility, nonirrigated field trial in Iowa. The low-maintenance cultivars were K3-162, Kenblue, Vantage, S-21, and South Dakota Common; the high-maintenance cultivars were Bonnieblue, Lovegreen, Columbia, I-13, and A20. Clear, polyethylene tubes, 60 cm long and 3.2 cm o.d. , were filled with fritted clay and supported by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe along a research greenhouse bench. Single seedlings of each cultivar were transplanted into each tube and replicated four times. Data collected during the 10-wk experiments included weekly rooting depths and clipping yields. Plant morphological measurements, root dry weights from three equal sections of the root tubes, shoot fresh and dry weights, and lateral branch numbers were recorded at harvest. The experiment was conducted three times. Low-maintenance cultivars were found to root 12% deeper, produce 56% more total root weight, maintain a lower shoot-to-root ratio, and contain proportionally less moisture in their shoot tissue. They also had marrower leaf blades, more leaf folding, 27% longer sheaths, a greater leaf angle from horizontal, and 13% fewer leaves per shoot. The identification of growth and morphological characteristics common to low-maintenance grasses appears to be important in the selection and development of new cultivars for minimal-maintenance conditions
Effects of organic manures and fertilizers on organic matter and nutrients status of the soil

Abstract A long-term field demonstration was initiated in 1995 to evaluate the effect of organic manures (FYM, poultry manure and pressmud) and mineral fertilizers on changes of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic C and nutrient contents under pearl millet – wheat cropping sequence. Continuous application of organic manures alone or in conjunction with NP fertilizer for 10 years decreased the soil pH. However, a reverse trend was observed in case of EC. Organic C content of the soil decreased from its initial value, when only NP fertilizers were applied and increased significantly with the application of organic manures applied alone or with NP fertilizers. The highest organic carbon content of the soil has approached to 0.99% in plot receiving 15 Mg FYM +150 kg N +30 kg P2O5 ha−1. The application of organic manures with or without NP fertilizers could not sustain the original level of N. However, their application increased the available P, K and DTPA extractable Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu content of soil. Application of P, K and micronutrients can be avoided with the application of organic manures. The build-up of organic C and nutrient contents was higher in surface soil as compare to sub-surface soil.
How manufacturer's integration strategies affect closed-loop supply chain performance

This paper considers a manufacturer's optimal integration strategy in a three-level closed-loop supply chain including one manufacturer, one retailer and two competing collectors. We study how the manufacturer's integration strategies of retailing and collecting channels affect the closed-loop supply chain members' optimal decisions and maximum profits, and also investigate the interaction between the collection competition and the manufacturer's integration strategies. Through comparing various integration strategies, some new and interesting management insights are obtained: to improve collection rate of the whole closed-loop supply chain and maximise the surplus profit of integration strategy, the manufacturer's best opt is to integrate the retailer and only one collector when the collection competition is intense.
Multi-Objective Computation Sharing in Energy and Delay Constrained Mobile Edge Computing Environments

In a mobile edge computing (MEC) network, mobile devices, also called edge clients, offload their computations to multiple edge servers that provide additional computing resources. Since the edge servers are placed at the network edge, e.g., cell-phone towers, transmission delays between edge servers and edge clients are shorter compared to those of cloud computing. In addition, edge clients can offload their tasks to other nearby edge clients with available computing resources by exploiting the Fog Computing (FC) paradigm. A major challenge in MEC and FC networks is to assign the tasks from edge clients to edge servers, as well as to other edge clients, in such a way that their tasks are completed with minimum energy consumption and minimum processing delay. In this paper, we model task offloading in MEC as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem (CMOP) that minimizes both the energy consumption and task processing delay of the mobile devices. To solve the CMOP, we design an evolutionary algorithm that can efficiently find a representative sample of the best trade-offs between energy consumption and task processing delay, i.e., the Pareto-optimal front. Compared to existing approaches for task offloading in MEC, we see that our approach finds offloading decisions with lower energy consumption and task processing delay.
Sexual agglutination in Chlamydomonas eugametos is mediated by a single pair of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins

The sexual mating reaction between gametes of the green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos starts by cell-cell contacts involving sex-specific cell-adhesion molecules (agglutinins) at the flagellar membrane. An in vitro adhesion assay is described using glutaraldehyde-fixed gametes. In vitro adhesion was fully comparable to in vivo adhesion, making it a reliable assay to study the initial recognition step of sexual adhesion in vivo. It was shown that both agglutinins are capable of inhibiting sexual adhesion at similar concentrations (1−2×10−10 M), indicating that mt+ and mt− agglutinins interact with each other during binding. This was confirmed by demonstrating that charcoal particles adsorbed with purified agglutinins of the opposite mating type aggregate with each other.
Physicochemical and Dynamic Properties of Caseins Modified by Chemical Phosphorylation

Chemical phosphorylation of bovine caseins may be useful for changing their physicochemical properties. Depending on the pH of phosphorylation of caseins by phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), covalent bonds between phosphate groups and different specific amino acids were formed. After casein phosphorylation, intermolecular associations may occur, as shown by electrophoresis. The solubility of modified casein was increased near the isoelectric point (pHi) and decreased at alkaline and acidic pH. In the presence of Ca++ at alkaline pH, the solubility of phosphorylated casein was lower than that of the control. Rheological parameters appeared to be efficient indices of structural changes occurring in proteins as a result of chemical modifications. Electron spin resonance studies showed that the flexibility of phosphorylated casein was higher than that of the control.
Fossil Evidence for the Onset of Xeromorphy and Scleromorphy in Australian Proteaceae

The morphological response of leaves to low nutrient levels and low phosphorus (scleromorphy) in particular, has become confused in the literature with the response to low water levels (xeromorphy). However, the two can be reconciled to some degree, particularly when it becomes clear that the earliest Proteaceae in the fossil record are scleromorphic, but occurred in very wet climates, where excessive water on the leaf surface was probably a major problem. Unequivocal xeromorphic characters are interpreted as those that increase the boundary layer and thus reduce water loss per unit of leaf surface area without improving water repellancy from the surface. The clearest characters in this regard are the presence of stomata in pits, stomata individually enclosed by raised structures or revolute leaf margins. None of these characters appears prior to the Late Eocene in south-western Australia and the Oligocene in south-eastern Australia, suggesting that xeromorphy arose relatively late, at least in the areas wherefossil deposits occur. A dense covering of trichomes, often interpreted as a xeromorphic response, is here considered to have had the primary function of keeping water off the leaf surface, although it may have been exapted to a xeromorphic function when dry conditions arose. Thus scleromorphy and xeromorphy appear to have arisen at distinctly different times in Australian Proteaceae, with the latter not being a convincingly pre–Late Eocene phenomenon.
Quantitative Analysis of Hotspots and Trends in User-generated Content

User generated content (UGC) is a kind of Internet product mode leaded by user under Web 2.0, which is more active in recent years. In the paper, the text mining and visual analysis tool CiteSpace was used to analyze literatures with key words of "user generated content" published in Web of Science database from 2008 to 2019. The themes of literatures, institutes of authors, key words, and co-citation were analyzed to get focuses and trends of UGC. In the paper, the research hotspots of UGC were included to provide suggestion for further work: basic information, motivation, application and analysis of UGC, and legal issues.
Temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity, respiration, and growth rates of bloom‐forming cyanobacteria

Abstract The literature was reviewed to determine the direct temperature effects on photosynthetic capacity (Pmax), specific respiration rate (Rest), and growth rate of bloom‐forming cyanobacteria (Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Oscillatoria) and to assess the importance of direct tern‐perature effects on cyanobacterial dominance in lakes. This analysis is supported by field studies of Microcystis aeruginosa in a hypertrophic lake. The literature and field data show that Pmax, Rest, and growth rate are temperature‐dependent with optima usually at 25 °C or greater. The four genera varied in their response to low temperatures with Microcystis being most severely limited belw about 15 °C. Oscillatoria tended to tolerate the widest range of temperatures. However, an examination of field data from representative lakes around the world indicated that direct temperature effects were secondary to indirect temperature effects (mixing) and nutrients in determining the dominance of bloom‐forming cyanobacteria.
Body composition of young sheep and goats determined by the tritium dilution technique

SUMMARY Ten young crossbred Finnish Landrace sheep and eleven young crossbred Damascus goats with liveweights ranging from 14 to 50 kg and of different ages and body condition, were used to develop equations to predict the body composition (chemical) in the intact body and dressed carcass of young sheep and goats. After injection with tritiated water, the animals were slaughtered and their carcasses partitioned into anatomical body components which were each analysed for chemical composition (water, fat, protein, ash) and energy content. From these components, the energy content and chemical composition of the intact bodies were calculated by summation. Apart from organ and gut fat, the two species had a similar body component composition. Goat intact bodies were more hydrated and had less fat, but were similar to sheep in protein and ash content. The energy concentration in their body components was also similar, but goats had a lower energy concentration in their intact bodies. Total body water, energy content and dressed carcass were predicted accurately by the derived equations, but fat, protein and ash were predicted with less precision.
Geographic variation of flower traits in Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae): do pollinators matter?

Aim The geographic clinal variation of traits in organisms can indicate the possible causes of phenotypic evolution. We studied the correlates of flower trait variation in populations of a style‐dimorphic plant, Narcissus papyraceus Ker‐Gawl. , within a region of high biogeographical significance, the Strait of Gibraltar. This species shows a geographic gradient in the style‐morph ratio, suggested to be driven by pollinator shifts. We tested whether parallel geographic variation of perianth traits also exists, concomitant with vegetative trait variation or genetic similarity of plant populations.
Grit as a Predictor and Outcome of Educational, Professional, and Personal Success: A Systematic Review

Given the recent relevance of non-cognitive skills for consequential outcomes in the educational, personal, and professional domains, the objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the quality of the evidences on grit as predictor and outcome of educational, professional, and personal success. A pre-specified systematic review protocol was designed and implemented to synthesize the qualitative finding. A systematic literature search was conducted across diverse platforms and databases. A narrative content analysis was adopted to analyze the results. The final sample of studies reviewed was 90. The following analytical themes were identified: grit as a predictor of educational, professional, and personal success, and grit as outcome of demographic, educational, professional, and personal success. The results suggest that the evidences of effectiveness of grit as a predictor are largely stronger than those of grit as outcome. Additionally, our findings unveil that research on this construct is off to a good start, even though higher-quality research is needed.
Sectoral Electricity Demand and Direct Rebound Effect in New Zealand

This paper is one of the limited studies to investigate rebound effects in sectoral electricity consumption and the specific case of New Zealand. New Zealand, like other OECD economies, has aimed for energy efficiency improvements and reduced electricity consumption from 9.2 MWh per capita in 2010 to 8.6 MWh per capita in 2015. However, following a significant decline since 2010, electricity consumption in the main New Zealand sectors is increasing. Energy conservation could play an important role in meeting the growing demand for electricity but rebound effect can affect the effectiveness of conservation policies. We decompose the sectoral electricity prices to capture the asymmetric demand response to electricity price changes and estimate electricity demand elasticity during 1980 and 2015 to estimate the sectoral rebound effects. We find partial rebound effects of 54% and 23% in the industrial and commercial sector respectively while we find no partial rebound effect at aggregate sectoral level. The rebound effect is insignificant in the residential sector. These findings lead to policy recommendations for more sector specific energy conservation measures and policies.
Influence of phosphorus nutrition on mycorrhizal growth response and morphology of mycorrhizae in Lotus tenuis

Abstract The effect of several rates of phosphorus (P) supply on the forrnatipn of mycorrhizae by indigenous fungi in Lotus tenuis was studied. A greenhouse experiment was conducted for 45 days on a P‐deficient soil fertilized with 0–160 ug P g1 soil. The most prevailing VAM fungus that infected roots was Glomus sp, resembling Glomusfasciculatum. Adding P to me soil influenced the mycorrhizal growth response, the extent of th,e mycorrhizal infection, and the morphological characteristics of the mycorrhizal colonization in roots. Non‐mycorrhizal plants required 1.5 times more added P to obtain the same yield as mycorrhizal plants. Nevertheless, the relationship between the P concentration in shoots and the dry weight of shoots was the same for both mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal plants suggesting that differences in growth reflect differences in the uptake of P rather than its utilization within the plant. The percent of root length infected (HC) and the fraction of infected roots containing arbuscules (A.
The metabolic balance of the planktonic community in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre: The role of mesoscale instabilities

We have studied the net community production (NCP) balance in the Eastern region of the Subtropical North Atlantic during two cruises, in August 1998 and April 1999. In August, heterotrophic bacteria were more abundant than picophytoplankton, which resulted in net heterotrophy (NCP = –129 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 18; mean ± SE), whereas these differences in plankton components were not apparent in April 1999, when the community was in metabolic balance (NCP = –13 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 19). In April, the metabolic balance of microplankton communities was net heterotrophic outside (NCP = –57 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 26) and lower than inside (NCP = 19 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 19) the mesoscale structures present in the area (subtropical front, cyclonic eddy Leticia, and the Great Meteor Tablemount). Positive NCP inside the cyclonic eddy (NCP = 20 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 ± 17) was due to lower respiration rather than to higher gross primary production rates. Gross extrapolation suggests that the regional organic carbon deficit within the Eastern Subtropical Gyre (0.98–1.88 Gt C yr−1) should increase by ~14% and 52% in the absence of mesoscale structures.
Fellowship of the Australian College of Rural & Remote Medicine (FACRRM) Assessment: a review of the first 12 years

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. This paper provides an overview of the first 12 years of the formal assessment program of the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine (ACRRM). The ACRRM Fellowship represents the world’s first and only Fellowship exam in Rural Medicine. The ACRRM assessment program is mapped to its Rural Generalist curriculum, based on the principles of programmatic assessment. ACRRM offers candidates the opportunity to participate in assessment in or close to their home location. The ACRRM Rural Generalist Curriculum defines the scope and standards for independent general practice anywhere in Australia, with a focus on rural and remote settings. The program was initially developed in 2006 and has evolved during delivery from 2008 onwards, utilising the following modalities: • Multi Source Feedback (MSF)• Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)• Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (Mini-CEX)• Case Based Discussion (CBD)• Procedural Skills Logbook• Structured Assessment using Multiple Patient Scenarios (StAMPS) StAMPS is a unique examination, blending the formats of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination and a traditional viva vocè. The program has an emphasis on formative assessment. Over the past 12 years there has been considerable work in developing resources for candidates, governance structures and quality assurance processes. ACRRM’s Fellowship requirements represent a customised bespoke assessment tailored to ACRRM’s curriculum and the Australian rural and remote context. ACRRM’s assessment program has grown substantially with 649 Fellowships being awarded from 2008 - 2019, with considerable experience gained in rural and remote assessment. It now represents a mature firmly-established process as a vocational endpoint in Rural and Remote Medicine. ACRRM has continued to offer its ‘tele-assessment’ program throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, with candidates and examiners participating in assessment by use of distance technology while remaining in or near their home community. This model may provide some insights for other medical Colleges and educational institutions facing challenges in the current environment.
Transparent Conductive p-Type Cuprous Oxide Films in Vis-NIR Region Prepared by Ion-Beam Assisted DC Reactive Sputtering

Cu2O thin film has been widely studied due to its intrinsic p-type conductivity. It can be used as p-type transparent conductive electrode or hole transport layer in various potential applications. However, its intrinsic p-type conductivity is very limited, which needs to be optimized by introducing acceptor defects. In this work, the electrical properties of the Cu2O films was improved through introducing interstitial oxygen in the films those were deposited via direct current sputtering assisted by oxygen ion beam. The results show that with oxygen ion beam current increase, the carrier concentration effectively improves. However, with more interstitial oxygen introduced, the film’s crystallinity significantly reduces, as well as the carrier mobility decreases. Meanwhile, all of the Cu2O films present moderate transmittance in the visible region (400–800 nm), but ideal transmittance in the near infrared (NIR) light region (800–2500 nm). When compared with the strong reflection of the n-type transparent conductive film to the near infrared light, the Cu2O film is transparent conductive in NIR region, which expands its application in the fabrication of NIR electrical devices.
Feed Efficiency Can Be Sustained in Pigs Fed with Locally Produced Narbon Vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.)

There is an interest in replacing soybean meal with locally produced ingredients in livestock feeds. Narbon vetch is resistant to unfavorable climatic and soil conditions, common pests, and has a favorable nutritional profile. The effect of substitution of soybean meal with 0% (V0), 5% (V5), 10% (V10), and 20% (V20) inclusion of Narbon vetch on growth curve parameters, daily body weight gain (DBWG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and residual feed intake (RFI) was investigated in 47 Duroc × Iberian barrows in 16 periods (a total of 125 d). DFI and DBWG were reduced (p < 0.05) up to four weeks after introduction of the novel feed in V20 and V10. Small, mostly nonsignificant differences existed between treatments in FCE and RFI. However, because of accumulative small differences in feed efficiency between the four diets, pigs in V0 reached the highest BW, and pigs in V20 reached the lowest BW on a similar feed intake. Economic implications of Narbon vetch inclusion depend on the extra amount of feed required and associated feed costs, and on the costs of additional days on-farm required to reach a given slaughter weight.