Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring dimensions of health behaviors’ representations

Abstract Objectives: To discover underlying dimensions of health behavior representations and to suggest a new framework for their investigation. Methods: A total of 1709 participants rated 45 health behaviors on 14 theoretical constructs denoting features by which individuals can cognitively represent health behaviors. Correlations among constructs were aggregated across behaviors using a meta-analytic approach, and subjected to factor analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in three interpretable dimensions: ‘Importance’, ‘Negative Experience’ and ‘Ease’, and one tentative factor, ‘Other’. Conclusion: ‘Importance’, ‘Negative Experience’ and ‘Ease’ may be considered key dimensions for studying perceptions of health behaviors within a self-regulatory framework. These dimensions suggest new integrative and parsimonious ways for investigating health behaviors. The findings also highlight the importance of expanding the category of health behaviors to include psycho-social behaviors (e.g. stress management, social relationships), and the need for theoretical refinement of affective constructs anticipated during and after performance of health behaviors. This may improve the understanding and potential modification of health behaviors.
‘Zero Leprosy’ and other endgame strategies: Rhetoric vs. realism in public health campaigns

ABSTRACT For over half a century, many public health campaigns related to infectious disease have focused on disease ‘eradication,’ rather than ‘control’ or ‘management. ’ In this article, I will focus on the example of a recent global leprosy (Hansen’s Disease) control campaign, Triple Zero. Drawing on examples from other public health initiatives, this article explores how the language of ‘zero disease’ or ‘endgame strategies’ is appealing to certain audiences but how it can also be misleading and have unexpected and unintended consequences. Depending on the specific characteristics of the disease, the disease vectors, and the circumstances of transmission, ‘zero’ disease is rarely an achievable goal. In addition, when a disease is said to reach ‘zero,’ it is important to consider the possible implications for people with social, physical, or emotional sequeläe from the disease and who still may require follow-up treatment and care.
Production and impaired regulation of neutrophil extracellular traps following severe thermal injury, implications for sepsis and multiple organ failure

Advancements in burn care have improved immediate outcome, however, the prevalence of sepsis and multiple organ failure (MOF) remain significant. Although well characterised the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of MOF and increased propensity to infection are poorly understood. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide protection against invading pathogens but also contribute to thrombosis. Sepsis is required for NET generation following severe thermal injury. Quantification of circulating NET biomarkers shows good discriminatory power for diagnosis of sepsis. Interestingly, neutrophils isolated from 24 patients with severe thermal injuries, ≥ 15% total body surface area, had a significantly reduced ability to form NETs ex vivo, potentially mediated by phenotypical changes of neutrophils and inhibitory effects of formyl peptides. This thesis identified a major biological mechanism driving MOF after severe thermal injury, namely the compromise to the actin scavenging system which leads to reduced DNAse activity and a build-up of circulating DNA. Preliminary analysis suggests that DNAse activity can be restored by prehospital use of fresh frozen plasma following major trauma. Thus, administration of blood products or manipulation of the actin scavenging system is a potential therapeutic target. This thesis has identified a number of novel mechanisms responsible for the regulation of NETs following severe thermal injuries and their implications for sepsis and MOF.
Temporal dynamics of the flash‐induced bouncing effect

Two identical visual disks moving toward each other on a two‐dimensional (2D) display are more likely to be perceived as “streaming through” than “bouncing off” each other after their coincidence. However, either a brief auditory tone or visual flash presented at the coincident moment of the disks can strikingly increase the incidence of the bouncing percept. Despite the neural substrates underlying the sound‐induced bouncing effect have been widely investigated, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying the flash‐induced bouncing effect. The present study used event‐related potential recordings to explore the temporal dynamics of the flash‐induced bouncing effect. The results showed that the amplitude of the postcoincidence parietooccipital P2 component (190–230 ms after coincidence) elicited by the visual motion was significantly smaller on bouncing relative to streaming trials only when the flash was presented but not when absent. In addition, the parietal P3 component (330–430 ms) was found to be larger on bouncing than streaming trials when the flash was presented, but the opposite was true when no flash was presented. These electrophysiological findings suggest that the flash‐induced bouncing effect may occur at both perceptual and postperceptual stages of processing.
Who maintains good health functioning? The contribution of social, work-related and behavioural factors to mental and physical health functioning trajectories in ageing employees

Objectives The determinants of poor functioning and subsequent early exit from work are well established but very little is known about the positive determinants of maintaining good functioning among the ageing workforce. We investigated modifiable determinants of maintaining good mental and physical health functioning. Methods We used prospective survey data collected across four waves among the midlife employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, 2000–2017 (n=3342). Health functioning was repeatedly measured using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) inventory. Trajectories of mental and physical health functioning were separately examined using group-based trajectory analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to examine determinants of each trajectory. Results Four trajectory solutions for the developmental patterns in health functioning during the follow-up period were selected, with a slightly different shape of the first trajectory for mental and physical functioning: (1) continuously low (mental), low and decreasing (physical), (2) increasing, (3) decreasing and (4) continuously high functioning. After adjustments, the employees in the continuously high mental health functioning group were more likely to have optimal job demands, high job control, no sleep problems and no binge drinking behaviour. Employees in the continuously high physical functioning group had more likely low levels of physically strenuous work and hazardous working environment and no sleep problems and normal weight. Conclusion High job control, good sleep and avoiding binge drinking may help maintain good mental health functioning. Low levels of physical or environmental work exposures, good sleep and recommended healthy weight may support maintenance of good physical health functioning among ageing employees.
Variable and sexually conflicting selection on Silene stellata floral traits by a putative moth pollinator selective agent

Conflicting selection is an important evolutionary mechanism because it impedes directional evolution and helps to maintain phenotypic variation. It can arise when mutualistic and antagonistic selective agents exert opposing selection on the same trait and when distinct phenotypic optima are favored by different fitness components. In this study, we test for conflicting selection through different sexual functions of the hermaphroditic plant, Silene stellata during its early and late flowering season. We find selection is consistently stronger during the early flowering season, which aligns with the activity peak of the pollinating seed predator Hadena ectypa. Importantly, we observe sex‐specific selection on petal dimensions to have opposite signs. We propose that the observed sexually conflicting selection on petal design results from the negative selection through female function for the avoidance of oviposition and the subsequent fruit predation by H. ectypa larvae and the positive selection through male function for pollen export by H. ectypa adults. The Silene–Hadena interaction has previously been considered to be largely parasitic. Our findings suggest a trade‐off mechanism that could thwart the evolution of an “escape route” from the nocturnal pollination syndrome by Silene spp. and contribute to the long‐term maintenance of the Silene–Hadena system.
FINAL REPORT TO FUNDACIÓ BARCELONA ZOO FOR THE PROJECT: “ASSESSING THE SPATIOTEMPORAL AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY OF CHIMPANZEE FOODS IN A DRY, OPEN AND SEASONAL HABITAT” FOR THE SNOWFLAKE GRANT FOR RESEARCH ON PRIMATES

There is broad consensus among paleoanthropologists that meat-eating played a key role in the evolution of Homo, but the details of where, when, and why are hotly debated. It has been argued that increased faunivory was causally connected with hominin adaptation to open, savanna habitats. If savanna-dwelling chimpanzees eat meat more frequently than do forest chimpanzees, it would support the notion that open, dry, seasonal habitats promote hunting or scavenging by hominoids. Here we present observational and fecal analysis data on vertebrate consumption from several localities within the dry, open Ugalla region of Tanzania. Combining these with published fecal analyses, we summarize chimpanzee vertebrate consumption rates, showing quantitatively that savanna chimpanzee populations do not differ significantly from forest populations. Compared with forest populations, savanna chimpanzees consume smaller vertebrates that are less likely to be shared, and they do so more seasonally. Analyses of chimpanzee hunting that focus exclusively on capture of forest monkeys are thus difficult to apply to chimpanzee faunivory in open-country habitats and may be misleading when used to model early hominin behavior. These findings bear on discussions of why chimpanzees hunt and suggest that increases in hominin faunivory were related to differences between hominins and chimpanzees and/or differences between modern and Pliocene savanna woodland environments. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
RoskildeUniversity E-services: Characteristics, Scope and Conceptual Strengths

The concept of e-services has gained increasing use lately. There is, however, no general agreement as to the precise meaning and scope of the term. The research purpose of the present article is, therefore, to discuss the e-service concept, its strengths and scope, and thereby contribute to the general understanding and definition of the term. Furthermore, the article aims at examin - ing one of the primary conditions for the development of e-services, namely the codification of knowledge in connection with knowledge intensive services. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]
The relationship between teachers' perception towards organizational culture and occupational stress at no.2 basic education high school, in Insein Township, Myanmar

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between teachers’ perception towards organizational culture and occupational stress at No.2 Basic Education High School, in Insein Township, Myanmar in the academic year 2015-2016.A total of 91 full-time teachers from No.2 Basic Education High School, in Insein Township, Myanmar were surveyed for this study. The research instrument was the questionnaire that investigated the teachers’ perception towards organizational culture and occupational stress. The collected data were analyzed by using the mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient.The study found out that level of teachers’ perception towards organizational culture was moderate in the school, and the level of teachers’ perception towards occupational stress was low for the school. Therefore, the hypothesis was accepted as the study discovered that a moderate negative relationship between teachers’ perception towards organizational culture and occupational stress was existing at No.2 Basic Education High School, in Insein Township, Myanmar.
Experience of human milk banking from tertiary care centre of South Rajasthan

Background and objective: Human milk bank plays an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive human milk. This retrospective study was carried out to review the basic characteristics of donors and recipients, and the amounts and contamination of breast milk donated at the human milk bank from a tertiary care hospital in South Rajasthan. Materials and methods: Milk banks collect, screen, store, process, and distribute human milk. Data regarding clinical characteristics of the donor mother and recipients, and collected human milk for a period of 9 months (April – December 2017) were obtained from medical records and analysed. Results: The donor pool consisted of 3117 mothers with total sittings of milk donation being 6787. Maximum number (1763; 56.5%) of donor mothers were recruited from gynaecological indoor units. A total of 789.8 L milk was collected, and 767.4 L milk was processed. There were 1492 neonate beneficiaries. Preterm neonates were the most common beneficiaries. Conclusion: Human milk banks serve a vital function by providing human milk for premature infants, sick or hospitalized infants and others who, for a variety of reasons, would otherwise not have access to mothers’ milk. The use of donor milk is widely endorsed. Additionally, establishing a nationwide network of human milk banking and successfully integrating human milk banking services with newborn care will further contribute to the progress of milk banking and reducing preventable newborn deaths.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHARACTERISTICS OF MIDWIFE AND SOCIAL AWARENESS IN FE TABLETS ADMINISTRATION TO PREGNANT WOMEN IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS

Coverage of Fe tablets during antenatal care visit from 2011-2013 in Public Health Centers in Surabaya was still low with an average percentage of 9.29% and 16.27%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between characteristics of a midwife and social awareness of a midwife in Fe tablets administration to pregnant women in Public Health Centers in Surabaya. This research was an analytic observational study and a cross sectional approach. The research location was in all Public Health Centers in Surabaya. The samples as many as 65 midwives were taken using multistage random cluster sampling technique from 62 Public Health Centers representing every region in Surabaya. The data obtained were analyzed by using Ordinal Logistic Regression technique. The results showed that the age and length of employment are closely related to social awareness of midwife, while educational background was not closely related to social awareness of midwife. The conclusion of this study is that characteristics of midwife are closely related to social awareness of midwife. Midwives with good social awareness generate a good performance achievement. Our suggestion is that Public Health Centers should immediately provide education and training to midwives who have less social awareness. In addition to the process of hiring a midwife, Public Health Centers should pay attention to midwives’ ability of social interaction as it relates to the responsibility of providing services to pregnant women. Keywords: Social Awareness, Midwives’ Performance, Fe Tablets
Effectiveness of Acupuncture and Infrared Therapies for Reducing Musculoskeletal Pain in the Elderly

Background : According to the World Health Organization, the most frequent health problems experienced by the elderly is musculoskeletal pain. The common treatment for musculoskeletal pain is Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) drugs. These drugs, however, give undesireable side effects such as disorders in digestion, renal function, and increased blood pressure. Acupuncture and infrared therapies have been widely known as cheap and safe for musculoskeletal pain. However, their relative effectiveness are not yet clear. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture and infrared therapies for reducing musculoskeletal pain in the elderly. Subje cts and Method : This was an experiment study with randomized controlled trials design. The study was conducted at the elderly integrated health post Klodran, Karanganyar, Central Java, in May, 2016. A total sample of 60 elderlies was selected for this study using random sampling technique. This sample was randomized into 4 groups, each consisting of 15 study subjects: (1) acupressure; (2) acupuncture; (3) infrared; (4) acupuncture and infrared. The dependent variable was musculoskeletal pain. The independent variable was type of pain relief therapy. The data was analyzed by Kruskall Wallis Test, and post-hoc test using Mann-Whitney. Results : Kruskall Wallis Test showed mean differences in the reduction of musculosceletal pain between the four groups, and they were statistically significant, as follows: acupressure (mean= 1.3; SD= 0.5), acupunture (mean= 2.3; SD= 0.5), infrared (mean= 1.6; SD= 0.6), and acupuncture and infrared (mean= 3.9; SD= 0.4). Mann-Whitney test showed the most effective treatment for reducing musculoskeletal pain was acupunture and infrared combination therapy (mean difference= 2.53; p<0.001). Conclusion : Acupunture and infrared combination is the most effective treatment for reducing musculoskeletal pain in the elderly. K eywords : musculoskeletal pain, acupressure, acupuncture, infrared, elderly Correspondence : Risna Widowati. Acupuncture Unit, School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: risna.widowati@gmail.com. HP +6281555742729. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2017), 2(1): 41-51 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2017. 02.01. 05
Early Detection of Conduction Failure of Median Nerve in Patients with Diabetic Type I & Type II

An intelligent biopotential amplifier [Electroneurograph] for measurement of conduction velocity has been fabricated and tested in diabetic type I & II patients with moderate to acute diabetic neuropathic conditions. The electrodes were placed in appropriate positions and resultant responses were measured. Latency of waveform was measured from which the conduction velocity was arrived at. Significant variations in conduction velocity in median nerve of specimen were observed in moderate to acute diabetic type I & II. Diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy at various stages is the primary significance of this technique which helps the doctor to take immediate steps for advanced treatment in patients to minimize conduction failure.
A Secure Cloud Storage using Erasure Code Mechanism with Secure Data Forwarding

Cloud storage consists distributed storage where digital data is stored in logical pools. Although cloud storage has many advantages like data scalability, cost savings, usability, the major threat to cloud storage is data security. General encryption schemes limit few operations on encrypted data. Data robustness is a major requirement in distributed storage system. We propose a secure cloud storage which ensures data robustness by using decentralized erasure code mechanism. Threshold Proxy re-encryption scheme is used where a user can forward the data in storage servers to another user without retrieving it back. This scheme proposes encoding and forwarding operations over the encrypted data. Keywords—Decentralized Erasure Code, Threshold Proxy Re-Encryption, Security.
Maximizing Energy Efficiencyin Mobile Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks using Particle Swarm Optimization

: Apromosing solution for enhancing the the lifetime of energy-constrained Mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs), is to harvest the energy from radio frequency (RF) signals. Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) is such a technique which is applied to a MWSN where the energy harvested by relay nodes can be used for the purpose of forwarding data. The RF signal carries both information and energy at the same time. For enhancing the lifetime of the network, the transmittedRF energy can be recycled at the receiver side. In this case,a balance between harvestingenergy and forwardingdatais achieved in order to maximize the system energy efficiency. The received power is split into two continuous sets of power stream using arbitrary power splitting ratios. By considering the various power splitting abilities of receivers, a Resource Allocation (ResAll) algorithm is used to find the resource allocation policies. InResAll algorithm system energy efficiency is achieved by balancing data rate, energyefficiency, power splitting ratio and transmit power. Then Particle swarm optimization is employed to obtain the optimum resource allocation policies which further maximizes the system energy efficiency. A cost function is framed for this purpose and PSO attains maximum energy efficiency byimproving the solution of the cost function at each iteration with respect to given constraints.
University of Birmingham A novel automated approach for software effort estimation based on data augmentation

Background: software effort estimation (SEE) usually suffers from data scarcity problem due to the expensive or long process of data collection. As a result, companies usually have limited data projects for effort estimation, causing unsatisfactory prediction performance. Few studies have investigated strategies to generate additional SEE data to aid such learning. Aim: to propose a synthetic data generator to address the data scarcity problem of SEE. The proposed approach should be general to be used with any state-of-the-art SEE method. Ideally, it should be simple and hardly have negative effect on SEE performance. Method: our synthetic generator enlarges the SEE data set size by slightly displacing some randomly chosen training examples. It can be used with any SEE method as a data preprocessor. Its effectiveness is justified with 6 state-of-the-art SEE models across 14 SEE data sets. We also compare our data generator against the only existing approach in the SEE literature. Results: our synthetic projects can significantly improve the performance of some SEE methods especially when the training data is insufficient. When they cannot significantly improve the prediction performance, they are not detrimental either. Besides, our synthetic data generator is significantly superior or perform similarly to its competitor in the SEE literature. Conclusion: our data generator plays a non-harmful if not significantly beneficial effect on the SEE methods investigated in this paper. Therefore, it is helpful in addressing the data scarcity problem of SEE.
SPCACF: Secured Privacy-Conserving Authentication Scheme using Cuckoo Filter in VANET

Providing security for vehicular communication is essential since the network is vulnerable to severe attacks.The message authentication between vehicles and pavement units are essential for the purpose of security. Messages that passed between the vehicles should be encrypted and verified before the vehicle nodes could be trusted. The original identity of nodes can only be traceable by authorized parties and should not be exposed at any cause. However authentication between vehicles during message transformation does not guarantees message authentication rate accurately. To address these issues, the SPCACF scheme is proposed which is based on software devoid of relying on any particular hardware. Binary search algorithm is added in partial with Cuckoo Filter to achieve higher accomplishment than the preceding schemes in the batch wise verification phase. In order to guarantee that it can assure message authentication constraint, existential enforceability of underlying signature against adaptively chosen-message attack is proved under the positive filter pool method.