Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intratumoral heterogeneity of HER2/neu expression and its consequences for the management of advanced breast cancer.

HER2/neu oncogene overexpression has become a paramount prognostic and predictive marker in invasive breast carcinoma [1]. Its expression is usually highly homogeneous in malignant tissue [2]. Some cases of intratumoral heterogeneity have, however, been reported [3] (Figure 1). The impact of this heterogeneity on the natural history of breast cancer and its consequences on clinical management are unknown. We report here three clinical cases illustrating the complexity of this topic. Case 1: A 58-year-old woman presented with node-negative, high-grade, hormone receptor (HR)-negative, invasive breast ductal carcinoma. HER2 overexpression was observed in only 30% of invasive tumor cells, with faint staining. She underwent breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy and anthracyclinebased chemotherapy. Two years later, she presented with liver metastases. Liver biopsy confirmed metastases from breast carcinoma. HER2 staining was moderately present in 95%–100% of tumor cells (Figure 2). FISH analysis showed HER2 gene amplification with eight spots per nucleus. Complete remission, as defined by RECIST criteria, was obtained with a capecitabine–trastuzumab combination. Case 2: A 50-year-old woman presented with homolateral axillary relapse of invasive ductal breast carcinoma. The same heterogeneous pattern of HER2 expression was observed in the primary tumor and axillary lymph node (Figure 1B). The patient was included in a clinical trial with docetaxel, trastuzumab and lapatinib and achieved a complete response. After 8 months of trastuzumab–lapatinib maintenance therapy, a new axillary relapse occurred. Biopsy demonstrated no overexpression of HER2. Case 3: A 55-year-old woman presented with node-positive, HR-positive, invasive breast ductal carcinoma treated by mastectomy, adjuvant adriamycin–cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy, radiation therapy and tamoxifen for 5 years. Initial HER2 status was unknown. At the age of 65, she presented with a chest wall relapse and bone metastases. Biopsy confirmed an HR-positive invasive relapse associated with
Because Time Matters: Temporal Coordination in Global Virtual Project Teams

In this study, we explore the nature of team interaction and the role of temporal coordination in asynchronously communicating global virtual project teams (GVPT). Drawing on Time, Interaction, and Performance (TIP) theory, we consider how and why virtual team behavior is temporally patterned in complex ways. We report on the results of an experiment consisting of 35 virtual project teams comprised of 175 members residing in the United States and Japan. Through content and cluster analysis, we identify distinct patterns of interaction and examine how these patterns are associated with differential levels of GVPT performance. We also explore the role of temporal coordination mechanisms as a means to synchronize temporal patterns in GVPTs. Ourresults suggest that successful enactment of temporal coordination mechanisms is associated with higher performance. However, we found that temporal coordination per se is not the driver of performance; rather,it is the influence of coordination on interaction behaviors that affects performance.
Sensitivity of strains of Serpulina hyodysenteriae isolated in Hungary to chemotherapeutic drugs

The sensitivity of 332 strains of Serpulina hyodysenteriae isolated in Hungary between 1978 and 1992 was tested against seven chemotherapeutic drugs frequently used for the treatment of swine dysentery, and the changes in the patterns of resistance were also monitored. All the strains remained sensitive to carbadox, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of only 0.05 to 0.40 μg/ml at present. The susceptibility of the strains to dimetridazole has gradually decreased, but about half of the strains are still sensitive, with large numbers of ‘moderately sensitive’ strains; the MIC values varied within wide limits (0.1 to 50 μg/ml). Most of the strains were resistant to tylosin, with MIC values from 0.1 to 100 μg/ml. The number of strains resistant to lincomycin has gradually increased, but about half of the strains remain sensitive; the MIC values ranged from 0.2 to 100 μg/ml. Recently, tiamulin has proved the most effective antibiotic, but some resistant strains have already emerged (MIC values 0.05 to 50 μg/ml). Monensin was good for the prevention of swine dysentery, but resistance may evolve quickly; the MIC values ranged from 0.4 to 25 μg/ml. For sedecamycin, the MIC values (6.25 to 100 μg/ml) were much higher than expected.
Whole genome expression profiling of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)- and adrenocorticotropin-dependent adrenal hyperplasias reveals novel targets for the study of GIP-dependent Cushing's syndrome.

CONTEXT The mechanisms responsible for the ectopic adrenal expression of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) in GIP-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS) are unknown. Chronic adrenal stimulation by ACTH in Cushing's disease or GIP in GIP-dependent ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia both lead to the induction of genes implicated in adrenal proliferation and steroidogenesis. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify genes differentially expressed specifically in GIP-dependent CS that could be implicated in the ectopic expression of GIPR. METHODS We used the Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 microarray oligochips to compare the whole genome expression profile of adrenal tissues from five cases of GIP-dependent bilateral ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with CS, one case of GIP-dependent unilateral adenoma with CS, five cases of ACTH-dependent hyperplasias, and a pool of adrenals from 62 normal individuals. RESULTS After data normalization and statistical filtering, 723 genes with differential expression were identified, including 461 genes or sequences with a known functional implication, classified in eight dominant functional classes. Specific findings include repression of perilipin, the overexpression of 13 G protein-coupled receptors, and the potential involvement of Rho-GTPases. We also isolated 94 probe sets potentially linked to the formation of GIP-dependent nodules adjacent to the diffuse hyperplasia. These included probe sets related to the linker histone H1 and repression of RXRa and CCND2. The expression profiles for eight genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. CONCLUSION This study identified an extensive series of potentially novel target candidate genes that could be implicated in the molecular mechanisms of ectopic expression of the GIPR as well as in the multistep progression of GIP-dependent CS.
Experimental infection of newly weaned pigs with human and porcine strains of Serpulina pilosicoli

Cultures of Serpulina pilosicoli 95/1000, isolated from a pig with porcine intestinal spirochetosis (PIS), and S. pilosicoli WesB, isolated from an Aboriginal child with diarrhea, were used to infect 5-week-old newly weaned pigs. Four of 12 pigs infected with strain 95/1000 and 2 of 12 pigs infected with strain WesB became colonized and developed watery, mucoid diarrhea within 2 to 11 days postinfection. Affected pigs all had moderate subacute mucosal colitis, with gross and histological changes similar to those previously reported in both natural and experimentally induced cases of PIS. Silver-stained histological sections of the colon and cecum from affected pigs demonstrated spirochetes within dilated intestinal crypts, where they were associated with neutrophilic exocytosis and mucus secretion. Sections from one pig infected with strain 95/1000 showed large numbers of spirochetes attached by one end to the colonic epithelium, a feature consistent with PIS. This study confirms the role of S. pilosicoli in the etiology of PIS and provides evidence that S. pilosicoli strains of human origin have pathogenic potential in an animal model.
A QoS-aware multicast routing protocol

The future Internet is expected to support multicast applications with quality of service (QoS) requirements. To facilitate this, QoS multicast routing protocols are pivotal in enabling new receivers to join a multicast group. However, current routing protocols are either too restrictive in their search for a feasible path between a new receiver and the multicast tree, or burden the network with excessive overhead. We propose QMRP, a new Qos-aware multicast routing protocol. QMRP achieves scalability by significantly reducing the communication overhead in constructing a multicast tree, yet it retains a high chance of success. This is achieved by switching between single-path routing and multiple-path routing according to the current network conditions. The high-level design of QMRP makes it operable on top of any unicast routing algorithm both intra-domain and inter-domain. Its responsiveness is improved by using a termination mechanism which detects the failure as well as the success of routing without the use of timeout. In addition, QMRP always constructs loop-free multicast trees.
Endoscopy-associated transmission of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-2 beta-lactamase.

Service de Bacteriologie-Virologie, INSERM U914: ‘Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics’, Hopital de Bicetre, Assistance PubliqueHopitaux de Paris, Universite Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France; Service d’Hepato-gastro-enterologie, Hopital de Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Universite Paris-Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France; Service de chirurgie digestive, Hopital de Bicetre, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Universite ParisSud, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
Capacity and throughput for transmission over flat fading channels employing SNR-priority-based channel allocation scheme

An adaptive SNR-priority-based channel allocation scheme over multiple access fading channel is proposed. The performance of this scheme is a compromise between the conventional TDMA scheme which has short channel access waiting time but poor spectral efficiency, and the best SNR user transmitting scheme which has better bandwidth efficiency but longer channel access waiting time. The capacity achieved by this scheme is studied and compared with the conventional rate adaptive TDMA systems. The operation of this scheme requires channel estimation which is performed at the frame period for all N mobiles. For the SNR-priority -based system, the frame period is divided into K slots and only K mobiles that observe the first K best channel conditions are assigned to transmit. By assuming that only best-effort traffic is served, the channel capacity and the system throughput of the SNR-priority-based TDMA system achieved with rate adaptive MQAM modulation technique are studied. The average channel inter-access time for such a system is also studied through simulation.
Investigating gait adjustments and body sway while walking across wooden scaffold boards

The flexible wooden boards are still being used on the scaffolds at some construction worksites in China. We examined if the board dimension, acclimation phase and construction work experience influence workers' walking strategies on these boards. Among the 40 construction workers recruited, half of them had more than 1 year of construction work experience. The participants' body sway and the gait adjustments were captured and analysed. Our analysis showed the width and thickness of the boards had significant effects on walking speed. There is a significant interaction between construction experience and board width on stride width, whereas the interaction between construction experience and acclimation phase affects step length and walking speed. The body sway at the C6/C7 and L5/S1 locations are significantly affected by most of the factors. We also found that once the participants acclimated to the board condition, the sway variability increased. Practitioner Summary: This study investigated gait and postural adjustments of workers with different construction experience while walking over wooden scaffold boards, which is one of the activities highly associated with falling accidents in China.
A lifetime with Phenylketonuria: Towards a better understanding of therapeutic targets

Dit proefschrift ‘A lifetime with Phenylketonuria. Towards a better understanding of therapeutic targets’ bevat de eerste bevindingen van het Nederlandse multicenter Phenylketonurie-COBESO onderzoek, uitgevoerd tussen 2012-2015. COBESO staat voor de cognitieve (COgnitive), gedrags- (BEhavioral) en sociale (SOcial) maten die onderzocht zijn in deze studie. 108 Patienten met phenylketonurie (PKU) uit zes universitair medische centra en 112 gezonde controles van verschillende leeftijden zijn geincludeerd. De doelstelling was het onderzoeken van cognitief functioneren, mentale gezondheid, sociaal cognitief functioneren en sociale vaardigheden bij vroeg en continu behandelde PKU patienten in relatie tot hun metabole controle (gemeten aan de hand van phenylalaninewaarden in het bloed), behandeling en behandelrichtlijnen. Cognitieve en internaliserende gedragsproblemen zijn met name gevonden bij volwassen PKU patienten. Adolescenten met PKU hadden ook problemen met sociale cognitie, maar deze problemen waren het meest uitgesproken bij volwassen patienten. Problemen op alle gebieden waren gerelateerd aan hoge phenylalaninewaarden tijdens verschillende levensfasen. Er zijn meerdere belangrijke bevindingen betreffende behandelrichtlijnen. Patienten met phenylalanine concentraties onder de 360 µmol/L in de kindertijd en boven de 360 µmol/L vanaf adolescentie hadden betere cognitieve uitkomsten in volwassenheid dan degenen met phenylalanine boven de 360 µmol/L gedurende hun leven. Phenylalanine in de kindertijd lijkt het meest belangrijk voor cognitieve en gedragsuitkomsten in volwassenheid. Verder lijkt een grotere toename van phenylalanine in de adolescentie ook belangrijk voor cognitieve uitkomsten in de volwassenheid. Bovendien, een phenylalanine level van 240 µmol/ L in de kindertijd is mogelijk een betere behandelrichtlijn voor beter cognitief functioneren vergeleken met de meest geadviseerde phenylalanine bovengrens van 360 µmol/L.
Validity and Reliability Benton visual-Retention test in brain-injured diagnosis of 8 to 10 years old children in Tehran

The objective of present study is to review the validity and reliability in brain-injured diagnosis of 8 to 10 years old children in Tehran. A group of one hundred elementary school students in second to fourth grade was adopted in a multi stage cluster sampling. The second group was 30 children who referred to neurology centers and was matched according to age, sex and academic grade and intelligence quotient (IQ) with normal children. For the study of test validity “two parallel forms” administration and “one from with two different” administration were applied. Accordingly the test was carried out for one hundred 8 to 10 years old (male and female) children. The validity coefficient for two parallel forms an immediate reconstruction administration was 0/74 and as delayed reconstruction administration was 0/69 while the validity coefficient for C from with two administrations was 0/80 and the validity coefficient for E from with two administrations was 0/83. For the collection of evidence relating to validity of groups differences, two independent means by using T-test and Ztest respectively and the evidence concerning convergent validity by using correlation coefficient with Bender-Gestalt test were applied. The results showed that in Benton Visual –Retention test the brain –injured children have discriminatory power with respect to normal children. Generally, the findings of the present study indicate that Benton Visual – Retention test may be used as a simple and valid test for assessment of brain – injured in 8 to 10 simple and valid test for assessment of brain-injured in 8 to 10 years old children of Tehran.
Tele-operation control system for non-homothetic master/slave kinematics for minimally-invasive surgery

The current objective of this robotics research study is mainly to develop a cheap and not cumbersome systems for special applications. A PROMIS (Pprime RObot for Minimally Invasive Surgery) system is designed with this philosophy. The developed system is composed of master, slave and control system for collaborative operation between the surgeon and the robot. A parallel robot haptic device is used as master to teleoperate a serial robot with three degrees of freedom (dof). The advantage of this method is the possibility of coupling master and slave with non-matching kinematics through a kinematic transformation. The developed control system architecture is presented in this paper. The control architecture was designed to control the teleoperation system where the master and slave robots do not have homothetic kinematics. Finally, the viability of the developed control is demonstrated by the experimental results.
Regulation of p53 - insights into a complex process

The p53 protein is one of the most important tumor suppressor proteins. Normally, the p53 protein is in a latent state. However, when its activity is required, e.g. upon DNA damage, nucleotide depletion or hypoxia, p53 becomes rapidly activated and initiates transcription of pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arrest-inducing target genes. The activity of p53 is regulated both by protein abundance and by post-translational modifications of pre-existing p53 molecules. In the 30 years of p53 research, a plethora of modifications and interaction partners that modulate p53’s abundance and activity have been identified and new ones are continuously discovered. This review will summarize our current knowledge on the regulation of p53 abundance and activity.
Is there a Student "Disconnect?" First-year Hybrid Class Teachers" Observations and Recommendations for Improving Student Engagement in Information Systems Classes

Research shows that during times of economic downturn in the United States, education funding suffers. One method that higher education administrators are choosing to ease the economic crunch is to offer hybrid classes that blend one regular face-to-face class meeting with online and outside class components. The challenge of managing large numbers of students in hybrid classes while fostering student engagement can be monumental for higher education teachers. This article presents a discussion of observations and recommendations from the writers‟ experiences as first-year hybrid class teachers within an information systems environment.
Aberrant expression of retinoid receptors and lung carcinogenesis.

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States for both women and men (1). The alarmingly low 5-year relative survival rate (<14%) for all patients, regardless of stage at diagnosis, is a grim indication of the shortcomings of the current therapeutic approaches. Therefore, new strategies for preventing and treating lung cancer are urgently needed. One promising approach is chemoprevention with natural and synthetic vitamin A analogues known as retinoids (2,3). The rationale for using retinoids for lung cancer prevention is based on their ability to regulate the growth and differentiation of aerodigestive tract epithelial cells (2) and to prevent lung carcinogenesis in animal models (4). Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of retinoids in suppressing oral high-risk noncancerous lesions and reducing second primary cancers in patients with prior head and neck or lung cancer (5). Retinoids exert most of their effects on cell growth and differentiation by regulating gene expression. This regulation is mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors that are members of the
Anwendungsszenarien als Werkzeug zur (V)Ermittlung des Nutzens von Corporate Social Software

Im vorliegenden Beitrag stellen wir Anwendungsszenarien als Grundlage zur Ermittlung des Nutzens von Corporate Social Software zur Diskussion. Zu diesem Zweck betrachten wir die Aneignung eines Social Networking Services im Kontext einer Fallstudie, in der wir die auf der Plattform stattfindende Kommunikation mit Hilfe einer Genreanalyse untersuchen. So entwickeln wir ein Verstandnis fur das „Phanomen Corporate Social Networking“, dessen Anwendungspotentiale, vor dem Hintergrund nur weniger bestehender Studien, bisher nur beschrankt untersucht wurden. Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass die Plattform vor allem zum Teilen von Informationen und zum Diskutieren genutzt wird, aber auch fur die Suche nach Unterstutzung und zur Vermarktung. Entlang dieser vier Kategorien von Anwendungsszenarien aus Nutzersicht diskutieren wir den Nutzen des Dienstes im vorliegenden Unternehmenskontext und demonstrieren dazu eine MultiLevel-Nutzenanalyse, die neben dem individuellen Nutzen auch den strukturellen Nutzen auf Netzwerkebene berucksichtigt.
"Sensory" and "motor" nystagmus: erroneous and misleading terminology based on misinterpretation of David Cogan's observations.

Most patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) 1 (formerly known as congenital nystagmus) exhibit nystagmus with several of the waveforms first identified in 1975. 2 The past 45 years of recording and analyzing nystagmus waveforms have repeatedly demonstrated that most INS waveforms result from the same deficit in one of the several ocular motor subsystems, specifically smooth pursuit. 3-6 This applies to all patients with INS whether they have associated visual sensory deficits, are familially predisposed to have INS (ie, there is a true genetic anomaly), or exhibit INS without an associated ocular or central nervous system deficit (so-called idiopathic). Despite this eye-movement data, textbooks in ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, and neurology as well as current peer-reviewed literature continue to use the terms sensory and motor nystagmus to describe the ocular oscillations of INS. Those descriptions imply not only that there are at least 2 different types of nystagmus but also that they have independent pathophysiology caused by different primary developmental deficits; both implications are unsupported by decades of ocular motor electrophysiological data. The adoption of this terminology and its presumed ability to clinically differentiate pendular from jerk waveforms are responsible for the misdiagnosis of many cases of INS. Ocular motor recordings demonstrate that owing to the complexity of INS waveforms, clinical differentiation is impossible in many patients. These recordings also show that another type of nystagmus of infancy, fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome (formerly known as latent/manifest latent nystagmus), cannot be differentiated from INS with a latent component; Alfred Kestenbaum, MD, first noted the existence of these 2 clinically similar types of nystagmus in his 1946 textbook and its expanded 1961 second edition.
Use of public mental health services by Russian refugees.

OBJECTIVES This study identifies the demographic characteristics and patterns of mental health service use among Russian refugees in New York State. METHODS Data from a 1995 statewide survey of characteristics of patients served by the New York State mental health system were analyzed using chi square statistics and logistic regression. RESULTS The demographic characteristics and service-use patterns of Russian refugees are different from those of non-Russian refugees and non-refugees. Russian refugees who used mental health services were likely to be older women with major depression who were enrolled in Medicaid and who were using those services for the first time. Relying heavily on themselves, family members, or friends as referral sources, they tended to use exclusively individual, outpatient services at voluntary, nonprofit agencies. CONCLUSIONS Existing services systems must recognize the presence of Russian refugees. To improve access and service use, outreach efforts to the refugee community should be conducted, and services must be tailored to meet their mental health needs.