Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Components and Contents of Soluble Sugars in Pear Fruits from Different Species

【Objective】The characteristics of components and contents of soluble sugars in 98 cultivars of pear fruit were determined to reveal the differences and characteristics among different cultivars and species. 【Method】The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to detect the components and content of soluble sugar in mature pear fruits,and the data were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCs) and cluster analysis. 【Result】(1) The major components of soluble sugars in mature pear fruits were fructose,glucose,sucrose and sorbitol,and the fructose content was the highest value,with a mean of 51.17 mg·g -1 FW.The contents of fructose and glucose were relatively stable among different cultivars,while the contents of sucrose and sorbitol varied greatly,the value ranged from 1.14-47.75 mg·g -1 FW and 4.46-47.29 mg·g -1 FW,respectively. (2) Among different species,the content of fructose was also the highest one,which accounted for 42.22%-57.02%of the value of total sugars,while the other three compoents of soluble sugars were highly different.The content of glucose was close to sorbitol in both P.bretschnrideriRehd. and P.sinkiangensis Yu. ,and sucrose content was the lowest;the contents of fructose and sucrose were equal in both P. communis Linn.and P.ussuriensis Msxim. ,however,the sorbitol content was high in P.communis Linn. ,and P.ussuriensis Msxim. in reverse;the content of sucrose was equal to sorbitol in P.pyrifolia Burm Nakai. ,and the glucose content was the lowest. (3) The distributive characteristics of soluble sugars in different species:P.bretschnrideri Rehd.mainly distributed in the high glucose and sorbitol area;P.pyrifolia Burm Nakai.mainly distributed in the high sucrose and sorbitol area;P.communis Linn.mainly distributed in high fructose and sorbitol area;P.ussuriensis Msxim.were mainly distributed in the high glucose and sucrose area;P. sinkiangensis Yu.mainly distributed in the high fructose and glucose area. 【Conclusion】The major components of soluble sugars in pear fruits were fructose,glucose,sucrose and sorbitol,and the content of fructose was the highest one.The content of fructose and glucose kept stable among difference cultivars,while the content of sucrose and sorbitol showed high variability.Comparing different species,the content of fructose kept the highest value,while the other three components differ each other greatly.Based on the distribution of soluble sugars,P.bretschnrideri Rehd.classified as high glucose and sorbitol type,P.pyrifolia Burm Nakai. classified as high sucrose and sorbitol type,P.communis Linn.classified as high fructose and sorbitol type,P.ussuriensis Msxim. classified as high glucose and sucrose type,P.sinkiangensis Yuclassified as high fructose and glucose type.
Circadian rhythm disruption: health consequences

Circadian rhythms control many facets of biology and their disruption can be associated with severe pathological conditions. In healthy individuals, disturbances to the sleep-wake cycle can be the root cause of many problems. In the present review, we explore the major factors contributing to circadian rhythm disruption, including sleep disorders, jet lag, and shift work. The consequences of these disruptions on central and peripheral clocks and the important areas of the body controlled by them involve immune function and metabolism, as well as alterations in cognitive abilities, thereby impairing social and occupational behavior. Further work exploring clock genes, light exposure, and cellular changes will be critical for identifying how these factors interact to affect health and behavior.
A preliminary study on avian ecology in mangrove wetland of Qinglangang, Hainan

This paper reported the results of avian survey in mangrove wetland of Qinglangang. Fifty two species of birds were recorded, belonging to 19 families, nine orders. Of them, 23 species were migratory birds, 29 resident birds; 31 were waterbirds and 21 terrestrial birds. Three species were listed as national second_class protected birds, 17 species listed in the Sino_Japan Migratory Birds Protection Agreement , 18 species lised in Sino_Australia Migratory Birds Protection Agreement . Number of birds varied with seasons. The number of bird species as a whole and waterbird species were the most in winter and the least in summer. The annual trend of species number was exhibited in this order: winterautumnspringsummer. Migratory birds affected the annual fluctuation of bird species. The composition and number of birds varied with food condition and area of habitats. This paper also discussed the status of avian diversity in Qinglangang Reserve.
Contact tracing efficiency, transmission heterogeneity, and accelerating COVID-19 epidemics

Simultaneously controlling COVID-19 epidemics and limiting economic and societal impacts presents a difficult challenge, especially with limited public health budgets. Testing, contact tracing, and isolating/quarantining is a key strategy that has been used to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. However, manual contact tracing is a time-consuming process and as case numbers increase it takes longer to reach each cases' contacts, leading to additional virus spread. Delays between symptom onset and being tested (and receiving results), and a low fraction of symptomatic cases being tested can also reduce the impact of contact tracing on transmission. We examined the relationship between cases, delays, and participation and the pathogen reproductive number Rt. We also examined implications for infection dynamics using a stochastic compartment model of SARS-CoV-2. We found that Rt increases sigmoidally with the number of cases due to decreasing contact tracing efficacy. This relationship results in accelerating epidemics because Rt increases, rather than declines, as infections increase. Shifting contact tracers from locations with high and low case burdens relative to capacity to locations with intermediate case burdens maximizes their impact in reducing Rt (but minimizing total infections is more complicated). We also found that contact tracing quickly becomes ineffective in reducing Rt with increasing delays between symptom onset and tracing and with lower fraction of symptomatic infections being tested. Finally, we found that when cases are low, testing and tracing reductions in Rt can sometimes greatly delay epidemics due to the highly heterogeneous transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, in which a small fraction of infections often give rise to most of transmission. These results demonstrate the importance of having an expandable or mobile team of contact tracers that can be used to control surges in cases. They also emphasize the value of easy access, high testing capacity and rapid turn-around of testing results, as well as outreach efforts to encourage symptomatic infections to be tested immediately after symptom onset. An efficient and adaptive public health capacity strategy can allow for increased economic activity and should be employed in the current and future pandemics.
Study of berberine on the 125I particle in radiosensitization and its effects of angiogenesis on nude mice hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective To investigate berberine on the 125I particle in radiosensitization and its effects of angiogenesis on hepatocellular carcinoma nude mice. Methods We successfully established model of liver cancer on 24 BALB/c female nude mice, and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6): Group A, nude mice was given implantation of blank particles and daily intragastric administration of NS; Group B, nude mice was given implantation of a blank particles and 45 mg·kg-1/d orally berberine solution; Group C, nude mice was given 125I implantation of a particle (0.8 mCi) according to TPS; Group D, nude mice was given 125I implantation of a particle (0.8 mCi) according to TPS and 45 mg·kg-1/d orally berberine solution; The size of tumors were measured every 4 days and also the sensitivity coefficient were calculated. The expression of VEGF and MVD in different group was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of VEGF and MVD apparently decreased in the 125I particles combined with berberine group(P0.05) compared with the other groups by immunohistochemistry,and the EF of berberine was 1.84. Conclusions Berberine has definite activity to enhancing the tumor radiosesitivity and the study indicate that berberine exert the effect by inhibiting the expression of VEGF and MVD.
Vitellin and Egg-Specific Protein as Metal-Binding Proteins of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

The egg of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is characterized by a high accumulation of zinc. To determine whether some metals including zinc are present in conjugate form with yolk proteins, we measured the content of the major six metals (Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn) in the three yolk proteins, 30 kDa proteins, vitellin and egg-specific protein of the silkworm, Bombyx mori by an atomic absorption/flame spectrometry. The yolk proteins were purified from mature silkworm eggs by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. No metals were found in the purified 30 kDa proteins, whereas vitellin contained Zn, Ca, and Mg in a molar ratio of 2 to 3, and in addition to these metals Cu was found in the egg-specific protein. Zinc content in vitellin and egg-specific protein increased by incubation with ZnCl2 and decreased markedly by treatment with a zinc-chelating a ent, 1,10-phenanthroline. A rough estimation revealed that half of the amount of zinc in an egg was localized in vitellin and egg-specific protein. The remaining amount of zinc was assumed to occur in a free form in eggs, because in the zinc-staining experiment no positive bands of proteins other than vitellin and egg-specific protein was revealed. Thus it is assumed that vitellin and egg-specific protein are the major zinc-binding proteins in the eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Study on differentially expressed genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by cDNA microarray

Objective: To screen for the differentially expressed genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal laryngeal tissue using cDNA microarray. Methods: The PCR products of 4 096 genes were spotted on a chemical material coated glass plates in array. The DNAs were then fixed on the glass plate by a serial of treatments. The total RNAs were isolated from the tissues, and then were purified to mRNAs by Oligotex. Both the mRNAs from the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and normal tissue were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporations of fluorescent dUTP, for preparing the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were then hybridized to the cDNA microarray. After high stringent washing, the cDNA microarray was scanned for the fluorescent signals and showed the differences between 2 tissues. Results: Among the 4 096 target genes, there were 36(0.88%) genes whose expression levels differed between the carcinoma and normal tissues in all 4 cases. Bioinformatical analysis of those genes had been performed. Conclusion: DNA microarray technology is an effective technique in screening for differentially expressed genes between 2 different kinds of tissue. Further analysis of the obtained genes will help to understand the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma. [
Rearing codling moth for the sterile insect technique.

The codling moth Cydia pomonella is amongst the most severe pests of pome fruit in the temperate regions of the world. Broad-spectrum insecticides have mainly been used to control this pest resulting in several negative environmental consequences. The demand for alternative control techniques is therefore increasing worldwide, and includes synthetic growth regulators, mating disruption, attract and kill, microbiological control agents, and the sterile insect technique (SIT). The integration of sterile insects with these control practices within the context of area-wide integrated pest management offers great potential. However, efficient and effective mass-rearing of the target insect is a fundamental component of the SIT but its complexity for Lepidopteran pests is very often underestimated. There has been an increasing interest to develop codling moth SIT for integration with other control tactics over the past years. This document compiles and summarizes available information on the rearing of the codling moth in relation to the SIT. Aspects such as colonization, adult and larval diet, sexing, quality control, shipment, disease control, data recording and management are described. It is not a text book but is developed so that individual sections can be consulted by the reader when necessary. The document therefore, does not provide guidelines per se, nor is it a compendium of standard operating procedures, as these will need to be developed for each rearing facility based upon local needs and availability of materials and ingredients. The document is an attempt to bring together all existing information on the rearing of codling moth.
Phenotypic plasticity in response to the heterogeneous water supply in the rhizomatous grass species, Calamagrostis epigejos in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China

Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. is a perennial grass with slender and long rhizome segments between interconnected neighbor ramets. To investigate the phenotypic plasticity in response to the heterogeneous soil water supply, ramet pairs of the species were subjected to heterogeneous water supply by which either mother ramets or daughter ramets were in high or low soil water supply, respectively, in the Maowusu (Mu Us) Sandy Land of Nei Mongol. The results showed that the phenotypic characteristics of the individual ramets of C epigejos were greatly influenced by the heterogeneous water supply. The ramets treated with high water supply significantly produced more new rhizomes and more offspring (ramets), and accumulated more shoot biomass, and allocated more biomass to their shoots than those treated with low water supply. In comparison with the daughter ramets in homogeneous soil water supply, phenotypic characteristics, in terms of new rhizome growth, the production of new offspring, and the biomass allocation pattern, of the daughter ramets within the pairs of the species were not significantly changed, no matter that high or low soil water supply to mother ramets. The phenotypic responses of mother ramets to soil water supply were similar to those of daughter ramets. From these results, it is inferred that the interconnected ramets of C epigejos response phenotypically to their local soil water rather than to the soil water experienced by the interconnected ramets. The interconnected ramets of C epigejos might be independent of each other in water relationship, although they are physically interconnected with rhizome segments. The physiological independence of interconnected ramets might facilitate the risk spreading and thus enhance the genet survivorship under the frequent drought stresses in Mu Us Sandland.
Development of intermonoploid somatic hybrids of potato and their molecular analysis based on polymorphism for retroelement Tst1

Inbred lines for hybrid crop production have been a mainstay of plant breeding. Biotechnological approaches to hasten the process are available including anther culture to halve the genome and protoplast fusion to create hybrids between incompatible partners. We applied these techniques to potato to evaluate their potential for breeding highly heterozygous, cross-pollinating species. Four families of monoploids (2n=1x=12), developed from diploid hybrids with diverse genomic constitutions but heavily favoring Solanum phureja, a primitive cultivated potato, were used in electrofusion experiments to create intermonoploid somatic hybrids (SH). The “monoploid sieve” results in the survival of only those gametes free of lethal and deleterious genes but generates sterile sporophytes, necessitating protoplast fusion for SH development. From six intermonoploid electrofusion combinations, 276 plants were regenerated over 6-9 months. Fusion conditions were optimized. Ploidy was determined by flow-cytometry and SH confirmed by microsatellite analysis. Field evaluations over three years revealed that intermonoploid SH were inferior to cultivars. Dihaploids derived by anther culture of a tetraploid intermonoploid SH were reduced in vigor with an increase in homozygosity, while 2x X 2x sexually derived populations had better yield than the SH, suggesting that producing SH introduced or eliminated factors required for productivity. Molecular analysis of the SH was conducted to examine genomic stability through protoplast isolation and plant regeneration. Sequence specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP) represents a hybrid system incorporating amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology in conjunction with the use of a defined genomic sequence, e.g., retrotransposon display (RD) when the defined sequence is anchored into a consensus sequence of a retrotransposon such as the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence of Tst1. Parental monoploids, SH and various Solanaceae were evaluated by
RACGP TRAINING REGISTRAR PERCEPTIONS AND REPORTED PRACTICE IN THE AREA OF PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING

Background: Currently in Australia, the NH & MRC and RACGP advocate that no widespread prostate cancer screening should be undertaken. However GP practice reveals increasing use of the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test as a screening tool. Objective: To examine the perceptions, knowledge and reported practice of prostate cancer screening by RACGP training registrars. Methods: A mail survey questionnaire of all Victorian training registrars, enhanced by interviews of a group of Advanced GP Registrars during a release weekend. Results: The response rate to the questionnaire was 74% (n = 205). Registrars knew little about the accuracy of the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test (47%) and Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) (52%), and Prostate screening guidelines (35%). Registrars generally believed prostate screening should be done every year or on patient request for patients over the age of 50 years. However, when asked what they actually do, 73% of respondents would not perform a PSA test for a 55 year old male general check-up. Over 50% were not familiar with any of the Australian guidelines for prostate cancer screening. Registrars in their advanced training terms had higher use and awareness of prostate guidelines (P = 0.003). Qualitative examination highlighted the importance of training supervisors, peer learning and study groups in their clinical decision-making. On-line learning and electronic decision support (EDS) systems are seen as potential modalities for increased awareness of prostate cancer screening issues. Conclusion: The study reveals poor knowledge of prostate cancer screening and accuracy of the PSA test and DRE. However, the reported practice of GP Registrars is consistent with the current NH & MRC and RACGP guidelines. Multiple learning styles improve awareness of guidelines and promote effective clinical decision-making. Increased use of health informatics may provide further improvements in awareness of guidelines.
Supplementation dietary arginine expression altered of IGF receptors and IGFs in weaning piglets

Young piglets have a high requirement of arginine for growth and metabolic function, but the sow milk or endogenous synthesis cannot provide enough arginine for maximal growth. Dietary Arginine supplementation can improve the immunity of early-weaned piglets and enhance the skeletal muscle synthesis for growth. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is an important regulatory factor in regulating fetal and placental growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and aggregation, and inhibits apoptosis of mammalian cells. However, how the insulin-like growth factor system expression altered in piglets with dietary arginine supplementation, and whether arginine plays a role in IGF system secretion is little noticed. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary arginine supplementation in modulation IGF system of weanling piglets. Twelve 21-day-old healthy piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire) with a mean body weight (BW) were assigned randomly to two treatments representing diets supplemented with 0.6% L-arginine and 1.23% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control). At 28 days of age, 12 piglets were killed and longissimus muscle, liver and kidney were collected. Components of IGF signaling pathway mRNA expression were examined in three tissues, IGF1 was increased in three tissues of arginine group (P<0.05). IGF2 was increased in muscle of arginine group. Both muscle and liver had a higher level of IGFBP5 with arginine supplementation (P<0.05). These data suggest an important role of arginine in modulation of IGF signal pathway and the involvement of IGF and IGF receptors in the improved growth performance.
A Node Deployment Model with Variable Transmission Distance for Wireless Sensor Networks

The deployment of network nodes is essential to ensure the wireless sensor network's regular operation and affects the multiple network performance metrics, such as connectivity, coverage, lifetime, and cost. This paper focuses on the problem of minimizing network costs while meeting network requirements, and proposes a corona-based deployment method by using the variable transmission distance sensor. Based on the analysis of node energy consumption and network cost, an optimization model to minimize Cost Per Unit Area is given. The transmission distances and initial energy of the sensors are obtained by solving the model. The optimization model is improved to ensure the energy consumption balance of nodes in the same corona. Based on these parameters, the process of network node deployment is given. Deploying the network through this method will greatly reduce network costs.
Atomic Precision Processing of New Materials for Frontier Microelectronic Applications in High Performance Computing and Artificial Intelligence

This document is a joint response by scientists from the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center and Applied Materials, Inc. to the DOE Office of Science (DOE-SC) Request for Information: Basic Research Initiative for Microelectronics (this https URL). Specifically, we propose DOE-SC to include the following topics in their consideration for future solicitations on Microelectronics: 1) The development of a real-time monitoring and in-situ diagnostic techniques that can provide information on plasma, substrate surface, and interaction between both during atomic precision processing of complex materials for the most advanced microelectronic devices with applications to high performance computing and artificial intelligence, and 2) The development of experimentally validated modeling tools to predict processing dynamics including plasma, chemical and material processes involved.
Generalization on the Enhancement of Layerwise Relevance Interpretability of Deep Neural Network

The practical application of deep neural networks are still limited by their lack of transparency. One of the efforts to provide explanation for decisions made by artificial intelligence (AI) is the use of saliency or heat maps highlighting relevant regions that contribute significantly to its prediction. A layer-wise amplitude filtering method was previously introduced to improve the quality of heatmaps, performing error corrections by noise-spike suppression. In this study, we generalize the layerwise error correction by considering any identifiable error and assuming there exists a groundtruth interpretable information. The forms of errors propagated through layerwise relevance methods are studied and we propose a filtering technique for interpretability signal rectification taylored to the trend of signal amplitude of the particular neural network used. Finally, we put forth arguments for the use of groundtruth interpretable information.