Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective synergistic effect of Al2O3 and SiC microparticles on the growth of carbon nanotubes and their application in high dielectric permittivity polymer composites

Owing to their excellent intrinsic properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used to reinforce polymer composites. However, CNT aggregation, the poor CNT/matrix nanoscale interface and increased viscosity are perplexing issues limiting the applications of CNTs in polymer composites. A potential solution to achieve high dispersion states relies upon the concept of micro/nanoscale structures. Previous studies have reported a new generation of composites based on the hybridization of CNTs with ceramic microparticles, providing outstanding properties when used as fillers in polymer composites. Nevertheless, opportunities still exist to improve the performances of these composites further by mixing different types of CNT–ceramic hybrids in properly adjusted proportions. This work focuses on the growth of CNTs on different mixtures of alumina microspheres and silicon carbide microplatelets by floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Not only do the poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites prepared with the as-synthesized hybrid mixtures exhibit significant improvement of the dielectric properties than those reinforced with either component alone, but also the CVD process yields an abnormally high CNT mass yield when the two types of ceramic particles are simultaneously used as a substrate for the growth. The underlying mechanisms regarding both the CNT growth and the dielectric behaviour of the polymer composites were thoroughly investigated and discussed.
A comparative study of azo dye decolorization by electro-Fenton in two common electrolytes

BACKGROUND: This study compared the decolorization behaviors of a model azo dye of methyl red in Na2SO4 and NaCl media by electro-Fenton process, in which FeSO4 was added into the solution, while H2O2 was efficiently generated on a graphite–polytetrafluoroethylene cathode. Parameters such as pH, cathodic potential, electrolyte concentration, and initial dye concentration as well as the treatment time were investigated to disclose different decolorization behaviour. RESULTS: Decolorization in NaCl medium had an advantage over that in Na2SO4 medium not only in performance but also in its suitability for application, which seemed less sensitive to variations in parameters and thus broadened the optimal performance range. In NaCl medium, indirect oxidation by active chlorine contributed greatly to the decolorization, and the removal of methyl red obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetics. CONCLUSION: Electro-Fenton oxidation in the present system in the presence of NaCl would is a promising procedure for azo dye waste-water treatment. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
A Comparative Study of the Composition of the Leaf Oils of Three Litsea species from Borneo

Abstract The chemical components of the leaf oils of Litsea resinosa Bl. , L. gracilipes Hook. f. and L. paludosa Koesterm. were identified by co-chromatography with authentic samples on two capillary columns of different polarity, GC/MS and linear retention indices. The leaf oils were made up mainly of sesquiterpenoids. The oil of L. resinosa could be differentiated from the other samples due to its high contents of bulnesol (14.9%), β-caryophyllene (10.2%), β-elemene (10.2%) and other sesquiterpenoids. Ledene (9.0%) and aromadendrene (8.3%) were the major constituents in the leaf oil of L. gracilipes. Of the Litsea oils studied, this oil contained the highest concentrations of monoterpenoids with p-menth-1-en-9-ol (1.4%) as the major representative. The leaf oil of L. paludosa was found to possess some compositional similarities to the leaf oil of L. gracilipes but it could be distinguished from the latter by the significant presence of elemol (7.7%), γ-cadinene (2.9%), γ-eudesmol (2.8%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (2.3%), α-cadinene (2.1%), palustrol (1.7%) and selina-3,7(11)-diene (1.1%).
FreeHand Sketch-based Authenticated Security System using Levenshtein Distance and Coordinates-Similarity

— In this paper, a FreeHand Sketch-based Authentication Security strategy is proposed for authentication purposes by allowing a user to sketch seven similar images of his/her own choice for registration and the sketched image gets preprocessed using threshold with Gaussian mixture and executed with Levenshtein Distance algorithm and Coordinates-Similarity method to check the similarity of seven sketched images and if all the images are similar then they will store in System Database. The user gets login with his/her authorized details with sketch based image password. The image password gets processed using threshold again with Gaussian mixture and executed with Levenshtein Distance algorithm and Coordinates-Similarity method to compare with the registered image passwords in System Data Base for authentication. The methodology is tested with some sample input image passwords and the performance evaluation is carried out using metrics like Recall and Precision. The proposed work exhibits the accuracy of approximately 85% by ensuring the authentication for the user security.
Devaluation of Unchosen Options: A Bayesian Account of the Provenance and Maintenance of Overly Optimistic Expectations

Humans frequently overestimate the likelihood of desirable events while underestimating the likelihood of undesirable ones: a phenomenon known as unrealistic optimism. Previously, it was suggested that unrealistic optimism arises from asymmetric belief updating, with a relatively reduced coding of undesirable information. Prior studies have shown that a reinforcement learning (RL) model with asymmetric learning rates (greater for a positive prediction error than a negative prediction error) could account for unrealistic optimism in a bandit task, in particular the tendency of human subjects to persistently choosing a single option when there are multiple equally good options. Here, we propose an alternative explanation of such persistent behavior, by modeling human behavior using a Bayesian hidden Markov model, the Dynamic Belief Model (DBM). We find that DBM captures human choice behavior better than the previously proposed asymmetric RL model. Whereas asymmetric RL attains a measure of optimism by giving better-than-expected outcomes higher learning weights compared to worse-than-expected outcomes, DBM does so by progressively devaluing the unchosen options, thus placing a greater emphasis on choice history independent of reward outcome (e.g. an oft-chosen option might continue to be preferred even if it has not been particularly rewarding), which has broadly been shown to underlie sequential effects in a variety of behavioral settings. Moreover, previous work showed that the devaluation of unchosen options in DBM helps to compensate for a default assumption of environmental non-stationarity, thus allowing the decision-maker to both be more adaptive in changing environments and still obtain near-optimal performance in stationary environments. Thus, the current work suggests both a novel rationale and mechanism for persistent behavior in bandit tasks.
Co-Crystals of the Anti-HIV Drugs Lamivudine and Zidovudine

Co-crystal forming abilities of the two anti-HIV drugs lamivudine and zidovudine were studied. A study of five crystal structures was carried out to investigate the general applicability of the retrosynthetic approach in the design of new co-crystals. This analysis of co-crystals and salt structures showed a complete to partial success, and in one case, a total failure to obtain the predicted synthon. Both screening strategies and retrosynthetic methods may be appropriate for the discovery of new active pharmaceutical ingredients co-crystals.
Metal-ion speciation in blood plasma as a tool for elucidating the in vivo behaviour of radiopharmaceuticals containing 153Sm and 166Ho

In order to elucidate the in vivo behaviour of SmIII and HoIII, complex-formation constants for a range of blood plasma metal ions as well as these with the octaanion ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (edtmp) have been measured at 37 °C and l= 150 mmol dm–3. The speciation in the absence and presence of edtmp and/or transferrin was calculated by the program ECCLES and is used to explain the apparently anomalous discrepancies in the uptake of the two metals by bone in a baboon model. The computer results predicted the mobilisation of ZnII and, when tested clinically, it was found that edtmp indeed removes this ion from blood plasma.
Nanoscale Morphology of Conjugated Polymer/Fullerene‐Based Bulk‐ Heterojunction Solar Cells

The relation between the nanoscale morphology and associated device properties in conjugated polymer/fullerene bulk‐heterojunction “plastic solar cells” is investigated. We perform complementary measurements on solid‐state blends of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3,7‐dimethyloctyloxy)]‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene (MDMO‐PPV) and the soluble fullerene C60 derivative 1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl) propyl‐1‐phenyl [6,6]C61 (PCBM), spin‐cast from either toluene or chlorobenzene solutions. The characterization of the nanomorphology is carried out via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while solar‐cell devices were characterized by means of current–voltage (I–V) and spectral photocurrent measurements. In addition, the morphology is manipulated via annealing, to increase the extent of phase separation in the thin‐film blends and to identify the distribution of materials. Photoluminescence measurements confirm the demixing of the materials under thermal treatment. Furthermore the photoluminescence of PCBM clusters with sizes of up to a few hundred nanometers indicates a photocurrent loss in films of the coarser phase‐separated blends cast from toluene. For toluene‐cast films the scale of phase separation depends strongly on the ratio of MDMO‐PPV to PCBM, as well as on the total concentration of the casting solution. Finally we observe small beads of 20–30 nm diameter, attributed to MDMO‐PPV, in blend films cast from both toluene and chlorobenzene.
Concentrated gelatin/alginate composites for fabrication of predesigned scaffolds with a favorable cell response by 3D plotting

In the present work, gelatin/alginate and gelatin/alginate/hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite scaffolds were fabricated by 3D plotting based on high concentration gelatin/alginate pastes. At temperatures of 37 °C or above, the developed pastes could be easily processed into designed 3D structures; sequential crosslinking with Ca2+ ions (effective for alginate) and the carbodiimide EDC (effective for gelatin) resulted in stable scaffolds. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the plotted composite scaffolds had a significantly higher strength and modulus compared to most reported gelatin scaffolds prepared by conventional methods. Cell experiments with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) revealed that the gelatin/alginate composite scaffolds favor cell adhesion and support proliferation. Furthermore, the cells showed a homogeneous distribution and excellent migration in the inner regions of the plotted composite scaffolds over 21 days. In conclusion, gelatin/alginate scaffolds, with or without HAP, fabricated by 3D plotting according to a predesigned CAD-model might be potential candidates for the repair of bony and chondral defects, especially in complex defect situations affecting the osteochondral tissue interface since biphasic scaffolds with a stable connection of the two parts can be easily fabricated by multi-channel 3D plotting.
Why did Nature need Quantum Mechanics at all?

It is instrumental interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Why this new interpretation is needed? Because all known interpretations only describe how Quantum Mechanics works, so that one can be able to apply equations, but do not answer the question: “why did nature need Quantum Mechanics at all? ” ∗Electronic address: eestidima@gmail.com
Cooperation between Active Material, Polymeric Binder and Conductive Carbon Additive in Lithium Ion Battery Cathode

A lithium ion battery electrode is a composite of active material, polymeric binder, and conductive carbon additive(s). Cooperation among the different components plays a subtle and important role in determining the physical and electrochemical properties of the electrode. In this study, the physical and electrochemical properties of a LiNi0.8Co0. 15Al0.05O2 cathode were investigated as a function of the electrode compositions. The electrode conductivity, porosity, specific capacity, first Coulombic efficiency, and rate capability were found significantly affected by the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-to-acetylene black (AB) ratio and the total inactive material amount. The electronic conductivity of the laminate does not so much decide the rate performance of the electrode as it is generally believed. The rate capability of the electrode is enhanced by an increase in the total inactive material content at a PVDF/AB ratio of 5:4, whereas it is deteriorated by increasing the total inactive material conten.
Synthesis and multinuclear NMR study of (E)‐s‐trans ‐1‐acetyl‐5‐aryl‐3‐styryl‐2‐pyrazolines

The reaction of triarylideneacetylacetones with hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid affords an excellent yield of (E)‐s‐trans‐1‐acetyl‐5‐aryl‐3‐styryl‐2‐pyrazolines via decinnamoylation. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1H, 13C and two‐dimensional NMR techniques such as H,H‐COSY, C,H‐COSY, NOESY and HMBC. 15N NMR data for these compounds were also obtained and the results are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED  The Kalman filter for the pedologist’s tool kit

The Kalman filter is a tool designed primarily to estimate the values of the ‘state’ of a dynamic system in time. There are two main equations. These are the state equation, which describes the behaviour of the state over time, and the measurement equation, which describes at what times and in what manner the state is observed. For the discrete Kalman filter, discussed in this paper, the state equation is a stochastic difference equation that incorporates a random component for noise in the system and that may include external forcing. The measurement equation is defined such that it can handle indirect measurements, gaps in the sequence of measurements and measurement errors. The Kalman filter operates recursively to predict forwards one step at a time the state of the system from the previously predicted state and the next measurement. Its predictions are optimal in the sense that they have minimum variance among all unbiased predictors, and in this respect the filter behaves like kriging. The equations can also be applied in reverse order to estimate the state variable at all time points from a complete series of measurements, including past, present and future measurements. This process is known as smoothing.
Prediction of the Bivariate Molecular Weight - Long Chain Branching Distribution in Highly Branched Polymerization Systems Using Monte Carlo and Sectional Grid Methods

In the present work, an efficient Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm and a two-dimensional fixed pivot technique (FPT) are described for the calculation of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) for linear polymers (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA) and the bivariate molecular weight−long chain branching distribution (MW−LCBD) for highly branched polymers (e.g., poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc), produced in chemically initiated free-radical batch polymerization systems. The validity of the numerical calculations is first examined via a direct comparison of simulation results obtained by both methods with experimental data on monomer conversion and MWD for the free-radical MMA polymerization. Subsequently, the developed FPT and MC numerical algorithms are applied to a highly branched polymerization system (i.e., VAc). Simulation results are directly compared with available experimental measurements on Mn, Mw and Bn. Additional comparisons between the MC and the FP numerical methods are carried out under different .
Growth and Properties of Electrodeposited ZnSe-Fe and ZnSe-Co Granular Films

The growth process as well as optical and magnetic properties of the ZnSe-Fe and ZnSe-Co granular films deposited electro-chemically have been investigated. We demonstrate that the ferromagnetic nanoscaled particles with multidomain structure are embedded in a ZnSe matrix with a polycrystalline structure exhibiting semiconductor behavior at room temperature.
A new clerodane diterpene from Teucrium polium L.

The structure of a clerodane-6,7-dione (2), isolated from Teucrium polium L. , has been established, and related to that of the corresponding 7-hydroxy-6-ketone picropolin (3). The stereostructures of (2) and (3) are tentatively assigned.
Reduction of dieldrin concentration in cucumber fruits using Cucurbita rootstocks and activated carbon

Dieldrin uptake by cucumber fruits was examined using a variety of cucumber scions and squash rootstocks. The effect of activated carbon on reducing uptake was also determined. Three varieties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; Sharp 1, Natsusuzumi and Nankyoku 2) and three varieties of squash (Cucurbita spp.; Kirameki, Yuyuikki-black and Shintosa) were used. There was no significant difference in dieldrin uptake between cucumber scion varieties. The order of uptake between the varieties of rootstock was Shintosa > Yuyuikki-black > Kirameki = self-rooted plants. In the case of Shintosa, a change to Kirameki or self-rooted plants reduced the dieldrin concentration to 53–34%, treatment of soil with activated carbon to 57%, and the combination of changing the rootstock to Kirameki with activated carbon to 16%. In the case of Kirameki, treatment of soil with activated carbon reduced the dieldrin concentration in cucumber fruits to 42%. In the case of self-rooted plants, a change to grafting culture with Kirameki rootstock and treatment of soil with activated carbon was effective in reducing dieldrin concentration.
Performance Evaluation Of Intrusion Detection System Using ML Techniques

: While the Internet has brought consumers convenience, other security problems exist. Threats to the network occur frequently. Intrusion detection technology is critical in practical terms and is also a serious threat to network security. Usually, intrusion detection systems are used for monitoring networks to prevent threats or intrusions and to notify network engineers of invasions for corrective actions. This article outlines a signature-based intrusion detection program that detects network packets and compares them to a list of names or even characteristics of known threats. This paper performed and validated many experiments for analyzing different classifications in machine learning based on the intrusion data set KDD. Several performance metrics have been correctly calculated for the chosen classifiers. False-negative and false-positive performance metrics were also illuminated to increase the rate of intrusion detection system identification. The tests conducted showed the lowest value of false negatives in the decision table ranking, whereas the random forest level reached a higher average precision.
The Influence Of Social Media On Consumer Purchase Intention

In order to deliver better and appropriate products to the customers, marketers do a lot of research on consumer behaviour. Understanding consumer behaviour by companies results not only in identifying their potential customers but also helps in customer satisfaction, influencing potential customers, creating competitive advantage, making effective marketing strategies and increase in customer base. Development of social media has revolutionized the interaction and communication between companies, customers and other stakeholders. Customer can access product information, review, evaluate and compare alternatives on social media that affects their buying decisions. With the advent of social media marketing, marketers can communicate and serve their customers in more personalized manner as compare to mass media marketing. Purchase intention is a critical element which provide insight about consumer buying behaviour. Purchase intension may be governed by societal, emotional, logical, moral, psychological and economic factors. In this paper, we analyze how consumer purchase intention is influenced by social media and various factors affecting the consumer purchase intention on social media.
High Frequency Testing and Modeling of Silent Discharge Ozone Generators

This paper deals with high frequency modeling of silent discharge ozone generators (OGs). The electrical characteristics of two simple silent discharge OGs operated at low and high frequency are analyzed and compared. An equivalent electric model is proposed for the operation of the OG at high frequency. This model can be used to optimize the electronic power converter used to supply silent discharge OGs at high frequency. Experimental results measured in the laboratory for two particular OGs are presented to validate the proposed model.
Aqueous solution properties of ampholytic copolymers prepared in microemulsions

The aqueous solution properties of a series of polyampholytes of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (NaAMPS) and (2-(metacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (MADQUAT) were investigated by turbidimetry and viscometry experiments. The solution behavior in the absence and presence of salt is directly related to the copolymer composition. Neutral copolymers with balanced stoichiometry collapse into globules in pure water and adopt a Gaussian configuration at high sodium chloride contents (>1 M), due to a screening of the attractive interactions
HYSTERETIC BEHAVIOR AND IRREVERSIBILITY OF POLYMER GELS BY PH CHANGE

Swelling equilibrium has been studied on N‐isopropylacrylamide gel which is randomly but slightly incorporated both by trisodium salt of copper chlorophyllin and by sodium acrylate. An ionic gel with both hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding was found here to display hysteretic behavior in swelling degree with an interesting nature when the pH is cycled between 7 and 12. In the shrinking transition to the collapsed state observed during pH decrease, there are two different processes characterized by the first order phase transitions with different pHs (7.3 and 7.6). These could be selected whether or not the pH had been increased beyond the threshold (pH=9). Namely, in the larger pH region beyond the threshold, the gel can reswell larger than the first swollen state which appeared directly from the collapsed phase. The hysteretic behavior as well as the irreversibility observed in higher pH region than the threshold was attributed to the screening effect on the ionic groups in the gels because of .
High‐resolution Imaging of Starch Granule Structure using Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was carried out for the precise structural analysis of starch granules. AFM is a useful technique to obtain — under atmospheric conditions — high-resolution images which are as good as those obtained by conventional scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The samples for observation by AFM do not require complicated preparations such as the drying and metal coating as in the case of electron microscopy. The AFM technique is suitable for the precise structural observation of bio-materials in which damage caused by drying and heating must be avoided and the effect of the thickness of the metal coating must be considered. Several preparation methods for exposing the bare inner surface of starch granules were studied in the beginning. AFM structural analyses on the nanometer scale were carried out on starch granules from five different botanical sources which were prepared by a physical method. It was directly demonstrated that fine particles of approximately 30 nm in diameter existed inside each granule and occasionally formed a straight chain structure. These fine particles may correspond to the individual blocklet or single cluster which has been proposed in the starch structural model previously discussed.