Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elaboration of B Gene Function to Include the Identity of Novel Floral Organs in the Lower Eudicot Aquilegia[W]

The basal eudicot Aquilegia (columbine) has an unusual floral structure that includes two morphologically distinct whorls of petaloid organs and a clearly differentiated fifth organ type, the staminodium. In this study, we have sought to determine how Aquilegia homologs of the B class genes APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) contribute to these novel forms of organ identity. Detailed expression analyses of the three AP3 paralogs and one PI homolog in wild-type and floral homeotic mutant lines reveal complex patterns that suggest that canonical B class function has been elaborated in Aquilegia. Yeast two-hybrid studies demonstrate that the protein products of Aquilegia's AP3 and PI homologs can form heterodimers, much like what has been observed for their core eudicot homologs. Downregulation of AqvPI using virus-induced gene silencing indicates that in addition to petal and stamen identity, this locus is essential to staminodial identity but may not control the identity of the petaloid sepals. Our findings show that preexisting floral organ identity programs can be partitioned and modified to produce additional organ types. In addition, they indicate that some types of petaloid organs are not entirely dependent on AP3/PI homologs for their identity.
Wavelet-Bayesian inference of cosmic strings embedded in the cosmic microwave background

Cosmic strings are a well-motivated extension to the standard cosmological model and could induce a subdominant component in the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), in addition to the standard inflationary component. The detection of strings, while observationally challenging, would provide a direct probe of physics at very high-energy scales. We develop a framework for cosmic string inference from observations of the CMB made over the celestial sphere, performing a Bayesian analysis in wavelet space where the string-induced CMB component has distinct statistical properties to the standard inflationary component. Our wavelet-Bayesian framework provides a principled approach to compute the posterior distribution of the string tension Gμ and the Bayesian evidence ratio comparing the string model to the standard inflationary model. Furthermore, we present a technique to recover an estimate of any string-induced CMB map embedded in observational data. Using Planck-like simulations, we demonstrate the application of our framework and evaluate its performance. The method is sensitive to Gμ ∼ 5 × 10−7 for Nambu–Goto string simulations that include an integrated Sachs–Wolfe contribution only and do not include any recombination effects, before any parameters of the analysis are optimized. The sensitivity of the method compares favourably with other techniques applied to the same simulations.
Aminoglycoside–Quinacridine Conjugates: Towards Recognition of the P6.1 Element of Telomerase RNA

A modular synthesis has been developed which allows easy and rapid attachment of one or two aminoglycoside units to a quinacridine intercalator, thereby leading to monomeric and dimeric conjugates. Melting temperature (Tm) experiments show that the tobramycin dimeric conjugate TD1 exhibits strong binding to the P6.1 element of human telomerase RNA. By contrast, tobramycin alone is much less efficient and the monomeric compound TM1 elicits a poor binding ability. Monitoring of the interaction by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay shows a 1:1 stoichiometry for the binding of the dimeric compound to the hairpin structure and confirms the lower affinity for a control duplex. Protection experiments with RNase T1 indicate interaction of the drug both in the stem and in the loop of the hairpin. Taken together, the data suggest a binding of TD1 inside the hairpin at the stem‐loop junction. The same trends are observed with paromomycin and kanamycin analogues but with a lower affinity.
Incidencia de retinopatía del prematuro en la clínica Comfamiliar Risaralda durante los años 2002-2008

Introduccion: La retinopatia del prematuro es una de las principales causas de ceguera prevenible en el mundo. Para su control es primordial la identificacion y el seguimiento de los recien nacidos que estan en riesgo de desarrollarla. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue determinar la incidencia de retinopatia del prematuro en nuestro medio e identificar y analizar las principales variables clinicas que influyen en su presentacion. Metodos: se estudiaron retrospectivamente 217 prematuros nacidos en la Clinica Comfamiliar Risaralda entre los anos 2002-2008. Se realizo el tamizaje a los neonatos con peso menor a 1.800 gramos y menos de 34 semanas, iniciando a la quinta semana de nacido y con controles segun hallazgos asi: a las dos semanas, cuando la retina fuera inmadura y no hubiera retinopatia del prematuro; a la semana si presentaba retinopatia del prematuro en zona 3; y cada 4 dias si se presentaba retinopatia del prematuro en zona 1 o 2; posteriormente cada mes hasta el sexto mes de vida y cada semestre hasta la edad escolar. Se analizaron datos sobre las principales variables implicadas en el desarrollo de retinopatia al momento del nacimiento y en controles posteriores. Conclusiones: Se realizo seguimiento al 87% de los pacientes y se observo una incidencia de retinopatia del prematuro y complicaciones similares a las descritas en la literatura internacional. El 90.4% de los prematuros con retinopatia tuvieron regresion espontanea y fue necesario tratar a 9 pacientes. Solo el 5% presentaron retinopatia grado lll.
Chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers: Further defining a bacterial challenge model using the wire flooring model

&NA; Lameness in broiler chickens is a significant animal welfare and financial issue. Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) leading to lameness can be enhanced by rearing young broilers on wire flooring. Using the wire floor system, we identified Staphylococcus agnetis as the predominant isolate in BCO of the proximal tibiae and femora, and blood of lame broilers. Administration of S. agnetis isolates in water can induce lameness. We now report that the wire floor system increases bacterial translocation into the blood stream. We have also determined that approximately 105 CFU/mL is the minimum effective dose in the drinking water and that challenge at 10, 20, or 30 days of age produces similar incidences of lameness. BCO isolates of S. agnetis are much more effective than other Staphylococcus species and can overwhelm the protective effects of some commercial probiotics. Finally, we also demonstrated that the BCO lameness induced by administration of S. agnetis in the drinking water is transmissible to unchallenged broilers in the same pen.
Galanin Antagonists Block Galanin‐induced Feeding in the Hypothalamus and Amygdala of the Rat

Galanin significantly increased food intake when microinjected into the region of the central nucleus of the amygdala as well as into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the amygdala this effect was specific to feeding; no change in grooming, resting, or other behaviour was observed after galanin treatment. These results provide evidence that the amygdala may be an important site in the mediation of galanin‐induced feeding. The galanin receptor antagonists, C7 and M40, antagonized galanin‐induced feeding, while having no effect alone on food consumption in free‐feeding rats. These new galanin receptor antagonists provide useful tools for further investigating the role of endogenous galanin in the regulation of feeding.
Causas internas del éxito internacional: de la heterogeneidad de los recursos a la construcción de capacidades organizativas

Nuestro estudio tiene por objeto comprobar si las dotaciones heterogeneas de recursos de las empresas son causa suficiente para explicar los diferentes resultados exportadores de las empresas, tal como propone la teoria de recursos y capacidades. Partiendo de las aportaciones de la literatura en recursos y capacidades se disenan dos espacios multidimensionales para situar a las empresas en el espacio recursos y en el espacio resultado exportador. Cada uno de los espacios esta constituido por una serie de items que han sido ampliamente considerados y validados en la literatura como puntos relevantes para determinar el compromiso exportador, 53 en el caso de los recursos y 5 en el del compromiso exportador. Posteriormente, tras comprobar la ortonormalidad de los items en cada uno de los espacios, se situa a las empresas en el espacio definido por sus recursos, y se mide la distancia euclidea existente entre ellas. De modo similar se calcula la distancia existente entre las empresas, en funcion de los componentes de sus resultados exportadores. Para obtener los datos del estudio se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a los gerentes de siete empresas del sector del mueble riojano, con el fin determinar la fuente interna de las diferencias en los resultados empresariales, y mas concretamente en exportacion. Los resultados del estudio muestran que la heterogeneidad en las dotaciones de recursos no explica de forma suficiente las diferencias en los resultados exportadores, ya que no existe una alta correlacion de las distancias entre las empresas en ambos espacios. Como aportacion final se plantea un mapa de actividad que representa las capacidades organizativas complejas desarrolladas por la empresa de la muestra que ha obtenido mayor exito exportador. Las capacidades son estudiadas por la complejidad que genera el conjunto de relaciones que se establecen entre los recursos que la integran. Este analisis permite concluir que no son los recursos los que hacen diferentes los resultados exportadores, sino que son las capacidades organizativas distintivas, complejas y particulares que se desarrollan dentro de cada empresa, las que las hacen diferentes a ellas y a sus resultados empresariales.
Overlay upper Clothing Textures to Still Images based on Human Pose Estimation

The authors propose a system to enhance user's experience in virtual shopping with image processing techniques. Our proposed system allows a user to submit his or her upright photo taken by any regular camera and choose a product interactively, and then the system returns an output image, which is morphed with upper clothing textures corresponding to the human pose estimated from the given photo. Our approach is based on the result of estimating upper human pose to calculate similarity scores between pairs of image poses and our simple yet efficient method to scale a texture image of an upper clothing product to an appropriate size for morphing. From our study on various magazines and websites of fashion, we define 16 common types of human poses. We create a dataset with 390 photos taken in studios for many products in various poses which cover the 16 defined common poses to train and test our proposed virtual dressing room. Experiments with 12 volunteers to evaluate 150 result images from 50 user images in our system show that 89% of the overlaid output images of the system have good evaluation results. Our proposed system not only enhances users' experience but also helps users save time with a virtual dressing system before they decide to purchase upper clothing products.
A Meta-analysis of School-based Smoking and Alcohol Use Prevention Programs

Tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents continue at historically high rates, and school-based interventions designed to deter students from smoking and drinking are increasingly being implemented. This study reports a meta-analysis of 47 smoking and 29 alcohol school-based intervention programs published after 1970. Results indicate that, in general, smoking and alcohol interventions have equally modest effects on immediate behavioral outcomes. Smoking interventions, however, have been more successful than alcohol interventions at altering students' long term behavior. All of the alcohol programs and all but one of the smoking programs reviewed successfully increased knowledge regarding the risks of these behaviors. Attitude change appears to be more difficult to achieve. Twenty-nine of 33 smoking studies and only 19 of 31 alcohol studies successfully changed students' attitudes. Finally, the data indicate that for immediate smoking outcomes and long-term alcohol outcomes innovative interven tions relying upon social reinforcement, social norms, and developmental behavioral models are more effective than traditional "awareness" programs designed to inform adolescents about the health risks associated with tobacco and alcohol use. The impli cations of these findings for the future of school-based health promotion programs are discussed.
Incidence and Course of Depression in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Objective Depressive symptoms are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and they might influence the course and prognosis of AD. Depression could appear anytime in the course of the disease, and could either last considerably long or disappear easily. This study is intended to investigate the occurrence of depression in the course of AD and the risk factors of incidence. Methods This study targeted 1,272 AD patients without depressive symptoms at the start of this study in Korea. A total of 775 subjects completed the study, and the occurrence of depression was assessed after 12 months. Demographic information of subjects was collected and cognitive functions, overall functions, and depression severity were assessed at the start of this study and after 12 months. Results Among the 775 subjects, 103 subjects (13.29%) developed depression 12 months later. The MMSE-KC scores showed significant changes in both groups that developed depression and did not. In the univariate analysis, significant differences in the incidence of depression were found in terms of gender, the administration of the antidepressant at the baseline, the SGDS-K score, and the GDS score. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in the incidence of depression was associated with a female, in the increase in SGDS-K score and the GDS score. Conclusion The incidence of depression in the subjects who completed the 12-month follow-up observation was 13.29%. Moreover, in the multivariate analysis, a female gender and the severity of dementia, including the overall functions, seemed associated with the occurrence of depression.
Flicker Evaluation of the SeaGen Tidal Power Plant

This paper presents the power quality evaluation of a 1.2-MW tidal power plant. The results show that the unit works well and that the power quality impact is moderate to low and for future units which most likely will have more turbines, the power quality impact will be very low. The wind turbine power quality standard IEC 61400-21 was used in this investigation, and was adequate; however, regarding the connecting transients, there could be a need for a specific standard. It is found that the power level is well controlled at higher water speeds; the maximum 10-min power is found to be 1.21 MW. The maximum 2-s value is found to be 1.46 MW and the maximum 60-s value is found to be 1.30 MW. The reactive power exchange with the grid is negligible; at full load, the power factor is 0.99. The flicker coefficient is between 1 and 5, depending on the grid impedance angle. Finally, it can be said that the maximum total harmonic distortion (THD) for the voltages is found to be 1.2% and for the current 0.65% during operation with the complete power plant.
Plants, Their Predators and the Physician

This article aims to give the view of an amateur botanist ? n some of the ways in which field botany, now called the study of plant ecology, continues to contribute to the understanding and treatment of disease. This pompous Proposition would have been incomprehensible 250 years ag? , when nobody could profess to be a physician without being a professional botanist and the materia medica was based almost entirely on plants. When, in 1709, Herman Boerhaave was appointed to the Chair of Medicine at Leiden[l], an appointment which can be thought of as the first Chair of Medicine in the modern pattern, it was regarded as right and normal that he should also be aPpointed Professor of Botany, working curator of the Botanical Gardens, and Professor of Chemistry. On the chemical front the eighteenth century went on to see the foundation of modern inorganic chemistry, and the nineteenth an explosion of organic chemistry, the understanding of which was very largely based on the study of chemicals of plant origin. By 1914 it was estimated that the structure of more than 10,000 such compounds was known, and, for many, the steps by which they were synthesised. Similarly, the daughter sciences of human biochemistry and pharmacology originated in plant chemistry, as witness the nicotinic and
La intervención del sector público en la educación

espanolEn este trabajo se ofrece una vision panoramica de la intervencion del sector publico en el ambito de la educacion. Inicialmente se aborda la fundamentacion normativa de la actuacion del sector publico en dicho campo, partiendo de la caracterizacion economica de la educacion como servicio y analizando luego las implicaciones en cada una de las ramas musgravianas. En el segundo apartado se lleva a cabo un analisis comparado, referido al conjunto de paises desarrollados, basado en las cifras de gasto publico y otros indicadores. Posteriormente se pasa revista a una decena de cuestiones planteadas en la actualidad en el terreno educativo, seleccionadas por su relevancia para el sector publico. El trabajo finaliza con una resena de las consideraciones que pueden extraerse del estudio realizado. EnglishThis work offers an overview of public sector intervention in the field of education. Firstly, the normative foundation of that intervention is approached, starting from the economic caracterization of education as a service, and then analyzing the implications in each of the musgravian branches. In the second section a comparative analysis, referred to the developed countries, based on public expenditure ratios and other indicators, is provided. Subsequently, ten topics nowadays raised in connection with education, chosen due to their relevance for the public sector, are reviewed. The work ends with some concluding remarks stemming from the study undertaken.
Existential and religious dimensions of spirituality and their relationship with health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Spiritual aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been fully assessed. This study described the religious and existential dimensions of spirituality of patients with CKD, provided evidence to support construct validity of the ESRD Spiritual Beliefs Scale, and examined the relationship between constructs of spirituality and HRQoL. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This was a prospective, cohort study of 253 predominantly white (81.5%) prevalent patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD or receiving long-term dialysis. Participants completed the Kidney Dialysis Quality of Life Short Form, the ESRD Spiritual Beliefs Scale, the Spiritual Perspective Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. RESULTS Three subscales of ESRD Spiritual Beliefs Scale were highly correlated with other measures of religiosity and weakly correlated with existential well-being. Mean of three subscales of ESRD Spiritual Beliefs Scale and overall Spiritual Perspective Scale scores were 8.8 to 9.9 and 3.3, respectively. Mean ± SD existential and religious scores of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale were 42.9 ± 8.8 and 38.8 ± 11.4, respectively. Negligible correlations existed between religious scores and HRQoL. Conversely, existential well-being was moderately associated with several domains of HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports construct validity of the ESRD Spiritual Beliefs Scale as a measure of religiosity. It did not seem to capture the existential dimension of spirituality. The existential domain of spirituality was more clinically relevant to patients in this study and had a greater impact on HRQoL compared with measures of religiosity.
Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of KWAJEX: Model Sensitivities and Comparisons with Satellite and Radar Observations

Abstract Three-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulations of a mesoscale region around Kwajalein Island during the Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) are performed. Using observed winds along with surface and large-scale thermodynamic forcings, the model tracks the observed mean thermodynamic soundings without thermodynamic nudging during 52-day simulations spanning the whole experiment time period, 24 July–14 September 1999. Detailed comparisons of the results with cloud and precipitation observations, including radar reflectivities from the Kwajalein ground validation radar and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud amounts and radiative fluxes, reveal the biases and sensitivities of the model’s simulated clouds. The amount and optical depth of high cloud are underpredicted by the model during less rainy periods, leading to excessive outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and insufficient albedo. The simulated radar reflectivities tend to be excessive, especially in the upper troposphe.
Abdominal pain in a pregnant woman.

❙ Predictive values of ultrasound and CT Page 43 IN THIS ARTICLE Q What’s your diagnosis? A 24-year-old woman at 22 weeks’ gestation came to OB triage with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She said that sharp pain began the night before, starting at the umbilicus and radiating toward her right side. She rated her pain level at 7. She felt no contractions and had no vaginal bleeding, fluid leaking, or dysuria. She had GERD at times and chills the day before, but no fever. Similar pain 1 month before had resolved spontaneously, and no cause was determined. She had no notable personal or family medical history. On examination, she was afebrile, normotensive, and in no apparent distress. Heart and lungs were normal. Her abdomen was soft and gravid with a fundal height of 22 cm. Bowel sounds were present in all 4 quadrants. Fetal heart tones were normal, and there was no indication of contractions. Her abdomen was diffusely tender, with significant tenderness to deep palpation in the right upper quadrant at first. There was no rebound or guarding. The psoas sign was negative. The obturator sign was positive, with increased pain, level 4, in the right lower quadrant. There were no abdominal masses. Digital rectal examination found no masses, and a guaiac stool test was negative. A few hours later, the tenderness seemed to move toward the right lower quadrant (FIGURES 1 AND 2).