Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An optic micro-switch for an eyelid response to foster environmental control in children with minimal motor behaviour

This study assessed whether two children (11.9- and 9.7-years-old) with profound multiple disabilities and minimal motor behaviour could learn to control environmental stimulation using an eyelid response with a newly developed micro-switch. The response consisted of raising the eyelid markedly (i.e. by looking upward or opening the eyes widely). The micro-switch developed for this target response consisted of an electronically regulated optic sensor mounted on an eyeglasses’ frame. Data showed that the children learned the target eyelid response to activate the micro-switch and to increase their level of environmental stimulation. Responding was largely maintained at a 2-month post-intervention check. These results indicate that continued work in this area has positive implications for the rehabilitation of children with most serious disabilities.
Snowfall-Driven Growth in East Antarctic Ice Sheet Mitigates Recent Sea-Level Rise

Satellite radar altimetry measurements indicate that the East Antarctic ice-sheet interior north of 81.6°S increased in mass by 45 ± 7 billion metric tons per year from 1992 to 2003. Comparisons with contemporaneous meteorological model snowfall estimates suggest that the gain in mass was associated with increased precipitation. A gain of this magnitude is enough to slow sea-level rise by 0.12 ± 0.02 millimeters per year.
Spinal Opioid Bioavailability in Postoperative Pain

Opioids have been used for spinal analgesia for more than a century, and their injection epidurally and intrathecally has a key role in the control of postoperative pain. Since the discovery of the endogenous opioid system, 3 decades ago, their use has become more generalized in obstetric analgesia, the management of chronic pain, and acute postoperative pain. To use opioids effectively for this type of analgesia, it is important to understand the pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology of these drugs, specifically those that produce analgesia by an intrinsic spinal mechanism. Evidence from animal and human experiments indicates that hydrophilic opioids (such as hydromorphone and morphine) bind more strongly to specific receptors within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord than lipophilic opioids (such as alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil). This can be understood by considering the spinal cord selectivity and bioavailability of these opioids. This difference is attributable to differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the 2 groups. It is more difficult for lipophilic opioids to reach and remain at sufficiently high concentrations at the site of action due to their sequestration in epidural fat and rapid plasma clearance from both epidural and intrathecal spaces, resulting in analgesia with a limited spread and duration, as well as the appearance of early supraspinal side effects. In contrast, morphine has very different properties, including greater spinal bioavailability and therefore administered neuraxially, it is suitable choice for the treatment of acute postoperative pain. However, when using morphine, a greater incidence of adverse effects can be expected, and it requires careful patient selection.
Quelle est l'opinion de médecins généralistes lorrains sur le service d'accompagnement SOPHIA ? Revue de la littérature et enquête qualitative auprès des médecins généralistes lorrains

Le service sophia est la premiere experience francaise de conseil medical a distance despatients qui a ete etendue a tout le pays au debut de 2013.Objectif : Examiner par une revue de litterature l'origine du concept de disease management (DM) et sa premiere adaptation francaise, sophia. Evaluer dans une enquete qualitative l'opinion de medecins generalistes lorrains au sujet du programme sophia.Revue de litterature : Par une recherche bibliographique sur les moteurs de recherche et sur le site ameli de l'Assurance Maladie.Enquete qualitative : Menee aupres de 20 medecins generalistes lorrains, qui participent ou non au service d'accompagnement sophia. Sous la forme de focus groups et d'entretiens semi structures. Il ressort des reponses faites des avis nuances selon les composantes du programme. La communication apparait comme un element insuffisant du programme : cela se traduit par un manque de synergie entre les trois interlocuteurs du programme, generateur de demotivation pour le medecin et le patient, et dommageable pour l'efficacite du programme. Une contribution positive dans l'education therapeutique du patient, particulierement dans le domaine de la dietetique, est reconnue. Pour la pratique clinique, si la charge de travail induite par la participation au programme est dans l'ensemble bien acceptee, les resultats positifs obtenus par sophia a court terme sont fortement relativises. Si le principe d'une remuneration s'impose, le montant n'est pas un element important de la participation des medecins ; quant au retour d'investissement du programme, estime couteux,il ne pourra etre constate, s'il existe, qu'a long terme. Tout programme d'accompagnement futur devrait, selon eux, davantage se preoccuper de l'avis, de la place et du role du medecin traitant pour obtenir son adhesion et sa contribution
THE EFFECTS OF SUBDIVISION ON THE GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF POPULATIONS AND SPECIES

Abstract An island model of migration is used to study the effects of subdivision within populations and species on sample genealogies and on between-population or between-species measures of genetic variation. The model assumes that the number of demes within each population or species is large. When populations (or species), connected either by gene flow or historical association, are themselves subdivided into demes, changes in the migration rate among demes alter both the structure of genealogies and the time scale of the coalescent process. The time scale of the coalescent is related to the effective size of the population, which depends on the migration rate among demes. When the migration rate among demes within populations is low, isolation (or speciation) events seem more recent and migration rates among populations seem higher because the effective size of each population is increased. This affects the probability of reciprocal monophyly of two samples, the chance that a gene tree of a sample matches the species tree, and relative likelihoods of different types of polymorphic sites. It can also have a profound effect on the estimation of divergence times. Corresponding Editor: J. Neigel
Introduction au Big Data - Opportunités, stockage et analyse des mégadonnées

L’objet de cet article est de cerner ce terme Big Data ou megadonnees. Dans un premier temps, les megadonnees sont caracterisees au travers du modele des 3V etendu au 5V. La problematique des megadonnees est distinguee de celle de l’informatique decisionnelle. Les enjeux economiques et societaux associes aux megadonnees sont abordes en presentant differents exemples d’usage relevant de differents domaines d’activite. Sont ensuite introduites differentes grandes methodes et techniques associees au stockage et a l’exploitation/analyse de ces megadonnees.
Visual Grounding of Spatial Relationships for Failure Detection

For reliable interaction with everyday objects, personal robots should be capable of visually detecting failures. Understanding spatial relationships between objects (e.g. a screw in a hole) can be useful in determining whether a task was successfully completed or not (e.g. a furniture assembly task). In this work, we show how images, along with natural language descriptions of the spatial relationships between pairs of objects present in those images, can be used in a deep learning framework to ground spatial relationships in the visual space. Thus, failure detection can be performed with natural language, without the extra step of collecting task-specific visual examples of success and failure, allowing robots to verify any spatial concept immediately, just from a description. We use an attention-based deep neural network to ground object names and spatial relationships in natural images, with images and descriptions from the Visual Genome dataset. The network is trained to discriminate correct spatial descriptions pertaining to an image from incorrect ones. We evaluate the performance of our model on a held out test set and obtain an accuracy of 92%.
Mineral Prospectivity Mapping Method Integrating Multi-Sources Geology Spatial Data Sets and Case-Based Reasoning

Extracting and synthesizing information from existing and massive amounts of geology spatial data sets is of great scientific significance and has considerable value in its applications. To make mineral exploration less expensive, more efficient, and more accurate, it is important to move beyond traditional concepts and establish a rapid, efficient, and intelligent method of predicting the existence and location of minerals. This paper describes a case-based reasoning (CBR) method for mineral prospectivity mapping that takes spatial features of geology data into account and offers an intelligent approach. This method include a metallogenic case representation that combines spatial and attribute features, metallogenic case-based storage organization, and a metallogenic case similarity retrieval model. The experiments were performed in the eastern Kunlun Mountains, China using CBR and weights-of-evidence (WOE), respectively. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the CBR is higher than that of the WOE.
L’économie, une discipline en quête d’autorité scientifique. États-Unis, 1932-1957

Cette these etudie la maniere dont les economistes ont cherche a asseoir l’autorite scientifique de leur discipline pendant la periode autour de la Seconde Guerre mondiale aux Etats-Unis. La recherche montre comment la quete pour l’autorite de la science des economistes a faconne un nouveau corpus de notions et de concepts, d’instruments de controle et de procedures de calcul qui sont l’expression de l’economie meme et qui, simultanement, a apporte a la discipline des benefices materiels et symboliques dans le monde universitaire et dans la sphere extra-academique. En s’etablissant comme une forme de savoir a la fois abstrait, technique et empirique, l’economie s’est consolidee comme une discipline capable de produire des connaissances universelles, d’articuler le monde academique et la sphere pratique et a affirme ses qualifications en tant que domaine applique implique dans la prise de decision politique. L’analyse se focalise sur trois des institutions au sommet de la discipline dans le monde universitaire etasunien : la Commission Cowles, le Departement d’Economie du Massachusetts Institute of Technology et le Departement d’Economie de l’Universite de Chicago. En etudiant la standardisation du diplome de doctorat en economie, cette enquete met de meme en lumiere la cristallisation d’un consensus comme etant a son tour liee a l’obtention du statut particulier de science. Inscrite dans une demarche d’histoire sociale des sciences, cette these est une contribution a l’etude des standards qui continuent aujourd’hui d’influencer la recherche, l’enseignement et l’activite professionnelle des economistes.
Cadenas globales de valor: en el punto de mira de la política comercial proteccionista

Las recientes tendencias proteccionistas en la politica comercial constituyen una amenaza a la expansion y continuidad de las cadenas globales de valor. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar los efectos economicos de las cadenas de valor, especialmente sobre aquellos aspectos que generan una mayor controversia y en los que se apoyan los argumentos proteccionistas: los saldos comerciales y el empleo. El analisis efectuado pone de manifiesto que la participacion en cadenas globales de valor (CGV) no conlleva necesariamente un deterioro de los saldos comerciales ni perdidas netas de empleo, aunque si produce alteraciones en la composicion de la mano de obra en contra de las manufacturas, el empleo menos cualificado y las tareas mas rutinarias.
Energy hole prevention in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we present how the HTAP (Hierarchical Tree Alternative Path) algorithm can drastically assist in the uniform energy utilization of a wireless sensor network and the avoidance of energy holes. HTAP is an algorithm designed explicitly for congestion control and avoidance and its operation is based on the creation of alternative paths from the source to sink, using the plethora of network's unused nodes. The creation of alternative paths involves several nodes which are not in the initial shortest path form the source to the sink and assists in safely transmitting the observed data. The use of these nodes leads to a balanced energy consumption, avoiding the creation of "holes" in the network.
Measurement of Non-Crystalline Calcium Phosphate in Bone Mineral.∗

Summary It was demonstrated by X-ray diffraction that bone mineral from mature cows, humans and Wistar rats, contained a non-crystalline calcium phosphate in addition to the well-known apatite phase. X-ray diffraction technique was described for determination of the percent of this amorphous (non-crystalline) material present in bone mineral, or synthetic mixtures.
Associations between pornography consumption and sexual practices among adolescents in Sweden

Pornography consumption and sexual behaviour were studied, with an aim to investigate any associations. Participants were 718 students from 47 high school classes, mean age 18 years, in a medium-sized Swedish city. More men (98%) than women (72%) had ever consumed pornography. More male high consumers than low consumers or women got sexually aroused by, fantasized about, or tried to perform acts seen in a pornographic film (P<0.001). Three-quarters of the sample had had sexual intercourse, of which 71% reported contraceptive use at first intercourse. Anal intercourse was reported by 16%, with infrequent condom use (39%). Intercourse with a friend (adjusted odds ratio (adj. OR) 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–4.12) was significantly associated with high consumption of pornography among men, while anal intercourse (adj. OR 1.99; 95% CI 0.95-4.16) and group sex (adj. OR 1.95; 95% CI 0.70-5.47) tended to be associated. A significant confounder was early age of sexual debut (adj. OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.18-1.88).
Reach distance but not judgment error is associated with falls in older people.

BACKGROUND Reaching is a vital action requiring precise motor coordination and attempting to reach for objects that are too far away can destabilize balance and result in falls and injury. This could be particularly important for many elderly people with age-related loss of sensorimotor function and a reduced ability to recover balance. Here, we investigate the interaction between reaching ability, errors in judging reach, and the incidence of falling (retrospectively and prospectively) in a large cohort of older people. METHODS Participants (n = 415, 70-90 years) had to estimate the furthest distance they could reach to retrieve a broomstick hanging in front of them. In an iterative dialog with the experimenter, the stick was moved until it was at the furthest distance they estimated to be reached successfully. At this point, participants were asked to attempt to retrieve the stick. Actual maximal reach was then measured. The difference between attempted reach and actual maximal reach provided a measure of judgment error. One-year retrospective fall rates were obtained at initial assessment and prospective falls were monitored by monthly calendar. RESULTS Participants with poor maximal reach attempted shorter reaches than those who had good reaching ability. Those with the best reaching ability most accurately judged their maximal reach, whereas poor performers were dichotomous and either underestimated or overestimated their reach with few judging exactly. Fall rates were significantly associated with reach distance but not with reach judgment error. CONCLUSIONS Maximal reach but not error in perceived reach is associated with falls in older people.
Sink plasmodesmata as gateways for phloem unloading. Myosin VIII and calreticulin as molecular determinants of sink strength?

Phloem-mediated movement of photoassimilates is one of the most critical processes in plants. Photosynthetically active leaves (source) produce an excess of photoassimilates that are exported, via sieve elements of the phloem, into photosynthetically inactive tissues (sink). For instance, growing
The leader peptide is essential for the post‐translational modification of the DNA‐gyrase inhibitor microcin B17

Microcin B17 (MccB17) is a ribosomally encoded DNA‐gyrase inhibitor. Ribosomally encoded antibiotics are derived from precursors containing an N‐terminal leader, which is removed during maturation, and a C‐terminal structural peptide. PreMccB17, the translational product of mcbA, is modified into proMccB17 by the action of three enzymes, McbB, McbC, and McbD. A chromosomally encoded peptidase then converts proMccB17 into MccB17. The role of McbB, McbC, and McbD is to convert glycine, cysteine, and serine residues present in preMccB17 into four thiazole and four oxazole rings. Using a modification‐specific antibody rather than antimicrobial activity, we show that the 26‐amino‐acid N‐terminal leader of preMccB17 is essential for the conversion of preMccB17 into proMccB17. Neither a preMccB17 peptide lacking the leader nor a preMccB17–β‐galactosidase fusion lacking the leader are post‐translationally modified.
The historical roots of Theory of Mind: the work of James Mark Baldwin

The historical development of the concepts underpinning what is currently called ‘Theory of Mind’ (ToM) has received little attention. This paper deals with the contribution of James Mark Baldwin (1861—1934) whose work on such concepts was original and profound. Embedding his version of ToM into a coherent developmental theory of human cognition, and suggesting novel methods of observation, Baldwin also proposed new conceptual tools and proto-concepts such as the ‘ejective-self’. Baldwin also wrote on the distinction between the mental and the non-mental, and on play and imitation. His influence on Jean Piaget, another important figure in the development of ToM, is briefly touched upon here, as are possible explanations for Baldwin’s woeful absence from the 20th-century ToM hagiography.
Monolithic 300 Gb/s Parallel Transmitter in InP-Based Generic Photonic Integration Technology

In order to meet the constantly rising traffic demands in optical transport systems for data and telecommunications, compact, power efficient, and low-cost optical transmitters are needed that offer easy scalability toward higher transmission capacities. Photonic integrated circuit technology based on the InP material has long enabled the monolithic integration of tunable sources with modulators and opened the way toward large-scale wavelength-division multiplexed parallel transmitters. In this paper, we present the design and performance of a monolithic tunable 8 $\times$ 40 Gb/s parallel transmitter chip with more than 220 components and state-of-the-art capacity density metric. A generic photonic integration approach was followed, in which the transmitter is constituted from well-developed subcircuits and building blocks, facilitating its design and manufacturing. With the trend toward large-scale integration with increasing component densities and smaller chip sizes, proximity effects in form of crosstalk are limiting further miniaturization efforts. We analyze electrical, thermal, and optical crosstalk effects that are relevant to the transmitter design, discuss appropriate mitigation techniques, and indicate the limitations of the current technology.
Oxidative Stress and Alzheimer Disease: The Autophagy Connection?

Intraneuronal accumulation of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is believed to be responsible for degeneration and apoptosis of neurons and consequent senile plaque formation in Alzheimer disease (AD), the main cause of senile dementia. Oxidative stress, an early determinant of AD, has been recently found to induce intralysosomal Abeta accumulation in cultured differentiated neuroblastoma cells through activation of macroautophagy. Because Ab is known to destabilize lysosomal membranes, potentially resulting in apoptotic cell death, this finding suggests the involvement of oxidative stress-induced macroautophagy in the pathogenesis of AD. Addendum to: Autophagy of Amyloid Beta-Protein in Differentiated Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress L. Zheng, K. Roberg, F. Jerhammar, J. Marcusson and A. Terman Neurosci Lett 2006; In press
Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patients, even if they have not previously had diabetes. Whether the normalization of blood glucose levels with insulin therapy improves the prognosis for such patients is not known. METHODS We performed a prospective, randomized, controlled study involving adults admitted to our surgical intensive care unit who were receiving mechanical ventilation. On admission, patients were randomly assigned to receive intensive insulin therapy (maintenance of blood glucose at a level between 80 and 110 mg per deciliter [4.4 and 6.1 mmol per liter]) or conventional treatment (infusion of insulin only if the blood glucose level exceeded 215 mg per deciliter [11.9 mmol per liter] and maintenance of glucose at a level between 180 and 200 mg per deciliter [10.0 and 11.1 mmol per liter]). RESULTS At 12 months, with a total of 1548 patients enrolled, intensive insulin therapy reduced mortality during intensive care from 8.0 percent with conventional treatment to 4.6 percent (P<0.04, with adjustment for sequential analyses). The benefit of intensive insulin therapy was attributable to its effect on mortality among patients who remained in the intensive care unit for more than five days (20.2 percent with conventional treatment, as compared with 10.6 percent with intensive insulin therapy, P=0.005). The greatest reduction in mortality involved deaths due to multiple-organ failure with a proven septic focus. Intensive insulin therapy also reduced overall in-hospital mortality by 34 percent, bloodstream infections by 46 percent, acute renal failure requiring dialysis or hemofiltration by 41 percent, the median number of red-cell transfusions by 50 percent, and critical-illness polyneuropathy by 44 percent, and patients receiving intensive therapy were less likely to require prolonged mechanical ventilation and intensive care. CONCLUSIONS Intensive insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose at or below 110 mg per deciliter reduces morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients in the surgical intensive care unit.
Battery Status Not Included: Assessing Privacy in Web Standards

The standardization process is core to the development of the open web. Until 2013, the process rarely included privacy review and had no formal privacy requirements. But today the importance of privacy engineering has become apparent to standards bodies such as the W3C as well as to browser vendors. Standards groups now have guidelines for privacy assessments, and are including privacy reviews in many new specifications. However, the standards community does not yet have much practical experience in assessing privacy. In this paper we systematically analyze the W3C Battery Status API to help inform future privacy assessments. We begin by reviewing its evolution — the initial specification, which only cursorily addressed privacy, the discovery of surprising privacy vulnerabilities as well as actual misuse in the wild, followed by the removal of the API from major browser engines, an unprecedented move. Next, we analyze web measurement data from late 2016 and confirm that the majority of scripts used the API for fingerprinting. Finally, we draw lessons from this affair and make recommendations for improving privacy engineering of web standards.