Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of variant benzo[a]pyrene‐resistant T47D human breast‐cancer cells

T47D human breast cancer cells were grown in I μM benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for 3.5 months, and 2 BaP‐resistant (BaPR) variant cell lines (C5 and C10) were isolated. Decreased aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)‐responsiveness in the C5 and C10 BaPR cells was characterized by lower (80 to 90%) induction of CYPIAI‐dependent activity by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD), lower levels of the nuclear Ah receptor complex and significantly decreased Ah receptor mRNA levels. Nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) binding and ER mRNA levels were similar in wild‐type and mutant cell lines, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the variant BaPR T47D cells. 17β‐Estradiol induced proliferation of both wild‐type and BaPR T47D cells, and TCDD inhibited this response but did not down‐regulate nuclear ER levels. The unique characteristics of the BaPR T47D variant cells will be used to further elucidate the mechanism of interaction between the ER and Ah receptor signalling pathways. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forma prezentacji informacji w sprawozdaniach finansowych a ich użyteczność – przegląd wybranych badań

The purpose of the research was to gather and present arguments available in the subject literature which support the thesis that how financial statements are presented impacts their usefulness. The basic research method was an analysis of Polish and international literature on the subject, with the article then summarising the results of empirical studies done by other authors. In the majority of cases the problem was analysed in the context of financial statements prepared under the Polish Accounting Act, IAS/IFRS and US GAAP. The first issue addressed is the aggregation and disaggregation of items reported in financial statements. The study also examines the presentation of financial statements prepared by IASB and FASB. The analysis of the literature and the studies presented together show that the form in which financial statements are presented has a profound impact on their usefulness.
Three years' experience in a sexual problems clinic.

The clinic is organised by a consultant psychiatrist with a special interest in sexual problems and working within a university depart ment of psychiatry. The clinic takes up one session a week at which the staff-the consultant, a lecturer and a senior registrar in psychiatry, and two part-time women psychiatrists-see three to four new patients and also provide continuing treatment for other patients. These five people each contribute one to one and a half sessions a week to the clinic, in some cases seeing patients at times outside the regular clinic session. Each new patient or couple is given one and a half hours for initial assessment. All married patients are asked to attend with their spouses and unmarried patients with sexual partners are asked to bring their partners with them if the referring agency had indicated that this would be appropriate. During each clinic the staff members meet for half an hour to discuss the new referrals and decide what treatment should be offered. There is also a pool of other health professionals who have asked for supervised experience in treating sexual problems. During the past two and a half years 30 professionals have gained this training; they have included psychiatric trainees at registrar and senior registrar level, clinical psychologists, general practice trainees, social workers, medical students, and one nurse. These trainee therapists are allocated patients or couples from the waiting list, arrange treatment in their own time, and attend one of two supervision groups held fortnightly by the consultant psychia trist. Some selection is exercised in this allocation, those cases pre senting more obvious difficulties being given to therapists with more experience. Treatment in most cases is based on a modified Masters and Johnson method.1 2 The supervision groups are used to deal with practical management along these lines so that each therapist can learn not only from his own experience but also from that of others in his group. In most cases a therapist will remain in the group while treating one or two couples. Some stay on to gain more extensive experience. In some cases therapists work in co-therapy pairs, though most work individually. In addition to this form of treatment brief counselling and, when appropriate, drugs are also provided by mem bers of the clinic staff. A treatment research project has been in progress during the past 18 months, and this has absorbed some of the treatment load. Referrals
Current progress in neural crest cell motility and migration and future prospects for the zebrafish model system

The neural crest is a unique population of cells that contributes to the formation of diverse cell types, including craniofacial cartilage, peripheral neurons, the cardiac outflow tract, and pigment cells. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are specified within the neuroepithelium, undergo an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, and migrate to target destinations throughout the embryo. Here, we review current understanding of two steps in NCC development, both of which involve NCC motility. The first is NCC delamination from the neuroepithelium and the changes in cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton necessary for the initiation of migration. The second is NCC migration and the signals that guide NCCs along specific migratory pathways. We illustrate the strength of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, as a model organism to study NCC motility. The zebrafish is particularly well suited for the study of neural crest motility because of the ability to combine genetic manipulation with live imaging of migrating NCCs. Developmental Dynamics, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of cold atmospheric plasma on mucosal tissue culture

Thermal plasmas have been commonly used in medical applications such as plasma ablation and blood coagulation. Newer developments show that plasmas can be generated with ion temperatures close to room temperature: these non-thermal or so-called cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) therefore open up a wide range of further biomedical applications. Based on the understanding of the bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal properties of CAPs, information about the effects of CAP on mucosal cells and tissue is still lacking. Therefore this study focuses on the interaction of CAP with healthy head and neck mucosal cells on a molecular level. To analyse this interaction in detail, fresh tissue samples from healthy nasal and pharyngeal mucosa were harvested during surgery, assembled to a three-dimensional tissue culture model (mini organ cultures) and treated with CAP for different treatment times. Effects on the viability, necrosis induction and mutagenic activity were evaluated with the trypan blue exclusion test, Annexin-V/PI staining and alkaline microgel electrophoresis (comet assay). Trypan blue exclusion test revealed that the CAP treatment significantly decreases the cell viability for all tested treatment times (5, 10, 30, 60 and 120 s; p < 0.05), but only a treatment time of 120 s showed a cytotoxic effect as the viability dropped below 90%. Annexin-V/PI staining revealed a significant increase in necrosis in CAP treated pharyngeal tissue cultures for treatment times of 60 and 120 s (p < 0.05). For nasal tissue this effect was already detected for a 30 s treatment (p < 0.05). Comet assay analysis showed no mutagenic effects after exposure to CAP.
Assessment and analysis of the applicability of recurrent neural networks to natural language understanding with a focus on the problem of coreference resolution

Recurrent Neural Networks erweitern das konnektionistische Prinzip der Informationsverarbeitung um eine grundlegende Fahigkeit biologischer Kognition: temporale Modellierung sequentieller Eingaben. Diese Erweiterung erlaubt einem kunstlichen neuronalen Netzwerk, grammatische Muster aus naturlichen Sprachdaten zu lernen und auf eine Aufgabe anzuwenden. Ein lahmendes Problem des Trainings rekurrenter Netzwerke, das "vanishing gradient"-Problem, fuhrte in den neunziger Jahren zur Entwicklung neuer Optimierungsverfahren und Speicherkontrollmechanismen zweiter Ordnung, wie Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), deren Erfolg jedoch zunachst von den hoheren Rechenanforderungen gedampft wurde. Mit der wachsenden Verfugbarkeit von Rechenleistung und Daten verschob sich der Forschungsfokus bald von der Grundlagenforschung zu Performanzanalysen verschiedener Netzwerkkonfigurationen. Obwohl die Analyse neuronaler Netzwerkmodelle uber die Jahre vereinzelt weitergefuhrt wurde, schien die Verarbeitung naturlicher Sprache weitestgehend ausen vor zu bleiben. Diese Arbeit tragt zu kurzlichem und historischem Bestreben bei, die Verarbeitung von naturlicher Sprache von der Eingabeebene bis zur Entscheidungsebene zu verfolgen. Wir untersuchen, wie sich moderne tiefschichtige Netzwerktechnologien einsetzen lassen, um einem wichtigen Ziel der Konnektionismus-Forschung naher zu kommen: das Verstandnis uber die Verarbeitung von sprachlicher Bedeutung in einem komplexen Netzwerk kunstlicher Neuronen. Hierzu verfolgen wir einen Ansatz, der die Komplexitat der Experimente iterativ erhoht. Korpora, Algorithmen und Aufgaben werden zunachst kontrolliert reduziert und vereinfacht. Rekurrente LSTM-Klassifizierer werden auf Wortsequenzen aus kunstlichen Daten sowie simplen naturlichen Daten trainiert, um ein wohldefiniertes aber schwieriges Problem der Sprachverarbeitung zu losen: Anapher-Resolution und paarweise Koreferenzresolution. Linguistische und visuelle Analysemethoden erlauben einen intuitiven Einblick in die Aktivitat kunstlicher Neuronen. Wir hoffen, dass diese Arbeit einen Beitrag leistet fur einen wissenschaftlichen Paradigmawandel in Richtung eines tieferen Verstandnisses uber das komplexe Uhrwerk kunstlicher neuronaler Netzwerke.
Visibilite et methodes probabilistes pour la planification de mouvement en robotique

Les applications actuelles de la robotique mettent souvent en uvre des robots complexes, ayant de nombreux degres de liberte. Or, le probleme de planification de mouvement a une complexite exponentielle avec le nombre de degres de liberte, ce qui rend necessaire l'utilisation de methodes non deterministes, qui cassent cette complexite et permettent de traiter des cas reels. Nos travaux portent sur la mise au point et l'etude d'une methode de type probabiliste basee sur la notion de visibilite. Apres avoir presente un etat de l'art du domaine, le deuxieme chapitre de notre memoire introduit la notion de visibilite, presente la notion de reseau adapte base sur la visibilite et propose un algorithme construisant de tels reseaux. Le comportement et les performances de cet algorithme sont analyses, et nous comparons ces performances a celles des methodes precedemment proposees. Un troisieme chapitre presente move3d, une plate-forme logicielle generique dediee a la planification de mouvement, dans laquelle notre planificateur a ete implante. Cette presentation inclut des resultats obtenus pour une large classe de systemes mecaniques (pont-roulant, bras manipulateur, robot mobile non-holonome, objet free-flying, etc. ). Le dernier chapitre est dedie aux robots de type voiture evoluant en marche avant. Un algorithme calculant la plus courte distance a un obstacle est propose, ainsi qu'une methode de construction des domaines de visibilite en position pour ce robot.
Design and performance of a prototype whole-body PET/CT scanner with fiber optic readout

We have built and characterized the performance of a new whole-body PET/CT scanner. This 90 cm aperture system, with an extended 32 cm axial PET field of view, incorporates a high resolution PET detector utilizing small crystals and wavelength-shifting optical fiber readout. The PET device is operated in 3D mode with no septa, and is integrated with a 90 cm aperture 16-slice CT into a new wide-bore PET/CT system. Results are presented on performance measurements and an overall system description. The system provides the best combined sensitivity, contrast recovery, and spatial resolution of any current PET/CT. System live fraction is very high at clinical activities, due to a combination of highly segmented system optics and a distributed data acquisition system. Singles-based randoms subtraction, real-time live fraction measurement, and spectrally-resolved scatter subtraction are implemented. Phantom measurements demonstrate the new system's capability to produce high-quality images with low dose to the patient. The system is designed to accommodate the largest patients, potentially reducing claustrophobic reactions and facilitating radiation therapy planning and interventional applications.
Differential effects of μ-opioid, δ-opioid and κ-opioid receptor agonists on dopamine receptor agonist-induced climbing behavior in mice

Interactions between the dopaminergic system and opioids have not been adequately clarified. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of μ-opioid (morphine), δ-opioid (SNC80) and κ-opioid (U50 488H) receptor agonists on dopamine receptor agonist-induced climbing behavior in mice. Apomorphine (dopamine-receptor agonist) increased stereotyped climbing behavior, unlike methamphetamine, morphine, U-50 488H and (±)7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin hydrobromide (D2-like receptor agonist). Furthermore, SKF81297 (D1 receptor agonist) and SNC80 caused climbing behavior. In addition, while morphine (20 mg/kg), but not U50 488H or SNC80, significantly attenuated high-dose apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg)-induced climbing behavior, it significantly potentiated low-dose apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg)-induced climbing behavior. These results suggest that morphine may have dual effects on the behavioral effects induced by apomorphine. Furthermore, we interestingly showed that the combination of apomorphine or SKF81297 and SNC80 enhanced frequent nonstereotypic climbing behavior, suggesting that δ/D1 interactions may play a prominent role in the expression of certain types of behavior in mice. Thus, μ-opioid, δ-opioid and κ-opioid receptor agonists induce possible differential effects on the dopaminergic system in mice.
Modification in autonomically mediated physiological responses to cold pressor by word associations.

Physiological measures—basal skin resistance (BSR), galvanic skin resistance (GSR), electrocardiogram (EKG), and skin temperatures—were made on 120 consecutive days on 3 male subjects during rest, a 20-item word association test, recovery, a cold-pressor test, a combination of cold-pressor and a second similar word-association test, and final recovery. Each stimulus alone induced increased sympathetic activity. Ongoing stress (cold pressor) responses, however, were depressed during the word-association test. Furthermore, the nature, reaction times, and commonalities of the associations were influenced by the stress. The inhibition was not due to order, threshold, adaptation, or conditioning effects.
Can Lean and Agile organisations within the UK automotive supply chain be distinguished based upon contextual factors

The purpose of this paper is to robustly establish whether firms are implementing Lean or Agile production in the automotive supply chain (SC) and, by drawing on contingency theory (CT) as our theoretical lens, independently determine whether Lean and Agile firms can be distinguished based upon contextual factors. ,Primary quantitative data from 140 firms in the West Midlands (UK) automotive industry were obtained via a constructed survey. Analysis incorporated the use of logistic regressions to calculate the probability of Lean and Agile organisations belonging to different groups amongst the contextual factors investigated. ,Lean and Agile firms co-exist in the automotive SC and Lean firms were found to be at higher tiers of the SC, while Agile firms were found to be at lower tiers. ,The originality of this study lies within the novel methodological attempt used to distinguish Lean and Agile production, based upon the contextual factors investigated. Not only is the importance of CT theoretically approved, but “received wisdom” within SC management is also contested. Extant literature propagates that the automotive SC is comprised of organisations that predominantly adopt Lean production methods, and that in SCs comprised of both Lean and Agile organisations, the firms closer to the customer will adopt more flexible (Agile) practices, while those that operate upstream will adopt more efficient (Lean) practices. The findings from this study have implications for theory and practice, as Lean and Agile firms can be found in the automotive SC without any relationship to the value-adding process. To speculate as to why the findings contest existing views, resource dependence theory and, more specifically, a power perspective, was invoked. The authors provide readers with a new way of thinking concerning complicated SCs and urge that the discipline of SC management adopts a “fourth” SC model, depicting a new Lean and Agile SC configuration.
Malaysia Health Information Exchange: A systematic review

Malaysia Health Information Exchange (MyHiX) is part of Health Transformation System, which is a national agenda to improve the healthcare service using ICT as an enabler. Its main focus is to share patients’ discharge summary or clinical summary among healthcare facilities. This initiative was launched in November 2008. However, nine years after its launch, MyHiX has been successfully implemented only in eight healthcare institutions in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review of the existing literatures related to Health Information Exchange or MyHiX, with the aim of exploring the empirical gaps and issues associated with its implementation. Six databases were used to locate relevant studies, namely IEEE, Proquest, Emerald, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus. In total, 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. Further thematic analysis of these studies revealed that issues of MyHIX implementation could be categorized into technological, organizational, environmental and human contexts.
Nutrition Research

HE Agricultural and Medical Research Councils M set up in 1969 a joint Committee ’to advise on research in the field of food and nutrition’. The first result is a 200-page book, Food and Nutrition Research, examining (very briefly) the known basic facts in the field of nutrition under some fifty headings, and outlining the outstanding problems that should be investigated. The first point to be made is that the title of the Report is in error, since it deals almost solely with nutrition, with only a small section on food additives, toxins and novel foods (despite the presence of six food scientists to four nutritionists on the Committee). In the light of our precarious food supplies there may well be a need for a parallel report dealing with food science and technology, and if so, instead of four years’ work by five working parties of 100 people and the expert advice of another 100 (with some startling omissions), advice could probably be obtained by editing the opinions of the university departments of food science and the research institutes. Nutrition covers a broad field of study ranging from food production to the eventual metabolism in the cell. Nutritionists themselves sometimes adopt different definitions, and in this instance the Committee leaned heavily towards medicine and biochemistry. The Report emphasized that many of the most difficult problems in nutrition are ultimately to be found in research at the cellular level, and the limited viewpoint of the Committee is indicated by the opening sentence of the Report where it is stated (our italics) that &dquo;the science of human nutrition is mainly concerned with defining the optimum amounts of the constituents of food necessary to achieve or maintain health . &dquo; Surely it is equally concerned with helping to satisfy these demands-with food production, processing, distribution, and preparation-and with the psychology, economics and sociology of food choice.
Efectos de las corrientes de adaptación en el procesamiento neuronal.

Diferentes procesos de adaptacion influencian la representacion de las senales incidentes a una neurona. Entre ellos, las corrientes de adaptacion conforman un importante mecanismo de ajuste de las respuestas neuronales. El efecto mas notorio de estas corrientes es su influencia central en la definicion del fenomeno conocido como adaptacion de la frecuencia de disparo, el cual involucra un re-escaleo de la ganancia de la neurona. Sin embargo, la presencia de las mismas impactan sobre otros aspectos de la representacion neuronal: la modificacion del procesamiento temporal de las senales, la redefinicion de la respuesta lineal en el dominio frecuencial, la generacion de correlaciones entre disparos en condiciones estacionarias y la reduccion en la incerteza de la representacion de senales estaticas. En este trabajo estudiamos estos fenomenos mediante descripciones adecuadas de la respuesta neuronal. En particular, en base a la utilizacion de modelos probabilistas, analizamos las caracteristicas del procesamiento temporal y espectral en presencia de mecanismos de adaptacion en neuronas aisladas, mientras que con la definicion de apropiados modelos dinamicos estocasticos, que incluyen una corriente generica de adaptacion evocada por disparos, estudiamos los aspectos mas fundamentales del tren de disparos resultante: la generacion de correlaciones entre eventos y la reduccion de la variabilidad asociada al proceso de conteo que define a un codigo de tasas.
Decision Making of Mobile Robot in the Presence of Risk on Its Surroundings

Decision Making of a Mobile Robot in the Presence of Risk in Its Surroundings. (December 2011) Sung Huh, BS, Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Reza Langari Mobile robots are used on many areas and its demand on extreme terrain, hazardous area, or life-threatening place is increasing to reduce the loss of life. A good decision making capability is essential for successful navigation of autonomous robot and it affect finding the shortest or optimal path within given condition. The wavefront algorithm is simple to apply, yet yield an optimal path for a robot to follow in many different configurations. Although the path created using wavefront algorithm is an optimal in the sense that every node has the same cost, the result is not the best result in global perspective because of the algorithm is inconsiderate on the surrounding condition. To solve this issue and create the best result on global perspective, risk factor analysis method was implemented on the wavefront algorithm to improve the performance. In this work, the relationship between the wavefront algorithm and dynamic programming will be explained to show that the wavefront algorithm obeys the principle of optimality. The simulation result displays better performance on safety, while keeping the traveling distance minimum, if the risk factor is used on the