Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Hall fields and fast magnetic reconnection

The results of large-scale, particle-in-cell simulations are presented on the role of Hall electric and magnetic fields on the structure of the electron dissipation region and outflow exhaust during the collisionless magnetic reconnection of antiparallel fields. The simulations reveal that the whistler wave plays the key role in driving the electrons away from the magnetic x-line. Further downstream the electron outflow exhaust consists of a narrow super-Alfvenic jet, which remains collimated far downstream of the x-line, flanked by a pedestal whose width increases monotonically with increasing distance downstream. The open outflow exhaust, which is required for fast reconnection in large systems, is driven by the Hall electric and magnetic fields. Finally, it is the whistler that ultimately facilitates fast reconnection by diverting the electrons flowing toward the current layer into the outflow direction and thereby limiting the length of this layer. The results are contrasted with reconnection in an el.
Association of mortality with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis, independent of comorbidity.

OBJECTIVE To measure the extent to which mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with disease severity, independent of the presence of coexistent diseases (comorbidity). METHODS We measured disease severity and comorbidity among RA patients attending scheduled appointments at a rheumatology clinic. We used the Duke Severity of Illness Checklist (DUSOI), a clinical judgment-based measure of the severity of disease. We disaggregated the DUSOI into an RA component (RADUSOI), which we used to measure RA disease severity, together with a physician-rated 10-point global RA severity assessment. We measured comorbidity using the non-RA component of the DUSOI (COMDUSOI) and using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Patients were contacted periodically for up to 6 years, during which we recorded deaths. We estimated the effect of disease severity and comorbidity on mortality using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox proportional hazards models, and logistic regression with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The sample comprised 779 patients. Followup ranged from 0.1 year to 6.3 years (mean 2.52 years), for an observation period of 2,315 patient-years. Seventy-five patients died (9.6%), for a total mortality of 3.2 per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval 2.6-4.1). Both disease severity and comorbidity displayed significant bivariate associations with mortality. In multivariate Cox models adjusted for age, sex, and disease duration, the RADUSOI and global RA severity scores were associated with mortality independent of either the COMDUSOI or Charlson Comorbidity scores. The area under the ROC curve for a logistic model on mortality increased from 0.79 with age, sex, and disease duration included, to 0.84 after adding RA severity and comorbidity (P < or = 0.005 for the increase in ROC area). CONCLUSION RA disease severity is significantly associated with mortality regardless of the presence of comorbid disease. Combined with each patient's age, sex, and disease duration, information on RA severity and comorbidity allows an accurate prediction of mortality among patients with RA.
A Novel Method of Arraying Permanent Magnets Circumferentially to Generate a Rotation Magnetic Field

An outer magnetic field is extensively applied to drive the movement of a clinic micro-robot. However, how to produce a suitable magnetic field is a complicated problem. Commonly, the drive magnetic field is generated by a combination of power coils. This paper presents a novel method that circumferentially arrays identical permanent magnets to generate a rotational magnetic field in the center area of the array circle. First, we distribute permanent magnets uniformly in a circle, and adjust each of them at a corresponding initial angle. All of the magnets rotate in the same direction synchronously, generating a constant strength and reverse rotation magnetic field in the center area of the circle. The rotation speed of the generated magnetic field equals that of the permanent magnets. We used two models to analyze the magnetic field, and did some numerical analyses. We set up a test-bed and carried out some experiments to prove the feasibility of the novel method. The method seems to have wide applicability in designing magnets to drive micro-robots for diagnosis and treatment.
EGFR and PDGFR differentially promote growth in malignant epithelioid mesothelioma of short and long term survivors

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos related tumour difficult to detect early and treat effectively. Asbestos causes genetic modifications and cell signalling events that favour the resistance of MPM to apoptosis and chemotherapy. Only a small number of patients, approximately 10%, survive more than 3 years. The aim of our study was to assess possible differences within signalling pathways between short term survivors (survival <3 years; STS) and long term survivors (survival >3 years; LTS) of MPM. Methods: 37 antibodies detecting proteins engaged in cell signalling pathways, enforcing proliferation, antiapoptosis, angiogenesis and other cellular activities were investigated by tissue microarray (TMA) technology. Results: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was expressed stronger in LTS whereas platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signalling was more abundant in STS. Expression of TIE2/Tek, a receptor for tyrosine kinases involved in angiogenesis, was differentially regulated via PDGFR and thus is more important in STS. Antiapoptosis was upregulated in STS by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)–survivin and related molecules, but not in LTS. Our study provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of signalling pathways in MPM, which differentially promote tumour growth in LTS and STS. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that small scale proteomics can be carried out by powerful linkage of TMA, immunohistochemistry and statistical methods to identify proteins which might be relevant targets for therapeutic intervention.
Gobernanza corporativa, una propuesta para el mejoramiento en la gestión administrativa y financiera en el hospital E.S.E nuestra señora del Carmen Tabio-Cundinamarca

The Department of Cundinamarca has been concerned about the administrative and financial management within hospitals, which, for the most part, do not show positive results, according to the results of the auditing issued by the Cundinamarca Comptroller's Office. The aim of this research is to verify the administrative and financial management of the E.S. E Nuestra Senora del Carmen Hospital, Tabio-Cundinamarca, and establish that the negative results in this management are due to the problems of Moral Risk and Information Asymmetry posited by the Agency Theory. To this end, a review of the auditing report issued by the Cundinamarca Comptroller's Office will be conducted with the aim of proving the above argument. The viability of presenting a proposal for the hospital according to the propositions from Corporate Governance will be verified a posteriori. To reach this aim, a review of documents and articles is conducted, in order to demonstrate that it is viable to generate a proposal of administrative and financial management improvement, as stated by said theory. It is concluded that the problems of the administrative and financial management of the E.S. E Nuestra Senora del Carmen Hospital, Tabio-Cundinamarca, are due to problems of Moral Risk, Adverse Selection and Information Asymmetries, for which it is viable to propose an administrative and financial management improvement as stated by Corporate Governance.
Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion by the Small Molecule VP-14637 via Specific Interactions with F Protein

ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections worldwide. Several novel small-molecule inhibitors of RSV have been identified, but they are still in preclinical or early clinical evaluation. One such inhibitor is a recently discovered triphenol-based molecule, VP-14637 (ViroPharma). Initial experiments suggested that VP-14637 acted early and might be an RSV fusion inhibitor. Here we present studies demonstrating that VP-14637 does not block RSV adsorption but inhibits RSV-induced cell-cell fusion and binds specifically to RSV-infected cells with an affinity corresponding to its inhibitory potency. VP-14637 is capable of specifically interacting with the RSV fusion protein expressed by a T7 vaccinia virus system. RSV variants resistant to VP-14637 were selected; they had mutations localized to two distinct regions of the RSV F protein, heptad repeat 2 (HR2) and the intervening domain between heptad repeat 1 (HR1) and HR2. No mutations arose in HR1, suggesting a mechanism other than direct disruption of the heptad repeat interaction. The F proteins containing the resistance mutations exhibited greatly reduced binding of VP-14637. Despite segregating with the membrane fraction following incubation with intact RSV-infected cells, the compound did not bind to membranes isolated from RSV-infected cells. In addition, binding of VP-14637 was substantially compromised at temperatures of ≤22°C. Therefore, we propose that VP-14637 inhibits RSV through a novel mechanism involving an interaction between the compound and a transient conformation of the RSV F protein.
A miniaturized antenna with optimum q-factor and high NFD for UWB microwave imaging

─ This paper presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) micro-strip patch antenna design for microwave breast phantom imaging system. By optimizing the shape of radiating elements, the antenna achieves UWB characteristics with excellent frequency ratio. The antenna was fabricated and tested in both time and frequency domain analysis. Sufficient agreement between the simulated and measured data was observed. The antenna achieves a wider bandwidth of 8.2 GHz (2.5 GHz to 11.2 GHz) with good gain and radiation pattern. The antenna has optimum design comparing to the theoretical Qfactor and the near field directivity (NFD) is also observed. Effective near-field microwave breast phantom measurement systems with an array of 9 UWB antennas is proposed and the performance is tested with and without tumor cells inside the breast phantom. The backward scattered signals analysis shows that the presence of tumor with higher dielectric constant than normal cells. Thus, the proposed antenna can be a good candidate for microwave breast tumor detection. Index Terms ─ Antenna array, backscattering, microwave breast imaging, NFD, UWB antenna.
Brief report: self-care behaviors of children with type 1 diabetes living in Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE To examine self-care behaviors among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes living in Puerto Rico, to determine the relationship between self-care and demographic variables, and to investigate the utility of the 24-hour recall interview within a Hispanic population. METHOD Forty-one children (M age = 12.6 years) with type 1 diabetes, and their mothers, were administered the 24-hour recall interview on three separate occasions to assess diabetes-related self-care behaviors. RESULTS Children reported self-care behaviors that included daily administration of an average of two insulin injections and two blood glucose tests, and consumption of 5.5 meals a day comprised of 52% carbohydrates and 29% fat. Younger age, female gender, longer illness duration, and better metabolic control were associated with higher rates of several self-care behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Data provide a first look at self-care behaviors of children with type 1 diabetes living in Puerto Rico and suggest the utility of the 24-hour recall interview within this population.
SUN-139 Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates among Pediatric Diabetics

Abstract Since 1997 it has been recommended by the CDC that pediatric patients over the age of two with certain chronic illnesses, including diabetes mellitus, receive 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in addition to the PCV7/PCV13 primary series given to all children (1). This recommendation is attributable to the need to prevent invasive pneumococcal infection in these susceptible populations. School aged children are frequently colonized with Streptococcus pneumonia bacteria (2), and those with diabetes are at a greater risk of developing serious pneumococcal infections (3). There is some evidence in the international literature suggesting a lack of compliance with this guideline (4). Our aim was to assess the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination rate among a cohort of diabetic patients in our pediatric endocrinology clinic. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all diabetic patients seen at the pediatric endocrinology clinic in Staten Island, New York between the ages of 2-20. We excluded those who had no follow up for 1 year. We collected data including age of diagnosis, type of diabetes, and vaccination records. Vaccine records were obtained from the New York Citywide Immunization Registry (CIR). Out of all the diabetics in our clinic, 126 charts met eligibility criteria. Of the 126 patients, 105 had type 1 diabetes mellitus, 14 were type 2, and 7 were other (including MODY and secondary to other underlying conditions). The type 1 diabetics had the lowest mean age of diagnosis of 7 years, compared with mean age of 12 years for the other two groups. Of the 126 patients, only 3.2% (95% CI: 0.9% , 7.9%) were found to have received the PPSV23, all type 1 diabetics. Our results show a poor rate of PPSV23 vaccination among pediatric patients with diabetes. Additionally, as the age of diagnosis is lowest in type 1 diabetics, most type 1 diabetics have a longer period of exposure to potentially serious pneumococcal infections. Thus, it is imperative that all diabetics, especially type 1 diabetics, receive the vaccine as early as possible following diagnosis for optimal protection. Our findings, in combination with the limited additional pediatric literature published to date, suggest that these low vaccination rates are likely generalizable to other geographic regions as well as other chronic illnesses in which children have increased susceptibility to pneumococcal disease (5, 6). Given these results, we recommend endocrinologists and pediatricians alike take steps to ensure adherence to the PPSV23 recommendations. References: 1) MMWRMorb MortalWkly Rep. 2010; 59 (RR-11). 2) Principi N et al. HumanVacc Imm. 2016; 12 (2): 293-300. 3) Seminog OO, Goldarce MJ. Diabetic Med. 2013; 30(12):1412-9. 4) Wolkers PCB et al. Rev EscEnferm USP. 2017; 51:e03249. 5) Harris JG et al. Pediatrics. 2015 Sep; 136(3):e681-6. 6) Sainato R et al. Clin Pediatr. 2017 Jun; 56(6):512-518.
The Effect of Supplementary Aspergillus niger Phytase in Diets for Pigs on Concentration and Apparent Digestibility of Dry Matter , Total Phosphorus , and Phytic Acid in Different Sections of the Alimentary Tract '

Six barrows of approximately 37 kg BW, fitted with two simple T-cannulas in the duodenum (25 cm posterior to the pylorus) and terminal ileum (12 to 15 cm anterior to the ileocecal junction), were fed two diets containing 2.1 g of P/kg in the form of phytic acid and a low intrinsic phytase activity (comsoybean meal based diet [Diet AI or a typical Dutch diet [Diet BI) without or with supplementary microbial phytase from Aspergillus niger (var. ficuuml equal to 1,500 phytase units per kilogram of diet, in a crossover design. The apparent duodenal, ileal, and total tract (overall) digestibilities of DM, total P, and phytate P (phytic acid x .282) were calculated using both Cr-NDR (neutral detergent residue mordanted with Cr) and Co-EDTA as dual-phase markers. Concentration of total P in the ileal digesta (P e .01) and feces (P c .0011 of pigs fed microbial phytase was lower than without this enzyme, irrespective of the diet. Ileal digestibility of total P was 18.5 and 29.8 percentage units higher (which was a 1.7to 2.9-fold increase) due to added Aspergillus niger phytase (P e .05). Also, total tract (overall) digestibility increased by 27.0 to 29.7 percentage units (P e .011. Phytic acid concentration in the duodenal and ileal digesta of pigs receiving microbial phytase was lower (P e .01 or .0011, resulting in its higher ileal digestibility (dephosphorylation rate) by 50.1 percentage units for Diet A and by 75.4 percentage units for Diet B. Irrespective of the treatment, no phytase activity could be detected in the ileal digesta of pigs.
Texture classification via morphological scale-space: Tex-Mex features

We consider the problem of classifying textures. First, we consider images where the orientation of the texture is known. Then, we consider the classification of textures where the orientation is unknown. Last, classification in real scenes is considered. A wide variety of techniques are tested using the Outex framework. We introduce a new grayscale multiscale texture classification method based on a class of morphological filters called sieves. The method, denoted Tex-Mex because it extracts TEXture features using Morphological EXtrema filters, is shown to be among the best performing texture feature extraction methods. Tex-Mex features can be computed rapidly and are shown to be more robust and compact than the alternatives. Furthermore, they may be applied over windows of arbitrary size and orientation, a useful attribute when classifying texture in real scenes.
The Evolution of Knowledge Organization and the Emergence of a Platform for Innovation in the Car Industry

The paper aims at explaining the changes in how economic actors and their organizations acquire and coordinate innovative and productive capabilities. Using the illustrative evidence from organizational change in the automobile industry in Piedmont over the last 50 years, the paper describes how transformations in the structure of interactions between firms are steered by changes in the pattern of specialization and differentiation in the capabilities and technological skills of economic actors. The system is characterized by the emergence of a platform for the coordination of productive and technological activities, which can be seen as a major change in the organization of innovation in the system.
A stereological analysis of the cerebellar granule and purkinje cells of 30‐day‐old and adult rats undernourished during early postnatal life

Male rats undernourished from birth to 30 days of age were nutritionally rehabilitated till 160 days of age. Quantitative stereological procedures at the light microscope level were used to estimate, among other things, the numerical densities of cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells on a “per unit volume of cortex” basis. These were subsequently used to calculate granule‐to‐Purkinje cell ratios.
Constituance et phrasé prosodique en français : une étude perceptive. (Prosodic constituency and phrasing in French: a perception study)[In French]

L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer l’organisation du phrasé prosodique en français. Il n’existe pas de consensus clair sur le nombre de niveaux nécessaires pour refléter la hiérarchie prosodique de la langue. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons une étude perceptive, via un corpus de parole contrôlée manipulant des structures syntaxiques ambiguës, où 27 participants ont effectué 3 tâches de perception : proéminence, frontière et groupement. Nos résultats montrent une utilisation privilégiée des indices de frontières dans le marquage des groupes prosodiques. Plus précisément, on observe que les auditeurs sont capables de percevoir des niveaux de granularité de frontières plus fins que ce que les descriptions traditionnelles du français prédisent. Par ailleurs, les résultats de la tâche de proéminence montrent que l’accent initial est toujours perçu plus fort que l’accent final, et ce dès les niveaux les plus bas de la hiérarchie.
Reverse Genetics for the Control of Avian Influenza

Abstract Avian influenza viruses are major contributors to viral disease in poultry as well as humans. Outbreaks of high-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses cause high mortality in poultry, resulting in significant economic losses. The potential of avian influenza viruses to reassort with human strains resulted in global pandemics in 1957 and 1968, while the introduction of an entirely avian virus into humans claimed several lives in Hong Kong in 1997. Despite considerable research, the mechanisms that determine the pathogenic potential of a virus or its ability to cross the species barrier are poorly understood. Reverse genetics methods, i.e., methods that allow the generation of an influenza virus entirely from cloned cDNAs, have provided us with one means to address these issues. In addition, reverse genetics is an excellent tool for vaccine production and development. This technology should increase our preparedness for future influenza virus outbreaks.
Photocatalyst based on TiO2 and its application in organic wastewater treatment using simple spray method

In present research, we reported a successfully coating of TiO2 particle on the transparent plastic applied for photocatalyst process by spray method. This method was employed to degrade organic wastewater (Methylene Blue) under solar exposure. A total of 300 ml of blue methylene was used in the photocatalyst test. From the absorbance spectrum and the degradation rate of methylene blue, it is confirmed that the methylene blue successfully degraded about 98% in 16 hours of irradiation. The result suggests a faster rate of degradation than previously reported studies. This method was selected due to its simplicity, environmentally friendly, reasonably priced, and has the potential to continue to be developed further.
2 Holonomy and supersymmetry

The number of M-theory vacuum supersymmetries, 0 ≤ n ≤ 32, is given by the number of singlets appearing in the decomposition of the 32 of SL(32, R) under H ⊂ SL(32, R) where H is the holonomy group of the generalized connection which incorporates non-vanishing 4-form. Here we compute this generalized holonomy for the n = 16 examples of the M2-brane, M5-brane, M-wave, M-monopole, for a variety of their n = 8 intersections and also for the n > 16 pp waves. Research supported in part by DOE Grant DE-FG02-95ER40899. abat@umich.edu mduff@umich.edu jimliu@umich.edu wenw@umich.edu
Evolution of a distributed, real-time, object-based operating system

In this paper, we discuss the architecture of MK, its salient features and the evolution of MK from its multi-user, timesharing origins. MK targets a much broader class of applications than typical real-time executives so it must provide more sophisticated functionality than the typical real-time OS (RTOS). In addition to standard features such as pre-emptive scheduling and resource partitioning, MK is designed as a multi-level collection of frameworks that separate mechanisms from policies at each level of abstraction and enable mission specific customization. MK also provides innovative kernel abstractions such as trans-node, migrating threads and "paths", which greatly enhance both the "composibility" of the system and its ability to support a variety of end-to-end Qualities of Services.
Approaching Fifty Years : Is it Retiring Early in Australia ?

This paper tests empirically the Balassa-Samuelson (BS) hypothesis using annual data for Australia. We applied the ARDL cointegration technique developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) and found evidence of a significant long-run relationship between real exchange rate and Australia-US productivity differential during the period of 1950-2003. We found that a one per cent increase in labour productivity in Australia relative to the US will lead to 5.6 per cent appreciation in the real exchange rate of Australia. We suspect that the elasticity coefficient is “over-estimated” due to the exclusion of relevant explanatory variables. The dynamics and the determinants of the real exchange rate movements are numerous; they include terms of trade, interest rate differentials, net foreign liabilities among others along with labour productivity differential.