Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMC DIAGNOSIS AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SILICON STRIP TRACKER DETECTORS

The tracker sub-system is one of the five sub-detectors of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment under construction at CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator. The tracker subdetector is designed to reconstruct tracks of charged sub-atomic particles generated after collisions. The tracker system processes analogue signals from 10 million channels distributed across 14000 silicon micro-strip detectors. It is designed to process signals of a few nA and digitize them at 40 MHz. The overall sub-detector is embedded in a high particle radiation environment and a magnetic field of 4 Tesla. The evaluation of the electromagnetic immunity of the system is very important to optimize the performance of the tracker sub-detector and the whole CMS experiment. This paper presents the EMC diagnosis of the CMS silicon tracker sub-detector. Immunity tests were performed using the final prototype of the Silicon Tracker End-Caps (TEC) system to estimate the sensitivity of the system to conducted noise, evaluate the weakest areas of the system and take corrective actions before the integration of the overall detector. This paper shows the results of one of those tests, that is the measurement and analysis of the immunity to CM external conducted noise perturbations.
Qualitative Study of Nonlinear Parabolic Equations: an introduction

Before making explicit the structural assumptions on the data b,A, f, h and u0 let us mention some important special examples. Perhaps the simpler example isthe linear heat equation ut −∆u = f. (1) So, b(s) = s,A(x, u, ξ) = ξ and g ≡ 0. This is a typical example of linear partial differential equation of parabolic type usually considered in undergraduate courses (see, e.g., John [31]). A modern treatment starts by introducing the notion of weak solution or by its reformulation as an abstract Cauchy problem on a Banach space    du dt (t) + Au(t) = f(t), u(0) = u0, ∗Partially sponsored by the DGES (Spain), project REN2000-0766.
Release of Arsenic from Minerals to the Water Phase

Severe and widespread contamination by arsenic(As) in groundwater and drinking water has been recently revealed in rural and sub-urban areas of the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi with similar magnitude as observed in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. This fact has prompted the need to investigate the possible mechanisms for such widespread contamination and develop suitable techniques for lowering As concentrations in water supply. In the present study, laboratory-scale experiments were performed to assess the possible release of As from solid phase into water phase under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Various chemical equilibria governing the speciation of different ions in the water phase and in alluvial sediments are discussed. Under anaerobic conditions, the release of As seems to be closely related to the content of MnO2 in sediments, the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) and the formed sulfur content. Elevated MnO2 content may inhibit the release of As to groundwater. The reduction of As concentrations in water phases could be due to the formation of Fe2AsS or AsH3. In aerobic conditions, the hydrothermal oxidation process was proposed as a plausible mechanism of release of As from As-rich mineral surfaces to water phases. In acidic conditions, As concentrations increased due to the more effective release from mineral surfaces. In neutral medium (pH ≈ 7), As release was less efficient, which could be due to the co-precipitation onto ferric hydroxide. The possible mechanisms suggested in this study may be useful to explain the elevated contamination of As in surface waters of upstream sections of rivers in mountain areas in northern Vietnam and in underground water of River deltas and are critical for moving to the next stage in developing suitable techniques for lowering As concentrations in groundwater and drinking water in Vietnam.
Credential Changes and Education Earnings Premia in Australia

Post-school education earnings premia have remained strikingly stable over the 1981 to 2003–2004 period in Australia. This stability contrasts sharply with the rising college premium observed in the USA. The observed stability in Australia may in part be due to changes in the credentials earned by individuals entering certain professional occupations (especially nursing and teaching) during the period, particularly for women. We construct an estimate of the potential effect of within-occupation credential changes on estimates of education earnings premia in Australia over time.
Effect of potassium simplex optimization medium (KSOM) and embryo screening on the production of human lactoferrin transgenic cloned dairy goats

In this study, we produced cloned transgenic dairy goat based on dairy goat ear skin fibroblast as donor cells for nuclear transfer (NT), which were modified by human lactoferrin ( hLF ) gene. The developmental competence of NT embryos was compared with either between different embryo culture medium, potassium simplex optimization medium (KSOM) and tissue culture medium (TCM 199), or different classification of NT embryos (48 h after fusion). First we cultured NT embryos to cleavage stage (48 h after fusion) by TCM 199 supplemented with 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin BSA and KSOM, then used TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FBS to culture them to blastula stage. The results show that the NT embryos in KSOM (19.5%) were superior to TCM 199 (10.6%) in blastulation. In the second experiment, we found that the growth rate of NT embryos (48 h after fusion) was different, then we divided them into four groups: 2-cell, 3- to 4-cell, 5- to 8-cell and >8-cell in stereo microscope and cultured them in vitro respectively. The results show day-2 embryos at 3-4cell and 5-8cell stage (31.9 and 28.2%, P 8-cell (8.3%) stage, and finally three healthy cloned transgenic goat were successfully produced using 3-8 cell embryos at Day-2 (82%). Using Hoechst 33342 staining, we also found that the >8 cells embryos at Day- 2 demonstrated higher frequency of fragmentation, which may be the one cause of the low blastocyst formation rate. This study therefore demonstrates that KSOM medium could be selected as the early embryo culture medium, and 3-8 cell embryos at day-2 (48 h after fusion) may be the suitable embryos for transplantation, which could reduce the nuclei fragmentation and result in good quality blastocysts that may also enhance the efficiency of transgenic cloned dairy goats production, as well as decrease the economic loss due to embryonic mortality when embryos are transferred to synchronized recipients. Key words: Nuclear transfer, KSOM, transgenic, human lactoferrin, dairy goat.
Uncertainties in atmospheric dispersion modelling and source determination

In the context of the verification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty based on the radionuclide monitoring network and atmospheric dispersion modelling, the uncertainties inherent to the model results and their appreciation in the interpretation process can be a highly critical matter. However, the issue of uncertainties in atmospheric dispersion modelling has so far been addressed by the scientific community in rather general terms only, and we are still far from established practices. This contributions presents a list of sources of uncertainty in dispersion modelling and the subsequent source determination together with preliminary ideas how they might be quantified in an operational context.1
Intelligent Algorithm of Optimal Allocation of Test Resource Based on Imperfect Debugging and Non-homogeneous Poisson Process

Based on non-homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP), by a combination of imperfect debugging in the testing stage and introducing wrong model, the optimal distribution expression and constraint conditions of test resources are derived in this paper, and due to the NP-hard nature of this problem, so we introduce the intelligent algorithm. By a combination of basic intelligent algorithms of GA, SA and CS, the algorithms of GA-CSA and GA-SA are put forward in this paper, which are also compared with each other concerning the efficiency of solving the problem. In terms of optimal degree and convergence rate of solutions, the effect of GA-CSA is the best and the effect of GA-SA is the second, the effect of GA is equivalent to that of SA, the effect of the latter two algorithms is lower than that of the former two algorithms. The experiment result has proved that our optimal mathematical deduction of test resources is correct and the intelligent algorithm is effective.
The Characteristics of n- and p-Channel Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors with Fully Ni-Salicided S/D and Gate Structure

n- and p-channel poly-Si thin-film transistors with fully Ni-self-aligned silicided (fully Ni-salicided) source/drain (S/D) and gate structure (n- and p-channel FUSA-TFTs) have been successfully fabricated on a 40 nm thick channel layer. The conventional poly-Si gate is replaced by the fully Ni-silicided gate, and the parasitic S/D resistance of the FUSA-TFTs is significantly reduced by the fully Ni-silicided S/D structure. The fully Ni-salicidation process is executed at a low temperature of 500°C for a short rapid thermal annealing time. Experimental results show that the FUSA-TFTs give increased on/off current ratio, improved subthreshold characteristics, less threshold voltage roll-off, lower parasitic S/D resistance, higher gate capacitance, and larger field-effect mobility than conventional TFTs. The FUSA-TFTs effectively suppress the floating-body effect and parasitic bipolar junction transistor action. The characteristics of the FUSA-TFTs are suitable for three-dimensional integration applications and high performance driver circuits in the active-matrix liquid crystal displays.
NMR studies of Q n structural units in metasilicate glasses and their nucleating ability

The purpose of this work is to verify the possible existence of a relationship between the similarity of the local structure of the network-forming cation Si4 (Qn units and chemical shifts) in glasses and isochemical crystals and the nucleating ability of these glasses. Four metasilicate glasses with widely dierent volume nucleation rates: Na2Ca2Si3O9 and Na4CaSi3O9 (very large), CaSiO3 (intermediate) and CaMgSi2O6 (undetectably small) were chosen. We present magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS±NMR) data for Na2Ca2Si3O9 and Na4CaSi3O9 glasses and for their respective isochemical crystalline phases for the ®rst time. Additionally, we repeat NMR measurements of glasses and crystals previously studied by other authors (CaSiO3 and CaMgSi2O6) to test the consistency of our experimental techniques and method of analysis. Dierent central chemical shifts of Q resonances in parent glasses and their isochemical crystals were measured, indicating structural dierences. The relative amount of Qn groups in each glass was obtained from the deconvolution of the Si MAS±NMR spectra. The shape of the Qn distribution for each system was considered as a measure of the similarity of the connectivities of SiO4 tetrahedra in each glass with respect to its isochemical crystal (which has only Q groups). A correlation was found between the shape of the Qn distribution and the nucleation tendency of these glasses, indicating that similarities between the tetrahedra connectivities in glass and isochemical crystal has a role in determining the internal nucleation tendency of the metasilicate glasses studied. Ó 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacteria: Future Prospect

Cyanobacteria are often called "blue-green algae", this name is convenient for talking about organisms in water that make their own food, but does not reflect any relationship between the cyanobacteria and other organisms called algae. Cyanobacteria are relatives to bacteria, not eukaryotes, and it is only the chloroplast in eukaryotic algae to which cya‐ nobacteria are related. Some cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic, that is, they live in water, and can manufacture their own food. They are quite small and usually uni‐ cellular, though they often grow in colonies large enough to see. In fact, it may surprise you then to know that the cyanobacteria are still around; they are one of the largest and most important groups of bacteria on earth (Berry et al, 2008). The great contribution of cyanobacteria is the origin of plants chloroplast with which plants make food for them‐ selves is actually a cyanobacterium living within the plant's cells. Sometime in the late Proterozoic or in the early Cambrian, cyanobacteria began to take up residence within certain eukaryote cells, making food for the eukaryote host in return for a home. This event is known as endosymbiosis, and is also the origin of eukaryotic mitochondrion (Is‐ sa et al., 2002). Majority of cyanobacteria are aerobic photoautotrophs, their life processes require only water, carbon dioxide, inorganic substances and light. Photosynthesis is their principal mode of energy metabolism. In the natural environment, however, it is known that some species are able to survive long periods in complete darkness. Furthermore, cer‐ tain cyanobacteria show a distinct ability for heterotrophic nutrition (Fay, 1965). Cyano‐ bacteria might be the first plants to colonies bare areas of rock and soil. Adaptations, such as ultraviolet absorbing sheath pigments, increase their fitness in the relatively exposed land environment. Many species are capable of living in soil and other terrestrial habi‐ tats, where they are important in the functional processes of ecosystems and cycling of nutrient elements (Whitton, 1992). The prominent habitats of cyanobacteria are limnic and
SUPER-RESOLUTION BASED IMAGE INPAINTING

This paper introduces a new examplar-based inpainting framework. A coarse version of the input image is first inpainted by a non-parametric patch sampling. Compared to existing approaches, some improvements have been done (e.g. filling order computation, combination of K nearest neighbours). The inpainted of a coarse version of the input image allows to reduce the computational complexity, to be less sensitive to noise and to work with the dominant orientations of image structures. From the low-resolution inpainted image, a single-image super-resolution is applied to recover the details of missing areas. By sample of a non- parametric patch makes blur image which was given as input initially is goes in painted. When compared to previous approaches, some features have been improved. The in painted of a blur version of the input image permits to decrease the computational complexity, to be low sensitive to sound and to operate with the image structures dominant orientations. In painted image moulds from the low- resolution to a single-image which is super-resolution one and that is used to backup the data of areas which are missing. The outputs of researches on natural texture synthesis and images explain the effectiveness of the proposed system
Natural iron fertilization by the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption

Aerosol deposition from the 2010 eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull resulted in significant dissolved iron (DFe) inputs to the Iceland Basin of the North Atlantic. Unique ship‐board measurements indicated strongly enhanced DFe concentrations (up to 10 nM) immediately under the ash plume. Bioassay experiments performed with ash collected at sea under the plume also demonstrated the potential for associated Fe release to stimulate phytoplankton growth and nutrient drawdown. Combining Fe dissolution measurements with modeled ash deposition suggested that the eruption had the potential to increase DFe by >0.2 nM over an area of up to 570,000 km2. Although satellite ocean color data only indicated minor increases in phytoplankton abundance over a relatively constrained area, comparison of in situ nitrate concentrations with historical records suggested that ash deposition may have resulted in enhanced major nutrient drawdown. Our observations thus suggest that the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption resulted in a significant perturbation to the biogeochemistry of the Iceland Basin.
ITEP-TWAC RENEWAL AND UPGRADING PROGRAM

The ITEP-TWAC facility has been put out of operation this year as a result of some equipment damage by the fire, so the program of machine renewal and its equipment upgrading for accelerated beams parameters improvement and experimental area expansion is now under processing and development. Main items of this program and status of machine restoration activity are presented.
Coordination des politiques budgétaires dans une union monétaire au taux plancher

Following the 2008 financial crisis, euro area governments faced adverse economic environments: high ratios of public debt to GDP, depressed outputs and the prospect of monetary policy hitting the zero lower bound (ZLB). This article assesses to what extent the conduct of fiscal policy differs within a monetary union at the ZLB. Using a fiscal DSGE model with two regions (North and South) calibrated to replicate the conditions where, absent any additional shock, the Euro Area economy would have been stuck at the ZLB for three years starting in 2013, we show that cross‐border spillovers from fiscal policy are substantially higher without monetary offset and increase with the extent of fiscal consolidation measures. Spillovers can amount up to half (resp. one sixth) of the domestic impact in the case of VAT‐based (resp. spending‐based) consolidations. Outside the ZLB, fiscal expansion in one region triggers monetary tightening which has negative effect in the whole union, and gives rise to gains from fiscal cooperation. At the ZLB however, national objectives tend to be closer and the coordinated policy is less conso‐ lidating. Moreover, cooperation encourages symmetric rather than asymmetric policies. Codes JEL / JEL Classification : E10, E61, E62, F45 Mots clés : modèle DSGE, union monétaire, taux plancher, politique budgétaire, coordination
FİRMA DEĞERİNİN FİNANSAL BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ

Bu calismanin amaci, firma degerini etkileyen finansal degiskenlerin tespit edilmesidir. Belirtilen amac dogrultusunda, 2007.Q1-2014.Q4 doneminde hisse senetleri Borsa Istanbul’da islem goren (secilmis) imalat firmalarindan olusan bir orneklem uzerinde, faktor ve coklu regresyon analizleri yapilmaktadir. Elde edilen ampirik bulgular; buyume ve buyukluk ile iliskili degiskenlerin firma degerini istatistiksel olarak pozitif, kârlilik degiskeninin ise negatif yonde etkiledigini gostermektedir. Modele dâhil edilen likidite, borclanma ve faaliyet etkinligi ile iliskili diger degiskenlerin ise, firma degeri uzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir etkisi bulunmamaktadir.
Software Platforms for Internet of Things and M2M

The technologies and applications consolidated under the vision of Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine Communications (M2M) are attracting the interest of businesses and poised to trigger next disruption in Information & Communication Technology (ICT) applications. The domain specific solutions involving sensors, mobile phones and other devices are maturing to integrate in a generic ICT services paradigm. Architecture for a unified horizontal services platform is emerging. This paper surveys important trends, key requirements, evolving technologies and emerging solutions for such a software platform for IoT and M2M services.
Visions and Revisions

Discourse and paragraph : Visions and revisions Sub Title 談話とパラグラフ : 談話構造における写像の問題 Author 大堀, 俊夫(Ohori, Toshio) 高橋, 悦子(Takahashi, Etsuko) 山田, あき(Yamada, Aki) 柳谷, 啓子(Yanagiya, Keiko) Publisher 慶應義塾大学藝文学会 Publication year 1986 Jtitle 藝文研究 (The geibun-kenkyu : journal of arts and letters). Vol.48, (1986. 3) ,p.2815 Abstract Notes Genre Journal Article URL https://koara.lib. keio.ac. jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php? koara_id=AN00072643-0048000 1-0231
Assessing the Value Relevance of Accounting Data after the Introduction of IFRS in Europe

Since 2005, European-listed companies have been required to prepare their consolidated financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We examine whether value relevance increased following the introduction of IFRS, using a sample of 3,721 companies listed on five European stock exchanges: Frankfurt, Madrid, Paris, London, and Milan. We find mixed evidence of an increase in value relevance. However, the influence of earnings on share price increased following the introduction of IFRS in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, while the influence of book value of equity decreased (except for the United Kingdom).
Trade liberalisation, competitiveness and the real exchange rate (RER): An analysis of developments in South Africa during the 1990s

This paper tests whether tariff liberalisation has lead to increased competitiveness in the South African economy. The 46 sectors of the South African economy are classified as exportable, importable, importable and exportable and non-tradable. The impact of trade liberalisation on domestic prices for importables and exportables is then assessed by making use of real exchange rate calculations. It is concluded that while increased globalisation of production processes in South Africa may have improved the competitiveness of the tradable sector, tariff liberalisation played a minimal role in improving competitiveness in the manufacturing sector. JEL F13, 31 Extensive trade (tariff) liberalisation was implemented in South Africa during the 1990s. The primary motivation for this liberalisation policy was to improve competitiveness. A hypothesis that warrants further testing in the South African context is whether tariff liberalisation has led to increased competitiveness? This hypothesis informs the analysis in this paper. One way of assessing the effects of trade liberalisation is to consider its impact on the domestic prices for importables and exportables (Dijkstra, 1997: 8). This paper uses real exchange rate (RER) calculations based on the relative prices of exportables and importables to non-tradables to analyse the impact of tariff liberalisation on competitiveness during the 1990s.
Infinitesimal and square-zero extensions of simplicial algebras

We introduce the notions of infinitesimal extension and square-zero extension in the context of simplicial commutatie algebras. We next investigate their mutual relationship and we show that the Postnikov tower of a simplicial commutative algebra is built out of square-zero extensions. We conclude the notes with two applications: we give connectivity estimates for the cotangent complex and we show how obstructions can be seen as deformations over simplicial rings.