Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological characteristics of serrated polyps as precursors to colorectal cancer: Current status and management

Serrated polyps have long been thought to lack malignant potential in the human colorectum. However, identification of the serrated pathway to colorectal cancer based on molecular biology has improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of colorectal cancers. Accordingly, serrated polyps such as traditional serrated adenoma and sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/P) are now considered to be precursor lesions of the serrated pathway. Recently, serrated polyps were classified into three subtypes, consisting of hyperplastic polyp, SSA/P, and traditional serrated adenoma, according to the World Health Organization classification. It has been suggested that SSA/P in the proximal colon are a precursor lesion of pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and are characterized by BRAF mutation and a CpG island methylator phenotype with or without microsatellite instability. However, SSA/P is more challenging to detect by colonoscopy and is likely to account for some interval cancers, particularly in the proximal colon because it presents flat or sessile, isochroous appearance, and occasionally has a mucous cap. Furthermore, the possibility has been raised that pathologists misclassify SSA/P as hyperplastic polyp. It is important for gastroenterologists to recognize the endoscopic features of serrated polyps to facilitate their detection and removal and also to establish postpolypectomy surveillance guidelines. In this review, we discuss the recent classification of serrated polyps; the molecular characteristics of the serrated pathway; appropriate diagnostic methods using endoscopy, including a new image‐enhanced endoscopic technique; and management of these lesions.
A molecular mechanics study of morphologic interaction between graphene and Si nanowires on a SiO 2 substrate

We study the morphologic interaction between graphene and Si nanowires on a SiO2 substrate, using molecular mechanics simulations. Two cases are considered: (1) a graphene nanoribbon intercalated by a single Si nanowire on a SiO2 substrate and (2) a blanket graphene flake intercalated by an array of Si nanowires evenly patterned in parallel on a SiO2 substrate. Various graphene morphologies emerge from the simulation results of these two cases, which are shown to depend on both geometric parameters (e.g., graphene nanoribbon width, nanowire diameter, and nanowire spacing) and material properties (e.g., graphene-nanowire and graphene-substrate bonding strength). While the quantitative results at the atomistic resolution in this study can be further used to determine the change of electronic properties of graphene under morphologic regulation, the qualitative understandings from this study can be extended to help exploring graphene morphology in other material systems.
Flexible Frequency Discrimination Subsystems for Reconfigurable Radio Front Ends

The required flexibility of the software-defined radio front end may currently be met with better overall performance by employing tunable narrowband circuits rather than pursuing a truly wideband approach. A key component of narrowband transceivers is appropriate filtering to reduce spurious spectral content in the transmitter and limit out-of-band interference in the receiver. In this paper, recent advances in flexible, frequency-selective, circuit components applicable to reconfigurable SDR front ends are reviewed. The paper contains discussion regarding the filtering requirements in the SDR context and the use of intelligent, adaptive control to provide environment-aware frequency discrimination. Wide tuning-range frequency-selective circuit elements are surveyed including bandpass and bandstop filters and narrowband tunable antennas. The suitability of these elements to the mobile wireless SDR environment is discussed.
Theory of magnetic and structural ordering in iron.

Abstract : In this letter we assess the accuracy of the LSDA in describing the magnetic and structural ordering in 3d transition metals, based on total energy calculations for fcc and bcc iron as a function of volume and type of magnetic order. The local spin density approximation (LSDA) in describing the magnetic and structural ordering in iron is tested based on a series of total energy calculations using the general potential LAPW (linearized augmented plane wave) method. We find that ferromagnetism is stable in the bcc phase, while antiferromagnetism, which is degenerate with the nonmagnetic state, is stable in the fcc phase. However, our results show that the fcc phase is 867 K lower in energy than the bcc phase, which indicates a fundamental deficiency of LSDA in describing the magnetic interactions in transition metals.
Cataract Surgery Among Veterans 65 Years of Age and Older: Analysis of National Veterans Health Administration Databases

The authors examine the rates of cataract surgery as a crude measure of appropriateness of care among veterans 65 years of age and older who use Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Data were obtained from the national VHA data sets for fiscal years 2000 through 2007, using International Classification of Diseases codes and the American Medical Association’s Current Procedural Terminology codes. Cataract surgery was expressed as procedures per 10 000 veteran beneficiaries per fiscal year. The annual incidence of cataract surgery increased marginally over the study period with an average annual incidence of 105.8 surgeries per 10 000 beneficiaries. Institutional rates of VHA surgery differ substantially from those of Medicare beneficiaries, which are approximately 5.5-fold greater. Although direct comparison must be interpreted cautiously, the difference is too great to be explained by demographic factors or secular trends in surgery. Additional research is required to elucidate factors that influence the rate of cataract surgery in the VHA.
Data Mining and Computationally intensive methods: Summary of Group 7 contributions to Genetic Analysis Workshop 13

The Framingham Heart Study data, as well as a related simulated data set, were generously provided to the participants of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 in order that newly developed and emerging statistical methodologies could be tested on that well‐characterized data set. The impetus driving the development of novel methods is to elucidate the contributions of genes, environment, and interactions between and among them, as well as to allow comparison between and validation of methods. The seven papers that comprise this group used data‐mining methodologies (tree‐based methods, neural networks, discriminant analysis, and Bayesian variable selection) in an attempt to identify the underlying genetics of cardiovascular disease and related traits in the presence of environmental and genetic covariates. Data‐mining strategies are gaining popularity because they are extremely flexible and may have greater efficiency and potential in identifying the factors involved in complex disorders. While the methods grouped together here constitute a diverse collection, some papers asked similar questions with very different methods, while others used the same underlying methodology to ask very different questions. This paper briefly describes the data‐mining methodologies applied to the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 data sets and the results of those investigations. Genet Epidemiol 25 (Suppl. 1):S57–S63, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Engineering, Concepts and Video Clips

Nowadays there is a huge diversity of multimedia tools available for helping to make concepts more easily and objectively understood. Such tools may be instrumental in science and technology for establishing very suggestive connections between theoretical models and the corresponding real life phenomena. An effective use of these tools in the form of short video clips linking experimental laboratory evidence with natural events is illustrated in this work.
Bone marrow transplantation from unrelated volunteer donors: summary of a conference on scientific, ethical, legal, financial, and other practical issues

JEFFREY McCULLOUGH, M.D. f o r the fo l lowing conference par t ic ipants : FRITZ H. BACH, M.D., PETER C O C C I A , M.D, P A T R I C I A CRISHAM, R.N. , Ph.D., MICHAEL OARDIS, JOHN DIEHL, JAMES GOEKEN, M.D., NANCY GOEKEN, M.D., ROBERT GRAVES, D.V.M., JOHN HANSEN, M.D., JOHN KERSEY. M.D., MARGARET McELLIGOTT, S.B. B. , JAY MENITOVE, M.D., HAROLD T. MERYMAN, M.D., GLENN RODEY, M.D., S. GERALO SANDLER, M.D., PHYLLIS WARKENTIN, M.D.
Implementing Diagnostic Reasoning to Differentiate Todd's Paralysis From Acute Ischemic Stroke

Emergency department clinicians with limited resources are relied upon to deliver safe and timely patient care. Clinicians rely on cognitive biases such as anchoring, availability, and premature closure based on experience and quick mental algorithms to streamline medical data and arrive at a diagnosis. Although this is a time-saving and efficient method in the management of uncomplicated illnesses, it can result in a wrong diagnosis when managing patients with complicated presentations such as a stroke or a stroke mimic. Two conditions that present similarly, making it difficult to differentiate between them, are Todd's paralysis (a stroke mimic seen in selected patients with epilepsy) and acute ischemic stroke. However, by clinical reasoning, clinicians can formulate an accurate diagnosis while avoiding diagnostic biases. Incorporating clinical reasoning into the diagnostic process consists of gathering pertinent data, performing a diagnostic time-out, and arriving at a diagnosis reflective of data findings.
Impact of active well biasing on process-induced variations of a bulk planer junctionless transistor

In this paper, the impact of process parameters namely gate length (L), thickness of silicon film (Tsi) and gate oxide thickness (Tox) with increased well bias on the electrical parameters viz., drain current (ID), threshold voltage (VT), subthreshold slope (SS) and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of a short-channel bulk planer junctionless transistor (BPJLT) are systematically investigated with the help of extensive device simulations. The effect of positive well bias is utilized to improve the hot carrier effect of a BPJLT. The effect of well doping concentration on threshold voltage is studied. The threshold voltage variations with respect to well bias for different temperatures are studied.
Greedy Representative Selection for Unsupervised Data Analysis

In recent years, the advance of information and communication technologies has allowed the storage and transfer of massive amounts of data. The availability of this overwhelming amount of data stimulates a growing need to develop fast and accurate algorithms to discover useful information hidden in the data. This need is even more acute for unsupervised data, which lacks information about the categories of different instances. This dissertation addresses a crucial problem in unsupervised data analysis, which is the selection of representative instances and/or features from the data. This problem can be generally defined as the selection of the most representative columns of a data matrix, which is formally known as the Column Subset Selection (CSS) problem. Algorithms for column subset selection can be directly used for data analysis or as a pre-processing step to enhance other data mining algorithms, such as clustering. The contributions of this dissertation can be summarized as outlined below. First, a fast and accurate algorithm is proposed to greedily select a subset of columns of a data matrix such that the reconstruction error of the matrix based on the subset of selected columns is minimized. The algorithm is based on a novel recursive formula for calculating the reconstruction error, which allows the development of time and memoryefficient algorithms for greedy column subset selection. Experiments on real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods for column subset selection. Second, a kernel-based algorithm is presented for column subset selection. The algorithm greedily selects representative columns using information about their pairwise similarities. The algorithm can also calculate a Nyström approximation for a large kernel matrix based on the subset of selected columns. In comparison to different Nyström methods, the greedy Nyström method has been empirically shown to achieve significant improvements in approximating kernel matrices, with minimum overhead in run time. Third, two algorithms are proposed for fast approximate k-means and spectral clustering. These algorithms employ the greedy column subset selection method to embed all data points in the subspace of a few representative points, where the clustering is performed. The approximate algorithms run much faster than their exact counterparts while achieving comparable clustering performance. Fourth, a fast and accurate greedy algorithm for unsupervised feature selection is proposed. The algorithm is an application of the greedy column subset selection method presented in this dissertation. Similarly, the features are greedily selected such that the reconstruction error of the data matrix is minimized. Experiments on benchmark data sets
Purification and properties of methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase from Methanosarcina barkeri

Methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase from Methanosarcina barkeri has been purified to approximately 90% homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and QAE-A50 Sephadex columns. The molecular weight, estimated by gel electrophoresis, was found to be 122,000, and the enzyme contained two different subunits with molecular weights of 34,000 and 53,000, which indicates an alpha 2 beta structure. The enzyme contains three or four molecules of 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide, which could be removed by treatment of the enzyme with 2-mercaptoethanol or sodium dodecyl sulfate. In both cases the enzyme dissociated into its subunits. For stability, the enzyme required the presence of divalent cations such as Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, or Ba2+. ATP, GTP, or CTP was needed in a reductive activation process of the enzyme. This activation was brought about by a mixture of H2, ferredoxin, and hydrogenase, but also by CO, which is thought to reduce the corrinoid chemically. The CO dehydrogenase-like activity of the methyltransferase is discussed.
14-3-3 Proteins Modulate the Expression of Epithelial Na+ Channels by Phosphorylation-dependent Interaction with Nedd4-2 Ubiquitin Ligase*

The ubiquitin E3 protein ligase Nedd4-2 is a physiological regulator of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC, which is essential for transepithelial Na+ transport and is linked to Liddle's syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder of human salt-sensitive hypertension. Nedd4-2 function is negatively regulated by phosphorylation via a serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (Sgk1), which serves as a mechanism to inhibit the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of ENaC. We report here that 14-3-3 proteins participate in this regulatory process through a direct interaction with a phosphorylated form of human Nedd4-2 (a human gene product of KIAA0439, termed hNedd4-2). The interaction is dependent on Sgk1-catalyzed phosphorylation of hNedd4-2 at Ser-468. We found that this interaction preserved the activity of the Sgk1-stimulated ENaC-dependent Na+ current while disrupting the interaction decreased ENaC density on the Xenopus laevis oocytes surface possibly by enhancing Nedd4-2-mediated ubiquitination that leads to ENaC degradation. Our findings suggest that 14-3-3 proteins modulate the cell surface density of ENaC cooperatively with Sgk1 kinase by maintaining hNedd4-2 in an inactive phosphorylated state.
Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: Clinical and Treatment Characteristics

We aimed to evaluate patients with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) in terms of the risk factors, symptoms, clinical course, diagnostic approaches and treatment outcome. Thirty-six patients with a diagnosis of UEDVT, comprising 19 males (52.7%) and 17 females (47.3%), were included in the study; the mean (± SD) age was 54 ± 12.3 years. The most common risk factor was central venous catheter use. The treatment protocol consisted of low molecular weight heparin for up to 7 days, followed by oral anticoagulants for up to 6 months. All patients were followed up for 1 year. More than 90% of the patients responded well to treatment. Nine patients (25%) died due to underlying diseases; no patients died secondary to UEDVT. None of the patients developed pulmonary embolus or recurrent deep venous thrombosis, and post-thrombotic syndrome was not observed. The mortality rate was related to the underlying diseases.
New Antiviral Agents for the Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

The development of new antiviral strategies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B remains a major goal since hepatitis virus (HBV) is resistant to interferon treatment as well as to new nucleoside analogs. HBV is a small DNA virus that replicates its genome via a reverse transcription step. The viral polymerase has been the main viral target that was studied to design new antiviral treatments. Active research has led to the discovery of new nucleoside analogs that are potent inhibitors of the viral reverse transcriptase. Among them, lamivudine has also proven antiviral efficacy in clinical trials with a sustained inhibition of viral replication. However, due to the kinetics of viral clearance, long-term antiviral therapy is necessary to eradicate viral infection. These prolonged regimens are associated with the emergence of drug-resistant strains that harbor mutations in the viral polymerase gene within the conserved B and C domains. New approaches using combinations of nucleoside analogs or other strategies, such as immune intervention (DNA vaccine, stimulation of the TH1 response ) or gene therapy (antisense oligonucleotides, dominant negative mutants), should therefore be evaluated in animal models to optimize the current antiviral protocols.
Universality of load balancing schemes on the diffusion scale

Abstract We consider a system of N parallel queues with identical exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process. When a task arrives, the dispatcher always assigns it to an idle server, if there is any, and to a server with the shortest queue among d randomly selected servers otherwise (1≤d≤N). This load balancing scheme subsumes the so-called join-the-idle queue policy (d=1) and the celebrated join-the-shortest queue policy (d=N) as two crucial special cases. We develop a stochastic coupling construction to obtain the diffusion limit of the queue process in the Halfin‒Whitt heavy-traffic regime, and establish that it does not depend on the value of d, implying that assigning tasks to idle servers is sufficient for diffusion level optimality.
RAPID LETHAL EFFECT IN RATS OF A THIRD COMPONENT FOUND UPON FRACTIONATING THE TOXIN OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

Beall, Francis A. (U.S. Army Chemical Corps, Frederick, Md.), Martha J. Taylor, and Curtis B. Thorne. Rapid lethal effect in rats of a third component found upon fractionating the toxin of Bacillus anthracis. J. Bacteriol. 83:1274–1280. 1962. —Rats were found to be more susceptible to the lethal effect of toxin produced by Bacillus anthracis in vitro than were several species considered less resistant to anthrax. Rats were killed much faster by less toxin per gram of body weight than were mice. Guinea pigs survived doses of toxin that killed rats. Intravenous injection of Fischer 344 rats is a rapid test for lethal activity, which facilitates the demonstration of two components, different from protective antigen, in toxin. One of these, a lethal factor, was separated from the other component, which causes cutaneous edema in the guinea pig. The latter component was not necessary for lethal effect. Neither of these factors was active unless combined with protective antigen. Although the guinea pig skin reaction has been used routinely to assay the toxicity of samples, the present results show that this test does not assay the lethal component.
Improvements on Gabor Descriptor Retrieval for Patch Detection

The localization of object parts in the component-based object detection is among the main tasks to solve. This paper presents several improvements of the proposed local image descriptor based on Gabor wavelets. Including these descriptors in the desired application is an ambitious challenge if we take into account the high number of parameters. Determining of parameters can be very hard because of their infinite definition range. Defining the filters is done in two stages: a theoretical consideration narrows the domain and the cardinality of parameters; this is followed by adequate experiments to select the most characteristic descriptor for a target image patch. The descriptor is created from a given number of 2D Gabor filters chosen by the GentleBoost learning algorithm. Comparing the proposed descriptor to those found in the state of the art, we can conclude that the selected filters are adaptable to any target object. In contrast to this, the majority of filter-based descriptors have fixed values for the parameters that do not allow to be ductile to the given object. Parameters fine-tuning allows the descriptor to be general, and discriminative at the same time. The effect of the following experiments has been analyzed during the investigation: elimination of redundancy between the weak classifiers, using the LoG interest points in the detection process. Finally, we propose an acceleration algorithm in order to deter- mine the response map faster. By means of the descriptor, the response map is created, which accurately localizes the target object part and can easily be integrated in almost all detection systems.
The myocardial ischemia reduction with aggressive cholesterol lowering study.

Methods: A total of 3086 adults aged 18 years or older were included. There were 122 centers throughout the world, and follow-up was 16 weeks following presentation with an ACS. Atorvastatin in a dose of 80 mg/d was prescribed between 24 and 96 hours following presentation. The primary endpoint was the composite of death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest with resuscitation, or recurrent symptomatic myocardial ischemia with objective evidence and requiring emergency rehospitalization.