Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Control Policies and Their Implementation in the Proposed FMD-Free Zone in Thailand

This paper proposes an evaluation framework and assessment tools for use in the evaluation of the current Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) control policies in Thailand and their implementation in the proposed FMD-free zone. Currently, no framework or tools are available to perform such an assessment to help determine whether the FMD control program in the proposed zone is consistent with World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) requirements for establishing an FMD-free zone with vaccination. To develop the framework and assessment tools this study identified; (i) the essential elements of successful FMD control programs; (ii) stakeholders who are affected by the FMD control program; and (iii) relevant Department of Livestock Development (DLD) regulations and documents. These regulations and documents were used as the foundation for development of the framework and assessment tools. The proposed framework includes the essential characteristics of policy design and implementation that should be part of the FMD control program in Thailand. The assessment tools include assessment matrices, three sets of questionnaires, and interview questions. When applied, the assessment matrices identify shortcomings of policy design, policy implementation, veterinary capacity, and stakeholder engagement. Questionnaires and interview questions collect information that examines the consistency of elements of the FMD control program against criteria in the assessment matrix. This framework and tools are currently being applied to assess the proposed FMD-free zone in Thailand.
Compréhension des procédés d'ignifugation du polyamide 6 : apport des nanocomposites aux systèmes retardateurs de flamme phosphorés

La comprehension des procedes d'ignifugation du PA6 bases sur l'emploi d'un retardateur de flamme (FR) phosphore (OP1311) et/ou une argile organomodifiee (C30B) est l'objet de cette etude. En termes de proprietes feu, un effet de synergie est observe pour la formulation combinant les deux additifs. Les raisons de cet effet ont ete etudiees et expliquees. La dispersion de l'argile etant nanometrique dans les composites avec et sans FR, l'explication de l'amelioration reside soit dans l'obtention de composes plus stables formes par reaction entre les constituants de la formulation, soit dans la resistance amelioree de la structure protectrice developpee due a des interactions physiques. Pour mettre en evidence les eventuelles interactions chimiques, la degradation thermique des additifs et des formulations a ete etudiee. Aucune nouvelle espece n'est formee lors de la degradation thermique. Il n'y a donc pas de reaction chimique. Des interactions physiques doivent donc se produire et permettre cette amelioration du comportement du materiau sous flux de chaleur. L'evolution des structures qui se forment au cours de la degradation des formulations sous flux de chaleur a ete etudiee. Des mecanismes de protection ont ete proposes pour expliquer l'effet de synergie.
The Effectiveness of Islamic Education Through Professional Learning Community (PLC) Among Teachers

This paper discusses the effectiveness Islamic Education through Professional Learning Community (PLC) in Malaysia primary schools. In recent years, the Malaysian education system has undergone many changes, such as eliminations of exams in for early primary students in standard one, two and three. The exam-based system has been changed to classroom-based assessment (CBA) to provide an overview of students’ performance. This indirectly affects Islamic education, specifically on how to implementing Islamic lesson by teachers. CBA should be carried out during the learning process. To achieve the objective of change, high level of commitment from all teachers is necessary. In Islamic Education, all students will be assessed through their knowledge, skills and value within six level that test the obligatory fardhu ain and fardhu kifayah knowledge in accordance to the students’ performance level. Therefore, to meet this challenge, PLC one part of teaching effectiveness appears to achieve this goal.
Evaluation of Soybean Plant Introductions for Traits that can Improve Emergence under Varied Soil Moisture Levels

When drought occurs during the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) sowing period, emergence will most likely be affected. We evaluated a diverse panel of 373 plant introductions under controlled environmental conditions for primary root length (PRL) (at 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% pot water holding capacity (PWHC); pots filled with potting soil that contained Sphagnum peat moss (>50%), bark, and perlite), and time taken for radicle emergence (TRE). The PRL decreased ≥75% at 40% PWHC, compared to 100, 80, and 60% PWHC. No genotypes germinated at 20% PWHC. We identified superior genotypes in terms of PRL and TRE, and found a positive relationship between PRL and emergence that became stronger with decreases in soil moisture levels. This indicates the importance of PRL in improving emergence, which becomes greater with decreases in soil moisture levels or increases in severity of drought. Seed weight was not related to PRL and emergence, indicating that larger seeds will not necessarily have longer PRL and better emergence. As the soybean panel used in this study was previously assessed for traits associated with drought tolerance at the late-vegetative and flowering stages, and the present study assessed it for putative traits related with emergence under various soil moisture conditions, the panel will become an important resource for soybean improvement.
Distribution of Mercury in a Gadoid Fish Species, Tusk (Brosme brosme), and Its Implication for Food Safety

The tusk (Brosme brosme) is a popular gadoid fish for human consumption, which also is susceptible to mercury accumulation. However, few data of mercury levels in tusk exist, and it is difficult to compare tusk fished from assumed contaminated areas with background levels. The aim of this study was to increase the information of mercury levels observed in tusk from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Samples of tusk were collected from seven different localities in open ocean areas, nine along the Norwegian coastal current (NCC), and from two fjord stations. Determinations of mercury in muscle and liver were carried out using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) after microwave-assisted wet digestion. The highest concentrations of mercury in muscle were found in tusk captured from the fjords Hardangerfjord and Sorfjord, and had mean concentrations of mercury at 1.5 and 1.7 mg kg -1 wet weight (ww), respectively, where all of the tusk exceeded EU's upper limit of 0.5 mg kg -1 ww. The lowest concentrations of mercury were observed in tusk captured from the open ocean areas, and the concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 0.30 mg kg -1 ww. Mercury concentrations of tusk captured along the NCC ranged from 0.21 to 0.49 mg kg -1 ww. Mercury concentrations increased with the weight of the tusk, and variance analysis (ANOVA) of weight normalized mercury concentrations showed that there were significant differences in mercury concentrations between tusk collected from the open ocean, NCC and fjords, which indicates that differences in mercury concentration between different areas arecaused by other factors.
Effect of different doses of dexamethasone on labor in Santa Inês ewes and its influence on the onset of labor and the expulsion of fetal membranes

ABSTRACT: The induction of labor aims to concentrate births to follow up better the parturient and the first care to the neonates. However, even if the labor induction technique with dexamethasone administration has been successfully described since the late 1970s, few studies report the technique of birth development and neonatal vitality in Santa Inês sheep. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of dexamethasone use in two doses (8 and 16mg) in labor induction of Santa Inês ewes at 145 days of gestation and to evaluate its effects on the birth characteristics. In this study, 58 ewes were used, raised in an extensive system in the experimental farms of UFBA, with confirmation pregnancy after fixed-time artificial insemination or controlled breeding. These female ewes were separated into three groups according to the dose of dexamethasone administered (G1 = 0mg, G2 = 8mg, and G3 = 16mg). From these births, 79 lambs were born. This study analyzed the period from induction of labor to birth, fetal presentation at birth, the weight of the placenta, and the period for placenta expulsion. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS v.9.1.3®, 2002), and the significance level considered for all analyzes was 5%. Births of induced groups occurred on average at 48.4±22.17 hours after induction, while the females with non-induced labor gave birth 131.96±41.9 hours on average after the placebo application (P<0.05), confirming the efficiency of both doses for induction of labor. The period from induction to birth did not differ (P>0.05) between the doses used. There were no differences in delivery about the fetal static relation, time to placental attachment, and weight. With this study, it can be concluded that the induction at 145 days of gestation with eight or 16mg of dexamethasone is a useful technique and does not alter the labor in Santa Inês sheep.
Qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemicals in Convolvulus leiocalycinus and Haloxylon griffithii

The purpose of the present assessment was to evaluate the phytochemicals in the indigenous plants Convolvulus leiocalycinus of Convolvulaceae family and Haloxylon griffithii of Chenopodiaceae family found in the northern regions of Balochistan. For the analysis of phytochemicals, both plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, quinones and carboxylic acids. Whereas, both plants exhibited negative tests for terpenoids, anthraquinones, phlobatannins, fats, xanthoprotien, resins, anthocyanins, emodins and volatile oil. Furthermore, with the help of standard chemical tests and techniques, the quantitative analysis of C. leiocalycinus and H. griffithii showed different amounts and percentages of total alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolics. The total alkaloid contents determined were 0.196(W/w) with percentage yield 3.92% and 0.224(W/w) with percentage yield 4.48% in 5gm of each sample of C. leiocalycinus and H. griffithii respectively. The total flavonoid contents determined were 0.28(W/w) with 2.8% and 0.445(W/w) with 4.45% in 10gm of each sample of both the plants. The total saponin contents determined were 0.72(W/w) with 3.6% and 0.53(W/w) with 2.65% in 20gm of each sample of both the plants. The total phenolic contents determined were 0.808(W/w) with 16.16% and 0.268(W/w) with 5.36% in 5gm of each sample of both the plants. The presence of high amount of phytochemical compounds suggest that both plants i.e., C. leiocalycinus and H. griffithii are not only useful to human beings but can also be commercialized for higher production of natural drugs rather than using synthetic drugs with side effects.
Characterization of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) accessions by simple sequence repeat markers

In Turkey, quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is found as both a wild and a cultivated tree species. The Karanlikdere Valley is a pit area between Şefaatli and Yerkoy districts in Yozgat Province that originates from the River Delice. Members of the Yozgat Karanlikdere Valley quince population, containing 17 quince accessions and 15 commercial quince cultivars, were DNA fingerprinted using 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers to identify the genetic relationships among them. A total of 111 alleles were detected for all 32 accessions, and the number of alleles revealed by SSR analysis ranged from 2 to 10 alleles per locus with a mean value of 3.70 alleles per locus. The Ms06g03 primer gave the highest number of alleles (Na = 10). Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.20 (CH05e04) to 0.78 (Ms06g03) with a mean PIC value of 0.45. Structure analysis and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering of the accessions depicted three major clusters, where several pairs of accessions could not be separated. This study indicated that the SSR markers could be utilized as a reliable tool for the determination of genetic variations and relationships of quince accessions. Furthermore, the results of this study will be useful for starting a cross-breeding cultivar program for quince.
Follow Up of Maternally Derived Antibodies Titer against Economically Important Viral Diseases of Chicken

The study was conducted to know the rate of maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) transfer from parents to their offspring and declining the MDAs in their chicks at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of age against four major poultry viruses like Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Infectious bursal diseases virus (IBDV), and Avian Reo virus (ARV). The MDAs was studied on Grandparent (GP) to Parent stock (PS), and Parent stock (PS) to broiler at 30 weeks and 50 weeks of age in Cobb-500 broiler strain chicken. The MDAs was measured from serum antibody titer by indirect ELISA test. The MDAs transfer rate against NDV from GP to PS at 50 weeks of age was higher (68.82%) than at 30 weeks of age but in case of PS to broiler it was higher (66.01%) at 30 weeks of age and its persistent rate also higher (7.96%) up to 21th days of age. Against IBV, MDAs transfer rates were higher in PS to broiler than GP to PS of both ages and highest rates were revealed in PS to broiler at 30 weeks of age as 70.72%. On the other hand, among all lines MDAs transfer rates against IBDV was higher (86.94%) in GP to PS at 30 weeks of age. For ARV, the MDAs transfer rates were highest in GP to PS in both ages than PS to broiler and within GP to PS at 50 weeks of age, it was highest (94.87%) than 30 weeks of age. Accordingly, the poultry producer may help to develop an effective vaccination schedule by considering the MDAs from above experiment.
Assessment of Broodstock Management Practices in Nigeria

Genetic management of African catfish broodstock is important to ensure the quality of seed. This study was conducted to identify and critically evaluate current broodstock management practices in African catfish hatcheries in Nigeria. A questionnaire was presented in 44 hatcheries in three main aquaculture regions in Nigeria and 34 responded. The results indicated that more than 50% of hatcheries keep fewer than 40 broodfish, with a higher ratio of females than males. This causes the effective breeding number to be under the recommended minimum value in many hatcheries and can result in genetic drift or inbreeding depression. However, the common practice of optioning broodfish regularly from different sources may reduce the risk of inbreeding depression. Only 6% of the hatcheries use broodstock raised on their farms exclusively and this group is predisposed to problems due to poor genetic management. Most hatcheries use females that are 1-1.5 kg as broodfish. However, the results of the present study suggest that seed quality, quantity and survival could be increased significantly by using larger females. The results of the study were used to produce recommendations to improve broodstock management in Nigeria.
Growth and Productivity of Different Potato Cultivars

During the experimental years of 2017 and 2018 eight potato cultivars were evaluated for their growth traits and productivity in tuber yield. The potato cultivars used in these experimental seasons were; Bubu (as a standard check), Chiro, Gebisa, Belete, Gudene, Badasa Jarso and Dedafa. The first six consecutive potatoes are improved cultivars which were released by Ethiopian research institute and University while the last two potatoes were collected from farmers and cultivated as local (native) cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the growth and productivity potato cultivars grown at eastern regions of Ethiopia. The results revealed that performance of improved potato cultivars were high in both evaluated yield related traits and average tuber yield. The performances of evaluated potatoes were not similar among cultivars and within cultivar throughout experimental seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block design in three replications. The field management; seed tuber selection, land preparation, planting, fertilizer application method and amount, ridging, weeding, cultivation, harvesting, data collection method and collected data analysis has been carried out for all potato cultivars in similar manner. Potato tubers from four middle rows were analyzed for parameters such as tuber yield, tuber number, marketable and total tuber yield. The highest tuber yield was revealed with cultivar Bubu (39.4 t ha-1) while the lowest with Jarso (20.89 t ha-1). The highest tuber number was showed with cultivar Badasa (12.73 plant-1) and the lowest with Belete (7 plant-1). Hence, there were no correlation between average tuber yield and number.
Simulación del mejoramiento in-situ en yacimientos de crudo pesado con el uso de nanocatalizadores en procesos de inyección de vapor

El enfoque de este trabajo de investigacion es desarrollar un modelo que describa el mejoramiento in-situ usando nanocatalizadores durante procesos de inyeccion de vapor. Esto se realiza mediante el acople de un simulador numerico termico – composicional basado en una ecuacion de estado y el transporte de nanoparticulas en medios porosos junto con un modulo que describa las reacciones de mejoramiento in-situ. Se considera los fenomenos de adsorcion y reaccion sobre la superficie del catalizador, asi como cambios en la porosidad y permeabilidad por la presencia de nanocatalizadores en el medio poroso. El modelo planteado es validado mediante data experimental a nivel de laboratorio.
Antiproliferative effect of the Red Sea cone snail, Conus geographus

Purpose: To investigate the antiproliferative effect of the Red Sea cone snail, Conus geographus, against 4 MCF-7 (breast), MDA-MB-231 (epithelial human breast), HepG2 (hepatocellular) and SKOV-3 (ovarian) cancer cell lines. Methods: Extraction of Red Sea cone snail sample with a mixture of CH2Cl2 and CH3OH (1:1, v/v) yielded 0.55 g of a green viscous material. The cytotoxic effects of the organic extract against the cancer cell lines were determined using cell proliferation (MTT) assay, and the half-maximal concentration (IC50) values measured. The effect of the crude extract on the cell cycle of the HepG-2 was determined by flow cytometry. Results: The extract produced significant inhibitory effects against SKOV-3, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and HepG2, with IC50 values of 22.7 ± 2.2, 68.7 ± 6.2, 47 ± 4.2 and 19 ± 2.1 μg/mL, respectively. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the extract enhanced accumulation of HepG2 cells in the Go/G1 phase, at a level of 23.4 and 24.1 % at IC50 (19 μg/mL) and ½ IC50 (9.5 μg/mL), respectively, when compared to the untreated cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that C. geographus extract exhibits potent cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells via a mechanism involving G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Thus, C. geographus is a potential source of a new anti-cancer agent. Keywords: Conus geographus, Marine invertebrate, HepG2, Antiproliferation
Stuff we Should Not Be Doing: A Look at Better Ways to Determine the Appropriate Tests to Offer and How to Best Minimize Errors. Antibiotic Stewardship and Laboratory Stewardship, How can they Help

Laboratory testing is dependent upon Preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical test phases. In the laboratory we are focused upon the analytical phase and often ignore the preanalytical and postanalytical portion of testing. This is a drastic error, even though both the pre and post phases are more difficult to control, they account for many errors and for delays in caregivers reacting to test results. Seventy percent of laboratory errors are associated with pre-analytical errors. Much work has been done to speed the results of laboratory testing in the analytical phase, however if the results are not available to care givers soon after they are posted in the laboratory information system, then the effort expended to speed the testing will be wasted. When possible, electronic results sent directly to the care giver will aid in care, i.e. Theradoc system. Also, if test results can be in the medical record when the caregiver can review them or rounds with patients, it will speed appropriate care.
Comparative study of chicken egg yolk and quail egg yolk in two chilled canine semen extenders

The aim of this work was to substitute chicken egg yolk with quail egg yolk in two semen extenders and to evaluate the quality of the extended canine semen following chilled storage. Semen was pooled from male dogs (n= 4) of about 18-months old and body weight of about 28 kg. Four extenders were tested: (1) tris buffered chicken egg yolk extender (2) tris buffered quail egg yolk extender, (3) skimmed milk chicken egg yolk extender and (4) skimmed milk quail egg yolk extender. Semen was diluted with corresponding extender in the ratio 1:4. The diluted semen samples were analyzed for motility, mass activity, viability, abnormalities percentage and pH for three consecutive days. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between chicken egg yolk and quail egg yolk in either tris diluent or skimmed milk extender with respect to pH, mass activity and sperm motility. Samples stored in both the tris and skimmed milk-based extenders with quail egg yolk displayed greater viability than those in chicken egg yolk but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Viability, mass activity and sperm motility decreased as treatment days increased in both chicken and quail egg yolk extenders. Results showed that a pH of 6.5 was maintained from day 0 to day 3. There was no difference in semen quality between chicken and quail egg yolk in either the tris diluent or skimmed milk extender (P> 0.05). It was recommended that quail egg yolk could be substituted for chicken egg yolk in the two canine semen extenders. Further modifications of the diluents with quail egg yolk might produce an improved result. Keywords: Canine, Chicken Chilled, Egg yolk, Extenders, Quail, Semen