Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Especies reactivas de oxígeno y su implicación en Biomedicina

Las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) actúan como regulador intracelular cuando se generan de forma controlada en puntos concretos de la célula. Modifican la función de proteínas mediante la oxidación reversible de cisteínas. Hay quinasas y fosfatasas de proteínas, factores de transcripción y canales iónicos que están regulados por ROS. Estrés oxidativo y daño celular aparecen cuando los mecanismos antioxidantes de protección son incapaces de mantener bajo el nivel intracelular de ROS. En estas condiciones, ROS inducen pérdida de viabilidad celular en patologías degenerativas de corazón y cerebro y promueven proliferación celular ilimitada en procesos tumorales. La alteración de la función mitocondrial juega un papel clave en la generación del estrés oxidativo y por tanto es una diana terapéutica preferente para evitar o aminorar los daños oxidativos producidos por ROS. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as intracellular regulator when they are generated under control in specific cell spots. They modify proteins function by cysteine reversible oxidation. There are protein kinases and phosphatases, transcription factors and ionic channels that are regulated by ROS. Oxidative stress and cell damage arise when the protection antioxidant mechanisms are unable to keep low the intracellular ROS level. Under these conditions, ROS induce cell viability loss in heart and brain degenerative pathologies and promote unlimited cell proliferation in tumor processes. Alteration of the mitochondrial function is a key player in the oxidative stress generation and therefore it is preferential therapeutic target for prevention or attenuation of the ROS-induced oxidative damage.
Mathematical Heat Transfer Modeling and Experimental Validation of Lithium-Ion Battery Considering: Tab and Surface Temperature, Separator, Electrolyte Resistance, Anode-Cathode Irreversible and Reversible Heat

The temperature and heat produced by lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles is an important field of investigation as it determines the power, performance, and cycle life of the battery pack. This paper presented both laboratory data and simulation results at C-rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C at an ambient temperature of approximately 23 °C. During experiment thermocouples were placed on the surface of the battery. The thermal model assumed constant current discharge and was experimentally validated. It was observed that temperature increased with C-rates at both the surface and the tabs. We note that at 4C the battery temperature increased from 22 °C to 47.40 °C and the tab temperature increased from 22 °C to 52.94 °C. Overall, the simulation results showed that more heat was produced in the cathode than the anode, the primary source of heat was the electrolyte resistance, and the battery temperature was the highest near the tabs and in the internal space of the battery. Simulation of the lithium concentration within the battery showed that the lithium concentration was more uniform in the anode than in the cathode. These results can help the accurate thermal design and thermal management of Li-ion batteries.
Gicht: aktuelle Epidemiologie, Komorbiditäten, Komplikationen und sozioökonomische Konsequenzen

Zusammenfassung Die Gicht gehört neben der rheumatoiden Arthritis zu den häufigsten Ursachen von Gelenkentzündungen. Als metabolisch bedingte Erkrankung geht sie meist mit Hyperurikämie und der Ablagerung von Uratkristallen in Gelenken, Sehnen und Weichteilgeweben einher, wodurch Entzündungszustände ausgelöst werden können. Die Gichtarthritis tritt weltweit insbesondere in den Industrieländern mit steigender Prävalenz auf (weltweit 0,6%), wobei die größte Häufigkeit bei den Maoris in Ozeanien (bis zu 10%) gemessen wurde. In Deutschland tritt die Gicht altersabhängig mit einer Prävalenz von 1,63% auf, wobei Männer ungefähr dreimal so häufig wie Frauen betroffen sind. Kardiovaskuläre und vor allem renale Komorbiditäten können zu vermehrten Komplikationen und einer erhöhten Sterblichkeit von Patienten mit Gicht führen. Grundsätzlich haben Gichtpatienten eine erhöhte Mortalität im Vergleich zur Gesamtbevölkerung. Die zunehmende Inzidenz führt zu steigenden Gesundheitskosten, besonders durch vermehrte Hospitalisierungen. Darüber hinaus wurden bei Gichtpatienten mehr Arbeitsunfähigkeitstage sowie reduzierte Erwerbsfähigkeit mit entsprechenden volkswirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen nachgewiesen.
Antibacterial and Solubility Analysis of Experimental Phytotherapeutic Paste for Endodontic Treatment of Primary Teeth

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect and the solubility of experimental root canal filling pastes containing the phytoconstituents terpineol and cinnamaldehyde. Material and Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each phytoconstituent was determined against Enterococcus faecalis. Five groups of antibiotic pastes based on zinc oxide were obtained by mixing: only terpineol, only cinnamaldehyde, terpineol and cinnamaldehyde combined, chlorhexidine (antibiotic control), and CTZ paste (control paste). Antibacterial activity was analyzed through direct contact test within 24 and 72 hours. Solubility was evaluated by spectrophotometry within 48 and 144 hours. Antibacterial activity data were analyzed descriptively, and solubility data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Results: The MIC obtained for terpineol and cinnamaldehyde were, respectively, 2000 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL. After 24h, only the terpineol paste did not inhibit E. faecalis growth. After 72h, all groups inhibited E. faecalis growth. After 48h, the highest solubility was verified in the terpineol paste (p<0.05), and no differences were detected among other groups (p>0.05). After and 144h, highest solubility was observed in the terpineol paste (p<0.05), followed by the CTZ paste (p<0.05). No differences were detected for cinnamaldehyde, terpineol+cinnamaldehyde and chlorhexidine pastes (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pastes containing cinnamaldehyde or terpineol+cinnamaldehyde showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis similar to CTZ paste, with lower solubility.
A Detailed Analysis of Daily, Seasonal and Yearly Performance Values of Photovoltaic Modules Using by a Simplified Method

The performance of panels for PV system design is determined according to the performance values in standard test conditions specified in the panel catalog, without knowing the performance under actual operating conditions. However, the operating performance of the PV panel depends on meteorological characteristics of place where the PV system is installed. Especially, if outside temperature values are above test conditions, the efficiency of the PV panel decreases and generation losses are observed. In this study, performance parameters of photovoltaic panel were calculated for four different PV panel technologies only by using their catalogue values like NOCT temperature, power-temperature coefficient etc. For this purpose, real working conditions were simulated using 3-year climate data for the meteorological conditions of Sanliurfa, Turkey. In the end, PV panel efficiency, electricity generation values and performance ratios were calculated in accordance with the temperature. According to the results obtained, the PV panels’ performance ratios decreased up to 0.75 during the summer months. The highest unit energy generation was achieved with thin film PV technology.
Multi-modal pain control regimen for anterior lumbar fusion drastically reduces in-hospital opioid consumption.

Background The opioid epidemic is at epic proportions currently in the United States. Exposure to opioids for surgery and subsequent postoperative pain management is a known risk factor for opioid dependence. In addition, opioids can have a negative impact on multiple aspects including clinical outcomes, length of hospital stay, and overall cost of care. Thus, the greatest effort to reduce perioperative opioid use is necessary and a multimodal pain control (MMPC) has been gaining popularity. However, its efficacy in spine surgery is not well known. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a MMPC protocol in patients undergoing lumbar single-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). Methods This is a retrospective comparative study. From a prospective, single-surgeon, surgical database, consecutive patients undergoing single-level ALIF with or without subsequent posterior fusion for degenerative lumbar conditions were identified before and after initiation of the MMPC protocol. The MMPC protocol consisted of a preoperative oral regimen of cyclobenzaprine (10 mg), gabapentin (600 mg), acetaminophen (1 g), and methadone (10 mg). Postoperatively they received a bilateral transverse abdominis plane block with 0.5% Ropivacaine prior to extubation. We compared in-hospital opioid consumption between the MMPC and non-MMPC cohorts as well as baseline demographic, the length of hospital stay, cost, and rate of postoperative ileus. Opioid consumption was calculated and normalized to the morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs). Results In total, 68 patients in the MMPC cohort and 39 in the non-MMPC cohort were identified. There was no difference in baseline demographics including sex, body mass index, smoking status, or preoperative opioid use between the two groups. Although there was no difference in the MMEs on the day of surgery (58.5 vs. 66.9, P=0.387), cumulative MMEs each day after surgery was significantly lower in the MMPC cohort, with final cumulative MMEs being reduced by 62% (120.2 vs. 314.8, P<0.001). There was no difference in postoperative ileus, length of stay, and hospital costs. Conclusions The use of a MMPC protocol in patients undergoing single-level ALIF for degenerative conditions reduced opioid consumption starting on the first day after surgery, resulting in a cumulative reduction of 62%.
Post‐eclosion temperature effects on insect cuticular hydrocarbon profiles

Abstract The insect cuticle is the interface between internal homeostasis and the often harsh external environment. Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are key constituents of this hard cuticle and are associated with a variety of functions including stress response and communication. CHC production and deposition on the insect cuticle vary among natural populations and are affected by developmental temperature; however, little is known about CHC plasticity in response to the environment experienced following eclosion, during which time the insect cuticle undergoes several crucial changes. We targeted this crucial to important phase and studied post‐eclosion temperature effects on CHC profiles in two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. A forty‐eight hour post‐eclosion exposure to three different temperatures (18, 25, and 30°C) significantly affected CHCs in both ancestral African and more recently derived North American populations of D. melanogaster. A clear shift from shorter to longer CHCs chain length was observed with increasing temperature, and the effects of post‐eclosion temperature varied across populations and between sexes. The quantitative differences in CHCs were associated with variation in desiccation tolerance among populations. Surprisingly, we did not detect any significant differences in water loss rate between African and North American populations. Overall, our results demonstrate strong genetic and plasticity effects in CHC profiles in response to environmental temperatures experienced at the adult stage as well as associations with desiccation tolerance, which is crucial in understanding holometabolan responses to stress.
Development of a Static Equivalent Model for Korean Power Systems Using Power Transfer Distribution Factor-Based k-Means++ Algorithm

This paper presents a static network equivalent model for Korean power systems. The proposed equivalent model preserves the overall transmission network characteristics focusing on power flows among areas in Korean power systems. For developing the model, a power transfer distribution factor (PTDF)-based k-means++ algorithm was used to cluster the bus groups in which similar PTDF characteristics were identified. For the reduction process, the bus groups were replaced by a single bus with a generator or load, and an equivalent transmission line was determined to maintain power flows in the original system model. Appropriate voltage levels were selected, and compensation for real power line losses was made for the correct representation. A Korean power system with more than 1600 buses was reduced to a 38-bus system with 13 generators, 25 loads, and 74 transmission lines. The effectiveness of the developed equivalent model was evaluated by performing power flow simulations and comparisons of various characteristics of the original and reduced systems. The simulation comparisons show that the developed equivalent model maintains inter-area power flows as close as possible to the original Korean power systems.
Sistema híbrido de suporte à decisão de investimentos em criptomoedas

Cryptocurrencies in recent years have been attracting all kinds of investors, from natural people to financial institutions that seek high returns, based on their rapid appreciation. However, this market is characterized by the level of volatility and uncertainty, leading the price to very high and also low levels these characteristics present great difficulty for the decision-making of investment managers. This work proposes a methodology to support decision making in investment management in the cryptocurrency market, which considers a conservative investment position, which seeks to reduce risk and maximize return on investment. The methodology seeks, based on the historical price of cryptocurrencies, establishes return levels and estimates the probabilities of the transition of returns for each level, this is done based on the analysis of Markov chains, which are integrated into the multiple decision trees to identify the cryptocurrency that projects the greatest return when it is sold in one or two periods after of the acquisition. The results are compared with the real data and the efficiency of the methodology is verified. Resumo: As criptomoedas nos últimos anos vêm atraindo todo tipo de investidores, desde pessoas até instituições financeiras, que buscam altos retornos, com base em sua rápida valorização. No entanto, esse mercado é caracterizado pelo nível de volatilidade e incerteza, levando os preços a níveis muito altos e também a níveis baixos, estas características geram uma grande dificuldade para a toma de decisões dos gestores de investimentos. Este artigo propõe uma metodologia de apoio à toma de decisões no gerenciamento de investimentos no mercado de criptomoedas, que considera uma posição conservadora de investimento, que busca reduzir o risco e maximizar o retorno do investimento. A metodologia visa, com base no preço histórico das criptomoedas, estabelecer níveis de retorno e estimar as probabilidades de transição dos retornos para cada nível, isso é feito com base na análise das cadeias de Markov, que são integradas nas múltiplas árvores de decisão para identificar a criptomoeda que projeta o maior retorno quando é vendida um ou dois períodos após a aquisição. Os resultados são comparados com os dados reais e a eficiência da metodologia é verificada.
Evaluation of Normalization Techniques on Neural Networks for the Prediction of 305-Day Milk Yield

In this study, the impact of data preprocessing on the prediction of 305-day milk yield using neural networks were investigated with regard to the effect of different normalization techniques. Eight normalization techniques “Z-Score, Min-Max, D-Min-Max, Median, Sigmoid, Decimal Scaling, Median and MAD, TanhEstimators" and five different back propagation algorithms “Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR), Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), Conjugate Gradient Back propagation with Powell-Beale Restarts (CGB) and Brayde Fletcher Gold Farlo Shanno Quasi Newton Back propagation (BFG)” were examined and tested comparatively for the analysis. Neural network architecture was optimized and tested with several experiments. Results of the analysis show that applying different normalization techniques affect the performance and the distribution of outputs influences the learning process of the neural network. The magnitude of the effects varied with the type of back propagation algorithms, activation functions, and network's architectural structure. According to the results of the analysis, the most successful performance value in the 305-day milk yield estimation was obtained by using the neural network structured by using the Decimal Scaling normalization technique with the Bayesian Regulation algorithm (R2Adj = 0.8181, RMSE= 0.0068, MAPE= 160.42 for test set; R2Adj =0.8141, RMSE= 0.0067, MAPE= 114.12 for validation set).
Apicidin biosynthesis is linked to accessory chromosomes in Fusarium poae isolates

Background Fusarium head blight is a disease of global concern that reduces crop yields and renders grains unfit for consumption due to mycotoxin contamination. Fusarium poae is frequently associated with cereal crops showing symptoms of Fusarium head blight. While previous studies have shown F. poae isolates produce a range of known mycotoxins, including type A and B trichothecenes, fusarins and beauvericin, genomic analysis suggests that this species may have lineage-specific accessory chromosomes with secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters awaiting description. Methods We examined the biosynthetic potential of 38 F. poae isolates from Eastern Canada using a combination of long-read and short-read genome sequencing and untargeted, high resolution mass spectrometry metabolome analysis of extracts from isolates cultured in multiple media conditions. Results A high-quality assembly of isolate DAOMC 252244 ( Fp 157) contained four core chromosomes as well as seven additional contigs with traits associated with accessory chromosomes. One of the predicted accessory contigs harbours a functional biosynthetic gene cluster containing homologs of all genes associated with the production of apicidins. Metabolomic and genomic analyses confirm apicidins are produced in 4 of the 38 isolates investigated and genomic PCR screening detected the apicidin synthetase gene APS1 in approximately 7% of Eastern Canadian isolates surveyed. Conclusions Apicidin biosynthesis is linked to isolate-specific putative accessory chromosomes in F. poae . The data produced here are an important resource for furthering our understanding of accessory chromosome evolution and the biosynthetic potential of F. poae .
The Alaska Convergent Margin Backstop Splay Fault Zone, a Potential Large Tsunami Generator Between the Frontal Prism and Continental Framework

The giant tsunami that swept the Pacific from Alaska to Antarctica in 1946 was generated along one of three Alaska Trench instrumentally recorded aftershock areas following great and giant earthquakes. Aftershock areas were investigated during the past decade with multibeam bathymetry, ocean bottom seismograph wide‐angle seismic, reprocessed legacy, and new seismic reflection images. Summarized and updated here are previous papers and additional data. Tectonic structures collocated with aftershock area boundaries indicate possible lengths of rupture in future great earthquakes. NE aftershock area boundaries relate to subducted lower plate structures whereas the SW zone upper plate retains Beringian structural relicts. The lower to middle slope transition separating a stronger continental framework rock from a weaker accreted prism occurs along splay fault zones previously interpreted as backstops in seismic images. Damage zones along splay faults are generally 1‐km‐wide dipping typically 21°. Splays form slip paths from the plate interface to the seafloor much shorter than the 3–4° dipping plate interface beneath the frontal prism. Associated seafloor vent structures indicate overpressured fluids at depth. Splay fault dip and its rigid hanging wall impart greater seafloor uplift than the accreted prism per unit of slip making them effective tsunami generators. Backstop splay fault zones (BSFZs) run along the entire Alaska Trench. Beneath the frontal prism, active bend faults add rugosity to the plate interface and km high relief is commonly imaged in reprocessed legacy and new seismic data. The 1946 Unimak great (M8.6) earthquake epicenter is located near the BSFZ.
Detection of Nanometer-Scale Mixing in Phosphate-Glass/Polyamide-6 Hybrids by 1H−31P NMR

The size of phosphate-glass (Pglass) particles dispersed in a polyamide-6 (PA6) matrix by melt blending has been characterized by 1H−31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 1H spin diffusion from ∼75% of the 1H in the glass to the polyamide is observed within 50 ms, indicating proximity on a 30 nm scale. Fast dephasing of a quarter of the 31P magnetization by dipolar couplings to polyamide protons in 31P{1H} heteronuclear recoupling with dephasing by strong homonuclear interactions of protons (HARDSHIP) NMR shows that ∼25% of the Pglass is within 0.5 nm from the polyamide. This is confirmed by 1H−31P heteronuclear correlation NMR spectra with inverse T2,H filtering, which document relatively fast (1 ms) cross polarization from PA6 protons, identified by their upfield chemical shift and short transverse relaxation time T2,H, to a significant fraction of 31P in the glass. The 31P spectrum associated with the polyamide 1H reveals that the phosphate sites near the polyamide matrix are chemically alt.
Validation of the Hungarian Version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for Detecting Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders

Aim: The screening of cognitive decline is a mandatory step in the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of dementia to begin. In order to achieve this, an easy-to-take, validated neurocognitive test with good specificity and sensitivity are essential in the assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Hungarian version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (version I., ACE)by comparing it with the conventional Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)as a new form of assessment in order to screen for early dementia among the elderly. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional. Place and Duration of Study: This study is a part of a larger research, conducted among voluntary elderly from the city of Pécs (Hungary) between January 2016 and December 2018. Methodology: The study refers to 66 patients with mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD), 51 patients with major NCD, and 133 healthy participants. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Original Research Article Kaszás and Fekete; INDJ, 14(4): 79-88, 2020; Article no.INDJ. 62930 80 Disorders (version 5.) criteria were used for the diagnosis of dementia. Statistical analysis was performed using the receiver operator characteristics method. Results: The optimal cut-off score for the ACE-I for detecting mild NCD was 82, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 96%. The optimal cut-off for the ACE for identifying major NCD was 76 with sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 98%. Conclusion: We concluded that the Hungarian version of the ACE is an accurate test for the detection of NCD, and could be adopted in various clinical practices.
IMPACTOS À SAÚDE HUMANA EM REGIÕES DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE EMPREENDIMENTOS HIDRELÉTRICOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA

The article analyzed the scientific literature on the impacts on human health in the context of the implementation of hydroelectric projects. With an integrative literature review, specifically considering studies published in peer-reviewed journals, three thematic axes emerged: diseases caused by arboviruses and protozoa; psychosocial disorders in the affected population; and association of alcoholism, violence and sexually transmitted infections. The literature points out weaknesses in the processes of prior assessment, during and in the monitoring after implementation, of studies on the social and environmental impacts on the health of the affected populations, as well as reinforces the need for collective and systemic construction of possibilities and mitigating actions of the projects.