Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Browser-Based Applications : Positive or Negative Transference ? Browser-Based Applications : Positive or Negative Transference ?

Applications that run on top of web browsers dominate the Internet today. Given the many similarities among these applications’ features, positive transference from one to another is often seen as an important source of ease-of-use for such applications. This paper examines the many differences in the way similar features are implemented in different browserbased applications, analyzing the way these inconsistencies can lead to negative transference (interference) that degrades rather than enhances usability.
Pseudo-capsule "coffin effect": how to prevent penile retraction after implant of three-piece inflatable prosthesis.

OBJECTIVE Following three-component implantation of a penile prosthesis, some patients are dissatisfied with their penile length. This may be due to the procedure by itself or pre-existing risk factors or psychological reasons. We supposed that formation of a restricted pseudo-capsule due to a late prosthesis activation can inhibit later system expansion. We aimed to identify the presence or absence of penile retraction after implant and to prevent it by immediate prosthesis activation after implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-six patients operated with three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (AMS 700 CX o LGX) were enrolled. In 27 patients prosthesis was first activated four weeks after surgery (NEA group) and in 19 patients prosthesis was activated immediately after surgery (DEA group). Length and girth of the penis was evaluated before (in DEA group) and after the surgical procedure. RESULTS The average post implant dorsal length of the erect penis in group NEA was found 3.28 cm shorter than in group with early activation (DEA). In DEA group there was no lenght difference between pre-operative stretching (14.57 cm) and post operative erection (14.98 cm). When early activation was not performed, the clinical result was a smaller penis in erect phase. CONCLUSION Reduced lenght of the penis after implantation can be caused by the presence of a pseudo-capsule that limits the elongation of the prosthesis and of the penis ("coffin effect"). Timing of first activation seems to be the key in order to prevent the risk of penile retraction after implantation. Early activation is identified as the best measure to maintain the length of the pre implant erect penis after the prosthetic hydraulic implant.
The effect of type of aftercare follow-up on treatment outcome among alcoholics.

Past research on methods for actively engaging alcoholics in aftercare has been mixed with respect to the effects of such efforts on treatment outcome. The present study examined whether active follow-up methods do aid in engaging the alcoholic in treatment, whether such procedures improve treatment outcome and how much responsibility the therapist must be willing to assume in order to maintain the patient in treatment. Appointment keeping was significantly improved by a home-visit follow-up method in the first 6 months postdischarge (p less than .01). However, there was no one-to-one correspondence between improved therapy attendance and improved treatment outcome. When subjects were classified into treatment dropout and treatment completion groups, however, a treatment effect was achieved. The most intensive follow-up condition increased the probability of treatment completion, supporting to some degree the utility of aggressive follow-up. However, it was concluded that the cost of such procedures probably will limit their use since a significant economic variable (number of days hospitalized during the follow-up year) was not affected by type of aftercare.
Sub-15 nm nano-pattern generation by spacer width control for high density precisely positioned self-assembled device nanomanufacturing

We present a conventional micro-fabrication based thin film vertical sidewall (spacer) width controlled nano-gap fabrication process to create arrays of nanopatterns for high density precisely positioned self-assembled nanoelectronics device integration. We have used conventional optical lithography to create base structures and then silicon nitride (Si3N4) based spacer formation via reactive ion etching. Control of Si3N4 thickness provides accurate control of vertical sidewall (spacer) besides the base structures. Nano-gaps are fabricated between two adjacent spacers whereas the width of the gap depends on the gap between two adjacent base structures minus width of adjacent spacers. We demonstrate the process using a 32 nm node complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) platform to show its compatibility for very large scale heterogeneous integration of top-down and bottom-up fabrication as well as conventional and selfassembled nanodevices. This process opens up clear opportunity to overcome the decade long challenge of high density integration of self-assembled devices with precise position control.
Cognitive–Behavioral Factors Associated With Sleep Quality in Chronic Pain Patients

People with chronic pain commonly complain of sleep disturbance. This study reports the characteristics of the pain and sleep of a large sample of patients with chronic pain (n = 160). This study compared subgroups of good sleepers with pain (n = 48) and poor sleepers with pain (n = 108). Poor sleepers with pain were younger and reported more pain, pain-related disability, depression, pain-related anxiety, and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep. Using simultaneous regression analysis, this study examined the roles of pain, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pain-related disability, depression, and pain-related anxiety in predicting concurrent sleep quality. The findings are relevant to the development of models of sleep disturbance comorbid with chronic pain.
Unique role of allergens and the epithelium in asthma

The respiratory epithelium has been regarded as an inert barrier separating the human airway from the external world. Equally allergens have been perceived to be environmental proteins which interact with immunocompetent cells, activate inflammatory cells via IgE and promote the allergic response. However many allergens are biochemically active and are able to increase epithelial permeability and to stimulate epithelial cells to produce cytokines, adhesion receptors and MHC Class II expression. Thus the biochemical properties of allergens are likely to be important in enhancing the allergic responses and disease.
A two-stage cascode CMOS LNA for UWB wireless systems

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a promising new technology with great potential for short-range ultra-high-speed wireless communication systems. In this paper, a low noise amplifier (LNA) with broadband matching using a resonant circuit that has excellent gain flatness in the frequency range of 3 GHz to 6 GHz is designed for UWB applications. The TSMC 0.18 mum RF CMOS technology was used for simulation. Thus the final design does not require any off-chip components, being fully integrated. The LNA presented utilizes feedback and is composed of two cascode stages for the purpose of controlling both gain and noise. This paper describes the design approaches as well as the simulation results of the broadband LNA
Intel threading building blocks - outfitting C++ for multi-core processor parallelism

Multi-core chips from Intel and AMD offer a dramatic boost in speed and responsiveness, and plenty of opportunities for multiprocessing on ordinary desktop computers. But they also present a challenge: More than ever, multithreading is a requirement for good performance. This guide explains how to maximize the benefits of these processors through a portable C++ library that works on Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and Unix systems. With it, you'll learn how to use Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB) effectively for parallel programming -- without having to be a threading expert. Written by James Reinders, Chief Evangelist of Intel Software Products, and based on the experience of Intel's developers and customers, this book explains the key tasks in multithreading and how to accomplish them with TBB in a portable and robust manner. With plenty of examples and full reference material, the book lays out common patterns of uses, reveals the gotchas in TBB, and gives important guidelines for choosing among alternatives in order to get the best performance. You'll learn how Intel Threading Building Blocks: * Enables you to specify tasks instead of threads for better portability, easier programming, more understandable source code, and better performance and scalability in general * Focuses on the goal of parallelizing computationally intensive work to deliver high-level solutions * Is compatible with other threading packages, and doesn't force you to pick one package for your entire program * Emphasizes scalable, data-parallel programming, which allows program performance to increase as you add processors * Relies on generic programming, which enables you to write the best possible algorithms with the fewest constraints Any C++ programmer who wants to write an application to run on a multi-core system will benefit from this book. TBB is also very approachable for a C programmer or a C++ programmer without much experience with templates. Best of all, you don't need experience with parallel programming or multi-core processors to use this book.
Synthesis And Characterization Of C xSi yHA For Bone Tissue Engineering Application

The main goal of this work is to prepare carbon an d silicon co-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite (Cx-Siy-HA) for bone tissue engineering application. This study includes the synthesis of pure powders with a controlled amount of carbona te (x) and silicate (y) ions within the apatite structure, their characterization with the establis hment of database for different compositions, and t he manufacture of dense bioceramics. Carbon-silicon co -substituted hydroxyapatite (C 0.5-Si0.5-HA) powders are synthesized by aqueous precipitation. A ccording to structural, spectroscopic and elemental characterizations, silicate and carbonate are included in the apatite lattice and their stoichiometries are controlled. The heat treatments u der CO2 atmosphere allow the sintering of pellets without decomposition of the apatite struct ure.
Effects of acute exercise and detraining on insulin action in trained men.

Seven endurance-trained subjects [maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) 64 +/- 1 (SE) ml.min-1.kg-1] underwent sequential hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps on three occasions: 1) in the "habitual state" 15 h after the last training bout (C), 2) after 60 min of bicycle exercise at 72 +/- 3% of VO2max performed in the habitual state (E), and 3) 5 days after the last ordinary training session (detrained, DT). Sensitivity for insulin-mediated whole-body glucose uptake was not affected by acute exercise [insulin concentrations eliciting 50% of maximal insulin-mediated glucose uptake being 44 +/- 2 (C) vs. 46 +/- 3 (E) microU/ml] but was decreased after detraining (54 +/- 2 microU/ml, P less than 0.05) to levels comparable to those found in untrained subjects [Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Endocrinol. Metab. 17): E248-E259, 1988]. Near-maximal insulin-mediated glucose uptake (responsiveness) was higher than in untrained subjects and not influenced by acute exercise or detraining [13.4 +/- 1.2 (C), 12.2 +/- 0.9 (E), and 12.2 +/- 0.3 (DT) mg.min-1.kg-1]. Calculated by indirect calorimetry, the glucose-to-glycogen conversion was not influenced by E but was reduced during detraining (P less than 0.05) yet remained higher than previously found in untrained subjects (P less than 0.05). However, only on E days did muscle glycogen increase during insulin infusion. Glycogen synthase activity was increased on E and decreased on DT compared with C days. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Secure resource allocation in OFDMA-based cognitive radio networks with two-way relays

In this paper, we consider a two-way cooperative communication framework to provide secure communications for secondary users within an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based underlay cognitive network. By proposing a radio resource allocation problem with the aim of maximizing the secrecy sum-rate of secondary users and solving it, we show that deployment of relays is vital to achieve a non-zero secrecy sum rate. Also, impact of two-way relay in system performance improvement is clearly visible in comparison with one-way relay such that it can roughly double the resulting system secrecy sum-rate. The impact of different system parameters on the achievable secrecy sum rate for both one-way and two-way relay is also investigated and compared through simulations.
A Secret Key Generation System Based on Multipath Channel Randomness: RSSI vs CSSI

We design and analyze a method to extract secret keys from the randomness inherent to wireless channels. We study a channel model for the IEEE 802.11a orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing channel. We analyze the fundamental limits of key generation for this model and describe an implementation based on error correcting codes. We study key extraction based both on channel state information (CSI) and on received signal strength indicators (RSSI). Due to the reduction in the degree-of-freedom when going from CSI to RSSI, the rate of key extraction based on CSI is far higher than that based on RSSI. This suggests that making CSI information available to higher layers would greatly assist in key generation. We prototype a key generation system based on low-density parity-check codes. We describe the implementation and performance of two systems: one based on binary LDPC codes and the other (useful at higher signal-to-noise ratios) based on four-ary LDPC codes.
Three‐dimensional structure of the ribosomal translocase: elongation factor G from Thermus thermophilus.

The crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus elongation factor G without guanine nucleotide was determined to 2.85 A. This GTPase has five domains with overall dimensions of 50 × 60 × 118 A. The GTP binding domain has a core common to other GTPases with a unique subdomain which probably functions as an intrinsic nucleotide exchange factor. Domains I and II are homologous to elongation factor Tu and their arrangement, both with and without GDP, is more similar to elongation factor Tu in complex with a GTP analogue than with GDP. Domains III and V show structural similarities to ribosomal proteins. Domain IV protrudes from the main body of the protein and has an extraordinary topology with a left‐handed cross‐over connection between two parallel beta‐strands.
Reported prevalence of congenitally missing teeth in two Norwegian counties.

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of hypodontia (congenital absence of one or more teeth) has been reported to vary between 2.2 and 10.1%, but few studies on the prevalence of oligodontia (congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, third molars excluded) have been performed. The aims of the present study were to examine the reported prevalence of hypodontia and oligodontia among 18-year-old individuals in two Norwegian counties. A further aim was to examine the distribution of missing teeth in this sample. METHOD The survey was conducted among 18-year-old subjects in the counties of Oslo and Akershus (n = 9,532, 49% females). Public dentists were asked to count registered congenitally missing and extracted teeth. RESULTS The reported prevalence of hypodontia was found to be 4.5%, and was significantly higher among females (5.1%) than males (4.0%). The teeth most often missing were the mandibular second premolars (47% of all missing teeth) followed by the maxillary second premolars and lateral incisors (both 20% of all missing teeth). The reported prevalence of oligodontia was found to be 0.084%. CONCLUSION Hypodontia was seen in 450 of 1000 and oligodontia 8.4 of 10.000 persons in this sample.
Control of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by alphaG(i) and RGS proteins.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been shown previously to be regulated by inhibitory G proteins. In the present study, we demonstrate inhibition of CFTR by alphaG(i2) and alphaG(i1), but not alphaG(0), in Xenopus oocytes. We further examined whether regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins interfere with alphaG(i)-dependent inhibition of CFTR. Activation of CFTR by IBMX and forskolin was attenuated in the presence of alphaG(i2), indicating inhibition of CFTR by alphaG(i2) in Xenopus oocytes. Coexpression of the proteins RGS3 and RGS7 together with CFTR and alphaG(i2) partially recovered activation by IBMX/forskolin. 14-3-3, a protein that is known to interfere with RGS proteins, counteracted the effects of RGS3. These data demonstrate the regulation of CFTR by alphaG(i) in Xenopus oocytes. Because RGS proteins interfere with the G protein-dependent regulation of CFTR, this may offer new potential pathways for pharmacological intervention in cystic fibrosis.
Coupling of cell migration with neurogenesis by proneural bHLH factors

After cell birth, almost all neurons in the mammalian central nervous system migrate. It is unclear whether and how cell migration is coupled with neurogenesis. Here we report that proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors not only initiate neuronal differentiation but also potentiate cell migration. Mechanistically, proneural bHLH factors regulate the expression of genes critically involved in migration, including down-regulation of RhoA small GTPase and up-regulation of doublecortin and p35, which, in turn, modulate the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton assembly and enable newly generated neurons to migrate. In addition, we report that several DNA-binding-deficient proneural genes that fail to initiate neuronal differentiation still activate migration, whereas a different mutation of a proneural gene that causes a failure in initiating cell migration still leads to robust neuronal differentiation. Collectively, these data suggest that transcription programs for neurogenesis and migration are regulated by bHLH factors through partially distinct mechanisms.
A 15.5-dBm 160-GHz High-Gain Power Amplifier in SiGe BiCMOS Technology

This letter presents the design of a 160 GHz cascode based differential power amplifier (PA) realized in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. It consists of 4 driving stages and an output power stage, providing a peak differential gain of 30 dB and a 3-dB small-signal bandwidth of around 50 GHz. Gain is enhanced by means of inductive positive feedback in the common-base stage. By using optimally sized HBTs in the power stage and operating in the weak avalanche region, high output power is achieved. The designed PA achieves a peak differential $P_{\textrm {sat}} $ of 15.5 dBm at 160 GHz and a PAE of 7.2%, which is to-date the highest reported output power for PAs above 150 GHz, in Si-based technologies.
Towards a Semantic Network of Dante's Works and Their Contextual Knowledge

We present the achievements of the ‘Towards a Digital Dante Encyclopaedia’ project, a 3-year Italian National Research Project that aims at building a digital library endowed with services supporting scholars in creating, evolving, and consulting a digital encyclopaedia of Dante Alighieri and his works. Our main goal is to represent and visualize the knowledge of the primary sources that Dante refers to in his works. Currently, this information is scattered in many books, making it difficult to systematically overview the culture of Dante in order to obtain a well-founded perception of how this culture was gradually constructed over time. We describe a semantic representation of the involved texts and knowledge based on the Semantic Web languages. The representation is freely available as an XML document, and it can be easily acquired, e.g. by other researchers in order to extend the representation with additional texts and knowledge. We also present a web application that allows users to extract and display these texts and knowledge in the form of charts and tables. In particular, the application supports the visualization of the data related to the primary sources according to different parameters (e.g. in chronological order, by author, by work). Furthermore, it allows exploring the dynamics of the multi-faceted culture of Dante in relation to the diverse and often conflicting stages of his biography.
A model for the mechanism of human topoisomerase I.

The three-dimensional structure of a 70-kilodalton amino terminally truncated form of human topoisomerase I in complex with a 22-base pair duplex oligonucleotide, determined to a resolution of 2.8 angstroms, reveals all of the structural elements of the enzyme that contact DNA. The linker region that connects the central core of the enzyme to the carboxyl-terminal domain assumes a coiled-coil configuration and protrudes away from the remainder of the enzyme. The positively charged DNA-proximal surface of the linker makes only a few contacts with the DNA downstream of the cleavage site. In combination with the crystal structures of the reconstituted human topoisomerase I before and after DNA cleavage, this information suggests which amino acid residues are involved in catalyzing phosphodiester bond breakage and religation. The structures also lead to the proposal that the topoisomerization step occurs by a mechanism termed "controlled rotation. "
Exact Solutions of a Generalized Weighted Scale Free Network

We investigate a class of generalized weighted scale-free networks, where the new vertex connects to m pairs of vertices selected preferentially. The key contribution of this paper is that, from the standpoint of random processes, we provide rigorous analytic solutions for the steady state distributions, including the vertex degree distribution, the vertex strength distribution and the edge weight distribution. Numerical simulations indicate that this network model yields three power law distributions for the vertex degrees, vertex strengths and edge weights, respectively.
Differential Role of Gamma Interferon in Inhibiting Pulmonary Eosinophilia and Exacerbating Systemic Disease in Fusion Protein-Immunized Mice Undergoing Challenge Infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Secondary exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can lead to immunopathology and enhanced disease in vaccinated individuals. Vaccination with individual RSV proteins influences the type of secondary RSV-specific immune response that develops upon challenge RSV infection, as well as the extent of immunopathology. RSV-specific memory CD4 T cells can directly contribute to immunopathology through their cytokine production. Immunization of BALB/c mice with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the attachment (G) protein of RSV results in pulmonary eosinophilia upon RSV challenge, whereas immunization of mice with a vv expressing the fusion (F) protein does not. We analyzed the CD4 T-cell response to an I-Ed-restricted CD4 T-cell epitope within the F protein of RSV corresponding to amino acids 51 to 66 in an effort to better understand the similarities and differences in the immune response elicited by the G versus the F protein. Vaccination with the G protein induces a mixture of RSV G-specific Th1 and Th2 cells with a restricted T-cell receptor repertoire. In contrast, we demonstrate here that immunization with the F protein elicits a broad repertoire of RSV F-specific CD4 T cells that predominantly exhibit a Th1 phenotype. However, in the absence of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), RSV F51-66-specific CD4 T cells secreted interleukin-5, and mice developed pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. IFN-γ-deficient mice exhibited decreased weight loss compared to wild-type controls, suggesting that IFN-γ exacerbates systemic disease. These data demonstrate that IFN-γ can have both beneficial and detrimental effects during a secondary RSV infection.