Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Replacement of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis) Peel Meal with Maize Offal on Apparent Digestibility and Nutrient Intake of West African Dwarf (Wad) Goats

Sixteen West African Dwarf (WAD) goats of mixed sexes, aged between 5 -7 months of age and having an average weight of 6.80 kg were used to assess the nutrient digestibility and intake of diets containing graded levels of sweet orange peel meal (SOPM) in a completely randomized design. Four diets A, B, C and D containing 0%, 12.5%, 25% and 50% SOPM respectively were formulated and fed to the WAD goats for 84 days. Results show that there was no effect (p>0.05) of treatment on dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, nitrogen free extract and ether extract digestibility of WAD goats. Nutrient intake was also not affected (p>0.05) among the treatment groups except ether extract intake where treatments A, B, and C were significantly higher (p>0.05) than treatment D, while between treatment A, B and C there was no difference (p>0.0). The study shows that SOPM can be used to replace maize offal up to 50% without negative effect on nutrient digestibility and intake of WAD.
Performance of lambs fed formaldehyde treated mustard oil cake and bakery waste based concentrate mixture

Sixteen male Nali lambs (7–8 months, 15–16 kg BW) divided into 4 equal groups in a randomized block design were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric rations in 4 different treatments viz. T1: control, containing cotton seed cake (CSC), T2: CSC replaced by mustard oil cake (MOC) on protein basis, T3: CSC replaced by 1% formaldehyde (HCHO) treated MOC, and T4: CSC replaced by 1% HCHO treated MOC and wheat bran (WB) by bakery waste on protein basis along with sewan (Lasirus sindicus) hay for a period of 120 days. At the end of growth trial, a metabolism trial of seven days was conducted to know the digestibility of nutrients. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and proximate principles were similar in four treatments. Palatability score in terms of DM intake per 100 kg body weight and per kg W0.75 was significantly (P<0.01) lower in T3 and T4 in comparison to T1 and T2. Feed efficiency in terms of weight gain and wool production was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 and T4 in comparison to T1 and T2. The average body weight gain of lambs in T3 and T4 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than T1 and T2 with an average daily gain of 76.9±2.59, 57.8±4.11, 120.0±3.13 and 102.2±2.26 g in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. All the animals were in positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. Significantly (P<0.05) higher nitrogen balance and blood urea nitrogen was observed in T3 and T4 in comparison to other groups. Highly significant (P<0.01) effect of treatment on greasy fleece weight and clean wool yield indicated better performance of T3 and T4 groups. Results indicated adequate scope for replacement of CSC by 1% HCHO treated MOC and WB by bakery waste in the ration of lambs without any adverse effect on growth, digestibility of nutrients and wool production in sheep.
A high-resolution,hybrid compact-WENO scheme with minimized dispersion and controllable dissipation

In this paper,a high-resolution,hybrid compact-WENO scheme is developed based on the minimized dispersion and controllable dissipation reconstruction technique. Firstly,a suffcient condition for a family of tri-diagonal compact schemes to have independent dispersion and dissipation is derived. Then,a specific 4th order compact scheme with low dispersion and adjustable dissipation is constructed and analyzed. Finally,the optimized compact scheme is blended with the WENO scheme to form the hybrid scheme. Moreover,the approximation dispersion relation approach is employed to optimize the spectral properties of the nonlinear scheme to yield the true wave propagation behavior of the finite difference scheme. Several test cases are carried out to verify the highresolution as well as the robust shock-capturing capabilities of the proposed scheme.
Seasonal Climate Prediction and Adaptation Using Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Agriculture Systems in Southern Africa: A Review

Erratic rainfall and increasing temperature is rapidly emerging as one of the most serious global problems affecting many sectors in the world. It is considered to be one of the most serious threats to sustainable development with adverse impact on environment, human health, food security, economic activities, natural resources and physical infrastructure. Southern Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change in the world, particularly because of widespread poverty, recurrent droughts, inequitable land distribution, over-dependence on rain-fed agriculture and low adaptive capacity. Yet rural farmers in southern Africa have managed to survive the vagaries of climate change over the years. This review reveals that these rural farmers can use indigenous knowledge to cope and adapt to climate change. Availability and access to scientific weather information to make cropping and other decisions at the local level remain key issues to usage of climatic data by rural farmers. On the other hand, indigenous knowledge is what rural farmers have been using but is also becoming unreliable due to climate change and variability. Integration of indigenous knowledge and scientific seasonal forecast seems to be a key possible thrust to reduce vulnerability, enhance resilience of rural farmers and increase their adaptive capacity.
Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H. M. S. Beagle: CHAPTER V

Preface 1. Porto Praya 2. Rio de Janeiro 3. Monte Video 4. Rio Negro 5. Bahia Blanca 6. Set out for Buenos Ayres 7. Excursion to St. Fe 8. Monte Video - Excursion to Colonia del Sacramiento 9. Rio Plata 10. Santa Cruz 11. Tierra del Fuego, first arrival 12. Falkland Islands 13. Strait of Magellan 14. Valparaiso 15. Chiloe 16. San Carlos, Chiloe 17. Valparaiso - Passage of Andes by Portillo pass 18. Bell mountain 19. Galapagos Islands volcanic 20. Tahiti 21. Sydney 22. Keeling Island 23. Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Addenda Index.
Il contributo di Antonino Mineo alla statistica italiana

Antonino Mineo (1936-2008), professore ordinario di Statistica Metodologica, è stato una figura importante di statistico nel panorama italiano e internazionale. I suoi contributi scientifici sono stati prevalentemente nell’ambito della statistica multivariata, della statistica computazionale e delle distribuzioni di errori accidentali non normali. Fra le attività istituzionali è stato Preside della Facoltà di Economia di Palermo, e fondatore del Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche e Matematiche Silvio Vianelli. In questo lavoro, che costituisce anche una bibliografia ragionata dell’opera di Mineo, vengo presentati i contributi principali di Mineo, inquadrandoli nella loro cornice storica
Measuring Iron and Zinc Bioavailability in Humans

Iron and zinc deficiencies are common in populations dependent on cereal-based diets because of the poor bioavailability of these minerals in those foods. Selective breeding of high-mineral grains can improve the total intake of iron and zinc. However, the additional iron and zinc from those grains may not be available for absorption because of the high phytate content of cereals. Iron and zinc bioavailability needs to be measured before the high-mineral crops are promoted. Iron or zinc bioavailability can be measured from the response of a physiological variable, assessment of body retention, tissue or blood uptake, changes in pool size, or rates of absorption. Iron bioavailability is preferentially measured from erythrocyte uptake of oral radioactive or stable iron tracers; zinc bioavailability is measured from the rate of absorption of an oral isotopic tracer compared with an intravenous tracer. The oral label, which is required for studies of both iron and zinc, may be intrinsically added to the plant during growth or extrinsically added before feeding. Iron and zinc bioavailability from intrinsically and extrinsically labelled normal and high-mineral common bean varieties was tested in young women with low iron stores. The absorption of intrinsic and extrinsic labels of iron and zinc did not differ. The bioavailability of iron and zinc from both varieties was low, about 1.5% and 13%, respectively. Methods to improve the bioavailability of iron and zinc from plant foods need to be developed.
AINTEGUMENTA negatively regulates age-dependent leaf senescence downstream of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and is regulated by many internal and external cues. As a repressor of auxin signaling, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 (ARF2) is involved in control of several developmental processes, but its functional mechanism on how to positively regulate leaf senescence has not been clearly defined. Here, we examined AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), a member of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, and found that ANT played an important role in extending leaf longevity. The loss-of-function ant-1 mutant showed premature leaf senescence, whereas overexpression of ANT led to a delay in leaf senescence. Genetic analysis revealed that loss of ANT repressed the delayed leaf senescence phenotype in arf2-5 mutant. Taken together, our results suggest that ANT is involved in regulation of leaf senescence downstream of ARF2.
Feed Intake, Growth Mate and Physiological Responses During Spring and Hot Dry Season in Karae Fries Males

In order to investigate the impact of rise in ambient temperature on feed intake, growth rate and physiological responses during spring and summer season, five Karan Fries males (1.0–1.5 years age) were selected. The animals were provided ad libitum feed and water. The feed intake of growing calves decreased from 3.81 to 2.81 kg/100 kg BW with the increase in the temperature humidity index (THI). Blood hemoglobin and PCV content were significantly lower (P<0.05) during hot summer than spring season. Physiological parameters viz. respiration rate (R2=0.25), heart rate (R3=0.34),) and rectal temperature (R2=0.51) were found to be positively correlated with THI. The study indicates a negative impact of higher THI on the feed intake, growth rate and on physiological responses thereby indicating that Karan Fries animals require protection from rising temperature and humidity.
Re-envisioning State and Tribal Collaboration in Fishery Assessment and Restoration

In 2007, the state of Michigan and five tribes entered into a consent decree that provides opportunity for collaborative fishery assessments and restoration activities. The struggles found in state and tribal cooperation are well known by many fisheries practitioners; less well known is the benefit, although described extensively in literature. To achieve this benefit, each participating culture must be granted an equitable and mutually beneficial role in the comanagement arrangement. To comprehend the range of perspectives and values for fishery assessment and restoration activities, we conducted semistructured interviews with state and tribal agency participants and evaluated work plan data. Similarities included focus on ecosystem sustainability and harvest opportunities; however, participants often assigned and described value differently through divergent western and indigenous knowledge systems. New areas for fostering cultural understanding, broader views, collaboration, and networking to develop s.
Effects of Predator Size and Female Receptivity on Courtship Behavior of Captive-Bred Male Guppies

The effects of predator size and female receptivity on the courtship behavior of captivebred male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were investigated. Male guppies exhibited riskreckless courtship behavior in that they did not decrease the amount of time spent performing visually conspicuous sigmoid displays and increase the frequency of attempted forced copulations when large predatory fish were present. Female receptivity (i.e., virgin or non-virgin females) also had no effect on male courtship behavior.
Joint inferences from cytoplasmic DNA and fossil data provide evidence for glacial vicariance and contrasted post‐glacial dynamics in tamarack, a transcontinental conifer

Tamarack (Larix laricina) is an early‐successional transcontinental boreal conifer occurring within the spruce‐fir dominated forest. The aim was to infer the species biogeographical history and to assess the putative genetic imprint left by interspecific competition during post‐glacial migration, using cytoplasmic DNA and fossil data.
ESTIMATION DE LA PÉRIODE D'INTRODUCTION DU VIRUS SCHMALLENBERG DANS DEUX DÉPARTEMENTS FRANÇAIS LIKELY INTRODUCTION DATE OF SCHMALLENBERG VIRUS IN TWO FRENCH DEPARTMENTS USING SEROLOGICAL STUDIES IN CATTLE

Lors de l’ete 2011 un syndrome febrile d’etiologie inconnue s’est manifeste chez les bovins en Allemagne et aux PaysBas, caracterise principalement par de l’hyperthermie, des diarrhees et une baisse de la production laitiere (Muskens et al. 2012; Hoffmann et al. 2012). L’Institut Friedrich Loeffler (Allemagne) revele chez ces bovins la presence d’un Orthobunyavirus jusqu’ici inconnu, le virus Schmallenberg (SBV) (Hoffmann et al. 2012). Durant l’hiver 2011-2012, des cas de malformations chez des agneaux nouveau-nes, imputables au SBV, sont aussi observes en Allemagne, en Belgique et aux Pays-Bas (Hoffmann et al. 2012 ; Garigliany et al. 2012). Les premiers departements francais touches sont la Meurtheet-Moselle et la Moselle (Dominguez et al. 2012). Outre le syndrome febrile observe pendant les phases de viremie chez les adultes, le virus est responsable d’avortements tardifs, de mortinatalite ou d’un syndrome d’arthrogrypose-hydranencephalie chez les produits des trois especes de ruminants domestiques (Van der Brom, 2012).
S1P1 receptor expression during the embryonic development of the nervous system

Materials and Methods o Immunohistochemistry: 20 μm cryosections of mouse (C57BL6) embryos ages E13.5, E15.5, E17.5 and P2 were cut from the brain and thoracic regions of the spinal cord (n = 3). o Images were acquired on an Olympus IX81 fluorescent microscope using Cell Sens Imaging software and analysed with ImageJ software. o The primary antibodies used are shown in table 1. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (1:1000)
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN THE SPOTTAIL PINFISH, DIPLODUS HOLBROOKI

Seasonal, gender, and ontogenetic differences in mean percent lipids and fatty acid profiles of muscle tissue in 48 adult and six juvenile spottail pinfish were investigated. Mean percent lipid for adults and juveniles were 2.23 and 2.00, respectively, comparable to other marine fish. The highest monthly mean percent lipid in adults, 3.76, was found in September, whereas the lowest, 1.69, was found in April. A higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in all fish except September fish, which were highest in saturated fatty acids. Mean percent lipid was higher in mature females compared to males in March but not in April, possibly associated with spawning. In contrast to adults, except for September fish, juveniles had lower arachidonic and higher eicosapentaenoic fatty acid percentages, resulting in a lower n-6:n-3 ratio.
The population ecology of the roan antelope, Hippotragus equinus (Desmarest) in the Kruger National Park.

Kruger;roan;social behaviour;distribution;population dynamics;reproduction;territory;marking behaviour;agonistic behaviour;foods and feeding;growth;age and sex determination;protozoology;bacteriology;mycology;virology;competition;habitat;Conservation principles;water provision;control
Studies on the Root Hairs in Rice Plant.

The morphological studies on the development of the root hairs in rice plants which were grown in various conditions with reference to soils, were carried on in this experiment. It was found that the root hairs of the seedlings in the moist chamber were produced at about 1000μ from the root tip and at about 4.1∼13.0 mm in the paddy fields. Generally the root hairs were formed in the short cells of the epidermis of the root with polarity. When the soil of the paddy field was in the way of oxidation, the root hairs were found at farther distance from the root tip than in the reductive soil and furthermore they were numerous in number and longer in length. On the contrary, the formation of them was poor when the soil was reductive.
Treatments with Nisin and Chelators to Reduce Salmonella and Escherichia coli on Beef †.

Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 or Escherichia coli O157:H7 attached to lean beef tissue were treated with citrate, lactate, sodium hexametaphosphate, or EDTA, alone or in combination with nisin in simple buffers, and incubated at 4°C for up to 3 days. Lactate with nisin reduced S. typhimurium attached to beef by 040 log10 CFU/cm2, while EDTA and nisin reduced E. coli O157:H7 by 0.42 log10 CFU/cm2. Unlike earlier in vitro studies in which treatments with nisin and chelating agents resulted in reductions of > 4 log10 CFU/cm2, such reductions were not observed in situ.
Acidolysis of terebinth fruit oil with palmitic and caprylic acids in a recirculating packed bed reactor: optimization using response surface methodology

The acidolysis reaction of terebinth fruit oil with caprylic and palmitic acid has been investigated. The reaction was catalyzed by lipase (Lipozyme IM from Rhizomucormiehei ) and carried out in recirculating packed bed reactor. The effects of reaction parameters have been analyzed using response surface methodology. Reaction time (3.5–6.5 h), enzyme load (10–20%), substrate flow rate (4–8 mL·min -1 ) and substrate mole ratios (Terebinth oil : Palmitic acid : Caprylic acid, 1:1.83:1.22–1:3.07:2.05) were evaluated. The optimum reaction conditions were 5.9 h reaction time, 10% enzyme load, 4 mL·min -1 substrate flow rate and 1:3.10:2.07 substrate mole ratio. The structured lipid obtained at these optimum conditions had 52.23% desired triacylglycerols and a lower caloric value than that of terebinth fruit oil. The melting characteristics and microstructure of the structured lipid were similar to those of commercial margarine fat extracts. The results showed that the structured lipid had the highest oxidative stability among the studied fats.
Aerobic Respiration during Sulfide Exposure in the Marine Echiuran Worm Urechis caupo

Urechis caupo inhabit U-shaped burrows in mudflats where they are exposed to toxic hydrogen sulfide. During tidal exposure sulfide levels average 27μM and oxygen levels average 77 mmHg. The oxygen consumption rate (V̇o2) of U. caupo was measured at varying partial pressures of oxygen and with and without sulfide to investigate whether aerobic respiration is maintained during tidal exposure. Animals exposed to PO₂'s as low as 32 mmHg and sulfide concentrations of less than 30 μM did not significantly change V̇o2 (mean V̇o2 = 0.039 ± 0.016 mL O₂·g⁻¹·h⁻¹), although there was a general trend of increased V̇o2 with increased sulfide. We investigated whether this animal avoids sulfide toxicity by oxidation of sulfide catalyzed by coelomic fluid hematin. A positive correlation was found between V̇o2 and hematin concentration for animals exposed to 4-29 μM sulfide. The V̇o2 of coelomic fluid samples measured in vitro showed a peak V̇o2 and positive correlation with hematin concentration at 17 μM sulfide. Oxygen consumption rates of hematin isolated from the coelomic fluid showed a positive correlation between V̇o2 and sulfide concentration at 1.0 and 1.8 mM hematin, and V̇o2 was significantly greater at 1.8 mM hematin in the presence of sulfide. These results suggest that oxygen consumption in U. caupo is not inhibited at environmental oxygen and sulfide levels and that the elevation in V̇o2 observed in the presence of sulfide in vitro may be due to oxidation of sulfide by coelomic fluid hematin.
An assessment of biochemical, phytochemical and antinutritional compositions of a tropical fern: nephrolepis cordifolia l.

This study determined the biochemical, nutrients, phytochemical, ascorbic acid; anti-nutritional, elemental and toxicity levels of the leaflets of Nephrolepis cordifolia mainly to investigate its nutritive potentials. Ground sample of dried leaflets was used to determine proximate and elemental analyses, dry matter, ascorbic acid and cyanide; phytate and oxalate as anti-nutritional substances. Na+, K+ and Ca²+ were determined using flame photometer while elemental composition was determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results of the proximate analysis showed that it contained 10.28% protein, 65.40% moisture, 1.27% ash, 1.58% crude fibre, 21.47% carbohydrate while fat was not detected; 34.59 g/100 g dry matter and 23.76 mg/100 g ascorbic acid. The mineral elements present included Sodium 45.500 + 0.000 mg/L, Potassium 141.200 ± 0.007 mg/L, Calcium 26.900 ± 0.003 mg/L, Chromium 0.135 ± 0.002 mg/L, Iron 7.486 ± 0.042 mg/L, Manganese 0.689 ± 0.004 mg/L, Copper 7.242 ± 0.002 mg/L, Cadmium, 0. 149 ± 0.00 1 mg/L, Lead 1.017 ± 0.002 mg/L, Nickel 0.027 ± 0.006 mg/L, Zinc1.075 ± 0.002 mg/L. Arsenium and Magnesium were not detected. Phytochemical screening showed that saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar and carbohydrates were present while flavonoids, philobatannins and alkaloids were not detected. The anti-nutritional compound found includes 0.06 mg/100 g oxalate but phytate was not detected and toxic component was 0.16/100 g hydrogen cyanide. Acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, hemi-cellulose and lignin were also determined. The absence of phytate and the extremely low levels of both oxalate and hydrogen cyanide in this plant are highly remarkable. Thus, the use of this plant as fodder and its extract as part of animals' diet may not pose any serious health problems to the ruminants eating it. Key words: Anti-nutritional, Animal Feeds, Herbivore, Nephrolepis cordifolia , Toxicity Levels
Linkage Analysis of SPR3 Locus and Pi45(t) , and Evaluation of Yield-Related Traits Using Near Isogenic Lines From a Cross Between Japonica Rice

Although traditional rice varieties and wild rice species exhibit vast genetic diversity, the transfer of useful genes to modern varieties is often hampered by linkage drag. In this study, the previously identified blast resistance locus Pi45(t) from a cross between ‘Ilpumbyeo’ and ‘Moroberekan’ was linked to the spreading-type panicle caused by the SPR3 locus. Using InDel4 and RM17579 linked to the Pi45(t) and the SPR3 , respectively, the distance between the two loci was estimated to be 6.9cM. This suggests a tight, yet incomplete linkage and provides the opportunity to utilize Pi45(t) in breeding programs without including SPR3 . Two groups based on the genotype at the SPR3 locus were assembled; the CLosed Panicle (CLP) and SPReading panicle (SPR) groups, with lines which were homozygous for the Ilpumbyeo and Moroberekan alleles, respectively. A comparison between the traits of CLP and SPR groups revealed a decrease in 1000-grain weight and length and an increase in spikelets per panicle and secondary branches in the SPR group. This complicates selection against SPR3 as it is not clear whether these quantitative trait loci are linked to either SPR3 or Pi45(t) . Re-evaluation of these traits using lines recombinant at the two loci would be necessary to clarify this issue.