Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Glucose on Swarming Motility of Paenibacillus sp. CK214

Paenibacillus is a gram-positive, spore-forming aerobes that was previously classified as a Bacillus species. Paenibacillus sp. CK214 was highly motile on LB agar plates and showed typical colonial morphology of Paenibacillus. However, its motility was defective in the absence of glucose. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the cells of CK214 cultured on LB agar plates were peritrichously flagellated but not flagellated in the presence of glucose. Flagellar filaments were purified by centrifugation after shearing off from the CK214 cells with vigorous pipetting. The purified protein was composed of a single flagellin with an apparent molecular size of 29 kDa. Recognition of the protein by anti-Edwardsiella tarda flagellin protein antibody demonstrates that the protein is a flagellin protein. A decreased level of flagellin protein was detected in CK214 cells grown under glucose-supplemented media.
Volatiles in Different Floral Organs, and Effect of Floral Characteristics on Yield of Extract fromBoronia megastigma(Nees)

Abstract The relative amounts of volatile compounds in the extract and headspace from each floral organ were assessed in order to identify the main organs for accumulation and emission. The mass of flowers/organs, the number/density of oil glands and yield of volatiles were examined for their relationship with extract yield, in clonal and non-clonal plants. Boronia flowers were divided into component organs and the solvent extractable product and headspace above each organ type was quantified. The petals comprised 50% of the weight of the flowers, and the stigma 20%; however, the stigma contributed 70% of the total volatile compounds to extract from the whole flower. Proportionately more β-ionone and dodecyl acetate were emitted from the stigma and anthers than were contained in the extract, compared with other volatiles. The sexual organs are morphologically equipped for emission of volatiles to attract pollinators. Between non-clonal plants, there was a lower coefficient of variation for extract yield than for values relating to extract composition, indicating that the former is more heritable than the latter. Variation between clonal plants was reduced compared with variation between non-clonal plants. The environment modifies yield and quality of extract in clonal plants, indicating that both have relatively low heritability. No significant relationships between any floral characteristics and extract yield were found. Biosynthetic potential to accumulate extract is therefore of prime importance, and the effect of environment on this potential should be the subject of future work.
Determination of iodine in the muscles of two marine fish species and lobster from the

Iodine has been known to be an essential trace element in human as a component of thyroid hormones which influence reproduction, growth and development, energy metabolism, neuromuscular function and protein synthesis. In this study iodine content in muscles of two highly consumed species of marine fish including Tiger-toothed croaker (Otolithes ruber) and Indo-Pacific king mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus) and marine lobster (Panulirus homarus) was determined by spectrophotometry method. Fish and lobsters were caught from coastal part of south Iran, Persian Gulf. The mean value of iodine in Tiger-toothed croaker and Indo-Pacific king mackerel and lobster was found to be 195±108.9, 179±93.39 and 287.4±78.8 µg kg -1 , respectively, on a dry weight basis. A great variation was found between individuals within a species and between lobster and fish, but no statistical difference was observed between two studied fish species.
Distorsions de ségrégation et amélioration génétique des plantes (synthèse bibliographique)

La distorsion de segregation (DS) des alleles est un phenomene commun a tous les etres vivants. Decrite comme une grande force de l’evolution, elle est causee par divers facteurs genetiques ou physiologiques, influences par l’environnement. Aleatoires ou non, les facteurs de distorsion de segregation ont des effets considerables sur l’amelioration des cultures et la cartographie de leur genome. L’analyse de nombreux resultats impliquant une distorsion de segregation d’alleles a permis la caracterisation partielle des causes et des effets de ce phenomene. Les resultats obtenus montrent que l’importance de la DS depend du type de marqueurs moleculaires utilises et de la nature des populations etudiees. Des recherches complementaires sont necessaires pour une meilleure identification des facteurs generateurs de distorsion de segregation et une plus precise evaluation de leurs effets. La realisation de cartographies genetiques denses, associee a des analyses cytogenetiques, devraient permettre de rapides progres.
Locomotor and postural behavior in Alouatta palliata and Cebus capucinus

Positional behavior of two platyrrhine monkeys, Alouatta palliata and Cebus capucinus, was observed at La Pacifica and Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. Frequency data for locomotion, postures, support diameters, orientation of supports, and use of canopy were recorded on focal males and females. Alouatta palliata is a frequent user of arboreal quadrupedalism (47%) and climbing (37%), with bridging (10%) representing the next most frequent type of locomotion. Intraspecific comparisons show the smaller‐sized females of Alouatta to prefer very small diameter supports, the lower canopy, and to climb more frequently than the larger males—a pattern opposite to that which has been documented to occur with increasing body size across species. A more limited study on Cebus capucinus shows this species to be highly quadrupedal (54%) with moderately high locomotor frequencies for climbing (26%) and leaping (15%).
Physiological and Ecological Function within the Phytochrome Family

290 INTRODUCTION 290 LIGHT AS AN ECOLOGICAL FACTOR 291 THE PHYTOCHROME FAMILY 291 The PHY Genes . 291 The Phytochromes . 292 Phytochrome Mutants . 293 Phytochrome Transgenics. 294 PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF PHYTOCHROMES A AND B 294 The Phytochrome Response Modes . 294 PhyA Mediates the FR-HIR . 295 Response Modes Mediated by PhyB . 298 Is Pfr the Only Active Form? 300 The Importance of Phytochrome Concentration. 302 Which Phytochrome Mediates the VLFR? 303 PRESUMED ROLES OF THE PHYTOCHROMES IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT . 303 Problems of Scaling-Up from Physiology to Ecology . 303 Germination . 304 Etiolation and De-etiolation 305 Proximity Perception and Shade Avoidance. 306 Biotechnological Opportunities . 308 TOWARD A LIFE HISTORY OF PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 309 0066-4294/95/060 1-0289$05 . 00 289
The Influence of the Proinflammatory Cytokine, Osteopontin, on Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease, characterized by inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, possibly due to autoimmunity. Large-scale sequencing of cDNA libraries, derived from plaques dissected from brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), indicated an abundance of transcripts for osteopontin (OPN). Microarray analysis of spinal cords from rats paralyzed by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, also revealed increased OPN transcripts. Osteopontin-deficient mice were resistant to progressive EAE and had frequent remissions, and myelin-reactive T cells in OPN–/– mice produced more interleukin 10 and less interferon-γ than in OPN+/+ mice. Osteopontin thus appears to regulate T helper cell–1 (TH1)–mediated demyelinating disease, and it may offer a potential target in blocking development of progressive MS.
Genotypic Variation among Glycine spp. for Ability to Acclimate to Saturated Soil

The ability to acclimate to, and grow well under saturated soil culture conditions (SSC) is a ubiquitous trait in soybean (Glycine max) but little information has been reported about this novel adaptive trait in wild Glycine spp. The ability of 39 diverse accessions from one wild annual and eight wild perennial Glycine spp. to acclimate to, and grow in SSC was therefore evaluated, and responses compared with those of three cultivars of soybean. Plants were exposed to SSC 26 days after sowing, and measurements made, after a further month, of the number of nodules, leaf area, and dry matter accumulation of roots, stems and leaves. None of the wild perennial Glycine spp. (subgenus Glycine) acclimated to SSC. Necrotic tissue developed in some perennial accessions as soon as six days from the imposition of SSC, and all of the perennial accessions died during the experiment. In contrast, both of the annual species within subgenus Soja (soybean, and its presumed wild progenitor, G. soja) acclimated to SSC. The subsequent rate of recovery tended to be slower in G. soja than soybean. The responses are consistent with the hypothesis that the ability to acclimate to SSC is a wild-type trait, expression of which was amplified in soybean during domestication in rice-based agriculture.
Plant community mycorrhization in temperate forests and grasslands: relations with edaphic properties and plant diversity

Questions Mycorrhizal symbiosis plays a key role in plant communities. Its prevalence in plant communities (mycorrhization) at larger spatial scales has so far been mostly qualitative, while quantitative studies incorporating the mycorrhizal traits of plant species are scarce. This study aims to: (1) determine the variation in general and arbuscular mycorrhization in temperate forests and grasslands, (2) study the effects of soil N, pH and moisture on mycorrhization, and (3) determine the relationships between mycorrhization and plant diversity. Location Temperate forests and grasslands in Estonia, Northern Europe. Methods To quantify mycorrhization we used a plant community mycorrhization index – community mean of mycorrhizal status weighted by plant species abundances. The effects of edaphic factors characterized by cumulative Ellenberg values on mycorrhization were analysed using linear mixed models, and the relationship between mycorrhization and diversity was evaluated with partial correlation and variance partitioning. Results General mycorrhization was higher in forests and lower in grasslands, opposite to arbuscular mycorrhization. Soil N, pH and moisture negatively impacted general mycorrhization, whereas arbuscular mycorrhization was positively affected by soil pH and negatively by soil N and moisture. Plant species richness was negatively correlated with general mycorrhization in forests, whereas arbuscular mycorrhization was positively associated with plant species richness, Shannon and Simpson indices in forests and across ecosystems. Conclusions Mycorrhization is highly dependent on soil conditions and related to plant diversity, showing its importance for vegetation science. The plant community mycorrhization index used in this study is a promising tool for quantifying the prevalence of mycorrhizal symbiosis along environmental gradients.
Human ecology and problems of demography.

The author argues the case that "biodemography and population genetics are areas closely related to problems of adaptation of man to the environment on a population level. Several studies are discussed based on research [on Poland] by the Department of Human Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. " Consideration is given to the demographic impact of environmental change the biological effects of demographic processes and demographic and biological indexes as measures of social tension and cultural values. (SUMMARY IN SCR) (EXCERPT)
Archive of SID A NEW SPECIES OF SATUREJA (LAMIACEAE) FROM IRAN

Satureja kermanshahensis is described as a new species from Iran. It is characterized by a dense columnar spicate inflorescence, 3-10 cm long, verticillasters 2-flowered and densely glandular pubescent leaves. It grows in crevices of rocks in Kermanshah province in western Iran. It is compared with S. coerulea from Bulgaria, Romania and NW Turkey, S. bachtiarica and S. edmondi growing in western Iran.
Revealing customer dominant logic in healthcare services

With the increasing interest in the customers' role in service processes and value creation, there is a need to explore customer dominant logic in real service settings. This study focuses on the appearance and characteristics of customer dominant logic through a case study conducted in a healthcare service organisation. The main findings of the study concern how customer dominant logic appears in certain situations, when the service provider utilises information about a customer's life and ecosystem. The study results provide a rich contribution towards a deeper understanding of customer dominant logic in services. Practical suggestions are offered to service managers to make their services more customer-centric.
Morphological Study of Two Closely Related Marine Planktonic Diatoms: Bellerochea malleus and Helicotheca tamesis

Abstract In this paper, we show morphological features of two marine planktonic diatoms that are phylogenetically related, as suggested by molecular studies: Bellerochea malleus and Helicotheca tamesis. In order to study Bellerochea malleus specimens of the species were isolated from samples collected from marginal coral reefs located in the southern portion of Puerto Rico and cultured in the laboratory. Specimens of the species Helicotheca tamesis were isolated from net phytoplankton samples collected from the tropical Mexican Pacific and also cultured in the laboratory. The two species were examined by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of Bellerochea malleus agrees well with previous reports: cells arranged in relatively long chains, united by the horn-shaped apical elevations, elliptical valves (not triangular) with depressed valve face bearing an eccentric annulus, from which numerous costae radiate, formation of costate ocelli, and one eccentric or marginal protruded and tubular rimoportula per valve. Helicotheca tamesis also shows the typical morphological features of this species: cells are solitary or form long and distinctly twisted chains, with no apparent apertures between sibling valves, valves are linear to elliptical, weakly silicified and flat. Furthermore, we found one conspicuous and protruded rimoportula per valve, located eccentrically or marginally (not central as previously described), consisting of an elliptic tubular structure. The cingulum is composed of numerous half-bands and segmented copulae. This study compares the morphology of these two species, with a special emphasis on the structure of the rimoportulae. Bellerochea / Diatoms / Helicotheca / Morphology / Phytoplankton / Rimoportulae
AN OSSIFIED TENDON TRELLIS IN CHASMOSAURUS (ORNITHISCHIA: CERATOPSIDAE)

The ornithischia and its sister group, the Saurischia, comprise the Dinosauria. Ornithischians (Weishampel, 2004) are a diverse group of primarily quadrupedal herbivores that include such familiar dinosaurs as the armored stegosaurs and ankylosaurs (Thyreophora), as well as the duckbilled hadrosaurs, pachycephalosaurs, and ceratopsians (Cerapoda). the Ceratopsia (You and Dodson, 2004) includes a number of relatively small basal forms such as psittacosaurs and Neoceratopsia, which comprises protoceratopsids and the larger, more derived horned Ceratopsidae.
A Native American Technology Transfer: The Diffusion of Potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) deserves merit as one of the most important foods of the world, as well as a notable example of dissemination to the rest of the world of a crop domesticated solely by native South Americans. It was unknown to Europeans until the onset of exchanges between the two hemispheres that commenced after the voyages of Christopher Columbus. Even though samples of potato are thought to have arrived in Spain around 1570, and Spanish chroniclers were writing of its huge contribution to the sustenance of Andean civilizations even before it was introduced to Europe as a botanical curiosity, the potato remained a poorly understood plant for nearly a century. These writings were in many cases not available until modern times, long after potato became a staple on the continents to which it was introduced. An example of this is the large tome of Don Felipe Huaman Poma de Ayala, written in 1584–1614, entitled Nueva Cronica y Buen Gobierno. This was one of the most detailed narratives of life in Peru after the establishment of Spanish rule. The author, a Peruvian native raised and educated by Catholic clergy, sent his manuscript to the Spanish king as a 1400-page document complete with numerous sketches (Fig. 1). However, it was little noticed and probably never seen by the king, for it was taken by the Danish ambassador to Denmark where it was completely forgotten for three centuries, until it was discovered in the Royal Library of Denmark in 1908. Certainly, the strange journey of this most informative record prevented Europeans from being properly informed of the potential of the potato, which remained a plant enigma all too long. It described potato cultivation and the importance of it as a foodstuff in the context of the agriculture of the day. The author was born before the Spanish conquest and the existence and ingestion of potato was neither strange nor noteworthy to him; thus, he listed it along with other crops. Several sketches depicted the planting and harvesting of potato and removal of the harvest to storage buildings, and allusions were made to different cultivars and their particular place in the agricultural production system (Fig. 1). Jose de Acosta, who traveled in South America from 1571 to 1576, wrote:
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) petals: A new biological source of Lutein

Lutein (L) is a carotenoid, which, along with its stereo isomer Zeaxanthin (Z), are but two of the more than 600 plant pigments in the carotenoid class which are potential as preventive medicine against diuresis, diarrhea, and several inflammatory diseases. The present investigation is aimed at isolation of Lutein from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) petals and its ability to quench reactive oxygen species. The hexane extract of Helianthus annuus L. had negligible amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids and microgram quantities of α– tocopherol, proteins, sugars and ascorbic acid. The spectral analysis showed the presence of Lutein rich fraction when compared with signature wavelength at 421nm, 446nm and 472nm of standard Lutein. Lutein at 20µg/ml effectively inhibited peroxidation of lipids, hydroxyl radical formation and DPPH radical formation to the tune of 86%, 92% and 90% respectively, whereas, -tocopherol, curcumin and butylated hydroxy anisole, when used at dose ~12 times more (400µM) than Lutein showed 75–95% inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging of hydroxyl and DPPH radicals
Infrequent Extra-Pair Paternity in the Banded Wren, a Synchronously Breeding Tropical Passerine

Abstract. Many species of socially monogamous birds engage in extra-pair copulations, but the extent of extra-pair paternity varies considerably by species. The ecological conditions contributing to interspecific variation in rates of extra-pair paternity remain unclear. We used a combination of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites to document extra-pair paternity in the Banded Wren (Thryothorus pleurostictus), a socially monogamous neotropical passerine that lives in a highly seasonal environment. The rate of extra-pair paternity was relatively low, with extra-pair males siring 4% of offspring in 10% of nests. This low rate is consistent with current hypotheses predicting low rates of extra-pair paternity in nonmigratory species in which survivorship of adults is high, and it is contrary to the pattern predicted by hypotheses linking synchronous breeding with high rates of extra-pair paternity. Extra-pair males sang better and were more genetically similar to females than the males they cuckolded, though our sample size for this comparison was limited. Our data will be useful for future comparative studies examining ecological correlates of extra-pair paternity. This study also demonstrates the utility of genotyping by single-nucleotide polymorphisms as a powerful alternative to microsatellites for assessing genetic mating systems.
POPULATION GENETICS OF FERAL HORSES: IMPLICATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION

Abstract Feral horses (Equus caballus) in the Garfield Flat Herd Management Area in western Nevada exist as 2 subpopulations most of the year and as a single population once sufficient snow has accumulated to free them from dependence on their respective water sources. Populations were examined for genetic structure using 12 equine microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data also were generated from a distant population in the Granite Range Herd Management Area, in northwestern Nevada. Analyses of microsatellite allele frequencies supported the genetic individuality of the 3 groups. The Garfield Hills groups were marginally differentiated by virtue of low FST and low success in population assignment. Recent population bottlenecks and behavioral isolation are the likely mechanisms for the genetic differences between the 2 Garfield groups. Both Garfield groups were strongly differentiated from the Granite Range horses. Allele frequencies of both Garfield Flat subpopulations were within Hardy-Weinberg expectations, whereas the Granite Range frequencies were not, suggesting population structure beyond that previously identified.
BEHAVIORAL NOTES AND REDESCRIPTION OF THE SOCIALLY PARASITIC ANT MYRMICA LUTEOLA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)

Abstract We detail behavior for the queen of the socially parasitic ant Myrmica luteola Kupyanskaya, and describe the worker, queen, and male. In the laboratory, a M. luteola queen actively invaded a nest of Manica yessensis and consistently rubbed against M. yessensis workers. Further, morphological characteristics that often occur in socially parasitic ants, i.e., short tibial spurs and ventral lobes on the petiole and post-petiole, occur in the queen and workers of M. luteola. The queen is also characterized by a small size (smaller than the worker) and greatly reduced propodeal spines. The observed behavior and morphology strongly suggest that Myrmica luteola is a temporary social parasite.
RNA-RNA Recombination and Evolution in Virus-Infected Plants

Viruses that depend on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) for repli­ cation of their genomic and subgenomic RNAs are subject to high inherent misincorporation of nucleotides that can lead to heterogeneous mixtures of related species (46, 93). It has been proposed that RNA viruses evolved the means for correcting high error rates through an ability to recombine mutant genomes with wild-type genomes, thereby maintaining functional integrity (72). Although originally found only in a select number of animal viruses, RNA recombination is now thought to have been a major factor in the evolution of all viruses (lOS). This view is based on sequence comparisons that suggest past recombination events,as well as the detection of de novo recombinant molecules. The role of RNA recombination in virus evolution is also supported by studies indicating that recombinant viruses have a selective advantage over parental viruses in certain instances ( l0, 72, 86). All types of crossover events can occur intergenically or intragenically. Intergenic recombination occurs between the genetic material derived from two different viruses, whereas intragenic events are possible for viruses with