Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Various Adjuvants on the Systemic Insecticidal Activity of Phorate and Zectran

Eighty-seven adjuvants were screened for their influence on the systemic insecticidal activity of phorate and Zectran®, 4-dimcthylaminino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate. The insecticides, at 100 ppm, and the adjuvants, at 50 ppm, were added to plant nutrient solutions in which cotton seedlings were placed. Boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were confined on the plants for 48 hr. The mortality of boll weevils plants in insecticide plus adjuvant was compared with that on plants exposed to Zectran alone. None of the adjuvants affected the activity of phorate; however, 3 significantly enhanced the systemic activity of Zectran. All 3 were quaternary ammonium chlorides and the only chemicals of this type included in the tests. No synergistic effect was involved and the adjuvants were either affecting the roots or the insecticide in such a manner that the insecticidal activity of Zectran was increased.
Optimal resource allocation between growth and reproduction in clams : why does indeterminate growth exist ?

1. That many animals and plants continue to grow after reproduction begins is a theoretically challenging evolutionary problem. We compare and extend the theories predicting intermediate resource allocation patterns. Our population dynamics model is developed for freshwater clams, which typically show considerable growth after maturity. 2. In the simulations, we used an age- and size-structured discrete-time resource allocation model, and applied dynamic programming algorithms to determine the resource allocation strategies that maximize fitness, measured as expected lifetime production of offspring, R o . 3. High levels of mortality select for early maturity and high reproductive effort. 4. Some adult growth is optimal in cases of size-dependent survival and production rates. However, this is not a sufficient explanation of the levels of adult growth observed. 5. We consider two trade-offs related to the mass of the offspring: one between relative glochidia mass (ratio of glochidia weight to the weight of the rest of the body) and production weight, and the other between relative glochidia mass and survivals In both cases, substantial adult growth is optimal, and the growth curves produced by the model are similar to those observed in clams. We discuss how these trade-offs are likely to arise in freshwater clams.
Some Features of Water Economy and Kidney Microstructure in the Large-Billed Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus)

Terrestrial birds which lack salt glands and live in salt marsh habitats face particularly stressful conditions relative to water economy (Bartholomew and Cade 1963). Several subspecies of savannah sparrows have become adapted to such insular or coastal environments in California and Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). Cade and Bartholomew (1959) studied water economy in two of these (Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus and P. s. beldingi); Poulson and Bartholomew (1962) further extended the research on beldingi. While experimentation with the beldingi race involved numerous birds, data on rostratus were obtained from a single specimen. This one bird demonstrated an ability to maintain body weight when drinking undiluted seawater (after acclimation on lower concentrations), or NaC1 solutions up to 0.55 M (the highest concentration tested); and without water
American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), occurs in ∼1 to 2 individuals per 1000 each year, corresponding to ∼300 000 to 600 000 events in the United States annually. OBJECTIVE These evidence-based guidelines from the American Society of Hematology (ASH) intend to support patients, clinicians, and others in decisions about treatment of VTE. METHODS ASH formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel balanced to minimize potential bias from conflicts of interest. The McMaster University GRADE Centre supported the guideline development process, including updating or performing systematic evidence reviews. The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and adult patients. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess evidence and make recommendations, which were subject to public comment. RESULTS The panel agreed on 28 recommendations for the initial management of VTE, primary treatment, secondary prevention, and treatment of recurrent VTE events. CONCLUSIONS Strong recommendations include the use of thrombolytic therapy for patients with PE and hemodynamic compromise, use of an international normalized ratio (INR) range of 2.0 to 3.0 over a lower INR range for patients with VTE who use a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) for secondary prevention, and use of indefinite anticoagulation for patients with recurrent unprovoked VTE. Conditional recommendations include the preference for home treatment over hospital-based treatment for uncomplicated DVT and PE at low risk for complications and a preference for direct oral anticoagulants over VKA for primary treatment of VTE.
Running of high patient volume radiation oncology department during COVID-19 crisis in India: our institutional strategy

Purpose Due to COVID 19 pandemic, the treatment of cancer patients has become a dilemma for every oncologist. Cancer patients are at an increased risk of immunosuppression and have a higher risk to acquire any infection. There are individual experiences from some centers regarding the management of cancer patients during such a crisis. So we have developed our institutional strategy to balance between COVID and cancer management. Materials and Methods Radiation Oncology departmental meeting was held to prepare a consensus document on Radiotherapy schedules and department functioning during this pandemic. Results Strategies were taken in form of following areas were steps need to be taken to decrease risk of infection, categorise treatment on the basis of priority, radiotherapy schedules modification, academic meetings and management of COVID positive patient/personnel in Radiation Oncology department. Conclusion We hope to strike the balance in overcoming both the battles and emerge as winners. Stringent long term follow up will be done for assessing the response or any unforeseen treatment related sequelae.
The Toxic Effects of Glyphosate, Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, and 2,4‐D on Animal Models: A Systematic Review of Brazilian Studies

Brazil is a global agricultural commodity producer and the largest consumer of pesticides. Pesticide use in Brazil comprised 549 280 tons in 2018. In the country, soybean, corn, and sugar cane are extensively produced, which are the most pesticides demanding crops. In the last years, the records of new pesticides were the highest in the historical series. They can persist in soil or water, accumulate in organisms, and contaminate workers and the general population through the air, water, or food. This review aimed to gather toxicological data obtained by animal models exposed to 4 pesticides: glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, and 2,4‐D. An additional goal was to compose an overview of how this subject has been approached, surveying which research groups are working on this field, where they are located, and relations with pesticides used in those regions. We collected the papers from the platforms PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science, performed in Brazil from 2014 to 2019. After two‐step blind selection using the software Rayyan QCRI by different authors, 67 studies were selected to extract data. We observed that research is more concentrated in the South region, followed by the Southeast and Midwest, with 43%, 32%, and 23% of the studies, respectively. The prevalent institutions are from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and Goiás. The effects on a variety of biomarkers help predict the potential risks to humans and nontarget organisms. The prevalent animal model was fish (36%). Overall, the main toxic effects evaluated were mortality, abnormalities in the blood cells, developmental abnormalities, and behavior alterations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:507–520. © 2020 SETAC
Syncytium cell growth increases Kir2.1 contribution in human iPSC-cardiomyocytes

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) enable cardiotoxicity testing and personalized medicine. However, their maturity is of concern, including relatively depolarized resting membrane potential and more spontaneous activity compared with adult cardiomyocytes, implicating low or lacking inward rectifier potassium current (Ik1). Here, protein quantification confirms Kir2.1 expression in hiPSC-CM syncytia, albeit several times lower than in adult heart tissue. We find that hiPSC-CM culture density influences Kir2.1 expression at the mRNA level (potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2) and at the protein level and its associated electrophysiology phenotype. Namely, all-optical cardiac electrophysiology and pharmacological treatments reveal reduction of spontaneous and irregular activity and increase in action potential upstroke in denser cultures. Blocking Ik1-like currents with BaCl2 increased spontaneous frequency and blunted action potential upstrokes during pacing in a dose-dependent manner only in the highest-density cultures, in line with Ik1’s role in regulating the resting membrane potential. Our results emphasize the importance of syncytial growth of hiPSC-CMs for more physiologically relevant phenotype and the power of all-optical electrophysiology to study cardiomyocytes in their multicellular setting. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We identify cell culture density and cell-cell contact as an important factor in determining the expression of a key ion channel at the transcriptional and the protein levels, KCNJ2/Kir2.1, and its contribution to the electrophysiology of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate that studies on isolated cells, out of tissue context, may underestimate the cellular ion channel properties being characterized.
Altruism, Volunteering and Cognitive Performance Among Older Adults: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study

This study aims to investigate whether altruism and volunteering are associated differently with cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older adults. A 2-year longitudinal study of 291 Brazilian older adults was conducted. In the baseline analysis, altruism, but not volunteering, was associated with higher scores for the composite cognitive score, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the verbal fluency and the CERAD Recall. Concerning the longitudinal analyses, volunteering at baseline, but not altruism, was associated with verbal fluency and CERAD Word List Recall after 2 years of follow up. Same results were obtained while investigating changes in score. Altruism and volunteering were associated with cognitive tests, albeit in different ways. Volunteering, but not altruism, was associated with lower cognitive decline. However, altruism, but not volunteering, was associated with higher absolute score on these tests. These findings can further understanding of this new field of health research.
Identification of membrane-interacting proteins and membrane protein interactomes using Nanodiscs and proteomics

ii Preface. iii Table of contents . iv List of tables. viii List of figures. ix List of abbreviations . xi Acknowledgements . xiii Dedication . xiv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Nanodisc . 1 1.2 Mass spectrometry based proteomics . 3 1.2. 1 Tandem mass spectrometry, LTQ-Orbitrap . 3 1.2. 2 SILAC (stable-isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture) . 3 1.3 Overview of the technique . 4 Chapter 2: Membrane protein interactome in Escherichia coli . 6 2.
Induction of Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryos after Pollination by Irradiated Pollen in Watermelon

Parthenogenetic haploid embryos of 'Crimson Sweet', 'Halep Karasi', 'Sugar Baby' and 'Panonia F 1 ' watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] were obtained after pollination with γ-irradiated (200 or 300 Gy) pollen. Some globular and heart-shaped embryos were observed in fruit harvested 2 to 5 weeks after pollination. The number of embryos per 100 seeds was highest for 'Halep Karasi'. After in vitro culture, It haploid plants were obtained and doubled haploid lines were generated after chromosome doubling using colchicine
Identifying Coevolution Between Amino Acid Residues in Protein Families: Advances in the Improvement and Evaluation of Correlated Mutation Algorithms

Correlated mutation is regarded as a phenomenon induced by the demand of maintaining the structure and/or function of a protein during its biological evolution. Since it is closely related to the underlying mechanism of protein structure and function, tremendous efforts have been made to reveal the relationship between correlated mutations and the structure and function of the protein. In the past few decades, different coevolutionary analysis algorithms have been developed. They have been applied to study various aspects of protein structure and function, such as prediction of disulfide bonds, functionally important residues, residue-residue contacts and protein-protein interaction. Although considerable progress has been achieved so far, obstacles exist in many aspects such as identification, evaluation and interpretation of correlated mutations. In this review, we discuss several essential issues related to the overcoming of these obstacles in coevolution analysis, including the alignment size bias, phylogenetic bias, algorithm evaluation and coevolution interpretation. In particular, we focus on the inconsistent results generated by different algorithms and discuss possible reasons accounting for this discrepancy. We also discuss future challenges and research directions in coevolution analysis.
Low and no calorie sweeteners, diet and health: an updated overview.

INTRODUCTION currently, there is a great deal of controversy surrounding the potential health benefits and risks associated with the use of low and/or no calorie sweeteners (LNCS). OBJECTIVE in the present work, the objective was to briefly address the current role of LNCS consumption in the diet and its effects on health. METHODS a brief narrative review of the most recent tudies and policies available was carried out. RESULTS a limited number of representative studies on the consumption of LNCS and their effect on health are presently available. However, these mostly indicate that the consumption of LNCS can be a useful tool along with other nutritional strategies in the treatment of overweight, obesity, diabetes and the prevention of caries when used appropriately in the context of a balanced diet and physical activity. Still, it is necessary to be cautious with the consumption of certain sweeteners since the effects of LNCS on the intestinal microbiota or its effect on premature deliveries, among others, have not been fully elucidated. CONCLUSIONS it is essential to carry out further studies in order to clarify/establish the safety and value of sweeteners as food ingredients/additives in the medium/long term, in a model of increasing consumption as a consequence of the reformulation of many foods.
Amino Acid Digestibilities of Feedstuffs in Female Turkeys

Abstract Amino acid (AA) digestibilities of a variety of feedstuffs were determined in adult female turkeys using a standard digestibility assay. Digestibilities of these feedstuffs were also determined in roosters. Fish meal, alfalfa meal, barley, blood meal, oats, poultry by-product meal, wheat shorts, and wheat showed few differences between female turkeys and roosters. Digestibility values for corn and milo were significantly lower in turkeys than in roosters. This was true for most AAs and for overall digestibility. Wheat by-products (bran and middlings) were significantly more digestible by female turkeys than by roosters. Feather meal digestibility was also higher in turkeys than in roosters, although lysine and methionine values did not differ significantly. Corn gluten meal was slightly less digestible in female turkeys than in roosters, however, the rooster data was somewhat higher than literature values indicate. Corn gluten feed was somewhat more digestible in roosters than in female turkeys, but overall digestibility did not differ significantly. The data indicate that AA digestibilities of individual feedstuffs differ between female turkeys and roosters.
Caffeine content of three Nigerian cola

Caffeine (1, 3, 5-trimethyl-3-7dihydro-purine-2,6-dione caffeine) being one of the most widely consumed psychoactive drug is both legal and unregulated unlike other psychoactive compounds in nearly all parts of the world including Nigeria, thus quantitative caffeine determination is important. In this study, the levels of caffeine in three species of Cola; Cola accuminata, Cola garcina, and Cola nitida found in the Nigerian were determined. The levels of caffeine in Cola accuminata, Cola garcina and Cola nitida showed varying percentage compositions 4.7%, 0.6% and 2.4% respectively. This observation is strictly regulated by various factors, ranging from environmental, climatic, soil type to genetic. The significance of this work is to establish quantitatively the caffeine content as is being influenced by factors like the environmental, climatic, soil type and genetics as it plays important role on the health its consumers.
Comparison of Traditional and Rest-Redistribution Sets on Indirect Markers of Muscle Damage Following Eccentric Exercise

Abstract Merrigan, JJ, Jones, MT, Malecek, J, Padecky, J, Omcirk, D, Xu, N, Peñailillo, L, and Tufano, JJ. Comparison of traditional and rest-redistribution sets on indirect markers of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1810–1818, 2022—The purpose was to investigate the effect of rest-redistribution (RR) on muscle damage after eccentric knee extensions. After 2 weeks of eccentric familiarization, 11 resistance-trained men performed 2 work-matched isokinetic unilateral eccentric knee extension protocols at 60°·s−1 using a crossover design, separated by 7 days. Subjects performed 40 repetitions with 285 seconds of rest using traditional sets (TS; 4 sets of 10 with 95 seconds of interset rest) and RR (RR; 20 sets of 2 with 15 seconds of interset rest). Muscle morphology, tensiomyography, range of motion, perceived soreness, and strength were measured before and 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hour after RR and TS. There were no protocol × time interactions (p < 0.05). When collapsed across protocol and compared to baseline, echo intensity of the proximal vastus lateralis was 7 ± 9% greater at 0 hour (p = 0.042), echo intensity of the distal vastus lateralis was 6 ± 7% and 9 ± 7% greater at 0 hour (p = 0.048) and 24 hour (p < 0.001), respectively, and passive ROM was 2 ± 1% lower at 48 hour (p = 0.043) after exercise. No other differences existed over time for any other variable. Thus, contrary to concentric performance where RR likely plays a large role in maintaining performance, RR during eccentric isokinetic resistance training does not strongly influence exercise performance and indications of subsequent muscle damage.
Targeted Metabolomic and Transcript Level Analysis Reveals Quality Characteristic of Chinese Wild Grapes (Vitis davidii Foex)

Native to China, spine grapes (Vitis davidii Foex) are an important wild grape species. Here, the quality characteristics of one white and three red spine grape clones were evaluated via targeted metabolomic and transcription level analysis. Xiangzhenzhu (XZZ) had the highest soluble sugar and organic acid content. Malvidin-3-acetyl-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside were the characteristic anthocyanins in spine grapes, and significant differences in anthocyanin composition between different clones were detected. Anthocyanins were not detected in Baiyu (BY) grapes. The transcript levels of VdGST, VdF3′H, VdOMT, VdLDOX, and VdUFGT were significantly related to the anthocyanin biosynthesis and proportions. A total of 27 kinds of glycosidically bound volatiles (including alcohols, monoterpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and phenolic acid) were identified in spine grapes, with Gaoshan #4 (G4) and BY grapes having the highest concentrations. The VdGT expression levels were closely related to glycosidically bound volatile concentrations. These results increase our understanding of the quality of wild spine grapes and further promote the development and use of wild grape resources.
The Role of Hypoxia and SRC Tyrosine Kinase in Glioblastoma Invasiveness and Radioresistance

Simple Summary The biological pathways underlying glioblastoma malignancy and radioresistance are still unclear. In this review, we describe the role of the hypoxic microenvironment and SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase in the activation of radioresistance and invasion pathways of glioblastoma. We also highlight the hypoxia- and ionizing radiation-induced infiltration, providing updated evidences on the involvement of SRC in these processes. Optimizing radiotherapy and identifying druggable molecular players are crucial steps to improve current glioblastoma therapeutic strategies. Abstract Advances in functional imaging are supporting neurosurgery and radiotherapy for glioblastoma, which still remains the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. The typical infiltration pattern of glioblastoma, which impedes a complete surgical resection, is coupled with a high rate of invasiveness and radioresistance, thus further limiting efficient therapy, leading to inevitable and fatal recurrences. Hypoxia is of crucial importance in gliomagenesis and, besides reducing radiotherapy efficacy, also induces cellular and molecular mediators that foster proliferation and invasion. In this review, we aimed at analyzing the biological mechanism of glioblastoma invasiveness and radioresistance in hypoxic niches of glioblastoma. We also discussed the link between hypoxia and radiation-induced radioresistance with activation of SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase, prospecting potential strategies to overcome the current limitation in glioblastoma treatment.
Combining ability for yield and its contributing characters in sesame (Sesamum indicum L)

Among the parents, Tapi for yield, JLT- 54 for seed weight and capsule length, OS Sel-2 for oil content and plant height,. VRI-1 for number of branches and number of capsules and RT-46 for earliness were identified as best general combiners. The crosses Shekhar x VRI-1, TKG-21 x OS-Sel- 2, RT-46 x VRI-1, RT-46 x JLT-54 and JLT-54 x Gopi exhibited significant sca effects for yield and its contributing characters. RT-46 x VRI-1, Shekhar x JLT-54 exhibited significant sca effects for oil content.