Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transurethral procedures in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Background: With the progress of surgical techniques and instruments, various minimally invasive surgical therapies were developed to treat benign prostatic hyperplasisa (BPH). However, the efficacy and safety of different transurethral procedures for the treatment of BPH are still undefined. Method: A systematic search was performed for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which compared the transurethral procedures for BPH from 1995 to 2016. The clinical baseline characteristics, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), postvoid residual (PVR), maximum flow rate (Qmax), short-term and long-term complications were analyzed using RevMan and ADDIS software. Result: Eighty-eight randomly controlled trials and fifteen procedures were included in the network meta-analysis. HoLEP greatly inproved PVR. TmLRP had the best efficacy in improving QoL score. Diode laser vaporization of prostate was superior in improving IPSS and Qmax. Diode laser through vaporization required the shortest time in catheterization, while Nd:YAG was the longest procedure. For the hospitalization time, TUR was the longest and HoLEP was the shortest. TmLRP was related to the lowest postoperative hemoglobin decrease. TmLEP had the least rates of occurrence of hematuria, reoperation and erectile dysfunction. HoLEP was the best choice to reduce the incidence of recatheterization, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, stress urinary incontinence and retrograde ejaculation. The complications such as blood transfusion, urethral stricture, bladder neck contracture were relatively rare in the patients who underwent diode laser vaporization of prostate. Conclusion: Compared with other transurethral procedures, thulium, holmium and diode lasers were associated with better efficacy and fewer complications.
Association between Continuity of Care and the Onset of Thyroid Disorder among Diabetes Patients in Korea

Objectives: As the relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction is well known, it is important to investigate the factors influencing this association. Continuity of care is associated with better quality of care and outcomes, such as reduced complications, among diabetes patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between continuity of care and the onset of thyroid dysfunction among diabetes patients. Methods: We used Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2013. Our final study population included 16,806 newly diagnosed diabetes patients who were older than 45 years of age. Continuity of care was measured using the Continuity of Care index. The dependent variable was the onset of thyroid disorder. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for statistical analyses. Results: Diabetes patients with low continuity of care were at increased risk of the onset of thyroid disorder compared with those with high continuity of care (hazard ratio (HR): 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.54). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was significant within patients with type 2 diabetes (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01–1.52) or whose main attending site was a local clinic (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07–1.64). Conclusions: Our results show that diabetes patients with low continuity of care are more likely to experience the onset of thyroid disorder. Therefore, improving continuity of care could be a reasonable method of preventing complications or comorbidities, including thyroid disorder, among diabetes patients.
[Effect of nocturnal sleep duration and daytime napping on overweight/obesity among adults in Chengdu City].

OBJECTIVE To examine whether nocturnal sleep duration and daytime napping are related to overweight/obesity among adults in Chengdu City. METHODS A total of 1276 adults( women 823, men 453) aged 20-70 years were selected by randomized cluster sampling in 2015. The sleep duration rounded up to the hour was determined according to the answer to the question, "How much time do you usually sleep per night? ", the nap time of subjects were collected according to the answer by the question, "How many days do you have a nap in a week? ". Height and weight were measured to calculate body massindex. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odd ratio( OR) and 95%confidence interval( 95% CI) of overweight/obesity. RESULTS Approximately 66. 38% of subjects had daytime napping habit. After adjustment for potential confounders, OR( 95% CI) of overweight/obesity was 0. 69( 0. 54 - 0. 88) for nap takers compared with individuals without daytime napping habit. One nap increase in a week was associated with-0. 20, -0. 13 BMI in young adults and middle-aged adults. Very short nocturnal sleep duration( < 6 hours) and short nocturnal sleep duration( 6-6. 9 hours) was significantly associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity among middle-aged adults OR = 2. 11( 95% CI 1. 20-3. 76), OR = 1. 93( 95% CI 1. 13-3. 34). CONCLUSION The frequency of daytime napping was negative associated with BMI among young and middle-aged adults. Short nocturnal sleep duration was associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity among middle-aged adults in Chengdu.
Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Decreases During Primary Hip Arthroplasty: An Analysis of Perioperative Regional Cerebral Oxygenation (rSO2), S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B (S100B) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Values. A Pilot Study

Background The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after major joint arthroplasty is high. In the etiology of POCD, many factors have been cited, including thromboembolic complications. The incidence of cerebral embolization after lower extremity arthroplasty may be as high as 40–60%. The potential events of cerebral embolization could lead to a decrease in the regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) and increased serum levels of biochemical markers of brain damage. The objective of the study was to test whether there are any changes in the rSO2 values and serum markers of brain damage in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. Material/Methods Fifteen patients who underwent primary hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia were analyzed. The rSO2 was monitored using infrared spectroscopy. Biochemical analyses of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) protein and fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) serum concentrations were performed using immunoassay methods. Results The values of rSO2 decreased during the surgery, but this was not related to mean arterial pressure variations or hemoglobin saturation. The concentration of S100B was increased compared to its preoperative values, and there were no changes in GFAP values. The changes in rSO2 readings correlated with the biomarkers’ levels just after the surgery. Conclusions Our results suggest that S100B may be a more specific marker of astroglial damage in patients after primary total hip arthroplasty. The decrease in rSO2 readings may be due to micro-thromboembolic events that occurred during the surgery. However, the results of this study are preliminary, and further studies are needed to establish its clinical efficacy.
Neural correlates of cue‐ and stress‐induced craving in gambling disorders: implications for transcranial magnetic stimulation interventions

Gambling disorder (GD), currently considered a behavioral addiction, shows substantial similarities with substance use disorders (SUDs) in terms of neurobiology and phenomenology. These similarities have been recognized in the DSM‐5, although several relevant differences still exist in the diagnostic criteria, in particular, with regard to the role of cue‐ and stress‐ induced craving. Craving, recently included as a new criterion for SUDs diagnosis only, is a key construct also in the pathophysiology of GD. Furthermore, brain imaging studies indicate that similar alterations in cortico‐limbic‐striatal and prefrontal control circuits underlie the emergence of craving states in both disorders. This has important implications for the identification of neurobiologically based anti‐craving interventions, which may be used for both GD and SUDs. In this regard, a novel neuromodulation intervention, named repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), is emerging as a promising treatment for craving in SUDs, and could potentially be effective also in treating gambling urges. Here, we review the clinical neurobiological research on GD, with a specific emphasis on the neural circuits implicated in cue‐ and stress‐craving, taking SUDs as the major comparative example. Furthermore, we describe the studies that have evaluated rTMS as a therapeutic tool for targeting and restoring the neural alterations underlying gambling urge. The manuscript concludes discussing some of the limitations of the current studies, and suggests directions for future rTMS research in GD.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals regulators mediating breast muscle growth and development in three chicken breeds

Abstract Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of muscle growth and development of three chicken breeds. Participants: Eighteen chickens, including three different breeds with different growth speeds (White Broiler, Daheng, and Commercial Layers of Roman), were used. Methods: Total RNA from breast muscle of these chickens was subjected to a gene expression microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and functional enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID. Seven DEGs were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results: Overall, 8,398 DEGs were found among the different lines. The DEGs between each two lines that were unique for a developmental stage were greater than those that were common during all stages. Functional analysis revealed that DEGs across the entire developmental process were primarily involved in positive cell proliferation, growth, cell differentiation, and developmental processes. Genes involved in muscle regulation, muscle construction, and muscle cell differentiation were upregulated in the faster-growing breed compared to the slower-growing breed. DEGs including myosin heavy chain 15 (MYH15), myozenin 2 (MYOZ2), myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), apoptosis regulator (BCL-2), AP-1 transcription factor subunit (JUN), and AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOS) directly regulated muscle growth or were in the center of the protein–protein interaction network. Pathways, including the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and focal adhesion, were the most enriched DEGs between lines or within lines under different developmental stages. Conclusions: Genes involved in muscle construction and cell differentiation were differentially expressed among the three breeds.
Resistance Training Performed to Failure or Not to Failure Results in Similar Total Volume, but With Different Fatigue and Discomfort Levels.

Santos, WDNd, Vieira, CA, Bottaro, M, Nunes, VA, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Steele, J, Fisher, JP, and Gentil, P. Resistance training performed to failure or not to failure results in similar total volume, but with different fatigue and discomfort levels. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The purpose of this study was to compare the acute response to 4 sets of high velocity of parallel squats performed to momentary failure (MF) or not to momentary failure (NF). Twelve women (24.93 ± 5.04 years) performed MF and NF protocols, in a randomized order with 2-3 interday rest. The protocol involved 4 sets of parallel squats executed at high velocity at 10RM load, with 2 minutes of rest interval between sets. During the NF protocol, the sets were interrupted when the participant lost more than 20% of mean propulsive velocity. The analysis involved the number of repetitions performed per set, total number of repetitions, movement velocity loss, power output loss, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), rating of perceived discomfort (RPD), and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Compared with NF, MF resulted in a higher number of repetitions in the first set (11.58 ± 1.83 vs. 7.58 ± 1.72, p < 0.05), but a lower in the last set (3.58 ± 1.08 vs. 5.41 ± 1.08, p < 0.05). Total number of repetitions was similar between the protocols (MF 26.25 ± 3.47 vs. NF 24.5 ± 3.65, p > 0.05). In both protocols, there were significant decreases in maximum and mean movement velocity loss and power output loss, but higher decreases were observed in MF than NF (p < 0.05). Values for RPE, sRPE, and RPD were higher during MF than NF (p < 0.05). Controlling the movement velocity in NF protocol enabled performance of a similar total volume of repetitions with lower movement velocity and power output losses, RPE, sRPE, and RPD than during an MF protocol.
Host and Viral Proteins Modulating Ebola and Marburg Virus Egress

The filoviruses Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus are among the deadliest viral pathogens known to infect humans, causing emerging diseases with fatality rates of up to 90% during some outbreaks. The replication cycles of these viruses are comprised of numerous complex molecular processes and interactions with their human host, with one key feature being the means by which nascent virions exit host cells to spread to new cells and ultimately to a new host. This review focuses on our current knowledge of filovirus egress and the viral and host factors and processes that are involved. Within the virus, these factors consist of the major matrix protein, viral protein 40 (VP40), which is necessary and sufficient for viral particle release, and nucleocapsid and glycoprotein that interact with VP40 to promote egress. In the host cell, some proteins are hijacked by filoviruses in order to enhance virion budding capacity that include members of the family of E3 ubiquitin ligase and the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, while others such as tetherin inhibit viral egress. An understanding of these molecular interactions that modulate viral particle egress provides an important opportunity to identify new targets for the development of antivirals to prevent and treat filovirus infections.
FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer

BACKGROUND Among patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, combination chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) leads to longer overall survival than gemcitabine therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen with gemcitabine as adjuvant therapy in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. METHODS We randomly assigned 493 patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to receive a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen (oxaliplatin [85 mg per square meter of body‐surface area], irinotecan [180 mg per square meter, reduced to 150 mg per square meter after a protocol‐specified safety analysis], leucovorin [400 mg per square meter], and fluorouracil [2400 mg per square meter] every 2 weeks) or gemcitabine (1000 mg per square meter on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks) for 24 weeks. The primary end point was disease‐free survival. Secondary end points included overall survival and safety. RESULTS At a median follow‐up of 33.6 months, the median disease‐free survival was 21.6 months in the modified‐FOLFIRINOX group and 12.8 months in the gemcitabine group (stratified hazard ratio for cancer‐related event, second cancer, or death, 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.73; P<0.001). The disease‐free survival rate at 3 years was 39.7% in the modified‐FOLFIRINOX group and 21.4% in the gemcitabine group. The median overall survival was 54.4 months in the modified‐FOLFIRINOX group and 35.0 months in the gemcitabine group (stratified hazard ratio for death, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.86; P=0.003). The overall survival rate at 3 years was 63.4% in the modified‐FOLFIRINOX group and 48.6% in the gemcitabine group. Adverse events of grade 3 or 4 occurred in 75.9% of the patients in the modified‐FOLFIRINOX group and in 52.9% of those in the gemcitabine group. One patient in the gemcitabine group died from toxic effects (interstitial pneumonitis). CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant therapy with a modified FOLFIRINOX regimen led to significantly longer survival than gemcitabine among patients with resected pancreatic cancer, at the expense of a higher incidence of toxic effects. (Funded by R&D Unicancer and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01526135; EudraCT number, 2011‐002026‐52.)
Cardiopulmonary Baroreflexes in Humans

The sections in this article are: 1 Techniques 1.1 Lower-Body Negative Pressure 1.2 Congesting Cuffs and Hemorrhage 1.3 Elevation of Legs and Lower-Body Positive Pressure 1.4 Head-Out Water Immersion 1.5 Upright Tilting and Respiratory Maneuvers 2 Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptor Control of Forearm Vascular Resistance and Sympathetic Nerve Activity 3 Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptor Control of Splanchnic Circulation 4 Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptor Control of Venous Tone 5 Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptor Control of Heart Rate 6 Cardiopulmonary Baroreceptor Control of Renin and Vasopressin 6.1 Renin Release 6.2 Vasopressin Secretion 7 Interaction of Cardiopulmonary, Carotid, and Somatic Reflexes 8 Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction 8.1 Mechanisms of Bradycardia and Hypotension With Inferoposterior Infarction 8.2 Mechanisms of Tachycardia and Hypertension With Anterior Myocardial Infarction 9 Pathological States 9.1 Bradycardia and Hypotension During Coronary Arteriography 9.2 Chronic Heart Failure 9.3 Hypertension 9.4 Syncope
Precision Cardio-Oncology

Modern oncologic therapies and care have resulted in a growing population of cancer survivors with comorbid, chronic health conditions. As an example, many survivors have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to cardiotoxic systemic and radiation therapies. In response, the field of cardio-oncology has emerged as an integral component of oncologic patient care, committed to the early diagnosis and treatment of adverse cardiac events. However, as current clinical management of cancer therapy–related cardiovascular disease remains limited by a lack of phenotypic data, implementation of precision medicine approaches has become a focal point for deep phenotyping strategies. In particular, -omics approaches (a field of study in biology ending in -omic, such as genomics, proteomics, or metabolomics) have shown enormous potential in identifying sensitive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, applying sophisticated, pattern-revealing technologies to growing databases of biologic molecules. Moreover, the use of -omics to inform radiologic strategies may add a dimension to future clinical practices. In this review, we present a paradigm for a precision medicine approach to the care of cardiotoxin-exposed cancer patients. We discuss the role of current imaging techniques; demonstrate how -omics can advance our understanding of disease phenotypes; and describe how molecular imaging can be integrated to personalize surveillance and therapeutics, ultimately reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in cancer patients and survivors.
Towards a Formal Approach for Detection of Vulnerabilities in the Android Permissions System

— Android is a widely used operating system that employs a permission-based access control model. The Android Permissions System (APS) is responsible for mediating application resource requests. APS is a critical component of the Android security mechanism; hence, a failure in the design of APS can potentially lead to vulnerabilities that grant unauthorized access to resources by malicious applications. In this paper, we present a formal approach for modeling and verifying the security properties of APS. We demonstrate the usability of the proposed approach by showcasing the detection of a well-known vulnerability found in Android’s custom permissions.
Epigenetic regulation of myelination in health and disease

Myelin is lipid‐rich structure that is necessary to avoid leakage of electric signals and to ensure saltatory impulse conduction along axons. Oligodendrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in peripheral nervous system (PNS) are responsible for myelin formation. Axonal demyelination after injury or diseases greatly impairs normal nervous system function. Therefore, understanding how the myelination process is programmed, coordinated, and maintained is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for remyelination in the nervous system. Epigenetic mechanisms have been recognized as a fundamental contributor in this process. In recent years, histone modification, DNA modification, ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling, and non‐coding RNA modulation are very active area of investigation. We will present a conceptual framework that integrates crucial epigenetic mechanisms with the regulation of oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell lineage progression during development and myelin degeneration in pathological conditions. It is anticipated that a refined understanding of the molecular basis of myelination will aid in the development of treatment strategies for debilitating disorders that involve demyelination, such as multiple sclerosis in the CNS and neuropathies in the PNS.
Effects of different cooking technologies on biopolymers modifications of cereal-based foods: Impact on nutritional and quality characteristics review

Abstract Biopolymers are molecules that are present in nature and they are chain-like molecules made up of repeating chemical block. The main components of raw materials used to produce cereal food are represented by biopolymers like starch, proteins, fiber and lipids. The production of cereal food can be carried out by conventional cooking methods, as baking carried out by hot air oven and extrusion-cooking, or innovative technologies that uses radiofrequency, infrared, microwaves heating and vacuum baking. The modifications of biopolymers that occurring during processing of cereal food are focused above all on extrusion-cooking technology and conventional baking, instead the effects of innovative cooking methods on changes and interactions of biopolymers of cereal food are very scanty. This review is aimed to deal in depth and to compare the recent researches, about the modifications and interaction of biopolymers of cereal food that occurring during conventional and innovative cooking methods in order to address the scientific research devoted to this field toward many aspects that are still unknowns.
3D Arrays of Super-Hydrophobic Microtubes from Polypore Mushrooms as Naturally-Derived Systems for Oil Absorption

Porous materials derived from natural resources, such as Luffa sponges, pomelo peel and jute fibres, have recently emerged as oil adsorbents for water purification, due to their suitability, low environmental impact, biodegradability and low cost. Here we show, for the first time, that the porosity of the fruiting body of polypore mushrooms can be used to absorb oils and organic solvents while repelling water. We engineered the surface properties of Ganoderma applanatum fungi, of which the fruiting body consists of a regular array of long capillaries embedded in a fibrous matrix, with paraffin wax, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane. Morphological and wettability analyses of the modified fungus revealed that the OTS treatment was effective in preserving the 3D porosity of the natural material, inducing super-hydrophobicity (water contact angle higher than 150°) and improving oil sorption capacity (1.8–3.1 g/g). The treated fungus was also inserted into fluidic networks as a filtration element, and its ability to separate water from chloroform was demonstrated.