Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XCS Algorithms for a Linear Combination of Discounted and Undiscounted Reward Markovian Decision Processes

RESUME : Plusieurs etudes ont montre que combiner certains predicteurs ensemble peut ameliorer la justesse de la prediction dans certains domaines comme la psychologie, les statistiques ou les sciences du management. Toutefois, aucune de ces etudes n'ont teste la combinaison de techniques d'apprentissage par renforcement. Notre etude vise a developper un algorithme base sur deux algorithmes qui sont des formes approximatives d'apprentissage par renforcement repetes dans XCS. Cet algorithme, MIXCS, est une combinaison des techniques de Q-learning et de R-learning pour calculer la combinaison lineaire du payoff resultant des actions de l'agent, et aussi la correspondance entre la prediction au niveau du systeme et la valeur reelle des actions de l'agent. MIXCS fait une prevision du payoff espere pour chacune des actions disponibles pour l'agent. Nous avons teste MIXCS dans deux environnements a deux dimensions, Environment1 et Environment2, qui reproduisent les actions possibles dans un marche financier (acheter, vendre, ne rien faire) pour evaluer les performances d'un agent qui veut obtenir un profit espere. Nous avons calcule le payoff optimal moyen dans nos deux environnements et avons compare avec les resultats obtenus par MIXCS. Nous avons obtenu deux resultats. En premier, les resultats de MIXCS sont semblables au payoff optimal moyen pour Environments1, mais pas pour Environment2. Deuxiemement, l'agent obtient le payoff optimal moyen quand il prend l'action "vendre" dans les deux environnements. ----------ABSTRACT : Many studies have shown that combining individual predictors improved the accuracy of predictions in different domains such as psychology, statistics and management sciences. However, these studies have not tested the combination of reinforcement learning techniques. This study aims to develop an algorithm based on two iterative approximate forms of reinforcement learning algorithm in XCS. This algorithm, named MIXCS, is a combination of Q-learning and R-learning techniques to compute the linear combination payoff and the correspondence between the system prediction and the action value. As such, MIXCS predicts the payoff to be expected for each possible action. We test MIXCS in two two-dimensional grids called Environment1 and Environment2, which represent financial markets actions of buying, selling and holding to evaluate the performance of an agent as a trader to gain the desired profit. We calculate the optimum average payoff to predict the value of the next movement in both Environment1 and Environment2 and compare the results with those obtained with MIXCS. The results show that the performance of MIXCS is close to optimum average reward in Environment1, but not in Environment2. Also, the agent reaches the maximum reward by taking selling actions in both Environments.
The role of sustainability reporting in the agri-food supply chain

Agricultural sustainability is a growing concern for the general public because of agriculture’s considerable use of land, water, and other natural resources. In response to this concern, companies have started to publish sustainability reports to highlight sustainable practices. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of sustainability reporting from agri-food supply chain companies. In total, 66 agribusinesses were included in this study, of which 16 had published sustainability reports. Data for the quantitative content analysis were collected using a scorecard based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Results indicated that sustainability reporting is limited among companies involved in the agri-food supply chain and reports focus primarily on environmental aspects of sustainability. Though better than sectors studied in previous research, agribusinesses need to align sustainability report content more closely with the three components of the triple bottom line model – environmental, economic, and social.
Some Aspects of Geographic Views on Motivational Factor the Tourist Movements: The Case Northeastern Montenegro

The paper presents some aspects of geographical view of the motivational factor tourist movements in northeastern Montenegro on example, the municipality Berane, Andrejevica and Plav. Bjelasica, high mountain range Komova, spatial zone Berane and Mountain system Prokletija providing opportunities for development of various types of mountain tourism, such as the sports and recreation, health, summer pasture, hiking, hunting, fishing … As another important group of attractive values of, appear attractive and social factors, which allow the counted among the following elements: cultural and historical monuments, cultural institutions, various cultural events . Significant cultural and historical heritage of this part of north-eastern Montenegro, not yet adequately valorized. In order to achieve desired economic growth, change, renewal and improvement of the overall economy, it is understood and tourism, it is appropriate and adequate conception of development strategies. Assessment of the state of tourism is a prerequisite for defining the development goals, which fit into the overall vision of progress and active involvement in the immediate environment and the wider European mainstream.
Sensitivity of the Weddell Sea sector ice streams to sub-shelf melting and surface accumulation

A recent ocean modelling study indicates that possible changes in circulation may bring warm deep-ocean water into direct contact with the grounding lines of the Filchner–Ronne ice streams, suggesting the potential for future ice losses from this sector equivalent to ~0.3 m of sea-level rise. Significant advancements have been made in our knowledge of both the basal topography and ice velocity in the Weddell Sea sector, and the ability to accurately model marine ice sheet dynamics, thus enabling an assessment to be made of the relative sensitivities of the diverse collection of ice streams feeding the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf. Here we use the BISICLES ice sheet model, which employs adaptive-mesh refinement to resolve grounding line dynamics, to carry out such an assessment. The impact of realistic perturbations to the surface and sub-shelf mass balance forcing fields from our 2000-year "reference" model run indicate that both the Institute and Moller ice streams are highly sensitive to changes in basal melting either near to their respective grounding lines, or in the region of the ice rises within the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf. These same perturbations have little impact, however, on the Rutford, Carlson or Foundation ice streams, while the Evans Ice Stream is found to enter a phase of unstable retreat only after melt at its grounding line has increased by 50% of likely present-day values.
Microbiological Studies on Bacteria Associated with Dental Caries

Tooth decay are considered the most common in the world. In spite of the caries of the teeth since childhood, its spread increases with time and this increase is associated significantly with the change of dietary mode of modern humans . The study aims to isolation and identification of important bacteria related to tooth decay, determining the sensitivity of bacteria of certain types of antimicrobial agents and studying the effect of heavy metals on bacterial isolates. A total (50) swabs were collected from mouths of patients from both sexes and their ages range from 1-60 years which are referred to consult the dental clinics and specialized centers, in order to isolate and identify the causative agents that associated with oral diseases . The age group of infection rates showed groups (20-40) and (1-20) were the most infected compared to elder group (40-60) as was the incidence of 44and 32% respectively The antibiotic sensitivity test against the isolates showed the chloramphenicol up to 83.05% was the higher effect sensitivity of Gentamicin and Rifampicin up to 81.35% . While streptomycin 16.94% and penicillin G 64.40% . Also, these differences were found have lower effect for isolates against (7) heavy metals, where it showed resistance to Silver nitrate, Iron chloride, Zinc chloride, lead acetate to100%, while appeared sensitivity to mercury, cadmium and copper sulfate by 100,86.44and 1.69% respectively.
Popularity Evaluation Model for Microbloggers Online Social Network

Recently, microblogging is widely studied by the researchers in the domain of the online social network (OSN). How to evaluate the popularities of microblogging users is an important research field, which can be applied to commercial advertising, user behavior analysis and information dissemination, and so forth. Previous studies on the evaluation methods cannot effectively solve and accurately evaluate the popularities of the microbloggers. In this paper, we proposed an electromagnetic field theory based model to analyze the popularities of microbloggers. The concept of the source in microblogging field is first put forward, which is based on the concept of source in the electromagnetic field; then, one’s microblogging flux is calculated according to his/her behaviors (send or receive feedbacks) on the microblogging platform; finally, we used three methods to calculate one’s microblogging flux density, which can represent one’s popularity on the microblogging platform. In the experimental work, we evaluated our model using real microblogging data and selected the best one from the three popularity measure methods. We also compared our model with the classic PageRank algorithm; and the results show that our model is more effective and accurate to evaluate the popularities of the microbloggers.
An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Domestic Tourists to Kerala

The study on “Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Domestic Tourists to Kerala” is an exploratory attempt to analyze the underlying reasons for Indian domestic travelers choosing Kerala as a holiday destination. 34 push motives and 32 pull motives for domestic tourists to Kerala has been analyzed. The study was conducted through structured questionnaires collected from respondents in South India who had undertaken a Holiday in Kerala in January 2013. A total of 200 questionnaires were collected, of which only 165 were useable for the purpose of this study. Factor analysis found nine underlying push motivations and six pull motivations amongst domestic tourists. As tourism is the most important sector in Kerala, it can be assumed that this study has major managerial implications as an understanding of travel motivations to Kerala would enable the destination planners in designing and positioning the destination’s competitive advantage and image.
Syddansk Universitet Effect of Head and Tongue Posture on the Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions and Morphology in Three-Dimensional Imaging a Systematic Review Gurani,

Objectives: Natural head position is recommended to be optimal at cone-beam computed tomography acquisition. For standardization purposes in control of treatment outcome, it is clinically relevant to discuss, if a change of posture from natural head position may have an effect on the pharyngeal airway dimensions and morphology, during computed tomography, conebeam computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. This was the aim of the present literature review study for purposes of valid evidence, which was hypothesized, to be present. Material and Methods: This systematic literature review has been registered in PROSPERO database with following number: CRD42015024567. A systematic literature search performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was carried out in order to evaluate if the effect of human head or tongue posture has an effect on upper airway dimensions and morphology in CT, CBCT or MRI. Study quality assessment was performed. Predictor variable was head and tongue posture. Endpoints were numerical values of upper airway dimensions and morphology. Results: Overall 1344 articles (Embase 1063, PubMed 269, and Cochrane 12) resulted in four included publications. Quality assessments revealed poor quality and low-level evidence by 46 67% of the maximum achievable score. Heterogeneous methodology made a meta-analysis impossible, consequently a narrative synthesis was performed. Conclusions: Limited, poor quality and low evidence level literature is available on the effect of head posture on upper airway dimensions and morphology in three-dimensional imaging. Valid evidence requires a standardized method of head and tongue posture during image acquisition in future studies.
Effect of Adding Microalgae Chlorella sp. on Some Biological Parameters and Proximate Analysis of Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio L.

Backgrounds: Chlorella is used popularly as dietary supplements. Various studies and researches have been done regarding the intervention of microalgae as foods since a long time ago. And, it is found that Chlorella have potential health benefits, in terms of their protein and antioxidant content. Thus, with an objective of formulating nutritional supplements, this algae are being harvested in artificial ponds on a large scale and could be used in different way such as feed supplemet or a replacement with a source of protein. Objectives: evaluate the effect of feed containing various ratios of Chlorella on some biological parameters in common carp. Methods: The experiment was conducted for 105 days and for these purpose 200 fingerlings common carp C. carpio L. were brought from a local aquarium fish in Iraq. Mean initial weight was 35.7g. The fish were acclimated to laboratory conditions and fed with control pellets (29% protein) prior to the feeding trials for 21 days in fish laboratory/ Dept. of Animal Sciences/ College of Agricultural Sciences/ University of Sulaimani. In T1 fish were fed a diet with 0 Chlorella gm/kg diet,while in T2, fish were fed a diet with 2.5 Chlorella gm/kg diet, T3 represents the third treatment, in which fish were fed on a diet with 5 Chlorella gm/kg diet, and in T4 fish were fed a diet with 7.5 Chlorella gm/kg diet. Results: The present study clearly showed that feeding algae as a feed additive to fish remarkably change the studied biological parameters, in Hepatosomatic index all treatments were significantly differ than the control, Spleenosomatic index the control and T4 were higher significantly than others, in Gonadosomatic index the T2 and T4 were differ significantly while T4 was significantly higher than other treatments in Kidneysomatic index. Fish weight without viscera and weight without viscera & head differ significantly among treatments with the addition of Chlorella the diet. Conclusion: Chlorella can be used as protein rich sources to replace fishmeal or as feeding additives in the diets of common carp fingerlings with different levels. Products that are safe and of good quality.
Violence and Asthma: A Review

Recent research shows that exposure to community violence is, directly and indirectly, associated with asthma. This article reviews the findings on the impact of violence on asthma, and the pathways for the association of violence and asthma are suggested: 1) exposure to violence is directly associated with asthma, mainly through dysregulation of sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, 2) exposure to violence is associated with the change of susceptibility of outdoor air pollution on asthma, probably through the change of an immune response, and 3) behavioral change due to exposure to violence (e.g. keeping children indoors) leads to more exposure to indoor pollutants. The suggested framework may be useful to develop health policy on asthma in high-violence communities.
A tool for optimal operation and design of batteries and its applications to self-consumption

This paper presents a tool for optimal operation and design of batteries and its applications to self-consumption. The recent improvements in capabilities and costs of battery storage technologies might enable new business opportunities. Battery storage is key for operating and managing hybrid off-grid, microgrid and self-consumption systems. The feasibility of integrating batteries in these systems has been shown in previous studies, but the profitability of these business opportunities needs to be demonstrated. The profitability of these opportunities depends on the technical restrictions of the batteries, the behavior of the demand, the grid restrictions, and the regulatory constraints. The analysis of the profitability requires an appropriate model. In its most generic formulation, the model considers electrical and thermal demand, photovoltaic and wind generation profiles, conventional generation and cogeneration, demand response capabilities, and heat pumps and resistors for conversion of electrical power into thermal power. The behavior of batteries is modelled with penalization costs for cycling and for levels of stored energy above or below the recommended margins, ensuring that they are dispatched in a conservative manner to prolong their lifespan. For systems connected to the grid, the maximum power and the limits on feeding excess energy are also considered. The tool is applied to self-consumption considering a hotel building with a photovoltaic panel on its roof. Different business opportunities are studied such as storing the excess generation from renewable energy sources, reducing the power bill, or performing price arbitrage. The developed model compares combinations of batteries of different power ratings and capacities, along with different grid connection contracts to determine the cost for each. To do that, it considers the best allocation of the energy resources, both electrical and thermal, to minimize the total costs of the system. For comparing grid contracts, two variable costs are considered: one related to the maximum power rating, and the other to the energy consumption. Keywords-Energy storage system; optimal sizing; microgrid; renewable energy sources; renewable energy integration
The Ability of Mangosteen Farmer to Finance Mangosteen Farm in Subang District Area

The market share of mangosteen in the domestic and in the word is still large, but Indonesian export of mangosteen is less than 10% of their production because of low quality. In the reality many mangosteen farmer used low input of production in their farm such as fertilizer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ability of mangosteen farmer to finance mangosteen farm. The study used secondary and primary data from the mangosteen farmer in Subang district by using survey method. The data was analyzed by mathematic analysis. The result shows that mangosteen farmers have low ability to finance the mangosteen farm.
Variational Bayesian inference for quantification of brain PET data at the voxel level

PET is a functional nuclear medicine imaging technique widely used to study in vivo physiological processes in the body, which are targeted by an appropriate tracer, as those used in this study: [11C](R)-rolipram, [11C]WAY100635, [11C]PBR28. The purpose of this work is to evaluate, at the voxel level, the performance of a Bayesian method never used before in PET domain: the Variationa Bayes method. In this study analysis on both simulated and real data are presented. VB is compared with WNLLS
THE DIGESTIBILITY AND DEGRADABILITY OF FEEDS AND PROTEIN SOURCES IN DOHNE MERINO SHEEP AND BOER GOATS

34 Introduction 34 Materials and methods 35 Results and discussion 37 Conclusion 42 References 42 Chapter 3: Rumen degradation (in sacco) of lowand high-fibre diets, and of sunflower and soybean meal oilcake in Dohne Merino sheep and Boer goats 46 Abstract 46 Introduction 46 Materials and methods 48 Results and discussion 49 Conclusion 56 References 5746 Introduction 46 Materials and methods 48 Results and discussion 49 Conclusion 56 References 57 Chapter 4: In vitro dry matter degradation of two plant protein sources in Dohne Merino sheep and Boer goats 60 Abstract 60 Introduction 60 Materials and methods 61 Results and discussion 63 Conclusion 70 References 7060 Introduction 60 Materials and methods 61 Results and discussion 63 Conclusion 70 References 70 Chapter 5: General conclusion 73 References 74
Title Reflection in Language Teaching / Learning : Is the EuropeanPortfolio the Answer ?

Publication Information Alderete Diez, Pilar. (2008). Reflection in language teaching/learning: Is the European portfolio the answer? In L. Pérez Ruiz, I. Pizarro Sánchez & E. González-Cascos Jiménez (Eds.), Estudios de Metolodogía de la Lengua Inglesa (IV). Valladolid, Spain: Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid. Publisher Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid Link to publisher's version http://www.publicaciones. uva.es/
Could a national skin cancer primary prevention campaign in Australia be worthwhile?: an economic perspective

SUMMARY This study aimed to determine the potential costeffectiveness of initiating a co-ordinated and comprehensive national skin cancer primary prevention campaign in Australia. The study is undertaken from the perspective of the Federal government as potential funder of a national initiative, but other perspectives are analysed. Using the SunSmart Campaign in the State of Victoria, Australia, as a model for the national program, estimates were made of the reduction in the incidence and associated premature mortality for skin cancer that would accompany reductions in sunlight exposure. Cost offsets to government flowing from the reduction in management costs for skin cancer were estimated and deducted from the cost of the health promotion campaign. Costs affecting individuals, such as the cost of sunscreen, were included in the sensitivity analysis. On the basis of the assumptions used (with a ‘do nothing’ comparator), a national campaign involving a 20-year commitment of $AUD 5 million annually (i.e. 28¢ per person) would avoid 4300 premature deaths and cost $AUD 1360 per life-year saved, or $AUD 14 360 per death deferred. If the cost offsets are included, the program should not only prevent premature deaths but also yield a net saving to government of $AUD 103 million (PV). In the sensitivity analysis the results were robust to a variety of cost and outcome variations. Increasing the lag between decreases in UVR exposure and falls in the incidence of melanoma from 5 to 15 years, and inclusion of costs affecting individuals and their families had the largest effects on cost-effectiveness. The cost per life-year saved (excluding cost effects) increased from $AUD 1360 to $AUD 5103 and $AUD 25 134 respectively. A survey of current expenditure by State/Territory government departments and anticancer bodies on skin cancer primary prevention was carried out as part of the analysis, and an annual commitment of $AUD 5 million by the Federal government represents a doubling of current expenditures (of approximately 14¢ per person). The cost-effectiveness (using a ‘current practice’ comparator) yields a cost of $AUD 2715 per life-year saved (ignoring the cost offsets and using a conservative estimate of improved health outcomes attributed to the new national program). The study results, although indicative only, strongly suggest that a comprehensive national skin cancer primary prevention program would be excellent ‘value for money’ from a variety of perspectives, using both ‘do nothing’ and ‘current practice’ comparators.