Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributionally Robust Bayesian Quadrature Optimization: Supplementary

for any x ∈ X and P ∈ Pn,ρ × X . Let x∗ ∈ arg maxx∈X minP∈Pn,ρ EP (w)[f(x,w)], and P ∗(.|x) = arg minP∈Pn,ρ EP (w)[f(x,w)],∀x ∈ X . Since f is a stochastic process (a GP in our case), x∗ and P ∗ are also random variables. The DRBQO algorithm π maps at a time step t the history Ht = (x1, w1, P1, ., xt−1, wt−1, Pt−1) to a new decision (xt, wt) ∈ X × Sn and conditional distribution Pt ∈ Pn,ρ × X as presented in line 2-3 of Algorithm 1 in the main text. The practical implementation of Algorithm 1 samples (xt, Pt) as follows: xt ∈ arg maxx∈X minP∈Pn,ρ EP (w)[f̃t(x,w)], and Pt(.|x) = arg minP∈Pn,ρ EP (w)[f̃t(x,w)],∀x ∈ X where f̃t is a function sample of f at time t from its posterior GP. Lemma 1. For any sequence of deterministic functions {Ut : X × Pn,ρ ×X → R|t ∈ N},
To prevent the allergic disease: the dream of the allergist

Allergen avoidance, allergen immunotherapy, IgE antagonists, biological medications, prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, probiotics, adapted formula, vitamins, and oligo-elements have been investigated as strategies in the prevention of allergic diseases. Promising findings were obtained. To prevent allergic diseases could be a dream that will be soon realized in clinical practice. (www.actabiomedica.it)
Effectiveness of the integration of quercetin, turmeric, and N-acetylcysteine in reducing inflammation and pain associated with endometriosis. In vitro and in vivo studies.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of oral administration of a novel composition composed of Quercetin, Curcumin, Acetylcysteine in reducing pain in women affected by endometriosis, through the reduction of the inflammatory-hyperproliferative component of the ectopic endometrial tissue. METHODS 33 women with clinical diagnosis of endometriosis from at least 3 months have been enrolled. Patients have been treated daily with 200 mg of Quercetin, 210 mg of dry extract of Curcuma Longa (titrated at 95% in Curcuminoids) and 150 mg of Acetylcysteine (1 tablet of Alliendo) for 2 months. The overall symptomatology with specific reference to dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain and dyspareunia, together with the frequency of NSAID's drugs assumption have been evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. RESULTS Overall, the results collected at the end of the treatment according to the parameters evaluated and above mentioned on the 33 patients enrolled, show a significative improvement in the reduction of pain symptoms associated to endometriosis (p<0,001 for dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain and dyspareunia). The use of NSAID's together with an overall reduction of their dosage and time of assumption has been reduced as well. No significative side effects have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The aforementioned results suggest that administration of the composition described can represent a valuable adjuvant treatment in the reduction of pain symptomatology associated to endometriosis, triggered by inflammatory cascade and hyperproliferation of ectopic tissue.
Methylation Pattern and Expression Dynamics of Methylase and Photosystem Genes Under varying light Intensities in Fugacium kawagutii (Symbiodiniaceae)

Previous studies have documented extensive methylation of CpG islands and abundant methyltransferase gene (DNMT) in Fugacium kawagutii (formerly Symbiodinium kawagutii) genome. However, whether DNA methylation plays a role in regulating gene expression in this and other dinoflagellates remains unclear. Here, we characterized gene body methylation levels using methylation‐specific PCR (MS‐PCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) and measured transcriptional levels for three photosystem genes in F. kawagutii under different light conditions (20, 100, and 600 µE · m−2 · s−1). To explore the association of methylation with DNA methylase, the expression of DNA methyltransferase (Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3) was also measured. Our results showed that peridinin–chlorophyll a–binding protein (PCP), light‐harvesting complex (LHC), and chlorophyll a‐c–binding protein complex (acpPC) gene expression was all significantly up‐regulated under low light in which their methylation level was down‐regulated, constant, and elevated, respectively. Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3 exhibited elevated transcriptional level under increased light intensity. The results led us to hypothesize that DNA methylation level can be modulated by environmental conditions such as irradiance, probably through the regulation of Symbio‐DIRS‐Dnmt3 transcription level, and in turn may regulate the expression of genes in F. kawagutii. Further study is needed to determine whether the same gene methylation and expression characteristics reported here occur in other dinoflagellates and to explore their ecological implications.
A meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of ureteral stent-related symptoms.

BACKGROUND In recent years, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been proposed for relieving the ureteral stent-related symptoms. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of ureteral stent-related symptoms. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported on the effectiveness of PDE5 inhibitors on ureteral stent-related symptoms were identified and collected from Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS Four RCTs involving 352 patients were included. Following treatment with PDE5 inhibitors for 1 week, significant improvement of urinary symptoms (P<0.00001) and sexual health (P=0.04) was observed in the PDE5 inhibitors group. After 3 weeks, we found that PDE5 inhibitors were effective in relieving urinary symptoms [mean difference (MD): -11.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): -22.58 to -1.3, P=0.03], body pain (MD: -5.38, 95% CI: -9.35 to -1.41, P=0.008), and improving sexual health (MD: -4.13, 95% CI: -5.07 to -3.19, P<0.00001), general health (MD: -3.92, 95% CI: -5.76 to -2.08, P<0.0001), and additional health (MD: -2.21, 95% CI: -4.03 to -0.40, P=0.02). With regards to work performance (MD: -2.25, 95% CI: -5.13 to -0.62, P=0.12), no significant differences were observed between the PDE5 inhibitors group and the placebo group. In terms of safety, there were no significant differences between these two groups in the incidence of gastrointestinal [odds ratio (OR): 1.25, 95% CI: 0.51 to 3.04, P=0.63], or respiratory (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.50 to 4.44, P=0.48) complications. CONCLUSIONS PDE5 inhibitors were effective in relieving symptoms of patients undergoing ureteral stent placement, and do not increase the risk of complications.
Crescimento de Milhos Transgênico (Bt) e Não Transgênico Inoculados com Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares em Solo Contaminado por Cádmio

Population growth increases the need for food production, coupled in may cases with the indiscriminate use of fertilizers and incorporation of transgenic plants in the production system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cadmium on the growth of Bt transgenic corn and non-transgenic corn, inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi under controlled conditions. For that purpose, an experiment was set up in a 5 × 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with five Cd rates (0, 28.5, 71.50, 142.50, and 285 mg kg-1); individual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) represented by Glomus clarum, Acaulospora scrobiculata, and Scutellospora heterogama, plus a non-inoculated control; two corn hybrids, Monsanto DKB-390 (Bt) and DKB-S; and three replicates per treatment, for a total of 120 experimental units, each consisting of a 500 mL plastic container. The experiment was conducted for 45 days, and then the properties related to plant growth and mycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. The Cd rates applied did not affect the growth of Bt transgenic corn and non-transgenic, corn, regardless of AMFs inoculation. The Bt transgenic corn did not respond to inoculation, with mycorrhizal colonization from 14 to 33 %, whereas non-transgenic corn had mycorrhizal colonization from 32 to 74 %.
The association of PD-L1 gene polymorphisms with non-small-cell lung cancer susceptibility and clinical outcomes in a Chinese population.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of PD-L1 polymorphisms on the susceptibility of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the prognosis of NSCLC patients who undergo platinum-based chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PD-L1 gene, including rs822336 (G>C), rs822337 (T>A), rs10815225 (G>C), rs7866740 (C>G), rs866066 (C>T), rs822338 (C>T), rs2890657 (C>G), rs2890658 (C>A), and rs229136 (C>G) were selected for this study. Genotyping was performed in 281 advanced NSCLC patients and 251 healthy volunteers using the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) method. RESULTS The G allele of PD-L1 rs7866740 was significantly related to the risk of NSCLC. Compared with the C allele, the G allele an increase the risk of NSCLC (OR=3.532, 95% CI: 1.232-10.129, P=0.001). In terms of the clinical outcomes, PD-L1 rs2890658 C>A was significantly associated with both a worse progression-free survival (adjusted HR=1.367, 95% CI=1.0-1.8, P=0.038) and a worse overall survival (adjusted HR=1.402, 95% CI=1.0-1.9, P=0.026) of NSCLC patients. PD-L1 rs822336 G>C was significantly related to a worse overall survival (adjusted HR=1.393, 95% CI=1.1-1.8, P=0.021). CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 rs7866740 C>G may play a role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. PD-L1 rs2890658 C>A and rs822336 G>C are related to the prognoses of patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy.
Dual-input convolutional neural network for glaucoma diagnosis using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Background/Aims To evaluate, with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), the glaucoma-diagnostic ability of a deep-learning classifier. Methods A total of 777 Cirrus high-definition SD-OCT image sets of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) of 315 normal subjects, 219 patients with early-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 243 patients with moderate-to-severe-stage POAG were aggregated. The image sets were divided into a training data set (252 normal, 174 early POAG and 195 moderate-to-severe POAG) and a test data set (63 normal, 45 early POAG and 48 moderate-to-severe POAG). The visual geometry group (VGG16)-based dual-input convolutional neural network (DICNN) was adopted for the glaucoma diagnoses. Unlike other networks, the DICNN structure takes two images (both RNFL and GCIPL) as inputs. The glaucoma-diagnostic ability was computed according to both accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results For the test data set, DICNN could distinguish between patients with glaucoma and normal subjects accurately (accuracy=92.793%, AUC=0.957 (95% CI 0.943 to 0.966), sensitivity=0.896 (95% CI 0.896 to 0.917), specificity=0.952 (95% CI 0.921 to 0.952)). For distinguishing between patients with early-stage glaucoma and normal subjects, DICNN’s diagnostic ability (accuracy=85.185%, AUC=0.869 (95% CI 0.825 to 0.879), sensitivity=0.921 (95% CI 0.813 to 0.905), specificity=0.756 (95% CI 0.610 to 0.790)]) was higher than convolutional neural network algorithms that trained with RNFL or GCIPL separately. Conclusion The deep-learning algorithm using SD-OCT can distinguish normal subjects not only from established patients with glaucoma but also from patients with early-stage glaucoma. The deep-learning model with DICNN, as trained by both RNFL and GCIPL thickness map data, showed a high diagnostic ability for discriminatingpatients with early-stage glaucoma from normal subjects.
Subsequent Neoplasm Risk Associated With Rare Variants in DNA Damage Response and Clinical Radiation Sensitivity Syndrome Genes in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

PURPOSE Radiotherapy for childhood cancer is associated with elevated subsequent neoplasm (SN) risk, but the contribution of rare variants in DNA damage response and radiation sensitivity genes to SN risk is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of childhood cancer survivors originally diagnosed during 1970 to 1986 (mean follow-up, 32.7 years), with reconstruction of doses to body regions from radiotherapy records. We identified patients who developed SN types previously reported to be related to radiotherapy (RT-SNs; eg, basal cell carcinoma [BCC], breast cancer, meningioma, thyroid cancer, sarcoma) and matched controls (sex, childhood cancer type/diagnosis, age, SN location, radiation dose, survival). Conditional logistic regression assessed SN risk associated with potentially protein-damaging rare variants (SnpEff, ClinVar) in 476 DNA damage response or radiation sensitivity genes with exact permutation-based P values using a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold of P < 8.06 × 10-5. RESULTS Among 5,105 childhood cancer survivors of European descent, 1,108 (21.7%) developed at least 1 RT-SN. Out-of-field RT-SN risk, excluding BCC, was associated with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene variants (patient cases, 23.2%; controls, 10.8%; odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7 to 3.9; P = 4.79 × 10-5), most notably but nonsignificantly for FANCM (patient cases, 4.0%; matched controls, 0.6%; P = 9.64 × 10-5). HRR variants were not associated with likely in/near-field RT-SNs, excluding BCC (patient cases, 12.7%; matched controls, 12.9%; P = .92). Irrespective of radiation dose, risk for RT-SNs was also associated with EXO1 variants (patient cases, 1.8%; controls, 0.4%; P = 3.31 × 10-5), another gene implicated in DNA double-strand break repair. CONCLUSION In this large-scale discovery study, we identified novel associations between RT-SN risk after childhood cancer and potentially protein-damaging rare variants in genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair, particularly HRR. With replication, these results could affect screening recommendations for childhood cancer survivors and risk-benefit assessments of treatment approaches.
lncRNA PART1 and MIR17HG as ΔNp63α direct targets regulate tumor progression of cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Cervical cancer (CC) remains one of the leading causes of mortality of female cancers worldwide, with more than 90% being cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). ΔNp63α is the predominant isoform expressed in cervical epithelial tissues and exerts its antitumor function in CSCC. In this study, we have identified 39 long noncoding RNAs as ΔNp63α targets in CSCC through RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, in which we further confirmed and focused on the two tumor‐related long noncoding RNAs, PART1 (lncPART1) and MIR17HG (lncMIR17HG). Experiments from stable overexpression/knockdown cell lines revealed that lncPART1 and lncMIR17HG regulated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo experiments further showed that lncPART1 suppresses tumor growth in CSCC‐derived tumors. Examinations of clinical tissues indicated that the expression of lncPART1 was positively correlated with ΔNp63α expression, while lncMIR17HG was negatively correlated with ΔNp63α expression, suggesting that ΔNp63α plays a central role via regulating its direct targets in the progression of CSCC. These findings provide novel insights in targeted therapy of cervical cancers.
Genetic variability and diversity of rice landraces of South Western India based on morphological traits

The present study was conducted to assess the genetic variability and diversity of 49 local landraces of rice. Number of grains exhibited high PCV (21.95) and GCV (16.56) and was followed by number of spikelets harvest index, test weight, and productive tillers. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for all characters. Maximum number of genotypes were present in cluster I (15). Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV (115.99) and the maximum intra-cluster distance was noticed in cluster III (32.45) indicating hybridization involving genotypes within this cluster may result in good cross combinations. The maximum contribution towards divergence was made by days to 50% flowering (54.13%). The genotypes belonging to five different clusters were distinct and diverse hence, better performing genotypes namely, Bangaarugandu, Kempudoddi, Kempukaaru, Gajagunda, Rathnachudi, Bagyajyothi, Maranellu, Dappabatta and Balaji could be utilized in hybridization programme.
Economic Empowerment of Rural Women

Women empowerment is an important issue that provides financial freedom to every woman. Women in India have faced many social, economical, cultural and political challenges during pre and post independence. Involving in small scale business women in rural India have earned capital and improved their social status. our constitutional and legal provisions also provide equal weightage to every citizen of India. Bank’s loan schemes, literacy and other services have enhanced the economic freedom of rural
Cysteine Inhibits Mercury Methylation by Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA Mutant ΔomcBESTZ

Cysteine enhances Hg uptake and methylation by the Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA wild-type (WT) strain in short-term assays. The prevalence of this enhancement in other strains remains poorly understood. We examined the influence of cysteine concentration on time-dependent Hg(II) reduction, sorption, and methylation by PCA WT and its c-type cytochrome-deficient mutant (ΔomcBESTZ) in phosphate-buffered saline. Without cysteine, the mutant methylated twice as much Hg(II) as the PCA WT, whereas addition of cysteine inhibited Hg methylation, regardless of the reaction time. PCA WT, however, exhibited both time-dependent and cysteine concentration-dependent methylation. In a 144 h assay, nearly complete sorption of the Hg(II) by PCA WT occurred in the presence of 1 mM cysteine, resulting in our highest observed level of methylmercury production. The chemical speciation modeling and experimental data suggest that uncharged Hg(II) species are more readily taken up and that this uptake is kinetically limiting, the.
A bigger brain for a more complex environment

Abstract The environment increased complexity required more neural functions to develop in the hominin brains, and the hominins adapted to the complexity by developing a bigger brain with a greater interconnection between its parts. Thus, complex environments drove the growth of the brain. In about two million years during hominin evolution, the brain increased three folds in size, one of the largest and most complex amongst mammals, relative to body size. The size increase has led to anatomical reorganization and complex neuronal interactions in a relatively small skull. At birth, the human brain is only about 20% of its adult size. That facilitates the passage through the birth canal. Therefore, the human brain, especially cortex, develops postnatally in a rich stimulating environment with continuous brain wiring and rewiring and insertion of billions of new neurons. One of the consequence is that in the newborn brain, neuroplasticity is always turned “on” and it remains active throughout life, which gave humans the ability to adapt to complex and often hostile environments, integrate external experiences, solve problems, elaborate abstract ideas and innovative technologies, store a lot of information. Besides, hominins acquired unique abilities as music, language, and intense social cooperation. Overwhelming ecological, social, and cultural challenges have made the human brain so unique. From these events, as well as the molecular genetic changes that took place in those million years, under the pressure of natural selection, derive the distinctive cognitive abilities that have led us to complex social organizations and made our species successful.
Reinvestigation of the virulence of Rhodococcus equi isolates from patients with and without AIDS

Rhodococcus equi emerged as a zoonotic pathogen of human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients over the last three decades. Two virulence plasmid types of R. equi, pVAPA and pVAPB associated with equine and porcine isolates, have been recognized, and more recently, pVAPN, a novel host‐associated virulence plasmid in R. equi, was found in bovine and caprine isolates. We reinvestigated 39 previously reported isolates of R. equi from patients with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) by detecting vapA, vapB and vapN using PCR and plasmid profiling. After excluding one isolate that could not be cultured from frozen storage, eight isolates carried a virulence plasmid encoding vapA (pVAPA), 10 carried a virulence plasmid encoding vapB (pVAPB), seven carried a virulence plasmid encoding vapN (pVAPN) and 13 were negative for those genes. Of the 29 isolates from patients with AIDS, 7, 10 and 5 harboured pVAPA, pVAPB and pVAPN respectively. Among nine isolates from patients without AIDS, one and two harboured pVAPA and pVAPN respectively. This study demonstrated that pVAPN‐positive R. equi existed in human isolates before 1994 and reaffirmed that equine‐associated pVAPA‐positive, porcine‐associated pVAPB‐positive and bovine‐ or caprine‐associated pVAPN‐positive R. equi are widely spread globally. Because domestic animals might be major sources of human infection, further research is needed to reveal the prevalence of pVAPN‐positive R. equi infection in cattle and goats.
A comparative study between dexmedetomidine, clonidine and magnesium sulfate in attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation – a randomised study

Introduction: The stress responses to laryngoscopy comprising of elevation in heart rate and rise in systolic and diastolic pressure are well known. The potential for life threatening complications associated with these responses is also well documented. Therefore, it has become very much necessary to discover a drug which can abolish this response. The present study is designed to study the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine (D), clonidine (C) and magnesium sulfate (M) in attenuating the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy in patients undergoing surgeries. Methods: This study was carried out on 120 ASA grade I & II patients aged 18 to 55 years scheduled for elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia lasting for more than 2 hours. Patients were divided randomly into 3 groups, group D received 1mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine, group C received 1 mcg/kg of clonidine and group M received 30 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate. Data were entered in excel sheet and analysed by SPSS software. Qualitative data were expressed by number and percentage. Quantitative data were presented by mean +/- SD. Results: Comparison of three groups reveals that hemodynamic variables were similar within the groups at baseline and at 5min before intubation while there were significant difference between them starting from just after the intubation, 30 sec after intubation then 1 min, 2min, 3min, 4min, 5 min, 10min after intubation. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine (1mcg/kg) in comparison to magnesium sulfate (30mg/kg) and clonidine (1 mcg/kg) is far more effective in blunting the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy. Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Magnesium sulfate, Clonidine, Intubation, Hemodynamic response, Laryngoscopy, General anaesthesia
Intracellular Transport and Unpacking of Polyplex Nanoparticles

Polyplexes, complexes of DNA and a variety of different polycations, are promising non-viral delivery systems that show promising results both in vitro and in vivo. Several types of polyplexes have been studied in clinical trials, such as (i) polyethylenimine (PEI)-based polyplexes for the treatment of Andrey A. Rosenkranz, PhD,a,b Yuri V. Khramtsov, PhD,a Alexey V. Ulasov, PhD,a Nikita Rodichenko,a,c and Alexander S. Sobolev, DSci, PhDa,b aDepartment of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia bDepartment of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia cDepartment of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems and Control Processes, Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia