Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pavement cell ultrastructural differences on Hoplias malabaricus, gill epithelia

Pavement cells from the leading and trailing edges of the gill filament of Hoplias malabaricus, exhibit a complex system of microridges, a long tight junction and a large number of desmosomes. Pavement cells from the secondary lamellae are smooth surfaced with clearly defined cell boundaries by a circular microridge. The junctional complex of these cells is short and it is characterized by an intense interdigitation between cells.
New Data on Tiger Moths of the Genus Siccia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) with Description of Two New Species

Two new species, Siccia dudai and Siccia butvilai, are described. These species exhibit features characteristic of the genus, but differ from the other species of the same genus in size, wing pattern and the genital structure. The appearance of the new species, their genital structure and habitats are described and figured. The female genitalia of Siccia buettikeri Wiltshire, 1988 are described and illustrated for the first time.
The role of hydrodynamics on seed dispersal in seagrasses

Two widely distributed seagrasses in Western Australia with contrasting dispersal strategies were studied in terms of their physical characteristics and morphology to understand how physical processes (wind, waves, and currents) drive dispersal. Posidonia australis releases floating fruit that contain a single negatively buoyant seed that lacks dormancy. Halophila ovalis produces fruit and dormant seeds that sit on the sediment surface. The floating stage of P. australis was assessed in situ by tracking the movement of the fruit directly on the ocean surface, together with drifter devices to differentiate between the transport induced by surface currents and wind. The dehiscence time of P. australis fruit was evaluated in seawater tanks, and the associated viability of the seeds was assessed by growth after dehiscence. The settling velocities of P. australis seeds and H. ovalis fruit and seeds were quantified in settling tubes with image‐processing techniques to track the fall trajectories. The re‐suspension thresholds of the seeds were calculated based on the critical bed shear stresses required to transport the seeds in a unidirectional flow flume. P. australis can travel long distances at the air‐sea interface (∼ 55 km), due to wind alone, during its floating stage. The settling velocities of P. australis and H. ovalis seeds (ws = 10.6 ± 0.4 cm s−1 and 4.7 ± 0.1 cm s−1, respectively) and their re‐suspension thresholds (τ = 107 ± 4 mPa and 66 ± 1 mPa, respectively) suggest that secondary movement is restricted, but likely to be produced by stronger wave‐induced shear stress events.
The ammonia-oxidizing nitrifying population of the River Elbe estuary

The ammonia-oxidizing bacterial population of the tidal River Elbe was analysed. In the freshwater section of the river, abundance was generally at a magnitude of 104 cells per g dry weight and 103 cells per ml in sediments and in water samples, respectively. In the brackish water region, counts decreased drastically with the increase in salinity caused by the low level of abundance of ammonia-oxidizers in the seawater. The contribution of attached ammonia-oxidizers to the total number ranged between 50 and approximately 100%, depending on the respective load with suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the water. The presence of seven distinct species of the genus Nitrosomonas was established by DNA hybridizations. Based on 16S rRNA gene partial sequence analyses, four groups, comprising phylogenetically closely related species, were defined. Dependence of ammonia oxidation on the NH4Cl concentration, tolerance against increasing salinity and the possession of urease activity were found to be useful ecophysiological characteristics, being in accordance with phylogenetic relationships among the species.
Influence of water depth on nest success of the endangered Cape Sable seaside sparrow in the Florida Everglades

The restoration of the Florida Everglades rests largely on the ability of managers to re‐create a more natural hydrologic regime throughout the remaining natural areas. The Cape Sable seaside sparrow, an endangered subspecies endemic to the freshwater marl prairies of the Everglades, has suffered from changes in the depth and the timing of water flows through its habitat. However, it remains unclear what temporal and spatial aspects of water inputs (both managed and natural) affect nesting success. We monitored 429 nests in two of the six extant sparrow subpopulations over 10 breeding seasons and a variety of water levels. Using an information‐theoretic approach, we find that nests initiated early in the breeding season experience substantially higher success rates than those initiated later. We suggest that this seasonal effect is due to a change in predator abundance or activity levels as the season progresses, which are tied to the increase in water levels that accompany the onset of the wet season. In addition, nest success is influenced to a lesser degree by where sparrows choose to nest across the landscape, the height of base water levels within the sparrow's breeding season and the height of water levels when nests are active. Our observation of extreme variability in nest success over the span of a single season suggests that successful late‐season breeding, although shown to be important for population recovery, is a rare event. Management actions that maximize the success of late‐season broods or increase the number of early broods are warranted, but the ecosystem implications of such actions are poorly understood.
A marker-based approach to broadening the genetic base of rice in the USA

The narrow genetic base of U.S. rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars poses a challenge for long-term improvements of yield and other agronomic traits. Molecular marker analysis can be used to quantify the diversity of U.S. rice varieties in comparison with worldwide germplasm accessions and can provide useful information for developing rational strategies to broaden the genetic base of U.S. rice. In this study, the genetic diversity of 236 rice accessions was investigated on the basis of genotypic evaluation at 113 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 60 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. A total of 274 RFLP and 714 SSR alleles were detected in the entire dataset. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) values were 0.36 for the RFLP and 0.66 for the SSR markers. The entire 236-accession collection was analyzed as two subsets: the U.S. collection, consisting of 125 cultivars bred in the USA, and the world collection, consisting of 111 diverse rice accessions collected from 22 other countries around the world. The accessions from the world collection represented 99% of the total RFLP and 96% of the SSR diversity, while the cultivars from the USA contained 82% of RFLP and 56% of SSR alleles. Significant differences in allele frequencies were observed between the world and U.S. collections and between older U.S. cultivars and their modern derivatives. A diverse subset of 31 rice cultivars (13% of the 236 cultivars) was identified that embodied 95% of RFLP and 74% of SSR alleles. This subset can be used in the development of core collections and offers an efficient source of genetic diversity for future crop improvement.
Görüntü İşleme Tabanlı Hassas İlaçlama Robotu

Hoeing as mechanically and the use of herbicide as chemically are the most effective methods in controlling weed in sugar beet farming. Excessive use of chemical tussle results in serious environmental problems in the world. In addition, it affects human and animal health adversely. The weeds between rows in sugar beet fields were determined by using image processing techniques and a model of variable level herbicide application was applied on them with precision spraying robot developed during the study. When the nozzle height of precision spraying robot is 30 cm and the speed of it is 8.928 cm s, a value of 55.22% saving of drugs was achieved when compared to conventional pesticide applications in a pesticide application on an area of 1.6 m. The amount of spraying liquid applied on weeds by precision spraying robot with 8 different speeds was measured. It was found that increasing the speed of the spraying robot causes a decrease in the amount of spraying liquid applied on weeds.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the composition of two prairie plant communities

In recent decades, nitrogenous compounds, arising from various anthropogenic sources, have become significant components of precipitation and have been shown to have some profound effects on both species richness and dominance of some plant communities. To examine how nitrogen addition can affect the species composition of Central Great Plains prairie plant communities, we applied N fertilizer at five levels for each of five consecutive years at two sites in south-central Kansas with similar rainfall and temperature regimes. One site was a tallgrass prairie and the other was a sand prairie community. The treatments consisted of N additions at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g N/m2 in the form of solid urea. Within permanent plots, we monitored annually species richness and evenness, and percentage cover by cool-season graminoids, N-fixing species, and annual/biennial species. All these measures varied considerably among years at both sites, but N treatment effects were evident at the sand prairie site on.
Development of Methods to Measure Carbon Isotope Ratios of Bacterial Biomarkers in the Environment

Abstract The δ13C value of bacterial carbon is an important parameter in microbial ecology for studying the carbon flow within a microbial community and for the identification of ecological important strains involved in the mineralization of certain carbon pools in the environment. In our study, biomarkers were isolated from bacteria from a microbial consortium derived from two chemostats and δ13C values were measured. Similar isotope ratios between biomarkers such as fatty acids and outer membrane protein, biomass and substrate were observed. The δ13C analyses of outer membrane protein F of Pseudomonas and biomarker fatty acids were combined to follow bacterial assimilation of 13C labelled 4-chlorocatechol. This new approach was also used in the environment where soil samples were cultivated with different 13C traced substrates. The isotopic analyses of bacterial biomarkers indicated that carbons of histidine were widely incorporated into bacterial biomarkers, in contrast to 4-chlorocatechol which was le.
Resistance‐Susceptibility of Maize Genotypes to Artificial Infestations by Twospotted Spider Mites

Twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae K. , are pests of maize, Zea mays L. , in some areas of the USA. Two laboratory and three field experiments were conducted in 1986 to determine the resistance-susceptibility of maize genotypes to an artificial infestation by the twospotted spider mite
Accuracy and Precision of Estimates of Back-Calculated Channel Catfish Lengths and Growth Increments Using Pectoral Spines and Otoliths

Abstract Back-calculation of lengths at previous ages using measurements of growth increments on the bony structures of fish is a common practice, yet studies validating this procedure are few. Our objective was to determine the accuracy and precision of back-calculated lengths and the last growth increment for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus using pectoral spines and otoliths. In recent studies, the last growth increment has been related to the length of the fish at the start of the growing season to determine size-specific growth. Growth increments on basal sections of pectoral spines were measured along three radii—posterior (SP), anterior (SA), and lateral (SL)—and otoliths were measured along the ventral radius by three independent readers. Back-calculated lengths derived from eight models (biological intercept, body-proportional hypothesis [BPH] linear, BPH nonlinear, Dahl–Lee, Fraser–Lee, Morita–Matsuishi, scale-proportional hypothesis [SPH] linear, and SPH nonlinear) for each bony structure ra.
Estrogen Receptor (ER)α and ERβ Are Both Expressed in Human Ejaculated Spermatozoa: Evidence of Their Direct Interaction with Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase/Akt Pathway

Human and animal models have evidenced how estrogen insufficiency is associated with abnormal spermatogenesis and male infertility. We previously demonstrated that estradiol is able to influence both capacitation and acrosome reaction in human ejaculated spermatozoa. It remains to be elucidated whether the biochemical changes induced by estradiol, in a rapid nongenomic way, are mediated by a single estrogen receptor (ER) or by the two ER subtypes, ER alpha and ER beta. In the present study, we have first demonstrated the concomitant expression of ER beta and ER alpha in human ejaculated spermatozoa. By RT-PCR and Southern blot, transcripts of both ERs were detected. Western blot analysis showed ER alpha and ER beta proteins at the same size as the "classical" ERs. The localization of ER alpha and ER beta with the immunocytochemistry shows a differential distribution of the two ER subtypes, the former being prevalently located in the midpiece, but the latter being in the tail. Estradiol has been associated with sperm longevity; however, the mechanism through which estradiol acts in sperm survival was never investigated. Upon estradiol exposure, we observed an enhanced phosphorylation of the proteins involved in the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway like PDK1, Akt, GSK-3, Bcl-2, together with ERK1/2, which was also involved in cell survival signals. Moreover, such phosphorylations were reduced in the presence of ICI 182, 780, addressing the role of estradiol and ERs in sperm survival. For instance we have provided, for the first time, a different interaction of the two ERs with the PI3K/Akt pathway, because ER alpha interacts with the p55 regulatory subunit of PI3K, whereas ER beta interacts with Akt1. However, it still remains to be elucidated whether the functional role of each of the ER subtypes in sperm survival signaling is redundant or distinct.
Walking and dairy cattle performance

mdash; Differences in walking speed and milk yield were compared in dairy heifers and cows of 3 different breeds (Holstein, Montb6liarde, and Tarentaise) during 3 walking trials. Tarentaise cows walked faster than those of both other breeds. For walked distances of 5.6 and 3.2 km (trials 1 and 2, respectively) the mean walking speed of Tarentaises (1.71 and 1.43 m/s) was higher than for Montbéliardes (1.49 and 1.10 m/s) and-Holstein (1.50 and 1.23 m/s). In trial 2, the Holstein and the Montb6liarde breeds both required more encouragement to move forward (P < 0.05) than the Tarentaise breed. In trial 3, milk production, milk composition and blood metabolites were evaluated following walked distances of 0, 6.4, 9.6 and 12.8 km. Milk yield and protein decreased (P < 0.01 ) in proportion to the distance traveled by 1.9 kg/d and -51 g/d, respectively, after 12.8 km. In contrast, milk fat, milk protein and blood-free fatty acids increased (P < 0.01) by 4.6 g/kg, 1.8 g/kg and 0.4 mmolll, respectively, up to 12.8 km. Decreases in milk yield and protein were greater (P < 0.01 ) in Holstein cows than in the other 2 breeds. However, all cows regained their former level of milk yield within 3 d following the exercise. Five hours after walking, variation of glycemia was slight (P= 0.06) and the lactate level in the blood did not vary among walked distances. Only walked distances above 6.4 km brought about modifications in milk yield, milk composition and in blood-free fatty acids. These modifications were greater in Holstein cows than in the other 2 breeds.
The Effects of Clumping on Sample Evenness

Barbour, C. D. , and J. H. Brown. 1974. Fish species diversity in lakes. Amer. Natur. 108: 473-489. MacArthur, R. H. , and E. 0. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Monogr. Pop. Biol. 1: 1-203. Preston, F. W. 1962. The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity. I. Ecology 43: 185-215. Ryder, R. A. 1972. The limnology and fishes of oligotrophic glacial lakes in North America (about 1800 A.D.). J. Fisheries Res. Board Can. 29:617-628. Wilson, E. O. , and W. H. Bossert. 1971. A primer of population biology. Sinauer, Stamford, Conn. PETER H. HAAS
Population Ecology and Management of Rigid Brome (Bromus rigidus) in Australian Cropping Systems

Abstract Rigid brome is a problematic weed of southern Australian cropping systems. Increased knowledge about the ecology of rigid brome and the influence of management strategies on its seedbank dynamics could facilitate development of more effective weed control programs. A field study was undertaken to investigate seedbank persistence and the influence of different management strategies on rigid brome control at Lock in South Australia during 2003 to 2005. Seeds of rigid brome were found to persist in the soil for up to 3 yr, with > 20% of the seedbank persisting from one season to the next. Therefore, a single year management program against this weed species is likely to be ineffective and could result in rapid buildup in weed infestations. However, management strategies that combined effective herbicides (ClearfieldTM technology) and crop competition over consecutive years provided effective control of this troublesome weed. Such cropping systems reduced rigid brome density (1 to 10 plants m−2) and seed production (8 to 160 seeds m−2) in the final crop of the 3-yr cropping sequence as compared to common grower practice of trifluralin and triasulfuron mixtures (138 plants m−2; 1,866 seeds m−2). These treatment combinations were able to deplete the initial seedbank (1,748 seeds m−2) to manageable levels (< 5 seeds m−2) within 3 yr. The results of this study should provide growers with confidence that severe rigid brome infestations can be managed effectively without compromising crop productivity. Nomenclature: Triasulfuron; trifluralin; rigid brome, Bromus rigidus Roth BRORI
Cubiertas Vegetales en Producción Orgánica de Frambuesa: Efectos sobre el Contenido de Nutrientes del Suelo y en el Crecimiento y Producción de las Plantas

Se realizo un estudio de evaluacion y seleccion de cubiertas vegetales para mejora el manejo de suelos entre las hileras de un huerto organico de frambuesa (Rubus idaeus L.). Las cubiertas evaluadas fueron: mezcla de trebol subterraneo (Trifolium subterraneum L.) con trebol balansa (T. michelianum Savi), lotera (Lotus corniculatus L.), trebol blanco (T. repens L.), festuca (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), mezcla de trebol blanco y festuca, y un testigo sin cubierta vegetal. El ensayo se realizo en Chillan, Chile (36°37? lat. Sur, 72°00? long. Oeste), durante dos temporadas. El diseno experimental fue de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La distancia de plantacion entre hileras de frambuesa fue de 3 m y cada parcela experimental tenia una superficie de 60 m2. Las cubiertas que incluyeron trebol blanco solo o en mezcla con festuca presentaron la mayor densidad de plantas (828 y 1788 plantas m-2 en el segundo ano, respectivamente,) produccion de biomasa (9,3 and10,4 t MS ha-1 ano-1 en el segundo ano, respectivamente) y contribucion especifica de las especies sembradas (sobre 90 % de contribucion de las especies sembradas). La mezcla de especies anuales no tuvo un buen comportamiento, particularmente durante la segunda temporada. Se encontro un claro efecto de las cubiertas sobre el contenido de N y K del suelo; sin embargo, no modificaron el contenido de materia organica ni pH del suelo. Las cubiertas que controlaron en mejor forma el crecimiento de las malezas fueron aquellas que incluian festuca y/o trebol blanco.
Photodegradation of dissolved organic matter in forested streams of the northern Great Lakes region

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of aquatic ecosystems, and it influences a range of physical, chemical, and biological properties. Reactions induced by solar radiation may oxidize DOM to inorganic C or break large molecules into smaller ones. Therefore, photodegradable DOM is removed with exposure to light, and the remaining DOM pool might become less photodegradable as photorecalcitrant DOM accumulates. This possibility has led to speculation that previous light exposure might influence the susceptibility of DOM to photodegradation and that forested low-light streams might have highly photodegradable DOM. To assess this possibility, we measured: 1) the susceptibility of stream DOM to photoreactions and compared our results to studies in other aquatic ecosystems, 2) the relative importance of the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the solar spectrum to DOM photoreactions, and 3) the photoreactivity of DOM collected from streams with and without upstream lakes. We measured DOM properties of stream water exposed for ∼56 h to 1 of 3 treatments: full sunlight, sunlight with the UV portion of the spectrum (<400 nm) removed, and a dark control. Exposure to light reduced the UV light-absorbing ability of DOM and, to a lesser extent, its concentration. Most alterations of DOM properties could be attributed to the UV portion of the solar spectrum. We found no evidence that previous light exposure significantly influenced photodegradability of stream DOM. Our results suggest that other DOM-processing agents, such as heterotrophic uptake, can obscure the effect of upstream photoexposure on downstream DOM photodegradability.
Conductive Filaments Produced by Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila is a facultative anaerobe which, under conditions of oxygen depletion, is able to respire iron (III). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and conducting-probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the presence of filaments between cells and cell-substrate and their conductive nature. These results indicate that the pili of A. hydrophila might serve as biological nanowires, transferring electrons from the cell to the surface of Fe (III) oxides. Conductive pili could also play a role in bacterial interactions and in inter/intra species signalling, and could lead to biotechnological approaches for novel materials.
Estado de la cuestión de la formación docente en educación en medios

Este articulo da cuenta del estado de la cuestion en la ultima decada sobre la formacion docente en educacion en medios, con un enfasis en el caso de Chile. Para llevarlo a cabo realice un corpus de 28 articulos academicos publicados entre 2005 y 2015 acerca de este tema. El analisis de estos articulos muestra las principales caracteristicas de la oferta y de las propuestas en educacion en medios para los docentes. A la vez, identifico cinco enfoques en los estudios realizados en este periodo – alfabetizacion digital, competencias, carencias, creencias y epistemologia -, los cuales coinciden en que la formacion en educacion en medios para los (futuros) profesores es clave para contar con una ciudadania preparada para la era digital.
The effects of red fox Vulpes vulpes faecal odours on the feeding behaviour of Orkney voles Microtus arvalis

Orkney voles Microtus arvalis show avoidance of red fox Vulpes vulpes faecal odours, both in the laboratory and in the wild. Since these voles have been isolated from foxes since Neolithic times it is likely that these responses are innate rather than learned. When applied to young Scots pine saplings, the fox odour inhibited feeding by voles when alternative foods were available.