Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dielectric dispersion and dielectric friction in electrolyte solutions. I.

A self‐consistent, kinetic theory of ion–solvent interactions is developed within the framework of continuum mechanics. It is shown that the hydrodynamic coupling between viscous momentum transport and dielectric relaxation leads not only to a theory of ion mobility but also to a description of the dielectric properties of electrolyte solutions. The concept of kinetic polarization deficiency is introduced, whereby the static permittivity of a solution is reduced from that of the pure solvent by an amount proportional to the product of solvent dielectric relaxation time and low frequency conductivity of the solution. Furthermore, if the viscous and dielectric relaxation times are assumed to be comparable it is demonstrated that ’’deformation inertia’’ should make a significant contribution to the decrement Δe0. Ion mobility is calculated to first order in a coupling parameter which is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the ion radius, the limiting case of zero ion size is analyzed, and general a.
Implications of In Vitro Mutagenesis in Banana (Musa spp.)

Banana is an important crop of Pakistan, grown on large scale in Sindh province of the country. This study was conducted to introduce genetic variability in banana variety basrai and to optimize the micropropagation protocol for the same genotype. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with various concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), N6benzyl aminopurine (BAP), indole-3-butyric-acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were used. The genotypes were also radiated via. three different doses of gamma radiation i.e. 10, 20 and 30 Gy. Excellent shoot growth and elongation parameters viz. number of shoots developed bottle-1 (25.77) and shoot length (17.44 cm) were recorded in plantlets cultured on MS media supplemented with 4.00 mg l IAA + 6.00 mg l IBA + 4.00 mg l NAA and 40 g l sucrose; and radiated using 20 Gy dose of gamma radiation. The same combination of culture media and gamma rays’ treatment also showed least days to shoot initiation. Minimum observations for the growth parameters were observed in plantlets radiated with 30 Gy of gamma radiation and grown in MS media containing 2.00 mg l IAA + 2.00 mg l BAP + 2.00 mg l NAA and 40 g l sucrose. Regarding treatments of gamma radiation used in the study, lower doses like 10 and 20 Gy showed stimulatory effects on plantlets’ growth and development while 30 Gy was lethal. This study is significant for banana breeding as apposite induction of genetic variation through mutagenesis and optimal maintenance in the tissue culture will help in developing elite genotypes having near-commercial attributes.
An integrated approach unravels a crucial structural property for the function of the insect steroidogenic Halloween protein Noppera-bo

Ecdysteroids are the principal insect steroid hormones essential for insect development and physiology. In the last 18 years, several enzymes responsible for ecdysteroid biosynthesis, encoded by Halloween genes, have been identified and well characterized, both genetically and biochemically. However, none of these proteins have yet been characterized at the tertiary structure level. Here, we report an integrated in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses of the Halloween glutathione S-transferase (GST) protein, Noppera-bo (Nobo). We determine crystal structures of Drosophila melanogaster Nobo (DmNobo) complexed with glutathione and 17β-estradiol, a DmNobo inhibitor. 17β-estradiol almost fully occupied the putative ligand-binding pocket, and a prominent hydrogen bond formed between Asp113 of DmNobo and 17β-estradiol. Asp113 is essential for inhibiting DmNobo enzymatic activity by 17β-estradiol, as 17β-estradiol does not inhibit and physically interacts less with the Asp113Ala DmNobo point mutant. Asp113 is highly conserved among Nobo proteins, but not among other GSTs, implying that Asp113 is important for endogenous Nobo function. Indeed, a homozygous nobo allele possessing the Asp113Ala point mutation exhibits embryonic lethality with undifferentiated cuticle structure, a phenocopy of complete loss-of-function nobo homozygotes. These results suggest that the nobo family of GST proteins has acquired a unique amino acid residue, which seems to be essential for binding an endogenous sterol substrate to regulate ecdysteroid biosynthesis. This is the first study to reveal the structural characteristics of insect steroidogenic Halloween proteins. This study also provides basic insight into applied entomology for developing a new type of insecticides that specifically inhibit ecdysteroid biosynthesis. Significance Statement Insect molting and metamorphosis are drastic and dynamic biological processes and, therefore, have fascinated many scientists. Ecdysteroids represent one class of insect hormones that are indispensable for inducing molting and metamorphosis. It is well known that proteins responsible for catalyzing ecdysteroid biosynthesis reactions are encoded by “Halloween” genes, most of which have names of ghosts and phantoms. However, no studies have focused on the structural properties of these biosynthetic proteins. In this study, we addressed this unsolved issue and successfully unraveled a structural property that is crucial for the function of the fruit fly Halloween protein, Noppera-bo (a Japanese faceless ghost). This is the first study to reveal the structural characteristics of an insect steroidogenic Halloween protein.
Sensitivity Model for Residence Times Difference Fluxgate Magnetometers Near Zero Magnetic Field

Residence times difference (RTD) fluxgate magnetometers measure the magnetic field using the time difference between positive and negative pulses of the induced voltage signal in the time domain. Sensitivity is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the performance of the magnetometers. According to our best knowledge of existing literature, for the RTD fluxgate sensors, there are no available models that can clearly set up relationships between physical parameters of an RTD fluxgate and the sensor sensitivity. Moreover, the relationship between the sensitivity and the excitation conditions is very complicate, thus the sensitivity calibration process is time-consuming. This paper presents a sensitivity model at a near-zero magnetic field. According to the model, by using relevant parameters of the excitation coil and driving signal, and the hysteresis state of the magnetic core, accurate predictions of sensitivity for the sensors can be made. RTD fluxgates with different structures were designed and built to experimentally verify the presented sensitivity model. The testing results indicates that the model is valid and the relative error of its prediction on sensitivity is less than 4%. Using the proposed sensitivity model, we can not only study situations of various excitation signals but also have a theoretical foundation to miniaturize the RTD fluxgate sensors.
Occupation spatiale de Cyathea muricata Willd. (Cyatheaceae) en forêt dense humide guadeloupéenne. II—À l'échelle de la population

Abstract A study of the spatial occupation of Cyathea muricata Willd. has been made in Guadeloupe in the tropical rain forest. We have considered the occupied space at the level of the population and in the community. A part of this study emphasises, indeed, the importance of the occupied space by the plant in their interactions with the rest of the vegetation and notably in the phenomenons of inter-specific competition. The cartography of all the plants higher than 130 cm of height and all the ferns in a given plot allows the study of the population and its interactions with the rest of ligneous plants. The ferns lower to 130 cm are aggregated; the other ones are randomly distributed in the plot. Even if tree-ferns haven't got impact on the total density of ligneous plants, they seem to slow down their growth. So we supposed that tree-ferns give off, in their environment, some toxic substances: it's a phenomenon of allelopathy.
Healthy workplace with ergonomics among software engineers: a review

Estimate on the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among the software engineers vary widely across globe. The main cause of this work-related musculoskeletal problem is due to improper usage of ergonomics. The objective of this review is to discuss the role or principles of ergonomics on preventing musculoskeletal problem among software engineers. Multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase and Google Scholar) were searched for studies on the prevalence of musculoskeletal problem among software engineers and the implications of ergonomic interventions on these problems. The studies were prioritized according to validity and quality. Only a few studies were done to identify the knowledge or awareness about the ergonomic positions, practise of the ergonomic principles, its association with the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems, do the organisation provides regular ergonomic check of the workstation, do the software professionals have a regular health check-up.
OPETH: Open Source Solution for Real-Time Peri-Event Time Histogram Based on Open Ephys

Single cell electrophysiology remains one of the most widely used approaches of systems neuroscience. Real-time feedback during electrophysiology experiments is important to guide experimental decisions that eventually determine the quality of recording, duration of the project and value of the collected data. We present an open-source tool that enables flexible online visualization of action potential alignment to external events, called the peri-event or peristimulus time histogram (OPETH). Based on the Open Ephys open source data acquisition system, we developed a Python interface for real-time plotting of neuronal spike times and evoked waveforms with respect to external events represented by digital logic signals. These digital inputs may signal photostimulation time stamps for in vivo optogenetic identification of cell types or the times of behaviorally relevant events during in vivo behavioral neurophysiology experiments. Therefore, OPETH allows real-time identification of genetically defined neuron types or behaviorally responsive populations. By allowing ‘hunting’ for neurons of interest, OPETH may significantly increase the efficiency of experiments that combine in vivo electrophysiology with behavior or optogenetic tagging of neurons.
Genotyping-by-sequencing illuminates high levels of divergence among sympatric forms of coregonines in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Effective resource management depends on our ability to partition diversity into biologically meaningful units. Recent evolutionary divergence, however, can often lead to ambiguity in morphological and genetic differentiation, complicating the delineation of valid conservation units. Such is the case with the “coregonine problem,” where recent post-glacial radiations of coregonines into lacustrine habitats resulted in the evolution of numerous species flocks, often with ambiguous taxonomy. The application of genomics methods is beginning to shed light on this problem and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying divergence in these ecologically and economically important fishes. Here, we used restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to examine genetic diversity and differentiation among sympatric species in the Coregonus artedi complex in the Apostle Islands of Lake Superior, the largest lake in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Using 29,068 SNPs, we were not only able to clearly distinguish the three most common forms for the first time, but putative hybrids and potentially mis-identified specimens as well. Assignment rates to form with our RAD data were 93-100% with the only mis-assignments arising from putative F1 hybrids, an improvement from 62-77% using microsatellites. Estimates of pairwise differentiation (FST: 0.045-0.056) were large given the detection of hybrids, suggesting that hybridization among forms may not be successful beyond the F1 state. We also used a newly built C. artedi linkage map to look for islands of adaptive genetic divergence among forms and found widespread differentiation across the genome, a pattern indicative of long-term drift, suggesting that these forms have been reproductively isolated for a substantial amount of time. The results of this study provide valuable information that can be applied to develop well-informed management strategies and stress the importance of re-evaluating conservation units with genomic tools to ensure they accurately reflect species diversity.
Using geospatial methods to measure the risk of environmental persistence of avian influenza virus in South Carolina

Avian influenza (AIV) is a highly contagious virus that can infect both wild birds and domestic poultry. This study aimed to define areas within the state of South Carolina (SC) at heightened risk for environmental persistence of AIV using geospatial methods. Environmental factors known to influence AIV survival were identified through the published literature and using a multi-criteria decision analysis with GIS was performed. Risk was defined using five categories following the World Organization for Animal Health Risk Assessment Guidelines. Less than 1% of 1km grid cells in SC showed a high risk of AIV persistence. Approximately 2% 17% of counties with high or very high environmental risk also had medium to very high numbers of commercial poultry operations. Results can be used to improve surveillance activities and to inform biosecurity practices and emergency preparedness effort s. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Internet of Things Architectures, Technologies, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions for Enhanced Living Environments and Healthcare Systems: A Review

Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolution of the Internet and has been gaining increased attention from researchers in both academic and industrial environments. Successive technological enhancements make the development of intelligent systems with a high capacity for communication and data collection possible, providing several opportunities for numerous IoT applications, particularly healthcare systems. Despite all the advantages, there are still several open issues that represent the main challenges for IoT, e.g., accessibility, portability, interoperability, information security, and privacy. IoT provides important characteristics to healthcare systems, such as availability, mobility, and scalability, that offer an architectural basis for numerous high technological healthcare applications, such as real-time patient monitoring, environmental and indoor quality monitoring, and ubiquitous and pervasive information access that benefits health professionals and patients. The constant scientific innovations make it possible to develop IoT devices through countless services for sensing, data fusing, and logging capabilities that lead to several advancements for enhanced living environments (ELEs). This paper reviews the current state of the art on IoT architectures for ELEs and healthcare systems, with a focus on the technologies, applications, challenges, opportunities, open-source platforms, and operating systems. Furthermore, this document synthesizes the existing body of knowledge and identifies common threads and gaps that open up new significant and challenging future research directions.
Supervised Machine Learning Bot Detection Techniques to Identify Social Twitter Bots

In this paper, we present novel bot detection algorithms to identify Twitter bot accounts and to determine their prevalence in current online discourse. On social media, bots are ubiquitous. Bot accounts are problematic because they can manipulate information, spread misinformation, and promote unverified information, which can adversely affect public opinion on various topics, such as product sales and political campaigns. Detecting bot activity is complex because many bots are actively trying to avoid detection. We present a novel, complex machine learning algorithm utilizing a range of features including: length of user names, reposting rate, temporal patterns, sentiment expression, followers-to-friends ratio, and message variability for bot detection. Our novel technique for Twitter bot detection is effective at detecting bots with a 2.25% misclassification rate.
Surface Coverage Classification of UAV High Resolution Image Transmission Lines Corridor based on Total Convolution Neural Network

In recent years, UAV imagery has been applied more and more to the work of power line inspection. Surface coverage classification is a key step. Because of the size and amount of data of UAV high-resolution images, the accuracy requirements of traditional classification algorithms can no longer meet the practical needs. In this paper, a pixel level classification algorithm based on full convolution neural network is proposed. The total convolution neural network model reduces the error caused by other forms of deformation such as image translation, scaling, tilting and so on. In the application of UAV image, the total convolution neural network is used to classify the image, and the high dimensional information extracted from the coiling layer is used to learn the feature of the image fully, and the accuracy of the classification is improved. By comparing with the random forest algorithm, the advantages of the full convolution neural network in the classification of the surface coverage of the UAV transmission line corridor are verified, and the reference value is provided for the electric patrol line and the image classification of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Anleitung „Liniengrafik erstellen mit Microsoft Excel®“

In dieser Anleitung wird erklart, wie man Liniengrafiken, wie sie in Einpersonenexperimenten (Single Case Design, SCD) verwendet werden, mit Hilfe des Tabellenkalkulationsprogramms MS Excel gemas den Richtlinien der APA (6th Ed.) und den Autorenhinweisen des Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA), erstellt.
CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE CULTIVARES DE Coffea arabica L.

O melhoramento genetico do cafeeiro e um processo demorado e oneroso, porem ja existem no mercado uma grande quantidade de cultivares com alto potencial produtivo, podendo o produtor escolher qual material genetico apresenta as caracteristicas de seu interesse. Entretanto, os produtores, na maioria dos casos, buscam cultivares vigorosas desde a fase de muda, com potencial para altas produtividades, bem como resistencia a pragas e doencas. Mudas com maior diâmetro de caule e sistema radicular bem desenvolvidos, em boas condicoes climaticas, garantirao o vigor inicial da lavoura. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo inicial de oito cultivares comerciais de Coffea arabica L. (Catuai Vermelho IAC 99, Catucai Amarelo 24/137, Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10, Catuai Amarelo IAC 62, Catigua MG2, Catucai 2-SL, Arara e MGS Paraiso 2). O experimento foi instalado no viveiro de producao de mudas da “Fazenda Samambaia”, localizada no Sul de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, constituido por oito tratamentos (cultivares), com parcelas subdivididas no tempo (quatro tempos de avaliacao: folha cotiledonar, 1°, 2° e 3° par de folhas verdadeiras), e dez repeticoes, sendo cada parcela constituida por uma planta. Foram avaliados diâmetro de caule (mm), comprimento da parte aerea (cm), comprimento do sistema radicular (cm), materia seca da parte aerea e sistema radicular (kg). As analises estatisticas foram realizadas pelo software SISVAR. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a cultivar MGS Paraiso 2 apresentou-se com a mais vigora dentre as demais em estudo, por se destacar no crescimento de todas as caracteristicas avaliadas.
Beyond the Watching: Understanding Viewer Interactions in Crowdsourced Live Video Broadcasting Services

Crowdsourced live video broadcasting services, such as Twitch and YouTube Live, are becoming increasingly popular. In such a service, viewers are allowed to perform rich interactions, such as posting comments and donating monetary virtual gifts, while watching videos. Understanding viewer interactions is essential for people to comprehend the production and consumption of the crowdsourced live video content and improve the service. However, the basic characteristics of the viewer interactions are still unknown. In this paper, we present a comprehensive measurement study of the viewer interactions on Douyu, a popular crowdsourced live video broadcasting website in China. Our measurement spans four months and contains comment posting and virtual gift donating interactions from tens of millions of viewers in hundreds of thousands of channels. Based on the measurement data, we carry out a content analysis on danmu comments and characterize the patterns of the viewer interactions. We build a suite of models for capturing the gift donating process, viewer activity, and channel popularity. We further analyze the influences of the broadcaster’s behavioral factors on a channel’s popularity and present methodologies for popularity predicting. Our measurement and analysis have important implications on the design and business policy of the crowdsourced live video broadcasting services.
Influencia de la fertilización en rendimiento y calidad de grano del centeno en la zona árida de Sonora, México

En la zona árida del noroeste de México, el cultivo del centeno no se encuentra establecido y es necesario generar su conocimiento en materia agronómica. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en determinar la factibilidad del cultivo de centeno considerando dosis de fertilización nitrogenada evaluando el rendimiento y sus componentes de calidad de grano. El trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en el municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora. La fecha de siembra establecida fue el 15 diciembre del año 2016 utilizando un sistema de riego por goteo. La variedad de centeno evaluada se denomina como Criollo Tlaxcala. Los tratamientos de fertilización consistieron en: 1) testigo sin agregado de N (N 0), 2) 80 kg N ha-1 y el 3) 150 kg N ha-1. Los resultados indican que conforme aumenta la dosis de fertilización, ésta influye significativamente, en el rendimiento y calidad de grano. Asimismo, los resultados arrojan que el contenido de proteína supera en 11% a aquellos reportados en diferentes países en centeno.