Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physics-Based Hot-Carrier Degradation Modeling

We present a thorough analysis of physics-based hot-carrier degradation (HCD) models. We discuss the main features of HCD such as its strong localization at the drain side of the device, the weakening of the degradation at higher temperatures, and the change of the worst-case condition in small devices. The first feature is related to “hot” carriers, while the second is controlled by the fraction of “colder” particles. The latter feature is related to the change of the silicon-hydrogen bondbreakage mechanism from the singleto multiple-carrier process. All these findings suggest that the interface state creation process is controlled by the manner how the carriers are distributed over energy, that is, by the carrier energy distribution function. We distinguish between three main aspects of the physical picture behind hot-carrier degradation: carrier transport, microscopic mechanisms of defect creation and simulation of degraded devices. Therefore, we analyze and classify the existing HCD models in this context. Finally we present our hot-carrier degradation model based on a thorough evaluation of this distribution function by means of a full-band Monte-Carlo device simulator. Our approach tries to address the whole hierarchy of physical phenomena in order to capture all the essential aspects of hot-carrier
A Critical Review: The effect of unilingual treatment in bilingual adults with aphasia

This critical review examines whether the treatment of one language in bilingual adults with aphasia leads to parallel recovery of the untreated language. The five case studies that were reviewed suggest that both parallel and nonparallel recovery patterns exist. Recovery appears to depend on factors such as: premorbid language proficiency and use, age of language acquisition, structural similarity between languages, and language preference. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice are further discussed.
Skin Tissue Surface Morphology and Quality of RNA and Protein Extracted from Fresh and Stabilized Human Cleft Lip and Palate Tissue

Abstract Cleft lip palate is a human congenital disorder worldwide and the study of this genetic disease requires molecular genetic analysis. This analysis required the use of nucleic acid and protein, thus good quality and quantity of its extraction is important. We are comparing RNA and protein extractions from tissue biopsy of cleft lip palate in both fresh and stabilized condition. Tissue morphology was also captured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for any morphology differences. Tissue homogenization may destroy nucleic acid stability but not its morphology. Low RNA concentration from stabilized tissue was found. However, there was no crucial issue of protein extraction, degradation or concentration. Tissue morphology was slight different between normal and CL/P tissue.
Enhancements in Volumetric Surgical Simulation

Computer surgical simulation has a great deal of potential in medical education and testing. However, there are numerous problems in integrating simulation software technology into a medical curriculum. Review and analysis of the data from the simulation is important to evaluate and assist students. A combination of realistic rendering for good translation of skills to the operating room and illustrative rendering to aid novices can help the simulation system target a wide range of students. In the context of an ongoing project to develop and improve a temporal bone surgical simulator, this document describes algorithms that address these issues and provides solutions to them. In collaboration with expert surgeons, we have met some of the technological challenges that limit surgical simulation. Storage and playback of the interactions that users have with the simulation system is achieved via a snapshot technique using forward differences for efficient compression. A technique for realistic rendering of fluid and wet surfaces in a virtual surgical environment using modern graphics hardware is explained. Using a modified distance field technique, we show how to display context around important anatomical structures in segmented datasets. A method of automatic scoring of the users of the simulator is detailed. This method involves partitioning the volume based on proximity to critical structures and then using the Earth Mover’s Distance to compare the content of those partitions. Distance fields are also employed for shape analysis techniques to extract features that are used in
A COMPARISON BETWEEN HUMAN AND MACHINE

TRANSLATION is treated as a species of formal transformation of symbols. Everything symbolized by a set of symbols constitutes the domain of symbolization of the set. The ultimate elements of the domain which symbolize nothing further are designated the terminal indicatum. Most domains of symbolization comprise mediate symbols which are both symbolized by other symbols and themselves indicate further symbols. Mental concepts are treated as symbols. In translation, a set of symbols is transformed to another set in another language, the two sets having terminal indicata that only differ within narrow limits. Different kinds of translation can be differentiated on the basis of the extent to which the mediate symbols of the domains of symbolization of the input and output passages are similar. Human translators utilize many categories of symbols and display great flexibility in their choice of procedure for translating and in their choice of criteria for ascertaining the significance of symbols of multiple use. Machine translation (MT) is much less flexible though most of the symbols used by human translators, with the exception of auditory symbols, phonemes and uttered-word segments, have analogues in MT. Different types of input passage require different translation procedures, in particular with reference to the relative roles played by syntactic and semantic analysis. Closer formal resemblances may occur between human translation and MT procedures for the same type of input than between the procedures of either the human translation or MT confronted with input passages of various types. While the over-all performance of the human translator is unlikely to be approached in the near future by MT, the latter may accomplish certain individual translation operations more efficiently than its human counterpart, and, on occasion, produce a better translation.
Risk of nitrous oxide emissions and potential of bioaugmentation when treating digester supernatant via nitrification-denitrification

This thesis examines two different impacts of sidestream treatment of digester supernatant via nitrification-denitrification in a sequenced batch reactor (SBR). One of the impacts is the detrimental formation of nitrous oxide, and the other is the positive boosting of nitrifiers to the mainstream process through bioaugmentation. The studies have been carried out in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant.Different operating conditions were investigated in order to find thresholds for where the formation of nitrous oxide is obviously increased: low oxygen concentration during nitrification and low dosage of external carbon during denitrification. It was found that the nitrous oxide formation during nitrification was sharply increased when the oxygen concentration was lower than 1.0–1.5 mg O2/L. It was also found that it is important to maintain a sufficient dosage of external carbon during denitrification to avoid formation of nitrous oxide during anoxic conditions. The emissions of nitrous oxide were considerably lowered with a carbon dosage corresponding to more than 4 kg COD/kg TN in the influent than with a carbon dosage of lower than 2.5 kg COD/kg TN. Nitrifier denitrification and incomplete denitrification are believed to be the main pathways under oxic and anoxic conditions, respectively. The nitrous oxide emissions were also modeled. It was shown that the model was capable of partly reproducing the emissions. However, additional work is required to predict the emissions with high certainty by simulation. The boosting of nitrifiers from a sidestream reactor to the mainstream process has been studied: bioaugmentation. The effect of bioaugmentation was evaluated through nitrification rate measurements and analyses of nitrifiers by molecular methods. The measurements demonstrated that the nitrification rate increased by more than 40% during the coldest weeks and 25% during the whole studied period. The molecular methods showed an increased abundance of nitrifiers of 25% during the whole studied period, and thus consistent with the results from the nitrification rate measurements. Furthermore, the total number of nitrifying species increased during the bioaugmentation. (Less)
THE DUST-SCATTERING X-RAY RINGS OF THE ANOMALOUS X-RAY PULSAR 1E 1547.0–5408

On 2009 January 22 numerous strong bursts were detected from the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1547.0–5408. Swift/XRT and XMM-Newton/EPIC observations carried out in the following two weeks led to the discovery of three X-ray rings centered on this source. The ring radii increased with time following the expansion law expected for a short impulse of X-rays scattered by three dust clouds. Assuming different models for the dust composition and grain size distribution, we fit the intensity decay of each ring as a function of time at different energies, obtaining tight constraints on the distance of the X-ray source. Although the distance strongly depends on the adopted dust model, we find that some models are incompatible with our X-ray data, restricting to 4–8 kpc the range of possible distances for 1E 1547.0–5408. The best-fitting dust model provides a source distance of 3.91 ± 0.07 kpc, which is compatible with the proposed association with the supernova remnant G327.24–0.13, and implies distances of 2.2 kpc, 2.6 kpc and 3.4 kpc for the dust clouds, in good agreement with the dust distribution inferred by CO line observations toward 1E 1547.0–5408. However, dust distances in agreement with CO data are also obtained for a set of similarly well-fitting models that imply a source distance of ∼5 kpc. A distance of ∼4–5 kpc is also favored by the fact that these dust models are already known to provide good fits to the dust-scattering halos of bright X-ray binaries. Assuming NH = 1022 cm−2 in the dust cloud responsible for the brightest ring and a bremsstrahlung spectrum with kT = 100 keV, we estimate that the burst producing the X-ray ring released an energy of 1044–1045 erg in the 1–100 keV band, suggesting that this burst was the brightest flare without any long-lasting pulsating tail ever detected from a magnetar.
Cross-Cultural Differences in the Effect of Received Word-of-Mouth Referral in Relational Service Exchange

Because of suggested beneficial effects of word-of-mouth (WOM) referral, service companies have invested large amounts of money in customer referral programs as well as programs aimed at fostering positive communication among their existing customers. The question of cross-cultural differences in the effectiveness of WOM has recently gained increased prominence. The authors contribute to research on this topic by proposing a positive effect of received WOM on service quality perceptions among existing customers. Moreover, they predict that cultural values moderate this effect. They test the model on 1910 bank customers in 11 countries. The results show that received WOM has a positive effect on customer service quality perceptions. Furthermore, received WOM has a stronger effect on the evaluation of customers in high-uncertainty-avoidance than in low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures. No other cultural value is a significant moderator. The results imply that received WOM is also important to existing customers and that managers should adjust their strategy of referral marketing to match their target group's uncertainty-avoidance level.
INDOOR POSITIONING USING INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS

With the increase in the number of smart phone users worldwide there comes a high demand for smart phone based location systems. Within the project “Indoor positioning using inertial measurement units” an android application has been developed wherein the position of the smart phone user with respect to the floor environment is determined. This has been achieved using the smart phone sensors step detector and rotation vector which act as inbuilt inertial measurement unit (IMU) in smart phones. The algorithm used is “Pedestrian Dead Reckoning “(PDR).
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of 2-(1,3- Benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)arylsulfonohydrazide Derivatives

Purpose : To study the antibacterial activity of various sulfonamides derived from 1,3-benzodioxol-5- carbohydrazide. Methods : The synthesis involved the conversion of 1,3-benzodioxol-5-carboxylic acid (1) to ethyl 1,3- benzodioxol-5-carboxylate (2) and then to 1,3-benzodioxol-5-carbohydrazide (3). The target molecules, 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl)arylsulfonohydrazide derivatives (5a-l) were synthesized through a benignant method from aqueous medium by the reaction of 3 and arylsulfonyl chlorides (4a-l). The structural formulae of the synthesized compounds were characterized by infra red spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS). The compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity by determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results : The molecule, 5k, bearing 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl group exhibited the highest activity with MIC of 11.92 ± 3.40 ( S. typhi ), 8.37 ± 2.22 ( E. coli ), 9.28 ± 2.31 ( P. aeroginosa ), 11.76 ± 1.30 ( B. subtilis ) and 10.30 ± 1.63 ( S. aureus ) μmoles/L relative to that of ciprofloxacin with 9.42 ± 1.09, 8.02 ± 2.17, 8.11 ± 1.32, 8.88 ± 2.00 and 9.23 ± 1.87 μmoles/L respectively. Conclusion : The most potent of the synthesized compounds (5k) posesses moderate activity against all the bacterial strains, while 5g remained completely inactive. Keywords : 1,3-Benzodioxol-5-carboxylic acid, Antibacterial activity, Sulfonohydrazide, Synthesis
A Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with a Unique Variant Philadelphia Chromosome Translocation : t ( 9 ; 22 ; 19 ) ( q 34 ; q 11 . 2 ; p 13 )

The cytogenetic hallmark of the disease is a reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) between the ABL (Abelson murine leukemia) gene on chromosome 9 and the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene on chromosome 22, with subsequent formation of Ph chromosome which encodes an oncoprotein with constitutively active tyrosine kinase activity that activates downstream pathways and promotes the growth and replication of the myeloid cell line4.
A Framework for Review Spam Detection Research

With the increasing number of people reviewing products online in recent years, opinion sharing websites has become the most important source of customers’ opinions. Unfortunately, spammers generate and post fake reviews in order to promote or demote brands and mislead potential customers. These are notably destructive not only for potential customers, but also for business holders and manufacturers. However, research in this area is not adequate, and many critical problems related to spam detection have not been solved to date. To provide green researchers in the domain with a great aid, in this paper, we have attempted to create a highquality framework to make a clear vision on review spam-detection methods. In addition, this report contains a comprehensive collection of detection metrics used in proposed spam-detection approaches. These metrics are extremely applicable for developing novel detection methods. Keywords—Fake reviews, Feature collection, Opinion spam, Spam detection.
A toolkit for power system security assessment based on machine-learning tecniques

In this paper, we present a flexible software environment that facilitates the use of machine learning techniques in power system contingency studies as an alternative to traditional power flow analysis. The architecture of this toolkit, which includes the database repository, and a number of machine learning tools are described. The toolkit approach enables the user to experiment with the predictive powers of various machine-learning tools over various network operating points. The paper covers the findings of a case study performing a sensitivity analysis using the presented software environment.
The influence of warm-season precipitation on the diel cycle of the surface energy balance and carbon dioxide at a Colorado subalpine forest site

Abstract. Precipitation changes the physical and biological characteristics of an ecosystem. Using a precipitation-based conditional sampling technique and a 14 year data set from a 25 m micrometeorological tower in a high-elevation subalpine forest, we examined how warm-season precipitation affected the above-canopy diel cycle of wind and turbulence, net radiation Rnet, ecosystem eddy covariance fluxes (sensible heat H, latent heat LE, and CO2 net ecosystem exchange NEE) and vertical profiles of scalars (air temperature Ta, specific humidity q, and CO2 dry mole fraction χc). This analysis allowed us to examine how precipitation modified these variables from hourly (i.e., the diel cycle) to multi-day time-scales (i.e., typical of a weather-system frontal passage). During mid-day we found the following: (i) even though precipitation caused mean changes on the order of 50–70 % to Rnet, H, and LE, the surface energy balance (SEB) was relatively insensitive to precipitation with mid-day closure values ranging between 90 and 110 %, and (ii) compared to a typical dry day, a day following a rainy day was characterized by increased ecosystem uptake of CO2 (NEE increased by a 10 %), enhanced evaporative cooling (mid-day LE increased by a 30 W m−2), and a smaller amount of sensible heat transfer (mid-day H decreased by a 70 W m−2). Based on the mean diel cycle, the evaporative contribution to total evapotranspiration was, on average, around 6 % in dry conditions and between 15 and 25 % in partially wet conditions. Furthermore, increased LE lasted at least 18 h following a rain event. At night, even though precipitation (and accompanying clouds) reduced the magnitude of Rnet, LE increased from a 10 to over 20 W m−2 due to increased evaporation. Any effect of precipitation on the nocturnal SEB closure and NEE was overshadowed by atmospheric phenomena such as horizontal advection and decoupling that create measurement difficulties. Above-canopy mean χc during wet conditions was found to be about 2–3 μmol mol−1 larger than χc on dry days. This difference was fairly constant over the full diel cycle suggesting that it was due to synoptic weather patterns (different air masses and/or effects of barometric pressure). Finally, the effect of clouds on the timing and magnitude of daytime ecosystem fluxes is described.
The metalloporphyrin BMX-010 in human islet isolation and clinical transplantation

Introduction: Despite the success of islet transplantation, islet loss during isolation and culture remains an enduring obstacle. Background: Islets are known to have poor defense mechanisms against the accumulation of free radicals. Antioxidants have proven to be beneficial for improving islet viability and function during culture. This pilot study evaluates the benefits of the metalloporphyrin BMX-010 for clinical islet transplantation. Materials and Methods: Islets were isolated from 6 human pancreases in the presences of BMX-010 (34 μmol/L) supplementation. Treatment isolations were matched with 14 comparable non-research clinical isolation controls. All islet preparations were assessed for viability and function and subsequently transplanted into patients. Results: Both groups showed similar yield (BMX: 511,581 IEQ vs. Controls: 395,021 IEQ, p=0.28) and comparable insulin release (stimulation index 4.48 ± 1.8 vs. 3.3 ± 0.7, p=0.45) after a median culture period of 33 hours. Oxygen consumption rate and fractional viability were also similar before transplant (p=0.14 and p=0.68, respectively). Isolations were more likely to be used in transplant when supplemented with BMX-010 (5/6; 83% vs. 8/14; 57%, p=0.26). Post-transplant graft function was also similar for both groups. Discussion: BMX-010 did not impair human islet function but did not provide detectable benefit to cell yield or transplant efficacy compared to controls. Conversely, pre-clinical studies were encouraging. This may suggest that contrary to prior studies, cell death activation pathways may be less activated in clinical islet transplantation than previously estimated; alternatively, dose delivery or other parameters may be suboptimal. Conclusions: We demonstrate herein that addition of BMX-010 across the islet isolation process does not affect human islet yield, post culture survival or beta cell function.
Isolating metal‐tolerant bacteria capable of removing copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated wood

Bioremediation of chromated copper arsenate-treated waste wood with one or more metal-tolerant bacteria is a potential method of naturally releasing metals from treated wood fibre. Sampling eight environments with elevated levels of copper, chromium, and arsenic resulted in the isolation of 28 bacteria with the capability of releasing one or more of the components from chromated copper arsenate-treated wood. The isolates represent 13 species of 8 different genera of soil-inhabiting bacteria. Three isolates, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus FN02, Aureobacterium esteroaromaticum VV03, and Klebsiella oxytoca CC08, were able to release 98% of the chromium, which is the most difficult component of chromated copper arsenate to remove from treated wood. Bacillus licheniformis CC01 released the highest percentage of copper, 93%, from treated wood. Eleven isolates, including Bacillus licheniformis CC01 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus FN 02, released 44% to 48% of the arsenic.
The Exoplanet Orbit Database

We present a database of well-determined orbital parameters of exoplanets, and their host stars’ properties. This database comprises spectroscopic orbital elements measured for 427 planets orbiting 363 stars from radial velocity and transit measurements as reported in the literature. We have also compiled fundamental transit parameters, stellar parameters, and the method used for the planets discovery. This Exoplanet Orbit Database includes all planets with robust, well measured orbital parameters reported in peer-reviewed articles. The database is available in a searchable, filterable, and sortable form online through the Exoplanets Data Explorer table, and the data can be plotted and explored through the Exoplanet Data Explorer plotter. We use the Data Explorer to generate publication-ready plots, giving three examples of the signatures of exoplanet migration and dynamical evolution: We illustrate the character of the apparent correlation between mass and period in exoplanet orbits, the different selection biases between radial velocity and transit surveys, and that the multiplanet systems show a distinct semimajor-axis distribution from apparently singleton systems.
Second International Symposium on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management

This paper describes a portable, low-cost, computerized, hand-held trammg aid that can supplement classroom training and provide off-site training and practice opportunities in a variety of Army, Air Force, and Navy technical specialties. The engineering design, soft ware and courseware incorporated the latest in electronic, human factors, ~. nd training technologies. Software and courseware were designed to prvvide intrinsic motivation and enhance the effectiveness of training. The evaluation plan that describes the research questions and associated measures is also presented.