Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Being up front: narrative context and aspectual choice*

abstract Readers actively construct representational models of meaning when reading text, and they do so by drawing on a range of kinds of information, from the specific linguistic forms of the sentences to knowledge about how the world works (Ferretti, Kutas, & McRae, 2007; Madden & Zwaan, 2003). The present set of studies focused on how grammatical aspect is integrated into a situation model and how it is connected to other dimensions of model construction. In three experiments, participants were asked to complete sentences with a choice of grammatical aspect form (perfective or imperfective). The test sentences systematically varied four dimensions of the sentence that were linked to grammatical aspect in different ways: telicity and transitivity (both linked through their semantic representations), subject animacy (linked through an inference over semantic representations), and related location information (linked through an inference grounded in world knowledge). In addition, to examine the influence of discourse function (backgrounding vs. foregrounding) on aspectual choice different construction types were varied across experiments – specifically a fronted locative construction and the presence of a generic narrative opener (Once upon a time). The results found that aspectual choice depends on information linked to the semantic representation of grammatical aspect; however, in contrast to previous work (e.g., Ferreti et al., 2007) information grounded in world knowledge (location information) did not influence aspectual choice except when it was integrated in a specialized discourse construction.
GráficosRA: Um Aplicativo baseado em Realidade Aumentada para Ensino de Cálculo

As altas taxas de reprovacao em componentes curriculares da area de matematica estao entre os principais obstaculos no processo de formacao de Engenheiros. Uma das grandes dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos, notoriamente no componente de Calculo III, e a compreensao de funcoes matematicas que geram graficos tridimensionais. A partir do reconhecimento desta dificuldade , o presente trabalho visa apresentar um aplicativo para dispositivos moveis, baseados no Sistema Operacional Android, que utiliza recursos de Realidade Aumentada, para permitir a visualizacao de graficos tridimensionais gerados por funcoes matematicas. Foram criados cinco marcadores e modeladas cinco funcoes matematicas que produziram objetos tridimensionais. O aplicativo foi testado com sucesso nas tres versoes do Android com maior uso em tres diferentes dispositivos.
Preoperative Laboratory Testing in Patients Undergoing Elective, Low-Risk Ambulatory Surgery

Background:Routine preoperative laboratory testing for ambulatory surgery is not recommended. Methods:Patients who underwent elective hernia repair (N = 73,596) were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database (2005–2010). Patterns of preoperative testing were examined. Multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with testing and postoperative complications. Results:A total of 46,977 (63.8%) patients underwent testing, with at least one abnormal test recorded in 61.6% of patients. In patients with no NSQIP comorbidities (N = 25,149) and no clear indication for testing, 54% received at least one test. In addition, 15.3% of tested patients underwent laboratory testing the day of the operation. In this group, surgery was done despite abnormal results in 61.6% of same day tests. In multivariate analyses, testing was associated with older age, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class >1, hypertension, ascites, bleeding disorders, systemic steroids, and laparoscopic procedures. Major complications (reintubation, pulmonary embolus, stroke, renal failure, coma, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, septic shock, bleeding, or death) occurred in 0.3% of patients. After adjusting for patient and procedure characteristics, neither testing nor abnormal results were associated with postoperative complications. Conclusions:Preoperative testing is overused in patients undergoing low-risk, ambulatory surgery. Neither testing nor abnormal results were associated with postoperative outcomes. On the basis of high rates of testing in healthy patients, physician and/or facility preference and not only patient condition currently dictate use. Involvement from surgical societies is necessary to establish guidelines for preoperative testing.
Estimating Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences for Restaurants and Travel Time Using Mobile Location Data

This paper analyzes consumer choices over lunchtime restaurants using data from a sample of several thousand anonymous mobile phone users in the San Francisco Bay Area. The data is used to identify users' approximate typical morning location, as well as their choices of lunchtime restaurants. We build a model where restaurants have latent characteristics (whose distribution may depend on restaurant observables, such as star ratings, food category, and price range), each user has preferences for these latent characteristics, and these preferences are heterogeneous across users. Similarly, each item has latent characteristics that describe users' willingness to travel to the restaurant, and each user has individual-specific preferences for those latent characteristics. Thus, both users' willingness to travel and their base utility for each restaurant vary across user-restaurant pairs. We use a Bayesian approach to estimation. To make the estimation computationally feasible, we rely on variational inference to approximate the posterior distribution, as well as stochastic gradient descent as a computational approach. Our model performs better than more standard competing models such as multinomial logit and nested logit models, in part due to the personalization of the estimates. We analyze how consumers re-allocate their demand after a restaurant closes to nearby restaurants versus more distant restaurants with similar characteristics, and we compare our predictions to actual outcomes. Finally, we show how the model can be used to analyze counterfactual questions such as what type of restaurant would attract the most consumers in a given location.
Resection and Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Surveillance programs in cirrhotic patients enable the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at early stages, when the tumor is amenable to curative treatments (60% of cases in Japan; 25 to 40% in Europe and the United States). Resection is the mainstay of treatment in noncirrhotic patients and in cirrhotics with well-preserved liver function. In modern series, a perioperative mortality < or = 3% and 5-year survival rates above 50% are expected. Tumor recurrence complicates half of the cases at 3 years, but there is no unquestionable preventive treatment. Liver transplantation provides excellent outcomes applying the Milan criteria (single nodule < or = 5 cm or two or three nodules < or = 3 cm), with 5-year survival rates of 70% and low recurrence rates. Although expansion of selection criteria is appealing, it should be assessed in the setting of prospective well-designed studies. Intention-to-treat analysis has shown that wide extended indications lead to 25% 5-year survival rates. Living donor liver transplantation is having a minor impact in HCC management. Molecular markers are needed to better select the candidates for surgery.
Suppression of Amber Mutations of Bacteriophage T4 Gene 43 (DNA Polymerase) by Translational Ambiguity

The growth properties of twelve different amber (am) mutants of bacteriophage T4 gene 43 (DNA polymerase) were examined by using nonpermissive (su−) as well as permissive (su+) Escherichia coli hosts. It was found that most of these mutants were measurably suppressed in su− hosts by translational ambiguity (misreading of codons during protein synthesis). The ability of these mutants to grow in response to this form of weak suppression probably means that the T4 gene 43 DNA polymerase can be effective in supporting productive DNA replication when it is supplied in small amounts. By similar criteria, studies with other phage mutants suggested that the products of T4 genes 62 (uncharacterized), 44 (uncharacterized), 42 (dCMP-hydroxymethylase), and 56 (dCTPase) are also effective in small amounts. Some T4 gene products, such as the product of gene 41 (uncharacterized), seem to be partially dispensable for phage growth since am mutants of such genes do propagate, although weakly, in streptomycin-resistant su− hosts which appear to have lost the capacity to suppress am mutations by ambiguity.
Increased systemic vascular responsiveness to catecholamines in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Systemic vascular responsiveness to i.v. bolus injections of norepinephrine and tyramine was evaluated in adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Changes in total peripheral resistance (TPR) were used as an index of vascular response. Dose-response curves were plotted with 1n-dose on the x-axis and percent of maximum change in TPR on the y-axis, and the following indices of responsiveness were used: slope, 1nED50, 1nx-intercept, and maximum response. Measurements were made before and after ganglionic blockade with pentolinium (5 mg/kg, i.v.). Cardiac output for TPR calculations was obtained from an implanted flow probe on the ascending aorta. The slopes and maximum responses to norepinephrine and tyramine were greater in SHR v. WKY, P less than . 05, before and after pentolinium treatment. There were no significant differences in 1nED50 or 1nx-intercept between WKY and SHR for tyramine and norepinephrine prior to pentolinium. After pentolinium 1nED50 and 1nx-intercept were similar for SHR and WKY for norepinephrine, but were greater in SHR for tyramine. The results demonstrate an increased systemic vascular responsiveness to catecholamines in adult SHR, with no evidence of increased systemic vascular sensitivity. These findings are consistent with the concept of increased systemic vascular responsiveness to catecholamines in adult SHR secondary to structural changes in blood vessels.
Phosphorylation by the Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF47 Protein Serine Kinase Determines whether Endocytosed Viral gE Traffics to the trans-Golgi Network or Recycles to the Cell Membrane

ABSTRACT Like all alphaherpesviruses, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection proceeds by both cell-cell spread and virion production. Virions are enveloped within vacuoles located near the trans-Golgi network (TGN), while in cell-cell spread, surface glycoproteins fuse cells into syncytia. In this report, we delineate a potential role for serine/threonine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of the predominant VZV glycoprotein, gE, in these processes. The fact that VZV gE (formerly called gpI) is phosphorylated has been documented (E. A. Montalvo and C. Grose, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8967-8971, 1986), although respective roles of viral and cellular protein kinases have never been delineated. VZV ORF47 is a viral serine protein kinase that recognized a consensus sequence similar to that of casein kinase II (CKII). During open reading frame 47 (ORF47)-specific in vitro kinase assays, ORF47 phosphorylated four residues in the cytoplasmic tail of VZV gE (S593, S595, T596, and T598), thus modifying the known phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1 domain. CKII phosphorylated gE predominantly on the two threonine residues. In wild-type-virus-infected cells, where ORF47-mediated phosphorylation predominated, gE endocytosed and relocalized to the TGN. In cells infected with a VZV ORF47-null mutant, internalized VZV gE recycled to the plasma membrane and did not localize to the TGN. The mutant virus also formed larger syncytia than the wild-type virus, linking CKII-mediated gE phosphorylation with increased cell-cell spread. Thus, ORF47 and CKII behaved as “team players” in the phosphorylation of VZV gE. Taken together, the results showed that phosphorylation of VZV gE by ORF47 or CKII determined whether VZV infection proceeded toward a pathway likely involved with either virion production or cell-cell spread.
The Impact of Biosampling Procedures on Molecular Data Interpretation*

The separation between biological and technical variation without extensive use of technical replicates is often challenging, particularly in the context of different forms of protein and peptide modifications. Biosampling procedures in the research laboratory are easier to conduct within a shorter time frame and under controlled conditions as compared with clinical sampling, with the latter often having issues of reproducibility. But is the research laboratory biosampling really less variable? Biosampling introduces within minutes rapid tissue-specific changes in the cellular microenvironment, thus inducing a range of different pathways associated with cell survival. Biosampling involves hypoxia and, depending on the circumstances, hypothermia, circumstances for which there are evolutionarily conserved defense strategies in the range of species and also are relevant for the range of biomedical conditions. It remains unclear to what extent such adaptive processes are reflected in different biosampling procedures or how important they are for the definition of sample quality. Lately, an increasing number of comparative studies on different biosampling approaches, post-mortem effects and pre-sampling biological state, have investigated such immediate early biosampling effects. Commonalities between biosampling effects and a range of ischemia/reperfusion- and hypometabolism/anoxia-associated biological phenomena indicate that even small variations in post-sampling time intervals are likely to introduce a set of nonrandom and tissue-specific effects of experimental importance (both in vivo and in vitro). This review integrates the information provided by these comparative studies and discusses how an adaptive biological perspective in biosampling procedures may be relevant for sample quality issues.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 concentration influenced by serum insulin levels rather than arterial stiffness index in type 2 diabetics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) can suppress the atherosclerotic development in diabetic patients. METHODS The prospective study was carried out in the Out-patient Department of XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China, between March and August 2013. The correlation of major index of glucose and lipid metabolism profiles, and the arterial stiffness index (AI) between diabetic patients and healthy subjects were analyzed. PATIENTS OR MATERIALS 39 patients with type 2 diabetes and 29 healthy subjects were enrolled for measurements of blood glucose, plasma insulin, HbA1c, TC, cholesterol, HDL, AI and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Significant differences were found between DPP-4 and blood glucose (fasting and 2 h postprandial), HbA1c, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and arterial stiffness in normal subjects and diabetic patients. Only the fasting insulin concentration and high density lipoprotein had a significant impact on DPP-4 levels. CONCLUSIONS It was clear that insulin (fasting) and HDL levels had an impact on DPP-4 activity but only in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The arterial stiffness index was not correlated with DPP-4 levels in Type 2 diabetic patients.
A Highly Sensitive Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Based Assay for Acetylcholinesterase in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Transgenic Mice with Alzheimer's Disease

A highly sensitive, selective, and dual-readout (colorimetric and fluorometric) assay for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) based on Rhodamine B-modified gold nanoparticle is reported. Due to its good sensitivity and selectivity, the assay can be used for monitoring AChE levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease.
Measurement of physical activity among black and white obese women.

Several recent self-reported surveys have suggested that African-American women may engage in less leisure-time physical activity (PA) than whites. Objective measurements of PA have not been performed, however. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the components of energy expenditure, including PA, between black and white obese women. Using the doubly labeled water method, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermic effect of a meal (TEM), and PA were measured in 14 black and 15 white moderately obese women over 2 weeks. No statistically significant differences were seen between the 2 groups in BMR, TEM or TDEE. Mean PA was significantly (p = 0.05) lower among black women compared to whites when expressed as MJ. d-1 (3.49 vs. 4.30) or kJ.kg-1.d-1 (37.6 vs. 47.7). Our study supports the survey differences seen in PA among black and white women.
Perception and attitude about systemic health and periodontal disease among dentistry undergraduates.

PURPOSE To evaluate the perceptions held by dentistry undergraduates about the relationship between general health and periodontal disease. In addition, student knowledge about treatment of patients with systemic disorders was also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were all undergraduates in the last year of dental school from three different universities (N = 253). Inclusion criteria were students enrolled in their last year of the dental curriculum and who agreed to participate in the research. After the participants filled out a structured questionnaire, the results were analysed using Epi Info 3.5. 1 software and the chi-square, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS The majority of participants recognised the relationship between periodontal and cardiac disease and diabetes mellitus. However, only half of the participants were aware of the relationship between periodontal disease and stroke (50.5%). In relation to caring for patients with systemic diseases, 61.4% of students surveyed did not know the blood glucose level that characterises a hypoglycemic status. The majority of participants (61.8%) stated the importance of evaluating vital signs prior to dental treatment. However, only 13.3% of the participants included temperature and respiratory rate as vital signs. CONCLUSION The perception and attitude of undergraduates about the items on the questionnaire were deficient. Thus, a more holistic view of the patient is warranted within dental education, promoting health and quality of life.
AMIA president's column: AMIA and HIT policy activities

In my inaugural column in January 2011, I described the recent efforts by AMIA to assess its current and future roles, and the ways in which we are perceived by our members and by external groups. Insights from formal and informal surveys have led to a number of changes, including our new logo and branding, our new website, and our explicit efforts to broaden our membership within the informatics and health-information-technology communities. One element in the surveys was particularly surprising to us, however. Our members expressed a desire for AMIA to be more involved in public policy work and to represent the field visibly and effectively as legislation and regulations are developed and promulgated. Yet this is an area in which AMIA has evolved dramatically in recent years, and our role and effectiveness in Washington, DC and with major policy groups are well known to the organization's leadership and to our colleagues in other societies. Since it appears that some of our members are unaware of the significant work that AMIA does in the policy arena, I would like to devote this issue's column to providing a brief update on this topic. From its inception more than two decades ago, AMIA has had a public policy committee, and its volunteer members did what they could to represent the field and its interests and to inform other members about evolving policy issues. Fortunately, with the 2004 recruitment of Dr Don Detmer to his role as President and CEO of the association, we had full-time …
Towards converged 5G mobile networks-challenges and current trends

With the rapid development of wireless technologies, the concept of the Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communication system started to emerge and it is foreseen that it will be a result of standards convergence. The expectations towards 5G are set much higher in terms of capacity and maximum throughput when compared with Fourth Generation (4G). There are also some new technical challenges the system will need to face, like Machine to Machine (M2M) communication, energy efficiency, complete ubiquity and autonomous management. This paper analyses new technologies that could enable 5G networking, discusses potential standardisation and development directions, and presents recent research efforts in the area of future mobile networks.
Inactivation of bacteria and spores by pulse electric field and high pressure CO2 at low temperature.

The common methods for inactivation of bacteria involve heating or exposure to toxic chemicals. These methods are not suitable for heat-sensitive materials, food, and pharmaceutical products. Recently, a complete inactivation of many microorganisms was achieved with high-pressure carbon dioxide at ambient temperature and in the absence of organic solvent and irradiation. The inactivation of spores with CO(2) required long residence time and high temperatures, such as 60 degrees C. In this study the synergistic effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) in combination with high-pressure CO(2) for inactivation was investigated. The bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were suspended in glycerol solution and treated in the first step with PEF (up to 25 KV/cm) and then with high-pressure CO(2) not higher than 40 degrees C and 200 bar. The inactivation efficiency was determined by counting the colony formation units of control and sample. Samples of the cells subjected to PEF treatment alone and in combination with CO(2) treatment were examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine the effect of the processes on the cell wall. Experimental results indicate that the viability decreased with increasing electrical field strength and number of pulses. A further batch treatment with supercritical CO(2) lead to complete inactivation of bacterial species and decreased the count of the spores by at least three orders of magnitude, the inactivation being enhanced by an increase of contact time between CO(2) and the sample. A synergistic effect between the pulsed electric field and the high-pressure CO(2) was evident in all the species treated. The new low temperature process is an alternative for pasteurization of thermally labile compounds such as protein and plasma and minimizes denaturation of important nutrient compounds in the liquid media.
Practical Evaluation of Dimming Control Methods for Electronic Ballasts

The authors compare and evaluate 1) the traditional frequency-control dimming method and 2) a recently-patented voltage-control dimming method in electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps. The power factor, energy efficiency, electronic loss, efficacy (lumen/W), and crest factor of 2times36W electronic ballasts based on these two dimming methods are recorded and compared over a wide dimming range. It is found that the voltage dimming control approach is much better than the frequency control method in most of the compared aspects as the lamp is dimmed. In particular, voltage dimming approach has much higher energy efficiency and lumen per watt than the frequency control one. Unlike the frequency dimming method, voltage dimming control has a distinctive feature in that its electronic loss decreases with decreasing lamp power