Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Content, Quality, and Assessment Tools of Physician-Rating Websites in 12 Countries: Quantitative Analysis

Background Websites on which users can rate their physician are becoming increasingly popular, but little is known about the website quality, the information content, and the tools they offer users to assess physicians. This study assesses these aspects on physician-rating websites in German- and English-speaking countries. Objective The objective of this study was to collect information on websites with a physician rating or review tool in 12 countries in terms of metadata, website quality (transparency, privacy and freedom of speech of physicians and patients, check mechanisms for appropriateness and accuracy of reviews, and ease of page navigation), professional information about the physician, rating scales and tools, as well as traffic rank. Methods A systematic Web search based on a set of predefined keywords was conducted on Google, Bing, and Yahoo in August 2016. A final sample of 143 physician-rating websites was analyzed and coded for metadata, quality, information content, and the physician-rating tools. Results The majority of websites were registered in the United States (40/143) or Germany (25/143). The vast majority were commercially owned (120/143, 83.9%), and 69.9% (100/143) displayed some form of physician advertisement. Overall, information content (mean 9.95/25) as well as quality were low (mean 18.67/47). Websites registered in the United Kingdom obtained the highest quality scores (mean 26.50/47), followed by Australian websites (mean 21.50/47). In terms of rating tools, physician-rating websites were most frequently asking users to score overall performance, punctuality, or wait time in practice. Conclusions This study evidences that websites that provide physician rating should improve and communicate their quality standards, especially in terms of physician and user protection, as well as transparency. In addition, given that quality standards on physician-rating websites are low overall, the development of transparent guidelines is required. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the financial goals that the majority of physician-rating websites, especially the ones that are commercially owned, pursue.
Evaluer pour évoluer

' Reunis autour du theme de l'evaluation, les etudiants cadres infirmiers de l'Institut de formation de cadres de sante de Ville-Evrard (93) ont presente, lors du congres organise par Praqsi a Turinen mai 2004, une communication dont l'objet porte sur l'analyse du cadre de l'evaluation, tant du cote de l'evalue que de l'evaluateur ' Cela pose egalement la question "evoluer pour evaluer" et montre que l'acte d'evaluation est etroitement lie a l'evolution sociologique et historique du travail.
Changes in pain intensity after discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain

Abstract Little is known about changes in pain intensity that may occur after discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). The objective of this study was to characterize pain intensity after opioid discontinuation over 12 months. This retrospective U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative data study identified N = 551 patients nationally who discontinued LTOT. Data over 24 months (12 months before and after discontinuation) were abstracted from VA administrative records. Random-effects regression analyses examined changes in 0 to 10 pain numeric rating scale scores over time, whereas growth mixture models delineated pain trajectory subgroups. Mean estimated pain at the time of opioid discontinuation was 4.9. Changes in pain after discontinuation were characterized by slight but statistically nonsignificant declines in pain intensity over 12 months after discontinuation (B = −0.20, P = 0.14). Follow-up growth mixture models identified 4 pain trajectory classes characterized by the following postdiscontinuation pain levels: no pain (average pain at discontinuation = 0.37), mild clinically significant pain (average pain = 3.90), moderate clinically significant pain (average pain = 6.33), and severe clinically significant pain (average pain = 8.23). Similar to the overall sample, pain trajectories in each of the 4 classes were characterized by slight reductions in pain over time, with patients in the mild and moderate pain trajectory categories experiencing the greatest pain reductions after discontinuation (B = −0.11, P = 0.05 and B = −0.11, P = 0.04, respectively). Pain intensity after discontinuation of LTOT does not, on average, worsen for patients and may slightly improve, particularly for patients with mild-to-moderate pain at the time of discontinuation. Clinicians should consider these findings when discussing risks of opioid therapy and potential benefits of opioid taper with patients.
Overlooking others: Dehumanization by comission and omission.

Dehumanization, the denial of fundamentally human capacities to others, has contributed to largescale intergroup conflict and violence, ranging from the Holocaust, to American slavery, to Rwandan warfare between the Hutus and Tutsis. The type of dehumanization that emerges in these contexts typically stems from the motives to represent others actively and overtly as subhuman (e.g., Jews as vermin, African Americans as apelike, Tutsis as cockroaches) and to justify and facilitate aggression toward that group. Representing others as subhuman denies them fundamental human rights for freedom and protection from harm. Although psychology has primarily focused on this active, aggressive, and intergroup-oriented form of dehumanization, which we call dehumanization by commission, a more common form of dehumanization exists in everyday life. We call this form dehumanization by omission, a passive process whereby people overlook, or fail to recognize, others’ fundamentally human mental capacities, as opposed to denying them these capacities actively. Here, we document the two forms of dehumanization — by commission and by omission — and describe their antecedents, psychological importance, and consequences.
Tie-Breaking in A * as Satisficing Search

Best-first search algorithms such as A* need to apply tiebreaking strategies in order to decide which node to expand when multiple search nodes have the same evaluation score. Recently, these tiebreaking strategies were shown to have significant impact on the performance of A* especially on domains with 0-cost actions, and a new method was proposed. In this paper, we propose a framework for interpreting A* search as a series of satisficing searches within plateaus consisting of nodes with the same f-cost. This new framework motivates a new class of tie-breaking strategy, a multiheuristic tie-breaking strategy which embeds inadmissible, distance-to-go variations of various heuristics within an admissible search. This is shown to further improve the performance in combination with the depth metric proposed in the
Physiological influences can outweigh environmental signals in otolith microchemistry research

Most studies that infer geographic distributions of fish using otolith microchemistry assume that environmental factors (e.g. temperature, salinity) outweigh intrinsic effects (e.g. size, condition); however, this assumption has not been rigorously tested, particularly in marine fish. Here, we report the results of a long-term experimental study of European plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. and explore relationships between blood plasma and ambient water chemistry over a 12 mo reproductive cycle. Overall, blood plasma was found to be highly regulated, with few elements exhibiting strong, if any, correlation with ambient concentrations. This sets a first order limit on the sensitivity of otolith chemistry to fluctuations in ambient seawater chemistry. The observed temporal, ontogenetic and sex-specific variations in blood plasma elemental concentrations indicated significant physiological influences on elemental uptake and processing mechanisms. Physiological variables exerted relatively strong influences on the uptake and regulation of the softer, more thiophilic elements (Mn, Cu, Zn, Se and Pb), as well as Sr and Ca. By contrast, seasonal and sex-related variations were relatively minor among the hard acid metal ions (Li+, Mg2+, K+, Rb+, Ba2+). Overall, plasma elemental concentrations covaried most strongly and consistently with plasma protein concentrations. For this exclusively marine species, seasonal changes in physiology governed intra-annual variations in blood chemistry and, by implication, also regulate ion availability to the otolith. Based on these observations, we recommend that sex and age should be controlled for in future experimental designs using otolith microchemistry to infer stock structure or migration patterns.
Microbial ecology of organic aggregates in aquatic ecosystems

Macroscopic organic aggregates, which are >500 µm and known as marine and lake snow, are important components in the turnover, decomposition and sinking flux of both organic and inorganic matter and elements in aquatic ecosystems. They are composed of various organic and inorganic materials depending largely on the given system and environmental conditions. The sys- tems include the pelagic limnetic, the neritic and oceanic marine region, as well as shallow turbid environments, e.g. rivers, the littoral zone of lakes, estuaries and tidally affected coastal areas with intense turbulence and a high load of suspended matter. Aggregate abundance and size vary greatly among these systems. Macroaggregates are heavily colonized by bacteria and other heterotrophic microbes and greatly enriched in organic and inorganic nutrients as compared to the surrounding water. During the last 15 yr, many studies have been carried out to examine various aspects of the formation of aggregates, their microbial colonization and decomposition, nutrient recycling and their significance for the sinking flux. They have been identified as hot-spots of the microbial decomposi- tion of organic matter. Further, microaggregates, which are <5 to 500 µm in size and stained by different dyes, such as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie blue-stained particles, have been discovered and shown also to be important in the formation and decomposition of macroaggregates. In this review we give an overview of the present state of the microbial ecology of macro- and microaggregates, including the mentioned points but highlighting in particular the recent findings on the bacterial colonization of aggregates using molecular tools, their microbial decomposition and mineralization, and the significance of protozoans and metazoans for the colo- nization and decomposition of macroaggregates. Today it is evident that not only the aggregates but also their surroundings are sites and hot-spots of microbial processes, with the plume of solutes leak- ing out of the aggregates and greatly extending the volume of the intense decomposition processes. This microheterogeneity has important implications for the spatial and temporal dynamics of the organic-matter field in aquatic ecosystems and for our understanding of how heterotrophic organisms are involved in the decomposition of organic matter. The significance of aggregate-associated micro- bial processes as key processes and also for the overall decomposition and flux of organic matter- varies greatly among the various systems, and is greatly affected by the total amount of suspended particulate matter. A conclusion from the presented studies and results is that the significance of bac- teria for the formation and decomposition of aggregates appears to be much greater than previously estimated. For a better understanding of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems it is of great impor- tance to include aggregate-associated processes in ecosystem modeling approaches.
Assessment of Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion in Patients with Isolated Cleft Palate: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies.

Background The prevalence of 22q11.2 deletion in patients presenting with isolated cleft palate has not been systematically assessed. Objective To assess the evidence in the literature for the prevalence of 22q11.2 deletion in patients who were presenting with isolated cleft palate. Material and Method A systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed between 1992 and June 2016 using search terms of 22q11.2 deletion OR 22q11 deletion AND cleft palate. Results Of the six prospective studies reported, 328 patients with isolated cleft palate had been screened with FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) test for 22q11.2 deletion. Among the 328 patients, there was one (0.3%) patient with positive FISH test for 22q11.2 deletion. This patient was clinically assessed and did not have an associated malformation or clinically recognized syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of 22q11.2 deletion among patients with isolated cleft palate is rather low. Of more than 400 genetic disorders involving occurrences of isolated cleft palate, FISH testing for 22q11.2 deletion in a patient with isolated cleft palate is recommended on clinical suspicion of additional clinical presentations of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome such as conotruncal congenital heart diseases, dysmorphic facies, velopharyngeal insufficiencies, immune deficiencies, hypoparathyroidisms, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Storytelling by a Show of Hands : A framework for interactive embodied storytelling in robotic agents

With the increasing availability of commercial humanoid robots, the domain of computational storytelling has found a tool that combines linguistics with its physical originator, the body. We present a framework that evolves previous research in this domain, from a focus on the analysis of expressiveness towards a focus on the potential for creative interaction between humans and robots. A single story may be rendered in many ways, but embodiment is one of the oldest and most natural, and does more to draw people into the story. While a robot provides the physical means to generate an infinite number of stories, we want to hear stories which are more than the products of mere generation. In the framework proposed here, we let the robot ask specific questions to tailor the creation process to the experiences of the human user. This framework offers a new basis for investigating important questions in Human-RobotInteraction, Computational creativity, and Embodied Storytelling.
Categories, concepts, and conceptual development

ABSTRACT Concepts (i.e. lexicalised classes of real or fictitious entities) play a central role in many human intellectual activities, including planning, thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. How do people acquire concepts in the course of development and learning and use them in their thinking about the world? In this article, we attempt to provide an overview of conceptual development. We suggest that concepts can originate (1) in interactions with the world and get lexicalised later or (2) in the language and get grounded later. The first route is from category learning to a concept, and we discuss this route by focusing on the mechanisms of category learning and developmental changes in these mechanisms. The second route is from a word to a concept, and we discuss this route by focusing on inferring word meanings without visual referents. We then consider proposals of how concepts get organised into networks and hierarchies.
Integrin activity in neuronal connectivity

ABSTRACT The formation of correct synaptic structures and neuronal connections is paramount for normal brain development and a functioning adult brain. The integrin family of cell adhesion receptors and their ligands play essential roles in the control of several processes regulating neuronal connectivity – including neurite outgrowth, the formation and maintenance of synapses, and synaptic plasticity – that are affected in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and schizophrenia. Many ASD- and schizophrenia-associated genes are linked to alterations in the genetic code of integrins and associated signalling pathways. In non-neuronal cells, crosstalk between integrin-mediated adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton, and the regulation of integrin activity (affinity for extracellular ligands) are widely studied in healthy and pathological settings. In contrast, the roles of integrin-linked pathways in the central nervous system remains less well defined. In this Review, we will provide an overview of the known pathways that are regulated by integrin–ECM interaction in developing neurons and in adult brain. We will also describe recent advances in the identification of mechanisms that regulate integrin activity in neurons, and highlight the interesting emerging links between integrins and neurodevelopment. Summary: This Review provides an overview of the known pathways that are regulated by integrin–ECM interaction in developing neurons and in adult brain. Mechanisms that regulate integrin activity in neurons are also described.
Clonal Lineage Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Determinants Among Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Nurses at a Teaching Hospital in Ilam, Iran: Successful Nares Decolonization by Mupirocin

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is known to be responsible for nosocomial infections, and the typing method was useful in managing the reservoir of bacteria. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in the nares and hands of nurses working in Imam Khomeini hospital, Ilam, Iran, as well as to determine the clonal relatedness, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, different virulence, and resistance determinants among these isolates. The evolution of mupirocin activity in the eradication of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) colonization in the nares of the healthcare workers in Ilam, Iran, was also determined in this study.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 nurses, auxiliary nurses, and service workers from Imam Khomeini Hospital were enrolled. MRSA, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence determinants were evaluated. Then, the isolates were subjected to pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing. Results: Our results demonstrated that 23% of isolates were MRSA. PFGE results demonstrated that pulsotypes A (3 out of 30; 10%) and J (3 out of 30; 10%), pulsotypes E (2 out of 30; 6.7%), M (2 out of 30; 6.7%), P(2 out of 30; 6.7%), and V (2 out of 30; 6.7%) were the most predominant pulsotypes, respectively. Conclusion: We cannot give conclusive suggestions about the correlation between nasal carriage and infections, but we suggest the monitoring of all healthcare workers annually, decontamination of their noses by using mupirocin and other antistaphylococcal agents, and also the washing of their hands at least every 2 h.
Effect of different doses of hydrocortisone on rat with septic encephalopathy

Background: This work was to investigate the effect of different doses of hydrocortisone (HC) on rats with septic encephalopathy. Material and Methods: Wistar rats of clean grade, 5-6 weeks old, were randomly divided into Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, high-dose hydrocortisone group, medium-dose hydrocortisone group, low-dose hydrocortisone group, and sham group (n=10). Except sham group, rats of other group were injected LPS, 25 mg/kg, i.v. 6 hours later, neuron-specific enolase (NES) in serum and brain water content were tested, and pathological changes were observed by light microscope and electron microscope. Results: Compared with sham group, LPS group demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum NES, brain water content and pathological scores (P<0.05). Different doses of HC ameliorated the injury induced by SE to different extent. Conclusion: HC decreased serum NES, lessened brain water content and relieved pathological changes of brains, which indicate that HC is likely to protect brain injury caused by SE; besides, low dose of HC has the best efficacy and high dose of HC has the worst efficacy.
Effect of SPAG 9 on migration , invasion and prognosis of prostate cancer

Purpose: The present study was designed to explore the expression of sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) in patients with prostate cancer and estimate the correlation between SPAG9 mRNA expression and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Moreover, we also investigated the role of SPAG9 in migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was adopted to detect the expression of SPAG9 mRNA in prostate cancer tissues. Chi-square was used to evaluate the relationship between SPAG9 expression and the clinical features of prostate cancer patients. Tranwell assay was performed to detect the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SPAG9 in prostate cancer patients. Results: The qRT-PCR results showed that SPAG9 mRNA was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues than the control group (P<0.05). There was tight relationship between SPAG9 mRNA expression and clinical characteristics such as Gleason score, NED rate and radical prostatectomy (P<0.05). Overexpression of SPAG9 in vitro significantly promoted the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high SPAG9 mRNA expression had higher mortality than those with low expression (P<0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that SPAG9 was a prognostic factor for prostate cancer patients (P=0.000, HR=4.878, 95% CI=2.422-9.825). Conclusion: In a word, SPAG9 is a novel prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer patients.
Syddansk Universitet On the Role of Software Quality Management in Software Process Improvement

Software Process Improvement (SPI) programs have been implemented, inter alia, to improve quality and speed of software development. SPI addresses many aspects ranging from individual developer skills to entire organizations. It comprises, for instance, the optimization of specific activities in the software lifecycle as well as the creation of organizational awareness and project culture. In the course of conducting a systematic mapping study on the state-ofthe-art in SPI from a general perspective, we observed Software Quality Management (SQM) being of certain relevance in SPI programs. In this paper, we provide a detailed investigation of those papers from the overall systematic mapping study that were classified as addressing SPI in the context of SQM (including testing). From the main study’s result set, 92 papers were selected for an in-depth systematic review to study the contributions and to develop an initial picture of how these topics are addressed in SPI. Our findings show a fairly pragmatic contribution set in which different solutions are proposed, discussed, and evaluated. Among others, our findings indicate a certain reluctance towards standard quality or (test) maturity models and a strong focus on custom review, testing, and documentation techniques, whereas a set of five selected improvement measures is almost equally addressed.