Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling, detection and diagnosis of multiple faults in cross referencing DMFBs

In recent time's digital microfluidics have gained much attention as an emerging technology that provides automation in fluid handling within a miniaturized substrate. Compared to traditional bench-top procedures, microfluidic biochips offer the advantages of low sample and reagent consumption, less likelihood of error due to minimal human intervention, high throughput, and high sensitivity. With the increase in number of bioassays for concurrent operation to be mapped in a single digital microfluidic platform needs for design automation as well as testing and fault diagnosis techniques become highly relevant for better accuracy in results and efficiency in operation. In spite of individual and independent control of electrodes -a new droplet manipulation method based on a “cross-referencing” mode that uses “row” and “columns” to access electrodes has recently come into use. The cross referencing technology largely scales down the control pin number on chip, which not only brings down manufacturing cost but also enables larger number of bioassay integration on a single biochip platform. However, the cross-referencing scheme due to severe electrode interference and other defects can result in faulty operations which in turn cause erroneous results or complete malfunction of the device. In this paper we tried to identify specific types of faults that may occur in cross referencing biochips and developed techniques for detection and location of such faults with the objective of (i) optimum resource utilization and (ii) minimum consumption of time. Testing simulation has been carried out with different size of 2D grids and with different number of test droplets and the corresponding results are found to be encouraging.
Comparative gene expression profiling of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and ocular vascular endothelial cells

Background/Aims To investigate the difference between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human ocular microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) gene expression, and to determine if these differences could improve the understanding of ocular angiogenic diseases. Methods The gene expression profiles of HUVEC and matched unpassaged human choroidal, retinal and iris endothelial cells were conducted using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Selected differences were confirmed by real time PCR. Functional cell proliferation assays were used to support microarray findings. Results HUVEC showed enrichment for probe sets involved in embryological development while ocular MVEC demonstrated enrichment for probe sets for MHC classes I and II, immune responses and cell signal transduction. Comparison of human retinal and choroidal endothelial cells demonstrated significant differences in the expression of probe sets encoding insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signalling. Cell proliferation assays demonstrated the stimulatory role of IGF-1 on retinal endothelial cells compared with choroidal endothelial cells. Conclusions Gene expression profiling has demonstrated that HUVEC are probably not a suitable surrogate for the study of ocular angiogenic disorders. There are also significant differences in the gene expression of human retinal and choroidal endothelial cells, which may be important in the mechanism and treatment of choroidal and retinal neovascularisation.
Is tympanic membrane thermometry the best method for recording temperature in children?

Tympanic membrane thermometry has become increasingly popular for measuring temperature in children. The aim of this review is to ascertain the most appropriate, research-based thermometry method for use with children in acute healthcare settings. The following are considered: • Concerns regarding the accuracy of the tympanic membrane thermometer. • Whether comparison of the tympanic membrane thermometer with temperature measurement at other body sites is appropriate. • How choice of thermometer may be influenced by children's and nurses' preferences, technique, the age of the child, ear size and children with otitis media, perforated eardrums, cerumen (ear wax), ear pain or grommets in-situ. • Children's preferences and rectal thermometry in relation to children's rights, which have not been reviewed so far.
Effect of alpha thalassaemia on the rheology of homozygous sickle cell disease

Summary. A study of rheological determinants (plasma viscosity, whole‐blood viscosity, and erythrocyte deformability) was made in 24 matched pairs of patients with homozygous sickle cell disease, with and without homozygous α‐thalassaemia 2. Patients with coexisting α‐thalassaemia showed a significant increase in erythrocyte deformability measured as filtration of washed erythrocytes through 5 μm diameter pores and also as viscosity of whole blood at high shear rate (230 s−1) and standard haematocrit (0·45). This rheological advantage may explain the beneficial effect of α‐thalassaemia 2 on haematological parameters and clinical events in homozygous sickle cell disease.
Polyarteritis Nodosa Related to Hepatitis B Virus A Prospective Study with Long‐Term Observation of 41 Patients

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare disease whose frequency has been decreasing over the past 10 years. We evaluated 41 patients with HBV-related PAN to determine the circumstances leading to infection, the clinical features of vasculitis, the prognostic factors, and the response to therapy. Most patients were first treated briefly with corticosteroids, and all were included in 2 nonrandomized prospective therapeutic trials of an antiviral agent (35 patients with vidarabine, 6 patients with interferon-alpha 2b) and plasma exchanges. The mean duration of follow-up was 69.6 +/- 44.8 months. At the end of the study, 21 (51.2%) patients had seroconverted to anti-HBeAb and 10 (24.4%) also had seroconverted to anti-HBsAb. In all, 23 (56%) patients no longer expressed serologic evidence of HBV replication. All 33 (80.5%) patients still alive at the end of follow-up recovered from PAN. Nineteen also recovered from HBV infection and were considered to be cured; 13 patients had persistent HBV infection and were considered to be in clinical recovery; and 1 patient was in remission, maintained with steroid therapy. Eight patients died during the study period; 3 deaths were directly attributable to PAN. HBV-related PAN is an acute disease, occurring shortly after infection and sharing the characteristics of classic PAN. It is not an antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-mediated vasculitis. The outcome was good for patients treated with short-term steroid therapy, antiviral agents, and plasma exchanges. We propose this protocol as the first treatment for HBV-related PAN, because it surpasses the conventional treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, which facilitates viral replication and the development of chronic HBV infection.
Stimulation of the Hippocampus and Medial Cortical Areas in Unanesthetized Cats

THE GENERAL CONCEPT of most morphologists has been that the hippocampus, the entire limbic (cingular) and hippocampal gyri, and the amygdaloid nuclei are concerned with important olfactory functions. Recent anatomic and physiologic observations,1,2,". l,~ however, have thrown doubt upon the concept of the purely olfactory function of these parts of the forebrain and considerable interest has been aroused concerning their possible role in the regulation of autonomic activity and emotional behavior. In the present study, which has been carried out since the spring of 1951, an attempt has been made to obtain further information regarding the functional significance of these forebrain structures by stimulating them through implanted electrodes in unanesthetized animals. The results of stimulation of the amygdala will be reported in a subsequent paper;6 the present communication deals with the hippocampus, the cingulum bundle (which is one of the important afferent projections to the hippocampus ) , and the cortex of the medial aspect of the prefrontal region, the limbic and hippocampal gyri from which cingulum fibers take their origin. All the latter structures appear to be intimately interconnected (figure 1 ) . The efferent pathway from the hippocampus, and as far as is known the only one, is represented by the fornix, which emerges as the fimbria along the border of the hippocampus and which terminates with the main mass of the fibers in the mammillary bodies. From the latter the impulses may be transmitted by way of the mammillothalamic tract (bundle of Vicq d'Azyr) to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and thence to the anterior and posterior limbic and retrosplenial cortices. In these cortical areas the cingulum fibers originate and run through the white matter subjacent to the cortex of the retrosplenial region and hippocampal gyrus to terminate mainly in the subiculum and presubiculum of the hippocampal f o r m a t i ~ n ' ~ ~ ~ J ~ and possibly directly in the hippocampus p r ~ p e r . ~ According to the recent study of Adey and Meyer,lo a conspicuous portion of the cingulum bundle originates in the granular prefrontal cortex, mainly from its medial portion.
Kelch Repeat and BTB Domain Containing Protein 5 (Kbtbd5) Regulates Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis through the E2F1-DP1 Complex*

Background: Kbtbd5 is involved in skeletal muscle myogenesis, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Results: Kbtbd5 interacts with DP1 and regulates the activity of E2F1-DP1 in skeletal muscle myogenesis. Conclusion: Kbtbd5 is an important regulator of skeletal muscle myogenesis through the regulation of E2F1-DP1 activity. Significance: This is the first report to identify DP1 as a substrate of Kbtbd5. We have previously isolated a muscle-specific Kelch gene, Kelch repeat and BTB domain containing protein 5 (Kbtbd5)/Kelch-like protein 40 (Klhl40). In this report, we identified DP1 as a direct interacting factor for Kbtbd5 using a yeast two-hybrid screen and in vitro binding assays. Our studies demonstrate that Kbtbd5 interacts and regulates the cytoplasmic localization of DP1. GST pulldown assays demonstrate that the dimerization domain of DP1 interacts with all three of the Kbtbd5 domains. We further show that Kbtbd5 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of DP1, thereby inhibiting E2F1-DP1 activity. To investigate the in vivo function of Kbtbd5, we used gene disruption technology and engineered Kbtbd5 null mice. Targeted deletion of Kbtbd5 resulted in postnatal lethality. Histological studies reveal that the Kbtbd5 null mice have smaller muscle fibers, a disorganized sarcomeric structure, increased extracellular matrix, and decreased numbers of mitochondria compared with wild-type controls. RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses demonstrate the up-regulation of E2F1 target apoptotic genes (Bnip3 and p53inp1) in Kbtbd5 null skeletal muscle. Consistent with these observations, the cellular apoptosis in Kbtbd5 null mice was increased. Breeding of Kbtbd5 null mouse into the E2F1 null background rescues the lethal phenotype of the Kbtbd5 null mice but not the growth defect. The expression of Bnip3 and p53inp1 in Kbtbd5 mutant skeletal muscle are also restored to control levels in the E2F1 null background. In summary, our studies demonstrate that Kbtbd5 regulates skeletal muscle myogenesis through the regulation of E2F1-DP1 activity.
Nocturnal asthma and changes in circulating epinephrine, histamine, and cortisol.

NOCTURNAL and early morning wheezing is very common in asthmatics, 1–3 but the mechanisms are far from clear. The clinical importance of this symptom is underlined by the fact that many sudden deaths from asthma and many episodes of ventilatory arrest occur in the early morning.4 , 5 Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain nocturnal wheezing. There is little evidence that allergic factors such as house-dust mites in bedding have a major role, 6 and the same pattern of airway obstruction is observed in patients with nonatopic (intrinsic) asthma.3 Neither the supine posture nor sleep patterns appear to be important, and sleeping itself .
A new subtype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (MVP-5180) from Cameroon

A new subtype (MVP-5180) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was isolated from a Cameroonian AIDS patient. MVP-5180 was grown in several human T-cell lines and the monocytic U937 line. MVP-5180 DNA could not be amplified by nested primer PCR with conventional env primers and could be only very faintly amplified with gag and pol primers. Most German, Ivoirian, and Malawian anti-HIV-1 sera reacted faintly or moderately with Env proteins in an MVP-5180 immunoblot, whereas some Cameroonian sera reacted strongly. Of HIV-1-infected Cameroonians, 8% were identified by serological methods as infected with MVP-5180; 7% were positive when MVP-5180-specific PCR env primers were used. DNA sequence analysis of MVP-5180 showed that its genetic organization was that of HIV-1, with 65% similarity to HIV-1 and 56% similarity to HIV-2 consensus sequences. The env gene of MVP-5180 had similarities to HIV-1 and HIV-2 of 53 and of 49%, respectively. V3 loop analysis identified a crown of Gly-Pro-Met-Arg by using cloned DNA and Gly-Pro-Leu-Arg by using PCR-amplified DNA, neither of which configuration has been described for other HIV strains. In an analysis of relationships, MVP-5180 occupied a position distant to all other HIV-1 strains, including the chimpanzee simian immunodeficiency virus type 1 SIVcpz and the Uganda virus U455, and closer to the HIV-1/HIV-2 divergence node. MVP-5180, together with another Cameroonian isolate, ANT-70, constitutes a group subtype O of the most divergent HIV-1 isolates yet identified. Characterization of MVP-5180 is important for understanding the natural history of the primate immunodeficiency viruses and for the development of vaccines and diagnostics.
Informed consent and routinisation

This article introduces the notion of ‘routinisation’ into discussions of informed consent. It is argued that the routinisation of informed consent poses a threat to the protection of the personal autonomy of a patient through the negotiation of informed consent. On the basis of a large survey, we provide evidence of the routinisation of informed consent in various types of interaction on the internet; among these, the routinisation of consent to the exchange of health related information. We also provide evidence that the extent of the routinisation of informed consent is dependent on the character of the information exchanged, and we uncover a range of causes of routinisation. Finally, the article discusses possible ways of countering the problem of routinisation of informed consent.
Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B as New Activator for Hepatic Lipogenesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1 Gene Expression*

Like hyperglycemia, postprandial (diet-induced) hypertriglyceridemia is thought to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of insulin resistant/metabolic syndrome. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) is a key transcription factor to induce postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. We found that insulin-resistant rats fed a diet high in fructose showed an increased proteintyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) content with strong expression of SREBP-1 mRNA in the liver. To clarify the association of PTP1B with SREBP-1 gene expression, we overexpressed PTP1B in rat hepatocytes, which led to increased mRNA content and promoter activity of SREBP-1a and -1c, resulting in the increased mRNA expression of fatty-acid synthase, one of the SREBP-1-responsive lipogenic genes. Because PTP1B overexpression increased phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, we inhibited PP2A activity by expression of its selective inhibitor, SV40 small t antigen and found that this normalized the PTP1B-enhanced SREBP-1a and -1c mRNA expressions through activation of the Sp1 site. These results indicate that PTP1B may regulate gene expression of SREBP-1 via enhancement of PP2A activity, thus mediating hepatic lipogenesis and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. We demonstrate here a unique serial activation of the PTP1B-PP2A axis as a novel mechanism for the regulation of gene expression in the biosynthesis of triglyceride.
Investigations on on-chip planar inductor design with post-processed magnetic core for DC-DC converter applications

The paper investigated the efficacy of on-chip planar spiral inductors with post-processed magnetic cores for the purpose of on-chip, point-of-load DC-DC regulation. The best core structure feasible with simple IC post-processing steps such as etching/drilling and deposition is an E-shape, composed of vertical cores located in the center and sides of the spiral and a horizontal core on the top. The best inductor geometry per given IC area that can maximize the efficiency of the DC-DC converter in given operating conditions is found via EM simulation and verified with measurements using on-board planar inductors and on-chip inductors implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS. The analysis and measurement found that with the proposed core structure, the inductance can be increased by 2.5× with the core permeability of 10 and 3.5× with 100. Albeit a moderate improvement, it can considerably improve the efficiency of on-chip, point-of-load DC-DC converters.
Research on asteroid autonomous navigation based on feature matching algorithm

Optical navigation technology is widely used in precision guidance for autonomous landing and obstacle avoidance. According to the requirements of the computer vision landing location system on a planetary lander, this paper mainly studies the image feature matching algorithm in the process of autonomous navigation during landing on asteroids. A matching algorithm based on local feature regions was proposed, which takes the invariant moment and mutual information as similarty measures in the two phases of feature matching, and introduces bidirectional matching strategy, to improve matching accuracy. In order to solve the problems of the feature matching for zoom image, this paper put forward an improved SIFT algorithm, the experimental results showed that this method can not only match feature points effectively for zoom image, but also achieve high matching accuracy and is qualified for engineering application.
Sur l'algorithmique combinatoire d'ordres finis

Cet ouvrage propose tout d'abord des algorithmes de resolution de problemes polynomiaux (calcul de la fermeture et de la reduction transitives, reconnaissance) sur les classes d'ordre classiques: ordres gradues, semi-modulaires, treillis distributifs, ce qui permet dans une deuxieme phase d'aborder des problemes plus difficieles (calcul du nombre de sauts, de la dimension, isomorphisme), et de resoudre efficacement ces derniers sur la classe des ordres decomposables en ordres de largeur bornee
THOUGHTS ON NARCOTICS ADDICTION.

M/[EDICAL RESEARCH, like women's clothing, is subject to fashion. Molecular biology at present is in style; a generation ago most investigators were microbe hunters. What comes next? This, I think, can be predicted with fair certainty: molecular biologists will proceed from the study of processes to that of whole organisms and of societies of organisms. The myriad of biochemical events revealed by analysis of living systems must be reassembled, at least conceptually, to bring life back to biology. Functional unity and the purposeful responses of organisms somehow derive from an ensemble of biochemical processes, but how this comes about is quite unknown. We do not even have the beginnings of a theory that can be taken into the biochemical laboratory for experimental test. Yet the question is there, and it is too challenging to be ignored. Many of the best minds of this generation and the next will be occupied with the relation between the biological whole and its biochemical parts. Part of the excitement of studying narcotics addiction is the direct relevance it has to this large problem of the future. Behavior, even the apparently free-willed decisions of man, is powerfully determined by chemical events in the organism. The addict, slave to a chemical, illustrates this dramatically. Presumably other anomalies of behavior-genius and psychosis-have biochemical correlates, but the chemicals involved in these phenomena are well hidden. In the case of narcotics addiction, one component of the biochemical complex lies in our hands. We are given the opportunity to follow this agent into various organs of the body, to see how it modifies various biochemical processes and, finally, to discover what might be called the critical pharmacological event. Somewhere in the body a simple chemical change induced by the narcotic chemical-a depletion of transmitter substances in neurones, for instance, or the release of hormones-changes mood and motivation.
Running head : GALLBLADDER HEALTH AND NUTRITION Weber State University Bachelor of Integrated Studies Program

Brief Summary of the Project: This research paper serves as a reference for the writing of an informational booklet on gallbladder health and nutrition. The purpose of the booklet is to educate and inform regarding: functions of the gallbladder, gallbladder disease, non-surgical options to non-emergency cholecystectomy, nutrition for a healthy gallbladder, and recipes to support the nutritional findings. This booklet will be submitted to Selene River Press Publishing Company for potential publishing and distribution.
Modeling dynamic substate chains among massive states

This paper proposes a novel framework, named HIgh-order Substate Chain (HISC) modeling, to capture the entire system dynamics underlying the transaction time series, where the transaction contains explosive states due to the combinatorics of massively observed inputs. In a practical situation, the objective system consists of multiple subsystems where a state of each subsystem is represented by a subset of the transaction. Thus, a transaction observed from the entire objective system is considered to be a collection of such subsets, and each subset is called a "substate" of the objective system. The basic task of our HISC modeling is to efficiently and simultaneously identify the substates and their transitions embedded in the time series. For application, the methods for system dynamics simulation and substate prediction by using the HISC model have been developed. Its significant performance has been confirmed through the evaluation on synthetic data, the comparisons with some High-order Markov chain models in the state of the art and the application to practical data analysis.