Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF OBESITY AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA: A META-ANALYSIS

Background: Although there is a plethora of studies concerning obesity in Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of a systematic analytical approach of obesity prevalence among children and adolescents. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of obesity among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. The trend of obesity prevalence over the past two decades was additionally investigated. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted involving cross-sectional studies published between 2000 and 2020 in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. Pooled logit-transformed prevalence rates were computed for all studies and for subgroups based on the used diagnostic criteria, period of data collection, and region. Personal and parental sociodemographic risk factors were collected and expressed as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Trend analysis was performed using a chi-squared test for linear trend, and a meta-regression was applied to assess the sources of heterogeneity. Results: Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria (43,187 subjects, 54.3% males). The pooled prevalence of obesity was 14.13%, and it increased significantly in 2016-2020 compared to 2000-2005 (OR=2.58, p<0.0001). Obesity was significantly associated with male sex (OR=1.36, p=0.007), performing a physical activity <3 times/week (OR=1.59, p=0.025), consuming soft drinks ≥2 times/day (OR=1.73, p=0.014), having a working mother (OR=1.20, p=0.036), and living in an urban region (OR=1.44, p=0.033). Between-study heterogeneity was significant, and it was explained by regional variation (F(2,5)=12.519, p=0.028). Conclusion: The high obesity prevalence among young populations in Saudi Arabia underscores the importance of implementing intensified school- and community-based preventive programs, focusing on the established risk factors.
Application of ESI and MALDI-TOF MS for triacylglycerols analysis in edible oils

Triacylglycerols (TAG) are the most important group of compounds present in vegetable oils. These biomolecules, determining the physical, chemical and nutritional properties of the oils, are considered to be good fingerprints for quality and authenticity control. Therefore, TAGs characterization is a very important task in edible oil field, which has been undertaken by different analytical methods. The analysis of vegetable oils is still dominated by classic determinations, which are however laborious and time-consuming and cannot be used routinely. More recently, advances in MS instrumentations coupled with online separation techniques and data processing have contributed to great expansion of MS in oil study, allowing the development of innovative analytical approaches that exhibit higher sensitivity, accuracy and rapidity in vegetable oils investigations. In the present contribution, a review of the most relevant applications of novel mass spectrometric techniques, such as ESI and MALDI, both alone and hyphenated with HPLC, used for analysis of the complex TAGs mixture of edible oils is illustrated.
Anti-hyperglycemic activity of total ethanolic fruit extract of Faidherbia albida on Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice

Faidherbia albida is one of the plants that have been traditionally used throughout the world in the treatment of diabetes. In previous studies, various parts of the plant such as the methanolic root bark, aqueous seed, and the aqueous stem bark extracts have been tested on alloxan-induced diabetic rats for their anti-hyperglycemic activity. In the current study, the antihyperglycemic activity of the total ethanolic extract of Faidherbia albida fruits was evaluated in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using glimepiride as a reference anti-diabetic drug. The total ethanolic fruit extract at 200 mg/kg body weight significantly (p< 0.05) lowered the blood glucose level in diabetic mice by (74%) after 4 hrs of oral administration while the peak hypoglycemic effect of glimepiride (55.2%) occurred at the 4th hr after oral administration. The results provided evidence that Faidherbia albida fruit extract is recommended to be used as a hypoglycemic drug in treating diabetic patients.
Einstein’s Spook

The common tests of the weak equivalence principle not only deal with the acceleration of masses, but include, in principle, the simultaneously occurring emission of a gravitational wave, even when it is far too small to be observable. Einstein’s ‘extension’ of the weak equivalence principle ignores this tiny effect, and thus, corresponds to postulating a instantaneous action at arbitrary distances, and consequently, implies the absence of gravitational waves in the theory of general relativity.
Unveiling the Effects of Foreign Exchange Interventions: Evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic

This paper analyzes determinants and consequences of FX interventions in the Kyrgyz Republic. Most of the literature on the topic focuses on advanced and emerging economies and this paper provides new evidence from a low-income country. We find that FX interventions take place in response to movements in the exchange rate and its volatility. There is also evidence of “leaning against the wind”, which is more pronounced for relatively larger FX sales and purchases. The “leaning against the wind” is asymmetric toward FX sales and largely reflects leaning against depreciation of domestic currency. We document a varying degree of de-facto exchange rate stability despite the de-jure floating exchange rate regime. During most of the sample, the exchange rate management index was relatively low in line with the floating exchange rate regime, with the exception of the period from 2018 Q4 until the COVID-19 shock, during which the exchange rate management index was relatively high.
Gait Disorders in Older Adults - A Structured Review and Approach to Clinical Assessment

s screened for eligibility (n = 76) Titles screened for eligibility (n = 630) Records excluded: n = 554 Records excluded: n = 50 Full-text ar�cles assessed for eligibility (n = 26) Studies selected for inclusion (n = 26) Full-text ar�cles excluded: n = 0 Figure 1: Literature search strategy. ISSN: 2469-5858 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5858/1510101 Nnodim et al. J Geriatr Med Gerontol 2020, 6:101 • Page 3 of 15 • and no mention of instrumentation (instrumented walkways, inertial measurement units, moving platforms, motion capture systems). A total of 76 articles met the criteria and their abstracts were retrieved. The settings and methods were checked for ecological appropriateness with regard to time investment in the ambulatory care environment. Twenty-six articles were found suitable and the present review is based on the information obtained from their perusal.
Biomass recalcitrance: deconstructing the plant cell wall for bioenergy.

1 - Introduction - Michael E. Himmel. 2 - The Biorefinery - Thomas D. Foust, Kelly N. Ibsen, David C. Dayton, J. Richard Hess, Kevin E. Kenney. 3 - Anatomy and Ultra Structure of Maize Cell Walls: An Example Energy Plant - Shi-You Ding and Michael E. Himmel. 4 - Chemistry and Molecular Organization of Plant Cell Walls - Philip J. Harris and Bruce A. Stone. 5 - Cell Wall Synthesis - Debra Mohnen, Maor Bar-Peled, and Chris Somerville. 6 - Structures of Plant Cell Wall Celluloses - Rajai H. Atalla, John W. Brady, James F. Matthews, Shi-You Ding & Michael E. Himmel. 7 - Lignins: A 21st Century Challenge - Laurence B. Davin, Ann M. Patten, Michael Jourdes, and Norman G. Lewis. 8 - Computational Approaches to Study Cellulose Hydrolysis - Michael F. Crowley and Ross C. Walker. 9 - Mechanisms of Xylose and Xylooligomer Degradation During Acid Pretreatment - Xianghong Qian and Mark R. Nimlos. 10 - Enzymatic Depolymerization of Plant Cell Wall Hemicelluloses - Stephen R. Decker, Matti Siika-aho, and Liisa Viikari. 11 - Aerobic Microbial Cellulase Systems - David B. Wilson. 12 - Cellulase Systems Of Anaerobic Micro-Organisms From The Rumen And Large Intestine - Harry J. Flint. 13 - The Cellulosome: A Natural Bacterial Strategy to Combat Biomass Recalcitrance - Edward A. Bayer, Bernard Henrissat, and Raphael Lamed. 14 - Pretreatments for Enhanced Digestibility of Feedstocks - David K. Johnson and Richard T. Elander. 15 - Understanding the Biomass Decay Community - William S. Adney, Daniel van der Lelie, Alison Berry, and Michael E. Himmel. 16 - New Generation Biomass Conversion: Consolidated Bioprocessing - Y. -H. Percival Zhang and Lee R. Lynd
System‐level performance simulation analysis of non‐orthogonal multiple access technology in 5G mobile communication network

As the core technology of mobile communication system, multiple access technology directly determines the performance and capacity of the system. However, with the rapid growth of the number of mobile communication system users and the high rate service demand, these orthogonal multiple access technologies are limited by the spectrum efficiency and access capacity, so it is difficult to meet the future mobile communication demand. Therefore, for the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G), the research of non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology to effectively improve the system capacity has been widely concerned. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of interference and power distribution on system performance simulation based on the simulation results of two most representative NOMA technologies, sparse code division multiple access (SCMA) and NOMA. This paper firstly briefly analyzes the SCMA system model and key technologies and, on this basis, introduces the SCMA system simulation platform, including basic platform parameters and platform simulation flow chart. Furthermore, the influence of adaptive modulation coding on the performance improvement of SCMA system is analyzed by simulation. Then, based on the NOMA system model, this paper carried out the research on fairness among NOMA users. Based on Lagrange multiplier method, this paper simulates fairness under the restriction of power allocation optimization algorithm, the number of users in different area, different radius and different transmission power, the village of village fair index, the change of the frequency spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency curve, the throughput rate between 0.8 and 1.4 changes, and the conclusion that has a guiding significance for NOMA system design.
First report of fatal tick pyaemia caused by heavy infestation with the red sheep tick, Haemaphysalis punctata and co-infection with Babesia and Theileria species

Tick pyaemia is a disease of sheep characterised by the development of internal abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The disease is normally triggered by infestation with Ixodes ricinus and can be exacerbated by co-infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Here the authors report the finding of tick pyaemia in a sheep flock suffering from high mortality caused by severe infestation with the red sheep tick, Haemaphysalis punctata. Tick pyaemia was confirmed by gross identification of internal abscesses in two lambs and isolation of S aureus from these lesions, with concurrent identification of H punctata ticks on the carcases. Additionally, Babesia motasi and Theileria luwenshuni were detected by pan-piroplasm PCR in the blood of infested animals including the two sent for postmortem examination. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was not detected. These findings suggest that infestation with H punctata is capable of inducing tick pyaemia in lambs and that this may be exacerbated by coinfection with piroplasms.
A Comparative Study Determining the Efficacy of Intravenous VersusTopical Tranexamic Acid Administration in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Introduction: Total knee replacements are one of the most common Orthopaedic procedures performed worldwide and the numbers are rising at exponential rates. Blood loss is a significant concern among the population in which it is commonly performed, infrequently necessitating blood transfusion. The use of tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to be efficacious in reducing perioperative bleeding as well as subsequent transfusion rates by multiple meta analyses. But the efficacy and safety of one route of administration over the other are yet to be clearly defined.
Wide applications of Chloroquine other than antimalarial

Chloroquine (CQ) was and still considered as the most common agent in the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, it also possesses many different pharmacological and biological activities that make it able to be used as a therapy or adjuvant therapy for many types of diseases. CQ exhibits anticancer activity alone or as adjuvants with other agents against many kinds of tumors. Its activities also were approved as an anti-inflammatory agent in rheumatoid and other autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus and rheumatic arthritis. Its’ important role in the improvement of many metabolic disorders like hypertension, hyperglycemia, and lipid profile disturbances was also established. CQ can act against different microbial infections such as many types of viruses, bacteria and fungus by different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, its dermatological role in the treatment of many skin diseases was demonstrated. Recently, CQ showed a very responsive role in curing and prevention of the covoid-19 virus. This review summarizes intensively the multiple therapeutic applications of CQ and discusses the possible mechanisms of action for these applications.
Association-dissociation equations, distinct from Michaelis-Menten equation for the quantification of the net flux of reactants with or without immobiliser.

The formation of enzyme-substrate complex, often in connection with the adsorption of the enzyme leading to either partial immobilisation in which the enzymes are adsorbed on a colloid or total immobilisation in which the enzyme is adsorbed on a rigid immobile phase is the concern of some researchers. The interest in immobilised substrate common in biological system is not very common. The objectives of this theoretical research are the rederivation of the equations of association and dissociation of reactants in the presence of adsorbents, insoluble larger macro-or supra-molecule and elucidation of why such equations are important and generalisable. The derivations produced two different equations that describe mathematically the net flux of either the substrate where the enzyme is adsorbed or the net flux of the enzyme where the substrate is adsorbed. The derivation also produced equations of translational velocities, given the probabilities that reactions occur following complex formation or that an escape of bullet molecules or dissociation reactions occur. In conclusion two different equations need separate derivation for association and dissociation of reactants. The needs for the flux of reactants have both biological and industrial relevance, respectively due to importance of time-dependent digestive processes and for the optimisation of the production of desired products of enzymatic action. The equations describing net flux seem generalisable in that information about the physicochemical properties of both crowding agent and immobilisers may not be needed for calculations.
Will Technology Rather Than Vaccination Be the Way to Control Pandemics?

At policy level for the COVID-19 pandemic two main themes emerge, containment of infection (testing, tracing, and isolation) and vaccination. The pandemic has stimulated rapid development of vaccine candidates that are in various phases of clinical trials, some of which are advanced with regulatory approvals expected early in the new year. However, even with vaccination on the horizon there are multiple constraints to overcome before this pandemic will be consigned to history. The enormous task of vaccine production and distribution, possibly involving repeated vaccinations and management of non-compliance within populations are a major challenge for 21 century Global Public Health policy. Multiple “waves” of infection are expected to sweep across the globe in the coming winter months, confounded with seasonal flu and other winter viral infections. Once this pandemic is vanquished how do we prepare more effectively for the next? Emerging infections are becoming more and more frequent with increased human encroachment into animal habitats and increased pandemic preparedness is needed. Communication is critical between governments to develop and adopt synergistic technologies for global prevention and control, to address bottlenecks for essential medicines and equipment and to work together in biosecurity to mitigate risks of emerging infectious diseases, putting in place robust and effective surveillance and control measures. Smartphone technology is becoming ubiquitous and many countries have developed tracing apps to inform a user of potential exposure to an infected person and to support and in some cases enforce self-isolation to prevent viral spread. However, never had there been such high demand for diagnostic
THE IMPACT OF CHILD LABOUR ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN OLORIN EAST, KWASA STATE, NIGERIA.

This study assessed the impact of Child labour on academic achievement of pupils in public primary schools in Ilorin East Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised and were tested with two null hypotheses. Survey research design was adopted. The population for the study was all the eighty-three public primary schools in Ilorin East Local Government. Five schools were selected as sample and forty respondents from classes 5 and 6 from each school were randomly selected for the study, making total of two hundred respondents. The instruments used for data collection was the score in the report card of the students for 2015/2016 academic session. Frequency distribution andpercentages were used to analyze the demographic data obtained from the respondents while a t-test was used to test the null hypotheses generated at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that, there is a significant difference in the academic achievement of children exposed to child labour and those who are not in public primary schools in Ilorin East Local Government, and there is a significant difference in the academic performance of male and female children exposed to child labour in public primary schools in Ilorin East Local Government, Kwara State. The study recommended among others that children exposed to labour should be given equal right to attend school regardless of anyengagement in labour activity. It also recommended that government/parents should develop strategies to reduce or eradicate child labour activities.
α-amylase activity in freeze-dried and spray-dried honey

Honey is a naturally supersaturated sugar solution, which tends to crystallize. The crystallization of honey can lead to unwanted fermentation that can have a negative impact to honey quality. The production of honey powder could be an alternative method to prevent honey from fermentation. Honey powder could be used as alternative substitute to liquid honey that would allow to use this product more widely in the food industry. α-amylase activity is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the quality of honey. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freeze-drying and spray-drying on honey α-amylase activity. Detection of α-amylase activity was carried out by spectrophotometric method. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the content of hydroxymethylfurfural in the powders. The obtained results showed that both drying methods had a negative impact to the enzyme activity in the samples. The lowest activity of α-amylase (8.3 DN) was measured in the spray-dried honey powder. Concentration of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the powders did not exceed required concentration 40 mg kg-1.
Crystal structure of benzanthrone – a redetermination for correct molecular geometry and localization of hydrogen atoms

Abstract C17H10O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.0604(12) Å, b = 14.672(3) Å, c = 14.846(3) Å, V = 1102.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0432, wRref(F2) = 0.1022, T = 200(2) K.
Racial Discrimination Stress, School Belonging, and School Racial Composition on Academic Attitudes and Beliefs among Black Youth

It is important to consider racialized experiences and proximal indicators of academic success for Black youth when understanding the achievement gap. Acknowledging that racial discrimination is detrimental for the academic success of Black youth, this study extended previous research by examining the influence of racial discrimination stress. Using hierarchical regression analysis and a moderated moderation model, this study examined racial discrimination stress and school belonging as predictors of academic attitudes and beliefs among 344 Black youth (M age = 15.6). Additionally, we examined the interactive effects of school belonging as a buffer for racial discrimination stress, with particular focus on majority White schools. Analyses revealed that school belonging was linked with academic competence, academic efficacy, and academic skepticism. Furthermore, school belonging buffered the impact of racial discrimination stress on academic efficacy among Black youth in majority White schools. These findings highlight the co-occurrence of risk and protective factors among Black youth and demonstrate the additive influence of school racial composition on academic attitudes and beliefs. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings demonstrate the crucial role of school context in understanding risk and protective factors for the academic attitudes and beliefs of Black youth.
Modelo de adopción técnológica para el uso de la nube computacional en las pymes del sector exportador de camarón

El estudio de modelos teoricos de aceptacion tecnologica es relevante al momento de evaluar el grado de adopcion de nuevos procesos en la nube computacional. Los cambios tecnologicos se centran en los inconvenientes de aceptacion por parte de las pymes debido a que implican una inversion economica para poder competir en el mercado. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue evaluar la relacion de la adopcion con las variables de estudio las cuales son la ventaja relativa, los competidores, la compatibilidad y el apoyo de alta gerencia estableciendo como marco de referencia el modelo de tecnologia para las pymes del sector exportadore de camaron en el canton Duran. La investigacion posee un estudio descriptivo y correlativo en el canton Duran. La investigacion posee un estudio descriptivo y correlativo que permitio identificar los factores que inciden en la adopcion de la nube computacional. El enfoque de la investigacion es de tipo mixto debido a que los datos cualitativos se obtuvieron de fuentes documentales y revisiones bibliograficas y sus datos cuantitativos de estudios previos y estadisticos. El resultado de la investigacion permitio conocer el estado actual de las pymes del sector exportador de camaron identificando relaciones en las variables apoyo de alta gerencia con el conocimiento de la organizacion y la infraestructura con el ahorro de cosotos.
Human Identification by Measuring Respiration Patterns Using Vital FMCW Radar

This letter proposes a method of human identification that measures respiration patterns using frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. We exploit the fact that respiration signal patterns are unique to each individual, and FMCW radar is employed to obtain the respiration information. Based on the strengths of FMCW radar, the proposed algorithm compensates for the inability to distinguish the respiration signals of multiple users, which are difficult for continuous wave radar to measure. The proposed algorithm also employs a deep neural network algorithm instead of the K-nearest neighbor algorithm that was used in a previous study. The proposed algorithm further improves the performance by using a least mean square filter in the input signal of the DNN. The experimental results show that the proposed human identification method successfully classified four persons.