Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of breast cancer in pre-menopausal women with social perspective

Objective: To investigate general and socio-economic conditions in the development of breast cancer in pre-menopausal women. Methods: Between1 March 2007 to 1. October 2007, we conducted a case-control study, on 52 pre-menopausal women proved to have breast cancer and 80 pre-menopausal women proved to be without breast cancer were considered as controls. The questionnaire included, assessment of socioeconomic factors, life events (stress, social discontinuities and geographical mobility), social context (economic factors, social disintegration, urbanization) and social class. In addition, previous history of surgical operation, parity, history of contraceptive pills usage, and chronic non-communicable diseases and previous X-Rays exposure, were also obtained. Moreover, body mass index and waist to hip ratio were obtained. Results: Regarding Personal Characteristics; positive family history, sedentary life styles, unhealthy dietary behavior, personality type A, and active smoking, all were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of breast cancer. According to Life Events; stress, social discontinuities and geographical mobility, were also found to be related to the development of breast cancer. Regarding Social Context, both economic factor and social disintegration were found to be highly and significantly associated with breast cancer. According to Other Variables, the presence of one or more of chronic non-communicable diseases in addition to previous exposure to diagnostic X-Rays radiation, having a BMI > 25, having a WHR > 1, being in lower social classes and the previous use of oral contraceptive pills were all found to be among the significant risk factors in the development of breast cancer among pre-menopausal women. Conclusion: Pre-menopausal women with positive family history, sedentary life, unhealthy dietary behavior, personality type A, social discontinuities, active smoking, stress, social discontinuities, geographical mobility, social disintegration, sudden change of economic status, chronic diseases, previous X-Rays exposure, obesity, previous history of oral contraceptive pills usage and being from lower social classes are at high risk of developing of breast cancer. This, indicates the very high responsibility of modern doctors to bear social factors on mind in evaluating such diseases and also in health education.
Performance Evaluation of User-Behaviour Techniques of Web Spam Detection Models

Web spam detection is a critical issue in today’s rapidly growing usage of the Internet and the World Wide Web. The upsurge of web spam has significantly deteriorated the Quality of Services (QoS) of the World Wide Web. The degeneration of the quality of search engine results has given rise to researches on the detection of spam pages efficiently and accurately. Existing user-behaviour oriented web spam detection models employed the content-based, link-based and other features of webpages for classification of web spams. These user-behaviour techniques either implemented singly or combined has achieved good detection performance. However, the effectiveness of these features in identifying Web spams correctly needs to be determined. In this study, predictive web spam detection models that employed all related user-behaviour features of webpages were developed and evaluated. The content, link, and obvious-based features datasets were collected from an online repository. Relevant features were extracted using an improved Filter-based method. Six user-behaviour related features extracted from the datasets were used to combine the datasets to generate all possible subset of feature space required, such that 7 new datasets were generated for the study. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) approach was adopted as a classifier for each of the identified features. Python Machine Learning Library was used to simulate the models using percentage splits of 60/40%, 70/30% and 80/20% ratio for training/testing dataset and the performances were evaluated using accuracy, True Positive (TP) rate, False Positive (FP) rate and precision as metrics. The result showed that for the majority of the datasets the formulated models have shown an increase in efficiency after feature selection. The MLP classifier was able to achieve the best result of 66.0% accuracy when the link-based dataset was used with feature selection. The study concluded that link-based features of a user is sufficient and effective for the detection of web spams. Keywords: Webspam, Content-based, Link-based, features, user-behaviour, evaluation DOI : 10.7176/NCS/10-07 Publication date :December 31 st 2019
The Incidence of Current Infection with Different Human Malaria Species by Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Suspicious Malaria Patients on Elimination Region Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Southeast of Iran

Background: Malaria, as a parasitic disease, is one of the most important public health problems in Iran. Malaria is mainly diagnosed by peripheral blood smear, stained by Giemsa; in Iran it is also diagnosed by blood smear that is highly depends on techni-cian ’ s skills and laboratory properties. Objectives: Correct diagnosis of malaria and identiﬁcation of human malaria species in spite of the measures taken to eliminate the disease in Iran, have made the complete understanding of malaria epidemiology critical. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the epidemiology of 2 species of human Plasmodium in Sistan and Baluchistan province using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted on 100 patients suspected to malaria infection who referred to health centers of Chabahar, Iranshahr, Nikshahr, and Sarbaz districts. DNAs were extracted from blood samples using the speciﬁc kit, and nested-PCR reaction was performed to identify the Plasmodium species according to NP-2013 protocol. Results: Molecularanalysiswasperformedon100samplessuspectedof malaria;84negativeand16positivesamplesweredetected including 8 Plasmodium vivax , 2 P. falciparum , and 6 mixed infections ( P. vivax and P. falciparum ). No P. ovale or P. malariae was observed. Conclusions: The results showed that malaria had a decreasing trend in Sistan and Baluchistan province. Therefore, the malaria elimination program is applicable and attainable in this region as a goal. sensitivity to identify Plasmodium spp. in asymptomatic cases and also to dif-ferentiate Plasmodium species than regular PCR; and could identify 1 to 10 parasites in each microliter of a blood sample (12).
Improved model predictive direct power control of grid side converter in weak grid using kalman filter and DSOGI

: When grid side converter (GSC) is connected to weak grid, the small signal instability can happen due to terminal characteristics of the GSC that are incompatible with the grid impedance. This issue is not of wide concern in previous studies of direct power control (DPC) of GSC. By small signal analysis, it is shown that the impedance characteristic of the conventional direct power control GSC is not compatible with the inductive grid impedance in weak grid due to its constant power load behavior. To solve the problem, instead of feeding the DPC controller with direct measured voltage and current, a Kalman filter (KF) is used to obtain filtered output current and a double second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI) is used to obtain filtered voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). These strategies change the impedance characteristic of the GSC dramatically and make it suitable to operate in weak grid where SCR is 2, while the rapid power response is preserved. The proposed strategy is verified through simulation and controller hardware in loop (CHIL) tests.
Recent Developments and Applications of Nanocomposites in Solar Cells: a Review

These days, solar cells have attracted considerable attentions because they are environment-friendly sources of electric power. The present review is focused on composites and materials that are used in the field of solar cells, including Si-based solar cells, thin film solar cells, dye-Sensitized solar cells (DSSC), Quantum dot solar cells (QDSC) and Perovskite solar cells (PSC). TiO2 based nanocomposites, which are widely applicable in the solar cells are also reviewed.
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Computer Vision Syndrome and its Prevention: Review

Nowadays the computer has changed and eased the lives of many people in the workplace. Office work, conducting research, preparation of notes and other computer related works have always involved a range of activities, such as typing, filing, reading, and writing. With the evolution of the computer, all these tasks can now be completed using one device. Desktop, tablets, smart phones and personal computers are some of the visual display units, used for different purposes in institutions, at workplaces and other recreational areas. But apart from their advantage, usage of visual display units have risk of developing computer vision syndrome (CVS) which is one of the emerging public eye health problems in the world. CVS is one of the most important occupational hazard of the 21st century which affects 70 percent of all computer users [1].
Sonographer Scanning Practices and Musculoskeletal Injury: Evaluation of an Occupational Health Issue Using the Health Belief Model

Musculoskeletal injury (MSI) is a multifactorial occupational health problem affecting sonographers. Potential contributing factors to the development of MSI include the repetitive motion involved in the practice of diagnostic medical sonography, the design of the ultrasound equipment and workstations, patient volume, and sonographer work practices. This descriptive feasibility study evaluated the factors influencing sonographers’ use of self-protective scanning practices and was informed by some isolated constructs of the health belief model. Scanning practices, attitudes, and beliefs about MSI were collected in surveys before and after an educational seminar about MSI. The instrument that was developed can now be used for a larger data collection on this topic. Areas that remain to be addressed by the instrument include barriers to the adoption of self-protective scanning practices and the role self-efficacy in MSI prevention.
Performance Evaluation of Curved-TADAS Damper on Seismic Response of Moment Resisting Steel Frame

In this study, the performance of triangular added damping and stiffness (TADAS) dampers combined with curved dampers (Curved-TADAS damper) is evaluated in moment resisting steel frame (MRSF). These dampers are passive and install in the beam-column connection region. Variable parameters of this study involve the width of curved damper (50, 75 and 100 mm), the thickness of TADAS damper (5 and 10 mm) and the number of TADAS damper (2, 4 and 6). Evaluation of MRSF was performed using the finite element method by ABAQUS. Two different experimental studies were used in order to evaluate the validity of the numerical simulation method and a suitable agreement was obtained. The response of the frames in different modes was compared with parameters such as energy dissipation, strength, stiffness, hysteresis damping ratio, and ductility. In the end, the performance of the proposed dampers was compared with the curved damper. The results show that Curved-TADAS dampers reduce the structural responses to seismic loading and prevent structural failure due to the dissipation of a large amount of seismic input energy. The function of these systems is such that, by performing special deformations, they absorb and deplete a large amount of earthquake input energy of the structure.
Self-audits as alternatives to travel-audits for improving data quality in the Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology

Abstract Introduction: Audits play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of observational cohort data. While previous work has validated the audit process, sending trained auditors to sites (“travel-audits”) can be costly. We investigate the efficacy of training sites to conduct “self-audits. ” Methods: In 2017, eight research groups in the Caribbean, Central, and South America network for HIV Epidemiology each audited a subset of their patient records randomly selected by the data coordinating center at Vanderbilt. Designated investigators at each site compared abstracted research data to the original clinical source documents and captured audit findings electronically. Additionally, two Vanderbilt investigators performed on-site travel-audits at three randomly selected sites (one adult and two pediatric) in late summer 2017. Results: Self- and travel-auditors, respectively, reported that 93% and 92% of 8919 data entries, captured across 28 unique clinical variables on 65 patients, were entered correctly. Across all entries, 8409 (94%) received the same assessment from self- and travel-auditors (7988 correct and 421 incorrect). Of 421 entries mutually assessed as “incorrect,” 304 (82%) were corrected by both self- and travel-auditors and 250 of these (72%) received the same corrections. Reason for changing antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, ART end date, viral load value, CD4%, and HIV diagnosis date had the most mismatched corrections. Conclusions: With similar overall error rates, findings suggest that data audits conducted by trained local investigators could provide an alternative to on-site audits by external auditors to ensure continued data quality. However, discrepancies observed between corrections illustrate challenges in determining correct values even with audits.
Diagnostic étiologique de l’infarctus du myocarde à coronaires non-obstructives (MINOCA) : apport de l’imagerie par résonance magnétique de rehaussement tardif haute résolution en respiration libre

Contexte : l’imagerie cardiaque par resonance magnetique (IRM) est l’examen central dans la prise en charge diagnostique etiologique des patients avec un infarctus du myocarde a coronaires non obstructives (MINOCA). Cependant, la principale limite de cette technique demeure la frequence importante des examens non-conclusifs (IRM negative ou douteuse). Objectif: evaluer la performance de l’ajout d’une sequence IRM de rehaussement tardif haute resolution (HR–RT) au protocole standard dans le diagnostic etiologique du MINOCA. Methode: De 2013 a 2016, tous les patients consecutifs ayant recu le diagnostic de MINOCA apres obtention des resultats biologiques, electrocardiographique, echographique (ETT) et coronarographique ont beneficie d’un examen IRM standard (sequences Cine, ponderation T2, perfusion et rehaussement tardif en apnee). La sequence HR-RT en respiration libre etait ajoutee systematiquement en cas d’IRM standard negative ou douteuse et de maniere facultative dans les autres cas. Les diagnostics retenus apres relecture du protocole IRM standard ont ete compares a ceux retenus apres ajout du HR-RT. Resultats : 229 patients ont ete inclus (âge 56±17 ans, 45% de femmes). Un diagnostic de certitude a ete obtenu apres l’IRM standard chez 138(60%) des patients dont 56(24%) infarctus, 57(25%) myocardites, 22(10%) cardiopathies de tako-tsubo et 3(1%) autres diagnostics. Pour les 91(40%) cas restants, le diagnostic n’etait pas conclusif : IRM negative (59 cas, 26%) ou douteuse (32 cas, 14%). Le HR-RT a ete realise chez 172(75%) patients et a conduit a une modification diagnostique chez 45(26%) de ces patients. Apres HR-RT, le taux de diagnostics non-conclusifs etait significativement reduit (29% vs. 50%, p<0.001). La sequence HR-RT etait particulierement utile en cas de negativite de l’ETT, de la ventriculographie ou de l’IRM standard. Conclusion : la sequence HR-RT presente une importante valeur diagnostique ajoutee dans la recherche etiologique precoce des patients avec MINOCA.
Effect of Exercise on Pseudo Dilution Anemia in Healthy Male Subjects.A Comparative Study

Regular exercise is largely done to have maintained body shape and fitness. It exerts influence on almost all physiological and psychological parameters. One of these is dilutional anemia or sports anemia that is the initial adaptation of body to exercise. The aim of present study was to evaluate the extent of dilutional anemia in healthy males who have been exercising for past three years at least. Randomly selected 40 male subjects from gymnasiums of Karachi were recruited in the study. Peripheral blood was collected pre and post exercise, and tested for hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count. Increased hemoglobin concentration was observed which is directly related to increased red blood cell count which is inversely proportional to blood plasma level. So, decreased plasma level is the possible cause that pseudo dilution anemia was not observed in males who have been regularly exercising for past three years.
Generative Modeling with Neural Ordinary Differential Equations

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) (Chen et al., 2018) are ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with their dynamics modeled by neural networks. Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) (Chen et al., 2018; Grathwohl et al., 2018), a class of reversible generative models which builds on NODEs and uses an instantaneous counterpart of the change of variables formula (CVF), have recently proven to achieve state-of-the-art results on density estimation and variational inference tasks. In this thesis, we review key concepts that are important to understand NODEs and CNFs, ranging from numerical ODE solvers to generative models. We derive an explicit formulation of the adjoint sensitivity method for both NODEs and CNFs using a constrained optimization framework. Furthermore, we review several classes of NODEs and prove that a particular class of hypernetwork NODEs is a universal function approximator in the discretized state. Our numerical results suggest that the ODEs arising in CNFs do not need to be solved to high precision for training and we show that training of CNFs can be made more efficient by using a tolerance scheduler that exponentially reduces the ODE solver tolerances. Moreover, we quantify the discrepancy of the CVF and the discretized instantaneous CVF for two ODE solvers. Our hope in writing this thesis is to give a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to generative modeling (with neural ordinary differential equations) and to stimulate both theoretical as well as computational future work on NODEs and CNFs.
Visual Attention Through Uncertainty Minimization in Recurrent Generative Models

Allocating visual attention through saccadic eye movements is a key ability of intelligent agents. Attention is both influenced through bottom-up stimulus properties as well as top-down task demands. The interaction of these two attention mechanisms is not yet fully understood. A parsimonious reconciliation posits that both processes serve the minimization of predictive uncertainty. We propose a recurrent generative neural network model that predicts a visual scene based on foveated glimpses. The model shifts its attention in order to minimize the uncertainty in its predictions. We show that the proposed model produces naturalistic eye movements focusing on informative stimulus regions. Introducing additional tasks modulates the saccade patterns towards task-relevant stimulus regions. The model’s saccade characteristics correspond well with previous experimental data in humans, providing evidence that uncertainty minimization could be a fundamental mechanisms for the allocation of visual attention.
The Existence and Approximation Fixed Point Theorems for Monotone Nonspreading Mappings in Ordered Banach Spaces

In this paper, we proved some existence theorems of fixed points for monotone nonspreading mappings \(T\) in a Banach space \(E\) with the partial order \(\leq\). In order to finding a fixed point of such a mapping \(T\), moreover we proved the convergence theorem of Mann iterative schemes under the condition \(\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty\beta_n(1-\beta_n)=\infty\), which contain \(\beta_n=\frac1{n+1}\) as a special case.
Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Trauma Patients in a Private Tertiary Care Hospital

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in trauma patients receiving inpatient care at Bangkok Hospital Headquarters (BHQ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study in adult trauma patients (age ≥ 15 years) admitted at BHQ from 2016 to 2018. The collected data were diagnosis of VTE, gender, age, ethnicity, VTE risk score, Injury Severity Score (ISS), the onset of VTE, and patient care modalities including operative or non-operative management, need for intensive care and need for ventilator support. RESULT: A total of 2,548 trauma patients were admitted at BHQ from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Thirty-one patients developed VTE (1.22%), 29 cases had deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and 2 cases had DVT with pulmonary embolism (PE). There were twenty-one male patients and ten female patients in the VTE group. Fifteen patients in the VTE group were older than 65 years (48%). The prevalence of VTE was 0.54% in Thai patients, and 2.43% in non-Thai patients. Twenty-nine patients in the VTE group had high VTE risk. Four patients had diagnosis of VTE prior to admission at BHQ and 13 cases had been diagnosed within 48 hours of admission. The patients with higher severity of injury (higher ISS) had higher risk for VTE (p < 0.001). Twenty-four cases in the VTE group needed surgical management. Seventeen cases required intensive care and 7 cases needed ventilator support, not related to the presence of PE. Six patients developed VTE despite prevention. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of VTE in adult trauma patients in BHQ is 1.22%. A significant association between VTE and the severity of injury suggests that we should pay attention to this specific groups of patients for early VTE prophylaxis and detection.