Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Lower Eyelid Malposition after Facial Fracture Repair: A Retrospective Study and Meta-Analysis Comparing Subtarsal, Subciliary, and Transconjunctival Incisions

Background: Many incisional techniques have been described for access to the craniofacial skeleton for traumatic fracture repair, including subciliary, subtarsal, and transconjunctival approaches. Each is associated with a distinct set of complications. The goal of the authors' study was to examine lower lid malposition associated with these incisional approaches at the authors' institution and in the literature. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all operative orbital and/or zygomatic fractures at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from 1998 to 2008 was performed. The surgical approach and postoperative lower eyelid complications were noted. A literature review was performed of all peer-reviewed studies in the English language examining the incidence of complications of lower eyelid incisions in operative facial trauma. Results: A total of 180 cases were treated with a lower eyelid incision; these were identified as subtarsal (41 percent), subciliary (31 percent), and transconjunctival (25 percent). The risk of ectropion was highest in subciliary incisions (12.5 percent, p = 0.018); however, only two cases required operative management. Entropion was found in two cases after transconjunctival incisions; both required operative management. Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 2086 patients. The risk of ectropion was highest in subciliary incisions (14 percent), the risk of entropion was highest in transconjunctival incisions (1.5 percent), and the risk of hypertrophic scarring was highest in subtarsal incisions (3.4 percent). A majority of these complications resolved with conservative management. Conclusions: Lower eyelid complications can be seen with all three incisional approaches to facial fracture repair. Based on their findings, the authors favor the subtarsal approach for zygomaticomaxillary fractures and the transconjunctival incision for isolated orbital floor fractures.
The Evolving Role of the Nurse in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The underlying pathology can be both inflammatory and degenerative. It affects over 400,000 Americans per year and usually strikes in the prime of life. The disease can result in serious and debilitating impairment of physical, emotional, and cognitive functions that limit patients' overall status, halt their hopes and dreams, and alter their quality of life. To slow disease progression, administration of disease-modifying treatments early in the course of disease is thought to offer the best option for patients to achieve safe and effective management of this lifelong condition. This strategy, along with symptomatic management, encompasses the newest philosophy of comprehensive MS care. From an evidence-based understanding of MS, the role of the MS nurse has been transformed from a supportive, educative role to that of a highly skilled, knowledgeable and specialized professional. The nurse is a lynchpin in a multidisciplinary team dedicated to a patient's continuing care. In addition, the role of the MS nurse has evolved to incorporate supervising MS clinical trials, monitoring patients, implementing protocols, evaluating outcomes, and ultimately contributing to evidence-based practice. Although it is important that patients receive the appropriate therapy that may slow disease progression and manage symptoms, the individualized support provided by the MS nurse is essential to the sustained use of long-term treatments. Industry-supported nurse-administered patient assistance support programs, such as the Betaseron Education, Training and Assistance Nurse/BETAPLUSTM, MS Lifelines, Shared Solutions, and Avonex Services, employ nurses who offer valuable emotional, educational, and technical support to MS patients, ensuring that their needs are met throughout the course of therapy. These MS nurse specialist programs impart knowledge about self-administration of injections and facilitate self-management to reduce adverse events and promote sustained adherence. Regular contact with patients, a consistent level of care, a trusting relationship, and a greater understanding of prescribed treatment have resulted in increased adherence to complex protocols. As the specialty of MS nursing continues to evolve within the MS healthcare team, the MS nurse will continue to have a profound influence on treatment and improving quality of life in patients with MS.
Commentary by Pomeroy

The authors of the study “Physical Activity Counseling for Older Women” tested the effectiveness of a behavioral counseling intervention to increase moderate-intensity physical activity, muscle strengthening, and stretching activity. The behavioral counseling sessions were designed using the five As (assess, advise, agree, assist, and arrange) adopted by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) as an organizing construct to facilitate behavioral counseling in clinical care (Whitlock, Orleans, Pender, & Allan, 2002). The health promotion model (Pender, Murdaugh, & Parsons, 2002) and social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986) provided the theoretical framework for the intervention. The authors should be commended for testing the effects of an evidencebased approach to brief physical activity counseling for older women that can be implemented in clinical settings. The first step in the five As assessment, is not only key to designing effective physical activity interventions for older women, but it is also the key to choosing the most accurate, reliable, and valid instruments to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. Direct observation, subjective self-reports, and portable monitors, such as accelerometers, are the current methods available to researchers to measure physical activity in older adults (Troiano, 2005). The Rockport One Mile Fitness Walking Test (RFWT), a submaximal field test, was used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. VO2max, a measure of maximal oxygen uptake, and the gold standard of aerobic capacity or conditioning, was estimated using a recommended multivariate equation (American College of Sports Medicine [ACSM], 2006). Women in both groups had a baseline estimated VO2max less than the 20th percentile, which is associated with an increased all-cause mortality risk (ACSM, 2006). The intervention group improved to the 30th percentile after 12 weeks, whereas the comparison group was essentially unchanged. Only the women in the intervention group (five behavioral counseling sessions) had a significant Time × Group interaction for estimated cardiorespiratory fitness at the end of the intervention period. Both groups, however, were still below average for VO2max for this population after 12 weeks (ACSM, 2006). Several factors may affect the validity of estimating VO2max. These include variability in participants’ heart rate, measurement error (if a heart Western Journal of Nursing Research Volume 28 Number 7 November 2006 802-805 © 2006 Sage Publications 10.1177/0193945906289496 http://wjn.sagepub. com hosted at http://online.sagepub. com
A primary healthcare clinic in a needle syringe program may contribute to HIV prevention by early detection of incident HIV in an injecting drug user

A composite score with a maximum total of 33 was calculated for each application. The scoring system weighted each domain as follows: coverage (10 points), accuracy (8 points), applicability (6 points), user-friendliness (6 points) and accountability (3 points). The final composite score for each application was converted to a percentage with applications scored as good (≥70%), fair (50-69%) or poor (≤49%). Of the 403 applications located, 92 met inclusion criteria for downloading, but 35 did not meet the inclusion criteria on closer examination and three had technical problems. Overall, eight applications were rated as good. They were five “calorie and physical activity counters” and three “BMI or weight trackers”. Thirty-two of the applications were rated as fair and 14 were rated as poor. The applications that were rated as good had better coverage and accuracy scores compared to those rated as fair or poor. Less than a third of all applications had complete accuracy. All applications scored well for user-friendliness, but scored poorly for author’s accountability. The USDA Nutrient Database of Foods was used in all applications and energy intake was tracked with “calories” instead of “kilojoules”, the measure used in Australia. As many manufactured and takeaway foods consumed in the US differ to those commonly eaten in Australia the applicability for Australians is limited. Thus, while the majority of applications did not score well, those rated as good may be a useful adjunct treatment to health professionals’ advice to assist their patients’ weight loss efforts. The assessment tool devised to rate the applications may be useful for future use with new applications and some customisation of the good applications, such as the use of Australian food databases, is indicated.
Feature selection methods involving support vector machines for prediction of insolvency in non-life insurance companies

We propose two novel approaches for feature selection and ranking tasks based on simulated annealing (SA) and Walsh analysis, which use a support vector machine as an underlying classifier. These approaches are inspired by one of the key problems in the insurance sector: predicting the insolvency of a non-life insurance company. This prediction is based on accounting ratios, which measure the health of the companies. The approaches proposed provide a set of ratios (the SA approach) and a ranking of the ratios (the Walsh analysis ranking) that would allow a decision about the financial state of each company studied. The proposed feature selection methods are applied to the prediction the insolvency of several Spanish non-life insurance companies, yielding state-of-the-art results in the tests performed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation function of MMP-1 downregulated by siRNA on migration of heat-denatured dermal fibroblasts

ABSTRACT Cutaneous wound healing is a complex physiological process that requires the efforts of various cell types and signaling pathways and often results in thickened collagen-enriched healed tissue called a scar. Therefore, the identification of the mechanism of cutaneous wound healing is necessary and has great value in providing better treatment. Here, we demonstrated that MMP-1 inhibition could promote cell proliferation in dermal fibroblasts via the MTT assay. Meanwhile, we investigated cell migration by flow cytometry and tested type I collagenase activity. We found that MMP-1 inhibition promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell migration and type I collagenase activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that MMP-1 might be a potential therapeutic target in cutaneous wound healing.
From protein interaction networks to novel therapeutic strategies

Cellular mechanisms that sustain health or contribute to disease emerge mostly from the complex interplay among various molecular entities. To understand the underlying relationships between genotype, environment and phenotype, one has to consider the intricate and nonsequential interaction patterns formed between the different sets of cellular players. Biological networks capture a variety of molecular interactions and thus provide an excellent opportunity to consider physiological characteristics of individual molecules within their cellular context. In particular, the concept of network biology and its applications contributed largely to recent advances in biomedical research. In this review, we show (i) how biological networks, i.e., protein–protein interaction networks, facilitate the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms that trigger the onset and progression of diseases and (ii) how this knowledge can be translated into effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In particular, we focus on the impact of network pharmacological concepts that go beyond the classical view on individual drugs and targets aiming for combinational therapies with improved clinical efficacy and reduced safety risks. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 2012
A Case with Sleep Related Eating Disorder

A Case with Sleep Related Eating Disorder Jae-Wook Cho, Ki-Young Jung Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Department of Neurology, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine Sleep-related eating disorders (SRED) comprise a spectrum of parasomnia and eating disorders, in which nocturnal arousals from sleep are followed by rapid and compulsory. Here we report a patient who showed unexpected and bizarre eating behavior with somnambulistic mental state during polysomnography.
Clinically relevant diabetes knowledge and experience amongst final year medical students

In order to determine the level of clinically relevant knowledge and practical experience in the field of diabetes at the time of graduation from medical school we conducted a survey amongst 310 final year medical students (135 women, 175 men; age 27.6±2.8 years; number of semesters completed 12.4±1.7) at 21 university hospitals and academic teaching hospitals in Germany. The standardized questionnaire used for the study contained nine questions on the students' general characteristics and education and a further 28 questions concerning manual experience and theoretical knowledge about diabetes. The questions were based on the level of knowledge reached by diabetic patients participating in one of the structured training programs for type I and type II diabetes established in Germany. 81% of the students expressed dissatisfaction with the diabetes teaching they had so far received. Shortly before graduating from medical school 14% of the students had never performed a rapid blood glucose test using a test strip, 45% had never injected insulin and 68% had had no experience with the insulin pen. Individual questions revealed marked gaps in clinically relevant knowledge, particularly as regards diet and practical aspects of diabetes therapy. Students with manual experience achieved better results in the areas acute diabetic complications and practical diabetes therapy compared with students without manual experience (p<0.05). The results of the survey underline the need to improve the undergraduate teaching of diabetes by adopting a more patient-based and clinically oriented approach. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming Growth Factor β1 and Recruitment of Macrophages and Mast Cells in Airways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic airways inflammation is one of the features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We demonstrated previously that bronchiolar epithelium in COPD contains increased numbers of macrophages and mast cells. Transforming growth factor b 1 (TGF- b 1 ) may be involved in this influx because it has chemotactic activity for macrophages and mast cells. In this study, we examined expression patterns of TGF- b 1 , TGF- b receptors type I and II (TGF- b RI and TGF- b RII) by immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization in peripheral lung tissue of 14 current or ex-smokers with COPD (FEV 1 , 75%) and 14 without COPD (FEV 1 . 84%). In both groups, TGF- b 1 and its receptors are present in airway and alveolar epithelial cells, airway and vascular smooth muscle cells, and tissue and alveolar CD68 1 cells (considered herein to be macrophages). In subjects with COPD, a semiquantitative analysis revealed approximately twofold higher levels of TGF- b 1 mRNA and protein in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium (p , 0.02) as compared with subjects without COPD. With regard to bronchiolar epithelial cells, we found a significant correlation between TGF- b 1 mRNA and protein expression (r 5 0.62; p , 0.002), and between the FEV 1 of all subjects together and TGF- b 1 protein (r 5 2 0.60; p , 0.0002) and mRNA (r 5 2 0.67; p , 0.002) levels. The epithelial expression of TGF- b 1 mRNA and TGF- b 1 protein correlates with the number of intraepithelial macrophages (both: r 5 0.44; p , 0.03) whereas intraepithelial mast cell numbers correlate with epithelial TGF- b 1 mRNA expression. These data suggest a role for TGF- b 1 in recruiting macrophages into the airway epithelium in COPD. de Boer WI, van Schadewijk A, Sont JK, Sharma HS, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS, van Krieken JHJM. Transforming growth factor b 1 and recruitment of macrophages and mast cells in airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AM J RESPIR CRIT CARE MED 1998;158:1951‐1957.
NAC transcription factor gene regulatory and protein–protein interaction networks in plant stress responses and senescence

Plant‐specific NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors (TFs) have recently received considerable attention due to their significant roles in plant development and stress signaling. Here, we summarize progress in understanding NAC TFs in stress responses and senescence. We focus on interactions between the DNA‐binding NAC domain and target genes, and between the large, mostly disordered transcription regulatory domain of NAC TFs and protein interaction partners. Recent studies have identified both up‐stream regulators of NAC genes and down‐stream NAC target genes, outlining regulatory networks associated with NAC–protein interactions. This connects molecular interactions and signal pathway intersections with biological functions with promising use in agriculture. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(3):156–166, 2014
Clinical tests of noninvasive optoacoustic cerebral venous oxygenation monitoring system

Monitoring of cerebral venous oxygenation is critically important for management of patients with traumatic brain injury and cardiac surgery patients. At present, there is no technique for noninvasive, accurate monitoring of this important physiologic parameter. We built a compact optoacoustic system for noninvasive, accurate cerebral venous oxygenation monitoring using a novel optoacoustic probe and algorithm that allow for direct probing of sagittal sinus blood with minimal signal contamination from other tissues. We tested the system in large animal and clinical studies and identified wavelengths for accurate measurement of cerebral blood oxygenation. The studies demonstrated that the system may be used for noninvasive, continuous, and accurate monitoring of cerebral venous blood oxygenation.
Sinusite fúngica alérgica: atualização

Allergic fungal sinusitis is a well recognized form of fungal sinusitis first described 20 years ago. This entity hasn't a well defined diagnostic criteria and many questions rise about its true fisiopathology and treatment. The authors have performed a MEDLINE and LILACS search, comprising the last 20 years, in order to review the most moderns concepts about this new clinical entity. Allergic fungal sinusitis has been considered an important cause of chronic rhinosinusitis and a good relation envolving otolaryngologists, immunologists and pathologists is essential for its correct management.
Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in WHIM syndrome immunodeficiency

ABSTRACT Introduction: WHIM syndrome is a rare combined primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in the chemokine receptor CXCR4. It is the only Mendelian condition known to be caused by mutation of a chemokine or chemokine receptor. As such, it provides a scientific opportunity to understand chemokine-dependent immunoregulation in humans and a medical opportunity to develop mechanism-based treatment and cure strategies. Areas covered: This review covers the clinical features, genetics, immunopathogenesis and clinical management of WHIM syndrome. Clinical trials of targeted therapeutic agents and potential cure strategies are also included. Expert opinion: WHIM syndrome may be particularly amenable to mechanism-based therapeutics for three reasons: 1) CXCR4 has been validated as the molecular target in the disease by Mendelian genetics; 2) the biochemical abnormality is excessive CXCR4 signaling; and 3) antagonists selective for CXCR4 have been developed. Plerixafor is FDA-approved for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization and has shown preliminary safety and efficacy in phase I clinical trials in WHIM syndrome. Gene editing may represent a viable cure strategy, since chromothriptic deletion of the disease allele in HSCs resulted in clinical cure of a patient and because CXCR4 haploinsufficiency enhances engraftment of transplanted HSCs in mice.
Paradoxical CD4+ T-Cell Decline in HIV-Infected Patients With Complete Virus Suppression Taking Tenofovir and Didanosine

Purpose of the Study. Tenofovir and didanosine are adenosine analogs commonly used in highly active antiretroviral therapy combinations. Although virologically effective, this combination is theoretically associated with pharmacokinetic interactions and increased risks of pancreatitis and hyperglycemia. The study examined the CD4+ T-cell effects of the use of these 2 drugs as part of a highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. Methods. Data from 570 individuals were analyzed retrospectively according to the nucleoside analog “backbone” of protease inhibitor–containing regimens: tenofovir + didanosine in 298 subjects, didanosine in 88, tenofovir in 44, and neither didanosine nor tenofovir in 140. Results. Significant CD4+ T-cell declines were noted in patients taking the combination of tenofovir + didanosine relative to all other nucleoside analog combinations including didanosine or tenofovir only. Patients exposed to higher didanosine doses showed a more pronounced CD4+ T-cell decline, and plasma levels of didanosine correlated with the extent of T-cell loss. Conclusions. Although patients receiving tenofovir + didanosine–based combinations generally achieved excellent viral suppression, their CD4+ T cells often paradoxically declined. This effect generally progressed over time. It is hypothesized that the use of these 2 agents together results in a condition that metabolically resembles purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, a rare but well-described primary immunodeficiency syndrome. Reviewer Comments. Tenofovir and didanosine frequently are the only nucleoside analog agents available to patients with drug-resistant virus. This combination with either a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or a protease inhibitor is often effective in suppressing virus in patients with limited options. However, the paradoxical decline in T-cell numbers is of great concern. Patients on this regimen must be monitored carefully for this potential complication.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and endothelial dysfunction

Prolonged perturbation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) and contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic disorders. This review focuses on the role of ER stress and UPR in endothelial cells and the relevance of these processes to vascular diseases. Chronic activation of ER stress and UPR pathways in endothelial cells leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammation and often results in cell death. Because endothelial cells play a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis, various pathological conditions interfering with this homeostasis including homocysteinemia, hyperlipidemia, high glucose, insulin resistance, disturbed blood flow, and oxidative stress can lead to endothelial dysfunction in part through the activation of ER stress. We discuss recently discovered aspects of the role of ER stress/UPR in those pathological conditions. We also summarize recent findings implicating ER stress and UPR in systemic hypertension as well as pulmonary arterial hypertension. Finally, this review will highlight a novel role of UPR mediators in the process of angiogenesis. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(8):530–537, 2014