Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A prospective study on cardiac changes (electrocardiographic, enzymatic and echocardiographic) in birth asphyxiated neonates admitted in tertiary care centre

Background: Reduced myocardial performance and cardiac output following perinatal asphyxia may significantly complicate perinatal management and may contribute to increased end-organ damage and mortality. Hence the present study was done with the aim to assess the usefulness of echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and cardiac enzymes in evaluating myocardial damage in perinatal asphyxia neonates and to assess their correlation with different stages of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and outcome.Methods: The study was conducted in the NICU, Department of Pediatrics, Government Chengalpattu Medical college hospital between August 2017 and August 2018 using 70 birth asphyxiated term babies. The asphyxiated babies were resuscitated as per NRP guidelines and were stratified into HIE stages as per Levene system of classification and were managed as per clinical condition. ECG grading, echo changes were noted. Creatinine kinase-MB (CKMB) levels were measured and documented after 12 hours of life among these babies and were analysed.Results: Of 70 cases, 36 (51.4%) had mild, 26 (37.1%) moderate and 8 (11.4%) severe HIE. Abnormal ECG was observed in 63 cases. Raised CKMB levels were found in 67 (95.7%) and abnormal echo findings were noted in 46 (65.7%) babies. ECG, echo changes and CKMB levels showed increasing abnormalities with increasing severity of HIE (p=0.000, 0.030 and 0.001 respectively). 8 babies in present study expired.Conclusions: Cardiac abnormalities among asphyxiated neonates requires high index of suspicion. ECG abnormalities, echo changes, elevated CK-MB levels in babies with HIE can help us identify neonates at risk of complications and guide in timely intervention that can prevent mortality of these babies and help us achieve better neurological outcome in these babies.
Role of Early Experience in Mixed‐colony Odor Recognition in the Ants Manica rubida and Formica selysi

An experimental model of mixed societies of ants was used to test the effect of early conditioning to a mixed colony odor on interspecific recognition after various periods of separation, with Manica rubida (Myrmicinae) and Formica selysi (Formicinae). Recognition was evaluated by recording the behaviour of individuals interacting after they had been grouped in mixed societies. The observed frequency and nature of these interactions depended on the way the societies were made up (whether with the same or different species, and with or without previous exposure to that species). The recognition displayed by the workers was much more altered in interspecific than in intraspecific groupings, which is evidence of the existence of some species recognition. In addition, the adult is capable of recognizing the olfactory characteristics of its group, the group odor would be a mixture of individual odors.
Antenna system for multi-band satellite communications

Multi-band satellite communications antennas have applications in the commercial, defense, and civilian federal marketplace. All defence agencies have requirements for transportable multi-band systems. There are many civilian federal organizations requiring multi-band capabilities, and the commercial market uses C- and Ku-band systems, with future requirements for Ka-band coverage. The latest Intelsat satellites carry both C- and Ku-band transponders, therefore, many of the world's earth stations are, or will be, operating in both bands. The use of an antenna permitting operation of the earth terminal in all three bands without requiring the replacement of the feed is a highly desirable capability. This paper describes the design, development, and testing of an antenna system that permits operation in the three main frequency bands, (C, X, and Ku), including simultaneous operation in multiple bands. This antenna system operates in all three bands without the need to replace any components. The paper also discusses the possibilities of extending the frequency coverage of the antenna system into the Ka-band. The multi-band antenna system can increase the capabilities and operational flexibility of existing earth stations as well as new systems.
The relationship between leadership and gregariousness in mixed‐species bird flocks

Among the various species that form mixed-species bird flocks, ‘‘nuclear species’’ are thought to be important in flock formation and maintaining flock cohesion. Such nuclear species have been noted to occur in large groups on their own and to lead flocks, but the relationship between leadership and intraspecific group size has not been quantitatively tested at a large scale. Using a dataset of descriptive studies of terrestrial flock systems collected over 75 y, we found that intraspecific group size was significantly larger in flock leaders than in species that attend the same flocks but do not lead. The relationship held in a reduced dataset with phylogenetically-independent flock systems. We discuss a framework for explaining the connection between leadership and intraspecific group size, contrasting between those hypotheses that emphasize that gregariousness serves to attract the attention of other species, and those hypotheses that suggest that gregariousness leads to kin-selected behavior from which other species can also benefit.
Sheesha Smoking Habits in Young Pakistani Female Students

Sheesha smoking habit is found to be most prevalent in the 16-25 years age group with 70% sheesha smokers being male and 30% females. Alarming consequence is that either the customers or the people who serve it put addictive substances into it. The present study aims to assess the growing habits of sheesha smoking in Pakistani female students. Questionnaire was distributed among the girl students. Female students from different colleges/universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were included in the study. Statistics show that students offer each other the option to smoke sheesha, i.e., 51.6%. In this study's setting, 61.1% started sheesha smoking during their college life, and is considered fashionable by 68.1% and 54.9% are not aware of its harmful effects. Not much difference was seen between the parents about the awareness of their children sheesha smoking habit, i.e., 48.9% and 50.5%. 35.2% thought of it as losing weight tool and 22% to relieve depression. A large majority agreed that government should check this habit (78%). Government should get more actively involved against sheesha bars and to check for the banned substances. Study needs to be expanded to smaller cities.
The World Wants Mangoes and Kangaroos: A Study of New Emoji Requests Based on Thirty Million Tweets

As emojis become prevalent in personal communications, people are always looking for new, interesting emojis to express emotions, show attitudes, or simply visualize texts. In this study, we collected more than thirty million tweets mentioning the word “emoji” in a one-year period to study emoji requests on Twitter. First, we filtered out bot-generated tweets and extracted emoji requests from the raw tweets using a comprehensive list of linguistic patterns. Then, we examined patterns of new emoji requests by exploring their time, locations, and context. Finally, we summarized users' advocacy behaviors and identified expressions of equity, diversity, and fairness issues due to unreleased but expected emojis, and concluded the significance of new emojis on society. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to conduct a systematic, large-scale study on new emoji requests.
Some Fresh-water Larval Trematodes from Cheshire

The larval trematodes described in this paper were obtained from fresh-water molluscs collected from Rostherne Mere and a pond near Ashley, both in Cheshire. Rostherne Mere is a large sheet of water and carries an extensive fauna, vertebrate and invertebrate. The molluscs were collected from various fixed positions in the littoral region, and this method has confirmed previous observations (unpublished) in other stretches of fresh-water on the variation in the distribution and localisation of infected molluscs. How far this may be related to movements of the final host or to physical factors affecting the migration of the molluscs is at present uncertain; further observations are being made in an attempt to elucidate this problem. The molluscs were isolated in the laboratory in 3 × 1 glass specimen tubes, when the infected specimens were easily seen by the swarming of the cercariae, and all observations (including measurements) were made on these living, fully developed cercariae. Infected snails were later crushed in physiologically normal saline in order to obtain living sporocysts or rediae for examination. Measurements are, of necessity, only approximate owing to the slight pressure exerted by the weight of the cover-glass and the great powers of contraction and extension of these larval forms. Neutral red was used as an intra vitam stain; it also inhibits movement. Of the five species described four are new, the fifth, for which a further stage in the life history is described, being little known and not previously recorded for this country.
STARCH SYNTHESIS IN MAIZE ENDOSPERMS

Research over the past three decades has greatly increased our understanding of starch biosynthesis in storage tissues, but our knowledge is still incomplete. Advances and areas of uncertainty are discussed with a focus on the maize mutants that have been useful in elucidating the process. This emphasis on mutant genes promises additional insights when we discover the role of several mutants known to affect starch synthesis and when we isolate mutations in genes encoding enzymes that have important roles in the process. The goal is a complete understanding of starch synthesis. This understanding will also facilitate the design of transgenic plants that might produce unique starches with promise as raw materials for industrial processes.
An Assessment on the Clinical Performance of Non-carious Cervical Restorations

Introduction: Cervical restorations were known as the least durable type of restoration. Therefore, it is important for clinician to identify the contributing factors that may lead to failure of the restorations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical performance in terms of type of restorative materials and the influence of clinical handling technique of non-carious cervical restorations. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out to patients with restorations on non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia dental clinic. The clinical performance of the restorations was evaluated using the ratings of the United States Public Health Service criteria and analyzed using the Pearson Chi-square. Results: A total of 121 restorations from 34 patients were evaluated by one investigator. Between three restorative materials used which are glass ionomer cements (GIC), RC, and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC), criteria of marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, and anatomic form were not significantly different (P = 0.179, P = 0.134, and P = 0.235, respectively; P < 0.05). In terms of retention and secondary caries, GIC showed statistically significant difference (P = 0.021). The restorations that were evaluated as clinically acceptable showed no significant difference between restorations with and without cavity preparation. Conclusion: Different restorative materials used will affect the longevity of the restorations, but different clinical handling technique does not affect the clinical performances of NCCLs restorations. In this study, the clinical performance of GIC was superior to RC and RMGIC in terms of retention and occurrence of secondary caries but similar in marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, and anatomic form.
Low serum α‐tocopherol and selenium are associated with accelerated apoptosis in severe sepsis

During sepsis, a severe systemic disorder, micronutrients often are decreased. Apoptosis is regarded as an important mechanism in the development of often significant immunosuppression in the course of the disease. This study aimed to investigate a‐tocopherol and selenium in reference to apoptosis in patients with sepsis. 16 patients were enrolled as soon as they fulfilled the criteria of severe sepsis. 10 intensive care patients without sepsis and 11 healthy volunteers served as controls. a‐Tocopherol, selenium and nucleosomes were measured in serum. Phosphatidylserine externalization and Bcl‐2 expression were analyzed in T‐cells by flow cytometry. Serum α‐tocopherol and selenium were decreased in severe sepsis but not in non‐septic critically ill patients (p < 0.05). Conversely, markers of apoptosis were increased in sepsis but not in critically ill control patients: Nucleosomes were found to be elevated 3 fold in serum (p < 0.05) and phosphatidylserine was externalized on an expanded subpopulation of T‐cells (p < 0.05) while Bcl‐2 was expressed at lower levels (p < 0.05). The decrease of micronutrients correlated with markers of accelerated apoptosis. Accelerated apoptosis in sepsis is associated with low α‐tocopherol and selenium. The results support the investigation of micronutrient supplementation strategies in severe sepsis.
Growth and survival of dorado Salminus brasiliensis (Pisces, Characidae) post-larvae cultivated with different types of food and photoperiods

The effect of food and photoperiod on dorado (Salminus brasiliensis) post-larvae growth and survival was investigated using the following treatments: LD (Light: Dark) 24:0 + Artemia nauplii (A), LD 24:0 + fish prey (F), LD 14:10 + A, LD 14:10 + F, LD 0:24 +A and LD 0:24 + F. Prochilodus lineatus larvae were used as fish prey. Higher survival rates were registered in fish prey treatments (P<0.05) and were not influenced by photoperiod whereas in Artemia treatments, the survival was very low, but directly proportional to light increase (P<0.05). The better growth in LD 0:24 was related to a safe-energy strategy that reduced energy consumption whereas in LD 24:0, the higher energy consumption reduced the growth. In intermediate photoperiod, the post-larvae did not define a strategy to capture preys, using alternatively the static safe-energy and the swimming consuming energy, which caused higher heterogeneity in growth.
Twitter Sentiment Analysis on 2013 Curriculum Using Ensemble Features and K-Nearest Neighbor

2013 curriculum is a new curriculum in the Indonesian education system which has been enacted by the government to replace KTSP curriculum. The implementation of this curriculum in the last few years has sparked various opinions among students, teachers, and public in general, especially on social media twitter. In this study, a sentimental analysis on 2013 curriculum is conducted. Ensemble of several feature sets were used twitter specific features, textual features, Parts of Speech (POS) features, lexicon based features, and Bag of Words (BOW) features for the sentiment classification using K-Nearest Neighbor method. The experiment result showed that the the ensemble features have the best performance of sentiment classification compared to only using individual features. The best accuracy using ensemble features is 96% when k=5 is used.
Are Iberian endemics Iberian?. A case-study using water beetles of family Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)

The phylogenetic relationships and the geographical origin of 27 of the 34 species and of 3 of the 9 subspecies of Iberian endemic Dytiscidae are studied, based on species level phylogenies constructed with two mitochondrial gene fragments (16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase I). All Iberian endemic species for which more than one specimen was included were monophyletic with the exception of the complex Deronectes aubei sanfilippoi Fery & Brancucci, 1997-D. delarouzei (Jac. Du Val, 1857). The genus Stictotarsus as presently defined is polyphyletic, containing three different lineages: the S. duodecimpustulatus group —including the Iberian endemic S. bertrandi (Legros, 1956)—, Trichonectes otini (Guignot, 1941) (new combination) and the S. griseostriatus and S. roffii groups, which are in need of a new generic name. The genus Oreodytes is found to be paraphyletic, although with low bootstrap support. The species Nebrioporus (Nebrioporus) martinii (Fairmaire, 1858) (new combination) is transferred from the subgenus Zimmermannius to Nebrioporus. The Iberian populations of Stictotarsus griseostriatus (De Geer, 1774) and the endemic subspecies Oreodytes davisii rhianae Carr, 2001, O. sanmarkii alienus (Sharp, 1872) and Hydroporus normandi normandi Regimbart, 1903 do not form well characterised lineages, as measured with the mitochondrial markers used in this study. The Iberian endemic species of Dytiscidae are divided in three groups according to the type of vicariant origin: 1) within-Iberian species, when the sister species (or clade) of the Iberian endemic is also and Iberian endemic; 2) Iberian/European, when the sister occurs in Europe north of the Pyrenees; and 3) Iberian/North African, when the sister occurs in North Africa. Within-Iberian endemics are found to be on average older than Iberian/European and Iberian/North African species, they have more restricted distributions within the Iberian peninsula (they occur typically in only one of the main biogeographical regions), and tend to occur exclusively in running waters. The withinIberian species are best represented by the “Iberian” clade of the genus Deronectes, formed by six endemic species plus two species with wider distributions. Most species in this group originated in rapid succession in the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene boundary by repeated vicariant events in the three main mountain massifs in the Iberian peninsula: the Pyrenees, the Baetic ranges, and the Sistema Central plus mountain massifs of the NW. On the contrary, most of the Iberian/European species seem to be the recent (Pleistocene) vicariants of a species with a widespread distribution encompassing the Iberian peninsula, at present restricted to south and west of the Ebro valley. The results of these analyses suggest that the Iberian peninsula was an isolated refuge during the Quaternary glaciations, in where allopatric speciation was frequent among some lineages of Dytiscidae diving beetles.
Feedback Capacity and Coding for the $(0,k)$ -RLL Input-Constrained BEC

The input-constrained binary erasure channel (BEC) with strictly causal feedback is studied. The channel input sequence must satisfy the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(0,k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-runlength limited (RLL) constraint, i.e., no more than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> consecutive ‘0’s are allowed. The feedback capacity of this channel is derived for all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k\geq 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and is given by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C^{\mathrm {fb}}_{(0,k)}(\varepsilon ) = \max \frac {\overline {\varepsilon }H_{2}(\delta _{0})+\sum _{i=1}^{k-1}\left ({\overline {\varepsilon }^{i+1}H_{2}(\delta _{i})\prod _{m=0}^{i-1}\delta _{m}}\right )}{1+\sum _{i=0}^{k-1}\left ({\overline {\varepsilon }^{i+1} \prod _{m=0}^{i}\delta _{m}}\right )}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the erasure probability, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\overline {\varepsilon }=1-\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}(\cdot )$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the binary entropy function. The maximization is only over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{k-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while the parameters <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i\leq k-2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are straightforward functions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{k-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The lower bound is obtained by constructing a simple coding for all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k\geq 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It is shown that the feedback capacity can be achieved using zero-error, variable length coding. For the converse, an upper bound on the non-causal setting, where the erasure is available to the encoder just prior to the transmission, is derived. This upper bound coincides with the lower bound and concludes the search for both the feedback capacity and the non-causal capacity. As a result, non-causal knowledge of the erasures at the encoder does not increase the feedback capacity for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(0,k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-RLL input-constrained BEC. This property does not hold in general: the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2,\infty )$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-RLL input-constrained BEC, where every ‘1’ is followed by at least two ‘0’s, is used to show that the feedback capacity can be strictly smaller than the non-causal capacity.
Space Use and Social Structure of Long-Tailed Singing Mice (Scotinomys xerampelinus)

Abstract Scotinomys xerampelinus, the long-tailed singing mouse, is diurnal and insectivorous, and exhibits a complex and unique calling behavior that is audible to humans. Little is known about the social structure of this species. We used livetrapping and radiotracking to investigate the spatial organization of a wild Panamanian population of long-tailed singing mice. We observed exclusive space use among females but not among males. For both males and females, individual home ranges (85% minimum convex polygons) typically overlapped with >1 animal of the opposite sex. No significant differences in body mass, hind-foot length, or home-range size (area) were found between males and females. Most individuals in the population nested alone. Patterns of space use and sexual dimorphism are frequently used to infer species' mating systems. Our results, in particular the tendency for individual home ranges to overlap with multiple potential reproductive partners, are most consistent with a promiscuous mating system.
Phytochemical Composition and Chronic Hypoglycemic Effect of Bromelia karatas on STZ-NA-Induced Diabetic Rats

Oral administration of an aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Bromelia karatas to STZ-NA rats showed a significant hypoglycemic effect in a chronic trial lasting 42 days. Chromatographic profiles of the active extract (WE) and an organic extract (OE) of B. karatas were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and used to identify their major components. Isolation and identification of the compounds present in the extracts were accomplished by means of various conventional chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. This process led to the identification of β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and ρ-coumaric acid (3) as the major compounds present in the extracts. During the isolation of 1 and 3, seven additional metabolites not previously reported for the plant were obtained, namely, cirsiliol 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), stigmasterol (4), β-sitosterol (5), 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-ρ-coumaroylglycerol (6), β-D-(1-O-acetyl-3,6-O-trans-diferuloyl) fructofuranosyl-α-D-2′,4′,6′-O-triacetylglucopyranoside (7), 1-O-p-coumaroyl-3-O-caffeoylglycerol (8), and 2-propyl-β-glucopyranoside (9).