Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Query Complexity of Bayesian Private Learning

We study the query complexity of Bayesian Private Learning: a learner wishes to locate a random target within an interval by submitting queries, in the presence of an adversary who observes all of her queries but not the responses. How many queries are necessary and sufficient in order for the learner to accurately estimate the target, while simultaneously concealing the target from the adversary? Our main result is a query complexity lower bound that is tight up to the first order. We show that if the learner wants to estimate the target within an error of $\epsilon$, while ensuring that no adversary estimator can achieve a constant additive error with probability greater than $1/L$, then the query complexity is on the order of $L\log(1/\epsilon)$ as $\epsilon \to 0$. Our result demonstrates that increased privacy, as captured by $L$, comes at the expense of a \emph{multiplicative} increase in query complexity. The proof builds on Fano's inequality and properties of certain proportional-sampling estimators.
On singlet metastable states, ion flux and ion energy in single and dual frequency capacitively coupled oxygen discharges

We apply particle-in-cell simulations with Monte Carlo collisions to study the influence of the singlet metastable states on the ion energy distribution in single and dual frequency capacitively coupled oxygen discharges. For this purpose, the one-dimensional object-oriented particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision code oopd1 is used, in which the discharge model includes the following nine species: electrons, the neutrals O(3P) and O2(X3Σg−), the negative ions O−, the positive ions O+ and O2+, and the metastables O(1D), O2(a1Δg) and O2(b1Σg+). Earlier, we have explored the effects of adding the species O2(a1Δg) and O2(b1Σg+), and an energy-dependent secondary electron emission yield for oxygen ions and neutrals, to the discharge model. We found that including the two molecular singlet metastable states decreases the ohmic heating and the effective electron temperature in the bulk region (the electronegative core). Here we explore how these metastable states influence dual frequency discharges consisting of a fundamental frequency and the lowest even harmonics. Including or excluding the detachment reactions of the metastables O2(a1Δg) and O2(b1Σg+) can shift the peak electron temperature from the grounded to the powered electrode or vice versa, depending on the phase difference of the two applied frequencies. These metastable states can furthermore significantly influence the peak of the ion energy distribution for O2+-ions bombarding the powered electrode, and hence the average ion energy upon bombardment of the electrode, and lower the ion flux.
Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Networking for Parallel Loading of Access Points and Mirrored Servers (APMS)

— This paper processes a new cross-layer framework design for Parallel Download (PD). This technique has been called as Parallel Loading of Access Points and Mirrored Server (APMS). The performance objective of APMS is to minimize the download time at a client. This minimization is determined by two factors: (i) the ability to efficiently use the available bandwidth and (ii) the ability to coordinate the volume downloaded from each server such that all downloads terminate at the same time. We have shown here our APMS is also able to solve the problem of Mirrored Server (MS) and Parallel Loading of Access Points (PLAP).
A Model of Welfare Competition with Evidence from AFDC

In this paper, we test empirically for strategic behaviour among the states using the cash support program Aid to Families with Dependant Children (AFDC). To motivate the empirical work, we adept Wildasin´s [41] model of income redistribution to a model of "interjurisdictional welfare competition. " Although welfare competition may be generated from different frameworks, we choose Wildasin´s model to illustrate how welfare benefit interdependence is generated in the context of welfare migration. We estimate a "representative reaction function" for AFDC using both cross-sections and pooled cross-sections data. After controlling for other determinants of AFDC benefit levels and for spatial error autocorrelation, we find evidence showing competition.
A Novel Framework to Alleviate Dissemination of XSS Worms in Online Social Network (OSN) using View Segregation

In this paper, we propose a client-server based framework that alleviates the dissemination of XSS worms from the OSN. The framework initially creates the views corresponding to retrieved request on the server-side. Such views indicate that which part of the generated web page on the server can be accessed by user depending on the generated Access Control List (ACL). Secondly, JavaScript attack vectors are retrieved from the HTTP response by referring the blacklist repository of attack vectors. Finally, injection of sanitization primitives will be done on the client-side in place of extracted JavaScript attack vectors. The framework will perform the sanitization on such attack vectors strictly in a context-aware manner. The experimental testing of our framework has performed on the two platforms of open source OSN-based web applications. The observed detection rate of JavaScript attack vectors was effective and acceptable as compared to other existing XSS defensive methodologies. The proposed framework has optimized the method of auto-context-aware sanitization in contrast to other existing approaches and hence incurs a low and acceptable performance overhead.
ASSOCIATION OF MTHFR (C677T) AND ACE (I/D) POLYMOR-PHISMS WITH HYPERTENSION AND RESPONSE TO TREAT-MENT AMONG EGYPTIAN PATIENTS

Hypertension, a well-known epidemic health disease, is risk factor for various cardiovascular, peripheral vascular and renal diseases. Renin angiotensin system (RAS) being the most important pathogenic mechanism of hypertension is mediated by a key component; the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Moreover, Mutations in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) have been established to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as hypertension. This case-control study was conducted out to investigate the potential relationship of ACE (I/D) and MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphisms with hypertension susceptibility and the responsive ability of antihypertensive drugs in Egyptian hypertensive patients. Thirty six patients suffering of high blood pressure were compared with age and sex matching 14 control cases. MTHFR (C677T) and ACE (I/D) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The demographic and clinical features of patients and control showed no particular significance (p > 0.05) except for the consanguinity and the obesity. For MTHFR polymorphism frequency, total hypertensive cases showed significantly higher frequency rate for the mutant allele 677T compared to controls with a lower frequency of the wild type 677CC genotype. Whereas the mutant 677TC+TT genotypes were not significantly associated with the hypertension risk when compared to the wild genotype among the case group. For ACE gene polymorphism, also showed only higher frequency rates of DD allele. Interestingly, ACE DD genotype showed significant association with blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. Finally in response of the antihypertensive drugs, we found that, the best responsive group is DD genotype group when treated with the ACE inhibitors. These result suggested that the MTHFR polymorphism was not associated with hypertension while the ACE DD genotype may be associated with essential hypertension and considered as a potent risk factor for hypertension and moreover it is the best responsive group when treated with ACE inhibitors in Egyptian patients.
Evaluating the JULES Land Surface Model Energy Fluxes Using FLUXNET Data

Surface energy flux measurements from a sample of 10 flux network (FLUXNET) sites selected to represent a range of climate conditions and biome types were used to assess the performance of the Hadley Centre land surface model (Joint U.K. Land Environment Simulator; JULES). Because FLUXNET data are prone systematically to undermeasure surface fluxes, the model was evaluated by its ability to partition incoming radiant energy into evaporation and how such partition varies with atmospheric evaporative demand at annual, seasonal, weekly, and diurnal time scales. The model parameters from the GCM configuration were used. The overall performance was good, although weaknesses in model performance were identified that are associated with the specification of the leaf area index and plant rooting depth, and the representation of soil freezing.
Bacterial nano cellulose as non active pharmaceutical ingredient Advances and perspectives

Nano Cellulose is commonly produced by the top down enzymatic mechanical and or chemical treatments In contrast Bacterial Nano Cellulose BNC can be obtained by a bottom up approach where is biosynthesized from glucose using the direct action of specific bacterial strains BNC impart attractive combinations of biologic and physicochemical characteristics such as biocompatibility biodegradability light weight sustainability and improved mechanical properties The trend towards environmental sustainability and development of renewable resources has significantly increased interest A critical aspect in BNC production is to identify a low cost culture medium that can improve the yield of BNC and can be used as an economically viable solution for application in a range of fields There is an immense perspective of BNC in health care as well as drug applications Potential uses include barrier films antimicrobial films pharmaceuticals and drug delivery systems Even though BNC has been demonstrated as nongenotoxic and noncytotoxic further studies are required to completely address such issue Key aspects for future development include the design of BNC for specific user requirements the reduction of production costs and the customization functionalization using post production steps and different types of compounding processing
Assessing cognitive development in early childhood

Programs designed to improve health, nutritional, or cognitive status of preschool children promise to take young children at risk and potentially change their lives. But intervention programs inevitably vary in quality and impact. Investment of huge amounts of time, effort, and resources do not guarantee that such programs will produce the outcomes that are intended, particularly with regard to cognitive development. For this reason, program developers or those who fund them recognize the need to evaluate the health, nutritional, and psychological impact of such programs. This review deals only with cognitive impact. Its purpose is to summarize the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of psycholgical tests and other assessment instruments used to evaluate the cognitive functioning of infants, toddlers, and preschool children. This report is divided into three parts. The first part summarizes general principles of early childhood assessment. The second part describes the major domains in which the various assessment tools can be compared, evaluated, and selected. Finally, the third part presents brief descriptions and evaluations of selected instruments.
Fabrication of titanium dioxide thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition method for dye-sensitized solar cell

Nanostructured Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films with the area of 0.25cm2 were successfully fabricated on Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate on glass for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application using spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) method. The performance of each sample depend on the surface morphology, structure and thickness of the samples. The TiO2 thin film was fabricated using P25 TiO2 nanopowder which is a combination of anatase and rutile structure, to have different thickness ranging from 5 μm to 20 μm by varying the TiO2 colloidal solution of 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml and 20 ml to find the optimum thickness for DSSC application. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis on the samples showed that the 5 ml sample with thickness of 2.379 μm is too thin that the FTO structure underneath is visible. The sample with the highest efficiency of 1.677 % and 2.633 mA/cm2 Jsc is yielded by 10 ml sample. Further optimization for the annealing temperature is done by varying the annealing temperature from 300 oC to 500 oC at fixed annealing time of 3 hours. Optimized annealing temperature is 500 oC with 3.42 % efficiency and 5.359 mA/cm2 Jsc. The annealing time was also varied to from 1 hour to 24 hours. The structural analysis of the samples showed that the rutile structure increased as the annealing time increased. The optimum annealing time is proven to be 3 hours with 4.034 % efficiency and 5.937 mA/cm2 Jsc. TiO2 samples fabricated by using pure anatase structure were also analyzed and compared to the samples fabricated using P25. The annealing temperature for the pure anatase samples was varied from 300 oC to 500 oC. The efficiency of the P25 is slightly higher than pure anatase TiO2 which has the highest efficiency of 3.249 % annealed at 500 oC. The optimum TiO2 is the one fabricated with the P25 TiO2 powder annealed at 500 oC for 3 hours with the ruthenium based N719 dye as sensitizers.
Measurement and Analysis of the Direct Connect Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Network

Online social networks and peer-to-peer file sharing networks create a digital mirror of human society, providing insights in social dynamics such as interaction between entities, structural patterns and flow of information. In the past such studies were inherently limited due to the vast supply of information. Today these phenomena can be studied at large scale using computers to process data from this digital mirror. Findings from such networks have shown interesting structural properties shared by both types of systems. In particular, it is often the case that they show to be scale-free and small-world networks. By letting ideas and findings from studied peer-to-peer networks guide the design of novel architectures, improvements on user integrity, usability and performance have been observed. This thesis presents a study of the Direct Connect peer-to-peer file sharing network. We model abstract tools and methods for measuring the network architecture, and, moreover, custom software tools for data gathering and analysis from Direct Connect networks are developed, presented and discussed. We look at network topology and properties, statistics on user activities and geographic distribution, characterization/statistics on data shared and correlations of users and their shared data. We verify the scale-free property, small-world network model, strong data redundancy with clusters of common interest in the set of shared content, high degree of asymmetry of connections and more. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings and comparison with results from similar research is done.
In Search of Prediction Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorders:An Impossible Task?

Clinical work and prediction of development are closely linked in the practice of early detection, diagnosis and choice of modes of intervention in young children with autism. Variables are often defined in terms of risk factors or of development, and may refer to general or specific phenomena. The purpose of this paper was, using a generalized mixed model, to test ways of measuring development and its prediction regarding joint attention (that is to say, response to and initiation of joint attention) in children with autism. Over a period of one year, seventy-seven children were followed from the age of four and a half years upwards. The results show that it is possible to identify general risk factors, but much more difficult to pinpoint specific factors. In our current state of knowledge, prediction can only be of a global nature and therefore requires the use of general markers.
Chapter 2 Recent Progress in Ribosome Structure Studies

A high-resolution structure of the eukaryotic ribosome has been determined, leading to increased interest in studying protein biosynthesis and its regulation in the cell. New functional complexes of the full ribosome crystals obtained from the bacteria Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have permitted the identification of precise residue positions in different states of the ribosome function. This knowledge, together with electron microscopy studies, has improved the understanding of how basic ribosome processes, including mRNA decoding, peptide bond formation, mRNA and tRNA translocation, and co-translational transport andmodifications of the nascent peptide are regulated.
Multiphoton microscopy for imaging infectious keratitis: demonstration of the pattern of microbial spread in an experimental model

The purpose of this study is to assess the application of multiphoton fluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy for imaging and monitoring the disease progress of infectious keratitis in an experimental model, and to investigate the possible correlation of tissue architecture with spreading patterns of pathogens in an experimental model. Porcine eyes are to be obtained from slaughter house and processed and placed in organ culture system. Fungal infections by common pathogens of infectious keratitis are to be induced in porcine cornea buttons. Multiphoton fluorescence and SHG microscopy will be used for imaging and for monitoring the progression and extension of tissue destruction and possibly the pattern of pathogen spreading. We found that SHG imaging is useful in identifying alterations to collagen architecture while autofluorescence microscopy can be used to visualize the fungi and cells within the stroma. In summary, multiphoton fluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy can non-invasively demonstrate and monitor tissue destruction associated with infectious keratitis. The pattern of pathogen spreading and its correlation with the tissue architecture can also be shown, which can be useful for future studies of the tissue-microbial interactions for infectious keratitis.
USING CASE-BASED REASONING FOR PREDICTING ENERGY USAGE

In this study, the inability to in a future meet the electricity demand and the urge to change the consumption behavior considered. In a smart grid context there are several possible ways to do this. Means include ways to increase the consumer’s awareness, add energy storages or build smarter homes which can control the appliances. To be able to implement these, indications on how the future consumption will be could be useful. Therefore we look further into how a framework for short-term consumption predictions can be created using electricity consumption data in relation to external factors. To do this a literature study is made to see what kind of methods that are relevant and which qualities is interesting to look at in order to choose a good prediction method. Case Based Reasoning seemed to be able to be suitable method. This method was examined further and built using relational databases. After this the method was tested and evaluated using datasets and evaluation methods CV, MBE and MAPE, which have previously been used in the domain of consumption prediction. The result was compared to the results of the winning methods in the ASHRAE competition. The CBR method was expected to perform better than what it did, and still not as good as the winning methods from the ASHRAE competition. The result showed that the CBR method can be used as a predictor and has potential to make good energy consumption predictions. and there is room for improvement in future studies.
Assessment of HusbandsÃ¢ÂÂ Participation on Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness in Enderta Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2012

Background: Male involvement in reproductive health has been promoted as a promising new strategy for improving maternal and child health. The promotion of husband participation in the process of antenatal care and in preparations for the delivery is very important. Objective: To assess husband participation on birth preparedness and complication readiness in Enderta Woreda, Tigray region, Ethiopia, 2012. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 husbands whose wives was delivered within the last 12 months preceding the study in Enderta Woreda northern part of Ethiopia from August to September 2012. Multi stage stratified sampling technique with Probabilities proportional to size was used. Study subjects again were selected by systematic random sampling technique from 10 randomly selected kebelle’s in the Woreda. Data was collected using structured interview questionnaire and entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPPS version 16.0 statically package software. Result: The study revealed that about 60.4% husbands had good practice and participated on birth preparedness. And regarding the husbands complication readiness practice in the labor and delivery, 193 (51.30%) of the respondents were reported that their wives were delivered by skilled birth attendant and the role of those husbands, 174(46.30%) were told their wife to get skilled birth attendant, 152(42.00%) were informed to health facility for their place of childbirth, 99(26.30%) were accompanied their wife to labor room, and 59 (15.70%) had gave money for health services and transportation. In addition, 75(19.90%) of all respondents perceived the actual complications faced for their wives during that delivery. The respondents major source of information about birth preparedness and complication readiness where, 43.6% heard from health care providers, 23% from Radio/television, and 21.3% discussion with different peoples. Conclusion and recommendation: Husbands have good practice in birth preparedness, but poor participation in complication readiness of maternity care. The community should be informed husbands to participate in complication readiness, generate income for the normal maternal health care and considering complications in pregnancy, labor and after labor, education for the female youth and promotion of facility birth, health education about husbands’ birth preparedness of wife and other studies to be conducted on the husband involvement in maternal health care service.
Borda efficiency of constant scoring rules with large electorates

— The study examines the Borda efficiency of constant scoring rulesfor large électorales, The condition of impartial culture is assumed, It is shown that the Borda efficiency of the rule requiring individuals to vote for k candidates is identical to the Borda efficiency of the vote againsî k candidates rule. The most Borda efficient constant scoring rule is shown to he the rule requiring inâividuals to vote for half of the candidates on the ballot.