Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one: synthesis, and X-ray and DFT-calculated structures.

The title compound, C(15)H(11)N(3)O, (I), was obtained by the air oxidation of 3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one. In the crystal structure, (I) forms centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers through pairs of N-H.N hydrogen bonds. The molecular structure of (I) deviates somewhat from planarity in the crystalline state, whereas a density functional theory (DFT) study predicts a completely planar conformation (C(s) point-group symmetry) for the isolated molecule. The solid-state conformation of (I) is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, viz. one C-H.O interaction, which forms a six-membered ring, and three C-H.N interactions that each form five-membered rings. To estimate the influence of the intramolecular hydrogen-bonded rings on the aromaticity of the phenyl rings, the HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity) descriptor of π-electron delocalization has been calculated for conformations of (I) with and without intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In the planar conformation of (I), the HOMA values for both benzene rings are lower than in hypothetical conformations without intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
Association between pulmonary fibrosis and osteoporosis in the elderly people

AbstractIn this case–control study, we evaluated the association between osteoporosis and pulmonary fibrosis in the elderly. Participants were divided into a test group and a control group depending on bone mineral density and grid pattern changes of pulmonary fibrosis. We measured general conditions, related risk factors, serum biochemical index, grid pattern changes of double lungs, pulmonary function, arterial oxygen pressure (PO2), and bone mineral density of participates, and investigated the data through statistical analysis on SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Significant differences were observed between groups in all collected indices except PO4. The ratio of pulmonary function disorder was higher in the test group versus the control group (12.0% vs 4.3%). Logistic regression shows that pulmonary fibrosis is a risk factor of osteoporosis, independent of age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, alkaline phosphatase, glycosylated hemoglobin, Ca, PO4, tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, vitamin D total, ventilation disorder, diffusive dysfunction, and hypoxemia. Senile osteoporosis is closely associated with pulmonary fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, smoking, sexuality, age, and body mass index. Pulmonary fibrosis modestly affects the incidence of osteoporosis and thus is a more promising predictor of osteoporosis.
Androgens Induce Relaxation of Contractile Activity in Pregnant Human Myometrium at Term: A Nongenomic Action on L-Type Calcium Channels1

Abstract It has long been accepted that progesterone regulates uterine contractile activity. However, little is known about the role of androgens in female physiology, and their importance and biological function on myometrial contractility so far have received limited attention. In this work, we examined the direct effect of androgens on the contractile activity of the isolated human myometrium. Myometrial biopsies were obtained, with consent, from pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section at term. Each androgen tested (dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, 5α- and 5β-dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, or androstanediol) caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous contractile activity; a relaxing effect of these androgens was also observed on the contractions induced by high potassium (KCl) solution. Interestingly, nonpregnant myometrium was also sensitive to androgen-induced relaxation. 5β-Dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT) was dramatically more potent than the other androgens in inducing myometrial relaxation in all preparations. Relaxation response to androgens had very rapid time courses and was affected by neither the specific antiandrogen (flutamide) nor inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide) and transcription (actinomycin D), implying that androgens act through a nongenomic mechanism. Importantly, 5β-DHT significantly reduced the increase in intracellular calcium concentration associated with exposure to KCl in human myometrial smooth-muscle cells loaded with Fura-2-AM. The blockade of l-type calcium channels seems to be involved in the nongenomic relaxing action of androgens. These observations demonstrate that androgens may play a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy.
Dynamic Syntax: The Flow of Language Understanding

1.Towards a Syntactic Model of Interpretation. Natural Language as a Formal Language? Underspecification in Language Processing. The Representational Theory of Mind. Pronominal Anaphora: Semantic Problems. The Problem of Multiple Ambiguity. The Problem of Uniqueness. The Problem of Indirect Reference. Quantification. Syntactic Processes of Anaphora. The Anaphora Solution ---- Towards a Representational Account. 2. The General Framework. A Preliminary Sketch. The Data Structures of the Parsing Model. Atomic Formulae. Tree Modalities. Basic Tree Structures. Partial Tree Structures. Requirements. Descriptions of Tree Structures. 3. The Dynamics of Tree Building. The Parsing Process -- A Sketch. A Basic Example. A Left--Dislocation Example. Verb--final Languages and the Grammar--parser Problem. The Parsing Process Defined. Computational Rules. Lexical Transitions. Pragmatic Actions and Lexical Constraints. Summary. 4. Linked Tree Structures. Relative Clauses ---- Preliminaries. The LINK Relation. The Data Reviewed. The Analysis ---- A Sketch for English. Defining Linked Tree Structures. Relativisers Annotating Unfixed Nodes. Relatives: Towards a Dynamic Typology. Relativisers Projecting a Requirement. Variation in Locality. Topic Structures and Relatives. Variation in Order ---- Head--Final Relatives. Head--internal Relatives. The Potential for Lexical Variation. Genitive Constructions as LINK Structures. Summary. 5. Wh Questions: A General Perspective. Introduction. The Semantic Diversity of wh Questions. Scopal Properties of wh Expressions. Wh--initial vs wh--in--situ Structures. Wh--in--situ Structures. Wh--in--situ from a Dynamic Perspective. Expletive wh Structures. Partial Movement. Partial Movement as a Reflex of a Requirement. Wh Expressions and Scope Effects. 6. Crossover Phenomena. Crossover ---- The Problem. Crossover ---- The Dynamic Account. Crossover in Relatives. Crossover Phenomena in Questions. Summary. 7. Quantification Preliminaries. Introduction. Scope Effects and Indefinites. Quantification. Quantified NPs. Scope. Term Reconstructions. Applications ---- E--type Anaphora. 8. Reflections on Language Design. The Overall Perspective. Underspecification and the Formal Language Metaphor. English is not a Formal Language. Wellformedness and Availability of Interpretations. Universals and Language Variation. On Knowledge of Language. 9. Appendix: The Formal Framework. Introduction. Declarative Structure. Feature Decorated Tree Construction. Goal--directedness. The Structure of Goal--directed Pointed Partial Tree Models. Tree Descriptions. Procedural Structure. Actions over Goal--directed Partial Tree Models. Natural Languages. Axioms. Finite Binary trees. Partial Trees. Requirements. Actions. Partial Order. Logical Forms. Computational Rules. Update Actions. Pragmatic Actions. General Index. Symbol Index.
The voice DISC-IV with incarcerated male youths: prevalence of disorder.

OBJECTIVES (1) To accurately assess rate of psychiatric disorder in incarcerated juveniles, and (2) to examine the feasibility of using a self-administered, comprehensive structured psychiatric assessment with those youths. METHOD In 1999-2000, 292 recently admitted males in secure placement with New Jersey and Illinois juvenile justice authorities provided self-assessments by means of the Voice Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV, a comprehensive, computerized diagnostic instrument that presents questions via headphones. RESULTS Assessments were well tolerated by youths, staff, and parents; 92% of approached youths agreed. Rates of disorder were comparable to prior diagnostic assessment studies with interviewers. Beyond expectable high rates of disruptive and substance use disorders, youths reported high levels of anxiety and mood disorders, with over 3% reporting a past-month suicide attempt. Youths with substance use disorder were significantly more likely to be incarcerated for substance offenses than were youths with no disorder or those with other, non-substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS Although the study identified rates of disorder generally comparable to those of prior investigations, some differences, understandable in the context of measurement variations, are apparent. Those variations offer recommendations for mental health assessment practices for youths in the justice system that would include using a comprehensive self-report instrument, pooling across parent and youth informants for certain disorders, focusing on current disorder, and flexibility regarding consideration of impairment.
Optimal Smoothing for Pathwise Adjoints

We propose an optimal smoothing parametrization for gradient estimators of expectations of discontinuous functions. The reparametrization trick with discontinuous functions gives gradient estimators for discrete random variables [5, 8, 13] and makes smoothing applicable in the machine learning context (e.g. variational inference and stochastic neural networks [11, 1, 12, 6]). Our approach is based on an objective that can be solved simultaneously with a primal optimization task. Optimal smoothing is general purpose in the sense that it only requires an extension of the algorithmic differentiation tool without the need to rearrange the model.
Managing Conflict in Workplace: A Case Study in the UAE Organizations

The UAE has the largest migration rate in the world; its major workforce originates from numerous countries, including India, Pakistan, the Philippines, Australia, and the United States of America. While this workforce diversity contributes varied backgrounds and languages to the workplace, diversity can also present major challenges for management. Workforce diversity, tension, and conflict can result in the creation of invisible barriers, a lack in communication or coordination, and a lack of recognition of positive employee behavior. Yet, while organizations may suffer from internal conflict, the tension that accompanies diversity can also result in positive outcomes, like an increased competitive spirit, enhanced productivity, and gains in creativity of employees. This chapter focuses on assessing the benefits and liabilities of workforce diversity as manifest in the unique demographic context of the UAE. Qualitative methods employing interviews were used to investigate research questions about diversity. Interviews with 41 respondents were collected from 32 officials working in the UAE companies. The authors supplemented these interviews with quantitative methods, employing a questionnaire of 213 employees in selected local organizations. The research concludes that conflict, rather than positive outcomes, arises when workforce diversity leads to a combination of the following: a difference of opinion, a lack of coordination and communication, and a lack of properly defined responsibilities.
Assessment of bone marrow histology in Hodgkin's disease: correlation with clinical factors

Bone marrow biopsies of 491 untreated and 170 treated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were investigated. Marrow involvement was found in 10% and 25% respectively. Positive biopsies were rare in clinical stages I and II (1% and 2%), but the incidence rose to 25% and 45% in stages III and IV. HD patients with nodular sclerosis in lymph node histology had a low incidence of bone marrow involvement (4%), while those with lymphocytic depletion had a high incidence (22%). Of nine clinical and six histological parameters tested, bone marrow involvement proved to be the most significant predictive factor indicating an unfavourable course. Moreover, classification of the bone marrow manifestations according to the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, proved to be simple, reproducible and prognostically significant. Normal haematopoietic tissue was found in only 20% of the negative biopsies of untreated patients. The remaining 80% were characterized by a variety of non‐specific reactions. These included marrow hypoplasia and leukaemoid and exudative reactions each of which indicated a poor prognosis; and epithelioid‐cell granulomas and lymphoid nodules which predicted favourable survival curves. Adequate bone marrow biopsy is a valuable part of the investigation of patients with HD, as both positive and negative biopsies provide information of prognostic significance.
Europe PMC in 2017

Abstract Europe PMC (https://europepmc.org) is a comprehensive resource of biomedical research publications that offers advanced tools for search, retrieval, and interaction with the scientific literature. This article outlines new developments since 2014. In addition to delivering the core database and services, Europe PMC focuses on three areas of development: individual user services, data integration, and infrastructure to support text and data mining. Europe PMC now provides user accounts to save search queries and claim publications to ORCIDs, as well as open access profiles for authors based on public ORCID records. We continue to foster connections between scientific data and literature in a number of ways. All the data behind the paper - whether in structured archives, generic archives or as supplemental files - are now available via links to the BioStudies database. Text-mined biological concepts, including database accession numbers and data DOIs, are highlighted in the text and linked to the appropriate data resources. The SciLite community annotation platform accepts text-mining results from various contributors and overlays them on research articles as licence allows. In addition, text miners and developers can access all open content via APIs or via the FTP site.
Simulation Analysis of Conduction Block in Myelinated Axons Using Three Models

Based on the McNeal cable model, taking the myelinated nerve fiber with limited length as the research object, three models (FH model, CRRSS model and SE model) were used in this paper to simulate the conduction block phenomena induced by symmetric biphasic electrical currents. The simulation ability of FH, CRRSS and SE models was also evaluated. The nerve conduction can be blocked above 10 kHz in FH model, and the onset frequency of conduction block in SE model is low at 2 kHz. For CRRSS model, larger axons of diameters 10 mum and 20 mum can be blocked when the frequency is above 15 kHz, but Smaller axon of diameter 5 mum remains firing once the intensity is above a certain level while the stimulation frequency is below 40 kHz. This simulation study can provide more information for animal experiments as well as clinical applications of electrical nerve block.
The Correlation of Cold Agglutinin Titrations in Saline and Albumin with Haemolytic Anaemia

Cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS) is usually associated with IgM cold agglutinins with titres exceeding 1000 at 4deg;C and a thermal amplitude of 30‐32deg;C. Occasionally patients are encountered who although having clinical and laboratory findings compatible with CAS do not have the characteristic serological findings. Thirty‐two patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test due to complement sensitization were studied. Thirty‐one of these patients had cold agglutinin titres greater than 64. Twenty‐eight had haemolytic anaemia, including one patient with a cold agglutinin titre of only 8 against saline‐suspended red cells. 53.6% of sera from patients with haemolytic anaemia reacted at 30deg;C and 7.1% at 37deg;C when albumin was not present, whereas in the presence of albumin all of the sera reacted at 30deg;C and 67.9% reacted at 37deg;C. None of the four patients without haemolytic anaemia reacted at 30deg;C or 37deg;C in the presence of albumin, even though one serum reacted to a titre of 1280 at 4deg;C. Cold agglutinin titres and thermal amplitudes in the presence of bovine albumin were found to correlate better with haemolytic anaemia than reactions without albumin. If bovine albumin is utilized in compatibility testing, multiple cold autoabsorptions may be necessary before alloantibody activity at 37deg;C can be excluded.
A Multicast Routing Protocol with Pruning and Energy Balancing for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a novel multicast routing protocol for wireless sensor networks, named Multicast tree protocol with Pruning and Energy Balancing (MPEB) to disseminate data through a layered multicast tree with high-efficiency and low-power consumption. With pruning algorithm and energy balancing algorithm, MPEB can save energy and balance load. Pruning algorithm records and maintains backup parents for each child node, and thus it can detach possible nodes from the multicast tree and turn as many nodes as possible to sleep. Energy balancing algorithm protects nodes with low power from running out of energy and dying out, and thus it can balance total energy consumption of the whole network and prolong the network lifetime. The formal validations and simulations evaluate the performance of MPEB, which shows that MPEB has a distinct advantage over others in both reducing and balancing energy consumption.
Entomological Characteristics of Malaria Transmission in Manhiça, a Rural Area in Southern Mozambique

Abstract From October 1997 to September 1998, an entomological survey was carried out in Manhiça, Mozambique, to describe the anopheline population and intensity of malaria transmission. Ten different huts were randomly selected for entomological surveillance throughout the year. CDC light trap collections were conducted during three nights each month. Additional knockdown spraying catches were carried out in the morning, after the last catch. A total of 17,245 Culicinae and 1,251 Anophelinae were collected during the study. There was substantial house to house variation and seasonality in the distribution of Anophelinae population, with a peak in April towards the end of the warm and rainy season. Four species of genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) were described: Anopheles funestus Giles, Anopheles tenebrosus Dönitz, Anopheles arabiensis Patton, and Anopheles merus Dönitz. An. funestus constitutes 72.3% of the anopheline population. The estimated sporozoite rate was 1.2% and the average entomological inoculation rate for the area was 15 infective bites per person per year.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BANKING TECHNOLOGIES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

The study sought to determine the relationship between E-Banking technologies and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific research objectives were to assess the influence of ATMs on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, to establish the effect of debit and credit cards on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, to determine the effect of mobile banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and to assess the effect of internet banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on Technology acceptance model (TAM), diffusion of innovations theory and resource based theory. The study population included all 44 commercial banks licensed by Central Bank of Kenya. Secondary data for a five year period was collected from financial statements of commercial banks in line with the specific variables of this study. Descriptive statistics (weighted means, standard deviation) was used to summarize the data using SPSS 21. Pearson moment correlation was conducted to establish the linear relationship between study variables. Regression analysis was conducted to establish the nature of the relationship. The study revealed that recent ATM innovations offer financial institutions the opportunity to transform the ATM from a cash dispenser to a customer relationship management tool, helping to enhance loyalty among all customers. Credit cards are being adopted by the banks so as to increase income, and to reduce credit and liquidity risks. Mobile banking is likely to have major impacts on the profitability of commercial banks as business operations get smoothen and that internet banking offers the convenience of conducting most of the banking transactions at a time that suits the customer. The study concludes that adoption of E-Banking technologies had a positive influence on the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommend that commercial banks should continue investing in ICT.
Model‐based mutation testing from security protocols in HLPSL

In recent years, important efforts have been made for offering a dedicated language for modelling and verifying security protocols. Outcome of the European project AVISPA, the high‐level security protocol language (HLPSL) aims at providing a means for verifying usual security properties (such as data secrecy) in message exchanges between agents. However, verifying the security protocol model does not guarantee that the actual implementation of the protocol will fulfil these properties. This article presents a model‐based testing approach, relying on the mutation of HLPSL models to generate abstract test cases. The proposed mutations aim at introducing leaks in the security protocols and represent real‐world implementation errors. The mutated models are then analysed by the automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool set, which produces, when the mutant protocol is declared unsafe, counterexample traces exploiting the security flaws and, thus, providing test cases. A dedicated framework is then used to concretize the abstract attack traces, bridging the gap between the formal model level and the implementation level. This model‐based testing technique has been experimented on a wide range of security protocols, in order to evaluate the mutation operators. This process has also been fully tool‐supported, from the mutation of the HLPSL model to the concretization of the abstract test cases into test scripts. It has been applied to a realistic case study of the Paypal payment protocol, which made it possible to discover a vulnerability in an implementation of an e‐commerce framework. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical and lumbar MRI in asymptomatic older male lifelong athletes: frequency of degenerative findings.

OBJECTIVE The athletic activity of the adult U.S. population has increased markedly in the last 20 years. To evaluate the possible long-term effects of such activity on the cervical and lumbar spine, we studied a group of asymptomatic currently very active lifelong male athletes over age 40 (41-69 years old, av. age 53). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen active, lifelong male athletes were studied with MRI and the results compared with previous imaging studies of other populations. An athletic history and a spine history were also taken. RESULTS Evidence of asymptomatic degenerative spine disease was similar to that seen in published series of other populations. Degenerative changes including disk protrusion and herniation, spondylosis, and spinal stenosis were present and increased in incidence with increasing patient age. In this group, all MRI findings proved to be asymptomatic and did not limit athletic activity. CONCLUSION The incidence of lumbar degenerative changes in our study population of older male athletes was similar to those seen in other populations.