Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Attentional Network and Learning Method for Object Search and Recognition

： A recurrent visual network is proposed to search and recognize an object simultaneously. The network can automatically select a sequence of local observations, and accurately localize and recognize objects by fusing those local detail appearance and rough context visual information. The method is more efficient than other methods with sliding windows or convolution on a whole image. Besides, a hybrid loss function is proposed to learn parameters of the multi-task network end-to-end. Especially, The combination of stochastic and object-awareness strategy is imported into visual fixation loss, which is beneficial to mine more abundant context and ensure fixation point close to object as fast as possible. A real-world dataset is built to verify the capacity of the method in searching and recognizing the object of interest including those small ones. Experiments illustrate that the method can predict an accurate bounding box for a visual object, and achieve higher searching speed. The source code will be opened to verify and analyze the method.
Countrywide Mobile Spectrum Sharing with Small Indoor Cells for Massive Spectral and Energy Efficiencies in 5G and Beyond Mobile Networks

In this paper, we propose a technique to share the licensed spectrums of all mobile network operators (MNOs) of a country with in-building small cells per MNO by exploiting the external wall penetration loss of a building and introducing the time-domain eICIC technique. The proposed technique considers allocating the dedicated spectrum Bop per MNO only its to outdoor macro UEs, whereas the total spectrum of all MNOs of the country Bco to its small cells indoor per building such that technically any small indoor cell of an MNO can have access to Bco instead of merely Bop assigned only to the MNO itself. We develop an interference management strategy as well as an algorithm for the proposed technique. System-level capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency performance metrics are derived, and a generic model for energy efficiency is presented. An optimal amount of small indoor cell density in terms of the number of buildings L carrying these small cells per MNO to trade-off the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency is derived. With the system-level numerical and simulation results, we define an optimal value of L for a dense deployment of small indoor cells of an MNO and show that the proposed spectrum sharing technique can achieve massive indoor capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency for the MNO. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed spectrum sharing technique could meet both the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency requirements for 5G mobile networks for numerous traffic arrival rates to small indoor cells per building of an MNO.
Evaluation the Correlation between Ki67 and 5 Years Disease Free Survival of Breast Cancer Patients

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer among women worldwide. Ki67 as a nuclear proliferation marker is used as a predictive marker for response to chemotherapy. In this study we retrospectively evaluated the association between Ki67 and 5 years disease free survival (5yDFS) in breast cancer patients. In addition, the correlation between ER, PR, HER2, and P53 and 5yDFS was studied. Total of 365 patients with breast cancer previously treated with surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy during 2001 to 2008 in department of were included in the study. All patients had invasive ductal carcinoma in the pathology. Age, Ki67, ER, PR, HER2, and P53 were studied. Her2/Neu expression level was assessed by reaction with antibodies against HER2/neu. Proliferation level was determined by reaction with antibodies against Ki-67: the level e"14% considered high and the level <14% considered low. The frequency and percentage were used for qualification data and mean and Standard Deviation (SD) for the quantitative data. The mean level of ki67 was 16.85±16.63 and the frequency of high ki67 was 203 (55.6%). The mean age of breast cancer patients was 47.2±10.53. ER status was positive in 242 patients (66.3%). One hundred and fifty four breast cancer patients had PR negative (42.2%). The HER2 overexpression was identified in 96 tumors (26.3%). The P53 status in tumors was positive in 166 (45.5%). The 55.6% of the patients had 5yDFS. The 67.5% and 40.7% of breast cancer patients respectively with low level of Ki67 and high level of Ki67 showed significant correlation with 5yDFS. Our findings showed increased level of 5yDFS in ER positive breast cancer patients. In addition, the chance of high Ki67 is increased in the ER negative, HER2 negative, and P53 positive breast cancer patients.
Seamless 25 GHz Transmission of LTE 4/16/64-QAM Signals Over Hybrid SMF/FSO and Wireless Link

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a photonics-assisted converged radio-over-fiber (RoF), radio-over-free-space optics (RoFSO) and millimeter-wave (MMW) wireless transmission system for use in broadband wireless access (BWA) networks. The focus is at the emerging frequency band of 25 GHz, as recommended for fifth-generation networks. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, all-optical up-converted long-term evolution test models with 4-, 16- and 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) are transmitted and evaluated over the proposed hybrid link under weak-to-strong atmospheric turbulence regimes. Link performance shows that, the error vector magnitudes are below the 3GPP standard for 4-, 16- and 64-QAM. We also show that, for all QAM signals under turbulence conditions, the bit error rate performance is below the forward error correction limit of ${10^{ - 3}}$. Simulation analysis is also performed for the 10 Gb/s hybrid systems under turbulence for an extended FSO link up to 500 m to emulate a practical outdoor environment. Furthermore, we analytically estimate the attainable MMW wireless range for different rain rates in Prague, Czech Republic. The obtained experimental and simulation results confirm the feasibility and potential of the proposed hybrid system for next-generation last mile BWA networks.
Confidence Estimation for ToF and Stereo Sensors and Its Application to Depth Data Fusion

Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors and stereo vision systems are two widely used technologies for depth estimation. Due to their rather complementary strengths and limitations, the two sensors are often combined to infer more accurate depth maps. A key research issue in this field is how to estimate the reliability of the sensed depth data. While this problem has been widely studied for stereo systems, it has been seldom considered for ToF sensors. Therefore, starting from the work done for stereo data, in this paper, we firstly introduce novel confidence estimation techniques for ToF data. Moreover, we also show how by using learning-based confidence metrics jointly trained on the two sensors yields better performance. Finally, deploying different fusion frameworks, we show how confidence estimation can be exploited in order to guide the fusion of depth data from the two sensors. Experimental results show how accurate confidence cues allow outperforming state-of-the-art data fusion schemes even with the simplest fusion strategies known in the literature.
Application of Non-Thermal Plasma for NOx Reduction in the Flue Gases

Over the years, ever more stringent requirements on the pollutant emissions, especially NOX, from combustion systems burning natural gas are introduced by the European Union (EU). Among all NOX reduction methods, the flue gas treatment by plasma is widely applied and could be used for both small scale and domestic combustion systems. However, the removal efficiency depends on concentrations of oxygen, water vapor, traces of hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides in flue gas. In order to analyze the application of the NOX reduction for small-scale or domestic combustion systems, experiments of NOX reduction by non-thermal plasma from real flue gases originating from premixed methane combustion at different equivalence ratio (ER) values were performed. It was determined that the residual oxygen in flue gas plays an important role for improvement of NO to NO2 oxidation efficiency when O2 concentrations are equal to or higher than 6%. The power consumption for the plasma oxidation constituted approximately 1% of the burner power. In the case of ozone treatment, the addition of O3 to flue gas showed even more promising results as NO formed during combustion was fully oxidized to NO2 at all ER values.
Realizing the Clinical Potential of Computational Psychiatry: Report From the Banbury Center Meeting, February 2019

In February 2019 a workshop was convened at the Banbury Centre at Cold Spring Harbor, NY. The purpose of the meeting was to identify key developments required in the practice and infrastructure of computational psychiatry research to accelerate its ability to address real world clinical problems in the near future. This report provides a summary of the conclusions of the meeting. At its core are suggestions to improve the measurement properties of computational assays through a rapid, iterative process that leverages coordinated waves of online and clinical testing, followed by deployment of the assays in innovative study designs to address clinically relevant questions. We particularly focus on theory-driven tasks but, where possible, the potential of data-driven approaches is also highlighted. Finally, the report suggests that for the promise of computational psychiatry to be realized, the research environment must be developed to encourage large-scale, collaborative, interdisciplinary consortia.
Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Multicore Fiber-Polarization Maintaining Fiber Loop Mirror

A highly sensitive temperature sensor based on seven-core multicore fiber-polarization maintaining fiber (MCF-PM) structure fiber loop mirror is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The effects of lengths of seven-core MCF and PM fiber on the temperature and strain sensitivities were studied. The results show that both the lengths of the MCF and PM fiber have significant impact on the temperature sensitivity of the sensor while have weak influence on the strain sensitivity. The maximum temperature sensitivity can reach −2.38nm/°C when a 12cm length of MCF and a 10cm length of PM fiber are used. The achieved temperature sensitivity is at nanometer level per Celsius, which is higher than that of the sensors with non-filled or no-coated multicore fiber reported in the literatures. The experiment results also show that the sensor has a high extinction ratio of 36dB due to the adding of the PM fiber. During the temperature stability measurement of 6 hours, the sensor exhibits a stable response to the temperatures with the maximum wavelength deviation of ~0.4nm, equivalent to 0.17°C. <fig position="float" orientation="portrait"> <graphic position="float" orientation="portrait" xlink:href="hu10-2946360.eps"/> </fig>
Worker assignment in dual resource constrained assembly job shops with worker heterogeneity: an assessment by simulation

Most shops in practice are constrained by more than one resource. Consequently, a large body of literature on dual resource constrained shops has emerged. This research typically focuses on worker assignment rules, with attention being on when and where to move workers. In contrast, the decision concerning who to reallocate to a station has received limited attention. The limited prior work assumes workers are assigned to a new station as soon as they become available or seeks to minimise the risk of worker idleness. Using simulation, we question this assumption and show that it can be beneficial to introduce additional worker idleness to ensure workers only work at their most efficient station(s). In general, it is less likely that there are several workers available for one station than it is for there to be multiple stations available for one worker. Consequently, the Who Rule is used less frequently than the Where rule and has less of an impact on performance. Finally, considering the criticality of work orders as part of the Where Rule is important in assembly shops; but if labour is heterogeneous then the focus should be on efficiency. The findings have important implications for research and practice.
New Tricks in the Preparation Design for Prosthetic Ceramic Laminate Veeners

Background: The prosthetic preparation of the teeth for ceramic laminate veneers has to follow the minimally invasive concept brought by the modern Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics. However, during the cementation phase under the rubber dam, the loss of the esthetics landmarks could lead to errors in the future positioning of the laminate veneers. Methods: In this article the authors show an accurate operative prosthetic protocol using different fine intraoperative maneuvers and tricks for the realization of ceramic laminates in order to solve the problems of the cementation phase. Results: The treatment of the anterior sector of the upper maxilla with porcelain laminate veneers was realized in a 30 years old woman with aesthetic issues. Conclusion: Different fine intraoperative maneuvers and tricks during teeth preparation, master impression and rubber dam positioning could reduce errors occurring in the cementation phase and increase the predictability of the results.
Plants and architecture: the role of biology and biomimetics in materials development for buildings

ABSTRACT This paper reviews plant-inspired biomimicry for novel materials applied within architecture and building elements. Bioinspiration is considered at a materials level, and examples explored through increasing scale, towards elements and components for application at the building level in new designs and approaches. The review of plant biology mechanisms indicates that a single plant attribute can give rise to many biomimetic concepts. It is common for these to overlap, providing different routes to interrelated technological or design challenges. By focusing on six specific plant inspirations (self-cleaning, self-healing, cell wall structures, plant movements, cellular structures and branched structures) the paper highlights established and emerging approaches in bioinspired materials. Several areas are identified where additional research is needed to progress from materials and small assemblies up to building element or full structure. One is service life, and may necessitate that self-cleaning and self-healing concepts are re-visited for new inspiration applicable to new generation materials. Multi-functionality will become increasingly important. Scaling of concepts from small prototypes to full elements also poses challenges in both the materials selection for stresses incurred, and the alteration of geometry to fit the structural form while retaining the biomimetic function. A holistic approach of multiple inspirations is often required.
Kirchhoff Migration for Identifying Unknown Targets Surrounded by Random Scatterers

In this paper, we take into account a two-dimensional inverse scattering problem for localizing small electromagnetic anomalies when they are surrounded by small, randomly distributed electromagnetic scatterers. Generally, subspace migration is considered to be an improved version of Kirchhoff migration; however, for the problem considered here, simulation results have confirmed that Kirchhoff migration is better than subspace migration, though the reasons for this have not been investigated theoretically. In order to explain theoretical reason, we explored that the imaging function of Kirchhoff migration can be expressed by the size, permittivity, permeability of anomalies and random scatterers, and the Bessel function of the first kind of order zero and one. Considered approach is based on the fact that the far-field pattern can be represented using an asymptotic expansion formula in the presence of such anomalies and random scatterers. We also present results of numerical simulations to validate the discovered imaging function structures.
Coordinated design of PSS and unified power flow controller using the combination of CWT and Prony methods with the help of SPEA II multi‐objective optimisation algorithm

Since the initial objective of power system stabiliser (PSS) units and flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices is the damping of inter-area and local oscillations, it is very substantial that the network electromechanical oscillatory modes are identified for tuning the controller of large-scale interconnected power systems. In this research, a method based on the combination of continuous wavelet transform and Prony algorithm is presented to study low-frequency electromechanical oscillations of the power system. The coordinated design of PSS and FACTS parameters become a multi-objective optimisation problem that will be solved using the SPEA II. The residue method is used to improve damping and satisfy the controller constraints of the suggested power systems. Finally, the proposed method of mode estimation and controller design is simulated on the two well-known test case systems, namely IEEE 2-area 4-generator and New England- New York 68-bus 16-generator systems using MATLAB software. The results represent accurate performance and validity of the proposed method to improve oscillation damping, dynamic stability of the power systems.
Wpływ materiału maskującego na jakość odwzorowania w procesie suchego trawienia węglika krzemu 4H-SiC w plazmie chlorowej

The paper presents an analysis of the durability of three resists on the effect of chlorine plasma. A series of SiC etching processes were carried out, where using PMMA 950, ZEP 520 and HSQ materials the mask was made. As part of the experiments developed, various doses of irradiation were tested. For etching characterization scanning electron microscopy were performed. In addition, to determine the parameters like the etching speed of the resist and silicon carbide, profilometry was used. Measurements before and after removing the mask were realized. Possible etching depth ranges were determined at the assumed thickness of the masking material used. (Influence of masking materials on the quality of mapping in silicon carbide 4H-SiC dry etching processes in chlorine plasma). Słowa kluczowe: węglik krzemu, 4H-SiC, trawienie plazmowe, Cl2, ICP.
Accumulation Conditions and an Analysis of the Origins of Natural Gas in the Lower Silurian Shiniulan Formation from Well Anye 1, Northern Guizhou Province

The origin of natural gas and the mechanisms that lead to gas accumulation in the marine calcareous mudstone of the Lower Silurian Shiniulan Formation in northern Guizhou province are special and complicated. According to a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including the reconstruction of hydrocarbon generative potential and gas content’s measurement, in the context of some geochemistry information—the origins of the natural gas of Shiniulan Formation is suggested to be mixed gas. Furthermore, the accumulation of the natural gas can be proposed combined with some geological information. Results indicated that the volume of the in-place gas content of Shiniulan samples, reinstated by the formulas’ computation, reaches a yield of 3.67 m3·t−1 in rock. The theoretical gas content for Shiniulan Formation mudstone ranges from 1.6 to 5.8 m3·t−1 using the indirect calculation of gas content, and the total gas contents of those samples range from 0.065 to 0.841 m3/t, according to the United States Bureau of Mines’ (USBM) direct method. According to the combination of the reconstructed in-place gas content and the gas content, even mudstone in the Shiniulan Formation has potential to generating gas but could not satisfy the actual gas content in Shiniulan Formation. In addition, according to the composition, the carbon and hydrogen isotope charts of gaseous hydrocarbons further indicate that the gas origin of Shiniulan Formation is a mixed gas, which also means that the gas is not just generated in the layer, but has partly migrated from other formations, such as the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation. The lower Shiniulan Formation in the study area is characterized by frequent interbed of limestone and calcareous mudstone. The geological information shows that well-developed fractures of mudstone and faults can be used as main pathways for the upward migration of gases from the underlying strata to the Shiniulan Formation. The limestone with fairly low porosity and permeability hinders the migration of natural gas as much as possible and keeps that efficiently reserved in the horizontal fractures of calcareous mudstone. This migration pattern implies that the interbedded rock association is also favorable for gas accumulation in the Shiniulan Formation.
Modelling approach for multi‐carrier‐based pulse‐width modulation techniques utilised in asymmetrical cascaded H‐bridge inverters

The increasing use of medium-voltage drives and high-power equipment requires a detailed study on the switching method and topology of multi-level inverters. Asymmetric cascaded H-bridge topologies that have unequal input dc voltages with different devices in various parts of the cascaded H-bridge inverter (CHB) are representative of significant improvements in medium-voltage industrial drives. Various modulation strategies are used in multi-level power conversion applications. In the multi-carrier switching method for asymmetric CHB, the number of switches is less than carriers and is usually used in the off-line switching method. These methods of switching are not applicable to online systems. In this study, equations for combining different pulse-width modulation (PWM) to use the controllability advantage of the multi-carrier method are introduced in asymmetric topologies. Then, the dual Fourier series equations are applied to model each inverter switching relation of the asymmetric cascaded blocks. To model each inverter switching relation of the asymmetric blocks using sinusoidal PWM, the dual Fourier series equations were applied. The presented analytical modelling switching method was validated using simulation and experimental case studies.
Design and realization of an open‐source and modular smart meter

This paper presents the design of a modular and open‐source smart meter for educational and research purposes. The smart meter monitors the energy consumption, uploads the data to a cloud server, and can be used to control appliances remotely through a control relay. Using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the smart meter acts as a sensing node in a meshed network. This enables consumers to visualize their energy consumption profiles at the level of appliances and to take control actions to manage efficient energy consumption using the automation platforms or IoT with smart meters. In this paper, the energy consumed by different electrical appliances is computed and communicated to a server using the Arduino Uno board aided by the ESP8266 WiFi module. The energy consumption is also displayed on an LCD screen, and the consumption profiles are displayed through the home energy monitoring website “EmonCMS. ” The design can accommodate different transducer ratings with single‐phase and three‐phase measurements by configuring itself automatically using the plug‐and‐play approach. The realization of the proposed smart meter is a multicourse educational project that aims to polish students’ skills in applying the knowledge gained in Electrical Engineering (ie, undergraduate courses) to produce a practical application.