Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research and Implementation of Children’s Speech Signal Processing System

As people's living standard and the degree of mass culture have been constantly improved, many families are caring more about the healthy growth of early childhood. In this paper, based on the research of domestic and foreign experts and scholars: the guardians (such as parents) take appropriate intervention on children at the early stage can effectively promote children's language and cognitive ability development, and the intervention has obvious effect on the autistic spectrum disorders of children. This paper presents a system for analyzing children's speech signal, calculating the guardian’s language words, the number of children‘s verbal words and the number of guardian and children's dialogue rotation times by voice signal processing and pattern recognition technology. And related personnels use these indicators to analysis the development of children's language and cognitive ability, then adopting appropriate measures for children and providing the basis for decision-making criteria, so as to promote the development of children's language and cognitive status.
Abstract 4139: Healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in treated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients

Background: MCL, a subtype of non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma, has an aggressive clinical course & poor prognosis. Few studies have described treatment patterns & HRU in treated MCL patients (pts). Methods: U.S. healthcare claims data (Truven Health) was used to identify adult pts with a new episode of MCL therapy (tx) (defined as no MCL tx claim in prior ≥ 12 months) occurring within 90 days of an MCL diagnosis, & ≥ 12 months enrollment before & after the first MCL tx claim (index date). Pts with claims for pregnancy or non-MCL txs were excluded. The identification period was from 2007 - 2011. MCL txs included bendamustine, bortezomib, busulfan, carboplatin, carmustine, cisplatin, cladribine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, doxorubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, ifosfamide, melphalan, MESNA, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, lenalidomide, pentostatin, procarbazine, rituximab, temsirolimus, vincristine, or combinations. Demographics, MCL treatment patterns & HRU were summarized using descriptive statistics. HRU patterns during the 12 months before & after initiating MCL tx were analyzed. Results: This analysis identified 381 pts. Mean age was 65 (SD 12) years; 73% were male. Prior to 2010, more than 70% of initial txs consisted of one of the following regimens: 1) cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-rituximab-vincristine, 2) rituximab monotherapy, 3) vincristine monotherapy or 4) cyclophosphamide-rituximab-vincristine. After 2010, more than 70% of initial txs consisted of 1) cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-rituximab-vincristine, 2) bendamustine-rituximab, & 3) rituximab monotherapy. MCL tx claims were reported for a mean of 4.0 (SD 2.0) months per pt in the 12 months following the index date. The table reports HRU in the 12 months before & after initial MCL tx. Conclusions: This observational study of 381 treated MCL pts reported significant HRU in the 12 months following initiation of MCL tx. These results provide an indicator of MCL disease burden & provide stakeholders an estimate of HRU upon which standardized costs may be imputed. Citation Format: Chris M. Kozma, Terra Slaton, Lorie Ellis, R S. McKenzie. Healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in treated mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4139. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4139
Role of Oxyradicals in the Pathophysiology of Hemorrhagic Shock 


Oxyradicals have been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. This review describes the role of oxyradicals in cardiovascular depression and cellular injury during hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion. Clinical classification of shock has been provided. Physiological basis of signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic shock has been tabled. This review provides data that the cardiac function and contractility are depressed during shock and reinfusion. The cardiac depression is associated with increases in the lipid peroxidation product malodialdehyde (MDA), in the oxygen radical producing activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the activity of plasma creatine kinase and CKMB. Also the antioxidant reserve is depressed in the myocardium. Antioxidant enzyme activity is affected adversely. Pretreatment with antioxidants retards the cardiac depression and reduces oxidative stress. In this respect polymorphonuclear leukocytes play a role in the cardiac depression in hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion. The increase in the vascular resistance appears to be associated with oxidative stress. The data to-date suggest that oxyradicals play a role in the cardiac depression and cellular injury during hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion and that the antioxidant treatment may be beneficial in hemorrhagic shock and reinfusion.
The status and quality of secondary science teaching and learning in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study investigated and described the status and quality of secondary science teaching and learning in Lagos State, Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used for gathering research data. Quantitative data were obtained from the surveys of 78 junior secondary science teachers and 500 junior secondary students from three Local Education Districts of Lagos State. Qualitative data on the other hand, were gathered from analysis of national and state curriculum documents and from focus groups of science teachers, school principals, parent association representatives, education officers, teacher educators, representatives of the professional association for science teachers and representatives of examination bodies in Lagos State, Nigeria. Other key stakeholders including scientists in a government establishment and those working in industry were also interviewed. Quantitative data were coded and analysed using the SPSS 13.0 statistical package to produce descriptive statistics. Qualitative data also were transcribed and categorized into emerging themes. Triangulation of data from various sources was used to reveal pictures of actual science teaching and learning and an ideal science for junior secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. Findings from this study indicate a gap between actual science teaching and learning and an ideal school science with regards to curriculum, pedagogy and learning, class sizes and resource allocation, teacher knowledge and skills, attitude and professional development, and community support. Finally, realistic recommendations for closing the gap between actual and ideal science are suggested with possible actions for improving the quality of science teaching and learning for Lagos State, Nigeria.
The global burden of tuberculosis--combating drug resistance in difficult times.

Disturbingly, there were an estimated 500,000 cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis in 2007, and 55 countries had reported cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis by the end of 2008. Dr. Peter Donald and Paul van Helden write that these figures highlight a potential threat to our ability to treat tuberculosis.
Discovery, fine-mapping, and conditional analyses of genetic variants associated with C-reactive protein in multiethnic populations using the Metabochip in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a circulating biomarker indicative of systemic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate genetic associations with CRP levels among non-European-ancestry populations through discovery, fine-mapping and conditional analyses. A total of 30 503 non-European-ancestry participants from 6 studies participating in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology study had serum high-sensitivity CRP measurements and ∼200 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on the Metabochip. We evaluated the association between each SNP and log-transformed CRP levels using multivariate linear regression, with additive genetic models adjusted for age, sex, the first four principal components of genetic ancestry, and study-specific factors. Differential linkage disequilibrium patterns between race/ethnicity groups were used to fine-map regions associated with CRP levels. Conditional analyses evaluated for multiple independent signals within genetic regions. One hundred and sixty-three unique variants in 12 loci in overall or race/ethnicity-stratified Metabochip-wide scans reached a Bonferroni-corrected P-value <2.5E-7. Three loci have no (HACL1, OLFML2B) or only limited (PLA2G6) previous associations with CRP levels. Six loci had different top hits in race/ethnicity-specific versus overall analyses. Fine-mapping refined the signal in six loci, particularly in HNF1A. Conditional analyses provided evidence for secondary signals in LEPR, IL1RN and HNF1A, and for multiple independent signals in CRP and APOE. We identified novel variants and loci associated with CRP levels, generalized known CRP associations to a multiethnic study population, refined association signals at several loci and found evidence for multiple independent signals at several well-known loci. This study demonstrates the benefit of conducting inclusive genetic association studies in large multiethnic populations.
Cesárea electiva versus parto vaginal

This article reviews current aspects of Cesarean section considering increasing rate in all countries of the world, with special emphasis on Chile. Frequencies, causes and indications, as well as recent recommendations in terms of expected frequencies are analyzed. Chilean child and maternal health indicators are reminded and, in accordance to the best evidence available, the advantages and disadvantages of both delivery modes are analyzed, i.e. C-section versus vaginal delivery. Finally, general recommendations are given that could contribute to reducing the high rate of Cesarean section.
Association Between Intensity of Statin Therapy and Mortality in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Importance High-intensity statin therapy is recommended for the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Nevertheless, statin therapy in general, and high-intensity statin therapy in particular, is underused in patients with established ASCVD. Objective To determine the association between all-cause mortality and intensity of statin therapy in the Veterans Affairs health care system. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of patients aged 21 to 84 years with ASCVD treated in the Veterans Affairs health care system from April 1, 2013, to April 1, 2014. Patients who were included had 1 or more International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for ASCVD on 2 or more different dates in the prior 2 years. Exposures Intensity of statin therapy was defined by the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, and use was defined as a filled prescription in the prior 6 months. Patients were excluded if they were taking a higher statin dose in the prior 5 years. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was death from all causes adjusted for the propensity to receive high-intensity statins. Results The study sample included 509 766 eligible adults with ASCVD at baseline (mean [SD] age, 68.5 [8.8] years; 499 598 men and 10 168 women), including 150 928 (29.6%) receiving high-intensity statin therapy, 232 293 (45.6%) receiving moderate-intensity statin therapy, 33 920 (6.7%) receiving low-intensity statin therapy, and 92 625 (18.2%) receiving no statins. During a mean follow-up of 492 days, there was a graded association between intensity of statin therapy and mortality, with 1-year mortality rates of 4.0% (5103 of 126 139) for those receiving high-intensity statin therapy, 4.8% (9703 of 200 709) for those receiving moderate-intensity statin therapy, 5.7% (1632 of 28 765) for those receiving low-intensity statin therapy, and 6.6% (4868 of 73 728) for those receiving no statin (P < .001). After adjusting for the propensity to receive high-intensity statins, the hazard ratio for mortality was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.93) for those receiving high- vs moderate-intensity statins. The magnitude of benefit of high- vs moderate-intensity statins was similar, for an incident cohort hazard ratio of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.85-1.01). For patients aged 76 to 84 years, the hazard ratio was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.95). Patients treated with maximal doses of high-intensity statins had lower mortality (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94) compared with those receiving submaximal doses. Conclusions and Relevance We found a graded association between intensity of statin therapy and mortality in a national sample of patients with ASCVD. High-intensity statins were associated with a small but significant survival advantage compared with moderate-intensity statins, even among older adults. Maximal doses of high-intensity statins were associated with a further survival benefit.
Present‐self, past‐self and the close‐other: neural correlates of assigning trait adjectives to oneself and others

Information regarding the past‐self may be viewed as information referring to other people. However, evidence supporting this notion at the neural level is rather sparse and it remains unclear whether the past‐self is processed like any ‘other’ or like the close‐other only. The aim of this event‐related potential study was to investigate this issue. A reflection task requiring evaluation of positive and negative trait adjectives with respect to present‐ and past‐self, a close‐other and a famous person was applied. We hypothesized that the past‐self and close‐other conditions would share their neural underpinnings. The process of reflection on the past‐self and close‐other was indeed associated with similar mean amplitudes of the late positive component (LPC), whereas in the case of the past‐self vs. famous person comparison LPC was significantly enhanced for the past‐self. Analogous effects were observed when LPC was calculated for trials with traits judged as either suitable or unsuitable to describe a person who was the target of reflection. Thus, these findings suggest that the processing of information related to the past‐self resembles processing of information related to a personally relevant other. Moreover, sex‐differences were observed in reaction times and LPC amplitudes for responses reflecting the positivity bias.
Feasibility of Obtaining Measures of Lifestyle From a Smartphone App: The MyHeart Counts Cardiovascular Health Study

Importance Studies have established the importance of physical activity and fitness, yet limited data exist on the associations between objective, real-world physical activity patterns, fitness, sleep, and cardiovascular health. Objectives To assess the feasibility of obtaining measures of physical activity, fitness, and sleep from smartphones and to gain insights into activity patterns associated with life satisfaction and self-reported disease. Design, Setting, and Participants The MyHeart Counts smartphone app was made available in March 2015, and prospective participants downloaded the free app between March and October 2015. In this smartphone-based study of cardiovascular health, participants recorded physical activity, filled out health questionnaires, and completed a 6-minute walk test. The app was available to download within the United States. Main Outcomes and Measures The feasibility of consent and data collection entirely on a smartphone, the use of machine learning to cluster participants, and the associations between activity patterns, life satisfaction, and self-reported disease. Results From the launch to the time of the data freeze for this study (March to October 2015), the number of individuals (self-selected) who consented to participate was 48 968, representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Their median age was 36 years (interquartile range, 27-50 years), and 82.2% (30 338 male, 6556 female, 10 other, and 3115 unknown) were male. In total, 40 017 (81.7% of those who consented) uploaded data. Among those who consented, 20 345 individuals (41.5%) completed 4 of the 7 days of motion data collection, and 4552 individuals (9.3%) completed all 7 days. Among those who consented, 40 017 (81.7%) filled out some portion of the questionnaires, and 4990 (10.2%) completed the 6-minute walk test, made available only at the end of 7 days. The Heart Age Questionnaire, also available after 7 days, required entering lipid values and age 40 to 79 years (among 17 245 individuals, 43.1% of participants). Consequently, 1334 (2.7%) of those who consented completed all fields needed to compute heart age and a 10-year risk score. Physical activity was detected for a mean (SD) of 14.5% (8.0%) of individuals’ total recorded time. Physical activity patterns were identified by cluster analysis. A pattern of lower overall activity but more frequent transitions between active and inactive states was associated with equivalent self-reported cardiovascular disease as a pattern of higher overall activity with fewer transitions. Individuals’ perception of their activity and risk bore little relation to sensor-estimated activity or calculated cardiovascular risk. Conclusions and Relevance A smartphone-based study of cardiovascular health is feasible, and improvements in participant diversity and engagement will maximize yield from consented participants. Large-scale, real-world assessment of physical activity, fitness, and sleep using mobile devices may be a useful addition to future population health studies.
Cocaine abstinence induces emotional impairment and brain region‐specific upregulation of the oxytocin receptor binding

The key problem in treating cocaine addiction is the maintenance of a drug‐free state as negative emotional symptoms during abstinence often trigger relapse. The mechanisms underpinning the emotional dysregulation during abstinence are currently not well‐understood. There is evidence suggesting a role of the neuropeptide oxytocin in the modulation of drug addiction processes. However, its involvement during long‐term abstinence from cocaine use remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to behaviourally characterize a mouse model of long‐term cocaine withdrawal and assess the effect of chronic cocaine administration and long‐term cocaine abstinence on the central oxytocinergic system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Fourteen‐day escalating‐dose cocaine administration (3 × 15–30 mg/kg/day) and 14‐day withdrawal increased plasma corticosterone levels and oxytocin receptor (OTR) binding in piriform cortex, lateral septum and amygdala. A specific cocaine withdrawal‐induced increase in OTR binding was observed in the medial septum. These biochemical alterations occurred concomitantly with the emergence of memory impairment, contextual psychomotor sensitization and an anhedonic and anxiogenic phenotype during withdrawal. Our study established a clear relationship between cocaine abstinence and emotional impairment in a novel translationally relevant model of cocaine withdrawal and demonstrated for the first time brain region‐specific neuroadaptations of the oxytocin system, which may contribute to abstinence‐induced negative emotional state.
The impact of a decline in fecundity and of pregnancy postponement on final number of children and demand for assisted reproduction technology.

BACKGROUND Over the past decades, the proportion of couples who resort to infertility treatment has tremendously increased, and fertility (the final number of children) sharply declined. We explored the roles of two potential causes of these trends: a temporal decline in the couples' fecundability and a postponement of age at initiation of pregnancy attempts. METHODS We conducted a Monte-Carlo simulation for the reproductive history of 100,000 women based on the fertility and socio-demographic characteristics of the 1968 birth cohort in France. Declines in fecundability of various amplitudes have been implemented, as well as increases in the distribution of age at initiation of pregnancy attempts. RESULTS A decline in fecundability by 15% implied a decrease in fertility by 4%, and an increase in the proportion of couples eligible for infertility treatments by 73%. An increase in the mean age at initiation of first pregnancy attempt by 2.5 years from 25 years entailed a decrease by 5% in fertility and an increase by 32% in the proportion of couples eligible for infertility treatments. CONCLUSION A relatively important decrease in fecundability and an increase by 2.5 years in age at first pregnancy attempt are likely to have only a limited impact on fertility. However, they may have a large impact on the proportion of involuntarily infertile couples, likely to resort to assisted reproduction techniques.
Physicians' views of the Massachusetts Health Care Reform Law--a poll.

In 2006, Massachusetts enacted the country's first law mandating near-universal health care coverage,1 and the state now has the lowest proportion of uninsured residents in the United States. The Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy estimated that only 2.7% of state residents remained uninsured as of spring 2009.2 National policymakers have turned to Massachusetts as a potential model for federal health care reform, and reform proposals recently put forward in Congress include elements from the Massachusetts plan, such as the individual mandate to buy insurance, public-program expansions, and a health insurance exchange. Despite the state's low percentage of .
The effect of mifepristone on breast cell proliferation in premenopausal women evaluated through fine needle aspiration cytology.

BACKGROUND Progestins as well as estrogens have a role in breast cell proliferation and the development of breast cancer. Here, the effect of mifepristone on cell proliferation in human breast tissue in vivo was studied in premenopausal women. METHODS A group of 30 women, scheduled for surgical treatment of leiomyomas, were randomized to either 50 mg mifepristone or placebo every other day, for 3 months. Fine needle aspiration biopsies were obtained at baseline and after 3 months. Immunocytochemical analysis of Ki-67 was performed to reflect breast epithelial cell proliferation. Samples from 14 women were included in the final analyses. RESULTS The Ki-67 index was significantly reduced after mifepristone treatment compared with baseline (P = 0.012). Furthermore, less individual variation in the Ki-67 index was seen in the mifepristone group. Treatment with mifepristone did not affect cortisol levels, whereas an increase in serum testosterone was noted. Breast symptoms like soreness and swelling were reduced, whereas the incidence of flushes increased. CONCLUSIONS The ability of mifepristone to block breast epithelial cell proliferation in premenopausal women may prove beneficial when used for contraceptive purposes or for other gynaecological indications. Future studies should address a possible antiproliferative effect in the post-menopausal breast tissue during hormone replacement therapy. Our results implicate a possible protective effect of mifepristone on the breast epithelium. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00579475.