Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broader foraging range of ancient short-tailed albatross populations into California coastal waters based on bulk tissue and amino acid isotope analysis

The short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus was nearly driven to extinction in the early 20th century, but is one of the most common seabirds found in coastal archaeological sites in Japan, the Aleutian Islands, and the Channel Islands off southern California. Today, this species nests on only 2 islands off southern Japan and spends the majority of its time foraging in waters west of the Aleutians. We used carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bulk tissue (bone collagen) and its constituent amino acids from modern samples of all 3 North Pacific albatross species as well as ancient short-tailed albatross to show that ancient short-tailed albatross foraged east of the Aleutian Islands more frequently than their modern counterparts. Isotope mixing models correctly assigned each species to its known foraging habitats, validating our approach on ancient short-tailed albatross. Mixing models also showed that ancient short-tailed albatross from both western and eastern North Pacific archaeological sites spent more time in the California Current than their modern congeners. However, ancient albatross remains from archaeological sites off southern California are isotopically distinct from those found in sites from the western North Pacific, suggesting this species previously had a more complex population structure. We found that modern short-tailed albatross occupy a higher trophic level than their ancient counterparts, which may be due to their consumption of bait and offal from longline fisheries. As extant short-tailed albatross recover from historical overexploitation, the reconstruction of their historical ecology helps in identifying likely areas for foraging and possible breeding range expansion. Short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus nesting on an egg at the main colony on Torishima, Tsubame-zaki, Japan. Photo: Robert Suryan OPEN ACCESS
Study on Prevalence of Small Ruminant Cysticercus Tenuicollis and its Monetary Loss at Bishoftu Elfora Export Abattoir, Oromia, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted on Cysticercus tenuicollis in sheep and goats slaughtered at Bishoftu, Elfora export abattoir from November 2017 to April 2018 to determine the prevalence, organ preference and associated risk factors and to estimate direct economic losses attributed to the condemned organs from sheep and goats slaughtered in the abattoir. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program. The overall prevalence of C. tenuicollis from 500 shoats was found 323 (64.6%) examined by post-mortem examination. During the study, a total of 268 goats and 232 sheep visceral organs were inspected. Of this C. tenuicollis was found in Caprine 60 (22.4%) than in sheep 42 (18.1%). The age wise prevalence C. tenuicollis showed that the prevalence was higher in young sheep (41.0%) than adult sheep (20.8%). Although organ wise infection rates of both sheep and goat were (19.4%) and (20.5%) (Mesentery), (19.8%) and (18.3%) (Peritoneum), (22.4%) and (18.1%) (Liver), and (18.3%) and (17.2%) (Omentum) and (18.3%) and (21.6%) (Carcass) with no significant statistical difference. The overall percentage of C. tenuicollis was higher in young sheep (41.0%) than in adult sheep (20.8%) with significant statistical difference (p<0.05). Small Ruminant Cysticercus tenuicollis is an important disease that causes great economic losses due to organ condemnation in the study area. Improvement of awareness of the communities about the economic importance of the parasite and hence reducing the incidence and economic loss incurred by the disease via control program that involves due attention on veterinary activities.
Oribatid mites show how climate and latitudinal gradients in organic matter can drive large‐scale biodiversity patterns of soil communities

The factors determining spatial distributions and diversity of terrestrial invertebrates are typically investigated at small scales. Large‐scale studies are lacking for soil animals, which control microbial communities and represent one of the most diverse yet poorly known animal assemblages. Here, we analyzed a major group (Oribatida) to test whether belowground macroecological patterns can be predicted by climatic variables, vegetation and large‐scale variation in key soil properties.
Lipoma gigante em região abdominal de cão: Relato de caso

Lipoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of adipocytes, most commonly presented in subcutaneous or dermal forms and its predominant occurrence is linked to the canine species. It is usually characterized by a single, well-circumscribed, subcutaneous, slow-growing mass that can be cured by surgical excision without the need for chemotherapy. And despite the low danger to the life of the animal, the welfare of the animal may be compromised due to its characteristic growth and ulcer formation, with associated pain. During treatment at the University Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí, was treated an 8-year-old male dog, with no defined breed, presenting a pendular mass in the abdominal region, measuring approximately 30 cm in length, on palpation was possible, note a small ulcerated nodular areas next to the large mass. To confirm the diagnosis, cytology was performed from fine needle aspiration, which showed the presence of adipocyte clustering. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed no mass vascularization and radiographic exams showed no signs of metastasis.
New expression systems for recombinant genes in Escherichia coli cells using ColE1 type plasmid derivatives

Escherichia coli is one of the most widely used hosts for the production of heterologous proteins. Within this host, the choice of cloning vector constitutes a key factor for a satisfactory amplified expression of a target gene. We aimed to develop novel, unpatented expression vectors that enable the stable maintenance and efficient overproduction of proteins in E. coli. A series of expression vectors based on the ColE1-like pIGDM1 plasmid were constructed. The vectors named pIGDMCT7RS, pIGDM4RS and pIGDMKAN carry various antibiotic resistance genes: chloramphenicol, ampicillin or kanamycin, respectively. Two derivatives contain the inducible T7 promoter while the third one bears the constitutive pms promoter from a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The pIGDM1-derivatives are compatible with other ColE1-like plasmids commonly used in molecular cloning. The pIGDMCT7RS and pIGDM4RS vectors contain genes encoding AGA and AGG tRNAs, which supplement the shortage of these tRNAs, increasing the efficiency of synthesis of heterologous proteins. In conclusion, pIGDMCT7RS, pIGDM4RS and pIGDMKAN vectors, with significantly improved features, including compatibility with vast majority of other plasmids, were designed and constructed. They enable a high-level expression of a desired recombinant gene and therefore constitute a potential, valuable tool for pharmaceutical companies and research laboratories for their own research or for the production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals.
Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection provides protection for the host by changing the activation state of the innate immune system

An efficacious vaccine against adult tuberculosis (TB) remains elusive. Progress is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the immune mechanisms that protect against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB1. Over 90% of people who become infected with Mtb mount an immune response that contains the bacteria indefinitely, leading to a state known as “latent TB infection” (LTBI)2. A significant body of epidemiologic evidence indicates that LTBI protects against active TB after re-exposure, offering an intriguing avenue to identifying protective mechanisms3, 4. We show that in a mouse model, LTBI is highly protective against infection with Mtb for up to 100 days following aerosol challenge. LTBI mice are also protected against heterologous bacterial challenge (Listeria monocytogenes) and disseminated melanoma suggesting that protection is in part mediated by alterations in the activation state of the innate immune system. Protection is associated with elevated activation of alveolar macrophages (AM), the first cells that respond to inhaled Mtb, and accelerated recruitment of Mtb-specific T cells to the lung parenchyma upon aerosol challenge. Systems approaches, including transcriptome analysis of both naïve and infected AMs, as well as ex vivo functional assays, demonstrate that LTBI reconfigures the response of tissue resident AMs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both LTBI mice and latently infected humans show similar alterations in the relative proportions of circulating innate immune cells, suggesting that the same cellular changes observed in the LTBI mouse model are also occurring in humans. Therefore, we argue that under certain circumstances, LTBI could be beneficial to the host by providing protection against subsequent Mtb exposure.
Endocrine effects on mouse oocyte DNA methylation during antral follicle development

Oocyte maturation has been the subject of extensive studies but there remains debate as to the effect of steroid hormones on this process and the subsequent implications for developmental competence. During oocyte maturation the establishment of the correct maternal DNA methylation pattern is vital ifnormal embryo development is to occur after fertilisation. Thus, any factors which perturb the process of DNA methylation could have an impact on the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence. This study investigates the effects of androgens and oestrogens on oocyte maturation, with particular emphasis on DNA methylation. Alterations in DNA methylation and the subsequent expression of imprinted genes could be mediated through changes in ovarian expression of genes affecting the methylation process, such as one of the Dnmt or Mbd genes. However, no consistent, reproducible changes in expression levels ofDnmt or Mbd genes were observed after the administration of exogenous gonadotrophins. Further analysis found that exposure to raised steroid levels in culture had a significant effect on the global DNA methylation levels of oocytes. Although, no alterations in gene expression were previously identified this did not rule out the possibility that the observed changes to DNA methylation levels were the result of an effect on Dnmt proteins. To begin investigating this, the localisation of Dnmtlo was assessed after exposure to high levels of androgens and oestrogens. Under physiological conditions the Dnmtlo protein is present in the nucleus in growing oocytes and translocates to the cytoplasm as maturation progresses. Steroid exposure was found to alter the
Efficacy of selected volatile compounds for organic vine mealybug control

Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudo-coccidae) constitutes a high impact pest in vineyards. Synthetic insecticides are inefficient to control the mealybug population and they affect human health and the environment. The insecticidal properties of eight volatile compounds against vine mealybugs and their grapevine leaf phytotoxicity in laboratory conditions were evaluated. 2-decanone, 3-decanone, α-methyl cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde produced a higher percentage of mealybug mortality in relation to control at a fumigant dose of 300 µL·L-1 air. The 3-octanone, cinnamyl chloride, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanol were not effective against P. ficus. Cinnamaldehyde and α-methyl cinnamaldehyde produced a low acetylcholinesterase inhibition (IC50= 2.67 µL·L-1 and 9.10 µL·L-1, respectively), whereas 2-decanone and 3-decanone did not cause enzyme inhibition. Cinnamaldehyde was not phytotoxic for grapevine leaves; therefore, this compound was selected for a contact application to improve its effectiveness, resulting in a LC50 of 394.36 µL·L-1 solution. The results demonstrated the potential of cinnamaldehyde to be developed as a non-phytotoxic natural insecticide for the control of vine mealybugs in vineyards.
The Pupillary Light Response Reflects Visual Working Memory Content

Recent studies have shown that the pupillary light response (PLR) is modulated by higher cognitive functions, presumably through activity in visual sensory brain areas. Here we use the PLR to test the involvement of sensory areas in visual working memory (VWM). In two experiments, participants memorized either bright or dark stimuli. We found that pupils were smaller when a pre-stimulus cue indicated that a bright stimulus should be memorized; this reflects a covert shift of attention during encoding of items into VWM. Crucially, we obtained the same result with a post-stimulus cue, which shows that internal shifts of attention within VWM affect pupil size as well. Strikingly, pupil size reflected VWM content only briefly. This suggests that a shift of attention within VWM momentarily activates an “active” memory representation, but that this representation quickly transforms into a “hidden” state that does not rely on sensory areas.
DNA damage in mouse organs and in human sperm cells by bisphenol A

Abstract The in vivo genotoxic potential of bisphenol A using the comet assay in mice and in human sperm cells in vitro without metabolizing enzymes was studied. Male mice were exposed by oral gavage to the following doses of bisphenol A (0 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight). DNA damage was investigated in liver, kidney, testes, urinary bladder, colon and lungs cells. In testicular cells, a significant increase in DNA strand breaks was observed in the lowest, but not in the medium or highest dose groups. Histopathological investigation of the testicular samples did not show any treatment dose-related effects. No DNA strand breaks were observed in any of the other investigated tissues. In human sperm cells in vitro, bisphenol A did not induce DNA strand breaks.
Study on Online Teaching of High Frequency Circuit under COVID-19 Epidemic

Most schools close their campus for the safety of students and teachers under COVID-19 epidemic. Online teaching is used in most schools and universities widely in spring term 2020. This paper studies on the online teaching method and results in online teaching of high frequency circuit, which is useful for online teaching of electronic engineering. In the online class, we use the discussion as the main method instead of the lecture. Students study the course contents before class. Most students are satisfied with the online teaching method. This online teaching method should be applied in other courses teaching in online university education.
Facebooking by Adolescents: A Narrative Review

Facebook, as the world’s most popular social networking site, is serving approximately 2 billion people including 92% of adolescents who are online daily. This narrative review includes published research from the last decade on the use and misuse of Facebook by adolescents. The research on Facebook use has focused on motives for its use, which have been primarily for companionship and relationship maintenance. In turn, online relationships have facilitated or debilitated offline relationships. The Facebook misuse research, also called Facebook addiction research, includes prevalence data, Facebook addiction scales, the effects of and the risk factors for Facebook addiction. The effects have included negative behaviors online and negative relationship outcomes. The risk factors have included intense Facebook usage, fear of missing out, mood states (loneliness, stress, depression and anxiety) and personality factors (extraversion and narcissism). Since most of the research has been cross-sectional, direction of effects cannot be determined. This literature is also limited by the almost exclusive use of self-report measures. Nonetheless, the research highlights the problematic use of Facebook by adolescents.
Electrical Cardioversion of Supraventricular Arryhthmia Patient with Septic Shock

Supraventricular arrythmia (SVA) is a very common cardiac rhythm problem experienced by patients in intensive care unit (ICU), which both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment could treat. Recently, electrical cardioversion has been proven in improving haemodynamic and functional status. We report a case of 59 years old female patient with VA and septic shock with unstable haemodynamic that was immediately improved after electrical cardioversion. The electrical cardioversion (preferably biphasic) is identified in the patient with an absence of oppositions and is more suitable in combination with antiarrhythmic agent. Case Report Electrical Cardioversion of Supraventricular Arryhthmia Patient with Septic Shock A. Pramitha
Neurocognitive and psychiatric markers for addiction: Common vs. specific (endo)phenotypes for opiate and stimulant dependence

BACKGROUND The differential utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits as putative addiction endophenotypes among individuals dependent on opiates vs. stimulants is unclear. The present study aims to determine: (1) whether neurocognitive impulsivity dimensions and externalizing/internalizing traits are correlated between siblings discordant for opiate and stimulant dependence; and (2) which of these associations are common across substances and which are substance-specific. METHOD Pearson correlations between individuals with ‘pure’ heroin and ‘pure’ amphetamine dependence and their unaffected biological siblings (n = 37 heroin sibling pairs; n = 30 amphetamine sibling pairs) were run on 10 neurocognitive measures, 6 externalizing measures, and 5 internalizing measures. Sibling pair effects were further examined using regression. RESULTS Siblings discordant for heroin dependence were significantly correlated on delay aversion on the Cambridge Gambling Task, risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, sensation seeking, and hopelessness. Siblings discordant for amphetamine dependence were significantly correlated on quality of decision-making on the Cambridge Gambling Task, discriminability on the Immediate Memory Task, commission errors on the Go/No-Go Task, trait impulsivity, ADHD, and anxiety sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Dimensions of impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits appear to aggregate among siblings discordant for substance dependence. Risk-taking propensity, sensation seeking, and hopelessness were specific for heroin sibling pairs. Motor/action impulsivity and trait impulsivity were specific to amphetamine sibling pairs. Decisional/choice impulsivity was common across both heroin and amphetamine sibling pairs. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/internalizing traits as candidate endophenotypes for substance dependence in general and for substance-specific dependencies.
Circadian Clock Genes and the Transcriptional Architecture of the Clock Mechanism.

The mammalian circadian clock has evolved as an adaptation to the 24-hour light/dark cycle on earth. Maintaining cellular activities in synchrony with the activities of the organism (such as eating and sleeping) helps different tissue and organ systems coordinate and optimize their performance. The full extent of the mechanisms by which cells maintain the clock are still under investigation, but involve a core set of clock genes that regulate large networks of gene transcription both by direct transcriptional activation/repression as well as the recruitment of proteins that modify chromatin states more broadly.
The wildlife-livestock interface modulates anthrax suitability in India

Anthrax is a potentially life-threatening bacterial disease that can circulate in wild and domestic animals and subsequently spillover to human contacts with devastating consequences for human and animal health, as well as livestock economies and ecosystem conservation. India has a high annual occurrence of anthrax in some regions, but a country-wide delineation of risk has not yet been undertaken. The current study modeled the geographic suitability of anthrax across India and its associated environmental features using a biogeographical application of machine learning. Both biotic and abiotic features contributed to risk across multiple scales of influence and the wildlife-livestock interface, using elephants as a wildlife sentinel species, was the dominant feature in delineating anthrax suitability. In addition, water-soil balance, soil chemistry, and historical forest loss were also influential. These findings suggest that the wildlife-livestock interface plays an important role in the cycling of anthrax in India. Prevention efforts targeted toward this interface, particularly within anthropogenic ecotones, may yield successes in reducing ongoing transmission between animal hosts and subsequent zoonotic transmission to humans.
Microbial contribution to duodenal purine flow in fattening cattle given concentrate diets, estimated by purine N labelling ( 15 N) of different microbial fractions

The origin of duodenal purine bases (PB) was studied in a digestion experiment with four heifers, cannulated in the rumen and duodenum, which received a basal concentrate (152 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM)) together with barley straw (85: 15 fresh weight basis) or the same concentrate supplemented with soya-bean meal, carbohydrate-treated soya-bean meal, maize gluten meal or fish meal to increase its protein content to 192 g/kg DM. Tr eatments were assigned to the four animals in five experimental periods according to an incomplete Latin-square design. Each 30-day period included 20 days of change-over adaptation and 10 days of experimental measurements. The flow of digesta entering the duodenum was estimated using Yb and acid-detergent insoluble ash as indigestible markers according to a double-marker system and microbial nitrogen (N) and PB were labelled with 15 N infused into the rumen. The proportion of duodenal PB of microbial origin estimated from 15 N enrichment of PB-N averaged 0·66 (s.e. 0·029) and did not differ between treatments nor when protozoa or bacteria associated with liquid (LAB) and solid (SAB) fractions were used as a reference sample. On average microbial contribution to duodenal non-ammonia N was higher when estimated from the PB/N ratio than from 15 N (0·67 v. 0·55 (s.e. 0·015)) although differences were small and not significant when LAB was the reference sample (0·58 v. 0·52 (s.e. 0·018)) reflecting the higher PB/N ratio of this fraction compared with SAB and protozoa (2·04 v. 1·65 and 1·60 (s.e. 0·04) mmol/g). Considering only the duodenal PB of microbial origin resulted in estimates of microbial N synthesis from the PB/N ratio of SAB similar to those derived from 15 N enrichment of both bacterial fractions (12·9 v. 13·5 and 13·3 (s.e. 0·83) g/kg of organic matter apparently digested in the rumen OMADR)) but underestimated the values derived from LAB (9·9 g/kg OMADR). Regardless of the estimation method, neither the duodenal flow of microbial N nor the efficiency of microbial synthesis differed between treatments. These results suggest that a significant proportion of duodenal PB have a non-microbial origin which may lead to overestimation of microbial yield when PB are used as a marker. Differences in PB/N ratio between microbial fractions is another important factor to be considered.