Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A principal component analysis of sport-specific isometric evaluation

The purpose of the study was to identify the sport-specific range of joint angles for the knee extensors' muscular strength during isometric evaluation. Twenty young female track and field jumpers (J) and 21 volleyball players (V), aged 13-19 years, participated in the study. The values of torque at the initial 200 ms (TINIT) and of maximum torque (TMAX) were determined from the torque-time curve at each knee angle. A 2 (Group) × 9 (Angle) ANOVA was applied to examine the between group differences of TINIT and TMAX. Principal component analysis (PCA) followed by varimax rotation was performed to investigate the angle sport-specificity of TINIT and TMAX. Track and field jumpers demonstrated higher torque values, however, these values did not yield statistical significance at all knee angles ( p> 0.05), either for TINIT or TMAX. PCAs revealed an angle sport-specific loading of TINIT and TMAX, which were heavier loaded on the first component at the angles closer to full knee extension and at the angles closer to knee flexion, in the track and field jumpers and the volleyball players, respectively. These findings provide evidence for the knee angles to be included in a more specialized sport-specific isometric evaluation.
Abstract 12737: Physiological Balance Between Nitric Oxide and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor Plays a Crucial Role in Cardiovascular Homeostasis

Background: The endothelium modulates vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs), including prostacyclin, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). The contribution of each EDRF to endothelium-dependent vasodilatation varies depending on the vessel size; conduit arteries are primarily regulated by NO and resistance arteries by EDHFs, regardless of species and blood vessels tested. We have recently demonstrated that caveolin-1 (Cav-1), which functionally inhibits the activity of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is substantially involved in the functional inhibition of eNOS in resistance vessels in mice. However, the significance of the physiological balance between NO and EDHF in cardiovascular homeostasis remains to be elucidated. Methods and Results: We used 3 genotypes of mice including wild-type (WT), Cav-1-knockout (Cav-1-KO) and endothelium-specific eNOS transgenic (eNOS-Tg) mice; in the latter 2 genotypes eNOS activity is genetically up-regulated. Isometric tension experiments showed that in small mesenteric arteries from both Cav-1-KO and eNOS-Tg, NO-mediated relaxations were significantly enhanced, whereas EDHF-mediated responses were markedly reduced (n=7 each). Langendorff experiments also showed that EDHF-mediated coronary flow responses were significantly reduced in both Cav-1-KO and eNOS-Tg (n=6 each). Furthermore, both genotypes showed altered cardiovascular phenotypes, including hypotension in eNOS-Tg and cardiac hypertrophy in Cav-1-KO. Finally, we examined the cardiac responses to chronic pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Both Cav-1-KO and eNOS-Tg showed reduced survival rate after TAC, associated with more progressive left ventricular systolic dysfunction and more reduced coronary flow reserves as compared with WT (n=15 each). Conclusions: These results indicate that the physiological balance between NO and EDHFs plays a crucial role in cardiovascular homeostasis in mice in vivo.
Zwischen Universalismus und Relativismus - Die europäische Idee der Menschenrechte

Menschenrechte sind Schutz- und Entwicklungsrechte, die bedingungslos fur alle Menschen an allen Orten gelten. Ihre ausdruckliche Formulierung haben sie im europaischen Kulturraum gefunden. Gegenwartig wird allerdings die uneingeschrankte Geltung des europaischen Menschenrechtsgedankens von unterschiedlichen relativistischen Positionen in Politik und Ethik mit Entschiedenheit bestritten. Sind diese Einwande stichhaltig? Oder wird mit der Ubernahme dieser Positionen die Traditionslinie der europaischen Ethik in falsch verstandene Relativierungsangebote aufgelost?
On the Failure in Heteroplastic Transplantation of Human Mammary Carcinomas into the Brains of Rats

If grafts of human cancer could be transplanted successfully to laboratory animals, many important observations could be assembled regarding the behavior of human cancer cells under various conditions. For example, there would thus be available a biological method for the study of the effective dosage of roentgen rays. The reports of Shirai (1) and Murphy and Sturm (2 and 3) that tumor transplants were possible into the brains of animals of a different species seemed to offer such a method. The following study is based on the attempted transplantation of human mammary carcinomas into the brains of albino rats. Cancers of the mammary gland were selected because they were less likely to be infected than other more exposed types. Under sterile precautions the tissue was taken from the operating room immediately after removal. Small whole grafts about 2 millimeters in diameter were selected from the actively growing edge of the cancer and inoculated into the right frontal lobes of a series of white rats. Ether anesthesia and aseptic technic were used throughout. As a rule a series of ten white rats were used for each breast cancer. After shaving, and preparing the skin with antiseptics, a small incision was made over the right frontal bone and a trephine hole was made with a dentist's drill through the bone rather far forward. The dura was then opened. The graft was handled with fine forceps and tamped into the cerebrum with a dentist's cavity plugger, care being taken to get the graft accurately placed in the cortex of the cerebral tissue. All the precautions recommended by Murphy and Sturm were carried out as accurately as possible. Closure of the skin was made with silk over the small trephine opening. No infection occurred in any of the animals. The animals were sacrificed at different intervals. The brains were removed and were hardened in formalin 10 per cent.
Identificación de errores de medicación en un hospital de primer nivel de Pereira, Colombia

Background. Medication errors are preventable events that may affect the health of hospitalized patients. Objective. Determine the frequency of occurrence of Medication errors and the variables that are associated with the presentation in a first level hospital. Materials and Methods. Descriptive observational study in patients older than 18 who were hospitalized between February 1 and March 9 2012 with all diagnoses. We assessed sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological variables from medical records. We evaluated the appropriateness of the medication for the diagnosis, contraindications, sufficiency and frequency of dosing, route of administration, duration of treatment and legibility of medical records of formulation. Results. We evaluated 96 patients, average age 59.7±18.8, male predominance (53.1%), average 2.8±1.2 days of hospitalization. The most frequent medication errors were missing record of length formulation (97.3%), no description of the drug presentation (72.1%), lack registration route of administration (29.9%), inadequate dose (9.8%), insufficient dose (8.2%), medication contraindicated (3.9%). Conclusions. The hospital prescription system should be improved with the addition of safer practices, continuing medical education programs, warning of interactions and reorganization of procedures for patient care.
Inkontinenzoperationen. Indikationen, Auswahl der Operationsmethode, Operationstechnik, Umgang mit Früh- und Spätkomplikationen

Kurzfassung: Inkontinenzoperationen sind dann indiziert, wenn konservative Behandlungen nicht zum Erfolg fuhren und ein operatives Konzept vorliegt, das bei vertretbarem Risiko eine erhebliche Besserung oder Heilung der Inkontinenz erwarten lasst. Der Operationserfolg wird gunstig beeinflusst durch gute Gewebevorbereitung, optimale Auswahl der Operationsmethode, operative Routine und gute postoperative Nachbetreuung/Langzeitprophylaxe. Goldstandard der Belastungsinkontinenzoperationen sind heute spannungsfreie Vaginalschlingen aus grobporigem Prolenenetz, eingelegt in Lokalanasthesie unter Analgosedation. Nur noch selten, meist als Zusatzeingriff bei abdominalen Operationen, sind invasivere Kolposuspensionsmethoden indiziert. Inkontinenzzusatzeingriffe bei Deszensusoperationen sind zuruckhaltend zu indizieren. Meist ist ein zweizeitiges Vorgehen vorteilhafter. Bei therapieresistenten Reizblasenbeschwerden/ Dranginkontinenz zeigen Botoxinjektionen sehr gute Erfolge. Bei Vesikovaginalfisteln sind vaginale Verschlusstechniken weniger invasiv als abdominale Eingriffe und bei guter Vorbereitung/Operationstechnik sehr erfolgreich. Operative Konzepte, praoperative Vorbehandlung, Auswahl der Operationsmethode, operationstechnische Details fur den Operationserfolg und zur Vorbeugung gegen und Behandlung von Komplikationen werden diskutiert.
The reality of international ophthalmic peri-operative training

For developed nations and developed regions, competency training and assessment in nursing has been the gold standard for the standardization of nursing practice. As national and international nursing communities continue to increase their interest and dependence on competencies, which ultimately offer patients a standardized and expected level of care, nurses are able to contribute to their career advancement and professional development through the simple task of completing a competency training and assessment programme at their place of work. While competency development is going into full throttle in developed nations of the world, the same competency standardization has not reached nurses in lesser developed nations with equal zeal, and nurses within these systems continue to fall behind their international counterparts. This paper follows the development initiative of ORBIS International to provide developing and emerging economy peri-operative ophthalmic nurses with the opportunity to access standa.
DSM-IV Guidebook

This work is the essential companion to "DSM-IV", written by the experts who developed that clinical tool. Designed for the clinician, this guidebook provides a comprehensive tour through DSM-IV by the individuals who were most involved in its development. It covers how and why DSM-IV developed the way it did, and presents a clear road map of the intricacies of the organisation of the DSM diagnostic system. In this detailed volume, the clinician will find an easy-to-use summary of the changes from DSM-III to DSM-IV; detailed descriptions and explanations of DSM-IV diagnoses; 24 decision trees covering the most common presenting symptoms encountered in everyday practice; a discussion of the historical and social context for DSM-IV; a special chapter discussing the increasingly important differential between primary mental disorders and disorders due to substance use or a general medical condition; and hundreds of items of clinical advice concerning diagnostic assessment.
The Association of Balanced Nutrition Practices with Stunting Among Adolescent Girls in School

Long-term inadequate intake of balanced nutrition can cause stunting. In West Sulawesi, the prevalence of stunting among girls is substantially high (38.1%) and very limited study in exploring the association between balanced nutrition practice with stunting among girls. This study aims to investigate the association of balanced nutrition practices with stunting among school girls. The cross-sectional study design was conducted in 4 senior high schools in Mamuju District. All girls from 4 schools (455 students) have participated in this study. Balanced diet practice data were collected by using questionnaire, while body height measured by microtoice (d = 0.1 cm). Data were analyzed was using the chi-square test. There were 34.1% adolescent girls classified as stunting, and have poor balanced diet practice was 21.5%. Adolescent girls who have poor balanced nutrition practices are even more stunted (44.9%) than those who have good practices (31.1%). Some foods as sources of protein, calcium, zinc, and iron such as milk (49.7%), beef (92.3%), chicken (60%), cheese (79.4%), nut (58.7%), and fruit (47.3%) were never and seldom consumed by some girls. Most of them do sport only one to two days a week (58.5%), while 89.1% of girls’ student never and seldom monitoring body weight every month. There was an association between poor balanced diet practice with stunting in adolescent girls (p = 0.012). Poorly balanced diet practice influence of stunting in adolescent girls. The intervention by educating adolescent girls in school-related balance nutrition practice is urgently needed.
Estratégias cooperativas no setor florestal corticeiro alentejano oitocentista, um fator de desenvolvimento? (1852-1914)

No seculo XIX, a regiao do Alentejo era ja a principal zona de producao flo estal de cortica de Portugal e, consequentemente, do planeta. Neste contexto, dezenas de empresas industriais atuaram no mercado flo estal de cortica da regiao com o objetivo de adquirir materia-prima, o que poderia ter levado a formacao de um mercado altamente concorrencial. No entanto, ao inves de competirem isoladamente, quer as grandes empresas industriais, de caracter multinacional, quer as pequenas empresas, a grande maioria de origem algarvia, utilizaram estrategias de cooperacao que lhes permitiram obter vantagens em termos de precos, custos de transacao, custos de informacao, entre outros. Neste artigo analisam-se essas estrategias, concluindo-se que as mesmas foram um fator de desenvolvimento da industria corticeira presente no Alentejo.
Orbital tumors: a systematic review: part I

The orbit is a relatively small anatomical area. Space-occupying lesions generally increase orbital volume and can result in proptosis of the globe and adversely affect visual acuity and extraocular muscle function, leading to decreased vision and diplopia. Orbital tumors comprise a group of diverse tumors from benign to malignant diseases. Orbital tumors can be classified into pediatric (≤18 years) or adult (>18 years) orbital tumors. The most common pediatric orbital tumors are dermoid cyst, capillary hemangioma and rhabdomyosarcoma. The top adult orbital tumors are lymphoid tumors, cavernous hemangioma, lacrimal gland tumors and idiopathic orbital inflammation. Several important developments have occurred both in clinical management and pathologic evaluation of orbital tumors. A new classification system (ISSVA) was devised for orbital vascular tumors. Capillary hemangiomas are now treated preferentially with oral β-blocker agents, and lymphangiomas can be reduced with sildenafil.
Optimizing the ambiance during mealtimes in Dutch nursing homes

Als bewoners van verpleeghuizen gezellig samen aan tafel de maaltijd gebruiken, voelen ze zich aantoonbaar gezonder. Bovendien blijft hun lichaamsgewicht beter op peil en verslechtert hun mogelijkheid om nog redelijk te bewegen minder snel.
PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS AMONG PRODUCTION LINE WORKERS IN A PRINTING MANUFACTURING COMPANY, MALAYSIA

Background: Leading cause of occupational injury in the developed and developing countries relates to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and also is a main cause of work- related disability and lost-time illnesses. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among printing production line workers and to examine the relationship between musculoskeletal symptom and individual risk factors. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a commercial printing company in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Respondents were randomly selected based on the inclusive criteria and a total of 250 printing production line workers were involved in the study. An Interview section of each respondent was conducted to obtain the information and musculoskeletal symptoms through validated Malay version of Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ). Result: The response rate was 85.9%. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 79.6%. The most common musculoskeletal symptoms were from the lower back (48.0%), shoulders (44.4%), knees (32.8%), and neck (29.6%). Respondents to be a male, heavy body weight, and high body mass index (BMI) had significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms on lower back (p<0.05). There were significant association between heavy body weight and long duration of employment with musculoskeletal symptoms on knees (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among the printing production line workers was high and it was related to a person’s individual factors. Gender, weight, BMI, and duration of employment were implied increase risk of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD). Keyword: Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD), printing workers, Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ)
The effect of a knee ankle foot orthosis on lower limb kinematics and kinetics in an individual with varus knee alignment

Introduction: Increased knee loading and a varus knee deformity have been linked with progression of knee osteoarthritis and thus, reducing both of these are key treatment principles. There are different types of orthoses which are recommended to correct knee load and varus deformity, for individuals with medial knee OA, with knee valgus braces being one of these. However, these braces have been found not to reduce knee load, nor varus deformity effectively due to the need for a high force to be applied on the knee which consequently alters kinematics at the knee and hip. In order to overcome these limitations, a knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO) may be an option. However, no such study has assessed the effect a KAFO has on the knee joint during walking and stair climbing and if it is more effective than knee valgus braces. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to assess the effectiveness of a knee-ankle-foot-orthosis (KAFO) on the kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb in the sagittal and frontal planes compared to a custom made and off-the-shelf (OTS) knee valgus braces during walking and stair climbing. Methods: One male individual (43 years) with 10 degrees of knee varus deformity was assessed in a control shoe, OTS and a custom made UnloaderOne knee valgus brace, and a custom-made KAFO during walking and stair climbing. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were collected where the maxima and minima of the sagittal and coronal plane angles and moments were assessed with a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The KAFO significantly reduced external knee adduction moment (EKAM), knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), knee varus angle, and ankle eversion compared to both valgus knee braces. In addition, the KAFO significantly improved the knee and hip flexion angles and hip range of motion in sagittal plane during level walking compared to the shoe and OTS. Neither the custom nor the OTS knee valgus braces significantly reduced EKAM or knee varus compared to the shoe. Conclusion: The KAFO has been shown to reduce knee loading and knee deformity in this individual, and much better than the commonly used knee valgus braces. From the increased lever arm and improved fit, this could be a potential avenue for treatment of these impairments in individuals when other conservative options are not successful.
Psychosocial Correlates of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in People Living with HIV in Kenya

PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF ADHERENCE TO ART IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN KENYA Thomas M Kamau Seton Hall University 2010 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) dramatically slows the progression of HIVIAIDS, reduces incidences of opportunistic infections, and significantly extends the survival time of people living with HIV. The proportion of men and women living with HIV who are being prescribed ART has exponentially grown from less than 10% in 2003 to over 75% in 2009. However, nonadherence to the ART may result in virologic failure to suppress HIV adequately, which may cause development of drug resistant strains. Consequently, the benefits of ART may be lost. Furthermore, HIV strains may be sexually transmitted from those who are nonadherent to other persons. This study sought to determine whether individuals' perceptions of availability of social support and coping self-efficacy influence adherence to ART in people living with HIV in Kenya. A cross-sectional study design using questionnaires was conducted at nine comprehensive care and treatment centers managed by a major healthcare provider sewing populations in the central metropolitan city of Nairobi, Kenya. Data were collected from a convenience sample (N = 354) of men and women who were prescribed ART. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), Coping Self-Efficacy (CSE) Scale, and Adult Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Adherence Questionnaires were used to collect data. Social support and coping self-efficacy were predictive of adherence to ART. The composite measure of social support accounted for 24.2%. Tangible and emotional dimensions of social support were the strongest predictor variables for adherence to ART among the four dimensions of social support. Although coping self-efficacy (CSE) was a significant predictor of adherence to ART, it ceased being a significant predictor when the effect of social support on adherence to ART was controlled. Social support was predictive of CSE, accounting for 13.2% of variance in CSE. Emotional, informational, and belonging support were statistically significant predictors of CSE, but tangible support was not. A model with the three significant dimensions of support accounted for about 14% of variation in CSE. Thus, significant relations exist between social support, CSE, and adherence to ART, as measured by self-report for the previous 4 days. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
L’évaluation du risque cardiaque avant l’utilisation de stimulants chez les enfants et les adolescents

Il est demontre que le traitement pharmacologique par des stimulants reduit les symptomes associes au trouble de deficit de l’attention avec hyperactivite (TDAH), et ce traitement fait partie des recommandations therapeutiques de l’American Academy of Pediatrics pour les enfants presentant ce trouble (1,2). Cependant, de recentes decisions en matiere de reglementation sur l’homologation et l’etiquetage des medicaments contre le TDAH (3,4), ainsi qu’un recent document de principes de l’American Heart Association (5), une correction et une reponse (clarification) de l’American Academy of Pediatrics (6,7), ont souleve des questions sur l’evaluation et la therapie du TDAH que preconisent les praticiens canadiens. La pratique canadienne actuelle dans le domaine de la pharmacotherapie du TDAH et du depistage cardiovasculaire est mixte, et il y a peu de consensus quant a l’evaluation pertinente des enfants avant d’instaurer la pharmacotherapie du TDAH (8). Les avis sont encore plus partages au sujet de l’innocuite du traitement des enfants ayant subi une refection ou une palliation de leur cardiopathie congenitale (CPC) et qui prennent des medicaments contre le TDAH (8). Afin d’orienter les medecins canadiens qui soignent les enfants ayant un TDAH et de clarifier la situation, la Societe canadienne de pediatrie, la Societe canadienne de cardiologie et l’Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent ont prepare conjointement le present document de principes. Il contient des recommandations consensuelles sur l’evaluation du risque cardiaque chez les enfants ayant un TDAH a qui on envisage d’administrer des stimulants. Il ne s’attarde pas au diagnostic de TDAH, ni aux bienfaits therapeutiques des stimulants. De meme, il n’aborde pas le bien-fonde ou les risques relatifs d’un medicament par rapport a un autre au sein de cette population de patients. Enfin, les medicaments non stimulants utilises dans le traitement du TDAH, y compris l’atomoxetine, les antidepresseurs et les agonistes alpha-adrenergiques, ne font pas l’objet d’une analyse particuliere.