Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical recognition of CpG motifs expressed by immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs trigger human PBMC to proliferate and secrete Ig, cytokines and chemokines. CpG ODN have entered clinical trials, and show promise as vaccine adjuvants, antiallergens, and for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. ODNs under consideration for human use vary in the sequence, number and location of the CpG motifs they contain. Yet little is known of the magnitude of the immune response elicited by these diverse ODNs, or the rules governing their interaction with immune cells. This work compares the proliferative, IgM, IL‐6 and IP‐10 response of PBMC from normal donors to a diverse panel of CpG ODNs. Results indicate that ODNs expressing 3–4 different CpG motifs are strongly stimulatory. The location of these motifs is important, with those at the 5′ end exerting the greatest influence on ODN activity. These findings provide a basis for the rational design of ODNs optimized for clinical use.
A Review of Climate‐Change Adaptation Strategies for Wildlife Management and Biodiversity Conservation

Abstract: The scientific literature contains numerous descriptions of observed and potential effects of global climate change on species and ecosystems. In response to anticipated effects of climate change, conservation organizations and government agencies are developing “adaptation strategies” to facilitate the adjustment of human society and ecological systems to altered climate regimes. We reviewed the literature and climate‐change adaptation plans that have been developed in United States, Canada, England, México, and South Africa and found 16 general adaptation strategies that relate directly to the conservation of biological diversity. These strategies can be grouped into four broad categories: land and water protection and management; direct species management; monitoring and planning; and law and policy. Tools for implementing these strategies are similar or identical to those already in use by conservationists worldwide (land and water conservation, ecological restoration, agrienvironment schemes, species translocation, captive propagation, monitoring, natural resource planning, and legislation/regulation). Although our review indicates natural resource managers already have many tools that can be used to address climate‐change effects, managers will likely need to apply these tools in novel and innovative ways to meet the unprecedented challenges posed by climate change.
Interleukin 1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in endometriotic tissue and in endometrium.

OBJECTIVE To compare the levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha in endometriotic tissue and in endometrium from women with endometriosis and healthy controls. DESIGN Open. SETTING Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a university hospital. PATIENT(S) Twenty-six women with endometriosis and 22 controls operated on for clinical indications. INTERVENTION(S) ELISA in homogenized tissue samples collected during surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha in tissue homogenates. RESULT(S) The three types of tissue differed significantly with respect to all three cytokines. Endometriotic tissue had significantly higher concentrations of IL-1beta than endometrium from both patients with endometriosis and healthy controls. Both endometriotic tissue and endometrium from patients had significantly higher concentrations of IL-6, and endometriotic tissue had significantly lower concentration of TNFalpha than did endometrium from controls. IL-1beta showed a cycle phase dependence that was significant in endometrium from patients, being higher in the secretory than in the follicular phase. IL-1beta was significantly higher in endometrioma than in lesions of other localizations. Concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-6 were positively correlated in endometriotic tissue and in endometrium from controls. No other significant correlations were found. CONCLUSION(S) This study has shown a significant production of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha in endometriotic tissue and endometrium, with significant differences between the tissue types, indicating a deviating cytokine pattern in both endometriotic tissue and endometrium from women with endometriosis compared with that from healthy controls.
Effect of inspiratory flow rate on respiratory sensation and pattern of breathing.

We examined the effect of inspiratory flow rate (IFR) on respiratory sensation during mechanical ventilation in 10 normal subjects. We adjusted the ventilator tidal volume (VT), frequency, and IFR until subjects indicated that they were maximally comfortable ("comfort IFR"). Subjects then rated breathing discomfort on a visual analog scale (VAS) while IFR was varied among four levels: 70%, 100%, 200%, and 300% of the comfort IFR. When compared with VAS ratings at the comfort IFR (4.4 +/- 1.2, mean +/- SEM), VAS ratings were significantly greater at the lowest (i.e., 70% comfort; 12.1 +/- 2.1) and highest (300% comfort; 8.2 +/- 0.9) IFR; there was no difference in ratings between the comfort IFR and 200% comfort IFR. At the lowest IFR, the breathing discomfort arose in the chest and had an air hunger-like quality; at high IFR, the discomfort arose in the upper airway. In the second portion of the study, subjects used open magnitude estimation to rate breaths of five different sizes at three different IFR (70%, 100%, and 200% of comfort rate). Neither the exponent nor intercept for VT perception differed among the three IFR. Our results demonstrate that although IFR does not alter magnitude estimation of breath size, deviations of IFR from that desired by the subject may greatly affect respiratory comfort.
Novel MIMO antenna using Complementary Split Ring Resonator(CSRR) for LTE applications

A small multiband-printed antenna for multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) communication system using metamaterial structure is proposed as well as the whole concepts of miniaturization are introduced. To reduce the mutual coupling between two multi-band antennas, we develop a compact stop-band filter loaded with Complementary Split Ring Resonator Transmission Line (CSRR-TL) on ground plane. A resonant frequency obtained with high isolation value is f0 = 2.33GHz. Total small patch size is 0. 20λ0 × 0. 11λ0 with 1.6 mm thickness. The novel MIMO antenna for Long Term Evolution (LTE) is fabricated by using low cost FR4 (εr = 4.4) substrate. Both the simulated and measured results are shown to illustrate the performances of the proposed antenna.
ProNGF, Sortilin, and Age‐related Neurodegeneration

Abstract: Several studies have sought to demonstrate that neurodegeneration during disease and in old age is associated with reduced neurotrophic support. Little positive evidence has been forthcoming, either in relation to the availability of neurotrophins or to expression and function of the relevant receptors. Recently, a novel way in which neurotrophins could contribute to neurodegeneration has been suggested. In contrast to the well‐known neurotrophic functions of the mature β‐form of nerve growth factor (mNGF), its precursor proNGF has recently been shown to be abundant in the adult brain and in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. proNGF is synthesized as 25 and 32 kDa isoforms, which are glycosylated to form a principal 40 kDa species. Studies of the cortical targets of NGF‐responsive basal forebrain neurons show that the 40 kDa form of proNGF is secreted in response to nerve stimulation, along with the proteases needed to generate the 13 kDa mNGF, or to degrade it. We have recently found that levels of 40 kDa proNGF are elevated in the aging brain and also in targets of peripheral NGF‐responsive neurons. proNGF has been shown to be neurotoxic when bound in a heterotrimer with the p75 receptor and the receptor sortilin (identical to the neurotensin receptor NTS3). Interestingly, we find that sortilin levels increase in aged central and peripheral neurons, perhaps making these neurons more vulnerable to age‐related increases in proNGF. Whether elevated levels of proNGF in targets or of sortilin in neurons contribute to known patterns of age‐ and disease‐related neurodegeneration has not been previously investigated. Using in vitro models, our preliminary data now indicate that proNGF is indeed neurotoxic for aged, but not young, NGF‐responsive basal forebrain and sympathetic neurons and that blockade of sortilin rescues proNGF‐induced cell death. We therefore propose that increased proNGF in targets combined with increased sortilin expression in projecting neurons contributes to age‐related neuronal atrophy and degeneration.
Electricity storage for distributed generation in the built environment

Some of the sources of distributed electricity generation in the built environment with a high potential for application cannot be scheduled: for example, solar and some forms of combined heat and power generation. One of the mechanisms to allow a substantial contribution of these intermittent electricity sources in future grids is electricity storage. We have evaluated a number of business cases for financially beneficial operation of electricity storage in case of small users in the built environment. Financially most attractive is the case in which generated electricity is stored for own use at a later time. A storage system has been built, which will be used to validate these theoretical findings and to compare actual benefits of the different approaches to energy management
Nephrogenic Adenoma: A Report of 3 Unusual Cases Infiltrating Into Perinephric Adipose Tissue

Nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary bladder, where they present most frequently, are typically confined to the lamina propria but can on occasion focally involve the superficial muscularis propria. Less commonly, nephrogenic adenoma involves the renal pelvis and ureter where again they almost always only involve the lamina propria. We identified 3 consult cases in which tubules of nephrogenic adenoma extensively involved the muscularis propria and focally infiltrated the perinephric adipose tissue, for which the contributing pathologists considered the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. In 1 case, that of a 71-year-old man, the lesion was associated with a hemorrhagic renal cyst (3.0 cm) and a spontaneous retroperitoneal bleed (6.0 cm) of unknown origin. In the second case, that of a 73-year-old woman, 2 foci (2.2, 1.6 cm) were present in the renal pelvis. They developed after biopsy of a low-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma in the same site complicated by perforation. The third case was that of a 20-year-old woman with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and severe hydronephrosis associated with renal calculi. In all cases, the lesions were positive for CK7 and PAX8. These 3 cases report the novel finding that nephrogenic adenoma can occasionally have a deep infiltrative pattern into perinephric adipose tissue, possibly as a result of either biopsy-associated perforation or extensive disruption due to hemorrhage or mechanical obstruction. Awareness of this worrisome infiltration pattern, although rare, can prevent a misdiagnosis of an infiltrating carcinoma.
In male rats, the ability of central insulin to suppress glucose production is impaired by olanzapine, whereas glucose uptake is left intact.

BACKGROUND Insulin receptors are widely expressed in the brain and may represent a crossroad between metabolic and cognitive disorders. Although antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, are the cornerstone treatment for schizophrenia, they are associated with high rates of type 2 diabetes and lack efficacy for illness-related cognitive deficits. Historically, this risk of diabetes was attributed to the weight gain propensity of antipsychotics, but recent work suggests antipsychotics can have weight-independent diabetogenic effects involving unknown brain-mediated mechanisms. Here, we examined whether antipsychotics disrupt central insulin action, hypothesizing that olanzapine would impair the well-established ability of central insulin to supress hepatic glucose production. METHODS Pancreatic euglycemic clamps were used to measure glucose kinetics alongside a central infusion of insulin or vehicle into the third ventricle. Male rats were pretreated with olanzapine or vehicle per our established model of acute olanzapine-induced peripheral insulin resistance. Groups included (central-peripheral) vehicle-vehicle (n = 11), insulin-vehicle (n = 10), insulin-olanzapine (n = 10) and vehicle-olanzapine (n = 8). RESULTS There were no differences in peripheral glucose or insulin levels. Unexpectedly, we showed that central insulin increased glucose uptake, and this effect was not perturbed by olanzapine. We replicated suppression of glucose production by insulin (clamp relative to basal: 77.9% ± 13.1%, all p < 0.05), an effect abolished by olanzapine (insulin-olanzapine: 7.7% ± 14%). LIMITATIONS This study used only male rats and an acute dose of olanzapine. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting olanzapine may impair central insulin sensing, elucidating a potential mechanism of antipsychotic-induced diabetes and opening avenues of investigation related to domains of schizophrenia psychopathology.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Cu2O/ZnO Nanoparticles at Present of Folic Acid to Improve UV‐Protective Effect of Cotton Fabrics

In this study, the effect of using folic acid on the in situ synthesis process of nanostructures has been investigated. Folic acid, as a biotemplate for synthesis of Cu2O/ZnO, was used to improve the reducing and stabilizing the ability of cotton fabric and avoid agglomeration of the particles. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that using folic acid caused the formation of particles with smaller sizes on the cotton fabric and X‐ray diffraction confirmed the same crystalline pattern of nanoparticles in comparison with the previous synthesis process. The effect of using this biotemplate on different properties of treated fabrics including UV‐protection effect, hydrophilicity, crease recovery angle, softness, thickness and mechanical properties has been evaluated. The folic acid had a great influence on UV‐protection effect, in synthesis procedure, decreasing the droplet absorption time, bending length and improving the wrinkle resistance and mechanical properties. Interestingly, the higher tensile strength of the treated cotton fabrics proved the incorporation of nanoparticles into the cotton fibers. An in situ, green and rapid method can be provided by using folic acid for the synthesis of the nanostructures with controlled size.
Conflict and Competition over Multi-Issues

Abstract Real life disputes, negotiations and competitive situations involve multi-issue considerations in which the final outcome depends on the aggregated effort over several dimensions. We consider two allocation systems, the I-system, in which each issue is disputed and award independently, and the A-system, in which all issues are aggregate in a single prize award. In the A-system, we propose a contest success function that aggregates the individuals’ multi-issue efforts in a single outcome. Among other results, we found that the A-system tends to induce higher total effort than the I-system. The model is also able to reproduce a large set of strategic behaviors. For instance, under decreasing returns to effort, individuals maximize their payoffs by distributing effort over all issues, while under increasing returns to effort, individuals focus on a single issue. Hybrid equilibria, in which one individual focus in a single issue while the other individual diversifies effort over all issues, may also emerge when individuals hold different returns to effort. Strategic behavior is simultaneously influenced by the weight of each issue on the final outcome and by comparative advantages. Throughout the manuscript, we link our results with strategic behavior observed in electoral competition, i.e., “issue ownership”,“issue divergence/convergence”and“common value issues”. We expect that our findings will help researchers and practitioners to better understand the process of endogenous selection of issues in competitive contexts and to provide guidance in the implementation of the optimal allocation mechanism.
Visual Acuity in a Species of Coral Reef Fish: Rhinecanthus aculeatus

Coral reef fish present the human observer with an array of bold and contrasting patterns; however, the ability of such fish to perceive these patterns is largely unexamined. To understand this, the visual acuity of these animals - the degree to which they can resolve fine detail - must be ascertained. Behavioural studies are few in number and anatomical analysis has largely focused on estimates of ganglion cell density to predict the visual acuity in coral reef fish. Here, we report visual acuity measures for the triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus. Acuity was first assessed using a series of behavioural paradigms and the figures were then contrasted with those obtained anatomically, based on photoreceptor and ganglion cell counts. Behavioural testing indicated an upper behavioural acuity of 1.75 cycles·degree-1, which is approximately the same level of acuity as that of the goldfish (Carassiusauratus). Anatomical estimates were then calculated from wholemount analysis of the photoreceptor layer and Nissl staining of cells within the ganglion cell layer. Both of these anatomical measures gave estimates that were substantially larger (7.75 and 3.4 cycles·degree-1 for the photoreceptor cells and ganglion cells, respectively) than the level of acuity indicated by the behavioural tests. This indicates that in this teleost species spatial resolution is poor compared to humans (30-70 cycles·degree-1) and it is also not well indicated by anatomical estimates.
Thermal conductivity of sputtered oxide films.

The thermal conductivity of oxide thin films deposited using dc, rf, and ion-beam sputtering is measured in the temperature range 80--400 K using the 3{omega} method. Thermal conductivity data for amorphous thin films of SiO{sub 2} are nearly identical to bulk {ital a}-SiO{sub 2}. Data for amorphous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, while having a magnitude and temperature dependence similar to bulk amorphous oxides, show a dependence on deposition method; rf sputtering of an Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} target produces films with a thermal conductivity 35% smaller than films prepared by ion-beam sputtering. Microcrystalline thin films show a rich variety of behavior: the conductivity of TiO{sub 2} films depends on the substrate tempreature {ital T}{sub {ital s}} and approaches the thermal conductivity of bulk TiO{sub 2} ceramics when {ital T}{sub {ital s}}{congruent}400 {degree}C; HfO{sub 2} films show glasslike thermal conductivity independent of annealing temperature up to 900 {degree}C; and MgO films display a crystalline thermal conductivity that is greatly reduced relative bulk values.
A 79 GHz Phase-Modulated 4 GHz-BW CW Radar Transmitter in 28 nm CMOS

Millimeter-wave sensors perform robust and accurate remote motion sensing. We propose a 28 nm CMOS Radar TX that modulates a 79 GHz carrier with a 2 Gsps Pseudo-Noise sequence. The measured modulated output power at 79 GHz in 4 GHz BW is higher than +11 dBm (27°C), while the spurious emissions are below -20 dBc, fully satisfying the spectral mask regulations. The output RF BW where we can lock the injection-locked LO is 13 GHz. Overall, the TX draws 121 mW from a 0.9 V supply resulting in a record efficiency above 10%. More importantly, the TX is functional up to 125°C still providing more than +7 dBm output power over the same RF BW.
Marketing Mix: A Review of 'P'

There has been a lot of debate in identifying the list of marketing mix elements. The traditional marketing mix by McCarthy (1964) has regrouped Bordens (1965) 12 elements and has comprised to four elements of product, price, promotion and place. A number of researchers have additionally suggested adding people, process and physical evidence decisions (Booms and Bitner, 1981; Fifield and Gilligan, 1996). The other suggested Ps are personnel, physical assets and procedures (Lovelock, 1996; Goldsmith, 1999); personalisation (Goldsmith, 1999); publications (Melewar and Saunders, 2000); partnerships (Reppel, 2003); premium price, preference of company or product, portion of overall customer budget and permanence of overall relationship longevity (Arussy, 2005); and 2P+2C+3S formula (Otlacan, 2005), therefore personalisation, privacy, customer Service, community, site, security and sales promotion.
Conducting Monetary Policy under a Fully - Fledged Islamic Financial System

This paper outlines recent developments in Islamic monetary policy instruments that central bank can use to manage monetary policy. It provides details on Islamic monetary policy instruments suggested by researchers and practically adopted by central bank of Sudan (CBS). In addition, the paper assesses the contribution of Islamic monetary policy instruments adopted by CBS in achieving the goal of price stability.
Kinetics and EMG analysis of double - legged landing among Reserve Officer Training Unit (ROTU) trainee

During landing, the double - legged landing strategy is preferred as it provides stability and minimizes injury risk in various activities that involve different magnitudes of ground reaction force (GRF). Factors such as height, load and landing types during double - legged landing contribute to the injuries of ROTU trainee during military activities. This study compares knee flexion angle, maximum knee flexion angle, peak vertical ground reaction forces and muscle activity. In this study, 14 subjects (7 males and 7 females) with normal body mass index and no history of ACL injuries involved. Firstly, they performed different types of double-legged landing with constant height 40cm, follow with different heights of 20-60cm with constant double-legged landing and lastly different load (1kg and 2kg) will apply on their leg with constant height and landing type. Force plate and motion-capture system are used to capture kinetic data, while Myomonitor is used to analyze muscle activity. As a result, soft landing style is the best way of landing since it exhibits the lowest peak GRF and higher knee flexion angles compare to other landing. The knee flexion angle at initial contact, the maximum knee flexion and peak GRF increase with the increment of landing height. Males show a higher peak GRF and knee flexion angle during the increment of landing height and load compare than females. Moreover, the use of muscle is higher in females compare than males during the increment of load and landing heights.