Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma Diagnostics of Transition Region “Moss” using SOHO/CDS and TRACE

Recent observations of solar active regions with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) have revealed finely textured, low-lying EUV emission, called the "moss," appearing as a bright dynamic pattern with dark inclusions. The moss has been interpreted as the upper transition region by Berger and coworkers. In this study we use SOHO Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer and TRACE observations of Active Region 8227 on 1998 May 30 to determine the physical parameters of the moss material. We establish that the plasma responsible for the moss emission has a temperature range of (0.6-1.5) × 106 K and is associated with hot loops (T > 2 × 106 K). Moss plasma has an electron density of (2-5) × 109 cm-3 at a temperature of 1.3 × 106 K, giving a pressure of 0.7-1.7 dynes cm-2 (a few times higher than in coronal loops observed in the TRACE Fe IX/X λ171 passband). The volume filling factor of the moss plasma is of order 0.1, and the path along which the emission originates is of order 1000 km long.
Person–organization fit and the war for talent: does diversity management make a difference?

This study investigates the importance of diversity management in applicants' job choice decisions. According to the person–organization fit theory, individuals make assessments of fit between their personal values and the values of the organizations, and they make job choice decisions based on these assessments. A survey of 113 MBA job seekers concluded that women and ethnic minorities found diversity management to be important when accepting offers of employment. In addition, high achievers and new immigrants rated organizations with diversity management as more attractive as potential employers. The findings suggest a need to place a higher emphasis on diversity management in women and minority applicant attraction.
Community-driven Consolidated Linked Data Community-driven Consolidated Linked Data Technologies Used

INTRODUCTION Linked data is a method of exposing, sharing and connecting data on the Semantic Web. It provides the mechanisms for publishing and interlinking structured data into a Web of Data. This forms a data commons where people and organizations can post and consume data about anything. Due to the network effect, usefulness of data increases the more it is linked with other data. Organizations benefit by being in this global data network, accessible to both people and machines. Linked data can be fully realized with existing technologies maintaining compatibility with legacy applica-ABSTRACT User-generated content can help the growth of linked data. However, there are a lack of interfaces enabling ordinary people to author linked data. Secondly, people have multiple perspectives on the same concept and different contexts. Thirdly, there are not enough ontologies to model various data. Therefore, the authors of this chapter propose an approach to enable people to share various data through an easy-to-use social platform. Users define their own concepts and multiple conceptualizations are allowed. These are consolidated using semi-automatic schema alignment techniques supported by the community. Further, concepts are grouped semi-automatically by similarity. As a result of consolidation and grouping , informal lightweight ontologies emerge gradually. The authors have implemented a social software system, called StYLiD, to realize the approach. It can serve as a platform motivating people to bookmark and share different things. It may also drive vertical portals for specific communities with integrated data from multiple sources. Some experimental observations support the validity of the approach. tions while exposing data from them. Thus, linked data is a significant practical movement towards However, some issues still remain which need to be addressed for wider adoption of linked data. Firstly, it is not obvious how ordinary people, without any technical expertise, can publish and share linked data directly. Linked data research can benefit from the combination of Semantic Web and social web techniques. A lot of data on the web comes from the people. However, there is a lack of human interfaces to publish linked data explicitly. So people still share unstructured data and it is hard to derive semantic structure and links from such contents. Secondly, the fact that there may be multiple perspectives on the same concept, different aspects or contexts to be considered, is often ignored. In the distributed web, different parties may have different schemas or conceptualizations for the same type …
Differential geometry via infinitesimal displacements

We present a new formulation of some basic differential geometric notions on a smooth manifold M, in the setting of nonstandard analysis. In place of classical vector fields, for which one needs to construct the tangent bundle of M, we define a prevector field, which is an internal map from ∗ M to itself, implementing the intuitive notion of vectors as infinitesimal displacements. We introduce regularity conditions for prevector fields, defined by finite differences, thus purely combinatorial conditions involving no analysis. These conditions replace the more elaborate analytic regularity conditions appearing in previous similar approaches, e.g. by Stroyan and Luxemburg or Lutz and Goze. We define the flow of a prevector field by hyperfinite iteration of the given prevector field, in the spirit of Euler’s method. We define the Lie bracket of two prevector fields by appropriate iteration of their commutator. We study the properties of flows and Lie brackets, particularly in relation with our proposed regularity conditions. We note several simple applications to the classical setting, such as bounds related to the flow of vector fields, analysis of small oscillations of a pendulum, and an instance of Frobenius’ Theorem regarding the complete integrability of independent vector fields.
Elementos para un relato de la gobernanza del Sistema Vasco de Servicios Sociales

espanolEl Sistema Vasco de Servicios Sociales se presenta, en multitud de ocasiones, como un sistema joven y fragmentado. A la luz de esta realidad, ? cuales son los elementos que determinan su gobernanza? , ? como se han configurado y cual es su influencia en la construccion del sistema? El presente articulo analiza los elementos principales para entender la gobernanza del Sistema Vasco de Servicios Sociales y configura un relato partiendo de un resumen del analisis cualitativo de una investigacion doctoral realizada a tal efecto. EuskaraGizarte Zerbitzuen Euskal Sistema sistema gazte eta banatu bezala ikusten da askotan. Errealitate honen argitan, zeintzuk dira sistemaren gobernantza baldintzatzen duten elementuak? Nola eratu dira eta zein da sistemaren eraikuntzan izan duten eragina? Galdera hauetatik abiatuz artikulu honek elementu nagusienak bildu eta hauetatik abiatuz errelato bat osatzen du, horretarako egindako ikerketa doktoral baten analisi kualitatiboaren zati bat erabiliaz.
Geology of 243 Ida

Abstract The surface of 243 Ida is dominated by the effects of impacts. No complex crater morphologies are observed. A complete range of crater degradation states is present, which also reveals optical maturation of the surface (darkening and reddening of materials with increasing exposure age). Regions of bright material associated with the freshest craters might be ballistically emplaced deposits or the result of seismic disturbance of loosely-bound surface materials. Diameter/depth ratios for fresh craters on Ida are ∼1:6.5, similar to Gaspra results, but greater than the 1:5 ratios common on other rocky bodies. Contributing causes include rim degradation by whole-body “ringing,” relatively thin ejecta blankets around crater rims, or an extended strength gradient in near-surface materials due to low gravitational self-packing. Grooves probably represent expressions in surface debris of reactivated fractures in the deeper interior. Isolated positive relief features as large as 150 m are probably ejecta blocks related to large impacts. Evidence for the presence of debris on the surface includes resolved ejecta blocks, mass-wasting scars, contrasts in color and albedo of fresh crater materials, and albedo streaks oriented down local slopes. Color data indicate relatively uniform calcium abundance in pyroxenes and constant pyroxene/olivine ratio. A large, relatively blue unit across the northern polar area is probably related to regolith processes involving ejecta from Azzurra rather than representing internal compositional heterogeneity. A small number of bluer, brighter craters are randomly distributed across the surface, unlike on Gaspra where these features are concentrated along ridges. This implies that debris on Ida is less mobile and/or consistently thicker than on Gaspra. Estimates of the average depth of mobile materials derived from chute depths (20–60 m), grooves (≥30 m), and shallowing of the largest degraded craters (20–50 m minimum, ∼100 m maximum) suggest a thickness of potentially mobile materials of ∼50 m, and a typical thickness for the debris layer of 50–100 m.
Vrednotenje mer podobnosti med strukturnimi tenzorji za poravnavo 3D in 2D slik

Povzetek. Ključni gradnik sistema za slikovno vodenje kirurških posegov je prostorska poravnava predoperativnih slik, ki so običajno tridimenzionalne (3D) in namenjene diagnostiki in načrtovanju posega, z medoperativno zajetimi slikami, ki so zaradi potrebe po hitrem in preprostem zajemu omejene na dvodimenzionalne (2D) slikovne tehnike, kot npr. rentgen. Za klinično uporabo poravnave v sistemih vodenja sta pomembni lastnosti predvsem računski čas in zanesljivost poravnave, natančnost pa mora biti na ravni koraka vzorčenja slik. Na te lastnosti pomembno vpliva mera podobnosti (MP) med 3D in 2D slikami. V članku obravnavamo postopek poravnave, ki temelji na merjenju ujemanja strukturnih tenzorjev med 3D in 2D slikami. Vrednotenje lastnosti devetih različnih MP med strukturnimi tenzorji je pokazalo, da z izjemo skalarnega produkta tenzorjev in Kullback-Leibler divergence vse vrednotene MP dosegajo zadostno natančnost. Na 3D in 2D slikah ledvenih vretenc je bila poravnava najbolj zanesljiva s štirimi MP, in sicer z mero Bhattacharrya in merami na podlagi Riemannove geometrije, kot so Jensen-Bregmanova divergenca, afina invariantna in log-Evklidska razdalja s 85-odstotnim deležem uspešnih poravnav in konvergenčnim območjem od 9 do 10 mm glede na optimalni položaj 3D slike. Od zadnjih štirih MP sta prvi dve računsko več kot dvakrat učinkovitejši, s časi poravnave ∼0,4 sekunde. Izkazane lastnosti teh MP omogočajo natančno in zanesljivo poravnavo 3D in 2D slik v realnem času in so zato primerne za implementacijo v sisteme za slikovno vodenje kirurških posegov.
PHYSICS OF THE EXTENDED NEURON

We review recent work concerning the effects of dendritic structure on single neuron response and the dynamics of neural populations. We highlight a number of concepts and techniques from physics useful in studying the behaviour of the spatially extended neuron. First we show how the single neuron Green's function, which incorporates details concerning the geometry of the dendritic tree, can be determined using the theory of random walks. We then exploit the formal analogy between a neuron with dendritic structure and the tight-binding model of excitations on a disordered lattice to analyse various Dyson-like equations arising from the modelling of synaptic inputs and random synaptic background activity. Finally, we formulate the dynamics of interacting populations of spatially extended neurons in terms of a set of Volterra integro-differential equations whose kernels are the single neuron Green's functions. Linear stability analysis and bifurcation theory are then used to investigate two particular aspects of population dynamics (i) pattern formation in a strongly coupled network of analog neurons and (ii) phase-synchronization in a weakly coupled network of integrate-and-fire neurons.
Total Heating Characteristics of the ISCCP Tropical and Subtropical Cloud Regimes

AbstractComposite profiles of the apparent heat source Q1 and moisture sink Q2 are calculated for the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud regimes (or “weather states”) using sounding observations from 10 field campaigns comprising both tropical and subtropical domains. Distinct heating profiles were determined for each ISCCP cloud regime, ranging from strong, upper-tropospheric heating for mesoscale convective systems (WS1) to integrated cooling for populations typically associated with marine stratus and stratocumulus clouds (WS5, WS6, and WS7). Despite being primarily associated with thin cirrus, the corresponding regime (WS4) has heating maxima in the lower and midtroposphere due to the presence of underlying clouds. Regime-averaged Q2 profiles showed similar transitions with strong drying observed for deep convection and low-level moistening for marine boundary layer clouds. The derived profiles were generally similar over land and ocean with the notable exception of the fa.
How does logical information enter grammar

Logic may be considered difficult because it presupposes a certain formal giftedness. On the other hand, logic is easy because the form/meaning relation is transparent; in other words, every such system contains a syntax that can be interpreted as syntactic combination proceeds. The study of natural language may be consid~red easy because it does not presuppose much formal giftedness in the mathematician's sense. On the other hand it is difficult when it comes down to specifying the form/meaning relation; in other words, it is not quite clear how the syntax of natural language can be interpreted. Numerous elements of speech above the phoneme level fail to carry meaning, and many combinatory operations of natural language syntax seem to have no clear semantic effect. In this paper I would like to turn first to some major attempts of coping with the syntax/semantics relation and show why they were partially unsuccessful. I will then point to certain new developments in linguistic theory which seem to enhance our understanding of the form/meaning relationship considerably. In doing so, it will be shown that propositional logical information which feeds the inference system relies greatly on parts of the grammar that have been systematically ignored by those who wanted to shed light on meaning in natural language. I will claim that a better grasp of the formal side ofgrammar will enhance our understanding of the mapping from syntax to semantics so that we can ultimately dispense with constructional alternatives to natural language.
The Small Deborah Number Limit of the Doi‐Onsager Equation to the Ericksen‐Leslie Equation

We present a rigorous derivation of the Ericksen‐Leslie equation starting from the Doi‐Onsager equation by the Hilbert expansion method. The existence of the Hilbert expansion is related to an open question of whether the energy of the Ericksen‐Leslie equation is dissipated. On this point, we show that the energy is dissipated for the Ericksen‐Leslie equation derived from the Doi‐Onsager equation. The most difficult step is to prove a uniform bound for the remainder of the Hilbert expansion. This step is connected to the spectral stability of the linearized Doi‐Onsager operator around a critical point and the lower bound estimate for a bilinear form associated with the linearized operator. By introducing two important auxiliary operators, we can obtain the detailed spectral information for the linearized operator around all the critical points. We establish a precise lower bound of the bilinear form by introducing a five‐dimensional space called the Maier‐Saupe space. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lifetime Portfolio Selection under Uncertainty: the Continuous-time Case

M OST models of portfolio selection have been one-period models. I examine the combined problem of optimal portfolio selection and consumption rules for an individual in a continuous-time model where his income is generated by returns on assets and these returns or instantaneous "growth rates" are stochastic. P . A. Samuelson has developed a similar model in discrete-time for more general probability distributions in a companion paper C81. I derive the optimality equations for a multiasset problem when the rate of returns are generated by a Wiener Brownian-motion process. A particular case examined in detail is the two-asset model with constant relative riskaversion or iso-elastic marginal utility. An explicit solution is also found for the case of constant absolute risk-aversion. The general technique employed can be used to examine a wide class of intertemporal economic problems under uncertainty. In addition to the Samuelson paper [S], there is the multi-period analysis of Tobin [9]. Phelps [6] has a model used to determine the optimal consumption rule for a multi-period example where income is partly generated by an asset with an uncertain return. Mirrless [ S ] has developed a continuous-time optimal consumption model of the neoclassical type with technical progress a random variable.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF NON-HERMITIAN MATRICES

Motivated by work of Contedini-Embree-Trefethen and Goldsheid-Khoruzhenko, we investigate the spectral properties of certain classes of non-Hermitian matrices. We give parametrizations for curves in the plane that contain the spectrum of bidiagonal matrices with periodic diagonal entries. In the case of period two, we find an asymptotic formula for the spacing between these eigenvalues. We also study the pseudospectrum σε(A) of a general square matrix A. We generalize the Bauer–Fike Theorem and give lower and upper bounds to show that the asymptotic decay (as ε→ 0) of the diameter of σε(A) near the eigenvalue λ is of order ε, where k is the dimension of the largest Jordan block associated to λ.
Denetimde Bilgi Teknoloji Ürünleri Kullanımının Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (TKM) İle Araştırılması

Bu calismada, denetimde bilgi teknoloji urunleri kullanimina yonelik egilim sebeplerinin, Teknoloji Kabul Modeli araciligiyla ortaya konmasi amaclanmaktadir. Bu amacla, Maliye Bakanligi, Vergi Denetim Kurulu Baskanligi, Erzurum Kucuk ve Orta Olcekli Mukellefler Grup Baskanligi’nda calisan vergi mufettis ve yardimcilarina, TKM’de algilanan fayda, algilanan kullanim kolayligi, kullanima yonelik tutum, davranisa yonelik niyet ve gerceklesen davranis degiskenleri arasindaki iliskileri test edebilmek icin bir anket calismasi yapilmistir. Sonuc olarak, vergi mufettis ve yardimcilarinin bilgi teknolojileri urunlerini kullanima yonelik algilanan fayda ve niyet egilimlerinin oldukca yuksek oldugu gorulmustur. Ayrica, denetim surecinde algilanan kullanim kolayliginin, bilgi teknolojilerine yonelik tutumu ve algilanan faydanin da kullanima yonelik niyeti pozitif yonde etkiledigi, tutumun davranisa yonelik niyeti, algilanan faydanin davranisa yonelik tutumu ve niyetin de davranisin olusmasini etkilemedigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Vergi mufettislerinin yas ve tecrubeleri acisindan bakildiginda, TKM bilesenleri ile ilgili algilari arasinda ise bir farkliligin olmadigi gorulmustur.
A Hybrid Recommender: User Profiling from Tags/keywords and Ratings

Over the last decade, the Internet has become an involving medium and user-generated content is continuously growing. Recommender systems that exploit user feedback are widely used in e-commerce and quite necessary for business enhancement. To make use of such user feedback, we propose a new content/collaborative hybrid approach, which is built on top of the recently released hetrec2011-movielens-2k dataset and is an extension of a previously proposed approach, called Weighted Tag Recommender (WTR). The WTR approach makes use of tag information available in hetrec2011-movielens-2k, but it does not use explicit ratings. As opposed to WTR, our modified approach can make use of ratings to capture collaborative filtering and either user-tags, available in the hetrec2011-movielens-2k, or movie keywords retrieved from IMDB, to capture movie content information. We call the two versions of our approach Weighted Tag Rating Recommender (WTRR) and Weighted Keyword Rating Recommender (WKRR), respectively. Movie keywords (which are not user specific) allow us to use all ratings available in hetrec2011-movielens-2k, as WKKR associates the content information from movies with the users, based on their ratings. On the other hand, tags provide more specific information for a user, but limit the usage of the data to the user-movie pairs that have tags (significantly smaller number compared with all pairs that have ratings). Both our keyword and tag representations of users can help alleviate the noise and semantic ambiguity problems inherent in information contributed by users of social networks. Experiments using the WTRR approach on a subset of the dataset (which contains both ratings and tags) show that it slightly outperforms the WKRR approach. However, WKRR can be applied to the whole hetrec2011-movielens-2k dataset and results show that the information from keywords can help build a movie recommender system competitive with other neighborhood based approaches and even with more sophisticated state-of-the-art approaches.
TRAFFIC BASED RANDOM DEPLOYMENT OF RELAY NODES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Relay nodes are used in the transfer of the data packets to the base station (BS) via the sensor nodes (SN). The placement of RNs influences the lifetime and connectivity of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) system. A traffic aware random deployment technique for the relay nodes is proposed in this paper. The scalability and traffic of the WSN are analyzed. A traffic aware RN selection is performed for both single hop and multi hop communication cases. Traffic based random deployment methods of RN, namely, lifetime-oriented deployment, and hybrid deployment, solve the issue of a short WSN lifetime and insufficient energy utilization. The trade-off between the lifetime extension and connectivity of SN in a WSN is considered in the performance analysis. The proposed method provides an efficient approach for the placement of RNs in a heterogeneous WSN.
L2 VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH CONVERSATION: A CONVERSATION ANALYSIS

Through the framework of Conversation Analysis (CA), this study examines conversational interactions and L2 vocabulary development through conversations between conversation partners and L2 learners in one English language teaching institution. L2 learners often face problems in producing a target lexical item during conversations and seek assistance from their conversational partners who are mostly native speakers and fluent target language speakers. So, how do L2 learners talk and learn L2 vocabulary while having a conversation? Can we trace L2 learner’s vocabulary development over time, and how can we know that the learner actually learned the vocabulary through the conversation? Twelve hours of conversation involving one focal participant during a six-week term and two more conversations after three months were audio-recorded and transcribed. The analysis focuses on the instances of the L2 learners’ repair initiation and their conversation partners’ repair completion when facing a vocabulary production problem. The L2 learners used three different resources to initiate repair while searching for a word and the conversation partners provided the target word by orienting to the turn prior to the trouble source turn or the context as well as their role as a language expert or language teacher. In order to talk and learn, L2 learners repeated the target word or incorporated it into their utterances. In terms of vocabulary development over time, one focal participant’s conversations were traced and three target lexical items in a previous conversation were found to be used in a later conversation without any hesitation or trouble.