Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural model of visual stereomatching: slant, transparency and clouds

Stereomatching of oblique and transparent surfaces is described using a model of cortical binocular ‘tuned’ neurons selective for disparities of individual visual features and neurons selective for the position, depth and 3D orientation of local surface patches. The model is based on a simple set of learning rules. In the model, monocular neurons project excitatory connection pathways to binocular neurons at appropriate disparities. Binocular neurons project excitatory connection pathways to appropriately tuned ‘surface patch’ neurons. The surface patch neurons project reciprocal excitatory connection pathways to the binocular neurons. Anisotropic intralayer inhibitory connection pathways project between neurons with overlapping receptive fields. The model's responses to simulated stereo image pairs depicting a variety of oblique surfaces and transparently overlaid surfaces are presented. For all the surfaces, the model (i) assigns disparity matches and surface patch representations based on global surfac.
EQUILIBRIUM UNDER DIFFERENTIAL SELECTION IN THE SEXES

When selection operates with the same intensity in both females and males, the selectional equilibrium condition of a Mendelian population may be found easily and is familiar to population geneticists. If the selection coefficients against a certain genotype differ only slightly in the two sexes, the average value of the two selection coefficients may be taken as the common selection coefficient for both sexes. In all such cases the gene frequencies in the two sexes are the same. However, when the selection intensities differ widely between the two sexes, as was found in the experiments of Woolf and Church (1963), the equilibrium gene frequencies in the two sexes are no longer equal, and this is characteristic of differential selection in sexes. I would venture to say that differential selection in sexes is more common than is generally recognized. In the following, explicit solutions for the equilibrium gene frequencies under the conditions of Woolf and Church have been given.
Patterns and Organisation in Evaporation

The evaporation of water is a crucial process in hydrology and climate. When the whole planet surface is considered, most of the available radiation energy is consumed in this process. However, a global view alone is insufficient to explain the codependence of surface hydrology and climate. Recent findings indicate that spatial variations in surface water and energy balance at various scales play a large role in the interactions between the surface and atmosphere. Advances in remote sensing have hastened the awareness of the spatial variability of the surface, and also offer some promise to quantify such variability. A point has been reached where the quantification of spatial patterns of evaporation is required in order to address current issues in hydrology and climate. The evaporation of water at the surface and subsequent exchange with the lower atmosphere is a complex process – even for local scales and simple surfaces. When larger scales and spatial variations are considered, nonlinear processes may become pronounced, and further difficulties arise. Because of its great importance to hydrology and climate, considerable effort has been extended towards understanding and quantifying the evaporation process. Much is known about the process for uniform surfaces at local scales. However, current issues in hydrology and climate involve larger scales and non-uniform surfaces. Here there remains much to be learned. Note that evaporation can follow several avenues, including free water surfaces, soil surfaces, and transpiration by vegetation. Here we use the term evaporation in a generic sense, so that it is inclusive of any of these pathways.
Seedling Tolerance and Phasiological Response to Short-Term Soil of Three Eucalypts Species

The present paper involves a detailed comparison between the salt tolerance and physiologicalresponseof three eucalypt species occurring within the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia.Eucalyptusgomphocephala DC (Myrtaceae) (common nameTuart �) is restricted to the calcareous (limestone), brown or yellow sand of the coastal Spearwood dunes.Eucalyptus marginataSm. (common nameJarrah �) is a small tree on the porous, well-drained sandy soils ofthe Bassendean dunes Plain, and a much larger tree on the Darling Range.Corymbia calophylla(Lindl.) K.D. Hill & J. A. S. Johnson (common name �Marri �), and has a similar distribution to that of Jarrah, but is more common on wetter, well drained soils. This investigateimplemented to find out the seedling tolerance of these three species to soil -induced stressor, namely salinity via addition of sodium chloride solution. Tolerance assessment measured changes in seedling growth, leaf allocation and leaf physiology after 70 -80 days. NeitherE. marginataand C. calophyllacould tolerate the highest salinity (0.25 M NaCl solutions) with 9 -13% survival, althoughE. marginatawas clearly the least tolerant with 52% reduction in relative growth rate and a 88% in transpiration rates.E. gomphocephala was the most tolerant to salt stress in terms of survival and growth parameters.
The Olfactory Responses of Flies in a New Type of Insect Olfactometer II: Responses of the Housefly to Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide and Ethyl Alcohol

It is an interesting circumstance that although there is world wide interest in the housefly, Musca domestica L. , and although a wealth of observation and experiment exists proving that response to volatile substances plays an important part in the fly's feeding and oviposition habits, almost no quantitative data on its chemotropic reactions have been published. Most of the experiments have consisted in counting the number of flies attracted to traps baited with various substances often in process of fermentation or putrefaction (Morrill 1914; Richardson 1916, 1917; Crumb & Lyon 1917, 1921; Laake et al. 1931).
A NOVEL PROTEIN ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRANSITION TO PARASITISM BY INFECTIVE HOOKWORM LARVAE

The developmentally arrested third stage infective larva of hookworms resumes development upon entry into the definitive host. This transition to parasitism can be modeled in vitro by stimulating infective larvae with a low molecular weight ultrafiltrate of host serum together with methylated glutathione analogues. When stimulated to resume development in vitro, activated larvae of the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum released a 42-kDa protein, termed Ancylostoma-secreted protein (ASP). ASP was the major protein released by activated hookworm larvae. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers, based on a partial internal amino acid sequence of the protein, were used together with flanking vector sequence primers to amplify a fragment from a third stage larval cDNA library by polymerase chain reaction. The fragment was used as a probe to isolate a longer clone from the larval cDNA library. The full-length ASP cDNA was found to encode a 424-amino acid protein with homology to the antigen 5/antigen 3 family of proteins from hymenopteran venoms and a family of cysteine-rich secretory proteins. ASP was expressed in bacterial cells, and a polyclonal antiserum against purified recombinant ASP was produced. The antiserum, which was demonstrated to be specific for ASP, was used as a probe to measure the kinetics of ASP release by hookworm larvae. ASP is released within 30 min of stimulation, with the majority released by 4 h. Low levels of ASP were released continuously following activation, but only if the stimuli were present in the incubation medium. The compound 4,7-phenanthroline, previously shown to inhibit larval activation, also inhibited release of ASP. The specific, rapid release of ASP by activated infective larvae suggests that this molecule occupies a critical and central role in the transition from the external environment to parasitism.
[Immunology of the fetal-maternal relationship].

: For the last 40 years it has been considered that during pregnancy fetal antigens are expressed in a different manner in comparison with other grafts. Current data indicates that the acceptance of the fetus by the mother depends on the lack of expression of the polymorphic antigens and the production of hormones that act as immunological suppressors. During pregnancy there exists immunological recognition of the trophoblast antigens, but these antigens are not polymorphic and thus do not permit the identification of cytolytic T and natural killers cells. This structure also produces hormones that contribute to the diminished production and proliferation of T cells. It has been demonstrated that there exists an increase in the production by the trophoblast of complement inhibitors (DAF, CD46) and in the secretion of hormones such as progesterone, alpha-fetoprotein, steroids and prostanglandins. The identification of these immunological factors and mechanisms may be fundamental in the search for treatment regimens for such illnesses as cancer, infertility, spontaneous abortions, transplant rejection and graft versus host disease.
Comparison and Analysis for Egg Quality of Seven Breeds of Layer

More and more researches and consumers were attracted by egg quality.The aim of this study was to uncover the variations within and among breeds.Five local breeds and two commercial breeds were selected as experiment animals.30 eggs from each breed were picked out,and 12 items were measured.The results suggested that genetic backgroud played important roles in egg quality.The averages in egg weight and Haugh unit of two commercial breeds were larger than those of local layers.However,some parameters in local hens,such as egg shape index,eggshell weight,yolk color and ratio,were better than those in commercial chicks.In seven layer breeds,Hy-Line white ranked the first in yolk weight,eggshell thickness and strength,and Hy-Line brown accounted for the last.There was a significant difference between Hy-Line white and brown.Based on variance within breed,commercial chickens showed better performance with small coefficient of variation,and local chickens had a potential space for uniform.
Retrievability based Document Selection for Relevance Feedback with Automatically Generated Query Variants

To mitigate the problem of over-dependence of a pseudo-relevance feedback algorithm on the top-M document set, we make use of a set of equivalence classes of queries rather than one single query. These query equivalents are automatically constructed either from a) a knowledge base of prior distributions of terms with respect to the given query terms, or b) iteratively generated from a relevance model of term distributions in the absence of such priors. These query variants are then used to estimate the retrievability of each document with the hypothesis that documents that are more likely to be retrieved at top-ranks for a larger number of these query variants are more likely to be effective for relevance feedback. Results of our experiments show that our proposed method is able to achieve substantially better precision at top-ranks (e.g. higher nDCG@5 and P@5 values) for ad-hoc IR and points-of-interest (POI) recommendation tasks.
Role of malondialdehyde in the pathogenesis of preeclamsia

Background: The exact cause of preeclampsia is unclear but one of the hypotheses in this regard is that preeclampsia caused by vascular endothelial dysfunction due to increase in circulating free radicals such as lipid peroxides which are determined by malondialdehyde. Objective: To evaluate the possible involvement of lipid peroxidation in form of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Methods: The present study conducted on a total of 100 Kurdish women in their 3 trimester of pregnancy admitted to the Gynecologic and Obstetric hospital in Sulaymania city at period of February to June 2007. Maternal blood was collected for determination of basal and post delivery MDA levels of the studied preeclamptic patients and normotensive pregnant controls. In addition, cord blood was collected immediately after delivery from a 25 preeclamptic patients and a 25 normotensive pregnant women delivered by cesarean section. Results: Statistical analysis reveals that there is significantly higher levels of MDA both in maternal and cord blood of preeclamptic patients compared to normotensive pregnant control (P<0.0025, P<0.015) respectively. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between maternal serum and cord blood MDA was found in preeclamptic pregnancies (r=0.59, P<0.0005). A significant increment of basal serum MDA level was demonstrated in normotensive pregnant women delivered by normal vaginal delivery (NVD) (P<0.018). On the other hand, no statistical significant changes were observed in serum MDA level of normotensive women delivered by cesarean section (P>0.77). Serum MDA in preeclamptic patients rose significantly above the preoperative value within one day postoperatively (1.48±0.55; P<0.01) then tend to fall significantly (0.9±0.46; P<0.02) toward the normal basal level (0.89±0.6) after two days post operatively. Conclusions: High levels of MDA in the serum of preeclamptic patients and their placenta may play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Residual serologic reactivity in children with resolved Lyme arthritis.

Objective. To define the pattern of persistent antibody response in children with resolved Lyme arthritis. Methods. From a cohort of 67 children with Lyme arthritis followed in our department since 1989, 19 were selected using these criteria : All patients (1) were asymptomatic ; (2) had an ELISA titer ≤1 :160 ; (3) had been in treatment a minimum of 6 months. Their initial and late samples were assessed by Western blot and the pattern of reactivity was analyzed. Results. The mean interval between treatment and last sample was 9.6 months (6-23). Analysis of the last sample showed that only 5/19 were negative by ELISA and 4/19 were at the cutoff limit (1 :80). Only 6 patients had fewer than 4 reactive bands, 4 had 4 bands, and 9 had 5-11 bands on Western blot. The 41, 39, and 60 kDa were the most commonly observed reactive bands at last evaluation. 31 and 34 kDa bands, while relatively common in initial samples (36%), became uncommon (5%) on late samples. A significant finding was the absence of IgM reactivity in 18/19 : 1/19 had 41 kDa reactivity. Only 4 patients had both ELISA (<1 :80) and Western blot tests negative (<5 reactive bands). Conclusion. All patients with resolved Lyme arthritis continue to show serologic reactivity beyond 6 months of therapy. 68% of the patients satisfy Western blot criteria for positivity in our laboratory. IgM reactivity to any antigen was minimal and IgG reactivity against the 41 kDa antigen, considered diagnostic of infection in initial samples by some laboratories, is very common (16/19).
Subsidized Housing and Crime: Theory, Mechanisms, and Evidence

Subsidized housing controversies frequently involve the fear of crime, a connection that is not well understood in policy and planning. This article thus critically reviews the literature on subsidized housing and crime. Three key findings emerge. First, subsidized households have too frequently lived in violent housing developments and neighborhoods. Second, the spillover effects on crime in surrounding neighborhoods are typically very small. Finally, although the precise mechanisms through which subsidized housing may affect crime are less clear, it is most likely that concentrated disadvantage plays the biggest role when effects are observed, rather than the physical attributes of subsidized housing.
Psychoanalysis at its Limits

Has psychoanalysis become "postmodern"? How are the various schools of psychanalysis being altered by postmodernism? What role does psychoanalysis have to play in the cultural debate in postmodern times? This is an account of the complex and contradictory nature of psychoanalysis in the postmodern age. It presents a history and critique of the concept of postmodernism throughout contemporary psychoanalytic thought, giving a critical survey of the complex relations between desire, selfhood and culture. Among the contributors are: Jessica Benjamin, Jane Flax, Stephen Frosh, Thomas Ogden, Stephen Mitchell, Karen Peoples and Mark Bracher.
Induction of PR-1,PR-2,PR-5,Ta-JA2 and wheat powdery mildew resistance in response to MeJA treatment

This study was carried out to determine the induction of jasmonic acid(JA) on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation of the expression of plant disease resistant marker genes(PR-1,PR-2 and PR-5)as well as a new cloned gene Ta-JA2,and to investigate the relationship between the induced resistance and the gene expression patterns.Susceptible cultivars "Chinese Spring","Pumai 9" and "Zhoumai18" were used to study wheat resistance activated by methyl jasmonate(MeJA) and powdery mildew resistance was then assessed with detached leaf assay.Real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression patterns of PR-1,PR-2,PR-5 and Ta-JA2.The results demonstrated that MeJA application enhanced the powdery mildew resistance of "Chinese Spring","Pumai 9" and "Zhoumai 18". The induced resistance could be detected from 12 h to 96 h after MeJA treatment,and the top value was at 24 h.MeJA significantly activated the expression of PR-1,PR-2,PR-5 and Ta-JA2.The induced powdery mildew resistance was positively associated with the induced expression of PR-1,PR-2,PR-5 and Ta-JA2.The phytohormone MeJA is a signal molecule in wheat powdery mildew resistance reaction.
An Evaluation of Payment for Ecosystem Service models implemented in Areas of Rural Poverty in China, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, and Mexico

Poor communities living in rural areas have complicated and essential relationships to the environment in which they live. Such communities often live in degraded ecosystems where natural disasters and climate change incur systematic and largescale damage to communities. Income earning potential most often comes from agriculture and from ecosystem services, which are gathered or farmed products such as timber, clean water, plant material, and wildlife that are farmed and sold. Driven by survival needs or poor government management, these activities are often practiced using unsustainable methods that cause further harm to degraded landscapes. To combat this phenomenon, and to tackle the exceptionally large goals of improving economic livelihood for rural poor communities while conserving diverse ecosystems, several largescale policy programs have been implemented in multiple developing nations around the world. Most of these programs including components of payment for ecosystem service models (PES), which compensate communities in various ways for harvesting and selling forest products such as timber, water, and wildlife. This paper reviews four such programs: RFFP in China, a wetlands payment for ecosystem services structure in Rwanda, CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe, and REDD+ in Mexico. It identifies pros and cons of each and begins to make broad recommendations about efficacy of such programs. Recommendations center around ensuring effective land use policy, utilizing communitybased program management, promoting land ownership at a community level, and a balancing of forest conservation and economic activities.
Synthesis of Positive Real 7iz Controllers

This paper describes a synthesis procedure for strictly positive real observer-based controllers. In particular, we address the standard -optimal control problem with the additional constraint on the strict positive realness of the controller. A suboptimal version of this problem is shown to be a convex optimization problem, and a linear matrix inequality-based solution is provided. One example illustrates the main results.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOFILM PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM PERIYAR RIVER, KERALA

Biof ilms are densely packed communities of microbial cells that grow on surfaces and surround themselves with secreted polymers (Nadell et al., 2009) and can adhere to natural or artif icial surface and form sessile multicellular communities as biof ilms (Dalton and March., 1998). Bacteria growing in a biof ilm on a surface are generally more resistant to many antimicrobial agents than the same bacteria growing in a freeswimming state (Costerton et al., 1999; Donlan and Costerton 2002; Dunner, 2002).
Regulation of Bud Dormancy and Bud Break in Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.) and Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]: A Summary of Recent Studies

Bud dormancy allows most deciduous fruit tree species to avoid injury in unsuitable environments, synchronize their annual growth, and adapt to a temperate zone climate. Because bud dormancy affects next season’s fruit production and vegetative growth, it is considered one of the most important physiological factors that control fruit production. Recent global climate changes require us to better understand the genetic factors regulating bud dormancy, especially those that induce dormancy release and subsequent bud break. In this review, environmental factors that affect the seasonal dormancy depth of Japanese apricot ( P. mume Siebold & Zucc.) and peach [ P. persica (L.) Batsch] are first outlined. Next, recent progress of genetic, biochemical, and molecular biological studies of Prunus dormancy regulation is described. Recent advances in functional genomics have promoted the discovery of gene function and gene networks associated with bud dormancy regulation. A group of candidate genes for bud dormancy regulation, the DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes in Prunus , are focused. Recently reported expressional analysis suggests a significant role for DAM s in dormancy release and bud break of Japanese apricot and peach vegetative buds. Transformation studies of PmDAM6 have demonstrated that it has an inhibitory effect on the apical growth of poplar ( Populus spp.). As bud dormancy is a quantitative polygenic trait, not only DAM s, but also other genes and gene networks appear to regulate bud dormancy. Ongoing and future studies will undoubtedly facilitate the unveiling of the molecular aspects of bud dormancy regulation in temperate fruit tree species of Prunus .
Response of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties to different levels of nitrogen and sulphur application under agro-climatic zone IIIa (Semi-arid eastern plain zone) of Rajasthan

Field studies were carried out to investigate the effect of different nitrogen and sulphur applications on growth parameters, yield and quality parameters of two row malt barley varieties conducted at research farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura for two consecutive rabi seasons 2015-16 and 2016-17 on loamy sand soil. The twenty seven treatment combinations consisting of 3 varieties (RD 2849, DWRUB 52 and RD 2668), 3 nitrogen levels (60 kg, 90 kg and 120 kg) and 3 sulphur levels (0 kg, 10 kg and 20 kg) were tested in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that variety RD 2849 proved significantly superior to DWRUB 52 and RD 2668 with respect to yield (grain and straw yield (q ha-1)) and quality parameters (Starch content (%). In case of nitrogen and sulphur applications grain and straw yield (q ha-1), Crude protein content (%) and Starch content (%) of barley were improved. The highest grain and straw yield (q ha-1), Crude protein content (%) and Starch content (%) of barley obtained with 120 kg N ha-1 and 20 kg S ha-1 and it was found statically at par with 90 kg N ha-1 and 10 kg S ha-1 application.