Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hello Folk: We Are Responsible for What We Will Face in 2025; Evidence from Philosophical Underpinnings of Social Capital

Social capital is a very important facet of society and has strong relevance to economic landscape of a country. There are different theories about the nature, accumulation, growth and validity of social capital as an instrument of economy. This paper explains the philosophical context of social capital and validate through a model using Berg, Dickhaut and McCabe trust game that we all transfer a set of values to our next generation, which ultimately manifest as social capital in the real world. The transferred values affects each agent’ decision whether to trust other members of the society and participate in a socio-economic exchange or not. If he trusts, he reaps substantial gains from exchange, and ultimately social capital will be concreted. But if he does not, he will face a major loss and overall social capital will be dented. A distrustful ancestor will further induce agents to withdraw from the market and not to invest. This will lead a society to an overall mistrust paradigm and eventual downfall. On the other hand, the level of cooperation in the members of society increases as the good experience is transferred across generations. Economic impacts of social capital have been elucidated using Leonhard Euler function and Newton Leibniz integration processes. The ethical framework for society and role of literature in transfer of beliefs, values and culture from one generation to other has also been discussed at length. The paper is a unique study of how we all will be responsible for the kind of social capital will have in 2025
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Marker Vaccine: an Immunodominant Epitope on the Nucleoprotein Gene of NDV Can Be Deleted or Replaced by a Foreign Epitope

ABSTRACT The nucleoprotein (NP) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) functions primarily to encapsidate the virus genome for the purpose of RNA transcription, replication, and packaging. This conserved multifunctional protein is also efficient in inducing NDV-specific antibody in chickens. Here, we localized a conserved B-cell immunodominant epitope (IDE) spanning residues 447 to 455 and successfully generated a recombinant NDV lacking the IDE by reverse genetics. Despite deletion of NP residues 443 to 460 encompassing the NP-IDE, the mutant NDV propagated in embryonated specific-pathogen-free chicken eggs to a level comparable to that of the parent virus. In addition, a B-cell epitope of the S2 glycoprotein of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) was inserted in-frame to replace the NP-IDE. Recombinant viruses properly expressing the introduced MHV epitope were successfully generated, demonstrating that the NP-IDE not only is dispensable for virus replication but also can be replaced by foreign sequences. Chickens immunized with the hybrid recombinants produced specific antibodies against the S2 glycoprotein of MHV and completely lacked antibodies directed against the NP-IDE. These marked-NDV recombinants, in conjunction with a diagnostic test, enable serological differentiation of vaccinated animals from infected animals and may be useful tools in ND eradication programs. The identification of a mutation-permissive region on the NP gene allows a rational approach to the insertion of protective epitopes and may be relevant for the design of NDV-based cross-protective marker vaccines.
Mood-dependent retrieval in visual long-term memory: dissociable effects on retrieval probability and mnemonic precision

ABSTRACT Although memories are more retrievable if observers’ emotional states are consistent between encoding and retrieval, it is unclear whether the consistency of emotional states increases the likelihood of successful memory retrieval, the precision of retrieved memories, or both. The present study tested visual long-term memory for everyday objects while consistent or inconsistent emotional contexts between encoding and retrieval were induced using background grey-scale images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). In the study phase, participants remembered colours of sequentially presented objects in a negative (Experiment 1a) or positive (Experiment 2a) context. In the test phase, participants estimated the colours of previously studied objects in either negative versus neutral (Experiment 1a) or positive versus neutral (Experiment 2a) contexts. Note, IAPS images in the test phase were always visually different from those initially paired with the studied objects. We found that reinstating negative context and positive context at retrieval resulted in better mnemonic precision and a higher probability of successful retrieval, respectively. Critically, these effects could not be attributed to a negative or positive context at retrieval alone (Experiments 1b and 2b). Together, these findings demonstrated dissociable effects of emotion on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of visual long-term memory retrieval.
New developments in Plasmodium vivax malaria: severe disease and the rise of chloroquine resistance

Purpose of review Unlike Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax rarely causes severe disease in healthy travellers or in temperate endemic regions and has been regarded as readily treatable with chloroquine. However, in tropical areas, recent reports have highlighted severe and fatal disease associated with P. vivax infection. We review the evidence for severe disease and the spread of drug-resistant P. vivax and speculate how these maybe related. Recent findings Studies from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Thailand and India have shown that 21–27% of patients with severe malaria have P. vivax monoinfection. The clinical spectrum of these cases is broad with an overall mortality of 0.8–1.6%. Major manifestations include severe anaemia and respiratory distress, with infants being particularly vulnerable. Most reports of severe and fatal vivax malaria come from endemic regions where populations have limited access to healthcare, a high prevalence of comorbidity and where drug-resistant P. vivax strains and partially effective primaquine regimens significantly undermine the radical cure and control of this relapsing infection. The mechanisms underlying severe disease in vivax malaria remain poorly defined. Summary Severe, fatal and multidrug-resistant vivax malaria challenge our perception of P. vivax as a benign disease. Strategies to understand and address these phenomena are needed urgently if the global elimination of malaria is to succeed.
Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Peritoneal Metastases Treated with Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy

Introduction: To identify the risk factors, characteristics and prognosis of patients treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis due to metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our series of mCRPC patients with peritoneal metastases treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy between 2004 and 2010. Results: Six patients were identified from our institutions' internal cancer registry. Three out of these patients had been treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). In addition to peritoneal metastases, other metastatic sites were mainly visceral. Only 1 patient developed bone metastases. Peritoneal carcinomatosis occurred mainly in patients with a high Gleason (= or >6) score since 5 out of our 6 patients had a Gleason score ≥7. All 6 patients were treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy when they developed castration resistance. Five patients benefitted from chemotherapy according to their PSA or RECIST responses. Median survival from the start of docetaxel was 24.5 months. Conclusions: Our retrospective analysis suggests that peritoneal carcinomatosis occurs mainly in patients with a high Gleason score. It is also possible that tumor seeding occurs during LRP. Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis resistant to castration seem to benefit from docetaxel-based chemotherapy.
Improving Breast Cancer Quality of Care with the Use of Patient Navigators

The continuum of breast cancer care requires multidisciplinary efforts. Patient navigators, who perform outreach, coordination, and education, have been shown to improve some areas of care. However, little research has assessed the impact of navigators on breast cancer treatment in uninsured populations. Our objective is to report on the impact of a patient navigator program on breast cancer quality of care at a public hospital. One hundred consecutive newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer (Stages I to III) were identified (2005 to 2007). Forty-nine patients were treated before the use of navigators and 51 after program implementation. Nine breast cancer quality indicators were used to evaluate quality of care. Overall adherence to the quality indicators improved from 69 to 86 per cent with the use of patient navigators (P < 0.01). Only one individual indicator, use of surveillance mammography, improved significantly (52 to 76%, P < 0.05). All nine indicators reached 75 per cent or greater adherence rates after implementation of the navigator program compared with only four before implementation. Patient navigators appear to improve breast cancer quality of care in a public hospital. In populations in which cultural, linguistic, and financial barriers are prevalent, navigator programs can be effective in narrowing the observed gaps in the quality of cancer care.
Mechanisms of hypoxia‐induced periodic breathing during sleep in humans.

Ventilation was studied during wakefulness and sleep in six healthy humans in normoxia (mean barometric pressure (PB) = 740 torr), and in hypobaric hypoxia (PB = 455 torr). Hypoxia caused hyperventilation and hypocapnic alkalosis (delta Pa,CO2 = ‐7 torr) during wakefulness and in all sleep states. Periodic breathing was the predominant pattern of breathing in all stages of non‐rapid eye movement (non‐r.e.m.) sleep in hypoxia, but was rarely observed during wakefulness or r.e. m. sleep. Periodic breathing was composed of repetitive oscillations of reproducible cycle length characterized by clusters of breaths with augmented inspiratory effort (VT/TI) and highly variable distribution of breath‐to‐breath minute ventilation (VE) and tidal volume (VT), which alternated regularly with prolongations of the expiratory pause of the last breath of each cluster (apnea duration = 5‐18 sec). Hypoxia‐induced periodic breathing was eliminated by: (a) acute restoration of normoxia coincident with a 3‐6 torr increase in Pa,CO2; and (b) augmented FI,CO2 (at constant arterial oxygen saturation) which rapidly and reversibly eliminated apneas and stabilized breathing pattern with a less than 2 torr increase in Pa,CO2. If hypocapnia was prevented (by augmented FI,CO2) during acute induction of hypoxia in non‐r.e. m. sleep, periodic breathing was also prevented. We propose that the genesis of hypoxia‐induced periodic breathing requires the combination of hypoxia and hypocapnia. Periodicity results from oscillations in CO2 about a CO2‐apnea threshold whose functional expression is critically linked to sleep state.
Moving beyond childish notions of fair and equitable

Regardless of the number of dictionaries to which you have access, if you want the true essence of a word, consult a 9-year-old. Upon asking mine to define the word ‘fair’ (and waiting through her wariness as she looked at me cynically and tried to determine whether this was a trick question), I expectedly heard the response: ‘Treating everyone the same. ’ In this instance, my daughter’s name may as well have been Merriam Webster because the latter’s definition similarly states: ‘Treating people in a way that does not favour some over others. ’ Like lots of 9-year-old logic, this cannot possibly be sufficient.
Pattern Preference Analysis of Black-and-White Plaid Shirts

The market economy has shifted the decision-making power of the garment industry from the enterprise to the consumer. Research on consumer clothing preferences is an essential part of sustainable development of the garment industry. Based on data statistics from eight fast fashion brands, black and white are most commonly used in two-color plaid shirts. This paper carried out a psychophysical experiment to investigate factors affecting pattern preferences for black-and-white shirts and the differences and similarities between male and female pattern preferences. Twenty-eight different representative patterns of plaid shirts were selected by five fashion designers together from 190 different black-and-white plaid shirts from eight fast fashion brands, which were then classified into three categories: gingham, tartans, and windowpane. Based on these patterns, 28 male and female shirts were simulated in three dimensions and presented on a calibrated computer display. The simulations were assessed by 42 observers (consisting of 21 males and 21 females) in terms of four semantic scales, including light–dark, delicate–rough, simple–complex, and like–dislike. The experimental results revealed that there was no significant difference of pattern preference between females and males for 89.29% of the black-and-white plaid shirts, and also described features of the patterns that the females and males liked or disliked. Furthermore, the study also demonstrated the formulation between the four semantic scales and three pattern features (including the percentage of black region, the size of the minimum repeat unit, and the descriptor of the pattern complexity). The findings could be used to develop a more robust and comprehensive theory of pattern preferences and provide a reference for pattern design for black-and-white plaid shirts. More comprehensive pattern preference theory is not only an effective tool to solve the problem of plaid shirt inventory in the garment industry but also an important theoretical basis for the “sustainable design” of clothing, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of the garment industry.
Joint Empirical Coordination of Source and Channel

In a decentralized and self-configuring network, the communication devices are considered as autonomous decision makers that sense their environment and that implement optimal transmission schemes. It is essential that these autonomous devices cooperate and coordinate their actions, to ensure the reliability of the transmissions and the stability of the network. We study a point-to-point scenario in which the encoder and the decoder implement decentralized policies that are coordinated. The coordination is measured in terms of empirical frequency of symbols of source and channel. The encoder and the decoder perform a coding scheme, such that the empirical distribution of the symbols is close to a target joint probability distribution. We characterize the set of achievable target probability distributions for a point-to-point source-channel model, in which the encoder is non-causal and the decoder is strictly causal, i.e., it returns an action based on the observation of the past channel outputs. The objectives of the encoder and of the decoder are captured by some utility function, evaluated with respect to the set of achievable target probability distributions. In this paper, we investigate the maximization problem of a utility function that is common to both encoder and decoder. We show that the compression and the transmission of information are particular cases of the empirical coordination.
Design and implementation of distributed sensor network for Intelligent Space based on Robot Technology components

In this paper, component based design and implementation of Intelligent Space (iSpace) are described. iSpace has distributed sensors and actuators that are utilized for providing both physical and informative services to users based on observation of humans and environments. Although the essential functions of iSpace are “observation,” “recognition/understanding” and “actuation,” this paper focuses on development of components for observation function. We present our iSpace system developed by using RT (Robot Technology) Middleware that is a platform for development support of robot systems.
A Theory of Dual Labor Markets with Application to Industrial Policy, Discrimination, and Keynesian Unemployment

This paper develops a model of dual labor markets based on employers' need to motivate workers. In order to elicit effort from their workers, employers may find it optimal to pay more than the going wage. This changes fundamentally the character of labor markets. The model is applied to a wide range of labor market phenomena. It provides a coherent framework for understanding the claims of industrial policy advocates. It also can provide the basis for a theory of occupational segregation and discrimination that will not be eroded by market forces. Finally, the model provides the basis for a theory of involuntary unemployment.
A long‐term follow‐up study of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C in Japanese patients with congenital bleeding disorders

Abstract: Twenty‐one HIV negative Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C who had congenital bleeding disorders, 15 hemophilia A, 3 hemophilia B, 1 von Willebrand's disease, 1 afibrinogenemia and 1 thrombasthenia, were treated with 9 million units 3 times a week of natural interferon (IFN)‐α for 6 months. They were followed, biochemically and virologically, for at least 18 months after therapy discontinuation to evaluate the long‐term results. Liver biopsy, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping and quantification of viral load by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to identify the predictors of a favorable response to IFN treatment. One male patient with hemophilia A dropped out because of general fatigue and was excluded from evaluation. Ten (50.0%) patients continued to be HCV RNA negative in serum together with normal ALT levels throughout the study. Subtype 1b and a high level of viremia significantly associated with an unfavorable outcome on the response to IFN although liver histology was not definitive for predicting the response. We concluded that a 6‐month treatment with high doses of natural IFN‐α was effective in inducing a long‐term response without relapse of viremia in 50% of chronic hepatitis C patients with congenital bleeding disorders and that HCV subtype and pretreatment level of viremia were useful predictors of the response to IFN in treating such patients.
Recent advances in the pre-mortem diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Included in the spectrum of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and the new variant form (vCJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, kuru and various less distinct neuropsychiatric disorders. Progress in our understanding of this group of disorders continues at a prodigious rate, although important vexing practical issues persist. The definitive confirmation of symptomatic prion disease still requires pathological examination, most reliably performed post-mortem. However, paralleling the recent advances in the molecular biological understanding of normal prion protein (PrP(c)) function and the pathophysiology of prion diseases, there have been worthwhile developments in the pre-mortem diagnosis of CJD. Efforts to develop less invasive but very reliable ante-mortem diagnostic tests have received an additional impetus because of the potential epidemic of vCJD. Historically, the ancillary investigation of most merit has been the EEG, whereas the recent advances have encompassed a broader range of technologies, including both magnetic resonance and radioisotopic neuroimaging, and immunoassays for a range of non-specific marker proteins in both CSF, and less commonly, blood. However, given the recent refinement of sophisticated immunoassays, it is envisaged that the pathognomonic, protease-resistant, disease-associated isoforms of the prion protein (PrPres) may soon be directly detectable in the blood and tissues of patients manifesting or incubating a spongiform encephalopathy.
Working the Margins:The Geopolitical Marking of Italian National Identity

Margins are central rather then peripheral to defining political identities. Italian national identity, though often seen as a fragile construct, is by no means unique in this regard. National identities must be constantly in question in order to thrive. Three geopolitical moments or forces are identified as having contributed at different times and in distinctive ways to the spatial construction of Italian identity: the border question, the immigrant/emigrant experience, and the North-South regional division.
Course of migraine during pregnancy among migraine sufferers before pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE To describe the course of migraine without aura and migraine with aura during pregnancy and factors that could influence its course, among migraine sufferers before pregnancy. METHOD A cross sectional study undertaken at the IMIP, Brazil. Out of 686 consecutively assisted women, at the first postnatal week, 266 were identified as migraine sufferers before pregnancy. RESULTS There was migraine remission in 35.4%, 76.8% and 79.3% among migraine without aura sufferers and 20.7%, 58.6% and 65.5% among those with migraine with aura, respectively in the first, second and third trimesters. Statistically significant difference was found when the first trimester was compared with the second and third trimesters. The factors associated with the presence of migraine during pregnancy were: multiparity, menstrually related migraine without aura prior to pregnancy and illness during pregnancy. CONCLUSION The study contributed to elucidate the course of migraine during pregnancy in migraine sufferers prior to pregnancy.
Inhibition of nitric oxide formation in the nucleus tractus solitarius increases renal sympathetic nerve activity in rabbits.

It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized in the central nervous system as well as in vascular endothelial cells. However, the physiological role of NO in cardiovascular regulation by the central nervous system remains unclear. This objective of this study was to examine the possibility that NO plays a role in neural transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and thus contributes to control of sympathetic nerve activity in rabbits. We examined the effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of the formation of NO from L-arginine, microinjected into the NTS on arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). L-NMMA increased AP and RSNA in rabbits with intact as well as denervated sinoaortic baroreceptors and vagi. L-NMMA increased HR only in rabbits with sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy. Pretreatment with L-arginine microinjected into the NTS, which did not alter baseline AP, HR, and RSNA, prevented the increases in AP and RSNA evoked with subsequent L-NMMA. Pretreatment with D-arginine did not alter the effects of subsequent L-NMMA injections into the NTS. The gain of arterial baroreflex control of RSNA assessed by the slope of the regression line relating changes in AP and those in RSNA caused by intravenous phenylephrine or nitroglycerin did not differ before and after microinjections of L-NMMA. L-NMMA microinjected into the area postrema did not alter AP, HR, or RSNA. These results suggest that in rabbits NO is involved in the mechanism in the NTS that mediates tonic inhibition of RSNA. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Social Media Research and Policing

The paper reviews academic literature which is relevant to the better understanding of the police use of social media. It concludes that much of the practitioner literature has focussed on issues of adoption. Academic work has supported this in its focus on authorisation and legitimacy. Other research has looked to use social media as a source of big data in support of predicting social trends and operationally significant shifts in public behaviour. This is inherently problematic, as social media researchers in other fields have shown.