Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic Reviews and Meta- and Pooled Analyses Prenatal Buprenorphine Versus Methadone Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Increasing rates of maternal opioid use during pregnancy and neonatal withdrawal, termed neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), are public health concerns. Prenatal buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) versus methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) may improve neonatal outcomes, but associations vary. To summarize evidence, we used a random-effects meta-analysis model and estimated summary measures of BMT versus MMT on several outcomes. Sensitivity analyses evaluated confounding, publication bias, and heterogeneity. Subjects were 515 neonates whose mothers received BMT and 855 neonates whose mothers received MMT and who were born from 1996 to 2012 and who were included in 12 studies. The unadjusted NAS treatment risk was lower (risk ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 0.98) and mean length of hospital stay shorter ( − 7.23 days, 95% CI: − 10.64, − 3.83) in BMT-exposed versus MMT-exposed neonates. In treated neonates, NAS treatment duration was shorter ( − 8.46 days, 95% CI: − 14.48, − 2.44) and morphine dose lower ( − 3.60 mg, 95% CI: − 7.26, 0.07) in those exposed to BMT. BMT-exposed neonates had higher mean gestational age and greater weight, length, and head circumference at birth. Fewer women treated with BMT used illicit opioids near delivery (risk ratio = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.70). Simulations suggested that confounding by indication could account for some of the observed differences. Prenatal BMT versus MMT may improve neonatal outcomes, but bias may contribute to this protective association. Further evidence is needed to guide treatment choices.
Clinical Evaluation of the Effects of Signal Integrity and Saturation on Data Availability and Accuracy of Masimo SET® and Nellcor N-395 Oximeters in Children

Pulse oximetry manufacturers have introduced technologies that claim improved detection of hypoxemic events. Because improvements in signal processing and data rejection algorithms may differentially affect data reporting, we compared the data reporting and signal heuristic performance and agreement among the Nellcor N-395, Masimo SET®, and GE Solar 8000 oximeters under a spectrum of conditions of signal integrity and arterial oxygen saturations. A blinded side-by-side comparison of technologies was performed in 27 patients, and data were analyzed for time of data availability, measures of agreement and signal heuristics, and warnings stratified by signal integrity and Spo2. The Solar 8000 had less total data dropout than either of the new technologies. Masimo’s LoSIQ (signal quality) heuristic rejected less data than Nellcor’s MOT/PS (motion/pulse search) flag. When no signal heuristic was displayed, there was little difference in precision and bias between the two newer technologies; however, agreement between devices deteriorated in the presence of SIQ, MOT, or hypoxemia. Both newer devices flagged questionable data, but their use of different rejection algorithms resulted in different probabilities of presenting data. Therefore, with poor SIQ or during hypoxemia, the Nellcor N-395 and Masimo oximeters are not clinically equivalent to each other or to the older Solar 8000 oximeter.
Diagnostic clues to megaloblastic anaemia without macrocytosis

Masking of the macrocytic expression of megaloblastic anaemia (MA) by coexisting thalassaemia, iron deficiency and chronic illness has been widely reported. We described the haematological and clinical features of 20 Chinese patients with MA presenting with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) ≦99 fl, and analysed the steps leading to the final diagnosis of MA with concomitant thalassaemia trait (n = 11), thalassaemia trait and iron deficiency (n = 3), iron deficiency (n = 4) and chronic illness (n = 2). We also compared the haematological characteristics of this group of patients with a group of normocytic anaemic patients without vitamin B12/folate deficiency, and identified certain laboratory information useful for differentiating the two groups. Statistically significant parameters included the mean values of haemoglobin, MCV, red cell distribution width (RDW), reticulocyte index, platelet count and serum bilirubin. All provided clues to maturation disorders within the marrow. A decision flowchart for the diagnosis of MA without macrocytosis was proposed. In the studied population, by using the parameters of haemoglobin <10 g/dl, MCV 80–99 fl, RDW ≥ 16% and reticulocyte index ≦ 2% as indicators, there was a 58% chance that a patient had MA without macrocytosis if he/she had all the four indicators, and a 2.2% chance of having it if he/she did not have these indicators. We emphasized the importance of including peripheral blood smear examination in the diagnostic procedures for such patients, as well as the importance of paying attention to patients’ medical history, racial background and previous MCV value.
Optimal rates of estimation for multi-reference alignment

In this paper, we establish optimal rates of adaptive estimation of a vector in the multi-reference alignment model, a problem with important applications in fields such as signal processing, image processing, and computer vision, among others. We describe how this model can be viewed as a multivariate Gaussian mixture model under the constraint that the centers belong to the orbit of a group. This enables us to derive matching upper and lower bounds that feature an interesting dependence on the signal-to-noise ratio of the model. Both upper and lower bounds are articulated around a tight local control of Kullback-Leibler divergences that showcases the central role of moment tensors in this problem.
Binge eating and substance use among male and female adolescents.

OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between binge eating and substance use behaviors and attitudes in adolescents and explores gender differences and mental health correlates. METHOD The data are derived from the 1997 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey of public and Catholic school students. A weighted sample of 1,031 girls and 888 boys was categorized as nonbingers, past bingers, and noncompensating or compensating binge eaters. RESULTS Binge eaters, particularly those who compensated, were more likely to use all types of substances, particularly cannabis and drugs other than tobacco and alcohol. Binge eating was associated with more problematic and heavier substance use and with lowered self-esteem and more depression. Female bingers were more likely to report compensatory behaviors than male students but gender differences in the relationship between binge eating and substance use were few. DISCUSSION Adolescent binge eaters who engage in compensatory behaviors may be an appropriate target group for preventive programs in high schools.
Pediatric Amplification : Past , Present and Future

Over the past three and half decades, tremendous gains have been achieved in the speech and hearing sciences. These conceptual and technological advances have improved the lives of children with hearing loss in ways that would have seemed inconceivable three or four decades ago. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the field of pediatric amplification in the 1970s, a review of progress over the last 35 years, a summary of the current status, and a discussion of research needs for the future. In the early 1970s there were no universal newborn hearing screening programs. The average age of identification of children with hearing loss was 3–3 1⁄2 years. Early efforts to improve this situation were a registry to identify newborns who are at high risk for hearing loss and development of the Crib-o-Gram (Simmons and Russ 1974; Simmons, McFarland and Jones 1979). While both procedures improved the early identification of children with severe-toprofound hearing loss, lesser degrees of hearing loss continued to go undetected. Diagnostic procedures to quantify the degree and configuration of hearing loss in infants were limited to behavioral observation audiometry, which is now known to be unreliable and prone to tester bias. Body-worn hearing aids and FM systems were the devices of choice for the pediatric population, but FM systems were used only in academic settings. Most hearing-aid circuits were linear peak clippers, fitting algorithms were based on adult data, and functional gain was used to verify aided performance. At that time, audiologists
Shaping voting intentions : an experimental study on the role of information in the Scottish independence referendum

In a context of expanded media choice, understanding how voters select and interpret information to make voting decisions acquires substantial relevance. Drawing on former research in political psy-chology and political behaviour, the present study explores how provision of information affects voting intentions in the context of the Scottish independence referendum, by adopting a between-subjects experimental design. Results show that provision of information a) reduces indecision about how to vote, especially when subjects are able to select the arguments to read; b) increases the likelihood to vote Yes, especially when subjects are confronted with a balanced set of arguments; c) interacts with individual-level elements and increases the likelihood to vote Yes especially among those who are more politically active and more emotionally involved in the issue of independence. Provision of information also slightly increases the likelihood to vote No, but this occurs in general only when subjects are able to select the arguments to read and only in a very few cases. At the the-oretical level, results provide further evidence supporting the mechanism of selective exposure and the so-called ‘prior attitude effect’, but highlight the need to interpret these mechanisms within a broader framework which takes into account individual-level mediating factors.
A follow-up of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia.

A series of 17 monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia was studied intensively at the National Institute of Mental Health between 1963 and 1967. Sixteen pairs were interviewed a mean of 7.8 years after original admission. It was found that one pair is now concordant for schizophrenia, three previously healthy co-twins show new psychopathology of a possibly schizophrenic nature, and 12 twin pairs remain stably discordant.
Progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with over-expression of TYK2 and p21Waf1/Cip1.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of unknown aetiology with diverse clinical phenotypes characterised by granulomatous formation in involved organs. The factors controlling the evolution of pulmonary involvement -- a major point in the progression of sarcoidosis -- are poorly understood. The aim of our study was to identify alterations of gene expression associated with the progression of the granulomatous process in pulmonary sarcoidosis. METHODS Using microarray analysis, we compared the gene expression profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage cells in three patients with progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis and in three patients with stable pulmonary sarcoidosis. Microarrays data were analysed using a non-parametric method that estimates the False positive Detection Rate for chosen thresholds of differential expression (software SAM, Significance Analysis of Microarrays). We further controlled the expression of three selected genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR experiments. RESULTS Fourteen genes were found significantly upregulated in the cases with progressive sarcoidosis including three genes coding for effectors of the Th1 immune response: the protein tyrosine kinase TYK2, the Interferon-gamma receptor 2 and the cell cycle inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the increased expression of TYK2 and p21Waf1/Cip1, but not of the Interferon-gamma receptor 2. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the feasibility of microarrays analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage, cells and are consistent with an involvement of p21Waf1/Cip1 and TYK2, two components of the Th1-inflammatory response pathway, in the progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Helicobacter pylori: longer survival in deep ground water and sea water than in a nutrient‐rich environment

Helicobacter pylori can infect the human stomach through the ingestion of water. Only a few studies on the morphological changes and viability of this bacteria in DGW (deep ground water) have been reported and none in natural seawater (SW). Morphological changes and the culturability of H. pylori after storage in DGW or SW for a week were examined to see if they could be a factor associated with the high infection rate in Japan. An H. pylori strain, ATCC 43504, stored in DGW and in SW at 4 °C for 7 days, was examined daily for any ultrastructural changes and culturability. The same H. pylori strain was also cultured in conventional Brucella broth culture liquid medium as control and was similarly observed. Bacteria kept in DGW and SW were found not only to retain their spiral form but also to show better culturability than those kept in the control nutrient‐rich medium (p<0.01). Thus, natural waters were found to be more conducive to H. pylori survival than a nutrient‐rich medium.
Constructivism and Development: Reply to Smith's Commentary

Abstract This article is a reply to the commentary made by Smith (1998) regarding these authors' earlier article (1998), which proposes a modified constructivist account of the origins of mental representation. This article focuses on three aspects of Smith's commentary. First, we elaborate on Smith's discussion of differences between empiricist and constructivist approaches to development. Second, we discuss Smith's restatement of Piaget's position in terms of four levels of representational capacities. Finally, we reply to specific comments directed by Smith at our article.
Gene polymorphisms and antigen levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus coexisting with coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can play a pivotal role in the remodelling of extracellular matrix associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of two polymorphisms of the MMP-1 gene promoter, an A/G substitution and a 1G/2G insertion, in correlation with antigen levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in type 2 diabetic patients with or without CHD as well as individuals with normal glucose level without CHD. METHODS Genotypes of 115 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a subpopulation of 66 patients with coexisting CHD as well as 120 non-diabetic control subjects were determined by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS We demonstrated that antigen levels of MMP-1 in the serum of diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of individuals with normal glucose metabolism (p <0.05). Elevated levels of MMP-1 positively correlated with CHD occurrence in T2DM patients (p <0.01). The distribution of genotypes revealed higher frequency of the 2G/2G polymorphism variant in diabetic patients with CHD [OR 5.76, 95% CI (1.24; 26.87)], thus suggesting its strong association with high level of MMP-1. In T2DM patients with coexisting CHD, a higher frequency of the 2G allele of 1G/2G [OR 1.74, CI 95% (1.01; 2.99)] and the G allele of A/G polymorphism [OR 2.15, 95% CI (1.22; 3.80)] was also found. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus is linked with elevated blood level of MMP-1, and polymorphisms of the promoter region of its gene might be associated with CHD.
A Choice Experiment Model for the Perception of Environmental Risk: A Joint Estimation using Stated Preference and Probability Data

The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical model of a choice experiment (CE) under conditions of uncertainty. We used the maximum simulated likelihood method for a joint estimation model using a panel data of stated worst-choice and highest probability. Empirical results were as follows: (1) it is difficult to decompose stated worst-choice data into utility and probability functions; (2) joint estimation using worst-choice and highest probability data can be decomposed into utility and probability functions; (3) estimated WTPs by the usual CE model are significantly different from the ones in the joint model. These results suggest that the usual CE model may be unsuitable in cases of uncertainty, while our joint estimation model between stated worst-choice and highest probability data may be more effective.
Social and political influences on agricultural systems

Abstract Agricultural systems are situated within social and political environments that have tremendous influence on how they operate. If agricultural systems are to be sustainable, it is critical to understand how they are influenced by social and political factors. An expert panel approach was used to identify and rank the importance of social and political factors on agricultural systems in the US and to provide some insights into their impacts, interactions and mechanisms of influence. The panel identified a wide range of social and political factors that affect agricultural systems. The factors were divided into three categories: internal social factors, external social factors and political factors. Factors from each of the three categories were highly ranked, indicating that no single category dominated the others. Although there were contrasting views about the importance of some factors, there was strong consensus about many of them. Globalization and low margins that require increased scale and efficiency were identified as the two most important factors affecting agricultural systems. Several newly emerging factors were identified as well as factors needing further research. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is imperative to help guide scientific research so that beneficial discoveries are accepted and used, and to ensure that policy decisions enhance the future sustainability of agricultural production.
Fatigue resistant fiberglass laminates for wind turbine blades

Recent test results show that fiberglass laminates composed of unidirectional (0{degree}) and {+-}45 stranded fabric layers, typical blade materials, vary significantly in tensile fatigue resistance depending on the overall fiber content and the relative amounts of reinforcement in each direction. S-N fatigue data are presented for a range of laminates under both tensile and compressive fatigue loading. The results show poorer than expected fatigue performance for laminates composed of stranded fabrics at (a) high fiber contents and (b) high relative amounts of {+-}45{degree} reinforcement. Optimum fatigue resistant materials appropriate for both flange areas and webs of blades are identified. Laminates which fall into the poor fatigue resistance category (similar to woven fabrics and triax stitched fabrics) do not behave in a fiber-dominated manner which is required for application of the high cycle DOE/MSU database to lifetime prediction as described in Sutherland and Mandell (1996).
The crystal structure of the quorum sensing protein TraR bound to its autoinducer and target DNA

The quorum sensing system allows bacteria to sense their cell density and initiate an altered pattern of gene expression after a sufficient quorum of cells has accumulated. In Agrobacterium tumefaciens, quorum sensing controls conjugal transfer of the tumour‐ inducing plasmid, responsible for plant crown gall disease. The core components of this system are the transcriptional regulator TraR and its inducing ligand N‐(3‐oxo‐octanoyl)‐L‐homoserine lactone. This complex binds DNA and activates gene expression. We have determined the crystal structure of TraR in complex with its autoinducer and target DNA (PDB code 1h0m). The protein is dimeric, with each monomer composed of an N‐terminal domain, which binds the ligand in an enclosed cavity far from the dimerization region, and a C‐terminal domain, which binds DNA via a helix–turn–helix motif. The structure reveals an asymmetric homodimer, with one monomer longer than the other. The N‐terminal domain resembles GAF/PAS domains, normally fused to catalytic signalling domains. In TraR, the gene fusion is between a GAF/PAS domain and a DNA‐binding domain, resulting in a specific transcriptional regulator involved in quorum sensing.
WL‐index: Leveraging citation mention number to quantify an individual's scientific impact

A number of bibliometric indices have been developed to evaluate an individual's scientific impact, and the most popular are the h‐index and its variants. However, existing bibliometric indices are computed based on the number of citations received by each article, but they do not consider the frequency with which individual citations are mentioned in an article. We use “citation mention” to denote a unique occurrence of a cited reference mentioned in the citing article, and thus some citations may have more than one mention in an article. According to our analysis of the ACL Anthology Network corpus in the natural language processing field, more than 40% of cited references have been mentioned twice or in corresponding citing articles. We argue that citation mention is a preferable for representing the citation relationships between articles, that is, a reference article mentioned m times in the citing article will be considered to have received m citations, rather than one citation. Based on this assumption, we revise the h‐index and propose a new bibliometric index, the WL‐index, to evaluation an individual's scientific impact. According to our empirical analysis, the proposed WL‐index more accurately discriminates between program committee chairs of reputable conferences and ordinary authors.