Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of superficial siderosis with iron chelation therapy

Superficial siderosis is caused by recurrent haemorrhage in the subarachnoid space leading to haemosiderin deposition. It typically causes the triad of ataxia, deafness and myelopathy. We report a patient who developed superficial siderosis following neurosurgery for syringomyelia and who had an improvement in his hearing and mobility following treatment with a new iron chelation therapy that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier. It provides an intriguing insight into a therapy that could potentially modify the course of this rare neurodegenerative disorder. Further studies are required to assess the clinical efficacy of deferiprone in superficial siderosis.
Responses of Prefrontal Multisensory Neurons to Mismatching Faces and Vocalizations

Social communication relies on the integration of auditory and visual information, which are present in faces and vocalizations. Evidence suggests that the integration of information from multiple sources enhances perception compared with the processing of a unimodal stimulus. Our previous studies demonstrated that single neurons in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) respond to and integrate conspecific vocalizations and their accompanying facial gestures. We were therefore interested in how VLPFC neurons respond differentially to matching (congruent) and mismatching (incongruent) faces and vocalizations. We recorded VLPFC neurons during the presentation of movies with congruent or incongruent species-specific facial gestures and vocalizations as well as their unimodal components. Recordings showed that while many VLPFC units are multisensory and respond to faces, vocalizations, or their combination, a subset of neurons showed a significant change in neuronal activity in response to incongruent versus congruent vocalization movies. Among these neurons, we typically observed incongruent suppression during the early stimulus period and incongruent enhancement during the late stimulus period. Incongruent-responsive VLPFC neurons were both bimodal and nonlinear multisensory, fostering their ability to respond to changes in either modality of a face-vocalization stimulus. These results demonstrate that ventral prefrontal neurons respond to changes in either modality of an audiovisual stimulus, which is important in identity processing and for the integration of multisensory communication information.
Early initiation of treatment with statins in acute coronary syndromes

Statins may act rapidly to reverse abnormalities of the arterial wall that may predispose to recurrent ischemic events after acute coronary syndromes. Such abnormalities are endothelial dysfunction, a local inflammatory response, and an exaggerated thrombogenic tendency. In one study almost 20 000 patients with first myocardial infarction were studied with regard to statin treatment (28%) or not. Baseline characteristics were adjusted using multivariate regression analysis including propensity analysis. One year mortality was 3.7/5.0% in statin/not statin groups, respectively, P = 0.001, relative risk 0.75. In another study of more than 20 000 patients, 18% were prescribed statin after an acute coronary syndrome and followed for six months. Propensity analysis was performed in this study as well. Deaths in statin/not statin groups were 1.7/3.5%, P < 0.0001, relative risk 0.48. In the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL), a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study, 3086 patient with acute non-Q-wave coronary syndromes were allocated immediately in hospital to receive atorvastatin 80 mg daily or placebo for four months. No lower limit for plasma LDL cholesterol was used. Primary endpoint was time to first occurrence of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and worsening angina with objective evidence of ischemia. This was significantly reduced compared to the placebo group by 2.4% (14.8 versus 17.2%, relative risk 0.84, P = 0.048). Atorvastatin also reduced significantly fatal or non-fatal strokes. Possible mechanisms behind these acute beneficial effects are discussed. The studies highlight the importance of treatment with a statin in the early management of acute coronary syndromes and the need to incorporate this therapeutic strategy in national guidelines and treatment recommendations.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF TRIBES TRIFOLIEAE AND VICIEAE, BASED ON SEQUENCES OF THE PLASTID GENE matK (PAPILIONOIDEAE: LEGUMINOSAE)

Tribes Trifolieae and Vicieae along with Cicereae and Galega (Galegeae) form a monophyletic group that has been designated informally as the “vicioid clade”. There is good support from analyses of various molecular data for the clade itself, but relationships of genera within the clade are not fully understood nor has monophyly of the tribes and genera been fully tested. Sequences of the plastid gene matK from 84 members of the vicioid clade were analysed using maximum parsimony. Results presented here provide strong support for a monophyletic Vicieae that includes Vicia, Lathyrus, Pisum and Lens. Vicia is paraphyletic with regard to other genera of Vicieae, but there is support for monophyletic groups of species of Vicia. Pisum is sister to a monophyletic Lathyrus, and Lens is sister to a small group of species of Vicia. A monophyletic Trifolium is sister to the Vicieae, and together they form a moderately supported monophyletic group. Similarly, a monophyletic Ononis is sister to genera of tribe Trifolieae including Medicago, Trigonella and Melilotus. Medicago is monophyletic and includes previously transferred species from Trigonella. Medicago and Trigonella are sister taxa, but Melilotus is nested within Trigonella. Morphological and biochemical features are considered as they support particular groups within the vicioid clade.
Transterm: a database of mRNAs and translational control elements

Transterm is a database that facilitates studies of translation and the translational control of protein synthesis. It contains a curated collection of elements in mRNAs that control translation, and biologically relevant mRNA regions extracted from GenBank. It is organised largely on a taxonomic basis with files and summaries for each species. Global patterns that may affect translation in particular species, for example bias in the context of initiation codons (Kozak's consensus or Shine-Dalgarno sequences) or termination codons, can be detected in the consensus and information content bias summaries. Several types of access are provided via a web browser interface. Transterm defined elements may be matched in a user's sequence or in the database. Alternatively, elements can be entered by the user to search specific sections of the database (for example, coding regions or 3' flanking regions or the 3'-UTRs) or the user's sequence. Each Transterm defined element has an associated biological description with references. The database is accessible at http://uther.otago. ac.nz/Transterm.html.
Immunohistochemical localization of chondroitin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans in pre-spina bifida splotch mouse embryos.

The splotch (Sp) mutation on mouse chromosome I is a genetic model for the neural tube defects spina bifida and exencephaly. Embryos carrying Sp or its allele splotch-delayed (Spd), have been shown to have delays in neural tube closure, and neural crest cell emigration, as well as a reduction in extracellular space around the neural tube. Pre-spina bifida Sp and Spd embryos have abnormalities of notochord, mesoderm and neuroepithelial development. Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) have been shown to play essential roles during neural tube closure and neural crest cell emigration and migration and thus might well be affected by the splotch mutation. Therefore, the effects of Sp and Spd on the temporal and spatial distributions of CSPG and HSPG were studied in pre-spina bifida embryos cytogenetically identified as Sp/Sp (Spd/Spd), Sp/ + (Spd/ +) or +/+. Immunohistochemical localization of CSPG by means of the CS-56 monoclonal antibody showed that in Sp/Sp head sections, the neuroepithelial basement membranes stained more intensely at 5-, 10-, and 15-somite stages, whereas similar staining was observed at 16- and 19-somite stages compared with matched +/+ sections. In caudal sections Sp/Sp again showed a more intense stain for CSPG in the neuroepithelial basement membranes in all sections (except one comparison, in which staining was similar) from embryos of 14-, 15-, 16-, and 19-somite stages, compared to matched +/+ sections. Heterozygotes did not differ consistently from the mutant or the normal (+/+) embryos in CS-56 stain intensity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Training primary care medical officers in mental health care: an evaluation using a multiple‐choice questionnaire

This report aimed to evaluate the mental health knowledge of primary care medical officers following short‐term training in mental health care using a multiple‐choice questionnaire. Seventy‐eight medical officers who underwent 2 weeks’ training in mental health care were assessed using parallel forms of a standardized multiple‐choice questionnaire administered before and soon after the training. Young doctors scored significantly higher in the pretraining assessment. The medical officers demonstrated a significant gain in knowledge, although the amount of gain varied. Doctors who had relatively lower pretraining scores showed a higher gain. Six doctors (8%) showed less than acceptable posttraining scores. These doctors were older than the rest of the group. The doctors’ pretraining knowledge was best with respect to epilepsy and poorest with respect to manic‐depressive psychosis. Items pertaining to epidemiology and aetiology elicited relatively less gain than other clinical dimensions.
Principal properties of the velocity distribution of dark matter particles near the Solar System

The velocity distribution of the dark matter particles on the outskirts of the Solar System remains unclear. We show that under very common assumptions it should be highly anisotropic and have a sharp maximum near v ∼ 500 km/s. The distribution is totally different from the Maxwell one. We analyze the influence of the distribution function on the results of dark matter detection experiments. It is found that the direct detection signal should differ noticeably from the one calculated from the Maxwell distribution with ⟨v⟩ ≃ 220 km/s, which is conventional for direct detection experiments. Moreover, the sharp distinction from the Maxwell distribution can be very essential to the observations of dark matter annihilation.
GENTEX, a general multiscale model for in vivo tissue exchanges and intraorgan metabolism

Endothelial cells lining myocardial capillaries not only impede transport of blood solutes to the contractile cells, but also take up and release substrates, competing with myocytes. Solutes permeating this barrier exhibit concentration gradients along the capillary. This paper introduces a generic model, GENTEX, to characterize blood–tissue exchanges. GENTEX is a whole organ model of the vascular network providing intraorgan flow heterogeneity and accounts for substrate transmembrane transport, binding and metabolism in erythrocytes, plasma, endothelial cells, interstitial space and cardiomyocytes. The model is tested here for the analysis of multiple tracer indicator dilution data on purine nucleoside metabolism in the isolated Krebs–Henseleit-perfused non-working hearts. It has been also used for analysing NMR contrast data for regional myocardial flows and for positron emission tomographic studies of cardiac receptor kinetics. The facilitating transporters, binding sites and enzymatic reactions are nonlinear elements and allow competition between substrates and a reaction sequence of up to five substrate–product reactions in a metabolic network. Strategies for application start with experiment designs incorporating inert reference tracers. For the estimation of endothelial and sarcolemmal permeability-surface area products and metabolism of the substrates and products, model solutions were optimized to fit the data from pairs of tracer injections (of either inosine or adenosine, plus the reference tracers) injected under the same circumstances a few minutes later. The results provide a self-consistent description of nucleoside metabolism in a beating well-perfused rabbit heart, and illustrate the power of the model to fit multiple datasets simultaneously.
Evaluation of Dielectric Reliability of Ultrathin HfSiOxNy in Metal-Gate Capacitors

We have studied the electrical and breakdown characteristics of 5 nm-thick HfSiO x N y (Hf/(Hf + Si) =∼0.43, nitrogen content = 4.5-17.8 at. %) in Al-gate and NiSi-gate capacitors. For Al-gate capacitors, the flat-band shift due to positive fixed charges increases with the nitrogen content in the dielectric layer. In contrast, for NiSi-gate capacitors, the flat band is almost independent of the nitrogen content, which is presumably controlled by the quality of the interface between NiSi and the dielectric layer. The leakage current markedly increases with nitrogen content. Correspondingly, although the time-to-soft breakdown, t SBD , gradually decreases with increasing nitrogen content, the charge-to-soft breakdown, Q SBD , increases with the nitrogen content. For Al-gate capacitors, the Weibull slope of time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) under constant voltage stress (CVS) remains constant at ∼2 for a nitrogen content of up to 12.5 at. % and then decreases to unity at 17.8 at. %. This must be a condition critical to the formation of the percolation path for breakdown. In contrast, for NiSi gate capacitors, a Weibull slope smaller than unity was obtained, suggesting that structural inhomogeneity, involving defect generation, is introduced during the NiSi gate fabrication, but this negative impact is reduced with nitrogen incorporation.
Piscine reovirus (PRV) in wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and sea-trout, Salmo trutta L., in Norway.

This is the first comprehensive study on the occurrence and distribution of piscine reovirus (PRV) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , caught in Norwegian rivers. PRV is a newly discovered reovirus associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), a serious and commercially important disease affecting farmed Atlantic salmon in Norway. A cross-sectional survey based on real-time RT-PCR screening of head kidney samples from wild, cultivated and escaped farmed Atlantic salmon caught from 2007 to 2009 in Norwegian rivers has been conducted. In addition, anadromous trout (sea-trout), Salmo trutta L. , caught from 2007 to 2010, and anadromous Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), caught from 2007 to 2009, were tested. PRV was detected in Atlantic salmon from all counties included in the study and in 31 of 36 examined rivers. PRV was also detected in sea-trout but not in anadromous Arctic char. In this study, the mean proportion of PRV positives was 13.4% in wild Atlantic salmon, 24.0% in salmon released for stock enhancement purposes and 55.2% in escaped farmed salmon. Histopathological examination of hearts from 21 PRV-positive wild and one cultivated salmon (Ct values ranging from 17.0 to 39.8) revealed no HSMI-related lesions. Thus, it seems that PRV is widespread in Atlantic salmon returning to Norwegian rivers, and that the virus can be present in high titres without causing lesions traditionally associated with HSMI.
Determinants of Investor's Behaviour – An Analytical Review

Behavioural Finance combines psychology with financial theory to comprehend the associations between markets, emotions, personality and reason. Investors have dissimilar outlook when they choose about investing in a specific avenue. Through appropriate investment strategies and financial management, investors can upsurge personal wealth which will enhance the economic growth. Three variables that measure the growth of an economy are Income, Saving and Investment. This study forms a concrete theoretical framework for the researchers on investor’s behaviour in different countries. In this paper numerous literatures prevailing worldwide has been examined using interpretative approach viz., objectives, sample, research methodology and results of the study to diagnose the investor’s behaviour. The paper exhibits that there are miscellaneous variables that administer an investor’s decision to save and invest. Further, an investor’s behaviour model has been developed.
Phospholipases D1 and D2 Regulate Different Phases of Exocytosis in Mast Cells

The rat mast cell line RBL-2H3 contains both phospholipase D (PLD)1 and PLD2. Previous studies with this cell line indicated that expressed PLD1 and PLD2 are both strongly activated by stimulants of secretion. We now show by use of PLDs tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein that PLD1, which is largely associated with secretory granules, redistributes to the plasma membrane in stimulated cells by processes reminiscent of exocytosis and fusion of granules with the plasma membrane. These processes and secretion of granules are suppressed by expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of PLD1 or by the presence of 50 mM 1-butanol but not tert-butanol, an indication that these events are dependent on the catalytic activity of PLD1. Of note, cholera toxin induces translocation of PLD1-labeled granules to the plasma membrane but not fusion of granules with plasma membrane or secretion. Subsequent stimulation of calcium influx with Ag or thapsigargin leads to rapid redistribution of PLD1 to the plasma membrane and accelerated secretion. Also of note, PLD1 is recycled from plasma membrane back to granules within 4 h of stimulation. PLD2, in contrast, is largely confined to the plasma membrane, but it too participates in the secretory process, because expression of catalytically inactive PLD2 also blocks secretion. These data indicate a two-step process: translocation of granules to the cell periphery, regulated by granule-associated PLD1, and a calcium-dependent fusion of granules with the plasma membrane, regulated by plasma membrane-associated PLD2 and possibly PLD1.
Crystal Structures of a Multidrug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Reveal an Expanded Active-Site Cavity

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to use X-ray crystallography to investigate the structural basis of resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors. We overexpressed, purified, and crystallized a multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 protease enzyme derived from a patient failing on several protease inhibitor-containing regimens. This HIV-1 variant contained codon mutations at positions 10, 36, 46, 54, 63, 71, 82, 84, and 90 that confer drug resistance to protease inhibitors. The 1.8-angstrom (Å) crystal structure of this MDR patient isolate reveals an expanded active-site cavity. The active-site expansion includes position 82 and 84 mutations due to the alterations in the amino acid side chains from longer to shorter (e.g., V82A and I84V). The MDR isolate 769 protease “flaps” stay open wider, and the difference in the flap tip distances in the MDR 769 variant is 12 Å. The MDR 769 protease crystal complexes with lopinavir and DMP450 reveal completely different binding modes. The network of interactions between the ligands and the MDR 769 protease is completely different from that seen with the wild-type protease-ligand complexes. The water molecule-forming hydrogen bonds bridging between the two flaps and either the substrate or the peptide-based inhibitor are lacking in the MDR 769 clinical isolate. The S1, S1′, S3, and S3′ pockets show expansion and conformational change. Surface plasmon resonance measurements with the MDR 769 protease indicate higher koff rates, resulting in a change of binding affinity. Surface plasmon resonance measurements provide kon and koff data (Kd = koff/kon) to measure binding of the multidrug-resistant protease to various ligands. This MDR 769 protease represents a new antiviral target, presenting the possibility of designing novel inhibitors with activity against the open and expanded protease forms.
Rimming of Adipocytes By Neoplastic Lymphocytes: A Histopathologic Feature Not Restricted to Subcutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma of the skin presenting with histopathologic features simulating those of a lobular panniculitis. The presence of neoplastic T-lymphocytes forming a rim around the individual fat cells in the subcutaneous lobules, so-called “rimming” of adipocytes, is considered a characteristic morphologic feature of this type of cutaneous lymphoma. In this study we reviewed a series of 45 biopsy specimens of primary and secondary cutaneous B- and T-cell lymphomas and one of myeloid leukemia involving the subcutaneous tissues and showing rimming of adipocytes (subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: n = 16; mycosis fungoides, tumor stage: n = 3; aggressive epidermotropic CD8+ T-cell lymphoma: n = 2; cutaneous γ/δ T-cell lymphoma: n = 4; extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: n = 4; cutaneous medium-large pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, NOS: n = 5; CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm (blastic NK-cell lymphoma): n = 7; secondary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma: n = 3; secondary cutaneous lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: n = 1; specific cutaneous manifestations of acute myelogenous leukemia: n = 1). We could demonstrate that rimming of adipocytes by neoplastic cells can be recognized not only in subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, but also in several different entities of malignant lymphoma with skin involvement. Precise classification of cases with prominent involvement of the subcutaneous tissues can only be achieved upon precise correlation of clinicopathologic and phenotypic features. Rimming of adipocytes should not be considered specific of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.
Psychological well‐being, depression, and anxiety in Japanese university students

Background: In order to further investigate the relationship of psychological well‐being with depression and anxiety. Method: Students from five universities were solicited to participate in this study and 545 students with a mean age of 20.1 (SD = 2.2) years were finally accessed to analysis. Result: All six dimensions—autonomy (AU), environment mastery (EM), personal growth (PG), positive relationships with others (PR), purpose in life (PL), and self‐acceptance (SA)—of the Scales of Psychological Well‐being Inventory (SPWB) were moderately negatively correlated with depression and anxiety as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Furthermore, due to a good fit with the present data, the model of SPWB on depression and anxiety was consistent with the theory of psychological well‐being and indicated that HADS depression was predicted by EM, PR, and SA, while HADS anxiety was predicted by AU, EM, PG, PR, and SA. Conclusion: SPWB is a reliable measure of well‐being for Japanese young adults, and the negative affectivity such as depression and anxiety is to some extent determined by the lack of psychological well‐being. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.