Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE GEOMETRY OF MODULI SPACES OF SHEAVES Second Edition

Now back in print, this highly regarded book has been updated to reflect recent advances in the theory of semistable coherent sheaves and their moduli spaces, which include moduli spaces in positive characteristic, moduli spaces of principal bundles and of complexes, Hilbert schemes of points on surfaces, derived categories of coherent sheaves, and moduli spaces of sheaves on Calabi-Yau threefolds. The authors review changes in the field since the publication of the original edition in 1997 and point the reader towards further literature. References have been brought up to date and errors removed. Developed from the authors’ lectures, this book is ideal as a text for graduate students as well as a valuable resource for any mathematician with a background in algebraic geometry who wants to learn more about Grothendieck’s approach.
Development of an Improved Local-Ingredient-Based Complementary Food and Technology Transfer to Rural Housewives

Background Food technology transfer to rural households, based on local ingredients, is a relevant and sustainable strategy to ensure better nutrition of young children. Objective To develop an improved mush based on local ingredients and evaluate the potential for transferring its technology to rural housewives. Methods We developed a flour-based food using Alicom software and performed laboratory trials to evaluate its actual nutritional quality. Then we recruited housewives from each of the 27 project villages and trained them in flour production and mush preparation twice daily, 6 days a week, for 26 weeks. Mush was sampled during the training session and at weeks 4, 12, and 22 and evaluated for actual flow distance and dry matter content, which served to estimate energy density and iron and zinc contents. Results The laboratory trials reported average energy densities of 103 kcal/100 g, iron contents of 2.6 mg/100 kcal, and zinc contents of 1.2 mg/100 kcal. The average (± SD) energy densities of the mush samples obtained during the training session and at weeks 4, 12, and 22 were 103.0 ± 5.6,103.3 ± 5.2,107.9 ± 11.5, and 101.3 ± 8.7 kcal/100 g, respectively. The average iron contents were 2.3 ± 0.5,2.3 ± 0.5,2.6 ± 0.3, and 1.8± 0.8 mg/ 100 kcal, respectively, and the average zinc contents were 1.6± 0.1, 1.6± 0.1,1.7 ± 0.1, and 1.6± 0.2 mg/100 kcal. Conclusions Developing a suitable complementary food from local ingredients and educating households in nutrition and use of local products are feasible. Such education should come with measures aimed at improving the accessibility of some ingredients to ensure feasibility and sustainability.
Gas Sensors Based on Pure and Indium Doped Zinc Oxide

Thin film gas sensors based on pure and indium doped ZnO were fabricated by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates. The doping concentration was varied in the range 0.5, 1 and 3vol%. The structural, chemical and compositional characterizations of the prepared pure and doped sensors were done. The temperature dependent gas sensing property of the fabricated gas sensors to NO2 and H2S were studied. The optimum operating temperature, response and recovery times were obtained. The concentration dependent studies were performed on pure and doped sensors for both test gases. The gas sensing detection mechanisms for both gases are also discussed.
Botrytis cinerea: the cause of grey mould disease.

INTRODUCTION Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana) is an airborne plant pathogen with a necrotrophic lifestyle attacking over 200 crop hosts worldwide. Although there are fungicides for its control, many classes of fungicides have failed due to its genetic plasticity. It has become an important model for molecular study of necrotrophic fungi. TAXONOMY Kingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, subphylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Leotiomycetes, order: Helotiales, family: Sclerotiniaceae, genus: Botryotinia. HOST RANGE AND SYMPTOMS Over 200 mainly dicotyledonous plant species, including important protein, oil, fibre and horticultural crops, are affected in temperate and subtropical regions. It can cause soft rotting of all aerial plant parts, and rotting of vegetables, fruits and flowers post-harvest to produce prolific grey conidiophores and (macro)conidia typical of the disease. PATHOGENICITY B. cinerea produces a range of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, toxins and other low-molecular-weight compounds such as oxalic acid. New evidence suggests that the pathogen triggers the host to induce programmed cell death as an attack strategy. Resistance: There are few examples of robust genetic host resistance, but recent work has identified quantitative trait loci in tomato that offer new approaches for stable polygenic resistance in future. USEFUL WEBSITES http://www.phi-base.org/query.php, http://www.broad. mit.edu/annotation/genome/botrytis_cinerea/Home.html, http://urgi.versailles. inra.fr/projects/Botrytis/, http://cogeme.ex. ac.uk.
A Parallel Hybrid-Testing Tool Architecture for a Dual-Programming Model

High-Performance Computing (HPC) recently has become important in several sectors, including the scientific and manufacturing fields. The continuous growth in building more powerful super machines has become noticeable, and the Exascale supercomputer will be feasible in the next few years. As a result, building massively parallel systems becomes even more important to keep up with the upcoming Exascale-related technologies. For building such systems, a combination of programming models is needed to increase the system's parallelism, especially dual and tri-level programming models to increase parallelism in heterogeneous systems that include CPUs and GPUs. There are several combinations of the dual-programming model; one of them is MPI+ OpenACC. This combination has several features that increase the application’s parallelism concerning heterogeneous architecture and support different platforms with more performance, productivity, and programmability. However, building systems with different programming models are error-prone and difficult and are also hard to test. Also, testing parallel applications is already a difficult task because parallel errors are hard to detect due to the non-determined behavior of the parallel application. Integrating more than one programming model inside the same application makes even it more difficult to test because this integration could come with a new type of errors. Our main contribution is to identify and categorize OpenACC run-time errors and determine their causes with a brief explanation for the first time in research. Also, we proposed a solution for detecting run-time errors in application implemented in the dual-programming model. Our solution based on using hybrid testing techniques to discover real and potential run-time errors. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, there is no parallel testing tool built to test applications programmed by using the dual-programming model MPI + OpenACC or any tri-level programming model or even the OpenACC programming model to detect their run-time errors. Also, OpenACC errors have not been classified or identified before.
Sources of variability in histological scoring of chronic viral hepatitis

Inter‐observer agreement on activity and fibrosis scores used in chronic viral hepatitis has only been studied under selected conditions. The aim of this study was to identify the sources of variability due to specimen characteristics and observers. This study included 254 liver specimens and 15 pathologists and used the Metavir score. In 44 specimens scored by 4 academic pathologists, agreement of Metavir score was good overall, but better for fibrosis (κ = 0.59) than for activity (κ = 0.43) and poor for lobular necrosis (κ = 0.15). The mean agreement was better for senior (0.60 ± 0.24) than junior pathologists (0.52 ± 0.30, P < .05). Mean intrabserver agreement was better than inter‐observer agreement (0.77 ± 0.18 vs. 0.58 ± 0.26, P < .01). In 157 specimens scored by 2 expert pathologists (one senior, one junior), agreement of Metavir score was only good but greatly improved after consensus reading (fibrosis: κ = 0.48 and 0.77, activity: κ = 0.44 and 0.70, respectively, before and after consensus). Several causes of disagreement were identified: specimen length, fibrosis class number, observer bias, and putative causes related to Metavir score or specimen. In an intercenter evaluation involving 59 specimens, 1 expert and 10 nonacademic pathologists, agreement was very poor and did not improve over 5 years for activity (κ = 0.22‐0.25) or fibrosis (κ = 0.13‐0.18). In conclusion, the level of experience (specialization, duration, and location of practice) has more influence on agreement than the characteristics of the specimen (length, fibrosis class number, miscellaneous factors). Agreement can be improved by experienced pathologist or consensus reading. (HEPATOLOGY 2005,41:257–264.)
Diabetes and periodontal diseases: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases.

BACKGROUND Diabetes and periodontitis are complex chronic diseases with an established bidirectional relationship. There is long-established evidence that hyperglycaemia in diabetes is associated with adverse periodontal outcomes. However, given the ubiquity of periodontal diseases and the emerging global diabetes epidemic, the complications of which contribute to significant morbidity and premature mortality, it is timely to review the role of periodontitis in diabetes. AIMS To report the epidemiological evidence from cross-sectional, prospective and intervention studies for the impact of periodontal disease on diabetes incidence, control and complications and to identify potential underpinning mechanisms. EPIDEMIOLOGY Over the last 20 years, consistent and robust evidence has emerged that severe periodontitis adversely affects glycaemic control in diabetes and glycaemia in non-diabetes subjects. In diabetes patients, there is a direct and dose-dependent relationship between periodontitis severity and diabetes complications. Emerging evidence supports an increased risk for diabetes onset in patients with severe periodontitis. Biological mechanisms: Type 2 diabetes is preceded by systemic inflammation, leading to reduced pancreatic b-cell function, apoptosis and insulin resistance.Increasing evidence supports elevated systemic inflammation (acute-phase and oxidative stress biomarkers) resulting from the entry of periodontal organisms and their virulence factors into the circulation, providing biological plausibility for the effects of periodontitis on diabetes. AGE (Advanced Glycation Endproducts)-RAGE (Receptor for AGEs) interactions and oxidative-stress-mediated pathways provide plausible mechanistic links in the diabetes to periodontitis direction. INTERVENTIONS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) consistently demonstrate that mechanical periodontal therapy associates with approximately a 0.4% reduction in HbA1C at 3 months, a clinical impact equivalent to adding a second drug to a pharmacological regime for diabetes. RCTs are needed with larger numbers of subjects and longer term follow-up, and if results are substantiated, adjunctive periodontal therapies subsequently need to be evaluated. There is no current evidence to support adjunctive use of antimicrobials for periodontal management of diabetes patients. GUIDELINES Given the current evidence, it is timely to provide guidelines for periodontal care in diabetes patients for medical and dental professionals and recommendations for patients/the public.
Misuse and diversion of stimulants prescribed for ADHD: a systematic review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE Recent studies have provided variable information on the frequency and context of diversion and the use of nonprescribed and prescribed stimulant medications in adolescent and young adult populations. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature is to evaluate the extent and characteristics of stimulant misuse and diversion in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and non-ADHD individuals. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of the literature of available studies looking at misuse and diversion of prescription ADHD medications using misuse, diversion, stimulants, illicit use, and ADHD medications as key words for the search. RESULTS We identified 21 studies representing 113,104 subjects. The studies reported rates of past year nonprescribed stimulant use to range from 5% to 9% in grade school- and high school-age children and 5% to 35% in college-age individuals. Lifetime rates of diversion ranged from 16% to 29% of students with stimulant prescriptions asked to give, sell, or trade their medications. Recent work suggests that whites, members of fraternities and sororities, individuals with lower grade point averages, use of immediate-release compared to extended-release preparations, and individuals who report ADHD symptoms are at highest risk for misusing and diverting stimulants. Reported reasons for use, misuse, and diversion of stimulants include to concentrate, improve alertness, "get high," or to experiment. CONCLUSIONS The literature suggests that individuals both with and without ADHD misuse stimulant medications. Recent work has begun to document the context, motivation, and demographic profile of those most at risk for using, misusing, and diverting stimulants. The literature highlights the need to carefully monitor high-risk individuals for the use of nonprescribed stimulants and educate individuals with ADHD as to the pitfalls of the misuse and diversion of the stimulants.
Cadmium Nanoparticle ( CdNP ) Induced Anatomical and Biochemical Changes in Mud Crab Scylla olivacea ( Herbst , 1796 )

Cadmium has been found to produce wide ranges of biochemical and physiological dysfunctions in humans and animals. In the present study, toxic effects of Cadmium nanoparticle (CdNP) in the vasdeference of mud crab Scylla olivacea was evaluated. Crabs were exposed to different concentrations of CdNP (from 0 to 120 ppm/kg) for 8 days. The toxicity study revealed that LD50 value was found to be 40 ppm/kg of crab on day 6. CdNP (20ppm ppm/kg) induced abnormal structural changes in the vasdeference such as disintegration of principle cells, vacuolar degeneration, distortion of stereocilia and seminiferous epithelia. In addition, CdNP also induced antioxidant enzymes such as Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). CdNP also modulates the activity of mitochondrial enzymes such as Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and Malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Keyword: Cadmium nanoparticle, S. olivaceae, Vasdeference, antioxidant enzymes.
Inclusion in computing and engineering education: Perceptions and learning in diagram-based e-learning classes with blind and sighted learners

E-learning is a modality of education that has been growing all over the world. However, in computing and engineering education programs, the frequent use of graphical representations creates obstacles to the inclusion of visually impaired learners. Besides, many of the strategies and tools used in traditional lectures are not appropriated in e-learning lectures because of the distance among participants. In this context, this paper presents an evaluation of learners' perceptions during e-learning lectures on software requirements specification using UML/SysML use case models, as well as their associated learning assessment. Visually impaired and sighted learners attended online lectures in real-time with spatial distance. Participants used an external remote communication tool and some features of Model2gether to communicate and coordinate lecture activities. Model2gether was also used for collaborative real-time interaction with use case models. Learners responded a pre-survey and were interviewed prior to the lectures. After the lectures, learning assessment was twofold: by group work and an exam. Their perceptions were gathered through a post-survey and an interview. The quantitative data was statistically analyzed. The results indicate that, with appropriate tool support, it is possible to include visually impaired learners in e-learning activities based on graphical representations. Moreover, the post-survey indicates that the learners did not recognize their colleagues are sighted or not while collaborating using Model2gether.
Malaria transmission and vector biology on Sainte Marie Island, Madagascar.

A 17-mo longitudinal malaria survey (November 1988-March 1990) was carried out on Sainte Marie Island, an area on the east coast of Madagascar which is frequently visited by tourists. During 706 man-nights of capture, 46,401 mosquitoes belonging to 32 species were caught. Sporozoite rates were determined by ELISA and incriminated Anopheles gambiae Giles s.s. , An. funestus Giles, and An. mascarensis De Meillon as vectors of malaria. An. gambiae, the main vector, was highly anthropophilic but largely exophilic. Transmission by this species occurred mainly from November to April; the overall circumsporozoite antigen positivity rate was 1.7%, with a maximum of 3.2% in March-April. The nightly peak of transmission occurred between midnight and 0400 hours. The annual inoculation rate was calculated to be 100 infective bites per human, of which 92 were of Plasmodium falciparum. An. funestus played a minor role in transmission. An. mascarensis, an anopheline endemic to Madagascar, was incriminated for the first time, as a malaria vector. The sporozoite rate in this species varied from 0.4 to 0.9% as shown by both ELISA and salivary gland dissections. Parasite indices in humans up to 20 yr of age fluctuated during the year from 64 to 80%. Bed nets are recommended for malaria protection for the local population and tourists.
Temporal variation of the mating system in a natural population of jack pine.

Mating system parameters of a northern conifer, Pinus banksiana Lamb. , were estimated from allozyme polymorphisms. Seeds analyzed were obtained from serotinous cones of 30 individuals and represented four independent fertilizations in 1975, 1976, 1977 and 1978. Results indicated that a mixed mating system model, with a mean effective outcrossing rate of 88 +/- 0.047%, described the mating system of this stand. However, there was an approximately linear increase in the apparent selfing rate from the oldest (1975) to the newest (1978) crop. Two hypotheses could account for these observations. First, there may have been changes in the mating system during the 4-yr period, but linearity of the differences observed in this study may have been due to chance. These changes were, however, independent of the variability of the observed pollen pool. This indicated that they were not a result of different proportions of outcrossed zygotes directly observed. Second, there could have been a more or less constant amount of selfing, followed by a differential loss of viability of selfed and outcrossed zygotes during the period of storage in the cones. Under this hypothesis, selfed zygotes are at a selective disadvantage relative to outcrossed zygotes. No differences in the mating system could be demonstrated among the three crown strata of this stand. There was significant interlocus heterogeneity in the filial generation genotypic distributions and in the estimated outcrossing rates, reflecting the complex nature of forces that can affect single-locus estimates. There was evidence of some additional inbreeding, possibly due to family structures in the stand; however, this was a minor component of the total inbreeding.
Estimating the Economic Impact of All-Inclusive Package Tourism In the Balearic Islands

Using a visitor exit-survey, this study has estimated the economic impacts of all-inclusives in the Balearic Islands. The effects of the all-inclusives presence on the visits, length of stay and on expenditure have been estimated. A total of 1360 respondents were involved; of them 62% came through all-inclusives. The study found that an all-inclusive tourist spends less in totally and in the Balearics than the respective daily expenditure per tourist in overall; but in the country of origin, that tourist spends more than overall. More than half of the allinclusive respondents would still have come even if there were no all-inclusive holidays at the destination, which means, the effect of all-inclusives presence on the visits is minor, although very significant on the expenditure at destination. However, to many sun and sand destinations like the Balearics, tourism is a lifeline. Hence, critical policies to match industry preferences with that of local economy through feasible tourism modals a re indispensable.
Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Diabetes Mellitus in Wadena, Marshall, and Grand Rapids, Minnesota: The Three-City Study

The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) in concert with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) conducted population-based studies of diabetes mellitus in three Minnesota communities. The use of hospital and clinic records alone for case ascertainment purposes would have missed 16% of studyeligible diabetic individuals. Thus, studies that use only hospital or clinic records may present a biased view of the natural history of diabetes. Physician-defined diabetes without additional diagnostic review yielded a prevalence of 1.6% (age standardized to the 1970 US Caucasian population). Diabetes incidence was 117 per 100,000 (age standardized to the same population). These results compare well with those of a Mayo Clinic population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, and indicate the utility of physiciandefined diabetes as an epidemiologic case definition. Despite differences in population size and structure as well as different medical care systems, diabetes incidence, prevalence, and mortality in these communities was remarkably similar.
Variations in FEV1 decline over time in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its implications

Purpose of review This article reviews findings from longitudinal observational studies in both general and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) populations, as well as from intervention trials in COPD, in which the annual rate of decline in forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) has been measured. The purpose of the review is to describe the individual variability in rates of decline in FEV1 within these populations, explore the factors contributing to this variability and discuss its implications. Recent findings Individual rates of decline in FEV1 have been found to vary considerably across participants with COPD in both observational cohorts and intervention trials from decreases as rapid as 150–200 ml per year to increases of up to approximately 150 ml per year, with mean rates of decline ranging from 33 to 69 ml per year. Aside from technical and biologic (e.g., time of day, season, weather, fatigue) sources of variation, other influential factors have included smoking status (most notably current versus former smoking), baseline smoking intensity, baseline lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness, exacerbation frequency, and, variably, age and sex. The presence of emphysema may also be a determinant, as well as certain biomarkers and gene variants. Summary The wide distribution of individual rates of decline in FEV1 includes especially rapid and slow declines. Future research is needed to identify biomarkers that both are predictive of a rapid decline within individuals who might then be targeted for special intervention and might also serve as surrogate endpoints in interventional trials.