Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Importance of amino acid 216 in nonstructural protein 2B for replication of hepatitis A virus in cell culture and in vivo

Clinical isolates of hepatitis A virus (HAV) replicate inefficiently in cell culture unless mutations are acquired throughout the genome. An Ala‐to‐Val substitution in the nonstructural protein 2B (2B‐216) was known to have a major impact on replication in cell culture. Analysis of chimeric viruses confirmed that the 2B‐A[216]V change was critical for efficient replication and that Leu or Ile could substitute for Val. Viruses containing Val, Ile, or Leu at 2B‐216 all replicated with similar kinetics in cell culture, whereas the virus containing Ala at this position grew 10‐ to 20‐fold less efficiently. In contrast, in vivo, virus with either Ala or Val at 2B‐216 replicated equally efficiently when tested in a chimpanzee and in tamarins, and each amino acid was stably maintained. Attempts to complement wild‐type 2B in trans with adapted 2B provided by co‐infection with a second viable HAV mutant failed to enhance replication of the virus containing the wild‐type 2B sequence. J. Med. Virol. 71:7–17, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heritability and role for the environment in DNA methylation in AXL receptor tyrosine kinase

DNA methylation in AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase relevant in cancer and immune function, is reportedly highly heritable. We present evidence to suggest that heritability of DNA methylation in AXL is variable, dependent on population characteristics and cell type studied. Moreover, environmental exposures in utero, particularly exposure to maternal smoking, contributes to variation in DNA methylation of select CpG loci that can affect calculations of heritability. Children exposed to maternal smoking in utero had a 2.3% increase (95 % CI 0.3, 4.2) in DNA methylation in AXL, which was magnified in girls as compared to boys. These results present compelling evidence that environmental exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy may alter DNA methylation levels in subtle but potentially important ways, and that these changes are persistent years after birth.
OPERATOR ALGEBRAS AND HYPERBOLIC DYNAMICS

The class of dynamical systems we will consider are expansive homeomorphisms of compact metric spaces, (X, f), which have canonical coordinates. These have been called Smale spaces by Ruelle, [17]. To be more precise, a homeomorphism f : X → X is expansive if there is an expansivity constant δ > 0 so that if d(fn(x), fn(y)) < δ for all n, then x = y. The ε-stable set at x is W s(x, ε) = {y : d(fn(x), fn(y)) ≤ ε for all n ≥ 0} and the ε-unstable set is Wu(x, ε) = {y : d(fn(x), fn(y)) ≤ ε for all n ≤ 0}. The meaning of canonical coordinates is that there exist an ε0 > 0 so that for any ε with ε0 > ε > 0 there is a homeomorphism of W s(x, ε)×Wu(x, ε) with a neighborhood of x satisfying certain properties, [17]. Further, there is a constant λ, with 0 < λ < 1 such that the homeomorphism f expands by a factor of λ in the ε-unstable set and contracts by λ on the ε-stable set. We require also that (X, f) is topologically mixing. It is a consequence of these properties that a Smale space has a dense set of periodic points and also a dense orbit. Moreover, its topological entropy is log λ > 0, so it can be considered a “chaotic” dynamical system. Basic sets
Design Development and Modelling of Linear Permanent Magnet Generator Topologies for Wave Energy Conversion

This paper presents the design development and mathematical modeling of linear permanent magnet (PM) generator topologies for wave energy conversion. Three different topologies are proposed and developed using different design configuration and are compared with conventional topology for validation purpose. Mathematical model is developed for each topology based on its geometry. All the topologies are compared by using their corresponding mathematical models and taking into account constrained parameters of linear PM generator. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is carried out in order to determine electromagnetic characteristics and analyze all the topologies by using their resultant data and dimensions obtained after model comparison. The main results; inducedEMF and flux-linkage for all proposed topologies are presented, which shows that Topology No.1 (Trgr-coil) has leading performance as compared to other topologies.
Verbal Lie Detection Tools : Statement Validity Analysis , Reality Monitoring and Scientific Content Analysis

One approach to detecting lies that has a long history is to analyse speech content. In around 900 BC, a papyrus of the Vedas described how to identify a poisoner. In addition to some physiological and behavioural cues, it says that a poisoner ‘does not answer questions, or they give evasive answers; he speaks nonsense’ (Trovillo, 1939, p. 849). Tardieu, a French forensic expert, already acknowledged in the 1850s that in children’s alleged sexual abuse cases, certain characteristics in the story needs to be considered, such as ‘quantity of detail’ (LamersWinkelman, 1999). Walker (1886), an American forensic medical doctor, claimed that mere reliance upon the physical examination in alleged child sexual abuse cases is unreliable. Rather, according to Walker, children should be encouraged to tell their stories in their own words, and the way in which children tell their stories and the expressions they
THE PLANNER OF MOVEMENT OF A QUADROCOPTER BASED ON VORONOI DIAGRAM

The purpose of work is the solution of a problem of planning of movement of a quadrocopter in the environment with an unknown obstacles location. The solution of a task is carried out using the Voronoi diagram. The analysis of many known works showed that planning of movement of movable object in the environment with an unknown location of obstacles requires large computing resources. In article the algorithm of mapping of the environment based on information of locator is offered. The locator is mounted on a movable object. The task of planning of a trajectory is solved in real time. The stages of algorithm of a clustering of coordinates of the obstacles are defined. The version of the analysis of clusters of coordinates through crossing of polygons is offered. A procedure for the analysis of sensor data at the coincidence of the information with the data in the base of coordinates. The modes of the movement of movable object in the environment are considered: the movement between obstacle, the movement from the left and from the right from obstacles, the movement without obstacles. The description of the bypass mechanism of obstacles in an increment of coordinates of the extreme points belonging to one object is provided. The movement between obstacles on an edge of Voronoi diagram is considered, that corresponds to the case of an incomplete road map. The modeling of the movement in case of location of obstacle near the aim and at a uniform location of obstacles in the environment is carried out.
The chemical composition of the nucleic acids and the proteins of some mycoplasma strains.

SUMMARY: The base compositions of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribo-nucleic acid (RNA) of three strains of Mycoplasma laidlawii and one of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides have been determined. The adenine (A) + thymine (T) content of all the samples examined was much greater than the guanine (G) + cytosine (C) content, the values for % GC ranging from 34.4 to 32.5 for the sample of M. laidlawii to 30.0 for M. mycoides var. mycoides. The adenine + uracil/guanine + cytosine value for the RNA of all the samples was in the range 1.17–1.20. The amino acid content of the protein of Mycoplasma laidlawii was also determined. This agrees closely with the values obtained by Sueoka (1961) for the amino acid composition of the protein for a bacterium having the same DNA base composition. The values given in a previous communication (Jones, Tittensor & Walker, 1965) for the amino acid composition of the protein of Mycoplasma mycoides var. capri were incorrect since a protein fraction had precipitated from the medium during the growth of the organism because of the decrease in pH value of the culture which occurred. The correct values are now given and they agree closely with the values predicted from the work of Sueoka (1961).
Research progress on the role of intestinal flora in obesity and diabetes intervention

There are about 1 000 kinds of microorganisms in the human gut, the number of microbial cells is about 10 times than the number of human cells, the number of genes is 100 times than that of the human genes, which play an important role in the material metabolism, energy transformation, immune system development, neural circuit construction, and to prevent pathogens invasion and other aspects. These microorganisms are also associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, IBD/IBS, colorectal cancer, cirrhosis, rheumatism, autism, Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease and so on[1-4]. Intestinal microflora is also known as the second set of genomes, which is closely related to human health. Due to the rapid development of genomics, the upgrading of sequencing technology, and the leap in bioinformatics analysis technology, it is possible to study microbiological systems including unknown/untrained microorganisms. As a result of the discovery of new enzymes, signaling molecules and new species, and as a biomarker associated with disease, microbial macro genome research has high hopes for precision medicine. 2. Intestinal microbes and obesity
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia as an Adjunct Therapy to Reduce ICD Shocks

Patients with cardiomyopathy have improved long-term survival when implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy is added to standard medical therapy. However, ICDs do not prevent arrhythmias and they provide benefit by delivering painful shocks. Furthermore, ICD shocks have been associated with poor quality of life and increased mortality. Medical therapy alone is not sufficient in eliminating shocks, and the use of antiarrhythmics provides modest benefit. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia is possible in patients with both ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. This procedure provides an adjunctive therapy to antiarrhythmics and has been shown to reduce ICD shocks. This article reviews the background of and role for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia as an adjunct therapy to reduce the frequency of ICD shocks. It highlights current data and an ongoing trial to address this important clinical dilemma.
APPLICATIONS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR DISEASE MAPPING

Background: Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provides a holistic approach to deal public health scenarios that promotes the wellbeing of human populations through organizing data about who we are, where we live, and how we live within a geographic framework. GIS incorporates data that describes population characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, and the landscape, and analyses the spatial relationship of these factors. The availability of powerful desktop GIS and spatially-enabled data has expanded the use of GIS beyond research institutes and state agencies to hospitals and medical centers. In addition to using GIS for organizing, linking, and presenting data sets, modeling local data can provide insights that lead to the development of programs that better serve the community.
Infrasonic scene fingerprinting for authenticating speaker location

Ambient infrasound with frequency ranges well below 20 Hz is known to carry robust navigation cues that can be exploited to authenticate the location of a speaker. Unfortunately, many of the mobile devices like smartphones have been optimized to work in the human auditory range, thereby suppressing information in the infrasonic region. In this paper, we show that these ultra-low frequency cues can still be extracted from a standard smartphone recording by using acceleration-based cepstral features. To validate our claim, we have collected smartphone recordings from more than 30 different scenes and used the cues for scene fingerprinting. We report scene recognition rates in excess of 90% and a feature set analysis reveals the importance of the infrasonic signatures towards achieving the state-of-the-art recognition performance.
Adsorption of Diuron and Linuron in Gaza Soils

This study investigated the adsorption potential of diuron and linuron in selected soil samples collected from agricultural area of Gaza Strip, Palestine and correlated the adsorption results to the soil properties. The adsorption experiments are based on the batch equilibrium technique and UV-Spectrophotometer method to determine the equilibrium concentration of both herbicides. Results of adsorption experiment showed that linuron and diuron are adsorbed in various amounts in Gaza soils according to the variation in pH, organic matter and clay content. Adsorption isotherms of both herbicides were linear in the tested concentration. Fitting the adsorption data to Freundlich equation showed good fitting and Freundlich constants were less than one indicating physical adsorption processes. It is concluded that soil organic matter and pH affect the adsorption of both herbicides. These results provided a better understanding of the behavior of diuron and linuron in Gaza soils.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Campylobacter jejuni Clinical Isolates, NW and D2600

ABSTRACT The Campylobacter jejuni human clinical isolates NW and D2600 colonized C57BL/6 interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10−/−) mice without inducing a robust inflammatory response (J. A. Bell et al., BMC Microbiol. 9:57, 2009). We announce draft genome sequences of NW and D2600 to facilitate comparisons with strains that induce gastrointestinal inflammation in this mouse model.
Fine Tuning the Enhanced Suffix Array

The enhanced suffix array is an indexing data structure used for a wide range of applications in Bioinformatics. It is basically the suffix array but enhanced with extra tables that provide extra information to improve the performance in theory and in practice. In this paper, we present a number of improvements to the enhanced suffix array: 1) We show how to find a pattern of length m in O(m) time, i.e., independent of the alphabet size. 2) We present an improved representation of the bucket table. 3) We improve the access time of addressing the LCP (longest common prefix) table when one byte per entry is used in representing it. The basic idea behind these improvements is the extensive use of the minimal perfect hashing technique, by which n static items can be stored in linear space while retaining O(1) access time.
COMPARING THE INTEGRATION OF INNOVATIVE ASPECTS IN SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS

This paper describes a methodology to assess the broadness of innovation in smart grid demonstration projects. The proposed methodology extends previously published methods by using a single indicator which evaluates relevant smart grid criteria. In this work, additional criteria have been added to the indicator in order to enhance the smart grid concept. The customization of the smart grid scope indicator (SGSI) to focus on specific aspects of smart grid projects is also proposed. Further improvements described in this paper concern a method to account for the reliability of reference material used for analytic purposes. Finally, results of the evaluation method will be presented, based on an independent survey of the current major smart grid demonstration projects throughout the world.
Coaxial Needle Technique for Percutaneous Nephrostomy

Purpose: To describe a new coaxial needle technique for percutaneous nephrostomy. Materials and methods: The technique was performed in six patients where standard ultrasound guidance techniques had failed. A 15 cm, 18 gauge trocar needle was placed adjacent to the renal capsule under ultrasound guidance and a 20 cm, 22 gauge Chiba needle was then placed through the 18-gauge needle to access the renal collecting system. Results: Successful access into the renal collecting system was achieved in all patients with no complications. Conclusions: The coaxial needle technique can be used to successfully access the renal collecting system in a manner that is safe and effective.
Hierarchy and Information

The information that public officials use to make decisions determines the distribution of public resources and the efficacy of public policy. This paper develops a measurement framework for assessing the accuracy of a set of fundamental bureaucratic beliefs and provides experimental evidence on the possibility of 'evidence briefings' improving that accuracy. The errors of public officials are large, with 49 percent of officials making errors that are at least 50 percent of objective benchmark data. The provision of briefings reduces these errors by a quarter of a standard deviation, but in line with theoretical predictions, organizational incentives mediate their effectiveness.
Designing an Answer Template Retrieval System

This paper describes an Information Retrieval approach to address the problem of automatically retrieving an answer to an input email. This task is to be performed in the costumer service of a company that receives emails from their clients, regarding their products and services. It is common for the employees in the costumer services to use past answer as templates when they receive a reoccurring email about a certain issue. This way, instead of starting to write an answer from scratch, they just need to edit some parts of an old answer (such as names or dates), which is much faster. Therefore, what is required is to return an answer which can be used as a template. In this context, two tasks must be performed by our system: identifying similar answers that can be used as templates and retrieving the appropriate answer given a new (unseen) email. Throughout the design of the retrieval system, special attention is given to scalability aspects, since large amounts of data are involved. In this perspective, we present efficient methods that can be used in both tasks that are addressed. Results show interesting values for Precision@10 and Mean Reciprocal Rank@10 (0.62 and 0.45 respectively), considering that no more domain specific processing on the data was done after finding similar answers.
Effects of metals on growth and sporulation of aquatic fungi

Aquatic hyphomycetes are a relevant group of fungi that play a crucial role as intermediaries between plant detritus and invertebrates in clean or metal-polluted streams. In this study, we investigated the effects of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd on the growth and sporulation of several aquatic hyphomycete species. Effects of these metals on growth were assessed in solid and liquid media with different compositions [1% malt extract (ME) and a mineral medium supplemented with vitamins and 2% glucose (MK)], and fungal sensitivity to metals was compared. The exposure to Zn or Cd inhibited the sporulation of Heliscus submersus and Tricladium chaetocladium, with these effects being stronger in the latter species. In solid medium, mydelial growth was linear, and, in most cases, metals negatively affected fungal growth. The sensitivity of aquatic hyphomycetes to metals, assessed as the metal concentration inhibiting biomass production in 50% (EC50), showed that Ypsilina graminea and Varicosporium elodeae were the most resistant species to Zn, while Alatospora acuminata, H. submersus, and Flagellospora curta appeared to be the most resistant fungus to Cu. Generally, lower toxicity of Zn or Cu than Ni or Cd was found. However, EC50 values were about 20 times higher in solid than in liquid medium. Changes in nutrient supplies to fungi affected metal toxicity, as shown by higher EC50 values in MK than ME. Complementarily, fungal tolerance to metals varied with fungal species as well as metal type.
Corpus Linguistics for the Annotation Manager

Hand crafted annotated corpora are acknowledged as critical elements for the Human Language Technologies but systems have to be trained on domain specific data to achieve a high level of performance. This is the reason why numerous annotation campaigns are launched. The role of the annotation manager consists in designing the annotation protocol, sometimes selecting the source data, hiring the required number of annotators with the adequate competences, writing the annotation guidelines, controlling the annotation process and delivering the resulting annotated corpus with the expected quality. However, for a given task, the complexity of the annotation work seems to be highly dependent on the type of corpus to annotate. Since this affects both the cost and the quality of the annotation, it is an important issue to tackle for the annotation manager. This paper illustrates the role of corpus linguistics for the management of annotations through a specific annotation campaign. We show how the corpus characteristics affect all aspects of the annotation protocol: the design of the annotation guidelines, the selection of the a sub-corpus for training, the duration of the annotator's training, the complexity of the annotation formalism, the quality of the resulting annotation.
Towards an understanding of the relationship between disciplinary research cultures and open access repository behaviors

This article explores the cultural characteristics of three open access (OA)‐friendly disciplines (physics, economics, and clinical medicine) and the ways in which those characteristics influence perceptions, motivations, and behaviors toward green OA. The empirical data are taken from two online surveys of European authors. Taking a domain analytic approach, the analysis draws on Becher and Trowler's (2001) and Whitley's (2000) theories to gain a deeper understanding of why OA repositories (OAR) play a particularly important role in the chosen disciplines. The surveys provided a unique opportunity to compare perceptions, motivations, and behaviors of researchers at the discipline level with the parent metadiscipline. It should be noted that participants were not drawn from a stratified sample of all the different subdisciplines that constitute each discipline, and therefore the generalizability of the findings to the discipline may be limited. The differential role of informal and formal communication in each of the three disciplines has shaped green OA practices. For physicists and economists, preprints are an essential feature of their respective OAR landscapes, whereas for clinical medics final published articles have a central role. In comparing the disciplines with their parent metadisciplines there were some notable similarities/differences, which have methodological implications for studying research cultures.
Non-rigidity Degree of a Lattice and Rigid Lattices

Voronoi defines a partition of the cone of positive semidefinite n -ary formsPn into L -type domains. Each L -type domain is an open polyhedral cone of dimensionk , 1 ? k? n(n+ 1)2, where n is the number of variables and dimension of the corresponding lattice. We define a non-rigidity degree of a lattice as the dimension of the L -type domain containing the lattice. We prove that the non-rigidity degree of a lattice equals the corank of a system of equalities connecting norms of minimal vectors of cosets of 2 L in L. A lattice of non-rigidity degree 1 is called rigid. A lattice is rigid if any of its sufficiently small deformations distinct from a homothety changes its L -type. Using the list of 84 zone-contracted Voronoi polytopes inR5given by Engel 8, we give a complete list of seven five-dimensional rigid lattices.