Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salmonella Typhimurium Lacking YjeK as a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine Against Invasive Salmonella Infection

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes gastrointestinal infection, which is commonly self-limiting in healthy humans but may lead to invasive infection at extraintestinal sites, leading to bacteremia and focal systemic infections in the immunocompromised. However, a prophylactic vaccine against invasive NTS has not yet been developed. In this work, we explored the potential of a ΔyjeK mutant strain as a live attenuated vaccine against invasive NTS infection. YjeK in combination with YjeA is required for the post-translational modification of elongation factor P (EF-P), which is critical for bacterial protein synthesis. Therefore, malfunction of YjeK and YjeA-mediated EF-P activation might extensively influence protein expression during Salmonella infection. Salmonella lacking YjeK showed substantial alterations in bacterial motility, antibiotics resistance, and virulence. Interestingly, deletion of the yjeK gene increased the expression levels of Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 genes but decreased the transcription levels of SPI-2 genes, thereby influencing bacterial invasion and survival abilities in contact with host cells. In a mouse model, the ΔyjeK mutant strain alleviated the levels of splenomegaly and bacterial burdens in the spleen and liver in comparison with the wild-type strain. However, mice immunized with the ΔyjeK mutant displayed increased Th1- and Th2-mediated immune responses at 28 days post-infection, promoting cytokines and antibodies production. Notably, the Th2-associated antibody response was highly induced by administration of the ΔyjeK mutant strain. Consequently, vaccination with the ΔyjeK mutant strain protected 100% of the mice against challenge with lethal invasive Salmonella and significantly relieved bacterial burdens in the organs. Collectively, these results suggest that the ΔyjeK mutant strain can be exploited as a promising live attenuated NTS vaccine.
A Review of Sensory Feedback in Upper-Limb Prostheses From the Perspective of Human Motor Control

This manuscript reviews historical and recent studies that focus on supplementary sensory feedback for use in upper limb prostheses. It shows that the inability of many studies to speak to the issue of meaningful performance improvements in real-life scenarios is caused by the complexity of the interactions of supplementary sensory feedback with other types of feedback along with other portions of the motor control process. To do this, the present manuscript frames the question of supplementary feedback from the perspective of computational motor control, providing a brief review of the main advances in that field over the last 20 years. It then separates the studies on the closed-loop prosthesis control into distinct categories, which are defined by relating the impact of feedback to the relevant components of the motor control framework, and reviews the work that has been done over the last 50+ years in each of those categories. It ends with a discussion of the studies, along with suggestions for experimental construction and connections with other areas of research, such as machine learning.
Screened Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Predictor of Substance Use Initiation and Escalation in Early Adulthood and the Role of Self-Reported Conduct Disorder and Sensation Seeking: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study with Young Adult Swiss Men

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and sensation seeking (SS) have been consistently related to a higher risk of substance use (SU) and substance use disorder (SUD). Objectives: To investigate the relationship between ADHD and prevalence rates in males at age 20 and age 25, the initiation of SU and SUD after age 20, and the escalation of SU from age 20 to age 25, and to explore the role of CD and SS in the relation of ADHD with SU and SUD initiation and escalation. Method: Data were obtained as part of the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), which focused on young Swiss men aged 20 years at baseline and 25 years at follow-up. Results: Participants who screened positive for ADHD at baseline exhibited a higher rate of SU and SUD than participants who screened negative. The presence of ADHD symptoms at age 20 predicted initiation of all SU between age 20 and age 25, except for alcohol and smoking. After controlling for self-reported CD and SS, ADHD still predicted this late initiation of use of hallucinogens, meth-/amphetamines, and ecstasy/MDMA; non-medical use of ADHD medication and sedatives, and alcohol use disorder (AUD). No escalation of weekly drinking and smoking or annual cannabis use was observed from age 20 to age 25. Conclusion: Screened-positive ADHD is an independent predictor of late SU and AUD, along with self-reported CD and SS. From a public health perspective, identifying ADHD is not only important in childhood and adolescence but also in early adulthood to guide specific interventions to lower risks of drug use initiation and the development of AUD in early adulthood.
Heat‐induced Gels of Rice Globulin: Comparison of Gel Properties with Soybean and Sesame Globulins

The hardness and water-holding ability of rice globulin gels were intermediate between those of gels of soybean and sesame globulins. Scanning electron micrographs showed that rice globulin gel had a rough network structure composed of small globular particles of protein aggregates. Effects of various reagents on solubilization of proteins from the three gel types were compared. Disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions contributed mainly to the stability of rice globulin gels. The contributions of disulfide bonds to both the formation and stability of rice globulin gels were greater than for sesame globulin gels.
Development and testing of an Index of Stream Condition for waterway management in Australia

Summary 1. An Index of Stream Condition (ISC) has been developed to assist broad scale management of waterways by providing an integrated measure of their environmental condition. 2. The ISC provides scores for five components of stream condition: (i) hydrology (based on change in volume and seasonality of flow from natural conditions); (ii) physical form (based on bank stability, bed erosion or aggradation, influence of artificial barriers, and abundance and origin of coarse woody debris); (iii) streamside zone (based on types of plants; spatial extent, width, and intactness of riparian vegetation; regeneration of overstorey species, and condition of wetlands and billabongs); (iv) water quality (based on an assessment of phosphorus, turbidity, electrical conductivity and pH); and (v) aquatic life (based on number of families of macroinvertebrates). 3. The ISC is intended for use by managers at state and regional levels and can be used to report on stream condition, assist with priority setting, judge the long-term effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and assist with adaptive management. The best available scientific information was used by a multidisciplinary group of scientists and managers to create a stream assessment procedure that can be used routinely by people with limited scientific training. 4. ISC development included trials in four catchments in Victoria, Australia. Over 80 stream reaches were assessed and the results were used to refine the ISC to improve the ease of measurement and ensure that outcomes met the expectations of users. The ISC is now available to be used more widely for reporting on stream condition.
Mosses and the Caribbean Connection Between North and South America

Abstract The West Indian moss flora, with about 714 species and varieties, is widely represented in North America (Mexico), Central and South America. There are northward and southward trends in the distribution of taxa that suggest, along with the overall similarity of the moss flora of each area, that mosses dispersed to Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and the Lesser Antilles in Pliocene and Pleistocene times. A vicariant event is not favored as the explanation for most patterns of distribution, because much of the islands' surface was underwater when rafting was completed. A dendrogram resulting from an UPGMA cluster analysis of the similarity matrix shows that Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Jamaica exhibit floristic differences among them and with their neighbors that seem to be consistent with the a non-vicariant origin of the moss floras.
Set for Success: Building a Strong Foundation for School Readiness Based on the Social-Emotional Development of Young Children

The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation sponsored the first in a series of Exchanges in Early Education in November 2001. The purpose of the series is to determine how research, practice, and policy can best prepare young children and families for later school success. The focus of the inaugural Exchange highlighted the link between social-emotional development and later cognitive development. Twelve leading experts in the field of early childhood development made presentations. This document contains the full commissioned papers from six of the twelve invited speakers.
Competition increasingly dominates the responsiveness of juvenile beech and spruce to elevated CO2 and/or O3 concentrations throughout two subsequent growing seasons

Saplings of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies were grown in mono‐ and mixed cultures in a 2‐year phytotron study under all four combinations of ambient and elevated ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. The hypotheses tested were (1) that the competitiveness of beech rather than spruce is negatively affected by the exposure to enhanced O3 concentrations, (2) spruce benefits from the increase of resource availability (elevated CO2) in the mixed culture and (3) that the responsiveness of plants to CO2 and O3 depends on the type of competition (i.e. intra vs. interspecific).
Injertos óseos - Nueva alternativa. Fase I. Extracción de proteínas morfogenéticas parcialmente purificadas de hueso bovino

Resumen El proposito de esta investigacion fue extraer a partir de hueso bovino y mediante procedimientos quimicos, Proteinas Morfogeneticas Oseas (PMO), parcialmente purificadas que posean caracteristicas osteoinductivas, de alta calidad, baja antigenicidad y alta biodisponibilidad, para ser utilizadas como material de injerto oseo. El procedimiento se llevo a cabo mediante cinco etapas basicas asi: Molienda del material; extraccion de lipidos; desmineralizacion; extraccion del colageno; obtencion de la fraccion proteica. Para verificar la efectividad de la desmineralizacion y demas procesos, se procedio como sigue: Metodo de Soxhlet; espectrometria de Absorcion Atomica de Calcio; tincion de picrofucsina de Van Gieson; electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida-Dodecil Sulfato Sodico. Se obtuvo un material con proteinas de peso molecular aparente en el rango de 18 a 120 KDa, principalmente en las bandas correspondientes a 18, 24, 34, 68, 72, 90, 120 KDa, mediante electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida Dodecil Sulfato Sodico (SDS-PAGE) el cual fue liofilizado y almacenado en ampollas de vidrio selladas al vacio para su conservacion y uso posterior. Palabras clave: biomateriales, factores de crecimiento, osteoregeneracion. Summary The purpose of this research was to extract from bovine bone and through physical and chemical procedures, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) partially purified, with high-quality osteoinduction characteristics, low antigenicity and high bioavailability. These proteins will be utilized as bone graft material. The procedure was performed through five basic steps: Milling the bovine bone, lipid extraction, demineralization, collagen extraction, obtention of the protein fraction. These steps were verified respectively through the following analysis: The Soxhlet method, Atomic Absorption for Calcium determination, Van Gieson Pycrofucsin Stain. , Polyacrilamide Gel-Electrophoresis-SodiumDuodecyl-Sulphate (PAGE-SDS). BMPs partially purified were obtained through Polyacrilamide Gel-Electrophoresis-Sodium-Duodecyl-Sulphate (PAGE-SDS. , with molecular weights between 18 - 120 Kda, mainly bands at 18, 24, 34, 68, 72, 90 and 120 KDa, This material was lyophilized, packed and stored in a vacuum sealed narrow-neck bottle for posterior use. Key words: biomaterials, growth factors, osteoregeneration.
Mild Heat Stress Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis Associated with Activation of the AMPKSIRT1- PGC-1alpha Pathway in C2C12 Myotubes

Author(s): Liu, Chien-Ting | Advisor(s): Brooks, George A | Abstract: During endurance exercise, most (about 75%) of the energy derived from the oxidation of metabolic fuels and ATP hydrolysis of muscle contraction is liberated as heat, the accumulation of which leads to an increase in body temperature. For example, the temperature of exercising muscles can rise to 40 degrees C. Although severe heat injury can be deleterious, several beneficial effects of mild heat stress (HS), such as the improvement of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes have been reported. However, among all cellular events induced by mild HS from physical activities, the direct effects and mechanisms of mild HS on mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle are least characterized. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are key energy-sensing molecules regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. In C2C12 myotubes, we found that one-hr mild HS at 40 degrees C increased both AMPK activity and SIRT1 expression, as well as increased the expression of several mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In particular, PGC-1alpha expression was found to be transcriptionally regulated by mild HS. Additionally, after repeated mild HS for 5 days, protein levels of PGC-1alpha and several mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation subunits also increased. Repeated mild HS also significantly increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. In conclusion, these data suggest that mild HS is sufficient to induce mitochondrial biogenesis associated with activation of the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1alpha pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, it is possible that muscle heat production during exercise plays a role in mitochondrial biogenesis.
Marine ecosystem acoustics (MEA): quantifying processes in the sea at the spatio-temporal scales on which they occur

Universityof Bergen, PO Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway*Corresponding author: tel: +47 55238500; fax: +47 55236830; e-mail: olavrune@imr.noGodo, O. R. , Handegard, N. O. , Browman, H. I. , Macaulay, G. J., Kaartvedt, S. , Giske, J., Ona, E. , Huse, G. , and Johnsen, E. Marineecosystem acoustics (MEA): quantifying processes in the sea at the spatio-temporal scales on which they occur. – ICESJournal of Marine Science, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu116.Received27 March2014; revised 29 May2014; accepted 9 June 2014. Sustainablemanagementofﬁsheriesresourcesrequiresquantitativeknowledgeandunderstandingofspeciesdistribution,abundance,andprod-uctivity-determiningprocesses.Conventionalsamplingbyphysicalcaptureisinconsistentwiththespatialandtemporalscalesonwhichmanyoftheseprocessesoccur. Incontrast,acousticobservationscanbeobtainedonspatialscalesfromcentimetrestooceanbasins,andtemporalscalesfromsecondstoseasons.Theconceptofmarineecosystemacoustics(MEA)isfoundedonthebasiccapabilityofacousticstodetect,classify,andquantify organisms and biological and physical heterogeneities in the watercolumn. Acoustics observations integrateoperational technologies,platforms, and models and can generate information by taxon at the relevant scales. The gaps between single-species assessment and ecosys-tem-based management, as well as between ﬁsheries oceanography and ecology, are thereby bridged. The MEA concept combines state-of-the-art acoustic technology with advanced operationalcapabilities and tailored modelling integratedinto aﬂexibletool forecosystem researchand monitoring. Case studies are presented to illustrate application of the MEA concept in quantiﬁcation of biophysical coupling, patchinessof organisms, predator–prey interactions, and ﬁsh stock recruitment processes. Widespread implementation of MEA will have a large impacton marine monitoring and assessment practices and it is to be hoped that they also promote and facilitate interaction among disciplineswithin the marine sciences.Keywords:acoustics,assessment,ecology,ecosystem-basedﬁsheriesmanagement,ecosystemmodels,physical–biologicalcoupling,recruitmentprocesses, spatio-temporal scaling.
Lead–radium dating provides a framework for coordinating age estimation of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) between fishing areas

Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) or ‘Chilean sea bass’ support a valuable and controversial fishery, yet their life history is not well understood and longevity estimates range from ~20 to >50 years. In this study, lead–radium dating provided valid ages for juvenile to older adult groups, which were consistent with the counting of otolith growth zones in transverse otolith sections, and longevity estimates exceeding 30 years. Lead–radium dating revealed minor biases between the radiometric age and interpretation of growth zone counting for regional fishing areas monitored by two facilities, Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology (CQFE) and the Central Ageing Facility (CAF), using different age estimation techniques. For CQFE, under-ageing of ~3.3 years was observed for individuals with estimated ages under 20 years. For the CAF, ages were overestimated for young fish and underestimated for the oldest fish. Lead–radium dating detected underlying problems in coordinating age estimation between geographically separated fish stocks, and provided a framework to objectively assess otolith interpretation and growth modelling between laboratories based on age-validated data.
How to Identify Systemic Sepsis-Induced Immunoparalysis

The body develops compensatory mechanisms to prevent systemic inflammation in response to stress and injury. As overwhelming inflammation is rapidly lethal, these mechanisms have a protective effect during the first few hours after injury. However, they become deleterious as nearly all immune functions are compromised. The term “immunoparalysis” describes the global incapacity of the body to mount any kind of immune response; the extent of immunoparalysis is thought to correlate with life-threatening secondary infections and mortality. The hypoimmune state might require proinflammatory therapies to enhance immune function, but establishing the presence of immunodepression is crucial when considering such an approach. This article discusses methods for diagnosing immunoparalysis, in particular measurements of circulating monocyte human leukocyte antigen type DR expression and
Effect of wheat straw components on the yield of Pleurotus eous

A B S T R A C T Present study deals with the use of various components of wheat straw e.g. fine and coarse pieces of leaves and leaf sheath (0.2 and 0.4cm) and stem (1.0 and 1.7cm) for various parameters of mushroom production. Among various component of wheat straw, pieces of stem (1.0 and 1.7cm) were proved best with 341 gm, 68.2% and 336 gm, 67.2% yield and biological efficiency, respectively than wheat straw as a whole.
GENETIC STRUCTURE AMONG LAKE MICHIGAN'S LAKE WHITEFISH SPAWNING AGGREGATES

Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) have comprised an important commercial fishery on Lake Michigan since the early 1800s. Concerns exist regarding the commercial harvest of potentially shared stocks by Michigan and Wisconsin statelicensed and Tribal commercial fishing operations. Previous studies indicated potential stock structure, however, questions still exist regarding the number, identity, distribution, and discreteness of lake whitefish stocks in Lake Michigan. Stocks represent the basic biological unit of focus for fish management efforts and, subsequently, stock delineation is an integral part of sound, science-based, fisheries management programs. The objectives of the study were to determine the usefulness of lake whitefish microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity to discriminate among spawning stocks of lake whitefish and to describe the genetic population structure of spawning lake whitefish aggregates in northern Lake Michigan and Green Bay in terms of genetic stock identification and degree of stock isolation. I assumed that distinct spawning aggregates represented potential stocks and that differences at molecular markers underlie population differentiation. Twelve resolved microsatellite DNA loci exhibited adequate levels of diversity for population differentiation in terms of their allelic richness and heterozygosity, met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations and, therefore, the utility of the markers was considered sufficient. Two mitochondrial DNA gene regions (D-loop and ND5) exhibited low sequence diversity (π = 0.0002 and 0.0025, respectively) and low numbers of haplotypes (7 and 5, respectively). The observed diversity did not meet a priori levels of genetic diversity deemed necessary for population differentiation and the molecule was abandoned for further use. Genetic stock identification using the twelve
Polyphenol-Mediated Assembly for Particle Engineering.

ConspectusPolyphenols are naturally occurring compounds that are ubiquitous in plants and display a spectrum of physical, chemical, and biological properties. For example, they are antioxidants, have therapeutic properties, absorb UV radiation, and complex with metal ions. Additionally, polyphenols display high adherence, which has been exploited for assembling nanostructured materials. We previously reviewed the assembly of different phenolic materials and their applications (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 1904-1927); however, there is a need for a summary of the fundamental interactions that govern the assembly, stability, and function of polyphenol-based materials. A detailed understanding of interactions between polyphenols and various other building blocks will facilitate the rational design and assembly of advanced polyphenol particles for specific applications. This Account discusses how different interactions and bonding (i.e., hydrogen, π, hydrophobic, metal coordination, covalent, and electrostatic) can be leveraged to assemble and stabilize polyphenol-based particles for diverse applications. In polyphenol-mediated assembly strategies, the polyphenols typically exert more than one type of stabilizing attractive force. However, one interaction often dominates the assembly process and dictates the physicochemical behavior of the particles, which in turn influences potential applications. This Account is thus divided into sections that each focus on a key interaction with relevant examples of applications to highlight structure-function relationships. For example, metal coordination generally becomes weaker at lower pH, which makes it possible to engineer metal-phenolic materials with a pH-responsive disassembly profile suitable for drug delivery. Engineered particles, such as hollow capsules, mesoporous and core-shell particles, and self-assembled nanoparticles are some of the systems that are covered to highlight how polyphenols interact with other building blocks and therefore make up the major focus of this Account. Some of the applications of these materials exemplified in this Account include drug delivery, catalysis, environmental remediation, and forensics. Finally, a perspective is provided on the current challenges and trends in polyphenol-mediated particle assembly, and viable near-term strategies for further elucidating the interplay of various competing interactions in particle formation are discussed. This Account is also expected to serve as a reference to guide fundamental research and facilitate the rational design of polyphenol-based materials for diverse emerging applications.