Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laimaphelenchus persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Iran.

Laimaphelenchus persicus n. sp. is described and illustrated from the Caspian region of Iran, where it was extracted frombark collected from Pinus sylvestris. The new species is characterized by females with a body length of 615–925 µm, a (35.9–48.7), b (6.5–8.0), b' (3.9–5.4), c (17.5–24.7), c' (2.8–3.7), V (66.6–69.0%), stylet 10.0–11.5 µm, long post-vulvaluterine sac of 100–162μm, vulva having a flap, anteriorly sloping vagina massively sclerotized, and tail with an offsetterminus bearing 4 clearly pedunculate tubercles ending in 4–6 finger-like protrusions; and males with spicules 19–21μmlong, and three pairs of caudal papillae: one pre-anal, one at ca half tail length and one small pair anterior to tail terminus.The phylogenetic relationships of this new species were analysed using sequences of the D2/D3 region of the 28S ribo-somal RNA gene. SEM’s were prepared for morphologically informative parts and a dichotomous key to the genus Laimaphelenchus is given.
Design of a Wideband Pythagorean-tree shaped Fractal Monopole Antenna for RFID Applications

In this article, the design of a Pythagorean-tree shaped fractal microstrip antenna is investigated for RFID reader applications. The antenna consists of a fourth-order Pythagorean-tree shaped fractal, a feed-line matched to the radiator, and co-planar waveguide (CPW) line with the filleted ground plane. The monopole antenna provides a wider operational bandwidth from 4.22–7.52 GHz. The use of fractal geometry enhances the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna and reduces the metallic footprint size to a great extent. The simulated reflection coefficients are also validated with measured results. The simulated radiation characteristics demonstrate an omnidirectional pattern with the realized gain of 2.9 dBi at 5.8 GHz. The antenna with an overall dimension of 0. 36λ×0. 43λ×0. 015λ (λ represents the wavelength at 5.8 GHz) covers the entire 5.8 GHz ISM band.
Nilai Energi Metabolis dan Kecernaan Ransum Mengandung Imbuhan Pakan Berbasis Ekstrak Limbah Udang pada Ayam Broiler (Metabolizable Energy and Digestibility Value of Ration Containing Feed Supplement Based on Waste Extract Shrimp on Broilers)

Penelitian telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Unggas, Non Ruminansia dan Industri Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor- Sumedang. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji kualitas ekstrak limbah udang yang diolah melalui bioproses dengan bakteri Bacillus licheniformis dan kapang Aspergillus niger . Ekstrak produk bioproses disuplementasi dengan Sodium Hidro Sulfat (NaHSO4), kemudian ditambahkan binder (tapioka) sehingga menjadi imbuhan pakan. Guna menguji kualitas imbuhan pakan, ditambahkan ke dalam ransum ayam broiler dan diukur nilai energi metabolis serta kecernaannya. Percobaan dilakukan secara eksperimen di laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri atas 8 perlakuan ransum dan diulang 4 kali. Peubah yang diamati adalah energi metabolis dan kecernaan (kecernaan bahan kering, protein dan bahan organik). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa penggunaan imbuhan pakan pada tingkat 5% dalam ransum menghasilkan nilai energi metabolis dan kecernaan yang optimal (setara dengan ransum komersial). Nilai energi metabolis, kecernaan bahan kering, protein, dan bahan organik ransum, berturut-turut sebesar 2.973 kkal/kg; 75,07 %; 74,34%; dan 74,99 %. Ka t a Kunci: Limbah udang, bioproses, imbuhan pakan, kecernaan, energi metabolis, broiler.
Role of placenta growth factor (PIGF) and PIGF/VEGF heterodimer in the regulation of in vitro angiogenesis

Purpose:To determine the role of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in the different stages of angiogenesis. Methods:Bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells were isolated and grown in microvascular endothelial cell basal medium. We compared the effect of PlGF, VEGF and the VEGF/PlGF heterodimer at concentrations of 1 to 200ng on endothelial cell proliferation and migration. To assess the effect of the growth factors on tube formation cells were embedded in matrigel and tube length quantified by image analysis. Cell survival was assessed by the dye exclusion assay and Bcl-2 levels were determined by western blotting of protein extracts. Results:PlGF only weakly stimulated cell proliferation which was greatest for VEGF. PlGF had no effect on cell migration while the heterodimer showed activity intermediate between PlGF and VEGF. All three growth factors stimulated tube formation with the heterodimer demonstrating the greatest potency. Furthermore, PlGF and the heterodimer were able to sustain tube formation over a longer period than VEGF. PlGF, VEGF and VEGF/PlGF promoted cell survival equally in serum-depleted medium and was associated with Bcl-2 expression. PlGF and the heterodimer were able to sustain the survival effect for longer than VEGF alone. Conclusion:These findings indicate that PlGF and VEGF/PlGF heterodimer may play an important role in vessel stabilisation by regulating tube formation and cell survival.
Real-world challenges: using the virtual enterprise for successful product development projects

By building a "virtual enterprise" to achieve corporate goals, high-technology product development companies can supposedly stay both financially and technologically competitive in today's markets. The company concentrates "in-house" on core competencies, and turns to the outside expertise of organizations and individuals on an as-needed basis. However, if not created and managed properly, the virtual project teams created for such product development ventures can seriously threaten a firm's critical time-to-market goals. The difficulties of actually achieving truly synergistic partnerships and ultimately successful projects using team members outside the corporation must not be overlooked. When virtual team members are consultants or third-party development organizations, the success of the team depends upon the degree to which these various members are aligned in the following areas: values and goals; priorities; skills, experience, and capabilities; and product development processes. The project manager must understand how to assess and select team members, plan a project in detail considering the specific ramifications of remote members, and manage the project to its successful completion. This paper explains the "alignment factors" above and illustrates their potential impact, using examples from two projects from the author's experience which made use of third-party development organizations. The paper summarizes the actions project managers must take in planning and managing such projects, including questions for assessing and selecting the virtual project team members.
Milk Lipids – Composition, Origin and Properties

Abstract The lipid fraction of milk represents the most complex lipid fraction known of any raw materials used for human consumption. While most lipids in milk (>98%) are in the form of triglycerides, the remaining fraction of phospholipids, sphingolipids, diglycerides and monoglycerides also play a crucial role for physical and biological functionality of milk lipids. The fatty acids of milk lipids are both derived from de novo synthesis (C4 C16) and are also taken up from the blood (C16 and larger). Milk lipids exist in the form of lipid droplets, which are near-spherical droplets consisting of a core of triglycerides surrounded by a tri-layer membrane consisting of phospholipids, proteins and neutral glycerides. In this article, the composition, variation and biosynthesis of the lipid fraction of milk is described.
The Human Nervous System: Structure and Function

Gross Anatomy of the Brain -- Neurons and Associated Cells -- Basic Neurophysiology -- Blood Circulation -- Meninges, Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Development and Growth of the Nervous System -- The Spinal Cord -- Reflexes and Muscle Tone -- Pain and Temperature -- Discriminative General Senses, Crude Touch, and Proprioception -- Motoneurons and Motor Pathways -- Lesions of the Spinal Nerves and Spinal Cord -- Brainstem: Medulla, Pons, and Midbrain -- Cranial Nerves and Chemical Senses -- Neurotransmitters as the Chemical Messengers of Certain Circuits and Pathways -- Auditory and Vestibular Systems -- Lesions of the Brainstem -- Cerebellum -- The Visual System -- Autonomic Nervous System -- Hypothalamus -- The Reticular Formation and the Limbic System -- Thalamus -- Basal Ganglia and Extrapyramidal System -- Cerebral Cortex.
In silco Prediction of Target Genes for Up-Regulated MicroRNAs in Male Infertile Patients

MicroRNAs are small molecules that control expression post transcriptionally. Due to diversity in microRNAs and difficulty in experimental identification of target genes, the specific function of most microRNAs are not known. It is necessary to find their target mRNAs. Computational target prediction helps MiRNA-mRNA interactions for experimental studies. Infertility is an important health related problem. Approximately 10-15% of couples face infertility problem worldwide. About 50% of infertility issues are attributable to male factors. A large number of infertility cases are idiopathic, since their molecular mechanism is unknown. MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in male patients with complications in fertility. They are involved in regulating various reproductive processes such as embryogenesis and spermatogenesis. The current study was carried out to find out the important genes that are targets for up-regulated microRNAs in infertile patients. Up-regulated microRNAs reported by previous studies were searched and a list of up-regulated microRNAs in male infertile patients was obtained. Total 24 microRNAs were enlisted from various studies. To find out the target genes three online tools were used including microRNA Data Base (mir-DB), Targetscan (TS) and DIANA tools. In the final list those microRNAs-targets were included which were predicted by all the three target prediction tools (TPTs) and were present on the top 20 list of the respective TPTs. Also those microRNAs were included which were predicted by at least two software and were targets for more than one up-regulated microRNAs in infertile patients. In the result we created a list of 36 genes predicted by all the three TPTs and another list of 15 genes that are predicted targets of more than one microRNA. On the basis of our results it is stated that exploring the role of these genes might provide an important insight into the mechanism and reasons behind idiopathic male infertility.
Genotypic Variation in Flowering and Maturing Periods and Their Relations with Plant Yield and Yield Components in Soybean

Improvement of crop yield can be achieved through understanding genetic variation in reproductive characters and its impact on yield components. The present study was performed to evaluate genetic diversity for reproductive growth characters in exotic germplasm resources and to determine the relationships between developmental and growth periods with yield and yield components in soybean cultivar groups. For phenotypic evaluation such as reproductive and agronomic traits, a total of 80 indigenous and exotic soybean cultivars collected from four different geographical regions (China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam) were grown from May to November of 2003 at the Seoul National University Farm, Suwon, Korea (127°02'E longitude, 37°26'N latitude). Most of all the characters exhibited wide range of pheno-typic variation, of which pod number, seed number, and plant yield showed greater range as compared to other characters. Korean cultivar groups showed greater diversity than the other cultivar groups in seven characters. Correlation analysis showed that days to flowering (DTF) and days to maturity (DTM) had close association with agronomic traits as well as yield and yield components. Both DTF and DTM had positive correlation with the other characters except one hundred seed weight. Stepwise multiple linear regression revealed that seed and pod number were identified as being significant for plant yield. The results in this study indicated wide variation in agronomic traits including DTF and DTM, suggesting the valuable genetic resources in a soybean breeding program.
Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09 Effectively Degrades Phenanthrene, a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, in a Soil Microcosm

We isolated a potent phenanthrene-degrading bacterium from oil-contaminated soils of Suzhou, China, and assessed the potential use of these bacteria for bioremediation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a microcosm. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing, we identified this bacteria as Sphigobacterium sp. SW-09. By PCR amplification, we also identified catechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes (nahH genes) mediating PAH degradation. Staphylococcus sp. KW-07, which has been identified in our previous study, showed potential for use in bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils. In this experiment, we compared the rate of phenanthrene-degradation between Staphylococcus sp. KW-07 and Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09 in a microcosm condition. Newly isolated Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09 showed a higher phenanthrene-degradation rate than that of Staphylococcus sp. KW-07 in soil microcosms. Together, our results suggest that the Sphingobacterim sp. SW-09 strain isolated from the Suzhou area may also be useful in bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils.
Art Education in Central and Eastern Europe

In political terms, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine belong to Eastern Europe, according to the classification of the United Nations. Cultural and historical connections in the region, however, necessitate the inclusion of centrally located Austria, a historic superpower and cultural organizer of the area in any educational analysis. The concept of Eastern Europe, or rather Central and Eastern Europe, originates from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (or, in many English-language sources, the Austro-Hungarian empire), geographically the second largest country in Europe after the Russian empire, which existed from 1867 to 1918, when it was dissolved into the Hungarian Kingdom, the Austrian Republic, the Czechoslovak Republic, the Republic of Poland, and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Art education, as we understand the concept today, was initiated in Central and Eastern Europe in the late nineteenth century, mainly under the influence of the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations at the Crystal Palace in London in 1851, when arts and crafts were first presented as major national achievements equal to science and technology. A central curriculum for drawing (German Zeichenunterricht),
Phylogeny of the rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia : Macropodidae) based on DNA/DNA hybridisation

DNA/DNA hybridisation analysis was undertaken to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the chromosomally diverse genus Petrogale. Excepting P. concinna, all full species and three subspecies of P. lateralis were examined; all but four of these 16 taxa were labeled, as were four outgroup species. While demonstrating the ability of the technique to resolve relationships at the species level, our study confirmed that divergence of Petrogale species is recent and occurred during the late Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene. Our data placed the first division within Petrogale species between the monophyletic brachyotis group and the paraphyletic xanthopus plus lateralis/penicillata groups, the latter including P. rothschildi; the subspecies P. l. purpureicollisappears to be intermediate between thelateralis and thepenicillata complexes. However, our data could not resolve most relationships amongst the eastern Petrogale radiation, except for a probable grouping of the species P. herberti,P. inornata,P. penicillata, andP. sharmani. Finally, our results support recent suggestions that Dendrolagus rather than Thylogaleis the sister taxon to Petrogale.
Antimicrobial screening of Cassia occidentalis L. in vivo and in vitro

Ethanol extracts of different parts and the calli of Cassia occidentalis, and sequential extracts (petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethanol and water) of whole plant and metabolite‐rich fractions (anthraquinones, sennosides and flavonoids) of leaves, pods, flowers and callus have been tested against indicator human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Likewise, an ethanol extract (whole plant) was tested against selected viruses and for antitumour and cytotoxicity following established protocols. The anthraquinones were found to be more active against E. coli and S. aureus (IZ 22 mm) while sennosides were more active against A. flavus (IZ 28 mm). However, no antiviral, antitumour or cytotoxicity effect was exhibited against the test systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chalara fraxinea sp. nov. associated with dieback of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Poland

Summary A new species of the hyphomycete genus Chalara is described. It has been frequently isolated from stems and branches and sometimes also from roots of wilting and dying Fraxinus excelsior in Poland. It differs from previously described species of Chalara by its small, short cylindrical phialoconidia extruded in chains or in slimy droplets, morphological features of the phialophores and by colony characteristics. It is non-tolerant to cycloheximide.
The Role of the RanGTPase in Mitotic Spindle Assembly

Mitosis is the process whereby a cell separates its paired chromosomes into two new identical daughter cells. To achieve this and maintain the correct amount of deoxyribo nuclic acid (DNA) in the cells, the cell forms a framework called the mitotic spindle onto which the chromosomes attach and then get pulled into the new daughter cells. The mitotic spindle is made up of microtubules and associated proteins. The GTPase Ran, which is important for nuclear import and export, plays important roles in regulating the formation of the mitotic spindle. Ran can bind and hydrolyse guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which enables it to regulate several cellular processes. Generation of Ran-GTP at the chromosomes creates an intracellular gradient that provides directionality to nuclear cytoplasmic transport during interphase and creates an environment around the chromosomes to facilitate spindle assembly. Key Concepts: Ran is a small GTPase. During interphase, spindle assembly factors bind to Importin-β and are transported into the nucleus. Ran-GTP is generated at chromosomes and releases spindle assembly factors from inhibitory binding to Importin-β. Gradients of Ran-GTP and released cargo proteins are generated in mitotic cells that are important for regulating many activities. Keywords: Ran; GTPase; mitosis; mitotic spindle; importin; exportin
Stratégies de survie et de croissance dans un contexte de turbulence.Le cas des petites et moyennes entreprises dans le photovoltaïque.

L'objectif de la these est d'enqueter sur les capacites de survie des acteurs operant dans un segment fragmente d'une chaine de valeur, en l'occurrence le photovoltaique, dont la partie aval subit des turbulences. En particulier cette etude porte sur les entreprises privees de petite taille, de technicite moyenne ou faible. Des entretiens suivis d'une etude quantitative sur 103 firmes ont ete realises. Les trois principales contributions sont les suivantes. Premierement, une nouvelle taxonomie de diversification industrielle est proposee basee sur les frontieres du marche et de l'industrie. Il en decoule quatre possibilites : (1) entreprises non-diversifiees ; (2) entreprises diversifiees au sein d'une meme industrie ; (3) entreprises diversifiees dans deux industries ; et (4) entreprises diversifiees dans plus de deux industries. Deuxiemement, quatre business models correspondent a ces quatre possibilites, me permettant de demontrer qu'il existe un nombre limite de business model dans une industrie. Finalement, j'ai identifie deux facteurs impactant les capacites de survie et la performance de croissance des entreprises a moyen terme : l'horizon strategique des managers et le temps de reponse. Il en decoule quatre trajectoires de performance. Il est egalement montre que les entreprises ayant les meilleures profitabilites avant la crise optent pour une strategie de reduction qui a pour effet de reduire leur profitabilite. Inversement, celles qui ont une profitabilite moins bonne au debut s'engagent dans de gros investissements, sous condition de ressources, resultant en une meilleure profitabilite. Cela conduit a une homogeneisation des taux de retours.
Effect of land use type on profile distribution of glomalin.

Despite evident importance of glomalin in maintaining soil organic carbon balance and soil aggregate stability, little remains known about soil profile distribution patterns and influencing factors of glomalin under different land use types. In this study, we selected four land use types (farmland, artificial grassland, orchard and abandoned land) to examine soil profile distribution pat-terns and influencing factors of glomalin. Soil samples were collected from depths of 0～10 cm, 10～20 cm, 20～30 cm and 30～40 cm respectively. Soil glomalin, pH, available phosphorus, organic carbon and protease activity were determined for the collected soil samples. The results show that average soil glomalin content ranges from 1.41～3.18 mg·g-1, accounting for 6.98%～31.34% of soil organic carbon. Glomalin is therefore regarded as a major carbon pool in soil. Significant differences in soil glomalin are observed among the land use types and soil layers (P 0.01). Soil glomalin exhibits obvious vertical distribution pattern, which decreases with increasing soil depth (except for abandoned lands). Soil glomalin is significantly directly related with soil available phosphorus and protease (P 0.01). Soil available phosphorus, to a large degree, determines the content and distribution of soil glomalin. A simple and indirect correlation is observed between soil glomalin and protease. However, more research is recommended to further clarify the relationship. Based on the study, we conclude that glomalin is an important indicator for arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal growth and variations in soil ecosystem.