Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers as a Correlate of Protection for Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children

Introduction: The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer of 1:40, which has been recognized as an immunologic correlate corresponding to a 50% reduction in the risk of contracting influenza, is based on studies in adults. Neither seasonal nor challenge-based correlates have been evaluated in children. Methods: A total of 4707 influenza vaccine–naive healthy children 6 to 72 months old were randomized in a ratio of 2:2:1 to receive 2 doses of MF-59–adjuvanted influenza vaccine (Novartis Vaccines), trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine subunit (trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine control, GSK), or a saline placebo during the 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009 influenza seasons. The second dose was given 30 days after dose 1. Clinical influenza-like illnesses cases identified by active surveillance were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing for influenza. Vaccine immunogenicity 50 days after dose 1 was evaluated in a subset of 777 children. Results: Immunogenicity and efficacy results for H3N2 were evaluated against the Prentice criteria, which confirmed that the immunogenicity results warranted estimation of an immunologic correlate. We then used the Dunning model fitting the H3N2 antibody titers at day 50 and the influenza cases observed in the immunogenicity subset to estimate a correlate of protection. This analysis revealed that a cutoff HI titer of 1:110 was associated with the conventional 50% clinical protection rate against infection during the entire season, and titers of 1:215, 1:330, and 1:629 predicated protection rates of 70%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. The conventional adult HI titer of 1:40 was only associated with 22% protection. Conclusions: The use of the 1:40 HI adult correlate of protection is not appropriate when evaluating influenza vaccines in children. Although a cutoff of 1:110 may be used to predict the conventional 50% clinical protection rate, a titer of 1:330 would predict an 80% protective level, which would seem to be more desirable from a public health perspective.
Geographic routing in d-dimensional spaces with guaranteed delivery and low stretch

Almost all geographic routing protocols have been designed for 2D. We present a novel geographic routing protocol, named MDT, for 2D, 3D, and higher dimensions with these properties: (i) guaranteed delivery for any connected graph of nodes and physical links, and (ii) low routing stretch from efficient forwarding of packets out of local minima. The guaranteed delivery property holds for node locations specified by accurate, inaccurate, or arbitrary coordinates. The MDT protocol suite includes a packet forwarding protocol together with protocols for nodes to construct and maintain a distributed MDT graph for routing. We present the performance of MDT protocols in 3D and 4D as well as performance comparisons of MDT routing versus representative geographic routing protocols for nodes in 2D and 3D. Experimental results show that MDT provides the lowest routing stretch in the comparisons. Furthermore, MDT protocols are specially designed to handle churn, i.e., dynamic topology changes due to addition and deletion of nodes and links. Experimental results show that MDT's routing success rate is close to 100% during churn and node states converge quickly to a correct MDT graph after churn.
MobiDB 3.0: more annotations for intrinsic disorder, conformational diversity and interactions in proteins

Abstract The MobiDB (URL: mobidb.bio.unipd.it) database of protein disorder and mobility annotations has been significantly updated and upgraded since its last major renewal in 2014. Several curated datasets for intrinsic disorder and folding upon binding have been integrated from specialized databases. The indirect evidence has also been expanded to better capture information available in the PDB, such as high temperature residues in X-ray structures and overall conformational diversity. Novel nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift data provides an additional experimental information layer on conformational dynamics. Predictions have been expanded to provide new types of annotation on backbone rigidity, secondary structure preference and disordered binding regions. MobiDB 3.0 contains information for the complete UniProt protein set and synchronization has been improved by covering all UniParc sequences. An advanced search function allows the creation of a wide array of custom-made datasets for download and further analysis. A large amount of information and cross-links to more specialized databases are intended to make MobiDB the central resource for the scientific community working on protein intrinsic disorder and mobility.
Left Ventricular Wall Thickness and the Presence of Asymmetric Hypertrophy in Healthy Young Army Recruits: Data From the LARGE Heart Study

Background— To use cardiovascular magnetic resonance to investigate left ventricular wall thickness and the presence of asymmetrical hypertrophy in young army recruits before and after a period of intense exercise training. Methods and Results— Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance, the left ventricular wall thickness was measured in all 17 segments and a normal range was calculated for each. The prevalence of asymmetrical wall thickening was assessed before and after training and defined by a ventricular wall thickness ≥13.0 mm that was >1.5× the thickness of the opposing myocardial segment. Five hundred forty-one men (mean age, 20±2 years) were recruited, 309 underwent repeat scanning. Considerable variation in wall thickness was observed across the ventricle with progressive thickening on moving from the apex to base (P<0.001) and in the basal and midcavity septum compared with the lateral wall (11.0±1.4 versus 10.1±1.3 mm; P<0.001). Twenty-three percent had a maximal wall thickness ≥13.0 mm, whereas the prevalence of asymmetrical wall thickening increased from 2.2% to 10% after the exercise-training program. In those who developed asymmetry, the wall thickness/diastolic volume ration remained normal (0.09±0.02 mm·m2·mL−1), indicative of a remodeling response to exercise. Conclusions— In a cohort of healthy young white men, we have demonstrated that wall thickness frequently measures ≥13.0 mm and that asymmetrical wall thickening is common and can develop as part of the physiological response to exercise. A diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young athletic men should, therefore, not be made purely on the basis of regional wall thickening.
Volumetric optimal design of passive integrated power electronics module (IPEM) for distributed power system (DPS) front-end DC/DC converter

In most power electronics converters, the overall footprint and profile of the whole system are in large part determined by the footprint and profile of the passive components and the interconnections between them. Planar magnetics, integrated magnetics, and passive integration have been topics of research for the past few years to reduce the count, footprint, and profile of the passive components and, hence, increase the power density of the whole converter. This becomes especially prominent in distributed power system (DPS) front-end converters, as the trend is moving from the 2U (1U=1.75 in) standard toward the 1U standard. Chen, Strydom, and van Wyk presented an integration technology, which combines the planar magnetics, integrated magnetics, and passive integration techniques, to integrate all the high-frequency passive components in a DPS front-end dc/dc converter into a single passive integrated power electronics module (IPEM) to reduce the size and volume of the overall system. To optimally design the passive IPEM, an ac loss model and a thermal model are needed. Based on these models, the volumetric optimal design algorithm is presented. To evaluate the performance of the optimally designed passive IPEM, a passive IPEM prototype is constructed and tested. Comparisons are made between the passive IPEM and the discrete components from viewpoints of volume, profile, efficiency, and thermal management. The optimal design is verified by experimental results.
The Correlation Between Arterial Lactate and Venous Lactate in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock

Background: Applying peripheral venous lactate instead of arterial lactate in clinical practice is questionable because of deviation between both values. We aimed to find the relationship between the arterial lactate and the peripheral venous lactate before reasoned that the venous lactate could be used in substitution to the arterial lactate in sepsis. Methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study at a university hospital. The patients with sepsis in ICU who required lactate level monitoring were enrolled in this research. The correlation and agreement between arterial lactate (A-LACT) and peripheral venous lactate (V-LACT) were the primary outcomes. Results: A total of 63 paired samples were collected. The A-LACT and V-LACT were strongly correlated (r = .934, P < .0001, r2 = .873). The regression equation was A-LACT = (0.934 × V-LACT) − 0.236. The mean difference between V-LACT and A-LACT was 0.66 ± 1.53 mmol/L. The 95% limits of agreement were between −3.66 and 2.33 mmol/L. The V-LACT ≥ 4 mmol/L can predict A-LACT level ≥ 4 mmol/L with 87.5% sensitivity and 91.5% specificity, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.948. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a strong correlation between A-LACT and V-LACT, but an agreement between both parameters was poor. We suggest not to use the V-LACT in substitution to the A-LACT in sepsis regarding the absolute value and clearance rate, but the V-LACT ≥ 4.5 mmol/L may be used for predicting the A-LACT ≥ 4 mmol/L.
Computer vision system for the chess game reconstruction

In this paper we describe the system for real-time machine vision recognition of chess table and figures. Input data are two synchronized video sequences from a top-view and side-view camera showing the game of chess between two players. The top-view is used mainly for determining the positions of the figures on the table while side-view enables correct recognition of figures in cases where they are not occluded by another figure in front of them. Even in cases where that happens the top-view helps to track the occluded figures along the table. No prior knowledge of the chess rules is used, so there are no assumptions on how and where particular figures are allowed to move. OpenCV algorithm implementations are used for most of the preprocessing and analysis, including the identification of the chess table and classification of figures with SVM classifier.
MITRE-Bedford: Description of the ALEMBIC System as Used for MUC-4

The ALEMBIC text understanding system fielded at MUC-4 by MITRE-Bedford is primarily based on natural language techniques. ALEMBIC is a research prototype that is intended to explore several major areas of investigation:• Error recovery, involving primarily issues of semi-parsing and recovery of plausible attachments. • Robustness, involving primarily issues of uncertain reasoning and tractable inference. • Self-extensibility, focusing primarily on machine learning of natural language and user-configurable semantics. • System integration, through SGML (the Standard Generalized Markup Language), both at the level of meaning analysis and at the overall application level.
Semeval-2013 Task 8: Cross-lingual Textual Entailment for Content Synchronization

This paper presents the second round of the task on Cross-lingual Textual Entailment for Content Synchronization, organized within SemEval-2013. The task was designed to promote research on semantic inference over texts written in different languages, targeting at the same time a real application scenario. Participants were presented with datasets for different language pairs, where multi-directional entailment relations (“forward”, “backward”, “bidirectional”, “no entailment”) had to be identified. We report on the training and test data used for evaluation, the process of their creation, the participating systems (six teams, 61 runs), the approaches adopted and the results achieved.
Patterns of Transcriptome Divergence in the Male Accessory Gland of Two Closely Related Species of Field Crickets

One of the central questions in evolutionary genetics is how much of the genome is involved in the early stages of divergence between populations, causing them to be reproductively isolated. In this article, we investigate genomic differentiation in a pair of closely related field crickets (Gryllus firmus and G. pennsylvanicus). These two species are the result of allopatric divergence and now interact along an extensive hybrid zone in eastern North America. Genes encoding seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are often divergent between species, and it has been hypothesized that these proteins may play a key role in the origin and maintenance of reproductive isolation between diverging lineages. Hence, we chose to scan the accessory gland transcriptome to enable direct comparisons of differentiation for genes known to encode SFPs with differentiation in a much larger set of genes expressed in the same tissue. We have characterized differences in allele frequency between two populations for >6000 SNPs and >26,000 contigs. About 10% of all SNPs showed nearly fixed differences between the two species. Genes encoding SFPs did not have significantly elevated numbers of fixed SNPs per contig, nor did they seem to show larger differences than expected in their average allele frequencies. The distribution of allele frequency differences across the transcriptome is distinctly bimodal, but the relatively high proportion of fixed SNPs does not necessarily imply “ancient” divergence between these two lineages. Further studies of linkage disequilibrium and introgression across the hybrid zone are needed to direct our attention to those genome regions that are important for reproductive isolation.
A direct power control for three-phase rectifier based on positive sequence detection

In this paper a model-based controller is proposed for the direct control of the instantaneous active and reactive powers in a three-phase rectifier. As the unbalanced operation is considered, it is convenient to express the grid voltage in terms of both positive and negative sequences in order to obtain a more complete description of the system. In particular, the positive sequence of the grid voltage is used as the transformation basis to generate the instantaneous powers. The controller incorporates an adaptation mechanism to cope with the parameters uncertainties. It is observed that, by using the positive sequence of the voltage signal, the regulation of the instantaneous powers is possible without deformation of the line current. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed solution.
Algorithm 94: Combination

procedure ari thmetic (a, b, c, op); in t eger a, b, c, op; ¢ o n l m e n t This procedure will perform different order ar i thmetic operations with b and c, put t ing the result in a. The order of the operation is given by op. For op = 1 addit ion is performed. For op = 2 multiplicaLion, repeated addition, is done. Beyond these the operations are non-commutat ive. For op = 3 exponentiat ion, repeated multiplication, is done, raising b to the power c. Beyond these the question of grouping is important . The innermost implied parentheses are at the right. The hyper-exponent is always c. For op = 4 te t ra t ion, repeated exponentiat ion, is done. For op = 5, 6, 7, etc., the procedure performs pentat ion, hexation, heptat ion, etc., respectively. The routine was originally programmed in FORTRAN for the Control Data 160 desk-size computer. The original program was limited to te t ra t ion because subroutine recursiveness in Control Data 160 FORTRAN has been held down to four levels in the interests of economy. The input parameter , b, c, and op, must be positive integers, not zero; b e g i n own i n t e g e r d, e, f, drop; i f o p = 1 t h e n b e g i n a := h-4c; go t o l e n d i f o p = 2 t h e n d := 0; else d := 1; e := c; drop := op 1; for f := I s t e p 1 u n t i l e do b e g i n ari thmetic (a, b, d, drop);
Computational geometry column 56

This column is devoted to maximum (respectively, maximum weight) independent set problems in geometric intersection graphs. We illustrate with one example in each class: (I) The following question was asked by T. Rado in 1928: What is the largest number <i>c</i> such that, for any finite set <i>F</i> of axis-parallel squares in the plane, there exists an independent subset <i>I</i> ⊆ <i>F</i> of pairwise disjoint squares with total area at least <i>c</i> times the union area of the squares. (II) The following question was asked by Erdös in 1983: What is the largest number <i>H</i> = <i>H</i>(<i>n</i>) with the property that every set of <i>n</i> non-overlapping unit disks in the plane has an independent subset with at least <i>H</i> members?
A Low Offset High Voltage Swing Rail-to-Rail Buffer Amplifier for LCD Driver

The size of LCDs is getting larger in particular , it is essential to compromise the driving ability. So , source drivers with high performance, high resolution, and low power dissipation will achieve more additional value. This paper presents a design and implementation of using 10-bit multiple DAC (digital to analog converter) for the driver , and proposes a rail-to-rail output buffer with low offset and high driving ability. We designed a class-B output buffer with offset compensation ability to reduce the nonlinearity of output voltage. With the H-SPICE model of TSMC 0.35 mum 2P4M 3.3 V / 5 V process, the maximum offset is less than 2 mV , and the input / output swing are nearly full swing. Besides , it also performs a rail-to-rail swing range and high slew rate of 14 V / mus and 11.5 V /mus for rising and falling edges under a 400 pF capacitance load. For high driving capability , two push-pull output stages are used , two frequency compensation stages are also introduced for stability , one is the miller compensation with 0.04 pF capacitance , and the other is zero compensation with 0.1 kOmega added between two push-pull output stages for stable driving under different capacitance loads. The result exhibits that the settling time are within 5 mus under the max voltage swing with voltage 5 V under a 400 pF capacitance load. Even under a 1000 pF capacitance load , it still has the settling time of 1.52 mus and 1.80 mus for rising and falling edges , respectively. The effective area of this buffer is only 100 x 100 mum2 with build-in offset voltage holding capacitor.
International Conference on Parallel Processing PERFORMANCE ISSUES OF A SUPERSCALAR MICROPROCESSOR

cessor. This paper considers all these issues and shows their impact on performance by running our simulator on seventeen different programs. Our approach in handling branch prediction is shown to significantly decrease the bad branch penalty. Furthermore, results show that the aver­ age instruction fetch places an upper bound on speedup and is the most critical factor in determining overall per­ formance. Its performance impact is greater than all other
Test process improvement: a practical step-by-step guide to structured testing

"Rethinking Smart Objectg' is organized in four chapters. The first chapter introduces and discusses the notion of agents. The second chapter attempts to capture the treasury of information discovered by Artificial Intelligence (in its more technical meaning) and particularly in Expert Systems. The third chapter proposes a bridge between Object Orientation (OO) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), in an attempt to enlarge the reader's knowledge of both, so as to reuse the experience gained in AI for OO. The fourth chapter presents a few examples of the synergy between AI and OO.
A bisimulation for type abstraction and recursion

We present a bisimulation method for proving the contextual equivalence of packages in λ-calculus with full existential and recursive types. Unlike traditional logical relations (either semantic or syntactic), our development is “elementary,” using only sets and relations and avoiding advanced machinery such as domain theory, admissibility, and TT-closure. Unlike other bisimulations, ours is complete even for existential types. The key idea is to consider sets of relations—instead of just relations—as bisimulations.
PolyGEE: a generalized estimating equation approach to the efficient and robust estimation of polygenic effects in large-scale association studies

SUMMARY To quantify polygenic effects, i.e. undetected genetic effects, in large‐scale association studies, we propose a generalized estimating equation (GEE) based estimation framework. We develop a marginal model for single‐variant association test statistics of complex diseases that generalizes existing approaches such as LD Score regression and that is applicable to population‐based designs, to family‐based designs or to arbitrary combinations of both. We extend the standard GEE approach so that the parameters of the proposed marginal model can be estimated based on working‐correlation/linkage‐disequilibrium (LD) matrices from external reference panels. Our method achieves substantial efficiency gains over standard approaches, while it is robust against misspecification of the LD structure, i.e. the LD structure of the reference panel can differ substantially from the true LD structure in the study population. In simulation studies and in applications to population‐based and family‐based studies, we illustrate the features of the proposed GEE framework. Our results suggest that our approach can be up to 100% more efficient than existing methodology.
Report from the NSF workshop on workflow and process automation in information systems

An interdisciplinary research community needs to address challenging issues raised by applying workflow management technology in information systems. This conclusion results from the NSF workshop on Workflow and Process Automation in Information Systems which was held at the State Botanical Garden of Georgia during May 8-10, 1996. The workshop brought together active researchers and practitioners from several communities, with significant representation from database and distributed systems, software process and software engineering, and computer supported cooperative work. The presentations given at the workshop are available in the form of an electronic proceedings of this workshop at http://lsdis.cs. uga.edu/activities/). This report is the joint work of selected representatives from the workshop and it documents the results of significant group discussions and exchange of ideas.
Global transient stability and voltage regulation for power systems

Summary form only given as follows. This paper is concerned with the global control of power systems. It arises from the practical concern that transient stability and voltage regulation are both important properties of power system control, but they are ascribed to different model descriptions and relate to different stages of system operation (i.e. transient period and post-transient period respectively). Earlier control results deal with the two problems separately, or employ a switching strategy of two different kinds of controllers, which causes a discontinuity of system behavior. We design in this paper a global controller to co-ordinate the transient stabilizer and voltage regulator. The designed controller is smooth and robust with respect to different transient faults. Simulations on a single-machine infinite bus power system have demonstrated better performances compared with existing controllers.