Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Artificial Odour-Vision Syneasthesia via Olfactory Sensory Argumentation

The phenomenology of synaesthesia provides numerous cognitive benefits, which could be used towards augmenting interactive experiences with more refined multisensorial capabilities leading to more engaging and enriched experiences, better designs, and more transparent human-machine interfaces. In this study, we report a novel framework for the transformation of odours into the visual domain by applying the ideology from synaesthesia, to a low cost, portable, augmented reality/virtual reality system. The benefits of generating an artificial form of synesthesia are outlined and implemented using a custom made electronic nose to gather information about odour sources which is then sent to a mobile computing engine for characterisation, classification, and visualisation. The odours are visualised in the form of coloured 2D abstract shapes in real-time. Our results show that our affordable system has the potential to increase human odour discrimination comparable to that of natural syneasthesia highlighting the prospects for augmenting human-machine interfaces with an artificial form of this phenomenon.
Effects of Processing on the Bioavailability and Chemistry of Iron Powders in a Liquid Milk‐Based Product

Relative Biological Value (RBV) was determined by hemoglobin repletion before and after processing of a canned milk-based product which contained 25% U.S. RDA for iron from either ferric orthophosphate (FOP), electrolytic iron (EI), or carbonyl iron (CI). RBV's for the two elemental iron sources were significantly greater than the RBV for FOP regardless of processing. Processing increased significantly the RBV of EI and CI, whereas, the RBV of FOP remained unchanged. In the processed product containing elemental iron powders, 60% of the iron was in the ferrous state, while <0.1% of the iron from FOP was found as Fe++.
Wax‐Protected Catalyst Microspheres for Efficient Self‐Healing Materials

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Wavelet thresholding Genetic algorithm approach for Noise Extraction in High-Resolution Industrial Tomography

— Since the development of Computed Tomography (CT) in medicine, many applications have been emerging among which the use in Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) approach has been consolidating in recent years for analysis of inner features in a broad range of industrial components. More recently, this method has also been applied fordimensional measurements in the metrology field. During acquisition stage many artifacts may cause distortions that interfere with the sample edge evaluation, thereby generating errors on the surface determination. In such development, high accuracy is required for its use in metrology and overall volumetric reconstruction. Scatter radiation is a major concern in the image acquisition process, being strongly dependent on the object densities and geometry. A combined approach involving genetic algorithm and wavelet shrinkage is proposed for denoising application, where 2D radiographic projections are filtered prior to the volumetric reconstruction process. The developed algorithm is applied to sample images resulting from tomography procedures that usually produce severe artifacts and is evaluated in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). The filtering technique advanced in this paper generates reconstructed volumes with less noise, accurate edges and improved visual perception.
A Hardware-Friendly Approach Towards Sparse Neural Networks Based on LFSR-Generated Pseudo-Random Sequences

The increase in the number of edge devices has led to the emergence of edge computing where the computations are performed on the device. In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the state-of-the-art method in a broad range of applications, from image recognition, to cognitive tasks to control. However, neural network models are typically large and computationally expensive and therefore not deployable on power and memory constrained edge devices. Sparsification techniques have been proposed to reduce the memory foot-print of neural network models. However, they typically lead to substantial hardware and memory overhead. In this article, we propose a hardware-aware pruning method using linear feedback shift register (LFSRs) to generate the locations of non-zero weights in real-time during inference. We call this LFSR-generated pseudo-random sequence based sparsity (LGPS) technique. We explore two different architectures for our hardware-friendly LGPS technique, based on (1) row/column indexing with LFSRs and (2) column-wise indexing with nested LFSRs, respectively. Using the proposed method, we present a total saving of energy and area up to 37.47% and 49.93% respectively and speed up of $1.53\times $ w.r. t the baseline pruning method, for the VGG-16 network on down-sampled ImageNet.
Prevention of tissue calcification on bioprosthetic heart valve by using epoxy compounds: a study of calcification tests in vitro and in vivo.

Calcification is the principal cause of the clinical failures of the bioprosthetic heart valves fabricated from glutaraldehyde pretreated porcine aortic valves or bovine pericardium. In this paper, we compared the calcification on various types of bovine pericardiums pretreated with two hydrophilic epoxy compounds adding GA post-treatment (EP 1 and EP 2), glutaraldehyde (GA)- and nontreated pericardium (Fresh), respectively, by in vitro and in vivo tests. Significant decrease of calcification was found by pretreatment with both epoxy compounds rather than with glutaraldehyde : 0.250 ± 0.001 (Fresh), 0.276 ± 0.058 (EP l), 0.302 ± 0.071 (EP 2), and 0.478 ± 0.172 (GA) μg (Ca)/mg (dried tissue), respectively, after 20 days dipping in a simulating serum solution in vitro; 115.13 ± 60.11 (Fresh), 129.84 ± 51.08 (EP 1), 167.39 ± 20.81 (EP 2), and 205.19 ± 16.86 (GA) pg/mg, respectively, after 3 months subcutaneous implantation i n rabbits. The in uifro method for evaluating calcification designed by us gave the similar order among four samples with that obtained by in uiuo test. Because the bovine pericardium pretreated with the epoxy compounds adding GA post treatment possesses the greater tenacity than that pretreated only with epoxy compounds or GA, meanwhile the calcification is also significantly decreased with this pretreatment, it may be expected that the bovine pericardium with this pretreatment will have the greater anticalcification and durability in dynamic stress. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Separation of Solids at Liquid-Liquid Interface: Theory

Abstract The interrelationship of the forces acting on a solid suspended at a liquid-liquid interface was studied. An analysis is presented of the dependence of the maximum specific gravity of the solid. , at which it will remain suspended, on the physical and physicochemical parameters of the system. The conditions for sustained suspension and the changes required for this purpose in some of the above parameters were determined. The mathematical relationships obtained yielded a theoretical model for separation of solids heavier than either of the liquids.
Prevalence of Malaria among School Children in Bambili-Tubah Sub Division, North West Region, Cameroon

Background: Malaria is the highest cause of the high infant mortality experienced in Africa, killing 1 in 20 children below the age of 5 years and indeed, killing one child every 30 seconds. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria among school children in Bambili. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 800 subjects all over Bambili, some of them through the health centre to ensure a random selection of subjects since patients all over Bambili consult at the health center. Blood samples were collected from respondents and treated appropriately before mounting on glass slides for microscopic examinations using a light microscope. Results: Out of these infections screened in 800 persons, only malaria was recorded in 73 persons (9.13%). The highest infection rate (19.23%) was recorded in October and the lowest (1.54%) in January. Risk factors include seasonal changes, the location and hygiene of residences, the level of education, and the non-use of preventive measures. Conclusion: Malaria appear to be of primary concern thus something must be done by health authorities and sectors responsible for public health issues, in order to effectively control these insect-borne diseases and the nuisance they cause.
Continuous versus pulsed microwave ablation in the liver: any difference in intraoperative pain scores?

Background This study prospectively compared intraoperative pain scores during percutaneous microwave ablation of the liver in patients randomized between continuous and pulsed energy delivery algorithms. Methods During a 12-month period, 20 patients who underwent microwave liver ablation were prospectively randomized between 2 different energy delivery modes: “continuous mode” (CM, n=10) and “pulsed mode” (PM, n=10). All ablation sessions were performed using the same microwave ablation platform under computed tomographic guidance and intravenous analgesia. Within 30 min post ablation, all patients completed a questionnaire assigning a numeric pain intensity score from 0 (no pain) to 10. Results Mean pain scores were 8.17±1.850 in the CM group and 4.50±1.567 in the PM group, with a statistically significant difference of 3.667±2.807 pain units (P=0.001). The mean procedure time was 53.5±20.90 min in the PM group vs. 58.5±17.44 min in the CM group (P=0.279). The mean size of the lesions was 2.81±0.95 cm in the PM group and 2.81±0.85 cm in the CM group (P=0.984). On a per-lesion basis, technical success was achieved in all evaluable tumors in both groups. No difference was noted in the local tumor control on the 6-month imaging evaluation. No complications were observed in the CM arm, while small perihepatic hemorrhagic fluid collections were reported in the PM group. Conclusions Both algorithms for microwave energy delivery have comparable treatment effects in terms of 6-month local tumor control for liver lesions <3 cm in diameter. PM treatments compared to CM appear to induce significantly less pain in patients undergoing percutaneous liver ablation under intravenous analgesia.
Multiobjective Photovoltaic Sizing With Diverse Inverter Control Schemes in Distribution Systems Hosting EVs

Worldwide, photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicles (EVs) have intensively been integrated into distribution systems. As a result, different operational issues can be observed due to PV generation variability and EV stochastic characteristics. In this article, an optimal sizing approach of multiple PVs in the existence of EVs is proposed. The proposed approach minimizes both the total voltage deviations and overall energy losses, prevents active PV power curtailment, and considers numerous constraints of PV, EV, and the distribution system. The features of the proposed approach are the considerations of PV, EV, and load uncertainties via incorporating their probabilistic models. Besides, it models arrival/parting times of EVs, the required state of charge (SOC) of EV batteries based on initial SOCs and remaining parking periods, and controlled/uncontrolled charging. Furthermore, diverse control schemes of the interfacing PV inverter are formulated in the proposed optimization model. To effectively solve this comprehensive model with conflicting subfunctions and variables, a two-level multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with fuzzy sets is developed. The upper optimization level accurately optimizes the sizes of multiple PVs, while the lower one optimizes charging/discharging of EV batteries, PV inverter oversize, and PV reactive power. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Single Test Type to Replace Broadside and Skewed-Load Tests for Transition Faults

The use of both broadside (launch-on-capture) and skewed-load (launch-on-shift) tests for delay faults results in increased delay fault coverage and better test compaction than the use of a single test type. Two-cycle broadside and skewed-load tests differ in the sequence of length two applied to the scan-enable input between the scan-in and scan-out operations of a test. Considering a circuit with a single clock domain, the question that this article attempts to answer is whether it is possible to generate a complete test set for transition faults where all the tests use the same scan-enable sequence of length three or more. The use of a single scan-enable sequence simplifies the test application process. Experimental results demonstrate that there is a significant number of benchmark circuits for which a test set with a single scan-enable sequence achieves the same transition fault coverage as a test set that consists of both broadside and skewed-load tests. For other benchmark circuits, a small loss in transition fault coverage compared with the use of both test types allows a single scan-enable sequence to be used.
Aggregation of CO2 and Organic Liquid Molecules at Near Critical and Supercritical Condition of CO2

In order to study the aggregation of CO2 and organic liquid molecules in the binary systems of CO2+ organic liquid at near critical and supercritical condition of CO2, the radial distribution function of CO2-organic liquid molecules and organic liquid–organic liquid molecules in the liquid phase of the CO2+ organic liquid systems is calculated by molecular dynamic simulation in this work and compared with the results of our previous works. The results of the research show that the aggregates of CO2–CO2 molecules, CO2-organic liquid molecules and organic liquid–organic liquid molecules are coexisted in the liquid phase of CO2+ organic liquid system, respectively.
Exploring Entrepreneurial Intentions in University Students in Chile: A Context Analysis

The scientific literature has studied the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of university students analysing their personal characteristics, the ability to generate networks, leadership and risk propensity. Less has been studied regarding the contexts presented by universities to foster entrepreneurial abilities in their students. The aim of this study is to analyse the entrepreneurial context (EC) in universities and measure the EI of public versus private university students in Chile. To do this, a study with a new construct was applied to test a reliability analysis, considering five dimensions of entrepreneurial sub-contexts (ESC), taking 415 students as the sample from two recognized universities in Chile. The results show that entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial sub-contexts were statistically significant differences between public and private universities. Each entrepreneurial sub-context identified may contribute to create a favourable atmosphere to entrepreneurial intention. Since the university context may influence students to become an employees or entrepreneurs, universities can be seen as potential sources of future entrepreneurs. Finally, this study recommends universities consider each entrepreneurial sub-context identified, in order to improve students’ entrepreneurial intention in the next years of economy recovery after COVID-19.
Structure and Function of Xanthine Oxidoreductase

An overview of the current state of our understanding of the reaction mechanism of the molybdenum-containing enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase is presented, with an emphasis on work done in the past five years. Recent studies of the biosynthesis of the pterin cofactor bound to the metal in the active site are also reviewed, as is crystallographic work that has clarified the coordination geometry of the molybdenum center. This structural work provides the context in which to understand recent mechanistic studies of the enzyme, in particular those aimed at elucidating the role of specific amino acid residues in the active site of the enzyme. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Optimization of Formulation Variables to Increase Antigen Entrapment in PLGA Particles

Efficient antigen entrapment is a key factor in preparation of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) vaccine formulations when the antigen is of short supply. This study presents a systematic approach in the testing of formulation variables with the objective to increase antigen entrapment in particles when the antigen stock concentration was low. Some of the experimental variables tested were poly (vinyl) alcohol (PVA) concentration in the inner (W1) and outer (W2) aqueous phase, W1/oil (O) phase ratio and choice of organic solvent. The double emulsion solvent evaporation technique was applied to prepare PLGA particles with sonication as the emulsifying force. To measure antigen entrapment efficiency, the antigen (bovine serum albumin, BSA) was isotope labeled with 125iodine (125I). Our results demonstrated that a low PVA concentration in the inner aqueous (W1) phase was beneficial to achieve a high encapsulation efficiency of antigen. On the contrary, in the outer aqueous (W2) phase, a high PVA concentration favored antigen entrapment. We also demonstrated that decreasing the W1 to O/polymer ratio contributed to increased entrapment efficiency. Testing different organic solvents (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and chloroform), either alone or in combination, revealed that using chloroform as solvent resulted in the highest encapsulation of antigen and the highest production yield. Some of the results presented in this work are in disagreement with well-established formulation variables from previous studies.
Geometrical study of nanoscale field effect diodes

In this paper, the previously proposed side-contacted field effect diode (FED) is carefully studied and its characteristic is compared against that of a modified FED and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). The influences of the body thickness, each gate length and access resistance are investigated. The figures of merit including intrinsic gate delay time and energy-delay product, which represent the speed and switching energy of the device, respectively, are studied. Our results highlight that FEDs are good candidates for obtaining a high Ion/Ioff ratio with a relatively short delay time compared to conventional FEDs and MOSFETs. We show that by a careful scaling of the source–drain region, the access resistance can be optimized. We demonstrate that a well-tempered device with a high switching response and a lower energy consumption can be achieved with a 30 nm body thickness, 85 nm source–drain length and a drain gate length longer than the source gate length.
Does Curcumin Analogues, Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Curcumin in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA)?

Curcumin has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent, however recent studies have shown that it is a combination of three compounds namely; curcumin, Demethoxycurcumin (DMC), Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). This research evaluates the most effective curcuminoid for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by monitoring changes in the expression levels of 10 inflammatory response genes namely, COL14A1,CXCL12, CYTL1, HSPA6,IFTIM1,IL-6,IL-7, MMP-1,MMP-13 andTNFSF10. The expression profiles of the candidate genes were determined by qRT-PCR analysis using untreated and curcumin, DMC, or BDMC treated Human Fibroblast like Synoviocytes (HFLS-RA) cells. Methotrexate (MTX) was used as a positive control. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the cell culture supernatant was determined using ELISA assays. The untreated HFLS-RA cells exhibited high expression levels of these genes which subsequently was reduced following treatment. Curcumin exhibited increased potency in downregulating the gene expression of COL14A1, CYTL1, IFITM1, IL-7, MMP-1, MMP-13 and TNFSF10 in comparison to the other treatment options. The CRP level decreased on treatment with the curcuminoid mixture,curcumin and DMC, which correlated with the IL-6 transcription profile. The presence of DMC and BDMC were found to limit curcumin’s efficacy as a mixture since curcumin alone was found to be the most effective anti-rheumatic agent.
Differential Capacitance Measurements in Solvent‐Free Ionic Liquids at Hg and C Interfaces

Series-stacked, double-layer carbon capacitors are slated to be used in electric vehicles for power management as well as in consumer electronics for memory backup and burst power. Nonaqueous electrolytes are preferred over aqueous electrolytes, since a wider voltage window can be accessed in the former electrolytes, thereby requiring fewer cells in the series stack. However, it has historically been difficult to assess whether the organic solvent and/or the supporting electrolyte determine the anodic limit. We have eliminated this ambiguity by using solvent-free ionic liquids where the source of anodic oxidation may be ascribed to the anion alone. Even though the new ionic liquids manifested high oxidation limits, we found that when used in practical capacitors comprising high-surface-area carbon cloth electrodes, a much lower capacitance (compared to smooth electrodes) was achieved. To understand whether the observed decrease in capacitance might be due to the microporosity of the carbon cloth electrode or to practical limitation of the device itself. we first measured the differential capacitance (C dl ) at a Hg/1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium imide. The integral capacitance at the Hg interface was then calculated and compared with that of a smooth glassy carbon electrode, a carbon yarn, and a cloth electrode. In addition, the effect of (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 SO 3 - , an BF 4 - on C dl were interpreted based on existing theories of double-layer structure.
Manganese-Nanoparticles Substitutions on the Vanadium Sites of Bi-Sr-Vanadate Aurivillius Ceramics

The aurivillius phase of Mn-substituted samples with general formula Bi2SrV2−𝑥Mn𝑥O9, where 𝑥=0.05,0.1,0.2,0.3, and 0.6 mole were prepared by solid-state reaction technique and ceramics procedures. The X-ray structural measurement analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase-layered hexagonal structure which is observed in all samples. The thermal stability and phase change of the green powders were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). SEM revealed that the average grain size increases with increasing Mn content. The infrared absorption spectra recorded a series of vibrational modes within the range of 400–1600 cm−1 were investigated. The present work also studied the effect of Mn-doping concentration interactions on both DC-electrical conductivity and ESR spectra.