Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision Making for Physical Therapy Service Delivery in Schools: A Nationwide Analysis by Geographic Region

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between geographic practice location and recommendations for the contexts and frequencies of physical therapy service delivery in schools. Methods: Participants were 626 school-based physical therapists from all 50 states. Four case descriptions were presented in the survey: a four-year-old girl with motor delays and typical cognitive functioning, a four-year-old girl with motor and cognitive delays, a six-year-old boy with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, and the same boy at 12 years of age. Results: Proportionally fewer respondents in the Northeast recommended providing services in exclusively natural settings, as compared with other regions. Respondents in the Northeast recommended mean monthly frequencies of at least one more session for each case (3.7–7.6) than those in the other regions: West (2.5–5.5), South (1.6–4.7), and Midwest (1.6–4.5). Conclusions: These findings suggest an association between geographic region of practice among school-based physical therapists and the contexts and frequencies of service delivery.
Research on the operations strategy of Chinese manufacturing enterprises under the background of international subcontracting

With the integration of the global economy, more and more Chinese manufacturing enterprises are expanding beyond our traditional borders, so research on the operations strategy under the background of international subcontracting is becoming increasingly important. The first part of this paper reviews the development of the operations strategy, gives a survey on lean and agile manufacturing. The second part of this paper uses GVC theory to analyze Chinese manufacturing enterprises' international positioning, puts greater emphasis on the strategy of Chinese manufacturing enterprises' international operations. The final part points out those Chinese manufacturing enterprises should integrate into the global value chain, and the development of high-end OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) is the main choice for Chinese manufacturing industry in the future.
Reference values for spirometry in Chinese aged 4-80 years.

Background Although there are over 1.34 billion Chinese in the world, nationwide spirometric reference values for Chinese are unavailable, which is usually based on Caucasian conversion. The aim of this study was to establish spirometric reference values for Chinese with a national wide sample. Methods We enrolled healthy non-smokers in 24 centers in Northeast, North, Northwest, Southwest, South, East and Central China from January 2007 to June 2010. Spirometry was performed according to American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society guidelines. Reference equations were established using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF). Popular Caucasian reference values adjusted with ethnic conversion factors were validated with Chinese measured spirometry data. The present study also compared with other published Chinese equations for spirometry. Results A total of 7,115 eligible individuals aged 4 to 80 years (50.9% females) were recruited. Reference equations against age and height by gender were established, including predicted values and lower limits of normal (LLNs). Validated with Chinese data, the mean percentage differences of Caucasian reference values adjusted with ethnic conversion factors were -10.2% to 1.8%, and the percentages of total subjects under LLNs were 0.1% to 8.9%. Compared with this study, the percentage differences of previous Chinese studies ranged from -17.8% to 11.4%, which were found to significantly overestimate or underestimate lung function. Conclusions This study established new reference values for better interpretation of spirometry in Chinese aged 4 to 80 years, while Caucasian references with adjustment were inappropriate for Chinese.
Consistency of Path based Upward Path Recovery Method to Reduce Path Recovery Delay for RPL

In IoT (Internet of Things) networks, RPL (IPv6 Routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks) is preferred for reducing routing overhead. In RPL, a node selects one parent node which includes the lowest routing metric among its neighbors and the other neighbors are stored as immediate successors. If the selected parent node is lost, the node selects a new parent node among the immediate successors. However, if the new path also includes the same intermediate node which is lost in previous path, it also fails to transmit upward packets. This procedure might be repeated until the new path is selected which does not include the lost immediate node. In this paper, we therefore propose a new path recovery method to reduce the unnecessary repetition for upward path recovery. When a node receives routing message, it calculates the hash value and sets 1 to a new field in the routing message. Based on the field, the node estimates an approximate number of ancestors that are shared between each paths. When loss of upward path is detected, the node selects a new path according to both approximate number and the routing metric. Therefore, a new path which dose not include same ancestors with the previous path is selected and data packet can be resumed immediately.
Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer.

BACKGROUND Radiotherapy for breast cancer often involves some incidental exposure of the heart to ionizing radiation. The effect of this exposure on the subsequent risk of ischemic heart disease is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of major coronary events (i.e., myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or death from ischemic heart disease) in 2168 women who underwent radiotherapy for breast cancer between 1958 and 2001 in Sweden and Denmark; the study included 963 women with major coronary events and 1205 controls. Individual patient information was obtained from hospital records. For each woman, the mean radiation doses to the whole heart and to the left anterior descending coronary artery were estimated from her radiotherapy chart. RESULTS The overall average of the mean doses to the whole heart was 4.9 Gy (range, 0.03 to 27.72). Rates of major coronary events increased linearly with the mean dose to the heart by 7.4% per gray (95% confidence interval, 2.9 to 14.5; P<0.001), with no apparent threshold. The increase started within the first 5 years after radiotherapy and continued into the third decade after radiotherapy. The proportional increase in the rate of major coronary events per gray was similar in women with and women without cardiac risk factors at the time of radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of the heart to ionizing radiation during radiotherapy for breast cancer increases the subsequent rate of ischemic heart disease. The increase is proportional to the mean dose to the heart, begins within a few years after exposure, and continues for at least 20 years. Women with preexisting cardiac risk factors have greater absolute increases in risk from radiotherapy than other women. (Funded by Cancer Research UK and others.).
Edge concealment in a combined surface mesh and scalar-field tissue model for surgical simulations

This article describes a new approach for producing highly realistic visualizations that are interactively cuttable by utilizing the programmability of the graphics rendering pipeline. It combines interactively changing scalar-field derived mesh geometry with static mesh geometry that contains additional lighting terms created offline using three-dimensional modeling software packages. This improves visual realism of surgical simulations whilst enabling more efficient surface representations for interactive areas of the same model, in this case the newly formed surface created when interactively cutting a model. The boundary between the interactively cut surface (generated from the scalar field), and the remaining surface triangles of the static model, is jagged and unrealistic when un-enhanced. Here we describe a method for blending the two models using a simple bleeding effect along the cut edge. This allows the cut edge and the internal cut surface to blend and thereby conceals unrealistic and distracting jagged cut edges. The bloodied edge is more realistic than an unmodified hard edge, which improves the quality of the simulation overall. Moreover, as the available processing power increases the resolution that can be achieved will increase and should allow this method to be extended for slice cutting simulation.
Effect of metabolic inhibitors and second messengers upon Na(+)‐H+ exchange in the sheep cardiac Purkinje fibre.

1. Acid extrusion through Na(+)‐H+ exchange was studied in the sheep cardiac Purkinje fibre (bathed in Hepes‐buffered solution, nominally free of CO2‐HCO3‐) by examining (i) intracellular pH (pHi) recovery from an intracellular acid load (induced by 20 mM NH4Cl prepulse) and (ii) the rate of rise of intracellular Na+ activity (aiNa) following the ammonium prepulse (used as an estimate of apparent Na+ influx on Na(+)‐H+ exchange). The pHi and aiNa were recorded using ion‐selective microelectrodes. 2. The pHi recovery and rise of aiNa were both greatly slowed in the presence of 2‐deoxyglucose (DOG; glucose‐free solution), an inhibitor of glycolysis, indicating inhibition of Na(+)‐H+ exchange. 3. Cyanide moderately slowed pHi recovery rate but did not significantly affect the rise of aiNa. Estimates of beta 1 (intracellular buffering power) indicated an increase of approximately 50% in the presence of cyanide; such an increase accounts for most of the observed slowing of pHi recovery. It is concluded that oxidative inhibition with cyanide does not inhibit Na(+)‐H+ exchange. 4. Intracellular ATP, measured from luciferin‐luciferase luminescence, was reduced by a similar amount (approximately 70%) by either DOG or cyanide. This suggests that, if intracellular ATP (ATPi) reduction is the cause of exchanger inhibition by metabolic inhibitors, then ATPi generated glycolytically is more important for activation of the exchange. 5. 3‐Isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX; a non‐specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor which can elevate intracellular [cAMP]) slowed acid extrusion and reduced apparent Na+ influx by a similar amount, whereas addition of sodium nitroprusside (to elevate intracellular [cGMP]) had no effect, suggesting that raising intracellular [cAMP] downregulates Na(+)‐H+ exchange, whereas raising intracellular [cGMP] does not. 6. Application of trifluorperazine (TFP; a non‐specific calcium‐calmodulin inhibitor) completely reversed the inhibitory effects of IBMX upon pHi recovery and aiNa. Under control conditions (no IBMX), TFP had no effect on pHi recovery or upon resting pHi. 7. The phorbol ester 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) had no significant effect on pHi recovery or apparent Na+ efflux. 8. We conclude that inhibition of glycolysis or elevation of cAMP produces downregulation of Na(+)‐H+ exchange in the cardiac Purkinje fibre. Possible reasons for the lack of inhibitory effect of oxidative inhibitors are discussed.
Message Passing localisation algorithm combining BP with VMP for mobile wireless sensor networks

For large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with thousands of sensors, cooperative self-localisation is a key task and has caused extensive concerns. In this study, the authors propose a message passing algorithm for cooperative self-localisation of mobile WSNs by using belief propagation (BP) and variational message passing (VMP) on factor graphs. The sensors locate themselves through two steps: a prediction operation accounting for the sensors’ mobility and a correction operation accounting for ranging measurements between neighbouring sensors. All the messages for computing and transmitting are restricted to be Gaussian to reduce communication overhead and computational complexity. According to the linear state-transition model and the non-linear ranging model, BP and VMP methods are employed to perform prediction and correction, respectively. Simulation results show that when the standard deviations of the prior distributions is small, the positioning accuracy of the proposed algorithm is comparable with that of sum-product algorithm over a wireless network (SPAWN) with much low communication overhead and computational complexity.
Lateral root development and saponin accumulation as affected by IBA or NAA in adventitious root cultures of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

SummaryThe effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on lateral root formation was investigated in adventitious root culture of Panax ginseng. Lateral root formation was affected by IBA (24.6 μM) or NAA (9.8 μM). Lateral root primordia emerged from the explant root pericycle after about 7 d of culture when the roots were cultured on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 24.6 μM IBA or 9.8 μM NAA. However, no changes were observed in the explant root pericycle on auxin-free medium. The IBA treatment was more effective for lateral root induction and root growth compared to NAA. In morphological and histological aspects, the lateral roots formed under IBA treatment developed normally, while NAA-treated roots exhibited abnormal growth. The accumulation of total saponin was greater in roots treated with IBA than with NAA.
[Comment on “Atrial fibrillation ablation patients have long‐term stroke rates similar to patients without atrial fibrillation regardless of CHADS2 score”].

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of total and fatal ischemic stroke. Stroke risk after AF ablation appears to be favorably affected; however, it is largely unknown whether the benefit extends to all stroke CHADS2 risk profiles of AF patients. OBJECTIVE To determine if ablation of atrial fibrillation reduces stroke rates in all risk groups. METHODS A total of 4212 consecutive patients who underwent AF ablation were compared (1:4) with 16,848 age-/sex-matched controls with AF (no ablation) and to 16,848 age-/sex-matched controls without AF. Patients were enrolled from the large ongoing prospective Intermountain Atrial Fibrillation Study and were followed for at least 3 years. RESULTS Of the 37,908 patients, the mean age was 65.0 ・} 13 years and 4.4% (no AF), 6.3% (AF, no ablation), and 4.5% (AF ablation) patients had a prior stroke (p < .0001). The profile of CHADS2 scores between comparative groups was (AF ablation) patients had a prior stroke (p < .0001). The profile of CHADS2 scores between comparative groups was similar: 0---1 (69.3%, no AF; 62.3%, AF, no ablation; 63.6%, AF ablation), 2---3 (26.5%, no AF; 29.7%, AF, no ablation; 28.7%, AF ablation), and ≥ 4 (4.3%, no AF; 8.0%, AF, no ablation; 7.7%, AF ablation). A total of 1296 (3.4%) patients had a stroke over the follow-up period. Across all CHADS2 profiles and ages, AF patients with ablation had a lower long-term risk of stroke compared to patients without ablation. Furthermore, AF ablation patients had similar long-term risks of stroke across all CHADS2 profiles and ages compared to patients with no history of AF. CONCLUSIONS In our study populations, AF ablation patients have a significantly lower risk of stroke compared to AF patients who do not undergo ablation independent of baseline stroke risk score.
Identification of Rare Partially Unfolded States in Equilibrium with the Native Conformation in an All β-Barrel Protein*

Human acidic fibroblast growth factor 1 (hFGF-1) is an all β-barrel protein, and the secondary structural elements in the protein include 12 antiparallel β-strands arranged into a β-trefoil fold. In the present study, we investigate the stability of hFGF-1 by hydrogen-deuterium exchange as a function of urea concentration. Urea-induced equilibrium unfolding of hFGF-1 monitored by fluorescence and CD spectroscopy suggests that the protein unfolds by a two-state (native to denatured) mechanism. Hydrogen exchange in hFGF-1, under the experimental conditions used, occurs by the EX2 mechanism. In contrast to the equilibrium unfolding events monitored by optical probes, native state hydrogen exchange data show that the β-trefoil architecture of hFGF-1 does not behave as a single cooperative unit. There are at least two structurally independent units with differing stabilities in hFGF-1. β-Strands I, II, III, VI, VII, X, XI, and XII fit into the global unfolding isotherm. By contrast, residues in β-strands IV, V, VIII, and IX exchange by the subfolding isotherm and could be responsible for the occurrence of high-energy partially unfolded state(s) in hFGF-1. There appears to be a broad continuum of stabilities among the four β-strands (β-strands IV, V, VIII, and IX) constituting the subglobal folding unit. The slow exchanging residues in hFGF-1 do not represent the folding nucleus of the protein.
Lipid Peroxidation in Human Spermatozoa from Men with Genitourinary Infections

A fluorescent assay was used to reveal the presence of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in spermatozoa from individuals with genitourinary infections (GI). The incidence of LPO was compared with sperm pathologies (apoptosis, immaturity, necrosis) evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and motility. A C11-BODIPY581/591 probe was used to detect and localize LPO in sperm from 34 individuals. The sperm morphological characteristics were studied by TEM and the results were mathematically assessed. Using the LPO percentage we divided the patients into four groups. Group 1 included ten patients with GI with almost normal progressive motility, a very low percentage of LPO and sperm pathology values that were not far from the standard ranges. Group 2 had eleven infected patients showing reduced motility, LPO of 10 to 20% and sperm pathologies that were just out of normal range. Group 3 included 6 infected patients with progressive motility ≤22%, low levels of LPO with a higher percentage of apoptosis and necrosis. Group 4 had 7 patients showing normal semen parameters, without GI, LPO ranged from 0% to 1% and a normal incidence of sperm pathologies. In all groups, LPO was inversely correlated with sperm motility and directly correlated with low semen quality. However, the LPO percentage was low in Group 3, in which sperm necrosis, concomitant with GI, was the predominant pathology. C11-BODIPY581/591 is a useful labeling method for quantifying and localizing LPO in spermatozoa from patients with GI. The detection of LPO could be questionable in cases of sperm necrosis because in this pathology the plasma membrane is often disrupted and the lipidic probe is unable to intercalate within the phospholipidic bilayer.
Rethinking Anger and Advocacy in Bioethics

mains. Claims to the provision of healthcare and other personal assistance can often be raised under an antidiscrimination rubric. The ADA was applied to the provision of healthcare shortly after its enactment: The Oregon Health Plan was found discriminatory in part because of the low funding priority it accorded to procedures that extended lives with disabilities. On the other hand, claims to an accessible environment are not exhausted by an antidiscrimination analysis. Like the development and production of wheelchairs and prosthetics, the development and production of accessible buildings, furnishings, and appliances involves an indeanite commitment of scarce resources; an injunction against discrimination cannot tell us how much to commit (Silvers, Wasserman, and Mahowald 1998, esp. 172–182). Universality in design is a matter of degree, and the economies of universal design (UD) can ease, but not eliminate, conoicts over resource allocation. Modifying the environment through UD, no less than changing the individual through assistive technology, is a matter of justice and should be assessed under a comprehensive theory of justice (if only such a theory were available! ). References Kuczewski, M. G. 2001. Disability: An agenda for bioethics. The American Journal of Bioethics 1(3):36–44.
Review of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Assay: Rapid Method in Drug Discovery of Herbal Plants

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a signaling pathway which responsible in the blood pressure regulation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one of the key elements responsible for the hypertensive mechanism. It converts angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II. The discovery history of the ACE inhibitory activity assay method has been through a long stage for decades and development continues until today. The ACE inhibitory activity has become an effective screening method in the search for new antihypertensive agents from herbal plants. Some of in vitro assay methods were used to examine the activity of ACE inhibitors based on the substrate usage, such as; Cushman and Cheung Method using a substrate hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL), Holmquist method using a substrate furanacryloyl-tripeptide, Elbl and Wagner method using a substrate benzoil-[l-14C] glicyl-L-histidine-L-leucine, Carmel and Yaron method using a substrate o-aminobenzoylglycyl-p-nitrophenylalanilproline, and Lam method using 3-hydroxybutyrylglycyl-glycyl-glycine as substrate. Several different methods to measure the results of enzymatic reactions or separating substrate with products, including spectrophotometric, fluorometric, high-performance liquid chromatography, electrophoresis, and radiochemistry. Application of the test method for screening the ACE inhibitors activity and investigation of active compounds from natural products can be done easily with this method, it is very helpful in research because the results obtained are simple, accurate, and rapid.
The Impacts of Convective Parameterization and Moisture Triggering on AGCM-Simulated Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves

Abstract This study examines the impacts of convective parameterization and moisture convective trigger on convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by the Seoul National University (SNU) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Three different convection schemes are used, including the simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) scheme, the Kuo (1974) scheme, and the moist convective adjustment (MCA) scheme, and a moisture convective trigger with variable strength is added to each scheme. The authors also conduct a “no convection” experiment with deep convection schemes turned off. Space–time spectral analysis is used to obtain the variance and phase speed of dominant convectively coupled equatorial waves, including the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), Kelvin, equatorial Rossby (ER), mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG), and eastward inertio-gravity (EIG) and westward inertio-gravity (WIG) waves. The results show that both convective parameterization and the moisture convective trigger have significant impacts on.