Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing oligodendroglia express mRNA for insulin‐like growth factor‐I, a regulator of oligodendrocyte development

Insulin‐like growth factors IGF‐I and IGF‐II are potent inducers of oligodendrocyte development. Because IGF‐I is produced, in some cases, by the same cells that respond to it (autocrine/paracrine action), we examined the possibility that IGF‐I is expressed by developing oligodendroglial cells. We employed a sensitive method, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), to detect IGF‐I mRNA in purified populations of oligodendroglial cells isolated from rat brain during the period of oligodendrocyte development. Cells were purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), using antibodies to the cell surface antigenic markers 04 and galactocerebroside (GC). RNA was isolated from the sorted cells, reverse‐transcribed, and PCR‐amplified, using a strategy that recognizes IGF‐I mRNA but not DNA. The amplified band was identified as IGF‐I by size, hybridization to an IGF‐I‐specific antisense probe, and restriction analysis. IGF‐I mRNA was detected in O4‐positive/ GC‐negative oligodendrocyte precursors and, more weakly, in GC‐positive oligodendrocytes. IGF‐I mRNA could be detected reproducibly in RNA extracted from 100‐cell samples of O4‐positive cells, making it unlikely that the mRNA was derived from contaminants in the FACS‐sorted cell populations. We conclude that IGF‐I is expressed by developing oligodendroglia. Autocrine expression of IGF‐I by developing oligodendroglial cells suggests that oligodendrocyte development is, in part, autoregulatory. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
, Norasak Processing Plants Carcasses at Two Large United States Pork Salmonella enterica Isolates from Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes of Prevalence , Enumeration , Serotypes , and

Published Ahead of Print 10 February 2012. 10.1128/AEM.07015-11. 2012, 78(8):2716. DOI: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Koohmaraie Shackelford, Tommy L. Wheeler and Mohammad Kalchayanand, Joseph M. Bosilevac, Steven D. John W. Schmidt, Dayna M. Brichta-Harhay, Norasak Processing Plants Carcasses at Two Large United States Pork Salmonella enterica Isolates from Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes of Prevalence, Enumeration, Serotypes, and
Early hospital discharge of tuberculous patients with sputum containing acid-fast bacilli on microscopic examination.

Fifteen patients with active advanced, cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis were discharged after less than one month of hospitalization and with the sputum smear showing acid-fast bacilli on microscopic examination. The patients represented the common socioeconomic problems seen in low-income groups of large cities. After a minimum of one year of follow-up observation the medical result was satisfactory and all patients had sputum cultures negative for tubercle bacilli. None of 19 contacts less than 20 years of age developed radiographic evidence of tuberculosis, nor did any of the 13 young contacts initially nonreactive to tuberculin show a change in reaction. Chemo-prophylaxis was given to most young contacts. None of the 12 adult contacts developed clinical evidence of tuberculosis, nor did the 2 adult contacts with known nonreactivity to tuberculin show a change in reaction.
Is push-off propulsion the winning strategy for energy efficient gait acceleration ?

Experimental data showed that the compensatory push-off work during the double support phase almost matched with the collision loss, thereby almost negligible additional work was done to propel the CoM during the single support phase [1, 2] A simple biomechanical analysis showed that the observed energy balance during the double support phase appeared to be the energetically least costly gait [1-3]. Whereas the most of the previous experimental data were obtained from steady gait trials, most of our daily locomotion involves transient gait response such as gait acceleration, and/or deceleration. Therefore in this study, we examined whether the push-off propulsion during the double support phase would serve as a major energy source for gait acceleration. We also performed a simple biomechanical analysis to examine energetic optimality of accelerated gait.
Novel coronavirus spreads to Tunisia

The novel coronavirus that first appeared in the Middle East has spread to Tunisia, with two cases being reported in the north African country for the first time, the World Health Organization has confirmed. The two new laboratory confirmed cases are in a 34 year old man and his 35 year old sister, who are thought to have caught the virus from their father, who became ill three days after returning from a visit to Qatar and Saudi Arabia and died on 10 May. The Tunisian health authorities are investigating the outbreak, and close contacts of the family are being monitored. As at 22 May this brings …
Functional and Corticomotor Changes in Individuals With Tetraplegia Following Unimanual or Bimanual Massed Practice Training With Somatosensory Stimulation: A Pilot Study

Background and Purpose: In individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), damage to spinal pathways results in deficits of hand function; maladaptive cortical changes further impair function. Unimanual massed practice (MP) training with somatosensory stimulation (SS) has been shown to improve hand function and increase corticomotor excitability after SCI. However, bimanual training may be more beneficial as these individuals have bilateral impairment. We compared clinical and corticomotor changes associated with unimanual versus bimanual MP training, each combined with SS. Methods: Participants were 13 individuals with chronic tetraplegia who had at least minimal voluntary control of the thenar muscles of 1 hand. The participants were randomly assigned to unimanual MP + SS or bimanual MP + SS. Clinical outcome measures included tests of unimanual (Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test; JTT) and bimanual hand function (Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory; CAHAI), sensory function (monofilament test), and pinch grip strength. Neurophysiological outcome measures were corticomotor map area, center of gravity (COG), of the corticomotor map and corticomotor threshold as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Results: There were no significant differences in outcomes between the unimanual MP + SS versus bimanual MP + SS groups, both groups showed significant improvements in the JTT, CAHAI, and monofilament test. However, trends suggest that the unimanual MP + SS group had greater improvement in the JTT whereas the bimanual MP + SS group had greater improvement on the CAHAI. Functional changes were accompanied by a strong trend toward increased corticomotor map area. Discussion and Conclusion: When combined with SS, both unimanual and bimanual MP training improve hand function and sensation in individuals with tetraplegia. Changes in hand function seem to be associated with increased corticomotor map area.
Nurses' Knowledge of Wound Irrigation and Pressures Generated During Simulated Wound Irrigation

ObjectiveOur objective was to describe nurses' knowledge of wound irrigation and their ability to produce appropriate irrigation pressures established by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) during simulated procedures. Subjects and settingA convenience sample of 28 registered nurses and licensed practical nurses from a university medical center in the Northwest United States comprised the subjects. MethodsParticipants were asked to complete a demographic data sheet and a questionnaire related to wound irrigation and to perform 2 simulated wound irrigations. The questionnaire developed for the study contained 9 questions about general knowledge of wound irrigation and 9 questions about wound irrigation technique. A device to measure the pressures generated by the participants during simulated wound irrigation was developed and calibrated using a transducer calibrated by the National Institute of Science and Technology. ResultsParticipants' scores were high on items querying general knowledge of wound irrigation but lower on questions relating to irrigation technique. Thirteen participants achieved irrigation pressures within the guidelines established by the AHRQ, 14 fell below the guidelines, and 1 produced pressures exceeding the guidelines. ConclusionThe majority of nurses participating in this small study had some difficulty answering questions relating to wound irrigation technique. In addition, performance on simulated irrigation showed that the majority were not able to generate pressures in the recommended range. Nursing professionals and educators should be aware of these knowledge and performance issues and incorporate educational content and experiences in nursing programs designed to aid nurses in improving wound irrigation practice.
Skin cancer chemoprevention with systemic retinoids: an adjunct in the management of selected high‐risk patients

ABSTRACT: Systemic retinoids (isotretinoin, etretinate, and acitretin) have been shown to be effective chemotherapeutic agents in studies of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, and recipients of organ or bone marrow transplantation. In addition, patients who do not have these disorders but who are actively developing large numbers of new skin cancers may also benefit from this approach. All patients developing large numbers of skin cancers need rigorous UV protection and frequent dermatologic examinations. Although isotretinoin and acitretin share overlapping toxicities, there are differences that may affect drug choice. Because low doses may be effective, there are advantages to beginning treatment at a low dose, and subsequently, increasing dose if necessary, based on patient response. Laboratory monitoring including pregnancy testing should be performed before and during treatment. Long‐term toxicity, primarily involving the skeletal system, can be monitored with imaging studies.
The Use of Estrogen to Decrease Aggressive Physical Behavior in Elderly Men with Dementia

lzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia are associated with many problematic behaviors. A These include hitting, yelling, grabbing people, wandering, hoarding, and repetitive gestures and q~estioning. ’-~ Behaviors which have been cited as serious problems for family members who care for these patients include acts of physical aggression such as physical violence and hitting3 All of these problematic behaviors are often grouped together as “agitation” or “agitated behavior. ” Treatments for “agitation” associated with dementia include behavioral and psychosocial therapies and the single or combination administration of neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, carbamazepine, serotonergic agents, or lithi~m. ~-’ ’ Neuroleptics are commonly used to treat “agitation” in patients with dementia, but are only modestly effe~t ive. ~,~ Currently available data suggest that only 18 dementia patients out of 100 will respond to neuroleptic treatment, above the percentage who would have responded to p la~ebo. ~ In the treatment of “agitation,” it may be useful to delineate the particular type of “agitated behavior” and target the specific behavioral symptoms to be treated. Cohen-Mansfield and Billig” categorized “agitation” into behaviors which were physically or verbally (1) repetitious, (2) abusive/aggressive or (3) inappropriate to social standards. Verbal aggression may be defined as speech which crosses personal boundaries and causes or threatens to cause emotional harm to others or oneself. Physical aggression may be defined as overt acts which cross personal boundaries and cause or threaten to cause physical and/or emotional harm to others, oneself, or the environment. These behaviors can be targeted for treatment. We present here two cases of elderly men with dementia whose aggressive “agitated” behaviors were most problematic. They were given a trial of estrogen compounds to alleviate their aggressive behavior.
Finnish Teamwork in World-Class Team Sports and What It Might Imply for Interdependent Workplace Teams

of master's thesis Author Tero Tiitu Title of thesis Finnish Teamwork in World-Class Team Sports and What It Might Imply for Interdependent Workplace Teams Master’s programme Information Networks Thesis supervisor Professor Esa Saarinen Major or Minor/Code SCI3047 Information Networks Department Industrial Engineering and Management Thesis advisor(s) Professor Eila Järvenpää Date 27.11. 2017 Number of pages 118 Language English
DINING OUT ON LOCAL: PATHWAYS, PRACTICES AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF FOOD FROM FIELD TO RESTAURANT

DINING OUT ON LOCAL: PATHWAYS, PRACTICES AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF FOOD FROM FIELD TO RESTAURANT Jacqueline A Bull University of Guelph, 2012 Advisor: Professor John Smithers The incorporation of consumption-oriented activities into rural space can be observed in the appearance of newly valued rural amenities and the increasing frequency and popularity of culinary tourism destination marketing. In exploring the relationships between local food and culinary tourism, this research sought to better understand the impact of culinary tourism on the production and consumption of local food in Prince Edward County, ON. Interviews revealed that opportunities presented by culinary tourism are a prime motivation for restaurants to engage in the local food system, and that local food producers are less tied to their restaurant linkages than to alternative marketing channels owing to high levels of product substitutability and the opportunity costs associated with direct exchange. Additionally, it was observed that culinary tourism both inherently and paradoxically contributes to expansion of local food systems beyond regional boundaries, giving rise to a discussion on the positioning of local food as an alternative or complementary component to the globalized food system.
China's Management Training at the Crossroads

China's management training is now entering a new phase [1]. As the 13th Party Congress of October 1987 concluded its deliberations [2], the economic reformers appeared to be in the ascendant. For almost a decade now, many changes have taken root not only in agriculture, but also in industry [3 J. Decision making has been increasingly decentralized to the enterprise level, particularly in the last three years, in the context of a growing reliance on market-socialist mechanisms, albeit 'with Chinese characteristics'. The historical legacy is never far away in China (see Table 1 for a chronology of related developments) although in a decadc, many new changes have been introduced with the 'Four Modernisations' and 'Open Door' policics. Managers, as a consequence, are now very much in the limelight. A separation of the managerial and the political functions in the enterprise has become a major focus of industrial policy [4]. China is now to become a 'commodity economy' not only to build socialism, but basically to ensure material survival for its burgeoning population. Its leaders have the awesome responsibility of feeding, clothing ancl housing for over a billion
CEO Bonus Plans: And How to Fix Them

Almost all CEO and executive bonus plans have serious design flaws that limit their benefits dramatically. Such poorly designed executive bonus plans destroy value by providing incentives to manipulate the timing of earnings, mislead the board about organizational capabilities, take on excessive (or insufficient) risk, forgo profitable projects, and ignore the cost of capital. We describe the causes of the problems associated with widely prevalent executive bonus plans, and offer our recommendations for fixing them. We focus on choosing the right performance measure, determining how performance thresholds, targets, or benchmarks are set, and defining the pay-performance relation and how the relation changes over time. Finally we examine the role of banking bonuses in the recent financial crisis. While cultural and performance measurement issues certainly played a role in the recent crisis we find little or no evidence that banking bonuses per se were a major contributing factor.
[Effect of oral biphosphonates in patients with cystic fibrosis and low bone mineral density].

UNLABELLED Disturbances in bone mineralization are frequent in cystic fibrosis but few studies have focused on the use of biphosphonates in this indication, and none on the use of oral etidronate. We report our experience using this latter treatment. METHODS The study was retrospective and included five children and three adults with cystic fibrosis (six males and two females) aged seven to 30 years with Z-scores for lumbar bone density lower than -2 SD after one year of calcium (1 g/day) and vitamin D (900 UI/day and 300,000 UI/6 months) supplementation. All were treated during one year with etidronate: four courses of 15 days (one course per trimester) with doses ranging from 4 to 8 mg/kg per day. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation was continued between the etidronate treatment course. Total body and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) were measured three times: at the beginning and the end of the year of calcium and vitamin D supplementation and at the end of the year of supplementation plus the four courses of etidronate treatment. RESULTS The increase in BMD in absolute value (g/cm2) and in Z-score was significantly higher (P <0.05) after the year of combined supplementation and etidronate treatment (total body g/cm2: 3+/-1%, Z-score: 2+/-1% and lumbar spine g/cm2: 6+/-5%, Z-score: 3+/-4%) than after supplementation alone (total body g/cm2: -1+/-3%, Z-score: -4+/-3% and lumbar spine g/cm2: -1+/-3%, Z-score: -4+/-4%). Supplementation alone improved the total BMD in only one patient and the lumbar BMD in three, whereas after etidronate treatment the total and lumbar BMD were improved in the eight patients. None of the patients presented with side effects that could be attributed to the treatment. CONCLUSION Oral etidronate treatment is well-tolerated and capable of improving bone mineralization in patients with cystic fibrosis. Further work will be necessary to determine the optimal dosage and the optimal frequency for the treatment series.
Effects of Eye Fixation on Visually Induced Motion Sickness

Watching slowly moving wide field-of-view patterns can cause symptoms of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) in viewers. A within-subject full factorial experiment was designed to test two hypotheses: 1) when watching patterns rotating at 60 degrees per second (dps), eye fixation increases the peripheral retinal slip velocity leading to a reduction in the levels of VIMS; and 2) when watching patterns rotating at 7 dps, eye fixation increases the peripheral retinal slip velocity leading to an increase in the levels of VIMS. The experimental design used two levels of eye fixation (with and without). Nine participants (4 male and 5 female) were exposed to all four conditions with a week’s break between each condition. Results indicated that when watching patterns rotating at 60 dps, eye fixation significantly increased the peripheral retinal slip velocity from 35 dps to 60 dps and reduced the levels of mean nausea from 3.6 to 2.7 (p < 0.01). When watching patterns rotating at 7 dps, eye fixation significantly increased the peripheral retinal slip from 2.6 to 7 dps and only slightly increased the levels of mean nausea. The implications of these results are discussed.
The Role of the Vagus Nerve in Cytokine‐to‐Brain Communication

Abstract: Peripheral interleukin‐1β (IL‐β) and inflammatory stimuli that induce the synthesis and release of IL‐1β produce a variety of central nervous system responses. Most proposals designed to explain how peripheral IL‐1β influences the CNS have focused on blood‐borne routes of communication. We will review data that indicate that at least some of the CNS response to peripheral IL‐1β are instead mediated by a neural route of communication between the periphery and the CNS. IL‐1β activates afferent vagal fibers that terminate in the nucleus tractus solitarius, and communication via the vagus is responsible for much of the hyperalgesia, fever, anorexia, taste aversions, increased levels of plasma corticosteroid, and brain norepinephrine changes produced by intraperitoneal injections of IL‐1β and LPS. Data extending this analysis to TNF‐α and intravenous routes will be described.
Analysis of Diversity Management on Organizational Performance: Focused on Japanese Companies Employing the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities

This study has examined and compared the Organizational performance of the Diversity management focusing on Japanese Companies Employing the Elderly and persons with disabilities. To achieve the research objectives, I performed T-test. The total number of the date used in this study is 1,704. The findings from the t-tests are: the Organizational Productivity and Organizational security of companies employing the Elderly and persons with disabilities are better than those of companies managing Gender Diversity or not carrying out at all.
The Role of Franchising on Industry Evolution: Assessing the Emergence of Franchising and its Impact on Structural Change

The role of franchising on industry evolution is explored in this book both in terms of the emergence of franchising and its impact on industry structure. Examining literature and statistical information the first section provides an overview of franchising. The Role of Franchising on Industry Evolution then focuses on two core elements; the emergence or franchising and the contextual drivers prompting its adoption, and the impact of franchising on industry-level structural changes. Through two industry case studies, the author demonstrates how franchising has the ability to fundamentally transform an industry’s structure from one of fragmentation to one of consolidation.
The success of applying marketing mix 4Ps in Vietnamese dairy industry : Vinamilk – a typical case

This thesis focuses on what Vinamilk has done and achieved by applying the concept of marketing mix 4Ps to become the biggest milk enterprise in Vietnamese dairy market at present. The literature is aggregated from textbooks, e-books, journals, and varieties of economics online webpages relating to the contents of the marketing mix 4Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. The secondary data of this thesis is mainly collected from online newspaper articles, as well as the Annual Report 2012 and 2013 of Vinamilk. Besides, a survey was conducted to gather the opinions of Vietnamese consumers towards Vinamilk in the marketing mix 4Ps perspective. The combinations of theoretical contents and the practical information showed that, by applying the marketing mix 4Ps in proper ways, Vinamilk has gained many achievements that cannot be done easily by any dairy producers in Vietnam. Vinamilk is leading the market share of Vietnam’s dairy in liquid milk, yoghurt, and sweetened condensed milk products, owning the most modern chains of factories and farms in Vietnam. Moreover, the product prices of Vinamilk are set at competitive levels, and accepted as “suitable” with purchasing ability of Vietnamese consumers. Vinamilk owns the largest distribution channels nationwide and being the pioneer of its industry in applying the online sales management system. Furthermore, Vinamilk has highly invested for its advertisements and accompanied with many social and government organizations to implement meaningful activities to community. Nevertheless, besides the achieved advantages, there are still obstacles that Vinamilk has to deal with and overcome. Lastly, an in-depth interview with Vinamilk is recommended for later research with similar topic in order to supplement and complete the issues from the Company’s insights perspective, which have not been accessed and discussed in this paper.