Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining the Current State of Indonesian Democracy: Elite’s Perspective

This study aims to examine the views of Indonesian elites on the current state of Indonesian democracy. Various studies show that Indonesia is experiencing a democratic decline. But that view immediately triggered criticism. The first criticism sees that the view contains a western bias because most of the literature that carries the opinion was written by academics from outside Indonesia who wants to impose democratic measures in their home country on the Indonesian case. The second criticism sees that view represents merely public’s view that tends to be critical of the status quo and see politicians as corrupt. Departing from this situation, it is interesting to see their views about whether or not the democracy is in decline. If so, to what extent and why? As a method, this study will combine survey and in-depth interviews with 38 elites in Indonesia who are selected through a strict method. These elites have various backgrounds from politicians to academics, journalists, civil society activists, religious leaders and students. From the research, it will find a view of the latest situation of Indonesian democracy from an insider's perspective, namely the elite perspective which arguable has an important role in determining the future of the democratic consolidation in this country.
Keep on running – a randomized controlled trial to test a digital evidence-based intervention for sustained adoption of recreational running: rationale, design and pilot feasibility study

ABSTRACT Background This paper describes the rationale, intervention development, study design and results from the pilot feasibility study of the Keep On Running (KOR) trial. KOR aims to test a web-based brief theory-based intervention, targeting maintenance of recreational running behavior over time (i.e. relapse preventing). Methods Intervention development was based both on Self-Determination Theory and on Self-Regulation Theory. As part of it, a pilot study was implemented (n=18) to measure intervention adherence and participant satisfaction in order to establish the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention toolkit. Furthermore, this pilot study was also used to test the feasibility and acceptability of the questionnaires selected to be part of the later RCT. Results Pilot intervention acceptability was good, but overall adherence was low. Features such as feedback and social sharing should be added to the toolkit. The main trial should lessen questionnaire length and include data from usual monitoring gadgets and apps (APIs). The protocol of the RCT was adjusted to test the efficacy of the refined final version of the intervention, and the RCT that will test it, contributing to the understanding of recreational running sustainability, allowing the optimization of future interventions aimed at physical activity promotion.
A review of strategies aimed at adapting livestock to volatile climatic conditions in Nigeria

Despite their crucial importance, limited information exists about how livestock are affected by climate change in Nigeria. Changing climatic patterns are manifested through occurrences like abrupt temperature increase, dwindling rainfall pattern, rise in spells of drought and flood. These conditions exert different effects across the geographical landscape of the country, which can broadly be classed as Semiarid, Sahel and Derived Savannah, respectively as well as Forest and Montane. Livestock provide humans with the full complement of amino acids, which are the only known natural suppliers of Vitamin B12 and equally supply iron, calcium, iodine and zinc. In addition, livestock accounts for 40% of Agricultural Gross Domestic Product and significantly contributes to enhancing rural livelihood. Stress conditions are induced in livestock by harsh weather conditions that reduce the feed available to them as well as impede growth rate and reproduction efficiency and disease incidence which may eventually result in death. In the light of the livestock benefits to humanity, it is necessary to devise means of making their climate resilient. Some of the proven strategies include animal genetic improvement for stress tolerance, growing disease resistant, early maturing and drought tolerant crops, selecting for and rearing climate tolerant animal species and breeds. Malgré leur importance cruciale, il existe peu d'informations sur la manière dont le bétail est affecté par le changement climatique au Nigéria. Le changement des modèles climatiques se manifeste par des événements tels que l'augmentation brutale de la température, la diminution des précipitations, l'augmentation des périodes de sécheresse et d'inondation. Ces conditions exercent des effets différents sur le paysage géographique du pays, qui peuvent être globalement classés comme semi-aride, sahélien et savane dérivée, respectivement, ainsi que forêt et montagne. Le bétail fournit aux humains le complément complet d'acides aminés, qui sont les seuls fournisseurs naturels connus de vitamine B12 et fournissent également du fer, du calcium, de l'iode et du zinc. En outre, l'élevage représente 40% du produit intérieur brut agricole et contribue de manière significative à l'amélioration des moyens d'existence ruraux. Les conditions de stress sont induites chez le bétail par des conditions météorologiques difficiles qui réduisent les aliments disponibles pour eux et entravent le taux de croissance, l'efficacité de la reproduction et l'incidence des maladies qui peuvent éventuellement entraîner la mort. À la lumière des avantages de l'élevage pour l'humanité, il est nécessaire de concevoir des moyens de rendre leur résilient climatique. Certaines des stratégies éprouvées comprennent l'amélioration génétique animale pour la tolérance au stress, la culture de cultures résistantes aux maladies, à maturation précoce et à la sécheresse, la sélection et l'élevage d'espèces et de races animales tolérantes au climat.
Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)–Poly(l-Lactide) Diblock Copolymer and Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Homopolymer via Fast-Scan Chip-Calorimeter

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of double-crystallizable poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(l-lactide) diblock copolymer (PEG-PLLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) homopolymer (PEG) were studied using the fast cooling rate provided by a Fast-Scan Chip-Calorimeter (FSC). The experimental data were analyzed by the Ozawa method and the Kissinger equation. Additionally, the total crystallization rate was represented by crystallization half time t1/2. The Ozawa method is a perfect success because secondary crystallization is inhibited by using fast cooling rate. The first crystallized PLLA block provides nucleation sites for the crystallization of PEG block and thus promotes the crystallization of the PEG block, which can be regarded as heterogeneous nucleation to a certain extent, while the method of the PEG block and PLLA block crystallized together corresponds to a one-dimensional growth, which reflects that there is a certain separation between the crystallization regions of the PLLA block and PEG block. Although crystallization of the PLLA block provides heterogeneous nucleation conditions for PEG block to a certain extent, it does not shorten the time of the whole crystallization process because of the complexity of the whole crystallization process including nucleation and growth.
Essential Oil Constituents and Biological Activities of Different Ecotypes of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. as a Traditional Herbal Drug in Southwestern Iran

Abstract Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. belonging to the family Lamiaceae is an important folkloric medicinal plant in Fars province, South western Iran. In this study, essential oil constituents, phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities from the aerial parts of S. bachtiarica collected from different natural habitats of Fars province were investigated. The essential oil of all samples was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The main chemical constituents were carvacrol (54.95-65.48 %), thymol (12-15.70 %), γ-terpinene (4.55-13.55 %), p-cymene (1.39-5 %), E-caryophyllene (2.22-4.82 %), linalool (2.34-4.09 %) and borneol (1.25-3.64 %). The total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were determined with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, respectively. Total phenols varied from 38.38 to 44.55 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (dw), and IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 30.24 to 37.24 mg/mL, while those in the FRAP assay were between 36.45 and 43.24 μM quercetin equivalents/g dw. Results of this study indicated that methanolic extract of S. bachtiarica have high phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was individually evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans using disc diffusion and serial dilution methods. The oils of various geographical and cultivation methods, showed high activity against four medically important pathogens. The results support the traditional usage and also possible use of S. bachtiarica essential oil and extracts in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Post Extraction Complications - An Institution Based Retrospective Study

Tooth extraction is one of the most common procedures undertaken in the dental clinic. As with any surgical procedure, even a simple tooth extraction can result in complications. Post extraction complications can be annoying to the patient, thereby causing mild morbidity and have an impact on their qual-ity of life. Complications are wide starting from common ones like alveolitis and root fracture, dry socket, infraction, halitosis, pain, trismus and uncommon ones like displacement of root fragments within the sinus and oral antral (cid:977)istula. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-extraction complications among patients visiting saveetha dental college. This is a retrospective study. We reviewed patient records and analysed the data of 86000 patients between June 2019 and March 2020. From a pooled sample size of 23000 extractions done during this period, data of patients reporting for post-extraction complications were segregated and analysed. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 20 by IBM. The results were analysed using the chi-square test. In this study, we observed that among a sample of 23000 simple extractions, only 42 patients had reported back with post-extraction complications (0.18%). These complications were more in males than in females. When compared between maxillary and mandibular arch, the mandible had more incidence with 54.16%. The most common complication was dry socket (58.34%). Pain as a complication was more in males than in females. Within the limits of the study, the incidence of post-extraction complication is more in males than females. Higher incidence of complication was seen in a mandibular arch (54.16%) than in maxillary arch (45.84%).
Initial Pyrolysis Mechanism of Oil Shale Kerogen with Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using a reactive force field (ReaxFF) method for a Green River oil shale model demonstrate that the thermal decomposition of the oil shale molecule is initiated with the cleavage of the oxygen bridge (C-O bond), and the first product is formaldehyde (CH2O). The simulation results show that the C-O bond is weaker than the other bonds, agreeing with its smaller bond dissociation energy (BDE). The ring-opening position of the aliphatic ring is usually determined by the stability of free radicals formed in this process. For aromatic hydrocarbons, the long-chain substituents are found to be easier to leave and the cleavage of C-C bonds leads to a series of chain reactions and the formation of small fragments, such as ethylene and propylene. The bond cleavages are almost in accordance with the minimum bonding energy rule. NVT simulations show that the pyrolysis process progresses in two stages: the decomposition of kerogen into heavy (C40+.) species and then the generation of light compounds. Recombinations and rearrangements of different fragments are also observed via MD simulations. The main hydrocarbon fragments of C-10-C-20 are regarded as the component or precursor of diesel oil. The formation pathways of typical aromatic components are analyzed by tracking the motion trajectories of relevant structures. The intermediates and products in MD simulations are found to be similar to the gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results from previous experiments.
Effect of Coordinated Solvent Molecules on Metal Coordination Sphere and Solvent-Induced Transformations

Four similar Mn(II) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), {[Mn2(nbtc)(H2O)2(S)]·S·0.5H2O}n [S = DMF (1), DMA (2), NMP (3), DEF (4)] (DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide, DMA = N,N′-dimethylacetamide, NMP = N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, DEF = N,N′-diethylformamide), have been assembled solvothermally from the nitro and carboxyl doubly functionalized ligand 6,6′-dinitro-2,2′,4,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid (H4nbtc) and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and powder X-ray diffraction. All MOFs exhibit unique three-dimensional double-walled open-frameworks with one-dimensional parallelogram channels and have guest/coordinated water and carbonyl solvent molecules, reasonably providing a good example of the competitive behavior of water and carbonyl solvent molecules and an excellent candidate for studying the single crystal coordinated solvent exchange transformations. Interestingly, because of the different steric hindrance of the series.
Novel Privacy Preserving Classification Mining Approach Applied to A City Public Security Big Data Analysis

With the development of the big data analysis technology, more and more companies are willing to apply this technology. In order to further promote the big data investigation teaching of Sichuan Police College, we accurately grasp the new situation, new tasks and new requirements faced by the big data investigation, and further deepen the solidification of the implementation path. Through on-the-spot visit, discussion and communication, we will focus on understanding the application technology of big data, extend it to various work of public security organs’ attack, prevention and control. Then we want to promote the establishment of practical application systems, and promote the fundamental change of criminal investigation mode through the construction of big data.
Efeito nematicida de um subproduto da indústria vinícola em Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood

Neste estudo avaliou-se o efeito do extrato aquoso do subproduto da industria vinicola (SIV) sobre a eclosao e mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estadio (J2 ) de Meloidogyne javanica , e o efeito do SIV incorporado ao solo sobre a eclosao e viabilidade dos J2 no solo. O extrato aquoso do SIV reduziu a eclosao e matou os J2 de M. javanica e, quando incorporado ao solo, o residuo orgânico reduziu a eclosao e viabilidade dos J2 do nematode. Acido galico, acido cafeico, acido ferulico, acido p -cumarico e trans -resveratrol foram os compostos fenolicos identificados no extrato aquoso do SIV por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia (HPLC). O subproduto da industria vinicola possui acao nematicida contra M. javanica e e possivel que a aplicacao desse residuo no solo possa ser uma estrategia adicional para o controlo do patogenio.
Anti-microbial Effects of Rhizome Extracts of Alpinia officinarum Hance against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and Other Pathogenic Microorganisms

【The purpose of this investigation was to extract the bioactive agents from Alpinia officinarum Hance. The methanol with ethylacetate extracts alone and combined were examined for their activities against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and pathogenic yeast in vitro. The incidence of infections caused by VRE and other pathogenic microorganisms and the importance of using novel synergistic drug combinations has become important. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial effects of the butanol extract from Lonicera japonica and have evaluated combinations of solvent extracts, with a focus on the MeOH and EtOAc extracts from A. officinarum. In the present study, enhanced inhibitory effects were achieved by employing a combination of the two solvent extracts. The MeOH and EtOAc combination was especially effective against four VRE strains: E. faecalis (K-10-22), E. faecaium (K-11-212), E. faecalis (K-10-57) and E. faecalis (K-10-361) with MIC values of 12.5, 12.5, 6.25 and 25 ${\mu}g/ml$ , respectively. Thus, the combination was more effective than other antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin or tetracycline against bacteria including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. In addition, the combination was effective against yeasts such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans. 】
Oil palm frond juice and coconut water as alternative fermentation substrate for bacterial cellulose production

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has emerged as an alternative and sustainable biomaterial due to its remarkable structural and mechanical properties, which can be used in various applications. BC is a form of biopolymer which far superior to its plants equivalent because of its high purity, high strength construction material, good mechanical strength, elasticity and high crystallinity. The research aims to produce BC using biological process synthesis of A. xylinum in oil palm frond juice (OPFJ) based medium. Oil palm frond (OPF) is Malaysia’s largest biomass produced from the oil palm plantation industry in Malaysia and contain fermentable sugar required to grow BC, glucose, sucrose and fructose. The experiment was conducted under optimum temperature 30 °C in static culture condition which were applied with different ratio of medium (Coconut water, OPFJ and distilled water). Our findings revealed that highest BC yield (4.50 g/L) was obtained in the mixture medium of OPFJ: Coconut water (60:40). FTIR analysis confirmed the pellicles as cellulosic material. FE-SEM analysis showed the ribbon network consisting of nanosize fibrils with diameter ranging from 50 to 60 nm. Overall, the work demonstrated the potential of producing high value-added polymer from OPFJ-based medium.
Synthesis, molecular docking and biological activity of 4-aminoantipyrine dithiocarbamate derivatives

In the present investigation, a series of novel 4-aminoantipyrine dithiocarbamates have been synthesized. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1 HNMR, Mass spectral analysis followed by antimicrobial screening. Furthermore, molecular docking studies is an important tool in computational drug design technique, which is employed to understand the mode of binding and binding affinities, it indicates a very good hydrophobic interactions with target receptors.
The Effect of Leadership Styles and Initiative Behaviors of School Principals on Teacher Motivation

This study aims to investigate the effect of school administrators’ personal initiative behaviors and their leadership styles on teacher motivation. In this study, designed with a quantitative research approach, the relational scanning model was used, and a model was created to test the effect of school administrators’ leadership styles and personal initiative behaviors on teacher motivation. In this context, the leadership styles of school administrators and their personal initiative behaviors were studied as independent variables, while teacher motivation was studied as a dependent variable. In the study, 406 teachers working in high schools in Manisa city center were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Pearson moment correlation techniques and multiple regression analysis techniques were used to determine whether there was a significant relationship between dependent and independent variables during the data analysis. According to the results obtained from the research findings, it was observed that the general motivation levels of the teachers were high. In the analyses conducted in terms of the relationships between school administrators’ personal initiative-taking behaviors and teachers’ motivation, it was found that these variables had a significant and positive relationship; similarly, it was determined that there is a significant relationship between the leadership styles of school administrators and the motivation of teachers. In the regression model established to examine the effect of the leadership styles of school administrators on the internal factor dimensions of teacher motivation, it was determined that all sub-dimensions of leadership styles predicted teachers’ internal motivation. This research provides evidence that school administrators’ personal initiative behavior is directly related to teacher motivation and positively affects teacher motivation, thereby affecting the quality of their teaching.
DÖRT AYAKLI ROBOTLARIN MODELLENMESİ, KONTROLÜ VE ENGEBELİ YÜZEYLERDE YÜRÜYÜŞÜ ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI

Robotik alanindaki gelismelerin gunumuzdeki en belirgin orneklerinden birisi olan dort ayakli robotlar; dogadaki hayvanlardan esinlenerek gelistirilen ve ustun hareket kabiliyetleri sayesinde tekerlekli sistemlerin sinirli kaldigi dinamik hareketleri ustalikla gerceklestirebilen, eklemli bacak yapisina sahip, yuruyen mobil sistemlerdir. Bu calismada, literaturde one cikan mevcut dort ayakli robotlar ve bu robotlarin modellemesi, eyleyici turleri, duz ve engebeli zeminlerde yuruyusu ve kontrolu uzerine yapilan arastirmalar sunulmustur. Karmasik bir sistem olmasi nedeniyle belirli konularin incelendigi sinirli derlemelerin aksine, bu calismada genis bir literatur derlenmistir. Giriste, dort ayakli robotlarin ustun ozelliklerine ve bu alandaki arastirmalarin temel motivasyon kaynaklarina deginilmistir. Oncelikle, son yilarda gelistirilen dort ayakli robotlar ve teknik ozellikleri kronolojik sirayla belirtilmistir. Devaminda, bacakli sistemler icin onerilen modelleme ve kontrol yontemlerine ve yaygin kullanilan eyleyicilere ait ornekler sunulmustur. Sonrasinda, dort ayakli robotlarin diger mobil robotlara kiyasla onemli bir avantaji olan, engebeli yuzeylerde yuruyus ve denge-hareket kontrolu ile ilgili temel yaklasimlarin yani sira guncel teorik ve uygulamali calismalar sunulmustur. Sonuc kisminda ise, dort ayakli robotik alaninda devam eden calismalara ve yakin gelecekte gerceklesmesi muhtemel gelismelere deginilmistir.
First demonstration of an on-chip quadplexer for passive optical network systems

DAJIAN LIU, LONG ZHANG, HEXIN JIANG, AND DAOXIN DAI* State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Center for Optical & Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China *Corresponding author: dxdai@zju.edu. cn