Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Naive Bayes nearest neighbor classification of ground moving targets

This work addresses the problem of automatic target recognition (ATR) using micro-Doppler information obtained by a low-resolution ground surveillance radar. An improved Naive Bayes nearest neighbor approach denoted as O2 NBNN that was recently introduced for image classification, is adapted here to the radar target recognition problem. The original O2 NBNN is further modified here by using a K-local hyperplane distance nearest neighbor (HKNN) instead of the plain nearest neighbor (1-NN) method. The proposed classifier outperforms minimum divergence (MD) based approaches with Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Performance of the proposed modified O2 NBNN classifier was analyzed using collected radar measurements for variety of signal-to-noise (SNR) levels and sizes of training data.
DIAGNOSIS OF DOMINANT MITRAL STENOSIS OR REGURGITATION USING AMYL NITRITE

It is sometimes difficult to estimate the degree of regurgitation in combined mitral disease, and every new method that helps its evaluation is welcome. Having obtained good results with drugs influencing murmurs in mitral disease (Endrys and Bartova, 1962) we began to use amyl nitrite, which affects the pressure in the left atrium, in an attempt to obtain more reliable diagnostic results. This drug was considered suitable, since it causes the diastolic murmur to increase in mitral stenosis and the systolic murmur to decrease in mitral regurgitation (Vogelpoel et al., 1959; Endrys and Bartova, 1962).
LEDs A Competitive Solution for General Lighting Applications

Lighting accounts for approximately 30% of the total energy consumption in the US. An increasing focus on energy efficiency and sustainability is driving the adoption of efficient lighting technologies. Solid state lighting, in particular light emitting diodes (LED) offer significant potential for replacing a large part of the general lighting applications, currently occupied by incandescent and halogen lamps. This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges for LEDs in general lighting, and shows the overall impact that this technology can have.
Carbon isotopes of C3 herbs correlate with temperature on removing the influence of precipitation across a temperature transect in the agro‐pastoral ecotone of northern China

Abstract Plant δ13C–temperature (δ‐T) relation has been established in many systems and is often used as paleotemperature transfer function. However, it is still unclear about the exact contributions of temperature variation to plant 13C discrimination because of covariation between temperature and precipitation (aridity), which reduces confidence in reconstruction of paleoclimate. In this study, we measured carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of 173 samples of C3 perennial herbs from 22 sites across a temperature gradient along the 400 mm isohyet in the farming‐pastoral zone of North China. The results showed that precipitation obviously affected the correlations of temperatures and foliar δ13C. After removing the influence of precipitation by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), a more strongly positive relationship was obtained between site‐mean foliar δ13C and annual mean temperature (AMT), with a regression coefficient of 0.1636‰/°C (p = .0024). For widespread species, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Artemisia capillaries, the slopes (or coefficients) of foliar δ13C and AMT were significantly steeper (larger) than those of foliar δ13C and AMT where the precipitation influence was not excluded, whereas the δ‐T coefficients of Polygonum persicaria and Leymus chinensis showed little change across the transect after deducting the precipitation effect. Moreover, the positive relationship between temperature and δ13C over the transect could be explained by soil moisture availability related to temperature. Our results may afford new opportunities for investigating the nature of past climate variability.
Experimentos de aprendizaje con Máquinas de Boltzmann de alto orden

En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en la aplicacion de las Maquinas de Boltzmann de alto orden sin unidades ocultas a un conjunto de problemas que representan paradigmas muy diferenciados de problemas de aprendizaje. El algoritmo de aprendizaje de las maquinas Boltzmann se generaliza para Maquinas con unidades discretas (cuyos estados son valores en un conjunto discreto no necesariamente binario) y continuas. El algoritmo de aprendizaje mantiene su validez para unidades continuas con espacios de estado no normalizados al intervalo [0,1]. Se observa, ademas que la ausencia de unidades ocultas permite prescindir del enfriamiento estadistico (simulated annealing) en la estimacion de los niveles de activacion promedio (probabilidades de activacion en el caso binario), lo cual permite una aceleracion substancial del proceso de aprendizaje, y una mejora cualitativa de los resultados. La descripcion y presentacion de los experimentos sigue el orden historico de nuestros trabajos.
T Lymphocytes: The “Cellular” Arm of Acquired Immunity in the Peritoneum

T cells are an important part of the acquired immune response and target specific antigen with their T cell receptor. The peritoneum is a special milieu within which T cells react. We describe briefly the anatomy important for T cell function. T cell biology including antigen presentation, T cell activation, and the different T cell subpopulations are reviewed. We also define innate and acquired immunity and describe the role of polymorphonuclear cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells in the regulation of leukocyte population recruitment during peritonitis. We focus particularly on peritoneal lymphocytes and compare them to the regular lymphocyte populations in the circulation. We illustrate the role of PMCs in antigen presentation and discuss the changes of CD4+ helper T cell subtypes (Th1 and Th2) during peritoneal dialysis. The role of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their possible destructive role for the peritoneal membrane modified by advanced glycation end products are discussed. Polymorphonuclear cells play an important role in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. We describe their possible role in supporting T cells and particularly for generating memory CD8+ T cells by secretion of interleukin-15, a potent T cell growth factor. Light is shed on γδ T cells, a special T cell population that is able to recognize antigens without the restriction of antigen presentation. We end our review with a description of regulatory T cells. This cell population is extremely important in preventing autoimmunity and in the regulation of acquired immunity.
Social engagement among U.S. Chinese older adults--findings from the PINE Study.

BACKGROUND Social engagement is a key indicator of older adults' later life quality and health status, but few studies have comprehensively examined social engagement patterns of U.S. Chinese older adults. This study assesses social engagement patterns among U.S. Chinese older adults. METHODS Data were collected by the Population Study of Chinese Elderly project, a cross-sectional population-based study of 3,159 U.S. Chinese older adults aged 60 and older in the greater Chicago area. Social engagement patterns were examined with a list of 16 social engagement activity related questions. Analysis of variance and Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine correlations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and social engagement. RESULTS Age was negatively associated with social engagement actives for Chinese older adults. Although education had a significant positive correlation on older adults' participation in social engagement activities, income did not show any significant correlation. Perceived health status and quality of life were also positively correlated with social engagement. Chinese older adults were more likely to visit community centers than any other social or cultural venues. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the important role community centers play in the lives of Chinese older adults. Further, longitudinal studies are also necessary to understand the predictors and outcomes of social engagement levels among Chinese older adults.
Characterization of and correction for eddy current artifacts in echo planar diffusion imaging

Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging is potentially an important tool for the noninvasive characterization of normal and pathological tissue. The technique, however, is prone to a number of artifacts that can severely affect its ability to provide clinically useful information. In this study, the problem of eddy current‐induced geometric distortions that occur in diffusion images acquired with echo planar sequences was addressed. These geometric distortions produce artifacts in computed maps of diffusion parameters and are caused by misalignments in the individual diffusion‐weighted images that comprise the diffusion data set. A new approach is presented to characterize and calibrate the eddy current effects, enabling the eddy current distortions to be corrected in sets of Interleaved (or snapshot) echo planar diffusion images. Correction is achieved by acquiring one‐dimensional field maps in the read and phase encode direction for each slice and each diffusion step. The method is then demonstrated through the correction of distortions in diffusion images of the human brain. It is shown that by using the eddy current correction scheme outlined, the eddy current‐induced artifacts in the diffusion‐weighted images are almost completely eliminated. In addition, there is a significant improvement in the quality of the resulting diffusion tensor maps.
A cost-efficient high-performance dynamic TCAM with pipelined hierarchical searching and shift redundancy architecture

This paper describes a 4.5-Mb dynamic ternary CAM (DTCAM) which is suitable for networking applications. A dynamic TCAM cell structure in 130-nm embedded DRAM technology is used to realize the small cell size of 3.59 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. In addition, a novel array architecture of TCAM, the pipelined hierarchical searching (PHS) architecture, is proposed. The PHS architecture is found to be suitable for realizing small area penalty, high-throughput searching and low-voltage operation simultaneously. With the combination of the DTCAM cell and the PHS architecture, small silicon area of 32 mm/sup 2/ for a fabricated 4.5-Mb DTCAM chip, high performance of 143 M searches per second and low power dissipation of 1.1 W have been achieved. To improve the yield of TCAMs, a novel shift redundancy technique is applied and estimated to result in 3.6-times yield improvement. These techniques and architectures described in this report are attractive for realizing cost-efficient, large-scale, high-performance TCAM chips.
Improvement of solubility and oral bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug, TAS-301, by its melt-adsorption on a porous calcium silicate.

The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug, 3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) methylene-2-indolinone (TAS-301), by its melt-adsorption on a porous calcium silicate, Florite RE (FLR), without any solvents. The melt-adsorbed products were prepared by two methods: the small-scale batch method and the twin screw extruder method. The drug was melted and adsorbed on FLR (i.e., "melt-adsorption"), above its melting point. Crystallinity of the drug in the melt-adsorbed product was estimated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The dissolution test was conducted by the JP XIII paddle method. Oral absorption of the melt-adsorbed product was studied in fasted and fed dogs. The melt-adsorbed products prepared by the two methods were in powder forms. The drug existed in an amorphous state in the product and hardly recrystallized even after storing at a stressed condition (60 degrees C/80% RH for 3 days). The TAS-301 dissolution rate from the melt-adsorbed product was markedly enhanced compared with drug crystals. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak concentration (C(max)) values of the drug after dosing the melt-adsorbed product were significantly greater than those after dosing the drug crystals. The solubility and bioavailability of TAS-301 were improved by its melt-adsorption on FLR. The present findings suggest melt-adsorption is a useful technique for improving solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.
Safeguarding mechanisms in a supply chain network

Purpose – Building on the transaction cost theory and power structure literature, this paper aims to investigate the extent to which firms use two safeguarding mechanisms (supply chain relational investments and electronic collaboration) in different network dependency contexts in order to protect their portfolios of business relationships.Design/methodology/approach – Empirical evidence is gathered though a survey data conducted with 159 firms in the wireless communication sector. The paper tests the assumption that the two safeguarding mechanisms are used to a greater extent in interdependency‐intensive networks than in other supply chain contexts.Findings – This empirical study suggests that: in a network‐dependent context, relational investments allow firms to safeguard their portfolios of relationships; electronic collaboration seems to be a safeguarding mechanism for firms in downstream‐dependent network contexts; in general, firms appear to use both relational investments and electronic collaborati.
Urinary tract injury associated with pelvic fractures.

INTRODUCTION Pelvic trauma associated with urinary tract injury is a severe trauma, mostly caused by traffic accidents and falls from heights. These injuries require urgent treatment and close teamwork between urologic and orthopaedic surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective study there were analyzed patients with pelvic trauma and extraperitoneal injury of urinary tract, treated surgically at Clinic for Ortopaedic Surgery and Traumatology and Urology Clinic in Clinical Center Nis. Surgical intervention in these patients had been realized as the synchronized work of both orthopaedic and urologic surgeons. The pelvis was treated by external and internal fixation. Mitkovic type external fixator was used for pelvic external fixation. Plating was used for pelvic internal fixation. Pelvic fractures were classified using Tile's classification system. The final functional results had been scored using Majeed score system. RESULTS There were 42 patients with the injury of pelvic ring, treated at Clinic for Ortopaedic Surgery and Traumatology and at Urology Clinic, Clinical Center Nis, in the period of 01.01. 2011. to 31.12. 2013, 30 males and 12 females, with average age of 53.69 (19-84) years old. In 80% of cases pelvic fractures were caused by high energy trauma in traffic accidents. According to Tile's classification, 9 patients (21,42%) had pelvic fracture type A, 23 patients (54,46%) had pelvic fracture type B and 10 patients (23,80%) had pelvic fracture type C. Urinary tract injury was diagnosed in 9 patients (21,42%): 5 patients (11,9%) with bladder injury, 3 patients (7,14%) with posterior urethra injury and 1 patient (2,38%) with both bladder and posterior urethra injury. CONCLUSION Urgent repair of extraperitoneal urinary tract injury by urologic surgeons and synchronized pelvic reduction and fixation using external or internal fixation by ortopaedic surgeon, in the same surgical procedure, is the standard method for treatment of this severe injury.
Trade, Pollution and Mortality in China

Has the expansion in exports affected pollution and health outcomes across different prefectures in China in the two decades between 1990 and 2010? We exploit variation in the initial industrial composition to gauge the effect of export expansion due to the decline in tariffs faced by Chinese exporters. We construct two export shocks at the prefecture level: (i) PollutionExportShock represents the pollution content of export expansion and is measured in pounds of pollutants per worker; (ii) ExportShock measures export expansion in dollars per worker. The two measures differ because prefectures specialize in different products: while two prefectures may experience the same shock in dollar terms, the one specializing in the dirty sector has a larger PollutionExportShock. We instrument export shocks using the change in tariffs faced by Chinese producers exporting to the rest of the world. We find that the pollution content of export affected pollution and mortality. A one standard deviation increase in PollutionExportShock increases infant mortality by 2.2 deaths per thousand live births, which is about 13% of the standard deviation of infant mortality change during the period. The dollar value of export expansion tends to reduce mortality, but is not always statistically significant. We show that the channel through which exports affect mortality is pollution concentration: a one standard deviation increase in PollutionExportShock increases SO2 concentration by 5.4 micrograms per cubic meter (the average is around 60). We find a negative, but insignificant effect on pollution of the dollar-value export shocks, a potential “technique” effect whereby higher income drives demand for clean environment. We find that only infant mortality related to cardio-respiratory conditions responds to exports shocks, while deaths due to accidents and other causes are not affected.
ErbB 3 expression predicts sensitivity to elisidepsin treatment : In vitro synergism with cisplatin , paclitaxel and gemcitabine in lung , breast and colon cancer cell lines

Irvalec® (elisidepsin trifluoroacetate, PM02734) is a novel marine-derived cyclic peptide belonging to the Kahaladide family of compounds, currently in clinical trials with preliminary evidence of antitumor activity. Previous studies have shown a correlation between elisidepsin sensitivity and expression of the ErbB3 receptor in a panel of NSCLC cell lines. We have studied the effect of elisidepsin on the ErbB3 pathway, characterizing the expression of all members of the ErbB (HER) family of receptors and their main downstream signaling effectors, such as Akt and MAPK. Interestingly, we observed a downregulation of ErbB3 upon elisidepsin treatment that correlates with a reduction in the Akt phosphorylation levels in the most sensitive cell lines, whereas ErbB3 levels are not affected in the less sensitive ones. Also, we observed that the basal levels of ErbB3 protein expression show a significant correlation with cell viability response against elisidepsin treatment in 14 different cell lines. Furthermore, we analyzed the combination of elisidepsin with different chemotherapeutics agents, such as cisplatin, paclitaxel and gemcitabine, in a panel of different breast (MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7), lung (HOP62, DV90 and A549) and colorectal cancer cell lines (DLD1 and HT29). IC50 values for the different drugs were tested. We observed a synergistic effect in all cell lines tested with any chemotherapeutic agent. More importantly, the two in vitro elisidepsin-resistant cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and HOP62) presented a synergistic effect in combination with cisplatin and paclitaxel, respectively. These results provide a rationale for further development of these combinations in an ongoing clinical trial.
Does hospital procedure-specific volume affect treatment costs? A national study of knee replacement surgery.

OBJECTIVE The long-run cost savings potential of private sector reform efforts, such as selective contracts with providers, depends in part on the relationship between procedure-specific volume and average hospital resources that are consumed in treating patients associated with that specific procedure. Study examines a model that estimates the relationship between hospital procedure-specific volume and average hospital treatment costs, using an elective surgical procedure as an example. DATA SOURCES Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) files for 1989 for hospitalizations in which a Medicare beneficiary received a knee replacement (KR) surgery during 1989. Hospital information was obtained from the American Hospital Association's 1989 Annual Survey. All patient-level data were aggregated to the hospital level to create a data file, with the hospital as the unit of observation. STUDY DESIGN This study used administrative claims data and regression analysis to estimate the effect of hospital procedure-specific volume on average hospital treatment costs of patients receiving KR surgery. We also examined the stability of the volume-cost relationship across hospitals of different sizes. PRINCIPAL FINDING The average treatment costs associated with KR surgery are inversely related to a hospital's KR volume in the regression equation estimated using all hospitals performing KR surgery. The inverse relationship between cost and volume is found to be robust for different-size hospitals. CONCLUSIONS The potential cost savings associated with performing KR surgery at incrementally higher hospital volume level can amount to as much as 10 percent of the hospital's average treatment cost. However, the incremental cost savings associated with increased patient volume depends on the hospital's current volume level and its size.
New fragile authentication watermark for images

We propose a new fragile watermark for image authentication. Based on the Yeung-Mintzer (see Proc. ICIP'97, Santa Barbara, California, 1997) scheme, the new watermark does not have certain security gaps common to many previously proposed fragile watermarks. A block cipher is used instead of binary look-up tables. Pixel values are perturbed by small quantities so that the cipher maps small pixel neighborhoods to a fixed binary logo. This process is further modified in order to embed image indices (time stamps) into disjoint blocks of every image. This is necessary for detection of collages from multiple authenticated images. We also formulate basic security requirements and investigate the security of the new scheme.
Motion control of intelligent cane robot under normal and abnormal walking condition

In this study, we present an omni-directional cane robot for aiding the elderly and handicapped people walking. The motion control problem is investigated for both normal and abnormal walking conditions. In the case of the user's normal walking aided by the cane robot, a concept called “Intentional Direction (ITD)” is proposed. Guided by the online estimated ITD, we apply the admittance control method in the motion control of cane robot. The gravity compensation is also considered because the user is possible to walk on a slope. For the abnormal walking, we mainly studied the case of user's falling down. The Center of Gravity (COG) of user can be estimated from the angle of an inverted pendulum which represents human model. Fall prevention algorithm based on the relationship between user's COG and the cane is proposed. This algorithm is also applied in the motion control of cane robot. The proposed method are verified through experiments.
Uyarlamalı Bulanık-PI Denetim Esaslı Dinamik Senkron Kompanzatör ile Reaktif Güç Kompanzasyonu Benzetim Çalışması

Elektrik guc sistemlerinde guc katsayisinin duzeltilmesi islemi reaktif guc kompanzasyonu olarak adlandirilmaktadir . Asiri uyartilmasi durumunda kapasitif reaktif guc ureten senkron motorlar guc sistemlerinde dinamik kompanzator olarak kullanilirlar. Senkron motorun hem mekanik guc ureteci hem de guc katsayisi duzeltici olarak kullanilmasi endustriyel tesisler icin daha ekonomik olmaktadir. Bu durum endustriyel tesislerin verimini arttirmaktadir. Literaturde reaktif guc kompanzasyonu ile guc sisteminin verimliligini, kapasitesini ve degisik calisma kosullarinda kararliligini saglayabilmek icin bircok calisma bulunmaktadir. Bu makale dinamik senkron kompanzatorun denetimi icin uyarlamali bulanik PI denetim yontemini onermektedir.