Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zero-Forcing Oriented Power Minimization for Multi-Cell MISO-NOMA Systems: A Joint User Grouping, Beamforming, and Power Control Perspective

Future wireless communication systems have been imposed high requirement on power efficiency for operator’s profitability as well as to alleviate information and communication technology (ICT) global carbon emission. To meet these challenges, the power consumption minimization problem for a generic multi-cell multiple input and single output non-orthogonal multiple access (MISO-NOMA) system is studied in this work. The associated joint user grouping, beamforming (BF) and power control problem is a mixed integer non-convex programming problem, which is tackled by an iterative distributed methodology. Towards this end, the near-optimal zero-forcing (ZF) BF is leveraged, wherein the semiorthogonal user selection (SUS) strategy is applied to select BF users. Based on these, the BF vectors and BF users are determined for each cell using only local information. Then, two distributed user grouping strategies are proposed. The first one, called channel condition based user clustering (CCUC), performs user grouping in each cell based on the channel conditions. This is conducted independently of the power control part and has low computational complexity. Another algorithm, called power consumption based user clustering (PCUC), uses both the channel conditions and inter-cell interference information to minimize each cell’s power consumption. In contrary to CCUC, PCUC is optimized jointly with the power control. Finally, with the obtained user grouping and BF vectors, the resultant power allocation problem is optimally solved via an iterative algorithm, whose convergence is mathematically proven given that the problem is feasible. We perform Monte-Carlo simulation and numerical results show that the proposed resource management methods outperform various conventional MISO schemes and the non-clustered MISO-NOMA strategy in several aspects, including power consumption, outage probability, energy efficiency, and connectivity efficiency.
Cellulose biosynthesis in plants - the concerted action of CESA and non-CESA proteins

Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide produced by plants. In the form of rigid microfibrils surrounding the cells, cellulose constitutes the load-bearing cell wall element that controls cell growth and shape. Cellulose microfibrils are laid down outside the cell by the multimeric plasma membrane-inserted cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs), which move along underlying cortical microtubules (CMTs). In plants, CSCs are shaped as rosettes with six lobes symmetrically arranged in a hexagonal structure. In Arabidopsis, the CSC is composed of at least three functionally non-redundant cellulose synthase (CESA) glycosyltransferases in both primary and secondary cell walls. The number, organization, and interactions of CESA proteins within the CSC have been debated for many years on the basis of numerous lines of evidence provided by electron microscopy, biochemical and genetic approaches, spectroscopic techniques, as well as computational modeling. The Arabidopsis thaliana model was extremely useful in elucidating the molecular composition of CSC and enabled to elucidate the specialized functions of distinct AtCESA isoforms. Several additional, non-CESA proteins involved in cellulose synthesis and its regulation were also identified in Arabidopsis. This review outlines the latest findings on CSC organization, trafficking, and plant-specific proteins directly associated with the complex and interconnecting CESAs with CMTs.
Bacterial abundance on the skin, gills and intestines ofCyprinus carpioin Lake Naivasha, Kenya: Implications for public health and fish quality

Cyprinus carpio is the most important fish species in the Lake Naivasha fishery, comprising 51% of the total catch in the lake. Microflora, especially enteric bacteria of human or animal origin, are the causative agent for fish contamination and spoilage. Poor sanitation standards and poor sewage treatment and disposal methods within Lake Naivasha and its catchment pose a great threat for degrading the quality of C. carpio. The potential impact is rejection of the fish in the local, regional and international markets, risking the collapse of the Lake Naivasha fishery. This study determined the bacterial quality of water and C. carpio from three different sites within Lake Naivasha, namely Malewa River mouth, sewage discharge point and a mid-lake site, based on plate count techniques. Physicochemical parameters characterizing the lake water also were also measured in situ. This study results indicated that both the fish and water in Lake Naivasha exhibited poor bacterial quality. All the physicochemical parameters were within the recommended range for fish culture, although they also were conducive to the proliferation of bacteria. Most of the sampling sites exhibited significant spatial variation in their bacterial abundance (P < 0.05). The sewage discharge sampling site exhibited the highest mean density values for bacterial densities and clearly degrade the quality of the fish in the lake. Proper sewage treatment, and the installation of modern sanitation facilities, is recommended to improve the bacterial quality of the fish.
Toward Autonomous Driving by Musculoskeletal Humanoids: A Study of Developed Hardware and Learning-Based Software

This article summarizes an autonomous driving project by musculoskeletal humanoids. The musculoskeletal humanoid, which mimics the human body in detail, has redundant sensors and a flexible body structure. These characteristics are suitable for motions with complex environmental contact, and the robot is expected to sit down on the car seat, step on the acceleration and brake pedals, and operate the steering wheel with both arms. We reconsider the developed hardware and software of the musculoskeletal humanoid Musashi in the context of autonomous driving. The respective components of autonomous driving are conducted using the benefits of the hardware and software. Finally, we show that Musashi succeeded in the pedal and steering wheel operations with recognition.
An empirical study on the effect of group awareness in CSCL environments

ABSTRACT The online learning practice has already demonstrated that the quality of interaction and motivation in collaborative learning is not as good as expected, due to the loneliness and burnout feeling spawned by inadequate learning status information about others. This study proposed a model on group awareness to feedback information of group learning status with charts or diagrams, including the cognitive awareness, social awareness and behavioural awareness, so as to support the self-regulated learning and group interaction. On the platform developed for teaching of computer science, an experiment that lasted for one semester was conducted on three classes (one experimental class and two control classes). And students’ ability of learning strategies and self-efficacy were measured before and after the experiment. The group awareness tool embedded in the platform was applied to generate status about the interaction in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. The data analysis showed that the model had a significant effect on maintaining motivation, reducing the sense of loneliness and improving interaction quality.
Cofoundress value as a predictor of the timing of conflict in the social wasp, Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera Vespidae)

The effect of value (contribution of individual to group productivity) on the timing of aggression among cofoundresses of the social wasp, Polistes fuscatus, was investigated in the field. Behavioral observations (96 hr) were conducted on 16 multiple-foundress colonies during the late preworker (pre-emergence) and early postworker (post-emergence) phases of the colony cycle. In 5 colonies, either the subordinate or queen was lost prior to postworker observations. In matched preworker and postworker observations of the remaining 11 colonies, foundresses were significantly more tolerant of each other after the emergence of workers than before. Both queens and subordinate foundresses were more tolerant of each other in postworker observations. These results are the opposite of expectations based on the value of cofoundresses in the postworker phase of the colony cycle. However, the assumptions that underlie the hypothesized inverse relationship between aggression and value may not apply. Factors other than v.
Reproduction and Demography of the Florida Everglade (Snail) Kite

Etude de la reproduction et de la survivance chez Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus. Sur une periode de 18 ans, et dans quatre aires de nitrification, les differents parametres concernant la demographie des populations sont analyses et les relations avec les saisons, le niveau d'eau et le type de milieu sont examinees
Why the Definition of Eusociality Is Not Helpful to Understand Its Evolution and What Should We Do about It

The evolution of altruism is the central problem of the evolution of eusociality. The evolution of altruism is most likely to be understood by studying species that show altruism in spite of being capable of ''selfish'' individual reproduction. But the definition of eusociality groups together primitively eusocial species where workers retain the ability to reproduce on their own and highly eusocial species where workers have lost reproductive options. At the same time it separates the primitively eusocial species from semisocial species, species that lack life-time sterility and cooperatively breeding birds and mammals, in most of which, altruism and the associated social life are facultative. The definition of eusociality is also such that it is sometimes difficult to decide,what is eusocial and what is not. I therefore suggest that, (1) we expand the scope of eusociality to include semisocial species, primitively eusocial species, highly eusocial species as well as those cooperatively breeding birds and mammals where individuals give up substantial or all personal reproduction for aiding conspecifics, (2) there should be no requirement of overlap of generations or of life-time sterility and (3) the distinction between primitively and highly eusocial should continue, based on the presence or absence of morphological caste differentiation.
Introduction of Na⁺ in Reduced Graphene Oxide Prepared From Coconut Shells and Its Magnetic Properties

In this article, we report for the first time that the intercalation of sodium (Na) ions into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets can significantly improve its magnetic properties. The intercalation of sodium ions is marked by an increase in the distance between the rGO layers confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Unlike pure graphite, the distance between the rGO layers is larger so that it allows sodium ions to stick and intercalate between the rGO sheets. We investigate structure, room-temperature magnetization, and electrical conductivity of Na-intercalated rGO with the variations of rGO:Na mole ratio of 1:0 (rGO), 2:1 (GNa21), 1:1 (GNa11), and 1:2 (GNa12). The sample with the highest Na mole ratio in the series, GNa12, has the highest concentration of defects compared with other samples. GNa12 also has the highest room-temperature magnetization and electrical conductivity. Saturation magnetization ( ${M}_{S}$ ) of the samples increases in the same order as the electrical conductivity with increasing Na mole ratio. Our results show that magnetism in Na-intercalated rGO can be explained by a Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction, in which the interaction between the magnetic impurities in rGO is mediated by conduction electrons from the rGO host.
XNect

We present a real-time approach for multi-person 3D motion capture at over 30 fps using a single RGB camera. It operates successfully in generic scenes which may contain occlusions by objects and by other people. Our method operates in subsequent stages. The first stage is a convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates 2D and 3D pose features along with identity assignments for all visible joints of all individuals. We contribute a new architecture for this CNN, called SelecSLS Net, that uses novel selective long and short range skip connections to improve the information flow allowing for a drastically faster network without compromising accuracy. In the second stage, a fullyconnected neural network turns the possibly partial (on account of occlusion) 2D pose and 3D pose features for each subject into a complete 3D pose estimate per individual. The third stage applies space-time skeletal model fitting to the predicted 2D and 3D pose per subject to further reconcile the 2D and 3D pose, and enforce temporal coherence. Our method returns the full skeletal pose in joint angles for each subject. This is a further key distinction from previous work that do not produce joint angle results of a coherent skeleton in real time for multi-person scenes. The proposed system runs on consumer hardware at a previously unseen speed of more than 30 fps given 512x320 images as input while achieving state-of-the-art accuracy, which we will demonstrate on a range of challenging real-world scenes.
Characterization of Starch Isolated from Plantain (Musa paradisiaca normalis)

Starch isolated from unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca normalis) was evaluated for their chemical, physical, physicochemical, rheological and morphometric characteristics. The average yield of starch was 10–12%, the granules were irregularly shaped and the size varied from 10 to 50μm. The average chemical composition (% of dry matter) of the starch was as follows: crude fat 0.09, crude fiber 0.26, ash 0.02, and total sugar 0.03 (as non reducing sugar). Excluding crude fiber content all these characteristics were smaller than those of commercial corn starch. The pH of both starches ranged from 5.6 to 6.7, while acidity contents were 0.010 and 0.012 for corn and plantain starch, respectively. Absolute density, gel consistency, color and syneresis were similar in both starches, while the reducing value and gel strength were higher in plantain starch than in corn starch. Except for the initial gelatinization temperature, all the rheological parameters of plantain starch also were higher than those of corn starch. Charakterisierung der aus Plantain (Musa paradisiaca normalis) isolierten Starke. Starke aus unreifem Plantain (Musa paradisiaca normalis) Wurde bewertet hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen, physikalischen, physikalisch-chemischen, rheologischen und morphometrischen, Charakteristika. Die durchschnittliche Starkeausbeute betrug 10–12%. Die Korner hatten unregelmasige Gestalt, und ihre Grose lag zwischen 10 und 50μm. Die durchschnittliche chemische Zusammensetzung (% der Trockensubstanz) der Starke war wie folgt: Rofett 0,09, Rohfaser 0,26, Asche 0,02 und Gesamtzucker (als nichtreduzierender Zucker) 0,03%. Abgesehen von dem Rohfasergehalt waren alle diese Charakteristika geringer als die von handelsublicher Maisstarke. Der pH-Wert beider Starken lag zwischen 5,6 und 6,7, wahrend die Aziditatsgehalte 0,010 fur Mais- und 0,012 fur Plantainstarke betrugen. Die absolute Dichte, Gelkonsistenz, Farbe und Synarese waren bei beiden Starken ahnlich, wahrend der Reduktionswert und die Gelstarke der Plantainstarke hoher lagen als bei Maisstarke. Auser der anfanglichen Verkleisterungstemperatur waren alle rheologischen Parameter hoher als die von Maisstarke.
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Incidence Among 42785 Adults: The Thai Cohort Study, 2005-2013

BACKGROUND: Due to economic and social development in Thailand, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVA) have been gradually replacing infectious diseases and have become the main threat to health in this country. METHOD: This study used the 2005 baseline data of 42785 members of the Thai cohort study (TCS) to identify health risk factors correlated with incidence of CVD and/or CVA over 8 years (2005- 2013). We applied multivariate logistic regression to investigate associations between demographic and socioeconomic factors, health conditions, and personal lifestyle factors and CVD and/or CVA incidence. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of CVD and/or CVA in males was more than three times that in females. CVD and/or CVA incidence was correlated with ageing, obesity (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.16-2.40) and previous diagnosis with diabetes (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.80-5.30), hyperlipidaemia (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.08-2.19), hypertension (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.13-2.59), chronic kidney disease (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.35-4.10), and depression/anxiety (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.64-4.63). Short sleep time was positively associated with CVD and/or CVA in the Thai Cohort Study. An inverse association between performing housework and the incidence of CVD and/or CVA was also identified. However, current smoking had a significant positive correlation with the incidence of CVD and/or CVA for participants. CONCLUSION: Older age, obesity, underlying diseases, short sleep time, and current smoking were the risk factors for CVD and/or CVA incidence for the participants. However, housework, as an incidental exercise, could protect people against the risk of CVD and/or CVA.
Current Issues Of Metrics For Information Security Awareness

Measuring information security awareness (ISA) is mostly done by the measurement of knowledge. However, knowledge does not allow any statement about actual behavior. Therefore, measurement techniques are required, that are focusing on the behavior of employees. We carried out a structured literature review as well as expert interviews in order to retrieve current requirements for metrics in theory and practice. Moreover, we show that the interviewees defined some more requirements than are available in literature. The goal of our research is, to create a performance measurement system (PMS) based on the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Therefore, we had to check if the different aspects of the IBM can be covered by existing metrics. Although many of the requirements can be fulfilled by current metrics, not all aspects of the IBM can be covered. Therefore, we need additional research to create a PMS that allows the evaluation of ISA in companies.
Acetylation of faba bean legumin: conformational changes and aggregation

The effect of progressive acetylation upon the conformation of the 11S globulin legumin from faba bean has been studied using chemical analysis, UV, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy, viscometry and analytical ultracentrifugation. The modification did not induce complete dissociation of the oligomeric protein. Only 30% of the protein was found to be a dissociated 3S subunit after excessive acetylation, whereas 70% was a dimeric legumin aggregate with a molecular mass of about 700 kDa. The aggregation of the highly modified legumin in high-ionic-strength buffer solution leads to soluble higher legumin oligomers. The acetylation resulted in a moderate molecular expansion of legumin due to a changed tertiary structure, whereas the far-UV circular dichroism spectra did not provide definitive evidence of a decrease in domain-stabilizing β-sheet conformations in their secondary structure. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
La Fragilidad Institucional del Estado Mexicano ante la Delincuencia Organizada. El caso de Michoacán

El problema de la delincuencia Mexico obedece a causas politicas profundas que tienen que ver con un funcionamiento imperfecto de la institucion politica mexicana. El narcotrafico y el crimen organizado pueden explicarse como consecuencia de una complejidad institucional que impide el imperio y aplicacion de la Ley. El problema de la inseguridad podra terminar en Mexico en la medida en que se de una consolidacion de las instituciones democraticas que garanticen un cumplimiento de los entramados juridicos esenciales. A partir del analisis del caso del estado de Michoacan se hace hincapie en que este proceso debe darse a nivel de los gobiernos estatales y locales que son las instancias mas cercanas a los ciudadanos y en donde se aprecian fallas sensibles en la creacion de un ambiente armonico de convivencia social y especificamente en el funcionamiento del aparato de seguridad y administracion de justicia. Los entramados institucionales que garanticen un minimo de cumplimiento de la Ley generarian un entorno que disminuya la impunidad y la colusion de autoridades con la delincuencia. En este trabajo analizamos algunos aspectos de los entramados institucionales del gobierno estatal y municipal en Michoacan, siguiendo las lineas de la teoria de la desorganizacion social que atribuye la variacion en el crimen y la delincuencia a traves del tiempo y entre las regiones a la ausencia o colapso de las instituciones (gobierno, familia, escuela, iglesia etc.) y las relaciones comunitarias que tradicionalmente motivan las relaciones de cooperacion entre las personas.
Evaluation of methods for erwinia amylovora detection

ABSTRACT Phytosanitary measures to control diseases require sensitive and reliable detection methods. In case of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, there are several methods developed. We tested six of them: (1) a conventional method; (2) standard PCR; (3) BIO-PCR; (4) Real-time PCR with SYBR Green; (5) Real-time PCR with TaqMan probe; and (6) Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) in terms of their specificity, sensitivity and repeatability. Of the methods tested, only Real-time PCR with SYBR Green amplified non-specific fragments, which could be however identified by melting curve analysis. Real-time PCRs (both with SYBR Green and TaqMan probe) and LAMP were most sensitive and allowed to detect E. amylovora even in the samples where the concentration of cells was lower than 2 x 101 cfu/reaction. The highest repeatability was obtained using conventional method and Real-time PCRs. Of the methods used, only the LAMP technique was very insensitive to plant impurities.
The Cell Cycle in the Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. IV. Relationship between Cell Size and Cycle Time of Non-Growing Cells Due to a Nutritional Shift-Down

To prepare an oversized and synchronized cell sample, exponentially growing cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were exposed to 8 mM hydroxyurea for 3 h, then transferred to a poor medium (0.5 % malt medium or nitrogen-free minimal medium). The transferred cells were grown in a small chamber without shaking and observed by time-lapse photomicrography. Cells cultivated in the poor medium divided twice synchronously, but hardly elongated in cell length between the two divisions. Under this condition, the relationship between cell size and cycle duration (the time interval between the divisions) was investigated. Cells smaller than a particular size had a negative correlation between cell size at birth and cycle duration. Cells above the particular cell size had a constant minimum cycle duration. Cells divided regardless of size at division. These results suggest that cycle duration depends on cell size at birth, not at division.