Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppliers' network analysis under the perspective of structural, relational and cognitive embeddedness: an exploratory study

Paper aims: To analyze and characterize a supplier network under the analytical perspective of structural, relational and cognitive embeddedness. Originality: Analysis of a network of suppliers in a soft drink industry using Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques. Research method: The case study was used as a research strategy. The analysis of structural perspectives, relational and cognitive embeddedness and their respective variables were considered, as well as measures of centrality and density of the network of suppliers. Main findings: The analysis allowed to establish the characteristics of the network of suppliers regarding structural, relational and cognitive embeddedness and their respective variables. However, it should be noted that the manuscript addresses a single case study, and it is not possible to generalize the results obtained. Implications for theory and practice: The findings of this paper can be used as a basis to understand how to use the main metrics of social network analysis to investigate the structural, relational and cognitive characteristics of a company and your network.
Implementation of Energy Strategies in Communities (Annex 63) Volume 3: Application of Strategic Measures

Quitzau, Maj-Britt; Hoffmann, Birgitte ; Petersen, Jens-Phillip; Heller, Alfred; Olesen, Bjarne W. ; Rode, Carsten; Aagesen, Vickie ; Mørck, Ove; Lynar, Uta; Ebenbeck, Luise; Commenges, Judith; Freudenberg, Jens ; Vieweg, Paul; Koch, Andreas; Peter, Markus; Sevenet, Marie; Cajot, Sebastien; Kornmann, Maren ; Stryi-Hipp, Gerhard; Kellenberger, Daniel; Schmid, Christian; Roser, Annette; Banon, Fabrice; Church, Kenneth; Andresen, Inger; Nielsen, Brita Fladvad; Juhasz-Nagy, Eszter; Shimoda, Yoshiyuki ; Streblow, Rita; Schiefelbein, Jan; Buggie, Ruth; Meally, Declan; Strasser, Helmut; Mair Am Tinkhof, Oskar ; Sørensen, Åse Lekang; Slotterback, Carissa Schively ; Kimman, Jacques
Rule-Based Translation as Constraint Resolution

This paper is mainly concerned with the rule-based approach to Machine Translation. It begins with some general remarks on the relation between rule-based and empirical approaches to MT, stressing the importance of the diversity of goals for MT research and the contributions both types of approach can make. In the following section, an assessment is given of the major difficulties for rule-based MT. The major part of the paper discusses the notion of constraint-based translation and shows how some of these difficulties can be partly addressed with this approach.
Lung pathology in fatal novel human influenza A (H1N1) infection.

RATIONALE There are no reports of the systemic human pathology of the novel swine H1N1 influenza (S-OIV) infection. OBJECTIVES The autopsy findings of 21 Brazilian patients with confirmed S-OIV infection are presented. These patients died in the winter of the southern hemisphere 2009 pandemic, with acute respiratory failure. METHODS Lung tissue was submitted to virologic and bacteriologic analysis with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy. Expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CD8(+) T cells and granzyme B(+) cells in the lungs was investigated by immunohistochemistry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients were aged from 1 to 68 years (72% between 30 and 59 yr) and 12 were male. Sixteen patients had preexisting medical conditions. Diffuse alveolar damage was present in 20 individuals. In six patients, diffuse alveolar damage was associated with necrotizing bronchiolitis and in five with extensive hemorrhage. There was also a cytopathic effect in the bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as necrosis, epithelial hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia of the large airways. There was marked expression of TLR-3 and IFN-gamma and a large number of CD8(+) T cells and granzyme B(+) cells within the lung tissue. Changes in other organs were mainly secondary to multiple organ failure. CONCLUSIONS Autopsies have shown that the main pathological changes associated with S-OIV infection are localized to the lungs, where three distinct histological patterns can be identified. We also show evidence of ongoing pulmonary aberrant immune response. Our results reinforce the usefulness of autopsy in increasing the understanding of the novel human influenza A (H1N1) infection.
Low power and low voltage chopper amplifier without LPF

A mobile sensor system for very low level biological signals such as neuron spikes is required to implement with a scaled CMOS technology. For a key circuit of these systems, a chopper amplifier (CA) which suppresses DC offset and 1/f noise of MOS devices is widely used. However, the conventional CA consumes large power because it requires a wide-band amplifier exceed a chopping frequency and a post Low Pass Filter (LPF) for eliminating modulation noise. In this paper, a new CA architecture for reducing power consumption is presented. In the architecture, the demodulator is placed at the input of 2nd stage amplifier and the 2nd stage has a narrow band determined with a 1st pole. Moreover the post LPF is not required. The proposed CA was designed and simulated with a 0. 18µm CMOS process and a 1.2V supply. When the ratio of chopping frequency and signal band width is set to 100 (=10kHz/100Hz), the power consumption of the CA is reduced to 1/88 (=7µW/616µW) compared with the conventional CA.
Structural characterization of histone H2A variants.

protein to form chromatin, the fundamental unit of which is the nucleosome core particle (NCP). An NCP consists of two copies each of the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. This histone octamer binds 147 base pairs of DNA around its outer surface in 1.65 tight superhelical turns (Fig. 1A) (Luger et al. 1997; Richmond and Davey 2003). Linker histones and other nonhistone proteins promote or stabilize the folding of nucleosomal arrays into superstructures of increasing complexity and largely unknown architecture (Hansen 2002). Covalent modification of the core histones and variations in the fundamental biochemical composition of nucleosomes distinguish transcriptionally active from inactive chromatin regions, by either changing the structure of the nucleosomes, altering their ability to interact with other protein factors, or modifying their propensity to fold into varying degrees of higher-order structures (or by any combination of the above). Studying the mechanism for establishing distinct chromatin domains is essential to understanding differential regulation of gene expression and all other DNA-dependent processes. Much progress has been made in this direction in the past few years. Substitution of one or more of the core histones with the corresponding histone variants has the potential to exert considerable influence on the structure and function of chromatin. Histone variants are distinct nonallelic forms of conventional, major-type histones that form the bulk of nucleosomes during replication and whose synthesis is tightly coupled to S phase. Histone variants are characterized by a completely different expression pattern that is not restricted to S phase. They are found in most eukaryotic organisms and are expressed in all tissue types (unlike some H2B isoforms that are found only in specialized tissues such as testes). Compared to their majortype counterparts, histone variants exhibit moderate to significant degrees of sequence homology (Fig. 1B). H2A.X (82%) and H3.3 (~96%) are the least divergent of all histone variants. H2A.Z (~60%), macroH2A (~65%), H2A.Bbd (40%), and CenpA, which has a 93 amino acid domain that is 62% identical to H3 (Palmer et al. 1991; Sullivan et al. 1994), are increasingly divergent in their Structural Characterization of Histone H2A Variants
A Typology of pay-forperformance programs inpublicly funded primary healthcare systems

Background: Over the last decade many systems have introduced pay-forperformance (P4P) programs in primary care with the goals of enhancing health care service delivery. The design and implementation of such programs has been fragmented across jurisdictions, and the individual resultant programs vary in nature and in nomenclature. Comparisons across these programs are challenging given the distinct lack of a standardized unifying framework. Methods: We review policy documents and conduct a systematic review of associated literature of seven pay-for-performance systems in four Commonwealth countries which seem to have similar philosophies and histories regarding publicly funded primary health care. These countries are: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Results: We create a typology of P4P programs in primary health care in the context of public funding. Our typology identifies four key dimensions of P4P programs, each of which is further divided into categories. The dimensions are: type of service targeted, nature of target, nature of reward, and budget implications. The typology is applied to the seven case study systems to illustrate how it can facilitate comparisons between programs. Conclusions: A standardized typology of P4P program is an important first step in the gaining of a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying these programs, and their
Transfer of orbital angular momentum to an optically trapped low-index particle

We demonstrate the transfer of orbital angular momentum from a light beam to a trapped low-index particle. The particle is trapped in a dark annular region of a high-order Bessel beam and rotates around the beam axis due to scattering from the helical wave fronts of the light beam. A general theoretical geometrical optics model is developed that, applied to our specific situation, corroborates tweezing and transfer of orbital angular momentum to the low-index particle. Good quantitative agreement between theory and experiment for particle rotation rates is observed.
Personal meanings of death in relation to fear of death.

This study assessed death meanings and death fears held by 2 age groups of adults, related the death meanings to fear of death, and determined whether death meanings and fear of death depended on age and gender. Study participants were 265 college students (aged 19 to 55). Factor analysis of participant responses to 30 death-meaning items identified 3 dimensions of death meanings: Extinction, Afterlife, and Legacy. Hierarchical regression analyses determined the combined effect of the 3 death-meaning dimensions on each of 8 Leming Fear of Death Scale (LFDS) subscales, after effects of gender and age group were accounted for. Younger respondents and women had greater fear of death on certain subscales. Extinction was a significant predictor (p less than .05) of 7 LFDS subscores, Afterlife predicted 4 subscores, and legacy predicted 2 subscores.
Abacavir and Lamivudine Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet Once Daily Compared With Abacavir and Lamivudine Twice Daily in HIV-Infected Patients Over 48 Weeks (ESS30008, SEAL)

Background:Abacavir (ABC) and lamivudine (3TC) administered twice daily were compared with an ABC + 3TC fixed-dose combination (Epzicom, Kivexa; EPZ) administered once daily, both in combination with a protease inhibitor (PI) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Methods:Two hundred sixty HIV-infected subjects with more than 6 months of ABC and 3TC administered twice daily plus a PI or NNRTI with an HIV-1 RNA level less than 400 copies/mL for more than 3 months and a CD4+ count greater than 50 cells/mm3 were randomized 1:1 to ABC + 3TC administered twice daily or EPZ administered once daily. Results:At baseline, median time on ABC and 3TC administered twice daily was 22 months, and median CD4+ count and HIV-1 RNA level were 554 cells/mm3 and <50 copies/mL, respectively. EPZ administered once daily was established as not inferior to ABC + 3TC administered twice daily based on the proportion of nonvirologic failures (confirmed HIV-1 RNA level ≥1265 copies/mL; 90% confidence interval: −3.4 to 6.4; (intent to treat [ITT]: missing [M] = failure [F]). Proportions with an HIV-1 RNA level <50 copies/mL were 81% of those taking EPZ once daily and 82% of those taking ABC + 3TC twice daily at week 48 (ITT: M = F). Virologic failure was rare (2 patients taking the once-daily regimen, 4 patients taking the twice-daily regimen). There was a low incidence of grade 2 through 4 adverse events (AEs) and no drug-related serious AEs or hypersensitivity reactions. Conclusions:EPZ administered once daily was established as not inferior to ABC + 3TC administered twice daily in a regimen containing an NNRTI or a PI over 48 weeks. A dual-nucleoside backbone of ABC and 3TC administered once or twice daily is effective, durable, and well tolerated.
Effects of methylglyoxal and glyoxalase I inhibition on breast cancer cells proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis through modulation of MAPKs, MMP9, and Bcl-2

Abstract Emerging evidence indicates that methylglyoxal (MG) can inhibit tumorigenesis. Glyoxalase I (GLOI), a MG degradation enzyme, is implicated in the progression of human malignancies. However, little is known about the roles of MG and GLOI in breast cancer. Our purpose was to investigate the anticancer effects of MG and inhibition of GLOI on breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms of these effects. Our findings demonstrate that cell viability, migration, invasion, colony formation, and tubule formation were significantly restrained by addition of MG or inhibition of GLOI, while apoptosis was significantly increased. Furthermore, the expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38 was markedly upregulated by addition of MG or inhibition of GLOI, whereas MMP-9 and Bcl-2 expression levels were dramatically decreased. These effects were augmented by combined treatment with MG and inhibition of GLOI. Collectively, these data indicate that MG or inhibition of GLOI induces anticancer effects in breast cancer cells and that these effects are potentiated by combination of the 2. These effects were modulated by activation of the MAPK family and downregulation of Bcl-2 and MMP-9. These findings may provide a new approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
Design of a novel, Battery-less, Solar Powered Wireless Tag for enhanced range remote tracking applications

In this paper, we present the first ever wireless “Battery-less Solar Powered Wireless Tag” that can also communicate with wireless sensor networks for the first time reported. This RFID is based on the hardware/software codesign of five different technologies, and could set the foundation of ubiquitous ultra-low-cost RFID networks and the first generation of “green” RF electronics offering truly cognitive intelligence.
SGLT2 Inhibitors: A New Generation of Antidiabetic Drugs

The incidence of type 2 diabetes is markedly increasing worldwide. Despite a plethora of therapeutic options available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the ability to effectively normalize blood glucose levels and prevent long-term complications of diabetes remains elusive. There is intense search for new drugs for diabetes. One novel therapeutic class of antidiabetic drugs is sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. SGLT2 is renal membrane transporter that plays an important role in glucose reabsorption within kidneys. Hence, inhibition of SGLT2 enhances renal glucose excretion, consequently lowers blood glucose levels in an insulinindependent manner. This article describes various SGLT2 inhibitors currently available in the market and also agents that are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Currently three SGLT2 inhibitors are approved for clinical use and several others are still in development. The emerging data suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors hold great promise for the clinical management of type 2 diabetes. It remains to be seen whether this class of drugs offers additional advantages over the existing oral hypoglycemic agents.
Positive-outcome bias and other limitations in the outcome of research abstracts submitted to a scientific meeting.

CONTEXT Studies with positive results are more likely to be published in biomedical journals than are studies with negative results. However, many studies submitted for consideration at scientific meetings are never published in full; bias in this setting is poorly studied. OBJECTIVE To identify features associated with the fate of research abstracts submitted to a scientific meeting. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective observational cohort, with 5-year follow-up of all research submitted for consideration to the major annual 1991 US research meeting in the specialty of emergency medicine. PARTICIPANTS All research abstracts submitted for consideration at the meeting for possible presentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Characteristics associated with acceptance for presentation at the meeting and subsequent publication as a full manuscript. RESULTS A total of 492 research abstracts were submitted from programs in emergency medicine and other specialties affiliated with 103 US medical schools. A total of 179 (36%) were accepted for presentation and 214 (43%) were published in 44 journals. Of the 179 abstracts accepted for presentation, 111 studies were published. Scientific quality of abstracts or prestige of the journal in which the study was eventually published did not predict either of these outcomes. The best predictors (by logistic regression) of meeting acceptance were a subjective "originality" factor (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-3.89) and positive results (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.07-3.84), and, for publication, meeting acceptance (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.49-4.35) and large sample size (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.23-4.31). Forty-nine percent (241) of abstracts did not report on blinding, and 24% (118) did not report on randomization. Acceptance and publication were both more likely for positive outcomes (P=.03). Funnel plots showed the classic distribution of positive-outcome ("publication") bias at each of the submission, acceptance, and publication phases. Meeting acceptance predicted publication with a sensitivity of only 51%, specificity of 71%, positive predictive value of 57%, and negative predictive value of 66%. CONCLUSIONS Positive-outcome bias was evident when studies were submitted for consideration and was amplified in the selection of abstracts for both presentation and publication, neither of which was strongly related to study design or quality.
Research on possibilities of transporter movement using brain-computer interface based on Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP)

This paper presents the research on the possibility of transporter movement with the use of SSVEP based on a brain-computer interface (BCI). In the first paragraph, the authors present general information about human-computer communication. The next chapter concerns theoretical background about BCI based on EEG. The authors present a method how to place electrodes during an EEG and a general classification of BCI. The current state of knowledge about SSVEP (Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential) is presented. In the next paragraph concerns used equipment and software, also a block diagram of the program and a description of the test stand. In the last part, the authors described the results of their research on the movement of the transporter in two directions using SSVEP.
Sustainability: A flawed concept for fisheries management?

The concept of sustainable fishing is well ingrained in marine conservation and marine governance. However, I argue that the concept is deeply flawed; ecologically, socially and economically. Sustainability is strongly related, both historically and currently, to maximum long-term economic exploitation of a system. Counter-intuitively, in fisheries, achieving this economic exploitation often relies on government subsidies. While many fish populations are not sustainably fished biologically, even ‘sustainably harvesting’ fish results in major ecological changes to marine systems. These changes create unknown damage to ecosystem processes, including carbon capture potential of the ocean. The spatial scale of commercial fishing processes can also lead to social and food security issues in local, coastal communities that rely on fish for dietary needs. A radical alternative proposal is provided to the current situation. Ultimately, offshore fishing should be stopped completely and fish catches should rely instead on inshore fisheries. While such an approach may require a change in thinking and human behaviour regarding fish, I demonstrate that there are many benefits of this approach, including ecological, social and to local coastal economies, and few negatives, although management measures and coastal marine protected areas to protect vulnerable species and habitats would still be required. As such, the approach suggested is much more akin to a holistic definition of sustainability or ‘prevention of ecological harm’, rather than the maximum long-term exploitation of an ecosystem which is an underlying assumption of much fisheries and conservation research. While the suggestions in the study would benefit from further ecological, social and economic modelling, any movement towards restricting offshore catches should provide some degree of the benefits detailed.
Modeling fluctuation contexts with resource theories : Details 37 Appendix G . Proofs of relationships among thermal-interaction models

Fluctuation-dissipation relations, such as Crooks’ Theorem and Jarzynski’s Equality, are powerful tools in quantum and classical nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. We link these relations to a newer approach known as “one-shot statistical mechanics. ” Rooted in one-shot information theory, one-shot statistical mechanics concerns statements true of every implementation of a protocol, not only of averages. We show that two general models for work extraction in the presence of heat baths obey fluctuation relations and one-shot results. We demonstrate the usefulness of this bridge between frameworks in several ways. Using Crooks’ Theorem, we derive a bound on one-shot work quantities. These bounds are tighter, in certain parameter regimes, than a bound in the fluctuation literature and a bound in the one-shot literature. Our bounds withstand tests by numerical simulations of an information-theoretic Carnot engine. By analyzing data from DNA-hairpin experiments, we show that experiments used to test fluctuation theorems also test one-shot results. Additionally, we derive one-shot analogs of a known equality between a relative entropy and the average work dissipated as heat. Our unification of experimentally tested fluctuation relations with one-shot statistical mechanics is intended to bridge one-shot theory to applications. PACS numbers: 05.70. Ln, 05.40. -a, 03.67. -a 05.70. -a, a E-mail: nicoleyh@caltech.edu b E-mail: oscar.dahlsten@physics.ox. ac.uk 1 ar X iv :1 40 9. 38 78 v1 [ co nd -m at . s ta tm ec h] 1 2 Se p 20 14
Cost of community gastroenteritis

Background and Aim: Gastroenteritis is a common illness that causes considerable morbidity in developed countries. Endemic gastroenteritis that is not associated with outbreaks causes the greatest number of cases, but information is limited about the burden of this disease, and the resources required to manage its impact on society. In the present study, we estimated the rate of endemic gastroenteritis, the number of visits to the local doctor, use of medication, and the cost of gastroenteritis in Australia.