Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Surgical Outcomes

Background and Objective: The role of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) is controversial. This meta-analysis examines the effect of preoperative MRI compared with standard preoperative assessment on surgical outcomes, focusing on studies that used a controlled design. Methods: Using random-effects logistic meta-regression modeling, we estimated the proportion of women with each outcome in the MRI versus no-MRI groups, and calculated the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR (adjusted for study-level median age, and, where appropriate, for temporal effect) for each model. Results: There were 9 eligible studies (2 randomized trials; 7 comparative cohorts). Outcomes in 3112 patients with BC (any histological tumor type) for MRI versus no-MRI (referent) were as follows: initial mastectomy 16.4% versus 8.1% [OR, 2.22 (P < 0.001); adjusted OR, 3.06 (P < 0.001)]; re-excision after initial breast conservation 11.6% versus 11.4% [OR, 1.02 (P = 0.87); adjusted OR, 0.95 (P = 0.71)]; overall mastectomy 25.5% versus 18.2% [OR, 1.54 (P < 0.001); adjusted OR, 1.51 (P < 0.001)]. In 766 patients with invasive lobular cancer (ILC), outcomes were as follows: initial mastectomy 31.1% versus 24.9% [OR, 1.36 (P = 0.056); adjusted OR, 2.12 (P = 0.008)]; re-excision after initial breast conservation 10.9% versus 18.0% [OR, 0.56 (P = 0.031); adjusted OR, 0.56 (P = 0.09)]; overall mastectomy 43.0% versus 40.2% [OR, 1.12 (P = 0.45); adjusted OR, 1.64 (P = 0.034)]. Conclusions: Our summary of the evidence showed that MRI significantly increased mastectomy rates and suggests an unfavorable harm-benefit ratio for routine use of preoperative MRI in BC. We found weak evidence that MRI reduced re-excision surgery in patients with ILC —although this was at the expense of increased mastectomies—and overall patient benefit from MRI in ILC is not clear from this study.
Physicians' information needs: analysis of questions posed during clinical teaching.

OBJECTIVE To describe information requests expressed during clinical teaching. SETTING Residents' work rounds, attending rounds, morning report, and interns' clinic in a university-based general medicine service. SUBJECTS Attending physicians, medical house staff, and medical students in a general medicine training program. METHODS An anthropologist observed communication among study subjects and recorded in field notes expressions of a need for information. We developed a coding scheme for describing information requests and applied the coding scheme to the data recorded. Based on assigned codes, we created a subset of strictly clinical requests. MEASUREMENTS Five hundred nineteen information requests recorded during 17 hours of observed clinical activity were selected for detailed analysis. These requests related to the care of approximately 90 patients by 24 physicians and medical students. Sixty-five requests were excluded because they were not strictly clinical, leaving a subset of 454 clinical questions for analysis. MAIN RESULTS On average, five clinical questions were raised for each patient discussed. Three hundred thirty-seven requests (74%) concerned patient care. Of these 337 questions, 175 (52%) requested a fact that could have been found in a medical record. Seventy-seven (23%) of these questions, motivated by the needs of patient care, were potentially answerable by a library, a textbook, a journal, or MEDLINE. Eighty-eight (26%) of the questions asked for patient care required synthesis of patient information and medical knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians in the study settings requested information frequently. Many of these information needs required the synthesis of patient information and medical knowledge and thus were potentially difficult to satisfy. A typology is proposed that characterizes information needs as consciously recognized, unrecognized, and currently satisfied.
HYPERLYSINEMIA WITHOUT CLINICAL FINDINGS

Abstract. Özalp, I. , Hasanoĝlu, A. , Tunçbilek G. and Yalaz, K. (Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey). Hyperlysinemia without clinical findings. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 951, 1981. ‐A three‐year‐old asymptomatic boy with hyperlysinemia is presented. The patient's plasma lysine levels have been constantly high (685‐1 370 μmol/l) and excessive urinary excretion of ornithine, arginine and cystine have been noted. There was no detectable activity of lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase nor saccharopine dehydrogenase in skin fibroblast culture. Review of the reported cases and this patient with serious biochemical defect but without symptoms indicate clinical heterogeneity in hereditary hyperlysinemia.
Controlling an avatar by thought using real-time fMRI

Objective. We have developed a brain–computer interface (BCI) system based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with virtual reality feedback. The advantage of fMRI is the relatively high spatial resolution and the coverage of the whole brain; thus we expect that it may be used to explore novel BCI strategies, based on new types of mental activities. However, fMRI suffers from a low temporal resolution and an inherent delay, since it is based on a hemodynamic response rather than electrical signals. Thus, our objective in this paper was to explore whether subjects could perform a BCI task in a virtual environment using our system, and how their performance was affected by the delay. Approach. The subjects controlled an avatar by left-hand, right-hand and leg motion or imagery. The BCI classification is based on locating the regions of interest (ROIs) related with each of the motor classes, and selecting the ROI with maximum average values online. The subjects performed a cue-based task and a free-choice task, and the analysis includes evaluation of the performance as well as subjective reports. Main results. Six subjects performed the task with high accuracy when allowed to move their fingers and toes, and three subjects achieved high accuracy using imagery alone. In the cue-based task the accuracy was highest 8–12 s after the trigger, whereas in the free-choice task the subjects performed best when the feedback was provided 6 s after the trigger. Significance. We show that subjects are able to perform a navigation task in a virtual environment using an fMRI-based BCI, despite the hemodynamic delay. The same approach can be extended to other mental tasks and other brain areas.
Prognostic and health management for aircraft electrical power supply system

According to the electrical power supply system analysis, a system of prognostic and health management (PHM) for the electrical power supply system is presented. The PHM system can accomplish the condition assessment of the key characteristics and device in the electrical power supply system without additional test equipment. The condition of rotating rectifier, contact resistance and so on can be evaluated by the data-driven approach. The architecture of the PHM system is easy to modify and update on the base of traditional aircraft electrical power supply system.
Cogging Torque Reduction of a Hybrid Axial Field Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Machine With Three Methods

The hybrid axial field flux-switching permanent-magnet machine (HAFFSPMM) is a novel hybrid excited machine with short axial length and high torque density, which is suitable for electrical vehicle drive. However, the HAFFSPMM exhibits a higher cogging torque than traditional permanent-magnet machines due to the doubly salient structure and the high flux density. To reduce the cogging torque, three cogging torque reduction methods by tangential displacement of stators, asymmetric rotor pole shape, and segment-twisted rotor are investigated in this paper. The influences of the asymmetric angle of the three methods on the cogging torque and the output torque are analytically investigated and numerically verified by a three-dimensional finite-element method. The results show that the cogging torque can be greatly reduced, whereas the output torque decreases slightly even increases. In no terms of output torque, the cogging torque with segment-twisted rotor is less than the other two methods; in terms of output torque, the cogging torque reduction with an asymmetric rotor pole shape is better than the others.
Comparison of modified Bass technique with normal toothbrushing practices for efficacy in supragingival plaque removal.

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to compare the efficacy in supragingival plaque removal of normal toothbrushing practices and a particular toothbrushing technique, the modified Bass method. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The research consisted of two identical experiments with two toothbrushing methods: the normal toothbrushing practices and the modified Bass technique. Forty-six secondary, non-dental students (10 males and 36 females) with ages ranging from 18 to 30 years were selected. Dental plaque was assessed according to the Turesky modification of Quigley-Hein Index. Subjects were requested not to brush their teeth 48 h prior to the baseline record of plaque index. Participants were instructed to brush twice daily during 3 min for the duration of the 3-week trial using their usual toothpaste. Plaque index was recorded at 2, 7 and 21 days. RESULTS The modified Bass (Mod-Bass) technique was significantly (P < 0.05) more effective in removing supragingival plaque than normal toothbrushing practices both in all, buccal and lingual sites. After 21 days, the normal practices did not significantly decrease mean plaque indices compared to the scores calculated after 7 days (P > 0.05), but did so with the modified Bass technique (P < 0.05). The modified Bass technique was specially efficient at the lingual sites where it was 2.9-fold more effective than normal practices in reducing plaque scores (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results show that a particular toothbrushing technique as modified Bass method is significantly superior to normal toothbrushing practices in supragingival plaque removal. The introduction of a specific toothbrushing technique, such as modified Bass technique represents an important improvement in the oral hygiene of the patients.
Comparing Human and Automated Coding of News Articles on Hydraulic Fracturing in New York and Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT Understanding how the news media portray controversial natural resource issues is an important area of environmental policy research due to the media’s ability to influence public opinion and policymaking. Automated media coding is becoming increasingly used as an alternative or supplement to the human coding of these portrayals. However, the comparability of human versus automated coding of the news media has not been well documented. This research note provides a comparison of an automated method to human coding of newspaper articles on the controversial issue of hydraulic fracturing. It describes the methods and results of coding 1,037 articles from four newspapers in New York and Pennsylvania. This research note compares the automated method to a human coding method and describes the proportion of coverage of New York and Pennsylvania newspapers on economic, environmental, and social topics related to hydraulic fracturing.
Opposing roles of cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector B and perilipin 2 in controlling hepatic VLDL lipidation[S]

Regulation of hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and maturation is crucial in controlling lipid homeostasis and in the development of metabolic disorders, including obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Cideb, a member of cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) protein family, has been previously shown to promote VLDL lipidation and maturation. However, the precise subcellular location of Cideb-mediated VLDL lipidation and the factors modulating its activity remain elusive. In addition to its localization to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets (LD), we observed that Cideb was also localized to the Golgi apparatus. Mature and lipid-rich VLDL particles did not accumulate in the Golgi apparatus in Cideb−/− livers. Interestingly, we observed that hepatic perilipin 2/adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) levels were markedly increased in Cideb−/− mice. Liver-specific knockdown of perilipin 2 in Cideb−/− mice resulted in the reduced accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (TAG), increased VLDL-TAG secretion, and the accumulation of mature TAG-rich VLDL in the Golgi apparatus. These data reveal that Cideb and perilipin 2 play opposing roles in controlling VLDL lipidation and hepatic lipid homeostasis.
Is depression with atypical features associated with trauma history?

OBJECTIVE Although studies have linked childhood trauma to depression resembling the atypical subtype, a majority of these studies did not use DSM-IV criteria for atypical features nor assess trauma both before and after depression onset. This study examined the relationship between atypical depression and lifetime trauma with the hypothesis that atypically depressed patients would report a higher number of trauma exposures than nonatypically depressed patients. METHOD Raters blind to depressive subtype investigated trauma history by reviewing the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) posttraumatic stress disorder modules and social history sections in charts of depressed outpatients who had participated in treatment studies between 1985 and 2010. Rates of trauma both before and after depression onset were compared for 292 depressed patients with and without DSM-IV-defined atypical features using χ2 tests and binary logistic regressions. This chart review was conducted from 2009 to 2011. RESULTS Lifetime trauma was reported significantly more often by depressed patients with atypical features than by those without (P < .001). Patients with atypical features reported significantly more traumatic experiences both prior to (P = .012) and following (P = .015) depression onset. When sex and age at onset or duration of depression were used as covariates, depressive subtype was a significant predictor of reported trauma both prior to (P = .028) and following (P = .011) depression onset. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a relationship exists between atypical depression and lifetime trauma that may be more complex than the etiologic pathways outlined in prior research. Rather, trauma and atypical depression may be interrelated throughout life.
The Largest and Dominant Shareholders in the Russian Industry

Abstract The paper analyses evolution of ownership structures and patterns of control at Russian privatized firms. The data are provided by three surveys, conducted by The Russian Economic Barometer in 1995, 1997 and 1999. According to results obtained, ownership profile of the Russian industry continues to be skewed in favor of insiders. However, in most cases the first largest shareholders are outside investors. Companies with medium concentration of shareholdings are more successful than companies with dispersed or highly concentrated ownership structure and firms under control of managers or financial outsiders outperform firms controlled by employees, non-financial outsiders or the state.
General Boundary Value Problems of the Korteweg-de Vries Equation on a Bounded Domain

In this paper we consider the initial boundary value problem of the Korteweg-de Vries equation posed on a finite interval \begin{equation} u_t+u_x+u_{xxx}+uu_x=0,\qquad u(x,0)=\phi(x), \qquad 0 0 \qquad (1) \end{equation} subject to the nonhomogeneous boundary conditions, \begin{equation} B_1u=h_1(t), \qquad B_2 u= h_2 (t), \qquad B_3 u= h_3 (t) \qquad t>0 \qquad (2) \end{equation} where \[ B_i u =\sum _{j=0}^2 \left(a_{ij} \partial ^j_x u(0,t) + b_{ij} \partial ^j_x u(L,t)\right), \qquad i=1,2,3,\] and $a_{ij}, \ b_{ij}$ $ (j,i=0, 1,2,3)$ are real constants. Under some general assumptions imposed on the coefficients $a_{ij}, \ b_{ij}$, $ j,i=0, 1,2,3$, the IBVPs (1)-(2) is shown to be locally well-posed in the space $H^s (0,L)$ for any $s\geq 0$ with $\phi \in H^s (0,L)$ and boundary values $h_j, j=1,2,3$ belonging to some appropriate spaces with optimal regularity.
Validation of a short version of the glaucoma medication self-efficacy questionnaire

Aims The aims of this study were: (1) to examine whether the original glaucoma medication adherence and eye drop technique self-efficacy scales could be shortened for easier use in practice settings; and (2) to validate these scales against objective medication adherence measures. Methods Prospective study conducted at a single private practice site. We measured subjects' adherence to glaucoma medications through Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) devices and assessed eye drop instillation technique by video-recording. Principal components factor analysis and logistic and linear regression were used to analyse the data. Results Our results yielded a 10-item Glaucoma Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale that was strongly associated with subject adherence measured using MEMS (β coefficient 8.52, 95% CI 1.94 to 15.1). In addition, the six-item Eye Drop Technique Self-Efficacy Scale was strongly associated with video-recorded subject eye drop installation technique (OR 10.47, 95% CI 1.78 to 61.63). Conclusions Eye care providers and researchers could use these shorter scales to identify subjects with either poor glaucoma medication adherence and/or eye drop instillation technique. This could help to identify those who may benefit most from education and training on both adherence and eye drop instillation.
Satisfactory rate of post-processing visualization of fetal cerebral axial, sagittal, and coronal planes from three-dimensional volumes acquired in routine second trimester ultrasound practice by sonographers of peripheral centers

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility to visualize central nervous system (CNS) diagnostic planes from three-dimensional (3D) brain volumes obtained in ultrasound facilities with no specific experience in fetal neurosonography. Methods. Five sonographers prospectively recorded transabdominal 3D CNS volumes starting from an axial approach on 500 consecutive pregnancies at 19–24 weeks of gestation undergoing routine ultrasound examination. Volumes were sent to the referral center (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Roma Tor Vergata, Italy) and two independent reviewers with experience in 3D ultrasound assessed their quality in the display of axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Results. CNS volumes were acquired in 491/500 pregnancies (98.2%). The two reviewers acknowledged the presence of satisfactory images with a visualization rate ranging respectively between 95.1% and 97.14% for axial planes, 73.72% and 87.16% for coronal planes, and 78.41% and 94.29% for sagittal planes. The agreement rate between the two reviewers as expressed by Cohen's kappa coefficient was >0.87 for axial planes, >0.89 for coronal planes, and >0.94 for sagittal planes. The presence of a maternal body mass index >30 alters the probability of achieving satisfactory CNS views, while existence of previous maternal lower abdomen surgery does not affect the quality of the reconstructed planes. Conclusions. CNS volumes acquired by 3D ultrasonography in peripheral centers showed a quality high enough to allow a detailed fetal neurosonogram.
Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Low Back Pain and Disability in Mother’s of Cerebral Palsy

Background: In mothers with Cerebral Palsy children,higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders are seen due torepetitive bending, lifting, and twisting activity while taking care of the child.Reduced core muscle strength especiallyof Transverse Abdominis&Multifidusmuscle will lead to increase in low back pain and disability in this population. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Core Stability exercises on low Back pain and disability in mothers of Cerebral Palsy Children. Method: Thirty mothers with chronic low back pain who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Core muscle strength was assessed using pressure Bio-Feedback, pain was measured using Visual Analogue Scale and Disability was measured using Owestry Disability Index. Core stability exercises were given for 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Result: The result showedthat there was significant improvement in Core muscle strength, and reduction in pain and disability in patients with Chronic Low Back pain. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was significant improvement in the abdominal muscle strength, low back pain score and disability score post core stability exercises in mothers of cerebral palsy children having low back pain.
Prevalence of sleep problems in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Background Sleep disturbance in multiple sclerosis has received little research attention despite the potential influence it may have on disease impact. Objective To estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders in a large community sample of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Methods A cross-sectional self-report survey of 1063 persons with multiple sclerosis. Sleep was assessed using the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale and Medical Outcomes Study Sleep measure. Results The prevalence of sleep problems in multiple sclerosis is significantly higher than in the general population or other chronic diseases and may affect women with multiple sclerosis more than men. Conclusion Sleep disturbance should routinely be evaluated in patients with multiple sclerosis and new interventions developed.
Ligand-Receptor and Receptor-Receptor Interactions Act in Concert to Activate Signaling in the Drosophila Toll Pathway*♦

In Drosophila, the signaling pathway mediated by the Toll receptor is critical for the establishment of embryonic dorso-ventral pattern and for innate immune responses to bacterial and fungal pathogens. Toll is activated by high affinity binding of the cytokine Spätzle, a dimeric ligand of the cystine knot family. In vertebrates, a related family of Toll-like receptors play a critical role in innate immune responses. Despite the importance of this family of receptors, little is known about the biochemical events that lead to receptor activation and signaling. Here, we show that Spätzle binds to the N-terminal region of Toll and, using biophysical methods, that the binding is complex. The two binding events that cause formation of the cross-linked complex are non-equivalent: the first Toll ectodomain binds Spätzle with an affinity 3-fold higher than the second molecule suggesting that pathway activation involves negative cooperativity. We further show that the Toll ectodomains are able to form low affinity dimers in solution and that juxtamembrane sequences of Toll are critical for the activation or derepression of the pathway. These results, taken together, suggest a mechanism of signal transduction that requires both ligand-receptor and receptor-receptor interactions.