Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transactivation of a human cytomegalovirus early promoter by gene products from the immediate-early gene IE2 and augmentation by IE1: mutational analysis of the viral proteins

Expression from a human cytomegalovirus early promoter (E1.7) has been shown to be activated in trans by the IE2 gene products (C.-P. Chang, C. L. Malone, and M. F. Stinski, J. Virol. 63:281-290, 1989). Using wild-type and mutant viral proteins, we have defined the protein regions required for transactivation of the E1.7 promoter in IE2 and for augmentation of transactivation in the IE1 protein. Two regions of the IE2 proteins were found to be essential for transactivation. One near the amino terminus is within 52 amino acids encoded by exon 3. The second comprises the carboxyl-terminal 85 amino acids encoded by exon 5. The IE2 protein encoded by an mRNA which lacks the intron within exon 5 and the IE2 protein encoded by exon 5 had no activity for transactivation of the E1.7 promoter. Although the IE1 gene product alone had no effect on this early viral promoter, maximal early promoter activity was detected when both IE1 and IE2 gene products were present. The IE1 protein positively regulated its enhancer-containing promoter-regulatory region. The IE1 protein alone increased the steady-state level of IE2 mRNA; therefore, IE1 and IE2 are synergistic for expression from the E1.7 promoter. Like the IE2 proteins, the IE1 protein requires for activity 52 amino acids encoded by exon 3. IE1 also requires amino acids encoded by exon 4. Since the IE1 and IE2 proteins have 85 amino acids in common at the amino-terminal end encoded by exons 2 and 3, the difference between these specific transactivators resides in their carboxyl-terminal amino acids encoded by exons 4 and 5, respectively.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Male Police Personnel in Urban Puducherry, India.

BACKGROUND Hypertension is an important health issue among high risk occupation groups like police personnel. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among male police personnel. Method This cross sectional study was conducted among male police personnel residing in urban Puducherry, India. Data on blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, demographic factors, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, stress level, obesity and dietary factors were collected by interview technique using a standard questionnaire. RESULT About 296 police personnel were participated. Most of them belonged to the age group of 25-39 years (68%). The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 37.8% and 34.5% respectively. Among those with hypertension, 56.86% (58/102) were known hypertensives and 43.13% (44/102) were newly diagnosed. Age group of 50-59 years (AOR=8.472) and 40-49 years (AOR=8.15), currently using alcohol (AOR=1.797), less than 7 servings of fruits in a week (AOR=3.228), moderate stress level (AOR=2.374) and waist circumference more than 90 cm (AOR=4.937) were associated with higher prevalence of hypertension among police personnel. CONCLUSION Hypertension among Police personnel is comparatively higher than general population in this area. Reduction in alcohol use, increase in fruit servings along with other lifestyle modification measures may help in prevention and control of hypertension.
On the way. Men's and women's managerial careers in Norway

This article analyzes how men’s and women’s careers are influenced by path dependence, different career determinants, and generation gaps. The analysis is based on panel data from AFF’s leadership surveys, and follows a representative sample of Norwegian managÅRGANG 59, NR. 2-2018, S. 131–156 ISSN ONLINE: 1504-291X TOM COLBJØRNSEN OG KNUD KNUDSEN 132 This article is downloaded from www.idunn. no. © 2018 Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). ers in the middle phase of their careers between 1999 and 2011. The data shows that male managers start their careers in higher managerial positions and invest longer hours in their jobs than their female colleagues. Women who are careerists do succeed, however, in reducing some of men’s advantage later on. Higher education and jobs in private sector firms are significant determinants of women’s chances for reaching a top management position. For male managers it is seemingly more important to start their careers at high levels, and to invest in future promotion opportunities by working long hours. Young female managers at the outset of their careers in 2011 started in higher positions than those at the same age twelve years earlier. The article demonstrates how panel analysis and cohort analysis may bring new insights into men’s and women’s career trajectories, and concludes by suggesting how such approaches may be further developed in future research.
Exchange Rate Policy and Inflation in Ghana

The study aims at examining the relationship between exchange rate policy (adjustment) and inflation in Ghana. Using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was used to compare the effects of devaluation on inflation in short run and long run periods in the economy of Ghana. The findings revealed that both the long run and short run devaluations of the cedi have been inflationary. The long run nominal exchange rate coefficient of -0.4052 means a 1% devaluation of the cedi will result in 0.4052% increase in the general price level. Also the research shows that both the long run and the short run depreciation of the cedi have been inflationary. The long run co-efficient of -0.8244 means a 1% depreciation of the cedi will result in 0.8244% increase in the general price level in the long run. In the ECM model for fixed exchange rate the speed of adjustment of -0.5641 is quite high. The coefficient of -0.5641 implies that it will take less than 2 years for disequilibrium in the dynamic (short run) model to be restored. Also in the ECM model for flexible exchange rate the speed of adjustment is quite low. The co-efficient of -0.3126 means it will take over 2 years for disequilibrium in the dynamic model to be restored. The findings suggest that reduction in the value of the cedi, either through devaluation or depreciation has been inflationary. This is because devaluation under fixed exchange rate and depreciation under flexible exchange rate have the effect of increasing the prices of imported raw materials and capital equipment needed for production with the result of increasing cost of production and prices of final products. It is highly recommended that government pursue policies that will help stabilize the value of the cedi against the major currencies, so as to boost people confidence in the cedi and check inflation. In light of this, policies geared towards encouraging foreign exchange inflows need to be pursued vigorously. Government should also pursue policies to remove bottlenecks (rigidities) in production, so as to increase output and solve inflation.
A 3 V 4 GHz nMOS voltage-controlled oscillator with integrated resonator

There is increasing interest in implementing the key components of radio transceivers in mature silicon technologies. Submicron CMOS technology combined with low-parasitic on-chip passives is emerging as a strong candidate to implement many of these components that traditionally have been realized using GaAs. Fully-monolithic voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) present many challenges to any technology since they require low-parasitic high-quality passives for acceptable tuning range and phase noise levels, and low-power active devices at microwave frequencies. A 1.8 GHz CMOS VCO with a 4.5% tuning range is not fully monolithic, as it requires bonding wires as inductive elements in the tank circuit. Fully-integrated LC resonators offer the advantages of low cost and reduced sensitivity to packaging parasitics at the price of lower resonator Q values due to the losses in on-chip spiral inductors and varactor diodes. The authors present a fully-monolithic VCO based on an nMOS gain stage and an integrated tunable resonator operating at 4 GHz with a 9% tuning range. The technology is a 5-level metal 0.5 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process (BiCMOS4S+). No bipolar devices are used in the active circuitry.
Consistency Between Satellite-Derived and Modeled Estimates of the Direct Aerosol Effect

Cooling Down Some aerosols, such as sulfates, reflect solar radiation and have a cooling effect on climate, while others, such as black carbon, have a warming effect because they absorb solar radiation. The preponderance of reflective aerosols causes the net effect to be one of cooling, but the amount of cooling is uncertain, owing to a large difference in estimates of the effect of aerosols in global aerosol models compared with estimates based on observations. Myhre (p. 187, published online 18 June; see the Perspective by Quaas) uses a combination of observational data and modeling to reconcile the two approaches, drawing particular attention to relative increases in the aerosol fraction of black carbon. Taken together, the results suggest a best estimate of the cooling effect of aerosols that is 60% of previous reports. Observational data and modeling narrows the large range of uncertainty about how much aerosols influence climate. In the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, the direct aerosol effect is reported to have a radiative forcing estimate of –0.5 Watt per square meter (W m−2), offsetting the warming from CO2 by almost one-third. The uncertainty, however, ranges from –0.9 to –0.1 W m−2, which is largely due to differences between estimates from global aerosol models and observation-based estimates, with the latter tending to have stronger (more negative) radiative forcing. This study demonstrates consistency between a global aerosol model and adjustment to an observation-based method, producing a global and annual mean radiative forcing that is weaker than –0.5 W m−2, with a best estimate of –0.3 W m−2. The physical explanation for the earlier discrepancy is that the relative increase in anthropogenic black carbon (absorbing aerosols) is much larger than the overall increase in the anthropogenic abundance of aerosols.
The Evolutionary Complexity of Endogenous Innovation

The notion of endogenous innovation as the outcome of the creative response of firms to out-of-equilibrium conditions is the cornerstone of the new evolutionary complexity. This book elaborates and applies the theoretical framework established in the authorâ€™s previous work Endogenous Innovation: The Economics of an Emergent System Property. This volume carefully explores the role of the reactivity of firms to out-of-equilibrium conditions. It also examines the quality of knowledge governance mechanisms in assessing the levels of externalities that define the likelihood of creative responses, as an alternative to adaptive responses.
Development of a chronic pain-specific version of the Sickness Impact Profile.

OBJECTIVE Given the prevalence and complexity of chronic pain, there is a need for measures of disability that (a) provide comprehensive, useful clinical information with regard to patient functioning, and (b) do so as briefly as possible to minimize respondent burden. The primary objective of this study was to reduce the length of a well-known, highly detailed measure of disability, the 136-item Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), and develop a psychometrically sound short form for use in chronic pain (SIP for Chronic Pain, SIP-CP). METHOD A 2-parameter logistic item response theory model was used to develop the SIP-CP in a sample of adults presenting for treatment at an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program (N = 723). Items were assessed for inclusion at the subscale level; poorly contributing items were removed sequentially, and model fit was evaluated at each step until adequate fit was achieved. Finally, linear regressions examined the variance accounted for by the SIP-CP in relation to the full-length SIP in measures of patient functioning. RESULTS The SIP-CP contains 42 items that yield 7 subscale scores and 2 summary dimension scores, Physical and Psychosocial disability. Acceptable reliability and evidence of convergent and divergent validity were demonstrated for each component. The SIP-CP accounted for a similar amount of the variance in measures of depression, pain-related anxiety, pain acceptance, classes of prescribed analgesics, and pain-related medical visits as the full-length SIP. CONCLUSIONS The SIP-CP appears to provide robust clinical information with little loss of association with other key aspects of functioning, while substantially lowering response burden.
COI based Frequency Slow Dynamics Simulation of AC/DC Interconnected Power Systems Incorporating AGC

This paper suggests a structure-preserved frequency slow dynamics simulation model of ac/dc interconnected power systems incorporating AGC function, which will be applied to study relevant control so that power system viability crisis caused by frequency slow dynamics can be released. Then multi-control-area-based dynamic load flow (DLF) is designed based on the suggested model. In this model, the generator speed governor and rotor dynamics, linear load- frequency characteristics, AGC function of area control centers and simplified models for HVDC transmission are all considered. However, at this stage reactive power-voltage sub-problem is neglected for modeling simplicity, hence the interconnected power network is entirely preserved and described by dc power flow in time simulation. The area center of inertia (ACOI) concept is used based on the assumption of uniform frequency in individual control areas similar to conventional DLF. The computer test results from IEEE 30-bus system demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the suggested model and corresponding algorithm.
Ethical consumer behaviour in Germany: The attitude‐behaviour gap in the green apparel industry

In today's society, the trend of ethical consumerism is undeniable. Yet, even though consumers are ethically concerned, they rarely transform their intentions into a green purchasing behaviour—and this phenomenon is also evident in the sustainable fashion industry. This study aims to understand the prevailing attitude‐behaviour gap and explores the barriers that constrain consumers in purchasing green apparel. A total of 13 in‐depth interviews were conducted and analysed to the principles of grounded theory. The analysis reveals that the following barriers impede consumption of sustainable fashion: price, availability, knowledge, transparency, image, inertia and consumption habits. The impact of each dimension on consumers' purchase decisions might be of interest to apparel manufacturers and retailers who should implement strategies to encourage eco‐conscious apparel acquisition and focus on diminishing these barriers. Accordingly, three major recommendations are made: (a) to concentrate on specific product attributes; (b) to adopt an efficient digital communication strategy; and (c) to make a greater effort on making green apparel attainable. This study contributes to the overall understanding of consumer behaviour in the ethical fashion industry and examines in‐depth the purchasing criteria for sustainable fashion for consumers.
Transfected neu oncogene induces human prostate cancer metastasis

c‐erb B2/neu has been demonstrated to be a transforming oncogene in both rodent and human prostatic epithelial cells. To understand the potential role of neu in human prostatic cancer progression, we used a gene transfer procedure to determine whether neu amplification/overexpression leads to increased tumor growth and metastasis. We chose an androgen‐independent human prostatic epithelial cell line, PC‐3, as the target for gene transfer. PC‐3 cells were cotransfected with pSVneu‐T (a point‐mutated rat neu oncogene construct) and pSV2neo, and single‐cell cloned. Fifty cell clones were isolated and characterized, of which two neu‐transfected clones (N17 and N35) and a neo control clone (C32) were studied extensively with respect to neu gene integration, levels of neu mRNA and protein expression, anchorage‐independent growth, and tumorigenic and metastatic potential. Results showed that: 1) Clone N35 contained 70 copies of the neu oncogene and a high level of neu mRNA transcripts. It acquired increased anchorage‐independent growth potential in vitro and increased tumorigenicity in vivo. 2) Clone N17 contained 10 copies of the neu oncogene and a low level of neu mRNA transcripts. It did not acquire additional capability for anchorage‐independent growth and tumorigenic potential as compared to the controls. 3) Despite an increased level of neu mRNA transcripts present in clone N35, there was no corresponding increase of the steady‐state levels of neu protein in this particular clone. 4) When administered subcutaneously, none of the cell clones tested, including the control neomycin‐resistant clone, acquired metastatic potential. However, clone N35 exhibited marked metastatic potential when administered orthotopically; this cell clone was found to disseminate widely to the lymph nodes, kidney, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, and bone. 5) When neu‐transfected cell subclones from N35‐induced primary and metastatic lymph node, kidney, and bone tumors were analyzed for cytoskeletal, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion protein expression, the bone metastatic subclone exhibited increased levels of vimentin and collagen IV and decreased levels of cytokeratin and ICAM‐1. These results, taken together, suggest that neu transfection induces secondary changes, which, rather than neu protein per se, are responsible for the acquisition of tumorigenic and metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells when an appropriate host microenvironment is present. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring the Spanish Economy Through the Lenses of Structural Bayesian VARs

This paper proposes a suite of Structural Bayesian Vector Autoregression (SBVAR) models used (i) to disentangle the main shocks driving the Spanish economy over time and (ii) to provide short and medium term forecasts of output and infl ation. The suite consists of a benchmark model, that includes output, prices and interest rate, along with four extensions that gather information from the labor, financial, and international markets, and from the fiscal sector. The identification of the structural shocks is achieved by relying on sign and exclusion restrictions. The models provide a narrative of the contribution of fundamental economic shocks that agrees with main historic events of the Spanish economy. Moreover, the proposed SBVAR models are used to provide forecasts of output and inflation conditional on different scenarios about the development of key macroeconomic variables. Therefore, the suite could be incorporated to the toolkit of quantitative models that the Banco de Espana uses to perform forecasts.
Inherited variation in OATP1B1 is associated with treatment outcome in acute myeloid leukemia

Using broad interrogation of clinically relevant drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) genes on the DMET platform, we identified a genetic variant in SLCO1B1 (rs2291075; c.597C>T), encoding the transporter OATP1B1, associated with event‐free (P = 0.006, hazard ratio = 1.74) and overall survival (P = 0.012, hazard ratio = 1.85) in children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Lack of SLCO1B1 expression in leukemic blasts suggested the association might be due to an inherited rather than a somatic effect. rs2291075 was in strong linkage with known functional variants rs2306283 (c.388A>G) and rs4149056 (c.521T>C). Functional studies in vitro determined that four AML‐directed chemotherapeutics (cytarabine, daunorubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone) are substrates for OATP1B1 and the mouse ortholog Oatp1b2. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies using Oatp1b2‐deficient mice further confirmed our results. Collectively, these findings demonstrate an important role for OATP1B1 in the systemic pharmacokinetics of multiple drugs used in the treatment of AML and suggest that inherited variability in host transporter function influences the effectiveness of therapy.
Migration-Selection Balance Drives Genetic Differentiation in Genes Associated with High-Altitude Function in the Speckled Teal (Anas flavirostris) in the Andes

Abstract Local adaptation frequently occurs across populations as a result of migration-selection balance between divergent selective pressures and gene flow associated with life in heterogeneous landscapes. Studying the effects of selection and gene flow on the adaptation process can be achieved in systems that have recently colonized extreme environments. This study utilizes an endemic South American duck species, the speckled teal (Anas flavirostris), which has both high- and low-altitude populations. High-altitude speckled teal (A. f. oxyptera) are locally adapted to the Andean environment and mostly allopatric from low-altitude birds (A. f. flavirostris); however, there is occasional gene flow across altitudinal gradients. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to explore genetic patterns associated with high-altitude adaptation in speckled teal populations, as well as the extent to which the balance between selection and migration have affected genetic architecture. We identified a set of loci with allele frequencies strongly correlated with altitude, including those involved in the insulin-like signaling pathway, bone morphogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, responders to hypoxia-induced DNA damage, and feedback loops to the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. These same outlier loci were found to have depressed gene flow estimates, as well as being highly concentrated on the Z-chromosome. Our results suggest a multifactorial response to life at high altitudes through an array of interconnected pathways that are likely under positive selection and whose genetic components seem to be providing an effective genomic barrier to interbreeding, potentially functioning as an avenue for population divergence and speciation.
Sharing knowledge at a research university: experiences from the London School of Economics

Digital technologies offer universities a number of new challenges and opportunities, as is apparent in every chapter of this edited collection. Higher education is certainly not immune to the redefinitions of our digital landscape. From student recruitment to online learning, the digital world continues to shape and change (perhaps in some instances even ‘disrupt’) what a university is and does. Taking centre stage amongst this digital revolution is how universities and their academic staff communicate their value, broker their knowledge and expertise and engage externally with new public audiences and spheres. Where previously academics primarily communicated via the pages of academic journals, books and monographs, their scope for engagement – both internal and external – has been vastly increased via digital technologies and social media. Against the backdrop of digital opportunities in higher education and the growth of interest in boosting the impact of academic research, research staff at the London School of Economics began experimenting with coordinating their own academic blogging platforms in the mid to late 2000s. In this chapter we look at why new technologies came to play such a vital role in shifting approaches to research communication and what institutional strategies and tools were specifically adopted by the LSE during this time. We end with a look at how blogs and social media are being used to give better visibility and impact to researchers’ work and what can be done to sustain this effort going forward.