Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous changes in seed size, oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

Abstract Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here, re-sequencing data from >800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on GmSWEET10a. The selection of GmSWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover, GmSWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue GmSWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele GmSWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal GmSWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele GmSWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.
Corruption Control in the Developed World

Conventionally considered a developmental trait that would tend to disappear with the increase of wealth and the stabilization of democracy, corruption is rampant not just among developing countries and recent democracies, but also in mature democracies and developed countries. This editorial introduces the thematic issue and considers what the contributions tell us about new approaches to corruption control in the developed world. It also outlines avenues for future research in the field of corruption control.
Contrasted patterns of local adaptation to climate change across the range of an evergreen oak, Quercus aquifolioides

Long‐lived tree species are genetically differentiated and locally adapted with respect to fitness‐related traits, but the genetic basis of local adaptation remains largely unresolved. Recent advances in population genetics and landscape genomic analyses enable identification of putative adaptive loci and specific selective pressures acting on local adaptation. Here, we sampled 60 evergreen oak (Quercus aquifolioides) populations throughout the species' range and pool‐sequenced 587 individuals at drought‐stress candidate genes. We analyzed patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation for 381 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 65 candidate genes and eight microsatellites. Outlier loci were identified by genetic differentiation analysis and genome–environment associations. The response pattern of genetic variation to environmental gradient was assessed by linear isolation‐by‐distance/environment tests, redundancy analysis, and nonlinear methods. SNPs and microsatellites revealed two genetic lineages: Tibet and Hengduan Mountains–Western Sichuan Plateau (HDM‐WSP), with reduced genetic diversity in Tibet lineage. More outlier loci were detected in HDM‐WSP lineage than Tibet lineage. Among these, three SNPs in two genes responded to dry season precipitation in the HDM‐WSP lineage but not in Tibet. By contrast, genetic variation in the Tibet lineage was related to geographic distance instead of the environment. Furthermore, risk of nonadaptedness (RONA) analyses suggested HDM‐WSP lineage will have a better capacity to adapt in the predicted future climate compared with the Tibet lineage. We detected genetic imprints consistent with natural selection and molecular adaptation to drought on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) over a range of long‐lived and widely distributed oak species in a changing environment. Our results suggest that different within‐species adaptation processes occur in species occurring in heterogeneous environments.
A quantum framework for likelihood ratios

The ability to calculate precise likelihood ratios is fundamental to many STEM areas, such as decision-making theory, biomedical science, and engineering. However, there is no assumption-free statistical methodology to achieve this. For instance, in the absence of data relating to covariate overlap, the widely used Bayes' theorem either defaults to the marginal probability driven "naive Bayes' classifier", or requires the use of compensatory expectation-maximization techniques. Equally, the use of alternative statistical approaches, such as multivariate logistic regression, may be confounded by other axiomatic conditions, e.g., low levels of co-linearity. This article takes an information-theoretic approach in developing a new statistical formula for the calculation of likelihood ratios based on the principles of quantum entanglement. In doing so, it is argued that this quantum approach demonstrates: that the likelihood ratio is a real quality of statistical systems; that the naive Bayes' classifier is a special case of a more general quantum mechanical expression; and that only a quantum mechanical approach can overcome the axiomatic limitations of classical statistics.
New Technologies for Relaxation: The Role of Presence

Daniela VillaniCatholic University of Milan and Istituto Auxologico ItalianoFrancesco RivaCatholic University of MilanGiuseppe RivaCatholic University of Milan and Istituto Auxologico ItalianoIn recent years, several publications have appeared on virtual reality (VR)therapyinthetreatmentofanxietydisorders.However,alimitednumberofthesestudies targeted stress management and relaxation. To evaluate the efÞcacy ofVR as a support tool in the relaxation process, this study compared its efÞcacywith two other media (DVD and audiotape). The goals of the experiment were totest the efÞcacy of each condition in increasing relaxation and reducing anxiety,and whether the sense of presenceNthe feeling of being inside the mediacontentNcorrelated with the efÞcacy of the treatment. Results suggested theimportance of the sense of presence as a mediating variable between the mediaexperience and the efÞcacy of the protocol.
Fault Detection and Location of IGBT Short-Circuit Failure in Modular Multilevel Converters

A single fault detection and location for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is of great significance, as numbers of sub-modules (SMs) in MMC are connected in series. In this paper, a novel fault detection and location method is proposed for MMC in terms of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator (IGBT) short-circuit failure in SM. The characteristics of IGBT short-circuit failures are analyzed, based on which a Differential Comparison Low-Voltage Detection Method (DCLVDM) is proposed to detect the short-circuit fault. Lastly, the faulty IGBT is located based on the capacitor voltage of the faulty SM by Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Simulations have been done in the simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC and the results confirm the validity and reliability of the proposed method.
Hubble PanCET: an extended upper atmosphere of neutral hydrogen around the warm Neptune GJ 3470b

GJ 3470b is a warm Neptune transiting an M-dwarf star at the edge of the evaporation desert. It offers the possibility of investigating how low-mass, close-in exoplanets evolve under the irradiation from their host stars. We observed three transits of GJ 3470b in the Lyman-alpha line with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as part of the Panchromatic Comparative Exoplanet Treasury (PanCET) program. Absorption signatures are detected with similar properties in all three independent epochs, with absorption depths of 35+-7% in the blue wing of the line, and 23+-5% in the red wing. The repeatability of these signatures, their phasing with the planet transit, and the radial velocity of the absorbing gas allow us to conclude that there is an extended upper atmosphere of neutral hydrogen around GJ 3470 b. We determine from our observations the stellar radiation pressure and XUV irradiation from GJ 3470 and use them to perform numerical simulations of the upper atmosphere of GJ 3470b with the EVaporating Exoplanets (EVE) code. The unusual redshifted signature can be explained by the damping wings of dense layers of neutral hydrogen that extend beyond the Roche lobe and are elongated in the direction of the planet motion. This structure could correspond to a shocked layer of planetary material formed by the collision of the expanding thermosphere with the wind of the star. The blueshifted signature is well explained by neutral hydrogen atoms escaping at rates of about 1e10 g s-1 that are blown away from the star by its strong radiation pressure and are quickly photoionized, resulting in a smaller exosphere than that of the warm Neptune GJ 436b. The stronger escape from GJ 3470b, however, may have led to the loss of about 4-35% of its current mass over its 2 Gyr lifetime.
Anti-Disturbance Control for Quadrotor UAV Manipulator Attitude System Based on Fuzzy Adaptive Saturation Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Observer

Aerial operation with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) manipulator is a promising field for future applications. However, the quadrotor UAV manipulator usually suffers from several disturbances, such as external wind and model uncertainties, when conducting aerial tasks, which will seriously influence the stability of the whole system. In this paper, we address the problem of high-precision attitude control for quadrotor manipulator which is equipped with a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic arm under disturbances. We propose a new sliding-mode extended state observer (SMESO) to estimate the lumped disturbance and build a backstepping attitude controller to attenuate its influence. First, we use the saturation function to replace discontinuous sign function of traditional SMESO to alleviate the estimation chattering problem. Second, by innovatively introducing super-twisting algorithm and fuzzy logic rules used for adaptively updating the observer switching gains, the fuzzy adaptive saturation super-twisting extended state observer (FASTESO) is constructed. Finally, in order to further reduce the impact of sensor noise, we invite a tracking differentiator (TD) incorporated into FASTESO. The proposed control approach is validated with effectiveness in several simulations and experiments in which we try to fly UAV under varied external disturbances.
ii DIGITAL TECHNIQUES FOR COMPENSATION OF THE RADIO FREQUENCY IMPAIRMENTS IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION TERMINALS

The 3G and 4G systems make use of spectrum efficient modulation techniques which has variable amplitude. The variable amplitude methods usually use carrier‟s amplitude and phase to carry the message signal. As the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied continuously, they are sensitive to the disturbances affecting the information signal by introducing nonlinearities. Nonlinearities not only introduce errors in the data but also lead to spreading of signal spectrum which in turn leads to the adjacent channel interference. In transmitters, the power amplifier (PA) is the main source for introducing nonlinearities in the system, further to this, analog implementation of Quadrature modulator suffers from many distortions, at the same time receiver also suffers from Quadrature demodulator impairments, in particular, gain and phase imbalances and dc-offset from local oscillator, which all together degrades the performance of mobile communication systems. The baseband digital predistortion technique is used for compensation of the Radio Frequency (RF) impairments in transceivers as it provides significant accuracy and flexibility. The Thesis work is organized in two phases: in the first phase, a bibliography on available references is documented and later a simulation chain for compensation of RF impairments in mobile terminal is developed using Matlab software. By using the loop back features of Lime LMS 6002D architecture, it is possible to separate the problems of the Quadrature modulator (QM) and Quadrature demodulator (QDM) errors from the rest of the RF impairments. However in the Thesis work Lime LMS 6002D chip wasn‟t used, as the work was optional. So, in the Thesis work, algorithm is developed in Matlab software by assuming the LMS 6002D architecture. The idea is performed by sequential compensation of all the RF impairments. At first the QM and QDM errors are compensated and later PA nonlinearities are compensated. The QM and QDM errors are compensated in a sequential way. At first the QM errors are compensated and later QDM errors are compensated. The QM errors are corrected adaptively by using a block called as Quadrature modulator correction by assuming an ideal QDM. Later, the QDM errors are compensated by using Hilbert filter with the pass band interval of 0.2 to 0.5. Later, the PAs nonlinearities are compensated adaptively by using a digital predistorter block. For finding the coefficients of predistorter, normalized least mean square algorithm is used. Improvement in adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of 13dB is achieved and signal is converging after 15k samples.
EFL Classes Must Go Online! Teaching Activities and Challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

In view of the COVID-19 pandemic and government policy to carry out online learning, the present research is aimed at investigating how EFL teachers carry out online EFL learning and its challenges. 16 EFL teachers volunteered to participate in this research through invitation. The EFL teachers were requested to make written reflections regarding their practices in carrying out online EFL learning and the challenges they encounter. Five of them were involved in a follow-up interview individually. Semi-structured interview was administered. Data coding was done and appropriate extracts were informed in results section. To validate the data, data coding was done independently by both researchers, continued by several cycles of discussion. As results, the EFL teachers have carried out online learning through a series of activities ranging from checking the students’ attendance to giving score on the students’ works synchronously or asynchronously depending on each school policy. Various applications and platforms ranging from learning management system to additional resource are employed. However, many problems emerge from the students, the teachers, and the students’ parents along with the valid reasons. Therefore, the online learning does not run well since it lacks of preparation and planning. Implications for better online learning are discussed. Future prospective researches are directed and encouraged. Keywords: COVID-19, EFL teachers, online EFL learning, technology enhanced language learning, technology in language learning.
LaxPr4−xNi3O10−δ: Mixed A-Site Cation Higher-Order Ruddlesden-Popper Phase Materials as Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes

Systematic studies of the air electrode and full solid oxide fuel cell performance of La3PrNi3O9.76, and La2Pr2Ni3O9.65 n = 3 Ruddlesden–Popper phases are reported. These phases were found to adopt orthorhombic symmetry with a decrease in lattice parameters on increasing Pr content, consistent with the solid solution series end members. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements of symmetrical cells, the electrodes were found to possess area specific resistances of 0.07 Ω cm2 for the La2Pr2Ni3O9.65 cathode and 0.10 Ω cm2 for the La3PrNi3O9.76 cathode at 750 °C, representing a significant improvement on previously reported compositions. This significant improvement in performance is attributed to the optimisation of the electrode microstructure, introduction of an electrolyte interlayer and the resulting improved adhesion of the electrode layer. Following this development, the new electrode materials were tested for their single-cell performance, with the maximum power densities obtained for La2Pr2Ni3O9.65 and La3PrNi3O9.76 being 390 mW cm−2 and 400 mW cm−2 at 800 °C, respectively. As these single-cell measurements were based on thick electrolytes, there is considerable scope to enhance over cell performance in future developments.
Stellenwert der Nierenbiopsie bei Lupusnephritis

Zusammenfassung Bei systemischem Lupus erythematodes (SLE) findet sich häufig eine renale Mitbeteiligung, der verschiedene pathogenetische Mechanismen zugrunde liegen. Die Nierenbeteiligung hat einen negativen Einfluss auf die Prognose des SLE, insbesondere bei progredienter Niereninsuffizienz. Eine Nierenbiopsie ist aufgrund der Heterogenität der Nierenbeteiligung und der damit verbundenen therapeutischen Konsequenzen unabdingbar. Sie kann durch nicht-invasive Untersuchungen wie die Urindiagnostik oder Serologie nicht ersetzt werden, da das Ausmaß der Proteinurie oder der Mikrohämaturie keine sicheren Rückschlüsse auf den Schweregrad, die Pathogenese und die Prognose der Nierenbeteiligung erlauben. Die Nierenbiopsie gibt neben der korrekten Klassifikation der Lupusnephritis (LN) Informationen über die Mitbeteiligung des Niereninterstitium, der intrarenalen Gefäße und der Aktivität sowie Chronizität der Nephritis. Auch kann der Pathologe die Frage beantworten, inwieweit mit einer Besserung der Nierenfunktion unter Therapie gerechnet werden kann. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stellenwert der Nierenbiopsie bei SLE, der revidierten Klassifikation der LN von 2018 einschließlich Sonderformen der LN und über die Implikationen des Biopsie-Ergebnisses für die Therapie.
Numerical Investigation of Transonic Resonance with a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle

At pressure ratios lower than the design value, convergent ‐divergent nozzles often undergo a e ow resonance accompaniedbytheemissionofacoustictones.Thephenomenon,drivenbytheunsteadyshockwithinthedivergent section of the nozzle, has been studied experimentally previously. The space ‐time conservation element solution element method is employed to numerically investigate the phenomenon. The computations are performed for a given nozzle geometry forseveral different pressure ratios. Sustained limit-cycleoscillations are encountered in all cases. The oscillation frequencies and their variation with pressure ratio, including a stage jump, agree well with the experimental results. The unsteady e ow data cone rm that stage 1 of the resonance (fundamental) involves a one-quarter standing wave, whereas stage 2 (third harmonic ) involves a three-quarter standing wave within the divergent section of the nozzle. Details of the shock motion, the e ow, and the near acoustic e eld are documented for one case each of stages 1 and 2. I. Introduction T HIS paper is concerned with an aeroacoustic resonance often encountered with convergent‐ divergent nozzles when run near transonic conditions. The resonance is usually accompanied by the emission of intense acoustic tones. Whereas a casual observer may easily confuse it with the well-known screech tone, it has been shown to be different in character as well as origin. The frequency of the tone increases with increasing plenum pressure. The frequency variation may involve a staging behavior, that is, an abrupt jump in frequency. Whereas odd harmonic stages take place at lower pressures, the fundamental takes place over a wide rangeof higher pressures. Depending on nozzle geometry, the fundamental has been found to persist to pressure ratios as high as 5. The phenomenon has been identie ed and studied experimentally by Zaman etal. 1 For a discussion of background, technological relevance, and pertinent past work from the literature, see Ref. 1. A discussion of numerical works from the literature apparently capturing the same phenomenon, and the implication of those results, will be deferred to the discussion in Sec. V. During the course of the experimental study a numerical study was initiated to complement the investigation. The space‐ time conservation-element and solution-element (CE/SE) method, to be elaborated shortly, was employed because of its past success with e ows involving shocks and acoustic waves. 2 The calculations were e rst performed for a nozzle geometry and pressure ratio that corresponded to an experimental test condition. The result was encouraging in that the e ow not only exhibited a quasi periodicity, but the frequency was also in agreement with the experimental result. Subsequent calculations at two other pressures captured the right trend in the frequency variation as well as the stage jump. These promising results prompted a further study. Thiswas deemedwell-justie ed
Polymer thermoelectric modules screen-printed on paper

We report organic thermoelectric modules screen-printed on paper by using conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and silver paste. Our large-area devices provided sufficient power to illuminate light-emitting diodes. This is the first example of thermoelectric modules containing conducting polymers being used to power practical devices. The stability of this proof-of-concept module was tested at 100 °C for over 100 h without any encapsulation. We showed that the decrease in device performance was caused not by the deterioration of the materials but by degradation of the interface between the conducting polymers and silver paste. These results suggest that organic thermoelectric modules could be used to harvest heat energy at low temperature, although the stability of the interface must be improved.
A Proposed Framework for Employing Flipped Learning Strategy in Developing the Programming Skills of Students Computer Teachers

Modern educational trends emphasize the need to keep pace with the educational systems to the requirements and needs of the age, as well as the requirements of the future expected to occur, and the methods of modern education in order to prepare people to live in this world. Flipped Learning is a modern technology solution to address the weakness of traditional learning and to develop the level of students' thinking skills. Inverted learning is a teaching strategy that involves the use of technology to take advantage of learning in the learning process so that the teacher can spend more time interacting, Chapter instead of lecturing In this research researcher found a sample of 50 students study preparing of computer teacher field at the facility of specific education at Damietta University that found difficulties in learning programing, then she apply the flipped learning with them to improve their levels in programming skills, the consistent flipped learning model is proposed by incorporating the highlights of versatile and remote correspondence innovations into the flipped classroom model to give a manual for scientists and instructors to create powerful flipped learning exercises and plans for helping understudies learn flawlessly crosswise over settings.