Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the Spatial Distribution of Ultraviolet and Far-Infrared Fluxes from M101

The total ultraviolet (UV) flux (from 1412 to 2718 Å) of M101 is compared on a pixel-to-pixel basis with the total far-infrared (FIR) flux (from 60 to 170 μm) using the maps of the galaxy taken by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) in the near-UV and far-UV and by the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) at 60, 100, and 170 μm. The main result of this investigation is the discovery of a tight dependence of the FIR/UV ratio on radius, with values monotonically decreasing from ~4 in the nuclear region to nearly zero toward the edge of the optical disk. Although the tightness of this dependence is in part attributable to resolution effects, the result is consistent with the presence of a large-scale distribution of diffuse dust having a face-on optical depth that decreases with radius and that dominates over the more localized variations in opacity between the arm and interarm regions. We also find a trend for the FIR/UV ratio of taking on higher values in the regions of diffuse interarm emission than in the spiral-arm regions, at a given radius. This is interpreted quantitatively in terms of the escape probability of UV photons from spiral arms and their subsequent scattering in the interarm regions, and in terms of the larger relative contribution of optical photons to the heating of the dust in the interarm regions.
NON-SUGAR CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF NECTAR

This brief review describes and discusses some chemical substances that have been found in a synoptic survey of flowering plant nectars. The ever-present sugars are not considered. Amino acids are universally present, in amounts up to about 4 mg /ml 1. Nectars are richer in amino acids if the flowers that produce them are pollinated by settling moths, butterflies and many wasps which, as adults, do not have alternative sources of protein-building materials. They are weaker in the cases of flowers pollinated by bees and bats (which utilize pollen as a nitrogen source) and birds that catch insects. In addition to potentiality for increasing life span and reproductive output of pollinating insects, amino acids in nectars of all kinds may help to privide a distinctive « taste » to the nectar of each species. Nectar amino acid complements appear to be strictly controlled genetically; these complements have a use in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of congeneric species. Extra-floral nectar produced on the
Otoacoustic emissions as an indicator of hearing loss

Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) are generated as a by-product of the nonlinear cochlear ampli cation process involving the electro-motile properties of the outer hair cells. Most sensorineural hearing losses arise predominantly from reduced cochlear amplification and hence are associated with reduced or absent OAEs. This means that OAE amplitude is a potential indicator of sensorineural hearing loss. However, there is substantial variation in OAE characteristics between individuals with similar hearing threshold, which limits their ability to predict hearing threshold levels (HTL) absolutely. Nonetheless, OAEs are stable within individuals and offer the possibility to predict changes in HTL from changes in OAE amplitude. Prediction of changes in HTL requires knowledge of the relationship between OAE amplitude and HTL as well as the test-retest reliability of OAEs. These parameters were established for a range of transiently evoked and distortion product OAE measures (TEOAE and DPOAE) by testing 43 subjects with HTL across a range from normal hearing to mild hearing loss. Results suggested that TEOAE elicited by a maximum length sequence approach would be most sen- sitive to changes in HTL, having the largest change in amplitude relative to the test-retest reliability. These ideas were further explored by monitoring auditory function in 17 normal hearing subjects over 7 days in whom a reversible hear- ing loss was induced by administering aspirin at maximum therapeutic dose. Further ongoing research is evaluating the potential of TEOAEs for monitor- ing auditory function in people exposed to noise at work. More than 200 new recruits to noisy industry and non-exposed controls have had TEOAEs measured over a 3-year interval to examine whether OAEs are a more sensitive indicator of noise-induced hearing disorder than conventional pure tone audiometry. Preliminary conclusions suggest that OAEs provide a useful physiological correlate of hearing impairment when used in the context of longitudinal monitoring.
Characterization of sweet potato accessions in Malawi using morphological markers and farmers indigenous knowledge system (IKS)

Characterization of landraces is central to any conservation measures devised for sweet potato in Malawi. Studies were therefore conducted using seven morphological descriptors and farmers’ indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) to investigate the phenotypical diversity of 286 landraces and 35 introductions of sweet potato from the north, south east and lower Shire. The accessions were planted in a check plot design at Bvumbwe Agricultural Research Station. The results showed that farmers’ knowledge (IKS) is a means for preliminary characterization of accessions as evidenced by elimination of 75 duplicate accessions by 12 farmers. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that all accessions and populations were phenotypically variable (p≤0.01) and Chi-square test of the morphological descriptors used in the study varied significantly among the three eco-geographical areas and among the landraces and introductions (p≤0.05 and p≤0.01), implying high variability of the accessions. However, the accessions clustered at 50% dissimilarity and generally irrespective of eco-geographical origin, signifying some similarity probably due to gene flow. Shannon Weaver Diversity Index (H’) indicated that different traits had different source areas of highest diversity which were significantly different (p≤0.05); nonetheless Shire Valley had the highest mean diversity for all traits (H’=0.67) which was significantly different from the other two populations (p≤0.05) inferring that the lower shire would be ideal for in situ conservation of sweet potato diversity. Key words: Field evaluation, germplasm, phenotype, population, root crop, variability.
Insurance Under Moral Hazard and Adverse Selection: The Case of Pure Competition

We consider a model of pure competition between insurers a la RothschildStiglitz, where two types of agents privately choose an eort level, and where the eort costs and the resulting accident probabilities dier across agents. We characterize the set of possible separating equilibria, with a special emphasis on the case where the Spence-Mirrlees condition is not satisfied. We show, in particular, that several equilibria a la Rothschild-Stiglitz may coexist; that they are Pareto-ranked, only the best of them being an equilibrium in the sense of Hahn (1978); and that equilibria may take original forms (for instance, both revelation constraints may then be binding). Finally, we discuss the existence of an equilibrium in this context, and show that, though equilibria may fail to exist, conditions for existence may dier from those in the initial Rothschild-Stiglitz setting.
Man-in-the-middle Attacks Detection Scheme on Smartphone using 3G network

In this paper, we propose a scheme to detect the man-in-the-middle attacks occurring when user accesses to the Web server with SSL using smart-phones. Normally, server verification process under smart-phone environment does not properly work in computer environment. Because Mobile Web Server usually uses server-side certificate, and smart-phone cannot correctly validate server certificate, this could cause the risk of man-in-the-middle attack. This vulnerability allows a rouge AP to carry out a man-in-the-middle attack easily every time user connect to the secure website using his smart-phone via WLAN. To solve the problem in an effective way, we first make use of the dual interfaces network (3G and WiFi) in smart-phone to communicate with server in order to get certificates from both interfaces. The certificates are then compared to determine whether there is a man-in-the-middle attack or not. Our scheme not only offers a realistic countermeasure to prevent man-in-the-middle attack but also does not require a complex procedure or changes in HTTPs protocol.
TE MODE PROPAGATION THROUGH TAPERED CORE LIQUID CRYSTAL OPTICAL FIBERS

An analysis is presented of a three-layer tapered core liquid crystal optical flber (TLCF) having the outermost clad section made of radially anisotropic liquid crystal. TE mode propagation through TLCF is demonstrated with maximum distribution of power in the liquid crystal section under the situation that the TLCF core and the inner clad regions are constructed of homogeneous and isotropic dielectric materials. Such a propagation feature is attributed to the radial anisotropy of the liquid crystal outer region, and attracts useful applications of TLCFs in evanescent fleld optical sensing and other coupling devices primarily used in integrated optics.
X{ray afterglow of gamma{ray bursts with BeppoSAX

BeppoSAX has detected so-far 14 GRB in the field of view of Wide Field Cameras following gamma–ray triggers. We pointed the direction of 12 of them with Narrow Field Instruments. In almost all cases we detected X–ray sources that, in the large majority we associate with the GRB, due to their temporal behaviour. For a large fraction of these GRBs, transient sources in other wavelengths and host galaxies have been detected. The main spectral and temporal features of these afterglow sources, their energetics and the association with other features are reviewed.
Adhd-like symptoms in children affected by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A case-control study

FRANCESCO PRECENZANO*, MARIA RUBERTO**, LUCIA PARISI***, MARGHERITA SALERNO****, AGATA MALTESE***, ILARIA D’ALESSANDRO*, IMMACOLATA DELLA VALLE*, GENNARO VISCO*, ROSARIA MARTINA MAGLIULO*, GIOVANNI MESSINA*****, MICHELE ROCCELLA*** *Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry; Headache Center for children and adolescents; Department of Mental Health and Physical and Preventive Medicine; Second University of Naples **Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties; Second University of Naples ***Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy ****Sciences for Mother and Child Health Promotion, University of Palermo, Italy *****Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy #Francesco Precenzano and Maria Ruberto equally contributed to the manuscript
Carbon Emissions and Mortality Rates: A Causal Analysis for India (1971-2010)

For any developing nation, industrialization and CO2 emission goes hand-in-hand. Industrialization affects the CO2 emission level and consequently the pregnancy outcomes and hygienic states of children. Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis ensures the interaction between income level and environmental degradation. Based on this foundation, causal relationships between industrialization, CO2 emission and mortality rates for India has been obtained in this paper. For empirical analysis, data for the parameters under consideration over the period 1971-2010 has been considered. Vector Error Correction model using lag-augmented VAR model has been employed for the analysis. Bidirectional causal associations have been found between changes in infant mortality rate and growth in CO2 emission, and between growth in gross capital formation and changes in child mortality rate, respectively. In both the cases, it has been found that growth in industrialization is causing rise in CO2 emission. The result obtained is new in the considering the existing body of literature.
Drivers of University–Industry Links: The Case of Knowledge-Intensive Business Service Firms in Rural Locations

Johnston A. and Huggins R. Drivers of university–industry links: the case of knowledge-intensive business service firms in rural locations, Regional Studies. Establishing collaborative links with universities is a difficult task with an uncertain outcome and influenced by many factors including location, geographic distance, compatibility of interests, shared understanding and prior experience of collaboration. Drawing on an analysis of knowledge-intensive business service firms (KIBS) located in predominantly rural districts of the UK, this paper examines the influences on partner selection when developing formal university linkage through knowledge transfer partnerships. The findings indicate that both geographic and organizational proximity are significantly associated with partner choice, indicating that the formation of university–industry links is the result not only of spatial factors but also of prior experience of collaboration.
Isolation and characterization of a metronidazole-resistant (Mtn-R) mutant strain of Nostoc muscorum affected in ammonium regulation of heterocyst formation and uptake hydrogenase activity

The metronidazole-resistant (Mtn-R) mutant strain of N. muscorum produced drug-resistant NADPH: ferredoxin (Fd) oxidoreductase and showed derepression of heterocyst formation and uptake hydrogenase activity in NH4+-medium. The observation of NH4+-repression in regulation of nitrogenase activity alone in the mutant strain suggests, that heterocyst formation and nitrogenase activity are regulated by two separate NH4+-repression control systems, one specific for heterocyst and uptake hydrogenase and the other for nitrogenase. The partial drug-resistant NADPH: Fd oxidoreductase enzymatic activity seems to be the reason for drug-resistant growth of the cyanobacterium in N2-medium and NH4+-medium.
State Space Model Generation for Stability Analysis of Power Systems

Abstract – This study develops a program to generate linearized state space representation of the power systems. The two-axis model of synchronous generator and the IEEE type I model of exciter are used to represent dynamic behaviors of the generating units. The developed program can accommodate an actual structure of the power systems with some numbers of generating units and the AC buses. The popular Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) 3-machine, 9-bus is used for validation of the obtained eigenvalues of the linearized system. It is found that the program can function well. The results can then be used for analyzing small signal stability of the system, and for control design, thereafter.
Selection and evaluation of emmer, eincorn and spelta germplasm in Greece for organic farming adaptability and bakery-nutritional quality

In recent years, greek consumers expressed interest for wheat, quality bakery products, organically produced from traditional varieties and also from "ancient" or "hulled" wheat, particularly einkorn, emmer, or spelta. To meet the growing demand of farmers for seed due to the attractiveness of this new market, it was nesessary, using European and Balkan traditional germplasm, to select appropriate hulled wheat varieties with adaptation to organic farming and low-input agriculture. Already selected lines from 2012 and 2013 and some new untested genotypes were sown in 2014 in two locations, under low input and organic conditions for evaluation and organic breeding puproses. Furthermore, it was used a breeding scheme for selection and evaluation of their yield potential and technological seed traits under organic and low input growing conditions.Preliminary results have shown significant differences among genotypes in agronomical performance and also specific traits important for organic breeding and related to grain quality Keywords: hulled wheat, organic farming, baking quality, low input, Triticum spp.
Putting an End to Lonely Street.

of placing graduating students in English class at the high school. Preparation of an exit portfolio goes a long way to ease the difficulty of this process. In this article Elvis Presley prepares his exit portfolio. ■■Hi had a dream that Elvis reappeared in my eighth-grade class at Highland Junior High School. Not much of a student, but very charismatic with the eighth-grade girls (Schipper, 1990), young Elvis goofed off during the California Test of Basic Skills, and his scores were just a bit above average. Although charming in class, Elvis did not apply himself, and the quality of his work was average as well. Because I knew he was Elvis, I knew he had great potential. With enough encouragement and motivation he might write the lyrics for "Heartbreak Hotel. " I encouraged him. "Come on, Elvis," I would cajole. "Work a little harder. Rewrite this piece on drug abuse. I know you can do a better job on it. " "You are a hard headed woman, Ma'am. Don't be cruel," Elvis said. Elvis was always "unfailingly gracious" to older women (Bonventre, 1993). "My heart is true, but I'm just not that interested in working harder. " He strummed his guitar, smiled his rectangular smile, and tossed his head in just the right way so a lock of hair fell sweetly on his forehead (McGee, 1990). He never practiced his signature wiggle in class (Ressner, 1990); it just came naturally to him when he was on stage (McGee, 1990). At Christmas Elvis gave me a robin's egg blue Cadillac Seville convertible, the car of my dreams. How did Elvis know? That year the school play was Bye-Bye, Birdie. There was never a more authentic production than the one in my dream where Elvis took the Conrad Birdie part. He provided his own gold suit and donated it to the school for future productions when the run of the play was over. In February, Bill Weber, the Libertyville High School English Department Chairman, came for my freshman placement recommendations. Considering his average test scores and his average effort, I placed Elvis in college prep, the aver-
A typological overview of Mwotlap, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu

Abstract The typologist reader is presented here with an overview of the most interesting characteristics of Mwotlap, an Oceanic language of Vanuatu. After a short presentation of its phonology, its main morphosyntactic categories are described and explored from a functional angle. The construal of noun phrases reveals a cognitive asymmetry between human individuals and other referents. Nouns, just like verbs or adjectives, are predicative, and are even sensitive to tense-aspect-mood markers and actionality properties. The argument structure of a verb can regularly be affected by its modifiers. Finally, deictics can be shown to play a major role in the structuring of discourse and complex sentences. Whenever relevant, the grammar of Mwotlap is briefly compared to other languages, and assessed in the light of existing typological generalisations.
The Resource Curse Revisited and Revised: A Tale of Paradoxes and Red Herrings

We critically evaluate the empirical basis for the so-called resource curse and find that, despite the topic's popularity in economics and political science research, this apparent paradox may be a red herring. The most commonly used measure of “resource abundance” can be more usefully interpreted as a proxy for “resource dependence”—endogenous to underlying structural factors. In multiple estimations that combine resource abundance and dependence, institutional, and constitutional variables, we find that (i) resource abundance, constitutions, and institutions determine resource dependence, (ii) resource dependence does not affect growth, and (iii) resource abundance positively affects growth and institutional quality.
Minor ions in the solar wind

Ions heavier than 4He are treated as “minors” in the solar wind. This is justified for many applications since minor ions have no significant influence on the dynamics of the interplanetary plasma. However, minor ions carry information on many aspects of the formation, on the acceleration and on the transfer of solar plasma from the corona into the interplanetary space. This review concentrates on various aspects of minor ions as diagnostic tracers. The elemental abundance patterns of the solar wind are shaped in the chromosphere and in the lower transition region by processes, which are not fully understood at this moment. Despite this lack of detailed understanding, observed abundance patterns have been classified and are now commonly used to characterize the sources, and to trace back solar-wind flows to their origins in the solar atmosphere. Furthermore, the solar wind is the most important source of information for solar isotopic abundances and for solar abundances of volatile elements. In order to fully exploit this information, a comprehensive understanding of elemental and isotopic fractionation processes is required. We provide observational clues to distinguish different processes at work.
Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity Sector Using Smart Electric Grid Applications

Approximately 40% of global CO2 emissions are emitted from electricity generation through the combustion of fossil fuels to generate heat needed to power steam turbines. Burning these fuels results in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2)—the primary heat-trapping, “greenhouse gas” responsible for global warming. Applying smart electric grid technologies can potentially reduce CO2 emissions. Electric grid comprises three major sectors: generation, transmission and distribution grid, and consumption. Smart generation includes the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, or hydropower). Smart transmission and distribution relies on optimizing the existing assets of overhead transmission lines, underground cables, transformers, and substations such that minimum generating capacities are required in the future. Smart consumption will depend on the use of more efficient equipment like energy-saving lighting lamps, enabling smart homes and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles technologies. A special interest is given to the Egyptian case study. Main opportunities for Egypt include generating electricity from wind and solar energy sources and its geographical location that makes it a perfect center for interconnecting electrical systems from the Nile basin, North Africa, Gulf, and Europe. Challenges include shortage of investments, absence of political will, aging of transmission and distribution infrastructure, and lack of consumer awareness for power utilization.