Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population , Institutions , and Human Well-Being

Contemporary research stresses the importance of economic institutions in enhancing economic growth and human well-being. The present paper builds on that research by integrating the economics of institutions with the economics of population. Empirical analysis in this paper shows that strong property rights in a country reduce fertility rates even after accounting for other factors. Empirical analysis also shows that population growth has only modest adverse effects on cross-national poverty measures while stronger property rights have powerful positive effects in reducing poverty. The data also show that while population growth does have some adverse effects on the environment, stronger property rights can ameliorate those adverse effects. Few domains of intellectual inquiry are as demanding as the systematic study of population. The subject is extraordinarily complex. The complexity stems, inter alia, from the interaction of the physical and biological sciences on one hand and behavioral approaches on the other. The former document the forces underlying resource scarcity while the later document mechanisms and strategies of dealing with resource scarcity. The details related to the economics of population are correspondingly complex. Economic analysis rests on both theory and empirical evidence. The intractable complexity of the economic theory of population is evident by examining just one feature of the economics of population—fertility. An established procedure in developing any theory involving maximization and derivation of equilibrium conditions is for theorists to employ “simplifying assumptions. ” Consider, then, the simplifying assumptions regarding human motives for having children. One tradition, evident in Malthus, views children as a factor of production and stresses the material benefits of procreation. Another view, evident in Becker (1960), views children as a consumption good generating satisfaction apart from purely material benefits. Similarly, other scholars stress the old age security motive for having children. A third view evident in Becker, Murphy and Tamura (1990) ascribes an “altruistic” motive to having children. The upshot of alternative views of the motive for having children is that our ability to simplify is impaired and thus our ability to understand conflicting patterns and predictions regarding fertility is limited. Moreover, the complexity extends well beyond fertility to include population density, disease and disaster, migration and war. Interestingly, the population questions are also confounded by questions of levels versus changes in population. The complexity also extends beyond economic theory; it also entails examination of evidence regarding populations and changes in them. Despite the powerful biological side of
Making nonlinear state estimation techniques ready for use in industrial wind turbine control systems

Nonlinear filter algorithms play an increasing role in advanced multivariable controllers for wind turbine control systems. They are employed to estimate hidden variables and uncertain parameters based on available observations and input signals. The body of research provides a broad range of algorithms which are more or less appropriate for wind turbine application. A practical challenge is the efficient implementation and the testing on industrial target hardware. Another issue is the investigation of observability and identifiability for a given design model to identify potential gains from using nonstandard measurement instrumentation. Finally, the illustrative estimation results for the 5-MW reference turbine prove the accuracy and performance of the employed nonlinear filters.
Asteroseismic measurement of slow, nearly uniform surface-to-core rotation in the main-sequence F star KIC 9244992

We have found a rotationally split series of core g-mode triplets and surface p-mode multiplets in a main sequence F star, KIC 9244992. Comparison with models shows that the star has a mass of about 1.45 M⊙, and is at an advanced stage of main sequence evolution in which the central hydrogen abundance mass fraction is reduced to about 0.1. This is the second case, following KIC 11145123, of an asteroseismic determination of the rotation of the deep core and surface of an A-F main-sequence star. We have found, essentially model-independently, that the rotation near the surface, obtained from p-mode splittings, is 66 d, slightly slower than the rotation of 64 d in the core, measured by g-mode splittings. KIC 9244992 is similar to KIC 11145123 in that both are near the end of main-sequence stage with very slow and nearly uniform rotation. This indicates the angular momentum transport in the interior of an A-F star during the main sequence stage is much stronger than that expected from standard theoretical formulations.
Integrating molecular identification of pelagic eggs with geostatistical mapping to improve the delineation of North Sea fish spawning grounds

Maps of the spawning grounds of commercially important fishes are necessary when assessing the level of connectivity between life stages of fishes and for identifying ecologically valuable marine areas. A first step toward mapping the spawning grounds is a reliable and rapid species identification of pelagic fish eggs to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of spawning aggregations. As many species have similar egg sizes and morphology, the molecular validation of visually identified eggs is often essential for the use of such data in fisheries management. In the present study, we developed a rapid 16S rRNA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay to distinguish between formalin-fixed fish eggs of dab Limanda limanda, flounder Platichthys flesus and pout Trisopterus spp. , which were collected during the 2008 International Bottom Trawl Survey in the Eastern English Channel and southern North Sea. A comparison of the rapid 16S rRNA PCR-RFLP method with initial visual identification revealed 93% of correct identifications for dab, 90% for pout, but only 64% for flounder, representing an overall error rate of 17%. Visual misidentification occurred mainly between dab and flounder and between flounder and pout. Egg abundance and the relative proportions of each species were subsequently analysed geostatistically. Molecular identifications were incorporated to obtain corrected interpolated distribution maps, taking into account the results from molecular identifications as a correction factor. This highlighted the distinct spawning grounds for the 3 studied taxa and facilitated the identification of regions of high conservation value for these species.
Assédio Moral Envolvendo os Trabalhadores da Enfermagem: uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura

Vanicélia Silva Brito (Graduanda em Enfermagem/10o período/UNIT), e-mail: vaniceliabrito@hotmail.com; Keyciane Bispo de Santa Rita (Graduanda em Enfermagem/10o período/UNIT), e-mail: keyciane.bispo@hotmail.com; Larissa Santana Andrade (Graduanda em Enfermagem/10o período/UNIT), e-mail: andrade_larissasantana@hotmail.com Thatyanny Ramony Andrade Santos (Graduanda em Enfermagem/10operíodo/UNIT), e-mail: thatyanny.ramony@hotmail.com Ilva Santana Santos Fontes (Docente de Enfermagem/Mestre em Saúde Coletiva/Universidade Tiradentes), e-mail: ilva_ss@hotmail.com
The Predictability of APO B, APO A, APO B/APO AI as Better Markers for CAD in South Indian Population

Aim: To evaluate the association of non conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis ApoB, ApoAI and ApoAI/ApoB ratio in patients with and without CAD in comparison to conventional lipid parameters, hsCRP levels and Insulin resistance. Methods: A casecontrol study on 125 subjects each of 35-65 years of age, with and without CAD, confirmed by coronary angiogram was conducted and the levels of serum hsCRP, ApoB and ApoAI were estimated. Pearson’s correlation was done to find the association of ApoB, ApoAI, and their ratio with other cardiovascular risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of ApoB, ApoAI on CAD, controlling the other confounders. ROC analysis was done to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of ApoB, ApoAI and ApoAI/ApoB ratio for CAD. A value of P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Apo A1 was significantly lower and the serum ApoB level was significantly higher in subjects with CAD, with and without DM than the control. The levels of conventional markers of CAD, like troponin t, CPK-MB and LDH were very highly significant with ApoB, ApoAI and ApoB/ApoAI ratio. Conclusion: Declined levels of ApoAI and elevated levels of ApoB among CAD subjects proved them to be efficient biomarkers for CAD.
Rate-Adaptive Information Transmission over MIMO Channels

In the context of wireless communication, a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system is a system that employs multiple antennas both at the transmitter and receiver. The first theoretical analysis of MIMO systems were developed by Winters (1987), Foschini (1996) and Telatar (1999), and since then there have been many research efforts on this subject. What mainly makes MIMO systems interesting is their potential ability to achieve an increase in system capacity or in link reliability without requiring additional transmission power or bandwidth (Goldsmith, 2005). In this work, we focus on the utilization of MIMO systems for the lossy transmission of source information. In particular, we want to compare several different strategies for the transmission of a zeromean Gaussian source over Rayleigh-fadingMIMO channels, assuming rate-adaptive source encoding. The MIMO transmission strategies are based on techniques such as Repetition coding (REP), Time Sharing (TS), the Alamouti scheme (ALM) and Spatial Multiplexing (SM) (Alamouti, 1998; Tse & Viswanath, 2006). Depending on its characteristics, each strategy will be used either for the transmission of a Single Description (SD) or the transmission of a Multiple Description (MD) representation of this source. In SD coding, a single stream of information describing the source is transmitted over a single channel. In MD coding (Gamal & Cover, 1982), the source is represented using two different descriptions that are transmitted over two independent channels. If both descriptions are correctly received, they can be combined together at the receiver to obtain a reconstruction of the source at a certain quality. If only one of the two descriptions is correctly received, a reconstruction of the source is still possible but at a lower quality. We consider adaptive source encoding, where the rate is adapted to follow the slow variations of the channel (due e.g. to shadowing and path loss) or the fast variations of the channel (due to fading), leading to two scenarios that we call fixed-outage and zero-outage, respectively. In the first case, we consider Gaussian source transmission over MIMO systems when CSI is not available at the transmitter. In this scenario, since the transmitter does not have knowledge of channel state information (CSI), it does not know the instantaneous rate supported by the channel, i.e. its capacity, and hence it is not able to adapt the source coding rate to the channel conditions to ensure the decoding of the information at the receiver with an arbitrarily small probability of error. Instead, it encodes and transmits the source information using a rate chosen to achieve a selected outage probability. When the channel does not support the 6
Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis of Femur with Interlocking Intramedullary Nail in a Young Man: A Case Report

Chronic osteomyelitis is relatively unusual complication of intramedullary nail fixation of long bone fractures. Depending on the extent of infection, timing of diagnosis and progress of fracture healing, different treatment options have been developed. There is no hard and fast rule for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis related to implant. Still now it is a big challenge for orthopaedic surgeons to handle such cases. Some options are very costly and time consuming. We are reporting here such a case of chronic osteomyelitis of femur fracture fixed with interlocking nail in a 23 year young man. His fracture was a closed one. Appropriate therapy for chronic osteomyelitis complicating a fracture is based on a multimodality approach even if there is no set algorithm to take in charge the two central problems related to it namely eradication of infection and fracture union. The surgical techniques and choice of fracture fixation determined according to age, weight, profession, intellectual status of patient and the expertise available. Clinical signs and investigation should alert the surgeon to the possibility of an underlying infection and appropriate measures should take quickly. It is important not to underestimate local skin irritation or signs of inflammation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jsf.v11i1. 19397
Multiscale thermomechanical contact: Computational homogenization with isogeometric analysis

A computational homogenization framework is developed in the context of the thermomechanical contact of two boundary layers with microscopically rough surfaces. The major goal is to accurately capture the temperature jump across the macroscopic interface in the finite deformation regime with finite deviations from the equilibrium temperature. Motivated by the limit of scale separation, a two‐phase thermomechanically decoupled methodology is introduced, wherein a purely mechanical contact problem is followed by a purely thermal one. In order to correctly take into account finite size effects that are inherent to the problem, this algorithmically consistent two‐phase framework is cast within a self‐consistent iterative scheme that acts as a first‐order corrector. For a comparison with alternative coupled homogenization frameworks as well as for numerical validation, a mortar‐based thermomechanical contact algorithm is introduced. This algorithm is uniformly applicable to all orders of isogeometric discretizations through non‐uniform rational B‐spline basis functions. Overall, the two‐phase approach combined with the mortar contact algorithm delivers a computational framework of optimal efficiency that can accurately represent the geometry of smooth surface textures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant activity and functional properties of fractionated cobia skin gelatin hydrolysate at different molecular weight.

This study investigated the antioxidant activity and functional properties of fractionated cobia skin gelatin hydrolysate (CSGH) at different molecular weights (10, 5 and 3 kDa). Antioxidant activities studied included reducing power, ferrous ion chelation, DPPH (1, 1diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, and superoxide anion scavenging. Functional properties studied included emulsifying and foaming properties as well as fat and water binding capacity. Results showed significant differences (p <0.05) between the chelating activity of ferrous and superoxide anions for 5 kDa and other fractions, while the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was presented by the 3 kDa fraction. The 10 kDa fraction had the highest fat binding capacity (28 ± 2%) while functional properties were not affected by lower molecular weight. Lower outcomes obtained for functional properties from smaller molecular weights may have been due to enzymatic hydrolysis and the fractionation process to which the hydrolysate was subjected. Hence, varied CSGH molecular weights appeared to benefit different functions.
Direct multiscale coupling of a transport code to gyrokinetic turbulence codes

Direct coupling between a transport solver and local, nonlinear gyrokinetic calculations using the multiscale gyrokinetic code TRINITY [M. Barnes, “TRINITY: A unified treatment of turbulence, transport, and heating in magnetized plasmas,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Maryland, 2008 (eprint arXiv:0901.2868)] is described. The coupling of the microscopic and macroscopic physics is done within the framework of multiscale gyrokinetic theory, of which we present the assumptions and key results. An assumption of scale separation in space and time allows for the simulation of turbulence in small regions of the space-time grid, which are embedded in a coarse grid on which the transport equations are implicitly evolved. This leads to a reduction in computational expense of several orders of magnitude, making first-principles simulations of the full fusion device volume over the confinement time feasible on current computing resources. Numerical results from TRINITY simulations are presented and compared with experi.
Orthopaedic Patients Who Require Intensive Care Admission

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causes, numbers, demographics and outcomes of all trauma and elective patients admitted under orthopaedic care but needed intensive care input during their inpatient stay. A retrospective case note study looking at all trauma patients admitted between January 2009 and August 2010 from a University Teaching Hospital that needed ITU admission during their inpatient stay. ITU records were cross matched with an orthopaedic trauma database to create a list of patients. 43 trauma patients were admitted to ITU from orthopaedic care during this 19 month period. These patients were then split into three categories 1) Trauma patients (one fracture) 2) Poly trauma patients (<2 fractures) 3) Transfers (Inter-hospital transfers). Within the “trauma” patients’ category, 25% of patients were admitted due to post-operative complications following hip hemi-arthroplasties, 17% due to wound debridement and soft tissue infection and 14% attributed to post-oprative complications following IMHS fixation. 30% of patients needed ITU input due to sepsis, 19% due to acute renal failure and 17% to respiratory failure.11 patients were categorised as “poly-trauma” patients. 55% of patients sustained a RTA whilst the rest were split between “fall from height” and “crush” injuries. 34% of these patients needed ventillatory support and inotropes. The mortality rate was highest and the length of stay in ITU was longer in the “trauma” cohort, 21% and 4 days respectively.Largest proportion of ITU admissions were due to post operative complications following hip surgery especially hemi-arthroplasties. However, a surprising group that emerged was the number of patients admitted to ITU who had metal work and soft tissue infections. This has highlighted the need for pre-operative optimisation and post-operative vigilance in patients with orthopaedic infections and hip fractures.
A drop-on band-pass filter for millimeter-wave multichip modules on LTCC

Low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) is increasingly used to realize multichip modules (MCMs), even in the millimeter (mm)-wave frequency range. Fabrication tolerances of standard LTCC structures, however, still are limiting the performance of band-pass filters integrated directly on the LTCC substrate. This contribution therefore describes the design and the performance of a separate filter chip based on alumina which simply is placed on top and glued to the LTCC substrate using nonconductive epoxy. A special electromagnetic field coupling is used to provide both the interconnect of signal lines and filter ground. The design includes special measures to reduce the tolerance requirement for filter placement and glue thickness.
On the Interplay between Model-Driven Engineering , Domain-Specific Languages , and Petri Nets

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) [2] is a paradigm to tame the complexity of modern systems, automate engineering tasks, and support inter-human communication. Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) [4] are an important ingredient for MDE as they allow domain experts (who may not necessarily be software experts) to express their concerns with more familiar concepts than with traditional general purpose languages. However, DSLs typically have a smaller user base which increases the relative development and maintenance cost, not only for the languages themselves, but also for their accompanying tools [7]. Now the question arises how to reduce this overhead. Can well-studied general purpose languages such as Petri Nets help in this setting? In my talk, I will demonstrate that Petri Nets can play a very central role in this setting, especially when it comes to the semantics of DSLs [3]. In the last decade, several metamodeling frameworks emerged, e.g., see AToMPM, GEMOC Studio, GME, MetaEdit+ to name just a few examples, which allow not only the definition of the syntax of modeling languages and the generation of supporting tools such as model editors and validators, but also semantic concerns may be specified and automatically turned into tool support such as execution engines [5], debuggers [1], and verification engines [8]. However, having a unified methodology to develop DSLs systematically to benefit from rich out-of-the-box tool support is still an open research challenge where Petri Nets may form an important cornerstone. Furthermore, I will present some lessons learned from past projects and outline new application areas for DSLs combined with Petri Nets in the realm of Industry 4.0. In particular, I will report on our experiences of realizing model transformation engines based on Coloured Petri Nets [10] and their utilization for specifying the semantics of declarative model transformation languages [9]. Finally, recent advances are outlined how the prescriptive models of MDE are combined with the descriptive models of process mining to allow for continuously improved software sys-
Effect of Haemoglobin Genotype Variants on Pre , Post Anti-Malaria Drug Treatment in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infected and Non-Infected Individuals on Blood Cell Line Parameters in Ido-Ekiti

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of haemoglobin genotype variants on pre, post anti-malaria drug treatment in plasmodium falciparum malaria infected and non-infected individuals on blood cell line parameters. The study was conducted at Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Malaria infected adult individuals; presented with signs and symptoms of malaria infection was used for the study. Two hundred and two (202) blood samples were collected twice from each of malaria infected individuals; grouped as pre-treatment and post anti-malaria drug treatment. One hundred and two (102) blood samples from apparently healthy individuals were collected as control. Thick blood film was made and stained with Giemsa’s staining technique for malaria parasite detection and malaria parasite count, the procedure was described by Monica Cheesbrough, blood cell line parameters were analysed using haematology analyser. Haemoglobin genotype variants were determined using cellulose acetate electrophoresis at alkaline pH between 8.4-8.6 as described by Dacie and Lewis. Data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 16. The result of this present study showed that, the mean±SD of malaria parasite count, total white blood cell count, relative and absolute neutrophil count, absolute lymphocyte, absolute monocyte count, of Hb AA were significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to HbAS and HbAC in pre treatment and post anti-malaria drug treatment. The study showed that, HbAS and HbAC has genetic resistance against malaria infection compared to HbAA, abnormal haemoglobin may not allow for optimal development of Plasmodium in deep organs where oxygen pressure is reduced.