Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analytical model of latitudinal gradients of species richness with an empirical test for marsupials and bats in the New World

Although latitudinal gradients in species richness are well-documented for a plethora of taxa in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments, little consensus exists concerning the predominant biological factor that is responsible for the pattern. We produced an analytical null model to assess the degree to which gradients in species richness could be a consequence of the random determination of the limits of species ranges. The model predicts a parabolic increase in species richness toward the middle of a latitudinal domain in the absence of underlying environmental gradients. Our stochastic model accounted for a significant portion of variation in marsupial and bat species richness for each of three different latitudinal domains in the New World: continental limits, the latitudinal extent of each higher taxon, and the smallest latitudinal extent which comprises 95% of the species in the higher taxon. A unique prediction of the stochastic model, which distinguishes it from all other hypotheses, is that parabolic latitudinal gradients in richness should exist for species wholly contained within random latitudinal subsets. Observed gradients for New World marsupials and bats document that this is true. Regardless of taxon or domain, differences between observed and expected species richness (residuals) were not related appreciably to latitudinal band area (r2 i 0.15). The ubiquity and similarity of latitudinal gradients in species richness for different taxa could be a consequence of pervasive stochastic mechanisms rather than a product of a dominant underlying environmental gradient to which all species respond. Application of our null model to other gradients (e.g., depth, productivity, disturbance) may provide insight into mechanisms affecting patterns of species richness in other ecological or biogeographic settings.
Sulfidising roast treatment for the removal of chrome spinels from murray basin ilmenite concentrates

The Murray Basin region of southeastern Australia represents the remains of a shallow inland sea and contains heavy mineral sand placer deposits typically comprising the primary economic minerals ilmenite (FeTiO3), altered ilmenite, rutile (TiO2), and zircon (ZrSiO4). Rutile and zircon are easily separable from the bulk heavy mineral concentrate and are currently extracted from deposits. The ilmenite component remains largely unexploited due to its wide spectrum of chemical alteration (making a clean separation difficult) and the presence of impurity mineral grains; mainly, chrome spinel (general formula AB2O4; A 2+ = divalent cation e.g. Fe, Mg, Mn; B 3+ = trivalent cation e.g. Cr, Al, Fe 3+ ). The presence of even a minor amount of chromia (Cr2O3 <0.05%) in the ilmenite product downgrades its market value. While magnetic separation is usually an effective method to achieve a clean separation between ilmenite and chrome spinel, this procedure is not effective for the Murray Basin material as there is a considerable overlap in the magnetic susceptibility properties of both mineral phases [1]. Pownceby et al. [2] recently suggested a potential method for separating chrome spinels from ilmenite which involved changing the physical properties of the individual chrome spinel grains through a sulphidising roast treatment. The aim of the current work is to analyse the sulfidation treatment of chrome spinel as a new route for chrome spinel removal from the Murray Basin ilmenite concentrates. This study comprises two phases of investigation: (1) a systematic thermodynamic assessment of equilibrium reactions in the FeCr-Ti-O-S system to evaluate the effect of composition, temperature, and partial pressures of sulfur and oxygen, and, (2) selected experimental investigations using natural ilmenite and chromite samples to test the findings from the thermodynamic calculations.
Perceived quality of full HD video - subjective quality assessment

In recent years, an interest in multimedia services has become a global trend and this trend is still rising. The video quality is a very significant part from the bundle of multimedia services, which leads to a requirement for quality assessment in the video domain. Video quality of a streamed video across IP networks is generally influenced by two factors “transmission link imperfection and efficiency of compression standards. This paper deals with subjective video quality assessment and the impact of the compression standards H.264, H.265 and VP9 on perceived video quality of these compression standards. The evaluation is done for four full HD sequences, the difference of scenes is in the content“ distinction is based on Spatial (SI) and Temporal (TI) Index of test sequences. Finally, experimental results follow up to 30% bitrate reducing of H.265 and VP9 compared with the reference H.264.
Evaluating Effect of Occupational Stress on Job Satisfaction with Mediating Role of Career Development : Case Study : Oil - Gas Extracting Company of Aghajary

Today stress is an important factor considered by scientists in management and behavioral sciences. Stress and persistence can lead to irreparable human and material costs. In view of that staff and in general, human resources are included for the most vital asset of any organization, so it is particularly important to regard the job satisfaction of employees in different jobs, especially in industries. We need to study the present statistical population, because oil and gas industry is the most important source of income for Iran. To this end, it examined effects of three stress components including workload, access information and interpersonal relationships and put mediating variable of career developmenton job satisfaction. A descriptive research is of the survey methodology and statistical population used in the research is 2798 official personnel of Oil-Gas Extracting Company of Aghajary, sample size of 338 was obtained using a Morgan table. Using Structural Equations Modeling for confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of relationships between variables and based on the research model, the research results were accepted, are: impacts of workload variables, access to information and career development on employees’ job satisfaction. The impact of interpersonal relationships on employees’ job satisfaction and workload was rejected on career development; and impact of variables of interpersonal relationships and access to information on career development was accepted.
Characterization of asymmetric coupled CMOS lines

This paper investigates the properties of asymmetric coupled lines built in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology in the frequency range of 50 MHz to 26.5 GHz. We show that the frequency-dependent line parameters extracted from calibrated four-port S-parameter measurements agree well with data predicted by numerical calculations. To our knowledge these are the first complete high-frequency measurements of the line parameters for asymmetric coupled lines on silicon ever reported.
Evaluation of Einstein Year

Caroline Ingram and Jan Peters are independent consultants. Thanks are due to the event organisers, scientists and event visitors who took part in interviews and discussion groups and to the schools who took part in the quantitative fieldwork. The quantitative survey and analysis was undertaken by Roni Malek and Fani Stylianidou of the Institute of Education. The full report and the data appendices are available upon request. iv v Executive Summary 1. Physics was established at concern over the general public's poor awareness of physics and its importance in our daily life. The 100 th anniversary of Albert Einstein's annus mirabilis offered a unique vehicle for the physics community to promote and celebrate physics. The Institute of Physics defined its role within the World Year of Physics as a coordinator within the physics community of the UK and Ireland and with this established Einstein Year. 2. Einstein Year was launched in January 2005 with a high profile BMX stunt team doing a new manoeuvre termed the Einstein Flip performed by an 18 year-old to emphasis the focus on youth and excitement. The year was characterised by a series of activities: • A centrally coordinated programme of high profile, participatory outreach activities. • Schools, youth groups, universities and museums developing and running physics-based outreach activities for their local communities. • A small awards grant scheme to provide financial support for locally run activities. • Resources to provide practical support for locally run activities. • A website (www.einsteinyear.org) to act as a focus for the whole initiative. • A public relations campaign. 3. The aims of Einstein Year were: • Changing attitudes among young people to physics • Increasing the quantity and quality of physics outreach activities • Building sustainable links between physicists and their communities. 4. This report brings together the findings from fieldwork that used: • a questionnaire-based study of attitudes towards science and scientists among 11-14 year olds undertaken across the UK and Ireland over the year • observations, interviews and focus groups at Einstein Year events • an analysis of the materials used to promote Einstein Year. 5. Einstein Year resulted in positive images of science being presented to a wider community than those who commonly attend science events. Different activities throughout the year were described by attendees as fun, exciting and interesting – often against people's initial judgement. Media profile and interest waned towards the end of …
Geometry, segmentation and stress regime of the Spitak (Armenia) earthquake from the analysis of the aftershock sequence

SUMMARY The aftershock sequence of the Spitak earthquake, as recorded by a dense portable network deployed around the source region, is analysed in order to obtain a precise description of the mechanics of the rupture. A collection of 708 well-recorded events corresponding to a period of about two weeks is studied, their hypocentres are accurately located, and their focal mechanisms are calculated individually as well as by a joint procedure that permits us to estimate the stress regime. The epicentral distribution of these aftershocks indicates that the fault at depth extends well beyond the surface rupture towards the west and northwest. Neotectonic and seismic observations permit us to identify five segments broken during the earthquake. The southeastern one, oriented N140°, corresponds to the surface ruptures along the Alavar right lateral shear fault. The main surface ruptures, between Spitak and Gekhasar, correlate well with aftershocks showing a N120° trending fault surface, dipping 50" to the NE and acting as a thrust with a right lateral component. Two similar segments towards the west, are offset and hidden under active folds. A fifth segment, towards the NW, corresponds to a right lateral blind shear fault buried in depth, in the vicinity of the large Pambak-Sevan fault. 14 vertical sections across the fault, including focal mechanisms, illustrate these features. A relocation of the main shock and aftershocks for the period before the installation of the portable network, confirms the spatial extent of the seismicity. The foreshock, the main shock and the strongest aftershock (4min 20s after the main shock) have approximately the same epicentre. Thus the rupture started at the crossing of the Pambak-Sevan and Alavar faults and propagated bilateraly from there, although the seismic moment associated to the Alavar branch is only about one sixth of the total moment. The stress regime is one of triaxial compression with a a, axis oriented N344". The same orientation is given by the microtectonic observations made on the central segment of the surface ruptures, a result that agrees with previous estimates for the Georgian Caucasus.
Model Driven Test Case Optimization of UML Combinational Diagrams Using Hybrid Bee Colony Algorithm

—To detect faults or errors for designing the quality software, software testing tool is used. Testing manually is an expensive and time taking process. To overcome this problem automated testing is used. Test case generation is a vital concept used in software testing which can be derived from requirements specification. Automation of test cases is a method where it can generate the test cases and test data automatically by using search based optimization technique. Model-driven testing is an approach that represents the behavioral model and also encodes the system behavior with certain conditions. Generally, the model consists of a set of objects that defined through variables and object relationships. This piece of work is used to generate the automated optimized test cases or test data with the possible test paths from combinational system graph. A hybrid bee colony algorithm is proposed in this paper for generating and optimizing the test cases from combinational UML diagrams.
INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION OF HUMAN GAMMA INTERFERON

Background:The premature termination of high producer clones, which will be killed due to cell proliferation and proteins production antagonism, is one of the basic drawback in recombinant proteins technology. Furtheremore, it is supposed some toxic proteins like interferon which we intended to clone and express, inhibit host cells’ proliferation. So, it is necessary to tightly control IFN-γ production during growing and selecting of highly producing clones. Methods: In the present study, we constructed an expression vector, pMPGB43P2(6)K containing the cumate-regulatable expression cassette to high production of human IFN-γ in Chinese Hamster Ovary- Cumate Transactivator (CHO-CTA). The clones were selected in the cumate and without cumate treated medium. Results: Our results showed, induced IFN-γ expression level was about 5 of magnitude higher than the constitive transgenic system. Conclusion: Application of cumate-regulatable expression cassette, which can be switch off and on by cumate, is useful to production of high producer clones and express toxic proteins in animal cells. Iran. Biomed. J. 10 (4): 197-202, 2006
The Performance Analysis of Private Conventional Banks: A Case Study of Bangladesh

This article was published in IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) [© 2013 IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)] and the definite version is available at : https://www.academia. edu/4858303/The_Performance_Analysis_of_Private_Conventional_Banks_A_Case_Study_of_Bangladesh The article website is at: http://www.iosrjournals. org/iosr-jbm.html
Challenges facing the educational system, school effectiveness and school principals in Croatia

This paper explores the theoretical determinants and the results of an empirical research, related to the opinion of the Croatian public on the quality of the national educational system. In addition, an assessment of the role of school principals in the Croatian educational system has been discussed from the viewpoint of challenges, related to the professionalization of their role. The paper is based on a nationally representative survey of public opinion, based on the Computer-Aided Telephone Interviewing. Its results show an overestimation of the national educational system’s effectiveness, as compared to the results of the international benchmarking studies. It should also be noted that the Croatian public negatively perceives the influence of the majority of institutional actors on the educational system, and regards the school principals as ‘political actors’ (and not as an independent profession).
As Arnicas Endêmicas das Serras do Brasil

"Considerando a constante necessidade de novas informacoes de pesquisa dos Biomas Nacionais e dos grupos brasileiros que atuam na area de Farmacia com Plantas Medicinais, a PNBio teve como uma de suas metas iniciais compilar informacoes em uma colecao de livros com os objetivos de informacao e ensino. Nesta edicao, os leitores terao acesso a algumas coletâneas realizadas, por pesquisadores da area vinculados ao INCT, versando sobre atividade de plantas do Brasil".
FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS AND FOR REFERENCE COMPENSATION IN LOCALIZED SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE SENSORS

of Thesis FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS AND FOR REFERENCE COMPENSATION IN LOCALIZED SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE SENOSRS L‐glutamate is associated with several neurological disorders; thus, monitoring fast dynamics of L‐glutamate is of great importance in the field of neuroscience. Electrode miniaturization demanded by many applications leads to reduced surface area and decreased amounts of immobilized enzymes on coated electrodes. As a result, lower signal‐to‐noise ratios are observed for oxidase‐enzyme based sensors. To increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio we have developed a process to fabricate micro‐ and nano‐ structures on the microelectrode surface. Localized surface‐plasmon resonances (SPR) has been extensively used to design label‐ free biosensors that can monitor receptor‐ligand interactions. A major challenge with localized SPR sensors is that they remain highly susceptible to interference because they respond to both solution refractive index changes and surface binding of the target analyte. The key concept introduced in the present work is the exploitation of transverse and longitudinal resonance modes of nanorod arrays to differentiate between bulk refractive index changes and surface interactions. The transverse bulk sensitivity of the localized SPR sensor (107 nm/RIU) remains competitive with typical single mode gold nanosphere SPR sensors. The figure of merit for the device’s cross‐ sensitivity (1.99) is comparable to that of typical wavelength‐interrogated propagating SPR sensors with self referencing.
DESIGN CONCEPT OF A γ-γ HIGGS FACTORY DRIVEN BY THIN LASER TARGETS AND ENERGY RECOVERY LINACS

A γ-γ collider has long been considered an option for a Higgs Factory. Such colliders usually rely on Compton back-scattering for generating γ photons. The present designs all choose a thick laser target for scattering. In this paper, we present a new approach for a γ-γ collider utilizing a thin laser target, thus leading to a low electron to γ photon conversion rate. This new concept eliminates useless soft γ photons from multiple Compton scattering. It also relaxes the requirement of the high peak power of the laser. A high luminosity of such a γ-γ collider can be achieved through an increase of the bunch repetition rates and currents of the electron beams. Further, multi-pass recirculating linac could greatly reduce the linac cost and energy recovery is required to reduce the RF power.
Condition Factor as an Indicator of Growth and Feeding Intensity of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) Feed on Different Levels of Maltose

The present study describes the Length -Weight relationship (LWR), relative condition factor (k) and dietary maltose of the Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) to determine the growth pattern. Five isonitrogenous and isocarloric experimental diets were formulated to contain different maltose levels (0.0, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35%). Triplicate groups of fish (30 fish per tank with an average body weight, of 2.1 ±0.2 g) were assigned to each diet. At the end of the experimental (after 8 weeks). Samples of Oreochromis niloticus were collected from the tanks and transported to the laboratory for analyses. Length weight relationship (LWR) was described by the equation: W = a L. The value of the regression co-efficient obtained b from the WLR was 0.82, 0.87, 0.93, 0.82 and 0.90, respectively. There was a significant correlation between length and weight, while the condition factor computed for Oreochromis niloticus were 1.64, 1.77, 1.74, 1.72 and 1.79, which indicated good health condition during the experiment and it is indicating an isometric growth, which is the desirable for fish of fish farm.
Effect of subducting sea-floor roughness on fore-arc kinematics

Fault kinematics and uplift in the Costa Rican fore arc of the Middle America convergent margin are controlled to a large extent by roughness on the subducting Cocos plate. Along the northwest flank of the incoming Cocos Ridge, seafloor is characterized by short wavelength roughness related to northeast-trending seamount chains. Onland projection of the rough subducting crust coincides with a system of active faults oriented at high angles to the margin that segment the fore-arc thrust belt and separate blocks with contrasting uplift rates. Trunk segments of Pacific slope fluvial systems typically follow these margin-perpendicular faults. Regionally developed marine and fluvial terraces are correlated between drainages and across faults along the Costa Rican Pacific coast. Terrace separations across block-bounding faults reveal a pattern of fore-arc uplift that coincides roughly with the distribution of incoming seamounts. Magnitude and distribution of Quaternary uplift along the Costa Rican Pacific coast suggests that, despite a thin incoming sediment pile, the inner fore arc shows an accumulation of mass—a characteristic that may be due to underplating of seamounts beneath the fore-arc high.
Efficacy of a Mentoring Program on Nurse Retention and Transition Into Practice

Background: The United States and countries around the world are often faced with a nursing shortage. Studies indicate the reasons for the shortages include low job satisfaction and other factors leading to decreased retention rates. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if participating in a mentor program impacted the transition into practice and retention rates of new graduate nurses at a small community hospital in northern Indiana. Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive, quasi-experimental study. A total of 20 new graduate nurses were studied to determine whether participation in a mentoring program had any impact on their retention at the facility. The participants who completed the mentoring program were asked to complete a questionnaire which examined their perception of the correlation between their completion of the program and their transition into practice. Results: This study determined that participating in a mentor program impacted the transition into practice and retention rates of new graduate nurses at a small community hospital in northern Indiana. The questionnaire results indicated that participation in the mentoring program helped with the new graduate nurses’ transition into practice. This study was guided by Benner’s novice to expert theory.