Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extract improves the shelf life of chicken products

Summary The antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of pomegranate peel and seed extract was investigated. Pomegranate peel extract (PE) showed excellent antioxidant activity while the seed extract (PS) did not have any significant activity. The IC50 value of PE for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging was 4.9 μg mL–1 while that of Butylated hydroxy toluene was 21.2 μg mL–1, indicating that it was a stronger antioxidant. The efficacy of PE in scavenging hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical was also very high. It also had good reducing power and iron chelation capacity. PE showed good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus having minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.01%. Pseudomonas could be inhibited at a higher concentration of 0.1% while it was ineffective against Escherichia coli and S. typhimurium. Addition of PE to popular chicken meat products enhanced its shelf life by 2–3 weeks during chilled storage. PE was also effective in controlling oxidative rancidity in these chicken products.
Enzyme cascade reactions: synthesis of furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and carboxylic acids using oxidases in tandem

A one-pot tandem enzyme reaction using galactose oxidase M3–5 and aldehyde oxidase PaoABC was used to convert hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to the pure bioplastics precursor FDCA in 74% isolated yield. A range of alcohols was also converted to carboxylic acids in high yield under mild conditions.
Níveis de cloro para codornas italianas destinadas à produção de carne

In order to determine the best nutritional levels of chlorine in Italian quails destined for meat production (aged 1 to 49 days), 384 one-day-old quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and eight replications of eight birds per experimental unit. The chlorine levels evaluated were: 0.07, 0.12, 0.17, 0.22, 0.27 and 0.32%. There were no significant effects of the diet chlorine levels on any of the parameters evaluated. Considering that the chlorine levels did not cause any signs of deficit or excess that could be determined by changes in the performance of quails, we can recommend that diets for meat quails aged from 1 to 49 days may contain chlorine levels from 0.07 to 0.32%
Distribution and Seasonal Fluctuation of Bacteria Isolated from Mice and Rats

Bacterial pathogens can affect the experiment data by causing side immune responses. This study aimed to survey the status of laboratory animal quality for major suppliers and research institutes on a national scale, and also the distribution of respiratory and intestinal organ by the turning of the season. We monitored each organ from 738 mice and rats which are being distributed by 34 major institutes in Korea, taken 1,616 isolates including 857 (94.90%) and 759 isolates (97.31%), respectively, with VITEK and 16S rRNA sequence. The 945 (56.15%) and 671 (39.87%) of 1,616 isolates exhibited in respiratory organs and intestinal organs, respectively. Aerococcus viridans, Aeromonas salmonicida, Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis, Kocuria rosia, Leucomostoc pseudomesenteroides, Micrococcus luteus, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus xylosus and Streptococcus parasanguinis were especially isolated in only respiratory organ. The microbial flora which belong to same species and genuses also distributed higher in autumn than in spring. Proteus vulgaris showed mainly in spring, while Sphigomonas paucimobilis, Micrococcus luteus, Leclercia adecarboxylate, and Kocuria rosea in autumn. Paenibacillus polymyxa, Granulicatella elegans, Granulicatella adiacens, Enterobacter cloacae, Brevibacillus choshinensis, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus circulans, Acinetobacter baumannii, Acromobacter denitrificans were specifically distributed in spring, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, Sphingomonas thalpophilum, Pasteurella canis, Micrococcus lylae, Brucella meltensis and Salmonella genus showd in autumn. These result suggested that composition and seasonal fluctuation of bacteria will serve as basic information for the improvement of domestic laboratory animal quality.
Uso da modelagem multicritério para apoio ao decisor na alocação de produtos na matriz mercadológica do ciclo de vida dos produtos

A correta de alocacao de produtos na matriz de ciclo de vida e de fundamental importância para as estrategias mercadologicas, operacionais e logisticas das organizacoes. Entretanto, os procedimentos de classificacao dos produtos muitas vezes envolvem multiplos criterios, que podem ser conflitantes entre si, e que precisam ser ponderados no momento da decisao. Isto torna a tarefa de classificacao delicada e complexa. Em face disto, o presente trabalho visa propor o uso do metodo de apoio multicriterio a decisao ELECTRE TRI como suporte no processo de alocacao do portfolio de produtos na Matriz de Ciclo de Vida. Desde sua concepcao o ELECTRE TRI tem sido aplicado com sucesso em diversos contextos empresariais, apresentado solucoes estaveis adequadas ao problema. Seu uso na alocacao de produtos na matriz de ciclo de vida proporcionara uma metodologia estruturada para realizacao desta tarefa, apoiando as empresas na analise e formacao das estrategias empresariais.
Egg Deposition Patterns in Butterflies: Why Do Some Species Cluster Their Eggs Rather Than Deposit Them Singly?

Egg clustering is found in certain butterfly groups such as nymphalids, pierids, and acraeids, but rarely in papilionids, satyrids, danaiids, riodinids, and hesperiids. I suggest that the occurrence of butterfly species which deposit eggs in clusters is more common than the literature indicates and that data on egg deposition patterns in natural populations of nymphalids in North America, in particular for Phyciodes, Chlosyne, Euphydryas, and Nymphalis species, would support this conclusion. Egg deposition patterns are a response to the structural and ecological characteristics of the larval host plants. The advantages of egg-clustering appear to be related to aposematic coloration in butterflies (eggs, larvae, and adults), although a particular stage in the life cycle of a butterfly that lays eggs singly may be aposematically colored.
The role of MAR elements in DNA recombination

The untargeted integration of foreign DNA into the mammalian cell genome, extensively used in gene therapy and biotechnology, remains an incompletely understood process. It is believed to be based on cellular DNA double strand break (DSB) repair machinery and to involve two major steps: i) the formation of long gene arrays (concatemers), and ii) recombination of the resulting concatemer with the genome. The main DSB repair pathways in eukaryotes include non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR), and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ). However, it is still not clear, which of these pathways are responsible for transgene integration. Here, we show that NHEJ is not the primary pathway used by mammalian cells in the transgene integration process, while the components of the HR pathway seem to be important for genomic integration but not concatemerization. Instead, concatemer formation appears to be mediated by a subset of the MMEJ pathway, termed synthesis-dependent MMEJ (SD-MMEJ). This mechanism also seems to be preferentially used for plasmid integration into the genome, as confirmed by the analysis of plasmid-to-genome junction sequences, which were found to display an SD-MMEJ pattern. Therefore, we propose the existence of two distinct SD-MMEJ subpathways, relying on different subsets of enzymes. One of these mechanisms appears to be responsible for concatemerization, while the other mechanism, partially dependent in HR enzymes, seems to mediate recombination with the genome. Previous studies performed by our group suggested that matrix attachment regions (MARs), which are epigenetic regulatory DNA elements that participate in the formation of chromatin boundaries and augment transcription, may mediate increased plasmid integration into the genome of CHO cells by stimulating DNA recombination. In the present work, we demonstrate that MAR-mediated plasmid integration results from the enhanced SD-MMEJ pathway. Analysis of transgene integration loci and junction DNA sequences validated the prevalent use of this pathway by the MAR elements to target plasmid DNA into gene-rich areas of the CHO genome. We propose that this finding should in the future help to engineer cells for improved recombinant protein production. In addition to investigating the process of transgene integration, we designed recombination assays to better characterize the components of the MMEJ and SD-MMEJ pathways. We also used CHO cells expressing cycle-sensitive reporter genes to demonstrate a potential role of HR proteins in the cell cycle regulation.
Ectopic expression of the homeobox gene Cdx2 is the key transforming event in a mouse model of t(12;13)(p13;q12) acute myeloid leukemia; a novel mechanism in AML

This thesis demonstrates for the first time that activation of a proto-oncogene by a chromosomal translocation can be the key step in myeloid leukemogenesis, even if a fusion gene is generated and expressed in parallel. This mechanism of AML leukemogenesis was proven in a murine model of t(12;13)(p13;q12) AML, showing that myeloid leukemogenesis is induced by the ectopic expression of Cdx2 and not by the ETV6/CDX2 chimeric gene. Mice transplanted with bone marrow cells retrovirally engineered to express Cdx2 rapidly succumbed to fatal and transplantable AML. In contrast, mice which were transplanted with BM cells expressing the fusion gene alone did not develop AML. The transforming activity of Cdx2 was dependent on an intact homeodomain and the N-terminal transactivation domain. Although mice transplanted with ETV6/CDX2 expressing BM cells did not develop overt disease, these animals suffered from a mild myeloproliferation. Experiments testing the effect of simultaneous expression of the Cdx2 and the fusion gene showed no acceleration or change in phenotype of the disease compared to expression of Cdx2 alone, again demonstrating that the ectopic expression of Cdx2 was the key event in this leukemia model. These findings link proto-oncogene activation to myeloid leukemogenesis, an oncogenic mechanism so far associated mainly with lymphoid leukemias and lymphomas. Our model constitutes the first functional proof that activation of a proto-oncogene by a chromosomal translocation is the key leukemogenic event in AML. As many fusion proteins expressed in AML have clearly no leukemogenic potential in experimental in vivo models, this mechanism might be more important for the development of AML than previously thought and should be included in the pathogenetic models of this disease.
To study the effect of photosensitizer on melanophore responses of blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus).

The present study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of a photosensitizer- Methoxsalen, on dietary supplementation, on melanophores/pigmentation and to evaluate the persistence of change in melanophores after discontinuing the feeding of photosensitizer supplemented feeds to labyrinth fish, blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus). The fishes were fed with four feeds (E1, E2, E3 and control containing Methoxsalen @ 20, 100, 500 and 0.0 mg/kg) in three replicates and each replicate have ten (10) fishes. Total ninety fishes (90) were employed for experimental feeds and thirty (30) kept in three aquaria for control. Fishes were fedad libitum 12:00 Noon on every day for 15 days and after one hour feeding, the fishes were exposed for half and hour in sunlight. Water was changed every day after exposure to sunlight. The water quality was congenial for ornamental fishes. After 15 days of feeding the fishes were given control feed in all the aquaria to study and visualize the persistency of the increased colour and/or changes in the melanosomes in terms of aggregation and dispersion of melanophores. Scales were removed and examined under compound microscope for melanosomes/melanophores and overall pigmentation. On addition of Methoxsalen the behavioral changes in melanophores was recorded and was found to be dose-dependent and the darkening of scale appears more with increased number of pigment granules. The fundings of the present study is very useful to understand changes brought in the behaviour of melanosomes in the melanophores on feeding with photosensitizer, through dietary supplementation, to render ornamental fishes to look paoer and/or darker. Therefore, this findings, that aggregation and dispersion phenomenon of melanophores, has direct impact relation with the market value of ornamental fishes. Key words: Ornamental fish, photosensitizer, Trichogaster trichopterus, methoxsalen, chromatophores.
Explaining Racial Differences in Post-College Aspirations: Evidence from the NLSF

As more jobs require advanced degrees beyond a four-year degree, a focus on any disparities in who is obtaining these degrees is warranted. This paper uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen to investigate the presence of any racial disparities in aspirations for post-graduate study. Our results indicate significant racial differences in graduate aspirations: Black students report a much greater desire to pursue academic post-secondary degrees than others, even though their measured attendance is no different. We argue that this phenomenon may be due in part to those students' aspirations being relatively insensitive to grades. There are also racial differences in intended post-graduate field of study; Black students are less likely to intend to pursue science or engineering fields, and more likely to pursue social sciences and professional degrees.
Modes of Self-Pollination and Absence of Cryptic Self-Incompatibility in Drosophyllum lusitanicum (Droseraceae)

: We show experimentally that several types of selfing occur simultaneously in Drosophyllum lusitanicum: prior, competitive, insect-facilitated, delayed and geitonogamous. In addition, we report evidence of cleistogamy in the flower bud. All types of selfing were successful in producing fruits and seeds; however, geitonogamy did not occur uniformly throughout the flowering period in this species. We also report the absence of cryptic self-incompatibility: the germination rate and pollen tube growth rate of cross pollen were no greater than those of self pollen when both types were placed on stigmas of the same flower (mixed pollination). There was a tendency for self pollen to be more vigorous than cross pollen but it just failed to reach significance.
Suppression of invasive topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva by native pike Esox lucius in ponds.

Asian topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva has been recognized as a highly invasive cyprinid fish species in Europe that may present risk to native fish communities. The present study aimed to investigate whether a native piscivorous fish, pike Esox lucius, is able to reduce the establishment success and invasiveness of topmouth gudgeon in shallow ponds. A large-scale, replicated whole-pond experiment was performed in which ponds were spontaneously colonized by topmouth gudgeon and exposed to experimental native fish communities with and without pike. The results of the present study provide evidence for strong negative effects of pike stocking on the abundance and biomass of topmouth gudgeon, while no effects on native fish species were found. The present study suggests that the presence of native pike can considerably enhance the biotic resistance of fish communities against invasion by topmouth gudgeon. It is argued that the resistance of fish communities against invasion by exotic species may in some cases be enhanced by management strategies that reinforce the presence and abundance of pike. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STUDIES ON THE AUTECOLOGY OF THE MARINE DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA NORDENSKIÖLDII CLEVE. 1. THE INFLUENCE OF DAYLENGTH, LIGHT INTENSITY, AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH 1

The marine diatom Thalassiosira nordenskiöldii Clave was grown at 48 different combinations of daylength (9:15, 12:12, 15:9 LD), light intensity (0.011, 0.027, 0.066, 0.100 ly/min [g cal/cm2/min]), and temperature (0, 5, 10, 15 C). Growth occurred at all combinations of light and temperature except at 15 C at the highest light level. Maximum growth (K = 1.8 doublings/day) occurred at 10 C under the 15:9 LD cycle. At 15 C the maximum rate was 1.7 doublings/day but occurred at the shortest day‐length (9:15 LD). The maxima at 5 and 0 C were 1.32 and 0.67 doubling/day, respectively.
Diet of lactating South American sea lions, as inferred from stable isotopes, influences pup growth

Serum and blood cell δ13C and δ15N signals from 26 suckling pups of the South American sea lion from northern Patagonia were used as proxies of the composition of their mothers' diet to test the hypothesis that the foraging habits of the mother influence pup growth. Samples of primary producers and the female potential prey were analyzed to establish baseline isotopic values and to determine energy density. Pups were weighed to determine specific growth rate. Individual variability in female diet was large, probably as a consequence of dissimilarities in the foraging performance that depends on the individual's age, body size, and/or foraging skills. Growth of a pup was influenced by its mother's diet, as pups of females mostly relying on pelagic offshore prey were found to grow faster than those of females basing their diet on benthic coastal prey.
KUALITAS KIMIA DAGING SE’I YANG DIBERI EKSTRAK ANGKAK DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN BERBEDA CHEMICAL QUALITY OF SE’I (Rotenesse Smoked Meat) TREATED WITH RED YEAST RICE EXTRACT IN DIFFERENT STORAGE TIMES

The study aimed to evaluate the chemical quality of se’i treated with red yeast rice extract in different storage times. Factorial of completely randomized design was used in the study. The two factors were red yeast rice extract levels and storage times. The red yeast rice extract levels consisted of: 0% (control), 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% as I factor; and the storage times were: 3, 5, 7 and 9 days. Each combinations of those two factors had 3 replicates. The variables evaluated were: water, protein and fat contents of the se’i. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with SPSS 17 version. The result showed that there was no interaction between red yeast extract and storage time on water and protein contents but there was significanlyt effect on fat content. The conclusion drawn is that se’i treated with 2.5% red yeast rice extract stored for 9 days reduces level of fat contents of se’i. Using of 2% red yeast rice extract perform similar results with control. It is better to reduce the storage time to be 7 days by evaluating other additional se’i quality variables. ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas kimia daging sei yang diberi ekstrak angkak merah dan lama simpan berbeda. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri dari 2 faktor, faktor pertama adalah pemberian ekstak angkak, 0% (Kontrol), 1%, 1.5%, 2% dan 2.5% dan faktor kedua adalah lama simpan, 3 hari, 5 hari, 7 hari dan 9 hari. Kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar air, protein dan lemak daging se'i. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Variansi dengan program SPSS versi 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya interaksi antara pemberian ekstrak angkak dengan lama simpan terhadap kadar air, protein dan adanya interaksi antara pemberian ekstrak angkak dan lama simpan terhadap kadar lemak. Kesimpulan, Pemberian ekstrak angkak merah sampai pada level 2,5% selama penyimpanan 9 hari ada kecenderungan menurunkan kadar lemak daging se’i. Pada level pemberian 2% menghasilkan kadar air, protein dan lemak daging se’i yang relatif sama dengan kontrol. Sebaiknya, penyimpananan lebih dipersingkat kurang dari 7 hari dengan melihat kondisi fisik daging se’i lainnya.
MH1, A Second-site Revertant of an Escherichia coli Mutant Lacking Na+/H+ Antiporters (ΔnhaAΔnhaB), Regains Na+ Resistance and a Capacity to Excrete Na+ in a Δμ̃H+-independent Fashion (*)

The Escherichia coli mutant ΔnhaAΔnhaB (EP432), which lacks the two specific Na+/H+ antiporter genes, is incapable of efficiently excreting Na+. Accordingly at low K+ (6 mM) medium, its intracellular Na+ concentration is only slightly lower (1.5-2×) than the extracellular concentration (50 mM), explaining the high sensitivity to Na+ (≥30 mM) of the mutant. This Na+ sensitivity is shown to be a powerful selection for spontaneous second-site suppressor mutations that allow growth on high Na+ (≤0.6 M) with a rate similar to that of the wild type. One such mutation, MH1, maps at 25.7 min on the E. coli chromosome. It confers Na+ but not Li+ resistance upon ΔnhaAΔnhaB cells and exposes a Na+-excreting capacity, maintaining a Na+ gradient of about 8-10 (at 50 mM extracellular Na+), which is similar to that of the wild type. Although lower, Na+ excretion capacity is also observed in the ΔnhaAΔnhaB mutant when grown in medium containing higher K+ (70 mM). This capacity is accompanied with a shift in the sensitivity of the mutant to higher Na+ concentrations (≥300 mM). Whereas Na+ excretion by a wild type carrying Δunc is uncoupler sensitive, that of MH1Δunc is dependent on respiration in an uncoupler-insensitive fashion. It is concluded that under some conditions (high K+ in the medium or in MH1-like mutants), a primary pump driven by respiration is responsible for Na+ extrusion when the Na+/H+ antiporters are not active.
STUDIES ON TUBERCLE BACILLUS-MONOCYTE RELATIONSHIP

Studies of the conditions necessary for maintenance of constant cell populations in vitro in the Mackaness type of culture chamber have indicated the importance of preliminary trypsinization of cells and the beneficial effect of 40 per cent rabbit serum in Tyrode's solution. Under these optimal conditions, uninfected suspensions of monocytes exhibited little change in cell numbers over a period of 40 to 72 hours. Infection of monocytes with the virulent H37Rv strain of tubercle bacillus resulted in an early degeneration of a certain proportion of the cells cultivated in the presence of normal rabbit serum. This degeneration was apparent not only for cells of tuberculin-negative animals but also for those derived from tuberculin-positive animals. The serum of animals vaccinated with BCG exerted a favorable effect upon the survival of monocytes infected with virulent tubercle bacilli. Treatment with this serum caused a delay in degeneration of infected normal cells (cells of tuberculin-negative rabbits) and a complete inhibition of degeneration of infected immune cells (cells of rabbits vaccinated with BCG).
Fermentation of stachyose and raffinose by hind‐gut bacteria of the weanling pig

Two pigs were weaned at 28 d of age, and one pig each was placed on a corn‐soy (CS) or a corn‐soy diet containing 40% lactose (CSL). After 28 d a fecal sample was taken from each pig. The fecal bacterial community was fractionated and used as a source of inoculum to determine if high levels of lactose added to CS diets would modify the structure of the hind‐gut microbial community and the in vitro breakdown of stachyose (soy molasses served at the source of stachyose) and raffinose. Bacterial growth rate tended to the higher with the CSL diet. Higher growth rates for bacteria from the CSL‐fed pig were supported by the higher acetate: propionate production when compared to the CS diet. All the stachyose and raffinose disappeared during the 48 h fermentation. To our knowledge, this is the first report that stachyose or raffinose are completely fermented by the hind‐gut bacteria of the weanling pig, and that this process can be affected by the addition of high levels of lactose to the diet.