Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep groundwater cycle in Xiongxian geothermal field

The deep karstic aquifer containing hot water is ideal for space heating and maybe also for geothermal power generation. The hot water is characterized by high single-well yield, low salinity, gravity injection and less impact on environment when it is exploited. In order to run a karstic geothermal field sustainably, it is of high importance to identify the local groundwater circulation pattern in the field. Here we take Xiongxian geothermal field as an example to get insights into the characteristics of local groundwater circulation in karstic aquifers. Groundwater samples and surface water samples were collected, and analyzed for their hydrochemical and isotopic contents. Results show that the TDS of groundwater in karstic aquifers is between 1.9 and 2.6 g/L. According to the data of water table, the local groundwater flow direction is from Southwest to Northeast. This is confirmed by the TDS data, which increases gradually in this direction. However, this is orthogonal to the regional groundwater flow direction that is from Northwest to Southeast. This phenomenon highlights the control of aquifer lithology and geological structures on the groundwater flow field. Isotopic data illustrates some oxygen isotope shifts, although the reservoir temperature is less than 90 ℃. Finally, a conceptual model is proposed to depict the deep groundwater cycle in Xiongxian geothermal field, which will serve as a basis for the further simulated model for exploitation strategy and could be used as a reference in similar karstic aquifers.
Turbulent Flames Speeds and Laminar Burning Velocities of Dusts Using the Iso 1 M3 Dust Explosion Method

The ISO 1 m³ dust explosion vessel was instrumented with thermocouples acting as flame detectors. These were used with methane/air gas explosions to show that the explosion flame was spherical in the constant pressure phase of the explosion and that a reliable flame speed and burning velocity could be obtained. This technique was used to determine the turbulent burning velocity using the same method of compressed air injection as used in the ISO 1 m³ dust explosion tests. This enabled the mean turbulent flame enhancement factor of the air injection system used in the ISO 1m³ equipment to be determined as 4.0. The mean flame speed was measured for dusts and these were shown to correlate linearly with the Kst for that dust. The turbulence factor determined from gas explosions was used to derive the laminar flame speed for the dusts and then using the adiabatic constant pressure expansion ratio the laminar burning velocity was derived. This gave peak laminar burning velocities in the 0.15 – 0.55 m/s range for the dusts investigated: corn flour, lycopodium, walnut, Kellingley coal, pistachio nuts. These were in good agreement with other measurements in the literature.
Assessment of The Impacts of Trout Farming on Water Quality Using Macro Invertebrates as Bio- Indicators

The study was conducted to assess the impacts of trout farming on water quality using macro invertebrates as bio-indicators. Two trout farms were selected for the study, viz., Gandaki Trout Farm (GTF) in Kaski district and Fall & Trout Fish Farm (FTF) in Nuwakot district. Reference and impacted sites were selected in each trout farms from where macro invertebrates were collected and physico-chemical parameters were measured. Sorensen’s Index and Multiple Site Similarity Index were calculated to compare the macro-invertebrate assemblages between the impact and the reference sites. Water quality classes were also calculated using macro invertebrate-based tool, NEPBIOS/ASPT scores. Altogether 24 families of macro invertebrates were observed at GTF and 12 families at FTF. The Sorensen’s Similarity Index was greater than 0.5 between reference and impacted sites at GTF; whereas it was only 0.28 at FTF indicating comparatively low level of similarity. In addition, Multiple Site Similarity Index (0.64) at GTF also indicated high similarity between the macro invertebrate assemblages. Reference sites showed higher scores with higher diversity of macro invertebrates. Both farms had suitable water quality for trout (dissolved oxygen and temperature) and most of the physico-chemical parameters did not show significant differences except pH and turbidity at GTF probably due to small scale operation and production. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 175-182
THE EFFECT OF MASSAGE STIMULATION TO REDUCTION OF TUMOR NECROTIC FACTOR-ALFA (TNF-α) AND INTERLEUKIN-6 (IL-6) IN PRETERM, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT APPROPRIATE WITH GESTATIONAL AGE INFANTS

ABTRACT Preterm condition gives a new stressful environment to infants. This condition needs a good and gradual adaptation. External environmental conditions, treatment, care and good nutrition are needed. Massage stimulation in preterm infants is a method that can prepare preterm infants’ adaptation through the critical post-birth period. A good adaptation of the system will provide better organ homeostasis including the immune system. There are three paths of mechanisms that can explain how massage stimulation can regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. The first: the hypothalamus pathway, massage stimulation act as a comfort stimulation that can control (inhibit) the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by macrophages; second: through activation of vagus nerve, massage stimulation act as a tactile stimulation which activates vagal system and the immune system; third: the hypothalamic-pituitary pathway, massage stimulation act as a kinesthetic stimulation that activates the hypothalamic-pituitary to release cortisol, GH (Growth hormone) and IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1). A randomized controlled trial about massage stimulation on preterm infants was performed in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar on 2011. The study revealed a different level of cytokine proinflammation TNF-α (p=0.025) and IL-6 (p=0,001) comparing before and after condition massage stimulation. Outcome of body weight were also different at before and after massage stimulation, with p value 0.042. Mechanisms of massage stimulation affect the immune system of preterm infants through regulation of inhibition the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-6 by macrophages, through three main pathways: the hypothalamic; activation of the vagus nerve and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Discussion Papers in Economics Implementation with Securities

We study mechanism design in a setting where agents know their types but are uncertain about the utility from any alternative. The final realized utility of each agent is observed by the principal and can be contracted upon. In such environments, the principal is not restricted to using only transfers but can employ security contracts which determine each agent’s payoff as a function of their realized utility and the profile of announced types. We show that using security contracts instead of transfers expands the set of (dominant strategy) implementable social choice functions. Our main result is that in a finite type space, every social choice function that can be implemented using a security contract can also be implemented using a royalty contract. Royalty contracts are simpler and commonly used security contracts, in which agents initially pay a transfer and keep a fraction of their realized utility. We also identify a condition called acyclicity that is necessary and sufficient for implementation in these environments. JEL Classification Codes: D44, D47, D71, D82, D86
Development of a micro-extruder with vibration mode for microencapsulation of human keratinocytes in calcium alginate

Microencapsulation is a promising technique to form microtissues. The existing cell microencapsulation technologies that involved extrusion and vibration are designed with complex systems and required the use of high energy. A micro-extruder with an inclusion of simple vibrator that has the commercial value for creating a 3D cell model has been developed in this work. This system encapsulates human keratinocytes (HaCaT) in calcium alginate and the size of the microcapsules is controllable in the range of 500-800 μm by varying the flow rates of the extruded solution and frequency of the vibrator motor (10-63 Hz). At 0.13 ml/min of flow rate and vibration rate of 26.4 Hz, approximately 40 ± 10 pieces of the alginate microcapsules in a size 632.14 ± 10.35 μm were produced. Approximately 100 μm suspension of cells at different cells densities of 1.55 × 105 cells/ml and 1.37 × 107 cells/ml were encapsulated for investigation of microtissues formation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the different functional groups and chemistry contents of the calcium alginate with and without the inclusion of HaCaT cells in comparison to the monolayers of HaCaT cells. From Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) imaging, calcium alginate microcapsules were characterised by spherical shape and homogenous surface morphology. Via the nuclei staining, the distance between cells was found reduced as the incubation period increased. This indicated that the cells merged into microtissues with good cell-cell adhesions. After 15 days of culture, the cells were still viable as indicated by the fluorescence green expression of calceinacetoxymethyl. Replating experiment indicated that the cells from the microtissues were able to migrate and has the tendency to form monolayer of cells on the culture flask. The system was successfully developed and applied to encapsulate cells to produce 3D microtissues.
Email spam in saudi arabia and how do end users deal with it

This paper presents the results of a survey of email users in Saudi Arabia about email SPAM. The survey investigated the nature of email SPAM, how email users dealt with it, and the efforts made to combat it. It also investigated the effectiveness of existing Anti-SPAM filters in detecting Arabic and English email SPAM. 1,500 participants located in Eastern, Western, Central, Southern and Northern regions of Saudi Arabia were surveyed and completed surveys were collected from 1,020 of the participants. The results showed that there were different definitions for email SPAM based on different users’ opinions in Saudi Arabia. The results indicated that the majority of email SPAM received was written in English. The results showed that the most common type of email SPAM received in Arabic was emails related to forums and in English was business advertisements. The results indicated that Yahoo was better than Hotmail, Gmail and other email account providers in classifying email SPAM as the results revealed that the number of emails SPAM received by email users who used Yahoo was lower compared to other email account providers. The results revealed that email users who have used email for long time were more aware of SPAM and using Anti-SPAM programs than users who used email for short time. The results revealed that the most of the email users were not aware of the use of Anti-SPAM software to combat SPAM. The results indicated that the existing Anti-SPAM filters were not completely effective in detecting English and Arabic email SPAM and that these filters were more effective in detecting English SPAM than Arabic SPAM. The results indicated that most email users were not aware of government and ISPs efforts to combat email SPAM in Saudi Arabia.
Phosphorus-limited growth of the tropical seagrass Syringodium filiforme in carbonate sediments

Seagrasses, along with all other marine primary producers, are generally considered to be nitrogen limited. Now experimental enrichments of the tropical seagrass Synngodium fihformeKutz. show that phosphorus, rather than nitrogen, can be the primary limiting nutrient in a marine carbonate environment. Phosphorus enrichment of carbonate sediments resulted in dramatic increases in seagrass growth, biomass, and tissue phosphonis con~position. Additionally, rhizosphere nitrogeil fixation increased in response to phosphorus enrichment, potentially making more nitrogen available to the plants.
EFFECTS OF A BARRIER LAYER IN INGAAS CHANNEL MOSFETS FOR ANALOG/ MIXED SIGNAL SYSTEM-ON-CHIP APPLICATIONS

Addition of a barrier layer in an InGaAs MOSFET, which shows promise for high performance logic applications due to enhanced electron mobility, further improves the electron mobility. We report, for the first time, a detailed investigation of the impact of different barrier layers on the analog performance of an InGaAs MOSFET. The device parameters for analog applications, such as transconductance (gm), transconductance-to-drive current ratio (gm/IDS), drain conductance (gd), intrinsic gain, and unity-gain cutoff frequency (fT) are studied with the help of a device simulator. A barrier layer is found to improve the analog performance of such a device in general; with a double-barrier layer showing the best performance. Keywords-Analog performance, InGaAs n-MOSFETs, transconductance, unity-gain cut-off frequency
An exact approach for evaluating the benefits from technological change

It is commonly believed that taxing agricultural commodities in developing countries, and subsidizing agricultural commodities in industrial countries, reduces incentives in the developing countries for both current production and longer-term investments in capital, knowledge, technology, and infrastructure. It is argued that distortions in agricultural markets have kept investments in research and development, and productivity rates low in agriculture in developing countries. Martin and Alston lay the theoretical foundation for empirical studies of how such distortions affect returns to agricultural research and development in developing countries. Earlier studies of the benefits from technological change have typically used partial equilibrium models with Marshallian welfare measures. Such models have not allowed for a general set of market distortions and market interactions. Techniques recently developed for evaluating welfare in the context of general equilibrium models better measure the implications of trade distorting policies. Martin and Alston describe how to harness these approaches to evaluate the benefits and costs of technological changes. They show that a modified trade expenditure function can be used to measure welfare changes exactly, with a model consistent with the optimizing behavior of both producers and consumers. They do so in a general setting that allows for multiple market distortions and multiple paths of general equilibrium feedback. They illustrate this approach using a quadratic form for a profit function that is a component of the trade expenditure function. They spell out, in principle, how to apply this approach with minimal requirements for additional information, using the results from a computable general equilibrium model. They provide a diagram to illustrate the application of the technique.
Managing Sporting Success and Economic Efficiency in the Professional Football: Identification of Determinant Factors Through the Academic Literature

Football moves crowds, both fans and millions of euros. Football clubs are not any longer just sport teams that focus on winning competitions, but they have turned into complex business units with a high economic and social impact. The main purpose of this study is to conduct a review on the existing international academic literature for providing an insight into the management of sporting success and economic efficiency in the international professional football industry. Findings show that sporting success is influenced, on one hand, by human capital and positive results on an international competition level and, on the other hand by the financial support through sport organizations’ related attributes and investments. Further, sporting success creates economic efficiency leading consequently to a higher profitability of football organizations. This paper can be helpful for managers, practitioners as well as academics, as currently does not exist any literature review on this topic.
Price discovery and volatility transmission in Australian REIT cash and futures markets

This study examines the price discovery function and volatility spillovers in australian real estate investment trust (A-REIT) index futures and also investigates the effects of the global fi- nancial crisis (gfc) on these two features. as opposed to the general understanding of the relationship between the cash and the futures markets, the current study finds that the A-REIT cash market led the a-reIt futures market in price discovery and volatility transmission processes before the gfc. However, during the GFC, the two markets interacted bilaterally in terms of information flow, i.e., in- formation flowed in both directions. Furthermore, after the GFC, the futures market followed the cash market again, but less closely. These findings have broad implications for investors in property assets.
The endomorphism ring of projectives and the Bernstein centre

Let $F$ be a local non-archimedean field and $\mathcal{O}_F$ its ring of integers. Let $\Omega$ be a Bernstein component of the category of smooth representations of $GL_n(F)$, let $(J, \lambda)$ be a Bushnell-Kutzko $\Omega$-type, and let $\mathfrak{Z}_{\Omega}$ be the centre of the Bernstein component $\Omega$. This paper contains two major results. Let $\sigma$ be a direct summand of $\mathrm{Ind}_J^{GL_n(\mathcal{O}_F)} \lambda$. We will begin by computing $\mathrm{c\text{--} Ind}_{GL_n(\mathcal{O}_F)}^{GL_n(F)} \sigma\otimes_{\mathfrak{Z}_{\Omega}}\kappa(\mathfrak{m})$, where $\kappa(\mathfrak{m})$ is the residue field at maximal ideal $\mathfrak{m}$ of $\mathfrak{Z}_{\Omega}$, and the maximal ideal $\mathfrak{m}$ belongs to a Zariski-dense set in $\mathrm{Spec}\: \mathfrak{Z}_{\Omega}$. This result allows us to deduce that the endomorphism ring $\mathrm{End}_{GL_n(F)}(\mathrm{c\text{--} Ind}_{GL_n(\mathcal{O}_F)}^{GL_n(F)} \sigma)$ is isomorphic to $\mathfrak{Z}_{\Omega}$, when $\sigma$ appears with multiplicity one in $\mathrm{Ind}_J^{GL_n(\mathcal{O}_F)} \lambda$.
Appariement de locuteurs entre documents sonores préalablement segmentés en utilisant la classification hiérarchique

L'indexation par locuteurs d'une collection de document sonore consiste a organiser ces donnees sonores en fonction des locuteurs presents dans la base de donnees. Cette indexation se fait selon trois etapes : (1) la segmentation par locuteurs de chaque document sonore de la base ; (2) l'appariement de locuteurs entre les diverses portions segmentees des documents ; (3) la generation d'un index base sur les locuteurs. Ce papier se focalise sur la deuxieme etape, c'est-a-dire l'appariement de locuteurs, qui n'a ete que tres peu abordee jusqu'a maintenant. Le resultat de cette tâche est une classification des differentes portions segmentees en classes correspondant chacune a des locuteurs differents. Dans cet article, nous etudions l'interet d'approches de type classification hierarchique pour l'appariement de locuteurs. Nous proposons deux nouvelles mesures de dissimilarite discriminantes et un nouvel algorithme ``bottom-up'' que nous comparons avec des approches plus classiques en classification hierarchique. Les experiences sont realisees sur un sous-ensemble de la base de donnees Switchboard, une base contenant des conversations telephoniques. Les approches proposees permettent un appariement de locuteurs satisfaisant avec un bon niveau de purite pour chacune des classes, mais le nombre de classes tend a etre superieur au nombre reel de locuteurs.
Rural entrepreneurship and Innovation: some successful women?s initiatives

Although rural entrepreneurship is an emergent field of study and has emerged as one of the most noticeable ways to promote rural development, the few studies concerning the theme are still incipient. Moreover, a lot of studies focus on farmers and rural entrepreneurs as a whole and little research emphasises women? s entrepreneurship, particularly in Portugal. Thus, this study explores entrepreneurial initiatives conducted by women in one of the most peripheral areas of Portugal - Montemuro (municipality of Castro Daire), where subsistence agriculture continues to be the main economic activity. These women have been stimulated to develop entrepreneurial activity in the countryside, taking advantage of local and endogenous materials (flax and wool) and traditional knowledge that through for generations mothers passed orally to daughters. Indeed, these women who have continually been working this type of materials in their homes, putting into practise what they have learnt from their grandmothers and mothers, began to create innovative and fashionable products. The aim of this study, therefore, is to explore women's entrepreneurship in rural communities of Montemuro region, raise awareness of the role that these women play in rural development and identify some strategic considerations towards the development of their work. Concerning methodological procedures, in addition to the collection of data and news from newspapers and visits on internet pages about these women? s work, this paper is based on exploratory visits in the study communities of the Montemuro region and in the technique of observation. Apart from this, an interview was conducted in one of the organizations of women. The results of the study point out that the women of Montemuro try to not only create their own work, but also keep the culture and local traditions alive, therefore contributing to rural development. However several difficulties in the development of these entrepreneurial initiatives persist and further progress must be made. According to this, rural and local resources should be seen as valuable and entrepreneurial actions must be continually supported in order to contribute towards a process of rural development. Governmental and other institutional support should be directed to these women entrepreneurs in areas which they have lack of knowledge and expertise and conduct to the creation of a culture of entrepreneurship in the local context. Moreover, the success of entrepreneurship actions depends on the cooperation and creation of networks among the different actors that live in the rural communities. In terms of limitations we emphasize the exploratory nature of the study. Thus in order to understand behaviours and attitudes of these women entrepreneurs, limitations and opportunities of their entrepreneurial actions, an in-depth study will be interesting, maybe in the form of a study case.