Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic expression of POH1 gene in shoot development during in vitro culture of Phalaenopsis orchid

Phalaenopsis Orchid Homeobox1 (POH1) gene is a KNOTTED1 homologous gene from Indonesian wild orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis. As a member of homeobox gene family in orchid, POH1 may function in the initiation and development of shoot in orchid. To understand the roles of POH1 gene, we analyzed the expression and function of POH1 gene during in vitro culture of P. amabilis orchids. The method was conducted by growing seeds of P. amabilis orchids on New Phalaenopsis (NP) medium to grow protocorms, and then in turned it grew into plantlets. Phenotypic characters such as a number of shoots, number and size of leaves were analysed in (4, 8, 16 and 24) wk after sowing (WAS) plantlets. Molecular analysis including the expression of POH1 gene was analysed by Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-PCR using POH1F1R1 primers on various ages of (4, 8, 16 and 24) WAS plantlets following by protein profile analysis using 10 % SDS-PAGE. The results showed that during in vitro condition, embryos were developed into a single and multip.
Sind Zuwanderer der zweiten Generation im deutschen Schulsystem doppelt benachteiligt? : Die Bedeutung der frühen Mehrgliedrigkeit für erfolgreiche Integration

In Deutschland ist die öffentliche Debatte über Zuwanderung und Integration nicht erst seit der Veröffentlichung von Thilo Sarrazins Buch »Deutschland schafft sich ab« in vollem Gange. Beinahe ein Fünftel der Bevölkerung Deutschlands hatte im Jahr 2009 einen Migrationshintergrund; bei den unter 20-Jährigen waren es sogar knapp 30% (vgl. Statistisches Bundesamt 2010). Es ist zu erwarten, dass dieser Anteil in den kommenden Jahren weiter steigen wird. Dass die Politik sich der Bedeutung dieses Themas bewusst ist, zeigen die von Bundeskanzlerin Angela Merkel in den letzten Jahren wiederholt einberufenen Integrationsgipfel. Gerade im Hinblick auf den Bildungsund Arbeitsmarkterfolg bestehen erhebliche Integrationsdefizite. Dies gilt insbesondere für Zuwanderer der zweiten Generation – hier definiert als jene Personen, die zwar selbst in Deutschland geboren wurden, deren Eltern aber nach Deutschland eingewandert sind. Ein Großteil dieser Personengruppe sind Nachkommen der Gastarbeiter, die Ende der 1950er und in den 1960er Jahren als gering qualifizierte Arbeitskräfte angeworben wurden. Zuwanderer der zweiten Generation erzielen hierzulande erhebliche schlechtere Testleistungen in internationalen Schulleistungsvergleichen (vgl. Schnepf 2007) sowie deutlich geringere Bildungsabschlüsse als Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund (vgl. Riphahn 2003). Zum anderen verdienen sie weniger und sind häufiger von Arbeitslosigkeit betroffen (vgl. z.B. Algan et al. 2010).
Vegetation management practices on Conservation Reserve Program fields to improve northern bobVwhite habitat quality

Since 1985, an annual average of more than 14 million ha of very erodible cropland has been removed from production and enrolled in perennial grass practices under the Con- servation Reserve Program (CRP). The rate of changes in plant communities on CRP fields can be modified (intentionally or accidentally) by disturbance-management regimes. Throughout the Midwest and Southeast, habitat quality for early successional and grass- land species may decline as CRP grasslands age, but premeditated disturbance regimes may enhance and maintain habitat quality for these species. However, concerns regard- ing perceived conflicts between wildlife habitat and soil erosion objectives of the CRP per- sist among United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Natural Resources Con- servation Service (NRCS) personnel. Therefore, we evaluated effects of strip-discing on vegetation structure and composition and soil erosion in tall fescue (Festuca arundiacea) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) CRP fields in Missouri. We interpreted vegetation response in the context of habitat quality for a socially and economically important species, the northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Fall discing generally increased percentage bare ground and plant diversity and decreased percentage litter cover and litter depth. However, plant community response and duration of effects dif- fered between fescue and orchard grass fields. Gains in habitat quality in fescue fields were minimal and short-lived, whereas enhancements in orchard grass fields were sub- stantial and longer-lived. Overall, fall discing enhanced bobwhite habitat quality, but responses diminished by the second growing season post-treatment, especially in CRP fields planted to fescue. Soil-loss potential, as estimated by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE? )), was well within USDA tolerable limits for all treatments. Our findings indicated that discing intensity on CRP fields could be increased by 2-3 times without compromising soil erosion provisions of CRP. Therefore, we suggest that strip-discing on a 2- to 3-year rotation should be a permissible and encouraged practice to maintain early succession plant communities on CRP fields in the Midwest and Southeast.
ANTiANAEROBiK ANTiBiYOTiKLER VE ANAEROB BAKTERiLERiN ANTiMiKROBiK DUYARLILIK TESTLERi ANTIANAEROBIC ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

Anaerobic bacteria cause serious, endogenous and polymicrobial infections including many systems and different sites of body. Antimicrobials that can be used in the effective treatment of such kind of infections are limited. In addition, antimicrobial resistance ratio has been increasing rapidly from day to day. Isolation and performing susceptibility testing of anaerobes are difficult and need a long time . Therefore, it could be necessary to start an effective amprical therapy without obtaining the results of susceptibility testing. Antianaerobic antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in anaerobic bacteria should be known well by clinicians in order to obtain sucessful results in treatment. On the other hand, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobes should be made by microbiologists. The information required related to this subject is summarized in this article. (Key words: Antianaerobic antibiotics, Susceptibility tests)
Social polymorphism and social behaviour in sweat bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

I use field observations, experiments and molecular techniques to describe the social biology of the sweat bee Lasioglossum calceatum, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying social polymorphism and body size in this species. I also investigate environmental constraints on sociality, and the impact that workers have on productivity, in the obligate social species L. malachurum. Chapter 1 introduces sweat bees as a study system, and reviews social behaviour within the group. I then provide concise introductions to the study species. In Chapter 2 I show that L. calceatum exhibits latitudinal social polymorphism in the UK, with only bees in the south expressing primitive eusociality. I then describe the social life cycle from continuous field observations, with reference to genetic data. In Chapter 3 in I examine environmental and genetic components of social phenotype in L. calceatum by conducting a field transplant of bees from the north of the UK to the south. Social phenotype is likely to be predominantly determined by fixed genetic differences between social and solitary populations. Chapter 4 examines whether the transition between social and solitary nesting results in saw-tooth size clines in L. calceatum and Halictus rubicundus. Overall, both species exhibit converse-Bergmann clines but not saw-tooth clines. In Chapter 5 I transplant the obligate social sweat bee L. malachurum to the north of the UK, to test whether sociality is constrained by season length. Phenology was considerably delayed such that the life cycle could not be completed. In Chapter 6 I investigate queen quality, productivity and costs of worker production in L. malachurum, by manipulating the number of workers per nest. I show that queens probably incurs costs from producing more workers, and that a possible mechanism is that workers from larger groups may be of lower quality. In Chapter 7 I bring together key findings of the thesis, and comment on future directions.
Settlement of blue crab postlarvae in Western North Atlantic estuaries

We quantified variability in daily settlement of blue crab postlarvae (megalopae) on identical artificial settlement substrates at up to 6 sites concurrently over a broad geographic expanse (∼1300 km) of the western North Atlantic (Delaware-South Carolina, USA). The 4-year study encompassed the blue crab recruitment season (generally July-November) from 1989-1992. Regional settlement was characterized by : (1) constant low levels of daily settlement punctuated by significantly non-random, episodic peaks of variable duration and intensity with peaks collectively accounting for at least half the total annual settlement at a site ; (2) spatial and temporal variability leading to a general lack of coherence between sites in a given year and across years within a site ; (3) occasional coherence in patterns between sites during a given year, suggesting linkages in regional processes affecting settlement ; and, (4) significant semilunar patterns of episodic settlement pulses at the York River and Charleston Harbor sites over a 4-year period. Thus, regional settlement patterns exhibit both consistent (i.e., semilunar periodicity, episodic pulses) and variable (i.e., temporal and spatial variation) elements, which are likely due to a combination of stochastic and deterministic processes. Such patterns may impart an ecological advantage to crabs settling en masse (i.e., reduced encounter rate with predators through predator swamping) or at continuous low levels (i.e., below a density-dependent threshold) during the recruitment season. An identical study illustrated that settlement in Gulf of Mexico estuaries exhibited similarly episodic and highly variable patterns. Daily mean and total annual settlement were up to a hundred-fold greater for gulf than Atlantic Coast estuaries implying population limitation by post-settlement processes in the gulf and greater recruitment limitation in the Atlantic. These studies emphasize the merit of conducting research over a broad geographic range using standardized techniques to attempt meaningful ecological comparisons.
Pharmacological characterisation of the hP2Y11 and xlP2Y11 receptors.

Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides are important signalling molecules that exert a diverse range of physiological responses throughout the body. These chemical messengers often transduce their effects through interaction with specific cell surface receptors called purinoceptors. The P2Y purinoceptor family binds extracellular nucleotides, principally ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP. Conformational change of the P2Y purinoceptors upon ligand binding conveys a signal to intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins, which are activated, transducing the signal further downstream by acting at different effector enzymes to influence second messenger production. In this thesis I present the first pharmacological characterisation of a non-manurtalian P2Yn receptor orthologue, Xenopus laevis P2Yn (XlP2Yn), and extend the pharmacological profile of the human P2Yn receptor (hP2Yn). Second messenger assays were employed to record the intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation and Ca2+ mobilisation generated by both the human and Xenopus laevis P2Y receptors in response to various P2Y agonists and antagonists. In a manner similar to its human orthologue, I have shown that XlP2Yn is activated by nucleotides and nucleotide analogues, mobilising calcium from intracellular stores, and increasing cAMP production through the activation of adenylyl cyclase. When compared to previously published data, XlP2Yn exhibits a novel rank order of agonist and antagonist potency, revealing a receptor functionally similar but pharmacologically distinct from both the human and canine P2Yn receptor orthologues (hP2Yn and cP2Yn).
Effect of degree of polish on proximate composition of milled rice

Milled rice samples of different degrees of polish (0-11.35%) obtained by varying the time of milling were evaluated for proximate composition (proteins, fat, ash and carbohydrates). The data revealed that the proteins, fat and ash contents decreased linearly with increase in degree of polish, as these constituents were mainly concentrated in the peripheral layers of kernel, which were removed during polishing.
Immunomodulation : Grandes orientations thérapeutiques

La connaissance des mecanismes d'activation et d'amplification de la reponse immunitaire ouvre un champ de la medecine dont l'immunomodulation est une application potentielle. En inhibant la proliferation des lymphocytes, nombre d'immunosuppresseurs bloquent l'induction d'une tolerance immunitaire. Celle-ci est precisement l'objectif d'approches ciblant les structures de reconnaissance de l'antigene, de co-stimulation ou les cytokines. Une caracterisation moleculaire des etats fonctionnels auxquels conduit l'activation lymphocytaire est aujourd'hui accessible, et susceptible d'ouvrir la voie a la definition de nouvelles cibles therapeutiques de l'immunomodulation.
An evaluation of the role of milk in the natural transmission of BLV.

: In order to evaluate the role of milk in the transmission of BLV, the presence of the virus and viral antibodies was investigated in cattle that were born to, and nursed on, infected dams and then raised in isolation or in contact with infected animals. Only 3 of the 17 isolated cattle became infected during 25-29 months of observation. During the same period of time, all 17 cattle raised in contact with BLV-positive animals developed BLV infection. From these results, it is apparent that milk-borne transmission of BLV, if it occurs, is much less frequent than contact transmission.
Verstaudung von aufgelassenen Rasen am Beispiel von Arrhenatherion-Gesellschaften

The invasion of grassland communities by tall forbs and perennial herbs following the cess­ ation of moving is described using Arrhenatherion grasslands of Western Czechoslovakia as an example. This process is usually connected with secondary eutrophication conditioned by the intensification of farming near the abandoned meadows. A comparison of mowed and unmowed meadows of the alliance Arrhenatherion revealed the following: 1. The floristic richness of the unmowed meadows decreases, especially that of the charac­ teristic species of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, order Arrhenatheretalia. and alliance Arrhenatherion. 2. The number and cover percentage of ruderal and weed species increases considerably. 3. Tall forbs and perennial herbs gain dominance in the structure of the abandoned meadows. 4. The floristic composition and species cover or abundance in unmoved meadows is changing. The increase in tall forbs and perennial herbs caused by succession is to be distinguished from the eutrophication process. The various forms of the Arrhenatheretwn elatioris caused by the increase in forbs can be interpreted as association phases. The variations caused by secondary fertilization, on the other hand, enable us to define variants or subvariants of syntaxa recognized in cultivated meadows.
dialogue entre l'acide abscissique et les sucres

La restriction hydrique est l'une des menaces les plus importantes pour les rendements agricoles a l'echelle mondiale. Chez le rosier, cela se traduit notamment par un maintien des bourgeons axillaires en dormance le long de la tige. Curieusement, une rehydratation du substrat stimule fortement le debourrement. Nous avons axe notre travail sur la recherche d'eventuelles differences entre les voies de signalisation de la dormance en situation de stress hydrique, et celles de la dormance due a la dominance apicale. Notre etude apporte les premiers elements permettant de comprendre le role que tient le dialogue entre l'acide abscissique et les sucres dans la regulation du debourrement par le stress hydrique. Nous avons montre que l'acide abscissique est capable a lui seul de bloquer le debourrement sur des nœuds cultives in-vitro, et que le saccharose antagonise cette action inhibitrice. Nous avons egalement montre le fait que cet antagonisme ne necessite pas la metabolisation du saccharose, ce qui montre que le saccharose interagit avec l'acide abscissique en tant que signal. Grâce a des analyses moleculaires dans les bourgeons et a de prochains dosages hormonaux et biochimiques, nous dressons de nouvelles hypotheses de travail pour le futur, vis a vis de l'implication des proteines PIN1 dans cette inhibition par le stress hydrique.
Delta Tocotrienal Inhibit mTOR Pathway by Modulating Glutamine Uptake and Transporters in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer, with the majority of cases being non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the leading causes of death among cancers. NSCLC has exhibited high rate of glutamine dependency during its growth and development. It has also been shown that glutamine uptake plays a mandatory role in the uptake of essential amino acid and in activation of mTOR kinase. SLC1A5 and SLC7A5, glutamine transporters, exhibit an important role in the development of NSCLC by transporting glutamine and essential amino acid into the proliferating tumors. Therefore, SLC1A5 and SLC7A5 are key drug targets with potential pharmacological importance. The aim of this study was to probe dysregulated glutamine and essential amino acids (EAA) metabolism in NSCLC, while investigating the effect of T3 on glutamine transporter and mTOR pathways. H1299 and A549 cells were cultured with/without T3 (30μM) followed by extraction of the intra‐cellular metabolites. The endometabolome of the cells was determined by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Changes in specific metabolite concentrations upon intervention with δT were quantified with the Chenomx‐NMR Suite. MTS assay and FITC Annexin V stained flow cytometry analysis were performed to determine the anti‐proliferative effects and induction of apoptosis by T3. The expression of glutamine transporters and mTOR pathway proteins were assessed using western blot analysis. The data shows that T3 significantly inhibited glutamine uptake in H1299 cells. The inhibition of glutamine uptake into proliferating cells resulted in dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in both cell lines. Further validation using western blot data exhibits inhibition of SLC7A5 glutamine transporter and mTOR pathway proteins (P‐mTOR, mTOR, P‐AKT, AKT, S6K, c‐MYC. MMP‐9, and Bcl‐XL) by T3 in a dose dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the anticancer effects of T3 may occur via downregulation of mTOR1 pathway induced by inhibition of glutamine transporters.
Emphysème expérimental consécutif à une injection intraveineuse de trypsine

: The injection of trypsin provokes a decrease of the circulating antiproteases. Its effect on an elastase-induced emphysema is negligible. Paradoxically, emphysema is quantitatively demonstrated in rats treated with trypsin alone: an influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the lung is observed during the acute phase of experiment.
Multivariate Analysis as a Tool for Studying the Effects of Salinity in Different Melon Landraces at Germination Stage

Although salt stress affects all growth stages of a plant, seed germination and seedling growth stages are known to be more sensitive for most plant species. The current research was carried out to find the most effective indicators when screening melons for salt tolerance. For this purpose, a factorial experiment as a completely randomized design was performed in order to investigate the effects of salinity (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl) on seed germination parameters, hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation and some antioxidant enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in five Iranian melon landraces and one melon cultivar â€˜Galiaâ€™ F1 at early seedling growth stage. The â€˜Galiaâ€™ F1 was included for comparison as a salt-tolerant cultivar. The data collected from all salinity treatments across six landraces were used for analysis of variance and principal component analysis (PCA) using SPSS software as well as for obtaining Pearsonâ€™s correlation coefi¬cients (r) among all physiological parameters. Obtained results indicated that averaged all landraces across all treatments, increased NaCl signii¬cantly affected all the parameters measured. In all landraces, salt tolerance index (STI) decreased as the salt concentrations increased. The principal component analysis revealed variations among the traits and determined four main factors that explained 97.53% of the total variance. Simple correlation coefi¬cient analyses showed the existence of signii¬cant positive and negative correlations among characteristics. Our study suggests that the salt tolerance index and principal component analysis can be used as accurate and easy indicators when screening melons for salt tolerance.
Evaluación del medio Chromalbicans Agar para la identificación presuntiva de Candida albicans

: The utility of Chromalbicans Agar (Biolife Italiana, Milano, Italy) was evaluated with 723 clinical isolates and type culture collection strains from different genera including Candida, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Trichosporon y Zygosaccharomyces. Presumptive identification was confirmed by germ tube test and carbohydrate assimilation on API-ATB ID 32C (bioMerieux, France). Growth on Chromalbicans Agar was very useful for the presumptive identification of C. albicans isolates, and sensitivity and specificity values were significantly high (>97%), since a very low number of isolates were found to be false negative or false positive.
Odonata Diversity at University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato

Odonata are good biocontrol agents of agricultural pests and vector mosquitoes and even an indicator of environmental changes and health status of ecosystem. However, there are limited studies that have been conducted especially on lowland ecosystems. The study was conducted using time constraint with 4 exposure hours and opportunistic sampling protocols. Result of the study revealed 13 species of odonata belonging to three families, 2 of which are Zygopterans and only one family belonging to Anisoptera with 11 species. Libellulidae dominates the recorded species. 8 species are found in USMARC and 6 species in housing. One Philippine endemic was documented - Rhinocypha colorata . Diversity is low in the two sampling sites and high disturbance is found in housing (63%). Similarity index showed that 92% are disconcordant species. Low species diversity and low endemism of odonata is an indicator that the area is already disturbed as measured by the high number of common/oriental species and existence of environmental and anthropogenic activities. Thus, a conservation strategy for this important species will be implemented. Keywords: odonata, USM, disturbance, oriental species
Phoretic springtail (Collembola: Sminthuridae) on a false blister beetle (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae) in Eocene Baltic amber

Abstract A fourth specimen of a fossilized phoretic springtail has been observed in Baltic amber. Since the host is a false blister beetle of the genus Oedemera Olivier, 1789, there are implications about the preferred habitat of the phoretic springtail and the preservation allows new insights into the grasping mechanism used by springtails for phoresy.