Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attrition, occlusion, (dys)function, and intervention: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES Attrition and occlusal factors and masticatory function or dysfunction are thought to be related. This study aims to systematically review the literature on this topic with the emphasis to find evidence for occlusion-based treatment protocols for attrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature was searched using PubMed (1980 to 2/2006) and the Cochrane Library of Clinical Trials with the keywords 'tooth' and 'wear'. Five steps were followed. Exclusion was based on the following: (1) reviews, case-reports, studies on non-human tooth material, and studies not published in English and (2) historical or forensic studies. Included were (3) in vivo studies. Next, studies on (4) occlusal factors, function or dysfunction [temporomandibular disorders (TMD), bruxism], or intervention, and (5) attrition were included. Two investigators independently assessed the abstracts; measure of agreement was calculated using Cohen's kappa; disagreement was resolved by discussion. Full-text articles were obtained and correlation between outcomes on occlusal factors, (dys)function, treatment, and attrition were retrieved. References in the papers included in the final analysis were cross-matched with the original list of references to add references that met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The search procedure revealed 1289 references on tooth wear. The numbers of included studies after each step were (1) 345 (kappa=0.8), (2) 287 (kappa=0.87), (3) 174 (kappa=0.99), (4) 81 (kappa=0.71), and (5) 27 (kappa=0.68). Hand searches through the reference lists revealed six additional papers to be included. Analysis of the 33 included papers failed to find sound evidence for recommending a certain occlusion-based treatment protocol above another in the management of attrition. CONCLUSION Some studies reported correlations between attrition and anterior spatial relationships. No studies were found suggesting that absent posterior support necessarily leads to increased attrition, though one study found that fewer number of teeth resulted in higher tooth wear index (on the remaining teeth). Attrition seems to be co-existent with self-reported bruxism. Reports on attrition and TMD signs and symptoms provide little understanding of the relationship between the two.
Ethanol consumption and reward depend on norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex

We studied the involvement of norepinephrine in the medial prefrontal cortex in the rewarding/reinforcing effects of ethanol. We evaluated the effects of norepinephrine selective depletion in the medial prefrontal cortex of C57/BL6J inbred mice that are commonly used in molecular studies and are highly susceptible to the behavioral effects of ethanol. In mice with prefrontal norepinephrine depletion, ethanol did not induce conditioned place preference, and a clear-cut reduction of ethanol consumption and preference was evident. These results indicate that prefrontal norepinephrine transmission is a critical factor in the rewarding/reinforcing effects of ethanol.
Time-Domain Astrophysics with SuperWASP

Abstract SuperWASP is the world's leading ground-based survey for transiting exoplanets. Its database now contains over 300 billion data points covering 30 million unique objects from 10 million images obtained over 1700 nights since 2004. In addition to having discovered 70 transiting exoplanets, SuperWASP enables long-baseline, high-cadence studies of variable stars to be performed. We summarise some of the studies already carried out, and look ahead to the prospects for studying periodic variables with varying periods. The science which is thus supported will include studies of the Blazhko effect in RR Lyræ stars, migrating starspots in rotational variables, third bodies in eclipsing binaries, and coalescing binary stars.
Tenocyte apoptosis in the torn rotator cuff: a primary or secondary pathological event?

Little information exists on the contribution of apoptosis to pathological tendon changes in rotator cuff tendinopathy. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the rate of tenocyte apoptosis in torn supraspinatus tendons and in the matched intact subscapularis and to examine the potential relation between apoptotic index (AI) and tendon pathology. In addition, the authors examined tenocyte density, proliferation rate and p53 gene expression patterns to gain further insight into relevant pathological mechanisms in the torn suprapinatus. 15 torn supraspinatus tendons with matched intact subscapularis tendon samples and 10 reference subscapularis samples were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to define the AI (F7-26), proliferation rate (Ki67) and presence of p53 (M7001). Tendon degeneration was evaluated according to the Bonar scale. Expression of p53 and relevant genes (n=84) was examined on a subset of samples using microfluidic arrays. The AI was significantly increased in torn supraspinatus tendon and matched subscapularis tendon (R2=0.5742; p=0.0005). Cell density and proliferation rate were also elevated in torn supraspinatus compared with reference subscapularis tendons (p<0.05). A significant increase in p53 occurred specifically in torn supraspinatus tendon (p<0.05), and several genes encoding p53-inhibiting proteins were downregulated in association, including HDAC1 (p<0.05), MDM4 (p<0.001) and PPM1D (p<0.05). Our results suggest that tenocyte apoptosis results from more than one mechanism in the injured rotator cuff, including both intrinsic factors related specifically to the torn supraspinatus tendon, as well as a more generalised effect on the adjacent subscapularis tendon.
Attraction and repulsion by life and death in suicidal and in normal children.

Etude controlee des attitudes envers la vie et la mort des enfants suicidaires. La procedure psychometrique mesure quatre facteurs: attirance pour la vie, repulsion pour la vie, attirance pour la mort, repulsion pour la mort. L'intensite de ces attitudes a ete mesuree a l'aide des reponses quantitatives des enfants aux questions qui ont suivi la narration de contes de fees, chaque conte representant une des quatre attitudes
Bedeutung der ERBB-Rezeptorfamilie beim Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase: mRNA-Expression und prognostische Relevanz

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Es sind widersprüchliche Ergebnisse zur (Über)-Expression der Epidermalen Wachstumsfaktoren (ERBB1 – 4) Rezeptoren beim Urothelkarzinom der Harnblase (UCB) beschrieben. EGFR (ERBB1) und HER2 (ERBB2) stellen interessante und bereits bei anderen Entitäten etablierte therapeutische Zielstrukturen dar. Wir untersuchten die Expression von ERBB 1 – 4 auf mRNA-Ebene. Material und Methoden 94 Patienten (w = 22; m = 72; medianes Alter: 66,5 (39 – 88) wurden retrospektiv analysiert. In Zystektomiepräparaten wurde die Expression der ERBB-Familie (ERBB1 – 4) auf RNA-Ebene nach Extraktion aus Formalin-fixiertem und Paraffin-eingebettetem Gewebe bestimmt. Die Genexpression wurde mittels Partitionstest, univariable und multivariable Regressionsanalysen in Assoziation mit histopathologischen Parametern, dem rezidivfreien (RFS) und krebsspezifischen Überleben (CSS) untersucht. Das mediane Follow up betrug 28,2 Monate (0,6 – 139). Ergebnisse Unter Verwendung des für das CSS etablierten Cut off Levels wurde eine Überexpression bei 18 % (ERBB3), 39 % (EGFR), 34 % (HER2, ERBB2), und 30 % (ERBB4) der Patienten beobachtet. In der univariablen Analyse zeigten eine hohe HER2 – (ERBB2-) Expression (p = 0,014), ein höheres pT-Stadium (p = 0,012), ein positiver pN-Status (p = 0,0002) und eine hohe ERBB4-Expression (p = 0,012) eine signifikante Assoziation mit dem RFS. Eine niedrige HER2 – (ERBB2-) Expression (p = 0,042) und ein pN0-Status (p = 0,0003) waren signifikant mit einem längeren CSS assoziiert. Ein positiver pN-Status (p = 0,0011) und eine hohe ERBB4-Expression (p = 0,0073) waren unabhängige Prognosefaktoren für ein reduziertes RFS. Ein positiver pN-Status (p = 0,0016) war ein unabhängiger Prognosefaktor für ein reduziertes CSS. Schlussfolgerungen Eine hohe HER2-Expression ist mit einem reduzierten krankheitsspezifischen Überleben bei Patienten mit UCB nach radikaler Zystektomie assoziiert, zeigte jedoch keinen unabhängigen Prognosewert. Weitere Studien müssen klären, welche Patienten von einer zielgerichteten Therapie gegen HER2 (ERBB2) profitieren könnten.
BAG‐1M is up‐regulated in hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease patients and associates with tau and APP proteins

The accumulation of tau and amyloid beta proteins is the major molecular pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanisms leading to the accumulation of these proteins are not completely clear. Hsc‐70/Hsp‐70, a chaperone protein, has been shown to bind both these proteins and regulate their degradation. We have previously shown that the co‐chaperone protein BAG‐1 can inhibit the degradation of tau by forming a complex with Hsc‐70 and tau. In this current work, we show that there is an increase in the BAG‐1M isoform in the hippocampus of AD patients. In addition, BAG‐1 binds to both tau and amyloid precursor protein physically, and is found highly expressed in the same neurons that contain intracellular tau or amyloid in hippocampal sections from AD patients. Over‐expression of BAG‐1M in cell culture also induced an increase in both tau and amyloid precursor protein levels. In conclusion, we report a specific increase of BAG‐1M in human AD patients, which is both physically and functionally associated to the two major molecular markers of AD.
Algorithmes de bandit pour les systèmes de recommandation : le cas de multiples recommandations simultanées

Les systemes de recommandation (SR) a tirages multiples font reference aux SR qui recommandent plusieurs objets aux utilisateurs. La plupart des SR s'appuient sur des modeles d'apprentissage afin de decider les objets a recommander. Parmi les modeles d'apprentissage, les algorithmes de bandit offrent l'avantage de permettre d'apprendre tout en exploitant les elements deja appris. Les approches actuelles utilisent autant d'instances d'un algorithme de bandit que le SR doit recommander d'objets. Nous proposons au contraire de gerer l'ensemble des recommandations par une seule instance d'un algorithme de bandit pour rendre l'apprentissage plus efficace. Nous montrons sur deux jeux de donnees de references (Movielens et Jester) que notre methode, MPB (Multiple Plays Bandit), permet d'obtenir un temps d'apprentissage jusqu'a treize fois plus rapide tout en obtenant des taux de clics equivalents. Nous montrons egalement que le choix de l'algorithme de bandit utilise influence l'amelioration obtenue.
APOBEC Family Proteins: Novel Antiviral Innate Immunity

APOBEC3G has been identified as an anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) host factor that belongs to the APOBEC superfamily of cytidine deaminases. It deaminates cytidine to uridine in nascent minus-strand viral DNA, inducing G-to-A hypermutation in the plus-strand DNA of HIV-1.The accumulating evidence demonstrates that APOBEC family proteins also have an antiviral activity against a wide variety of viruses, including not only retroviruses but also other types of viruses, and that each virus seems to have its own strategy for escaping from APOBEC proteins. These results suggest that the APOBEC3 family plays an important role in antiviral host defense as an innate immunity. Recent progress in research on APOBEC family proteins is reviewed.
Detection of Mycobacterium marinum in clinically asymptomatic Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) from ornamental fish shops in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand

Anucha Sirimalaisuwan, Pradthana Teeraruk, Penpisoot Kanjanapitakchai, Thattawan Kaewsakhorn, Panyisa Potibut, Surachai Pikulkaew Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2017; 7(6): 344-346
Extinction-Recovery Pattern of Level-Bottom Faunas Across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary in Tibet: Implications for Potential Killing Mechanisms

Abstract Scarcity of fossiliferous boundary sections makes the Triassic-Jurassic biotic crisis the most enigmatic of the five major Phanerozoic faunal turnovers. We report a bivalve-dominated level-bottom fauna from the Triassic-Jurassic transition in southern Tibet, which is unique for two reasons: (1) it documents the faunal turnover across the system boundary without major facies changes, and (2) it provides paleobiological data from the immediate postextinction interval. In the extinction pattern, selectivity against burrowing suspension feeders and taxa with completely aragonitic shells emerges, but no major clades or ecological groups disappeared. The earliest postextinction fauna differs in three significant ways from typical survival faunas of other mass extinction events: (1) it was surprisingly diverse, (2) it was heterogeneous (Simpson D = 0.1078) without dominance of disaster taxa or opportunists, and (3) there was a prevalence of highly specialized, morphologically complex forms reaching normal growth sizes. In spite of these unusual features, extinction of typical Triassic taxa occurred comparatively sharply within the underlying beds. These findings support scenarios of relatively short environmental disturbances triggered by the volcanic activity of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, which led to rapid extinction of taxa but did not impose ongoing environmental stress on the survival fauna. The nearly instantaneous recovery of level-bottom faunas is in sharp contrast to a prolonged reef eclipse, which probably indicates both higher extinction rates of reef-organisms and intrinsic limitations to the tempo of recovery due to their high level of co-evolution.
Emerging developmental model systems

This primer briefly describes four emerging animal model systems that promise to provide insights into specific aspects of developmental biology. Highlighted here are two relatively well‐characterized model systems, Gasterosteus aculeatus (three‐spine stickleback fish) and Schmidtea mediterranea (planarian), as well as two organisms on which research is in its infancy, Carollia perspicillata (short‐tailed fruit bat), and the basal metazoan, Trichoplax adhaerens. Scientists who helped develop these species into model systems discuss why they chose to research these animals. Developmental Dynamics 235:2895–2899, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions between Atazanavir-Ritonavir and Tenofovir in Heavily Pretreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to assess the pharmacokinetic behavior of atazanavir-ritonavir when it is coadministered with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Eleven patients enrolled in Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (National Agency for AIDS Research, Paris, France) trial 107 were included in this pharmacokinetic study. They received atazanavir at 300 mg and ritonavir at 100 mg once a day (QD) from day 1 to the end of study. For the first 2 weeks, their nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) treatments remained unchanged. Tenofovir DF was administered QD from day 15 to the end of the study. Ongoing NRTIs were selected according to the reverse transcriptase genotype of the HIV isolates from each patient. The values of the pharmacokinetic parameters for atazanavir and ritonavir were measured before (day 14 [week 2]) and after (day 42 [week 6]) initiation of tenofovir DF and are reported for the 10 patients who completed the study. There was a significant decrease in the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) for atazanavir with the addition of tenofovir DF (AUC0-24 ratio, 0.75; 90% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.97; P = 0.05). There was a trend for a decrease in the minimum concentrations of atazanavir and ritonavir in plasma when they were combined with tenofovir, but none of the differences reached statistical significance. The median decreases in the HIV RNA loads at week 2 and week 6 were 0.1 and 0.2 log copies/ml, respectively. In summary, our data are consistent with the existence of a significant interaction between atazanavir and tenofovir DF.
Probing the ArcA-P Modulon of Escherichia coli by Whole Genome Transcriptional Analysis and Sequence Recognition Profiling*

The ArcB/ArcA two-component signal transduction system of Escherichia coli regulates gene expression in response to the redox conditions of growth. Over the years, genetic screens have lead to the identification of about 30 ArcA-P-controlled operons that are involved in redox metabolism. However, the discovery of 3 targets that are not implicated in respiratory metabolism (the tra operon for plasmid conjugation, psi site for Xer-based recombination, and oriC site for chromosome replication) suggests that the Arc modulon may comprise additional operons that are involved in a myriad of functions. To identify these operons, we derived the ArcA-P-dependent transcription profile of E. coli using oligonucleotide-based microarray analysis. The findings indicated that 9% of all open reading frames in E. coli are affected either directly or indirectly by ArcA-P. To identify which operons are under the direct control of ArcA-P, we developed the ArcA-P recognition weight matrix from footprinting data and used it to scan the genome, yielding an ArcA-P sequence affinity map. By overlaying both methods, we identified 55 new Arc-regulated operons that are implicated in energy metabolism, transport, survival, catabolism, and transcriptional regulation. The data also suggest that the Arc response pathway, which translates into a net global downscaling of gene expression, overlaps partly with the FNR regulatory network. A conservative but reasonable assessment is that the Arc pathway recruits 100–150 operons to mediate a role in cellular adaptation that is more extensive than hitherto anticipated.
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW MYCOPLASMA SPECIES FROM CAPTIVE AMERICAN ALLIGATORS (ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS)

Abstract Nine of 74 American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from a captive Florida herd of 3–4-m-long, 200–350-kg, adult males greater than 30 yr of age died within a 10-day period during 1995. Nonspecific clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, muscle weakness, paraparesis, bilateral white ocular discharge, and various degrees of periocular, facial, cervical, and limb edema. Pneumonia, pericarditis, and arthritis were found on postmortem evaluation of the spontaneously dead and euthanatized alligators. Rapidly growing mycoplasmas were identified by culture, and mycoplasma nucleotide sequences were identified by polymerase chain reaction testing of fresh lung and synovial fluid from an affected alligator. Culture of banked frozen lung from necropsy specimens and fresh lung and fresh synovial fluid from newly affected alligators confirmed the presence of a new mycoplasma species in seven of eight individuals. Oxytetracycline was administered, but related deaths continued for 6 mo until only 14 of the initial alligators remained. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibody was developed, and the organism was transmitted experimentally to naive juvenile alligators, although the source of the organism, Mycoplasma sp. (ATCC 700619), has not been identified. The alligator isolate is a novel species in the mycoplasma family because its nucleotide sequence does not match those of over 75 characterized mycoplasma species. Such factors as population density, animal age, and mycoplasmal virulence likely contributed to the course of disease.
Spinal cord-fragment interactions following burst fracture: an in vitro model.

OBJECT The purpose of the study was to develop an in vitro model of the bone fragment and spinal cord interactions that occur during a burst fracture and further the understanding of how the velocity of the bone fragment and the status of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) affect the deformation of the cord. METHODS An in vitro model was developed such that high-speed video and pressure measurements recorded the impact of a simulated bone fragment on sections of explanted bovine spinal cord. The model simulated the PLL and the posterior elements. The status of the PLL had a significant effect on both the maximum occlusion of the spinal cord and the time for occlusion to occur. Raising the fragment velocity led to an overall increase in the spinal cord deformation. Interestingly the dura mater appeared to have little or no effect on the extent of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS These findings may indicate the importance of the dura's interaction with the cerebrospinal fluid in protecting the cord during this type of impact.
Remote Natural Language Sampling of Parents and Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of Activity and Language Level

Natural language sampling (NLS) is a common methodology in research and clinical practice used to evaluate a child's spontaneous spoken language in a naturalistic context. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that results in heterogeneous language profiles. NLS has emerged as a useful method for better understanding language use and development in this population. Prior work has examined the effects that contexts (e.g., home, lab) and conversational partners (e.g., examiner, parent) have on childrens language production, but less is known about remote collection of interactions between parents and children with ASD at home. Increasing our understanding of in-home remote NLS with children with ASD will improve naturalistic approaches to language assessment in children with ASD. We analyzed natural language samples of 90 dyads of parents and four- to seven-year old children with ASD collected remotely in the home using items and activities from the family's own home. The 15-min parent-child interactions were transcribed and analyzed for the child's language level measured by the number of different words. We examined the range of activities and the relationship between activities and the child's language level. We found that in-home parent-child activities fell into 13 descriptive categories, but we found no significant difference in child's language level (measured by the mean number of different words) across activities. We found that dyads involving children with higher language levels engaged in significantly fewer different activities compared to children with lower language levels. We found no difference in the number of different words elicited in the five most frequent activities in our sample. These results support the feasibility of remote in-home language sampling. While the types of activities that parent-child dyads engaged in did not affect the richness of language elicited, the number of different activities was associated with the child's language level. Allowing parents to steer children with lower language levels toward more different activities may allow children with lower language to more fully demonstrate their spoken language abilities.