Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Plant Virus Populations: A Valuable Tool for Epidemiological Studies

Plant viruses, as any other living organisms, differ genetically from each other as a result of processes (such as mutation, recombination and other forms of genetic exchange) that generate genetic variation in each generation during their reproduction and processes (such as selection, migration and genetic drift) that modulate this variation, determine the distribution of the genetic variants within a population (i.e., the genetic structure of the population) and how it changes with time, in a dynamical phenomenon called evolution. For plant viruses, evolutionary forces that generate and modulate the genetic diversity of their populations are often associated to different phases in their biology and ecology, such as virus-host interactions and host to host transmission. Forces that shape the evolution of plant viruses are at the same time key factors affecting their pathogenic properties, including their ability to cause diseases (an aspect that is studied in the field of epidemiology). The present chapter aims to illustrate how measurement and analysis of genetic diversity and structure of plant virus populations are essential to the current knowledge on the evolutionary biology of plant viruses and how evolutionary factors have a relevant role in the dynamics of virus populations and therefore, in the epidemiology of plant virus diseases.
Drivers of power line use by white storks: A case study of birds nesting on anthropogenic structures

1. Anthropogenic structures are mainly known to have negative impacts on wildlife populations but they can be beneficial. Power lines are a main driver of bird mor tality through collision or electrocution, but electricity pylons are also commonly used for nest building by some species. Birds and nests cause power outages that need to be tackled by electricity companies. However, the use of pylons by threat ened species provides an opportunity for conservation purposes. 2. In this study, we describe an empirical modelling approach to predict the circum stances under which nesting birds use electricity pylons. We focused on white storks Ciconia ciconia , a species that has been increasingly using electricity pylons for nesting across Europe. 3. In a country- level
Emojis and the performance of humour in everyday electronically-mediated conversation

Emojis are little pictographs commonly added to electronic messages on several social media platforms. Besides being considered as a way to express emotions in electronically-mediated communication (EMC), similarly to ASCII emoticons, emojis are strictly involved in the performance of humour in everyday digital conversation. Drawing on a corpus of casual WhatsApp dyadic chats, this paper analyses the contribution of emojis to humour in conversation. Results show that these pictographs not only help to signal the opening and closing of the play frame, but also to respond to humour, graphically reproducing laughter. For these purposes, the most common emojis employed by WhatsApp users are the popular yellow smiling and laughing faces. Nevertheless, other pictographs are also involved in electronic humour, as less common emojis can be used in playful ways by themselves.
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines pada Kasus Inflasi di Indonesia Tahun 2005-2018

Abstrak. Kegiatan perekonomian suatu negara dipengaruhi oleh inflasi yang terjadi pada negara tersebut. Tingkat inflasi Indonesia yang fluktuatif, cenderung tidak stabil, mempengaruhi kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Sehingga penting untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap inflasi serta pemodelan faktor-faktor berpengaruh tersebut dan hubungannya terhadap inflasi. Mengidentifikasi hubungan inflasi dan faktor penyebabnya dilakukan menggunakan pemodelan Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). MARS merupakan jenis regeresi nonparametrik yang menggabungkan prinsip Recursive Partitioning Regression (RPR) dan spline, fleksibel dalam memodelkan data sehingga memberikan hasil pemodelan data yang cukup akurat serta dapat menangani data berdimensi tinggi, yaitu data dengan jumlah peubah prediktor 3 ≤ x ≤ 20 dan ukuran data sampel 50 ≤ n ≤ 1000. Model MARS diperoleh berdasarkan kombinasi nilai BF, MI, dan MO yang memiliki nilai Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) terkecil. Pada penelitian ini digunakan enam peubah prediktor sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi inflasi dengan data sampel sebesar 168 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peubah Indeks Harga Perdagangan Besar (IHPB), BI Rate, Nilai Tukar IDR-USD, dan Uang Beredar adalah faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap inflasi berdasarkan model terbaik MARS dengan BF=24, MI=3, MO=1, GCV=0,772, MSE=0,391, dan R2=0,968.Kata kunci: Inflasi, MARS, RPR, BF, MI, MO, GCV.
Genetic Diversity of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) in Clonal Seed Orchards in Croatia, Assessed by Nuclear and Chloroplast Microsatellites

background and Purpose: Natural stands of pedunculate oak in Croatia have been delineated in seed areas, zones and regions. The current bylaw recommends that the transfer of reproductive material remains limited within zones, but that it is permitted within areas. Clonal seed orchards (CSOs) of pedunculate oak were established to increase genetic quality of seed and to acquire a more regular seed yield than in natural stands. In total 150 plus trees were selected within three seed regions. The selection included a number of favourable traits of tree size and stem quality. Three CSOs were planted with grafted plus-trees. We aimed to establish whether these orchards encompass enough genetic diversity to potentially produce genetically improved and sufficiently diverse reproductive material. We also wanted to assess neutral genetic differentiation between these orchards and compare it with the genetic diversity obtained from chloroplast DNA markers, depicting conserved lineages from recolonization routes. We wanted to investigate spatial genetic structure in the area of our research and provide additional information on the transfer of forest reproductive material. Materials and Methods: Leaves were collected from all clones in the CSOs. Total genomic DNA was extracted and clones were analysed with eight nuclear and ten chloroplast microsatellite markers. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed with nuclear microsatellite data and original plus trees’ coordinates, for each CSO separately, to determine whether shared favourable traits among the selected plus trees in smaller distances are the results of relatedness, which the sampling strategy tried to avoid. results: We found 28 chloroplast haplotypes belonging to four maternal lineages, and significant differentiation between CSOs, indicating origin from different refuges. Nuclear microsatellites’ diversity in the CSOs is quite high and comparable to diversity found within a recent study of Croatian natural populations. Nuclear microsatellites did not show genetic differentiation between CSOs, i.e. between the seed regions and seed zones they represent. No genetic differentiation was found with nuclear microsatellites among haplotypic lineages. We found no genetic structure within the analysed regions. Conclusions: Lack of differentiation between CSOs found with nuclear microsatellites confirms the permission for transfer of reproductive material between zones within the seed area 1 Lowland Forests. If original differentiation between chloroplast haplotypic lineages was present after recolonization, it was erased by subsequent gene flow. Lack of genetic structure, with nuclear microsatellites within regions indicates successful sampling strategy.
Artificial Intelligence – the EHR savior?

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 International License. S UMMARY Electronic health records have limited humanistic aspects of medicine while further increasing redundancy and are often perceived as counterproductive. Artificial intelligence has the potential to address the gaps by creating a practice of evidence-based, personalized, and cost-effective medicine. It will augment efforts to make electronic health records more streamlined, accessible, and, ironically, less computerized. K E YWORD S electronic health record; artificial intelligence; humanities
Task failure resilience technique for improving the performance of MapReduce in Hadoop

MapReduce is a framework that can process huge datasets in parallel and distributed computing environments. However, a single machine failure during the runtime of MapReduce tasks can increase completion time by 50%. MapReduce handles task failures by restarting the failed task and re‐computing all input data from scratch, regardless of how much data had already been processed. To solve this issue, we need the computed key‐value pairs to persist in a storage system to avoid re‐computing them during the restarting process. In this paper, the task failure resilience (TFR) technique is proposed, which allows the execution of a failed task to continue from the point it was interrupted without having to redo all the work. Amazon ElastiCache for Redis is used as a non‐volatile cache for the key‐value pairs. We measured the performance of TFR by running different Hadoop benchmarking suites. TFR was implemented using the Hadoop software framework, and the experimental results showed significant performance improvements when compared with the performance of the default Hadoop implementation.
Cytology application in the diagnosis of infectious diseases in domestic animals: review.

The diagnostic cytology is extraction of cells from the injured tissue in order to determine the nature of the pathological process involved. More routinely, this technique is used in Ciência Animal, 25; 18-24, 2015 – Edição Especial Ciência Animal, 25(1), 2015 Palestra apresentada no III Congresso Estudantil de Medicina Veterinária da UECE, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil, 08 a 12 de junho de 2015 19 cancer diagnosis, both in human medicine and in veterinary, however, you can extend the diagnostic boundaries in infectious diseases in domestic animals, in view of prior knowledge of the clinical and pathological aspects of the diseases, morphotinctorial well as the characteristics of the agents. For success in the diagnosis, it is necessary to know the basic techniques of collection of biological samples to be analyzed, highlighting the fine-needle aspiration (FNA), imprint and swab. The main agents detectable in cytological examination are bacterial, although it is a minority that can be identified by this technique; fungal, especially yeast and protozoa order. Early information obtained by cytology are valuable enough to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures when the lesions resemble neoplasms. Although the Pap test is effective in the diagnosis of many infectious diseases, this technique should not replace other diagnostic methods such as histopathology, microbiology and immunohistochemistry.
Factors associated with depressive symptoms among the elderly in China: structural equation model

ABSTRACT Objectives: To establish a structural equation model for exploring the direct and indirect relationships of depressive symptoms and their associated factors among the Chinese elderly population. Design: A cross-sectional research. The 2015 data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were adopted. Setting: CHARLS is an ongoing longitudinal study assessing the social, economic, and health status of nationally representative samples of middle-aged and elderly Chinese residents. Participants: A total of 5791 participants aged 60 years and above were included. Measurements: Depressive symptoms were used as the study outcome. Sociodemographic characteristics, poor health status, unhealthy habits, and sleep duration were used as predictors. Confirmatory factor analysis was first conducted to test the latent variables. Structural equation model was then utilized to examine the associations among latent variables and depressive symptoms. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.82 ± 6.86 years, with 55.53% being males. The total prevalence of depressive symptoms was 37.52%. The model paths indicated that sociodemographic characteristics, poor health status, unhealthy habits, and sleep duration were directly associated with depressive symptoms, and the effects were 0.281, 0.509, −0.067, and −0.162, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics, unhealthy habits, and sleep duration were indirectly associated with depressive symptoms, mediating by poor health status. Their effects on poor health status were −0.093, 0.180, and −0.279, respectively. All paths of the model were significant (P < 0.001). The model could explain 40.9% of the variance in the depressive symptoms of the Chinese elderly population. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics, poor health status, unhealthy habits, and sleep duration among Chinese elderly population. The dominant predictor of depressive symptoms was poor health status. Targeting these results might be helpful in rationally allocating health resources during screening or other mental health promotion activities for the elderly.
Temporal and spatial scales of water temperature variability as an indicator for mixing in a polymictic lake

Abstract We applied coarse spectral analysis to more than 2 decades of daily near-surface water temperature (WT) measurements from Müggelsee, a shallow polymictic lake in Germany, to systematically characterize patterns in WT variability from daily to yearly temporal scales. Comparison of WT with local air temperature indicates that the WT variability patterns are likely attributable to both meteorological forcing and internal lake dynamics. We identified seasonal patterns of WT variability and showed that WT variability increases with increasing Schmidt stability, decreasing Lake number and decreasing ice cover duration, and is higher near the shore than in open water. We introduced the slope of WT spectra as an indicator for the degree of lake mixing to help explain the identified temporal and spatial scales of WT variability. The explanatory power of this indicator in other lakes with different mixing regimes remains to be established.
Doping Practices, Knowledge of Anti-Doping Control and Roles of Physical Education Teachers in Anti-Doping Education

The role of coaches in promoting anti-doping education among athletes is well researched in the western world. The present study examined the role of Physical Education (P.E.) teachers in anti-doping education in Ghana under doping practices, knowledge of anti-doping control and the importance of doping education in training programmes among student-athletes. Semi-structured interviews involving eleven P.E. teachers aged 31-46 who coached all the sporting disciplines in Senior High Schools-football, handball, netball, hockey, volleyball, table tennis, badminton and athletics were conducted. Based on the preliminary results, additional information was requested from 10 student-athletes on the use of doping products and the harmful effects. The interviews were transcribed, and the data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that although coaches and athletes are aware of the effects of doping, the effort to promote anti-doping education have been met with resistance as students claimed P.E. teachers are not health professionals. To be recognised as the best, P.E. teachers were also found culpable of aiding students to use banned performance-enhancing drugs during competitions. A worrying picture of the present study is the sale of drugs to people especially the youths without prescriptions. This has not led only to loss of lives, but to an increase in doping cases, as students can easily have access to drugs that can be used in doping. The present study proposes recommendations and suggestions to the political stakeholder, based on its findings.
Differences in Blossom-end Rot Resistance in Tomato Cultivars is Associated with Total Ascorbate rather than Calcium Concentration in the Distal End Part of Fruits per se

Calcium is widely accepted as the main factor responsible for blossom-end rot (BER) appearance in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage plant tissues have also been proposed to initiate BER appearance in tomatoes and other fruit-bearing vegetables. Ascorbate, the major antioxidant in tomato fruit, is generally lower during green fruit development, which corresponds to the stage of BER appearance. Accordingly, one hypothesis is that tomato cultivars with a lower susceptibility to BER under salt stress have higher ascorbate contents and thus better control of ROS levels. In this study, to clarify the relationship between BER incidence and oxidative stress, two BER resistant cultivars, ‘Managua RZ’ and ‘House Momotaro’ and one BER-susceptible cultivar ‘Reiyoh’, were cultivated under salinity or standard nutrient solution (control) conditions. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, total hydro-soluble antioxidants, and ascorbate concentrations were measured in the distal pericarp 1 to 2 days prior to symptom appearance and during symptom appearance in healthy and affected fruits. When salt stress was applied, only BER-resistant cultivars showed a significant increase in ascorbate contents prior to BER appearance as compared with their levels under the control condition. In contrast, pre-BER Ca 2+ concentrations did not associate with the BER susceptibility of each cultivar. Interestingly, ‘Reiyoh’ showed much higher K + /Ca 2+ and (K + +Mg 2+ )/Ca 2+ ratios than the two other cultivars in healthy fruits due to a strong tendency towards lowered Ca 2+ concentrations. A similar tendency was also observed in apple “bitter pit”. The ability to increase the fruit antioxidant capacity and maintain mineral balance under salt stress conditions may explain the resistance to BER development in highly resistant cultivars, probably by the avoidance of oxidative-induced cell necrosis and stabilization of the cell membranes, respectively.
Salicylic Glycosides in Salix mucronata with Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities

The leaves of Salix mucronata (safsaf willow), widely distributed along the Nile River in Egypt, is used in traditional medicine. This prompted us to examine the bioactive components in its leaves using in-vitro antioxidant and antiinflammatory assays. Bioassay-guided purification of the methanolic extract afforded six known phenolic compounds (1-6). Hexane extract did not contain bioactive compounds except chlorophyll. Pure isolates 1-3 and 6 inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 56-86% at 5 μg/mL and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and -2) by 22-75% at 25 μg/mL. This is the first report on the bioassay-guided characterization of constituents in S. mucronata leaves. Our results support the anecdotal medicinal claims of safsaf leaves.
THE IDIOMATIC CONSTRUCTIONS OF ”BAPAK” IN BAHASA INDONESIA

This research aimed to describe the idiomatic constructions of lexeme of BAPAK in Bahasa Indonesia (BI). The language description method used in this study was adopted from the semantic analysis model suggested by Langlotz (2006). The sources of the data were the corpus websites that provided the BI data-set. Observation was used to collect the data and a distributional technique was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis described that the idiomatic constructions of lexeme of BAPAK had two patterns of constructions and three types of proposition that were embedded in them. Thus, it can be inferred that the idiomatic constructions of BAPAK can be described through their structural patterns and types of proposition.
Seven rules for simulations in paleobiology

Abstract. Simulations are playing an increasingly important role in paleobiology. When designing a simulation study, many decisions have to be made and common challenges will be encountered along the way. Here, we outline seven rules for executing a good simulation study. We cover topics including the choice of study question, the empirical data used as a basis for the study, statistical and methodological concerns, how to validate the study, and how to ensure it can be reproduced and extended by others. We hope that these rules and the accompanying examples will guide paleobiologists when using simulation tools to address fundamental questions about the evolution of life.
The effect of school intervention programs on the body mass index of adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Effective obesity interventions in adolescent populations have been identified as an immediate priority action to stem the increasing prevalence of adult obesity. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to make a quantitative analysis of the impact of school-based interventions on body mass index during adolescence. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science databases. Results were pooled using a random-effects model with 95% confidence interval considered statistically significant. Of the 18 798 possible relevant articles identified, 12 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The global result showed a low magnitude effect, though it was statistically significant (N = 14 428), global e.s. = -0.055, P = 0.004 (95% CI = -0.092, -0.017). Heterogeneity was low among the studies (I2 = 9.017%). The funnel plot showed no evidence of publication bias. The rank-correlation test of Begg (P = 0.45641) and Egger's regression (P = 0.19459) confirmed the absence of bias. This meta-analysis reported a significant effect favoring the interventions; however, future research are needed since the reported the evidence was of low magnitude, with the studies following a substantial range of approaches and mostly had a modest methodological quality.
A molecular genetic analysis of kinship in free-living groups of sperm whales.

Mature female sperm whales (Physeter macroephalus) are found in socially cohesive groups of 10-30, including immature whales of both sexes, within which there is apparent communal care of calves. The goal of this thesis was to investigate patterns of kinship within such groups in order to better understand the genetic basis for sperm whale sociality. For the molecular genetic analysis, highly polymorphic DNA markers were developed by cloning and sequencing eleven microsatellite loci from sperm whales. Primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were successfully developed for amplification of alleles at five of these loci. Additionally, primers for PCR-amplification of the male-specific SRY gene were developed for molecular sexing. The sexing data revealed that one microsatellite marker was X-linked. To investigate social structure, free-living groups of whales found off the mainland coast of Ecuador were studied with non-invasive techniques. Social groups were delineated from photographic identifications of individuals and direct observations of behavioural interactions. DNA was obtained from several samples of skin naturally sloughed by whales; a large number of samples were collected from three distinct groups. Molecular sexing showed that all groups contained mostly females. Kinship was demonstrated by the non-random distribution of microsatellite allele variation within social groups. Several indices of allele sharing were higher amongst individuals within the same group than amongst individuals in different groups. Simulation modelling suggested that the observed groups were matrilineal in structure with restricted dispersal of females. Based on the sex ratio data, males were estimated to disperse from their natal groups at about age six years. The evidence for genetic relatedness described here indicates that kin selection may have been important in the social evolution of sperm whales.