Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Adaptive EEG Source Separation Using Online Recursive Independent Component Analysis

Independent component analysis (ICA) has been widely applied to electroencephalographic (EEG) biosignal processing and brain-computer interfaces. The practical use of ICA, however, is limited by its computational complexity, data requirements for convergence, and assumption of data stationarity, especially for high-density data. Here we study and validate an optimized online recursive ICA algorithm (ORICA) with online recursive least squares (RLS) whitening for blind source separation of high-density EEG data, which offers instantaneous incremental convergence upon presentation of new data. Empirical results of this study demonstrate the algorithm's: 1) suitability for accurate and efficient source identification in high-density (64-channel) realistically-simulated EEG data; 2) capability to detect and adapt to nonstationarity in 64-ch simulated EEG data; and 3) utility for rapidly extracting principal brain and artifact sources in real 61-channel EEG data recorded by a dry and wearable EEG system in a cognitive experiment. ORICA was implemented as functions in BCILAB and EEGLAB and was integrated in an open-source Real-time EEG Source-mapping Toolbox (REST), supporting applications in ICA-based online artifact rejection, feature extraction for real-time biosignal monitoring in clinical environments, and adaptable classifications in brain-computer interfaces.
Lung cancer incidence among an Icelandic cohort exposed to diatomaceous earth and cristobalite.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the cancer incidence of a cohort exposed to diatomaceous earth and cristobalite with special focus on lung cancer. METHODS The cohort was from a diatomaceous plant in northern Iceland and comprised 919 men and 423 women. Diatomite, when heated, is transformed from amorphous to crystalline silica with a high cristobalite content and traces of quartz. With the use of the identification number of all persons, a link was made with the Cancer Registry. The expected number of malignancies was calculated on the basis of person-years of observation for 5-year age categories during the respective calendar period of the study multiplied by the specific incidence of cancer site for men and women in Iceland. RESULTS There was no increased overall incidence of cancer in the study population; 5 cases of lung cancer were observed versus 4.4 expected, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.14 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.37-2.65]. When the men in the cohort were divided according to their length of employment, there was an excess of lung cancer (3 observed versus 1.28 expected, SIR 2.34, 95% CI 0.48-6.85), nonmelanoma skin cancer (2 observed versus 0.19 expected, SIR 10.53, 95% CI 1.27-38.02), and brain cancer (3 observed versus 0.30 expected, SIR 10.00, 95% CI 2.06-29.23) for those who had worked 5 years or longer. A special investigation of smoking habits among the cohort revealed a smoking pattern similar to that of the general population. CONCLUSION The results concerning lung cancer showed an excess risk for workers exposed to diatomaceous earth and cristobalite; the result was not, however, statistically significant. There was a trend towards a higher incidence of lung cancer with longer exposure to crystalline silica, and, in agreement with the results of a previous study from this industry, the findings indicate a causal relation.
p27Kip1 Regulates T Cell Proliferation*

Our studies addressed the mechanism by which serum acts in conjunction with T cell receptor (TCR) agonists to promote the proliferation of primary splenic T cells. When added to resting splenocytes, TCR agonists initiated G0/G1 traverse and activated cyclin D3-cdk6 complexes in a serum-independent manner. On the other hand, both TCR agonists and 10% serum were required for the activation of cyclin E-cdk2 and cyclin A-cdk2 complexes and the entry of cells into S phase. Serum facilitated cdk2 activation by maximizing the extent and extending the duration of the TCR-initiated down-regulation of the cdk2 inhibitor, p27Kip1. Although p27Kip1 levels were reduced (albeit submaximally) in cells stimulated in serum-deficient medium, nearly all of the cdk2 complexes in these cells contained p27Kip1. In contrast, in cells receiving TCR agonist and 10% serum, little if any p27Kip1was present in cyclin-cdk2 complexes. Unlike wild-type splenocytes, p27Kip1-null splenocytes did not require serum for cdk2 activation or S phase entry whereas loss of the related cdk2 inhibitor, p21Cip1, did not override the serum dependence of these responses. We also found that cdk2 activation was both necessary and sufficient for maximal expression of cdk2 protein. These studies provide a mechanistic basis for the serum dependence of T cell mitogenesis.
Congenital Anorectal Malformations: Anything New?

Management of anorectal malformations, especially that of proximal and more severe forms have developed significantly in the last 25 years. Echography and magnetic resonance imaging have improved the diagnostic accuracy, especially in terms of associated anomalies that are the main cause of fatalities among patients with anorectal malformations. Animal models, novel molecular biological techniques and knock-out gene models have widened our knowledge on aetiology and pathogenesis of these anomalies. From early 1980s, the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty originally designed by deVries and Pena has systematized the surgical management of anorectal anomalies leading to improved functional outcomes. Surgical mini-invasive techniques are increasingly applied to the management of these anomalies, although their role is as yet not clearly established. Long-term functional follow data are also available today indicating a reasonable favourable faecal and urinary control in the majority of patients with anorectal malformations. For the patients with less favourable functional outcome there are bowel and bladder management options that provide sufficient social continence.
Metabolic complications of antiretroviral therapy in children

Survivalin HIV-infected children has greatly improved with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Children are more vulnerable than adults to metabolic side effects of therapy because of its potential impact on growth and the children’s likely greater cumulative exposure. This review summarizes the epidemiology and management of lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperlactatemia, osteopenia and growth failure in HIV-infected children.
Regulated expression of a chimeric histone gene introduced into mouse fibroblasts

The regulated expression of a mouse histone gene was studied by DNA-mediated gene transfer. A chimeric H3 histone gene was constructed by fusing the 5' and 3' portions of two different mouse H3 histone genes. Transfection of the chimeric gene into mouse fibroblasts resulted in the production of chimeric mRNA at levels nearly equal to that of the total endogenous H3 histone mRNAs. Most chimeric RNA transcripts had correct 5' and 3' termini, and the chimeric mRNA was translated into an H3.1 protein that accumulated in the nucleus of the transfected cells. Expression of the chimeric gene was studied under several conditions in which the rate of transcription and the stability of endogenous H3 transcripts change. Chimeric mRNA levels were regulated in parallel with endogenous H3 mRNAs, suggesting that cis-acting regulatory sequences lie within or near individual histone genes. In addition to correctly initiated and terminated chimeric mRNA, we also detected a novel H3 transcript containing an additional 250 bases at the 3' end. Surprisingly, the longer transcript is polyadenylated and accumulates in the cytoplasm.
The Economics of Crowdsourcing: A Theory of Disaggregated Labor Markets

What protects anonymous individuals from appropriation in disaggregated labor markets? A new kind of economic organization is emerging: the information-processing disaggregated labor market. In these online markets, which are organized by for-profit firms acting as labor market intermediaries, workers are freelancers who perform tasks for requesters for either hourly rates or piece rates, sometimes with incentives for quality or speed. Somewhat ironically, these very new labor markets most resemble the simplest models of labor markets. The sociological and psychological aspects of traditional work relationships are largely absent: work is proposed on take-it-or-leave-it terms, and workers accept or reject offers based only on the onerousness of the work and the pay. There are no compensating differentials or benefits, no unions, no career concerns, and so on. What kinds of contractual mechanisms prevent the hold-up problem that would otherwise cause the market to unravel? Does the fixed price vs. cost plus nature of transactions in different disaggregated labor markets explain the contractual mechanisms that are actually observed? This paper presents some descriptive facts and a simple model illustrating the role of market design for these disaggregated labor markets.
Relationship between Speech Production and Perception in People Who Stutter

Speech production difficulties are apparent in people who stutter (PWS). PWS also have difficulties in speech perception compared to controls. It is unclear whether the speech perception difficulties in PWS are independent of, or related to, their speech production difficulties. To investigate this issue, functional MRI data were collected on 13 PWS and 13 controls whilst the participants performed a speech production task and a speech perception task. PWS performed poorer than controls in the perception task and the poorer performance was associated with a functional activity difference in the left anterior insula (part of the speech motor area) compared to controls. PWS also showed a functional activity difference in this and the surrounding area [left inferior frontal cortex (IFC)/anterior insula] in the production task compared to controls. Conjunction analysis showed that the functional activity differences between PWS and controls in the left IFC/anterior insula coincided across the perception and production tasks. Furthermore, Granger Causality Analysis on the resting-state fMRI data of the participants showed that the causal connection from the left IFC/anterior insula to an area in the left primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus) differed significantly between PWS and controls. The strength of this connection correlated significantly with performance in the perception task. These results suggest that speech perception difficulties in PWS are associated with anomalous functional activity in the speech motor area, and the altered functional connectivity from this area to the auditory area plays a role in the speech perception difficulties of PWS.
(E)-Methyl 1,3-thiazol-2-yl ketone 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone

Crystals of the title compound, C11H9N5O4S, were obtained from a condensation reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and methyl 1,3-thiazol-2-yl ketone. Excluding two methyl H atoms, the molecule displays a planar structure, the dihedral angle between the terminal thiazole and benzene rings being 1.82 (8)°. The imino group links with adjacent nitro and thiazole groups by intramolecular bifurcated hydrogen bonding. The centroid–centroid separation of 3.7273 (11) Å between nearly parallel benzene and thiazole rings of adjacent molecules indicates the existence of π–π stacking in the crystal structure. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding is also observed.
Corporate message strategies for global CSR campaigns: The mediating role of perceived altruism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine multinational corporations’ (MNCs) response strategy in social media to effectively communicate their international CSR practices. Design/methodology/approach An experiment was conducted by adopting a case of an MNC’s globalized CSR campaign in United Arab Emirates. The interaction effects of corporate communication strategy and company’s response sidedness were examined as well as a mediating role of the perceived altruism. Findings The current study suggests how two-sided response strategy can be applied and benefits MNCs’ international CSR campaigns. The findings demonstrate that a company’s two-sided response helps to increase people’s attitude toward the company and word-of-mouth intention through enhanced perceived altruism when the company has no prior CSR experience in a host country. Practical implications The current study provides insights on how to respond to negative publicity in social media. MNCs are suggested to use different response strategies based on their prior CSR experience in a host country. Originality/value The success of CSR depends on how consumers take the message and perceive a company’s motive of CSR. The current study examines how to best respond to the consumers’ criticism by utilizing message sidedness strategies depending on the company’s presence of CSR.
Social Regeneration and Cooperative Institutions

The objective of this chapter is to identify institutional solutions to the interrelated issues of social degradation and inequality. We build on the idea that the richness and poverty of social relations, and the outcomes that originate from this are in part caused by the unequal distribution of income and wealth, but also by the type of socio-economic institutions that a society gives itself and the behavioural attitudes associated with them. We discuss how, by reinstating cooperation and inclusion strategies within economic institutions, it becomes possible to deal with and balance at the same time individual behaviours and distributional issues. The paper builds on Ostrom's theory of commons and offers a framework that links institutional choices and reduction of social poverty.
Provision of information support by pedestrian-to-vehicle communication system

We propose a prototype of pedestrian-to-vehicle communication system using both 3G wireless network and wireless LAN for improving pedestrian safety. The system can exchange information between pedestrians and vehicles and give information support to drivers and pedestrians by estimating the collision risk between each pedestrian and vehicle. The effectiveness of information support was verified by a sensory test. The result of an experiment in an intersection where visibility is bad showed that the optimal timing for information provision differs between the pedestrian and the driver and depends largely on the traveling direction of the vehicle and the pedestrian at the intersection.
Thrombospondin Receptor (CD36) Expression of Human Keratinocytes during Wound Healing in a SCID Mouse/Human Skin Repair Model

Using a human skin/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) chimeric mouse model, we examined the keratinocyte expression of the thrombospondin receptor (CD36) and its ligand thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1) in acute uninflamed wounds. Positive suprabasal keratinocyte expression of CD36 was observed as early as 30 minutes after wounding in the adjacent, intact epidermis; it disappeared 4 days later. Keratinocytes of the freshly re‐epithelised wounds and those of the surrounding epidermis remained TSP1‐negative throughout the whole observation period of 7 days. Our results indicate that CD36‐positive keratinocytes, probably in connection with activated, TSP1‐positive thrombocytes, may play an important role in the early phase of wound healing.
Connections between 3′‐end processing and DNA damage response

The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) involves changes in the functional and structural properties of a number of nuclear proteins, resulting in a coordinated control of gene expression and DNA repair. This response includes functional interactions of the DNA repair, transcription, and RNA processing machineries. Following DNA damage, cellular levels of polyadenylated transcripts are transiently decreased and normal recovery depends on transcription‐coupled repair (TCR). In addition, DNA damage has gene‐specific effects regulating the mRNA levels of factors involved in the DDR itself at different times after the damage. The 3′‐end processing machinery, which is important in the regulation of mRNA stability, is involved in these general and gene‐specific responses to DNA damage. The role of 3′‐end processing in DDR supports the idea that the steady‐state levels of different mRNAs change upon DNA‐damaging conditions as a result of regulation of not only their biosynthesis but also their turnover. Here, we review the mechanistic connections between 3′‐end processing and DDR, and discuss the implications of deregulation of this important step of mRNA maturation in the cellular recovery after DNA‐damaging treatment. The relevance of these functional connections is illustrated by the increasing number of reports on this relatively unexplored field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphedema

An important sequela of cancer treatment is lymphedema. Management of this condition must be based on the physiologic functioning of the lymphatic system and tailored to the individual patient's presentation of the disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent worsening of the condition and to help assuage the psychologic impact of the disease. A review of the normal and impaired lymphatic system is presented in this article. Current assessment and treatment options are described, including education of patients in precautions, positioning, exercise, compression garments and bandages, pneumatic pumps, and lymphatic massage. Also included is a discussion of the psychologic impact of the disease as well as management of psychologic symptoms. Various strategies for management of the physical aspects of lymphedema are available. Studies have shown that use of physical treatments such as exercise, compression, and lymphatic massage are effective in reducing the amount of swelling in affected limbs. The specific type, amount, and combination of these treatments continues to be debated. The development of lymphedema is commonly associated with significant psychologic distress that can impact on compliance with physical treatments. Because there is no consensus as to the optimal treatment approach for management of lymphedema, additional research must ensue to determine the efficacy of existing treatments and to develop new management techniques. Clinicians must be attuned to the signs and symptoms of lymphedema in order to make prompt referrals for treatment. Cancer 2001;92:980–7. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Identification of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections by a marker associated with rheumatic fever.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to determine whether a trait marker of rheumatic fever susceptibility (labeled D8/17) could identify children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders (obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders) associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). METHOD Blood samples obtained from 27 children with PANDAS, nine children with Sydenham's chorea, and 24 healthy children were evaluated for D8/17 reactivity. Individuals were defined as D8/17 positive if they had 12% or more D8/17+ cells. RESULTS The frequency of D8/17-positive individuals was significantly higher in both patient groups than it was among the healthy volunteers: 85% of the children with PANDAS and 89% of the children with Sydenham's chorea, compared with 17% of the healthy children, were D8/17 positive. Further, the mean number of D8/17+ cells was similar in the two patient groups and was significantly higher in these groups than in the group of healthy children. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that there may be a subgroup of D8/17-positive children who present with clinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's syndrome, rather than Sydenham's chorea, but who have similar poststreptococcal autoimmunity.
Physical Health of Mothers with HIV/AIDS and the Mental Health of Their Children

ABSTRACT. A longitudinal study was conducted on the psychological well-being of 81 young children (mean age = 8.8 years) living with mothers with AIDS or HIV-infected mothers with symptomatic disease. The relationship between mothers' physical health and children's psychological well-being was investigated. The children were assessed at seven time points over approximately 6 years. Individual growth models were estimated for children's depression, anxiety, and aggressiveness in relation to: mothers' viral load (medical records) and physical functioning, number of HIV-related physical symptoms, and medical visits due to illness (self-report). Results showed significant linear declines in children's depression, anxiety, and aggressiveness over time. Lower levels of physical functioning and more physical symptoms among mothers were associated with higher levels of children's depression, anxiety, and aggressiveness at baseline. Lower levels of physical functioning and more physical symptoms among mothers were associated with initially high but more rapidly decreasing levels of depression among children. However, mothers who began the study in better health appear to have changed in health more quickly than mothers who began the study in poorer health. Thus, stability in mothers' health appears to be associated with a more rapid improvement in children's mental health over time. Our findings suggest that the measures representing observable levels of, and changes in, mothers' health that are most likely to be directly experienced by themselves and their children are the measures that are most predictive of changes in children's mental health over time.
A Local Oscillator Leakage Signal Eliminating Circuit for Direct Quadrature Up-conversion Transmitters

In this paper, we described a method to solve the local oscillator (LO) leakage problem of direct quadrature upconversion transmitters (DCTs). Comparing to traditional superheterodyne transmitters, DCTs have made great breakthroughs in dimension, power consumption and cost, but its performance will be worsened critically by LO leakage signal. To solve the DCT LO leakage problem, we provide a set of circuits which is uniquely based on I,Q signal DC offsets adjustments. The circuits can be applied in the field of multi-carrier and multi-mode transmitters of mobile phone and wireless area networks etc. The experiment results indicate that after the application of the LO leakage signal eliminating circuit, the LO leakage signal is suppressed to the level of -47 dBc with the improvement of 9 dB comparing to the case without the eliminating circuit.
Group-level analysis on multiplayer game collaboration: how do the individuals shape the group interaction?

In this study, the aim was to examine how small-group collaboration is shaped by individuals interacting in a virtual multiplayer game. The data were collected from a design experiment in which six randomly divided groups of four university students played a voice-enhanced game lasting about 1 h. The ‘eScape’ game was a social action adventure developed as a part of the study. In the analysis of the video data, students' discourse functions during the game were analysed with content analytic methods for studying the nature of their interaction. An effort was made to analyse the data on both group and individual levels, and therefore the participants' prior social ties and experience in gaming were studied as well. The results showed that the students' main discourse functions in their conversation were Question, Content Statement, Instruction or Order and Response. It was found that individual students, especially those with prior knowledge of gaming or prior social ties, can have a major impact on the social interaction and the outcome of collaboration. It can be concluded that the eScape game allowed the students to engage in true and constructive collaborative activity, and in the future multiplayer games could be used, for example, to promote group cohesion and development, when employed in a pedagogically meaningful manner.