Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uniform turn-on in four-layer diodes

The turn-on characteristics of 200-volt four-layer diodes have been investigated as a function of the rate of rise of the applied voltage close to the breakover point. A fast rate of rise of the order of kv/µsec allows bringing the voltage up to, or higher than, the designed avalanche voltage of the center junction, even if localized spots having a lower breakdown voltage are present. Such spots, possibly due to crystalline defects, surface conditions and statistical or accidental variations of impurity concentration, may lead to localized turn-on and possible burn out. There is experimental evidence that a fast rate of rise results in uniform turn-on and allows current densities up to 55,000 a/cm2without damaging the device.
A practical method of designing RC active filters

IN THE FREQUENCY range below about 30 cps, the dissipation factors of available inductors are generally too large to permit the practical design of inductance-capacitance (LC) or resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) filter networks. The circuits described in the following pages were developed and collected to provide an alternative method of realizing sharp cut-off filters at very low frequencies. In many cases the active elements can be simple cathode-follower circuits that have stable gain, low output impedance and a large dynamic range.
Differential leakage of a fractional slot winding

WHEN the conditions for balance are satisfied, a fractional-slot lap winding can be laid out in many different patterns, all of which are balanced. The usual pattern is that for maximum distribution factor of the main wave. If this pattern is called the “basic,” all other patterns can be derived from this one by cyclic shifts of coils from one phase to the other within the same repeatable group. The distribution factor of the main wave of the derived patterns, that is, of the patterns with cyclic shift of coils, is always smaller than that of the basic layout. As regards the distribution factors of the harmonics of the derived patterns, some are smaller and some larger than those of the basic pattern.
Decoding Technology Transfer through Experiences at Microsoft

Technology transfer is an important form of collaboration between software engineering researchers and industrial practitioners. Despite benefits to both parties, it remains a huge challenge to carry out a technology transfer successfully. Based on the experiences at Microsoft, this talk discusses some key aspects in technology transfer, including technology readiness, partnership building, and one team as collaboration model.
Reactance and skin effect of concentric tubular conductors

THE concentric arrangement of tubular conductors to carry heavy alternating currents gives compactness, low reactance drop, and reduced loss from skin effect or crowding of the current to the surface of the conductors. This arrangement is being used to a considerable extent.12 In this paper formulas and curves are given to enable the reactance and the skin-effect resistance ratio of such conductors to be determined for three-phase and single-phase circuits.
Binary Data Transmission Techniques for Linear Systems

The linearity and highly stable frequency characteristics of modern single-sideband equipment make possible improvements in the frequency spectrum utilization and performance of binary data transmission systems. Problems associated with fully utilizing the binary data transmission potential of an SSB voice channel are discussed. These problems include consideration of frequency and phase stability of the SSB equipment and the propagation media, multipath reception of signals, delay distortion within the voice channel, maximum performance in the presence of noise, and maximum spectrum utilization. Equipment designed to transmit 3000 bits per second over a SSB voice channel is described. Comparative performance data with standard systems are included.
Systems and cybernetics: Tools of the discipline are progressing from the inspirational to the practical

Be they living animals, machine systems, or human societies, the internal control and communication functions can be broken down and studied with the tools of systems engineering and cybernetics. This is a diverse field encompassing (a) integration of communication, control, cybernetics, and systems theories; (b) development of systems engineering technology; and (c) practical applications at both the hardware and software levels.
Comment on "Route from discreteness to the continuum for the Tsallis q-entropy".

Several years ago, it had been discussed that nonlogarithmic entropies, such as the Tsallis q-entropy cannot be applied to systems with continuous variables. Now, in their recent paper [Phys. Rev. E 97, 012104 (2018)10.1103/PhysRevE.97. 012104], Oikonomou and Bagci have modified the form of the q-entropy for discrete variables in such a way that its continuum limit exists. Here, it is shown that this modification violates the expandability property of entropy, and their work is actually supporting evidence for the absence of the q-entropy for systems with continuous variables.
Pas de deux: Shape the Circuits, and Shape the Apps too!

Despite continued efforts toward building high bandwidth, low cost datacenter networks with reconfigurable optical fabrics, the impact of optical networks on datacenter applications has received little attention. Given the constraints of optical networks and the semantics of datacenter applications, we believe the network-application intersection to be the next innovation hotspot. In this paper, we specifically focus on data-parallel applications for two primary reasons: they are a natural fit to exploit high bandwidth optical fabrics, and they often form structured communication patterns or coflows. We show that configuring circuits in reaction to changing traffic patterns is not enough. Efficient scheduling of even a single coflow in optical networks should be a "Pas de deux"1 -- a joint shaping of not only the underlying circuit, but also the application's traffic demand. Our preliminary evaluation with a production trace shows that joint shaping is on average within 1.18x of the optimal and performs 30% better than solutions that configure circuits in application-agnostic fashions. We further extend our analysis to inter-coflow scheduling and propose a layered solution that jointly considers circuit reconfiguration, coflow prioritization, as well as flow rate and route assignments.
Frequency Modulation Noise Characteristics

Theory and experimental data are given which show the improvements in signal-noise ratio effected by frequency modulation over amplitude modulation. It is shown that above a certain carrier-noise ratio in the frequency modulation receiver which is called the "improvement threshold," the frequency modulation signal-noise ratio is greater than the amplitude modulation signal-noise ratio by a factor equal to the product of a constant and the deviation ratio (the deviation ratio is equal to the ratio between the maximum frequency deviation and the audio modulation band width). The constant depends upon the type of noise, being slightly greater for impulse than for fluctuation noise. In frequency modulation systems with high deviation ratios, a higher carrier level is required to reach the improvement threshold than is required in systems with low deviation ratios; this carrier level is higher for impulse than for fluctuation noise. At carrier-noise ratios below the improvement threshold, the peak signal-noise ratio characteristics of the frequency modulation receiver are approximately the same as those of the amplitude modulation receiver, but the energy content of the frequency modulation noise is reduced. An effect which is called "frequency limiting" is pointed out in which the peak value of the noise is limited to a value not greater than the peak value of the signal. With impulse noise this phenomenon effects a noise suppression in a manner similar to that in the recent circuits for reducing impulse noise which is stronger than the carrier in amplitude modulation reception.
High-performance planar inductor on thick oxidized porous silicon (OPS) substrate

To obtain a high-performance planar inductor, we used the oxidized porous silicon (OPS) layer with 25-μm-thick SiO2 as substrate. The measured radio frequency (RP) performances of the planar Inductor on the OPS layer are comparable to those on the semi-insulating GaAs substrate. For a 6.29 nH inductor, resonant frequency of 13.8 GHz and maximum quality factor (Q) of 13.3 are obtained. These results show that the utilisation of the OPS layer can push silicon passive monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology at least up to 12 GHz.
Effect of Telehealth System on Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Objective: A close diabetes team-patient relationship is required for establishing satisfactory metabolic control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a telehealth system on diabetes control. Methods: The study was carried out between June 2015 and January 2016 at the Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology Department. The telehealth system was developed by the diabetes team. The demographic characteristics, frequency of use and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) changes of type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients using this communication network were analysed. Results: Eighty two patients [43 (52.4%) females, mean (±standard deviation) age 10.89±4 years] used the telehealth system. Fourteen (17.1%) of the cases were on pump therapy and 59 (72.0%) were counting carbohydrates. The individuals with diabetes or their families preferred WhatsApp communication. Whatsapp provided a means for instant messaging in most instances (57.3%), contact with diabetes education nurse (32.9%) and consultation with the diabetes team about insulin doses and blood glucose regulation (42.7%). HbA1c values after six months were significantly lower in patients/parents calling frequently (p<0.001) compared with HbA1c values recorded at the beginning of the study. Conclusion: Increase in frequency of counselling by the diabetes team led to improved blood glucose control in T1DM patients. A telehealth system is useful for early detection of the need for changes in treatment and for intervention. It also promoted better self care.
Exercise can improve sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Insomnia is common. However, no systematic reviews have examined the effect of exercise on patients with primary and secondary insomnia, defined as both sleep disruption and daytime impairment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effectiveness/efficacy of exercise in patients with insomnia. Methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify all randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of exercise on various sleep parameters in patients with insomnia. All participants were diagnosed with insomnia, using standard diagnostic criteria or predetermined criteria and standard measures. Data on outcome measures were subjected to meta-analyses using random-effects models. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach were used to assess the quality of the individual studies and the body of evidence, respectively. Results We included nine studies with a total of 557 participants. According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (mean difference [MD], 2.87 points lower in the intervention group; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.95 points lower to 1.79 points lower; low-quality evidence) and the Insomnia Severity Index (MD, 3.22 points lower in the intervention group; 95% CI, 5.36 points lower to 1.07 points lower; very low-quality evidence), exercise was beneficial. However, exercise interventions were not associated with improved sleep efficiency (MD, 0.56% lower in the intervention group; 95% CI, 3.42% lower to 2.31% higher; moderate-quality evidence). Only four studies noted adverse effects. Most studies had a high or unclear risk of selection bias. Discussion Our findings suggest that exercise can improve sleep quality without notable adverse effects. Most trials had a high risk of selection bias. Higher quality research is needed.
A Study of Television Image Characteristics: Part Two: Determination of Frame Frequency for Television in Terms of Flicker Characteristics

During 1931 and 1932 an investigation was carried out to obtain quantitative information on the several characteristics of television images. Part One of this paper covered those characteristics relating to image detail. This paper, Part Two, covers a determination of frame frequency in terms of flicker characteristics. The analysis is based on a number of simple tests largely in terms of equivalents so that a wide range of conditions might be studied. Conclusions are reached regarding several means for minimizing flicker.
Les sucres : impact sur notre santé métabolique

The role of sugars, in particular in the form of soft drinks, in the development of obesity and its metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities is increasingly recognized. The mechanisms involved are probably multiple, but the energy content, the glycemic load and the liquid consistence play probably a more important role than the fructose content. The present recommendations encourage to limit the amount of added or free sugars to 10% maybe 5% of the daily energy intake. The replacement of sugars with sweeteners may be helpful. On a broader scale, education to a less intensely sweet taste is paramount.
Matrix Representation of Transistor Circuits

The paper outlines a method to treat transistors as 3-terminal "black boxes," represented by their admittance matrices. Instead of using an equivalent circuit with internal sources, the treatment is direct and uses only measurable quantities. Once the admittance matrix of the grounded-base transistor is measured, it is easy to derive the matrices for grounded-emitter and grounded-collector stages. Matrix representation also presents a direct method for analyzing cascaded stages. The method is illustrated by an analysis of circuits with a transistor that has been described elsewhere.
The Corner-Reflector Antenna

A beam antenna called the corner, V, or sphenoidal reflector type is described. This antenna consists essentially of a driven radiator or dipole and a reflector constructed of two flat, conducting sheets, or their electrical equivalent, which meet at an angle forming a corner. The radiator is usually located in the plane bisecting the corner angle. The performance of the antenna is analyzed mathematically. Gain curves are presented, showing the effect of antenna-to-corner spacing, corner angle, and losses. Computed and measured directional patterns are in good agreement. Dimensions and design data for practical corner antennas using grid-type reflectors are included. The corner reflector is particularly suitable for use on the ultra-high frequencies and microwaves where structures 1 or 2 wavelengths in maximum over-all dimensions are practical. It is simple in construction and can be readily built to fold into a compact portable unit. Multiunit corner reflectors for higher gain and a bidirectional type for broadcast use are mentioned. The application of a single corner reflector with two off-center radiators to a radio range beacon or an airport runway localizer is discussed.
Hydrogen Cooling of Rotating Machines

Hydrogen cooled synchronous condensers now in use have a total rating of several hundred thousand kilovolt-amperes. During the last 2 years the use of hydrogen cooling has been extended frequency converters, and most recently to turbine generators. Several such machines now are being constructed. This method of cooling not only results in a reduction of machine losses and maintenance cost, but also makes feasible the construction of units with capacities greater than those of the existing air cooled units.
Energy flow in electric systems — The VI energy-flow postulate

The conditions which a valid postulated electric-energy flow must satisfy are given and are stated to be insufficient for its unique determination. The commonly used Vi energy-flow postulate is shown by examples to be not generally valid, but by adding a simple term it can be made equally valid with other valid energy-flow postulates. Various examples are given of the application of this corrected energy-flow postulate. On power systems the engineer commonly limits his use of the uncorrected Vi postulate to applications where the correcting term should have a negligible net effect. Various examples of such use are discussed.
Cow milk protein allergy and other common food allergies and intolerances

Abstract The prevalence of food allergy and food intolerance is increasing and it is an important public health problem affecting children. Food allergy results from an immunological reaction to certain food(s) and affects numerous organs in the body. Food intolerances are non-immunological reactions including metabolic, toxic, pharmacological and undefined mechanisms. Cow milk is the most common cause of food allergy and food intolerance, especially in young children. Food intolerance can present with similar symptoms to those of food allergy. Health-care personnel, patients and their caregivers often confuse food intolerance with food allergy. This review focuses on the clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, treatment and prevention of food allergy and food intolerance.
Rhaponticin decreases the metastatic and angiogenic abilities of cancer cells via suppression of the HIF-1α pathway

Rhaponticin (RA; 3′5-dihydroxy-4′-methoxystilbene 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) is a component isolated from various medicinal herbs including Rheum undulatum L. RA has been reported to be an effective treatment for allergy, diabetes, thrombosis, liver steatosis, lung fibrosis and colitis. In addition, RA effectively inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis; however, the effects of RA, at non-cytotoxic doses, on the metastasis and angiogenesis of malignant cancer cells have, to be the best of our knowledge, not been identified. In the present study, it was identified that RA suppressed the metastatic potential of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, including colony formation, migration and invasion. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with RA exhibited a decreased ability to form tube-like networks and to migrate across a Transwell membrane, when compared with RA-untreated HUVECs. Using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, RA treatment significantly suppressed spontaneous and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. Furthermore, RA inhibited the production of pro-angiogenic factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, pentraxin-3, interleukin-8, VEGF and placental growth factor under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and suppressed the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced increase in the gelatinolytic MMP-9 activity and MMP-9 expression in HT1080 cells. RA also significantly inhibited the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α pathway, leading to decreased HIF-1α accumulation and HIF-1α nuclear expression under hypoxia. These results indicated that RA exhibits potent anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities with no cytotoxicity via suppression of the HIF-1α signaling pathway. Thus, RA may control malignant cancer cells by inhibiting the spread from primary tumors and expansion to distant organs.
Identification and control of linear discrete systems

Real-time identification and control of linear discrete systems with Gauss-Markov random parameters and conditioned quadratic cost function are considered. Algorithms for explicit calculation of the identification and control are given for systems with perfect state measurement and are illustrated by example applications. The control strategy generated by the cost function is an identitication-adaptive controller which is continually revised as new data are received. The identification equations develop an explicit model of the system which is available for other purposes if desired, and can be used apart from the control context.
Stabilization of a Satellite via Specific Optimum Control

The Optimum Stabilization of a tumbling satellite via Hamilton-Jacobi theory has been reported by one of the authors before in "On the optimum stabilization of a satellite" [2]. This companion paper discusses the synthesis of a specific optimum control law for the same problem and compares the results with the optimum solution. It is shown that a specific optimum control law yields, acceptable performance while being much easier to instrument than the optimum control law.
The Band between Microwave and Infrared Regions

Microwave techniques have been stretched well into the millimeter range. The infrared range has recently found extensive practical application. The portion of the spectrum that lies between the two, stretching from about 300 to 3000 kmc (1.0 to 0.1 mm), is, to date, almost unexplored and virtually unexploited. The chief reason for this sparseness of activity is the lack of 300-3000-kmc generators. This paper mentions some factors that have prevented microwave generation techniques from entering this region. A number of ideas and schemes, some extrapolations of microwave techniques, others of a more revolutionary nature, may result in satisfactory generators. Some of these are discussed herein. In addition to generation, there are the associated problems of detection, control, transmission, and measurement. These are discussed briefly, along with some advances in the art that approach solutions.
Uncertainty Characterisation of Mobile Robot Localisation Techniques using Optical Surveying Grade Instruments

Recent developments in localisation systems for autonomous robotic technology have been a driving factor in the deployment of robots in a wide variety of environments. Estimating sensor measurement noise is an essential factor when producing uncertainty models for state-of-the-art robotic positioning systems. In this paper, a surveying grade optical instrument in the form of a Trimble S7 Robotic Total Station is utilised to dynamically characterise the error of positioning sensors of a ground based unmanned robot. The error characteristics are used as inputs into the construction of a Localisation Extended Kalman Filter which fuses Pozyx Ultra-wideband range measurements with odometry to obtain an optimal position estimation, all whilst using the path generated from the remote tracking feature of the Robotic Total Station as a ground truth metric. Experiments show that the proposed method yields an improved positional estimation compared to the Pozyx systems’ native firmware algorithm as well as producing a smoother trajectory.
Methods for Measuring Piezoelectric, Elastic, and Dielectric Coefficients of Crystals and Ceramics

This paper considers methods for measuring the piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic coefficients of crystals and ceramics and recommends certain preferred methods of measurement. Static measurements are not considered to be as satisfactory as dynamic measurements. Of the dynamic methods, measurements of the resonant and anti-resonant frequencies, the low frequency capacitance and the resistance at resonance appear to be the simplest and most accurate method, provided that the ratio of Q/r is high. Quasi-static methods are useful for crystals having a low ratio of Q/r, for determining the sign of the piezoelectric coefficients, and for production checks. Hydrostatic methods are useful for complicated crystals such as monoclinic types and for measuring a sum of two of the coefficients of electrostrictive ceramics. This measurement can be carried out for odd-shaped samples.