Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Aromatase Activity Level in Male Patients with Active Acromegaly

Aromatase activity in the acromegaly is a critical marker of decided sexual behavior. There is a confirmation demonstrated that aromatase activity is associated with testosterone and estradiol levels. The goal was to explore the relationship between GH, IGF-1, testosterone, estradiol and aromatase activity in patients with active acromegaly. In this study sixty males (age 20-60) years were enrolled. Serum of testosterone, estradiol, GH, IGF-1 and aromatase activity measured in both groups. The results revealed that mean of serum aromatase activity and estradiol levels were significant differences decrease in active acromegaly when compare with the control group and aromatase activity important correlate with IGF-1 and estradiol necessary correlate with GH/ IGF-1 and T/E2. While GH, IGF-1-1, GH/ IGF-1, testosterone and T/E2 were significant differences increase in active acromegaly when compare with the control group and GH was necessary to correlate with GH/IGF-1 in patients group.
Understanding monetary policy in Central European countries using Taylor-type rules: the case of the Visegrad four

This paper assesses to what extent simple Taylor-type monetary policy rules provide a good description of interest rate setting behaviour in the Visegrad four countries. Six different models are analysed, chosen on the basis of possessing desirable theoretical features. The paper finds that exchange rates feature prominently in three of the four countries' policy rules and that the results are sensitive to the measure of inflation used.
Chapter 5 Monitoring Asthma in Childhood : Still a Challenge

Asthma monitoring should be focused on patient outcomes and goals. Using clinical practice tools allows the clinicians to detect problems such as bad adherence to mainte‐ nance therapy, comorbidities, or other external reason for a poorly controlled asthma. To succeed in the process of asthma control, doctors need the participation of the family. Because such educational task requires good agreement between patient environment and doctor, it might be difficult to achieve. However, it is worth to implement because the benefit is a life without symptoms of asthma with a minimum medication.
E-Cadherin, beta-catenin and HER2 expression in prostate cancer tissues with perineural invasion and their correlation with Gleason score: A preliminary study

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignant tumor in men. Early identification of prostate cancer may result in improved cure rates and increased life expectancies. Gleason score and clinical range at the time of diagnosis are important factors to predict prognosis and outcome after therapy but additional accurate and reliable biomarkers are warranted. Few biomarkers of prostate cancer have been successfully implemented and used in clinical practice. In this study, we sought to determine the expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and human epidermal receptor (HER2) in biopsy specimens of prostate cancer with perineural invasion, and correlate them with Gleason score in order to verify the relationship between those markers and prostate cancer process. Our study demonstrated abnormal expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and HER2. On the other hand, our results showed no correlation between Gleason score and the expression of those markers in invasive prostate cancer tissues. Other different biomarkers remain to be identified, that potentially could improve the evaluation of prognostic of the patient. Key words: Biomarkers, biopsy specimens, Gleason score, perineural invasion, prostate cancer.
Mixed Carbon Policies Based on Cooperation of Carbon Emission Reduction in Supply Chain

This paper established cooperation decision model for a mixed carbon policy of carbon trading-carbon tax (environmental tax) in a two-stage - supply chain. For three different cooperative abatement situations, we considered the supplier driven model, the manufacturer driven model, and the equilibrium game model. We investigated the influence of mixed carbon policy with constraint of reduction targets on supply chain price, productivity, profits, carbon emissions reduction rate, and so on. The results showed that () high-strength carbon policies do not necessarily encourage enterprises to effectively reduce emissions, and increasing market acceptance of low carbon products or raising the price of carbon quota can promote the benign reduction; () perfect competitive carbon market has a higher carbon reduction efficiency than oligarch carbon market, but their optimal level of cooperation is the same and the realized reduction rate is in line with the intensity of carbon policy; () the policy sensitivity of the carbon trading mechanism is stronger than the carbon tax; “paid quota mechanism“ can subsidize the cost of abatement and improve reduction initiative. Finally, we use a numerical example to solve the optimal decisions under different market situations, validating the effectiveness of model and the conclusions.
Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULC) in the Lake Malawi Drainage Basin, 1982-2005

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in the drainage basin of Lake Malawi over the period 1982-2005 were estimated from satellite imagery, and possible relationships were evaluated among the four major land-cover classes: cropland, forest, water, and savanna/shrub/woodland. AVHRR and MODIS sensors gave different values of areal extent of the four classes, limiting the feasibility of establishing consistent temporal trends over the entire period of the study, but forest land showed the least change among three land cover types, and extent of water bodies remained virtually unaltered over the period. AVHRR results show that cropland was mainly derived from savanna/shrub/woodland, which declined by almost 90% over the period 1982-1995.
Pengaruh Kuantitas Korpus Monolingual Terhadap Akurasi Mesin Penerjemah Statistik

Untuk mencapai hasil terjemahan yang optimal mesin penerjemah statistik membutuhkan korpus paralel dalam jumlah yang besar dimana korpus tersebut berisi salinan teks bahasa sumber dan bahasa target yang sejajar. Ketersediaan korpus paralel menjadi salah satu permasalahan karena sumber yang menyediakan dokumen korpus paralel sulit ditemukan. Tidak seperti data paralel, korpus monolingual yang berisi teks hanya dalam satu bahasa dapat mempermudah pembuatan korpus (terutama bahasa target), karena dokumen teks monolingual tersedia secara luas sehingga tidak diperlukan usaha lebih untuk menerjemahkan teks korpus bilingual. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kuantitas korpus monolingual terhadap nilai akurasi hasil terjemahan pada mesin penerjemah statistik Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia. Pengujian otomatis menggunakan BLEU dilakukan secara bertahap terhadap 2000 kalimat uji dengan menambahkan korpus monolingual bahasa target dengan jumlah yang sama pada setiap mesinnya yaitu sebanyak 6000 hingga mencapai jumlah 60000 kalimat dan didapatkan peningkatan akurasi sebesar 10,13%. Pengujian manual dilakukan oleh seorang ahli Bahasa Inggris dengan korpus uji sebanyak 100 kalimat dengan peningkatan akurasi sebesar 10,07%. Penggunaan korpus monolingual dapat mempermudah penyediaan sumber data pada mesin penerjemah statistik namun karena peningkatan akurasinya yang terbilang cukup kecil maka dibutuhkan jumlah korpus yang sangat besar sehingga penambahan korpus monolingual ini kurang efisien untuk meningkatkan akurasi terjemahan di atas 30%.
Acceptance of Hydrogen Technologies and the Role of Trust

It is well known in socio-economic studies, that the success of an innovation process depends not only on the technological innovation itself or the state of the economic and institutional environment, but also on the public acceptance of the innovation. Public acceptance can be an obstacle for the development and introduction of a new and innovative idea as the example of genetic engineering in agriculture shows. In respect to hydrogen technology this means, that the compilation and communication of scientific risk assessments are not sufficient to generate or enhance public acceptance. Moreover, psychological, social and cultural aspects of risk perception have to be considered when introducing new technologies. This paper focuses on trust as a central parameter of risk perception and the public acceptance of new technologies.
Die Ableitung von Management- und Führungskompetenzen für das digitale Zeitalter

Die Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft stellt Fuhrungskrafte und die Managementweiterbildung vor neue Herausforderungen. Um Nachwuchsfuhrungskrafte in der professionellen Weiterbildung auf diese Herausforderungen vorzubereiten, werden in diesem Beitrag entsprechende Kompetenzen abgeleitet: Aufbauend auf etablierten sowie modernen Erkenntnissen der Managementforschung werden relevante Kompetenzbereiche definiert. Erganzt werden Inhalte aus der aktuellen Diskussion um die so genannte Digitale Fuhrung. Zudem werden die Perspektive von Arbeitgeber_innen sowie Ergebnisse aus der Forschung zur Beschaftigungsfahigkeit integriert. Diese theoretischen Erkenntnisse werden abschliesend durch Expert_inneninterviews mit Personalentscheider_innen aus der Berliner Digitalszene validiert. Im Ausblick dienen diese Kompetenzen als Rahmen fur die Entwicklung von Weiterbildungsprogrammen fur Nachwuchsfuhrungskrafte an der Berlin Professional School.
Changing Institutions to Protect Regional Heritage: A Case for Geographical Indications in the Indian Agrifood Sector

Geographical Indications have evolved in recent years to protect indigenous knowledge in the agrifood sector without hampering the ethos of free trade. Supporters regard them as useful tools for protecting national property rights and offering new export opportunities, while opponents consider them as barriers to trade. This article provides theoretical justifications for them, based on insights from the New Institutional Economics, and cites Darjeeling tea and Basmati rice as Indian examples highlighting some of their dynamic institutional aspects. The new legal framework for GIs is mainly based on the international level.
Website Usability, Case Study: Shura System

Usability is considered a quality attribute for the software. Recently, concern about usability has been increased as a competitive advantage which helps accomplishing effeteness, efficiency and users satisfaction. The web site is usually designed for achieving technical and functional purposes, but neglecting the most important factor; the end user. Usability focuses on end users, their capabilities, requirements and satisfaction. We aimed by this work to publicize the usability and its testing to the website Arabic users. A usability evaluation for Shura website using a Remote usability test for 36 participants was performed. Results were analyzed to determine the obstacles users were facing. Many of usability non-observance in the website were found and necessary recommendations (proposals) to redesign the website were made to improve it and make the user experience more acceptable.
A Study Of Knowledge Attitude And Practices Of Saudi Women Towards Diabetes Mellitus. A (KAP) Study In Al-Qassim Region

Objectives: Diabetes Mellitus is a major health problem with individual, social and economical consequences. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) surveys are effective in providing baseline for evaluating intervention programmes. This study was conducted with the aim to know the level of awareness regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus to aid in future development of programmes and techniques for effective health educationStudy Design: Cross sectional descriptiveMethodology: This cross sectional study describes the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) among female diabetic patients attending the Mother andChild Hospital and Qassim University Clinic in Buraydah from Jan 2009 toJune 2009. KAP questionnaire was used for this purpose after getting permissionfrom P and T journal Medi Media USA. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis Microsoft office 2007 window vista and SPSS version 16 . Results: Altogether, 56.14 % of respondents scored 100% in the questions related with knowledge. However 17.58% scored 100% in the attitude questions and15.78%scored 100% in practice questions. The overall KAP score had a mean of 16and standard deviation (SD) of 6.066. The respondents correctly answering (all? ) the knowledge questions have a mean Score of 12.42 and SD 3.034. The respondents answering correctly attitude and Practice questions had a mean Score of 1.46±1.739 and 2.79±2.289 respectively. Conclusion: Results revealed good knowledge but poor attitude andPractices toward diabetes. We concluded that there is a need for structured programmes to improve attitude and practices of diabetic patients to promote better compliance
Nativism and the poverty of the stimulus: A demanding argument for the ‘innateness’ of language

This article critiques nativism about language (also called linguistic nativism), the view that language capacities are somehow innate, associated especially with Noam Chomsky (for example, 1980, 1993). The focus of the article is on the so-called ‘poverty of the stimulus argument’ (PSA), often taken to be the backbone of nativism, which says that children’s knowledge of language is underdetermined by their linguistic environment. I first argue for how the nativists’ claim should be interpreted—an important task given arguments that the notion of ‘innateness’ in science is problematic (e.g. Mameli & Bateson 2006). I then outline and critique one example of a PSA, that of Lidz et al. (2003), applied to English anaphoric ‘one’. I show that the study is far from successful in demonstrating a PSA for this feature of language. I also argue that the problems with Lidz et al. (2003) are instructive in showing how difficult it is to empirically substantiate a PSA. The article concludes that nativists about language needs to move away from the PSA and look to alternative means of supporting their thesis.
Corporate Lobbying and Fraud Detection

Abstract This paper examines the relation between corporate lobbying and fraud detection. Using data on corporate lobbying expenses between 1998 and 2004, and a sample of large frauds detected during the same period, we find that firms’ lobbying activities make a significant difference in fraud detection: Compared to nonlobbying firms, on average, firms that lobby have a significantly lower hazard rate of being detected for fraud, evade fraud detection 117 days longer, and are 38% less likely to be detected by regulators. In addition, fraudulent firms on average spend 77% more on lobbying than nonfraudulent firms, and they spend 29% more on lobbying during their fraudulent periods than during nonfraudulent periods. The delay in detection leads to a greater distortion in resource allocation during fraudulent periods. It also allows managers to sell more of their shares.
Evalita'09 Parsing Task: comparing dependency parsers and treebanks

The aim of Evalita Parsing Task is at defining and extending Italian state of the art parsing by encouraging the application of existing models and approaches. As in the Evalita’07, the Task is organized around two tracks, i.e. Dependency Parsing and Constituency Parsing. As a main novelty with respect to the previous edition, the Dependency Parsing track has been articulated into two subtasks, differing at the level of the used treebanks, thus creating the prerequisites for assessing the impact of different annotation schemes on the parsers performance. In this paper, we describe the Dependency Parsing track by presenting the data sets for development and testing, reporting the test results and providing a first comparative analysis of these results, also with respect to state of the art parsing technologies.
Supplementation of Energy and Glucomannan to Alleviate Tall Fescue Toxicosis

An 84 d randomized block design using 96 beef calves (238.8 + 20.1 kg) in each of two years was used to assess the efficacy of energy supplementation and glucomannan (MTB) to alleviate tall fescue toxicosis. Groups of four calves were randomly assigned to 24 endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures (1.23 + 0.06 ha). Pastures of calves were randomly assigned to treatments: unsupplemented (CON), supplemented with soybean hulls (SH) at 0.33% BW (DM basis; LO), supplemented with SH at 0.66% BW (DM basis; HI), LO plus 20 g·hd·d MTB-100 (LO-MTB), HI plus 20 g·hd·d MTB-100 (HI-MTB). Calves were weighed and serum collected every 21 days. Fecal grab samples were taken from d 55 to d 59 and analyzed for dry matter chromium and ergot alkaloid concentrations. Tympanic temperatures were taken from one calf for 3 days each week from d 59 to d 84. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with contrasts of effects of MTB, level of SH supplementation (LEVEL), MTB x LEVEL interaction, and CON vs. supplemented (SUPP). Treatments differed in ADG (P 0.05); daily maximum temperatures and diurnal range differed among the v treatments (P < 0.01). SUPP animals had lower maximum temperatures and decreased diurnal range compared to CON (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that SH supplementation can lessen the severity of fescue toxicosis; however, glucomannan fed at the current level only affected tympanic temperature.
Enzyme-assisted matrix isolation of novel dithiooxamide complexes of nickel(II)

The complexation reaction proceeding on the Ni(II) hexacyanoferrate(II) matrix immobilized in the gelatin layer in contact with an alkaline sol tion of dithiooxamide has been studied. It has been shown that five different complexes can be obtained. four of which, i.e. (Ni2Lh[Fe(CN)6J (I), NiL(H20h (II), [NiL(H20hJn (III) and [Ni(HLhJg (IV) are in oluble. and one of them, [NiL2F -(V) is soluble in water (HL is a pCirtially deprotonated ligand form, Uis' fully deprotonated form). When ligand concentration in the solution is smaller than 1.0 x 103 mol.dm' 3. surface Ni2[Fe(CN)6J concentration in the matrix more than 2.0><102mol.m -2 and a (0.5-1.0) min time of com pIexing process, chelate I U'-ma: = 590-610 nm) is formed; when ligand concentration ~ 2.0 x 103 2 0 x 102mol elm3 and Nb[Fe(CN)6J concentration is smaller than 4.0x 10-2 mol.m-'2, chelate II Amcj:=580 nm) is formed; when ligand concentration -:::: 2.0x 1025.0. 10 2 mol.dm 3 and Ni [Fe(CN)6J coricentration is morc than 2.0 x 102 mol.m 2, chelHte III (Amax. = 570 nm) is realized. It h' s been pointed out that chelate II is capable of an irreversible transformation into chelate IV upon proce' ing in acid solution. When ligand concentration is more than 10-) mol.dm 3 and Ni2[Fe(CN)6 concent ation is smaller than 2.0 x 102, complex V is formed. The structures of compounds [-V have been pI' posed and it has been indicated that chelate III and IV are coordination polymers. It has also been ointed out that complexation reaction on the immobilized Ni2[Fe(CN)6J matrix in the Ni(I1)-dithiooxa ide system enables one to obtain more complex forms than with complexing in the same system in aqueou solution.
Preliminary results of simulations of a user-friendly fast line-by-line computer code for simulations of satellite signal

This paper describes results of a fast line-line-by-line computer code (FLISS - Fast LIne-by-line Satellite signal Simulator), which was developed at CPTEC/INPE for analyzing the impact of different atmospheric profiles on spectral signal detected by satellite sensors. Line-by-line information based on HITRAN database allows calculations adapted to any spectral response function of a detector. It is presented a comparison of the code, infrared FLISS-L version, with brightness temperatures obtained by Aqua AIRS sensor (more than 2000 channels), as well as Aqua MODIS, NOAA AVHRR and HIRS, and GOES-12 Imager. An oceanic cloud- free region was chosen. Although a real case presents some limitations concerning exact definition of profiles for atmospheric temperature and gas concentration, the results show fairly good agreement with observations. This is particularly true for spectrally wider detectors, showing differences lower than 2 K. The software was designed for user-friendly behavior, such that atmospheric profiles and new detector characteristics can be easily introduced.
Approaches and constraints to the reconstruction of palaeoproductivity from Cape Basin abyssal benthic foraminifera (South Atlantic)

The characteristics of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from well-oxygenated deep-sea settings have been used to reconstruct past productivity conditions. None of the different approaches that have been developed is without complications or applies in all settings. In this study we assess the use of benthic foraminifera (accumulation rates and assemblages composition) as proxies for palaeoproductivity changes during the last glacial period (25 – 95 ka) in an abyssal core located in the south of Cape Basin (41.1 °S, 7.8 °E, 4981 m water depth). Assemblage characteristics indicate a generally food-limited environment receiving episodic inputs of labile organic carbon of variable strength. High seasonality in the delivery of organic material to the seafloor in the form of phytodetritus influences the assemblage characteristics because the corresponding response does not involve the whole community. Benefiting from this occasionally high organic input is the opportunistic species Epistominella exigua (Brady) that reproduces rapidly to build up large populations. In general, the rest of the species (i.e. less opportunistic compared to E. exigua) show only subtle variations in their population densities and fauna composition. Under those circumstances benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates seem to be independent of the amount of organic flux arriving at the sediment surface and respond instead to the strength of phytoplankton blooms.
Interactive effects of metal pollution and temperature on metabolism in aquatic ectotherms: implications of global climate change

In light of the current rising mean temperatures and fluctuations in temperature extremes involved in global climate change, a cause-and-effect understanding of the temperature- dependent impacts of additional environmental stressors on marine life is crucial for the elaboration of how marine ecosystems will shape in the future. The thermal environment plays a direct role in the distribution and survival of marine ectotherms through the temperature-dependent effects on their physiology, as well as indirectly by affecting the organism's susceptibility to other biotic and abiotic stressors. We review studies that have investigated the effects of temperature and anthropogenic pol- lution by trace metals, with a focus on metabolic regulation as a major mechanism that underlies the interactive effects of temperature and metals on the physiology and survival of ectotherms. These studies suggest that impairment of energy metabolism plays a key role in the synergistic effects of these stressors, and we elaborate a mechanistic framework for understanding these interactions. Fur- thermore, the present study seeks to provide an impetus for future investigations in order to define more precisely the physiological mechanisms and functional properties of temperature-pollution interactions.