Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Electrochemical Impedance Study of Ionic Liquid Film Formation and Aqueous Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy ZE41

Ionic liquid surface treatments are proposed as a method of controlling corrosion processes on magnesium alloys. An important magnesium alloy, ZE41 (nominally 4% Zn and 1% rare earth), was treated with the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium diphenylphosphate (P66614DPP). Impedance spectra were acquired at intervals during the treatment, indicating the development of a film and allowing a measure of the film formation process to be obtained over time. Mechanically polished and electro-polished surfaces were prepared; these surfaces, treated and untreated, were subsequently exposed to 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solutions. The corrosion behavior of the prepared surfaces were assessed using impedance spectroscopy and optical microscopy. The results indicated a significant role for the method of surface preparation used and, in both cases, the ionic liquid treatment produced a more corrosion-resistant surface.
SWITCHGRASS LEAF APPEARANCE AND LAMINA EXTENSION RATES IN RESPONSE TO FERTILIZER NITROGEN

ABSTRACT Quantification of effects from factors known to modify vegetative development and growth in grasses is important in modeling biomass yield. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of increasing levels of N on leaf appearance (LAR) and lamina extension rates (LER) in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) under field and controlled environmental conditions. Five nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (0 to 268 kg N ha−1) were applied to a stand of “Alamo” switchgrass at Dallas, TX, and to potted plants (0 to 400 ppm) in a controlled environment. Quadratic regression models best described these responses to increasing rates of fertilizer N in both the field and controlled environment. In the field, LAR−1 decreased to a minimum of 241 growing degree days (GDD) leaf−1 at 163 kg N ha−1 and LER increased to a maximum of 0.188 cm GDD−1 at 164 kg N ha−1. In the controlled environment, LAR−1 decreased to a minimum of 155 GDD leaf−1 at 90 ppm N and LER increased to a maximum of 0.272 cm GDD−1 at 156 ppm N. Results demonstrate that LAR and LER are significantly affected by fertilizer N. Lamina extension rate responded to increasing levels of N in a manner typical of a classic yield response curve and was strongly correlated to plot yields, confirming its value as a potential indicator of yield.
Mesoporous iron oxide directly anchored on a graphene matrix for lithium-ion battery anodes with enhanced strain accommodation

A continuous mesoporous iron oxide nanofilm was directly formed on graphene nanosheets through the in situ thermal decomposition of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and was anchored tightly on the graphene surface. The lithiation-induced strain was naturally accommodated, owing to the constraint effect of graphene and the mesoporous structure. Hence, the pulverization of the iron oxide nanofilm was effectively prevented.
<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$C$</tex></formula>–<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$V$</tex></formula> Characteristics in Undoped Gate-All-Around Nanowire FET Array

Presented in this letter are the C-V data, measured from nanowire capacitors, which have been fabricated by connecting in parallel a large number of identically processed nanowire FETs. The C-V curves were examined over a range from accumulation to inversion with varying frequencies and at different electrode configurations. The gate response of the undoped and floating channel is investigated using C-V data, and the inversion charge and carrier mobility are accurately extracted by eliminating the effects of parasitic capacitances and series resistance Rsd. These observed data are compared with the data from planar MOS capacitor.
Influences of channel metallic composition on indium zinc oxide thin-film transistor performance

Indium zinc oxide thin-film transistors were fabricated with a semiconductor channel layer deposited via pulsed plasma deposition. Influences of the channel metallic composition on devices' performance were investigated. While the Zn percentage molar content, calculated as Zn/(Zn+In), varied from 40% to 60%, the threshold voltage of the devices positively increased by 2.5 V and field-effect mobility was not evidently influenced. Diversity of specimens on field-effect mobility was attributed to chemical state variation of oxygen in the oxide channel layer.
Internal Water Storage Enhances Exfiltration and Thermal Load Reduction from Permeable Pavement in the North Carolina Mountains

AbstractThermally-enriched stormwater runoff can negatively impact coldwater streams and their associated ecosystem services. The introduction of local and federal guidelines specifically targeting urban runoff temperature in the United States and Canada promulgate the use of practices that reduce thermal pollutant load from a catchment. Several stormwater control measures (SCM) have been shown to buffer thermal impacts to waterways by passing water through cooler subsurface media or by reducing overall discharge volume. Permeable pavement exposes stormwater to these mechanisms, which makes it a promising practice for thermal mitigation. A newly constructed permeable interlocking concrete paver (PICP) parking lot was monitored for 1 year in the mountain region of North Carolina to quantify runoff reduction, temperature buffering, and thermal load export. The effects on hydrology caused by internal water storage (IWS) in the pavement profile were also investigated by dividing the 239-m2 lot into three cell.
New Biorenewable Fuels from Vegetable Oils

Abstract World annual petroleum consumption and vegetable oil production is about 4.018 and 0.107 billion tons, respectively. Vegetable oils from bio-renewable oil seeds can be used when mixed with diesel fuels. Vegetable oils can be used as fuels for diesel engines, but their viscosities are much higher than usual diesel fuel and require modifications of the engines. Different ways have been considered to reduce the viscosity of vegetable oils, such as dilution, microemulsification, pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, and transesterification. Compared with transesterification, pyrolysis process has more advantages. The liquid fuel produced from pyrolysis has similar chemical components to conventional petroleum diesel fuel. Vegetable oils can be converted to a maximum of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons by pyrolysis, decarboxylation, deoxygenation, and catalytic cracking processes.
Volatile Organic Compounds Expression in Different Cell Types: An In Vitro Approach

The relationship between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and local or general pathologies is a most interesting field of research. Different chemical signatures have been observed in breath from patients with lung, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, liver, renal or mental diseases, diabetes, different types of cancer or physiological conditions such as pregnancy. Important classes of volatile compounds are hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, organic acids, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, aromatics, esters and terpenes. Current data suggests that depending on the affected tissue or organ, volatiles can have a specific profile. However, to date, information on the biochemical origin of these volatiles is rare. Prominent exceptions are isoprene or acetone, where biochemical background information can be given, and the exhalation kinetics has been determined (in part) by real-time analysis of exhaled breath. One possible approach for elucidating the biochemical background of other volatile biomarkers specific to a certain biological process is the in vitro headspace investigation of cell lines, looking at normal proliferation but also on necrosis and apoptosis and at the influence of various biologically active compounds added to the cell culture medium. The present work reviews the current advances in VOCs research in relation with in vitro cell cultures.
Mercury in medicine and health service

People are most often exposed to mercury in water, amalgam dental fillings, vaccines with ethylmercury as a preservative and in methylmercury containing fish. Foetuses and children are most susceptible to toxic mercury, which passes to their organisms through the placenta or with mother’s milk. Distribution of mercury in organs depends on the type of compound absorbed and duration of exposure. Mercury is mainly absorbed through the respiratory system. There are two types of mercury poisoning: acute and chronic. The critical organs for acute poisoning with mercury vapour are the lungs. Acute poisoning develops when large amounts of mercury are inhaled, which may lead to acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Chronic exposure to mercury vapour primarily affects the central nervous system. Mercury is considered as a contributing factor in aetiology of numerous disorders, including neurologic, renal, immunological, cardiologic, reproductive or even genetic abnormalities. Studies have demonstrated the correlation between mercury toxicity and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease, autism and multiple sclerosis. Mercury may be involved in four processes which lead to genotoxicity: generation of free radicals and oxidative stress, effects on microtubules and on DNA repair mechanisms as well as direct interaction with DNA molecules.
STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SOME TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF NITRO DERIVATIVE OF PHENYLAZO- ETHYLACETOACETATE

Nitro phenylazoethyl acetoacetate complexes of the type M(NO2PAEA)n, where M is ZrO(IV), Th(IV), Zn(II) and Cd(II), n is the valency of the metal, and NO2-HPAEA is nitro phenylazoethyl acetoacetate, have been synthesized and characterized. Complexes were isolated in solid state and characterized from elemental analysis, magnetic studies, UV-visible, IR and NMR data. The elemental analysis confirms the assigned stoichiometries. The stereochemistries of the complexes were ascertained using magnetic studies, uv- visible diffusive reflectance, IR and 1 H NMR. The present paper describes synthesis and characterization and biological studies of these complexes. The complexes are found to have striking structural features. In these complexes, the phenylazo group (C6H5N2) exhibits bidentate character and co-ordinates with the metal through the phenylazo and methylketo groups. Metal- Ligand ratio is found to be 1:2. ZrO(IV)complex is square pyramidal, Th(IV) has octahedral geometry whereas Zn(II) and Cd(II) are found to have tetrahedral geometry respectively.
The Effects of Crystal Field and Temperature on the Photoluminescence Excitation Efficiency of Ce3+ in YAG

Absorption and luminescence spectra of YAG:Ce3+ crystals have been measured at various temperatures between 4.2° and 300°K. The high resolution, low temperature spectra show resolved fine structure. Zero‐phonon transitions have been assigned and the phonon replicas correlated with lattice phonon energies. The characteristic absorption band of YAG:Ce3+ near 460 nm decreases in intensity, whereas that near 340 nm increases with increasing temperature. This effect is explained in terms of a tetragonal crystal field splitting of both the 4f1 ground state and 5d1 excited states of Ce3+ in YAG. When allowance is made for changes in the absorption of pump light with temperature the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of Ce3+ in YAG is constant up to 300°K. The significance of these crystal field effects for the use of YAG:Ce as a high temperature lamp phosphor is discussed.
Several Mineral Elements Discriminate the Origin of Wines from Three Districts in China

The concentrations of eight mineral elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry in 48 grape wine samples to distinguish the wine origins from three districts in China. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the samples from Yinchuan city could be separated from Penglai and Changli cities. The samples could be clustered into three groups according to region of origin by cluster analysis with only two miss-cluster. The stepwise method of discrimination analysis with three mineral elements was able to 100% classify the original groups of all samples. Sr and Mn are characteristic elements for wines originating from Yinchuan city and Changli city, respectively, as determined from the results of Duncan multiple comparisons on the concentrations of Mn and Sr.
Influence of Piperine on Transcutaneous Permeation of Repaglinide in Rats and on Tight Junction Proteins in HaCaT Cells: Unveiling the Mechanisms for Enhanced Permeation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of piperine on permeation of repaglinide (RGE) across rat epidermis. In addition, the role of chitosan (CTN) and its combination with piperine was investigated for exploring the possibility of further enhancing the permeation of RGE. The permeation of RGE across excised rat epidermis was, respectively, ~4-fold, ~5-fold and ~6- fold higher when piperine (0.008% w/v), CTN (1% w/v), or piperine – CTN mixture was used as donor vehicle as compared to propylene glycol: ethanol (PG: EtOH) (7:3) mixture. The merger of T2 and T3 (lipid-specific) and obliteration of T4 (protein-specific) endothermic transitions in the thermograms of excised rat epidermis suggested overwhelming influence of these treatments on skin lipids and proteins. Further, the observed increase in intercellular space, disordering of lipid structure and corneocyte detachment indicated considerable effect on the ultrastructure of rat epidermis. The enhancement in permeation of RGE across rat epidermis excised after various treatments for different periods was correlated with the transepidermal water loss of similarly treated viable rat skin. The treatment of HaCaT cell line with piperine influenced the TJ plaque protein zonula occludens (ZO-1) as evidenced by reduced immunofluorescence of anti-TJP1 (ZO-1) antibody in confocal laser scanning microscopic studies. Treatment of HaCaT cells with CTN decreased the intensity of fluorescence on the cell walls only marginally. However, remarkable decrease in the immunofluorescence of anti-TJP1 (ZO-1) antibody was observed after treatment of HaCaT cells with mixture of piperine and CTN. The systemic delivery of RGE in rats was enhanced by 8-fold and 9.5-fold from transdermal formulations containing, respectively, piperine (0.008 % w/v) or piperine (0.008 % w/v)–CTN (1% w/v) mixture as enhancer. Overall, the observations suggested overwhelming influence of piperine and CTN on ZO-1 protein to be responsible for enhancing the percutaneous permeation of RGE.
Incorporation of a Semiconductive Polymer into Mesoporous SBA-15 Platelets: Toward New Luminescent Hybrid Materials

A polyphenylenevinylene derivative electroluminescent polymer was successfully incorporated into the channels of mesoporous silica SBA-15 with platelet morphology, and the obtained material was fully characterized by mean of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption porosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The hybrid host–guest system displays significant pore size and volume restriction, along with luminescent properties that mimic those of the polymer in solution, as a consequence of strongly reduced aggregation of the polymer chains when confined in the SBA-15 channels. Moreover, the new composite material possesses a higher photostability than the pure polymer and represents a promising candidate for further use in the field of optoelectronic dev.
Patterning High Explosives at the Nanoscale

For the first time, we have shown that spin coating and Dip pen nanolithography (DPNTM) are simple methods of preparing energetic materials such as PETN and HMX on the nanoscale, requiring no heating of the energetic material. Nanoscale patterning has been demonstrated by the DPN method while continuous thin films were produced using the spin coating method. Results are presented for preparing continuous PETN thin films of nanometer thickness by the spin coating method and for controlling the architecture of arbitrary nanoscale patterns of PETN and HMX by the DPN method. These methods are simple for patterning energetic materials and can be extended beyond PETN and HMX, opening the door for fundamental studies at the nanoscale.
The Bonding Mechanism in Hardboard Manufacture Review Report

A concept of the bonding mechanism in hardborad manufacture is presented with respect to — the types of bonds formed — the means of creating bonding area between fibers — the effects of fiber direction on bonding and strength in the various board planes the moisture resistance of the bonding achieved. To produce sufficient bonding area, especially in absence of a binder, the plasticization of wood polymers above their glass transition temperature is necessary with the coarse type of thermomechanical fiber bundies used for hardboard. Bond formation at the lignin dominated surface of these fibers then has to take place above a critical temperature: — in the wet process this critical temperature is the glass transition of moist lignin, approximately 115°C — in the dry S—2—S process, for hardboard e.g. from dry insulating board, this critical temperature is the glass transitions of the dry wood polymersv which are all near 220°C The term S—2—S Stands for double smooth or two sides smooth hardboard according to a dry process. Press operations in use for hardboard were experimentally developed in relation to this. Hydrogen bonding at lignin and cellulosic surface areas is then considered to be responsible for the main type of bonding in the press-drying Operation. The development of moisture resistance» such äs wet strength and dimensional stability in hardboard, takes place in the täte pari of the hot press-drying Operation and in dry heat treatment. Moisture resistance is understood to be due in pari to the replacements in the bonding region of hydrogen bonds by covalent inter-fiber bonds, thereby partly crosslinking lignocellulosic material. The effect of unsaturated oils or fats in an oil tempering process is understood äs a co-polymerization reaction producing additional crosslinking. Oleophilic material prevents hydrogen bonding between fibers in the press drying Operation. Only van der WaaTs forces operate in such material. Its presence in fiber-fiber contact area reduces the strength of the board, evident especially in the direction perpendicular to the sheet. Some effects of moisture, temperature and Sorption conditions on strength parameters are discussed.
Dielectric Properties of Reactively Sputtered Films of Aluminum Nitride

Films of AlN, up to 5 μ in thickness, have been grown by diode reactive sputtering under conditions in which the initial residual gas pressure was less than 10−9 Torr. Measurements of resistivity, capacitance, and dielectric loss were made on film sandwich structures in which the electrodes were sputtered films of tantalum and evaporated films of gold and aluminum. In general, the dielectric properties were superior to those reported for ceramic AlN, with film resistivities in the range 1013 Ω-cm and dissipation factors lower than 0.005. Measurements could be made on samples with tantalum electrodes at temperatures up to 500 °C. The results indicate that the capacitance and dissipation factor show smaller changes with temperature for the sputtered films than for bulk material. Some of the consequences of the film structure in relation to dielectric breakdown and piezoelectric properties are discussed.
Characterization of hydrophobic acid fractions in water-soluble organic matter in Dystric Cambisol and in a stream in a small forested watershed: Seasonal and vertical variations in chemical properties

Abstract Chemical properties of hydrophobic acid (HoA) fractions in water-soluble organic matter in soil and water are concerned with its interactions with mineral soil surfaces and organic pollutants. In 2004 we examined the seasonal and vertical changes in chemical properties of the HoA fraction in a Cambisol profile and compared these properties with those in the HoA fraction of an adjacent stream (aquatic humic substances) in a temperate forested watershed using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The HoA fractions from Oi, Oe/Oa, A and B horizon soils in summer had lower O-alkyl C proportions than those recorded in samples in other seasons. The proportions of aromatic C in HoA fractions from A and B horizons were highest in summer. These seasonal variations were less significant than variations with soil depth. O-alkyl C proportions in HoA fractions decreased with increasing soil depth from the Oi to the A horizon. The HoA fractions from the B horizon showed a higher alkyl C proportion than samples from other horizons in winter and spring. These changes with soil depth from the Oi to A horizons might result from selective utilization of carbohydrate carbon by microorganisms, whereas those in the B horizon may result from sorption to mineral surfaces. The HoA fractions in the stream were similar in relative molecular weight, distribution of each type of proton and carbon species in HoA fractions from the B horizon, whereas stream HoA fractions collected in summer would be derived from organic horizons. This indicated that vertical changes in the chemical properties of HoA fractions in soil and pathways of water to the stream would largely affect the chemical properties of HoA fractions in the stream.
Combating Hostility: Covid-19 Fake News and Hostile Post Detection in Social Media

This paper illustrates a detail description of the system and its results that developed as a part of the participation at CONSTRAINT shared task in AAAI-2021. The shared task comprises two tasks: a) COVID19 fake news detection in English b) Hostile post detection in Hindi. Task-A is a binary classification problem with fake and real class, while task-B is a multi-label multi-class classification task with five hostile classes (i.e. defame, fake, hate, offense, non-hostile). Various techniques are used to perform the classification task, including SVM, CNN, BiLSTM, and CNN+BiLSTM with tf-idf and Word2Vec embedding techniques. Results indicate that SVM with tf-idf features achieved the highest 94.39% weighted $f_1$ score on the test set in task-A. Label powerset SVM with n-gram features obtained the maximum coarse-grained and fine-grained $f_1$ score of 86.03% and 50.98% on the task-B test set respectively.