Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The lamellar description of mixing in porous media

We develop a general framework for modelling mixing in porous media flows, in which the scalar mixture is represented as an ensemble of lamellae evolving through stretching, diffusion and coalescence. Detailed numerical simulations in Darcy scale heterogeneous permeability fields are used to analyse the lamella deformation process, which controls the local concentration gradients and thus the evolution of the concentration mixture through stretching enhanced diffusion. The corresponding Lagrangian deformation process is shown to be well modelled by a Langevin equation with multiplicative noise, which can be coupled with diffusion to predict the temporal evolution of the concentration probability density function (PDF). At late times, lamella interaction is enforced by confinement of the mixture within the dispersion area. This process is shown to be well represented by a random aggregation model, which quantifies the frequency of lamella coalescence and allows us to predict the temporal evolution of the concentration PDF in this regime. The proposed theoretical framework provides an accurate prediction of the concentration PDFs at all investigated times, heterogeneity levels and Péclet numbers. In particular, it relates the temporal behaviour of mixing, as quantified by concentration moments, scalar dissipation rate or spatial increments of concentration, to the degree of structural heterogeneity.
Portfolio Optimization Under Tracking Error and Weights Constraints

Active portfolio manager performances are commonly assessed against a benchmark. In this case, his/her performance is often measured by the Information Ratio, the maximization of which is equivalent to the maximization of an expected return under a tracking error constraint. In addition, asset managers often deal with weights constraints (for instance, no more than 10% in equity). These constraints are regulatory or inherent to the fund's policy. We consider a fund manager complying simultaneously with a tracking error (computed for instance, vis-a-vis a bond index) and a weights constraints. These two constraints are not necessarily redundant even when the benchmark complies with the weights constraint. We show, theoretically and through numerical examples that the weights and the tracking error constraints can be simultaneously binding, we consider both equality and inequality weights constraints, derive the analytical and geometrical solutions in both cases and provide financial interpretations based on funds separation. We compute the loss in the Information Ratio due to a weights constraint and analyze the implications on asset allocation and performance measures. In particular, due to the weights constraint, the asset manager may operate under a smaller Information Ratio when free to deviate more from the benchmark (higher Tracking Error). This result undermines the coherence of the Information Ratio as a measure of the ability of asset managers.
The Footprint of CMV Infection May Last a Lifetime

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus able to replicate in fibroblasts, endothelial cells and monocytes [1]. CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, but causes a mononucleosis-like illness in some individuals. CMV disease can manifest as a syndrome or as an acute infection of an organ or tissue. CMV syndrome is characterized by fever, leukopenia, hepato-spleno‐ megaly, myalgias and occasionally pneumonitis. Sites of acute CMV infection include brain, heart, kidneys, liver and eyes. CMV colitis and CMV enteritis are manifestations of CMV disease in solid organ transplant recipients, bone marrow transplant recipients and HIV patients [2]. CMV retinitis was a common AIDS-defining illness before antiretroviral therapy (ART) became available, and remains a significant cause of blindness in HIV patients in the developing world [3]
Descripción semántica de los objetos de aprendizaje para la potenciación de su reusabilidad

Resumen En el diseno de actividades para los Sistemas de Aprendizaje Basados en la Web, el concepto de Objeto Didactico u Objeto de Aprendizaje, se ha perfilado como el eje de un nuevo paradigma que se preocupa por la reutilizacion de contenidos y actividades, por su organizacion desde lo conceptual, el uso de metadatos en formatos conocidos y por el establecimiento de estandares. En este articulo se analiza el concepto de reusabilidad en el contexto de los sistemas mencionados y se proponen los Mapas Conceptuales a la Sowa y los Mapas Conceptuales Hipermediales como esquemas aptos para la representacion de conocimiento, ya que permite una clara visualizacion y tienden a habilitar funcionalidades automatizadas conocidas, de manera precisa. Los mencionados recursos estan orientados a completar la informacion de los metadatos en lo referente al aspecto semantico.
Contrast sensitivity deficits in subjects with glaucoma‐like discs using an oscilloscope‐based method

Abstract The central visual function of 20 subjects with glaucoma‐like discs, normal intraocular pressures and normal visual fields and 20 age‐matched normal subjects was assessed by measuring contrast sensitivity using an oscilloscope technique. The subjects with glaucoma‐like discs exhibited a significant reduction in contrast sensitivity compared to the age‐matched normal; these differences were greatest at spatial frequencies of 2 and 4 cdeg‐1.
Cloning and expression analysis of pos‐1 in the nematodes Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis remanei

The Caenorhabditis elegans pos‐1 gene encodes a zinc‐finger protein that is required for germline specification during embryogenesis. The maternally provided mRNA is translationally regulated both spatially and temporally during early development. We have cloned orthologs of pos‐1 from C. briggsae and C. remanei, two Caenorhabditis species that have diverged from C. elegans by approximately 20–40 million years. Two regions in the 3′ untranslated region are highly conserved among all three species. We find that the pos‐1 RNA is expressed in the hermaphrodite and female gonads of C. briggsae and C. remanei but POS‐1 protein is not detected at high levels in C. briggsae until the 2‐cell stage of embyrogenesis. The protein expression is restricted to the germline precursors of the embryo. We conclude that pos‐1 appears to be translationally regulated in C. briggsae as it is in C. elegans and speculate the conserved 3′ UTR sequences may be involved. Developmental Dynamics 233:1006–1012, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Talking about your health to strangers: understanding the use of online social networks by patients

The internet has become a participatory place where everyone can contribute and interact with others. In health in particular, social media have changed traditional patient–physician relationships. Patients are organising themselves in groups, sharing observations and helping each other, although there is still little evidence of the effectiveness of these online communities on people's health. To understand why and how people use health-related sites, we studied these sites and identified three dimensions characterising most of them: informational/supportive; general/focused; and new relationships/existing ones. We conducted an online survey about the use of health-related social networking (SN) sites and learnt that, consistent with previous research, most patients were seeking information about their medical condition online, while, at the same time, still interacting with health professionals to talk about sensitive information and complex issues. We also found that, while people's natural social network played an important role for emotional support, sometimes, people chose to not involve their family, but instead interact with peers online because of their perceived support and ability to understand someone's experience, and also to maintain a comfortable emotional distance. Finally, our results show that people using general SN sites do not necessarily use health-related sites and vice versa.
Conservation of epitopes in the oligosaccharide portion of the lipooligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b

The antigenic characteristics of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were examined in strains obtained over an extended period of time. These Hib strains were isolated from patients with systemic Hib disease in Dallas, Tex. , over a 20-year period and in New York City between 1941 and 1956. The antigenic characteristics of the LOS of these Hib strains were examined by using a set of four murine monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes present in the oligosaccharide portion of the LOS molecule. The same basic set of LOS antigenic determinants that is expressed by recent Hib isolates was also found to be present in this collection of Hib strains spanning a 40-year period. Some variation with time was detected in the distribution of the systemic disease isolates among four Hib LOS antigenic groups; however, only 2 of 188 Hib isolates failed to react with a set of two LOS-specific monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, little variation has occurred among Hib strains with regard to the LOS epitopes defined by these monoclonal antibodies over a considerable period of time.
User Expertise Inference on Twitter: Learning from Multiple Types of User Data

This paper proposes a learning model that tries to infer a user's topical expertise using multiple types of user-related data from Twitter such as tweets posted by the user and the characteristics of their followers. It considers inference consistency of different types of user data in the process of learning and aims to deliver accurate and effective inference results, even in cases where some types of data are missing for a user, e.g. the user has yet to post any tweets. Experiments conducted on a large-scale Twitter dataset show that our model outperforms several baseline approaches which use only a single type of user data for inference.
On the phase sequence characteristics of interharmonics

Phase sequence is an important attribute of voltages and currents in three phase power systems. This paper investigates the sequence characteristics of interharmonic components. Three common cases involving interharmonics are analyzed. These are variable frequency drives (VFD), motors with fluctuating mechanical loads and general fluctuating impedance loads. The results reveal that interharmonics can have either positive or negative sequence and are rarely zero sequence. Its sequence cannot be determined by examining the interharmonic frequency alone. The general rule is that the sequence of interharmonics is the same as that of the supply system harmonic components being modulated. If the resulting interharmonic frequency produced by the modulation process is negative, the sequence of the interharmonic component will change from positive to negative or vice versa. The findings of this paper will help to improve our understandings on the characteristics of interharmonics and can be useful for the development of interharmonic simulation programs.
Early Detection of Plant Physiological Responses to Different Levels of Water Stress Using Reflectance Spectroscopy

Early detection of water stress is critical for precision farming for improving crop productivity and fruit quality. To investigate varying rootstock and irrigation interactions in an open agricultural ecosystem, different irrigation treatments were implemented in a vineyard experimental site either: (i) nonirrigated (NIR); (ii) with full replacement of evapotranspiration (FIR); or (iii) intermediate irrigation (INT, 50% replacement of evapotranspiration). In the summers 2014 and 2015, we collected leaf reflectance factor spectra of the vineyard using field spectroscopy along with grapevine physiological parameters. To comprehensively analyze the field-collected hyperspectral data, various band combinations were used to calculate the normalized difference spectral index (NDSI) along with 26 various indices from the literature. Then, the relationship between the indices and plant physiological parameters were examined and the strongest relationships were determined. We found that newly-identified NDSIs always performed better than the indices from the literature, and stomatal conductance (Gs) was the plant physiological parameter that showed the highest correlation with NDSI(R603,R558) calculated using leaf reflectance factor spectra (R2 = 0.720). Additionally, the best NDSI(R685,R415) for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was determined (R2 = 0.681). Gs resulted in being a proxy of water stress. Therefore, the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method was utilized to develop a predictive model for Gs. Our results showed that the PLSR model was inferior to the NDSI in Gs estimation (R2 = 0.680). The variable importance in the projection (VIP) was then employed to investigate the most important wavelengths that were most effective in determining Gs. The VIP analysis confirmed that the yellow band improves the prediction ability of hyperspectral reflectance factor data in Gs estimation. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of hyperspectral spectroscopy data in motoring plant stress response.
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: A Perturbation of Carbon Cycle, Climate, and Biosphere with Implications for the Future

During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), ∼56 Mya, thousands of petagrams of carbon were released into the ocean-atmosphere system with attendant changes in the carbon cycle, climate, ocean chem- istry, and marine and continental ecosystems. The period of carbon release is thought to have lasted <20 ka, the duration of the whole event was ∼200 ka, and the global temperature increase was 5-8 ◦ C. Terrestrial and marine or- ganisms experienced large shifts in geographic ranges, rapid evolution, and changes in trophic ecology, but few groups suffered major extinctions with the exception of benthic foraminifera. The PETM provides valuable insights into the carbon cycle, climate system, and biotic responses to environmental change that are relevant to long-term future global changes.
Validation and performance evaluation of the partition and replicate algorithm

The partition-and-replicate-strategy (PRS) algorithm for distributed query processing is evaluated and its performance is validated. Although in principle PRS is better than single-site processing, early experimental results indicate the contrary. Based on experimental results, the factor which causes performance deterioration is identified and a remedy is provided. As a result, it is shown that the PRS strategy outperforms single-site processing in a realistic environment and that various parameters, such as the number of processing sites, partitioning speed relative to join speed, and sizes of the join relations, affect the performance of the PRS strategy significantly. Among these parameters, the algorithm is most sensitive to the partition speed. <<ETX>>
True Recurrences and New Primary Tumors Have Different Clinical Features in Invasive Breast Cancer Patients with Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Relapse After Breast‐Conserving Treatment

Abstract: Ipsilateral breast tumor relapse (IBTR) after breast‐conserving treatment (BCT) may represent two distinct types of lesion, including a true recurrence (TR) or a new primary tumor (NPT). The aim of this study was to ascertain the difference between TRs and NPTs and to show the clinical significance of classifying IBTR into these two types of recurrence. Patients (n = 2,075) with unilateral invasive breast cancer who underwent BCT between 1987 and 2005 at Saitama Cancer Center were analyzed. IBTR was classified into TR and NPT, which was based on all clinical and pathological features of both a primary tumor and IBTR that can be evaluated. IBTR‐free survival and the risk factors were analyzed in order to compare the findings for TR and NPT. In addition, the salvage surgical methods for IBTR and overall survival after IBTR were analyzed. Sixty patients with IBTR were classified into 52 with TR and eight with NPT. IBTR‐free survival was significantly shorter in the patients with TR than those with NPT. Young age, tumor size, a positive surgical margin, and omission of radiation therapy (RT) were significant risk factors for TR. Omission of RT was the only significant risk factor for NPT. In 27 patients who underwent a repeat lumpectomy for TR, four had a second IBTR. The overall survival after IBTR was worse in patients with TR than NPT. TR and NPT show quite different clinical features. Classifying IBTR into TR or NPT can therefore help to select the most appropriate treatment for IBTR.
Crecimiento económico y convergencia urbana en España

INTRODUCCION CAPITULO I: ANTECEDENTES METODOLOGICOS CA1.1. Crecimiento economico regional y urbano CA1.2. Modelos de convergencia y externalidades espaciales CAPITULO 2: AREAS URBANAS: DEFINICION Y BASES DE DATOS CA2.1. Definicion de las areas urbanas de Espana CA2.2. Variables de actividad economica municipal y provincial en el periodo 1985-2003 CA2.2. 2.2. 1. El Anuario del Mercado Espanol CA2.2. 2.2.2. El Anuario Economico de Espana CA2.3. Proceso de estimacion del PIB municipal CA2.2. 2.3. 1. Especificacion/estimacion de un modelo provincial
Incidence of work‐related hand eczema during apprenticeship: first results of a prospective cohort study in the car industry

Data on the incidence and prevalence of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) are scarce, and most of our knowledge about OCD is derived from clinical case reports or clinical studies of in‐ and out‐patients. Therefore, we investigated in the epidemiological, prospective Audi cohort study ( PACO study) the incidences of work‐related hand eczema in different apprenticeships of Audi AG. In total, 2078 apprentices were investigated at the start of their apprenticeship and systematically followed up over a 3‐year period. At the end of the study, information on 2042 (98.2% follow‐up) apprentices was available. The 1‐year cumulative incidences of hand eczema were 9.2% (95%‐confidence interval 7.8–10.7) in metalworkers, 8.8% (95%‐CI 7.0–10.7) in other blue‐collar workers, and 4.6% (95%‐CI 2.3–8.1) in white‐collar apprentices. The 3‐year cumulative incidences of hand eczema were 15.3% (95%‐CI 13.6–17.2) in metalworkers, 14.1% (95%‐CI 11.8–16.5) in other blue‐collar workers, and 6.9% (95%‐CI 4.0–10.9) in white‐collar apprentices. In females, the cumulative incidence of hand eczema was higher compared to men (1‐year incidence 10.1%, 95%‐CI 7.7–13.0, versus 8.3%, 95%‐CI 7.1–9.5; 3‐year incidence 16.1%, 95%‐CI 13.1–19.5 versus 13.6%, 95%‐CI 12.2–15.2). In some occupations, like cooks, tool mechanics, milling cutters and varnishers, the incidence of hand eczema was significantly increased. In those occupations, however, no job change was necessary, and no notifiable occupational contact dermatitis occurred. The incidence was not uniformly distributed over the 3‐year period. Within the first 6 months, a particularly high rate of hand eczema occurred, which then declined and remained steady at a lower rate over the 2nd and the 3rd years. The results of our study give important suggestions for preventive measures at the workplace and effective occupational pre‐employment advices.
VARIATION IN ACTIVITY OF MONOAMINE METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN RAT LIVER DURING PREGNANCY

1 Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in rat liver were measured during pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Compared with activity in non‐pregnant controls, both enzymes showed a significant decrease in activity which was most pronounced at day 18. 2 The metabolism of intravenously infused [3 H]‐adrenaline to [3 H]‐metanephrine and to [3 H]‐acidic metabolites was also significantly depressed during pregnancy but had returned to control values by the 21st day. 3 The effects of reserpine and/or nialamide on hepatic COMT and MAO were studied in control and 20‐day‐pregnant rats. Their action on COMT activity differed in the two groups. MAO was inhibited to a similar extent in these groups whether the drugs were given separately or in combination. 4 It seems possible that the changes in endocrine function which occur during pregnancy are responsible for the observed alterations in enzyme activity.
FGF receptor availability regulates skeletal myogenesis.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors are critical participants in embryonic development, including the genesis of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. FGF signaling is mediated through interactions between multiple FGF ligands and transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors, resulting in activation of a number of signal transduction pathways. Skeletal myocytes express FGF ligands and receptors in a coordinated fashion, suggesting that these molecules participate in autocrine signaling in the myocyte. Endogenously produced FGF has been shown to inhibit myogenesis, but the role of FGF receptor availability in directing myocyte proliferation and differentiation has not been established. To determine the contribution of receptor availability to the regulation of myogenesis, receptor availability was either increased by expressing a full-length FGF receptor-1 or decreased by expressing a truncated FGF receptor-1 in cultured skeletal myocytes. Constitutive expression of a full-length FGF receptor-1 increased myocyte proliferation and delayed differentiation. Conversely, a reduction in functional FGF receptor signaling by expression of a truncated FGF receptor-1 decreased proliferation and enhanced differentiation of myocytes. These data demonstrate that FGF receptor availability plays a critical regulatory role in skeletal myogenesis.
Progressive Perfusion Impairment during Prolonged Low Flow Myocardial Ischemia in Dogs

Recent studies hare shown that after total coronary artery occlusion, there is impaired "reflow" of Mood accompanied by myocardial and capillary endotbdial cell swelling. To investigate the effect of prolonged low flow myocardial Ischemia on coronary vascolar resistance, regional hypoperfusion of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery was studied in 31 aotooomically blocked dogs on right heart bypass. Heart rate, aortic pressure, and, during ischemia, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were held constant. The distal left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused at a substantially reduced perfusion pressure which resulted in an antegrade coronary Mood flow that usually was between 3% and 7% (0.5–1 ml/min) of control. When relative hypothermia (33–34°C) was induced in nine dogs, left anterior descending coronary artery vascular resistance did not change during 23–3 hours of low flow ischemia. Under euthermic conditions (37–40°C) in 17 dogs there was a consistent progressive increase in distal left anterior descending coronary artery vascular resistance starting at 90 minutes (median) after onset of ischemia. By 110–140 minutes iscbemic antegrade flow decreased by 35 ± 4% (sem) (P < 0.01). Directionally similar flow changes were observed in six eutbermk experiments using the krypton-85 washout technique. Light microscopy did not reveal hemorrhage as a cause of The increased vascular resistance. The perfusion impairment did not occur to two euthennic, aoniscbemic hearts. In five dogs elevation of serum osmolality by 23 ± 11 mOsmol/liter with mannitol attenuated the progressive decrease in flow. Thus, a progressive perfmioo defect exists in the ischemic low flow state in The heart which presumably contributes to The extent of eventual necrosis.