Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health continuity over mid-later years in enduring marriages: Economic pressure as couple- and individual-level mediator

Health problems in midlife have been shown to continue into later adulthood. This continuity may be attributed to social selection and social causation, with longitudinal sequential associations between health problems and economic pressure (EP) over the life course creating mediational effects (health → EP → health). Moreover, in enduring marriages, this potential mediation may operate as a dyadic process over time. Yet this mediational process involving health problems and economic pressure has not been adequately investigated in couple contexts. Using a sample of 257 husbands and wives in enduring marriages, we investigated multilevel mediation processes between health problems and EP from midlife to later adulthood. The results indicate unique couple- and individual-level (only for husbands) mediation processes of health problems in the couple context, emphasizing the value of considering both couple- and individual-level health processes when developing health interventions.
Relation of Gratitude Disposition, Organizational Intimacy and Organizational Well-being on Comprehensive Nursing Service Units of Nurses

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between gratitude disposition, organizational intimacy, and organizational well-being among nurses on comprehensive nursing service units. Methods: This study was a descriptive correlation study. Participants were 150 nurses working in comprehensive nursing service units. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Gratitude disposition correlated positively with organizational intimacy (r=.53, p<.001) and organizational well-being (r=.59, p<.001). Gratitude disposition and organizational intimacy were factors affecting organizational well-being. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest organizational well-being can be increased by enhancing gratitude disposition and organizational intimacy. Further study is needed to develop and test for application, a gratitude and organizational intimacy promotion program for nurses on comprehensive nursing service units.
Social and Emotional Learning: A Principled Science of Human Development in Context

Decades of research and practice in social and emotional development have left us with a body of knowledge that tells us that (1) social, emotional, and cognitive development are intertwined in the brain and in behavior and influence school and life outcomes; (2) social, emotional, and cognitive skills and competencies grow in supportive relationships and are influenced by experience and context; and (3) there are programs and practices that have been shown to be effective in supporting these skills and competencies. The science of social and emotional learning is distinct in that it represents a blend of the developmental and applied sciences. In this article, we summarize a key framework that has guided much of the research and practical work of social and emotional learning, and we synthesize the major areas of research that have propelled the field forward. We then turn to what’s next, describing and illustrating 4 essential principles that should guide work in the future.
Human activity classification with miniature inertial sensors

Human Activity Classification with Miniature Inertial Sensors Orkun Tunçel M.S. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Billur Barshan July 2009 This thesis provides a comparative study on activity recognition using miniature inertial sensors (gyroscopes and accelerometers) and magnetometers worn on the human body. The classification methods used and compared in this study are: a rule-based algorithm (RBA) or decision tree, least-squares method (LSM), k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN), dynamic time warping (DTW1 and DTW-2), and support vector machines (SVM). In the first part of this study, eight different leg motions are classified using only two single-axis gyroscopes. In the second part, human activities are classified using five sensor units worn on different parts of the body. Each sensor unit comprises a tri-axial gyroscope, a tri-axial accelerometer and a tri-axial magnetometer. Different feature sets extracted from the raw sensor data and these are used in the classification process. A number of feature extraction and reduction techniques (principal component analysis) as well as different cross-validation techniques have been implemented and compared. A performance comparison of these classification methods is provided in terms of their correct differentiation rates, confusion matrices, pre-processing and training times and classification times. Among the classification techniques we have considered and implemented, SVM, in general,
Australian Rock Art of the Pleistocene

The recognition of the occurrence of Pleistocene rock art in Australia is reviewed in the context of historical developments as well as recent observations. The frequency of misinterpretations of reported data and their effects are discussed, with particular emphasis on the traditional heartland of the 'Panaramitee style', in NE South Australia. Despite the continuing paucity of credibly dated examples, it is apparent that most rock art of the earliest phase has survived as petroglyphs rather than pictograms, which is consistent with the evidence from the rest of the world. An attempt is made to characterise Australian petroglyphs that are probably of the Pleistocene, and to estimate their potential number. In comparing them with the Pleistocene rock art of other continents their close similarity with traditions elsewhere belonging to Mode 3 lithic industries is noted.
The Spinning Quality Control Management Based on Decision Making by Data Mining Techniques

This work demonstrated the possibility of using the data mining techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) based model to predict the quality of the spinning yarn parameters. Three different kernel functions were used as SVM kernel functions which are Polynomial and Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Pearson VII Function-based Universal Kernel (PUK) and ANN model were used as data mining techniques to predict yarn properties. In this paper, it was found that the SVM model based on Person VII kernel function (PUK) have the same performance in prediction of spinning yarn quality in comparison with SVM based RBF kernel. The comparison with the ANN model showed that the two SVM models give a better prediction performance than an ANN model.
Shame triggers paranoid symptoms in adolescents with elevated psychosis proneness

ABSTRACT Paranoia is common in psychotic disorders, tends to cause suffering, and is difficult to successfully treat. Knowledge about causes and precursors of paranoia is needed to enable prevention. Theoretical models stress the significance of negative affect in the emergence of paranoia. Experimental research is needed to test these assumptions. It was expected that shame as a specific negative emotion would trigger paranoid symptoms, especially in adolescents with elevated psychosis proneness. In an experimental online study, 297 adolescents from the general population (14–17 years) were randomly assigned to a shame induction versus comparison condition. The induction successfully induced shame, but there were no differences between the groups in paranoid symptoms. However, there was a significant indirect effect from the induction on paranoid symptoms through shame but not through any of the other investigated affective states (anxiety, sadness, happiness, anger). As expected, psychosis proneness served as a moderator. Among participants with elevated psychosis proneness (n = 115), paranoid symptoms were higher in the shame group than in the comparison group (d = 0.37, p = .048). Results imply that shame triggers paranoid symptoms in adolescents with elevated psychosis proneness. If further corroborated, shame and how to deal with it could be worthy targets of interventions to prevent paranoia.
A Tale of Two Treatments

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the transition in my treatment of Eric, from a more self-psychological perspective to a more relational stance. My thesis is that multiple theories may be necessary when conceptualizing and implementing the treatment of an individual, and, further, that a change in one’s listening approach can signal progress in analysis. I hope to demonstrate, through clinical material, how a shift in perspective is sometimes necessary to facilitate therapeutic change.
The role of schematic support in strategy choice during cognitive skill learning

This study examines influences on strategic differences in skill learning that occur with increasing age. Older adults differ in their strategic approach to cognitive skill acquisition tasks, where their progression from slow algorithmic processing to faster memory-based processing is slowed relative to young adults. In addition to difficulties older adults have with learning new associations, the difference in task approach has been linked to strategic choice, where factors such as lower confidence change how they interact with the task (e.g., Touron, 2015). The present study sought to understand older adults’ strategic task approach by manipulating the task items to be more naturalistic with everyday experience. Participants completed a task that associated grocery items with prices, which are easier to learn if the prices are consistent with everyday experience (Castel, 2005). The relations between the grocery items and prices were manipulated to be familiar by approximating market prices, or to be unfamiliar by being overpriced. I found that use of the market-prices facilitates older adults’ strategic approach to the task, demonstrated through greater and earlier use of memory-based processing than older adults with overpriced items. Surprisingly, the young adults in the overpriced condition also showed less use of memory-based processing, linked with lower task confidence; young adults have not previously shown reluctance to use memory strategies in cognitive skill acquisition tasks. Consequences of task confidence are discussed, as well as implications for theories of cognitive skill acquisition.
A Structural Model of Marital Commitment Prediction based on Personality Traits by the Mediation of Attachment Styles and Self-differentiation

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to develop a structural model for marital commitment based on personality traits according to the mediating role of attachment styles and self-differentiation. Method: In a correlational research method, 409 volunteers (204 women and 205 men) were selected by convenience sampling method among the married students of the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch in 2017. They answered to the following questionnaires: Neo-FFI, Adult Attachment Style, self-differentiation and Marital Commitment. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling by SPSS and LISREL software packages. Results: Findings showed that in overall, a prediction model of marital commitment based on personality traits, attachment styles, and self-differentiation was confirmed and its fit goodness was approved. In regards to the RMSEA index, the fit goodness of the model was approved, as well. Regarding direct ways, all were confirmed except the effect of attachment styles on marital commitment. Besides, regarding indirect ways, the effect of attachment styles on the marital commitment was confirmed through the mediating role of self-differentiation. Conclusion: This study shows that focusing on personality traits, attachment styles, and self-differentiation can cause considerable effects on increasing marital commitment.
A Study of Social Science Technology Indicators for Social Science Teachers

It is to be expected that a technology study that is inconclusive of the year 1998 through the year 2009 will exhibit some degree of variation in both technology and technology skills. The current National Educational Technological Standards for students and for teachers have been revised since the original longitudinal study was developed and implemented. As a National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education Board of Examiners member and The National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education Program Review Auditor, the author is extremely aware of the role of current educational technology in the unit assessment as well as in specific candidate assessment for the preparing Pk-12 classroom teachers. Do teaching candidates have the skills to plan and teach technology rich lesson plans and resource units? How might the education courses enhance the candidates’ skills in planning, teaching
Making authentic: exploring boundary objects and bricolage in knowledge mobilisation through National Health Service-university partnerships

Background: In healthcare, bridging the research-to-practice gap is a top priority. Knowledge mobilisation scholars suggest that this gap can be closed through collaboration between knowledge users and producers. The concept of boundary objects – shared things and ideas that enable communication – has gained popularity across various collaborative work practices, but their potential within knowledge mobilisation in health care is understudied. An ongoing challenge for designers of boundary objects is how to create objects that are valued and shared both in principle and in practice. Aims and objectives: This paper reports on a study of boundary objects used during knowledge mobilisation through NHS-university partnerships called Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs). The distinction is investigated between boundary objects-in-theory and boundary objects-in-use, considering whether the latter possess specific characteristics which make them more effective during knowledge mobilisation. Methods: A qualitative case study of three CLAHRCs was conducted. Twenty-one people employed as ‘boundary spanners’ were interviewed to explore whether boundary objects played a role in knowledge mobilisation. Findings: The most effective boundary objects-in-use were co-produced through a process of bricolage. These possessed high levels of meaningfulness and resonance, and reconciled multiple user perspectives. Together these properties contributed to the overall authenticity of boundary objects-in-use. Discussion and conclusion: This paper helps to explain why designated boundary objects frequently fail in practice, and why there is a need to focus on understanding boundary objects based on symbolic, rather than structural, dimensions.
Altered Cingulate Cortex Functional Connectivity in Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Purpose Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies revealed that the brain is organized into specialized networks constituted by regions that show a coherent fluctuation of spontaneous activity. Among these networks, the cingulate cortex appears to play a crucial role, particularly in the default mode network, the dorsal attention network and the salience network. In the present study, we mapped the functional connectivity (FC) pattern of different regions of the cingulate cortex: the anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex/retro splenial cortex, which have been in turn divided into a total of 9 subregions. We compared FC patterns of the cingulate subregions in a sample of mild cognitive impairment patients and healthy elderly subjects. Methods We enrolled 19 healthy elders (age range: 61–72 y.o.) and 16 Mild cognitive impairment patients (age range 64–87 y.o.). All participants had comparable levels of education (8–10 years) and were neurologically examined to exclude visual and motor impairments, major medical conditions, psychiatric or neurological disorders and consumption of psychotropic drugs. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment was performed according to Petersen criteria. Subjects were evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, and prose memory (Babcock story) tests. In addition, with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we investigated resting-state network activities. Results Healthy elderly, compared to mild cognitive impairment, showed significant increased level of FC for the ventral part of the anterior cingulate cortex in correspondence to the bilateral caudate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, for the midcingulate cortex the healthy elderly group showed increased levels of FC in the somatomotor region, prefrontal cortex, and superior parietal lobule. Meanwhile, the mild cognitive impairment group showed an increased level of FC for the superior frontal gyrus, frontal eye field and orbitofrontal cortex compared to the healthy elderly group. Conclusion Our findings indicate that cognitive decline observed in mild cognitive impairment patients damages the global FC of the cingulate cortex, supporting the idea that abnormalities in resting-state activities of the cingulate cortex could be a useful additional tool in order to better understand the brain mechanisms of MCI.
Understanding Undergraduate Food Behaviours: A Spatiotemporal and Socioeconomic Analysis

Food behaviours and food insecurity are complex topics, but there is minimal research on the food behaviours of post-secondary students, a population at higher risk of food insecurity. To understand the financial and temporal constraints faced by this population, this study uses a mixed-method approach. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted, and an online survey was administered to 743 undergraduate students at the University of Toronto. The results of the analyses indicate students who live with their families’ face fewer barriers to accessing food, and students are more likely to report a healthy diet when they prioritize healthful food consumption. The findings demonstrate a need for more research on undergraduate student nutrition and lifestyle in relation to temporal and financial constraints. Such work will help universities and public health researchers gain a better understanding of how students purchase, prepare, and consume food, and ultimately contribute to student success and wellbeing.
Managing images of trustworthiness in organizations

Author(s): Elsbach, KD | Abstract: To possess an image of interpersonal trustworthiness is to be perceived by others as displaying (now and in the future) competence, benevolence, and integrity in one's behaviors and beliefs (Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman 1995; Mayer and Davis 1999). In this definition, interpersonal trustworthiness is defined as a perception of trustworthiness from and about social interactions. In a corporate context, competence refers to the abilities and skills that allow a manager to have power and influence in the organization, benevolence refers to a manager's desire to do good on behalf of organizational members, and integrity refers to a manager's adherence to principles or ideals that an organization's members find acceptable. This definition is based on recent frameworks which define trust as "a willingness to be vulnerable to the actions of another party. " (Mayer and Davis 1999, 124). That is, where trust is defined as a willingness or intent to submit to the actions of another, trustworthiness is defined as a perception that a trusted person, a trustee, will exhibit specific behaviors that commonly engender a willingness to submit to that person's actions. These definitions of trust and trustworthiness are supported by recent research that identifies both motivation and ability as bases of trust in organizations (Mishra 1996; Brockner and Siegel 1996), and uses the components of intention and belief to define trust (McKnight, Cummings, and Chervany 1998). 1 Such definitions seem particularly appropriate in managerial settings, where trust often means submitting to the direction of leaders with little knowledge about the consequences of those directions. In such risky or ambiguous situations, perceived trustworthiness has been shown to be an important factor in engendering people's willingness to subject themselves to the actions of others (Kramer and Tyler 1996). For example, F. David Schoorman, Roger C. Mayer, and James H. Davis (1996) found that perceived trustworthiness in a staff member contributed significantly to a veterinarian's willingness to delegate to that staff member risky tasks such as administering anesthesia. Similarly, in a fourteenmonth field study of management performance appraisal systems, Mayer and Davis (1999) found that enhancing perceived benevolence, integrity, and competence by means of implementing a new performance appraisal system increased employees "willingness to let top management have control over" employee and organizational well-being. Copyright © 2004 by Russell Sage Foundation. All rights reserved.
How Cities Erode Gender Inequality: A New Theory and Evidence from Cambodia

Support for gender equality has increased globally, and studies of this trend usually examine individual- and/or country-level factors. However, this overlooks subnational variation. City-dwellers are more likely to support gender equality in education, employment, leadership, and leisure. This article investigates the causes of rural–urban differences through comparative, qualitative research in Cambodia. The emergence of rural garment factories presents a quasi-natural experiment to test the theory that female employment enhances support for gender equality. Rural female employment may diminish rural–urban differences in gender inequalities or there may be other important aspects of city-living (beyond female employment) that amplify support for gender equality. Drawing on Cambodian fieldwork, I suggest that cities raise the opportunity costs of the male breadwinner model, increase exposure to women in socially valued roles, and provide more associational avenues to collectively contest established practices. Interests, exposure, and association reinforce a snowballing process of social change. By investigating the causes of subnational variation, I advance a new theory of growing support for gender equality.
Understanding the Early Adjustment Experiences of Undergraduate Distance Education Students in South Africa

Much research in face-to-face contexts outlines the importance of early adjustment on students’ higher education experiences. However, few studies have replicated this research in distance learning contexts to unpack the early multifaceted adjustments associated with studying in absence of a physical campus. This is particularly needed from a Global South perspective, where countries like South Africa have become regional hubs for distance learners. To explore distance learners’ adjustment experiences, this study analysed results from a Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) with 320 distance learners at the University of South Africa, mixed with qualitative thematic analysis of open-ended questions. The results outlined key factors that impact distance learning experiences for students in South Africa, including demographic variables, class, language, and access to resources. These findings, compared with similar work in face-to-face contexts, suggest areas in need of additional support from distance education providers in South Africa and beyond.