Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Code-switching in monologue and dialogue: Activation and alignment in bilingual language production

This chapter introduces the central topic of this thesis: code-switching. It gives an overview of structural linguistic, sociolinguistic, and psycholinguistic approaches to code-switching, after which the theoretical and methodological differences between these approaches are highlighted. Next, it introduces a new angle to the study of code-switching that has the potential to unite current approaches and to provide a more comprehensive account of code-switching. This approach is based on Pickering and Garrod’s (2004) interactive alignment model, which is a model of language processing in dialogue that specifies the interplay of individual and interpersonal processes in language use. This model is combined with elements from current approaches to code-switching to form a theoretical framework for the study of code-switching. The chapter ends with an overview of the empirical chapters that are reported in this thesis, in which several aspects of interactive alignment are studied in combination with specific lexical, syntactic, and speaker-related factors of code-switching. * This chapter is partly based on: Kootstra, G. J., van Hell, J. G. , & Dijkstra, T. (2009). Two speakers, one dialogue: An interactive alignment perspective on code-switching in bilingual speakers. In L. Isurin, D. Winford, & K. de Bot (Eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Code Switching (pp. 129-159). Amsterdam Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
AYDINLANMA ÇAĞININ İÇECEĞİ KAHVEDEN POSTMODERN DÖNEMİN KÜRESEL TÜKETİM AKTÖRÜ KAHVEYE BİR YOLCULUK: LONDRA ÖRNEĞİ

Gunumuzun akiskan ve baglantili dunyasinda kuresellesme ideasinin ekonomik ve sinifsal hiyerarsilerin azalimina katkida bulunacagi dusuncesi zamanla yerini daha rasyonel bir gerceklige birakmistir. Kuresellesme; kuresel urunlerin tuketiminin kapsayiciligi anlaminda genisleyerek, tuketimin yerel kontrol sinirlarinin disina tasmasini ve kuresel boyutlarda deneyimlenmesini beraberinde getirmistir. Bununla birlikte tuketim artik bireyin kisisel ihtiyaclarinin giderilmesinin otesine gecmekte, birey kendini tukettigi seyler uzerinde tanimlamaya yonelmektedir. Ancak bu urunler en nadir olanlar degil, tam tersine en cok satilan, en fazla tercih edilen olmaktadir. Kuresel urunlere sahip olma duygusunun beraberinde getirdigi cogunluga ait olma hazzi, urunun fiziksel deneyimlenisi ile yer degistirmekte ve birey, seckinligi niceligine ickin bu topluluga ait olmayanlardan farklilasarak ozellesmektedir. Bunun bir ornegi olarak gunumuzde kahvenin tasidigi anlam da kuresel kahve zincirleri baglaminda farklilasmistir. Kahvenin metalasma surecinde izledigi yol Akil Cagi’nin ideal icecegi temsilinin bir yansimasi olarak Aydinlanma dusuncesinin kapitalizme evrilisine paralellik gostermis; ayiltici ve algiyi yukseltici ozelligi ile burjuva kamusal alaninin icecegi, kuresel bir tuketim aktorune donusmustur. Bu baglamda calisma kapsaminda tuketim urunlerinin etkisinin kuresel duzeyde etkilerini gozlemleyebilmek amaciyla kuresel egilime dahil olma duygusunun ulusal sinirlarin disinda etkisini daha da yogun bir bicimde gosterip gostermedigi incelenmis, Londra’yi ziyaret eden bireyler kapsaminda yorumlanmaya calisilmistir. Katilimcilara niceliksel ve acik uclu sorularin yer aldigi zamansal baglamda iki ayri anket yoneltilmis ve kahve tuketim tercihlerinin daha “kuresel” olan kahve zincirleri tarafinda sekillendigi gozlemlenmistir.
AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE ON THEPOEMS ENTITLED “CLASSIC POETRY SERIES”BY WILLIAM BLAKE

MINHATUL MAULA: AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE ON THE POEMS ENTITLED “CLASSIC POETRY SERIES” BY WILLIAM BLAKE In literature, there are several models of literary works, one of them is poem. Poem is the most literary works contain elements of beauty. This can be seen from the characteristics of poem that use figurative language, choice of words and messages are expressed by the author. Those characteristics are difficult to be understood by people in learning a poem. Therefore, this issue is very important to be studied and analyzed. The aims of this research are to know the types of figurative language are used in the poems especially in collection of William Blake’s poems, and the messages are generated from that poem. The theory which used in this research is the theory of Giroux, it is that Figurative language is language which departs from the straight-forward use of words. It creates a special effect, clarifies an idea, and makes writing more colorful and forceful. Accordingly, there are 14 kinds of figurative languages; they are Alliteration, Allusions, Hyperbole, Irony, Litotes, Metaphor, Metonymy, Onomatopoeia, Paradox, Personification, Pun, Simile, Synecdoche, and Symbol. This research is qualitative research. The analysis of research on a book about William Blake's poetry collection, which numbered approximately more than one hundred of poems and the writer take three of poems as a sample. Techniques of collecting data use library research and content analysis as the technique of analyzing data. The results of research showed that from three poems as the sample of collection of William Blake’s poems, there are 11 kinds of figurative language are used in the collection of William Blake's poem; they are Alliteration, Hyperbole, Irony, Litotes, Metaphor, Metonymy, Paradox, Personification, Pun, Simile, and Synecdoche. And the most commonly used is Hyperbole. There are many difference message are expressed by the William Blake in every stanza of those poems. There are 11 kinds of figurative language are used in the collection of William Blake's poem; they are Alliteration, Hyperbole, Irony, Litotes, Metaphor, Metonymy, Paradox, Personification, Pun, Simile, and Synecdoche. And the most commonly used is Hyperbole. From a variety of figurative language used in the poem, there are many different messages that can be taken from that poems, one of them is people should not compare our situation with the others, and belittle themselves, because everyone is same, which distinguishes humans from the other is moral in God's view.
Extraction of Finger-Vein Patterns Using Gabor Filter in Finger vein Image Profiles

Now a days,A biometrics techniques such as fingerprints,palm prints,faces and irises recognition have been widely used in many different applications such as door access control system ,a secure personal authentication for computers,online banking, automatic teller machines for transaction and border-crossing controls system. but The research on finger vein recognition or authentication technology has become a new hot spot due to its superior security features and user acceptance in recent years.As Finger vein recognition uses the unique patterns of finger veins images to identify individuals at a high level of accuracy and security.The major concern in a Biometric Identification System is its accuracy. In spite of the improvements in image acquisition and image processing techniques, the amount of research still being carried out in person verification and identification show that a recognition system which gives 0 percentage FAR (False Acceptance Rate) and FRR (False Rejection Rate) is still not a reality.In this work, we propose to formulate the framework for the finger vein feature extraction using multi-orientation Gabor filters. The morphological operations are further employed to enhance the extracted vein structures. The proposed method extracts the finger-vein pattern from the unclear image by using Gabor filter.Hence This paper will gives a new approach or technique to improve the performance of finger vein identification systems which is presented in the literature.
Cam-phasing Optimization Using Artificial Neural Networks as Surrogate Models-Fuel Consumption and NOx Emissions

Cam-phasing is increasingly considered as a feasible Variable Valve Timing (VVT) technology for production engines. Additional independent control variables in a dual-independent VVT engine increase the complexity of the system, and achieving its full benefit depends critically on devising an optimum control strategy. A traditional approach relying on hardware experiments to generate set-point maps for all independent control variables leads to an exponential increase in the number of required tests and prohibitive cost. Instead, this work formulates the task of defining actuator set-points as an optimization problem. In our previous study, an optimization framework was developed and demonstrated with the objective of maximizing torque at full load. This study extends the technique and uses the optimization framework to minimize fuel consumption of a VVT engine at part load. By adding a penalty term for NOx emissions in the optimization objective, the tradeoff of fuel consumption and NOx emissions is explored. The methodology relies on high-fidelity simulations for pre-optimality studies and as means of generating data that characterize engine behavior in the multidimensional space. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are then trained on sets of high-fidelity simulation data and used as surrogate models, thus enabling optimization runs requiring hundreds of function evaluations. A case study performed for a DaimlerChrysler 2.4 liter fourcylinder SI engine demonstrates the use of the algorithm for minimizing fuel consumption while simultaneously meeting NOx emission targets.
A hybrid static/dynamic approach to scheduling stream programs

Streaming languages such as Streamlt are often utilized to write stream programs that execute on multicore processors. Stream programs consist of actors that operate on streams of data. To execute on multiple cores, actors are scheduled for parallel execution while satisyfing data dependencies between actors. In StreamIt, the compiler analyzes data dependencies between actors at compile-time and generates a static schedule that determines where and when actors are executed on the available cores. Statically scheduling actors onto cores results in no scheduling overhead at runtime and allows for sophisticated compile-time scheduling optimizations. Unfortunately, static scheduling has a number of severe limitations. The generated static schedule is inflexible and cannot be adapted to run-time conditions, such as cores that are unexpectedly unavailable. Static scheduling may also incorrectly load-balance cores due to inaccurate static work estimates. This thesis contributes a hybrid static/dynamic scheduling approach that attempts to address the limitations of static scheduling. Dynamic load-balancing is utilized to adjust the static schedule to run-time conditions and to correct load imbalances that might exist after static scheduling. Dynamic load-balancing is designed to add very little run-time overhead. Thesis Supervisor: Saman Amarasinghe Title: Professor
The Effect of Explicit and Implicit Written GJ Tasks on the Nature of EFL Learners’ Grammatical Proficiency When Rendering WH-Questions

This study is a truly experimental quantitative research with repeated measures design investigating the true nature of L2 grammatical proficiency by focusing on its component parts. It examines the performance of 60 female EFL learners at two levels of proficiency (i.e. High‐ and Low‐Intermediate) using two types of computerized Grammaticality Judgement Tasks in different orders (i.e. explicit and implicit written GJ tasks) per each participant at a one week interval for two weeks to determine the extent to which L2 learners' performance is 1.Assistant professor, Islamic Azad university, khorasgan Branch Email: lotfi@yahoo.com 208 / Curriculum Planning Knowledge & Research in. affected by different independent variables chosen and manipulated out of many others that exist (i.e. explicit and implicit knowledge of WH‐movement) as well as the effect of proficiency level on the dependent variable (i.e. L2 participants’ performance on the two GJ tasks) while focusing on subjacency. The null hypothesis is that no relationship exists between the explicitness or implicitness of a GJ task and the EFL participants’ performance on WH‐questions. Results from analyzing the elicited measurement data indicate that the performance scores of the two proficiency groups in the two GJ tasks did not differ significantly, and, as a result, the null hypothesis was not rejected.
Acoustic diagnosis for blower with wavelet transform and neural networks

It is important for this diagnosis to detect the surging phenomena which lead to the destruction of the blower. Since the surging sound is a non-stationary signal, the wavelet transform is more suitable for the pre-processing method than FFT transform. The dyadic wavelet transform is used as the pre-processing method. The multi-layered neural network is used as the discrimination method. The results show that the neural network with the wavelet transform can detect the surging sound perfectly.
Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms

"Hits the nail on the head by emphasizing how technology can be used in ways that go beyond one-on-one student use with software programs and teachers' use of PowerPoint for presentations. The book emphasizes the collaborative work and learning that can occur when educators take advantage of all that the Internet has to offer. "-Erica Boling, Assistant Professor of Literacy EducationRutgers, The State University of New JerseyUse the Web to help students learn more, create more, and communicate more effectively! Technology impacts every facet of students' lives and plays a significant role in how students receive and process information. The second edition of Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms shows educators at all levels and disciplines how to tap into the potential of digital tools for creating relevant, interactive learning experiences in the classroom.With updated research on Web technology, a critical section on Internet safety, and a new emphasis on information literacy with related links, this resource equips teachers with:Definitions, explanations, and how-to's for using technology to enhance learningApplications for blogs, wikis, podcasts, Real Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds, aggregators, social bookmarking, and online photo galleriesReal-world examples from K12 teachers around the worldWhen teachers expand their knowledge of Web tools to build 21st-century learning skills, they can effectively prepare students for future success. (20080513)
Selection of features and evaluation of visual measurements for 3-D robotic visual tracking

An overview is presented of the vision techniques that are used in order to automatically select features, measure features' displacements, and evaluate measurements during 3-D robotic visual tracking. The most robust technique proves to be the sum-of-squared differences (SSD) optical flow technique. Several techniques for the evaluation of the measurements are presented. These techniques can also be used for the selection of features for tracking in conjunction with several numerical criteria that guarantee the robustness of the servoing. The results from the application of these techniques to real images are discussed. <<ETX>>
A stabilized vegetation index and several mineralogic indices defined for ASTER VNIR and SWIR data

ASTER is composed of three subsystems, each of which multispectrally observes the reflected or emitted radiation from the surface of the earth to space in VNIR (visible and near infrared), SWIR (shortwave infrared) and TIR (thermal infrared) wavelength regions, respectively. Here in this paper, problems in applying the widely used vegetation index, NDVI, to remotely sensed radiance at the sensor data without atmospheric corrections are discussed, and a stabilized vegetation index against the fluctuation factors in the radiance at the sensor data is proposed. Then, reflectance spectra of minerals in SWIR region measured in the laboratory are analyzed to define calcite index, OH-bearing altered minerals index, kaolinite index and alunite index for discriminating the minerals by ASTER-SWIR. The defined indices are applied to ASTER Level-1B radiance at the sensor data multi-temporally observing Cuprite area in Nevada, USA. Discussions are made on the results, especially on the effectiveness of the stabilized vegetation. Also, the applied results of the defined mineralogic indices are compared with the well-known geology of the area.
Channel allocation algorithm for TDMA with multiclass users

This paper evaluates the performance of TDMA protocol with multislot reservation and multiple user priorities. One of the main features of prioritization in TDMA is the ability to allocate more slots to high priority users. Although many prioritization techniques can be employed in TDMA, the multislot reservation capability will enable the system to improve the performance under low load conditions. Based on the characteristics of multislot TDMA, a heuristic algorithm is developed for multiclass users. The performance of the algorithm is tested in variable rate reservation access (VRRA) with periodic data traffic. The performance evaluation is based on simulations.
Design of Optical Wdm Networks: Lan, Man and WAN Architectures

List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. Acknowledgments. Foreword. 1. Introduction. 2. Optical Network Devices. Part I: LAN/MAN Architectures. 3. Optimizing Amplifier Placements: The Equally-Powered Case. 4. Optimizing Amplifier Placements: The Unequally-Powered Case. Part II: WAN Architectures. 5. Wavelength Conversion. 6. Impact of Transmission Impairments. 7. Conclusions. Appendices: Switch Model. EDFA Model. References. Index.
DC cancellation in the single-bit domain using ternary filtering

A structure for single-bit DC blocking is presented. This type of DC blocker is useful in practice to improve the stability and dynamic range of single-bit systems. The DC blocker is essentially a ternary filtering structure whose input and output are both assumed to be sigma–delta modulated bitstreams. Two techniques have been utilised to design the ternary filter to allow for implementation and performance comparison. Performance is tested for different kinds of single-bit format input signals, including sinusoidal, FM and AM–FM signals. The proposed DC blocker contains no multipliers and can easily be implemented with FPGA technology.
Binary morphological coding of grayscale images

One approach to image coding is to segment the original gray-scale image and then encode the boundaries and the interiors of the segments to represent the image. The authors propose a novel image coding method based on this approach, with an important difference. With the proposed coding technique, an alternative representation of the image segments is used; instead of segment boundaries, morphological skeletons are used to represent the segments. The skeleton is a thin-lined caricature of the segment that summarizes its shape and conveys information about its size, orientation, and connectivity. A binary image morphological skeletonization procedure is used to create skeletons of the image segments. In this way, the gray-scale image is represented for coding purposes by the skeletons and the intensities of the segments. Preliminary estimates show a data rate of 0.12 bits per pixel can be obtained with this coding technique. <<ETX>>
Recent development of perceptual image hashing

数字图象的容易的产生，存储，传播和繁殖引起了严肃的滥用和安全问题。 正义的所有权，正直，和真实性的保证是学术界以及工业的一颗主要担心。 在另一方面，图象的巨大的数量的有效搜索成为了大挑战。 图象哈希是对在图象认证的使用合适的一种技术，内容基于图象检索(CBIR ) 。 在这篇文章，我们考察技术在最近的年里建议了的一些代表性的图象哈希，与怎么满足感性的坚韧性和安全的冲突要求上的力量。 跟随简短介绍到一些更早的方法，我们集中于典型二阶段的结构和一些几何失真的有弹性的技术。 我们然后介绍途径在我们的自己的研究开发了的二图象哈希，并且在图象，对手的关键，或哈希函数的大数量的图象特征抽取，或可获得性的某些阶段由于秘密钥匙的缺席在一些存在方法揭示安全问题。 更多的研究努力在开发真正柔韧、安全的图象哈希技术被需要。
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Partisipatif Dan Komunikasi Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Serta Dampaknya Pada Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Di Maspion Group Surabaya Jawa Timur

Untuk mengetahui secara jelas tentang kinerja pegawai pada Maspion Group Surabaya Jawa Timur, maka penelitian ini difokuskan pada model peningkatan prestasi kerja pegawai yang didasarkan pada gaya kepemimpinan partisipatif, komunikasi, dan motivasi. Dari hasil pengujian terhadap model pada penelitian ini, dengan menggunakan random sampling , analisis structural equation model (SEM), dan bantuan software Amos 20, pada 150 responden, mampu menjelaskan hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan, komunikasi, dan motivasi terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai pada Maspion Group Surabaya Jawa Timur. Pada penelitian ini, didapat pengaruh kuat antara komunikasi dengan motivasi pegawai, sebesar 0,765, dan pengaruh kuat antara motivasi dan prestasi kerja, yaitu sebesar 0,494. , hal ini menunjukkan bahwa, dengan adanya komunikasi yang baik diantara pegawai, akan menaikkan motivasi pegawai, yang selanjutnya motivasi pegawai akan menaikkan prestasi kerja pegawai pada Maspion Group Surabaya Jawa Timur. Di sisi lain gaya kepemimpinan tidak besar pengaruhnya terhadap motivasi pegawai pada Maspion Group Surabaya Jawa Timur. Kata kunci: gaya kepemimpinan, komunikasi, motivasi, prestasi kerja
Identification and Generation of Realistic Input Sequences for Stochastic Simulation with Markov Processes

Parametric representation of shapes, mechanical components modeling with 3D visualization techniques using object oriented programming, the well known golden ratio application on vertical and horizontal displacement investigations of the ground surface, spatial modeling and simulating of dynamic continuous fluid flow process, simulation model for waste-water treatment, an interaction of tilt and illumination conditions at flight simulation and errors in taxiing performance, plant layout optimal plot plan, atmospheric modeling for weather prediction, a stochastic search method that explores the solutions for hill climbing process, cellular automata simulations, thyristor switching characteristics simulation, and simulation framework toward bandwidth quantization and measurement, are all topics with appropriate results from different research backgrounds focused on tolerance analysis and optimal control provided in this book.
Knowledge Discovery in Online Repositories: A TextMining Approach

Before the advent of the Internet, the newspapers were the prominent instrument of mobilization for independence and political struggles. Since independence in Nigeria, the political class has adopted newspapers as a medium of Political Competition and Communication. Consequently, most political information exists in unstructured form and hence the need to tap into it using text mining algorithm. This paper implements a text mining algorithm on some unstructured data format in some newspapers. The algorithm involves the following natural language processing techniques: tokenization, text filtering and refinement. As a follow-up to the natural language techniques, association rule mining technique of data mining is used to extract knowledge using the Modified Generating Association Rules based on Weighting scheme (GARW). The main contributions of the technique are that it integrates information retrieval scheme (Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency) (for keyword/feature selection that automatically selects the most discriminative keywords for use in association rules generation) with Data Mining technique for association rules discovery. The program is applied to Pre-Election information gotten from the website of the Nigerian Guardian newspaper. The extracted association rules contained important features and described the informative news included in the documents collection when related to the concluded 2007 presidential election. The system presented useful information that could help sanitize the polity as well as protect the nascent democracy.