Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Fault Detection based on Ball Bearing Vibration Analysis using Multinomial Logistic Regression

Rotating machines play an important role in several applications such as transportation, industry and military. Maintaining continuous operations of these machines is vital to these applications. The reliability of these rotating machines depends on ball bearing health. Bearing can fail from many factors, e.g., impurity of lubricant, improper installation, etc. All of these defects can be detected by vibration analysis. Therefore, vibration signals are utilized to develop early fault detection of ball bearing to warn operators of any anomalies in the system. This paper presents a fault detection algorithm using a logistic regression method to assess the health state of the system. This regression utilizes the node energy of wavelet packet decomposition, kurtosis and crest factor as key features. The resulting signals are processed using the Savitzky-Golay smoothing algorithm before determining the time location where the defects occur with a confidence interval of 99%. The proposed method was tested with actual vibration data of bearing which were provided by the FEMTO-ST institute and showed that it is capable of accurately predicting defect time only 10 seconds after the actual defect occurred. The worst-case prediction of 970 seconds after defect occurs also observed during experiment. Although the system did not set off alarm for fault detection after 970 seconds, one can observe an increase in the fault probability trends in early state. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can be utilized for early fault detection in ball bearing applications.
Idiopathic cervical dystonia: Clinical characteristics

We reviewed detailed clinical features of 266 patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia, commonly called spasmodic torticollis. Mean age at onset (41 years), female‐to‐male ratio (1.9:1), clustering of onset between ages 30 and 59 (70%), familial history of dystonia (12%), and remissions (9.8%) were similar to those found in previous studies. In contrast to the single prior large clinical study of this disorder, no predominance of right‐handers or significant thyroid disease was found. Pain, which occurred in 75% of patients and contributed to disability score (p <0.01), distinguishes this syndrome from all other focal dystonias. Pain was also strongly associated with constant (vs. intermittent) head turning, severity of head turning, and presence of spasm. Eighty‐three percent of patients had deviation of the head of >75% of the time when sitting with the head unsupported (constant head deviation at rest). Of the 97% who had head turning, 81% also had head tilting in various combinations. The 23% with hand tremor had an older age at onset (mean, 46 vs. 41 years; p <0.05). An earlier age at onset (p <0.05) was seen in patients with a family history of dystonia (mean, 36 years), with trauma shortly preceding symptoms (mean, 36 years), with a change in the direction of head turning (mean, 30 years), and with remissions (mean, 33 years). Jerky movements or forced transient spasms of the head occurred in 62% of the patients, and these patients would be the ones for whom the designation “spasmodic torticollis” could logically apply. Therefore, because the cervical dystonia in 38% of patients is not spasmodic, we propose that the term “spasmodic torticollis” is not a completely appropriate designation for this condition. We suggest labeling the condition either idiopathic cervical dystonia or idiopathic dystonic torticollis, preferably the former for reasons explained in the text.
Complementary and alternative medicine use by Canadian patients with inflammatory bowel disease: results from a national survey

OBJECTIVES:Previous studies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have relied on samples from specialty clinics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of use and perceived outcomes of CAM in a large, diverse IBD populationMETHODS:A postal survey of the members of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada gathered data on demographic, disease, and conventional IBD treatment characteristics, and on the use and perceived effects of CAM. Respondents were characterized as not using CAM, as past or present users of CAM for their IBD, or as present users of CAM for other reasons. Comparisons between groups were made with the χ2 test.RESULTS:The final sample included 2847 IBD patients. Current or past use of CAM for IBD was reported by 1332 patients, of whom 666 continued their use of CAM. Use was lowest in the eastern provinces and highest in the west. Only 15% had used CAM before their IBD diagnosis. Herbal therapies were the most commonly used (41% of CAM users). Improvements in sense of well-being, IBD symptoms, and sense of control over the disease were the most commonly reported benefits. Only 16% of prior CAM users reported any adverse effect of CAM use. A complementary practitioner was consulted by 34%. During the previous year, 46% had spend more than $250 on CAM.CONCLUSIONS:Use of CAM by IBD patients is very common. Most of these patients attribute significant benefits to their CAM use. Few report significant adverse events.
Palliative Care in the Global Health Agenda

ABSTRACT At the May 2014 meeting of the World Health Assembly, the assembly passed a resolution intended to reduce barriers to palliative care. T4eh resolution calls for integrating palliative care into national health services. It contains recommendation on improved availability and access to such care and calls for it to be included in national health policies and budgets. The full resolution with commentary is presented.
Communications Between the Trigeminal Nerve and the Facial Nerve in the Face: A Systematic Review

AbstractThe aim of the article is to elucidate the communications between the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve in the face. In a PubMed search, 328 studies were found using the terms ‘trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, and communication. ’ The abstracts were read and 39 full-text articles were reviewed. Among them, 11 articles were analyzed.In the studies using dissection, the maxillary branch (V2) had the highest frequency (95.0% ± 8.0%) of communication with the facial nerve, followed by the mandibular branch (V3) (76.7% ± 38.5%). The ophthalmic branch (V1) had the lowest frequency of communication (33.8% ± 19.5%). In a Sihler stain, all of the maxillary branches and mandibular branches had communications with the facial nerve and 85.7% (12/14 hemifaces) of the ophthalmic branches had communications. The frequency of communications between the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve were significantly higher (P = 0.00, t-test) in the studies using a Sihler stain (94.7% ± 1.1%) than the studies using dissection (76.9 ± 35.8). The reason for the significantly higher frequency of trigeminal-facial communication in the studies using a Sihler stain is because of the limitation of the Sihler stain itself. This technique cannot differentiate the motor nerves from sensory nerves at the periphery, and a crossover can be misinterpreted as communication near to nerve terminal.
Tonic release of transmitter at the neuromuscular junction of the crab.

1. Synaptic transmission was studied at the neuromuscular junction of the crab Ocypoda cursor, using conventional electrophysiological technique. 2. It was found that fibres of the extensor muscle and those composing the internal layer of the closer muscle have only post‐synaptic inhibition (S fibres) while the fibres at the external layer of the closer muscle have in addition presynaptic inhibition (R fibres). 3. In S fibres, addition of GABA reduces input membrane resistance (Rm) and e.p.s.p. amplitude approximately to the same degree. The effect shows desensitization. In R type fibres, GABA reduces the e.p.s.p. much more than expected from changes in Rm. The post‐synaptic effect of GABA on Rm shows desensitization, while the presynaptic effect does not show desensitization. 4. In about 50 percent of the cases, after desensitization occurred, Rm increased by about 10–30 percent above the control. Similar increase in Rm occurred after application of picrotoxin. These results suggest that initially the membrane resistance was lower due to tonic release of inhibitory transmitter. 5. The Q10 of Rm was found to vary between 2 and 3. In Ca2+ free media, Cl− free media, or in picrotoxin the Q10 is about 1–3. 6. In R fibres, addition of picrotoxin increased the amplitude of the e.p.s.p. by 30–60 percent above the expected increase due to changes in Rm. 7. In S fibres the mean slope of log e.p.s.p. vs. log [Ca2+] was found to be 1–63, while in R fibres the slope was 0–93. These results suggest the presence of tonic release of the inhibitory transmitter which acts both post‐synaptically and presynaptically.
Dose-Dependent Misrejoining of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human Fibroblasts: Experimental and Theoretical Study for High- and Low-LET Radiation

Abstract Rydberg, B. , Cooper, B. , Cooper, P. K. , Holley, W. R. and Chatterjee, A. Dose-Dependent Misrejoining of Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human Fibroblasts: Experimental and Theoretical Study for High- and Low-LET Radiation. Radiat. Res. 163, 526–534 (2005). Misrejoining of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) was measured in human primary fibroblasts after exposure to X rays and high-LET particles (helium, nitrogen and iron) in the dose range 10–80 Gy. To measure joining of wrong DNA ends, the integrity of a 3.2-Mbp restriction fragment was analyzed directly after exposure and after 16 h of repair incubation. It was found that the misrejoining frequency for X rays was nonlinearly related to dose, with less probability of misrejoining at low doses than at high doses. The dose dependence for the high-LET particles, on the other hand, was closer to being linear, with misrejoining frequencies higher than for X rays, particularly at the lower doses. These experimental results were simulated with a Monte Carlo approach that includes a cell nucleus model with all 46 chromosomes present, combined with realistic track structure simulations to calculate the geometrical positions of all DSBs induced for each dose. The model assumes that the main determinant for misrejoining probability is the distance between two simultaneously present DSBs. With a Gaussian interaction probability function with distance, it was found that the data for both low- and high-LET radiation could be fitted with an interaction distance (sigma of the Gaussian curve) of 0.25 μm. This is half the distance previously found to best fit chromosomal aberration data in human lymphocytes using the same methods (Holley et al., Radiat. Res. 158, 568–580, 2002). The discrepancy may indicate inadequacies in the chromosome model, for example insufficient chromosomal overlap, but may also be partly due to differences between fibroblasts and lymphocytes.
Impact of a learning curve on the survivorship of 4802 cementless total hip arthroplasties.

AIMS Our aim was to report survivorship data and lessons learned with the Corail/Pinnacle cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) system. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between August 2005 and March 2015, a total of 4802 primary cementless Corail/Pinnacle THAs were performed in 4309 patients. In March 2016, we reviewed these hips from a prospectively maintained database. RESULTS A total of 80 hips (1.67%) have been revised which is equivalent to a cumulative risk of revision of 2.5% at ten years. The rate of revision was not significantly higher in patients aged ≥ 70 years (p = 0.93). The leading indications for revision were instability (n = 22, 0.46%), infection (n = 20, 0.42%), aseptic femoral loosening (n = 15, 0.31%) and femoral fracture (n = 6, 0.12%). There were changes in the surgical technique with respect to the Corail femoral component during the ten-year period involving a change to collared components and a trend towards larger size. These resulted in a decrease in the rate of iatrogenic femoral fracture and a decrease in the rate of aseptic loosening. CONCLUSION The rate of revision in this series is comparable with the best performing THAs in registry data. Most revisions were not directly related to the implants. Despite extensive previous experience with cemented femoral components, the senior author noted a learning curve requiring increased focus on primary stability. The number of revisions related to the femoral component is reducing. Any new technology has a learning curve that may be independent of surgical experience. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1589-96.
ClC-2 Contributes to Native Chloride Secretion by a Human Intestinal Cell Line, Caco-2*

It has been previously determined that ClC-2, a member of the ClC chloride channel superfamily, is expressed in certain epithelial tissues. These findings fueled speculation that ClC-2 can compensate for impaired chloride transport in epithelial tissues affected by cystic fibrosis and lacking the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. However, direct evidence linking ClC-2 channel expression to epithelial chloride secretion was lacking. In the present studies, we show that ClC-2 transcripts and protein are present endogenously in the Caco-2 cell line, a cell line that models the human small intestine. Using an antisense strategy we show that ClC-2 contributes to native chloride currents in Caco-2 cells measured by patch clamp electrophysiology. Antisense ClC-2-transfected monolayers of Caco-2 cells exhibited less chloride secretion (monitored as iodide efflux) than did mock transfected monolayers, providing the first direct molecular evidence that ClC-2 can contribute to chloride secretion by the human intestinal epithelium. Further, examination of ClC-2 localization by confocal microscopy revealed that ClC-2 contributes to secretion from a unique location in this epithelium, from the apical aspect of the tight junction complex. Hence, these studies provide the necessary rationale for considering ClC-2 as a possible therapeutic target for diseases affecting intestinal chloride secretion such as cystic fibrosis.
Directional sensitivity of human periodontal mechanoreceptive afferents to forces applied to the teeth.

1. Single‐unit impulse activity from thirty‐eight mechanoreceptive afferent fibres was recorded in the human inferior alveolar nerve using tungsten microelectrodes. All afferents responded to mechanical stimulation of the teeth and most likely supplied periodontal mechanoreceptors. 2. All afferents showed their highest sensitivity to forces applied to a particular tooth (the lower incisors, the canine or the first premolar). Forces with ‘ramp‐and‐hold’ shaped profiles of similar magnitudes were applied to that tooth in the following six directions: lingual, labial, mesial and distal in the horizontal plane, and up and down in the axial direction of the tooth. Both static and dynamic response components were analysed. 3. All afferents were 'slowly adapting’ since they discharged continuously in response to static forces in at least one stimulation direction. Twenty‐five afferents (66%) were spontaneously active in the sense that they showed an on‐going discharge in the absence of external stimulation. 4. Diverse receptive fields were observed. Most afferents (74%) responded to static forces in two or three of the four horizontal directions. Likewise, all units showed excitatory responses to axial loading with a majority (74%) responding in one of the two axial directions and the remainder in both axial directions. Spontaneously active afferents generally decreased their discharge rate when stimulated in directions opposite to the directions exciting the afferent. With regard to population responses, approximately half of the afferents showed excitatory responses to each stimulus direction except for downwards, in which 86% responded. 5. Twenty‐three afferents (61%) exhibited the strongest response to forces in one of the horizontal directions. Of those, a majority were most responsive to the lingual direction (52%) and some to the labial direction (30%). Accordingly, the discharge rates during force application averaged over the whole afferent sample were highest in these directions. Of the remaining afferents, most responsive to one of the axial directions, 60% showed their strongest responses to forces in the downward direction. 6. Forty‐five per cent of the afferents showed wider receptive fields to the dynamic component of the force stimulation than to the static. The direction of maximal sensitivity, however, remained the same with few exceptions. 7. It was demonstrated that even though individual periodontal mechanoreceptive afferents provide ambiguous information regarding the direction of a force applied to a tooth, populations of such afferents are well suited to give detailed directional information. It is suggested that such information may play an important role for the control of mastication.
Virologic suppression among HIV-infected US Air Force members in a highly-structured programme with free access to care

Summary The United States Air Force HIV programme has several features that may enhance antiretroviral therapy outcomes, including free access to healthcare and mandatory clinical visits every six months at a single centre. We evaluated viral load suppression (<50 copies/ml) after 12 months of initial antiretroviral therapy, with extension to 18 and 24 months. Active duty Air Force members were categorised by year of antiretroviral therapy initiation: 2000–2005 (n = 95, 36.1%) and 2006–2011 (n = 168, 63.9%). The median months from HIV diagnosis to initial antiretroviral therapy were shorter in the 2000–2005 group (2.4, IQR 1.2–5.9) compared with the 2006–2011 group (12.6, IQR 2.6–29.0; p < 0.001). Viral load suppression was greater in the 2006–2011 group compared with the 2000–2005 group at 12 months (93.2% versus 78.6%, p = 0.002) and 18 months (91.8% versus 80.3%, p = 0.03), and trended higher at 24 months (90.8% versus 82.5%; p = 0.15). Factors associated with viral load suppression at 12 months in multivariate models included antiretroviral therapy initiation during 2006–2011 (OR 5.22, 95% CI 1.50–18.18) and CD4 count at antiretroviral therapy initiation (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.19–14.43 per 100 cells/µl increase). Structured programmes that minimise traditional barriers to care combined with the use of contemporary antiretroviral therapy regimens can achieve clinic-wide viral load suppression in >90% of patients.
Fibroblast growth factor‐2 regulates expression of osteopontin in periodontal ligament cells

Osteopontin is a protein found in the bone‐related matrix and plays multiple regulatory roles in mineralizing and non‐mineralizing tissue. In osteogenic cell‐lines, the expression of osteopontin increases with the progression of differentiation, but both the expression and function of osteopontin vary with the cell type and its activation state. In this study, we examined the expression of osteopontin by clones established from mouse periodontal ligament, in response to inorganic phosphate and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, which can induce periodontal tissue regeneration. The involvement of inorganic phosphate in the expression of osteopontin during the course of cell differentiation of a clone MPDL22 was confirmed by addition of foscarnet, an inorganic phosphate transport inhibitor. Although FGF‐2 decreased the mRNA expression of almost every bone‐related protein in MPDL22, FGF‐2 upregulated the expression of osteopontin in MPDL22 at both mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, FGF‐2 enhanced the concentration of osteopontin in the culture supernatant of MPDL22, whereas inorganic phosphate did not. The FGF‐2‐induced osteopontin in the culture supernatant seems to be involved in cell survival activity. An immunohistochemical study showed that the FGF‐2‐induced osteopontin was mainly present in perinuclear matrices while the inorganic phosphate‐induced osteopontin was associated with extracellular matrices in addition to perinuclear matrices. The present results indicated that FGF‐2 induces unique expression of osteopontin, which may play a role different from the other bone‐related proteins during the process of periodontal tissue regeneration by FGF‐2. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 640–650, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lanthanide ions bind specifically to an added "EF-hand" and orient a membrane protein in micelles for solution NMR spectroscopy.

Twelve amino acid residues corresponding to an "EF-hand" calcium-binding site were added to the N-terminus of a protein, providing a specific lanthanide ion binding that weakly orients the protein in solution. A comparison of spectra of the protein with and without the EF-hand residues demonstrates that the structure of the native protein is not perturbed by this modification, since there are minimal chemical shift changes. With a lanthanide but not calcium bound to the EF-hand, the protein is weakly oriented by the magnetic field, since residual dipolar couplings can be measured. Since the signs and magnitudes of the couplings varied with the type of lanthanide, this demonstrated the ability to obtain multiple orientations of the protein in solution. The sample is a membrane protein in lipid micelles that disrupted the commonly employed bicelle and filamentous phage solutions; therefore, the addition of a specific metal binding site in the form of an EF-hand may provide a general approach to orienting proteins where the addition of external agents is problematic. An additional benefit is that the lanthanide ions perturb the protein resonances in ways that provide unique orientational and distance constraints.
The cytodynamics of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. A review.

Current evidence suggests that endometrial hyperplasia represents a spectrum of increasingly atypical proliferation of glands and their lining epithelium that is correlated with increasing persistence, recurrence and progression rates, to carcinoma following curettage and/or progestagen therapy. Hyperplasia can be divided into two phases of pathogenetic development. An initial proliferative phase leading to hypertrophy and a second or remodelling phase, characterized by increasing morphokinetic and biochemical alterations of gland cells. Histologically, the proliferative phase is classified into anovulatory, persistent proliferative endometrium and cystic glandular hyperplasia and the remodelling phase, into adenomatous hyperplasia without and with significant cytologic atypia. The histologic subsets can further be classified as mild, moderate and severe hyperplasia according to their respective clinical behaviour. The data suggest, furthermore, that endometrial C.I. S. represents a transitional state between severe hyperplasia and early, invasive adenocarcinoma. From a pathogenetic standpoint, hyperplasia is induced by longstanding, unopposed estrogenic stimulation and its early phase is made of estradiol-sensitive cells. Paralleling the gradual increase in architectural and cytologic atypia, clones of cells are produced that are relatively insensitive to estradiol and have impaired response to growth-control mechanisms. These estradiol-independent cells are presumably susceptible to malignant transformation.