HMA Congress 1 st World Congress on Health and Martial Arts in Interdisciplinary Approach , HMA 2015 Hapkido : Korean martial art

Background & Study Aim. Hapkido is Korean martial art. A conditioning and development of coordination motor abilities are valuable for citizens in the contemporary society. The aim of our short communication is related to effects of hapkido training on motivation and some aspects of coordination motor abilities in participants. We would like present hapkido as a physical activity which can be trained as an alternative syllabus in physical education at preliminary school. Material and Methods: Some original research findings about incentives in study 1 [1] and effects of hapkido training on our pupils in study 2 [2] were synthesized. The syllabus of hapkido for students of preliminary school is shortly characterized [3]. Results: Study 1. Health in the hierarchy of incentives of persons who train hapkido [1] The purpose of this study was to determine the motivation of persons practicing hapkido as well as the importance for them to maintain health and to improve their age and gender related physical fitness. The survey was conducted among 60 persons, including 21 girls and women as well as 39 boys and men. Due to a wide range variability of the subjects’ ages, they were divided into three categories: the younger – to 13 years (n = 33); adolescent – between 13 -18 years (n = 17); and older one – above 18 years of age (n = 10). The questionnaire of motivation that was used [4] consisted of 27 questions concerning nine motives, why those children, youngsters and adults engaged in physical activities. The tested normality of distribution was taken into account during the statistical study as well as the mean values and measures of variation were computed and compared for every motivational factor in those age groups. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) Attainment of fitness and good health were the strongest incentive regardless of the age and gender of the people who trained hapkido, 2) The gender of the persons practicing hapkido did not bear on the hierarchy and intensity of motives, 3) The motivation of the people who practiced hapkido depended essentially on age. The factors related to extrinsic success, intrinsic success and ambition for power and domination were higher in the youngest group. Study 2. Effectiveness of exercises used during Hapkido recreational and sport camp [2] We have assumed that the training methods applied at the two-week hapkido camp for boys should cause beneficial changes regarding body adaptation to effort as well as coordination and motor skills. The participants of the sports and recreation hapkido camp have taken part in the physical activity programme which included: hiking, general physical exercises as well as agility and acrobatic techniques, games and recreation activities both on land and water, self-defence exercises in pairs (techniques required for the yellow, green, blue and black belt according to European Hapkido Alliance), formal hapkido techniques performed individually and in groups. Body height in the examined group (n = 25) was very different (ranging from 137 to 190.5cm, the average height was 160.3cm), which was connected with the boys’ ages (9-16, the average age was 13). Therefore, the campers were divided into two age groups i.e. 9-12 year-olds and 13-16 year-olds (there were only two 16-year-old boys). Every day during the morning training, which lasted for about 30 min., bong hyung stick forms were mostly performed. During the camp (on the second and the thirteenth day) we carried out the examination that included: measuring of body weight (electronic scale) and height (anthropometer), Ruffier-Dikson (RD) test, which involves performing 30 knee bendings in 45 s (heart rate was measured before, just after the effort and after 1 min. break (Polar, Finland) and computer tests evaluating coordination skills [5]. After the results had been standardized, the individual profiles were worked out. A t-Student test for paired variables was then applied to evaluate the statistical significance of differences (p<0.05) between the results of the measurements at the beginning and at the end of the camp. The results at the beginning of the camp showed that seven students had poor physical efficiency, sixteen – average and two – good. There were no substantial statistical changes neither in the body weight nor in the RD rate of adopting to effort. In some cases, however, increase