Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Multidimensional Flow Cytometry With Standard Morphology for Evaluation of Early Marrow Response in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Purpose We compared multidimensional flow cytometry (MDF) with morphology in evaluating early marrow response to induction chemotherapy in pediatric ALL. Methods Chemotherapy response was determined by standard morphology or by MDF assessed by residual leukemic cell percentage remaining in the marrow on days 7, 14, and 28 of induction. Bone marrow response was classified as M3 (>25% leukemic blasts) or M1/M2 (≤25% leukemic blasts). Multidimensional flow cytometry evaluation was compared with that of standard morphology. Available day-7 and day-14 marrow slides were also reevaluated by a single pathologist without patients' clinical information. Results Of 46 day-7 specimens, eight (17%) had discordant MDF and morphologic results (P < 0.001), including six classified as M3 by morphology but were M1/M2 by MDF, and two were classified as M3 by MDF but were M1/M2 by morphology. Of 24 day-14 bone marrow specimens, five (20.5%) were discordant (P < 0.001), including two classified as M3 by morphology but were M1/M2 by MDF, and three were classified as M3 by MDF but were M1/M2 by morphology. Reevaluation of the blinded day-7 and day-14 marrow slides yielded discordance between repeated pathology readings of 11% (P < 0.001) and 6% (P = 0.04), respectively. Conclusion Our data show significant discordance between the morphologic and MDF evaluation of early marrow response. Early response to therapy is a significant prognostic indicator in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is used to alter subsequent treatment; thus, precise assessment of response is important. A larger comparison of MDF with morphology for the evaluation of early response, including correlation with clinical outcome, is warranted.
Obsidian Hydration Dating Update

The obsidian hydration dating technique has been refined since its invention in 1960. The hydration process slows down as it proceeds and appears to follow the relation: hydration thickness is proportional to the square root of time. The variables that influence the hydration rate are mainly the temperature experienced by the object to be dated and its chemical composition. Methods of estimating effective integrated field temperatures and composition variables of obsidians are discussed.
Die europäischen Mächte und der "Lange Türkenkrieg" Kaiser Rudolfs II. (1593-1606) By Jan Paul Niederkorn (review)

others practiced a discreet Calvinism safely ensconced on their landed estates. In this way, royal persecution reinforced the family's provincial character; the unifying aspirations of Versailles paradoxically served to strengthen regional differences in the realm. Like Robert Forster's The Nobility of Toulouse, published a generation ago, Mentzer shows how equal portions of constancy and resilience enabled noble families like the Lacgers to endure through the upheavals of the Ancien Régime and beyond. Michael Wolfe
Design of 35 kJ/s 25 kV capacitor charging power supply for pulsed power systems

In many modern pulsed power systems traditional power supplies have been replaced by high frequency switching power supplies. These power supplies offer light weight, smaller sizes, and improved efficiencies over traditional power supplies and are suitable for high voltage pulsed power systems. In this paper, a 35 kJ/s 25 kV capacitor charging power supply with a 3-phase resonant inverter and air-insulated transformers is proposed. This capacitor charger greatly improves the stability and maintenance of the conventional power supplies with single phase inverters and oil-insulated transformers. The structural characteristics and experimental results are presented, taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 35 kW, input voltage of 3-phase 380 V, output charging voltage of 25 kV, and operating at 20 kHz. The measured power factor and efficiency at full load are about 90% and the constant output current is about 2.8 A.
The Future of Fluorides and Other Protective Agents in Erosion Prevention

The effectiveness of fluoride in caries prevention has been convincingly proven. In recent years, researchers have investigated the preventive effects of different fluoride formulations on erosive tooth wear with positive results, but their action on caries and erosion prevention must be based on different requirements, because there is no sheltered area in the erosive process as there is in the subsurface carious lesions. Thus, any protective mechanism from fluoride concerning erosion is limited to the surface or the near surface layer of enamel. However, reports on other protective agents show superior preventive results. The mechanism of action of tin-containing products is related to tin deposition onto the tooth surface, as well as the incorporation of tin into the near-surface layer of enamel. These tin-rich deposits are less susceptible to dissolution and may result in enhanced protection of the underlying tooth. Titanium tetrafluoride forms a protective layer on the tooth surface. It is believed that this layer is made up of hydrated hydrogen titanium phosphate. Products containing phosphates and/or proteins may adsorb either to the pellicle, rendering it more protective against demineralization, or directly to the dental hard tissue, probably competing with H+ at specific sites on the tooth surface. Other substances may further enhance precipitation of calcium phosphates on the enamel surface, protecting it from additional acid impacts. Hence, the future of fluoride alone in erosion prevention looks grim, but the combination of fluoride with protective agents, such as polyvalent metal ions and some polymers, has much brighter prospects.
Effect of Personality Disorders on the Treatment Outcome of Axis I Conditions: An Update

The authors review recent studies that assess the impact of personality pathology on the treatment outcomes of axis I disorders. Studies reported include both structured treatment trials and surveys of the outcome of naturalistic treatment. Personality diagnosis in each of the studies reviewed was established by a structured diagnostic instrument. In some of the studies examined, personality traits, not categorical personality diagnoses, are reported in relation to treatment outcome. The authors describe 17 studies published within the past 3 years, and discuss them in relation to a previous review that covered 21 earlier studies. Consistent with previous investigations, recent studies continue to describe an adverse impact of personality pathology on the treatment outcome of a wide range of axis I disorders. The authors examine new studies that describe the effect of specific aspects of personality dysfunction on outcome measures of axis I disorders. New developments in this area include the predictive importance of both personality traits and disorders as well as possible specificity of traits in predicting outcome in some circumstances.
Signal transduction by G‐proteins, Rho‐kinase and protein phosphatase to smooth muscle and non‐muscle myosin II

We here review mechanisms that can regulate the activity of myosin II, in smooth muscle and non‐muscle cells, by modulating the Ca2+ sensitivity of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation. The major mechanism of Ca2+ sensitization of smooth muscle contraction and non‐muscle cell motility is through inhibition of the smooth muscle myosin phosphatase (MLCP) that dephosphorylates the RLC in smooth muscle and non‐muscle. The active, GTP‐bound form of the small GTPase RhoA activates a serine/threonine kinase, Rho‐kinase, that phosphorylates the regulatory subunit of MLCP and inhibits phosphatase activity. G‐protein‐coupled release of arachidonic acid may also contribute to inhibition of MLCP acting, at least in part, through the Rho/Rho‐kinase pathway. Protein kinase C(s) activated by phorbol esters and diacylglycerol can also inhibit MLCP by phosphorylating and thereby activating CPI‐17, an inhibitor of its catalytic subunit; this mechanism is independent of the Rho/Rho‐kinase pathway and plays only a minor, transient role in the G‐protein‐coupled mechanism of Ca2+ sensitization. Ca2+ sensitization by the Rho/Rho‐kinase pathway contributes to the tonic phase of agonist‐induced contraction in smooth muscle, and abnormally increased activation of myosin II by this mechanism is thought to play a role in diseases such as high blood pressure and cancer cell metastasis.
ON THE STRUCTURE OF COMPACT COMPLEX ANALYTIC SURFACES, II.

This note is a continuation of our previous report' on the structure of compact complex analytic surfaces. 5. We shall employ the notation of our previous report. Thus we denote by S a surface and by b,, CP, pa, q, . , respectively, the vth Betti number, the Ath Chern class, the geometric genus, the irregularity,. of S. Any complex line bundle over a regular surface is determined uniquely by its Chern class. Hence, a regular surface is a K3 surface if and only if its first Chern class vanishes. It follows that any deformation of a K3 surface is a K3 surface. In this section we shall outline a proof of the following theorem which has been conjectured earlier by A. Weil and independently by A. Andreotti. ' THEOREM 9. Every K3 surface is a deformation of a nonsingular quartic surface in a projective 3-space. (i) Assume that S is a K3 surface. Then, using Theorem 1 and the formula (6), we get
Use of organic acids in broiler diets.

Two feeding trials were carried out to determine the potential use of fumaric acid and calcium formate in diets for broiler chickens. In the first study using male broiler chicks fed to 21 days of age, fumaric acid was added at 0, . 5, 1.0 and 1.5% and calcium formate was added at 0, . 72, 1.48, 2.20, and 2.89%. All combinations of fumaric acid and calcium formate were evaluated in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments. Addition of . 5 or 1.0% fumaric acid significantly (P less than .05) improved body weights of broilers but did not influence feed utilization. Addition of calcium formate at levels greater than . 72% significantly reduced both body weight and feed utilization. There was no significant interaction between levels of fumaric acid and calcium formate. In a second trial, male and female broiler chicks were grown to 49 days of age using diets containing 0, . 5, 1.0, and 1.5% calcium formate. Addition of . 5 or 1.0% calcium formate had no significant effect on weight gains or feed utilization. Addition of 1.5% calcium formate significantly reduced body weights of both males and females at 21 and 42 days. At 49 days of age, body weights of males fed 1.5% calcium formate did not differ from those of males fed the control diet, but were significantly less than those of males fed diets with . 5 or 1.0% calcium formate. Female body weights at 49 days of age were significantly depressed by addition of 1.5% calcium formate.
Qualitative Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks by Satisfiability Checking of Linear Temporal Logic

We developed a method for analyzing the dynamics of gene regulatory networks in purely qualitative fashion. In our method, constraints for possible behaviors of a network and a biological property of interest are described as Linear Temporal Logic formulas, being automatically analyzed by satisfiability checking. In this way, we can investigate whether there exists some behavior which satisfies a specified property or whether all the behaviors satisfy a specified property, which are difficult in quantitative analysis.
Paperless Philosophy as a Philosophical Method

I discuss the prospects for new forms of professional communication in philosophy. I argue that online discussions and online surveys ought to play a more important role in communications between philosophers than they play today. However, there are major obstacles to the widespread adoption of these media as channels of communication between academics. I offer an overview of these obstacles and sketch a strategy for surmounting them. The strategy I propose involves the development of a new kind of service which could expand the reach of the analytic method in philosophy.
Disaster risk reduction and sustainable development in tsunami affected countries

The seminar “Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development in Tsunami effected countries” was organised by the UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN SECURITY (UNU-EHS), in cooperation with the DAAD Tsunami Special Programme for capacity building in all fields of disaster prevention/ preparedness and crisis management. It was intended to give the DAAD scholars, PhD and Master students from tsunami affected countries the opportunity to deepen and exchange their knowledge in various aspects of vulnerability, disaster prevention, sustainable development, and people centred early warning. During the seminar, the scholars had the chance to join the UNITED NATIONS network specialists, as well as to extend and consolidate their network with DAAD staff and scholars from South and Southeast Asia.
Roles of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase in leg vasodilation and oxygen consumption during prolonged low-intensity exercise in untrained humans.

The vasodilator signals regulating muscle blood flow during exercise are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that in young adults leg muscle vasodilation during steady-state exercise would be reduced independently by sequential pharmacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and ketorolac, respectively. We tested a second hypothesis that NOS and COX inhibition would increase leg oxygen consumption (VO2) based on the reported inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by nitric oxide. In 13 young adults, we measured heart rate (ECG), blood pressure (femoral venous and arterial catheters), blood gases, and venous oxygen saturation (indwelling femoral venous oximeter) during prolonged (25 min) steady-state dynamic knee extension exercise (60 kick/min, 19 W). Leg blood flow (LBF) was determined by Doppler ultrasound of the femoral artery. Whole body VO2 was measured, and leg VO2 was calculated from blood gases and LBF. Resting intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine (ACh) and nitroprusside (NTP) tested inhibitor efficacy. Leg vascular conductance (LVC) to ACh was reduced up to 53±4% by L-NAME+ketorolac infusion, and the LVC responses to NTP were unaltered. Exercise increased LVC from 4±1 to 33.1±2 ml.min(-1). mmHg(-1) and tended to decrease after L-NAME infusion (31±2 ml.min(-1). mmHg(-1), P=0.09). With subsequent administration of ketorolac LVC decreased to 29.6±2 ml.min(-1). mmHg(-1) (P=0.02; n=9). While exercise continued, LVC returned to control values (33±2 ml.min(-1). mmHg(-1)) within 3 min, suggesting involvement of additional vasodilator mechanisms. In four additional subjects, LVC tended to decrease with L-NAME infusion alone (P=0.08) but did not demonstrate the transient recovery. Whole body and leg VO2 increased with exercise but were not altered by L-NAME or L-NAME+ketorolac. These data indicate a modest role for NOS- and COX-mediated vasodilation in the leg of exercising humans during prolonged steady-state exercise, which can be restored acutely. Furthermore, NOS and COX do not appear to influence muscle VO2 in untrained healthy young adults.
The Knowledge Level (Presidential Address)

This is the first presidential address of AAAI, the American Association for Artificial Intelligence. In the grand scheme of history of artificial intelligence (AI), this is surely a minor event. The field this scientific society represents has been thriving for quite some time. No doubt the society itself will make solid contributions to the health of our field. But it is too much to expect a presidential address to have a major impact. So what is the role of the presidential address and what is the significance of the first one? I believe its role is to set a tone, to provide an emphasis. I think the role of the first address is to take a stand about what that tone and emphasis should be-set expectations for future addresses and to communicate to my fellow presidents. Only two foci are really possible for a presidential address: the state of the society or the state of the science. I believe the latter to be correct focus. AAAI itself, its nature and its relationship to the larger society that surrounds it, are surely important. However, our main business is to help AI become a science -- albeit a science with a strong engineering flavor. Thus, though a president's address cannot be narrow or highly technical, it can certainly address a substantive issue. That is what I propose to do.
Mechanics of locomotion of dogs (Canis familiaris) and sheep (Ovis aries).

Records have been made of the forces exerted on the ground by dogs and a sheep, in walking, trotting, cantering and slow galloping. Film has been taken simultaneously. The difference between walking and trotting was much less marked for the sheep than for the dogs. Step length and stride length increase as speed increases. They are expressed as functions of the Froude number. The vertical component of the force exerted by a foot on the ground shows two main maxima in walking, except in the case of the fore feet of sheep. In this case and in other gaits there is only one main maximum. The vertical movements of the fore and hind quarters which occurred in examples of each gait have been calculated from the force records. The force exerted by a foot on the ground changes direction in the course of a step so as to remain more or less in line with a point fixed relative to the animal, but dorsal to its back. The force records show impact disturbances in the first 003 sec of contact of each foot with the ground. The point of application of the force on the sole of a foot tends to move posteriorly as the force increases. The results are discussed in relation to a theoretical account of the mechanics of locomotion on legs.
Postoperative Wound Complications after Internal Fixation of Closed Calcaneal Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis of 126 Consecutive Patients with 148 Fractures

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the number of soft-tissue complications after internal fixation of calcaneal fractures and to evaluate risk factors leading to these complications. Material: A retrospective analysis of 126 consecutive patients with 148 operatively treated calcaneal fractures was performed. Only primarily closed fractures were included in the study. Results: Wound healing was problematic in 35 cases (24 per cent). The wound was infected in 23 cases (16 per cent) and a wound edge necrosis was observed in 12 cases (8 per cent). The soft tissue complication needed operative treatment in 20 cases (14 per cent). The complications did not lead to amputations in any case. In the end of the follow up all wounds had healed. Conclusions: The statistical analysis identified a longer delay in surgery and longer operation time to be positive risk factors for wound complications.
Dynamic global-principal component analysis sparse representation for distributed compressive video sampling

Video reconstruction quality largely depends on the ability of employed sparse domain to adequately represent the underlying video in Distributed Compressed Video Sensing (DCVS). In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic global-Principal Component Analysis (PCA) sparse representation algorithm for video based on the sparse-land model and nonlocal similarity. First, grouping by matching is realized at the decoder from key frames that are previously recovered. Second, we apply PCA to each group (sub-dataset) to compute the principle components from which the sub-dictionary is constructed. Finally, the non-key frames are reconstructed from random measurement data using a Compressed Sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm with sparse regularization. Experimental results show that our algorithm has a better performance compared with the DCT and K-SVD dictionaries.
Validation of Molecular Simulation: An Overview of Issues.

Computer simulation of molecular systems enables structure-energy-function relationships of molecular processes to be described at the sub-atomic, atomic, supra-atomic, or supra-molecular level. To interpret results of such simulations appropriately, the quality of the calculated properties must be evaluated. This depends on the way the simulations are performed and on the way they are validated by comparison to values Qexp of experimentally observable quantities Q. One must consider 1) the accuracy of Qexp , 2) the accuracy of the function Q(rN ) used to calculate a Q-value based on a molecular configuration rN of N particles, 3) the sensitivity of the function Q(rN ) to the configuration rN , 4) the relative time scales of the simulation and experiment, 5) the degree to which the calculated and experimental properties are equivalent, and 6) the degree to which the system simulated matches the experimental conditions. Experimental data is limited in scope and generally corresponds to averages over both time and space. A critical analysis of the various factors influencing the apparent degree of (dis)agreement between simulations and experiment is presented and illustrated using examples from the literature. What can be done to enhance the validation of molecular simulation is also discussed.
Direct measurements of sediment response to waves with “Smart Sediment Grains”

Measurements of sediment motion have been primarily limited to indirect observations with acoustic and optical instruments. A micro-electro-mechanical systems device that can measure and record Lagrangian observations of coastal sediments at incipient motion has been developed. These sensors move freely, measure acceleration in the six degrees of freedom and their mobility characteristics are similar to coarse gravel. Experiments conducted in a small oscillating flow tunnel and a large wave flume verified that the sensors detect incipient motion under various hydrodynamic conditions. Analysis of complementary fluid velocity measurements suggest the influence of pressure gradient induced sediment motion.
Intracellular Carbon Partitioning in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Using enzymic and isotope techniques the intracellular partitioning of newly fixed carbon was studied in synchronized cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Starch and growth metabolism, i.e. the use of carbon in biosynthesis, were found to be the major sinks for photosynthetically fixed carbon in the alga. Sucrose does not accumulate in significant quantities. The amount of carbon partitioned either into starch or growth varies during the 12 hour light/12 hour dark cell cycle. Starch is accumulated at the beginning and at the end of the light period while a net breakdown is observed in the middle of the light period and in the dark. In contrast, nonsynchronized cells accumulate starch all the time in the light which suggests that carbon partitioning is controlled by the cell cycle. Labeled bicarbonate is incorporated into starch even at times when the total intracellular level of starch is decreasing. This indicates a turnover of the starch pool in the light with synthesis and degradation occurring simultaneously and at different rates.