Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consensus Statement Parkinson’s Disease and the Environment Collaborative on Health and the Environment and Parkinson's Action Network (CHE PAN) Conference June 26–28, 2007

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. People with PD, their families, scientists, healthcare providers and the general public are increasingly interested in identifying environmental contributors to PD risk. Methods: In June 2007, a multidisciplinary group of experts gathered in Sunnyvale, CA, to assess what is known about the contribution of environmental factors to PD. Results: This paper describes the conclusions around which they came to consensus with respect to environmental contributors to PD risk. It concludes with a brief summary of research needs. Conclusions: Parkinson’s disease is a complex disorder, and multiple different pathogenic pathways and mechanisms can ultimately lead to PD. Within the individual there are many determinants of PD risk and, within populations, the causes of PD are heterogeneous. Although rare recognized genetic mutations are sufficient to cause PD, these account for less than 10% of PD in the U.S. population, and incomplete penetrance suggests environmental factors may be involved. Indeed, interplay among environmental factors and genetic make-up likely influences the risk of developing PD. There is a need for further understanding of how risk factors interact, and studying PD is likely to increase understanding of other neurodegenerative disorders.
A Note on the Incidence of Babesia Canis in A 10 Day Old Pup on Postmortem Examination in Chennai, Tamil Nadu

A 10 day old female Great Dane pup carcass was brought with the history of dull, depressed and sudden death. External examination revealed pale conjunctival mucous membrane and slight prescapular lymph node enlargement. Grossly, subepicardial petechial haemorrhages, congested lungs, intestine and meningeal blood vessels, enlarged pale liver, slightly enlarged dark reddish kidney and swollen haemorrhagic mesenteric lymph nodes. Peripheral and heart blood smears stained with Leishman & Giemsa (L&G) stain and revealed the presence of large pleomorphic single, paired and multiple pear shaped forms of Babesia canis in the erythrocytes.
Simulation and Design of a Bandpass Filter Based on Substrate Integrated E-Plane Waveguide

This paper presents a bandpass filter based on a substrate integrated E-plane waveguide (SIEW) structure for wireless applications, at X-band. The SIEW geometry allows the development of new horizontally polarized filter topologies, unlike filter structures based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), which present vertical polarization (perpendicular to the ground plane). The simulation of the proposed SIEW filter is carried out using Ansoft HFSS software. To evaluate the performance of the proposed structure, the frequency behaviors of the scattering parameters are obtained for a horizontally polarized excitation. In the simulation, analyses are performed for the lossless and lossy (dielectric and metallic) cases, in order to compare the obtained results. The SIEW filter is fabricated and measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA). Measurement results are in agreement with simulation ones, validating the proposed filter design and topology. The fabricated prototype resonates at 10.54 GHz, with a bandwidth of 1.20 GHz, defined for a -3 dB transmission coefficient reference level. The SIEW filter structure is easy to design and manufacture and can be used in wireless communications systems that require components with ease integration into other planar structures.
Clinical Uses of ??2-Adrenergic Agonists:

This month’s Clinical Concepts and Commentary is composed of an article coauthored by Dr. Mervyn Maze, one of the leading authorities in a2 agonists. Dr. Maze is also a consultant for Abbott Laboratories Inc., Abbott Park, Illinois, and played a major role in that company’s development of dexmedetomidine, an a2 agonist, which recently has been approved for limited use in the United States. This raises a potential conflict of interest, an issue about which this journal’s editorial board has had a long record of concern. The board recognizes that there is a special consideration regarding conflict of interest for articles in which an author’s opinions and selection of citations are a prominent feature. This article was prepared with extensive editorial input to ensure balance and objectivity, which we hope will enable our readers to derive the maximum educational benefit.
Urban sprawl dynamics and Urban Heat Islands (UHI) in Ghana

Urban areas face two potential phenomena as they burgeon. The first is the urban sprawl characterized by outward expansion of urban areas. The second is Urban Heat Islands (UHI), which is primarily caused by impervious and heat-trapping materials replacing the natural land cover during urbanization. These phenomena have impacts on the air quality and health of urban dwellers and economic impacts on citizens and government. Numerous studies exist on urban sprawl and several means of detecting and measuring it are suggested in the literature. UHI in the tropical climates is the least studied even though urbanization rate in the region is the fastest on a global scale. Data from sensors aboard Earth-orbiting satellites allows for the generation of land cover maps through image classification to detect sprawl. Thermal remote sensing imagery provides the relevant data for estimating Land Surface Temperature (LST), on which the UHI analysis is made. Assessing UHI with LST qualifies it as Surface Urban Heat Islands (SUHI). This research focused on sprawl in two tropical Ghanaian cities namely Accra and Kumasi over a 15year period (2002-2017). Sprawl in both cities was compared and its influence on SUHI was analyzed. Remotely sensed satellite imageries were employed for the analysis. The results reveal the nature of urban expansion in both cities and the dominant urban processes for the study period. Also, the UHI intensities and the hot regions within the study areas are captured in the results.
Role of Paraoxonase Activity and Oxidative Stress in Renal Vascular Damage in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The vascular effects of hyperglycemia can be macrovascular complications or microvascular complications in the form of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. HDL is important in preventing oxidation of LDL; this activity resides mainly in paraoxonase enzyme (PON1) that is closely associated with HDL molecules. The present study aimed at evaluation of the role of PON1 activity and oxidative stress in renal microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetic patients. The study was performed on 75 subjects: Group I: 25 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus without microvascular complications. Group II: 25 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal microvascular complications (as evidenced by urinary albumin excretion UAE (mg/24 h) 4.3±1.4). Group III: 25 apparently normal subjects matched in age and gender with group I and II. In all subjects, we examined the activity of PON1, lipid profile and markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MAD) and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)). The results revealed that: triglyceride, total Cholesterol and LDL had statistically high significant levels in group I and II compared to the control group, with higher levels in group II than group I. HDL showed significantly lower levels in group I and II than the control group, with lower levels in group II compared group I. Serum MAD level was significantly elevated in both group I and group II compared to group III and was significantly elevated in group II as compared to group I. There was also a significant lowering of serum total antioxidant capacity in both group I and group II as compared to the control group, and a significant lowering in group II compared group I. Serum basal paraoxonase activity was significantly reduced in group I and group II as compared to the control group, with a significant low activity in group II compared to group I. A significant direct correlation was found between serum paraoxonase activity and serum HDL level with a significant indirect correlation between serum paraoxonase activity and each of serum LDL and total cholesterol levels. Also, a negative correlation was detected between serum paraoxonase activity and TAC. TAC showed a significantly direct correlation with serum paraoxonase activity and HDL, while it showed an indirect correlation with LDL. A significant direct correlation was found between serum MAD level and both serum LDL and total cholesterol levels, meanwhile a significant indirect correlation was found between serum MAD and serum HDL levels. We concluded that oxidative stress together with low PON1activity are predictive risk factors for renal microvascular complications in DM; thereby it is recommended to have therapeutic antioxidant agents that can protect against oxidative stress and support the activity of PON1, this may be of great help in reducing renal vascular damage.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE IN DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-JUDGMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Public trust in the police is an important indicator of effective policing in a democratic system. While this assertion holds true for most police research, hardly any prior studies in this field explored university students’ perceptions of the police. In light of this gap, the study on which this paper is based sought to elucidate students’ perceptions of the South African Police Service. A quantitative approach was adopted and a sample of 682 (n=682) participants was drawn at one of the largest universities in South Africa for a cross-sectional survey of students’ perceptions. The specific goal was to assess whether students’ trust in the police was shaped by their perceptions of the Police Service in general, and police officers’ behaviour in particular. The findings indicated that students generally had an unfavourable disposition towards the police and that this disposition affected their trust in police officials. The findings also suggested that male students’ perceptions of the police differed a great deal from those of female students. In general, it was found that university students viewed the police as unfair and corrupt and that these negative perceptions consistently engendered mistrust in the police. These findings corroborate broader assertions that the relationship between the police and the public in South Africa is poor and that police brutality, corruption, and a range of other police misconducts erode public trust in the South African Police Service. It was concluded that, if students’ perceptions have to be changed, the contributory factors to police misconduct must be addressed as a matter of urgency. Moreover, programs that will aid and sustain positive student–police relationships should be introduced and encouraged.
Unidirectional isolated high‐frequency link DC/AC converter for grid integration of DC sources

Most of the converters used for the grid integration of DC resources are multi-stage DC/AC converters with a huge intermediate DC-link capacitor. This bulky DC-link capacitor increases the converter volume and cost, reduces its lifetime and reliability and, causes converters fault ride-through problems. For this purpose, DC/AC converters without any intermediate energy storage components are proposed in the literature named high-frequency AC (HFAC) link converters. However, due to a large number of active switches, modulation and commutation methods of these converters are overly complex compared with their conventional multi-stage versions. In this study, a new isolated unidirectional converter without any intermediate energy storage components, and with a reduced number of active switches are proposed for the grid integration of DC sources. The proposed HFAC converter structure is simple but more efficient and reliable than its conventional isolated multi-stage and HFAC versions. The converter modulation and commutation methods which are more simple than those of its conventional HFAC version, and its voltage and current gains are also presented. The performance of the proposed converter is verified through simulation in the islanded and grid-connected modes of operation. A simple experimental setup is also provided to validate the simulated converter.
Ethical Approaches to Gathering Information from Children and Adolescents in International Settings: Guidelines and Resources

This publication aims to: Provide practical guidance to help program managers and researchers understand and uphold ethical standards when planning and implementing information-gathering activities among children and adolescents; Promote discussion of ethical issues when working with children and adolescents among people of different backgrounds and training who gather information for different purposes. This publication is intended to be helpful to anyone who plans manages implements analyzes or funds any program or research activity that requires gathering information from children and adolescents including monitoring and evaluation. The terms used here include: "Information gathering": describes any contact made by adults with children and adolescents for the purpose of collecting program or research data including interviews observations and focus group discussions; "Investigator": refers to any staff member involved in the information-gathering activity such as program managers and implementers interviewers focus group facilitators clinicians donors researchers and data analysts; "Children" "adolescents" and "youth": describe the young participants informants and respondents of information-gathering activities. (excerpt)
Custody and Access Decision-Making and the Breastfeeding Child (Case Comment re Cavannah v. Johne)

As an increasing number of fathers seek access to their very young children, how the court addresses the breastfeeding relationship between mother and child has become a critical factor in the best interests of the child analysis. This comment addresses how courts should deal with access to a breastfeeding child, using the recent Ontario Superior Court decision of Cavannah v. Johne as a starting point. The comment considers how the courts should approach the issue, addressing the challenges raised by both breastfeeding infants as well as toddlers who are engaged in extended breastfeeding. Ultimately, this comment argues that in order to protect the needs of the breastfeeding child and ensure some consistency in the law, the court might best address the issue via both judicial education and the inclusion of breastfeeding as an element in the best interests of the child test.
Role of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Postgraduate Medical Education

Corresponding Author: Indika Karunathilake, E-mail: < karunathilake@hotmail.com > https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9772-116X Received: July 2019, Accepted: July 2019, Published: July 2019 Competing Interests: Authors have declared that no competing interests exist © Author. This is an open-access article distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are attributed and materials are shared under the same
Futurecare : new directions in planning health and care environments

Preface Acknowledgements Looking back Healthcare reform and change The impact of technology Primary care Community care in the United Kingdom Outcomes in the environment - long term care Senior day care Life care - looking back today, future programming Close care and assisted living Long-term care - a residential environment that is striving to be a home Nursing Home 2000 Dementia care The in-patient hospice - theory and case study Sub acute care Acute care Patient-focused design The healing environment Re-using existing buildings Towards a conclusion Additional Reading Directory of Contributors Index
High Color Conversion Efficiency on Monolayer WSe 2 Using Plasmonic Metasurface

The atomic scale thickness transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) material could be a potential role of miniature light emitting devices (LED). The high color conversion efficiency between CdSe quantum dot (QD) and monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ) with Ag NDs metasurface could enhance the light emission of WSe 2 . The emission enhancement presented the color conversion due to its absorption spectrum of Ag ND. It had the most ideal overlap with QDs and WSe 2 simultaneously, which boosted all the effects that would happen in color conversion. In the future, utilizing plasmonic metasurface and combing the TMDCs emitting visible red light with the GaN-based LED and green QDs to helpfully achieve white light emitting device. © 2019 The Author(s)
Creative Hyper-Activation in Depression

A strong relationship between creativity and major depression has been attested to in many past studies. These suggest a correlation between high creative propensity and the prevalence of depression as well as attribute the implementation of creative tasks in therapy with the facilitation and reduction of depressive symptoms. This article supports the hypothesis of a bidirectional relationship between creativity and depression. Based on a theoretical framework proposed by Agamben in his critique of Freud, this article develops this hypothesis by associating depression with the non-adaptive application of a person’s innate creativity. More specifically, it provides a model that associates the onset of depression with a unique form of non-adaptive hyper-activation of creative capacity. By distinguishing a unique mode of intransitive (object-less) creative hyper-activation in depression, it provides a wider explanatory scope for the vast array of studies attesting to a relationship between creativity and depression, and provides several prospects for the clinical facilitation of depression utilizing creative tasks.
Social Aspects of Dementia Prevention from a Worldwide to National Perspective: A Review on the International Situation and the Example of Italy

At the moment, dementia is affecting around 47 million people worldwide, with a forecast amount of 135 million affected people in 2050. Dementia is a growing health concern worldwide with no treatment currently available, but only symptomatic medication. Effective interventions in the prevention and management of dementia are urgently needed to contain direct and indirect costs of this disease. Indeed, the economic impact of dementia is a vast and continually growing figure, but it is still difficult to quantify. Due to an increase in both the disease spreading and its direct and indirect costs, national and international action plans have to be implemented. As a virtuous example, the Italian national plan for dementia has been summarized. Faced with an increasingly less sustainable disease impact at national and international levels, the plan suggests that it is certainly the entire welfare model that should be rethought, strengthening the network of services and providing interventions to support affected people and their caregivers. Alongside this synergistic approach, scientific research could play a crucial role for pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments capable of delaying the state of loss of self-sufficiency of the patient, with a significant impact on social and health costs.
Use of Low-Cost Ambient Particulate Sensors in Nablus, Palestine with Application to the Assessment of Regional Dust Storms

Few air pollutant studies within the Palestinian territories have been reported in the literature. In March–April and May–June of 2018, three low-cost, locally calibrated particulate monitors (AirU’s) were deployed at different elevations and source areas throughout the city of Nablus in Northern West Bank, Palestine. During each of the three-week periods, high but site-to-site similar particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and less than 10 µm (PM10) concentrations were observed. The PM2.5 concentrations at the three sampling locations and during both sampling periods averaged 38.2 ± 3.6 µg/m3, well above the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 24 h guidelines. Likewise, the PM10 concentrations exceeded or were just below the WHO’s 24 h guidelines, averaging 48.5 ± 4.3 µg/m3. During both periods, short episodes were identified in which the particulate levels at all three sites increased substantially (≈2×) above the regional baseline. Air mass back trajectory analyses using U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model suggested that, during these peak episodes, the arriving air masses spent recent days over desert areas (e.g., the Saharan Desert in North Africa). On days with regionally low PM2.5 concentrations (≈20 µg/m3), back trajectory analysis showed that air masses were directed in from the Mediterranean Sea area. Further, the lower elevation (downtown) site often recorded markedly higher particulate levels than the valley wall sites. This would suggest locally derived particulate sources are significant and may be beneficial in the identification of potential remediation options.
Der Satz von Hahn-Banach per Disjunktionselimination

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Food-related thinking styles and cultural influences on weight gain

Obesity is a growing health epidemic with a constant rise in weight-related medical conditions, premature deaths and detrimental psychological outcomes, which places a burden on multiple aspects of health systems. Underlying psychological factors, especially cognitive mechanisms, still receive little attention in the literature, despite their link to high body weight. The present study aimed to identify food-related thoughts as predictors of weight gain. The sample mainly consisted of women who were recruited on social media platforms (N = 139). A regression analysis was performed with Food Thought Suppression, Preoccupation with Food, Body Mass Index, educational level, ethnicity and age as predictors of body weight. A one-way ANOVA was conducted to identify differences between weight categories. While the regression showed no significant link between body weight and Food Thought Suppression and Food Preoccupation, Afro-Caribbean ethnicity was associated with a higher weight status (r = .321). Additional meaningful correlations were found between food thought suppression and negative valence of food (r = .816), food thought frequency and negative valence of food (r = -.521), as well as for food thought frequency and food thought suppression (r = .587). The present findings support a link between dieting and negative thinking, which foster unhealthy eating patterns. Future research should increasingly define cultural variables for tailoring weight loss programmes in Afro-Caribbean communities, as this group has a particular need for weight management. Furthermore, positive reframing of negative food-related thoughts may offer a promising gateway to foster healthier eating patterns.