Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognising Knowledge Criteria in Undergraduate Mathematics Education

As part of a larger study on the transition between upper secondary and tertiarymathematics education, this paper reports findings from an investigation of therelation between the students’ understanding of the criteria for legitimate mathematicalknowledge and their achievement during the first year in their undergraduatemathematics studies. As a methodology, we used interviews in whichengineering students were given excerpts from different, more or less formal,mathematics textbooks and asked whether they could rank these texts as being“more or less mathematical” and explain why. The results of our case studyindicate differences in the students’ views that are related to their achievement.
Clinical aspects of iron use in the anemia of kidney disease.

Iron deficiency occurs in the vast majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causes of iron deficiency in these patients are multifactorial. Main factors that contribute to iron deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are reduced intake and impaired intestinal absorption of dietary iron, blood losses, chronic inflammation associated with ESRD and/or increased iron requirements during therapy with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA). Anemia is a common complication of CKD that can be corrected by ESA. Failure to achieve adequate iron stores and availability is the main cause of hyporesponsiveness to ESA therapy (1,2). The use of iron in combination with ESA is required for optimal management of the anemia of CKD. Management of iron status in patients with CKD involves excluding iron deficiency, providing adequate iron stores to allow patients to maintain target hemoglobin levels efficiently, and avoiding iron overload.
A note on the Entscheidungsproblem

In a recent paper the author has proposed a definition of the commonly used term “effectively calculable” and has shown on the basis of this definition that the general case of the Entscheidungsproblem is unsolvable in any system of symbolic logic which is adequate to a certain portion of arithmetic and is ω-consistent. The purpose of the present note is to outline an extension of this result to the engere Funktionenkalkul of Hilbert and Ackermann. In the author's cited paper it is pointed out that there can be associated recursively with every well-formed formula a recursive enumeration of the formulas into which it is convertible. This means the existence of a recursively defined function a of two positive integers such that, if y is the Gödel representation of a well-formed formula Y then a(x, y) is the Gödel representation of the xth formula in the enumeration of the formulas into which Y is convertible. Consider the system L of symbolic logic which arises from the engere Funktionenkalkül by adding to it: as additional undefined symbols, a symbol 1 for the number 1 (regarded as an individual), a symbol = for the propositional function = (equality of individuals), a symbol s for the arithmetic function x+1, a symbol a for the arithmetic function a described in the preceding paragraph, and symbols b1, b2, …, bk for the auxiliary arithmetic functions which are employed in the recursive definition of a; and as additional axioms, the recursion equations for the functions a, b1, b2, …, bk (expressed with free individual variables, the class of individuals being taken as identical with the class of positive integers), and two axioms of equality, x = x, and x = y →[F(x)→F(y)].
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE IMPLICATION OF POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS AND CHROMOSOMAL INVERSIONS IN RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE

Recurrent miscarriage becomes a problem that affect an increasing number of couples, almost 1% of the people who want to conceive. The aim of this study is to present the role of heterochromatic regions heteromorphism and chromosomal inversions in occurrence of recurrent miscarriage. In this study were included 354 couples with recurrent miscarriage, which presented at Medical Genetic Department of University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara between octomber 2003 and november 2007. The most common findings were pericentric inversion of chromosome 9, heteromorphism of heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 1 and 16. Our date suggests that cytogeneticists should not ignore these variants that play an important role in reproduction failure.
Stepless current commutation in Matrix Converter

A stepless current commutation technique for Matrix Converter is proposed. The proposed scheme is fast, safe and does not require any voltage and current sensors. A simple modification of the conventional input current filtering circuit limits the input short circuit current. Input and output voltage overshoots are clamped with the conventional protective diode clamp circuit. The stepless current commutation eliminates the need of complex commutation logics. The experimental results agree well with simulation results in PSpice.
Disseminating data in unreliable wireless environment

In this paper, we reexamine the issue of selective tuning using the flexible indexing scheme by T. Imielinski et al. (1994) in the context of unreliable wireless channels. We propose a mechanism that can be applied to uniform and nonuniform broadcast to enable a client using the scheme to recover from errors.
Alzheimer's research. Stopping Alzheimer's before it starts.

Alzheimer's ResearchAlzheimer's researchers have seen one promising therapy after another fail in late-stage clinical trials, raising doubts about the field's guiding hypothesis: that the accumulation of a protein fragment called β amyloid in the brain is a key step in the disease process that ultimately kills neurons and robs people of their memories and the ability to think clearly. Another interpretation, however, is that anti-amyloid therapies have so far disappointed because patients got them too late. If these same therapies were given before irreversible brain damage occurs, perhaps the disease could be prevented. Three new trials, expected to get under way next year with support from pharmaceutical companies, the National Institutes of Health, and private philanthropies, will be the sternest test yet for the amyloid hypothesis.
Optimizing broiler performance using different amino acid density diets: What are the limits?

SUMMARY Broiler responses of economic interest, such as BW gain, FCR, and breast meat yield (BMY), can be optimized by increasing amino acid (AA) concentrations, improving the AA balance, or both. The AA requirements to maximize a response are lowest for BW gain, increased for FCR, and highest for BMY. A maximum performance response is reached when the response plateaus, whereas an optimal response is the one providing the highest return per input. These are usually not the same. Strategies used in linear feed formulation differ in how dietary AA are included in the diet; therefore, understanding how these strategies affect broiler responses is necessary to compare ultimate potential benefits. Minimum CP restrictions are still used even when TSAA, Lys, and Thr restrictions are set simultaneously, and AA requirements are presently expressed as either total or digestible. The use of ratios of essential AA to Lys is more popular now that synthetic Thr has become commercially available, and it will likely have an increase in use when l -valine and l -isoleucine have competitive prices. The present-day high-yield broiler has an increased responsiveness to AA density, especially for Lys, which contrasts with published requirements still in use. Increasing Lys and other AA at the beginning of the bird's life has been shown to have some positive carryover effects on performance in later periods; however, increasing the Lys and essential AA in broiler diets in the last phases of production allows compensation for BMY because of the continuous high allometric growth rate of breast muscle. Gains in performance are expected to result from increases in dietary AA density; however, the decision regarding what AA density to use will depend on the cost of feed relative to the market price of meat.
A 2-V 2.3/4.6-GHz dual-band frequency synthesizer in 0.35-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process

This brief describes the design of a frequency synthesizer for 2.3/4.6-GHz wireless applications in a 0.35-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process. This synthesizer provides dual-band output signals by means of frequency doubling techniques. Output frequency of the proposed synthesizer ranges from 1.87-2.3 GHz, and 3.74-4.6GHz. This chip consumes a total power of 80 mW from a single 2-V supply, including 45 mW for dual-band output buffers. Core size is 2200 /spl mu/m/spl times/1600 /spl mu/m.
A Projection Bias in Frequent Subgraph Mining Can Make a Difference

The aim of the frequent subgraph mining task is to find frequently occurring subgraphs in a large graph database. However, this task is a thriving challenge, as graph and subgraph isomorphisms play a key role throughout the computations. Since subgraph isomorphism testing is a hard problem, subgraph miners are exponential in runtime. To alleviate the complexity issue, we propose to introduce a bias in the projection operator and instead of using the costly subgraph isomorphism projection, one can use a polynomial projection having a semantically-valid structural interpretation. This paper presents a new projection operator for graphs named AC-projection, which exhibits nice theoretical complexity properties. We study the size of the search space as well as some practical properties of the projection operator. We also introduce a novel breadth-first algorithm for frequent AC-reduced subgraphs mining. Then, we prove experimentally that we can achieve an important performance gain (polynomial complexity projection) without or with non-significant loss of discovered patterns in terms of quality.
Characterisation and glucoregulatory actions of a novel acylated form of the (Pro3)GIP receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes

Abstract In this study, we tested the biological activity of a novel acylated form of (Pro3)glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypetide [(Pro3)GIP] prepared by conjugating palmitic acid to Lys16 to enhance its efficacy in vivo by promoting binding to albumin and extending its biological actions. Like the parent molecule (Pro3)GIP, (Pro3)GIPLys16PAL was completely stable to the actions of DPP-IV and significantly (p<0.01 to p<0.001) inhibited GIP-stimulated cAMP production and cellular insulin secretion. Furthermore, acute administration of (Pro3)GIPLys16PAL also significantly (p<0.05 to p<0.001) countered the glucose-lowering and insulin-releasing actions of GIP in ob/ob mice. Daily injection of (Pro3)GIPLys16PAL (25 nmol/kg bw) in 14–18-week-old ob/ob mice over 14 days had no effect on body weight, food intake or non-fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. (Pro3)GIPLys16PAL treatment also failed to significantly alter the glycaemic response to an i.p. glucose load or test meal, but insulin concentrations were significantly reduced (1.5-fold; p<0.05) after the glucose load. Insulin sensitivity was enhanced (1.3-fold; p<0.05) and pancreatic insulin was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the (Pro3)GIPLys16PAL-treated mice. These data demonstrate that acylation of Lys16 with palmitic acid in (Pro3)GIP does not improve its biological effectiveness as a GIP receptor antagonist.
A Connectionist Model of Brand–Quality Associations

Consumers use brand names and product features to predict the performance of products. Various learning models offer hypotheses about the source of these predictive associations. Spreading-activation models hypothesize that cues acquire predictive value as a consequence of being present during the acquisition of product performance information. Least mean squares connectionist models hypothesize that any one cue acquires predictive value only to the extent that it can predict differences in performance that are not already predicted by other available cues. Five studies in the context of portfolio-branding strategies provide evidence supporting a least mean squares connectionist model. As predicted by this model, results show that subbranding and ingredient-branding strategies can protect brands from dilution in some situations but can promote dilution in other situations.
The new oral anticoagulants: practical management for patients attending for endoscopic procedures

Guidelines published by the British Society of Gastroenterology have standardised the care of patients attending for endoscopy procedures, taking aspirin, clopidogrel and warfarin. Two new oral anticoagulant drugs, Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran, are licensed and National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) approved for use in the UK. Unlike warfarin, these drugs do not require regular monitoring, and are at least as effective in preventing stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. As such, they are likely to become popular among patients and clinicians alike. This paper summarises the practical management of patients taking these drugs attending for endoscopic procedures.
Energy Loss and Sticking Mechanisms in Particle Aggregation in Planetesimal Formation

Abstract A crucial step in the development of planetary systems is the aggregation of small solid particles to form planetesimals in gaseous protoplanetary disks such as the primordial solar nebula. Among small (centimeter-sized) aggregates for which self-gravity is negligible, a sticking mechanism is needed to hold the aggregate together, even when the relative velocities are very low. A similar cohesive process may also determine the size distribution of particles in planetary rings. In order to provide the crucial data, we carry out experiments to investigate the contact sticking that occurs for surfaces coated with different types of frosts, deposited at various (low) temperatures and pressures relevant to solar nebula conditions. Our preliminary measurements show that several types of frost-coated surfaces stick together when brought into contact at very low temperatures (∼100 K), but the sticking forces depend on the deposition conditions. For ice particles covered with H 2 O and CO 2 frost: (1) the energy loss in collisions depends strongly on the impact speed and surface structure, and (2) particle “sticking” can occur if the impact speed is sufficiently low. Static sticking experiments using methanol (CH 3 OH) frost demonstrate that methanol is also an effective “sticky” frost. We apply these results to planetesimal formation and suggest that a layer of surface frost provides both the energy loss and the contact sticking required for the formation of large aggregates.
Alpha-MSH peptides inhibit production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by microglial cells activated with beta-amyloid and interferon gamma.

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is an ancient tridecapeptide with potent inhibitory activity in all major forms of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory message sequence of alpha-MSH resides in the COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH[11-13]. We tested the influence of alpha-MSH[1-13] and of alpha-MSH[11-13] in a cultured murine microglia cell line known to produce nitric oxide (NO(-)(2)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) when stimulated with beta-amyloid protein (Abeta). Melanocortin peptides significantly inhibited release of both NO(-)(2) and TNFalpha into cell-free supernatants from microglia stimulated with Abeta[1-42] or Abeta[25-35] peptides and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). Northern blot analysis demonstrated that alpha-MSH[1-13] and alpha-MSH[11-13] inhibited accumulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNFalpha mRNA was triggered by Abeta stimulation. Abeta/microglial interaction is believed to promote the progression of inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes in senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Our data indicate that alpha-MSH peptides might be used to modulate the local response of the brain to Abeta deposition in this neurodegenerative disease.
A Shielding Structure for Crosstalk Reduction in Silicon Interposer

High-density interconnects including redistribution layers (RDLs) and through-silicon-vias (TSVs) in silicon interposer require effective crosstalk-reduction signaling schemes. In this letter, a novel ground RDL lines structure utilizing ohmic contact is proposed for coupling mitigation, where the conventional insulator layer between the silicon substrate and the ground RDL lines is removed. An equivalent circuit model is developed to capture the coupling reduction mechanism. The proposed structure is then verified by the full-wave simulations. Finally, a test sample is fabricated and measured. The measurement results show a good correlation with those of the developed equivalent circuit model.
The Psychological Septum. An Investigation into Its Function

ABSTRACT An experiment was designed that demonstrates that in a state of normal binocular vision a low plus sphere fogging the vision to 6/12 (20/40) produces an inhibition of the central foveal cones in the fogged eye. This inhibition is a natural process that can be switched on and off rapidly so that the fovea receiving the clearer image can examine it and hence produce maximum binocular acuity.
Comparison of 111In-[DTPA0]Octreotide Versus Non Carrier Added 177Lu- [DOTA0,Tyr3]-Octreotate Efficacy in Patients With GEP-NET Treated Intra-arterially for Liver Metastases

Aim In patients with progressive, metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET), intra-arterial radionuclide infusions with high activities of 111In-[DTPA0]-octreotide and more recently with non-carrier added (nca) 177Lu-[DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate have been performed with encouraging results. However, the affinity profiles (IC50) of these radiopeptides for human sst2 receptors are markedly different (111In-[DTPA0]-octreotide, 22 ± 3.6 nM and nca 177Lu-[DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate, 1.5 ± 4.0 nM). The total administered activity is determined by organ dose limits (kidneys and bone marrow), and our aim therefore was to compare and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of both radiopeptides in metastatic NETs. Methods Thirty patients with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) somatostatin-positive NETs with liver metastases confirmed on biopsy and 111In-pentetreotide scan were included. They were treated with 111In-[DTPA0]-octreotide (n = 17) or nca 177Lu-[DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate (n = 13). Blood samples were collected 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours postadministration to calculate residence time in blood and in red marrow. The maximum percentage uptake in organs and tumors was estimated by region of interest analysis, and tumor dosimetry calculations were performed using OLINDA/EXM/ 1.0 software. Results nca177Lu-[DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate blood radioactivity, expressed as a percentage of the injected dose, was significantly lower than 111In-[DTPA0]-octreotide (P < 0.05), as clearly depicted from the time-activity curves; the background-corrected tumor uptake was significantly higher than 111In-[DTPA0]-octreotide but without any significant difference in other organs (spleen, kidneys, and liver). Conclusions Using 177Lu-[DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate, a 3-fold higher absorbed dose to tumor tissue was achieved compared with 111In-[DTPA0] octreotide. Residence time of nca 177Lu-[DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate results in a significantly higher absorbed dose to bone marrow compared with 111In-[DTPA0]-octreotide. However, a drawback of 111In-[DTPA0]-octreotide therapy is that the number of administrations would need to be almost doubled to achieve an equal therapeutic outcome as compared with 177Lu-[DOTA0,Tyr3]-octreotate.
Muscle Selection for Focal Limb Dystonia

Selection of muscles for botulinum toxin injection for limb dystonia is particularly challenging. Limb dystonias vary more widely in the pattern of dystonic movement and involved muscles than cervical dystonia or blepharospasm. The large variation in how healthy individuals perform skilled hand movements, the large number of muscles in the hand and forearm, and the presence of compensatory actions in patients with dystonia add to the complexity of choosing muscles for injection. In this article, we discuss approaches to selecting upper and lower extremity muscles for chemodenervation treatment of limb dystonia.
Impact of gag mutations on selection of darunavir resistance mutations in HIV-1 protease.

OBJECTIVES To search for genetic factors in the protease and gag regions (NC-p1/TFP-p6/p6pol) involved in selection of darunavir resistance mutations. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed 48 protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced HIV-infected patients experiencing darunavir treatment failure. Viral genotyping at baseline and months 3 and 6 was used to assess the selection of mutations in the protease and gag regions conferring resistance to PIs. RESULTS There were no genotypic differences in the studied gag region between baseline and the latest available rebound isolates. There was an association between the presence of the mutation A431V in the gag sequence and the selection of the L76V mutation in the protease sequence in the latest available rebound. The I437T/V mutation in gag and the L76V mutation in the protease were associated with a lower risk of selecting darunavir resistance mutations. CONCLUSIONS In these PI-treated patients experiencing treatment failure of a darunavir-containing regimen, we showed that mutations in the gag region NC-p1/TFP-p6/p6pol may influence the selection of darunavir resistance mutations; in particular, the I437T/V gag mutation that confers resistance to PIs reduces the selection of such mutations. Virus with L76V in protease or I437T/V in gag may be already resistant to darunavir and, therefore, no additional resistance mutations need to be selected.
The Solar System as a 3D Metaphor to Visualize User Interactions in a Social Network

With the popularity of social networks, users can communicate with each other in a more convenient way. However, the increasing amount of data poses new challenges for the analysis of the social activities of the users. In this paper, we propose to visualize the heterogeneous information of user interactions in a social network in a three-dimensional way using the concept of solar systems. The target user represents the center of the solar system. We determine physical variables from interaction frequencies between the user and their friends to be visualized. This gives the user a better insight about their relationships on Facebook. To show the interactions between the user and their friends, we choose four variables related to the solar system: the size of each planet, its angular velocity, and the semi-major and the semi-minor axis of its elliptical orbit. Our system measures the interaction frequencies between a user and their friends based on a linear model. Its coefficients are derived from an online survey we performed. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of our estimated interaction frequency is better than the accuracies for each individual interaction feature. The average accuracy improvement is 15.93%.
Limited phase I study of morphine-3-glucuronide.

The toxicity of morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) has been investigated in an open, uncontrolled, single-blinded, single dose study over a limited range of doses. Three cohorts each of three healthy volunteers received 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/70 kg intravenous (IV) M3G. Blood sampling was undertaken for the following 24 h. Subjective toxicity was recorded on visual analogue scales and plasma M3G concentrations measured by a specific HPLC assay. Virtually no effects and no change in cardiovascular or respiratory parameters were seen. The pharmacokinetics fitted a two-compartment model. The mean elimination half-life (+/- S.D.) of M3G was 1.66 (+/- 0.47) h. Mean AUC standardized to a dose of 1 mg/70 kg was 228 (+/- 62) etamolL(-1) x h. Mean M3G clearance was 169 (+/- 48) mLmin(-1) and the mean volume of distribution was 23.1 (+/- 4.8) liters. At the doses investigated there were no clear neuroexcitatory effects, no opioid effects, and the pharmacokinetics were very similar to those of morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G).