Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamics Force Analysis for Designing a Flapping Butterfly Robot Wing

Flyable robots are always amazed human because its behavior. Designing a flapping wing robot is complex since wing aerodyanamics and aeroelastics have to be considered. In this research, wing section aerodynamics forces are explained. Several aerodynamic equations are derived and estimated in order to obtain lift and thrust forces that acted on each butterfly wing section. Average lift force over one flapping cycle is used to design the prototype butterfly robot wing structure and motion. Wing structure is designed based on the real butterfly wing dimension. Wing was made by a reinforced laminar plastic sheet in order to achieve wing's rigidity and properties of thin airfoil. Separated servo driven flapping mechanism is selected in this research due to its flexibility and performance. Finally, prototype butterfly wing is designed.
Inter-Flow and Intra-Flow Network Coding Aware Routing for Wireless Multi-hop Network

Network coding possesses great potentiality in promoting wireless multi-hop network throughput performance. Network coding applied in routings includes intra-flow network coding and inter-flow network coding. The aim of intra-flow network coding is to promote wireless transmissions reliability. For inter-flow network coding, its purpose is to reduce transmission number and rise network throughput. In this paper, an inter-flow and intra-flow network coding aware routing (RACR) is designed for wireless multi-hop network to make use of the benefits of both intra-flow and inter-flow network coding. RACR actively detects inter-flow coding opportunities on the basis of network coding condition in routing discovery in order to discover more coding opportunities. In addition, intra-flow network coding is exploited at source node of each flow to ensure correct inter-flow decoding and to avoid the dependence on the receiving of any specific packet. The simulation results on NS2 confirm that RACR can reduce transmissions times and rise the throughput of network.
Distance Threshold Viterbi Decoding of Convolutional Codes

This work introduces a reduced complexity Viterbi decoding algorithm for convolutional codes. Since the guaranteed error correcting capability is determined by the minimum free distance of the convolutional code, the proposed algorithm will use the free distance threshold as an elimination rule at each state. This discarding threshold is simple in a sense that it does not need updating from one trellis time index to another. The proposed algorithm yields almost the same error performance as the Viterbi algorithm while requiring a substantially smaller average number of computations. Nonetheless, the proposed algorithm has inherent flexibility such that a good compromise between complexity reduction and error performance is fulfilled.
Target Localization Based on Intermodulation Feedback for Multisine Wireless Power Transmission Using a Time-Modulated Array

To achieve accurate power feeding to a terminal (e.g. rectenna) in the far-field wireless power transmission (WPT), a new method is proposed to locate the terminal so that the base station can adaptively adjust its beam steering and transmitting power to satisfy the high-efficiency power conversion conditions of the rectifier. In this work, the generated intermodulation (IM) signal at rectenna under multisine incidence is employed to establish the feedback link with the base station. A linear time-modulated array (TMA) is exploited to generate two-tone multisine wave by the optimized modulation sequence thanks to its multi-beam radiation behavior at the base station side. In the terminal end, the IM signal is spontaneously produced due to the nonlinearity of power rectifying under two-tone incidence and employed as the feedback. To highly isolate the two tones and IM signal, a dual linear polarized (DLP) antenna is designed to ensure a compact system design for both sides. By this way, the feedback IM signal carrying the terminal’s direction and distance information is sensed by orthogonally polarized antenna pairs. Then the direction of terminal is obtained by the proposed high-accuracy direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method using a multi-baseline TMA, which is realized by a two-stage single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switching network. Regarding the imperfection of RF switches, a compensation method is proposed. With estimated DoA, the distance between terminal and base station is evaluated based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) method. To verify the feedback mechanism, a prototype is fabricated and tested.
An Origami-Structured Flexible Electronic Substrate with Faces Parallel to Target-of-Attachment Surfaces

We propose a flexible electronic substrate structured by Origami folding of non-stretchable film with faces parallel to target-of-attachment surfaces. A folding (“Origami”) or cutting (“Kirigami”) of a thin film have opened up the application of non-stretchable materials to flexible electronic devices attached to a curved surface. In this paper, we propose origami-structured flexible electronic substrates which have faces parallel to the target-of-attachment surface. The parallel faces have engineering importance and usefulness for taking direct contact with target-of-attachment surfaces and mounting electronic elements, e.g. sensors or light emitters. These characteristics are expected to allow for the realization of flexible devices capable of sensing shear force or flow velocity parallel to object's surfaces.
PEST ERADICATION TECHNOLOGY – THE CRITICAL PARTNER TO PEST EXCLUSION TECHNOLOGY: THE MAUNGATAUTARI EXPERIENCE

Invasive pest eradication is an increasingly viable management option for conservation and wildlife managers all over the world. The list of successful rodent eradications from isolated islands continues to grow globally. Now, with the development of effective pest exclusion technologies, the opportunities for eradicating multiple species of vertebrate pests from progressively larger fragments of habitat in mainland situations are also increasing. Attempts at eradicating up to fifteen separate species of pest mammal from indigenous forest fragments protected by Xcluder pest proof fencing have been made on the main islands of New Zealand. These include various assemblages of multiple species of deer (Cervidae), feral pig (Sus scrofa), brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), lagomorphs, rodents and a range of other predators. At some sites, individual species remain, while at others, complete eradication of a full suite of previously present pest species has been achieved. Using the 3,400 ha Maungatautari Project as a case study, we explore critical issues associated with successful pest eradication and reinvasion management in habitats protected by pest proof fencing, including eradication methods, finding and removing survivors, monitoring and surveillance, and the behaviour of reinvading pests. The transfer of the techniques successfully developed in New Zealand to other parts of the world is likely to depend as much on the regulatory environment at the management site as on the pest species present.
High speed laser printing and sintering of flexible RFID antennas and fingerprint sensors

The recent developments in the field of large area, flexible and printed electronics have fueled substantial advancements in Laser Printing and Laser Sintering, which have been attracting interest over the past decade. Resulting applications, ranging from flexible displays and sensors, to biometric devices and healthcare, have already showcased transformational advantages in terms of form factor, weight and durability. In HiperLAM project, Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT), combined with high speed laser micro-sintering are employed, as digital microfabrication tools for the demonstration of fully functional RFID antennas and fingerprint sensors based on highly viscous Ag and Cu nanoparticle inks. Having previously successfully demonstrated complex structures, this work’s focus is on increasing the process throughput and yield by increasing the laser repetition rate (up to 40 kHz) and scanning speed (up to 2 m/s), without compromising reliability and resolution. In order to gain insight into the effects of the incremented repetition rate on the printing procedure, the latter was monitored in real time via a high-speed camera, able to acquire up to 540.000 fps, coupled to the setup. Examples of resulting structures comprise well-defined interdigitated and spiral micro-electrodes with post-sintering electrical resistivity lower than 5 x bulk Ag and 3 x bulk Cu. The aforementioned results validate the compatibility of laser based processing with the field of flexible RFID tags and OTFT based fingerprint sensors and foster the wider adoption of LIFT and laser micro-sintering technology for laboratory and industrial use.
Post-Harvest Storage and Processing Changes in Carotenoids, Chlorophylls, and Micronutrients in Pterocarpus Mildbraedii

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ambient temperature storage (29±2°C) and domestic processing on the carotenoids, chlorophylls, vitamins and minerals in Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaves. Total β–carotene was determined spectrophotometrically while HPLC was used for detailed analysis of carotenoids. The results indicated that P. mildbraedii was rich in lutein (261.96μg/gdwt) and Total –β – carotene (83.53μg/gdwt). Cooking and storage significantly (P>0.05) increased the contents of total β – carotene. β –carotene isomerized more, due to thermal processing than storage. Initial concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b ratio were 1.86 mg/gfwt, 0.72mg/gfwt and 2.44 mg/gfwt respectively. Preliminary nutritional data including the mineral elements (K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe) and vitamins contents (ascorbic and, riboflavin, thiamin, Niacin and phyllquinone) are presented. Cooking significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the contents of chlorophylls, water soluble vitamins and minerals. However, storage conditions in our study resulted in a non – statistical decrease in the contents of vitamins and minerals when compared with raw samples. The levels of β – carotene (Vitamin A), riboflavin, ascorbic acid and phylloquinone in cooked leave sample, are adequate to meet their corresponding RDAs in Children and adults respectively.
The First Step of Neurospora crassa Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis: Regulatory Aspects under N-Derepressing and Nitrate-Inducing Conditions

Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is the active site prosthetic group found in all Moco dependent enzymes, except for nitrogenase. Mo-enzymes are crucial for viability throughout all kingdoms of life as they catalyze a diverse set of two electron transfer reactions. The highly conserved Moco biosynthesis pathway consists of four different steps in which guanosine triphosphate is converted into cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, molybdopterin (MPT), and subsequently adenylated MPT and Moco. Although the enzymes and mechanisms involved in these steps are well characterized, the regulation of eukaryotic Moco biosynthesis is not. Within this work, we described the regulation of Moco biosynthesis in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, which revealed the first step of the multi-step pathway to be under transcriptional control. We found, that upon the induction of high cellular Moco demand a single transcript variant of the nit-7 gene is increasingly formed pointing towards, that essentially the encoded enzyme NIT7-A is the key player for Moco biosynthesis activity in Neurospora.
Prolonged mitosis results in structurally aberrant and over-elongated centrioles

Centrioles build centrosomes and cilia, but these microtubule-based structures are frequently abnormal in tumor cells and exhibit structural aberrations such as centriole elongation. Kong et al. demonstrate that centrioles don't have an elongation monitoring mechanism, which renders them prone to over-elongation, especially during prolonged mitosis.
A Possible Primordial Acetyleno/Carboxydotrophic Core Metabolism

Carbon fixation, in addition to the evolution of metabolism, is a main requirement for the evolution of life. Here, we report a one-pot carbon fixation of acetylene (C2H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) by aqueous nickel sulfide (NiS) under hydrothermal (>100 °C) conditions. A slurry of precipitated NiS converts acetylene and carbon monoxide into a set of C2–4-products that are surprisingly representative for C2–4-segments of all four central CO2-fixation cycles of the domains Bacteria and Archaea, whereby some of the products engage in the same interconversions, as seen in the central CO2-fixation cycles. The results suggest a primordial, chemically predetermined, non-cyclic acetyleno/carboxydotrophic core metabolism. This metabolism is based on aqueous organo–metal chemistry, from which the extant central CO2-fixation cycles based on thioester chemistry would have evolved by piecemeal modifications.
Truncation of CXCL8 to CXCL8(9‐77) enhances actin polymerization and in vivo migration of neutrophils

CXCL8 is the principal human neutrophil‐attracting chemokine and a major mediator of inflammation. The chemokine exerts its neutrophil‐chemotactic and neutrophil‐activating activities via interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and activation of the G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) CXCR1 and CXCR2. Natural CXCL8 displays an exceptional degree of amino (NH2)‐terminal heterogeneity. Most CXCL8 forms result from proteolytic processing of authentic CXCL8(1‐77). Here, we compared the potencies to activate and recruit neutrophils of the 3 most abundant natural CXCL8 forms: full‐length 77 amino acid CXCL8 and the 2 major natural truncated forms lacking 5 or 8 NH2‐terminal amino acids. NH2‐terminal truncation hardly affected the capacity of CXCL8 to induce shedding of CD62L or to up‐regulate the expression of the adhesion molecules CD11a, CD11b, or CD15 on human neutrophils. In addition, the potency of CXCL8 to induce neutrophil degranulation and its effect on phagocytosis remained unaltered upon removal of 5 or 8 NH2‐terminal residues. However, NH2‐terminal truncation strongly potentiated CXCL8‐induced actin polymerization. CXCL8(6‐77) and CXCL8(9‐77) showed a comparable capacity to induce Ca2+ signaling in human neutrophils and to direct in vitro neutrophil migration. Strikingly, the ability of CXCL8(9‐77) to recruit neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity of mice was significantly enhanced compared to CXCL8(6‐77). These results suggest that NH2‐terminal truncation influences specific biological activities of CXCL8 and indicate that CXCL8(9‐77) may be the most potent neutrophil‐attracting CXCL8 form in vivo.
Mango Peel Pectin by Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Its Use as Fat Replacement in Dried Chinese Sausage

In this research, low-fat dried Chinese sausage was formulated with mango peel pectin (MPP; 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w)) extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The extractable yield of pectin attained from peel of Nam Dok Mai variety was achieved at 13.85% using 700-watt power. The extracted MPP were of high equivalent weight (1485.78 mg/mol), degree esterification (77.19%) and methoxyl content (19.33%) with a structure of greater porosity as compared to that of the conventional method. Spectrum scans by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) indicated that the extracted MPP gave similar wave number profiles as the commercial pectin. Quality attributes of the Chinese sausages were assessed and compared with the control formula (CTRL). At higher concentrations of MPP, the intensity of redness and yellowness in sausage increased. The texture profile of the sausage illustrated that only the hardness value was comparable with the CTRL, while springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were statistically lower (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the sensory evaluation by experienced panellists (n = 12) indicated that 5% MPP similarly represented overall acceptability with the CTRL. Consequently, MPP can be effectively incorporated in the formula at low level to replace fat in Chinese sausage, allowing colour improvement and production of a healthier option.
GLP‐1 and insulin regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular perfusion in type 2 diabetes

Muscle microvasculature critically regulates skeletal and cardiac muscle health and function. It provides endothelial surface area for substrate exchange between the plasma compartment and the muscle interstitium. Insulin fine‐tunes muscle microvascular perfusion to regulate its own action in muscle and oxygen and nutrient supplies to muscle. Specifically, insulin increases muscle microvascular perfusion, which results in increased delivery of insulin to the capillaries that bathe the muscle cells and then facilitate its own transendothelial transport to reach the muscle interstitium. In type 2 diabetes, muscle microvascular responses to insulin are blunted and there is capillary rarefaction. Both loss of capillary density and decreased insulin‐mediated capillary recruitment contribute to a decreased endothelial surface area available for substrate exchange. Vasculature expresses abundant glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) receptors. GLP‐1, in addition to its well‐characterized glycemic actions, improves endothelial function, increases muscle microvascular perfusion, and stimulates angiogenesis. Importantly, these actions are preserved in the insulin resistant states. Thus, treatment of insulin resistant patients with GLP‐1 receptor agonists may improve skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular perfusion and increase muscle capillarization, leading to improved delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones such as insulin to the myocytes. These actions of GLP‐1 impact skeletal and cardiac muscle function and systems biology such as functional exercise capacity. Preclinical studies and clinical trials involving the use of GLP‐1 receptor agonists have shown salutary cardiovascular effects and improved cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Future studies should further examine the different roles of GLP‐1 in cardiac as well as skeletal muscle function.
Comparision of Upper Thoracic Epidural Analgesia versus Low Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft for Perioperative Pain Management and Fast Tracking

Background: Upper thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is compared with lower thoracic epidural analgesia for the perioperative pain management and fast tracking in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) surgery for the intraoperative hemodynamic, quality of analgesia, incentive spirometry, time to awakening & extubation and intensive care unit (ICU) duration. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized comparative clinical study was conducted with total of 60 patients randomized to either Group U: Upper TEA (n = 30) or Group L: Lower TEA (n = 30). Visual analog scale (VAS) was recorded in both the groups during rest and deep breathing at the various time intervals postextubation. Both the groups were also compared for intraoperative hemodynamics, incentive spirometry, time to awakening, and extubation and ICU duration. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent Student's t-test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Postextubation VAS score at rest and deep breathing at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h were statistically significant in both groups (P ≤ 0.05). Incentive spirometry, time to awakening and extubation and duration of ICU stay were also statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) between the groups. Conclusion: Lower thoracic epidural was better than upper thoracic epidural in perioperative pain management and fast tracking in OPCAB surgery.
Design and Application of an ANN Controlled Off Grid Inverter for PV Power Systems

: Most of conventional power systems, especially fossil fuel plants harms the environment. Their poisoning and toxic gas emission levels are dangerous for our future. In recent years, renewable energy sources are in demand for clean energy production. One of the most using renewable energy generation style is photovoltaic power systems have increasing place in renewable power plants. However, new control technics using on PV power systems for power generation are in progress to improve power quality and reliability. In this paper, one of the methods in progress, artificial neural network control system is handled for generating clean energy. An ANN (Artificial Neural Network) controlled inverter topology is designed simulated and experimented. The proposed inverter model includes a dc/dc converter stage in order to boost up and stabilize the PV panel’s output voltage, and it includes a three-phase push-pull inverter stage to feed ac loads.
“Paralympic Brain”. Compensation and Reorganization of a Damaged Human Brain with Intensive Physical Training

The main aim of the study was to evaluate how the brain of a Paralympic athlete with severe disability due to cerebral palsy has reorganized after continuous training geared to enhance performance. Both corticospinal excitability of upper-limb muscles and electromyographic activity during swimming were investigated for a Paralympic gold medalist in swimming competitions. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the affected and intact hand motor cortical area revealed that the affected side finger muscle cortical representation area shifted towards the temporal side, and cortico-spinal excitability of the target muscle was prominently facilitated, i.e., the maximum motor evoked potential in the affected side, 6.11 ± 0.19 mV was greater than that in the intact side, 4.52 ± 0.39 mV (mean ± standard error). Electromyographic activities during swimming demonstrated well-coordinated patterns as compared with rather spastic activities observed in the affected side during walking on land. These results suggest that the ability of the brain to reorganize through intensive training in Paralympic athletes can teach interesting lessons to the field neurorehabilitation.
Group-based cognitive stimulation therapy for dementia: a qualitative study on experiences of group interactions

Abstract Objectives Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is an evidence-based group intervention shown to improve cognition and quality of life in dementia and is widely implemented across the NHS. However, no attempt has been made to understand the possible advantages, and/or disadvantages, of delivering CST in a group format. The main aim of the present study was to explore experiences of group interactions in CST and longer-term maintenance CST (MCST) groups. Method A total of twenty-one semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted across four separate groups delivered in London, the East Midlands, South West and South East of England; including two CST and two MCST groups. Group members with mild to moderate dementia and facilitators from these groups were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data using NVivo software. Results The final analysis identified six themes: ‘benefits and challenges of group expression’, ‘importance of companionship and getting to know others, ‘togetherness and shared identity’, ‘group entertainment’, ‘group support’ and ‘cognitive stimulation through the group’. The inter-connecting relationship between these themes are synthesised and summarised. Conclusion Findings support the notion that therapeutic advantages inherent to the group format exist in group-based CST. New insights into the challenges related to a group format are also highlighted and discussed. Future research may benefit from exploring the relationship between the identified experiences of group interactions and clinical outcomes.