Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Initial Investigation into the Use of a Flux Chamber Technique to Measure Soil-Atmosphere Gas Exchanges from Application of Biosolids to UK Soils

While a significant amount of work has been conducted to assess the concentration of pollutants in soils and waterways near land that has been amended with biosolids, a relatively small body of research investigating emissions to atmosphere is available in the literature. Some studies have indicated that while the CO2 emissions from soils decrease with fertiliser application, the CH4 and N2O emissions might be increased, offsetting the benefit. The objective of the research presented in this paper was to address this gap, by the use of a flux chamber technique to measure soil-atmosphere gas exchanges from the application of biosolids to land. This was done by applying three different types of biosolids to soils and measuring gases at the soil-atmosphere interface. The measurements were taken on areas with three different types of vegetation. The gases were collected using a flux chamber technique and analysed by gas chromatography. The results presented here are preliminary findings of an ongoing experiment. Insignificant variation appeared to occur between different areas of vegetation; however, small variations in gas concentrations were observed indicating a need for continued monitoring of soil-atmosphere gas exchanges to determine the long-term impacts on the atmosphere and the environment.
Castilla-La Mancha Cities' Competitiveness in Intellectual Capital as Compared to Other Spanish Cities

Intellectual capital plays a central role in smart cities. The aim of this paper is to apply the recently developed model based on intellectual capital to measure and manage cities' competitiveness. This model is applied to cities in Castilla-La Mancha and another 19 Spanish cities, enabling a comparative analysis between these cities. To this end, the study presents a synthetic indicator that allows us to rank Spanish cities based on available information and propose a comprehensive management strategy that addresses both tangible and intangible competitiveness. From the results, it can be concluded that the cities of Castilla-La Mancha feature excellent human capacities and a good quality of life but that there is room for improvement in terms of city infrastructure and planning.
Compassion focused therapy for eating disorders: A qualitative review and recommendations for further applications

Background People suffering from an eating disorder (ED), or more generally with eating, body image, and weight concerns, have been found to experience high levels of self-criticism, self-directed hostility, and shame. Furthermore, these individuals tend to have difficulties generating and activating affiliative and self-soothing emotions. Methods Compassion focused therapy (CFT) specifically addresses these issues, and CFT for eating disorders (CFT-E) was designed to incorporate the development and practice of compassion for self and others into standard ED treatment programs to assist with these issues. Results This article describes (1) the theoretical rationale for cultivating compassion for self and others as part of ED treatment, (2) the adaptation and incorporation of CFT-E within ED treatment programs, and (3) a qualitative review of the current evidence base for CFT-E. Conclusions Finally, the article will explore recent and potential future developments in CFT-E, and recommendations for the use of CFT-E in clinical practice, including its application for those who present with other eating and weight concerns (such as being overweight or obese), and various modes of inpatient and community-based delivery.
SATELLITE IMAGE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE BASED ON LANCZOS INTERPOLATION AND NLFMT FILTERING

Satellite images are being used now a days in various fields such as weather forecasting, remote sensing, cartography, oceanography etc. Obtaining high quality images are of prime importance in such cases. But it may not be always possible due to the sensor limitations, atmospheric conditions and due to transmission. Thus the images suffer from the drawback of losing high frequency contents (which results in blurring). A wavelet domain approach based on method noise thresholding and non local means (NLM) is proposed for the enhancement of the images. An input image is passed through a NLM filter, then its method noise is thresholded. The NLM filtered image is summed with the thresholded method noise to cater for the image details removed by the NLM filter. The denoised image is interpolated using the Lanczos interpolator for resolution enhancement. Objective and subjective analyses reveal superiority of the proposed technique over the conventional and state,of,the,art image enhancem ent techniques.
Sequential Geometric Approach for Device-Free Localization with Outlier Link Rejection

Device-free localization (DFL) is an emerging technique for estimating the location of the target that does not attach any electronic equipment. Wireless devices are needed to perform as transmitters or receivers. The location of the target is estimated by detecting the changes of the received signal strength (RSS) measurements of the wireless links formed by wireless transmitters and receivers. Due to the uncertainty of the wireless channel, certain links may be polluted seriously, resulting in error detection. In this paper, we propose a novel sequential geometric approach with outlier link rejection (SGOLR) for DFL. It consists of three sequential strategies, including (1) affected link identification by differential RSS detection; (2) outlier link rejection via clustering algorithm by intersection of link (IoL) calculation from the affected links; and (3) density based IoL selection and target location estimation from the remained IoLs. Experimental results show that SGOLR is robust to the fluctuation of the wireless signals with superior localization accuracy compared with the existing Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI) approach.
Some Features of the Distribution of Aquatic Vascular Plants in Asian Russia

Some features of the distribution of aquatic vascular plants in Asian Russia (limits of distribution and phytogeographical patterns) are discussed. Many northern species penetrate far to the south via watersheds and mountain systems, while southern species go far to the north by the valleys of large rivers. Some species considered circumpolar are represented by 2–3 allopatric species. For some species, the ranges have been expanded in Asian Russia, some other taxa have been combined in one widespread species. The possible centers of the diversity of this group are outlined (Southern Siberia, Amur and Primorie areas, Central Yakutia and Kamchatka).
A hidden class page-ad probability model for contextual advertising

Contextual advertising is a form of online advertising in which textual advertisements are displayed on web pages. Ideally, the textual ads should be relevant to the content or topic of the web page. A good indicator of relevance or clickability for an ad with respect to a given page might be the overlap between the words in the page and the words in the ad. However, the choice of words used by the advertiser may differ from the actual words in the content page, even if the text of ad is relevant to the topic of the content page. This paper presents a hidden class page-ad probability (HCPA) model in which the semantic relationships between page terms and ad terms are modeled with hidden classes. These hidden classes can be used to infer topics for whole pages and ads, which in turn can be used infer the relevance of an ad to a page, even when there is little or no vocabulary overlap between the ad and the page. The hidden class model parameters are obtained by applying the EM algorithm over a data set of page-ad pairs representing user click-throughs. This paper shows example topics obtained from click-through data, and demonstrates that the topic information increases the precision and recall of a second probability model designed to predict clicks for contextual advertising.
Antioxidants and Total Phenolics of Ludwigia repens rubin Partially Improve the Hepatic Damage Induced by Carbon Tetra Chloride in Animal Model

This research investigated the antioxidative and hepatoprotective properties of Ludwigia repens methanol extract. Antioxidative effects were measured by DPPH radical scavenging method and FeCl3 reducing power assay method. Total phenolic and total flavonoid were measured by established in vitro methods. Hepatoprotective potential was investigated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxic model of Wistar Albino rat. Data were analyzed by using statistical software SPSS. The extract showed a dose-dependent antioxidative activity in all in vitro experiments. Free radical scavenging effect in terms of IC50 value of the extract was found to be 75 μg/ml. Reducing power was gradually increased with the increase of concentration of the extract. Total phenolic content was 906.38  15.95 mg gallic acid /g of dry weight of the extract and total flavonoid was 661.21  2.20 mg of querecetine equivalent/g of L. repens extract. The hepatoprotective action of the plant extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg BW was evidenced by lowering of ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides level. An increase level of protein synthesis and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to CCl4 control group was also evident in treatment group. The study results suggested that oral intake of L. repens leaves extract may enhance the antioxidant defense status in the body and may reduce the risk of hepatic damage.
Does Extending Unemployment Benefits Improve Job Quality?

Contrary to standard search model predictions, prior studies failed to estimate a positive effect of unemployment insurance (UI) on reemployment wages. This paper estimates a positive UI wage effect exploiting an age-based regression discontinuity in Austrian administrative data. A search model incorporating duration dependence determines the UI wage effect as the balance between two offsetting forces: UI causes agents to seek higher-wage jobs, but also reduces wages by lengthening unemployment. This implies a negative relationship between the UI unemployment duration and wage effects, which holds empirically both in our sample and across studies, reconciling disparate wage-effect estimates. Empirically, UI raises wages by improving reemployment firms' quality and attenuating wage drops.
Wang An Improved Method to Compute Sparse Graphs for Traveling Salesman Problem

The Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is NP-hard in combinatorial optimization. The research shows the algorithms for TSP on the sparse graphs have the shorter computation time than those for TSP according to the complete graphs. We present an improved iterative algorithm to compute the sparse graphs for TSP by frequency graphs computed with frequency quadrilaterals. The iterative algorithm is enhanced by adjusting two parameters of the algorithm. The computation time of the algorithm is O(CNmaxn) where C is the iterations, Nmax is the maximum number of frequency quadrilaterals containing each edge and n is the scale of TSP. The experimental results showed the computed sparse graphs generally have less than 5n edges for most of these Euclidean instances. Moreover, the maximum degree and minimum degree of the vertices in the sparse graphs do not have much difference. Thus, the computation time of the methods to resolve the TSP on these sparse graphs will be greatly reduced. Keywords—Frequency quadrilateral, iterative algorithm, sparse graph, traveling salesman problem.
Effects of essential oil supplementation of a corn silage based diet fed to lactating Holstein dairy cows

ESSENTIAL OIL SUPPLEMENTATION OF A CORN SILAGE BASED DIET DEFICIENT IN RUMEN UNDEGRAD ABLE PROTEIN FED TO LACTATING HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS by Carly Crawford University o f New Hampshire, September, 2006 Thirty multiparous early lactation Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design to determine whether the addition o f VERTAN (a specific blend of essential oils, major components: thymol, eugenol, vanillin and limonene) to com silage based diet would increase alter protein metabolism in the rumen and increase milk yield and alter milk composition. Dietary treatments were 0 (control) and 0.08% VERTAN in diet DM. The pretreatment diet (fed 0 to 20 DIM) contained (DM basis) 32.1% com silage, 14% grass silage, 7.7% alfalfa hay, 0.53% grass hay, 19.4% finelyground com, 1.8% beet pulp, 1.8% citrus pulp, 3.6% soybean hulls, 2.1% ProvAAl EliteTM, 0.38% molasses, 10.5% soybean meal, 0.34% urea, 1.9% MegalacTM, and 3.54% vitamin premix. The experimental control diet (fed 21 to 105 DIM) contained (DM basis) 29.8% com silage, 14.9% grass silage, 7.2% alfalfa hay, 0.11% grass hay, 21.5% finely-ground com, 1.6% beet pulp, 1.6% citrus pulp, 4.3% soy hulls, 0.79% molasses, 11.9% soybean meal, 0.43% urea, 0.06% Smartamine MTM, 2.5% MegalacTM, and 3.4% vitamin premix. The diets were formulated to meet NRC (2001) requirements for energy
Abstrakte Arbeit und Anerkennung

Recent studies in Marx’s theory of value unanimously emphasize that abstract labour is a social quality of the products of labour. However, the meaning of social remains quite ambiguous. In this article, I would like to show that Marx, too, already thought of diff erent matters when he underscored the social foundation of the substance of value: (i) its connection to the socially necessary labour time, (ii) its connection to social needs, and (iii) the historicality of the commodity­producing society. I think we ought to take Marx’s argument a step further. His theory of value would be more persuasive still if the aforementioned meanings of social were complemented by yet another one: (iv) social recognition. Concludingly, I shall discuss if or to what extent this proposition might be substantiated by refl ections on recognition in Marx’s Capital itself. 82 Abstrakte Arbeit und Anerkennung
1 Generation Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Plant Cell : An Overview

During the course of evolution, life on the Earth started in a reducing environment and about 3.2 billion years ago, the reducing environment changed to an oxidizing one due to the appearance and proliferation of the first oxygen‐evolving photosynthetic organisms, that is, cyanobacteria (Schopf et al., 2007). In other words, the cyanobacteria are considered to be the first organisms to release oxygen in the environment by means of an oxygen evolving complex (OEC) (Bekker et al., 2004). The outermost orbital of the dioxygen (O2) molecule has two unpaired electrons having same spin quantum number, and this enables O2 to accept electrons one at a time efficiently, and generate the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Out of the total O2 utilized by plants, 1% is diverted to produce ROS in various cell organelles (del Rio et al., 2002). Reactive oxygen species are essential by‐products of all aerobic organisms that are produced during normal metabolic processes as well as under stress conditions. The ROS‐producing subcellular organelles are mainly mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, cytosol, and plasma membrane (Corpas et al., 2015; Hasan et al., 2016) (Figure 1.1). The roles of ROS are contradictory, they may have negative as well as positive roles depending upon their concentrations in the particular cell organelles. At higher concentrations, ROS cause damaging effects on proteins, DNA/RNA, and lipids by oxidative modification in plant cells (Gill and Tuteja, 2010; Hasan et al., 2016). On the other hand, previous evidence clearly showed that at lower concentrations ROS act as signaling molecules in plants for regulating developmental pathways and control of redox homeostasis and defense responses against pathogens and environmental stress (Wood et al., 2003; Apel and Hirt, 2004). There are well‐described mechanisms in prokaryotes where the concentration of ROS directly activates transcription factors that overexpress the genes to combat oxidative stress (Kiley and Storz, 2004). There are several ROS, such as superoxide radical (O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), alkoxy radical (RO·), peroxy radical (ROO·), singlet oxygen (O2), and excited carbonyl (RO*), all of which are cytotoxic to plants at elevated concentrations (Dismukes et al., 2001; Karuppanapandian et al., 2011). In the cell organelles accumulation of superoxide enhances oxidative stress rather than playing a role in redox signaling. However, in some cases it damages certain proteins that activate specific signaling pathways 1
Work-Life Balance among Teaching Hospital Nurses in Malaysia

Extreme workload and poor working environment have a negative impact on the emotional and physical statuses among nurses. The study has contributed to evaluate work-life balance and its related factors among teaching hospital nurses. It was aimed to examine the work-life balance and its related factors among teaching hospital nurses. A cross-sectional study using a universal sampling technique was conducted. 1002 nurses were included from the Teaching hospital of Klang Valley, Malaysia. The instrument was adapted from NIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire and QoL questionnaire from WHO, and it was used to measure the quality of work-life balance. Non-work activities, job requirement, supervisor support, job satisfaction, manageability, social and environmental variables have independently influenced work-life balance among nurses. Furthermore, quality of life variables has positively influenced the work-life balance (P<0.050). Work life balance and organizational commitment can have a positive relationship. Whereas, Nurses working in fixed shifts were observed with greater work-life balance as compared to the nurses working in multiple shifts. A friendly environment in the professional sector plays a major role for developing motivation and enthusiasm among workers.
Comparison of Two Methods to Identify Major Personality Factors

Both Howarth and Comrey have developed taxon omies of personality traits and inventories to measure them. The Howarth Personality Questionnaire and Ad ditional Personality Factor inventories include 20 fac tors, whereas the Comrey Personality Scales (CPS) taxonomy includes eight factors. Howarth identified his factors through factor analysis of items, whereas Comrey identified his primary level factors through factor analysis of conceptually distinct clusters of ho mogeneous items, called Factored Homogeneous Item Dimensions (FHIDs), while avoiding the inclusion of highly redundant variables in the same analysis. Data for all three inventories were collected from the same subjects and factor analyzed. The Howarth factor scales were narrower in content and more highly over lapping than the CPS factor scales. Most of the Ho warth factor scales were good marker variables for the CPS primary factors. Five CPS factors had major loadings for more than one of the Howarth factor scales. The CPS Emotional Stability vs. Neuroticism (S) primary level factor was split into several lower level factors in the Howarth system. Factor analysis of items is recommended to identify FHIDs. Factor anal ysis of FHIDs, in which no two FHIDs are merely al ternate forms of the same conceptual variable, is rec ommended to identify the major primary factors of personality.
Effects of population level aggregation, autocorrelation,and interspecific association on the speciestimerelationship in two desert communities

Question: Can population-level patterns be used to model the species–time relationship? Which non-random patterns in population time-series are necessary for modelling the species–time relationship? Statistical modelling methods: The presence of aggregation, autocorrelation, and interspecific association was determined using Morisita’s IM, Moran’s I, and Ive’s C respectively. Models for the species–time relationship were constructed from these sub-patterns using a combination of analytical models and randomization methods. Data studied: Observational time-series of rodents and annual plants in the Chihuahuan Desert. Conclusions: Aggregation was observed in the majority of population time-series. Most rodent species, but fewer than 10% of plant species, exhibited significant temporal autocorrelation in abundance. Models that included temporal autocorrelation as well as aggregation provided the best fit to the species–time relationship. The species–time relationship is intimately connected to the population dynamics of individual species. Models that attempt to connect the apparently general behaviour of the species–time relationship to the complex dynamics of populations are important for understanding the dynamics of ecological communities.
MEDICAL LIABILITY: DO DOCTORS CARE?

SUMMARY To study the preventive effects of medical malpract ice law one needs variation in malpractice pressure, across time or space. Since t he 1970’s US states have enacted a variety of reforms in their tort systems. This vari ation has provided highly useful data to study preventive effects. The empirical evidence shows that medical malpractice risk affects the behavior of health care providers. It has a negative impact on the supply of services, and it does seem to encourage the ordering of extra diagnostic tests. But the empirical evidence also shows that defensive medicine does not have a clear -cut effect on health. If the additional tests and procedures have any value, it is only a m arginal one. It has further been found that changes in the supply of services do not affec t health adversely. This suggests that the physicians that are driven out of business have a below average quality of performance. At the margin, medical liability law m ay have some social benefits after all. These benefits must be weighed against the costs. Tentative calculations suggest that the benefits of even a modest reduction in injury r ates suffice to offset reasonable estimates of overhead and defensive medicine costs.
Cremona symmetry in Gromov-Witten theory

We establish the existence of a symmetry within the Gromov-Witten theory of $\mathbb{CP}^n$ and its blowup along points. The nature of this symmetry is encoded in the Cremona transform and its resolution, which lives on the toric variety of the permutohedron. This symmetry expresses some difficult to compute invariants in terms of others less difficult to compute. We focus on enumerative implications; in particular this technique yields a one line proof of the uniqueness of the rational normal curve. Our method involves a study of the toric geometry of the permutohedron, and degeneration of Gromov-Witten invariants.
Reinforcement Learning with Multiple Experts: A Bayesian Model Combination Approach

Potential based reward shaping is a powerful technique for accelerating convergence of reinforcement learning algorithms. Typically, such information includes an estimate of the optimal value function and is often provided by a human expert or other sources of domain knowledge. However, this information is often biased or inaccurate and can mislead many reinforcement learning algorithms. In this paper, we apply Bayesian Model Combination with multiple experts in a way that learns to trust a good combination of experts as training progresses. This approach is both computationally efficient and general, and is shown numerically to improve convergence across discrete and continuous domains and different reinforcement learning algorithms.