Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calculation of the Compton Profile of Beryllium

Starting from a pseudopotential calculation for h.c. p. beryllium the Compton profiles are calculated for the directions 〈101〉, 〈102〉, 〈111〉, and 〈112〉. The profiles for 〈001〉, 〈100〉, and 〈110〉 are improved by detailed considerations on the orthogonalization corrections. A strong anisotropy is found for I〈001〉 — I〈102〉 and I〈001〉 — I〈112〉, respectively. The contribution from the correlation tail in the momentum distribution is estimated. It must be included, if the calculated profiles are compared with high resolution measurements. Ausgehend von einer Pseudopotentialrechnung fur h.d. p.-Beryllium werden die Comptonprofile fur die Richtungen 〈101〉, 〈102〉, 〈111〉 und 〈112〉 berechnet. Die Ergebnisse fur 〈001〉, 〈100〉 und 〈110〉 werden durch weitgehende Einbeziehung der Orthogonalitatskorrekturen verbessert. Es wird eine bemerkenswert grose Anisotropie fur I〈001〉 — I〈102〉 bzw. I〈001〉 — I〈112〉 gefunden. Der Beitrag des Korrelationsschwanzes in der Impulsverteilung wird abgeschatzt. Beim Vergleich mit Messungen hoher Auflosung mus die Korrelation berucksichtigt werden.
Investigation of high-quality ultra-thin LaAlO3 films as high-k gate dielectrics

We have studied the formation of a high-quality LaAlO3 (LAO) film directly on silicon substrates by the pulsed laser deposition method as a novel high-k gate dielectric. The LAO films can remain amorphous at temperatures up to 850°C. An atomic force microscopy study indicated a very smooth surface of the deposited films with a rms of 0.14 nm for an 8 nm LAO film. The structures and electrical properties of metal–dielectric–semiconductor (Pt/LAO/Si) capacitors were investigated with LAO films deposited under different ambient conditions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy indicated that interfacial reactions often occur for films of LAO deposited under oxygen ambient. A small effective oxide thickness of 1.2 nm was obtained for those films deposited under 20 Pa nitrogen ambient, with the corresponding leakage current density 17.1 mA cm−2 at +1 V gate voltage. It is proposed that amorphous LAO films are a novel promising alternative high-k gate dielectric material in future ultra-large scale integrated devices.
Fractures of the Eumeralla Formation, Otway Ranges, Australia: timing and generation of fluid flow

Over 261 naturally occurring fractures were recorded from 10 field locations in the Otway Ranges, Victoria, Australia. Fractures were sampled from the upper Jurassic – lower Cretaceous Eumeralla Formation, a volcanogenic sandstone. Eight Fracture Sets were recorded with defined orientations. Twenty-seven fracture samples from across the Otway Ranges were thin sectioned and analysed using an optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Host rock and fracture petrography were determined, including identification of host rock and fracture cement mineral compositions, along with fracture specific textures, such as calcite twinning, crack-seal textures, cataclastic deformation and cross-cutting cements. Siderite cements are observed to be present in all fracture sets and imply the presence of fluid flow during all periods of deformation, from lower Cretaceous extension to NW – SE Miocene compression. The addition of calcite cements in Fracture Sets One, Fracture Set Two, Fracture Set Four, Fracture Set Five and Fracture Set Seven indicate two periods of enhanced calcite and siderite fluid flow predominantly during times of NW SE compression in the mid-Cretaceous and Miocene.
Deep Multi-task Learning for Depression Detection and Prediction in Longitudinal Data

Depression is among the most prevalent mental disorders, affecting millions of people of all ages globally. Machine learning techniques have shown effective in enabling automated detection and prediction of depression for early intervention and treatment. However, they are challenged by the relative scarcity of instances of depression in the data. In this work we introduce a novel deep multi-task recurrent neural network to tackle this challenge, in which depression classification is jointly optimized with two auxiliary tasks, namely one-class metric learning and anomaly ranking. The auxiliary tasks introduce an inductive bias that improves the classification model's generalizability on small depression samples. Further, unlike existing studies that focus on learning depression signs from static data without considering temporal dynamics, we focus on longitudinal data because i) temporal changes in personal development and family environment can provide critical cues for psychiatric disorders and ii) it may enable us to predict depression before the illness actually occurs. Extensive experimental results on child depression data show that our model is able to i) achieve nearly perfect performance in depression detection and ii) accurately predict depression 2-4 years before the clinical diagnosis, substantially outperforming seven competing methods.
Growth and characterization of ferroelectric BaMgF4 films

Experimental data are presented that confirm ferroelectric thin films of BaMgF4 can be grown by ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) sublimation on semiconductor and metallized substrates at temperatures below 500 °C. Hysteresis properties of the films are shown to be qualitatively consistent with those measured on thinned single‐crystal samples cut perpendicular to the ferroelectric (orthorhombic) a axis. Loops from weakly oriented films on Si(100) display a Pr/Ps ratio of approximately 0.84, with Ps =1.6 μC/cm2 and EC =150 kV/cm. These values are explained on the basis of the film orientation and the measured properties for the bulk crystals. Metal–insulator–semiconductor structures formed with fluoride layers grown on lightly doped Si substrates yielded C–V switching properties indicating their suitability for use in high‐performance ferroelectric field‐effect transistor memory structures. In particular, switching attributable to polarization charge reversal inside the ferroelectric layer, rather than by tunnel inje.
Variables asociadas al fracaso de los implantes colocados y rehabilitados en la universidad Santo Tomás Floridablanca entre los años 2006 y 2012

Introduccion: el concepto " oseointegracion ", como la fijacion directa del implante con el hueso circundante parece ser la caracteristica mas importante para afirmar el reporte a largo plazo del exito clinico de los implantes dentales. sin embargo, a pesar de la alta tasa de exito, se ha informado del fracaso de los implante. Objetivo: Identificar las variables relacionadas al fracaso en implantes colocados y rehabilitados en la Universidad Santo Tomas de Floridablanca entre los anos 2006 y 2012. Materiales y metodo: se seleccionaron 150 historias clinicas de pacientes atendidos en el postgrado de rehabilitacion oral de la Universidad Santo Tomas correspondiente a este periodo de tiempo (anos 2006 hasta el 2012)entre los cuales se les realizo tratamiento con implantes dentales, teniendo en cuenta la informacion consignada referente al protocolo quirurgico y tratamiento protesico empleado durante el diseno y confeccion de la rehabilitacion establecida para el mejoramiento de la funcionalidad y estetica de cada paciente. Resultados. Entre la muestra de estudio se reportaron haber colocado y rehabilitado 345 implantes de los cuales 32 (11.1%) fracasaron durante el periodo de oseointegracion logrando rehabilitar 313 implantes dentales. Conclusion: Es de gran relevancia la indicacion clinica durante la planeacion quirurgica con el fin de seleccionar el implante con la configuracion adecuada para el caso determinado. Considerandose la longitud y el diametro del implante como el factor mas critico, acompanada de la planificacion protesica, su ubicacion anatomica y su comportamiento biomecanico con el fin de asegurar el exito del procedimiento.
Chemistry at graphene edges in the electron microscope

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) are indispensable tools for materials characterization. However, during a typical (S)TEM experiment, the sample is subject to a number of effects that can change its atomic structure. Of these, perhaps the least discussed are chemical modifications due to the non-ideal vacuum around the sample. With single-layer graphene, we show that even at relatively low pressures typical for many instruments, these processes can have a significant impact on the sample structure. For example, pore growth becomes up to two orders of magnitude faster at a pressure of ca. 10−6 mbar as compared to ultra-high vacuum (UHV; 10−10 mbar). Even more remarkably, the presence of oxygen at the sample also changes the observed atomic structure: When imaged in UHV, nearly 90% of the identifiable graphene edge configurations have the armchair structure, whereas armchair and zigzag structures are nearly equally likely to occur when the oxygen partial pressure in the column is higher. Our results both bring attention to the role of the often neglected vacuum composition of the microscope column, and show that control over it can allow atomic-scale tailoring of the specimen structure.
Real-Time Control of Wastewater Treatment Systems Using ORP

Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) can be used as a process control parameter for real-time automated control of batch sewage treatment systems. Results suggest that ORP has great potential for the control of anoxic sequences, since the distinct breakpoint in the ORP-time curve correlates to the disappearance of nitrates.
A General Approach for Estimating Framework Charges in Metal−Organic Frameworks

Although the number of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) is nearly infinite, the atom types included are quite limited. On the basis of this thought, this work provides a strategy for estimating framework charges in MOFs. We developed a so-called connectivity-based atom contribution method (CBAC), in which it is assumed that the atoms with same bonding connectivity have identical charges in different MOFs. The results for 43 MOFs including a training set of 30 MOFs and a test set of 13 MOFs show that the CBAC charges give nearly identical results to those from quantum mechanical calculations for adsorption isotherms of CO2, CO, and N2 in them. Since the method will readily include new atom types, it is applicable to any MOF as long as its structure is known. The strategy, which is applicable to other porous materials, paves a way for large-scale computational screening of MOFs for specific applications as well as contributes to a better understanding of the structure−property relationships for MOFs and even.
H-FND: Hierarchical False-Negative Denoising for Distant Supervision Relation Extraction

Although distant supervision automatically generates training data for relation extraction, it also introduces false-positive (FP) and false-negative (FN) training instances to the generated datasets. Whereas both types of errors degrade the final model performance, previous work on distant supervision denoising focuses more on suppressing FP noise and less on resolving the FN problem. We here propose H-FND, a hierarchical false-negative denoising framework for robust distant supervision relation extraction, as an FN denoising solution. H-FND uses a hierarchical policy which first determines whether non-relation (NA) instances should be kept, discarded, or revised during the training process. For those learning instances which are to be revised, the policy further reassigns them appropriate relations, making them better training inputs. Experiments on SemEval-2010 and TACRED were conducted with controlled FN ratios that randomly turn the relations of training and validation instances into negatives to generate FN instances. In this setting, H-FND can revise FN instances correctly and maintains high F1 scores even when 50% of the instances have been turned into negatives. Experiment on NYT10 is further conducted to shows that H-FND is applicable in a realistic setting.
Australia’s marine resources in a warm, acid ocean ove hoegh-guldberg, elvira poloczanska and anthony richardson

One of the distinguishing features of our planet is the presence of an ocean that covers 71 per cent of its surface. This vast ocean nurtured life’s beginnings and continues to support the biosphere and ultimately humanity. Approximately a quarter of the world’s population lives along coastlines where people extract food, building materials, energy, cultural signicance and income (Seto and Shepherd, 2009). Oceans are also important in connecting and transporting people and materials over great distances through coastal and ocean-going shipping. In the current period of rapid global change, oceans play a critical role by absorbing around 30 per cent of the carbon dioxide from anthropogenic sources and over 90 per cent of the heat generated by the associated enhanced greenhouse effect (IPCC, 2007). Without the ocean, climate change would be far more severe than it is today. Australia is a maritime country with sovereign rights over an ocean territory that covers 16 million km - almost twice the size of its land area. This ocean area supports industries which are extremely valuable to Australia and yield economic wealth estimated as $A42 billion per annum while the ecosystem services provided by Australia’s oceans may yield a further $25 billion per annum (AIMS, 2012). Recreational shing (supported by over $A3.3 billion in boat purchases alone), surng (for instance, worth $A126-233 million per annum merely along Queensland’s Gold Coast) and Great Barrier Reef tourism (which generates over $A6 billion per annum) are a few examples of the direct benets that marine resources provide to the Australian economy (Poloczanska et al., 2007). In addition to the direct nancial benets to the Australian economy, our marine ecosystems also provide a wide array of other values, including social and lifestyle benets, and indirect yet critically important services such as coastal protection, shoreline stabilization, greenhouse gas regulation, nutrient recycling and the maintenance of water quality (Poloczanska et al., 2007, Martinez et al., 2007). Marine resources play an important role regionally. Many countries in the Asia and the Indo-Pacic region have large populations that reside along their coasts (Martinez et al., 2007). For instance, over 60 per cent of Indonesia’s population lives along its 95,181 km of coastline (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2009), a proportion which increases to around 95 per cent for the island countries of the Indo-Pacic (CIA, 2010). Marine resources, consequently, are central to the well-being and food security of people throughout South-East Asia and the Indo-Pacic region. Risks posed by climate change to the economies, livelihoods and security of the region will impact Australia, given Australia’s economic and development role in the South Pacic region.
Neutron scattering from molecular metallic compounds

﻿ The alkali metal graphite intercalates and the conducting polymers polyacetylene and polypyrrole are reviewed and compared. Polyacetylene was synthesized by Luttinger's method and doped by exposure to caesium vapour. The doped and undoped polyacetylene were characterized by neutron powder diffraction. Hydrogen absorption and subsequent pyrolysis of caesium doped polyacetylene were studied. Mass spectrum analysis of the gases evolved at 300°C showed methane and other alkanes, indicating H 2 addition to the polymer chain followed by methane elimination. The graphite intercalates C 8 Cs and C 24 Cs reacted irreversibly with acetylene, neutron powder diffraction indicating graphite and two new substances. Mass spectrum analysis of gases evolved on heating showed ethylene, butene and butadiene, suggesting a polymerization. Polypyrrole was synthesized electrochemically and characterized by cyclic voltammetry. Gram quantities of polypyrrole doped with BF - 4 and C10 - 4 were prepared electrochemically under high vacuum conditions to achieve high purity and avoid oxygen doping. Perchlorate doped polypyrrole prepared in an oxygen-free environment proved dangerously unstable, especially when dry. The neutron scattering law for a harmonic oscillator and the energy level splitting pattern of a 1-D rotor in a cos3θ hindering potential are reviewed and applied to solid acetonitrile. Intense lines in the neutron spectrum at 140 and 190 cm -1 are assigned to methyl group torsions with barriers to rotation of 400 and 734 cm -1 . Hydrogen is reversibly physisorbed by intercalates C 24 K, C 24 Rb and C 24 Cs at 100K to form compounds C 24 M(H 2 ) 2 . Neutron spectra of H 2 , HD and D 2 physisorbed by C 24 Rb and C 24 Cs at energy transfers between 0.3-3 meV and 10-200 meV (1 meV = 8.065 cm -1 ) were measured and assigned to rotational tunnelling and librations of hydrogen molecules in two sites of different dimensions. The cos2θ barriers to rotation were 57 and 78 meV respectively in C 24 Rb(H 2 ) x and 51 and 78 meV in C 24 Cs(H 2 ) x . A structural model is proposed for the metal layers with the hydrogen molecules in the layers and perpendicularly oriented.
Guitar Effects Recognition and Parameter Estimation with Convolutional Neural Networks

Despite the popularity of guitar effects, there is very little existing research on classification and parameter estimation of specific plugins or effect units from guitar recordings. In this paper, convolutional neural networks were used for classification and parameter estimation for 13 overdrive, distortion and fuzz guitar effects. A novel dataset of processed electric guitar samples was assembled, with four sub-datasets consisting of monophonic or polyphonic samples and discrete or continuous settings values, for a total of about 250 hours of processed samples. Results were compared for networks trained and tested on the same or on a different sub-dataset. We found that discrete datasets could lead to equally high performance as continuous ones, whilst being easier to design, analyse and modify. Classification accuracy was above 80\%, with confusion matrices reflecting similarities in the effects timbre and circuits design. With parameter values between 0.0 and 1.0, the mean absolute error is in most cases below 0.05, while the root mean square error is below 0.1 in all cases but one.
Characterization of electroplated copper films for three-dimensional advanced packaging

A study was carried out to determine the feasibility of using the Cu electroplating process to achieve good gap fill in interchip-via (ICV) wafers, focusing on the effect different current wave forms have on electroplated Cu film properties, the gap fill capability and the chemical mechanical planarization process. It was found that the roughness of direct current (dc)-plated Cu films is at least three times lower than that of pulse-plated films and the roughness of the latter was observed to be strongly dependent on the magnitude of forward (If) and reverse (Ir) currents. This produced a significant difference in reflectivity between the two types of films. The as-deposited dc- and pulse-plated Cu films were also found to have specific resistivities of ∼2.2 and ∼2.1 μΩ cm, respectively. They were reduced to a similar value of 1.77 μΩ cm after annealing at 200 °C. All the dc and higher If pulse-plating processes produced Cu films having an average polish rate of 7000 A/min with the polish rate U% less than 3%, showing a fluctuating profile across the wafer. The higher Ir pulse-plated film showed a very low polish rate of 210 A/min with the polish rate U% at 58%, resulting in a dome profile. The multistep dc plating process was found unsuitable for the filling of large vias in the ICV wafers as it resulted in conformal plating with a large center seam being seen due to the pinch-off effect at the top of the via. The pulse-plating process showed a significant improvement in the gap fill capability with a reduction in the size of the center void. The pinch-off effect was also greatly reduced when higher Ir was used and an increase in bottom coverage could also be seen, resulting in acceptable gap fill with only a small center void in the ICV wafers.A study was carried out to determine the feasibility of using the Cu electroplating process to achieve good gap fill in interchip-via (ICV) wafers, focusing on the effect different current wave forms have on electroplated Cu film properties, the gap fill capability and the chemical mechanical planarization process. It was found that the roughness of direct current (dc)-plated Cu films is at least three times lower than that of pulse-plated films and the roughness of the latter was observed to be strongly dependent on the magnitude of forward (If) and reverse (Ir) currents. This produced a significant difference in reflectivity between the two types of films. The as-deposited dc- and pulse-plated Cu films were also found to have specific resistivities of ∼2.2 and ∼2.1 μΩ cm, respectively. They were reduced to a similar value of 1.77 μΩ cm after annealing at 200 °C. All the dc and higher If pulse-plating processes produced Cu films having an average polish rate of 7000 A/min with the polish rate U% less tha.
Multi-agent Policy Optimization with Approximatively Synchronous Advantage Estimation

Cooperative multi-agent tasks require agents to deduce their own contributions with shared global rewards, known as the challenge of credit assignment. General methods for policy based multi-agent reinforcement learning to solve the challenge introduce differentiate value functions or advantage functions for individual agents. In multi-agent system, polices of different agents need to be evaluated jointly. In order to update polices synchronously, such value functions or advantage functions also need synchronous evaluation. However, in current methods, value functions or advantage functions use counter-factual joint actions which are evaluated asynchronously, thus suffer from natural estimation bias. In this work, we propose the approximatively synchronous advantage estimation. We first derive the marginal advantage function, an expansion from single-agent advantage function to multi-agent system. Further more, we introduce a policy approximation for synchronous advantage estimation, and break down the multi-agent policy optimization problem into multiple sub-problems of single-agent policy optimization. Our method is compared with baseline algorithms on StarCraft multi-agent challenges, and shows the best performance on most of the tasks.
Influence of Different Volume Percent Hydrogen/Natural Gas Mixtures on Idle Performance of a CNG Engine

In order to study the influence of the 0−50 vol % hydrogen addition on idle performance, an experimental research was conducted on a six-cylinder throttle body injection natural gas engine. Experiments have been made under various excess air ratios and ignition timings. The results show that hydrogen addition remarkably decreased CH4 emission whereas it had no significant effect on the reduction of CO. NOx emission was relatively low at idle compared to other emissions. Hydrogen addition combined with ignition timing retardation was an effective way to reduce idle emission. The COV in IMEP and partial-burn ratio could be simultaneously reduced by hydrogen addition, which indicated the improvement of idle stability. In turn, the improvement of idle stability decreased the fuel consumption. Also, the curve for COV in IMEP was smoother versus ignition timing after hydrogen addition, which is desirable at idle because small idle speed error was adjusted by ignition timing in many electric idle control units.