Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Vocabulary Development in Protege / OWL : Workflow and Concept History Requirements

The National Cancer Institute has developed the NCI Thesaurus, a biomedical vocabulary that provides consistent, unambiguous codes and definitions for concepts used in cancer research. It currently has about 34,000 concepts, in 20 hierarchies. A lexical component provides human usable definition and other information. Description logic is used to ensure complete, consistent and non-redundant definitions in the formal sense. NCI Thesaurus enables retrieval of information across a wide range of domains related to cancer research, with one goal being facilitating translational research. This vocabulary was originally built using Ontylog, a description logic developed explicitly for building large complex terminologies by Apelon, and implemented in the Apelon Terminology Development Environment (TDE). We have converted the Ontylog version of NCI Thesaurus to OWL, and are beginning to test the features of Protege OWL in a multi-user environment with a database backend to determine whether it could be used to support the operational needs of NCI Thesaurus development and maintenance.
Chenoalbicin, a Novel Cinnamic Acid Amide Alkaloid from Chenopodium album

The roots of Chenopodium album were infused in MeOH, and the extract was partitioned between AcOEt and H2O. AcOEt‐Soluble material was subjected to different silica‐gel column chromatographies and then purified by reverse‐phase HPLC to afford a new cinnamic acid amide alkaloid as a racemic mixture. The new compound, named chenoalbicin (1), was characterized by extensive spectroscopic investigation, especially 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Its effects on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa L. has been studied. The results are reported as percentage differences of germination, root elongation, and shoot elongation from the control at concentrations ranging from 10−4 to 10−7 M.
Serum Dioxin Levels in Residents Living in the Vicinity of Municipal Waste Incinerators in Taiwan

This study used data obtained from the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration to measure the dioxin exposure and the body burden for residents living in the vicinity of 19 municipal waste incinerators (MWIs). A survey was conducted in 1999–2003 for the residents. Approximately 16 ambient air samples and a 60-ml blood samples of 84 to 92 residents aged 18–65 yr were collected randomly in four zones (A, B, C, D) for each MWI site based on the atmospheric dispersion model (ADM). Zone A was defined with the highest pollution level, followed by zones B and C, and zone D (background level). Congeners of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined for each sample. We summarized the PCDD/Fs levels in air samples and serum specimens by zone for these 19 sites. The mean ambient levels of PCDD/Fs fitted the ADM, the highest from zone A and the lowest from zone D (2.74 vs. 0.13 pg I-TEQ/Nm3). However, the mean serum concentration in zones A was not distinct from that in zones D (18.7 vs. 19.0 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid). The age-specific average serum concentration increased from 13.27 pg WHO-TEQ/g in 18- to 25-yr-old subjects to 23.46 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid in 56- to 65-yr-old subjects. In conclusion, the serum PCDD/Fs levels among residents did not adhere to the dispersion model for incineration emissions. The dose-response of serum PCDD/Fs by age suggests that the body burden of the chemicals is mainly associated with other sources instead of with inhalation.
A Multiple Motion Model Tracker Handling Occlusion and Rapid Motion Variation

We propose a new tracking method capable of handling occlusions and non-constant target motion. This is achieved using multiple simple motion models, learned at different temporal scales and combined to capture possibly complex motion patterns. These motion models are learned online in a computationally inexpensive manner. Reliable recovery of tracking after occlusions is achieved by extending the bootstrap particle filter to propagate particles at multiple temporal scales, guided by the simple models. In complex environments targets can display changes in direction or speed unaccounted for by standard polynomial motion models. To demonstrate the generality of our framework and accommodate these changes, the proposed method is also applied to a more flexible, two-stage motion model. Extensive experiments have been carried out on both publicly available benchmarks and new video sequences. Results reveal that the proposed method successfully handles occlusions and a variety of rapid changes in target motion.
Neuropsychological and quantitative oculometric study of a case of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease at predementia stage

A quantitative assessment of eye movements and a detailed neuropsychological profile were conducted at predementia stage in a patient who later had histological confirmation of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). The patient was a middle aged man who presented with abnormal eye movements and poor balance. Neuropsychological deficits suggested orbito-mesial dysfunction, resembling progressive supranuclear palsy. Oculometry showed accurate but dramatically slowed saccades, with normal pursuit movements. Neuropsychology and quantitative oculometry may be of value in the differential diagnosis and earlier detection of dementia-akinetic-rigid syndromes; in particular, because of the highly stereotyped nature of saccades, routine quantitative oculometry can reveal significant impairment at a very early stage in some cases and could thus facilitate earlier diagnosis.
Speaking a more consistent language when discussing severe depression: a calibration study of 3 self-report measures of depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE We recently found marked disparities between 3 self-report scales that assess the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder in the percentage of depressed outpatients considered to have severe depression. The goal of the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project was to calibrate the measures against a clinician-rated criterion standard and to establish a cutoff point on each scale that identifies a similar prevalence of severe depression and increases the level of agreement between the scales in identifying severe depression. METHOD 353 depressed outpatients (DSM-IV) completed the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and Patient Health Questionnaire from June 2010 to January 2013. The patients were also rated on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The goal of the analyses was to identify the cutoff point on each of the self-report scales that would identify a prevalence of severe depression similar to that identified by the HDRS (defined as a score of 25 and above). RESULTS On the basis of the scale developers' recommended cutoffs, the prevalence of severe depression varied greatly (range, 15.3%-67.4%), and the level of agreement between the pairs of scales was low. After calibration, the self-report scales identified a similar percentage of patients as severely depressed (range, 22.2%-26.5%), and the level of agreement between the scales in identifying severe depression increased. DISCUSSION If clinicians are to follow treatment guidelines' recommendations to base initial treatment selection, in part, on depression severity, then it is important to have a consistent method of determining depression severity. The present calibration study of 3 self-report depression questionnaires identified cutoff scores that resulted in similar prevalence rates of severe depression and increased the level of agreement between the scales.
UNPALATABILITY AS A DEFENSE STRATEGY OF WESTERN CHECKERSPOT BUTTERFLIES (EUPHYDRYAS SCUDDER, NYMPHALIDAE)

ences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Butterflies of the genus Euphydryas utilize unpalatability as a defense strategy to deter predation. In particular, an investigation of Euphydryas phaeton (Drury) (Nymphalidae), the only eastern representative of the genus, revealed that when fed as larvae on the primary hostplant, Chelone glabra L. (Scrophulariaceae), the adult butterflies (as well as larvae and pupae) were unpalatable and emetic to birds. If the post-diapause larvae are fed on an alternate hostplant, Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae), the butterflies are relatively palatable, and non-emetic (Bowers, 1980). Four of the five western species of Euphydryas (E. editha, E. chalcedona, E. anicia, and E. colon) utilize primarily scrophulariaceous foodplants (Ehrlich et al., 1975; Howe, 1975), although none in the genus Chelone, which does not occur in the west (Pennell, 1935). Euphydryas chalcedona will apparently accept C. glabra in the laboratory (Edwards, 1884). The foodplants of these western species are not confined to the Scrophulariaceae however, but are also scattered in the Plantaginaceae and Caprifoliaceae (Singer, 1971; Ehrlich, et al., 1975; Howe, 1975). Furthermore, within each of these species, patterns of foodplant utilization are extremely variable; different populations may use different hostplants or different ranges of hostplants, and the hostplant(s) utilized may change over the course of a season depending on what is available (Singer, 1971, 1972; Ehrlich et Evolution, 35(2), 1981, pp. 367-375
Estimating Intraclass Correlation for Binary Data

Summary. This paper reviews many different estimators of intraclass correlation that have been proposed for binary data and compares them in an extensive simulation study. Some of the estimators are very specific, while others result from general methods such as pseudo‐likelihood and extended quasi‐likelihood estimation. The simulation study identifies several useful estimators, one of which does not seem to have been considered previously for binary data. Estimators based on extended quasi‐likelihood are found to have a substantial bias in some circumstances.
A comparative study between the MCSA, DWT and the vibration analysis methods to diagnose the dynamic eccentricity fault in induction motors

This paper presents three interesting methods that are widely used in the diagnosis of electrical machines. Today, many researchers use a technique to detect the faults which may cause the induction machines. The choice of one method over the other is essentially depends on its effectiveness, ease of use and speed. Early detection of faults is a valuable advantage. Our new study is to investigate the efficiency of each method under a dynamic eccentricity fault (DE) in order to detect the characteristic signatures. Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) method is widely used in the diagnosis; it based on analyzing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the stator current. Another method which is opens the door to analyze signals in simultaneous time-frequency. It is called the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) which has the ability to allow for studying transient phenomena and non-stationary signals. We will calculate and analyze a particular frequency band of the stator current by DWT coefficients. Our study also treats the details and approximates by Daubechies order. We will present an important indicator of this technique; it's the energy of some details. The last technique is the vibration analysis that is widely used now in industry to detect the faults in electrical machines. The vibration is the result of several causes such as mechanical or electromagnetic. The general objective of the vibration analysis is to analyze the signals to study the content. In this study, we will compare between three methods currently used by exploiting the experimental results to analyze the induction machines faults. The efficiency of each technique was discussed in order to reach a wise decision.
Expression of Fgf receptors 1, 2, and 3 in the developing mid‐ and hindbrain of the mouse

Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) mediates the function of the midbrain–hindbrain organizer (MHO). FGF signals are transmitted by means of four known FGF receptors (FGFRs). Studies of Fgfr expression in early vertebrate development have shown that Fgfr1 is expressed along the entire neural tube, whereas Fgfr2 and Fgfr3 expression has been shown to spare the tissue adjacent to the MHO. The FGF8 signal from the MHO, therefore, was believed to be transmitted by FGFR1 exclusively. However, incongruent results from conditional mutants of Fgf8 and Fgfr1 in the midbrain–hindbrain (MHB) region contradict this hypothesis. Therefore, we reexamined the expression of the Fgfrs in this region. Fgfr1 is expressed all over the neural tube. Strikingly, Fgfr2 is expressed throughout the floor plate of the MHB region. In the basal plate, Fgfr2 directly abuts the Fgf8 expression domain at the MHO, anteriorly and posteriorly. Fgfr3 expression is in contact with the Fgf8 expression domain only in the rostroventral hindbrain. Based on these findings, we postulate a role for FGFR2 and FGFR3 in FGF signaling in the ventral midbrain and hindbrain. Developmental Dynamics 233:1023–1030, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing spatial deformation for virtual sculpting

The task of computer-based free-form shape design is fraught with practical and conceptual difficulties. Incorporating elements of traditional clay sculpting has long been recognised as a means of shielding a user from the complexities inherent in this form of modelling. The premise is to deform a mathematically-defined solid in a fashion that loosely simulates the physical moulding of an inelastic substance, such as modelling clay or silicone putty. Virtual sculpting combines this emulation of clay sculpting with interactive feedback. Spatial deformations are a class of powerful modelling techniques well suited to virtual sculpting. They indirectly reshape an object by warping the surrounding space. This is analogous to embedding a flexible shape within a lump of jelly and then causing distortions by flexing the jelly. The user controls spatial deformations by manipulating points, curves or a volumetric hyperpatch. Directly Manipulated Free-Form Deformation (DMFFD), in particular, merges the hyperpatchand point-based approaches and allows the user to pick and drag object points directly. This thesis embodies four enhancements to the versatility and validity of spatial deformation: 1. We enable users to specify deformations by manipulating the normal vector and tangent plane at a point. A first derivative frame can be tilted, twisted and scaled to cause a corresponding distortion in both the ambient space and inset object. This enhanced control is accomplished by extending previous work on bivariate surfaces to trivariate hyperpatches. 2. We extend DMFFD to enable curve manipulation by exploiting functional composition and degree reduction. Although the resulting curve-composed DMFFD introduces some modest and bounded approximation, it is superior to previous curve-based schemes in other respects. Our technique combines all three forms of spatial deformation (hyperpatch, point and curve), can maintain any desired degree of derivative continuity, is amenable to the automatic detection and prevention of self-intersection, and achieves interactive update rates over the entire deformation cycle. 3. The approximation quality of a polygon-mesh object frequently degrades under spatial deformation to become either oversaturated or undersaturated with polygons. We have devised an efficient adaptive mesh refinement and decimation scheme. Our novel contributions include: incorporating fully symmetrical decimation, reducing the computation cost of the refinement/decimation trigger, catering for boundary and crease edges, and dealing with sampling problems. 4. The potential self-intersection of an object is a serious weakness in spatial deformation. We have developed a variant of DMFFD which guards against self-intersection by subdividing manipulations into injective (one-to-one) mappings. This depends on three novel contributions: analytic conditions for identifying self-intersection, and two injectivity tests (one exact but computationally costly and the other approximate but efficient). i
Expression of homeo box genes during mouse development: a review.

The aim of this review is to summarize briefly w^hat is presently known about the spatial and temporal patterns of homeo box gene expression during mouse development. Since information about mouse homeo box genes is accumulating very rapidly, this review does not offer a complete compendium of facts about topics such as gene sequence and organization. Instead, we have tried to assemble rather fragmentary published and unpublished data about expression into a tentative framework which may provide some clues as to the function of these genes. To simplify our analysis, we have concentrated upon three different stages of mouse development; early presomite gastrula (7-7.75 days post coitum*), early somite neurula (8-8.5 days p.c), and a stage about twothirds through gestation (12.5 days p.c.) when most of the organ systems have been established but are still undergoing morphogenesis. Detailed accounts of the anatomy of these embryos and the overall process of mouse development can be found in Snell and Stevens (1966), Theiler (1972), Rugh (1968), and Hogan et al. (1985, 1986). The homeo box is a DNA sequence of about 180 bp, originally identified within the coding region of several Drosophila genes controlling embryonic development (for review, see Gehring 1987). It is generally accepted that the protein products of Drosophila homeo box genes act as sequence-specific DNA binding proteins, regulating gene expression. This suggestion is consistent with the nuclear localization of several Drosophila homeo box gene products (White and Wilcox 1984; Beachy et al. 1985; Carroll and Scott 1985; Di Nardo et al. 1985), with their reported in vitro DNA binding properties (Desplan et al. 1985), and with their predicted protein structure (Shepherd et al. 1984; Laughon et al. 1985). Drosophila homeo box genes constitute a rather variable gene family. DNA sequence comparisons, primarily of the homeo box region itself, indicate that classes of genes exist within which the genes share a more recent evolutionary origin than that shared by the homeo box gene family as a whole. The most extensive class, for which Antennapedia (Antp) is the prototype, contains several of the Drosophila homeotic genes (including Antp, Sex combs reduced, Deformed, and infraabdo-
Blunted Kaliuresis After an Acute Oral Potassium Load in Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT: It is unknown whether diabetic patients without renal failure or aldosterone deficiency respond normally to potassium administration. Acute oral potassium-loading was carried out in eight diabetic patients with modestly reduced creatinine clearance (Cer) and in 11 diabetic patients and 13 controls with normal clearances. Only one diabetic patient manifested an inappropriately low upright plasma aldosterone level (6 ng/dL). The percentage of potassium excreted in 4 hour by both groups of diabetic patients was significantly less than that of the controls (decreased Ccr:21% α 6%, normal Ccr:36% α 5%, controls:54% α 5%; p < 0.01 and 0.05 respectively). On the other hand, the estimated amount of potassium translocated intracellularly tended to be greater in the diabetic patients (18 α 3 mmol; 11 α 3 mmol) than controls (7 α 2 mmol; p < 0.005 and 0.1 respectively), and the ratio of the increase in plasma (K) to the amount of potassium retained, was lower in diabetic patients, probably indicating enhanced intracelular potassium translocation. The authors conclude that diabetic patients with normal or only slightly reduced renal function (and no aldosterone deficiency) may have a reduced capacity to excrete an acute potassium load but an enhanced capacity to transfer potassium intracellularly.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXI. Nomenclature and Classification of Adenosine Receptors—An Update

In the 10 years since our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors, no developments have led to major changes in the recommendations. However, there have been so many other developments that an update is needed. The fact that the structure of one of the adenosine receptors has recently been solved has already led to new ways of in silico screening of ligands. The evidence that adenosine receptors can form homo- and heteromultimers has accumulated, but the functional significance of such complexes remains unclear. The availability of mice with genetic modification of all the adenosine receptors has led to a clarification of the functional roles of adenosine, and to excellent means to study the specificity of drugs. There are also interesting associations between disease and structural variants in one or more of the adenosine receptors. Several new selective agonists and antagonists have become available. They provide improved possibilities for receptor classification. There are also developments hinting at the usefulness of allosteric modulators. Many drugs targeting adenosine receptors are in clinical trials, but the established therapeutic use is still very limited.
Prediction of Type I Diabetes in First-Degree Relatives Using a Combination of Insulin, GAD, and ICA512bdc/IA-2 Autoantibodies

Islet cell antibodies (ICAs) are predictive of type I diabetes in first-degree relatives, but this immunohistochemical assay has proven difficult to standardize. As an alternative, we assessed the use of radioassays for antibodies against three molecularly characterized islet autoantigens, including ICA512bdc (amino acid residues 256–979 of the IA-2 molecule, incorporating the intracellular domain). We measured insulin autoantibodies (IAAs), GAD autoantibodies (GAAs), and ICA512bdc autoantibodies (ICA512bdcAAs) by radioassay, in addition to ICAs, in 882 first-degree relatives of patients with type I diabetes, 50 of whom later developed diabetes with a median follow-up of 2.0 years (maximum 11.3 years). The cutoff for each radioassay was determined by testing >200 control subjects. When autoantibody frequencies among the relatives were analyzed according to relationship to the proband, the offspring of diabetic fathers had a higher frequency of ICA512bdcAAs (P = 0.008), IAAs (P = 0.0001) and GAAs (P = 0.0001) than the offspring of diabetic mothers. ICA512bdcAAs and IAAs both showed a significant association with HLA-DR4-DQ8 (P = 0.0005). Among relatives developing diabetes, 98% had one or more of IAAs, GAAs, or ICA512bdcAAs, and 80% had two or more of these autoantibodies, compared with none of the control subjects. Using survival analysis to allow for different lengths of follow-up, there was a significant increase in the risk of diabetes with the number of these autoantibodies present, comparing zero, one, two, and three autoantibodies (P < 0.0001, log-rank test), and by Cox regression analysis, this was independent of ICAs and age. For relatives with two or more of these autoantibodies, the risk of diabetes within 3 years was 39% (95% CI, 27–52) and the risk within 5 years was 68% (95% CI, 52–84). Relatives with all three autoantibodies had a risk within 5 years estimated to be 100%. The presence of low first-phase insulin release further increased the risk for relatives with one or two autoantibodies. We conclude that the presence of two or more autoantibodies (out of IAAs, GAAs, and ICA512bdcAAs) is highly predictive of the development of type I diabetes among relatives.