Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designation of the anterior/posterior axis in pregastrula Xenopus laevis.

A new fate map for mesodermal tissues in Xenopus laevis predicted that the prime meridian, which runs from the animal pole to the vegetal pole through the center of Spemann's organizer, is the embryo's anterior midline, not its dorsal midline (M. C. Lane and W. C. Smith, 1999, Development 126, 423-434). In this report, we demonstrate by lineage labeling that the column 1 blastomeres at st. 6, which populate the prime meridian, give rise to the anterior end of the embryo. In addition, we surgically isolate and culture tissue centered on this meridian from early gastrulae. This tissue forms a patterned head with morphologically distinct ventral and dorsal structures. In situ hybridization and immunostaining reveal that the cultured heads contain the anterior tissues of all three germ layers, correctly patterned. Regardless of how we dissect early gastrulae along meridians running from the animal to the vegetal pole, both the formation of head structures and the expression of anterior marker genes always segregate with the prime meridian passing through Spemann's organizer. The prime meridian also gives rise to dorsal, axial mesoderm, but not uniquely, as specification tests show that dorsal mesoderm arises in fragments of the embryo which exclude the prime meridian. These results support the hypothesis that the midline that bisects Spemann's organizer is the embryo's anterior midline.
Design of Low Phase Noise and Wide Tuning Range Voltage Controlled Oscillator for Modern Communication System

Voltage Controlled Oscillator is one of the most imperative blocks in the present communication system. It finds application in both wired as well as wireless communication as clock generator, frequency synthesizer and system synchronizer. The desirable characteristics of a VCO are high frequency, low phase noise, low power, low voltage and enhanced range of tuning. A three stage CMOS voltage controlled ring oscillator based on differential architecture and a LC tank voltage-controlled ring oscillator based on cross coupled architecture hasbeen designed by using 32nm and 90 nm technology respectively . The former VCO has a tuning range spanning from 733.718 MHz to 2.065 GHz with a phase noise of -79.4dBc/Hz while the latter possess better phase noise of -89.7dBc/Hz at the cost of reduced tuning range spanning from 4.5GHZ to 4.9GHZ only which is comparatively lesser than its counterpart.
Emotional Security With Teachers and Children's Stress Reactivity: A Comparison of Special-Education and Regular-Education Classrooms

Examined children's exposure and reactivity to negative peer and teacher events in special-education and regular-education classrooms. Participants were 40 children in regular classrooms and 20 children classified as seriously emotionally disturbed (SED) in special-education classrooms. Children completed 7 days of diary data over the course of the school year. SED children reported higher rates of exposure to negative teacher and peer events than comparison children. The self-esteem of both SED and comparison children was reactive to negative peer events in the classroom, but emotional security with teacher (EST) reduced this reactivity. The self-esteem of SED children was also reactive to negative teacher events but, EST, once again, reduced reactivity to negative events. Finally, SED children's perception of maternal warmth moderated their self-esteem reactivity and was concordant with their views of teachers. Results are discussed in light of treatment implications for SED children.
A Control Strategy for a Distributed Power Generation Microgrid Application With Voltage- and Current-Controlled Source Converter

This paper presents a pseudodroop control structure integrated within a microgrid system through distributed power generation (DPG) modules capable to function in off-grid islanded, genset-connected, and grid-connected modes of operation. System efficiency has an important role in order to harvest the maximum available renewable energy from dc or ac sources while providing power backup capability. A control strategy is proposed in off-grid islanded mode method based on the microgrid line-frequency control as agent of communication for energy control between the DPG modules. A critical case is where the ac load demand could be lower than the available power from the photovoltaic solar array, where the battery bank can be overcharged with unrecoverable damage consequences. The DPG voltage-forming module controls the battery charge algorithm with a frequency-generator function, and the DPG current source module controls its output current through a frequency-detection function. The physical installation between DPG modules is independent, since no additional communication wiring is needed between power modules, which represent another integration advantage within the microgrid-type application.
Robust fault estimation for switched systems based on unknown input observer approach

This paper considers the problem of robust fault estimation for discrete-time switched system. Firstly, an augmented system is constructed such that the fault as part of the state. Then an unknown input observer (UIO) is employed to estimate the state of the augmented system. Based on the switched Lyapunov function and the generalized Kalman-Yakubovic-Popov (KYP) lemma, a finite-frequency UIO-based fault estimation observer is designed. Finally, the proposed technique is illustrated by a numerical example.
Genetic differences between mestizo populations of Bolivia and Peru

Data on the genetic background of Peruvian and Bolivian populations is still scarce. Studies have shown that mestizos (i.e. mixed, but of predominantly Native American ancestry) present several HLA alleles originally described in genetically isolated Amerindian tribes, and that Peruvian and Bolivian mestizos are closely genetically related. Using Reverse Line Blot Assay, HLA typing for Class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-Cw) as well as for Class II (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1) alleles was performed in 57 Bolivian mestizos. Subjects came mainly from La Paz (the main city in the Bolivian Andes) and three other important cities located in the Bolivian Central Valley (Sucre, Tarija and Tupiza). Comparison of the allele frequencies of Bolivian mestizos with available data from the literature from Peruvian mestizos, revealed that Class I HLA-Cw*01, and B*40 alleles were higher in the Peruvian mestizo group (Chi-sq = 4,87 p<0,05; and chi-sq = 7,56 p<0,01 respectively). Regarding Class II alleles, HLA-DRB1*1101 and DRB1*1302 alleles were higher in Peruvian mestizos (Chi-sq = 5,12 p<.05; chi-sq = 3,8 p = 0.05 respectively), while HLA-DQB1*0402 was significantly higher in Bolivian mestizos (Chi-sq = 47,2 p<.0001). Differences in allele frequencies, and the absence or presence of certain alleles in either group could be due to a higher grade of admixture with Andean ethnic groups in the mestizos from Bolivia and/or less rural traits and more white (Caucasian) admixture in the Peruvian mestizos reported in the literature. These findings may have an impact regarding efficacies of modern forms of immunization (DNA vaccines) in Andean population, as well as in the identification of groups at risk for certain medical conditions.
Energy conserving privacy enhancing algorithms for resource-constrained devices

Resource-constrained devices such as wireless sensor networks, body area networks, or smart phones collect confidential and sensitive information about their users. Traditional solutions to protect these data, such as encryption, consume a significant amount of resources to be viable. In this dissertation, I present two energy efficient information collection protocols based on the notion that by relaxing the definition of privacy, such as using indistinguishability, energy use can be reduced. The first protocol, multi-dimensional negative surveys (MDNSs), protects multivariate categorical data by perturbing sensed values to something other than what was actually sensed, and transmits the perturbed values to a central information collection server, providing privacy protection for information such as location. The second protocol, k-indistinguishable privacy-preserving data aggregation (KIPDA), protects the privacy of data that are aggregated in wireless sensor networks. It is specialized for the maximum and minimum aggregation functions and is one of the first techniques to provide protection from other adversarial nodes in the network. Sensitive data are obfuscated by hiding them among a set of camouflage values. Because the sensitive data are not encrypted, they can be aggregated easily and efficiently with minimal in-network processing delay. While radio usage is expensive, I show through analysis, simulations, and implementations that broadcasting a modest amount of camouflage data is more energy efficient when encryption is eliminated. Simulations and implementations on physical devices illustrate how both approaches can protect the privacy of a participant's data, while reducing energy use and allowing useful aggregate information to be collected.
Cerebral oedema after ingestion of MDMA (“ecstasy”) and unrestricted intake of water

EDITOR,—3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”) is a synthetic derivative of amphetamine and a popular recreational drug among young people. It is known to cause severe hyperpyrexia, dehydration, and rhabdomyolysis.1 Unrestricted ingestion of water is commonly believed to be important in combating some of the side effects of ingestion of the drug. We report on two patients who developed clinical effects due to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after ingestion of MDMA. These adolescents had been “left to sleep it off” and presented …
Novel Resonant Pole Inverter for Brushless DC Motor Drive System using Fuzzy Logic controller

The brushless dc motor (BDCM) has been wi del y used in industrial applications because of its low inertia, fast response, high power density, high reliability, and maintenance-free reputation. Brushless DC motors have a permanent- magnet rotor, and the stator wi ndings are wound such that the back electromoti ve force (EMF) is trapezoi dal. It therefore requires rectangul ar-shaped stator phase currents to produce constant torque. The Motors possess high torque/ wei ght ratio, operate at very high speed, are very compact and are electronically controlled. The advantage of these motors is the removal of brushes, leading to elimi nate many problems associated with brushes. BDCM dri ves have been focused on the motor control strategies. Nevertheless, most of these converter topol ogies empl oy the hard-swi tching techni que which causes high switching losses and severe electromagnetic interference. Recentl y, a number of soft-s witching techni ques, provi ding zero-voltage switching (ZVS) or zero-current swi tching (ZCS) conditi on, have been successfully devel oped.This paper proposed the fuzzy l ogic and PI based speed control of brushless DC motor using soft-s witchi ng inverter Hence all switches work in zero voltage s witching condition.
Polarization agile circular wire loop antenna

We show that the inclusion of a pin diode suitably positioned in a circular wire-loop antenna mounted over a ground plane can be used to electronically control the polarization radiation properties of the antenna. Specifically, we use a gapped circular wire loop of circumference 1.13/spl lambda//sub o/ at 1 GHz positioned 0.3/spl lambda//sub o/ above a 33 cm /spl times/ 33 cm ground plane. Inclusion of a pin diode into a 2.7-mm gap, suitably positioned with respect to the generator, allows the antenna current distribution to be electronically controlled such that the loop produces linearly polarized radiation VSWR of 1.8 or circularly polarized radiation VSWR of 2.5, boresight axial ratio less than 2.5 dB.
WHEN DOES OUTCROSSING OCCUR IN A MASS‐FLOWERING PLANT?

The flowering pattern of many animalpollinated woody plants may be divided into three phases: a) an initial phase in which a low but increasing number of flowers is produced per day, b) a short peak phase in which most of the total flower production occurs, and c) a final phase in which a low but decreasing number of flowers is produced per day. Recently, evolutionary ecologists have focused much attention on the effects of this mass-flowering pattern on pollinator attraction and movement (Janzen, 1967, 1971a; Gentry, 1974; Heinrich, 1975; Stiles, 1975; Carpenter, 1976; Frankie et al., 1976; Augspurger, 1980). These studies show that many species of floral visitors preferentially forage on individual plants that produce large numbers of flowers per day. Presumably, these individuals are both conspicuous and highly rewarding to pollinators (Heinrich and Raven, 1972; Gentry, 1974). In terms of pollinator movement, however, the floral rewards may be so clumped during the peak phase of the flowering pattern that there is little incentive for the pollinators to forage on different individuals (Heinrich and Raven, 1972; Stiles, 1975; Carpenter, 1976; Frankie et al., 1976). In contrast, the low levels of daily flower production that characterize the initial and final phases of the flowering pattern may be insufficient to attract pollinators from alternative floral resources. Consequently this mass-flowering pattern poses a dilemma, especially for self-incompatible species (see Heinrich and Raven, 1972; Heinrich, 1975; Carpenter, 1976; Frankie et al., 1976; Gentry, 1978). This study seeks to answer two questions: During what phase of the flowering pattern does outcrossing occur and what factors promote outcrossing? Specifically, this study documents the flowering pattern of Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelm. (Bignoniaceae) and examines the effect of different floral abundances and changes in floral abundances through time on the proportion of flowers that are selfand cross-pollinated on an individual plant.
Adaptive Envelope Shaping for Low and Medium Power Amplifiers with Dynamic Supply

This letter presents an adaptive envelope shaping (AES) method to linearize low and medium power amplifiers (PAs) with dynamic supply. This straightforward linearization solution results very useful for small cell or handset transmitters, where reducing power consumption and computational complexity of the digital part is crucial. With the AES method, there is no need of an a priori characterization of the PA to shape the supply voltage signal targeting maximum linearity. Excellent linearization results are obtained when the PA presents good AM-PM linearity, otherwise, additional phase distortion linearization has to be included to meet the ACLR specifications.
Assessment of heterojunction SiGe tunnel-FET for low-power digital circuits

To overcome the fundamental limitations of conventional MOSFETs, tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) with strained-SiGe channel (via heterogeneous integration) may be used and is demonstrated using simulation. We mainly focus on the design and implementation of silicon germanium based tunnel field effect transistor, aiming to reduce the device operation voltage down to below 0.5V. Performance improvement in drain current as high as 200% has been achieved.
Exosome‐mediated activation of toll‐like receptor 3 in stellate cells stimulates interleukin‐17 production by γδ T cells in liver fibrosis

During liver injury, hepatocytes secrete exosomes that include diverse types of self‐RNAs. Recently, self‐noncoding RNA has been recognized as an activator of Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3). However, the roles of hepatic exosomes and TLR3 in liver fibrosis are not yet fully understood. Following acute liver injury and early‐stage liver fibrosis induced by a single or 2‐week injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), increased interleukin (IL)‐17A production was detected primarily in hepatic γδ T cells in wild‐type (WT) mice. However, liver fibrosis and IL‐17A production by γδ T cells were both significantly attenuated in TLR3 knockout (KO) mice compared with WT mice. More interestingly, IL‐17A‐producing γδ T cells were in close contact with activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), suggesting a role for HSCs in IL‐17A production by γδ T cells. In vitro treatments with exosomes derived from CCl4‐treated hepatocytes significantly increased the expression of IL‐17A, IL‐1β, and IL‐23 in WT HSCs but not in TLR3 KO HSCs. Furthermore, IL‐17A production by γδ T cells was substantially increased upon coculturing with exosome‐treated WT HSCs or conditioned medium from TLR3‐activated WT HSCs. However, similar increases were not detected when γδ T cells were cocultured with exosome‐treated HSCs from IL‐17A KO or TLR3 KO mice. Using reciprocal bone marrow transplantation between WT and TLR3 KO mice, we found that TLR3 deficiency in HSCs contributed to decreased IL‐17A production by γδ T cells, as well as liver fibrosis. Conclusion: In liver injury, the exosome‐mediated activation of TLR3 in HSCs exacerbates liver fibrosis by enhancing IL‐17A production by γδ T cells, which might be associated with HSC stimulation by unknown self‐TLR3 ligands from damaged hepatocytes. Therefore, TLR3 might be a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:616‐631)
[Influence of menopausal symptoms on sexual function in middle-aged women].

PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of climacteric symptoms on the sexual function in middle-aged women. METHODS A cross-sectional population study was conducted on a sample of 370 middle-aged women, aged 40 to 65 years-old, cared for at the Basic Health Units in Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. We used a questionnaire containing questions on sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), while the menopause symptoms by the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). RESULTS In the studied group, 67% of the women reported risk for sexual dysfunction (FSFI≤26.5). All FSFI domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) were lower in women with risk for sexual dysfunction (p<0.001). The arousal, orgasm, and pain domains were most likely to contribute to lower FSFI scores. All somatovegetative, urogenital, and psychological MRS symptoms were more elevated in women with risk for sexual dysfunction, being significant for all comparisons (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the likelihood of women with risks of sexual dysfunction to present hot flushes, depression, sexual problems, and vaginal dryness was, respectively, 2.1 (95%CI 1.2 - 3.5); 2.4 (95%CI 1.5 - 4.1); 2.3 (95%CI 1.4 - 3.8), and 2.2 (95%CI 1.3 - 3.6) times higher, respectively, compared to those without any risk. CONCLUSION Climacteric symptoms seem to influence the sexual function in middle-aged women.
Pharmaceuticals for poststroke and brain injury rehabilitation.

In the June and July issues, we introduced the first half of a four-issue special series of the American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, focused on innovative, physiologic treatments for stroke and traumatic brain injury.1,2 These disorders are leading causes of adult disability in the United States today, accounting for tremendous personal, social, and financial costs for survivors, caregivers, and society.3 In the June issue, Hillis4 has provided an up-to-date review on how physiologic treatments may optimize poststroke aphasia recovery. Choi et al.5 and Buxbaum et al.6 have presented data in the July issue on treatment of poststroke spatial neglect. In this issue, we consider pharmaceutical interventions. Minimal profit incentive to study patent-expired medications for cognition exists—thus, older, familiar medications with proven safety are not usually eligible for industry support, which is available to research newer, relatively unproven agents. The burden of developing a pharmaceutical treatment science for older medications, balancing patient safety with innovation, may have fallen on the resources of individual researchers and public and private grant funding. Clinicians wishing to provide best care for patients despite these limits have established the current practice standard for brain injury rehabilitation, including off-label use of stimulants, dopaminergic agents, cholinesterase inhibitors, and other agents with possible neurotropic or neuroprotective effects. Last year, Hokenson et al.7 reported that more than 30% of acute rehabilitation patients with poststroke spatial neglect received off-label dopaminergic, stimulant, and alerting medications. In this issue, we present two papers on pharmaceuticals in neurorehabilitation. Barrett and Eslinger8 present a preliminary report suggesting that amantadine improved speech fluency in an inhomogenous group of brain-injured subjects, some of whom had linguistic problems, and some of whom may have had attentional or cognitive deficits. Barrett and Eslinger propose studying amantadine for abnormal speech output in acquired aphasia associated with perisylvian cortical injury. Martin et al.9 performed a meta-analysis of a series of “n = 1” trials of methylphenidate in minimally conscious patients and those in vegetative states following TBI. Surprisingly, they report no definite evidence of a methylphenidate treatment effect. Group studies with parallel designs may better address whether persistent improvement is associated with methylphenidate treatment of TBI, because single-subject designs with on–off periods are less sensitive to detect these changes.
Preparation of spheroplasts from Streptococcus lactis.

Stationary phase cells of Streptococcus lactis resisted lysis by lysozyme under a variety of test conditions, although they lost 20% of their hexosamine. Lysozyme was bound by the cells and caused the optical density of the suspensions to rise. Incubation of the cells (0.5 mg dry weight/ml) in buffer with lysozyme (1 mg/ml), NaCl (0.5 M), or sodium dodecylsulfate (0.1%) caused prompt lysis. The cells were stabilized with 10% polyethylene glycol but not by 10–30% sucrose. Lysozyme and NaCl-treated cells in polyethylene glycol were spheroplasts because they were osmotically fragile, lost their shape but retained a rhamnose wall polymer. The spheroplasts retained all the DNA of the original cells, and 10% of the original numbers could be cultured on agar. However, they lost all their muramic acid and 60% of their hexosamine. In contrast to NaCl, sodium dodecylsulfate-treated cells were killed.