Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice Related to Breastfeeding among Caesarean Section Mothers of BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal. -

Background: The immunological and nutritive values of breast milk are most suited for an infant. With the increase in the incidence of caesarean section, problems in breastfeeding in the first 24-48 hours have increased because of pain, discomfort, exhaustion and sedation effects of anesthesia. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 mothers of BPKIHS, Dharan, who had undergone cesarean section to assess knowledge and practice related to breastfeeding. Knowledge regarding breastfeeding was assessed by self-prepared structured interview schedule and practice was observed using observational checklist. Results: The study revealed that 50% of the respondent had knowledge about breastfeeding above median score (IQR) [7.5(6-9)]. Only 11.11% of respondents breastfed their infants effectively. Most of the mothers (83%) initiated feeding after one hour of birth. The reasons for delayed initiation were late shifting, pain and discomfort and inadequate milk secretion. The main problems during breastfeeding were pain and discomfort at incision site, inadequate milk secretion, pain in breast during sucking and poor sucking by the infant. Colostrum was fed by 93% of the mothers whereas 17% of the mothers fed prelacteal feeds. There was significant association of knowledge score and education (p-0.02) and there was a significant association between effectiveness of breastfeeding and age group (p-0.007). Conclusion: Maternal knowledge regarding breastfeeding is inadequate. In our context, still there is persistence of cultural belief related to prelacteal feeds. The mothers are not able to practice effective techniques of breastfeeding. There is difficulty in initiation and establishment of breastfeeding after cesarean section.
Effects of Leaf Extracts from Piper sarmentosum Roxb., Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Per. and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. on Blood Glucose Level, Chemistry of Urine, Histology of Small Intestine and Hematological Values in Diabetic Rats

This research was aimed to investigate the effects of ethanolic leaf extracts from Piper sarmentosum Roxb. , Lagerstroemia spesiosa (L.) Per. and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. on blood glucose levels, urine volume and chemical properties, histology of small intestine and hematological values in diabetic rats. The experiments were conducted by daily and oral feeding the leaf extracts from these three plants at the dose of 250 mg/kg to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for eight weeks. The results showed that all the extracts used could reduce blood glucose levels and increase in the body weight gain. The extract from Lagerstroemia spesiosa (L.) Per leaves reduced blood glucose levels (58.06±3.49%) greater than the extract from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. leaves (23.03±9.09%). The extract from Piper sarmentosum Roxb. leaves reduced blood glucose levels in early 3 weeks of experiment. The feature of small intestine tissues from Piper sarmentosum Roxb. , Lagerstroemia spesiosa (L.) Per. and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. were not different from normal and glibenclamide treated. Moreover, all of extracts exerted any alteration of % hematocrit, g % hemoglobin, red blood cell and white blood cell count were not different but significantly higher (p
Genetic divergence in rice.

Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed considerable genetic diversity among the forty three genotype of rice. The genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters namely cluster I (8 genotypes), cluster II (9 genotypes), cluster III (5 genotypes), cluster IV (10 genotypes), cluster V (5 genotypes) and cluster VI (3 genotypes) and cluster VII (3 genotypes). This indicates that the genotypes grouped within a particular cluster are more or less genetically similar to each other and apparent wide diversity is mainly due to the remaining genotype distributed over rest of the other clusters. The maximum intra cluster distance exhibited for cluster V (315.260) and lowest for cluster II (154.493). The maximum inter cluster distance was showed between cluster VII and III (989.482) whereas, minimum between clusters II and I (412.977). The hybridization between the genotypes Sathi Safed, PR 113 and Punjab Basmati 2 with Vallabh Basmati 21, PR 114 and Pusa Basmati 1509 would produce heterotic hybrids and wide spectrum of variability in subsequent generations. The grain yield per plant followed by number of grains per panicle, biological yield per plant, harvest index, plant height, panicle length, test weight and days to 50% flowering contributed most towards genetic divergence.
Bioinformatics in maize genome research

Motivation: Clustering has become an integral part of microarray data analysis and interpretation. It is helpful to reduce the scale of information generated by microarray experiment to the level that biologists can generate hypothesis. There is a danger that artifacts induced by clustering methods can cause misinterpretation of the data. Clustering method that can accurately capture the natural structure of the data would be a useful tool for biologists to discovery the biological meaning buried in the data. To this end, a new clustering algorithm, called K-means multiclustering, is introduced. The method can avoid the artifacts induced by distance or similarity metrics by amalgamating the results of many K-means clusterings. Results: The multiclustering algorithm is a model-free clustering method. It is found to be reliable and consist in capturing the underlying data structure with high accuracy that is competitive with model based clustering and superior to other methods on synthetic micorarry data generated in a manner consistent with the hypothesis of model based clustering. The algorithm has a high level of immunity to artifacts introduced by the metric
Avaliação de técnicas de homogeneização de solo para detecção de cistos de Giardia duodenalis

The soil is an important vehicle for the transmission of the protozoan Giardia duodenalis, which causes the global disease giardiosis, gastroenteritis of changeable severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate different process of homogenization soil samples in order to know which of them is most effective for cysts detection and recovery. Four treatments of homogenization were performed with four replicates of each one. Each replicate contained 10g of soil contaminated with a 500 cysts, moistened with phosphate-buffered saline and shaked according to the following VII Congreso de Medio Ambiente /AUGM 2 treatments: vortex for 2 minutes; magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes, homogenization during 30 minutes in a rotary mixer; and manual homogenization for 5 minutes. After homogenization, the samples remained resting for 5 minutes on the bench in order to sediment and separate the coarser soil particles. Then the supernatant and the finer particles were centrifuged at 1050 x g for 10 minutes and the immunomagnetic separation was performed in the resulting pellet. The cysts were labeled and enumerated by immunofluorescence assay. There was no significant different found in the mean value of magnetic stirrer (81.07), rotary mixer (70.40) and manual homogenization (49.60). However, the replicates of rotary mixer showed themselves more homogeneous when separating the coarser particles from the finer ones that would be taken to centrifugation. Therefore, this treatment was chosen as the most effective and reproducible process. The mean from the vortex samples was the lowest (8.45) showing a significant difference from the others.
Dietary intervention affects arsenic-generated nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediate toxicity in islet cells of rats

This study has revealed that pancreatic tissue of ars enic-treated (3 mg/kg body wt/day for 30 days) rats shows excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the activity of ant ioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, is significantly low in these animals. Light microscopic examination of sections of pancreas from such animals shows that a larger number of islets are shrunken, containing lower number of islet cells. Nicotinamide (NAM) supplement could reduce excessive production of both NO and MDA as well as toxicity in islet cells. NAM also could enhance the a ctivities of antioxidant enzymes. Islet morphology, size and cell counts were seen to recover close to normal with NAM. Like NAM, pea or pea and casein supplement in diet could reduce excessive production of NO, MDA and toxicity in islet cells, but increase the activ ities of antioxidant enzymes. Our findings suggest that NAM, pea or pea and casein affect oxygen radical and NO toxicity in islet cells of r ats and have promise as di etary supplements to prevent disorders involving damage of islet cells.
The Application of a Knowledge Transfer Model for Global Impact

This paper aims to demonstrate the impact of knowledge transfer activities on global communities. It draws on an award winning example of tri-party knowledge transfer, with partners from the UK and Nigeria, encouraging entrepreneurship and developing regional economic regeneration. This was stimulated by bespoke collaborative knowledge transfer activity in a location with substantial barriers and lack of access to municipal services. It is hoped that the reader will conclude that the application of knowledge transfer is effective and delivers results in a global context.
Effect of seminal plasma proteins at freezing on ram sperm motility and viability.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of seminal plasma proteins on ram sperm motility, membrane integrity and the changes in the profile of ram sperm membrane proteins induced by cryopreservation. Fresh ejaculates from 8 mature Rasa aragonesa rams were used. Sperm motility and cell viability was assessed. The freezing procedure was based on the method described by Fiser et al. (1987). Proteins extracted from fresh and frozen-thawed semen were subjected to the Two-dimensional polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. A significant improvement in the quality of frozenthawed sperm was obtained after addition of seminal plasma proteins (p < 0.05). Comparative two-dimensional polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis analysis between fresh and frozen semen, either with or without seminal plasma proteins in the cryopreservation medium, revealed that eight protein spots were lost in frozen-thawed sperm. The concentration of one sperm membrane protein spot of low Mr (spot 2) was higher (p < 0.05) in proteinadded frozen sperm. Correlations found between certain protein spots sperm motility and viability suggests that these proteins could play important roles in the maintenance of sperm integrity and functionality. In conclusion, the addition of seminal plasma proteins to freezing extender improved frozen-thawed ram sperm integrity quality and cryopreservation of ram semen produced variations in the sperm membrane protein composition.
Intrinsically or extrinsically driven : generational differences in workplace motivation and engagement

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM STATEMENT. 1 1.
Child Rights: Discourse Analysis of the International Literature Relating to the Historical Background and Guiding Principles of Convention on the Rights of Children

The endorsement of the UN Convention on the Rights of Children (UNCRC) 1989has made child rights a major area of study during the past years. Academic work on child rights is presently unthinkable without taking into account the CRC as the carrier of the child rights debate. The article provides an account of those developments and movements which led to the adoption of CRC. By means of a discourse analysis of international literature, the article maps the academic discourse on children‟s rights. The article has enlisted the four guiding principles of CRC and offered a detail description of all the four guiding principles which are equality, best interest of the child, life, survival & development and participation. The article has further explained the postulates of each guiding principle and its importance for children.
Lysosomal Pathways of Protein Degradation

Lysosomal Pathways of Protein Degradation looks at cell biology from the view of a lysosome. It summarizes the composition and assembly of lysosomes in mammalian and yeast cells. It also reviews current knowledge about pathways of endocytosis and secretion and how both endocytosed and secreted proteins can be delivered to lysosomes for degradation. In addition, both vesicular and nonvesicular pathways are described for the uptake of cytoplasm and cytosolic proteins by lysosomes. Such pathways include macroautophagy, microautophagy and a direct protein import pathway. Each section contains simple black-and-white figures and tables to illustrate major points. Each section also contains methods used to study segment and ends with future directions of research likely to occur in that particular field. Conditions and molecules that regulate the different pathways of lysosomal proteolysis are also described. The book is written by a single author which lends a uniform style to a volume covering many rapidly-expanding areas of cell biology. A wide variety of readers will benefit from reading this book. Undergraduate and graduate students will find more detailed information about lysosomes than is available in any cell biology textbook. Throughout the book, the aim is to simplify concepts and to unify nomenclature. Even lysosome experts will appreciate the tables and clear definition of terms such as lysosome, autophagic vacuole, and autophagosome. Faculty and researchers that know the basics about lysosomes will find that much has changed in our understanding of these dynamic organelles. Scientists in Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical companies will have a new appreciation of lysosomes after reading this book. The information here could be used to increase the yield of a secreted protein produced by mammalian cells and to target peptide-based drugs to lysosomes for their timed destruction after working in the cytosol.
Identification et caractérisation du récepteur à la flagelline (VvFLS2) et recherche du récepteur aux chito-oligosaccharides chez la vigne

Les recepteurs PRR (Pattern-recognition receptors) jouent un role cle dans l’immunite des plantes en assurant la reconnaissance d’eliciteurs, des motifs moleculaires associes aux microorganismes (MAMP) qui temoigne de leur presence microbienne. La perception de ces MAMPs constitue le premier systeme de detection d’agents potentiellement pathogene, et declenche des mecanismes de defense qui ont pour but de bloquer leur developpement.Cette etude met en lumiere comment la vigne (Vitis vinifera) percoit deux MAMPs : le peptide flg22 derive de la flagelline et la chitine, des motifs conserves existant dans la plupart des especes bacteriennes et fongiques, respectivement. Cette etude analyse les evenements precoces de signalisation, l’expression de genes de defense actives par ces MAMPs et l’efficacite de la resistance induite contre les agents de la pourriture grise et du mildiou de la vigne. Si nos resultats suggerent que des systemes de perception pour ces deux MAMPs existent chez la vigne, aucun recepteur PRR n’est actuellement connu pour cette plante cultivee.La disponibilite du genome de la vigne nous a permis d’identifier in silico des recepteurs putatifs (VvFLS2, VvCERK1-3 et VvCEBiP1-2) pouvant fonctionner comme PRR respectif de flg22 et de chitine. Leur analyse fonctionnelle a ete realisee d’une part par complementation des mutants correspondants d’Arabidopsis et, d’autre part, par une strategie d’extinction de gene chez la vigne.Nos resultats ont permis d’identifier VvFLS2, le recepteur de la vigne a la flagelline bacterienne. La fonction de VvFLS2 a ete demontree en restaurant la reponse a flg22 du mutant fls2 d’Arabidopsis. Ainsi, nos travaux sont les premiers a decrire un couple PRR-MAMP actif chez la vigne. Nous avons egalement compare les capacites de perception de VvFLS2 et du recepteur d’Arabidopsis, AtFLS2, envers des epitopes flg22 provenant de bacteries endophytes ou pathogenes. Nos donnees montrent clairement que VvFLS2 reconnait differemment les peptides flg22 des differentes bacteries et suggerent que la flagelline de la bacterie benefique Burkholderia phytofirmans a evolue pour echapper au systeme de reconnaissance immunitaire de la vigne. Nous avons egalement obtenu des donnees preliminaires concernant le systeme de perception de la chitine chez la vigne et montre que VvCERK3 pourrait etre un orthologue fonctionnel d’AtCERK1 en restaurant partiellement le burst oxydatif induit par la chitine dans le mutant cerk1-2 d’Arabidopsis.
A Computational Investigation of FTY720P-Mediated Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by autoimmune-mediated inflammation, demyelination, and lesion formation in the central nervous system (CNS). FTY720, a structural analogue of the endogenous sphingolipid, sphingosine, has been discovered as an orally-available immunomodulator effective at treating MS. FTY720-phosphate (FTY720P), the phosphorylated form of FTY720, resembles sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and is a potent ligand on four out of the five S1P receptors. This investigation used a qualitative systems biology approach, aided by the computer modeling tool, CellDesigner, to create computational signaling models of the S1P receptors and of cell types that are involved in the observed FTY720P-mediated neuroprotection in MS. These models were used to explore the actions of S1P and FTY720P on the S1P receptors in different cell types and to test the ability of the models to qualitatively reproduce results in the literature. While the S1P receptor and cell type models were not perfect in a quantitative sense, they succeeded in qualitatively reproducing events described in the literature.
CENTAUREA HYALOLEPIS BOISS. SUBSP. HYALOLEPIS (ASTERACEAE), A NEW TAXON FOR THE IBERIAN PENINSULA

Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss. subsp. hyalolepis is an Irano-Turanian taxon which is reported for the first time in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Its morphological, ecological, and phytosociological characteristics, as well as its western Mediterranean distribution are discussed.
Behavioural responses of the European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787), to conspecific and synthetic sounds

This study examined the effects of three different acoustic stimuli on the behaviour of the European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas(Fabricius, 1787). Twenty male and 20 female lobsters were exposed to: a low-frequency linear sweep tone (0.1-20 kHz), a high-frequency linear sweep tone (20-80 kHz), conspecific sounds (rasp: train of wideband pulses), and no sound stimulation (control). After a habituation period, lobsters were audio-video recorded for 30 min. Tail flipping, sound emissions, distance moved, mobility, velocity and movement were recorded. Differences between the males and females in the rasp playback condition were observed, with the females having highest values of the behaviours under study. Moreover, when analysing the male and female combined data we found that exposure to synthetic stimuli did not produce any significant variations. Finally, it can be assumed that there is: a capacity for rasp sound perception, and a significant role for these pulses in the intraspecific communication of P. elephas.
Classification of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat CA1 Hippocampal Interneuron Subpopulations Defined by Calcium-Binding Protein mRNA Expression

CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONAL NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS IN RAT CA1 HIPPOCAMPAL INTERNEURON SUBPOPULATIONS DEFINED BY CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN mRNA EXPRESSION Richard M. Burgon Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology Neuroscience Center Master of Science In this study, the single-cell relative quantitative mRNA expression of three Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs; calbindin, calretinin, parvalbumin) and eight nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits (α2−α5, α7, β2−β4) from interneurons from the stratum radiatum or stratum oriens within the CA1 region of rat hippocampi was analyzed using quantitative real time RT-PCR. Eighty-seven percent of the interneurons examined expressed CaBP mRNA. Parvalbumin mRNA was detected in 64%, while calbindin and calretinin expression was detected in 26% and 40% of interneurons, respectively. CaBP expression was not exclusive; the average number of CaBP mRNA detected per interneuron of the 47 interneurons examined for CaBP was 1.3. There was
Digitalization Maternal and Prenatal Care Reporting Systems by Using Multimodal Telecommunication Devices for Monitoring Systems in the Rural West Bandung County Indonesia

Objectives: West Java Province contribute 19.8% mother mortality in Indonesia; is the highest than other provinces. We proposed the Digitalization Maternal and Prenatal care Systems (DigiMAPS) that tries to improve recording and reporting system in order to monitoring, improving health facility and managing prevention program. Methods: Gunung Halu is located in West Bandung District was chosen due its contour-infrastructures obstacle. Requirement are derived by DigiMAPS and startup customer-problem-solution. Results: We designed developed device, network, tele-consultation application and multi modality communication systems supporting various user accesses including SMS, web- and mobile application-based entry. It consist several access network including broadband wireline (xDSL), 2G-3G, WiFi and VSAT IP. We identified the following assumptions: (I) The communication networks are focus on public broadband IP network either using wireless/wireline approaches whenever applicable in target area. (II) The communication solutions considers various device requirements including PC, tablet and smartphone; DigiMAPS application has been developed using web- and android-based concepts. (III) The platforms are designed to support software as a service in cloud terminology, rather than client-server approach. Conclusions: We have developed the DigiMAPS prototype in the rural area of Bandung county Indonesia. DigiMAPS will collect datas in order to monitor the quality of healthcare as well as for tele-consultation and data analysis to make early intervention by midwives, doctors and stakeholders in Bandung county, Indonesia.