Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Evaluation of the Concept of Autistic Creativity

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions that are associated with an astonishing combination of cognitive strengths and weaknesses with a substantial minority of individuals displaying some exceptional creative abilities, reaching genius pro‐ portions in some rare cases. Creativity is a multifactorial construct and neuroscience is only beginning to unravel some of the cognitive components involved in the creative process. In this chapter we contrast neuroscientific evidence from creativity research with models at‐ tempting to explain talent and creativity in ASD. Although there are no agreed definitions for creativity the formulation put forward by Griffiths [1] “Creativity is a mental journey be‐ tween ideas or concepts that involves either a novel route or a novel destination” (p.6) seems to fit the picture very well. Various explanations and theories have been put forward to account for creativity ranging from unconscious mechanisms, cognitive processes, special abilities and personal traits to links with genetic processes and psychopathology.
Immunohistochemical analysis of hip arthritis in ankylosing spondylitis: evaluation of the bone-cartilage interface and subchondral bone marrow.

OBJECTIVE Previous histopathologic and magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that the subchondral bone marrow might be the primary site of inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and that this might be reflected by inflammation found in hip joints. The aim of this study was to conduct an immunohistologic assessment of the bone-cartilage interface and subchondral bone marrow in AS patients with hip arthritis. METHODS We collected femoral heads from patients with AS, osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were undergoing hip replacement. The subchondral bone marrow and bone-cartilage interface were assessed immunohistochemically by evaluating infiltrating T cells, microvessel density, and osteoclasts. Areas of the femoral head surface with and without cartilage were assessed separately. RESULTS At sites with surface cartilage, we found subchondral infiltration of CD3+ T cell aggregates at significantly higher numbers in AS patients as compared with OA patients, but not RA patients. At sites of complete cartilage destruction, the frequency of CD3+ T cell aggregates was significantly reduced as compared with sites with cartilage on the surface in AS patients, but not in RA patients. Similar differences were found for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Only at sites with surface cartilage, but not those without, angiogenesis and osteoclastic foci in the subchondral bone marrow in AS patients were significantly increased as compared with RA patients and with OA patients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the subchondral bone marrow and bone-cartilage interface are primary sites of inflammation in AS and that cartilage might be necessary for the induction of inflammation.
BMI Changes in Russian Adults: The Role of Health Related Behaviors and Spousal Relationships

The paper investigates the effects of changes in marital status and health related behaviors (smoking and drinking) on the body mass index (BMI) in Russian adults over a ten-year period. Smoking and drinking behavior changes have played an important part in health status changes over 1994 to 2004. The results indicate that the individual weight/BMI changes asymmetrically in health determinants; the sign and the magnitude of the response are different depending on the starting point and whether there is an increase or a decrease in the explanatory variable. Males BMI decreases with smoking and increases with quitting smoking, but females BMI increases with drinking alcohol and decreases with stopping drinking. Losing a partner decreases only the females BMI, but gaining a spouse/partner is associated with increases in BMI for both genders. For married females and males, the change in spousal BMI is significantly positively related. Understanding interactions between individual health-related behaviors and the set of determinants that contribute to such behaviors is a fundamental step in the design of effective interventions.
Correlations Between LP-PLA2 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility and Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in a Chinese Population.

OBJECTIVE This case-control study explored correlations between LP-PLA2 gene polymorphisms (A379V, V279F, and R92H) and susceptibility and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS From October 2013 to October 2015, 94 AP patients were chosen as the case group. According to the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score standard, AP patients were divided into a mild AP (MAP) group (n = 46) and severe AP (SAP) group (n = 48). The 48 SAP patients were further divided into an SAP with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) group (n = 42) and SAP without MODS group (n = 6). Meanwhile, 96 healthy subjects who received physical examinations at the study hospitals were selected as the control group. Serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) levels were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The A379V (s1051931), V279F (rs16874954), and R92H (rs13989) polymorphisms of the LP-PLA2 gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS There were significant differences in the frequencies of the LP-PLA2 gene polymorphisms between the AP group and the control group. The distribution of V279F-AA+AC genotype and R92H-AA+AG genotype in the AP group was higher than that in the control group, whereas the SAP group and SAP with MODS group distributions were higher than those in the MAP group and SAP without MODS group (both p < 0.05). G-C-A, G-A-G, and G-C-G haploids formed by A379V, V279F, and R92H may be associated with AP susceptibility. LP-PLA2 gene polymorphisms could affect serum LP-PLA2 level, whereas the V279F-A allele gene, the R92H-A allele gene, serum LP-PLA2 level, and serum amylase may be independent risk factors for AP (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that the LP-PLA2 gene polymorphisms, V279F and R92H, may be associated with susceptibility to and severity of AP.
Noise destroys feedback enhanced figure-ground segmentation but not feedforward figure-ground segmentation

Figure-ground (FG) segmentation is the separation of visual information into background and foreground objects. In the visual cortex, FG responses are observed in the late stimulus response period, when neurons fire in tonic mode, and are accompanied by a switch in cortical state. When such a switch does not occur, FG segmentation fails. Currently, it is not known what happens in the brain on such occasions. A biologically plausible feedforward spiking neuron model was previously devised that performed FG segmentation successfully. After incorporating feedback the FG signal was enhanced, which was accompanied by a change in spiking regime. In a feedforward model neurons respond in a bursting mode whereas in the feedback model neurons fired in tonic mode. It is known that bursts can overcome noise, while tonic firing appears to be much more sensitive to noise. In the present study, we try to elucidate how the presence of noise can impair FG segmentation, and to what extent the feedforward and feedback pathways can overcome noise. We show that noise specifically destroys the feedback enhanced FG segmentation and leaves the feedforward FG segmentation largely intact. Our results predict that noise produces failure in FG perception.
Context based genuine content recommendation system using Hadoop

In past, even though there is a lot of research work is done in the field of recommendation systems, the researchers did not target user contexts while recommending the content to the end users. Traditional recommendation systems while dealing with applications considers only users and items, and do not incorporate user context when delivering recommendations to querying end users. Contextual information can improve the quality of recommendation by overcoming the challenges in recommendation systems. Context-aware recommendation system (CARS) deals with various types of challenges in existing recommendation systems such as cold-start, sparsity, and scalability. One main challenge is to deliver genuine content to end users that need to be considered. Our work focuses on delivering the genuine content (video) recommendations based on user's context such as network type, time, location etc. The proposed work acts as a content filtering component that filters the content received from the existing system. This component can be applied to any existing recommendation system for improving its content genuinity. The work is implemented on Hadoop, an open source software for scalable, distributed computing.
Energy Conservation Using Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling for Computational Cloud

Cloud computing is a new technology which supports resource sharing on a “Pay as you go” basis around the world. It provides various services such as SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS. Computation is a part of IaaS and the entire computational requests are to be served efficiently with optimal power utilization in the cloud. Recently, various algorithms are developed to reduce power consumption and even Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) scheme is also used in this perspective. In this paper we have devised methodology which analyzes the behavior of the given cloud request and identifies the associated type of algorithm. Once the type of algorithm is identified, using their asymptotic notations, its time complexity is calculated. Using best fit strategy the appropriate host is identified and the incoming job is allocated to the victimized host. Using the measured time complexity the required clock frequency of the host is measured. According to that CPU frequency is scaled up or down using DVFS scheme, enabling energy to be saved up to 55% of total Watts consumption.
Alkaline phosphatases in microbialites and bacterioplankton from Alchichica soda lake, Mexico.

Dissolved organic phosphorus utilization by different members of natural communities has been closely linked to microbial alkaline phosphatases whose affiliation and diversity is largely unknown. Here we assessed genetic diversity of bacterial alkaline phosphatases phoX and phoD, using highly diverse microbial consortia (microbialites and bacterioplankton) as study models. These microbial consortia are found in an oligo-mesotrophic soda lake with a particular geochemistry, exhibiting a low calcium concentration and a high Mg : Ca ratio relative to seawater. In spite of the relative low calcium concentration in the studied system, our results highlight the diversity of calcium-based metallophosphatases phoX and phoD-like in heterotrophic bacteria of microbialites and bacterioplankton, where phoX was the most abundant alkaline phosphatase found. phoX and phoD-like phylotypes were more numerous in microbialites than in bacterioplankton. A larger potential community for DOP utilization in microbialites was consistent with the TN : TP ratio, suggesting P limitation within these assemblages. A cross-system comparison indicated that diversity of phoX in Lake Alchichica was similar to that of other aquatic systems with a naturally contrasting ionic composition and trophic state, although no phylotypes were shared among systems.
Pharmacology of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylglutaryl‐Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors (Statins), Including Rosuvastatin and Pitavastatin

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world, with hypercholesterolemia as the major risk factor. The 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase inhibitors represent the most efficient drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. They lower plasma cholesterol due to the inhibition of endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver and subsequent increased expression of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, resulting in an up‐regulated catabolic rate for plasma LDL. The beneficial effect of statins on the incidence of CHD was clearly demonstrated in several large‐scale clinical trials. Currently, five statins (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin) are available, and two novel compounds (pitavastatin, rosuvastatin) are undergoing clinical investigation. To point out potential mechanisms leading to increased toxicity and to compare the novel statins with the established ones, this article summarizes their pharmacological data since the prevalence of adverse events can be explained at least in part by their pharmacokinetic differences.
Hyperspectral image classification using MLL and Graph cut methods

Hyperspectral image consists of several spectral bands and all those bands are continuous i.e., each pixel in the image consists of continuous spectrum. But, the number of labeled samples present in these bands that would be used for training is scarce and also the acquisition of the labeled samples is difficult and time consuming. Whereas, the generation of the unlabeled samples is effortless. The Semisupervised Learning (SLL) algorithm helps to obtain the unlabeled samples from a constrained set of labeled samples without much struggle and cost. In proposed method, the semisupervised learning that adapts the Self learning strategies is developed. In the self learning method the machine learning algorithm itself selects the most favorable unlabeled samples for the classification process. Two different approaches are used. First, a segmentation method called the Graph cut technique is used and then the Multilevel Logistic (MLL) classifier is used. The Indian Pines scene captured by the Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) sensor that has sixteen different classes is taken for learning and classification.
Brucellosis – new aspects of an old disease

Clinical conditions synonymous with brucellosis have been described since the time of Hippocrates. Indeed, it has been suggested that organisms resembling brucellae have been detected in carbonized cheese from the Roman era (Capasso 2002). These observations highlight how both man and animals have lived with this disease since the days of early record keeping. Despite the numerous biotechnological improvements we now have, brucellosis remains a major worldwide zoonosis. Some countries have been successful in eradication of disease, while others, especially in the developing world still live with a huge disease burden. This review outlines some of the early significant historical milestones then brings the reader to the current challenges that face us in detection, microbial typing, taxonomy, vaccine development, understanding the host-microbial interactions and virulence mechanisms of these enigmatic bacteria.
Linear Programming Formulations for Computing Graph Layout Parameters

Luttamguzi et al. [(2005) Integer Programming Methods for Several Optimization Problems in Graph Theory. Proc. Int. Conf. Computers and Their Applications, CATA 2005, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 16–18, pp. 50–55. ISCA] have introduced a useful framework for the formulation of graph layout parameters measuring number of edges, which is applied to give linear programming formulations for computing the cut-width, minimum linear arrangement and band-width of a graph. We extend the framework of Luttamguzi et al. by the efficient formulation of sets of vertices of the same neighborhood—so-called groups—using binary linear programming (BIP) conditions. We apply our methods in order to find first BIP formulations for computing the important graph layout parameters path-width, neighborhood-width, linear NLC-width, and linear cliquewidth. Our formulations give useful and new characterizations of the problems as well as easy-tounderstand algorithms for their solution. The size of our formulations is polynomial in the size of the input graph.
Constitutional Aplastic Anaemia: Defective Haematopoietic Stem Cell Growth in Vitro

Summary. Seven children with constitutional aplastic anaemia (one dyskeratosis congenita, one constitutional type without anomalies, five classical Fanconi's anaemia) were studied to define the pathogenesis of the marrow failure. Haematopoiesis was assessed by assay of granulocytic (CFU‐C) and erythrocytic (CFU‐E) colonies in vitro.
Energy harvesting system and circuits for ambient WiFi energy harvesting

RF energy harvesting holds a promisinge future for generating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronics devices. This paper presents an energy harvesting system based on LTC3108, which can effectively collect the surrounding WiFi energy. Two rectifier circuit, the Villard cascade circuit and the Greinacher circuit, were analyzed. In this paper, the Schottky diode HSMS-2852 was used to form the RF-DC rectifier circuit When the input voltage of the LTC3108 power management circuit is higher than 30mV, the output of the power management circuit can achieve at 3.29V.
Replication and refinement of the role of rs548181 in schizophrenia: Results from a family based study

Replication and Refinement of the Role of rs548181 in Schizophrenia: Results From a Family Based Study Eske M. Derks* Roel A. Ophoff and Genetic Risk Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California
Human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequences are present in bone marrow from HIV‐negative patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and from healthy donors

Bone marrow (BM) from patients affected by multiple myeloma (MM), exhibiting monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as well as from healthy donors were investigated for the presence of human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8) DNA sequences. ORF 26 sequences were detected in 36–56% of the patients and in 29% of the controls. In a few cases, two other HHV‐8 DNA sequences were also detected. These observations indicate that the presence of the HHV‐8 genome in BM is relatively common in different groups of patients as well as in healthy individuals and do not support an alleged role for HHV‐8 in MM.
Identification of novel mutations in classical galactosemia

Classical galactosemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of galactose metabolism due to galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency. Treatment through restriction of dietary galactose intake is lifesaving, but, in spite of this diet, most patients develop abnormalities. In this paper we report the mutational spectrum of classical galactosemia in a cohort of 123 Dutch patients, all with biochemically proven classical galactosemia. In the human GALT gene, which is located on chromosome 9p13, we identified 24 different mutations, including nine mutations that have not been reported previously. The novel mutations include five missense mutations (c.152G>A/p.R51Q, c.404C>T/p.S135W, c.687G>T/p.K229N, c.756G>T/p.Q252H, and c.1140A>C/p.X380C), a frame shift mutation (c.410dupT), a splice site mutation (c.821‐2A>G), a possible branch point mutation (c.508‐29delT), and a large deletion encompassing at least exons 1‐11. Six of these novel mutations were found in patients of Dutch descent: p.R51Q, p.S135W, p.K229N, p.Q252H, p.X380C, and c.410dupT. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New autoantibody mediated disorders of the central nervous system.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, central nervous system disorders have been shown to be associated with autoantibodies. This review summarizes the recent findings and assesses the evidence that these conditions are caused by the antibodies, using the criteria established for peripheral nervous system autoimmune diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Over the last few years, antibodies to voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels, and to glutamate receptors, have been detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ataxia, limbic encephalitis and certain forms of epilepsy. Some of these patients respond to immunotherapies, suggesting that the antibodies are pathogenic, but there are few demonstrations using the passive transfer approach that antibodies present in the serum can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and affect central nervous system function. Some patients have antibodies to intracellular proteins such as glutamic acid decarboxylase or specific ribonuclear proteins. The pathogenicity of these antibodies must be in some doubt, although intravenous immunoglobulin therapy has been shown to be beneficial in stiff man syndrome, consistent with an autoimmune aetiology for the disease. In only a few conditions, has IgG derived from patients been shown to produce pathogenic effects in vivo or in vitro. SUMMARY There is much that needs to be done to define the role of these antibodies and to determine how they affect central nervous system function in vivo. These studies must be carried out so that appropriate treatments can be provided for the growing number of patients with possible antibody-mediated conditions.
Performance Improvement of Direct Power Control of PWM Rectifier With Simple Calculation

Conventional switching-table-based direct power control (STDPC) presents irregular power ripples and variable switching frequency, due to the use of predefined switching table and hysteresis comparators. This paper proposes an improved DPC for three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier with simple calculation. The concept of duty cycle control is introduced in DPC to allocate only a fraction of control period to the voltage vector selected from conventional switching table in DPC, while a null vector is applied for the rest of time. The main advantages of the proposed duty cycle control are twofold. On one hand, it is independent of rectifier parameter such as line-side inductance, hence strong robustness against inductance variations is obtained. On the other hand, the principle to obtain the duty cycle is very simple and easy to implement. Compared to conventional DPC, significant power ripple reduction and more sinusoidal grid current can be observed in the improved DPC. The presented simulation results and laboratory tests validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Radiologic Diagnosis of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Instability

A lumbar motion segment is considered to be unstable when it exhibits abnormal movement. This movement can be abnormal in quality (abnormal coupling patterns) or in quantity (abnormal increased motion). This instability can be symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on the demands made on the motion segment. Pain is a signal of Impending or actual tissue damage, and when present it indicates that a certain mechanical threshold has been reached or transgressed. Repeated transgressions will damage the stabilizing structures beyond physiologic repair, thus putting abnormal demands on secondary restraints. Radiographic study with dynamic views obtained in the frontal and lateral planes identify unstable states in the clinical environment.