Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tunable far-IR bandgaps in a one-dimensional graphene-dielectric photonic crystal

We propose a novel type of one-dimensional photonic crystal composed of stack of alternating layers of dielectric and graphene sheets. Based on discontinuity in derivative of electric field component in the boundaries between graphene sheets and dielectric layers, analytical dispersion relations of this structure, for both TE and TM polarizations, is obtained. A comparison between bandgaps created in this structure and ones created in a one-dimensional metallic photonic crystal, for normal incidence is made. It is concluded that a novel type of bandgap appears in this structure due to dissipative feature of graphene which we call it graphene absorption bandgap. Moreover, in comparison with the one-dimensional metallic photonic crystal, the electromagnetic waves penetrate in this structure with much lower damping. Finally, since the chemical potential of graphene sheets can be modified by gate voltage, the bandgaps in the considered structure can be tuned by the gate voltage (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Morphology of Lingual Papillae of Bear: Light Microscopic and SEM Study

Essam H. Ibrahim1,2,3, Attalla F. El-kott1,4, Ali Alshehri1, Mona Kilany2,5, Reza Yavari6, Salahud Din7* and Diaa Massoud8,9 1Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia. 2Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia. 3Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, Egypt. 4Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt. 5Microbiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt. 6Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. 7Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. 8Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, AlJouf, Saudi Arabia 9Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt. Article Information Received 13 August 2020 Revised 20 September 2020 Accepted 28 September 2020 Available online 14 January 2021
Development of advanced foams in microgravity

Possibilities for the investigation of novel foam systems under microgravity are discussed. The emphasis is on the investigation of metallic foams which can be made in various ways although the field of interest is much wider and also comprises other aqueous and nonaqueous liquid foams with a high liquid fraction (so-called „wet foams“). A research programme is outlined in which a wide range of liquid foams is investigated under microgravity.
Life in leaf litter: Fungal community succession during decomposition

Leaf litter decomposition plays a vital role in the nutrient budget of forest ecosystems. Fungal communities colonising leaf litter are “key players” in decomposition and nutrient recycling, because of their ability to produce a wide range of extracellular enzymes that facilitate breakdown of leaf litter. Fungal colonization of decomposing leaf litter is a sequential process during which fungal communities tend to change both quantitatively and qualitatively. Most previous studies on fungal succession have taken synecological approaches, recording fungal species assemblages at different stages of decomposition in various plant species. This paper brings together various studies on leaf litter decomposition, fungal succession of leaf litter including study methods, succession stages, controlling factors, limitations and future perspectives. We discuss high throughput methods as emerging complementary approaches to better understand species diversity and community dynamics. We propose the importance of current approaches combining morphological and molecular data in fungal succession studies. Nevertheless, there are still opportunities for further breakthroughs in this area as few research groups have applied these techniques to fungal succession experiments.
Effect of Inoculum Concentration and Pretreatment on Biomethane Recovery From Cotton Gin Trash

The potential of cotton gin waste, a considerable challenge to the gin owners, has not been fully investigated as a renewable energy source via anaerobic digestion. The weathered cotton gin trash and inoculum for triplicate biomethane potential assays were obtained from a local cotton gin mill and a municipal wastewater treatment plant, respectively. The moisture, total solids, volatile solids, and C, H, N, S, hemicellulose + cellulose, and lignin contents of gin waste were determined in triplicates. The biomethane potential of untreated and pretreated (hot water and 6% NaOH (wet CGT weight basis) gin waste was determined at different inoculum to substrate ratios. The highest cumulative biomethane yield of 111.8 mL gvs was observed in inoculum to substrate ratio of 2.3, and it was statistically similar to the values; 101.8, 104.7, 100.5, and 108.9 gvs, observed in 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.9, respectively. The biomethane yield at the inoculum to substrate ratio of 0.4 was significantly lower than all higher ratios. The T80-90 for biomethane production was 26-30 for the ISRs of 1.2, 1.5, and 2.3. The T80-90 for inoculum to substrate ratios of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.9 were 26-31, 27-32, and 27-31 d, respectively. The modified Gompertz equation fitted very well (R = 0.98-0.99) to the anaerobic digestion at all inoculum to substrate ratios and pretreatments as the observed and predicted biomethane values were similar. The model predicted a lag phase of 8-10 days for control and treatments compared to the observed of 10-15 days. The highest biodegradability of 24.8±2.6% was observed at inoculum to substrate ratio of 2.3, which was statistically similar to the values observed in ratios of 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.9, respectively. Among pretreatments, the highest biodegradability of 33.0±2.4 was observed in 6% NaOH pretreatment, and it was statistically similar to hot water treatment and non-pretreated or control. These research findings advance the knowledge in the anaerobic degradation of cotton gin trash, thus helping to maximize biomethane recovery from this agro-industrial waste.
Probing the binding of ligands to estrogen receptor using an empirical system

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor whose activity as an inducer or repressor of gene transcription depends on the nature of the ligand to which it is bound. The aim of this work is to evaluate the behavior of a set of compounds (antagonist molecules), using different docking experiments, in order to understand the relationship between ERα and such new ligands. With regard to the chemical properties of the ligands analyzed, we defined a specific guideline procedure designed for docking experiments. In our approach, we propose the use of the HINT scoring function in docking methodologies as a means of assessing the consistency of a docking solution, to discriminate correctly or near-correctly docked orientations from incorrectly docked ones, thus compensating for the lack of experimental data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
GENOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF LOW CONCENTRATION AGNPS TO HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in most of the consumer products. To study the genotoxic effects of AgNP to human peripheral blood lymphocytes at lower concentrations is the objecqtive of the present study. We studied the genotoxic effect by lymphocyte proliferation assay and hemolysis assay. Metal ion analysis was also done to check the uptake of nanoparticles in the cell pellet of human peripheral blood cells to ensure the generation of ROS, a possible mechanism by which the DNA damage could happen. The results indicate that the aberrant cell damage for the exposure period of 24hrs was found to be 0, 8 and 24% for 5, 15 and 25μg/mL of AgNPs respectively. Interestingly, cytotoxicity studies on erythrocytes also reveal the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles with membrane damage of the lipo-polysaccharide layer through haemolysis assay. Here we report that AgNPs exhibit geno-toxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes through the fragmentation of DNA and other chromosomal aberrations. Ag+ ion and AgNP concentration were analysed at 15μg/mL of AgNP by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and was estimated to be 0.725±0.02 μg/mL and 1.859±0.03 μg/mL in culture medium and cell pellet respectively. Taken together, silver nanoparticles are found to be cytotoxic and genotoxic even at a lower concentration such as 1. 8μg/mL.
Photosensitization of invitro biofilms formed on denture base resin

Material and methods. The specimens were sterilized in ethylene oxide gas and submitted to in vitro biofilm growth. The photodynamic therapy consisted of the application of 0.05% methylene blue (Pþ) conjugated to irradiation with a light-emitting-diode of 630 nm and 150 mW (Lþ). The specimens were randomly divided into groups (n1⁄45): negative control (P-L-); stained and irradiated at 10 J/cm (PþLþ 10); stained and irradiated at 30 J/cm (PþLþ 30); stained and not irradiated (PþL-); not stained and irradiated at 10 J/cm (P-Lþ 10); not stained and irradiated at 30 J/cm (P-Lþ 30); and gold standard (GS), sterilized. Afterward, the specimens were submitted to contact with culture medium agar for 10 minutes in petri plates, which were incubated for 48 hours at 37 C. The number of colony-forming units was obtained, and the data were expressed according to scores (11⁄40; 21⁄41-10; 31⁄411-100; 41⁄4101-1000) and analyzed by the Friedman and Dunn tests (a1⁄4.05).
FBLN3 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer through the AKT/mTOR pathway

Fibulin-3 (FBLN3) levels vary among different types of cancers. We found that fibulin-3 was 22 downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, particularly in the SW480 cell line. However, 23 transfecting SW480 cells with a lentivirus overexpressing fibulin-3 RNA inhibited proliferation, 24 induced G1/S arrest, and promoted apoptosis. Fibulin-3 overexpression also suppressed CRC 25 invasion and metastasis. These effects were regulated through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Loop Problem in Proteins: Developments on the Monte Carlo

Calculations of loop segments in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor starting from random conformations are more efficient, reproducible, and reliable due to several program enhancements. Monte Carlo simulated annealing (MCSA) calculations of a five-residue a-helix N-terminus segment (H5) and @-strand segment (B5) in this study are compared to the corresponding loop calculations in our previous study. Characteristics of the calculations are: the lowest final total energy conformations (LECs) are within 5 kcal/mol; the average backbone deviations of the computed segments from the native X-ray conformations are 0.43 -t 0.15 A for H5 and 0.68 -t 0.20 A for B5; and all the native backbone-backbone hydrogen bonds (H bonds) are present in the best LECs. Compared to the previous study, the H5 and B5 calculations are about 3 and 24 times more efficient, respectively. In the analysis of the best H5 simulated annealing run, backbone-backbone H bonds appear between RT = 4 and 70 kcal/mol, where RT is the Boltzmann temperature factor. H bonds that involve side chains appear in the RT = 1-10 kcal/mol range. Program enhancements implemented are varying main chain versus side chain dihedral angle selection rate, varying +/I,! J and xl/x2 dihedral angles in pairs, the use of main chain and side chain rotamer libraries, and varying the location of the segment origin. 0 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Effect of Curcumin on the Prevention of Myringosclerosis in Rats

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the preventative effect of oral curcumin (CMN) on myringosclerosis (MS) in an experimental rat model. Methods: The study included 21 female Wistar albino rats randomly separated into three groups. Group 1 was given no treatment (control group). In Group 2 and Group 3, the tympanic membrane (TM) was perforated using a sterile ear pick. The rats in Group 3 were administered oral CMN 200 mg/kg/day. All rats were sacrificed after 16 days. Otomicroscopic and histopathologic examinations were performed on the tympanic membranes. Results: Histopathologic examinations revealed that there were statistically significant differences between Group 2 and Group 3 in terms of MS degrees (p<0.001) and mean thicknesses of TMs (p<0.001), but there were no differences between Group 1 and Group 3. In respect of MS detected by otomicroscopy, a statistically significant difference was determined between Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001) and between Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3 (p=0.575). Conclusion: Orally administered CMN can prevent myringosclerosis formation in experimentally induced myringotomies.
The Chemical Constituents from the Heartwood of Eucalyptus Citriodora

Nineteen compounds were isolated from the CHCl3 soluble portion of the heartwood of Eucalyptus citriodora. These compounds included trans-calamenene (1), T-muurolol (2), α-cadinol (3), 2β-hydroxy-α-cadinol (4), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (5), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (6), linoleic acid (7), squalene (8), α-tocopherol (9), erythrodiol (10), morolic acid (11), betulonic acid (12), cycloeucalenol (13), cycloeucalenol vernolitate (14), β-sitosterol (15), β-sitosteryl-β-D-glucopyranoside (16), β-sitostenone (17), yangambin (18), sesamin (19). Among them, 14 is a new compound. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Absolute Frequency Measurement of Thallium 6P 1/2 ! 7S 1/2 Transitions Using Optical Femtosecond Comb

Absolute frequency measurement of thallium 6P1/2 → 7S1/2 transitions using optical femtosecond comb Wei-Ling Cheng National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 2005 The Doppler-free spectroscopy of atomic thallium 6P1/2 → 7S1/2 transitions have been observed by centering the Lamb dip using two counter-propagating laser beams perpendicular to the atomic beam, and the absolute frequencies of these transitions have been measured to an accuracy of 0.4 MHz (1 ppb) using the optical femtosecond comb. The hyperfine splittings and isotope shifts are derived from our results, which are in agree with the previous experimental results, and improved by a factor of 2–3.
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

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Influence of Size of Dispersed Silica Particles on Preparation of Thick Silica Films by Using Electrophoretic Sol–Gel Deposition

Monodispersed silica particles, which ranged from 0.14 to 0.42 μm in diameter, were prepared by the sol–gel method. These particles were first separated from original sols, and dried, heat-treated, and then re-dispersed in a mixture of ethanol, water, and triethoxy(methyl)silane. Thick silica films without micro-cracks were formed by electrophoretic deposition of the particles on a stainless steel sheet in the re-dispersed sols. The weight of the silica films deposited was increased with increasing particle size at a given applied voltage. On the other hand, density of the films was increased with decreasing particle size. When the particle size was 0.32 μm in diameter, crack-free films of ca. 20 μm in thickness were prepared after heat treatment at 800 °C for 1 h.
Svitlana VOVK INTERNATIONALIZATION OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY BY TNCS

The article analyses main stages in the internationalization of innovation activity undertaken by transnational companies and offers a generalization of approaches to its various forms. The analysis of the process of R&D internationalization was carried out based on the roles of subsidiaries in the general structure (network) of TNCs. The study of the evolution of innovation processes was performed in the context of behavioral types and roles of subsidiaries within the TNC networks and the host country environments. The analysis was focused on the main types of local and global linkages in the context of scientific and technical cooperation, with particular attention paid to TNC subsidiaries with a global role in research and development. The findings exposed the impact of TNCs’ internationalization of innovations upon host countries, revealed major tendencies in global knowledge spillovers, and corroborated the significance of linkages between structural units of TNCs and their partners in the host countries. © Svitlana Vovk, 2017. Vovk Svitlana, Cand. of Economic Sciences, Assist. Prof., Ternopil National Economic University, Ukraine. S v i t l a n a V o v k Internationalization of innovation activity by TNCS 214
Trigonal Rigid Triphenols: Self-Assembly and Multicomponent Lattice Inclusion

The sterics introduced via methyl groups impart rigidity and inclusion behavior to trigonal C3-symmetric triphenol hosts H1–H4. Triphenol H1 is found to mimic the O–H···O hydrogen-bonded self-assembly of trimesic acid to yield porous honeycomb nets. It is found that 18-crown-6⊂H1 in turn binds guest molecules in the hexagonal voids to yield guest⊂guest⊂host multicomponent molecular crystals. The triphenol H2 and the homologous derivatives H3 and H4 are also found to crystallize with 18-crown-6 and other guests to yield multicomponent crystals, but in these cases the 18-crown-6 is found to serve as a spacer. While the structure of H2 is determined in its guest-free form, some of the inclusion compounds of triphenols lend themselves to crystal packings that are deciphered based on network topologies. The networks observed for H1–Tol and H3–C–B–Et are unique; in the latter, the crystal packing analysis reveals organization of molecules into a pattern that is reminiscent of borromean rings.
Sodium Contamination in SiO2 Films Induced by Plasma Ashing

A sodium contamination phenomenon in a SiO2 film caused by O2 plasma ashing of a resist film was studied using the triangular voltage sweep method and neutron activation analysis. The contaminant sodium atoms have been proven to come from the resist film. The contamination occurs in two stages: (i) Before ashing end point, the sodium atoms dissolve only in the SiO2 surface layer by 1012 cm-2 surface area density or less. (ii) After the endpoint, the sodium amount in the SiO2 film increases markedly and eventually saturates at 1013–1014 cm-2. The sodium atoms in the SiO2 film migrate toward the SiO2/Si interface during over-ashing in O2 plasma. Ashing both in O2-CF4 plasma and in a metal shield cylinder are effective in reducing the sodium transportation rate and in preventing contamination.
Polyphenol, Ascorbic Acid and Total Carotenoid Contents in Common Fruits and Vegetables Teores de Polifenóis, Ácido Ascórbico e Carotenóides Totais em Frutas e Hortaliças Usualmente Consumidas

SUMMARY This study was carried out to determine the concentration of some bioactive phytochemicals in fifteen fruits and fifteen vegetables commonly consumed in Recife-PE, Brazil. For each fruit and vegetable, three samples collected in different months during a single year, were analysed individually in order to determine the amounts of ascorbic acid, total phenolics, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols and carotenoids. The results revealed concentrations ranging from 5.93 (chayote) to 348.31 mg 100g–1 (collard greens) for total phenolics; 0.32 (melon cv. “Espanhol”) to 76.83 mg 100g–1 (collard greens) for flavonols; 1.96 (mango cv. Espada) to 252.64 mg 100g–1 (banana cv. Pacovan) for proanthocyanidins; 8.36 (red onion) to 72.83 mg 100g–1 (red cabbage) for anthocyanins; 1.52 (melon cv. “Japones”) to 226.77 mg 100g–1 (cashew-apple) for ascorbic acid and 1.51 (red grape var. Patricia) to 95.08 µg g–1 (carrot) for carotenoids. Bioactive phytochemicals are widely distributed in these foods, although their concentrations are variable among the different types of fruits and vegetables. These results indicate that the fruits and vegetables evaluated may provide a potential source of dietary antioxidant and therefore their consumption must be stimulated.
Soil factors related to dissolved organic carbon concentrations in a Black Spruce Swamp, Michigan

Controls on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were examined through field and laboratory measurements of a Typic Haplaquod in Michigan. Average DOC concentration in the soil solution at 30-cm depth was 32 mg/L, and groundwater DOC concentration at 2-m depth was 18 mg/L. Oxidation-reduction (redox) potentials measured in the upper 30 cm of soil ranged from −220 mV to +500 mV, indicating the presence of both reduced and oxidized conditions at the site. Mineral soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 0.47% in the Bg horizon to 2.70% in the Bhs horizon. Citrate-dithionite extractable iron (Fe c/d ) ranged from 5.9 μg/g in the E horizon to 85.0 μg/g in the Bhs horizon
Effect of Processing on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Quinoa Flour (Chenopodium quinoa, Willd)

The nature and extent of the modification of starch in quinoa, caused by various processes like cooking and autoclaving of the seeds, drum drying of the flour and extrusion of the grits was investigated by measuring the physico-chemical properties - the water absorption, water solubility, swelling power, viscosity and degree of gelatinisation - of the processed samples. Autoclaved samples showed the lowest degree of gelatinisation (32.5% by DSC) of the starch, while the degree of gelatinisation of the precooked/drum dried samples was found to be 97.4% by DSC method. Higher polymer degradation was observed in cooked samples than in autoclaved samples as seen in the gel chromatographic separation. The water solubility in cooked samples (5.44 to 15.58) and in autoclaved samples (7.02 to 9.64) increased with the process time. In the extrusion process, the moisture content as well as the compression ratio was found to affect the degree of starch modification significantly (p <0.01).
Phase transition and self‐assembly in block copolymers

We focussed on the following two topics on block copolymers; (i) the Brazovskii effects, effects of thermal fluctuations on phase transition of systems having a short characteristic length L, and (ii) nanofabrication and nanohybrids based on block copolymer nanostructures. We highlight the following two aspects: Block copolymers provide good model systems for studies of basic physical science and are useful for advanced functional materials and devices.
Viscosity, Plasticity, and Diffusion as Examples of Absolute Reaction Rates

Since to form a hole the size of a molecule in a liquid requires almost the same increase in free energy as to vaporize a molecule, the concentration of vapor above the liquid is a measure of such ``molecular'' holes in the liquid. This provides an explanation of the law of rectilinear diameters of Cailletet and Mathias. The theory of reaction rates yields an equation for absolute viscosity applicable to cases involving activation energies where the usual theory of energy transfer does not apply. This equation reduces to a number of the successful empirical equations under the appropriate limiting conditions. The increase of viscosity with shearing stress is explained. The same theory yields an equation for the diffusion coefficient which when combined with the viscosity and applied to the results of Orr and Butler for the diffusion of heavy into light water gives a satisfactory and suggestive interpretation. The usual theories for diffusion coefficients and absolute electrical conductance should be repla.