Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Monitoring in Running Using Flexible Textile Wearable Sensors

Fatigue is a multifunctional and complex phenomenon that affects how individuals perform an activity. Fatigue during running causes changes in normal gait parameters and increases the risk of injury. To address this problem, wearable sensors have been proposed as an unobtrusive and portable system to measure changes in human movement as a result of fatigue. Recently, a category of wearable devices that has gained attention is flexible textile strain sensors because of their ability to be woven into garments to measure kinematics. This study uses flexible textile strain sensors to continuously monitor the kinematics during running and uses a machine learning approach to estimate the level of fatigue during running. Five female participants used the sensor-instrumented garment while running to a state of fatigue. In addition to the kinematic data from the flexible textile strain sensors, the perceived level of exertion was monitored for each participant as an indication of their actual fatigue level. A stacked random forest machine learning model was used to estimate the perceived exertion levels from the kinematic data. The machine learning algorithm obtained a root mean squared value of 0.06 and a coefficient of determination of 0.96 in participant-specific scenarios. This study highlights the potential of flexible textile strain sensors to objectively estimate the level of fatigue during running by detecting slight perturbations in lower extremity kinematics. Future iterations of this technology may lead to real-time biofeedback applications that could reduce the risk of running-related overuse injuries.
Cost of formulation for chicken meat noodles using whole wheat and rice flour

In present investigation the cost structure for chicken meat based noodles were studied. For the noodles preparation there were two recipes used, in first one lean meat was used alongwith rice flour, corn starch and table salt while in second recipes whole wheat flour was used for emulsion and dough preparation instead of rice flour. This dough was then extruded with the hand operated stainless steel extruder into the shape of noodles. These noodles were then subjected to the drying at 65±2°C for 7–8 hrs. There after these noodles were evaluated for qualities. The study revealed lower cost for whole wheat flours based chicken meat noodles having 30% chicken meat as compared to rice flour based chicken meat noodles having 50% chicken meat. As the type of flour changes and level of the chicken meat increases, the cost of noodles also increased. Therefore, to develop the chicken meat noodles, whole wheat flour was found more cost effective than rice flour based chicken meat noodles.
Specific c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor, JNK-IN-8 Suppresses Mesenchymal Profile of PTX-Resistant MCF-7 Cells through Modulating PI3K/Akt, MAPK and Wnt Signaling Pathways

Simple Summary Investigation into effective targets of drug resistance is important for identifying novel strategies in cancer therapy. The study aimed to determine the functional role of paclitaxel (PTX) resistance on MCF-7 cell survival related to PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Therefore, we generated PTX-resistant (PTX-res) MCF-7 cells exposed to increasing concentrations of PTX (5–100 nM) over a period of 6 months. Increased cell survival, proliferation, and colony formations were observed in PTX-res MCF-7 cells, while survival inhibition was determined in non-resistant wt cells. PTX-res MCF-7 cells appeared morphologically different from wt cells with their star-like shape which showed the mesenchymal characteristics of cells. Active PI3K/Akt signaling and increased motility were confirmed by upregulation of the EMT pathway members in PTX-res MCF-7 cells. We suggested that the active Akt signaling was related to the upregulated stress-mediated activation of MAPK signaling members, as shown by the significant p38 and SAPK/JNK activation in our results. To sensitize PTX-res MCF-7 cells we treated wt and PTX-res MCF-7 cells with specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, JNK-IN-8, and significant suppression on p38, SAPK/JNK expression was observed. Wnt signaling was highly affected by JNK inhibition. We concluded that JNK inhibition is a potential target to reverse PTX-resistance related to Wnt signaling. Abstract Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of breast cancer, and resistance to PTX is a common failure of breast cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the effective molecular targets in PTX-resistance gains importance in identifying novel strategies in successful breast cancer therapy approaches. The aim of the study was to investigate the functional role of PTX resistance on MCF-7 cell survival and proliferation related to PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. The generated PTX-resistant (PTX-res) MCF-7 cells showed enhanced cell survival, proliferation, and colony formation potential with decreased cell death compared to wt MCF-7 cells. PTX-res MCF-7 cells exhibited increased motility profile with EMT, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathway induction. According to the significant SAPK/JNK activation in PTX-res MCF-7 cells, specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor, JNK-IN-8 is shown to suppress the migration potential of cells. Treatment of JNK inhibitor suppressed the p38 and SAPK/JNK and Vimentin expression. However, the JNK inhibitor further downregulated Wnt signaling members in PTX-res MCF-7 cells. Therefore, the JNK inhibitor JNK-IN-8 might be used as a potential therapy model to reverse PTX-resistance related to Wnt signaling.
The Promise of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the Management of Early-Stage Colon Cancer: A Critical Review

Simple Summary Currently, the treatment for localized colon cancer consists of surgery and, if the presence of residual cancer cells is suspected, chemotherapy following the surgery. However, the current standard tools to determine the presence of residual cancer after the surgery are imprecise, which results in under- or overtreatment in a significant number of patients. Emerging research indicates that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can reveal the presence of residual cancer after surgery with much higher precision than the presently available tools, and can help with the treatment decision regarding a need for chemotherapy after the surgery. Furthermore, ctDNA can potentially help determine the effectiveness of chemotherapy and detect cancer recurrence much earlier than the current standard tools. In this review, we have critically evaluated available data to provide the readers with an overview of how ctDNA can potentially transform the treatment of localized colon cancer in the near future. Abstract The current standard treatment for patients with early-stage colon cancer consists of surgical resection, followed by adjuvant therapy in a select group of patients deemed at risk of cancer recurrence. The decision to administer adjuvant therapy, intended to eradicate the clinically inapparent minimal residual disease (MRD) to achieve a cure, is guided by clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumor. However, the risk stratification based on clinicopathologic characteristics is imprecise and results in under or overtreatment in a substantial number of patients. Emerging research indicates that the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a fraction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the bloodstream that originates from the neoplastic cells and carry tumor-specific genomic alterations, is a promising surrogate marker of MRD. Several recent studies suggest that ctDNA-guided risk stratification for adjuvant therapy outperforms existing clinicopathologic prognostic indicators. Preliminary data also indicate that, aside from being a prognostic indicator, ctDNA can inform on the efficacy of adjuvant therapy, which is the underlying scientific rationale for several ongoing clinical trials evaluating ctDNA-guided therapy escalation or de-escalation. Furthermore, serial monitoring of ctDNA after completion of definitive therapy can potentially detect cancer recurrence much earlier than conventional surveillance methods that may provide a critical window of opportunity for additional curative-intent therapeutic interventions. This article presents a critical overview of published studies that evaluated the clinical utility of ctDNA in the management of patients with early-stage colon cancer, and the potential of ctDNA to transform the adjuvant therapy strategies.
Artificial intelligence and the hunt for immunological disorders

Purpose of review Artificial intelligence has pervasively transformed many industries and is beginning to shape medical practice. New use cases are being identified in subspecialty domains of medicine and, in particular, application of artificial intelligence has found its way to the practice of allergy-immunology. Here, we summarize recent developments, emerging applications and obstacles to realizing full potential. Recent findings Artificial/augmented intelligence and machine learning are being used to reduce dimensional complexity, understand cellular interactions and advance vaccine work in the basic sciences. In genomics, bioinformatic methods are critical for variant calling and classification. For clinical work, artificial intelligence is enabling disease detection, risk profiling and decision support. These approaches are just beginning to have impact upon the field of clinical immunology and much opportunity exists for further advancement. Summary This review highlights use of computational methods for analysis of large datasets across the spectrum of research and clinical care for patients with immunological disorders. Here, we discuss how big data methods are presently being used across the field clinical immunology.
The effect of antiretroviral therapy guideline change on health outcomes among youth living with HIV in Uganda

ABSTRACT Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the primary cause of HIV-related morbidity and mortality. To reduce the risk, the ART eligibility criteria were revised to start treatment before advanced disease onset. We evaluated the effect of 2014 HIV clinical guideline changes in Uganda on opportunistic infections and survival among Youth Living with HIV (YLWH). This retrospective cohort analysis used administrative data from the District Health Information System (DHIS2) and the national referral hospital, to compare YLWH, 15–24 years old, who started ART pre-guideline (January 2012–June 2014) and post-guideline (July 2014–December 2016). We assessed the effect using multivariable logistic and Cox Proportional Hazards regression models, respectively. Post-guideline youth had 18% and 30% lower adjusted odds of having an OI at 6 (aOR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.67, 0.99), and 12 months (aOR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58, 0.85) after ART initiation, compared to pre-guideline youth. No significant differences were observed in survival probabilities (Z = 2.56, P-value = 0.11) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR: 1.55, 95%CI: 0.46, 5.28). Early ART initiation reduced the risk of OIs among YLWH. However, given the existence of geographical and clinical variations in the endemicity, morbidity and mortality associated with different OIs, additional research is still needed.
Activity Physiology of the Two-Striped Grasshopper, Melanoplus bivittatus: Gas Exchange, Hemolymph Acid-Base Status, Lactate Production, and the Effect of Temperature

We examined the effect of locomotion on the respiratory and acid-base physiology of the grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus. Escape hopping was characterized by high initial power output and gradual fatigue over 5 min. Increased O2, consumption was at least 10 times as important as lactate production to energy production during locomotion. Increased gas exchange during hopping was due to increased partial pressure gradients for gas diffusion rather than to increased tracheal conductance. Hopping was accompanied by a respiratory extracellular acidosis. During recovery grasshoppers ventilated rapidly, flushing accumulated CO2 and restoring depleted O2 stores. This resulted in gas exchange rates that were 14%–80% higher during recovery than during activity. A substantial portion of the O2 consumed during hopping (estimated as 35% at 20°C and 18% at 35°C) is obtained from tracheal O2, stores rather than from environmental air. Body temperature had relatively little effect on locomotor performance, aerobic scope, lactate accumulation, or hemolymph pH changes during activity (Q10's ranged from 1.0 to 1.4). However, recovery from hemolymph acidosis was faster at 35° C than at 20° C. The low tracheal conductances in active hoppers suggest an intrinsic constraint on ventilation during jumping.
Low bone mineral density in children and adolescents with cancer

Maximizing accumulation of bone mass during childhood and adolescence is essential to attaining optimal peak bone mass. Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than the general population. Chemotherapeutic agents including steroids and radiotherapy can affect BMD. Cancer itself, hormonal insufficiency, a poor nutritional state, and a deficit of physical activities during or after treatment also influence BMD in CCS, resulting in failure to achieve appropriate peak bone mass. Low BMD in childhood and adolescence can lead to osteoporosis in adult life and complications such as bone pain, bone deformity, and fractures. Thus, BMD in CCS should be monitored with appropriate intervention. Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D and an increase in physical activity are recommended. Timely supplements of hormones are needed in some cases. Some publications have reported that bisphosphonate therapies using pamidronate or alendronate were well tolerated in CCS and helped increase BMD.
Advances in Doped ZnO Nanostructures for Gas Sensor

Gas sensors based on metal oxides semiconductor (MOS) have attracted extensive attention from both academic and industry. ZnO, as a typical MOS, exhibits potential applications in toxic gas detection, owning to its wide band gap, n‐type transport characteristic and excellent electrical performance. Meanwhile, doping is an effective way to improve the sensing performance of ZnO materials. In this review, the effects of different types of doping on morphology, crystal structure, band gap and depletion layer of ZnO materials are comprehensively discussed. Theoretical analysis on the strategies for enhancing the sensing properties of ZnO is also provided. This review puts forward the reasonable insight for designing efficient n‐type ZnO‐based semiconductor oxide sensing materials.
Indirect effects of mosquito control using Bti on dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) in the Camargue

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) has become the most commonly used larvicide to control mosquitoes worldwide. Bti is considered non‐toxic to most organisms, except some Diptera such as chironomids, which are a major prey in wetland food webs. Although Odonata are important predators of mosquitoes and chironomids at the larval and adult stages, no study has ever considered the potential indirect effects of Bti on Odonata abundance through trophic interactions. We addressed this topic in the Camargue where 2500 of the 25 000 ha of mosquito larval biotopes are Bti‐sprayed (aqueous solution of VectoBac 12AS at 2.5 L ha−1) whenever mosquito larvae appear in water bodies (i.e. 30–50 aerial treatments overall annually). Adult Odonata were surveyed along a 100‐m line transect in spring, summer and autumn at three control and three treated sites over a 5‐year period. Mean number of species (9.9 vs. 5.2) and of individuals (100 vs. 50) detected per year were significantly higher in control areas compared to Bti‐sprayed areas. Bti treatment contributed to 87.3% of the explained variance in Odonata richness, compared to 2.9% for site, 6.8% for year and 3.0% for salinity effects. These results are coherent with other studies carried out in the same area and time period highlighting a lower abundance of chironomids, and a lower intake of odonates by breeding birds in treated areas. We conclude that mosquito control using Bti should be acknowledged as a potential threat to Odonata.
Distal Displacement of Maxillary Sinus Anterior Wall Versus Conventional Sinus Lift with Lateral Access: A 3-Year Retrospective Computerized Tomography Study

Background: The present study is designed to compare the outcomes of two sinus augmentation procedures: distal displacement of the anterior wall versus standard sinus lifting and grafting with a lateral window approach. Methods: In the displacement group, a localized surgical fracture of the sinus floor achieved through an electromagnetic device results in the distal displacement of the anterior wall. In the filling group, sinus lifting (with lateral access) and grafting with particulate xenogeneic bone substitute was performed. Bone volume beneath the maxillary sinus was investigated with computerized tomography after baseline and postoperative data superimposition. Clinical and radiological outcomes over three years had been evaluated. Results: Forty-three dental implants were selected. The two sinus lift procedures significantly increased the bone volume (p-value ≤ 0.0017) in the displacement group from 1.17 ± 0.34 to 1.53 ± 0.39 cc, with a final bone gain of +0.36 ± 0.17 cc, and in the filling group from 1.24 ± 0.41 to 1.94 ± 0.68 cc, with a bone augmentation of +0.71 ± 0.31 cc. No events of dental implant bulging into the maxillary sinus occurred. Two implants failed early on in the filling group, attesting the 3-year survival rate of 92.6% (CI95%: 82.7–100%). Marginal bone loss at the distal aspect was 1.66 ± 0.72 and 1.25 ± 0.78 mm, respectively, for the displacement and filling groups, with a significant difference (p-value = 0.0497). Conclusion: Results showed a significant and effective bone gain around dental implants at a 3-year survey for both sinus augmented by backward displacement of the anterior wall (+34%) and sinus lifting and grafting with a lateral window approach (+57%).
Quercetin Phytosome® as a potential drug for Covid-19.

When looking for new antiviral compounds aimed to counteract the COVID-19, a disease caused by the recently identified novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the knowledge of the main viral proteins is fundamental. The major druggable targets of SARS-CoV-2 include 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent 26 RNA polymerase, and spike (S) protein. Molecular docking studies have highlighted that quercetin, a natural polyphenol belonging to the flavonol class, inhibits 3CLpro, PLpro and S proteins. Biophysical technics have then very recently confirmed that quercetin is reasonably a potent inhibitor of 3CLpro. The likely antiviral properties of quercetin are anyway challenged by its very poor oral bioavailability profile and any attempt to overcome this limit should be welcome. A phospholipid complex of quercetin (Quercetin Phytosome®) has been recently tested in humans to evaluate a possible improvement in oral bioavailability. After hydrolysis of the conjugated form (mainly glucuronide) of quercetin found in human plasma, the pharmacokinetics results have demonstrated an increased bioavailability rate by about 20-fold for total quercetin. It has been also observed that the presence of specific glucuronidase could yield free systemic quercetin in human body. Taking also into considerations its anti-inflammatory and thrombin-inhibitory actions, a bioavailable form of quercetin, like Quercetin Phytosome®, should be considered a possible candidate to clinically face COVID-19.
EFFECT OF EXTRA POTASSIUM SUPPLY ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CORN OIL IN DEFICIT IRRIGATION CONDITIONS: (SECTION B)

The study investigates the influence of extra potassium application and deficit irrigation on fatty acid composition of corn oils. The field experiment was conducted with split plot design with three replications in Aydin location of Turkey in 2013. 31G98, 31D24 and NK-Arma corn varieties were grown with three different supplies as non-fertilization, standard fertilization (210 kg.ha -1 pure N, 60 kg.ha -1 pure P, 60 kg.ha -1 pure K 60 kg.ha -1 (NH4NO3, P2O5 and K2O with 15-15-15 composite before planting and H2NCONH2 - 150 kg.ha -1 with urea before first water)) and extra potassium (standard fertilization +60 kg.ha -1 K2SO4) and three irrigation doses (500 mm, 400 mm and 300 mm) during development stages ((8 leaf stage (V8), before Tasselling (VT), after blister, milk stage and dough stage)). Corn oil samples were obtained from corn seeds by soxhelet extraction using n-hexane and assessed for their fatty acid composition with a gas chromatograph. The data obtained from studies has shown that extra potassium application and deficit irrigation have significantly effected to fatty acid rates of corn oil of all varieties. Main fatty acids were linoleic, oleic and palmitic and ranged between 52.56-63.60%, 20.56-28.06%, 9.32-14.01% respectively. Besides heptadecanoic, linolenic, arachidic, stearic and eicosenoic acids were determined in small amounts. Extra potassium application increased linoleic (18:2), linolenic (18:3) and eicosenoic (20:1) but decreased palmitic (16:0), heptadecanoic (17:0), stearic (18:0) and oleic (18:1) fatty acid ratios. Deficit irrigation increased palmitic, linoleic and eicosenoic fatty acids, but decreased stearic, oleic, linolenic and arachidic acids. �