Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diclofenac sodium for post‐tonsillectomy pain in children

Diclofenac sodium was assessed as an analgesic for postoperative pain following paediatric tonsillectomy in a randomised double blind trial. In a comparison made with both a pethidine and a control group diclofenac was shown to be an effective analgesic. No significant difference in analgesic efficacy was demonstrated between the two drugs, although patients who received diclofenac tended to be less drowsy postoperatively than those who received pethidine. There were no significant differences between the two drugs in respect of time to awaken from anaesthesia or incidence of postoperative vomiting.
Electrical Properties of Silicon Nanowire Fabricated by Patterning and Oxidation Process

We are reporting electrical properties of Si nanowire field-effect transistors with a Schottky barrier formed at the electrodes. The channel widths are varied using a top-down process of electron-beam patterning followed by surface oxidation from a few micrometers to the sub-10-nm level. The field-effect mobility increases gradually with decreasing channel width to 20 nm. On the other hand, the mobility decreases drastically when the channel width is smaller than 20 nm. The mobility enhancement is attributed to the stress build up during the oxidation of nanowire, while the drastic mobility degradation observed below a 20-nm linewidth is attributed to the surface scattering of electrons caused by the high surface/volume ratio of nanowire. The highest mobility value was obtained at a 20-nm linewidth with a value of ~1270 cm2/Vs.
The postweaning rise of tonic luteinizing hormone secretion in anestrous cows is not prevented by chronic milking or the physical presence of the calf.

The objective of the following study was to examine the ability of frequent milking, the physical presence of the calf, and their combination to prevent a postweaning rise in tonic luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, estrus, and ovulation. Thirty Hereford cows were allowed to suckle their calves ad libitum until 17-21 days post partum and confirmed as anestrus. They were then assigned alternately by order of calving to 1 of 5 treatment groups: (1) Suckled (S) ad libitum; (2) Nonsuckled (NS)--calf removed for 102 h; (3) Nonsuckled--calf present (NSC)--calf remained with cow, but muzzled to prevent suckling for 102 h; (4) Nonsuckled--milked 8 times a day (NSM)--calf removed for 102 h and cow hand-milked for 10 min every 2 h from 0700 to 2100 h; (5) Nonsuckled--calf present--milked 8 times a day (NSMC)--combination of 3 and 4. Luteinizing hormone secretion patterns, estrous activity, and ovulation were monitored throughout the experiment. Prior to treatment (Day 0), mean pulse frequency (pulses/6 h), mean concentrations (ng/ml), and median concentrations (ng/ml) of LH did not differ (p greater than 0.45) between groups, and were 0.7 +/- 0.15, 2.8 +/- 0.14, and 2.6 +/- 0.11, respectively. Marked rises (p less than 0.01--p less than 0.03) in LH pulse frequency were observed in all groups except S between 48 and 54 h after onset of treatment. Mean and median concentrations of LH were lower (p less than 0.02) in S cows than in all other groups at 48-54 h. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distinct Natural Killer Cells in HIV-Exposed Seronegative Subjects With Effector Cytotoxic CD56dim and CD56bright Cells and Memory-Like CD57+NKG2C+CD56dim Cells

Background:Innate immunity, including natural killer (NK) cells, may play a significant role in maintaining natural resistance to infection in highly HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) subjects. The differences between NK-cell subsets, regarding their activating/maturing marker expression and their memory markers, in HESN subjects are not fully defined. Methods:We have conducted an analysis of the activating/memory markers and intracellular CD107a and interferon &ggr; (IFN-&ggr;) expression in NK-cell subsets from HESN and HIV-infected and healthy subjects. Results:HESN individuals showed an increased expression of activating markers, such as NKG2D in CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, and an increased frequency of CD56brightCD127+ and fully mature CD56dimCD57+ NK cells compared with HIV-infected patients and healthy control subjects. Of note, HESN individuals showed an increased frequency of memory CD56dimCD57+ NK cells, and this is known to be expanded on cytomegalovirus infection, as evidenced by their high rate of cytomegalovirus seropositivity. Simultaneous expression of the CD94, NKG2A, NKG2C, and NKG2D receptors on CD56bright NK cells was detected in HESN subjects, whereas in the HIV-1 group, the expression of these 4 receptors was enhanced in CD56dim NK cells. It was also found that CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells in HESN subjects showed increased CD107a and/or IFN-&ggr; expression. Conclusions:The NK cells from HESN individuals presented a unique activation profile, with increased expression of NKG2D, CD107a, and IFN-&ggr; and “memory” CD57+CD56dim NK cells. The complex network of functional NK-cell activities in HESN individuals may be exploited for long-term protection through vaccination.
β-Globin Intergenic Transcription and Histone Acetylation Dependent on an Enhancer

ABSTRACT Histone acetyltransferases are associated with the elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complex, supporting the idea that histone acetylation and transcription are intertwined mechanistically in gene coding sequences. Here, we studied the establishment and function of histone acetylation and transcription in noncoding sequences by using a model locus linking the β-globin HS2 enhancer and the embryonic ε-globin gene in chromatin. An intact HS2 enhancer that recruits RNA Pol II is required for intergenic transcription and histone H3 acetylation and K4 methylation between the enhancer and target gene. RNA Pol II recruitment to the target gene TATA box is not required for the intergenic transcription or intergenic histone modifications, strongly implying that they are properties conferred by the enhancer. However, Pol II recruitment at HS2, intergenic transcription, and intergenic histone modification are not sufficient for transcription or modification of the target gene: these changes require initiation at the TATA box of the gene. The results suggest that intergenic and genic transcription complexes are independent and possibly differ from one another.
Emotional Sensitivity in Human-Computer Interaction

Abstract Human conversational partners usually try to interpret the speaker´s or listener´s affective cues and respond to them accordingly. Recently, the modelling and simulation of such behaviours has been recognized as an essential factor for more natural man-machine communication. The implicit emotion channels of human communication such as speech, facial expression, gesture, and physiological responses are used in general to extract emotion-relevant features for the computational perception of emotion. So far, research on emotion recognition has mostly dealt with offline analysis of recorded emotion corpora, and online processing (in realtime or near realtime) has hardly been addressed. Online processing is, however, a necessary prerequisite for the realization of human-computer interfaces that analyze and respond to the user´s emotions while he or she is interacting with an application. In this paper, we first describe how we recognize emotions from various modalities including speech, gestures and biosignals. We then present Smart Sensor Integration (SSI), a framework which we developed to meet the specific requirements of online emotion recognition. Zusammenfassung Menschliche Gesprächspartner versuchen in der Regel, emotionale Regungen ihres Gegenübers zu erkennen und entsprechend darauf zu reagieren. Mit dem Ziel, die Mensch-Maschine Interaktion einfacher und natürlicher zu gestalten, beschäftigen sich zunehmend Forschergruppen damit, emotionales Verhalten maschinell zu simulieren. Zur maschinellen Erkennung der Emotion werden die impliziten Kommunikationskanäle menschlicher Emotion wie z. B. Sprache, Gesichtsausdruck, Gesten und physiologische Reaktionen am häufigsten verwendet, um affektive Merkmale zu extrahieren. Allerdings konzentrierte sich die Forschung bisher auf die Offline-Analyse emotionaler Korpora, und eine Online-Verarbeitung (in Echtzeit oder Nah-Echtzeit) wurde selten angestrebt. Eine Integration von Methoden zur Erkennung von Emotionen in praktische Anwendungen setzt jedoch voraus, dass ein System in der Lage ist, auf Emotionen eines menschlichen Nutzers zu reagieren, während dieser mit dem System interagiert. In diesem Papier skizzieren wir zunächst, wie Emotionen aus Sprache, Gestik und Biosignalen erkannt werden können. Anschließend stellen wir Smart Sensor Integration (SSI) vor, ein Werkzeug, das auf die besonderen Bedürfnisse der Online-Emotionserkennung zugeschnitten ist.
34 An Analysis of Physicians ’ Attitudes

Despite the promise of medical computing innovations, many health care professionals have expressed skepticism about the computer’s role as an aid to clinicians. A number of barriers have been noted. For example, Friedman and Gustafson (1977) have suggested that system designers tend to develop systems that are neither convenient for physicians nor responsive to their needs. Glantz (1978) has questioned the trade-off in costs and benefits for most medical computing applications, including computerassisted consultations. Schwartz (1970) has noted that physicians are wary of formal decision aids because they perceive such tools to be a threat to their jobs and to their professional stature. He has also suggested that physicians are concerned about their ability to learn how to use computer systems (Schwartz, 1979), but that they simultaneously fear the prospect of being "left behind" if they fail to keep current. Other observers (Eisenberg, 1974; Weizenbaum, 1976) have questioned the role of computers as clinical consultation systems, suggesting that computer-based consultants may be an inappropriate use of computing technology that will inevitably degrade and debase the human function. Observations such as these are generally based on personal experience without benefit of formal studies of physicians’ attitudes. The few available studies have sought physicians’ opinions regarding computing technology in general, but have tended not to specifically examine attitudes regarding the clinical introduction of computers. One early study (Mayne et al., 1968) found little physician interest or faith in the role of computing technology. However, Startsman and Robinson (1972) and others (Day, 1970; Resnikoff
Adsorption of Glycosaminoglycans to the Cell Surface Is Responsible for Cellular Donnan Effects

In previous publications, we showed that extracellular glycosaminoglycans reduced the membrane potential, caused cell blebbing and swelling and decreased the intracellular pH independently of cell surface receptors. These phenomena were explained by Donnan effects. The effects were so large that they could not be attributed to glycosaminoglycans in solution. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that glycosaminoglycans were concentrated on the cell membrane and analysed the mechanism of adsorption by fluorescent hyaluronan, chondroitin sulphate and heparin. The influence of the CD44 receptor was evaluated by comparing CD44 expressing human fibroblasts with CD44 deficient HEK cells. Higher amounts of glycosaminoglycans adsorbed to fibroblasts than to HEK cells. When the membrane potential was annihilated by substituting NaCl by KCl in the medium, adsorption was reduced and intracellular pH decrease was abolished. To eliminate other cellular interfering factors, potential‐dependent adsorption was demonstrated for hyaluronan which adsorbed to inert gold foils in physiological salt concentrations at pH 7.2 and surface potentials up to 120 mV. From these results, we conclude that large cellular Donnan effects of glycosaminoglycans results from receptor mediated, hydrophobic and ionic adsorption to cell surfaces. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1334–1341, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of water-soluble coenzyme Q10 on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs

Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that coenzyme Q10 reduces cochlear oxidative stress induced by acoustic overstimulation. Objective. We investigated the effects of coenzyme Q10 on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Materials and methods. Animals received water-soluble coenzyme Q10 intraperitoneally 2 h before noise exposure. Seven days after noise exposure (130 dB sound pressure level for 3 h), the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shift and cochlear hair cell damage were assessed. Results. We observed that the ABR threshold shift was significantly less in the coenzyme Q10 group than in the vehicle control group. In addition, the percentage of missing outer hair cells was lower in the coenzyme Q10 group than in the control group. Moreover, 2 days after administration of coenzyme Q10, increased antioxidative activity in the cochlea, as measured by analysis of hydroxy radical scavenging activity by electron spin resonance was observed.
YIG Resonator Circuit with Isolator Property and its Application to Gunn Diode Oscillator

This paper presents analysis and experiments of a newly developed YIG resonator circuit with isolator property, which is constructed with a YIG sphere, a 3 dB directional coupler and three coupling loops. The paper then goes on to describe experiments of a magnetically tunable Gunn diode oscillator with the YIG circuit. It has been confirmed that the YIG circuit applied to a tunable oscillator is useful in frequency pulling and in the variation of output power level.
Essential role of estrogen for improvements in vascular endothelial function with endurance exercise in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE In contrast to age-matched men, endurance exercise training is not consistently associated with enhanced endothelial function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. We determined whether endurance exercise training improves endothelial function in postmenopausal women treated with estrogen. In a substudy, we determined if oxidative stress is mechanistically linked to endothelial function adaptations to endurance exercise training. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured in 36 sedentary, estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women (45-65 y) at study entry (baseline), after 12 weeks of either placebo, oral (1 mg/d) estradiol, or transdermal estradiol (0.05 mg/d) (randomized), and after an additional 12 weeks of continued estradiol or placebo treatment with concurrent endurance exercise training. In subgroups of women, FMD also was measured during the infusion of ascorbic acid at baseline and following estradiol/placebo plus endurance exercise training, and in seven habitually endurance-trained estrogen-deficient controls. RESULTS FMD increased in the estrogen-treated groups (both P < .01) after 12 weeks and remained unchanged in placebo. FMD further increased following 12 weeks of endurance exercise training in estrogen-treated (both P < .025), but not placebo-treated women (P = .55). In the substudy, baseline FMD was similar between sedentary and endurance-trained controls. Ascorbic acid increased FMD at baseline in sedentary women and endurance-trained controls, and following endurance exercise training in placebo-treated, but not in estrogen-treated women. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen status appears to play an important modulatory role in improvements in endothelial function with endurance exercise training in postmenopausal women. The restored endurance exercise training adaptation in estrogen-treated postmenopausal women may be related to mitigation of oxidative stress.
Human amebic dysentery. Electron microscopy of Entamoeba histolytica contacting, ingesting, and digesting inflammatory cells.

Abstract Biopsy samples from human cases of amebiasis were studied by electron microscopy. Numerous inflammatory cells passed through flattened or damaged epithelium into the colonic lumen. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes were eaten and digested by amebae, as in the well-known ingestion of red blood cells. Ingested inflammatory cells have apparently not been recognized because one of the first changes, preceding loss of external membranes in food vacuoles, is loss of nuclear affinity for stain. Inflammatory cell ingestion seems to be characteristic of amebae causing human dysentery. Inflammatory cells do not effectively limit amebic activities and may even contribute to host damage. Cytotoxic materials could be released directly by lysis of uneaten cells or might pass through the amebae and be released (possibly altered) from excretory vacuoles.
Novel Approach to Pavement Cracking Automatic Detection Based on Segment Extending

Pavement distress detection is the base of highway maintenance. With crack being the main distress in the actual pavement surface, digital image processing has been widely applied to cracking recognition recently. Since most cracks in actual pavement surface images are disconnected and unclear, image processing methods on pixel or connected domain level couldnpsilat identify cracks correctly and entirely. To resolve this problem, a novel cracking automatic detection approach based on segment extending for complex pavement images is proposed. By analyzing the relationship between connected domains, interrelated segments are connected to form a crack and the character of crack direction could be better used in cracking recognition. Actual pavement images are used to verify the performance of this method, and the results show that the surface crack could be identified correctly and automatically.
Moving embedded figures test.

Abstract The Moving Embedded Figures Test (MEFT) is a 20-min., 16-mm. , individually administered filmed test, designed for use in movement behavior research. It assesses elementary school aged children's perception of embedded figures that appear to move away from stationary backgrounds. Construction, administration, and scoring procedures are described. Findings from data collected on 80 subjects are reported and discussed.
The role for liver biopsy in haemophiliacs infected with the hepatitis C virus

Assessment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection requires a liver biopsy in most circumstances. There is a reluctance to perform liver biopsy in haemophiliacs because of a perceived risk of haemorrhage, although with adequate factor concentrate replacement in patients without factor concentrate inhibitors it should be safe. We report a 4‐year experience of liver biopsy in patients with haemophilia infected with chronic hepatitis C virus. Of 55 patients seropositive for anti‐HCV, 35 have undergone liver biopsy; the median age of this group was 33 years (range 13–68). Seven patients had a normal liver. 22 had portal tract inflammation, four with lymphoid aggregates. Mild piecemeal necrosis was observed in only two and no bile duct injury was found. 11 patients had mild mixed micro‐ and macro‐vesicular fat. 19 patients had no evidence of fibrosis despite an estimated median duration of disease of 20 years (range 8–43). In the remaining 16 patients the maximum degree of fibrosis achieved was stage III. Patients with more significant fibrosis could not be identified on the basis of ALT or HCV RNA. There were no complications of liver biopsy in this series. Liver biopsy following a well‐defined protocol in chronic hepatitis C virus haemophiliac carriers is safe in the absence of factor concentrate inhibitors. In this young group of patients without HIV infection there was no evidence of significant liver disease despite a considerable duration of disease. Performing liver biopsy allows accurate information to be given to the patient and avoids unnecessary therapy. The relative youth of this group may be important in the light of the benign histology.
Determining the Type of Long Bone Fractures in X-Ray Images

Computer-aided diagnosis is a very active field of research. Specifically, using medical images to generate a quick and accurate diagnosis can save time, effort and cost as well as reduce errors. Previous works have considered the problem of detecting the existence of fractures in long bones using x-ray images. In addition to the existence of fractures, this paper considers the problem of determining the fracture type. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work to address this problem. After preprocessing the images, we extract distinguishing features and use them with different classification algorithms to detect the existence of a fracture along with its type (if one exists). The experiments we conduct show that the proposed system is very accurate and efficient. Key–Words: X-Ray Images, Long Bone Fracture, Machine Learning, Image Processing
Lung mechanics in infants with left‐to‐right shunt congenital heart disease

To clarify which hemodynamic measurement correlates best with lung mechanics in infants with congenital heart disease and left‐to‐right shunts, dynamic pulmonary function tests and echocardiography were performed in 26 infants with such disease (study infants) and in 37 normal, healthy infants (control infants). The tidal volume and pulmonary compliance (CL) were lower and airway resistance higher in infants with congenital heart disease than in control infants. A significant correlation was demonstrated between CL, expiratory resistance (Re), and the right pulmonary artery‐to‐aortic size ratio (RPA/DAO). CL and Re also correlated well with the corrected acceleration time √RR ratio (ACT/√RR: ACT, acceleration time and RR: length of the cardiac cycle) of pulmonary flow velocity. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that RPA/DAO correlated best with both CL and Re. It is concluded that infants with congenital heart disease and left‐to‐right shunts have lower lung compliance and higher expiratory airway resistance than normal children, and that RPA/DAO is the echocardiographic parameter that correlates best with the changes in lung mechanics. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1996; 21:42–47. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coenzyme Q10 Administration Suppresses both Oxidative and Antioxidative Markers in Hemodialysis Patients

Background: Increased oxidative stress is associated with various complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: We examined the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administration on the plasma oxidative products and antioxidant capacity in 36 HD patients for 6 months. Results: The advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde and the percentage of ubiquinone in total CoQ10 were significantly higher in HD patients than in healthy subjects before administration (0 month). Oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), indicators of total antioxidant capacity, were also paradoxically higher in the HD patients at 0 month. AOPP and the percentage of ubiquinone significantly decreased during CoQ10 administration, but increased again after the discontinuation. ORAC and TEAC were also decreased during CoQ10 administration. Conclusion: The CoQ10 administration was partially effective for suppressing the oxidative stress in HD patients. The unexpected decrease of ORAC and TEAC by CoQ10 seemed to be associated with a decreased oxidative stress.