Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Processing a second language: Late learners''comprehension mechanisms as revealed by event-related b

Sentence comprehension in second language (L2) learners was examined using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Native Japanese speakers who had learned German as a second language after puberty listened to German sentences which were either correct, semantically incorrect, syntactically incorrect or both semantically and syntactically incorrect. Brain responses were registered while participants listened to these sentences. Grammaticality judgments required after each sentence revealed that their overall performance was not perfect but clearly above chance. When comparing the L2-learners' brain responses to those of native listeners, a variety of differences were observed. Whereas semantically incorrect sentences showed an ERP pattern similar to that of native listeners (a centro-parietal N400-effect), correct sentences elicited a greater positivity in L2-learners than in native listeners, possibly in reflection of greater difficulties in syntactic integration. For sentences containing a phrase structure violation, L2-learners did not show significant modulations of the syntax-related ERP components usually seen in native listeners (i.e. the early anterior negativity and the P600). Furthermore, sentences containing a pure semantic or a combined syntactic and semantic violation elicited a late right anterior-central negativity, an effect which has not been observed for native language processing. The topography of the effect may suggest that these additional processes are based on conceptual-semantic rather than on lexical-semantic aspects.
How Research Physicists and High-School Physics Teachers Deal with the Scientific Explanation of a Physical Phenomenon.

There is a need to integrate the segregated perspective underlying research on scientific conceptions. Insights from scientists can provide information about the essential components of ideal knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate how researchers and teachers deal with scientific explanation. Three research physicists and five secondary physics teachers were asked to explain the Newton's Cradle demonstration. Written answers and follow up interviews were analyzed. All the respondents viewed the events as a series of collisions and related the phenomenon to the concepts of energy and momentum; however the arguments proposed as explanations differed in depth and in complexity. Results suggest that the differences in performances were related to: (1) the perceived purpose of the explanation and its nature; (2) the number of paradigms invoked for possible ways to describe the events; (3) the specification of assumptions underlying facts or data statements; (4) the examination of assumptions made to determine initial conditions; (5) the choice of variables and unknowns; (6) the proper application of scientific principles; and (7) the assessment of the entire argument in view of the acceptability of the underlying model and assumptions. Contains 29 references. (Author/LZ) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *****************************************************"***************** How Research Physicists and High-SchOol Physics Teachers Deal with the Scientific Explanation of a Physical Phenomenon Judith R Edgington and James P. Barufaldi Science Education Center EDB 340 The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712 512-471-7354 E Mail: jurev@tenet.edu "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Ouk.11. -nA 6=1)1 N 63701.1 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " U.11. 01PRITTRINT OP 10MCATION 0c ot Educator. Rstch and Interowmnt EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Intl OCurI hes been reetodoced ee mewed Item Ih Deleon 01 otommenon otonebng . t Moot Menges nave been made to WMare reforOduCtio WW1, Poems et view a eentant Rated tot due dm mem do not nematode reagent 0/1410 OEM passion of RAO Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching San Francisco, April 22 25, 1995
Restauration avec Filtrage Explicite des Images Numeriques

Restoration of the blurry and noisy digital images is a very active research area in image processing. The deconvo- lution, in the presence of noise, is well known to be an ill-posed problem. This paper introduces a novel approach composed of two optimized sequential steps of processing: noise reduction followed by deconvolution. In the first step, the denoising filter and the number of iteration are chosen in order to obtain the best value of the usual criteria and the good recovering of the blurry image. We assume that the statistics of the noise are previously estimated. In the second step, a deconvolution method is applied on an almost noise free version of the blurry image. Compared with the classical deconvolution methods, the numerical experiments of the proposed method, appear to give significant improvement. The preliminary results for the new cascade approach are very encouraging as well.
On the Principles and Future of COM featuring The Random Dot Stereoimage Technology

Summary This work is an application to the component-based principle of software development, using COM - Component Object Model from Microsoft. Initially there is an analysis and description of the basic principles of COM, where after the documentation of a complete Windows application is presented. The application is developed in C++ and is based on and an example of the initial COM theory, at the same time applying the overall principles of Software Engineering. Specifically, the application is an RDS (Random Dot Stereoimage) generator, which with help of mathematics in three dimensions and DirectX creates true threedimensional images on the screen, which is possible due to the stereo vision of Man. The result is a synthesis of theory and practise into a coherent picture of the present and future principles of component-based software development, and its pros and cons.
It's about time: Temporal aspects of cognitive processes in text production

CHAPTER 1 TRACKING WRITING IN REAL TIME. 1 Introduction. 2 Pause patterns in written text production: research questions. 3 The cognitive status of pauses. 4 The Knowledge Telling model of writing. 5 Real-time research on text production. 6 Dictation as a mode of text production. 7 Overview. CHAPTER 2 KNOWLEDGE TELLING AS A COGNITIVE PROCESS. 1 Introduction. 2 Two models of composing. 3 Declarative knowledge components. 4 Human cognition and human cognitive processing: ACT* theory. 5 Production pauses in ACT*. 6 Routine letter production. 7 Conclusions. CHAPTER 3 THE DISTRIBUTION OF PAUSE TIME IN TEXT PRODUCTION. 1 General introduction. 2 Research questions. 3 Psycholinguistic research on pause patterns. 4 Sampling and preparation of materials. 5 Analysis I: proportions of pauses. 6 Analysis II: durations of pauses. 7 Analysis III: hierarchical and linear aspects of pause durations. 8 General discussion. CHAPTER 4 TEXT STRUCTURE AND WRITING PAUSES. 1 Introduction. 2 Text analysis and text production research. 3 The analysis of hierarchical text structure. 4 Pause patterns and hierarchical structure. 5 Sampling and preparation of materials. 6 Analyses. 7 Summary and conclusions. CHAPTER 5 TOWARDS AN ACCESSIBILITY THEORY OF TEXT PRODUCTION. 1 Introduction. 2 A theory of attention and processing hierarchical networks. 3 Additive structures in discourse. 4 Explaining pause time distribution. 5 Attention processes in causal structures. 6 Closing remarks. CHAPTER 6 PAUSES, SYNTACTIC SCHEMAS AND SENTENCE PRODUCTION. 1 Introduction. 2 Pausing data. 3 Incremental Procedural Grammar. 4 A Usage Based approach to the Mental Grammar. 5 The processing relevance of schemas. 6 Schema activation. 7 Concluding remarks. CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 1 Introduction. 2 Summary. 3 Some aspects of the scope of the study. 4 On the construct validity of pausological research on language production. 5 Reconstructing conceptual processes in text production. 6 Final remarks. Bibliography. Authors index.
Designing a Web Interface for Nonlinear Analysis of Chaotic Oscillators

Chaotic applications recently have been used in various fields and studies. Analysis of chaotic oscillator models requires strong mathematical background for nonlinear differential equation solution tools and iterative methods. In this context we can say that MATLAB is a widely used strong computational environment for research and development projects. MATLAB has also enhanced toolboxes and is flexible environment for web platforms. Especially after releasing Deployment Project Toolbox, MATLAB simulations and calculation capabilities have generously been transferred into web environments especially using WebFigureControl component. In this study, we target to model and analyze fundamental chaotic oscillators by using web tools. Among many oscillators, we have focused on Lu’s system oscillators both modeling and analyzing as a case study. With this study we aim to satisfy calculation capability of basic chaotic models using web medias and make chaotic models more observable and understandable. Keywords: Lu’s system, web interface, chaotic oscillator, webfigurecontrol, non-linear analysis, periodic orbits;
Task Analysis Methods for Instructional Design

Contents: Introduction. Part I: Task Analysis Processes. What Is Task Analysis? Selecting Tasks for Analysis. Classifying Knowledge and Skills From Task Analysis. Part II: Job, Procedural, and Skill Analysis Methods. Task Description. Procedural Analysis. Job Task Analysis. Functional Job Analysis. Part III: Instructional and Guided Learning Analysis Methods. Learning Hierarchy (Prerequisites) Analysis. Information Processing Analysis. Learning Contingency Analysis. Part IV: Cognitive Task Analysis Methods. Goals, Operators, Methods, & Selection (GOMS). Prediction, Actions, Results, Interpretation (PARI). Decompose, Network, and Assess (DNA). Cognitive Simulations. Case-Based Reasoning. Part V: Activity-Based Methods. Activity Theory. Syntactic Analysis. Critical Incident/Critical Decision Methods. Task Knowledge Structures. Part VI: Subject Matter/Content Analysis Methods. Conceptual Graph Analysis. Master Design Chart. Matrix Analysis. Repertory Grid Technique. Fault Tree Analysis. Part VII: Knowledge Elicitation Techniques. Documentation Analysis. Observation. Survey Questionnaires. Interviews. Think-Aloud Protocols. Unstructured Group Interviews: Focus Groups and Brainstorming. Structured Group Interviews: Delphi Technique.
Prototipo de la Tecnología IPTV mediante un Servidor de Contenidos Multimedia en Linux

La comunicacion a traves de dispositivos IP ha evolucionado notablemente en los ultimos anos, llevando a la industria a ampliar la gama de productos IP disponibles. El presente trabajo se enfoca en la transmision de television por cable o por aire que actualmente se encuentra en constante evolucion para ofrecer mas servicios a los televidentes, como la posibilidad de retroceder, avanzar, pausar y grabar lo que estan viendo. Esto tambien se lo puede realizar a traves de una red de area local, es decir, a traves de la tecnologia de IPTV, para lo cual se requiere un servidor de contenidos multimedia que transmita la senal a traves del cable de red, y dispositivos llamados set top box que reciban dicha senal, la decodifiquen y la envien a traves de un cable RCA o HDMI hacia un televisor comun y corriente. Este proceso permite seleccionar al administrador del servicio o del servidor los contenidos multimedia que seran transmitidos hacia los hosts, y ademas permite que el usuario final seleccione la pelicula, documental, video musical, o cualquier contenido disponible en el mismo. Finalmente, el administrador del servidor puede transmitir canales de television y seleccionar la programacion de los mismos, es decir una cola de videos que seran transmitidos de manera continua y podran ser receptados por cualquier set top box conectado en la red.
How Machines Think: A General Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Learning about artificial intelligence is particularly problematic for the non-computer specialist. Delving deep into the complexities of the programming principles involved in simulating thought processes often serves to mystify rather than enlighten those who need to build up a practical and working knowledge of AI. How Machines Think takes a unique approach, aiming to introduce those without a mathematical or scientific background to key AI concepts. Programming details are given in PROLOG (using the most universally accepted and clearest version of this AI language) but with parallel plain English versions, so the book can be read in either language. 'Moving' cut-out examples of key programming ideas are supplied, graphically illustrating 'how' the programs work. Complex working systems which are producing impressive results are explained simply and the philosophical issues surrounding the attempts to imbue computers with 'intelligence' are discussed clearly and concisely.
Lower Bounds on Generic Broadcast Algorithms

This paper establishes tight lower bounds on the time complexity of algorithms solving the generic broadcast problem. Generic broadcast assumes a symmetric, non-reflexive conflict relation on the set of messages, and requires ordered delivery only for conflicting messages. The lower bounds established in this paper relate the resilience of generic broadcast algorithms (i.e., the total number of failures f the algorithms can tolerate) to their time complexity in runs in which oracles are not used. The paper shows that (a) to deliver messages in one round, no failures can be tolerated, (b) to deliver messages in two rounds, at most f < n/3 failures can be tolerated, where n is the number of processes in the system, and (c) to deliver messages in three rounds, at most f < n/2 failures can be tolerated.
Grammatik--Lehren, Lernen, Verstehen : Zugänge zur Grammatik des Gegenwartsdeutschen

This volume gives an up-to-date view of international research on the practice and theory of language teaching. It shows the relevance of grammar research to the demands of language teaching today, set between German lessons, teacher training and study of the German language. It also contributes to a confrontation of established views of grammar work at school and in lessons with current linguistic approaches.
Non-Life Insurance Mathematics: An Introduction with Stochastic Processes

This book offers a mathematical introduction to non-life insurance and, at the same time, to a multitude of applied stochastic processes. It gives detailed discussions of the fundamental models for claim sizes, claim arrivals, the total claim amount, and their probabilistic properties. Throughout the book the language of stochastic processes is used for describing the dynamics of an insurance portfolio in claim size space and time. In addition to the standard actuarial notions, the reader learns about the basic models of modern non-life insurance mathematics: the Poisson, compound Poisson and renewal processes in collective risk theory and heterogeneity and Buhlmann models in experience rating.The reader gets to know how the underlying probabilistic structures allow one to determine premiums in a portfolio or in an individual policy. Special emphasis is given to the phenomena which are caused by large claims in these models. What makes this book special are more than 100 figures and tables illustrating and visualizing the theory. Every section ends with extensive exercises. They are an integral part of this course since they support the access to the theory. The book can serve either as a text for an undergraduate/graduate course on non-life insurance mathematics or applied stochastic processes. Its content is in agreement with the European "Groupe Consultatif" standards. An extensive bibliography, annotated by various comments sections with references to more advanced relevant literature, make the book broadly and easiliy accessible.
Algorithms for analysis and synthesis of systems with synchronization errors

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE Doctor of Philosophy by Marek Przedwojski This thesis addresses currently open problems in the stability analysis and control of discrete linear systems with clock synchronisation errors. Such errors can lead to instability of an overall system even in the case when it is composed of linear sub-systems that are stable. Previous work in this general area has focused almost exclusively on stability analysis and this thesis therefore focuses on the synthesis problem of how to design control laws that ensure stability and performance of the overall system in the presence of clock synchronisation errors and, in particular, on the robustness problem. For many applications, intensive matrix computations are required and hence the time complexity of the algorithms used is critical. A major part of the new results in this thesis is the development of two new algorithms for undertaking the computations in the case where uncertainty is present and an investigation of their merits relative to linear matrix inequality and brute force alternatives. An identification method for detecting the presence of clock synchronisation errors from system data is also developed.
A Guide to Understanding Discretionary Access Control in Trusted Systems

Abstract : One of the features of the Criteria that is required of a secure system is the enforcement of discretionary access control (DAC). DAC is a means of restricting access to objects based on the identity of subjects and/or groups to which they belong. The controls are discretionary in the sense that a user or process given discretionary access to information is capable of passing that information along to another subject. This guide discusses issues involved in designing, implementing and evaluating DAC mechanisms. Its primary purpose is to provide guidance to manufacturers on how to select and build effective DAC mechanisms.
Constitution de référentiels géochimiques locaux pour les sols et proches sous-sols urbains : de la base de données à l'interprétation géostatistique

Les grands reamenagements urbains generent d’importants volumes de terres excavees, dont la valorisation est desormais possible si elles sont compatibles avec le fond pedo-geochimique du site receveur. Afin de faciliter cette valorisation, cette these s’interesse a des methodologies de traitement de donnees acquises a d'autres fins que la determination du fond pedo-geochimique, afin de fournir un referentiel de qualite geochimique des sols urbains a l'echelle d'un quartier ou d'une ville. Les premiers tests montrent les limites des calculs statistiques, usuellement utilises avec des donnees dediees au fond pedo-geochimique du fait de leur sensibilite a la limite de quantification, a la loi de distribution ou encore au pourcentage d'anomalie. Le decoupage du territoire en entites geographiques coherentes a partir de la nature des sols et sous-sols et des pressions anthropiques (actuelles ou passees) permet la constitution de differents niveaux de fond suivant la qualite geochimique des sols, mais une des difficultes concerne le renseignement de l'ensemble des entites. La classification statistique des echantillons, meme spatialisee, n'apporte, actuellement pas de resultats exploitables pour la gestion des terres excavees. Enfin, le filtrage geostatistique via un modele lineaire de coregionalisation presente une alternative solide pour le filtrage des anomalies et l'estimation du fond a l'echelle d'un quartier.
Which practice makes perfect? : experimental studies on the acquisition of movement sequences to identify the best learning condition in good and poor writers

Inhoud 1. Algemene introductie 2. Impliciet motorisch sequentieleren bij kinderen met leermoeilijkheden: Tekorten beperkt tot een subgroep met lage perceptuele organisatie 3. Dynamic Time Warping: Een nieuwe methode bij het onderzoek naar zwak handschrift 4. Leren van nieuwe bewegingspatronen: Een onderzoek naar goede en zwakke schrijvers, dat leervoorwaarden vergelijkt die de nadruk leggen op ruimtelijke, planningsof abstracte kenmerken 5. Handschriftontwikkeling in jaargroep 4 en 5 bij basisschoolkinderen met normale, riskante, of dysgrafische kenmerken 6. Leren van nieuwe op letter-gelijkende patronen: Hebben goede en zwakke* schrijvers verschillende voorwaarden nodig? *(‘poor’ wordt door mij steeds met ‘zwak’ in plaats van ‘slecht’ vertaald. DS) 7. Algemene discussie
L'entraînement à la compréhension en lecture à l'aide de l'outil informatique : rôle de l'autorégulation

Purpose of this thesis is to study 6th graders' reading comprehension difficulties and their causes. Computer resources are considered as a mean to enhance comprehension. The theoretical part reviews theories of comprehension, self-regulation and cognitive training. The empirical part contains three parts. In a first part, we present Liralec, a multiple strategies training software, designed to enhance reading comprehension, and used in the rest of this work. In a second part, we consider self-regulated knowledge and skills of adult normal readers and 6th graders poor and good comprehenders. Adults' results are a baseline for 6th graders. Results show that self-regulated skills seem to be implicit and procedural. So, reading comprehension training should carry on those behaviours. Self-regulated skills training should enhance comprehension. In a last part, three trainings of 6th graders' reading comprehension with the Liralec software are considered. Training reading comprehension with the Liralec software enhances 6th graders' comprehension, specifically for poor comprehenders. Reading comprehension seems to be educable under some conditions. Only a combination of regularity and individualisation of the training enhances comprehension. These studies also show that motivation seems important to consider in training.
Segmental Structure and Complex Segments

This volume aims at presenting a phonological theory of segmental structure which is capable of providing adequate representations of complex segments, focusing mainly on phonological place and manner. In the first few chapters, a theory of segmental structure is presented which makes it possible to derive a set of complex segments which includes affricates, prenasalised stops, consonants with secondary articulation and short diphthongs. In the final chapters, a thorough investigation is presented of the behaviour of such segments in phonological processes.
Integration of Flash user interface with PHP and SQL database

Yin, Yiming 2012. Integration of Flash user interface with PHP and SQL database. Bachelor’s thesis. Kemi-Tornio University of Applied sciences. Business and Culture. Pages 40. This research aims to help Kemi-Tornio University of Applied Sciences in educating and anyone who is interested in integration of Flash user interface with PHP and SQL database. The first objective of this research is to integrate Flash user interface with PHP and SQL databases. In addition, the second objective is to find out the practicable solution for a PHP web application based on SQL database that presents data via Flash user interface. To accomplish the work, the knowledge of PHP, Flash Action Script 3.0 and SQL database were studied. As the primary methodology, constructive research is chosen for the whole research process. The findings are implemented practically to come out with an online gallery template for media students at KTUAS to exhibit their works. Interviews were performed among students and staffs in order to increase understanding of their requirements. The literature and documentation reviewed were used to gather information about Flash Action Script 3.0 and PHP. The outcome of my work is the implemented online gallery template for KTUAS media students and the thesis, as a theoretical report for future research.