Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The phylogeny of the Eremias velox complex of the Iranian Plateau and Central Asia (Reptilia, Lacertidae): Molecular evidence from ISSR-PCR fingerprints

The rapid fringe-toed lizard, Eremias velox, is widely distributed in the Iranian plateau and Central Asia. Several local morphotypes have so far been reported from different parts of its range, representing this taxon as a species complex. In an attempt to reveal phylogenetic relationships among various populations of this complex group, 37 specimens from 13 geographically distant localities in Iran and central Asia, covering most parts of its range, were sampled. Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat amplification (ISSR-PCR) as a molecular marker, whole the nuclear genome of all specimens was screened. Phylogenetic analysis of the prepared data set successfully recovered seven major clades within the E. velox complex. Relationships among the major clades were highly resolved with remarkable statistical supports and well correspond to the geographic distribution of the populations. The reconstructed phylogeny implies that the clade as a whole has been originated in the Iranian plateau and expanded into central Asia before uplifting the Kopet-Dagh Mountains. It has then undergone a rapid cladogenesis in the latter area and produced several morphotypes. Within the Iranian clades two main groups could be defined, the foothill and highland dwellers and the open plane and desert dweller populations. The phylogenetic tree together with the estimated amounts of genetic distances among the independent lineages, provide good grounds for a fundamental revision of the taxonomic status of the Eremias velox complex.
Scanning the Botswana computing environment for knowledge of open source software

Thousands of extremely useful open source applications and utilities are available free under different licenses. These range from, among others, anti-spyware, audio, operating systems, educational software, business applications and programming utilities. After many studies on the subject concerning open source software (OSS), several authors have bluntly concluded that OSS is actually better than its proprietary counterpart. This assertion may not be true for developing countries such as Botswana. A necessary precondition for OSS adoption is knowledge for open source. To this effect, this article analyses the extent to which companies in Botswana have embraced the OSS initiative as alternative to proprietary software. The question is: “Do they have enough knowledge of OSS products availability? ” Data were collected from 62 small organizations that engage in some form of information technology (IT) in their daily operations and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. The findings indicate some three important aspects: (1) all organizations employ many forms of IT to a great extent coupled with a negligible OSS component; (2) organizations have invested a lot of capital into their current IT systems and therefore regard OSS as an inferior and ineffective alternative compared to the licensed software that they use; (3) although IT professionals have abundant knowledge of OSS products, they perceive that the power to switch from proprietary to OSS solely rested with the company owners and their top management. The major implications of the findings for future research have been identified and presented.
218 The riksbank ’ s Forecasting performance

This paper describes the official Riksbank forecasts for the period 2000-06. The forecast variables are those that are important for monetary policy analysis, i.e. inflation, GDP, productivity, employment, labour force, unemployment and financial variables such as interest rate and foreign exchange rate. The Riksbank’s forecasts are presented and analyzed and compared with alternative forecasts, that is, those from other institutions and simple statistical models. One important message from the study is that macroeconomic forecasts are associated with an appreciable uncertainty; the forecast errors are often sizeable. The forecast memory, defined as how far the forecasts are more informative than the variables unconditional mean, is usually limited to the first year. Furthermore, we find that the inflation forecasts exhibit several appealing features, such as a predictability memory that (possibly) includes the second year, relatively low RMSE and weak efficiency. The forecasts for the investigated real variables are shown to be less precise and they have a shorter forecast memory. The exchange rate predictions demonstrate the least accurate (of the investigated variables) forecasts. Compared to other forecasters, the Riksbank’s predictions are often more accurate. This holds for a comparison with the National Institute of Economic Research, even though the differences are statistically insignificant, as well as for a comparison with the participants in the Consensus Forecasts panel, where the Riksbank’s predictions often are among the best. We also find indications that misjudgements for productivity growth have had effects on forecasts for both inflation and GDP, but the results suggest that the Riksbank has considered available information in an acceptable fashion. This is also true for the undertaken revisions (from one forecast occasion to another) of the published forecasts.
Repeated laser doppler flowmetry procedures in bone do not alter perfusion, localized inflammation, or gait patterns

Bone is a highly vascularized tissue that requires adequate blood perfusion to remodel in response to loading and heal after fracturing. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a technique that has been validated to measure blood flow in mouse hindlimb bones in vivo, but to date it has only been used for measurements at a single timepoint, because the invasive surgery required to place the probe on the bone surface induced prolonged inflammation. The goal of this study was to determine if a modified, minimally invasive LDF technique could be performed repeatedly at the same bone site without altering gait patterns or causing substantial inflammation at the wound site, which would confound bone measurements in studies using exercise therapy. Twenty 14-week-old C57Bl/6J mice were divided into two activity groups and two LDF groups for 4 weeks prior to sacrifice. The exercise group performed daily treadmill exercise (30 min/day, 5 days/week), while the sedentary group spent a matched time on a stationary treadmill. Mice were further divided into either a repeated LDF group, which received an LDF procedure weekly (n=5 per activity group), or an endpoint LDF group, which underwent the LDF procedure only once (n=5 per activity group). LDF measurements were taken on the anteromedial surface of the right proximal tibial metaphysis. The effect of the LDF procedure was assessed with measures of blood perfusion, wound healing, and gait kinematics. Repeated LDF procedures did not alter blood perfusion measurements across weeks, either in the exercise or sedentary group. Wound area was measured from weekly photographs to determine the extent of inflammation. All wounds were fully closed within one week by the time of the next procedure. Changes in mouse gait kinematics were analyzed using weekly high-speed video of treadmill running. Duty cycle and phase dispersion remained constant from week to week with repeated LDF procedures. These results validated that the modified, minimally invasive LDF technique can be used for serial measurements of intraosseous blood perfusion without inducing potentially confounding effects of inflammation or altered gait or undesired changes in the perfusion itself. These findings will enable future longitudinal studies of bone perfusion with various pathologies, such as diabetes and stroke.
Testing GNSS Receivers Robustness Against Spoofing Attempts

Spoofing as it applies to GNSS/GPS is an attempt to deceive the GNSS/GPS receiver by broadcasting signals that the receiver will use instead of the live sky signals. A test system for spoofing allows testing the three major factors to consider in a spoofing attack, time synchronization to the signals to be spoofed, power level of the spoofing signal compared to the live sky signals, and accuracy of the position obtained by the spoofing signal to that of the actual position of the device being spoofed. Receivers can provide some indications that something out of the ordinary is happening during a spoofing attack. But if the system the receiver is integrated into does not monitor or attempt to use these indications, it is difficult to identify a spoofing attack. Understanding how a receiver will respond in a spoofing attack is the key to detecting spoofing. For example, using multiple GNSS systems will prevent a spoofing attack consisting of only GPS. This is only true if the receiver is set up to monitor this type of information. The spoofing test system allows full control over key parameters in a completely closed system that will not interfere with actual GNSS signals. Each of these variables is described in detail and a sample of three popular, widely-used GNSS receivers test presented. Test results include variations of time, power, and position. Tests are performed using GPS only and also a combination of GPS and GLONASS systems to understand if multi-GNSS is an effective method to overcome spoofing attacks. Using a spoofing test system will allow a user to better understand the GNSS receiver behavior and harden the system against spoofing attacks.
Del cristal al acero: nuevas barreras para nuevos tiempos

In recent times there have been several studies related to the inequalities that women face to develop their careers. Far from the markedly analytical approach of these studies, in this paper we approach a proactive perspective by claiming the emergence of a new barrier for women be promoted in organizations, related to their lack of international experience. Specifically, we emphasize that global managerial capabilities are imperative in globalized economy. Since those capabilities are crucial to improve internalization, they are critical to opting for top management positions. Global assignments seem to be a suitable way to acquire international skills, so if women are not assigned to these positions, they will have fewer opportunities than their male colleagues to be qualified for senior management positions in international companies. Taking in account that international expansion is often a survival strategy for companies, the future for female managers seem to be darkened. In order to minimize these problems, we propose some solutions to reverse this trend and improve women’s opportunities for career development, which in turn favors their companies’ competitiveness on the long run.
HEALTHCARE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM FOR PREDICTING AND PREVENTING ADVERSE EVENTS RELATED APPLICATIONS

An adverse event may be prevented by predicting the prob ability of a given patient to have or undergo the adverse event. The probability alone may prevent the adverse event by edu cating the patient or medical professional. The probability may be predicted at any time, such as upon entry of informa tion for the patient, periodic analysis, or at the time of admis sion. The probability may be used to generate a workflow action item to reduce the probability, to warn, to output appro priate instructions, and/or assist in avoiding adverse event. The probability may be specific to a hospital, physician group, or other medical entity, allowing prevention to focus on past adverse event causes for the given entity.
ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE COLDEST PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE: THE BOOMERANG NEBULA

The Boomerang Nebula is the coldest known object in the universe, and an extreme member of the class of pre-planetary nebulae, objects which represent a short-lived transitional phase between the asymptotic giant branch and planetary nebula evolutionary stages. Previous single-dish CO (J = 1–0) observations (with a 45″ beam) showed that the high-speed outflow in this object has cooled to a temperature significantly below the temperature of the cosmic background radiation. Here we report the first observations of the Boomerang Nebula with ALMA in the CO J = 2–1 and J = 1–0 lines to resolve the structure of this ultra-cold nebula. We find a central hourglass-shaped nebula surrounded by a patchy, but roughly round, cold high-velocity outflow. We compare the ALMA data with visible-light images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and confirm that the limb-brightened bipolar lobes seen in these data represent hollow cavities with dense walls of molecular gas and dust producing both the molecular-emission-line and scattered-light structures seen at millimeter and visible wavelengths. The large diffuse biconical shape of the nebula seen in the visible wavelength range is likely due to preferential illumination of the cold, high-velocity outflow. We find a compact source of millimeter-wave continuum in the nebular waist—these data, together with sensitive upper limits on the radio continuum using observations with ATCA, indicate the presence of a substantial mass of very large (millimeter-sized) grains in the waist of the nebula. Another unanticipated result is the detection of CO emission regions beyond the ultra-cold region which indicate the re-warming of the cold gas, most likely due to photoelectric grain heating.
Distortion of the apparent S-wave radiation pattern in the high-frequency wavefield: Tottori-Ken Seibu, Japan, earthquake of 2000

SUMMARY The distortion properties of the apparent S-wave radiation pattern in the high-frequency seismic wavefield of over f > 2 Hz is investigated using a large number of waveform records of the main shock and 29 aftershocks of the Tottori-Ken Seibu, Japan, magnitude (Mw )6 . 6 earthquake in 2000. The dense seismic records from the KiK-net strong motion network show a clear four-lobe pattern in the apparent S-wave radiation pattern in the low-frequency wavefield of f < 2 Hz, and shows an almost isotropic distribution in all directions as the frequency increases above 5 Hz. The distortion of the apparent S-wave radiation pattern in the high-frequency wavefield increases as travel distance increases. Therefore, the path effect caused by the scattering of seismic waves due to small-scale heterogeneities in the crust is a major cause of distortion of the radiation pattern. This hypothesis is examined by a 2-D finite-difference method simulation of seismic waves in heterogeneous structure models. The results of simulations clearly demonstrate the collapse of the S-wave front due to seismic wave scattering in the heterogeneous structure. By comparing the observed wavefield and the results of simulations using different sorts of stochastic heterogeneous models, the most preferable model that can explain the observation is described by a von Karman autocorrelation function with correlation distance of a = 3–5 km, order of κ = 0.5 and rms value of e = 0.07. However, our simple stochastic random heterogeneity model proposed, herein, somewhat overestimates the scattering of low-frequency signals below 2 Hz.
Distance effects on patterns and processes of dispersal in an octocoral-associated amphipod

Similar to pelagic larval dispersal, it has been suggested that dispersal of post-larval benthic organisms and species with direct development plays an important role in population persis- tence. However, effective dispersal distances required for the maintenance of local populations have been poorly characterized. This study elucidated distance effects on patterns and processes in disper- sal of the amphipod Incisocalliope symbioticus, which is associated exclusively with the gorgonian octocoral Melithaea flabellifera. Dispersal patterns over an annual cycle were examined by the place- ment of defaunated gorgonians at 3 distance levels (<0.2, 8, 70 m) for 1 wk. With an increase in dis- tance from the source population, the dispersal rate decreased; conversely, the proportion of females and large individuals increased. This result suggested that colonizers that dispersed over long dis- tances had the potential for rapid establishment of breeding aggregations, and therefore were responsible for the maintenance of local populations. Furthermore, the short-distance dispersal within a local population was dependent on the density of the resident population, whereas middle- and long-distance dispersal resulted from density-independent passive transport, driven by typhoon and storm events. Results of direct observations on the movements of live and, as a control, dead amphipods toward a gorgonian patch in the field showed that the amphipods had sufficient swim- ming ability (3.4 m min -1 ) for short-distance dispersal, and actively selected to move toward the patch. These results indicated that the combination of passive transport and the active selection enables the amphipod to migrate over long distances among local populations, even though the habitat of the amphipod only occurs sporadically.
Computer-based cognitive rehabilitation for cognitive functions after stroke

Introduction: According to literature sources, cognitive dysfunction is one of the most common stroke-induced disorders. Despite high number of cases of cognitive disorders after stroke, treatment possibilities are still rather limited. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of cognitive training in individuals after stroke, in particular computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (CBCR) programmes. Methods : The analysis included studies where intervention of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (CBCR) programme was applied to subjects after stroke. We searched PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Database, and EBSCO for publications between January 2007 and July 2016. All the included studies were published in English. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies consisted of nine randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one randomized pilot study. All the studies targeted general or domain-specific cognitive functions. The majority of the included studies resulted in the improvement of the assessed functional outcome measures. Conclusion: The overview conducted by the authors of this article allows us to claim that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation programmes may help to improve cognitive functions in subjects after stroke.
Assessment of the Benefits and Constraints of Home Gardening in the Neighborhood of the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Oyo State

The study examined the benefits and constraints of home gardening in the neighborhood of the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) Ibadan. The study was carried out in areas within 10 kilometer radius from NIHORT. These span three Local Government Areas (LGAs) (Ibadan south-west, Ibadan north-west and Ido) that share boundaries with the Institute. Houses with home gardens were identified and purposively selected. A total of 63 respondents were interviewed with pretested structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and Chi square. Fruits (pawpaw, plantain and citrus) and vegetables (Bitter leaf, Occimum and Celosia) top the list of the identified crops grown in the study area. Among the benefits derivable from home gardening in descending order of importance are: easy source of fresh food (85.8%), reduction in family food budget (69.8%), hobby/relaxation (54.0%) and easing of emotional stress (30.2%) among others. The rank order of important constraints to home gardening in the study area in descending other of severity include: insect attack, destruction of crops by animals, pests and diseases infestation and lack of good quality planting materials. More females (58.8%) than males (41.29%) were involved in home gardening and 66.7% were within their active years of age (22-50 years). There was significant relationship (P<0.05) between contribution of home garden to household food supply and level of education and marital status of the respondents. Also, training and marital status of the respondents were significantly related to reduction in household food budget as a result of involvement in home gardening.
The poor and their money: what have we learned?

Money markets ought to allocate finance where it is most needed, and thus contribute to greater productivity, employment and the reduction of poverty. Yet in practice they have not performed this function at all well. Vast segments of the population are still unserved, inappropriate financial services are offered and inflexible contracts are extended. Poor farmers and small businesses are generally excluded from conventional financial institutions like the big commercial banks, and have to resort to informal ways of saving, insuring and borrowing, such as paying shopkeepers to keep their savings safely, or borrowing from moneylenders at very high interest rates. What then are the obstacles to better access by the poor to finance in these markets and how can governments and aid agencies intervene to improve matters? New approaches have tended to concentrate on the problem of collecting information about the degree of risk involved in lending to poor people. Informal arrangements devised by the poor themselves give a crucial clue: if a group of people who know each other fairly well start contributing to a pool of money which will be lent to each one of them in turn, they will naturally want to keep themselves well informed about each other’s capacity and/or willingness to pay the money back. By extension, the conventional banks could adopt this group-lending technique to improve information about poor borrowers, thus reducing their own costs. This apparently market-based solution implies that those organisations already working with credit groups, notably NGOs, could eventually become financially sustainable themselves. But the new approaches face fresh challenges.
Diversity and Origin of 2:1 Orbital Resonances in Extrasolar Planetary Systems

A diversity of 2 : 1 resonance configurations can be expected in extrasolar planetary systems, and their geometry can provide information about the origin of the resonances. Assembly during planet formation by the differential migration of planets due to planet-disk interaction is one scenario for the origin of mean-motion resonances in extrasolar planetary systems. The stable 2 : 1 resonance configurations that can be reached by differential migration of planets with constant masses and initially coplanar and nearly circular orbits are (1) antisymmetric configurations with the mean-motion resonance variables θ1 = λ1 - 2λ2 + ϖ1 and θ2 = λ1 - 2λ2 + ϖ2 (where λj and ϖj are the mean longitudes and the longitudes of periapse, respectively) librating about 0° and 180°, respectively (as in the Io-Europa pair), (2) symmetric configurations with both θ1 and θ2 librating about 0° (as in the GJ 876 system), and (3) asymmetric configurations with θ1 and θ2 librating about angles far from either 0° or 180°. There are, however, stable 2 : 1 resonance configurations with symmetric (θ1 ≈ θ2 ≈ 0°), asymmetric, and antisymmetric (θ1 ≈ 180° and θ2 ≈ 0°) librations that cannot be reached by differential migration of planets with constant masses and initially coplanar and nearly circular orbits. If real systems with these configurations are ever found, their origin would require (1) a change in the planetary mass ratio m1/m2 during migration, (2) a migration scenario involving inclination resonances, or (3) multiple-planet scattering in crowded planetary systems. We find that the asymmetric configurations with large e2 and the θ1 ≈ 180° and θ2 ≈ 0° configurations have intersecting orbits and that the θ1 ≈ θ2 ≈ 0° configurations with e1 > 0.714 have prograde periapse precessions.