Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milk quality of the Original Valachian in a submontane region

Milk quality of the Original Valachian in a submontane region The aim of this study was to evaluate the milk efficiency of Original Valachian (OV) Sheep. The flock under scrutiny is kept at pasture at an altitude of 600 m in the Novohradske Mountains, and samples were taken from morning milking roughly in four to five weekly intervals during the period from April to August. The milking was begun on average on the 50th day of lactation, and was carried out mechanically. A total of 862 samples were analysed from an average of 54 ewes over the the years 2006-09. After an evaluation of the essential components of ewe's milk from the flock of OV lambing ewes during lactation these average values were found: fat 4.90 g 100 g-1, crude protein 5.94 g 100 g-1, casein 4.40 g 100 g-1, serum protein 1.18 g 100 g-1, lactose 5.07 g 100 g-1, dry matter 16.45 g 100 g-1, solid not fat 11.63 g 100 g-1 and utilizable dry matter 10.85 g 100 g-1. OV had an average daily milk yield of 0.70 l. Fat, protein, casein, serum protein and dry matter showed rising trends during lactation. During the total period of measurement the average protein content of OVmilk did not drop below 5 g 100 g-1, in contrast to fat, which was under 3 g 100 g-1. The lactose content rose at the beginning of lactation, after it showed a degressive trend. The amounts of utilizable dry matter during our experiment showed a fluctuating trend.
Volatile constituents of horseradish roots

Essences of the volatile components of five samples of horseradish root, three fresh and two of dried flakes, have been prepared and examined by gas chromatography (g.c.) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (g.c.-m.s.). At least 17 compounds are involved. Five of these have been rigorously identified by comparison with authentic compounds, synthesised where necessary, through mass spectra and retention data and the identities of three others have been tentatively established. The compounds concerned are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, 2-butyl, allyl, 4-pentenyl and 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate and allyl thiocyanate. The constituents of the five essences were assessed semi-quantitatively by g.c. and definite differences found. These were reinforced by examination of the headspace vapours over the coarsely grated root. Additional attention was devoted to the allyl isothiocyanate-thiocyanate interconversion and to the odour assessment of the volatile horseradish components.
Distribution of HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 Alleles in Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

This study was performed to investigate the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and susceptibility to sudden sensorineural hearing loss in the Korean population. HLA-A and HLA-B typing using a standard microlymphocytotoxicity technique and HLA-DRB1 genotyping were performed in 35 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and in 206 healthy controls. Prednisone (usual dose 60 mg/day) was administered for 6 days and tapered for an additional 4-6 days. Both initial hearing levels at the onset of deafness and final hearing levels after treatment were examined and evaluated for association with HLA alleles. The frequency of HLA-DRB1*14 was increased in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss compared with controls (relative risk [RR]=2.7, p=0.016). The frequencies of HLA-A2, -A31, -B52, -B61, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*11 and -DRB1*12 were slightly higher than in the controls, but did not reach statistical significance. When an association between the treatment results and HLA alleles was also evaluated, the frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 was found to be increased in the patients who did not respond to steroid treatment compared with both patients who responded well to steroid (50% vs 16%, p=0.034) and controls (RR=3.0, p=0.046). These results suggest that there is an association between HLA-DRB1*14 and disease susceptibility and that the presence of HLA-DRB1*04 may be an useful marker for predicting a poor prognosis in Korean patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Digestibility in vitro and available lysine contents of Indian oilseed meals

Experiments with untreated and autoclaved meals of mowra (Bassia latifolia), pisa (Actinodaphne hookeri) and undi (Calophyllum inophyllum) are reported. The three meals were digested by pepsin to approximately the same extent as casein. While pisa and undi meals were fairly rapidly degraded by trypsin, mowra meal was cleaved slowly, but did not possess any trysin inhibiting activity. Destruction and inactivation of amino acids were caused by autoclaving the meals. The presence of naturally occurring trypsin-resistant bonds in mowra meal protein is inferred. The nutritional significance of the amounts of FDNB-reactive lysine units in these meals is discussed.
Changes to protocol in the regulation of adverse drug reactions – historical and current European view

Abstract Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an inevitable part of medication use. During clinical trials, limited information was gained on drug safety. After marketing authorization (MA), more safety data is available as more patients use the drug. Major changes in drug regulation came after drug disasters, like with sulphanilamide elixir or thalidomide use. In recent history, withdrawal of rofecoxib has demonstrated the importance of post-marketing safety monitoring. Subsequently, legislation on drug safety changed both in the United States (US) and in the European Union (EU), becoming simplified and more comprehensive. New EU legislation was implemented in 2012 and has broadened ADR definition to medication errors and overdoses. In the EU, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) has been formed within the European Medicines Agency (EMA), regulating all aspects of drug safety. Referral procedures enable a thorough scientific analysis on all issues of medication safety. In both the US and the EU, ADRs can be reported directly by patients. All reports of suspected ADRs are kept on electronic databases and are analyzed regularly using new technologies. New safety signals are subsequently discovered and evaluated. This author expects that the new regulations will effectively safeguard healthcare consumers from major drug risks.
Evaluation of some fixed components for unifloral honey characterization

The classification of honeys according to their botanical origin is a problem usually solved by means of microscopic observation of pollens and by evaluation of organoleptic characteristics such as color, taste, and others. In this paper, a number of chemical parameters including water activity, free amino acid composition, reducing sugars, total sugars, and pH were evaluated for a number of samples of some different botanical origin honeys. The results were evaluated by chemometric methods, and this allowed discrimination between the different origins, also for some critical cases such as chestnut and lime tree.
Acute, Recurrent Fosfomycin-induced Liver Toxicity in an Adult Patient with Cystic Fibrosis

4. Thisyakorn U, Pancharoen C, Ruxrungtham K, Ubolyam S, Khawplod P, Phanuphak P, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of preexposure rabies vaccination in children infected with human immunode ciency virus type 1. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 30: 218. 5. Thisyakorn U, Pancharoen C, Wilde H. Immunologic and virologic evaluation of HIV-infected children after rabies vaccination. Abstract Book of the 9th International Congress on Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 2000: 172 (Abstract 78.002).
Hyperlipidemia Associated with HIV Protease Inhibitor Use: Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors and Treatment

Despite potent antiretroviral activity, the HIV-1 protease inhibitors have recently been associated with abnormal serum lipoprotein concentrations. The purpose of this review is to describe serum lipid abnormalities related to protease inhibitor use. A MEDLINE search up to June 1, 1999, and abstracts from recent scientific meetings were primary data sources. Lipid disturbances in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors generally consist of elevated triglycerides and total cholesterol levels; HDL cholesterol is often reduced. The pathophysiological mechanism by which the protease inhibitors induce these lipid abnormalities has been hypothesized, but is unknown. Cases of pancreatitis and coronary heart disease have been described in hyperlipidemic patients receiving protease inhibitors. Treatment of protease inhibitor-related hyperlipidemia is unknown. Exchanging the offending protease inhibitor for nevirapine may be helpful in certain patients. Atorvastatin in combination with gemfibrozil has been used with limited success in a small number of individuals.
Rate of Carriage of Serratia marcescens in Patients with and without Evidence of Infection

The epidemiology of Serratia marcescens is poorly understood. We designed a study to investigate carriage sites of the organism, and possible modes of transmission of infection. Using Sorbitol? MacConkey agar with colistin 200 IU/ml and MacConkey agar with a 10 m g colistin disc we performed cultures from various sites in patients already infected with S. marcescens. Over the same period of time we also investigated all patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for colonization with the agent. Environmental screening was performed in the ICU only. Of 37 infected patients, 65% demonstrated carriage at a second site and 43% at multiple sites. Throat carriage was found in 59%, faecal carriage in 42%, nasal carriage in 31% and urinary carriage in 22%. Carriage over several weeks was found in 22%. Of 40 ICU patients, 10% demonstrated nasal and/or throat carriage. Environmental screening yielded 4 isolates. All ICU patient strains and a strain from the ICU bedpan macerator were O14:K14 with similar random amplified polymorphic DNA types. These results show that patients with S. marcescens infection are likely to carry the organism at multiple sites and that carriage may be prolonged. A significant level of carriage was also found in non-infected patients in a unit where the organism was prevalent.
Effect of slope of lambing site on lambs slipping and lamb mortality

Abstract Two experiments were carried out to determine the effect of slope on lamb mortality. In Experiment 1, 166 Marshall Romney (MR), 170 conventional Romney (CR), and 59 MR X CR ewes were allocated to one of 17 lambing areas of 0.2-0.4 ha and uniform slope. Mean slopes ranged from 3 to 440 and each area was surrounded by electric netting fences. Ewes entered their respective lambing areas 2 days before the expected lambing date and remained there for 4-5 days. In Experiment 2, two 1 ha plots selected on the basis of conformity of slope (36-44°) and 100-120 m long were each divided into three equal lambing areas by fences down the slope. Barriers either 15 or 30 m apart were constructed of 33-cm-high woven polyethylene mesh across the slope on two of the three lam bing areas in both plots. Lamb mortality in Experiment 1 was not affected by slopes up to 300 but there was a large increase in lamb mortality with slopes of 36-44° (19.4% lamb mortality for less than 300 versus 50.1% lamb mortality for more .
Influence of Vibration to the Neck, Trunk and Lower Extremity Muscles on Equilibrium in Normal Subjects and Patients with Unilateral Labyrinthine Dysfunction

To investigate the role of proprioceptors of different skeletal muscles in postural control, in normal subjects and patients with unilateral labyrinthine dysfunction (ULD), the effect of vibration on these muscles was studied by postulography. The subjects comprised 59 normal subjects and 12 patients with ULD due to resection of acoustic tumours. Sagittal body sway was observed during vibration to the triceps surae, tibialis anterior and upper dorsal neck muscles. No significant change in sway was observed in the frontal plane in normal subjects. Significant differences between normal subjects and patients were found on stimulation of the muscle groups of triceps surae and biceps femoris during vibration. In patients with ULD, vibration to the dorsal neck muscles caused a deviation towards the diseased side. It can be speculated that the upper dorsal neck muscle plays an important role in maintaining the body balance in the frontal plane in patients with ULD. On the other hand, the lower extremity muscles, especially the muscles on the dorsal side of the body, play a significant role in adjusting the standing posture in the sagittal plane.
Effect of chitosan on incidence of brown rot, quality and physiological attributes of postharvest peach fruit

The effect of chitosan (5.0 and 10.0 mg ml −1) on the incidence of brown rot (caused by Monilinia fructicola), quality attributes and senescence physiology of peaches was investigated. It was found that both concentrations of chitosan reduced the incidence of brown rot significantly and delayed the development of disease compared with the control, but were less effective than the fungicide prochloraz. Chitosan-treated peaches were firmer and had higher titratable acidity and vitamin C content than prochloraz-treated or control peaches. Compared to control (water-treated) peaches, chitosan-treated peaches showed lower respiration rate, less ethylene and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and better membrane integrity. Hence it can be concluded that chitosan has the potential to control brown rot, preserve valuable attributes and prolong the shelf life of postharvest peaches, presumably because of its antifungal property and inhibition of the ripening and senescence process of postharvest peaches. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Size-segregative behaviour in minnow shoals

Shoals composed of equal numbers of two size-classes of European minnows were observed undisturbed, feeding and after threat from a pike in a large arena tank. The time/frequency budget and analysed sequences of behaviour of the two size-classes were very similar. Irrespective of size, for standard behaviour measures, fish in the shoal behaved similarly under the same external influences, including predator threat. In contrast, however, the distribution of the two size-classes provided evidence of size segregation within the shoal. This was brought about by individual minnows making shoaling responses preferentially to their own size-class. After exposure to the predator, shoaling responses changed and differed between small and large minnows. The outcomes of contests at foraging patches were governed primarily by fish size and information asymmetry rather than by occupation of a feeding site. The experiment shows that asymmetrical pay-offs in foraging and in response to predator threat are the probable reasons for size-segregation behaviours. This conclusion supports the views of earlier workers that mechanical sorting by swimming speed is not an important factor in size segregation in shoals.
Association between Polymorphisms of MSTN and MYF5 Genes and Growth Traits in Three Chinese Cattle Breeds

The objective of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in MSTN and MYF5 genes with growth traits in three Chinese cattle breeds. Only one homozygous animal with BB genotype at MSTN locus was observed in Jiaxian population which was at Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (p<0.05). The frequencies of allele A at MSTN locus and allele B at MYF5 locus in the three Chinese breeds were 0.9550/0.9730/0.9720 and 0.8275/0.7581/0.7523, respectively. Allele A at MSTN locus and allele B at MYF5 locus were dominant in these three populations. No statistically significant differences in growth traits were observed between the genotypes of the Jiaxian breed at MSTN and MYF5 loci and the Nanyang breed at MYF5 locus. However, there were statistically significant differences between the genotypes at MSTN locus of the Nanyang breed for WH, HG, HGI and HGBLR (p<0.05), and of the Qinchuan breed for BLI (p<0.05). The SNP in MYF5 had significant effects on WH and HHC of Qinchuan animals (p<0.05). These results suggest that MSTN and MYF5 are strong candidate genes that influence growth traits in cattle. Other SNPs of MSTN and MYF5 or other linked genes should also be studied, which could lead to the development of selection plans to improve the performance of Chinese cattle and also promote the breeding of genuine beef cattle in China.
Pattern of Self‐Thinning in Jack Pine: Testing the Random Mortality Hypothesis

Spatial statistics were used to examine the pattern of self—thinning in a 0.25—ha even—aged (65 yr old), pure stand of jack pine in the boreal forest near Elk Lake, Ontario, Canada. The positions of 459 living and 916 dead trees were recorded and refined nearest neighbor analysis [G(W)] and second—order spatial statistics [L(t)] were used to examine distributional deviations from both the Poisson expectation and the hypothesis of random mortality. The results indicate that the initial (live + dead, n = 1375) distribution was locally random. By contrast, the distribution of live trees was locally highly regular, while the dead trees were significantly more clumped than random mortality would dictate. It is suggested that the development of a strong regular pattern in the survivors is attributable to differential mortality involving two distinct competitive phases: an early scramble phase involving two—sided competition for soil resources, and a lager contest phase involving one—sided competition for light. Analysis of L(t) for the live trees indicated a mean "area of influence" for each individual of an °3.5 m radius, suggesting that trees may compete directly only with their immediate neighbor.
Recurrence of Pneumonia in Relation to the Antibody Response after Pneumococcal Vaccination in Middle-aged and Elderly Adults

We have recently studied the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumonia recurrences after hospital treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in non-immunocompromised patients aged 50-85 y. Among these patients, we have now compared the antibody response to the pneumococcal vaccine between patients who developed pneumonia (n=50) and patients without pneumonia recurrences (n=100), during a mean follow-up period of 32 months after vaccination. The antibody levels of 5 pneumococcal serotypes were measured before, and 4 weeks, 1 y and 3 y after vaccination. A lower risk of pneumonia recurrences was seen in patients with antibody fold increases (FIs) >4 from pre-vaccination to post-vaccination compared with patients with lower FIs (p=0.02). The results suggest that in this patient category, the antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination is of importance for the risk of pneumonia recurrence.
Clinical Implications of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Resistant to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole: a Study of 69 Patients at 2 University Hospitals

We conducted a retrospective case study at 2 tertiary care centers to determine the clinical implications of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (TSRSM). Of 69 reviewed cases (mean age, 57 y; male gender, 70%), 40 (58%) were classified as infections associated with TSRSM (respiratory tract, 14; soft tissue, 11; bloodstream, 8; other sites, 7). Severe underlying comorbidities (86%) and previous antibiotic exposure (99%) were common. Cefotetan (susceptibility, 55%), chloramphenicol (49%) and ticarcillin-clavulanate (45%) showed the highest in vitro activity against TSRSM, but were seldom used for therapy (7%). Among the 40 infected cases, 8 developed sepsis disorders and 8 died. Only 1 death could be directly attributed to autopsy-proven TSRSM infection (pneumonia). McCabe score (p=0.03) and organ dysfunction (p=0.006) were associated with an increased risk of death in infected patients; exposure to appropriate therapy tended to be protective against death (p=0.08). 22 infected patients were treated medically; an additional procedure was necessary to clear the infection in 18 cases (surgery, 13; catheter removal, 5). Isolation precautions were rarely exercised, even in the presence of panresistant isolates. In summary, TSRSM-related infections occurred in severely ill patients with extensive exposure to the health-care system, and often required invasive procedures for cure. Infections were directly associated with severe morbidity, and tended to have an indirect rather than a direct impact on mortality.
Proper Use of Serum Antibody Titres against Epstein-Barr Virus in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: IgA/Virus Capsid Antigen for Diagnosis and EBV-related Nuclear Antigen-2 for Follow-up

Sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) show high titres of IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen (IgA/VCA). We reported previously that the serum titres for Epstein-Barr virus-related nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA2) correlated with NPC patients? prognosis. To investigate which is better for diagnosing NPC and predicting patient prognosis, the titration of serum IgA/VCA or EBNA2, we examined the same serum titres. Sixteen cases of NPC in which serum EBNA2 antibody titres had been tested, were investigated for the serum IgA/VCA antibody titres before and after radiation treatment. All NPC cases showed positive reactions with indirect immunofluorescence staining, and the median titre was 252. Twelve normal controls, 5 mesopharyngeal carcinoma patients, 4 hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients, 4 laryngeal carcinoma patients and 6 malignant lymphoma were also examined, but they showed negative or relatively low titres. A follow-up study revealed that IgA/VCA titres remained mostly stable. These results indicate a close relationship between IgA/VCA and NPC, however, prognosis correlated better with EBNA2 titres than with IgA/VCA titres.
Epidermal Growth Factor Upregulates Production of Supernumerary Hair Cells in Neonatal Rat Organ of Corti Explants

The organ of Corti is highly ordered, with a single row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells. The number of hair cells produced was thought to be limited by the time of their terminal mitosis (i.e. E14 in the mouse). However, exogenous application of retinoic acid has been shown to stimulate the formation of supernumerary hair cells in organ of Corti explants from E13 to E16 mouse embryos. Using late embryonic and neonatal rat organ of Corti explants, we investigated the potential for production of supernumerary hair cells in more mature auditory sensory epithelia. When newborn rat organ of Corti explants were cultured under control conditions, an area of supernumerary hair cells was observed in a segment of organ of Corti that was at the junction between the basal and middle turns. In these areas of supernumerary hair cells the number of hair cells increased per unit of length, but remained constant per surface unit, further demonstrating the supernumerary character of this phenomenon. Organ of Corti explants treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) showed a 50% increase in the length of the organ of Corti segment containing supernumerary hair cells. Upregulation of supernumerary hair cell formation by EGF was found to start and be maximal at birth (P0) and to disappear by 2 days after birth (P2). Treatment of EGF stimulated P0 explants with an antimitotic drug, cytosine arabinoside (ARAc), demonstrated that the production of supernumerary hair cells occurred independently of cell division.
Quelques aspects du cycle biologique de plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis, 1834) [Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae]

L'auteur a pu observer, au laboratoire, le cycle biologique de Plectrocnemia conspersa dans sa totalite. Cette espece presente 5 stades larvaires. Les quatre phases principales de ce cycle sont analysees. L'influence de la temperature et de la nourriture sur ces 4 phases est discutee. Des temperatures elevees et une nourriture abondante entrainent un raccourcissement tres important du cycle biologique.