Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root canal treatment in mandibular canines with two roots: a report of two cases.

AIM To highlight anatomical variation in the mandibular canine. SUMMARY Two clinical case reports are presented to illustrate anatomical variation in the human mandibular canine. Endodontic treatment may sometimes fail because morphological features of the tooth adversely affect the treatment procedures. Many investigators have reported the anatomical variations associated with mandibular canines. Mandibular canines are recognized as usually having one root and one root canal in most cases, although approximately 15% may have two canals or sometimes two roots. This paper describes two clinical cases of mandibular canines with two roots and two canals. KEY LEARNING POINTS Failure to control infection in the root canal system has an adverse impact on outcome. Clinicians should be aware of anatomical variations in the teeth they are managing, and should never assume that canal systems are simple. The majority of mandibular canines have one root and root canal, but 15% may have two canals, and a smaller number may have two distinct roots.
Redundancy removal for isolated gesture in Indian sign language and recognition using multi-class support vector machine

Sign language is a formal language used by the deaf and dumb people to communicate through bodily movement, especially of hands rather than speech. In this paper, we have presented a vision-based method for recognition of isolated sign considering static and dynamic behaviour of Indian sign language ISL. The proposed methodology consists of three modules: preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. In the preprocessing module, various steps such as skin colour segmentation, redundant frames removal RFR algorithm and face elimination have been performed. The purpose of RFR algorithm is to remove redundant frames from the sign video to speed up the recognition task. In the feature extraction module, multiple features have been extracted. A multi-class support vector machine MSVM and Bayesian K-nearest neighbour BKNN are used to classify the signs. Experimentation with vocabulary of 21 sign from ISL is conducted and the results prove that the proposed method for recognition of gestured sign is effective and having high accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can recognise signs with 95.3% accuracy.
Variants of the protein PRDM9 differentially regulate a set of human meiotic recombination hotspots highly active in African populations

PRDM9 is a major specifier of human meiotic recombination hotspots, probably via binding of its zinc-finger repeat array to a DNA sequence motif associated with hotspots. However, our view of PRDM9 regulation, in terms of motifs defined and hotspots studied, has a strong bias toward the PRDM9 A variant particularly common in Europeans. We show that population diversity can reveal a second class of hotspots specifically activated by PRDM9 variants common in Africans but rare in Europeans. These African-enhanced hotspots nevertheless share very similar properties with their counterparts activated by the A variant. The specificity of hotspot activation is such that individuals with differing PRDM9 genotypes, even within the same population, can use substantially if not completely different sets of hotspots. Each African-enhanced hotspot is activated by a distinct spectrum of PRDM9 variants, despite the fact that all are predicted to bind the same sequence motif. This differential activation points to complex interactions between the zinc-finger array and hotspots and identifies features of the array that might be important in controlling hotspot activity.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-An Overview

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disorder resulting from the clonal proliferation of lymphoid precursors with arrested maturation. Specific chromosomal translocations in ALL include mainly, the classical t(8;14) in B-cell ALL, t(4;11) in infant leukemia and t(9;22) translocation (that forms the Philadelphia chromosome). Genome-wide profiling using microarrays, candidate gene, and second generation sequencing have provided a number of key insights into the genetic basis of ALL. Treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia typically consists of a remission-induction phase, an intensification (or consolidation) phase, and continuation therapy to eliminate residual disease. Allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation is the most intensive form of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia as it clearly benefits several subgroups of patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although relatively homogeneous at the morphologic and immunophenotypic level, ALL encompasses a family of extremely heterogeneous disorders when examined at the genetic level. More insights are needed to further improve the treatment outcome of patients with ALL.
Widely Wavelength-Tunable Mode Converter Based on Polymer Waveguide Grating

We design and fabricate a corrugated grating on a polymer waveguide for the realization of the conversion between the fundamental mode and the higher order mode. The transmission characteristics of the device are insensitive to the polarization state of the input light. Our typical fabricated device shows a mode conversion efficiency higher than 99% over a bandwidth of ~4 nm and a temperature sensitivity of 3.5 nm/°C, which allows the operation wavelength of the device to be tuned over the C + L band with a temperature control <;30 °C. This mode converter could be integrated with other waveguide devices to realize more sophisticated functions for mode-division-multiplexing systems.
La implicación de los padres en atención temprana y su repercusión en la práctica

En la actual concepcion de la Atencion Temprana, el objetivo unico ya no es el nino. Las actuaciones, las intervenciones y las miradas se dirigen tambien a la familia, de manera que es necesaria una evolucion en las estrategias de intervencion donde la familia tenga el lugar activo y participativo que le corresponde e implica revisar algunas practicas de orientacion y acompanamiento a los padres. En este sentido, es necesario y propio de cualquier profesional, reflexionar sobre nuestras practicas para orientar, definir y mejorar el modelo de atencion a la familia en AT.
Oral task-oriented dialogue for air-traffic controller training

ABSTRACT We present here an oral dialogue system designed for air-traffic controller training. The system has to handle the dialogue with a student air-traffic controller and communicate thestudent's requests to the air-traffic simulator in the form of a sequence of instructions expres-sed in a formal command language. The system has been developed with two main objectives in mind: we tried to make it both user-friendly and robust. Different knowledge sourcesincluding the vocabulary, the phraseology, the task model and the history of dialogue, areevolving during the dialogue. These knowledge bases are represented in a unified form of hierarchical frames. The message analysis and interpretation consist of two phases: categori-sation and instantiation. Then, a validity control process uses a set of semantico-pragmaticconstraints. Correction procedures have also been developed to improve speech recognitionperformance. The speech recognition system which is being used is AMADEUS developed atthe LIMSI. It is a DTW-based continuous speech recognizer. The representation of the lan-guage model used to limit the DTW search space is described as well as the way it is modifiedby the dialogue manager in order to permit or prohibit messages and improve recognition.In system evaluation, the classical DTW approach is compared to a probabilistic approachusing dynamically updated transition probabilities.
Prolégomènes à une étude variationniste des hypocoristiques à redoublement en français

La question abordee est celle de la selection du materiel segmental dans la formation des hypocoristiques a redoublement du francais. L'analyse des donnees quantitatives dont on dispose montre que certains types minoritaires (dans lesquels ce n'est pas la premiere syllabe complete du prenom qui passe dans le diminutif) sont suffisamment bien representes pour meriter une explication. La principale hypothese que l'on defend ici consiste a supposer que les contraintes de fidelite qui imposent d'ordinaire la selection de la premiere syllabe peuvent etre contrariees par l'inegale valeur expressive des voyelles et par l'inegale aptitude des consonnes a remplir les positions d'attaque et de coda.
Challenges facing medical data digitization in low-resource contexts

Mobile phones, especially with connectivity provided by rapidly expanding 3G networks, can be transformative in the quest for accurate and reliable health data in developing countries. Consequently, a plethora of efforts in the Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICTD) field are focused on collecting, aggregating and digitizing community health information with the ultimate goal of strengthening resource-constrained health care systems. Such ventures often work in conjunction with Community Health Worker (CHW) programs to address the last-mile challenge of reaching rural communities. While leading such ventures in East Africa and South East Asia over the last six years, we have learned the importance of understanding and addressing a wide set of interrelated contextual, communication, business, and technological challenges to data collection. Drawing from these real-world experiences, this article presents the spectrum of challenges that entrepreneurs need to tackle for their data-driven health care ventures to be successful. An example-centric approach is employed with several examples drawn from the Mashavu Telemedicine System in Kenya. Mashavu regressed technologically from one pilot to the next, culminating in a health care delivery venture that is economically sustainable but uses almost no technology and does not collect any data.
Modèle de recherche d'information structurée basé sur la relaxation de requêtes

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article présente un modèle pour la recherche d’information sur des documents XML basée sur la comparaison d’arbres, en utilisant le principe de relaxation de requêtes. Les requêtes et les documents sont représentés par des arbres étendus. Un arbre étendu est construit à partir de l’arbre original, avec la pondération des liens virtuels entre chaque nœud et ses descendants indirects, permettant à chacun d’atteindre directement ses descendants. Par conséquent, un seul niveau sépare chaque nœud avec ses descendants indirects. Cela permet de comparer aisément et avec flexibilité les contraintes structurelles de la requête de l’utilisateur et la structure du document. Ainsi, les fragments d’un document (éléments) retournés en réponse à la requête lui sont similaires en terme de contenu et de structure. Ce modèle supporte l’interrogation de corpus XML par des requêtes orientées contenu seulement (type CO) et d’autres orientées contenu et structure (type CAS). Quelques expérimentations ont été menées dans le cadre de la compagne d’évaluation INEX pour montrer l’efficacité de notre approche.
Automated CAD Model Based Geo-Referencing for High-Resolution SAR Data Fusion in Urban Environments

Fusion of SAR and optical images has to cope with the different imaging properties of both sensor types. In order to allow a meaningful data fusion, highly accurate geo-referenced images have to be provided. Based on CAD models of buildings, for example from available 3D-city models, simulated SAR images can be created using a SAR simulator. The correspondence between images of buildings created from a SAR simulator and the respective sections of unreferenced SAR images provides the required control point information. Using this approach an accurate geo-referencing can be achieved. The error in the initial reference of about 150m is reduced to around 1,5m. Even more, possible differences between the simulated image and the real image can be used for change detection applications.
Effects of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on wild sea trout Salmo trutta—a literature review

Salmon farming increases the abundance of salmon lice, which are ectoparasites of salmonids in the sea. Here we review the current knowledge on the effects of salmon lice on wild sea trout. Salmon lice feed on host mucus, skin and muscle, and infestation may induce osmoreg- ulatory dysfunction, physiological stress, anaemia, reduced feeding and growth, increased sus- ceptibility to secondary infections, reduced disease resistance and ultimately mortality of individ- ual sea trout. Wild sea trout in farm-free areas generally show low lice levels. In farm-intensive areas, lice levels on wild sea trout are typically higher, and more variable than in farm-free areas. Lice on wild sea trout are found at elevated levels particularly within 30 km of the nearest farms but can also extend to further ranges. Salmon lice in intensively farmed areas have negatively impacted wild sea trout populations by reducing growth and increasing marine mortality. Quan- tification of these impacts remains a challenge, although population-level effects have been quan- tified in Atlantic salmon by comparing the survival of chemically protected fish with control groups, which are relevant also for sea trout. Mortality attributable to salmon lice can lead to an average of 12�29% fewer salmon spawners. Reduced growth and increased mortality will reduce the benefits of marine migration for sea trout, and may also result in selection against anadromy in areas with high lice levels. Salmon lice-induced effects on sea trout populations may also extend to altered genetic composition and reduced diversity, and possibly to the local loss of sea trout, and establishment of exclusively freshwater resident populations.
Solitaire Flow Restoration device for thrombectomy recanalization of large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke: A Single-Center Experience.

Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-2155 / Solitaire Flow Restoration device for thrombectomy recanalization of large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke: A Single-Center Experience. " by: "C. Parra-Farinas1, A. Tomasello1, M. Ribo Jacobi1, P. Coscojuela1, E. Almazan2, M. Pardo Antunez1, C. Ortiz 1, S. Boned1, A. Rovira-Canellas1; 1Barcelona/ES, 2El Prat de Llobregat/ES"
A Hybrid-Mode Operational Transconductance Amplifier for an Adaptively Biased Low Dropout Regulator

This paper presents a hybrid-mode, operational transconductance amplifier (HM-OTA) to improve the dynamic response of an adaptively biased low dropout regulator (AB-LDR) while maintaining a low quiescent current. Using the proposed HMOTA in the AB-LDR, we can achieve higher dc gain and wider loop bandwidth compared to a conventional current-mode OTA (CM-OTA). Additionally, the proposed HM-OTA provides a high discharging slew-rate at the gate of the PMOS power transistor during a low-to-high load step. So, the proposed HM-OTA helps to achieve a good dc load regulation as well as a reduced undershoot during load transient. At the same time, the regulator requires a small value of the output capacitor for achieving the loop stability compared to the conventional differential-mode OTA (DM-OTA). The conventional CM-OTA and the DM-OTA turn out to be special cases of the proposed HM-OTA that does not occupy extra space in silicon or consume additional power to realize. The AB-LDR using the proposed HM-OTA has been implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The regulator consumes a quiescent current of 1.6-μA at the no-load condition with a transient variation of 24 mV at Vo = 1.2 V for 0-50 mA of load step with a 1-μF output capacitor.
Everolimus-associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer

Recently, everolimus (Evl) has been introduced in the management of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, in combination with aromatase inhibitors. Evl-induced acute kidney injury has hitherto been described in other malignancies, especially renal cell cancer, but only once before in a patient with breast cancer. We describe two cases of Evl-associated nephrotoxicity in patients with breast cancer, one of whom underwent a renal biopsy showing acute tubular necrosis. Both our patients improved after withdrawal of the offending agent and have normal renal functions on follow-up.
Modeling Perceptual Learning with Deep Networks

Modeling Perceptual Learning with Deep Networks Rachel Lee Stanford University Andrew Saxe Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA Abstract: The mechanisms underlying perceptual learning–how our brain changes as we gain competence in a perceptual task– remain a heavily debated topic. Since the early 2000’s, a number of authors have proposed competing theories on the loci of change for visual perceptual learning, ranging from V1, V4, to areas beyond the visual cortex associated with decision making processes (Dosher and Lu, 1998; Schoups, Vogels, et al., 2001). Instead of positing one loci of change in the brain, we argue that gradient descent can serve as an explicit learning rule to determine the loci of change. We show that a deep neural network trained with error-correcting backpropagation can reproduce a variety of results from neurobiology experiments, explaining both the detailed changes in neural representations in each layer, and the relative magnitude of changes seen in different levels of the visual hierarchy.
Studies of thermostability in Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel) single‐domain antibody specific for the mutant epidermal‐growth‐factor receptor expressed by Pichia

Camelids have a unique immune system capable of producing heavy‐chain antibodies lacking the light chains and CH1 (constant heavy‐chain domain 1). It has been shown that, in contrast with conventional antibody fragments, the variable domains of these heavy‐chain antibodies are functional at or after exposure to high temperatures. In the present study, the VHH (variable domain of heavy‐chain antibody) camel antibody was subcloned into vector Ppiczc and expressed in Pichia pastoris. ORB1‐83 VHH antibody recognizes the external domain of the mutant EGFR [EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor], EGFR VIII. This tumour‐specific antigen is ligand‐independent, contains a constitutively active tyrosine kinase domain and has been shown to be present in a number of human malignancies. We report here that, although expression from P. pastoris resulted in a significantly increased level of expression of the anti‐EGFR VIII VHH antibodies compared with Escherichia coli [Omidfar, Rasaee, Modjtahedi, Forouzandeh, Taghikhani, Bakhtiari, Paknejad and Kashanian (2004) Tumor Biol. 25, 179–187; Omidfar, Rasaee, Modjtahedi, Forouzandeh, Taghikhani and Golmakany (2004) Tumor Biol. 25, 296–305], this antibody selectively bound to the EGFR VIII peptide and reacted specifically with the immunoaffinity‐purified antigen from non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Furthermore, thermal denaturation stability and CD spectra analysis of the Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel) VHH and heavy‐chain antibodies at different temperature proved reversibility and binding activity after heat denaturation. Our results indicate that the P. pastoris expression system may be useful for the expression of camel single domain antibody and the ability of the expressed protein to reversibly melt without aggregation, allowing it to regain binding activity after heat denaturation.
Applying STOPP Guidelines in Primary Care Through Electronic Medical Record Decision Support: Randomized Control Trial Highlighting the Importance of Data Quality

Background Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (PIPs) are a common cause of morbidity, particularly in the elderly. Objective We sought to understand how the Screening Tool of Older People’s Prescriptions (STOPP) prescribing criteria, implemented in a routinely used primary care Electronic Medical Record (EMR), could impact PIP rates in community (non-academic) primary care practices. Methods We conducted a mixed-method, pragmatic, cluster, randomized control trial in research naïve primary care practices. Phase 1: In the randomized controlled trial, 40 fully automated STOPP rules were implemented as EMR alerts during a 16-week intervention period. The control group did not receive the 40 STOPP rules (but received other alerts). Participants were recruited through the OSCAR EMR user group mailing list and in person at user group meetings. Results were assessed by querying EMR data PIPs. EMR data quality probes were included. Phase 2: physicians were invited to participate in 1-hour semi-structured interviews to discuss the results. Results In the EMR, 40 STOPP rules were successfully implemented. Phase 1: A total of 28 physicians from 8 practices were recruited (16 in intervention and 12 in control groups). The calculated PIP rate was 2.6% (138/5308) (control) and 4.11% (768/18,668) (intervention) at baseline. No change in PIPs was observed through the intervention (P=.80). Data quality probes generally showed low use of problem list and medication list. Phase 2: A total of 5 physicians participated. All the participants felt that they were aware of the alerts but commented on workflow and presentation challenges. Conclusions The calculated PIP rate was markedly less than the expected rate found in literature (2.6% and 4.0% vs 20% in literature). Data quality probes highlighted issues related to completeness of data in areas of the EMR used for PIP reporting and by the decision support such as problem and medication lists. Users also highlighted areas for better integration of STOPP guidelines with prescribing workflows. Many of the STOPP criteria can be implemented in EMRs using simple logic. However, data quality in EMRs continues to be a challenge and was a limiting step in the effectiveness of the decision support in this study. This is important as decision makers continue to fund implementation and adoption of EMRs with the expectation of the use of advanced tools (such as decision support) without ongoing review of data quality and improvement. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02130895; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02130895 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6qyFigSYT)
EVOLUÇÃO DAS DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS NA UTILIZAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE: ANÁLISE PARA AS REGIÕES E AS UNIDADES DA FEDERAÇÃO DO BRASIL

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a evolucao das desigualdades sociais em saude no Brasil, identificando o padrao de desigualdade relacionada a condicao socioeconomica mensurada pela renda nas diferentes regioes e Estados do pais. Para esta finalidade sao estimados indices de concentracao e de equidade horizontal, os desvios-padrao de ambos os indices sao simulados por bootstrap que considera a amostragem complexa da Pnad. Os resultados apontam para a existencia de desigualdade favoravel aos mais ricos em consultas medicas com lenta melhora ao longo do tempo e para equidade horizontal no caso de internacoes no mesmo periodo analisado. Alem disso, em ambos os casos, desigualdades regionais sao evidentes, embora todas as regioes tenham evoluido de forma semelhante ao longo da decada. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE