Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associative effects between feeds when concentrate supplements are fed to grazing dairy cows: a review of likely impacts on metabolisable energy supply

Efficient conversion of grazed pasture and supplementary feeds into milk is essential to the profitability of dairy farming in southern Australia as costs of production continue to rise. The application of diet formulation approaches to the nutritional management of grazing dairy cows provides unique challenges in predicting the interactions that occur between grazed herbage and supplementary feeds. How feed intake and associative effects between feeds in lactating dairy cows grazing pasture might affect estimated metabolisable energy supplied by the diet are examined. The effects of increasing feed intake in high-producing dairy cows on decreasing the digestibility of energy, and the compensatory effects of reduced methane production, are reviewed. The factors affecting intake of grazing cows and possible effects on digestibility are considered, and include characteristics of the pasture/forage and amounts and forms of concentrates. Estimates of the potential magnitude of negative associative effects in dairy cows have been made using 2 datasets from recent experiments. Finally, the potential importance of understanding and predicting the magnitude of associative effects for efficient pasture-based dairy production is discussed. It is concluded that although associative effects between feeds in grazing dairy cows cannot be predicted with certainty, and although they involve complex interactions among a number of variables, ignoring their occurrence can lead to significant errors in both feed evaluation and ration formulation.
Die Hemmung von Agrobacterium tumefaciens durch D-Aminosäuren

The growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in nutrient solution can be inhibited by all ᴅ-amino acids used in these experiments. The degree of inhibition is of different in magnitude; in some cases the inhibition is complete. The inhibition is dependent on the concentration of ᴅ-amino acid and can not be counteracted by addition of L-amino acid or glycine; it is increased by K2CO3. After 28 transfers, all ᴅ-amino acid used in these experiments lead to reduction or complete loss of virulence. It can be assumed that ᴅ-amino acids induce independently loss of virulence and inhibition of growth.
Native African Chicken: Valuable genetic resources for future breeding improvement

Introduction Africa is a continent rich in biodiversity. With a geographical area of about 30.4 million square kilometers, the continent is endowed with diverse animal genetic resources. Native chickens are an integral part of the African landscape, being the most adaptable and geographically widespread livestock species in Africa. Their habitats range from the cool alpine climate of the highlands of Eastern Africa to the hot dry temperatures of the North African deserts including the hot humid tropics of West Africa. The total chicken population in Africa is estimated at 1.2 billion (80% of which are native chickens) producing 1,695,620 metric tons of eggs and 2,096,000 metric tons of meat (FAO 2004). Native chickens represent a major component within the poultry sub-sector, especially in low-income food-deficit countries of Africa where the net income/person/annum amounts to less than US$ 1,505 (Gueye 2000). Most African native chickens have evolved through natural selection for adaptation to various agro-ecoclimatological conditions and to a very limited extent, through artificial selection based on the socio-cultural and economic objectives of a given community. The sheer population size of native chickens implies that ample investment in research in this sector is indeed a matter of great urgency. It is also important to note that these chickens are also growing in economic importance in several African countries. The importance of native chicken in sustaining livelihoods cannot be overemphasized. They fulfill several functions, some of which are difficult to assign any monetary value (pest control, socio-cultural etc.), with the most important being income generation and home consumption (Gueye 2003; Table 1, page 16). Native chicken production is highly favourable to low-input/output production systems due to low capital investment, high cost efficiency, flexible production system and low production risk (Kitalyi 1998). Native chickens are raised under extensive management (scavenger) systems that are characterized by low capital outlays and economic risks
Field Collection and Short‐Term Storage of Walleye Semen

Abstract The goal of this research project was to develop approaches and methods for large-scale field collection and short-term storage of semen obtained from walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum). Male walleyes were most effectively collected by trap-netting in shallow water (1–2 m deep). Most fish (78%n) were collected at water temperatures higher than 6°C. The ratio of males to females in the catch was inversely related to water temperature. An efficient concentration of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) for anesthesia prior to stripping was established at 99 mg! L; time to immobilization averaged 211 s. Average amounts of semen produced per fish from first, second, and third daily strippings were 3.1, 1.3, and 0.5 mL, respectively. Semen was preserved in extender (1 part fresh semen : 2 parts extender) and stored in plastic sandwich containers (11.4 × 10.8 cm). Each container held 24 mL of preserved semen. Eggs were fertilized with 4.0 mL of extended semen per liter of eggs. Over a 5-year period, hatching .
Hibernation and Daily Torpor in Marsupials - a Review

Most heterothermic marsupials appear to display one of the two patterns of torpor that have been described in placental mammals. During shallow, daily torpor body temperature (T(b)) falls for several hours from about 35-degrees-C to values between 11 and 28-degrees-C, depending on the species, and metabolic rates fall to about 10-60% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR). In contrast during deep and prolonged torpor (hibernation), T(b) falls to about 1-5-degrees-C, metabolic rates to about 2-6% of BMR and torpor bouts last for 5-23 days. Shallow, daily torpor has been observed in the opossums (Didelphidae), the carnivorous marsupials (Dasyuridae) and the small possums (Petauridae). Daily torpor may also occur in the numbat (Myrmecobiidae) and the marsupial mole (Notoryctidae). Deep and prolonged torpor (hibernation) has been observed in the pygmy possums (Burramyidae), feathertail glider (Acrobatidae) and Dromiciops australis (Microbiotheriidae). The patterns of torpor in marsupials are paralleled by those of monotremes, placentals and even birds. These similarities in torpor patterns provide some support to the hypothesis that torpor may be plesiomorphic. However, as endothermy and torpor in birds apparently has evolved separately from that in mammals and as torpor occurrence in mammals can change within only a few generations it appears more likely that torpor in endotherms is convergent.
Daily intake of anthropogenic pollutants through yogurt consumption in the Spanish population

In the present study we have quantified the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commercially available brands of yogurt (17 conventional and 15 organic) present in the Spanish market, with the goal of estimating the daily intake of these contaminants by the Spanish population through the yogurt consumption. On the one hand, with respect to organochlorine contaminants (OCPs and PCBs) our results showed that hexachlorobenzene, p,pʹ-DDE, and all the PCBs congeners that are considered markers of environmental contamination were present in almost all the yogurt samples. The concentrations of these pollutants were found to be very low [well below the toxicological standard limits established by the European Union (http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/? event=homepage)] in almost all the samples, but were even lower in organic than in conventionally produced yogurts. It is remarkable that in some of the samples (six conventional and three organic yogurts) the current maximum level for dioxin-like PCBs (2.5pg WHO-TEQ/g−1 fat) was exceeded. On the other hand, with respect to PAHs, the mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and chrysene were frequently detected in yogurt. From these results we have estimated that the daily intake of these pollutants is in general low. However, it should be highlighted that if the consumer inadvertently choose certain yogurts they could be exposed to high amounts of certain pollutants, that could be even higher than the tolerated daily intakes established by the European Union.
Validación de dos cuestionarios para evaluar el nivel de actividad física y el tiempo sedentario en una comunidad universitaria de Colombia

Objective: Evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short version) in a university community. Methodology: A total of 76 people from the University of Antioquia, Medellin (Colombia), aged between 18 and 44, carried an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X +) for seven days and subsequently filled out the two questionnaires; these were repeated a week later. The validity and reliability for assessing energy expenditure (EE) and sedentary time (ST) was determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); concordance to classify the physical activity level (PAL) was evaluated with the weighted Kappa index (wKI). Results: To measure the EE , IPAQ showed a “moderate” validity (ICC = 0.434, CI 95% = 0.231-0.600; p <0.001) and the “poor” QPAQ (ICC = 0.335, CI 95% = 0.123-0.519; p <0.001); for ST , the validity of both questionnaires was "poor" (IPAQ : ICC = 0.234, CI 95% = 0.011-0.435, p <0.020; GPAQ: ICC = 0.231, CI 95% = 0.009-0.432, p <0.021). To classify the PAL (low, moderate or high), both questionnaires showed "low" concordance (IPAQ: wKI = 0.298, p = 0.001; GQAP: wKI = 0.137, p = 0.119). The reliability of the GPAQ for assessing EE was “good/excellent” (ICC = 0.838; CI 95% = 0.754-0.895; p <0.001) and the IPAQ was “moderate” (ICC = 0.655; IC 95% = 0.505-0.766 ; p <0.001). The reliability for ST was "moderate" in both instruments (IPAQ: ICC = 0.716; CI 95% = 0.583-0.811; p <0.001; GPAQ: ICC = 0.736; CI 95% = 0.613-0.824; p <0.001). Conclusions: The questionnaires showed little validity for measuring PAL and ST . However, both instruments presented good reliability for measuring the variables studied. The use of questionnaires for the population studied is not recommended.
Herding Behavior in the UAE Equity Markets: Evidence From a Regime-Switching Model

This paper is investigated herding and cross-herding behavior in the UAE equity markets during the period from January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2019. Herding behavior is tested in both static and regime-switching framework. The findings of the paper suggest a presence of significant herd behavior in the UAE markets. Herding asymmetries are detected with respect to market returns and volatility where herding appears more pronounced during market declines and high volatility regime. Additionally, the results suggest a significant herding effect during the global financial crisis. The findings also show strong cross-market herding during the period of market stress. Results from this study could be useful gaining an insight into the functioning of the UAE stock markets for academicians in behavioral finance also as for policymakers.
EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AS A MODEL FOR ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS

This article reviewed employee training and development as a model for organizational performance and effectiveness. The various literatures reviewed on the topic in question showed that, training and development had positively correlated and claimed statistical significant relationship with employee performance and effectiveness and can advance organizational growth and success. In order to improve employee training and development as well as improved performance and service delivery, it is recommended that management should increase the number of employees taking part in training and development.
ASSESSMENT OF MOTORISTS’ COMPLIANCE TO SEAT BELT REGULATION IN NIGERIA

The work is an attempt to assess the level of compliance by motorists to seat belt regulation in Nigeria. Specifically it evaluates the seat belts usage rates along Enugu- Port Harcourt, ENUPHC and Port Harcourt- Enugu, PHC-ENU traffic corridors based on vehicle type and front seat occupants. Data was collected from two sites at Osisioma junction in Aba Abia state, Nigeria by direct observations at designated points. The findings of the observation were treated with percentage analysis where each category of vehicle is treated separately with percentage table analysis. Results on the road side observation survey of seat belt use revealed that wearing seat belt along Enugu- Port Harcourt, ENU-PHC and Port Harcourt- Enugu, PHC-ENU traffic corridor is very low. The overall wearing rate for the aforementioned routes was 24.8%, 26.0% and 23.8% for all occupants, drivers and front seat passengers respectively. It is concluded that the overall wearing rates were consistently higher for drivers than for front seat passengers in most vehicle categories and routes sampled. Thus we recommend that the enforcement officials pay close attention to taxis, buses, luxury buses, pickup/vans, trucks and articulated vehicle occupants who tend to significantly show lower seat belt use since this can save more lives when these types of vehicles get involved in traffic crashes.
Analysis of cyanide in cassava using acid hydrolysis of cyanogenic glucosides

Guided by the results of NMR experiments on the reactivity of linamarin in alkali and acid, an acid hydrolysis method was developed for cyanide analysis in cassava. Hydrolysis in 2·0 M H2SO4 at 100°C for 50 min of a cassava extract produced cyanohydrins which rapidly decomposed to cyanide ion in alkali. Excess pH 6 buffer was added, followed by chloramine-T and pyridine/barbituric acid (Konig reaction) to produce a purple solution which was measured spectrophotometrically at 583 nm. The colour intensity depended on pH and phosphate concentration, hence accurate results required similar solution conditions for KCN standards. The method gave reasonable agreement with results obtained by the use of linamarase, and adequate recoveries of added linamarin (70–95% dependent on conditions). Acid hydrolysis is cheaper than the enzymic method using linamarase, which is expensive. Also the pyridine/barbituric acid reagent used in the acid hydrolysis method is cheaper and more stable than the pyridine/pyrazolone normally used in the enzymic method. Six locally grown cultivars gave <30 mg HCN kg−1 fresh tuber, and one cultivar (SM 1–150) contained only 4 mg HCN kg−1 fresh weight. Analyses of the same cultivar grown more recently gave values of 13–27 mg HCN kg−1, showing the need for a study of the environmental factors influencing the cyanide content of cassava tubers.
PESQUISAS SOBRE GESTÃO DE PESSOAS EM GESTÃO DE PROJETOS: ANÁLISE DE REVISTAS ACADÊMICAS BRASILEIRAS NO PERÍODO DE 2005-2017

The aim of this article is to describe how the People Management is inserted in the research on Project Management in the Brazilian academic journals between the years 2005 and 2017. The data collection began with the search for articles published in Brazilian journals that presented the terms "People Management" and "Projects", as well as "Human Resources" and "Projects". The sites of the selected journals were visited and all editions between 2005 and 2017 were analyzed. The 62 articles that passed the inclusion criteria, including the topic People Management in research on Project Management, were downloaded and the metadata exported to an Excel spreadsheet. After this phase the analysis of the metadata of the research corpus and subsequent critical analysis of the content of the selected articles were performed. The results point out that the theme of People Management is the central object of analysis in a small number of articles in the Project Management area, being addressed transversally in many researches that deal with project maturity, strategy, risk, among others. It is noteworthy that the main journal that published the topics researched was the journal GeP, followed by the journals Production, JISTEM and Produção On Line. A relevant aspect found in this research is that many articles have examined Knowledge Management and Competences, these topics being presented as determinants of greater productivity or success in Project Management. Another important point is that many studies have analyzed the allocation of people in a rational instrumental perspective.
Risk of Dengue Incidence in Children and Adolescents in Zulia, Venezuela, using a Negative Binomial Generalized Linear Mixed Model

Introduction: Dengue is the most important arboviral disease. Its incidence has increased 30-fold over the last 50 years, causing global concerns. Studies have showed children to be the most vulnerable. Methods: Observational study using dengue cases from Zulia state, Venezuela, modelling through a Negative Binomial Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) accounting for heterogeneity in the variance via a hierarchical Bayesian framework, was done. We assessed risk factors such as age and sex. The Bayesian framework enabled the estimation of Relative Risk (RR) and a Binomial regression was run using the WinBUGS software. Results: During 2002-2008, there were 49,330 cases of dengue in Zulia state, Venezuela. Most of them (18.71%) in 2007. The model revealed that children aged from 5 to 14 y-old had 1.59-higher risk (95%CI 1.41-1.79) compared with those aged from 0-4 y-old. Those aged 25-44 years old and ≥45, have significantly less RR than the baseline category, RR 0.5228 (95%CI 0.46-0.59) and 0.3069 (95%CI 0.27-0.34). Conclusions: The findings confirmed that groups most at risk were children aged 5 to 14 years. Modelling and predicting dengue epidemiology are still a need in multiple countries, especially those at risk of newer epidemics, as is the case of Zulia and Venezuela.
Heat Shock (σ32 and HrcA/CIRCE) Regulons in β-, γ- and ε-Proteobacteria

During heat shock, the main strategy of an organism is defense from denatured proteins. This is performed by chaperones that refold and proteases that cut abnormal proteins. In studying the σ32 and HrcA regulons in β- and γ-proteobacteria, we have found some new potential participants in the heat shock response and proposed the protein disulfide isomerase function for one of them. We describe the connection between the two regulons through cross-regulation of the HrcA repressor and σ32 in some β-proteobacteria. Finally, we predict the binding signal for HrcA in Ε-proteobacteria.
Spoofing and Price Manipulation in Order-Driven Markets

ABSTRACT We model the trading strategy of an investor who spoofs the limit order book (LOB) to increase the revenue obtained from selling a position in a security. The strategy employs, in addition to sell limit orders (LOs) and sell market orders (MOs), a large number of spoof buy LOs to manipulate the volume imbalance of the LOB. Spoofing is illegal, so the strategy trades off the gains that originate from spoofing against the expected financial losses due to a fine imposed by the financial authorities. As the fine increases, the investor relies less on spoofing, and if the fine is large, the investor does not spoof the LOB. The arrival rate of buy MOs increases because other traders interpret the spoofed buy-heavy LOB as an upward pressure on prices. When the fine is low, spoofing considerably increases the revenues from liquidating a position. Spoofing increases the PnL because (i) the investor employs fewer MOs to draw the inventory to zero and benefits from roundtrip trades, which stem from spoof buy LOs that are ‘inadvertently’ filled and subsequently unwound with sell LOs; and (ii) the midprice trends upward when the book is buy-heavy; therefore the spoofer sells the asset at better prices.
Training Strategies for CNN-based Models to Parse Complex Floor Plans

A floor plan is one of the most fundamental diagrams for architectural design. Considering a large proportion of floor plans are rasterized images, we believe that parsing the rasterized images is a crucial procedure to automate architectural design. In this study, we evaluate the use of convolutional neural network (CNN) based image segmentation methods to handle floor plan parsing, instead of traditional measures such as template matching. Especially, we analyzed samples whose features are difficult for CNN-based models to learn; thus, we propose two training strategies, separate training and the use of a weighted loss function, to improve the learning accuracy for such complex samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategies performed well for the complex samples, generating more favorable parsing output.
Distribution, bioecological peculiarities of staphylinids (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in livestock biocenoses of forest-steppe and steppe Ukraine

As a result of research in the territory of livestock farms, 103 species of predatory Coleoptera were found, including Staphylinidae accounting for 51.4%, Histeridae – 27.3%, Carabidae – 21.3%. A total of 39 species of the Staphylinidae family were identified, belonging to 5 subfamilies: Oxytelinae, Steninae, Staphylininae, Tachyporinae, Aleocharinae. Species composition of staphylinids varied in relation to the types of animal rearing premises. In cowsheds and calf pens species diversity was higher (35 species). To study the peculiarities of feeding in laboratory conditions, we monitored 9 species of Staphylinidae: Philonthus addendus Sharp, Ph. cruentatus (Gmel.), Ph. rectangulus Sharp, Ph. varians (Payk.), Ph. spinipes Sharp, Ph. nitidus F. , Creophilus maxillosus (L.), Ontholestes murinus (L.), Oxytelus sp. Feeding specialization of imagoes and larvae of different ages was studied. We determined that the mass of food consumed per day is higher than the weight of the beetles. Large species of staphylinids prefer feeding on average-aged larvae of flies and can eat puparia. Peculiarities of the development of coprophilous staphylinids were studied on the example of Ph. spinipes Sharp. During 24 h a female laid 1–3 eggs (in +28°С). Duration of the egg phase depends on the temperature regime (in +20 °С – 4–5, +28 °С – 3–4 days). Cessation of egg laying was observed with decrease in the temperature to +14 °С. The development takes part in three larval stages. Duration of the larva phase at +28 °С was 8–10 days, at +20 °С – 13–14 days. The first moulting was observed on the 2–3th days (in +28 °С) after the larvae emerged from the eggs. At +28 °С the pupa phase lasted 8–10 days. Decrease in temperature prolonged the rate of the development. At +24 °С it practically did not change (9–10 days), at +18 °С – increased to 13–15 days.
Townscapes, Gentlemen and Bizarre Characters: The Importance of Natsume Sōseki's Studies in London

The article focuses on Natsume Sōseki’s letters, diaries and sketches related to his stay in London from 1900 till the end of 1902. It presents passages from his correspondence with his wife and friends in which he describes his surroundings, his mindset and the people he meets while abroad. It also explores the autobiographical sketches: The Carlyle Museum (1905) and Spring Miscellany (1909), analysing the images and narrative techniques which anticipate Sōseki’s later development as a writer.