Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consolidación de Ibiza como destino turístico (finales del siglo XX)

espanolIbiza es un destino turistico del Mediterraneo conocido internacionalmente por su oferta de sol y playa. Este trabajo es un estudio historico del turismo en Ibiza durante el ultimo cuarto del siglo XX. El crecimiento permanecio, pe ro fue necesario hacer frente a las consecuencias del rapido crecimiento turistico de las decadas anteriores: limitacion de la oferta; proteccion ambiental; modernizacion de la oferta; diversificacion de los mercados emisores. La crisis economica de princi pios de los noventa fue un punto de inflexion para los empresarios turisticos, el crecimiento cuantitativo fue sustituido por la mejora cualitativa. A partir de entonces, los empresarios han liderado los cambios e innovaciones en el sector, llegando a la situacion actual. El ultimo cuarto del siglo XX es la transicion entre el Boom Turistico de los sesenta y la Ibiza turistica de la actualidad. EnglishIbiza is a Mediterranean tourist destination known internationally for its sun and beach offer. This paper is a historical study of tourism in Ibiza during the last quarter of the 20th century. Growth remained but it was necessary to cope with the consequences of the rapid tourist growth of previous decades: supply limitation; environmental protection; modernization of supply; diversification of outbound markets. The economic crisis of the early nineties was a turning point for tourism entrepreneurs; quantitative growth was replaced by qualitative improvement. Since then, entrepreneurs have led the changes and innovations in the sector, reaching the current situation. The last quarter of the 20th century is the transition between the Tourist Boom of the sixties and today's tourist Ibiza.
Let beholders behold: can banks see beyond oil booms and mitigate the Dutch disease?

While the potential role of oil booms in crowding out the tradable sector is well documented in the Dutch disease literature, the potential contribution of bank lending behaviour to the oil resource curse syndrome remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we investigate contrasting variations in bank credit flows to the tradable (manufacturing) and non-tradable (service) sectors, across 14 oil-rich economies during 1994-2017, in order to shed light on whether bank lending behaviour mitigates or accentuates the syndrome. We uncover new evidence of significant contraction in the manufacturing sector share of bank credit during oil booms, while the service sector share of bank lending expands. Overall, our results are robust to alternative tests and unequivocally reject the hypothesis that banks can see beyond oil booms by allocating credit across sectors in a manner that mimics countervailing monetary policy to intermediate oil windfalls and mitigate the Dutch disease. Rather, bank sectoral credit allocation accentuates the Dutch disease by crowding out the tradable sector.
The digital divide in adoption and use of a personal health record.

BACKGROUND Personal health records (PHRs) offer the potential to improve the patient experience and the quality of patient care. However, the "digital divide," the population-level gap in Internet and computer access, may prevent certain groups from accessing the PHR. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a PHR within a northeastern health system. We compared adopters (ie, those activating a PHR account online) with nonadopters (ie, those who see a physician offering the PHR but do not activate an account). We further categorized adopters by intensity of PHR use, measured by number of log-ins and number of messages sent to physicians' practices. RESULTS As of September 30, 2009, among 75,056 patients, 43% had adopted the PHR since 2002. Blacks and Hispanics were less likely to adopt the PHR compared with whites (odds ratio [OR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.55; and 0.64; 0.57-0.73, respectively), and those with lower annual income were less likely to adopt the PHR than were those with higher income. Compared with nonadopters, adopters were more likely to have more than 2 comorbidities (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.17-1.30). Use of an aggressive marketing strategy for PHR enrollment increased adoption nearly 3-fold (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.58-5.40). Intensity of use was best predicted by increasing number of comorbidities, followed by race/ethnicity (whites more than blacks and Hispanics) and insurance status. We found no association between income and log-in frequency or secure messages sent. CONCLUSIONS Despite increasing Internet availability, racial/ethnic minority patients adopted a PHR less frequently than white patients, and patients with the lowest annual income adopted a PHR less often than those with higher incomes. Among adopters, however, income did not have an effect on PHR use.
Risk factors for Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: results from the FINBAR study.

AIM To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients, 227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 controls. All participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk factors. RESULTS Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0 (95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48 (95% CI 2.25-5.41)]. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex- or current smokers [OR 1.72 (95% CI 1.06-2.81) and OR 4.84 (95% CI 2.72-8.61) respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69 (95% CI 1.62-4.46)]. No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's oesophagus. Fruit but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.30-0.86)]. CONCLUSION A high body mass index, a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Challenges of 40 Gb/s WDM transmission

In addition to the required high-bandwidth electronics, wavelength-division-multiplexed 40 Gb/s transmission faces a number of challenges including optical-signal-to-noise ratio, dispersion and dispersion slope, and polarization mode dispersion. We discuss these issues as well as polarization multiplexing, a potential technique to achieve 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency.
Allele-Specific PCR Method Based on pncAand oxyR Sequences for Distinguishing Mycobacterium bovis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Intraspecific M. bovis pncA Sequence Polymorphism

ABSTRACT An allele-specific amplification method based on two genetic polymorphisms to differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosisfrom Mycobacterium bovis was tested. Based on the differences found at position 169 in the pncA genes fromM. tuberculosis and M. bovis, a PCR system which was able to differentiate most of the 237 M. tuberculosis complex isolates tested in one of the two species was developed. All 121 M. tuberculosis strains showed the expected base (cytosine) at position 169. Most of the M. bovis isolates had a guanine at the cited position. Nevertheless, 18 of the 116 M. bovis isolates, all of them goat isolates, showed the pncA polymorphism specific to M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that goat M. bovis may be the nicotinamidase-missing link at the origin of theM. tuberculosis species. Based on the polymorphism found at position 285 in the oxyR gene, the same system was used to differentiate M. tuberculosis from M. bovis. In this case, DNAs from all 121 M. tuberculosis isolates had the expected base (guanine) at this position. In addition, all 116M. bovis isolates, including those from goats, showed the identical polymorphism (adenine). The oxyR allele-specific amplification method can differentiate M. bovis fromM. tuberculosis, is rapid (results can be obtained in less than 3 h), and is easy to perform.
What is design for reliability and what is not?

Reliability is no longer a separate activity performed by a distinct group within the organization. Product reliability goals, concerns and activities are integrated into nearly every function and process of an organization. Each organization must factor reliability into every decision in order to ensure produce a successful product. The old Test-Analyze-and-Fix philosophies no longer have a place in today's design process due to continuous cost reduction pressures and reduced design cycles. The motivation to implement a Design for Reliability (DfR) process include: 1) Higher Demand for Reliability that cannot be achieved using previous reliability techniques 2) Faster time to market 3) More emphasis on reducing cost 4) Fast moving technology, which creates new risks to development programs. Successful implementation of the DfR process will reduce the product development cycle, lower the design cost, and improve customer satisfaction.
Sprinting analysis of elite soccer players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches

Abstract It has been suggested that assessment of high-intensity activities during a match is a valid measure of physical performance in elite soccer. Recently, sprinting activities have been analysed in more depth. The aim of this study was to develop a detailed analysis of the sprinting activities of different playing positions during European Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions. Altogether, 717 elite outfield soccer players were evaluated throughout 2002–2006 using ProZone® (Leeds, UK). Sprinting (explosive and leading) was analysed for each playing position. To compare positional differences, a Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed. Differences were found among positions for total number of sprints and total sprint distance covered: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001), as well as for explosive sprints: (wide midfielders = attackers = wide defenders) > central defenders, wide midfielders > central midfielders > central defenders and attackers = wide defenders = central midfielders (P < 0.001), and leading sprints: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001). For each group, there were no differences in ratio of explosive to leading sprints. Wide midfielders performed a higher number of sprints in all five distance categories than all other positions. This study showed that sprinting characteristics are influenced by position. Wide midfielders have to complete additional high-intensity activities during training sessions compared with the other positions to achieve the performance level required during the match.
A 5 ns store barrier cache with dynamic prediction of load/store conflicts in superscalar processors

Many superscalar processors support out-of-order instruction execution and executes multiple instructions per cycle. One of the hazards of executing instructions out of order occurs when a prior instruction store is at the same memory location as a later instruction load, but the execution of the load occurs before the store is complete. Dynamic prediction about a store instruction involved in a load/store hazard can be used to delay a load instruction execution that is later in program order. The load/store conflict-prediction mechanism consists of a two-way set associative, 32-entry, two-ported SRAM cache used to contain information on store instructions involved in load/store conflicts.
Economic Policy Challenges of Small European Countries

The aim of this paper is to study the pace and role of small states in international economic relations. The main characteristics of small states are a high degree of economic openness, export concentration and high dependence on strategic imports. In addition, their significant features are also indivisibility of overhead costs and diseconomies of scale. There is no single definition of small states since the size is a relative term. In addition to the size of population, sometimes other indicators are used as size criteria such as territory size or gross domestic product. This paper emphasizes the endogenous and macroeconomic characteristics of small states in detail and some small countries’ problems that can be challenging in developing their economies. Furthermore, the concepts of small states’ economic vulnerability and resilience are covered. This paper pays special attention to arguments in favor of regional cooperation among small countries. The final part of the paper is dedicated to the similarities, and also economic differences among the small European states. It also highlights the benefits of small states’ membership into the European Union. Numerous economic benefits for small countries arise from the process of regional integration, especially with regard to strengthening economic resilience, foreign trade, strengthening their bargaining power, joint management of regional public goods, receiving technical assistance and geopolitical aspect.
1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3: A novel agent for enhancing wound healing

1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), has diverse effects in a variety of tissues and cell types, including skin. Since 1,25(OH)2D3 affects both fibroblast and keratinocytes, we evalauated the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 or wound healing. We investigated the effect of the topically applied 1,25(OH)2D3 or vehicle on the healing of cutaneous wounds in rats in a blinded manner. Wound areas were measured by planimetry technique. Healing was expressed as the percentage of the original wound area that was healed. 1,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations between 5 and 50 ng/day caused a dose‐dependent acceleration of healing. Time course and specificity studies indicated that 1,25(OH)2D3 specifically promoted healing between 1–5 days after wounding as compared with vitamin D (0.5 μg/day), which showed no significant improvement over control. Our results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogues may be a new class of compounds that could be developed to enhance wound healing. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low complexity massive MIMO detection architecture based on Neumann method

Massive (or large-scale) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology becomes one of the most promising concept in 5th generation wireless system. In the uplink of a massive MIMO system, large dimensional channel matrix inversion becomes the most challenging issue of hardware implementation. In the previous work, Neumann series based matrix inversion method (Neumann method) was proposed as an approximated inversion method. However, the conventional Neumann method shows a considerable performance degradation compared to the exact matrix inversion. In this paper, we propose a 3-order Neumann method based architecture to achieve a reasonable tradeoff between detection performance and hardware complexity. In the proposed approach, only numerically dominant (diagonal and near diagonal) elements of approximated inversion matrix are judiciously used for a low complexity matrix inversion. The proposed matrix inversion hardware was implemented using 65-nm CMOS process. The experimental results show that our matrix inversion hardware shows 45% area reduction while maintaining a reasonable BER performance.
A model for electrical resonance and frequency tuning in saccular hair cells of the bull‐frog, Rana catesbeiana.

1. Electrical resonance in solitary hair cells was examined under several experimental conditions using the tight‐seal recording technique in the whole‐cell current‐clamp mode. 2. Resonance was characterized by the frequency and quality factor of oscillations in membrane potential evoked by depolarizing current pulses. Oscillation frequency increased with depolarization, from about 90 Hz at the resting potential to a limiting value of about 250 Hz. The quality factor of the oscillations was a bell‐shaped function of membrane potential that reached a maximum of up to 12.6 at a potential slightly positive to the resting potential. 3. Pharmacological experiments were performed to assess which of three ionic currents participate in electrical resonance. Reduction of the voltage‐gated Ca2+ current (ICa) and the Ca2+‐activated K+ current (IK(Ca)) by lowering the extracellular Ca2+ concentration, or reduction of IK(Ca) with tetraethylammonium ion (TEA) degraded the resonance. In contrast, blockade of the transient K+ current (IA) with 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) had no significant effect. 4. To test the sufficiency of the Ca2+ and the Ca2+‐activated K+ currents to account for resonance, we developed a model using mathematical descriptions of the two currents derived in the preceding paper (Hudspeth & Lewis, 1988), with additional terms for leakage conductance and membrane capacitance. The model correctly predicts the oscillatory responses to applied current pulses, including the non‐linear dependences of oscillation frequency and quality factor on membrane potential. 5. Simulations of current‐clamp experiments in the presence of a reduced extracellular Ca2+ concentration or of TEA were generated respectively by decreasing the model's values for the maximal Ca2+ or Ca2+‐activated K+ conductances. The model's predictions of membrane‐potential oscillations under these conditions agree qualitatively with experimental results, providing further support for the model as a description of the resonance mechanism. 6. To identify the factors most important in determining the hair cell's resonance properties, we systematically altered the values of selected parameters in the model. Frequency was most profoundly influenced by increasing the magnitude and activation rate of the Ca2+‐activated K+ conductance, whereas the quality factor was most sensitive to increases in the level of the Ca2+ conductance. 7. By including a term describing activation of the hair cell's mechanically sensitive transduction conductance, we used the model to predict a tuning curve for responses to mechanical inputs of various frequencies. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Prognostic value of sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis over PGD.

BACKGROUND Sperm aneuploidy screening is now widely used as a counseling tool before performing a PGD cycle in infertile patients. The goal of this study was to determine whether sperm aneuploidy has a direct influence on embryo chromosomal abnormalities. METHODS Two groups were set up: (i) study group consisting of 13 oocyte-donation PGD cycles from males with normal karyotype and a previous altered sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) result and (ii) control group including nine cycles of PGD for X-linked disease with no fertility problems and maternal age <36 years. Sperm samples and Day 3 embryos were evaluated using FISH for chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 and 21. RESULTS A total of 179 embryos were analyzed: 91 embryos for the control group versus 88 for the study group. The study group presented more abnormal embryos than the control group (51.14% versus 35.16%; P = 0.0353). Patients from the study group were then classified according to sperm count. Oligozoospermic patients showed a much higher proportion of abnormal embryos compared with the control group (64.87% versus 35.16%; P = 0.0030). CONCLUSIONS Sperm aneuploidy and diploidy screening seems to be an effective prognostic tool that would be useful in the reproductive genetic counseling of infertile couples, especially in oligozoospermic patients.
Using DGGE and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to evaluate changes in oral bacterial composition.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a standard dental prophylaxis followed by tooth brushing with an antibacterial dentifrice will affect the oral bacterial community, as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) combined with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. METHODS Twenty-four healthy adults were instructed to brush their teeth using commercial dentifrice for 1 week during a washout period. An initial set of pooled supragingival plaque samples was collected from each participant at baseline (0 h) before prophylaxis treatment. The subjects were given a clinical examination and dental prophylaxis and asked to brush for 1 min with a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer and 0.243% sodium fluoride (Colgate Total). On the following day, a second set of pooled supragingival plaque samples (24 h) was collected. Total bacterial genomic DNA was isolated from the samples. Differences in the microbial composition before and after the prophylactic procedure and tooth brushing were assessed by comparing the DGGE profiles and 16S rRNA gene segments sequence analysis. RESULTS Two distinct clusters of DGGE profiles were found, suggesting that a shift in the microbial composition had occurred 24 h after the prophylaxis and brushing. A detailed sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene segments further identified 6 phyla and 29 genera, including known and unknown bacterial species. Importantly, an increase in bacterial diversity was observed after 24 h, including members of the Streptococcaceae family, Prevotella, Corynebacterium, TM7 and other commensal bacteria. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the use of a standard prophylaxis followed by the use of the dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer and 0.243% sodium fluoride may promote a healthier composition within the oral bacterial community.
Distribution of Neurotensin and Somatostatin‐28 (1–12) in the Minipig Brainstem

Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, an in depth study has been carried out for the first time on the distribution of fibres and cell bodies containing neurotensin and somatostatin‐28 (1–12) (SOM) in the minipig brainstem. The animals used were not treated with colchicine. The distribution of neurotensin‐ and SOM‐immunoreactive fibres was seen to be quite similar and was moderate in the minipig brainstem: a close anatomical relationship between both neuropeptides was observed. The distribution of cell bodies containing neurotensin or SOM was quite different and restricted. Cell bodies containing neurotensin were found in four brainstem nuclei: nucleus centralis raphae, nucleus dorsalis raphae, in the pars centralis of the nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and in the nucleus ventralis raphae. Cell bodies containing SOM were found in six nuclei/regions of the brainstem: nucleus ambiguus, nucleus dorsalis motorius nervi vagus, formatio reticularis, nucleus parabrachialis medialis, nucleus reticularis lateralis and nucleus ventralis raphae. According to the observed anatomical distribution of the immunoreactive structures containing neurotensin or SOM, the peptides could be involved in sleep‐waking, nociceptive, gustatory, motor, respiratory and autonomic mechanisms.
Prediction of outcome after rectus femoris surgery in cerebral palsy: the role of cocontraction of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis.

Rectus femoris surgery was performed on 70 patients with cerebral palsy and stiff-knee gait. Fifty-three patients underwent distal rectus transfer, and 17 patients had distal rectus release with complete muscle mobilization. Gait analysis was performed preoperatively and postoperatively at a minimum of 1 year. Swing-phase peak knee flexion (PKF) was improved in the transfer group, allowing improved foot clearance and more efficient gait (p = 0.04). PKF in swing deteriorated slightly in the release group (p = 0.04). The presence of abnormal swing-phase electromyogram (EMG) activity in the rectus alone or abnormal combined rectus and vastus lateralis activity did not influence the PKF results in either surgery (p < 0.05). The Ely test had no predictive value in identifying patients with abnormal EMG activity (p > 0.05). Preoperative knee range of motion was not a significant variable in determining relative success of rectus surgery. No deleterious effects were observed in stance phase in either group (p > 0.05).