Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE FILTERING BASED RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM

— Recommender Engine is a specific type of smart system that uses old user feedback on products and/or additional information to make useful product recommendations. This assumes a key job in a wide scope of utilization, including web-based shopping, e-business administrations, and social ecommerce networking. Collaborative sifting (CF) is the most well-known methodologies utilized for suggestion frameworks; however, CF experiences full cold start (CCS) issue where no appraising record is accessible and with Incomplete Cold Start (ICS) issues where there are just few rating records accessible for some new things or application clients. Therefore, the recommendation algorithms for collaborative filtering are useful and play a vital role in businesses to reach out to new users and promote their services and products. This paper introduces a new cooperative filtering recommendation algorithm based on dimensionality reduction called Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) used to cluster related users and reduce dimensionality. These method and concept are continuously being used and referred in order to attain an increased and enhanced accuracy over the present Netflix system. This paper is working with Netflix's prize dataset, we use the incremental SVD approach to predict movie ratings based on previous user preferences. Different experiments are conducted to see the effect of various parameters on the algorithm's performance.
Breeding of the Salt Marsh Shrew

Salt marsh shrews ( Sorex vagrans halicoetes ) are common inhabitants of some of the San Francisco Bay salt marshes in California. Their numbers in favorable marshes form perhaps 10 per cent of the mammalian fauna present, the rest of which is chiefly composed of Microtus californicus, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus , and Reithrodontomys raviventris , all of which are more abundant than shrews. There is no study yet reported on the biology of salt marsh shrews, and indeed little on the species S. vagrans throughout its range. Comparative material in this paper has been drawn mainly from Clothier (1955), Hamilton (1940), (1944), (1949), Jameson (1955), Blossom (1932), and Dehnel (1952); only the first of these deals with Sorex vagrans . Field work was done from 1949 to 1955, although the major part of this time was spent on studies other than this one. Trapping was undertaken on all San Francisco Bay marshes inhabited by S. v. halicoetes; observations on nesting activity were carried out on San Pablo marsh, Richmond, Contra Costa County; a collection of owl pellets was also made at this locality. Observations on captive shrews were made at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (Rudd, 1953). The environment . —The San Francisco Bay salt marshes are in an area of Mediterranean climate. Temperatures average perhaps 55° F. through the year, minima of 28° to 30° and maxima rarely of 90° to 100° occurring. Rainfall averages 18 to 25 inches a year and falls in the period from November to April. Thus, there is a long summer dry season. However, because of the summer high tides, dryness may reach critical levels for salt marsh shrews only in September and October. The lower parts of salt marshes, 3 to 6 feet above sea level, are …
Effects of Various Metal Oxides and Deposition Methods on the Perfor- mance of Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4) as a Photocatalyst

The creation of chemical fuels from solar energy requires a photocatalytic material that is efficient and inexpensive. Bismuth vanadate, BiVO4, has been established as a photocatalyst capable of splitting water for creating solar chemical fuels. However, the substance is incapable of transferring of electrons, thus requiring additional substances such as metal oxides to establish a successful process of water splitting and to create the desired product: hydrogen gas. Therefore, the bismuth vanadate solution was layered with different metal nitrate solutions such as Ni(NO3)2*6H2O, Cu(NO3)2*3H2O, Fe(NO3)3*9H2O, and Co(NO3)2*6H2O solutions to enhance its ability to conduct higher photocurrents. Bismuth vanadate samples were synthesized by drop casting or spin coating bismuth and vanadate precursors, followed by an annealing step. After the annealing process, the FTO (Flourine-doped Tin Oxide) plate was tested for the photocurrents by flashing light and measuring photocurrent in the SEAL (Solar Energy Activity Laboratory) kit. Metal nitrate solutions were layered using drop casting or spin coating. Through manipulating various methods to advance its ability of conducting photocurrent, potential of bismuth vanadate as a promising photocatalyst was proven that would be one of the competent photoanodes for the production of hydrogen gas.
The nutritional value of broiler litter as a feed source for sheep during periods of feed shortage

THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF BROILER LITTER AS A FEED SOURCE FOR SHEEP DURING PERIODS OF FEED SHORTAGE by DAVID THELE MA VIMBELA SUPERVISOR: Prof J B Jansen van Ryssen DEP ARTMENT: Animal & Wildlife Sciences DEGREE: PhD in Agriculture ABSTRACT The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the use of broiler litter as a survival feed for sheep. In growth and partial digestibility studies South African Mutton Merino wethers were used to investigate the utilization of broiler litter in sheep and the consequences it could have on the animals. Prior to each trial the sheep were vaccinated against botulism and it was ensured that the litter was well dried and free of lumps or dead chickens.The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the use of broiler litter as a survival feed for sheep. In growth and partial digestibility studies South African Mutton Merino wethers were used to investigate the utilization of broiler litter in sheep and the consequences it could have on the animals. Prior to each trial the sheep were vaccinated against botulism and it was ensured that the litter was well dried and free of lumps or dead chickens. The crude protein concentration of the broiler litter obtained from different sources was approximately 200 g/kg, which is low comparing to published results elsewhere in the world. A surprisingly low uric acid concentration was measured in the one sample analysed. The litter did not contain abnormally high copper concentrations. One consignment of litter contained apparently a substantial proportion of soil that
Lipid Profiling by GC-MS and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ceiba pentandra Seed Oil

This study was undertaken to investigate Ceiba pentandra seed oil for fatty acid profile and anti inflammatory activity by in vitro and in vivo . GC-MS, membrane stability assay and C-reactive protein estimation were used to evaluate the fatty acid profile and anti inflammatory activity respectively. GC-MS analysis of free fatty acid methyl ester fraction of the C. pentandra seed oil reveals Palmitic acid to be the significant one along with essential fatty acid Linoleic acid. During anti inflammatory, the percentage of membrane stability exhibited by the tested oil was concentration dependent and compared favourably with that of standard Diclofenac. C-reactive protein, an acute phase reactant that reflects low-grade systemic inflammation was decreased significantly by tested oil treatment. These findings demonstrated that essential oil of C. pentandra seeds was a complex mixture of numerous fatty acids and have excellent anti-inflammatory activity, thus have great potential to be used as a source for natural health products.
Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 protein in comparison with MDM2 gene amplification in diagnosing lipomatous tumors

Objective Our goal was to compare the immunohistochemical detection of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein and MDM2 gene amplification in diagnosing adipose tissue tumors. Materials and methods MDM2 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 67 benign and malignant adipose tumors. The immunostaining findings were correlated with the MDM2 amplification status by differential PCR. Results MDM2 immunopositivity was detected in 3.8% lipoma, 70.6% well-differentiated liposarcomas (LPS), and 75% of dedifferentiated LPS with significant difference. MDM2 amplification occurred in 21 out of the 27 (56%) positive cases for MDM2 protein expression. MDM2 amplification was found more frequently in well-differentiated LPS (58.8%) and dedifferentiated LPS (62.5%) in comparison with the pleomorphic or myxoid variants. Overall, the MDM2 positivity was not associated with MDM2 amplification in six out of 27 (22.2%) cases, whereas 21 (77.8%) of the MDM2 amplified cases displayed nuclear immunoreactivity with anti-MDM2 antibodies. A highly significant correlation was obtained between MDM2 protein expression and gene amplification. Conclusion Evaluation of MDM2 amplification using differential PCR may be used to supplement the immunohistochemical analysis of MDM2 protein when the diagnosis of adipose tissue tumors is not possible based on the clinical and histologic information alone.
Decay-Curve Analysis for the Quantification of Data Error in Time- Domain Induced Polarization Imaging

Initially developed for the prospection of metallic ores, the induced polarization (IP) method has emerged in recent years as a suitable technique for hydrogeological studies. As an extension of the standard DC-resistivity method, IP measurements provide information about the electrical conductivity (i.e., energy loss) and polarization (i.e., energy storage) properties of the subsurface, permitting an improved lithological characterization. Furthermore, studies using multifrequency measurements (spectral-IP, SIP) have demonstrated the ability of the IP method to gain information about biogeochemical processes. For instances, an increase in the polarization effect has been correlated to the accumulation of bio-films in column experiments (e.g., Ntarlagiannis et al., 2005). Also, a significant increase in the polarization response has been observed due to the precipitation of metallic minerals accompanying the stimulation of microbial activity (e.g., Williams et al., 2009; Flores Orozco et al., 2011). Furthermore, changes in the electrical signatures have been correlated to reversible chemical transformation of biominerals (e.g., Slater et al., 2007; Flores Orozco et al., 2013). Such results have promoted the application of the IP method in numerous investigations in the emerging discipline of biogephysics (e.g., Atekwana and Slater, 2009). Built on these findings, a recent study has explored the applicability of the IP imaging method for the prospection of naturally reduced zones (NRZ) at the floodplain scale with promising results (Wainwright et al., 2016). NRZ are spatially limited areas characterized by high rates of microbial activity and thus a disproportionally large impact on larger-scale biogeochemical cycling. Furthermore, chemical changes in the groundwater composition accompanying microbial activity in NRZ might be associated with the precipitation of metallic minerals, such as iron sulphides (FeS), which have a measurable polarization effect.
Hypothermic machine perfusion utilization and outcomes for deceased-donor kidneys: A retrospective cohort study

Introduction: Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) has been established as an efficacious method for preserving kidney allografts from deceased donors in clinical trials, but little data are available on the effectiveness of HMP in real-world settings. We examined factors associated with HMP use and clinical outcomes in a real-world organ procurement organization setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the Lifecenter Northwest organ procurement database from 2010 to 2015, linked to the United Network of Organ Sharing outcomes database. We examined HMP utilization, and our primary outcomes were delayed graft function (DGF) and graft survival, using multivariable Poisson and Cox regression models. Results: Among 1729 deceased-donor kidneys, 797 (46%) were preserved with HMP. Higher donor age, region of procurement, and donation type were associated with HMP use. HMP was associated with a 37% decreased risk of DGF (adjusted relative risk 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.78), with no effect on 1-year graft survival (adjusted hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI: 0.38–1.80). Conclusion: Variation exists in the utilization of HMP for deceased donor kidneys. HMP reduced the risk for DGF, but was not associated with improvements in long-term graft survival.
Effect of coyote removal on sheep depredation in northern California

We used 13 years of historical data to investigate effects of coyote (Canis latrans) removal on depredation of domestic sheep. The 2,168-ha study area maintained >1,000 breeding ewes that produced lambs yearly. Records from 1981 through 1994, which included numbers of sheep, numbers of sheep known killed by coyotes, known numbers of coyotes removed, and annual numbers of trapper hours were summarized and analyzed on a yearly, seasonal, and monthly basis. We used regression analysis and found that annual, seasonal, or monthly depredation losses were not correlated with number of coyotes removed. Both annual number of lambs killed and number of coyotes removed were positively correlated with number of trapper hours. We used a cross-correlation analysis to detect any relation between coyote removal and subsequent depredation losses at all monthly intervals from 0 to 24 months. We found a trend of low negative correlation between depredation losses and number of coyotes removed for lags of 2-12 months, suggesting some reduction of sheep killing due to control efforts. Low correlations within years may be due to inconsistent removal of depredating coyotes while removing primarily young, nondepredating coyotes. Lack of correlation between years may have occurred because past control efforts have not had a lasting reduction on coyote density due to immigration, the compensatory nature of control efforts on coyote mortality, reproductive compensation in the resident coyote population, or all 3 factors.
GEOGRAPHY, ECOLOGY AND COEXISTENCE IN RELATION TO THE BIOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF THE SPECIES

Mayr (1942, p. 120) defines the species biologically as follows: "A species consists of a group of populations which replace each other geographically or ecologically and of which the neighboring ones intergrade or interbreed wherever they are in contact or which are potentially capable of doing so (with one or more of the populations) in those cases where contact is prevented by geographical or ecological barriers. " ("Intergrading or interbreeding" refers of course to primary intergradation, genetically unrestricted (Mayr, 1942, p. 99), not to the production of a few secondary hybrids or highly localized hybrid zones. ) He also makes the important distinction between those species that overlap with very restricted or no interbreeding, which can be recognised as good species biologically, and those with completely separate ranges, for which only indirect evidence of their status is available. "Two forms or species are sympatric if they occur together, that is if their areas of distribution overlap or coincide. Two forms (or species) are allopatric, if they do not occur together, that is if they exclude each other geographically. " These definitions raise two important questions. (1) What is the meaning of 'geographical' and 'ecological'; and in what sense can some populations replace each other geographically and others ecologically? (2) When can areas of distribution be said to overlap ? If these can be answtred, certain ambiguities and difficulties of application of the definitions to borderline cases may disappear. MEANING OF 'GEOGRAPHICAL' AND 'ECOLOGICAL'
PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and tumor.

Signalling pathways activate the anomalyis the occurrence and development oftumor cells, PI3K Akt/signaling pathways in human most malignant tumors in the abnormal activation, proliferation and live in the tumor cell, sports, resist apoptosis, angiogenesis and transfer of chemotherapy and radiation resist resistance, and played an important role. Herefore, through the study of PI3K/Akt pathways further understanding the mechanism of tumor, development, and seek the new target antitumor drugs, This text reviews PI3K/Akt signalling pathways, structure features and oncogenesis, relationship and reviewed the effects of chemotherapy.
Age‐related differences in the translational landscape of mammalian oocytes

Increasing maternal age in mammals is associated with poorer oocyte quality, involving higher aneuploidy rates and decreased developmental competence. Prior to resumption of meiosis, fully developed mammalian oocytes become transcriptionally silent until the onset of zygotic genome activation. Therefore, meiotic progression and early embryogenesis are driven largely by translational utilization of previously synthesized mRNAs. We report that genome‐wide translatome profiling reveals considerable numbers of transcripts that are differentially translated in oocytes obtained from aged compared to young females. Additionally, we show that a number of aberrantly translated mRNAs in oocytes from aged females are associated with cell cycle. Indeed, we demonstrate that four specific maternal age‐related transcripts (Sgk1, Castor1, Aire and Eg5) with differential translation rates encode factors that are associated with the newly forming meiotic spindle. Moreover, we report substantial defects in chromosome alignment and cytokinesis in the oocytes of young females, in which candidate CASTOR1 and SGK1 protein levels or activity are experimentally altered. Our findings indicate that improper translation of specific proteins at the onset of meiosis contributes to increased chromosome segregation problems associated with female ageing.
Parasite communities in two sympatric morphs

In this study from Fjellfrosvatn, an oligotrophic lakc in northern Norway, the parasite communities in two sympatric Arctic charr populations were compared. 'The dwarf morph, which inhabits the profundal zone, exhibited the lowest parasite diversity, seven species, and 72% of these charr harboured only one or two parasite species. In contrast, 10 parasite species were encountered in the larger normal charr. and between 5 and 8 species were present in 73% of these fish, which also utilised a broader food and habitat niche. Proteoc~c~phulus sp. was by far the most abundant species in the dwarf charr, probably because this morph fed intensively upon the benthic copepod Acanthocyc.1op. s gigas. On the other hand, parasites that are transmitted with littoral benthic prey (i.e., Phyllodistornum umblae, Cyathocephalus truncutus, Cystidicola furionis, and Crepiclostornurn spp.) were almost absent in the dwarf charr, though they were common in the normal morph. Also, Diphyllobothriurn spp. were more prevalent in the normal charr, and this was attributed to their feeding upon limnetic copepods in the pelagic zone. The only recorded parasite with a direct life cycle, the copepod Salmincola edwardsii, had relatively similar abundances in the two morphs. The considerable differences in parasite community structure and abundance between the two charr populations were closely related to differences in the width and composition of the habitat and food niches between the morphs.
Genomic amplification of long noncoding RNA HOTAIRM1 drives anaplastic thyroid cancer progression via repressing miR-144 biogenesis

ABSTRACT Genomic aberrations are frequently found in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). However, the functional genes in aberrantly genomic regions are largely unclear. In this study, we identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIRM1, whose encoding gene was amplified and expression was upregulated in ATC compared with papillary thyroid cancer and normal thyroid. Increased genomic copy number and expression of HOTAIRM1 were both correlated with poor survival of ATC patients. Functional assays revealed that HOTAIRM1 promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted migration and invasion of ATC cells in vitro, and promoted ATC tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. HOTAIRM1 was found to bind ILF3, repress the binding between ILF3 and precursor miR-144 (pre-miR-144), block the effects of ILF3 on stabilizing pre-miR-144, and therefore downregulate pre-miR-144. Intriguingly, HOTAIRM1 was also found to directly bind primary miR-144 (pri-miR-144), repress the binding between pri-miR-144 and DROSHA, block the processing of pri-miR-144 by DROSHA, and therefore upregulate pri-miR-144 and downregulate pre-miR-144. Thus, HOTAIRM1 remarkably downregulated pre-miR-144 and further downregulated miR-144. Knockdown of ILF3 and DROSHA abolished the effects of HOTAIRM1 on pre-miR-144 and miR-144. The expression of miR-144 was downregulated and reversely correlated with HOTAIRM1 in ATC. Via repressing miR-144 biogenesis, HOTAIRM1 upregulated MET and activated AKT signalling. miR-144 overexpression reversed the oncogenic roles of HOTAIRM1 in ATC. Altogether, these findings identified a genomic copy number amplified and highly expressed lncRNA HOTAIRM1, which exerted oncogenic roles via repressing miR-144 biogenesis in ATC. Our data suggested HOTAIRM1 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ATC.
The plant endosphere world - bacterial life within plants.

The plant endosphere is colonized by complex microbial communities and microorganisms, which colonize the plant interior at least part of their lifetime and are termed endophytes. Their functions range from mutualism to pathogenicity. All plant organs and tissues are generally colonized by bacterial endophytes and their diversity and composition depend on the plant, the plant organ and its physiological conditions, the plant growth stage as well as on the environment. Plant-associated microorganisms, and in particular endophytes, have lately received high attention, because of the increasing awareness of the importance of host-associated microbiota for the functioning and performance of their host. Some endophyte functions are known from mostly lab assays, genome prediction and few metagenome analyses, however, we have limited understanding on in planta activities, particularly considering the diversity of micro-environments and the dynamics of conditions. In our review, we present recent findings on endosphere environments, their physiological conditions and endophyte colonization. Furthermore, we discuss microbial functions, the interaction between endophytes and plants as well as methodological limitations of endophyte research. We also provide an outlook on needs of future research to improve our understanding on the role of microbiota colonizing the endosphere on plant traits and ecosystem functioning. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.