Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Syn-Pimara-7,15-Diene Synthase Reveals Functional Clustering of Terpene Synthases Involved in Rice Phytoalexin/Allelochemical Biosynthesis1

Rice (Oryza sativa) produces momilactone diterpenoids as both phytoalexins and allelochemicals. Accordingly, the committed step in biosynthesis of these natural products is catalyzed by the class I terpene synthase that converts syn-copalyl diphosphate to the corresponding polycyclic hydrocarbon intermediate syn-pimara-7,15-diene. Here, a functional genomics approach was utilized to identify a syn-copalyl diphosphate specific 9β-pimara-7,15-diene synthase (OsDTS2). To our knowledge, this is the first identified terpene synthase with this particular substrate stereoselectivity and, by comparison with the previously described and closely related ent-copalyl diphosphate specific cassa-12,15-diene synthase (OsDTC1), provides a model system for investigating the enzymatic determinants underlying the observed difference in substrate specificity. Further, OsDTS2 mRNA in leaves is up-regulated by conditions that stimulate phytoalexin biosynthesis but is constitutively expressed in roots, where momilactones are constantly synthesized as allelochemicals. Therefore, transcription of OsDTS2 seems to be an important regulatory point for controlling production of these defensive compounds. Finally, the gene identified here as OsDTS2 has previously been mapped at 14.3 cM on chromosome 4. The class II terpene synthase producing syn-copalyl diphosphate from the universal diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate was also mapped to this same region. These genes catalyze sequential cyclization steps in momilactone biosynthesis and seem to have been evolutionarily coupled by physical linkage and resulting cosegregation. Further, the observed correlation between physical proximity and common metabolic function indicates that other such class I and class II terpene synthase gene clusters may similarly catalyze consecutive reactions in shared biosynthetic pathways.
Test Access Mechanism for Multiple Identical Cores

A new test access mechanism (TAM) for multiple identical embedded cores is proposed. It exploits the identical nature of the cores and modular pipelined circuitry to provide scalable and flexible capabilities to make tradeoffs between test time and diagnosis over the manufacturing maturity cycle from low-yield initial production to high-yield, high-volume production. The test throughput gains of various configurations of this TAM are analyzed. Forward and reverse protocol translations for core patterns applied with this TAM are described.
Construct Validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory in a Correctional Sample

The relations between the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) and 4 theoretically related constructs (empathy, aggression, work ethic, and borderline personality disorder) were examined. Additionally, the relation between the PPI and heroism was explored. One hundred male inmates were administered the PPI, the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972), the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992), the Protestant Ethic Scale (Mirels & Garrett, 1971), the Self-Report for Borderline Personality Scale (Oldham et al., 1985), and the Activity Frequency Inventory (Lilienfeld, 1998). As predicted, the PPI was significantly negatively correlated with empathy and significantly positively related to aggression and borderline personality. Contrary to prediction, the correlation between the PPI and work ethic was not significant. Eight of 11 hypotheses regarding the relations of the PPI subscales to these 4 constructs were corroborated. Results support the construct validity of the PPI in a correctional sample. The exploratory analysis of the relation between the PPI and heroism revealed no significant relations.
EFFECTS OF AMMONIA ON SURVIVAL, SWIMMING AND ACTIVITIES OF ENZYMES OF NITROGEN METABOLISM IN THE LAKE MAGADI TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS ALCALICUS GRAHAMI

The Lake Magadi tilapia, Oreochromis alcalicus grahami, is remarkable among teleosts in that it flourishes under extremely well-buffered alkaline water conditions (pH 10, CCO2 180 mmol l-1) at temperatures of 30–40 °C (Wood et al. 1989). As expected from current models in teleosts, ammonia excretion into such water would be difficult at best (Wood, 1993). Part of the survival strategy of the Lake Magadi tilapia is that it has a complete ornithine-urea cycle (O-UC) in the liver and excretes virtually all of its waste nitrogen as urea (Randall et al. 1989). Ammonia toxicity in ammoniotelic teleosts has been studied extensively, and typical values for unionized ammonia (NH3) 96 h LC50 (the concentration at which half of test subjects die after 96 h) are well below 100 micromolar (Haywood, 1983; Thurston et al. 1983a,b; Campbell, 1991). Surprisingly, no ammonia LC50 values are available for ureogenic teleost fish, and one would predict that fish synthesizing and excreting urea for whatever purpose would have higher LC50 values than their ammoniotelic counterparts. Additionally, since ammonia exposure has been implicated in the functional response of urea excretion in the Lake Magadi tilapia (Wood et al. 1989) and another ureogenic teleost (the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta) (Walsh et al. 1990), we reasoned that ammonia exposure in the Lake Magadi tilapia might reveal insights into the biochemical regulation of the O-UC in this species; in particular that it might induce enzyme activity. We report here that the Lake Magadi tilapia has a rather high ammonia LC50 compared to values for other teleosts, but that short-term ammonia exposure has very limited effects on the activities of the enzymes of nitrogen metabolism and on swimming performance.
Was kostet eine Garantie? Ein statistischer Vergleich der Rendite von langfristigen Anlagen

Bei der Altersvorsorge von Privatanlegern ergibt sich in der derzeitigen Marktsituation die Frage nach der Einfuhrung von Anlageprodukten mit Garantien. Garantien konnen sich auf das Kapital oder auf eine Mindestrendite beziehen. Produktvarianten konnen Fonds oder Zertifikate sein. Aus Furcht vor Markt-Crashs oder Asset-Melt-down Phanomenen verlangt mancher Anleger Garantieprodukte. Wir analysieren die Marktsituation, die Verbreitung von Produkten, identifizieren die drei wesentlichen Garantieprodukte Bonus, Performance und CPPI und untersuchen in einem Sprungdiffusionsmodell die Renditen dieser Produkte uber einen 25-Jahres-Anlagehorizont. Im Ergebnis erweisen sich die drei Produkte einerseits attraktiv, da sie unter teilweise geringer Abweichung von risikofreier Rendite immer noch 50% der Rendite eines Vergleichsindex erwirtschaften, zum anderen als etwas sprode, da sie im Vergleich zu aktiv gesteuerten Aktienportfolien oft weit weniger als die Halfte der Rendite erzielen. Fur die langfristige Kapitalanlage wird damit eine Garantie sehr teuer erkauft.
A Japanese TTS system based on multiform units and a speech modification algorithm with harmonics reconstruction

This paper proposes a new text-to-speech (TTS) system that utilizes large numbers of speech segments to produce very natural and intelligible synthetic speech. There are two innovations; new multiform synthesis units and a new speech modification algorithm based on a vocoder that offers harmonics reconstruction. The multiform units make it possible to reduce acoustic discontinuities at concatenation points and unnatural sound by preparing synthesis units with various lengths and various F/sub 0/ contours. The new speech modification algorithm, on the other hand, improves the quality of prosody modified speech. This algorithm is extremely effective in synthesizing speech whose prosodic parameters are quite different from those of synthesis units. Listening tests confirm that the new synthesis units yield speech with high intelligibility and naturalness, and that the new speech modification algorithm is superior to all other conventional vocoders and waveform domain algorithms including TD-PSOLA, especially when modifying the F/sub 0/ frequency upward.
A NOVEL SCHEME FOR ROBUST SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION IN PRESENCE OF NOISE AND REVERBERATIONS

Presence of additive noise and room reverberations combined together offer challenge to build robust speaker identification system to suit real world applications. This paper tries to solve this issue in two steps. The speech signal corrupted by noise and room reverberations was preprocessed through binary masking using a deep neural network classifier in the first step. The room reverberations are proposed to suppress by fusing bounded marginalization and direct masking in the next step. The proposed scheme shows better Speaker identification performance for various signal-tonoise ratios and reverberation times.
The impact of North Atlantic sea surface temperature errors on the simulation of North Atlantic European region climate

Current state‐of‐the‐art climate models fail to capture accurately the path of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current. This leads to a warm bias near the North American coast, where the modelled Gulf Stream separates from the coast further north, and a cold anomaly to the east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, where the North Atlantic Current remains too zonal in this region. Using an atmosphere‐only model forced with the sea surface temperature (SST) biases in the North Atlantic, we consider the impact they have on the mean state and the variability in the North Atlantic European region in winter. Our results show that the SST errors produce a mean sea‐level pressure response that is similar in magnitude and pattern to the atmospheric circulation errors in the coupled climate model. The work also suggests that errors in the coupled model storm tracks and North Atlantic Oscillation, compared to reanalysis data, can also be explained partly by these SST errors. Our results suggest that both the error in the Gulf Stream separation location and the path of the North Atlantic Current around the Grand Banks play important roles in affecting the atmospheric circulation. Reducing these coupled model errors could improve significantly the representation of the large‐scale atmospheric circulation of the North Atlantic and European region. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
The Use of Modified Mandibular Advancement Appliance in the Treatment of a Partially Edentulous Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

ÖZET Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder of sleep and breathing characterized by recurrent obstruction of the upper airway. Oral appliances can be recommended to treat moderateto-severe OSA when nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment is not tolerated. Insufficient number of teeth in maxillary and mandibular arches is considered a contraindication to oral appliance therapy.Case presentation: This case report describes the treatment of a 48-year old, partially edentulous patient with moderate obstructive sleep apnea. A modified oral appliance with artificial teeth was designed. The patient reported an improvement in his daytime symptoms and he was satisfied with the esthetic look of the appliance. Polysomnographic evaluation showed that there was a significant decrease in his apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) with the appliance. Conclusion: This case report shows that an oral appliance fabricated like a denture may be successful in treating sleep apnea patients. Giriş: Obstrüktif uyku apnesi üst havayolunun tekrarlayan obstrüksiyonu ile karakterize kronik bir uyku ve solunum bozukluğudur. Nazal sürekli pozitif havayolu basınç tedavisi hasta tarafından tolere edilemiyorsa, orta veya ciddi obstrüktif uyku apnesinin tedavisinde oral apareyler kullanılabilir. Maksiller veya mandibuler arklarda yeterli sayıda diş olmaması, oral aparey tedavisi için bir kontrendikasyon olarak kabul edilmektedir.Olgu bildirimi: Bu olgu bildiriminde 48 yaşında orta dereceli obstrüktif uyku apnesi olan kısmi dişsiz bir hastanın tedavisi sunulmaktadır. Üzerinde diş bulunan modifiye bir oral aparey dizayn edildi.Hasta gündüz semptomlarının düzeldiğini ve apareyin estetik görünümünden memnun olduğunu bildirdi.Polisomnografik değerlendirmede, hastanın apne-hipopne indeksinin aparey kullanımıyla belirgin şekilde azaldığı gözlendi. Sonuç: Bu olgu bildirimi, protez gibi fabrike edilen bir oral apareyin uyku apnesi hastalarının tedavisinde başarılı olabileceğini göstermektedir. Hacettepe Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 31, Sayı: 3, Sayfa: 82-87, 2007 The Use of Modified Mandibular Advancement Appliance in the Treatment of a Partially Edentulous Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Obstrüktif Uyku Apnesi Olan Kısmi Dişsiz Bir Hastanın Modifiye Mandibuler İlerletme Apareyi ile Tedavisi *Tülin (Uğur) TANEr DDS, PhD, *Banu SAğLAM AYDINATAY DDS, PhD, **İlser TÜrKYILMAZ DDS, PhD, ***Ahmet u. DEMİr MD *Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics **Private Practice *** Hacettepe University, Medical School, Departement of Chest Disease
Control and observer design for stochastic bilinear systems with delays

This paper considers controller design and observer design for Itô-type stochastic bilinear delay systems. First, we consider the stability of closed-loop bilinear stochastic delayed systems by introducing a nonlinear controller. A sufficient mean square asymptotically stability condition is established, which is given in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Then, the problem of observer design for the systems under consideration is investigated. By defining a Luenberger observer, a sufficient condition is given, which enables the resulting error system to be asymptotically stable in the mean-square sense, and an observer design method is proposed. Finally a numerical example is provided to show the validity of the approach.
Erratum for Dual-Path Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation

In Howlett and Dras (2010), we introduced a lattice input to a phrase-based SMT system. The lattice encodes two versions of a sentence, with and without a reordering preprocessing step, which allows the PSMT system to choose whether the reordering is useful for the given sentence. We compared the performance of this system, both plain (lattice) and with extra features (+features), to a plain PSMT baseline (Moses) and a reordering baseline (reorder), which were respectively trained on only the original and only the reordered sentences. We also included an oracle experiment that consulted the reference translation to select the better of the two baselines for each sentence, to provide an approximate upper bound. We have now found that an error occurred during tuning of the reordering baseline system, causing it to converge to a different point and produce a worse overall result. Specifically, the training of each system involved jobs distributed across a cluster, and in the case of reorder, it appears that in one iteration of the tuning phase, the n-best list of translation candidates was slow in returning from one of the ten splits, and was not made available for the next round of tuning. The error was not flagged by the translation system, and was only uncovered by a manual inspection of the intermediate files after we had failed to replicate the result in a later experiment. We expect that the error would have been caught if we had done repeated runs of each system at the time, and as such we heartily endorse the suggestion by Clark et al. (2011) that replication be carried out as a standard procedure. We have now rerun all five systems from the paper twice. Results are given in Table 1, along with the results originally reported. Note that the only systems substantially affected are reorder and the approximate oracle which relied upon its output.
Three-Dimensional-Printed Carnivorous Plant with Snap Trap

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has a variety of applications, from efficient iterations of engineering designs to fabrication of tissues for regenerative medicine. In soft robotics, 3D-printed functional materials can be used to mimic biological functions. Soft robotics overcomes some of the limitations of traditional rigid-body robotics through the ability to conform to different shapes and to be pneumatically controlled. Although soft robotics has been studied extensively by curing elastomers, 3D printing of flexible soft robotic components remains a challenge. Thus, we propose a method to easily fabricate a soft robotic device by using a stereolithographybased 3D printer and a flexible resin. Here, we have designed a device with a soft material composition, a pneumatic control device, and an integrated touch-based sensor to actuate a grasping motion in response to an object coming in close proximity to the sensor, mimicking the natural motion of a carnivorous plant. Characterization of the geometric and kinematic features of the plant leaves shows the dependence of the plant leaves’ opening and closing motion on the touch signal provided. In the future, such soft hybrid robotic structures can be useful for biosensing, smart clothes, prosthetic designs, and other soft robotics applications.
Outbreak of Chrysomyia bezziana in Khoozestan province, Iran

PEPPER, J. R. , MUMBY, S. & GU-ITERIDGE, J. M. C. (1994) Free Radical Research 21, 53 ROBERTS, D. & SMITH, D. J. (1989) Clinical Sports Medicine 1, 63 SELBY, G. B. & EICHNER, E. R. (1986) American Journal ofMedicine 81, 791 SJODIN, B. , WESTING, Y. H. & APPLE, F. S. (1990) Sports Medicine 10, 236 SMITH, J. E. , CIPRIANO, J. E. , DeBOWES, R. & MOORE, K. (1986) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 188, 285 TAYLOR, C. , ROGERS, G. , GOODMAN, C. , BAYNES, R. D. , BOTHWELL, T. H. , BEZWODA, W. R. , KRAMER, F. & HATTINGH, J. (1987) Journal ofApplied Physiology 62, 464
The History of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation for Air Disinfection

Public health concerns such as multi- and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, bioterrorism, pandemic influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome have intensified efforts to prevent transmission of infections that are completely or partially airborne using environmental controls. One such control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), has received renewed interest after decades of underutilization and neglect. With renewed interest, however, come renewed questions, especially regarding efficacy and safety. There is a long history of investigations concluding that, if used properly, UVGI can be safe and highly effective in disinfecting the air, thereby preventing transmission of a variety of airborne infections. Despite this long history, many infection control professionals are not familiar with the history of UVGI and how it has, and has not, been used safely and effectively. This article reviews that history of UVGI for air disinfection, starting with its biological basis, moving to its application in the real world, and ending with its current status.
Analysis on Ground Conductor Shape and Size Effect to Levitation Force in Static Type EDS Simulator

This paper presents the characteristic analysis on the high-Tc superconducting (HTS) electrodynamic suspension (EDS) simulator. In EDS maglev trains, the relative velocity between the moving high field magnet and the fixed ground conductor makes the magnetic reaction between two components. The magnetic reaction generates the levitation force of the EDS system. The distribution of the magnetic flux on the ground conductor affects the strength of the levitation force. A EDS simulator basically consists of levitation magnet and ground conductor and one of these component should be a moving part. In the static type EDS simulator, the levitation force is generated by the velocity equivalent AC current. Therefore, the static type EDS simulator does not need the high speed moving parts and can test the effect of the variations of the ground conductors easily by the change of the frequency of the applying AC current. To design the static type simulator optimally, the HTS levitation magnet and the characteristics of the EDS system were numerically analysed by 3-D finite element method (FEM). Based on the numerical analysis, the static type EDS simulator was designed manufactured and tested. The simulator consists of an HTS magnet, the fixed ground conductor(s), an AC power supply, resonating components, force measuring devices, and a supporting structure. From the calculation and test results on this paper, the consideration of the magnetic flux distribution according to the levitation height should be included in the process of the ground conductor design.
Expression of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the gymnotiform fish brain and its implications for the organization of the teleost pallium

Cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) are widely distributed in the brains of many vertebrates, but whether their functions are conserved is unknown. The weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Apt), has been well studied for its brain structure, behavior, sensory processing, and learning and memory. It therefore offers an attractive model for comparative studies of CB1R functions. We sequenced partial AptCB1R mRNAs and performed in situ hybridization to localize its expression. Partial AptCB1R protein sequence was highly conserved to zebrafish (90.7%) and mouse (81.9%) orthologs. AptCB1R mRNA was highly expressed in the telencephalon. Subpallial neurons (dorsal, central, intermediate regions and part of the ventral region, Vd/Vc/Vi, and Vv) expressed high levels of AptCB1R transcript. The central region of dorsocentral telencephalon (DCcore) strongly expressed CB1R mRNA; cells in DCcore project to midbrain regions involved in electrosensory/visual function. The lateral and rostral regions of DC surrounding DCcore (DCshell) lack AptCB1R mRNA. The rostral division of the dorsomedial telencephalon (DM1) highly expresses AptCB1R mRNA. In dorsolateral division (DL) AptCB1R mRNA was expressed in a gradient that declined in a rostrocaudal manner. In diencephalon, AptCB1R RNA probe weakly stained the central‐posterior (CP) and prepacemaker (PPn) nuclei. In mesencephalon, AptCB1R mRNA is expressed in deep layers of the dorsal (electrosensory) torus semicircularis (TSd). In hindbrain, AptCB1R RNA probe weakly labeled inhibitory interneurons in the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL). Unlike mammals, only few cerebellar granule cells expressed AptCB1R transcripts and these were located in the center of eminentia granularis pars posterior (EGp), a cerebellar region involved in feedback to ELL. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:949–975, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Maiduguri, Nigeria

This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies in camels presented for slaughter at the Maiduguri abattoir using a BVDV specific indirect enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ninety (90) serum samples collected from adult male and female camels were tested for BVDV antibodies. From the samples tested, 28 (31.1%) were positive for BVDV. The sex distribution of the positive samples showed 7 (33.3%) males and 21 (30.4%) females were positive for BVDV antibodies. The results showed no statistically significant (p<0.05) difference in the sex prevalence of camels observed in the study. This finding demonstrates the presence of BVDV antibodies in camels in Maiduguri. Further studies will be required to elucidate the epidemiology of BVDV infection in camels and other livestock species in the study area.