Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teaching Prenatal Exercise: Part II ‐ Exercises to Think Twice About

ABSTRACT: Three physical therapists with widely varying views of exercise in pregnancy have pinpointed those exercises and positions which are the subject of controversy. They caution against certain thigh adductor stretches, all contorted and uncomfortable positions, any maneuver that causes the back to arch, such as “bridging,” and strenuous abdominal strengthening exercises such as the curl-up, the sit-up and double straight-leg raising. They discuss pros and cons of “mobilizing” pregnant women's joints, treating back pain, squatting, and positions that might cause an air embolus.
Muscle Activity While Running at 20%–50% of Normal Body Weight

Little information exists on how body weight (BW) support influences running biomechanics. The study aim was to determine how reducing BW by 50%–80% influences muscle activity while running at different speeds. Subjects (n = 7) ran at 100%, 115%, 125% of preferred speed at 100%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% of BW per speed. Average (AVG) electromyography of the rectified signal was compared (within subject design; 3-speeds × 5-BW, repeated measures ANOVAs; biceps femoris [BF], rectus femoris [RF], tibialis anterior [TA], gastrocnemius [GA]). RF, BF, and GA AVG were not influenced by BW–speed interaction (p > .05) and increased across speeds (p < .05). RF and GA AVG signal was reduced as BW was reduced (p < .05), but BF only tended to be different (p = .08). TA was influenced by BW–speed interaction (p < .05) with EMG decreasing across BW (p < .05) while increasing across speeds except at 100% BW. Overall, muscle activity increased with speed and decreased by BW reductions.
Treatment of Coccidioidomycosis Osteomyelitis with ltraconazole in a Horse

Itraconazole, a tricyclic azole effective against a number of deep mycotic diseases, was used to treat a Quarter Horse filly with coccidioidomycosis. The horse was almost normal after 90 days of treatment. Five months after discontinuing itraconazole treatment, the filly had severe neck pain and neurologic signs from recurrence of coccidioidomycosis and was treated with itraconazole for an additional 6 months. Her clinical condition improved to almost normal and the filly has remained normal for 2 years. There was no evidence of drug toxicity.
Drs. Lauder and Ellis reply as follows

Dartois, A. M. , and Lestradet, H. (1966). Food consumption of diabetic children at summer camps in France. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 48, 32. Dorchy, H. , and Loeb, H. (1975). Valeur comparee de diff6rents tests semi-quantitatifs pour la d6termination de la glucosurie chez les diab6tiques. Diabhte et Mitabolisme (Paris), 1, 87-90. Dorchy, H. , Mozin, M. J., and Loeb, H. (1975). Alimentation des enfants et adolescents diab6tiques. Revue Midicale de Bruxelles, 31, 391-392. Dorchy, H. , Devroede, M. , Toussaint, D. , and Ernould, C. (1976). Angiofluoresceinic studies in infantile diabetic retinopathy. Proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the International Study Group of Diabetes in Children and Adotescents (in press). Drash, A. (1976). The control of diabetes mellitus. Is it achievable? Is it desirable? Journal of Pediatrics, 88, 1074-1076. Ernould, C. , Dorchy, H. , Francois, B. , Geussens, H. , Mozin, M. J., and Loeb, H. (1973). Guide du Jeune DiabJtique, p. 51. Revue M6dicale de Liege, Libge. Ernould, C. , Devroede, M. , Dorchy, H. , and Loeb, H. (1976). Observation of growth in diabetic Belgian children and adolescents. The Balance of Diabetes in Juveniles. Ed. by Z. Laron. Karger, Basel (in press). Franqois, R. (1976). Reflexions sur le traitement du diabete infantile insulino-dependant. Archives FranVaises de Pediatrie, 33, 425-430. Lestradet, H. , and Billaud, L. (1968). Complications d6g6n6ratives apres 15 ans de diabete infantile. Presse Medicale, 76, 303-306. Lestradet, H. , Dartois, A. M. , and Machinot, S. (1974). L'alimentation spontanee de 1'enfant et de l'adolescent diab6tiques traites par l'insuline. Annales de Pediatrie, 21, 667-676. Mozin, M. J., Dorchy, H. , Ernould, C. , Francois, B. , Geussens, H. , and Loeb, H. (1975). Observations concerning the spontaneous feeding of a group of diabetic adolescents in a vacation camp. Diabetes in Juveniles, p. 385. Modern Problems in Paediatrics, Vol. 12. Ed. by Z. Laron. Karger, Basel. Mozin, M. J., Dorchy, H. , Smets, P., Ernould, C. , and Loeb, H. (1976). Spontaneous variations of intakes and balance of diabetes in diabetic adolescents. Acta Paediatrica Belgica (in press). Rimoin, D. L. , and Schimke, R. N. (1971). Genetic Disorders of the Endocrine Glands. Mosby, St. Louis.
The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection

Although 20%‐40% of persons with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection demonstrate spontaneous clearance, the time course and factors associated with clearance remain poorly understood. We investigated the time to spontaneous clearance and predictors among participants with acute HCV using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Data for this analysis were drawn from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts evaluating outcomes after acute HCV infection. Among 632 participants with acute HCV, 35% were female, 82% were Caucasian, 49% had interleukin‐28 (IL28)B CC genotype (rs12979860), 96% had injected drugs ever, 47% were infected with HCV genotype 1, and 7% had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. Twenty‐eight percent were HCV antibody negative/RNA positive at the time of acute HCV detection (early acute HCV). During follow‐up, spontaneous clearance occurred in 173 of 632, and at 1 year after infection, 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21, 29) had cleared virus. Among those with clearance, the median time to clearance was 16.5 weeks (IQR: 10.5, 33.4), with 34%, 67%, and 83% demonstrating clearance at 3, 6, and 12 months. Adjusting for age, factors independently associated with time to spontaneous clearance included female sex (adjusted hazards ratio [AHR]: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.48, 3.18), IL28B CC genotype (versus CT/TT; AHR, 2.26; 95% CI: 1.52, 3.34), and HCV genotype 1 (versus non‐genotype 1; AHR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.30). The effect of IL28B genotype and HCV genotype on spontaneous clearance was greater among females, compared to males. Conclusions: Female sex, favorable IL28B genotype, and HCV genotype 1 are independent predictors of spontaneous clearance. Further research is required to elucidate the observed sex‐based differences in HCV control. (Hepatology 2014;58:109–120)
Once‐daily simeprevir (TMC435) with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in treatment‐naïve genotype 1 hepatitis C: The randomized PILLAR study

The phase IIb, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled PILLAR trial investigated the efficacy and safety of two different simeprevir (SMV) doses administered once‐daily (QD) with pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN)‐α‐2a and ribavirin (RBV) in treatment‐naïve patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. Patients were randomized to one of five treatments: SMV (75 or 150 mg QD) for 12 or 24 weeks or placebo, plus Peg‐IFN and RBV. Patients in the SMV arms stopped all treatment at week 24 if response‐guided therapy (RGT) criteria were met; patients not meeting RGT continued with Peg‐IFN and RBV until week 48, as did patients in the placebo control group. Sustained virologic response (SVR) rates measured 24 weeks after the planned end of treatment (SVR24) were 74.7%‐86.1% in the SMV groups versus 64.9% in the control group (P < 0.05 for all comparisons [SMV versus placebo], except SMV 75 mg for 24 weeks). Rapid virologic response (HCV RNA <25 IU/mL undetectable at week 4) was achieved by 68.0%‐75.6% of SMV‐treated and 5.2% of placebo control patients. According to RGT criteria, 79.2%‐86.1% of SMV‐treated patients completed treatment by week 24; 85.2%‐95.6% of these subsequently achieved SVR24. The adverse event profile was generally similar across the SMV and placebo control groups, with the exception of mild reversible hyperbilirubinemia, without serum aminotransferase abnormalities, associated with higher doses of SMV. Conclusion: SMV QD in combination with Peg‐IFN and RBV significantly improves SVR rates, compared with Peg‐IFN and RBV alone, and allows the majority of patients to shorten their therapy duration to 24 weeks. (Hepatology 2013; 58:1918–1929)
Influence of shoe midsole hardness on plantar pressure distribution in four basketball-related movements

ABSTRACT This study examined how shoe midsole hardness influenced plantar pressure in basketball-related movements. Twenty male university basketball players wore customized shoes with hard and soft midsoles (60 and 50 Shore C) to perform four movements: running, maximal forward sprinting, maximal 45° cutting and lay-up. Plantar loading was recorded using an in-shoe pressure measuring system, with peak pressure (PP) and pressure time integral (PTI) extracted from 10 plantar regions. Compared with hard shoes, subjects exhibited lower PP in one or more plantar regions when wearing the soft shoes across all tested movements (Ps < 0.05). Lower PTI was also observed in the hallux for 45° cutting, and the toes and forefoot regions during the first step of lay-up in the soft shoe condition (Ps < 0.05). In conclusion, using a softer midsole in the forefoot region may be a plausible remedy to reduce the high plantar loading experienced by basketball players.
Specialist substance misuse nurses’ assessment and decision making in the management of drug misusers

Aims: To explore, in-depth, substance misuse nurses’ roles in assessment and decision making, the relative role of the client, the nurse and others in this process and to consider policy implications. Methods: Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with a sample of substance misuse nurses managing individuals with drug problems across Scotland (n = 29). The sample was identified from respondents to a questionnaire distributed to all substance misuse nurses in a linked study. Interviewees were purposively sampled to cover a range of gender, years’ experience, attitudes and NHS area. Twenty-nine interviews were conducted across six areas. Interviews focused on assessment and treatment decision making. Thematic Analysis was undertaken. Findings: Nurses’ descriptions of assessment and decision making reflected a client-centred approach with clients being the main influence in decision making. Protocols and guidelines provided an evidence-based background and nurses occasionally have to manage conflict between the client's objectives of treatment and the evidence. Other professionals were consulted for complicated cases. Additional policy issues included the time between assessment and implementing treatment. Conclusions. Nurses demonstrated professional autonomy in treatment decision making. A model of consultation described in general medical literature as an ‘evidence-based, patient-choice consultation’ (Ford, Schofield, & Hope, ) was practised. Ongoing legislative changes to extend nurse prescribing to substance misuse would legitimize current practice.
Nanoparticles encapsulating hepatitis B virus cytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine induce therapeutic immunity against HBV infection

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide. However, because the current interferon (IFN)‐based treatments have toxic side effects and marginal efficacy, improved antivirals are essential. Here we report that unmethylated cytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) from the HBV genome (HBV‐CpG) induced robust expression of IFN‐α by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in a Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9)‐dependent manner. We also identified inhibitory guanosine‐rich ODNs in the HBV genome (HBV‐ODN) that are capable of inhibiting HBV‐CpG‐induced IFN‐α production. Furthermore, nanoparticles containing HBV‐CpG, termed NP(HBV‐CpG), reversed the HBV‐ODN‐mediated suppression of IFN‐α production and also exerted a strong immunostimulatory effect on lymphocytes. Our results suggest that NP(HBV‐CpG) can enhance the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and skew this response toward the Th1 pathway in mice immunized with rHBsAg and NP(HBV‐CpG). Moreover, NP(HBV‐CpG)‐based therapy led to the efficient clearance of HBV and induced an anti‐HBsAg response in HBV carrier mice. Conclusion: Endogenous HBV‐CpG ODNs from the HBV genome induce IFN‐α production so that nanoparticle‐encapsulated HBV‐CpG may act as an HBsAg vaccine adjuvant and may also represent a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic HBV infection. (Hepatology 2014;59:385–394)
A Randomized Controlled Trial

Methods: ED triage nurses were randomized to receive either a passive EHR alert or no intervention for patients with the following complaints: minor trauma with extremity injuries or female patients with abdominal pain. The EHR alert notified the nurse that the patient was eligible for diagnostic testing: radiographs for patients with injured extremities or urinalysis for female patients with abdominal pain.
Antismooth muscle and antiactin antibodies are indirect markers of histological and biochemical activity of autoimmune hepatitis

Reactivity and titers of autoantibodies vary during the course of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and some autoantibodies have been associated with disease activity and adverse outcomes after treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the autoantibody behavior in AIH and its significance as predictors of biochemical and histological remission. A total of 117 patients with AIH (mean age 18.6 [4‐69] years) were evaluated and tested for autoantibodies at disease onset and successively (mean 3.2 [2‐6] times) after a mean follow‐up evaluation of 70 [20‐185] months. Antismooth muscle (ASMA), antiliver kidney microsome type 1 (anti‐LKM1), antiliver cytosol type 1 (anti‐LC1), antimitochondrial, antinuclear (ANA), and antiactin antibodies (AAA) were determined at disease onset and 379 other times during the follow‐up evaluation through indirect immunofluorescence in rodent tissues, HEp‐2 cells, and human fibroblasts. Anti‐SLA/LP were assessed 45 times in the follow‐up evaluation of 19 patients using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Upon admission, AIH types 1 and 2 were observed in 95 and 17 patients, respectively. Five subjects had AIH with anti‐SLA/LP as the sole markers. Patients initially negative for AAA did not develop these antibodies thereafter. ANA were detected de novo in six and three subjects with AIH types 1 and 2, respectively. After treatment, only ASMA (>1:80) and AAA (>1:40) were significantly associated with biochemical (76.9% and 79.8%) and histological features (100% and 100%) of disease activity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: With the exception of ANA, the autoantibody profile does not markedly vary in the course of AIH. The persistence of high titers of ASMA and/or AAA in patients with AIH is associated with disease activity. (Hepatology 2014;59:592–600)
Atlas of Head & Neck Surgery: Otolaryngology

I:Head and NeckSalivary GlandsNose and MaxillaLipsOral CavityEarNeckLarynxThyroid and ParathyroidPharynx, Trachea, and Parapharyngeal SpaceCysts, Abscesses, and Vessels II:Otologic ProceduresExternal Auditory Canal and Tympanic MembraneMiddle Ear and Ossicular ChainMastoidFacial NerveCochlea, LabyrinthTranstemporal Skull BaseLateral Skull BaseCongenital Aural Atresia III:Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryOtoplasty and External EarRhinoplastyMentoplasty and MalarplastyRhytidectomy and Related ProceduresBlepharoplastyFacial TaumaLaryngoplasty and TracheoplastyLocal and Regional FlapsGrafts and Free FlapsFacial Reanimation and Facial SlingMandibular Surgery, Cleft Lip/Palate, and TMJ SurgeryExcision of Skin Lesions and Scar RevisionAesthetic Reconstruction IV:EndoscopyLaryngoscopyEsophagoscopyBronchoscopy V:Pediatric and General OtolaryngologyTonsillectomy, Adenoidectomy, and UPPP VI:RhinologyNasal Polypectomy and Septal SurgeryMaxillary, Ethmoid, and Sphenoid SinusesFrontal Sinus VII:MiscellaneousFigure CreditsInde
Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis

Summary: Thumb carpometacarpal joint is the most common upper extremity arthritis requiring surgical reconstruction. Varying clinical pictures from occasional pain to disabling instability make identifying and treating this disease both challenging and gratifying. Nonoperative interventions such as activity modifications, occupational therapy, and splinting can be effective but surgical treatment remains the standard for end stage arthritis. Various surgical options such as arthroscopy, osteotomy, fusion, and arthroplasty are all discussed in this chapter.
Chemotherapy‐induced hepatitis B reactivation in lymphoma patients with resolved HBV infection: A prospective study

Fatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in lymphoma patients with “resolved” HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] negative and hepatitis B core antibody [anti‐HBc] positive) can occur, but the true incidence and severity remain unclear. From June 2009 to December 2011, 150 newly diagnosed lymphoma patients with resolved HBV infection who were to receive rituximab‐CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone)‐based chemotherapy were prospectively followed. HBV DNA was checked at baseline, at the start of each cycle of chemotherapy, and every 4 weeks for 1 year after completion of rituximab‐CHOP chemotherapy. Patients with documented HBV reactivation were treated with entecavir at a dosage of 0.5 mg/day for 48 weeks. HBV reactivation was defined as a greater than 10‐fold increase in HBV DNA, compared with previous nadir levels, and hepatitis flare was defined as a greater than 3‐fold increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) that exceeded 100 IU/L. Incidence of HBV reactivation and HBV‐related hepatitis flares was 10.4 and 6.4 per 100 person‐year, respectively. Severe HBV‐related hepatitis (ALT >10‐fold of upper limit of normal) occurred in 4 patients, despite entecavir treatment. Patients with hepatitis flare exhibited significantly higher incidence of reappearance of HBsAg after HBV reactivation (100% vs. 28.5%; P = 0.003). Conclusion: In lymphoma patients with resolved HBV infections, chemotherapy‐induced HBV reactivation is not uncommon, but can be managed with regular monitoring of HBV DNA and prompt antiviral therapy. Serological breakthrough (i.e., reappearance of HBsAg) is the most important predictor of HBV‐related hepatitis flare. (Hepatology 2014;59:2092–2100)
Respirator Physiological Effects under Simulated Work Conditions

This study compared the physiological impacts of two respirator types in simulated work conditions. Fifty-six subjects included normal volunteers and persons with mild respiratory impairments (chronic rhinitis, mild COPD, and mild asthma). Respiratory parameters and electrocardiogram were measured using respiratory inductive plethysmography while performing eight work tasks involving low to moderate exertion using two respirators: (1) a dual cartridge half face mask (HFM) respirator, and (2) the N95. Mixed model regression analyses evaluating the effect of task and respirator type showed that task affected tidal volume, minute ventilation, breathing frequency and heart rate; all were greater in heavier tasks. Although respirator type did not affect respiratory volume parameters and flow rates, the HFM led to increase in the inspiratory time, reduction of the expiratory time, and increase in the duty cycle in comparison with the N95. The magnitude of differences was relatively small. The results suggest that most individuals, including persons with mild respiratory impairments, will physiologically tolerate either type of respirator at low to moderate exertion tasks. However, because effective protection depends on proper use, differences in subjective effect may have greater impact than physiological differences. Using respirators may be feasible on a widespread basis if necessary for maintaining essential services in the face of widespread concern about an infectious or terrorist threat.
Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP/HOXA13 expression is associated with disease progression and predicts outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer‐related death. Despite the advances in diagnosis and management of HCC, the biology of this tumor remains poorly understood. Recent evidence highlighted long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as crucial determinants of HCC development. In this study we report the lncRNA HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) as significantly up‐regulated in HCC specimens. The HOTTIP gene is located in physical contiguity with HOXA13 and directly controls the HOXA locus gene expression by way of interaction with the WDR5/MLL complex. HOX genes encode transcription factors regulating embryonic development and cell fate. We previously described HOX genes deregulation to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Indeed, we observed the marked up‐regulation of HOXA13 in HCC. Here, by correlating clinicopathological and expression data, we demonstrate that the levels of HOTTIP and HOXA13 are associated with HCC patients' clinical progression and predict disease outcome. In contrast to the majority of similar studies, our data were obtained from snap‐frozen needle HCC biopsies (n = 52) matched with their nonneoplastic counterparts collected from patients who had not yet received any HCC‐tailored therapeutic treatments at the time of biopsy. In addition, taking advantage of gain and loss of function experiments in liver cancer‐derived cell lines (HuH‐6 and HuH‐7), we uncover a novel bidirectional regulatory loop between HOTTIP/HOXA13. Conclusion: Our study highlights the key role of HOTTIP and HOXA13 in HCC development by associating their expression with metastasis and survival in HCC patients, provides novel insights on the function of lncRNA‐driven hepatocarcinogenesis, and paves the way for further investigation about the possible role of HOTTIP as a predictive biomarker of HCC. (Hepatology 2014;59:911–923)
Regeneração de nervos periféricos: terapia celular e fatores neurotróficos

Traumatismos em nervos perifericos resultam na perda de funcao do orgao inervado e raramente apresentam recuperacao sem a intervencao cirurgica. Diversas tecnicas cirurgicas sao passiveis de serem empregadas para o reparo nervoso. Dentre elas, ressalta-se o uso da tecnica de tubulizacao, podendo ser acrescentados fatores com capacidade regenerativa na câmara. A terapia celular e engenharia de tecidos surgem como uma alternativa para estimular e auxiliar a regeneracao de nervos perifericos. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisao e fornecer um levantamento e uma analise de estudos experimentais e clinicos, quanto aos resultados obtidos, que utilizam a terapia celular e engenharia de tecidos como ferramentas para otimizar o processo de regeneracao. Os artigos utilizados sao oriundos de bases de dados cientificas LILACS e Medline, atraves de pesquisas realizadas no PubMed e SciELO. Artigos sobre o uso de celulas-tronco, celulas de Schwann, fatores de crescimento, colageno, laminina e plasma rico em plaquetas no reparo de nervos perifericos foram sintetizados ao longo da revisao. Com base nos diversos estudos pode-se concluir que a utilizacao de celulas-tronco derivadas de diferentes fontes apresentam resultados promissores na regeneracao nervosa, pois estas possuem capacidade de diferenciacao neuronal, demonstrando, assim, resultados funcionais eficazes. O uso de tubos acrescidos de elementos bioativos com liberacao controlada tambem otimiza o reparo nervoso, promovendo uma maior mielinizacao e crescimento axonal dos nervos perifericos. Outro tratamento promissor e o uso de plasma rico em plaquetas, que, alem de liberar fatores de crescimento importantes no reparo nervoso, ainda serve como um carreador para fatores exogenos estimulando a proliferacao de celulas especificas no reparo de nervo periferico.