Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meningitis Due to Streptococcus salivarius

Streptococcus salivarius is a common inhabitant of the oral mucosa that has been associated with infection in different sites (4). Meningeal infection by this species, generally related to neoplasias or iatrogenia, has been described on few occasions (1, 2, 6). We describe two cases recently diagnosed in our hospital. Case 1. An 84-year-old male was admitted for intestinal subocclusion due to an adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Ten days after admission the patient’s general condition began to deteriorate and developed fever and nuchal rigidity. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) yielded 7,680 leukocytes/ml (95% were polymorphonuclears), 726 mg of protein per dl, and undetectable glucose. Empiric treatment was initiated with ceftazidime (2 g every 6 h), ampicillin (2 g every 4 h), and vancomycin (1 g every 12 h). Streptococci were isolated from the CSF and by culture from one blood sample. Therapy was changed to ampicillin (2 g every 4 h) and gentamicin (80 mg every 8 h). The patient was discharged 22 days later in satisfactory condition. Case 2. A 65-year-old woman who underwent surgery for meniscectomy with epidural anesthesia returned to the hospital 4 days after surgery due to headache, general discomfort, chills, and vomiting that had continued since the day after the meniscectomy. CSF analysis revealed 580 leukocytes/ml (95% were polymorphonuclears), 108 mg of protein per dl, and 26 mg of glucose per dl. The patient, who was allergic to penicillin, was treated empirically with vancomycin (1 g every 12 h) and tobramycin (300 mg every 24 h). A streptococcus was isolated from the CSF. Tobramycin therapy was discontinued, and clindamycin therapy (600 mg every 12 h), was initiated. The patient recovered in 7 days without sequelae. The first case appeared to be an example of an invasive streptococcal infection originating from the large intestine in a patient with intestinal neoplasia and is similar to the other cases described in the literature (1). In the second case, the microorganism was probably introduced at the time the puncture was made for the epidural anesthesia, a risk which has also been reported previously (6). Gram’s staining of the CSF was negative in both patients. Both isolates were identified by phenotypic methods and genetic analysis. In phenotypic analyses, both strains hydrolyzed esculin in the presence of 4% bile and yielded a positive reaction with Lancefield group D antiserum. It was not possible to identify these streptococci to the species level by using
The global burden due to occupational injury.

BACKGROUND Occupational injuries are a public health problem, estimated to kill more than 300,000 workers worldwide every year and to cause many more cases of disability. We estimate the global burden of fatal and non-fatal unintentional occupational injuries for the year 2000. METHODS The economically active population (EAP) of about 2.9 billion workers was used as a surrogate of the population at risk for occupational injuries. Occupational unintentional injury fatality rates for insured workers, by country, were used to estimate WHO regional rates. These were applied to regional EAP to estimate the number of deaths. In addition to mortality, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost, which measure both morbidity and mortality, were calculated for 14 WHO regions. RESULTS Worldwide, hazardous conditions in the workplace were responsible for a minimum of 312,000 fatal unintentional occupational injuries. Together, fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries resulted in about 10.5 million DALYs; that is, about 3.5 years of healthy life are lost per 1,000 workers every year globally. Occupational risk factors are responsible for 8.8% of the global burden of mortality due to unintentional injuries and 8.1% of DALYs due to this outcome. CONCLUSIONS Occupational injuries constitute a substantial global burden. However, our findings greatly underestimate the impact of occupational risk factors leading to injuries in the overall burden of disease. Our estimates could not include intentional injuries at work, or commuting injuries, due to lack of global data. Additional factors contributing to grave underestimation of occupational injuries include limited insurance coverage of workers and substantial under-reporting of fatal injuries in record-keeping systems globally. About 113,000 deaths were probably missed in our analyses due to under-reporting alone. It is clear that known prevention strategies need to be implemented widely to diminish the avoidable burden of injuries in the workplace.
A Dialogue-based MAC Protocol for Efficient Broadcasting in Ad Hoc Networks

This paper proposes a MAC protocol for efficient broadcasting in ad hoc networks. Since pure flooding leads to serious redundant rebroadcasts, packet contention and packet collision, known as the broadcast storm problem, this paper focuses on how to reduce redundant rebroadcasts. Several broadcast protocols periodically exchange hello packets to predetermine effective sets of rebroadcasting nodes, e.g., multipoint relay (MPR) flooding. On the other hand, we propose an on-demand broadcast protocol, which is referred as dialogue-based protocol in order to reduce the redundancy with less overheads and maintaining high reachability. The dialogue-based scheme employs alternative overheads, e.g., request packets and reply signals, instead of hello packets. Request packets and reply signals are exchanged in an on-demand manner in order that relay nodes recognize its neighbor nodes state whether they have already received broadcast packets. Finally, this paper presents some simulation results to show the efficiency of the dialogue-based protocol compared to the pure flooding and the MPR flooding using hello packet.
The stormwater drain system as a pollution vector of the seashore in Fortaleza (Ceará State, Brazil)

The aim of this study was to make a diagnosis of coastal pollution through bacteriological analysis of water taken from stormwater drain systems and the nearby seashore. The results were submitted to statistical analysis as to differences in the Most Probable Number (MPN) of fecal coliform (FC) found between the stormwater drain systems and adjacent seashore locations both at low and high tides. The main conclusions were: (a) most water samples collected from the stormwater systems presented MPN values for FC above 1,000 per 100 ml; (b) only 20% of the samples from the adjacent seashore presented MPN values for FC above 1,000 per 100 ml, a fact which may be explained by the distance between the drain system outlets and the actual seashore; (c) FC/100 ml values were invariably higher in the stormwater drain systems than in seawater; (d) out of the 180 strains isolated, 118 were Escherichia coli; (e) the highest in-sewer pollution rate was found at the sampling location in front of Imperial Othon Palace Hotel (IO-SEW), characterized by the presence of an everlasting puddle, while the most polluted seawater sample was taken in front of Statue of Iracema (SI-SEA); (g) the high tide regime enhances the chance of pollution of the coastal zone by fecal coliforms; (h) the high pollution indices by fecal coliforms can only be accounted for by the existence of illegal sewage pipelines connected to the stormwater drain systems.
Growth, pork quality, and excretion characteristics of pigs fed Bt corn or non-transgenic corn

Two experiments (exp. 1 and exp. 2, respectively) were conducted to compare performance, pork quality, and excretion characteristics of pigs fed diets containing Bt 11 (Bt) or control corn (C: non-transgenic inbred lines for exp. 1, and a non-transgenic isoline for exp. 2). Experiment 1 involved barrows and gilts (total n = 64; initial BW = 64 kg and 60 kg), while in exp. 2, 120 barrows were used (initial BW = 17 kg). Pigs were allocated to pens, blocked by sex and BW. Isocaloric, isolysinic diets contained an indigestible marker in exp. 1. Feed disappearance and weight gain data, and excreta samples were collected weekly in exp. 1. Feed disappearance and weight gain data were collected weekly in exp. 2. No difference in ADG was observed, however, feed efficiency was greater for pigs fed the C diet. No corn effects were observed for hot carcass weight, loin eye area, or backfat depth. Hunter color ‘b’ values and values for chroma were significantly greater for pigs fed C diets (P = 0.02, < 0.01, respectiv.
Target selection of proprioceptive and motor axon synapses on neonatal V1‐derived Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells

The diversity of premotor interneurons in the mammalian spinal cord is generated from a few phylogenetically conserved embryonic classes of interneurons (V0, V1, V2, V3). Their mechanisms of diversification remain unresolved, although these are clearly important to understand motor circuit assembly in the spinal cord. Some Ia inhibitory interneurons (IaINs) and all Renshaw cells (RCs) derive from embryonic V1 interneurons; however, in adult they display distinct functional properties and synaptic inputs, for example proprioceptive inputs preferentially target IaINs, while motor axons target RCs. Previously, we found that both inputs converge on RCs in neonates, raising the possibility that proprioceptive (VGLUT1‐positive) and motor axon synapses (VAChT‐positive) initially target several different V1 interneurons populations and then become selected or deselected postnatally. Alternatively, specific inputs might precisely connect only with predefined groups of V1 interneurons. To test these hypotheses we analyzed synaptic development on V1‐derived IaINs and compared them to RCs of the same age and spinal cord levels. V1‐interneurons were labeled using genetically encoded lineage markers in mice. The results show that although neonatal V1‐derived IaINs and RCs are competent to receive proprioceptive synapses, these synapses preferentially target the proximal somato‐dendritic regions of IaINs and postnatally proliferate on IaINs, but not on RCs. In contrast, cholinergic synapses on RCs are specifically derived from motor axons, while on IaINs they originate from Pitx2 V0c interneurons. Thus, motor, proprioceptive, and even some interneuron inputs are biased toward specific subtypes of V1‐interneurons. Postnatal strengthening of these inputs is later superimposed on this initial preferential targeting. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:4675–4701, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychoeducational Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

In recent years, researchers have observed selective neuropsychological impairment associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood. At increased risk are children who develop diabetes before the age of 5, who experience severe hypo- and hyperglycemia, or who have frequent episodes of mild to moderate hypoglycemia. This article explores the existing literature to establish frequency and consistency of general and specific neurocognitive deficits in this pediatric patient population, as well as the impact of these deficits on school achievement and learning disabilities. Studies are integrated to identify contributing diabetes and nondiabetes factors. This is followed by a reanalysis of the data from two studies of diabetic children to determine the learning disability characteristics of this population and the factors contributing to dysfunctional school performance. Findings are discussed in terms of the impact of different factors reflecting adequacy of diabetes control on specific psychoe-ducational abilities.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease.

Human anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare disorder characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and lung haemorrhage. However, it is the cause of only about one third of the cases of this clinical syndrome, and lung haemorrhage does not occur in all patients. The autoantibodies which define the disorder are directed towards a component of the glomerular basement membrane that is also found in a restricted range of other basement membranes, although renal and pulmonary disease are the only clinically important consequences of their presence.
A Nanobody Activation Immunotherapeutic that Selectively Destroys HER2‐Positive Breast Cancer Cells

We report a rationally designed nanobody activation immunotherapeutic that selectively redirects anti‐dinitrophenyl (anti‐DNP) antibodies to the surface of HER2‐positive breast cancer cells, resulting in their targeted destruction by antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. As nanobodies are relatively easy to express, stable, can be humanized, and can be evolved to potently and selectively bind virtually any disease‐relevant cell surface receptor, we anticipate broad utility of this therapeutic strategy.
Statistical Abstract of Undergraduate Programs in the Mathematical Sciences in the United States

A control system for providing automatic compensation of variations in the gain of the controlled member, such as an aircraft control surface, comprising a closed-loop circuit which operates in obedience to a law relating the value of the actuation quantity to the difference between the actual output quantity and the commanded quantity, said law taking the form : beta 'c = - K1 ¦y¦F (x) - K2G (x) WHERE beta 'C IS THE DERIVATIVE OF THE COMPENSATION SIGNAL ; Y IS SUCH THAT Ty' + y = T beta 'c, T being a constant ; F(x) and G(x) are functions of said difference and K1 and K2 are predetermined coefficients, said closed-loop circuit including multipliar means, inverting amplifiers, summing means, integrator means, a differentiating circuit and a circuit delivering the absolute value of y, whereby said law is satisfied.
Genetics in meningococcal disease: one step beyond.

emerged in the 1990s, creating useful tools for meningococcal disease. The standard for epidemiologic research has become multilocus sequence typing. Multilocus sequence typing analysis determines genetic variation in 7 housekeeping genes of the meningococcus and has shown that most cases of disease are caused by a few clonal complexes of related sequence types, the hypervirulent lineages [8, 9]. As a diagnostics tool, PCR has shown to be a highly sensitive test in meningococcal disease [10]. Meningococcal DNA detection by PCR has been used in Great Britain since 1996 and can be regarded as a routine diagnostic test in patients with suspected meningococcal disease. Quantitative PCR to determine bacterial load has not been broadly implemented, and its clinical value still has yet to be assessed. New genetic research techniques have also identified host genetic polymorphisms that influence severity and outcome in meningococcal disease. A clear association between mortality and meningococcal disease was found for polymorphisms in the IL-1 (IL-1), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) genes (figure 1) [5–7, 11–13]. For these genes, 8 different polymorphisms have been described in 6 studies, which included a total of 2534 patients. The median mortality rate among patients included in these studies was 7% (range, 1%–19%). Diagnosis was microbiologically confirmed in 4 of 6 studies; 2 studies also included patients with a clinical picture of meningococcal disease without microbiological confirmation. We performed a meta-analysis of available studies and reported that the polymorphisms PAI 4G/5G, IL1-RA +2018C/T, and IL-1B -511C/T were related to death, with ORs of 2.3 (95% CI, 1.5–3.5), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3–2.9), and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1–3.1), respectively.
Effects of Breast Milk on the Severity and Outcome of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Among Infants of Drug-Dependent Mothers

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of breast milk on the severity and outcome of neonatal abstinence syndrome. METHODS. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 190 drug-dependent mother and infant pairs. Patients were categorized according to the predominant type of milk consumed by the infant on the fifth day of life (breast milk: n = 85 or formula: n = 105). The Finnegan's scoring system was used to monitor withdrawal, and medication was commenced if there were 2 scores of ≥8. RESULTS. Mean Finnegan scores were significantly lower in the breast milk group during the first 9 days of life even after stratifying for prematurity and exposure to polydrug and methadone. Significantly fewer infants required withdrawal treatment in the breast milk group. The median time to withdrawal occurred considerably later in breast milk group. In a multivariate analysis controlled for exposure to drugs of high risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome, polydrug, and prematurity, breast milk group was associated with lower need for neonatal abstinence syndrome treatment. CONCLUSIONS. Breast milk intake is associated with reduced neonatal abstinence syndrome severity, delayed onset of neonatal abstinence syndrome, and decreased need for pharmacologic treatment, regardless of the gestation and the type of drug exposure.
Does Delayed Perception of the Onset of Lactation Shorten Breastfeeding Duration?

This longitudinal study evaluated the impact of the timing of maternal perception of the onset of lactation on breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding mothers who delivered a fullterm infant were interviewed daily from day 1 postpartum until the onset of lactation. Women were recontacted to determine the duration of any breastfeeding at 6.7 months postpartum, and if necessary, at 16.2 months postpartum. Cox survival multivariate analyses indicated that among women planning to breastfeed for at least 6 months, those with onset of lactation <72 hours postpartum were likely to breastfeed longer than their counterparts with a delayed onset of lactation. Median breastfeeding durations were 11.7 months and 3.4 months, respectively (p<0.00001). Among women who intended to breastfeed for less than 6 months, the timing of the onset of lactation did not influence breastfeeding duration. All analyses controlled for body build, delivery method, employment status, education, parity, and maternal age. These findings suggest that a delayed onset of lactation is likely to be associated with a shorter breastfeeding duration. This relationship, however, was modified by the mother's intended breastfeeding duration.
Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The focus of this study was the systematic evaluation of the clinical effects of glycine as an adjunct to the atypical antipsychotic clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenia. METHOD In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 19 patients with chronic, treatment-resistant schizophrenia who were maintained on optimal doses of clozapine (400-1200 mg/day) were administered either 30 g/day of glycine (N=9) or placebo (N=10) for 12 weeks. Clinical evaluations with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Simpson-Angus movement scale were completed biweekly. RESULTS The use of glycine as an adjunct to clozapine was not effective in decreasing positive or negative symptoms. In contrast, the patients treated with clozapine without glycine had a 35% reduction in positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data suggest that glycine may interfere with the antipsychotic efficacy of atypical neuroleptics such as clozapine.
Periorbital and orbital infections in children

Bacterial infections of the periorbital and orbital tissues range in severity from minor to life-threatening. Preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis is more common than orbital cellulitis and occurs quite frequently in children. A history of antecedent trauma or upper respiratory tract infection is present in more than half of all cases. Evaluation by computed tomography scans is an indispensable part of the diagnostic procedure. All cultures should be obtained before institution of antibiotic therapy. Initial therapy should begin with administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics with adjustments made in response to positive culture results. Response to antibiotics is usually prompt and the incidence of complications is low. If clinical improvement is slow, surgery should be performed early in the course of the disease to minimize the potential for significant complications such as cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Long term recurrence, pain and patient satisfaction after ventral hernia mesh repair.

AIM To compare long term outcomes of laparoscopic and open ventral hernia mesh repair with respect to recurrence, pain and satisfaction. METHODS We conducted a single-centre follow-up study of 194 consecutive patients after laparoscopic and open ventral hernia mesh repair between March 2000 and June 2010. Of these, 27 patients (13.9%) died and 12 (6.2%) failed to attend their follow-up appointment. One hundred and fifty-three (78.9%) patients attended for follow-up and two patients (1.0%) were interviewed by telephone. Of those who attended the follow-up appointment, 82 (52.9%) patients had received laparoscopic ventral hernia mesh repair (LVHR) while 73 (47.1%) patients had undergone open ventral hernia mesh repair (OVHR), including 11 conversions. The follow-up study included analyses of medical records, clinical interviews, examination of hernia recurrence and assessment of pain using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) ruler anchored by word descriptors. Overall patient satisfaction was also determined. Patients with signs of recurrence were examined by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan. RESULTS Median time from hernia mesh repair to follow-up was 48 and 52 mo after LVHR and OVHR respectively. Overall recurrence rates were 17.1% after LVHR and 23.3% after OVHR. Recurrence after LVHR was associated with higher body mass index. Smoking was associated with recurrence after OVHR. Chronic pain (VAS > 30 mm) was reported by 23.5% in the laparoscopic cohort and by 27.8% in the open surgery cohort. Recurrence and late complications were predictors of chronic pain after LVHR. Smoking was associated with chronic pain after OVHR. Sixty point five percent were satisfied with the outcome after LVHR and 49.3% after OVHR. Predictors for satisfaction were absence of chronic pain and recurrence. Old age and short time to follow-up also predicted satisfaction after LVHR. CONCLUSION LVHR and OVHR give similar long term results for recurrence, pain and overall satisfaction. Chronic pain is frequent and is therefore important for explaining dissatisfaction.
Security and Resilience in 5G: Current Challenges and Future Directions

5G tends to be a multi-layered, multi-actor, and multi-access mobile network in order to fulfill the stringent availability, security, privacy and resilience requirements that are usually contradictory. In this paper, we propose a 5G vision based on softwarization. We provide a non-exhaustive list of current security, trust and resilience issues that are critical to be explored in 5G. We finally give some directions to overcome these issues.
High performance substitutional-gate MOSFETs using MBE source-drain regrowth and scaled gate oxides

We report high transconductance MOSFETs with scaled dielectric (1.2 nm EOT) fabricated using a substitutional-gate process with MBE source/drain regrowth. A 50 nm-L<sub>g</sub> and 1.2 nm EOT device shows 0.8 mA/μm on-current at V<sub>gs</sub>-V<sub>th</sub> = 0.8 V and V<sub>ds</sub> = 0.5 V and 1.0 mS/μm peak transconductance at V<sub>ds</sub> = 0.5 V which are 25% and 40% higher than those of a 1.65 nm EOT control device, respectively. Transmission line method (TLM) measurements indicate 0.8 Ohm-μm<sup>2</sup> metal-semiconductor contact resistivity and 18 Ohm sheet resistance of the regrown N+ source-drain contact layer.