Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Feeding Processed Soy Protein on the Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal Digestibility in Weanling Pigs

For Exp. 1, one hundred twenty Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace pigs (6.34±0.70 kg average initial BW) were used in a 35 d growth assay. There were six pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 1) NC (negative control; basal diet), 2) PC (positive control; added 5% HP 300  , HAMLET PROTEIN A/S, as protein source), 3) PSP 2.5 (added 2.5% Pepsoygen  , Genebiotech Co. Ltd., as protein source), 4) PSP 5.0 (added 5% Pepsoygen  as protein source), and 5) PSP 7.5 (added 7.5% Pepsoygen  as protein source). For d 21, ADFI was increased in pigs fed PSP diets compared with PC diet (p<0.05). ADG was tended to improve as concentration of PSP in the diets was increased. For d 21-35 and entire experimental period, pigs fed PSP diets had more feed intake than pigs fed NC or PC diets (p<0.05). For the whole period, ADG was improved in PSP treatments compared with NC treatment (Linear effect, p=0.05). On d 21 and d 35, digestibilities of DM and N were higher (p<0.05) for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed NC diet and PSP 2.5 treatment was the highest among the treatments. On d 21, digestibility of N was significantly improved in PSP treatments compared with PC treatment (p<0.05). For Exp. 2, five Duroc×Yorkshire×Landrace barrows (8.74±0.22 kg average initial BW) were surgically fitted with a simple T-cannulas approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo-cecal junction. The experimental designs were 5×5 latin squares with pigs and periods as blocking criteria. Dietary treatments were same as Exp.1. Generally, apparent ileal digestibilities of DM and N were higher for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed NC or PC diets (p<0.05) and PSP 5.0 and 2.5 treatments were the highest among the treatments, respectively. Apparent ileal digestibilities of the whole amino acids were increased in PSP treatments compared with NC treatment (Quadratic effect, p≤0.05). Also, histidine, lysine and threonine digestibilities in essential amino acids and alanine, asparatic acid and glycine digestibilities in non essential amino acids were significantly higher for pigs fed PSP diets than pigs fed PC diets (p≤0.05). In conclusion, feeding processed soy protein to weanling pigs increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility and apparent ileal digestibilities of DM, N and most amino acids. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 9 : 1271-1276)
AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONGESTION PRICING

With respect to the prevailing congestion problems in the more urbanised regions of the European Union, transportation planners and policymakers are facing a dilemma. Supply-side measures, i.e. increasing the capacities, might shorten the congestion duration, especially if bottlenecks can be removed. However, the addition of extra lanes in motorway bottlenecks is generally very costly, not only in terms of investment costs, but also in terms of space consumption and environmental effects. The strategy to build to provide, that is, adjusting the capacities to the expected peak demand, is sub-optimal from an economic point of view. Economists have shown that users tend to respond to congestion in a way that is not optimal from a system point of view (see for instance Waiters, 1968). In many cases, there is a mismatch between the congestion costs experienced by an individual user and the congestion costs caused by the same user, and demand-side measures might help to stimulate 'social' behaviour. The problem is, however, that it is hard to convince the public that measures like congestion pricing are really effective in preventing congestion. The allegation that congestion pricing would only result in paid queuing instead of free queuing has successfully been used in a campaign against the introduction of road pricing in the Netherlands.
Low temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of conformal silver coatings for applications in high aspect ratio structures

A low temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process has been developed for the growth of conformal silver coatings for applications in reflective mirror arrays, computer chip metallization, and superconducting wire and cable technologies. The process employed the silver source precursor Ag(COD)hfac, where COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene and hfac=1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro 2,4-pentanedionate. Silver films were deposited at wafer temperature, source temperature, and processing pressure in the range of, respectively, 160–240 °C, 80–150 °C, and 0.5–5 Torr. Experiments were carried out in the presence of either argon or hydrogen as coreactant. The resulting films were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and cross-section scanning electron microscopy. These investigations indicated that the silver films were pure, highly specular, and exhibited excellent conformality in 180 nm wide trench structures with 7:1 aspect ratio.
DNA microarray-based detection of antibiotic resistance genes of human isolates of Escherichia coli in Nigeria

Molecular epidemiology of human ecovariants of Escherichia coli from different regions of Nigeria were studied using their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, plasmid profile and DNA microarray techniques. E. coli was isolated using Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) and identified by conventional microbiological technique. The isolates were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Genotyping was done using DNA microarray. Overall, 42 different antibiotics resistance clusters were observed, with each isolate showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Of the 60 isolates genotyped with DNA microarray, 57 were identified as having, at least, one antimicrobial resistance gene. Among the 90 antibiotic resistance genes detected, bla-CMY-2 was the most prevalent occurring in 38 (63.3%) of the isolates. Other highly prevalent genes occurring in the human isolates, include strA 28(70%) aadE 28(70%); TEM1 11(27.5%); Sul2 14(35%); andTetA 21(52.5%). The microarray genotyping corresponded with the phenotype of the strains. Presence of drug-resistance genes/plasmids in commensal strains isolated from apparently healthy individuals is of great public health importance. Key words: DNA microarray, E. coli, Nigeria.
Comparative Study of Different Variable Truncated Multipliers

2 ABSTRACT: Multipliers play a significant part in the DSP architecture. Truncation helps in the reduction of power consumption by disabling a portion of the partial product. In this paper different multipliers are made to truncate the partial products variably using a control bit and then compared for power and delay. The comparison results show that the Dadda multipliershows a small improvement in power and Baugh Wooley multiplier is better in terms of delay.
Encryption analysis of AES-Cipher Block Chaining performance in Crypto-Wall Ransomware and SDN based mitigation

The arrival of affordable high speed internet and superior computing processors has given the ability to access a novel environment of opportunities and challenges at an individuals fingertips. Sectors of education, administration, business, medical and corporate have been revolutionised by this latest onset of technology. With the arrival of IoT (Internet of Things), the number of devices that are connected to the internet will be higher than ever before. Along with this increase, the diversity of threats propagating on the internet will see a comparable increase. These threats are designed in a way to alter the integrity of the data, embed itself into other programs for further propagation and also to gain monetary compensation. In recent times, the popular malware which has made headlines worldwide is ransomware. This type of malware infection uses complex encryption of user specific files and demands a ransom for retrieval of these files. Modern ransomware behaviour indicates propagation of the malware from the host victim to other computers and shared drives within its network. This paper contains indetailed analysis of ransomware and the currents trends of this malware. The time taken for CryptoWall ransomware encryption using AESCBC is observed for various data sizes and a SDN approach for ransomware threat mitigation is discussed.
Service system planning in the presence of a random arrival rate

A fundamental workforce management challenge for inbound call center managers is to determine the number of agents to be scheduled to answer calls during each time period. These decisions are typically based on the desire to minimize cost while achieving some pre-determined service objectives. These service objectives are typically functionals of the customer queue time distributions, which in turn are highly dependent on the distribution of customer arrivals. The traditional call center modeling approach is to divide a given planning horizon into a series of time periods, and to assume a deterministic fixed-rate Poisson arrival process for each period. These arrival processes then determine the performance measures that drive the selection of staffing levels. The arrival rate is very often not known with certainty, as we show in this paper through the analysis of historical data from several call centers. This type of uncertainty arises either because the arrival rate varies randomly over time or because the rate is simply unknown due to lack of information. In either case, the uncertainty in the arrival rate has major implications for the validity of traditional performance measures and consequently on the quality of staffing decisions. In this paper, we consider two potential forms of uncertainty in the arrival rates, and in each case address the question of what performance measures to use in order to support staffing decisions. We also explore ways to compute appropriate estimates for these performance measures. We clarify when the analytical approximations can be expected to be accurate and describe when and how simulation should be used to provide better estimates.
Slicing Techniques Applied to Concurrent Languages

Program slicing is a well-known technique in imperative programming for extracting those statements of a program that may affect a given program point. This thesis introduces new slicing techniques for concurrent languages. These languages are CSP and Petri Nets. The Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) language allows us to specify complex systems with multiple interacting processes. The study and transformation of such systems often implies different analyses (e.g., deadlock analysis, reliability analysis, refinement checking, etc.) Here, a static slicing based technique to slice CSP specifications is described. Given a particular event in a CSP specification, our technique allows us to know what parts of the specification must necessarily be executed before this event, and what parts of the specification could be executed before it in some execution. This technique can be very useful to debug, understand, maintain and reuse specifications; but also as a preprocessing stage of other analyses and/or transformations in order to reduce the complexity of the CSP specification. Our technique is based on a new data structure which extends the synchronized CFG. We show that this new data structure improves the synchronized CFG by taking into account the context in which processes are called and, thus, makes the slicing process more precise. Furthermore, we
Riccati-less approach for optimal control and estimation: an application to two-dimensional boundary layers

Abstract The control of Tollmien–Schlichting waves in a two-dimensional boundary layer is analysed using numerical simulations. Full-dimensional optimal controllers are used in combination with a setup of spatially localized inputs (actuator and disturbance) and outputs (sensors). The adjoint of the direct-adjoint (ADA) algorithm, recently proposed by Pralits & Luchini (In Seventh IUTAM Symposium on Laminar–Turbulent Transition (ed. P. Schlatter & D. S. Henningson), vol. 18, 2010, Springer), is used to efficiently compute an optimal controller known as a linear quadratic regulator; the method is iterative and allows one to bypass the solution of the corresponding Riccati equation, which is infeasible for high-dimensional systems. We show that an analogous iteration can be made for the estimation problem; the dual algorithm is referred to as adjoint of the adjoint-direct (AAD). By combining the solutions of the estimation and control problem, full-dimensional linear quadratic Gaussian controllers are obtained and used for the attenuation of the disturbances arising in the boundary layer flow. The full-dimensional controllers turn out to be an excellent benchmark for evaluating the performance of the optimal control/estimation design based on reduced-order models. We show under which conditions the two strategies are in perfect agreement by focusing on the issues arising when feedback configurations are considered. An analysis of the finite-amplitude disturbances is also carried out by addressing the limitations of the optimal controllers, the role of the estimation, and the robustness to the nonlinearities arising in the flow of the control design.
Niskanen Classical Model Implementation of the Office’s Operations Evaluation

The economic downturn has caused fiscal tension in the country in recent years. Budget revenues decreased and it indicated the need for the revision and control of expenditure. Therefore, the issues related to the evaluation opportunities of governmental expenditure are becoming particularly urgent. It is emphasized that a key factor in public sector’s performance is the public good, which ensures services of government institutions, and encompasses both quantitative and qualitative aspects. However, economic researches on the public sector’s performance efficiency focus on problems related to the determination of the public good as well as activate the possibility for its practical application. The US economist W.A. Niskanen mathematically grounded the bureau performance balance-shaping principles in the context of possibilities for evaluation of public administration, id est. the situation in which the institution’s performance can be evaluated as effective. In order to evaluate efficiency aspects of the public sector’s performance as well as their potential impact on the formation process of the state budget spending part, the authors of the research put forward the following objective – to perform mathematical calculations of bureau performance balance-shaping principles, grounded by the US economist W. A. Niskanen, and to assess the model’s potential opportunities for practical application. As a research novelty, the developed practical application software of Niskanen’s classical model of bureau performance is presented in MATLAB environment.
Bacterial Communities’ Structure in a High mountain lake during the ice-free season: cultural and PCR-TGGE investigations

La Caldera” is a high mountain lake located in Sierra Nevada, Spain. For its position andcharacteristics it is considered as an important “sensor” for global changes. Water samples were collectedduring the ice-free season in order to observe changes in the bacterial community structure. Experiments were carried out complementing culture and culture-independent methods. Strong variations of the bacterialcommunities were recorded along the sampling period in particular regarding number and phylogeneticrelationships of the microorganisms detected. At the season beginning, bacterial counts were rather high butstrains belonged only to β- and γ-Proteobacteria. By contrast, in the middle of the season, possibly due toexternal inputs, total number of bacteria decreased but other phylogenetic groups, such as α–proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicute appeared. On the whole, Proteobacteria were the dominant microbiota. Bacterial diversity and presence of most abundant species were analysed by PCR-TGGE. Sequencing of TGGE bandsconfirmed that prevalent Bacteria populations were evolutively close to Proteobacteria with predominance of α- and β-Proteobacteria. Analysis of diversity and functional organization suggested that “La Caldera” bacterial microbiota, typical of oligotrophic and/or extreme environments with low habitability, was characterized by a community organized in an adequate distribution of dominant and resilient species. Although rather specialized, the community presented a sufficient functionality and flexibility to react to changing and stressing conditions. However, along the ice-free season, the community evolved showing more specialized populations with less adaptation abilities. This is the first work complementing cultural and cultural-independent methods for the “La Caldera” lake.
Beyond gradual warming: extreme weather events alter flower phenology of European grassland and heath species

Shifts in the phenology of plant and animal species or in the migratory arrival of birds are seen as ‘fingerprints’ of global warming. However, even if such responses have been documented in large continent‐wide datasets of the northern hemisphere, all studies to date correlate the phenological pattern of various taxa with gradual climatic trends. Here, we report a previously unobserved phenomenon: severe drought and heavy rain events caused phenological shifts in plants of the same magnitude as one decade of gradual warming. We present data from two vegetation periods in an experimental setting containing the first evidence of shifted phenological response of 10 grassland and heath species to simulated 100‐year extreme weather events in Central Europe. Averaged over all species, 32 days of drought significantly advanced the mid‐flowering date by 4 days. The flowering length was significantly extended by 4 days. Heavy rainfall (170 mm over 14 days) had no significant effect on the mid‐flowering date. However, heavy rainfall reduced the flowering length by several days. Observed shifts were species‐specific, (e.g. drought advanced the mid‐flowering date for Holcus lanatus by 1.5 days and delayed the mid‐flowering date for Calluna vulgaris by 5.7 days, heavy rain advanced mid‐flowering date of Lotus corniculatus by 26.6 days and shortened the flowering length of the same species by 36.9 days). Interestingly, the phenological response of individual species was modified by community composition. For example, the mid‐flowering date of C. vulgaris was delayed after drought by 9.3 days in communities composed of grasses and dwarf shrubs compared with communities composed of dwarf shrubs only. This indicates that responses to extreme events are context specific. Additionally, the phenological response of experimental communities to extreme weather events can be modified by the functional diversity of a stand. Future studies on phenological response patterns related to climate change would profit from explicitly addressing the role of extreme weather events.
Expiration-day effects, settlement mechanism, and market structure: an empirical examination of Taiwan futures exchange

This study constructs a series of nine time windows around expiration-day to dynamically examine the market impact of derivatives’ settlements. Further, multiple-regression analysis is set out to investigate the potential factors accounting for the market anomalies of expiration-day effects. The empirical evidence indicates that price effect, volatility effect, and trading volume effect significantly occur in the three consecutive windows immediately after the settlement of derivatives. Moreover, the results seem more favorable on market conditions than market structure in explaining the expiration-day effects.
Bacteria and fungi in organic dust as potential health hazard

People engaged in agriculture, waste collection and other professions are exposed to large quantities of bioaerosols associated with organic dusts, ranging from 10-10 cfu/m. These bioaerosols are composed of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, Gram-positive, non-branching bacteria (corynebacteria, cocci and endospore-forming bacilli), actinomycetes and fungi (moulds and yeasts). Endotoxin produced by Gramnegative bacteria causes non-specific, inflammatory reaction in the lungs of exposed people, while thermophilic actinomycetes and moulds are a common cause of allergy. So far only little is known about health effects of Gram-positive bacteria, which in many cases form a dominant fraction of dust-borne bioaerosols. Address for correspondence: Jacek Dutkiewicz, Department of Aerobiology and Allergology, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, P.O. Box 185, 20-950 Lublin, Poland. E-mail: dutkiewi@galen.imw. lublin.pl
The influence of habitat and landscape on small mammals in Estonian coastal wetlands

We investigated the influence of habitat type and landscape composition on small mammal relative abundance and diversity in coastal wetlands in western Estonia. Seventy live-trap lines in eight representative habitats, across six wetlands revealed seven species. The most diverse habitats were reed bed and scrub woodland, whereas tall grasslands had the highest biomass. Short grass was low in species richness and relative abundance. Small mammal relative abundance, richness, and biomass were positively correlated with tall grass and mosaic habitats and negatively correlated with lower shore habitats and bare ground. Our study indicates potential nature conservation conflicts between small mammals and other biodiversity priorities in wetlands.
Title A Simple Mechanism Based on Amino Acid Substitutions is not a Critical Determinant of High Mortality of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Mice

For the development of effective treatment strategies for Japanese encephalitis (JE), it is important to identify the viral factors causing severe disease during JE virus (JEV) infection. In this study, we assessed whether amino acid substitutions are critical factors for higher mortality of JaTH160 compared with JaOArS982 in mice using the technique of infectious cDNA clones. We raised the possibility that two amino acids of C124 and NS3482 of JaTH160 may contribute to increased mortality in mice. However, simultaneous substitutions of these amino acids did not significantly increase the virulence of JaOArS982, suggesting that high mortality due to JaTH160 viral infection cannot be simply attributed to the specific amino acids. Multiple and complex, but not simple, mechanisms may induce the high mortality of JaTH160 infection in mice.