Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of voluntary and involuntary patients admitted to hospital

Abstract Objectives: In view of the apparent public discontent that has been expressed by individuals towards temporary certification and involuntary treatment, this study was set up to assess patients' reactions to their involuntary admission. The study compared the demographic characteristics of voluntary and involuntary patients and assessed their attitudes towards and knowledge of the certification process that presently exists in Ireland. Method: A total of 68 patients, 38 involuntary patients consecutively admitted over a six month period and 30 voluntary patients selected over the same period, were interviewed with a standard questionnaire, on average six months after discharge. Results: Involuntary patients were more likely to be single, live with their families and showed no demonstrable gender bias. Involuntary patients had limited knowledge of specific aspects of their individual certifications, particularly with regard to knowledge of their rights, admission status and knowledge of the identity of the applicant of the certificate. Of these, 10% were aware of their rights on admission and only 14% could recall that their rights had been explained to them on admission. Conclusion: Although patients initially expressed strong feelings of anger on admission towards committal, these feelings were found to reduce over time. Recommendations for improving the present Mental Health Act were suggested by those interviewed and these included a need for an initial assessment period before certification is completed and a need for improved communication by medical staff regarding information on the admission status, the identity of the applicant and on the person's rights.
The Importance of eSlide Macro Images for Primary Diagnosis with Whole Slide Imaging

Introduction: A whole slide image (WSI) is typically comprised of a macro image (low-power snapshot of the entire glass slide) and stacked tiles in a pyramid structure (with the lowest resolution thumbnail at the top). The macro image shows the label and all pieces of tissue on the slide. Many whole slide scanner vendors do not readily show the macro overview to pathologists. We demonstrate that failure to do so may result in a serious misdiagnosis. Materials and Methods: Various examples of errors were accumulated that occurred during the digitization of glass slides where the virtual slide differed from the macro image of the original glass slide. Such examples were retrieved from pathology laboratories using different types of scanners in the USA, Canada, Europe, and Asia. Results: The reasons for image errors were categorized into technical problems (e.g., automatic tissue finder failure, image mismatches, and poor scan coverage) and human operator mistakes (e.g., improper manual region of interest selection). These errors were all detected because they were highlighted in the macro image. Conclusion: Our experience indicates that WSI can be subject to inadvertent errors related to glitches in scanning slides, corrupt images, or mistakes made by humans when scanning slides. Displaying the macro image that accompanies WSIs is critical from a quality control perspective in digital pathology practice as this can help detect these serious image-related problems and avoid compromised diagnoses.
Bioclimatic modeling in the Last Glacial Maximum, Mid-Holocene and facing future climatic changes in the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.)

Increasing forest wildfires in Portugal remain a growing concern since forests in the Mediterranean region are vulnerable to recent global warming and reduction of precipitation. Therefore, a long-term negative effect is expected on the vegetation, with increasing drought and areas burnt by fires. The strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) is particularly used in Portugal to produce a spirit by processing its fruits and is the main income for forestry owners. Other applications are possible due to the fruit and leaves’ anti-oxidant properties and bioactive compounds production, with a potential for clinical and food uses. It is a sclerophyllous plant, dry-adapted and fire resistant, enduring the Mediterranean climate, and recently considered as a possibility for afforestation, to intensify forest discontinuity where pines and eucalypts monoculture dominate the region. To improve our knowledge about the species’ spatial distribution we used 318 plots (the centroid of a 1 km2 square grid) measuring the species presence and nine environmental attributes. The seven bioclimatic variables most impacting on the species distribution and two topographic features, slope and altitude, were used. The past, current and future climate data were obtained through WorldClim. Finally, the vulnerability of the strawberry tree to the effects of global climate change was examined in the face of two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5), to predict distribution changes in the years 2050 and 2070, using a species distribution models (MaxEnt). The reduction of suitable habitat for this species is significant in the southern regions, considering the future scenarios of global warming. Central and northern mountainous regions are putative predicted refuges for this species. Forest policy and management should reflect the impact of climate change on the usable areas for forestry, particularly considering species adapted to the Mediterranean regions and wildfires, such as the strawberry tree. The distribution of the species in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Mid-Holocene (MH) agrees with previous genetic and paleontological studies in the region, which support putative refuges for the species. Two in the southern and coastal-central regions, since the LGM, and one in the east-central mountainous region, considered as cryptic refugia.
Preference in the use of full childhood immunizations in Ethiopia: the role of maternal health services

Background Immunizations represent a successful and cost-effective public health strategy in preventing common childhood diseases. Ethiopia has made remarkable progress in increasing its full immunization coverage, but significant gaps remain. This study aims to measure the preference in the use of full immunizations for children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia and examine the role of key maternal health services. Methods This is a cross-sectional study and uses data from a nationally generalizable survey, the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 2016. It includes a representative sample of 2,168 children aged 12–23 months. The main outcome was full immunization, measured based on the WHO guidelines (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin [BCG], diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis [DPT], polio, and measles vaccines). The main exposure variables were provision of three key maternal health services (antenatal care, delivery services, and tetanus vaccine) as well as other sociodemographic factors. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results This study found the overall full immunization coverage in Ethiopia to be much lower (39%) than the WHO-recommended rate (≥90%). There were distinctive differences in the preference in the use of full immunization coverage for various vaccines (BCG 70.0%, polio 56.5%, measles 55.3%, and DPT 53.9%). The maternal health service variables (antenatal care, delivery services, and tetanus vaccine) were significantly associated with the full immunization of children aged 12–23 months (P<0.001). In the full model, the maternal health service variables remained significant, along with other socioeconomic predictors of full immunization, including sex of the household head (P<0.001), maternal education (P<0.05), wealth index (P<0.01), and religion (P<0.001). Conclusion Full immunization coverage has been identified as a critical factor in the prevention of morbidity and mortality from childhood diseases. Future progress in the provision of key maternal health services can have a positive impact in narrowing the gap in immunization coverage.
A case series of metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies

Abstract Metastases to the breast from extra-mammary malignancies are extremely uncommon. The discovery of a breast mass in a patient with a known primary tumor elsewhere poses a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. An awareness of the various malignancies that can metastasize to the breast and accurate diagnosis of the same is essential to avoid an unnecessary mastectomy and to guide further therapy. In this case series, we describe such clinical scenarios with an emphasis on the imaging features of metastases to the breast, which will enable radiologists to recognize this entity with greater ease.
Suivi de caméra stéréo pour des applications de réalité augmentée sur téléphone mobile

Nous presentons notre recherche en cours sur un algorithme de suivi dedie a des equipements mobiles pourvus d'une camera stereo. L'algorithme fonctionne en temps reel sur un prototype de plate-forme et il peut etre utilise comme moteur d'applications de realite augmentee. Afin de s'adapter aux ressources limitees disponibles, nous avons concu un algorithme qui utilise la camera stereo uniquement pour la reconstruction 3D des points, alors que le suivi des points n'est realise que sur une des deux images, permettant ainsi de reduire les temps de traitement. Nous montrons quelques resultats preliminaires dans lesquels le suivi de camera a ete valide avec un scenario realiste et qui demontrent une robustesse bien adaptee a une application de realite augmentee.
Behavioural thermoregulation via microhabitat selection of winter sleeping areas in an endangered primate: implications for habitat conservation

Strategic microhabitat selection allows animals in seasonally cold environments to reduce homeostatic energy costs, particularly overnight when thermoregulatory demands are greatest. Suitable sleeping areas may therefore represent important resources for winter survival. Knowledge of microhabitat use and potential impacts of anthropogenic habitat modification can aid species conservation through development of targeted habitat management plans. Wild, endangered Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in logged cedar-oak forest were studied to investigate (1) the hypothesis that macaques select winter sleeping areas with microhabitat characteristics that may reduce thermoregulatory costs, and, if so, (2) how to minimize damage to sleeping areas from logging. Macaques slept only in Atlas cedars (Cedrus atlantica). Consistent with predictions, macaques preferred sleeping in sheltered topography and dense vegetation, which may reduce exposure to wind, precipitation and cold, and preferred large trees that facilitate social huddling. This suggests that Barbary macaques employ strategic nocturnal microhabitat selection to reduce thermoregulatory costs and thus suitable sleeping areas may influence winter survival. To minimize negative impacts of logging on macaque sleeping areas, results suggest avoiding logging in topographical depressions and maintaining cedar densities greater than 250 ha−1 with average breast height greater than 60 cm. This study demonstrates how animal behaviour can be used to guide species-specific habitat management plans.
Lipopolysaccharide promoted proliferation and adipogenesis of preadipocytes through JAK/STAT and AMPK-regulated cPLA2 expression

The proliferation and adipogenesis of preadipocytes played important roles in the development of adipose tissue and contributed much to the processes of obesity. On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a key outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria in the gut microbiota, and has a dominant role in linking inflammation to high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Studies suggested the potential roles of LPS in hepatic steatosis and in obese mice models. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LPS-regulated obesity remained largely unknown. Here we reported that LPS stimulated expression of cyosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), one of inflammation regulators of obesity, in the preadipocytes. Pretreatment the inhibitors of JAK2, STAT3, STAT5 or AMPK significantly reduced LPS-increased mRNA and protein expression of cPLA2 together with phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3, STAT5 and AMPK, separately. Similarly, transfection of siRNA against JAK2 or AMPK abolished expression of cPLA2 and phosphorylation of JAK2 or AMPK together with downregulated expression of JAK2 and AMPK protein. LPS enhanced activation of STAT3 and STAT5 via JAK2-dependent manner in the preadipocytes. Transfection of JAK2 or AMPK siRNA further proofed the independence of JAK2 and AMPK in LPS-treated preadipocytes. In addition, LPS-increased DNA synthesis, cell numbers and cell viability of preadipocytes were attenuated by AACOCF3, AG490, BML-275, cPLA2 siRNA, JAK2 siRNA or AMPK siRNA. Attenuation JAK2/STAT or AMPK-dependent cPLA2 expression reduced LPS-mediated adipogenesis of preadipocytes. Stimulation of arachidonic acid or AMPK activator, A-769662, increased cell numbers and cell viability and promoted differentiation of preadipocytes. Collectively, these results indicated that LPS increased preadipocytes proliferation and adipogenesis via JAK/STAT and AMPK-dependent cPLA2 expression. The mechanisms of LPS-stimulated cPLA2 expression may be a link between bacteria and obesity and provides the molecular basis for preventing metabolic syndrome or hyperplasic obesity.
Needle track seeding in hepatocellular carcinoma after local ablation by high-dose-rate brachytherapy: a retrospective study of 588 catheter placements

Purpose Needle track seeding in the local treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not yet evaluated for catheter-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT), a novel local ablative technique. Material and methods We report a retrospective analysis of 100 patients treated on 233 HCC lesions by HDR-BT (using 588 catheters in total). No needle or catheter track irradiation was used. Minimum required follow-up with imaging was 6 months. In case of suspected needle track seeding (intra- and/or extrahepatic) in follow-up, image fusion of follow-up CT/MRI with 3D irradiation plan was used to verify the location of a new tumor deposit within the path of a brachytherapy catheter at the time of treatment. Results We identified 9 needle track metastases, corresponding to a catheter-based risk of 1.5% for any location of occurrence. A total of 7 metastases were located within the liver (catheter-based risk, 1.2%), and 2 metastases were located extrahepatic (catheter-based risk, 0.3%). Eight out of 9 needle track metastases were successfully treated by further HDR-BT. Conclusions The risk for needle track seeding after interstitial HDR-BT of HCC is comparable to previous reports of percutaneous biopsies and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), especially in case of extrahepatic needle track metastases. To compensate for the risk of seeding, a track irradiation technique similar to track ablation in RFA should be implemented in clinical routine.
Complications of open reduction and internal fixation of distal humerus fractures

Treatment of distal humerus fractures is demanding. Surgery is the optimal treatment and preoperative planning is based on fracture type and degree of comminution. Fixation with two precontoured anatomical locking plates at 90o:90o orthogonal or 180o parallel is the optimal treatment. The main goal of surgical treatment is to obtain stable fixation to allow immediate postoperative elbow mobilization and prevent joint stiffness. Despite evolution of plates and surgical techniques, complications such as mechanical failure, ulnar neuropathy, stiffness, heterotopic ossification, nonunion, malunion, infection, and complications from olecranon osteotomy are quite common. Distal humerus fractures still present a significant technical challenge and need meticulous technique and experience to achieve optimal results. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:558-567. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3. 180009
Desarrollo de cámara multiespectral : captura y análisis de sus imágenes

Para realizar reconocimiento y clasificacion de imagenes tradicionalmente se han usado imagenes en escala de grises o imagenes en color iluminadas con luz dentro del espectro visible, de los 400 nm a los 700 nm, limitando la informacion que puede captar una maquina fuera de este rango de frecuencias. El proposito de este proyecto es estudiar el efecto que provoca las utilizacion de imagenes multiespectarles en la clasificacion de objetos.El primer objetivo del proyecto es acondicionar una camara adaptando una iluminacion multiespectral mas barata que las que se comercializan actualmente. Esta camara se compone de un arduino, una camara en blanco y negro y diversos LED de diversas longitudes de onda. La segunda parte del proyecto consiste en el estudio y comparativa de diversos algoritmos de clasificacion en diversos espacios de color y con distintas caracteristicas, basandose en la salida que nos entrega esta camara multiespectral.
Manejo actual de la acalasia del esófago: revisión crítica y experiencia clínica

The therapeutic options for treatment of Achalasia of the esophagus include medical treatment, endoscopic and surgical procedures. The latter can be either conservative, such as cardiomyotomy or more aggressive, such as cardioplasty or esophageal resection. In this article, we discuss the early and long term results after the different therapeutic options. We also present the results of our recent surgical experience. The definitive results seem to be better after surgical treatment compared to medical management or endoscopic procedures (Rev Med Chile 2002; 130. 1055-66).
Spatial multiuser access OFDM with antenna diversity and power control

The capacity can be dramatically increased by employing multiple antennas. However, in the multiple-user environment, the system performance is limited by cochannel interference. This paper describes a spatial multiuser access scheme using singular value decomposition (MU-SVD), associated with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for an intersymbol interference channel. The proposed method can separate the transmission of interest in the space domain, without loss of antenna diversity, thus successfully isolating each source with a spatially distinct signature waveform. Moreover, power control for sub-channels is adopted to enhance the spectral and power efficiency. Simulations show MU-SVD with power allocation achieves a huge gain.
Selective arterial embolisation for hemangiomas

Poster: "ECR 2015 / B-1266 / Selective arterial embolisation for hemangiomas" by: "G. Facchini, G. Rossi, E. Rimondi, P. Spinnato, G. Filonzi, T. Bartalena, C. Errani, A. Bazzocchi; Bologna/IT"
Ground state of solid hydrogen at high pressures.

Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the properties of bulk hydrogen at zero temperature have been performed. The only approximations involved in these calculations are the restriction to finite systems (64 to 432 atoms), the use of the fixed-node approximation to treat Fermi statistics, and the finite length of the Monte Carlo runs. The Born-Oppenheimer approximation was avoided by solving the quantum many-body problem simultaneously both for the electron and proton degrees of freedom. Using different trial functions and several different crystal structures the transition between the explored molecular and atomic phases was determined to occur at 3.0 +- 0.4 Mbar. The transition to a rotationally ordered molecular phase occurred at about 1.0 Mbar. A lower bound to the static dielectric constant, given in terms of the static structure factor, was found to lie close to experimental values and became large for pressures greater than 500 kbar.
Measurement Coding for Compressive Sensing of Color Images

From the perspective of reducing the sampling cost of color images at high resolution, block-based compressive sensing (CS) has attracted considerable attention as a promising alternative to conventional Nyquist/Shannon sampling. On the other hand, for storing/transmitting applications, CS requires a very efficient way of representing the measurement data in terms of data volume. This paper addresses this problem by developing a measurement-coding method with the proposed customized Huffman coding. In addition, by noting the difference in visual importance between the luma and chroma channels, this paper proposes measurement coding in YCbCr space rather than in conventional RGB color space for better rate allocation. Furthermore, as the proper use of the image property in pursuing smoothness improves the CS recovery, this paper proposes the integration of a low pass filter to the CS recovery of color images, which is the block-based l 20 -norm minimization. The proposed coding scheme shows considerable gain compared to conventional measurement coding.
ScanSAT: unlocking obfuscated scan chains

While financially advantageous, outsourcing key steps such as testing to potentially untrusted Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test (OSAT) companies may pose a risk of compromising on-chip assets. Obfuscation of scan chains is a technique that hides the actual scan data from the untrusted testers; logic inserted between the scan cells, driven by a secret key, hide the transformation functions between the scan-in stimulus (scan-out response) and the delivered scan pattern (captured response). In this paper, we propose ScanSAT: an attack that transforms a scan obfuscated circuit to its logic-locked version and applies a variant of the Boolean satisfiability (SAT) based attack, thereby extracting the secret key. Our empirical results demonstrate that ScanSAT can easily break naive scan obfuscation techniques using only three or fewer attack iterations even for large key sizes and in the presence of scan compression.
A fast machine learning-based mask printability predictor for OPC acceleration

Continuous shrinking of VLSI technology nodes brings us powerful chips with lower power consumption, but it also introduces many issues in manufacturability. Lithography simulation process for new feature size suffers from large computational overhead. As a result, conventional mask optimization process has been drastically resource consuming in terms of both time and cost. In this paper, we propose a high performance machine learning-based mask printability evaluation framework for lithography-related applications, and apply it in a conventional mask optimization tool to verify its effectiveness.
Aging-aware chip health prediction adopting an innovative monitoring strategy

Concerns exist that the reliability of chips is worsening because of downscaling technology. Among various reliability challenges, device aging is a dominant concern because it degrades circuit performance over time. Traditionally, runtime monitoring approaches are proposed to estimate aging effects. However, such techniques tend to predict and monitor delay degradation status for circuit mitigation measures rather than the health condition of the chip. In this paper, we propose an aging-aware chip health prediction methodology that adapts to workload conditions and process, supply voltage, and temperature variations. Our prediction methodology adopts an innovative on-chip delay monitoring strategy by tracing representative aging-aware delay behavior. The delay behavior is then fed into a machine learning engine to predict the age of the tested chips. Experimental results indicate that our strategy can obtain 97.40% accuracy with 4.14% area overhead on average. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first method that accurately predicts current chip age and provides information regarding future chip health.