Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Science Journals — AAAS

Ring attractors are a class of recurrent networks hypothesized to underlie the representation of heading direction. Such network structures, schematized as a ring of neurons whose connectivity depends on their heading preferences, can sustain a bump-like activity pattern whose location can be updated by continuous shifts along either turn direction.We recently reported that a population of fly neurons represents the animal’s heading via bump-like activity dynamics.We combined two-photon calcium imaging in head-fixed flying flies with optogenetics to overwrite the existing population representation with an artificial one,which was then maintained by the circuit with naturalistic dynamics. A network with local excitation and global inhibition enforces this unique and persistent heading representation. Ring attractor networks have long been invoked in theoretical work; our study provides physiological evidence of their existence and functional architecture.
A Note on Social Networks and Network Structure

Copyright © 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, e-mail the Case Writing Office at: cwo@gsb.stanford. edu or write: Case Writing Office, Stanford Graduate School of Business, 518 Memorial Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means  electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise  without the permission of the Stanford Graduate School of Business. A Note on Social Networks and Network Structure
Augmented Reality Tools applied to Alzheimer’s Disease Research

Virtual reality is a technology currently being used in many industry sectors, due to its high number of applications. However, the virtual environment originated from the virtual reality system lacks a proper interaction with the real-world. Since all the environment is created virtually by a developer, there’s no interaction with the user’s real surroundings. As a possible solution for this issue augmented reality has been created to unite the virtual-world with the real-world. Like virtual reality, augmented reality can be used with infinite applications. However, since the tech is relatively new, there are not many applications already implemented and used by the industry. Hence, it is a technology with room to improve, which makes the idea of working and developing it more interesting. Augmented reality is being studied by project NorthStar, which uses the Leap Motion sensor to acquire hand tracking. Since the project is open-sourced, this was the beginning point for the development of the augmented reality system for the dissertation. To increase the immersion of the user into the augmented reality system, the Structure Core sensor was implemented to acquire depth perception. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative impairment which affects the brain cells leading to a decrease of cognitive function. The majority of the studies around this subject are focused on the brain cortical thickness analysis, which can be acquired through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aims the development of augmented reality tools to aid the alzheimer’s disease research by exploring the differences in cortical thickness of distinct cohort subjects (cognitively normal, significant memory concern, mild cognitive impairment, alzheimer’s disease) using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The MRI’s from the database were processed with FreeSurfer, which generated cortical thickness measures for different brain regions. The results were represented in a 3D brain model as a gradient of colors, with the colors being proportional to the loss of cortical thickness registered for each brain region. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the technology, the results were compared to reference studies in alzheimer’s disease research. This demonstrates that the methods used in this dissertation are efficient and represent an alternative perspective for alzheimer’s disease research.
Encoding Deadlock-Free Monitors in the VerCors Veriﬁcation Tool

When developing a concurrent program, a deadlock is never the intended result. However, avoiding them is often attributed to the experience of the developer, as a compiler is generally not able to detect them. Recently, a technique has been proposed to verify deadlock-freeness of a program with monitors. The aim of this research is to investigate how this technique can be encoded in the VerCors veri-ﬁcation tool to verify deadlock-freeness of Java-like programs. This paper speciﬁes the required annotation syntax and describes the implementation of the technique in VerCors.
Arthroscopic surgery plus intra-articular sodium hyaluronate affects meniscus injury

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of arthroscopic surgery combined with intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injection for meniscus injury. Methods: A total of 130 patients with meniscus injury were assigned into two groups. The control group (n=65) underwent arthroscopic surgery, while the observation group (n=65) underwent arthroscopic surgery combined with intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injection. Results: After surgery, the ability of knee function, pain, and quality of life were observed. The Lysholm score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after surgery (all P<0.05). The visual analogue scale score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery (both P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 98.46%, which was significantly higher than 89.23% in the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, the 5 scores in the Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 were all significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group at 6 months after surgery (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Arthroscopic surgery and intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injection for patients with meniscus injury can effectively improve the knee function, relieve pain, elevate the efficacy, and benefit quality of life.
Marital Domestic Violence and Maternal Health in Nigeria: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey

There is increasing evidence that the non-cooperative models describe household structures in developing countries more succinctly compared with the unitary model. Domestic violence against women, which is pervasive in Nigeria even though likely to be under-reported, will need to be understood within the framework of non-cooperative relationship between couples. In this study, we identify factors of domestic violence against women within couples who were currently in marital or cohabiting partnerships. Also, we investigate whether domestic violence influences the decision of women to terminate pregnancies. We use data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to model the predictors of domestic violence, and its influence on the decision to terminate pregnancies among married women. Of the 8,910 married women interviewed for domestic violence, 35.33% had ever experienced a form of domestic violence. We discover that women: with higher education, that is not poor, and resides in urban areas have 44%, 18% and 15% reductions in the odds of experience domestic violence respectively. On the other hand, women who are employed, own land, having husbands/partners that are employed in the agricultural sector, and drink alcohol have 1.16, 1.2, 2.07, and 2.8 times increased odds of experiencing domestic violence accordingly. Also, we uncover that currently married women experiencing domestic violence have 1.25 times increased odds of terminating pregnancies compared with their counterparts that are not experiencing domestic violence. Effectively, poverty, low levels of education, residing in rural areas, drinking habit of husbands/partners, employment, marital capital, and land ownership status of women are risk factors of domestic violence against married women in Nigeria but can be affected by policies and programmes. Importantly, public actions to contain domestic violence in order to improve maternal health should be implemented in the context of the dynamics of a non-cooperative relationship existing between married couples.
Improvement of decision making for trading in wholesale electricity market

It is common practice for risk-averse industrial companies to reduce their exposure to the volatile prices of the spot market by securing a base load supply on the year-ahead electricity market. While many research efforts have been put in designing strategies to interact with several markets and assets, the case of small industrial consumers bound to a block-size constrained click-by-click contract for the year-ahead market is overlooked in literature. This Master thesis seeks to explore this gap and aims at improving the purchase decision making process of such electricity consumers. Multivariate probabilistic forecasting is investigated as a mean to complement the trader’s expertise. Compelling results are that year-ahead electricity prices expose random-like patterns which make future price inference extremely difficult. A comparison study of several time series model suggests that training global deep learning models on related time series noticeably improves the forecast accuracy but that simpler models produce better calibrated prediction intervals.
Propagation of Uncertainties in Pyrolysis Kinetic Parameters Using Polynomial Chaos Methods

This master thesis addresses two challenges for the propagation of uncertainties related to the pyrolysis process in thermal protection materials, which are the high computational cost of numerical simulations and the correlation between input uncertainties. Due to this high computational cost, classical techniques such as Monte Carlo simulations are not applicable. In this respect, we propose exploring the so-called method of polynomial chaos, which consists in using a set of orthogonal polynomials to build a cheaper surrogate model from a limited number of runs of the reference model. First, some theoretical and computational aspects of the polynomial chaos are presented in details, then different test cases are considered in order to assess the relevance of the method in producing a surrogate model for complex pyrolysis and thermal ablation processes. In summary, the goal of this thesis is to successfully demonstrate the possibility of computing a cheap and accurate surrogate model for complex pyrolysis processes in moderately high dimensions when the uncertainties on the input parameters are correlated. List of Abbreviations ancova Analysis of covariance anova Analysis of variance gs Gram-Schmidt lars Least angle regression mc Monte Carlo pca Principal component analysis pce Polynomial chaos expansion sd Standard deviation sre Squared relative error
Physiological Effect of Quercetin as a Natural Flavonoid to be used as Hypoglycemic Agent in Diabetes Mellitus Type II Rats

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), especially type II; represents a major health problem in Saudi Arabia, due to the dramatic changes in the lifestyles of Saudi population. As per the report of World Health Organization (WHO) for the occurrence of diabetes, Saudi Arabia ranked the second in the Middle East and seventh in the world. The increasing trends of diabetes in Saudi Arabia are more worrying in the last few years. Type II DM is generally characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid which belongs to a group of natural substances with variable phenolic structures, found naturally in vegetables, fruits and especially in high amounts in onions, apples, tea and grape juice. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) were prepared following the component ratios. Then, the Quercetin was dissolved and the components were mixed and heated at 37 oC until the drug perfectly has dissolved. The mixture prepared stored at room temperature. The aim of this study was to optimize concentration of Quercetin leading to efficient decrease in blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetes among the treated rats as compared to the reference drug e.g. glibenclamide. The results showed that the blood glucose lowering activity of flavonoid compounds may be due to stimulating β-cells to release more insulin. The comparative analysis of natural flavonoids showed that the Quercetin was more effective anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic compound.
Assessment of Molecular Markers of Anti-malarial Drug Resistance in Pfk13-propeller, Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 Genes in Plasmodium Falciparum Isolated From Patients Returning for Malaria Retreatment in Democratic Republic of Congo 

Doudou Malekita Yobi (  doudou.yobi@unikin.ac.cd ) Université de Kinshasa, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Sciences de Base, Service de Biologie Moléculaire https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-1269 Nadine K. Kayiba School of Public Health, Faculty of Medecine, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; School of Public Health and Research Institute of Health and Society, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium Dieudonné M. Mvumbi University of Kinshasa: Universite de Kinshasa Raphael Boreux Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium Pius Z. Kabututu Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Hippolyte NT. Situakibanza Department of internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Cong Solange E. Umesumbu National Malaria Control Programme, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Patrick De Mol Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium Niko Speybroeck School of Public Health and Research Institute of Health and Society, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium Georges L. Mvumbi Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo Marie-Pierre Hayette Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
A study on epidemiology, etiology, risk factor and treatment management in chronic kidney disease on children, adult and geriatric patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital: A systematic mini-review

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was recognized as universal health problem for population. It can result in a systemic review of epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, and treatment management was reporting the incidence of CKD about children, adult, and geriatric patients byusing the research articles from 1982 to 2020. The object of study to ind out a incidence about epidemiology, etiology, risk factor, and treatment management for all age groups with CKD patients in review articles. The discussion in this study systemic mini-review was about CKD in children, adult, and geriatric patients. In 2012, 2018 and 2019 epidemiology is mostly geriatrics are effected with CKD compared with children and adults but in 2016 children and geriatrics are equally effected with CKD. In 2017 to 2019 etiology is mostly geriatrics are effected with CKD when compared with children and adults. From 2000 to 2010 and 2011 to 2020 risk factors are mostly children’s are effected with CKD having risk factors to compare with adults and geriatrics. The treatment management from 1982 to 2020 themedications are intervented like radioactive iodine, Azathioprine, methotrexate, lisinopril, hemodialysis, methotrexate, and lisinopril for all age groups of CKD patients. The study was concluded that patients with CKD has increased the epidemiology, etiology, risk factor, and treatment management on children, adult, and geriatric patients with CKD. Future research should investigate adequate information about children, adults, and geriatric patients with CKD for better outcomes in further study.
Investigation of aerosol–cloud interactions using a chemical transport model constrained by satellite observations

This study simulates optical depth of marine warm clouds for year 2001 based on interactively predicted aerosols concentrations with a global chemical transport model (CTM) driven by the ERA-40 re-analysis meteorological data. The simulated aerosol and cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) largely reproduce the variations between polluted and pristine marine environment as revealed by surface and aircraft measurements. By constraining cloud liquid water path (CLWP) with satellite microwave measurements, the simulated global and southern hemispheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud optical depth (COD) are well within 10% of the observed values. As a result of larger anthropogenic aerosol loadings over the northern oceans, the simulated CDNC and COD are, respectively, by 51 and 18% higher than those over the southern oceans, while the column-averaged droplet effective radius is 13% smaller. These simulated interhemispheric differences, while qualitatively consistent with satellite observations, are larger than the observations. Inclusion of drizzle effect improved the disparities but not entirely. The constrained CTM generally captures the seasonality in AOD and CLWP observations, and demonstrates that annual cycle of COD is dominated by CLWP. During winter monsoon the simulated and observed COD correlate more strongly with changes in AOD over the N. Indian Ocean.
Проблемы взаимосвязи школьной вовлеченности и академических достижений у современных подростков

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме школьной вовлеченности как предиктора высокой академической успеваемости. На материале зарубежных исследований анализируются факторы, поддерживающие и ослабляющие эту вовлеченность. Особенностью исследования является анализ возрастной специфики вовлеченности, находящейся в стадии становления, и внимание к сложностям подростков Поколения Z, особенно уязвимых в ситуации эпидемии коронавируса из-за высокой личностной тревожности. Рассмотрены два ведущих подхода к школьной вовлеченности: Северо-Американская модель Фредрикc (Fredricks) и др. (2004) и Европейский подход Шауфели (Schaufeli) и др. (2002). Выявлена недостаточная изученность когнитивного аспекта вовлеченности в плане развития осознанной саморегуляции и жизнестойкости, выступающих ресурсами преодоления трудностей в учебе и стресса. Предложена авторская теоретическая модель, взаимосвязи школьной вовлеченности и академической успеваемости с факторами, поддерживающими вовлеченность и мешающими ее проявлению. Модель позволит изучить специфику причинно-следственных связей между исследуемыми конструктами, проанализировать возрастной аспект становления вовлеченности, предложить прогностические модели эффектов школьной вовлеченности в предсказании академических достижений.
Syntheses and properties of polyureas from divalent metal salts of p‐aminobenzoic acid, diamine, and diisocyanate

Metal-containing polyureas having ionic links in the main chain were synthesized by the polyaddition reactions of 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate with mixtures of Mg or Ca salts of p-aminobenzoic acid and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane. The polyureas with low metal content were soluble in DMAc and DMSO. The reduced viscosities of the polyureas in DMAc and DMSO were very low at very low concentration but became higher as the concentration increased. This viscosity increase at high concentrations is attributed to ionic association. The polyureas with low metal contents gave films by solvent-casting although increasing the metal content made the films brittle
Customer experience in the tourism industry: Determinants influencing complaint behaviour

The customer service experience with a specific travel agency is a kind of moment of truth. Customer satisfaction is the outcome they have experienced when service performance met expectations. Contrary to satisfaction, consumers may experience dissatisfaction with the provided service. One of the responses to dissatisfaction is a consumer complaint. Apart from feeling satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the provided service, consumers may also be satisfied or unsatisfied with the complaint process. The aim of this paper is to identify differences in the determinants of complaint behavior (tendency to file a complaint, justice of interaction, perception of fairness, satisfaction with the complaint handling process and loyalty) between female and male respondents. Field research was conducted meaning that the primary data were collected through a survey. The paper presents the respondents’ assessments of the set statements regarding experiences during the complaint process. To meet the research objectives, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied, which is used to examine the differences between the two independent groups as a nonparametric alternative to the t-test of independent samples.
ORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS IN GRASSLAND SOILS. 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SIMULATION

The decomposition rates of 14C-labelled plant residues in different parts of the world were characterized and mathematically simulated. The easily decomposable materials, cellulose and hemicellulose, were described as being decomposed directly by the soil biomass; the lignin fraction of aboveground residues and the resistant portion of the roots entered a decomposable native soil organic matter. Here it could be decomposed by the soil biomass or react with other soil constituents in the formation of more recalcitrant soil organic matter. The transformation rates were considered to be independent of biomass size (first–order). Data from 14C plant residue incorporation studies which yielded net decomposition rates of added materials and from carbon dating of the recalcitrant soil organic matter were transformed to gross decomposition rate constants for three soil depths. The model adequately described soil organic matter transformations under native grassland and the effect of cultivation on organic matter .
Valorization of territorial capital in function of rural tourism development: A case study of Kneževo municipality

The main goal of the research presented in the paper is to analyse the current state and level of development of rural area, in Kneževo municipality, as well as to define the possibilities of development of certain forms of rural tourism based on the territorial capital. In other words, the capital of space consists of natural and created capital. For the purposes of the valorisation of tourist potentials, the qualitative-quantitative methodology of the World Tourism Organization was used, which includes conducting a survey using standard forms of a questionnaire. Based on this survey, resource scoring was performed according to all external and internal factors, i.e. criteria. According to the results of the research, the indicator of tourist value for Kneževo municipality is estimated with 98.74 points out of a possible 400 points, оr 25% of its potential tourist value.