Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clara cell protein CC16. A new lung epithelial biomarker for acute lung injury.

carry out these assessments and to repeat them as clinically indicated. Thus, intensivists now have the equipment to perform a broad range of ultrasound examinations and, motivated by the desire to help their patients, are beginning to do just that. Indeed, lately there has been an explosion of interest in ultrasound courses, lectures, texts, and other means of acquiring the necessary expertise. But, will this really prove beneficial? Or will well-meaning but inexperienced intensivists misinterpret, misdiagnose, and mistreat their fragile patients? For many reasons, it is essential that intensivists gain and nurture broad competence in ultrasound. First, they can provide more timely service than is practical from imaging consultants and do so without the need for transporting the unstable patient. Second, direct knowledge of the patient and the clinically relevant question should produce a more finely honed result. These advantages, however, rest on the assumption that intensivists can interpret sonographic images with sufficient expertise. Studies such as that of Melamed et al' show that modest training can be effective. Outside of clinical studies, such expertise will not develop without leadership, organization, and champions. Training programs must incorporate a formal ultrasound curriculum for their fellows, including supervised, hands-on guidance. In parallel, academic faculty must remediate their own discomfort in using, teaching, and supervising the use of a technique they did not grow up with. Challenges are no less outside of academic centers where practitioners often operate without the educational structures and critical mass typical of academic departments. Competencies must be defined, and ways to effectively assess whether trainees and practicing intensivists are qualified to perform ultrasonography should be studied and implemented. Fortunately, some of the professional societies have begun to organize in this regard. The Critical Care NetWork of the American College of Chest Physicians, working with the Societe de Reanimation de Langue Francaise, has just published a list of competencies in ICU ultrasound. " This is a good start but, as we anticipate the coming boom in ICU ultrasound, it is essential to assure that skills spread as fast as the machines. Gregory A. Schmidt, MD, FCCP Iowa City, IA
A digital calibration technique for folding-integration/cyclic cascaded ADCs

A digital calibration technique for folding-integration/cyclic cascaded (FICC) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is proposed in this paper. The calibration is done by compensating non-ideal errors in digital domain. The errors generated during each converting cycle and the final effects of them are calculated with properly established model in charge domain according to the behaviors of the FICC ADC. The simulation results show that the maximum integral nonlinearity (INL) is improved from +60.9/-36.8 LSB to +0.89/-0.95 LSB, and the differential nonlinearity (DNL) is improved from +71.5/-2.0 LSB to +0.64/-0.62 LSB for 18-bit resolution. Both high-resolution and high-linearity are simultaneously achieved in the FICC ADC by employing the proposed digital calibration technique.
Modelling of Auger-induced DNA damage by incorporated 125I.

We have analyzed a newly available high resolution and precision repeat of the original Martin and Haseltine experiment which includes the influence of DMSO on the results. The new model includes the production and diffusion of radical species and . OH radical attack on DNA as well as the direct hits. Calculations of single-strand breaks use individual Auger electron along with the tracks of electrons and radical species superimposed on an atomistic model of B-DNA. Comparison of the preliminary calculations with the experiment supports the earlier choice of data for the amount of energy required to produce a single-strand break, i.e. 17.5 eV. In a separate simulation we found that an average of less than two ionizations inducing a single-strand break gave the best fit to experimental data. Direct hits were found to be predominantly occurring at short range while the damage by . OH radicals was mainly of the long-range type.
Integrative Action of Receptor Mosaics: Relevance of Receptor Topology and Allosteric Modulators

After a definition of the receptor mosaic (RM, high order heteromer or homomer) concept, this study analyzes some relevant theoretical aspects related to receptor-receptor interactions (RRIs). In particular, the possible influence of the plasma membrane microdomain on RM integrative functions are discussed. Furthermore, a possible mathematical approach may identify the RM topologies [i.e., the spatial arrangements the receptors (tesserae of the mosaic) can assume within the RM assembly]. Finally, data are presented on homocysteine possible biasing action on the well-characterized heterodimer/receptor mosaic formed by adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors. We discuss how these findings can lead to a new possible approach for developing drugs for the treatment of certain neuropsychiatric disorders.
The Distributional Impacts of Minimum Wage Increases When Both Labor Supply and Labor Demand Are Endogenous

We develop and estimate a one-shot search model with endogenous firm entry, and therefore zero expected profits, and endogenous labor supply. Positive employment effects from a minimum wage increase can result as the employment level depends upon both the numbers of searching firms and workers. Welfare implications are similar to the classical analysis: workers who most want the minimum wage jobs are hurt by the minimum wage hike with workers marginally interested in minimum wage jobs benefiting. We estimate the model using CPS data on teenagers and show that small changes in the employment level are masking large changes in labor supply and demand. Teenagers from well-educated families see increases in their employment probabilities and push out their less-privileged counterparts from the labor market. This article has supplementary material online.
Risk and information evaluation of prioritized genes for complex traits: Application to bipolar disorder

Many susceptibility genes for complex traits were identified without conclusive findings. There is a strong need to integrate rapidly accumulated genomic data from multi‐dimensional platforms, and to conduct risk evaluation for potential therapeutic and diagnostic usages. We set up an algorithm to computationally search for optimal weight‐vector for various data sources, while minimized potential noises. Through gene‐prioritization framework, combined scores for the resulting prioritized gene‐set were calculated using a genome‐wide association (GWA) dataset, following with evaluation using weighted genetic risk score and risk‐attributed information using an independent GWA dataset. The significance of association of GWA data was corrected for gene length. Enriched functional pathways were identified for the prioritized gene‐set using the Gene Ontology analysis. We illustrated our framework with bipolar disorder. 233 prioritized genes were identified from 10,830 candidates that curated from six platforms. The prioritized genes were significantly enriched (Padjusted < 1 × 10−5) in 18 biological functions and molecular mechanisms including membrane, synaptic transmission, transmission of nerve impulse, integral to membrane, and plasma membrane. Our risk evaluation demonstrated higher weighted genetic risk score in bipolar patients than controls (P‐values ranged from 0.002 to 3.8 × 10−6). Substantial risk‐information (71%) was extracted from prioritized genes for bipolar illness than other candidate‐gene sets. Our evidence‐based prioritized gene‐set provides opportunity to explore the complex network and to conduct follow‐up basic and clinical studies for complex traits. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fifty Years of Attachment Theory: Recollections of Donald Winnicott and John Bowlby

This is the second volume in the series based on the annual Donald Winnicott Memorial Lecture. Sir Richard Bowlby looks at the personal and professional lives of Donald Winnicott and Dr John Bowlby, to give a fascinating insight into the worlds of these influential analysts. Also includes Recollections of Donald Winnicott and John Bowlby by Pearl King.
PRESERVATION OF ISCHEMICALLY INJURED CANINE KIDNEYS BY RETROGRADE OXYGEN PERSUFFLATION

Canine kidneys were briefly perfused with Ross and Marshall's hypertonic citrate solution and stored at 0 C. This study concerns the effect, during such storage, of insufflating various gases via the renal vein and allowing the gas to escape through needle perforations of the renal surface. We were able to confirm the finding of Ross and Escott that kidneys that have suffered 30 min of warm ischemia prior to preservation, will, if oxygen is so “persufflated” during 24 hr storage, provide life-supporting function when subsequently autografted. Moreover, we were able to extend the preservation period to 48 hr after 30 min warm ischemia, and to achieve 24-hr preservation after 60 min of warm ischemia. Oxygen was essential: our results suggest that air is less effective than pure oxygen, and we found inert gases to be completely ineffective. Uniformly high oxygen tensions were measured throughout the kidneys during storage, but we were unable to demonstrate any resynthesis of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate. The mechanism responsible for the effectiveness of retrograde oxygen persufflation remains obscure.
Creational Design Patterns Used in Data Structures Implementation

Design patterns may introduce a new perspective on the traditional subject of data structures. They introduce more ﬂexibility and reusability in data structures implementation and use. This analysis shows that design patterns could bring important advantages in basic ﬁelds of Computer Science, too. Beside the advantages brought for data structures, presenting them in this perspective represents also a simple and eﬃcient modality to introduce design patterns in early courses of computer science. We analyze in this paper creational design patterns that can be used for data structures implementation, and their advantages. Examples that illustrate the impact of the design patterns in this context are presented
Enzymatic Studies of Pure Cultures of Rumen Microorganisms

Joyner, A. E. , Jr. (University of California, Davis), and R. L. Baldwin. Enzymatic studies of pure cultures of rumen microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 92:1321–1330. 1966. —The activities of enzymes representing the major pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and anaerobic electron transport in cell-free extracts of whole rumen contents have been reported. The effects of diet upon the activities of several enzymes suggested that enzymatic measurements might prove useful for the study of rumen metabolism. In the present study, the distribution and characteristics of aldolase, succinate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactyl-coenzyme A dehydrase, lactate dehydrogenase, and other enzymes were measured in cell-free extracts of pure cultures of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, R. albus, Bacteroides succinogenes, B. ruminicola, B. amylophilus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Peptostreptococcus elsdenii, Streptococcus bovis, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Some enzymes were widely distributed (aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase), whereas others were observed in one or two species (lactyl-coenzyme A dehydrase). The cofactor requirements and kinetic characteristics of enzymes varied considerably with species. Enzymes that vary with species might be employed as indices for estimating the activities of various groups of microorganisms in whole rumen contents.
The early response gene NGFI-C encodes a zinc finger transcriptional activator and is a member of the GCGGGGGCG (GSG) element-binding protein family

We have cloned NGFI-C, a nerve growth factor-induced early-response gene which encodes a Cys2/His2 zinc finger protein. RNA blot analysis demonstrates that NGFI-C mRNA is induced within minutes of stimulation of PC12 cells by nerve growth factor and is similarly activated in brain after a Metrazol-induced seizure. The cDNA sequence predicts a protein that contains three zinc fingers which show striking homology to the DNA-binding regions of three previously reported zinc finger proteins, NGFI-A, Krox-20, and the Wilms' tumor gene product. NGFI-C binds to the previously described DNA-binding site of these three proteins, which is GCGGGGGCG. Cotransfection experiments revealed that NGFI-C strongly activates transcription from this site in mammalian cells. The isolation of another early-response gene that encodes a member of the G(C/G)G or GSG element-binding family should provide an opportunity to investigate the relative contributions of a family of transcription factors to the cell's response to changes in its environment.
Indirect determination of aflatoxin B1 in beer via a multi-commuted optical sensor

This paper reports the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most carcinogenic substances known. A multi-commuted flow injection–solid phase spectroscopy (FI–SPS) system combined with photochemically induced fluorescence (PIF) was developed, for the first time, for its quantitative determination. A strongly fluorescent degradation product was obtained on-line by irradiation with ultraviolet light. The determination was carried out by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the photo-product at 353/424 (λ ex/λ em), once retained on C18 silica-gel filling the flow-cell. A linear dynamic range of 0.09–12 µg l−1, detection limit as sensitive as 29 ng l−1 and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.4% were obtained. The method proposed was satisfactorily applied to the determination of AFB1 in different types of beer (normal and non-alcoholic). Hydrophobic compounds were eliminated from beer samples and AFB1 was extracted with acetonitrile by solid-phase extraction on C18 sorbent. Recoveries of the target compound from spiked beers were between 94 and 106%. The results obtained in the analysis of real samples are in good agreement with those provided by a reference chromatographic method.
Factors Affecting the Differential Capture of Male and Female Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Traps Baited with Ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-Decadienoate

Abstract Studies were conducted in apple to evaluate factors that differentially affect the catch of male and female codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. , in traps baited with ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester). We examined the time of moth capture in the diel cycle and the recapture rates of marked moths in sex pheromone mating disruption (MD) and untreated orchards. The attractiveness of pear ester–baited traps was compared among five apple cultivars. Experiments also assessed the influence of trap height, the distance of the trap from sex pheromone dispensers, proximity of foliage surrounding the trap, trap size, and proximity of adjacent clean and codling moth–injured fruit on moth captures. The responses of male and female moths significantly differed in response to many of these factors. For example, the time of peak female capture occurred earlier than for males. A higher proportion of recaptured, marked moths were females in MD versus untreated orchard plots. Significantly more male but not female moths were caught in traps placed high versus low in the tree canopy. Traps placed on the perimeter of the canopy caught significantly more female moths than traps placed within the canopy and surrounded by foliage. Smaller trap surfaces caught significantly more males than females. Traps placed adjacent to uninjured fruit caught significantly more females than traps placed away from fruit. No differences occurred between sexes in response to other factors: significantly higher counts of both sexes occurred in blocks of ‘Granny Smith’ versus four other apple cultivars; recapture rates of marked moths were not different at release points ranging from 10 to 50 m for either sex; and trap placement relative to MD dispensers or injured versus uninjured fruits was not a significant factor affecting moth catches or their sex ratio. Effective monitoring for either or both sexes of codling moth should consider standardizing these factors. Lure and kill strategies should include factors that optimize the captures of female moths.
A 6-Bit 2-GS/s Flash Aanlog-to-Digital Converter in 0.18-μm CMOS Process

A 6-bit flash ADC is fabricated in TSMC CMOS 0.18-μm 1P6M process and supports a sampling rate up to 2 GS/s. The proposed ADC consists of a track-and-hold amplifier, a comparator array, a four-channel ROM-based 64-to-6 encoder, a multiplexer, and a clock generation and distribution system. Instead of traditional latch-based comparators used in high-speed ADCs, continuous-time comparators are employed to minimize kick-back noises and offsets. When the sampling frequency is 2 GHz, the measured SNDR is 30.01 dB at input frequency around 200 MHz. The ADC consumes 255 mW from a 1.8-V supply and occupies 1.88 x 1.92 mm2 of die area. In addition to chip implementation, an analysis on resistive averaging network in frequency domain is presented. Characteristics of averaged differential pairs related to input frequency are revealed.
The influence of phonetic dimensions on aphasic speech perception

Individuals with aphasia have more problems detecting small differences between speech sounds than larger ones. This paper reports how phonemic processing is impaired and how this is influenced by speechreading. A non-word discrimination task was carried out with ‘audiovisual’, ‘auditory only’ and ‘visual only’ stimulus display. Subjects had to decide whether two presented stimuli were the same. Six aphasic subjects with speech sound processing difficulties and 14 non-brain-damaged control subjects participated in this study. It was found that the aphasic subjects have difficulties in discriminating pairs of non-words, which are more profound for small differences. Differences in ‘voicing’ were least often detected and therefore seem most difficult to perceive. This implies different processing of the phonetic dimensions in speech sound perception. Performance improved when speechreading was possible. As this improvement is not based on differences in place of articulation only, theories of audiovisual processing need to be revised.
Mechanical Properties of Bird Feathers - Influence of UV-Radiation and Mechanical Fatigue

When birds move around in their natural environment the feathers on the wings are exposed to various factors that reduce their performance, such as UV-radiation, mechanical wearing and bacteria. In time the feathers get worn out and are replaced. This usually happens once a year by a process called moult. Some bird species diﬀers from this pattern and moult twice a year. This behavior may have inﬂuence on the mechanical properties of the feathers, and the feathers may respond diﬀerently to diﬀerent kinds of exposure such as UV-radiation and mechanical wearing. Three experiments were performed on feathers from two diﬀerent moulting bird species. A UV-radiation-, mechanical wear- and a combination of the two on the Chiﬀchaﬀ Phylloscopus collybita, which moult once a year, and the Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, which moult twice a year. To investigate the inﬂuence of these experiments on the mechanical properties of feathers a bending stiﬀness test was performed after each exposure. A ﬁnite element study was made to investigate the basic mechanical behavior of the feather shaft. A comparison between the FE-simulation and the experiment showed a good agreement. The results from the experiments showed that for shorter exposure times of UV-radiation the bending stiﬀness increases then to decrease below the original stiﬀness value for longer UV-exposures. The mechanical wearing was found to constantly decrease the bending stiﬀness. The conclusions from the experiments are that diﬀerences between the two bird species exist. From the UV-experiment very small diﬀerences in bending stiﬀness were found. From the mechanical wear-experiment and the mechanical wear part from the combined experiment, larger diﬀerences were found, in which the bending stiﬀness decreases more rapidly for the Willow Warbler than for the Chiﬀchaﬀ. In the combined experiment the UV-radiation did not increase the bending stiﬀness as was observed in the single UV-experiment. The combined experiment also made the bending stiﬀness to decrease more rapidly for the mechanical wearing than was observed in the single mechanical wear-experiment.
Beyond bedlam : poems written out of mental distress

A recent study shows that poets are thirty times more likely to suffer from depressive illness than the rest of the population. Editors Smith and Sweeney state in their Introduction that: "It is the unconscious that drives poetry, the jumps and sudden lurches that forge new connections with things not connected before, new ways of seeing. And it is also the unconscious where the voices of the irrational lurk". Witty, brittle, serene, remote, here is poetry that is testament to the transforming power of the imagination, poetry that catches the reader in the full glare of its light, challenging the isolation, stigma, and myths of mental illness. Beyond Bedlam features 140 poems by over fifty poets, including John Bunyan, Christopher Smart, John Clare, T. S. Eliot, Arthur Rimbaud, Sylvia Plath, Allen Ginsberg, Emily Dickinson, Anne Sexton, Ezra Pound, C. K. Williams, Theodore Roethke, Paul Durcan, Ian Duhig, and John Berryman. Editor Ken Smith won the 1997 Lannan Literary Award for poetry. Produced in association with the Bethlem & Maudsley National Benefit Poetry Project to mark the 750th anniversary of the founding of the original "Bedlam" Hospital.
Novel Genetic Environment of the Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamase KPC-2 among Enterobacteriaceae in China

ABSTRACT Thirty-nine blaKPC-producing isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae with carbapenem resistance or reduced carbapenem susceptibility were obtained from inpatients from eight hospitals in six cities of three provinces in eastern China. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of all 36 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates revealed six major patterns. The resistant plasmids of most isolates were successfully transferred by conjugation and evaluated experimentally to be 40 to 180 kb in size. A 20.2-kb blaKPC-surrounding nucleotide sequence from plasmid pKP048 has been obtained and contains an integration structure of a Tn3-based transposon and partial Tn4401 segment, with the gene order Tn3-transposase, Tn3-resolvase, ISKpn8, the blaKPC-2 gene, and the ISKpn6-like element. The chimera of several transposon-associated elements indicated a novel genetic environment of the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase β-lactamase gene in isolates from China.
Continuous monitoring of lower thoracic epidural pressure.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine whether the epidural pressure (EPIP) can be monitored for a long period of time using the continuous epidural infusion via the lower thorax. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery had an epidural catheter inserted via the lower thoracic interspace. After induction of general anesthesia, continuous infusion of local anesthetic at a rate of 4 to 5 mL/h was applied epidurally. A pressure transducer was connected to the epidural catheter and the EPIP was monitored. During surgery, changes in the EPIP were monitored at 0, 5, and 10 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). On postoperative day 1, 2, and 3, the EPIP was measured in the supine position, the Queckenstedt test, and the 30 degrees head-up position. RESULTS The EPIP was monitored continuously and stably during surgery and until postoperative day 3, it increased significantly at 5 and 10 cm H2O PEEP, and increased and decreased significantly in the Queckenstedt test and the head-up position, respectively. CONCLUSION Continuous epidural infusion at a rate of 4 to 5 mL/h via the lower thorax allows stable monitoring of the EPIP over a long period of time.