Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical chemistry and industrial application of gellan gum

19 papers on the molecular conformation, gel-sol transition, interaction of gellan and water, cations and sugar, based on rheology, NMR, ESR, DSC, light scattering, osmotic pressure, small angle x-Ray scattering, dielectric measurement, atomic force microscopy and the industrial application of gellan gum.
Multi-Leader Multi-Follower Stackelberg Game in Mobile Blockchain Mining

The development of Blockchain-based mobile applications are impeded due to the resource limitations of mobile devices. Computation offloading can be a viable solution. In this paper, we consider a two-layer computation offloading paradigm including an edge computing service provider (ESP) and a cloud computing service provider (CSP). We formulate a multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game to address the computing resource management problem in such a network, by jointly maximizing the profits of each service provider (SP) and the payoffs of individual miners. We study two practical scenarios: a fixed-miner-number scenario for permissioned blockchains and a dynamic-miner-number scenario for permissionless blockchains. For the fixed-miner-number scenario, we discuss two different edge operation modes, i.e., the ESP is connected (to the CSP) or standalone, which form different miner subgames based on whether each miner's strategy set is mutually dependent. The existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) in both modes are analyzed, according to which algorithms are proposed to achieve the corresponding SE(s). For the dynamic-miner-number scenario, we focus on the impact of population uncertainty and find that the uncertainty inflates the aggressiveness in the ESP resource purchasing. Numerical evaluations are presented to verify the proposed models.
Summary on Adverse Effects of Excess Iron

India has made rapid economic progress, however most of this growth has been an inequitable progress leading to less than appreciable to minuscule changes on several health and nutritional status indicators, particularly anemia. prevalence of anemia among young women, pregnant women and children has seen little improvement in the last decade, with a rather small decline between 2005-06 to 2015-16(nfhs-3, nfhs-4). The etiology of anemia is multifactorial and often when high prevalence of anemia is seen, the most likely causal factor is nutritional deficiency of iron. Iron-deficiency anemia is a serious public-health concern not only in India but across most developing countries. It results in increased maternal mortality, morbidity and decreased child survival and is estimated to cause 591,000 perinatal deaths and 115,000 maternal deaths globally (1).
Atomistic simulation of polyanion cathode materials for lithium batteries

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are attractive candidates for implementation into new large-scale energy storage applications, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, due to their high energy density. Modern atomistic modelling techniques can provide valuable insights into the fundamental defect and ion transport properties of electrode materials at the atomic scale, which are essential for a full understanding of lithium battery function. In this thesis, three types of polyanion materials, for use as alternative cathodes in lithium batteries, are examined using such computational techniques. Firstly, the mixed-metal phosphate material LiFe0:5Mn0:5PO4 is investigated. The intrinsic defect type in this olivine-structured material with the lowest energy is the cation antisite defect, in which Li+ and Fe2+/Mn2+ ions exchange positions. Lithium ion diusion occurs down one-dimensional b-axis channels following a curved path in accord with experiment. Migration energies for Fe2+ and Mn2+ antisite cations on Li+ sites suggest that such defects will impede bulk Li+ mobility in LiFe0:5Mn0:5PO4. Secondly, ion conduction paths through the tavorite structures of recently discovered LiFeSO4F and NaFeSO4F are investigated by a combination of static lattice and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The results indicate that LiFeSO4F is eectively a three-dimensional (3D) lithium-ion conductor with an activation energy of 0:4 eV for long-range diusion, which involves a combination of zigzag paths through [100], [010], and [111] tunnels in the open tavorite lattice. In contrast, for Na+ migration in NaFeSO4F, only one direction ([101]) is found to have a relatively low activation energy (0.6 eV). This leads to a diffiusion coecient that is more than six orders of magnitude lower than in any other direction, suggesting that NaFeSO4F is a one-dimensional (1D) Na-ion conductor. Finally, the defect and diffiusion properties of LiFe0:5Mn0:5SO4F, which exhibits a complex triplite structure in which the cation (M) sites are shared by Li+, Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions, are examined. Low activation energies (6 0:45 eV) are found for several nearest-neighbour jumps between lithium sites which make up a 3D network of long-range migration pathways. However, due to cation site sharing, coherent long-range diusion may be blocked by Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions which would aect the rate capability of this material.
Reactivation and lytic replication of EBV

Viral pathogenesis The lytic form of EBV infection is required for the production of progeny virus, and is thus essential for cell-to-cell spread of the virus, as well as transmission from host to host. Unfortunately, there is currently no cell culture system in vitro that is permissive for efficient primary lytic EBV infection. Although a recent report suggests that allowing the virus to first attach to the surface of primary B cells greatly facilitates EBV infection of epithelial cells in vitro (Shannon-Lowe et al ., 2006), even this system of infection still does not result in efficient horizontal spread of virus from cell to cell. Thus, lytic EBV infection in vitro has been studied by reactivating the lytic form of infection from latently infected cell lines using a variety of inducing agents, including phorbol esters, butyrate, calcium ionophores, and B-cell receptor stimulation. During primary infection, EBV probably initially infects oral epithelial cells in a lytic form, and then subsequently infects B-cells, where the virus usually assumes one of the latent forms of infection. In contrast to alpha and beta herpesviruses, which cause human diseases during the lytic form of viral infection but are essentially innocuous while in the latent form of infection, most illnesses attributable to EBV infection are associated with the latent forms of infection. During primary EBV infection, some individuals, particularly adolescents, develop the syndrome infectious mononucleosis (IM) approximately 1 month after being infected (Cohen, 2000; Jenson, 2000).
Powder diffraction studies on proteins: An overview of data collection approaches

Abstract. Following the seminal work of Von Dreele, high quality powder X-ray diffraction studies on proteins are being established as a valuable complementary technique to single-crystal measurements. Several studies using a variety of experiments approaches have been reported in the literature, including high-resolution studies employing parallel beam geome-try and high intensity measurements using position sensitive detectors. The choice of the optimum instrumental configuration depends on a number of competing factors such as the amount of sample available, its radiation sensitivity, and the quality of the data required for data analysis, e.g. angular resolution, the extent of the data in d-spacing, or the number of patterns required to explore the protein’s behaviour at different temperatures, or under differ-ent crystallisation conditions, etc. Here we discuss several advantages and disadvantages of different data collection methods followed for selected examples of small proteins.
Evolution des mécanismes d'accumulation et de transport de l'iode dans les organismes marins : étude de la structure/fonction des protéines du métabolisme iodé chez la bactérie zobellia galactanivorans

Dans le milieu marin, les emissions biogeniques de composes iodees jouent un role essentiel dans le cycle biogeochimique de l’iode. Cependant les processus enzymatiques responsables de l'absorption, du stockage ou de la synthese de metabolites iodes restent mal connus chez les chez les organismes marins, et plus encore chez les bacteries. Plusieurs genes, potentiellement impliques dans le metabolisme de l’iode, ont ete identifies dans le genome de la bacterie marine, Zobellia galactanivorans, dont celui codant une iodoperoxydase a vanadium (VIPO), enzyme specifique de l'oxydation des iodures. La partie principale du projet de these a consiste a comprendre les mecanismes moleculaires controlant la specificite pour certains halogenures des haloperoxydases a vanadium, en etudiant la VIPO de Z. galactanivorans par des approches de mutagenese dirigee et de biologie structurale. Les douze enzymes mutantes produites et caracterisees au niveau biochimique montrent soit une perte d’activite, soit des modifications de leurs proprietes catalytiques, soit encore une faible activite bromoperoxydase. Les enzymes sauvage et mutantes ont egalement ete etudiees par diffraction et absorption des rayons X, afin de relier les modifications structurales a leurs proprietes catalytiques. Les resultats suggerent que le principal facteur modulant la specificite chez ces enzymes est le potentiel d’oxydoreduction de l’intermediaire reactionnel, le peroxovanadate. Des analyses biochimiques ont aussi ete entreprises pour deux autres proteines identifiees sur le genome de Z. galactanivorans. La premiere proteine s’est revelee etre une seconde VIPO. Pour la deuxieme proteine, similaire a une iodotyrosine deiodinase, l’activite biochimique reste encore a etre caracterisee. Z. galactanivorans possederait plusieurs enzymes pouvant oxyder l’iodure, ainsi qu’une permettant de cliver les liaisons C-I. En parallele a ce travail, la localisation et la speciation de l’iode ont ete etudiees par imagerie chimique chez Z. galactanivorans et chez l’algue brune, Laminaria digitata, connue pour ses fortes teneurs en iode. Les resultats de ce travail apportent un nouvel eclairage sur les mecanismes controlant la specificite des haloperoxydases a vanadium envers les halogenures, et egalement sur l’origine bacterienne de cette famille d’enzymes. Plus globalement, ces etudes permettent de mieux apprehender le role du metabolisme de l’iode chez certaines bacteries marines et leurs importances dans le cycle biogeochimique de l’iode.
D EEP R EINFORCEMENT L EARNING W ITH A DAPTIVE C OMBINED C RITICS

The overestimation problem has long been popular in deep value learning, because function approximation errors may lead to amplified value estimates and suboptimal policies. There have been several methods to deal with the overestimation problem, however, further problems may be induced, for example, the underestimation bias and instability. In this paper, we focus on the overestimation issues on continuous control through deep reinforcement learning, and propose a novel algorithm that can minimize the overestimation, avoid the underestimation bias and retain the policy improvement during the whole training process. Specifically, we add a weight factor to adjust the influence of two independent critics, and use the combined value of weighted critics to update the policy. Then the updated policy is involved in the update of the weight factor, in which we propose a novel method to provide theoretical and experimental guarantee for future policy improvement. We evaluate our method on a set of classical control tasks, and the results show that the proposed algorithms are more computationally efficient and stable than several existing algorithms for continuous control.
Étude de composites conducteurs et semi-conducteurs : transducteurs électrochimiques pour biocapteurs

Ce travail a permis dans un premier temps, l’elaboration de composites semi-conducteurs a base de nanoobjetspossedant des caracteristiques electrochimiques specifiques en fonction du type d’inclusion (siliciumdope N ou dope P et oxydes metalliques, ZnO, SnO2, NiO). Ces composites ont permis d’obtenir avec succesdes encres de serigraphie presentant un comportement electrique semi-conducteur qui ont servi a larealisation d’electrodes par depot sur divers supports et notamment des films plastiques souples. Lamodification chimique des supports realises a ete etudiee en vue de pouvoir utiliser ce type de materiaucomme transducteurs electrochimiques en les integrant dans des dispositifs de types capteurs et biocapteurs.Dans un second temps, un composite photostructurable conducteur a egalement ete developpe en se basantsur la technologie SU-8, et en y incluant des particules de graphite ou des nanoparticules de carbone noir.Ce photocomposite a ete par la suite fonctionnalise avec succes par des derives diazonium, tel que lebromobenzene diazonium ou le nitrobenzene diazonium dont les greffages ont ete suivis par spectroscopied’impedance. Enfin, le greffage d’oligonucleotides via la chimie des sels d’aryldiazonium a egalement eteeffectue avec succes et utilise pour la detection de sequences cibles a des concentrations de 100 pM a 200nM.
Comparison between KDD Cup 1999 Data and Kyoto2016 Using Network-based Intrusion Detection System

: Today, on the Internet, new cyber-attack is made. So, it is very important that PC is protected from unknown attack. There is Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as method to protect from cyber-attack. IDS have two systems. Those are Network-based Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) and Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS). NIDS detects attack using traffic data and HIDS detects attack using system log data of host PC. As method to evaluate IDS, method with dataset is well-known. In this paper, focused on NIDS, those datasets is explained and evaluated with well-known methods for NIDS. Finally, the results are compared. Therefore, character of each datasets is made clear and then it is expected that this paper is referred for readers to select datasets.
Influence of Spacing and Planting System on Light Interception, Physiological Parameters, Yield and Quality of Litchi cv. Shahi

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) an important fruit crop, belongs to family Sapindaceae. This family has about 150 genera and more than 2500 species which are widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Litchi is considered as the “queen of the fruits” due to its attractive color, excellent quality, juicy fruit with excellent sugar and acid blend. It is good source of vitamin-C (Lal et al., 2018a) and phenolics (Lal et al., 2018b). Characteristic pleasant rosy flavor and nutritional value makes litchi fruit exclusively appealing to the consumers. Litchi originated in South China and South Eastern Asia. India is the second largest producer of litchi in the world after China with an area and production of 1,00,000 ha and 700000 tonnes, respectively (Anonymous, 2019). In India, Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Assam accounts for 64.2% of the total litchi production in the country, (Anonymous, 2015). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
A Backward Stable Algorithm for Computing the CS Decomposition via the Polar Decomposition

We introduce a backward stable algorithm for computing the CS decomposition of a partitioned $2n \times n$ matrix with orthonormal columns, or a rank-deficient partial isometry. The algorithm computes two $n \times n$ polar decompositions (which can be carried out in parallel) followed by an eigendecomposition of a judiciously crafted $n \times n$ Hermitian matrix. We prove that the algorithm is backward stable whenever the aforementioned decompositions are computed in a backward stable way. Since the polar decomposition and the symmetric eigendecomposition are highly amenable to parallelization, the algorithm inherits this feature. We illustrate this fact by invoking recently developed algorithms for the polar decomposition and symmetric eigendecomposition that leverage Zolotarev's best rational approximations of the sign function. Numerical examples demonstrate that the resulting algorithm for computing the CS decomposition enjoys excellent numerical stability.
Persistent Protests

A continuum of citizens with heterogeneous opportunity costs participate in a public protest, with well-defined demands. The government can concede at any time. As long as it does not, it shoulders a cost that is increasing in time and in participation rates. Apart from their collective demands, citizens enjoy a “merit reward" if the government concedes while they are actively participating. A protest equilibrium of the ensuing dynamic game must display: (a) a build-up stage during which citizens continuously join the protest, but the government ignores them, followed by (b) a peak at which the government concedes with some positive probability, failing which there is (c) a protracted decay stage, in which the government concedes with some density, and citizens continuously drop out. Citizens with higher opportunity costs enter later and exit earlier. While there are multiple equilibria, every equilibrium with protest has the above properties, and the set of all equilibria is fully described by a single pseudo-parameter, the protest peak time, which can vary within bounds that I characterize. Preliminary evidence from the Black Lives Matter movement support the features that I extract from this model.
Strengthening and Streamlining Bank Capital Regulation

ABSTRACT:We propose three core principles that should inform the design of bank capital regulation. First, whenever possible, multiple constraints on the minimum level of equity capital should be consolidated into a single constraint. This helps to avoid a distortionary situation where different constraints bind for different banks performing the same activity. Second, the best way to deal with the inevitable gaming of any set of ex ante capital rules is not to propose further rules, but rather to allow the regulator sufficient flexibility to address unforeseen contingencies ex post. Third, though a regulatory framework that relies primarily on minimum capital ratios is appropriate for normal times, such a framework is inadequate in the wake of a large negative shock to the system. Following an adverse shock, it becomes critical to emphasize dynamic resilience, which involves forcing banks to actively recapitalize—that is, regulation needs to focus on getting banks to raise new dollars of equity capital, rather than just maintaining their capital ratios. Applying these principles, we suggest a number of modifications to the current set of risk-based capital requirements, to the leverage ratio, and to the Federal Reserve's stress-testing framework.
Hierarchically structured surfaces for boiling critical heat flux enhancement

We report large enhancements in critical heat flux (CHF) on hierarchically structured surfaces, fabricated using electrophoretic deposition of silica nanoparticles on microstructured silicon and electroplated copper microstructures covered with copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures. A critical heat flux of ≈250 W/cm2 was achieved on a CuO hierarchical surface with a roughness factor of 13.3, and good agreement between the model proposed in our recent study and the current data was found. These results highlight the important role of roughness using structures at multiple length scales for CHF enhancement. This high heat removal capability promises an opportunity for high flux thermal management.
Determination of the molecular structure and (m,n) index assignment to the constituent walls of MWCNTs with undetermined diameters and chirality

Each carbon nanotube (CNT) has its own mathematical representation due to its hexagonal lattice structure. The subjects of research are multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and determining their structural parameters: innermost and outermost diameters, chiral indices m and n, number of walls and their unit cell parameters. Within this paper low frequency region and corresponding high frequency parts of Raman spectra of three experimentally produced CNTs are considered, as well as use of Python programming for the most accurate (m,n) assignment. Determining the chirality of these samples enables calculation of other structural properties which are performed hereby. Furthermore, this author’s work enables future studies on the samples, as are calculation of different topological indices using the graph representation and the chirality of the studied CNT samples.
From extension to engagement: mapping the imaginary of wearable technology

This article maps the metaphors that have been used to facilitate human engagement with wearable technologies — extension, enhancement, augmentation — and locates the values and assumptions about the body and technology that they articulate. At the same time it considers the figure of the cyborg, in which many of these metaphors are incorporated fictionally and theoretically, and locates in this figure not one (interrogative, critical) meaning, but many possible meanings. The article then goes on to explore a recent reconfiguring of the human—technology relationship (Schroeder and Rebelo's 2007 analogy with the relationship between musician and intstrument), which it describes in terms of engagement — and to propose further that we need to embrace fully the embodied character of this relationship in order to realize the most creative possibilities of our relationship with the material world as expressed in this recent technology.
Positive Examples Negative Examples S x S x 5 Our Model Robot Grasping Grasping Pose Regression

In this work we present an empirical approach for solving the grasp synthesis problem for anthropomorphic robots equipped with vacuum grippers. Our approach exploits a self-supervised, data-driven learning approach to estimate a suitable grasp for known and unknown objects. We employ a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that directly infers the grasping points and the approach angles from RGB-D images as a regression problem. In particular, we split the image into a cell grid where the CNN provides, for each cell, an estimate of a grasp along with a confidence score. We collected a training dataset composed by 4000 grasping attempts by means of an automatic trial-and-error procedure, and we trained end-to-end the CNN directly on both the grasping successes and failures. We report a set of preliminary experiments performed by using known (i.e., object included in the training dataset) and unknown objects, showing that our system is able to effectively learn good grasping configurations.
Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of bioactive flavonolignan-silybinin

In this paper, a novel method of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) used for the extraction of a potent hepatoprotective bioactive silybinin, as a main flavonolignan from Silybum marianum is presented. The extracts were quantified for silybinin by HPLC. To prove the efficiency of the proposed MAE technique, it was compared with traditional methods like Soxhlet, maceration and stirring extraction. If the extraction yield obtained from MAE was to be considered as 100% performance level then, 12 h of Soxhlet extraction and 24 h of maceration and stirring extraction could attain 79.6%, 26.3% and 35% performance (in terms of extraction yield of silybinin) efficiency with high degree of reproducibility. The optimum extraction conditions were 600 W microwave power, 12 min extraction time (spread over two extraction cycles of 6 min each), 80% v/v ethanol as the extraction solvent, 20 min preleaching time and 25:1 (mL/gm) as the solvent to material loading ratio. A synergistic mechanism of heat and mass transfer was proposed to account for the accelerated extraction due to microwave.