Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The affinities for the two substrate water binding sites in the O(2) evolving complex of photosystem II vary independently during S-state turnover.

The first determinations of substrate water binding to the O(2) evolving complex in photosystem II as a complete function of the S states have been made. H(2)(18)O was rapidly injected into spinach thylakoid samples preset in either the S(0), S(1), S(2), or S(3) states, and the rate of (18)O incorporation into the O(2) produced was determined by time-resolved mass spectrometry. For measurements at m/e = 34 (i.e., for the (16)O(18)O product), the rate of (18)O incorporation in all S states shows biphasic kinetics, reflecting the binding of the two substrate water molecules to the catalytic site. The slow phase kinetics yield rate constants at 10 degrees C of 8 +/- 2, 0.021 +/- 0.002, 2.2 +/- 0.3, and 1.9 +/- 0.2 s(-1) for the S(0), S(1), S(2), and S(3) states, respectively, while the fast phase kinetics yield a rate constant of 36.8 +/- 1.9 s(-1) for the S(3) state but remain unresolvable (>100 (s-1)) for the S(0), S(1), and S(2) states. Comparisons of the (18)O exchange rates reveal that the binding affinity for one of the substrate water molecules first increases during the S(0) to S(1) transition, then decreases during the S(1) to S(2) transition, but stays the same during the S(2) to S(3) transition, while the binding affinity for the second substrate water molecule undergoes at least a 5-fold increase on the S(2) to S(3) transition. These findings are discussed in terms of two independent Mn(III) substrate binding sites within the O(2) evolving complex which are separate from the component that accumulates the oxidizing equivalents. One of the Mn(III) sites may only first bind a substrate water molecule during the S(2) to S(3) transition.
Role of RcsF in Signaling to the Rcs Phosphorelay Pathway in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The rcs phosphorelay pathway components were originally identified as regulators of capsule synthesis. In addition to the transmembrane sensor kinase RcsC, the RcsA coregulator, and the response regulator RcsB, two new components have been characterized, RcsD and RcsF. RcsD, the product of the yojN gene, now renamed rcsD, acts as a phosphorelay between RcsC and RcsB. Transcription of genes for capsule synthesis (cps) requires both RcsA and RcsB; transcription of other promoters, including that for the small RNA RprA, requires only RcsB. RcsF was described as an alternative sensor kinase for RcsB. We have examined the role of RcsF in the activation of both the rprA and cps promoters. We find that a number of signals that lead to activation of the phosphorelay require both RcsF and RcsC; epistasis experiments place RcsF upstream of RcsC. The RcsF sequence is characteristic of lipoproteins, consistent with a role in sensing cell surface perturbation and transmitting this signal to RcsC. Activation of RcsF does not require increased transcription of the gene, suggesting that modification of the RcsF protein may act as an activating signal. Signals from RcsC require RcsD to activate RcsB. Sequencing of an rcsC allele, rcsC137, that leads to high-level constitutive expression of both cps and rprA suggests that the response regulator domain of RcsC plays a role in negatively regulating the kinase activity of RcsC. The phosphorelay and the variation in the activation mechanism (dependent upon or independent of RcsA) provide multiple steps for modulating the output from this system.
Genetic transformation technology: Status and problems

SummaryTransfer of genes from heterologous species provides the means of selectively introducing new traits into crop plants and expanding the gene pool beyond what has been available to traditional breeding systems. With the recent advances in genetic engineering of plants, it is now feasible to introduce into crop plants, genes that have previously been inaccessible to the conventional plant breeder, or which did not exist in the crop of interest. This holds a tremendous potential for the genetic enhancement of important food crops. However, the availability of efficient transformation methods to introduce foreign DNA can be a substantial barrier to the application of recombinant DNA methods in some crop plants. Despite significant advances over the past decades, development of efficient transformation methods can take many years of painstaking research. The major components for the development of transgenic plants include the development of reliable tissue culture regeneration systems, preparation of gene constructs and efficient transformation techniques for the introduction of genes into the crop plants, recovery and multiplication of transgenic plants, molecular and genetic characterization of transgenic plants for stable and efficient gene expression, transfer of genes to elite cultivars by conventional breeding methods if required, and the evaluation of transgenic plants for their effectiveness in alleviating the biotic and abiotic stresses without being an environmental biohazard. Amongst these, protocols for the introduction of genes, including the efficient regeneration of shoots in tissue cultures, and transformation methods can be major bottlenecks to the application of genetic transformation technology. Some of the key constraints in transformation procedures and possible solutions for safe development and deployment of transgenic plants for crop improvement are discussed.
Amide local anesthetics reduce albumin extravasation in burn injuries.

Burn injury was induced in anesthetized rats by exposing the abdominal skin to a temperature of 55 degrees C by means of a hot aluminum rod. Temperature was registered on a Grass polygraph. Skin exposure was interrupted when hot rod temperature had decreased to 45 degrees C. A full-thickness burn trauma of the skin was induced as judged from histologic sections. The burned skin was dissected and extravasation of Evans blue (EB) bound plasma albumin was quantified by a spectrophotometric technique and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. In the first set of experiments, one group of rats (n = 15) was topically treated with a lidocaine-prilocaine cream 5% (25 mg of each in 1 g; EMLA) for 1.5 h starting 15 min after inducing the burn injury. In one control group (n = 14) the thermal injury was treated with placebo cream. A second control group (n = 15) was topically treated with placebo cream without being exposed to thermal trauma. Results showed a significant inhibition of EB-albumin extravasation in the skin of burned rats treated with lidocaine-prilocaine cream compared with placebo-treated burned skin (P less than 0.001). EB-albumin contents in the skin of burned rats treated with lidocaine-prilocaine cream did not differ significantly from unburned skin (P greater than 0.05). In the second set of experiments continuous iv lidocaine infusions at a rate of 5 (n = 10), 10 (n = 12), 20 (n = 10), or 30 (n = 10) micrograms.kg-1.min-1 was given. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pulse Plasma-Chemical Synthesis of Ultradispersed Powders of Titanium and Silicon Oxide

This paper is devoted to studying the plasma-chemical synthesis of nanosized SiO2 and TiO2 powders and to the analysis of their major characteristics. The nanosized powder was synthesized in the plasma-chemical reactor using a pulse electron beam to generate low-temperature plasma. The synthesized powders were studied by the transmission electron microscopy to determine the morphology and the size of the nanosized powder with respect to by-products of the reaction. The elemental composition was studied using the Oxford ED2000 X-ray fluorescent spectrometer. To determine the crystal structure of the nanosized powder, we used the standard technology of X-ray phase analysis. The reaction products were processed using Shimadzu XRD-6000/7000. The substances included in the composition of the nanosized powder were identified using Nicolet 5700 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
Parenting Behavior Mediates the Intergenerational Association of Parent and Child Offspring ADHD Symptoms

Although there are likely to be multiple mechanisms underlying parent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms as a key risk factor for offspring ADHD, potential explanatory factors have yet to be reliably identified. Given that parent ADHD symptoms independently predict parenting behavior and child ADHD symptoms, we tested whether individual differences in multiple dimensions of positive and negative parenting behavior (i.e., corporal punishment, inconsistent discipline, positive parenting behavior, observed negative talk, and observed praise) mediated the association between parental and offspring ADHD. We used a prospective design that featured predictors (i.e., parent ADHD symptoms) and mediators (i.e., parenting behavior) that temporally preceded the outcome (i.e., offspring ADHD symptoms). Using a well-characterized sample of 120 children with and without ADHD (ages 5–10 at Wave 1, 7–12 at Wave 2) and their biological parents, we examined multimethod (i.e., observed, self-report) measures of positive and negative parenting behavior as simultaneous mediators of the association of Wave 1 parent and Wave 2 offspring ADHD symptoms. Using a multiple mediation framework, consisting of rigorous bootstrapping procedures and controlling for parent depression, child's baseline ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder, and child's age, corporal punishment significantly and uniquely mediated the association of Wave 1 parent ADHD symptoms and Wave 2 offspring ADHD. We consider the role of parenting behavior in the intergenerational transmission of ADHD as well as implications of these findings for the intervention and prevention of childhood ADHD.
Ultrawideband Band-Notched Folded Strip Monopole Antenna

We propose a new band-notched folded strip monopole antenna for ultrawideband applications. This antenna is composed of a forked-shape radiator and a 50 Omega microstrip line. To achieve band-rejected filtering property at the WLAN bands, the forked-shape strips are folded back and result in a pair of coupled lines on the radiator. The length and gap width of the coupled lines primarily determine the notched frequency of the antenna. Based on the band-notched resonance, an equivalent circuit model is proposed for the antenna and the calculated antenna input admittance agrees with the full-wave simulation data. With the help of the dimensionless normalized antenna transfer function, the radiation characteristics are investigated thoroughly. The transmission responses of a transceiving antenna system and their corresponding transient analysis are discussed at the end of this paper.
A New Method for Extracting the Hierarchical Organization of Networks

Extracting the hierarchical organization of networks is currently a pressing task for understanding complex networked systems. The hierarchy of a network is essentially defined by the heterogeneity of link densities of communities at different scales. Here, we define a top-level partition (TLP) as a bipartition of the network (or a sub-network) such that no top-level community (TLC) runs across the two parts. It has been found that a TLP generally has a higher modularity than a non-top-level (TLP) partition when their TLCs have similar sizes and when the link densities of neighboring levels are well separated from each other. A spectral TLP procedure is proposed here to search for TLPs of a network (or sub-network). To extract the hierarchical organization of large complex networks, an algorithm called TLPA has been developed based on the TLP. Experiments have shown that the method developed in this research extract hierarchy accurately from network data.
The role of Ca2+‐activated K+ channel spliced variants in the tonotopic organization of the turtle cochlea

1 Turtle auditory hair cells contain multiple isoforms of the pore‐forming α‐subunit of the large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (KCa) channel due to alternative splicing at two sites. Six splice variants were studied by expression in Xenopus oocytes. 2 The isoforms possessed differences in apparent Ca2+ sensitivity and kinetics. The lowest Ca2+ sensitivity was observed in a novel variant resulting from a 26 amino acid deletion around one of the splice sites. 3 Co‐expression of a bovine β‐subunit slowed the current relaxation 10‐fold compared with channels formed from α‐subunits alone but preserved the original order of kinetic differences. The β‐subunit also increased the Ca2+ sensitivity of isoforms to bring them nearer the range of sensitivity of the native KCa channels of the hair cell. 4 With channels formed from α‐subunits or α+β‐subunits, the half‐activation voltage in a fixed Ca2+ concentration, and the time constant of the current relaxation, varied linearly with the combined size of the insertions/deletions at the splice sites. 5 Experiments in which the β/α concentration ratio was varied indicated that the β‐subunit exerts an all‐or‐none effect on the Ca2+ sensitivity and kinetics of the channel. 6 Co‐expression of an avian β2‐subunit had effects on kinetics and Ca2+ sensitivity of several α‐isoforms which were qualitatively similar to those produced by the bovine β‐subunit. 7 We conclude that differential expression of alternatively spliced α‐subunit variants and a non‐uniform distribution of a β‐subunit can produce a range of KCa channel properties needed to explain the tonotopic organization of the turtle cochlea.
KEYWORD EXTRACTION STRATEGY FOR ITEM BANKS TEXT CATEGORIZATION

We proposed a feature selection approach, Patterned Keyword in Phrase (PKIP), to text categorization for item banks. The item bank is a collection of textual question items that are short sentences. Each sentence does not contain enough relevant words for directly categorizing by the traditional approaches such as “bag‐of‐words. ” Therefore, PKIP was designed to categorize such question item using only available keywords and their patterns. PKIP identifies the appropriate keywords by computing the weight of all words. In this paper, two keyword selection strategies are suggested to ensure the categorization accuracy of PKIP. PKIP was implemented and tested with the item bank of Thai high primary mathematics questions. The test results have proved that PKIP is able to categorize the question items correctly and the two keyword selection strategies can extract the very informative keywords.
Current Status and Prospective Regarding the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Autoantibodies in Cancer Therapy

The presence of natural auto‐antibodies (NAbs) in normal range/activity in healthy individuals is essential for body to maintain hemostasis, which are directed to self and altered self‐components, while abnormal activity of this system can be associated with several health related diseases. It has been shown that NAbs regulate immune system, and can be changed during the individual's life. In other word, the level and pattern of Nabs is among the main factors to define the state of the body, suggesting their prognostic values as markers of immune system impairment such as autoimmunity and cancer. Such NAbs have gained substantial attention because several of them, including their recombinant forms, have therapeutic potential (e.g., programmed cell death‐1 [PD‐1, Pdcd1], which some of its inhibitors have been approved by FDA for cancer therapy). Whereas a large number of IgM and IgG NAbs have a key role in tissue homeostasis, while others modulate cellular and enzyme properties. The aim of current review is to give an overview about some of these NAbs and how these low‐titer/affinity interact with Ag in homeostasis, with particular emphasis on related diseases such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome and cancer, and their application as potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
Attitudes toward care of the terminally ill: An educational intervention

This quasiexperimental study examined the effect of an educational program on attitudes toward caring for terminally ill persons and their families. Participants were 115 undergraduate students: intervention group, N = 49; control group, N = 66. Preand post-intervention measurements were done with the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD, Form B). Students in the intervention group participated in a semester-long (15-week, 45-hour) educational program. Demographic variables, including age, gender, religion, major area of study, influence of religious beliefs, profession, previous education, and past or present experience with loss were evaluated. Statistical analyses (t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and APVs) indicated a significant positive change in the attitude scores of the intervention group and no significant change in the attitude scores of the control group.
Chaos Control in Duffing System Using Impulsive Parametric Perturbations

In this brief, a new scheme is developed for chaos control by applying periodic impulsive parametric perturbations. Based on Melnikov's condition for the existence of chaos, it is mathematically proven that, in a neighborhood of a homoclinic orbit of the Duffing system, chaos can be suppressed. A sufficient condition is also established, serving as the design criterion for the amplitude and the width of the impulsive control signal. Finally, the control effect will clearly be demonstrated with simulation results.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation Modulates Microvessel Permeability in Frog Mesentery

The tight junction of vascular endothelium provides a nearly impenetrable barrier to serum albumin and larger circulating proteins, thereby establishing the essential difference in oncotic pressure across the exchange vessel walls. It is in this way that the fluid balance between the vascular and extravascular compartments is maintained. Control of single capillary permeability depends on intracellular calcium and cyclic nucleotide levels (5, 6, 7). Activity of protein kinase C has also been implicated in permeability modulation of both whole organ vasculature (9) and epithelial monolayers (3, 4). Recent experiments that used monolayers of cultured bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells demonstrate that increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p-catenin correlated with increased paracellular permeability (1 1). For the present in vivo microvascular permeability study we hypothesized that tyrosine phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins is a mediating step that leads to the breakdown of the endothelial tight junction barrier. To test this hypothesis we treated single perfused capillaries of frog mesentery with phenylarsine oxide (PAO), an inhibitor of phospho-protein tyrosine phosphatase (PPTPase). This was done in order to increase levels of tyrosine phosphorylation. We then measured hydraulic conductivity as an indicator of microvessel permeability. Our observations confirm that tyrosine phosphorylation leads to elevated permeability and allow speculation that microvessel permeability is partially regulated by a dynamic balance between the activity of tyrosine kinases and PPTPases.
Creating a Virtual Perception for Upper Limb Rehabilitation

This paper describes the development of a virtualreality system ARWED, which will be used in physical rehabilitation of patients with reduced upper extremity mobility to increase limb Active Range of Motion (AROM). The ARWED system performs a symmetric reflection and real-time mapping of the patient’s healthy limb on to their most affected limb, tapping into the mirror neuron system and facilitating the initial learning phase. Using the ARWED, future experiments will test the extension of the action-observation priming effect linked to the mirror-neuron system on healthy subjects and then stroke patients. Keywords—Physical rehabilitation, mirror neuron, virtual reality, stroke therapy.
An Integration-oriented Model for Application Lifecycle Management

In the last years a new trend emerged in the software engineering tool market: Application Lifecycle Management (ALM). ALM aims at integrating processes and tools to coordinate development activities in software engineering. However, a common understanding or widely accepted definition of the term ALM has not yet evolved. Thus, companies introducing ALM are usually confronted with a wide range of solutions following different, vendor-specific interpretations. The aim of this paper is to clarify the concept of ALM and to provide guidance on how to develop an ALM strategy for software development organizations. The paper identifies key problem areas typically addressed by ALM and derives a model to relate the solution concepts of ALM to engineering and management activities. The work has been applied in the context of an improvement project conducted at an industrial company. This case shows how the model can be used to systematically develop a tailored, vendor-independent ALM solution.
Association of decreased serum protein fractions with Clostridium difficile infection in the acute care setting: a case-control study.

AIM This study examines the association of decreased levels of serum proteins with the occurrence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in hospitalized patients. MATERIALS & METHODS This is a retrospective case-control study using a case cohort (n = 171) that had been described in an earlier study and a cohort of 332 contemporaneous controls. RESULTS Patients with CDAD had significantly lower serum levels of albumin, total protein and globulins, and decreased albumin/globulin ratio (p < 0.0001 for all parameters). After adjustment for confounders, hypoproteinemia was more closely associated with CDAD than either hypoalbuminemia or albumin/globulin ratio. Hypoproteinemia exhibited an odds ratios of 10.6 (95% CI: 6.62-17.0) after adjustment for race, and 11.0 (95% CI: 6.88-17.1) after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION Decreased total serum protein is more closely associated with CDAD than hypoalbuminemia.
Domain Modeling for Planning as Logic Programming

Planning as programming is an approach to automated planning, where the planning domain model is expressed as a program in some (declarative) programming language. Then the modeler can exploit all features of that language to encode control knowledge important for efﬁcient planning. In this paper we study these features in the logic programming language Pi-cat and its planner module. In particular, we use two planning benchmarks, Nomystery and Childsnack, to compare factored and structured representations of states extended by encodings of control knowledge.
Predicting higher secondary results by data mining algorithms with VBR: A feature reduction method

The Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) Examination in Bangladesh was very crucial for students' future, as well as job lives. As the performance of this examination was influenced by some factors, the main scope of this research was to identify these influencing factors with highest possible precision. In this research, an experimental methodology was adopted to generate a dataset which was constructed from students who passed HSC. Several Data mining methods were used to analyze data, extracting models, and develop knowledge to make decision and also used some feature selection methods to remove unnecessary and redundant features which were helped to improve the performance of the classifiers. Here applied several existent feature selection algorithms and a proposed approach to find the relevant features. The results of the empirical analysis were obtained by removing these irrelevant features with some bayes based, function based, lazy based, rule base and tree base classifiers. And finally the results showed, feature reduction had some effect on performance and for overall LMT classifier with our selected features performed better than others.