Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M EFENPYR -D IETHYL A CTION ON F ENOXAPROP - P -E THYL D ETOXIFICATION IN W HEAT V ARIETIES 1

- Safeners protect crops against herbicide injury. The aim of this study was to examine the differential susceptibility of five wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties to the herbicide fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, as well as the performance of mefenpyr-diethyl on minimizing herbicide injury and on lipid contents. Varieties BRS 49, CD 104, CEP 24, IAPAR 78 and Rubi were sprayed with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (69 g ha 1 ), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + mefenpyr-diethyl (69 g + 18.75 g ha -1 ), or mefenpyr-diethyl (18.75 g ha -1 ). Plants were evaluated visually for injury at 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was assayed in aerial parts at 7 DAT, and lipid content was measured at 14 DAT. Varieties CEP 24, IAPAR 78 and Rubi were more tolerant to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl than BRS 49, and CD 104 rapidly recovering from the slight phytotoxicity symptoms produced by the herbicide. Mefenpyr-diethyl prevented crop injury associated with the herbicide. GST activity did not correlate directly with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl detoxification. However, lipid content was related to the susceptibility of wheat to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl treatment.
A High-Protein Meal during a Night Shift Does Not Improve Postprandial Metabolic Response the Following Breakfast: A Randomized Crossover Study with Night Workers

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of a high-protein/moderate carbohydrate (HP-MCHO) versus low-protein/high-carbohydrate (LP-HCHO) meal served at night on the postprandial metabolic response of male night workers the following breakfast. A randomized crossover study was performed with 14 male night workers (40.9 ± 8.9 years old; 29.1 ± 5.3 kg/m2). Participants underwent two different isocaloric dietary conditions at 1:00 h of the night shift: HP-MCHO (45 en% carbohydrate, 35 en% protein and 20 en% fat) and LP-HCHO (65 en% carbohydrate, 15 en% protein and 20 en% fat). Postprandial capillary glucose levels were determined immediately before the intake of the test meal and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the end of the meal. At the end of the work shift (6:30 h), participants received a standard breakfast and postprandial levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides were determined immediately before and then every 30 min for 2 h (30, 60, 90 and 120 min). Higher values of capillary glucose were found after the LP-HCHO condition compared to the HP-MCHO condition (area under the curve (AUC) = 119.46 ± 1.49 mg/dL × min and 102.95 ± 1.28 mg/dL × min, respectively; p < 0.001). For the metabolic response to standard breakfast as the following meal, no significant differences in glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR levels were found between interventions. A night meal with a higher percentage of protein and a lower percentage of carbohydrate led to minor postprandial glucose levels during the night shift but exerted no effect on the metabolic response of the following meal. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03456219.
Influência da aplicação de calcário na população da meso e macrofauna do solo sob sistema plantio direto

No presente estudo avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes doses e modos de aplicacao de calcario em plantio direto em campo nativo sobre a fauna edafica, apos cinco anos da aplicacao. Organismos da fauna epiedafica foram coletados com armadilhas tipo Provid e macrorganismos euedaficos utilizando monolitos de solos em duas epocas de amostragem: inverno e verao. Os organismos foram identificados ao nivel de classe e ordem. Foram identificados 17 grupos taxonomicos, com ocorrencia de cinco classes: Arachnida, Diplopoda, Crustacea, Oligochaeta e Insecta. A abundância de organismos apresentou maior variacao em funcao das diferentes epocas de coleta e nao sofreu influencia das diferentes doses e modos de aplicacao de calcario avaliados.
Targeting of the NRL Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy to Treat Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) with a prevalence of 1:4000, characterized by initial rod photoreceptor loss and subsequent cone photoreceptor loss with accompanying nyctalopia, visual field deficits, and visual acuity loss. A diversity of causative mutations have been described with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked inheritance and sporadic mutations. The diversity of mutations makes gene therapy challenging, highlighting the need for mutation-agnostic treatments. Neural leucine zipper (NRL) and NR2E3 are factors important for rod photoreceptor cell differentiation and homeostasis. Germline mutations in NRL or NR2E3 leads to a loss of rods and an increased number of cones with short wavelength opsin in both rodents and humans. Multiple groups have demonstrated that inhibition of NRL or NR2E3 activity in the mature retina could endow rods with certain properties of cones, which prevents cell death in multiple rodent RP models with diverse mutations. In this review, we summarize the literature on NRL and NR2E3, therapeutic strategies of NRL/NR2E3 modulation in preclinical RP models, as well as future directions of research. In summary, inhibition of the NRL/NR2E3 pathway represents an intriguing mutation agnostic and disease-modifying target for the treatment of RP.
The role of prelimbic and anterior cingulate cortices in fear memory reconsolidation and persistence depends on the memory age

Reconsolidation is a time-limited process under which reactivated memory content can be modified. Works focused on studying reconsolidation mainly restrict intervention to the moments immediately after reactivation and to recently acquired memories. However, the brain areas activated during memory retrieval depend on when it was acquired, and it is relatively unknown how different brain sites contribute to reconsolidation and persistence of reactivated recent and remote fear memories. Here, we sought to investigate the participation of prelimbic (PL) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) in recent (1 d old) and remote (21 d old) fear memory reconsolidation and persistence. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the contextual fear conditioning protocol. Tamoxifen (TMX), an estrogen receptor modulator known to inhibit protein kinase C activity was used to interfere with these processes. When infused into the PL cortex, but not into the ACC, TMX administration immediately or 6 h after recent fear memory reactivation impaired memory reconsolidation and persistence, respectively. TMX administered immediately after remote memory reactivation impaired memory reconsolidation when infused into the PL cortex and ACC. However, remote memory persistence was only affected when TMX was infused 6 h after memory reactivation into the ACC and no effect was observed when TMX was infused 6 h after memory reactivation into PL cortex. Together, the findings provide further evidence on the participation of PL cortex and ACC in reconsolidation of recent and remote fear memories and suggest that the persistence of a reactivated fear memory becomes independent on the PL cortex with memory age and dependent on the ACC.
Factors influencing egg parasitism in sub‐social insects: insights from the treehopper Alchisme grossa (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae)

Subsocial insects rely on maternal care in order to enhance offspring survival. Subsocial Hoplophorionini treehoppers defend their egg masses from predatory and parasitoid attacks. Egg parasitic wasps are important enemies of the Membracidae. We examined parasitism patterns and female defence mechanisms in the Hoplophorionini treehopper Alchisme grossa (Fairmaire). We examined the effect of aggregations of egg‐guarding females, spatial aggregations of host plants and female A. grossa, and host plant identity on the incidence of egg mass parasitism. Additionally, we measured the effect of female maternal care strategies on reducing the amount of parasitism on their egg masses. Aggregation of egg‐guarding females on a single host plant was the most important factor affecting egg mass parasitism. Increased numbers of aggregated females lowered both parasitism risk and parasitism levels on their egg masses. When spatial clumping of host plants and egg‐guarding females occurred simultaneously, parasitism risk was also reduced. Maternal care strategies such as coverage of the egg mass by the females' pronota and intensity of female defensive behaviour also seemed to lower parasitism on egg masses. A reduction of parasitism by female aggregation on host plants can be explained by a selfish herd dilution effect. This dilution effect was potentiated by a possible cooperation between aggregated egg‐guarding females on the host plant. The present study provides a new dimension to sub‐sociality in Hoplophorionini treehoppers.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important event in the pathogenesis of different human disorders, including atherosclerosis. ER stress leads to disturbance of cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, and in the case of macrophages, to foam cell formation and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In atherosclerosis, several cell types can be affected by ER stress, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscular cells, and macrophages. Modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and cytokines, in turn, can provoke ER stress through different processes. The signaling cascades involved in ER stress initiation are complex and linked to other cellular processes, such as lysosomal biogenesis and functioning, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and energy production. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of ER stress formation and the interplay of lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory response. We will specifically focus on macrophages, which are the key players in maintaining chronic inflammatory milieu in atherosclerotic lesions, and also a major source of lipid-accumulating foam cells.
Two‐hundred million years of anuran body‐size evolution in relation to geography, ecology and life history

Surprisingly, little is known about body‐size evolution within the most diverse amphibian order, anurans (frogs and toads), despite known effects of body size on the physiological, ecological and life‐history traits of animals more generally. Here, we examined anuran body‐size evolution among 2,434 species with over 200 million years of shared evolutionary history. We found clade‐specific evolutionary shifts to new body‐size optima along with numerous independent transitions to gigantic and miniature body sizes, despite the upper limits of anuran body size remaining quite consistent throughout the fossil record. We found a weak, positive correlation between a species’ body size and maximum latitude and elevation, including a dearth of small species at higher elevations and broader latitudinal and elevational ranges in larger anurans. Although we found modest differences in mean anuran body size among microhabitats, there was extensive overlap in the range of body sizes across microhabitats. Finally, we found that larger anurans are more likely to consume vertebrate prey than smaller anurans are and that species with a free‐swimming larval phase during development are larger on average than those in which development into a froglet occurs within the egg. Overall, anuran body size does not conform to geographic and ecological patterns observed in other tetrapods but is perhaps more notable for variation in body size within geographic regions, ecologies and life histories. Here, we document this variation and propose target clades for detailed studies aimed at disentangling how and why variation in body size was generated and is maintained in anurans.
Utilização da Energia de Dietas para Frangos de Corte Formuladas com Óleo Ácido de Soja

Acidulated soapstock, a by-product from the vegetable oil industry has been widely used in poultry nutrition. It is produced by the acid treatment of the residue left after refining vegetable oils. Several concerns exist on the use of this product, such as: adulteration, peroxidation, impurity, and uncertain energetic value. The current experiment focused on the use of the acidulated soapstock in broiler feeds compared with soybean oil. Feeds formulated with 4 and 8% added acidulated soapstock or soybean oil or their mixture in the ratios of 2 : 2 and 4 : 4 % were given to 7 day-old broiler chicks to 42 days of age placed in heated batteries. Birds receiving the diets with acidulated soapstock plus soybean oil had lower body weight at the end of the experiment when compared with birds on the treatments exclusively prepared with acidulated soapstock or soybean oil. This response was independent of the level of oil inclusion. Birds on the lower inclusion level consumed more feed, regardless of the oil source and showed poorer feed conversions, but did not show reduction in body weight when compared to the higher level of inclusion. Acidulated soapstock demonstrated an excellent potential as an energy supplement to be used in broiler feeds and had its energetic value determined as 8.114 kcal EMAn/kg DM, 5% below the value determined for soybean oil.
Development of in vitro endothelialized drug‐eluting stent using human peripheral blood‐derived endothelial progenitor cells

We propose in vitro endothelialization of drug‐eluting stents (DES) to overcome late stent thrombosis by directly introducing late‐outgrowth human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) at the target site utilizing abluminal DES. Isolated EPCs were confirmed as late‐outgrowth EPCs by flow cytometric analysis. Abluminally paclitaxel‐loaded stents were seeded with different cell concentrations and durations to determine optimal seeding conditions, in both uncrimped and crimped configurations. The seeding yield was determined by evaluating the percent coverage of the stent struts' area. The EPC‐seeded DES were exposed to arterial shear stress to evaluate the effect of high shear stress on EPCs. To investigate how much paclitaxel elutes during the seeding procedure, a pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Finally, to validate the proof of concept, EPC‐seeded DES were placed on a fibrin matrix with and without smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and cultured for 3 days under perfusion. The seeding procedure resulted in 47% and 26% coverage of the stent surface in uncrimped and crimped conditions, respectively. After the optimal seeding, almost 99% of drug was still available. When EPC‐seeded DES were placed on a fibrin matrix and cultured for 3 days, the EPCs confluently covered the stent surface and spread to the surrounding fibrin gel. When EPC‐seeded DES were placed on SMC‐containing fibrin layers, cells in contact with the struts died. EPCs can be successfully seeded onto DES without losing drug‐eluting capability, and EPCs exhibit sufficient proliferative ability. EPC‐seeded DES may combine early re‐endothelialization ability with the antirestenotic effectiveness of DES.
Seasonal Variation of Household Food Insecurity and Household Dietary Diversity on Wasting and Stunting among Young Children in A Drought Prone Area in South Ethiopia: A Cohort Study

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate seasonal patterns of household food insecurity, dietary diversity, and household characteristics on wasting and stunting among children in households followed for 1 year in the drought-prone areas of Sidama, Ethiopia. A cohort study design was employed. Data were collected on the pre-harvest season (March and June) and post-harvest season (September and December) of 2017. We studied 935 children aged 6 to 47 months. At four seasons over a year, we had 3,449 observations from 897 households and 82% (2,816) (95% CI: 80.3–82.9) were food in-secured households. Severe food insecurity was higher in the pre-harvest (March; food scarcity season) which was 69% as compared to 50% of September (P < .001). From 3,312 observations, 43% (1,408) (95% CI: 40.8-44.2) of children were stunted. Stunting showed seasonal variations with 36% (95% CI: 32.5-39.0) in March and 48% (95% CI: 45.0-51.8) in December. Six percent (95% CI: 4.8-6.3) of children were wasted, with higher prevalence in March (8%) as compared to 3% of September (P < .001). Moreover, household characteristics such as poverty level, education, occupation and the household food insecurity and dietary diversity were associated with subsequent wasting or stunting.
Chimeric hemagglutinin vaccine elicits broadly protective CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against multiple influenza strains and subtypes

Significance Pandemic influenza continues to threaten public health across the world. Cross-species transmission of avian H5N1, H7N9, and H10N8 subtypes represent a potential threat to human as the viruses may acquire the ability to pass efficiently from human to human. In order to develop an effective influenza vaccine with protective immunity against a broad range of human and avian influenza viruses, we generated a monoglycosylated consensus cHA (cHAmg) from human H1N1 and avian H5N1 HAs. After immunization with the monoglycosylated consensus cHA vaccine, mice were found to generate a high level of antibodies with broader cross-reactive neutralizing activities, higher ADCC responses, and more memory CD8+ T cell response. This strategy may facilitate the development of a universal vaccine against influenza viruses. Vaccination has been used to control the spread of seasonal flu; however, the virus continues to evolve and escape from host immune response through mutation and increasing glycosylation. Efforts have been directed toward development of a universal vaccine with broadly protective activity against multiple influenza strains and subtypes. Here we report the design and evaluation of various chimeric vaccines based on the most common avian influenza H5 and human influenza H1 sequences. Of these constructs, the chimeric HA (cHA) vaccine with consensus H5 as globular head and consensus H1 as stem was shown to elicit broadly protective CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Interestingly, the monoglycosylated cHA (cHAmg) vaccine with GlcNAc on each glycosite induced more stem-specific antibodies, with higher antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and better neutralizing and stronger cross-protection activities against H1, H3, H5, and H7 strains and subtypes. Moreover, the cHAmg vaccine combined with a glycolipid adjuvant designed for class switch further enhanced the vaccine efficacy with more IFN-γ, IL-4, and CD8+ memory T cells produced.
DISENTANGLING SAMPLING AND ECOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS UNDERLYING SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS

We used a probabilistic approach to address the influence of sampling ar- tifacts on the form of species-area relationships (SARs). We developed a model in which the increase in observed species richness is a function of sampling effort exclusively. We assumed that effort depends on area sampled, and we generated species-area curves under that model. These curves can be realistic looking. We then generated SARs from avian data, comparing SARs based on counts with those based on richness estimates. We used an approach to estimation of species richness that accounts for species detection probability and, hence, for variation in sampling effort. The slopes of SARs based on counts are steeper than those of curves based on estimates of richness, indicating that the former partly reflect failure to account for species detection probability. SARs based on estimates reflect eco- logical processes exclusively, not sampling processes. This approach permits investigation of ecologically relevant hypotheses. The slope of SARs is not influenced by the slope of the relationship between habitat diversity and area. In situations in which not all of the species are detected during sampling sessions, approaches to estimation of species richness integrating species detection probability should be used to investigate the rate of increase in species richness with area.
Mapping powdery mildew resistance gene in V97-3000 soybean

V97-3000 is a maturity group (MG) V soybean breeding line derived from SS 516 × V90-2592 (Vance × V81-1325) with high stachyose, small seed and powdery mildew resistance. A total of 53 F2:3 families were derived from a cross between V97-3000 and a powdery mildew susceptible line V99-5089. The 53 F2:3 families, each with 30 plants, were grown in the greenhouse for powdery mildew evaluation, and the corresponding 53 F2 plants were genotyped using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Results showed that the 53 F2:3 families segregated in ratio of one resistant : two segregating : one susceptible (13 : 26 : 14) and the 26 segregating F2:3 families each exhibited a good fit to three resistant : one susceptible, indicating that resistance to powdery mildew is conditioned by a single dominant gene. The gene for powdery mildew resistance in V97-3000 was mapped on chromosome 16 [linkage group (LG) J] flanked by Satt547 and Sat_396 on one side and Sat_393 on the other side with 3.8 cM and 3.9 cM distance, respectively. This study provides a new source of powdery mildew resistance and information of genetic location of the resistance gene and linked markers, which is useful for breeders selecting powdery mildew resistance through marker-assisted selection (MAS) in soybean breeding programmes.
Competitive Nucleation Mechanism for CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanoplatelets Growth.

We analyse nucleation-controlled nanocrystal growth in a solution containing surface-binding molecular ligands, which can also nucleate compact layers on the crystal surfaces. We show that if the critical nucleus size for ligands is larger and the nucleation barrier is lower than those for crystal atoms, the ligands nucleate faster than the atoms on relatively wide crystal facets but much slower, if at all, on narrow facets. Such competitive nucleation of ligands and atoms results in ligands covering predominantly wider facets, thus excluding them from the growth process, and acts as a selection mechanism for the growth of crystals with narrower facets, the so-called nanoplatelets. The theory is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations and validated experimentally for CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets grown from solution. We find that the anisotropic crystal growth is controlled by the growth temperature and the strength of surface bonding for the passivating molecular ligands.
Laser thermal therapy for epilepsy surgery: current standing and future perspectives

Abstract More than 130-year ago, Sir Victor Horsley delivered a landmark address to the British Medical Association, in which he described successful localization and resection of an epileptogenic focus resulting in seizure freedom for the patient. Several important steps in epilepsy surgery have been achieved since, including resection techniques such as anterior temporal lobectomy and selective amygdalohippocampectomy, both resulting in 70–80% seizure freedom and distinct differences in neuropsychological outcomes. The most recent addition to techniques for epilepsy surgery is minimally invasive thermal therapy. Significant advances in imaging technology and thermal ablation have opened a novel avenue for epilepsy treatment, permitting surgical intervention with seizure-freedom rates approaching the success of traditional methods but with reduced invasiveness, blood loss and duration of postoperative hospital stay. Here, we review recent advances on stereotactic ablation techniques focused on epilepsy surgery. Finally, we present emerging navigation techniques, which allow a higher degree of freedom. The described technologies render precise navigation of the ablation probe to avoid critical structures along the trajectory path and open novel pathways to further minimize invasiveness and improve safety and efficacy. Improve safety and efficacy.