Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss-averse newsvendor problem with general profit target

The newsvendor problems are widely studied in the literature and usually based on the assumption of expected profit maximising, that is risk-neutral assumption. Even for those who consider maximising risk-averse objective, very few are concerned with the loss-averse objective. In this article, we employ a loss-aversion utility function to model the newsvendor's decision-making behaviour which is more common in practice. We find that under very general assumption, the loss-averse newsvendor orders less than a risk-neutral newsvendor given the same initial inventory. We also find that the loss-averse newsvendor's optimal order-up-to level is equal to the risk-neutral newsvendor's optimal order-up-to level, when the reference target is large enough. We also indicate the importance of initial inventory to achieve the profit target.
New Zealand flower industry—With special reference to wintersweet introduction and commercialization

New Zealand is a small country in the southern hemisphere with significant contribution to off-season supply of horticultural products to the world market. Flower industry is a very small, but a fast growing part of the horticultural industry. Nurseries and cut flower production are mainly family based businesses which relies on technical support from grower’s associations, private consultant service, material suppliers, equipment suppliers and marketing agencies. Commitment, knowledge, skills and experience of growers are key factors to determine the success of their business. Government agencies serve business through international market survey, trade policy, resource consent, waste management and work safety issues. Garden centres and supermarkets dominate the domestic market while a few exporters are in change of overseas market. A garden centre and a flower export association were described to demonstrate the experience of New Zealand flower industry. Modern logistics and marketing technologies play an increasingly important role in New Zealand flower industry. Universities and research institutes work closely with industry and government agencies to develop innovative products. Wintersweet is currently a garden plant that also provides cut flowers. Wintersweet flower also has the potential to be used as a source of essential oil.
EYBOARD F OR M OBILE A PPS

Mobile applications are becoming an emerging property in today’s world. Delivering high quality mobile applications by improving the quality of the user interface is a definitive guide in building successful mobile applications and will have a significant increase in the market for that application. This paper addresses some issues related to mobile user interface, current input system and user dictionary. After analysing these issues we have proposed a new system by making some improvements to the current input system and user dictionary. In order to improve the current system, we have taken some issues related to one of the most widely used data entry methods ‘Keyboard’ and proposed some improvements by introducing Smart Optimized Keyboard (STOKE). We have provided the results, which include performance, reduction in number of keystrokes, and screen space. This describes the significant change after adopting the proposed keyboard. In the end, we have proposed an optimized way of building up the user dictionary, which assists the user in inserting the input very easily, rapidly and effectively. In a combine, these two will help in providing the best user experience to the users.
Source coding for multiple descriptions

This paper discusses an idealization of the situation in which it is required to send information over two separate channels, as in a packet communication network, and it is desired to recover as much as possible of the original information should one of the channels break down. Let {X<inf>k</inf>}<sup>∞</sup><inf>k–1</inf> be a sequence of independent copies of the binary random variable X, where Pr[X = 0} = Pr{X = 1} = 1/2. Assume that this sequence appears at a rate of one symbol per second as the output of a data source. An encoder observes this sequence and emits two binary sequences at rates R<inf>1</inf>, R<inf>2</inf> ≤ 1. These sequences are such that, by observing either one, a decoder can recover a good approximation to the source output and, by observing both sequences, a decoder can obtain a better approximation to the source output Letting D<inf>1</inf>, D<inf>2</inf>, D<inf>0</inf> be the error rates that result when the streams at rate R<inf>1</inf>, rate R<inf>2</inf>, and both streams are used by a decoder, respectively, our problem is to determine (in the usual Shannon sense) the set of achievable quintuples (R<inf>1</inf>, R<inf>2</inf>, D<inf>1</inf>, D<inf>1</inf>, D<inf>2</inf>). Our main result is a “converse” theorem that gives a necessary condition on the achievable quintuples.
A virus causing ringspot of Passiflora edulis in the Ivory Coast

SUMMARY A mechanically transmissible virus causing leaf mottling and ringspotting of Passijlora edulis var. flavicarpa in the Ivory Coast is described. Its particles are flexuous rods 810-830 nm long and 15 nm wide. It infects mainly species of Passifloraceae and Leguminosae ; Passiflora foetida is a good diagnostic host. Aphis gossypii and Aphis spiraecola transmit the virus after brief acquisition feeds. Seed transmission was not detected. In crude sap of P. eddis, infectivity was lost after IO min at 65-70 OC, 12-14 days at 24 “C or dilution to IO-’. A purification method is described, using Triton-X-Ioo as clarifying agent. The virus is serologically related but not identical to passionfruit woodiness virus from Queensland. The virus seems to belong to the potato virus Y group and has the cryptogram +:+/(6):E/E: S/Ap. It is designated passionfruit ringspot virus.
A Comparison of the Effect of Kettlebell Swings and Isolated Lumbar Extension Training on Acute Torque Production of the Lumbar Extensors

Abstract Edinborough, L, Fisher, JP, and Steele, J. A comparison of the effect of kettlebell swings and isolated lumbar extension training on acute torque production of the lumbar extensors. J Strength Cond Res 30(5): 1189–1195, 2016—The aim of this study was to use a fatigue response test to measure the muscular fatigue (defined as a reduction in torque production) sustained by the lumbar extensors after a single set of kettlebell swings (KBS) in comparison with isolated lumbar extensions (ILEX) and a control condition (CON). The purpose of which is to measure the physiological response of KBS against an already established modality. Subsequent data provide insight of the efficacy of kettlebells swings in strengthening the lumbar muscles and lower back pain treatment. Eight physically active males participated in a repeated measures design where participants completed all conditions. There were statistically significant reductions in maximal torque, reported as strength index (SI), after both KBS and ILEX exercise. A statistically significant difference was found for reductions in maximal torque between CON and both KBS (p = 0.005) and ILEX (p = 0.001) and between KBS and ILEX (p = 0.039). Mean reduction and effect sizes were −1824 ± 1127.12 (SI) and −1.62 for KBS and −4775.6 ± 1593.41 (SI) and −3.00 for ILEX. In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between KBS and ILEX for rate of perceived exertion (p = 0.012). Data suggest that both KBS and ILEX were able to fatigue the lumbar extensors. Isolated lumbar extension was able to generate a greater level of fatigue. However, contrary to previous research, the KBS was able to elicit a physiological response, despite the lack of pelvic restraint supporting the potential to strengthen the lumbar extensors.
Empirical Review of Coho Salmon Smolt Abundance and the Prediction of Smolt Production at the Regional Level

Abstract Regional habitat and fisheries management planning requires estimates of the capacity of watersheds to produce salmonids. To predict the average abundance of smolts of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch produced by streams and rivers, we related estimates of smolt abundance to habitat features derived from maps and discharge records. We assembled a database of 474 annual estimates of smolt abundance from 86 streams in western North America for this analysis. We found that only stream length and to a lesser extent latitude were useful in predicting mean smolt abundance, The frequency distribution of annual estimates of smolt abundance from individual streams tended towards a normal rather than the more usual lognormal distribution; the median coefficient of variation in abundance was 37%. Our results are consistent with the view that, on average, smolt abundance is limited by spatial habitat, but that there is significant annual variation in abundance probably due to variation in habitat quality cau.
Network cost impact of solutions for mitigating optical impairments: comparison of methods, techniques, and practical deployments constraints

Based on the simulations of realistic network conditions, this paper analyzes the network-cost dependence of the following parameters: the reach, the presence of optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) and branching nodes, and the chromatic dispersion. Trends and guidelines for the determination of the best match between system specifications and optimum network cost are proposed. The performance and cost impact of electrical and optical methods are critically analyzed.
Tuning PID controller parameters optimally based on Election Campaign Optimization algorithm

Election Campaign Optimization algorithm is used to tune the parameters of PID controllers optimally. 2 plants are selected to verify the applications, the simulation results are obtained, it is found that Election Campaign Optimization algorithm is able to search out the optimal parameters of PID controllers efficiently, applying Election Campaign Optimization algorithm to tune PID controllers optimally is a feasible method.
Biomechanical Analysis of Taekwondo Kicking Technique, Performance & Training Effects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kicking technique of Hong Kong Taekwondo athletes and to develop a well-designed training protocol to improve the performance of Taekwondo athletes in Hong Kong, A preand post-test design was employed in this study to examine the effectiveness of a training protocol that was based on the outcome of the pre-test. For each test session, the Taekwondo frontal attack kicking technique, such as sidekick, pushing kick, slap kick and back kick, was investigated. Kicking performance was video filmed and the muscle activities were recorded by an electromyography (EMG) system. Based on the recorded EMG signals and the EMG signals obtained from measuring the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) before the test trial, the 4>efcSafege ! MVC (%MVC) was derived. The ' /', — kinematics of each kicking movement ^ece^obj^ined by digitising and analysing the *'*8i$&' recorded video tapes on a motion analysis system. The results showed that there were significant differences in kicking time among different styles of kicking (p<.001) and different heights of kicking (p<.001). However, there was no significant difference in kicking time between different preparation forms. The front turning kick to the waist level with standing preparation form was significantly faster (0.70 ± .098s) than the other styles of kicking. However, the one-step sidekick to the head level with standing preparation form was significantly slower (1.09 ± ,119s) than other styles of kicking. The muscle activity during kicking was significantly different among selected muscles (p<.001). The vastus lateralis and tensor fasciae latae showed significantly higher average activity when compared with other selected muscles. The average muscle activity for the tensor fasciae latae and the vastus lateralis was 133.12 ± 77.55%MVC and 250.44 ± 182.28%MVC, respectively. This value for sartorius, rectus femoris and vastus medialis was 42.33 ± 14.98%MVC, 66.84 ± 31.31%MVC and 75.98 ± 41.19%MVC, respectively. Muscle activity of hamstrings can be represented by semitendinosus and biceps femoris. The activity level of these two muscles was 43.53 ± 15.43%MVC and 47.14 ± 28.29%MVC, respectively. The isokinetic training protocol was designed with knee concentric extension/flexion at 240deg/s, 20 repetitions in each set, 5 sets for each session, 3 sessions weekly. The isokinetic concentric knee extension peak torque at 240 deg/s showed significant increase from pre(108.83 ± 16.95 Nm) to post-test (117.83 ± 18.99 Nm) for the training group. It was concluded that isokinetic training at 240 deg/s angular velocity can increase the muscle peak torque of concentric knee extension at that velocity.
Tight-binding molecular-dynamics study of phonon anharmonic effects in silicon and diamond.

The anharmonic effects on phonons in silicon and diamond have been studied by molecular-dynamics simulations using an empirical tight-binding Hamiltonian. One-phonon spectral intensities of the zone-center and zone-boundary ({ital X}) modes have been calculated through the Fourier transform of the velocity-velocity correlation functions. This scheme allows a quantitative and nonperturbative study of phonon frequency shift and phonon linewidth as a function of temperature. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data.
Cytokine-mediated communication by keratinocytes and Langerhans cells with dendritic epidermal T cells.

Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) are skin-specific members of the epithelial gamma delta T-cell family that reside normally in murine epidermis. Recent studies indicate that certain cytokines (e.g. IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15) secreted by neighboring cells promote their residence and regulate their immune function. Conversely, DETC regulate the function of neighboring keratinocytes and Langerhans cells by elaborating other cytokines (e.g. interferon-gamma, keratinocyte growth factor and colony-stimulating factors). This reciprocal interaction represents a unique model of cytokine-mediated intercellular communication by tissue-specific gamma delta T cells with nearby epithelial and antigen presenting cells.
Eliciting honest behavior on computational grids

During the last decade, a computing paradigm known as “grid” computing has seen a surge in research activity. Drawing inspiration from the electrical power grid, this paradigm is an approach to high-performance computing that seeks to serve a large number of users from multiple, geographically distinct computing centers. As grids exist today, users are competing for overcommitted resources. Without a well-designed mechanism to mediate the competing interests of users, the outcome can be chaotic and inefficient. Additionally, scheduling decisions are made based on user-submitted metadata, data that can be manipulated to increase a user’s share of resources. This dissertation explores the efficacy of auction-based schedulers as a means for mediating these competing interests. In particular, the use of auctions to incentivize honest disclosure of job metadata is investigated. We investigate this problem in the context of best-effort batch queues and reservation systems.
The Research of Determinants of Female Entrepreneurial Intentions

With the advent of Knowledge Economics epoch,women possess the truly equate opportunities to compete with man in business world and their entrepreneurship,oppressed for centuries,is unprecedentedly released.The tendency to start private business for women flourished since 1990s,and nowadays business operated by women has been recognized to have significant contribution to the economic miracle of PRC.In this article,the authors are motivated to explore the idiosyncratic factors impacting women entrepreneurial intentions.Based on priori research fruits and structural interview,this paper proposed that gender identification and family commitment are two paramount factors for women to engender entrepreneurial intentions.A sampling pool of 351 women entrepreneurs were used to test our hypotheses.Empirical results indicated that gender identification and family commitment moderate the relationship between women entrepreneurial intention and its relevant antecedents.These findings provide insights in how to stimulate intrinsic entrepreneurship for women and facilitate our understanding of why women as a whole group are less likely to choose selecting self-employment(entrepreneur)as professional career.
The Road from Medical Injury to Claims Resolution: How No-Fault and Tort Differ

The no-fault system offers an alternative method to tort litigation of obtaining compensation for injuries. By eliminating negligence as a criterion for payment, the no-fault system aims to pay compensation more quickly and return a higher percentage of the liability dollar to those who have suffered harm, either to person or to property. The no-fault concept has been widely applied, especially to automobile accidents, in the United States and in other countries with mixed results. In the area of medical malpractice, no-fault has been of-
FTTX-how close to the end user should fiber come?

Summary form only given. The answer to the question is easy: In the end, optical fiber should come all the way into the home. Most scientists, industry engineers and economists will agree. The really big question is: How fast should it come to the home? Optical fiber is capable of transporting huge bandwidth over long distances. The figure-of-merit is the so-called bandwidth-distance product. The highest bandwidth-distance products experimentally demonstrated for single mode optical fiber are more than 1000 Tbit/s times km. In comparison the bandwidthdistance product for twisted pair copper and coaxial cable is in the range of 100 Mbit/s times km. With the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth the average amount of bandwidth used per end-user doubles every 2 years optical fiber is the only realistic end-solution to bring bandwidth to the home. However, if we only look at today's immediate demand for bandwidth, it can be easily met with copper cable solutions or with hybrid fiber-copper networks. In this paper, the deployment technologies for fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) will be compared to other fiber-to-the-X (FTTX) approaches. Several architecture will be discussed, such as passive optical networks (PON), point-to-point networks, networks using multiple wavelengths (WDM-PON), and fiber-to-the-node or street cabinet. Besides a pure technology comparison, we will also review the roles of the communication services and service providers with respect to fiber roll-out.
Prenatal Contact with Inhalant Allergens

Pollen contact in early infancy may enhance the risk for subsequent pollen allergy. In this study likelihood of a prenatal antigen contact, as a result of inhalation of pollen allergens by the mother, was investigated. Due to the seasonal occurrence of allergens studied, the date of priming can be estimated, and this can supply data about the maturation of the fetal immune system. Proliferative responses of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB MNCs) to the recombinant major allergens of birch (rBet v 1) and timothy grass(rPhl p 1) were analyzed throughout the whole year. A positive proliferative response was regarded as the criterion for a prenatal contact of the immune system with the allergen. Prenatal priming with both allergens was observed. Timothy grass pollen displayed considerably higher antigenicity than did birch pollen. The susceptibility of the fetal immune system to be primed by these allergens varies during the gestation period. The majority of positive responses to rPhl p 1 and rBet v 1 were found in UCB samples in which antigen contact (the respective pollen season) took place in the first 6 mo of pregnancy. Our results offer indirect evidence that, shortly after migration of T cell precursors to the epithelial thymus, T cells are mature enough for priming with antigens. No relationship was found between the susceptibility of the fetal immune system to be primed by these allergens and the clinical history of the family concerning type I allergy.
Effects of endotoxemia on the redox level of brain cytochrome a,a3 in rats.

We conducted the present study to determine the effect of endotoxin challenge on brain oxidative metabolism, after finding evidence in previous studies suggesting early uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the rat small intestine during endotoxemia. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (N = 10 each) which received E. coli endotoxin (20 mg/kg BW) or an equal volume of 0.9% saline (1 ml/kg) by i.v. bolus. Catheter implantation and the subsequent data collection were conducted using isoflurane anesthesia with controlled ventilation. Hemodynamic and metabolic data were recorded for 30 min before and 60 min after endotoxin or saline injection. Tissue oxidative metabolism was monitored in vivo using differential multiwavelength near-infrared spectrophotometry. Optrodes were positioned on either side of the rat's head (transillumination mode) to monitor the redox state of mitochondrial cytochrome a,a3 (AA3) as well as the supply of oxygen to the brain as reflected by tissue oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). In contrast to our previous results for the small intestine, where the decrease in AA3 oxidation level was disproportionately greater than the concomitant HbO2 decrease, we found that the endotoxin-induced impairment in blood flow to the head was associated with a decrease in brain AA3 redox level, which was proportional to the decrease in tissue HbO2. This finding of an apparent oxygen-dependent AA3 redox shift in the brain during endotoxemia is similar to previous findings of others in hemorrhagic hypotension and hypoxic hypoxia. Possible mechanisms for the different mitochondrial AA3 redox responses to endotoxin in the brain and small intestine are discussed.
Tumor Thrombus in the Branches of the Distal Portal Vein: CT Demonstration

Punctate and linear low density structures adjacent to the tumor nodules in the CT images of eight patients with hepatocellular carcinomas were followed for >5 months to investigate the evolution of these low density structures. During the period of follow-up, patients were given anticancer therapy. Computed tomographic, angiographic, and autopsy examinations indicated that the CT finding of punctate or linear low density structures represented a tumor thrombus in the portal branches of the third and more distal orders. In two cases that showed punctate or linear low density structures adjacent to the distal side of the tumor nodules to the porta hepatis, a daughter nodule was detected by CT at 6.5 and 9.2 months, respectively, after the appearance of the low density structures. In two cases that showed punctate or linear low density structures adjacent to the proximal side of the tumor nodules to the porta hepatis, rapid and extensive tumor growth was found by CT at 5.4 and 8.0 months, respectively, after the appearance of the low density structures.
A SIMPLE OPERATION FOR LATERAL TARSORRHAPHY.

The purpose of lateral tarsorrhaphy (canthorrhaphy, canthoplasty) is to effect partial closure of the palpebral fissure. This may be necessary in lagophthalmos, facial nerve palsy, exophthalmos, or to improve the appearance of a rounded lateral canthus. Many techniques are available.1That of Fuchs typifies the surgery involved and perhaps is the most widely used approach. A method of utilizing the figure-of-eight suture for lateral tarsorrhaphy occurred to me several years ago. Minsky2originally described this suture for repair of through-and-through lacerations of the lid. The method is popular and has been adapted to other situations.3It is an effective technique because it coapts two tissues precisely and splints them in position during the healing period. Simplicity makes this suture even more attractive. Since the method was easy and the results desirable I felt that others might be interested in the technique as applied to lateral tarsorrhaphy. Technique