Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Um framework para monitoração do consumo energético em arquiteturas multicore

Os processadores modernos oferecem informacoes sobre o seu consumo energetico. No entanto, nao ha padronizacao da interface de acesso aos servicos que as disponibilizam e nem uma etapa de tratamento ou uniformizacao dos dados coletados por essas ferramentas. Isso constitui um inconveniente para o programador final e restringe a portabilidade das solucoes que utilizam essas informacoes. Este artigo apresenta um framework que prove uma interface comum de servicos para acesso as informacoes sobre o consumo energetico dos processadores. A solucao desenvolvida fornece uma representacao uniforme para os dados coletados e e desenvolvida utilizando uma arquitetura modular e extensivel. Nessa abordagem, o consumo energetico de programas paralelos, executando em arquiteturas baseadas em processadores multicore, pode ser monitorado de forma dinâmica, independente da familia de processadores suportando a execucao. Esse framework e validado com dois estudos de caso que ilustram sua aplicabilidade.
The Influence of Pain: Quality of Life after Pectus excavatum Correction

Introduction: The main indication for surgery of thoracic wall deformities (TWD) is psychological due to cosmetic complaints. The assumption is that appearances have a negative effect on self-esteem and quality of life (QoL). Correction should result in improvement. Methods: Prospective trial. QoL was assessed using the CHQ and the WHOQOL-bref. Measurements were taken before surgery (T1) and 6 weeks thereafter (T2). Results: Forty-two patients were included. WHOQOL-bref showed differences between pre-operative and six weeks past surgery on facet body image (p = 0.003). Self-esteem (CHQ) did not show a significant improvement at T2. Concerning the scores on the single step questionnaire (SSQ), 33 patients were “very” to “extremely satisfied” with appearance and increased self-esteem (p < 0.001). Concerning the domain “pain and physical complaints”, CHQ did show a significant change (p < 0.001) with more complaints at T2. Conclusion: Six weeks after surgical correction of a TWD satisfaction with the “new” chest is good; pain seems to be a problem with possible negative influence on self-esteem.
Evanescent ergosurface instability

Some exotic compact objects possess evanescent ergosurfaces: timelike submanifolds on which a Killing vector field, which is timelike everywhere else, becomes null. We show that any manifold possessing an evanescent ergosurface but no event horizon exhibits a linear instability of a peculiar kind: either there are solutions to the linear wave equation which concentrate a finite amount of energy into an arbitrarily small spatial region, or the energy of waves measured by a stationary family of observers can be amplified by an arbitrarily large amount. In certain circumstances we can rule out the first type of instability. We also provide a generalisation to asymptotically Kaluza-Klein manifolds. This instability bears some similarity with the "ergoregion instability" of Friedman, and we use many of the results from the recent proof of this instability by Moschidis.
Enhancement of the magnetization saturation in magnetite (100) epitaxial films by thermo-chemical treatment

The effect of thermo-chemical treatment on the ease of saturation in a magnetic field of epitaxial magnetite (100) thin films grown on MgO (100) substrates was investigated. It was found that the films maintained a fully strained state with the MgO substrate during the treatment in air. No other iron oxide phase apart from the magnetite was observed in the treated film. Yet, remarkably the treated films showed a higher magnetization compared to that of original ones. A model involving a change in antiferromagnetic coupling at the antiphase boundaries during the treatment is proposed.
An Information Theoretic Approach to Chord Categorization and Functional Harmony

We present new tools for categorizing chords based on corpus data, applicable to a variety of representations from Roman numerals to MIDI notes. Using methods from information theory, we propose that harmonic theories should be evaluated by at least two criteria, accuracy (how well the theory describes the musical surface) and complexity (the efficiency of the theory according to Occam’s razor). We use our methods to consider a range of approaches in music theory, including function theory, root functionality, and the figured-bass tradition. Using new corpus data as well as eleven datasets from five published works, we argue that our framework produces results consistent both with musical intuition and previous work, primarily by recovering the tonic/subdominant/dominant categorization central to traditional music theory. By showing that functional harmony can be analysed as a clustering problem, we link machine learning, information theory, corpus analysis and music theory.
Teaching Approaches and Practices of Student Teachers in Early Childhood Education: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study

This study examined the teaching approaches and practices of student teachers in early childhood education using a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The participants were 112 student teachers for the quantitative strand and 29 randomly selected student teachers for the qualitative strand of the study. Participants reported on their teaching approaches in the quantitative strand, and video recordings of teaching practices of student teachers were used in the qualitative strand of the study. Quantitative data were analyzed using cluster analyses, and qualitative data were analyzed using an observational coding of behaviors, following that which the quantitative and qualitative results were merged. Cluster analyses showed that student teachers to be categorized into three groups (traditional, constructivist, and mixed) that reflect their teaching approaches. The qualitative analyses from the video recordings consistently showed that student teachers reflected their perceptions of teaching approaches in their practice. Findings from the current study highlight the importance of understanding student teachers’ teaching approaches and practices in early childhood.
SOQDE: A Supervised Learning Based Question Difficulty Estimation Model for Stack Overflow

StackOverflow (SO), the most popular community Q&A site rewards answerers with reputation scores to encourage answers from volunteer participants. However, irrespective of the difficulty of a question, the contributor of an accepted answer is awarded with the same 'reputation' score, which may demotivate an user's additional efforts to answer a difficult question. To facilitate a question difficulty aware rewarding system, this study proposes SOQDE (Stack Overflow Question Difficulty Estimation), a supervised learning based Question difficulty estimation model for the StackOverflow. To design SOQDE, we randomly selected 936 questions from a SO datadump exported during September 2017. Two of the authors independently labeled those questions into three categories (basic, intermediate, or advanced), where conflicting labels were resolved through tie-breaking votes from a third author. We performed an empirical study to determine how the difficulty of a question impacts its outcomes, such as number of votes, resolution time, and number of votes. Our results suggest that the answers of a basic question receive more votes and therefore would generate more reputation points for an answerer. Due to less incentives relative to efforts spent by an answerer, intermediate and advanced questions encounter significantly more delays than the basic questions, which further validates the need of a model like SOQDE. To build our model, we have identified textual and contextual features of a question and divided them into two categories-pre-hoc and post-hoc features. We observed a model based on Random Forest achieving the highest mean accuracy (67.6%), using only answer-independent pre-hoc features. Accommodating answer-dependent post-hoc features, we were able to improve the mean accuracy of our model to 75.2%.
Fish Processing Wastes as a Potential Source of Proteins, Amino Acidsand Oils: A Critical Review

The fish processing industry is a major exporter of seafood and marine products in many countries. About 70% of the fish is processed before final sale. Processing of fish involves stunning, grading, slime removal, deheading, washing, scaling, gutting, cutting of fins, meat bone separation and steaks and fillets. During these steps significant amount of waste (20-80% depending upon the level of processing and type of fish) is generated which can be utilized as fish silage, fishmeal and fish sauce. Fish waste can also be used for production of various value added products such as proteins, oil, amino acids, minerals, enzymes, bioactive peptides, collagen and gelatin. The fish proteins are found in all parts of the fish. There are three types of proteins in fish: structural proteins, sacroplasmic proteins and connective tissue proteins. The fish proteins can be extracted by chemical and enzymatic process. In the chemical method, salts (NaCl and LiCl) and solvents (isopropanol and aezotropic isopropanol) are used, whereas during the enzymatic extraction, enzymes (alcalase, neutrase, protex, protemax and flavorzyme) are used to extract proteins from fish. These fish proteins can be used as a functional ingredient in many food items because of their properties (water holding capacity, oil absorption, gelling activity, foaming capacity and emulsifying properties). They can also be used as milk replacers, bakery substitutes, soups and infant formulas. The amino acids are the building blocks of protein. There are 16-18 amino acids present in fish proteins. The amino acids can be produced from fish protein by enzymatic or chemical processes. The enzymatic hydrolysis involves the use of direct protein substrates and enzymes such as alcalase, neutrase, carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin. In the chemical hydrolysis process, acid or alkali is used for the breakdown of protein to extract amino acids. The main disadvantage of this method is the complete destruction of tryptophan and cysteine and partial destruction of tyrosine, serine and threonine. The amino acids present in the fish can be utilized in animal feed in the form of fishmeal and sauce or can be used in the production of various pharmaceuticals. The fish oil contains two important polyunsaturated fatty acids called EPA and DHA or otherwise called as omega-3 fatty acids. These omega-3 fatty acids have beneficial bioactivities including prevention of atherosclerosis, protection against maniac–depressive illness and various other medicinal properties. Fish oil can also be converted to non-toxic, biodegradable, environment friendly biodiesel using chemical or enzymatic transesterification.
Mapping the “housing with care” concept with stakeholders: insights from a UK case study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of an early stage, exploratory case study of a proposed housing with care initiative (the Crichton Care Campus (CCC)). This sought the perspectives of a range of key stakeholders on the proposed model and how it might be best realised. The analyses of these findings show their relevance to debates on integrated housing with care, and reflect on the methodology used and its potential relevance to similar projects. Design/methodology/approach The study used a transactive planning approach, where grounded views are sought from a variety of stakeholders. A purposive sample identified informants from relevant health, social care and housing organisations and nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. These were transcribed and data analysis was undertaken on an “interactive” basis, relating care theory to empirical expressions. Findings The authors identify two contrasting orientations – inclusive “community-oriented” and professional “service-oriented”. This distinction provides the basis for a rudimentary conceptual map which can continue to be used in the planning process. Two significant variables within the conceptual map were the extent to which CCC should be intergenerational and as such, the degree to which care should come from formalised and self-care/informal sources. The potential to achieve an integrated approach was high with stakeholders across all sectors fully supporting the CCC concept and agreeing on the need for it to have a mixed tenure basis and include a range of non-care amenities. Originality/value This paper offers originality in two respects. Methodologically, it describes an attempt to undertake early stage care planning using a needs led transactive methodology. In more practical terms, it also offers an innovative environment for considering any approach to care planning that actively seeks integration – based on an acknowledgement of complexity, a variety of perspectives and possible conflicts. The authors propose that the concepts of “community-orientation” and “service-orientation” are used as a helpful basis for planning negotiations, making implicit divergences explicit and thus better delineated.
Discrete Wavelet transform and Chaotic Map based Watermark Hiding in Medical Images

Digital watermarking is technique to hide an invisible watermark in a host image. One such area of application could be medical image processing where watermark may contain sensitive information of the patient. Hence digital watermarking will help to secure patient data from unauthorized modifications. In this review paper, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain and chaotic system based medical image watermarking scheme has been proposed for hiding patient information in medical image to authenticate, in other words, to trace the origin of the image. Firstly Discrete Wavelet Transform has been applied on the host image, decomposing the image into four sub-bands namely LL, LH, HL and HH. Then LL band is chosen to hide the watermark. LL band is divided into 3x3 non overlapping blocks. Each bit of watermark is hidden into each block. To add more security, logistic map has been used through which chaotic watermark has been obtained, which has been embedded into the low frequency LL sub-band of medical image. The chaotic watermark has been embedded into each block by observing neighbor pixels conditions and modifying one of neighbor pixels. Experimental results of the proposed method have been compared with other existing medical image watermarking
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM CONTROVERSY : WHEN DO YOU CONSIDER A REPTILE CRYPTO-FREE ?

Management of Cryptosporidium-positive reptiles can include isolation and fecal screening for a 1 yr period. Animals that do not shed detectable levels of oocysts can undergo an immunosuppression test. Animals that do not shed detectable levels of oocysts following immunosuppresion can be considered clear of Cryptosporidium serpentes and placed back within the collection.
Use of a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction for detection of salmonella and chlamydophila psittaci from caged birds (kafes kuşlarında salmonella ve chlamydophila psittaci’nin saptanmasında multiplex-polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu tekniğinin kullanılması )

Bu calismada, Salmonellosis ve Psittacosis’in tanisinda kullanilmak uzere bir multipleks-polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (m-PZR) teknigi gelistirilmesi amaclandi. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dali sus koleksiyonunda yer alan Salmonella suslari, kafes kusu orijinli Salmonella izolatlari ve bunlardan izole edilen DNA ornekleri disinda yurt disindan saglanan ve iki farkli Chlamydophila psittaci klinik susundan izole edilmis DNA ornekleri calisma materyalini olusturdu. Calismada, Salmonella turlerinde iroB genini kodlayan sekansin 606 bp’lik porsiyonunu spesifik olarak amplifiye eden iroBF ve iroBR primer cifti ile Chlamydophila psittaci’nin pmp genlerinin 300 bp’lik sekansini amplifiye eden CpsiA ve CpsiB primer ciftinin ayni reaksiyon karisimi ve sartlarinda calisacagi bir m-PZR teknigi gelistirildi. Pozitif kontrol Chlamydophila psittaci DNA’larinin disinda, kendi laboratuvar izolatlari ve suslarindan izole edilen DNA ornekleri kullanilarak teknigin spesifite ve sensitivitesi de belirlendi. Sonuc olarak, klinik materyallerden direkt tani potansiyeli de bulunan teknigin kafes kuslarinda Salmonella spp. ve C. psittaci’nin tanisinda hizli, guvenilir ve ekonomik bir teknik oldugu dusunulmektedir
Biodiesel sensing using silicon-on-insulator technologies

By measuring the transmission of Biodiesel/Diesel mixtures in the near- and far-infrared wavelength ranges, it is possible to predict the blend level with a high accuracy. Conventional photospectrometers are typically large and expensive and have a performance that often exceeds the requirements for most applications. For automotive applications for example, what counts is size, robustness and most important cost. As a result the miniaturization of the spectrometer can be seen as an attractive implementation of a Biodiesel sensor. Using Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) this spectrometer miniaturization can be achieved. Due to the large refractive index contrast of the SOI material system, photonic devices can be made very compact. Moreover, they can be manufactured on high-quality SOI substrates using waferscale CMOS fabrication tools, making them cheap for the market. In this paper, we show that it is possible to determine Biodiesel blend levels using an SOI spectrometer-on-a-chip. We demonstrate absorption measurements using spiral shaped waveguides and we also present the spectrometer design for on-chip Biodiesel blend level measurements.
Sex ratios of sea turtles

Estimates of sex ratios of hatchling sea turtles range from approximately 50% female (Chelonia mydas and Dermochelys coriacea in Suriname) to approximately 90% female (Caretta caretta in Florida). Seasonal sex production profiles (SSPPs) show how similar overall sex ratios can be achieved in dissimilar ways. Possible explanations of the data include sampling error, constraints on evolutionary adjustment of pivotals or behavior to local thermal conditions, and violations of assumptions required by classical Fisherian theory. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dual‐Functional Graphene Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management

The synthesis and characterization of epoxy‐based composites with few‐layer graphene fillers, which are capable of dual‐functional applications, are reported. It is found that composites with certain types of few‐layer graphene fillers reveal an efficient total electromagnetic interference shielding, SEtot ≈ 45 dB, in the important X‐band frequency range, f = 8.2 −12.4 GHz, while simultaneously providing high thermal conductivity, K ≈ 8 W m−1 K−1, which is a factor of ×35 larger than that of the base matrix material. The efficiency of the dual‐functional application depends on the filler characteristics: thickness, lateral dimensions, aspect ratio, and concentration. Graphene loading fractions above the electrical and thermal “percolation thresholds” allow for strong enhancement of both the electromagnetic interference shielding and heat conduction properties. Interestingly, graphene composites can block the electromagnetic energy even below the electrical percolation threshold, remaining electrically insulating, which is an important feature for some types of thermal interface materials. The dual functionality of the graphene composites can substantially improve the electromagnetic shielding and thermal management of airborne systems while simultaneously reducing their weight and cost.
A martingale approach for fractional Brownian motions and related path dependent PDEs

In this paper we study dynamic backward problems, with the computation of conditional expectations as a main objective, in a framework where the (forward) state process satisfies a Volterra type SDE, with fractional Brownian motion as a typical example. Such processes are neither Markov processes nor semimartingales, and most notably, they feature a certain time inconsistency which makes any direct application of Markovian ideas, such as flow properties, impossible without passing to a path-dependent framework. Our main result is a functional It\^{o} formula, extending the seminal work of Dupire \cite{Dupire} to our more general framework. In particular, unlike in \cite{Dupire} where one needs only to consider the stopped paths, here we need to concatenate the observed path up to the current time with a certain smooth observable curve derived from the distribution of the future paths. This new feature is due to the time inconsistency involved in this paper. We then derive the path dependent PDEs for the backward problems. Finally, an application to option pricing in a financial market with rough volatility is presented.
Earnings and Employment Dynamics for Africans in Post-apartheid South Africa: A Panel Study of KwaZulu-Natal

The labour market is central in determining individual and household well-being in South Africa. Therefore, an understanding of earnings and employment dynamics is a key policy issue. However, the absence of panel data has constrained empirical work addressing these topics. This paper conducts such a study using a regional panel data set, the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS). The authors find that, on average, working aged Africans in KwaZulu-Natal experienced large gains in earnings during the 1993 to 1998 period. These gains were progressive in nature, with the highest quintile of 1993 earners and those originally employed in the formal sector actually experiencing zero or negative growth in their average earnings. The average gain in earnings varied substantially depending on the employment transitions that labour force participants experienced. Obtaining formal sector employment is found to be an important pathway to growth in earnings, yet the vast majority of those who get ahead do so by retaining employment in a given sector or moving to the informal sector. The dynamism of the informal sector over this period is shown to be an important contributor to the progressive growth in earnings. Government policies that seek to increase employment and earnings in the informal as well as formal sectors are recommended. Understanding the constraints preventing the vast number of unemployed from engaging in informal employment is shown to be a key issue for future work.
Student Evaluations of Teaching: Are They Related to What Students Learn?

Although the student evaluation of teaching has been extensively researched, no general consensus has been reached about the validity of the process. One contentious issue has been the relationship between the evaluations and learning. If good instruction increases the amount of learning that takes place, then learning and the evaluations should be validly related to each other. A review of the literature shows that attempts to find such a nomological relationship has been complicated by practice, methodology, and interpretation. A meta-analysis of the literature shows that a small average relationship exists between learning and the evaluations but that the association is situational and not applicable to all teachers, academic disciplines, or levels of instruction. It is concluded that the more objectively learning is measured, the less likely it is to be related to the evaluations.