Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN SPEED OF INFORMATION PROCESSING : DEVELOPMENTAL AND DIFFERENTIAL ARGUMENTS

Speed of human information processing (SIP) is a research construct which has been examined under different names and with different intensity for more than sixty years. Its importance is briefly described in four research fields: differential, experimental, aging and cognitive development. Since SIP presents an important component of contemporary intelligence models and life-span cognitive development research, an attempt for the construction of an integrated SIP picture was necessary. Review and systematic analysis of 42 research papers and additional related literature showed that there are problems with the validity of the SIP construct, but it also revealed other theoretical and empirical inconsistencies. A new proposal for SIP phenomena has been made, which abandons the SIP construct with related measures, and introduces the RCP property as one of the general attributes of every cognitive process.
Comparison between induction machine and interior permanent magnet machine for electric vehicle application

This paper makes a quantitative comparison between induction machine (IM) and interior permanent magnet machine (IPM) for electric vehicle (EV) application, in terms of electromagnetic performance and material cost. The popular Toyota Prius 2010 IPM is adopted directly, and the IM is designed with the same stator outer diameter and stack length as Prius 2010 IPM for a fair comparison. The design process of IM is introduced, and the torque capability, torque/power-speed characteristics, torque ripple and cost, are compared and discussed.
The Consequences of Being Born Small – An Adaptive Perspective

Absolute definitions of fetal growth are being replaced by definitions that focus on an optimal life-course trajectory. The fetus makes responses to its environment that are determined by the maternal macro-environment, health and physiology. The processes of maternal constraint create significant variations within the normal range of maternal environments and function, and in the fetal environment, which are reflected in different patterns of growth. Deficient nutrient provision may induce immediate adaptation in the form of fetal growth impairment, but will also induce adaptive responses that have evolved for predictive advantage; that is, for a later phase of the life cycle. This latter class of response, probably mediated by epigenetic processes, explains many outcomes of a less-than-optimal pregnancy, including impaired growth, increased visceral obesity, impaired cognitive development, advanced maturation and a greater risk of metabolic and related disease in later life. While these adaptive processes evolved and were appropriate in the environments of prehistory, they are increasingly mismatched with modern environments. Such considerations suggest different approaches to intervention and prevention in population-specific contexts.
Statistical Analysis of Clustered Data using SAS ® System

Clustered data is very common, such as the data from paired eyes of the same patient, from multiple teeth of the same mouth, from animals of the same litter, from siblings in the same family. The key feature of clustered data is that outcomes from the same cluster are likely to be positively correlated. The proper analysis of clustered data requires taking this correlation into consideration. The ignorance of such correlation can bias the statistical inference. This paper provides an overview on the availability of built-in SAS procedures and user-developed SAS macros for the analysis of clustered data from Ophthalmology studies. It covers the non-model based analysis by PROC TTEST, PROC UNIVARIATE and %CLUSWILCOX for the parametric and nonparametric comparison of paired continuous data; PROC FREQ, %MHADJUST and %CLUSTPRO for the comparison of balance or unbalanced paired binary data; followed by the model-based analysis using PROC GENMOD, PROC MIXED, PROC GLIMMIX, PROC NLMIXED, PROC PHREG and %GAMFRAIL for clustered continuous, binary, count and survival data. We conclude that SAS is very powerful for analyzing clustered data.
Skeletal muscle involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

53 patients with typical PSS were examined for evidence of muscle weakness, abnormal serum enzymes, disturbances in urinary creatine and creatinine, and histopathologic alterations in skeletal muscle tissue. The majority was found to have clinical and biochemical features of primary myopathy. Microscopic involvement of muscle fibers or interstitium was present in 14 of 36 cases; the most consistent abnormality was interstitial fibrosis. This muscle involvement is considered an important feature in the course of PSS.
Effets d'un entraînement du raisonnement analogique : analyse du mouvement oculaire d'enfants avec et sans difficultés d'apprentissage

Ce travail de Master fait partie du courant de l'evaluation dynamique du potentiel d'apprentissage. Il s'agit d'un projet qui contribue a l'evaluation des effets d'un entrainement specifique du raisonnement analogique a travers l'analyse du mouvement oculaire. Notre travail se propose de mettre en evidence que l'enregistrement du mouvement oculaire, lors de la realisation des tâches d'analogie geometriques, avant et apres un entrainement, permet non seulement l'obtention de donnees concernant la performance mais egalement des informations sur les processus de traitements mis en jeu. Cette analyse permet de determiner la maniere dont les eleves profitent d'un entrainement specifique ainsi que de distinguer les differences entre ceux-ci. Les resultats montrent que les effets d'un entrainement sont differents pour chaque eleve. De maniere generale, l'utilisation d'un entrainement specifique se traduit par une amelioration des performances de meme que par un changement dans le comportement et les strategies utilisees.
Partial Envelopes for Efficient Estimation in Multivariate Linear Regression

We introduce the partial envelope model, which leads to a par simonious method for multivariate linear regression when some of the predictors are of special interest. It has the potential to achieve massive efficiency gains compared to the standard model in the estimation of the coefficients for the selected predictors. The partial envelop model is a variation on the envelope model proposed by Cook et al. (2010) but, as it focuses on part of the predictors, it has looser restrictions and can further improve efficiency. We develop maximum likelihood estimation for the partial en velope model and discuss application of the bootstrap. An example is provided to illustrat e some of its operating characteristics.
Joint Line Position Restoration During Revision Total Knee Replacement

Forty-five consecutive knee replacement revision operations done in 44 patients with a revision indication of instability were reviewed. In more than ½ of these patients, the prosthetic joint line was malpositioned proximally. At surgery, the joint line was restored through the use of distal femoral augments and balancing of the flexion and extension spaces. The fibular styloid and medial epicondylar reference points were used to determine proper position of the joint line. Scarring or laxity of the patellar tendon rendered the use of the Insall-Salvati ratio for determining joint line position inapplicable in these patients having revision knee replacement.
Healing of Osteotomies Under Different Degrees of Stability in Rats

In rats, a partial, transverse osteotomy at the midshaft of both femurs was made. In two thirds of the bones, the osteotomy was manually broken and stabilized, either by a tightly fitting or by a loose intramedullary nail. The healing process of the osteotomies was evaluated at 30, 60, and 90 days after the operation. The stable osteotomies healed by direct bone union, and the unstable osteotomies healed by the formation of external callus. At 30 days, the bending moment, rigidity, and energy absorption of the stable osteotomies were significantly greater than those of the unstable osteotomies. At 60 days, however, there were no significant differences in these parameters. During the observation period, no significant differences in mechanical properties were found between the osteotomies nailed with a tightly fitting or a loose intramedullary nail. It is concluded that healing of rigidly fixated fractures is a rather slow, steady process in relation to healing of unstably fixated fractures. Different degrees of instability of intramedullary nailed fractures do not seem to be of significant importance as to the eventual recovery of mechanical properties.
An integrated approach and IT platform to optimise electric motor engineering and design

Electric motors are one of the most common electrical components. The design phase is the most important stage in which 'green' customised solutions can be ideated, evaluated and optimised. Different aspects have to be concurrently addressed to achieve a high quality product in a short time to market. The present paper describes an innovative approach and software platform to configure and simulate customised electric motors. A key feature of the platform is a knowledge-based system that aims to standardise the design process. The platform integrates different software tools to support the development and verification of several design aspects, such as energy efficiency, manufacturing costs and environmental impacts. It also provides a collaborative area to support collaboration along the whole supply chain. Different case studies are presented to show the effectiveness of the platform application in supporting designers in the creation of innovative products.
KARYOTYPIC DIVERSITY AND SPECIATION IN AGRODIAETUS BUTTERFLIES

Abstract That chromosomal rearrangements may play an important role in maintaining postzygotic isolation between well-established species is part of the standard theory of speciation. However, little evidence exists on the role of karyotypic change in speciation itself—in the establishment of reproductive barriers between previously interbreeding populations. The large genus Agrodiaetus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) provides a model system to study this question. Agrodiaetus butterflies exhibit unusual interspecific diversity in chromosome number, from n = 10 to n = 134; in contrast, the majority of lycaenid butterflies have n = 23/24. We analyzed the evolution of karyotypic diversity by mapping chromosome numbers on a thoroughly sampled mitochondrial phylogeny of the genus. Karyotypic differences accumulate gradually between allopatric sister taxa, but more rapidly between sympatric sister taxa. Overall, sympatric sister taxa have a higher average karyotypic diversity than allopatric sister taxa. Differential fusion of diverged populations may account for this pattern because the degree of karyotypic difference acquired between allopatric populations may determine whether they will persist as nascent biological species in secondary sympatry. This study therefore finds evidence of a direct role for chromosomal rearrangements in the final stages of animal speciation. Rapid karyotypic diversification is likely to have contributed to the explosive speciation rate observed in Agrodiaetus, 1.6 species per million years.
A power modelling approach for many-core architectures

Many-core architectures are playing an important role in the HPC systems. But they are giving high performance at the cost of a great electrical power consumption. On Tianhe-2 supercomputer, the Xeon Phi many-core processors contribute nearly 80% of the system power. Power models are important to guide the design of dynamic power management (DPM) algorithms by predicting the power consumption with respect to power states and program execution patterns. However, the complexity of many-core hardware design makes power modelling be a challenging work. These concerns lead us to try a power modelling approach for many-core architectures based on the performance monitoring counters (PMC). The key insight is based on a large number of micro benchmarks on a real many-core platform, where we find some essential rules determining the chip power. Following the modelling approach, we develop an accurate chip power model for the Intel SCC many-core chip. Experimental comparison shows that our model is much more accurate than others.
Image quality improvement using edge and distribution information of degraded image

The basic blur distribution approach considered in the restoration of degraded images uses a Gaussian structure to cover a large class of possible distributions. In contrast to this general hypothesis, a common problem encountered in restoration is that the restoration algorithm, especially working in real time, might have large errors with unexpected results if the distribution of image blur based on different media such as atmosphere, x rays, etc. is not known. From this point of view, information about the distribution of blur operating on image is an essential step toward a better restoration to obtain a high-quality image from the degraded one. We introduce a novel approach for restoration of images by using edge and distribution information of the degraded image. For that purpose, first, the distribution model of the degradation process is estimated by a correlation between actual image and reference distribution test models. Then, the proposed algorithm estimates restoration filter model coefficients according to the estimated distribution model and edge information of the degraded image. Simulation results of image restoration illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Renal provider recognition of symptoms in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although several studies have found that the burden of symptoms in patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis is substantial, little is known about renal providers' awareness of these symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess renal provider recognition of symptoms and their severity in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The Dialysis Symptom Index, a 30-item measure of symptoms and their severity, was administered to patients during a routine hemodialysis session. Immediately after surveying patients, the renal provider who evaluated the patient completed the Dialysis Symptom Index to report the symptoms that he or she believed were present in that patient. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of provider reports of symptoms were calculated using patient reports as the reference standard. Patient-provider agreement on the presence and severity of symptoms was assessed using the kappa statistic. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 75 patients and 18 providers. For 27 of 30 symptoms, the sensitivity of provider responses was <50%, and provider responses for 25 symptoms were characterized by positive predictive values of <75%. kappa scores for 25 symptoms including those pertaining to pain, sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbance, and psychologic distress were <0.20, indicating poor provider recognition of these symptoms. Providers underestimated the severity of 19 of 30 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Renal providers are largely unaware of the presence and severity of symptoms in patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis. Implementation of a standardized symptom assessment process may improve provider recognition of symptoms and promote use of symptom-alleviating treatments.
A bootstrap approach to confidence regions for genetic parameters from Method R estimates.

Confidence regions (CR) for heritability (h2) and fraction of variance accounted for by permanent environmental effects (c2) from Method R estimates were obtained from simulated data using a univariate, repeated measures, full animal model, with 50% subsampling. Bootstrapping techniques were explored to assess the optimum number of subsamples needed to compute Method R estimates of h2 and c2 with properties similar to those of exact estimators. One thousand estimates of each parameter set were used to obtain 90, 95, and 99% CR in four data sets including 2,500 animals with four measurements each. Two approaches were explored to assess CR accuracy: a parametric approach assuming bivariate normality of h2 and c2 and a nonparametric approach based on the sum of squared rank deviations. Accuracy of CR was assessed by the average loss of confidence (LOSS) by number of estimates sampled (NUMEST). For NUMEST = 5, bootstrap estimates of h2 and c2 were within 10(-3) of the asymptotic ones. The same degree of convergence in the estimates of SE was achieved with NUMEST = 20. Correlation between estimates of h2 and c2 ranged from -. 83 to -. 98. At NUMEST < 10, the nonparametric CR were more accurate than parametric CR. However, with the parametric CR, LOSS approached zero at rate NUMEST(-1). This rate was an order of magnitude larger for the nonparametric CR. These results suggested that when the computational burden of estimating genetic parameters limits the number of Method R estimates that can be obtained to, say, 10 or 20, reliable CR can still be obtained by processing Method R estimates through bootstrapping techniques.
Predictive Factors for Additional Non-Sentinel Lymph Node Involvement in Breast Cancer Patients with One Positive Sentinel Node

Aim The aim of this study was to identify a subgroup of breast cancer patients in whom it is possible to avoid axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) when the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is positive. Methods A series of 292 patients treated with breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy underwent ALND after positive SLN detection. To correlate SLN metastasis with the chances of finding additional metastasis in non-SLNs we evaluated the main clinicopathological characteristics. No patients received adjuvant radiotherapy to the axillary region. Results Fifty-six patients (35.4%) with positive SLNs for macrometastases (n = 158) had additional metastases upon completion ALND compared with 7 patients (5.2%) with micrometastases in the SLN (n = 132). Cases with a higher number of positive axillary lymph nodes tended to have higher pT stage (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, pT was confirmed as an independent predictor of non-SLN metastases (OR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.16-4.99). No patients with micrometastases in SLN and cancer <10 mm had additional positive non-SLNs. Conclusions Our results, in agreement with the major published studies, suggest that ALND can be avoided in selected patients without the need for additional treatment to the axillary region.
Space-multiplexed input on mouse-extended notebooks

Space-multiplexed input allows the distribution of tasks across spatially separated input devices. In this paper, we present an empirical study that evaluates the practical applicability of space-multiplexed input to mouse-extended notebooks - a common configuration which integrates both a touchpad and an external mouse. Our study shows that (1) two-handed input can instantly be performed by subjects without significant loss in performance; (2) one-handed operation of space-multiplexed interfaces performs worse than time-multiplexed input; and (3) the touchpad can be faster to acquire than virtual handles of standard size.
Rational therapy: If only it were so

Although we are sympathetic to Reynolds and Slocum’s concerns, their editorial errs on several points. The authors cite deference to regulatory (presumably Food and Drug Administration) approval as a constraint. The FDA has long recognized broad physician discretion in using FDAapproved drugs or devices for indications as physicians see fit and has mechanisms for the use of unapproved drugs or devices. That physicians do not venture beyond approved indications may reflect reticence in the face of insurers or peers who misunderstand evidence-based medicine (EBM) by equating EBM with randomized control trials (RCTs). EBM recognizes many levels of evidence. The current version of EBM as equivalent to RCTs fails to understand the epistemic basis underlying statistical approaches in RCTs, as their very structure renders them highly problematic as sole guides to therapy. The alternative of undisciplined or unsubstantiated treatments is unappealing as well; however, Reynolds and Slocum similarly err in proposing that physicians choose treatments according to first principles of physiological mechanisms. Although this would be ideal, first principles are rarely known and when known, most often are derived post hoc. Historically, ‘‘rational therapy’’ rarely has been the case, particularly for truly innovative therapies. Take the authors’ example of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Its first reported use in movement disorders was in 1980, long before there was any cogent rationale other than that stimulation prior to ablation seemed helpful. Theories of pathophysiology developed in the ensuing years and used as a rational basis for DBS were devised post hoc. Today, there is no clear understanding of how DBS works; certainly there is little evidence to support ‘‘rewiring. ’’ At best, the history of innovations is one of lucky (in retrospect) intuitive leaps (guesses), guided by prior understanding. As Reynolds and Slocum rightly point out, current interpretations of EBM often lead to radical skepticism and nihilism, particularly in rare disorders, but the alternatives they offer are little better because they are based on a misreading of history and a lack of epistemic analyses. There is ‘‘structure’’ to innovation, as evidenced by the fact that certain individuals have made unique and important contributions more consistently than either chance or sociopolitical status can explain. There is a reasonable supposition that these individuals were on the ‘‘right track. ’’ How they happened onto the right track should be carefully understood and systemized, perhaps through proper philosophical analysis, and applied to facilitate new discoveries.
Big Health Application System based on Health Internet of Things and Big Data

The world is facing problems, such as uneven distribution of medical resources, the growing chronic diseases, and the increasing medical expenses. Blending the latest information technology into the healthcare system will greatly mitigate the problems. This paper presents the big health application system based on the health Internet of Things and big data. The system architecture, key technologies, and typical applications of big health system are introduced in detail.
Las rentas de capital en Phogue: análisis de su fiabilidad y corrección mediante fusión estadística

Durante los anos noventa se observa en Espana una utilizacion creciente de las tecnicas de microsimulacion en la investigacion en Economia Publica. Una de las fuentes de datos mas utilizadas en este campo es el Panel de Hogares Europeo (PHOGUE). Pese a presentar informacion de una gran riqueza, los datos de renta de capital que proporciona estan infravalorados y presentan una desagregacion escasa, lo que puede provocar que los resultados de las simulaciones con el realizadas no sean correctos. El presente trabajo se propone como objetivo buscar una solucion a este problema, para lo que se imputan a PHOGUE, mediante tecnicas de fusion estadistica, valores de rentas de capital provenientes del Panel de Declarantes de IRPF del Instituto de Estudios Fiscales.