Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grazing alters warming effects on leaf photosynthesis and respiration in Gentiana straminea, an alpine forb species

Aims Vast grasslands on the t ibetan Plateau are almost all under livestock grazing. It is unclear, however, what is the role that the grazing will play in carbon cycle of the grassland under future climate warming. We found in our previous study that experimental warming can shift the optimum temperature of saturated photosynthetic rate into higher temperature in alpine plants. In this study, we proposed and tested the hypothesis that livestock grazing would alter the warming effect on photosynthetic and respiration through changing physical environments of grassland plants. Methods Experimental warming was carried by using an infrared heating system to increase the air temperature by 1.2 and 1.7° c during the day and night, respectively. t he warming and ambient temperature treatments were crossed over to the two grazing treatments, grazing and un-grazed treatments, respectively. t o assess the effects of grazing and warming, we examined photosynthesis, dark respiration, maximum rates of the photosynthetic electron transport (J max), r u bP carboxylation (V cmax) and temperature sensitivity of respiration Q 10 in Gentiana straminea, an alpine species widely distributed on the t ibetan grassland. leaf morphological and chemical properties were also examined to understand the physiological responses.
Utility-Weighted Modified Rankin Scale Scores for the Assessment of Stroke Outcome

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Patient-centered care prioritizes patient beliefs and values towards wellbeing. We aimed to map functional status (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] scores) and health-related quality of life on the European Quality of Life 5-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) to derive utility-weighted (UW) stroke outcome measures and test their statistical properties and construct validity. Methods: UW-mRS scores were derived using linear regression, with mRS as a discrete ordinal explanatory response variable in 8 large international acute stroke trials. Linear regression models were used to validate UW-mRS scores by assessing differences in mean UW-mRS scores between the treatment groups of each trial. To explore the variability in EQ-5D between individual mRS categories, we generated receiver operator characteristic curves for EQ-5D to differentiate between sequential mRS categories and misclassification matrix to classify individual patients into a matched mRS category based on the closest UW-mRS value to their observed individual EQ-5D value. Results: Among 22 946 acute stroke patients, derived UW-mRS across mRS scores 0 to 6 were 0.96, 0.83, 0.72, 0.54, 0.22, −0.18, and 0, respectively. Both UW-mRS and ordinal mRS scores captured divergent treatment effects across all 8 acute stroke trials. The sample sizes required to detect the treatment effects using UW-mRS scores as a continuous variable were almost half that required in trials for a binary cut point on the mRS. Area under receiver operator characteristic curves based on EQ-5D utility values varied from 0.66 to 0.81. Misclassification matrix showed moderate agreement between actual and matched mRS scores (kappa, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.67–0.68]). Conclusions: Medical strategies that target avoiding dependency may provide maximum benefit in terms of poststroke health-related quality of life. Despite variable differences with mRS scores, the UW-mRS provides efficiency gains as a smaller sample size is required to detect a treatment effect in acute stroke trials through use of continuous scores. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov; Unique identifiers: NCT00226096, NCT00716079, NCT01422616, NCT02162017, NCT00120003, NCT02123875. URL: http://ctri.nic. in; Unique identifier: CTRI/2013/04/003557. URL: https://www.isrctn. com; Unique identifier: ISRCTN89712435.
Quadriceps or multiceps femoris?—Cadaveric study

The quadriceps femoris (QF) consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris; vastus medialis; vastus lateralis, and vastus intermediate. The tendons of all of these parts join together into a single tendon that attaches to the patella. The QF is a powerful extensor of the knee joint that is needed for walking. A growing number of publications have examined the fifth head of the QF muscle. There is no information about the possibility of other heads, and there is no correct classification of their proximal attachments. Further, the frequency of occurrence of additional heads/components of the QF remains unclear.
The NLRP1 Inflammasome in Human Skin and Beyond

Inflammasomes represent a group of protein complexes that contribute to host defense against pathogens and repair processes upon the induction of inflammation. However, aberrant and chronic inflammasome activation underlies the pathology of numerous common inflammatory diseases. Inflammasome assembly causes activation of the protease caspase-1 which in turn activates proinflammatory cytokines and induces a lytic type of cell death termed pyroptosis. Although NLRP1 (NACHT, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 1) was the first inflammasome sensor, described almost 20 years ago, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation and the resulting downstream events are incompletely understood. This is partially a consequence of the poor conservation of the NLRP1 pathway between human and mice. Moreover, recent evidence demonstrates a complex and multi-stage mechanism of NLRP1 inflammasome activation. In contrast to other inflammasome sensors, NLRP1 possesses protease activity required for proteolytic self-cleavage and activation mediated by the function-to-find domain (FIIND). CARD8 is a second FIIND protein and is expressed in humans but not in mice. In immune cells and AML (acute myeloid leukemia) cells, the anti-cancer drug talabostat induces CARD8 activation and causes caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. In contrast, in human keratinocytes talabostat induces NLRP1 activation and massive proinflammatory cytokine activation. NLRP1 is regarded as the principal inflammasome sensor in human keratinocytes and UVB radiation induces its activation, which is believed to underlie the induction of sunburn. Moreover, gain-of-function mutations of NLRP1 cause inflammatory skin syndromes and a predisposition for the development of skin cancer. SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of NLRP1 are associated with several (auto)inflammatory diseases with a major skin phenotype, such as psoriasis or vitiligo. Here, we summarize knowledge about NLRP1 with emphasis on its role in human keratinocytes and skin. Due to its accessibility, pharmacological targeting of NLRP1 activation in epidermal keratinocytes represents a promising strategy for the treatment of the numerous patients suffering from NLRP1-dependent inflammatory skin conditions and cancer.
Recurrence Patterns for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma after Upfront Resection Versus Resection Following Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) represents a paradigm shift in the management of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with perceived benefits including a higher R0 rate. However, it is unclear whether NAT affects the sites and patterns of recurrence after surgery. This review seeks to compare sites and patterns of recurrence after resection between patients undergoing upfront surgery (US) or after NAT. Methods: The EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched to identify eligible studies that compare recurrence patterns between patients who had NAT (followed by resection) with those that had US. The primary outcome included site-specific recurrence. Results: 26 articles were identified including 4986 patients who underwent resection. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC, 47% 1074/2264) was the most common, followed by resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC 42%, 949/2264). The weighted overall recurrence rates were lower among the NAT group, 63.4% vs. 74% (US) (OR 0.67 (CI 0.52–0.87), p = 0.006). The overall weighted locoregional recurrence rate was lower amongst patients who received NAT when compared to US (12% vs. 27% OR 0.39 (CI 0.22–0.70), p = 0.004). In BRPC, locoregional recurrence rates improved with NAT (NAT 25.8% US 37.7% OR 0.62 (CI 0.44–0.87), p = 0.007). NAT was associated with a lower weighted liver recurrence rate (NAT 19.4% US 30.1% OR 0.55 (CI 0.34–0.89), p = 0.023). Lung and peritoneal recurrence rates did not differ between NAT and US cohorts (p = 0.705 and p = 0.549 respectively). NAT was associated with a significantly longer weighted mean time to first recurrence 18.8 months compared to US (15.7 months) (OR 0.18 (CI 0.05–0.32), p = 0.015). Conclusion: NAT was associated with lower overall recurrence rate and improved locoregional disease control particularly for those with BRPC. Although the burden of liver metastases was less, there was no overall effect upon distant metastatic disease.
Landsat's Role in Ecological Applications of Remote Sensing

Abstract Remote sensing, geographic information systems, and modeling have combined to produce a virtual explosion of growth in ecological investigations and applications that are explicitly spatial and temporal. Of all remotely sensed data, those acquired by Landsat sensors have played the most pivotal role in spatial and temporal scaling. Modern terrestrial ecology relies on remote sensing for modeling biogeochemical cycles and for characterizing land cover, vegetation biophysical attributes, forest structure, and fragmentation in relation to biodiversity. Given the more than 30-year record of Landsat data, mapping land and vegetation cover change and using the derived surfaces in ecological models is becoming commonplace. In this article, we summarize this large body of work, highlighting the unique role of Landsat.
The Classic Lobe Eye Phenotype of Drosophila Is Caused by Transposon Insertion-Induced Misexpression of a Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor

Drosophila Lobe (L) alleles were first discovered ∼100 years ago as spontaneous dominant mutants with characteristic developmental eye defects. However, the molecular basis for L dominant eye phenotypes has not been clearly understood. A previous work reported identification of CG10109/PRAS40 as the L gene, but subsequent analyses suggested that PRAS40 may not be related to L. Here, we revisited the L gene to clarify this discrepancy and understand the basis for the dominance of L mutations. Genetic analysis localized the L gene to Oaz, which encodes a homolog of the vertebrate zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) family transcriptional regulators. We demonstrate that RNAi knockdown of Oaz almost completely restores all L dominant alleles tested. Lrev6-3, a revertant allele of the L2 dominant eye phenotype, has an inframe deletion in the Oaz coding sequence. Molecular analysis of L dominant mutants identified allele-specific insertions of natural transposons (roo[ ]L1, hopper[ ]L5, and roo[ ]Lr) or alterations of a preexisting transposon (L2-specific mutations in roo[ ]Mohr) in the Oaz region. In addition, we generated additional L2-reversion alleles by CRISPR targeting at Oaz. These new loss-of-function Oaz mutations suppress the dominant L eye phenotype. Oaz protein is not expressed in wild-type eye disc but is expressed ectopically in L2/+ mutant eye disc. We induced male recombination between Oaz-GAL4 insertions and the L2 mutation through homologous recombination. By using the L2-recombined GAL4 reporters, we show that Oaz-GAL4 is expressed ectopically in L2 eye imaginal disc. Taken together, our data suggest that neomorphic L eye phenotypes are likely due to misregulation of Oaz by spontaneous transposon insertions.
The health status of turkeys against the microclimatic conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the sanitary microbiological status of a poultry house building as well as to determine morphological and biochemical blood markers of turkey hens with a deteriorated health status (diarrheas, numerous deaths, drowsiness, deformed tarsal joint). Microorganisms isolated from litter, buildings and turkey hens constituted the natural environmental flora detected in these types of buildings, hence the sanitary and hygienic status of the turkey rearing
Impaired occipital cerebrovascular reactivity as a biomarker for vascular β-amyloid

Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) represents a decrease in vasodilatory capacity because of arterial wall stiffening and elasticity loss. This measure seems to be a sufficient indication of the adequacy of tissue-level cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). 1 Decreased CVR, linked to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and reduced microvascular pulsatility, contributes to disturbances in overall perivascular flow and interstitial fluid drainage that, in turn, impede the clearance of metabolites, including β-amyloid (Aβ), from brain tissue. Experimental studies have thus considered impaired CVR a hallmark feature of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). 2 It remains unclear, however, whether CVR also declines in Alzheimer disease (AD) and, if so, whether it relates to parenchymal Aβ deposition or to concomitant CAA.
Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Fish from European Lakes: Current Contamination Status, Sources, and Perspectives for Monitoring

Concentrations in fish of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were reported for 7 deep lakes in the European subalpine area: Lakes Geneva, Lugano, Maggiore, Iseo, Como, Garda, and Mergozzo; one shallow lowland lake (Varese); and 2 high‐altitude alpine lakes (>2000 m a.s.l). Fillets and, in selected cases, other body fractions (viscera, liver, and residual carcass) from 8 fish species were analyzed. The possibility of harmonizing the monitoring protocols was tested. Results suggest that the sampling season is not critical for PFASs and the total protein content cannot be used for normalization of tissue concentrations because PFASs bind to specific proteins. Moreover, the polar lipid content could be used to reduce the variability of PFAS concentrations in phospholipid rich fractions of fish such as viscera and carcass. The data comparison and analysis show that the PFAS contamination in lake fish is generally correlated with the degree of urbanization of the lake catchment; however, it is sometimes difficult to compare absolute concentrations in lake fish because the lake hydro‐morphological characteristics play a substantial role in determining the chemical concentrations of persistent and mobile contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:658–676. © 2020 SETAC
NUTRIENT RELEASE PATTERN OF DECOMPOSITED LEAF LITTER IN DIFFERENT MULTIPURPOSE TREES

The investigation undertaken to find out the rate of decomposition of leaf litter of seven multi-purpose tree species, viz., Tectona grandis , Eucalyptus tereticornis , Dendrocalamus strictus , Terminalia bellirica , Cassia fistula , Casuarina equisetifolia and Terminalia arjuna for 195 days i.e. from first fortnight of July 2009 to second fortnight of January 2010. The litter bag of nylon net (1mm mesh size), 20x20 cm. in size, containing 10g air-dried samples were incubated on surface in the first week of July 2009. Litter bags of each species were placed on the plantation field of respective species. For each species 3 litter bags were recovered at fortnight intervals for the study of weight loss in dry matter due to decomposition. Fresh leaf litter were also chemically analysed for N, P, and K using standard prescribed procedure. Significantly the highest amount of nitrogen release (%) was recorded in Eucalyptus tereticornis which was followed by Dendrocalamus strictus . Among different multipurpose tree species the maximum amount of phosphorus release was recorded in Cassia fistula and maximum amount of potassium release percentage was in Eucalyptus tereticornis which was at par with Terminalia bellirica .
In vitro Approaches of Primula vulgaris Leaves and Roots Extraction against Human Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2 Abstract: Primula is a medicinal plant bearing flowers which belongs to family Primulaceae. These are low growing herbs. Methanol and cold water extraction methods were used for leaves and roots extractions of Primulavulgaris. Antimicrobial activity ofleaves and roots extracts was evaluated by well diffusion method. Results revealed that P. vulgaris leaves extractexhibit excellent inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli that showed zone of inhibition 18 mm with methanol extract and 14 mm with cold water extract and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed zone of inhibition 14 mm with methanol extract and 13 mm with cold water extract. Roots extract of P. vulgaris also exhibited inhibitory effects against E. coli showed zone of inhibition 13 mm with methanol extract and 16 mm with cold water extract and P. aeruginosa showed zone of inhibition 13 mm with methanol extract and 14mm with cold water extract while Staphylococcus aureus did not show any inhibitory zone with leaves or roots extracts. This research summarized that leaves and roots extracts of P. vulgaris contains a brought range of antimicrobial activity against the microorganism. Advance studies should carry out to find out the precise method of action by which extracts exert their antimicrobial effect to recognize which can be used in drug development.
Context, Types, and Consequences of Violence Across the Life Course: A Qualitative Study of the Lived Experiences of Transgender Women Living With HIV

Violence is a known driver of HIV vulnerability among transgender (trans) women, who are disproportionately impacted by HIV globally. Violence is also a barrier to accessing HIV prevention, treatment, and support. Yet, little is known about the everyday experiences of violence faced by trans women living with HIV, who live at the intersection of a marginalized gender identity and physical health condition. To address this gap, this study draws on semi-structured, individual interviews conducted 2017–2018 with a purposive sample (selected based on diverse identities) of trans women living with HIV (n = 11) participating in a large, community-based cohort study in three Canadian provinces. Framework analysis was used to identify key themes, patterns within themes between participants, and patterns across themes among participants. Findings showed that trans women living with HIV experience specific contexts of violence shaped at the intersection of stigma based on gender identity, gender expression, and HIV status, among other identities/experiences. Violence experienced in childhood (e.g., familial rejection, bullying) increased trans women’s likelihood of being exposed to a violent social context in young adulthood (e.g., state violence perpetuated by the police, interpersonal violence perpetuated by sexual partners, and community violence perpetuated by society-at-large/the general public), which increased trans women’s HIV vulnerability; once living with HIV trans women were subjected to discursive violence from healthcare providers. These multiple forms of violence have serious consequences for trans women living with HIV’s ongoing social, mental, and physical well-being. The findings suggest that interventions are urgently needed to reduce violence against trans women in childhood and young adulthood, in addition to reducing violence against trans women living with HIV perpetuated by healthcare providers in adulthood, to both proactively and responsively promote their safety, health, and well-being.
A Model for Standardizing Dungeness Crab (Cancer magister) Catch Rates among Traps which Experienced Different Soak Times

The abundance and size frequency distribution (SFD) of Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) within traps varies with soak time. Such bias in catch rates was reduced using a standardization model that corrected for (1) changes in bait effectiveness over time and (2) agonistic interactions between crabs within traps and those attempting entry. The model estimated the entry and exit of crabs based on the results of trapping experiments specifically designed to (1) emphasize the above two processes and (2) estimate escapement rates from traps for crabs of different sizes. Results clearly indicated the importance of these two processes in modifying trap contents over time, and led to the introduction of the term 'virtual catch rate' (VCR), defined as the rate at which crabs would enter a trap if catch rates did not change with increasing soak time. VCRs are not observed in practice except perhaps for very short soak times, but can be estimated from trap samples by incorporating the aforementioned processes into a.
DISRUPTION OF SEXUAL COMMUNICATION IN LASPEYRESIA POMONELLA 1 (CODLING MOTH), GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA 1 (ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH) AND G. PRUNIVORA 1 (LESSER APPLEWORM) WITH HOLLOW FIBER ATTRACTANT SOURCES

Emission of (Z)‐8‐dodecenyl acetate [7% (E) isomer] from hollow fiber dispensers at 0.15 g/ha/day from 1700 points (units of 10 fibers)/ha effects complete disruption of male Grapholitha molesta (Busck) attraction to synthetic lure and virgin females. Attraction of G. prunivora (Walsh) to synthetic lures is also completely disrupted. Emission of (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐o1 at 0.05 g/ha/day from 1700 points/ha effects complete disruption of male Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) attraction to synthetic pheromone, to virgin females and prevents mating with tethered females.
Retrospective forecasting — evaluating performance of stock projections for New England groundfish stocks

Projections are used to explore scenarios for catch advice and rebuilding and are an important tool for sustainably managing fisheries. We tested each projection specification for 12 groundfish stocks in the Northwest Atlantic to identify sources of bias and evaluate techniques for reducing bias. Projections were made from assessments using virtual population analysis (VPA) with 1–7 years of recent data removed from the full time series and were then compared with results from a VPA assessment on the full time series of data. The main source of bias in projections was the assessment model estimates of the numbers at age in the terminal model year + 1 (Na,T+1). Recruitment was responsible for more bias in projections beyond 3 years, when population numbers begin to be dominated by cohorts that were statistically generated. Retrospective analysis was performed and several adjustment factors to reduce bias were tested. Even after adjusting for bias, the remaining bias in projections was non-negligible. The d.