Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Sequence to Sequence Neural Attention Models

Every day millions of developers and programmers push commits to GitHub to ensure their projects are version controlled, reproducible, and remotely accessible. There are nearly 20 million public repositories (collections of source code in the form of projects) on GitHub today, and over 16 million unique users. Users are able to commit additions or changes to their own repositories, as well as the repositories of others. Being able to summarize the key changes a new edit will have on an existing repository can therefore be highly useful to ease and accelerate collaboration. In this work, we use sequence to sequence neural attention models to learn and subsequently generate commit and pull request messages from the actual diffs (changes) in the many git commits made by users. The primary task of this project is code summarization, with the added difficulty that the input sequence is programming language in the form of source code, and the output sequence is natural language (NL). Our model is shown to provide useful messages for a family of programming languages, and provides a useful automatic messaging and summarization service that could be embedded or added to existing version control systems.
Morphological Alterations of Synaptic Mitochondria during Aging

Synaptic junctions, while being well-differentiated areas of the neuronal membrane, are reported to be very dynamic structures capable of consistent morphological rearrangements even in the fully developed adult system. ' During aging, this plastic potential of the synaptic junctions appears to be considerably impaired. Quantitative studies on the morphology of the synaptic junctional areas in old laboratory animals and human beings have shown that the number of synapses decreases while the size of the single contact increases. As a final result of these opposite changes, the total synaptic contact area/pm3 appears to be significantly reduced in the old central nervous system (CNS). 24 Modulation of synaptic morphology is an ongoing physiological and multifactorial proce~s,I . ~-~ thus it is not feasible to single out a unique factor to explain the age-dependent decay in synaptic structural dynamics. In spite of the reliability of this last assumption, a time-related decay of the neuronal metabolism in the old CNS has been proposed as an early deteriorative event that, in turn, may lead to a progressive deafferentiation of the synaptic circuitries. '"-16 Nerve cells and particularly their synaptic terminals need a high and constant energy supply: besides the restoration of the ionic concentration within the cell following the transmission of the nervous impulse, a steady part of the energy produced by the neurone is used to maintain the internal household of the cell including genesis and transportation of organelles to synaptic terminals. Conceivably, any impairment in the actual and proper energy supply at synaptic regions may play a crucial role in derangements of cell-to-cell information processing due to age. With these concepts in mind, the aim of the present study was a computerassisted morphometric study on the ultrastructural features of synaptic mitochondria of different ages and in old animals chronically treated with Hydergine, a pharmacon known to improve nerve cell m e t a b o l i ~ m ~ ~ J ~ and reported to exert its action at nerve terminals.1y. 2"
SPECIFIC INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING CAN IMPROVE THE OVERALL FUNCTIONALITY OF THE INSPIRATORY MUSCLES AND CONTIBUTES TO REDUCTION OF RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION: Specifi c inspiratory muscle training (IMT) can improve the function of the inspiratory muscles. POWERBreathe Kinect Series (POWERBreatheInt. Ltd, UK) is a recently developed IMT device that applies a variable resistance provided by an electronically controlled valve (variable fl ow resistive load). In contrast to the traditionally applied threshold loading, this variable fl ow resistive load is specifi cally challenging for the inspiratory muscles at higher lung volumes, and may lead to larger training eff ects. Discussion: Th e aim of this article was to summarise the basic facts and evidence based knowledge about IMT with variable resistance for the most relevant indications and to discuss these results in the context of current literature for the group of neuromuscular diseases and the group of obstructive lung diseases as well as current knowledge on „weaning“ from invasive mechanical ventilation in the context of physical activity. Results of the meta analysis done by Ferreira et al, showed that specifi c IMT improved the strength of respiratory muscles and ventilatory function, and should be an adjunct to rehabilitation of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. A recent study done by Gosselink et al reported that a group of subjects who trained at 80% intensity of MIP experienced increased vital capacity and total lung capacity but it has it has it’s SPECIFIC INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING CAN IMPROVE THE OVERALL FUNCTIONALITY OF THE INSPIRATORY MUSCLES AND CONTIBUTES TO REDUCTION OF RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS MONIKA JERUC TANŠEK, dipl.fi ziot. University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Slovenia PHYSIOTHERAPIA CROATICA 2016: 14 (Suppl. 1) 65 limitations. Several studies also confi rmed that daily intermittent inspiratory loading with six to eight contractions repeated in three to four series at moderate to high intensity was safe, it improved inspiratory muscle strength and weaning success in patients with diffi cult weaning. Studies have shown that threshold loading might be less optimal compared with (electronic) tapered fl ow-resistive loading. Conclusion: Specifi c IMT is safe and eff ective for inidividuals with diff erent diseases. Th e studies and researches indicated that some adjustment have to be taken into consideration for each group of patients. In addition, inspiratory muscle training is expected to reduce the risk of respiratory complications. when training patients with IMT in a clinical setting, therapists should be actively engaged to emphasize the correct training pattern.
Peptide YY regulates bone turnover in rodents.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) are members of the neuropeptide Y peptide family. The neuropeptide Y receptor signaling pathway has been implicated in a number of physiologic processes, including the regulation of energy balance and bone mass. To investigate the contribution of endogenous PYY and PPY to these processes, we generated both Pyy- and Ppy-deficient mice. METHODS Pyy(-/-) and Ppy(-/-) mice and their respective wild-type littermates were studied from 8 weeks to 9 months of age. Food intake, metabolic parameters, and locomotor activity were monitored using indirect calorimetry. Body composition and bone parameters were analyzed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, histomorphometry, and vertebral compression testing. RESULTS Studies in these mice showed an osteopenic phenotype specific to the Pyy-deficient line, which included a reduction in trabecular bone mass and a functional deficit in bone strength. Furthermore, female Pyy(-/-) mice showed a greater sensitivity to ovariectomy-induced bone loss compared with wild-type littermates. No food intake or metabolic phenotype was apparent in male or female Pyy(-/-) mice on standard chow. However, female Pyy(-/-) mice on a high-fat diet showed a greater propensity to gain body weight and adiposity. No metabolic or osteopenic phenotype was observed in Ppy-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that endogenous PYY plays a critical role in regulating bone mass. In comparison, its role in regulating body weight is minor and is confined to situations of high-fat feeding.
Physical Limitations Contribute to Food Insecurity and the Food Insecurity–Obesity Paradox in Older Adults at Senior Centers in Georgia

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of obesity and physical limitations with food insecurity among Georgians participating in the Older Americans Act (OAA) congregate meal-site program (N = 621, median age = 76 years, 83% female, 36% Black, and 64% White, convenience sample). Food insecurity was assessed using the modified 6-item US Household Food Security Survey Module; obesity was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) class I or II obesity; and physical limitations (arthritis, joint pain, poor physical function, weight-related disability) were based on the Disablement Process. A series of multivariate logistic regression models found weight-related disability and obesity (WC class II) may be potential risk factors for food insecurity. Thus, obesity and weight-related disability may be risk factors to consider when assessing the risk of food insecurity and the need for food assistance in this vulnerable subgroup of older adults.
Estudo bioético da informação do diagnóstico do HPV em uma amostra de mulheres no Distrito Federal

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar, a luz da bioetica, como e dada a primeira informacao sobre o diagnostico do HPV as pacientes, a reacao das mesmas e a evolucao do respectivo processo emocional. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionario composto de onze perguntas objetivas para 50 pacientes do sexo feminino com HPV, da secretaria de saude do Distrito Federal. Os resultados mostraram que 86% da amostra consideraram a primeira informacao que receberam sobre o diagnostico do HPV negativa. O sentimento despertado no momento do diagnostico foi de medo em 74% das pacientes. O desconforto ocasionado por esse sentimento foi bastante em 68% delas e, no momento atual, incomoda bastante 26% das entrevistadas. A qualidade de vida foi influenciada bastante em 46% e hoje influencia bastante 24% das pesquisadas. O sentimento da paciente em relacao ao parceiro foi de revolta em 38% no momento do diagnostico e a vida sexual nao sofreu grandes alteracoes.
Centenarians’ “Holy” Memory: Is Being Positive Enough?

ABSTRACT The authors compared 18 centenarians' (M age = 100.1 years, SD = 1.8 years) recognition memory for emotional (positive, negative, and religious) pictures with 18 older adults (M age = 75.2 years, SD = 6.8 years). Participants observed a series of images that varied in emotional valence and meaning and were later asked to discriminate between old and new images in a series of pictures that included studied images as well as new images. Centenarians showed decreased recognition memory for positive and negative images items compared with older adults, F(1, 34) = 9.82, p < . 01. In addition, a significant age by valence interaction was observed highlighting how centenarians remembered religious pictures better while older adults favoured positive information when only positive pictures were taken into consideration. Results are interpreted in terms of possible age-linked changes in meaningful goals that lead centenarians to focus on meaningful religious self-relevant information rather than simply on positive information.
Minimally Invasive Spine Osteosynthesis (MISO) Technique for FracturesSpine: A Case Series 14 Cases

Background: The choice of treatment of dorso-lumbar spinal fractures in the absence of neurological deficit depends on the classification and severity of injury. In the conventional open approach with posterior pedicle screw fixation, detachment of the Para spinal muscles may be required. In addition, this open approach may be disadvantaged by prolonged operative time, increased intraoperative bleeding and delayed functional rehabilitation. All these problems appear to encourage orthopedic surgeons to limit secondary iatrogenic insult in these patients by mini open surgery. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of minimally invasive treatment of dorsolumbar fractures by mini open surgical pedicle screw fixation and to discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of this procedure. Patients and methods: This is a prospective study involves 14 Patients (10 males) treated and followed between Feb. 2010 to Feb 2014. All had acute traumatic single level dorso-lumbar spine fractures, age range 17-47 years (mean 30.1 ± 7.9 yrs). Patients with pathological fractures, neurological injury, anatomical variations of the cord or vertebrae, mental illness, significant surgical contraindications, osteoporosis, refusing to sign informed consent and those with (TLICS) score ≤4 or load sharing score ≥7 were excluded from the study. All the cases had been treated by minimal invasive posterior approach. Total of 56 screws and 28 rods were applied utilizing the conventional posterior instrumentation. Results: Mean post-operative hospital stay 3.8 days. No major complications as spinal cord, nerve root or blood vessel injuries occurred. No screws were broken and just two screws were malpositioned. All patients improved clinically, and the outcome (according to modified MacNab criteria) was considered excellent in six patients, good in seven, and poor in one patient. Conclusion: Mini open surgery for posterior pedicle screws fixation has attracting increasing attention as it brings a multitude of advantages including: less bleeding, lower incidence of postoperative intractable low back pain and reduced hospitalization stay. However; some shortcomings as limited indications, unsuitability for long segment fusion and high load-sharing score patients restricts its worldwide prevalence.
Mutual coupling effects on the channel capacity and the space-time processing of MIMO communication systems

The channel capacity and the performance of MIMO systems in the presence of fading correlation and antenna coupling are investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that mutual coupling can improve the performance depending on the inter-element spacing and the richness of scattering. It is shown the bit error rate performance of spatial multiplexing is particularly influenced by the decorrelation/correlation effect caused by mutual coupling. On the other hand, the bit error rate performance of transmit diversity is mainly affected by the resulting modification of antenna gain and received power.
The Dependence of Transport AC Loss on Temperature and DC Parallel Magnetic Field in an Eight-Strand YBCO Roebel Cable

We measure transport ac losses in an 8/2 (eight 2-mm-wide strands) YBCO Roebel cable at 77 and 65 K without dc parallel magnetic field, and at 77 K under dc parallel magnetic fields of 0-1.5 T. The transport ac loss in the Roebel cable scales with temperature and dc parallel magnetic field as the square of the cable's critical current.
MicroRNA-mediated regulation of p21 and TASK1 cellular restriction factors enhances HIV-1 infection

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non‐coding RNAs that play a central role in the regulation of gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. Several studies have revealed alterations in cellular miRNA profiles following HIV‐1 infection, mostly for miRNAs involved in inhibiting viral infection. These miRNA expression modifications might also serve to block the innate HIV‐1 inhibition mechanism. As a result, it is expected that during HIV‐1 infection miRNAs target genes that hinder or prevent the progression of the HIV‐1 replication cycle. One of the major sets of genes known to inhibit the progression of HIV‐1 infection are cellular restriction factors. In this study, we identified a direct miRNA target gene that modulates viral spread in T‐lymphocytes and HeLa‐CCR5 cell lines. Following infection, let‐7c, miR‐34a or miR‐124a were upregulated, and they targeted and downregulated p21 and TASK1 (also known as CDKN1A and KCNK3, respectively) cellular proteins. This eventually led to increased virion release and higher copy number of viral genome transcripts in infected cells. Conversely, by downregulating these miRNAs, we could suppress viral replication and spread. Our data suggest that HIV‐1 exploits the host miRNA cellular systems in order to block the innate inhibition mechanism, allowing a more efficient infection process.
Critical dynamics in population vaccinating behavior

Significance Complex adaptive systems exhibit characteristic dynamics near tipping points such as critical slowing down (declining resilience to perturbations). We studied Twitter and Google search data about measles from California and the United States before and after the 2014–2015 Disneyland, California measles outbreak. We find critical slowing down starting a few years before the outbreak. However, population response to the outbreak causes resilience to increase afterward. A mathematical model of measles transmission and population vaccine sentiment predicts the same patterns. Crucially, critical slowing down begins long before a system actually reaches a tipping point. Thus, it may be possible to develop analytical tools to detect populations at heightened risk of a future episode of widespread vaccine refusal. Vaccine refusal can lead to renewed outbreaks of previously eliminated diseases and even delay global eradication. Vaccinating decisions exemplify a complex, coupled system where vaccinating behavior and disease dynamics influence one another. Such systems often exhibit critical phenomena—special dynamics close to a tipping point leading to a new dynamical regime. For instance, critical slowing down (declining rate of recovery from small perturbations) may emerge as a tipping point is approached. Here, we collected and geocoded tweets about measles–mumps–rubella vaccine and classified their sentiment using machine-learning algorithms. We also extracted data on measles-related Google searches. We find critical slowing down in the data at the level of California and the United States in the years before and after the 2014–2015 Disneyland, California measles outbreak. Critical slowing down starts growing appreciably several years before the Disneyland outbreak as vaccine uptake declines and the population approaches the tipping point. However, due to the adaptive nature of coupled behavior–disease systems, the population responds to the outbreak by moving away from the tipping point, causing “critical speeding up” whereby resilience to perturbations increases. A mathematical model of measles transmission and vaccine sentiment predicts the same qualitative patterns in the neighborhood of a tipping point to greatly reduced vaccine uptake and large epidemics. These results support the hypothesis that population vaccinating behavior near the disease elimination threshold is a critical phenomenon. Developing new analytical tools to detect these patterns in digital social data might help us identify populations at heightened risk of widespread vaccine refusal.
Sub‐miniature end‐plate potentials at untreated frog neuromuscular junctions.

1. Some properties of unusually small spontaneous miniature end‐plate potentials (sub‐min.e.p.p.s) at untreated end‐plates of adult frogs have been examined. 2. These small potentials, which show a fast time course, add a highly skewed component to the normal Gaussian distribution of min.e. p.p. amplitudes. 3. Sub‐min.e. p.p.s were not evoked by single nerve stimuli, though their frequency could be raised by tetanic nerve stimulation. 4. When min.e. p.p. rate was raised by addition of lanthanum, submin.e. p.p. frequency was also increased, though by a smaller factor than normal min.e. p.p.s. In contrast, sub‐min.e. p.p. frequency was unchanged when min.e. p.p. rates were raised by either ethanol or hypertonic solutions.
Management of the ocular surface and tear film before, during, and after laser in situ keratomileusis.

PURPOSE To identify evidence-based, best practice strategies for managing the ocular surface and tear film before, during, and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS After a comprehensive review of relevant published literature, evidence-based recommendations for best practice management strategies are presented. RESULTS Symptoms of ocular irritation and signs of dysfunction of the integrated lacrimal gland/ocular surface functional gland unit are common before and after LASIK. The status of the ocular surface and tear film before LASIK can impact surgical outcomes in terms of potential complications during and after surgery, refractive outcome, optical quality, patient satisfaction, and the severity and duration of dry eye after LASIK. Before LASIK, the health of the ocular surface should be optimized and patients selected appropriately. Dry eye before surgery and female gender are risk factors for developing chronic dry eye after LASIK. Management of the ocular surface during LASIK can minimize ocular surface damage and the risk of adverse outcomes. Long-term management of the tear film and ocular surface after LASIK can reduce the severity and duration of dry eye symptoms and signs. CONCLUSIONS Strategies to manage the integrated ocular surface/lacrimal gland functional unit before, during, and after LASIK can optimize outcomes. As problems with the ocular surface and tear film are relatively common, attention should focus on the use and improvement of evidence-based management strategies.
Speech intelligibility measures for speech enhancement under nonstationary acoustic noise

This paper presents the study of four objective intelligibility measures to evaluate the performance of speech enhancement techniques. The objective measures have high correlation with the speech intelligibility rates obtained in subjective listening tests. Four noise reduction algorithms are applied to enhance the speech signals corrupted by real highly nonstationary acoustic noises. The results show that, for most of the noise conditions, the best intelligibility results are obtained by the speech enhancement technique based on the empirical mode decomposition. Moreover, the Wiener filtering based technique also achieves interesting intelligibility gain for the highly nonstationary noises.
HIV infection may adversely affect clinical response to chloroquine therapy for uncomplicated malaria in children.

A report has noted that despite increasing resistance chloroquine remains the first-line therapy for malaria in most African countries. Impaired immunity resulting from HIV infection could lead to a decreased response to chloroquine rendering this relatively safe and inexpensive antimalarial agent ineffective. This paper presents a study that assessed the clinical response to chloroquine therapy among HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. It is a secondary analysis entailing retrospective HIV-1 antibody testing of stored blood specimens from patients who received standard chloroquine therapy (25 mg/kg). The subjects were participants of two completed studies conducted at Old Mulago Hill dispensary in Kampala Uganda. Overall data results suggest that treatment of falciparum malaria with chloroquine may be less effective among HIV-positive children under 5 years of age compared with HIV-negative children but should be confirmed in larger studies.
Scavenger Species‐typical Alteration to Bone: Using Bite Mark Dimensions to Identify Scavengers

Scavenger‐induced alteration to bone occurs while scavengers access soft tissue and during the scattering and re‐scavenging of skeletal remains. Using bite mark, dimensional data to assist in the more accurate identification of a scavenger can improve interpretations of trauma and enhance search and recovery methods. This study analyzed bite marks produced on both dry and fresh surface deposited remains by wild and captive red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Eurasian badger (Meles meles), as well as domestic dog (Canis familiaris). The bite marks produced by foxes were distinguishable from those made by badgers and dogs based on ranges of mean length and breadth of pits. The dimensional data of bite marks produced by badgers and dogs were less discernible. Bone modifications vary due to a variety of factors which must be considered, such as scavenger species‐typical scavenging behavior, scavenger species' dentition, condition and deposition of remains, and environmental factors.