Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
4‐Hydroxytamoxifen attenuates methamphetamine‐induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity in intact and gonadetomized mice

The present study was undertaken to assess the ability of 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (4‐OHT) to alter methamphetamine‐induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic toxicity. Three daily doses of 4‐OHT (6 µg/day) effectively attenuated methamphetamine‐induced nigrostriatal dopamine depletions in both sexes of intact and gonadectomized C57BL/6 J mice. 4‐OHT alone did not alter the dopamine content levels in the striatum. Both male and female mice exhibited similar Cu, Zn‐superoxide dismutase protein levels in the striata whether after gonadectomy or 4‐OHT treatment. Furthermore, basal body temperature and methamphetamine‐induced hyperthermia were not affected by 4‐OHT treatment in either sex of mice. Using a lucigenen‐derived chemiluminescence assay, we found that 4‐OHT by itself can serve as a potent superoxide anion radical scavenger in vitro. The protective effects of 4‐OHT against methamphetamine‐induced nigrostriatal dopamine depletion can be, in part, due to its antioxidative characteristics. The free radical‐scavenging ability of 4‐OHT calls for further investigations for its uses in clinical practice.
An Analysis of the Most Adopted Rating Systems for Assessing the Environmental Impact of Buildings

Rating systems for assessing the environmental impact of buildings are technical instruments that aim to evaluate the environmental impact of buildings and construction projects. In some cases, these rating systems can also cover urban-scale projects, community projects, and infrastructures. These schemes are designed to assist project management in making the projects more sustainable by providing frameworks with precise criteria for assessing the various aspects of a building’s environmental impact. Given the growing interest in sustainable development worldwide, many rating systems for assessing the environmental impact of buildings have been established in recent years, each one with its peculiarities and fields of applicability. The present work is motivated by an interest in emphasizing such differences to better understand these rating systems and extract the main implications to building design. It also attempts to summarize in a user-friendly form the vast and fragmented assortment of information that is available today. The analysis focuses on the six main rating systems: the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology (BREEAM), the Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE), the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB), the Haute Qualite Environnementale (HQETM), the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), and the Sustainable Building Tool (SBTool).
The Burden of Mental Illness and Addiction in Ontario

Objective: Public Health Ontario and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences have collaborated to estimate the burden of illness attributable to mental disorder and addictions in Ontario. Methods: Health-adjusted life years were used to estimate burden. It is conceptually similar to disability-adjusted life years that were used in the global burden of disease studies. Data sources for the mental illnesses and addictions used in our study included health administrative data for the province of Ontario, survey data from Statistics Canada and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, vital statistics data from the Ontario Office of the Registrar General, and US epidemiologic survey data. Results: The 5 conditions with the highest burden are: major depression, bipolar affective disorder, alcohol use disorders (AUDs), social phobia, and schizophrenia. The burden of depression is double the next highest mental health condition (that is, bipolar affective disorder) and is more than the combined burden of the 4 most common cancers in Ontario. AUDs were the only disease group that had a substantial proportion of burden attributable to early death. The burden estimates for the other conditions were primarily due to disability. Conclusions: The burden of these conditions in Ontario is as large or larger than other conditions, such as cancer and infectious diseases, owing in large part to the high prevalence, chronicity, and age of onset for most mental disorders and addiction problems. The findings serve as an important baseline for future evaluation of interventions intended to address the burden of mental health and addictions.
Relationship of depression, anxiety, and obsessionality to state of illness in anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE Depression, anxiety, and obsessionality frequently are present in underweight, malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa. It is less certain if these symptoms persist after recovery. Thus, we assessed these symptoms in anorexic women at three states of illness (underweight, short-term weight restored, and long-term weight restored) in comparison to a group of healthy women. METHOD We used standardized self- and trained rater instruments to assess depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), and obsessions and compulsions (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale). RESULTS A similar pattern was found for all symptoms. That is; scores for depression, anxiety, and obsessionality were most elevated in the underweight state. These symptoms improved with weight restoration. However, milder but significantly elevated symptoms persisted in long-term weight-restored anorexic women compared to healthy control women. DISCUSSION These data suggest that malnutrition intensifies the severity of depression, anxiety, and obsessionality in anorexia nervosa. However, the fact that mild to moderate symptoms persisted after long-term weight restoration raises the possibility that such behaviors are related to the pathogenesis of this illness.
Antiviral treatment for patients hospitalized with severe influenza infection may affect clinical outcomes.

cause it potentially affects the duration of patient isolation. The duration of colonization may impact patient-to-patient transmission during the index hospitalization in which patients with ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae colonization were identified, as well as patient-to-patient transmission during future hospitalizations [6]. The significant association between outpatient antibiotic exposure and prolonged duration of stool colonization suggests the need for ongoing antimicrobial stewardship to help in limiting the emergence of hospitaland community-associated infections due to ESBLproducing microorganisms.
Development of a DNA‐Based Macroarray for the Detection and Identification of Amanita Species

Abstract: A DNA‐based macroarray was designed to quickly and accurately identify certain Amanita mushroom specimens at the species level. The macroarray included probes for Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata, toxic species responsible for most mushroom poisonings, and Amanita lanei and Amanita velosa, edible species sometimes confused with toxic species, based on sequences of the highly variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. A cryptic species related to A. ocreata and one related to A. lanei, identifiable by ITS sequences, were also included. Specific multiple oligonucleotide probes were spotted onto nylon membranes and the optimal hybridization temperatures were determined. The Amanita DNA array was highly specific, sensitive (0.5 ng DNA/μL and higher were detected), and reproducible. In two case studies, the method proved useful when only small amounts of mushroom tissue remained after a suspected poisoning. An identification could be completed in 12 h.
Propuesta de metodología para mejorar la confiabilidad de los alimentadores primarios aéreos de la zona urbana de Ambato

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal proponer la metodologia para elaborar estudios de contingencia, determinar soluciones y plantear un plan de maniobras frente a casos de contingencia criticos en el sistema de distribucion, utilizando un software computacional, y con ello aumentar la confiabilidad del sistema de distribucion, tomando como base de estudio los alimentadores primarios aereos de la zona urbana de la ciudad de Ambato, servidos por la Empresa Electrica Ambato S.A. De la simulacion de la red de distribucion se analizan las condiciones electricas de operacion, se determinan los perfiles de voltaje, nivel de carga y perdidas totales para identificar los alimentadores en operacion normal y alerta. Se presenta el plan de maniobras operativas para afrontar las indisponibilidades de servicio, con ejemplos practicos y completos para las contingencias modelo. Se evalua el sistema de protecciones en su configuracion y coordinacion para los elementos de proteccion de la red de distribucion en condiciones normales y para condiciones de transferencia de carga. De los puntos debiles encontrados se presentan las mejoras, considerando la reconfiguracion en la red de distribucion y el aumento del calibre de conductores; adicionalmente se establecen los principales criterios para ubicar nuevos puntos de transferencia. El poseer un plan de operacion frente a contingencias tiene el proposito de disminuir la cantidad de usuarios sin servicio electrico, beneficia a la empresa distribuidora y al cliente. Todo esto, con el objetivo de disminuir los indices de usuarios no suministrados y aumentar los indices de calidad.
Current Production and Metal Oxide Reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Wild Type and Mutants

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe capable of utilizing a broad range of electron acceptors, including several solid substrates. S. oneidensis MR-1 can reduce Mn(IV) and Fe(III) oxides and can produce current in microbial fuel cells. The mechanisms that are employed by S. oneidensis MR-1 to execute these processes have not yet been fully elucidated. Several different S. oneidensis MR-1 deletion mutants were generated and tested for current production and metal oxide reduction. The results showed that a few key cytochromes play a role in all of the processes but that their degrees of participation in each process are very different. Overall, these data suggest a very complex picture of electron transfer to solid and soluble substrates by S. oneidensis MR-1.
Hypertension and microalbuminuria: the new detrimental duo

Excretion of albumin with urine (UAE) in small amounts, i.e. microalbuminuria (MAU), also referred to as “incipient nephropathy”, has long been considered a marker of early nephropathy and increased cardiovascular risk in the specific setting of diabetes mellitus. However, numerous clinical studies found an association between MAU and other cardiovascular risk factors, target organ damage and risk of cardiovascular disease in clinical contexts different from diabetes and including arterial hypertension. The present article reviews the available evidence on the clinical value of MAU in subjects with primary hypertension. In these subjects, prevalence of MAU varied from about 4% to 46% across different studies and these differences may be explained by the huge intra‐individual variability in UAE, discrepancies in the technique of measurement and different definitions of MAU. A direct and continuous association between UAE and blood pressure (BP) has been found in many studies. A continuous association between UAE and left ventricular mass has also been found in most studies. In contrast, it is not yet clear whether the association between UAE and other factors including age, gender, smoking, ethnicity, insulin resistance, lipids and obesity is independent or mediated by confounders, particularly BP. From a prognostic standpoint, several longitudinal studies showed an association between MAU and the risk of future cardiovascular disease. Of particular note, in some of these studies the incidence of major cardiovascular events progressively increased with UAE starting below the conventional MAU thresholds. Thus, besides being a direct risk factor for progressive renal damage, MAU can be considered a marker, which integrates and reflects the long‐term level of activity of several other detrimental factors on cardiovascular system. Antihypertensive treatment reduces UAE and such effect may be detected after just a few days of treatment. Among available antihypertensive drugs, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II receptor antagonists seem to be superior to other antihypertensive drugs in reducing UAE. The dual blockade of the renin–angiotensin system with an ACE inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist is a new and promising approach to control UAE in hypertensive patients. Determination of MAU is recommended in the initial work‐up of subjects with primary hypertension.
The Generalized Quadratic Expenditure System

This chapter presents the indirect preferences for all full rank Gorman and Lewbel demand systems. Each member in this class of demand models is a Generalized Quadratic Expenditure System (GQES). This representation allows applied researchers to choose a small number of price indices and a function of income to specify any exactly aggregable demand system, without the need to revisit the questions of integrability of the demand equations or the implied form and structure of indirect preferences. This characterization also allows for the calculation of exact welfare measures for consumers, either in the aggregate or for specific classes of individuals, and other valuations of interest to applied researchers.
Perioperative fluid and hemodynamic management within an enhanced recovery pathway

Goal‐directed fluid therapy (GDFT) seeks to improve outcomes through individualized optimization of oxygen delivery using IV fluid and vasoactive infusions. Trials of GDFT show clinical benefits over traditional liberal fluid administration, but fail to demonstrate benefits when compared to a restrictive strategy within an optimized enhanced recovery protocol. The ideal monitors, hemodynamic goals, and fluid administration strategy are not well established but may be less important than rational application of thoughtful fluid management strategies.
A transgenic Tbx6;CreERT2 line for inducible gene manipulation in the presomitic mesoderm

The rhythmic segmentation process of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) orchestrates the formation of somites, the fundamental units for the vertebrate axial body plan. To aid the investigation of molecular components governing the conversion from PSM into somites, we generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses a tamoxifen (tmx) inducible CreERT2 under the control of a 2.5 kb enhancer element of Tbx6, a gene essential for PSM formation and somite patterning. Combined with Cre reporters, this Tbx6;CreERT2 line displays robust tmx‐inducible Cre activity in the PSM at various embryonic stages. This tool should be useful for studying gene function during somitogenesis by either conditional inactivation or mis‐expression, and potentially coupled with cell marking. genesis 50:490–495, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adjective ordering in the language of young children: an experimental investigation

ABSTRACT Young children described objects which differed on three simultaneous dimensions, using adjective combinations appropriate to the dimensions. Three- and 6-year-olds displayed significant ordering preferences for these adjectives, which agreed with the ordering preferences of adults in the same task. Four- and 5-year-olds were less constrained in their adjective ordering, although descriptive competence with the adjectives improved greatly at age five. In a comprehension task, the children located the objects from verbal descriptions which used the same adjectives. Neither latency nor accuracy of comprehension was affected by the order of adjectives in the description at any age. The children also reproduced the adjectives in different orders; the few errors which occurred were unrelated to adjective order.
Stroke or transient ischemic attacks with basilar artery stenosis or occlusion: clinical patterns and outcome.

BACKGROUND Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is associated with a high mortality rate, although cases with spontaneous favorable outcomes have recently been reported, and basilar artery stenosis (BAS) has received little consideration until now. OBJECTIVE To study the prognostic clinical factors by testing numerous combinations of admission status characteristics of patients with brain ischemia caused by BAO or BAS. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review from the Lausanne Stroke Registry (group 1) of patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack caused by BAS less than 50% or BAO as diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography who were not treated by thrombolysis. Neurologic findings on admission were correlated with outcomes. We compared clinical patterns associated with poor outcomes in group 1 with those in patients with stroke who died from BAO or BAS (confirmed at autopsy) (group 2). RESULTS Eighty-eight patients were studied. The outcomes of patients with stroke in group 1 (35/43) was poor (severe disability or death) in 54% of cases. A statistical analysis revealed that 4 factors-dysarthria, pupillary disorders, lower cranial nerve involvement, and consciousness disorders on admission-were strongly (P<.001) associated with poor outcomes. The multivariate analysis showed that the outcome was poor in 100% of cases in which consciousness disorders or the combination of the remaining 3 factors were present, whereas in the absence of these factors, a poor outcome was reported in only 11%. In 87% of the 45 patients with stroke in group 2, the same clinical patterns were present on admission. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of BAS greater than 50% or BAO is diverse and certain clinical characteristics seem to predict a lower risk of poor outcome. Their presence may help to decide the most suitable therapy.
Evaluation of the Sensitivities of DNA Extraction and PCR Methods for Detection of Giardia duodenalis in Stool Specimens

ABSTRACT Sensitivities of DNA extraction methods and PCR methods for Giardia duodenalis were evaluated. A combination of the most sensitive methods, i.e., FTA filter paper and a PCR protocol using RH11/RH4 and GiarF/GiarR primers, showed no significant differences compared to immunofluorescence assay in terms of their sensitivities and specificities.
Pathogenesis of Human Metapneumovirus Lung Infection in BALB/c Mice and Cotton Rats

ABSTRACT Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly described member of the Paramyxoviridae family causing acute respiratory tract infections, especially in young children. We studied the pathogenesis of this viral infection in two experimental small animal models (BALB/c mice and cotton rats). Significant viral replication in the lungs of both animals was found following an intranasal challenge of 108 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) and persisted for <2 and <3 weeks in the case of cotton rats and mice, respectively. Peak viral loads were found on day 5 postinfection in both mice (mean of 1.92 × 107 TCID50/g lung) and cotton rats (mean of 1.03 × 105 TCID50/g). Clinical symptoms consisting of breathing difficulties, ruffled fur, and weight loss were noted in mice only around the time of peak viral replication. Most significant pulmonary inflammatory changes and peak expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, gamma interferon, and RANTES occurred at the time of maximal viral replication (day 5) in both models. Cellular infiltration occurred predominantly around and within alveoli and persisted for at least 21 days in mice, whereas it was more limited in time with more peribronchiolitis in cotton rats. Both animal models would be of great value in evaluating different therapeutic agents, as well as vaccine candidates against hMPV.
A computational foundation for affective analysis of social images

Social image is an image in social networks, which has two characters: the image itself and its social environment. We build a computational foundation for affective analysis of social images from these two aspects. From the aspect of the image itself, inspired by the appraisal theories of emotions in psychology, we adopt the aesthetic effects as the middle layer to investigate the mental processes underlying the elicitation of emotions. From the aspect of its social environment, we explore the correlations between social attributes and visual features of images. Experiments on 1.2 million Flickr images show that distributions of aesthetic effects are different for various emotional categories, which displays some tendencies. And social related phenomena are social images specific. For example, color features between friends' images are similar, especially in a time period; and images in a group tend to have the similar features, which implies some kinds of interest aggregation. Based on the observations and conclusions, we also develop two useful prototype applications demonstrating the practical applicability of our findings.
Effect of Sustained Elevated Gastric pH Levels on Gefitinib Exposure

This open‐label, randomized, phase 1 crossover study investigated the effect of elevated gastric pH level (>5) on the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. Healthy male volunteers (n = 26) were randomized to gefitinib 250 mg (fasted), either alone on day 1 (unmodified gastric pH) or 1 hour following the second of 2 oral doses of the H2‐receptor antagonist ranitidine 450 mg (elevated gastric pH). After a 3‐week washout period, volunteers crossed to the other treatment. The geometric least‐squares (GLS) mean AUC0–∞ and Cmax for gefitinib were reduced by 47% and 71%, respectively, under conditions of sustained elevated gastric pH; for both parameters, the 90%CI for the ratio of the GLS means lay below the prespecified lower limit. Median tmax was delayed from 5 to 6 hours. Mean t1/2 was similar under both gastric pH conditions. No serious adverse events were reported. The bioavailability of a single oral gefitinib 250‐mg dose was reduced by approximately 50% when gefitinib was administered under conditions of sustained elevated gastric pH.