Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Menke’s reconstruction of Benjamin’s law, his tragic aporia and recognition

Benjamin’s Critique of Violence (1921) has been a relevant source of legal and political philosophy about the nature of law, from Derrida to Menke. In this article, we rebuild the reading of Benjamin’s Critique proposed by Menke and consider the appropriateness of violence in the law not as a tragic tension, but as a condition for its reproduction. Finally, we will consider its paradoxical nature as a confirmation of the difference between the force of law and social-normative elements such as recognition [Anerkennung].
Effects of polluted sea-spray on leaves of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. and Eucalyptus gomphocephala Dc. in Tunisian coast.

Un deperissement de la vegetation cotiere du Cap Bon en Tunisie est observable depuis ces deux dernieres decennies. En de nombreux points de la cote, les peuplements d'Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. et d'Eucalyptus gomphocephala Dc. sont touches. Les feuilles des arbres deperissants presentent une reduction marquee de leur teneur relative en eau par rapport a celle des feuilles saines, avec des alterations de leur surface au niveau des cires epicuticulaires. Ces deperissements sont lies a la presence recente dans les embruns marins de plusieurs polluants comme des tensioactifs anioniques. Les resultats d'experiences en laboratoire confirment l'hypothese que lorsque les embruns marins contiennent des tensioactifs et des hydrocarbures, ils ont alors un impact tres important sur les feuilles avec en particulier une alteration de la cuticule. En effet les ions Na + ,Cl - et les polluants presents dans les embruns peuvent alors franchir largement la barriere cuticulaire et exercer leurs effets nefastes sur les tissus foliaires.
Análisis de la relación entre habilidades cognitivas e hipoacusia sensorial severa unilateral

espanolObjetivo Analizar la asociacion de competencias cognitivas en sujetos con hipoacusia unilateral severa versus sujetos con audicion normal. Metodos Participaron 40 adultos; 20 pacientes, 10 de cada genero, con hipoacusia unilateral sensorial severa y 20 sujetos sanos pareados al grupo de estudio. Las habilidades cognitivas se midieron con la bateria Woodcock Munoz-revisada y los procesos centrales auditivos con pruebas psicoacusticas monoaurales. Se realizaron graficas de caja y prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas con significacion p ≤ 0,05. Resultados Al comparar el desempeno en las pruebas palabra filtrada y bisilabos comprimidos, se encontro diferencia estadisticamente significativa p ≤ 0,05, con mayor variabilidad de respuesta en los hipoacusicos, los cuales tambien tuvieron mejor desempeno cognitivo en las subpruebas inversion de numeros, aprendizaje visual auditivo, analisis y sintesis, formacion de conceptos y palabras incompletas. Conclusiones Los hipoacusicos presentaron bajo desempeno en palabra filtrada y bisilabos comprimidos, y mayor habilidad para memoria, razonamiento y procesamiento auditivo. Es importante realizar pruebas complementarias, tales como procesos centrales auditivos y habilidades cognitivas que permitan establecer estrategias de habilitacion, rehabilitacion y terapeuticas con la finalidad de optimizar y estimular las habilidades de los sujetos con hipoacusia unilateral. EnglishObjective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with severe unilateral hearing loss versus those in subjects with normal hearing. Methods 40 adults participated: 20 patients (10 women and 10 men) with severe unilateral hearing loss and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group. Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery-Revised; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests. Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤. 05. Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time-compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference (P≤.05) with greater variability among responses by hearing impaired subjects. This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed, visual auditory learning, analysis synthesis, concept formation, and incomplete words tests. Conclusions Patients with hearing loss performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time-compressed disyllabic word tests, but more competently on memory, reasoning, and auditory processing tasks. Complementary tests, such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests, are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with unilateral hearing impairment.
Study on trichothecenes, zearalenone and ochratoxin A in Finnish cereals : occurrence and analytical techniques

Aims of this study were to improve and develop analytical methods for trichothecenes, ochratoxin A (OA) and zearalenone (ZEN) analysis in cereals, and to survey the presence and amounts of trichothecenes, ZEN and OA in Finnish cereals after a growing season with severe mould infection of cereals. Cereal samples, mainly rye and wheat, harvested in 1998 were analysed for the mycotoxins of interest and although heavy Fusarium mould infection was detected on the kernels, especially in the case of rye, the amounts of trichothecenes and ZEN were very low. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was the trichothecene most often detected, but the most toxic T-2 and HT-2 toxins were also occasionally observed. ZEN was found only in a few samples and in low amounts and OA was not detected in any of the samples analysed. Fusarium avenaceum was the mould strain most frequently isolated. The analytical methods used (gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection or electron capture detection; GC-MS, GC-ECD, and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection; HPLC) were reliable and had relatively low detection limits. However, during the course of this investigation and an intercomparison study of trichothecenes analysis (EU-project, SMT-4-CT96-2047), relatively high variation in the trichothecenes results was observed. The main sources of variation in the trichothecenes analysis were studied and were identified as between-day changes in performance of GC-MS, matrix effects and incomplete derivatisation reaction. The GC-ECD method had less day-to-day variation, but the matrix effect and the problems in derivatisation were similar. By using cereal matrix-assisted calibration, internal standard, Constant Standard with GC-MS and GC standard with GC-ECD to control the functioning of the instruments and effective derivatisation reagent, some of the variation could be eliminated, which further assisted in the evaluation of the trichothecenes results. The use of immunoaffinity column purification prior to the HPLC analysis of OA and ZEN in cereals increased the reliability and specificity over the conventional methods and automation of the clean-up step by applying ASPEC (automated solid phase extraction) further facilitated the methods. This study enhanced the status of information on the occurrence and the concentration levels of trichothecenes, ZEN and OA in Finnish cereals in relation to Fusarium moulds. Due to the low concentration levels the adverse health effects caused by the mycotoxins of interest were almost negligible in 1998. Valuable knowledge was generated concerning in the method performance of trichothecenes analysis. In comparison to the analytical techniques previously applied, this investigation resulted in significant improvement of the methods, updating them to the international level currently prevailing in leading mycotoxin laboratories. ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ 43226_EELLAN_vaitoskir_sisus_mb 25.3. 2002, 16:06 8 9 Mari Eskola, Academic Dissertation
Abstracts

’The Small Firm and the Local Labour Market: Some Preliminary Findings’, J. Atkinson, N. Meager and A. Wilson, Institute of Manpower Studies. Paper presented to the fifth ESRC Small Business Initiative Meeting, England, January, 1991. HEREAS PREVIOUS RESEARCHERS have focused on how well small firms serve the labour market, particularly on job generation (e.g. Storey and Johnson, 1987), Atkinson et al asks: &dquo;How well does the labour market serve the small firm? &dquo; Specifically, the authors are concerned with the following questions: (1) Under what conditions does the small firm enter and interact with the
Song development in the zebra finch and other estrildid finches

Root crop cleaning apparatus including a pair of adjacent, counterrotating cleaning rolls arranged in root crop receiving relation, one of the rolls being formed by a plurality of resilient disks mounted on a shaft and maintained at equal axial distances by means of smaller diameter spacers interposed between each adjacent pair of resilient disks, and the other roll being formed by a plurality of axially extending rods connected to a shaft at equal radial distances from the shaft and at equal circumferential distances from each other, the resilient disks on the one roll being yieldable axially and cooperable with the axially extending gaps between the rods on the other roll to permit rocks and other foreign objects to pass between the rolls without causing damage to the apparatus.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN FACTORS INFLUENCING FIRE TRENDS IN ENSO AND NON-ENSO YEARS IN TROPICAL MEXICO

Tropical and subtropical areas present the vast majority of contemporary global fires. Despite the human origin of most of these fires, little is known of how environmental and socioeconomic variables contribute to the spatial patterns of fire incidence and burned areas. The tropical Mexican State of Chiapas represents a good case study to analyze these interactions, due to the availability of official data, and its similarities to other tropical countries, in terms of environmental and socioeconomic characteristics. This study evaluates the relative importance of human-related and environmental variables in determining the distribution of the number of fires and area burned in the tropical State of Chiapas in years of normal and extreme climatic conditions (non-El Nino vs. El Nino). We have searched for causal relationships among fire, environmental, and socioeconomic variables in Chiapas using path analysis. Results of this study show a major importance of environmental variables in non-El Nino years, s.
Improving Network Performance by Enabling Device-to-Device Communication over Heterogeneous Networks

An overview of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication systems and the various roles of D2D in nextgeneration networks are presented in this paper. D2D communication will be the preferred choice of operators in the future, for its ability to improve the performance of the network without investing excessive resources in the base station (BS). Various configurations of D2D communication can be applied in the network to enhance the quality of service (QoS) in order to meet user requirements. The model presented in this paper can be used to test the connection quality of the mobile stations in various scenarios when they are communicating directly without the intervention of BS. Results have been collected for mobile stations with and without D2D communication and improvement has been observed when mobile stations are using D2D communication, compared to normal operation without any D2D communication available. The results showed that D2D communication could be used not only to meet the demands of users but also in order to expand the coverage area of the base station where either received signal strength is low or blind spots exist in the region.
Genetic variability in Irish populations of the invasive zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha: discordant estimates of population differentiation from allozymes and microsatellites

SUMMARY 1. The recent arrival and explosive spread of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), in Ireland provided a rare opportunity to study the population genetics of an invasive species. 2. Eight polymorphic allozyme loci (ACO-1, ACO-2, EST-D, GPI, IDH-2, MDH, OPDH and PGM) were used to investigate genetic diversity and population structure in five Irish populations, and the results were compared with those from a previous microsatellite study on the same samples. 3. The mean number of alleles per locus (2.7 ± 0.1) was similar to the mean for the same loci in European populations, suggesting that Irish founder populations were large and ⁄or multiple colonization events took place after foundation. A deficiency of heterozygotes was observed in all populations, but was uneven across loci. 4. Pairwise comparisons, using Fisher’s exact tests and FST values, revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations. The overall multilocus FST estimate was 0.118 ± 0.045, which contrasted with an estimate of 0.015 ± 0.007 from five microsatellite loci on the same samples in a previous study. 5. Assuming that microsatellites can be used as a neutral baseline, the discordant results from allozymes and microsatellites suggest that selection may be acting on some allozyme loci, specifically ACO-1, ACO-2, IDH-2 and MDH, which contributed most to the significant differentiation between samples.
Effect of different forage species supplemented with two carbohydrate sources on short and medium chain fatty acids in sheep milk

Abstract Sixty four Sarda dairy sheep fed with diets based on fresh forage were allocated to eight groups to evaluate the effect of corn or beet pulp based supplementation on milk fatty acid composition. Four forage species were compared: annual ryegrass (RY, Lolium rigidum Gaudin), sulla (SU, Hedysarum coronarium L.), burr medic (BM, Medicago polymorpha L.), and garland, a daisy forb, (CH, Chrysanthemum coronarium L.). The supplements were iso-nitrogenous but differed in carbohydrate composition consisting either of 60% (DM) of corn (concentrate C) or 40% sugar beet pulp (concentrate BP). The supplementation was iso-energetic (500 and 530 g/d, respectively). Overall during winter period (growing stage of the forages) SU and RY groups showed higher levels of atherogenicity index and C16:0. In winter period BP outperformed C for palmitic acid. In spring AI showed a trend similar to that of winter. Moreover C concentrate gave a better level of AI and myristic acid than BP. This study confirms that forage species and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrate source in the supplement markedly affect mediumchain FA profile and hence atherogenicity index in sheep milk.
Knowledge of Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes towards Women: A Preliminary Report 1

37 men and 77 women completed the British version of Spence and Helmreich's 1972 Attitudes Towards Women Scale and also generated what they believed were cultural stereotypes of women. The number of stereotypes produced by individuals was positively correlated with scale scores (.43 and .15) for men and women. The most frequently generated stereotypes were also those produced earlier in the respondents’ protocols, indicating that the most generally available stereotypes in the culture are most accessible to respondents.
Cranial deformation in a subadult sample from Değirmentepe (Chalcolithic, Turkey).

Human skeletal remains from the Chalcolithic period of Degirmentepe, Turkey, near the Euphrates River, display artificial cranial deformation of the circular type. Human skeletal remains belonging to 31 individual have been dated to the Chalcolithic period (second half of the fifth millennium BC, uncalibrated). The remains include foetuses, infants, children and juveniles; but no adult skeletons. Either the adults were buried elsewhere or flooding of the Euphrates dragged the adult remains away. Artificial cranial deformation was observed in 13 of the 31 subadults ranging in age from 1 month to 13-14 years. Degirmentepe villagers might have used one or two circular constricting bands with the intent of producing artificial head deformation. As far as Anatolia and the Near Eastern region is concerned, the widespread use of circular head deformation may be an indication of longer-distance trade and more need for ethnic markers.
Evolutionary adaptation of oniscidean isopods to terrestrial life: Structure, physiology and behavior

Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) are the most successful crustacean colonizers of land habitats. From an evolutionary point of view, they are excellent examples of model organisms that have adaptated to terrestrial life. The aquatic-terrestrial branching of the phylogenetic lines of the Oniscidea occurred in the marine littoral zone. The most oniscid species-rich areas are found in the circum-Mediterranean region. Studies on the morphology, physiology, ecology and biogeography of Oniscidea highlight the diversity of the group. They successfully colonized a wide range of terrestrial habitats by solving such ecological and physiological challenges as reproduction, respiration, excretion and protection against desiccation. During terrestrial adaptation, they evolved diverse morphological, ecological and behavioral traits. This review summarizes our present knowledge of some aspects of the morphology, physiology and behavior as it related to oniscidean adaptation to the terrestrial realm.
Bacterial contamination of lettuce and associated risk factors at production sites, markets and street food restaurants in urban and peri-urban Kumasi, Ghana

There is increasing evidence that urban grown vegetables in developing countries can be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. This is particularly true when wastewater is used in irrigation. The microbiological quality of wastewater grown lettuce on farms, markets and at street food vendor sites were evaluated for thermotolerant coliforms, enterococci and
Cycads show no stomatal-density and index response to elevated carbon dioxide and subambient oxygen

The stomatal density (SD) and index (SI) of fossil plants are widely used in reconstructing palaeo-atmospheric CO2 concentration (palaeo-[CO2]). These stomatal reconstructions depend on the inverse relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and SD and/or SI. Atmospheric oxygen concentration ([O2]) has also varied throughout earth history, influencing photosynthesis via the atmospheric CO2 : O2 ratio, and possibly affecting both SD and SI. Cycads formed a major component of Mesozoic floras, and may serve as suitable proxies of palaeo-[CO2]. However, little is known regarding SD and SI responses of modern cycads to [CO2] and [O2]. SD, SI and pore length were measured in six cycad species (Cycas revoluta, Dioon merolae, Lepidozamia hopei, Lepidozamia peroffskyana, Macrozamia miquelii and Zamia integrifolia) grown under elevated [CO2] (1500 ppm) and subambient [O2] (13.0%) in combination and separately, and compared with SD, SI and pore length under control atmospheric conditions of 380 ppm [CO2] and 20.9% [O2]. The cycad species analysed showed no significant SD, SI or pore-length response to changes in [CO2] or [O2].
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Turkish endemic Achillea species

This study was undertaken to examine in vitro antioxidant, radical scavenging andantimicrobial activities of extracts of Achillea schischkinii Sosn. and Achillea teretifolia Waldst. and Kitt (Asteraceae). The plant materials were extracted in methanol, water and chloroform using rotary evaporator apparatus. The extracts were screened for antioxidant activity using the ABTS radical scavenging capacity,DPPH radical scavenging capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities and compared to standard antioxidants. The results obtained in this study indicate that A. schischkinii and A. teretifolia are potential sources of natural antioxidants, antimicrobial activity screening was performed by the disc diffusion method against 6 bacteria strains and 2 yeast species. A. teretifolia displayed strong inhibitory effects againstPseudomonas aeruginosa. The A. teretifolia extract also showed antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisae. I contrast, the A. schischkinii extract showed no antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria nor against yeast. Key words: Achillea schischkinii, Achillea teretifolia, antioxidant, antimicrobial.
IS MACROEVOLUTION MORE THAN SUCCESSIVE ROUNDS OF MICROEVOLUTION?

Abstract: Whether macrovolution is reducible to microevolution is one of the persistent debates in evolutionary biology. Although the concept of emergence is important to answering this question, it has not been extensively discussed within palaeobiology. A taxonomy of emergence concepts is presented to clarify the ways in which emergence relates to this debate. Weak emergence is a particularly helpful way to understand the hierarchical nature of biology: it captures the ways in which higher‐level traits depend on lower‐level processes, while recognizing that emergent traits can nonetheless provide the basis for autonomous higher‐level theories. A brief review of the biological literature suggests that geographical range size is weakly emergent. While some concepts of emergence do not block the attempt to reduce macroevolution (i.e. the attempt to explain all macroevolutionary phenomena in terms of microevolutionary processes), weak emergence does. Thus, if geographical range is weakly emergent, it provides a basis for arguing that macroevolutionary phenomena cannot be fully explained by microevolutionary processes.
Meeting water requirements of an expanding world population

Water availability in the root zone (green water) is a critical component of plant production, but is often deficient in many Third World regions. When deficient, runoff water (blue water) can be added. Focusing on ten physiographic regions in Africa and Asia, characterized by mainly or partly dry climates and rapid population growth, this study analyses whether in a 30-years' perspective enough blue water could be provided to allow food self-sufficiency. It is assumed that for food self-sufficiency some 900 cubic metres of water per person per year has to be provided. In judging the realism it is assumed that a maximum 25 per cent increase in water mobilization rate would be manageable in a 30-year period. The study suggests that by 2025, water scarcity will make regions populated by some 55 per cent of the world's population dependent on food imports. For water-wasting regions in Central Asia, water saving might, however, free the water needed. The paper closes by proposing some urgent measures.