Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análisis de la calidad de varios cuerpos de agua superficiales en el GAM y la Península de Osa utilizando el Índice Holandés

A pesar de la cantidad de rios que tiene Costa Rica, la mayoria muestra algun grado de contaminacion. Por lo tanto, resultan de particular interes aquellos que forman parte de la Gran Area Metropolitana, en donde se concentra el 70% de la poblacion del pais.Si bien la calidad del agua se puede determinar por medio del analisis de distintos indicadores, es ventajosa su simplificacion por medio del uso de indices de calidad del agua. Uno de los indices adoptados en Costa Rica es el “Indice holandes de valoracion de la calidad del agua” (ICA holandes), el cual se basa en el uso de tres indicadores: la demanda bioquimica de oxigeno, el nitrogeno amoniacal y el oxigeno disuelto, este ultimo expresado como porcentaje de saturacion de oxigeno.En el presente estudio se analizaron estos indicadores en diez rios localizados en las provincias de San Jose, Alajuela, Heredia y Cartago, asi como en la Peninsula de Osa. Ademas, para correlacionar el ICA holandes con la densidad poblacional, se muestrearon tres puntos en cada rio: la zona alta cercana a la naciente del rio, la zona media y la zona baja, ubicada cerca de la desembocadura del rio.Se encontro que los rios que atraviesan las ciudades altamente densas, las cuales poseen densidades poblacionales superiores a los 8000 habitantes por kilometro cuadrado (hab/km2), muestran niveles de contaminacion en los rios de “severa” a “muy severa”; por otra parte, lugares con densidades poblacionales entre los 3000-8000 hab/km2, en general, muestran niveles de contaminacion de “moderada” a “severa”; mientras que los poblados con menos de 1000 hab/ km2 causan que la calidad de las aguas presente un nivel de contaminacion de “incipiente” a “no contaminada”. Estos resultados pueden variar dependiendo del caudal de los rios, su recorrido total y el uso que se le de a la tierra.El analisis de Regresion Lineal Univariable mostro una correlacion positiva entre el ICA holandes y la densidad poblacional, y utiliza un nivel de probabilidad del 95%.
SEASONAL VARIATION IN THE EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE ON OESTROUS CYCLES IN BEEF HEIFERS.

Hereford heifers in yards were given progesterone for periods of 2 weeks, at intervals of 7 weeks over a period of 1 year. Seasonal changes in the effects of progesterone were observed. During the late winter and spring months the ovarian cycles were not suppressed by doses of progesterone that were satisfactory at other times of the year. The interval from the cessation of treatments to onset of oestrus was also shorter in the late winter/spring period.
Construction , expression and characterization of TEV protease 1 mutants engineered for improved solubility 2 3 4 5 Running title : 6 TEVp mutants 7 8 9

18 In recent years, the highly sequence specific tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) has 19 emerged as one of the most popular and widely used reagents for removal of fusion 20 tags from target proteins. Its use, however, has been hampered due to relatively poor 21 solubility and inefficient expression in E. coli. Although a lot of progress has been 22 made, there is still need for new and improved TEVp variants. Recently, two different 23 gain-of-function TEVp mutants were described; one containing the substitutions 24 L56V/S135G, which conferred improved solubility and activity in vitro, while the 25 other mutant, containing the substitutions T17S/N68D/I77V, was claimed to yield 26 more soluble protease than the wild-type (wt) protease upon overexpression in E. coli. 27 Here, we analyzed if the L56V/S135G substitutions could promote increased 28 solubility also in vivo, as that would be beneficial to TEVp production and had never 29 been investigated before. We also intended to create a novel, and hopefully superior, 30 TEVp variant with all five mutations combined (T17S/L56V/N68D/S135G/I77V) in a 31 single protease molecule. This variant and the two parental TEVp variants as well as 32 the wt protease, were all expressed in E. coli and characterized with respect to the 33 expression levels, solubility and activity using several different techniques; among 34 them, a newly developed fluorescence-assisted whole-cell assay that directly reports 35 on the apparent protease activity in vivo. Our results show that the L56V/S135G 36 substitutions improve the solubility not only in vitro but also in vivo, which did hold 37 true for the activity as well. Disappointingly, the protease variant containing all five 38 substitutions (T17S/L56V/N68D/S135G/I77V) did not show the best performance, 39 which instead the L56V/S135G variant did. In contrast to an earlier report, we show 40 that the substitutions T17S/N68D/I77V, did not improve the TEVp solubility. In fact, 41 they reduced the activity, and even appeared to have a slightly negative effect on 42 solubility, of all protease constructs in which they were present. Thus, the best current 43 and most promising TEVp variant for future protease engineering efforts, towards 44 improved expression properties and enhanced catalytic efficiency, are those 45 containing the L56V/S135G substitutions. 46 47
Two-Dimensional Analysis Photothermal Properties in Nanoscale Plasmonic Waveguides for Optical Interconnect

The inevitable light absorption in plasmonic waveguides (PWs) gives rise to heating of waveguides themselves. Here the photothermal effects in nanowire PWs, slot PWs, channel PWs, dielectric-loaded PWs and hybrid PWs are investigated in the cross section. The resistive heating is significant for all waveguides. The thermal feature sizes of the PWs are the main factors limiting the integration density. The copper PWs show the largest temperature rise compared with the gold PWs, the silver PWs and the aluminum PWs. These findings unveil the physical properties of PWs from the photothermal perspective and provide insights into the underlying factors influencing the adoption of PWs in optical interconnect.
Individualisation des paramètres musculaires pour la modélisation musculo-squelettique de la main : application à la compréhension de l'arthrose

L'arthrose de la main est une pathologie qui engendre des douleurs et des impotences fonctionnelles fortement handicapantes pour la vie quotidienne. Malheureusement, du fait de la complexite biomecanique de la main et du manque de quantification des forces subies par les articulations des doigts, la prevention et la rehabilitation de cette pathologie demeurent problematiques. L'objectif de ce travail doctoral a ete de developper une modelisation musculo-squelettique de la main pour ameliorer la comprehension de l'arthrose du point de vue biomecanique. Un modele complet de la main, incluant les cinq doigts et le poignet, ainsi qu'un protocole experimental de mesure de la cinematique et des forces externes appliquees a la main ont d'abord ete developpes pour estimer l'ensemble des forces musculaires et des forces articulaires durant la prehension. Ces outils methodologiques ont permis de clarifier les risques d'arthrose associes aux types de prehension ainsi que ceux specifiques aux articulations. Afin d'analyser plus precisement les facteurs de risques associes a chaque individu, une methode d'individualisation des parametres musculaires a ete developpee afin de mettre le modele de la main a l'echelle des capacites reelles des individus. Cette methode a ete employee pour l'analyse de deux patientes et a permis de caracteriser les adaptations et les consequences biomecaniques associees a leurs affections specifiques. Le modele de la main et les protocoles experimentaux developpes ont ainsi fournit des donnees quantifiees qui representent un interet concret pour l'amelioration de la prevention ainsi que pour l'elaboration et l'evaluation de programmes de rehabilitation.
Cancer Biology and Signal Transduction BRCA 2 andRAD 51 Promote Double-Strand Break Formation and Cell Death in Response to Gemcitabine

Replication inhibitors cause replication fork stalling and double-strand breaks (DSB) that result from processing of stalled forks. During recovery from replication blocks, the homologous recombination (HR) factor RAD51mediates fork restart andDSB repair.HRdefects therefore sensitize cells to replication inhibitors, with clear implications for cancer therapy. Gemcitabine is a potent replication inhibitor used to treat cancers with mutations in HR genes such as BRCA2. Here, we investigate why, paradoxically, mutations in HR genes protect cells fromkilling by gemcitabine. UsingDNAreplication andDNAdamage assays inmammalian cells, we show that even short gemcitabine treatments cause persistent replication inhibition. BRCA2andRAD51 are recruited to chromatin early after removal of the drug, actively inhibit replication fork progression, and promote the formation ofMUS81andXPF-dependentDSBs that remain unrepaired.Our data suggest thatHR intermediates formed at gemcitabine-stalled forks are converted intoDSBs and thus contribute to gemcitabineinduced cell death, which could have implications for the treatment response of HR-deficient tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(10); 1–10. 2014 AACR.
Microvascular protection is essential for successful neuroprotection in stroke

Currently, the best way of neuroprotection for acute ischemic stroke appears to be restoration of blood flow to the ischemic area by thrombolysis. Unfortunately, a short therapeutic time window as well as thrombolysis‐induced bleeding and edema limit the use of recanalization therapies. Here, we review the evidence suggesting that ischemia/reperfusion‐induced microvascular injury plays a critical role in determining tissue survival after recanalization in focal cerebral ischemia by disrupting the blood–brain barrier integrity and promoting microcirculatory clogging. Among many complex mechanisms of the ischemia–reperfusion injury, overproduction of oxygen and nitrogen radicals on the microvascular wall appears to significantly contribute to these pathological processes. These developments bring about the exciting possibility that effective suppression of oxidative/nitrative stress during pharmacological or interventional re‐opening of the occluded artery may significantly improve the outcome of recanalization therapies in stroke patients by improving microcirculatory reflow as well as by preventing hemorrhagic conversion and vasogenic edema. They also point to the critical (but partly neglected) importance of the microcirculation in neuroprotection.
Urea in dry-rolled corn diets: finishing steer performance, nutrient digestion, and microbial protein production.

In Exp. 1, 88 yearling steers (332 kg) were fed dry-rolled corn finishing diets to evaluate effects of dietary urea level on performance and carcass characteristics. Diets contained 0, . 5, 1.0, or 1.5% urea (DM basis), which supplied all supplemental N, and 10% chopped prairie hay. Gains (P = .10) and gain efficiency (G/F; P < .05) were increased by . 5% urea, with little improvement by additional urea. Regression analysis estimated optimal dietary urea at . 9% of DM for ADG and G/F. Fat thickness (P < .05) and yield grade (P < .10) increased linearly with dietary urea level. In Exp. 2, four ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers (557 kg) were fed the diets used in Exp. 1 to evaluate effects of dietary urea on site and extent of digestion. True ruminal OM and starch digestion were increased 25 and 37%, respectively, by . 5% urea, but higher urea levels did not differ from . 5%. Flows of total N and microbial N to the duodenum were not affected by urea level. In Exp. 3, 100 yearling steers (347 kg) were fed dry-rolled corn finishing diets that contained 10% alfalfa hay as the dietary roughage to evaluate effects of dietary urea level on performance and carcass characteristics. Urea levels were 0, . 35, . 70, 1.05, or 1.40% urea (DM basis), with no other supplemental N provided. Dry matter intake (P = .10), ADG (P < .05), and G/F (P < .05) increased with intermediate concentrations of urea but decreased with the highest concentration. Regression analysis indicated that the optimal dietary urea level was . 5% of DM for ADG and G/F. Urea increased dietary energy utilization but not metabolizable protein supply.
Tenascin C and annexin II expression in the process of pancreatic carcinogenesis

Tenascin C (TNC) is a component of the provisional extracellular matrix (ECM) that characterizes solid tumours. Cell surface annexin II is a high‐affinity receptor for large TNC splice variants. The aim of this study was to analyse whether TNC and annexin II play a role in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is characterized by a rich ECM populated by pancreatic stellate cells, which play a crucial role in pancreatic desmoplasia. The mRNA and protein levels of TNC and of annexin II were analysed in pancreatic tissues by DNA array, quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry. TNC large splice variants were detected by RT‐PCR. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure TNC levels in serum and culture supernatants. TNC and annexin II mRNA levels were significantly higher in pancreatic cancer tissues than in the normal pancreas. TNC expression was detected with increased frequency in the progression from PanIN‐1 lesions to PDAC, and a parallel switch from cytoplasmic to cell surface expression of annexin II was observed. Large TNC transcripts were found in pancreatic cancer and in chronic pancreatitis, but not in the normal pancreas. TNC expression was demonstrated in pancreatic stellate cells, where it could be induced by tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) and by cancer cell supernatants supplemented with TGF‐β1. In conclusion, the expression of TNC and cell surface annexin II increases in the progression from low‐grade PanIN lesions to pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic stellate cells are identified as a source of TNC in pancreatic tissues, possibly under the influence of soluble factors released by the tumour cells. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of least recently used algorithm and neuro-fuzzy system into client-side web caching

Web caching is a well-known strategy for improving performance of Web-based system by keeping web objects that are likely to be used in the near future close to the client. Most of the current Web browsers still employ traditional caching policies that are not efficient in web caching. This research proposes a splitting client-side web cache to two caches, short-term cache and long-term cache. Initially, a web object is stored in short-term cache, and the web objects that are visited more than the pre-specified threshold value will be moved to long-term cache. Other objects are removed by Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm as short-term cache is full. More significantly, when the long-term cache saturates, the neuro-fuzzy system is employed in classifying each object stored in long-term cache into either cacheable or uncacheable object. The old uncacheable objects are candidate for removing from the long-term cache. By implementing this mechanism, the cache pollution can be mitigated and the cache space can be utilized effectively. Experimental results have revealed that the proposed approach can improve the performance up to 14.8% and 17.9% in terms of hit ratio (HR) compared to LRU and Least Frequently Used (LFU). In terms of byte hit ratio (BHR), the performance is improved up to 2.57% and 26.25%, and for latency saving ratio (LSR), the performance is improved up to 8.3% and 18.9%, compared to LRU and LFU
Reverse genetics system for generation of an influenza A virus mutant containing a deletion of the carboxyl-terminal residue of M2 protein

We established a reverse genetics system for the M gene of influenza A virus, using amantadine resistance as a selection criterion. Transfection of an artificial M ribonucleoprotein complex of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), a naturally occurring amantadine-resistant virus, and superinfection with amantadine-sensitive A/equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8), followed by cultivation in the presence of the drug, led to the generation of a transfectant virus with the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) M gene. With this system, we attempted to generate a virus containing a deletion in an M-gene product (M2 protein). Viruses lacking the carboxyl-terminal Glu of M2, but not those lacking 5 or 10 carboxyl-terminal residues, were rescued in the presence of amantadine. These findings indicate that carboxyl-terminal residues of the M2 protein play an important role in influenza virus replication. The M-gene-based reverse genetics system will allow the study of different M-gene mutations to achieve a balance between attenuation and virus replication, thus facilitating the production of live vaccine strains.
Statistical Support for Uncertainty in Radiological Diagnosis

Abstract: Radiological interpretation and diagnosis involves the comparison and classification of complex medical images and is typical of the categorisation tasks that have been the subject of observational studies in Cognitive Science. This paper considers the affinity between statistical modelling and theories of categorisation for naturally occurring categories. Statistical based measures of similarity and typicality with a probabilistic interpretation are derived. The utilisation of these measures in the support of diagnosis under uncertainty via interactive overview plots is described. The application of the methodology to magnetic resonance imaging of the head is considered. The methods detailed have application to other fields involving archiving and retrieving of image data.
Developmental Studies on the Vertebrate Head Evolution

The shape of the skull of the vertebrate head has always interested me, and I have always marveled at the process and mechanism of evolution that produced various types of heads that are adapted to specific environments and functions. In particular, the metamerical pattern of morphological elements, namely, the serial homology and metamorphosis of these elements were the most important concepts of my research. My research has been shaped by many factors and I will describe how it has developed and finally it ended up in the molecular developmental researches in which I am currently involved. Beginning - comparative morphology
Training Sequence Design and Parameter Estimation of MIMO Channels with Carrier Frequency Offsets

This letter addresses the carrier frequency offsets and channel gains estimation problem for MIMO channels with multiple carrier frequency offsets that are not assumed to be equal for all transmit-receive antenna pairs. Training sequences are proposed for both flat fading and frequency selective fading MIMO channels. Under the proposed training sequences, sub-optimal performance of parameter estimation can be achieved by a subspace-based method with reasonable computational complexity. The method can also provide flexible tradeoff between complexity and performance
Analgesic and hemodynamic effects of intrathecal clonidine as the sole analgesic agent during first stage of labor: a dose-response study.

BACKGROUND Intrathecal clonidine produces dose-dependent postoperative analgesia and enhances labor analgesia from intrathecal sufentanil. The authors evaluated the dose-response potency of intrathecally administered clonidine by itself during first stage of labor with respect to analgesia and maternal and fetal side effects. METHODS Thirty-six parturients requesting labor analgesia were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Parturients with < 6 cm cervical dilatation received either 50, 100, or 200 microg intrathecal clonidine. The authors recorded visual analog pain score (VAPS), maternal blood pressure and heart rate, ephedrine requirements, and sedation at regular intervals and fetal heart rate tracings continuously. Duration of analgesia was defined as time from intrathecal clonidine administration until request for additional analgesia. RESULTS Clonidine produced a reduction in VAPS with all three doses. The duration of analgesia was significantly longer in patients receiving 200 microg (median, 143; range, 75-210 min) and 100 microg (median, 118; range, 60-180 min) than 50 microg (median, 45; range, 25-150 min), and VAPS was lower in the 200-microg than in the 50-microg group. In the 200-microg group, hypotension required significantly more often treatment with ephedrine than in the other groups. No adverse events or fetal heart rate abnormalities occurred. CONCLUSIONS Fifty to 200 microg intrathecal clonidine produces dose-dependent analgesia during first stage of labor. Although duration and quality of analgesia were more pronounced with 100 and 200 microg than with 50 microg, the high incidence of hypotension requires caution with the use of 200 microg for labor analgesia.
Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks

Contributing Authors R.B. Alley, O.E. Anisimov, C. Appenzeller, R.G. Barry, J.J. Bates, R. Bindschadler, G.B. Bonan, C.W. Boning, S. Bony, H. Bryden, M.A. Cane, J.A. Curry, T. Delworth, A.S. Denning, R.E. Dickinson, K. Echelmeyer, K. Emanuel, G. Flato, I. Fung, M. Geller, P.R. Gent, S.M. Griffies, I. Held, A. Henderson-Sellers, A.A.M. Holtslag, F. Hourdin, J.W. Hurrell, V.M. Kattsov, P.D. Killworth, Y. Kushnir, W.G. Large, M. Latif, P. Lemke, M.E. Mann, G. Meehl, U. Mikolajewicz, W. O’Hirok, C.L. Parkinson, A. Payne, A. Pitman, J. Polcher, I. Polyakov, V. Ramaswamy, P.J. Rasch, E.P. Salathe, C. Schar, R.W. Schmitt, T.G. Shepherd, B.J. Soden, R.W. Spencer, P. Taylor, A. Timmermann, K.Y. Vinnikov, M. Visbeck, S.E. Wijffels, M. Wild
GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 Enhances Resistance to Phytophthora sojae by Regulating Defense-Related Gene Expression in Soybean

Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is a destructive disease worldwide. The molecular mechanism of the soybean response to P. sojae is largely unclear. We report a novel WRKY transcription factor (TF) in soybean, GmWRKY31, in the host response to P. sojae. Overexpression and RNA interference analysis demonstrated that GmWRKY31 enhanced resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean plants. GmWRKY31 was targeted to the nucleus, where it bound to the W-box and acted as an activator of gene transcription. Moreover, we determined that GmWRKY31 physically interacted with GmHDL56, which improved resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean roots. GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 shared a common target GmNPR1 which was induced by P. sojae. Overexpression and RNA interference analysis demonstrated that GmNPR1 enhanced resistance to P. sojae in transgenic soybean plants. Several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were constitutively activated, including GmPR1a, GmPR2, GmPR3, GmPR4, GmPR5a, and GmPR10, in soybean plants overexpressing GmNPR1 transcripts. By contrast, the induction of PR genes was compromised in transgenic GmNPR1-RNAi lines. Taken together, these findings suggested that the interaction between GmWRKY31 and GmHDL56 enhances resistance to P. sojae by regulating defense-related gene expression in soybean.