Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VIRAL LOAD AND HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 VIRAL LOAD AND HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1

A BSTRACT Background and Methods We examined the influence of viral load in relation to other risk factors for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In a community-based study of 15,127 persons in a rural district of Uganda, we identified 415 couples in which one partner was HIV-1–positive and one was initially HIV-1–negative and followed them prospectively for up to 30 months. The incidence of HIV-1 infection per 100 person-years among the initially seronegative partners was examined in relation to behavioral and biologic variables. Results The male partner was HIV-1–positive in 228 couples, and the female partner was HIV-1–positive in 187 couples. Ninety of the 415 initially HIV-1– negative partners seroconverted (incidence, 11.8 per 100 person-years). The rate of male-to-female transmission was not significantly different from the rate of female-to-male transmission (12.0 per 100 personyears vs. 11.6 per 100 person-years). The incidence of seroconversion was highest among the partners who were 15 to 19 years of age (15.3 per 100 person-years). The incidence was 16.7 per 100 person-years among 137 uncircumcised male partners, whereas there were no seroconversions among the 50 circumcised male partners (P<0.001). The mean serum HIV-1 RNA level was significantly higher among HIV-1–positive subjects whose partners seroconverted than among those whose partners did not seroconvert (90,254 copies per milliliter vs. 38,029 copies per milliliter, P=0.01). There were no instances of transmission among the 51 subjects with serum HIV-1 RNA levels of less than 1500 copies per milliliter; there was a significant dose– response relation of increased transmission with increasing viral load. In multivariate analyses of logtransformed HIV-1 RNA levels, each log increment in the viral load was associated with a rate ratio of 2.45 for seroconversion (95 percent confidence interval, 1.85 to 3.26). Conclusions The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV-1 RNA per milliliter. (N Engl J Med 2000;342:921-9.)
Count on the brain : using EEG oscillations and eye movements to disentangle intelligent problem-solving in math

The main objectives of the study were: to investigate whether training on working memory (WM) could improve fluid intelligence, and to investigate the effects WM training had on neuroelectric (electroencephalography – EEG) and hemodynamic (near-infrared spectroscopy – NIRS) patterns of brain activity. In a parallel group experimental design, respondents of the working memory group after 30 h of training significantly increased performance on all tests of fluid intelligence. By contrast, respondents of the active control group (participating in a 30-h communication training course) showed no improvements in performance. The influence of WM training on patterns of neuroelectric brain activity was most pronounced in the theta and alpha bands. Theta and lower-1 alpha band synchronization was accompanied by increased lower-2 and upper alpha desynchronization. The hemodynamic patterns of brain activity after the training changed from higher right hemispheric activation to a balanced activity of both frontal areas. The neuroelectric as well as hemodynamic patterns of brain activity suggest that the training influenced WM maintenance functions as well as processes directed by the central executive. The changes in upper alpha band desynchronization could further indicate that processes related to long term memory were also influenced. 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A critical evaluation of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: an example of things to come?

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), arguably the most dramatic hyperthermal event recorded to date, occurred approximately 55 million years ago (Ma). During this event thousands of petagrams of carbon were released into the atmosphere and hydrosphere affecting the climate, ocean chemistry and marine and terrestrial ecosystems. With a duration of approximately 100,000 years (though possibly as long as 170,000 years) and global temperature increases of between 48°C, terrestrial and marine faunal turnover occurred including mammalian dispersal, rapid evolutionary and ecological change and transient diversification. The PETM, therefore, offers a valuable insight into shifts in the climate regime and the resultant marine and biotic response that may be relevant to future anthropogenically induced climate change. The mechanisms for delivery of isotopically light carbon into the atmosphere and hydrosphere remain a hotly debated topic. Here we discuss numerous possible sources of carbon and the mechanisms responsible for their release.
Thermo-visco-elasticity with rate-independent plasticity in isotropic materials undergoing thermal expansion

We consider a viscoelastic solid in Kelvin-Voigt rheology exhibiting also plasticity with hardening and coupled with heat-transfer through dissipative heat production by viscoplastic effects and through thermal expansion and corresponding adiabatic effects. Numerical discretization of the thermodynamically consistent model is proposed by implicit time discretization, suitable regularization, and finite elements in space. Fine a-priori estimates are derived, and convergence is proved by careful successive limit passage. Computational 3D simulations illustrate an implementation of the method as well as physical effects of residual stresses substantially depending on rate of heat treatment.
Production of cellulases by Penicillium oxalicum through solid state fermentation using agroindustrial substrates.

The purpose of this study was to define the factors that influence the production of cellulases by Penicillium oxalicum , a strain obtained from a leaf-cutting ant colony and identified based on the ITS gene . The experimental design included solid state fermentation using sugarcane bagasse and lignocellulosic sorghum as the lignocellulosic substrate. The variables were analyzed using a 2 5-1 fractional factorial design, with three replicates on the central point. All the variables analyzed influenced the production of at least one of the three cellulose types analyzed. The highest values observed were: FPase 4.2 U g -1 , CMCase 9.2 U g -1 and Avicelase 8.4 U g -1 using lignocellulosic sorghum as the substrate. The best conditions for enzyme production were: incubation temperature at 40oC, initial moisture of 60%, pH of 4.0 and a growth period of four days using lignocellulosic sorghum as the substrate.
L\'evy analysis of HBT correlation functions in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 62 GeV and 39 GeV Au+Au collisions at PHENIX

The phase diagram of strongly interacting matter can be explored by analyzing data of heavy-ion collisions at different center of mass collision energies. For investigating the space-time structure of the hadron emission source, HBT correlation measurements are among the best tools. In this paper we present the latest results from the RHIC PHENIX experiment on such measurements in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=$ 39 GeV and 62 GeV Au+Au collisions.
Contemporary Human Computer Interaction Techniques

Human Computer Interaction(HCI) is a widely popular field with new techniques being developed to make interaction user friendly. The previous techniques could not resolve a lot of drawbacks which led to the need to develop more modern techniques. This paper lists a few such techniques which use kinesics for interacting with the computer. We have compared various techniques such as eye tracking, motion gesture, touch gesture and finger tracking. and provided a detailed summary of each technique. Also, we have mentioned a real time example where multi-display environment is used.
Nutritional Status of Ethiopian Weaning and Complementary Foods: A Review

This paper reviews the available literatures and research findings on the traditional and commercially available weaning and complementary foods in Ethiopia. Weaning foods in Ethiopia can be made from locally available cereals and legumes and many types of weaning food are feed for infant. Weaning and complementary feeding improvement should be of highest priority for nutrition of infant and young children because of its crucial role in preventing mortality and enhancing children development. Formulation and development of nutritious weaning foods from local and readily available raw materials has received a lot of attention in many developing countries. The global strategy for infant and young child feeding states that, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to achieve optimal growth, development and health, and thereafter, receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods while breastfeeding continues for up to two years or beyond.
Study groups and peer roles in mediated academic literacy events in multilingual educational contexts in South Africa

This paper explores the role of study groups in mediating academic writing, particularly among multilingual black students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). Using data from questionnaires, focus groups, and interviews, as well as academic texts generated by study groups, the paper focuses on the efficacy of study groups in mediating literacy events in multilingual educational contexts. Of particular interest here is the composition, i.e. the roles each member plays in the preparation and discussion of a particular topic.
Forecasting Stability of the Stock and Credit Markets of Ukraine

In the current work we analyze the stability of the development of Ukrainian financial market segments. The stability theory and non-linear analysis are the mathematical tools of the investigation. In the article we used three types of stability. There are Lagrange stabiilty, Poisson stability and Lyapunov stability. The stability indexes show unstable trajectories for the trend of stock and credit segments by Lagrange. Poisson stability recognizes stable cyclic components in the dynamic of credit market. Ukrainian financial market was analyzed as a single system by the Lyapuniov stability that shows sustainable trajectories of both segments. We constructed attractors of each segments and forecasting stability in each attractor by investigation of the localization points.
Effective Atomic Cluster Finding Method for Author Name Disambiguation from Publication Dataset

Name ambiguity is a real- world problem that one name possibly refers to more than one actual persons. It is a critical problem in many applications, such as: expert finding, people connection finding, and information integration. Previously, several clustering based methods have been proposed although, the problem still presents to be a big challenge for both research and industry communities. In this paper, the proposed approach presents a complementary study to the problem from another point of view. In this proposed system, an approach of finding atomic clusters to improve the performance of existing clustering-based methods. Experiments results show that significant improvements can be obtained by using the proposed atomic clusters finding approach.
MICROBIAL LOAD OF PUNCTURED EVAPORATED MILK SOAKED IN Cold WATER

A total of four samples of evaporated milk (Peak, Nunu, Luna and 3 Crown) were analyzed for their microbial load when punctured and left open for 48h without proper storage. The percentage occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli obtained from Peak and Luna milk was 20% each while that of Aspergillus species was 50%. The percentage occurrence of Pseudomonas fragi, Microccus leteus, Shigella species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marscens and Proteus mirabilis were 10% each while Rhodotorula species Penicillum chrysogenum and Rhizopus spe- cies had a frequency occurrence of 20%, 20% and 10% respectively. The study shows that it is a health risk to consume evaporated milk exposed to air for or long period after opening.
Waferlevel Vacuum Packaged Microscanners: A High Yield Fabrication Process for Mobile Applications

Scanning micromirrors are promising candidates for a broad range of different mobile projection and imaging applications, such as compact laser based microdisplays for the integration in mobile phones and PDA’s, or miniaturized LIDAR devices for object detection in cars. As to the fact that these MOEMS (Micro Optical Electro-Mechanical Systems) devices are made for mobile use, they have to withstand even harsh environmental conditions, such as dust and change in temperature as well as humidity while power consumption must be kept low to guarantee an acceptable battery lifetime. For inertial MEMS, like gyroscopes and accelerometers, this is established by hermetic encapsulation on waferlevel [1, 2]. Therefore, a silicon wafer with several microns deep cavities is bonded on top of a MEMS wafer by standard waferbonding technologies (anodic, eutectic, or glass frit bonding). Subsequent to the waferbonding a dicing process separates the dies [2]. Waferlevel packaging not only protects sensitive MEMS devices, it also gives the ability to guarantee a vacuum environment, which reduces air damping and thus increases the amplitude of resonating MEMS actuators. However, in the case of MOEMS devices, specifically microscanners, a waferlevel vacuum encapsulation is a big challenge. In this case, light has to be transmitted through the package onto the mirror plate. Due to reflection on the mirror it passes the package a second time before it reaches the projection area. Thus, the package must possess perfect optical quality to minimize image errors due to light beam distortion. Besides the optical requirement, the scanners must meet extraordinary high mechanical requirements. For example, the optical resolution of laser projection systems based on scanning micromirrors mainly depends on the mirror plate diameter D, the mechanical scan angle of the mirror plate _ and the scan frequencies fres (see Table I) [3, 4]. For example, to project images with a standard display format (e.g. VGA), a scanner with a typical mirror plate diameter of D = 1mm must be operated at a frequency of at least fres = 15.7 kHz and at the same time must reach a mechanical scan angle of Θ = 7.5 deg. ABSTRACT1
The importance of organic detritus in lotic ecosystems: Aspects of trophic interactions

Ecological studies on lotic systems pay some lip-service to the importance of the micro-biota and their function within ecosystems, but experience tells me that this dimension is usually ignored in grand research schemes. I hope to make a convincing case for their inclusion in catchment ecosystem research. Others, more expert than I, will plead the importance of photosynthetic micro-organisms. In this short review, "microbiological aspects" cover the processing of organic detritus in lotic waters by heterotrophic microorganisms.
Efficient Algorithms for Graph-Theoretic and Geometric Problems

This thesis studies several different algorithmic problems in graph theory and in geometry. The applications of the problems studied range from circuit design optimization to fast matrix multiplication. First, we study a graph-theoretical model of the so called ''firefighter problem''. The objective is to save as much as possible of an area by appropriately placing firefighters. We provide both new exact algorithms for the case of general graphs as well as approximation algorithms for the case of planar graphs. Next, we study drawing graphs within a given polygon in the plane. We present asymptotically tight upper and lower bounds for this problem Further, we study the problem of Subgraph Isormorphism, which amounts to decide if an input graph (pattern) is isomorphic to a subgraph of another input graph (host graph). We show several new bounds on the time complexity of detecting small pattern graphs. Among other things, we provide a new framework for detection by testing polynomials for non-identity with zero. Finally, we study the problem of partitioning a 3D histogram into a minimum number of 3D boxes and it's applications to efficient computation of matrix products for positive integer matrices. We provide an efficient approximation algorithm for the partitioning problem and several algorithms for integer matrix multiplication. The multiplication algorithms are explicitly or implicitly based on an interpretation of positive integer matrices as 3D histograms and their partitions.
An Automated Level Set Segmentation Approach for Lesion Detection in Dental Radiograph for Endodontic Treatment

Medical Imaging is advancing since inception. The engineering and technology with a wide variety of research in segmentation techniques have developed a wide research domain in the field of medical and bioinformatics. Application of segmentation techniques in medical areas for detection of abnormalities has made an add-on approach for both doctors and patients for prior diagnosis and proper treatment. Medical imaging in dental analysis is based on dental radiographs which help the medical practioners in locating hidden dental structures, malignant or benign masses, bone loss, and lesions. An important step during the analysis of dental imaging is extraction of decayed tooth from the dental radiographs. These digital dental radiograph plays a crucial role in detection and further diagnosis of decayed portion in jaw. In this paper, an automated segmentation method using multiphase level set approach is proposed for segmentation of dental radiograph and extraction of region of interest. The extracted region may provide better insight to the medical practitioners during their diagnosis. The results of the proposed segmentation method are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and are verified by experts of the domain for various categories.
Catechins inhibit atherosclerosis in male rats on a high fat diet

Background A catechin isolate from the green tea clone GMB 4, which shows antioxidant activity, may be a candidate drug for prevention of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of catechin on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and p110 phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor (PI3K) expression and on p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in male rats fed a high fat diet. Methods Twenty five male Wistar rats were divided into the following five groups: rats on standard diet; rats on high fat diet; rats on high fat diet + catechin 3 mg/day; rats on high fat diet + catechin 6 mg/day; and rats on high fat diet + catechin 24 mg/day. eNOS and p110 PI3K expression and p38 MAPK activity were measured by means of ELISA. Results High fat diet significantly increased eNOS expression, decreased p110 PI3K expression, and increased p38 MAPK activity in male rats, in comparison with standard diet (p<0.05). Administration of 3 mg/day catechin decreased eNOS expression compared to that in the high fat diet group without catechin (p<0.05). The administration of catechin increased p100 PI3K expression to a similar extent as that in the high fat diet groups with catechin 6 mg/day and 24 mg/day. Administration of catechin at all doses decreased p38 MAPK activity to the level of the standard diet group. Conclusions High fat diet increases eNOS expression, decreases PI3K expression, and increases p38 MAPK activity. Administration of catechin decreases eNOS expression, increases PI3K expression, and decreases p38 MAPK activity.
Psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the Empathy Quotient (S-EQ)

In the present study we examined psychometric properties of the Serbian translation of the Empathy Quotient scale (S-EQ). The translated version of the EQ was applied on a sample of 694 high-school students. A sub-sample consisting of 375 high-school students also completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), another widely used empathy measure. The following statistical analyses were applied: internal consistency analysis, explanatory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses, and factor congruence analysis. Correlation with IRI and gender differences were calculated to demonstrate validity of the instrument. Results show that the Serbian 40-item version of EQ has lower reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .782) than the original. The originally proposed one factor structure of the instrument was not confirmed. The short version with 28 items showed better reliability (alpha= .807). The three-factor solution (cognitive empathy, emotional reactivity, and social skills) showed good cross-sample stability (Tucker congruence coefficient over .8) but the results of CFA confirmed the solution proposed in the reviewed literature only partially. The mean scores are similar to those obtained in the other studies, and, as expected, women have significantly higher scores than men. Correlations with all subscales of IRI are statistically significant for the first two subscales of EQ, but not for the 'social skills. ' We concluded that the Serbian version of the 'Empathy Quotient' is a useful research tool which can contribute to cross-cultural studies of empathy, although its psychometric characteristics are not as good as those obtained in the original study. We also suggest that a 28-item should be used preferably to the original 40-item version.
DOES A FOREIGN SUBSIDIARY'S NETWORK STATUS AFFECT ITS INNOVATION ACTIVITY? EVIDENCE FROM POST- SOCIALIST ECONOMIES*

A detailed questionnaire survey among 809 foreign subsidiaries in five post-socialist economies (East Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Croatia) is used to study determinants of innovation activity of foreign subsidiaries. Survey data comprise traditional firm innovation activity determinants and indicators of a foreign subsidiary status. Our findings demonstrate that foreign subsidiaries are relatively independent as far as innovation activity is concerned, while at the same time subsidiaries with better access to foreign parent companies RD (ii) acquisition of external knowledge and company size have significant and positive impact on on process innovation only, (iii) transfer of responsibilities from headquarters to subsidiaries and foreign investor being a MNE is conducive to process innovation; (iv) marketseeking motivation of foreign investors has a negative impact on product innovation status; (v) higher age of subsidiary is positive for its process innovation, i.e. a foreign investor needs some time to initiate innovation activities in a subsidiary.
News and Nuances of the Entrepreneurial Myth and Metaphor: Linguistic Games in Entrepreneurial Sense–Making and Sense–Giving

This article describes a social construction of entrepreneurship by exploring the constructionalist building blocks of communication, myth, and metaphor presented in a major British middle range broadsheet newspaper with no particular party political allegiance. We argue that the sense–making role of figurative language is important because of the inherent problems in defining and describing the entrepreneurial phenomena. Myth and metaphor in newspapers create an entrepreneurial appreciation that helps define our understanding of the world around us. The content analysis of articles published in this newspaper revealed images of male entrepreneurs as dynamic wolfish charmers, supernatural gurus, successful skyrockets or community saviors and corrupters. Finally, this article relates the temporal construction of myth and metaphor to the dynamics of enterprise culture.