Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensing of RNA Viruses: a Review of Innate Immune Receptors Involved in Recognizing RNA Virus Invasion

ABSTRACT Our knowledge regarding the contribution of the innate immune system in recognizing and subsequently initiating a host response to an invasion of RNA virus has been rapidly growing over the last decade. Descriptions of the receptors involved and the molecular mechanisms they employ to sense viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns have emerged in great detail. This review presents an overview of our current knowledge regarding the receptors used to detect RNA virus invasion, the molecular structures these receptors sense, and the involved downstream signaling pathways.
Modifying effects of boswellia carteri on clarithromycine action: Invitro antibacterial study against common sensitive bacterial strains

Background:Plant-derived compounds have action alongside Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and numerous compounds, inhibit efflux pumps and hence have become known as efflux pump inhibitors. Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis and acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis the antibacterial range is the similar as erythromycin but it is active against Mycobacterium avium complex, M.leprae and atypical mycobacteria. The in vitro antibacterial activity results of different boswellic acid compounds discovered alpha keto-boswellic acid (AKBA) to be the preponderance potent antibacterial compound alongside Grampositive pathogens, but it showed no significant antibacterial activity (MIC >128 μg/ml) against the Gram negative bacteria . Aim: The aim of present study, is to illustrate the effectiveness of Boswellia carteri against Gram positive and negative bacteria alone and in combination with clarithromycine to elucidate the synergestic antibacterial effects and how Boswellia carteri modifying the antibacterial activity of clarithromycine. Material and methods: The bacteria strains used in this study included five Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and three Gramnegative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) five for each strains. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by measuring inhibition zone diameters by Agar-well diffusion ,while Broth dilution method determine MIC . Then fractional inhibitory concentration determine the in vitro interaction of clarithromycine and boswellia carteri combination. Results :The result of present study showed that zone of inhibition of clarithromycine ranged from 4mg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 19mm toward Klebsiella pneumonia while zone of inhibition of Boswellia carteri ranged from 6mmfor Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 14mm for Klebsiella pneumonia the p value was insignificant p ? 0.05 but the combined mixture showed significant differences from either clarithromycine or boswellia carteri p ? 0.05. The MIC ranged from 8-32mg/ml,8-64mg/ml and 8- 16mg/ml for clarithromycine, boswellia carteri and combined clarithromycineand boswellia carteri respectively and the Fractional inhibitory concentration of the combined mixture is more potent than clarithromycine and boswellia carteri alone. Conclusions Boswellia carteri produced valuable property when combined with clarithromycine for sensitive bacteria and as a result others studies desirable for in vivo synergistic studies.
Proton MRS in mild cognitive impairment

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical syndrome operationalized for early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many individuals with MCI are at the prodromal stage of AD or other dementia. Various quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that measure the anatomic, biochemical, microstructural, functional, and blood‐flow changes are being evaluated as possible surrogate measures for early diagnosis and disease progression in MCI. The pathology underlying MCI is heterogeneous, dominated by AD, cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease, or a mixture of these pathologies in autopsy cohorts. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) metabolite markers may help identify and track etiologies that typically underlie MCI in the elderly. The role of proton MRS will be critical for pathophysiological processes for which a reliable biomarker does not exist such as neuronal dysfunction, glial and microglial activation in MCI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:770–777. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medicinal Applications and Toxicological Activities of Aloe. Products

Abstract Aloe. (Lilliaceae) has long been used as a remedy in many cultures. Aloe. products, which include the latex, gel, and whole leaf, are used, among other reasons, as laxatives, in creams for skin ailments, and as a treatment for a wide range of diseases, respectively. The heterogeneous nature of Aloe. products may contribute to the diverse biological and therapeutic activities that have been observed. Variations in the composition of Aloe. can result in products with different chemical and physical properties, making the comparison of products difficult. In this article, the chemistry, uses, pharmacological activity, and toxicity of Aloe. gel, latex, and isolated compounds are reviewed. This article is confined to literature pertaining to Aloe vera. (L.) Burm.f. (also known as A. barbadensis. Miller) and Aloe ferox. Miller since they are the most widely used species both commercially and for their therapeutic properties.
SCCF — System to component level correlation factor

As a first step towards correlation of system level ESD robustness based on component level ESD results, on-wafer Human Metal Model (HMM) measurements are compared with on-wafer HBM for a wide range of devices in various process technologies. A device level System to Component level Correlation Factor (SCCF) is defined and can range from 10 to 150 % based upon physical failure mechanisms. Five main categories are defined independent of process technology.
Exoerythrocytic malaria vaccine development: understanding host–parasite immunobiology underscores strategic success

Malaria imposes an enormous health burden on people living in the tropics and effective control measures are urgently needed. The vast majority of deaths in humans from malaria are caused by one species of the protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum. An efficacious and cost-effective vaccine against this parasite is considered a holy grail of modern molecular medicine. A vaccine that targets liver-stage parasites would prevent infection from reaching the blood and causing clinical disease. Among around 40 known Plasmodium falciparum antigens, only a few are expressed exclusively by mosquito-transmitted sporozoites or infected hepatocytes. Studies in humans have consistently related immune responses to these antigens with resistance to infection or disease, providing a powerful rationale for the development of pre-erythrocytic vaccines. By dissecting the mechanism(s) of immunity to these antigens, we can best evaluate in different delivery systems epitopes associated with protection as components of a focused and coordinated multiantigen malaria vaccine strategy.
IMPLICIT SURFACE PAINTING

Implicit painting is a non photorealistic rendering method for painting implicit surfaces The method is based on the fact that when a di erence equation is applied to a set of particles these particles will move in D space The motion of the particles is viewed as the motion of the hands of several painters and the trajectories of the particles as long unbroken brush strokes over the implicit surfaces These sur faces are used as if they are the canvases of painters We consider implicit surface painting as a creative or artistic process in which the resulting artwork can be an image a stereo image or even an animation that shows the painting process
Atypical Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Fatal Mimic of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with HIV Infection

Atypical cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder (ACLD) is a rare condition that has been associated with HIV infection. Patients with ACLD present with diffuse, erythematous and pruritic skin lesions accompanied by generalized lymphadenopathy. The clinical characteristics of ACLD overlap most notably with several other conditions including Mycosis Fungoides/Sezary Syndrome (MF/SS), a cutaneous lymphoma of T-cell lineage. Unlike Mycosis Fungoides, the noxious infiltrates of ACLD are not monoclonal but polyclonal and consist of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells instead of CD4+ T-cells or B-cells. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been reported to improve ACLD. We describe the case of a Caucasian man with longstanding HIV infection who presented with severe erythroderma. Skin and lymph node biopsies showed polyclonal CD8+ T-cell infiltrates. Gene rearrangement studies did not reveal an obvious clonal disorder. Hallmark peripheral blood findings consisting of a severe depletion of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and markedly elevated CD8+ cells provided an important diagnostic clue. Despite the purported benefits of HAART in ameliorating this disorder, erythroderma and extreme pruritus improved only after the patient began taking mycophenolate mofetil and hydroxyurea. Unfortunately, he succumbed to complications of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. We alert readers to this rare HIV-associated condition which may mimic other benign and malignant skin conditions and briefly discuss diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Review of OCT and fundus images for detection of Macular Edema

Macula is an oval shaped area near the center of human retina that covers the area of 5500 microns and at its center, there is a small pit known as fovea with the diameter of 1500 microns. Macular disorders involve group of diseases that damages macula resulting in blindness or vision loss. Macular Edema `ME' is the most common disease related to macula. The symptoms for this disease usually appear in final stages to patient when it is very difficult to cure it and at that time it causes severe damage to central vision. However if it is detected in early stages then it can be easily cured. Different techniques that are used to detect ME are Fundus Photography (also known as Fundography), Fundus Fluorescein Angiography `FFA' and Optical Coherence Tomography `OCT'. Earlier, Fundography was the most widely used test to detect ME. But now a days OCT is being widely used for detecting ME due to its ability to detect small changes in sub-retinal layers. In this paper, we present a detailed comparison between Fundography and OCT imaging technology for the detection of Macular Edema using our own dataset provided to us by Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO) Rawalpindi. Total 64 patients were studied in this experiment by examining their fundus and OCT images where 15 patients had ME while 49 were healthy persons. OCT images provide an objective evaluation of early macular edema as compared to Fundography.
A mixed finite element method for Darcy's equations with pressure dependent porosity

In this work we develop the a priori and a posteriori error analyses of a mixed finite element method for Darcy’s equations with porosity depending exponentially on the pressure. A simple change of variable for this unknown allows to transform the original nonlinear problem into a linear one whose dual-mixed variational formulation falls into the frameworks of the generalized linear saddle point problems and the fixed point equations satisfied by an affine mapping. According to the latter, we are able to show the well-posedness of both the continuous and discrete schemes, as well as the associated Cea estimate, by simply applying a suitable combination of the classical Babuška-Brezzi theory and the Banach fixed point Theorem. In particular, given any integer k ≥ 0, the stability of the Galerkin scheme is guaranteed by employing Raviart-Thomas elements of order k for the velocity, piecewise polynomials of degree k for the pressure, and continuous piecewise polynomials of degree k+1 for an additional Lagrange multiplier given by the trace of the pressure on the Neumann boundary. Note that the two ways of writing the continuous formulation suggest accordingly two different methods for solving the discrete schemes. Next, we derive a reliable and efficient residualbased a posteriori error estimator for this problem. The global inf-sup condition satisfied by the continuous formulation, Helmholtz decompositions, and the local approximation properties of the Raviart-Thomas and Clément interpolation operators are the main tools for proving the reliability. In turn, inverse and discrete inequalities, and the localization technique based on triangle-bubble and edge-bubble functions are utilized to show the efficiency. Finally, several numerical results illustrating the good performance of both methods, confirming the aforementioned properties of the estimator, and showing the behaviour of the associated adaptive algorithm, are reported.
Application of Singular Value Decomposition to estimation of displacements of deformable grid nodes

This paper presents a method for estimation of a direction of displacements of deformable template nodes in vector fields. Appropriate displacement vectors are determined using singular value decomposition of Jacobian of a field, computed at nodepsilas location. The derived direction can be used for updating node locations if vector information stored at a node does not match local properties of a field.
On the Clinical Significance of Hindsight Bias

To the Editor:-Critics of the &dquo;heuristics and biases&dquo; (H&B) approach to the study of judgment and decision making (Jay Christensen-Szalanskil prominent among them) have argued, first, that the experimental evidence for systematic biases was derived from the psychological laboratory and hypothetical situations, which might not generalize to clinical settings. In response to this criticism, researchers moved
Etiology, pathogenesis and prevention of neural tube defects

ABSTRACT Spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele are commonly grouped together and termed neural tube defects (NTD). Failure of closure of the neural tube during development results in anencephaly or spina bifida aperta but encephaloceles are possibly post‐closure defects. NTD are associated with a number of other central nervous system (CNS) and non‐neural malformations. Racial, geographic and seasonal variations seem to affect their incidence. Etiology of NTD is unknown. Most of the non‐syndromic NTD are of multifactorial origin. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the molecular mechanisms of neurulation in vertebrates but the morphologic development of human neural tube is poorly understood. A multisite closure theory, extrapolated directly from mouse experiments highlighted the clinical relevance of closure mechanisms to human NTD. Animal models, such as circle tail, curly tail, loop tail, shrm and numerous knockouts provide some insight into the mechanisms of NTD. Also available in the literature are a plethora of chemically induced preclosure and a few post‐closure models of NTD, which highlight the fact that CNS malformations are of hetergeneitic nature. No Mendelian pattern of inheritance has been reported. Association with single gene defects, enhanced recurrence risk among siblings, and a higher frequency in twins than in singletons indicate the presence of a strong genetic contribution to the etiology of NTD. Non‐availability of families with a significant number of NTD cases makes research into genetic causation of NTD difficult. Case reports and epidemiologic studies have implicated a number of chemicals, widely differing therapeutic drugs, environmental contaminants, pollutants, infectious agents, and solvents. Maternal hyperthermia, use of valproate by epileptic women during pregnancy, deficiency and excess of certain nutrients and chronic maternal diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus) are reported to cause a manifold increase in the incidence of NTD. A host of suspected teratogens are also available in the literature. The UK and Hungarian studies showed that periconceptional supplementation of women with folate (FA) reduces significantly both the first occurrence and recurrence of NTD in the offspring. This led to mandatory periconceptional FA supplementation in a number of countries. Encouraged by the results of clinical studies, numerous laboratory investigations focused on the genes involved in the FA, vitamin B12 and homocysteine metabolism during neural tube development. As of today no clinical or experimental study has provided unequivocal evidence for a definitive role for any of these genes in the causation of NTD suggesting that a multitude of genes, growth factors and receptors interact in controlling neural tube development by yet unknown mechanisms. Future studies must address issues of gene‐gene, gene‐nutrient and gene–environment interactions in the pathogenesis of NTD.
Heat Capacity, Thermal Conductivity, and Interface Resistance Extraction for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films Using Frequency-Domain Thermoreflectance

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) based on vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) films promise the unusual combination of high thermal conductance and low elastic modulus, properties that are critical for TIM performance and reliability. This paper reports through-plane thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and boundary resistances measured using frequency domain thermoreflectance for seven VACNT films. The films are composed of single-walled carbon nanotubes grown using chemical vapor deposition on Si substrates and have thicknesses from 5.3 to 81 μm. The top surfaces of the films are coated with 100-nm Ti and 100-nm Ag as a transducer layer for the thermoreflectance measurement. The roughness of the top surface of each sample is measured using atomic force microscopy. The average thermal conductivity of the films ranges from 2.1 to 3.5 W m-1 K-1 and the average heat capacity ranges from 5.5 to 9.3 J cm-3 K-1. The heat capacity of the films is used to calculate the volume fraction of tubes that contributes to thermal conduction. The CNT-metal boundary resistances are below 1 m2 K MW-1 and the CNT-substrate resistance ranges from 3 to 80 m2 K MW-1. Variations of the nanotube alignment and morphology throughout the film are also examined using scanning electron micrographs to provide a comprehensive analysis of these films.
Effects of terpineol on nerve Effects of terpineol on the compound action potential of the rat sciatic nerve

Terpineol, a volatile terpenoid alcohol of low toxicity, is widely used in the perfumery industry. It is an important chemical constituent of the essential oil of many plants with widespread applications in folk medicine and in aromatherapy. The effects of terpineol on the compound action potential (CAP) of rat sciatic nerve were studied. Terpineol induced a dose-dependent blockade of the CAP. At 100 μM, terpineol had no demonstrable effect. At 300 μM terpineol, peak-topeak amplitude and conduction velocity of CAP were significantly reduced at the end of 180-min exposure of the nerve to the drug, from 3.28 ± 0.22 mV and 33.5 ± 7.05 m/s, respectively, to 1.91 ± 0.51 mV and 26.2 ± 4.55 m/s. At 600 μM, terpineol significantly reduced peakto-peak amplitude and conduction velocity from 2.97 ± 0.55 mV and 32.8 ± 3.91 m/s to 0.24 ± 0.23 mV and 2.72 ± 2.72 m/s, respectively (N = 5). All these effects developed slowly and were reversible upon 180min washout. Correspondence
Hybrid III--V on Silicon Lasers for Photonic Integrated Circuits on Silicon

This paper summarizes recent advances of integrated hybrid InP/SOI lasers and transmitters based on wafer bonding. At first the integration process of III-V materials on silicon is described. Then the paper reports on the results of single wavelength distributed Bragg reflector lasers with Bragg gratings etched on silicon waveguides. We then demonstrate that, thanks to the high-quality silicon bend waveguides, hybrid III-V/Si lasers with two integrated intra-cavity ring resonators can achieve a wide thermal tuning range, exceeding the C band, with a side mode suppression ratio higher than 40 dB. Moreover, a compact array waveguide grating on silicon is integrated with a hybrid III-V/Si gain section, creating a wavelength-selectable laser source with 5 wavelength channels spaced by 400 GHz. We further demonstrate an integrated transmitter with combined silicon modulators and tunable hybrid III-V/Si lasers. The integrated transmitter exhibits 9 nm wavelength tunability by heating an intra-cavity ring resonator, high extinction ratio from 6 to 10 dB, and excellent bit-error-rate performance at 10 Gb/s.
Impedance Analysis of Longitudinal Bunch Shape Measurements at PLS

We measured the longitudinal bunch shape by a streak camera at 2.5 GeV Pohang Light Source (PLS). The impedances estimated by a series R+L model indicate a resistance R=0.96 kΩ, an inductance L=80 nH and a longitudinal impedance | Z/n|eff= 0.53 Ω . The scaling law for the bunch lengthening is expressed as I0.22. The effects of insertion device in the ring on the impedance, particularly the effect of the vertical height of the in-vacuum undulator currently placed in the PLS ring is also presented.
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its impact on the left ventricular systolic function in the patients with non-diabetic first ST elevation myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MS) is common among the patients with myocardial infarction. The degree of the left ventricular systolic dysfunction is shown to be associated with poor prognosis after myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of MS and its impact on the left ventricular systolic function in non-diabetic patients suffering first ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted prospectively in three centers. We included patients presenting with non-diabetic first acute STEMI. The systolic functions of the left ventricle were assessed through the ejection fraction, the wall motion score index (WMSI) and tissue Doppler myocardial S wave velocities. The diagnosis of MS was done based on the Adult Treatment Panel III clinical definition of the MS. RESULTS Among the 240 patients, 90 patients (37.5%) had MS but 150 patients (62.5%) were free of the MS. The patients in the MS group were older and the prevalence was higher among the females. Mean myocardial S wave velocities were significantly lower in the patients with the MS in comparison to the patients without the MS (6.70 +/- 1.68 vs. 7.39 +/- 1.64; p < 0.01). LVEF and WMSI were similar in two groups. CONCLUSIONS MS was highly common in nondiabetic patients with acute STEMI and left ventricular systolic function were more severely impaired in these patients. Our observations suggest that more severely impaired left ventricular systolic function after acute STEMI may contribute to the higher morbidity and mortality seen in the patients with MS after acute STEMI.