Diabeto-protective studies of albizzia lebbeck and syzygium cumini ( l-syzygium gambolana )

Albizzia lebbeck and Syzygium cumini are two natural plants with secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties, which was shown to have a diabeto-protective effect in animal experiments. There were major reductions in the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione after 30 days of experimental period with STZ suggesting the generation of free radicals in animals. The co-administration of aqueous, methanolic and methanolic fraction of aqueous extract of Albizzia lebbeck and Syzygium cumini significantly increased these antioxidant enzymes and reduced the elevated serum levels of malondialdehyde in the experimental animals. The established diabetoprotective actions of various extracts of Albizzia lebbeck and Syzygium cumini in experimental hepatic injury in rats widens the scope for further investigations in the field of research on other models either alone or in combination with other herbal molecules with proven diabeto-hepato-protective action in clinical practice. © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Bio. Tech. 97 (2016) 41926-41933 Bio Technology Available online at www.elixirpublishers. com (Elixir International Journal) G V Balakrishna et al./ Elixir Bio. Tech. 97 (2016) 41926-41933 41927 The location of peroxide in plasma is not well-defined by these studies but low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been reported to be more prone to oxidation in diabetes (Milani, 2005). Role of Anti-oxidant in Diabetes Extreme caution has to be observed in interpretations of classical indicators of lipid peroxidation in disease processes. Further evidence of oxidative stress can be gathered from examination of antioxidant status. Most importantly, plasma levels of ascorbic acid are decreased in both human and animal diabetes, including white blood cells. Subsequently the level of dehydroascorbate, its primary oxidant product is increased (Rahimi, 2005). Platelet vitamin E level has been observed to be depressed in rats with chemically induced diabetes in IDDM (Dornan, 1982) and in NIDDM (Steams, 1978). Total plasma copper levels are higher in diabetic individuals than normal, and are highest in diabetics with angiopathy and alterations in lipid metabolism (Barbosa, 1984). It is unknown whether this copper is present in the form of ceruloplasmin or as a fraction able to catalyze the oxidation of reducing agents. The evidence that there are abnormalities in transition metal metabolism in diabetes mellitus is derived, in particular, from investigation of the long-term protein modification reactions which accompany diabetes. Blood Glucose Determination STZ treated rats are catabolic in nature and tissues exhibit insulin resistance despite increased in insulin binding (Meyerovithch, 2002). STZ is a B-Cell cytotoxic agent which can result in a deficiency of insulin in the experimental animals and significant increase in the blood glucose level. We found that the blood sugar levels (BSL) were increased significantly (p<0.001) in group 2 (STZ) as compared to group 1 (Control). The STZ also affects lipid levels in animals. These animals exhibit low endogenous production of insulin with high levels of circulating glucose. The BSL levels were decreased significantly (P<0.001) in group 4 (ASW+STZ), group 6 (ASM+STZ) and in group 8 (ASWM+STZ) as compared to group 2 (STZ) (Table-2). This may be because of ability of extracts to improve either the insulin reaction from B-cells or the carbohydrate absorption in experimental animals. Table 1. Effects of administration of Albizzia lebbeck and Syzygium cumini on the levels of blood sugar (Glucose) levels of rats after 30 days of various treatments. Group No Groups BSL (mg/dl) 1 Control 102.5 ± 6.8