Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les lymphomes B diffus à grandes cellules de type activé : rôle de NF-κB et c-Myc.

A l’instar du lymphome de Burkitt (LB) avec la translocation de MYC, les lymphomes diffus a grandes cellules B (DLBCL) par d'autres mecanismes (mutation, amplification, deregulation du promoteur) sont associes a une deregulation de c-Myc, facteur de transcription maitre de la proliferation. Les DLBCL sont classes en deux sous-groupes: « centre germinatif » (GCB) et « cellule B activee » (ABC) avec activation constitutive de NF-κB. Cette activation constitutive de NF-κB peut etre le resultat d'alterations genetiques (MYD88, A20, TRAF2 et TRAF5) ou de l'activation du BCR ou CD40. Ces caracteristiques soulevent la question de la synergie d’action entre NF-κB et c-Myc dans les ABC-DLBCL. Nous avons analyse l’effet d'une activation continue de c-Myc dans un contexte de sur-activation de NF-κB par plusieurs inducteurs. Nos resultats montrent que la surexpression de c-Myc dans un contexte d'induction de NF-κB, i) par le programme EBV latence III, apporte un avantage selectif a ces cellules (expression genique en faveur d'un metabolisme eleve, proliferation intense et protection contre apoptose), ii) par le TLR9 (modele in vivo et in vitro), augmente la survie et la proliferation des lymphocytes B des souris λc-Myc (augmentation des cellules B activees, splenomegalie, augmentation de la proliferation des lymphocytes B, modification du microenvironnement tumoral), et iii) par CD40, induit une lymphomagenese B tres agressive dans les souris doubles transgeniques CD40/Myc, les tumeurs ont un phenotype proche des ABC-DLBCL. Ces resultats suggerent que c-Myc est un evenement co-transformant dans les lymphomes agressifs avec un phenotype active par NF-κB, tel que les ABC-DLBCL.
Cytotoxic Activity Of Non Polar Fraction From Annona Muricata L. Leaves On Hela And Raji Cell Line

The main focus of the research is cancer by a viral infection such as nasopharinx and cervical cancer that have high incidence in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is due to the viral infection known as the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and nasopharing cancer is a cancer that is caused by EBV infection (Eppstein Barr virus). The main priority of nasopharinx and servix cancer treatment is the use of chemotherapeutic agents, but it might also lead to diverse side-effects. The focus of this study was to develop the potency of non polar fraction from Annona muricata L. leaves by observing the cytotoxic effect on Hela and Raji cancer cell line.
CNV Neurons Are Rare in Aged Human Neocortex

Megabase-scale somatic copy number variants (CNVs) alter allelic diversity in a subset of human neocortical neurons. Reported frequencies of CNV neurons range from ∼5% of neurons in some individuals to greater than 30% in other individuals. Genome-wide and familial studies implicitly assume a constant brain genome when assessing the genetic risk architecture of neurological disease, thus it is critical to determine whether divergent reports of CNV neuron frequency reflect normal individual variation or technical differences between approaches. We generated a new dataset of over 800 human neurons from 5 neurotypical individuals and developed a computational approach that measures single cell library quality based on Bayesian Information Criterion and identifies integer-like variant segments from population-level statistics. A brain CNV atlas was assembled using our new dataset and published data from 10 additional neurotypical individuals. This atlas reveals that the frequency of neocortical CNV neurons varies widely among individuals, but that this variability is not readily accounted for by tissue quality or CNV detection approach. Rather, the age of the individual is anti-correlated with CNV neuron frequency. Fewer CNV neurons are observed in aged individuals than young individuals.
SORLA-driven endosomal trafficking regulates the oncogenic fitness of HER2

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogene targeted by several kinase inhibitors and therapeutic antibodies. Endosomal trafficking of many other receptor tyrosine kinases regulates their oncogenic signaling, but the prevailing view is that HER2 is retained on the cell surface. Here we reveal that in cancer cells Sortilin related receptor 1 (SORLA; SORL1) forms a complex with HER2 and regulates its subcellular distribution by promoting recycling of endosomal HER2 back to plasma membrane. Expression of SORLA in cancer cell lines and bladder cancers correlates with HER2 levels. Depletion of SORLA targets HER2 to late endosomal/lysosomal compartments, impairs HER2-driven signaling and in vivo tumor growth. SORLA silencing also disrupts normal lysosome function and sensitizes anti-HER2 therapy sensitive and resistant cancer cells to lysosome-targeting cationic amphiphilic drugs. These findings reveal potentially important SORLA-dependent endosomal trafficking-linked vulnerabilities in HER2-driven cancers.
Inducible expression of immediate early genes is regulated through dynamic chromatin association by NF45/ILF2 and NF90/ILF3

Immediate early gene (IEG) transcription is rapidly activated by diverse stimuli without requiring new protein synthesis. This transcriptional regulation is assumed to involve constitutively expressed nuclear factors that are targets of signaling cascades initiated at the cell membrane. NF45 and its heterodimeric partner NF90 are chromatin-interacting proteins that are constitutively expressed and localized predominantly in the nucleus. Previously, NF90 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) in K562 erythroleukemia cells revealed its enriched association with chromatin at active promoters and strong enhancers. NF90 specifically occupied the promoters of IEGs. Here, ChIP in serum-starved HEK293 cells demonstrated that NF45 and NF90 pre-exist and specifically occupy the promoters of IEG transcription factors EGR1, FOS and JUN. Cellular stimulation with phorbol myristyl acetate increased NF90 occupancy, while decreasing NF45 occupancy at promoters of EGR1, FOS and JUN. In HEK293 cells stably transfected with doxycycline-inducible shRNA vectors targeting NF90 or NF45, doxycycline-mediated knockdown of NF90 or NF45 attenuated the inducible expression of EGR1, FOS, and JUN at the levels of mRNA and protein. NF90 and NF45 operate as constitutively-expressed transcriptional regulators of IEGs. Dynamic chromatin association of NF45 and NF90 at IEG promoters are observed upon stimulation, and NF45 and NF90 contribute to inducible expression of IEGs. NF45 and NF90 operate as chromatin regulators of the immediate early response.
Resilience to shading influenced by differential allocation of biomass in Thalassia testudinum

Seagrasses are marine plants with fully developed leaves, roots, and rhizomes and a high degree of phenotypic plasticity. In the shallow waters along Florida's central Gulf of Mexico coast, leaf morphology of the dominant seagrass, Thalassia testudinum, varies along a spatial gradient in concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in the water column. We examined ratios of aboveground to belowground biomass (AG : BG) for T. testudinum along this gradient to determine if they varied consistently with TP. Ratios were positively correlated with TP, indicating T. testudinum allocated more carbon to leaf biomass relative to belowground biomass as TP increased. To determine if this variation in AG : BG influenced resilience to shading, we carried out an 8‐week, comparative shading experiment in three T. testudinum meadows that spanned the range of recorded ratios. The experiment showed that seagrasses employing a range of AG : BG strategies persisted for 5 weeks with ambient light reduced by ∼ 93%. Thalassia testudinum with intermediate AG : BG exhibited the least severe impacts and strongest recovery when compared to T. testudinum with either high or low AG : BG. Seagrasses with high AG : BG ratios showed the most severe responses and weakest recovery. These results suggest T. testudinum allocates biomass such that growth and survival are maximized under the local, long‐term nutrient regime, which affects the direction and magnitude of a response to a short‐term reduction in light availability. In addition, we suggest that AG : BG is an important metric to monitor in T. testudinum meadows because of its potential to identify areas of high and low resilience.
Characterization of SRE, a gata factor which negatively regulates siderophore synthesis in Neurospora crassa /

All organisms, with the exception of certain lactobacilli, require iron for survival as it plays roles in many reduction/oxidation reactions in central and peripheral metabolism. Bacteria and fungi successfully sequester iron by producing and secreting siderophores, low molecular weight ferric iron chelators that bind ferric iron with high affinity. Several homologous genes encoding proteins involved in regulating siderophore synthesis in fungi have been isolated, including sre from the filamentous fungus Neurospora. Studies undertaken were aimed at characterizing SRE to further understand the regulation of iron homeostasis in Neurospora. The chromosomal position of sre was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping. The sre gene was mapped to the right arm of chromosome IV near the mtr and pdx-1 genes. Compilation of a complete detailed genome map will be useful in the understanding of the molecular biology of an organism. SRE is a member of the GATA factor family, which is comprised of transcription factors that contain either one or two zinc finger motifs that recognize and bind to G A T A containing DNA sequences. The DNA binding properties of SRE were studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). EMSA results demonstrate
THE SOUTH-EASTERN DISTRIBUTION LIMIT OF Apis mellifera, A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF THE HONEY BEES (Apis mellifera L.) OF SISTAN-BELUTSCHISTAN

The western honeybee, Apis mellifera, covers an immense range of natural distribution. In contrast to the limits in the North, West and South defined by the sea, the continental limits in the East are far less clear. Here we present detailed morphometric data on the Bees of Sistan-Belutschistan in the far South-Eastern End of the A. mellifera distribution. These are of particular interest because they inhabit a comparatively narrow desert climate land strip separating the distribution range from the Eastern honey bee, Apis cerana. Samples from the area differed quite substantially from the nextneighboured Iran bee population, particularly by small body size, short hair, coloration patterns, and comparatively broad wings, but were clearly allocated to A. m. meda rather than to other representative A. mellifera subspecies. The study expands the South-Eastern range of A. m. meda by a particularly heat-adapted subpopulation, considerably narrowing the geographic gap to A. cerana in Pakistan.
Refuges and risks: Evaluating the benefits of an expanded MPA network for mobile apex predators

Concurrently, assessing the effectiveness of marine protected areas and evaluating the degree of risk from humans to key species provide valuable information that can be integrated into conservation management planning. Tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) are a wide‐ranging ecologically important species subject to various threats. The aim of this study was to identify “hotspots” of tiger shark habitat use in relation to protected areas and potential risks from fishing.
Diffusion Processes and Related Topics in Biology

I. Preliminaries. - 1. Terminology and Examples. - 2. Markov Processes and the Smolukowski Equation. - 3. Auxiliary Definitions. - II. Diffusion Processes. - 1. Kinetic Equations. - 2. Diffusion Equations. - 3. The Stationary Case. - 4. The Wiener Process. - III. The First Passage Time Problem. - 1. Schrodinger Equation. - 2. Siegert's Method. - 3. Siegert's Moment Relation. - IV. Discrete Models. - 1. Random Walks. - 2. Other Limits of Random Walks. - 3. Extinction and Absorption. - 4. Growth and Extinction in a Random Environment. - 5. Feller's Diffusion Equation. - 6. Diffusion Models for Neuronal Activity. - V. Continuous Models. - 1. Stochastic Differential Equations. - 2. The White Noise. - 3. Special Cases and Examples. - 4. Transformations to the Wiener Process. - 5. Transformations to the Feller Process. - Author Index.
Durabilité de la résistance et mécanisme de tolérance au virus Y de la pomme de terre (PVY) chez Nicotiana tabacum

Le virus Y de la pomme de terre (PVY) est l’un des virus les plus dommageables sur tabac. Pour controler les epidemies de PVY, differents alleles du gene de resistance recessive va ont ete introgresses dans des varietes de tabac. Ce gene recemment clone code pour une copie du facteur d’initiation de la traduction (eIF4E-1). Toutefois, l’emergence de variants de PVY contournant va, dont des isolats necrotiques particulierement severes, montre que cette resistance n’est pas toujours durable. L’objectif du travail de these etait i) de comprendre les mecanismes genetiques modulant la durabilite de la resistance va ii) d’identifier des facteurs genetiques differents de va, controlant une tolerance aux symptomes de necrose nervaire induits par certains isolats de PVY. Le phenotypage, le genotypage et l’analyse du transcriptome de 13 varietes resistantes portant va montrent que le type de mutation affectant le locus eIF4E-1 ainsi que la fonctionnalite et le niveau d’expression d’autres copies d’eIF4E impactent la durabilite de va. Nos donnees permettent de proposer un modele de leurre ou la surexpression de la copie eIF4E-2, sous l’effet de la deletion complete du gene eIF4E-1 et partielle du gene eIF4E-3, limiterait l’apparition de variants contournants, augmentant ainsi la durabilite de la resistance controlee par va. En parallele, un gene R de type NB-LRR nomme NtTPN1 (pour Nicotiana tabacum Tolerance to PVY-induced Necrosis1) a ete identifie comme etant directement implique dans l’absence de developpement de la necrose nervaire induite par les isolats necrotiques de PVY. Le phenotype de tolerance au PVY confere par NtTPN1 ouvre de nouvelles perspectives de controle du PVY et en particulier des isolats necrotiques capables de contourner la resistance liee a va.
Hubungan Dosis Tepung Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) Dengan Tingkat Ekspresi Enzim Ampk-α2 pada Model Tikus Diabetes Melitus

Alternative methods of controlling glucose levels in patients with diabetes is by type of food, either by utilizing yam flour. At the flour contained inulin and resistant starch that can activate the enzyme AMPK-α2. Activation of these enzymes will stimulate glucose transport in skeletal muscle and liver, thus causing a decrease in glucose production. Varying doses of flour is expected to affect the expression of AMPK-α2. This study aims to dosage relationship yam flour (Dioscorea esculenta) with tigkat-α2 AMPK enzyme expression in the nucleus skeletal muscle and liver in mouse models of diabetes mellitus. The study was a quasi-experimental design with Post Test Only Group Design. Rats were divided into 5 (five) groups, healthy mice, the mice with type 2 diabetes, and type 2 groups of diabetic rats with dietary intake yam flour addition of 1.25 g (TG-1:25),), 2.5 g (TG -2.5), 5.0 g (TG-5.0). Yam flour is mixed into the rat diet feed with varying doses. The results showed no significant correlation between the dose of yam flour with AMPK-α2 expression levels in skeletal muscle nuclei (p = 0.312) and liver (p = 0.474) in a mouse model of DM. The need for other studies using other types of food as an alternative arrangement of food for patients with diabetes
Combinaison d’approches classiques et de génétique inverse en vue d'une meilleure compréhension du tropisme et de l'activité oncolytique du réovirus de mammifères

The mammalian reovirus preferentially replicates and kills cancer cells. It is therefore currently used in clinical trials to treat various types of cancers in humans. The main objective of this study was to get a better understanding of the various components involved in the reovirus replication cycle that could potentially be important for the optimization of its oncolytic properties using a combination of traditional approaches and the newly described reverse genetics technique. Classically, the viral persistence approach is undertaken to identify new reovirus variants. This has led to the selection of uncoating mutants in L929 cells. In this study, adapted viruses were recovered from Vero cells (VeroAV) and unlike other persistence mutants, VeroAV had amino acid substitutions on the mu1 and the sigma1 proteins. The reverse genetics approach demonstrated that VeroAV had a better binding ability onto sialic acids of Vero cells. Substitutions on sigma1 were found to be mainly responsible for this phenotype although mu1 substitutions may affect virus infectivity. In a second study, we noticed that the reverse genetics wild-type virus (T3DK) was more sensitive to interferon when compared with the wild-type virus from our laboratory (T3DS). After complete sequencing of the T3DS, we then constructed a T3DS by reverse genetics. This allowed us to proceed in our studies of a mutant virus previously recovered in our laboratory by chemical mutagenesis (P4L-12). It was previously established that P4L-12 had an enhanced replication in transformed cells while sparing the parental cells and this phenotype was correlated to an increased sensitivity to interferon. In this study, amino acid substitutions on the sigma3, mu1, muNS and lambda2 proteins were identified. By using the reverse genetics approach, we demonstrated that the substitution found on the lambda2 protein was primarily responsible for the increase in sensitivity to interferon of P4L-12. The combination of approaches based on persistence or selection of mutants sensitive to interferon followed by characterization with reverse genetics will certainly be useful to get a better understanding of reovirus in order to improve its oncolytic capacity.
Symbiotic interaction in forage crop cultivations: A review

Brazil is an extensive forest plants producer due to the edaphoclimatic conditions though; most part of the soils constituting Brazil’s territorial extension possesses features as low fertility mainly in primary nutrients. Intimate relationships on rhizosphere are mandatory to take effect in order to plants capture and assimilate nutritional elements present in the soil such as the microorganisms present in it. Nitrogen fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are responsible for most part of the organic matter decomposition in the soil and availability of essential nutrients to plants through symbiotic relationship. This relationship can be intensified by practices such as biodiversity enrichment and microbial fauna which occurs in agrosilvopastoral system. Results contribute to better comprehension on those systems towards grassland ecosystems and the vast soil living microorganisms contribution that live in it. Key-words: Bacteria, Micorryzic fungi, Grasses, Leguminous
Performance, gut morphometry and enzymatic activity of broilers fed neonatal supplementation in housing

The objective was to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, morphometry, intestinal length and pancreatic enzyme activity of broilers receiving neonatal supplementation. A total of 900 Cobb 500 broiler chicks was housed in 30 boxes of 2.5 m². The treatments were divided in a completely randomized design with six replications, and consisted of five inclusion levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 grams per bird). The supplement used was based of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which was provided on the ration on the first day in the housing. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (2008) and when significant broken down using a polynomial regression. Due to the inclusion of the neonatal supplement in the period from one to seven and one to 21 days of age, the feed intake presented a linear effect and the weight gain, a quadratic effect. The relative weights of the gizzard and liver showed a quadratic effect, and the inclusions of 4.18 and 3.41 grams/bird provided the lowest weights, respectively. The jejunum villi height decreased with supplementation as well as the activity of pancreatic lipase. It can be concluded that neonatal supplementation benefited the performance of birds up to 21 days of age.
Effects of diet quality and time lapse after meal termination on rumen load, rate of passage and feeding behaviour.

Roughage intake is affected by rumen fill levels and rates of digesta passage through the rumen. Current research work involving modelling of rumen digesta kinetics seek to incorporate various factors that affect rumen fill, and solid and liquid passage rates to develop intake and passage rate prediction models. The aim of this review paper was to discuss factors that affect rates of passage of digesta and rumen digesta load. The paper also sought to identify the major factors that affect digesta passage rates through the rumen. This would necessitate identification of factors critical to inclusion in passage rate prediction models for ruminants. Work done has identified environmental temperature, level of feed intake, body mass, ruminant species, digesta particle size and specific gravity, roughage quality, water intake, animal physiological status and reproductive state as the main factors affecting digesta passage and rumen fill. However, discrepancies on how ambient temperature and particle density (buoyancy) affect the passage rate of digesta in the rumen may cause uncertainty in calibration of temperature and buoyancy in prediction models. The roles of feeding behaviours; times spent eating, ruminating and idling in influencing digesta passage through rumen contractions is still not well understood. The role of animal physiology in influencing digesta passage rate is also critical. Computation of animal production level to account for all the physiological processes that affect passage rate is vital. Failure of mathematical procedures to achieve justifiable outcomes in prediction of rumen load suggests the occurrence of peculiar processes during the period after meal termination. Factors that are eligible for inclusion into passage rate prediction models include; ruminant feeding type, animal characteristics (body weight and mature body weight), feed compositional attributes (DM, NDF, ADF, CP, ash, presence of urea and tannins, and silage/non-silage), degradability parameters (PD, a, b and c), feeding regime (ad-libitum/restricted) and management (grazing/indoors), animal production level (animal physiological status), particle size, potential degradability at half-life (buoyancy), days in pregnancy and/or lactation, and the degree of maturity (physiological age).