Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Forwarding Strategies in Transport Software-Defined Networks

Software-defined networking (SDN) is an innovative technology that aims to improve the network control, while providing an improved usage of virtual resources deployed across modern networks. Recently, telco operators started to adapt the SDN technology in their transport networks, thus boosting the research activities around the Transport-SDN (T-SDN) paradigm. The integration of SDN in transportation networks, however, poses numerous challenges related to the design of efficient routing approaches, working in large-scale and distributed networks. In this context, this paper investigates the design issues addressed by the current scientific literature and provides a cross-comparison of routing techniques published during recent years. The analysis of key features and drawbacks characterizing the reviewed methodologies reveals the lack of routing strategies that could ensure both energy effectiveness and better bandwidth requirements also known as quality of service in a real-time scenario, which is the primary requirement of the modern large-scale telecommunication networks.
A Study of the Global and Local Cu Protrusion in Cu-Filled Through Silicon Vias Under Heat Treatment

Thermo-mechanical reliability problem of Cu-filled through silicon via (TSVs) has been considered as one of the crucial issues for TSV application. Due to the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch is large between Cu and the consistent materials, thus free expansion and shrinkage of Cu will be restrained when working temperature changes. The induced thermal stresses, including axial stresses and interfacial shear stresses, will lead to TSV-Cu protrusion. However, lots of problems are still unsettled about Cu protrusion, the observation and analysis of local Cu protrusion phenomenon is an outstanding problem that needs urgent attention. In order to comprehensively investigate the Cu protrusion phenomenon in Cu-filled TSVs, the mechanism of local Cu protrusion needs to be further studied. In this paper, the Cu-filled TSV interposer samples with blind TSV were utilized in heat treatment experiments to analyze Cu protrusion. According to the different heat treatment parameters, seven samples of TSV interposer were selected, one of which was used as the control sample. Using a tube furnace, six TSV interposer samples were heated to different peak temperatures (250 °C, 350 °C and 450 °C) by two heating modes (samples were heated to peak temperatures in furnace with the heating rate of 10°C /min, samples were placed in the furnace after furnace temperature had risen to peak temperatures). The occurrence of global Cu protrusion and local Cu protrusion was related to possible influence factors including thermal stress, grain growth and void formation. This research was expected to help optimizing the structure and technology design of TSVs and further improve thermo-mechanical properties of TSVs.
Effect of Rapid Thermal Fatigue on Microstructure and Properties of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu Solder Bumps

With the size of the solder joint continues to decrease and the continuous development of high-power devices, Pb-free solder joints have experienced rapid and significant temperature different in electronic packaging. Sn3.0Ag0. 5Cu solder bumps with three (φ3.7mm, φ4.3mm and φ4.7mm) size were used to conduct rapid and traditional thermal shock test, microstructure and property of solder bumps were investigated. With the application of electromagnetic induced heating and cooling circulation system, the solder bumps were rapidly heated and cooled. The results showed that the shear strength of different solder bumps size had the same change tendency after rapid thermal shock. After reflow, the shear strength of solder bumps was the highest. The shear strength of solder bumps was decreased linearly after rapid thermal shock test. Minimum shear strength almost took place at 5500 cycles in all solder bumps. With the increase of the solder ball size, the shear strength of solder bumps was 23.53 MPa, 19.08 MPa, 18.52 Mpa after 5500 rapid thermal shock cycles, the shear strength was reduced by 38.98%, 51.52% and 50.09% respectively. After rapid thermal fatigue, the shear strength had a significant downward trend than traditional thermal fatigue. After 1500 rapid thermal shock cycles, surface cracks and internal cracks of solder bumps were found. The surface of solder bumps was no cracks after traditional thermal shock. Internal cracks of solder bumps were found after 5500 traditional thermal shock cycles.
Oxidoreductases in Glycoprotein Glycosylation, Folding, and ERAD

N-linked glycosylation and sugar chain processing, as well as disulfide bond formation, are among the most common post-translational protein modifications taking place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They are essential modifications that are required for membrane and secretory proteins to achieve their correct folding and native structure. Several oxidoreductases responsible for disulfide bond formation, isomerization, and reduction have been shown to form stable, functional complexes with enzymes and chaperones that are involved in the initial addition of an N-glycan and in folding and quality control of the glycoproteins. Some of these oxidoreductases are selenoproteins. Recent studies also implicate glycan machinery–oxidoreductase complexes in the recognition and processing of misfolded glycoproteins and their reduction and targeting to ER-associated degradation. This review focuses on the intriguing cooperation between the glycoprotein-specific cell machineries and ER oxidoreductases, and highlights open questions regarding the functions of many members of this large family.
An Energy Efficient and Software-Defined Information-Centric Networking Approach to Consumer Mobility

Smart mobility embraces many services that require the exchange of huge amount of data between mobile consumers (e.g., vehicles, drones, smartphones) and fixed producers (e.g., cloud servers). Information Centric Networking emerged more than one decade ago as a suitable approach to build the Future Internet, offering flexible communication primitives for data exchange and native support to mobility. Unfortunately, baseline schemes do not take care of stale forwarding information generated into the core network because of consumer mobility and, as a consequence, it leads to an important waste of bandwidth and a higher energy consumption. An SDN-aided Information-Centric Networking approach has been recently formulated by the same authors of this contribution as a valid solution for the aforementioned issue. This paper further extends these promising research results by evaluating the impact of the amount of energy consumed by intermediary routers. The conducted tests demonstrate the proposed solution effectiveness through computer simulations, by considering different network, mobility, and application scenarios.
Design and Evaluation of Adult Emotional Speech Corpus for Natural Environment

Nowadays, speech corpus plays a fundamental role in the research and development of speech processing technology. This paper mainly focuses on the research and analysis of adult emotional speech corpus construction methods. According to the needs of the research on the emotion recognition of reading speech and spoken speech, this paper studies the construction standard and the corresponding annotation standard of the emotion speech recognition for the natural environment, and designs the specific scheme for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the corpus. Based on this, an emotional speech corpus with multi-level annotation information is constructed. Experiments show that the corpus has balanced coverage of local and global emotional expression while retaining the natural attributes of emotion, which provides a reliable data support for the research of emotion based on speech recognition technology.
On the breeding of Brassica napus obtained from artificially induced ainphidiploids. : III. On the breeding of ynthetic rutabaga

In 1959 the authors succeeded in breeding of 20 amphidiploid plants (genom zic, 2n=19) by the crossing between B. campestris ssp. rapa (variety Shogoin-kabu, aa, n=10. C-symbol) and B. oleracea (variety Cohlrabi, cc, n=9. O-symbol) by bud-pollination by means of cutting style or vegetative approximation (grafting) at relatively low tempe-rature (lower than 20°C). However, no seeds were obtained from crossing between non-treated C and O (Tab. 2). The cross between O and C by the same methods with above mentioned produced no seed at all (Tab. 3). These hybrid seeds were grown in pots in the vinyl house and their chromosomes were duplicated by O.3% colch.icine teatment. Their chromosome numbers in PMC were 2n=38 (aacc) and were named "COK 59" which mean the hybrids C and O crossed that carried out at Komaba(Tokyo) in 1959. The F1 plants at the early stage were smaller than the parents but at four months were far better than the latter. Self-fertility was low but some seeds were obtained by self-pollination In F2, 50% were 2n=38. Three types of root appeared, namely, rutabaga, cohlrabi and rutabaga-cohlrabi type (Fig. 5). The rutabaga type which had good fertility was found in plants of 2n=38. Many F3 seeds were harvested by self- and open-pollination. All F3-plants from self-pollination of F2 With 2n=38 were also 2n=38, but roots cha-racteristic of many plants was generally unlike rutabaga, nevertheless some plants resembling ru-tabaga with fat roots. Rutabaga type was generally the progeny of F1 with fat root. Then, in 1962 F3 COK 62 were crossed with cultivated rutabaga (variety White fleshed neckless) and many seeds were obtained. These new hybrids were named "SSR 62" which meaned semi-synthetic rutabaga, 1962 (Tab. 10 & 11). The strains SSR 62-I∼III were obtained from the crossing between rutabaga types and cultivated rutabaga, and SSR 62-IV were from the crossing between the cohlrabi type and cultivated rutabaga. The strains SSR 62-I∼III have better characteristics than SSR 62-IV, and thls comes to the mind th. at the strains of SSR 62-I-III will meet our expectation.
Intelligent Forecasting System for NPP’s Energy Production

This paper examines existing intelligent forecasting approaches, in particular, for solving the problem of evaluating Nuclear Power Plant’s (NPP’s) energy production. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques contribute to energy consumption forecasting models. Such models considerably improve the accuracy, reliability, and precision contributing to conventional time series forecasting tools. NPPs do physically produce more or less of the demanded amount of energy. The process of calculating imbalances requires a comparison of electricity purchased or sold under contract with the results of commercial metering of physical production and consumption. This study orients to choose the rational approach by reviewing different ML models for energy prediction. Advanced analytics and AI-enabled algorithms can help identify off-line behaviors to increase efficiency and help balance supply and demand. Better shortterm forecasts can improve power planning by enabling operators to both reduce their dependence on polluting stations and activate an increase in the number of alternating sources. Adjusting the amount of energy produced will lead to energy conservation and an improved environmental situation.
High Capacity Wideband Discrete Raman Amplifiers: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Raman amplification is a popular method used to achieve seamless broadband gain. We evaluate the performance of discrete Raman amplifiers (DRAs) in high capacity C+L band transmission with advanced modulation formats and discuss the challenges associated with expanding the bandwidth to S+C+L band and beyond. Possible architectures, pump-signal overlap issues, and machine-learning based gain flattening techniques are considered.
Impact of malnutrition on health‐related quality of life in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

Malnutrition is considered as one of the most important risk factors that adversely affect the quality of life (QOL) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Many clinically useful nutrition assessment techniques are now available, but the usefulness of such techniques in predicting QOL in MHD patients had not been sufficiently tested. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between different nutritional assessment methods, and QOL and identify nutritional parameter that can best predict physical and mental domains of QOL in MHD patients. This cross‐sectional study involved 84 MHD patients. Nutritional status was assessed by using International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism criteria for diagnosis of protein‐energy wasting (PEW), malnutrition inflammation score (MIS), subjective global assessment (SGA), anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and biochemical tests. Quality of life was evaluated by using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (36 KDQOL‐36). Only mental health composite component of QOL (MHC) showed statistically significant differences between PEW and non‐PEW groups. MHC was correlated with serum albumin, MIS, and SGA. Physical health composite component (PHC) was correlated with age, hemodialysis duration, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, educational level, serum creatinine and ferritin, MIS, and SGA. On multiple linear regression analysis, MIS was found to be the most significant predictor of PHC while none of the nutritional parameters can predict MHC. Malnutrition is not uncommon problem in MHD patients that is associated with poor QOL. There are multiple factors associated with PHC and only malnutrition afflicts MHC in those patients.
Performance Analysis of Everton Football Club Based on Tracking Data

Competitive team sports are one of the most informative scenarios in the research of team cooperation analysis. However, there is a lack of simple, robust and accurate key event-based methods when evaluating the performance of a soccer team. In this paper, we first built a ball-passing network to facilitate teamwork analysis of a soccer team, with the help of which we then proposed a novel model for quality assessment based on highlight moments to evaluate the performance of the team. Further, we develop a third model to identify the rhythm conversion of offensive/defensive tactics so as to quantify them. Using spatiotemporal tracking data of key events in 38 Premier League games, a comprehensive and systematic analysis is formed on the performance of both the team staff and players of the Everton Football Club. Also, the key factors to the match result are quantitatively explored and modeled.
Research on the Usability of Three-Dimensional Interactive Gestures of Virtual Assembly

By studying the basic design principles of human-computer natural interaction and the related theories of three-dimensional interactive gestures, aiming at the problems of lack of theoretical guidance and unclear usability level of gesture interaction design in the field of virtual assembly, the gesture usability evaluation index model oriented towards virtual assembly is constructed based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Using usability theory as a guide, analyzing usability influencing factors, summarizing usability evaluation indicators, calculating the importance of each usability indicator, and designing and evaluating the rationality of different gesture sets to verify the indicators and weight distribution, this article provides data support and theoretical basis for the design of 3D interactive gestures for virtual assembly.
SRNPU: An Energy-Efficient CNN-Based Super-Resolution Processor With Tile-Based Selective Super-Resolution in Mobile Devices

In this article, we propose an energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) based super-resolution (SR) processor, super-resolution neural processing unit (SRNPU), for mobile applications. Traditionally, it is hard to realize real-time CNN-based SR on resource-limited platforms like mobile devices due to its massive amount of computation workload and communication bandwidth with external memory. The SRNPU can support the tile-based selective super-resolution (TSSR) which dynamically selects the proper sized CNN in a tile-by-tile manner. The TSSR reduces the computational workload of CNN-based SR by 31.1 % while maintaining image restoration performance. Moreover, a proposed selective caching based convolutional layer fusion (SC<sup>2</sup>LF) can reduce 78.8 % of external memory bandwidth with 93.2 % smaller on-chip memory footprint compared with previous layer fusion methods, by only caching short reuse distance intermediate feature maps. Additionally, reconfigurable cyclic ring architecture in the SRNPU enables maintaining high PE utilization by amortizing the reloading process caused by SC<sup>2</sup>LF operation under various convolutional layer configurations. The SRNPU is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology and occupies <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup> die area. The SRNPU has a peak power efficiency of 1.9 TOPS/W at 0.75 V, 50 MHz. The SRNPU achieves 31.8 fps <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> scale Full-HD generation and 88.3 fps <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> scale Full-HD generation with higher restoration performance and power efficiency than previous SR hardware implementations. To the best of our knowledge, the SRNPU is the first ASIC implementation of the CNN-based SR algorithm which supports real-time Full-HD up-scaling.
Design and Performance of Large Port Count Optical Switches for Intra Data Centre Application

This paper discusses the performances of large port count optical switches based on silicon photonics technologies for creating optical-circuit/electrical-packet hybrid switching systems applicable to hyperscale data centres. The low control latency and ultra-low blocking probability of optical switches are demonstrated; both are made possible by optical switch parallelism that matches the trend in merchant silicon switch chip advances and by a decentralized control mechanism. The analytical results of optical switch set-up/tear-down control latency are presented, and less than $20\ \mu\mathrm{s}$ latency for 200 m link length is derived.
INTRODUCTION The coming of age of marine ornithology

The founders of the at-sea study of marine birds were scientists who had the opportunity to go to sea on cruises designed for other purposes. Likewise, the first studies of seabirds in colonies were parts of larger expeditions or programs. Data were obtained by direct observation and manual recording in the field. With the advent of the miniaturization of electronics, data acquisition has become largely automated, the types of questions addressed are more sophisticated, and the analysis of large data sets has greatly advanced. As the field has matured, at-sea observations have become collaborative efforts between ornithologists and traditional oceanographers, and colony studies have begun to address fundamental questions of evolution and ecology. The continued development of devices that reveal the behavior and physiology of free ranging birds provides exciting opportunities for the expansion of marine ornithology.
Photoelectric Characteristics of An 18 GHz Electronic-opto Modulator

Integrated Microwave Photonics (IMWP), which aims at the incorporation of MWP components/ subsystems in photonic circuits, is crucial for the implementation of both low-cost and advanced analog optical front-ends, thus has attracted great interest. In this research, we introduced a four-channel direct-modulated electronic-opto convertor module modulated based on Optoelectronic assembling and Packaging Technology, which integrated function blocks, i.e. RF amplifier, RF equalizer, semiconductor high-speed laser, optical lens, MCU, AD/DA, etc. in a 25-pin compact package with external SMPM and optical fiber pigtail connection. The coupling of supervision/control signals are coupled to RF/Optical components by wire-bonding and pin insulator. The implementation of internal connection methods, compared with traditional fibers and RF cables, will bring much benefit including smaller size and lower cost. Based on test results, we realized 18GHz electronic-opto modulation bandwidth with 5 dB insertion loss and <2.5 VSWR; and each channel is working at single mode status with wavelength interval around 5nm, and single mode suppression ratio better than 55 dBc. The relation between link noise figure and optical insertion loss is also analyzed.
Towards Software Value Co-Creation with AI

We present a vision called "value co-creation of software by artificial intelligence (AI) and developers. " In this vision, AI and developers work in collaboration as equal partners to co-create business and societal values through software system development and operations. Towards this vision, we discuss AI automation for development focusing on machine learning by introducing examples, including our own. Finally, we envision the future of value co-creation by AI and developers.
Guiding Principles for Trench Schottky Barrier Diodes Based on Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors: A Case Study in Ga₂O₃

Ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors such as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> can support a much higher electric field than traditional wide bandgap semiconductors, thus promising an unprecedentedly low conduction loss. However, the maximum electric field in regular Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) is limited due to the constraint set by the reverse leakage current. On the other hand, a trench SBD structure allows for a much higher electric field to be sustained thanks to the reduced surface field (RESURF) effect. In this article, the guiding principles for trench SBDs are investigated through a case study in Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The advantages of trench SBDs are discussed both by quantitative analysis of the ON-state voltage drop (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), as well as by a review of the state-of-the-art Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> device performance. It is found that for kilovolt-class operation, the trench SBD structure is not only preferred but arguably necessary for high-efficiency Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> rectifiers. In addition, the effects of fin/trench geometry on the specific ON-resistance and the electric-field profile are investigated. A design flow oriented toward device performance targets is presented, together with an example design of a 1375-V Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> trench SBD, showing that a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (defined at 100 A/cm<sup>2</sup>) of below 1 V can be obtained. These results highlight the importance in harnessing the high breakdown field of UWBG semiconductors through trench SBDs for efficient power rectifiers, and provide valuable insights into the device design and optimization.