Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detectors Tuning in the Intelligent Intrusion Detection Systems

Modern Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems operate with large amount of data. Most host-based systems can analyze big number of traffic features in real-time mode. But the network-based systems cannot gather and analyze network connections in the same way because of the high network speed and traffic overload. One of the approaches is based on the analysis of intrinsic and statistical traffic features using AI methods including artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms. In this work some aspects of ANN-based detectors’ tuning are reviewed. Such tuning is done using genetic algorithms and special fine-tune algorithms. Comparison with non-tuned detectors is given.
ANALYSIS OF STEGANOGRAPHIC METHODS IN DCT DOMAIN

The main role of steganalysis is a successful detection of secret communication. This communication is exclusively created by steganography. Steganographic methods deals with hiding a secret information into any type of multimedia data, for example to static images. Among basic requirements to steganographic systems belongs the perceptual transparency. Inserted information is perceptually transparent if an average subject is unable to distinguish any difference between data before and after embedding process. Nevertheless, each steganographic method necessarily causes some change in some statistical parameter. It represents the basis for building a successful steganalyzer. In this article are tested the impact of four steganographic methods to the selected statistical parameters which are usually utilized in the image objective quality assessment. Specifically, peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized cross correlation, a local histogram of DCT coefficients and sample variance. The contribution of the article consists in the usage of results in the theory of statistical vector creation in building the particular image steganalytic method.
Application of Semantic Tagging to Academic Paper Services

--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------As the semantic web becomes more common, interactive data have gotten more important. In academic papers which provide online publish services, therefore, their usage and strength can be enhanced by applying semantic tagging. Semantic tagging makes it possible to understand the characteristics and categories of tagged words at a glance and use them for visualization. If detailed explanation on the tagged words can also be viewed at the same time while reading a paper, in addition, readers’ convenience and legibility can be improved simultaneously. This study compared the keywords tagged in Spotlight and TAGME respectively and those tagged in both systems. Among 10 papers in 5 subjects, those with improved keyword matching accounted for 70%, 60%, 50%, 60% and 80% respectively. In all topics, Spotlight was higher than TAGME in terms of average index, revealing a similar pattern. Therefore, it was estimated that there would be a correlation between Spotlight and TAGME by topic. Then, improvement in performances when Spotlight and TAGME are integrated would be examined. If tagged including TAGME instead of using Spotlight only, improved performances are expected. Using more appropriate resources for each domain as LOD, furthermore, it should be able to tag more diverse words in more accurate fashion in addition to DBpedia Spotlight and TAGME. Then, the efficiency of development and tag results could be enhanced by sorting and clearly classifying diverse resources simultaneously.
Foraging areas of Rousettus leschenaulti on the Hainan Island of China

We investigated the foraging area of three individuals (1 female and 2 males) of Rousettus leschenaulti (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) in suburban Haikou City, Hainan Province, South China from November 2005 to January 2006 using radio teleme- try. These animals left the daytime roosting sites about 90 min after sunset with no significant difference in departure time be- tween the male and female bats. The average active times were 391.8 min for males and 533.7 min for the female, respectively. By reconstructing 93 radio-telemetry recording positions, we found that the long axis of foraging area of the bats ranged from 7.45 to 11.70 km. The foraging area of the female (3867 ha) was larger than that of the males (1138 ha), and there was overlap between the foraging areas of different individuals. These bats usually kept the same flight routes across a few successive days from the daytime roosting site to the foraging areas. Our findings suggested that female R. leschenaulti may explore a larger foraging area than males. No obvious territorial behaviors were observed in our studied area (Current Zoology 56 (4): 479-484, 2010).
Plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizae under elevated temperature and drought

Aims Climate change is predicted to cause both increased temperatures and changes in precipitation, leading to more severe droughts in some areas. How these changes will affect plant growth may depend in part on biotic context. Most vascular plants form symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), root symbionts that provide soil nutrients to plants in exchange for carbohydrates, which may reduce the effects of environmental stresses on plants. We investigated if AMF modified temperature and drought effects on plant growth, fitness and defenses against herbivory. Methods We manipulated AMF presence, temperature and water availability on bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) in a field setting to measure plant growth and fitness responses. In a growth chamber experiment, we also investigated if AMF influenced insect herbivores feeding on plants at elevated temperatures. Important findings Drought consistently reduced plant growth, and AMF did not change drought impacts. However, with sufficient water, AMF tended to benefit plant growth and flower production (but not fruit production) compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. In the growth chamber, temperature and AMF influenced plant protein and phosphorus contents, but not defensive chemistry or herbivore performance. Thus, AMF may ameliorate the effects of temperature stress due to climate change on plants by increasing growth and nutrient content, but these effects do not extend to the constitutive herbivory defenses examined here.
Semi-Supervised Neural Networks for Nested Named Entity Recognition

In this paper, we investigate a semi-supervised learning approach based on neural networks for nested named entity recognition on the GermEval 2014 dataset. The dataset consists of triples of a word, a named entity associated with that word in the first-level and one in the second-level. Additionally, the tag distribution is highly skewed, that is, the number of occurrences of certain types of tags is too small. Hence, we present a unified neural network architecture to deal with named entities in both levels simultaneously and to improve generalization performance on the classes that have a small number of labelled examples.
NuSTAR and NICER reveal IGR J17591–2342 as a new accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar

We report the discovery by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J17591–2342. Coherent X-ray pulsations around 527.4 Hz (1.9 ms) with a clear Doppler modulation were detected. This implies an orbital period of ∼8.8 h and a projected semi-major axis of ∼1.23 lt-s. With the binary mass function, we estimate a minimum companion mass of 0.42 M⊙, obtained assuming a neutron star mass of 1.4 M⊙ and an inclination angle lower than 60°, as suggested by the absence of eclipses or dips in the light curve of the source. The broad-band energy spectrum, obtained by combining NuSTAR, swift and INTEGRAL observations, is dominated by Comptonisation of soft thermal seed photons with a temperature of ∼0.7 keV by electrons heated to 21 keV. We also detect black-body-like thermal direct emission that is compatible with an emission region of a few kilometers and a temperature compatible with the seed source of Comptonisation. A weak Gaussian line centred on the iron Kα complex can be interpreted as a signature of disc reflection. A similar spectrum characterises the NICER spectra, which was measured when the outburst faded.
The Tourism and Travel Industry and its Effect on The Great Recession: A Multilevel Survival Analysis

Does a country with a heavy dependence on a tourism economy have a tendency to succumb to more risk in a recession? With the shift from manufacturing-based economies in the developing world toward service-based industries, including tourism, a reliance on the tourism industry may erode economic stability in tourism-based countries, making them more prone to fall into a recession due to higher risks. In this paper, we wish to emphasise the positive impact of tourism specialisation indices in the international economy on the probability occurrence of a so-called Great Recession. This article uses a multilevel survival analysis and a generalised linear mixed-effect (GLMM) structure modelling to investigate the impact of tourism development on the probability of recession frequency (risk in terms of months of duration and severity), by using data collected from 2007 to 2013 from 71 countries around the world, to see if recession frequency is positively correlated with the various indicators of tourism development. Two GLMMs were fitted to this data: logistic regression and count regression with a Poisson distribution. Results for both regressions show considerable evidence that the ratio between the number of overnight stays and the resident population and travel services as a percentage of commercial service exports positively impacts the probability for a country (from our sample) to experience a recession event and can make recession worse in terms of severity, measured in months.
Effect of the Yoga on Anthropometric and Physical Assessments in Adolescent Obesity

Background: Adolescent Obesity is causing serious public health concern and in many countries threatening the viability of basic health care delivery. Many co-morbid conditions are seen in association with adolescent obesity. Interventions based on Yoga principles are found to have effective solutions for adolescent obesity. Aim: To evaluate the effect of the Yoga based intervention on anthropometric and physical assessments in Adolescent Obesity Methods: RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) was conducted on 53 obese adolescents for 40 days. Special yoga based training Program was conducted for yoga group. Parameters like weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) parameters, pulse rate, blood pressure, MAC (Mid Upper Arm Circumferences), Ac (Abdominal Circumference), Waist Circumference (WC), HC (Hip Circumference) along with physical tests like sit ups and Flamingo balance tests were assessed before and after intervention for both yoga and control groups. Within and between groups analyses of the variables were analysed. Result: The study showed significant reduction in weight, body mass index, Hip circumference, and total body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat throughout the body in yoga group and percentage of improvement is more in yoga group than that of control group. Conclusion: Yoga based intervention is effective to reduced obesity in adolescent children with respect to anthropometric and physical assessments.
Video quality measurement based on objective quality metrics

Die Verbreitung von multimedialen Inhalten, vor allem aber von Video- und Filmmaterial uber das Internet hat in den letzten Jahren bestandig zugenommen. Die Anzahl der Video-Streaming Dienste wachst, wahrend sich Plattformen fur die Verbreitung von nutzergenerierten Inhalten weiterhin hochster Beliebtheit erfreuen. Die Benutzer erwarten Videos in bestmoglicher Qualitat, unabhangig von diversen Einschrankungen wie zum Beispiel der Bandbreite. Fur Provider ist es deshalb umso wichtiger, die richtigen Parameter bei der Videokompression zu verwenden und die Qualitat der produzierten Videos standig zu uberwachen. In den letzten Jahren gab es viele Forschungsprojekte mit dem Ziel neuere oder bessere Algorithmen zur Qualitatsbestimmung in Videos zu entwickeln. Das primare Ziel dieser Studie ist die Identifikation der kritischen Encoder-Einstellungen mit dem Fokus auf Streaming uber mobile Endgerate. Das Ziel des Experimentes ist es, den Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Encoder-Parametern auf die wahrgenommene Qualitat zu untersuchen. Die Daten fur diese Studie wurden durch ein Experiment mit 22 Videoclips, die alle zwischen sieben und 14 Sekunden lang sind, gewonnen. Die Videos mit einer Auflosung zwischen 320p und 1080p wurden mit unterschiedlichen Encoder-Einstellungen encodiert. Durch die Kombination verschiedener Einstellungen ergeben sich 23100 theoretische Moglichkeiten der Encodierung. Als Basis fur das Experiment diente der H.264/AVC Encoder, welcher frei verfugbar und auserdem heute auch noch einer der am haufigsten verwendeten Encoder ist. Um die Qualitat der encodierten Videos zu messen wurden objektive Methoden wie PSNR, SSIM und VQM zwischen Referenzvideo und encodierten Video berechnet. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigten, dass nur eine Reduktion der Bitrate die Videoqualitat signifikant beeinflusst, wahrend GOP Lange, Buffergrose und Auflosung keinen Einfluss auf die Videoqualitat nahmen. Den Ergebnissen zufolge erhalten Videos mit einer Bitrate uber 400 kBit/s das Pradikat sehr gut hinsichtlich ihrer Qualitat, wahrend Videos, die mit einer Bitrate von 200 KBit/s und darunter encodiert wurden, schlechtere Ergebnisse erzielten. Der Inhalt eines Videos hat masgebenden Anteil an der Leistung der Encoder und der daraus folgenden Videoqualitat des Endproduktes. Die Ergebnisse der drei Algorithmen PSNR, SSIM und VQM liefern auf den ersten Blick ein ahnliches Ergebnis, detaillierte Einblicke zeigen dann aber, dass die Metriken nicht vergleichbar sind.
Extraction of Facial Features for Depression Detection among Students

Psychological health of college students prove a vital role on their overall academic performance. Neglecting this can result in several problems such as stress, anxiety, depression etc. These problems need to be detected and controlled at the initial stages itself for the better mental health of the student. Detecting depression in a vast no of college students is challenging task. Most of the students are totally unaware that they may be having depression. If at all they are aware of it, some students conceal their depression from everyone. So an automated system is required that will pick out the students who are dealing with depression. A system has been proposed here which captures frontal face videos of college students, extracts the facial features from each frame and analyses these facial features to detect signs of depression in them. This system will be trained with of frontal face images of happy, contempt and disgust faces. The presence of these features in the video frames will be analyzed to predict depression in the students. Keywords— Keywords—Image processing, Feature Extraction, Facial Features, Depression Detection.
Business model choices for value creation of mobile services

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the link between business model decisions and customer value creation for mobile services.Design/methodology/approach – An empirical survey was conducted of 54 service provider professionals across six mobile services.Findings – The paper reveals that there is a categorization of mobile services according to extrinsic and intrinsic effects on end‐user values. Mobile specificity is found to be the most influential business model option. The research model was found to be adequate for empirical studies.Research limitations/implications – This is an explorative study.Practical implications – The findings of this study can be used by service providers of mobile services to choose options that improve the customer value of a service.Originality/value – This paper is a new economic study of the link between a business model and performance based on end‐user values. It is of value for service providers and researchers.
RISK PREFERENCES AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION DIFFERENTIALS OF FOOD CROP FARMERS

Apprehension of risk induces certain behaviour into a farmer and this would grossly affect enterprise selection and consequently his resource use and allocation pattern. In this study, risk preferences of food crop farmers in Osun State were measured and efficient resource use and allocation patterns were modeled and suggested. Data from 165 farmers, obtained using a two-stage sampling procedure were used in the study. Analytical tools were descriptive statistics, Risk Behavioural Model (RBM) and Target Minimization of Total Absolute Deviation (T-MOTAD). Risk averse farmers were 144 representing 87.3 percent while the risk preferers were 21 representing 12.7 percent. However risk preference was higher among the males, farmers with larger farm sizes and smaller household sizes. Efficient utilization of labour and borrowed capital was discovered among the risk preferers than the risk averters; hence a significant difference existed in their returns (P< 0.01). It is recommended that farm management research and the extension packages should be channel to the farmers while considering the socio-economic environments that characterize their risk preferences.
Les fils photoniques : une géométrie innovante pour la réalisation de sources de lumière quantique brillantes

Cette these presente la realisation d'une source de photons uniques basee sur une boite quantique InAs integree dans un fil photonique. Un fil photonique est un guide d'onde monomode constitue d'un materiau de fort indice de refraction (GaAs dans notre cas). Pour un diametre optimal voisin de 200 nm, pratiquement toute l'emission spontanee de l'emetteur (longueur d'onde dans le vide 950 nm) est dirigee vers le mode guide fondamental. Le couplage des photons guides a un objectif de microscope est ensuite optimise en travaillant la geometrie des extremites du fil. Ce dernier repose ainsi sur un miroir integre et presente une extremite superieure en forme de taper. Cette approche non resonante combine de tres bonnes performances a une grande tolerance sur la longueur d'onde de l'emetteur integre. Cette these discute la physique des fils photoniques, la realisation des structures en salle blanche et les resultats obtenus lors de la caracterisation optique. En particulier, nous avons realise une source combinant une efficacite record (0.72, etat de l'art a 0.4) et une emission de photons uniques tres pure. Nous discutons egalement le controle de la polarisation obtenu dans des fils de section elliptique.
Second Opinions in Markets for Expert Services: Experimental Evidence

We experimentally investigate the role of second opinions in markets where experts such as physicians both diagnose and provide the services. Physicians may exploit their informational advantage and overtreat their patients by providing a more costly and expensive treatment than necessary. We show that introducing costly second opinions significantly reduces the level of overtreatment. Lowering search costs leads to significantly more second opinions, but the overtreatment level does not decrease. Under low but not under high search costs, market efficiency rises with the introduction of second opinions, as the reduction in treatment costs due to less overtreatment exceeds the increase in incurred search costs.
Coated nonmagnetic spheres with a negative index of refraction at infrared frequencies

Received 4 October 2005; revised manuscript received 28 November 2005; published 6 January 2006A three-dimensional lattice of micron-scale coated spheres is shown to have an isotropic negative index ofrefraction at infrared frequencies. The materials used are entirely non-magnetic. The Mie scattering theory ofthe constituent spheres is used in the effective medium theory. The physical mechanisms and procedures arepresented in the design of a negative effective permeability with solid polaritonic spheres, as well as a negativeeffective permittivity with solid Drude spheres. It is then shown that a collection of polaritonic spheres coatedwith a thin layer of Drude material can exhibit a negative index of refraction at infrared frequencies. Com-parison with numerical photonic band structure calculations veriﬁes the theory.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.73. 045105 PACS number s : 78.20. Ci, 41.20. Jb, 42.30. d, 42.70. Qs
Multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films processed via chemical solution deposition: Structural and electrical characterization

Polycrystalline BiFeO3 thin films were fabricated on (111)Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrates via Bi-acetate- and Fe-acetylacetonate-based chemical solution deposition and spin-coating techniques. The processing parameters were optimized in order to obtain films with high resistivity. The optical properties (refractive indices and extinction coefficients) were measured by means of ellipsometry (HeNe laser, λ=632.8A). Microstructure characterization was made by means of atomic force microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffractometry (XRD), and texture analysis. Additionally, powders prepared from a stoichiometric precursor were investigated by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses and XRD. It is demonstrated that the formation of perovskite-type BiFeO3 is accompanied by the appearance of bismuth oxide at low temperatures which then transforms into Bi36Fe2O57. For the films it was found that annealing in oxygen leads to higher indices of refraction, lower roughness, and smaller grain size. Compl.
Sequential Investment in Gas-Fired Power Plants

Investment in electric power generation is subject to both regulatory and market uncertainty, and a long regulatory approval process. Development projects happen in stages, where one does initial screening and analysis, apply for regulatory approval, construction and finally operation. As more information is revealed about future viability, developers postpone, proceed with or abandon the projects sequentially. In this paper we investigate investment in new gas-fired power plants, important in electricity markets for their ability to maintain system reliability.
What is a cognitive map? Organising knowledge for flexible behaviour

It is proposed that a cognitive map encoding the relationships between entities in the world supports flexible behaviour, but the majority of the neural evidence for such a system comes from studies of spatial navigation. Recent work describing neuronal parallels between spatial and non-spatial behaviours has rekindled the notion of a systematic organisation of knowledge across multiple domains. We review experimental evidence and theoretical frameworks that point to principles unifying these apparently disparate functions. These principles describe how to learn and use abstract, generalisable knowledge and suggest map-like representations observed in a spatial context may be an instance of general coding mechanisms capable of organising knowledge of all kinds. We highlight how artificial agents endowed with such principles exhibit flexible behaviour and learn map-like representations observed in the brain. Finally, we speculate on how these principles may offer insight into the extreme generalisations, abstractions and inferences that characterise human cognition.