Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plastic ingestion by Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes from Kure Atoll, Hawai'i: Linking chick diet remains and parental at-sea foraging distributions

HYRENBACH, K.D. , HESTER, M.M. , ADAMS, J., TITMUS, A.J., MICHAEL, P., WAHL, T. , CHANG, C. -W. , MARIE, A. & VANDERLIP, C. 2017. Plastic ingestion by Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes from Kure Atoll, Hawai’i: Linking chick diet remains and parental at-sea foraging distributions. Marine Ornithology 45: 225–236. We quantified the incidence (percentage of samples with plastic) and loads (mass, volume) of four plastic types (fragments, line, sheet, foam) ingested by Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes chicks raised on Kure Atoll, the westernmost Hawaiian colony. All 25 samples contained plastic, mostly in the form of foam and line. On average (± SD), boluses and stomachs contained 28.2 ± 14.3 g and 40.3 ± 29.0 g of plastic, respectively. Plastic was the dominant indigestible material in the boluses and the stomach samples, accounting for 48.8%–89.7% of the bolus mass (mean 67.4 ± 12.1%, median 67.5%, n = 20), and for 18.2%–94.1% of the stomach content mass (mean 70.0 ± 30.3%, median 75.6%, n = 5). Although the ingested plastic fragments ranged widely in size, most (92% in boluses, 91% in stomachs) were mesoplastics (5–25 mm), followed by macroplastics (>25 mm; 7% in boluses, 6% in stomachs), and microplastics (1–5 mm; 1% in boluses, 4% in stomachs). Yet the two fragment size distributions were significantly different, with more small-sized items (3–8 mm) in stomachs and with more large-sized items (46–72 mm) in boluses. To investigate where albatross parents collect this material, we tracked seven provisioning adults during 14 foraging trips using satellite-linked transmitters. The tracked birds foraged west of Kure Atoll (180–150°E, 30–40°N) and spent most of their time over pelagic waters (>2 000 m deep; averaging 89 ± 9%), with substantial time over seamounts (averaging 11 ± 7%). Together, these results indicate that Black-footed Albatross chicks at Kure Atoll ingest plastics sourced by their parents foraging in waters of the western North Pacific. Provisioning adults forage within an area of surface convergence, downstream from the Kuroshio Current, and frequently visit seamounts northwest of the Hawaiian archipelago.
Pulsed positive corona streamer propagation and branching

The propagation and branching of pulsed positive corona streamers in a short gap is observed with high resolution in space and time. The appearance of the pre-breakdown phenomena can be controlled by the electrode configuration, the gas composition and the impedance of the pulsed power circuit. In a point-wire gap the positive corona shows much more branching than in the parallel plane gap with a protrusion. In air, the branching is more pronounced than in argon. The pulsed power circuit appears to operate in two modes, either as an inductive circuit creating a lower number of thick streamers or as a resistive circuit giving a higher number of thin streamers. A possible cause for branching is electrostatic repulsion of two parts of the streamer head. The electric field at the streamer head is limited, the maximum values found are ∼170 kV cm −1 in air and ∼100 kV cm −1 in argon. At these maximum field strengths, the electrons have 5–10 eV energy, so the ionization is dominated by two-step processes. Differences between argon and ambient air in the field strength at which streamers propagate are ascribed to the difference in de-excitation processes in noble and molecular gases. The fact that the pulsed power circuit can control the streamer structure is important for applications, but this effect must also be taken into account in fundamental studies of streamer propagation and branching.
Sparsity and Continuity Enhancing Seismic Imaging

A non-linear singularity-preserving solution to the least-squares seismic imaging problem with sparseness and continuity constraints is proposed. The applied formalism explores curvelets as a directional frame that, by their sparsity on the image, and their invariance under the imaging operators, allows for a stable recovery of the amplitudes. Our method is based on the estimation of the normal operator in the form of an 'eigenvalue' decompsoition with curvelets as the eigenvectors'. Subsequently, we propose an inversion method that derives from estimation of the normal operator and is formulated as a convex optimization problem. Sparsity in the curvelet domain as well as continuity along the reflectors in the image domain are promoted as part of this optimization. Our method is tested with a reverse-time 'wave-equation' migration code simulating the acoustic wave equation.
Quantifying the net slab pull force as a driving mechanism for plate tectonics

It has remained unclear how much of the negative buoyancy force of the slab (FB) is used to pull the trailing plate at the surface into the mantle. Here I present three‐dimensional laboratory experiments to quantify the net slab pull force (FNSP) with respect to FB during subduction. Results show that FNSP increases with increasing slab length and dip up to ∼8–12% of FB, making FNSP up to twice as large as the ridge push force. The remainder of FB is primarily used to drive rollback‐induced mantle flow (∼70%), to bend the subducting plate at the trench (∼15–30%) and to overcome shear resistance between slab and mantle (0–8%).
Comparison of Antioxidative Effect of Tea and Sesame Seed Oils Extracted by Different Methods

Tea and sesame seed oils extracted by different methods (including supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), at a pressure of 350 atm, a temperature of 60 o C, a static extraction time of 20 minutes, a dynamic extraction time of 30 minutes and 150 g kg -1 of ethanol as a modifier). Solvent (SE) and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UE)), as natural antioxidants, were evaluated during 15 days storage by monitoring their effects on refined sunflower oil at 60 o C. The peroxide value (PV) and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were used to assess the antioxidant activity of these extracted oils. The highest extraction yields were from SE and SFE, while UE gave a lower yield. Considering oil extraction yield and antioxidant activity, SE and SFE were the preferred methods. The results showed that tea seed oil had strong antioxidant activity, which was almost equal to sesame oil. Therefore, tea seed oil can be used in the same way as sesame seed oil in fat, oil and other food products as a natural antioxidant to suppress lipid oxidation.
A Survey on Data control from sender using cloud computing

To store data more efficiently in cloud security must also be taken into considerations. When certain information is stored in Cloud, it actually means that it resides outside an organization's structure bounds. This results in loss of data and information which leads to low cost security issues that, reduces adoption of Cloud computing techniques. This paper surveys mainly on data-centric access control with enriched role-based quality focusing security as a target, protecting user information despite the Cloud service provider that holds it. It also deals with identity based encryption and proxy re-encryption techniques to protect the authorization model.
Localized basal motion of a polythermal Arctic glacier:McCall Glacier, Alaska, USA

Abstract We analyzed the ice flow of McCall Glacier, Alaska, USA, by numerical glacier modeling and radio-echo sounding (RES). Model experiments were carried out with a higher-order numerical ice-flow model, and results were validated with measurements of annual ice velocities and compared with previous estimates of ice-flow dynamics. During the 2003 summer campaign, detailed RES measurements were carried out along the central flowline of the ablation area with a 5 MHz (central frequency) ice-penetrating radar, where 10m ice temperatures are approximately –7.5˚C. The bed reflection power (BRP) beneath this central flowline abruptly increases at one location area, followed by a slow decrease down-glacier. The model experiments show that basal sliding (<50%) is necessary to match the observed annual mean surface velocities in the area that is characterized by high BRP values. However, when thermomechanical effects are taken into account, a temperate basal ice layer is apparent in the ablation area, which locally softens the ice and can explain to a certain extent the anomalous flow field. The model results confirm that the present temperature field is a remnant of a larger glacier geometry that was near steady state before the onset of enhanced surface thinning in the 1970s.
Personal experience in treatment of recurrent narrowing of internal carotid artery and occlusion of the external carotid artery

Wstep . W Katedrze i Klinice Chirurgii Naczyniowej, Ogolnej i Transplantacyjnej we Wroclawiu w latach 1996-2001 wykonano 1087 zabiegow udroznienia tetnic szyjnych. Material i metody . U 403 pacjentow tetnice zamknieto szwem prostym, u 306 zastosowano metode wynicowania, a u kolejnych 316 - late w miejscu nacietej tetnicy. Technike plastyki Y zastosowano w 62 przypadkach. Wyniki . Z tej grupy w czasie ponad 3-letniej obserwacji w 42 przypadkach wykazano restenoze tetnicy szyjnej wewnetrznej lączącą sie w 12 przypadkach ze znacznymi zwezeniami lub zamknieciem tetnicy szyjnej zewnetrznej. Po przeprowadzeniu endarterektomii w 30 przypadkach wszyto late, a w 12 przypadkach zastosowano plastyke Y podzialu tetnicy szyjnej. We wszystkich przypadkach podstawą diagnostyki byly: obraz kliniczny, badanie przedmiotowe, USG tetnic doglowowych (badanie doplerowskie kodowane kolorem) i angiografia sposobem Seldingera. Wnioski . Ciecie w ksztalcie litery "Y" zastosowane przez autorow pozwala na jednoczesne udroznienie początkowych odcinkow zarowno tetnicy szyjnej zewnetrznej, jak i wewnetrznej. Dodatkowym efektem moze byc zabezpieczenie przed ponowną restenozą poprzez przesuniecie podzialu tetnicy szyjnej powyzej miejsca endarterektomii, przed powstawaniem hiperplastycznych zmian przerostowych.
Discovery of an optical and X-ray synchrotron jet in NGC 7385

We report the discovery of optical and X-ray synchrotron emission from the brighter radio jet in galaxy NGC 7385 using data from HST and Chandra. The jet has a projected length of 5 kpc and a similar morphology to other known optical jets in low-power radio galaxies. We also report a strong jet–cloud interaction which appears to be deflecting the counter-jet and causing a reversal in its direction.
calable structural break detection

This paper deals with a statistical model fitting procedure for non-stationary time series. This procedure selects the parameters of a piecewise autoregressive model using the Minimum Description Length principle. The existing chromosome representation of the piecewise autoregressive model and its corresponding optimisation algorithm are improved. First, we show that our proposed chromosome ccepted 4 June 2012 vailable online 14 July 2012
Anomalous behavior of the volatility of DJIA over the last century

This study explores month effects in terms of standard deviations of monthly and daily percentage changes of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. During the last century, the standard deviation of the monthly percentage changes of April (6.63%) is significantly higher than the standard deviations for the other months. The monthly standard deviations of daily percentage changes as a measure of volatility exhibit a slightly rising trend, peaking in October and are all significantly different from zero. The mean monthly standard deviation of daily percentage changes for October (1.08%) was the maximum and also significantly higher than the means of the other months. The DJIA became less volatile in terms of monthly as well as daily percentage changes during the second half of the last century compared to the first half. If we divide the data for the last century into decades, the thirties stand out as the most volatile period in terms of monthly as well as daily percentage changes. Based on both dimensions, the decades prior to 1940 experienced higher standard deviations compared to the subsequent decades. So it appeared that the stock market became more volatile in recent times – but that was in points, not in percentage terms.
SECURE TRUSTWORTHY SERVICE EVALUATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

Large scale systems face security threads from faulty or hostile remote computing elements. Portable devices and call it MobID. The extent to which MobID reduces the number of interactions with sybil attackers. One approach preventing Sybil attacks without logical central authority. Sybil Guard identifies sybils that which every person exchanges keys with a limited number of well-known trusted friends. To develop trustworthy mechanism to detect Sybil nodes. Proposed trust authority that means discover intermediate nodes between sender and receiver that detects sybils using mobile -social networks.
Single-Phase Inverter for Grid-Connected and Intentional Islanding Operations in Electric Utility Systems

Small distributed generation units are usually connected to the main electric grid through single-phase voltage source inverters. Grid operating conditions such as voltage and frequency are not constant and can fluctuate within the range values established by international standards. Furthermore, the requirements in terms of power factor correction, total harmonic distortion, and reliability are getting tighter day by day. As a result, the implementation of reliable and efficient control algorithms, which are able to adjust their control parameters in response to changeable grid operating conditions, is essential. This paper investigates the configuration topology and control algorithm of a single-phase inverter with the purpose of achieving high performance in terms of efficiency as well as total harmonic distortion of the output current. Accordingly, a Second Order Generalized Integrator with a suitable Phase Locked Loop (SOGI-PLL) is the basis of the proposed current and voltage regulation. Some practical issues related to the control algorithm are addressed, and a solution for the control architecture is proposed, based on resonant controllers that are continuously tuned on the basis of the actual grid frequency. Further, intentional islanding operation is investigated and a possible procedure for switching from grid-tied to islanding operation and vice-versa is proposed.
Pulsed helium ion beam induced deposition: A means to high growth rates

The sub-nanometer beam of a helium ion microscope was used to study and optimize helium-ion beam induced deposition of PtC nanopillars with the (CH3)3Pt(CPCH3) precursor. The beam current, beam dwell time, precursor refresh time, and beam focus have been independently varied. Continuous beam exposure resulted in narrow but short pillars, while pulsed exposure resulted in thinner and higher ones. Furthermore, at short dwell times the deposition efficiency was very high, especially for a defocused beam. Efficiencies were measured up to 20 times the value for continuous exposure conditions. The interpretation of the experimental data was aided by a Monte Carlo simulation of the deposition. The results indicate that two regimes are operational in ion beam induced deposition (IBID). In the first one, the adsorbed precursor molecules originally present in the beam interaction region decompose. After the original precursor layer is consumed, further depletion is averted and growth continues by the supply of molecules via adsorption and surface diffusion. Depletion around the beam impact site can be distinguished from depletion on the flanges of the growing pillars. The Monte Carlo simulations for low precursor surface coverage reproduce measured growth rates, but predict considerably narrower pillars, especially at short dwell times. Both the experiments and the simulations show that the pillar width rapidly increases with increasing beam diameter. Optimal writing strategy, good beam focusing, and rapid beam positioning are needed for efficient and precise fabrication of extended and complex nanostructures by He-IBID.
Rewarding employees in turbulent economies for improved organisational performance: Exploring SMEs in the South-Eastern European region

© 2016, Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of total reward practices in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the South-Eastern European (SEE) region and the reward elements positively affecting organisational performance. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consists of 199 SMEs operating in SEE countries which are either under economic crisis or transition: Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Kosovo and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Findings: SMEs in the SEE region are implementing a total rewards model which is characterised by a weaker application of individual aspects and by a stronger application of transactional, relational and communal aspects. Within the communal aspects of the model, the study found three elements of the work environment that positively affect organisational performance; work-life balance, employee involvement voice mechanisms, and organisational culture supporting personal and professional development. Practical implications: The study contributes to HR practice; the authors found that a better work environment is positively related to improved organisational performance in these SMEs. This means that in times of economic crisis or transition when HR budgets are limited such non-financial strategies can be a viable alternative to costly financial rewards to such organisations. Originality/value: The study contributes to both theory and HR practice by shedding light on how employee rewards are affected in economies under crisis and transition, how SMEs can motivate their employees when faced with significant financial limitations, as well as explores which reward elements can lead to enhanced organisational performance in such organisations.
SYNTACTIC THEORY AND SENTENCE PROCESSING

As linguistic theory becomes more refined, linguists increasingly rely on subtle judgments about slight acceptability differences among complex sentences as the sole evidence motivating interesting grammatical hypotheses. It thus becomes increasingly important to make informed decisions about the role of processing factors in determining acceptability judgments in order to correctly identify the source of acceptability differences and to make appropriate assumptions about the division of labor between a theory of competence and theories of performance. Three areas are discussed where the results of sentence processing studies may constrain the appropriate grammatical treatment of linguistic phenomena: d-linking, focus and morphosyntactic feature manipulation.
Postmortem Redistribution of Drugs Toxicological Sampling Data Assessment and Interpretation

Postmortem reditribution (PMR) refers to the changes that occur in drug concentrations after death. It involves the redistribution of drugs into blood from solid organs such as the lungs, liver and myocardium. Postmortem drug concentrations show variations depending on sampling sites and characteristics of the drugs. Drug properties such as volume of distribution, lipophilicity, and pKa are important factors. Basic, lipophilic drugs with a volume of distribution greater than 3 l/kg are most likely to undergo PMR.The anatomical location of blood sampling can influence the drug concentration. Blood collected at autopsy is an important biological sample and consist of cardiac and peripheral blood. The cardiac blood concentrations are, in general, higher than peripheral blood concentrations. Postmortem drug concentrations in peripheral blood were reported to be similar to antemortem drug concentrations. Therefore blood collected from peripheral sites is recommended for drug analysis and interpretation. While many laboratories is determinig the redistribution in postmortem cases, they use cardiac:peripheric blood (C/P) concentration ratio. When this ratio is substantially greater than unity, the drug is considered to exhibit postmortem redistribution. The liver to peripheral blood (L/P) ratio is also evaluated as a marker of postmortem redistribution because of postmortem drug concentration is more stable in tissues. Confidence of drug concentration measured in postmortem blood is decreased and the importance of tissue analysis come back on the agenda again.The interpretation of concentrations of drugs measured in the postmortem period is complex. In this reason, in our study “What is the postmortem redistribution and Which biological samples should be taken for the correct and reliable assessment of the toxicological data? ” answers to the questions will be presented in the literature.Keywords: Drug, Postmortem Redistribution, Forensic Toxicology
Viscous fingering and nonlinear wave interactions

We examine the transport in a homogeneous porous medium of a finite slice of a solute which adsorbs on the porous matrix following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm and influences the dynamic viscosity of the solution. In absence of any viscosity variation the Langmuir adsorption induces the formation of a shock layer (rarefaction) wave at the frontal (rear) interface of the sample. For a finite width sample, these waves interact to give a triangle-like concentration profile after a given time that varies nonlinearly with the adsorption properties. In presence of a viscosity contrast, viscous fingers formed at the viscously unstable rarefaction interface propagate through the finite sample to preempt the shock layer at the viscously stable front. However, no such interaction is observed when the shock layer front features viscous fingers.
Three planets around HD 27894. A close-in pair with a 2:1 period ratio and an eccentric Jovian planet at 5.4 AU

Aims. Our new program with HARPS aims to detect mean motion resonant planetary systems around stars which were previously reported to have a single bona fide planet, often based only on sparse radial velocity data. Methods. Archival and new HARPS radial velocities for the K2V star HD 27894 were combined and fitted with a three-planet self-consistent dynamical model. The best-fit orbit was tested for long-term stability. Results. We find clear evidence that HD 27894 is hosting at least three massive planets. In addition to the already known Jovian planet with a period $P_{\rm b}$ $\approx$ 18 days we discover a Saturn-mass planet with $P_{\rm c}$ $\approx$ 36 days, likely in a 2:1 mean motion resonance with the first planet, and a cold massive planet ($\approx$ 5.3 $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$) with a period $P_{\rm d}$ $\approx$ 5170 days on a moderately eccentric orbit ($e_{\rm d}$ = 0.39). Conclusions. HD 27894 is hosting a massive, eccentric giant planet orbiting around a tightly packed inner pair of massive planets likely involved in an asymmetric 2:1 mean motion resonance. HD 27894 may be an important milestone for probing planetary formation and evolution scenarios.
Antifungal and Insecticidal properties of the Phytoconstituentsof Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) growing in Chiloe Island(Chile)

Seven drimane-type sesquiterpenes: polygodial, drimenol, drimendiol, drimenin, isodrimininol, isodrimenin and proximadiol (cryptomeridiol); three lignans: sesamin, cubebin and its epimer eudesmin, and one sterol: (β-sitosterol) were isolated from Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) from Chiloe Island, Chile. Eudesmin and its phytosterols were isolated from the plant for the first time, and sesamin was found to be the major product in the plant’s bark by a significant margin. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative differences were detected between some products. Structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) spectra, HRESIMS and comparison with published data. Some isolated compounds were tested against the phytopathogenic fungi Botritys cinerea, Dothiorella sp. , Penicillium sp. and Cladosporium cladosporoides; additionally, a study was carried out to determine the contact toxic action of leaf and stem bark extracts upon phloematic insect pests from the Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) mealy bug complex.