Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed assembly permutation flow-shop scheduling problem with sequence-dependent set-up times using a novel biogeography-based optimization algorithm

This article proposes a novel biogeography-based optimization (NBBO) algorithm to solve the distributed assembly permutation flow-shop scheduling problem with sequence-dependent set-up times (DAPFSP-SDST). The optimization objective of this problem is minimizing the maximum completion time (makespan). In the initialization phase, NBBO generates two kinds of feasible solutions. Secondly, the linear migration model is replaced with the sinusoidal migration model and a modified product insertion method is performed in the migration phase. Then, in the mutation phase, a job insertion method is used to adjust the processing order of jobs in each product. A local search method based on SDST is combined to jump out of local optima. Finally, simulation experiments based on 540 test instances and comparisons with seven existing algorithms as well as one simple biogeography-based optimization algorithm verify the superiority of NBBO.
AC Magnetic Loss Reduction of SLM Processed Fe-Si for Additive Manufacturing of Electrical Machines

Additively manufactured soft magnetic Fe-3.7%w.t. Si toroidal samples with solid and novel partitioned cross-sectional geometries are characterized through magnetic measurements. This study focuses on the effect of air gaps and annealing temperature on AC core losses at the 50 Hz frequency. In addition, DC electromagnetic material properties are presented, showing comparable results to conventional and other 3D-printed, high-grade, soft magnetic materials. The magnetization of 1.5 T was achieved at 1800 A/m, exhibiting a maximum relative permeability of 28,900 and hysteresis losses of 0.61 (1 T) and 1.7 (1.5 T) W/kg. A clear trend of total core loss reduction at 50 Hz was observed in relation to the segregation of the specimen cross-sectional topology. The lowest 50 Hz total core losses were measured for the toroidal specimen with four internal air gaps annealed at 1200 °C, exhibiting a total core loss of 1.2 (1 T) and 5.5 (1.5 T) W/kg. This is equal to an 860% total core loss reduction at 1 T and a 510% loss reduction at 1.5 T magnetization compared to solid bulk-printed material. Based on the findings, the advantages and disadvantages of printed air-gapped material internal structures are discussed in detail.
Dithizone-etched CdTe nanoparticles-based fluorescence sensor for the off–on detection of cadmium ion in aqueous media

In the present study, a new fluorescence probe based on dithizone-etched CdTe nanoparticles was designed for the sensitive and selective detection of cadmium ions in environmental samples via a reversible off–on fluorescence mode. At first, the initial bright fluorescence of L-cysteine-capped CdTe NPs could be effectively quenched in the presence of dithizone (DZ) due to the chemical etching effect, which results from the breaking of Cd–thiol layers by DZ, thus leading to a decrease in the NPs surface passivation. Then, upon the addition of Cd2+, the weak fluorescence of the CdTe NPs–DZ system gradually recovered, owing to the occurrence of Cd–thiol passivation layers on the surface of the NPs. Under optimal conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained in the range from 0.4 μM to 15.4 μM for Cd2+, with a detection limit of 0.13 μM. In addition, this CdTe NPs-based nanosensor presents remarkable selectivity for Cd2+ over other metal ions and was successfully applied for the detection of Cd2+ in real water samples with satisfactory results, demonstrating its potential application for the determination of Cd2+ in the environment.
Phosphogypsum Recycling: A Review of Environmental Issues, Current Trends, and Prospects

The problem of recycling and storage of phosphogypsum is topical for many countries around the world, as it is associated with environmental problems of pollution of water bodies, land, and atmosphere. Therefore, this paper analyzes the directions of phosphogypsum recycling and possible alternatives to its use. The main disadvantages of the existing methods of phosphogypsum processing were identified and trends in this waste management were also considered. Through the VOSviewer programme, a visualization of cluster interconnections was carried out in research publications of various fields of phosphogypsum utilization. Five clusters were formed: a red cluster—phosphogypsum recycling in the construction industry; green cluster—radiation pollution problem of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizers; yellow cluster—monitoring migration of phosphogypsum components in the ecosystem, with the mobile forms of heavy metals and their inflow into aquifers from phosphogypsum dumps; blue cluster—use of phosphogypsum in agriculture as an ameliorant and a component of fertilizer; and a purple cluster—the impact of phosphogypsum on microorganisms, particularly in bioremediation processes. Under the proposed integrated biochemical approach, the use of various bioprocesses of phosphogypsum recovery from waste dumps and implementation of new biotechnological solutions for processing phosphorus raw materials are presented.
Greenhouse Requirements for Soilless Crop Production: Challenges and Prospects for Plant Factories

This chapter discussed the greenhouse requirement for soilless crop production. It further introduced soilless crop production and elucidated the equipment required for an efficient production system covering greenhouse environmental control and management of temperature, humidity, lighting, and nutrients using innovative strategies. Also, the energy required for the control of the greenhouse environmental conditions during the crop production cycle was explained. Identification and management of pests and diseases using wireless network sensors and the Internet of Things for efficient and safe food production were also highlighted. Finally, the challenges facing greenhouse crop production itemized, and the prospects of greenhouse technology for sustainable healthy food production were proposed.
A redox-active ionic liquid manifesting charge-transfer interaction between a viologen and carbazole and its effect on the viscosity, ionic conductivity, and redox process of the viologen†

Redox-active ionic liquids (RAILs) are gaining attention as a material that can create a wide range of functions. We herein propose a charge-transfer (CT) RAIL by mixing two RAILs, specifically a carbazole-based ionic liquid ([CzC4ImC1][TFSI]) as a donor and a viologen-based ionic liquid ([C4VC7][TFSI]2) as an acceptor. We investigated the effect of CT interaction on the physicochemical properties of the CT ionic liquid (CT-IL) using the results of temperature-dependent measurements of UV-vis absorption, viscosity, and ionic conductivity as well as cyclic voltammograms. We employed the Walden analysis and the Grunberg–Nissan model to elucidate the effect of the CT interaction on the viscosity and ionic conductivity. The CT interaction reduces the viscosity by reducing the electrostatic attraction between the dicationic viologen and TFSI anion. It also reduces the ionic conductivity by the CT association of the dicationic viologen and carbazole. The electrochemically reversible responses of the viologens in [C4VC7][TFSI]2 and CT-IL are consistent with the Nernstian and the interacting two-redox site models. Notably, the transport and electrochemical properties are modulated by CT interaction, leading to unique features that are not present in individual component ILs. The inclusion of CT interaction in RAILs thus provides a powerful means to expand the scope of functionalized ionic liquids.
Human Papilloma Virus Types 16/18 Distribution in Invasive Cervical Cancer: An Evidence for Vaccination in Bihar, India

There is high incidence of cervical cancer in Bihar, India. Vaccination for cervical cancer in developed countries has played a crucial role in limiting the incidence rate of cervical cancer worldwide. In consideration of debate on clinical efficacy of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine in India, study on the prevalence of high risk HPV 16/18 strains in different regions of the nation becomes very crucial. Few individual states have started vaccination but centralised vaccination program does not exist due to lack of sufficient genotypic study of Human Papilloma Virus in Original Research Article Kumar et al.;JPRI, 32(48): 59-68, 2020; Article no.JPRI. 64710 60 different parts of India. Bihar is the third most populous state of India and HPV 16/18 distribution has not been reported yet. The nationwide data of HPV 16/18will help to develop a unified centralised vaccination program. We carried out a distribution study of high risk HPV type 16 and 18 in cervical cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital of Bihar, India.HPV 16/18 types were analysed in cervical cancer tissues (n = 96) of patients attending the regional cancer hospital of Bihar. Tissue samples were analysed for HPV 16 and HPV 18 using a Real Time PCR technique. The results suggest very high prevalence of HPV 16/18. HPV was identified in all the samples (96/96). About, 74 (77.08%) samples presented with HPV 16 whereas, 16 (16.67%) of the samples presented with HPV 18. 6 Co-infection was presented in 6 (6.25%) of the samples of cervical cancer tissues. HPV 16/18 prevalence is more in the women aged between 41 to 61 years.We report 100% prevalence of HPV16/18 in the cervical cancer tissue samples. A way to minimise this gynaecological concern would be to introduce prophylactic vaccines and early screening in the state of Bihar. The data generated would be crucial in drafting for community screening of HPV. We strongly emphasize the prophylactic HPV Vaccination against HPV 16 to control the alarming rate of cervical cancer in one of the most populous state of India, Bihar.
Effect of interspecific competition among whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on crops and ornamental plants in Southwestern Nigeria

Whiteflies that are pests of many crops and ornamental plants produce migratory forms during dense populations with different species sharing the same host plant. Fields surveys of these pests were conducted from 8 sampling sites within the five states (Lagos, Oyo, Osun, Ekiti and Ondo states) of Southwestern Nigeria during 2016 and 2019 to investigate the effects of interspecific competition among whiteflies on plants in the region. This survey was carried out in both wet and dry seasons. Whiteflies were collected on crops and ornamental plants in the sampling sites within the mangrove forest, rainforest and the derived savannah zones in the region. Interspecific competition was observed between four species Aleurodicus dispersus, A cocois, Aleurocanthus woglumi and Bemisia tabaci. The species population of whiteflies was analyzed using the Paleontological statistics software package (PAST) and nonparametric t-test was conducted to analyse the sharing of the host surface among species. The results obtained showed that the interspecific competition among species of whiteflies in the region is most during early rain season and yielded less whiteflies infestation and abundance at underside of plant leaves, and as well supported high number of the pest on upper leaf surfaces. The integrative analysis of the consequences of interspecific competition could provide justification for predicting species exclusion resulting into whitefly invasions of upper leaf surfaces as their new ecological niche.
Effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance, plasma biochemistry, bone mineralisation and phosphorus utilisation in pre-lay pullets fed various levels of phosphorus

Context Reducing the environmental impact of animal production is becoming a really hot topic, especially with raised concerns over excessive flows of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) to the environment. Aims The present study was conducted to determine the effects of phytase supplementation on growth, plasma biochemistry, bone mineralisation and P utilisation of pre-lay pullets fed varying levels of non-phytate P. Methods A total of 240 Lohmann pullet chicks were randomly allocated to one of six dietary treatments with eight replicate cages (5 birds per cage) per treatment. Six treatments included three phytase-free diets and three diets supplemented with 1000 U/kg phytase; the non-phytate P levels were 2.75–2.50–2.25, 3.75–3.50–3.25 and 4.75–4.50–4.25 g/kg in the former, and 1.75–1.50–1.25, 2.75–2.50–2.25 and 3.75–3.50–3.25 g/kg in the latter, for the age of 0–4, 4–8 and 8–16 weeks respectively. Key results No significant differences were found for growth performance, plasma biochemistry (calcium, P, alkaline phosphatase and albumin) and bone mineralisation among dietary treatments, but P retention (%) was different (P < 0.001). Analysis of planned contrasts showed that phytase supplementation increased phytate P retention (P < 0.001), and improving the utilisation of phytate P tended most efficiently under low P conditions. Total P retention rate was reduced slightly by phytase supplementation (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results indicated that dietary non-phytate P level could possibly be reduced to 1.75, 1.50 and 1.25 g/kg for 0–4, 4–8 and 8–16 weeks of age respectively after phytase supplementation, without compromising pullet growth and performance during the pre-laying period. Implications The results of this study will contribute to decreasing P excretion by poultry and reducing the potential environmental impact with land application of manure.
Fire versus grazing as tools to restore serpentine grasslands under global change

Grassland restoration in a world of change—including nitrogen deposition and invasion—requires solutions that can be sustained and effective in the face of novel drivers. This challenge is amplified in systems characterized by high spatiotemporal variability, as management to address novel drivers may affect a system differently across its range of variability. California serpentine grasslands epitomize this challenge: they host a high diversity of native species, are characterized by temporal and spatial variability, and are experiencing atmospheric nitrogen deposition that leads to a conversion from native annual forbs to non‐native annual grasses. Here, we test the interactive effects of grazing and fire to restore native serpentine species following annual grass invasion and litter accumulation. We assess management outcomes (burned‐grazed, burned‐ungrazed, and unburned‐ungrazed) using a long‐term (2004–2012) monitoring dataset. A 2004 wildfire led to a reduction in annual grasses and a transient increase in native species (forb) richness. In 2008, cattle grazing was reintroduced and crossed with the burn legacy, which sustained post‐fire diversity and eventually led to native recovery in unburned areas, with a caveat that a period of high precipitation promoted the growth of annual grasses. Our study indicates that short‐term management, such as fire, can promote native forb recovery in invaded serpentine grassland communities, but that ongoing treatments like grazing are necessary to maintain restoration outcomes. We speculate that this recovery may be due to the presence of a robust native seed bank, which may persist despite a period of annual grass conversion.
A compact and ultra‐wideband three‐element quasi‐Yagi MIMO antenna system for wireless applications

In this article, a new configuration of a compact planar three‐element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed based on quasi‐Yagi elements. A simple yet novel monopole driven three elements quasi‐Yagi antenna (QYA) is designed to obtain a directional pattern over an ultra‐wide bandwidth with a simple and compact configuration. The proposed single QYA contains the semi‐elliptical driven monopole, the flared truncated ground plane reflector, a single elongated elliptical director and a simple microstrip feedline. The simulated and measured results showed that the proposed MIMO antenna system operates in an ultra‐wide frequency range, starting from 1.53 to 6 GHz (118.7%, for |S11| < −10 dB), which covers several wireless communication bands. It has a compact total electrical area of 0.21λ02 (λ0 is the highest operating wavelength) and a minimum isolation of 17 dB between its ports with a common ground plane without any complex decoupling structure. For each element, the measured peak gain and simulated total efficiency variations are between 3.3‐5.6 dBi and 77.6%–89%, respectively. There is good agreement between simulated and measured results. Furthermore, the calculated envelope correlation coefficient of < 0.006, channel capacity loss of < 0.2 bit/s/Hz, and stable total active reflection coefficient resonance are obtained over entire operating bandwidth, which conforms satisfactory MIMO/pattern diversity performance for wireless access‐point applications.
Exploration of materials electrochemistry in rechargeable batteries using advanced in situ/operando x-ray absorption spectroscopy

Rechargeable batteries (Li-ion batteries and beyond) have received extensive attention as powerful boosters for the development of human society. The rapid progress achieved in this research area largely relies on the in-depth efforts on the improvement of battery electrode materials and decrease of the cost. However, the application of rechargeable batteries is still hindered by low energy density, serious voltage hysteresis, and long-term degradation. Therefore, it is of great importance for understanding the underlying redox reaction and capacity fading mechanisms to circumvent these problems and improve the overall battery performance. Advanced characterization techniques, especially synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), have been widely applied to the mechanistic understanding of rechargeable batteries. Particularly, in situ/operando XAS allows the characterization of practical working mechanisms by measuring the electronic structure evolution of the electrode materials under real operation conditions, which is an imperative prerequisite for the further optimization of the battery performance. Herein, the recent progress in the understanding of the operating principles of several common rechargeable batteries (including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and lithium–sulfur batteries) based on in situ/operando XAS technique is reviewed and summarized. We aim to provide a comprehensive treatise on in situ/operando characterization of rechargeable batteries using XAS, which could provide guidance for further improvement of battery performance.
Morfometría y subpoblaciones de espermatozoides de llama (Lama glama) usando el sistema ISAS® CASA-Morph

The aim of this study was to determine the existence of sperm subpopulations according to the morphometry of llama sperm, using a CASA-Morph system. Semen was collected from four 4-6-year-old Q’ara llamas by electroejaculation four times per animal, at one week intervals. The volume, total motility, sperm concentration, percentage of live sperm and percentage of sperm with acrosomal reaction were determined. The morphometric parameters of the sperm were evaluated using the CASA-Morph, Integrated Semen Analysis System (ISAS®v1). The length, width, area, perimeter, ellipticity, elongation, regularity and rugosity of the llama sperm head were determined, as well as the width, area, and distance and angle of insertion of the midpiece of the spermatozoa. The morphometric variables were distributed in five main components (PCA) called elongation, length, circularity, width of the midpiece and insertion of the midpiece, which explained 81.6% of the total variance. The cluster analysis determined four subpopulations (SP): SP1 grouped small cells with low elongation and ellipticity (36.8%); SP2, spermatozoa of intermediate size, both in length and width of the head (9.9%); SP3 of elongated cells with low head and midpiece width values (33.0%); and SP4 of sperm with a high midpiece width (20.2%). Significant differences were found for intraand inter-animal subpopulations.
New Records of Rare Hypogeous Fungi from Poland (Central Europe)

Investigations carried out in recent years have provided new data on the localities of some rare hypogeous fungi in Central Europe. In this study, we present new localities of Leucangium carthusianum, Melanogaster luteus, and Rhizopogon melanogastroides, two of which are new for Poland. Sporocarps of L. carthusianum were found in seven new localities in mixed and coniferous forests in the Western Carpathians as well as in Sudetes. In Poland, the species was also recorded in a mixed forest in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. Fir, Abies alba, accompanied the fungus in almost all known localities. Three localities of M. luteus were found in the Polish Western and Eastern Carpathians in Alnus incana communities mostly associated with streams. Knowledge of the distribution of this species in Europe is incomplete due to the complicated taxonomic history; nevertheless, it is regarded as rare, despite its wide distribution. One new locality of R. melanogastroides recorded in the Tatra Mts, Western Carpathians, is the fourth known to date. This species is mostly associated with Pinus mugo in high mountain localities (the Alps, the Tatra Mts). In this study, detailed descriptions and illustrations of the macroand micromorphological features of the species are provided.
An Accelerated Distance Protection of Transmission Lines Emanating From MMC-HVdc Stations

Compared with synchronous generators, modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVdc) stations have unique fault behaviors, potentially impeding the correct operations of distance relays of lines connecting MMC-HVdc stations. To minimize the adverse effect caused by the fault resistance and MMC-HVdc stations, a new zone 1 protection criterion based on projected reference impedance is presented. According to the polarity of direction factor and the amplitude comparison of projected reference and measured impedances, the internal and external faults can be accurately distinguished. To shorten the response time of distance relays for the faults occurring in transmission lines emanating from MMC-HVdc stations, especially for the faults in the protection deadzone of zone 1, an accelerated distance protection based on the new zone 1 protection criterion is presented, ensuring that distance relays at two ends can clear the internal faults at high speed. Furthermore, the proposed protection scheme remains unaffected by fault resistance and operates well under different fault locations. The performance of the proposed scheme is assessed by more than 2100 digital simulations.
U-Slot Cut Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with a Large Ground Plane and a Thin Substrate

It is very well known that the Rectangular Microstrip Antennas (RMA) are narrowband, but it is possible to enhance its bandwidth by cutting slots inside the patch. Some slots variations have been used to improve this important feature in modern mobile radiocommunication systems. Although U-slot antennas are employed in broadband applications, it is very important to consider the usage of a thick substrate with a low dielectric constant. In this paper, an RMA with a U-slot is presented and analyzed, which was built in a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with a thin FR4 substrate for 800 MHz to 900 MHz. The PCB that is necessary to fabricate the antenna is very low cost and it is conformable in many mobile terminals. The antenna was simulated in HFSS and measured using return loss and its antenna patterns. Key-Words: Rectangular microstrip antenna, mobile radio communication, higher mode, broadband antenna, antenna bandwidth, U-slot, antenna pattern, return losses. Received: January 22, 2021. Revised: February 19, 2021. Accepted: February 23, 2021. Published: February 25, 2021.