Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binary neutron star mergers: a review of Einstein’s richest laboratory

In a single process, the merger of binary neutron star systems combines extreme gravity, the copious emission of gravitational waves, complex microphysics and electromagnetic processes, which can lead to astrophysical signatures observable at the largest redshifts. We review here the recent progress in understanding what could be considered Einstein’s richest laboratory, highlighting in particular the numerous significant advances of the last decade. Although special attention is paid to the status of models, techniques and results for fully general-relativistic dynamical simulations, a review is also offered on the initial data and advanced simulations with approximate treatments of gravity. Finally, we review the considerable amount of work carried out on the post-merger phase, including black-hole formation, torus accretion onto the merged compact object, the connection with gamma-ray burst engines, ejected material, and its nucleosynthesis.
p27 and Cyclin E/D2 Associations in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Implications for Tumorigenesis

The cyclins are key regulators of cell cycle progression and cellular proliferation. We have previously shown that in testicular germ cell tumors, cyclin E expression correlates with more aggressive tumors, higher clinical stage, and the presence of pulmonary metastases. Here, we have examined the association between cyclin activation and the proliferative rate of the pluripotential testicular tumor cell. We have shown that in a panel of 30 testicular germ cell tumors, 15 cases (50%) expressed the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27; of note, 13 of 14 embryonal carcinomas (93%) coexpressed cyclin E and p27, suggesting inhibition of this cyclin. We show that 25 of 30 (83%) of the testicular germ cell tumors express cyclin D2. Using immunoprecipitation assays from the embryonal carcinoma cell line NTera2 or from tumor cell extracts, we have shown that cyclin D2 is complexed with p27, consistent with its known ability to sequester and block the cyclin E inhibitory function of p27. From these results, we propose a model in testicular germ cell tumors, in particular embryonal carcinomas, whereby the overexpression of cyclin D2, a gene localized on chromosome 12p–-a region of DNA amplification in germ cell tumors–-leads to the functional sequestration of p27 in the presence of cyclin E and cyclin D2, thus favoring cellular proliferation.
Effectiveness of Training Program on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Basic Life Support ( BLS ) Among Nursing Students

Cite this article: Goswami R, Kanika, Sembian N (2015) Effectiveness of Training Program on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Basic Life Support (BLS) Among Nursing Students. Int J Clin Anesthesiol 3(2): 1046. *Corresponding author Rashmi Goswami, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Nursing, Village-Puhara, P.O &Teh. Shahpur, Distt. -Kangra, Himachal Pradesh (176206), India, Tel: 9729299449;
Z-Pharyngoplasty for Sleep Disorder and Rhonchopathy

We developed an operation that leaves the uvula intact and opens the pharynx by creating a Z-shaped incision in the palate, a procedure known as a Z-pharyngoplasty (ZPP). Twenty-four patients were studied before and after ZPPs. None of the patients complained of symptoms after the procedure. In terms of subjective changes, 79% of patients felt that they could breathe better after ZPPs and 75% felt that they had slept well upon waking. In terms of differences noted by sleep monitoring, the minimum oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) level increased significantly ( p =0.0025), the number of hours of sleep during which SaO 2 was >95% increased significantly ( p =0.0345), the apnea index decreased significantly ( p =0.0316), snoring decreased ( p =0.0637) and pulse rate decreased significantly ( p =0.0144) after ZPP.
Overview of the Fifth NTCIR Workshop

This paper outlines the fifth NTCIR Workshop, which is the latest in a series. It briefly describes the background, tasks, participants, and test collections of the workshop. The purpose of this paper is to serve as an introduction to the research described in detail in the rest of the proceedings of the fifth NTCIR Workshop.
Modeling the I-V Curves and Its Derivatives of Microwave Transistors Using Neural Networks

Artificial neural networks are used as a tool in the development of reliable models for field effect transistors. This letter presents an improvement of the classical backpropagation algorithm allowing for the training process information contained in the first derivatives of Ids with respect to the control voltages Vgs and Vds. Excellent agreement between measured and simulated data is achieved up to the third order derivative of Ids .
Ovarian Carcinomas in Endometriosis: An Immunohistochemical and Comparative Genomic Hybridization Study

Malignant transformation of endometriosis, an uncommon phenomenon, can occur in gonadal and extragonadal sites and results in a wide histological range of tumors. Published series reporting malignant transformation of endometriosis have largely been confined to clinical and histopathological discussions with no studies reporting oncoprotein expression and genetic alterations. We report three cases of carcinomas arising in ovarian endometriosis: a serous cystadenocarcinoma, an endometrioid carcinoma with squamous differentiation, and a pure squamous cell carcinoma. Each tumor was analyzed immunohistochemically to compare oncoprotein expression (p53, bcl2, cyclin D1, and c-erb B2) between the tumors and the endometriotic tissue as well as with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to compare genetic alterations. All three tumors expressed nuclear p53, in contrast to the endometriotic tissue in which no p53 expression was found. Both endometrial and tumor tissue expressed bcl-2. No expression of cyclin D1 or c-erb B2 was detected in endometriotic or tumoral tissues. The CGH analysis revealed one or two chromosomal aberrations in each of the three tumors with gains on chromosomes 1q, 8q, and 13q, and losses on chromosome 10p. The endometriotic tissue, as expected, showed a normal genetic profile. These results suggest that p53 protein abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations may be involved in malignant transformation of endometriosis in the ovary. However, our results are limited by the number of cases examined and a definite conclusion on the pathogenesis of this process should be followed by future studies with a larger number of cases.
FAIM3:PLAC8 Ratio Compared with Existing Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia: Comparing Apples to Oranges?

alveolar damage characterized by three phases: acute exudative, organizing proliferative, and fibrotic. It should be emphasized that AIP cannot be distinguished from ARDS on the basis of histology alone (because of the patient’s clinical condition, a lung biopsy was not done). This distinction can be ascertained only when there is no identifiable alternative etiology after a thorough clinical evaluation (9). The patient under discussion could have been easily diagnosed as another case of AIP, had PCR for HCoV-NL63 not been performed. As we previously suggested, it is possible that AIP is an entity encompassing a wide variety of etiologies that are often unidentified, some of which may be viral in origin (10). This understanding, as well as our ever-improving diagnostic abilities in identifying viral pathogens, may have important implications on clinical practice. When clinically appropriate, a thorough search for viral etiology should be a part of the diagnostic workup of these patients, as it may obviate invasive procedures (biopsies) and potentially harmful therapeutic interventions such as broadspectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic agents. n
The Escherichia coli PII Signal Transduction Protein Is Activated upon Binding 2-Ketoglutarate and ATP (*)

Nitrogen regulation of transcription in Escherichia coli requires sensation of the intracellular nitrogen status and control of the dephosphorylation of the transcriptional activator NRIP. This dephosphorylation is catalyzed by the bifunctional kinase/phosphatase NRII in the presence of the dissociable PII protein. The ability of PII to stimulate the phosphatase activity of NRII is regulated by a signal transducing uridylyltransferase/uridylyl-removing enzyme (UTase/UR), which converts PII to PII-UMP under conditions of nitrogen starvation; this modification prevents PII from stimulating the dephosphorylation of NRIP. We used purified components to examine the binding of small molecules to PII, the effect of small molecules on the stimulation of the NRII phosphatase activity by PII, the retention of PII on immobilized NRII, and the regulation of the uridylylation of PII by the UTase/UR enzyme. Our results indicate that PII is activated upon binding ATP and either 2-ketoglutarate or glutamate, and that the liganded form of PII binds much better to immobilized NRII. We also demonstrate that the concentration of glutamine required to inhibit the uridylyltransferase activity is independent of the concentration of 2-ketoglutarate present. We hypothesize that nitrogen sensation in E. coli involves the separate measurement of glutamine by the UTase/UR protein and 2-ketoglutarate by the PII protein.
Pathophysiological consequences of brain death

Hemodynamic instability after brain death is an universal clinical problem with effects on potential donor organs. Actual shortage of potential donor hearts continues to raise controversial discussion about adequate donor management with regard to graft quality. From the mid eighties numerous studies investigated the effects of brain death on the cardiocirculatory system and other organs. It could be shown that brain death induction leads to 1) an initial hyperdynamic Cushing-type reaction, followed by 2) loss of neural control and hormone depletion, 3) marked alteration of loading conditions and coronary perfusion and 4) cardiac and peripheral organ dysfunction. The causal relationship between these phenomena, however, could not be proven accurately. Studies using ex vivo evaluation of the hearts or applying load-independent indices of myocardial function suggested that brain death does not lead to an irreversible myocardial damage but only a reversible dysfunction or even more accurately a downregulation of myocardial contractility. These results may also be of a clinical importance: based on the knowledge of the physiologic regulatory mechanisms, it is possible to conclude that hemodynamic instability in the potential organ donor should not necessarily indicate primary cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, donor hearts, especially from marginal donors, should be carefully evaluated by load-independent indices of cardiac function. Furthermore, the normalization of loading conditions in the brain dead donor may lead to an improvement of cardiac performance. In fact, an increasing number of clinical studies demonstrate that cardiac dysfunction can be reversed in potential organ donors, and the clinical outcome of transplant patients receiving hearts from primarily marginal donors is comparable to those of normal donors.
Natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in mice against non‐lymphoid tumor cells and some normal cells

Lymphocytes from normal mice were found to have cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, in a short‐term 51Cr release assay, against a variety of non‐lymphoid tumor cells as well as against lymphomas. Some of the non‐lymphoid tumors were as susceptible to natural cytotoxicity as the standardly used lymphoid lines. Some tissue culture cell lines and in vivo passaged tumor lines were susceptible to lysis, as were some primary virus‐induced lymphomas. Tumors which arose in nude mice, which have high levels of natural cytotoxic activity, were all resistant to lysis. In addition to the susceptibility of transformed cells to natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, some untransformed cultured cells and cells from normal tissues were targets for this mechanism. Low levels of cytotoxicity were seen with normal thymus cells, bone‐marrow cells, and short term cultures of macrophages, whereas normal spleen and lymph‐node cells were completely resistant to lysis. These results indicate a broader spectrum for mouse natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity reactivity than has been previously recognized.
Interpretation of the resolution of hallucinations in a patient with chronic schizophrenia - case report

Summary Aim. This case report is an analysis of the resolution of psychotic symptoms in the context of the theory of psychosis as a state of aberrant salience. According to the theory, both the formation and treatment of psychotic symptoms can be considered in two interconnected dimensions: the neurobiological perspective of dopamine hyperactivity and the subjective perspective of excessive salience. Method. The case of a patient with chronic schizophrenia, experiencing predominantly auditory hallucinations, is described in this article. The patient has wilfully changed the doses of prescribed medications several times. He then interpreted the presence and disappearance of his hallucinations; he interpreted the “voices” he heard in psychosis as the expression of his being in contact with his “spouse”. Any changes in the intensity of his hallucinations, resulting from the modifications in the treatment, the patient interpreted as the expression of the proximity or remoteness of his “spouse” who, according to him, was with him when he heard the “voices” or in heaven when he no longer heard them. Results. The appearance, resolution and changes in the intensity of the hallucinations experienced by the patient are accompanied by the psychological interpretation of these subjectively perceived changes. Conclusions. The interpretations that appear after the resolution of active symptoms of psychosis may be bizarre and improbable, but they are cognitive explanations rather than psychotic delusions. schizophrenia/ pharmacotherapy / subjective aspects
Development of a Spanish version of the "Backache Index".

INTRODUCTION In routine clinical practice a physical examination should include an assessment of ability/function. The use of a scale or index in low back pain (LBP) is mainly used to categorize patients and to measure syndrome severity. For this reason we developed an easy and quick to perform standardised measuring procedure of impairment in patients with LBP without using inclinometers. The new "Backache Index" (BAI) is applied in order to help therapists, doctors, and surgeons perform physical examinations easily. The factor of presence or absence of pain with respect to different lumbar movements is elaborated for the patient with LBP, standing in an erect position. This resulted in outcome scores (0-3) for five impairment examinations of the trunk from which the sum of the scores gives the BAI (max. 15 points). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop the linguistic adaptation and to explore the reliability of this new Backache Index translated in a Spanish version called "indice de Dolor de Espalda" or IDE, which can fulfil the existing need for a reliable routine examination in the clinical environment for Spanish speaking clinicians and patients. METHODS Two independent translations were made by two separate professional translators to Spanish. Both versions were compared and consensus resulted in a single translation. In a pain center patients were asked to participate in this project as volunteers. The exclusion criteria have been used in patients with LBP suffering of severe spinal pathology or having deseases. In total 46 patients (67% females, age = 52 ± 13 years) underwent the physical examination at the first session (IDE-1) and were retested without any treatment after 3 days (IDE-2). RESULTS The two translations submitted by respective experts were identical and the final IDE was used in futher clinical examinations. The test-retest after 3 days of the same group revailed that the reliability for the 5 outcome scores was good (ICC ⩾ 0.73). No significant difference was found between IDE-1 (4.65 ± 4.15 ) and IDE-2 (4.72 ± 4.20) and the absolute reliability was perfect with an ICC=0.97. CONCLUSIONS The IDE form facilitates a better diffusion under the Spanish speaking population, allowing it to maintain the degree of homogenenity and acceptance that the "Indice de Dolor de Espalda" or IDE has in clinical practice, helping to spread among the Hispanic world one of the objectives that the creator of this index raised when it was developed.
Association of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Foci of NBS1 with Chromosomal Instability and Breast Cancer Susceptibility

Abstract Someya, M. , Sakata, K. , Tauchi, H. , Matsumoto, Y. , Nakamura, A. , Komatsu, K. and Hareyama, M. Association of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Foci of NBS1 with Chromosomal Instability and Breast Cancer Susceptibility. Radiat. Res. 166, 575–582 (2006). NBS1, a protein essential for DNA double-strand break repair, relocalizes into subnuclear structures upon induction of DNA damage by ionizing radiation, forming ionizing radiation-induced foci. We compared radiation-induced NBS1 foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 46 sporadic breast cancer patients and 30 healthy cancer-free volunteers. The number of persistent radiation-induced NBS1 foci per nucleus at 24 h after irradiation for patients with invasive cancer was significantly higher than for normal healthy volunteers. The frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberration increased as the number of persistent radiation-induced NBS1 foci increased, indicating that the number of persistent radiation-induced NBS1 foci might be associated with chromosome instability. There was also an inverse correlation between the number of radiation-induced NBS1 foci and the activity of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which plays an important role in the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, another mechanism of DNA DSB repair, indicating a close interrelationship between homologous recombination (HR) and NHEJ in DNA DSB repair. In conclusion, the number of persistent radiation-induced NBS1 foci is associated with chromosomal instability and risk of sporadic breast cancer and hence might be used to select individuals for whom a detailed examination is necessary because of their increased susceptibility to breast cancer, although refinement of the techniques for technical simplicity and accuracy will be required for clinical use.
Distraction osteogenesis and glossopexy for Robin sequence with airway obstruction

Background: We present six cases of infants with Robin sequence and severe obstructive sleep apnoea who failed treatment with nasal mask continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Surgical intervention with mandibular distraction osteoneogenesis with glossopexy meant tracheostomy was avoided. Polysomnography (PSG) was used to document the severity of the obstructive sleep apnoea. The aim of this report was to assess the value of mandibular distraction osteogenesis with glossopexy in children with Robin sequence using PSG preoperatively and post‐operatively.
Quantitative aspects of the ecology of biological invasions.

In almost all parts of the world, including Britain, some invading species have had a marked impact on the abundance and distribution of the native biota. The com­ munities affected include natural and seminatural ones, although the effect of inva­ sions is better known in agricultural habitats. Because of the importance of this prob­ lem in some areas both economically and for conservation, SCOPE (the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment) initiated a programme in 1982 that com­ prised national meetings and international working parties. This volume records the papers and discussion at a Royal Society Discussion Meet­ ing in February 1986, which was the British National meeting under the SCOPE pro­ gramme. Partly because of the strong tradition of natural history in this country, British data on the distribution, spread and impact of invaders are as good as any. In recent years British ecology has been noted for its strength in quantitative studies, both analysis and modelling, so this national SCOPE meeting not only concentrated on the quantitative aspects of invasions in a British context, but also reports on the results of two of the SCOPE international working parties, on modelling invasions and on inva­ sions into nature reserves. Included in the papers in this volume there are discussions of invasions by plants, animals and microbes, of the importance of genetic and historical factors, and of mod­ els of different invasive processes. From the surveys of what is known of British invad­ ers and their characteristics there are critical discussions of the extent to which valid generalizations may be made in this field. The volume will be of interest to ecologists and conservationalists, to population geneticists and naturalists, and to adminis­ trators and planners concerned with invasive species and their effects.
Oxalate Decarboxylase Requires Manganese and Dioxygen for Activity

The Bacillus subtilis oxalate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.2), YvrK, converts oxalate to formate and CO2. YvrK and the related hypothetical proteins YoaN and YxaG from B. subtilis have been successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant YvrK and YoaN were found to be soluble enzymes with oxalate decarboxylase activity only when expressed in the presence of manganese salts. No enzyme activity has yet been detected for YxaG, which was expressed as a soluble protein without the requirement for manganese salts. YvrK and YoaN were found to catalyze minor side reactions: oxalate oxidation to produce H2O2; and oxalate-dependent, H2O2-independent dye oxidations. The oxalate decarboxylase activity of purified YvrK was O2-dependent. YvrK was found to contain between 0.86 and 1.14 atoms of manganese/subunit. EPR spectroscopy showed that the metal ion was predominantly but not exclusively in the Mn(II) oxidation state. The hyperfine coupling constant (A = 9.5 millitesla) of the maing = 2 signal was consistent with oxygen and nitrogen ligands with hexacoordinate geometry. The structure of YvrK was modeled on the basis of homology with oxalate oxidase, canavalin, and phaseolin, and its hexameric oligomerization was predicted by analogy with proglycinin and homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. Although YvrK possesses two potential active sites, only one could be fully occupied by manganese. The possibility that the C-terminal domain active site has no manganese bound and is buried in an intersubunit interface within the hexameric enzyme is discussed. A mechanism for oxalate decarboxylation is proposed, in which both Mn(II) and O2are cofactors that act together as a two-electron sink during catalysis.
A Two-Stage Degradation Model of p-Channel Low-Temperature Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors Under Positive Bias Temperature Stress

Positive-bias temperature-stress-induced degradation in p-channel poly-Si thin-film transistors is investigated. Two-stage degradation behavior is observed. In the first-stage degradation, on-state current (<i>I</i><sub>ON</sub>) initially increases associated with a positive threshold voltage (<i>V</i><sub>th</sub>) shift and is then followed by a gradual <i>I</i><sub>ON</sub> decrease. In the second stage, <i>V</i><sub>th</sub> shifts to the negative, and <i>I</i><sub>ON</sub> significantly degrades. A comprehensive physical model is proposed to clarify the two-stage degradation behavior. The first-stage degradation is attributed to electron trapping and detrapping, whereas the second-stage degradation is dominated by positive charge generation.