Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation with Neurorehabilitation for Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by a non-progressive motor impairment related to brain injury early in development. It may be associated with other deficits such as intellectual disability, speech and language and oromotor problems. In many cases, the cause of CP may not be apparent. So, the current treatment options are mostly focused on the symptomatic management. Herein, we present a case of an eight year old child diagnosed as cerebral palsy with intellectual disability. He was administered with autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells intrathecally. Eight months after intervention, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) scale score changed from 1.9 to 3.077 depicting improvement in movement. On follow up improvements were noticed in oromotor functions, neck control and sitting balance, awareness, understanding of surrounding. These functional improvements correlated with the improved brain metabolism in basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus and thalamus as observed in Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) Scan. No major side effects were recorded after intervention. The results suggest that autologous bone marrow derived mononuclear cells have a significant potential as a therapeutic strategy for CP.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Carrot Peel

The objectives of the study were to assess the total phenolic content and flavonoid content, and to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of carrot peel extracted with methanol and acetone. Total Phenolic content and Flavonoid content was higher in carrot peel acetone extract (AE) i.e. 106.36 μg/mg of GAE and 27.83 μg/mg of QE respectively than methanol extract (ME). Carrot peel acetone extract showed greater antioxidant capacity for DPPH radical scavenging activity whereas methanol extract showed better result for FRAP reducing power and Phosphomolybdenum assay. Both AE and ME could inhibit the growth of Shigella flexneri, E coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. This study substantiates the potential of carrot peel to be used as a novel functional food ingredient, natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
Synthesis, Spectral Studies and Biological Evaluation of Hydrazone Derivative as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents

Hydrazone is a class of organic compounds formed by the fusion of carbonyl compounds with hydrazine. In the last few decades, the hydrazones have emerged as biologically important pharmacophores. The present work deals with the synthesis and evaluation of a new series of (2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydrazone derivatives as the hydrazones were synthesized by the reaction of various ketones with substituted hydrazine. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized derivatives was carried out against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (MTCC 40) and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 87) by using Cup-plate agar diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as standard drug for antibacterial activity. Six compounds 3a, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g and 3j possessed good to moderate anti microbial activity. Compound 3f and 3g exhibited good antimicrobial activity against all the strains. The derivatives 3a-3j were further screened for anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell line using Adriamycin as standard. Seven compound 3a, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3i, 3j possessed good to moderate anticancer activity. Compound 3f exhibited best results in both assay. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by IR and NMR spectral studies.
On the historical semantics of the notion of software architecture

This study outlines in some detail the semantic variety of the notion of 'software architecture' in the field of software engineering since the early 1970s. This paper shows that there are two schools of thought in software architecture, namely a material-substantialist and a formal-structuralist one. In the former school of thought, software architecture is basically regarded as a thing (device) on its own, whereas in the latter one, software architecture is basically considered a property, not a thing (device). From an ontological point of view, these two opinions are mutually exclusive. In their mutual exclusivity, however, they coincide with non-formalist versus formalist philosophies and interpretations of informatics or computer science in general, wherein software engineering -and, by implication, software architecture- is embedded. In this way, the field of software architecture mirrors an ongoing science-philosophical dispute about the characteristics and foundations of computer science or informatics as a scholarly and practical discipline. In summary it seems fair to say that the metaphor of 'architecture', with its distinct fine arts connotations, has been particularly attractive to software engineers because this metaphor has helped software engineers to circumvent the notorious scientific immaturity and shortage of classical engineering methods in the field of software engineering.
Modelling Learning Using Evidence from Speech and Gesture

Speech and gesture provide two different access routes to a learner's mental representation of a problem. We examined the gestures and speech produced by children learning the concept of mathematical equivalence, and found that children on the verge of acquiring the concept tended to express information in gesture which they did not express in speech. We explored what the production of such gesture-speech mismatches implies for models of concept learning. Two models of a mechanism that produces gesture-speech mismatches were tested against data from children learning the concept of mathematical equivalence. The model which best fit the data suggests that gesture and speech draw upon a single set of representations, some of which are accessible to both gesture and speech, and some of which are accessible to gesture but not speech. Thus, gesture and speech form an integrated system in the sense that they do not draw upon two distinct sets of representations. The model implies that when new representations are acquired, they are first accessible only to gesture. Over time, they are then recoded into speech.
Clustering Medical Data Using Subspace and Parallel Approximation Algorithm

: In high-dimensional feature spaces traditional clustering algorithms tend to break down in terms of efficiency and quality. Nevertheless, the data sets often contain clusters which are hidden in various subspaces of the original feature space. In high dimensional data, however, many of the dimensions are often irrelevant. These irrelevant dimensions confuse clustering algorithms by hiding clusters in noisy data . In this paper we propose parallel approximation algorithm localize the search for relevant dimensions allowing them to find clusters that exist in multiple, possibly overlapping subspaces. A broad evaluation based on real-world medical data sets demonstrates that is suitable to find all relevant subspaces in high dimensional, sparse data sets and produces better results than existing methods.
Behavioral plasticity, behavioral syndromes and animal personality in crustacean decapods: An imperfect map is better than no map

Despite their key role as model organisms in many behavioral studies, crustacean decapods have been only slightly touched upon by the recent surge of scientific interest in animal personality. Only seven articles investigated the issue in a handful of species among hermit crabs, crabs, and crayfish. Obviously, a limited number of publications does not mean that personality is rare in decapods. On the contrary, few studies might be the result of a form of reluctance by behavioral ecologists to deal with such a phenomenon in these and other invertebrates. This reluctance contrasts with the enthusiasm shown in tackling the behavioral plasticity issue. Here we discuss the possible theoretical and methodological difficulties raised by applying the animal personality perspective to decapods and analyze implications of personality studies for their ecology, conservation, and welfare. By highlighting gaps in knowledge and directions of future research, our intention is to increase scientific emphasis on the issue.
Contrast ratio of colorant film: Theoretical consideration and effect of polymeric binder

We made theoretical approaches concern- ing the optical property of a pigment-containing system to understand the conditions under which an enhanced con- trast can be achieved. Maintaining a uniform distribution of pigment particles in thin film well, as in millbase dis- persion, is considered critical for a higher contrast. As a specific case, we estimated the effect of a polymeric binder on the contrast ratio. Chemical composition of the disper- sion binder has a huge effect, and carboxylate in its long side chain plays a favorable role. Using this binder, we were able to obtain a smooth surface and uniformity, and an enhancement of contrast ratio in the colorant film.
Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

The prevalence of atherosclerosis has increased steadily due to aging population. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of carotid artery disease in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. We included 405 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) at the University Hospital Centre “Mother Theresa”. Of 405 patients constituting our population during the period of the study, there were 341 males (76%) and 64 females (15.8%). The mean age of patients was 62.4 (±7.8) years, with a range 42-83 years. Overall 86 (21.2%) patients had a carotid artery stenosis ≥50%. A significant increasing trend of the prevalence of stenosis with increasing age was found (p=0.04). Preoperative diagnosis of carotid disease is very important in reducing the risk of perioperative stroke after cardiac surgery.
IPAD FOR BIOIMAGE INFORMATICS by

by XIN LI (Under the Direction of Tianming Liu) ABSTRACT Microscopic bioimaging has become a critical approach in the analysis of image-based phenotypes in a variety of biological studies. Driven by these applications, computerized analysis and management of bioimages have been actively studied in recent years. However, there has been very little research effort devoted to the design and development of better graphical user interface (GUI) specifically for average biologists. Recently, Apple designed and marketed the iPad tablet computer as a general platform for consumer media such as book, movie, music, game, and web content. Using the state-of-the-art multi-touch technology on the touch-screen display of iPad has revolutionized user’s experience in computer-human interaction. As a consequence, applications of iPad in bioimaging informatics are on the horizon. This thesis presents our initial effort in using iPad as a general platform for bioimage informatics in the applications of neurite tracing, zebrafish segmentation, cell segmentation, somite annotation and mobile bioimage informatics.
The distinctiveness effect reverses when using well-controlled distractors

The distinctiveness effect in memory holds that distinctive items (e.g., unusual objects, infrequent words, or atypical faces) have a recognition advantage over typical items (e.g., Geraci & Rajaram, 2002; Schmidt, 1991; Valentine, 1991). The recognition advantage is usually operationalized as a higher hit rate and lower false alarm rate for distinctive items. Although the effect has been replicated numerous times in various domains, the conclusion that distinctive items are remembered better than typical items seems at odds with other findings in cognitive psychology. In particular, typicality effects, such as the recognition advantage for prototypical colours (Lucy & Shweder, 1979) and the improved discrimination of own-race faces (e.g., Walker & Tanaka, 2003), suggest that we have better mental representations for frequently encountered, typical items. Akey factor that isoftenoverlooked instudiesondistinctiveness is theroleof foils,ordistractors.Infacerecognitionexperiments,subjectsstudyasetoftarget facesand later try topickthe target faces fromamongdistractor faces, either ina forced-choice or old/new paradigm. Although experimenters usually select distractorsrandomly, thisdoesnotguaranteeanequitablecomparisonbetween thetwotypesoffaces.Thecentraldistributionoffacespace (seeValentine,1991) actually predicts a systematic relationship between the distinctiveness of a face and its overall similarity to randomly chosen distractors. A simple geometric analysis shows that random distractors will be statistically more similar to typical faces (located more centrally in face space) than to distinctive faces (located more peripherally). This asymmetry implies that distinctive faces will be overall more distinguishable from random distractors, and therefore more recognizable when pitted against them. We propose that the well-reported distinctiveness advantage in face recognition is primarily due to this asymmetry. We further propose that if the asymmetry is eliminated, typical faces should be recognized more accurately than distinctive faces, consistent with other typicality effects. To this aim, we describe two studies that measure the accuracy of face
Numerical discrimination by rats (Rattus norvegicus) using body and vibrissal touch

Three experiments were performed to test if tactile stimuli could serve as the basis for a numerical discrimination in rats (Rattus norvegicus). In Experiment 1, touch delivered symmettrically to both sides of the animal's body yielded no evidence of numerical discrimination. In Experiment 2, the restriction of tactile cues to one side of the animal's body resulted in marginally better results, although performance remained below conventional levels of significance. In Experiment 3, tactile contact with the animal's vibrissae yielded statistically significant evidence of numerical processing
NEW CROCODYLIAN REMAINS FROM THE SOLIMÕES FORMATION (LOWER EOCENE–PLIOCENE), STATE OF ACRE, SOUTHWESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA

The Solimoes Formation (lower Eocene–Pliocene), southwestern Brazilian Amazonia, is one of the most abundant deposits of reptiles from the Cenozoic of Brazil. Eight species of Crocodylia have been described from this formation, including taxa of all the three main extant clades: Gavialoidea (Gryposuchus and Hesperogavialis), Alligatoroidea (Caiman, Mourasuchus and Purussaurus) and Crocodyloidea (Charactosuchus). Here, we describe crocodylian fossil remains collected in 1974 by RadamBrasil Project. Specimens were described and identified to the possible lowermost systematic level. With the exception of the osteoderms, the associated postcranial elements were not identified. It is concluded that at least in one location there may have been co-occurrence of four different morphotypes (Gavialoidea indet., Purussaurus sp., Mourasuchus sp. and taxa of the Brevirostres clade, but not pertaining to Purussaurus or Mourasuchus), suggesting that they could have been contemporaneous, with habitat and niche partitioning
Plant Succession: Life History and Competition

An approach based on competition among individual plants is presented as an explanation for species replacements during plant succession. Inverse correlations among life history and physiological traits that confer competitive ability under different environmental conditions are shown to be sufficient to produce successional replacements but not sufficient for understanding the complex variety of successional patterns unless they are applied at the individual level rather than at the population level or higher. With models based on competition among individual plants, various combinations of life history and physiological traits can produce the great variety of population dynamics found in natural successions. The classic successional pattern of species replacement results from a particular structure of correlations among life history and physiological characteristics. Atypical patterns of succession result when this correlation structure is altered. Both primary and secondary succession are modeled as nonequilibrium processes, capable of interacting with disturbances to produce steady-state communities whose properties depend on abiotic conditions, such as temperature and resource levels, and on the type and frequency of disturbances.
Personal and Historical Nostalgia—A Comparison of Common Emotions

ABSTRACT This research uses an experimental research design to examine differences in the emotional responses of 806 respondents experiencing specifically personal or historical nostalgic reactions to advertising appeals. Changes in intensity of five emotions common to both reactions are examined. Upbeat/elation, loss/regret, and warm/tender emotions are significantly heightened under the personal compared with the historical nostalgic response. Negative/irritation and serenity/calm emotions are not significantly different. These results highlight the need to examine nostalgia as two separate reactions and provide insights useful to practitioners regarding emotional reactions to each form. It also suggests the need for future research into personal and historical nostalgia's comparable influences on other responses.
Graphitic carbon nitride materials: variation of structure and morphology and their use as metal-free catalysts

Graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4, can be made by polymerization of cyanamide, dicyandiamide or melamine. Depending on reaction conditions, different materials with different degrees of condensation, properties and reactivities are obtained. The firstly formed polymeric C3N4 structure, melon, with pendant amino groups, is a highly ordered polymer. Further reaction leads to more condensed and less defective C3N4 species, based on tri-s-triazine (C6N7) units as elementary building blocks. High resolution transmission electron microscopy proves the extended two-dimensional character of the condensation motif. Due to the polymerization-type synthesis from a liquid precursor, a variety of material nanostructures such as nanoparticles or mesoporous powders can be accessed. Those nanostructures also allow fine tuning of properties, the ability for intercalation, as well as the possibility to give surface-rich materials for heterogeneous reactions. Due to the special semiconductor properties of carbon nitrides, they show unexpected catalytic activity for a variety of reactions, such as for the activation of benzene, trimerization reactions, and also the activation of carbon dioxide. Model calculations are presented to explain this unusual case of heterogeneous, metal-free catalysis. Carbon nitride can also act as a heterogeneous reactant, and a new family of metal nitride nanostructures can be accessed from the corresponding oxides.
The Value of Area Under the Curve Analysis as an Outcome Measure in the Assessment of a Continuous Microdosing Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant (ILUVIEN

T he treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) has become one of the most challenging management issues faced by ophthalmologists in daily practice. This is partly due to the multifactorial nature of DME, progression of the disease and the clinical capacity needed to administer intravitreal injections. In recent years, the treatment options for DME have expanded to include intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and steroids, and most recently, the use of intravitreal implants. In determining clinically relevant endpoints for clinical studies of these treatments, it is important to consider the patient’s journey and experience with a treatment over a specific time-period rather than isolated outcomes at a pre-specified time-point. Area under the curve (AUC) is an ideal tool for data analysis particularly when it comes to sustained release therapies such as dexamethasone (Ozurdex®, Allergan Inc., California, US) and intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant (0.2μg/day FAc implant; Iluvien®, Alimera Sciences Inc., Georgia, US). Unlike single time-point outcomes, AUC analysis provides the average letters gained per day over the entire treatment period, providing a better measure of long-term effectiveness. A recent analysis using the AUC approach highlights the significant visual acuity benefit resulting from the 0. 2μg/day fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant during the FAME (Fluocinolone Acetonide for Macular Edema) trials. A step-by-step instruction is included in this article that allows statistical analysis of the AUC data from both functional and anatomical outcomes, using a free software tool to further facilitate the use of this technique for future investigators.
Diffusion of Innovations in Health Service Organisations: A Systematic Literature Review

This is a systematic review on how innovations in health service practice and organisation can be disseminated and implemented. This is an academic text, originally commissioned by the Department of Health from University College London and University of Surrey, using a variety of research methods. The results of the review are discussed in detail in separate chapters covering particular innovations and the relevant contexts. The book is intended as a resource for health care researchers and academics. © 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Evolution of N/O ratios in galaxies from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations

We study the redshift evolution of the gas-phase O/H and N/O abundances, both (i) for individual ISM regions within single spatially-resolved galaxies and (ii) when dealing with average abundances in the whole ISM of many unresolved galaxies. We make use of a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation including detailed chemical enrichment, which properly takes into account the variety of different stellar nucleosynthetic sources of O and N in galaxies. We identify $33$ galaxies in the simulation, lying within dark matter halos with virial mass in the range $10^{11}\le M_{\text{DM}} \le 10^{13}\,\text{M}_{\odot}$ and reconstruct how they evolved with redshift. For the local and global measurements, the observed increasing trend of N/O at high O/H can be explained, respectively, (i) as the consequence of metallicity gradients which have settled in the galaxy interstellar medium, where the innermost galactic regions have the highest O/H abundances and the highest N/O ratios, and (ii) as the consequence of an underlying average mass-metallicity relation that galaxies obey as they evolve across cosmic epochs, where -- at any redshift -- less massive galaxies have lower average O/H and N/O ratios than the more massive ones. For both local and global relations, the predicted N/O--O/H relation is due to the mostly secondary origin of N in stars. We also predict that the O/H and N/O gradients in the galaxy interstellar medium gradually flatten as functions of redshift, with the average N/O ratios being strictly coupled with the galaxy star formation history. Because N production strongly depends on O abundances, we obtain a universal relation for the N/O--O/H abundance diagram whether we consider average abundances of many unresolved galaxies put together or many abundance measurements within a single spatially-resolved galaxy.