Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene polymorphism (rs35767) and power performance in professional, amateur athletes and non-athlete individuals in Iranian population

Introduction: Genetic variation between individuals may include single nucleotide polymorphisms. These individual differences could change human phenotypes (such as skeletal structure, heart and lung size). Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a critical factor in growth and exercise-associated muscle development. In this study we analyzed the frequency of IGF-I rs35767 polymorphism in karate-Kas athletes to find whether there is a difference among professional, amateur athletes and non- Karate-Kas. Materials and methods: Two hundred and fifty-four athletes (95 professional Karate-Kas, and 159 amateur Karate-Kas) and 159 non-athletic healthy individuals participated in the current study. Following provision of informed consent, 2 mL of blood samples were taken. After DNA isolation, the genotyping frequencies of the IGF-I gene C/T polymorphism was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Statistical analyses carried out using SPSS software (version 20) and data with P 1) however, was not significant. Odd ratios of T/T and T/C genotypes compared to C/C in professional group versus controls were 1.125 (95%CI: 0.556 - 2.275) and 1.034 (0.538 - 1.984), respectively. Also, odd ratio of T/T and T/C in amateur group versus controls were 1.002 (0.535 - 1.876) and 1.256 (0.715 - 2.205), respectively. Conclusion: The IGF-I gene C/T polymorphism is not significantly associated with the physical performance´s levels of karate-kas athletes in Iranian population.
Autoantikörper bei systemischen Autoimmunerkrankungen

Die gesundheitspolitische Bedeutung der Autoantikörper-Diagnostik ergibt sich aus der Prävalenz von Autoimmunerkrankungen in der Bevölkerung von 3 – 5 %. Derzeit wird die rheumatoide Arthritis als häufigste Autoimmunerkrankung angesehen, ge-folgt von autoimmunen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen, dem Anti-Phospholipid-Syndrom und autoimmunen Lebererkrankungen. Die Prävalenz der meisten der bisher definier-ten Autoimmunerkrankungen ist jedoch gering. Im vorliegenden Leitfaden werden die systemischen Autoimmunerkrankungen und deren Autoantikörper behandelt. In einem Folgeband sollen Autoantikörper in der Diagnostik von organspezifischen Autoimmunerkrankungen erörtert werden. Zu den systemischen Autoimmunerkran-kungen zählen chronisch-entzündliche rheumatische Erkrankungen (chronische Bin-degewebserkrankungen/Kollagenosen, rheumatoide Arthritis, systemische Vaskuliti-den) sowie das Anti-Phospolipid-Syndrom. Diejenigen organspezifischen Autoim-munerkrankungen, welche auch mit systemischen Manifestationen einhergehen können, finden in diesem Band keine Berücksichtigung.
Explaining the coexistence of asexuals with their sexual progenitors: no evidence for general‐purpose genotypes in obligate parthenogens of the peach‐potato aphid, Myzus persicae

In parthenogens, selection acts on entire genotypes rather than individual alleles. The general-purpose genotype hypothesis (GPG) predicts that temporally variable environments select for clones with broad ecological tolerances. These general-purpose genotypes should exhibit low fitness variance and high geometric mean fitness across environments. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the fitness of obligately and cyclically parthenogenetic genotypes of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, on three unrelated host plants. We found genetic variation for the relative performance on different hosts, but no difference in geometric mean fitness between obligate and cyclical parthenogens. Thus, for an environmental variable of major importance to aphids, the GPG hypothesis was not supported. In addition, the lack of an overall fitness difference between reproductive modes suggests that cyclical parthenogens incur no cost of polyphenism, but neither can they compensate for the cost of sex during the parthenogenetic phase of their life cycle.
Respostas fisiológicas de estresse no matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) após exercício físico intenso durante a captura

This study reports the stress responses of matrinxa after chasing. Juvenile fish (26.7±6.7 g) were adapted to 100L plastic boxes and submitted to the treatments: Control (no chasing), Chasing for 2 min, Chasing for 5 min, Chasing for 10 min (four boxes/ treatment, 32 fish). Blood was drawn 15, 30 and 60 min after chasing to determine levels of cortisol, glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes number and osmolality. Matrinxa responses after forced swimming did not show the typical stress responses. There were no changes in blood cortisol, glucose, potassium and calcium levels in fish from any treatment until 60 min after chasing. Blood chloride levels were lower 15 min after chasing while the lowest levels of sodium were registered 60 min after the forced swimming. Osmolality dropped 30min after chasing, regardless the period of chasing. The intense swimming did not affect hematological indicators confirming the other physiological indicators. The results suggest that the intense swimming provoked by chasing up to 10 min was not intense enough to promote stress responses in matrinxa indicating that the species is very resistant to the farming handling.
Evolutionary Strategies and Morphological Innovations: Cichlid Pharyngeal Jaws

Liem, Karel F. (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138) 1974. Evolutionary strategies and morphological innovations: Cichlid pharyngeal jaws. Syst. Zool. 22:425-441. -The percoid fish family Cichlidae possesses a phenomenal ability to colonize lakes and to diversify to an extent unmatched by any other vertebrate family in the presence of predator pressure and strong competition. The invading cichlids successfully occupy contiguous and occasionally overlapping adaptive zones and specialize progressively into diversified subzones, ramifying prodigiously and covering a breadth of total adaptation that would have been entirely unpredictable if we were aware only of the rudiments of the evolutionary process. This evolutionary avalanche can be attributed to the cooccurrence of a wide range of prospective adaptive zones in the lacustrine environment, and the presence of a unique morphological key innovation of maximum versatility. The new adaptive complex has been revealed in this study by electromyographic analysis synchronized with cineradiography of the cichlid pharyngeal jaw apparatus. The morphological novelty characterizing the family Cichlidae involves the development of: a synarthrosis between the lower pharyngeal jaws, a strategic shift of insertion of the two fourth levator externi muscles, and synovial joints between upper pharyngeal jaws and basicranium. This specialized, highly integrated key innovation enables the cichlids not only to transport (deglutination) but also to prepare food, freeing the premaxillary and mandibular jaws to evolve numerous specializations dealing with the collection of dramatically diverse foods. The functional integration of the innovation is so basic and its potential adaptive versatility so rich that it is maintained throughout the adaptive radiation even though numerous nondisruptive evolutionary changes do take place, providing prodigious opportunities for explosive evolution during the exploitation of rich resources of food in the lacustrine environment. The conversion of the preexisting elements into a new and significantly improved cichlid adaptive complex of high selective value may have evolved by rapid steps under influence of strong selection pressure acting on the minor reconstruction of the -genotype which is involved in evolutionary changes of the pertinent ontogenetic mechanisms. Such relatively simple evolutionary processes are probably the cause for the general phenomenon that only slight reconstructions of existing structures are necessary for successful and rapid adaptation to drastic shifts of adaptive zones.
Promoting Engineering Education Among High School and Middle School Students

with the necessary strategies to foster creative thinking, successful problem-solving skills, and the imperative to become cultured to meet these demands (Felder, Woods, Stice, & Rugarcia, 2000). In order to guarantee that students will have the critical-thinking skills to succeed as professionals and responsible members of society, we must identify the skills that we wish for our students to develop and communicate their importance to the students; additional suggestions have also been given that apply specifically to the development of problem-solving, writing, teamwork, self-assessment, lifelong learning, and change-management skills (Woods, Felder, Rugarcia, & Stice, 2000). In recent times, and through much turmoil, a consensus was reached among engineering educators as to what engineering education should encompass at the moment. The purpose of this focus is to achieve the changes necessary to bring this curriculum into effect nationally (Ernst & Peden, 1998). Three instructional approaches—active learning, cooperative learning, and problem-based learning—have been shown to achieve some successes in the training of future engineers (Felder & Brent, 2004). There were other programs conducted by TAMIU with this intention in mind. The STEM-RRG PE Cohort was such a program, in which a group of about 24 students was selected and given a year round advising, mentoring, and familiarity with the engineering programs and careers. A feature of the program is that this group of students is sent to Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, Texas, the largest engineering school in the country, to accomplish the task of benefitting students seeking programs in engineering (Bachnak, Goonatilake, Jin, & Belkhouche, 2010).
La conception de schémas relationnels en analyse criminelle: au-delà de la maîtrise des outils

Des techniques de visualisation sont exploitees dans les enquetes judiciaires afin de faciliter le traitement d'affaires d'envergure. Les elements pertinents de l'enquete sont representes par des schemas decrivant les relations entre les evenements et les entites d'interet. Les exploitations classiques de ces techniques qui s'apparentent a la construction de graphes sont par exemple : la representation de reseaux criminels, de trafics de marchandises, de chronologies d'evenements, ainsi que la visualisation de relations telephoniques et financieres. Dans ce contexte, la visualisation soutient un nombre important d'objectifs, tels qu'analyser les traces et les informations collectees, evaluer a posteriori une investigation, aider a qualifier les infractions, faciliter l'apprehension d'un dossier et la prise de decisions au cours d'une enquete, voire soutenir une argumentation lors du proces. La pratique integre des outils logiciels simples qui produisent des graphiques elegants et souvent percutants. Cette recherche tend a montrer qu'il existe des disparites etonnantes lors de l'exploitation de ces techniques. Des biais de raisonnement et de perception peuvent etre induits, allant jusqu'a provoquer des decisions aux consequences parfois desastreuses. Pour mettre en evidence ces difficultes, des evaluations ont ete effectuees avec des praticiens et des etudiants. Elles ont permis d'etablir une image empirique de l'etendue des variations de conception et d'interpretation des representations, ainsi que de leurs impacts sur la prise de decision. La nature et la diversite des concepts a representer, l'absence de consensus sur la maniere de representer les donnees, la diversite des solutions visuelles envisageables, les contraintes imposees par les outils exploites et l'absence d'une formalisation claire du langage, sont autant de causes supposees des difficultes. Ce constat revele la necessiter de consolider les methodes pratiquees.
BRYOPSIS MAXIMA (CHLOROPHYTA) GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE: MULTIPLE GENES AND ISOZYMES

Subcellular localization of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was investigated in the green alga Bryopsis maxima. Both intact and pure chloroplasts and mitochondria were isolated by two methods: successive centrifugation and continuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The NADP‐dependent GDH activities of the chloroplastic, mitochondrial, and cytosolic portions were estimated as 64.3, 9.8, and 25.9%, respectively, and NAD‐dependent GDH activity was observed only in the chloroplasts. Three organelle‐specific isozymes—chloroplastic NADP‐GDH1, cytosolic/mitochondrial NADP‐GDH2, and cytosolic/mitochondrial NADP‐GDH3—were purified. The molecular masses of these isozymes were estimated to be the same (280 kDa). Km values of NADP‐GDH1, NADP‐GDH2, and NADP‐GDH3 for NADPH in the amination reaction were 30, 110, and 34 μM, respectively, and those for NADH were 185, 1490, and 974 μM, respectively, showing different cofactor affinities. Several NADP‐GDHs and one NAD‐GDH were induced in the chloroplasts during incubation of the collected thalli in either continuous light or darkness in aerated seawater for 0 to 5 days, whereas the cytosolic and mitochondrial NADP‐GDHs decreased to an almost undetectable level in 5 days. Two distinct DNA fragments (BmF‐1 and BmF‐2) encoding B. maxima Okamura GDH were identified and sequenced. They showed 90% homology in their deduced amino acid sequences, whereas synonymous nucleotide substitution was observed in the third position of 52% of the codons. Genomic Southern analysis suggested that the two genes are located at two different loci on the B. maxima chromosome. Thus, B. maxima GDH has been confirmed to be multiple in terms of both protein and gene. The localization of other nitrogen‐assimilating enzymes was also determined. Glutamine synthetase was located in the chloroplasts and the cytosol, glutamate synthase was located in the chloroplasts, and nitrate reductase was located in the cytosol.
Stem cells, cytokines and their receptors

Stem cells that have totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent abilities can be divided into two main categories: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells originate from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage during embryonic development whereas adult stem cells are derived from bone marrow. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into mature cells or transdifferentiate into other tissues partly due to cellular signals triggered by the growth factors such as cytokines. Cytokines produce cellular signals through the cytoplasmic domain of their cognate receptor. Cytokine receptors have been categorised into several superfamilies followed by subfamilies partly due to structural similarities (extracellular and cytoplasmic domains) and combination of subunits. The ability of IL-3 to trigger differentiation not only to haemopoietic stem cells but also to liver stem cells might be a potential factor for transdifferentiation. IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-5 receptors are members of a common â subfamily because they share the same â subunit known as â common (âc). This review focuses on the â subfamily and in particular on their potential signalling pathways, i.e. proliferation, differentiation and survival that triggers at the cytoplasmic domain of both subunits (α subunits and âc) on the stem cells.
DISPERSAL OF FAIRY SHRIMP CHIROCEPHALUS DIAPHANUS (BRANCHIOPODA: ANOSTRACA) BY THE TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA)

Abstract The presence of small trout together with fairy shrimp (Chirocephalus diaphanus) in isolated corrie lakelets in the French Pyrenees suggests that the fish might be agents of dispersal of the shrimp, if resting eggs could survive ingestion and freezing. Resting eggs in ovigerous females of Chirocephalus diaphanus can pass through the digestive tract of a trout and be subsequently frozen without losing their viability. Subsequently fecal pellets were collected from each fish. The gut passage time of C. diaphanus eggs were up to 4 days. Resting eggs recovered from fecal pellets were counted, frozen and then incubated. Hatching of nauplii began after 32 days, and 50.9% (sd. 29.4) hatched over the following 7 days. Ovigerous females of lab cultured C. diaphanus were administered to four trout Salmon trutta kept in separate tanks. Therefore, fish can aid upstream dispersion of these fairy shrimp.
What is engineering innovativeness

An innovation is the ‘implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), process, marketing method, ororganizational method in business practices, workplace organization or external relations’. Acting as innovators and as thetranslators of new or existing technology into innovations that benefit society is the torch that engineers are expected to carry.Multiple vague and overlapping definitions of innovative behavior by engineers lead to much confusion in our society over the rolethat engineers play or can play in the innovation process. In this paper we explore the innovative behavior of engineers and therelationship of that innovative behavior with the creative, problem solving, design and entrepreneurial behavior of engineers. Thesedifferent perspectives of defining the innovative behavior of engineers, or, as we call it, ‘innovativeness’ in engineers, illustrate thesocietal confusion over the definition of innovative behavior by engineers. The key question that we propose to answer is: ‘Whatset of intrinsic abilities (skills, knowledge, personality traits, or attributes) when combined with domain knowledge, experience andother extrinsic factors enable and inspire engineers to create innovations that benefit society? ’
Local models of heterotic flux vacua: spacetime and worldsheet aspects

We report on some recent progress in understanding heterotic flux compactifications, from a worldsheet perspective mainly. We consider local models consisting in torus fibration over warped Eguchi‐Hanson space and non‐Kähler resolved conifold geometries. We analyze the supergravity solutions and define a double‐scaling limit of the resolved singularities, defined such that the geometry is smooth and weakly coupled. We show that, remarkably, the heterotic solutions admit solvable worldsheet CFT descriptions in this limit. This allows in particular to understand the important role of worldsheet non‐perturbative effects.
STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF THE ENDOPHYTE OF OLALNUS GLUTINOSA (L.) VILL. IN NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS

SUMMARY During incubation of nutrient solutions heavily inoculated with an axenic suspension of spore-nodules of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Vill. we observed an increase in infective capacity. This effect was only obtained with nutrient solutions to which an extract with petrol ether-soluble substances from roots had been added. The reproducibility of the experiments is definitely increased when the active lipid factor(s) is further purified by silicagel column chromatography. Aerobic conditions are essential. Microscopic examination of the infective nutrient solutions showed the presence of Actinomycete-like hyphae. These hyphae were never observed in controls where the lipid extracts had been omitted. After several transfers to fresh media, cultures are still highly infective and microscopically characterized by growth of these hyphae. After inoculation with axenic suspensions of spore + nodules, neither an increase of infectivity nor growth of hyphae was observed.
Lichens Growing on Glass in Antarctica

Abstract Early stages of lichen colonization on glass are reported for the first time from Antarctica. In the initial establishment of the lichen thallus rhizomorphs play an importantrole for the attachment to the substratum and the exploitation of nutrient and photobiont resources. The micrographs presented indicate that in Antarctica colonization of bare substrata bylichens is not necessarily an extremely slow process. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that the use of artificial substrata such as glass could provide a simple method for studies in lichencolonization and development in extreme environments.
Growth performance and N excretion of double muscled Piemontese bulls fed low protein rations with or without the addition of rumen protected conjugated linoleic acid

Abstract Growth performance and N excretion of double muscled Piemontese (DMP) bulls were investigated. Forty-eight DMP bulls (LW 279 kg), divided in 4 groups, housed in 12 pens, were fed 2 rations (TMR) differing for crude protein density (diets HP: CP=14.7% DM; diets LP: CP=11.0% DM) and top dressed with 80 g/d of rumen protected CLA (CLA) or with 65 g/d of hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO). DM intake was measured, weekly and on pen basis, from the weights of feed distributed and orts. Bulls were weighted monthly. Trial lasted 334 d. Data were analysed by ANOVA. Over the whole trial, no effects due to CP, to additive (A) or to CPxA were found on final LW (670 kg), average daily gain (1.187 kg/d), DM intake (8.50 kg/d), and on SEUROP (5.2 points) and cold dressing (67.3%). Interaction CPxA affected (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio and N efficiency. With respect to HP, LP reduced (P<0.01) N excretion from 57 to 40 kg /head. On DMP bulls a reduction of 29% of N excretion can be achieved by using low protein TMR without negative consequence on growth performance and carcass traits.
Functional Differences between the Amino-Terminal Domains of Estrogen Receptors α and β

Human estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that are highly homologous in their central DNA-binding and carboxyl-terminal ligand-binding domains. In contrast, there is very little conservation between ERα and ERβ in the amino-terminal domain. Using different human cell lines, we show that wild-type ERβ transcriptional activity is lower or similar to that of ERα, depending on the cell type. Deletion of the amino-terminal domain in both ER subtypes resulted in no or a lower decrease of transcriptional activity of ERβ compared with ERα, suggesting that the ERβ amino-terminal domain contains a weaker transcriptional activation function-1. Using ERα and ERβ deletion mutants, we showed that the amino-terminal transcriptional activity of ERβ maps to amino acids 1-31. Interestingly, this domain contains a six amino-acid motif (amino acids 5–10 in human ERβ) that is part of the ERα-activation function-1 region (amino acids 49–54 in human ERα) and highly conserved among all mammalian ERα amino-terminal domains. Despite this similarity between the two ER subtypes, no autonomous and ligand-independent activity of the ERβ-amino-terminal domain was observed in yeast and mammalian cells in contrast to ERα. This study provides a molecular basis for the difference in transcriptional activity between ERα and ERβ and establishes that ERβ contains a structurally and functionally restricted amino-terminal transcriptional activity.
Leiodinae and Catopinae (Coleoptera; Leiodidae)From Jamaica and Puerto Rico

one Dissochaetus from Puerto Rico and one each from St. Vincent and Grenada; and three species of Proptomaphaginus, one from Puerto Rico and two from Cuba (Peck 197o). In the subfamily Leiodinae only three species are known: C:vrtusa conicitarsus Champion I925, from St. Vincent and Grenada; ztglyptinus guadelupensis Portevin I942, from Guadeloupe; and A. kazabi Hlisnikovsky 964, from Guadeloupe. Although Wolcott (936) mentions an Aglyptinus from Puerto Rico, it was intercepted in Inga laurina pods of unmentioned origin by Agriculture inspectors and may not be the native species.