Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Sperm Analysis in Microscopic Images of Human Semen: Segmentation Using Minimization of Information Distance

Introduction The morphologic features of human sperms are key indicators for monitoring fertility problems in men. Therefore, automated analyzing methods via microscopic videos have become the most favorite policy in infertility treatment during the last decades. Materials and Methods In the proposed method, firstly a hypothesis testing framework was defined to distinguish sperms from background. Then, some regions were selected as candidates by minimization of the information distance between the original and processed images. Finally, the correct sperms were extracted from candidates using a watershed-based algorithm. Results The proposed, Watershed Segmentation Algorithm (WSA), Multi Structure Element Segmentation (MSES) and Dynamic Threshold Segmentation (DTS) algorithms achieve true positive rates of 96%, 84%, 81%, and 70%, respectively, versus typically 3% of false positive rate in semen specimens with high density of sperms. The true positive rates of 87%, 69%, 66%, and 52%, respectively, at the same false positive rate were obtained for the semen specimens with high density of sperms. Conclusion Results show that false positive rates of the proposed algorithm were at least 8% (in the first scenario) and 32% (in the second scenario) better than other methods considering the minimum acceptable true positive rate of 90%. Furthermore, it has been shown that the proposed algorithm extracted sperms at least 12% (in the first scenario) and 18% (in the second scenario) better than other methods in presence of a typically low false positive rate equal to 3%.
Electrocatalytic Determination of Glutathione Using Transition Metal Hexacyanoferrates (MHCFs) of Copper and Cobalt Electrode Posited on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

A glassy carbon electrode was modified with graphene oxide nanosheets and a hybrid of copper-cobalt hexacyanoferrate. The nanocomposite was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry showed a stable and reversible redox pair with surface confined characteristics in phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 3). Hydrodynamic amperometry was used for determination of glutathione at pH 3. The catalytic oxidation peak current varied linearly with the concentration of glutathione in the range of 3.3 × 10-7 to 5.5 × 10-5 M with a limit of detection of 2.5 × 10-7 M. The repeatability was evaluated for 5 successive measurements of a GSH solution (0.48 mM) by the proposed method as relative standard deviation (RSD%), which was 3.02%. When 3 different electrodes were used, the RSD% for GSH determination was 3.34%. The modified electrode was used in the determination of glutathione in hemolysed erythrocyte samples with satisfactory results.
A Freshwater Diet-Derived 14C Reservoir Effect at the Stone Age Sites in the Iron Gates Gorge

Human bones from single inhumation burials and artifacts made from terrestrial mammal (ungulate) bone found in direct association with the skeletons were obtained from the Stone Age site of Schela Cladovei situated just below the Iron Gates Gorge of the River Danube. The results of stable isotope analyses of the human bone collagen are consistent with a heavy dependence on aquatic protein while radiocarbon dating of the samples reveals an offset of 300–500 years between the two sample types, indicating a freshwater reservoir effect in the human bone samples. Since protein consumption is by far the major source of nitrogen in the human diet we have assumed a linear relationship between δ15N and the level of aquatic protein in each individual's diet and derived a calibration for 14C age offset versus δ15N which has been applied to a series of results from the site at Lepenski Vir within the gorge. The corrected 14C ages (7310-6720 BP) are now consistent with the previous 14C age measurements made on charcoal from related contexts (7360–6560 BP). In addition, the data indicate a change from a primarily aquatic to a mixed terrestrial/aquatic diet around 7100 BP and this may be argued as supporting a shift from Mesolithic to Neolithic. This study also has wider implications for the accurate dating of human bone samples when the possibility exists of an aquatic component in the dietary protein and strongly implies that δ15N analysis should be undertaken routinely when dating human bones.
The SPITZER c2d Survey of Weak-Line T Tauri Stars. I. Initial Results

Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have observed 90 weak-line and classical T Tauri stars in the vicinity of the Ophiuchus, Lupus, Chamaeleon, and Taurus star-forming regions as part of the Cores to Disks (c2d) Spitzer Legacy project. In addition to the Spitzer data, we have obtained contemporaneous optical photometry to assist in constructing spectral energy distributions. These objects were specifically chosen as solar-type young stars with low levels of Hα emission, strong X-ray emission, and lithium absorption, i.e., weak-line T Tauri stars, most of which were undetected in the mid- to far-IR by the IRAS survey. Weak-line T Tauri stars are potentially extremely important objects in determining the timescale over which disk evolution may take place. Our objective is to determine whether these young stars are diskless or have remnant disks that are below the detection threshold of previous infrared missions. We find that only 5/83 weak-line T Tauri stars have detectable excess emission between 3.6 and 70 μm, which would indicate the presence of dust from the inner few tenths of an AU out to the planet-forming regions a few tens of AU from the star. Of these sources, two have small excesses at 24 μm consistent with optically thin disks; the others have optically thick disks already detected by previous IR surveys. All of the seven classical T Tauri stars show excess emission at 24 and 70 μm although their properties vary at shorter wavelengths. Our initial results show that disks are rare among young stars selected for their weak Hα emission.
Determining Water Salinity in a Shallow Aquiferand Its Vulnerability to Coastline Erosion

In most coastal areas in Mexico, there is an increase in housing development and facilities for tourism, consequently resulting in a negative impact on the environment. Due to this, an awareness of the critical role of groundwater in sustaining coastal populations, economies, and ecosystems is growing. The coastal zone of Sinaloa State is classified as an area with a high presence of saline groundwater in Mexico. The present work was performed in the Las Glorias Beach, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. The results of the analysis of 19 soil and groundwater samples indicate the predominance of sandy soil and a wide range of water salinity, from slightly saline to brine. An electromagnetic profiling (EMP) survey was performed at the study site showing a low apparent electrical conductivity zone parallel to the coastline as indicative of the possible presence of fresh and/or slightly saline water. Apparent electrical conductivity values were compared with electrical conductivity values measured in groundwater samples collected in wells, resulting in a positive linear correlation (R = 0.97). This linear relation is explained by a φ ξ electromagnetic analytic model when 5.36 ≤ σa ≤ 85.87 mS/cm. The linear relation was used to recalculate the apparent electrical conductivity values from EMP survey into electrical conductivity values of groundwater and, therefore, TDS values. The TDS map indicates the presence of a barrier of fresh/slightly saline groundwater parallel to the coastline that keeps a fragile balance that prevents the advance of saltwater intrusion from the sea of Cortés and from brine zones located in the northern part of the site. The advance of erosion in Las Glorias Beach exposes *e-mail: hpeinado75@hotmail.com DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/70177 2002 Peinado-Guevara H.J., et al.
The human motor cortex and action sequence learning by observation

How do people learn to perform new actions through observation? Does it involve the immediate formation of a new motor representation of the action, or is more abstract thought, such as mentally rehearsing spoken instructions, involved in learning the new action? This study aims to answer these questions by examining how the rolandic Mu rhythm (8-14 Hz), found in the human electro-encephalogram, is influenced by action sequence learning by observation
Abenomics ’ Two Arrows Hit the Bulls ?

Over the past two decades, Japan has been perplexed by a series of problems, like ageing population, deflation, huge public debt and sluggish growth. Shortly after taking his office as the Prime Minister of Japan in December 2012, Shinzo Abe has implemented a package of expansionary economic policies, known as “Abenomics,” to revive the economy. By focusing on the first two “arrows” – aggressive monetary policy and flexible fiscal policy – this paper attempts to evaluate their performance over the past two years. It was found that although the Bank of Japan (BOJ) has successfully made the yen depreciated by around 30 percent and maintained a low interest rate environment, most of the targets are still to be met, and there are full of challenges lying ahead. JEL classification numbers: E32, E52, E62
The Effect of Organizational Factors on Knowledge Management Process

Nowadays, knowledge plays a Basic Role in achievement of strategic objectives and gains a competitive advantage. So, recognition organizational factors affecting on correct implementation knowledge management process, is one of the most important considerations in this area. This study investigated the influence of organizational factors on knowledge management process. To assess these factors, views of 150 managers and employees were taken by method stratified random sampling. The questionnaire used in this study. For measurement reliability used Cronbach's alpha and validity measure by getting opinion of management professor and experts in the field. The results showed that the tools have validity and reliability. The methodology that was used to test the hypothesis including the correlation and regression analysis, and finally, multiple regressions is used. Results showed that organizational culture, organizational structure and technology used in the company effected by the knowledge management process.
Basement structures from satellite-derived gravity field: South China Sea ridge

[1] The satellite-derived gravity over the South China Sea reveals high spatial frequency signals not present in the bathymetric models. The most evident is a linear feature of near 1000 km length, which parallels the South China Sea extinct spreading center. We formulate a crustal model of the South China Sea by constrained forward and inverse gravity modeling. The effect of the sediment layer is evaluated using the global sediment thickness model of NOAA and fitting the sediment compaction model to observed density values. The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) and constraining data from seismology on crustal thickness are integrated in the inversion process, which includes the flexural isostasy model. The model crustal thickness values vary between 8 and 12 km and between 10 and 20 km over the oceanic and continental crustal part of the South China Sea, respectively. The elastic thickness is below 6 km over most of the sea, with lowest values in the margin (between 2 and 4 km). Finally, we invert the gravity data for the gravity-equivalent basement topography, which in sediment-covered areas corresponds to the basement and in sediment-free areas coincides with the bathymetry. We find a continuous ridge structure along the entire midbasin: It changes from a steep valley in the younger SW basin to a less pronounced valley in the NE basin, lined with seamounts. Our model shows the spreading center to be continuous and to bend from the older EW orientation to the younger SW-NE orientation rather than being made up of two separate axis segments.
Effect of Smoking in Cognition among Male Medical Students

Introduction: Smokers claim that smoking increases their concentration, alertness, and overall mental performance. On the contrary, evidences point at gradual cognitive deterioration in smokers. Cognitive deterioration can be assessed by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA). Objective: To compare the cognitive status in smoker and non-smoker medical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was done in 46 male medical students with normal cardiac and pulmonary functions (23 smokers and 23 non-smokers, FTND was used to establish smoking status) at Pulmonary Function Lab in the Department of Basic and Clinical Physiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were measured to exclude pulmonary function defect. Blood Pressure (SBP and DBP) was used to ascertain subjects with normal and abnormal cardiac function. For cognition assessment Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), which is a close ended questionnaire, was used. Data were expressed in median and Inter-Quartile-Range (IQR). Chi-square Test was applied to observe association between smoking and cognition (normal vs. impaired cognition). Results: All baseline variables viz., anthropometric (Age and BMI), cardiovascular (Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressures) and pulmonary function (VC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) were comparable between smokers and nonsmokers except age. Greater percentage of smokers compared to non-smokers (48% vs. 22%) had mild cognitive decline as measured by MoCA score. However, the finding was statistically non-significant (0.063). Conclusion: Low nicotine-dependent male medical students with normal pulmonary and cardiac functions, showed mild but insignificant cognitive decline as measured by MoCA score.
The Role of Visualisations in Social Media Monitoring Systems

Social-Media streams are constantly supplying vast volumes of real-time User Generated Content through platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, which makes it a challenge to monitor and understand. Understanding social conversations has now become a major interest for businesses, PR and advertising agencies, as well as law enforcement and government bodies. Monitoring of social-media allows us to observe large numbers of spontaneous, real-time interactions and varied expression of opinion, often fleeting and private. However, human, expert monitoring is generally unfeasible due to the high volumes of data. This has been a major reason for recent research and development work looking at automated social-media monitoring systems. Such systems often keep the human "out of the loop" as an NLP (Natural Language Processing) pipeline and other data-mining algorithms deal with analysing and extracting features and meaning from the data. This is plagued by a variety of problems, mostly due to the heterogenic, inconsistent and context-poor nature of social-media data, where as a result the accuracy and efficacy of such systems suffers. Nevertheless, automated social-media monitoring systems provide for a scalable, streamlined and often efficient way of dealing with big-data streams. The integration of processing outputs from automated systems and feedback to human experts is a challenge and deserves to be addressed in research literature. This paper will establish the role of the human in the social-media monitoring loop, based on prior systems work in this area. The focus of our investigation will be on use of visualisations for effective feedback to human experts. A specific, custom built system's case-study in a social-media monitoring scenario will be considered and suggestions on how to bring back the human "into the loop" will be provided. Also some related ethical questions will be briefly considered. It is hoped that this work will inform and provide valuable insight to help improve development of automated social-media monitoring systems.
Effects of shackling and cone restraining on meat quality of broiler chickens slaughtered at two categories of live weight

A study was conducted to determine the effects of shackling and cone restraining methods on meat quality of broiler chickens slaughtered at two categories of live weight. Fourty Cobb 400 male broilers were randomly assigned to a 2 Ã— 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 10 birds of each treatment group. The birds were slaughtered at â‰¤2 kg and â‰¥2.5 kg live weights using shackling or cone restraining methods. Neither cone nor shackle restraining methods affected the pH change of both slaughter weights. Birds weighing â‰¤2 kg subjected to cone method had higher (P<0.05) a*, b* and lower (p<0.05) L*, drip loss, cooking loss and shear force than those subjected to shackle method. Birds weighing â‰¥2.5 kg subjected to cone method had higher (p<0.05) b* and lower (p<0.05) L* and cooking loss than those restrained with a shackle method. Results of shear force values, L*, a*, b*, and pH change were significantly higher (p<0.05) in â‰¥2.5 kg chickens compared with those â‰¤2 kg chickens using shackling restraining method.
Effects of strong magnetic fields on hybrid stars

In this work we study the e ects of strong magnetic elds on hybrid stars by using a full general-relativity approach, solving the coupled Maxwell-Einstein equation in a self- consistent way. The magnetic eld is assumed to be axi-symmetric and poloidal. We take into consideration the anisotropy of the energy-momentum tensor due to the magnetic eld, magnetic eld e ects on equation of state, the interaction between matter and the magnetic eld (magnetization), and the anomalous magnetic moment of the hadrons. The equation of state used is an extended hadronic and quark SU(3) non-linear realization of the sigma model that describes magnetized hybrid stars containing nucleons, hyperons and quarks. According to our results, the e ects of the magnetization and the magnetic eld on the EoS do not play an important role on global properties of these stars. On the other hand, the magnetic eld causes the central density in these objects to be reduced, inducing major changes in the populated degrees of freedom and, potentially, converting a hybrid star into a hadronic star.
Leaf Essential Oil of Cultivated Pimenta Racemosa (Mill.) J.W. Moore from North India: Distribution of Phenylpropanoids and Chiral Terpenoids

In this work, cultivated Pimenta racemosa from North Indian plains was studied for its leaf volatile composition twice in year at two distinct seasons (spring and autumn) using GC-FID, enantio-GC-FID, GC/MS and 1H-, 13C-NMR and DEPT experiments. Phenylpropanoid was the abundant class of compounds represented by eugenol (72.9%) followed by chavicol (7.7%) whereas myrcene (9.6%) and limonene (3.8%) were identified as the most exclusive terpene constituents in spring collection. The autumn sample was recorded with highest eugenol (92.9%) proportion. Notably, presence of chavicol differentiates this oil from Pimenta dioica. An enantiomeric excess for (S)-(-)-limonene (41.1-45.3%) and (R)-(-)-linalool (86.7-89.9%) was recorded over (R)-(+)-limonene and (S)-(+)-linalool, respectively when separated on 6-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-diethyl-β-cyclodextrin chiral phase. Moreover, both the monoterpene derivatives occur as enantiomeric mixture in P. racemosa leaf essential oil.
PREVALENCE OF BOVINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS IN BLACK AND WHITE COWS WITH THE DIFFERENT LEVEL OF MILK PRODUCTIVE TRAITS

Summary The association study of BLV status (carrier, non-carrier) with the level of milk productive traits in Black and White cows of different lactation periods was performed. The blood samples were derived from the whole herd including 382 cows of fist lactation period, 253 cows of second lactation period and 197 cows of third lactation period. The presence of provirus form of BLV in blood leuco-cytes was detected by nested PCR using developed system. Based on results of PCR analysis the cows received BLV + or BLV status. The increase of the number of cows with BLV + status from 28.5 per cent of fist lactation period cows to 36.1 per cent of third lactation period cows was observed. The significantly higher BLV prevalence (+9.0…+ 21.7 per cent) in fist lactation period cows with the «mean» (within Xaverage±σ) and «high» (more than Xaverage+σ) levels of milk productive traits (milk yield, fat content, milk fat and protein yield) comparing to «low» productive cows (less than Xaverage-σ) was observed. The data analysis in aspect of different milk productive traits indicated the higher differences between the groups differed in milk fat yield (18.3-21.7 per cent, p < 0.999). The tendencies described above in the most of cases were observed in the second and third period lactations' cows. The increase of the level of most milk productive traits (milk yield, fat content, milk fat and protein yield) in cows of different genealogical lines with BLV + status comparing to BLV status was observed.
BUILDING CLASSIFICATION OF VHR AIRBORNE STEREO IMAGES USING FULLY CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORKS AND FREE TRAINING SAMPLES

Abstract. Semantic segmentation, especially for buildings, from the very high resolution (VHR) airborne images is an important task in urban mapping applications. Nowadays, the deep learning has significantly improved and applied in computer vision applications. Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) is one of the tops voted method due to their good performance and high computational efficiency. However, the state-of-art results of deep nets depend on the training on large-scale benchmark datasets. Unfortunately, the benchmarks of VHR images are limited and have less generalization capability to another area of interest. As existing high precision base maps are easily available and objects are not changed dramatically in an urban area, the map information can be used to label images for training samples. Apart from object changes between maps and images due to time differences, the maps often cannot perfectly match with images. In this study, the main mislabeling sources are considered and addressed by utilizing stereo images, such as relief displacement, different representation between the base map and the image, and occlusion areas in the image. These free training samples are then fed to a pre-trained FCN. To find the better result, we applied fine-tuning with different learning rates and freezing different layers. We further improved the results by introducing atrous convolution. By using free training samples, we achieve a promising building classification with 85.6 % overall accuracy and 83.77 % F1 score, while the result from ISPRS benchmark by using manual labels has 92.02 % overall accuracy and 84.06 % F1 score, due to the building complexities in our study area.
A logarithmically improved blow-up criterion of smooth solutions for nematic liquid crystal flows with partial viscosity

In this paper we investigate the Cauchy problem for nematic liquid crystal flows with partial viscosity in R 3 . A logarithmically improved blow-up criterion of smooth solutions is established. The result is analogous to the celebrated Beale-Kato-Majda type criterion for the inviscid Euler equations of incompressible fluids.