Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers in the mind: promoting an economic case for mental health in low‐ and middle‐income countries

In recent years, policy makers in high-income countries have placed an increasing emphasis on the value of maintaining good mental health, recognizing the contribution that this makes to quality of life, whilst ever more mindful of the socio-economic consequences of poor mental health. The picture in many other parts of the world is much less encouraging; policy attention and resources are still directed largely at communicable diseases. We reflect on some of the challenges faced in these countries and outline the role that economic evidence could play in strengthening the policy case for investment in mental health. Clearly this should include assessment of the economic impact of strategies implemented outside, as well as within the health sector. The ways in which mental health services are delivered is also of critical importance. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have long been shown to be key stakeholders in the funding, coordination and delivery of these services in high-income countries. Their role in low- and middle-income countries, where infrastructure and policy focus on mental health are more limited, can be even more vital in overcoming some of the barriers to the development of mental health policy and practice.
E(1420) meson as a KK-bar pi molecule.

In this article an experimental summary of the {ital E}(1420) meson with {ital J}{sup {ital P}{ital C}}=1{sup ++} is presented and it is argued that the {ital E}(1420) is not explained by QCD in terms of being a fundamental arrangement of quarks and gluons. We then develop a final-state rescattering mechanism based on one-particle-exchange Born terms. We sum these Born terms through a Fredholm integral equation and obtain a Fredholm determinant which shows an enhancement at the {ital E}(1420) with {ital J}{sup {ital P}{ital C}}=1{sup ++}. The subsequent sum of Born terms is analogous to a {pi} orbiting in a {ital p} wave around an {ital s}-wave {ital K{bar K}} system. This represents the first example of a molecular state which is bound by color-singlet particle exchanges, as opposed to work by Weinstein and Isgur, which uses color forces to bind their molecule. A phenomenological analysis of all the latest {ital K{bar K}}{pi} data arising from hadroproduction argues that the molecular picture for the {ital E}(1420) is consistent. We show that if the molecular nature for the {ital E}(1420) is generated by the above final-state Born terms, an exotic {ital K}{sup +}{ital {bar K}}{sub 0}{ital K}{sup +} {ital J}{sup {italmore » P}}=0{sup {minus}} molecule must exist at the {ital K{bar K}K} threshold. « less
GABAA receptor beta subunit heterogeneity: functional expression of cloned cDNAs.

Cloned cDNAs encoding two new beta subunits of the rat and bovine GABAA receptor have been isolated using a degenerate oligonucleotide probe based on a highly conserved peptide sequence in the second transmembrane domain of GABAA receptor subunits. The beta 2 and beta 3 subunits share approximately 72% sequence identity with the previously characterized beta 1 polypeptide. Northern analysis showed that both beta 2 and beta 3 mRNAs are more abundant in the brain than beta 1 mRNA. All three beta subunit encoding cDNAs were also identified in a library constructed from adrenal medulla RNA. Each beta subunit, when co‐expressed in Xenopus oocytes with an alpha subunit, forms functional GABAA receptors. These results, together with the known alpha subunit heterogeneity, suggest that a variety of related but functionally distinct GABAA receptor subtypes are generated by different subunit combinations.
New Recursive Representations for the Favard Constants with Application to the Summation of Series

In this study integral form and new recursive formulas for Favard constants and some connected with them numeric and Fourier series are obtained. The method is based on preliminary integration of Fourier series which allows for establishing finite recursive representations for the summation. It is shown that the derived recursive representations are numerically more effective than known representations of the considered objects. Keywords—Effective summation of series, Favard constants, finite recursive representations, Fourier series.
ACOUFIND: Acoustic ad-hoc network system for trapped person detection

Most existing systems for finding live survivors under rubble in case of a disaster are based on RF or seismic detection. These systems generally do not provide accurate location of the victim, have high set-up and scan time and are prone to noise and interference. In this paper we describe an acoustic detection system that provides an accurate location of live persons under rubble. The system is based on a smartphone application that records the cries for help of the survivors and sounds nearby. The application is installed on smartphones of rescue team members positioned around the site. Recorded sound is transferred to a central processor that applies an acoustic location algorithm and provides an estimation of survivors location. The prototype system was tested in the Israel Home Front Command training site. Location accuracy measured for only three acoustic records around the survivor was within two meters on a 50 meters diameter site.
The pathology and genetics of metastatic pancreatic cancer.

CONTEXT Metastatic disease is the most critical determinant of resectability of pancreatic cancer and accounts for the poor outcome of patients with this disease. Thus, a better understanding of metastatic pancreatic cancer will afford new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVE To summarize and discuss the current understanding of the clinical and molecular features of metastatic pancreatic cancer. DATA SOURCES Published literature on advanced stage pancreatic cancer, pancreatic cancer metastasis, and autopsy findings in patients with pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS In the clinical setting, it can be difficult to distinguish a metastatic pancreatic carcinoma from primary neoplasms in the liver, lung, or ovary. However, immunolabeling for DPC4 protein as part of a diagnostic panel is useful for making this distinction. Emerging data from a variety of investigators now indicate that overexpression of EphA2, loss of DPC4 and MKK4, and aberrant activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway are associated with metastatic propensity of pancreatic cancers, providing novel therapeutic targets for the most lethal stage of this disease.
Asian American Adolescents' Willingness to Donate Organs and Engage in Family Discussion about Organ Donation and Transplantation

Context— Despite the growing need for organ donation among Asian Americans, studies suggest that they are reluctant to donate. Objective— To examine the association of attitudes and knowledge about organ donation and transplantation with willingness to donate and willingness to engage in family discussion about organ donation among Asian American adolescents. Design— A cross-sectional study. Setting— The Big Island of Hawaii. Participants— Self-identified Asian American adolescents (Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean), ages 16 to 17 years old, and each adolescent's parent or guardian. Main Outcome Measures— Asian American adolescents provided demographic information and completed the Modified Organ Donation Attitude Survey, the Organ Donation and Transplantation Knowledge Survey, and the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale. A parent or guardian also provided demographic information. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations with willingness to donate and to engage in family discussion about organ discussion. Results— Willingness to donate was associated with positive knowledge related to general aspects about organ donation and cultural limitations in receiving an organ transplant, a high level of acculturation, and a low level of negative attitudes (R2 = 0.402, F = 18.86, P = .005). Asian American adolescents with approving or positive attitudes were likely to engage in family discussion about organ donation (R2 = 0.195, F =27.93, P = .005). To reinforce and maintain high levels of knowledge and positive attitudes, organ donation education is most likely needed in high schools.
Prevalence of AIPL1 mutations in inherited retinal degenerative disease.

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy and the most frequent cause of inherited blindness in children. LCA is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, although rare dominant cases have been reported. One form of LCA, LCA4, maps to chromosome 17p13 and is genetically distinct from other forms of LCA. We recently identified the gene associated with LCA4, AIPL1 (aryl-hydrocarbon interacting protein-like 1) and identified three mutations that were the cause of blindness in five families with LCA. In this study, AIPL1 was screened for mutations in 512 unrelated probands with a range of retinal degenerative diseases to determine if AIPL1 mutations cause other forms of inherited retinal degeneration and to determine the relative contribution of AIPL1 mutations to inherited retinal disorders in populations worldwide. We identified 11 LCA families whose retinal disorder is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous AIPL1 mutations. We also identified affected individuals in two apparently dominant families, diagnosed with juvenile retinitis pigmentosa or dominant cone-rod dystrophy, respectively, who are heterozygous for a 12-bp AIPL1 deletion. Our results suggest that AIPL1 mutations cause approximately 7% of LCA worldwide and may cause dominant retinopathy.
Simulation and Quality in Clinical Education

Abstract Background Simulation-based education (SBE) has become commonplace in healthcare education within hospitals, higher education institutions, the private healthcare sector, and private education providers. The standards and quality of delivery vary across the UK (1), leading to differing degrees of learning for healthcare professionals. This variance in standards makes research into the impact of SBE on the end user (the patient) difficult to measure. Review The delivery of SBE needs to be of a high standard if learning via this pedagogy is to be maximised and benefits to patients accurately assessed. This article aims to summarise the importance of quality within clinical SBE and how it can be achieved and maintained to produce a measurable impact on patient care. The current progress of the implementation of UK national standards for SBE is included to highlight the need for standardisation and guidance to support simulation centres and individuals to benchmark practice and work towards accreditation through quality measurement and monitoring processes. Suggestions are made on how such standards will affect the future of SBE and all those involved. Conclusion There is a clear need for the development of national standards for SBE delivery and for a stepped approach [i.e. minimum, intermediate, and advanced standards] depending on the size, capacity, and frequency of SBE education delivery. Considerable financial outlay will be required to monitor standards effectively. The enhanced use of current and future technologies should be considered with regards to monitoring standards as well as data collection for future research opportunities. Keywords Simulation, quality improvement, educational standards
Gas-liquid flow on smooth and textured inclined planes

Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) is one of the various methods that can be used to reduce the carbon footprint of the energy sector. This paper focuses on the absorption of CO2 from flue gas using packed columns, whose efficiency is highly dependent on the structure of the liquid films within the column. To study the characteristics of liquid films a CFD solver, OpenFOAM is utilised to solve two-phase, isothermal film flow using the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method. The model was validated using existing experimental data and the Nusselt theory. It was found that smaller plate inclination angles, with respect to the horizontal plane, resulted in larger wetted areas on smooth plates. However, only a slight improvement in the wetted area was observed. Simulations were also performed using a ridged plate and it was observed that these surface textures significantly increase the wetted area of the plate. This was mainly attributed to the channelling effect of the ridges, which helped to oppose the surface tension forces trying to minimise the surface area. Rivulet formations on the ridged plate were also flattened out and spread across a larger proportion of the plate width
Vested Interests in addiction research and policy. Alliance between tobacco and alcohol industries to shape public policy.

AIMS The tobacco and alcohol industries share common policy goals when facing regulation, opposing policies such as tax increases and advertising restrictions. The collaboration between these two industries in the tobacco policy arena is unknown. This study explored if tobacco and alcohol companies built alliances to influence tobacco legislation and, if so, how those alliances worked. METHODS Analysis of previously secret tobacco industry documents. FINDINGS In the early 1980s, tobacco companies started efforts to build coalitions with alcohol and other industries to oppose cigarette excise taxes, clean indoor air policies and tobacco advertising and promotion constraints. Alcohol companies were often identified as a key partner and source of financial support for the coalitions. These coalitions had variable success interfering with tobacco control policy-making. CONCLUSIONS The combined resources of tobacco and alcohol companies may have affected tobacco control legislation. These alliances helped to create the perception that there is a broader base of opposition to tobacco control. Advocates should be aware of the covert alliances between tobacco, alcohol and other industries and expose them to correct this misperception.
RAMEDIS: a comprehensive information system for variations and corresponding phenotypes of rare metabolic diseases

RAMEDIS is a manually curated resource of human variations and corresponding phenotypes for rare metabolic diseases. The system is based on separate case reports that comprehensively describe various aspects of anonymous case study, e.g. molecular genetics, symptoms, lab findings, treatments, etc. Scientists are able to make use of the database by a simple and intuitive web‐based user interface with a common web browser. A registration or login is not necessary for a full reading access to the system content. Furthermore, a mutation analysis table summarizes the submitted variations per diagnosis and enables direct access to detailed information of corresponding case reports. Interested scientists may open an account to submit their case reports in order to share valuable genotype‐phenotype information efficiently with the scientific community. Currently, 794 case reports have been submitted, describing 92 different genetic metabolic diseases. To enhance the comprehensive coverage of available knowledge in the field of rare metabolic diseases, all case reports are linked to integrated information from public molecular biology databases like KEGG, OMIM and ENZYME. This information upgrades the case reports by related data of the corresponding diseases as well as involved enzymes, genes and metabolic pathways. Academic users may freely use the RAMEDIS system at http://www.ramedis. de. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Epidemiologic Study on the Prevalence of Diabetes, Glucose Intolerance, and Metabolic Syndrome in the Adult Population of the Republic of Cyprus

The study was conducted in Cyprus (November 2003 through January 2005). Stratified random sampling was used to select 1,200 individuals aged 20–80 years (from a total population of 477,000). In all subjects, anthropometrical measurements were taken, fasting lipids were measured, eating habits were evaluated according to a standardized questionnaire, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed (except in known diabetic patients). In the absence of OGTT-diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined by fasting plasma glucose ≥110 mg/dl and <126 mg/dl, whereas “new” IFG was …
Neuropsychological Tests in the Elderly: Methods and Sample Characteristics of a GRECC Study

This report describes the methods and sample characteristics of a neuropsychological study of the elderly conducted by the Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center of the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The goal of the study was to provide normative data, internal consistency and 1-year reliability estimates, and validated methods of estimating expected performance level. Thirty-one cognitive measures and a demographic questionnaire were administered to an age-, education-, and gender-stratified sample (N = 349) and a validation sample (N = 70). After 1 year, 104 of the participants were retested. Relative to published, nationally based normative data, the stratified sample showed performance levels that ranged from average to high average across the five tests examined.
Should the Amazigh Diet (Regular and Moderate Argan-Oil Consumption) have a Beneficial Impact on Human Health?

Virgin argan oil, cosmetic or dietary grade, is prepared by cold-pressing the kernels of argan fruits. Both types of oil, traditionally used by the amazighs (the argan grove traditional dwellers), are now available on the shelves of the most-developed country stores. Argan oil contains a high level of oleic and linoleic acid and is also particularly rich in phenols. Since these metabolites are currently considered as essential to explain some of the protective effects against cancer and coronary heart disease attributed to other oils, similar effects can be expected from argan oil consumption as suggested by the amazigh medicine claims. Interestingly, argan oil content in γ -tocopherol is much higher than that of any other oils. γ -Tocopherol has recently been shown to possess strong chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties. This indicates that argan oil should readily find a place of choice amid the most profitable oils for human health. Because of its reduced geographical origin, the chemical composition (major as well as minor components) of argan oil is also highly reproducible. Therefore argan oil consumption should confer health benefits in a reliable and efficient manner.
MicroRNAs and aging 182 MiRNAs and aging

2013 The Authors. Published by John Wiley and Sons, the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (C in any medium, provided the original work is properly cite Aging is a complex process that is linked to an increased incidence of major diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease, but also cancer d immune disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which postnscriptionally control gene expression by inhibiting translation or inducing gradation of targeted mRNAs. MiRNAs target up to hundreds of mRNAs, thereby dulating gene expression patterns. Many miRNAs appear to be dysregulated ring cellular senescence, aging and disease. However, only few miRNAs have been far linked to age-related changes in cellular and organ functions. The present icle will discuss these findings, specifically focusing on the cardiovascular and urological systems. Introduction
Spastic dysarthria after acquired brain injury: an acoustic study.

CVC syllables, sustained fricatives and rapid diphthong repetitions were examined in ten patients with spastic dysarthria following closed head trauma and cerebro-vascular accident. Speech samples were evaluated hy acoustic-signal processing. The data obtained/or segment durations, vowel quality, and plosive realisations revealed a disproportionate impairment in gross movements of the tongue back as compared to the tongue blade. In the milder cases target configurations could often be realised to an acoustically normal extent, yet at the expense of production time. This and the abnormalities in diphthong repetitions suggested that the faculty of accelerating the moving structures was limited in the observed spastic dysarthrics. Control of fine forces, however, was not generally impaired.
Analogue diagnosis of CMOS floating gate defect (FGD) using Genetic Algorithms (GAs)

As manufacturers go into volume production with 90 nm designs and below, the floating gate defect (FGD) diagnosis has become a challenge in the initial yield ramp. Since floating gate can result in state-holding, intermittent and pattern-dependent fault effects, these models are generally more complex. Consequently, logical testing is proven can not guarantee the detection of the defect. In this paper, analogue diagnosis to the defect based on defective current is proposed. The magnitude of abnormal increased of power supply current is mainly subjected to the specific location in the Circuit Under Test (CUT), magnitude of input voltage and its sequence. Current open defect diagnosis methods are either keep repeating the circuit simulation based on try and error technique which is tedious or consider part of the factors only for the defect. Thus, the diagnosis results from current procedures may not be as accurate as possible and fully covered. In the proposed method, the significant difference of defective current and the magnitude of voltage supply in sequence are considered using optimization of genetic algorithms (GAs). Results show that the proposed method can achieve a very high diagnosis accuracy and simulation time.
Prospective study of high grade anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of homosexual men: influence of HIV infection, immunosuppression, and human papillomavirus infection

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of developing high grade anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-AIN) in relation to HIV infection, and immunosuppression, after controlling for the effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. DesignProspective cohort study of 158 HIV-seropositive, and 147 HIV-seronegative homosexual men presenting to a community-based clinic with initially negative anal cytologic, and colposcopic findings. MethodsSubjects completed self-administered questionnaires, underwent cytologic screening, and standardized unaided, and colposcopic examination of the proximal anal canal for presence of abnormalities suggestive of AIM. Anal specimens were screened for HPV DMA. ResultsHG-AIN developed in eight (5.4%), and 24 (15.2%) HIV-seronegative, and -seropositive men, respectively. Risk of HG-AIN among HIV-seronegative men was associated with detection of anal HPV types 16 or 18 by Southern transfer hybridization (STH), detection of HPV 16 or 18 at the lower levels by polymerase chain reaction but not by STH, and with number of positive HPV tests; HG-AIN risk among HIV-seropositive men was associated with detection of HPV 16 or 18 only by STH, detection of HPV types other than 16 or 18, CD4 count ≤ 500 × 106/l, and number of positive HPV tests. HIV-induced immunosuppression remained an independent predictor of HG-AIN after adjusting for type, and level of detection of HPV; HIV infection predicted HG-AIN risk after adjustment for number of positive HPV tests. ConclusionsThe association of HG-AIN with HIV, independent of HPV type, level of HPV detection, and number of positive HPV tests, suggests that this increased risk cannot be entirely explained by an effect of HIV on HPV detection. Future studies focusing on factors more specific to the local microenvironment in the anal canal should help clarify these issues.