Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of large-scale vortical structures in transient convective heat transfer augmentation

Abstract The physical mechanism by which large-scale vortical structures augment convective heat transfer is a fundamental problem of turbulent flows. To investigate this phenomenon, two separate experiments were performed using simultaneous heat transfer and flow field measurements to study the vortex–wall interaction. Individual vortices were identified and studied both as part of a turbulent stagnation flow and as isolated vortex rings impacting on a surface. By examining the temporal evolution of both the flow field and the resulting heat transfer, it was observed that the surface thermal transport was governed by the transient interaction of the vortical structure with the wall. The magnitude of the heat transfer augmentation was dependent on the instantaneous strength, size and position of the vortex relative to the boundary layer. Based on these observations, an analytical model was developed from first principles that predicts the time-resolved surface convection using the transient properties of the vortical structure during its interaction with the wall. The analytical model was then applied, first to the simplified vortex ring model and then to the more complex stagnation region experiments. In both cases, the model was able to accurately predict the time-resolved convection resulting from the vortex interactions with the wall. These results reveal the central role of large-scale turbulent structures in the augmentation of thermal transport and establish a simple model for quantitative predictions of transient heat transfer.
Experimental Testing and Analytical Modeling of Strip Footing in Reinforced Sandy Soil with Multi-Geogrid Layers Under Different Loading Conditions

In this study, large-scale physical models with dimensions of (0.9m * 0.9m * 0.55m) have been designed and constructed to investigate the behavior of strip footing in reinforced sandy soil with multi-geogrid layers under inclined and eccentric loading conditions. The effect of several parameters such as geogrid layers (N), soil relative density (RD), depth of the topmost geogrid layer (U/B), load inclination angle () and load eccentricity ratio (e/B) on the bearing capacity ratio (BCR) of reinforced soil have been investigated through 120 experimental tests. As the number of the geogrid layers increased from 0 to 4, the BCR increased by 255% for 15o load inclination angle and by 470% for 0.05 load eccentricity ratio in 60% RD. When the RD of the soil increased from 60% to 80%, the average decreases in horizontal displacement and footing tilting angle were about 35% and 21% respectively. Hyperbolic analytical model was used to predict the relationships of most of the studied parameters. However, p-q analytical model was suggested to model the relationship between the BCR versus U/B. Both suggested models (hyperbolic and p-q) were in a very good agreement with the experimental results.
Frugivory and Seed Fate in Bursera inversa (Burseraceae) at Tinigua Park, Colombia: Implications for Primate Conservation 1

The large ateline primates are efficient seed dispersers in Neotropical forests and hunting is driving their populations to extinction, but we do not know whether other frugivores could substitute primates in their ecological role as seed dispersers. In this study we test this possibility using a potential keystone species (Bursera inversa) at Tinigua Park, Colombia. This plant species allows us to compare seed removal rates between emergent, isolated trees, without primate visitors and trees with connected crowns. We used traps to estimate fruit production and seed removal rates in six different trees, and fruiting trees were observed during 2 yr to quantify the number of seeds manipulated by different animal species. We carried out seed predation experiments to test if seed removal by predators was affected by distance or density effects. We found that the most productive trees attracted more visiting species and seed removal rates differed among trees, the lowest corresponding to trees without primate access. Seed removal rates from the ground by predators were not higher below parental trees than away from them, but the distribution of saplings in the forest suggests that seed dispersal is advantageous. Although it is likely that the effect of primate extinctions will vary depending on tree species traits, conserving the populations of primate seed dispersers is critical to maintain the ecological processes in this forest.
Phonological Skills in Korean-English Bilingual Children: Phonetic Inventory and Segmental Accuracy

Speech sound disorders of unknown origin (henceforth SSD) are common in childhood [1-3] and characterised by a clinically significant deviation from typical phonological development that is not accounted for by an impairment in sensory, motor or structural functions [4,5]. Because children with SSD do not have an identifiable aetiology, knowledge of typical phonological development is essential in diagnosing SSD. Age of acquisition of speech sounds and segmental accuracy in typical phonological development are among the clinically pertinent information [6-10]. There is a lack of such clinically relevant information for bilingual children. This presents as a significant challenge to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) assessing bilingual children with a suspected SSD [11-14].
A sharp change in the mineralogy of annealed protoplanetary dust at the glass transition temperature

The crystallinity of silicate dust detected in protoplanetary disks contrasts with the dominantly amorphous nature of dust in the interstellar medium. The amorphous-to-crystal transition is therefore a valuable probe to constrain physical properties of disks such as temperature gradients or the extent of radial mixing. However, it requires a comprehensive knowledge of the behaviour of amorphous Mg silicates during thermal processing. In this respect, amorphous analogues of enstatite composition (MgSiO3) were thermally annealed around the glass transition temperature (Tg ∼ 1040 K). We show that enstatite is not produced below Tg. Instead, the annealing leads to a mineralogical assemblage dominated by forsterite (Mg2SiO4). A sharp change is observed at Tg, and pyroxene becomes the dominant mineral species. The annealing conditions marginally change the mineralogical assemblages produced above Tg. A notable exception is the recovery of protoenstatite (the high-temperature polymorph), which appears to be easily quenched in dust analogues. Detection of this phase would then provide an excellent probe for fast thermal events in disks. Our data suggest that below ∼1000 K, the mineralogy of silicate dust of solar composition should naturally be dominated by olivine while above this temperature pyroxenes should dominate. They also show that silica polymorphs recently detected in cold regions of disks are the natural by-products of the formation of forsterite out of enstatite precursor. The low-temperature crystallization pathway reported, combined with the evaporation/condensation process, captures the essential features of the zoned mineralogy of protoplanetary disks.
Treatment Of Insulin Resistance

Sufficient evidence is available to suggest that reducing insulin resistance may be beneficial, independent of a glucose –lowering effect. It is uncertain however, when one should start pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance, and for how long it should be prescribed. It is also difficult to assess insulin sensitivity directly in clinical practice. Most tests for insulin sensitivity are invasive or unstandardized, and clinicians are forced to rely on surrogate end points. In spite of these limitations, however, there is a consensus that insulin resistance should be treated aggressively. This review will focus only on anti diabetic medications in the treatment of insulin resistance. CLASSIFICATION: DRUG TREATMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS 1. NonPharmacological a.
The effect of ethical attributes on brand personality and consumer-brand relationships

This research examines the effect of ethical attributes on brand personality and consumer-brand relationships--two rich marketing concepts, developed by Aaker (1997) and Fournier (1998), that have been investigated surprisingly very little to date. Specifically, it is hypothesized that: (1) ethical attributes can increase the sincerity and competence dimensions of brand personality (Aaker 1997); and (2) these personality dimensions can in turn favor the formation of strong and meaningful consumer-brand relationships such as committed partnerships, best friendships, and compartmentalized friendships (Fournier 1998). An experiment involving pairs of "ethical" and "mainstream" brands (e.g., The Body Shop and L'Oreal) was conducted to test these hypotheses. Results show that although both the sincerity and competence dimensions of brand personality can be increased by ethical attributes, only the competence dimension plays a significant role in shaping strong consumer-brand relationships. The results also suggest that the relationship between the competence dimension of brand personality and consumer-brand relationship strength is mediated by socio-emotional rewards. This research contributes to our understanding of the ability of marketers to manage specific dimensions of brand personality in order to elicit favorable consumer responses. Moreover, it allows marketing researchers and practitioners to better appreciate the phenomenon of ethical consumption, which is of increasing importance to today's firms.
The Influence of Plant Secondary Metabolites on the Nutritional Ecology of Herbivorous Terrestrial Vertebrates

▪ Abstract Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) significantly impact the nutritional ecology of terrestrial vertebrate herbivores. Herbivores have a wide range of mechanisms (herbivore offenses) to mitigate the negative effects of PSMs. We discuss several behavioral and physiological offenses used by terrestrial vertebrates. Several newly recognized herbivore offenses such as regulated absorption and regulation of toxin intake are presented. We give a detailed description of the biotransformation system with respect to PSMs. We also summarize recent findings of plant–animal interactions for lizards, birds, and mammals. Finally, we discuss some new tools that can be applied to long-standing questions of plant–vertebrate interactions.
The inclusion of diatomaceous earth in the diet of grazing ruminants and its effect on gastrointestinal parasite burdens

Two studies were carried out to assess the efficacy of diatomaceous earth as an alternative to anthelmintics in grazing ruminants. Animals treated with anthelmintics and groups of untreated animals were included for comparison. Cattle and sheep which received the diatomaceous earth supplement had low Faecal Egg Counts (FEC) for the duration of the experimental period, similar to animals in the anthelmintic groups. Inclusion of diatomaceous earth in the diet of grazing ruminants may offer some benefits in controlling internal parasites.
Staticly Detect Stack Overflow Vulnerabilities with Taint Analysis

Nowadays binary static analysis uses dangerous system library function to detect stack overflow vulnerary in program and there is no effective way to dig out the function which can cause stack overflow issue. List necessarily characteristics of the function which may cause stack overflow vulnerary and define stack overflow dangerous function(SODF). Then introduce static taint analysis to detect SODF include taint introduction, taint propagation and taint checking stragety. Next describe the particular process of detecting SODF in the program with static taint analysis. Finally choose 4 runtime library and 2 binary software, and detect whether the chosen software has SODF and locate the name of SODF with static taint analysis. Testing result shows that the algorithm can detect and locate plenty of SODF in test program which means the algorithm can work efficiently.
Extrapolating glacier mass balance to the mountain-range scale: the European Alps 1900–2100

This study addresses the extrapolation of in-situ glacier mass balance measurements to the mountain-range scale and aims at deriving time series of area-averaged mass balance and ice volume change for all glaciers in the Euro- pean Alps for the period 1900-2100. Long-term mass bal- ance series for 50 Swiss glaciers based on a combination of field data and modelling, and WGMS data for glaciers in Austria, France and Italy are used. A complete glacier inventory is available for the year 2003. Mass balance ex- trapolation is performed based on (1) arithmetic averaging, (2) glacier hypsometry, and (3) multiple regression. Given a sufficient number of data series, multiple regression with variables describing glacier geometry performs best in re- producing observed spatial mass balance variability. Future mass changes are calculated by driving a combined model for mass balance and glacier geometry with GCM ensem- bles based on four emission scenarios. Mean glacier mass balance in the European Alps is 0.31± 0.04 m w.e. a 1 in 1900-2011, and 1 m w.e. a 1 over the last decade. Total ice volume change since 1900 is 96± 13 km 3 ; annual values vary between 5.9 km 3 (1947) and +3.9 km 3 (1977). Mean mass balances are expected to be around 1.3 m w.e. a 1 by 2050. Model results indicate a glacier area reduction of 4- 18 % relative to 2003 for the end of the 21st century.
Impact of new health care policies on the quality of acute myocardial infarction treatment in Swiss hospitals: A before and after observational study

Objective: Following a revision of the Swiss Federal Health Insurance Act, the regional hospital planning structure was modified and the hospital financing organized at a national level with the use of diagnosis related groups (SwissDRGs). The aim of this observational study was to determine in an independent way the initial impact of these changes on the quality of hospital treatment, with patients hospitalized for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) being the chosen study group. Methods: We used prospective data from a Swiss clinical registry for AMI. The quality was measured based on the adherence to 10 evidence-based performance indicators for AMI treatment, and on the evaluation of in-hospital outcomes (mortality, complications, length of hospital stay [LOS]) globally and for seven pre-defined vulnerable subgroups. The study compared patient-based data before (2011) and after (2012) the implementation of the reform. Results: The study included 33 matched hospitals, and compared the AMI treatment of 2,491 patients in 2011 (before) and 2,544 in 2012 (after the hospital reform). No significant changes in the evidence-based performance indicators were observed, but an on average one day reduction in the LOS and worse outcomes in one of the pre-defined group of patients were found. The issue of how the clinical team achieved these results was not directly explored due to the underlying registry’s unalterable structure. Conclusions: One year after the implementation of a new hospital financing system in Switzerland, the quality of treatment delivered to patients hospitalized for AMI was maintained overall. The worse in-hospital mortality in one pre-defined vulnerable subgroup could reflect the emergence of difficulties for clinical teams to cope with patients demanding extra care and time. Further investigation is warranted.
Development of group method of data handling based on genetic algorithm to predict incipient motion in rigid rectangular storm water channel

Sediment transport is a revalent vital process in fluvial and coastal environments, and incipient motion" is an issue inseparably bound to this topic. This study utilizes a novel hybrid method based on Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to design GMDH structural (GMDH-GA). Also, SingularValue Decomposition (SVD) was utilized to compute the linear coecient vectors. In order to predict the densimetric Froude number (Fr), the ratio of median diameter of particle size to hydraulic radius (d=R) and the ratio of sediment deposit thickness to hydraulic radius (ts=R) are utilized as e ective parameters. Using three diff erent sources of experimental data and GMDH-GA model, a new equation is proposed to predict incipient motion. The performance of development equation is compared using GMDH-GA and traditional equations . The results indicate that the presented equation is more accurate (RMSE = 0:18 and MAPE = 6:48%) than traditional methods. Also, a sensitivity analysis is presented to study the performance of each input combination in predicting incipient motion.
How to not speak the 'F-word': Federalism between mirage and imperative in the euro crisis

The recent financial and debt crisis has resuscitated the debate about European federalism – a theme that seemed not to have survived the painful constitutional adventure that ended with the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009. With the adoption of significant policy and institutional measures for tightening macroeconomic and budgetary coordination (including a constitutionally enshrined debt brake), the reforms of the monetary union have undisputedly brought the European Union further on the path towards an ever closer union. In an era where EU integration has been increasingly politicised, and Euroscepticism has been on the rise and exploited by anti-system parties, national leaders have to face a political hiatus and respond to increased needs for symbolic and discursive legitimation of further federalisation. This is all the more crucial for French and German leaders who have brokered the main decisions during the crisis of the eurozone. Against this background, the purpose of this article is not to assess whether, or to what extent, the recent reforms of economic and monetary union have made the EU more federal. Rather, the purpose is to tackle the following puzzle: How have EU leaders legitimised the deepening of federal integration in a context where support for more European federalism is at its lowest? To elucidate this, a lexicographic discourse analysis is conducted based on all speeches held by the German Chancellor Merkel and the two French Presidents Sarkozy and Hollande, previous to, or after European summits from early 2010 until the spring of 2013. The findings indicate that federalism is both taboo and pervasive in French and German leaders' discourse. The paradox is barely apparent, though. While the ‘F-word’ is rarely spoken aloud, two distinctive visions co-exist in the French and German discourse. The coming of age of a political union through constitutional federalism is pictured as ineluctable, yet as a distant mirage out of reach of today's decision makers. At the same time, the deepening of functional federalism in order to cope with economic interdependence is a ubiquitous imperative that justifies further integration. The persisting gap between the constitutional and the functional vision of European federalism has crucial implications. Insofar as the Union is held responsible for not delivering successful economic policy, political leaders will fail to legitimise both functional and constitutional federalism.
On the Burnside Algebra of a Finite Group

In this article first we shall prove the classical theorem of Burnside which asserts that the canonical Burnside mark homomorphism of the Burnside algebra B(G) of a finite group G into the product Z-algebra of rank #CG is injective, where CG denote the set of conjugacy classes of the subgroups of G. We further prove that for any finite group G the canonical Z-algebra homomorphism ZCZG iae ZCG maps the Burnside algebra B(ZCG G ) of a finite cyclic group ZG of order #G into the Burnside algebra B(G). We deduce quite a few elementary, but important results in finite group theory by using this canonical algebra homomorphism. Finally we describe the prime spectrum SpecB(G) and maximal spectrum SpmB(G) of B(G).
Citric Acid and Microbial Phytase Inclusion in The Diet to Improve Utilization Phytate Phosporus and Growth of Broiler

Penelitian ini menggunakan anak ayam umur 3 sampai dengan 38 hari (180 ekor) dan 7 sampai dengan 42 hari (180 ekor). Ayam diberi ransum A, B, dan C yang berbahan dasar jagung (CSM) dan ransum E, F, dan G yang berbahan dasar gandum (WSM) yang diberi perlakuan penambahan steam pada suhu 100C selama 10 menit. Semua ransum ditambah enzim fitase (SP-1002 ct) sebanyak 500 U/kg dan dibuat dalam bentuk pelet. Khusus ransum C dan G ditambah asam sitrat. Kandungan fosfor total ransum adalah 4,5 g/kg dan fosfor tersedia adalah 1,5 g/kg (defisien P). Bobot badan harian adalah 36, 34, dan 45 g/hari untuk ayam yang diberi ransum A, B, dan C dan 54, 46, dan 55 g/hari untuk ransum E, F, dan G. Deposisi fosfor total adalah 5,75; 5,36; dan 6,99 g berturut-turut untuk ransum A, B dan C dan 8,15; 6,90; dan 7,77 g untuk E, F, dan G. Penambahan asam sitrat dalam ransum CSM yang mengandung enzim fitase rendah mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan deposisi fosfor. Pada ransum WSM, perlakuan panas menyebabkan penurunan aktifitas fitase dan penurunan ini tidak dapat digantikan dengan penambahan enzim fitase (microbial phytase) akan tetapi dapat digantikan dengan penambahan asam sitrat. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa asam sitrat berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi enzim fitase (microbial phytase) dalam mendegradasi senyawa fitat di dalam saluran pencernaan. Kata kunci: gandum, jagung, asam sitrat, enzim fitase, asam fitat
Cognitive Abilities, Democracy and Intellectual Property Rights Protection

The goal of this research is to investigate the link between cognitive abilities, as measured by cognitive abilities index and intellectual property rights protection using cross-national data. The findings suggest that cognitive abilities at a national level are significantly related with IPR protection. As expected intellectual capacity is positively and significantly related to the intellectual property rights and explain nearly 23% of cross national differences. In particular, a one standard deviation increase in the cognitive abilities index is associated with slightly less than a half standard deviation rise in IPR index. However, 65% of the effect of cognitive abilities on IPR protection is mediated by the democratic institutions.
The supertask of an infinite lottery

We mathematically model the supertask, introduced by Hansen, in which an infinity of gods together select a random natural number by each randomly removing a finite number of balls from an urn, leaving one final ball. We show that this supertask is highly underdetermined, i.e. there are many scenarios consistent with the supertask. In particular we show that the notion of uniformity for finitely additive probability measures on the natural numbers emerging from this supertask is unreasonably weak.
Do boards and CEOs matter for bank performance? A comparative analysis of banks in Ghana

In this study, we examine whether Board characteristics have impact on bank performance by comparing listed and non-listed banks. The study uses panel data covering the eight year period, 1997– 2004 from all the 18 Banks in Ghana. Findings of the study confirm earlier studies. While the size of the board has positive correlation with bank performance whether listed or not listed, the more independent a board is the better the performance in spite of a bank’s listing status. Of significance is the finding that when a CEO doubles as a board chairman, it impact positively on performance in the overall sample, but negatively in both sub-samples.