Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of ETV6/AML1 abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: incidence, alternative spliced forms and minimal residual disease value

The t(12;21)(p13;q22) translocation, resulting in the fusion of the ETV6 and AML1 genes, occurs in 20–25% of paediatric B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL). The identification of the fusion product has important prognostic and therapeutic implications as the translocation has been associated with a favourable clinical outcome. The aim of this study was threefold: (i) to assess the frequency and clinical association of the fusion gene in patients with and without a cytogenetically detectable chromosome 12 and/or 21 abnormality or failed cytogenetic results, (ii) to characterize alternative forms of ETV6/AML1 transcripts, and (iii) to use ETV6/AML1 as a molecular marker for the investigation of minimal residual disease (MRD). ETV6/AML1 fusion was detected in 22 (39%) of 56 cases studied by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). ETV6/AML1 fusion was found in nine out of 16 (56%) cases with a cytogenetically visible chromosome 12 abnormality, but also in nine out of 29 patients (31%) without a chromosome 12 abnormality or patients with failed cytogenetics (four out of 11 patients, 36%), making this the most common cytogenetic abnormality in childhood ALL. Alternatively spliced ETV6/AML1 forms were investigated in 14 of the positive patients. Exon 5 of ETV6 was fused in frame to all AML1 exons, except exon 4. Fusion to exon 6 of AML1 resulted in one amino acid change. The presence of ETV6/AML1 was associated with a lower white blood cell count (Student's t‐test; P = 0·009) and common (c)ALL phenotype (χ2 test; P > 0·001), but no better disease‐free survival. Our study shows that (i) RT‐PCR is the most effective approach for the detection of t(12;21) in childhood ALL, (ii) the association of ETV6/AML1 and chromosome 12 and/or 21, seen in 56% of our cases, further confirms existing data, (iii) overall survival of patients with t(12;21) was not better than other cytogenetics groups, and (d) MRD analysis using ETV6/AML1 fusion is specific, but not sensitive enough to avoid false negative results.
Is a management framework based on spawning-stock biomass indicators sustainable? A viability approach

Fisheries management agencies have to drive resources on sustainable paths, i.e. within defined boundaries for an indefinite time. The viable-control approach is proposed as a relevant method to deal with sustainability. We analyse the ICES precautionary approach (PA) by means of the notion of viability domain, and provide a mathematical test for sustainability. It is found that the PA based on spawning-stock biomass (SSB) and fishing mortality (F) indicators is sustainable only when recruits make a significant contribution to SSB. In this case, advice based upon SSB, with an appropriate reference point, is sufficient to ensure sustainability. In all other cases, SSB is not a sufficient metric of stock productivity and must be complemented with other management indicators to ensure sustainability. The approach is illustrated with numerical applications to the northern hake and Bay of Biscay anchovy.
Figures et usages du malentendu

Ce texte propose un expose systematique des differents types de malentendus, des plus banals et benins aux plus retors et pernicieux. L’objectif principal est de comprendre dans quelle mesure le malentendu peut devenir facteur de mesentente. Si l’examen rationnel des sources et des motifs de malentendus s’avere un moyen legitime de contrer leurs effets nefastes dans l’aire de la communication, il convient egalement de ne pas succomber a l’idealisme et d’envisager le caractere incontournable et parfois insoluble du malentendu. Dans cette perspective, notre reflexion remet en question trois postulats de l’ethique de la communication defendue par Jurgen Habermas : la place donnee a la raison speculative et l’efficacite d’un metadiscours explicatif dans l’elucidation des malentendus ou dans la resolution des conflits ; la possibilite d’un dialogue authentique dans certaines situations de conflit ; le consensus comme visee ultime du dialogue. Alors qu’Habermas situe tout echange authentique dans l’orbite d’une pretention a la validite, nous soutenons qu’il existe plus fondamentalement chez les sujets parlants une pretention a la jouissance et que les malentendus les plus coriaces prennent racine dans ce lieu des affects. Nous soutenons par ailleurs qu’il peut exister un usage ethique du malentendu.
Abstract to publication ratio for papers presented at scientific meetings: how does emergency medicine compare?

OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented by Australasian emergency physicians at major emergency medicine meetings and to identify the site of publication of papers. METHOD All free paper abstracts presented (oral and poster) by Australasian emergency physicians and trainees at five Australasian College for Emergency Medicine/Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine and International Conference on Emergency Medicine meetings between 1995 and 1998 were identified retrospectively from conference programmes. In order to determine whether or not the abstract had been published, the PubMed database (http://www4.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/) was searched using the presenter's name and key words from the abstract. In addition, a hand search of the non-abstracted journal Emergency Medicine was conducted. RESULTS Of the 207 free paper abstracts identified, 73 (35%) had been published as full articles. Papers were published in a variety of journals; however, Emergency Medicine accounted for almost half the published papers. The mean time between presentation and publication was 12.6 months (median 11 months). CONCLUSION The abstract to publication rate for papers presented by Australasian emergency physicians and trainees at Australasian College for Emergency Medicine/Australasian Society for Emergency Medicine and International Conference on Emergency Medicine meetings is 35%, which is lower than that reported by some other established specialities, but comparable to rates reported for US-based national and international emergency medicine meetings. Future research should look at barriers to the publication of findings and ways to assist the publication process.
A RAPID QUANTITATIVE IN VITRO SERUM NEUTRALIZATION TEST FOR RABIES ANTIBODY.

Brinkman, D. C. , and Burch, G. R. (1964). Metofane (methoxyflurane) anesthesia in a variety of animal species.Allied Vet. 36, 36-43, and 64. FROM CASE REPORTS of 144 investigators, data were amassed for 4,129 animals anesthetized with methoxyflurane. The procedures employed and results obtained are described in general terms for primates, pigs, rats, mice, birds, and a few individuals of other species. The advantages of this new inhalant anesthetic were low toxicity and marked muscle relaxing properties. No specific contraindication was found in any species. Details of the properties, dosage and administration, side effects and precautions are given, and the drug is recommended for wide usage as a general anesthetic. Reprinted from The Veterinary Bulletin Vol. 34, No. 11, November, 1964. Jenkins, J. I. & Fletcher, F. J. (1964). The eradication of lice from a rat colony by means of a malathion dipping routine.J. Anim. Tech. Ass. 15, 1-5. As attempts to eradicate the rat louse, Polyplax spinulosa, from a lab. colony by periodically dusting with 4% melathion powder had failed, dipping in a bath of 0.125% malathion prepared from Malastan E-C50, a commercial emulsifiable preparation designed specifically for animal use, was undertaken after trials had proved that malathion at this concentration did not lower the cholinesterase activity of the blood and was harmless to rats. Weanlings and breeding stock were completely freed from lice by one wetting in a specially designed dipping box, and since then only breeding stock have been so treated. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 34, No. 12, December, 1964. Anon. (1964). Vaccination against Johne's disease. -Vet. Rec. 76, 423-424. The Ministry of Agriculture has conducted two field trials and experimental work at the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, to investigate the practical value of vaccination against Johne's disease. The main findings are that the use of a single dose of vaccine in calves under one month of age gives significant protection against the development of clinical disease, but losses may be experienced in vaccinated herds if good hygiene is not practised. After vaccination skin sensitivity to tuberculin is shown. It has been decided that as from May 1st 1964 Johne's disease vaccine may be used for calves in herds in which the disease is a problem and in which there is a satisfactory tuberculin testing history. The conditions under which the vaccine may be used are given. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 34, No. 12, December, 1964.
Splenic abscesses. Report of seven cases

Mean erythrocyte sedimentationrate and C reactive protein values were 75 mm/h and 13.5 mg/dl. Diagnosis was made withultrasound in two patients and CT scan in five. Six patients had an unique abscess and onepatient had multiple lesions. A splenectomy was done in three patients as the first choicetreatment and in one, due to medical treatment failure. In two patients, a CT guidedpercutaneous drainage was performed and one patient was subjected to medical treatmentonly. Abscess cultures were positive in 50% of patients subjected to percutaneous drainage andin 50% of splenectomized patients. No patient died and no complications were observed in theearly or late postoperative period.
Quantification of Hepatic Steatosis With Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Comparison With Tissue Reference Standards and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the ob/ob Mouse

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for fat quantification using tissue triglyceride concentration and histology as references in an animal model of hepatic steatosis. Materials and MethodsThis animal study was approved by our institution’s Research Animal Resource Center. After validation of DECT and MRI using a phantom consisting of different triglyceride concentrations, a leptin-deficient obese mouse model (ob/ob) was used for this study. Twenty mice were divided into 3 groups based on expected levels of hepatic steatosis: low (n = 6), medium (n = 7), and high (n = 7) fat. After MRI at 3 T, a DECT scan was immediately performed. The caudate lobe of the liver was harvested and analyzed for triglyceride concentration using a colorimetric assay. The left lateral lobe was also extracted for histology. Magnetic resonance imaging fat-fraction (FF) and DECT measurements (attenuation, fat density, and effective atomic number) were compared with triglycerides and histology. ResultsPhantom results demonstrated excellent correlation between triglyceride content and each of the MRI and DECT measurements (r2 ≥ 0.96, P ⩽ 0.003). In vivo, however, excellent triglyceride correlation was observed only with attenuation (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001) and MRI-FF (r2 = 0.92, P < 0.001). Strong correlation existed between attenuation and MRI-FF (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001). Nonlinear correlation with histology was also excellent for attenuation and MRI-FF. ConclusionsDual-energy computed tomography (CT) data generated by the current Gemstone Spectral Imaging analysis tool do not improve the accuracy of fat quantification in the liver beyond what CT attenuation can already provide. Furthermore, MRI may provide an excellent reference standard for liver fat quantification when validating new CT or DECT methods in human subjects.
The research on the effect of post-exercise hot and cold water applications on recovery process

Aim; The aim of the study is to research the effect of the hot and cold water applications done after the fatigue that occurs in athletes during the aerobic and anaerobic exercises on the recovery process. Materials and Methods; 25 active athletes voluntarily attended the study. The subjects with 170-180 pulse/min pulse pedalled for 9 minutes in which intensity was increased at 3-minute intervals on 170 Ergometric Bicycle in the exercise applied. The blood lactate measurements of the athletes were determined by the Lactate Scout device applied before and after exercise. The hot and cold applications of the subjects; the 1st test was applied by staying in the cold pool (10°C -15 °C) passively for 10 minutes soon after the exercise. The 2nd test was applied 1 week later by giving hot water application (37°C -40 °C) to the athletes for 10 minutes after the same exercise was done. Oneway Anova at the level of α=0.05 test was applied in the analysis of data and Tukey test was done between the groups. Results; The age (year) of the athletes: 22,1 ±2,35, height (cm): 182,00 ± 10,00i body weight (kg): 80,76 ± 11,39. The heart rate of the athletes (HR) were determined; at rested position: 59,70±2,65 pulse/min., post-exercise: 174,40±6,60 pulse/min., post-warm pool: 91,56 ±5,19 pulse/min., post-cold pool: 90,36±6,55 pulse/min. The Blood Lactate (LA) measurements of the athletes were determined; at rested position: 2,72±0,49 mmol, post-exercise: 5,21±075 mmol, post-warm pool: 4,63 ±0,81 mmol, post-cold pool: 4,61± 0,73 mmol. The blood LA measurements of the athletes were determined by drawing blood from the finger tips. Discussion and Result; The results of the test showed that there was a significant difference between the heart rate (F=5127, 85) and blood lactate (F=160,74) of the subjects at rested position, post-exercise, post-warm pool and post-cold pool applications. However, it was seen in the TUKEY test that there was not any difference in the heart rate and blood lactate values of the subjects after the warm pool and cold pool applications.
Distinct Spatio‐Temporal Extracellular Matrix Accumulation within Demyelinated Spinal Cord Lesions in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis

The accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and glial scar formation are considered important factors for the failure of regeneration in central nervous system (CNS) injury and multiple sclerosis. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME) as a model of multiple sclerosis served to evaluate the spatio‐temporal course of ECM alterations in demyelinating conditions. Microarray analysis revealed only mildly upregulated gene expression of ECM molecules, their biosynthesis pathways and pro‐fibrotic factors, while upregulation of matrix remodeling enzymes was more prominent. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated progressive accumulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, glycoproteins and collagens within demyelinated TME lesions, paralleling the development of astrogliosis. Deposition of collagen IV, laminin, perlecan and tenascin‐C started 28 days postinfection (dpi), collagen I, decorin, entactin and neurocan accumulated from 56 dpi on, and fibronectin from 98 dpi on. The basement membrane (BM) molecules collagen IV, entactin, fibronectin, laminin and perlecan showed perivascular and parenchymal deposition, while the non‐BM components collagen I, decorin, neurocan and tenascin‐C only accumulated in a nonvascular pattern in demyelinated areas. Contrary, phosphacan expression progressively decreased during TME. The immunoreactivity of aggrecan and brevican remained unchanged. The spatio‐temporal association of matrix accumulation with astrogliosis suggests a mainly astrocytic origin of ECM deposits, which in turn may contribute to remyelination failure in TME.
Morphometric analysis of pars plana development in humans.

BACKGROUND Quantitative features of pars plana development in humans are not well characterized. Knowledge of the dimensions of this region is important for our understanding of the anatomy of infant eyes for the purposes of surgery. The purpose of this study was to provide a morphometric description of pars plana growth in relation to 1) postconceptional age and 2) axial length. METHODS We reviewed histologic specimens from 204 human eyes of postconceptional ages ranging from 10 weeks to 5 years. Axial length and temporal pars plana width were measured directly with a reticule system. The relationships among pars plana width, axial length, and postconceptional age were examined. RESULTS The most rapid phase of pars plana growth occurred between 26 weeks and 35 weeks gestation. A linear relationship between pars plana width and axial length existed once the axial length reached 12 mm (correlation coefficient = 0.918; P = 0.0001). In infants of 38-42 weeks postconceptional age, mean pars plana width was 1.87 mm (range, 0.9-2.8 mm; standard direction = 0.48 mm), and mean axial length was 17.7 mm (range, 15-23 mm; standard direction = 1.9 mm). After the age of 62 weeks postconception, all eyes had a temporal pars plana width > or = 3 mm and an axial length > or = 19 mm. The estimated age at which there was a 95% chance of the pars plana width being > or = 3 mm was 64.4 weeks (95% fiducial confidence limits, 60.8-86.2 weeks). CONCLUSIONS The pars plana first develops during the second trimester of gestation. A rapid growth phase occurs between 26 weeks and 35 weeks postconception. The dimensions of the pars plana are correlated closely with axial length and postconceptional age. Assuming that a pars plana width of 3 mm is required for surgery to be performed via a pars plana approach, we estimate that pars plana vitreous surgery can be performed when the patient is at least 62 weeks old (postconception), which is a 6-month-old full-term infant.
ROBUST OBJECT TRACKINGWITH RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION NETWORKS

Visual tracking has been a challenging problem in computer vision over the decades. The applications of visual tracking are far-reaching, ranging from surveillance and monitoring to smart rooms. In this paper we present a novel object tracker based on fast learning Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks. Here, the object and background pixel-based color features are used to develop object/non-object RBF classi ers. The posterior probability information of these classiers are used for developing an ef cient object model for tracking in the subsequent frames. The performance of the proposed tracker is tested with many video sequences of real-life complexity and compared against the color-based mean-shift tracker. The proposed tracker is illustrated to be suitable for real-time robust object tracking due to its low computational complexity.
On last observation carried forward and asynchronous longitudinal regression analysis

In many longitudinal studies, the covariates and response are often intermittently observed at irregular, mismatched and subject-specific times. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) is one of the most commonly used methods to deal with such data when covariates and response are observed asynchronously. However, this can lead to considerable bias. In this paper, we propose a weighted LOCF estimation using asynchronous longitudinal data for the generalized linear model. We further generalize this approach to utilize previously observed covariates in addition to the most recent observation. In comparison to earlier methods, the current methods are valid under weaker assumptions on the covariate process and allow informative observation times which may depend on response even conditional on covariates. Extensive simulation studies provide numerical support for the theoretical findings. Data from an HIV study is used to illustrate our methodology. MSC 2010 subject classifications: Primary 60G20; secondary 60G05.
Designing globally-asynchronous-locally-system from multi-rate Simulink model

Model-based design (MBD) tools such as HDL Coder from MathWorks are becoming increasingly popular among system designers aiming for fast-prototyping and design reuse. This paper discusses the performance issues related to the synchronous designs generated by HDL Coder for multi-rate systems, and proposes an alternative GALS-based design flow that can achieve high performance efficiency and high design modularity at the same time. Implementation results based on real-time radar signal processing algorithm demonstrate the performance advantage of the proposed GALS design style, which can also be traded for area when the performance requirements can be easily met.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Adolescent Health: Contributing Factors

Using the first wave of the Add Health (the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health) 1 public use data, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent self-rated health and mental health status. This research is guided by a theoretical framework first discussed by House 2 and later expanded by Williams. 3 According to this perspective, individual behaviors and values are shaped by social structures, such that SES has a direct impact on health outcomes, in addition to indirect and interactive effects through both psychosocial factors and medical care. Most investigations of the relationship between SES and health focus on the very young or adult samples. Certainly, some of the behavior patterns established during adolescence—health-threatening behavior and inappropriate use of health care— may not manifest themselves as poor physical health outcomes until much later in life. However, we expect that behavior patterns and experiences during childhood and adolescence will have immediate impacts on mental health. It is precisely because the health-related behaviors, personal experiences, and access to health care during this period have both shortand long-term implications for health status that they should command more attention from the research community. Using regression analyses, we first examine the direct impact of parental socioeconomic status and its components (education and income) on adolescent health (controlling age, gender, birth weight, family size, and parental marital status). We then study the indirect and moderating effects of psychosocial factors (e.g., selfesteem, social stressors, health-related behaviors such as smoking and drinking, and social ties with parents, peers, and in school) on the relationship between SES and health outcomes. Finally, we examine the indirect and moderating influence of access to medical care (e.g., parent’s and adolescent’s reports of access to medical care) on adolescent health. As presented in T ABLE 1, adolescents from advantaged families report less depressive affect. The association between SES and adolescent depressed mood remains significant even when the impact of psychosocial factors (e.g., self-esteem, social stressors, health-related behaviors such as smoking and drinking, and social ties with parents, peers, and in school) and access to medical care are taken into account. Adolescents with high self-esteem are less likely to report depressive affect. Those who have had a friend or family member attempt or commit suicide, or who have themselves witnessed or experienced violence in the previous year indicate
A Max-Consensus Cyclic Pursuit Based Guidance Law for Simultaneous Target Interception

In this paper, we consider the problem of simultaneous interception of a stationary target by a team of pursuers. The pursuers are assumed to be heterogeneous in terms of their linear speeds and are modelled with unicycle kinematics. The proposed guidance law implements a cyclic pursuit framework where every pursuer communicates only with its neighbour in a cyclic fashion. Target interception occurs simultaneously at minimum time by achieving max-consensus in the impact times of the pursuers. In order to drive the system towards the desired behaviour, a PI controller is designed which works even in the presence of heading errors. Various scenarios are illustrated in the paper through numerical simulations to validate the theoretical results.