Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of β-Lactamases in Community-Acquired Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Introduction The trends of β-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae is ever increasing, and limited studies have reported investigating coexistence of β lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae. A cross-sectional study after approval from the Institutional Ethical committee was conducted between June 2014 and May 2016 in community-acquired infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in our tertiary care. Nonrepetitive clinical samples from the out-patient department (OPD) were processed for bacteriological culture and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. An antibiotic susceptibility test, screening, and phenotypic confirmation for ESBLs and carbapenemases and AmpC producers were performed to check for coexistence of these enzymes. Results Nonrepetitive clinical specimens processed for culture and identification in our hospital revealed 417 positive isolates in community acquired infections which were multidrug-resistant organisms, and on screening for β-lactamases, 293 isolates were positive for one of the three beta lactamases, ESBL, AmpC, or carbapnemases. Coproduction of ESBL and MBL was seen in 5 isolates, 35 isolates showed coproduction of ESBL and AmpC enzymes, and AmpC and MBL coproduction was exhibited in only in 5 isolates. Conclusions Coexistence of ESBLs, AmpC producers, and carbapenemases has been described. Continuous monitoring and surveillance and proper infection control and prevention practices will limit the further spread of these superbugs within the hospital and beyond.
Risky Alcohol Consumption and Heavy Episodic Drinking among Parents in Germany: Results of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Risky alcohol consumption (RAC) and heavy episodic drinking (HED) by parents can have negative effects on their children. At present, little is known about these forms of alcohol consumption among parents in Germany. The aim of this analysis is to estimate the percentage of parents living in Germany who practise RAC and HED and to study associations between these consumption patterns and sociodemographic factors. Material and Methods The data basis comprises the data of the nationwide studies “Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell” (GEDA) of 2009, 2010, and 2012. The data were collected by means of computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). Our analysis included all participants living in a household with at least one child of their own under 18 years of age (n = 16,224). Information on RAC and HED was collected using the AUDIT-C screening instrument. Logistic regression models were used to study the relationship between parental alcohol consumption and sociodemographic variables. Results 18.4% of the mothers and 29.6% of the fathers exhibited RAC; 8.4% of the mothers and 21.0% of the fathers practised HED. After mutual adjustment, RAC showed a significant association with the level of education, income (only mothers), employment status (only mothers), migration background, relationship status (only mothers), and the age of the youngest child. HED showed a significant association with income (only mothers), the age of the youngest child (only mothers), and the level of education (only fathers). Conclusions The presented analysis emphasizes the relevance of preventive measures to reduce parental alcohol consumption. In addition to universal interventions, risk group-specific measures (e.g., for parents with high income) are needed to reduce parental alcohol consumption and thus support a healthy development of children.
Vertebral Compression Fractures Treated in Acute by Instrumented Kyphoplasty: Early and Mid-Term Clinical and Radiological Results

The treatment of traumatic low-degree vertebral compression fracture remains in a wide range between functional treatment, bracing, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and even surgical fixation. The objective was to assess the innovation of instrumented kyphoplasty and to report the early and mid-term functional and radiological results. This study is a retrospective review of patients enrolled from 2012 to 2017. 104 consecutive endovertebral implantations of instrumented kyphoplasty were reviewed for the study. There were 56 women and 48 men. 93 of 104 patients were evaluated, of whom 27 were evaluated only by retrospective medical record review and 66 with follow-up visit. Clinical parameters were the pain rating scale (VAS) and the Oswestry score questionnaire. The radiological parameters were the vertebral kyphosis, vertebral height, lumbar lordosis, and adjacent disc degeneration (UCLA scale). Statistical correlations between before/after surgery/last follow-up were performed. The average follow-up was 26.7 months (3 to 55). The average VAS decreased from 8.2 to 3.2 the day after surgery, allowing immediate standup. The average Oswestry score was 14.6 at follow-up. The average vertebral kyphosis decreased from 12.9° to 6.5° post-op and stabilized at 8.0° at the last follow-up, corresponding to 28% gain on vertebral height. The lumbar lordosis was restored (+6.6°). Adjacent disc degeneration increased by 1 UCLA grade in 17 patients (16.3%) at follow-up. The instrumented kyphoplasty in acute led to immediate and lasting pain relief, with no bracing or bed rest, short stay in hospital, and quick return to daily life including professional activities. The good clinical results were associated to a stable radiological restoration of the vertebral anatomy.
The CTLH Complex in Cancer Cell Plasticity

Cancer cell plasticity is the ability of cancer cells to intermittently morph into different fittest phenotypic states. Due to the intrinsic capacity to change their composition and interactions, protein macromolecular complexes are the ideal instruments for transient transformation. This review focuses on a poorly studied mammalian macromolecular complex called the CTLH (carboxy-terminal to LisH) complex. Currently, this macrostructure includes 11 known members (ARMC8, GID4, GID8, MAEA, MKLN1, RMND5A, RMND5B, RANBP9, RANBP10, WDR26, and YPEL5) and it has been shown to have E3-ligase enzymatic activity. CTLH proteins have been linked to all fundamental biological processes including proliferation, survival, programmed cell death, cell adhesion, and migration. At molecular level, the complex seems to interact and intertwine with key signaling pathways such as the PI3-kinase, WNT, TGFβ, and NFκB, which are key to cancer cell plasticity. As a whole, the CTLH complex is overexpressed in the most prevalent types of cancer and may hold the key to unlock many of the biological secrets that allow cancer cells to thrive in harsh conditions and resist antineoplastic therapy.
Gender Differences and Risk Factors of Recurrent Stroke in Type 2 Diabetic Malaysian Population with History of Stroke: The Observation from Malaysian National Neurology Registry

Background and Purpose Diabetes mellitus has been reported as a strong independent risk factor for stroke recurrence. Data on the modifiable factors contributing to the recurrence of stroke in type 2 diabetic Malaysian population with a history of stroke stratified by genders are lacking, and this supports the importance of this study. Method The data of 4622 patients with T2DM who had a history of stroke was obtained from the Malaysian National Stroke Registry. Univariate analysis was performed to differentiate between genders with and without stroke recurrence in terms of demographics, first stroke attack presentations, and other clinical characteristics. The significant factors determined from the univariate analysis were further investigated using logistic regression. Results Ischemic heart diseases were found significantly associated with the stroke recurrence in males (OR = 1.738; 95% CI: 1.071-2.818) as well as female (OR = 5.859; 95% CI: 2.469-13.752) diabetic patients. The duration of hypertension, as well as the duration of diabetes, has been associated with the recurrence in both male and female subjects (p value < 0.05). Smoking status has an impact on the stroke recurrence in male subjects, while no significant association was observed among their peers. Conclusions Most of the predictive factors contributing to the recurrence of stroke in type 2 diabetic Malaysian population with a history of stroke are modifiable, in which IHD was the most prominent risk factor in both genders. The impact of optimizing the management of IHD as well as blood glucose control on stroke recurrence may need to be elucidated. No major differences in recurrent stroke predictors were seen between genders among the Malaysian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had a previous history of stroke.
Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Changes in Broiler Chicken Splenocytes Exposed to T-2 Toxin

T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi which are known to contaminate cereals, especially in wheat and corn. T-2 toxin is known to cause a range of toxic effects in humans and animals, including immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Although the effects of T-2 toxin on condition of chickens' spleens have been reported, there has been no systematic study of damage to the spleen of broiler chickens exposed to T-2 toxin. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of T-2 toxin on pathology, rates of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and T-lymphocyte subsets in the spleen of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of four groups (30 birds per group), fed 0 mg/kg (control), 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively. After 21 days, chickens exposed to T-2 toxin demonstrated decreased relative weight and size of the spleen, increased percentage of apoptotic splenocytes, and evident lesions. Concentrations of reactive oxygen species and MDA content increased in splenocytes during T-2 toxin treatments, whereas activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX decreased. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells also decreased as the dose of T-2 toxin increased. Overall, these results suggest that T-2 toxin causes oxidative stress, leading to increased rates of splenocyte apoptosis and might impair the splenic immune function of broiler chickens.
Prevalance of Celiac Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Turkish Population

Background Celiac disease (CD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involve inflammation of the gastrointestinal lumen, which environmental, genetic, and immunological factors have a role in their pathogenesis. The prevalence of celiac disease in IBD ranges from 0% to 14%. In this study, our aim was to determine the prevalence of CD in IBD patients followed by us who are attending the hospital or outpatient clinic over a period of time of seven years. Methods Seven hundred and fifty nine patients (425 M, 334 F, mean age: 46.75, 396 ulcerative colitis (UC), 363 Crohn's disease (CrD)) diagnosed and followed up for IBD between January 2009 and July 2016 were evaluated retrospectively, and clinical, demographic, laboratory, and endoscopic data were collected. Results CD was investigated in 79 (%10.4) inflammatory bowel disease patients according to symptoms, and in 5.06% (n = 4) of them, we diagnosed CD. The most common indication for investigating for CD was iron deficiency anemia unreponsive to iron supplementation. Conclusions We did not find an increased prevalance of celiac disease in Turkish IBD patients in this study. In the presence of refractory iron deficiency anemia without any other cause in IBD patients, investigations for celiac disease should be considered.
Expression of USP18 and IL2RA Is Increased in Individuals Receiving Latent Tuberculosis Treatment with Isoniazid

Background The treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in individuals at risk of reactivation is essential for tuberculosis control. However, blood biomarkers associated with LTBI treatment have not been identified. Methods Blood samples from tuberculin skin test (TST) reactive individuals were collected before and after one and six months of isoniazid (INH) therapy. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated, and an in-house interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) was performed. Expression of chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), chemokine ligand 11 (CXCL11), interferon alpha (IFNA), radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2 (RSAD2), ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18), interferon-induced protein 44 (IFI44), interferon-induced protein 44 like (IFI44L), interferon-induced protein tetratricopeptide repeats 1(IFIT1), and interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha (IL2RA) mRNA levels were assessed by qPCR before, during, and after INH treatment. Results We observed significantly lower relative abundances of USP18, IFI44L, IFNA, and IL2RA transcripts in PBMC from IGRA-positive individuals compared to levels in IGRA-negative individuals before INH therapy. Also, relative abundance of CXCL11 was significantly lower in IGRA-positive than in IGRA-negative individuals before and after one month of INH therapy. However, the relative abundance of CCL4, CXCL10, and CXCL11 mRNA was significantly decreased and that of IL2RA and USP18 significantly increased after INH therapy, regardless of the IGRA result. Our results show that USP18, IFI44L, IFIT1, and IL2RA relative abundances increased significantly, meanwhile the relative abundance of CCL4, CXCL11, and IFNA decreased significantly after six months of INH therapy in TST-positive individuals. Conclusions Changes in the profiles of USP18, IL2RA, IFNA, CCL4, and CXCL11 expressions during INH treatment in TST-positive individuals, regardless of IGRA status, are potential tools for monitoring latent tuberculosis treatment.
A Novel Control Method for Rotary Blood Pumps as Left Ventricular Assist Device Utilizing Aortic Valve State Detection

A novel control method for rotary blood pumps is proposed relying on two different objectives: regulation of pump flow in accordance with desired value and the maintenance of partial support with an open aortic valve by the variation of pump speed. The estimation of pump flow and detection of aortic valve state was performed with mathematical models describing the first- and second generation of Sputnik rotary blood pumps. The control method was validated using a cardiovascular system model. The state of the aortic valve was detected with a mean accuracy of 91% for Sputnik 1 and 96.2% for Sputnik 2 when contractility, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance was changed. In silico results for both pumps showed that the proposed control method can achieve the desired pump flow level and maintain the open state of the aortic valve by periodically switching between two objectives under contractility, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance changes. The proposed method showed its potential for safe operation without adverse events and for the improvement of chances for myocardial recovery.
Preface

The title of this book ‘One-Dimensional Finite Elements: An Introduction to the FE Method’ stands for content and focus. Nowadays, much literature regarding the topic of the finite element method exists. The different works reflect the multifaceted perceptions and application possibilities. The basic idea of this introduction into the finite element method relies on the concept of explaining the complex method with the help of one-dimensional elements. It is the goal to introduce the manifold aspects of the finite element method and to enable the reader to get a methodical understanding of important subject areas. The reader learns to understand the assumptions and derivations at different physical problems in structural mechanics. Furthermore, he/she learns to critically evaluate possibilities and limitations of the finite element method. Additional comprehensive mathematical descriptions, which solely result from advanced illustrations for twoor three-dimensional problems, are omitted. Hence, the mathematical description largely remains simple and clear. The focus on one-dimensional elements, however, is not just a pure limitation on a simpler and clearer formal illustration of the necessary equations. Within structural engineering, there are various structures— for example bridges or high transmission towers—which are usually modeled via one-dimensional elements. Therefore, this work also contains a ‘set of tools’, which can also be applied in practice. The concentration on one-dimensional elements is new for a textbook and allows the treatment of various basic and demanding physical questions of structural mechanics within one single textbook. This new concept, therefore, allows a methodical understanding of important subject areas (for example plasticity or composite materials), which occur to a prospective engineer during professional work, which however are seldom treated in this way at universities. Consequently, simple access is possible, also in supplementary areas of application of the finite element method. This book originates from a collection of lecture notes which were developed as written material for lectures and training documents for specialized courses on the finite element method. Especially, the calculated examples and the supplementary
ICAM5 as a Novel Target for Treating Cognitive Impairment in Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability, resulted from the silencing of the Fmr1 gene and the subsequent loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Spine dysgenesis and cognitive impairment have been extensively characterized in FXS; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability, resulted from the silencing of the Fmr1 gene and the subsequent loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Spine dysgenesis and cognitive impairment have been extensively characterized in FXS; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. As an important regulator of spine maturation, intercellular adhesion molecule 5 (ICAM5) mRNA may be one of the targets of FMRP and involved in cognitive impairment in FXS. Here we show that in Fmr1 KO male mice, ICAM5 was excessively expressed during the late developmental stage, and its expression was negatively correlated with the expression of FMRP and positively related with the morphological abnormalities of dendritic spines. While in vitro reduction of ICAM5 normalized dendritic spine abnormalities in Fmr1 KO neurons, and in vivo knockdown of ICAM5 in the dentate gyrus rescued the impaired spatial and fear memory and anxiety-like behaviors in Fmr1 KO mice, through both granule cell and mossy cell with a relative rate of 1.32 ± 0.15. Furthermore, biochemical analyses showed direct binding of FMRP with ICAM5 mRNA, to the coding sequence of ICAM5 mRNA. Together, our study suggests that ICAM5 is one of the targets of FMRP and is implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of FXS. ICAM5 could be a therapeutic target for treating cognitive impairment in FXS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is characterized by dendritic spine dysgenesis and cognitive dysfunctions, while one of the FMRP latent targets, ICAM5, is well established for contributing both spine maturation and learning performance. In this study, we examined the potential link between ICAM5 mRNA and FMRP in FXS, and further investigated the molecular details and pathological consequences of ICAM5 overexpression. Our results indicate a critical role of ICAM5 in spine maturation and cognitive impairment in FXS and suggest that ICAM5 is a potential molecular target for the development of medication against FXS.
Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for internet gaming disorder.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is considered to be an effective treatment for internet gaming disorder (IGD). This study examined the effectiveness of CBT in treating impulsivity, anxiety, avoidance, and family and environmental problems in patients. A total of 101 patients completed the CBT program and 104 completed supportive therapy. The CBT program consisted of 14 90-minute sessions with one therapist and four to five patients, once or twice a week. The supportive therapy group visited a psychiatric outpatient department once or twice a week until they completed 14 visits. Outcomes were measured in terms of improvement in IGD, psychological symptoms, and social interaction. The CBT group (improvement: 67 (66.3%) vs. non-improvement: 34 (33.7%)) showed more improvement in IGD compared with the supportive therapy group. The CBT group also showed a greater decrease in internet addiction, anxiety, impulsivity, and social avoidance. In the CBT group, among patients who improved, the greatest improvements were in internet addiction, attention, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, social avoidance, and family cohesion. Our CBT program may be more effective than supportive therapy with regard to improvement in IGD symptoms by controlling anxiety, impulsivity, and social avoidance. In addition, CBT-related improvements in patients with IGD could be enhanced by controlling anxiety, social avoidance, and family cohesion.
Implication of Location of the Ascending Mental Artery at the Chin Injection Point.

BACKGROUND Facial proportions can be improved by means of chin augmentation in patients with a receding chin. The ascending mental artery is the main arterial supply to the top of the chin, and arterial occlusion of this artery can result in soft-tissue infarction. This study aims to measure the topographic anatomy of the ascending mental artery at the chin injection area, using a three-dimensional camera. METHODS Thirty-one embalmed cadaveric faces were dissected at the chin. The midline of the inferior margin of the mandibular protuberance was marked with a pin. A variation in size between the two opposite ascending mental arteries was noticed. The depth of the artery from the skin surface and distance from the midline were measured using a three-dimensional camera. RESULTS There were 19 dominant ascending mental arteries on the right and 12 on the left. The dominant ascending mental arteries enter the chin paracentrally, approximately 6 mm (mean ± SD, 5.64 ± 4.34 mm) from the midline, within the muscular plane, and at a depth of 4.15 ± 1.95 mm from the skin. Furthermore, the artery formed an anastomosis with the sublingual artery, within the floor of the mouth. CONCLUSION Every aesthetic physician should recognize the course of the ascending mental artery and use the appropriate techniques to avoid vascular injury during chin augmentation using filler injections.