Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic environmental model based on ultrasonic sensor networks

A probabilistic grid method algorithm based on wireless sensor network is proposed in order to solve indoor global environmental modeling problem. At first, deploying WSN nodes on the ceiling evenly and processing the discrete data returned by WSN to form a probabilistic grid model within the detection range. In this way, we describe the probability existing obstacles of each grid. When the grids are in overlap detection region, the method of joint probability is used to calculate the probability of obstacles. Finally, a four-dimensional map is built up, that is, three dimensions determine the grid location and the fourth dimension describes the probability of existing obstacles. Simulation result shows that the proposed method can clearly express the obstacles' existing probability for each grid in indoor environment. c 2012 Binary Information Press.
Azacitidine Related Pyoderma Gangrenosum

Tamim Alsuliman1,2, Karima Debbache1, Maelle Terrom1, Elisabeth Maillot2, Kaiss Lassoued1 and Bachra Choufi1* 1Department of Hematology, Boulogne-sur-Mer Hospital Center, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France 2Department of Hematology, Center Hospitalier Régionale Universitaire, Lille, France 3Cabinet of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, Saint Omer Cedex *Corresponding author: Bachra Choufi, Department of Hematology, Boulogne-sur-Mer Hospital Center, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Tel: 861033520; E-mail: b.choufi@gmail.com
How to Measure the Consistency of the Tagging of Scientific Papers?

A collection of scientific papers is usually accompanied by tags (keywords, topics, concepts etc.), associated with each paper. Sometimes these tags are human-generated, sometimes they are machine-generated. The evaluation of the tagging quality is an important problem. We propose a simple metrics of tagging consistency for scientific papers: whether these tags are predictive of citations. Since the authors tend to cite papers about the topics close to those of their publications, a consistent tagging should be able to predict citations. We present an algorithm to calculate consistency, and show experiments with human-and machine-generated tags. We show that the addition of machine-generated tags to the manual ones can enhance tagging consistency. We further introduce cross-consistency metrics, the ability to predict citation links between papers tagged by different taggers, e.g. humans and computers. Cross-consistency metrics can be used to evaluate tagging quality of a tagger when the amount of labeled data by the known good tagger is limited.
The contribution of rural institutions to rural development: Study of smallholder farmer groups and NGOs in Uganda

In this article, the results of the quantitative data analysis are presented. Through a case study, the contribution of NGOs and smallholder farmer groups as sample rural institutions is examined in addressing four main objectives of improving health, education, agriculture as well as improving industry. The study involved 87 respondents from 40 organizations (19 NGOs and 21 Smallholder farmer groups) from central region of Uganda. Questionnaires, focus group discussions, interview guide, key informants and literature review were used to collect data. The study results led to the consideration of rural development as a critical result of improvements in health, education, agriculture and rural industry in rural areas of Uganda. First, improving health by investing in increased awareness/ access to information sharing among communities, and policy development, program planning and service delivery fosters rural development, yet subsidizing health insurance and finance health services would affect rural development negatively. Secondly, improving education through appropriate geographical scope of the organization includes promoting information and technology dissemination for learning and access to various information; coordination of major sources of funding for education; policy on education for rural areas; conducting research and development and the total number of employees; thirdly, improving agriculture by investing in geographical scope of the organization includes offering basic and advanced training; promoting access to land and other factors of production on agriculture; mobilizing resources both financial and human resources; promoting access to agriculture information; conducting research and extension services; finally, improving Industry through investing in geographical scope of the organization includes supporting infrastructure development including financial facilities; supporting rural advocate for agro-based industry policies for industry promotion; conducting research and development programs; and considering the total employees. Key words: Rural development, rural institutions, non-governmental organizations, NGOs, smallholder farmer groups.
Measuring Market Integration in the Presence of Threshold Effect: The Case of Bangladesh Rice Markets

Spatial price integration among five major Bangladesh rice markets is examined in the presence of threshold effects to account for the impact of transaction costs in the price adjustment process. Hansen and Seo (2002) threshold cointegration tests and threshold vector error correction models confirm the presence of threshold effects. Results highlight the importance of directing policy goals towards reducing transaction cost to engender greater pricing efficiency in Bangladesh rice markets.
Spatial patterns of the urban heat island in Zaragoza (Spain)

Spatial patterns of the urban heat island (UHI) in Zaragoza (Spain) were determined by Principal Component Analysis (VARIMAX rotation) of air temperature in the city, and mapped using GIS. The 3 components extracted accounted for 92.9% of the total variance. Principal component (PC) 1 accounted for the most general patterns of UHI, PC2 showed a shift of warm areas to the SE and PC3 a shift to the NW. A rotated component matrix was used to identify correlations between each component and daily maps. The spatial patterns indicated by PC2 and PC3 were determined by surface wind direction. The displacement of warm areas to the SE (PC2) was greater during NW winds while the shift to the NW (PC3) was produced mainly by SE winds.
Generalized Optical Signal Processing Based on Multioperator Metasurfaces Synthesized by Susceptibility Tensors

This paper theoretically proposes a multichannel functional metasurface computer characterized by Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions (GSTCs) and surface susceptibility tensors. The study explores a polarization- and angle-multiplexed metasurfaces enabling multiple and independent parallel analog spatial computations when illuminated by differently polarized incident beams from different directions. The proposed synthesis overcomes substantial restrictions imposed by previous designs such as large architectures arising from the need of additional subblocks, slow responses, and most importantly, supporting only the even reflection symmetry operations for normal incidences, working for a certain incident angle or polarization, and executing only single mathematical operation. The versatility of the design is demonstrated in a way that an ultra-compact, integrable and planar metasurface-assisted platform can execute a variety of optical signal processing operations such as spatial differentiation and integration. It is demonstrated that a metasurface featuring non-reciprocal property can be thought of as a new paradigm to break the even symmetry of reflection and perform both even- and odd-symmetry mathematical operations at normal incidences. Numerical simulations also illustrate different aspects of multichannel edge detection scheme through projecting multiple images on the metasurface from different directions. Such appealing findings not only circumvent the major potential drawbacks of previous designs but also may offer an efficient, easy-to-fabricate, and flexible approach in wave-based signal processing, edge detection, image contrast enhancement, hidden object detection, and equation solving without any Fourier lens.
Infrared observations of the 2006 outburst of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi: The early phase

We present infrared spectroscopy of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi, obtained 11.81, 20.75 and 55.71 d following its 2006 eruption. The spectra are dominated by hydrogen recombination lines, together with He i, O i and O ii lines; the electron temperature of ∼104 K implied by the recombination spectrum suggests that we are seeing primarily the wind of the red giant, ionized by the ultraviolet flash when RS Oph erupted. However, strong coronal emission lines (i.e. emission from fine structure transitions in ions having high ionization potential) are present in the last spectrum. These imply a temperature of 930 000 K for the coronal gas; this is in line with X-ray observations of the 2006 eruption. The emission linewidths decrease with time in a way that is consistent with the shock model for the X-ray emission.
Verification of pre-convective environments in WRF 3-km forecasts using sounding data from the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX 2)

The Weather Researching and Forecasting (WRF) model has been used operationally to predict weather. Previous studies have mentioned the difficulty of predicting convective weather accurately in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. The focus of this study is to examine the pre-convective environment in high-resolution WRF forecasts using sounding data. Pre-storm environments in the WRF 3-km forecasts from the NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) 2010 Spring Experiment were compared to sounding and observed radar data from the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). Data from June 7, 9-11, and 13-15, of 2010 of the VORTEX2 field campaign were selected for comparison with model forecasts. The examined WRF 3-km forecasts were initialized at 0000 UTC on these days. Sounding data taken before storms initiated in the model and observations were compared to observe differences in the pre-convective environment. Significant differences included consistently warm profiles in the boundary layer and a weak or missing capping inversion in the model; however, above the boundary layer, the model temperature and wind profiles were fairly accurate. The differences seen in the profiles and radar composites suggest that a good long-term forecast (18-24 hr) is dependent upon a good short-term forecast (0-12 hr). Model vertical resolution may have been an issue in resolving capping inversions. The VORTEX2 data set proved valuable in evaluating model representation of the pre-convective environment. These findings reveal the need for further investigation into the high-resolution WRF forecast capabilities to represent the pre-convective and/or convective environment. The Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science (SOARS) Program is managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) with support from participating universities. SOARS is funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, the Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes at Colorado State University, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. SOARS is a partner project with Research Experience in Solid Earth Science for Student (RESESS).
Implications of changing climate for global wildland fire

Wildland fire is a global phenomenon, and a result of interactions between climate–weather, fuels and people. Our climate is changing rapidly primarily through the release of greenhouse gases that may have profound and possibly unexpected impacts on global fire activity. The present paper reviews the current understanding of what the future may bring with respect to wildland fire and discusses future options for research and management. To date, research suggests a general increase in area burned and fire occurrence but there is a lot of spatial variability, with some areas of no change or even decreases in area burned and occurrence. Fire seasons are lengthening for temperate and boreal regions and this trend should continue in a warmer world. Future trends of fire severity and intensity are difficult to determine owing to the complex and non-linear interactions between weather, vegetation and people. Improved fire data are required along with continued global studies that dynamically include weather, vegetation, people, and other disturbances. Lastly, we need more research on the role of policy, practices and human behaviour because most of the global fire activity is directly attributable to people.
Necessary and Sufficient Elastic Stability Conditions in Various Crystal Systems

October, 2014)WhiletheBornelasticstabilitycriteriaarewell-knownforcubiccrystals,thereissomeconfusionintheliteratureabout the form it should take for lower symmetry crystal classes. We present here closed form necessary andsufficientconditionsforelasticstabilityinallcrystalclasses,asaconciseandpedagogicalreferencetostabilitycriteria in non-cubic materials.
Moving frame technique for planar acoustic holography

Acoustic holography is one of the best methods to visualize sound fields. The quality of the visualized sound is primarily determined by the size of the hologram, its microphone spacing, and the number of microphones. This paper describes a way to virtually increase the hologram size and the spatial resolution of the holograph. For a stationary sound field, the method continuously sweeps the sound field by a line array of microphones. For moving sound sources, radiating sound is measured by using a line array of microphones fixed in space. In both cases, the measured signals have Doppler effects. The theoretical formulation has been systematically addressed by employing a moving coordinate which has relative motion between the measurement coordinate and the hologram coordinate. Simulations and experiments support the proposed theory. The drawback is that the method is only applicable to discrete frequencies.
Constructing universal pattern formation processes governed by reaction-diffusion systems.

For a given connected compact subset K in R n we construct a smooth mapF onR 1+n in such a way that the corresponding reaction-diusion system ut = D u +F (u) of n + 1 components u = (u0;u1;:::;un), accom- panying with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, has an attrac- tor which is isomorphic to K. This implies the following universality: The make-up of a pattern with arbitrary complexity (e.g., a fractal pattern) can be realized by a reaction-diusion system once the vector supply term F has been previously properly constructed.
2 Processing and Decoding Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials for Brain-Computer Interfaces

In this chapter, several decoding methods for the Steady State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) paradigm are discussed, as well as their use in Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs). The chapter starts with the concept of BCI, the different categories and their relevance for speechand motor disabled patients. The SSVEP paradigm is explained in detail. The discussed processing and decoding methods employ either time-domain or spectral domain features. Finally, to show the usability of these methods and of SSVEPbased BCIs in general, three applications are described: a spelling system, the “Maze” game and the “Tower Defense” game. We conclude the chapter by addressing some challenges for future research.
A statistical fracture model for Antarctic ice shelves and glaciers

Abstract. Antarctica and Greenland hold enough ice to raise sea level by more than 65 m if both ice sheets were to melt completely. Predicting future ice sheet mass balance depends on our ability to model these ice sheets, which is limited by our current understanding of several key physical processes, such as iceberg calving. Large-scale ice flow models either ignore this process or represent it crudely. To model fractured zones, an important component of many calving models, continuum damage mechanics as well as linear fracture mechanics are commonly used. However, these methods have a large number of uncertainties when applied across the entire Antarctic continent because the models were typically tuned to match processes seen on particular ice shelves. Here we present an alternative, statistics-based method to model the most probable zones of the location of fractures and demonstrate our approach on all main ice shelf regions in Antarctica, including the Antarctic Peninsula. We can predict the location of observed fractures with an average success rate of 84 % for grounded ice and 61 % for floating ice and a mean overestimation error rate of 26 % and 20 %, respectively. We found that Antarctic ice shelves can be classified into groups based on the factors that control fracture location.
Characteristics and perception of social support by patients with fibromyalgia in Facebook

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Analyze the interactive behavior, characteristics, perception of social support, and interests of patients with fibromyalgia on online discussion groups. METHODS: A participatory netnography has been conducted for 6 months on Facebook in order to keep track of a fibromyalgia community with more than 8,000 members. An electronic survey composed by a validated social support scale was sent to the members of the group. Another online survey was applied by the group coordinator in order to build the users’ profile. RESULTS: The online environment has often been indicated as the only place to get something off one’s chest. Regular testimonials on social discrimination due to Fibromyalgia were recorded, coming from the family itself, from friends and even from health professionals. Patients’ rights and new treatments are among the topics of greatest interest. The target group seemed to have a social echo, but it has difficulties to generate engagement among its members. Low social support was reported by most of the 444 respondents. However, many also criticized the group positively. There were 3,217 people who responded the survey applied by the coordinator: 97.5% female respondents, 86.2% were between 31 and 60 years old, 60.1% were diagnosed by a rheumatologist, 16.5% by an orthopedist, and 6.8% by a general practitioner. The five most unpleasant symptoms informed were: pain, anxiety, memory problem, irritability, and tingling. CONCLUSION: New forms of online education and social support for fibromyalgia on online groups are relevant resources to be considered in patient care programs.
Types of Rotavirus Causing Acute Diarrhea among Children in Western India, their Demographic Pattern and Disease Severity

Background: Rotavirus infection is a major cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among infants and children all over the world 1 with winter out-breaks of diarrhea in temperate and cooler parts almost round the year. However, this varies in different part of India. 2-6 Diarrhea is a major cause of under-5 mortality, contributing to approximately over 1,50,000 infant deaths in our country per year. 15,16 Different genotypes have been identified and many more are emerging by way of mutation, genetic shift and genetic drifts. Rotavirus are classified antigenically as A (Most common), B, C, D, E by ELISA and genotypically as G (1 through 12) and P (1 through 8) by Reverse Trans criptase PCR, in combinations. Materials and methods: Stool samples of 110 infants and children from 6 to 60 months of age, with suspected viral diarrhea over one year period were studied for serotypes and genotypes; and compared for their respective disease severity. Results: Thirty-four percent were found positive for Rotavirus-A by ELISA. Of the positive, 33.4% were found to be of G9 genotype, much higher than reported from other parts of the country. On the other hand, merely 13.6% of G1 and G4 each were detected, contrary to high prevalence elsewhere. On electropherotyping, the long-arm types were associated with more severe disease (64.6% showing moderate to severe dehydration) than their short-arm types (Only 16.6% showed moderate dehydration only) p < 0.009. No difference in incidence of severe dehydration between AD positive for Rotavirus (11.7%) and those found nega tive (11.8%), presumably due to other viruses, after excluding invasive diarrhea.
Centralized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Mesh Network Placement Scheme: A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Approach

In the past, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) were mostly used in military operations to prevent pilot losses. Nowadays, the fast technological evolution has enabled the production of a class of cost-effective UAVs that can service a plethora of public and civilian applications, especially when configured to work cooperatively to accomplish a task. However, designing a communication network among the UAVs is a challenging task. In this article, we propose a centralized UAV placement strategy, where UAVs are used as flying access points forming a mesh network, providing connectivity to ground nodes deployed in a target area. The geographical placement of UAVs is optimized based on a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA). The goal of the proposed scheme is to cover all ground nodes using a minimum number of UAVs, while maximizing the fulfillment of their data rate requirements. The UAVs can employ different data rates depending on the channel conditions, which are expressed by the Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR). In this work, the elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is used to find a set of optimal positions to place UAVs, given the positions of the ground nodes. We evaluate the trade-off between the number of UAVs used to cover the target area and the data rate requirement of the ground nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can optimize the UAV placement given the requirement and the positions of the ground nodes in the geographical area.
DNA Vaccines against Infectious Diseases and Cancer

Progress in the development of DNA vaccines and their delivery strategies has been made since their initial concept as a next generation vaccine. Since DNA vaccine includes non-infectious DNA parts of pathogens, it can’t cause disease yet it closely mimic the natural process of infection and immune responses. Despite their early promising results of controlling infectious diseases and cancer in small animal models, DNA vaccines failed to display a level of immunogenicity required for combating these diseases in humans, possibly due to their lower protein expression levels. However, increasing evidence has shown that DNA vaccines are clinically well-tolerated and safe. Furthermore, one notable advantage of DNA vaccines includes convenient utilities of plasmid DNAs coding for antigens. For instance, any emerging pathogens could be prevented easily and timely by allowing the simple exchange of antigen-encoding genes. In this review, newly developed DNA vaccine strategies, including electroporation, which has emerged as a potent method for DNA delivery, targeting infectious diseases and cancer will be discussed with a focus on any on-going DNA vaccine trials or progress made pre-clinically and in clinics.