Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gurus and Oracles: The Marketing of Information

We live in an “Information Age” of overabundant data and lightning-fast transmission. Yet although information and knowledge represent key factors in most economic decisions, we often forget that data, information, and knowledge are products created and traded within the knowledge economy. In Gurus and Oracles, Miklos Sarvary describes the information industry--the far-flung universe of companies whose core business is to sell information to decision makers. These companies include such long-established firms as Thomson Reuters (which began in 1850 with carrier pigeons relaying stock market news) as well as newer, dominant players like Google and Facebook. Sarvary highlights the special characteristics of information and knowledge and analyzes the unusual behaviors of the markets for them. He shows how technology contributes to the spectacular growth of this sector and how new markets for information change our economic environment. Research in economics, business strategy, and marketing has shown that information is different from other goods and services; this is especially true in competitive settings and may result in strange competitive market outcomes. For example, Sarvary points out, unreliable information may be more expensive than reliable information; information sellers may be better off inviting competitors into their market because this may allow them to increase their prices; and competition may lead to increased media bias--but this may benefit consumers who want to discover the truth. In Gurus and Oracles, Sarvary explores the implications of these and other peculiarities for information buyers and sellers.
Fundamental movement skills and habitual physical activity in young children.

PURPOSE To test for relationships between objectively measured habitual physical activity and fundamental movement skills in a relatively large and representative sample of preschool children. METHODS Physical activity was measured over 6 d using the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) accelerometer in 394 boys and girls (mean age 4.2, SD 0.5 yr). Children were scored on 15 fundamental movement skills, based on the Movement Assessment Battery, by a single observer. RESULTS Total physical activity (r=0.10, P<0.05) and percent time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (r=0.18, P<0.001) were significantly correlated with total movement skills score. Time spent in light-intensity physical activity was not significantly correlated with motor skills score (r=0.02, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this sample and setting, fundamental movement skills were significantly associated with habitual physical activity, but the association between the two variables was weak. The present study questions whether the widely assumed relationships between motor skills and habitual physical activity actually exist in young children.
Volleyball

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to detect whether differences exist concerning the dynamic and kinematic parameters of vertical squat jump (SJ) on rigid (RS) and sand (SS) surface. Fifteen elite male beach volleyball players (age: 25.6±6.2 years; height: 188.0±3.5cm; body mass: 83.2±6.0 kg; mean ±SD, respectively) performed SJ. Force platform and kinematic analyses were used with paired sample T‐tests to evaluate the differences. Vertical jump height was significantly smaller (p < .001) on SS than RS. Maximal force and maximal power were significantly higher on RS than SS (p < .05 and p < .01 respectively). Impulse time was larger in SS but with no significant difference (p = .286). Kinematic analysis revealed significant differences between the values of ankle joint during starting posture (p < .01) and of hip joint at the moment of take‐off (p < .05). Ankle joint range of motion and angular velocity was larger in SS (p < .05). In conclusion, SJ height on SS was smaller than on RS because of the compliance and the instability of the sand. This resulted in a reduction in maximum force and take‐off velocity. Furthermore, the compliance of SS made it hard for the ankle to push along the vertical axis of the movement of the body and as a result it slipped behind in an attempt to maximise propulsion. As a result, the body tries to balance and equalise this movement and move the hip to larger extension.
Structures and enzymatic mechanisms of phycobiliprotein lyases CpcE/F and PecE/F

Significance Cyanobacteria contribute significantly to global primary production. Huge photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, phycobilisomes, constitute up to 50% of the cellular protein. Their assembly, restructuring, and disassembly are major metabolic activities. Light is absorbed by chromophores related to animal bile pigments; they are attached to apoproteins by a complex set of enzymes. Two such lyases have previously been identified as β-barrel proteins. We report the structure of a third type that also catalyzes chromophore detachment and isomerization. CpcE/F belongs to a completely different protein family, α-solenoids, but also forms a cavity that transiently hosts the chromophore. Two other proteins were modeled on this structure: an isomerizing E/F-type lyase and the poorly characterized NblB for which we propose chromophore detaching function. The light-harvesting phycobilisome in cyanobacteria and red algae requires the lyase-catalyzed chromophorylation of phycobiliproteins. There are three functionally distinct lyase families known. The heterodimeric E/F type is specific for attaching bilins covalently to α-subunits of phycocyanins and phycoerythrins. Unlike other lyases, the lyase also has chromophore-detaching activity. A subclass of the E/F-type lyases is, furthermore, capable of chemically modifying the chromophore. Although these enzymes were characterized >25 y ago, their structures remained unknown. We determined the crystal structure of the heterodimer of CpcE/F from Nostoc sp. PCC7120 at 1.89-Å resolution. Both subunits are twisted, crescent-shaped α-solenoid structures. CpcE has 15 and CpcF 10 helices. The inner (concave) layer of CpcE (helices h2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14) and the outer (convex) layer of CpcF (h16, 18, 20, 22, and 24) form a cavity into which the phycocyanobilin chromophore can be modeled. This location of the chromophore is supported by mutations at the interface between the subunits and within the cavity. The structure of a structurally related, isomerizing lyase, PecE/F, that converts phycocyanobilin into phycoviolobilin, was modeled using the CpcE/F structure as template. A H87C88 motif critical for the isomerase activity of PecE/F is located at the loop between h20 and h21, supporting the proposal that the nucleophilic addition of Cys-88 to C10 of phycocyanobilin induces the isomerization of phycocyanobilin into phycoviolobilin. Also, the structure of NblB, involved in phycobilisome degradation could be modeled using CpcE as template. Combined with CpcF, NblB shows a low chromophore-detaching activity.
Teaching Medication Management Skills to Schizophrenic Patients

A behaviorally-oriented program for teaching medication management skills to psychiatrically disabled patients was field-tested in a broad range of inpatient and partial-hospitalization clinics representing a wide geographic distribution across the United States. Results indicated that medical practitioners and others in the allied health professions were able to implement the medication management program with a high degree of fidelity. Additionally, patients who participated in the study demonstrated significant gains in cognitive mastery of the program content, high levels of skill attainment, increased utilization of medication management skills, and a significant increase in medication compliance.
Vertically Coupled Microdisk Resonators Using AlGaAs/AlOx Technology

In this letter, we report the first experimental demonstration of microdisk resonators that are vertically coupled to their buried access waveguides on III-V semiconductor epitaxial structures using an original fabrication process. The here-proposed and validated three-dimensional integration scheme exploits selective lateral thermal oxidation of aluminium-rich AlGaAs layers. Compared with the previously reported processing techniques, this new scheme is simpler as it does not require any planarization or substrate transfer steps. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of this approach, 250-μm diameter microdisk devices exhibiting quality factor reaching ~8500 have been successfully fabricated.
Introduction of human apolipoprotein E4 “domain interaction” into mouse apolipoprotein E

Human apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) binds preferentially to lower density lipoproteins, including very low density lipoproteins, and is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. This binding preference is the result of the presence of Arg-112, which causes Arg-61 in the amino-terminal domain to interact with Glu-255 in the carboxyl-terminal domain. ApoE2 and apoE3, which have Cys-112, bind preferentially to high density lipoproteins (HDL) and do not display apoE4 domain interaction. Mouse apoE, like apoE4, contains the equivalent of Arg-112 and Glu-255, but lacks the critical Arg-61 equivalent (it contains Thr-61). Thus, mouse apoE does not display apoE4 domain interaction and, as a result, behaves like human apoE3, including preferential binding to HDL. To assess the potential role of apoE4 domain interaction in atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration, we sought to introduce apoE4 domain interaction into mouse apoE. Replacing Thr-61 in mouse apoE with arginine converted the binding preference from HDL to very low density lipoproteins in vitro, suggesting that apoE4 domain interaction could be introduced into mouse apoE in vivo. Using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, we created mice expressing Arg-61 apoE. Heterozygous Arg-61/wild-type apoE mice displayed two phenotypes found in human apoE4/E3 heterozygotes: preferential binding to lower density lipoproteins and reduced abundance of Arg-61 apoE in the plasma, reflecting its more rapid catabolism. These findings demonstrate the successful introduction of apoE4 domain interaction into mouse apoE in vivo. The Arg-61 apoE mouse model will allow the effects of apoE4 domain interaction in lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration to be determined.
Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers

The Domain Name System requires that multiple servers exist for every delegated domain (zone). This document discusses the selection of secondary servers for DNS zones. Both the physical and topological location of each server are material considerations when selecting secondary servers. The number of servers appropriate for a zone is also discussed, and some general secondary server maintenance issues considered.
The Effects of Multi-Shop's Store Image on the Store Loyalty and Brand Switching Behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine if multi-shop's store image affects store loyalty and brand switching. Two hundred fifty females and males who have purchased fashion products in multi-shop participated in this survey. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation and regression analysis were used for this study. The results were as followed. First, respondents' the most favorite multi-shop was MUE, followed by Boon the shop and ABC mart. Second, store image was classified into four factors such as store atmosphere, service of store, store recognition and product variety. Store loyalty was classified into five factors such as emotional relationship, pursue of novelty, trust about salesperson, satisfaction about service, and active loyalty. Third, result revealed that 'product variety' and 'store atmosphere', 'store recognition', 'service of store' accounted for 39.6% of the explained varience in store loyalty, and 'store recognition' accounted for 4% of the explained varience in brand switching behavior, while 'trust about salesperson', 'pursue of novelty' accounted for 5% of the explained varience in brand switching behavior. Based on these results, multi-shop's fashion marketing strategy would be suggested.
Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties – a critical review of the higher‐level phylogeny of neornithine birds

Recent hypotheses on the higher-level phylogeny of modern birds are reviewed, and areas of agreement and major conflict are detailed, with emphasis being put on congruence among independent molecular and morphological data sets. Although molecular data significantly contributed to a better understanding of avian phylogeny, they do not seem to be free of homoplasy and caution is warranted in the interpretation of some results. The recently proposed Metaves clade is likely to be an artefact of the b-fibrinogen gene, and current molecular data do not yield wellsupported phylogenies for some groups whose interrelationships can be resolved with morphological evidence. There exists, however, congruent and strong molecular evidence for several novel clades that were not recognized by morphologists before, and to ease future discussions the terms Picocoraciae (non-leptosomid Coraciiformes and Piciformes) and Aequornithes (waterbird assemblage) are introduced. Molecular studies further congruently recover some clades, which have not yet been adequately appreciated and are outlined in the present review.
Mammalian nuclei become licensed for DNA replication during late telophase.

Mcm 2-7 are essential replication proteins that bind to chromatin in mammalian nuclei during late telophase. Here, we have investigated the relationship between Mcm binding, licensing of chromatin for replication, and specification of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) replication origin. Approximately 20% of total Mcm3 protein was bound to chromatin in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells during telophase, while an additional 25% bound gradually and cumulatively throughout G1-phase. To investigate the functional significance of this binding, nuclei prepared from CHO cells synchronized at various times after metaphase were introduced into Xenopus egg extracts, which were either immunodepleted of Mcm proteins or supplemented with geminin, an inhibitor of the Mcm-loading protein Cdt1. Within 1 hour after metaphase, coincident with completion of nuclear envelope formation, CHO nuclei were fully competent to replicate in both of these licensing-defective extracts. However, sites of initiation of replication in each of these extracts were found to be dispersed throughout the DHFR locus within nuclei isolated between 1 to 5 hours after metaphase, but became focused to the DHFR origin within nuclei isolated after 5 hours post-metaphase. Importantly, introduction of permeabilized post-ODP, but not pre-ODP, CHO nuclei into licensing-deficient Xenopus egg extracts resulted in the preservation of a significant degree of DHFR origin specificity, implying that the previously documented lack of specific origin selection in permeabilized nuclei is at least partially due to the licensing of new initiation sites by proteins in the Xenopus egg extracts. We conclude that the functional association of Mcm proteins with chromatin (i.e. replication licensing) in CHO cells takes place during telophase, several hours prior to the specification of replication origins at the DHFR locus.
Towards improving the usability and security of Web single sign-on systems

OpenID and OAuth are open and lightweight web single sign-on (SSO) protocols that have been adopted by high-profile identity providers (IdPs), such as Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo, and millions of relying party (RP) websites. However, the average users’ perceptions of web SSO and the systems’ security guarantees are still poorly understood. Aimed at filling these knowledge gaps, we conducted several studies to further the understanding and improvements of the usability and security of these two mainstream web SSO solutions. First, through several in-lab user studies, we investigated users’ perceptions and concerns when using web SSO for authentication. We found that our participants had several misconceptions and concerns that impeded their adoption. This ranged from their inadequate mental models of web SSO, to their concerns about personal data exposure, and a reduction in their perceived web SSO value due to the employment of password management practices. Informed by our findings, we offered a web SSO technology acceptance model, and suggested design improvements. Second, we performed a systematic analysis of the OpenID 2.0 protocol using both formal model checking and an empirical evaluation of 132 popular RP websites. The formal analysis identified three weaknesses in the protocol, and based on the attack traces from the model checking engine, six exploits and a semi-automated vulnerability assessment tool were designed to evaluate how prevalent those weaknesses are in the real-world implementations. Two practical countermeasures were proposed and evaluated to strengthen the uncovered weaknesses in the protocol. Third, we examined the OAuth 2.0 implementations of three major IdPs and 96 popular RP websites. By analyzing browser-relayed messages during SSO, our study uncovered several vulnerabilities that allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the victim user’s profile and social graph on IdPs, and impersonate the victim on RP websites. We investigated the fundamental causes of these vulnerabilities, and proposed several simple and practical design improvements that can be adopted gradually by individual sites. In addition, we proposed and evaluated an approach for websites to prevent SQL injection attacks, and a user-centric access-control scheme that leverages the OpenID and OAuth protocols.
Czech Attitudes Towards the Roma: 'Expecting More of Havel's Country'?

EVER-GROWING IS THE ISSUE OF RIGHTS FOR ROMA and their relations with majority nations throughout Central and Eastern Europe. If one group of people seems today to be consistently verbally derided, subjected to physical abuse, social marginalisation and even legal disenfranchisement in the post-communist space, it is them. While hardly unique, this situation nevertheless has become particularly evident in the Czech Republic. Few incidents in the fate of contemporary Europe's Roma have seized the international imagination-rightly or wrongly-as much as those that have occurred in the Czech Republic. These issues, which not only require careful examination but also some qualification of foreign media coverage, include the 'wall' built effectively segregating Roma from Czechs, a series of killings, a 'citizenship' law condemned internationally as intentionally denying Roma Czech citizenship, the departure of Roma from that country and their claim of asylum in several states, and the continued operation of an industrial pig farm on the site of a World War II concentration camp for Roma. ' All these incidents should be striking in themselves and call for explanation and analysis, as well as in some cases clarification of how they have been presented in the West. They are perhaps all the more unusual because of a paradox: the ethos of liberalism and tolerance accorded to Czech society by many of its own citizens, intellectual and law makers, and especially by its admirers and supporters abroad. Indeed, the present author would be among these, and this article carries some concern for the prestige and reputation of the Czech Republic.2 The importance of this assessment is multidimensional. The Romani issue has captured international media attention, if perhaps in a simplified manner. Its ramifications are numerous, affecting the Czech Republic's relations with several
The relative contribution of the small and large intestine to the absorption and metabolism of rutin in man

Tomato juice containing rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) was ingested by healthy volunteers and ileostomists. Blood and urine collected over 24 h were analysed by HPLC with photodiode array (PDA) and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Low concentrations of isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide (Cmax = 4.3 ± 1.5 nmoles/l) and quercetin-3-glucuronide (Cmax = 12 ± 2 nmoles/l) were detected in plasma of healthy subjects. Metabolites appeared in blood after 4 h indicating absorption from the large intestine. Nine metabolites of rutin were detected in urine but with considerable variation in total amount (40 ± 1–4981 ± 115 nmoles over 24 h). No metabolites were detected in plasma or urine of ileostomists and 86 ± 3% of the ingested rutin was recovered in ileal fluid. In subjects with an intact large intestine, but not ileostomists, rutin was catabolised with the appearance of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in urine accounting for 22% of rutin intake.
Fuzzy Observed-Based Adaptive Consensus Tracking Control for Second-Order Multiagent Systems With Heterogeneous Nonlinear Dynamics

In this paper, the consensus tracking control problem of second-order multiagent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics, immeasurable states, and disturbances is investigated. The nonlinear dynamics in multiagent systems do not satisfy the matched condition. In this paper, fuzzy logic system is introduced to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics, and adaptive high-gain observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured states. Based on backstepping approach and Lyapunov theory, a new adaptive fuzzy distributed controller is proposed for each agent only using the information of itself and its neighbors. Then the consensus tracking is achieved under the designed distributed controller. Moreover, it is proved that all the signals in the multiagent systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the consensus tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin that can be designed as small as possible. Finally, the simulation result illustrates the effectiveness of the designed controller.
Static disorders of atoms and experimental determination of Debye temperature in pyrope: Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study

Abstract Low- and high-temperature single-crystal X‑ray diffraction studies of synthetic pyrope garnet have been conducted at 20 temperature-points over a wide temperature range from 96.7 to 972.9 K. From precise structure refinements, the possibility of static disorder and anharmonic thermal vibration of Mg in the dodecahedral site, which has long been under debate, has been assessed together with the thermal expansion behavior. Application of the Debye model to the temperature dependence of the resulting mean square displacements (MSDs) of atoms shows that they clearly include significant static disorder components in all the constituent atoms, of which Mg has the most dominant static disorder component. The residual electron density analyses and the structure refinements based on the split-atom model at a low temperature of 96.7 K provide direct proof of the Mg static disorder. Anharmonic structure refinements applying the Gram-Charlier expansion up to the fourth-rank tensor show that the anharmonic contribution to atomic thermal vibrations begins to appear in all atoms except Si at a high temperature of T > 800 K. However, at lower temperatures, anharmonic refinements show no sign of anharmonic thermal vibrations on any atom and instead provide an indication of their static disorder.