Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synaptic modification of parallel fibre‐Purkinje cell transmission in in vitro guinea‐pig cerebellar slices.

1. Synaptic transmission from parallel fibres to Purkinje cells and its modification by paired stimulation of parallel fibres and climbing fibres were studied in in vitro slices of the cerebellum obtained from guinea‐pigs. 2. Intracellular recordings were made from Purkinje cells, mainly from dendrites in the middle third of the molecular layer, but also, in a few cases, from somata. Climbing fibres were activated by stimulation of the white matter, while parallel fibres were stimulated with an electrode placed near the pial surface of the molecular layer. 3. Stimulation of the white matter elicited antidromic spikes, all‐or‐none climbing fibre responses, disynaptic responses through mossy fibres and parallel fibres, and trisynaptic responses through inhibitory interneurones. Climbing fibre responses were often followed by a small plateau potential, usually less than 2‐3 mV in amplitude and less than 100 ms in duration, followed by a slow hyperpolarization which reached its peak in several seconds. Inhibitory inputs to Purkinje cells were blocked with picrotoxin for the experiments described below. 4. Stimulation of the superficial molecular layer with currents less than 50 microA produced graded parallel fibre‐mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) ranging from 4 to 8 mV in peak amplitude. 5. Conjunctive stimulation of climbing fibres and parallel fibres at 4 Hz for 25 s induced depression of parallel fibre‐mediated e.p.s.p.s in Purkinje cells, both in the peak amplitudes and in the slopes. The depression was about 30% on average and lasted for more than 50 min. 6. No such depression occurred when the intensity of the white matter stimulation was set just subthreshold for the climbing fibre innervating the Purkinje cell under study. Instead, the parallel fibre‐mediated e.p.s.p.s were moderately potentiated for a period ranging from 10 to 50 min. Repetitive stimulation of the climbing fibre alone did not affect parallel fibre‐mediated e.p.s.p.s. 7. Immediately after the conjunctive stimulation or the repetitive stimulation of climbing fibres alone, a transient hyperpolarization which lasted for several minutes was seen. Its time course was similar to that of the hyperpolarization following a climbing fibre response. Except for this, there were no associated changes in the membrane potential, the input resistance, or the magnitudes of climbing fibre responses in any of the cases mentioned in 5 and 6 above.
PERSONALITY TRAITS, ANGER AND PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS RELATED TO QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CANCER.

BACKGROUND The presence of psychiatric symptoms, anger, and personality characteristics are factors that affect the quality of life of newly diagnosed digestive system cancer patients. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify which stable characteristics of the individual's personality interfere with quality of life, even when reactive emotional characteristics of falling ill are controlled. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed at the Oncology Clinic ( Hospital das Clínicas ), Marília/SP, Brazil, in which 50 adult patients with digestive system cancer and diagnosed less than 6 months answered the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Temperament and Character Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and WHOQOL-BREF. Multiple regression was performed to verify if quality of life was related to stable characteristics of the subject's personality (anger trait, temperament and character) after controlling to the transient emotional aspects (anger state, psychiatric symptoms). RESULTS The quality of life psychological health score was higher in presence of self-directedness character and reward dependence temperament and quality of life environment score was higher in presence of self-directedness character and lower in presence of harm avoidance temperament. CONCLUSION The psychological well-being and the adaptive needs to the environment that favoring a better quality of life were reinforced mainly by the self-directedness character; which means that patients more autonomous cope better with the disease. On the other hand, the harm avoidance temperament (meaning the patient has fear of aversive situations) impaired the adaptive capacity to deal with the changes of the day-to-day imposed by the disease. Understanding these personality traits is important to the health professionals drive the patient to more successful treatment.
A double selection experiment for body weight and breast angle at eight weeks of age in chickens.

CORRELATED response denotes the associated change of an unselected A trait when artificial selection is made for a particular characteristic. The theory of correlated response has been discussed by LERNER (1950) and more recently by FALCONER (1960). These authors along with HAZEL (1943) and HAZEL, BAKER and REINMILLER (1943) have shown how the genetic correlation coefficient measures the genetic association between two traits, and the application of it as a predictor in selection indexes. In addition, these authors have provided outlines of the computational procedures necessary for obtaining estimates of the genetic correlation coefficient. ROBERTSON (1959) and VAN VLECK and HENDERSON (1961) have shown that the estimates obtained by these procedures usually have large sampling variances. REEVE and ROBERTSON (1953) and CLAYTON, KNIGHT, MORRIS and ROBERTSON ( 195 7) have utilized Drosophila populations in experiments to determine whether correlated responses occur in that species. Only FALCONER (1954), however, who worked with body size and tail length in mice, has published data on the reliability of the genetic correlation coefficient as a measure of correlated responses in higher organisms. When two traits are genetically correlated, a change in the mean genotypic value of one is accompanied by changes in the other. The change in the average value of the genotype for the selected trait (G) should result in an average change in the genotype for the unselected trait (G’). The change in G’ should be proportional to the genetic correlation between the traits and the ratio of the square roots of the genetic variance of the selected and unselected traits. Thus provided the two traits were equally variable and equally heritable symmetrical responses, in terms of a common measurement, to selection could be expected in the trait not under direct selection if selection was for trait A in one population and trait W in the other. Reported here are results of a double selection experiment which provided a comparison of the genetic correlations obtained between body weight and breast angle at eight weeks of age in White Plymouth Rock chickens.
Indoor residential chemical emissions as risk factors for respiratory and allergic effects in children: a review.

UNLABELLED Most research into effects of residential exposures on respiratory health has focused on allergens, moisture/mold, endotoxin, or combustion products. A growing body of research from outside the US; however, has associated chemical emissions from common indoor materials with risk of asthma, allergies, and pulmonary infections. This review summarizes 21 studies in the epidemiologic literature on associations between indoor residential chemical emissions, or emission-related materials or activities, and respiratory health or allergy in infants or children. Associations, some strong, were reported between many risk factors and respiratory or allergic effects. Risk factors identified most frequently included formaldehyde or particleboard, phthalates or plastic materials, and recent painting. Findings for other risk factors, such as aromatic and aliphatic chemical compounds, were limited but suggestive. Elevated risks were also reported for renovation and cleaning activities, new furniture, and carpets or textile wallpaper. Reviewed studies were entirely observational, limited in size, and variable in quality, and specific risk factors identified may only be indicators for correlated, truly causal exposures. Nevertheless, overall evidence suggests a new class of residential risk factors for adverse respiratory effects, ubiquitous in modern residences, and distinct from those currently recognized. It is important to confirm and quantify any risks, to motivate and guide necessary preventive actions. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Composite wood materials that emit formaldehyde, flexible plastics that emit plasticizers, and new paint have all been associated with increased risks of respiratory and allergic health effects in children. Although causal links have not been documented, and other correlated indoor-related exposures may ultimately be implicated, these findings nevertheless point to a new class of little recognized indoor risk factors for allergic and respiratory disease, distinct from the current set of indoor risk factors. The available evidence thus raises initial questions about many common residential practices: for instance, using pressed wood furnishings in children's bedrooms, repainting infant nurseries, and encasing mattresses and pillows with vinyl for asthmatic children. The findings summarized here suggest a need for substantially increased research to replicate these findings, identify causal factors, and validate preventive strategies.
Long‐term follow‐up of the thyroid gland after treatment with 131I‐Metaiodobenzylguanidine in children with neuroblastoma: Importance of continuous surveillance

Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in up to 52% of patients 1.4 years after treatment with 131I‐Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in children with neuroblastoma (NBL), despite the use of potassium‐iodide (KI). Our aim was to investigate if the incidence and severity of thyroid damage increases in time.
Romanticism and the Forms of Ruin. Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Modalities of Fragmentation

Despite their hopeful aspirations to wholeness in life and spirit, Thomas McFarland contends, the Romantics were ruins amidst ruins," fragments of human existence in a disintegrating world. Focusing on Wordsworth and Coleridge, Professor McFarland shows how this was true not only for each of these Romantics in particular but also for Romanticism in general.Originally published in 1981.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
An Internet study of prospective memory across adulthood.

In an Internet study, 73,018 18-79-year-olds were asked to "remember to click the smiley face when it appears. " A smiley face was present/absent at encoding, and participants were told to expect it "at the end of the test"/"later in the test. " In all 4 conditions, the smiley face occurred after 20 min of retrospective memory tests. Prospective remembering benefited at all ages from both prior target exposure and temporal uncertainty; moreover, it resembled working memory in its linear decline from young adulthood. The study demonstrates the power of Internet methodology to reveal age-related deficits in a single-trial prospective memory task outside the laboratory.
Full-wave analysis of cavity-backed resistively loaded bow-tie antennas for GPR applications

In this paper, the design and full-wave analysis of cavity-backed circular-end bow-tie antennas for ground-penetrating radar applications are presented. A suitable resistive loading of the radiating structure is employed to achieve an ultra-wideband behaviour and, at the same time, to meet the occupation volume requirements of modern subsurface radars. The optimal loading distribution is determined by means of a locally conformal finite-difference time-domain numerical procedure, useful to accurately analyse electromagnetic structures having complex geometrical and electrical characteristics, taking into account the impact of the ground, modelled as a lossy homogeneous half space. Emphasis is placed on the investigation of the antenna near-field in order to gain useful information about potential EMC/EMI issues that could involve nearby electronic devices, as well as the impact of the resistive loading on radiation efficiency.
Secondary prevention for CABG patients: take two arterial grafts at the time of your coronary operation.

Due to its platelets-inhibitory effect, aspirin is one of the cornerstones in the field of prevention of ischemic events, having been widely shown to improve survival in patients with ischemic heart disease (1-4). The main reason explaining the antiplatelet activity of this drug consists in its ability to irreversibly act on thromboxane-A2 (TXA2), by reducing its production. As part of the wide spectrum of patients with ischemic heart disease, aspirin plays a key role also in the cohort of those undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Vein graft patency has in fact been demonstrated to be strongly influenced by aspirin, with angiographically detected vein graft occlusion occurring up to five times more frequently in patients receiving placebo than in those receiving acetylsalicylic acid (5). Aspirin administration shortly after CABG has been proved to improve survival by reducing the burden of ischemic events (6) and, accordingly, international guidelines recommend aspirin to be initiated within 6–12 hours postoperatively, if not administered preoperatively (7,8).
Effect of Manidipine as Compared to Atenolol on Platelet Aggregation in Elderly Patients with Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Type II Diabetes Mellitus

This study was done to evaluate the effect of treatment with manidipine as compared with atenolol on thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus. After a 2-week washout placebo period, 60 elderly patients (aged 65-80 years) with isolated systolic hypertension (SBP > 140 mm Hg and DBP < 90 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to manidipine 10 mg or atenolol 50 mg 6-week treatment according to a double-blind, crossover design. Thirty patients had a concomitant well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c ≤ 6.5%). At the end of the washout and of each treatment period, blood pressure (BP) (by mercury sphygmomanometer) and platelet aggregation (by Born-type aggregometer) were evaluated. Blood samples were collected using sodium citrate as anticoagulant, and platelet aggregation was induced by 2 different concentrations of ADP and collagen. Manidipine and atenolol produced a significant BP reduction in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, with no difference between treatments. Despite the similar BP effect, in diabetic patients manidipine produced a significant reduction in platelet aggregation induced by both doses of either ADP or collagen. In nondiabetic hypertensives, manidipine inhibited platelet aggregation only at the highest doses of both inducers. The difference in the platelet inhibitory effect of manidipine between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects was statistically significant (P < 0.05) at both inducer concentrations. No changes in platelet aggregation were observed in the atenolol group. These data indicate that, unlike atenolol, manidipine inhibits platelet aggregation in elderly hypertensive patients, expecially in those with associated type II diabetes mellitus. The clinical impact of this positive effect in terms of prevention of cardiovascular complications in these high-risk patients remains to be clarified.
Validity of self‐reported family history of cancer: A systematic literature review on selected cancers

Evidence regarding validity of self‐reported family history of cancer (FHC) has been reviewed only for breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, endometrial and uterine cancer. We aimed to systematically review studies assessing validity of self‐reported family history for the remaining cancer sites. We searched the Medline database for relevant studies published by January 2016. We extracted information on the study design and the positive predictive value (PPV) of self‐reported FHC, defined as the proportion of reported cancer diagnoses among relatives that was confirmed by a reference standard (as a measure of over‐reporting). We also extracted information on sensitivity of self‐reported FHC (as a measure of underreporting). Overall, 21 studies were included that provided information on the PPV of self‐reported FHC for relevant cancers and four studies also provided information on sensitivity. The PPV was highest (mostly >70%) for pancreatic, lung, thyroid and urinary system cancers and for leukemia and lymphoma, while it was lowest for stomach and liver cancer. Sensitivity was highest (>70%) for pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, leukemia and lymphoma. For several cancers, sample sizes were low and the number of studies limited, particularly regarding sensitivity of self‐reported FHC. In conclusion, for some cancers (e.g., pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, lymphoma) self‐reported FHC can be considered sufficiently valid to be useful, for example, in preventive counseling. For several cancers, it is not sufficiently studied or the pattern is inconsistent. This needs to be taken into account when using self‐reported information about FHC in clinical practice or epidemiological research.
THE BOTTLENECK EFFECT AND GENETIC VARIABILITY IN POPULATIONS

In a population of constant size the expected heterozygosity for a neutral locus when mutation and genetic drift are balanced is given by 4 Nv/(4Nv + 1) under the assumption that new mutations are always different from the pre-existing alleles in the population, where N is the effective population size and v the mutation rate per locus per generation (Kimura, 1968). The size of a natural population, however, often changes drastically in the evolutionary process. In an extreme case a single inseminated female from a large population may migrate to an unoccupied geographical or ecological territory and establish a new colony, followed by rapid population growth to form a new species. This process seems to have occurred repeatedly in the evolution of Hawaiian Drosophila species (Carson, 1970; 1971) and also in the establishment of the Bogota, Colombia, population of Drosophila pseudoobscura (Prakash, 1972). When population size is suddenly reduced, the average heterozygosity per locus is expected to decline, the rate of decline depending on the effective population size, while if population size increases the aver-
Altered nucleic acid metabolism in human cell cultures infected with mycoplasma.

Many human diploid cell strains cultured in one of these laboratoriest have in the course of their serial propagation developed profound and permanent changes in the pattern of nucleic acid synthesis.1 These changes included (a) the appearance of a new species of RNA, apparently synthesized in the cytoplasm, with a guanine plus cytosine content of 33 per cent and a sedimentation constant of 1420S; (b) decreased C'4-uridine incorporation into nuclear 35-45S ribosomal precursor RNA, to the degree that it could no longer be demonstrated by either autoradiography or sucrose density centrifugation; and (c) a decreased ribosomal RNA content per cell. The incorporation of C'4-uridine into this 14-20S RNA was not decreased in confluent and nongrowing cultures of "altered" cells, as contrasted with the 90-95 per cent decrease in the incorporation of C'4-uridine into normal ribosomal precursor RNA.2 More recent experiments3 have shown that the newly synthesized RNA consists of at least two distinct species (14S and 20S), separable either by density gradient centrifugation or gel electrophoresis, and in contrast to mammalian ribosomal RNA has a high turnover rate. With similar techniques, analogous changes have been found in the pattern of DNA synthesis: radioactive thymidine is incorporated by altered cultures into a "light" DNA species, apparently synthesized in the cytoplasm, and also with a high turnover rate. The cytoplasmic synthesis of the abnormal RNA, perhaps on the new DNA species as a template, was inhibited by actinomycin D. Paradoxically, these profound alterations in the pattern of nucleic acid synthesis did not usually affect the gross appearance, growth rate, or life expectancy of the cultures; and no significant chromosome alterations could be detected. The causative role of mycoplasma in effecting these changes was previously considered possible, but unlikely.1 The results here reported, based on more extensive isolation tests in a number of laboratories, as well as deliberate inoculation experiments, indicate that these altered patterns of nucleic acid synthesis in cultured human cells did indeed stem from infection with mycoplasma and that a single species (M. hyorhinis) was involved. Materials and Methods. -The cell strains used were all human diploid fibroblasts; their source and methods for propagation have been listed elsewhere.4 Although penicillin, streptomycin, and aureomycin were routinely added at 50, 50, and 10 sg/ml, respectively, only penicillin was used in inoculation experiments with mycoplasma cultures. Methods for nucleic acid characterization, including density gradient centrifugation, base composition analysis, and autoradiography, have also been previously described. ' Methods for the cultivation and enumeration of mycoplasma were substantially those used by Hayflick5 and by Thomas and McGregor.6 Broth cultures for inoculation and agar plates for colony formation were incubated at 370C in a CO2 incubator. Except where indicated,