Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orbital Imaging in Strabismus

ABSTRACT Normal orbital anatomy plays a foundational role in stabilizing binocular eye movements. Abnormal orbital anatomy, contrariwise, destabilizes binocular eye alignment by introducing eccentric and unbalanced EOM forces. These abnormalities can be categorized into five broad etiologies: (1) orbital structural disorders; (2) globe size disorders; (3) degenerative disorders; (4) innervational disorders; and (5) trauma. Orbital imaging provides important diagnostic information on EOM path and innervational status, but only if performed properly. The three critical elements are (1) maximize the field of view by focusing on the orbit of interest; (2) control gaze, ideally imaging in primary position; and (3) image perpendicular (direct coronals) and parallel (axial for horizontal, sagittal for vertical) to the EOM(s) of interest. Images should be analyzed systematically by comparing EOM size and location between orbits and with established normative values. The single most critical image is the most anterior direct coronal plane that contains both globe and clearly defined EOM cross sections. EOM positional abnormalities in this plane establish the diagnosis for the first three categories of orbital abnormalities. Innervational abnormalities are best evaluated in the mid-orbit; asymmetry in mid-orbital EOM size and shape defines or confirms innervational disorders like complete or partial cranial nerve palsies.
Prospective Multicenter Surveillance Study of Surgical Site Infection after Intracranial Procedures in Korea : A Preliminary Study

Objective This study aimed to investigate the rates, types, and risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI) following intracranial neurosurgical procedures evaluated by a Korean SSI surveillance system. Methods This was a prospective observational study of patients who underwent neurosurgical procedures at 29 hospitals in South Korea from January 2017 to June 2017. The procedures included craniectomy, craniotomy, cranioplasty, burr hole, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Of the 1576 cases included, 30 showed infection, for an overall SSI rate of 1.9%. Organ/space infection was the most common, found in 21 out of the 30 cases (70%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common (41%) of all bacteria, and Serratia marcescens (12%) was the most common among gram-negative bacteria. In univariate analyses, the p-values for age, preoperative hospital stay duration, and over T-hour were <0.2. In a multivariate analysis of these variables, only preoperative hospital stay was significantly associated with the incidence of SSI (p<0.001), whereas age and over T-hour showed a tendency to increase the risk of SSI (p=0.09 and 0.06). Conclusion Surveillance systems play important roles in the accurate analysis of SSI. The incidence of SSI after neurosurgical procedures assessed by a national surveillance system was 1.9%. Future studies will provide clinically useful results for SSI when data are accumulated.
Emergency trans‐catheter coronary intervention for left main compression secondary to pulmonary hypertension in a 4‐year‐old child

Here, we report on the case of a 4‐year‐old child with large atrial septal defect (ASD) and severe pulmonary hypertension presenting an ischemic cardiomyopathy secondary to left main (LM) compression by a dilated pulmonary artery trunk. Despite of surgical treatment consisting in ASD closure and coronary artery bypass grafting, the patient was not weanable from ECMO. Control coronarography showed a near‐occlusion of the left mammary bypass. A rescue percutaneous LM angioplasty with drug‐eluting stent implantation was performed.
Analyzing Privacy Policies Using Contextual Integrity Annotations

In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of using the theory of contextual integrity (CI) to annotate and evaluate privacy policy statements. We perform a case study using CI annotations to compare Facebook's privacy policy before and after the Cambridge Analytica scandal. The updated Facebook privacy policy provides additional details about what information is being transferred, from whom, by whom, to whom, and under what conditions. However, some privacy statements prescribe an incomprehensibly large number of information flows by including many CI parameters in single statements. Other statements result in incomplete information flows due to the use of vague terms or omitting contextual parameters altogether. We then demonstrate that crowdsourcing can effectively produce CI annotations of privacy policies at scale. We test the CI annotation task on 48 excerpts of privacy policies from 17 companies with 141 crowdworkers. The resulting high precision annotations indicate that crowdsourcing could be used to produce a large corpus of annotated privacy policies for future research.
Usefulness of surgical pleth index-guided analgesia during general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective Previous studies comparing surgical pleth index (SPI)-guided and conventional analgesia have shown differing results. Therefore, we compared the intraoperative opioid requirement, extubation time, postoperative pain scores, and perioperative adverse events between these two modalities. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the intraoperative opioid requirement and other outcomes between the two modalities. The mean difference (MD) or the pooled risk ratio and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for analysis. A heterogeneity (I2) assessment was performed. Results Six randomized controlled trials comparing 463 patients were included. Intraoperative opioid consumption was significantly lower in the SPI-guided than conventional analgesia group (standardized MD, −0.41; 95% CI, −0.70 to −0.11; I2 = 53%). No significant intergroup difference was observed in the pain score on the first postoperative day or the incidence of perioperative adverse events. The extubation time was considerably shorter in the SPI-guided than conventional analgesia group (MD, −1.91; 95% CI, −3.33 to −0.49; I2 = 67%). Conclusions Compared with conventional analgesia, SPI-guided analgesia can reduce intraoperative opioid consumption and facilitate extubation. Moreover, no intergroup difference was observed in the degree of postoperative pain or incidence of perioperative adverse events.
The AtRial Cardiopathy and Antithrombotic Drugs In prevention After cryptogenic stroke randomized trial: Rationale and methods

Rationale Recent data suggest that a thrombogenic atrial substrate can cause stroke in the absence of atrial fibrillation. Such an atrial cardiopathy may explain some proportion of cryptogenic strokes. Aims The aim of the ARCADIA trial is to test the hypothesis that apixaban is superior to aspirin for the prevention of recurrent stroke in subjects with cryptogenic ischemic stroke and atrial cardiopathy. Sample size estimate 1100 participants. Methods and design Biomarker-driven, randomized, double-blind, active-control, phase 3 clinical trial conducted at 120 U.S. centers participating in NIH StrokeNet. Population studied Patients ≥ 45 years of age with embolic stroke of undetermined source and evidence of atrial cardiopathy, defined as ≥ 1 of the following markers: P-wave terminal force >5000 µV × ms in ECG lead V1, serum NT-proBNP > 250 pg/mL, and left atrial diameter index ≥ 3 cm/m2 on echocardiogram. Exclusion criteria include any atrial fibrillation, a definite indication or contraindication to antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy, or a clinically significant bleeding diathesis. Intervention: Apixaban 5 mg twice daily versus aspirin 81 mg once daily. Analysis: Survival analysis and the log-rank test will be used to compare treatment groups according to the intention-to-treat principle, including participants who require open-label anticoagulation for newly detected atrial fibrillation. Study outcomes The primary efficacy outcome is recurrent stroke of any type. The primary safety outcomes are symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and major hemorrhage other than intracranial hemorrhage. Discussion ARCADIA is the first trial to test whether anticoagulant therapy reduces stroke recurrence in patients with atrial cardiopathy but no known atrial fibrillation.
Igrifikacija: prema sistematizaciji termina na hrvatskom jeziku

Pojam igrifikacije danas dobiva sve veći značaj u kontekstu poslovanja i obrazovanja u kojem dokazano donosi brojne prednosti (primjerice, povećanje motivacije i produktivnosti zaposlenika/učenika i sl.). S porastom popularnosti igrifikacije u akademskom i industrijskom okruženju razvijeni su i koriste se brojni termini koji često imaju vrlo slično značenje, što stvara nedoumice i poteškoće kod njihova korištenja. Dodatan problem se javlja kod pokušaja prevođenja tih termina s engleskog na hrvatski jezik zbog različitih sintagmi koje se koriste u navedenim jezicima. Stoga je u ovom radu napravljen sistematizirani pregled najvažnijih i najčešćih termina vezanih uz područje igrifikacije te njezinih sudionika i elemenata. Također su predloženi nazivi standardnih termina, kao i njihove definicije.
Combination of panendoscopy and positron emission tomography/computed tomography increases detection of unknown primary head and neck carcinoma

With positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) now commonplace as a diagnostic tool, new questions have arisen regarding the utility and cost‐effectiveness of panendoscopy. In this retrospective review of a large cohort of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCC‐UP), we describe the enduring utility of panendoscopy in the detection of the primary site of mucosal disease even when PET/CT is negative.
Aprotinin interacts with substrate-binding site of human dipeptidyl peptidase III

Abstract Human dipeptidyl peptidase III (hDPP III) is a zinc-exopeptidase of the family M49 involved in final steps of intracellular protein degradation and in cytoprotective pathway Keap1-Nrf2. Biochemical and structural properties of this enzyme have been extensively investigated, but the knowledge on its contacts with other proteins is scarce. Previously, polypeptide aprotinin was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of hDPP III hydrolytic activity. In this study, aprotinin was first investigated as a potential substrate of hDPP III, but no degradation products were demonstrated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Subsequently, molecular details of the protein–protein interaction between aprotinin and hDPP III were studied by molecular modeling. Docking and long molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have shown that aprotinin interacts by its canonical binding epitope with the substrate binding cleft of hDPP III. Thereby, free N-terminus of aprotinin is distant from the active-site zinc. Enzyme-inhibitor complex is stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding network, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions which mostly involve constituent amino acid residues of the hDPP III substrate binding subsites S1, S1', S2, S2' and S3'. This is the first study that gives insight into aprotinin binding to a metallopeptidase. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Identifying Mechanisms of Induced de novo Tolerance to Ceftiofur

With the alarming proliferation of antibiotic resistance, it is important to understand the de novo development of bacterial adaptation to antibiotics in formerly susceptible lineages, in the absence of external genetic input from existing resistance pools. A strain of ceftiofur susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ABB07-SB3071 (MIC = 1.0 μg/ml) was successively exposed to sub-MIC of ceftiofur to allow its adaptation for tolerance to a concentration of 2.0 μg/ml of this antibiotic. Genomic and proteomic comparative analyses of the parental strain and induced tolerant derived lineages were performed to characterize underlying mechanisms of de novo adaptation (tolerance). Expression and localization of specific drug-, heme-, sugar-, amino acid-, and sulfate-transporters were altered, as was the localization of the cell membrane stabilizing protein OsmY in the tolerant strains adapted to 2.0 μg/ml compared to the parental isolate lines. This redistribution of existing transporters acts to minimize the concentrations of ceftiofur in the periplasm, by decreasing facilitated import and increasing active efflux and cytosolic sequestration as determined by high performance liquid chromatography quantification of residual total and extracellular ceftiofur after growth. Genetic, subcellular localization, and abundance changes of specific regulators of transcription, translation, and post-translational dynamics in the derived ceftiofur tolerant lineages decrease metabolic strain on cell walls and enhance periplasmic envelop stability against stress. This produces slower growing, more tolerant populations, which deplete free ceftiofur concentrations significantly more than susceptible parental populations (P < 0.05), as measured by recoverable levels of ceftiofur from cultures of equivalent cellular density incubated with equal ceftiofur concentrations. Genetic and abundance changes to specific carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes, not traditionally associated with beta-lactam metabolism, establish an enzymatic framework with the potential to detoxify/degrade ceftiofur, while mutations and changes in subcellular localization in specific cell surface factors enhance the stability of the Gram-negative cell envelop despite the compromising effect of ceftiofur. The observed changes highlight generalizable mechanisms of de novo tolerance without horizontal gene transfer, and thus can inform policies to combat antibiotic tolerance and minimize induction of de novo tolerance.
Is PostureScreen® Mobile app an accurate tool for dentists to evaluate the correlation between malocclusion and posture?

ABSTRACT Objective To determine whether PostureScreen® Mobile app is a useful, simple tool that is accessible for dentists to evaluate the correlation between malocclusion and posture. Methods Twenty-nine subjects underwent static and dynamic dental occlusion examinations and a postural exam with PostureScreen® Mobile app, a photographic method. The subjects were divided into groups depending on their static and dynamic occlusion features. The postural parameters were then compared between these groups. Results Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for some postural parameters were obtained for Angle Class 1 vs. 2 and 3 and for the passive interference group and active premature contacts group during left lateral movement. There were no statistically significant differences regarding protrusion and right lateral movement. Discussion Dental occlusion anomalies and posture pathological modifications can be inter-related. PostureScreen® Mobile app might represent a useful tool in the early diagnosis of dental occlusion pathology.
The Role of Cognitive Costs, Attitudes About Aging, and Intrinsic Motivation in Predicting Engagement in Everyday Activities

Engagement in cognitively demanding everyday activities has been shown to benefit cognitive health in later life. We investigated the factors that influence engagement, with specific interest in determining the extent to which the costs of engaging cognitive resources are associated with intrinsic motivation and, ultimately, participation in everyday activities. Older adults (N = 153) aged from 65 to 81 years completed a challenging cognitive task, with the costs of cognitive engagement—operationalized as the effort required to maintain performance—assessed using systolic blood pressure responses (SBP-R). We also assessed participation in everyday activities using both 2-year retrospective reports and five daily reports over a 5-week period. Structural models revealed that lower levels of costs were associated with more positive attitudes about aging, which in turn were associated with higher levels of intrinsic motivation. Motivation was subsequently predictive of everyday activity engagement, with the effect being specific to those activities thought to place demands on cognitive resources. The measure of engagement had minimal impact on the nature of the observed effects, suggesting that the retrospective and weekly assessments were tapping into similar constructs. Taken together, the results are consistent with expectations derived from Selective Engagement Theory (Hess, 2014), which argues that engagement in demanding activities is related to the cost associated with such engagement, which in turn leads to selective participation through changes in motivation.
[Anti-cicatricial and anti-restenosis effect of verapamil on anterior urethral stricture: A randomized controlled clinical trial].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-cicatricial and anti-restenosis effect of verapamil on anterior urethral stricture. Methods: A total of 32 patients received anterior urethral stricture were enrolled in this study. They were divided into 4 blocks according to the duration of previous urethral operations and dilations. Every block was further randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. Experimental groups received 2 mL injection of verapamil around the anastomosis site of urethra before and after the surgery (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after the surgery), while the control groups only received the anastomosis surgery. After surgery, maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) was examined for all patients once the catheter was removed. In addition, they were also conducted palpation of urethral scar range. The sum of long transverse diameters of urethral scar was measured, and the narrowest urethral inner diameter was examined. The Qmax was rechecked and the urethral scar range was assessed by penis color Doppler elastography after 12 weeks of surgery. The above 4 indexes were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of verapamil on urethral scar. Results: The length of palpated urethral scar in the Block 1 to 4 of the experimental groups was (22.75±1.03), (21.25±0.25), (20.75±1.03), and (20.0±0.58) mm, respectively; and those in the control groups (26.00±0.82), (24.5±1.04), (25.75±1.65), and (28.25±1.75) mm, respectively. The Qmax rates in the Block 1 to 4 of the experimental groups were (11.85±0.77), (11.33±0.81), (10.23±0.26), and (10.35±0.17) mL/s, respectively; and those in the control groups were (10.85±0.39), (10.50±0.76), (10.53±1.00), (12.60±0.39) mL/s, respectively. The Qmax rates in the Block 1 to 4 of the experimental groups were (11.73±0.87), (10.65±0.25), (10.23±0.19), and (10.35±0.29) mL/s, respectively; and those in the control groups were (8.05±0.28), (7.73±0.68), (7.53±0.92), and (9.60±0.32) mL/s, respectively. The narrowest diameters of urethral in the Block 1 to 4 of the experimental groups were (9.00±0.58), (7.50±2.89), (7.00±0.10), and (7.00±0.41) mm, respectively; and those in the control groups were (5.50±0.29), (5.00±0.41), (4.75±0.48), and (6.75±0.48) mm, respectively. The ultrasound strain ratio in the Block 1 to 4 of the experimental groups were 6.10±0.22, 6.10±0.17, 5.10±0.16, and 6.90±0.19, respectively; and those in the control groups were 8.00±0.25, 10.60±0.29, 11.30±0.16, and 8.90±0.33, respectively. Compared with the control groups, the experimental groups displayed smaller urethral scar range, less severe scarring, improved Qmax rates and wider inner diameters (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Urethral regional injection of verapamil intraoperatively or postoperatively can prevent overgrowth of urethral scar tissues after the transperineal anastomosis surgery, and reduce the tendency of postoperative restenosis of anterior urethral stricture.
ScatterNet: A convolutional neural network for cone‐beam CT intensity correction

PURPOSE To demonstrate a proof-of-concept for fast cone-beam CT (CBCT) intensity correction in projection space by the use of deep learning. METHODS The CBCT scans and corresponding projections were acquired from 30 prostate cancer patients. Reference shading correction was performed using a validated method (CBCT cor ), which estimates scatter and other low-frequency deviations in the measured CBCT projections on the basis of a prior CT image obtained from warping the planning CT to the CBCT. A convolutional neural network (ScatterNet) was designed, consisting of an attenuation conversion stage followed by a shading correction stage using a UNet-like architecture. The combined network was trained in 2D, utilizing pairs of measured and corrected projections of the reference method, in order to perform shading correction in projection space before reconstruction. The number of patients used for training, testing, and evaluation was 15, 7, and 8, respectively. The reconstructed CBCT ScatterNet was compared to CBCT cor in terms of mean and absolute errors (ME and MAE) for the eight evaluation patients (not included in the network training). Volumetric modulated arc photon therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans were generated on CBCT cor . Dose was recalculated on CBCT ScatterNet to evaluate its dosimetric accuracy. Single-field uniform dose proton plans were utilized for proton range comparison of CBCT ScatterNet and CBCT cor . RESULTS The CBCT ScatterNet showed no cupping artifacts and a considerably smaller MAE and ME with respect to CBCT cor than the uncorrected CBCT (on average 144 Hounsfield units (HU) vs 46 HU for MAE and 138 HU vs -3 HU for ME). The pass-rates using a 2% dose-difference criterion at 50% dose cut-off, were close to 100% for the VMAT plans of all patients when comparing CBCT ScatterNet to CBCT cor . For IMPT plans pass-rates were clearly lower, ranging from 15% to 81%. Proton range differences of up to 5 mm occurred. CONCLUSIONS Using a deep convolutional neural network for CBCT intensity correction was shown to be feasible in the pelvic region for the first time. Dose calculation accuracy on CBCT ScatterNet was high for VMAT, but unsatisfactory for IMPT. With respect to the reference technique (CBCT cor ), the neural network enabled a considerable increase in speed for intensity correction and might eventually allow for on-the-fly shading correction during CBCT acquisition.
Prion-based nanomaterials and their emerging applications

ABSTRACT Protein misfolding and aggregation into highly ordered fibrillar structures have been traditionally associated with pathological processes. Nevertheless, nature has taken advantage of the particular properties of amyloids for functional purposes, like in the protection of organisms against environmental changing conditions. Over the last decades, these fibrillar structures have inspired the design of new nanomaterials with intriguing applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, adhesive materials, biodegradable nanocomposites, nanowires or biosensors. Prion and prion-like proteins, which are considered a subclass of amyloids, are becoming ideal candidates for the design of new and tunable nanomaterials. In this review, we discuss the particular properties of this kind of proteins, and the current advances on the design of new materials based on prion sequences.