Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyse von sozialen Informationen für Autorenempfehlungen

Kollaborationen mit Kollegen sind für fast alle Wissenschaftler bedeutend. Forscher bauen sich im Laufe ihrer Karriere ein soziales Netzwerk mit Kontakten zu anderen Wissenschaftlern mit ähnlichen Interessen und Forschungsschwerpunkten auf. Ein Empfehlungssystem könnte einer Person dabei helfen, geeignete Kollegen und neue Kooperationspartner zu finden. Für einen Wissenschaftler ist seine Reputation sehr wichtig, die mit Zitationsund Referenzdaten analysiert werden kann. Solche Daten können dazu dienen, Cluster mit ähnlichen Forschern zu ermitteln, die wiederum für ein Empfehlungssystem verwendet werden können. Darüber hinaus enthalten neue Dienste des sozialen Webs, wie SocialBookmarking-Systeme, weitere Informationen über Wissenschaftler, auf Basis derer Personenvorschläge gemacht werden können. Im Folgenden wird ein Versuch beschrieben, verschiedene soziale Informationen über Wissenschaftler zu nutzen, um diesen relevante Kooperationspartner vorzuschlagen.
Manipulating the jasmonate response: How do methyl jasmonate additions mediate characteristics of aboveground and belowground mutualisms?

Summary 1. Plants use a range of sophisticated strategies to protect themselves against herbivores and pathogens, such as the production of jasmonates, a group of plant hormones that prime the plant’s defense system upon attack. However, defense-related mechanisms, such as the jasmonate response, play a more diverse role than previously appreciated. Jasmonates also regulate key mutualist relationships, leading to a suit of potential conflicting selection pressures as a single response is employed to mediate multiple species interactions. 2. Here, we experimentally manipulate the host’s jasmonate response and document the impact on two key plant mutualisms: (i) changes to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts belowground (ii) modifications to floral traits affecting pollinator mutualists aboveground. By exogenously applying a range of methyl jasmonate solutions to cucumber plant roots grown with and without mycorrhizal fungi, we are able to examine the potential costs of the jasmonate response to both above and belowground mutualists. 3. We demonstrate that the negative effect of jasmonates on floral traits depends on whether the plant is mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal. Mycorrhization had a positive effect on floral traits, but benefits were lost with jasmonate application. While low levels of jasmonate decreased floral traits, these same jasmonate levels increased colonization by the mycorrhizal symbiont threefold, but only under high phosphorus conditions. 4. Our results highlight potential conflicts for the host in the regulation of their mutualists under different conditions and suggest that the overall impact of the jasmonate response depends on the plant mycorrhizal status and its nutrient context. 5. These findings suggest that increasing the jasmonate response may lead to differential costs and benefits for plants and their mutualists, and highlight potential conflict in planta ,w ith mycorrhizal symbionts benefiting from intermediate levels of jasmonates while certain floral traits can be depressed at this same level.
Global Supply and Demand of Metals in the Future

This article is a short review on the subject of diminishing mineral resources in a world with increasing population. The concepts of reserves, resources, and life index are described. A forecast is made on the global consumption in the year 2050 of the metals iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). Evidence indicates that a physical depletion of metals does not occur (fixed stock paradigm) but certain metals will become too expensive to extract (opportunity cost paradigm). The future demand for cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se) is presented. Finally, some metals presently of great interest for mineral prospectors that may have an important role in the future society are presented.
Effect of hydrophilicity and agmatine modification on degradation of poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) hydrogels.

We synthesized positively charged biodegradable hydrogels with different poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) [P(PF-co-EG)] block copolymers and agmatine-modified poly(ethylene glycol)-tethered fumarate [Agm-PEGF] by radical crosslinking and investigated the effect of copolymer composition and agmatine modification on their degradation. Hydrogels were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 degrees C with periodic PBS changes. All hydrogels experienced a slight mass loss over 4 weeks, ranging from 10-20%. Hydrogels with a molar ratio of ethylene glycol repeating units to propylene fumarate repeating units (EG/PF) of 9.3 degraded faster than hydrogels with an EG/PF ratio of 0.6. Agmatine-modified hydrogels degraded faster than unmodified hydrogels. The weight swelling ratio of the hydrogels at pH 7 increased over 4 weeks while increases in the EG/PF ratio and agmatine modification showed greater swelling. After 2 weeks, degraded hydrogels swollen at pH 3 demonstrated significantly lower weight swelling ratios than at pH 5, 7, and 9. Our results suggest that the hydrophilicity of the P(PF-co-EG) copolymer and agmatine modification have a small effect on the degradation of P(PF-co-EG) hydrogels.
Consensus of a class of multi-agent systems based on directed graph: Fixed and switching topology

This paper investigates the consensus problem for a class of linear multi-agent systems based on directed graphs (not necessarily balanced graphs), and provides a kind of more general control protocols for the fixed and switching topologies, respectively. First, by decomposition of the state space, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the consensusability of the multi-agent systems with a fixed information topology under the general control protocol. Second, utilizing the obtained necessary and sufficient condition, a new algorithm is provided to find the final consensus state based on the given initial condition. Third, for the case of switching topology, a sufficient condition is proposed for the consensusability of multi-agent systems under the general control protocol, and it is shown that the state consensus can reach under the given conditions. Finally, several examples are studied with our presented method. Illustrative examples with simulations show that our method as well as control protocols work very well for the consensus problem of this class of linear multi-agent systems.
A deterministic algorithm for solving multistage stochastic programming problems

Multistage stochastic programming problems are an important class of optimisation problems, especially in energy planning and scheduling. These problems and their solution methods have been of particular interest to researchers in stochastic programming recently. Because of the large scenario trees that these problems induce, current solution methods require random sampling of the tree in order to build a candidate policy. Candidate policies are then evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. Under certain sampling assumptions, theoretical convergence is obtained almost surely. In practice, convergence of a given policy requires a statistical test and is only guaranteed at a given level of confidence. In this paper, we present a deterministic algorithm to solve these problems. The main feature of this algorithm is a deterministic path sampling scheme during the forward pass phase of the algorithm which is guaranteed to reduce the bound gap at all the nodes visited. Because policy simulation is no longer required, there is an improvement in performance over traditional methods for problems in which a high level of confidence is sought.
Prostacyclin Synthesis Is Stimulated by a Serum Factor Formed During Coagulation

Summary Fresh aortic rings incubated in serum produce more 6-oxo-PGF1α, the stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin, than in plasma or buffer. A method is described of recovering this stimulatory activity from a dialysate of serum, showing that the activity is due to a prostacyclin stimulating factor. This factor is formed during coagulation initiated by the intrinsic pathway but not by the extrinsic pathway or by thrombin. By contrast with a previously described plasma factor, the activity of the prostacy-clinstimulating factor in serum is not greater in serum from patients with renal failure than from healthy controls. The stimulating factor is antagonised by heparin, but differs in other ways from previously described platelet derived stimulating factor(s).
Propagation instabilities of high-intensity laser-produced electron beams.

Measurements of energetic electron beams generated from ultrahigh intensity laser interactions (I>10(19) W/cm(2)) with dense plasmas are discussed. These interactions have been shown to produce very directional beams, although with a broad energy spectrum. In the regime where the beam density approaches the density of the background plasma, we show that these beams are unstable to filamentation and "hosing" instabilities. Particle-in-cell simulations also indicate the development of such instabilities. This is a regime of particular interest for inertial confinement fusion applications of these beams (i.e., "fast ignition").
Neo-classical compounds in student writing: a corpus-based study

This article examines the use of neo-classical compounds (NCCs) in the British Academic Written English corpus (BAWE). Academic texts written by students from both English and other linguistic backgrounds, in three academic disciplines (English, Business Studies and Engineering) are studied, and the distribution of NCCs among these categories is discussed. It is shown that NCC distribution in the three disciplines differs considerably, and that native English speaker usage of NCCs is at variance with that of non-native speakers, but that usage among different L1 groups is fairly constant. A typology of NCCs is presented, to aid the analysis which follows. Implications of the study for English teaching are also presented.
Antibodies to glatiramer acetate do not interfere with its biological functions and therapeutic efficacy

G latiramer acetate (GA) previously known as C opolymer 1 (Cop 1), a synthetic amino acid copolymer, suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and shows a beneficial effect in relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis (MS). G A acts as a specific immunomodulator by binding to MHC C lass II molecules, inducing specific T suppressor (Ts) cells and interfering with T cell responses to myelin antigens. MS patients treated with GA developed GA reactive antibodies, which peaked at three months and decreased at six months. In order to find out whether anti-G A antibodies may neutralize the therapeutic effect of GA, we tested both polyclonal (mouse and human) and monoclonal G A specific antibodies for their ability to interfere with the biological activity of GA in several assay systems. None of the antibodies interfered with GA activities either in vitro (binding to MHC molecules and T cell stimulation) or in vivo (blocking of EAE). Furthermore, 53 samples of sera obtained from 34 MS patients that participated in the open label trial in Israel, and all developed G A specific antibodies, were tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferation response of GA specific Ts cell clone and to interfere with G A competitive inhibition of the response to peptide 84-102 of myelin basic protein (MBP). None of the sera inhibited and some even enhanced the in vitro activities of G A. Furthermore, representative MS sera with high titer of G A reactive antibodies did not neutralize the biological activities of G A and did not inhibit Th2 cytokine secretion by human G A specific clone. These results are consistent with the findings that the therapeutic effect of GA is not affected by GA reactive antibodies and is sustained upon long term treatment.
Multi-Agent Perception for Human/Robot Interaction: A Framework for Intuitive Trajectory Modification

Abstract : An application of distributed perception to a novel human/computer interface is presented. A multi-agent network has been applied to the task of modifying a robotic trajectory based on very sparse physical inputs from the user. The user conveys intentions by nudging the end effector, instrumented with a wrist force/torque sensor, in an intuitive manner. In response, each agent interprets these sparse inputs with the aid of a local, fuzzified, heuristic model of a particular parameter or trajectory shape. The agents then independently determine the confidence of their respective findings and distributed arbitration resolves the interpretation through voting.
A Reassessment of the Groundwater Inverse Problem

This paper presents a functional formulation of the groundwaterflow inverse problem that is sufficiently general to accommodate most commonly used inverse algorithms. Unknown hydrogeological properties are assumed to be spatial functions that can be represented in terms of a (possibly infinite) basis function expansion with random coefficients. The unknown parameter function is related to the measurements used for estimation by a ''forward operator'' which describes the measurement process. In the particular case considered here, the parameter of interest is the large-scale log hydraulic conductivity, the measurements are point values of log conductivity and piezometric head, and the forward operator is derived from an upscaled groundwaterflow equation. The inverse algorithm seeks the ''most probable'' or maximum a posteriori estimate of the unknown parameter function. When the measurement errors and parameter function are Gaussian and independent, the maximum a posteriori estimate may be obtained by minimizing a least squares performance index which can be partitioned into goodness-of- fit and prior terms. When the parameter is a stationary random function the prior portion of the performance index is equivalent to a regularization term which imposes a smoothness constraint on the estimate. This constraint tends to make the problem well- posed by limiting the range of admissible solutions. The Gaussian maximum a posteriori problem may be solved with variational methods, using functional generalizations of Gauss-Newton or gradient-based search techniques. Several popular groundwater inverse algorithms are either special cases of, or variants on, the functional maximum a posteriori algorithm. These algorithms differ primarily with respect to the way they describe spatial variability and the type of search technique they use (linear versus nonlinear). The accuracy of estimates produced by both linear and nonlinear inverse algorithms may be measured in terms of a Bayesian extension of the Cramer-Rao lower bound on the estimation error covariance. This bound suggests how parameter identifiability can be improved by modifying the problem structure and adding new measurements.
A variation-aware adaptive voltage scaling technique based on in-situ delay monitoring

In this paper, we present an adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) scheme to tune the supply voltage of digital circuits according to variations. Compared to worst-case designs, which produce fixed and excessively large safety margins, a considerable amount of energy can be saved by this approach. The AVS technique is based on in-situ delay monitoring, i.e. observing the timing in critical paths. For this task, we propose a Pre-Error flip-flop, that is capable of detecting late data transitions - so-called pre-errors. We provide an in-depth analysis, that is based on a Markov model, to describe the closed loop voltage regulation. We simulated the power saving potential compared to the worst-case design and obtained a reduction of 13.5% in active energy for a negligible error rate of 1E-15. Moreover, we illustrate the opportunity to further reduce the power consumption when tolerating higher error rates. This way, our approach can gain the optimal power saving for a given allowed failure probability.
Référence et aspectualité. Le problème des verbes dits aspectuels : Pragmatique de la référence temporelle

L'A. examine les verbes aspectuels, et notamment les modificateurs commencer et finir en relation avec les proprietes aspectuelles des noms et des complements verbaux qu'ils introduisent. En se concentrant sur la telicite (l'indication de la fin du proces impliquee par le proces lui-meme), il montre comment les restrictions sur les complements verbaux des verbes aspectuels peuvent etre representees. Il rejette l'hypothese selon laquelle les verbes aspectuels imposent a leurs complements des restrictions de selection portant sur les aspects, et analyse ces restrictions comme resultant du sens des verbes aspectuels, c-a-d comme un effet de la maniere dont ils construisent la reference a des evenements
What Do Test Scores Miss? The Importance of Teacher Effects on Non–Test Score Outcomes

Teachers affect a variety of student outcomes through their influence on both cognitive and noncognitive skill. I proxy for students’ noncognitive skill using non–test score behaviors. These behaviors include absences, suspensions, course grades, and grade repetition in ninth grade. Teacher effects on test scores and those on behaviors are weakly correlated. Teacher effects on behaviors predict larger impacts on high school completion and other longer-run outcomes than their effects on test scores. Relative to using only test score measures, using effects on both test score and noncognitive measures more than doubles the variance of predictable teacher impacts on longer-run outcomes.
In this Issue

An enterprise system constitutes one of the largest information technology (IT) investments in an organization. Despite extensive diffusion of enterprise systems in organizations, promoting enterprise system usage and comprehending its outcomes still remains a challenge for managers. Longitudinal studies to understand enterprise system adoption and usage are also limited. Saeed, Abdinnour, LengnickHall, and Lengnick-Hall address these issues by studying the factors that drive use of an enterprise system among employees and providing insights on enterprise system outcomes. In their article, they ground their work in technology acceptance model, models on post-adoption of information systems (IS) and theory of technology sense making. They find that employees view an enterprise system not only as a mechanism to enhance productivity but also as a tool that can help in identifying new ideas. In case of mandated systems such as an enterprise system, employee attitude is not only an important outcome at the pre-adoption stage, but also a critical driver of enterprise system outcomes at the post-adoption stage. The study cautions managers regarding lower productivity outcomes in the initial periods after enterprise system implementation. On the positive side, the results show that an enterprise system can enhance shared understanding among employees leading to capability development within the organization. The study offers an interesting portrait of how employee perceptions regarding an enterprise system evolve over time. Along with providing insights to managers on effective implementation of enterprise systems, this research opens new directions for researchers interested in comprehensive IS implementation models, which is an important mission of Decision Sciences.
Control of Neuronal Output by Inhibition at the Axon Initial Segment

We examine the effect of inhibition on the axon initial segment (AIS) by the chandelier (axoaxonic) cells, using a simplified compartmental model of actual pyramidal neurons from cat visual cortex. We show that within generally accepted ranges, inhibition at the AIS cannot completely prevent action potential discharge: only small amounts of excitatory synaptic current can be inhibited. Moderate amounts of excitatory current always result in action potential discharge, despite AIS inhibition. Inhibition of the somadendrite by basket cells enhances the effect of AIS inhibition and vice versa. Thus the axoaxonic cells may act synergistically with basket cells: the AIS inhibition increases the threshold for action potential discharge, the basket cells then control the suprathreshold discharge.
Implications of the Definition of an Episode of Care Used in the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Model

Importance Under the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, hospitals are held accountable for nearly all Medicare payments that occur during the initial hospitalization until 90 days after hospital discharge (ie, the episode of care). It is not known whether unrelated expenditures resulting from this “broad” definition of an episode of care will affect participating hospitals’ average episode-of-care payments. Objective To compare the CJR program’s broad definition of an episode of care with a clinically narrow definition of an episode of care. Design, Setting, and Participants We identified Medicare claims for 23 251 patients in Michigan who were Medicare beneficiaries and who underwent joint replacement during the period from 2011 through 2013 at hospitals located in metropolitan statistical areas. Using specifications from the CJR model and the clinically narrow Hospital Compare payment measure, we constructed episodes of care and calculated 90-day episode payments. We then compared hospitals’ average 90-day episode payments using the 2 definitions of an episode of care and fit linear regression models to understand whether payment differences were associated with specific hospital characteristics (average Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services–hierarchical condition categories risk score, rural hospital status, joint replacement volume, percentage of Medicaid discharges, teaching hospital status, number of beds, percentage of joint replacements performed on African American patients, and median income of the hospital’s county). We performed analyses from July 1 through October 1, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures The correlation and difference between average 90-day episode payments using the broad definition of an episode of care in the CJR model and the clinically narrow Hospital Compare definition of an episode of care. Results We identified 23 251 joint replacements (ie, episodes of care). The 90-day episode payments using the broad definition of the CJR model ranged from $17 349 to $29 465 (mean [SD] payment, $22 122 [$2600]). Episode payments were slightly lower (mean payment, $21 670) when the Hospital Compare definition was used. Both methods were strongly correlated (r = 0.99, P < .001). The average payment difference between these 2 types of episodes of care was small (mean [SD], $452 [$177]; range, $73-$1006). In our multivariable analysis, we found that the hospital characteristics examined had a minimal impact or no impact on the payment differential. Conclusions and Relevance The average 90-day episode payments determined by both definitions of an episode of care were strongly correlated, and there was a small payment differential for most hospitals. In the context of joint replacement bundled payments, these data suggest that hospital performance will be consistent whether a broad or clinically narrow definition of an episode of care is used.
Micro/nano-sized diamond particles on Ni-columns for grinding application prepared by micro fabrication

Micro/nano fabrication was employed in the fabrication of diamond conditioners. Diamond-nickel composite was utilized for fabricating columnar cutting tips and compared to those fabricated by the brazing connective approach. This technique can produce diamond conditioners with improved uniformity in both the distribution and protrusion control of Ni/diamond column array. The Ni/diamond column is efficient to share the applied load and also extends tool's life during polishing. This approach has the potential to considerably integrate the nanofabrication process and assembly of nano-diamond particles on adaptive substrates, allowing for the grinding by local nano-diamond particles to form a uniform layer on a 3D integrated circuit (IC) chip.