Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marine dispersal determines the genetic population structure of migratory stream fauna of Puerto Rico: evidence for island-scale population recovery processes

Abstract Various components of island stream faunas, including caridean shrimps, fish, and gastropods, undertake obligate amphidromous migration, whereby larvae are released in upstream freshwater reaches, drift downstream to estuaries or marine waters, then migrate upstream as postlarvae to freshwater adult habitats. Longitudinal migration from estuaries to headwaters is well documented for many amphidromous species, but the degree of among-river marine dispersal is poorly known for most species. We need better understanding of the potential for marine dispersal in population processes of amphidromous species, particularly recolonization and population recovery in impacted lotic systems, such as those on Puerto Rico, because some theories of dispersal for species with marine larvae predict high rates of self-recruitment. We tested population genetic predictions for widespread marine larval dispersal and self-recruitment to the natal river for 11 amphidromous species, including shrimps, fish, and a gastropod, in Puerto Rico. Population genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA data showed high rates of gene flow among rivers and indicated that marine dispersal determines the population genetic structure of all 11 species. Difficulty in recruiting to oceanic currents promotes closed population structures in some marine species, but larvae of amphidromous species entrained in downstream river flow might be delivered more readily to ocean currents. Population recovery processes occurred at the island scale rather than at the river scale, but further studies are needed to identify whether population recovery processes are likely at larger spatial scales (e.g., among islands). River management strategies should maintain environmental flows that allow larval export, maintain longitudinal dispersal pathways over dam spillways and via subterranean passages, and maintain open and healthy estuaries.
National estimates of the recreational value of streamflow

This paper presents one practical method of valuing the recreational fishing benefits generated by a unit of water as it moves downstream. A cross-sectional analysis is employed to estimate the change in individuals' fishing behavior due to a change in availability of fishery resources. A proxy for the availability of stream fishery resources is derived from the link between changes in streamflow consumption to changes in the quality of fishing downstream. The results show that marginal increases in streamflow can generate recreational benefits that exceed the marginal value of water in agriculture in some regions of the country.
The WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on a Microarray (WISDOM) and application for ambient dust

The WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on Microarray (WISDOM) is a new setup for studying ice nucleation in an array of monodisperse droplets for atmospheric implications. WISDOM combines microfluidics techniques for droplets production and a cryo-optic stage for observation and characterization of freezing events of individual droplets. This setup is designed to explore heterogeneous ice nucleation in the immersion freezing mode, down to the homogeneous freezing of water (235 K) in various cooling rates (typically 0.1–10 K min −1 ). It can also be used for studying homogeneous freezing of aqueous solutions in colder temperatures. Frozen fraction, ice nucleation active surface site densities and freezing kinetics can be obtained from WISDOM measurements for hundreds of individual droplets in a single freezing experiment. Calibration experiments using eutectic solutions and previously studied materials are described. WISDOM also allows repeatable cycles of cooling and heating for the same array of droplets. This paper describes the WISDOM setup, its temperature calibration, validation experiments and measurement uncertainties. Finally, application of WISDOM to study the ice nucleating particle (INP) properties of size-selected ambient Saharan dust particles is presented.
Learning To Sew on a Button by Reading a Procedural Text. Technical Report No. 543.

Two studies examined the validity of a model of procedural document processing, and the relationships among document features, reader characteristics, and successful completion of a button-sewing task. The first study tested three information sources. Subjects were 12 seventh-grade, 12 tenth-grade, and 12 adult students who used 2 commercially published texts and 1 experimental text. The experimental text helped older subjects perform better; adult students perfuLmed best overall. The second study tested instructions written to encourage more self-testing and self-correcting. Subjects were 105 high school students. Amounts of self-correcting were increased, but overeal button-sewing quality did not improve significantly. Effec:s of the experimental text features were not significant, but analyses of regression performed on the without-instruction button-sewing scores, sewing improvement scores, sewing time, and number of corrections revealed significant effects from gender, grade level, reading ability, coordination, prior experience, and sewing time. (Five figures of data are included; the button-sewing texts, rating scales, and 112 references are attached.) (Author/RS) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF READING Technical Report No. 543 LEARNING TO SEW ON A BUTTON BY READING A PROCEDURAL TEXT Catherine A. Burnham Eastern Illinois University Charleston Thomas H. Anderson University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign December 1991 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 51 Gerty Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820 U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ot/Ke of Educational Research and improyemeni EDUCAT'ONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it r Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or Opinions slated in this docu men! do no! necessarily represent official OE RI Position or policy The work upon which this publication was based was supported in part by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement under Cooperative Agreement No. G0087-C1001-90 with the Reading Research and Education Center. The publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency supporting the research.
Input–output analysis, model reduction and control of the flat-plate boundary layer

The dynamics and control of two-dimensional disturbances in the spatially evolving boundary layer on a flat plate are investigated from an input–output viewpoint. A set-up of spatially localized inputs (external disturbances and actuators) and outputs (objective functions and sensors) is introduced for the control design of convectively unstable flow configurations. From the linearized Navier–Stokes equations with the inputs and outputs, controllable, observable and balanced modes are extracted using the snapshot method. A balanced reduced-order model (ROM) is constructed and shown to capture the input–output behaviour of the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. This model is finally used to design a 2-feedback controller to suppress the growth of two-dimensional perturbations inside the boundary layer.
0 5 0 9 1 3 3 v 1 2 0 S ep 2 0 0 5 Joint measurements and Bell inequalities

Joint quantum measurements of non-commuting observables are possible, if one accepts an increase in the measured variances. A necessary condition for a joint measurement to be possible is that a joint probability distribution exists for the measurement. This fact suggests that there may be a link with Bell inequalities, as these will be satisfied if and only if a joint probability distribution for all involved observables exists. We investigate the connections between Bell inequalities and conditions for joint quantum measurements to be possible. Mermin’s inequality for the threeparticle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state turns out to be equivalent to the condition for a joint measurement on two out of the three quantum systems to exist. Gisin’s Bell inequality for three co-planar measurement directions, meanwhile, is shown to be less strict than the condition for the corresponding joint measurement.
The symbiotic effect of Piriformospora indica on induced resistance against bakanae disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The root endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, colonizes roots of a large number of plant species including Cereals and Brasicaceae. There are several reports indicating that P. indica protects roots from different path- ogens. In the present study, rice plants were pre-inoculated with P. indica and were subsequently infected with Fusarium proliferatum, as the causal agent of root rot and crown rot (Bakanae) disease. The effects of P. indica on the protection of rice plants against F. proliferatum were evaluated. Transcription levels of some pathogenesis-related genes such as NPR1, PR1, PR4 and PR5, as well as two transcriptional factor genes namely WRKY62 and WRKY85 were quantified via quantitative real time PCR in rice roots. Pre-inoculated and challenged rice plants showed mild disease symptoms with two weeks delay compared to non P. indica colonized plants. Quantification of Fusarium in roots via q-PCR con- firmed the higher quantity of the fungi in non pre-inoculated plants. Expression analysis revealed a faster induction of pathogenesis related genes following F. proliferatum inoculation of pre-inoculated plants i.e. priming of these genes is a part of mechanism of P. indica induced systemic resistance.
A SYSTEM-ON-CHIP 1.5 GHz PHASE LOCKED LOOP REALIZED USING 40 nm CMOS TECHNOLOGY

This work presents the design and realization of a fully-integrated 1.5 GHz sigma-delta fractional-N ring-based PLL for system-on-chip (SoC) applications. Some design optimizations were conducted to improve the performance of each functional block such as phase frequency detector (PFD), voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), filter and charge pump (CP) and so as for the whole system. In particular, a time delay circuit is designed for overcoming the blind zone in the PFD; an operational amplifierfeedback structure was used to eliminate the current mismatch in the CP, a 3rd LPF is used for suppressing noises and a current overdrive structure is used in VCO design. The design was realized with a commercial 40 nm CMOS process. The core die sized about 0.041 mm2. Measurement results indicated that the circuit functions well for the locked range between 500 MHz to 1.5 GHz.
Luther's Liturgical Music: Principles and Implications

Luther's Liturgical Music: Principles and Implications by Robin A. Leaver. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans, 2007. 485+xiv pp. ISBN 13: 978-0-8028-3221-4. U.K. £17.99; U.S. $32.00. This book is the result of a lifetime of labors exploring the musical aspects of the Lutheran Reformation, and in its depth and precision it goes far beyond anything heretofore written on the subject. Fourteen of its 18 chapters have previously appeared in whole or in part as articles in the journal Lutheran Quarterly and three in other publications, with only the introductory chapter entirely new. Although in many books such disparate origins might result in a choppy progression of thought, here the author's subsequent revisions have molded the independent articles into a reasonably coherent whole. Previous studies in English of Luther and music have relied almost entirely on German-language sources even though many of the reformer's own writings are in Latin. Leaver's book remedies this, and the result is a picture of Luther informed by a plethora of largely unfamiliar documents. Especially in the chapter on Luther as musician, the documents are welded together into a compelling narrative. In contrast to the popular image of Luther as a musical dilettante, Leaver demonstrates convincingly that Luther was, in fact, quite an accomplished musician surrounded throughout his life by music of high quality, an image that is confirmed by Luther's contemporaries. In the area of liturgy, Leaver takes issue with the notion, not uncommon among liturgical scholars, that Luther lacked the historical and liturgical sensibilities needed to produce a mass order that adequately reflected Christian tradition. In particular, questions have been raised as to whether it was necessary for Luther in his Deutsche Messe to remove completely the traditional canon, or eucharistie prayer. Leaver here takes the minority position (shared by Bryan Spinks and Oliver Olson, among others) that any sort of eucharistie prayer would compromise the doctrine of justification by grace alone. Whether one agrees with his conclusion or not, the evidence Leaver presents must at least be considered. Much of what Leaver presents will be familiar to scholars, but here it is made accessible to a less erudite audience. A theme running throughout the book is the idea that Luther intended church music, especially his hymns, to be catechetical; that is, it serves to teach the faith. …
Self-mixing as a means of spectral characterisation of a Terahertz QCL

Fast, sensitive and compact coherent systems for imaging and interferometry can be developed through the use of a single terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser (QCL) device as both emitter and detector in a self-mixing (SM) scheme [1]. Here, radiation re-injected to the laser cavity interferes (‘mixes’) with the intra-cavity electric field, causing small variations in the fundamental laser parameters [2]. Of particular importance is the voltage perturbation induced by optical feedback. This can be used as a method of measuring the self-mixing effect through monitoring the terminal voltage of the device, and is dependent on the external cavity length and lasing frequency. As such, interferometric fringes can be acquired in a SM system by simply changing the external cavity length. In this work we demonstrate the use of SM interferometry for performing spectral characterisation of a multi-mode THz QCL in a scheme that offers much reduced experimental complexity, compared with typical Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) systems.
DEFORMATIONS OF A-FIBRATIONS

Let B be an integral domain which is finitely generated over a subdomain R and let D be an R-derivation on B such that the induced derivation Dm on B⊗R R/m is locally nilpotent for every maximal ideal m. We ask if D is locally nilpotent. Theorem 1.1 asserts that this is the case if B and R are affine domains. We next generalize the case of Ga-action treated in Theorem 1.1 to the case of A-fibrations and consider the log deformations of affine surfaces with A-fibrations. The case of A-fibrations of affine type behaves nicely under log deformations, while the case of A-fibrations of complete type is more involved (see DuboulozKishimoto [3]). As a corollary, we prove the generic triviality of A-fibration over a curve and generalize this result to the case of affine pseudo-planes.
Adolescent Alcohol Consumption: Brain Health Outcomes

Adolescents consume alcohol in moderation mainly to enjoy and enhance mood but adolescents also drink hazardously, e.g. to cope with stressful life events. Drinking hazardously may be related to the developing adolescent brain going through a number of structural and physiological changes. These structural and physiological changes affect adolescent behavior aimed at gaining experience in life. Adolescent drinking patterns vary and may include risky behaviors such as binge drinking. Motivations to drink and risk factors for binge drinking and alcohol abuse are both internal and external. Internal risk factors include amongst others genetic predisposition to have less self-control, whereas external risk factors includes early life stress. Integrative approaches underline the value of multi-domain analysis for prediction; any one feature in isolation only modestly predicts drinking behavior. Health consequences of drinking vary widely depending on dose and drinking pattern. Moderate alcohol drinking may be associated with a lower incidence of chronic disease and mental health, whereas alcohol binging and abuse appear to negatively affect social functioning mainly in the short term and mental and physical health in the long term. Resilience towards behaving non responsibly may best prevent alcohol abuse and stimulate enjoyment of moderate alcohol consumption. Limitations in current knowledge concern the interpretation of alcohol drinking being the cause for adolescent risky behavior, generalizability of findings on abusing adolescents to the general population and insufficient knowledge of relevant covariates and mediators.
A Study on Different Topologies of the Tubular Linear Permanent Magnet Motor Designed for Linear Reciprocating Compressor Applications

─ This paper presents a study on three different topologies of tubular linear permanent magnet motors (TLPMMs), with different permanent magnet (PM) structures. These motors provide direct conversion for electrical energy into a linear mechanical force, and they are directly coupled to the load. The proposed motors are equipped with quasi-Halbach magnetized moving-magnet armatures and their stator cores have been made from a soft magnetic composite (SMC) material, Somaloy 700. Based on the nonlinear time-stepping two-dimensional finite-element analysis (2-D FEA) an extensive magnetic field analysis of the proposed designs has been established. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the designs to drive a linear reciprocating compressor in a household refrigerator. Moreover, the simulation results have shown that, the superiority of the two designs with T-shaped and trapezoidal-shaped PMs structures over the TLPMM with conventional rectangular-shaped PMs. In addition to that, the usage of quasi-Halbach for the PMs array arrangement has a significant effect on the motor performance. Index Terms ─ Finite-element analysis, magnetic field distribution, quasi-Halbach, soft magnetic composite material, tubular linear permanent magnet motor.
Testing for delayed mortality effects in the early marine life history of Columbia River Basin yearling Chinook salmon

Juvenile Snake River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha pass through 8 ma- jor hydroelectric dams during their >700 km migration to the sea, or are transported downriver to avoid these dams. Both of these anthropogenic processes may decrease fitness and lead to delayed mortality in the estuary and coastal ocean, and thus reduce the rate at which adults return to spawn. Using a large-scale telemetry array, we tested whether there was support for (1) hydrosystem- induced delayed mortality (hydro-DM) of yearlings migrating from the Snake River relative to year- lings migrating from the mid-Columbia River, and (2) transportation-induced delayed mortality (transport-DM) for transported Snake River yearlings relative to yearlings which migrated in-river. We also tested for differential early marine survival between yearlings migrating from the Snake and upper Columbia Rivers. In 2010, seaward migrating yearling Chinook were captured at dam bypasses and origin was based on capture location; in 2011, dam-caught fish were identified using genetic stock identification. Survival of all groups during the initial 750 km, >1 mo long migration through the estuary and coastal ocean to northwestern Vancouver Island ranged between 14 and 19% in 2010 and was lower in 2011 (1.5�8%). We found no support for hydro-DM, as survival of in- river migrating Snake and mid-Columbia River yearlings was indistinguishable. We found mixed results for our transportation study, with no support for transport-DM in 2010, and weak support in 2011. Our study provides further evidence that freshwater management strategies may not increase the rate of Chinook salmon returning to the Snake River if prior freshwater experience has no substantial influence on subsequent survival in the ocean.
Parental influence on substance use among young people in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria

The aim of this study was to assess the pattern and compare the rates of substance use in parents of children with substance use disorders in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Between January 2009 and December 2011, a total of 528 participants, comprising 255 fathers of children with substance use-related problems (study group) and 273 fathers of children without problems (comparison group) attending the Psychiatric Unit of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, were assessed, using a modified form of a 117-item self-report instrument based on the World Health Organization’s guidelines for students’ substance use surveys. The demographic characteristics of the respondents were similar. Locally available substances including alcohol were used more frequently than illicit substances by both groups. Possible reasons for using these substances included ready availability, unidentified personal problems, performance enhancement and unemployment. Substance use is on the increase in our environment and this may be attributable to environmental pressures and weak parental discipline. Key Words : Parental influence, children, substance use, Niger Delta region
Genetic Effect of IGF1, PIT1 and Leptin Genes on Wool Weights in Makooei Sheep

The study of candidate genes, based on physiological results, is a critical tool to detect genes to be applied in marker-assisted choice processes. On the topic of sheep gene polymorphism knowledge the ovine IGF1, PIT-1, Leptin genes was analyzed as a probable genetic marker for growth characteristics in sheep. In the checked Makui sheep population, definitive calculational results demonstrated that the IGF1, PIT-1, Leptin genes great position in wool1 weight. Measurement of associations between genotypes as well as wool weights was performed with 100 tests. The measurement of a relation between these SSCP models with wool1 (A Fleece mass at lifetime), wool2 (Wool mass dual years of lifetime), wool3 (Fleece mass at three years of lifetime), wool4 (Fleece mass at four years of lifetime) showed a certain aftereffect of the entire models with wool1 mass in one year (A fleece mass at lifetime). Individuals with the L4, P4 additionally I2 of Leptin, PIT1 also IGF1, genes had a dominance wool1 mass (A fleece mass at lifetime) when contrasted to those of individuals with extraneousness genotypes. In addition the affects showed L3, P2 and I3 had mark down wool1(A fleece mass at lifetime) mass specialization when contrasted to those of individuals with difference genotypes. In the end, these events demonstrate that wool weights later one year of lifetime may be mainly influenced surrounding agents like Nutrition.