Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Carrier Modulation and Sampling Issues of Matrix Converters

Although the modulation of AC-AC matrix converters using space vector theory has long been established, their carrier-based modulation principles have only recently attracted some attention. Reasons commonly stated for evaluating the carrier-based alternative include simpler converter control because of its inherent autosequencing process, and easier implementation using fast on-chip timers embedded in most modern digital signal processors. Motivated by these likely merits, which have previously been proven for DC-AC inverters, an investigation is now pursued here to develop appropriate digital carrier modulation schemes for controlling conventional (direct) and indirect matrix converters with minimized semiconductor commutation count and smooth sextant transitions with no erroneous states produced. For guaranteeing the latter two features, correct digital sampling instants and state sequence reversal must be chosen appropriately, as demonstrated in the paper for the two different topological options, which, to date, have not yet been discussed in the existing literature. To validate the concepts discussed, experimental testing on the implemented conventional and indirect matrix laboratory prototypes was performed with their respective results captured and presented in the paper for visual confirmation.
High Throughput FPGA Based Architecture for H. 264/AVC Inverse Transforms and Quantization

This paper presents the design, the validation and the prototyping of a H.264/AVC inverse transform and quantization architecture. This architecture was designed to reach high throughputs and to be easily integrated with other H.264/AVC modules. The architecture was completely described in VHDL and the VHDL code was behaviorally and post place-and-route validated through simulations, comparing the data generated by the architecture with the data extracted from the H.264/AVC reference software. Finally, the architecture was prototyped using a Digilent XUP V2P board that contains a Virtex-II Pro VP30 Xilinx FPGA. The architecture mapped to the target FPGA was stimulated in the prototyping board using a PowerPC processor that is hardwired in that FPGA. The prototype was validated and the results show that the designed architecture was working in accordance with the H.264/AVC standard. The post place-and-route synthesis results indicate that the global architecture is able to process 132 million of samples per second, allowing its use in H.264/AVC coders and decoders for HDTV.
Use of cytokines in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia: a critical review.

PURPOSE The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) have been evaluated in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), both as potential priming agents and during and/or following induction chemotherapy to shorten the period of myelosuppression. The purpose of this review is to evaluate critically the safety and efficacy of the CSFs, primarily granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), in the treatment of patients with AML. METHODS All phase III trials that have either been presented or published that used CSFs during and/or following induction chemotherapy in patients with de novo AML are discussed. Relevant background information and future directions are also addressed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There have been six phase III trials that used either GM-CSF or G-CSF in induction therapy in patients with AML. It is difficult to compare these trials due to differences in patient age, induction therapy administered, disease characteristics, whether leukemia response or documentation of marrow hypoplasia was required before cytokine use, and the different cytokines administered during the study. In particular, the timing of CSF administration in relation to the chemotherapy may be important due to the different biologic effects these agents may have on leukemia cells, such as leukemia cell recruitment. Most of these studies administered either GM-CSF or G-CSF before or during induction therapy, as well as following completion of chemotherapy until neutrophil recovery. Only one of six trials required documentation of marrow hypoplasia before CSF use. Despite these differences, administration of either GM-CSF or G-CSF was found to be safe without an increase in acute toxicity or an increase in relapse rates. In addition, most trials demonstrated a significant improvement in neutrophil recovery, with several trials demonstrating an improvement in complete remission and overall survival rates. Therefore, the use of selected CSFs may be of benefit following induction chemotherapy in those patients with AML who are at increased risk for early morbidity and mortality.
The junction of the nasal cavity and the pharyngeal tube in the rat.

IN THE COURSE of examinations of serial sections of the nasal passages of the rat, some peculiarities were noted, of which no reports have been discovered. These peculiarities are (1) a communication between the right and the left half of the nasal cavity at the choanal end of the respiratory part and (2) certain conditions at and near the junction of the nasal cavity and the pharyngeal tube. MATERIAL AND METHODS The heads of 40 young rats were examined. The animals, of different strains and of both sexes, ranged in age up to 100 days. Their weight averaged 210 Gm. , with limits of 82 to 295 Gm. After decapitation, the heads were preserved in a solution of formaldehyde, U.S.P., diluted 1 to 10, for periods up to four weeks. Nitric, trichloroacetic or formic acid was used for decalcification. After the specimens had been embedded in paraffin, the frontal sections were
Dual-injection sub-harmonic injection-locked frequency tripler

This paper presents a sub-harmonic injection-locked frequency tripler. This injection-locked frequency tripler was implemented with TSMC 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS process. The feature of the proposed circuit employs the way of the dual-injection to lock the triple-frequency signal with higher output power. The available output power after the buffer stage of 0.6 dB gain is -2.88 dBm. The power consumption of the core circuit takes 9.22 mW from a 1.8 V power supply. The measured locking range is from 21.38 GHz to 23.37 GHz.
Evaluation of the chronic disease management program for appropriateness of medication adherence and persistence in hypertension and type-2 diabetes patients in Korea

Abstract The chronic disease management program (CDMP), a multilevel intervention including copayment reduction and physician incentives, was introduced in 2012 in Korea to improve blood pressure and glycemic control by strengthening the function of clinic as primary care institutions in managing hypertension and diabetes. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the effect of CDMP on the appropriateness of medication adherence and persistence in hypertension or type-2 diabetes patients. A pre-post retrospective study was conducted using claims cohort data from 2010 to 2013. Hypertension or type-2 diabetes patients were selected as the CDMP group, while dyslipidemia patients were the control group. Study groups were further categorized as clinic shifters or non-shifters on the basis of whether hospital use changed to clinic use during the study period. Pre-post changes in adherence and persistence were assessed. Adherence was measured by medication possession ratio (MPR) and categorized as under (<0.8), appropriate (0.8–1.1), and over-adherence (>1.1). Persistence was measured by 12-month cumulative persistence rate. The pre-post change was significantly improved for appropriate-adherence (hypertension, +6.0%p; diabetes, +6.1%p), 12-month cumulative persistence (hypertension, +6.5%p; diabetes, +10.8%p), and over-adherence (hypertension, −5.3%p; diabetes, −2.8%p) only among the shifters in the CDMP group. Among these, patients visiting the same, single clinic showed a significant increase in appropriate-adherence, whereas those who changed their clinics showed a nonsignificant increase. No significant improvement was verified among the non-shifters in the CDMP group. CDMP improved medication adherence and persistence by significantly increasing appropriate-adherence and 12-month cumulative persistence rate in hypertension and type-2 diabetes patients. Particularly, CDMP significantly improved over-adherence, which was associated with increasing healthcare costs and hospitalization risk.
Macrophage deficiency of Akt2 reduces atherosclerosis in Ldlr null mice

Macrophages play crucial roles in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase B, is vital for cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Macrophages express three Akt isoforms, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, but the roles of Akt1 and Akt2 in atherosclerosis in vivo remain unclear. To dissect the impact of macrophage Akt1 and Akt2 on early atherosclerosis, we generated mice with hematopoietic deficiency of Akt1 or Akt2. After 8 weeks on Western diet, Ldlr−/− mice reconstituted with Akt1−/− fetal liver cells (Akt1−/−→Ldlr−/−) had similar atherosclerotic lesion areas compared with control mice transplanted with WT cells (WT→Ldlr−/−). In contrast, Akt2−/−→Ldlr−/− mice had dramatically reduced atherosclerotic lesions compared with WT→Ldlr−/− mice of both genders. Similarly, in the setting of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, Akt2−/−→Ldlr−/− mice had smaller aortic lesions compared with WT→Ldlr−/− and Akt1−/−→Ldlr−/− mice. Importantly, Akt2−/−→Ldlr−/− mice had reduced numbers of proinflammatory blood monocytes expressing Ly-6Chi and chemokine C-C motif receptor 2. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from Akt2−/− mice were skewed toward an M2 phenotype and showed decreased expression of proinflammatory genes and reduced cell migration. Our data demonstrate that loss of Akt2 suppresses the ability of macrophages to undergo M1 polarization reducing both early and advanced atherosclerosis.
Studies on antibody response and tolerance to E, coli K antigens in immunized rabbits and in children with urinary tract infection.

The K antibody response was studied in immunized rabbits and in children with urinary tract infection. Hyperimmunization of rabbits with K antigen-containing bacteria gave a relatively marked and regular antibody response with both β-mercaptoethanol sensitive and resistant antibodies. Purified K antigen only in a few animals gave very low K antibody titres. Tolerance induction in rabbits was possible using purified K antigen. In patients, K antibodies were very seldom demonstrated. Five occasions of pyelonephritis out of 9 in 8 patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by E. coli O6:K2a,2c or O6:K13 and only 2 patients out of 17 having K1-containing strains gave an antibody response to the K antigen although they all formed antibodies to the·antigen of the infecting bacteria. No K antibodies were found in patients with cystitis.
Molecular Characterization of Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV‐1) Isolated from Cattle Indicating No Specific Mutations Associated with the Interspecies Transmission

Interspecies trasmission of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV‐1) from horse to cattle was shown by Crandell et al. (1988). Specific mutations related to the transmission were studied by comparison of five EHV‐1 isolates in cattle (BH1247, 3M20‐3, G118, G1753, and 9BSV4) using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with added sequencing. G118 and 3M20–3 were the genome type EHV‐1 P, while G1753 was the genome type EHV‐1 B. BH1247 and 9BSV4 might be other genome types. We could not identify specific mutations related to the interspecies transmission.
On generating high quality tests for transition faults

In this work we propose a path-oriented test generation procedure called POTENT to generate high quality tests for transition faults. Both weak non-robust and strong non-robust tests can be generated by POTENT. We classify, transition fault tests into six types according to their activation and propagation methods. The basic idea of POTENT is to test a transition fault along a longest testable path passing through the fault site. For transition faults that are activated or propagated through multipaths, heuristics are proposed to maximize the propagation delay of the target fault. We also propose an efficient method to evaluate the quality of a given transition fault test set. Experimental results show that POTENT generates higher quality transition fault test sets than the conventional test generation method.
Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the rat: III. The posterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream and the lateral reticular and external cuneate nuclei

Sequential thymidine radiograms from rats injected on day E15 and killed thereafter at daily intervals up to day E22 were analyzed to trace the migratory routes and settling patterns of neurons of the lateral reticular nucleus and the external cuneate nucleus. The neurons of the lateral reticular and external cuneate nuclei originate in the primary precerebellar neuroepithelium at the same site as the inferior olivary neurons but follow a different migratory route. The labeled young neurons that are produced on day E15 (the last one‐third of the total) join the posterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream. The cells move circumferentially over the wall of the medulla in a ventral direction and by day E17 reach the midline and cross it beneath the inferior olive. The crossing cells apparently continue to migrate circumferentially on the opposite side. One complement of these cells begins to form a ventrolateral extramural condensation on day E19. By day E20 some cells begin to penetrate the parenchyma and settle as neurons of the lateral reticular nucleus. The settling of the lateral reticular neurons continues on the following day, and by day E22 all the cells destined for the lateral reticular nucleus have penetrated the parenchyma. A dorsomedial‐to‐ventrolateral neurogenetic gradient is indicated for the settling lateral reticular neurons.
Tagged image clustering via topic models

With the rapid growth of tagged images, researchers are now resorting to this high semantic textual information for image clustering, which has showed higher clustering performance compared with conventional methods using the low level visual features. However, how to bridge the gap between the semantic information and the visual information is still an open problem. In this paper, a novel topic model based framework is proposed for tagged image clustering, which consists of three steps. Firstly, the statistics between the visual features and the tag features are calculated to utilize the complementary characteristic between the two sources of information. Then the new tag feature embedded by visual information is extracted as the feature of images. Finally, typical topic model, i.e., Latent Dirichlet Allocation, is applied for image clustering. The proposed method can make full use of the tag and visual information for image clustering. Experimental results on two widely used datasets, i.e., Pascal VOC 2007 and NUS-WIDE Flickr databases, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The afferent connections and laminar distribution of cells in the cat striate cortex

A laminar distribution of different functional cell types in the striate cortex of the cat is drawn up from the visual responses of single cells recorded in 64 electrode penetrations in 38 cats. In summary, S cells were found to be concentrated in laminae 4 and 6; SH cells in laminae 2, 3 and 4; C cells in laminae 5 and lower 3; B cells in laminae 3 and upper 5 and cells with non‐oriented receptive fields in lamina 4.
THE EFFECT OF MULTIMODALITYAND 3D INTERACTION IN A VIRTUAL LABORATORY ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION

Virtual reality is the emerging technology in the field of education and many researchers have been attracted by the concept of virtual laboratory in which the students can perform their practical work the way they do in the actual laboratory. We developed a 3D interactive multimodal virtual chemistry laboratory (MMVCL) for high school level students. This paper describes the potential contribution of the MMVCL for the students’ learning improvement which is based on advanced 3D interaction interface and multimodality (audio and text information). The aim of MMVCL is to provide to students the detail information about the physical and chemical properties of chemical items and to simulate their chemistry experiments in a virtual environment. The system enhances the learning skill of students in chemistry education which is very useful for their exam scores improving. We evaluated the MMVCL by high school level students in two groups, which shows that the average learning of untrained student is 29.4% while that of trained students increased to 81.2%.
Naturheilverfahren bei funktionellen und psychovegetativen Störungen Schwerpunkt: Hydro- und Thermotherapie

Nach gegenwärtigem Verständnis und ICD-Klassifikation werden „funktionelle Störungen“ als „somatoforme autonome Funktionsstörungen“ angesehen und mit dem autonomen Nervensystem in Zusammenhang gebracht. Hierfür wären dann vorwiegend die psychosomatische Medizin und verwandte Fächer zuständig. Vergessen wird dabei, dass Naturheilverfahren vielfach über das vegetative Nervensystem an der Regulation gestörter Funktionen angreifen und die „Salutogenese“ durch milde, „natürliche“ Reize fördern. Damit sind sie ein rationaler Therapieansatz bei „funktionellen Störungen“. Ein Beispiel dafür ist die Hydround Thermotherapie. Sie dominiert in der Regulation gegenüber vielen anderen Regulationssystemen, so auch der HerzKreislauf-Regulation, und ist deshalb von besonderer Wirksamkeit. Als passive Therapieform droht sie aber ins Abseits zu geraten. Die vielfältigen Potenzen dieses alten und über Jahrhunderte entwickelten Therapieansatzes werden unter heutigen Gesichtspunkten betrachtet.
Abstractive Summarization for Amazon Reviews

This paper focuses on feed-forward neural network with attention-based encoder to solve the challenge of abstractive summarization. We also briefly explored the potential of attentive recurrent neural network and recurrent neural network encoder-decoder. Those models were originally proposed to solve similar tasks, such as news articles summarization and machine translation; we modify and extend them to the problem of product review summarization and evaluate their effectiveness using ROUGE and visual inspection of results. In the end, we find the results to be promising.
Molecular Evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus Ticks and Wild Animals in Austria

ABSTRACT Real-time PCR analysis of a groESL heat shock operon segment showed the presence of two genetic lineages of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus ticks as well as one variant in wild red and roe deer, the latter supposedly representing the natural reservoir of one variant of A. phagocytophilum.
Conventional frequency ultrasonic biomarkers of cancer treatment response in vivo.

BACKGROUND Conventional frequency quantitative ultrasound in conjunction with textural analysis techniques was investigated to monitor noninvasively the effects of cancer therapies in an in vivo preclinical model. METHODS Conventional low-frequency (∼7 MHz) and high-frequency (∼20 MHz) ultrasound was used with spectral analysis, coupled with textural analysis on spectral parametric maps, obtained from xenograft tumor-bearing animals (n = 20) treated with chemotherapy to extract noninvasive biomarkers of treatment response. RESULTS Results indicated statistically significant differences in quantitative ultrasound-based biomarkers in both low- and high-frequency ranges between untreated and treated tumors 12 to 24 hours after treatment. Results of regression analysis indicated a high level of correlation between quantitative ultrasound-based biomarkers and tumor cell death estimates from histologic analysis. Applying textural characterization to the spectral parametric maps resulted in an even stronger correlation (r (2) = 0.97). CONCLUSION The results obtained in this research demonstrate that quantitative ultrasound at a clinically relevant frequency can monitor tissue changes in vivo in response to cancer treatment administration. Using higher order textural information extracted from quantitative ultrasound spectral parametric maps provides more information at a high sensitivity related to tumor cell death.
Reevaluating the conceptual framework for applied research on host‐plant resistance

Applied research on host‐plant resistance to arthropod pests has been guided over the past 60 years by a framework originally developed by Reginald Painter in his 1951 book, Insect Resistance in Crop Plants. Painter divided the “phenomena” of resistance into three “mechanisms,” nonpreference (later renamed antixenosis), antibiosis, and tolerance. The weaknesses of this framework are discussed. In particular, this trichotomous framework does not encompass all known mechanisms of resistance, and the antixenosis and antibiosis categories are ambiguous and inseparable in practice. These features have perhaps led to a simplistic approach to understanding arthropod resistance in crop plants. A dichotomous scheme is proposed as a replacement, with a major division between resistance (plant traits that limit injury to the plant) and tolerance (plant traits that reduce amount of yield loss per unit injury), and the resistance category subdivided into constitutive/inducible and direct/indirect subcategories. The most important benefits of adopting this dichotomous scheme are to more closely align the basic and applied literatures on plant resistance and to encourage a more mechanistic approach to studying plant resistance in crop plants. A more mechanistic approach will be needed to develop novel approaches for integrating plant resistance into pest management programs.
Biotransformation and Biodegradation of Selected Nitroaromatics under Anaerobic Conditions

The fate of four nitroaromatic compounds (5‐nitrosalicylate, 5NSA; 4‐nitrobenzoate, 4NBc; 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, 2,4DNT; nitrobenzene, NB) was studied in 160 mL laboratory‐scale upward‐flow anaerobic sludge bed reactors supplied with a mixture of volatile fatty acids and/or glucose as electron donors. All the nitroaromatics were transformed stoichiometrically to their corresponding aromatic amines. After prolonged reactor operation, 5NSA and 4NBc were completely mineralized to CH4 and CO2, whereas 2,4DNT was partially transformed to a nonidentified and nondegradable metabolite. Batch nitro‐reduction experiments indicated that the position of the nitro group in relation to the other substituents in the aromatic ring plays a key role in the rate of the nitro‐group reduction. The results obtained indicate that certain nitroaromatic compounds can be completely mineralized and serve as a carbon and energy source for anaerobic bacteria.
Selective cytotoxic effects of low‐power laser irradiation on human oral cancer cells

Low‐power laser irradiation (LPLI) is known to regulate cell proliferation and migration in clinical use. Recent studies have shown that LPLI induces cell death in some certain types of cancer cell lines. However, the cytotoxic selectivity of LPLI for cancer cells is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects of LPLI in both human oral cancer OC2 cells and normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells.