Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detent Force Minimization of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Machines Using Subdomain Analytical Method Considering Auxiliary Teeth Configuration

This paper presents electromagnetic modeling and analysis of the detent force in a permanent magnet linear synchronous machine (PMLSM) according to auxiliary teeth configuration. Analytical solutions for magnetic fields generated by PMs are derived based on the Maxwell equation in terms of a 2-D Cartesian coordinate system. The magnetic vector potential of each subdomain (PM, air-gap, slot, and end region) is derived, and the field solution is obtained by applying the boundary and interface conditions between the subdomains. Based on the analytical solution, the magnetic force is derived by using the Maxwell stress tensor. All the analytical results were extensively validated using nonlinear finite-element analysis and experimental results. Using the proposed method, we investigated the influence of the machine parameters on the detent force. Therefore, the proposed method can be very useful in the initial design and optimization process of PMLSM for detent force analysis.
A novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, FYK-1388 suppresses tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis by human fibrosarcoma cell line.

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are likely to contribute to tumor cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Several MMP inhibitors have been developed, recently and their anti-tumor efficacy is being evaluated in clinical trials. FYK-1388 is a novel broad MMP inhibitor which blocks the activity of MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, -13 and -14 (MT-MMP-1). It is especially effective against MMP-2 and -9 more so than other MMP inhibitors such as Marimastat, Ro 32-3555 and D-2163. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of FYK-1388 using the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080. These cells produced MMP-2 and -9, which FYK-1388 inhibited at a dose of 10(-8) M. FYK-1388 at 0.2 mg/mouse/day significantly suppressed tumor growth when given by s.c. injection for 22 days, experimental lung metastasis after 5 days s.c. injection and also suppressed tumor-induced angiogenesis in the dorsal air sac assay after 7 days s.c. injection. In the MTT assay, FYK-1388 had no effect on the in vitro growth of HT-1080 cells. These results suggest that FYK-1388 possesses anti-tumor efficacy as a result of inhibiting angiogenesis through the suppression of MMP-2 and -9 activity.
Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of intestinal innervation in dogs with and without intussusception.

OBJECTIVE To assess viability of innervation in bowel segments appearing macroscopically viable from dogs with intussusception. ANIMALS 7 dogs without gastrointestinal dysfunction that had been euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study (control dogs) and 13 dogs with intussusception that underwent enterectomy and intestinal anastomosis (affected dogs). PROCEDURES A total of 31 samples of intestinal tissue were obtained from the control dogs; 28 samples were obtained from affected dogs during surgery. Samples were histologically and immunohistochemically prepared and subjectively scored for degree of vacuolization and staining, respectively. Other data collected included mean muscle cell density of circular and longitudinal muscular layers, ratio between areas of muscular layers, mean number of myenteric plexuses, mean ganglion cell density of myenteric plexuses, and degree of degeneration in neuronal plexuses as estimated through synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunoreactivity. RESULTS Mean muscle cell density of longitudinal muscular layers, ratio between areas of muscular layers, and synaptophysin immunoreactivity did not differ significantly between affected and control dogs; values of all other variables did. Correlations were evident between mean ganglion cell density in myenteric plexuses and mean muscle cell density in circular muscular layers, degree of neuronal degeneration in myenteric plexuses and NSE immunoreactivity, and degree of neuronal degeneration in myenteric plexuses and mean ganglion cell density of myenteric plexuses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Innervation may be impaired in bowel segments that appear macroscopically viable. Therefore, careful evaluation of preserved surgical margins during enterectomy and enteroanastomosis and monitoring of digestive function after surgery are important.
Novel compact EBG waveguide resonators in planar form

A novel compact waveguide resonator in planar form with EBG is presented in this paper. Dielectric-filled rectangular waveguide is fitted with periodical arrays of metal plates at its top and bottom surfaces. Periodic resonators are designed and simulated with a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz. Proposed structures are compact and perform a higher Q factor than their conventional waveguide planar counterparts. This is achieved by alternation of electromagnetic properties of the waveguide. A novel compact EBG-substrate bandpass filter in planar form demonstrates feasibility of the proposed resonators.
54  J pulses with 18  nm bandwidth from a diode-pumped chirped-pulse amplification laser system.

We report on results from the fully diode-pumped chirped-pulse amplification laser system Polaris. Pulses were amplified to a maximum energy of 54.2 J before compression. These pulses have a full width at half-maximum spectral bandwidth of 18 nm centered at 1033 nm and are generated at a repetition rate of 0.02 Hz. To the best of our knowledge, these are the most energetic broadband laser pulses generated by a diode-pumped laser system so far. Due to the limited size of our vacuum compressor, only attenuated pulses could be compressed to a duration of 98 fs containing an energy of 16.7 J, which leads to a peak power of 170 TW. These pulses could be focused to a peak intensity of 1.3×1021 W/cm2. Having an ultra-high temporal contrast of 1012 with respect to amplified spontaneous emission these laser pulses are well suited for high-intensity laser-matter experiments.
Use of collaboration assignments to support online learning communities

During the past few decades, increased use of information and communication technologies has led to educational innovations such as synchronous and asynchronous online collaboration tools and learning management systems. The range of information and communication technologies that are now available can support many types of collaboration that would have been previously impossible. Instructors can use information and communication technologies to facilitate collaboration that might not otherwise take place between on-campus and online learners, and between learners in different countries and universities. In collaborative learning environments, a community of inquiry supports student learning. Successful learning communities can increase learner motivation, facilitate deep learning, and reduce the potential isolation that online learners often experience. This paper provides an overview of relevant literature. The paper then outlines collaboration assignments that postgraduate students undertake in technical communication and instructional design courses. Many instructors are interested in developing their awareness of, and expertise in, innovative online teaching practices; to that end, this paper presents a number of teaching cases.
Integration vertrauter Merkmale als Gestaltungsprinzip für sichere Systeme (Integration of Familiar Characteristics as Design Principle for Secure Systems)

Die Bedeutung von für den Normalbenutzer bedienbaren Sicherheitswerkzeugen ist in Zeiten von E-Commerce groß. In diesem Artikel wird deshalb am Beispiel Signierwerkzeug der Einsatz vertrauter Merkmale als Gestaltungsprinzip für benutzbare Sicherheitswerkzeuge untersucht. Da die digitale Signatur als Äquivalent zur Unterschrift auf Papier gelten soll, sind als vertraute Merkmale der ortsunabhängige Einsatz und der Einsatz der eigenhändigen Unterschrift anzusehen. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch die Freischaltung der digitalen Signatur durch biometrische Unterschriftserkennungsverfahren auf mobilen vertrauenswürdigen Endgeräten sowohl die Benutzbarkeit gesteigert wird als auch bestehende Sicherheitslücken vermieden werden.
Complex partial seizures

Videotape analysis of 163 complex partial seizures in 40 patients showed that the mean duration of the attack was 128 seconds. Automatisms occurred in 159 seizures (97%) and involved more than the face and arms in 132 (80%). Most automatisms were simple, stereotypic, or aimless movements. Postural tone increased in 24 seizures and decreased in 62. Clonic movements of the eyelids occurred in 19 attacks, and clonic movements of the extremities in 4. Only nine patients reported auras. Distinct ictal and postictal phases could be distinguished in 132 seizures (80%); in these, the mean ictal duration was 54 seconds and the mean postictal duration 89 seconds. Videotape analysis provides objective criteria by which complex partial seizures may be differentiated from other seizure types.
Neurobehavioral Effects of Phoenix dactylifera in Mice

The present study deals with the investigation of the neurobehavioral effects of the methanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera (PD) fruits, studied on locomotor activity, exploratory behavior, motor coordination, hot-plate test, haloperidol-induced catalepsy, sodium nitriteinduced respiratory arrest, maximum electroshockinduced convulsions using mice. The results revealed that the extract in mice considerably reduced the exploration time in closed arms with an increased exploration in open arms, increased the time spent in mirrored chamber, increased the discrimination index, potentiated the haloperidol-induced catalepsy, reduced the onset of death in sodium nitriteinduced respiratory arrest. These results suggest that the methanolic extract of P. dactylifera fruits possess a wide range of CNS activities, which need further investigation. Key words: Anxiety, convulsions, locomotor activity, nootropic, Phoenix dactylifera.
Are changes in the blood count clinically useful marker of azathioprine dose?

INTRODUCTION The 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) level, may be used to estimate dose-adequacy of azathioprine (AZA) therapy. 6-TGN test is not commercially available. The aim of the study was to determine whether a blood cell changes correlate also with the dose of AZA and may serve as a predictor of the dose adequacy (for MCV > 6 fl). METHODS Retrospective, multicentre study in subjects with IBD treated with azathioprine. Demographic data, leukocyte, platelet counts, erythrocyte (MCV) and thrombocyte (MPV) volume, azathioprine dose, inflammatory activity in the 3rd, 6th and 12th months of treatment and presence of sideropenia were recorded. RESULTS 103 subjects analysed. To increase the MCV by 6 fl, the AZA dose above 2 mg/kg is needed (p = 0.04). The MCV increases within 165 days (95% CI, 154-181 days, p = 0.002). Sideropenia has no impact on the MCV change. Number of leukocytes and thrombocytes decreases during treatment (p < 0.001). Change in their number as well as MPV, does not correlate with MCV change and is not affected by activity of the inflammation. CONCLUSION The MCV dynamics (> 6 fl within 6 months) is the only relevant indicator during AZA treatment. Changes in the number of leukocytes, platelets and their volume can not be used to assess the sufficiency of the AZA dose. Sideropenia has no impact on the dynamics of MCV.
Canine testicular disorders and their influence on sperm morphology

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of testicular disease on sperm morphology. The reproductive tracts of 33 dogs were evaluated clinically and with ultrasound, followed by orchiectomy and harvesting of fluid from the vas deferens to evaluate sperm morphology. A section from each testis was used to conduct histological analyses. Histological changes were noted in 71.2% of testes (47/66). Regardless of dog age, the most frequent pathology was testicular degeneration (80.8%; 38/47), whereas testicular tumors were observed only in adult and old dogs (25.9%; 7/27). Harvesting fluid from the vas deferens for sperm morphology assessment was effective in 87.9% of cases (58/66), and severe testicular degenerative processes induced an increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of abnormal sperm when compared with normal testes or those with moderate testicular degeneration (special attention given to detached heads). In conclusion, regardless of dog age, breed or origin, a severe testicular degeneration process led to a significant increase in detached heads. Furthermore, the collection of sperm from the vas deferens proved to be an alternative and reliable technique for future research.
Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with A549 pneumocyte cells

The interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a human lung pneumocyte cell line (A549) was studied. Wild-type strain PAK adhered efficiently to the A549 cells, while an isogenic mutant, carrying a mutation in the pilin structural gene, adhered at 10 to 20% of the wild-type levels. Another nonpiliated mutant of P. aeruginosa PAK, defective in the pleiotropic regulatory gene rpoN, did not adhere to A549 cells, suggesting the presence of a second, RpoN-controlled adhesin on the bacterial surface. Endocytosis of wild-type P. aeruginosa PAK by A549 cells was also demonstrated. A significant fraction of the internalized bacteria were recovered in a viable form after several hours of residence within the A549 cells. When examined by electron microscopy, intracellular bacteria were located in membranous vesicles, and no evidence of killing by lysosomal mechanisms was observed. These studies raise the possibility that during chronic respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised patients, P. aeruginosa may persist in intracellular compartments and therefore be protected from the defense mechanisms of the host.
Gifts recommendation for mobile devices

The mobile application market and e-commerce sales have grown steadily, along with the growth of studies and product recommendation solutions implemented in e-commerce systems. In this context, this paper proposes a recommendation algorithm for mobile devices based on the COREL (Customer Purchase Prediction Model) framework. The proposed recommendation algorithm is a customization of the COREL framework, based on the complexity of the implementation associated with iOS mobile applications. Therefore, this work aims to customize a gift recommendation algorithm in the context of mobile devices using as main input the user preferences for the gifts recommendation in the Giftr application.
Are skeletal muscle FNDC5 gene expression and irisin release regulated by exercise and related to health?

• Contradictory findings have been reported concerning the function of irisin and its precursor gene, skeletal muscle FNDC5, in energy homeostasis and metabolic health, and the associated regulatory role of exercise and PGC‐1α. • We analysed the effects of different short‐ and long‐term exercise regimens on muscle FNDC5 and PGC‐1α, and serum irisin, and studied the associations of irisin and FNDC5 with health parameters. • FNDC5 and serum irisin did not change after acute aerobic, long‐term endurance training or endurance training combined with resistance exercise (RE) training, or associate with metabolic disturbances. A single RE bout increased FNDC5 mRNA in young, but not older men (27 vs. 62 years). Changes in PGC‐1α or serum irisin were not consistently accompanied by changes in FNDC5. • Our data suggest that the effects of exercise on FNDC5 and irisin are not consistent, and that their role in health is questionable. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms should be studied further.
Ocular effects of ultraviolet radiation from 295 to 365 nm.

A 5,000 watt Xe-Hg source and a double monochromator were used to produce 6.6 nm. full band-pass ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Pigmented rabbit eyes were exposed to the 6.6 nm. band-pass UV radiant energy in 5 nm. steps from 295 to 320 nm. and at random intervals above 320 nm. Corneal and lenticular damage was assessed and classified with a biomicroscope. Corneal threshold radiant exposure (Hc) rose very rapidly from 0.022 Jcm. -2 at 300 nm. to 10.99 Jcm. -2 at 335 nm. Radiant exposures exceeding 2 x Hc resulted in irreversible corneal damage. Lenticular damage was limited to wavebands above 295 nm. The action spectrum for the lens began at 295 nm. and extended to about 315 nm. Permanent lenticular damage occurred at radiant exposure levels approximately twice the threshold for lenticular radiant exposure. The importance in establishing both corneal and lenticular damage criteria is emphasized.
Pathophysiological Role of the Cytokine Network in the Anterior Pituitary Gland

Recent evidence has demonstrated that cytokines and other growth factors act in the anterior pituitary gland. Using the traditional criteria employed to determine autocrine or paracrine functions our review shows that, in addition to their role as lymphocyte messengers, certain cytokines are autocrine or paracrine regulators of anterior pituitary function and growth. The cytokines known to regulate and/or be expressed in the anterior pituitary include the inflammatory cytokine family (IL-1 and its endogenous antagonist, IL-1ra; TNF-alpha, and IL-6), the Th1-cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma), and other cytokines such as LIF, MIF, and TGF-beta. This review examines at the cellular, molecular, and physiological levels whether: (1) each cytokine alters some aspect of pituitary physiology; (2) receptors for the cytokine are expressed in the gland; and (3) the cytokine is produced in the anterior pituitary. Should physiological stimuli regulate pituitary cytokine production, this would constitute additional proof of their autocrine/paracrine role. In this context, we analyze in this review the current literature on the actions of cytokines known to regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion, selecting the in vivo studies that support the direct action of the cytokine in the anterior pituitary. Further support for direct regulatory action is provided by in vitro studies, in explant cultures or pituitary cell lines. The cytokine receptors that have been demonstrated in the pituitary of several species are also discussed. The endogenous production of the homologous cytokines and the regulation of this expression are analyzed. The evidence indicating that cytokines also regulate the growth and proliferation of pituitary cells is reviewed. This action is particularly important since it suggests that intrinsically produced cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. The complex cell to cell communication involved in the action of these factors is discussed.
A Directional-Change Event Approach for Studying Financial Time Series

Abstract Financial markets witness high levels of activity at certain times but remain calm at others. This makes the flow of physical time discontinuous. Therefore, to use physical time scales for studying financial time series runs the risk of missing important activities. An alternative approach is to use an event-based time scale that captures periodic activities in the market. In this paper, the authors use a special type of event, called a directional-change event, and show its usefulness in capturing periodic market activities. The study confirms that the length of the price-curve coastline, as defined by directional-change events, turns out to be a long one.
On the right track

The transcription machinery in the eukaryotic nucleus generates messenger RNA molecules that translocate through the nucleoplasm, anchor to a nuclear pore, and find their way out into the cytoplasm. The dynamic aspects of these steps in the expression pathway were examined in order to understand the kinetic time-frames of gene activation and message dissemination. Utilizing live-cell imaging and tracking of single mRNPs containing different sized mRNAs and varying numbers of introns and exons, it was possible to quantify the temporal and spatial characteristics of the nucleoplasmic travels of mRNPs as well as the kinetics of translocation through the nuclear pore.
Reactive hyperplasia with giant follicles in lymph node lesions from systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Lymph node enlargement is common in active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease that is characterized by well‐defined clinical criteria. Histologically, although lymphadenopathy associated with SLE exhibits marked histological diversity and occasionally shows atypical lymphoproliferative disorders, there has not been any description of the histopathological features of reactive lymph node hyperplasia with giant follicles (RHGF). We here report three such cases. The subjects were a 23‐year‐old Japanese female, a 44‐year‐old Japanese female and a 49‐year‐old Japanese male. All three patients initially presented with systemic lymphadenopathy. They also had systemic symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings indicating active disease, although two patients did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for SLE at lymph node biopsy. Histologically, three lesions were characterized by numerous enlarged, coalescing lymphoid follicles with distortion rather than effacement of the lymph node architecture. By in situ hybridization, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) genomes were demonstrated in two cases. The present three cases indicate that lymphadenopathy associated with SLE representing RFGH should be differentiated from the early stage of HIV‐related lymphadenopathy as well as follicular lymphoma, particularly the floral variant. The authors would like to stress that the RHGF which is described in the present study should be listed in the pathohistology of SLE lymphadenopathy.
T2 mapping from highly undersampled data by reconstruction of principal component coefficient maps using compressed sensing

Recently, there has been an increased interest in quantitative MR parameters to improve diagnosis and treatment. Parameter mapping requires multiple images acquired with different timings usually resulting in long acquisition times. While acquisition time can be reduced by acquiring undersampled data, obtaining accurate estimates of parameters from undersampled data is a challenging problem, in particular for structures with high spatial frequency content. In this work, principal component analysis is combined with a model‐based algorithm to reconstruct maps of selected principal component coefficients from highly undersampled radial MRI data. This novel approach linearizes the cost function of the optimization problem yielding a more accurate and reliable estimation of MR parameter maps. The proposed algorithm—reconstruction of principal component coefficient maps using compressed sensing—is demonstrated in phantoms and in vivo and compared with two other algorithms previously developed for undersampled data. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.