Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Duty Cycle Management for Reduction of Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a strapping combination of inexpensive, diminutive, computational and communication impelled sensor nodes which are powered by irreplaceable battery. So the lifetime of a sensor node is fixed. This lifetime can be increased only by using proper management of power consumption. Duty cycle based energy management scheme is very efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol of the WSN which effectively conserve energy of sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a new management scheme for the duty cycle based MAC protocol to reduce the energy consumption by the sensor nodes as well as improve the network lifetime. In the proposed scheme, the total duty cycle is divided into two equal parts, one part is used for transmission of own data and another part is used for transmission/reception of neighbor node's data. If there is no data available for either own or neighbor nodes then it will go to the sleep mode during that part of duty cycle to save the energy consumption. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated by numerical simulations. From the simulation results it is confirmed that the proposed scheme provides lower energy consumption as well as higher lifetime than the existing scheme.
Low-Complexity Model Predictive Control of Single-Phase Three-Level Rectifiers With Unbalanced Load

The neutral-point potential fluctuation in single-phase three-level rectifiers leads to coupling between the line current regulation and dc-link capacitor voltage balancing, deteriorating waveform quality of the line current. For addressing this issue, this paper proposes a low-complexity model predictive current control (MPCC) with constant switching frequency, which achieves a decoupling control of the line current and the neutral-point potential under the unbalanced load condition. The switching frequency is fixed by combining the MPCC scheme with predefined switching sequences. The boundary of the durations for voltage vectors in switching sequences is presented to balance the capacitor voltage without worsening the line current quality. The optimal switching sequence and the corresponding optimal durations of voltage vectors in the switching sequence are readily derived without the assessment of the cost function, which dramatically simplifies the complexity of the MPCC scheme. Finally, simulations and experimental results are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MPCC scheme.
The Next Level of Test Automation: What About the Users?

Test automation is an enabler for effective and efficient software development and is widely embraced thanks to agile practices such as continuous integration. Based on our own experience and observations, we conjecture that the majority of test automation today is script based and focused on execution, where testers explicitly implement "how" to do the test. This is a labor-intensive and potentially error-prone endeavor that have the potential to be a significant bottleneck for even productivity and speed in software development. Hence, we consider it clear that "the next level of test automation" to a greater extent will be about "what" to test and not "how" to test it, which will require more advanced test tools and test systems compared to today's relatively simple mechanisms. We propose that this will result in an increased dependency to tools developed outside the user organizations, partially due to the cost and complexity of development of advanced tools, and partially due to the competence needed to understand and implement the necessary algorithms which simply will not be available in most development projects. In this paper, we draw on our experience from using and developing test automation tools to propose a number of challenges that we believe need to be considered when introducing new approaches to test automation in industry.
New developments in brain metastases

Patients with brain metastases (BM) are a population of high clinical need for new therapeutic approaches due to, as yet, very impaired survival prognosis. However, only few clinical trials have specifically addressed this prognostically highly heterogeneous patient population. New developments in the treatment of BM patients aim to reduce the side effects of local therapies, for example, by redefining the indications for stereotactic radiosurgery and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) or introducing new applications like hippocampal sparing WBRT. Furthermore, systemic therapies become a more important treatment approach in patients harboring targetable mutations, as recent BM-specific endpoints in several phase III trials have shown promising intracranial efficacy. In addition, immune-checkpoint inhibitors show promising intracranial efficacy, particularly in patients with melanoma and non-small lung cancer BM. Here, we provide a review on the recent new developments in the local and systemic therapy approaches in BM patients.
Modelling Hand Gestures to Test Leap Motion Controlled Applications

Programs that use a Natural User Interface (NUI) are not controlled with a mouse and keyboard, but through input devices that monitor the user's body movements. Manually testing applications through such interfaces is time-consuming. Generating realistic test data automatically is also challenging, because the input is a complex data structure that represents real body structures and movements. Previously, it has been shown that models learned from user interactions can be used to generate tests for NUI applications controlled by the Microsoft Kinect. In this paper, we study the case of the Leap Motion input device, which allows applications to be controlled with hand movements and finger positions, resulting in substantially more complex input data structures. We present a framework to model human hand data interacting with applications, and generate test data automatically from these models. We also evaluate the influence of the training data, as well as the influence of using a single model of the complete user data vs. multiple models for the different aspects of hand movement (e.g., finger positions, hand positions, hand rotations). Experiments on five applications controlled by the Leap Motion demonstrate that our approach generates effective test data. The quality and quantity of the training data used to derive the models is the main factor that determines their effectiveness. On the other hand, the effects of using multiple (as opposed to single) models are minor and application specific.
Precise Dispensing Technology Using Electroformed Tubes for Micro-Volume Blood Diagnosis

Precise dispensing of droplets is a crucial step for acquiring reliable blood diagnostic results. When the source sample volume is limited, the need for precise dispensing of submicroliter and nanoliter quantities is especially important. In this paper, we developed a positive-displacement high-precision dispensing technique using a nickel electroformed tube with an inner diameter accuracy of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or less. When dispensing variation of 100 nL was evaluated by using a photometric method, the most stable coefficients of variation (CV) were observed for a tube thickness of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$50~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with hydrophobic treatment, where the average CV value was 1.3%, <italic>i.e.</italic>, 1.3 nL. Furthermore, the glucose concentration of 100- and 200-nL animal-based control serum was colorimetrically measured using enzymatic reactions without drying and mixing reagents. The CV value was approximately 6.36% at 100 nL and 3.23% at 200 nL, suggesting that several biochemical panels can be precisely measured even from less than one drop of blood. This positive-displacement dispenser ensures zero contamination and almost-zero dead volume, thus it would be useful for multi-panel clinical blood testing.
Some Statistical Study on the Short-Time Spectrum of Unvoiced Pronunciation Signal

For the signal of human unvoiced pronunciation, the amplitude value in short-time spectrum is studied statistically for each frequency component. A novel statistical feature is discovered for the discrete short-time amplitude spectrum, which reveals the statistical correlation between any two frequency components. Based on this statistical feature revealed, a new synthesis method for unvoiced pronunciation signal is implemented, and the synthesis results indicate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Field Guide to Finding Fossils on Mars

The Martian surface is cold, dry, exposed to biologically harmful radiation and apparently barren today. Nevertheless, there is clear geological evidence for warmer, wetter intervals in the past that could have supported life at or near the surface. This evidence has motivated National Aeronautics and Space Administration and European Space Agency to prioritize the search for any remains or traces of organisms from early Mars in forthcoming missions. Informed by (1) stratigraphic, mineralogical and geochemical data collected by previous and current missions, (2) Earth's fossil record, and (3) experimental studies of organic decay and preservation, we here consider whether, how, and where fossils and isotopic biosignatures could have been preserved in the depositional environments and mineralizing media thought to have been present in habitable settings on early Mars. We conclude that Noachian‐Hesperian Fe‐bearing clay‐rich fluvio‐lacustrine siliciclastic deposits, especially where enriched in silica, currently represent the most promising and best understood astropaleontological targets. Siliceous sinters would also be an excellent target, but their presence on Mars awaits confirmation. More work is needed to improve our understanding of fossil preservation in the context of other environments specific to Mars, particularly within evaporative salts and pore/fracture‐filling subsurface minerals.
A Speedup Spatial Rearrangement Algorithm for Dynamic Network Visualization

In this paper, we propose a speedup spatial rearrangement algorithm for visualizing evolutionary process while preserving mental map of previous layout. Hierarchical structure of network is extracted in data preprocessing stage, which can help to find the minimum subnets with topological changes. Multi-constraint force directed algorithm is applied to changed subnets. Evolution parameter is used to restrain the movement of existing nodes to be consistent with their previous positions. Energy parameter, on the other hand, is used to get rid of the constrain of previous position and achieve aesthetic layout. After rearrange all changed subnets, A time-varying stress model is introduced to adjust the position of all other subnets from bottom to top, which can avoid recalculating new positions for all nodes and thus improve efficiency.
Off-Time Control of LLC Resonant Half-Bridge Converter to Prevent Audible Noise Generation Under a Light-Load Condition

This paper presents a control method that can prevent audible noise generation in an <italic>LLC</italic> resonant half-bridge dc–dc converter under a light-load condition, while achieving the same input voltage range and power-conversion efficiency <italic>η<sub>e</sub></italic> as the burst-control method that generates an audible noise. The proposed method reduces switching and conduction losses at light load by skipping several pairs of switch-control pulses, while varying the switching frequency less than the normal-control method does. This skip-control method enables the <italic>LLC</italic> resonant converter to have a large magnetizing inductance, and to have high <italic>η<sub>e</sub></italic> over a wide range of load variation. At an input voltage of 385 V, an output voltage of 24 V, and a resonant frequency of 180 kHz, the proposed method achieved <italic>η <sub>e</sub></italic> ≥ 85.46% for an output power range of 7.2–360 W; the highest <italic>η<sub>e </sub></italic> was 96.08% at <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_o$</tex-math></inline-formula> = 336 W.
Effects of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) administration on leukocyte profile of broiler chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) administration on leukocyte profile of broiler chickens infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Materials and Methods: Thirty broiler chickens, 21 days old were divided into five treatment groups. P0 (−): Chickens without any treatment; P0 (+), P1, P2, and P3: Chickens were infected with M. gallisepticum 108 cells/ml/animal orally, then given no treatment, Meniran extract 60%, 62.5%, and 65% orally at a dose of 1 ml/kg body weight, respectively. The treatment of Meniran extract was given for 7 days. Results: Leukocyte count with the lowest number showed in Group P0 (−) and Group P3 (p>0.05). Increased number of basophils was found in Group P0 (+), Group P1, and Group P2. The highest number of heterophils was found in Group P0 (+) and was significantly different from Group P0 to P3 (p<0.05). The same pattern was also seen in the number of lymphocytes in all treatment groups. The number of monocytes showed no significant difference between all treatment groups (p>0.05). Discussion: Increased the number of leukocytes is often observed in inflammation due to general infections, trauma, or toxicity. Shifting in the number of heterophile or lymphocytes, an increase in the number of monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils may also be associated with various infectious or inflammatory conditions. Heterophils play a role as an antibacterial defense through several effective mechanisms. When infections and inflammation occur, the heterophils will increase to phagocytosis microbe. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Meniran extract (P. niruri L.) at a dose of 65% can decrease the total number of leukocytes in broilers infected with M. gallisepticum.
Effect of Pd Buffer and Interlayer on the Magnetic Properties of CoCrPt-Oxide Granular Thin Films

Morphostructural and magnetic properties of CoCrPt-oxide (TiO<sup>2</sup>, CoO) granular thin films deposited on Pd(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)/Ru/Pd(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)/NiTa intermediate layer have been investigated as a function of the Pd thickness (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x = 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 10 nm; <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y = 1, 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and 5 nm). The Pd(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) buffer layer shows an fcc (111) texture that leads to a gradual improvement of both the Ru and CoCrPt hcp (0002) crystallographic orientations while increasing the Pd thickness. This results on a significant enhancement of both the effective magnetic anisotropy (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K} _{\mathrm {eff}} =4.1 \times 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> erg/cm<sup>3</sup>) and out-of-plane coercivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H} _{c\bot } = 5.7$ </tex-math></inline-formula> kOe) with respect to the reference CoCrPt-oxides/Ru/NiTa sample <italic>(</italic><inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K_{\mathrm {eff}} = 3.4 \times 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> erg/cm<sup>3</sup>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${H} _{c\bot }= 4.7$ </tex-math></inline-formula> kOe) when a 10 nm-thick Pd buffer is used. The inclusion of a Pd(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) intermediate layer between Ru and Co leads to an increase of the effective anisotropy (up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.1 \times 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> erg/cm<sup>3</sup> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$y = 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm) with respect to the reference sample, which can be ascribed to a combined effect of an interface contribution and a term arising from a CoCrPt lattice distortion.
Optimization-Based Access Assignment Scheme for Physical-Layer Security in D2D Communications Underlaying a Cellular Network

In this paper, we consider physical-layer security for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying cellular networks in which cellular users are under threat from multiple eavesdroppers. We propose an access selection scheme for D2D users to protect cellular users against eavesdropping. Specifically, in our proposed scheme, multiple D2D users whose distance to the cellular user is more than the threshold we set will be selected to share the same spectrum as that of the cellular user, and the interference generated by the selected D2D users can be seen as a jamming measure to interrupt the eavesdropping. Then, we consider the secrecy throughput as a standard based on which the security performance of our proposed scheme is quantified, and we derive a closed-form expression for the secrecy throughput of a cellular user with the aid of stochastic geometry. Moreover, by using the optimization method, we prove the existence of optimal threshold and design an iterative algorithm based on the advance-and-retreat method to determine the optimal threshold. Simulation results show that our access selection scheme can effectively improve the physical-layer security of cellular users and that the maximum secrecy throughput can be achieved with the optimal threshold.
Comparative Study on Multiple Degrees of Freedom of Gate Drivers for Transient Behavior Regulation of SiC MOSFET

Because of fast switching speeds and inevitable stray parameters, the efficiency, security, and stability properties of SiC mosfets in practice are challenged by voltage and current ringing and overshoot. In this paper, the turn-on and off behavior of an SiC mosfet regulated by a gate driver are modeled in detail, and insight mechanisms for suppressing the ringing and overshoot by using gate driver are highlighted. Based on a clamped inductive double-pulse test, many control degrees of freedom, including gate resistance, gate–source capacitance, and gate voltage, are considered and verified by comprehensive experimental results. Although these parameters can regulate the ringing and overshoot, the switching speed of the SiC mosfet decreases and its power loss increases. To balance the tradeoff, a preferred gate driver for an SiC mosfet is recommended.
Advanced Analysis of Motor Currents for the Diagnosis of the Rotor Condition in Electric Motors Operating in Mining Facilities

Predictive maintenance of electric motors is a topic of increasing importance in many industrial applications. The mining industry is not an exception; many electric motors operating in mining facilities are critical machines, and their unexpected failures may imply significant losses and can be hazardous for the users. Due to these facts, an increasing research effort has been dedicated to investigate new techniques that are able to provide a reliable diagnostic of the motor condition. Over recent years, monitoring of electrical quantities (e.g., motor currents) has emerged as a very attractive option for determining the health of several motor parts (rotor, eccentricities, bearings) due to its very interesting advantages: possibility of remote motor monitoring, noninvasive nature, simple application, broad fault coverage, etc. The traditional methods based on the analysis of motor currents during a steady-state operation [motor current signature analysis (MCSA)] are being complemented when not replaced by more reliable approaches. This paper applies an innovative transient-based methodology to several case studies referred to large motors operating in mining facilities. The results prove how this modern methodology enables us to overcome some important drawbacks of the classical MCSA, such as its unsuitability under varying speed conditions, and may provide an earlier indication of rotor electrical asymmetries under such working conditions.
Multiactivity 3-D Human Pose Tracking in Incorporated Motion Model with Transition Bridges

Multiactivity 3-D pose tracking is an extremely difficult computer vision task due to various activity types and high-dimensional state space. To solve these challenges, a novel generative framework which incorporates separate and unified motion models into one system is proposed. On one hand, pose tracking benefits from the representations of activities in low-dimensional space, but the complexity of the representations increases with the number of activities. Obviously, the separate modeling of different activities can improve the scalability of models. On the other hand, there often exist similar activities in a long motion sequence, they should be grouped and modeled in a unified model, which can enhance human pose tracking stability and reduce the optimization process over motion model for a large number of actions. Our incorporated model not only combines their advantages but also overcomes their disadvantages. Finally, a particle-based joint annealing optimization is utilized for tracking. During pose tracking, the distribution of particles depends on the outputs of action recognition system. Thus, the particles are transferred amongst different models and most of them are distributed in the model that corresponds to the currently observed action. To propagate the particles among motion models and quickly respond to the transition between different activities, a group of short and smooth transition bridges are constructed so that the interactivity motions seem to be more realistic and natural. Extensive results, via qualitative and quantitative analyses, verify the effectiveness of our model in multiactivity pose tracking.
Reconstructed Solar‐Induced Fluorescence: A Machine Learning Vegetation Product Based on MODIS Surface Reflectance to Reproduce GOME‐2 Solar‐Induced Fluorescence

Solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) observations from space have resulted in major advancements in estimating gross primary productivity (GPP). However, current SIF observations remain spatially coarse, infrequent, and noisy. Here we develop a machine learning approach using surface reflectances from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) channels to reproduce SIF normalized by clear sky surface irradiance from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment‐2 (GOME‐2). The resulting product is a proxy for ecosystem photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by chlorophyll (fAPARCh). Multiplying this new product with a MODIS estimate of photosynthetically active radiation provides a new MODIS‐only reconstruction of SIF called Reconstructed SIF (RSIF). RSIF exhibits much higher seasonal and interannual correlation than the original SIF when compared with eddy covariance estimates of GPP and two reference global GPP products, especially in dry and cold regions. RSIF also reproduces intense productivity regions such as the U.S. Corn Belt contrary to typical vegetation indices and similarly to SIF.