Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia and Analgesia in Birds

Surgical intervention and painful conditions often apply to avian patients that are presented to veterinary hospitals. Therefore, anesthesia and analgesia are an important part of the daily routine associated with avian veterinary practice. These procedures differ from mammal medicine primarily because of different physiologic composition and different anatomical structures, which are described when relevant to anesthetic management. This article describes the most common anesthetic and analgesic procedures for birds and provides recommendations for veterinarians who treat these species. Moreover, there are detailed descriptions of preanesthetic and postanesthetic patient care and how to monitor anesthetized birds. Advantages and disadvantages of the different anesthetic techniques and analgesic protocols are also reviewed. If one treats birds in a veterinary hospital, it is important to have inhalation anesthesia equipment readily available so that it can be used when needed.
The ABCs of infant cardiorespiratory monitoring

Home health care needs of the general population have grown rapidly in the past 10 years. Similarly, specific high-risk groups may be discharged earlier from the hospital setting. These groups include the maternal/child population. The home health care nurse has a great responsi bility in caring for the technical needs of the high-risk infant. The following guidelines for the nursing care of the infant on a cardiorespiratory monitor include rationale for monitoring, pos sible treatment plans, and troubleshooting techniques. Parental coping and issues of insurance reimbursement are discussed. The nurse must be familiar with these concepts to assist the monitored infant in reaching his or her established health outcome goals. Key words: apnea, documented monitoring, home care, parental coping, SIDS, sleep study
Intimate Partner Abuse and Mental Health

Social Support and other protective factors (Education, Employment, Self-Esteem, Health, and Absence of Economic Hardship) were studied in relation to depression, anxiety, and three types of lifetime abuse (recent intimate partner violence and past intimate partner violence, child abuse). Asurvey of 557 women was conducted as part of a domestic violence screening intervention in primary care. Compared to nonabused women, recently abused women may receive less support from partners but reported comparable levels of support from others. Total protective factors potentially provided a buffer for abused women from developing anxiety and depression but appea less effective at severe levels of lifetime abuse.
Syndrome LEOPARD et carcinome épidermoïde labial : présentation d’un cas

Le syndrome LEOPARD est une maladie hereditaire rare decrite pour la premiere fois par Zeisler et Becker en 1936. En 1969, Gorlin et al. ont propose l’acronyme LEOPARD former a partir des differentes manifestations : L pour lentigines ou taches cutanees multiples ; E pour anomalies a l’electrocardiogramme ; O pour hypertelorisme oculaire ; P pour stenose de l’artere pulmonaire ; A pour anomalies de l’appareil genital ; R pour retard de croissance ; D pour surdite ( deafness ). Le cas rapporte concerne une adolescente âgee de 13 ans, presentant un syndrome LEOPARD, qui a developpe un carcinome epidermoide labial inferieur rapidement evolutif.
ENABLING NEW GRADUATE MIDWIVES TO MANAGE EMERGENCIES CONFIDENTLY: A PILOT STUDY

This project aims to develop the confidence of new graduate midwives in the management of midwifery emergencies during their first year as midwives. It is postulated that application of theoretical knowledge to experiential learning in simulated emergencies will prepare students for clinical practice as registered midwives. That is, perceived theoretical knowledge will translate into objective confidence when a midwifery emergency is encountered. Method: The intervention links theory to practice through simulated real life emergencies incorporating the application of theoretical knowledge prior to Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). The simulation workshops and OSCEs addressed a ‘worst case’ scenario when the midwife is working in a rural primary birthing unit setting, with an unpredictable ambulance availability and one midwife assistant. A simulation workshop was delivered one month prior to the OSCEs within a three phase before-after study design; that is, students were surveyed before the workshop, immediately after the workshop and three months post OSCEs. Within this design students are their own control in order to detect changes in perceptions of their knowledge and confidence. Twenty students completing their final clinical paper in the Wintec Bachelor of Midwifery programme consented to participate in this three stage design tool with the same baseline questionnaire used for all three phases. Results: Students’ theoretical knowledge was generally good and improved following the workshop. Most importantly, results suggest theoretical knowledge applied within practical settings will translate perceived (subjective) confidence into objective confidence. Conclusion: It is plausible that midwifery educational interventions which link experiential learning in a simulated setting to practise theory reinforces learning and improves confidence in midwife graduates. As a result, a major longitudinal project to replicate the results of this survey commenced in 2013.
Innate Immunity in ALS

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is the most common form of motor neuron disease. It is a debilitating, late onset neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the progressive death of upper and ┙-motor neurons within the central nervous system (CNS) (Bruijn and Cleveland, 1996). This results in symptoms of muscle weakness and atrophy of skeletal muscles, leading to paralysis and eventual death due to failure of respiratory muscles (Cozzolino et al., 2008). ALS has a prevalence of approximately 1~2 per 100,000 worldwide with males being more susceptible than females (1.3 ~ 1.6: 1) (Strong, 2003, Woodruff et al., 2008b, Worms, 2001). The majority of ALS cases (~90%) are thought to be sporadic with unknown aetiology and no robust environmental risk factors, with the remaining 10% being familial ALS. Of this 10%, approximately 20% have been linked to dominant mis-sense point mutations in the Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene which results in a gain of unidentified deleterious properties (Rosen et al., 1993). The two aetiologies of ALS (i.e. sporadic and familial) are indistinguishable on the basis of their clinical and pathological features, including progressive muscle weakness, atrophy and spasticity, each of which reflects the degeneration and death of upper and ┙-motor neurons (Boillee et al., 2006). The mechanisms leading to ALS are still unclear but theories have suggested that glutamate excitoxicity, oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytoskeletal abnormalities and neuro-inflammation may all play a role (Bruijn et al., 2004). The present chapter will review the role of innate immune system, in particular the complement system, during the disease progression of ALS. It will review evidence for an involvement of the innate immune Toll-like receptor (TLR) system and receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) in ALS patients and animal models of ALS. It will also comprehensively evaluate the role of the innate immune complement cascade in this disease. Finally, the future therapeutic possibilities for ALS, aimed at targeting components of the innate immune system will be discussed. We provide compelling evidence for specific inhibitors of complement C5a receptors as novel treatment strategies for ALS.
Visceral Hypersensitivity Is Not a Feature of Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Objective: Visceral hyperalgesia is commonly observed in irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], a common cause of comorbidity with fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS]. The aim of this study was to evaluate in patients affected by FMS the presence of IBS-like symptoms and of visceral hyperalgesia. Methods: Twenty-seven FMS patients were studied and compared with 32 IBS patients for visceral hyperalgesia by the anorectal balloon distension test. Results: Eighteen [66%] of FMS patients fitted the Rome criteria for IBS. Patients with IBS presented lower than normal thresholds for the sensation of urgency and pain [P < 0.05], whereas the sensation of gas present in the rectum and of desire of defecation were not statistically different from normals. On the contrary, patients with FMS, either with or without IBS-like symptoms, presented values similar to normals for all the examined thresholds [P > 0.05]. Conclusions: Our study confirms that IBS symptoms are present in a relevant proportion of FMS patients, and that the majority of IBS patients present a condition of visceral hypersensitivity, as induced by a rectal balloon distension test. Patients with FMS, however, do not present this feature. The reason why FMS patients frequently have IBS-like symptoms with a normal visceral hypersensitivity remains elusive.
Substance Abuse and Suicide of San Diego Study

AbstractWe investigated 283 suicides in San Diego between November 1981 and June 1983. The first 204 cases were collected consecutively. The next 79 were consecutive cases under age 30. The sample consisted, then, of three separate but overlapping consecutive series: 133 cases under age 30, 150 cases age 30 and over, and 204 cases of all ages.Overall, substance abuse/dependence was diagnosed in about two thirds of the cases, both over and under age 30. Depressive disorders were most commonly diagnosed in association with substance abuse (SA) in both age groups. Many other disorders also accompanied SA. There were significantly more diagnoses of “drug” abuse among the younger cases than among the older suicides. The frequency of alcohol abuse was the same.There were no significant differences in the rates of SA between the men and women in the 204 consecutive cases. Of the 45 suicides with psychotic disorders in the consecutive series, more than half (62%) were also substance abusers. Of the 15 cases who h.
Developing a Family Systems Approach to Rural Healthcare: Dealing with the "Heavy-User" Problem

Beginning with the problem of heavy use of healthcare services by a significant minority of patients, we describe the experience of changing a treatment practice in a small rural community in Finland from a biomedical I biotechnical orientation to a family systems approach. We discuss the challenges that were met as this process developed, and describe methods of change that were tried in this rural healthcare setting. Collaboration between the rural family physician and a family therapist psychiatrist led to the development of a family-oriented treatment model. International consultation also has been helpful in applying these ideas with general practitioners and in planning a completely new curriculum in family systems medicine for students at the Medical School in Oulu, Finland. Fam Syst & Health 14:291-302,1996
Physical Activity and Dietary Determinants of Weight Loss Success in the US General Population.

OBJECTIVES I studied lifestyle behaviors of long-term weight losers in a nationally representative sample. METHODS I categorized the dietary and physical activity data of 8012 adults from the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys into (1) long-term weight losers (≥ 10% loss for ≥ 1 year), (2) recent weight losers (≥ 10% loss within past year), and (3) overweight or obese individuals who never lost 10% or more of their weight. RESULTS Long-term weight losers consumed fewer calories (2072; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2011, 2134 kcal vs 2211; 95% CI = 2173, 2249 kcal; P < .001) and were more likely to report any vigorous leisure activity (24.5% vs 20.3%; P = .027) than did overweight or obese individuals. Among those engaging in vigorous leisure activity, long-term weight losers reported a greater quantity (188; 95% CI = 159, 223 min × wk(-1) vs 156; 95% CI = 142, 172 min × wk(-1); P = . 047). Recent weight losers did not differ from overweight or obese individuals on absolute calorie intake but reported less fat (79; 95% CI = 75, 83 g vs 84; 95% CI = 82, 86 g; P = .016) and more activity. CONCLUSIONS Balanced calorie restriction from all macronutrients and physical activity are important behaviors for successful long-term weight loss in the general population.
Factors Associated With Quality of Life in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious and costly complication in diabetes which affects approximately 15% of patients with diabetes and affects their quality of life (QOL). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with QOL in patients with DFU. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 60 patients (32 males and 28 females) hospitalized for DFU, performed through convenience sampling. Data related factors and the QOL questionnaire for patients with DFU were abridged. This questionnaire has 29 questions in six dimensions of enjoying life, physical health, daily activities dependence, negative emotions, concern about wound, and wound caring, which evaluate the QOL in patients with DFU. The scoring method for this tool is five optional Likert. Descriptive and analytic statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the 60 patients with DFU, 53% were male and 47% female with an average age of 58.08 ± 11.95 years and average QOL of 41.1 ± 9.15. Statistical analysis showed that age (P = 0.002), employment (P ≤ 0001), socioeconomic status (P = 0.016), leg ulcer (P ≤ 0001), and the number of foot ulcer (P = 0.017) had a statistically significant relationship with QOL and its dimensions. Other variables did not have a significant relationship with QOL, but some of them such as smoking during negative emotions (P = 0.046) and marital status affecting the foot care difficulties (P = 0.03) had significant statistical relationships with QOL. Conclusions: Diabetic foot ulcer affects different aspects of life and can reduce patient’s QOL. To improve the care behaviors and have a better control of foot ulcers and improve the QOL for these patients, taking into account factors such as age, occupation, marital status, number of wounds, and economic status is essential to plan for care and health needs in these patients.
The impact of hypoxia on tumour control probability in the high-dose range used in stereotactic body radiation therapy

The use of stereotactic body radiation therapy employing few large fractions of radiation dose for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer has been proven very successful, high values of tumour control probability (TCP) being clinically achieved. In spite of the success of the fractionation schedules currently used, there is a tendency towards reducing the number of fractions for economical and practical reasons, and also for maximizing the comfort of the patients. It is therefore the main aim of this thesis to investigate the impact of a severely reduced number of fractions on the tumour control probability for tumours that contain hypoxic areas. The impact on TCP of other factors such as hypoxic fraction, distribution of the oxygen partial pressure and location of the hypoxic volume within the tumour were also investigated. The effect of tumour motion due to breathing was included and evaluated using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data from patients imaged with internal markers in the liver and pancreas. The results clearly showed that in the presence of hypoxia, TCP is seriously compromised if there is not enough time for reoxygenation between fractions. A reduction in the number of fractions of just one fraction may require an increase of several Gy per fraction to obtain a similar TCP. The diaphragmatic tumour motion range showed little influence on TCP provided that the PTV encompassed all tumour positions. The dose delivered to the PTV margin was found not to be the only factor that is significant for local control, the average dose correlated better with TCP. The agreement of the results of this work with clinical results also serve as a strong indicator that inter-fraction reoxygenation is an important process in real-life patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.
Promotion of exercise prescriptions in general practice for older populations

Regular physical activity in older populations reduces the risks of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and falls and also improves mental health. Some programs of written exercise prescriptions by general practitioners have been shown to significantly increase physical activity levels over the medium-term (six to 12 months). Increasing the confidence and skills of general practitioners to prescribe and monitor exercise programs is important. However, the more challenging barriers to the widespread uptake of exercise prescription programs are the structural and economic constraints within general practice, as well as the competing promotion of prescribing pharmaceutical products. Implementation research on overcoming these barriers is urgently needed.
Ketosis and fatty liver in cattle

PROBABLY two-thirds of nutritional problems in cattle centre on energy balance. Energy deficiency, particularly in early lactation, leads to fat mobilisation, the degree of which appears to be related to the level of milk production, the magnitude of the energy deficit and/or the cow's body condition score at calving. All these factors can result in increased fat utilisation and raised plasma fatty acids and ketone body levels, which in turn can lead to diseases such as clinical ketosis or fat cow syndrome. More frequently, however, there are no overt signs of disease, but the deficit has knock-on effects such as an increased incidence of metabolic and infectious disease, excessive loss of condition, and poor fertility including poor conception rates, anoestrus, suboestrus and cystic ovarian disease. In every case there will be some increase in the fat content of the liver. Thus, the development of fatty liver appears to precede ketosis and contribute to its onset and that of a number of other energy deficiency syndromes, as described in this article.
Asymptomatic carriers of clostridium difficile in serbian population

The aim of the research was to determine the intestinal carriers of C. difficile in different human population groups in Serbia. The research enrolled 877 persons with formed stools: (newborn children in maternity hospitals for up to two weeks old) (23), group A; children aged from two weeks to two years (121), group B; children aged two to 10 years (54), group C, healthy individuals aged 10 and over (516), group D; patients hospitalized for at least 48 hours (100), group E; staff of the Clinical Center in Nis, Serbia, (63), group F. The toxins A and B of C. difficile were detected by ELISA-ridascreen Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B (R — Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany). The toxin A of C. difficile was detected using ColorPAC Toxin A test (BectonDickinson, New Jersey, USA). Out of the total number of persons (877), the carriers of certain types of toxin-producing strains of C. difficile were distributed as: 6.04% (A−/B−), 1.83% (A+/B+) and 0.11% (A−/B+). In most groups (5/6), the dominance of non-toxigenic (A−/B−) isolates was established, with the rate of carriers 1.75 – 30.43% depending on the group. Toxigenic isolates were prevalent only in the group F in relation to non — toxigenic (7.94% versus 4.76% of persons). In other groups, the carriers of toxigenic strains ranged from 0.00 – 17.45%. The presence of asymptomatic intestinal carriers of C. difficile in the human population, indicate the possible reservoirs and sources of infection.
Self-monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG): Now and the Future

In 2002, the cost of diabetes in the United States reached $132 billion. There is a well-established relationship between blood glucose control and the risk of diabetes-related complications. Tight blood glucose control, through intensive diabetes therapy, reduces the risk and delays the onset of diabetesrelated microvascular complications. Regular and consistent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is and should be a part of all diabetes disease state management programs. Pharmacists can truly increase the numbers of patients who use SMBG by being aware and familiar with the monitoring devices available to patients and identifying the physical and psychological issues surrounding SMBG. Results from SMBG and hemoglobin A1C are the basis formost of the medical decisions made for patients with diabetes. This review discusses the best time for patients to test their blood glucose, information regarding blood glucose monitoring devices, alternative site testing, and the newest technology available in glucose monitoring.
The role of insulin analogs in type 2 diabetes in the rural community

ABSTRACT Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease requiring constant monitoring of patients to ensure maintenance of glycemic goals and advancement of therapy when necessary. The challenges of treatment in rural areas may be different from those in urban areas. This review article will evaluate the barriers to treatment of type 2 diabetes and the role of insulin analogs in overcoming such barriers and in treating the disease, particularly with respect to rural communities. Research design and methods: A literature review of English language articles in the Medline Database was conducted to identify published articles through April 2008. Search terms included rural, diabetes, insulin, treatment, and treatment challenges/barriers and were used either alone or in various combinations with one another. Articles were included if they pertained to rural communities in the United States. Barriers related to treatment of type 2 diabetes and the role of insulin analogs in treatment and in overcoming such barriers, were examined. Results: Health-care providers and patients in rural areas face barriers both common to the general population and unique to the rural setting. Challenges include limited access to health care, lack of health-care resources, and lack of multidisciplinary staff. Conclusions: A number of strategies exist, including simple, stepwise treatment algorithms for insulin therapy, to manage type 2 diabetes in rural populations effectively. Because this article focused on rural communities in the United States, barriers in other rural communities may not have been identified. Additionally, although Medline is one of the largest and most comprehensive databases of published medical literature, publications not in the Medline database have not been included in this analysis.