Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of continuous quality improvement and psychological safety in predicting work-arounds

Background: Work-arounds are work procedures that are undertaken to address a block in work flow. Although there has been extensive interest in the health care literature concerning work-arounds, there is a dearth of literature exploring the factors that predict work-arounds. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the role of continuous quality improvement and psychological safety as predictors of work-arounds in health care organizations. Specifically, we hypothesized that continuous quality improvement and psychological safety predicted work-arounds such that psychological safety mediated the relationship between continuous quality improvement and work-arounds. Methodology: This study was part of a larger cross-sectional field study exploring workforce issues among cancer registrars working in acute care hospitals who report tumor data to a state cancer registry in the Midwest. Eighty-three employees of cancer registries responded to telephone survey items assessing continuous quality improvement (personal influence and management style), psychological safety, and work-arounds. Findings: Using mediated multiple regression (with findings confirmed with a Sobel test), we found partial support for the hypothesized mediated relationship between personal influence, management style, psychological safety, and work-arounds. The exception to this pattern concerned personal influence. Because personal influence is a dimension of continuous quality improvement, it would be negatively associated with work-arounds; we found the opposite to be true in this study. Practice Implications: To avoid problems with work-arounds, our findings suggest that organizations need to commit to continuous improvement at a strategic level. In addition, culture and management behaviors need to shift away from reinforcement of individual first-order problem solving (manifest as work-arounds) toward second-order problem-solving approaches.
Hydrosocial territories, agro-export and water scarcity: capitalist territorial transformations and water governance in Peru’s coastal valleys

ABSTRACT In recent decades, an agro-export boom has deeply transformed Peru’s coastal valleys, resulting in dramatic territorial changes and social inequality in the Ica Valley. This article explains how politico-economic and socio-institutional forces have triggered the emergence of a new ‘hydrosocial territory’, transforming the Ica Valley into a virtual-water extraction zone that produces luxury export crops for the North and China. In addition, it shows how these territorial reconfigurations have led to ecological damage, water scarcity and increasing rural–urban inequality sustained by a hegemonic development discourse that supports agribusiness-elite territorial dominance and discourages social unrest.
Assessing the effects of a policy rate shock on market interest rates : interest rate pass-through with a FAVAR model – the case of Turkey for the inflation-targeting period

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the central bank’s policy rate on market interest rates in Turkey for the inflation-targeting period. Empirical evidence suggests that (i) all interest rates respond to a positive policy rate shock positively for all periods and have a hump shape for government debt security yields as well as for domestic-currency‒ and foreign-currency‒denominated time deposit interest rates; (ii) as maturities increase, the responses of all interest rates to the policy shock increase; (iii) the responses to the policy shock of credit interest rates with higher demand elasticity and longer maturity, such as vehicle and housing rates, is lower than those of others that we consider and (iv) the interest-rate responses of foreign-currency‒denominated commercial credits are lower than those of domestic-currency‒denominated commercial credits. JEL Codes: E43, E52, E58, and E59.
Locally regularized Anchored Neighborhood Regression for fast Super-Resolution

The goal of learning-based image Super-Resolution (SR) is to generate a plausible and visually pleasing High-Resolution (HR) image from a given Low-Resolution (LR) input. The problem is dramatically under-constrained, which relies on examples or some strong image priors to better reconstruct the missing HR image details. This paper addresses the problem of learning the mapping functions (i.e. projection matrices) between the LR and HR images based on a dictionary of LR and HR examples. One recently proposed method, Anchored Neighborhood Regression (ANR) [1], provides state-of-the-art quality performance and is very fast. In this paper, we propose an improved variant of ANR, namely Locally regularized Anchored Neighborhood Regression (LANR), which utilizes the locality-constrained regression in place of the ridge regression in ANR. LANR assigns different freedom for each neighbor dictionary atom according to its correlation to the input LR patch, thus the learned projection matrices are much more flexible. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs efficiently and effectively over state-of-the-art methods, e.g., 0.1-0.4 dB in term of PSNR better than ANR.
Combinatorial screening of halide perovskite thin films and solar cells by mask-defined IR laser molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract As an extension of combinatorial molecular layer epitaxy via ablation of perovskite oxides by a pulsed excimer laser, we have developed a laser molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system for parallel integration of nano-scaled thin films of organic–inorganic hybrid materials. A pulsed infrared (IR) semiconductor laser was adopted for thermal evaporation of organic halide (A-site: CH3NH3I) and inorganic halide (B-site: PbI2) powder targets to deposit repeated A/B bilayer films where the thickness of each layer was controlled on molecular layer scale by programming the evaporation IR laser pulse number, length, or power. The layer thickness was monitored with an in situ quartz crystal microbalance and calibrated against ex situ stylus profilometer measurements. A computer-controlled movable mask system enabled the deposition of combinatorial thin film libraries, where each library contains a vertically homogeneous film with spatially programmable A- and B-layer thicknesses. On the composition gradient film, a hole transport Spiro-OMeTAD layer was spin-coated and dried followed by the vacuum evaporation of Ag electrodes to form the solar cell. The preliminary cell performance was evaluated by measuring I-V characteristics at seven different positions on the 12.5 mm × 12.5 mm combinatorial library sample with seven 2 mm × 4 mm slits under a solar simulator irradiation. The combinatorial solar cell library clearly demonstrated that the energy conversion efficiency sharply changes from nearly zero to 10.2% as a function of the illumination area in the library. The exploration of deposition parameters for obtaining optimum performance could thus be greatly accelerated. Since the thickness ratio of PbI2 and CH3NH3I can be freely chosen along the shadow mask movement, these experiments show the potential of this system for high-throughput screening of optimum chemical composition in the binary film library and application to halide perovskite solar cell.
Improving health care efficiency and quality using tablet personal computers to collect research-quality, patient-reported data.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether e/Tablets (wireless tablet computers used in community oncology clinics to collect review of systems information at point of care) are feasible, acceptable, and valid for collecting research-quality data in academic oncology. DATA/SETTING: Primary/Duke Breast Cancer Clinic. DESIGN Pilot study enrolling sample of 66 breast cancer patients. METHODS Data were collected using paper- and e/Tablet-based surveys: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast, MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT), Self-Efficacy; and two questionnaires: feasibility, satisfaction. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Patients supported e/Tablets as: easy to read (94 percent), easy to respond to (98 percent), comfortable weight (87 percent). Generally, electronic responses validly reflected responses provided by standard paper data collection on nearly all subscales tested. CONCLUSIONS e/Tablets offer a valid, feasible, acceptable method for collecting research-quality, patient-reported outcomes data in outpatient academic oncology.
Protective effects of a red orange extract on UVB‐induced damage in human keratinocytes

UV light is considered one of the major etiological factor in skin aging, cancer and also to systemic impairment such as immunosuppression. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress condition are known to play a central role in initiating and driving the signalling events that lead to cellular response following UV irradiation. In the present study we have investigated the photoprotective activity of a standardized extract from red orange (ROE), obtained from three red orange varieties and containing as main active principles phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavanones and hydroxycinnamic acids) and ascorbic acid.
Evidence for a global categorical representation of humans by young infants.

The representation of pictorial exemplars of humans by young infants was examined. Experiments 1B and 2 demonstrated an asymmetry with respect to the exclusivity of the categorical representations formed by 3- and 4-month-olds for humans and non-human animal species. The categorical representation for humans included novel humans, horses, cats, and fish, but excluded cars; the categorical representation for horses included novel horses, but excluded humans, fish, and cars. Experiment 2 also showed that the categorical representation for humans included exemplar information, whereas the categorical representation for non-human animal species was based on summary information. The asymmetry in categorization of human versus non-human animal species did not extend to the presumed more basic process of discrimination of individual humans versus non-human animals (Experiment 3). The findings suggest that a broad categorical representation of humans may be a cognitive reference point (or region) for young infants.
Degradation free fast switching 1200 V 50 a silicon carbide BJT's

Silicon carbide (SiC) bipolar junction transistors (BJT's) are normally-off fast switching devices with very low collector-emitter voltages (UCE), combining the best of properties from unipolar and bipolar technology. They switch fast with turnoffs from semi saturated state without current tails and have the same time extremely low saturated UCE values. SiC SBJT's without bipolar degradation were fabricated and packaged in TO-247 packages. The BJT's fabricated were characterized both statically and dynamically in a setup similar to a switching application, as well as tested for stability. A SPICE model was developed and simulations of the switching transitions were done and compared to measurements. Simulations of a boost converter were also done to show the efficiency improvements of a complete system made possible using this type of transistors.
Evidence of a reduced home advantage when a team moves to a new stadium

Home advantage is well documented for professional baseball, basketball and ice hockey in North America. One of the possible causes of this advantage is familiarity with the local playing facility. This was investigated and quantified in an analysis of 37 teams moving to new stadiums, but in the same city, from 1987 to 2001. Home advantage during the first season in a new stadium after the move was significantly less than home advantage in the final season in the old stadium (P = 0.011). The reduction was evident in all three sports. Possible confounding factors, such as crowd size and crowd density, were considered but did not appear to have an effect. It is estimated that about 24% of the advantage of playing at home may be lost when a team relocates to a new facility.
HIV-1 transmission networks in high risk fishing communities on the shores of Lake Victoria in Uganda: A phylogenetic and epidemiological approach

Background Fishing communities around Lake Victoria in sub-Saharan Africa have been characterised as a population at high risk of HIV-infection. Methods Using data from a cohort of HIV-positive individuals aged 13–49 years, enrolled from 5 fishing communities on Lake Victoria between 2009–2011, we sought to identify factors contributing to the epidemic and to understand the underlying structure of HIV transmission networks. Clinical and socio-demographic data were combined with HIV-1 phylogenetic analyses. HIV-1 gag-p24 and env-gp-41 sub-genomic fragments were amplified and sequenced from 283 HIV-1-infected participants. Phylogenetic clusters with ≥2 highly related sequences were defined as transmission clusters. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with clustering. Results Altogether, 24% (n = 67/283) of HIV positive individuals with sequences fell within 34 phylogenetically distinct clusters in at least one gene region (either gag or env). Of these, 83% occurred either within households or within community; 8/34 (24%) occurred within household partnerships, and 20/34 (59%) within community. 7/12 couples (58%) within households clustered together. Individuals in clusters with potential recent transmission (11/34) were more likely to be younger 71% (15/21) versus 46% (21/46) in un-clustered individuals and had recently become resident in the community 67% (14/21) vs 48% (22/46). Four of 11 (36%) potential transmission clusters included incident-incident transmissions. Independently, clustering was less likely in HIV subtype D (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 0.51 [95% CI 0.26–1.00]) than A and more likely in those living with an HIV-infected individual in the household (aOR = 6.30 [95% CI 3.40–11.68]). Conclusions A large proportion of HIV sexual transmissions occur within house-holds and within communities even in this key mobile population. The findings suggest localized HIV transmissions and hence a potential benefit for the test and treat approach even at a community level, coupled with intensified HIV counselling to identify early infections.
The Potato-Specific Apyrase Is Apoplastically Localized and Has Influence on Gene Expression, Growth, and Development1[W][OA]

Apyrases hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates and are found in all eukaryotes and a few prokaryotes. Although their enzymatic properties have been well characterized, relatively little is known regarding their subcellular localization and physiological function in plants. In this study, we used reverse genetic and biochemical approaches to investigate the role of potato (Solanum tuberosum)-specific apyrase. Silencing of the apyrase gene family with RNA interference constructs under the control of the constitutive 35S promoter led to a strong decrease in apyrase activity to below 10% of the wild-type level. This decreased activity led to phenotypic changes in the transgenic lines, including a general retardation in growth, an increase in tuber number per plant, and differences in tuber morphology. Silencing of apyrase under the control of a tuber-specific promoter led to similar changes in tuber morphology; however, there were no direct effects of apyrase inhibition on tuber metabolism. DNA microarrays revealed that decreased expression of apyrase leads to increased levels of transcripts coding for cell wall proteins involved in growth and genes involved in energy transfer and starch synthesis. To place these results in context, we determined the subcellular localization of the potato-specific apyrase. Using a combination of approaches, we were able to demonstrate that this enzyme is localized to the apoplast. We describe the evidence that underlies both this fact and that potato-specific apyrase has a crucial role in regulating growth and development.
The Pathophysiology of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (CSA-AKI)

Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a significant clinical problem. Its pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial. It likely involved at least six major injury pathways: exogenous and endogenous toxins, metabolic factors, ischemia and reperfusion, neurohormonal activation, inflammation and oxidative stress. These mechanisms of injury are likely to be active at different times with different intensity and probably act synergistically. Because of such complexity and the small number of randomised controlled investigations in this field only limited recommendations can be made. Nonetheless, it appears important to avoid nephrotoxic drugs and desirable to avoid hyperglycemia in the peri-operative period. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass should be limited whenever possible. Off-pump surgery, when indicated, may decrease the risk of AKI. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring focussed on attention to maintaining euvolemia, an adequate cardiac output and an adequate arterial blood pressure is desirable. Echocardiography may be useful in minimizing atheroembolic complications. The administration of N-acetylcysteine to protect the kidney from oxidative stress is not recommended. There is marked lack of randomised controlled trials in this field.
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Organizing and Implementing Export Pricing: Performance Effects and Moderating Factors

Relatively little is known about pricing in the export business, particularly how to organize and implement export pricing within firms and how these issues affect export performance. Therefore, this study investigates antecedents of export performance, specifically the organizational aspects of export pricing and price adaptation and the moderating role of export market characteristics, including export market turbulence, enforcement of contracts, and corruption ranks of the export market. Using a large-scale survey sample of 295 exporting firms in Austria and Germany and secondary data on the export markets involved, the authors show that both the intensity of internal pricing coordination and price adaptation have a positive effect on export performance. Specifically, in highly turbulent export markets, the intensity of internal pricing coordination contributes to export performance. Furthermore, a high level of horizontal dispersion of pricing authority is advisable in countries in which the enforcement of contracts is difficult.
User-Service Rating Prediction by Exploring Social Users' Rating Behaviors

With the boom of social media, it is a very popular trend for people to share what they are doing with friends across various social networking platforms. Nowadays, we have a vast amount of descriptions, comments, and ratings for local services. The information is valuable for new users to judge whether the services meet their requirements before partaking. In this paper, we propose a user-service rating prediction approach by exploring social users' rating behaviors. In order to predict user-service ratings, we focus on users' rating behaviors. In our opinion, the rating behavior in recommender system could be embodied in these aspects: 1) when user rated the item, 2) what the rating is, 3) what the item is, 4) what the user interest that we could dig from his/her rating records is, and 5) how the user's rating behavior diffuses among his/her social friends. Therefore, we propose a concept of the rating schedule to represent users' daily rating behaviors. In addition, we propose the factor of interpersonal rating behavior diffusion to deep understand users' rating behaviors. In the proposed user-service rating prediction approach, we fuse four factors-user personal interest (related to user and the item's topics), interpersonal interest similarity (related to user interest), interpersonal rating behavior similarity (related to users' rating behavior habits), and interpersonal rating behavior diffusion (related to users' behavior diffusions)-into a unified matrix-factorized framework. We conduct a series of experiments in the Yelp dataset and Douban Movie dataset. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach.
Comparison of PAM50 risk of recurrence score with oncotype DX and IHC4 for predicting risk of distant recurrence after endocrine therapy.

PURPOSE Risk of distant recurrence (DR) among women with estrogen receptor (ER) -positive early breast cancer is the major determinant of recommendations for or against chemotherapy. It is frequently estimated using the Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS). The PAM50 risk of recurrence (ROR) score provides an alternative approach, which also identifies intrinsic subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS mRNA from 1,017 patients with ER-positive primary breast cancer treated with anastrozole or tamoxifen in the ATAC trial was assessed for ROR using the NanoString nCounter. Likelihood ratio (LR) tests and concordance indices (c indices) were used to assess the prognostic information provided beyond that of a clinical treatment score (CTS) by RS, ROR, or IHC4, an index of DR risk derived from immunohistochemical assessment of ER, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki67. RESULTS ROR added significant prognostic information beyond CTS in all patients (Δ LR-χ(2) = 33.9; P < . 001) and in all four subgroups: node negative, node positive, HER2 negative, and HER2 negative/node negative; more information was added by ROR than by RS. C indices in the HER2-negative/node-negative subgroup were 0.73, 0.76, and 0.78 for CTS, CTS plus RS, and CTS plus ROR, respectively. More patients were scored as high risk and fewer as intermediate risk by ROR than by RS. Relatively similar prognostic information was added by ROR and IHC4 in all patients but more by ROR in the HER2-negative/node-negative group. CONCLUSION ROR provides more prognostic information in endocrine-treated patients with ER-positive, node-negative disease than RS, with better differentiation of intermediate- and higher-risk groups.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A spectrum of TDP‐43 proteinopathies

It is now established that pathological transactive response DNA‐binding protein with a Mr of 43 kD (TDP‐43) on sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is the major disease protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with ubiquitin‐positive inclusions (now known as FTLD‐TDP). In fact, the discovery of pathological TDP‐43 solidified the idea that these disorders are multi‐system diseases and this led to the concept of a TDP‐43 proteinopathy as a spectrum of disorders comprised of different clinical and pathological entities extending from ALS to ALS with cognitive impairment/dementia and FTLD‐TDP without or with motor neuron disease (FTLD‐MND). These align along a broad disease continuum sharing similar pathogenetic mechanisms linked to pathological TDP‐43. We here review salient findings in the development of a concept of TDP‐43 proteinopathy as a novel group of neurodegenerative diseases similar in concept to α‐synucleinopathies and tauopathies.