Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geographic distribution and genotypic diversity of resistance to powdery mildew of barley in Ethiopia

421 land race populations of barley collected from 91 Minimum Package areas in 12 provinces of Ethiopia were tested with seven powdery mildew cultures that had the corresponding virulences to 28 of the known genes for mildew resistance. 91% of the entries had resistance to one or more of the cultures. 28% of the entries were resistant to all the seven cultures. Resistance was controlled by two genes in only 22% of the entries. The genotypes of the resistant types were inferred for each province. 62 genotypes for resistance were identified for Shoa province and only 9 for Bale. Estimates of genotypic diversity for resistance were generally high for each province. The highest value is from Shoa (H' = 3.297) and the lowest from Bale (H' = 1.760). Centers of concentration for resistance are identified in northern, central and southern Ethiopia. Parallelism in the distributions of resistance to different diseases of barley and wheat is detected. Centers of concentration for resistance to one disease were also found to be centers to many other diseases. The possible strategy of protection against diseases in land race populations is discussed.
Review on Some Methods used in Image Restoration

The restoration image is manner of mending the inventive image by eradicating noise and fuzziness from image. Image fuzziness is troublesome to shun in several things similar shooting, to confiscate motion blur caused by camera stillness, measuring device imaging to eradicate the outcome of image scheme retort, etc. The aim of image restoration is guesstimate the innovative image from surveillance image despoiled by haziness and preservative noise as much as promising. Altered image restoration techniques have urbanized by many researches. In this review I will discuss different images restoration methods.
Dynamics of virus abundance in coastal seawater

The short term dynamics of virus abundance in coastal sea water was investigated by frequent sampling of open ecosystems and of water incubated in bottles in situ. Sampling intervals were 6–10 min. The viral abundance showed significant temporal fluctuations both in situ and in the bottles and it changed in some cases by a factor of 2–4 within 10–20 min. Laboratory incubations showed that production and release of viruses wre not induced or stimulated by nutrient addition, high light intensities or transient increase in temperatures ca. 10°C. Our interpretation of these results is that they result from synchronous lysis and release of virus particles from bacterial hosts and a rapid disintegration of these particles when released in sea water.
Molecular Detection of Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica based on Amoebapore C Gene in Fecal Samples of Camels from Babylon Province, Iraq

The attention in the current study was payed to the identification of pathogenic Entamoebahistolytica(PEH) using molecular techniques targetedtheamoebapore C (AP-C) gene in fecal samples of camels from Babylon province, Iraq. Fifty, 50 camels, fecal samples were collected and analyzed in a laboratory using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to detect the amplification of the AP-C gene. The results demonstrated that 28 (56%) out of 50 samples were positive for the presence of the AP-C gene. The findings showed high efficiency rate (99.7%) of the current used technique in detecting the gene in the fecal samples of camels.The present work provides interesting data about the current presence of the pathogenic Entamoebahistolytica in the feces of the tested camels from Babylon Province, Iraq.
Properties and Survival Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Armenian Cheeses and Matsuns

ABSTRACT More than 30 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from different sources (matsuns, cheeses) collected in various regions of Armenia. Four of them inhibit the growth of different test-organisms. Treatment of antibacterial agent with various enzymes established their nature of inhibition by protein bacteriocin or by hydrogen peroxide production. The isolated strains were evaluated according to their growth, acidity and antibacterial activities as well as according to their survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. All tested strains during both “stomach “phase and in gastro-intestinal tract phase kept large number of viable cells.
Predicted Secondary Malignancies following Proton versus Photon Radiation for Oropharyngeal Cancers

Purpose: There has been a recent epidemic of human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal cancer, accounting for 70% to 80% of diagnosed cases. These patients have an overall favorable prognosis and are typically treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Because these patients live longer, they are at risk of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) associated with radiation therapy. Therefore, we assessed the predicted risk of SMNs after adjuvant radiation therapy with intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) compared with intensity modulated photon radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients with HPV- positive oropharyngeal cancers after complete resection. Materials and Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers treated with postoperative radiation alone were selected. All patients were treated with pencil beam scanning IMPT to a total dose of 60 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. The IMRT plans were generated for clinical backup and were used for comparative purposes. The SMN risk was calculated based on an organ equivalent dose model for the linear-exponential dose-response curve. Results: Median age of the patient cohort was 63 years (range, 47-73 years). There was no difference in target coverage between IMPT and IMRT plans. We noted significant reductions in mean mandible, contralateral parotid, lung and skin organ equivalent doses with IMPT compared with IMRT plans (P < .001). Additionally, a significant decrease in the risk of SMNs with IMPT was observed for all the evaluated organs. Per our analysis, for patients with oropharyngeal cancers diagnosed at a national median age of 54 years with an average life expectancy of 27 years (per national Social Security data), 4 excess SMNs per 100 patients could be avoided by treating them with IMPT versus IMRT. Conclusions: Treatment with IMPT can achieve comparable target dose coverage while significantly reducing the dose to healthy organs, which can lead to fewer predicted SMNs compared with IMRT.
The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in Improving Financial Performance (Case study in Indonesian Islamic Bank)

The influence of social care by business entities to their financial performance has been continuously debated in previous management reseearch. Nevertheless, studies about the influence of CSR on Islamic banks financial performance were rarely done. Therefore, this studyaims to examine the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) on profitability as measured by Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Investment Account Holders (IAH) by debt and financing ratio. Data was obtained from Islamic banks in Indonesia through observation from 2012 to 2018 that analyzed by panel data regression and Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results showed that the CSRD did not have a positive influence on ROA, ROE, NPM, IAH, Debt, and Financing Ratio. Therefore, the legitimacy theory was not proven in this study.
Long-term Discount Rates in the Cross Section of Stocks

Long-term discount rate is different from short-term expected return. Long-term discount rate determines the level of equity valuation, whereas short-term return reflects the change in valuation. Long-term discount rate is relevant to corporate managers as it summarizes a firm's financing cost, while short-term expected return concerns investors who can trade dynamically. By applying the Gordon growth model and its two-stage variant, I empirically measure how long-term discount rates are correlated with various firm characteristics. I show that the relation between long-term discount rates and firm characteristics can be very different from that of the short-term expected returns. Characteristics predicting short-term returns do not always line up with long-term discount rates and vice versa. My findings highlight the mismatch between long-term discount rates and short-term expected returns, and document how firm characteristics are correlated with equity valuation levels.
Nonparametric estimate of spectral density functions of sample covariance matrices generated by VARMA models

Abstract The density function of the limiting spectral distribution(LSD) of sample covariance matrices is widely used in large scale statistical inference when the sample size and dimension both tend to infinity. However, there are no explicit expressions for the density function generated by vector autoregressive moving average(VARMA) models. For such models whose sample covariance matrices do not have independence structure in columns, we propose to use modified kernel estimators which are proved to be consistent. A simulation study is also conducted to show the performance of the estimators.
Característica da germinação e morfologia do endocarpo e plântula de taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) - Anacardiaceae

Tapereba (Spondias mombin L.) is a fruit species very appreciated in northern and northeastern Brazil. However, a few phytotechnical problems still persist, such as irregular and distributed germination along the time. The aim of the present paper was to study seed germination characteristics by pointing out some causes, which contribute for poor seed germination, as well as providing useful information for producing high quality seeds. The present study was carried out under environmental conditions at the Biological Science Institute in the Federal University of Amazonas. The endocarps were put to dry in the open air. After 24 h the masses of 20 endocarps were determined and then put to germinate; this procedure was repeated every five days for 135 days. Tapereba seeds lost no viability when put to dry in the air for 135 days. The seeds drying period diminished its average germination time. Tapereba endocarps are eurocarpic, each one containing from 1 to 4 viable seeds. Tapereba germination is the epigeous fanerocotiledonar type. Radicle and hypocotyls protrusion takes place on the truncated portion of the endocarp. More than one seed can germinate at the same time from the endocarp, yet only one main root will develop.
Genetic improvement of indigenous Greek sheep and goat breeds

ΠEΡΙΛΗΨΗ Στόχοι της eργασίας ήταν: (i) η ανασκόπηση των γeνeτικών μeλeτών της παραγωγικότητας και ανθeκτικότητας των eγχώριων φυλών προβάτων και αιγών καθώς και των eθνικών προγραμμάτων γeνeτικής βeλτίωσης και (ii) η διeρeύνηση καινοτόμων και eφικτών προσeγγίσeων για τη βeλτίωση των φυλών αυτών και την eνίσχυση της βιωσιμότητας του κλάδου της αιγοπροβατοτροφίας στη χώρα. Η μeλέτη της γeνeτικής βάσης των παραγωγικών χαρακτηριστικών των eγχώριων φυλών υποδeικνύeι την ύπαρξη γeνeτικού δυναμικού μe σημαντικά πeριθώρια βeλτίωσης. Ωστόσο, η έλλeιψη συνέχeιας μeταξύ των σχeτικών μeλeτών και της πρακτικής eφαρμογής τους έχeι πeριορίσeι σημαντικά την eνσωμάτωση eρeυνητικών αποτeλeσμάτων στα προγράμματα γeνeτικής βeλτίωσης. Eπιπρόσθeτα, η αδυναμία των κτηνοτρόφων να κατανοήσουν τη στρατηγική σημασία της γeνeτικής βeλτίωσης των eγχώριων φυλών και η απροθυμία τους να συνeισφέρουν οικονομικά στην eφαρμογή των προγραμμάτων eίχe ως αποτέλeσμα η χρηματοδότησή τους να βασιστeί σχeδόν αποκλeιστικά σe eθνικά ή κοινοτικά αναπτυξιακά προγράμματα. Το γeγονός αυτό οδήγησe σe διαλeίπουσα και πλημμeλή eφαρμογή τους. Όλα τα παραπάνω συνeτέλeσαν στην αποτυχία βeλτίωσης των παραγωγικών χαρακτηριστικών των eγχώριων φυλών αιγών και προβάτων μe αποτέλeσμα την απαξίωση και την αντικατάστασή τους από eισαγόμeνeς βeλτιωμένeς φυλές υψηλών αποδόσeων και τeκμηριωμένης γeνeτικής αξίας. Προκeιμένου να διeυκολύνουμe το σχeδιασμό eπιτυχημένων προγραμμάτων γeνeτικής βeλτίωσης, eίναι αναγκαίο να eνσωματώσουμe την υπάρχουσα τeχνογνωσία και καινοτόμeς τeχνολογίeς σe μία ολιστική προσέγγιση. Βασικοί άξονeς της παραπάνω προσέγγισης eίναι η eστιασμένη eπιλογή βeλτιωτικών στόχων μe βάση τις ανάγκeς του κλάδου και το δυναμικό της κάθe φυλής, και η αξιοποίηση των eρeυνητικών αποτeλeσμάτων στην πράξη. Η eφαρμογή της γονιδιωματικής eπιλογής και σύγχρονων αναπαραγωγικών τeχνολογιών θα συμβάλλeι στην ταχύτeρη και αποδοτικότeρη βeλτίωση των eπιθυμητών χαρακτηριστικών. Η διeπιστημονική συνeργασία για τον στρατηγικό σχeδιασμό και την eφαρμογή καινοτόμων προγραμμάτων γeνeτικής βeλτίωσης αναμένeται να eνισχύσeι την ανταγωνιστικότητα των eγχώριων φυλών αιγών και προβάτων και τη βιωσιμότητα του κλάδου.
Biological Oxidations and P450 Reactions

Orthologs of a previously identified CYP1B subfamily designated CYP1B1, which are constitutively expressed in mammary, uterine, and embryonic cells, have previously been functionally linked to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) metabolism. A chimeric construct of mouse CYP1B1 in which the 20 NH2-terminal amino acids have been replaced by eight residues from human CYP17 has been expressed inEscherichia coli.This recombinant mouse CYP1B1 (recCYP1B1m) exhibited DMBA metabolism accurately reproducing the characteristic product distribution and specific activity of 3.4 nmol/nmol P450/min seen in C3H10T1/2 cells from which this cDNA has been cloned. The high proportion of 10,11- and 3,4-dihydrodiols and near absence of 5,6-dihyrodiol- and 7-hydroxy-DMBA metabolites are seen only in rodent microsomes where CYP1B1 is highly expressed. This distribution of products from recCYP1B1mwas highly dependent on addition of epoxide hydrolase, particularly the ratio of 3,4-dihydrodiol to 4-phenol metabolites. These characteristics in addition to inhibition by antibodies raised to recCYP1B1mestablish that the CYP1B1 cDNA indeed encodes the P450 responsible for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolism from C3H10T1/2 cells. DMBA metabolites from cDNA-expressed human CYP1B1 (recCYP1B1h) however, exhibited a different regioselectivity toward DMBA resembling human CYP1A1 catalyzed DMBA metabolism. Reconstitution of recCYP1B1mwith different concentrations of NADPH-P450 reductase indicated a high affinity interaction with an apparentKmof 3 nm. Large PAH such as benz[a]pyrene, benz[e]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, DMBA, 3-methylcholanthrene, and 1-ethynylpyrene bound to recCYP1B1mwith high affinity (Kd0.08 to 0.22 μM) concomitant with substantial spectral shifts (40% low to high spin state change). Smaller PAHs like pyrene, phenanthrene, and naphthalene neither produced spectral changes nor inhibited the spectral change caused by benz[a]pyrene. Among tested steroids, progesterone bound weakly to recCYP1B1m(Kd> 20 μm) with a comparable spectral shift and was a weak inhibitor of DMBA metabolism, but was not metabolized. While 17β-estradiol is a substrate for human CYP1B1 we have found no evidence for binding to mouse CYP1B1. This data establishes CYP1B1 as an important contributor to activation of PAHs, particularly in extra hepatic tissues that are susceptible to cancer where CYP1B1 in contrast to CYP1A1 is constitutively expressed.
Climatic adaptation of bud set and frost hardiness in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

La variation dans le moment ou le bourgeon terminal est forme et la resistance au gel est acquise a ete etudiee chez des semis de pin sylvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) âges de 1 an. La formation du bourgeon terminal et la resistance au gel montraient une variation clinale par rapport a la latitude le long d'un fort gradient environnemental (60 a 67°N) en Finlande. Les populations septentrionales formaient leur bourgeon terminal et devenaient resistantes au gel plus tot que les populations meridionales. Les populations issues de retrocroisements ((nord x sud) x sud) se situaient a mi-chemin ou pres des parents d'origine meridionale pour la formation du bourgeon terminal et la resistance au gel comparativement aux caracteristiques des populations dont provenaient les parents. Dans le cas de la formation du bourgeon terminal, la variation entre les populations representait 36,4% de la variation totale. La date a laquelle le bourgeon terminal etait forme et l'acquisition de la resistance au gel etaient fortement correlees (r = 0,69-0,97) au sein des populations. L'acquisition de la resistance au gel debutait pendant la periode de formation du bourgeon terminal et s'accelerait lorsque la plupart des bourgeons etaient formes. Dans les descendances issues de retrocroisements, l'acquisition de la resistance au gel survenait plus tot si le bourgeon terminal se formait plus tot. Les resultats suggerent qu'il existe une association d'ordre genetique entre les deux caracteres.
Growth of Nitrobacter by dissimilatoric nitrate reduction

Eight strains of the genus Nitrobacter grew under anaerobic conditions in the presence of nitrate. The growth was inhibited by nitrate concentrations above 0.5 mM. By a special culture technique inhibition caused by nitrite was abolished. Nitrate oxidizing cells grew in gas tight culture flasks as a biofilm on a gas-permeable silicone tubing. The biofilm allowed nitrate-reducing cells to grow at a low nitrite concentration. These cells grew either actively motile in the anaerobic medium, or in anaerobic zones of the biofilm. They produced nitrite and ammonia. Nitrogen balance calculations established a loss of inorganic nitrogen for 5 of 8 strains. This implies that nitrate-reducing cells produced furthermore volatile nitrogen compounds. N2O was detected by gas chromatography.
Pairing-Based Approach to Support Understanding of Object-Oriented Concepts and Programming

Blended learning comprises various learning modes with the support of digital resources. It has been a critical element in 21st-century teaching and learning environment at multiple levels of education, mainly tertiary level. In the software engineering field, pair programming is one of the techniques in Xtreme Programming principles in Agile software development methodology. Although pair programming is well-known among practitioners, studies have shown that pair programming can support computer science or software engineering students at higher learning institutions to understand the concepts in programming. Indeed, pair programming could support active learning among students. Inspired by pair programming, this study proposes that pairing-based pedagogy or “pairgogy” in blended learning could also increase students’ confidence and interest in completing theoretical in-class exercises not limited to programming tasks with the support of an e-learning system. The proposed approach was applied to teaching object-oriented concepts using Java programs. The findings reflect that both pair programming and “pairgogy” complement each other as a pairing-based approach in blended learning to support understanding of object-oriented concepts and programming. Students’ responses towards the approach applied in a semester were positive. The study also implies that most students preferred to be a driver, the person doing the program rather than a navigator who guides drivers on what to program. In this approach, students were also required to complete the in-class theoretical questions in pairs by tracing given programs and answered via the e-learning. Thus, the pairing-based approach has proven to be beneficial to support students in learning programming.
SCREENING OF ASPERGILLUS FUNGI FOR EXTRA CELLULAR PROTEASE AND COLLAGENASE PRODUCTION

A bstract. Protease and collagenase are the most important enzymes used for the processing of meat raw materials. In the meat industry, proteolytic enzymes are used to accelerate the maturation of meat and increase its yield. The use of enzyme preparations in meat processing makes it possible to rationally use meat raw materials, intensify technological processes, improve quality and expand the range of products. Collagenase, unlike protease, acts on those connective proteins of meat raw materials that determine its stiffness, breaking down hard-hydrolyzable and non-digestible collagen. The aim of this study was selection of strains of industrially valuable micromycetes from the collection of micromycetes that have the ability to synthesize extracellular protease and collagenase and create a fungal association. A comparative characterization of 7 strains of micromycetes of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium potential producers of protease and collagenase enzymes, was carried out. A. awamori 16 and A. awamori 22 showed the highest clearance zones and was used for further studies. The clearance zones of casein of A. awamori 16 on day 5 were 22.8 mm, and collagen 20.8 mm, while the clearance zones of casein of A. awamori 22 were 20.1 mm, and collagen 19.1 mm. K eyw ords: Aspergillus, enzymes, protease, collagenase.
Analysis of the Stayability in Milk Buffaloes using Survival Models

Abstract In this study the trait Stayability (SA) was evaluated according to the year of cull after first calvin, i.e., SA 1 to 6 for 1 to 6 years from first calving in lactating females from bubaline milk herds spread in nine farms located in São Paulo state. Informations were used regarding 1027 lactating Murrah breed buffaloes. The statistical analyses were made using LIFEREG (SAS, 1999) procedure. The SA was evaluated using the fixed effects: farm production, birth year, calving season (Season 1- April to September and Season 2 October - March) and class of milk yield at 270 days. The age at first calving (AFC) was considered as a random effect. The mean observed for total milk yield was 1458.75Kg. Calving Season 2 encloses 65.6% of births. The means of cull age, in months, and the percentage of SA were, respectively: 10.69 e 69% (SA1), 19.30 e 63% (SA2), 26.4 e 54% (SA3), 33.15 e 42% (SA4), 38.53 e 36% (SA5) e 42.65 e 26% (SA6). It is verified that most of culls happens after the first lactation, among the sixth and eleventh month after first calving. It was observed that the factors: farm production, birth year and class of milk yield at 270 days affected significantly all SAs. Factors like calving season and the age at first calving (AFC) were only significant for SA1. Being significant the factor AFC in level of 1% and factor time in 10%. For other SAs these factors were not statistically significant.
The Siberian Flying Squirrel (Pteromys Volans L.) in Estonia

Since the beginning of the 20th century the number of the Siberian flying squirrel habitats has decreased mainly due to the destruction of good nesting and hiding places. The aim of the current paper is to give an overview of the state of the Siberian flying squirrel in Estonia: changes and trends in its distribution, habitat selection and abundance. To estimate the changes in the distribution of the Siberian flying squirrel population in Estonia reference to the data available in literature (1845–2002) as well as the data collected during the period 1985–2002 was made. During the study period (1992–1994) 40 nesting trees were studied to describe the main habitats in home-ranges. The number of Siberian flying squirrels was estimated on five monitoring sites during 1995–2002. In comparison with the first period (up to 1939), its distribution range declined by 21% during 1940–1979 and almost by 50% during 1980–2001. Today there are 62 registered sites of the Siberian flying squirrel in Estonia. All nesting .