Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Radiotherapy within the scope of allogeneic kidney transplantation: an indication for local irradiation?].

PURPOSE In the past decades the indications for local graft irradiation (LGI) in acute renal transplant rejection have been limited and considered unfavorably. Despite major advantages in maintenance immunosuppression and management of acute allograft rejection a minority of patients remains with drug resistant transplant rejection. This subgroup of patients may benefit from LGI. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1979 and 1990, eight patients with biopsy-proven acute renal allograft rejection and failure of all other immunosuppressive measures (corticosteroids, ATG, ALG or OKT3) were treated with LGI. Retrospective analysis was conducted for this control group. Radiotherapy was performed with Co-60 up to a median total dose of 6.0 Gy (single doses: 1.5-2.0 Gy). Six of eight patients were dialysis dependent prior to irradiation. In addition a literature review was performed including most important textbooks, electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Science Citations Index), and the internet. RESULTS Two of eight patients experienced a clinical reversal of rejection and an improvement of renal function: serum creatinine decreased significantly. One patient remained free of dialysis with a functioning graft, the other had a recurrent rejection 2 months later and became dialysis dependent. The literature review showed, that adjuvant LGI has no advantage over conventional immunosuppression. However, in case of a drug refractory allograft rejection LGI restores long-term stable organ function in 13-60% of cases. CONCLUSION The value of LGI of organ transplants, like renal allografts, is still not clearly defined. As a rescue measure in drug refractory allograft rejection special patients may clinically benefit, when a transplant nephrectomy can be avoided. Further prospective clinical trials are needed for a better assessment of LGI in organ transplantation.
Detection by Hybridization of Viral Infection of the Human Central Nervous System a

Studies of animal models of demyelination and investigation of the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) both point to the possibility of virus infection as one inciting factor in the disease, but until recently there has been little evidence for the central prediction of this hypothesis, persistence of viruses in the human brain. Advances in technology, particularly in methods for detecting virus genes by hybridization, have now provided us with our first glimpse of an indigenous viral flora of the brain, and
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6: Gaze‐evoked and vertical nystagmus, Purkinje cell degeneration, and variable age of onset

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) was recently identified as a form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with small expansions of the trinucleotide repeat (CAG)n in the gene CACNL1A4 on chromosome 19p13, which encodes the α1 subunit of a P/Q‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel. We describe clinical, genetic, neuroimaging, neuropathological, and quantitative oculomotor studies in four kindreds with SCA6. We found strong genetic linkage of the disease to the CACNL1A4 locus and strong association with the expanded (CAG)n alleles in two large ataxia kindreds. The expanded alleles were all of a single size (repeat number) within the two large kindreds, numbering 22 and 23 repeat units. It is noteworthy that the age of onset of ataxia ranged from 24 to 63 years among all affected individuals, despite the uniform repeat number. Radiographically and pathologically, there was selective atrophy of the cerebellum and extensive loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex. In addition, clinical and quantitative measurement of extraocular movements demonstrated a characteristic pattern of ocular motor and vestibular abnormalities, including horizontal and vertical nystagmus and an abnormal vestibulo‐ocular reflex. These studies identify a distinct phenotype associated with this newly recognized form of dominant SCA.
An Improved Detection Based on Lattice Reduction in MIMO Systems

In this paper, list detection based on lattice reduction (LDLR) in MIMO systems is proposed. By generating a list of candidate transmit symbol vectors we can improve the performance of linear detection based on lattice reduction and successive interference cancellation based on lattice reduction significantly. The performance improvement is demonstrated by computer simulations, which also show that a list with two entries is enough for the MMSE based detection to approach the maximum likelihood (ML) detection at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in case of (4,4) MIMO
Hemodynamics of the Developing Cardiovascular System

The development of the heart represents an intriguing, yet poorly understood interrelationship of function and form. Early in development, the heart is a pulsatile musclewrapped tube that transforms through morphogenesis into a four-chambered, fourvalved pump with separate systemic and pulmonary circulations. The cellular processes involved in morphogenesis are an intriguing aspect of cardiac development. The eventual shape and function of the heart is a complex interrelationship of genetics and epigenetics. The biochemical forces generated by the embryonic heart participate in the ultimate shape through modulation of the developmental process. Our research team has spent the last decade studying the interrelationship of function and form in cardiac development. This chapter summarizes our extensive studies of normal hemodynamic function and new work that links work load and heart growth. We have chosen the chick embryo model for several reasons. First, this is a widely accepted model of vertebrate heart development. Second, many laboratories are studying cellular and molecular biology of normal cardiac development. Third, the access to the chick embryo, although complicated, is not as difficult as a mammalian model. Accurate physiologic measurement required the adaptation of a variety of techniques to measure pressure and flow in the embryonic heart. We measured blood flow with a 20 MHz pulse Doppler velocity system and piezoelectric crystals between 0.5 and 0.75 mm in diameter. ' Pressure measurements were made with a servo-null micropressure system from 5 micron diameter probes inserted into the various portions of the cardiovascular system. ' These techniques have been detailed in our previous publications and are now used by other laboratories in their own studies of cardiovascular de~elopment. ~. ~ The period of initial heart formation is characterized by morphogenesis of the heart and by rapid growth of the embryo and the extraembryonic vascular bed. The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to meet the metabolic demands of the body, delivering nutrients and removing metabolic waste products from areas of rapid growth. Remarkably, the heart continues these roles during the process of heart formation and adaptation of marked hemodynamic demands. Growth of the embryo and the extraembryonic bed is extremely rapid. From stage 12 to 29,4 there is nearly a 120-fold increase in embryo mass (FIG. 1). During this time, the extraembryonic vascular bed responsible for gas exchange and nutrient delivered from the yolk sac increases only 30-fold. The relative weight of the ventricle
Suppression of EGF-induced tumor cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by capsaicin via the inhibition of EGFR-mediated FAK/Akt, PKC/Raf/ERK, p38 MAPK, and AP-1 signaling.

SCOPE Capsaicin is a cancer-suppressing agent. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of capsaicin on tumor invasion and migration; the possible mechanisms involved in this inhibition were investigated in human fibrosarcoma cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed invasion, migration and gelatin zymography assays to characterize the effect of capsaicin on HT-1080 cells. Transient transfection assays and immunoblot analysis were performed to study its molecular mechanisms of action. Capsaicin inhibited the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2, and further inhibited cell invasion and migration. Capsaicin decreased the EGF-induced expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP, but did not alter TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels. Capsaicin suppressed EGF-induced c-Jun and c-Fos nuclear translocation, and also abrogated the EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Akt, extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and JNK1/2, an upstream modulator of AP-1. Furthermore, the EGFR inhibitor inhibited EGF-induced MMP-9 expression, as well as AP-1 activity and cell migration. CONCLUSION Capsaicin inhibited the EGF-induced invasion and migration of human fibrosarcoma cells via EGFR-dependent FAK/Akt, PKC/Raf/ERK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and AP-1 signaling, leading to the down-regulation of MMP-9 expression. These results indicate the role of capsaicin as a potent anti-metastatic agent, which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of fibrosarcoma cells.
Behavioral problems in dementia

PREVIEW Behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders are common throughout all stages of these dementing illnesses. They are a major source of caregiver distress and can lead to premature institutionalization of the patient if not properly addressed. Fortunately, such behaviors are often treatable. In this article, Dr Smith outlines ways to manage behavioral problems in dementia with pharmacologic as well as nonpharmacologic approaches. Throughout, she emphasizes that proper treatment of problem behaviors in this vulnerable population requires the education and patience of caregivers and physicians alike.
[Diffuse axonal lesions in childhood].

OBJECTIVE About 48% of all primary traumatic intracranial lesions are represented by so-called Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI): a pathologic condition characterized by multiple microscopic lesions and hemorrhage at the level of midline cerebral structures, in the subcortical grey matter, and/or within the brainstem. The natural history of DAI is depressing: 100% of the patients deteriorate rapidly to coma and approximately 50% die, while 50% remain in a vegetative state or with severe neurological deficits. In the present report, we describe the results of a study aimed to evaluating the cerebral hemodynamics and the neuroradiological findings observed in four children (6, 8, 10 and 12 years old) affected by DAI. METHODS All the patients had been admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 5. On admission, all patients underwent mechanical ventilation, antiedemigen and barbiturates therapy. Serial CT scan and Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) examinations were carried out in all children. TCD of the middle cerebral arteries was performed through the temporal window. The children underwent insertion of a ventricular catheter for intracranial pressure monitoring. Follow-up time has been, respectively, 4 years, 3 years, 7 and 1 months. RESULTS The Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) of three children is 2 (persistent vegetative state), while the GOS of the one child is 3 (severe neurological deficits). CONCLUSION DAI results in unfortunate prognosis and large health care costs. The proper medical management of this condition should be based on TCD and SjO2 and CEO2 evaluations, in order to monitor efficaciously the cerebral blood flow.
METÁFORAS LEXICAIS EM ESTRUTURAS VERBAIS E MENTAIS EM NOTÍCIAS DE POPULARIZAÇÃO DA CIÊNCIA

O objetivo desta dissertacao de mestrado foi identificar e descrever metaforas lexicais em noticias de popularizacao da ciencia (PC) a partir dos elementos da lexico-gramatica. Com base na Linguistica Sistemico-Funcional, trabalhamos os conceitos de metafora lexical, metafora gramatical e transitividade a fim de analisarmos as metaforas lexicais em 30 noticias de PC selecionadas nas revistas BBC News International e Scientific American (Motta-Roth, 2007). Pela transitividade, observamos as estruturas especificadas por cada processo e os sentidos que lhes sao pertinentes. Quando esses sentidos sao construidos de modo nao literal ou nao congruente, temos uma metafora lexical, que e causada pela tensao semântica existente entre processo e seu(s) participante(s). A metafora lexical pode se configurar como uma metafora propriamente dita, quando ha relacao de semelhanca entre termos; em metonimia, quando ha relacao de contiguidade entre termos; e em personificacao, quando termos referentes a seres inanimados sao descritos como possuidores de habilidades ou caracteristicas humanas. A partir da nossa analise, verificamos maior ocorrencia de metafora, seguida da ocorrencia de metonimia e de personificacao. As metaforas apresentaram campos semânticos variados, embora os mais comuns foram referentes a guerra e a engenharia. As metonimias mais frequentes foram do tipo em que estudos, relatorios e resultados foram nomeados em detrimento de seus pesquisadores (pesquisa por pesquisador) e do tipo em que instituicoes de pesquisa, governamentais e relacionadas a saude foram nomeadas em detrimento de seus responsaveis (instituicao pelos responsaveis), causando a despersonalizacao dos sujeitos. A maioria dos casos de metonimias foram, concomitantemente, classificados como personificacoes em que, principalmente, pesquisas em geral e instituicoes tornaram-se agentes criadores e propagadores do conhecimento cientifico e de acoes variadas relacionadas a decisoes no campo da ciencia. Assim, metaforas lexicais foram amplamente constatadas em nosso corpus, principalmente em oracoes dependentes projetadas.
320-Gb/s single-channel pseudolinear transmission over 200 km of nonzero-dispersion fiber

Single-channel transmission at 320 Gb/s is demonstrated over record length of 200 km of nonzero-dispersion fiber. Typical terrestrial amplifier spacing of 100 km is achieved by using pseudolinear transmission and distributed Raman amplification. Stable semiconductor electroabsorption modulators are used in the transmitter, demultiplexer, and clock recovery, and uncorrelated multiplexing is employed in the OTDM transmitter.
Onchomycosis: an overview.

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit, more common in toenails than in fingernails, and caused by a variety of fungi including dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds, and Candida. There are 4 to 5 subtypes related to the method of fungal invasion of the nail unit, the most common being distal lateral subungual onychomycosis. Here the fungus enters the distal lateral part of the nail bed, the region of the hyponychium, often as an extension of tinea pedis. Hyperkeratosis occurs under the nail plate, resulting in detachment of the nail plate from the nail bed (onycholysis), with subungual thickening.
Utilization of lipids during early development of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus

Detailed studies of lipid utilization during bivalve development have shown that lipids are important at 2 critical periods: embryogenesis and metamorphosis. Using the latroscan TLC/FID system I examined lipid class utilization during development of Evechinus chloroticus to determine whether lipids were also important for an echinoderm at these times. Eggs of E. chloroticus contained 34.41 ng of lipid, primarily polar lipids (52.0 %) and triglyceride (29.4 %). To determine whether there was a different pattern of lipid utilization between larvae reared in the presence or absence of particulate food, larvae were either fed 6000 cells ml -1 Dunaliella every 2 d or starved. While there was no change in the amount of total, structural or energy storage lipids over time, there was a significant difference in the amount of structural lipids between Fed and Starved treatments. This was related to the continuing development of Fed larvae and cessation of development of Starved larvae at the 4-arm pluteus stage. In both treatments, triglycerides were rapidly utilized from the early 4-arm echinopluteus to the late 4-arm larva with fully developed arms and gut. Another neutral lipid, free fatty acid, accumulated in the 8-arm echinopluteus stage of the Fed larvae. This suggests that lipid stored during the planktonic phase, in combination with the proximate constituents of the larval body, provides the energy for the metamorphic and perimetamorphic periods in echinoderm development. Thus sea urchins, as in bivalves, appear to have 2 critical periods for lipid use during development.
Contact Toxicity, Feeding Reduction, and Repellency of Essential Oils from Three Plants from the Ginger Family (Zingiberaceae) and their Major Components Against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum

ABSTRACT The essential oils from rhizomes of Alpinia conchigera Griff, Zingiber zerumbet Smitt, Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe; their major compounds (camphene, camphor, 1,8-cineole, &agr;-humulene, isoborneol, &agr;-pinene, &bgr;-pinene and terpinen-4-ol); and synthetic essential oils comprised of mixtures of major pure compounds in the same ratios as the extracted essential oils were tested for contact, feeding reduction, and repellency against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults. Via topical applications, the three extracted oils had similar toxicity against S. zeamais (LD50, fiducial limits: 18–24 µg oil/mg insect). T. castaneum had similar sensitivity to all three oils (35–58 µg/mg), and it was less sensitive than S. zeamais. The LD50 values of synthetic A. conchigera and synthetic Z. zerumbet oils were similar to those of their corresponding extracted essential oils. The synthetic C. zedoaria oils showed lower contact toxicity than the extracted C. zedoaria oils to both insects. Sitophilus zeamais and T. castaneum were sensitive to terpinen-4-ol and isoborneol in contact toxicity tests. In antifeedant tests, the three extracted oils were able to decrease the consumption of flour disks, especially Z. zerumbet oils, whereas both insect species could feed on the flour disks treated with three synthetic essential oils. Only terpinen-4-ol deterred feeding in both insects. In repellency tests, A. conchigera oils at highest concentration repelled S. zeamais and T. castaneum. None of the synthetic essential oils repelled S. zeamais (315 µl/cm2) and T. castaneum (31 µl/cm2). Only terpinen-4-ol showed repellent activity against both insects.
Series in Informatics Scalable Routing for Tag-Based Information-Centric Networking

Routing in information-centric networking remains an open problem. The main issue is scalability. Traditional IP routing can be used with name prefixes, but it is believed that the number of prefixes will grow too large. A related problem is the use of per-packet in-network state (to cut loops and return data to consumers). We develop a routing scheme that solves these problems. The service model of our informationcentric network supports information pull and push using tag sets as information descriptors. Within this service model, we propose a routing scheme that supports forwarding along multiple loop-free paths, aggregates addresses for scalability, does not require per-packet network state, and leads to near-optimal paths on average. We evaluate the scalability of our routing scheme, both in terms of memory and computational complexity, on the full Internet AS-level topology and on the internal networks of representative ASes using realistic distributions of content and users extrapolated from traces of popular applications. For example, a population of 500 million users requires a routing information base of 3.8GB with an almost flat growth and, in this case, a routing update (one content descriptor) can be processed in less than 5ms on commodity hardware. We conclude that information-centric networking is feasible, even with (or perhaps thanks to) addresses consisting of expressive content descriptors. Report Info Published February 2014 Number USI-INF-TR-2014-01 Institution Faculty of Informatics Università della Svizzera italiana Lugano, Switzerland Online Access www.inf. usi.ch/techreports
Measuring Stroke Volume: Impedance Cardiography vs Phase‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background Determination of cardiac output requires measurement of both heart rate and stroke volume. Techniques for measuring heart rate are widespread, and 1 technique for bedside monitoring of stroke volume is electrical impedance cardiography. Objectives To determine the accuracy and precision of stroke volume measured via impedance cardiography and whether the technique can be used to detect trends. Methods Eleven healthy research participants (22‐52 years old) were examined with simultaneous impedance cardiography and phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during exercise. Bland‐Altman analysis with repeated‐measures correction was used to compare stroke volumes determined with the 2 methods. The suitability of impedance cardiography for detecting trends in stroke volume was analyzed by using the Critchley radial limits of agreement method. Results Phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging indicated a mean stroke volume of 87 (SD, 16) mL at rest; in 9 volunteers, it changed during exercise (P = .04 to P < .001); in 2 volunteers, it did not (P = .32, P = .06). For the range of stroke‐volume measurements (60‐122 mL), impedance cardiography yielded underestimates of stroke volumes at the low end (bias, −17 mL) and overestimates at the high end (bias, +17 mL; P < .001). Corresponding 95% limits of agreement were 64 mL, a 73% overestimate or underestimate of stroke volume at rest. Critchley radial limits of agreement indicated poor concordance of stroke‐volume trends. Conclusions Impedance cardiography had low accuracy and precision in measuring absolute stroke volume and was a poor detector of stroke‐volume trends. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2017;26:408‐415)
OCCURRENCE OF SUCCESSFUL MULTIPLE INSEMINATION OF FEMALES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DEER MICE (PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS)

The possibility that populations of' small mammals are subdivided into highly isolated demes of small size has been a point of contention in the literature. Much of the evidence supporting this demic structure concept has been accumulated by studies on house mice (Mus musculus) (e.g., Selander, 1970; Anderson, 1964, 1965). Anderson (1970) has used this evidence as support for a model of local population subdivision involving highly complex spatial and temporal structuring, which he suggests is likely to be characteristic of rodent populations in general. This paper is a report of direct evidence of frequent multiple male parentage within single litters in natural populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Thus in these populations the social units (if, in fact, they exist) must be large enough to include two, or probably more, breeding males. This is quite unlike the social structure described by Brown (1969) in Apodernus populations and Selander (1970) in Mus populations, in which one dominant male is thought to do most, if not all, of the breeding.