Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of hypogonadism in diabetic men in Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan, Iran

Objective: Low testosterone, with or without symptoms, reported in diabetic men in some studies. We investigated the prevalence of hypogonadism in Iranian type 2 diabetic men. Materials and Methods: Total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured in 247 diabetic men >30 years who had symptoms of androgen deficiency, according to ADAMs questionnaire. The correlation between some parameters and total, free and bioavailable testosterone levels was determined using Pearson correlation coefficient. Free and bioavailable testosterone were calculated by electronic calculator. Four patients were excluded because of high testosterone level, due to unreported androgen use. Overt hypogonadism was defined as total testosterone ≤8 nmol/l or calculated bioavailable testosterone (cBT)≤2.5 nmol/l and borderline hypogonadism was considered as TT 8-12 nmol/l or cBT 2.5-4nmol/l. Results: The mean and SD of age was 59 (9.3) years. The mean TT, calculated free testosterone (cFT), and cBT and SHBG levels were 4.81 (1.7) nmol/l, 0.11 (0.06) nmol/l, 2.42 (1.17) nmol/l and 36.15 (18.3) nmol/l, respectively. According to TT and cBT, overt hypogonadism observed in 7.4% and 61.6% of men, respectively, and the prevalence of borderline hypogonadism was 9.9% and 36%, respectively. cFT ≤0.16 nmol/l found in 227 diabetic men (96%). Hypogonadism (TT ≤12 nmol/l) was not correlated with obesity, smoking, age,duration of diabetes, blood pressure, and HbA1c. Conclusion: Hypogonadism is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes men.
Extremely high-Q tunable inductor for Si-based RF integrated circuit applications

A novel tunable inductor with an extremely high Q is described. The inductor consists of coupled RF and drive coils, which employs phase shifting of the mutual components and demonstrates measured results of over 100% inductance tuning and a significant decrease in resistive losses resulting in a measured Q of about 2000.
Michelle Stefano, Peter Davis, e Gerard Corsane, eds. - Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage: Touching the Intangible

E devido ao interesse que a nova categoria Patrimonio Cultural Imaterial (PCI) tem suscitado a escala internacional por via da Convencao da UNESCO para a Salvaguarda do Patrimonio Cultural Imaterial (2003) que nos ultimos anos tem surgido varios estudos que problematizam este enfoque. Com a edicao de Michelle Stefano, Peter Davis e Gerard Corsane (The International Centre for Cultural & Heritage Studies, Newcastle University) este volume pretende trazer novas perspetivas e uma analise critica.
Acetylation: a regulatory modification to rival phosphorylation?

The fact that histones are modified by acetylation has been known for almost 30 years. The recent identification of enzymes that regulate histone acetylation has revealed a broader use of this modification than was suspected previously. Acetylases are now known to modify a variety of proteins, including transcription factors, nuclear import factors and α‐tubulin. Acetylation regulates many diverse functions, including DNA recognition, protein–protein interaction and protein stability. There is even a conserved structure, the bromodomain, that recognizes acetylated residues and may serve as a signalling domain. If you think all this sounds familiar, it should be. These are features characteristic of kinases. So, is acetylation a modification analogous to phosphorylation? This review sets out what we know about the broader substrate specificity and regulation of acetylases and goes on to compare acetylation with the process of phosphorylation.
FOXA1 overexpression mediates endocrine resistance by altering the ER transcriptome and IL-8 expression in ER-positive breast cancer

Significance One of the mechanisms of endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive (+) breast cancer is the cross-talk between the ER and growth factor receptor pathways leading to altered ER activity and a reprogrammed ER-dependent transcriptome. However, key mediators of this ER-dependent transcriptional reprogramming remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) up-regulation via gene amplification or overexpression contributes to endocrine resistance and increased invasiveness phenotypes by altering the ER-dependent transcriptome. We further show that IL-8, one of the top altered FOXA1/ER effectors, plays a key role in mediating these phenotypes and is a potential target to treat ER+/FOXA1-high breast cancer. Our findings provoke a new interplay of FOXA1 in the ER transcriptional program in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) is a pioneer factor of estrogen receptor α (ER)–chromatin binding and function, yet its aberration in endocrine-resistant (Endo-R) breast cancer is unknown. Here, we report preclinical evidence for a role of FOXA1 in Endo-R breast cancer as well as evidence for its clinical significance. FOXA1 is gene-amplified and/or overexpressed in Endo-R derivatives of several breast cancer cell line models. Induced FOXA1 triggers oncogenic gene signatures and proteomic profiles highly associated with endocrine resistance. Integrated omics data reveal IL8 as one of the most perturbed genes regulated by FOXA1 and ER transcriptional reprogramming in Endo-R cells. IL-8 knockdown inhibits tamoxifen-resistant cell growth and invasion and partially attenuates the effect of overexpressed FOXA1. Our study highlights a role of FOXA1 via IL-8 signaling as a potential therapeutic target in FOXA1-overexpressing ER-positive tumors.
Perspectives in medicine. Generalizability of homogenous samples in clinical trials.

Clinicians face a tremendous challenge in staying abreast of the medical literature. They must be particularly cautious to assess the safety and efficacy of new tests and treatments. Advances in research methodology have led to increasing use of homogenous or restricted samples. While this may improve the quality of the research design and reduce costs, there is a loss of generalizability. Often journal reports do not provide sufficient information so the clinician can decide whether the data and results reported are applicable to a patient population. This is particularly important to clinicians whose patients come predominantly from "special populations. " Investigators, journal editors and clinicians need to increase their efforts to maximize considerations of generalizability in clinical trials.
Time‐lapse in vivo imaging of the morphological development of Xenopus optic tectal interneurons

Excitatory and inhibitory interneurons play a key role in the establishment of neuronal responses and circuit properties in the brain. Despite their importance in brain function, the structural development of interneurons has not been well studied. We used in vivo time‐lapse imaging in intact anesthetized Xenopus tadpoles to determine the morphological events underlying the development of interneuron dendritic arbor structure. Single optic tectal neurons were labeled with DiI and imaged at daily intervals over 4 days in intact albino Xenopus tadpoles. The same neurons were also imaged at shorter intervals to determine the dynamic rearrangements in arbor branches that accompany large‐scale arbor growth. Tectal interneurons, like projection neurons, develop from neuroepithelial cells located near the ventricular layer. They elaborate complex dendritic arbors over a period of 2 days. Short‐interval time‐lapse images reveal that tectal interneuron arbors have rapid rates of branch additions and retractions. We identified four patterns of interneuron arbor development, based on the cell morphology and types of structural rearrangements that occur over the development of the neuronal arbor. A surprising feature of interneuronal development is the large extent of structural rearrangements: many interneurons extend transient processes so that the neuronal structure is dramatically different from one day to the next. Because the majority of synaptic contacts are formed on dendrites, the structural changes we observed in interneuronal dendritic arbors suggest that optic tectal circuits are extremely plastic during early stages of development. J. Comp. Neurol. 459:392–406, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and Comparison of Two Fault-Tolerant Interior-Permanent-Magnet Motors

The aim of this paper is to design and investigate two fault-tolerant interior-permanent-magnet motors for high reliability operation. The first one is the spoke type, while the second one has V-shape magnets embedded in the rotor. The structures and features of both motors are presented and the optimal designs are performed. The electromagnetic performances, such as dq-axis inductances, torque, flux weakening, and partial demagnetization, are investigated and compared. In order to calculate the dq-axis inductances accurately and segregate the torque components, the frozen-permeability method is adopted. Additionally, a method to obtain the maximum flux-weakening speed is introduced. Moreover, the partial demagnetization performances of both motors are evaluated under no-load, on-load, overload, and short-circuit conditions. Also, the fault-tolerant capacities of both motors are compared. Finally, both motors are built for exemplification. The analysis is confirmed by experimental results.
IGBTs conducting diode-like surge currents

For special failure cases it would be of advantage, if the IGBT can conduct very high currents (surge currents) in the same way as bipolar diodes or thyristors. This paper shows that IGBTs can have a great surge-current capability at higher gate voltages. The limiting short-circuit current of the IGBT is shifted to high values to prevent desaturation. Measurements and simulations will show that the temperature rise during a typical 10 ms sine-shape surge-current pulse is still in controllable ranges, especially when double-side cooling is applied. It will be presented that at surge-current condition the internal IGBT behaviour changes to a diode-like one. Destructions and significant gateoxide ageing can be suppressed, if the gate voltage is adjusted to suitable values.
Long‐lived yeast as a model for ageing research

Yeast has essentially two lifespans: a replicative lifespan (the number of daughters produced by each dividing mother cell) and a chronological lifespan (the capacity of stationary (G0) cultures to maintain viability over time). There is a tendency now to label every investigation that addresses these lifespans as ageing research. It is, though, analyses of the longest lifespans that will be most informative about the determinants of longevity and yield results most relevant to ageing in more complex systems. This review addresses these issues and describes the ongoing studies that are now attempting to address ageing in yeast cells of maximal replicative or chronological longevity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Active-Site Cysteines of the Periplasmic Thioredoxin-Like Protein CcmG of Escherichia coli Are Important but Not Essential for Cytochrome c Maturation In Vivo

ABSTRACT A new member of the family of periplasmic protein thiol:disulfide oxidoreductases, CcmG (also called DsbE), was characterized with regard to its role in cytochrome c maturation in Escherichia coli. The CcmG protein was shown to be membrane bound, facing the periplasm with its C-terminal, hydrophilic domain. A chromosomal, nonpolar in-frame deletion in ccmG resulted in the complete absence of all c-type cytochromes. Replacement of either one or both of the two cysteine residues of the predicted active site in CcmG (WCPTC) led to low but detectable levels ofBradyrhizobium japonicum holocytochromec550 expressed in E. coli. This defect, but not that of the ccmG null mutant, could be complemented by adding low-molecular-weight thiol compounds to growing cells, which is in agreement with a reducing function for CcmG.
Sentinel node biopsy in melanoma: Technical considerations of the procedure as performed at the john wayne cancer institute

Since its first description in 1990, sentinel node (SN) biopsy has become the standard for accurate staging of a melanoma‐draining regional lymphatic basin. This minimally invasive, multidisciplinary technique can detect occult metastases by selective sampling and focused pathologic analysis of the first nodes on the afferent lymphatic pathway from a primary cutaneous melanoma. An understanding of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative lymphatic mapping, and the definition of SN are critical for surgical expertise with SN biopsy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:669‐676. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bridging the Physical Learning Divides: A Design Framework for Embodied Learning Games and Simulations

Due to a broad conceptual usage of the term embodiment across a diverse variety of research domains, existing embodied learning games and simulations utilize a large breadth of design approaches that often result in seemingly unrelated systems. This becomes problematic when trying to critically evaluate the usage and effectiveness of embodiment within existing designs, as well as when trying to utilize embodiment in the design of new games and simulations. In this paper, we present our work on combining differing conceptual and design approaches for embodied learning systems into a unified design framework. We describe the creation process for the framework, explain its dimensions, and provide examples of its use. Our design framework will benefit educational game researchers by providing a unifying foundation for the description, categorization, and evaluation of designs for embodied learning games and simulations.
Is the Internet a Thing?

N o, I'm not trying to apply the term " Inter-net of Things " recursively, though it would be fun to give the root domain file an IP address and have it be reachable. I'm just using a current colloquial expression to ask what the Internet actually is, and who might own it. I'm asking these questions because of the announcement that ICANN will move out of US Department of Commerce authority (and I assume you know what that is as well). Reactions range from saying it's the end of days to asking, " So what? " The only thing everyone agrees on is that ICANN shouldn't be turned over to the ITU (www. itu.int), or indeed, any set of governments. But then who should govern the Internet? This presumes ICANN does. Who does, and what is there to own? A few of you know the answers already, but I'm writing for the rest of us. I assume that you know what an IP address and the DNS are, because you're reading this, but there's more to this than meets the eye, so you and I are going to travel together through the rabbit hole of asking what the Internet is. According to economists, " currency " is an abstract concept fulfilling three functions: medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. 1 Enough people will trust a " real " currency so that it can fulfill these functions. Is the currency real beyond the paper or base metal that serves as a marker for the idea? Not really, other than representing a real consensus — until something weird happens. The Internet is just such a consensus abstraction. It has many aspects, including timekeeping, but — like currency — three main functions make the Internet work, all provided by ICANN: tracking valid IP addresses, resolving names to those addresses, and administering protocols. The first function is the Internet's core function, and is carried out by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Ok, is this a thing? The IANA used to be what Jon Postel did at ISI, before he died. In 1998, ICANN was created to perform this function, among others, under contract to the US Department of Commerce. The IANA is now a thing: a department of ICANN that performs this function. The IANA (function/thing) maintains registries for Internet protocols, some of which include things like MIME …
Middle Miocene Southern Ocean Cooling and Antarctic Cryosphere Expansion

Magnesium/calcium data from Southern Ocean planktonic foraminifera demonstrate that high-latitude (∼55°S) southwest Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) cooled 6° to 7°C during the middle Miocene climate transition (14.2 to 13.8 million years ago). Stepwise surface cooling is paced by eccentricity forcing and precedes Antarctic cryosphere expansion by ∼60 thousand years, suggesting the involvement of additional feedbacks during this interval of inferred low-atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Comparing SSTs and global carbon cycling proxies challenges the notion that episodic pCO2 drawdown drove this major Cenozoic climate transition. SST, salinity, and ice-volume trends suggest instead that orbitally paced ocean circulation changes altered meridional heat/vapor transport, triggering ice growth and global cooling.
Human CYPs: in vivo and clinical aspects

A majority of pharmaceuticals are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (1,2). The elucidation of metabolism of any drug is of utmost importance, but here we are more interested in how CYP enzymes should be studied, so that complications and variabilities in drug treatment could be avoided or at least taken into consideration. Some of the main determinants in interindividual variation of drug effects are genetic polymorphisms (pharmacodynamic and -kinetic) and induction or inhibition of drug-metabolizing systems, i.e., drug–drug interactions. Genetic polymorphisms and their measurement are of primary concern, because some of them are based on genetic variability of CYPs and are important clinically (3). Inhibitory interactions are currently of major concern, as anybody can appreciate by looking at Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR) or corresponding drug reference books (4). Induction is still rather illdefined in the clinical setting (5). Rather than being a drug safety problem, induction results in a reduction of drug efficacy. While inhibitory interactions might lead to dramatic consequences to the patient, induction usually leads to decrease in efficacy and side effects. From the in vivo and clinical point of view, the most important function of CYP enzymes is their role in the determination of in vivo kinetics and interactions of drugs. The CYP enzymes being often rate-limiting enzymes in the elimination of drugs, knowledge of their role in metabolism of any particular drug would offer important predictions, i.e., advanced knowledge-based guesses, as to physiological and pathological factors, potential drug–drug interactions, rate and variability
A study of virtual visual servoing sensitivity in the context of image/GIS registration for urban environments

This paper studies the sensitivity of pose estimation to the 2D measure noise when using virtual visual servoing. Attempting to apply virtual visual servoing to image/Geographic Information System (GIS) registration, the robustness to the noise in images is an important factor to the accuracy of estimation. To analyze the impact of different levels of noise, a series of image/GIS registration tests based on synthetic input image are studied. Also, RANSAC is introduced to improve the robustness of the method. We also compare some different strategies in choosing geometrical features and in the treatment of projection error vector in virtual visual servoing, providing a guide for parametrization.
Multiply disadvantaged: Health and service utilisation factors faced by homeless injecting drug consumers in Australia.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Homelessness status is strongly correlated with higher rates of substance use. Few studies, however, examine the complex relationship between housing status and substance use in people who inject drugs (PWID). This study extends previous research by comparing the physical and mental health status and service utilisation rates between stably housed and homeless PWID. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 923 PWID were recruited for the 2012 Illicit Drug Reporting System. Multivariate models were generated addressing associations between homelessness and the domains of demographics; substance use; and health status, service utilisation and criminal justice system contact, with significant correlates entered into a final multivariate model. RESULTS Two-thirds of the PWID sample were male. The median age was 39 years and 16% identified as Indigenous. Almost one-quarter (23%) reported that they were homeless. Homeless PWID were significantly more likely to be unemployed [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26, 6.34], inject in public (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.38, 3.18), have poorer mental health (AOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 1.00), report schizophrenia (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.16, 4.60) and have a prison history (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.05, 2.21) than stably housed PWID. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the challenge of mental health problems for homeless PWID. Our results demonstrate that further research that evaluates outcomes of housing programs accommodating PWID, particularly those with comorbid mental health disorders, is warranted. Results also emphasise the need to better utilise integrated models of outreach care that co-manage housing and mental health needs.
Insulin sensitivity, body composition and adipose depots following 12 w combined endurance and strength training in dysglycemic and normoglycemic sedentary men

Abstract Context: Insulin resistance and dysglycemia are associated with physical inactivity and adiposity, and may be improved by exercise. Objective: Investigate the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity, body composition and adipose depots in sedentary men with (n = 11) or without (n = 11) overweight and dysglycemia. Material and methods: Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, ankle-to-neck MRI, MRS, muscle and adipose tissue biopsies before and after 12 weeks combined strength and endurance exercise. Results: Insulin sensitivity, VO2max, strength, whole-body and muscle fat content, and abdominal adipose depots were improved without obvious differences between normo- and dysglycemic men. Hepatic fat, waist circumference and subcutaneous adipose tissue were reduced in the dysglycemic group. For both groups plasma adiponectin was reduced, whereas IL-6 was unchanged. Visceral fat was preferentially lost compared with other adipose depots. Discussion and conclusion: Body composition, fat distribution and insulin sensitivity improved following training in sedentary middle-aged men with and without dysglycemia.