Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuropathic pain

Pain usually results from activation of nociceptive afferents by actually or potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. Pain may also arise by activity generated within the nervous system without adequate stimulation of its peripheral sensory endings. For this type of pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain introduced the term neuropathic pain, defined as “pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system. ” While this definition has been useful in distinguishing some characteristics of neuropathic and nociceptive types of pain, it lacks defined boundaries. Since the sensitivity of the nociceptive system is modulated by its adequate activation (e.g., by central sensitization), it has been difficult to distinguish neuropathic dysfunction from physiologic neuroplasticity. We present a more precise definition developed by a group of experts from the neurologic and pain community: pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. This revised definition fits into the nosology of neurologic disorders. The reference to the somatosensory system was derived from a wide range of neuropathic pain conditions ranging from painful neuropathy to central poststroke pain. Because of the lack of a specific diagnostic tool for neuropathic pain, a grading system of definite, probable, and possible neuropathic pain is proposed. The grade possible can only be regarded as a working hypothesis, which does not exclude but does not diagnose neuropathic pain. The grades probable and definite require confirmatory evidence from a neurologic examination. This grading system is proposed for clinical and research purposes. GLOSSARY: IASP = International Association for the Study of Pain; MS = multiple sclerosis; NeuPSIG = IASP Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain.
Frequency-to-voltage converter for temperature compensation of CMOS RC relaxation oscillator

RC oscillator is often used in CMOS mixed-signal integrated circuits where lower power dissipation and/or lower cost are required while precision requirements for the oscillation frequency are moderate. One of the challenges in RC oscillator in CMOS integrated circuits is frequency compensation for variations of process parameters and temperature because the time constant depends on absolute values of resistors and capacitors which are not stable against such variations. This paper describes an on-chip RC relaxation oscillator and a feedback control to stabilize the oscillation frequency by using a reference voltage, and proposes a simple frequency-to-voltage converter based on switched-capacitor technique. Simulation results show that the compensation circuit improves the frequency stability against temperature variation.
Face Detection Technique by Gabor Feature and Kernel Principal Component Extraction Using K-NN Classifier with Varying Distance

- Face recognition is always a hot topic in research. In this paper, we represent a robust method of face recognition using gabor feature extraction, kernel PCA and K-NN classifier. Gabor features are calculated for each face images then it’s polynomial kernel function is calculated, it is directly applied to the K-NN classifier. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experimental results on testing large number of images. The result shows good recognition rate. The proposed method uses ORL database.
The production and absorption of heat associated with electrical activity in nerve and electric organ

SUMMARY All living cells require a supply of energy from appropriate metabolic pathways in order in fulfill their physiological functions. A special function common to peripheral nerve fibres and the electroplates of the electric organ is the generation of electrical potentials and a consequent flow of current. A large fraction of their metabolism is therefore devoted basically to maintenance of the unequal distribution of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membranes on which their electrical excitability depends, and involves a consumption of ATP by the membrane-bound Na, K—ATPase system known as the sodium pump.
Design and Characterization of Integrated Submillimeter-Wave Quasi-Vertical Schottky Diodes

This work reports on a new approach to realizing vertically oriented Schottky diodes, with ohmic contact formed directly below the anode, that can be readily integrated into planar millimeter and submillimeter-wave circuits. The diode structure is based on backside processing and bonding of the diode epitaxy to a host, high-resistivity silicon substrate that supports both the vertical diode and its associated circuitry. A set of prototype diodes of different anode diameters are fabricated for characterization at both dc and (for the first time) submillimeter-wave frequencies (325-750 GHz) using micromachined on-wafer probes. Device equivalent circuit parameters extracted from these measurements are in good agreement with those expected from fundamental Schottky barrier diode theory and indicate the vertically oriented diodes yield series resistance values that are comparable to or lower than planar-oriented diodes of similar dimensions.
Serotonin Catabolism and the Formation and Fate of 5-Hydroxyindole Thiazolidine Carboxylic Acid*

Serotonin (5-HT) functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in both the central and enteric nervous systems of mammals. The dynamic degradation of 5-HT metabolites in 5-HT-containing nervous system tissues is monitored by capillary electrophoresis with wavelength-resolved laser-induced native fluorescence detection in an effort to investigate known and novel 5-HT catabolic pathways. Tissue samples from wild type mice, genetically altered mice, Long Evans rats, and cultured differentiated rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, are analyzed before and after incubation with excess 5-HT. From these experiments, several new compounds are detected. One metabolite, identified as 5-hydroxyindole thiazoladine carboxylic acid (5-HITCA), has been selected for further study. In 5-HT-incubated central and enteric nervous system tissue samples and differentiated PC-12 cells, 5-HITCA forms at levels equivalent to 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, via a condensation reaction between l-cysteine and 5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde. In the enteric nervous system, 5-HITCA is detected without the addition of 5-HT. The levels of l-cysteine and homocysteine in rat brain mitochondria are measured between 80 and 140 μm and 1.9 and 3.4 μm, respectively, demonstrating that 5-HITCA can be formed using available, free l-cysteine in these tissues. The lack of significant accumulation of 5-HITCA in the central and enteric nervous systems, along with data showing the degradation of 5-HITCA into 5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde, suggests that an equilibrium coupled to the enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2, prevents the accumulation of 5-HITCA. Even so, the formation of 5-HITCA represents a catabolic pathway of 5-HT that can affect the levels of 5-HT-derived compounds in the body.
A Component-Based Framework for Visualization of Intrusion Detection Events

ABSTRACT Visualization systems for intrusion detection are becoming more prevalent, but the lack of an organizing framework for proper development of these systems is problematic. This paper introduces a component-based structure that can be used to adequately design and implement intrusion detection information visualization systems. This component-based structure implements a combination of common information visualization components with operational components specific to the critical, real-time nature of intrusion detection. The manuscript also performs an analysis of intrusion detection visualization research projects by verifying their use of the components described by this framework.
The early stages of taxol biosynthesis: an interim report on the synthesis and identification of early pathway metabolites.

The biosynthesis of the anti-cancer drug taxol (paclitaxel) has required the collaborative efforts of several research groups to tackle the synthesis and labeling of putative biosynthetic intermediates, in concert with the identification, cloning and functional expression of the biosynthetic genes responsible for the construction of this complex natural product. Based on a combination of precursor labeling and incorporation experiments, and metabolite isolation from Taxus spp. , a picture of the complex matrix of pathway oxygenation reactions following formation of the first committed intermediate, taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene, is beginning to emerge. An overview of the current state of knowledge on the early-stages of taxol biosynthesis is presented.
The Danish in-hospital cardiac arrest registry (DANARREST)

Aim of database: The aim of DANARREST is to collect data on processes of care and outcomes for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest in Denmark, and thereby facilitate and monitor quality and quality improvement initiatives. Study population: In-hospital cardiac arrest patients with a clinical indication for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Denmark. Main variables: DANARREST includes a number of descriptive variables as well as seven quality of care indicators; four related to processes of care and three related to clinical outcomes. The four process measures are related to whether the cardiac arrest was witnessed, whether the cardiac arrest was ECG-monitored, the timing of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the timing of the first rhythm analysis. The three outcomes measures include return of spontaneous circulation, 30-day survival, and 1-year survival. Database status: DANARREST started in 2013, and the coverage has increased steadily since. As of 2017, 95% of relevant hospitals are reporting data with an estimated coverage rate of approximately 80%. Conclusion: DANARREST is a relatively new national registry of in-hospital cardiac arrests in Denmark, with a high coverage rate. The registry provides an opportunity to monitor and improve quality of care for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Nomogram for Predicting Intradiscal Cement Leakage Following Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Patients with Osteoporotic Related Vertebral Compression Fractures.

BACKGROUND Intradiscal cement leakage (ICL) is a common complication following percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). However, the risk factors for such a complication are under debate and there is no accurate predictive nomogram to predict ICL. OBJECTIVES To establish an effective and novel nomogram for ICL following PVP in patients with osteoporotic-related vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study approved by the Institutional Review Board of our institution. SETTING This study consists of patients from a large academic center. METHODS Patients with OVCFs who underwent their first PVP in our department between January 2007 and December 2013 were included in this study. All the potential risk factors of ICL after PVP were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors. The nomogram was then created based on the identified independent risk factors. RESULTS A total of 241 patients and 330 vertebrae were included. The mean age of the patients was 73.5 (SD 7.9) years old, and the mean number of treated vertebrae was 1.4 per person. ICL was observed in 93 (28.2%) of the treated vertebrae. Greater fracture severity (P = 0.016), cortical disruption of the endplate (P < 0.0001), absence of Kummell's disease (P = 0.010), and higher computed tomography (CT) values (P = 0.050) were the independent risk factors for ICL. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this study is that it is a retrospective study. CONCLUSION Greater fracture severity, cortical disruption of the endplate, absence of Kummell's disease, and higher CT values are the independent risk factors for ICL. The novel nomogram gives an accurate prediction of ICL.
Enhancing the Yield of High-Density electrode Arrays through Automated electrode Selection

Recently developed CMOS-based microprobes contain hundreds of electrodes on a single shaft with inter-electrode distances as small as 30 μm. So far, neuroscientists needed to select electrodes manually from hundreds of electrodes. Here we present an electronic depth control algorithm that allows to select electrodes automatically, hereby allowing to reduce the amount of data and locating those electrodes that are close to neurons. The electrodes are selected according to a new penalized signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) criterion that demotes electrodes from becoming selected if their signals are redundant with previously selected electrodes. It is shown that, using the PSNR, interneurons generating smaller spikes are also selected. We developed a model that aims to evaluate algorithms for electronic depth control, but also generates benchmark data for testing spike sorting and spike detection algorithms. The model comprises a realistic tufted pyramidal cell, non-tufted pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. All neurons are synaptically activated by hundreds of fibers. This arrangement allows the algorithms to be tested in more realistic conditions, including backgrounds of synaptic potentials, varying spike rates with bursting and spike amplitude attenuation.
Clinical significance of ASCUS and ASC-H cytological abnormalities: a six-year experience at a single center.

BACKGROUND To evaluate colposcopic biopsy results of patients with cervical cytological findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and atypical squamous cells with high-grade lesions that cannot be excluded (ASC-H). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective evaluation of data from 358 patients, who had cervical cytological findings of ASC-US (n = 335) and ASC-H (n = 23), and had colposcopic assessments between 2005 and 2011. RESULTS Cervical biopsy results of patients diagnosed with ASC-US cytology (n = 335) revealed cervical squamous cell carcinoma 0.9 % (n = 3) at biopsy, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN 3) in 3.8 % (n = 13), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN 2) in 1.1 % (n = 4), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1) in 35.2% (n = 118), and benign lesions in 59 % (n = 197). Cervical biopsy results of patients diagnosed with ASC-H cytology (n = 23) revealed CIN 3 at biopsy in 39.3% (n = 9), CIN 2 in 21.7% (n = 5), CIN 1 in 26% (n = 6), carcinoma in situ in 8.7% (n = 2), and squamous cell cancer in one patient (4.3%). CONCLUSION The cytological diagnosis of ASC-US may lead to the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial lesion of higher grades as well as cervical cancer and should be evaluated by colposcopic cervical biopsy.
Final Grade Prediction of Secondary School Student using Decision Tree

Every educational institution around the globe maintain student result repository which contain information about student marks, grade in different subjects and examinations. This repository contains important hidden pattern/knowledge which can be uncovered through data mining. A decision tree classifier based on divide and conquer rules is widely used for data exploration in such repository. In this paper J48 decision tree algorithm is applied on student previous result data to build a model in the form of decision tree. This model can then predict the student final grade. This will be helpful for teacher, student and their parents to know in advance about student final predicted grade and will enable them to take preventive measure. Keyword: Data Mining, Educational Data Mining (EDM), Classification, Prediction, Decision Tree, J48, Data repository, Student Grade
Use of Multienzyme Multiplex PCR Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing in Analysis of Outbreaks of Multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Intensive Care Unit

ABSTRACT We developed and optimized a new modified amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) typing method to obtain a multibanding fingerprint that can be separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Both to maximize the discriminatory power and to facilitate the computer-assisted analysis, bacterial DNA was digested with four different restriction enzymes. After ligation of adaptors to the DNA fragments, PCR testing of various single primers was performed. Two single primers that gave optimal results with regard to band resolution and discriminatory power were selected and combined. The computer-assisted analysis of fingerprint patterns was performed with Pearson's product-moment correlation values of densitometric curves, without assigning bands to peaks. Thus, the analysis is not subject to human interpretation errors. With this method, we investigated two outbreaks of multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in an intensive care unit and various sporadic isolates of K. pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca. Cluster analysis of isolates analyzed in different experiments and on different gels showed that fingerprint patterns clustered correctly according to subspecies or to the outbreaks. Multienzyme multiplex PCR AFLP revealed that the first outbreak was caused by two different types of strains. Outbreak two was caused by yet another strain of K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, the typing method used here is easy to perform and highly reproducible, and due to generation of complex banding patterns, it has a higher discriminatory power. Furthermore, the multienzyme multiplex PCR fingerprints are easy to analyze, and a reliable database can be stored in the computer to facilitate comparison of future isolates of Klebsiella spp. The method can be performed in every clinical microbiology laboratory.
A Resource Management Mechanism for Down Linking in WiMax Networks

This Paper aims at achieving a successful WiMAX system, by providing the optimized downlink resources using a proper balance between the revenue of service providers and the satisfaction of subscribers. For these two resources, our framework integrates two management mechanisms, namely, adaptive power allocation (APA) and call admission control (CAC), Since it is difficult to solve the APA-CAC optimization as one mathematical problem. To make APA and CAC to work cooperatively an integrated APA-CAC downlink resource management framework is used. The objective of the downlink resource management is to satisfy the demands of both WiMAX service providers and subscribers. To obtain Fair resource allocation, we have used Fair-Bandwidth allocation algorithm and found comparatively good among the existing mechanisms.
Platelet membrane integrity during storage and activation

BACKGROUND: The platelet cell membrane appears to undergo a lipid‐phase transition on cooling from 23°C to 4°C. Consequences of this phase transition are leakage of cellular material and irreversible cellular damage. Whether agents, of known benefit in protecting membranes and proteins from cooling and drying injury, could also protect platelets was investigated. Leakage of cytosolic components was assessed by measuring the release of fluorescein into the surrounding medium.
[Effect of compound Chinese traditional medicine on infected root canal bacteria biofilm].

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of compound Chinese traditional medicine(CTM), which composed of gallic acid, magnolol and polysaccharide of Blettila striata, against the infected root canal bacterial biofilm. METHODS Actinomyces viscosus (Av), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) were composed to form biofilm, then confocal laser scan microscope (CLSM) was used to observe and study the bacterial activity. SAS6.12 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The biofilm thickness reduced after treatment by both CTM and ZnO (P>0.05),while there was a significant decrease of the percentage of vital bacterias after treatment by CTM (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The compound Chinese traditional medicine is effective on biofilm control, so that it would be an effective disinfecting drug for root canal sealers. Supported by Research Fund of Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.2008L008A).
The Challenge of Shared Decision Making Among Patients With Lower Literacy: A Framework for Research and Development

There have been major advances in techniques to increase patient involvement in health decisions with the benefits of greater involvement and shared decision making now widely recognized. However, there has been little attention in the development of tools and strategies to support patient participation among adults with lower literacy, a group with poor health knowledge, limited involvement in health decisions, and poor health outcomes. The authors put forward a framework to consider the different stages of shared health decision making and the tasks and skills required to achieve each stage. They consider where current research exists in the decision making literature and where more is needed if adults with limited literacy are to be better engaged in shared decision making in health care.
Effect of glycosylation on protein folding: A close look at thermodynamic stabilization

Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications to occur in protein biosynthesis, yet its effect on the thermodynamics and kinetics of proteins is poorly understood. A minimalist model based on the native protein topology, in which each amino acid and sugar ring was represented by a single bead, was used to study the effect of glycosylation on protein folding. We studied in silico the folding of 63 engineered SH3 domain variants that had been glycosylated with different numbers of conjugated polysaccharide chains at different sites on the protein's surface. Thermal stabilization of the protein by the polysaccharide chains was observed in proportion to the number of attached chains. Consistent with recent experimental data, the degree of thermal stabilization depended on the position of the glycosylation sites, but only very weakly on the size of the glycans. A thermodynamic analysis showed that the origin of the enhanced protein stabilization by glycosylation is destabilization of the unfolded state rather than stabilization of the folded state. The higher free energy of the unfolded state is enthalpic in origin because the bulky polysaccharide chains force the unfolded ensemble to adopt more extended conformations by prohibiting formation of a residual structure. The thermodynamic stabilization induced by glycosylation is coupled with kinetic stabilization. The effects introduced by the glycans on the biophysical properties of proteins are likely to be relevant to other protein polymeric conjugate systems that regularly occur in the cell as posttranslational modifications or for biotechnological purposes.
Identification in Some Random Coefficients Panel Data Models ( With Application to Quantile Regression )

This paper considers a random coefficients panel data model with individualspecific intercepts (or fixed effects). The identification of the distribution of random slope coefficients is established in two settings: when random slope coefficients are conditionally independent from individual-specific intercepts; and when individual-specific intercepts are allowed to depend on random slope coefficients, too. The identification result requires only two observations per each unit. The paper considers a quantile regression panel data model with fixed effects as a special case of random coefficients panel data model and provides sufficient conditions under which conditional quantiles functions are identified. All identification results are constructive, and estimation procedure based on these results is proposed.