Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making the Rules: The Governance of Standard Development Organizations and their Policies on Intellectual Property Rights

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the governance of standard development organizations (SDOs), with a particular emphasis on organizations developing standards for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The analysis is based on 17 SDO case studies, a survey of SDO stakeholders, an expert workshop, and a comprehensive review of the legal and economic literature. The study considers the external factors conditioning SDO decision making on rules and procedures, including binding legal requirements, government influence, the network of cooperative relationships with other SDOs and related organizations, and competitive forces. SDO decision-making is also shaped by internal factors, such as the SDOsâ€™ institutional architecture of decision-making bodies and their respective decision-making processes, which govern the interaction among SDO stakeholders and between stakeholders and the SDO itself. The study also analyzes governance principles, such as openness, balance of interests, and consensus decision-making, and discusses their interplay. The insights from these analyses are applied to SDO decision making on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) policies, which represents a particularly salient and controversial aspect of SDO policy development.
Dramatic decreases in mortality from laparoscopic colon resections based on data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

OBJECTIVE To determine the mortality rate and associated factors for laparoscopic and open colectomy as derived from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. PATIENTS Between 2002 and 2007, the Nationwide Inpatient Sample estimated 1,314,696 patients underwent colectomy in the United States. Most (n = 1,231,184) were open, but 83,512 were laparoscopic. Patients who underwent a laparoscopic procedure that was converted to open were analyzed within the laparoscopic group on an intention-to-treat basis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Mortality rate. Using a logistic regression model, patient and institutional characteristics were analyzed and evaluated for significant associations with in-hospital mortality. RESULTS In a multivariate analysis, significant predictors of increased mortality included older age, male sex, lower socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and emergency or transfer admission. Additionally, a laparoscopic approach was an independent predictor of decreased mortality when compared with open colectomy (relative risk, 0.51; P < .001). CONCLUSION Even when controlling for comorbidities, socioeconomic status, practice setting, and admission type, laparoscopy is an independent predictor of decreased mortality for colon resection.
Transfer of a mitochondrial DNA fragment to MCOLN1 causes an inherited case of mucolipidosis IV

A patient with mucolipidosis‐IV heterozygous for two mutations in MCOLN1 expressed only her father's cDNA mutation c.1207C>T predicting an R403C change in mucolipin. She inherited a 93bp segment from mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 5 (MTND5) from her mother that was inserted in‐frame prior to the last nucleotide of exon 2 of MCOLN1 (c.236_237ins93). This alteration abolished proper splicing of MCOLN1. The splice site at the end of the exon was not used due to an inhibitory effect of the inserted segment, resulting in two aberrant splice products containing stop codons in the downstream intron. These products were eliminated via nonsense‐mediated decay. This is the first report of an inherited transfer of mitochondrial nuclear DNA causing a genetic disease. The elimination of the splice site by the mitochondrial DNA requires a change in splicing prediction models. Human Mutation 24:460–465, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracting Technology and Detecting Outliers from Process Time Series Data Reflecting Expert Operator Skills

This paper proposes a novel method to develop a process response model from continuous time-series data. The method consists of the following phases: (1) reciprocal correlation analysis; (2) process response model; (3) extraction of control rules; (4) extraction of a workflow; (5) detecting outliers. The main contribution of the research is to establish a method to mine a set of meaningful control rules from learning classifier system using the minimum description length criteria and tabu search method. The proposed method has been applied to an actual process of a biochemical plant and has shown the validity and the effectiveness
Premature birth as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is common, life-long in nature, and can be very debilitating. Thus, an intensive search is on to identify the potential risk factors for the disorder. Premature birth has been identified as one potential factor that could influence potential symptoms of ASD. Method: The sample for this study consisted of 1655 at risk children for developmental delays who were 17–37 months of age. Participants were divided into those diagnosed with ASD (n = 916) and children with atypical development only (n = 739). Results: Premature births were almost twice as common for the atypical development group versus the ASD group. Conclusions: Implications of these data are discussed.
Stress-related biomarkers in dogs administered regional anaesthesia or fentanyl for analgesia during stifle surgery.

OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of regional anaesthesia and opioid administration on adrenocortical and glycaemic responses, postoperative pain and recovery quality in dogs undergoing stifle surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, blinded clinical study. ANIMALS Forty-five dogs anaesthetized for tibial tuberosity advancement or tibial plateau levelling osteotomy, and 15 healthy dogs undergoing non-invasive orthopaedic diagnostic procedures. METHODS The baseline behaviour of each dog was classified on a descriptive scale before anaesthesia. Dogs were anaesthetized using a standard protocol. Those undergoing surgery were randomly assigned to one of three intraoperative analgesia protocols: 1) peripheral (femoral and sciatic) nerve block (bupivacaine 0.5%; 0.15 mL kg(-1) in each nerve; group PNB); 2) spinal anaesthesia (isobaric bupivacaine 0.5%; 0.05 mL kg(-1); group SPI); and 3) intravenous fentanyl variable rate infusion and postoperative methadone (0.2 mg kg(-1); group FEN). Blood samples were collected for measurement of cortisol and glucose concentrations on arrival (TAR), at induction (TIND), at tracheal extubation (TEXT), and 1 hour post-extubation (TPEX). After extubation, a researcher unaware of the dog's group assignment evaluated pain and recovery quality using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (Short-Form) and a descriptive scale, respectively. RESULTS Median recovery quality was significantly worse in group FEN (p < 0.0001) compared with all other groups. Postoperative pain scores were lower in group PNB compared with groups SPI and FEN. Cortisol and glucose concentrations increased significantly from TAR at TEXT and TPEX (p < 0.0001) in group FEN, and were unchanged from TAR in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Analgesia with a peripheral nerve block or spinal anaesthesia prevented the glycaemic and cortisol responses to surgery, promoted better recovery quality, and decreased postoperative pain scores compared with FEN. In the present study, the regional anaesthesia techniques used were found to be excellent alternatives to fentanyl administration.
Compressive sensing SAR image reconstruction based on a pseudorandom 2-D subsampling measurement matrix

Along with increasingly intense desire to achieve super high-resolution images, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is facing more severe technical challenges such as sampling, storage and transmission of massive data as well as high complexity of hardware. Compressive sensing (CS) theory, which utilizes the signal sparsity, can implement accurate image reconstruction from an extremely less amount of measurements than what is typically considered necessary in Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. In this paper, the detailed CS SAR image reconstruction model and process is presented in comparison with back-projection algorithm (BPA). Meanwhile, a pseudorandom 2-D subsampling measurement matrix is redesigned by considering the antenna pattern weighting and linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal. The validity and performance of CS technique using this matrix is exhibited by sparse scene simulation results with multi-point targets.
Lipid peroxidation and polyamine metabolism in K562 cells subjected to altered gravity.

The mechanisms underlying cell sensitivity to the gravistimulus are still largely unknown. Recently, the oxidation of membrane lipids and the alteration of polyamine content have been shown to be involved in several cellular processes, from cell growth and differentiation, to aging and resistance to (a)biotic stress. Such an involvement was mediated by the modification of the activity and expression of lipoxygenase (LOX; E.C. 1.13.11.12) and diamine oxidase (DAO; E.C. 1.4.3.6), the enzymes which control membrane properties (LOX) and the catabolism of polyamines (DAO), respectively. In this study, the possible effects of altered gravity on membrane lipid peroxidation and polyamine metabolism were investigated, by subjecting human erythroleukemia K562 cell cultures to simulated hypogravity (by clinorotation) or hypergravity (by centrifugation).
FAKTOR-FAKTOR DARI E-WOM YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT BELI HOTEL SECARA ONLINE PADA MASYARAKAT SURABAYA MELALUI ONLINE TRAVEL AGENT (OTA)

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari e-WOM terhadap minat beli hotel secara online pada masyarakat Surabaya melalui Online Travel Agent (OTA) . Pada penelitian ini menggunakan 6 atribut, usefulness of online reviews , timeliness of online reviews , volume of online reviews , positive valence of online reviews , negative valence of online reviews dan comprehensiveness of online reviews . Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kuantitatif eksplanatif dengan metode analisa regresi linear berganda dengan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usefulness dan comprehensiveness memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli pelanggan, variabel timeliness dan positive valence memiliki pengaruh yang positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap minat beli pelanggan. Sedangkan variabel volume dan negative valence memiliki pengaruh yang negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap minat beli pelanggan. Kata Kunci: Electronic Word-of-Mouth , Purchase Intention, Online Travel Agent Abstract: This study is to reveal the effects of e-WOM on online purchase intention of Surabaya customers through Online Travel Agent (OTA). This research using 6 attributes, usefulness of online reviews, timeliness of online reviews, volume of online reviews, positive valence of online reviews, negative valence of online reviews and comprehensiveness of online reviews. It’s a quantitative explanatory research using multi linear regression with SPSS program. The results shows that usefulness and comprehensiveness have positive and significant effect on online purchase intention. Timeliness and positive valence have positive but insignificant effect on online purchase intention. Whereas volume and negative valence have negative and insignificant effect on online purchase intention. Keywords: Electronic Word-of-Mouth , Purchase Intention, Online Travel Agent
A multicast delivery scheme for VCR operations in a large VOD system

Multicast transmission is one of the solutions to reduce the cost in large VOD systems. However, it is difficult to implement the interactive operations for an individual user in a multicast transmission system. We propose a frame based multicast transmission scheme to serve a large number of users and reduce additional channels while supporting VCR operations. This scheme supports both normal playback and VCR playback via the identical channels. The proposed FBMT is to deliver frames via appropriate channels based on frame type (I, P, B) of MPEG video. FBMT has superior performance over the multicast systems in terms of both initial blocking probabilities and VCR blocking probability. The initial blocking probability of the FBMT is decreased as the arrival rate is increased further, VCR blocking probability is always 0% to admitted users.
Optimal daily coordination of volt/VAr control devices in distribution systems with distributed generators

As the impacts of distributed generators (DGs) on distribution systems are significant, this paper proposes a particle swarm-based optimization technique to define an optimal coordination of DGs, an under load tap changer (ULTC) including substation and feeder capacitors for volt/VAr control. The objective for the coordination is considered in the view point of the distribution system operators as to minimize the summation of daily energy payment for DGs' owner and energy loss cost. Case study is conducted with a modified 29-bus distribution system of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), Thailand. It is found that the obtained optimal coordination strategies meet the requirement of the objective function and can help improve the system performance while satisfying all the technical and functional constraints.
Activation of the N-myc2 oncogene by woodchuck hepatitis virus integration in the linked downstream b3n locus in woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma.

In the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)/woodchuck model for hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, frequent activation of N-myc oncogenes by WHV integration has been firmly established. N-myc2, the most frequently affected gene, was reported to be activated by WHV insertion either in the proximity of the gene or in a distant uncoding locus, win. We previously reported that a WHV integration cloned from a liver tumor was located in a chromosomal locus already described by others as the site of WHV integration in another hepatocellular carcinoma. On this basis, the locus, named b3n, was defined as a recurrent site of WHV integration. A scaffold or matrix attachment region (S/MAR) element was subsequently shown to be located in this locus approximately 1 kb from the WHV insertion sites. S/MARs are genetic elements involved both in structural and functional organization of chromosomal DNA and in stimulation of gene expression. In the present work, we investigated the possibility that an N-myc gene might be affected by integration in b3n. Analysis of a liver tumor harboring WHV integration in this locus showed N-myc2 overexpression. By restriction analysis, the b3n locus was shown to be located downstream of N-myc2, so the known sites of viral insertion in b3n were approximately 11 kb downstream of the N-myc2 promoter. Although these data support that WHV insertion in b3n activates N-myc2, the mechanisms previously described to be involved in N-myc2 activation do not appear to properly account for activation in this subset of WHV integrations. Available data suggest that activation of N-myc2 by WHV integration in b3n might be mediated by the S/MAR located near the WHV insertion.
Synchronization of oestrus in heifers using intra-vaginal pessaries impregnated with SC-9880 and PMSG.

Summary. Heifers were treated with intra-vaginal pessaries impregnated with 200 mg SC-9880 (17\g=a\-acetoxy-9\g=a\-fluoro11\g=b\-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20 dione). One or 2 days before removal of the pessaries (21 days after insertion) each heifer received a single intra-muscular injection of 750 i.u. pmsg. Of the eighty-one treated heifers, sixty-six retained the pessaries for the prescribed period; fifty-five of these (83\m=.\3%) showed oestrus 24 to 72 hr after removal of the pessary. Of fifty-five heifers served or inseminated, twenty-four (43\m=.\7%) conceived. Of thirty-three heifers served at the second oestrous period, twenty-one (61\m=.\9%) conceived.
Visualizing Use Case Sets as BPMN Processes

The goal of many software projects is the support of business processes. A typical business process spans multiple Use Cases. This poses the difficulty of making the set of encompassing Use Cases consistent with each other and functionality-wise complete with regards to the overall business process. Manual arrangements and reviews of Use Cases are burdensome and time-intensive. Therefore, an automatic approach is needed that restores an overview of the Use Cases and visualizes the control-flow of the resulting business process. Our approach uses pre-conditions, post-conditions, and triggers of Use Cases to automatically assemble business processes in BPMN notation in order to solve this problem.
LIFE‐HISTORY CORRELATES OF EVOLUTION UNDER HIGH AND LOW ADULT MORTALITY

Abstract. Life‐history theory predicts evolutionary changes in reproductive traits and intrinsic mortality rates in response to differences in extrinsic mortality rates. Trade‐offs between life‐ history traits play a pivotal role in these predictions, and such trade‐offs are mediated, at least in part, by physiological allocations. To gain insight into these trade‐offs, we have been performing a long‐term experiment in which we allow fruitflies, Drosophila melanogaster, to evolve in response to high (HAM) and low (LAM) adult mortality rates. Here we analyze the physiological correlates of the life‐history trade‐offs. In addition to changing development time and early fecundity in the direction predicted, high adult mortality affected three traits expressed early in life–body size, growth rate, and ovariole number–but had little or no effect on body composition (relative fat content), viability, metabolic rate, activity, starvation resistance, or desiccation resistance. Correlations among lines revealed trade‐offs between early fecundity, late fecundity, and starvation resistance, which appear to be mediated by differential allocation of lipids.
Effects of selenium administration on blood serum

Effects of selenium on certain indicators of sheep reproductive success and on Se level in the sheep’s blood serum were studied in 2001-2002 on 100 Polish merino sheep ewes kept in a Western Pomeranian sheep farm. The 100 ewes were picked out on random and divided into two equal groups: treatment and control. The blood samples for serum Se assays were collected prior to administration of sodium selenide (before servicing) and 7 days after the treatment. The study was aimed at determining Se effects on the reproductive success (fecundity) of ewes and on selected indicators of lamb utility in a Se-deficient area. Se administration prior to servicing enhanced the herd’s reproductive success. The treatment group’s litter size was by 0.38 lamb per ewe higher than that of the control. The control group lamb body weight was lower than that of the treatment group by an average of 0.23 kg on birth and 0.31 kg 33 days later.
Turistik Destinasyonlarda Rekreasyonel Etkinliklerin Hizmet Kalitesi Ölçümü: Kavramsal Bir İnceleme (Measurement of Service Quality of Recreational Activities in Touristic Destinations: A Conceptual Review)

Bu araştırma rekreasyon etkinliklerindeki hizmet kalitesine yönelik ölçüm modellerini incelemek amacıyla ikincil veriler kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında ağırlıklı olarak ISI Web of Science indeksi ve söz konusu indeksin Ağırlama, Boş Zaman, Spor ve Turizm (Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism) kategorisindeki dergiler taranmış ve rekreasyonel hizmet kalitesi çalışmaları incelenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda; rekreasyonel hizmet kalitesine yönelik ölçümlerde son yıllarda ciddi bir artış olduğu, daha çok nicel çalışmalardan oluştuğu, uygulama yeri olarak en fazla Amerika seçildiği ve en fazla SERVQUAL ölçeği kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
An upstream activation element exerting differential transcriptional activation on an archaeal promoter

Microorganisms can utilize different sugars as energy and carbon sources and the genes involved in sugar metabolism often exhibit highly regulated expression. To study cis‐acting elements controlling arabinose‐responsive expression in archaea, the promoter of the Sulfolobus solfataricus araS gene encoding an arabinose binding protein was characterized using an Sulfolobus islandicus reporter gene system. The minimal active araS promoter (ParaS) was found to be 59 nucleotides long and harboured four promoter elements: an ara‐box, an upstream transcription factor B‐responsive element (BRE), a TATA‐box and a proximal promoter element, each of which contained important nucleotides that either greatly decreased or completely abolished promoter activity upon mutagenesis. The basal araS promoter was virtually inactive due to intrinsically weak BRE element, and the upstream activating sequence (UAS) ara‐box activated the basal promoter by recruiting transcription factor B to its BRE. While this UAS ensured a general expression from an inactive or weak basal promoter in the presence of other tested carbon resources, it exhibited a strong arabinose‐responsive transcriptional activation. To our knowledge, this represents the first example of an archaeal UAS that exhibits differential activation to the expression on the same promoter in the presence of different carbon sources.
214 KANAMORI 46 ° N 150 ° E 42 ¢ N 146 ° E 38 ° N 142 °

It is now widely accepted that ~nost shallow earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of tectonic stress, and therefore strain, in the form of faulting (56, Chap. 14). The elastic rebound theory explains remarkably well the overall nature of major earthquakes. However, it is now evident that the strain release by actual earthquakes takes place in a variety of ways. For example, some earthquakes arc reported to have been preceded by significant premonitory crustal deformations with or without foreshocks. Most major earthquakes are followed by aftershocks and, in some cases, by creep-like postseismic deformations. This variety obviously results from the difference in the nature of the crust and the stress field in the respective epicentral area. Thus, detailed study on the mode of the strain release for individual earthquakes is important for understanding the physics of earthquakes and for predicting the mode of occurrence of future major earthquakes. The latter problem is of course very important for designing a practical method of earthquake prediction. The crustal deformation represents the low frequency spectrum of the strain release, and seismic waves represent the high frequency spectrum. To understand better the mode of the strain release, it is important to study it over a wide frequency range, from geodetic to seismic. From this point of view, this paper discusses the mode of strain release in several major earthquakes in Japan for which both geodetic and seismic dhta are available, and we will focus our attention on the relation between the geodetic slip and the seismic slip. Figure 1 shows the locations of the earthquakes discussed in this paper. We do not intend to make an exhaustive review of the literature on the subject that can be referred to (19, 21, 36, 39, 50, 63, 71).
Phase 2 study of intraperitoneal topotecan as consolidation chemotherapy in ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma

Intravenous topotecan is approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). In intraperitoneal (i.p.) topotecan studies, 20 mg/m2 dosing was tolerable. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of i.p. topotecan as consolidation chemotherapy in patients with OC or primary peritoneal cancers (PPCs).