Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paleontology. Dinosaur metabolism neither hot nor cold, but just right.

Paleontologists have struggled for 50 years to determine whether dinosaurs were cold-blooded like today9s reptiles or warm-blooded like most modern mammals and birds. A study on page 1268 examines the growth and metabolic rates of nearly 400 living and extinct animals, and concludes that neither was right. Instead, dinosaurs had an in-between metabolism.
What should the role of ACE inhibitors be in the treatment of diabetes? Lessons from HOPE and MICRO‐HOPE

Experimental and clinical evidence suggest that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition may reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk by directly affecting endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and thrombus formation. These direct effects are in addition to effects on vascular tone or pressure. The Health Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study assessed the role of an ACE inhibitor ramipril in reducing CV events in 9297 patients ≥ 55 years who were at high risk of CV events but did not have left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or high blood pressure at the time of study entry. In the overall HOPE population, the risk of the primary composite outcome (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) was reduced by 22% (p < 0.001), and in patients with diabetes plus one other CV risk, it was reduced by 25% (p = 0.0004). Ramipril treatment achieved risk reduction in patients with mild renal insufficiency (serum creatinine ≥ 1.4 mg/dl). Ramipril treatment did not increase adverse events in patients with renal insufficiency. The Study to Evaluate Carotid Ultrasound changes in patients treated with Ramipril and Vitamin E (SECURE) demonstrated that ramipril 10 mg significantly reduced the rate of carotid intimal medial thickening, suggesting a direct effect on atherosclerotic progression.
Negative Concord in Afrikaans: filling a typological gap

Many languages exhibit Negative Concord (NC), with multiple morphosyntactic instances of negation corresponding to one semantic negation. Traditionally, NC languages are distinguished as Strict and Non-strict (cf. Giannakidou 2000). In the former (e.g. Czech), multiple negative elements may or even must precede the finite verb, whereas in Non-strict NC languages, like Italian, only one negative element may precede the finite verb. In a recent analysis of NC (Zeijlstra 2004, 2008b), NC is analysed as an instance of syntactic agreement between one or more negative elements that are formally, but not semantically, negative and a single, potentially unrealized semantically negative operator. On this analysis, the difference between Strict and Non-strict NC languages reduces to the semantic value of the negative marker: in Strict NC languages, both negative indefinites and negative markers are semantically non-negative; in Non-strict NC languages, by contrast, only negative indefinites are semantically non-negative, negative markers being semantically negative. This analysis predicts the existence of a third type of NC language, namely one where negative indefinites are semantically negative, but negative markers are not. This paper demonstrates that a particular variety of Afrikaans (the standard) instantiates a language of exactly this type: while pairs of negative indefinites always yield a Double Negation reading in this variety, negative markers can be stacked incrementally without giving rise to a new negation.
What are the most important factors regarding acceptance to the colonoscopy?: study of related tolerance parameters.

CONTEXT Colonoscopy plays an indubitable role in the setting of clinical practice, however, it is an invasive exam; complex, lengthy, embarrassing, not devoid of risks and discomfort that yields fear and anxiety in the majority of patients. In a new era of rising competition between health institutions, where the quality of health care and client satisfaction are praised, studies regarding tolerance-related colonoscopy issues yield great potential to be explored. In the present study, tolerance is defined as willingness to repeat the exam. OBJECTIVES Evaluate information associated to bowel preparation, the exam itself and post-examination period that might interfere with the tolerance to the colonoscopy. METHODS Analysis of the tolerance to the colonoscopy at three stages (pre, post, and during) through a checklist: patient's questionnaire and a medical assessment form were used. RESULTS In this present study, 91.2% of 373 patients exhibited positive tolerance to the colonoscopy. Aspects related to a negative level of tolerance were patient gender (12.9% of women versus 3.2% of men would not repeat the exam), age extremes (less than 20 years and greater than 80 years of age), and abdominal pain, both during the bowel preparation and after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Gender, age, patient cooperation and abdominal pain were the decisive components regarding tolerance to the colonoscopy. Notably, in two phases of the exam, the abdominal pain was the most important feature associated to a lessened tolerance.
[Expression of AP-1 and TGF-beta1 in kidney of iodine deficient rats and its significance].

AIM To observe the variation in expression of AP-1 and TGF-beta1 in rat kidney of iodine deficiency, to explore the nosogenesis of renal damage in the region of iodine deficiency. METHODS The models of deficient iodine rats were established by treatment with low iodine diet, wistar rats were divided into gentle low iodine group(GLIG), dense low iodine group(DLIG) and control group(CL). Serum levels of thyroid humone were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay. To observe the gene expression of c-Jun by using RT-PCR, observe the expression of TGF-beta1 by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with CL, the FT3, FT4 of DLIG were significantly decreased(P<0.01), the FT3 of GLIG were significantly decreased(P<0.01), the FT4 of GLIG were not significantly decreased(P>0.05). Compared with GLIG, the FT3, FT4 of DLIG were significantly decreased(P<0.01). Compared with CL, GLIG group, the gene expression of c-Jun was significantly increased(P<0.01) in DLIG group. Compared with CL group, the level of c-Jun was slightly increased(P>0.05)in GLIG group. Compared with CL, the TGF-beta1 of DLIG was significantly increased, the TGF-beta1 of GLIG was significantly increased. Compared with GLIG, the TGF-beta1 of DLIG was significantly increased. CONCLUSION Iodine deficiency can decrease the secretion of thyroid humone, can lead the activation of c-Jun and TGF-beta1 in kidney. This finding suggest that AP-1 signal transduction pathway participate in the nosogenesis of renal damage.
Programming microbial population dynamics by engineered cell–cell communication

A major aim of synthetic biology is to program novel cellular behavior using engineered gene circuits. Early endeavors focused on building simple circuits that fulfill simple functions, such as logic gates, bistable toggle switches, and oscillators. These gene circuits have primarily focused on single‐cell behaviors since they operate intracellularly. Thus, they are often susceptible to cell–cell variations due to stochastic gene expression. Cell–cell communication offers an efficient strategy to coordinate cellular behavior at the population level. To this end, we review recent advances in engineering cell–cell communication to achieve reliable population dynamics, spanning from communication within single species to multispecies, from one‐way sender–receiver communication to two‐way communication in synthetic microbial ecosystems. These engineered systems serve as well‐defined model systems to better understand design principles of their naturally occurring counterparts and to facilitate novel biotechnology applications.
Phosphorylation of myosin light chain at distinct sites and its association with the cytoskeleton during enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection

Myosin light chain, the most prominent host cell phosphoprotein during adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to cultured HEp-2 cells, was shown to be distributed between cytosolic and cytoskeletal cell fractions; its association with the cytoskeletal fraction increased with time of enteropathogenic E. coli incubation. Phosphopeptide mapping indicated cytosolic and cytoskeletal myosin light chain phosphorylation at different sites by protein kinase C and myosin light chain kinase.
The Relationship Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Most infants who experience wheezing episodes also exhibit evidence of an ongoing respiratory viral infection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children and is a common cause of wheezing in infants and young children. In the past several decades, a number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between infants with severe RSV infections and the subsequent development of asthma later during childhood. This review provides an overview of data that suggests a severe RSV infection early in childhood is linked to development of asthma later in life. In addition, the current and potential future use of various animal models to gain additional insight into the relationship between RSV and asthma is discussed.
"Hands-On" Microprocessor Education at the University of Rhode Island

This paper documents the impact of microprocessor technology on electrical engineering education at the University of Rhode Island. Originally introduced as a method of giving computer experience to a larger number of students, it has become a key element in the undergraduate curriculum. "Microprocessor Laboratory" emphasizes hands-on experience by making computers available for "checkout" use at home. It is introduced as a required course at the sophomore level and the textbooks used are manufacturers' manuals. We employ a series of nine basic exercises and couple these to an end-of-semester project. The course is offered each semester and attracts students from other engineering disciplines and from other colleges within the University. It has been successfully adapted to a five-week summer session and a four-day short course for engineering faculty. The course forms the basis for introducing microprocessors into other, more advanced engineering courses.
18 The Reactivity of Colloidal Inorganic Nanoparticles

The development of functional colloidal inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) has increased exponentially over the past decades offering a "toolbox" ready to be used in a wide range of applications such as materials science, catalysis, biology and medicine (Freitas, 1999; Alivisatos, 2001). This applicability relies on their unique size, morphology and structure, which determines not only their properties but also its reactivity. At the nanometer scale, the confinement of electrons, phonons and photons leads to a new generation of materials which have improved or new physico-chemical properties in comparison with bulk materials. Well-known examples are the size and shape dependence absorption and scattering in noble metal INPs (e.g. Au or Ag), the enhanced fluorescence in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) (e.g. CdSe or PbS ) and the superparamagnetic moment in magnetic NPs (e.g. iron oxide or cobalt) (Burda et al., 2005). Additionally, as the size of the material is reduced and percentage of atoms at the surface becomes significant, the entire particles become more reactive (Bastús et al., 2008). Thus, in very small crystals, both the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions can change with size. For instance, a large surface-to-volume ratio can be accompanied by a lowering of phase transition temperatures (Goldstein et al., 1992). Additionally, this high fraction of unsaturated atoms at INP's surface may lead to some instabilities which can further lead to degradation and corrosion processes. Although this secondary processes are often uncontrollable, the feature is extremely useful for catalysis applications (e.g. Pt NPs) allowing reactions at the active sites of their surfaces (Li & Somorjai, 2010).
The global flow table based on the software-defined networking

With the rapid development of SDN, its security problem is increasingly outstanding. Because of the openness and intelligence of SDN, the flow can be dispatched and controlled globally by the network controller. However there is not a mechanism that provides a clear visibility of the distribution, path and traffic of the whole network flows for the security equipment. Now many security detection methods need to know the distribution and behaviors of the global flows. So the paper proposes a new mechanism named global flow table and corresponding algorithms to realize the global flows' collection, the whole network flow path computation and global flows storing. This method can provide both the global details of the whole network topology and the key information of per flow mentioned above conveniently and directly for the security equipment. And we also design a structure to store the details of all flows. Then we analyze the time performance of the algorithm theoretically. The experimental result verifies the theoretical analysis and concludes that the algorithm has a good time performance. The primary affecting factors of the algorithm are the number of the flow tables and the ratio of the links to the switches.
Extraction and quantification of lignan phytoestrogens in food and human samples.

Dietary phytoestrogens have a number of biological effects, including endocrine disruption, antioxidant potential, and protein tyrosine kinase inhibition. Secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, and shonanin are lignan phytoestrogens found in foodstuffs, especially flaxseed. Normally they are glycosidically linked to carbohydrates and in the large intestine are deconjugated from the carbohydrate portion by bacteria. The aglycone lignans can be further modified to form the mammalian phytoestrogens enterodiol, enterolactone, and enterofuran, which are absorbed into the body and excreted in urine. To assess the health implications of phytoestrogens in general populations, knowledge of the quantity in the foods eaten is necessary. This article describes a simple preparative procedure for the assay of secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, and shonanin in foodstuffs after hydrolytic removal of any conjugated carbohydrate. The difficulties in the practical application of the assay procedure are illustrated and discussed. Analytical results indicating the concentration of secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, and shonanin in a number of foodstuffs are presented. Also, the mass spectral data of a putative mammalian phytoestrogen, called enterofuran, identified in urine are presented.
On the design of robust multiple fault testable CMOS combinational logic circuits

Tests that detect modeled faults independent of the delays in the circuit under test are called robust tests. An integrated approach to the design of combinational logic circuits in which all single stuck-open faults and path delay faults are detectable by robust tests was presented by the authors earlier. It is shown that the earlier design actually results in circuits in which all multiple stuck-at and stuck-open and multipath delay faults are robustly testable. The tests to detect such faults are presented. <<ETX>>
The membrane glycoprotein gp150 is encoded by the lagC gene and mediates cell-cell adhesion by heterophilic binding during Dictyostelium development.

gp150 is a membrane glycoprotein which has been implicated in cell-cell adhesion in the postaggregation stages of Dictyostelium development. An analysis of its tryptic peptides by mass spectrometry has identified gp150 as the product of the lagC gene, which was previously shown to play a role in morphogenesis and cell-type specification. Antibodies raised against the GST-LagC fusion protein specifically recognized gp150 in wild-type cells and showed that it is missing in lagC-null cells. Immunolocalization studies have confirmed its enrichment in cell-cell contact regions. In mutant cells that lack the aggregation stage-specific cell adhesion molecule gp80, gp150 is expressed precociously. Moreover, these cells acquire EDTA-resistant cell-cell binding during aggregation, suggesting a role for gp150 in this process. Cells in which the genes encoding gp80 and gp150 are both inactivated do not acquire EDTA-resistant cell adhesion during aggregation. Strains transformed with an actin 15::lagC construct express gp150 precociously, but do not show EDTA-resistant adhesion during early development. However, vegetative cells expressing gp150 can be recruited into aggregates of 16-h lagC-null cells. These results, together with those obtained with the cell-to-substratum binding assay, indicate that gp150 mediates cell-cell adhesion via heterophilic interactions with another component that accumulates during the aggregation stage.
Inadequate Skill of Healthcare Professionals in Using Asthma Inhalation Devices

Inadequate skill in the use of asthma inhalation devices by healthcare professionals has been well documented over the past 25 years. We performed a PubMed search of the English literature for studies regarding skill by physicians, medical students, pharmacists, nurses, and respiratory therapists in using asthma inhalation devices. This review summarizes 20 studies that were identified. Results of these studies consistently showed lack of skill in using metered-dose inhalers, spacers, and dry powder inhalers by a majority of healthcare professionals. National and international guidelines for asthma management include detailed patient education as an essential component of care, yet a large percentage of healthcare professionals are not competent in using inhalation devices. Practical solutions to this problem are needed to enhance the care of asthma patients.
High‐Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Rescue as a Treatment Modality for Breast Cancer

▪ Abstract: Retrospective analyses of clinical trials as well as several prospective randomized clinical trials designed to evaluate dose intensity have emphasized the importance of intensive chemotherapy in determining outcomes in breast cancer treatment. One strategy that can deliver a large increment in dose intensity is high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC‐ASCT), since it overcomes myelosuppression, a major dose‐limiting toxicity of most chemotherapy regimens. Phase II data from HDC‐ASCT trials have indicated improved complete remission rates and longer remission duration when compared to historical conventional‐dose chemotherapy regimens. With declining treatment‐related mortality (TRM) through improvements in supportive care and innovations in stem cell collection procedures, exploration of HDC‐ASCT in prospective randomized trials has been made possible. Several prospective randomized trials have completed accrual and early results are now available, while other studies are still ongoing. Unfortunately the trial designs are quite varied, the characteristics of patients differ from study to study, the early data provide conflicting results, and the follow‐up is quite short, making firm conclusions impossible at present. Of note, the comparison arms in several of the studies are performing better than historical nontransplant treatments, perhaps a result of an intermediate dose intensity employed in the nontransplant arm of these trials. These data suggest that dose intensity, whether supported by stem cells or hematopoietic growth factors, may be quite important in optimizing treatment outcomes, affirming earlier concepts of the importance of dose intensity. Further follow‐up of the current clinical trials and analyses of ongoing studies not yet reported are necessary before firm conclusions are possible as to the optimal strategy of using dose intensity in the management of breast cancer. ▪
Transcatheter Embolisation of a Renal Arteriocalyceal Fistula following Radiofrequency Ablation for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Radiofrequency ablation is a promising minimally invasive therapy for patients with renal cell carcinoma who are not suitable for surgical therapy. The procedure has a low complication rate. This report is of a patient with delayed life-threatening haematuria requiring transcatheter embolisation of a bleeding intrarenal artery after radiofrequency ablation for renal cell carcinoma.
Meckel’s ileitis versus Crohn’s ileitis: diagnosis using balloon enteroscopy

An 18-year-oldman presentedwith a selflimiting episode of abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea for 5 days. During the following year, he reported similar episodes. We performed a colonoscopy that showed normal colonic mucosa with erythema and a few erosions at the ileum. Histology revealed a nonspecific inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria. Hewas treated with prednisolone with initial symptomatic relief, but was admitted to our hospital 3 weeks later, during prednisolone tapering, because of recurrent symptoms and weight loss of 3kg. He had been an active smoker since the age of 12. Blood tests showed iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin 9.9g/dL) and elevated Creactive protein (CRP; 20mg/dL). Immunological assays were negative, including anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies. Serum and fecal microbiological assays were negative. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, which was normal, as was the duodenal histology. We decided because of his recurrent symptoms to reappraise the colonic and ileal mucosa. We proceeded to perform a retrograde singleballoon enteroscopy, which showed an ulcerated diverticulum 80cm from the ileocecal valve with normal distal ileal mucosa (●" Fig.1). The distal margin of the diverticulum was tattooed and biopsied (●" Video 1). Histology showed signs of active chronic inflammation. He underwent a laparoscopic enterectomy including the diverticulum 2 weeks later (●" Fig.2). Pathological examination showed gastric mucosa within the diverticulum, thereby confirming the diagnosis of a Meckel’s diverticulum (●" Fig.3). At follow-up after 9 months, the patient remained asymptomatic. Meckel’s ileitis is an uncommon manifestation of Meckel’s diverticulum [1]. Few other cases have been reported; as in this case, it has usually been a challenging differential diagnosis with Crohn’s disease [2,3]. In our case, reassessment of the ileal mucosawith balloonenteroscopywas crucial to reaching the correct diagnosis. This Fig.1 Enteroscopic view of the ileal lumen in an 18-year-old man who presented with episodic abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea showing an ulcerated diverticulum with some friability at the lower margin. Fig.2 Photograph of the specimen resected during laparoscopic enterectomy showing the ileal mucosa with circumferential mucosal folds (+) and a Meckel’s diverticulum that is predominantly lined by gastric mucosa with rugal folds (*).