Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Symplectic PBW Tableaux and Degenerate Relations

We define a set of PBW-semistandard tableaux that are in a weight preserving bijection with the set of monomials corresponding to integral points in the Feigin-Fourier-Littelmann-Vinberg polytope for highest weight modules of the symplectic Lie algebra. We then show that these tableaux parametrize bases of the homogeneous coordinate rings of both the original and the PBW degenerate complete symplectic flag varieties. From this construction, we provide explicit degenerate relations that generate the defining ideal of the PBW degenerate complete symplectic flag variety. These relations consist of type A degenerate Pluecker relations and a set of degenerate linear relations that we obtain from De Concini's linear relations.
The characteristics of the chloroplast genome of the Michelia martini

Abstract The chloroplast genome sequence of Michelia martini was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology and analyzed phylogenetically in the present study. The complete chloroplast genome was 159,819 bp in length, including a large single copy region (LSC) of 88,078 bp and small single copy region (SSC) of 18,801 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR) of 26,470 bp. The contents of CG in the chloroplast genome were 39.29%. The sequence contained 128 unique genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. martini is closely related to Magnolia maudiae.
Seasonal Divergent Tree Growth Trends and Growth Variability along Drought Gradient over Northeastern China

With the increasing temperature and intensified drought, global climate change has profound impacts on tree growth in temperate regions, which consequently regulates terrestrial-atmosphere biogeochemical processes and biophysical feedbacks. Thus, increasing numbers of studies have addressed the long-term annual trends in tree growth and their response to climate change at diverse spatial scales. However, the potential divergence in tree growth trends and growth variability (represented by coefficient of variance) in different seasons across large-scale climate gradients remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the tree growth trends and growth variability in different seasons across diverse drought conditions in forested regions over northeastern China during the period 1982–2015, using both remote sensing observations and in situ tree-ring measurements. We found clear seasonal divergence in tree growth trends during 1982–2015, and the apparent increase was mainly observed in spring and autumn, attributed mainly to the increase in spring temperature and autumn solar radiation, respectively, but not in summer. The magnitudes of increasing trends in tree growth decrease with the increase of the multi-year average dryness index (MAI) in semi-arid areas (1.5 < MAI < 4.0) in all seasons. We further revealed that the interannual variability in tree growth was much larger in the semi-arid regions than in the humid and semi-humid regions in all seasons, and tree growth variability was significantly and negatively correlated with the variations in temperature and water deficit. Our findings improve our understanding of seasonal divergence in tree growth trends and provide new insights into spatial patterns in forest vulnerability in a warmer and drier climate.
THE POTENTIAL OF PINEAPPLE ROTATIONS TO IMPROVE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTISOLS

Dewi, W.S. , H. Widijanto and S. Nofi antoro, 2018. The potential of pineapple rotations to improve chemical properties of ultisols. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 24 (1): 99–105 Planting pineapple monoculture and continuously can decrease the nutrient availability of Ultisols. Crop rotation is potential to solve the problem of nutrient availability. The aim of the research is to study the potential of pineapple rotation with cassava and King grass in improving chemical properties of Ultisols. The study was conducted in pineapple plantation of Great Giant Pineapple Company, Lampung, Indonesia using a survey method in three types of pineapple rotation: pineapple without a rotation basis (P-P), pineapple rotation with cassava (P-C), and pineapple rotation with King grass (P-K). Soil sampling at depth 0-30 cm and each location are taken 5 points as replication. Chemical characteristic observed include carbon organic, exchangeable Al, soil pH, total nitrogen, available P and K. The result showed that P-C and P-K could increase carbon organic, soil pH, nutrient availability and also decreased exchangeable Al. P-K showed the better potential in improving chemical properties of Ultisols. It increasing carbon organic, soil pH, total nitrogen, available P and K respectively up to 1.56%; 4.92; 1.18 g kg-1; 8.18 mg kg-1; 223.2 mg kg-1 and also decreasing exchangeable Al up to 0.52 cmolc/kg. P-K is potential to increase pineapple productivity.
Demographic back‐casting reveals that subtle dimensions of climate change have strong effects on population viability

The effects of climate change on population viability reflect the net influence of potentially diverse responses of individual‐level demographic processes (growth, survival, regeneration) to multiple components of climate. Articulating climate–demography connections can facilitate forecasts of responses to future climate change as well as back‐casts that may reveal how populations responded to historical climate change. We studied climate–demography relationships in the cactus Cyclindriopuntia imbricata; previous work indicated that our focal population has high abundance but a negative population growth rate, where deaths exceed births, suggesting that it persists under extinction debt. We parameterized a climate‐dependent integral projection model with data from a 14‐year field study, then back‐casted expected population growth rates since 1900 to test the hypothesis that recent climate change has driven this population into extinction debt. We found clear patterns of climate change in our central New Mexico study region but, contrary to our hypothesis, C. imbricata has most likely benefitted from recent climate change and is on track to reach replacement‐level population growth within 37 years, or sooner if climate change accelerates. Furthermore, the strongest feature of climate change (a trend towards years that are overall warmer and drier, captured by the first principal component of inter‐annual variation) was not the main driver of population responses. Instead, temporal trends in population growth were dominated by more subtle, seasonal climatic factors with relatively weak signals of recent change (wetter and milder cool seasons, captured by the second and third principal components). Synthesis. Our results highlight the challenges of back‐casting or forecasting population dynamics under climate change, since the most apparent features of climate change may not be the most important drivers of ecological responses. Environmentally explicit demographic models can help meet this challenge, but they must consider the magnitudes of different aspects of climate change alongside the magnitudes of demographic responses to those changes.
In Vitro Availability of Iron in High-Tannin Sorghum. Effect of Enzymatic Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. In low income countries, it is to a large extent caused by low bioavailability of iron in the vegetable diet. Vegetable diets contain large amounts of compounds that inhibit iron absorption, e.g. phytate and polyphenols (tannins). Polyphenols inhibit iron absorption by forming insoluble complexes with iron in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate how enzymatic oxidation affects phenolic compounds and subsequently the bioavailability of iron in high-tannin cereals. The bioavailability of iron was estimated with an in vitro digestion method that has been validated against absorption data and found to be a suitable method. Oxidation of model phenolic compounds, i.e. tannic acid and green tea extract, with commercial polyphenol oxidase (PPO) significantly increased in vitro iron availability in a model food system. These results imply that the oxidation products have a lower iron binding capacity than the original phenolic compounds. Incubation of phytate-reduced flour of sorghum or millet also resulted in lower amounts of phenolic compounds and a higher availability of iron. The phenolic content in sorghum decreased by more than 50% with PPO incubation, and in vitro available iron increased by almost 100%. Furthermore, combining the enzymatic treatment with traditional processing methods, such as cooking, soaking, germination and lactic acid fermentation, resulted in a further improvement in iron availability. Polyphenol oxidase can be found in several common fruits and vegetables, and incubation of dephytinized high-tannin sorghum with dialyzed extract of pear, banana or avocado effectively increased the in vitro iron availability. The effect was more pronounced than with commercial PPO, and incubation with avocado extract improved the availability more than 1.7-fold. It is probable that peroxidase activity and organic acids in the fruit extracts contributed to the improved iron availability. Investigations of the effect of oxidation on phenolic structures, both simple phenolic compounds and complex structures such as sorghum tannins, showed a decrease after incubation with PPO. The decrease in tannins was probably due to coupled oxidation reactions involving simple phenols. Catechol ( ortho -dihydroxyl) and galloyl (trihydroxyl) groups are identified as iron binding phenolic groups in plant foods. Model phenols containing catechol groups were more easily oxidized than those containing galloyl groups, while the percentage decrease in catechol and galloyl groups in sorghum phenols were similar. In combination with methods that reduce phytate, enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds may be a promising way to increase the bioavailability of iron in high-tannin cereals at the household level.
Monitoring the Drainage Efficiency of Infiltration Trenches in Fractured and Karstified Limestone via Time-Lapse Hydrogeophysical Approach

In the test site of Castellana Grotte (Southern Italy), since 2016, around 2300 m3d−1 of tertiary treated wastewater has been alternatively spread in nine infiltration trenches, dug into fractured and karstified limestone. In one of these trenches, located upstream, seasonal variations in the infiltration rate were observed, with a lower infiltration rate during summer than in winter. This effect could be due to the occurrence of a bioclogging phenomenon in the warm season. In addition, time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was carried out in two different periods, corresponding to the wet and dry seasons, in order to investigate the infiltration process dynamics below the bottom of the trench. Remarkable variability was observed between the south and north sides of the trench—clearly related to the local-scale heterogeneity of the rock formation of the trenches. The results suggest that such an integrated approach should be considered of great interest in case of using infiltration trenches as managed aquifer recharge (MAR) plants. This methodology could provide useful information about the heterogeneities of the rock formation, supporting an alert system for the identification of clogging effects during the life cycle of the plant.
A healthcare‐oriented mobile question‐and‐answering system for smart cities

Question‐and‐answering (QA) systems are popularly applied and deployed in many fields and industries, such as e‐commerce platforms, government departments, and educational industry. However, the requirement for QA systems in healthcare industry has still not been satisfied, especially the requirement for mobile QA systems. In this article, we develop a healthcare‐oriented mobile QA system for smart cities. The developed system is constructed with artificial intelligence and mobile computing techniques, including natural language processing, information retrieval, and service computing. To meet the strict requirement of healthcare‐oriented information systems, we design a series of models, algorithms, and computation methods. The designed QA system contains three modules, which are classifier, QA engine, and chatbots API. We study the performance of different classifiers, including neural network‐based classifier, support vector machine (SVM), and AdaBoost‐based classifier. The QA engine consists of two submodules, that is, semantic processing and answers retrieval. Semantic processing contains part‐of‐speech tagging and dependency parsing. The answers retrieval module contains index building and searching. We perform a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of our system and present the experimental results. The built mobile QA system has been applied in real‐world hospitals and communities and receives satisfied user experience.
Stock Return Uncertainty and Life Insurance

Knightian uncertainty embedded in stock returns causes rising demand for life insurance, as the uncertainty averse agent seeks alternative investment channels. Life insurance demand of middle-aged agent is more sensitive to the uncertainty. Stock return uncertainty reduces the agent’s total wealth and subsequently the propensity of wealthy agent serving as an insurance seller. Rising demand and falling supply of life insurance imply that life insurance is more expensive in the presence of stock return uncertainty. Sensitivity of life insurance demand to the mortality rate and key stock return characteristics also changes with the uncertainty.
Soil Resistance to Burn Severity in Different Forest Ecosystems in the Framework of a Wildfire

Recent changes in fire regimes, with more frequent, extensive, and severe fires, are modifying soil characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of burn severity on the resistance of some physical, chemical, and biochemical soil properties in three different forest ecosystems affected by a wildfire in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. We evaluated burn severity immediately after fire using the Composite Burn Index (CBI) in three different ecosystems: shrublands, heathlands, and oak forests. In the same field plots used to quantify CBI, we took a composite soil sample to analyse physical (mean weight diameter (MWD)), chemical (pH; total C; total organic C (TOC); total inorganic C (TIC); total N; available P; exchangeable cations Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+; and cation exchange capacity (CEC)), and biochemical (β-glucosidase, urease, and acid phosphatase enzyme activities) properties. The resistance index of each property was then calculated. Based on our results, the values of the soil chemical properties tended to increase immediately after fire. Among them, total C, TOC, and exchangeable Na+ showed higher resistance to change, with less variation concerning pre-fire status. The resistance of chemical properties was higher in the oak forest ecosystem. MWD decreased at high severity in all ecosystems, but soils in shrublands were more resistant. We found a high decrease in soil enzymatic activity with burn severity, with biochemical properties being the least resistant to change. Therefore, the enzymatic activity of soil could be a potential indicator of severity in forest ecosystems recently affected by wildfires.
Therapeutic studies on bacterial pneumonia in buffaloes

The aim of study is to identify the etiological agents in bovine respiratory disease associated with bacterial involvement, to study the clinical signs, haemato-biochemical and radiographic changes in bovine respiratory disease associated with bacterial involvement and to assess the efficacy of adopted therapeutic regimen for bovine respiratory disease associated with bacterial involvement. The study revealed that occurrence of respiratory disease with bacterial involvement was 23.05 per centage. In the present study, buffaloes were more affected than cattle. Cultural isolation and identification of nasal discharges from the clinical cases revealed P.multocida, Pseudomonas spp, Klebsiella spp and E.Coli. xviii. The P.multocida was also identified from the blood samples of the clinical cases by PCR. Twenty five buffaloes were found positive for malignant catarrhal fever with PCR. The most prominent clinical signs observed in bovine respiratory disease with bacterial involvement were respiratory distress, anorexia, nasal discharges, congested conjunctival mucous membrane, muzzle dryness, cough, oral breathing and sneezing. The prominent physical findings were dyspnoea, tachycardia, tachypnoea, pyrexia, crackles and wheezes. Haematological study showed normal haemogram and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Serum biochemical profile showed hike in total protein and AST levels and fall in albumin levels. However eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes values were with in normal range. Thoracic radiography revealed consolidation of lung. Therapeutic efficacy was found to be superior in group II. Combination of Ceftiofur sodium, Flunixin meglumine and Chlorpheneraminemaleate was found to be effective for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease caused by Pasteurella multocida.
Corporate Governance Quality, Ownership Structure, Agency Costs and Firm Performance. Evidence from an Emerging Economy

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of corporate governance quality and ownership structure on the relationship between the agency cost and firm performance. Both the fixed-effects model and a more robust dynamic panel generalized method of moment estimation are applied to Chinese A-listed firms for the years 2008 to 2016. The results show that the agency–performance relationship is positively moderated by (1) corporate governance quality, (2) ownership concentration, and (3) non-state ownership. State ownership has a negative effect on the agency–performance relationship. Various robust tests of an alternative measure of agency cost confirm our main conclusions. The analysis adds to the empirical literature on agency theory by providing useful insights into how corporate governance and ownership concentration can help mitigate agency–performance relationship. It also highlights the impact of ownership type on the relationship between agency cost and firm performance. Our study supports the literature that agency cost and firm performance are negatively related to the Chinese listed firms. The investors should keep in mind the proxies of agency cost while choosing a specific stock. Secondly; the abuse of managerial appropriation is higher in state-held firms as compared to non-state firms. Policymakers can use these results to devise the investor protection rules so that managerial appropriation can be minimized.
PROTEIN EFFICIENCY IN JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix-coturnix Japonica) FED FERMENTED PALM KERNEL CAKE BY ( Aspergillus niger)

This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of protein in quails fed fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger (FPKC). Ninety six three-weeks-old female quails were raised in 16 cages with 60 x 60 x 40 in size of each and 6 quails each. Diets were formulated by yellow corn, rice bran, soybean meal, coconut meal, fish meal, bone meal, premix, palm kernel cake and fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger. This study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 blocks as replications. The treatments were R0 = basal diet as a control diet, R1 = basal diet + 15 % FPKC, R2 = basal diet + 20 % FPKC, R3 = basal diet + 25 % FPKC. The observed variables were feed consumption, body weight gain, protein consumption and protein efficiency. The results from this study showed that quail fed fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergilus niger had no significantly different on their performance ; feed intake, body weight gain, protein consumption and protein efficiency. It can be concluded that using palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger up to 25% in the ratio had no adverse effect on quail performance and protein efficiency.
Sea lice in Iceland: assessing the status and current implications for aquaculture and wild salmonids

This is the first in-depth study which quantifies lice infestation levels on wild and farmed salmonids in a fjord system in Iceland (Arnarfjörður, Westfjords) and gives a baseline for the assessment of sea lice infestation within Icelandic fjords. The prevalence, abundances and intensities of sea lice infestation observed in this study were low and below the estimated thresholds for negative impacts of sea lice on their hosts. However, greater infestation levels occurred in 2 study sites located close to aquaculture farms, suggesting that farms were contributing to sea lice infestation. We infer that if production were to remain at the level in operation during this study, the threat of sea lice epidemics will be low. However, if salmonid aquaculture develops and production is expanded within the fjord, the risk of sea lice epidemics will increase, raising the need for environmental monitoring and coastal zone management.
Sediment dynamics and implications for management: State of the science from long‐term research in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA

This review aims to synthesize the current knowledge of sediment dynamics using insights from long‐term research conducted in the watershed draining to the Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the U.S., to inform management actions to restore the estuary and its watershed. The sediment dynamics of the Chesapeake are typical of many impaired watersheds and estuaries around the world, and this synthesis is intended to be relevant and transferable to other sediment‐impaired systems. The watershed's sediment sources, transport, delivery, and impacts are discussed with implications for effectively implementing best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate sediment issues. This synthesis revealed three key issues to consider when planning actions to reduce sediment loading: Scale, time, and land use. Geology and historical land use generated a template that current land use and climate, in addition to management, are acting upon to control sediment delivery. Important sediment sources in the Chesapeake include the Piedmont physiographic region, urban, and agricultural land use, and streambank erosion of headwater streams, whereas floodplain trapping is important along larger streams and rivers. Implementation of BMPs is widespread and is predicted to lead to decreased sediment loading; however, reworking of legacy sediment stored in stream valleys, with potentially long residence times in storage, can delay and complicate detection of the effects of BMPs on sediment loads. In conclusion, the improved understanding of sediment sources, storage areas, and transport lag times reviewed here can help target choices of BMP types and locations to better manage sediment problems—for both local streams and receiving waters.