Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide responses to shoot nitrate satiety are attenuated by external ammonium in Arabidopsis thaliana

ABSTRACT The supply of exogenous nitrate to nitrate-depleted plants transiently changes the expression of nitrate-responsive genes within minutes. In addition to this so-called primary nitrate response, nitrate is suspected to play a long-term regulatory role, acting as a nitrogen (N) status signal for the entire plant. In our recent study using Arabidopsis thaliana, the manipulation of the internal nitrate levels independently of internal organic N without external N indicated that nitrate accumulation in the shoot alone causes genome-wide responses systemically, including the induction of nitrate assimilation genes and repression of N starvation-inducible genes. These responses mimic high nitrate growth situations for plants, suggesting that shoot nitrate acts as a N satiety signal. On the other hand, it is widely known that external supply of ammonium as another major N source also triggers N-rich responses, which led us to hypothesize that the existence of external ammonium may interfere with the genome-wide responses regarding shoot nitrate satiety. To clarify this, we compared transcriptional responses to shoot nitrate satiety with and without external ammonium both in Arabidopsis shoots and roots. Further, in order to determine the major role of nitrate satiety signaling, we extracted those genes regulated by shoot nitrate level regardless of the presence or absence of external ammonium and annotated them by two independent enrichment analyses. Here, we show that genome-wide transcriptional responses to shoot nitrate satiety are significantly lowered in the presence of external ammonium especially in the shoot. A major component for the ammonium-dependent attenuation of the nitrate satiety responses comprised a set of genes encoding the machinery for translation, glucosinolate biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. On the other hand, the nitrate satiety responses commonly observed irrespective of the presence/absence of ammonium included the components for translation and nitrate assimilation, whose transcriptional responses could be mediated partly via NIN-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP), NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR1 (NIGT1), and cytokinin signaling on the basis of our transcriptional profiling and cytokinin determination.
The effectiveness of psychodrama therapy in reducing school counselors’ occupational burn out -

Objective: Aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of psychodrama therapy in reducing school counselors’ occupational burn out. In addition, the increase in satisfaction with life and the reduction of depressed mood and level of the hopelessness are expected when the occupational burn out is decreased. Methods: Psychodrama therapy was conducted with school counselors, 16 sessions, four hours in a week. Study was finalized with 14 school counselors who have either psychology or psychological counseling. School counselors are administered to fill the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) before and after the study. Additionally a Result Evaluation Form containing open ended questions was used. After the study changes in the counseling teachers were evaluated by the comparison of the score of the scales and with the results of the evaluation forms. Results: A statistical significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest scores after the therapy in MBI and SLS. There was no significant difference in BDI scores and also in BHS scores. The SLS’s pre-test and post-test scores were not significant however; there was a remarkable reduction in the scores. Conclusions: Current findings are discussed with reference to the literature. It was found that psychodrama is a useful technique in reducing occupational burn out. Similar studies in which will include the comparison of counseling group and control group with a larger sample will be beneficial.
Decoupling of Dopamine Release and Neural Activity in Major Depressive Disorder during Reward Processing Assessed by Simultaneous fPET-fMRI

The interaction of the midbrain dopaminergic system and the striatum is implicated in reward processing; it is still unknown, however, how this interaction is altered in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In the current study, we related the dopamine release/binding inferred by [11C] Raclopride functional Positron Emission Tomography (fPET) to neural activity monitored by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in adults diagnosed with MDD and healthy controls (CTL). Participants completed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task during simultaneous [11C] Raclopride fPET and fMRI. Instead of the usual kinetic modeling method for analyzing dynamic PET time activity curves (TACs), we used a simpler general linear model (GLM) approach, which includes introducing a fPET dopamine activation response function to model changes in the TAC associated with the MID task. In addition, using simulations, we show that the GLM approach has several advantages over kinetic modeling. This is achieved without invoking erroneous steady-state assumptions or selecting a suitable reference region. Our results include the observation of both decreased fMRI activation and dopamine release/binding in the striatum in the MDD cohort, implying a reduced reward processing capacity in MDD. Furthermore, in the MDD group, individuals with lower fMRI activations in the right middle putamen and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) had higher reflection rumination scores, and individuals with lower dopamine release/binding in the left putamen and the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc) also had higher reflection rumination scores. Significant cross-modal inter-subject and intra-subject correlations of dopamine release/binding and fMRI activation were observed in the CTL group, but not in the MDD group. The intra-subject correlation of the two modalities was negatively associated with reflection rumination scores in the CTL group, indicating that decoupling of the dopaminergic system and striatum may be important in the pathophysiology of MDD.
VALUE ORIENTATIONS AND RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG FIRST YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

There is strong evidence that values play an important role in basic patterns of human behaviour, but there is a lack of support for this with respect to sexual behaviour. This study examines the relationship between the value orientations of young adults and their sexual behaviour. Material and methods. The Rokeach Value Survey (18 terminal values – desirable end-states; 18 instrumental values – desirable modes of conduct) and a questionnaire on sexual behaviour (number of sexual partners in one’s lifetime, condom use, and sex with an unknown person) were administered to 832 students (355 males; mean age = 20.5 years). Six factors were extracted from the Rokeach Value Survey. Logistic regression was performed on students who had had sexual experience (n = 455) using the measures pertaining to risky sexual behaviour as outcomes and each of the value factors as separate predictors. Results. The students with high scores on the value factors relating to Social Orientation (Capable, Clean, Obedient, Polite, Responsible, Honest) and Sense of Fellowship (Broad-Minded, Helpful, Forgiving) were less likely to report risky sexual behaviour than the students with low scores on these value factors. Conclusions. Individuals who consider socially oriented values to be more important are less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviour. The promotion of safe sex should take health values into
The Delay Time of Merging Compact Objects.

The advent of gravitational wave astronomy, with the observation of GW150914, urges us to study the formation and the evolution of compact object binary systems. Indeed, all gravitational waves emission events detected so far by LIGO and Virgo are linked to the coalescence of compact binary systems. This work focuses on the analysis of two simulations ran through the binary population-synthesis code MOBSE. The purpose of this analysis is to study the delay time, i.e. the interval of time before the coalescence event, measured starting from zero age main sequence. The delay time is a fundamental quantity to estimate the merger rate of compact binaries. In the first part of this work, we give an overview of the physical processes that occur during massive star evolution in a binary system framework and their impact on the formation of compact binary systems. In the second part, we perform the analysis of two binary population-synthesis simulations. The simulations are analyzed to evaluate the impact of metallicity and natal kicks on the delay time of compact object binaries.
Taxiing Speed Intelligent Management of Aircraft Based on DQN for A-SMGCS

In view of ever-increasing air traffic, much attention has been paid to air traffic management research to improve efficiency. Normally, once two taxiing aircrafts may conflict in the hotspot area, one of them must wait in the holding point until the conflict is resolved. However, this method reduces the efficiency though it ensures sufficient safe distance between aircrafts. In this paper, we discussed the feasibility of the dynamic control of the taxiing speed to improve the efficiency under the A-SMGCS(Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems). The conflict samples were trained based on actual operation data and AirTOp simulation operation data. Action spaces, state spaces and reward function were designed and DQN(Deep Q Network) model was used to make speed regulation decisions. The experimental results show that the model can adopt different strategies in different environments, which greatly improved the intelligent decision-making level of aircraft taxiing speed adjustment and the operating efficiency of the scene. The case study showed that the time of conflict solving and the main taxiway occupation length can be reduced by 13.16% and 47.9% separately when the conflict is released.
Basic Regularities of the Haline Stratification Long-Term Evolution in the Black Sea

Purpose. At present the process of formation of haline stratification in the Black Sea is poorly studied. The current state of the basin is considered to be close to equilibrium. However, having been analyzed, the long-term observations testify to a tendency towards desalination of the sea surface layer and salination of the deep waters. The goal of the study is to obtain a complete pattern of the haline stratification formation in the basin and the characteristic time scales of its long-term climatic evolution. Methods and Results. Numerical calculations of the Black Sea circulation which is formed being influenced by water exchange through the Bosporus, river runoff, precipitation and evaporation, are compared with the laboratory simulation results obtained previously using the NEMO model. It is shown that the time period of formation of the upper and lower Bosporus currents is of a characteristic time scale 20 years. Relatively short period of adaptation of the Bosporus water exchange to the external conditions testifies that on the climatic scale, the strait should be in a quasi-equilibrium state. The results of the numerical experiments also show that, against the background of the initially preset constant salinity of the Black Sea, the vertical haline stratification is formed rather rapidly due to the fact that the upper forty-meter layer is desalinated by the river runoffs. This leads to formation of a halocline in the 10–40 m layer. In the deeper layers, salinity increases slowly owing to the Marmora Sea water inflow. Each of the calculations shows that intense desalination of the surface layer lasts 70–80 years, whereupon its salinity grows slowly. Conclusions. As a result, the characteristic adaptation period of the basin stratification to the changes in the external factors constitutes 70–100 years. After the equilibrium regime is settled, slow quasi-stationary evolution of the basin fields takes place. Analysis of the obtained results enabled us to deduce the equations for describing slow evolution of the haline stratification.
Comparative Analysis of Four Baseflow Separation Methods in the South Atlantic-Gulf Region of the U.S.

Baseflow estimation and evaluation are two critical and essential tasks for water quality and quantity, drought management, water supply, and groundwater protection. Observed baseflows are rarely available and are limited to focused pilot studies. In this study, an exhaustive evaluation of four different baseflow separation methods (HYSEP, WHAT, BFLOW, and PART) using surrogates of observed baseflows estimated with the conductivity mass balance (CMB) method is carried out using data from several streamflow gauging sites from the South Atlantic-Gulf (SAG) region comprised of nine states in the Southeastern U.S. Daily discharge data from 75 streamflow gauging sites for the period 1970–2013, located in the least anthropogenically affected basins in the SAG region were used to estimate the baseflow index (BFI), which quantifies the contribution of baseflow from streamflows. The focus of this study is to compare the four different baseflow separation methods and calibrate and validate these methods using CMB method based estimates of baseflows to evaluate the variation of BFI values derived from these methods. Results from the study suggest that the PART and HYSEP methods provide the highest and lowest average BFI values of 0.62 and 0.52, respectively. Similarities in BFI values estimated from these methods are noted based on a strong correlation between WHAT and BFLOW. The highest BFI values were found in April in the eastern, western, and central parts of the SAG region, and the highest contribution of baseflow to the streamflow was noted in October in the southern region. However, the lowest BFI values were noted in the month of September in all regions of SAG. The calibrated WHAT method using data from the CMB method provides the highest correlation as noted by the coefficient of determination. This study documents an exhaustive and comprehensive evaluation of baseflow separation methods in the SAG region, and results from this work can aid in the selection of the best method based on different metrics reported in this study. The use of the best method can aid in the short and long term management of low flows at a regional level that supports a sustainable aquatic environment and mitigates the effects of droughts effectively.
Is Bad News Difficult to Read? A Readability Analysis of Differently Connoted Passages in the Annual Reports of the 30 DAX Companies

This study examines the strategic use of readability to obfuscate negative news in a German financial communication context. Combining a manual and an automated content analysis, the authors assess the tone and readability of three parts (chairman’s address, share-price development, and development in the fiscal year) of the 2014 annual reports of the 30 companies listed in the German stock index DAX. The results indicate that positively connoted passages in annual reports are not necessarily easier to read than negatively connoted passages. Furthermore, the readability of the annual report varies depending on the part and its function within the report.
A study of stress, stressors, and coping strategies among students of a newly established medical college in South Gujarat -

Background: The medical course is considered to be very stressful for the students because of its depth and competitiveness. A newly established institute is likely to be even more stressful. Prolonged stress can cause health problems, hamper academic achievements, and affect patient care. Aims and Objectives: To assess the prevalence of perceived stress, find out the sources of stress, and assess the coping mechanisms employed by students of a newly established medical college. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive questionnaire-based study was carried out among medical students. Stress was assessed using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The frequency of occurrence of stress inducing factors (stressors) from a list of 41 stressors and the frequency of usage of different coping strategies were recorded. Frequency distribution, logistic regression analysis, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of stress among study participants was 51.1%, mean PSS score in the study population was 27.20 ± 6.58. The most common reported stressors were: Quality of food in mess, poor road connectivity in campus, and performance in examinations. Commonly used coping strategies were: Active coping (50.2%), planning (46.0%), and positive reframing (42.2%). Conclusion: High levels of stress exist in students of a new medical college. In addition to the academic, healthrelated and psychosocial stressors which are experienced by medical students elsewhere also, these students face hardships due to under construction campus and lack of amenities. Regulatory bodies need to ensure that the basic permanent infrastructure is in place before permitting admission of students.
Thrombolysis inMyocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial, Phase I:acomparison between intravenous tissue plasminogen activator andintravenous streptokinase*

Intravenous administration of80mg ofrecombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt- PA,40,20,and20mg insuccessive hours) andstreptokinase (SK,1.5million units over1hr) was compared inadouble-blind, randomized trial in290patients withevolving acutemyocardial infarc- tion. Thesepatients entered thetrial within 7hroftheonsetofsymptomsandunderwent baseline coronaryarteriography before thrombolytic therapy was instituted. Ninety minutes after thestart of thrombolytic therapy, occluded infarct-related arteries hadopened in62%of113patients inthert-PA and31%of119patients intheSK group(p<.001). Twice asmany occluded infarct-related arteries opened after rt-PA compared withSKatthetimeofeachofsevenangiograms obtained during thefirst 90minafter commencing thrombolytic therapy. Regardless ofthetimefromonsetofsymptomsto treatment, more arteries wereopened after rt-PA thanSK.Thereduction incirculating fibrinogen and plasminogen andtheincrease incirculating fibrin split products at3and24hrweresignificantly less in patients treated withrt-PA thaninthose treated withSK(p<.001). Theoccurrenceofbleeding events, administration ofblood transfusions, andreocclusion oftheinfarct-related artery was comparable inthe twogroups.Thus, inpatients with acutemyocardial infarction, rt-PA elicited reperfusion intwice as many occluded infarct-related arteries ascompared withSKateachofsevenserial observations during thefirst 90minafter onsetoftreatment. Circulation 76,No.1,142-154, 1987.
Social kognition i et udviklingsperspektiv: Theory of mind og emotionsforståelse

Denne artikel har til formål at give en kort introduktion til social kognition ved at gennemgå nogle af hovedfundene inden for litteraturen om menneskers socialkognitive udvikling. Social kognition defineres som det at forstå menneskelige interaktioner og adfærd på basis af underliggende mentale og emotionelle tilstande. Med hovedvægt på adaptive sociale forhold illustreres vigtigheden af velfungerende socialkognitive færdigheder for børns udvikling. To centrale områder, nemlig Theory of Mind (ToM) og emotionsforståelse, introduceres og vigtige milepæle i udviklingen af disse evner opsummeres. Prominente teorier om udviklingen af social kognition bliver skitseret og diskuteret. Reviewet berører desuden kort forløberne til socialkognitive færdigheder i barndommen, atypisk udvikling for autistiske og døve børn samt udviklingen af avanceret social kognition i ungdomsårene og voksenalderen.
Perioperative management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), despite the success of conservative therapy, have an urgent need for the orthopedic surgical interventions, as well as operations for soma­tic indications. These patients need a careful perioperative assessment and instruction for the favorable results of surgical treatment and ma­nagement to be achieved in the postoperative period. A detailed history should be compiled, a thorough physical examination with appropriate laboratory evaluation of the organic and systemic functions, differentiation of the organic damage secondary to the RA or associated with comorbidity, should be carried out. Patients should be informed about the potential risks of surgery, including an increased risk of infection, delayed wound healing and development of venous thromboembolism events, as well as the key possibilities in terms of cardiovascular, pulmonary and neurological disorders that may be caused by surgery. Clinical studies over the past few years have improved our understanding of the proper periope­rative management of patients with the RA. This article summari­zes the latest advances in this field and considers the latest recommendations proposed by the American College of Rheumatology and the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons guidelines (2017) for the perioperative management of antirheumatic therapy in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing elective total hip or total knee arthroplasty, and The British Society for Rheumatology guidelines on the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) safety in inflammatory arthritis. The management of DMARDs in the preoperative period should be carried out under the recommendations of the leading rheumatological societies, but the approach should be individualized with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. Today, the recommendations support the continuation of synthetic DMARDs throughout the entire perio­perative period and recommend a short-term interruption of biolo­gical therapy at one dosing interval before surgery with a conti­nuation of administration within 14 days after surgery. The higher doses of glucocorticoids contribute to the risk of postoperative infection more significantly than the biological therapy. It is recommended to avoid the planned surgery if the patients are receiving prednisone at a dose of more than 20 mg per day. Before surgery, it is recommended to reduce the dose of glucocorticoids to the lowest possible level. Even though uncertainty remains, these recent stu­dies and recommendations allow a more rational and scientifically sound approach to the management of RA patients who are sche­duled for surgery or who need to get operated urgently.
PREDIKSI PENJUALAN SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN

Prediksi penjualan merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan laba perusahaan. Peramalan dipergunakan untuk menyeterakan antara perbedaan waktu yang sekarang dan yang akan datang terhadap kebutuhan. Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST) dapat mengaplikasikan dengan baik metode peramalan. Data yang diperoleh dibagi menjadi data pelatihan dan pengujian. Dengan menggunakan berbagai operator di software Rapidminer diperoleh hasil Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) terendah yaitu 45327.969 windowing 12, yang artinya data 12 bulan pertama adalah data yang krusial atau penting sebagai acuan untuk meramalkan/memprediksi penjualan sepeda motor Honda. Perusahaan dapat memprediksi jumlah permintaan konsumen terhadap produk pada tahun berikutnya, selanjutnya ditindaklanjuti ke bagian produksi.