Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of phosphorylated Ser473‐Akt from translocating into the nucleus contributes to 2‐cell arrest and defective zygotic genome activation in mouse preimplantation embryogenesis

Phosphorylated Ser473‐Akt (p‐Ser473‐Akt) is extensively studied as a correlate for the activity of Akt, which plays an important role in mouse oogenesis and preimplantation embryogenesis. However, little progress has been made about its effect on the mouse zygotic genome activation (ZGA) of 2‐cell stage in mouse preimplantation embryos. In this study, we confirmed its localization in the pronuclei of 1‐cell embryos and found that p‐Ser473‐Akt acquired prominent nucleus localization in 2‐cell embryos physiologically. Akt specific inhibitors API‐2 and MK2206 could inhibit the development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vitro, and induce 2‐cell arrest at certain concentrations. 2‐cell embryos exposed to 2.0 μmol/L API‐2 or 30 μmol/L MK2206 displayed attenuated immunofluorescence intensity of p‐Ser473‐Akt in the nucleus. Simultaneously, qRT‐PCR results revealed that 2.0 μmol/L API‐2 treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA pattern of MuERV‐L and eIF‐1A, two marker genes of ZGA, suggesting a defect in ZGA compared with that of control group. Collectively, our work demonstrated the nuclear localization of p‐Ser473‐Akt during major ZGA, and Akt specific inhibitors API‐2 and MK2206 which led to 2‐cell arrest inhibited p‐Ser473‐Akt from translocating into the nucleus of 2‐cell embryos with defective ZGA as well, implying p‐Ser473‐Akt may be a potential player in the major ZGA of 2‐cell mouse embryos.
Fruit regulates seasonal expression of flowering genes in alternate-bearing 'Moncada' mandarin.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The presence of fruit has been widely reported to act as an inhibitor of flowering in fruit trees. This study is an investigation into the effect of fruit load on flowering of 'Moncada' mandarin and on the expression of putative orthologues of genes involved in flowering pathways to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying alternate bearing in citrus. METHODS The relationship between fruit load and flowering intensity was examined first. Defruiting experiments were further conducted to demonstrate the causal effect of fruit removal upon flowering. Finally, the activity of flowering-related genes was investigated to determine the extent to which their seasonal expression is affected by fruit yield. KEY RESULTS First observations and defruiting experiments indicated a significant inverse relationship between preceding fruit load and flowering intensity. Moreover, data indicated that when fruit remained on the tree from November onwards, a dramatic inhibition of flowering occurred the following spring. The study of the expression pattern of flowering-genes of on (fully loaded) and off (without fruits) trees revealed that homologues of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), SUPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1), APETALA1 (AP1) and LEAFY (LFY) were negatively affected by fruit load. Thus, CiFT expression showed a progressive increase in leaves from off trees through the study period, the highest differences found from December onwards (10-fold). Whereas differences in the relative expression of SOC1 only reached significance from September to mid-December, CsAP1 expression was constantly higher in those trees through the whole study period. Significant variations in CsLFY expression only were found in late February (close to 20 %). On the other hand, the expression of the homologues of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) did not appear to be related to fruit load. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest for the first time that fruit inhibits flowering by repressing CiFT and SOC1 expression in leaves of alternate-bearing citrus. Fruit also reduces CsAP1 expression in leaves, and the significant increase in leaf CsLFY expression from off trees in late February was associated with the onset of floral differentiation.
Attitudes Toward Menopause in Relation to Symptom Experience in Puebla, Mexico

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine how attitudes toward menopause were associated with symptom frequencies after controlling for menopause status and level of education. Methods: Women aged 28–70 (n = 755) were interviewed from May, 1999 through August, 2000 in the city of Puebla, Mexico. Over 90% of the sample were aged 40–60. Participants were asked to select from a set of dichotomies to describe “how a woman feels during menopause. ” Symptom frequencies were assessed by a checklist of everyday complaints experienced during the two weeks before interview. Symptom presence or absence was examined in relation to attitudes while controlling for menopause status and level of education using binary logistic regression analyses. Results: The majority of respondents said that a menopausal woman feels “insecure” and “unattractive” yet “complete,” “necessary,” and “successful. ” Pre-menopausal women and respondents who had undergone a hysterectomy were more likely to express negative attitudes. Post-menopausal women and women with fewer years of education were significantly more likely to report symptoms such as hot flashes, joint aches, and nervous tension. A range of negative attitudes were associated with nervous tension, feeling blue, and head aches; however, only a few negative attitudes were significantly predictive of estrogen-related symptoms (e.g., hot flashes). Conclusions: There is a high value placed on both external appearance and familial responsibility among menopausal women in Puebla, Mexico, and negative characterizations of menopause reflect these values. Negative attitudes were associated with more frequently reported symptoms compared with positive attitudes. The challenge remains to separate factors related to the hormonal changes of menopause from those not associated with hormonal changes to better understand symptom experience.
Evaluation of memory-efficient 1-bit compressed sensing in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks generate big-data which leads to overwhelming traffic in the networks. Compressed sensing (CS) can exploit signal sparsity to reduce the amount of traffic. We evaluate the performance of 1-bit CS with a circulant random bipolar measurement matrix. The results show that 1-bit CS can decrease traffic at higher degree in wireless sensor networks compared to the conventional CS. Moreover, applying a circulant random bipolar measurement matrix overcomes the limitation of memory in sensor nodes. The scheme is studied in terms of reconstruction accuracy and memory consumption by using real sensor data. The implementation on sensor nodes validates the viability on a practical system.
Genetic assignment methods for the direct, real‐time estimation of migration rate: a simulation‐based exploration of accuracy and power

Genetic assignment methods use genotype likelihoods to draw inference about where individuals were or were not born, potentially allowing direct, real‐time estimates of dispersal. We used simulated data sets to test the power and accuracy of Monte Carlo resampling methods in generating statistical thresholds for identifying F0 immigrants in populations with ongoing gene flow, and hence for providing direct, real‐time estimates of migration rates. The identification of accurate critical values required that resampling methods preserved the linkage disequilibrium deriving from recent generations of immigrants and reflected the sampling variance present in the data set being analysed. A novel Monte Carlo resampling method taking into account these aspects was proposed and its efficiency was evaluated. Power and error were relatively insensitive to the frequency assumed for missing alleles. Power to identify F0 immigrants was improved by using large sample size (up to about 50 individuals) and by sampling all populations from which migrants may have originated. A combination of plotting genotype likelihoods and calculating mean genotype likelihood ratios (DLR) appeared to be an effective way to predict whether F0 immigrants could be identified for a particular pair of populations using a given set of markers.
Familia: An Open-Source Toolkit for Industrial Topic Modeling

Familia is an open-source toolkit for pragmatic topic modeling in industry. Familia abstracts the utilities of topic modeling in industry as two paradigms: semantic representation and semantic matching. Efficient implementations of the two paradigms are made publicly available for the first time. Furthermore, we provide off-the-shelf topic models trained on large-scale industrial corpora, including Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), SentenceLDA and Topical Word Embedding (TWE). We further describe typical applications which are successfully powered by topic modeling, in order to ease the confusions and difficulties of software engineers during topic model selection and utilization.
Complete immunosuppression withdrawal and subsequent allograft function among pediatric recipients of parental living donor liver transplants.

CONTEXT Although life-saving, liver transplantation burdens children with lifelong immunosuppression and substantial potential for morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To establish the feasibility of immunosuppression withdrawal in pediatric living donor liver transplant recipients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-group pilot trial conducted in 20 stable pediatric recipients (11 male; 55%) of parental living donor liver transplants for diseases other than viral hepatitis or an autoimmune disease who underwent immunosuppression withdrawal. Their median age was 6.9 months (interquartile range [IQR], 5.5-9.1 months) at transplant and 8 years 6 months (IQR, 6 years 5 months to 10 years 9 months) at study enrollment. Additional entry requirements included stable allograft function while taking a single immunosuppressive drug and no evidence of acute or chronic rejection or significant fibrosis on liver biopsy. Gradual immunosuppression withdrawal over a minimum of 36 weeks was instituted at 1 of 3 transplant centers between June 5, 2006, and November 18, 2009. Recipients were followed up for a median of 32.9 months (IQR, 1.0-49.9 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was the proportion of operationally tolerant patients, defined as patients who remained off immunosuppression therapy for at least 1 year with normal graft function. Secondary clinical end points included the durability of operational tolerance, and the incidence, timing, severity, and reversibility of rejection. RESULTS Of 20 pediatric patients, 12 (60%; 95% CI, 36.1%-80.9%) met the primary end point, maintaining normal allograft function for a median of 35.7 months (IQR, 28.1-39.7 months) after discontinuing immunosuppression therapy. Follow-up biopsies obtained more than 2 years after completing withdrawal showed no significant change compared with baseline biopsies. Eight patients did not meet the primary end point secondary to an exclusion criteria violation (n = 1), acute rejection (n = 2), or indeterminate rejection (n = 5). Seven patients were treated with increased or reinitiation of immunosuppression therapy; all returned to baseline allograft function. Patients with operational tolerance compared with patients without operational tolerance initiated immunosuppression withdrawal later after transplantation (median of 100.6 months [IQR, 71.8-123.5] vs 73.0 months [IQR, 57.6-74.9], respectively; P = .03), had less portal inflammation (91.7% [95% CI, 61.5%-99.8%] vs 42.9% [95% CI, 9.9%-81.6%] with no inflammation; P = .04), and had lower total C4d scores on the screening liver biopsy (median of 6.1 [IQR, 5.1-9.3] vs 12.5 [IQR, 9.3-16.8]; P = .03). CONCLUSION In this pilot study, 60% of pediatric recipients of parental living donor liver transplants remained off immunosuppression therapy for at least 1 year with normal graft function and stable allograft histology.
Rectal microbicide development

Purpose of reviewIndividuals practicing unprotected receptive anal intercourse are at particularly high risk of HIV infection. Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the developed and developing world continue to have disproportionate and increasing levels of HIV infection. The past few years have seen important progress in demonstrating the efficacy of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), vaginal microbicides, and treatment as prevention, but there has also been significant progress in the development of rectal microbicides. The purpose of this review is to summarize the status of rectal microbicide research and to identify opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this important field of HIV prevention. Recent findingsRecent phase 1 rectal microbicide studies have characterized the safety, acceptability, compartmental pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of both UC781 and tenofovir gels. The tenofovir gel formulation used in vaginal studies was not well tolerated in the rectum and newer rectal-specific formulations have been developed and evaluated in phase 1 studies. SummaryComplex phase 1 studies have provided important data on candidate rectal microbicides. Tenofovir gel is poised to move into phase 2 evaluation and it is possible that a phase 2B/3 effectiveness study could be initiated in the next 2–3 years.
Update on Research and Future Directions of the OMERACT MRI Inflammatory Arthritis Group

The OMERACT Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Task Force has developed and evolved the psoriatic arthritis MRI score (PsAMRIS) over the last few years, and at OMERACT 10, presented longitudinal evaluation by multiple readers, using PsA datasets obtained from extremity MRI magnets. Further evaluation of this score will require more PsA imaging datasets. As well, due to improved image resolution since the development of the original rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring system (RAMRIS), the Task Force has worked on semiquantitative assessment of joint space narrowing, and developed a reliable method as a potential RAMRIS addendum, although responsiveness will need to be evaluated. One of the strengths of MRI is the ability to detect subclinical synovitis, so the group worked on obtaining low disease activity/clinical remission datasets from a number of international centers and presented cross-sectional findings. Subsequent longitudinal evaluation of this unique resource will be a major continuing focus for the group.
A Compact Loop Heat Pipe With Flat Square Evaporator for High Power Chip Cooling

In this paper, systematic experimental and theoretical investigations were carried out on a copper-water compact loop heat pipe with a flat square evaporator having a bottom area of 30 mm × 30 mm. Wick structure inside the evaporator was made of fine copper powder with carefully designed vapor removal channels sintered directly on the substrate. In addition, the design and fabrication of a 120 mm air-cooled condenser was given adequate consideration. From the experimental tests, it is found that such a small loop heat pipe can manage a heat load of more than 600 W, and no dry-out occurs. In the favorable vertical configuration, with an air velocity of 2.8 m/s, this compact loop heat pipe has a thermal resistance as low as 0.042°C/W, with a corresponding evaporator thermal resistance as low as 0.018°C/W . As well, the theoretical analysis agrees in principle with the experimental data.
Formative and Summative Assessment of Class Diagrams - Development and Evaluation of a Prototype

The computer-based assessment of student outputs in the field of software engineering is an area of interest amongst instructors and researchers. However, as previous efforts in this area have been mostly directed toward summative assessment, the formative feedback required for student learning has not received sufficient attention. This paper presents an approach for the formative and summative assessment of class diagrams used in systems development and reports the development, implementation and evaluation of a prototype assessment tool. The results from this empirical study demonstrate that the tool successfully provides formative feedback during the preparation of class diagrams, which helps to enhance student learning, and summative feedback that can be used as a proxy for manual summative assessment.
Development, measurement, and managerial implications of Chinese values

Abstract This study contributes to the literature by exploring the research gap for a need to better understand what Chinese values are and how they are to be measured. This study used a summative content analysis approach to develop Chinese values. Chinese values are influenced by the great Chinese thinkers. Their ideologies and underlying thoughts could be extracted by referring to literature and primary Chinese ancient texts. This study is rich with details over Chinese values drawn from the major Chinese philosophers. It is also the first Chinese values inventory in which each value presents its corresponding source of a Chinese ancient text. In this study, 50 Chinese Values Inventory (CVI50) and a questionnaire (CVQ50) were developed, in which 38 Chinese values were identified. A four-dimensional value system: personal values, social values, altruistic values, and natural values were empirically supported. This study also provides managerial guidelines for those who are expatriated to work in Chinese societies.
Effect of Sugar Transport Inactivation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Sluggish and Stuck Enological Fermentations

Sluggish and stuck (i.e., very delayed or incomplete) fermentations have been often observed in wine making. Some of them appeared to be associated with insufficient levels of yeast nutrients such as assimilable nitrogen. In these conditions, sugar transport catabolite inactivation, which is triggered by the protein synthesis arrest, may account in part for the inhibition of fermentation. Moreover, this mechanism of inhibition may explain the failure of added ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrogen-limited musts to restore or elevate rate of fermentation after the early yeast growth phase.
Logical Clock Requirements for Reverse Engineering Scenarios from a Distributed System

To reverse engineer scenarios from event traces, one must infer causal relationships between events. The inferences are usually based on a trace with sequence numbers or timestamps corresponding to some kind of logical clock. In practice, there is an explosion of potentially causal relationships in the trace, which limits one's ability to extract scenarios. This work defines a more parsimonious form of causality called scenario causality that concentrates on certain major causal relationships and ignores more subtle, potentially causal links. The influence of an event is restricted to the particular scenario it is part of. An event which is not a message reception is defined to be caused by the previous event in the same software object, while a message reception is caused by a sending event in another object. The events are ordered to form a scenario event graph where typed nodes are events and the typed edges are certain causal relationships. Intuitively, we might say that most logical clocks, which identify events which "happened before" a given event and, thus, are potentially causal, give an upper bound on the set of causal events; scenario causality identifies a lower bound. The much smaller lower bound set makes it possible to reverse engineer and automate the analysis of scenarios.
Effectiveness of questionnaires for screening hearing of school-age children: A comprehensive literature review

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the effectiveness of parent or teacher-completed questionnaires as a tool to screen school-aged children for permanent hearing loss. Design: A rapid evidence assessment was completed to provide a summary of information published between 1980 and 2013 in English or Spanish. To identify relevant publications, a database search was conducted using nine databases. Study sample: Seven studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Results: Authors of three of the studies recommended use of the questionnaire as a method for screening hearing in school-aged children, and authors of four of the studies did not recommend use of the questionnaire. However, only one of the seven studies provided good evidence that questionnaires are an effective way of identifying hearing loss among children. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence that parent or teacher completed questionnaire screening can be reliably used to identify children in need of further hearing assessment. It is clear that more research is needed before concluding that questionnaires are an effective and low-cost tool for use to screen children for permanent hearing loss.
Net energy efficiencies of Holstein, Jersey and Holstein-Jersey F1-crosses

Net energy efficiencies were calculated from data of an experimental herd with respect to type of cow, lactation number, stage of lactation and diet. The trial consisted of 71 Holstein-Friesians, 71 Jerseys and 71 Holstein-Jersey F1-crosses in 1st, 2nd and > 2nd lactation. Data were collected during 210 days of lactation, from calving to week 30 and included total dry matter intake, energy content of foods, milk yield, milk solids, body weight, body condition scores and several body measurements. The cows were divided into four feeding groups : high and low energy content of roughage as well as high and low proportion of concentrates. Net energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio of milk energy to total net energy intake after subtracting energy utilized for maintenance and body tissue change. Body tissue change was calculated either via body-weight changes or body condition-score changes. Due to the distribution of the efficiencies being skewed, efficiencies were transformed applying a Box-Cox transformation. Transformed net energy efficiencies were analysed using a repeated measurements design considering the sequential nature of the observations. Mixed models with a compound symmetry structure for the variance components were applied. Final models contained the fixed effects of type, lactation number, feeding group and the covariates week of lactation and its square. Holstein-Jersey crosses were more efficient than purebreds, second lactation cows were least efficient, cows given low energy roughage and a lower proportion of concentrates were more efficient than cows on the other diets. Least efficient were the cows belonging to the high energy roughage and higher proportion of concentrates group. The coefficients of determination of the final models were between 0·357 and 0·492.
Information Extraction From E-Commerce Websites Using Sequential Word Group Frequencies

In this paper we present an approach how to extract information from e-commerce web sites. Automatic information extraction is applied to e-commerce web sites to construct a description of products. This description contains set of features of the product and their possible values. We implement a new algorithm based on sequential word group frequencies and syntactical rules to extract the semantics. Results are presented and interpreted for future works toward designing an e-commerce shopping agent.
A fully analytical recursive stochastic model to the normalized signed regressor LMS algorithm

This work presents a new statistical analysis of the normalized signed regressor least mean square adaptive algorithm for Gaussian input signals. Deterministic recursive expressions are derived for the mean weight and mean square error behaviors, considering a large number of weights. The proposed approach does not require the use of numerical methods even for correlated inputs. An expression is derived for the steady-state misadjustment. Stability bounds are determined. Monte Carlo simulations show very good agreement between model and simulations during transient and steady-state even for large step sizes and small number of coefficients. The results emphasize the usefulness of this algorithm in applications for which the normalized least mean square algorithm (NLMS) is too complex.