Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drift Instabilities in Thin Current Sheets Using a Two‐Fluid Model With Pressure Tensor Effects

The integration of kinetic effects in fluid models is important for global simulations of the Earth's magnetosphere. We use a two‐fluid 10‐moment model, which includes the pressure tensor and has been used to study reconnection, to study the drift kink and lower hybrid drift instabilities. Using a nonlocal linear eigenmode analysis, we find that for the kink mode, the 10‐moment model shows good agreement with kinetic calculations with the same closure model used in reconnection simulations, while the electromagnetic and electrostatic lower hybrid instabilities require modeling the effects of the ion resonance using a Landau fluid closure. Comparisons with kinetic simulations and the implications of the results for global magnetospheric simulations are discussed.
Black hole and neutron star mergers in galactic nuclei

Nuclear star clusters surrounding supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei contain large numbers of stars, black holes (BHs), and neutron stars (NSs), a fraction of which are likely to form binaries. These binaries were suggested to form a triple system with the SMBH, which acts as a perturber and may enhance BH and NS mergers via the Lidov–Kozai mechanism. We follow-up previous studies, but for the first time perform an extensive statistical study of BH–BH, NS–NS, and BH–NS binary mergers by means of direct high-precision regularized N-body simulations, including post-Newtonian (PN) terms up to order PN2.5. We consider different SMBH masses, slopes for the BH mass function, binary semimajor axis and eccentricity distributions, and different spatial distributions for the binaries. We find that the merger rates are a decreasing function of the SMBH mass and are in the ranges ∼0.17–0.52, ∼0.06–0.10, and ∼0.04–0.16 Gpc−3 yr−1 for BH–BH, BH–NS, and NS–NS binaries, respectively. However, the rate estimate from this channel remains highly uncertain and depends on the specific assumptions regarding the star formation history in galactic nuclei and the supply rate of compact objects (COs). We find that ${\sim } 10\! -\! 20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the mergers enter the LIGO band with eccentricities ≳0.1. We also compare our results to the secular approximation, and show that N-body simulations generally predict a larger number of mergers. Finally, these events can also be observable via their electromagnetic counterparts, thus making these CO mergers especially valuable for cosmological and astrophysical purposes.
Tumor Detection and Classification of MRI Brain Images using SVM and DNN

The brain is one of the most complex organ in the human body that works with billions of cells. A cerebral tumor occurs when there is an uncontrolled division of cells that form an abnormal group of cells around or within the brain. This cell group can affect the normal functioning of brain activity and can destroy healthy cells. Brain tumors are classified as benign or low-grade (Grade 1 and 2) and malignant tumors or high-grade (Grade 3 and 4). The proposed methodology aims to differentiate between normal brain and tumor brain (Benign or Melign). The proposed method in this paper is automated framework for differentiate between normal brain and tumor brain. Then our method is used to predict the diseases accurately. Then these methods are used to predict the disease is affected or not by using a comparison method. These methodology are validated by a comprehensive set of comparison against competing and well established image registration methods, by using real medical data sets and classic measures typically employed as a benchmark by the medical imaging community our proposed method is mostly used in medical field. It is used to easily detect the diseases. We demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the preset framework throughout a comprehensive set of qualitative comparisons against several influential state-of-the-art methods on various brain image databases.
Development of novel semiconductor based photodetector devices

This thesis investigates novel range semiconductor materials and structures for use in optoelectronic devices operating from UV to mid-IR. These devices have an abundant variety of applications, including optical communications and imaging. The studies primarily focus on the electronic band structure of the materials and how this impacts device performance. Dilute bismide III-V alloys are a material of great interest for IR applications, especially with the band structure engineering that can be carried out to fulfil the condition where the spin-orbit splitting energy, ∆
Recurrent Item sets Mining by GAP Seclusion over Large-Scale Data

:- C ommon item sets mining with differential privacy refers to the trouble of mining all common item sets whose helps are above a given threshold in a given transactional dataset, with the constraint that the mined consequences ought to no longer wreck the privacy of any unmarried transaction. Contemporary solutions for this trouble cannot nicely balance efficiency, privateness and information application over large scaled data. Towards this case, we endorse an efficient, differential private frequent item sets mining set of rules over huge scale data. Based at the ideas of sampling and transaction truncation using duration constraints, our algorithm reduces the computation intensity, reduces mining sensitivity, and thus improves data application given a hard and fast privacy finances. Experimental effects show that our set of rules achieves better performance than previous approaches on more than one datasets.
Fuzzy Clustering and Classification based Iris Recognition: A Medical Application

The Iris based authentication framework is basically a pattern recognition strategy that utilizes iris designs, which are factually unique. In this study, an efficient iris recognition system is developed with the help of Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (PFCM) and Fuzzy Logic classifier (FLC). The proposed methodology consists of four modules namely, pre-processing, segmentation, normalization and recognition. Initially, in the pre-processing module, the input images are adjusted to do further processing. Then, we segment the iris region from the input image with the help of PFCM. After that, the segmented image is normalized with the help of the Daugman Robber Sheet Model (DRS). Finally, the iris image is recognized with the help of FLC. The performance of the proposed methodology is analyzed in terms of different metrics namely, accuracy, false acceptance ratio (FAR) and false rejection ratio (FRR). Experimental results demonstrate, proposed PFCM+FLC method attains a better accuracy of 97.5%
The Effects of Music Recommendation Engines on the Filter Bubble Phenomenon

David Allen Henry Wheeler-Mackta Executive Summary Henry Wheeler-Mackta Evin Ugur Chapter I: Introduction Henry Wheeler-Mackta David Allen Chapter II: Background David Allen, Jeremy Campo, Henry Wheeler-Mackta David Allen, Jeremy Campo Chapter III: Methodology Evin Ugur, Henry Wheeler-Mackta David Allen, Jeremy Campo, Evin Ugur Chapter IV: Findings Jeremy Campo, Henry Wheeler-Mackta David Allen Chapter V: Conclusions Jeremy Campo Henry Wheeler-Mackta Appendix A David Allen, Jeremy Campo Appendix B David Allen Appendix C Evin Ugur
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Implications of estimating road traffic serious injuries from hospital data

To determine accurately the number of serious injuries at EU level and to compare serious injury rates between different countries it is essential to use a common definition. In January 2013, the High Level Group on Road Safety established the definition of serious injuries as patients with an injury level of MAIS3+(Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale). Whatever the method used for estimating the number or serious injuries, at some point it is always necessary to use hospital records. The aim of this paper is to understand the implications for (1) in/exclusion criteria applied to case selection and (2) a methodological approach for converting ICD (International Classification of Diseases/Injuries) to MAIS codes, when estimating the number of road traffic serious injuries from hospital data. A descriptive analysis with hospital data from Spain and the Netherlands was carried out to examine the effect of certain choices concerning inand exclusion criteria based on codes of the ICD9-CM and ICD10. The main parameters explored were: deaths before and after 30 days, readmissions, and external injury causes. Additionally, an analysis was done to explore the impact of using different conversion tools to derive MAIS3+using data from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Spain. Recommendations are given regarding the in/exclusion criteria and when there is incomplete data to ascertain a road injury, weighting factors could be used to correct data deviations and make more real estimations.
Using lesson plans as a proxy for teacher technology integration practices in math and science using TPACK: A transferrable research design

The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel approach to measuring teacher technology integration practices in the context of lesson plans using the TPACK framework. We first describe the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework in light of lesson plans as a proxy for teacher practices. We then describe a systematic and rigorous procedure for analyzing the lesson plans for evidence of TPACK. We used this method on a large cross-sectional sample of teacher lesson plans in the context of math and science lesson plans. We believe this approach is a novel way to gauge teacher technology integration practices beyond self-report measures, observation, and case study. Significance and caveats to this approach are described in light of our experiences.
Tenebrio molitor and its gut bacteria growth in polystyrene (PS) presence as the sole source carbon

Although polystyrene (PS) is considered a non-biodegradable material, recent work has shown the degradation capacity of this material by microorganisms, especially those that are part of the natural microbiota of the digestive tract of some invertebrates. The present work sought to evaluate the growth of the larva of the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and its bacteria, using PS as the sole source of carbon. In this way it was possible to demonstrate the consumption of PS plates by the larva, found in holes and tunnels in the material, however, nutritionally it is not enough for the larva to gain biomass, notably reducing its size and time survival. Similarly, bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of T. molitor presented the ability to generate biofilms o n P S s heets, g enerating changes ( cracks, holes, etc.) in them, which were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating the possible use of this material as a carbon source for its growth.
Explorer Bidirectional model transformations in QVT : semantic issues and open questions

We consider the OMG’s Queries, Views and Transformations (QVT) standard as applied to the specification of bidirectional transformations between models. We discuss what is meant by bidirectional transformations, and the model-driven development scenarios in which they are needed. We analyse the fundamental requirements on tools which support such transformations, and discuss some semantic issues which arise. In particular, we show that any transformation language sufficient to the needs of model-driven development would have to be able to express non-bijective transformations. We argue that a considerable amount of basic research is needed before suitable tools will be fully realisable, and suggest directions for this future research.
Program and Portfolio Affordability Tradeoffs Under Uncertainty Using Epoch‐Era Analysis

The design, acquisition and stewardship of large scale, sociotechnical programs and portfolios faces new challenges as constituent systems evolve in sophistication and interconnectedness, all while exogenous factors become more volatile. However, advances in computational capabilities and uncertainty modeling better enable systems engineers to evaluate value tradeoffs in early phase conceptual design. This paper extends prior work that explored system design tradespaces for affordability under uncertainty to the program and portfolio level. Time‐varying exogenous factors, such as resource availability, stakeholder needs, or technology obsolescence may influence value contribution of constituent systems over the lifecycle of a portfolio, potentially making an initially attractive design less attractive over time. This paper introduces a method to conduct portfolio design for affordability by leveraging Epoch‐Era Analysis with aspects of Modern Portfolio Theory. The method is demonstrated through the design of a carrier strike group portfolio involving the integration of multiple legacy systems and newly acquired vessels.
Antigen Detection in Urine Specimens from Dogs with Blastomycosis : Comparison of Rabbit Antibodies Prepared from a Human and Dog Isolate of Blastomyces dermatitidis

Laboratory diagnosis of blastomycosis has relied on antibody detection assays for many years. During the past few years investigators have concentrated on developing improved assays for laboratory detection of antigen for this disease. This present study used a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to compare antibodies prepared from killed whole yeast cells of Blastomyces dermatitidis isolates B5896 (Minnesota, human) and ERC-2 (Wisconsin dog) for the detection of antigen in urine specimens from 52 dogs with blastomycosis. The sensitivity ranged from 86.5% with B5896 antibody to 67.3% with the ERC-2 antibody. This comparative assay indicated that the B5896 antibody had a higher degree of sensitivity than ERC-2 antibody and seems to shows potential for the reliable diagnosis of blastomycosis in humans and animals.
ACUTE VENLAFAXINE OVERDOSE WITH POSITIVE URINE IMMUNOASSAY FOR TRAMADOL – CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC OVERLAP - CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE OVERVIEW

Objective. The overlapping of pharmacokinetics and/or the pharmacodynamics of medicines causes the occurrence of overlapping clinical syndromes and diagnostic issues, potentiated in overdoses. We report a case of severe venlafaxine poisoning where the clinical presentation and the results of rapid immunoassay test overlapped with tramadol intoxication. Case presentation. An unconscious women with recurrent seizers, hypertension and supposed acute medication poisoning in suicidal attempt was transported to our clinic. Previously, she had been lavaged, rehydrated and treated with 20 mg diazepam iv, 40 mg furosemide at the local general hospital. Her regular tablet therapy consisted of losartan, levothyroxine, venlafaxine, occasionally tramadol. At admission she was comatose, with isochoric normal pupils, BP 130/80 mm Hg, SaO2 86%, and recurrent episodes of seizures treated with 10mg diazepam iv, ocular clonus, hypertonus, temperature 38.9C, diaphoresis, facial hyperaemia, dark coloured urine, hyponatremia and rhabdomyolisis. The lateral flow immunoassay (AbuGnostR) was positive for tramadol, but the homogeneous enzyme immunoassay did not confirm it. After 36 hours of intensive treatment she became somnolent and reported ingestion of 2250 mg tbl Venlafaxine. The AbuGnost R test detects tramadol at cut off urine values 200ng/ml, but present cross reactivity with O-desmethyl-venlafaxine at cut off values up to 25000ng/ml. The following days she complained of muscular weakness, headaches and cognitive impairment, which lasted for more then one month after release from hospital. Conclusion. High concentrations of venlafaxine metabolites induce false positive tramadol immunoassay (AbuGnostR) test. Overlapping clinical presentations and metabolic pathways of venlafaxine and tramadol should alert physicians when interpret rapid immunoassay test. The mandatory principle when making medical decisions should cover synthesis of critically interpreted toxicology analysis, interview data and clinical features of the poisoning, which may help to avoid misleading conclusions and improve the diagnostic and therapy decisions.
Aalborg Universitet IL-18 and S 100 A 12 Are Upregulated in Experimental Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease. RVO may be complicated by pronounced ischemia that often leads to severe loss of visual function. The present work aimed at studying the retinal proteome of RVO complicated by ischemia. In six Danish Landrace pigs RVO was induced with argon laser in the right eye of each animal. As four retinal veins were occluded, the RVO best corresponded to a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Left control eyes received a similar laser treatment without inducing occlusion. RVO and retinal ischemia were verified by angiography. The retinas were collected 15 days after RVO for proteomic analysis. RVO resulted in a downregulation of proteins involved in visual perception, including rhodopsin, transducin alpha chain, and peripherin-2. RVO also caused a downregulation of proteins involved in neurotransmitter transport, including glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2), and complexins 2–4. RVO lead to increased contents of proteins involved in inflammation, including interleukin-18 (IL-18), S100A12, and annexin A1 (ANXA1). Immunohistochemistry revealed a general retinal upregulation of IL-18 and ANXA1 while S100A12 was highly abundant in retinal ganglion cells in RVO. IL-18 and S100A12 are likely to be driving forces in the inflammatory response of RVO complicated by ischemia. Our findings also suggest that RVO results in compromised neurotransmission and a downregulation of proteins involved in visual perception.
The absent-minded prisoner

If one of two rational players is absent-minded for at least three rounds, cooperation in a prisoners’ dilemma with a finite number of repetitions is possible. If both players are absent-minded, even two rounds of absent-mindedness can be enough for cooperation in these rounds and all rounds before. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a cooperative equilibrium are derived, a plausible interpretation of absent-mindedness in the case of many repetitions is given.
Stochastic Dominance of Any Type and Any Degree, and Expected Utility: A Unifying Approach

This paper provides a general framework for a unifying treatment of stochastic dominance of any degree and of any type (direct or inverse for each nal or intermediary level). It gives the conditions for the congruence between stochastic dominance and classes of utility functions in this general framework and shows, as particular cases, the properties of some varieties of stochastic dominance usually neglected in standard literature.
Dual Band, Miniaturized, Implantable Antenna Design with On-body Antennas for Wireless Health Monitoring

─ A modified Hilbert fractal geometry and serpentine radiator-based implant antenna is proposed for dual band medical operations in both the MICS band (402-405 MHz) and ISM band (2.4–2.48 GHz). The antenna has miniaturized dimensions of 5.5 x 7.6 x 0.8 mm (width x height x thickness) and is simulated inside a four layer (air, skin, fat and muscle) model with dimensions of 150 mm x 75mm x 55 mm. A Zirconia (ɛr=29) superstrate and shorting pin were utilized to achieve biocompatibility and the desired resonance. Relatively stable and omni-directional radiation patterns were achieved for the dual band operation. An ISM band on-body antenna (5.8 x 5.5 x 0.8 mm) was proposed to generate a wake-up signal while the wireless telemetry transmission was achieved using the MICS band onbody antenna (5.8 x 5.5 x 0.8 mm). Implant and on-body antennas demonstrated a reflection coefficient (S11) better than -10 dB characteristics. To adhere to the SAR regulation limit of 1.6W/kg, the peak incident power should not exceed 0.25 mW and 0.2 mW for the ISM band and MISC band on-body antennas respectively. Propagation channel characteristics were simulated by observing the S12 and S13 characteristics and satisfactory results were achieved. The peak gain for the implant, MICS band and ISM band on-body antennas were -39.8 dBi, -35.6 dBi and -23 dBi, respectively due to the miniature dimensions. The miniaturized characteristics, dual-band operation, biocompatibility and stable characteristics in the presence of human tissue model make both the implant and on-body antennas suitable for biomedical monitoring systems. Index Terms ─ Biocompatible, dual-band, implant antenna, miniaturized, on-body antenna.
Proposed Technique : ( a ) Proposed Message Embedding Procedure :

The applications accessing multimedia systems and content over the Web have grown extremely in the past few years. Furthermore, many end users can easily use tools to synthesize and edit multimedia information. Thus, security has become one of the most significant problems for distributing new information technology. It is necessary to protect this information while communicated over insecure channels. It is also important to determine where and how such a multimedia file is confidential. Thus, a need exists for developing technology that will help protect the integrity of digital content and secure the intellectual property rights of owners. Cryptography is a means to achieve this task. In this paper, a secured package is implemented and integrated under the hash function umbrella to provide appropriate services for protecting multimedia through communication channels. The algorithm was tested with different cryptosystems using multimedia files under windows environment and it was proved that extracting any information about the encrypted information is hard for any eavesdropper with computational resources. In addition, information security results with experimental examples are discussed and finally conclusion and remarks are presented.
Financial inclusion: disrupted liquidity and redundancy of mobile money agents in Zimbabwe

Mobile money agents (MMAs) are the pedestal of inclusive finance by bringing financial services closer to unbanked people by offering them capabilities to move from cash to electronic money and vice versa. This function is effective in an environment where hard cash is in uninterrupted circulation. The aim of this paper is to investigate implications of cash liquidity challenges in Zimbabwe to the development of financial inclusion through MMAs in a rural set-up. Phenomenological in-depth interviews were conducted with MMAs. Due to national liquidity challenges, MMAs ceased to receive cash float support, limiting their cash-in and cash-out services. Pure agents were adversely affected, while those who operate retail goods services reported increased goods sales through mobile money point-of-sale payments. Consumers are restricted to deal in electronic funds in the cashless economy making the cash-in and cash-out function of MMAs redundant. MMAs need support to sustain their operations and recoup invested capital in infrastructure. Risk management strategies, including the principal-agent contracts that minimize the exposure of MMAs to disruption of the service are important. MMAs could form an association to lobby financial regulators for support, negotiation with principals, market research, political power and active participation of agents in deepening financial inclusion. Perhaps pure MMAs could improve their economic sustainability by diversifying their businesses.