Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENETIC CONTROL OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI.

14 Grobstein, C. , in The Cell, ed. Jean Brachet and Alfred Mirsky (New York: Academic Press, 1959), pp. 437-496. "I Westfall, B. B. , E. V. Peppers, V. J. Evans, K. K. Sanford, N. M. Hawkins, M. C. Fioramonti, H. A. Kerr, G. L. Hobbs, and W. R. Earle, "The Arginase and Rhodanese Activities of Certain Cell Strains after Long Cultivation in vitro," J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. , 4, 567 (1958). 16 Wu, R. , "Regulatory Mechanisms in Carbohydrate Metabolism," J. Biol. Chem., 234, 2806 (1959). 17 Rogers, S. , "Induction of Arginase in Rabbit Epithelium by the Shope Rabbit Pappiloma Virus," Nature, 183, 1815 (1959). 18 Frunder, H. , and G. Richter, "Uber Anderungen der DPN/DPNH Konzentration in Schnitten normaler und verfetter Lebern wahren des Warburg-Versuchs," Biochemische Zeitschrift, 299, 39 (1955).
Teaching ICT infrastructure supported by cloud service Azure

In this paper the use of Microsoft Azure in the teaching of ICT infrastructure components is described. In addition, the article includes the analysis of the effect caused by Microsoft Azure on different learning goals. In addition, the understanding of the learning paradigms is needed and we claim that constructivism works in the most successful way while setting up new services such as ICT infrastructure elements on the cloud. This article presents how we organized an optional coursework on Microsoft Azure for the students. The coursework included three parts: setting up virtual machines, setting up virtual storage, and setting up virtual networks. It also includes the analysis of the coursework based on the preand postquestionnaires. The empirical results did not show significant difference between those who completed the coursework and who did not complete the coursework. However, in the open-open ended responses, the students showed the positive attitude to the coursework and this reflects the quality of learning and support for the constructivist-learning paradigm. However, these responses show the need to add service management into this coursework.
Phonon anomalies and local atomic displacements in the exchange-enhanced superconductor U6Fe.

Moessbauer effect and neutron-diffraction measurements have been made as a function of temperature on the exchange-enhanced superconductor U/sub 6/Fe. Non-Debye behavior is observed in the thermal mean-squared displacement of Fe with the Debye temperature changing from THETA/sub f/approx. =320 K above 100 K to THETA/sub f/approx. =400 K below 80 K. Changes in the Moessbauer shift below 100 K are attributed principally to electronic-structure changes of the Fe atom which lead to a small increase in the number of d electrons and a concomitant reduction in the number of s electrons. The neutron-diffraction results indicate a pronounced anisotropy in the unit-cell thermal expansion and below 100 K an anomalous temperature dependence for the c-axis component of the total Debye-Waller factor of Fe. These observations taken together imply that along the c axis, static displacements of the Fe atoms begin around 100 K and increase with decreasing temperature.
Topology of the resonating valence-bond state: Solitons and high-Tc superconductivity.

We study the topological order in the resonating valence-bond state. The elementary excitations have reversed charge-statistics relations: There are neutral spin-1/2 fermions and charge +- e spinless bosons, analogous to the solitons in polyacetylene. The charged excitations are very light, and form a degenerate Bose gas even at high temperatures. We discuss this model in the context of the recently discovered oxide superconductors.
Vagotomy, Antrectomy, and Roux‐en-Y Diversion for Complex Reoperative Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

ObjectiveFailure of conventional surgical therapy for treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) taxes the ingenuity of the esophageal surgeon. This study defines the role of vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-en-Y diversion coupled, when necessary, with resection of the esophagogastric junction as an alternative to other surgical procedures currently employed for these complicated cases. Summary Background DataCurrently, the operation in question rarely is performed in the United States. Other procedures, such as interposition of short or long segments of intestine and total esophagectomy with gastric pull-up, are preferred. However, surgeons from Scandinavia, Great Britain, and Europe have published widely on the subject, some even preferring its use as a primary procedure in GERD. MethodsThis report reviews the indications and results of the operation in 36 patients who underwent operation between January 1970 and January 1994. Follow-up evaluation was available for review in 33 patients observed from 1 to 20 years postoperatively (average, 6 2/3 years). Of these patients, 32 had undergone 66 previous operative procedures on the distal esophagus and stomach ranging from 1 to 6 per patient. There were no hospital deaths, but complications developed in nine patients (25%); only half of these complications were major. Of patients available for follow-up, 85% were improved by the operation, 24 of the 33 having excellent or good results. ConclusionsThe operation of vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-en-Y diversion, embodying the principles of acid suppression and alkaline diversion, has proved to be a successful alternative to other operative procedures currently favored in the United States for the treatment of the complex reoperative patient with GERD.
Advances in Our Understanding of the Mechanisms of the Neurotoxicity of MPTP and Related Compounds

The discovery that 1 -methyl4-phenyl1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyndine (MPTP), a contaminant of a synthetic pethidine analogue sold as a street drug, produced a condition resembling Parkinson’s disease has been described in detail (for reviews, see Langston, 1985; Snyder and DAmato, 1986). MPTP was shown to cause a selective destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in primates and some other animal species, and this stimulated a great deal ofwork on the mechanisms involved in its neurotoxic effects and their possible relationship to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Earlier work on the mechanism by which MPTP exerts its selective neurotoxic effects has been reviewed before, and the present account will concentrate on more recent discoveries concerning its biochemical actions and the unresolved problems that remain.
The Present and Future Trends in High Power Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies

S. Azam1, 3 and Q. Wahab1, 2, 4 1) Department of Physics (IFM), Linkoping University, SE-581 83, Linkoping, Sweden 2) Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), SE-581 11, Linkoping, Sweden 3) Department of Electrical Engineering, Linkoping University, SE-581 83, Linkoping, Sweden 4) Department of Electronic Engineering, ECE Faculty, NED University of Engineering and Technology, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan
Comparison of Shaping Ability of Five Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Simulated Curved Canals

This study compared the shaping ability of five Ni-Ti rotary files (ProTaper Universal, Reciproc, Hyflex CM, ProTaper Next and TF Adaptive) in simulated root canals. Each group consisted of 10 root canals. Preand post-instrumentation photographs were taken using a precise camera and superimposed with Photoshop. Material removal from the inner and outer canal walls, transportation and centering ability were measured with Image Pro Plus software. The preparation time was compared. TF Adaptive produced less transportation at the apical curvature, followed by Reciproc and Hyflex CM. There were no significant differences in coronal curvature transportation (p>0.05) among the five groups. ProTaper Next and Hyflex CM had a significantly higher cutting efficacy than ProTaper Universal, Reciproc or TF Adaptive (p<0.05). In general, all five instruments respected the original canal curvature well and were safe to use.
Anesthetic Management and Perioperative Complications in Endovascular Interventions: The

Background and Aim: Thoracic, abdominal and thoraco-abdominal aortic pathologies have highest mortality and morbidity causing pathologies in cardiovascular surgery. Co-existing diseases and age significantly increase risk of anesthesia and mortality rate in treatment of these patients. Endovascular techniques are used increasingly due to minimally invasive approach, decreased anesthesia risk during implementation, reduced length of hospital stay, and low mortality and mobidity rates. The aim of this investigation was to report our anesthetic experiences in endovascular techniques performed at our center. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 120 (19 females, 101 males; mean age: 67±12 years) consecutive symptomatic patients with thoracic and abdominal aortic pathologies who underwent endovascular stent graft surgery with either general or regional anesthesia or sedoanalgesia between 2009 and 2014, at our center. Results: The number of patients having abdominal endovascular stent graft surgery was 81. Among the rest; 87% underwent thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair, while 13% had both of the interventions. The duration of anesthesia and surgery was not different among the intervention groups. 86.8% of patients had general anesthesia, while 12.3% and 0.9% had regional anesthesia and sedoanalgesia; respectively. Postoperatively, the rate of being intubated and the length of stay in intensive care unit were found significantly lower in endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) group. Conclusion: EVAR should be considered as a beneficial alternative treatment option for high-risk and inoperable, elderly patients. Anesthesiological approach to be selected in these patients may be affected not only by general condition and cooperation of the patient, but also by the location of the pathology and duration of the process. Thus, the anesthesiologists should be prepared to face issues related to the patient’s safety both during the administration of anesthesia and in the postoperative period.
General random sequences and learnable sequences

Abstract We formalise the notion of those infinite binary sequences z that admit a single program P which expresses the entire algorithmical structure of z. Such a program P minimizes the information which must be used in a relative computation for z. We propose two concepts with different strength for this notion, the learnable and the super-learnable sequences. We establish three different equivalent characterizations of learnable (super-learnable, resp.) sequences. In particular, we prove that a sequence z is learnable (super-learnable, resp.) if and only if there is a computable probability measure p such that p is Schnorr (Martin-Löf, resp.) p-random. There is a recursively enumerable sequence which is not learnable. The learnable sequences are invariant with respect to all total and effective transformations of infinite binary sequences.
Microenvironmental influences on mutagenesis in mammary epithelial cells

Tumor progression may be viewed as an evolutionary process at the cellular level. Because blood supply to solid tumors is inadequate, the cancer cells face a hostile microenvironment characterized by hypoxia or anoxia, acidic extracellular pH and nutrient deficiencies. It has been proposed that these factors result in increased levels of spontaneous mutagenesis and thereby contribute to tumor progression. We have examined spontaneous mutagenesis in vitro and in vivo, using previously characterized cell lines (mammary epithelial cells [ME] and mammary fibroblast cells [MFib]) from the mammary gland of the BigBlue™ rat, carrying a transgene construct suitable for the detection of mutations. Cells were exposed in vitro to control conditions, low pH, or to glucose deprivation, under normoxic or hypoxic culture conditions, and were also grown as xenografted tumors in immune‐deficient mice. We examined cell survival and mutant frequency/spectrum at the cII locus. Significant increases in mutant frequency were observed in ME cells exposed to hypoxia alone or in combination with no glucose; the latter condition also resulted in reduced clonogenic survival. Cells grown as xenografts and then recovered and expanded in culture also had elevated frequencies of spontaneous mutations. We observed a shift in the spontaneous mutation spectrum between the ME cells and the MET cells (cultured in vitro or isolated from mouse xenograft tumors). These results support the concept that the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor progression by enhancing spontaneous mutagenesis, that different cell types from the same organ can respond differently to these stresses and that differences in microenvironment may influence the types of mutations that arise. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Access to electronic commerce sites on the World Wide Web: an analysis of the effectiveness of six Internet search engines

The success of electronic commerce (e-commerce) sites that cater to online shopping is dependent upon a number of factors, such as the quality, variety and price of their products, their guarantees, return policies, etc. The success of these sites is predicated upon the more basic assumption that consumers can actually find the sites on the World Wide Web. A major advantage of online shopping is that it enables consumers to engage in comparison shopping with an ease that cannot be replicated easily in the physical world. This paper examines the ways in which six Internet search engines facilitate access to online shopping sites via their hierarchical subject directories. Specifically, the paper examines the internal structure, consistency and orientation of the six subject directories. The findings indicate that the search directories (i) use ambiguous and sometimes misleading categories to organize e-commerce sites, (ii) are only moderately consistent in the way they organize e-commerce sites and (iii) provide relatively few opportunities for comparison shopping.
Some observations on the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome.

ALTHOUGH the association of hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemic alkalosis and resistance to the pressor effect of angiotensin in Bartter's syndrome is well recognized,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 there is no agreement concerning the primary event leading to this combination of abnormalities. In the patient described below, an attempt was made to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disorder. Case Report A 35-year-old man, born on April 27, 1937, had tetany, weakness, frequent vomiting and general malaise from infancy until the age of 17 years, when his health improved and his weight began to increase. Aside from polyuria and occasional muscle cramps since childhood and attacks of .
Requirement for CD40 Ligand, CD4+ T Cells, and B Cells in an Infectious Mononucleosis-Like Syndrome

ABSTRACT Respiratory challenge with the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV-68) results in productive infection of the lung, the establishment of latency in B lymphocytes and other cell types, transient splenomegaly, and prolonged clonal expansion of activated CD8+ CD62Llo T cells, particularly a Vβ4+ CD8+ population that is found in mice with different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes. Aspects of the CD8+-T-cell response are substantially modified in mice that lack B cells, CD4+ T cells, or the CD40 ligand (CD40L). The B-cell-deficient mice show no increase in Vβ4+ CD8+ T cells. Similar abrogation of the Vβ4+ CD8+ response is seen following antibody-mediated depletion of the CD4+ subset, through the numbers of CD8+ CD62Llo cells are still significantly elevated. Virus-specific CD4+-T-cell frequencies are minimal in the CD40L−/− mice, and the Vβ4+ CD8+ population remains unexpanded. Apparently B-cell–CD4+-T-cell interactions play a part in the γHV-68 induction of both splenomegaly and non-MHC-restricted Vβ4+ CD8+-T-cell expansion.
Difficult to control asthma in children

Purpose of review The management of children with difficult asthma requires a systematic approach. These children are prescribed high doses of inhaled or oral corticosteroids and a balance must be struck between therapeutic efficacy and side effects. It is important to ensure the diagnosis is correct and that the reasons for poor control in a given child are characterized so that treatment can be targeted for maximal effect. Recent findings Recent data have demonstrated the correlation between invasive and noninvasive measurement of airway eosinophils. Noninvasive markers of inflammation can be used to determine phenotype and there is increasing evidence on the utility of repeated measures to monitor control and treatment effects. Side effects of high-dose corticosteroids remain a concern. The emergence of new therapies may be of benefit. These are often expensive, however, and have the potential for major side effects. Adherence remains a significant obstacle to the effective management of difficult asthma. Summary Children with difficult asthma are a heterogeneous group. Characterization and monitoring of these children can be enhanced by measurements of noninvasive markers of inflammation. Further evaluation of new and phenotype-specific treatments for children with difficult asthma need to be evaluated in prospective randomized controlled trials.
Amiloride Docking to Acid-sensing Ion Channel-1*

Amiloride is a small molecule diuretic, which has been used to dissect sodium transport pathways in many different systems. This drug is known to interact with the epithelial sodium channel and acid-sensing ion channel proteins, as well as sodium/hydrogen antiporters and sodium/calcium exchangers. The exact structural basis for these interactions has not been elucidated as crystal structures of these proteins have been challenging to obtain, though some involved residues and domains have been mapped. This work examines the interaction of amiloride with acid-sensing ion channel-1, a protein whose structure is available using computational and experimental techniques. Using molecular docking software, amiloride and related molecules were docked to model structures of homomeric human ASIC-1 to generate potential interaction sites and predict which analogs would be more or less potent than amiloride. The predictions made were experimentally tested using whole-cell patch clamp. Drugs previously classified as NCX or NHE inhibitors are shown to also inhibit hASIC-1. Potential docking sites were re-examined against experimental data to remove spurious interaction sites. The voltage sensitivity of inhibitors was also examined. Using the aggregated data from these computational and experimental experiments, putative interaction sites for amiloride and hASIC-1 have been defined. Future work will experimentally verify these interaction sites, but at present this should allow for virtual screening of drug libraries at these putative interaction sites.
Comparison of different types of hearing protection devices for use during weapons firing

Introduction: Hearing protection devices (HPDs) are not rated for impulse noise, which makes it difficult to select an appropriate device for use during weapons firing. Measurements of different types of HPDs (level independent, level dependent, earplugs, and earmuffs) were performed following American National Standards Institute/Acoustical Society of America S12.42 procedures. Methods: A rifle producing a peak level of 154 decibels of sound pressure level was used as the noise source for the measurements. The devices tested were E-A-R Classic earplugs, Combat Arms doubleend earplugs, ETY·Plugs earplugs (standard fit), Peltor H10A earmuffs, and Peltor PowerCom Plus earmuffs. The earmuffs were also tested in combination with the E-A-R Classic earplugs and with ballistic glasses. Results: The earplug and earmuff combinations provided the most protection, followed by the level-independent earplugs, earmuffs, and level-dependent earplugs. Wearing of ballistic glasses reduced the effectiveness of the earmuffs. Discussion: Although the results provide information about the level of protection that is possible for several types of HPDs, the best choice of HPD depends on the operational setting. The combination of level-independent earmuffs and earplugs was the most effective, but it is not a practical solution when communication is required. Earplugs should be worn in cases in which earmuffs interfere with sighting the weapon or are incompatible with other gear such as a helmet or glasses. Future work should include different types of communication headsets and different combinations of HPDs.
Regulation of the immune system by sex steroids.

Introduction IN THE PAST 10 years there has been a significant increase in studies relating to the function of the immune system. The recent popularity of research in this area is due in part to the awareness by the medical and scientific community of the importance of immune function in the maintenance of a disease-free homeostasis, to technological advances in the field of immunological research, and to the increased availability of funds for investigation in this area. From the rapidly expanding literature in this field it has become increasingly apparent that the immune system interacts with most, if not all, of the body systems. One of the most intriguing of these interrelationships is that which occurs between the immune and reproductive systems and involves interactions of pituitary hormones, gonadal steroid hormones and thymic hormones. Because of the complexity of this area the present review will concentrate on only one aspect of the interaction between the two systems, namely the effects of gon.
On Generalized I-Algebras and 4-valued Modal Algebras

In this paper we establish a new characterization of 4-valued modal algebras considered by A. Monteiro. In order to obtain this characterization we introduce a new class of algebras named generalized I-algebras. This class contains strictly the class of C-algebras defined by Y. Komori as an algebraic counterpart of the infinite-valued implicative Lukasiewicz propositional calculus. On the other hand, the relationship between I-algebras and conmutative BCK-algebras, defined by S. Tanaka in 1975, allows us to say that in a certain sense G-algebras are also a generalization of these latter algebras
A Secure mechanism for load balancing framework in cloud : An CDAP approach

The traditional network security measures do not properly address the security issues of cloud environment and mostly during the allocation process. Like capabilities, the faults are too inherited, which have worsened more in cloud due to its characteristics. Even being one of the fundamental technology of cloud, the security hindrance is more because of virtualization. Being a multidomain environment different security measures can be applied at independent domains as well as in their functionalities. In this paper we are proposing an efficient security technique based on the privacy homomorphism CDAP (Concealed Data Aggregation) in order to achieve efficient data concealment by using end to end encryption process during the mechanism of suboptimal Load balancing . The load balancing frame work adopts the greedy incremental mechanism for the proper allocation of resources.