Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple cranial nerve deficits as preceding symptoms of systemic non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Multiple cranial nerve deficit is a common neurological manifesta‐ tion. It is usually presented in schwannoma and meningioma patients but rarely in lymphoma.1Non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma accounts for 90% of lymphomas, and its clinical manifestations differ with diverse primary sites.2 Approximately 5%‐10% of systemic non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma is characteristic of central nervous system invasion, such as secondary central nervous system lymphoma.3 Multiple cranial nerve deficits are rarely the primary manifestation of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In this study, we aimed to prove that multiple cranial nerve deficit can be onset symptom of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In addition, neurologists should pay more attention to the diagnosis of lymphoma in the patients with cranial nerve deficit. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, radiological, patho‐ logical, and cerebrospinal fluid features of five cases with primary manifestation of multiple cranial nerve deficits who were admitted to the neurology department, the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat‐ sen University. The clinical features included symptoms, diagnosis and treatment history, and prognosis. Radiological results included cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination included pressure, white blood cell count, pro‐ tein content, cytology, and flow cytometry; and pathological classi‐ fication was conducted according to the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms.4 The study protocol has been approved by local committee on human research, and we got informed consent of the patients. The average age of the patients was 46 years old (range from 24 to 67),with 2 males and three females. The patients’ clinical, ra‐ diological, and cerebrospinal fluid features are shown in Table 1. Symptoms of multiple cranial nerve deficits of the patients involved blurred vision, diplopia, ptosis, facial palsy. The 3rd and 6th cranial nerves were the most commonly impaired. Cranial MRI showed cranial nerve and leptomeningeal involvement in five patients without parenchymal lesions. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white
Truth® ads, receptivity, and motivation to use or quit tobacco among college students

Abstract Objective: Examine receptivity and motivation to use/quit tobacco among college students after viewing Truth ads. Participants: Random sample of 10,000 college students invited to complete online survey February 2016 (8.5% response rate). Methods: Quasi-experimental. Participants (N = 854) watched four ads and answered survey items for each ad. Results: Students rated ad receptivity and decreased motivation to use tobacco higher for the Catmageddon ad than the others. Regardless of ad, men and current cigarette smokers reported lower receptivity. Younger age was associated with lower motivation to use tobacco for all ads. Tobacco users reported greater motivation to quit with the Catmageddon ad. Conclusions: College students were receptive to the Truth ads, and many indicated lower motivation to use tobacco. Men, older college students, and current cigarette smokers were less receptive to the ads, reinforcing the need to develop tailored campaigns to reach these subgroups.
Rapid Measurement of Soybean Seed Viability Using Kernel-Based Multispectral Image Analysis

Viability is an important quality factor influencing seed germination and crop yield. Current seed-viability testing methods rely on conventional manual inspections, which use destructive, labor-intensive and time-consuming measurements. The aim of this study is to distinguish between viable and nonviable soybean seeds, using a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique in a rapid and nondestructive manner. The data extracted from the NIR–HSI of viable and nonviable soybean seeds were analyzed using a partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) technique for classifying the viable and nonviable soybean seeds. Variable importance in projection (VIP) was used as a waveband selection method to develop a multispectral imaging model. Initially, the spectral profile of each pixel in the soybean seed images was subjected to PLS-DA analysis, which yielded a reasonable classification accuracy; however, the pixel-based classification method was not successful for high accuracy detection for nonviable seeds. Another viability detection method was then investigated: a kernel image threshold method with an optimum-detection-rate strategy. The kernel-based classification of seeds showed over 95% accuracy even when using only seven optimal wavebands selected through VIP. The results show that the proposed multispectral NIR imaging method is an effective and accurate nondestructive technique for the discrimination of soybean seed viability.
Contemporary prognosis of transient ischemic attack patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Transient ischemic attacks are common and place patients at risk of subsequent stroke. The 2007 EXPRESS and SOS-TIA studies demonstrated the efficacy of rapid treatment initiation. We hypothesized that with these findings having informed subsequent transient ischemic attacks management protocols, transient ischemic attacks prognosis in contemporary (2008 and later) patient cohorts would be more favorable than in historical cohorts. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomized control trial placebo-arms of transient ischemic attack (published 2008–2015). The primary outcome was stroke. Secondary outcomes were mortality, transient ischemic attack, and myocardial infarction. Studies were excluded if the outcome of transient ischemic attack patients was not reported separately. The systematic review included all studies of transient ischemic attack. The meta-analysis excluded studies of restricted transient ischemic attack patient types (e.g. only patients with atrial fibrillation). The pooled cumulative risks of stroke recurrence were estimated from study-specific estimates at 2, 7, 30, and 90 days post-transient ischemic attack, using a multivariate Bayesian model. Results We included 47 studies in the systematic review and 40 studies in the meta-analysis. In the systematic review (191,202 patients), stroke at 2 days was reported in 13/47 (27.7%) of studies, at 7 days in 20/47 (42.6%), at 30 days in 12/47 (25.5%), and at 90 days in 33/47 (70.2%). Studies included in the meta-analysis recruited 68,563 patients. The cumulative risk of stroke was 1.2% (95% credible interval (CI) 0.6–2.2), 3.4% (95% CI 2.0–5.5), 5.0% (95% CI 2.9–8.9), and 7.4% (95% CI 4.3–12.4) at 2, 7, 30, and 90 days post-transient ischemic attack, respectively. Conclusion In contemporary settings, transient ischemic attack prognosis is more favorable than reported in historical cohorts where a meta-analysis suggests stroke risk of 3.1% at two days.
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptor 2 (Anti-NR2) Antibody in Neuropsychiatric Lupus Serum Damages the Blood–Brain Barrier and Enters the Brain

Background Brain microvessel endothelial cells constitute an important component in the blood-brain barrier. Cell-culture-based models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have been extensively applied in pharmacology, pathology and physiology. This study investigated effects of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2 (anti-NR2), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antibodies, NMDA receptor antagonists, and NMDA receptor agonists on brain microvessel endothelial cell models, and verified the effect of anti-NR2 antibody on the BBB as a receptor agonist. Material/Methods The primary brain microvessel endothelial cells were isolated and cultured, and an in vitro BBB model was established based on microvessel endothelial cells. Anti-NR2 antibody, glutamic acid, ifenprodil, and memantine were added in the BBB model to analyze changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and to examine the permeability of the brain microvessel endothelial cell model. Results The results showed that TEER values were significantly decreased by the addition of anti-NR2 antibody and glutamate, but were significantly increased by the addition of ifenprodil and memantine. TEER values showed no changes when treated by anti-NR2 antibody and ifenprodil, as well as anti-NR2 antibody and memantine. When dexamethasone was added, the TEER values increased by 23.8%, 39.4%, and 29.6% by treating with anti-NR2 antibody, positive cerebrospinal fluid, and positive serum, respectively. Conclusions Our findings show that anti-NR2 antibody in neuropsychiatric lupus serum can damage the BBB and enter the brain.
[Clinical effect of early or late administration of caffeine citrate in prevention and treatment of apnea in very low birth weight infants].

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical effect of early or late administration of caffeine citrate in the prevention and treatment of apnea in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS A total of 82 VLBW infants who were hospitalized and treated in the neonatal intensive care unit between June 2015 and May 2017 were enrolled. According to the age in days when caffeine citrate treatment was started, they were divided into early treatment group (<3 days) with 22 infants and late treatment group (3 - <10 days) with 60 infants. A retrospective analysis was performed for their clinical data. The two groups were compared in terms of general information during the perinatal period, treatment process, and clinical outcome. RESULTS Compared with the late treatment group, the early treatment group had a significantly lower birth weight (P=0.004), significantly shorter durations of mechanical ventilation and oxygen inhalation (P<0.05), and a significantly lower incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P=0.032). There were no significant differences in other general information, treatment process, and clinical outcome between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early administration of caffeine citrate can improve the prognosis of VLBW infants.
Both excitatory and inhibitory neurons transiently form clusters at the outermost region of the developing mammalian cerebral neocortex

During development of the mammalian cerebral neocortex, postmitotic excitatory neurons migrate toward the outermost region of the neocortex. We previously reported that this outermost region is composed of densely packed relatively immature neurons; we named this region, which is observed during the late stage of mouse neocortical development, the “primitive cortical zone (PCZ). ” Here, we report that postmigratory immature neurons spend about 1–1.5 days in the PCZ. An electron microscopic analysis showed that the neurons in the PCZ tend to be in direct contact with each other, mostly in a radial direction, forming “primitive neuronal clusters” with a height of 3–7 cells and a width of 1–2 cells. A time‐course analysis of fluorescently labeled neurons revealed that the neurons took their positions within the primitive clusters in an inside‐out manner. The neurons initially participated in the superficial part of the clusters, gradually shifted their relative positions downward, and then left the clusters at the bottom of this structure. GABAergic inhibitory interneurons were also found within the primitive clusters in the developing mouse neocortex, suggesting that some clusters are composed of both excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Similar clusters were also observed in the outermost region of embryonic day (E) 78 cynomolgus monkey occipital cortex and 23 gestational week (GW) human neocortices. In the primate neocortices, including human, the presumptive primitive clusters seemed to expand in the radial direction more than that observed in mice, which might contribute to the functional integrity of the primate neocortex.
Factors Regulating microRNA Expression and Function in Multiple Myeloma

Intensive research has been undertaken during the last decade to identify the implication of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). The expression profiling of miRNAs in MM has provided relevant information, demonstrating different patterns of miRNA expression depending on the genetic abnormalities of MM and a key role of some miRNAs regulating critical genes associated with MM pathogenesis. However, the underlying causes of abnormal expression of miRNAs in myeloma cells remain mainly elusive. The final expression of the mature miRNAs is subject to multiple regulation mechanisms, such as copy number alterations, CpG methylation or transcription factors, together with impairment in miRNA biogenesis and differences in availability of the mRNA target sequence. In this review, we summarize the available knowledge about the factors involved in the regulation of miRNA expression and functionality in MM.
Appropriate technologies for upgrading wastewater treatment plants: methods review and case studies in China

Abstract Upgrading existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a more challenging task than constructing new plants. The aim is usually to overcome overloading and to reduce pollution concentrations in the effluent. There are various methods that can be used to upgrade WWTPs. This article reviews some of the methodologies, such as inserting new tanks as additional treatment steps and modifying the WWTP by introducing new technologies. A number of effective technologies are reviewed in terms of their basic concepts, operational conditions, and treatment performances. Examples of WWTPs in China that have been successfully upgraded using these technologies are also highlighted.
Analysis of the Flux Performance of Different RO/NF Membranes in the Treatment of Agroindustrial Wastewater by Means of the Boundary Flux Theory

Dynamic membrane system behaviour must be adequately addressed to avoid process unfeasibility. The lack of proper analysis will mean relying on erroneous permeate flux values in the system design, which will lead to quick and/or steady high fouling rates. In this paper, the authors present additional data supporting the boundary flux theory as a helpful tool for membrane engineers to carefully avoid process failures. By fitting the dynamic permeate flux data to the boundary flux model, it was possible to calculate the β fouling index for the three selected membranes (one nanofiltration (NF) and two reverse osmosis (RO) ones). The dynamic flux given by the low-pressure RO membrane did not follow sub-boundary operating conditions, since a sharp flux loss was measured throughout the whole operating cycle, pinpointing that supra-boundary flux conditions were governing the system. This was supported by the calculated value of the β fouling parameter, which resulted to be in the order of ten times higher for this membrane. However, the values of β→0 for the SC-RO and DK-NF ones, supported by the very low value of the sub-boundary fouling parameter α (0.002 and 0.007 L·h−1·m−2·bar−2, respectively), ensure nearly boundary operating conditions for these membranes.
Soviet Medical Reviews. Section B Physicochemical Aspects of Medicine Reviews - volume 1

educated doctors. Secondly, patients who can afford to pay full market prices for their prescribed medicines should do so, while those who cannot would be exempted, or subsidised through pre-payment certificates. Its author, David Green, has obviously undergone a series of political and economic metamorphoses since his days as a Labour Party activist, and his discussion has the refreshing naivety of a recent convert. Those with longer experience in evaluating medicines and administering drug budgets know that there are no simplistic answers to the problem of drug costs, therapeutic innovation, and the complex relationships between government, pharmaceutical industry, prescribing doctor and patient. Nevertheless, progress depends upon wide discussion of radical proposals by interested parties, and this short readable paperback from the Institute of Economic Affairs Health Unit will be read with interest and profit by all who are involved in developing or implementing health care policies.
Arid1a Loss Drives Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice Through Epigenetic Dysregulation of Hepatic Lipogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a rapidly growing cause of chronic liver damage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. How fatty liver pathogenesis is subject to epigenetic regulation is unknown. We hypothesized that chromatin remodeling is important for the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. AT‐rich interactive domain‐containing protein 1A (ARID1A), a DNA‐binding component of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin‐remodeling complex, contributes to nucleosome repositioning and access by transcriptional regulators. Liver‐specific deletion of Arid1a (Arid1a liver knockout [LKO]) caused the development of age‐dependent fatty liver disease in mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed up‐regulation of lipogenesis and down‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation genes. As evidence of direct regulation, ARID1A demonstrated direct binding to the promoters of many of these differentially regulated genes. Additionally, Arid1a LKO mice were more susceptible to high‐fat diet–induced liver steatosis and fibrosis. We deleted Pten in combination with Arid1a to synergistically drive fatty liver progression. Inhibition of lipogenesis using CAT‐2003, a potent sterol regulatory element‐binding protein inhibitor, mediated improvements in markers of fatty liver disease progression in this Arid1a/Pten double knockout model. Conclusion: ARID1A plays a role in the epigenetic regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis, and its suppression contributes to fatty liver pathogenesis. Combined Arid1a and Pten deletion shows accelerated fatty liver disease progression and is a useful mouse model for studying therapeutic strategies for NASH.
ADAR1 Editing and its Role in Cancer

It is well established that somatic mutations and escape of immune disruption are two essential factors in cancer initiation and progression. With an increasing number of second-generation sequencing data, transcriptomic modifications, so called RNA mutations, are emerging as significant forces that drive the transition from normal cell to malignant tumor, as well as providing tumor diversity to escape an immune attack. Editing of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) in double-stranded RNA, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), is one dynamic modification that in a combinatorial manner can give rise to a very diverse transcriptome. Since the cell interprets inosine as guanosine (G), A-to-I editing can result in non-synonymous codon changes in transcripts as well as yield alternative splicing, but also affect targeting and disrupt maturation of microRNAs. ADAR-mediated RNA editing is essential for survival in mammals, however, its dysregulation causes aberrant editing of its targets that may lead to cancer. ADAR1 is commonly overexpressed, for instance in breast, lung, liver and esophageal cancer as well as in chronic myelogenous leukemia, where it promotes cancer progression. It is well known that ADAR1 regulates type I interferon (IFN) and its induced gene signature, which are known to operate as a significant barrier to tumor formation and progression. Adding to the complexity, ADAR1 expression is also regulated by IFN. In this review, we discussed the regulatory mechanisms of ADAR1 during tumorigenesis through aberrant editing of specific substrates. Additionally, we hypothesized that elevated ADAR1 levels play a role in suppressing an innate immunity response in cancer cells.
ANTIOXIDANT VEGETABLES ACT AGAINST CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES

More than 80% people in developing countries depend on traditional medicine or plants and their products for their primary health needs. Indigenous medicinal plants cure different diseases, including cancer without causing any toxicity. Vegetables prevent human from several severe and chronic diseases. We must consume daily at least 400 g of vegetables and fruits including at least 30 g of pulses, nuts and seeds. People who eat much quantity of vegetables have about one-half the risk of cancer and less mortality from cancer. Antioxidant vegetables prevent the human from many severe and chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, leprosy, rheumatism, epilepsy, liver and urinary disorders, stroke, inflammation, paralysis, asthma, diarrhoea, etc. The vegetables contain several phytochemicals possessing antioxidant activity. The antioxidants protect the cells from damage caused by ‘free radicals’- the highly reactive oxygen compounds. Major groups of the vegetable phytochemicals which shows antioxidant activity include vitamins (A, C, E, K), carotenoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, enzymes and minerals. All these compounds prevent from various cancers and other diseases. Hence, the present article explores out some antioxidant vegetables which are commonly taken in the diet, and act against cancer and other diseases.
Preservation of Denonvilliers' fascia for nerve‐sparing laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: A neuro‐histological study

Urogenital complications due to pelvic autonomic nerve damage frequently occur following rectal surgery. We investigated whether total mesorectal excision (TME) with preservation of the Denonvilliers' fascia (DVF) can effectively prevent the removal of pelvic autonomic nerves through microscopy. Twenty consecutive male patients with mid‐low rectal cancer who received TME with preservation or resection of the Denonvilliers' fascia (P and R groups, respectively) were included. Serial transverse sections from surgical specimens were studied histologically. Nerve fibers at the surfaces of the mesorectum were counted. Clinical correlation between the amount of nerve fibers removed and post‐operative sexual function was analyzed. Nerve fibers closely localized to the DVF in the R group displaying rich erectile activity (positive anti‐nNOS immunostaining). At the anterior surface of the mesorectum, the mean numbers of nNOS‐positive nerve fibers per specimen in the P group were significantly lower than the R group (3.0 ± 1.8 vs. 5.0 ± 2.3, P < 0.05). Compared to the R group, patients in the P group had higher IIEF scores and better erectile function at 3 and 6 months post‐operatively. The DVF is a key risk zone for pelvic denervation during laparoscopic TME. Preservation of the DVF can prevent the removal of autonomic nerves and protect post‐operative erectile function. Clin. Anat. 32:439–445, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.