Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Care Pathways and Outcome 1 Year After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective:To assess associations between real-world care pathways for working-age patients in the first year after severe traumatic brain injury and outcomes at 1 year. Setting and Design:Prospective, observational study with recruitment from 6 neurosurgical centers in Sweden and Iceland. Follow-up to 1 year, independently of care pathways, by rehabilitation physicians and paramedical professionals. Participants:Patients with severe traumatic brain injury, lowest (nonsedated) Glasgow Coma Scale score 3 to 8 during the first 24 hours and requiring neurosurgical intensive care, age 18 to 65 years, and alive 3 weeks after injury. Main Measures:Length of stay in intensive care, time between intensive care discharge and rehabilitation admission, outcome at 1 year (Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score), acute markers of injury severity, preexisting medical conditions, and post–acute complications. Logistic regression analyses were performed. Results:A multivariate model found variables significantly associated with outcome (odds ratio for good outcome [confidence interval], P value) to be as follows: length of stay in intensive care (0.92 [0.87-0.98], 0.014), time between intensive care discharge and admission to inpatient rehabilitation (0.97 [0.94-0.99], 0.017), and post–acute complications (0.058 [0.006-0.60], 0.017). Conclusions:Delays in rehabilitation admission were negatively associated with outcome. Measures to ensure timely rehabilitation admission may improve outcome. Further research is needed to evaluate possible causation.
The Clinical Study of 3 menopausal disorder patients with Palpitation and Depression Treated by Yeongkyekamjo-tang

AbstractObjectives :The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Yeongkyekamjo-tang on patients with menopausal disorder.Methods :We recruited 3 patients with menopausal disorder, who have been suffering from palpitation and depression. In addition, the patients had been administrated Yeongkyekamjo-tang. The patients of menopausal disorder had been estimated with Kupperman's index, Beck's Depression Inventory, The Menopause Quiz of Argosy University, visual analogue scale and Heart rate variability. We measured the Kupp erman's index, Beck's Depression Inventory and The Menopause Quiz of Argosy University for every seven days. T he heart rate variability was estimated twice, before and after the treatment.Results :After the treatments, symptoms of menopausal disorder were decreased.Conclusions :This study suggests that Yeongkyekamjo-tang is significantly effective on patients with menopausal disorder as well as palpitation and depression.Key Words:Yeongkyekamjo-tang, Menopausal disorder, Depression, Palpitation, Heart rate vari ability Received : May 27, 2012; Revised : June 3, 2012; Accepted : Jun e 6, 2012Correspondence : Yeoung-su Lyu, Wonkwang University Oriental Medicine Hospital 2-142-1, Dukjin-Dong Dukjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si Cheolabook-Do SOUTH KOREA 561-190Tel : 063-270-1021, Fax : 063-270-1594, E-mail : yslyu@wonkwa ng.ac. kr
The xanthine derivative KMUP‐1 inhibits models of pulmonary artery hypertension via increased NO and cGMP‐dependent inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase

Background and purpose: KMUP‐1 is known to increase cGMP, enhance endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and suppress Rho kinase (ROCK) expression in smooth muscle. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of KMUP‐1 on acute and chronic pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in rats.
Molecular determinants of state‐dependent block of voltage‐gated sodium channels by pilsicainide

Background and purpose: Pilsicainide, an anti‐arrhythmic drug used in Japan, is described as a pure sodium channel blocker. We examined the mechanisms by which it is able to block open channels, because these properties may be especially useful to reduce hyperexcitability in pathologies characterized by abnormal sodium channel opening.
Neural injury following stroke: are Toll‐like receptors the link between the immune system and the CNS?

The CNS can exhibit features of inflammation in response to injury, infection or disease, whereby resident cells generate inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, prostaglandins, free radicals and complement, chemokines and adhesion molecules that recruit immune cells, and activate glia and microglia. Cerebral ischaemia triggers acute inflammation, which exacerbates primary brain damage. The regulation of inflammation after stroke is multifaceted and comprises vascular effects, distinct cellular responses, apoptosis and chemotaxis. There are many cell types that are affected including neurons, astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells, all responding to the resultant neuroinflammation in different ways. Over the past 20 years, researchers examining brain tissue at various time intervals after stroke observed the presence of inflammatory cells, neutrophils and monocytes at the site of injury, as well as the activation of endogenous glia and microglia. This review examines the involvement of these cells in the progression of neural injury and proposes that the Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are likely to be an integral component in the communication between the CNS and the periphery. This receptor system is the archetypal pathogen sensing receptor system and its presence and signalling in the brain following neural injury suggests a more diverse role. We propose that the TLR system presents excellent pharmacological targets for the design of a new generation of therapeutic agents to modulate the inflammation that accompanies neural injury.
High prevalence of stigma-related abuse among a sample of men who have sex with men in Tanzania: implications for HIV prevention

In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of stigma-related abuse and violence among men who have sex with men (MSM) and its potential impact on the HIV/AIDS epidemic is unknown. This study estimated the prevalence and source of violence and abuse among a sample of MSM in Tanzania and characterized the association between levels of violence and sexual and mental health variables. Data were taken from a larger study of 200 MSM in Tanzania. Frequency tabulations, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression were performed to describe the prevalence and source of abuse and to determine the association between levels of violence and sexual demographics and mental health variables. The MSM sample for this study was young (median age 23), somewhat educated with the majority having attained secondary school (80%) and mostly employed (60%). Verbal (48.5%) and moral (32.5%) abuses were the most predominant types of abuse among the sample and were mostly from people in the street and neighbors. Sexual abuse (30%) was mostly from partners, and physical violence (29.5%) was largely from people in the street. Participants in the high-violence level group had a significantly greater number of sexual partners, depression scores, and internalized homonegativity (IH) scores. IH predicted HIV infection and verbal abuse predicted IH.There is a need for an increased awareness of violence and abuse faced by MSM in Tanzania, as well as effective programs to specifically target the issue of violence among MSM, and its implication for mental health and for risky sexual behaviors and HIV transmission.
Shaping microtubules into diverse patterns: Molecular connections for setting up both ends

Microtubules serve as rails for intracellular trafficking and their appropriate organization is critical for the generation of cell polarity, which is a foundation of cell differentiation, tissue morphogenesis, ontogenesis and the maintenance of homeostasis. The microtubule array is not just a static railway network; it undergoes repeated collapse and reassembly in diverse patterns during cell morphogenesis. In the last decade much progress has been made toward understanding the molecular mechanisms governing complex microtubule patterning. This review first revisits the basic principle of microtubule dynamics, and then provides an overview of how microtubules are arranged in highly shaped and functional patterns in cells changing their morphology by factors controlling the fate of microtubule ends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin index is a new prognostic indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma

Des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) has been reported to be an important prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, a monoclonal antibody, 19B7, which recognizes the Gla domain of DCP, has been identified. The 19B7 antibody recognizes an epitope different from that recognized by MU‐3, which is another antibody against DCP. In this study, the authors investigated the measurement of DCP using the antibodies MU‐3 and 19B7, respectively, as a prognostic factor for patients with HCC who had solitary, small tumors and or Child Stage A HCC.
Optimism, community attachment and serostatus disclosure among HIV-positive men who have sex with men

This study investigated the relationship between HIV health optimism (HHO) (the belief that health will remain good after HIV infection due to treatment efficacy), HIV-positive community attachment (HCA), gay community attachment (GCA) and serostatus disclosure to casual sex partners by HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Cross-sectional questionnaire data were gathered from 97 HIV-positive MSM attending an HIV treatment clinic in Dublin, Ireland. Based on self-reported disclosure to casual partners, participants were classified according to their pattern of disclosure (consistent, inconsistent or non-disclosers). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess HHO, HCA and GCA as predictors of participants' pattern of disclosure. Classification as a non-discloser (compared to a consistent discloser) was associated with higher HHO, less HCA and greater GCA. Classification as an inconsistent discloser (compared to a consistent discloser) was associated with higher GCA. The study provided novel quantitative evidence for associations between the constructs of interest. The results suggest that (1) HHO is associated with reduced disclosure, suggesting optimism may preclude individuals reaping the benefits of serostatus disclosure and (2) HCA and GCA represent competing attachments with conflicting effects on disclosure behaviour. Limitations and areas for future research are discussed.
Interference with kinesin‐based anterograde neurofilament axonal transport increases neurofilament‐neurofilament bundling

Neurofilaments (NFs) associate with each other and with other cytoskeletal elements to form a lattice that supports the mature axon. Phosphorylation contributes to formation of this stationary population of NFs by fostering cation‐dependent interactions among NF sidearms. Association of NFs with the stationary phase indirectly competes with NF axonal transport by withdrawing NFs from kinesin‐dependent motility along microtubules. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of anterograde NF transport may increase incorporation into the stationary phase. To test this hypothesis, we treated differentiated NB2a/d1 cells expressing GFP‐tagged NF subunits with monastrol, a specific inhibitor of kinesin‐5. Monastrol significantly inhibited anterograde axonal transport of NF‐H but not NF‐M, and increased the incorporation of newly‐transported NF subunits into axonal NF bundles. These findings support the notion that NF transport and bundling exert opposing forces on axonal NF dynamics, and that inhibition of anterograde transport of NFs can increase their incorporation into the stationary phase. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Haem arginate infusion stimulates haem oxygenase‐1 expression in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Haem oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) is an inducible protein that plays a major protective role in conditions such as ischaemia‐reperfusion injury and inflammation. In this study, we have investigated the role of haem arginate (HA) in human male subjects in the modulation of HO‐1 expression and its correlation with the GT length polymorphism (GTn) in the promoter of the HO‐1 gene.
Methylglyoxal scavengers attenuate endothelial dysfunction induced by methylglyoxal and high concentrations of glucose

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelial dysfunction is a feature of hypertension and diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite of glucose and its levels are elevated in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in diabetic patients. We investigated if MG induces endothelial dysfunction and whether MG scavengers can prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by MG and high glucose concentrations.
Rho GTPases in animal cell cytokinesis: An occupation by the one percent

Rho GTPases are molecular switches that elicit distinct effects on the actomyosin cytoskeleton to accurately promote cytokinesis. Although they represent less than 1% of the human genome, Rho GTPases exert disproportionate control over cell division. Crucial to this master regulatory role is their localized occupation of specific domains of the cell to ensure the assembly of a contractile ring at the proper time and place. RhoA occupies the division plane and is the central positive Rho family regulator of cytokinesis. Rac1 is a negative regulator of cytokinesis and is inactivated within the division plane while active Rac1 occupies the cell poles. Cdc42 regulation during cytokinesis is less studied, but thus far a clear role has only been shown during polar body emission. Here we review what is known about the function of Rho family GTPases during cell division, as well as their upstream regulators and known downstream cytokinetic effectors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
The expanding superfamily of gelsolin homology domain proteins

The gelsolin homology (GH) domain has been found to date exclusively in actin‐binding proteins. In humans, three copies of the domain are present in CapG, five copies in supervillin, and six copies each in adseverin, gelsolin, flightless I and the villins: villin, advillin and villin‐like protein. Caenorhabditis elegans contains a four‐GH‐domain protein, GSNL‐1. These architectures are predicted to have arisen from gene triplication followed by gene duplication to result in the six‐domain protein. The subsequent loss of one, two or three domains produced the five‐, four‐, and three‐domain proteins, respectively. Here we conducted BLAST and hidden Markov based searches of UniProt and NCBI databases to identify novel gelsolin domain containing proteins. The variety in architectures suggests that the GH domain has been tested in many molecular constructions during evolution. Of particular note is flightless‐like I protein (FLIIL1) from Entamoeba histolytica, which combines a leucine rich repeats (LRR) domain, seven GH domains, and a headpiece domain, thus combining many of the features of flightless I with those of villin or supervillin. As such, the GH domain superfamily appears to have developed along complex routes. The distribution of these proteins was analyzed in the 343 completely sequenced genomes, mapped onto the tree of life, and phylogenetic trees of the proteins were constructed to gain insight into their evolution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The biological and clinical effects of acute whole or partial body irradiation

The author reviews briefly the clinical effects of whole or partial body radiation exposure in terms of damage to normal tissue structure and function. The current biological understanding of the cellular organisation and radiosensitivity of three tissues critical to survival i.e. the bone marrow the gastrointestinal epithelium and the central nervous system, is presented together with an assessment of how damage to each interrelates with the complex dose and time dependent clinical signs and symptoms commonly associated with whole body radiation exposure.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychiatric Diagnoses in Veterans Seeking Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment

Objectives:Explore the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans seeking outpatient substance abuse treatment and the association between TBI and psychiatric diagnoses. Main Measure:The Ohio State University TBI identification method (OSU TBI-ID) was administered to veterans with positive TBI-4 screens; substance-related and psychiatric diagnoses were extracted from the medical record. Participants:Over an 18-month period, 247 veterans completed the TBI-4. Of the 136 who screened positive, 70 were administered the OSU TBI-ID. Results:On the basis of the TBI-4, 55% (95% CI: 49%–61%) of veterans screened positive for a history of TBI. The OSU TBI-ID was used to confirm screening results. Those who completed the OSU TBI-ID sustained an average of 3.4 lifetime TBIs. For each additional TBI sustained, after initial injury, there was an estimated 9% increase in the number of psychiatric diagnoses documented (99% CI: 1%–17%). For each additional documented psychiatric diagnosis, there was an estimated increase of 11% in the number of injuries sustained (99% CI: 1%–22%). Also, 54% (38/70) had a positive history of TBI prior to adulthood. Conclusion:These results emphasize the need for TBI screening in this vulnerable population, as well as the importance of increasing brain injury awareness among those abusing substances and their care providers. These findings also highlight the need for specialized services for those with TBI and co-occurring substance misuse aimed at decreased future TBIs or negative psychiatric outcomes or both. Further study is needed to clarify best practices.
Physical Therapy Recommendations for Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBIs) are of increasing concern in both the military and civilian populations as the potential long-term effects and costs of such injuries are being further recognized. Injuries from conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq have increased public awareness and concern for TBI. The Proponency Office for Rehabilitation and Reintegration, Office of the Surgeon General, US Army tasked a team of physical and occupational therapists to assemble evidence-informed guidelines for assessment and intervention specific to MTBI. Given the paucity of specific guidelines for physical therapy related to MTBI, we focused on literature that dealt with the specific problem area or complaint of the Service member following MTBI. Recommendations, characterized as practice standards or practice options based on strength of evidence, are provided relative to patient/client education, activity intolerance, vestibular dysfunction, high-level balance dysfunction, posttraumatic headache, temporomandibular disorder, attention and dual-task performance deficits, and participation in exercise. While highlighting the need for additional research, this work can be considered a starting point and impetus for the development of evidence-based practice in physical therapy for our deserving Service members.
The protective effect of tianeptine on Gp120‐induced apoptosis in astroglial cells: role of GS and NOS, and NF‐κB suppression

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tianeptine is an antidepressant affecting the glutamatergic system. In spite of its proven clinical efficacy, molecular effects of tianeptine are not entirely clear. Tianeptine modulates cytokine expression in the CNS and protects the hippocampus from chronic stress effects. HIV infection is associated with inflammation and neuronal loss, causing HIV‐associated dementia (HAD). The human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 glycoprotein gp120 has been proposed as a likely aetiological agent of HAD. In this study, we determined whether tianeptine protects astroglial cells from the neurodegenerative effects of gp120.
Inclusion and its implementation: Youth workers' perspectives on an experimental social–business initiative for ‘at-risk’ youth in Israeli community centres

Abstract This paper presents the perspectives of youth workers on an experimental social-business initiative programme designed to bring about the inclusion of ‘at-risk’ youth in community centres. The programme was implemented in three community centres that are part of a nationwide organization of community centres which provide social–educational–cultural activities for the general population within the community. The uniqueness of the programme lies in its effort to integrate ‘at-risk’ youth into universal and unstigmatized, structured leisure activities. The sample included all the youth counsellors implementing the programme. The paper describes the inclusion of the youth from their selection and recruitment to the programme, through their introduction into the community centres, and during the processes associated with the implementation of the programme. The findings indicate the challenges and difficulties that arise in implementing an inclusive programme, the importance of the counsellors in implementing the programme and the relationship between the youth and the centre's staff members. Finally, operational conclusions are presented and discussed.
Professional Development in TBI for Educators: The Importance of Context

Effective instructional and behavioral support strategies implemented by trained educators can help mitigate the academic and behavioral challenges associated with childhood brain injury. However, the training provided by university teacher preparation programs is clearly inadequate, a problem that cuts across the professions that work with school-aged students. Educators need training in methods validated for students with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and in adapting strategies validated for students with other disabilities. Almost 10 years after Ylvisaker and colleagues proposed a research and professional development agenda in the area of teacher training, students with TBI continue to be underserved and underidentified for educational supports. Effective staff development practices for educators must include training in evidence-based interventions, supervised practice with new skills, and continued mentoring, feedback, and consultation in the school setting. Two models currently in use—the TBI Consulting Team and BrainSTARS models—incorporate those features. Preliminary evidence suggests that these models help teachers feel more prepared and knowledgeable in working with students with TBI. Given the urgent needs of students with TBI, validating these promising practices should be a high priority for the field of pediatric brain injury.
Muscarinic receptor antagonists, from folklore to pharmacology; finding drugs that actually work in asthma and COPD

In the lungs, parasympathetic nerves provide the dominant control of airway smooth muscle with release of acetylcholine onto M3 muscarinic receptors. Treatment of airway disease with anticholinergic drugs that block muscarinic receptors began over 2000 years ago. Pharmacologic data all indicated that antimuscarinic drugs should be highly effective in asthma but clinical results were mixed. Thus, with the discovery of effective β‐adrenergic receptor agonists the use of muscarinic antagonists declined. Lack of effectiveness of muscarinic antagonists is due to a variety of factors including unwanted side effects (ranging from dry mouth to coma) and the discovery of additional muscarinic receptor subtypes in the lungs with sometimes competing effects. Perhaps the most important problem is ineffective dosing due to poorly understood differences between routes of administration and no effective way of testing whether antagonists block receptors stimulated physiologically by acetylcholine. Newer muscarinic receptor antagonists are being developed that address the problems of side effects and receptor selectivity that appear to be quite promising in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.