Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feed Efficiency in Beef Finishing Systems

Introduction Beef producers are in the business of converting feed into animal product as cost efficiently as possible. Feed provision accounts for over 75% of direct costs of beef production. Relative to concentrates or conserved forage diets, grazed grass is generally the cheapest feed source on grass-based farming systems (Finneran et al., 2012). Due to the considerably lower comparative cost of grazed grass as a feedstuff, beef production systems should aim to increase animal output from grazed grass. Nevertheless, primary feed costs on beef farms relate to indoor (winter) feeding periods and particularly, feeding of finishing cattle. For example, within grass-based, suckler calf-to-beef steer systems on research farms, about two-thirds of the feed consumed annually is comprised of grazed grass, with the remainder made up of grass silage (27%) and concentrates (7%). The latter are mainly fed to the finishing cattle. However, when this feed budget is expressed in terms of cost (land charge included), the outcome is very different, in that grazed grass makes up only 44% of total feed cost, whereas grass silage accounts for 39% and concentrates accounts for 17% of total feed costs. This means that even small improvements in feed (cost) efficiency at these times has a relatively large influence on farm profitability. Economic sustainability of beef production systems therefore depends on optimising the contribution of grazed grass to the lifetime intake of feed and on providing silage and concentrate as efficiently and at as low a cost as feasible (Crosson et al., 2014; O’Kiely, 2014).
Stock market consequences of macro economic fundamentals

It is concluded in the study that the Valuation Ratio will be independent from the Equities if equity-elasticity is equal to one. However, Market Capitalization depends on the investment in equities and the market liquidity. The model has been tested in the context of Pakistan and the Monetary and Fiscal policies have been found as the significant determinants of the Market Capitalization.
International Foodservice and Sanitation Management Curricula to Enhance Student Skills

Hospitality students hired by multinational hospitality corporations may need theoretical knowledge, skills, and abilities to be successful in the global business setting. The perceived competencies for an international foodservice management and international sanitation management curriculum are presented. Principal component analysis was used to determine the international competency dimensions in foodservice management, sanitation management, and leadership. Sanitation protocol, international operations, and international leadership were areas of expertise needed to be successful in a global business environment. Regression analysis indicated that sanitation protocol had the most effect on knowledge of sanitation benchmarks, and leadership traits and international operations highly influenced knowledge of foodservice management best practices.
The impact of institutional ownership and corporate debt on audit quality

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of institutional holdings and corporate debts on audit quality, proxied by auditor industry specialization. Design/methodology/approach – The tests use regression analysis for a sample of 396 company-years from 2003 to 2008 and control for factors known to affect auditor industry specialization. Findings – The results show a positive association between institutional ownership and auditor industry specialization. These results are consistent across most measures of auditor industry specialization and different thresholds of audit firm market share. In addition, a positive link is reported between corporate debt and industry specialization by auditors. This result, however, holds under the composite proxy in terms of total assets only. Research limitations/implications – The major limitation is the unavailability of data on audit fees and sales (revenues) to measure auditor market share. Practical implications – Institutional investors and debtho.
Effect of dietary fructose on lipid metabolism, body weight and glucose tolerance in humans

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Increasing body weight together with decreasing physical activity is expected to increase the incidence of several diseases related to lifestyle, such as adult type diabetes and vascular atherosclerotic diseases. It has been postulated that increasing consumption of fructose may be a contributory factor in the development of obesity and the accompanying metabolic abnormalities. Most studies supporting these hypotheses, however, are animal studies, which suggest that consumption of high amounts of fructose may stimulate lipogenesis and thus alter lipid metabolism and increase body weight. This review explores the effects of dietary fructose on lipid metabolism in humans, with the conclusion that the data so far do not support any significant specific adverse effect of fructose apart from its energy content. A small amount of fructose may even improve glucose tolerance, and studies to date on diabetic subjects indic ate that isocaloric replacement of some glucose-based carbohydrates with fructose may improve metabolic control. Keywords: cholesterol; diabetes; fructose; oral glucose tolerance; triglycerides
Strategic Planning: An Overview of Product Portfolio Models

In any type of business it is almost inevitable that some products or services will be more financially attractive to market than others. Ways are introduced in which strategic business units can evaluate the kinds of products and services they are offering. The suggestion is made that it may be in the interests of some units to drop certain kinds of products or services because they are unable to be operated profitably. Other products or services, however, may benefit from investment. Various product portfolio models exist which help in the task of classifying products or services. The various approaches are discussed, and how to develop the GEC‐McKinsey type of model with the aid of a spreadsheet is shown.
A physiological approach to modernize the management of cancer chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity

Purpose of reviewGastrointestinal toxicity during chemotherapy is frequent. Symptomatic therapies for gastrointestinal toxicity, which do not address the underlying cause, may result in inadequate symptom control. With advances in curative treatment regimens, it becomes more important to minimize treatment toxicity which otherwise may compromise optimal chemotherapy and the chance of cure. Recent findingsFor decades, oncologists have concentrated on delineating the pathological processes, which occur within the gastrointestinal tract during chemotherapy treatment. However, pathological change does not in itself cause symptoms. Symptoms only arise when physiological functions are altered. In immunosuppressed patients, it is a priority to exclude infection as a cause for symptoms. In the presence of diarrhoea, the best investigative paradigm for this is stool culture, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with duodenal biopsies and duodenal aspirate combined with flexible sigmoidoscopy and left colonic biopsies. Once infection has been excluded, although large studies have not been performed, case series repeatedly suggest that gastrointestinal symptoms arising during cancer chemotherapy can often be cured if newly acquired, gastrointestinal physiological deficits are identified. SummaryAlthough many physiological changes induced by chemotherapy may be relatively transient and settle weeks or months after the end of treatment, during chemotherapy, their manifestations can be protean and severe. A systematic failure to research the frequency with which physiological causes of the symptoms are amenable to treatment has denied many patients' logical therapies for their chemotherapy-induced symptoms, and as a result, it is likely that symptomatic treatments are frequently suboptimal.
The blog and the bountiful: Exploring the effects of disguised product placement on blogs that are revealed by a third party

This article investigates the effects of a revelation to blog readers that the blog has been sponsored by a company in exchange for favorable reviews of their products. We compare the responses of two groups of blog readers. One group was exposed to a revelation in a tabloid newspaper that the blogger has been sponsored without admitting it. The other group was not exposed to such a revelation. We find that the attitude toward the blog and the credibility of the blog will suffer after the revelation. The attitude toward the sponsoring brand and the purchase intention, however, will not suffer as a result of the revelation. We find that the effects on the blog can be partially explained by parasocial interaction, whereas the effects on the brand can be partially explained by correspondence bias. On the basis of our findings, we provide implications for both bloggers and brand managers.
Serological studies on British leptospiral isolates of the Sejroe serogroup: I. The identification of British isolates of the Sejroe serogroup by the cross agglutinin absorption test

SUMMARY Using the cross agglutinin absorption test 12 British leptospiral isolates of the Sejroe serogroup were identified to serovar level. Six strains isolated from cattle, two from pigs and one from a human were identified as Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. Two isolates from wildlife were identified as Leptospira interrogans serovar saxkoebing. One further strain isolated from wildlife closely resembled serovar saxkoebing, but specific identification was not possible. These are the first reported isolations of serovar saxkoebing in the United Kingdom. The problems associated with the cross agglutinin absorption test, and possible alternative typing procedures are discussed.
Strategia e design del sistema di controllo

The relationship between management control system (MCS) and strategy has been widely discussed in literature but traditional studies on the fit between MCS and strategy assume that MCS must be designed to conform with a previously welldefined strategy. In this paper we adopt the idea that strategy is a continuous process, intertwined with daily business practice, and that strategy and MCS are mutually dependent; both these elements should be considered when designing a MCS. Through the analysis of a case study, we investigate how MCS affects firm’s ability in strategy exploration and firm’s strategy evolution. We claim that MCS design must be periodically revised in order to seek a balance between its ability to support exploration of new strategic directions and its capacity to allow the exploitation of previously defined strategies.
Internationalisation of Higher Education in Southern Africa with South Africa as a Major Exporter

Through the analysis of trends in South Africa’s higher education enrollment of Southern African Development Community (SADC) citizens over the years, the study investigates the extent to which the country has strategically marketed its educational services and positioned itself as the educational hub of Southern Africa. The analysis reveals that South African universities’ export of higher education services has been modeled in line with three of the four modes of supply identified in World Trade Organization’s (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The three modes that the country has utilized are: (i) cross-border supply, (ii) consumption abroad, and (iii) commercial presence, and as a result of that, it has become the educational hub of southern Africa. The study found out that South Africa can act as the educational hub of Southern Africa. It has been found out that it is competent in most education attraction factors. It has the highest number of public universities in Southern Africa. South Africa universities dominated the top ten highly rated Universities in Africa. In terms of factors that lead to internalisation of higher education South Africa Universities offers international recognized academic qualifications. South Africa in general is highly rated in terms of local availability of research and training institutions, quality of scientific research institutions quality of overall infrastructure and institutions. The study further provides some policy suggestions as to how best South Africa and SADC countries can improve their respective higher education laws, regulations and strategies in order to attract more foreign students into their respective universities. Some of the possible regulations to enhance enrolment of regional citizens in the universities of member states includes: (i) allowing students on study permit to also work in the country of study whilst studying without having to get a separate work permit, (ii) harmonizing recognition of educational qualifications across the region thus making it easier for potential students from one regional country to apply and be accepted at a university in another country, and (iii) introduction (or increasing) of flexibility in studies for instance, through block release where students come for a limited period for face-to-face tuition whilst distance and online learning constitute a larger proportion of the qualification tuition.
Event-driven Security-Constrained Unit Commitment

Power system operators commonly rely on a security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) to schedule available generation resources for satisfying the forecasted load and ensuring system security in response to limited components unavailability. Although widely used and proved viable, the SCUC problem cannot guarantee a useful solution in response to extreme events with potentially multiple outages. This paper proposes and formulates an Event-driven SCUC (E-SCUC) model which ensures a resilient supply of loads in case of multiple component outages. The new N-1-m reliability criterion, in which m is the number of components on outage due to the extreme event, is proposed and integrated with the model. A probabilistic estimation model of possible component outages is further investigated. The E-SCUC problem is formulated using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Merits and effectiveness of the proposed models are demonstrated using the standard IEEE 30-bus system. Comparing the results of the E-SCUC with the SCUC demonstrates the resiliency benefits of the proposed model as it ensures a considerably lower load curtailment at the expense of nominal cost increase.
The Distribution of Gene Frequencies in Populations.

The effects of the various evolutionary factors-mutation, cross breeding,. selection and inbreeding-can be reduced to common terms by considering the rates of change which they tend to bring about in the relative frequencies of alleles. ' In the absence of such factors, there is constancy of gene frequencies from the symmetry of the Mendelian mechanism. The frequency (q) of a given gene changes at the rate Aq = uq per generation under recurrent mutation of the gene to alleles at the rate u. Mutation in the opposite direction at the average rate v per generation changes the gene frequency at the rate, Aq = v(l q). If a certain gene has the frequency q in a local population but q1 in the species as a whole, exchange of the proportion m of the local population with an equal number of random individuals from the whole species leads to change of gene frequencies in the former at the rate Aq = -m(q q,). Cross breeding is, however, most likely to be with neighboring populations which differ but little in value of q. In this case the coefficient m is only a small fraction of the actual amount of exchange. There may be other complications such as selective immigration or emigration, but the above simple form will suffice here to illustrate cross breeding or migration pressure. The simplest kind of selection is that in which the heterozygote is exactly half way between the two homozygotes in the extent per individual to which it contributes to the next generation. The selective value of zygotes (relative to a certain standard) will be designated w and the mean value for a population, w.
Large-Scale Comparative Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms Driving Plastomic Compaction, Reduction, and Inversions in Conifers II (Cupressophytes)

Conifers II (cupressophytes), comprising about 400 tree species in five families, are the most diverse group of living gymnosperms. Their plastid genomes (plastomes) are highly variable in size and organization, but such variation has never been systematically studied. In this study, we assessed the potential mechanisms underlying the evolution of cupressophyte plastomes. We analyzed the plastomes of 24 representative genera in all of the five cupressophyte families, focusing on their variation in size, noncoding DNA content, and nucleotide substitution rates. Using a tree-based method, we further inferred the ancestral plastomic organizations of internal nodes and evaluated the inversions across the evolutionary history of cupressophytes. Our data showed that variation in plastome size is statistically associated with the dynamics of noncoding DNA content, which results in different degrees of plastomic compactness among the cupressophyte families. The degrees of plastomic inversions also vary among the families, with the number of inversions per genus ranging from 0 in Araucariaceae to 1.27 in Cupressaceae. In addition, we demonstrated that synonymous substitution rates are significantly correlated with plastome size as well as degree of inversions. These data suggest that in cupressophytes, mutation rates play a critical role in driving the evolution of plastomic size while plastomic inversions evolve in a neutral manner.
Measurement and Prediction of Progress in Delayed Wound Healing

Thirty chronic leg ulcers have been studied under controlled conditions until complete healing occurred. Measurement was performed weekly using a computer-linked stereocamera which is capable of measuring skin defects noninvasively with errors of less than 2%. There was a significant difference in healing rate for the first two weeks between clean ulcers entering the trial directly and ulcers admitted first for cleansing before joining the trial. The difference suggests that the weekly healing rate of an ulcer may take up to 2 weeks to respond to a new form of treatment. Absolute ulcer size, change in ulcer size and rate of epithelial migration did not correlate well with time to complete healing, but percentage change in area in the third week was found to be the parameter which gave the earliest close correlation with time to complete healing. Using this parameter, on the data available it was found that time to complete healing could be predicted to within one week for 50% of the ulcers, making this a simple and useful early predictor of treatment efficiency.
Spiroplasmas : Evolution and Adaptation 620 progress in two Spiroplasma sp

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Spiroplasma taxonomy 3.1. General characteristics of Spiroplasmas 3.2. Taxonomy requirements for classification of Spiroplasmas 3.2. 1. Required biological, molecular and serological characterization 3.2. 2. Group designation 3.2. 3. Subgroup designation 3.3. Some problems with serologically-based taxonomy 3.4. Use of 16S rDNA sequence analysis in Spiroplasma taxonomy 3.5. Polyphasic classification in Spiroplasma taxonomy 3.6. Current classification of Spiroplasmas 4. Diversity 4.1. Host range 4.2. General diversity 5. Evolution 5.1. Evolution of Spiroplasmas in relation to other major groups of Eubacteria 5.1. 1. Clostridium lineage 5.1. 2. Mollicute lineage 5.2. Spiroplasma phylogeny 5.2. 1. Major spiroplasma clade descriptions: Spiroplasma citri cluster 5.2. 2. Major spiroplasma clade descriptions: Spiroplasma apis cluster 5.2. 3. Major spiroplasma clade descriptions: Mycoplasma mycoides cluster 5.2. 4. Major spiroplasma clade descriptions: Spiroplasma ixodetis cluster 5.2. 5. Problems with 16S rDNA sequence analysis for Spiroplasma phylogenetic determinations 5.2. 6. Problem with Mycoplasma mycoides cluster 5.3. Spiroplasma genome sequencing projects 5.3.1. Spiroplasma citri project 5.3.2. Spiroplasma kunkelii project 6. Adaptation 6.1. Host cell specificity 6.1. 1. Strict specificity 6.1. 2. General specificity 6.1. 3. Host cell attachment 6.2. Host interactions: pathogenicity 6.2. 1. Insect host diseases 6.2. 2. Insect vectored plant diseases 6.2. 3. Unusual sex-ratio disorders 6.2. 4. Spiroplasmas infections of animals 6.2. 5. Spiroplasmas and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie 6.3. Host interactions: commensalistic relationships 6.4. Host interactions: mutualistic relationships 7. Perspective 8. Acknowledgements 9. References
"Shopping With Consumers" As A Research Method - Design And Results Of A Shopping Behavior Study

The method “Shopping with Consumers" (SWC), which consists of interviewing and accompanying the consumer in the retail setting, is examined as processoriented research approach to assess shopper behavior at the point of purchase (POP), i.e. in the store. Based on field studies, we introduce a standardized SWC-method, a modification of the original method, and present selected results with respect to issues of selectivity (participants versus non-participants) and reactivity of the research procedure. We assess the applicability of SWC to collect data on in-store decisions concerning realization and failure (revising, postponing, dismissal) of purchase plans and the occurrence of unplanned purchases.
Market Orientation and Enterprise Policy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the merit of enterprise policies that seek to enhance market orientation as a driver of firm performance.Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of empirical research utilising the MKTOR survey instrument, administered to senior marketing managers in high‐value‐added sectors in Ireland; and both subjective and lagged objective measures of firm performance.Findings – Findings support international context‐specific research. Market orientation is not found to be directly associated with firm performance in high‐value‐added firms in the Irish economy.Research limitations/implications – Research directions should include the evolving understanding of market orientation, and the exploration of what alternative orientations lead to improved performance in different contexts.Practical implications – For public policy, a re‐examination of the conceptualisation of, and support for, market orientation is warranted.Originality/value – The paper pres.
Helical CT of the liver: value of an early hepatic arterial phase.

PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate a dual-phase helical acquisition in computed tomography (CT) of the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two helical CT acquisitions were performed in 103 patients: hepatic arterial phase (HAP) 15 seconds after injection of 2 mL/kg contrast material at a rate of 6 mL/sec and the portal venous phase (PVP) 90 seconds after injection. Detection of focal liver lesions, vascular anatomic features, and perfusion abnormalities were assessed by two reviewers. Liver enhancement was also calculated on every section. RESULTS Of 119 detected focal liver lesions, nine were seen during HAP only and 40 during PVP only. According to a 0-3 score, visualization of the arterial anatomic landmarks was better during HAP (P < .0001). Five right replaced and two left replaced hepatic arteries were visualized only during HAP. Parenchymal perfusion abnormalities were found in 32 patients during HAP and in four patients during PVP. CONCLUSION A dual-phase acquisition depicted 8% additional focal liver lesions and outlined the entire vasculature of the liver.