Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Onderwijs mogelijk maken: Twee eeuwen invloed van studiefinanciering op de toegankelijkheid van het onderwijs in Nederland (1815-2015)

Dit onderzoek bestudeert studiefinanciering die door het Rijk is toegekend aan studenten tussen 1815 en 2015. Hebben beurzen onderwijskansen voor jongeren uit verschillende sociale statusgroepen hebben vergroot? Aan studiebeurzen lagen in deze periode verschillende doelstellingen ten grondslag. Onderwijs mogelijk maken voor jongeren uit lagere statusgroepen was daarbij lange tijd geen beleidsdoelstelling. Universiteiten gebruikten het vroege beurzenstelsel voor 1850 zelfs om neerwaartse mobiliteit van verarmde leden van de elite te voorkomen. In 1919 formuleerde de wetgever toegankelijkheid voor het eerst als doel. Beurzen werden in de jaren die volgden inderdaad het meeste toegekend aan studenten uit lagere inkomensgroepen. Daartoe gedwongen door de crisis van de jaren dertig bleef het stelsel echter klein. Sterker nog: het stelsel van beurzen werd omgezet in voorschotten. Na 1945 groeide het stelsel in omvang en invloed. Dat droeg mede bij aan de explosieve toename van de onderwijsdeelname, met name ook door jongeren uit sociale middenklassen. Er ontstond debat over de rol van beurzen. Moest er niet een studieloon komen voor alle studenten, dat hen onafhankelijk zou maken van hun ouders? Een studieloon kwam er nooit, maar de motivatie van ouderonafhankelijkheid is nog terug te vinden in de basisbeurs, die in 1986 als onderdeel van de Wet op de Studiefinanciering het licht zag. Het vervangen van de basisbeurs door studievoorschotten, past in de tendens waarbij studiekosten minder door de staat en meer door studenten gedragen worden. Studiefinanciering heeft met na de na de beleidsbijstelling van 1919 en de groei vanaf de jaren vijftig een belangrijke bijdrage geleverd aan de toegankelijkheid van het onderwijs en sociale mobiliteit.
Robust Power Loading for the TDD MISO Downlink with Outage Constraints

We consider the problem of power allocation for the single-cell multiple-input singleoutput (MISO) downlink in a time division duplex (TDD) system. In such systems, the base station (BS) acquires information about the channel state during the training component of the uplink phase. The resulting estimation errors are modeled probabilistically, and the receivers specify quality-of-service (QoS) constraints in terms of a target signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio that is to be achieved with a given outage probability. For a fixed beamforming structure, we seek a power allocation that minimizes the transmission power required to satisfy the users’ QoS requests. The proposed approach to that problem begins with the observation that for TDD systems the channel estimation error at the base station can be modeled as being additive and Gaussian. Under that model, we obtain a precise deterministic characterization of the outage probability, and mildly conservative approximations thereof. Although the resulting deterministic optimization problems are not convex, we have been able to obtain good solutions using straightforward coordinate update algorithms. In fact, these solutions provide significantly better performance than the existing approaches, which are based on convex restrictions, because the proposed approximations are less conservative. By developing some approximations of the precise deterministic characterization of the outage probability, we develop algorithms
The need for a new model of the physician–patient relationship: a challenge for modern medical practice

A revolution in the field of medicine, enhancing knowledge and techniques, has been affecting, for the last fifty years, all aspects of healthcare, bioethics and finance. It is in this new context that we should relocate the physician–patient relationship and identify the different form that it is currently taking. The aim of this review paper is to evaluate the different models of the physician– –patient relationship, described in medical literature, and to emphasize the need for an innovative interaction that fits the new dimensions of modern medical practice. During the last decade, the debate has grown around the opposition between several patterns of the physician–patient relationship. The model of mutual participation of Szasz and Hollender (involving a relationship set between equals and built on helpfulness) and the deliberative model of Emanuel and Emanuel (encouraging the patient’s independence in decisionmaking, which occurs after the physician’s helpful advice) were considered appropriate models of the physician–patient relationship, with several limitations. In modern medicine, patients have an increasing number of needs that have to be satisfied: personal and familial, psychological and social, material and spiritual. The physician is rarely adequately prepared for the new needs and the new dimensions of the current physician–patient interaction.
Analysis and investigation of a novel microwave sensor with high Q-factor for liquid characterization

In this paper, a new design of microwave sensor with high Q-factor for liquid characterization is analyzed and investigated. The new microwave sensor is based on a gap waveguide cavity resonator (GWCR). The GWCR consists of upper plate, lower plate and array of pins on the lower plate. The liquid under test (LUT) is characterized by placing it inside the GWCR where the electric field concentrates using a quartz capillary that is passing through microfluidic channels. The results show that the proposed sensor has a high Q-factor of 4832. Moreover, the proposed sensor has the ability to characterize different types of liquids such as oils, ethanol, methanol and distilled water. The polynomial fitting method is used to extract the equation of the unknown permittivity of the LUT. The results show that the evaluated permittivity using the proposed sensor has a good agreement with the reference permittivity. Therefore, the proposed sensor is a good candidate for food and pharmaceutical applications.
4D Quantitative Coronary Artery Motion Analysis: A Novel Method for Culprit Lesion Prediction

This study aims to determine if measuring four-dimensional quantitative coronary artery motion (QCAM) and change in tortuosity (∆T) on invasive biplane coronary angiogram is predictive of the location of culprit lesions responsible for myocardial infarctions. Invasive coronary angiograms have no current clinical application for the prediction of future coronary events. Previous studies have shown promise in demonstrating the effects of coronary artery motion on plaque formation and location, but this has yet to fully translate into a directed diagnostic method. QCAM and ΔT were calculated with CAAS QCA4D prototype software (Pie Medical Imaging, the Netherlands) for sections of the culprit coronary artery using biplane coronary angiograms of fourteen patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction. Prediction of the artery section containing the culprit lesion was performed using one sample t-testing, generalised linear latent and mixed statistical modelling with grouping by patient, and logistic regression modelling. QCAM was a significant predictor of the location of culprit lesions (p = 0.047). ΔT was not a significant predictor of the location of culprit lesions (p=0.49). QCAM has a role in predicting the location of culprit lesions, and may allow for targeted local therapy to prevent future events.
Integration of Digital Video into Distributed Hypermedia Systems

This thesis discusses digital video and its integration into hypermedia systems. It shows some algorithms and formats to compress and store digital video, focusing on the MPEG standard. General topics on hypertext and hypermedia systems are discussed as well as their problems and drawbacks, and ways to overcome them. As a special example the architecture and features of Hyper-G and its Unix/X11 client Harmony are described. Finally, the features and implementation of the Harmony Film Player are described. It fully integrates MPEG movies into the hyperlink structure of Hyper-G/Harmony by allowing links from and to movie documents. Any part, both temporal and spatial, can be used either as source or destination anchor of a hyperlink.
Mechanoresponsive self-growing hydrogels inspired by muscle training

Working harder, getting stronger Self-healing polymers attempt to restore mechanical strength after deformation. Polymer gels tend to be too soft for this to occur. Matsuda et al. generated self-healing hydrogels composed of a double-network material (see the Perspective by Craig). A mechanical stress breaks the more brittle of the two networks, while the other retains stability. On breakage, the fractured chains create radical initiators that polymerize new network material. With repeated network breakage and a supply of monomers, the gel gets stronger. Science, this issue p. 504; see also p. 451 Double-network hydrogels heal and strengthen in response to repetitive mechanical stress. Living tissues, such as muscle, autonomously grow and remodel themselves to adapt to their surrounding mechanical environment through metabolic processes. By contrast, typical synthetic materials cannot grow and reconstruct their structures once formed. We propose a strategy for developing “self-growing” polymeric materials that respond to repetitive mechanical stress through an effective mechanochemical transduction. Robust double-network hydrogels provided with a sustained monomer supply undergo self-growth, and the materials are substantially strengthened under repetitive loading through a structural destruction-reconstruction process. This strategy also endows the hydrogels with tailored functions at desired positions by mechanical stamping. This work may pave the way for the development of self-growing gel materials for applications such as soft robots and intelligent devices.
Effects of Lighting on the Welfare of Domestic Poultry: A Review

Four aspects of lighting which may influence the behaviour and physiology of housed poultry are light intensity, photoperiod, light source and wavelength. These factors are frequently manipulated in an attempt to improve productivity and to facilitate management practices. This review examines the effects of such manipulation upon the welfare of the birds. The majority of papers on lighting in poultry houses deal with their effects upon performance, rather than on factors associated with behaviour and health which may impinge upon welfare. Data about the preferences of birds for different lighting conditions are almost entirely lacking, but the practice of housing birds in relatively low light intensity is considered likely to lead to sensory deprivation in species where vision is important. Tentative recommendations are given pending the results of future research as to appropriate light intensity, photoperiod and light sources for domestic poultry.
Deep GeMS/GSAOI near-infrared observations of N159W in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Aims. The formation and properties of star clusters at the edge of H II regions are poorly known, partly due to limitations in angular resolution and sensitivity, which become particularly critical when dealing with extragalactic clusters. In this paper we study the stellar content and star-formation processes in the young N159W region in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Methods. We investigate the star-forming sites in N159W at unprecedented spatial resolution using JHK(s)-band images obtained with the GeMS/GSAOI instrument on the Gemini South telescope. The typical angular resolution of the images is similar to 100 mas, with a limiting magnitude of H similar to 22 mag (90% completeness). Photometry from our images is used to identify candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) in N159W. We also determine the H-band luminosity function of the star cluster at the centre of the H II region and use this to estimate its initial mass function (IMF). Results. We estimate an age of 2 +/- 1 Myr for the central cluster, with its IMF described by a power-law with an index of Gamma = -1.05 +/- 0.2, and with a total estimated mass of similar to 1300 M-circle dot. We also identify 104 candidate YSOs, which are concentrated in clumps and subclusters of stars, principally at the edges of the H II region. These clusters display signs of recent and active star-formation such as ultra-compact H II regions, and molecular outflows. This suggests that the YSOs are typically younger than the central cluster, pointing to sequential star-formation in N159W, which has probably been influenced by interactions with the expanding H II bubble.
Venous Thromboembolism Following Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Incidence Study

Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Jeju National University Hospital. The inclusion criteria were: 1) aged ≥18 years, 2) admission within seven days of symptom onset, and 3) an initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score >1 for the affected lower limb. Ultrasound scans of the lower limbs and plasma D-dimer assays were performed on days 7-14 and 15-28 after stroke onset.
The Relationship between Airway Resistance and Pulmonary Volumes in Active Phase of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), as an autoimmune disorder, is associated with chronic relapsing inflammation of intestine. UC and CD are associated with gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms, which may vary in severity of clinical presentation. This study was designed to evaluate airway resistance and pulmonary volumes and capacities in the active phase of UC and CD. Materials and Methods: Patients who had IBD and referred to Shahid Modarres Hospital from February 2016 to December 2017 were assessed for enrollment in our study. Diagnosis of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis was confirmed by colonoscopic and pathological evaluations. Pulmonary respiratory parameters including first second of forced expiration (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25-75%), and airway resistance were measured by plethysmography in the first days of admission in patients with stable IBD and also immediately after an initial stabilization of the vital signs in patients with unstable IBD. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (v.21. IBM Inc. IL). P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Of 75 patients with IBD, 65 had UC and 10 had CD. The mean ages of the patients with UC and CD were 37.81 ± 13.31 and 34.20 ± 8.53 years, respectively. Of all the participants, approximately 54.7% and 45.3% of the patients were male and female, respectively. The duration of disease for patients with UC and CD was 43.09 ± 45.86 and 44.40 ± 15.45 months, respectively. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis, there were significant associations between FEV1, TLC, and FEF25-75% with the duration of UC and also between FEV1, RV, and airway resistance with the duration of CD. In patients with CD but not in the patients with UC, there were statistical relationships between FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, RV, RV/TLC, FEF25-75% and increased airway resistance with severity and activation of IBD. Conclusion: According to our findings, pulmonary involvements were found often in patients with IBD with and without the presence of clinical pulmonary symptoms. The duration and also activation and severity of IBD can be associated with increased risk for pulmonary involvements.
A 1.8 V 330 µW Tunable Waveform Generator for Sensor and Instrumentation Applications

In this paper a tunable waveform generator (WFG) architecture is presented. This architecture provides wide frequency tuning range and consumes less power, which makes it useful for low frequency instrumentation applications. The proposed WFG is designed in UMC 180-nm CMOS process technology with a single supply voltage of 1.8 V. Though the architecture utilizes conventional OTA based Schmitt trigger and gm-C integrator, it provides independent control over amplitude and frequency tuning. The amplitude tuning is also symmetric around the mid-rail voltage. The proposed scheme achieves peak to peak amplitude tuning of 0.35 V to 1.17 V and frequency tuning from 6.3 kHz to 2.7 MHz.
Appropriation of Hindustani Musical Elements in Vocal Parts of Malay Ghazal

Abstract The main task of this paper is to illustrate how Hindustani musical elements are employed in the vocal lines of Malay ghazal which have been obscured or modified and "Malayized" throughout the past decades. In current Malay ghazal practices known in Johor, a particular singing style called "Parsi" that primarily focused on a specific embellishment of the melodic line could be observed. Another particular element is called "sarigama-singing" (Arshad, 2013; Rahman B., 2012) that refers to melodic ornaments resembling the gamak and taan in Hindustani classical music. The adaptation and its outcome that have been documented in some selected ghazals confirm the existence of a discerning tolerance towards elements detached from their originating cultural environment. This paper discusses stereotypical melodic elements sung by Malay musicians in Malay ghazal. Although various raga elements can be detected in the vocal melodies, these elements are not acknowledged and are not terminologically familiar to Malay ghazal musicians. The detected ragas maintain one tonic, which means that the main fifth (Sa-Pa) applies as a frame for an entire given melody. The range in which Malay ghazal is sung does not exceed one octave. Nonetheless, the actual starting pitch is somewhat fixed through the fact that early harmoniums could not shift in pitch. Therefore, Malay ghazals are mainly played for a high pitched male or a lower pitched female voice. Male singers performing ghazal may have obtained singing skills from the model of qawwali singers. There is no evidence for it in the reviewed literature. However, the knowledge about these special features that can also be observed in Hindustani ghazal is transmitted orally from one musician to the next (Norihan, 2012-2014). Main methods applied in this study are long term participant observation in the origination and in the host culture of ghazal practices, multi-perspective analysis of musical structures and terminology.
Soft robot perception using embedded soft sensors and recurrent neural networks

Recurrent neural networks with an unstructured redundant soft sensor topology allow robust multimodal proprioceptive capabilities. Recent work has begun to explore the design of biologically inspired soft robots composed of soft, stretchable materials for applications including the handling of delicate materials and safe interaction with humans. However, the solid-state sensors traditionally used in robotics are unable to capture the high-dimensional deformations of soft systems. Embedded soft resistive sensors have the potential to address this challenge. However, both the soft sensors—and the encasing dynamical system—often exhibit nonlinear time-variant behavior, which makes them difficult to model. In addition, the problems of sensor design, placement, and fabrication require a great deal of human input and previous knowledge. Drawing inspiration from the human perceptive system, we created a synthetic analog. Our synthetic system builds models using a redundant and unstructured sensor topology embedded in a soft actuator, a vision-based motion capture system for ground truth, and a general machine learning approach. This allows us to model an unknown soft actuated system. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to model the kinematics of a soft continuum actuator in real time while being robust to sensor nonlinearities and drift. In addition, we show how the same system can estimate the applied forces while interacting with external objects. The role of action in perception is also presented. This approach enables the development of force and deformation models for soft robotic systems, which can be useful for a variety of applications, including human-robot interaction, soft orthotics, and wearable robotics.
Population dynamics of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the region of Edremit Gulf in West Anatolia (Mount Ida)

This study reports seasonal presence of Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Southeast Turkey, in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Samples were collected from crops in agricultural areas at altitudes of 10 m, 800 m and 1400 m from stands of wild herbaceous plants , and at 1750 m from stone debris fields. First C. septempunctata adults were collected at the beginning of June at Tentcamp (800 m) and Tozlu (1400 m), early in July at Sarikiz (1700 m) when the mean air temperature reached 30Â°C. Adults became active in spring, after aestivating around Sarikiz and overwintering there under snow. First adults emerged on 2nd April in 2009 around Edremit Gulf when mean air temperature reached 14. 8Â°C. Adult and immature stages of C. septempunctata were recorded attacking aphid populations till the end of June. C. septempunctata was present there for only one period each year during which they completed one generation. Adult individuals of this generation returned to Mount Ida to aestivate. Maximum numbers of adults present on Mount Ida in the first week of August in 2009 and 2010 were recorded. C. septempunctata adults aestivate and overwinter at Sarikiz on Mount Ida after completing their development on aphids in April, May and June around Edremit Gulf.
Heavy metal transport genes and bioinformatics analysis of at. ferrooxidans

This paper analyzes the resistance mechanism of At. Ferrooxidans to heavy metal ions, and compares the tolerance of different strains to Cu2+ and the expression of At. Ferrooxidans strains under different concentrations of Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+. The results show that: the three selected At. Ferrooxidans strains, DY1, DY2 and DY3, differ in terms of Cu2+ toleration and S and Fe2+ oxidizing abilities. The maximum tolerable Cu2+ concentrations of DY1, DY2 and DY3 are 0.41mol/L, 0.20mol/L and 0.04mol/L, respectively. DY1 has the strongest oxidizing ability to S element, but the weakest oxidizing ability to Fe2+ ions among the three strains; DY3 has the strongest oxidizing ability to Fe2+ ions. There are differences in the adaptability of different strains to the leaching system. The copper resistance gene of the strains are stimulated to a certain degree by the Cu2+ in the culture solutions. the Cu2+ resistance of the strains is proportional to the resistance gene of the strain itself. The stronger the resistance of the strain to Cu2+, the more unlikely for the relevant resistance gene to be expressed in large quantities at low Cu2+ concentration in the culture solution. The maximum tolerated concentrations of Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ are 0.38 mol/L, 0.18 mol/L and 0.08 mol/L for the selected At. Ferrooxidans strains. The three heavy metal elements on the strains are ranked as Mn2+ <Zn2+ <Cd2+ by toxic effect in descending order. The relative expression of the four genes of the strains is proportional to the concentration of heavy metal elements. The proteins encoded in the four genes are involved in the transport of heavy metals.