Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chapter 24 A SERVICE ORIENTED APPROACH TO INTERORGANISATIONAL COOPERATION

Many E-business applications are based on increased cooperation between various organisational units and partners. System support for such applications can be provided using concepts from the area of service oriented computing – thus lifting inter-organisational integration to a higher level of effectiveness and efficiency. E-services provide means for modularisation of arbitrary organizational assets into components that can be dynamically offered, discovered, negotiated, accessed, and composed in an open application environment. Technically, E-services are software systems that are implemented on top of conventional information and communication technology. As an important step into that direction, Web Services have laid the foundation for interoperable communication between arbitrary systems. This paper introduces an approach to plan, build, and run such applicationlevel services efficiently. Therefore, a fundamental notion of service, originating from distributed systems, is being extended by a specific concept of cooperative interaction processes. Accordingly, an application-level service model and corresponding service engineering mechanisms are proposed and realised as system software middleware based on OGSA Web Services and
Urban Mining: A Process Designed to Recover Au from E-waste

Electronic waste (e-waste) is today the fastest growing solid waste in the world, due to its unique characteristics like planned obsolescence, high technology and a fast growing consumer market. It can contain over 100 highly toxic and potentially hazardous substances to human health and to the environment. However, e-waste is a valuable secondary source of high quality finite raw minerals suitable for “urban mining” in which the materials contained should not be lost. The recovery materials from e-waste, also called Reverse Logistics (RL), which includes the insertion and application of sustainable Design, is an environmental and commercial measure of great importance that can only bring benefits to all involved. Unconventional pre-treatments techniques to separate gold-rich components and other parts of e-waste from motherboards, Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) and cell phone plates has not been extensively explored in literature. The aim of this paper is to describe a set of thermo-mechanical and manual techniques in pilot scale to separate gold-rich parts from the others of the e-waste mentioned above. Another goal of this research is to obtain the total mass of gold deposited on the three samples of selected connector tabs from PCBs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique was performed and the results were analyzed. With this procedure, the total gold mass could be evaluated.
Perceived Brand parity : critiques on Muncy ' s scale

Today, markets became ultra-competitive markets so that researchers shown that consumers are seeing products as similar to each others. In the marketing literature, this situation is called brand parity that it is very important to investigate but unfortunately, very little research has been done in this area. It is true that Muncy's scale of Perceived Brand Parity is only parity scale in the field of marketing but certainly is not the most perfect scale therefore in the paper; the researchers intend to criticize Muncy's scale based on issues marketing and methodology so thereby demonstrate to need for developing a more complete scale
A Comparative Analysis Between the Mouse , Trackpad and the Leap Motion

INTRODUCTION When it comes to interacting with a cursor on a computer interface there are various input devices that can accomplish the task at hand. However, not all devices offer the same level of speed, precision or comfort. This study’s primary goal is to identify which input device is best for human performance in terms of speed and precision. Specifically, this in-depth examination will compare the mouse, the trackpad, and the Leap Motion, looking at the average completion time for target acquisition as well as the average number of errors made when doing this task.
Synergistic anti-tumor effects of Danshen injections in combination with chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy via alleviating tumor stroma fibrosis state

Cancer-associated hypercoagulation is a negative factor for anticancer treatment. Anticoagulant therapy might reverse treatment bottleneck. The efficacy of Danshen injections, in combination with chemotherapy and antiVEGF targeted therapy, was evaluated based on previously established colon carcinoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Immunohistochemistry and pharmacological experiments were conducted to explore the mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of Danshen. Finally, Danshen injections showed significant synergistic effects, in combination with FP3 and eloxatin. According to immunofluorescence and Immunohistochemistry, markers of fibrosis in tumor stroma (such as, TGF-β, PDGF-β, TIMP1, MMP-2 and TNC) were suppressed. In conclusion, Danshen injections showed significant efficacy, in combination with chemotherapy and anti-VEGF therapy, for treatment of metastatic colon carcinoma. Possible mechanisms of improving drug distribution are the alleviation of the tumor stroma fibrosis state.
REAL-TIME OPTIMIZATION OF A SUPPLIER AND CARRIER SELECTION PROBLEM – AN AGENT-BASED SIMULATION

Supplier/carrier selection is a critical issue faced by many companies in today’s competitive business environment. In this paper, we apply an agent-based simulation approach combined with an auction mechanism to address a supplier/carrier selection problem. We set the initial condition of the simulation model as the optimal solution given by an optimization model and incorporate any dynamic changes occurring in the actual execution. By introducing three parameters in the design of the auction mechanism, the agent-based simulation model can find a solution in real time, while the optimization model may take up to 32 hours to solve an industrial-sized problem.
EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR ON ABNORMAL ACCRUALS IN LISTED COMPANIES IN STOCK EXCHANGE FROM 2009 THROUGH 2012

The purpose of this paper examine the impact of accruals audit quality independent variables in the study area. accruals from one side to allow managers to calculate accruals so that indicates the actual value of the enterprise is and on the other hand these items are available to managers accepted accounting principles and methods of flexibility to exploit and distorts the information content of accruals stakeholders outside companies as creditors and investors cannot be directly the opportunistic behavior of mangers to control. Therefore precise handling and high quality auditors can accruals managers reduce accruals limit other studies have also shown that this issue is survey results have shown the positive correlation between the size cpa firm and abnormal accruals and the t-statistic equal to 2.24 and 0.0009 has also achieved a significant level the competition between audit firms and abnormal accruals in tstatistic equal the -2.91 and (0.03603) there is a significant level obtained non-audit services by the audit firm and abnormal accruals in t-statistic 4.48 and (0.06259) there is not a significant level division of labor between the audit firm and the t-statistic abnormal accruals in 3.007 and (0.09941) there was not a significant level. The monitoring andaudit firm abnormal accruals in the t-statistic 3.71 and (0.04769) there was a significant level international auditing and consulting firm abnormal accruals in the t-statistic 4.23 and (0.02162) there was a significant level the monitoring and audit firm abnormal accrual in the tstatistic 2.39 and (0.04944) there was a significant level the main objective of this research is setting between certain characteristics of the independent audit detection of the abnormal accruals and the main hypothesis of the study that suggests among the features of the independent audit and detect abnormal accruals and there is a significant positive certain the statistic society of the study was to examine the Tehran stock exchange listed companies in various and industries and groups the purpose of this research is based on the type of application and the based on the method of investigation is descriptive and correlational branches. In this study to measure correlation between variables in multivariate regression and fisher test showing for the significance of the models and t statistic used for significance of regression coefficients.
Implementation of a High-Power-Factor Hybrid Three-Phase Unidirectional Rectifier

-This paper describes the conception and analysis of a unidirectional hybrid three-phase rectifier suitable for medium-and high-power applications. The rectifier is composed of a single-switch diode bridge boost-type rectifier in parallel with a pulse width modulation (PWM) three-phase unidirectional boost rectifier. The objective is to obtain a structure capable of providing sinusoidal input currents with low harmonic distortion and dc output voltage regulation. The diode rectifier operates at low frequency and has a higher output power rating. Therefore, the PWM unidirectional rectifier is designed to operate with a small power rating and at a high switching frequency. The total harmonics distortion of the proposed structure varies between 0% and 32%, depending only on the amount of power processed by the PWM three-phase unidirectional rectifier. The rectifier topology conception, principle of operation, control scheme, and simulation and experimental results of a 20-kW laboratory prototype are also presented in this paper. Index Terms — High-power application, hybrid rectifier, power factor improvement, pulse width modulation (PWM) unidirectional
CUDT: 以 CUDA 為基礎之決策樹演算法 CUDT: A CUDA Based Decision Tree Algorithm

Classification is an important issue both in Machine Learning and Data Mining. Decision tree is one of the famous classification models. In the reality case, the dimension of data is high and the data size is huge. Building a decision in large data base cost much time in computation. It is a computationally expensive problem. GPU is a special design processor of graphic. The highly parallel features of graphic processing made today’s GPU architecture. GPGPU means use GPU to solve non-graphic problems which need amounts of computation power. Since the high performance and capacity/price ratio, many researches use GPU to process lots computation. Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is a GPGPU solution provided by NVIDIA. This paper provides a new parallel decision tree algorithm base on CUDA. The algorithm parallel computes building phase of decision tree. In our system, CPU is responsible for flow control and GPU is responsible for computation. We compare our system to the Weka-j48 algorithm. The result shows out system is 6~5x times faster than Weka-j48. Compare with SPRINT on large data set, our CUDT has about 18 times speedup. 關鍵詞:GPGPU、CUDA、Decision Tree、Classification
The Switching Circuits Of Biology

Teaching biology to undergraduate engineering students can be a daunting task. There are a range of concepts to learn that do not seem to have any relationship to engineering. But there is a mapping between engineering and biology that is applicable for engineering students to study. By using biological data in switching circuits, engineering students can relate biology to familiar concepts. Specifically within switching circuit concepts, engineering students seem to enjoy creating state transition diagrams, mainly because they are easy to construct! Also, from state transition diagrams, state transition Tables can be created, and vice versa. By using biology as the data for switching circuits, engineering students can grasp the concepts of biology quicker because they use a tool that they enjoy. For example, given the well-known Table of the genetic code mapping of codons to amino acids, an engineering student may apply his or her knowledge of switching circuits to it. Perhaps an engineering student would create a state diagram for this mapping. In another application, an engineering student may create a state diagram for proteins, where a beginning state is methionine and the three final states would be stop codons. Or perhaps an engineering student will identify that the redundant sixty-four to twenty mapping of codons to amino acids becomes data for a switching circuit with “don’t care” inputs. By looking at biological processes as switching circuits, the engineering student gains knowledge of biology and the full relevance of engineering principles to other disciplines. This paper will explore some of the applications of biology to switching circuits. The information will include possible engineering student projects and assignments, and lessons learned from teaching biology to engineering students.
Glycyrrhizin acid prevent hydrochloric acid-induced inhalational lung injury in mice through inhibition of MAPK pathway

Inhalational lung injury is easy to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is one of the most serious complications leading to death or disability in severe patients. Glycyrrhizin acid (GA) has the effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and immune regulation. This study explored the protective mechanism of GA to inhalational lung injury in mice. Hydrochloric acid (HCL)-induced inhalational lung injury model was used in this study and the mice were divided into control group, HCL group, HCL plus GA group, and GA group. In the HCL group, serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MPO levels and MDA activity were increased, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased, pulmonary edema of mice was evidenced by HE staining and JNK/P38 signal pathway was activated. After treatment of GA, the TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MPO levels and MDA activity in serum were decreased, and the SOD activity was increased. Pulmonary edema of mice was alleviated as indicated by HE staining and the expression of JNK/P38 signal pathway was also inhibited. From these results, we can conclude that GA has a protective effect on HCL-induced inhalational lung injury.
Choreographies for Microservices

Introduction. Microservices (MS) are cohesive [1] independent software entities that communicate via message passing [10]. Cohesiveness of microservices goes hand-in-hand with loose coupling, making the creation, deployment, and evolution of MS Architectures (MSA) flexible. In particular, MSAs are famous for optimal scalability (only the microservices actually interested by a surge of inbound requests are replicated) and continuous integration (fixing an MSA does not imply to redeploy the whole architecture but just a subset of its microservices). Since basic microservices focus on exposing simple, cohesive functionalities, any complex behaviour offered by an MSA results from a composition of a large number of microservices. Hence, in MSAs interactions among microservices are usually more complex than in traditional distributed systems, which makes their coordination prone to errors like races or deadlocks [7], resulting in hard-to-debug misbehaviours and blocks. To guarantee that an MSA adheres to its expected behaviour, programmers need a single artefact that condenses the emerging behaviour of the composition. Usually, programmers have to create such a single, unifying picture over the MSA manually, following a time-consuming and error-prone activity that reconstructs the behaviour of the architecture from the single interactions among the constituent microservices.
Pareto Efficient Multi-Objective Regression Test Suite Prioritisation

Spectra-Based Fault Localisation (SBFL) aims to assist de-bugging by applying risk evaluation formulae (sometimes called suspiciousness metrics) to program spectra and ranking statements according to the predicted risk. Designing a risk evaluation formula is often an intuitive process done by human software engineer. This paper presents a Genetic Programming approach for evolving risk assessment formulae. The empirical evaluation using 92 faults from four Unix utilities produces promising results 1. GP-evolved equations can consistently outperform many of the human-designed formulae, such as Tarantula, Ochiai, Jaccard, Ample, and Wong1/2, up to 5.9 times. More importantly, they can perform equally as well as Op2, which was recently proved to be optimal against If-Then-Else-2 (ITE2) structure, or even outperform it against other program structures. 1 The program spectra data used in the paper, as well as the complete empirical results, are available from: Abstract Test suite prioritisation seeks a test case ordering that maximises the likelihood of early fault revelation. Previous prioritisation techniques have tended to be single objective, for which the additional greedy algorithm is the current state-of-the-art. We study multi objective test suite prioritisation, evaluating it on multiple versions of five widely-used benchmark programs and a much larger real world system of over 1MLoC. Our multi objective algorithms find faults significantly faster and with large effect size for 20 of the 22 versions. We also introduce a non-lossy coverage compact algorithm that dramatically scales the performance of all algorithms studied by between 2 and 4 orders of magnitude, making prioritisation practical for even very demanding problems. Epitropakis et al.
First Reported Human Cases of Leptospirosis in the United States Virgin Islands in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria, September–November 2017

Abstract Objective Following Hurricanes Irma and Maria, the first case of human leptospirosis ever identified in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) was reported to the Virgin Islands Department of Health. Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal bacterial disease caused by Leptospira species found in animal urine and urine-contaminated water and soil. Outbreaks can occur following extreme weather events. Method Additional cases of leptospirosis were identified in the 2.5 months post-hurricanes by reviewing emergency department (ED) records from territorial hospitals for patients demonstrating leptospirosis-consistent symptoms, testing symptomatic patients previously enrolled in the USVI arbovirus surveillance system (VIASS), and adding leptospirosis testing prospectively to VIASS. Available patient sera underwent local rapid diagnostic testing for anti-Leptospira IgM followed by confirmatory microscopic agglutination testing at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Water was collected from cisterns with epidemiologic links to confirmed cases and tested by real-time PCR (qPCR) for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Results Sixteen retrospectively identified symptomatic patients were enrolled in VIASS; 15 with available samples tested negative. Based on review of 5226 ED charts, 6 patients were further investigated; of these, 5 were tested of which 1 was positive. Prospective leptospirosis surveillance tested 57 additional patients; of these, 1 was positive. Water from 1 of 5 tested cisterns was found positive by qPCR. Conclusions This investigation documents the first 3 cases of leptospirosis reported in the USVI and demonstrates how VIASS successfully was adapted to establish leptospirosis surveillance. Contaminated cistern water was identified as a potential source for Leptospira spp. transmission, highlighting the need for additional post-hurricane remediation and disinfection guidance.
A long way to the battlefront: CAR T cell therapy against solid cancers

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are engineered synthetic receptors that redirect and reprogram T cells to tumor surface antigens for subsequent eradication. The unprecedented efficacy of CD19-CAR T cells against B-cell malignancies has inspired oncologists to extend these efforts for the treatment of solid tumors. However, limited success has been achieved so far, partially due to some of the formidable challenges, e.g. suppression of full activation, inhibition of T cell localization, lacking of ideal targets, inefficient trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppression of microenvironment, and the probability of off targets and associated side effects. Significant progresses have being made recently. Thus, an updated summary is urgently needed. Here in this review, we discuss the advantages and some of the key hurdles encountered by CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors as well as the strategies adopted to improve therapeutic outcomes of this approach. Continuing efforts to increase therapeutic potential and decrease the adverse effects of adaptive cell transfer are suggested as well.
The Relative Abundance of Benthic Bacterial Phyla Along a Water-Depth Gradient in a Plateau Lake: Physical, Chemical, and Biotic Drivers

Water-depth biodiversity gradient, one of the typical biogeographical patterns on Earth, is understudied for bacteria in freshwater ecosystems, and thus left the underlying mechanisms poorly understood especially for benthic bacteria. Here, we investigated the water-depth distribution of surface sediment bacterial phyla and their driving factors in Lake Lugu, a plateau lake in Southwest China. Our results revealed that the relative abundance of 11 dominant bacterial phyla showed various water-depth patterns, such as increasing, decreasing, hump-shaped, and U-shaped patterns. These patterns across phyla were consistent with their different niche positions of water depth, while the occupancy-abundance relationships were not dependent on phylum attributes. Consistently, phylum abundance was best explained by water depth; other physical and chemical factors, such as metal ion concentrations, SiO2, and pH, can also explain the variations in some bacterial phyla. Chemical variables were the main drivers of the dominant bacterial phyla. However, biotic variables also showed substantial importance for some phyla, such as Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, and WS3. This work could provide new insights into the general water-depth patterns and underlying mechanisms of the relative abundance of bacterial phyla in freshwater ecosystems.
Biophysical Properties of Somatic and Axonal Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Spiking activities of midbrain dopaminergic neurons are critical for key brain functions including motor control and affective behaviors. Voltage-gated Na+ channels determine neuronal excitability and action potential (AP) generation. Previous studies on dopaminergic neuron excitability mainly focused on Na+ channels at the somatodendritic compartments. Properties of axonal Na+ channels, however, remain largely unknown. Using patch-clamp recording from somatic nucleated patches and isolated axonal blebs from the axon initial segment (AIS) of dopaminergic neurons in mouse midbrain slices, we found that AIS channel density is approximately 4–9 fold higher than that at the soma. Similar voltage dependence of channel activation and inactivation was observed between somatic and axonal channels in both SNc and VTA cells, except that SNc somatic channels inactivate at more hyperpolarized membrane potentials (Vm). In both SNc and VTA, axonal channels take longer time to inactivate at a subthreshold depolarization Vm level, but are faster to recover from inactivation than somatic channels. Moreover, we found that immunosignals of Nav1.2 accumulate at the AIS of dopaminergic neurons. In contrast, Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 immunosignals are not detectible. Together, our results reveal a high density of Na+ channels at the AIS and their molecular identity. In general, somatic and axonal channels of both SNc and VTA dopaminergic neurons share similar biophysical properties. The relatively delayed inactivation onset and faster recovery from inactivation of axonal Na+ channels may ensure AP initiation at high frequencies and faithful signal conduction along the axon.