Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Agonist‐Induced α‐Opioid Receptor Down‐Regulation

Abstract : Phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues is believed to be crucial for the agonist‐induced regulation of several G protein‐coupled receptors. This is especially true for the three types of opioid receptors (μ, δ, and α), which contain consensus sites for phosphorylation by numerous protein kinases. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to catalyze the in vitro phosphorylation of μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors and to potentiate agonist‐induced receptor desensitization. In this series of experiments, we continue our investigation of how opioid‐activated PKC contributes to homologous receptor down‐regulation and then expand our focus to include the exploration of the mechanism(s) by which μ‐opioids produce PKC translocation in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. [dAla2,N‐Me‐Phe4,Gly‐ol]enkephalin (DAMGO)‐induced PKC translocation follows a time‐dependent and biphasic pattern beginning 2 h after opioid addition, when a pronounced translocation of PKC to the plasma membrane occurs. When opioid exposure is lengthened to >12 h, both cytosolic and particulate PKC levels drop significantly below those of control‐treated cells in a process we termed “reverse translocation. ” The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, and the L‐type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine attenuated opioid‐mediated effects on PKC and μ‐receptor down‐regulation, suggesting that this is a process partially regulated by Ca2+‐dependent PKC isoforms. However, chronic exposure to phorbol ester, which depletes the cells of diacylglycerol (DAG) and Ca2+‐sensitive PKC isoforms, before DAMGO exposure, had no effect on opioid receptor down‐regulation. In addition to expressing conventional (PKC‐α) and novel (PKC‐ε) isoforms, SH‐SY5Y cells also contain a DAG‐and Ca2+‐independent, atypical PKC isozyme (PKC‐ξ), which does not decrease in expression after prolonged DAMGO or phorbol ester treatment. This led us to investigate whether PKC‐ξ is similarly sensitive to activation by μ‐opioids. PKC‐ξ translocates from the cytosol to the membrane with kinetics similar to those of PKC‐α and ε in response to DAMGO but does not undergo reverse translocation after longer exposure times. Our evidence suggests that direct PKC activation by μ‐opioid agonists is involved in the processes that result in μ‐receptor down‐regulation in human neuroblastoma cells and that conventional, novel, and atypical PKC isozymes are involved.
Bacterial fish pathogens: disease in farmed and wild fish.

The structure of fish the meaning of disease in relation to fish anaerobic pathogens gram-positive bacteria - the . lactic acid bacteria. aerobic gram-positive rods and cocci excluding the lactobacilli aeromonadaceae representatives . aeromonas salmonicida. aeromonadaceae representatives excluding . aeromonas salmonicida. enterobacteriaceae representatives cytophagaceae representatives including related gram-negative yellow/orange pigmented rods pseudomonadaceae representatives vibrionaceae representatives moraxellaceae representatives small, morphologically simple bacteria miscellaneous pathogens diagnosis of bacterial fish pathogens control of bacterial fish diseases outlook.
Pedal grasping in an arboreal rodent relates to above-branch behavior on slender substrates

In order to exploit the three-dimensional, discontinuous and unstable arboreal milieu, most arboreal mammals employ efficient foot (pedal) grasping that establishes firm contact with the substrate and enables secure and safe locomotion and postures. Such pedal grasp can be performed in variable ways in relation to substrate characteristics. In order to investigate the interplay between pedal grasping modes, arboreal locomotor and postural behavior, and substrate size and inclination in arboreal mammals, we filmed and quantitatively analyzed these behaviors in captive African woodland dormice. Our observations revealed that African woodland dormice exhibited a flexible locomotor and postural repertoire, mainly on small and horizontal substrates. Hallucal grasping was the main pedal grasping mode and associated with walk, clamber and stand on mainly small- to medium-sized horizontal substrates, whereas claws were commonly used during vertical climb and cling on medium-sized to large vertical substrates. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of hallucal grasping for balancing above, and not below, small- and medium-sized arboreal substrates of moderate inclinations. Therefore, we assert that efficient pedal grasping and its associated positional behavior may have been fundamental for the differentiation and successful radiation of virtually all early mammals that sought refuge in tree canopies, enabling efficient utilization of the small branch niche. Evidence suggests that extant arboreal rodents offer useful functional morphology evidence of the transitional stages that lead to arboreal specialists, euprimates included, and research toward this direction has much to offer to our understanding of evolutionary adaptations exhibited by small-bodied arboreal mammals.
Studies on grain yield and yield components of long duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) as influenced by planting methods and plant populations.

An experiment was laid out in two consecutive kharif seasons during 2003 and 2004 at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of planting methods and plant densities on yield and yield attributes in late sown pigeonpea. Experiment consisted four plant populations (88888, 66666, 5333 and 44444 plants ha−1) and two planting methods (Ridge and Flat bed), with four replications in randomized block design. Results revealed that ridge planting method influnced the seed yield and its components significantly with an increase of 27% in grain yield; significant increase in grain yield was also recorded along with simultaneous increase in plant densities.Therefore, it can be said that ridge sowing with high plant density practice in late sown pigeonpea produces maximum grain yield.
An empirical model for estimating aquatic invertebrate respiration

1. The role of metazoan respiration in aquatic system energetics has been neglected to some extent, particularly because limited resources hamper the simultaneous determination of individual respiration rates across many taxa. As global warming will affect poikilotherm metabolism on an ecosystem scale, we need versatile models to estimate respiration from ‘easy‐to‐obtain’ parameters.
Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenols Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Several Native Pteridophytes of Romania

The aim of this paper was to test the antioxidant activity, polyphenols content and antimicrobial activity of crude extracts obtained from leaves of pteridophyte species commonly found in Romania. The ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) of the investigated ferns varied between 421.90 ? mol TE (Trolox equivalents/g FW (fresh weight) in Dryopteris filix-mas and 128.18 ? mol TE/g FW in D. affinis. Methanolic extracts obtained from leaves of ferns have similar antioxidant activity to that of some medicinal plants. Polyphenols content in the leaves of ferns varies between 2340 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW in D. filix-mas and 887 mg GAE/100 g FW in D. affinis. The correlation coefficient between ORAC and the total polyphenol content was R=0.985. This correlation suggests that phenolic compounds are major contributors to the antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract obtained from ferns inhibits the growth of Gram negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBJMCC1390, Salmonella abony and Gram positive Staphyllococcus aureus ATCC 25093 and Enterococcus faecalis. The highest antimicrobial activity was determined for the Dryopteris extract. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts obtained from leaves of D. filix-mas and D. affinis is better than the A. filix-femina in the case of Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 14067, Sarcina sp. , Bacillus cereus ATCC 1390, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger. The tested ferns could be used as cosmetic ingredients, as preservatives in food or in antimicrobial therapy.
Évaluation des effets de taille et d'architecture sur les propriétés mécaniques et électriques de fils composites métalliques cuivre/niobium fabriqués par déformation plastique sévère

Les fils composites Cu/Nb etudies ici sont d'excellents candidats pour les bobines non destructives generant des champs magnetiques pulses intenses (B ≥ 100T). Ils sont fabriques par Accumulative Drawing and Bundling (ADB) et sont constitue de renforts continus de Nb dans une matrice multi-echelles de Cu. Ces travaux rentrent dans le cadre du projet METAFORES (ANR-12-BS09-0002), visant l’evaluation des effets de taille et d’architecture sur les proprietes des conducteurs Cu/Nb. L’objectif principal consiste donc a caracteriser leur microstructure et leurs proprietes a chaque etape de la fabrication par differentes techniques de caracterisation. Des essais mecaniques et electriques montrent une augmentation de la limite d’elasticite avec l’affinement de la microstructure tout en conservant une conductivite electrique adequate. Les etudes de la texture globale par DRX ont mis en evidence trois composantes de texture de fibre dont deux pour la matrice de Cu ( et ) et une composante unique pour le Nb. On retrouve ces trois composantes de texture dans les analyses locales (EBSD), cependant les proportions relatives des composantes du Cu varient en fonction du nombre de cycles ADB.Les essais de deformation in-situ sous neutrons ont mis en evidence des comportements elasto-plastique et purement elastique des familles de grains {111} du Cu et {110} du Nb respectivement, quels que soient les echantillons. Pour la famille {200} du Cu, le comportement mecanique varie en fonction du nombre de cycles ADB. Tous ces resultats viendront nourrir les simulations effectuees dans le cadre du projet METAFORES (These de Tang Gu, ENSAM-Paris/Mines ParisTech).
Vrouwenbeelden en genderrepresentatie in een leergangen Nederlands voor anderstaligen

This article focuses on the representation of women and images of females as an articulation of diversity in textbooks of Dutch as a foreign language, Code Plus 1 and Code Plus 2. The central research questions are: How are female characters, next to male characters, represented in the selected textbooks? Do the textbooks present gender stereotypes or do they rather question them?
Genetic resources in alfalfa and their preservation

Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows: In the 1930s the stem nematode, Ditylenchw dipsaci was causing heavy losses in alfalfa stands, particularly in the Antelope Valley area of Los Angeles County. Again, material from Turkistan was found to have some plants which were resistant, and a new variety named Lahontan was developed and released. Subsequently it was found that an introduction from Iran with less winter dormancy had plants with a high level of stem nematode resistance, and this variety is being used in breeding work at Davis.
Synergistic antibacterial interaction between an alum and antibiotics on some microorganism

Corresponding author: Zahra Muhsin Ali Email: zahraam.aljumaili@uokufa.edu. iq Department of Biology College of Science University of Kufa Najaf Iraq. ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial effects of Alum and coalescence between alum and antibiotics to killing microorganisms. Methods: The tested bacteria used in this study were collected from different acute infection sources (wound, burn, axillary, and eye swab, sputum, and diarrhea) after that isolation and identification by using standard bacteriological methods. Detection antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates was determined by disc diffusion method, detection the antimicrobial effect of alum of isolates was determined by agar well diffusion method, and estimation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of alum also detection the combination of alum and antibiotic on isolated. Results: In this study found all isolates resistant to several antibiotics tested, all the isolates considered multi drug resistant. Antibacterial activity by inhibition zone (mm) estimation for alum on tested isolates, the inhibitory effect very observed very strong inhibition , was highest on E. coli and C. albicans ( resistance to most antibiotics) in this results observed sensitive to alum in concentration 16 % and 20% in E.coli , but in C. albicans sensitive in concentration 8%, 16%,and 20%, and other isolates sensitive to 20% alum concentration, this results showing the bacteria was highest sensitive alum than antibiotics, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), all microorganisms (MOs) experiment in 20% was MIC and MBC except K. pneumoneae 20% only MIC but in C. albicans the 10% was MBC and MBC and in E. coli the 10% was MIC only. The Combination between antimicrobial agents and inhibition zone (IZ) in mm, this result know the Combination of alum with antibiotics (tetracycline and cefotaxime) highly effect than antibiotic combination, and this combination very strong in killed and destroy microorganisms and effect of alum with antibiotic the best effect than a single effect. For example, effect alum alone the IZ (38 mm) on E. coli but IZ (46 mm) combination with cefotaxime but with tetracycline IZ (40 mm), and etc. In this study, Synergistic antibacterial interaction between alum and antibiotics on all isolates. Conclusion: This study found that the antibacterial effect of Alum increases with its concentration from 8% to 20% and over concentration, the alum very high effect than antibiotics and the high effect increased with combination antibiotics. The results of agar well diffusion method similar with MIC and MBC. In summary, the showed a wide spectrum antibacterial activity. These results suggest that alum have antibacterial actions against some pathogens and may be used for the treatment and prophylaxis against diseases.
The Use by Rain Forest Mammals of Natural Forest Fragments in an Equatorial African Savanna

Two contrasting vegetation types occur in the Lopé Reserve in central Gabon: tropical rain forest dominates but areas of savanna containing natural forest fragments also exist. How forest mammals use the forest fragments has broad implications for conservation and management of tropical ecosystems because the natural landscape at Lopé mimics the fragmentation of forests produced increasingly by human action. The Lopé savannas result from climate induced vegetation changes over the past 20,000 years and are currently maintained by active management because, without regular burning, they are colonized by forest. Forty‐five species of large mammal (body weight ≥2 kg ) have been recorded at Lopé and, although none are savanna specialists, some use the savanna habitat. Sweep censuses were conducted monthly over 2 years in 13 forest fragments. The census sites were small (0.4–11 ha), completely or largely surrounded by savanna, and up to 450 m from continuous rain forest. Population density and biomass were calculated for the 26 species of mammals encountered (nocturnal species were rarely seen) and compared to data previously collected in adjacent continuous forests. Total biomass (6010 kg km−2) was highest in the forest fragments. Compared to adjacent, continuous forest, elephants ( Loxodonta africana) were less common whereas buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and red river hog ( Potamochoerus porcus) were much more numerous. Of eight species of diurnal primates, four were more common, two occurred at similar densities, and two were much less common in the fragmented habitat. Most mammalian species moved between continuous forest and the fragments but two species of guenon and six species of duiker appeared to reside permanently in some fragments. The diversity and high biomass of large mammals found within the forest outliers at Lopé is surprising and suggests that fragmentation per se will not be catastrophic for most of these species.
DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DIFFERENT PREPARATION PROTOCOLS FOR PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP)

INTRODUCTION: Despite the various methods described in producing platelet-rich plasma (PRP), it is well established that this biological product in its many preparations have been proven to enhance wound healing. However, very little have been known about the efficacy of these methods hence there is a lack of evidence in the superiority of one method over another. Thus, a study was conducted to compare these different protocols to determine which produces the highest concentration of platelets. METHODS: Peripheral blood was obtained from 24 healthy volunteers. Four different protocols using similar 2 step centrifugation methods of preparing PRP were applied to an equal number of samples in this study. Platelet counts were performed on whole blood (without processing), PRP preparations and platelet-poor plasma (PPP). RESULTS: All protocols produced higher amounts of platelet concentrates in PRP preparations than plasma. However, centrifugation at 150g for 10 minutes followed by another at 450g at 10 minutes produces significantly higher amount of platelets concentration (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Optimizing the protocols to produce PRP appears to be important in obtaining a maximal yield of platelet concentrate. Here the protocol described has shown to provide significant concentration yield over all others.
Production and enrichment of bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins

Abstract: In this chapter, information is given on the production of bioactive peptides from milk proteins. After defining bioactive peptides, the necessity to release bioactive peptides from the parent protein is discussed. Then, the two main approaches for release, namely enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation are reviewed. Next, an overview is given of the main unit operations that can be applied for the enrichment and selective isolation of bioactive peptides from the protein hydrolysates, including membrane filtration, chromatography and precipitation. Attention is given mainly to ACE-inhibitory peptides, and to processes that show potential for application in the dairy industry.
Fungal Infection and Presence of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Cereals Grown in The Netherlands.

In 1991 and 1993 cereals were sampled during harvest in The Netherlands. The samples were tested for the presence of molds and the samples of 1993 were additionally tested for the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. The molds were identified to genus level and those belonging to the genus Fusarium to species level. The total fungal infection of cereals in 1991 did not differ from 1993, with a median value of 5.0 log CFU g-1 in both years. The incidences of the genera Aspergillus , Penicillium , the group of Mucor and Rhizopus , Cladosporium , and Fusarium differed considerably between the two years, possibly caused by the different weather conditions. The numbers of samples infected with Fusarium were much higher in 1993 (83%) than in 1991 (34%). In 1991, no Fusarium was detected in samples from the southern part of The Netherlands, as opposed to 1993, when Fusarium was found in all regions sampled. The most dominant Fusarium species in 1991 were Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium avenaceum . In 1993, Fusarium poae , Fusarium culmorum , and Fusarium crookwellense dominated. All these Fusarium species are known mycotoxin producers. Three percent of the cereal samples of 1993 contained deoxynivalenol and 1% contained zearalenone in levels of over 500 μg kg-1 and 200 μg kg-1, respectively. This study has shown that the incidences of various fungal genera and Fusarium species in cereals in The Netherlands can vary from year to year. Considerable numbers of toxigenic Fusarium molds can occur and Fusarium mycotoxins may be present.
Biology of the springtails (Insecta--Collembola)

General introduction 1. Review of the literature on Collembola 2. Evolution, systematics, and biogeography 3. Ecomorphology and anatomy 4. Taxonomic methods and the species concept in Collembola 5. Interactions between Collembola and the abiotic environment 6. Interactions between Collembola and the biotic environment 7. Reproduction, development and life histories 8. Ecology and conservation 9. Ecotoxicology Appendix A: World of genera of Collembola Appendix B: Regional checklist of Collembola Appendix C: Laboratory and field studies of the effects of chemicals on Collembola References Subject index Systematic Index
Classification of mammals : above the species level

Embracing more than 5,000 genera, distributed in 425 families and 46 orders, Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell's Classification of Mammals is the most comprehensive work to date on the systematics, relationships, and occurrences of all mammal taxa, living and extinct, down through the rank of genus. Since George Gaylord Simpson's 1945 classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization. McKenna inherited the project from Simpson and, with Bell, has constructed a completely updated hierarchical system that reflects the genealogy of Mammalia.
Candidate therapeutic targets against acute myeloid leukemia identified via screening combinatorial peptide and chemical libraries

4 Review of literature 5 1. The composition of bone marrow 5 1.1. Components 5 1.1.1. Hematopoietic cells 5 1.1.2. Bone marrow stroma 7 1.2. Bone marrow niches 7 1.2.1. Osteoblastic niche 7 1.2.2. Vascular niche 8 1.3. Oxygen levels 8 2. Pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia 10 2.1. Molecular abnormalities 10 2.2. Intrinsic heterogeneity in leukemia 12 3. Emerging targeting approaches in acute myeloid leukemia 14 3.1. Abnormally activated signaling pathways 14 3.2. Altered metabolism 15 3.3. Leukemia stem cells 16 3.4. Leukemia microenvironment 17 3.5. Angiogenesis 18 3.6. Hypoxia 18 3.7. Modifiers and regulators of chromatin, and non-coding RNAs 19 3.8. Mitochondrial proteins and biogenesis 19 3.9. Genetic vulnerabilities 20 3.10. Immunotherapy 20 4. Discovery of novel targets and therapeutic agents 21 4.1. Druggable targets 21 4.2. High-throughput screening assays 21 4.3. Small molecule compounds 23 4.3.1. Drug-like properties 23 4.3.2. Target identification 24 4.4. Peptide-based therapeutics 25 4.5. Phage Display Technology 25 4.5. 1. Filamentous phage 26 4.5. 2. Phage-display random peptide libraries 26 4.5. 3. Screening phage display random peptide libraries 28 Aims of the study 30
The effect of GPCR crosstalk on intracellular Ca2+ responses and downstream signalling

• Hall C.J., Brown A. , Wilkinson G.F and Willars G.B. Increased intracellular Ca signalling mediated via crosstalk between muscarinic M3 receptors and β2adrenoceptors is associated with a synergistic effect on ERK activation. Young Physiologists’ Symposium 23-24 September 2009, Leicester, U.K. • Hall C.J., Brown A. , Wilkinson G.F and Willars G.B. Increased intracellular Ca signalling mediated via crosstalk between muscarinic M3 receptors and β2adrenoceptors is associated with a synergistic effect on ERK activation. British Pharmacological Society 3rd Focused Meeting Cell Signalling British Pharmacological Society 20-21 April 2009, Leicester, U.K. • Hall C.J., Brown A. , Wilkinson G.F. and Willars G.B. Co-stimulation of muscarinic M3 acetylcholine receptors and β2-adrenoceptors causes a synergistic effect on the release of intracellular Ca and ERK activation. British Pharmacological Society pA2 6(4) abstract 090, Winter meeting 16-18 December 2008, Brighton, U.K.