Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on the Effect of Government R&D Subsidies on Innovation Performance and Behavior of Enterprises

Based on the two aspects of government R&D subsidies on innovation performance and behavior,this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of R&D subsidies on enterprise innovation and illustrates the different mechanism of incentive effect, crowding out and signal effect, and analyzes the enterprise scale and ownership to influence the effectiveness of the government R&D subsidies. It is found that government R&D subsidies can promote and inhibit the innovation activities of enterprises,but the influence mechanisms are different. Meanwhile, differences in enterprise size and ownership nature will affect the effect of government R&D subsidies. Therefore, in order to reasonably plan the allocation of government R&D subsidies and maximize the effect , government can formulate targeted funding methods from the aspects of setting reasonable subsidy intensity and attaching importance to innovation behaviors of non-state-owned enterprises.
Reactivity of dpph• in the oxidation of catechol and catechin

A kinetic study of the reduction of pyrocatechol and catechin by dpph• radical has been carried out in various ratios of CH3OH/H2O mixed solvent at pH 5.5–7.5, μ = 0.10 M [(n-Bu)4N]ClO4, and T = 25°C. The rate constants of oxidation in aqueous solvent, k, were obtained from the extrapolation of the linear plots of the specific rate constants k vs. % H2O plots at each pH value. A linear relationship between k and 1/[H+] was observed for both flavonoids with k = k1Ka1/[H+], where Ka1 was the first acid dissociation constant on the catechol ring and k1 is the rate constant of the oxidation of the mononegative species HX−. The values of k1 obtained from the slopes of the plots are (8.2 ± 0.2) × 105 and (6.1 ± 0.1) × 105 M−1 s−1 for pyrocatechol and catechin, respectively. The analysis of the reaction on the basis of Marcus theory for an outer-sphere electron transfer reaction yielded a value of 3.7 × 103 M−1 s−1 for the self-exchange rate constant of dpph•/dpphH couple. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 147–153, 2011
To my family To all my friends and relatives To all the teachers of the department of English

IV INTRODUCTION. 1 METHODS AND MATERIALS. 11 RESULTS. 18 DISCUSSION. 20 Cultural Differences and its Impact on Henry James’s Characters Within his Novel The Portrait of a Lady1881. 20 Immigrant Reactions under the Influence of The Foreignness of The Languages Within Henry James’s Novel The Portrait of a Lady1881 25 Cultural Feminism and The revelation of Past Worlds atrocities under the Effect of Light and Color in Jane Campion The Portrait of a Lady 1996 Feminism and Freudianism as they are mirrored within Campion’s visible spectrums in her movie The Portrait of a Lady 1996 Implicit Feminists Reactions and Attitudes within Jane Campion’s movie The Portrait of a Lady 1996 Campion’s Educating Messages as they are clarified under Donovan’s Theoretical Section The New Feminist Moral Vision. 28
The effect of acetic acid treatment on germination parameters of carrot seeds infected with “Candidattus Liberibacter solanacearum”

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of acetic by comparing certain germination parameters of two carrot seed lots. The first seed lot is infected with the fastidious plant pathogenic bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ recently detected in Tunisia while the second one was safe. Contaminated seeds were treated with acetic acid solutions at different concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20%. Seeds were tested on moist filter paper, in seed trays under controlled conditions. Results showed a clear significant difference between tested germination parameters of both lots of seeds, explaining thus the negative effect of this fastidious bacterium on germination parameters. Acetic acid treatment has a significant positive effect on germination parameters of contaminated carrot seeds. However, at the highest concentration, these parameters were negatively affected. These results may help carrot producers to develop a control strategy able to minimize the spread of this bacterium.
Phenomenology of metal-semiconductor electrical barriers

The phenomenological rules governing the values of electrical barriers between metals, and semiconductors or insulators are reviewed. The barrier energies on ionic insulators are shown to vary strongly with metal electronegativity, while in the case of covalent semiconductors, the barrier energies are relatively independent of the metal. The barrier energy from the metal Fermi level to the conduction band of the semiconductor is shown to be approximately two thirds of the semiconductor band gap with certain exceptions. The success of a simple barrier model in accounting for the properties of the barrier are reviewed. The variation of barrier energy with electrical field is reported for Al-SiO2, Al-GaSe, and Al-GaAs and compared with simple theory including image-force lowering and field penetration into the metal. Transport through interfacial barriers is illustrated by discussing transport through metal-GaSe-metal structures and metal-InAs Schottky barriers.
Consumer characteristics and willingness to pay for locally produced rib-eye steaks: A case study of consumers at farmers’ markets

This study examined crucial product attributes, consumer characteristics, and corresponding willingness to pay (WTP) for locally produced ribeye steaks. We focused on consumers at farmers’ markets because the rising trend of buying local is believed to have generated higher sales for local producers in recent years. This paper is the first demand-side study to focus solely on high-value beef cut in the state of South Dakota. We conducted an experimental survey study, and the data suggested a significantly higher WTP for locally produced rib-eye steaks. The results also indicated that all product attributes selected for inclusion in this study contributed to a higher WTP for shoppers at farmers’ markets, especially in terms of juiciness and color of the steaks. We also found that two consumer characteristics — household beef intakes and health knowledge — significantly contributed to higher WTP. We recommend that local producers continue improving the quality of their meat; however, producers should be aware that improving quality would possibly result in diminished profits. Our study also indicates that although consumers at a Department of Economics, South Dakota State University; Brookings, South Dakota 57006, USA. b Department of Agricultural Business, California State University-Fresno; Fresno, California 93740, USA. * Corresponding author: Kuo-Liang Chang, Assistant Professor, Box 504, Scobey Hall, Department of Economics, South Dakota State University; Brookings, South Dakota 57006 USA; +1-605-688-5322; Kuo-Liang.Chang@sdstate.edu Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development ISSN: 2152-0801 online www.AgDevJournal. com 100 Volume 4, Issue 1 / Fall 2013 farmers’ markets are willing to spend a higher price premium for better steaks, the additional WTP vanishes once the product’s quality reaches a certain level. To improve profitability, we suggest that local producers develop effective market strategies to target and recruit customers who are willing to pay higher premiums for locally produced food.
Comparative Analysis of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System using Various Green Refrigerants

The main objective of this work is to enhance the performance of the Vapour Compression refrigerator by flooding the evaporator with liquid refrigerant. The phase out schedule of a hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerant R134-a demands the development of an ecofriendly refrigerants. Since green refrigerants like carbon dioxide,ammonia etc., has wide ecological benefits like low ODP and low GWP. Hence this project work emphasis on the performance analysis of various ozone friendly refrigerants such as R717,R744 used in a vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS). In this project work the performance test on Vapour Compression Refrigeration system using R134a(tetrafluoroethane), R717(ammonia) and R744(carbon dioxide) are calculated. On comparing COP’s of green refrigerants R717 (ammonia, COPact=3.825) R744 (carbondioxide, COPact=2) R134-a (tetrafluoroethane, COPact=3.75), it is computed that R744 (carbon dioxide) has poor performance due to the high operating pressure and it is suggested that R717(ammonia) can also be used as green refrigerant in domestic refrigerator.
White organic light-emitting devices employing phosphorescent iridium complex as RGB dopants

Efficient phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) were realized by using a bright blue-emitting layer, iridium (III) bis-[(4,6- di-fluoropheny)-pyridinato-N, C2′] picolinate doped 4.4′-bis-(9-carbazolyl)-2, 2′-dimethyl–biphenyl doped, together with tris-(2-phenylpyridine) iridium and bis-(1-phenyl–isoquinoline) acetylacetonate iridium (III) are codoped into a 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole- biphenyl layer to provide blue, green and red emission for colour mixing. The device emission colour is controlled by varying dopant concentrations and the thicknesses of blue and green–red layers as well as tuning the thickness of an exciton-blocking layer. The maximum luminance and power efficiency of the WOLED are 42700 cd m−2 at 17 V and 8.48 lm W−1 at 5 V, respectively. The Commission Internationale de 1'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinate changes from (0.41, 0.42) to (0.37, 0.39) when the luminance ranges from 1000 cd m−2 to 30000 cd m−2.
The Role of Bioenergy in Transition to a Sustainable Bioeconomy  Study on EU Countries

Starting with the significant differences between the European Union member states regarding the implementation of the sustainable development goals stipulated by the United Nations and the transition from the fossil fuel economy to the one based on the principles of bio-economics, the article aims highlighting the correlation between the bioenergy production and a range of economic, environmental or innovation indicators for each Member State. The designed model uses data for 25 EU Member States collected for the period 2007-2013. The novelty of this study derives from the use of linear regression to estimate the impact of bioenergy evolution on the country's energy dependence and Panel Least Squares to identify the correlations between bioenergy and fossil fuel production, PIB per unit of energy use, the degree of innovation in the field and renewable energy generation. The obtained results show that the bioenergy-renewable-energy-dependency relationship is not significantly influenced by the economic crisis, even if the proposed model is weaker. At the same time, bioenergy positively correlates with the degree of innovation in the field or with the energy from natural gas and negatively with the economic efficiency of a state. The article presents the gap between countries regarding bioenergy, as well as their evolution during the analyzed period. All these values support the positive effects that bioenergy will have on the sustainable development of the bioeconomy. Bioenergy production can make a significant contribution to mitigating climate change while ensuring the diversification of energy resources in the long run.
Advances in Risk Factors for Recurrence of Common Bile Duct Stones

Choledocholithiasis is a chronic common disease. The incidence of cholelithiasis is 5%-15%, of which 5%-30% are combined with Choledocholithiasis. Although endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) + endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is the most common treatment procedure, which clearance rate is up to 95%, the incidence of recurrent choledocholithiasis was 4%-25%. The risk factors of recurrence after choledocholithiasis clearance are the focuses of current researches, which are caused by multiple factors. We first systematically summarize the risk factors of common bile duct stones (CBDS) recurrence into five aspects: first-episode stone related factors, congenital factors, biological factors, behavioral intervention factors, and the numbers of stone recurrence.
Molecular Structure of Single DNA Complexes with Positively Charged Dendronized Polymers

Positively charged dendronized polymers with protonated amine groups at the periphery and different dendron generations are cylindrically shaped nanoobjects whose radii and linear charge densities can be varied systematically. These polyelectrolytes have been complexed with DNA and subsequently adsorbed on precoated mica substrates. The analysis of scanning force microscopy data indicates that DNA wraps around the dendronized polymers. The calculated pitch is 2.30 ± 0.27 and 2.16 ± 0.27 nm for DNA wrapped around dendronized polymers of generation two and four, respectively. The complex with the second generation has been shown to be negatively charged, which is consistent with the theory of spontaneous overcharging of macro-ion complexes, when the electrostatic contribution to the free energy dominates over the elastic energy. The complexes may be of interest for the development of nonviral gene delivery systems.
Effect of iron salt modification on the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide by sludge-based activated carbon

Sludge-based activated carbons (SACs) prepared from sewage sludge and corn straw with potassium hydroxide activation were modified with six different metal salts, and the H2S removal performance of the modified SACs was studied. The results showed that iron salt modification shows the good effect and can improve the H2S removal performance of the modified SAC, and that the optimum modifier is ferric nitrate. Through an orthogonal experiment, the optimum modification conditions were determined: the ferric nitrate concentration was 1.0 mol/L, the impregnation ratio was 1:4, the carbonization time was 90 min, and the carbonization temperature was 200°C. The modified SAC yielded a breakthrough sulfur capacity and saturation sulfur capacity of 27.21 and 49.17 mg/g, which were as 4.68 and 7.02 times as large as those before modification, respectively. Additionally, the results show that the carbonization temperature was the most important factor affecting the H2S adsorption capacity of the modified SACs. The modification process increased aromatic ring structures and iron oxides (such as Fe2O3); those changes were all conducive to improving the chemical adsorption capacity of the modified SACs.
Data Mining Techniques In Agriculture Prediction Of Soil Fertility

: Data Mining is emerging research field in Agriculture crop yield analysis.The techniques of data mining are extremely popular in the area of agriculture. In this paper focus on Data Mining techniques in agricultural field. Different Data Mining techniques are in use, such as K-Means,K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) for very recentapplications of Data Mining techniques in agriculture field. The productive capacity of a soil depends on soil fertility. Achieving and maintaining appropriate levels of soil fertility, is of utmost importance if agricultural land is to remain capable of nourishing crop production. This paper focus on the problem of predicting soil fertility andSteps for building a predictive model of soil fertility. Soil fertilityis a very important agricultural problem that remains to be solved based on the available data. The problem of soil fertilitycan be solved by employing Data Mining techniques. This paper aims at predicting soil fertility by using Different types of Data Mining techniques.
What’s at Stake in Rulemaking? Financial Market Evidence for Banks’ Influence on Administrative Agencies

Governments worldwide use administrative rulemaking to craft economic regulation, and businesses engage in costly activity to influence this process. How much is at stake in rulemaking? How can we tell whether firms obtain meaningful influence? We use intra-day event study methods to analyze how firms’ stock responds to the announcement of new rules. We find that commenting firms obtain stock returns between 5 and 12 percentiles higher than those that abstained. Observed rulemaking participation by publicly-traded banks alone accounts for $3.2 to $7.8 billion in excess returns. The aggregate influence of commenters on all Dodd-Frank rules is likely far larger. These results, as well as case studies of two rules, suggest that firms shape policy in rulemaking net of their influence on rule-drafting, that business-induced rulemaking changes may account for billions of dollars in profits, and that rulemaking comprises an important site of political inequality. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Washington Center for Equitable Growth and Social Policy Program, the Kauffman Foundation, the Russell Sage Foundation, and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard. We also gratefully acknowledge our research assistant Eric Fegan, as well as substantive feedback from Steve Ansolabehere, Colleen Baker, Pamela Ban, Sanford Gordon, Howell Jackson, Daniel Moskowitz, David Moss, Jon Rogowski, Jennifer Selin, Neil Shephard, Ken Shepsle, Jim Snyder, Margaret Tahyar, Paul Tucker, Craig Volden, Wendy Wagner, Susan Yackee, Kevin Young, and Luigi Zingales, as well as participants at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the American Politics Research Workshop at Harvard, and the Price College of Business at University of Oklahoma. All errors, omissions and interpretations remain ours alone.
Quantum Natural Language Processing

By Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP) we mean the canonical implementation of natural language on quantum hardware, where by canonical we mean that compositional language structure, including grammar, matches the manner in which quantum systems compose. The Categorical Distributional Compositional (DisCoCat) model for natural language [8] enables such a canonical embedding. One instance of this is the perfect match of grammatical structure in terms of pregroups [15] and the compositional quantum structure of bipartite entanglement [1]. In fact, DisCoCat was directly inspired by teleportation-alike behaviours [5]. Besides vector spaces and inner-products, which are commonplace in modern Natural Language Processing (NLP), DisCoCat also employs several other quantum-theoretic features, such as projector spectra for representing meanings of adjectives, verbs and relative pronouns [17, 12, 13, 7], density matrices for representing linguistic ambiguity and lexical entailment [16, 2], and entanglement for representing correlated concepts [4], all of which ‘exits’ on quantum hardware. Therefore DisCoCat-QNLP deserves to be referred to as ‘quantum-native’. The first proposal to implement QNLP was put forward in [19]. A first major upshot of quantum implementation of DisCoCat is an exponential reduction of space resources as compared to implementations on classical hardware. Other initially mentioned upshots include the nativeness of density matrices, and the availability of quantum algorithms that provide an algorithmic quantum advantage for typical NLP tasks such as classification. However, a 1st shortcoming in that proposal was the reliance on quantum RAM [11], which doesn’t exist yet, and may never do. Also, one needs to provided hardware-dependent conversion of DisCoCat diagrams into, e.g. quantum circuits. These shortcoming are addressed in:
Responding to negative assertions in Germanic : On yes and no in English , Dutch and Swedish 1

This paper presents evidence from three acceptability judgement experiments that tested the acceptability of the response particles YES and NO in affirming and rejecting responses to negative assertions in three Germanic languages. The study shows that the acceptability of the particles differs between the three languages, but does not correlate with the availability of a dedicated rejecting particle like German doch in the particle system of a language. Furthermore, the experiments revealed that there is considerable inter-individual variation. The paper thus contributes to the ongoing exploration of inter-individual variability in the use and meaning of response particles, which was first explored experimentally for German by Claus, Meijer, Repp and Krifka (2017). The paper discusses current theories of response particles and offers a preliminary account of the findings in the anaphora account of Roelofsen and Farkas (2015).
Spatio-temporal dynamics of the Ŕıo de la Plata turbidity front; combining remote sensing with in-situ measurements and numerical modeling

1 The Ŕıo de la Plata is a micro-tidal estuary located in Southeast South America. With an 2 annual mean flow of 26,500 m3/s, it receives 160 million tons/yr of suspended sediments. The 3 high content of cohesive fine sediments in the estuary generates high turbidity levels in its inner 4 and intermediate zones, which can be clearly seen in color satellite images. In this work, an 5 image-based algorithm was successfully implemented to remotely detect the turbidity front of 6 the Ŕıo de la Plata, based on the top of the atmosphere (TOA) reflectance in the red band 7 of MODIS-Aqua satellite. The algorithm finds the reflectance level that ‘best’ separates two 8 water classes: turbid fluvial and clear ocean waters. The front dynamic was studied combining 9 remotely sensed information and data of river discharge, winds, salinity and sea level time 10 ∗corresponding author
Dielectric properties of self‐catalytic interpenetrating polymer network based on modified bismaleimide and cyanate ester resins

Bismaleimide (BMI) resins with good thermal stability, fire resistance, low water absorption, and good retention of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, especially in hot/wet environments, have attracted more attention in the electronic and aerospace industries. However, their relatively high dielectric constant limits their application in the aforementioned fields. In this work, a new promising approach is presented that consists of the formation of a self-catalytic thermoset/thermoset interpenetrating polymer network. Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on modified BMI resin (BMI/DBA) and cyanate ester (b10) were synthesized via prepolymerization followed by thermal curing. The self-catalytic curing mechanism of BMI/DBA-CE IPN resin systems was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The dielectric properties of the cured BMI/DBA-CE IPN resin systems were evaluated by a dielectric analyzer and shown in dielectric properties-temperature-log frequency three-dimensional plots. The effect of temperature and frequency on the dielectric constant of the cured BMI/DBA-CE IPN resin systems is discussed. The composition effect on the dielectric constant of the cured IPN resin systems was analyzed on the basis of Maxwell's equation and rule of mixture. The obtained BMI/DBA-CE IPN resin systems have the combined advantages of low dielectric constant and loss, high-temperature resistance, and good processability, which have many applications in the microelectronic and aerospace industries. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1123–1134, 2003