Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Melatonin reduces indomethacin‐induced gastric mucosal cell apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial oxidative stress and the activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis

Abstract: Augmentation of gastric mucosal cell apoptosis due to development of oxidative stress is one of the main pathogenic events in the development of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐induced gastropathy. Identification of a nontoxic, anti‐apoptotic molecule is warranted for therapy against NSAID‐induced gastropathy. The objective of the present study was to define the mechanism of the anti‐apoptotic effect of melatonin, a nontoxic molecule which scavenges reactive oxygen species. Using an array of experimental approaches, we have shown that melatonin prevents the development of mitochondrial oxidative stress and activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis induced by indomethacin (a NSAID) in the gastric mucosa. Melatonin inhibits the important steps of indomethacin‐induced activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis such as upregulation of the expression of Bax and Bak, and the downregulation of Bcl‐2 and BclxL. Melatonin also prevents indomethacin‐induced mitochondrial translocation of Bax and prevents the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, melatonin reduces indomethacin‐mediated activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 by blocking the release of cytochrome c and finally rescues gastric mucosal cells from indomethacin‐induced apoptosis as measured by the TUNEL assay. Histologic studies of gastric mucosa further document that melatonin almost completely protects against gastric damage induced by indomethacin. Thus, melatonin has significant anti‐apoptotic effects to protect gastric mucosa from NSAID‐induced apoptosis and gastropathy, which makes its use as potential therapy against gastric damage during NSAID treatment.
CYBER ETHICS AND LAWS- PROS AND CONS: A STUDY OF IT ACT 2000

I have studied Cyber Laws, Cyber Ethics and Cyber Crimes, IT Act 2000 in detail. As per my opinion, I feel that, the cyber laws are not sufficient to stop the cyber crimes. Cyber crimes are happening in a large scale. More efforts should be taken, more laws should be introduced, and they should be implemented strictly. If persons are follows some ethics to stop growth of cyber crimes. Cyber ethics are specially design for different organization like firms, governments, and civil society. The IT Act 2000 also penalize various cyber crimes and provides strict punishments, its also not sufficient, we need implement new act, its implementation I. INTRODUCTION The Internet and the most known part of it, the World Wide Web, are one of the greatest inventions of our time. The formation and the growth of these big Net has changed the way we do business, communicate, entertain, retrieve information, and even educate ourselves. This worldwide medium allows interaction with people without regard for geographic location and it is a great exchange and source of data, information and software. In this paper, at first a short history of the WWW is presented, with its main facilities and possibilities. In the second part, after a short introduction on the web site of the society, are presented history, presence,
Stereo image representation using compressive sensing

This paper presents a compressive sensing based stereo image representation technique using wavelet transform gain. The pair of input stereo images is first decomposed into its low-pass and high-pass views using a motion compensated lifting based wavelet transform. A 2D spatial wavelet transform is then further de-correlates the low-pass view into its sub-bands. Wavelet transform gains are employed to regulate threshold value for different sub-bands. The coefficients in high frequency sub-bands and high-pass view are then hard thresholded to generate their sparse sub-bands and view. The compressive sensing method is then used to generate measurements for different resulting sparse sub-bands and view. The baseband coefficients and measurements are finally losslessly coded. The application of compressive sensing in compressing natural images is in its early stages. Therefore, their performances are usually compared with each other than standard codecs. The performance of the proposed codec is superior to the state of the art and is superior to JPEG subjectively.
Consensus for multi-agent systems with an active leader

This paper investigates consensus for a multi-agent system with an active leader and collision avoidance by using an artificial social potential. The leader is active and can't be measured. We also consider the model with time delays. When the interconnection topology is fixed and directed, It is proved that the tracking error of each free agent is bounded when the interconnection topology is fixed and switching, respectively.
Pharmacology of amineptine, an antidepressant agent acting on the dopaminergic system: a review

Amineptine is a tricyclic antidepressant agent with a unique capacity to reduce dopamine uptake selectively in vitro: this effect is also obtained in vivo. In vivo, amineptine increases striatal homovanillic acid without affecting the levels of other metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-methoxytyramine. However, relatively high doses of amineptine preferentially lower the extracellular DOPAC level, assessed by pulse voltammetry, in the nucleus accumbens but not in the striatum. Microdialysis techniques confirm an increase in extracellular dopamine in various brain areas (striatum, nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex) and an increase in extracellular noradrenaline in the frontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. Chronic treatment with amineptine induces downregulation of dopamine D2, β- and α2,-adrenergic receptors. Amineptine enters the brain and its pharmacological effects are probably induced by the unchanged drug, rather than its two main metabolites.
Early father–daughter relationship and demographic determinants of spousal marital satisfaction

This study examined several dimensions of early father–daughter relationship as predictors of marital satisfaction among 494 respondents. Descriptive comparative approach was used in result analysis. The Father Presence Questionnaire and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire were used, in addition to a number of demographic variables. Results showed that only physical relationship with the father, and perceptions of father’s influence, had a positive significant impact on wives’ marital satisfaction. Of all domains, only positive feelings about the father had a negative impact on the husband’s marital satisfaction. Most demographic variables had statistically significant effect on marital satisfaction. Sociocultural implications for marital satisfaction for wives and husbands are discussed.
Prevention Campaign against Skin Cancer

Background: The melanoma incidence has increased over recent decades. Educational campaigns aim to encourage protection from the sun and early detection of melanoma. Methods: During a campaign in Switzerland, information on risk factors, sun protection and melanoma prevention was distributed. 10,987 people completed a questionnaire regarding risk factors, and 2,746 people were examined by a dermatologist. Results: Men had a higher risk as assessed by skin type, ultraviolet exposure, family history, number of moles and sunburns during childhood. Changes in moles were reported significantly more often by people with: (1) a positive family history (p < 0.0001); (2) multiple moles (p < 0.0001), and (3) sunburns during childhood (p < 0.0001). A precancerous or cancerous condition was suspected in 16% of individuals examined. Conclusion: Early detection of melanoma can be achieved by this type of campaign. Primary prevention is a long-term approach and educational efforts targeting risk groups must be continued.
Effects of Quinidine on Arrhythmias and Conduction in an Isolated Tissue Model of Ischemia and Reperfusion

Transmembrane electrical activity from endoand epicardium and a high-gain ECG were recorded from isolated segments of guinea pig right ventricles. Endocardium was stimulated. Tissues were exposed to ischemic conditions for 15 min and then reperfused with “normal” Tyrode's solution. Ventricular tachycardia, bigeminy, or trigeminy with characteristics of transmural reentry occurred in early reperfusion in 68% of control hearts. Arrhythmias were associated with prolongation of the transmural conduction time (CT) and abbreviation of the endocardial effective refractory period (EP). Quinidine significantly suppressed reperfusion arrhythmias at 1 and 5 μM, slightly increased the incidence of arrhythmias at 10 μM, and again suppressed arrhythmias at 50 and 100 μM. At 1 and 5 μM, quinidine prevented or attenuated prolongation of the transmural CT by ischemic conditions and reperfusion. The transmural CT was not significantly changed at 10 μM, and was further prolonged at 50 and 10 μM quinidine. The endocardial ERP was prolonged by 50 and 100 μM quinidine during ischemic conditions and reperfusion. In epicardial slices, 5 μM quinidine shortened the CT transverse to the fiber orientation during reperfusion but had no effect on the longitudinal CT. Thus, antiarrhythmic efficacy of low concentrations of quinidine may occur through differential effects dependent on tissue anisotropy.
Quality Assurance in Agile: A Study towards Achieving Excellence

Agile Methods are known to have built-in quality management system, however there are still challenges seen in the real life scenarios within the software organizations that are transitioning from traditional method to Agile development methods. Traditional Quality Assurance techniques are reporting based and rely on heavy weight inspection methods whereas Agile Quality Assurance techniques are built-in daily activities by teams. Research proposal here aims to study various challenges faced in terms of assuring quality in Agile, what are the key drivers or indicators of Quality in agile and proposing the framework to evaluate what aspects of Agile improve the quality of the product in terms of bug rates, development time and costs. Through this study we aim to provide some suggestions to help organizations overcome obstacles expected in adopting the agile method as software development tool and ensuring quality.
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Mediates Aldosterone Stimulation of Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) and Interacts with γ-ENaC*

Whole cell voltage clamp experiments were performed in a mouse cortical collecting duct principal cell line using patch pipettes back-filled with a solution containing phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 significantly increased amiloridesensitive current in control cells but not in the cells prestimulated by aldosterone. Additionally, aldosterone stimulated amiloridesensitive current in control cells, but not in the cells that expressed a PIP3-binding protein (Grp1-PH), which sequestered intracellular PIP3. 12 amino acids from the N-terminal tail (APGEKIKAKIKK) of γ-epithelial sodium channel (γ-ENaC) were truncated by PCRbased mutagenesis (γT-ENaC). Whole cell and confocal microscopy experiments were conducted in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells co-expressing α- and β-ENaC only or with either γ-ENaC or γT-ENaC. The data demonstrated that the N-terminal tail truncation significantly decreased amiloride-sensitive current and that both the N-terminal tail truncation and LY-294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) prevented ENaC translocation to the plasmamembrane. These data suggest that PIP3 mediates aldosterone-induced ENaC activity and trafficking and that the N-terminal tail of γ-ENaC is necessary for channel trafficking, probably channel gating as well. Additionally, we demonstrated a novel interaction between γ-ENaC and PIP3.
Monetary Policy and Macroprudential Policy: Different and Separate?

The paper discusses how monetary and macroprudential policies can be distinguished, how appropriate goals for the two policies can be determined, whether the policies are best conducted separately or coordinately and by the same or different authorities, and how they can be coordinated when desired. The institutional frameworks in Canada, Sweden, and the UK are briefly compared. The Swedish example of monetary policy strongly "leaning against the wind" and the subsequent policy turnaround is summarized, as well as what estimates have been found of the costs and benefits of leaning against the wind.
Phase I Trial of TGF-β2 Antisense GM-CSF Gene-Modified Autologous Tumor Cell (TAG) Vaccine

Purpose: On the basis of the hypothesis that the combined expression of immunostimulatory granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and antitumor suppressor TGF-β2 antisense (AS) transgenes can break tolerance and stimulate immune responses to cancer-associated antigens, we constructed an expression plasmid [the tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG) plasmid] that coexpresses GM-CSF and TGF-β2 AS nucleotide sequences and which was incorporated into an autologous whole-cell vaccine. Experimental Design: Patients undergoing resection were enrolled. Freshly harvested autologous tumor cells were mechanically and enzymatically disaggregated, then electroporated with the TAG vector. The resulting vaccine was irradiated, then aliquoted and cryopreserved until the time of injection. Patients received a minimum of 5 to a maximum of 12 monthly intradermal injections. Immune function was monitored at baseline and at months 3 and 6. Results: Vaccine manufacturing efficiency was 84% (32/38). Twenty-three patients received at least 1 vaccination. There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities, and grade 1 and 2 events were local in nature. Seventeen of 21 patients had stable disease (SD) at month 2 or later as their best response, and 1 patient with stage IVa malignant melanoma achieved a complete response (CR) following 11 vaccinations and remains without evidence of disease 2 years following initiation of therapy. Six of 13 patients displayed a positive enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) response to autologous TAG vaccine at week 12 including 3 patients with prolonged SD or CR. The 3 other patients survived through week 24, as compared with none of the 7 ELISPOT-negative patients. Conclusions: On the basis of safety and clinical and immunologic results, further evaluation of bifunctional vaccines is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 17(1); 183–92. ©2011 AACR.
Systèmes contrôlés en réseau : Evaluation de performances d'architectures Ethernet commutées. (Networked control systems: Performance evaluation of switched Ethernet architectures)

La recherche dans le domaine des systemes controles en reseau a considerablement evolue depuis qu'Ethernet est de plus en plus utilise en remplacement des traditionnels reseaux locaux industriels. Si ce choix d'Ethernet se justifie par sa faculte intrinseque a supporter toutes les communications de l'entreprise (du bureau a l'atelier), il s'accorde difficilement avec les contraintes temporelles des applications de controle / commande distribuees. Contrairement aux reseaux de terrain, l'indeterminisme de l'acces a la voie d'Ethernet ne permet pas de garantir le respect des contraintes temporelles strictes. La contribution de cette these est la definition d'une approche analytique permettant de majorer les delais de communication de bout en bout dans les systemes controles en reseau lorsqu'ils reposent sur une architecture Ethernet commutee. Les travaux se sont focalises sur l'adaptation de la theorie du calcul reseau a ce type d'environnement. Dans ce cadre, cette these developpe la modelisation d'un commutateur IEEE 802.1D ainsi qu'une methode de calcul des delais de bout en bout basee sur l'augmentation du volume des rafales. Plusieurs experimentations reelles ont permis de valider l'efficacite des bornes obtenues par calcul. Outre l'evaluation de performances, ces travaux s'interessent egalement a la Classification de Service (IEEE 802.1D/p) et a l'optimisation de l'ordonnancement des trames sur Ethernet. Cette these montre enfin comment une methode d'evaluation de performances peut etre utilisee pour dimensionner et optimiser la conception d'architectures Ethernet commutees.
Mating interactions between Schistosoma mansoni and S. margrebowiei

Previous studies of mating interactions between schistosome species from different evolutionary lineages in mice showed that mating is not random: heterospecific pairs form but, given the choice, the preference is for homospecific partners. Mating competition and change of mate were also demonstrated. Schistosoma mansoni is a medically important parasite of humans belonging to a different evolutionary group from S. margrebowiei, a parasite of bovines of veterinary importance. Experiments were designed to investigate the mating behaviour of these two species in mice. Analysis of the data showed a preponderance of intraspecific pairs over interspecific, demonstrating a specific mate preference system for both species. The existence of mating competition between these species was indicated. Males of both species were able to actively compete for paired females by pulling them away from their partners, thus effecting a change of mate. Overall, neither species appeared to be competitively dominant to the other, and the data suggest that where this is the case in sequential infections, the most successful species in terms of worm return and ability to form pairs will be the first species to infect the host.
Social Norms, Institutions and Macroeconomic Policies

The theme of this paper came out as an effort to understand the difference in economic policy strategies on both sides of the Atlantic. Why since at least two decades macroeconomic policies have been so active in the US and so passive in Europe? Why does governments in Europe accepts rather passively a persistent high level of unemployment? What explains their apparent resignation to a slow growth trend? Is there a fundamental difference in institutions, that can explain such a prolonged difference in growth performances? My answer to these questions has varied through time.
Plasticity of 5‐HT2A Serotonin Receptor in Patients With Analgesic‐Induced Transformed Migraine

Chronic drug exposure can induce a significant change in neurotransmitter receptor systems and is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of drug‐induced neurological disorders. Abuse of analgesics is known to induce deterioration in headache status in patients with primary headaches, especially migraine. To assess the possibility of 5‐HT2A serotonin receptor plasticity in this condition, we investigated receptor binding on the platelet membrane in patients with analgesic‐induced transformed migraine, patients with migraine, and nonheadache controls. Various concentrations of [3H]‐spiperone (0.4 to 12 nmol) was used as a radioligand, and ketanserin was used to determine nonspecific binding. A lower maximal number of receptors (Bmax) was observed in patients with migraine as compared to patients with transformed migraine, and controls (467 ± 58, 708 ± 36, and 786 ± 64 fmol/mg protein, respectively, P<0.01); whereas the value of the dissociation equilibrium constant (Kd) remained unchanged (1.72 ± 0.16, 1.41 ± 0.13, and 1.25 ± 0.21 nmol for patients with migraine, patients with transformed migraine, and nonheadache controls, respectively). A significant decrease in Bmax value was observed in patients with transformed migraine after 4 weeks of analgesic withdrawal (770 ± 25 and 345 ± 31 fmol/mg protein, P<0.001), whilst no significant change in Kd value was observed (1.95 ± 0.12 and 2.47 ± 0.30 nmol, respectively). These findings indicate that 5‐HT2A serotonin receptor system is altered in patients with transformed migraine with analgesic overuse. Such receptor plasticity may be an important step in the pathogenic mechanism of transformed migraine.
Aktienrenditen und makroökonomische Risikoprämien: Eine empirische Untersuchung für den deutschen Kapitalmarkt

In dieser Studie werden makroökonomische Faktoren, die dazu geeignet sind, die erwarteten Aktienrenditen am deutschen Kapitalmarkt im Zeitraum von 1974 bis 2002 zu erklären, identifiziert und analysiert. Dazu werden die Risikoprämien zunächst mit einem statischen Modellansatz über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum geschätzt. Dabei ergeben sich nur wenige Hinweise auf signifikante Risikoprämien. Dagegen kann auf Basis von gleitenden Schätzungen ein bedeutender Anteil signifikanter Risikoprämien im Zeitablauf dokumentiert werden. Insbesondere für drei makroökonomische Faktoren ergeben sich plausible Ausprägungen der Risikoprämien im Zeitablauf. Auch kann für die meisten Risikoprämien ein substantieller Beitrag zur Erklärung der erwarteten Rendite aufgezeigt werden. Dagegen weisen die Risikoprämien für den Residualmarktfaktor nur einen geringen Anteil signifikanter Schätzer auf. Dieses Ergebnis kann als Hinweis darauf interpretiert werden, dass die makroökonomischen Faktoren für die Erwartungsbildung am Aktienmarkt eine vorrangige Bedeutung haben und dadurch den Marktfaktor substituieren. Die Bedeutung und die Vorzeichen der Risikoprämien sind im Zeitablauf Schwankungen unterworfen, jedoch ist die Mehrzahl der Ausprägungen ökonomisch plausibel und kongruent mit den Ergebnissen aus anderen empirischen Untersuchungen. Zusätzlich zeigt sich, dass die Ergebnisse von der verwendeten Methode zur Erwartungsspezifikation abhängen. In diesem Zusammenhang kommen die Risikoprämienschätzungen auf Basis des VARund der ARIMA-Modelle jedoch zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen. Inhaltsübersicht
Limitation of Bacterial Growth by Dissolved Organic Matter and Iron in the Southern Ocean

ABSTRACT The importance of resource limitation in controlling bacterial growth in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region of the Southern Ocean was experimentally determined during February and March 1998. Organic- and inorganic-nutrient enrichment experiments were performed between 42°S and 55°S along 141°E. Bacterial abundance, mean cell volume, and [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine incorporation were measured during 4- to 5-day incubations. Bacterial biomass, production, and rates of growth all responded to organic enrichments in three of the four experiments. These results indicate that bacterial growth was constrained primarily by the availability of dissolved organic matter. Bacterial growth in the subtropical front, subantarctic zone, and subantarctic front responded most favorably to additions of dissolved free amino acids or glucose plus ammonium. Bacterial growth in these regions may be limited by input of both organic matter and reduced nitrogen. Unlike similar experimental results in other HNLC regions (subarctic and equatorial Pacific), growth stimulation of bacteria in the Southern Ocean resulted in significant biomass accumulation, apparently by stimulating bacterial growth in excess of removal processes. Bacterial growth was relatively unchanged by additions of iron alone; however, additions of glucose plus iron resulted in substantial increases in rates of bacterial growth and biomass accumulation. These results imply that bacterial growth efficiency and nitrogen utilization may be partly constrained by iron availability in the HNLC Southern Ocean.