Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy Assessment of Different GNSS Processing Software

This study investigate the accuracy of different free online GNSS processing software OPUS, AUSPOS, and CSRS-PPP, and offline software, of small scale geodetic network utilizing different Global Navigation Satellite System observations (GNSS) techniques such as static, precise point positioning, and rapid static, for different surveying applications. A series of field observations were carried out to indicate accuracy of the different GNSS processing software, with various of GNSS observations modes also, with varies observation periods time where, the observation time divided into (2,4,6,8, and 10hr) for processing online and 10 min for processing offline using practical software. It is importance to studying the characteristics of online GNSS processing services and the suitably for different GNSS applications. These online services OPUS, AUSPOS, and CSRS-PPP were used in this study. The case study area located at Middle Technical University, Al-Zafaraniyah campus, with five points was selected on the roofs of building. The aim of this study is to evaluate accuracy three free processing software available online, OPUS, AUSPOS, and CSRS-PPP, as well as LGO v8.3 Offline commercial processing software. In order to carry out this evaluation, the unknown points were observed by using field surveying (traditional Surveying), where the total station instrument was used was to establish a closed traverse. In case of using the OPUS and AUSPOS for processing GNSS data which, employ relative positioning technique, at least two receivers (or more) are required to determine the unknown positions, while in CSRS-PPP use precise point positioning technique, one receiver would be enough without depending on base station. The obtained results through comparison and analysis show that AUSPOS processing services accuracy are regular with the observation period when, the observations time longer the accuracy increase because of the network of IGS stations which consists of 12 stations is used for the processing as each time to this study. In general, the use of online processing services is easy; economic; simple and practical without needed to large field survey team and processing with available software. The difference of Rapid Static (RS) techniques which are used commercial or practical software for processing GNSS data LGO v8.3, comparing with traditional surveying (total station) is at millimeter level.
Transfer of choice model benefits: a case study of stream mitigation

4 1. THE PROBLEM 5 DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS ON WATERWAYS 5 MITIGATION 5 2. THE CHOICE MODEL 6 SALIENT ATTRIBUTE IDENTIFICATION 6 CHOICE MODEL DESIGN 7 DATA COLLECTION 9 SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS 10 3. RESULTS 10 UNDERSTANDING 13 4. BENEFIT TRANSFER 14 TRANSFERRING THE AUCKLAND BENEFIT ESTIMATES 15 POINT BENEFIT TRANSFERS 16 BENEFIT FUNCTION TRANSFERS 16 POOLED MODELS 18 Test 1 18 Test 2: 18 5. CONCLUSIONS 22 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 23 REFERENCES 24
Life-time growth patterns of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus introduced to Europe, relative to native North American populations

A b s t r a c t . The pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, an omnivorous, nest guarding North American sunfish, was introduced into European waters about 100 years ago. To assess growth performance following introduction, we reviewed the available data for North American and European populations of pumpkinseed and compared the back-calculated age-specific growth for juveniles (standard length, SL, at age two) and adults (age two to five increment) as well as adult body size (SL at age five), von Bertalanffy growth model parameters and the index of growth (in length) performance (φ′). For continental comparisons of growth trajectory, mean growth curves for North American and Europe were calculated with the von Bertalanffy model using pooled data sets for each continent. Juvenile growth rate did not differ between European and North American pumpkinseed, but mean adult body size and adult growth rate were both significantly greater in North American than European populations. Adult body size decreased with increasing latitude (ANOVA) in North American populations, but this was not observed with adult growth rate. In contrast, adult body size tended to increase with latitude in European populations. Adult body size correlated significantly with φ′. The von Bertalanffy model described the overall growth patterns of North American and European populations reasonably well, but on the individual population level, length asymptotes were unrealistic (estimates that were > 20 % of the mean back-calculated size for the oldest age class) for a third of European populations and 80% of the North American populations. In contrast to North American pumpkinseed populations, somatic growth in European populations appears to be compromised by limited, but adequate, food resources, probably due to strong intraspecific interactions. This appears to be especially acute in adults, having potential ramifications for life span and reproductive allocation.
Development of Methods of Teaching Science at Elementary Schools in Japan

Abstract In science teaching at Japanese elementary schools, a problem-solving approach by way of discovery has been used since 1967. In this approach, the objective is to foster scientific ability by allowing pupils to find laws through experiments and observations. The emphasis is placed on encouraging pupils to induce by themselves based on facts they have found. As a result, “teaching” and “explaining” are underestimated. However, according to the Course of Study revised in March 2008 (and currently in effect), acquisition of fundamental/basic knowledge and skills has been added to the objectives. It was indicated that the verbal activity, such as explanation by means of inductive and deductive ways of thinking is important. Here, the importance of “deductive approach” and “explaining” were noted. Japanese science education was changed significantly. The purpose of this review is to clarify the process of how this new method of “explaining” has been introduced. To that end, firstly an overview of the transition of science education methods in Japan after the World War II up to present is given. Secondly, the new research trend of meaningful reception learning, which is the background of the revision in 2008 is clarified. Finally, the teaching method applying this approach is explained, using the example of a lesson concerning “flower structure”. Keywords: Deductive thinking, Discovery learning, Japanese science education, Reception learning
Vacuum Induction Melting of Ternary NiTiX (X=Cu, Fe, Hf, Zr) Shape Memory Alloys Using Graphite Crucibles

In the present study we investigate vacuum induction melting (VIM) of prominent ternary NiTiX (X ¼ Cu, Fe, Hf, Zr) shape memory alloys using graphite crucibles. We apply a melting procedure which was recently developed for binary NiTi alloys and which keeps the carbon pick-up during melting at a minimum. We investigate the microstructures of the as-cast and homogenized alloys using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to study the phase transformation temperatures of the as-cast and homogenized materials. The results show that VIM processing in graphite crucibles provides ternary NiTiX shape memory alloys with good chemical homogeneity and acceptable impurity contents.
A Tale of Two Mechanisms: Student Placement

Abstract A new class of matching problems that models centralized college admissions via standardized tests is presented. The allocation mechanism that is used in real-life applications of this problem in Turkey is analyzed. It is shown that this mechanism, multi-category serial dictatorship, has a number of serious deficiencies, most notably inefficiency, vulnerability to manipulation, and the potential of penalizing students for improved test scores. Exploiting the relation between this class of problems and the celebrated college admissions model (Gale & Shapley [4]), an alternative mechanism is proposed that overcomes these deficiencies. This mechanism—the Gale–Shapley student optimal mechanism—is characterized as “best” in this context.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C71, C78, D71, D78.
Conceptualisation of Digital Traces for the Identification of Informal Networks in Enterprise Social Networks

Organisations can be understood as organisms exhibiting a formal structure formalised by the “org chart”, and informal structures of emerging networks between employees. The increasing use of Enterprise Social Networks (ESN) provides mangers and researchers with new opportunities to uncover formal and informal structures. Yet, it remains underexplored what exactly constitutes relationship structures in ESN. We employ the notion of ‘digital traces’, stored as user-generated data on the ESN and set out to explore ways for conceptualising relations as the basis for network constitution and visualisation. We illustrate our approach with a case study of an ESN and demonstrate how resulting networks vary significantly depending on the digital traces employed.
Magnetic excitations in the geometric frustrated multiferroic CuCrO2

In this paper detailed neutron scattering measurements of the magnetic excitation spectrum of \CCO\ in the ordered state below $$T_{\rm{N1}}=24.2$$~K are presented. The spectra are analyzed using a model Hamiltonian which includes intralayer-exchange up to the next-next-nearest neighbor and interlayer-exchange. We obtain a definite parameter set and show that exchange interaction terms beyond the next-nearest neighbor are important to describe the inelastic excitation spectrum. The magnetic ground state structure generated with our parameter set is in agreement with the structure proposed for \CCO\ from the results of single crystal diffraction experiments previously published. We argue that the role of the interlayer exchange is crucial to understand the incommensurability of the magnetic structure as well as the spin-charge coupling mechanism.
Impact of umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) on hepatic marker enzymes in streptozotocin diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is by far the most common of endocrine disorders and a major threat to health care, worldwide. The increase of free radical mediated-toxicity is well documented in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The liver is the main effector organ for maintaining plasma glucose levels within narrow limits. Hyperglycemia can generate a redox imbalance inside the cells, especially in the liver. A model antidiabetic drug should possess both hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties, without any adverse effects. Plant drugs are frequently considered to be less toxic than synthetic ones. Plant derived phenolic coumarins might play a role as dietary antioxidants because of their presence in the human diet, especially in fruits and vegetables. Umbelliferone (UMB, 7-hydroxycoumarin), a benzopyrone in nature, is a derivative of coumarin. Our previous studies have shown that UMB had both antihyperglycemic and antioxidant properties in diabetic rats. The objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of UMB on serum hepatic marker enzymes, total protein, liver weight and glycogen content in STZ-diabetic rats. The structure of UMB is depicted below.
“The Personal Plan is Just as Important as the Business Plan”: A Feminist Social Constructivist-Rationalist Choice Approach to Female Entrepreneurship

162 volume 3, number 1 Dowding, Jurgen De Wispelaere and Stuart White. London: Palgrave, 2003. 114-149. Schram, Sanford. Welfare Discipline: Discourse, Governance, and Globalization. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2006. Smith, Anna-Marie. “Should Liberal Feminists Support ‘Paternafare’ and Welfare Reform? A Capabilities-Oriented Analysis. ” Gender and Politics 6 (2) (2010): 247-269. Thompson, Michael. “The World According to David Harvey. ” Democratiya 3 (2005): 22-27. Toleman, Richard and Jody Raphael. “A Review of Research on Welfare and Domestic Violence. ” Journal of Social Issues 56 (12) (2000): 655-82. Turetsky, Vicky. Child Support Trends. Washington, dc, Center Law and Social Policy, 2003. Turetsky, Vicky. Staying in Jobs and Out of the Underground: Child Support Policies That Encourage Legitimate Work. Washington, dc, Center for Law and Social Policy, 2007. Wilson, Carter A. Public Policy: Continuity & Change. New York: McGraw Hill, 2006. The purpose of this paper is to explore the nexus between gender, culture and entrepreneurship among female entrepreneurs in Trinidad and Tobago. The paper thus utilizes a phenomenological approach in order to unearth the meanings that these women attach to their experiences of microenterprise. Through the use of purposive and snowballing sampling techniques, the researcher interviewed seven female entrepreneurs within various industries in Trinidad and Tobago. One inherent limitation of this sampling design is that the study did not integrate the perspectives of lenders and does not compare the findings of this study to the perspectives of men, to engage in any comparative analysis. The findings suggest that in negotiating their expectations of family, motherhood and entrepreneurship, these women make conscious choices that allow for some balance in the performances related to their dual roles. The paper therefore makes a case for the theoretical relevance of feminist constructivist and rational choice theory in the understanding of the perceptions and challenges that female entrepreneurs face in their experiences of negotiating family and work. These findings have far reaching implications for public policy in so far as it directs a particular focus and revisiting of the socio-cultural and structural concerns that affect the perceptions, experiences of female entrepreneurs as well as the processes that affect their economic integration and contribution to national development.
VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT: A REVIEW

Bioavailability is defined as the rate and extent (amount) of absorption of unchanged drug from its dosage form. It is one of the important parameters which are required to achieve optimal concentration of drug in systemic circulation to show a pharmacological response. A drug which has poor bioavailability shows poor aqueous solubility, slow dissolution rate, poor stability of dissolved drug at physiological pH, poor permeation through biological membrane, extensive first pass metabolism. Drugs which are poorly water soluble require high doses to obtain therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration of drugs. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new drugs. Any drug to be absorbed must be present in the form of an aqueous solution at the site of absorption. This review deals with various techniques used for the improvement of the Bioavailability of drugs. The various techniques used are size reduction, solubilising excipients, colloidal drug delivery systems, pH adjustment, solid dispersion, complexation, co‐solvency, micellar solubilisation, hydrotropy etc. The article describes about various techniques which can be utilized to enhance bioavailability of drugs enhancement for their effective absorption in the body
The coexistence of controlling and other management methods

The aim of the article was the analysis of the relations of the coexistence of Controlling and other management methods (Benchmarking, BPM, BPR, BSC, Competency-based Management, CRM, ERP, KM, LM, Outsourcing, Six Sigma, TQM). The complexity and dynamics of modern management systems in fact determine the simultaneous and sequential application of many concepts and methods of management. Controlling is a comprehensive method of interdisciplinary character which is the integrating plane for many methods and techniques. The coexistence of Controlling with other management methods depends on the type of relationship between Controlling and these methods. In the main, however, the coexistence should be beneficial for an organisation. The theoretical views on the relations of Controlling and other methods have thus been empirically verified in the analysis of differences in the assessment of a number of effects of using the selected management methods in pairs with Controlling as well as separately (business, efficiency, management, social and environmental effects) were investigated. One-Way ANOVA was used for a sample of 167 Polish organizations.
Metal Oxide Sensor for Petroleum Industry Applications

The primary stimulus on semiconductor gas sensors was given by Heiland [1], Bielanski et al. [2], and Seiyama et al. [3] and the important step was taken when Taguchi developed semiconductor sensors based on metal oxides as an industrial product (Taguchi-type sensors) [4]. Metal oxide based gas sensors attained tremendous interests since the first discovery in 1962 by Seiyama et al. [4] and Taguchi [5]. In semiconductor based gas sensors, atoms and molecules interacting with semiconductor surfaces influence surface properties of semiconductors, such as conductivity and surface potential [6-12]. Depending upon the nature of gases (oxidising or reducing) and type of materials (p-type or n-type semiconductor) electrical resistance either decrease or increase and recorded accordingly.
The role of Ca 2+ and K + in the regulatory volume decrease mechanism of Alligator mississippiensis erythrocytes

All cells need to maintain a state of homeostasis in order to perform the functions necessary to sustain life. Osmotic homeostasis is especially important in animal cells because they lack a cell wall and are often faced with water flux across the plasma membrane. When placed in a dilute (hypotonic) solution, cells swell. In order to return to their homeostatic volume, they initiate a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) response that results in selective loss of osmolytes and water (O’Connor and Kimelberg, 1993). Although volume regulation is an essential property of animal cells, the underlying mechanisms of RVD, including the signal transduction pathways involved with this process, are not well understood and appear to vary between species and even between cell types within an organism (Basavappa et al., 1998, Okada, 2004). My study focused on the specific RVD signaling pathways in Alligator mississippiensis erythrocytes. Cells were subjected to a hypotonic shock (0.5X Ringer), and thereafter volume recovery was measured electronically over 40 minutes. Extracellular calcium (Ca 2+ e) was found to play an important role in RVD, because volume recovery was inhibited when this ion was buffered to 10 or 1000 nM with EGTA. It also was determined that Ca 2+ likely entered the cell through an ATP-gated purinoreceptor (hexokinase, an ATP scavenger, inhibited RVD), thereby leading to K + efflux through a quinine-sensitive channel. In addition, studies with gramicidin showed that the efflux of K + was a rate limiting step during volume recovery. Furthermore, a fluorescence microscopy protocol using a Ca 2+ -specific probe (fluo-4, AM) was investigated as a potential protocol for qualitatively examining levels of intracellular calcium during RVD.
Occurrence of glaucophane and crossite in eclogites of the Seve Nappes, southern Norrbotten Caledonides, Sweden

The alkali amphiboles glaucophane and crossite have been identified in metabasic lenses within quartzitic and calcareous schists and calcite marble (Pieske limestone) in the uppermost part of the Seve Nappes (Upper Allochthon), southern Norrbotten, Sweden. During regional prograde metamorphism, these metabasites transforrned from epidote amphibolite (M1) to quartz-zoisite eclogite (M2a); metamorphic conditions of eclogite forrnation are estimated to be T= 610±90°C and P m;n = 14.9 ± 1.5kb, i.e. similar to the conditions reported for eclogites in the Eastern Seve Belt in the Vasterbotten Caledonides further south. Retrogression of the eclogites occurred in two stages along a steep P-T trajectory and under hydrous conditions. An early stage (M2b), preceded by deformation of the eclogite assemblage, is characterized by the growth of sodic-calcic amphibole (barroisite) porphyroblasts; the glaucophane and crossite are also inferred to have grown during this stage. Subsequent retrogression (M3) is characterized by the onset of greenschist facies conditions. The occurrence of glaucophane and crossite confirms the presence of high-pressure metamorphism under conditions of a low geotherrnal gradient in the rocks forming the outermost part of the Baltoscandian miogeocline.
Phonological Processes in Malayalam Speaking 3-4 Year Old Urban and Rural Children

Most of the Indian population resides not in urban, but in rural areas with living conditions and facilities being very much different from the urban conditions. Hence, the present study focusses on comparing the phonological processes across urban and rural in the Malayalam speaking children of India. Thirty typically developing children, age ranging from 3-4 years participated in the study. The speech sample (minimum 50 utterances) was recorded from each child in a quiet room at home or school environment and recorded using PRAAT software. The result of the present study was that rural children exhibit more phonological processes than urban
Nutritional Status Improvement in Malnourished Rat (Rattus norvegicus) after Seluang Fish (Rasbora spp.) Treatment

Prevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia is still high although it has some potential source of nutrients. Seluang fish (Rasbora spp.) is a river fish consumed by the people of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study analyzed the improvement of nutritional status in the malnourished rats after treatment with Seluang Fish. The study used malnourished white rats (Rattus norvegicus) using a low protein and fat diet for 8 weeks. The rats were divided into three groups; malnourished group (M) without other dietary treatment, standard diet (P1) and seluang diet (P2) for a period of four weeks. The malnourished group was sacrificed first, and after four weeks treatment, other groups were sacrificed; blood and bones were taken for weight, protein levels, hemoglobin levels, bone length, bone calcium levels and IGF-1 levels. The results showed that the average of body weight for all the studied groups ranged between 190 to 220g. Seluang diet had the highest serum protein levels (4.388 mg/dL), hemoglobin (19.7 mg/dL) and IGF levels (388.7 ng/mL). Standard diet had the longest bone length (3.547 cm) and the highest Calcium levels of 1.68 mg/g. Based on these results, it was concluded that Seluang fish may have the potential to improve the nutritional status of malnourished rats. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal Website:www.foodandnutritionjournal. org ISSN: 2347-467X, Vol. 06, No. (1) 2018, Pg. 127-134 CoNTaCT Triawanti tria_fkunlam@yahoo.co.id Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat
On asymptotic behavior of composite integers n = pq

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the number of composite integers written by products of two primes. Such integers are sometimes called by the RSA integers, because these are used in the RSA cryptosystems. The number of all such integers has been already studied by Landau, Sathe, Selberg etc. Furthermore, the number of integers with n = pq and p 1 was recently studied by Decker and Moree. The aim of this paper is to extend Decker-Moree's result, and the main theorem describes the asymptotic formula of the number of integers with p < q < f (p) for a fixed increasing function f .