Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactive Event Recognition in Video

In this paper, we propose a multi-modal decision-level fusion framework to recognize events in videos. The main parts of the proposed framework are ontology based event definition, structural video decomposition, temporal rule discovery and event classification. Various decision sources such as audio continuity, content similarity, and shot sequence characteristics together with visual video feature sets are combined with event descriptors during decision-level fusion. The method is considered to be interactive because of the user directed ontology connection and temporal rule extraction strategies. It enables users to integrate available ontologies such as Image Net and Word Net while defining new event types. Temporal rules are discovered by association rule mining. In the proposed approach, computationally I/O intensive requirements of the association rule mining is reduced by one-pass frequent item set extractor and the proposed rule definition strategy. Accuracy of the proposed methodology is evaluated by employing TRECVid 2007 high level feature detection data set by comparing the results with C4.5 decision tree, SVM classifiers and Multiple Correspondence Analysis.
MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK regulate chondrogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through delicate interaction with TGF‐β1/Smads pathway

Objectives: This study was carried out to reveal functions and mechanisms of MEK/ERK and p38 pathways in chondrogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and to investigate further any interactions between the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smads pathway in the process.
Limitations to exercise capacity and endurance: pulmonary system.

The response of the pulmonary system to exercise is well-documented to be quite precise in its homeostatic regulation, highly efficient in terms of its physiologic cost, and operating well within its maximum reserves. Two exceptions to these generalizations are documented here in the highly-trained athlete: 1) the arterial hypoxemia observed in short-term work at a VO2 greater than 4-5 l . min-1, and 2) the tachypneic hyperventilation of long-term, heavy exercise in varying environmental conditions. The potential causes and consequences of these responses are discussed with reference to so-called exercise "limitations". The trained state as a cause of pulmonary limitations is emphasized.
Comparison of cell selection methods for modular multilevel converters

The modular multilevel-based power converters (MMC) are very interesting solutions for high power transmission over large distances. The modularity of the converter is achieved by cascading individual and low voltage rated power converters in series, until the stack built can withstand the required dc voltage. Due to the large number of those individual components in real VSC-HVdc applications, the proper management of their states become a crucial agent when the converter efficiency is discussed. This work analyses several algorithms that are present in the literature, in what concerns the average switching frequency, magnitude of the capacitor's voltage ripple and complexity of the implementation. The converter simulation over a broad range of operating conditions is presented and discussed.
Localized Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Intermediates Inhibit Escape of Listeria monocytogenes from Vacuoles in Activated Macrophages 1

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) evades being killed after phagocytosis by macrophages by escaping from vacuoles into cytoplasm. Activated macrophages are listericidal, in part because they can retain Lm in vacuoles. This study examined the contribution of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) to the inhibition of Lm escape from vacuoles. Lm escaped from vacuoles of nonactivated macrophages within 30 min of infection. Macrophages activated with IFN-γ, LPS, IL-6, and a neutralizing Ab against IL-10 retained Lm within the vacuoles, and inhibitors of ROI and RNI blocked inhibition of vacuolar escape to varying degrees. Measurements of Lm escape in macrophages from gp91phox−/− and NO synthase 2−/− mice showed that vacuolar retention required ROI and was augmented by RNI. Live cell imaging with the fluorogenic probe dihydro-2′,4,5,6,7,7′-hexafluorofluorescein coupled to BSA (DHFF-BSA) indicated that oxidative chemistries were generated rapidly and were localized to Lm vacuoles. Chemistries that oxidized DHFF-BSA were similar to those that retained Lm in phagosomes. Fluorescent conversion of DHFF-BSA occurred more efficiently in smaller vacuoles, indicating that higher concentrations of ROI or RNI were generated in more confining volumes. Thus, activated macrophages retained Lm within phagosomes by the localization of ROI and RNI to vacuoles, and by their combined actions in a small space
Dual-color labeled anti-mucin 1 antibody for imaging of ovarian cancer: A preliminary animal study

To investigate the feasibility of the anti-mucin 1 (anti-MUC1/CD227) antibody in the fluorescent imaging of ovarian cancer, the CD227 antibody and a control IgG antibody were labeled with a near-infrared dye [Cy5.5-N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)] and a green dye (fluorescein-NHS). In vivo fluorescence images were obtained at 4, 12 and 36 h after injection of the probes into OVCAR3 tumor-bearing mice. The tumor to background ratios were calculated for both probes. Ex vivo fluorescence images were obtained following sacrifice at 36 h. After conjugation to Cy5.5 and fluorescein, the dual-color labeled CD227 probe (Ab-FL-Cy5.5) could be visualized by both green and near-infrared fluorescence. Uptake by the tumors was higher for the Ab-FL-Cy5.5 than for the IgG-Cy5.5 probe. All tumors could be visualized by in vivo imaging with an acceptable tumor to background ratio. Ex vivo studies demonstrated the advantages of using green fluorescence imaging to guide the resection of tumor tissues. These preliminary data indicate that the Ab-FL-Cy5.5 probe is promising for further tumor imaging applications and clinical translation.
Binary Tomography Reconstruction with Stochastic Diffusion Based on Level-set and Total Variation Regularization

In this work, we address the problem of the reconstruction of binary images from a small number of noisy tomographic projections. Recently, a new stochastic level-set approach was investigated to refine the reconstruction. The main limitation of this method is that it is only changing the boundaries of the reconstructed regions. In this work, we study a new stochastic approach based on Total Variation (TV) regularization with box constraints. The main advantage of this method is that random shape and boundaries variations can be included in a new way and that topology changes can be also added. The methods are tested on two complex bone micro-CT cross-section images for different noise levels and number of projections. While for the higher noise levels, the best reconstructions are obtained with a stochastic diffusion based on the Total Variation regularization, large decreases of the reconstruction errors are obtained when shape and topology noises are used simultaneously.
Structured Learning for A Prediction-based Perceptual System of Partner Robots

This paper discusses structured learning for the prediction-based control of perceptual modules of partner robots. A partner robot should classify and predict human behavior patterns to control perceptual modules for natural communication with a human. Therefore we proposed a prediction-based perceptual system. The proposed system has three main functions; (1) the clustering of perceptual information (the extraction of spatial patterns), (2) the prediction of transition among the clusters (the extraction of temporal patterns), and (3) selection of perceptual modules (the control of sampling intervals). Finally, we show experimental results on the interaction with a human to discuss the effectiveness of our proposed method.
An improvement to generalized-minimum-distance decoding

A novel acceptance criterion that is less stringent than previous criteria is developed. The criterion accepts the codeword that is closest to the received vector for many cases where previous criteria fail to accept any codeword. As a result, the performance of generalized minimum distance (GMD) decoding is better if the new criterion is used. For M-ary signaling, the weights used in GMD decoding are generalized to permit each of the possible M symbol values to have a different weight. >
Plasma Walls Beyond the Perfect Absorber Approximation for Electrons

Plasma walls accumulate electrons more efficiently than ions, leading to wall potentials which are negative with respect to the plasma potential. Theoretically, walls are usually treated as perfect absorber for electrons and ions, implying perfect sticking of the particles to the wall and infinitely long desorption times for particles stuck to the wall. For electrons, we question the perfect absorber model and calculate, specifically for a planar dielectric wall, the electron sticking coefficient s<sub>e</sub> and the electron desorption time τ<sub>e</sub>. For the uncharged wall, we find s<sub>e</sub> ≪ 1 and τ<sub>e</sub>≈ 10<sup>-4</sup> s. Thus, in the early stage of the build-up of the wall potential, when the wall is essentially uncharged, the wall is not a perfect absorber for electrons. For the charged wall, we find τ<sub>e</sub><sup>-1</sup>≈ 0. Thus, τ<sub>e</sub> approaches the perfect absorber value. But s<sub>e</sub> is still only of the order of 10<sup>-1</sup>. Calculating s<sub>e</sub> as a function of the wall potential and combining this expression with the quasi-stationary balance equations for the electron and ion surface densities, we find the self-consistent wall potential, including surface effects, to be 30% of the perfect absorber value.
Coma Duration Prediction in Diffuse Axonal Injury: Analyses of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Clinical Prognostic Factors

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the hypothesis that the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values combined with initial clinical factors indicates the depth of shearing lesions in the brain structure and therefore relates to coma duration of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Seventy-four adult patients (48 male and 26 female patients) with diffuse axonal injury were examined with convention MR imaging and diffusion weighted MR imaging between 2 hours and 20 days after injury. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were obtained and the mean ADC values of each Region of Interest (ROI) were measured using MRI console software. The lesions involvement of brainstem, deep gray matter, and corpus callosum were determined for each sequence separately as well as for the combination of all sequences. The correlations between magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of presence of apparent brain injury combined with initial clinical factors were investigated. Clinical characteristics, such as initial score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), age, and the number of all lesions, ADC scores of the patient in MR findings were predictive of the duration of coma. Post-traumatic coma duration of DAI could be predicted by cerebral MRI findings in the acute to subacute stage after head injury combined with clinical prognostic factors. Age, ADC scores, GCS, number of lesions are highly significant in predicting coma duration. The technique presented herein might provide a tool for in vivo detection of DAI for the coma duration at the early stages in patients with traumatic brain injury
Impact of Malnutrition and Smoking Habits of Parents on ARI

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the leading common causes of death in young children in Bangladesh. Three hundred fifty one patients of ARI below five years of age are selected as per WHO guidelines. Out of 351 patients, one patient died due to very severe pneumonia with severe malnutrition. There was male preponderance in all the age groups and also 41% of male children had recurrent attacks of ARI. In this study, it was statistically proved that malnutrition (p=Q.00028) and smoking habits of parents (p=0.04054) had significant important risk factors on recurrent attacks of ARI. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/taj.v14i2. 8390 TAJ 2001; 14(2): 74-77
Tropical Cyclone Outflow-Layer Structure and Balanced Response to Eddy Forcings

AbstractThe ERA-Interim is used to generate azimuthally averaged composites of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones from 1979 to 2014. Both the mean state and the eddy forcing terms exhibited similar radial–vertical structure for all storm intensities, varying only in magnitude. Thus, only major hurricanes are described in detail. Radial inflow and outflow extended beyond the 2000-km radius. Warm anomalies reached 2000 km in the outflow layer. Composite eddy momentum fluxes within the outflow layer were 2.5 times larger than mean momentum fluxes, highlighting the importance of outflow–environment interactions. A balanced vortex equation was applied to understand the role of eddy heat and momentum fluxes. Dominant terms were the lateral eddy heat flux convergence, lateral eddy momentum flux, and eddy Coriolis torque. Each acted to enhance the secondary circulation. The eddy momentum flux terms produced about twice the response of heat flux terms. The circulation created by the eddy Coriolis torque arises from .
Active learning for multimedia

Active learning improves the performance of classification or search systems by adding humans to the loop. It aims at optimizing the production of the class labels that are necessary for supervised learning. The proposed tutorial responds to a strong need for the integration of this technique in multimedia indexing and retrieval systems. It presents the basics of active learning and gives the necessary information for quickly and efficiently integrating it within a project. Several applications are considered, from relevance feedback to corpus annotation. Most illustrations are given in the context of the NIST benchmarks on video indexing and retrieval (TRECVID).
Conditional-Sum Addition Logic

Conditional-sum addition is a new mechanism for parallel, high-speed addition of digitally-represented numbers. Its design is based on the computation of ``conditional'' sums and carries that result from the assumption of all the possible distributions of carries for various groups of columns. A rapid-sequence mode of operation provides an addition rate that is invariant with the lengths of the summands. Another advantage is the possibility of realizing the adder with ``integrated devices'' or ``modules. '' The logic of conditional-sum addition is applicable to all positive radices, as well as to multisummand operation. In a companion paper, a comparison of several adders shows that, within a set of stated assumptions, conditional-sum addition is superior in certain respects, including processing speed.
Artificial neural network based real time speed control of a linear tubular permanent magnet direct current motor

This paper presents a real-time speed control for a linear tubular permanent magnet direct current motor (LTPMDCM) by using artificial neural network (ANN). Firstly, a novel form of LTPMDCM prototype has been developed for linear motions. Then, a low cost motor drive has designed for expected rapid response and precise position control. Software developed in MATLAB environment is used for speed control. Through this software, real-time speed control of the motor with ANN has been performed. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is verified by experimental results and presented.
Performance Analysis of GALS Datalink Based on Pausible Clocking

In this paper we present the performance analysis of point-to-point GALS data links based on pausible clocking. The average synchronization latency and data throughput in the burst-mode communication are analytically addressed, taking the I/O port interconnect delay and the clock-tree propagation delay into account. The upper bounds for the throughput-tolerant clock tree and interconnect delays are derived. As an example, based on the pausible clocking scheme, a GALS OFDM base band transmitter, named Moon rake, was designed. Comprehensive simulations were carried out to evaluate and optimize the performance of GALS system with regards to different I/O port behaviors as well as interconnect and clock-tree delays.
Numerical study on hollow hexagonal InGaAs microdisk laser on silicon

We propose and numerically investigate a novel hollow hexagonal InGaAs microdisk laser on a silicon substrate, which can be fabricated by the micro-channel selective-area (MC-SA) MOVPE growth technique. By simply introducing an etched hole with a suitable radius at the center of the hexagonal microdisk, quasi-whispering-gallery modes emerge and the cavity Q factor improves drastically from 371 to 3574 with a disk size of less than 20 μm2. Having full compatibility with the MC-SA MOVPE method, the presented scheme could be an attractive approach toward the monolithic integration of InGaAs disk lasers on silicon platforms.
Baseline and stimulated ANF plasma levels: is an impaired stimulus-response coupling diagnostically meaningful?

Plasma levels of ANF were determined and chromatographically analysed in normotensive controls, cirrhotic patients with and without ascites, hypertensive patients, patients with congestive heart failure and heart transplant recipients. A comparison of baseline plasma levels allowed for the conclusion that cirrhotic patients do not differ in this regard from control subjects (9.0 +/- 1.3, n = 41 vs. 9.6 +/- 1,0 fmol/ml, n = 51). Cirrhotic patients with ascites do not have lower plasma levels than cirrhotic patients without ascites (8.8 +/- 1.4, n = 8 vs 8.6 +/- 1.5 fmol/ml, n = 10). Stimulation of the ANF-system by head-out water immersion, however, revealed an impaired increase in ANF release in cirrhotic patients with ascites (146 +/- 18% vs 204 +/- 16%). Patients with cardiovascular disease display tonically-elevated ANF plasma levels. Heart failure patients displayed the highest plasma concentration (81.5 +/- 32.7 fmol/ml, n = 17), whereas plasma levels in hypertensive patients ranged from normal to greatly elevated (61.7 +/- 13.2 fmol/ml, n = 36). Heart transplant recipients also had significantly elevated plasma levels as compared to control subjects (31.2 +/- 7.9 fmol/ml, n = 14) but levels were lower than in hypertensive patients in spite of a comparable arterial pressure. Short term ventricular pacing (f = 150/min for 5 min) revealed an impaired phasic activity of the ANF system in heart failure patients and heart transplant recipients. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Use of Hydroactive Hydrocolloid Dressing to Prevent Intraoperative Mechanical Spread of Tumor Cells

INTRODUCTION Complete resection of cancer with avoidance of tumor spillage is critical to prevent local disease recurrence. Various studies have demonstrated that intraoperative cancer cell implantation can result in tumor recurrence. Large fungating tumors with cutaneous ulceration present a high risk of wound bed tumor seeding from manipulation of the specimen during resection. Several methods have been described to prevent spillage from ulcerative cutaneous wounds at the time of surgery. We have found that the use of an op-site dressing did not maintain adherence to the skin during manipulation of the specimen. We consider a second technique utilizing Surgicel (Johnson & Johnson Products, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ) and flexible Collodion (Humco Laboratories, Texarkana, TX) to be unacceptable because of the noxious nature of the Collodion, the toxicity of the components of the mixture, and its highly flammable nature. In this brief report, we describe an alternative, rapid, singlelayer technique using hydroactive hydrocolloid dressing to seal open draining wounds from advanced head and neck tumors that have eroded through the skin to decrease the risk of local–regional implantation of tumor cells.
The Harmonious Evolution of Ethnic Group Algorithm

Enlightened by organization and generation mode of human society, the ethnic group evolution algorithm (EGEA), whose population is formed of several ethnic groups, is proposed. The ethnic groups, classified by the behavioral similarity of elite individuals, represent the possible evolution trends in population, while the matrimony operator is used to control the competition and generation process of ethnic group and promote schema exchange among ethnic groups that ensure the inheritance and development of ethnic group as well as keep the diversity and validity of population and improve the search efficiency of EGEA. The simulation tests of function optimization show that the EGEA can restrain premature convergence phenomenon effectively during the evolutionary process while increasing the convergence speed greatly.
Higher Daily Energy Expenditure and Respiratory Quotient, Rather Than Fat-Free Mass, Independently Determine Greater ad Libitum Overeating.

CONTEXT Body fat-free mass (FFM), energy expenditure (EE), and respiratory quotient (RQ) are known predictors of daily food intake. Because FFM largely determines EE, it is unclear whether body composition per se or the underlying metabolism drives dietary intake. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to test whether 24-hour measures of EE and RQ and their components influence ad libitum food intake independently of FFM. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred seven healthy individuals (62 males/45 females, 84 Native Americans/23 whites; age 33 ± 8 y; body mass index 33 ± 8 kg/m(2); body fat 31% ± 8%) had 24-hour measures of EE in a whole-room indirect calorimeter during energy balance, followed by 3 days of ad libitum food intake using computerized vending machine systems. Body composition was estimated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES FFM, 24-hour EE, RQ, spontaneous physical activity, sleeping EE (sleeping metabolic rate), awake and fed thermogenesis, and ad libitum food intake (INTAKE) were measured. RESULTS Higher 24-hour RQ (P < .001, partial R(2) = 16%) and EE (P = .01, partial R(2) = 7%), but not FFM (P = .65), were independent predictors of INTAKE. Mediation analysis demonstrated that 24-hour EE is responsible for 80% of the FFM effect on INTAKE (44.5 ± 16.9 kcal ingested per kilogram of FFM, P= .01), whereas the unique effect due to solely FFM was negligible (10.6 ± 23.2, P = .65). Spontaneous physical activity (r = 0.33, P = .001), but not sleeping metabolic rate (P = .71), positively predicted INTAKE, whereas higher awake and fed thermogenesis determined greater INTAKE only in subjects with a body mass index of 29 kg/m(2) or less (r = 0.44, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS EE and RQ, rather than FFM, independently determine INTAKE, suggesting that competitive energy-sensing mechanisms driven by the preferential macronutrient oxidation and total energy demands may regulate food intake.