Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of sex and fat depot location on fat composition of Rasa Aragonesa lambs

La calidad de la grasa de cordero es importante en los mercados de canales ovinas porque afecta al grado de aceptacion de los consumidores. En Espana, el consumo de carne de res y cordero es importante, y los corderos jovenes son muy valorados. Ademas, la precocidad de las hembras determina su sacrificio a edades mas tempranas que los machos para evitar su excesivo engrasamiento. Por tanto, se estudiaron el efecto del sexo y del deposito de grasa (omental, mesenterica, pelvicorrenal, subcutanea, intermuscular e intramuscular) sobre la composicion de acidos grasos en 30 corderos de raza Rasa Aragonesa (15 machos y 15 hembras) de 24 kg de peso vivo y tres meses de edad. Los principales acidos grasos que componen la grasa en todos los depositos de grasa de los corderos fueron los acidos oleico, palmitico y estearico. No hubo diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en la composicion de la grasa entre los corderos machos y hembras, a pesar de que las hembras presentaron significativamente mas grasa que los machos en todos los depositos considerados (p<0.05). Los criterios asociados con el sexo no afectaron a la composicion de la grasa. La relacion de acidos grasos n–6/n–3 se encontro en el rango de los valores promedio recomendados (<4), excepto la grasa intramuscular, donde se observaron valores mas altos (5.5). Los depositos de grasa interna (omental, mesenterica y pelvicorrenal) mostraron mas acidos grasos saturados que los depositos comestibles (subcutaneo, intermuscular e intramuscular) (p<0.05). En consecuencia, el deposito de grasa interna presento grasa mas firme que el de la superficie de la canal. Los acidos grasos del deposito intramuscular presento el contenido mas alto de acidos grasos poliinsaturados de todos los depositos de grasa estudiados
Numerical and functional responses of breeding passerine species to mass occurrence of geometrid caterpillars in a subalpine birch forest: a 30‐year study

In northern Fennoscandia, the geometrid moths Epirrita autumnata and Operophtera brumata have cyclicities in density with mass occurrence at 10-year intervals. The larvae of Epirrita and Operophtera attain a size of 2‐3 cm and 1.5‐2 cm, respectively, and are nutritious food items for passerine birds. To examine whether these larvae have any numerical and/or functional influence on a passerine bird community (mountain birch forest in Budal, central Norway) during a 30-year period (1972‐2001), I estimated their abundance (number of larvae per 100 sweeps) in the birch canopy, and the densities of breeding birds in the passerine community. In addition, from 1972 to 1998, I monitored the nesting success of five of the bird species. The foraging pattern of the most abundant bird species and their gizzard contents (adults and nestlings) were examined in 1972‐78 (covering population peaks of both the geometrids). Population peaks of Epirrita occurred in 1975‐76, 1985‐86 and 1996, and of Operophtera in 1976‐77, 1986‐87 and 1997‐98. The passerine community consisted of eight species that were territorial in all 30 years, one species in 26 years, three species in 14‐21 years and three species in 1‐4 years. Only the Brambling Fringilla montifringilla population responded numerically to the fluctuations of Epirrita and Operophtera. Brambling was also the only species whose mean clutch size varied between years, and this correlated positively with the density of Epirrita. The mean annual nesting success of Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, Bluethroat Luscinia svecica and Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea tended to be higher in years with mass outbreaks of Epirrita, but was significantly so only for Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus. The abundance of Operophtera larvae showed no influence on the nesting success of any bird species. The passerines foraged more frequently in the birch canopy in the Epirrita outbreak years (1975‐76) than in the years before or after. Gizzard analyses of five adult passerine species and their nestlings showed that Epirrita was the main food item in 1974‐76. Even though Operophtera occurred in large numbers in birch trees in 1976 and 1977, only a few larvae were found in the gizzards of the passerines. None of the passerines showed an increase in their population density in the year following the larval outbreaks, but the densities of Willow Warbler and Bluethroat increased in the succeeding year, indicating a higher return rate for these species. The study shows the existence of a dietary response and also indicates a reproductive response to the changes in the abundance of Epirrita in mountain birch forest. The lack of numerical response in the passerines (except the Brambling) to the fluctuation in Epirrita contrasts with the pattern described for passerine communities in northern temperate deciduous forests in North America, where Lepidoptera caterpillars periodically have mass outbreaks.
A Republic, If You Can Keep It: Breakdown and Erosion in Modern Democracies

What leads elites to break their democratic commitments? How do the partisan loyalties and democratic values of citizens influence these choices? This article formally analyzes incumbent abuse in democracies, the most common modern initiator of democratic breakdown. If an incumbent attempts to consolidate power, the opposition can try to rally protest but can also cry wolf without incumbent abuse. In a democratic equilibrium, incumbents avoid abuse, the opposition calls for protest if and only if abuse occurs, and citizens protest in sufficient numbers to deter elites. Results show that non-winner-take-all institutions, high media accuracy, low partisanship, and citizen support for democracy typically promote democratic survival. However, under some conditions, higher democracy support can threaten democracy. Model extensions allow incumbents to pursue democratic erosion instead of full breakdown, promote “fake news,” and strategically inflame partisanship. The article explores several implications for democratic survival and incumbent strategies for subverting it.
The Effect of Vitamin E, Selenomethionine and Sodium Selenite Supplementation in Laying Hens

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium (Se) supplementation at levels higher than the NRC requirements for laying hens on egg production and quality parameters and their deposition in egg yolk. A total of 216 White Bovan hens, 25 wks old, were fed the experimental diets for 26 weeks. Three levels of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (0.0, 50, 100 IU/kg diet), and three levels of supplemental sodium selenite (SS) (0.0, 0.25, 0.50 ppm), were combined in a factorial design and added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Four eggs from each treatment were taken three times during the experiment to determine yolk α-tocopherol and Se contents. Dietary treatments had no effect on feed intake (P = 0.3656), egg production (P = 0.9761), hen weight gain (P = 0.8155), egg weight (P = 0.7104), Haugh units (P = 0.7076), specific gravity (P = 0.9908), and fresh (P = 0.1903) and aged albumen pH (P = 1 Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Clemson University, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634-0317. Phone: 864-656-3303. Fax: 864-656-3304. mbeck@clemson.edu 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Sheila E. Scheideler, Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0908. Phone: 402-472-6430. Fax: 402-472-6362. sscheide@unlnotes.unl. edu
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVÆ OF CERTAIN TENTHREDINIDÆ

Hemichroa americana, Provancher. (The alder saw-fly). Descirbed as a Dineura, but the lanceolate cell is contracted in the middle, not petiolate. The second recurrent nervure is received very near the end of the second submarginal cell, almost at the intersection of second and third submarginal cells.
Plastic responses to four environmental stresses and cross-resistance in a laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster

Summary 1. Acclimation or hardening to one stress in arthropods can lead to a plastic response, which confers increased resistance to other stresses. Such cross-resistance may indicate shared physiological resistance mechanisms and a possibility of joint evolution for resistance traits. 2. In this study, we tested for cross-resistance using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. Adult females were assayed for resistance to cold, heat, desiccation and starvation following cold acclimation, heat hardening, desiccation hardening and starvation acclimation, resulting in 12 pretreatment-by-test combinations for estimating potential cross-resistance effects. The acclimation/hardening regimes were chosen so that flies enhanced their resistance to the same type of stress as that used for the particular pretreatment. 3. Two cases of cross-resistance were found, with desiccation-hardened and starvation-acclimated flies being more resistant than control ones in heat and desiccation resistance tests, respectively. In four cases, no acclimation/hardening effect was observed, and for six pretreatment-by-test combinations, the effect of acclimation/hardening was negative. 4. We also revealed that heat and desiccation hardening as well as acclimation to starvation had a cost under non-stressful conditions leading to reduced longevity. Cold acclimation did not affect longevity, although its effect was difficult to estimate precisely: during pretreatment at a low temperature, biological ageing of the flies might be delayed. 5. The pattern of acclimation/hardening responses considered in the context of literature data on stress resistance indicates that expression of heat-shock proteins is not likely to contribute to the observed cross-resistance, but other probable general stress resistance mechanisms such as reduction of metabolic rate and accumulation of energy reserves might be involved. 6. The lack of cross-resistance induced by acclimation/hardening treatments suggests that in an environment with multiple stresses, evolution of shared protective systems associated with plastic responses may be constrained.
Fusion of visual salience maps for object acquisition

The paradigm of visual attention has been widely investigated and applied to many computer vision applications. In this study, the authors propose a new saliency-based visual attention algorithm applied to object acquisition. The proposed algorithm automatically extracts points of visual attention (PVA) in the scene, based on different feature saliency maps. Each saliency map represents a specific feature domain, such as textural, contrast, and statistical-based features. A feature selection, based on probability of detection and false alarm rate and repeatability criteria, is proposed to choose the most efficient feature combination for saliency map. Motivated by the assumption that the extracted PVA represents the most visually salient regions in the image, they suggest using the visual attention approach for object acquisition. A comparison with other well-known algorithms for point of interest detection shows that the proposed algorithm performs better. The proposed algorithm was successfully tested on synthetic, charge-coupled device (CCD), and infrared (IR) images. Evaluation of the algorithm for object acquisition, based on ground truth, is carried out using synthetic images, which contain multiple examples of objects, with various sizes and brightness levels. A high probability of correct detection (greater than 90%) with a low false alarm rate (about 20 false alarms per image) was achieved.
Could CTSK and COL4A2 be specific biomarkers of poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer in Asia?-a microarray analysis based on regional population.

Background In the purpose of identifying reliable biomarkers for evaluating prognosis, monitoring recurrence and exploring new therapeutic targets, it is quite necessary to screen for the genetic changes and potential molecular mechanisms of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC) from the aspects of race and region. Methods Target datasets were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database with "gastric cancer" as the key word, and corresponding data was downloaded. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by using limma R package, and the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for DEGs were analyzed in Enirchr database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and molecular module were also constructed through STRING database and Cytoscape software. Survival analyses were completed for DEGs in GEO and Kaplan-Meier plotter database via cross validation. Finally, the correlation between gene expression and the infiltration cell levels in tumor microenvironment (TME) was explored based on the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database. Results Five GC-related microarray datasets were selected and used for differential analysis, and 222 DEGs were identiﬁed. GO analyses of DEGs were mainly involved in cell metabolism and the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM). The top enriched pathways of DEGs were protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion (FA), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Survival analyses of DEGs revealed that the expression levels of CTSK and COL4A2 were significantly associated with poor prognosis of GC patients in Asian. Specifically, the high expression of CTSK had a closely related to the infiltration level of inflammatory cell in TME. Conclusions CTSK and COL4A2 could play a critical role in the pathogenesis of GC and act as the promising prognostic biomarkers. CTSK could induce the formation of immunosuppressive TME and promote the immune escape of GC cells.
Primate origins and evolution : a phylogenetic reconstruction

A survey of living primates the primate fossil record classification and phylogenetic reconstruction adaptive radiation of mammals are tree-shrews primates? primate diets and dentitions the skull and major sense organs evolution of the primate central nervous system primate reproductive biology primate locomoter patterns evidence from chromosomes and proteins a provisional synthesis.
Litter sex ratio affects lifetime reproductive success of free-living female Alpine marmots Marmota marmota†

In litterâbearing mammals, adult phenotype is influenced during prenatal life by the sex of neighbouring foetuses. This phenomenon, found so far only in laboratory studies, may have ecological importance in nature. We present the first evidence that litter sex ratio has consequences for lifetime reproductive success in mammals. Female Alpine marmots born in a maleâbiased litter, i.e. more likely to be located in utero next to male foetuses, are more likely to be dominant later in life â a prerequisite for reproduction in this species. We found no evidence for lower reproductive output of these females, a common cost of prenatal masculinization.
An Investigation into Factors that Contribute to Learner Migration in South African Schools

The purpose of this study was to investigate the various factors which contribute to learner migration in South African schools and to suggest ways in which learner migration can be addressed. A qualitative research approach was used for the study and data was collected by means of individual – and group interviews. The sample of the study consists of one Expert Management Information System (EMIS) member and one principal from a secondary school in each of the nine provinces as well as four parents and four learners from four of the nine provinces. The final sample were 50 participants (n=50). Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the 9 EMISmembers and 9 principals, while focus group interviews were conducted with the 16 parents and 16 learners. The findings of the study correspond with the reasons for learner migration in terms of Bronfenbrenner‟s bio-ecological theory model. This model is firmly grounded in reality, thereby allowing the researchers to determine how stakeholders are influenced in terms of learner migration. The findings of the study indicate that learners are migrating to other schools due to, inter alia, the new legislative framework, school management and leadership practices of principals, school effectiveness issues, infra structure of schools as well as socio-economic factors. The study underscores the need for structuring the South African learner migration system that is guided by a coherent system of policies that enables principals to manage learner migration effectively.
Selection of Young Sires in Genomic Breeding Programs

Stochastic simulations were performed to evaluate a variety of scenarios to select young sires in genomic breeding programs. Scenarios included variation of accuracies of genomic breeding values and h2 in combination with selection intensities and different types of pre-selection. For conventional methods as done in the past, i.e. contracting bull dams and using their male offspring for AI, true breeding values of selected sires were substantially lower and their inbreeding coefficients were higher compared to direct selection of genotyped male calves. For all types of pre-selection, it is imperative to genotype male calves, even if genomic breeding values of parents are available. Selection intensity of young sires remains a crucial point also in the genomic era for generating genetic gain.
ESTRUCTURA Y DIVERSIDAD DE LA VEGETACIÓN ARBÓREA DEL PARQUE ESTATAL AGUA BLANCA, MACUSPANA, TABASCO

Se analizo la estructura y diversidad de especies arboreas en cuatro unidades de muestreo (UM) de 50 x 50 m (0.25 ha) cada una establecidas al azar en la porcion centro-oeste del Parque Estatal Agua Blanca (PEAB), Macuspana, Tabasco. Se registraron variables dasometricas de todos los individuos con diametro a la altura del pecho ≥ 1 cm, determinando su estratificacion vertical y distribucion horizontal, asi como el calculo de indices de importancia estructural y de diversidad. La vegetacion presento dos estratos bien definidos: inferior ( 9 m), mientras que la distribucion horizontal de los individuos fue segun el indice de Morisita (I∞), generalmente aleatoria. Se identificaron 71 especies pertenecientes a 57 generos y 40 familias; la familia Meliaceae fue la mas rica en especies (14), seguida de Fabaceae (8) y Moraceae (7). El genero Chamaedorea (Arecaceae), al igual que las especies Rinorea guatemalensis (Violaceae) y Astrocaryum mexicanum (Arecaceae), tuvieron los valores mas altos de impor-tancia estructural. De acuerdo con los indices de Margalef (D∞) y Shannon ( H '), la riqueza y diversidad de especies fue significativamente (p < 0.05) menor en la UM4 que en las UM1, UM2 y UM3, las cuales fueron estadisticamente iguales entre si. En comparacion con otras selvas de Mexico, el PEAB tuvo valores intermedios en numero de arboles por hectarea, bajos en riqueza de especies e intermedios en diversidad ∞ de Fisher.
Omni: Data Science Platform for Evaluate Performance of a LoRaWAN Network

—Nowadays, physical processes are becoming digitized by the evolution of communication, sensing and storage technologies which promote the development of smart cities. The evolution of this technology has generated multiple challenges related to the generation of big data and the active participation of electronic devices in society. Thus, devices can send information that is captured and processed over large areas, but there is no guarantee that all the obtained data amount will be effectively stored and correctly persisted. Because, depending on the technology which is used, there are parameters that has huge inﬂuence on the full delivery of information. This article aims to characterize the project, currently under development, of a platform that based on data science will perform a performance and effectiveness evaluation of an industrial network that implements LoRaWAN technology considering its main parameters conﬁguration relating these parameters to the information loss.
Evaluation of Cranial Base Morphology of Pakistani Population in Skeletal Class I, II and III Malocclusions

Introduction: Cranial Base integrate different patterns of growth in various regions of the skull such as the nasal cavity, the oral cavity, and the pharynx. Anteroposterior jaw position is thought to be affected by cranial base growth. Although scientific literature shows conflicting results regarding both positive and negative correlation between the cranial base and skeletal malocclusions. Materials & Method: 138 patients selected according to the Inclusion criteria were divided into three major categories depending upon ANB angle. Class I, class II group and class III group. Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken. Linear and Angular measurements were measured. All the data was entered in SPSS version 25 and then analyzed by using descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and by using inferential statistics including Pearson correlation and ANOVA test. Result: No significant differences were recorded between cranial base deflection angles (N-S-Ar and N-S-Ba) and malocclusions groups while Anterior cranial base length S-N was found to be maximum in class III and posterior cranial base length S-Ba was greater in class I. Conclusion: Cranial base angles N-S-Ar and N-S-Ba did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation with three malocclusion groups i.e. Class I, Class II and Class III and their correlation was negative.
Academic enrepreneurship and organisational support factors

Academic entrepreneurship has gained popularity in recent decades as an important feature in the movement towards a knowledge society. Research shows that the organisational context can facilitate or impede academic entrepreneurship. However academics are often faced with a weak set of institutional and organisational factors which inhibit the commercialisation and technology innovation process. This article builds in the direction of this emerging stream of research and empirically investigates the relationship between the management support, rewards and incentives, time allocation and measurable academic entrepreneurship outputs. Following a survey of universities and research councils in South Africa, the results reveal several positive interrelationships between the study variables. In particular rewards were found to have a significant impact on academic entrepreneurship outputs. Implications relate to management interventions to design and implement simple and harmonised academic entrepreneurship support mechanisms which focus on rewards and incentives.
Re-utilization of germinal centers in multiple PP results in highly synchronized, oligoclonal and affinity matured gut IgA responses (49.6)

Whereas recent studies have pointed to multi-centered and diverse gut IgA responses to the microbiota, little information is available on IgA responses following oral immunization with T cell-dependent antigens. Here we have addressed how gut IgA responses develop using a novel approach where NP-hapten was conjugated to cholera toxin (CT), which allowed us to follow, at the molecular level, the site of initiation, expansion, differentiation and distribution of a specific IgA B cell response. Clonal relationships and affinity maturation of specific IgA cells at gut inductive and effector sites were investigated. Unexpectedly, we found gut IgA B cell responses to be oligoclonal and dominated by high affinity maturation. Extensive lineage trees of gut NP-specific IgA cells were generated, revealing strong clonal relationships throughout the entire gut mucosal immune system. Thus, clonally related IgA cells were found in Peyer’s patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and the small and large intestine, suggesting an effective expansion and selection process. This was achieved through synchronization of multiple PP hosting the same high affinity B cell clones. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that this was possible through re-utilization of already existing germinal centers (GC) in multiple PP by previously activated GC GL7+ B cells. The re-utilization required that oral antigen was given prior to cell transfer.