Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effects of a load shedding at a lignite power plant

The load‐shedding scenario describes an unscheduled load reduction in a power plant so that it produces only the electricity that is needed by the plant itself. The reason for such a scenario is a collapse of power supply in the transmission network. In the subsequent restoration of the electrical supply, different options are distinguished. An essential part of each option is island operating or black start capable thermal power plants. The load‐shedding scenario is complex and multilayered. If process steam is also decoupled during the load shedding, high exhaust steam temperatures in the turbine stages can lead to plant shutdown. In addition, component damage can be expected in thick‐walled components due to high temperature and pressure amplitudes. Thus, it can be shown in this paper that the lifetime losses are highest at the high‐pressure preheater 6 and at the deheater and that the process heat coupling cannot be operated with constant mass flow under all circumstances. In order to investigate these issues, a detailed model of a lignite power plant has been created, which was developed in Modelica for simulating and comparing scenarios for a variety of applications. The model comprises the entire water‐steam cycle including turbines, preheaters and pumps, as well as a very detailed boiler model including the air supply, coal mills, heating surfaces, and piping. Furthermore, the power plants' control system has been implemented in a very precise way. In addition, the study involves a calculation of lifetime consumption for specific components to evaluate the effects. In summary, it can be stated that this study examines the thermodynamic aspects during a load‐shedding scenario for the first time. It focuses on processes within the power plant and thus differs significantly from other studies on this topic, which approach the issue from the electrical grid side.
A systematic review of automated journalism scholarship: guidelines and suggestions for future research

Background: The use of advanced algorithmic techniques is increasingly changing the nature of work for highly trained professionals. In the media industry, one of the technical advancements that often comes under the spotlight is automated journalism, a solution generally understood as the auto generation of journalistic stories through software and algorithms, without any human input except for the initial programming. Methods: In order to conduct a systematic review of existing empirical research on automated journalism, I analysed a range of variables that can account for the semantical, chronological and geographical features of a selection of academic articles as well as their research methods, theoretical backgrounds and fields of inquiry. I then engaged with and critically assessed the meta-data that I obtained to provide researchers with a good understanding of the main debates dominating the field. Results: My findings suggest that the expression “automated journalism” should be called into question, that more attention should be devoted to non-English speaking scholarship, that the collective and individual impacts of the technology on media practitioners should be better documented and that well-established sociological theories such as institutionalism and Bourdieu’s field theory could constitute two adequate frameworks to study automated journalism practices. Conclusions: This systematic literature therefore provides researchers with an overview of the main challenges and debates that are occurring within the field of automated journalism studies. Future studies should, in particular, make use of institutionalism and field theory to explore how automated journalism is impacting the work of media practitioners, which could help unearth common patterns across media organisations.
Breast augmentation in the transgender patient: narrative review of current techniques and complications

Gender-affirming surgery (GAS) is often a crucial step during the journey to identity actualization for transgender patients. Surgical breast augmentation, or “top surgery”, is frequently cited as the most important and sometimes only gender-affirming procedure sought by transfeminine patients. The breast augmentation process is remarkably similar in transgender and cisgender patients. However, there are unique guidelines, anatomic considerations, and contextual issues for the transgender patient population that must be taken into account by providers to achieve optimal outcomes. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of breast augmentation for transfeminine patients. We walk through our suggested pre-surgical evaluation, breast augmentation options, and post-surgical care. In the preoperative period, providers must establish a positive provider-patient relationship that allows for thorough history taking, physical examination, and goal setting. Providers must be able to select an appropriate implant, incision location, and operative plane to balance patient desires and pre-existing anatomic characteristics in transfeminine patients. Postoperatively, the provider must address acute and chronic needs to allow for continued satisfaction and safety. After reading this review, we aim for providers to be well-equipped to provide the highest quality breast augmentation care for their transfeminine patients. As research into best practices for breast augmentation in transfeminine patients continues to develop, we expect that surgical practice will continue to evolve.
Ecological impact assessment of climate change and habitat loss on wetland vertebrate assemblages of the Great Barrier Reef catchment and the influence of survey bias

Abstract Wetlands are among the most vulnerable ecosystems, stressed by habitat loss and degradation from expanding and intensifying agricultural and urban areas. Climate change will exacerbate the impacts of habitat loss by altering temperature and rainfall patterns. Wetlands within Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchment are not different, stressed by extensive cropping, urban expansion, and alteration for grazing. Understanding how stressors affect wildlife is essential for the effective management of biodiversity values and minimizing unintended consequences when trading off the multiple values wetlands support. Impact assessment is difficult, often relying on an aggregation of ad hoc observations that are spatially biased toward easily accessible areas, rather than systematic and randomized surveys. Using a large aggregate database of ad hoc observations, this study aimed to examine the influence of urban proximity on machine‐learning models predicting taxonomic richness and assemblage turnover, relative to other habitat, landscape, and climate variables, for vertebrates dwelling in the wetlands of the GBR catchment. The distance from the nearest city was, by substantial margins, the most influential factor in predicting the richness and assemblage turnover of all vertebrate groups, except fish. Richness and assemblage turnover was predicted to be greatest nearest the main urban centers. The extent of various wetland habitats was highly influential in predicting the richness of all groups, while climate (predominately the rainfall in the wettest quarter) was highly influential in predicting assemblage turnover for all groups. Bias of survey records toward urban centers strongly influenced our ability to model wetland‐affiliated vertebrates and may obscure our understanding of how vertebrates respond to habitat loss and climate change. This reinforces the need for randomized and systematic surveys to supplement existing ad hoc surveys. We urge modelers in other jurisdictions to better portray the potential influence of survey biases when modeling species distributions.
Contextualized social work education in Canada: understanding educators’ perspectives

ABSTRACT Dominant Eurocentric social work practices and knowledges have been critiqued for perpetuating colonial perspectives, underlining social control aspects of social work, advancing individualism, ignoring a holistic understanding of issues, and overlooking collective approaches. Alternative practice examples are being documented but less attention has been paid to social work education. A phenomenological study with 15 Canadian social work educators explored their experience(s) and understanding of contextualized social work education. The accounts, collected through individual interviews and sharing circles, emphasize the participants’ politicized and de-individualized understanding of context. They also promote contextualization of social work education as responsiveness to student and community realities, privileging the local. Contextualization is presented as a means of resisting the challenges, limits and dangers of Western, colonial and neoliberal educational and professional practices. The establishment of a strong collaborative community of practice and institutional legitimization are suggested as pathways for entrenching contextualized social work education.
Potassium  Electrolyte Serum - Urine , and Creatinine  in Chronic Kidney Diseases

Background: The kidneys are important organs in the human body that have many functions. Kidney function is divided into several processes, namely filtration, reabsorption and secretion of substances in the body. Nephron which is the smallest kidney functional unit that is responsible for accommodating all functions in the kidney. One of the functions of the kidneys is secretion, the secretions in the kidneys work by removing electrolytes and other substances that are no longer needed by the body through urine. When the function of the kidney nephrons is disturbed, it can result in an electrolyte imbalance (K), a buildup of waste from substances that are not needed by the body (creatinine). The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between electrolytes (K) serum, urine and creatinine in patients with CKD.Methods: The research was conducted by observational, anamnesis, and sampling of CKD patients at Dr. Kariadi Semarang during the period March-May 2020.Results: The results of the multivariate linear regression test showed that creatinine had a moderate significant positive effect at p = 0.024 and r = 0.412 on serum K. Meanwhile, from multivariate linear regression, it was found that creatinine had a moderate negative effect at p = 0.027 and r = -0.456 on urine K.Conclusions and suggestions: The findings proved the relationship between creatinine levels and serum and urine potassium levels in patients with CKD. Serum and urine electrolytes can be used as an parameter for CKD management.
Cold Crystallization Kinetics and Thermal Degradation of PLA Composites with Metal Oxide Nanofillers

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites with antimicrobial fillers have been increasingly explored as food packaging materials that are made of a biobased matrix and can minimize food loss due to spoilage. Some of the most commonly studied fillers are zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this work, nanocomposites with 1 wt. % of each filler were prepared by melt mixing. An extensive study of thermally stimulated processes such as crystallization, nucleation, degradation, and their kinetics was carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In detail, non-isothermal cold crystallization studies were performed with DSC and polarized light microscopy (PLM), and kinetics were analyzed with multiple equations. The activation energy of the non-isothermal cold crystallization was calculated with the methods of Kissinger and Friedman. The latter was used to also determine the Hoffman–Lauritzen parameters (Kg and U*) by applying the Vyazovkin method. Additionally, effective activation energy and kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition process were determined by applying the isoconversional differential method and multivariate non-linear regression method. According to TGA results, metal oxide nanofillers affected the thermal stability of PLA and caused a decrease in the activation energy values. Moreover, the fillers acted as heterogenous nucleating agents, accelerating the non-isothermal crystallization of PLA, thus reducing its activation energy. It can be concluded that metal oxide nanofillers catalytically affect the thermal degradation and crystallization of PLA samples.
Wireless Power Transfer Technologies Applied to Electric Vehicles: A Review

The expansion on the use of Electric Vehicles demands new mechanisms to ease the charging process, making it autonomous and with a reduced user intervention. This paper reviews the technologies applied to the wireless charge of Electric Vehicles. In particular, it focuses on the technologies based on the induction principle, the capacitive-based techniques, those that use radiofrequency waves and the laser powering. As described, the convenience of each technique depends on the requirements imposed on the wireless power transfer. Specifically, we can state that the power level, the distance between the power source and the electric vehicle or whether the transfer is executed with the vehicle on the move or not or the cost are critical parameters that need to be taken into account to decide which technology to use. In addition, each technique requires some complementary electronics. This paper reviews the main components that are incorporated into these systems and it provides a review of their most relevant configurations.
Dynamical system learning using extreme learning machines with safety and stability guarantees

This article presents a continuous dynamical system model learning methodology that can be used to generate reference trajectories for the autonomous systems to follow, such that these trajectories are invariant to a given closed set and uniformly ultimately bounded with respect to an equilibrium point inside the closed set. The autonomous system dynamics are approximated using extreme learning machines (ELM), the parameters of which are learned subject to the safety constraints expressed using a reciprocal barrier function, and the stability constraints derived using a Lyapunov analysis in the presence of the ELM reconstruction error. This formulation leads to solving a constrained quadratic program (QP) that includes a finite number of decision variables with an infinite number of constraints. Theorems are developed to relax the QP with infinite number of constraints to a QP with a finite number of constraints which can be practically implemented using a QP solver. In addition, an active sampling methodology is developed that further reduced the number of required constraints for the QP by only evaluating the constraints at a smaller subset of points. The proposed method is validated using a motion reproduction task on a seven degree‐of‐freedom Baxter robot, where the task space position and velocity dynamics are learned using the presented methodology.
Biomass partitioning in response to intraspecific competition depends on nutrients and species characteristics: A study of 43 plant species

Competition simultaneously limits the availability of above‐ and below‐ground resources for plants. How plants respond to density with changes in patterns of biomass allocation is poorly understood. Previous studies had inconsistent results, but emphasised increased biomass allocation to stems in response to density. However, the response of plants to density may depend on environmental conditions and on characteristics of the species. We grew 43 herbaceous plant species at three densities (1, 8 and 64 individuals per pot) and two nutrient levels in a common garden and measured biomass allocation to roots (RMF), leaves (LMF) and stems (SMF), and specific root (SRL) and stem length (SSL). The species differed in functional group (grasses, forbs and legumes), life span and realised niche with respect to nutrients (Ellenberg's nutrient indicator value). Intraspecific competition and self‐thinning increased with nutrient supply. Overall, plants increased their RMF with density independent of nutrient level, indicating that competition was mainly for below‐ground resources. However, characteristics of the species influenced their responses to density and nutrients in terms of biomass allocation, SRL and SSL. At high densities, legumes were more productive than the other functional groups and hardly changed their allocation patterns, suggesting that they were less nutrient limited due to their mutualism with nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia. The SRL of perennials was lower, and their RMF was higher and increased more strongly in response to density than that of annuals, which could be interpreted as mechanisms to increase survival. The realised niche of species with respect to nutrients influenced the response to density and nutrients in terms of SMF, LMF, SRL and SSL in line with adaptations to both nutrient availability and competition for light in the typical habitats. Synthesis. We found that intraspecific competition was mainly for below‐ground resources, which may be typical for many species growing in moderately nutrient‐rich but high‐light habitats. Our results show that growth conditions, species characteristics and their interactions influence patterns of biomass allocation and plant morphology.
Efficient Separation of Electron–Hole Pairs in Graphene Quantum Dots by TiO2 Heterojunctions for Dye Degradation

Water-soluble, single-crystalline, and amine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with absorption edge at ∼490 nm were synthesized by a molecular fusion method, and stably deposited onto anatase TiO2 nanoparticles under hydrothermal conditions. The effective incorporation of the GQDs extends the light absorption of the TiO2 nanoparticles from UV to a wide visible region. Moreover, amine-functionalized GQD–TiO2 heterojunctions can absorb more O2 than pure TiO2, which can generate more ·O2 species for MO degradation. Accordingly, the heterojunctions exhibit much higher photocatalytic performance for degrading methyl orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation than TiO2 alone. At optimum GQD content (1.0 wt %), an apparent MO decomposition rate constant is 15 times higher than that of TiO2 alone, and photocurrent intensity in response to visible-light excitation increases by 9 times. Compared with conventional sensitization by toxic, photounstable quantum dots such as CdSe QDs, the sensitization by en.
Orange Peel-Based Adsorbent for the Removal of C.I. Disperse Blue 56 from Textile Dye Industry Effluents

This study demonstrates the viability of an orange peel-based adsorbent as sustainable alternative for the elimination of the disperse dye C.I. Disperse Blue 56 present in waste waters of the dyeing industry of textiles. The effectiveness of the adsorbent is evaluated at different pH values and the adsorption capacity is determined by systematically comparing orange peel and the final adsorbent chemically treated. Results reveal an spontaneous coagulation-flocculation phenomenon of the dispersed dye at low pH values which represents a sustainable way for the recovery and possible re-use of the dye, together with the industrial valorisation of a wasting product as is orange peel.
An Update to the Squire State Court of Last Resort Professionalization Index

Abstract The current version of the Squire state court of last resort professionalization index is regularly used in studies of state courts. We have updated the index for 2019, producing a second and more recent index. Given the relative stability between this index and its predecessor, it is unlikely that many findings will change. During the 15 years that lapsed between the first index and the more recent one, little changed in most states, while reforms in a few places substantially shifted the relative standing of their court of last resort. It seems unlikely that the nation will experience any sweeping reform movements impacting state courts of last resort across the board. The more likely scenario is the sort of idiosyncratic changes impacting a few courts that were witnessed over the last decade and a half. Thus, looking to the future, it may be prudent to update the index every 5–10 years to capture any notable alterations.
Molecular Mechanisms for Norovirus Genome Replication

The genomes of positive strand RNA viruses often contain more than one open reading frame. Some of these viruses have evolved novel mechanisms to regulate the synthesis of the other open reading frames that in some cases involved the production of a subgenomic RNA or RNAs. Very often, the presence of the subgenomic RNA is used as indicator for active viral genome replication. Norovirus, a major cause for gastroenteritis as well as with all other caliciviruses follow a typical positive strand RNA viruses genome replication strategy. In addition, noroviruses also produce a subgenomic RNA during their replication in infected cells. Efficient and adequate synthesis of norovirus subgenomic RNA is crucial for successful viral replication and productive infection leading to the generation of infectious viral progeny. This chapter will dissect the significant findings on mechanisms involved in norovirus genome replication as well as focusing on subgenomic RNA production.
Final‐stage Southward Subduction of the Eastern Paleo‐Asian Ocean: Evidence from the Middle Permian Mafic Intrusions in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

The northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) contains widespread Permian magmatic rocks, but the origin of these rocks remains controversial. This uncertainty hampers us from better understanding of tectonic framework and evolution of the eastern Paleo‐Asian Ocean, particularly with respect to its final‐stage subduction and closure time. To address these questions, this study presents petrological, zircon U‐Pb geochronological, whole‐rock geochemical and in situ zircon Hf isotopic data for these Permian mafic intrusions in the northern margin of the NCC. Precise zircon U‐Pb dating results indicate that these mafic intrusions were emplaced in the Middle Permian (ca. 260 Ma). Geochemically, the studied mafic intrusions have high MgO and transition metals element contents, with high Mg# values, indicating a mantle origin. These mafic intrusions are characterized by enrichments in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Rb, Ba, and K) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), and depletions in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), indicating that they were formed in a subduction‐related setting. These geochemical features, together with zircon ∊Hf(t) values (–1.1 to +11.2), indicate that their parental magmas were derived from partial melting of heterogeneous mantle wedge metasomatized by subduction‐related fluids, with the contributions of slab sediments. The studied mafic intrusions also show wide range of major and trace elements contents, and variable Mg# values, Eu and Sr anomalies, suggesting that their parental magmas had undergone variable degrees of fractional crystallization. Together with the E–W trending Permian continental arc along the northern margin of the NCC, we confirm that the generation of the Middle Permian mafic intrusions was related to southward subduction of the Paleo‐Asian oceanic lithosphere beneath the NCC and the Paleo‐Asian Ocean had not closed prior to the Middle Permian.