Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Body size, body condition and ornamental feathers of Burrowing Parrots: variation between years and sexes, assortative mating and influences on breeding success

Abstract Individual size and body condition determine the breeding success in many species of birds. We here present morphometric data and describe the relationships between body size, body condition, breeding success and ornaments of genetically sexed Burrowing Parrots (Cyanoliseus patagonus), including data from a year of adverse environmental conditions caused by the strong La Niña phase of the E1 Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon of 1998–99. During droughts caused by La Niña, adults invested more resources in their own body maintenance and decreased provisioning to nestlings, as shown by higher adult body masses and body conditions, and increased nestling mortality due to starvation. We found slight sexual dimorphism, male Burrowing Parrots being structurally larger (∼5%) than females. Adult Burrowing Parrots mated assortatively with respect to body condition and the size of the red feather patch in the centre of the abdominal region. We identified the red abdominal patch as a signal of individual quality. We also present correlations of adult body mass, body condition, measurements of structural size and ornaments, with parameters of breeding success and nestling growth. Female Burrowing Parrots in better body condition fledged heavier nestlings. Parameters of structural size of male Burrowing Parrots correlated with structural characters of the nestlings such as bill and tarsus length, and wing growth.
Performance Analysis of RED & Robust RED

Active Queue Management is a way to control Congestion. The existing RED (Random Early Detection) Active Queue Management algorithm and its variants are found vulnerable to emerging LDoS attacks. The RRED algorithm was proposed to improve TCP throughput under LDoS attacks by detecting and filtering out attack packet. We conduct a set of simulation to compare and evaluate the performance of RED and RRED under normal TCP traffic without LDoS attacks and With LDoS attacks. The results show that, RRED algorithm nearly fully preserves the TCP throughput in the presence of LDoS attacks. Simulation is done by using Network Simulator (NS2)
Phloem-feeding specialists sharing a host tree: resource partitioning minimizes interference competition among galling aphid species

This study deals with a guild of specialist, phloem feeding aphids (Homoptera; Pemphigidae; Fordinae) which form galls on Pistachia trees (Anacardiaceae). In Israel, each of two Pistacia species carries five common species of galling aphids, which may occur in large numbers on the same individual tree, shoot, leaf or even leaflet. These Fordinae have very similar life cycles, they all feed on phloem sap, and all of them need very young, unfolding leaves for gall formation. Our data show, however, that most pairs of species are unlikely to compete for galling sites because their niches are separated either temporally (fundatrices arrive at different times and, therefore, occupy different leaves) or spatially, by attacking different sites on the tree, shoot, or leaf. In 1991-1993, we calculated niche breadth (B) of each species, and proportional similarity (PS) between each species pair on shoots colonized by more than one species. PS between different species pairs on leaves within shoots ranged between 0 and 0.48. This means that, on the niche dimension represented by the shoot, the two species may share some of the habitat units. If the two species compete, we expected that niche breadth of at least one of them would be reduced on the cohabited shoots. This was not the case. B was not negatively affected when pairs of species occupied the same shoot, compared with shoots where only one species was present. B was positively correlated with density: the chance of niche overlap increased when more galls occupied the same shoot. In species sharing leaves within shoots, B showed similar trends. On P. atlantica, Smynthurodes betae and Forda riccobonii had the highest PS. Both the species make their galls on leaflet margins and occur frequently on the same leaves. Only at this level did we detect negative interactions: the frequency of co-occurrence of galls of both species on the same leaflet (within galled leaves) was significantly less than expected by chance. Taking into account our deliberate non-random selection of trees, shoots, and leaves, where competition was likely to occur, we conclude that interspecific interference competition for galling sites is not a major determinant of the resource partitioning of these closely-related herbivores
First wind shear observation in PMSE with the tristatic EISCAT VHF radar

The Polar Summer Mesosphere has the lowest temperatures that occur in the entire Earth system. Water ice particles below the optically observable size range participate there in the formation of strong radar echoes (Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes, PMSE). To study PMSE we carried out observations with the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) VHF and EISCAT UHF radar simultaneously from a site near Tromsø (69.58°N, 19.2272°E) and observed VHF backscattering also with the EISCAT receivers in Kiruna (67.86°N, 20.44°E) and Sodankylä (67.36°N, 26.63°E). This is one of the first tristatic measurements with EISCAT VHF, and we therefore describe the observations and geometry in detail. We present observations made on 26 June 2013 from 7:00 to 13:00 h UT where we found similar PMSE patterns with all three VHF receivers and found signs of wind shear in PMSE. The observations suggest that the PMSE contains sublayers that move in different directions horizontally, and this points to Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability possibly playing a role in PMSE formation. We find no signs of PMSE in the UHF data. The electron densities that we derive from observed incoherent scatter at UHF are at PMSE altitudes close to the noise level but possibly indicate reduced electron densities directly above the PMSE.
Thermospheric density variations: Observability using precision satellite orbits and effects on orbit propagation

This paper examines atmospheric density estimated using precision orbit ephemerides (POE) from the CHAMP and GRACE satellites during short periods of greater atmospheric density variability. The results of the calibration of CHAMP densities derived using POEs with those derived using accelerometers are examined for three different types of density perturbations, [traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs), geomagnetic cusp phenomena, and midnight density maxima] in order to determine the temporal resolution of POE solutions. In addition, the densities are compared to High‐Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM) densities to compare temporal resolution for both types of corrections. The resolution for these models of thermospheric density was found to be inadequate to sufficiently characterize the short‐term density variations examined here. Also examined in this paper is the effect of differing density estimation schemes by propagating an initial orbit state forward in time and examining induced errors. The propagated POE‐derived densities incurred errors of a smaller magnitude than the empirical models and errors on the same scale or better than those incurred using the HASDM model.
Statistical Time-Dependent Model for the Interstellar Gas

We present models for temperature and ionization structure of low, uniform-density (approximately 0.3 per cu cm) interstellar gas in a galactic disk which is exposed to soft X rays from supernova outbursts occurring randomly in space and time. The structure was calculated by computing the time record of temperature and ionization at a given point by Monte Carlo simulation. The calculation yields probability distribution functions for ionized fraction, temperature, and their various observable moments. These time-dependent models predict a bimodal temperature distribution of the gas that agrees with various observations. Cold regions in the low-density gas may have the appearance of clouds in 21-cm absorption. The time-dependent model, in contrast to the steady-state model, predicts large fluctuations in ionization rate and the existence of cold (approximately 30 K), ionized (ionized fraction equal to about 0.1) regions.
Introduction to Experience Creation

The concept of experience is rather new, primarily introduced by two works, namely Gerhard Schulze’s analysis of cultural behaviour in different social strata in Nürnberg (‘Die erlebniss gesellschaft’ – the Experience Society, Schulze, 1992) and Pine and Gilmore’s book ‘The Experience Economy’ (1999) which suggest that experiences are going to substitute services and become the next value-creating element in firms. Experience is not a new phenomenon as such. It includes activities that have been analysed and discussed using other terms such as leisure, tourism, cultural activities, marketing, Internet services and so forth. These terms will be used in the chapters of the book. However, the perspective of the book, namely creation of experiences, is a new one. We shall briefly elaborate the concept. An experience can consist of a product, for example a theatre play. An experience can also be a supplement to the product, such as a dinner at a certain restaurant, or the experience can be the whole package, making the experience not just a product, but a mental process, a state of mind, for instance an evening out combining dining and seeing a play. The main point here is that experiences are always more than just the product. The core of the product might be an experience, like a theatre play, but it is always more than this: it includes where it takes place, the décor, whether the seats are good or not and so forth. One can also gain an experience via technology, such as the web net or watching television. The experience can also be a supplement to a good or a service. It is not the product, but the supplements of it which provide the consumer with the experience. It is not the shoes, but the fact that these shoes are fashionable and show who you are, which is the experience. This is an experience you cannot get from just any pair of shoes. It is the design, the marketing, the usage and symbolic value of the shoes that makes them an experience. The shoes acquire a story or a theme and it is the story or the theme, rather than the product, which the consumers buy and cherish in the experience economy (cf. Jensen, 1999). The story or the theme is constructed to sell whatever the product might be, whether tangible or intangible: shoes, vacations, music, films, food, museum visits or events.
Exercise-Induced Glycogen Reduction Increases Muscle Activity

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 336-346, 2016. Intramuscular glycogen stores are an important energy source during extended bouts of strenuous exercise. A substantial reduction in glycogen could influence neural muscular drive and result in a decreasing quality of exercise performance and potentially increased injury rates. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of glycogen reduction on motor drive as determined by the surface electromyogram (EMG) amplitude and median frequency during a cycling graded exercise test. Eight trained cyclists performed a discontinuous cycling graded exercise test to exhaustion under both normal and glycogen reduced conditions. EMG was collected from the vastus lateralis. Repeated measures regression models indicated that EMG amplitudes were elevated at cycling workloads higher than 196 Watts and metabolic workloads higher than 40.8 ml/kg/min, corresponding to 77% VO2max. There was no effect of increases in workload or glycogen reduction on EMG median frequency. Changes in mechanical and metabolic workload had a substantial effect on EMG amplitude (Cohen’s f2 = 0.227 and 0.247, respectively), but not median frequency (Cohen’s f2 = 0.026 and 0.033, respectively). Thus, EMG amplitude is a more effective and reliable measure to examine changes in motor drive during variable workload conditions and metabolic perturbations. The results suggest that healthy glycogen reduced humans require higher levels of muscle activity in order to attain a given mechanical and metabolic workload. This may affect the long term performance of professional and military athletes who need to be able to perform at a high level for extended periods of activity.
First-principles elastic constants for the hcp transition metals Fe, Co, and Re at high pressure (vol 60, pg 791, 1999)

The elastic constant tensors for the hcp phases of three transition metals ~Co, Re, and Fe! are computed as functions of pressure using the linearized augmented plane wave method with both the local density and generalized gradient approximations. Spin-polarized states are found to be stable for Co ~ferromagnetic! and Fe ~antiferromagnetic at low pressure! The elastic constants of Co and Re are compared to experimental measurements near ambient conditions and excellent agreement is found. Recent measurements of the lattice strain in high pressure experiments when interpreted in terms of elastic constants for Re and Fe are inconsistent with the calculated moduli. @S0163-1829~99! 13525-2#
A Graph-based Bandit Algorithm for Maximum User Coverage in Online Recommendation Systems

We study a type of recommendation systems problem, in which the system must be able to cover as many users’ tastes as possible while users’ tastes change over time. This problem can be viewed as a variation of the maximum coverage problem, where the number of sets and elements within any sets can change dynamically. When the number of distinctive elements is large, an exhaustive search for even a fixed number of elements is known to be computationally expensive. Many known algorithms tend to have exponential growth in complexity. We propose a novel graph based UCB1 algorithm that effectively minimizes the number of elements to consider, thereby reducing the search space greatly. The algorithm utilizes a new rewarding scheme to choose items that satisfy more user types as it construct a relational graph between items to choose. Experiments show that the new algorithm performs better than existing techniques such as Ranked Bandits [17] and Independent Bandits [12] in terms of satisfying diverse types of users while minimizing computational complexity.
UN INSTRUMENTO PARA LA ECOEVALUACIÓN DE LA INTERFAZ TRABAJO FAMILIA EN NUESTRO CONTEXTO

El enriquecimiento trabajo-familia es la magnitud o alcance que las experiencias vividas en un rol (trabajador, por ejemplo) mejoran la calidad de vida en otro rol (padre, por ejemplo), y representa el lado positivo de la interfaz trabajo-familia. Los objetivos de este trabajo son presentar la adaptacion linguistica y conceptual de la escala de Enriquecimiento Trabajo-Familia de Carlson y cols. (2006) y determinar la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento en nuestra muestra. Se administro la escala junto con distintas medidas externas a 76 sujetos de la Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se evaluo la capacidad discriminativa de los items, la homogeneidad de los mismos y evidencias a favor de la validez concurrente y discriminante. Los resultados encontrados indican que la escala de Enriquecimiento Trabajo-Familia es un instrumento valido y confiable para medir el aspecto positivo de la interfaz trabajo-familia en nuestro contexto sociocultural. Palabras clave Trabajo Familia Interfaz Enriquecimiento ABSTRACT AN INSTRUMENT TO ECOEVALUATE WORK-FAMILY INTERFACE IN OUR CONTEXT Work-Family enrichment is how much the experiences in one role (e.g. as a worker) improve the quality of life in the other role (e.g. as a parent), and it represents the positive side of the work-family interface. The aims of this article are to present the linguistic and conceptual adaptation of Carlson’s et al. (2006) Work-Family Enrichment scale, and assess the reliability and validity of the instrument to our sample. The Work-Family Enrichment scale, along with other external measures, was administered to 76 participants from Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Discriminative item capacity, item homogeneity and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity were assessed. Results showed that the Work-Family Enrichment scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the positive aspect of the work-family interface in our socio-cultural context. Key words Work Family Interface Enrichment
Label-free discrimination of cells undergoing apoptosis by hyperspectral confocual reflectance imaging

Among the optical techniques used for exploring the properties of cells and tissues, those based on hyperspectral label-free analysis are particularly interesting due to their non-invasive character and their ability to fast collect a huge number of information on the different sample constituents and their spatial distribution. Here we present results obtained with a novel hyperspectral reflectance confocal microscope of label-free discrimination of cells undergoing apoptosis. Our data, analyzed by means of a powerful statistical method, enable to obtain information on the biological status at a single cell level through the local measurement of reflectivity. Furthermore, an optical model of the local dielectric response gives an additional insight of the parameters linking the optical responsivity to the biological status.
A DCT-Based Driving Cycle Generation Method and Its Application for Electric Vehicles

Nowadays, many widely used driving cycle (DC) representing and generating methods are designed for traditional vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE). The real-world driving is viewed as a sequence of acceleration, cruise, deceleration, and idle modes. The emission and fuel consumption in each period should be taken into account carefully. However, for electric vehicles (EVs), most of them are powered by low or zero-emission renewable energy sources. The working status and energy management algorithms of them are very different from traditional vehicles. To facilitate the EV design, we proposed a novel DC representing and construction method to generate DCs for EVs. The whole driving route is divided into several length-fixed segments and each of these segments is converted into a frequency sequence. After doing that, we can adjust the frequency and amplitude of the generated driving cycle directly. The experiment results showed that the proposed method was effective and convenient.
AC 2009-1345: SPORTS IN ENGINEERING: TWO HANDS-ON EXPERIMENTS

A multidisciplinary team of faculty and students from two universities and a county college have developed a set of hands-on modules to introduce engineering students to mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineering concepts and principles through their application to sports. The modules allow for students to explore topics such as aerodynamics, mechanics of materials and transport. In an aerodynamics module, the students study the effects of the rotation rate and the relative ball velocity on the lift and drag forces on a baseball. These forces play a key role in determination of the trajectory of the ball. In a mechanics module, concepts associated with the mechanics (modulus, stress, strain) of sporting materials are addressed. For these two modules a description of the development, use, and results in addition to feedback acquired from student surveys are presented. Aerodynamics of Sportsballs Ball games date back to ancient times and the earliest representations can be found in carvings in Egyptian temples dating from 1500BC. European monks played for recreation during religious ceremonies, but used their hands; and later the game became popular amongst noblemen and kings. Major Walter Wingfield invented equipment and a game that evolved into modern day tennis, a high-tech competitive sport that captivates millions of players and fans. In many such sports, aerodynamics plays a key role in determining the pressure and shear stress distributions on the sports balls and sporting equipment and in turn affects the forces (lift and drag) that determine their motion [1]. As such, the objectives of this module are to explore the dependencies of the geometry, surface properties, and translational and rotational motion of sports balls and equipment on the lift and drag forces and measure these forces in a windtunnel for a range of representative flow speeds and rotation rates. These forces are then nondimensionalized and the lift and drag coefficients are determined as a function of nondimensional groups including the Reynold's number and the 'Spin Parameter'. The results are then compared to available data in the literature [2-6].
Improved Location of Earthquakes in Sumatra Region using Gauribidanur Seismic Array Data

The aim of this study has been to explore the applicability of an event location method based on PcP and various depth phases, particularly for the earthquakes in Sumatra region with a reasonable degree of accuracy using Gauribidanur short period seismic array data. The method utilizes PcP–P time based distance estimate along with depth and azimuth of the source for locating events in this region. The task to Identify PcP and depth phases is accomplished using array beaming technique that facilitates identification of these phases by virtue of their slownesses across the array. Slowness measurements have been carried out using a software package named SPIDER (Seismic Phase Identifier for Depth and Epicenter Reassessment), developed in Seismology Division, BARC. It has been demonstrated that the arrival time information of PcP and various depth phases obtained from the analyzed array seismogram, together with source azimuth, can be successfully used to reliably locate earthquakes of magnitude ≥ 5.5 in Sumatra region.
MULTI-CLOUD TOKENIZATION MODEL FOR SECURED DATA ACCESS

Now-a-days, many organizations are migrating quickly towards cloud computing environment because it offers various services which includes IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service), SaaS (Software-as-a-Service), PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service), Storage, Database, Security, Process, Information, Application, Integration, Management, Testing-as-a-Service. These services are offered by cloud providers on pay-as-you-go basis. Companies no need to worry in maintaining storage disks and servers if they use cloud service’s platform to run their applications. Even the applications, services, or resources made available to users on demand via the internet from a cloud computing provider’s server. As Cloud computing systems are internet based, there are few concerns with the safety and privacy in managing sensitive data stored remotely. There is a possibility of data theft by hackers in such a case the entire sensitive data can be misused. To overcome this situation, cloud servers adapted various encryption policies to secure the data and this makes the process little bit slow when storing and retrieving the data. So, in this paper we proposed Multi-Cloud Tokenization Model which uses multi-cloud database servers for storing sensitive data along with uniquely generated tokens in one cloud database server and connecting these tokens to main user account and storing into another cloud database server. These tokens are generated in the database and there is no real meaning or mathematical relationship with the original data. But each real data is mapped to token that is uniquely generated in database either randomly or through any means like GUID or UUID (Globally or Universally Unique Identifier) and stored in token vaults, and only main identifier is mapped to generated tokens and stored in cloud database server. As we are not using any encryption policies the data processing and storage speed is comparably good than any of the previous methods. Even this tokenization can be offered as a cloud service for companies and users too. As per our study, there exists tokenization systems from long back but a formal study on this type of multi-cloud model has not been done, yet. So, we can say this process is very efficient and reliable to use after some research and thorough testing.