Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análisis del efecto entalla en la tenacidad aparente y en los micromecanismos de rotura del acero S275JR en condiciones de lower shelf

The fracture resistance of materials is normally hi gher in notched conditions that in cracked conditio ns. In other words, when the notch radius increases there is also an in crease in the apparent fracture toughness, which is that exhibited in notched conditions. This paper presents an analysis of the notch effect on ferritic-pearlitic steel S2 75JR operating within its corresponding lower shelf. With this aim an exp rimental programme on CT specimens is carried out, covering two different temperatures (-90oC and -120oC) and notch radii varying from 0 mm (crack type defects) up to 2.0 mm. Moreover, the research includes a finite elements a alysis of the tested specimens, with the aim of va lidating the apparent fracture toughness predictions provided by the Theory of Critical Distances. The results have shown how this theory provides reasonable predictions of the appar ent f acture toughness of the material The research is completed with the analysis of the evolution of fracture micromechanisms when the notc h radius increases, revealing a direct relation between this evolution and the apparent fracture toughness obse rvations. PALABRAS CLAVE: efecto entalla, Teoría de las Distancias Críticas, tenacidad aparente, Lower Shelf.
The Planning Horizons and Sources of Information Used by Pleasure Vacationers

This study examined differences in vacationers' planning horizons and related them to the purpose of the trip and the length of the trip in terms of mileage and stay. Purposes included desire for excitement, desire for relaxation, and desire for a well-planned trip. These differences were then related to respondents' use of information sources, including print media, broadcast media, consultants, and destination-specific literature.
Gonorrhoea S exu al h ealth

INTRODUCTION: In 2012, the diagnosis rates for gonorrhoea among adults aged 20 to 24 years in the UK were 249 per 100,000 for men and 140 per 100,000 for women. Resistance to one or more antimicrobial agent is reported in more than one quarter of isolates. Co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is reported in 10% to 40% of people with gonorrhoea in the US and UK. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for uncomplicated infections in men and non-pregnant women, and in pregnant women? What are the effects of treatments for disseminated gonococcal infection? What are the effects of dual treatment for gonorrhoea and chlamydia infection? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 7 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antibiotic regimens (dual treatment, multiple dose, single dose). QUESTIONS What are the effects of treatments for uncomplicated infections in men and non-pregnant women? 4 What are the effects of treatments for uncomplicated infections in pregnant women? 6 What are the effects of treatments for disseminated gonococcal infection? 8 What are the effects of dual treatment for gonorrhoea and chlamydia infection? 8 INTERVENTIONS TREATMENT IN MEN AND NON-PREGNANT WOMEN Likely to be beneficial Single-dose antibiotic regimens in men and non-pregnant women† . 4 TREATMENT IN PREGNANCY Likely to be beneficial Single-dose antibiotic regimens in pregnant women† . 6 DISSEMINATED GONORRHOEA Likely to be beneficial Multidose antibiotic regimens for disseminated gonorrhoea* . 8 GONORRHOEA AND CHLAMYDIA Likely to be beneficial Dual antibiotic treatment for gonorrhoea and chlamydia* . 8 Footnote † Based on results in individual arms of RCTs and observational studies. * Based on non-RCT evidence and consensus.
Immunological Study of CD34 Positive Stem Cells in Cord Blood

Problem statement: The Cluster of differentiation CD34 molecule is present on certain cells within the human body . It mediate attachment of stem cells to bone marrow extra cellular matrix or directly to stromal cells. Approach: In this study we studied the amount of expression of CD34 on cord blood stem cells in babies of normal healthy pregnant females and in unhealthy conditions as diabetes. Materials and methods; the count of CD34 cells was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the count of CD34 cellsin the cord blood. The count was higher with normal vaginal delivery, heavier infants and higher leukocytic count, a significant reduction in the count of CD34 cells in the diabetic group. [Omar M. Eldaly; Raghda A. Hafez and Lobna A. Elqurashi. Immunological Study of CD34 Positive Stem Cells in Cord Blood. J Am Sci 2013;9(7):254-260]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 31
9 Anger and Aggression

Anger and aggression in children and adolescents are increasingly important topics to today’s educators and school psychologists. School professionals are confronted not only with the direct effects of anger and aggression, such as threats of violence and fighting among students, but also with the indirect effects that appear in the form of learning difficulties and social adjustment problems. This chapter aims to take a comprehensive look at the problems associated with anger and aggression in today’s youth and at some of the current methods and interventions designed to address those problems.
Innovation and Acquisition : Can M & A improve innovation capacity for the Chinese Companies ?

Innovation capacity is one of the core assets that a company preserves. As one of the indicators of innovation capacity, the number of patent applications in China has increased dramatically last year. Another notable trend observed in China is the rapid growth in Merger and Acquisition (M&A) transactions. Some researchers claim that innovation capacity can be improved by M&A transactions, because such activity generates synergies between target firm and acquiring firm by sharing resources from both sides. However, such studies only covered companies in the United States, where regulations for M&A transactions and patent system are comparatively mature. Therefore, I want to understand whether M&A transaction affects the innovation capacity of Chinese companies. Based on the empirical research on a series of datasets of Chinese companies, I find that M&A activities in China have little influence on the innovation capacity of the Acquiring side. Instead, some company characteristics such as research & development expenditure and EBIT showcased strong significance in the relevant regressions. Moreover, different behaviors among industries are observed in the regressions. Several industries were influenced by M&A activities more than other industries, especially in terms of patent quality. To a certain degree, my study indicates that for Chinese companies nowadays, taking M&A deals to improve innovation capacity is not so efficient as investing in their R&D department.
Scope and Structure of the Journal Literature in Educational Research

The number of educational research publications seems to be growing rapidly, and it is difficult to achieve much consensus on such questions as the size and scope of the journal literature, the structure and interrelationship of its parts, the "core" journals, and the "sociometry" of citations among the journals. Such questions, however, can be answered empirically, and the growing literature on the structure of scientific communication reveals interest ing, important, and replicable findings in psychology, physics, and other scientific fields (Garfield, 1979; Pinski & Narin, 1979; Xhignesse & Osgood, 1967). This paper presents an exploratory investigation of the scope and structure of the journal l i terature in educational research.
Eficiencia y equidad del gasto público en educación como clave para el desarrollo de las provincias argentinas

Resumen Este trabajo estudia la equidad y la eficiencia del gasto público en educación básica que realizan las jurisdicciones sub-nacionales de Argentina y a su vez explora la relación entre ambos aspectos con el nivel de desarrollo de las mismas. Los resultados hallados sostienen que: i) el gasto en educación resulta pro-pobre y progresivo, provocando mejoras en la distribución del ingreso de cada jurisdicción; ii) el análisis de eficiencia sugiere que existen espacios para mejorar la ejecución de dicho gasto; y iii) aquellas jurisdicciones que muestran un gasto más equitativo y eficiente están asociadas a un mayor nivel de desarrollo. De este modo, mejorar en la focalización y en el uso óptimo del gasto público educativo se vuelven aspectos cruciales para una distribución del ingreso más igualitaria y un uso más eficiente de los recursos, sobre todo en aquellas regiones menos desarrolladas
DETECTION OF CORN KERNELS INFECTED BY FUNGI

Single-kernel reflectance spectra (550 to 1700 nm), visible color reflectance images, x-ray images, multi-spectral transmittance images (visible and NIR), and physical properties (mass, length, width, thickness, and cross-sectional area) were analyzed to determine if they could be used to detect fungal-infected corn kernels. Kernels were collected from corn ears inoculated with one of several different common fungi several weeks before harvest, and then collected at harvest time. It was found that two NIR reflectance spectral bands centered at 715 nm and 965 nm could correctly identify 98.1% of asymptomatic kernels and 96.6% of kernels showing extensive discoloration and infected with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Diplodia maydis, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides, or Trichoderma viride. These two spectral bands can easily be implemented on high-speed sorting machines for removal of fungal-damaged grain. Histogram features from three transmittance images (blue and red components of color images and another at 960 nm) can distinguish 91.9% of infected kernels with extensive discoloration from 96.2% of asymptomatic kernels. Similar classification accuracies were achieved using x-ray images and physical properties (kernel thickness, weight, length). A neural network was trained to identify infecting fungal species on single kernels using principle components of the reflectance spectra as input features.
The Challenge of Change

In Australian education, we see a growing demand for improvement and change. Not only are learning organisations seeing a development in the Australian Curriculum but teachers, middle leaders and educational administrators are being challenged to change, improve and update current educational practices to meet the demands of an ever changing world. The question that many educational administrators are currently addressing is, are we up for the task? This is the ultimate challenge for educational institutions as many educators at all levels within the education system are not necessarily enthusiastic about change and see the prospect of improvement as a threat rather than an opportunity. In order to move forward it is essential to examine the idea of what it means to be a professional community working together. It is also necessary to examine the struggles and difficulties inherent in the change process and recognise that the real power base of any effective change in the schooling context is cognitive conflict and the power of group decision making.
Creative interthinking: interthinking creatively

In this paper, we first recreate parts of a performance (using dialogue, mime, music, and poetry) developed collaboratively by creative artists and applied linguists. The performance was staged within a complex (multi-sited/modal/-lingual/-disciplinary) project, Researching Multilingually at the Borders of Language, the Body, Law and the State. This project researches interpretation, translation and multilingual practices in contexts where language use is marked by institutional, psychological and political ‘pain’ and ‘pressure’. Second, we extend Littleton and Mercer’s (2013) ‘interthinking' to reflect on the performance and consider its deepening of our individual and collective project understandings. As framed by this understanding of ‘performance-as-interthinking’, we reflect on our collaborative creative spaces and processes (i.e. on our multimodal creative interthinking) and how these enabled new, more embodied, insights into the previously un(der)-articulated, and incompletely understood complexities and focus of the project.
Chapter A Study on the Value of B 2 B E-Commerce : The Case of Web-based Procurement

Web-enabled business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce enhances interorganizational coordination and results in transaction cost savings and competitive sourcing opportunities for the buyer organization. However, organizations are unsure if this is an improvement over existing information technology such as EDI. In particular, what is the value of B2B e-commerce to a buyer organization and how to measure this value? What factors most affect the realization of the value of B2B e-commerce? Using the case of Web-based B2B procurement system, we propose a framework to quantify and measure the value of B2B e-commerce system and identify the factors that determine this value. Our analysis indicates that, even though all stages of B2B procurement is affected by the Web, the value of Web-based procurement is most determined by the process characteristics, organization of business units and the “extended enterprise”.
La critique d'art au banc d'essai des humanités numériques

L'activite de la critique d'art est vue sous l'angle des humanites numeriques, les methodes employees reposant sur une collaboration entre deux disciplines differentes mais defendant la necessite d'un travail commun base sur la reciprocite des apports. Le traitement automatique des langues propose d'adapter ses techniques aux besoins des philosophes de l'art qui peuvent ainsi mener des analyses habituellement hors de portee notamment de par la quantite des textes disponibles.
Biopharmaceutical classification system: A strategic tool for oral drug delivery technology

The biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) is a new concept in the field of pharmaceutical science and technology. This is a valuable tool for the formulation scientists, for the selection and design of the formulation of any drug substance. The recent developments have also enabled us to predict the solubility and permeability characteristics of the drug molecule in the early development stages so that the necessary structural changes can be made to the molecule in order to optimize the pharmacokinetic parameters.The BCS has also got a place in various guidance documents of regulatory mportance. This article reviews the criteria for classifying drugs according to the BCS and discusses further potential applications of the BCS, including the developments of new drugs and controlled release products.
Queues Driven by Hawkes Processes

Many stochastic systems have arrival processes that exhibit clustering behavior. In these systems, arriving entities influence additional arrivals to occur through self-excitation of the arrival process. In this paper, we analyze an infinite server queueing system in which the arrivals are driven by the self-exciting Hawkes process and where service follows a phase-type distribution or is deterministic. In the phase-type setting, we derive differential equations for the moments and a partial differential equation for the moment generating function; we also derive exact expressions for the transient and steady-state mean, variance, and covariances. Furthermore, we also derive exact expressions for the auto-covariance of the queue and provide an expression for the cumulant moment generating function in terms of a single ordinary differential equation. In the deterministic service setting, we provide exact expressions for the first and second moments and the queue auto-covariance. As motivation for our Hawkes queueing model, we demonstrate its usefulness through two novel applications. These applications are trending internet traffic and arrivals to nightclubs. In the web traffic setting, we investigate the impact of a click. In the nightclub or "Club Queue" setting, we design an optimal control problem for the rate to admit club-goers.
The emergence of selective trust in early childhood

Children cannot check the veracity of many of the claims they hear. When told the name of an unfamiliar object, or presented with various historical, scientific or metaphysical claims, they typically have to accept such information on trust. Nevertheless, on those occasions when they can check an informant’s claims against known facts or prior assertions, children are in a position to form an assessment of the trustworthiness of their informant. In a series of experiments, we show that preschool children aged 3and 4 years monitor informants’ reliability in this fashion. When a particular informant is accurate children prefer to seek and accept information from her rather than from someone who has proved inaccurate. Among 4-year-olds, this monitoring for reliability moderates children’s trust in familiar as well as unfamiliar informants.
Bewertung der Riester-Rente: Volkswirtschaftliche Kriterien und Anforderungen an die Daten*

Abstract Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt volkswirtschaftliche Kriterien für eine ökonomische Bewertung der Riester-Reform und zeigt, dass sich der Erfolg der Reform nicht alleine an Einzelindikatoren wie der Anzahl der abgeschlossenen Verträge bemessen lässt. Hierauf aufbauend wird gezeigt, dass die bestehende Datenlage nur bedingt für eine Evaluation der Riester-Reform geeignet ist. Daher werden abschließend Vorschläge für eine Verbesserung der Dateninfrastruktur entwickelt.
A Decisão de Compra de Veículos Adaptados por Consumidores com Deficiência Motora

Although such information is not widely disseminate d in Brazil people who have certain types of physical disabilities can drive as long as the car is tailored to your needs. This research aims to know and explore the process of pu rchasing decision of cars adapted for people with physical disabilities in Brazil. The li terature suggests that adapted motor vehicles may be able to change the lives of such consumers, but little is known about the motives or the problems they face in the buying process. The s urvey was conducted based on netnography, this proved to be a good way, since pe ople with physical disabilities tend to use the online environment as a means of communication nd interaction with others. Information gathering lasted for three years and was carried ou t in e-mail groups and blogs. The material obtained in all stages of data collection went for the content analysis protocol. The results analysis categories were defined using the steps in the purchasing decision process: (i) issue of recognition; (Ii) Search for information; (Iii) alternative evaluation; (Iv) Purchase Decision; A decisão de compra de veículos adaptados por consu midores com deficiência motora Marina Dias de Faria, Leticia Moreira Casotti, José Luis Felicio dos Santos de Carvalho Revista de Administração da UNIMEP – v.14, n.2, Set mbro/Dezembro – 2016. Página 114 and (v) post-purchase evaluation. Thus, the analyze d material was categorized into five groups that received the names of these steps. It i interesting to note that for the DP, this process in its entirety is called "novel". In descr ibing the process of buying an adapted car, many research subjects indicated difficulties, and the process usually spend time, hence the recurrent use of the term "novel". The results of t heoretical and empirical research netnográfica base show that often the search for au t nomy starts the car buying process, and that, at all stages of the process, multiply the di fficulties that consumers with disabilities need face. Owners adapted vehicles confirmed that the de sired independence can be achieved with the car, despite the difficulties of the acquisitio n, maintenance and use of the vehicle. Many possibilities for future research may be considered based on the results of this exploratory study. The testimony indicated that the lack of urb an mobility evidenced, for example, the difficulties in reaching the consumption of local a nd those faced in the commercial center car parks without demarcated spaces is closely relate d to the inhibition of various social roles as students, workers and consumers, which should be wi d ly exercised by the DP. Thus, it can be a good way for students in marketing undertake a n ffort to seek to understand the impact of the lack of urban mobility in the consumption of people with disabilities. In management of people and organizations, we can study this impact on how these people interact with the company as workers.
Tính toán tối ưu sử dụng thuật toán lai tạo thành bởi thuật toán tiến hóa vi sai và tối ưu suy giảm độ dốc

In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm HDE is created by combining a traditional differential evolution algorithm and a gradient descent method. Initially, we use global searching ability of the DE algorithm to find the global optimal solution in the search space and then precise local seaching of the GD method in that region to converge to optimal solution. The performance of HDE algorithm is tested on some benchmark functions and is compared with the other algorithms such as particle swarm optimization and traditional differential evolution. These results demonstrate the performance and efficiency of HDE algorithm.
Series Working Paper No . 13-004 The Price Elasticity of Marijuana Demand

This paper uses crowd-sourced transaction data from a cross-section of the US to examine demand for marijuana. State and regional variations in consumption, price and quality are explored. Price elasticity of demand estimates range between -0.3 and -0.6. Noticeable price differences are found between high, medium, and low quality marijuana, with high quality marijuana, at $13.57 per gram, 144% greater than low quality marijuana, at $5.55 a gram. Significant variation is also found by medical marijuana status and census region, although this variation depends critically on the quality of the marijuana.
Preverb Climbing in Hungarian

This paper offers an account of the distributional possibilities of Hungarian preverbal particles in the autolexical framework proposed in Sadock 1985. We show how a complex range of facts can be predicted from the interaction of a few independently motivated assumptions once autonomous modules of the grammar are allowed to assign partially noncongruent representations to the same linguistic entity. In the course of the discussion the Incorporative Principle of Sadock 1985 is extended and turned into a general constraint on allowable discrepancies between representations contributed by various components of the grammar. *