Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct-Global Separation for Improved Imaging

Camera-based estimation of vital signs has made significant progress in last few years. Despite of the significant algorithmic advances, the low signal-to-background ratio in video-based photoplethysmography continues to be a performance bottleneck. One of the main challenges is that much of the light returning to the camera from the subject is surface reflection from the skin and other dermal layers, and hence does not contain any pulsatile blood perfusion information to estimate photoplesthysmogram (PPG). In this paper, we show that direct-global separation techniques designed to reject much of the surface reflection photons can improve the signal-to-background ratio in the raw captured video signal. We study two techniques for the suppression of direct surface reflection (a) cross-polarization and (b) structured illumination. Using a dataset from 28 participants, our results show an average SNR improvement in estimating PPG from the use of structured illumination is 1.42 dB compared to the brightfield illumination. The use of cross-polarizers leads to an average SNR increase of 1.49 dB compared to brightfield illumination. And the combined structured illumination and polarizer method increases the SNR on the average by 1.90 dB compared to the brightfield illumination. The key result is that local PPG estimate SNR can increase to more than 5.63dB, enabling very large gains on regions with a large specular component. The RMSE decreased 55% and the range of error reduced by 12.9% with the use of a polarizer and structured illumination.
Computational Genome Analysis Using The G-language System

Computational genome analysis requires sophisticated workflows, seamlessly uniting multiple tools and algorithms. In order to maximize the productivity of genomics research with bioinformatics, a computational framework that allows rapid integration of available resources is desirable. G-language Genome Analysis Environment is a generic open-source workbench for this purpose, with the aim to: 1) construct an integrated analysis and development environment for bioinformatics, 2) systematically accumulate and implement existing algorithms and data, and to 3) aid the construction of analysis workflows. This system provides over 200 analysis methods for genome informatics and systems biology, with programmable interfaces, an interactive command-line shell, and a graphical user interface. Here we review the methods and algorithms implemented in this system especially focusing on genome informatics analysis, including methods for the identification of sequences with significant information content using information theory, observation of nucleotide composition and genomic compositional asymmetry, calculation of codon bias measures and prediction of gene expression levels, and statistical analysis of short oligomers such as short tandem repeats and palindromes. Since these methods are combined with several other applications and algorithms to produce a workflow in genome informatics research for studying specific biological questions, we also present brief overviews of workflows utilizing these algorithms used in several genomic studies.
Calibrated Bayes

The lack of an agreed inferential basis for statistics makes life “interesting” for academic statisticians, but at the price of negative implications for the status of statistics in industry, science, and government. The practice of our discipline will mature only when we can come to a basic agreement about how to apply statistics to real problems. Simple and more general illustrations are given of the negative consequences of the existing schism between frequentists and Bayesians. An assessment of strengths and weaknesses of the frequentist and Bayes systems of inference suggests that calibrated Bayes—a compromise based on the works of Box, Rubin, and others—captures the strengths of both approaches and provides a roadmap for future advances. The approach asserts that inferences under a particular model should be Bayesian, but model assessment can and should involve frequentist ideas. This article also discusses some implications of this proposed compromise for the teaching and practice of statistics.
Observation of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Active Galactic Nucleus 1ES 1959+650 Using the MAGIC Telescope

The MAGIC Cerenkov telescope has observed very high energy (VHE) γ-ray emission from the active galactic nucleus 1ES 1959+650 during 6 hr in 2004 September and October. The observations were carried out alternating with observations of the Crab Nebula, whose data were used as a reference source for optimizing γ -ray/hadron separation and for flux comparison. The data analysis shows VHE γ-ray emission of 1ES 1959+650 with ~8 σ significance, at a time of low activity in both optical and X-ray wavelengths. An integral flux above ~180 GeV of about 20% that of the Crab Nebula was obtained. The light curve, sampled over 7 days, shows no significant variations. The differential energy spectrum between 180 GeV and 2 TeV can be fitted with a power-law of index -2.72 ± 0.14. The spectrum is consistent with the slightly steeper spectrum seen by HEGRA at higher energies, also during periods of low X-ray activity.
Dietary Awareness of Saudi Women with Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of carbohydrate intolerance that was first recognized during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to find out the dietary pattern and health awareness of Saudi women with GDM. Two hundred thirty Saudi pregnant women between 21-44 years old in their 24 to 28 week of gestation, were randomly selected from private health centers in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. All subjects were screened for GDM and women with GDM were enrolled in the study. Data on socio demographic, health history, lifestyle, frequency of consumption of selected foods and beverages, meals number, regularity of breakfast, and relationship between some foods and diabetes were reported. Results revealed that 76 women were diagnosed as gestational diabetics; their mean fasting blood glucose was 174.2±31.3 mg/dl. The pregnancy frequency numbers for most of GDM women were 4 to 6 times (55.4%). About one third of subjects suffered from GDM in previous pregnancies, and diabetes mellitus is prevalent among 67.1% of their families. All subjects were eating not less than three meals per day and most of them eat three meals. Some of the women with GDM do not eat fresh vegetables, while 52.6% and 51.3% of them used to eat fresh fruits and citrus fruits respectively. The data revealed that 82.9% used to drink fresh fruit juice. In conclusion: Saudi women with GDM need dietary counseling, and nutritionists to suggest special dietary strategies for them.
Sagittal Lumbar Alignment Following Axial Lumbar Interbody Fusion with TranS1

Design: Retrospective study. Objective: To examine and compare pre/postoperative sagittal alignment of the lumbar spine following AxiaLIF® and to identify patient category with respect to preservation/restoration of lumbar lordosis. Background: Interbody arthrodesisis an effective treatment for lower back pain and provides immediate structural support with high fusion rates. AxiaLIF® is an interbody device to be implanted through a paracoccygeal approach. Sagittal alignment change after AxiaLIF® has not been studied in past literature. Methods: Retrospective study of all patients who underwent a 360° lumbar interbody fusion at L5-S1 and L4-S1 with AxiaLIF® between Nov. 2008 and Sept. 2009. Surgeries were performed with patients prone on a Jackson table. Lumbar Cobb angles were measured at L1-S1, L4-S1 and individual lumbar levels. The sacral slope and percentage of total lordosis coming from the L4-S1 levels were also recorded. Results: 60 patients identified for inclusion (mean age: 44 years). No difference in total average lordosis was observed preoperatively (47.9o) versus postoperatively (47.7o). The difference between pre and postoperative Cobb angles at the L4-S1 and L4-L5 levels was statistically significant (p=0.022 and 0.029, respectively). The change in percentage of total lordosis coming from L4-S1 segments (68.9% preoperatively vs. 56.5% postoperatively) was also significantly different (p=0.0004). A >10o postoperative change in total lordosis, L4-S1, and SS occurred in 18%, 20%, and 11% respectively. 50% and 43% of patients had a >5o change at the individual segments of L4-L5 and L5-S1. Conclusions: A significant portion single and multilevel fusions with AxiaLIF® had a statistically significant change at the L4-5 and L4-S1 levels. The percentage of total lordosis from the L4-S1 level decreased significantly in the multilevel group. Further observation will determine if change in alignment will impact outcomes or accelerate adjacent level disease.
Inseparable Galois theory of exponent one

An exponent one inseparable Galois theory for commutative ring extensions of prime characteristic p ? 0 is given in this paper. Let C be a commutative ring of prime characteristic p $0. Let g be both a C-module and a restricted Lie ring of derivations on C and denote by A the kernel of g, i.e., the set of all x in C such that t3x=0 for all a in g. We say C over A is a purely inseparable Galois extension of exponent one if and only if C is finitely generated projective as A-module and C[g] = HomA (C, C). In this paper, we present a Galois correspondence between the restricted Lie subrings of g which are also C-module direct summands of g and the intermediate rings between C and A over which locally C admits p-basis. The Galois hypothesis C[g]= HomA (C, C) used here is an analog of the separable Galois hypothesis used in [7] and [8]. In case C is a field, our theory reduces to Jacobson's Galois theory for purely inseparable field extensions of exponent one. In a subsequent paper [6], we shall present the attendant Galois cohomology results. Among other things, we shall show that there is an exact sequence 0 -O L(C/A) -P(A) -P(C) -&(g, C) -B(C/A) -O 0, where B(C/A) is the Brauer group for C over A, 9(g, C) is Hochschild's group of regular restricted Lie algebra extensions of C by g, P is the functor of taking rank one projective class group and L(C/A) is the logarithmic derivative group. We also show that the Amitsur cohomology groups Hn + 2(C/A, Gm), n >0, are isomorphic to Hochschild's groups (Cn OA g, Cn +1) of regular restricted Lie algebra extensions of Cn + 1, the n + 1-fold tensor product C OA . OA C, by Cn ? A gAll rings in the following are assumed to be commutative with 1. If A is a subring of a ring C we understand that both A and C have the same identity. By an A-algebra C we mean that A is a subring of C. Finally all ring-homomorphisms and modules are unitary. 1. LEMMA. Let C be a ring of prime characteristic p & 0, and let A be a subring of C such that tP E A for all t in C. Then Spec C is canonically homeomorphic to Spec A. Received by the editors July 8, 1968 and, in revised form, October 2, 1969. AMS Subject Classifications. Primary 1370.
Athens Institute for Education and Research ATINER ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series CBC 2014-1344

Online transaction for business and individual purchases is now becoming routine works for the users worldwide due to the inception, development and rapid expansion of World Wide Web in last three decades. The internet era in Malaysia started during the year 1995 and since then dramatic changes have taken place in terms of internet facilities and customers’ perceptions. The main objective of the current study is to explore the challenges the Malaysian consumers face in terms of e-commerce experiences with small businesses in general and, in particular, to identify the ranks of bad experiences they encounter within the framework of descriptive statistics and multiple regressions based on a questionnaire approach. In addition, the study also looks into the potential impacts of demographic profiles of respondents on the ecommerce experiences in general and bad experiences in particular using one way ANOVA. The results suggest that e-commerce users face highest challenges with after purchase services followed by overall quality, usage experience, value, and installation. Regarding bad experiences, slow internet appears on the top of the list followed by slow delivery of the products, unfriendly website, poor quality products, complicated payment system, and unsecured operations. Although many previous studies of the last decade identified that security concern is the top barrier of e-commerce adoption, this study reveals that security issue is no longer serious issue for Malaysian customers. The demographic characteristics such as gender, race and income have significant impacts on the level of satisfaction perceived in the ecommerce transaction while regarding bad experiences the demographic profiles have little or no impacts. The results of this study provide insights to the policymakers and business practitioners to address the issues of after purchase services and slow internet.
Modelling targets for anticancer drug control optimization in physiologically structured cell population models

The main two pitfalls of therapeutics in clinical oncology, that limit increasing drug doses, are unwanted toxic side effects on healthy cell populations and occurrence of resistance to drugs in cancer cell populations. Depending on the constraint considered in the control problem at stake, toxicity or drug resistance, we present two different ways to model the evolution of proliferating cell populations, healthy and cancer, under the control of anti-cancer drugs. In the first case, we use a McKendrick age-structured model of the cell cycle, whereas in the second case, we use a model of evolutionary dynamics, physiologically structured according to a continuous phenotype standing for drug resistance. In both cases, we mention how drug targets may be chosen so as to accurately represent the effects of cytotoxic and of cytostatic drugs, separately, and how one may consider the problem of optimisation of combined therapies.
Management of High Blood Pressure in Pediatrics

Background: The diagnosis of systemic hypertension is missed in the majority of cases as familiarity with pediatric hypertension among clinicians is poor so it is usually a silent killer . We aimed to evaluate the management lines for systemic hypertension of children attended to ASSIUT university childrens hospital with systemic hypertension. Patients and methods: it is a prospective study that included all cases with systemic hypertension admitted to Assiut university childrens` hospital from 1st July 2015 to 31 January 2016. Patients were evaluated for detection of the causes of secondary hypertension, associated comorbidities including fasting lipid panel and fasting serum glucose level . and for target organ damage including retinopathy ,nephropathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and neuropathy. They were also evaluated for blood pressure control using pharmacological and non pharmacological lines . Results: we found that all patients were treated with antihypertensive drugs , 72% of patients were on polytherapy while the rest of patients were on monotherapy. Blood pressure was controlled in all patients on monoyherapy but controlled only in 73% of patients on polytherapy. Conclusion: The causes of resistant hypertension in uncontrolled patients mostly due to renal causes such as chronic renal failure and nephritic syndrome and rapid progressive glomerulonephritis
SLIDING NOT SLOSHING IN A3744: THE INFLUENCE OF RADIO GALAXIES NGC 7018 AND 7016 ON CLUSTER GAS

We present new X-ray (Chandra) and radio (JVLA) observations of the nearby cluster A3744. It hosts two prominent radio galaxies with powers in the range critical for radio-mode feedback. The radio emission from these galaxies terminates in buoyant tendrils reaching the cluster's outer edge, and the radio-emitting plasma clearly influences the cluster's X-ray-emitting atmosphere. The cluster's average gas temperature, of kT = 3.5 keV, is high for its bolometric luminosity of 3.2 × 1043 erg s−1, but the 100 kpc-scale cavity carved out by radio-emitting plasma shows evidence of less than 2% of the excess enthalpy. We suggest instead that a high-velocity encounter with a galaxy group is responsible for dispersing and increasing the entropy of the gas in this non-cool-core cluster. We see no evidence for shocks, or established isobaric gas motions (sloshing), but there is much sub-structure associated with a dynamically active central region that encompasses the brightest radio emission. Gas heating is evident in directions perpendicular to the inferred line of encounter between the infalling group and cluster. The radio-emitting tendrils run along boundaries between gas of different temperature, apparently lubricating the gas flows and inhibiting heat transfer. The first stages of the encounter may have helped trigger the radio galaxies into their current phase of activity, where we see X-rays from the nuclei, jets, and hotspots.
An approach to fault diagnosis for rotating machinery based on feature reconstruction with LCD and t-SNE

It is crucial to effectively and accurately diagnose fault of rotating machinery. However, high dimension characteristic of features, which are extracted from vibration signals of Rotating machinery, makes it difficult to recognize accurately fault mode. To resolve this problem, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is introduced to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector in this paper. Therefore, the article proposes a method for fault diagnosis of Rotating machinery based on local characteristic decomposition-sample entropy (LCD-SampEn), t-SNE and random forest (RF). Firstly, original vibration signals of rotating machinery are decomposed to a number of ISCs by the LCD. Then, feature vector is obtained through calculating SampEn of each ISC. Subsequently, the t-SNE is used to reduce the dimension of the feature vectors. Finally, the reconstructed feature vectors are applied to the RF for implementing the classification of fault patterns. Two cases are studied based on the experimental data of bearing and hydraulic pump fault diagnosis, in which the proposed method can achieve 98.22 % and 98.75 % of diagnosis rate respectively. Compared with the pear methods, the proposed approach exhibits the best performance. The results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the present method.
Follow-up Experimental Designs for Computer Models and Physical Processes

In many branches of physical science, when the complex physical phenomena are either too expensive or too time consuming to observe, deterministic computer codes are often used to simulate these processes. Nonetheless, true physical processes are also observed in some disciplines. It is preferred to integrate both the true physical process and the computer model data for better understanding of the underlying phenomena. In this paper, we develop a methodology for selecting optimal follow-up designs based on integrated mean squared error that help us capture and reduce prediction uncertainty as much as possible. We also compare the efficiency of the optimal designs with the intuitive choices for the follow-up computer and field trials.
Wear behavior of oxidized Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (at. %), Ti-6Al-4V and Cp-Ti under dry and lubricated conditions

Gamma titanium aluminide (gamma-TiAl) is a titanium alloy which contains no vanadium and appears to have potential for biomedical applications such as joint prostheses. The tribomechanical properties of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (at. %) (gamma- TiAl) subjected to oxidation in air at 500°C and 800°C were determined by standard wear tests using a hardened stainless steel (SS) pin in a linearly reciprocating mode under both dry and lubricated (Ringer’s solution) media. Similar properties for CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V were measured for comparison. The lowest mean mass loss was obtained for oxidized gamma-TiAl alloy indicating excellent wear resistance. The dominant wear mechanism on all the Ti alloy samples was abrasion. The oxidation temperature had a minimal effect on the wear of gamma-TiAl but was significant for the other two alloys.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Succinimides by Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Maleimides Organocatalyzed by Chiral Primary Amine‐Guanidines

The authors thank the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MEC) (projects CTQ2010-20387, CTQ2010-21263-C02, and Consolider Ingenio 2010, CSD2007-00006), the Fondos Europeos para el Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), the COST Action CM0905 “Organocatalysis”, the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2009/039), the Basque Government (GV grant IT-291-07), the University of Alicante, and the University of the Basque Country for the financial support.
Early childhood caries-from materia alba to the oral microbiome

Caries is a biofilm-mediated disease resulting from a complex interaction between the commensal microbiota, host susceptibility and environmental factors such as diet [Wade, 2013]. When appearing in infants and toddlers, early childhood caries (ECC) is a complex condition associated with impaired oral health-related quality of life and high costs for families, as well as society. There are numerous biological, medical, behavioral, psychological, cultural, and life-style factors associated with the disease that together with deficient parental support are behind its etiology. Fluoridated toothpaste and fluoride varnish together with motivational interviewing are currently the most effective strategies to prevent ECC while the treatment relies on sealants, temporary restorations, and traditional restorative care [Twetman and Dhar, 2015]. This paper will focus on the microbial aspects of the disease and recent insights in the oral microbiome in relation to early childhood caries.
An optimization model for electricity usage in smart homes

Smart homes have the potential to achieve optimal energy consumption with appropriate scheduling. It is expected that 35% of households in North America and 20% in Europe will be smart homes by 2020. However, current optimization models have limitations on the number of appliances considered and/or their reliability. This paper presents a new appliance-oriented integrated linear optimization model that finds an optimal trade-off between cost and comfort. We consider the use of energy in equipment, appliances, and electric vehicles and take into account renewable local generation, batteries, and demand-response. We use selected models from the literature and analyze them in detail. Our model can be used to find an optimal consumption pattern and the corresponding trade-off between cost and comfort. We present computational results to validate the model and indicate how it overcomes the limitations of previous models.
PERFORMANCE OF AN INTRUSION-TOLERANT GOSSIP PROTOCOL

Gossip-based communication protocols have a number of desirable properties, including scalability and resilience to crash faults. However, very little work has been done in developing gossip protocols that are intrusion-tolerant, i.e., that are able to provide useful services even while the system is under attack or has been compromised. We present implementation details and performance results for StarblabIT, an intrusion-tolerant gossip-based group communication system. Our system combines the scalability and resilience of a gossip protocol along with the ability to provide useful services even during and after the system has been compromised or damaged due to an accident or intrusion. Performance results for our system indicate that the latency is scalable to large systems and that the throughput is quite high for an intrusion-tolerant