Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Text-independent speaker verification using discriminant neural networks classifier

In this paper, an evaluation of various discriminant neural networks classifiers for text- independent speaker verification problem is presented. Each person to be verified has a personalized neural network model. A new classifier called neural tree network (NTN) is also examined for this application. The memoryless feedforward neural network architecture makes decisions based on static features. Time delay neural network (TDNNs) have proved to be an efficient way to handle the dynamic nature of speech. Furthermore, a model called recurrent time delay neural networks (RTDNNs), obtained through a local feedback connection at the first hidden layer level of TDNNs is investigated. The training is carried out by backpropagation for sequence algorithm. The database used is a subset of the TIMIT database consisting of 38 speakers from the same dialect region. The NTN is compared with the MLP, TDNN, and RTDNN. It is shown that NTN is found to perform better than the other neural networks classifiers. Also, a little bit performance improvement was achieved due to the addition of temporal information for text-independent speaker verification problem using TDNNs and RTDNNs. Finally, we described the experimental results obtained using different neural network models.
Exploiting design patterns to automate validation of class invariants: Research Articles

In this paper, techniques are presented that exploit two design patterns, the Visitor pattern and the Decorator pattern, to validate invariants about the data attributes in a C++ class automatically. To investigate the pragmatics involved in using the two patterns, a study of an existing, well-tested application, keystone, a parser and front-end for the C++ language, is presented. Results from the study indicate that these two patterns provide flexibility in terms of the frequency and level of granularity of validation of the class invariants, which are expressed in the Object Constraint Language (OCL). The quantitative results measure the impact of these approaches and the additional faults uncovered through validation of the case study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Web Based E-Learning System for C-Language

This paper introduces a Web-based tutoring system for computer programming that provides an integrated environment for web programming. The proposed system is web-based. It provides an online editor for writing, editing, updating, and executing programming code, so the students can execute examples and practical exercises online, it can help a student navigate through the online course materials, recommend learning goals, and generate appropriate reading sequences. In addition, it provides auto complete and syntax highlighting in editing code, which could help students to remember the syntax more easily. The proposed system provides communication and interactive forum among students and teachers. And it provides the teachers with an online exam system. It monitors, collects and keeps information about students performance and activities. Therefore, teachers can use the recorded information to keep tracking of the students progress.
Simple Transmission Performance Analysis System of Digital Signal Using FPGA

This article has designed a digital signal transmission performance analysis system using FPGA. It uses FPGA to generate the m-sequence whose frequency can be adjusted step by step and it uses Manchester encoding. Through the transmission channel, a fast bit synchronization detection arithmetic is used to abstract bit synchronization clock by FPGA. The oscilloscope can use the bit synchronization clock to observe eye diagram and other information. The system has the advantages of good transplant, small size, low-power consumption and high reliability.
IPv6: the new Internet protocol

The current version of the Internet protocol (IP) is becoming obsolete because of its limited address space, lack of needed functionality and inadequate security features. The next generation of IP, called IPv6, has now been standardized and will carry TCP/IP networks and applications well into the next century. This article begins with an overview of the role of an internet protocol, looks at the motivation for developing a new version of the IP, and then examines some of its details.
First results with the software package CAPACITY for cost modeling of PACS

An essential element in the decision of introducing a PACS will be its financial implication. We all hope PACS will come affordable at a certain point in time because of the decreasing hardware prices. However there is a wide variety of opinions about the moment the savings of PACS will exceed its costs. A software package for cost modelling of PACS, named CAPACITY, was developed by BAZIS in order to to get a better understanding of the cost characteristics of PACS. CAPACITY makes a cost comparison over the years thus indicating the moment of break even. User given input values are checked by a critique module and a file of cases can be maintained. One of the activities within the Dutch PACS project, a cooperative effort of BAZIS, the Utrecht University Hospital (UUH) and Philips Medical Systems is to indicate the costs of a PACS in the Utrecht University Hospital. A number of scenarios for a PACS in the Utrecht University Hospital have been defined and evaluated with the software package CAPACITY. The results will be discussed and it will be shown that the workstations play a major role.
Model-based design of tools for business understanding and re-engineering

Tools can provide useful assistance for business re-engineering planning. Activities such as business knowledge acquisition, business process modeling, performance, quality and impact analysis can all be done more effectively if supported by proper tools. In this paper, we describe a design scenario for business understanding and re-engineering tools that is based on the systematic modeling of business knowledge. The business knowledge model forms a conceptual schema for the tool repository. We start by building a generic business model. As both the model and required tool characteristics vary from company to company and from one business re-engineering project to another, we customize the generic model and tools to reflect needs of a given company and a business re-engineering project in hand. We achieve a required level of tool flexibility by applying meta-CASE techniques. The physical repository schema and tools themselves are automatically generated from the customized business model specifications. In this paper, we focus on tools and analysis methods that have not been extensively described in other sources. We describe an interview assistant tool, support for impact analysis, and an end-user query language in which a user can define new business analysis methods that are not supported by a generic tool environment.
A high bit rate transmission technique in mobile radio cellular environment

A transmission technique using four-level quadrature amplitude modulation and decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) has been studied to find the maximum achievable bit rate in a mobile communication channel. The work was performed to design the radio subsystem for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) within the RACE 1043 Mobile Project. After a brief description of the technique for a time division multiple access system (TDMA), the author presents simulations on bit error rate (BER) at the receiver output as a function of E/sub b//N/sub 0/ or C/I. Better performances and shorter TDMA blocks are observed. Performances are further improved by using a prefilter prior to the DFSE which turns the channel impulse response into a minimum phase response. <<ETX>>
Color edge detectors based on multivariate ordering

Color edge detection is approached in this paper using vector order statistics. Based on the R- ordering method, a class of color edge detectors is defined. These detectors function as vector operators. Specific edge detectors can be obtained as special cases of this class. Various such detectors are defined and analyzed. Experimental results show the noise robustness of the vector order statistics operators. A quantitative evaluation and comparison to other color edge detectors favors our approach.
Usefulness of Software Valuation Methods at Initial Stages of ERP Implementation

Abstract This work discusses the problem of selecting methods for valuing the costs and estimating the time of implementing computer systems in cases when system modification is necessary. The methods presented in literature are reviewed and the stages of strategic phase of implementation characterised. On the basis of the analysis of data required by each method and the data obtained at different stages, appropriate selection of methods for each stage was proposed.
Image Classification Base on Sparse Representation with Basis Design

An image classification method based on sparse representation with basis design is proposed. We construct a classification model under the sparse representation theory. The sparse model can lead to be better performance under a suitable dictionary, so the basis design method can follow the same process as discussed in[6]. The experiments show that the proposed method improves the result.
Low driven voltage red LEDs using Eu-doped Ga2O3 films on GaAs

Red LEDs based on Eu:Ga2O3/GaAs heterojunctions were fabricated using a pulsed laser deposition method. Eu-related luminescence originating from the 5D0–7F2 transition of Eu3+ was observed at about 611 nm. Bright red light can be observed with the naked eye at 6.0 V. Under forward bias, the electrons will first transit to the defect-related energy levels and then recombine with holes. The indirect recombination of carriers in the Ga2O3 host could transfer energy to the Eu ions. This work will provide an outlook for future low driven voltage and small-scale displays.
Predictive adaptive control of multiple robots in cooperative motion

In this paper we address the problem of controlling multiple non redundant robots manipulating a rigid object cooperatively when the parameters of the robots and the parameters of the load are uncertain. We propose a controller that takes into account the dynamics of both the load and the manipulators. The linearity of the dynamics of the robots and the load, with respect to the unknown parameters, is exploited during the derivation of the parameter's adaptation scheme. In order to design control and update laws that do not require the measurements of the joint accelerations or the load acceleration, the dynamics of both the robots and the load are filtered through a stable first order filter. Two prediction error vectors are then defined as the difference between the measured filtered dynamics and the predicted filtered dynamics of both the robots and the load. The least-squares estimation method or gradient method can be used to estimate the parameters of the multi-robot system from the prediction errors. We then develop a controller that is based on the cancellation of the nonlinearities. The proposed controller guarantees asymptotic tracking of the load trajectories and also guarantees asymptotic tracking of the internal forces trajectories.
Sequential data access with Oracle and Hadoop: a performance comparison

The Hadoop framework has proven to be an effective and popular approach for dealing with "Big Data" and, thanks to its scaling ability and optimised storage access, Hadoop Distributed File System-based projects such as MapReduce or HBase are seen as candidates to replace traditional relational database management systems whenever scalable speed of data processing is a priority. But do these projects deliver in practice? Does migrating to Hadoop's "shared nothing" architecture really improve data access throughput? And, if so, at what cost? Authors answer these questions–addressing cost/performance as well as raw performance– based on a performance comparison between an Oracle-based relational database and Hadoop's distributed solutions like MapReduce or HBase for sequential data access. A key feature of our approach is the use of an unbiased data model as certain data models can significantly favour one of the technologies tested.
Scheduling of stochastic tasks on two parallel processors

We consider the problem of scheduling n tasks on two identical parallel processors. We show both in the case when the processing times for the n tasks are independent exponential random variables, and when they are independent hyperexponentials which are mixtures of two fixed exponentials, that the policy of performing tasks with longest expected processing time (LEPT) first minimizes the expected makespan, and that in the hyperexponential case the policy of performing tasks with shortest expected processing time (SEPT) first minimizes the expected flow time. The approach is simpler than the dynamic programming approach recently employed by Bruno and Downey.
Computational Issues in the Sequential Probit Model: A Monte Carlo Study

We discuss computational issues in the sequential probit model that have limited its use in applied research. We estimate parameters of the model by the method of simulated maximum likelihood (SML) and by Bayesian MCMC algorithms. We provide Monte Carlo evidence on the relative performance of both estimators and find that the SML procedure computes standard errors of the estimated correlation coefficients that are less reliable. Given the numerical difficulties associated with the estimation procedures, we advise the applied researcher to use both the stochastic optimization algorithm in the Simulated Maximum Likelihood approach and the Bayesian MCMC algorithm to check the compatibility of the results.
A hierarchical floor-planning, placement, and routing tool for sea-of-gates designs

The authors present an automatic layout system for designing large sea-of-gates gate arrays. This tool combines a floorplanning tool with an automatic placement and routing tool. It is designed to handle 250 K-gate arrays with special functional blocks such as RAM and ROM. It provides features for current processing, timing-driven layout, special clock distribution, and power distribution. The tool is currently being tested for designing the industry's most complex sea-of-gates gate arrays
Web of Deception: Misinformation on the Internet

of the book, Bates does list all of the resources cited in the interviews, with an annotation for each resource. The appendix is divided into sections: “Research/Information Sources” with 161 citations; “Books, Periodicals, E-mail Newsletters and Discussion Groups” with 39 citations; “Software Utilities and Tools” with 6 citations; and “Professional Associations, Conferences, Etc.” with 10 citations (pp. 233–59). The print-only resources mentioned in the interview are not included in the appendix, even though many of the interviewees noted that much information remains only in print format. The annotations for each resource are detailed and include cross-references. One curious entry is for the entire Super Searchers series (p. 198). This might appear to be a self-serving advertisement, but in actuality is not, because the series is cited as a helpful source by one of the interviewees. Even more curious is the entry “Sue Rugge” with the notation that she died in 1999 (p. 259). Although “Sue Rugge” is an entry in the appendix, there is no index entry for Rugge, so there is no way to backtrack to determine why she is mentioned in the appendix. Further, although the annotation in the appendix mentions her research businesses, the names of the businesses are not found in the index or noted separately in the appendix. As mentioned in the preface, most, if not all, of the sources are also listed on the Super Searchers Website (www.infotoday.com/supersearchers), to ensure active URLs (p. 6). The index is thorough, generally adequate, and includes the print-only resources that were omitted in the appendix. Some of the subheadings listed, however, would be useful as main headings. For example, the subheadings that are listed under the names of the interviewees, such as “cultural differences” [for global research] (listed under Connor, Vicky) and “challenges in global research” (also listed under Connor, Vicky), would allow the reader to compare the entries listed for both more readily if they were included as main headings. Super Searchers Cover the World is an entertaining read that is well laid out and easy to comprehend. It is not clear who the intended audience is, however. If you are a somewhat knowledgeable searcher (online or offline), most of this information will be familiar. The appendix is the primary reason to purchase the book. For the novice in the field of online research, this volume is so unstructured that it cannot be used as a guide on how to do research. You will be better served by titles such as International Business Information on the Web 1 or Find It Online: The Complete Guide to Online Research , 2 a general research guide that has an excellent section on business research. If you enjoy the how-we-do-it-good school of literature, then kick off your shoes, sit by the fire, and enjoy Super Searchers Cover the Web .
Class-specific feature selection based on uniform dirichlet priors

In this paper, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA) is applied to reducing the dimensionality of a data set that contains class-specific feature. The BDRA uses the probability of error, conditioned on the training data, and a 'greedy' approach for reducing irrelevant features from the data. Here, the BDRA is shown to be an effective means of selecting binary valued class-specific feature, where the remaining non-class-specific features are irrelevant to correct classification. In fact, performance results reveal that when using a small number of training data relative to feature dimensionality, the BDRA outperforms the appropriate class-specific classifier.
Optimal arrival rate in a simple queueing system

Abstract Over the last decade increasing attention has been devoted to introducing optimization into queueing models. The emphasis has predominantly been upon choosing facilities to minimize cost of servicing a given demand. Recently there has been some discussion of optimal balking rules and charges in order to influence demand. Now the concept of pricing to determine the optimal level of congestion (e.g. on roads) has long been familiar to economists. However, such economic analyses have not been couched in terms of queueing theory nor do recent texts in operational research reflect the economic approach. This paper therefore gives a concise derivation and discussion of the pricing principle in terms of one of the simplest queueing models. A graphical interpretation is also available which should aid in the intuitive understanding of the more sophisticated models referred to. The general implication of these analyses is that, just as providing ‘ excess ” capacity is worth while if it costs less than the.
LDPC-coded signal space diversity with precoding over Rayleigh fading channels

Signal space diversity (SSD) has been viewed as a very efficient method to increase the diversity order and the reliability of wireless transmission over fading channels. The nonbinary LDPC code can provide powerful error protection over fading channels. The combination of non-binary LDPC codes and SSD is an effective technique to fading and strong noise for fading channel. This paper discusses a signal space diversity with a precoder by adding a simple encoder before applying the rotation matrix that can be viewed as a SSD with rate below 1. We propose three design criteria and two implementation method. And we further consider a nonbinary LDPC-coded signal space diversity with precoding and their rate re-allocation between channel coding and SSD. It is shown that our scheme outperforms the conventional coded- SSD over the fading channel when we get a better rate allocation that depends on the specific channel coding.
Depth perception of stereo overlays in image-guided surgery

See-through augmented reality (AR) systems for image-guided surgery merge volume rendered MRI/CT data directly with the surgeon’s view of the patient during surgery. Research has so far focused on optimizing the technique of aligning and registering the computer-generated anatomical images with the patient’s anatomy during surgery. We have previously developed a registration and calibration method that allows alignment of the virtual and real anatomy to ~1mm accuracy. Recently we have been investigating the accuracy with which observers can interpret the combined visual information presented with an optical see-through AR system. We found that depth perception of a virtual image presented in stereo below a physical surface was misperceived compared to viewing the target in the absence of a surface. Observers overestimated depth for a target 0-2cm below the surface and underestimated the depth for all other presentation depths. The perceptual error could be reduced, but not eliminated, when a virtual rendering of the physical surface was displayed simultaneously with the virtual image. The findings suggest that misperception is due either to accommodation conflict between the physical surface and the projected AR image, or the lack of correct occlusion between the virtual and real surfaces.
Computing OpenSURF on OpenCL and General Purpose GPU

Speeded-Up Robust Feature (SURF) algorithm is widely used for image feature detecting and matching in computer vision area. Open Computing Language (OpenCL) is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of CPUs, GPUs, and other processors. This paper introduces how to implement an open-sourced SURF program, namely OpenSURF, on general purpose GPU by OpenCL, and discusses the optimizations in terms of the thread architectures and memory models in detail. Our final OpenCL implementation of OpenSURF is on average 37% and 64% faster than the OpenCV SURF v2.4. 5 CUDA implementation on NVidia's GTX660 and GTX460SE GPUs, repectively. Our OpenCL program achieved real-time performance (>25 Frames Per Second) for almost all the input images with different sizes from 320*240 to 1024*768 on NVidia's GTX660 GPU, NVidia's GTX460SE GPU and AMD's Radeon HD 6850 GPU. Our OpenCL approach on NVidia's GTX660 GPU is more than 22.8 times faster than its original CPU version on Intel's Dual-Core E5400 2.7G on average.
DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION: PERFORMANCE AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY

A procedure for digital image correlation is described which is based on least squares window matching. The immediate aim is high precision parallax assessment, point transfer, and point measurement. Experiments and theory have confirmed the high accuracy potential of the method. By implementation of charge coupled device (CCD) video cameras in an analytical plotter, an experimental hardware and software configuration has been established with which the operational on line application of digital image correlation for conventional photogrammetric measuring tasks can be tested. First results of calibration and performance of the system are presented. They allow optimistic conclusions as to the further development and practical application of digital image processing in photogrammetry.
Compact Dual‐Wideband Bandpass Filter with Multimode Resonator

A microstrip dual‐wideband bandpass filter using a multimode resonator (MMR) is proposed in this letter. The proposed MMR loaded with a T‐shaped open‐ended stub and a short‐ended stub exhibits triple mode characteristics, and a synthesis method is developed to illustrate the wide passband with independently controllable center frequencies and bandwidths. To verify this design methodology, a dual‐wideband filter with fractional bandwidths of 19.1% and 27.9% is designed and fabricated. The measured results agree with the simulations.