Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monodispersed microbubble formation using microchannel technique

Recently, we proposed microchannel (MC) emulsification, a novel method for making monodispersed emulsion with a coefficient of variation (CV) less than 5%. In this study, we attempted monodispersed microbubble formation using the MC technique. Monodispersed microbubbles were formed using surfactants and proteins as dispersing agent. The average bubble size ranged from 33.6 to 51.1 μm, and CV values were below 10%. The bubble formation behavior was compared with the droplet formation behavior. The microbubble formation appears to be based on the spontaneous transformation caused by surface tension, as previously shown for liquid–liquid systems. The average bubble size was affected by viscosity, which is consistent with the results for the liquid–liquid system in previous studies. In the case of protein, the effect of surface viscoelasticity was indicated, which was not reported for the liquid–liquid system. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 3227–3233, 2004
Effect of Integrated weed management on yield and yield attributes of soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merrill)

A field experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Agronomy section, College of Agriculture, Latur during Kharif 2017. As the title indicates, the current work aims to identify the effect of integrated weed management on yield and yield attributes of soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merrill). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and replicated thrice. The work revealed that, seed yield and yield components were found significantly superior with treatment (T8) i.e. weed free, which recorded highest seed yield (2009 kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments. Treatment (T4) i.e. Pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1kg a.i./ha (PE) + Imazethapyr 10% SL @ 100g a.i./ha (PoE) ranked second in case of seed yield and lowest seed yield was recorded with treatment (T7) i.e. Weedy check (1266 kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments. The work revealed that, seed yield and yield components were found significantly superior with treatment (T8) i.e. weed free, which recorded highest seed yield (2009 kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments. Treatment (T4) i.e. Pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1kg a.i./ha (PE) + Imazethapyr 10% SL @ 100g a.i./ha (PoE) ranked second in case of seed yield and lowest seed yield was recorded with treatment (T7) i.e. Weedy check (1266 kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments.
Double many-body expansion of the two lowest potential-energy surfaces for Li3 and dynamics of the Li + Li2(v) reaction. Initial orientation and vibrational excitation effects

The semiempirical double many-body expansion method has been used to obtain consistent analytic representations of the two lowest doublet potential-energy surfaces for Li3. A recently reported semiempirical formulation of the three-body dynamical correlation energy has been used, which accounts for the proper dependence on the diatomic intramolecular coordinate of the Li–Li2 long-range dispersion energy. Besides providing an accurate description of the most recent, and reliable, ab initio energies for both sheets of the potential-energy surface of the title system at the strong interaction regions, the lowest sheet of the Li3 doublet potential-energy surface shows the correct long-range behaviour for the isotropic and leading anisotropic terms in the Legendre analysis of the Li–Li2 interaction as a function of the Li2 stretching coordinate. Based on the premise that only this lowest sheet is necessary, quasiclassical trajectories have been run to explore the effect of vibrational bond stretching in the Li + Li2(v) exchange reaction. The effect of the reagent initial orientation and rotational excitation as a function of the collision energy on the lithium atom exchange dynamics has also been investigated.
A consensus view of the temperature dependence of the gas phase reaction: OH + Hbr → H2O + Br

The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient for the reaction, OH + HBr has been reinvestigated at low temperatures (T = 48–224 K) by using uniform supersonic flow reactors with laser induced fluorescence detection. This paper presents two forms of global fits: k(T) = 1.11 × 10−11 (T/298)−0.91 cm3 s−1 and k(T) = 1.06 × 10−11 (T/298)−1.09 cm3 s−1, both of which accurately describe the temperature dependence of the rate coefficient for the title reaction within the temperature range 20–350 K. These fits indicate that at temperatures below 200 K, the rate coefficient for this reaction shows inverse temperature dependence, while above 200 K the reaction shows insignificant temperature dependence. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 339–344, 2002
Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres for Immobilization, Direct Electrochemistry, and Biosensing of Protein

Nitrogen-doped carbon hollow spheres (NCHS) were designed for the immobilization and biosensing of proteins. Chitosan was first functionalized with glutaraldehyde to form cross-linked chitosan with free CHO groups (GCS). The as-prepared GCS was used for dispersion of nitrogen-doped carbon hollow spheres. Using glucose oxidase (GOD) as a model, the NCHS was tested for immobilization of redox proteins and the design of electrochemical biosensors. GOD molecules immobilized in the nanocomposites showed direct electrochemistry with a formal potential of −0.448 V and well electrochemical performance. The proposed biosensor exhibited a linear response to glucose concentrations ranging from 3.7 µM to 18.0 mM with a detection limit of 1.2 µM and a sensitivity of 11.85 µA mM−1. This biosensor was also applied to detect glucose in human serum samples, accomplishing good recovery in the range of 92–105 %. The nanocomposites provided a good matrix for protein immobilization and biosensor fabrication.
Bacon decomposition for understanding differences-in-differences with variation in treatment timing

In applications of a difference-in-differences (DD) model, researchers often exploit natural experiments with variation in onset, comparing outcomes across groups of units that receive treatment starting at different times. Goodman-Bacon (2019) shows that this DD estimator is a weighted average of all possible two-group/two-period DD estimators in the data. The -bacon- command performs this decomposition and graphs all two-by-two DD estimates against their weight, which displays all identifying variation for the overall DD estimate. Given the widespread use of the two-way fixed effects DD model, -bacon- has broad applicability across domains and will help researchers understand how much of a given DD estimate comes from different sources of variation.
Pyrazoles—A novel class of blocking agents for isocyanates

Pyrazoles were found as a novel class of blocking groups for isocyanates. Adhesive mixtures of pyrazole blocked isocyanates and amine terminated prepolymers like Jeffamines® (Texaco Chem. Co.) combine excellent reactivities (gelation times within minutes at 100–120°C), good latencies (more than 170 days at 40°C), and good adhesion properties on many substrates. The reactivity of pyrazole blocked isocyanates toward nucleophiles increases with the number of electron donor substituents on the pyrazole nucleus and, thus, can be fine tuned by the appropriate substitution pattern. This behavior contrasts sharply with that of phenolic blocked isocyanates, where reactivities with the same nucleophiles decrease with more and stronger electron donor substituents on the phenol nucleus. Therefore, different deblocking reaction mechanisms were proposed for pyrazole vs. phenol blocked isocyanates. The excellent latency of pyrazole blocked isocyanate/Jeffamine® mixtures is due to the insolubility of the two components at ambient temperature and the slow endothermic dissolution process at higher temperature. The good adhesion of formulations with pyrazole blocked isocyanates as reactive components on most plastic and metal substrates is ascribed to the primer action of the released blocking group. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Emulsion stabilized by starch nanocrystals

The starch nanocrystals made use of in this study were prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wx maize starch. The stable oil-in-water emulsions of 50 vol% paraffin liquid were prepared by using starch nanocrystals as emulsifier when the weight percentage concentration of starch nanocrystal relative to water was above 0.02 wt%. The size of the droplets decreased with the raising of the concentration of starch nanocrystal. These emulsions were very stable to coalescence over months and the creaming of emulsions decreased with the increasing of starch nanocrystal concentration. The surface tension of starch nanocrystal dispersions was found decreased from 71.7 to 45.8 mN/m when the nanocrystal concentration grew from 0.05 to 3.0 wt%. This indicates that starch nanocrystals are surface active particles. Further tests on the emulsifying ability of supernatant of centrifuged starch nanocrystal dispersions and the emulsion stability at the melting temperature of starch nanocrystals confirmed that the emulsions were indeed stabilized by starch nanocrystals.
Coherence and relaxation of an optically-driven bosonic quantum gas: Experiments with ultracold ytterbium atoms

Dans ce travail de these, je presente une serie d'etudes experimentales realisees avec des gaz d'ytterbium ultrafroids excites sur differentes transitions optiques. L'ytterbium appartient a la famille des atomes dits alcalino-terreux. Ces atomes possedent une structure electronique riche, avec une transition d? horloge exempte d? emission spontanee et une transition etroite d'intercombinaison. Avec des experiences de spectroscopie sur la transition d'horloge dans des reseaux optiques profonds, je montre notre capacite a exciter cette transition de maniere coherente pendant de longues periodes. Ce controle est ensuite utilise dans un premier temps en tant qu'outil pour mesurer les longueurs de diffusion des etats impliques dans la transition d'horloge et ensuite, pour preparer un petit systeme quantique ouvert, ou la dissipation prend la forme de pertes a deux corps. En branchant ce couplage adiabatiquement, on observe une forte suppression de ces pertes, ce qui est interprete comme une signature de l'effet Zenon quantique. J'utilise finalement ce transfert coherent pour etudier la dynamique de relaxation d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein. Enfin, je developpe une etude sur un systeme ouvert avec des interactions fortes. Ici, on induit artificiellement de la dissipation sous la forme d'emission spontanee en utilisant la transition d'intercombinaison, et j'etudie comment la coherence spatiale d'un superfluide dans un reseau optique est detruite. Ces experiences revelent que la presence d'interactions fortes protege partiellement une coherence residuelle et entraine un developpement non-triviale de la decoherence, revelant ainsi l'emergence d'un canal de relaxation subdiffus
Density measurements in the nematic and isotropic phases of 5CB and dilute solutions of tetraethylmethane in 5CB

Abstract Density as a function of temperature was measured in the nematic and isotropic phases of p-n-pentyl-p'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). Similar measurements were made on six dilute solutions of the quasispherical solute Et4C (tetraethylmethane) in 5CB. The results were used (on their own and with previous results from visual studies) to obtain βN and β1, the moduli of the slopes of the nematic and isotropic boundary lines in the reduced NI transition temperature (T*) vs. solute mole fraction (x 2) diagrams. The results verify the compatibility of the density and visual methods and show that T* vs. x 2 plots can, for all practical purposes, be considered linear in the x 2 ranges studied.
Rational Design of Hybrid Nanostructures for Advanced Photocatalysis

Nanocatalysis has been a growing field over the past few decades with significant developments in understanding the surface properties of nanocatalysts. With recent advances in synthetic methods, size, shape and composition of the nanoparticles can be controlled in a well defined manner which facilitates achieving selective reaction products in multipath reactions. Nanoparticles with specific exposed crystal facets can have different reactivity than other facets for reaction intermediates, which favours selective pathways during the course of reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts have been studied extensively; nano‐sized metal particles are absorbed on mesoporus supports, facilitating access to the large surface area of the nanoparticles and hence exposure of more catalytic sites. Photocatalysis is attractive area of catalysis, in which photoinduced charge carriers are used for a variety of catalytic applications. More interestingly, clean and renewable liquid fuels energy sources such as hydrogen and methyl alcohol can be generated using photocatalysts through water splitting and CO2 reduction, respectively. Herein, we highlight the progress of nanocatalysis through metal, bimetallic nanoparticle, metal‐semiconductor hybrid nanostructures and oxide nanoparticles for various reactions.
The Development of E-Learning Teaching Material Based on Edmodo on Basic Competencies of National Integration at Class X of Senior High School

This research aims to determine (1) the design of E-learning teaching materials, (2) steps for using Edmodo-based learning materials (3) student learning behaviour in learning using Edmodo-based E-learning. The development model used is a procedural model adapted from the instructional design development model according to Dick & Carey while the development research model used is in accordance with Borg & Gall. The instrument used was in the form of a questionnaire instrument, interview guidelines and observation guidelines (observations). The data analysis used in this study is qualitative descriptive statistics. Noting the validation of experts and the results of trials in the field, it can be concluded that: (1) Edmodo-based E-learning teaching materials on Basic Competence (KD) of National Integration are appropriate to use for Class X (Grade 10th) SMA PPKn subjects; (2) Clarity of instructions for using E-learning teaching materials is considered good; (3) Changes in student learning behaviour are students who look very enthusiastic about learning by using E-learning teaching materials; (4) Edmodo-based E-learning materials are considered effective in achieving the learning objectives of the PPKn; (5) Edmodo-based E-learning teaching materials have a high time and place efficiency with regard to the limitations of available teaching materials; (6) Edmodo-based E-learning teaching material is a strategy for delivering messages that have high competitiveness. For research on the development of E-learning teaching materials based on Edmodo that will come to be more refined and better in order to support the smooth learning process.
Secreted factor(s) from young cells restores susceptibility to cell death in senescent myofibroblasts

Abstract. Despite the increased incidence of fibrotic diseases with advancing age, little is known about the role of aging in these pathologies. Recent studies have proposed that senescence is an anti-fibrotic mechanism that promotes fibrosis resolution through apoptotic clearance of senescent cells. However, all of these studies were performed using young mice. It is not known whether the fate of senescent cells is altered in the context of aging. Here, lung myofibroblasts were isolated from young (2 month) and aged (20 month) mice, and cells were cultured ex vivo. Cells were treated with apoptotic stimuli and cellular viability was assessed. Senescent myofibroblasts exhibited increased resistance to cell death as compared to myofibroblasts isolated from young mice. Secreted factors from young myofibroblasts restored susceptibility of senescent myofibroblasts to cell death. These findings challenge the concept of cellular senescence as an anti-fibrotic mechanism and offer proof-of-concept that the fate of senescent cells may be altered in the context of aging. These studies provide insight into therapeutic treatment strategies for pathological fibrosis associated with aging.
Removal of mercury in fixed-bed continuous upflow reactors by mercury-resistant bacteria and effect of sodium chloride on their performance

Urgent need to reduce the amount of toxic mercury compounds in the wastewater of industries and subsequent reuse of metal ions, has led to an increasing interest in microbial bioremediation. Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, namely, isolate CH07 and isolate Bro12, and a genetically engineered strain P. putida (KT 2442 mer::73) were used to study the kinetics of mercury removal from liquid M9 medium, considering the potential of the bacteria in volatilizing ionic mercury to its gaseous form. The P. aeruginosa strains were further used to remove toxic mercury from synthetic wastewater in fixed-bed, continuous upflow reactors and thereafter to recover the toxic metal from the reactor beds. We also studied the effect of sodium chloride on the kinetics of mercury removal by the isolate CH07 from marine sediment, as well as the other two non-marine bacteria. After a successful run of over a month, the bioreactors were able to retain the toxic metal, which resulted in a recovery of approximately 64% of the influent mercury. No major alteration in the retention capacity of the bioreactors occurred during drastic changes in concentration of inflowing metals or salt concentration.
Analysis of DNA by `Charge Tagging' and Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

We have developed a method to quantitatively attach quarternary ammonium fixed charge tags to the 5' or 3'NH2 ends of DNA using N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester chemistry. The chemical conditions for tagging were chosen so that tagging takes place exclusively on aliphatic NH2 groups while base amino groups remain unmodified. The charge tagging chemistry was combined with a previously developed backbone alkylation procedure for phosphorothioate DNA. The efficiency of the detection in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of unmodified and modified DNA (phosphorothioate backbone, charge tagged, backbone alkylated, and charge tagged and backbone alkylated) was investigated using a series of different matrices. For a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (a matrix, commonly used for the analysis of proteins, but which gives unsatisfactory results with unmodified DNA). For instance, the charge tagged and backbone alkylated DNA is detectable with a sensitivity and resolution comparable with that for peptides. The combination of charge tagging and backbone alkylation with the use of a suitable matrix improves the detectability of small oligonucleotides by MALDI by a factor greater than 100 compared to unmodified oligonucleotides.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND OPTICAL ACTIVITY OF SMALL MOLECULES CONTAINING ONE CHIRAL CENTER

In the first part of this work, correlation between optical activity and elements of magnetic susceptibility tensor (MST) for five classes of model small molecules containing a single chiral center has been studied using quantum computational techniques at DFT-B3LYP level of theory with 6-311G basis set. Several molecular properties are used to reduce the MST elements prior to the examination of the correlation. This study showed a close correlation between optical activity and the off-diagonal MST elements reduced by the electronic spatial extent . In the second part of this work, effects of the type of substitutions and their distances from the chiral center on the optical activity of these molecules have been investigated. Results of this work show that optical activity is reduced effectively upon distancing the substitution groups from the chiral center. Furthermore, the set of substitutions with higher electron densities and larger differences in their electronic structures result in higher optical activity.
Simple and cost-effective synthesis of graphene by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rods

We report a simple and efficient approach for graphene production, by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rods, in acidic solutions. The applied bias and electrolyte concentration were optimized. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns of nanosheets reveal the decreasing, or even the disappearance, of the graphene oxide peak by reducing the electrochemical exfoliation bias from +6 to +2.5 V. Thus, graphene with different oxidation degrees can be obtained by controlling the applied bias. An optimal graphene sample was prepared in a mixture of H2SO4 : HNO3 (3 : 1 ratio; 1 M each) at a bias of +3 V. The interlayer spacing, crystallite size and the average number of layers were determined by XRD. The structural and morphological characteristics of the prepared samples were also investigated by Raman Spectroscopy, FTIR Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
Artifacts in measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence transients, with specific application to fast repetition rate fluorometry

A theoretical framework was developed to describe how instrument and sample artifacts affect measurements of variable fluorescence transients in phytoplankton. This framework identified the proper procedure for correcting for common artifacts in the transients measured with a widely used instrument, the Fasttracka fast repetition rate fluorometer. The impulse response of this fluorometer can be substantial, requiring correction for a dynamic instrument artifact in addition to the static artifacts that can be assessed using traditional “blanks. ” In a low‐biomass region of the North Pacific, approximately one‐third of the fluorescence transient measured with this instrument represented such artifacts. Correcting for these using filtered seawater blanks only, and not accounting for the instrument's own response, failed to remove errors as high as 22% in estimates in the photochemical yield and as much as −16% to +22% in estimates of the functional cross section of Photosystem II. This analytical framework and the corrective procedure are generalized and can be used to determine how a wide range of artifacts affect measured variable fluorescence transients, including those characteristic of fluorometers other than the Fasttracka or those more relevant in meso‐ or eutrophic regions of the ocean.
Flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyesters—a review of the recent literature

An overview is presented of the literature on the flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyesters, especially poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). The main focus is on publications of the last fifteen years; however, some earlier work of major importance is discussed as well. Because PET and PBT almost totally convert to volatile fragments upon exposure to heat, providing fuel to the flame, it is a challenging task to flame-retard these polymers. Although many of the commercially available systems for flame retardancy of PET and PBT consist of a halogen-containing additive and a synergist, more recent publications and patents emphasize halogen-free, particularly phosphorus-based systems. Several phosphorus-based additive or reactive systems are well-established for use in PET textiles, and phosphorus-based additives have recently been introduced for PBT. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry