Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Standard Theory for the Pure Lambda-Value Calculus

In the classical lambda calculus (i.e., pure untyped λK , see [3]) a term M is solvable iﬀ there exists a head context C [ ] ≡ ( λx 1 . . . x m . [ ]) N 1 . N n such that C [ M ] → ∗ β I [3]. Solvability characterises those terms that have a deﬁnite operational meaning, i.e., the terms that are operationally relevant . In the deﬁnition of solvability, the role of the head context C [ ] is to close an open M if necessary (i.e., λx 1 . . . x m .M ) and to reveal the operational content of λx 1 . x m . M by providing arguments N 1 . N n to it. The I in the right-hand-side of the reduction judgement is just a simpliﬁcation to keep things succinct. The deﬁnition above can be proven equivalent to the earliest—and original—deﬁnition in [4], which reads ‘ M is solvable iﬀ there exists a head context C [ ] such that C [ M ] → ∗ β NF ’ [4, 5, 11]. In the light of the original deﬁnition, the meaning of ‘operational relevance’ can be better grasped. A program P uses a sub-program S eﬀectively whenever P has a deﬁnite result R , and a diﬀerent result R (cid:48) is obtained when replacing S by a non-equivalent sub-program S (cid:48) in P [8]. In the classical lambda calculus, the head contexts belong to the programs that use the term in their hole eﬀectively, M is the sub-program, and the deﬁnite results are the normal forms. An operationally relevant term is a term that can be used eﬀectively, i
Machine Learning Method for Detecting and Analysis of Fraud Phone Calls Datasets

While using non-stop advancement of correspondences industry, almost all clients steadily appreciate various interchanges companies. To accomplish persuasive and moderate identification with regard to telecom deceit clients, all of us propose an effective and suitable extortion customer discovery method dependent on customer's Call detail Record (CDR). The suggested strategy contains two segments, specific device learning component and file format discovery element. In the equipment wisdom component, a support Vector machine (SVM) computation dependent on aimed knowledge is actually utilized to team clients making use of outline characteristics. Detail evaluation is similarly completed regarding separating the actual detail associated with networks. Outcomes show that these strategies will help rapidly character the ad calls. The actual investigations display that the technique can achieve high reputation precision regarding 97.56%, which exhibit that the proposed technique has progressively brilliant execution in examination with the best in class draws near
Assessment of Cultural Competence Level among Academic Nursing Educators and associated Factors, Jeddah- Saudi Arabia

Background: Nurse educators have the potential to create a substantial effect on nursing students concerning cultural competence process. With this background, investigating the nurse educators’ level of cultural competence can enhance how educators provide classroom and clinical instruction. Purpose: The main aim of this study was to assess the cultural competence level among academic nursing educators. Further to identify the associated factors to the overall cultural competence score of nurse educators. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was conducted at College of Nursing, JeddahSaudi Arabia. All academic nurse educators were included in the study (N=45). Cultural Diversity Questionnaire for Nurse Educators-Revised [CDQNE-R] ‎was proved reliable to measure study variables. Findings: The result of this study shows that the majority of academic nursing educators had a moderate level of overall cultural competence. They are committed to transcultural teaching behaviours as a motivator and predictor toward pursuing cultural competency. Nurse educators with more work experience, fluent of other language and integrating culture in their courses, were more culturally competent. Nationality doesn’t affect culture competence. Discussion: Culture competency is an essential and basic skill for all nurse educators regardless of their nationalities and background. Cultural competence develops through practice and self-development and working experience which could have a positive influence on the cultural competence level of nurse educators. Conclusion: Professional cultural programs for Faculty need to be mandated and inclusive of the major constructs of cultural competence specifically culture encounter in clinical skills and interactions with individuals from culturally diverse backgrounds.
INACTIVATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 DURING THE STORAGE UNDER REFRIGERATION OF APPLE JUICE TREATED BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS

The sensitivity of pulsed electric fields (PEF)-treated E. coli O157:H7 cells to subsequent holding in apple juice has been evaluated. Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in apple juice were resistant to PEF. A PEF treatment of 400 m s at any electrical field strength was not sufficient to inactivate one log 10 cycle of cells. However, PEF injured a large proportion of E. coli O157:H7 cells that became sensitive to a subsequent storage under refrigeration in apple juice. The total lethal effect of the combined process depended on the electrical field strength and storage time. The combination of a PEF treatment at 25 kV/cm for 400 m s and a subsequent storage of the apple juice under refrigeration for 48 h allowed five log 10 cycles of inactivation to be achieved. The combination of PEF and maintenance under refrigeration has been demonstrated to be an effective pasteurization method, by sufficiently reducing the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in apple juice in order to meet U.S. FDA recommendations.
Wi-Go: accurate and scalable vehicle positioning using WiFi fine timing measurement

Driver assistance and vehicular automation would greatly benefit from uninterrupted lane-level vehicle positioning, especially in challenging environments like metropolitan cities. In this paper, we explore whether the WiFi Fine Time Measurement (FTM) protocol, with its robust, accurate ranging capability, can complement current GPS and odometry systems to achieve lane-level positioning in urban canyons. We introduce Wi-Go, a system that simultaneously tracks vehicles and maps WiFi access point positions by coherently fusing WiFi FTMs, GPS, and vehicle odometry information together. Wi-Go also adaptively controls the FTM messaging rate from clients to prevent high bandwidth usage and congestion, while maximizing the tracking accuracy. Wi-Go achieves lane-level vehicle positioning (1.3 m median and 2.9 m 90-percentile error), an order of magnitude improvement over vehicle built-in GPS, through vehicle experiments in the urban canyons of Manhattan, New York City, as well as in suburban areas (0.8 m median and 3.2 m 90-percentile error).
Visualization of cycling training

In the era of big data, a ﬂood of information obtained from pervasive computing devices is being available. Using lat-est data mining technologies, lots of information can also be processed. Since many of them do not present any signiﬁcant meaning to users, information could be ranged in so-called signiﬁcant classes, where these are selected according to their signiﬁcance. This paper presents an analysis of data obtained during the cycling training sessions made by wearable sports tracker and later visualization of their most signiﬁcant parameters. Every sports training activity should be presented in a simple, self-speaking and understandable ﬁgure, from which it is possible to deduce diﬃculty, strain, eﬀort, power, conditions and pace of the visualized sports training session.
Chemical Studies on “Clover Sickness”

The functions of isoflavonoids and related compounds as well as of their degradation products in the allelopathy of red clover were investigated from chemical standpoint. Susceptibilities of red clover to isoflavonoids, related compounds and their degradation products were higher than those of various plants including white and alsike clovers, and contents of the isoflavonoids in red clover were extremely higher as compared with those in white clover and orchard grass. Inhibitory substances were isolated from the soil capable to cause “clover sickness,” but they were not isoflavonoids but phenolic acids considered to be originated probably in the formers. These acids were also obtained together with some kinds of isoflavonoids from the waste culture solution used for cultivation of red clover seedlings. Finally degradation process of isoflavonoids was followed up in neutral, acidic and alkaline solutions.
Service delivery and service delivery protests in contemporary South Africa: A systems perspective

A consistent feature of the post-apartheid South Africa has been the formulation of policies intended to improve livelihood of the previous disadvantaged people in the country. Improved service delivery was one of the ways of through which success of these policies would be manifested. In 2011, however, the country was experiencing at least two service delivery protects per week. To provide some insight into the situation, this paper presents a high level model of service delivery and service delivery protests in South Africa. From a qualitative viewpoint, it highlights the role of service delivery protests on services in the pipeline and on service depletion, and the importance of systemic time delays in determining the levels of government services offered at any particular time. Module simulations reveal that after accounting for the effect service delivery on services in the pipeline and service depletion, long term level of service delivery stabilization will depend on resources budgeted for the service delivery vis-à-vis community expectations of the level of service delivery. The paper recommends that the three aspects services in the pipeline, service time delays and service depletion should form part of the government’s planning and communication strategy to communities as part of its wider effort to reduce frequency of service delivery protests fuelled by improbable expectations.
THE IMPROVEMENT AND BREEDING OF PINUS PATULA

--Pinus patula has a north to south geographic distribution in Mexico of approximately 900 km. It is the most commonly planted commercial softwood in southern and eastern Africa and Colombia and is characterized by its good growth, straight stem form, and excellent pulping and sawtimber properties. Nearly 1 million hectares of P. patula plantations are now established. The species exhibits great provenance variation. A 37% difference in volume was found between the best and worst sources at 5 to 8 years of age when grown in Brazil, Colombia, and South Africa. Provenance x site and genotype x site interaction appears to be more important in P. patula than in other tropical and subtropical pine species. The traits of height, volume, and stem straightness appear to be under moderate additive genetic control with individual tree h 2 of 0.27, 0.26, and 0.12, respectively, at age 8 years. Researchers have found significant juvenile-mature correlations in P. patula and conclude that early selection for good volume and high wood density is feasible in some environments. Breeding programs began for P. patula in southern Africa in the 1950s and in Latin America in the 1970s. The most advanced programs are making crosses to begin their 3rd generation of breeding. Breeding initiatives most commonly used to develop P. patula are multiple breeding population strategies and an assortment of hierarchical population approaches. Estimated and realized gains for volume per generation for the first two breeding cycles are on the order of 18%. P. patula breeding programs should make great progress in the near future because of a) the infusion of 500 open-pollinated families from new collections in Mexico from CAMCORE, b) the use of more sophisticated statistical analytical tools for family and individual tree selection, and c) the development of vegetative propagation technology. Impediments to progress include poor seed production from controlled crosses, and low cone and seed set in seed orchards in some countries.
From phenolics to phenolipids: Optimizing antioxidants in lipid dispersions

Natural non-polymeric phenolics are known to be powerful antioxidants, but their use for preventing lipid oxidation in unsaturated fatbased products, such as foodstuffs and cosmetics, is limited owing to their hydrophilic character. A promising technique - referred to as lipophilization - consists of covalently grafting a lipid moiety to the phenolic part to improve both surface activity and oil solubility of a given phenolic antioxidant. After being based on empiricism for decades, the lipophilization of phenolics is today more rationalized, as recent advances in the field have shown that the grafting of a medium chain-length is the best strategy to design powerful, custom-made phenolic antioxidants to protect lipid dispersion against oxidation. To illustrate, we report here the main strategies in the lipophilization of phenolic acids, the effect of such modification on the antioxidant properties, and current and potential applications of the resulting phenolipids. (Resume d'auteur)
Logic, Probability Theory, and their Application to Legal Reasoning

Both the use of logic and probability theory are heavily applied in many, if not all, areas and industries due to what they can offer. Logic is well known for enabling one to comprehend many things which include intentions, behavior, beliefs, intelligence, knowledge and languages, and to create algorithms designed to solve simple and complex problems. Probability theory is specifically designed to address uncertainty, which uncertainty exists everywhere. Through pairing probability theory with other disciplines is one able to address uncertainty in other fields. Combined, logic and probability theory enable one to address complex problems in law. This paper will first describe logic and probability theory, then address their application to legal reasoning. Accordingly, I argue that logic and probability theory can be used to validate thoughts and arguments made by lawyers and judges, allowing for better understanding of the validity, coherency, truthfulness of their arguments, and the correctness of the statements and decisions made by them.
Vegetative compatibility among Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) isolates from barley spikes in southern Manitoba1

Vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were determined for 43 Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) isolates from barley using nitrate-nonutilizing mutants. Single isolates from 22 fields throughout southern Manitoba were used to evaluate regional diversity, and an additional 21 isolates from 10 spikes in 4 fields were used to estimate local diversity. Of 183 mutants generated, 67 utilized both nitrite and hypoxanthine (nit1), 89 utilized hypoxanthine but not nitrite (nit3), and 27 utilized nitrite but not hypoxanthine (NitM). A nit1 mutant from each isolate was paired on nitrate medium to either a nit3 or NitM mutant from all isolates. There were 21 VCGs among 22 isolates collected throughout Manitoba and 16 VCGs among 21 isolates used to estimate local diversity. When the 43 isolates were combined, 34 VCGs were identified. The average ratio of VCGs to isolates was 0.95 for isolates from different fields, 0.94 for isolates from different spikes within a field, and 0.90 for isolates within the same spike. The results indicate a high degree of VCG diversity in the F. graminearum population from barley spikes at the regional, local, and within-spike levels. This diversity should be considered when screening barley germplasm for fusarium head blight resistance. Les groupes de compatibilité végétative (GCV) furent déterminés chez 43 isolats du Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch) sur l'orge en se servant de mutants incapables d'utiliser le nitrate. Des isolats, un pour chacun de 22 champs dispersés dans tout le sud du Manitoba, furent utilisés pour évaluer la diversité régionale, et 21 autres isolats obtenus de 10 épis dans 4 champs furent utilisés pour évaluer la diversité locale. Des 183 mutants générés, 67 utilisaient à la fois les nitrites et l'hypoxanthine (nit1), 89 utilisaient l'hypoxanthine mais pas les nitrites (nit3) et 27 utilisaient les nitrites mais pas l'hypoxanthine (NitM). Sur un milieu au nitrate, un mutant nit1 de chaque isolat fut confronté à un mutant nit3 ou NitM de chacun des autres isolats. Il y avait 21 GCV parmi les 22 isolats échantillonnés à travers le Manitoba et 16 GCV parmi les 21 isolats qui ont servi à estimer la diversité locale. Lorsque les 43 isolats furent confrontés, 34 GCV furent identifiés. Le rapport moyen entre le nombre de VGC et le nombre d'isolats était de 0,95 pour les isolats des différents champs, de 0,94 pour les isolats des différents épis dans un champ donné et de 0,90 pour les isolats obtenus d'un même épi. Les résultats indiquent une diversité de GCV très élevée dans la population du F. graminearum des épis d'orge aux niveaux régional, local et de l'épi. Cette diversité devrait être prise en compte lors de la sélection génétique dans les germoplasmes pour la résistance à la brûlure des épis.
A Case Study of Self-representation on Twitter: A Gender Analysis of How Student-athletes

Throughout sports coverage, mass media has been blamed for masculine hegemony, which often includes a lack of exposure regarding female sports and over emphasizing “femininity. ” The emergence of social media provides athletes the opportunities to portray themselves, increase their brand equity, and directly interact with other sport media consumers. Informed by self-presentation theory, this case study is an attempt to investigate whether gender difference exists between female and male student-athletes in term of the way they portray themselves on Twitter. The profiles, background pictures, bibliographies and the content of tweets from 100 NCAA Division I student-athletes’ Twitter accounts were selected to study. The results indicated that there were significant gender differences with regard to different types of profiles pictures used and types of information included in their biographies. The results also revealed that male student-athletes were more likely to demonstrate their athletic features on Twitter whereas female student-athletes were more likely to present themselves as “feminine. ”
PROBIOTICS IN ORAL & SYSTEMIC HEALTH: A REVIEW

Keeping into consideration the oral as well as the systemic health of mankind, probiotic bacteria have been added as ingredients to various food products used daily. The most basic mechanism on which the probiotics work is their unconventional ability to compete with the microorganism for sites of adhesion and improve host immune response or antagonize these organisms. Food diet plays an extremely important role in optimizing oral and systemic health status. Since ages the use of probiotics have been considered only to be involved with the prevention of gastrointestinal pathology, however some very detailed studies have indicated that probiotics can be useful for both systemic as well oral health.
Use of Alimet Feed Supplement (2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio) Butanoic Acid, HMTBA) for Broiler Production

Controversy about the efficacy of Alimet as a source of methionine arises from the fact that when it is ingested, it is fundamentally different from methionine. Thus, broiler performance studies comparing efficacy of Alimet and DL-methionine (DL-met) continue to be of interest. This report will cover two studies using Alimet Feed Supplement (an 88% aqueous solution of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, HMTBA). The objective of the first was to compare Alimet with DL-met as sources of supplemental L-methionine (L-met) for broiler production. The sources were fed on an equal dry-matter basis at a level approximating 85% of that used in commercial practice in the UK, where the study was run. A basal diet was used to confirm sensitivity to methionine source addition. No antibiotics were fed. Results confirmed a significant response to supplemental methionine over the 0-42 day study for gain and feed conversion efficiency with no significant difference between Alimet and DL-met. The objective of the second study was to compare performance of Alimet with DL-met when birds were fed high inclusion levels. In this experiment, conducted at Novus International, performance in a basal diet was compared to five supplemental levels of Alimet or DL-met (0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%). The first level of supplementation was designed to represent an adequate diet with subsequent levels representing excessive addition. Results confirmed that the performance and feed intake of birds fed DL-met was more negatively affected than those fed Alimet, with differences becoming significant above the 0.5% level. Data presented here confirm full molar equivalency of HMTBA to DL-met in broilers fed commercial diets and illustrate the relatively greater safety of Alimet when fed at higher inclusion levels.
Detection and first characterization of a cell‐wall lytic activity in Chlorella ellipsoidea C‐27

Cell wall lytic activity was detected in Chlorella ellipsoidea Gernick IAM C-27 using the [14C]-labeled cell wall as substrate. The highest activity was obtained at pH 8. and the solubilized product was a polysaccharide of high molecular weight. The lytic activity appeared to be a protease and did not hydrolyse glycosidic bonds of the cell wall polysaccharides. The activity probably solubilizes the cell wall by cleaving the peptide bonds that interconnect the polysaccharides of the cell wall.
Actions en phytotron de la vernalisation et d'éclairements forts sur la structure de l'épi de deux variétés de blé tendre d'hiver (Triticum aestivum L.)

L'influence de la duree de vernalisation sur la mise en place et le developpement ulterieur de l'epi est etudiee sur deux varietes de ble tendre d'hiver, «Courtot» peu exigeante en froid vernalisant et «Hobbit» tres exigeante, cultivees soit en polytalle, tritalle ou monotalle en phytotron. Chez «Courtot», l'allongement de la duree de vernalisation (5°C, 9 h) reduit le nombre d'epillets en raison de leur differenciation plus rapide, mais elle accroit le nombre de fleurs par epillet. D'autre part, elle augmente la longueur de la tige sans en modifier le nombre de nœuds. Chez «Hobbit», les resultats obtenus montrent une action de la vernalisation sur la modification de structure de l'inflorescence par la realisation de moins en moins complete de l'induction primaire. Ainsi, sous l'eclairement relativement faible de 310 μEm −2 s −1 R.P.A. +108 μEm −2 s −1 infra-rouge (IR), des epillets surnumeraires ou des ramifications de l'epi se developpent avec des durees de vernalisation de 70 ou 91 jours. Sous les deux types d'eclairements forts: xenon (460 μEm −2 s −1 R.P.A.+368 μEm −2 s −1 IR) et iodure metallique (430 μEm −2 s −1 R.P.A.+172 μEm −2 s −1 IR), sans vernalisation la multiplication de l'epi est obtenue. Apres vernalisation les epis sont normaux. La valeur des radiations photosynthetiquement actives semble seule importante, les radiations supplementaires specialement dans l'infra-rouge n'intervenant que de facon accessoire
Microbiological quality of feed materials used between 2009 and 2012 in Poland

Abstract The study was conducted at all regional veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Feed materials were examined for Salmonella prevalence and contamination by Enterobacteriaceae, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total plate count, fungi, Clostridium sp. , and Bacillus cereus. Assays were done following international and Polish standards used in food and feed microbiology. Salmonella sp. were most often detected in oil seeds. In most of the examined feed ingredients, the number of Enterobacteriaceae did not exceed 10 cfu/g. The contamination by aerobic bacteria ranged most often from 101to 107 cfu/g, and the highest mycological contamination was noted in cereal grains (108 cfu/g). The results showed that microbial contamination of feed materials in regard to Enterobacteriaceae, fungi, and total plate counts declined over the past years.