Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Climate Variability and Its Related Disease Prevalence on the Yield of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum Lam) in South East Ethiopia

Impacts of climate variability and disease prevalence on crop productivity (particularly wheat yield) are becoming major concern on their stable supply that affecting the livelihood of the farmers and consumers in South-East Ethiopia. The study was carried out with general objective to examine the effect of precipitation, temperature variation and disease prevalence on winter wheat (Triticum Aestivum Lam) for the last 20 years in Sinana farm of Oromia Seed Enterprise south east Ethiopia. Temperature and precipitation trends were evaluated using Sen’s slope estimator and Mann-Kendall trend test methods. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of the association between crop yield and climatic variability. Predictor models on productivity status comprising disease prevalence associated to climate variability for 20 years were established. A1°C temperature rise in average seasonal maximum temperature above the optimum brought productivity reduction by 1.17% coefficient of determination R2=0.428. Further, in 1°C temperature rise, the regression analysis of the productivity related to stem rust prevalence was subjected to a positive impact under Tmin, Tmax, RH, and seasonal RF with coefficient of determination R2=0.756. On the other hand, yellow rust prevalence was positively correlated with minimum temperature, maximum temperature and average relative humidity, but it was negatively correlated with average seasonal temperature. The study concluded that the variability of climate elements has been exerting a huge impact on the quality and quantity of winter wheat.
Predicting Software Defects using Machine Learning Techniques

A huge variety of software systems are relied upon in such domains as aviation, healthcare, manufacturing and robotics, and therefore, h systems and that they are reliable. Software defect prediction helps improve software reliability by identifying potential bugs during software maintenance. Traditionally, the focus of software defect prediction was on the design of static code metrics, which help with predicting the defect probabilities of a code when input into machine learning classifiers. While machine learning techniques such as Deep Learning technique, Ensembling, Data Mining, Clustering and Classification are known to help predict the location of defects in code bases, researchers have not yet agreed on which is the best predictor model. This paper will use 13 software defect datasets in evaluating the performance of the different predictor models. The results show that consistency in high accuracy prediction was achieved using Ensembling techniques.
Dipole Strength in 112 Sn up to 7 MeV from a Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence Study at the S-DALINAC Diploma

An investigation of low-lying electric dipole excitations in the semi-magic nuclide Sn with the help of nuclear resonance fluorescence is presented in the following work. The experimental data were obtained at the superconducting Darmstadt electron linear accelerator S-DALINAC using bremsstrahlung with endpoint energies 5.5 MeV, 7 MeV and 9.5 MeV. Data obtained for excitation energies of 5.5 MeV and 7 MeV were analyzed in this work. The excitation energies and the ground state transition widths are determined for the data. All about 30 newly observed states show dipole character. A detailed picture of the fine structure of the dipole strength in Sn is observed. The strong fragmentation of the dipole strength is found in the excitation energy region of 6 MeV to 7 MeV. It can be interpreted as part of the electric Pygmy dipole resonance. The extracted total E1 transition strength in the range for excitation energies up to 6.5 MeV amounts to ∑ B(E1)↑=0.089 efm with a centroid energy Ex=6.14 MeV.
New benzimidazole derivatives as inhibitors of Pteridine reductase 1: Design, molecular docking study and ADMET prediction

Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) is a unique enzyme required for survival of Leishmania species, a causative organism for the disease leishmaniasis. We herein report the design, docking, and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity (ADMET) prediction studies of 2-substituted-5-[(6-substituted-1H-benzimidazol-2yl)methyl]azole derivatives (B1–B14) as PTR1 inhibitors. Molecular docking studies showed good binding interaction of the compounds with the active site of pteridine reductase from Leishmania Major, with compounds B5 and B12 showing docking scores of −61.5232 and −62.5897, respectively, which were comparable with the original ligand, dihydrobiopterin. Large substituents on the azole ring, as well as substitutions on sixth position of the benzimidazole ring, were found to be favorable for interaction with PTR1 active site. Physicochemical properties, bioactivity prediction, and toxicity profiles of the compounds were studied using the Molinspiration and admetSAR web servers. All compounds followed Lipinski’s rule of five and can be considered as good oral candidates. Bioactivity prediction indicated that the compounds were enzyme inhibitor, thus the rationale for designing PTR1 inhibitors was met. Most of the compounds were predicted to have good ADMET properties in terms of Gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, absence of P-glycoprotein interaction, and LD50 values in rats. The designed molecules can be further explored for their antileishmanial activity.
Towards a Comprehensive Model for Analysis and Deﬁnition of Game Mechanics

Since the ancient human past, people create ways to entertain themselves and express their cultural traits, such as literature and cinema. These traditional forms of entertainment possess three elements in common: a technology to support them; an aesthetics to stimulate the senses of those who appreciate it; and a story to give them context. However, games are a new form of entertainment and culture that possess an outstanding element, absent in the other forms: the game mechanics. This extra element allows the user to continually interact with the game and to become responsible for the conduction of a process, thus being the causative agent of the ﬁnal outcome instead of a mere spectator. Therefore, in order to design and implement mechanics that are effective in making the experience of playing the best possible, it is important to research what are the game mechanics, which are their constituents and how these mechanics relate to each other. This paper presents a comparative survey about game mechanics with emphasis on digital games. Starting from this study, deﬁnitions and a methodology that stand out for their simplicity are proposed and subsequently applied in the analysis of existing game mechanics.
RESIDUAL STRESSES AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS BORIDE CERAMIC COMPOSITES WITH MONOCRYSTALLINE MATRIX

X-ray diffraction analysis studies the formation of a stress-strain state of single-crystal composites LaB6-TiB2 obtained under identical conditions by crucible-free float zone melting (FZM). The composites were obtained using monocrystalline LaB6 substrate seeds with <100>, <110> and <111> orientations. It is shown that indentation-induced deformation in the composite materials obtained by FZM is distinct from the deformation expected in their equilibrium state. This difference arises in part from residual thermal strains in both phases of the composites in a FZM -grown state. Interplay between residual thermal deformations and external mechanical deformation results in a complex distribution of dilatational strain in the LaB6 matrix and TiB2 fibers and differs in composites of different orientations. Reversal sign of the stress-strain state (e.g., alternating tensile/compressive/tensile in central part of the cross-section area) is observed predominantly in the matrix LAB6 and the TiB2 fibers of the composite with the orientation <111>. In the composite with the orientation <100>, this change in the deformation sign was not observed. The size and spread of cracks after indentation-induced deformation shows a decrease in microhardness in FZM -grown composites of <111> significantly more (40%) than in composites with a orientation of <100> (10%) compared with an equilibrium state.
CSB-RNN: A Super Real-time RNN Framework with Compressed Structured Block

This paper presents CSB-RNN, an optimized full-stack RNN framework with the novel compressed structured block (CSB) technique. The CSB-pruned RNN model comes with both fine-granularity that benefits the pruning rate and regular structure that facilitates the hardware-parallelism. Further, we propose a novel hardware architecture for inferencing the CSB-pruned model, which solves the block-workload imbalance issue and achieves an over 95% hardware utilization. CSB-RNN achieves 1 . 7 × -3 . 6 × improvement on the pruning rate comparing to the prior art. With the addition of novel architecture, the compressed-RNN inference reaches a super real-time latency of 23 µ s-67 µ s on FPGA implementation.
Why do Adolescents Seek Online Mental Health Information

Many adolescents avoid seeking psychological help despite the increasing prevalence of mental disorders. The current study investigated whether distress and stigma exhibit differential relationships to decisions to seek online mental health information among a sample of predominantly racial/ethnic minority U.S. adolescents. In this investigation, 174 adolescents (Age: M = 15.90, SD = 0.85, Range = 14−19) completed assessments of help-seeking stigma, psychological distress, and a question asking if they would like to view a website with mental health information. Distress was a statistically significant predictor of decisions to seek online mental health information, but stigma was not. Severely distressed boys were more likely to seek online information than severely distressed girls. Evidence-based online resources may be particularly effective ways to support distressed adolescents.
Cost-effectiveness model for a hypothetical monotherapy vs standard of care in adult patients with treatment-resistant depression

Background Patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) have limited treatment options. We developed an early stage cost-effectiveness model of TRD to explore the potential value of a hypothetical monotherapy relative to the standard of care (SOC). The relative impacts of the monotherapy’s three differentiating features over SOC are explored: efficacy advantage, tolerability advantage, and price premium. Methods We adapted an existing economic model of TRD to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical monotherapy for TRD with a 25% efficacy advantage, a 10% tolerability advantage, and a 50% price premium over SOC (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor plus atypical antipsychotics [SSRI + AAP]). The model is a hybrid of a decision tree that captures patients’ outcomes after an 8-week acute treatment phase and a Markov model that simulates patients’ depression course through a 10-month maintenance phase. Sensitivity (deterministic and probabilistic) and scenario analyses were conducted to characterize the relative impacts of the monotherapy’s three differentiating features over SOC. Results Over the 12-month time horizon, the hypothetical monotherapy is shown to dominate SOC; it generates lower costs and higher quality-adjusted life years in comparison to SSRI + AAP. Sensitivity and scenario analyses showed that this dominance depends largely on the monotherapy’s efficacy and tolerability advantages over SOC. Specifically, a monotherapy with ≥ 12% efficacy or ≥70% tolerability advantage (and a 50% price premium) will always be superior to SSRI + AAP. Between these two extremes, most profiles, nonetheless, generate incremental cost-utility ratios for the monotherapy, which fall below common payer willingness-to-pay thresholds. Conclusion Our adaptation of an existing economic model of TRD provides a flexible platform for researchers to evaluate the efficacy/tolerability improvements required for a successful new TRD product and for decision-makers to assess the cost-effectiveness impact of uncertainties inherent in early stage product development in TRD.
Research development of porcine growth hormone

Porcine growth hormone is a peptide hormone which is produced and released by the anterior pituitary. In this paper, the structure, genetic polymorphism and expression of porcine growth hormone gene were described. Furthermore, the structure feature, physiological function and secretion regularity of porcine growth hormone had been reviewed.
Mindfulness y Cáncer: Aplicación del programa MBPM de Respira Vida Breatworks en pacientes oncol´ógicos

El cáncer es una enfermedad frecuente y compleja que compromete la supervivencia de la persona que la padece, y genera un estrés socioemocional que condiciona la calidad de vida y justifica la demanda de atención psicoterapéutica. Estudios previos muestran que un programa basado en mindfulness contribuye a un mayor ajuste psicológico en los pacientes oncológicos, reducción de los niveles de ansiedad y de depresión, mejoría de la calidad del sueño, uso de mejores estrategias de afrontamiento, cambios en el sistema inmune y endocrino, aumento de la calidad de vida y reducción del dolor. El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar la mejora del ajuste psicológico del paciente oncológico a través de la aplicación del programa de tratamiento MBPM. La muestra de pacientes (N=22) fue derivada de la unidad de psicooncología de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer de Valencia. Todos los sujetos fueron entrevistados y evaluados antes de la intervención y después de la misma, mediante una batería de cuestionarios. El programa MBPM creado por Vidyamala Burch. Se trata de una terapia grupal consta de 8 sesiones de 2,5 horas de duración y frecuencia semanal, que enseña una forma más sana de relacionarse con el sufrimiento, mediante la autogestión. Tras la intervención se observa una mejoría significativa en la escala que mide capacidad mindful, en la de autocompasión y en el bienestar psicológico, satisfacción con la vida y vitalidad subjetiva y una reducción significativa del dolor (p<0.05). Tal y como muestran los resultados, mejora el ajuste psicológico de los pacientes. Cabe destacar la importancia de replicar este estudio con un grupo control y un N mayor para poder generalizar estos resultados, aunque los resultados son prometedores.
Lower bounds for the number of limit cycles in a generalised Rayleigh–Liénard oscillator

In this paper a generalised Rayleigh–Liénard oscillator is consider and lower bounds for the number of limit cycles bifurcating from weak focus equilibria and saddle connections are provided. By assuming some open conditions on the parameters of the considered system the existence of up to twelve limit cycles is provided. More precisely, the approach consists in perform suitable changes in the sign of some specific parameters and apply Poincaré–Bendixson theorem for assure the existence of limit cycles. In particular, the algorithm for obtaining the limit cycles through the referred approach is explicitly exhibited. The main techniques applied in this study are the Lyapunov constants and the Melnikov method. The obtained results contemplate the simultaneity of limit cycles of small amplitude and medium amplitude, the former emerging from a weak focus equilibrium and the latter from homoclinic or heteroclinic saddle connections.
Romiplostim and Eltrombopag in Immune Thrombocytopenia as a Second-Line Treatment

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by platelet count less than 100×109/L and an increased risk of bleeding. The risk of bleeding increases in proportion with the degree of thrombocytopenia. Although several medications are used for primary thrombocytopenia treatment, refractoriness remains a concern. Romiplostim and eltrombopag, two relatively new drugs, have been shown to be successful in ITP treatment after standard treatment failure. The current guidelines recommend their use as a second-line treatment. In this article, we have tried to compare which of these two medications is the best option considering clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, adverse effects, and the possibility of switching between them in case of ineffectiveness. The studies used in this article were found in the PubMed database. All the studies are limited to adults. Based on these studies, both medications seem to be a largely effective, safe option. Romiplostim appears to have slightly fewer adverse effects and higher costs. Switching between thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TRAs) is a successful way to overcome adverse effects and inadequacy according to the currently available literature. We believe that more detailed studies are needed to determine which of these drugs should be considered the first choice, to report long term efficacy and adverse effects, and to determine if treatment guidelines can change regarding the use of TRAs as first-line treatment.
Experimental evidences of a structural and dynamical transition in fish school

We have developed a video tracking system in order to determine all the trajectories of young fish (Oreochromis niloticus L.) within a school. Both individual and collective behaviours have been studied as a function of the number of fish per unit area. By studying distributions of distances between fish and distributions of relative orientations, structural effects and cooperative motions have been evidenced. Signatures of a phase transition have been found, as predicted by some numerical models. This work opens new perspectives in the study of collective phenomena in biological systems since it is the first time that such measurements are possible. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
THE DORSAL PATWHAY MEDIATES SPEECH ADAPTATION 1 A MEDIATING ROLE OF THE AUDITORY DORSAL PATHWAY IN SELECTIVE ADAPTATION TO SPEECH: A STATE-DEPENDENT TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION STUDY

In addition to sensory processing, recent neurobiological models of speech perception postulate the existence of a left auditory dorsal processing stream, linking auditory speech representations in the auditory cortex with articulatory representations in the motor system, through sensorimotor interaction interfaced in the supramarginal gyrus and/or the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus. The present state-dependent transcranial magnetic stimulation study is aimed at determining whether speech recognition is indeed mediated by the auditory dorsal pathway, by examining the causal contribution of the left ventral premotor cortex, supramarginal gyrus and posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus during an auditory syllable identification/categorization task. To this aim, participants listened to a sequence of /ba/ syllables before undergoing a two forced-choice auditory syllable decision task on ambiguous syllables (ranging in the categorical boundary between /ba/ and /da/). Consistent with previous studies on selective adaptation to speech, following adaptation to /ba/, participants responses were biased towards /da/. In contrast, in a control condition without prior auditory adaptation no such bias was observed. Crucially, compared to the results observed without stimulation, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered at the onset of each target stimulus interacted with the initial state of each of the stimulated brain area by enhancing the adaptation effect. These results demonstrate that the auditory dorsal pathway contribute to auditory speech adaptation.
Phase transformation of hydrous ringwoodite to the lower-mantle phases and the formation of dense hydrous silica

Abstract To understand the effects of H2O on the mineral phases forming under the pressure-temperature conditions of the lower mantle, we have conducted laser-heated diamond-anvil cell experiments on hydrous ringwoodite (Mg2SiO4 with 1.1 wt% H2O) at pressures between 29 and 59 GPa and temperatures between 1200 and 2400 K. Our results show that hydrous ringwoodite (hRw) converts to crystalline dense hydrous silica, stishovite (Stv) or CaCl2-type SiO2 (mStv), containing 1 wt% H2O together with Brd and MgO at the pressure-temperature conditions expected for shallow lower-mantle depths between approximately 660 to 1600 km. Considering the lack of sign for melting in our experiments, our preferred interpretation of the observation is that Brd partially breaks down to dense hydrous silica and periclase (Pc), forming the phase assembly Brd + Pc + Stv. The results may provide an explanation for the enigmatic coexistence of Stv and Fp inclusions in lower-mantle diamonds.
BGP Verification without Specification Semester

In this thesis, we aim to create a system that protects a single AS from accepting wrong, unusual, and unintended routes and prevents it from propagating them any further. To cause minimal disruption to the network operators’ daily work, we intend to design the system in way such that the BGP configuration of the AS only has to beminimally changed. This is done by introducing a middle-man on every BGP session of the AS that intercepts BGP messages, analyzes them, and if necessary holds them back or discards them.
Covering the global threat landscape DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN MALICIOUS APP COLLUSION AND BENIGN APP COLLABORATION: A MACHINE-LEARNING APPROACH

Mobile operating systems support multiple communication methods between apps running on mobile devices. Unfortunately, these convenient inter-app communication mechanisms also make it possible to carry out harmful actions in a collaborative fashion. Two or more mobile apps, viewed independently, may not appear to be malicious. However, in combination they could become harmful by exchanging information with one another and by performing malicious activities together. In 2014, a collaborative project known as ACiD was set up (http://acidproject.org.uk), one of the aims of which was to investigate this potential threat. ACiD stands for ‘Application Collusion Detection’. Our main focus was Android OS, which we expected to be the primary target for attacks based on app collusion.
Rifampicin as Potent Inhibitor of COVID - 19 Main Protease: In-Silico Docking Approach

Corona virus (COVID-19) is an enveloped RNA virus that is diversely initiates in humans and wildlife. A total of 6 species have been identified to cause disease in humans. Viral infections play a critical role in human diseases, and recent outbreaks is the influx worldwide in form of novel corona . The SS-RNA virus from the enveloped corona virus family caused SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) which is life threatening viral infection. The spreading of infection is quick in many countries of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) called COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There are numerous drug trials going on with some positive results. Though, since no vaccine is available, the best way to fight the virus is by preventive measures. In the present research an attempt had been made to find new COVID-19 main protease inhibitor by molecular docking approach. The present study reveals that rifampicin has good binding affinity with COVID-19 protease and thus can be used as prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment for corona patient.