Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increases in Certain Diseases and after Immunization *

The human Ia antigens, products of the genes of the major histocompatibility complex, were first recognized primarily on the B lymphocytes by alloantisera obtained from pregnant or transplant subjects (1, 2). Heteroantisera were subsequently prepared by immunizing rabbits with highly purified antigens from solubilized m e m b r a n e fractions of Blymphob las to id cell-l ine cells (3, 4). W i t h the use of these ant isera , it became a p p a r e n t tha t a very small but def ini te percentage of per iphera l b lood T lymphocytes express such ant igens (5). D u r i n g the s tudy, a few pat ien ts wi th e levated levels were also encountered . In add i t ion , cons iderable elevat ions of the percentages of Ia + T cells have been found after s t imula t ion with mi togens or du r ing mixed leukocyte cul ture (MLC) 1 react ion (6-8). Pa t ien ts wi th infectious mononucle osis (9) and graft-vs.-host react ion (10) also have been repor ted to show elevated levels of Ia-posi t ive T cells. In this s tudy a b roade r examina t i on of the Ia marke r on T lymphocytes of pa t ien ts wi th various diseases was made , employ ing bo th the alloand he te roant i se ra as well as mouse monoclona l an t ibodies to Ia de te rminants . Special efforts were d i rec ted towards ga in ing an unde r s t and ing of the signif icance of the elevations observed.
Sensor node localization using weighted and iterative maximum likelihood

We propose a localization method based on an enhanced maximum likelihood (ML) method, which uses the probability density function of radio signal strength indicators (RSSIs). ML is a method used for estimating node location with high accuracy. However, it often requires a large number of anchor nodes, which results in a high cost. To solve this problem, we introduce two key features into the ordinary ML method: iterative multilateration and certainty weight. The former enables the localization of nodes, which cannot directly obtain sufficient information from anchors to estimate their own location, by using the neighboring nodes with already estimated locations as pseudo-anchors (PAs). The latter provides high accuracy by weighting the location of the PA depending on its certainty. The proposed method performs localization in a distributed manner and has high scalability. The evaluation results show that our method can estimate many node locations with a higher accuracy than the original ML.
Chemically Derived, Ultrasmooth Graphene Nanoribbon Semiconductors

We developed a chemical route to produce graphene nanoribbons (GNR) with width below 10 nanometers, as well as single ribbons with varying widths along their lengths or containing lattice-defined graphene junctions for potential molecular electronics. The GNRs were solution-phase–derived, stably suspended in solvents with noncovalent polymer functionalization, and exhibited ultrasmooth edges with possibly well-defined zigzag or armchair-edge structures. Electrical transport experiments showed that, unlike single-walled carbon nanotubes, all of the sub–10-nanometer GNRs produced were semiconductors and afforded graphene field effect transistors with on-off ratios of about 107 at room temperature.
Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor Signal Transduction in Endothelial Cells by Dimethylaminopurine*

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promotes diverse responses in endothelial cells that are important to the host response to infections and malignancies; however, less is known of the postreceptor events important to TNF action in endothelial cells than in many other cell types. Since phosphorylation cascades are implicated in cytokine signaling, the effects of the protein kinase inhibitor dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) on TNF action in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were investigated. In BAEC, TNF promotes phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and ceramide-activated protein kinase activities, Jun-b expression, prostacyclin production, and, when protein synthesis is inhibited, cytotoxicity. DMAP abrogated or significantly attenuated each of these responses to TNF, without affecting the specific binding of TNF to its receptors. Histamine, another agent active in the endothelium, promotes phosphorylation of elongation factor-2 (EF-2) and prostacyclin production, but not phosphorylation of eIF-4E in BAEC. Histamine-stimulated EF-2 phosphorylation was not inhibited and prostacyclin production was unaffected by DMAP. These observations demonstrate that a distinct signal transduction cascade, which can be selectively inhibited by DMAP, promotes the response of BAEC to TNF. Thus, we have identified a reagent, DMAP, that may be useful for characterizing the TNF signal transduction pathway.
The Sernbo score predicts 1-year mortality after displaced femoral neck fractures treated with a hip arthroplasty

Background and purpose — Displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) are associated with high rates of mortality during the first postoperative year. The Sernbo score (based on age, habitat, mobility, and mental state) can be used to stratify patients into groups with different 1-year mortality. We assessed this predictive ability in patients with a displaced FNF treated with a hemiarthroplasty or a total hip arthroplasty. Patients and methods — 292 patients (median age 83 (65–99) years, 68% female) with a displaced FNF were included in this prospective cohort study. To predict 1-year mortality, we used a multivariate logistic regression analysis including comorbidities and perioperative management. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the Sernbo score, which was subsequently divided in a new manner into a low, intermediate, or high risk of death during the first year. Results — At 1-year follow-up, the overall mortality rate was 24%, and in Sernbo’s low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups it was 5%, 22%, and 51%, respectively. The Sernbo score was the only statistically significant predictor of 1-year mortality: odds ratio for the intermediate-risk group was 4.2 (95% Cl: 1.5–12) and for the high-risk group it was 15 (95% CI: 5–40). The ROC analysis showed a fair predictive ability of the Sernbo score, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73–0.83). Using a cutoff of less than 11 points on the score gave a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 83%. Interpretation — The Sernbo score identifies patients who are at high risk of dying in the first postoperative year. This scoring system could be used to better tailor perioperative care and treatment in patients with displaced FNF.
Cellular / Molecular Acute Cocaine Exposure Weakens GABAB Receptor-Dependent G-Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying K Signaling in Dopamine Neurons of the Ventral Tegmental Area

Devinder Arora,1* Matthew Hearing,1* Desirae M. Haluk,1* Kelsey Mirkovic,1 Ana Fajardo-Serrano,3 Martin W. Wessendorf,2 Masahiko Watanabe,4 Rafael Luján,3 and Kevin Wickman1 Departments of 1Pharmacology and 2Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, 3Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Castilla–La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain, and 4Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
Noise‐induced hearing loss in young adults: The role of personal listening devices and other sources of leisure noise

Concept: No consensus exists regarding the magnitude of the risk of noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL) associated with leisure noise, in particular, personal listening devices in young adults. Objective: Examine the magnitude of hearing loss associated with personal listening devices and other sources of leisure noise in causing NIHL in young adults. Study Design: Prospective auditory testing of college student volunteers with retrospective history exposure to home stereos, personal listening devices, firearms, and other sources of recreational noise. Methods: Subjects underwent audiologic examination consisting of estimation of pure‐tone thresholds, speech reception thresholds, and word recognition at 45 dB HL. Results: Fifty subjects aged 18 to 30 years were tested. All hearing thresholds of all subjects (save one—a unilateral 30 dB HL threshold at 6 kHz) were normal, (i.e., 25 dB HL or better). A 10 dB threshold elevation (notch) in either ear at 3 to 6 kHz as compared with neighboring frequencies was noted in 11 (22%) subjects and an unequivocal notch (15 dB or greater) in either ear was noted in 14 (28%) of subjects. The presence or absence of any notch (small or large) did not correlate with any single or cumulative source of noise exposure. No difference in pure‐tone threshold, speech reception threshold, or speech discrimination was found among subjects when segregated by noise exposure level. Conclusion: The majority of young users of personal listening devices are at low risk for substantive NIHL. Interpretation of the significance of these findings in relation to noise exposure must be made with caution. NIHL is an additive process and even subtle deficits may contribute to unequivocal hearing loss with continued exposure. The low prevalence of measurable deficits in this study group may not exclude more substantive deficits in other popu lations with greater exposures. Continued education of young people about the risk to hearing from recreational noise exposure is warranted.
Differential Profiles of MicroRNAs in Retinoblastoma Cell Lines of Different Proliferation and Adherence Patterns

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in childhood. To investigate differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in RB cell lines of different growth patterns: SNUOT-Rb1 with adherent and more rapid growth and Y79 with nonadherent and slower growth, miRNA microarray was performed. Common mRNA targets of each miRNA were extracted from 4 web-based databases: TargetScan, miRanda, RNAhybrid, and PicTar. Biological functions of target genes were predicted with the PANTHER Classification System. We identified 39 differentially expressed miRNAs between 2 cell lines: 22 were upregulated in SNUOT-Rb1 cells, and the other 17 were overexpressed in Y79 cells. More than half of top 10 mRNA targets of hsa-miR-10b, hsa-miR-29a, hsa-miR-29b, hsa-miR-29c, and hsa-let-7c in SNUOT-Rb1 cells and hsa-miR-34a, hsa-miR-34c-5p, hsa-miR-124, hsa-miR-135b, hsa-miR-142-5p, and hsa-let-7i in Y79 cells were related with biological processes, which could affect the growth patterns of cells: cell adhesion, cell cycle, cell death, and cell division. On the basis of the data from the target analysis of each miRNA, we found out several miRNAs, which were differentially expressed and had targets of possible impact on progression of RB. From these analyses, we suggest that some differential miRNAs could have roles in miRNA-targeted treatments on RB.
OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR PROBABILITY AND DELAY IN COMMITMENT

In the first stage of a two-stage choice, human subjects chose between probabilistic access to a second choice (between a small high-probability reward and a large low-probability reward) and commitment to the large low-probability reward. When confronted with the second-stage choice, subjects strongly preferred the small high-probability reward. When the first-stage probability (of access to the second stage) was high, subjects strongly preferred the path leading to the choice in the second stage. But when the first-stage probability was low, subjects committed themselves to the large low-probability reward. These results parallel those obtained by Rachlin and Green (1972) with pigeons and constitute some evidence that probabilities may be interpreted as delays.
To eject or to abandon? Life history traits of hosts and parasites interact to influence the fitness payoffs of alternative anti‐parasite strategies

Hosts either tolerate avian brood parasitism or reject it by ejecting parasitic eggs, as seen in most rejecter hosts of common cuckoos, Cuculus canorus, or by abandoning parasitized clutches, as seen in most rejecter hosts of brown‐headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater. What explains consistent variation between alternative rejection behaviours of hosts within the same species and across species when exposed to different types of parasites? Life history theory predicts that when parasites decrease the fitness of host offspring, but not the future reproductive success of host adults, optimal clutch size should decrease. Consistent with this prediction, evolutionarily old cowbird hosts, but not cuckoo hosts, have lower clutch sizes than related rarely‐ or newly parasitized species. We constructed a mathematical model to calculate the fitness payoffs of egg ejector vs. nest abandoner hosts to determine if various aspects of host life history traits and brood parasites’ virulence on adult and young host fitness differentially influence the payoffs of alternative host defences. These calculations showed that in general egg ejection was a superior anti‐parasite strategy to nest abandonment. Yet, increasing parasitism rates and increasing fitness values of hosts’ eggs in both currently parasitized and future replacement nests led to switch points in fitness payoffs in favour of nest abandonment. Nonetheless, nest abandonment became selectively more favourable only at lower clutch sizes and only when hosts faced parasitism by a cowbird‐ rather than a cuckoo‐type brood parasite. We suggest that, in addition to evolutionary lag and gape‐size limitation, our estimated fitness differences based on life history trait variation provide new insights for the consistent differences observed in the anti‐parasite rejection strategies between many cuckoo‐ and cowbird‐hosts.
SLIT 2 Axon Guidance Molecule Is Frequently Inactivated in Colorectal Cancer and Suppresses Growth of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells 1

We have shown recently that SLIT2 has tumor suppressor activity and that it is epigenetically silenced in >40% of lung and breast tumors. In this study, we have analyzed the methylation status of SLIT2 in primary colorectal cancers and matching normal colorectal mucosa. SLIT2 promoter region methylation was found in 23 (72%) of 32 primary colorectal cancers. In contrast, normal colorectal mucosa from the same patients exhibited significantly lower levels of SLIT2 promoter region hypermethylation. SLIT2 methylation was reversed and expression restored by treating colorectal tumor cell lines with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2deoxycytidine. Loss of heterozygosity at D4S1546 marker, which maps within 100 kb of the SLIT2 gene, was observed in 39% of the methylated tumors. Furthermore, SLIT2 epigenetic silencing was independent of ROBO1/p16/RASSF1A hypermethylation. The presence of SLIT2 methylation was also independent of the presence of K-RAS mutations. Ectopic expression of SLIT2 diminished the ability to form colonies in two colorectal tumor cell lines. In addition, conditioned medium from SLIT2transfected COS-7 cells reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis in SW48 colorectal tumor cell line. In conclusion, SLIT2 is an excellent candidate tumor suppressor gene for colorectal cancer.
Notice of RetractionStudy on Riparian Zone Microbial Community Structure of the Wenyu River by T-RFLP Analysis

Nine sections micro-ecology of Wenyu River in different functions was researched by T-RFLP method and cloning construction. We identified its strength communities based on factors of the number of species, dominant colonies, the stability of community structure of the micro-organisms. And then we further clarify the diversity of every microbial community structures using Shannon Diversity index and Simpson Diversity index. Finally, we examine the relevance of the microbial indicators. Results indicate the microbe number of Wenyu River has significant changes in different scales . Microbial communities of T-RF67bp, 151bp, 440bp, 481bp, 488bp represent the dominant species in river; T-RF135bp, 151bp, 440bp were most sensitive to environment, suggesting they may act as indictors of environment changing. This study was the foundation to further understand the structures and functions of the whole ecology system.
Cross-domain inhibition of TACE ectodomain

Proteolytic release from the cell surface is an essential activation event for many growth factors and cytokines. TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) is a membrane-bound metalloprotease responsible for solubilizing many pathologically significant membrane substrates and is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and arthritis. Prior attempts to antagonize cell-surface TACE activity have focused on small-molecule inhibition of the metalloprotease active site. Given the highly conserved nature of metalloprotease active sites, this paradigm has failed to produce a truly specific TACE inhibitor and continues to obstruct the clinical investigation of TACE activity. We report the bespoke development of a specific TACE inhibitory human antibody using “two-step” phage display. This approach combines calculated selection conditions with antibody variable-domain exchange to direct individual antibody variable domains to desired epitopes. The resulting “cross-domain” human antibody is a previously undescribed selective TACE antagonist and provides a unique alternative to small-molecule metalloprotease inhibition.
Bi-modal Regulation of a Formin by srGAP2*

The maintenance of rapid and efficient actin dynamics in vivo requires coordination of filament assembly and disassembly. This regulation requires temporal and spatial integration of signaling pathways by protein complexes. However, it remains unclear how these complexes form and then regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we identify a srGAP2 and formin-like 1 (FMNL1, also known as FRL1 or FRLα) complex whose assembly is regulated by Rac signaling. Our data suggest srGAP2 regulates FMNL1 in two ways; 1) Rac-mediated activation of FMNL1 leads to the recruitment of srGAP2, which contains a Rac-specific GAP domain; 2) the SH3 domain of srGAP2 binds the formin homology 1 domain of FMNL1 to inhibit FMNL1-mediated actin severing. Thus, srGAP2 can efficiently terminate the upstream activating Rac signal while also opposing an important functional output of FMNL1, namely actin severing. We also show that FMNL1 and srGAP2 localize to the actin-rich phagocytic cup of macrophage-derived cells, suggesting the complex may regulate this Rac- and actin-driven process in vivo. We propose that after Rac-dependent activation of FMNL1, srGAP2 mediates a potent mechanism to limit the duration of Rac action and inhibit formin activity during rapid actin dynamics.
Levels of Serum Cytokines and Acute Phase Proteins in Patients With Essential and Cancer‐Related Thrombocytosis

&NA; Essential thrombocytosis (ET) is a myeloproliferative disorder resulting in an increased production of abnormal platelets. Reactive thrombocytosis (RT) is occasionally observed in clinical situations including chronic inflammation and malignancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the discriminatory efficiency of various laboratory tests in patients with ET and cancer‐related RT. Forty‐five patients with ET, 52 patients with RT, and 25 age‐matched normal individuals comprised the study population. Plasma interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1a), IL‐2, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐a), platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ferritin were determined. We found increased levels of ferritin, LDH, CRP, ESR, IL‐1a, and IL‐6 in RT compared with ET (p < 0.01 to p < 0.0005). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets were significantly lower in RT than in ET (p < 0.0005). Furthermore, ferritin and ESR were negatively correlated with Hct, hemoglobin, and TNF‐a, whereas ferritin was positively correlated with ESR, IL‐1a, IL‐6, and CRP, and IL‐1a was positively correlated with IL‐6. We consider that the aforementioned parameters should be included in the investigation of unexplained thrombocytosis for the differentiation of essential from cancer related thrombocytosis.
Intraparenchymal Choroid Plexus Papilloma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a rare tumor of the central nervous system, which is usually located in the ventricular system and can metastasize to cisterns along the cerebrospinal fluid circulation. CPP is only rarely located in the intraparenchymal. Here, we describe an unusual case of such a tumor in a 25-year- old man. He initially experienced a sudden, generalized tonic-clonic seizure; further investigation showed no electrolyte imbalance and ruled out the possibility that the seizure was induced by medication. A sharply circumscribed regular mass lesion was identified on a magnetic resonance image in the medial aspect of the left temporal lobe together with invasion of the cortex. The patient underwent stereotaxic biopsy for a pathological diagnosis, followed by craniotomy with total resection of the mass 1 week later. The histopathology showed that the lesion was a CPP. The pathophysiology, radiology, classification, and treatment strategy of this rare tumor are discussed in the report.
Approche par contraintes des problèmes d'ordonnancement et d'affectation : structures temporelles et mécanismes de propagation. (A Constraint-based Approach for Scheduling and Allocation: Temporal Structures and Propagation Mechanisms)

Ces travaux presentent une classe d'approches par contraintes pour aborder les problemes d'ordonnancement de tâches et d'affectation de ressources. Ils presentent notamment les recherches menees sur la conception de mecanismes generaux de propagation de contraintes. Des rapprochements sont faits avec des techniques issues des problemes de satisfaction de contraintes. Le cas des problemes d'ordonnancement purement temporels est rapidement aborde, puis la presentation se consacre a des problemes dans lesquels les tâches doivent respecter a la fois des contraintes temporelles et des contraintes de partage et d'affectation de ressources. On presente notamment une synthese des travaux ayant pour but l'elaboration de regles de propagation faisant interagir des contraintes temporelles simples et des contraintes de ressources. Trois types de raisonnement sont etudies et dans certains cas etendus par rapport a leur formulation originale. Le premier, les operations locales, necessite une analyse prealable des conflits entre tâches et infere des conditions de sequencement locales a une ressource. Le deuxieme, les operations globales, agit suivant le principe d'une contrainte posee sur l'ensemble du probleme. Le troisieme, le raisonnement energetique, integre simultanement les contraintes de temps et de ressources et permet de limiter l'intervalle de temps sur lequel peut etre realisee une tâche. L'utilisation et le controle des mecanismes de propagation de contraintes sont discutes. Ils peuvent servir a decouvrir rapidement une inconsistance globale dans la formulation du probleme, ou a simplifier sa resolution. Nous fournissons ainsi des elements sur la decomposition et la strategie de resolution des problemes.
>: une evaluation des systemes de reperage d'entites nommees

○ On appelle traditionnellement entites nommees (de l'anglais named entity) l'ensemble des noms de personnes, d'entreprises et de lieux presents dans un texte donne. On associe souvent a ces elements d'autres syntagmes reperables par des grammaires locales comme les dates, les unites monetaires, les pourcentages, etc. ○ Cet article presente un etat de l'art des systemes permettant le reperage des entites nommees. Nous proposons un protocole pour « deconstruire » un systeme et en evaluer les differentes composantes. Nous examinerons les performances d'un tel systeme muni de capacites d'apprentissage mais disposant de connaissances initiales reduites. Nous menons ces experiences dans des conditions operationnelles: les corpus vises sont de natures diverses, de taille souvent modeste et ils ne sont pas etiquetes au prealable. ○ Enfin, nous proposons des indicateurs permettant d'estimer a priori le gain que peuvent apporter des capacites d'apprentissage et de revision liees a un systeme a base de regles.