Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of nanowire diameter beyond lithography limits by controlled catalyst dewetting

Catalyst assisted vapour-liquid–solid is the most common method to realize bottom-up nanowire growth; establishing a parallel process for obtaining nanoscale catalysts at pre-defined locations is paramount for further advancement towards commercial nanowire applications. Herein, the effect of a selective area mask on the dewetting of metallic nanowire catalysts, deposited within lithography-defined mask pinholes, is reported. It was found that thin disc-like catalysts, with diameters of 120–450 nm, were transformed through dewetting into hemisphere-like catalysts, having diameters 2–3 fold smaller; the process was optimized to about 95% yield in preventing catalyst splitting, as would otherwise be expected due to their thickness-to-diameter ratio, which was as low as 1/60. The catalysts subsequently facilitated InP and InAs nanowire growth. We suggest that the mask edges prevent surface migration mediated spreading of the dewetted metal, and therefore induce its agglomeration into a single particle. This result presents a general strategy to diminish lithography-set dimensions for NW growth, and may answer a fundamental challenge faced by bottom-up nanowire technology.
Competitive interactions between the invasive green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides and native canopy-forming seaweeds in Nova Scotia (Canada)

Two concurrent 2 yr experiments were con- ducted along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia (1) to exam- ine competitive interactions between the invasive green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides and canopy-form- ing native seaweeds, particularly the dominant kelps (Laminaria longicruris and L. digitata) and opportunistic algae (Desmarestia viridis and D. aculeata), and (2) to identify conditions enabling the establishment and persis- tence of C. fragile. In the first experiment, Laminaria spp. and/or Desmarestia spp. were either removed or left intact (in an orthogonal factorial design) to examine their effect on C. fragile. At the end of the experiment, cover, density, and biomass of C. fragile did not differ significantly among treatments, although mean density was up to 2 times greater in plots where kelp was removed than in control plots. While removal of kelp positively affected growth of C. fragile (up to 12 cm mo -1 ) during the first year, growth was similar among treatments in the second year, when kelps were smaller and Desmarestia spp. were virtually absent (following decimation of native seaweeds by the invasive bryozoan Membranipora membranacea). Survival of marked individuals of C. fragile was high in all treatments in the first year (85 to 100%), but dropped dur- ing winter in the second year (40 to 60%). In the second experiment, the effect of stands of C. fragile on re- colonization by Laminaria spp. and Desmarestia spp. was examined by removing C. fragile in both Pulse and Press removal treatments. At the end of the experiment, density of Laminaria spp. in the Press treatment was more than 4 times higher than in the Pulse treatment. Dense stands of C. fragile in control plots inhibited recruitment of kelps and other seaweeds, and survival of marked thalli of C. fragile over 9 mo was high (90%). We conclude C. fragile exhibits competitive advantages over native seaweeds through opportunistic exploitation of disturbance- generated gaps within kelp beds. Once established as dense meadows, C. fragile prevents re-colonization by kelp and persists as the dominant canopy-forming sea- weed for prolonged periods.
ITCM: Improved Adaptive Transmission Control Mechanism for Underwater Sensor Network

An Improved Adaptive Transmission Control Mechanism (IATC) for underwater acoustic sensor networks is proposed in this paper. This mechanism controls transmission delay and releases collisions adaptively according to different conditions of the wireless links periodically feed back by the receiver. Our work is succeeding in releasing collisions and reducing propagation delay. Further more, the energy is reserved by reducing repeated transmission. Simulations show IATC can amend the transmission time adaptively depending on users and can save 50% energy.
Evaluation of a learning platform and assessment methods for informal elementary environmental education focusing on sustainability, presented through a case study (RTP)

Members of Lafayette College and community partners have developed an informal education platform for upper elementary and middle school-aged learners and a method for assessing the effectiveness of this learning platform. The platform consists of a series of learner-centered, experiential learning modules that are not only aligned with K12 learning standards, but are also in the spirit of ASEE’s mission promoting excellence in instruction, research, public service and practice. Our team of student leaders, along with guidance from faculty mentors and local education experts, designed the modules and trained facilitators to present them. The modules were presented primarily during an annual three-day summer STEM camp for local elementary school students, as well as during one-day campus events. Each of these educational programs was centered on the theme of sustainability. Presented through a case study, our approach to assessment is iterative, in that we have developed new instruments for each successive educational program which have built upon previously developed assessment strategies. Our learning outcomes effectively address a call to action by the United States President’s Council on Sustainable Development and are geared to provide a skill set many believe to be critical to global sustainability. The instruments are designed to elicit both quantitative and qualitative data, through pre and post assessments, via a variety of question types. Our analysis of the data collected reveals increased knowledge and awareness of sustainability issues among participants, suggesting strongly that our desired outcomes were achieved. This analysis is supported by scores at the 95% confidence level which affirms that students perform better on surveys after interacting with sustainability-themed modules. A vast majority of participants (91%) were able to accurately define the term “sustainability” compared to 32% who could do so prior to the start of the camp. There was a statistically significant improvement of student knowledge due to camp involvement. We conclude that this informal education platform is an effective way of teaching sustainability to upper elementary and middle school-aged students and therefore believe our assessment techniques to be valid.
Fast food consumption pattern and body weight status among students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

The study assessed fast food consumption pattern (FFCP) and body weight status among the undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, living in different halls of residence on the university campus during the Rain semester of 2011/2012 session. The study employed survey research design to give an insight into the pattern of fast food consumption and its consequent risk of obesity among undergraduates. The campus has thirteen faculties which have their pivots in science, technology, arts and social science, and nine undergraduate halls of residence. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 40 students from each hall of nine kinds. The sum total of respondents was 360.The specific objectives were to: investigate the body weight of undergraduates using Body Mass Index (BMI), determine the gender of undergraduates who indulge most in fast food consumption, and examine the influence of fast food consumption pattern on body weight of undergraduates in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. The study relied on primary data which was collected through personally administered questionnaires. The respondents’ weight and height were taken using a weighing scale and meter rule, respectively to determine the Body Mass Index (BMI) which was used to assess students’ body weight status among the respondents. Data collected were summarized and presented using means and percentages. The hypotheses were tested using t-test to determine the significant difference in the Fast Food Consumption Pattern (FFCP) between male and female undergraduates while correlation was employed to test the significant relationship between fast food consumption (FFC) and body weight status. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference (t = 7.14; df = 1; p<0.05) between the FFC of male and female undergraduates. The study further showed from the correlation coefficient analysis that there was a significant relationship between FFC and Obesity (r= 0.47, p<0.05). Based on the findings, the study recommended that the university commission should postulate a compulsory general elective course on physical health and nutrition education across board to give fitness to students and teach them nutrition information and knowledge. Key words: Overweight, Students, Obesity, Fast-food, Food consumption, Binge, BMI, University
A compressive survey on different image processing techniques to identify the brain tumor

Medical imaging technology has revolutionized health care over the past three decades allowing doctors to detect, cure and improve patient outcomes. Medicinal imaging makes picture of the internal organs, parts, tissues and bones for therapeutic examination and research pur-poses. It can likewise be utilized to think about elements of a few organs. X-ray and CT scanner are the two greatest after-effect of headway of imaging methods supplanting 2D procedures. X-ray is the standout amongst the most critical pre-processing ventures in tumor discovery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is really an imaging procedure in the restorative field. It is utilized as a part of radiology for imagining interior structures of the body and furthermore how they work. X-ray gives you the 3D picture of the inside bits of the body which enables the specialist to dissect the infection or tumor effortlessly though old imaging procedures like x-beam imaging gives you 2D pictures. In this paper we are introducing distinctive systems for distinguishing, preparing restorative pictures.
Merging the best of HTTP and P2P

The World Wide Web is growing fast. Web content is growing as well. To cope with this trend, server infrastructures must be able to serve a huge amount of traffic. When this cannot happen, service denial is the consequence. Small content publishers are the most affected by this phenomenon. At the same time, BitTorrent is leading the file sharing world, generating a big part of the network traffic. Therefore combining HTTP and BitTorrent is a candidate solution for dealing with phenomena like flashcrowds. But how to merge the HTTP and BitTorrent protocols? How to leverage the P2P network when the only input is the web content URL? This document proposes an approach to support HTTP with the BitTorrent protocol. The architecture of HTTP2P, a tool capable of hybrid download, is described in its details. It is shown that the main problem to face when creating such an hybrid is preventing content pollution attacks. The solution to this problem is the Pollution Prevention algorithm presented in this work. The experiment results show that the achieved performance when combining HTTP and BitTorrent is the best of both protocols: slow start-up delay, improved download speed and server load reduction.
Antimicrobial resistance and detection of mecA and blaZ genes in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis1

Soares L.C. , Pereira I.A. , Pribul B.R. , Oliva M.S., Coelho S.M. O. & Souza M.M.S. 2012. Antimicrobial resistance and detection of mec and blaZ genes in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(8):692-696. Departamento de Microbiologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil. E-mail: miliane@ufrrj.br The present study evaluated the phenoand genotypical antimicrobial resistance proile of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species isolated from dairy cows milk, specially concerning to oxacillin. Of 100 CNS isolates, the S. xylosus was the prevalent species, followed by S. cohnii, S. hominis, S. capitis and S. haemolyticus. Only 6% were phenotypically susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested in disk diffusion assay. Penicillin and ampicillin resistance rates were signi icantly higher than others antimicrobials. Four isolates were positive to mecA gene (4%), all represented by the S. xylosus species. The blaZ gene was detected in 16% of the isolates (16/100). It was noticed that all mecA + were also positive to this gene and the presence of both genes was correlated to phenotypic beta-lactamic resistance. We conclude that CNS species from bovine milk presented signi icantly distinct antimicrobial resistance pro iles, evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic tests, which has implications for treatment and management decisions.
A two‐dimensional nitrogen and carbon flux model in a coastal upwelling region

Coastal upwelling regions are associated with high primary production and disproportionately large fluxes of organic matter relative to the global ocean. However, coastal regions are usually homogenized in global ocean carbon models. We have developed a carbon and nitrogen flux model including all major processes both within and below the euphotic zone over seasonal to decadal timescales for coastal upwelling regions. These fluxes control surface pCO2. The model is applied to the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada (∼49°N, 126°W). Net annual air‐sea CO2 exchange and export flux of inorganic and organic carbon and nitrogen from the system to the rest of the ocean are estimated for different model scenarios. Model sensitivities are discussed. Results show strong biological drawdown of pCO2during summer and atmospheric CO2 invasion. However, this invasion is nearly balanced by gas evasion during winter. Therefore the region is a much smaller sink of atmospheric CO2 (6 g C m−2yr−1, or equivalently 200 kg C yr−1per m coastline) than the summer season predicts. More significantly, there is a large flux of inorganic carbon (3 × 104 kg C yr−1per m coastline) from intermediate depth ocean water to the surface ocean via the coastal system compared to a small export of organic carbon (all dissolved) (2 × 103 kg C yr−1 per m coastline) back into the lower layer of the open ocean. Thus we suggest that the dominant effect of coastal upwelling on the global ocean is providing a conduit for inorganic carbon to the surface ocean.
Reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments of the mariculture region of Sanggou Bay, China

Reduced inorganic sulfur (RIS) and organic matter (OM) in a mariculture region (Sanggou Bay, China; SGB) and at a reference station without mariculture were determined to assess the influence of mariculture on sulfide accumulation and the benthic environment. To this end, sediment acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), pyrite sulfur (pyrite-S), elemental sulfur (ES), OM, porosity, reactive iron, and pore water sulfate were measured. The results indicate that the con- centration of RIS was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen concentration. Principal com- ponent analysis showed that sulfide distribution was influenced by sediment porosity, OM, and reactive iron concentration. In addition, sulfide distribution was influenced by water current and water depth. More sulfide content accumulated at an oyster monoculture site than at a scallop/ kelp polyculture site and a kelp monoculture site. We found no significant difference in ES concentration among the 3 mariculture types. While no significant influence on benthic OM accu- mulation was observed, except slightly enhanced reactivity of the OM (making it easily decom- posable), mariculture activities in SGB significantly promoted sulfide accumulation compared to the reference station. However, there was no potential threat of toxic sulfide to the benthic bio- mass in SGB.
Elektrik Alan Lif Çekimi (Elektrospinning) ile Nano Liflerden İplik Üretim Yöntemleri

Elektrik alan ile lif cekimiyle nanometre olceginde incelige sahip elyaf uretimi, liflerin sagladigi ustun performans yaninda kullanilan yontemin basit olmasi ve esnek uretim sekli nedeniyle son yillarda yaygin bir uygulama haline gelmistir. Ancak mevcut uygulamalarda genel yaklasimin, liflerin dogrudan ag-doku olusturacak sekilde dokusuz bir yuzey halinde uretim olmasi, yuksek ozellikli soz konusu ozel liflerin kullanim alanini sinirlamaktadir. Oysa bu yontemle uretilen liflerin kesintisiz uzunlukta direkt iplik halinde egrilebilmesi saglandigi takdirde, bu liflerin dokuma veya orme yuzey haline donusturulmesi ve bu sayede urunlerin cok daha genis bir kullanim alanina kavusmasi mumkun olacaktir. Bu amac dogrultusunda sunulan calismayla, elektrik alan ile lif cekimiyle iplik uretimi konusunda henuz sinirli sayidaki mevcut ozgun yaklasim ve yontemler; (i) nanoliflerden paralel lif demetleri halinde iplik egirme yontemleri ve (ii) nanoliflerden bukumlu iplik egirme yontemleri olmak uzere iki temel gruba ayrilarak incelenmektedir. Calismada ortaya konan bulgular; uygun egirme yontemi, uygun hammadde ve uretim parametrelerinin secimi sonucu nanolifleri iceren ozel ipliklerin arzu edilen incelik, bukum veya fonksiyonel ozellige sahip olacak sekilde nihai amaca uygun sekilde tasarlanabilecegini ve egirilebilecegini gostermektedir.
Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis abundance on Kolguev Island - current status and history of population growth

Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis first colonised the Russian arctic island of Kolguev in the early 1980s, since when their numbers have steadily grown. Initial colonies were founded on fox-free coastal sand spits, but by the mid-1990s large colonies (> 5,000 breeding pairs) had become established in the Peschanka River delta, reaching 45,000 breeding pairs by the mid-2000s. Subsequently, numerous new smaller colonies (mean ± s.d. = 12 ± 6 nesting pairs, range = 1–54, n = 18 colonies) started to increase in numbers in the central part of the island, initially associated with c. 30% of all known Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus nests in the study area. The overall population size and number of inland colonies continued to grow, and by 2011–2012 all 24 known Peregrine Falcon nests had Barnacle Goose colonies (mean colony size = 54 ± 40 pairs, range = 1–133, n = 13 colonies). White-fronted Geese A nser albifrons and Tundra Bean Geese Anser fabalis rossicus formerly recorded nesting in dense colonies around Peregrine Falcon nests no longer did so, apparently having been expelled from core areas by the earlier nesting and more aggressive Barnacle Geese. The hatching success of Barnacle Geese nesting in the open sedge-moss bogs of central Kolguev (first occupied in 2011–2012) was no different to those associating with Peregrine Falcons (73% and 75% respectively). During brood rearing and moulting, Barnacle Geese share feeding habitats with other goose species. Should their numbers continue to grow on the island, further overgrazing of foraging habitats may increase competition between Barnacle Geese and White-fronted Geese for food, both in brood-rearing and in moulting habitats.
Effect of Flyash Addition on Mechanical and Gamma Radiation Shielding Properties of Concrete

Six concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of flyash replacing the cement content and having constant water to cement ratio. The testing specimens were casted and their mechanical parameters were tested experimentally in accordance with the Indian standards. Results of mechanical parameters show their improvement with age of the specimens and results of radiation parameters show no significant effect of flyash substitution on mass attenuation coefficient.
The Paleocene record of marine diatoms in deep-sea sediments

Abstract. Marine planktonic diatoms, as today's ocean main carbon and silicon exporters, are central to developing an understanding of the interplay between the evolution of marine life and climate change. The diatom fossil record extends as far as the Early Cretaceous, and the late Paleogene to Recent interval is relatively complete and well documented. Their early Paleogene record, when diatoms first expanded substantially in the marine plankton, is hampered by decreased preservation (notably an episode of intense chertification in the early Eocene) as well as by observation bias. In this article, we attempt to correct for the latter by collecting diatom data in various Paleocene samples from legacy Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program deep-sea sediment sections. The results show a different picture from what previous analyses concluded, in that the Paleocene deep-sea diatoms seem in fact to have been as diverse and abundant as in the later Eocene, while exhibiting very substantial survivorship of Cretaceous species up until the Eocene.
Impedance/pH-metry Findings in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux by Clinical Score

Background & Aim: Although micro-aspiration of gastric contents particularly acid reflux may be responsible for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), half of the patients fail to respond to antisecretory therapy. The aims of this prospective study were to elucidate correlation between clinical score; reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) and impedance/pH metry finding in LPR patients Methods: Sixty-three consecutive patients with signs and symptoms of chronic laryngitis and with clinical score (reflux symptom index (RSI) ≥ 13, or reflux finding score (RFS) ≥ 7) were enrolled. After 2-week cessation of acid-suppression medication, participants underwent monitoring of gastroesophageal reflux episodes using multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) 24-hour pH testing. Results: There were 63 patients (44 females and 19 males), aged 48.6 ± 11.4 years (range 18- 74 years). The mean reflux symptom index (RSI) scores was 18.65 ± 6.0, and the mean reflux finding score (RFS) was 8.69 ± 3.6. Sixteen of 63 patients (25.4%) had pathological acid reflux. Based on the MII-pH results, 6.3% of patients had acid reflux while 15.9% had weakly acid reflux. Most patients had pure abnormal gas reflux (39.7%), 15.9% had abnormal mixed reflux, 20.6% had abnormal mixed and gas reflux and 23.8% had no reflux. Comparing RSI and RFS score with any types of refluxate, there were no differences in both RSI and RFS score between any types of refluxate, (p = 0.196 and p = 0.658), respectively. The most common presenting symptom in acid reflux and weakly acid reflux patients was globus sensation (60%, 85% respectively). In gas reflux, however, heartburn was rare (15%). Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that retrograde flow of gastric contents may be a cause of chronic laryngitic symptoms in LPR patients. RSI and RFS clinical scores were not helpful to discriminate the different types of reflux. The symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation were more with acid or weakly acid reflux than gas reflux. MII-pH monitoring could be helpful in further refinement of LPR treatment.
THE EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY, COMPRESSOR OPERATION TIME AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ON FROST FORMATION IN AN INDUSTRIAL FRIDGE

Fridges are used in various industries, and heat exchanger is one of the main components of these systems; therefore, efficiency analysis of these systems is very important. In many fridges, frost over the heat exchanger tubes or pipes affects the system operation and reduces heat transfer between the refrigerant and ambient, so defrosting systems are usually used to enhance heat transfer. Designing defrosting systems requires sufficient information about frost formation processes. Therefore, the objective of this study is experimental investigation of frost formation over a heat exchanger pipe in a pilot fridge. To do this, some steps are considered. For distinct cases, experiments are done to collect database for frost parameters under desired conditions. Then, based on experimental measurements some correlations are proposed for practical applications of frost growth and defrosting process over heat exchanger tubes.