Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative reconstruction for general linear imaging polarimetry without polarimetric calibration

Usually, the practical analysis states of an imaging polarimeter need to be calibrated, with a set of standard polarization states, for the accurate reconstruction of Stokes parameters. However, it is challenging to get the standard elements for the polarimetric calibration. In this Letter, an iterative reconstruction method is presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, to recover the polarization parameters from the data acquired by linear Stokes polarimeters without polarimetric calibrations. Inspired from phase-shifting interferometry, the method employs two least squares iterative procedures and requires no extra element for assistance. Experimental results show that the iterative method is more robust to noise perturbation and gets higher precision compared with the calibration method with reference polarization states.
Cardiovascular Outcomes of Diet Counseling

Context: The leading cause of death in the U.S. is heart disease with obesity as the major correlate and, some believe, Cause: Obesity is caused by eating behaviors. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force notes the need for, yet absence of, randomized controlled trials of behavior modification interventions for cardiovascular disease endpoints. Objectives: To modify habitual dietary behaviors with counseling, to assess retention of the resulting habits, and to compare cardiovascular effects of such modifications under diets differing in fat content. Design: One-year randomized controlled trial of three diet behavior interventions for cardiovascular and behavioral end-points with intermediate surrogate end-points enabling intent-to-treat analysis. Setting: Prairie States private cardiology practice. Participants: One hundred and twenty referrals screened for: cardiovascular co-morbidity, heart medication, and informed agreement. Intervention: One hour of diet protocol initial individual instruction and one half-hour of individual self-efficacy counseling every six weeks thereafter for one year. Main outcome measures: The primary cardiovascular measure was SPECT device measured physiologic coronary blood flow. Retention of modified habits was assessed with four-month post-study measurement of changes in Respiratory Quotient as a menu selection index and in Body Mass Index as a portion control index. Surrogate endpoints were weight, BMI, lipids and other standard blood chemistry indices. Results: Participant attrition, zero. Changes in coronary blood flow were correlated with diet protocol, R (95%CI)=0.48 to 0.69, p=2.4 x 10 -12 . Ischemia improved significantly under a lowered fat protocol and worsened significantly under lowered carbohydrate conditions. Surrogate endpoints, weight and blood chemistry, showed similar correlations, p<10-11. Four months post-study, lowered fat dieters had retained their intervention modified behaviors while lowered carbohydrate and vegan dieters had changed, R (95%CI)=0.53 to 0.74, p=2.5 x 10 -14 for portion control and R (95%CI)=0.76 to 0.88, p<2.2 x 10 -16 for menu selection.
Climate Change: A Paradigm Shift for Investments?

Continuing with work of Rathee and Kapil (2013) on assessing the paradigm shift for investments due to climate change, this paper presents a review of the climate economics to add to the precious work on climate science. In its various sections the paper presents the economic treatment of climate problem as a market-failure from the perspectives of externalities and cost benefit analysis and reveals the dimensions of marginal abatement costs, and inter-generational equity. An assessment of likely total economic costs incurred due to climate change is presented to understand the scale of asset-value loss and economic risks faced by investors. We thereupon also investigate the various economic instruments that have been proposed by economists and implemented in policy for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change activity. In the penultimate section, a discussion is presented on challenges and opportunities for private investors in light of the climate economics revealed earlier in the paper. This research will add further to the work presented earlier in the series and adds another perspective of interdisciplinary dimension to the benefit of climate and economic researchers. For further action, the future researcher can build on this collective work to investigate for evidence on investable financial instruments that provide opportunities to allocate capital in the climate adaptation and mitigation related sectors.
Downside Uncertainty Shocks in the Oil and Gold Markets

Abstract We construct downside variance risk premiums from the crude oil and gold option data and use them as proxies for market downside uncertainty risks. We find that these downside variance risk premiums contain commodity market-specific pricing information. Furthermore, the gold market's exposure to downside uncertainty shocks is cross-sectionally priced in the stock market while its crude oil market counterpart is not. This implies that the downside uncertainty for the gold market may be a key state variable representing investment opportunity sets under the Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model (ICAPM).
New staging system for cutaneous melanoma

Cancer (AJCC) formalnie zatwierdzi3 ostateczn1 wersjê uaktualnionej klasyfikacji klinicznej i patologicznej czerniaka z3oœliwego skóry [1]. Oficjalnie bêdzie ona obowi1zywaæ z chwil1 publikacji 6. wydania Podrêcznika Klasyfikacji Nowotworów (Cancer Staging Manual) w roku 2002. Podstaw1 do opracowania klasyfikacji by3y rekomendacje Komitetu Klasyfikacji Czerniaka (Melanoma Staging Coommittee) AJCC opublikowane w roku 2000 [2], wzbogacone komentarzami i dodatkowymi rekomendacjami onkologów oraz analiz1 17 600 chorych, przeprowadzon1 w 13 oœrodkach w USA w celu weryfikacji oryginalnej wersji [3]. Klasyfikacja zosta3a równie¿ zaaprobowana przez Komitet TNM UICC, WHO-Melanoma Program oraz EORTC Melanoma Group [4]. W tab. 1. (a-c) przedstawiono kategorie TNM, a w tab. 2. stopnie kliniczne i patologiczne czerniaka z3oœliwego skóry [1]. W tab. 3. podsumowano prze¿ycia chorych w zale¿noœci od kategorii TNM i stopnia zaawansowania choroby [1, 2]. W tab. 4. natomiast zestawiono ró¿nice miêdzy poprzedni1 (1997) i now1 (2002) klasyfikacj1 czerniaka [1].
Primary Lymphomas of the Thyroid: Diagnostic Modalities and Challenges

Abstract Primary lymphomas of the thyroid (PTLs) are rare entities but pose important diagnostic challenges for the pathologist. Because PTLs tend to develop in patients with a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), they are frequently misdiagnosed as the more benign and histologically variable HT. Clinical history is by far the most important factor to consider when evaluating a thyroid with a robust lymphocytic infiltrate. Even with a history of HT, in the setting of significant change in clinical status, the pathologist must utilize ancillary testing, including immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, to thoroughly evaluate for PTLs. Because the principal method of thyroid nodule evaluation is fine-needle aspiration, it may be necessary to obtain additional tissue before a definitive diagnosis can be reached. This is particularly true in cases of marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), which represent the second most common type of PTLs. While the more common diffuse large B-cell lymphoma often has readily apparent atypia and thus is more easily diagnosed in the absence of ancillary testing, MALT lymphomas are on a histologic continuum with HT. Therefore, this entity is most often missed on fine-needle aspiration specimens and biopsies, particularly if additional testing is not used. In this review, we discuss 1 case of MALT lymphoma and 1 of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma so that the clinical differences between these 2 entities may be appreciated. In addition, the various diagnostic modalities and the inherent challenges to diagnosing PTLs are reviewed.
Channel-Dependent Scheduling in Wireless Energy Transfer for Mobile Devices

Resonant Beam Charging (RBC) is a long-range, high-power, mobile, and safe Wireless Energy Transfer (WET) technology, which can provide wireless power for mobile devices like Wi-Fi communications. Due to the wireless energy transmission decay in RBC systems, the charging power received per device relies on the distance-dependent energy transmission channel. To extend battery life of all devices, this paper develops a Channel-Dependent Charge (CDC) scheduling algorithm to control receivers’ charging power, order and duration. Each receiver is assigned a dynamic scheduling coefficient, which is the product of the battery's remaining energy and the energy transmission channel. The resultant optimal charging order is to charge the receiver with the minimum scheduling coefficient first per equal unit-length time slot. It is shown analytically and experimentally that the CDC algorithm achieves higher charging performance than other scheduling algorithms including the Round-Robin Charge (RRC) scheduling algorithms. In a word, the CDC scheduling algorithm offers a viable approach to extending mobile devices’ battery life while accounting for varying RBC transmission channels.
Miniaturisation of branch line couplers with a compact transmission line topology based on coupled line section

This study presents a compact transmission line topology to reduce the circuit size of single- and two-section branch line couplers (BLCs). The proposed transmission line is composed of a high impedance series line and one coupled line section. The coupled line section consists of two high impedance series lines and one coupled line. The proposed line is analysed with even–odd mode analysis to derive closed-form design equations. To validate the equations, a compact single- and two-section BLCs are designed at 0.85 GHz based on the proposed line. The physical size occupied by the proposed single- and two-section BLCs is 23 and 19.5%, respectively, compared to conventional BLCs. Moreover, the proposed transmission line demonstrates the harmonic suppression characteristic due to the coupled line section. As a result of which, the second- and third-order harmonic of the proposed BLCs are suppressed. The proposed BLCs are designed, fabricated, and tested.
Glutathione S-transferase P1 I105V (GSTP1 I105V) polymorphism is associated with early onset of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity

3509 Background: Sensory neurotoxicity (sNT) is the dose-limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin, the integral component of the FOLFOX regimen which has emerged as standard therapy in colorectal cancer. Variations in genes potentially involved in the detoxification (glutathione system: GSTP1, GSTM1) or the cytotoxic mechanism (nucleotide excision repair: ERCC2, XRCC1) of oxaliplatin could serve as genetic predictors of susceptibility to oxaliplatin’s neurotoxic effects. Methods: Germline DNA was extracted from whole blood of 299 patients (pts) who received FOLFOX4 on Intergroup study N9741. Four genetic variants (GSTP1 I105V, GSTM1 del, ERCC2 K751Q, XRCC1 R399Q) were tested for association with the time to development of grade 2/3 sNT and sNT as reason for treatment discontinuation. In addition, pts who developed grade 2 (3) neurotoxicity before a cumulative oxaliplatin dose of 600 (800) mg/m2 was reached were compared to an equal number of pts that tolerated extremely high cumulative doses of oxaliplatin. Resul.
WORLD KIDNEY DAY.2014: KIDNEY DISEASE AND ELDERLY

It is believed that there is an increasing rate of chronic kidney disease to end-stage kidney failure. Nowadays, there is an international awareness on the importance of chronic kidney disease as well as declining the frequency and impact of renal disease and its associated health problems worldwide (1). Each year, there is a ceremony on the second Thursday of March in many countries around the world (1). While, the term of acute kidney injury (AKI) was suggested to reflect the wide spectrum of classic acute kidney failure, however, AKI …
Evaluation of lung function among the Indian elite female weightlifters

Background: Spirometry is an essential tool to evaluate lung function of health and disease. Adaptability of lung and chest among athletes can be assessed by lung function test (LFT). The quest of our study was to evaluate the lung function (LF) of highly trained Indian female weighting athletes, and intended to appraise the adaptation of LF among trained elite athletes. Methods: Top ranked Indian female professional weightlifters (study group, n=6) were recruited for this study. Three out of the six weightlifters were from top ten world ranking of 6 th , 7 th and 9 th . Age matched controls (control group, n=6) were selected for this study. Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%) have been evaluated as per the ATS/ERS guidelines. Results: Statistically higher significant values of VC and FVC were noted in study group, where as other values (MVV, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC%) found no significant difference between two groups. Conclusions: Power, strength and explosiveness of the skeletal muscles are vital domains in weightlifting sport. Weightlifting is such a sport doesn’t require much ventilatory efforts during training as well as competition. This study clueing that physiological adaptation/ improvement of the pulmonary function (PF) depends on the type of the sport being engaged by the athletes.
Obesity, infl ammation, and the gut microbiota

As the prevalence of obesity and associated disease continues to rise and concerns for the spiralling economic and social costs also escalate, innovative management strategies beyond primary prevention and traditional lifestyle interventions are urgently needed. The biological basis of disease is one avenue for further exploration in this context. Several key infl ammatory markers have been consistently associated with both obesity and risk of adverse outcomes in obesity-associated diseases, which suggests that a persistent, low-grade, infl ammatory response is a potentially modifi able risk factor. In this Review, we provide evidence supporting perturbation of the intestinal microbiota and changes in intestinal permeability as potential triggers of infl ammation in obesity. Further characterisation of the mechanisms underpinning the triggers of such infl ammatory responses in overweight and obese individuals could off er unique opportunities for intervention strategies to help ameliorate the risk of obesity-associated disease.
Lifestyle Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Lifestyle-related risk factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is evident from increasing incidence of various secondary complications in diabetics. Some of these risk factors like dietary choices, smoking, alcohol consumption, being overweight, and sedentary lifestyle are modifiable. Studies have shown that these factors, if effectively controlled, can lead to reduction in the risk of developing further complications. Thus, the aim of the present review is to highlight the lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes.
Portrait of leptospirosis in the State of Acre, Brazil

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an acute bacterial disease, that has global distribution and manifests itself in subclinical or asymptomatic way, having mild or severe conditions that can lead to the death of the patient. Objective: To identify, among the municipalities of the state of Acre, Brazil, those with the highest incidence of leptospirosis between 2010 and 2015, and in addition, to determine the prevalence of this disease between the sexes. Methods: Descriptive study, of documentary character, with epidemiological base and quantitative approach. It was made by available documents through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System of Brazil (DATASUS) and also by the Health Secretary of State of Acre (SESACRE). Variables were selected as sex, age and year of notification. Regarding the analysis, it is emphasized that it was quantitative and descriptive and the results were presented in tables built in Microsoft Word. Results: It was found that the capital of the state of Acre, Rio Branco, led every year, contributing to the higher proportion of notifications related to leptospirosis. Regarding gender, there was a predilection for males and among age groups, the period of 20 to 39 years contributes to the greater number of cases of the disease. Conclusion: Leptospirosis is a worldwide public health problem and in the state of Acre, the high rainfall, the agglomeration of low income combined with inadequate sanitation, collaborate to infestation of transmitters animals, providing high rates of the disease. Thus, it appears that these high numbers can probably be attributed to the ineffectiveness of preventive activities, as well as insufficient investment directed to social policies and infrastructure sectors. Keywords: Infectious Disease. Leptospirosis. Prevalence. Incidence.
Factoring ANY Second Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equation

Any Second Order Linear Ordinary Differential Equation may be factored via two linear differential operators. The initial theorem demonstrates that for homogeneous 2nd order LODEs. Theorems that follow improve by supplying the solution of such factorization, extending the theorem to inhomogeneous LODEs, and further providing a generalization which includes the constant coefficients and Cauchy-Euler LODEs; culminating in a single-parameter LODE solution formula with suggested usage examples.
Automatic classification of constitutive and non-constitutive metabolites with gcProfileMakeR

Data analysis in non-targeted metabolomics is extremely time consuming. Genetic factors and environmental cues affect the composition and quantity of present metabolites i.e. the constitutive and non-constitutive metabolites. We developed gcProfileMakeR, an R package that uses standard output files from GC-MS for automatic data analysis using CAS numbers. gcProfileMakeR produces three outputs: a core or constitutive metabolome, a second list of compounds with high quality matches that is non-constitutive and a third set of compounds with low quality matching to MS libraries. As a proof of concept, we defined the floral scent emission of Antirrhinum majus using wild type plants, the floral identity mutants deficiens and compacta as well as RNAi lines of AmLHY. Loss of petal identity was accompanied by appearance of aldehydes typical of green leaf volatile profiles. Decreased levels of AmLHY caused a major increase in volatile complexity, and activated the synthesis of benzyl acetate, absent in WT. Furthermore, some volatiles emitted in a gated fashion in WT such as methyl 3,5-dimethoxybezoate or linalool became constitutive. Using sixteen volatiles of the constitutive profile, all genotypes were classified by Machine Learning with 0% error. gcProfileMakeR may thus help define core and pan-metabolomes. It enhances the quality of data reported in metabolomic profiles as text outputs rely on CAS numbers. This is especially important for FAIR data implementation. One sentence summary gcProfileMakeR allows the automatic annotation of the core metabolome and non-constitutive metabolites, increasing speed and accuracy of non-targeted metabolomics.
The method to annotate buildings with images from CCTV cameras with an intersecting field of view

Video surveillance and tracking systems help to increase the safety of human activity in a given area and improve detecting the geo-location of an observer (a swarm of drones, autopilot) in modern cities. This article proposes the method for determining the full or partial address (annotation) of buildings by using images from several CCTV cameras with an intersecting field of view. As input parameters, the method takes several images from surveillance cameras, their geographical coordinates and directions of the optical axes and the vector map of the area where the cameras are located. The outputs are annotations of buildings for the initial images. The proposed method allows solving the problem of georeferencing the video analytics system and improving the work of the surveillance and object tracking systems. The resulting annotations of buildings provide an opportunity to determine more accurately the situations with overlapping of the tracked objects with buildings and predict the probable paths of the objects. A lost object on one camera can be found by using annotations from other cameras, which field of view is not overlapped by this building. Besides, the proposed ap0070roach is sustainable to full or partial overlapping of buildings and allows solving to solve the problem in the absence of a detailed height map of the terrain and buildings. Also, the article researches the restrictions of the method. It is necessary to find an angle between two cameras, at which the best result can be achieved. That is, the method should return the correct addresses of all buildings visible in the image.
Statins Lower Risk of First Cardiovascular Event in Patients with High C-Reactive Protein and Normal LDL Cholesterol RidkerPM,DanielsonE,FonsecaFAH,etal.Rosuvastatintopreventvasculareventsinmenandwomenwithelevated C-reactiveprotein.NEnglJMed2008;359:2195-207.

Setting and participants. 17,802 men (aged ≥ 50 years) and women (aged ≥ 60 years) from 1315 sites in 26 countries with LDL cholesterol < 130 mg/dL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level ≥ 2.0 mg/L, and triglycerides < 500 mg/dL were randomized to either rosuvastatin 20 mg daily or placebo. Patients were excluded if they were currently or had previously been on lipid-lowering therapy or were actively being treated with hormone replacement therapy; had evidence of hepatic dysfunction, a creatine kinase level ≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal, serum creatinine level ≥ 2.0 mg/dL; a recent history of alcohol or drug abuse, cancer within 5 years, diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension or hypothyroidism, or an inflammatory disorder such as severe arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or lupus; or were on immunosuppressant therapy. Patients were included in the final sample if they had 80% compliance during a 4-week placebo run-in period. At enrollment, the median LDL level was 108 mg/dL in both arms, and hs-CRP levels were 4.2 and 4.3 mg/L in the rosuvastatin and placebo arms, respectively.
Unions and Democracy

Unions are recognized for building a strong middle class. But the importance of unions to maintaining a strong democracy is less understood. This article explores the connection between the decline of unions and the rise of the right; provides examples of the effect of union member engagement in political engagement; and makes the case that changes in policy and new organizing can restore the crucial role of unions in civic life.