Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Carbon Dioxide to Freshwater Fishes: Implications for Aquatic Invasive Species Management

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a new aquatic pesticide to control invasive Asian carps and other aquatic nuisance species in the United States. However, limited CO2 toxicity data could make it challenging for resource managers to characterize the potential risk to nontarget species during CO2 applications. The present study quantified the toxicity of CO2 to 2 native riverine fishes, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), using 12‐h continuous flow‐through CO2 exposure at 5, 15, and 25 °C water temperatures. Resulting survival indicated that bluegill (median lethal concentration [LC50] range 91–140 mg/L CO2) were more sensitive to CO2 than fathead minnow (LC50 range 235–306 mg/L CO2) across all water temperatures. Bluegill were also more sensitive to CO2 at 5 °C (LC50 91 mg/L CO2, 95% CI 85–96 mg/L CO2) than at 25 °C (LC50 140 mg/L CO2, 95% CI 135–146 mg/L CO2). Fathead minnow showed an opposite response and were less sensitive at 5 °C (LC50 306 mg/L CO2, 95% CI 286–327 mg/L CO2) relative to 25 °C (LC50 235 mg/L CO2, 95% CI 224–246 mg/L CO2). Our results show that CO2 toxicity can differ by species and water temperature. Data from the present study may inform decisions related to the use of CO2 as a control tool. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2247–2255. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Quantitative Proteome Analysis of Clinical Gastric Adenocarcinoma Using ~(18)O Stable Isotope Labeling and LCM

A high accuracy method for quantitative expression proteomics was developed for the identification of putative markers in gastric adenocarcinoma.Firstly, gastric adenocarcinoma and nonmalignant epithelial cells were obtained through laser capture microdissection(LCM), which were proteolysis and then prefractionated by 1D SDS-PAGE.The post-digestion 18O/16O labeling method followed by Nano-HPLC-MS/MS were conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins between gastric adenocaicinoma and nonmalignant gastric mucosa.A total of 78 differential proteins were identified, among these proteins, 42 proteins are over-expressed in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and 36 proteins are down-expressed.Some of these differentially expressed proteins(moesin, periostin, annexin A2, annexin A4) were further confirmed by Western blot analysis.The quantitative proteomic protocol of 18O stable isotope labeling coupled with LCM was an effectively alternate technique for complicated proteins such as gastric cancer.
Vasomotor effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, angiotensin II, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and bradykinin on the cerebral artery of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

From an evolutionary aspect, dolphins share a very close phylogenetic relationship with pigs. Previously, we characterized porcine cerebral artery responsiveness to intrinsic vasoactive substances. Therefore, here, we investigated dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) cerebral artery responsiveness to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), histamine (His), angiotensin (Ang) II, acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA), and bradykinin (BK) to characterize their related receptor subtypes. We also compared dolphin cerebral artery responsiveness with porcine cerebral artery responsiveness. We found that 5-HT and His induced concentration-dependent contraction of the dolphin cerebral artery. Ketanserin (a 5-HT2 antagonist) and methiothepin (a 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 antagonist) shifted the concentration-response curve for 5-HT to the right. Although diphenhydramine (an H1 antagonist) shifted the concentration-response curve for His to the right, cimetidine (an H2 antagonist) had no such effect. Ang II and ACh did not produce any vasomotor actions. NA induced concentration-dependent relaxation. Propranolol (a β antagonist) shifted the concentration-response curve for NA to the right, whereas phentolamine (an α antagonist) had no significant effect. BK induced relaxation followed by contraction in pre-contracted arteries with intact endothelium. HOE140 (a B2 antagonist) shifted the concentration-response curve for BK to the right, whereas des-Arg9-[Leu8]-BK (a B1 antagonist) had no significant effect. These results suggest that 5-HT1, 5-HT2, and H1 receptor subtypes are important in arterial contraction and that β and B2 receptor subtypes modify these contractions to relaxations. The responsiveness of the dolphin cerebral artery is very similar to that of porcine cerebral artery, supporting their evolutionary linkage.
Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 activation is involved in melanocortin-induced BDNF expression in Neuro2a neuronal cells

Melanocortins are neuropeptides exerting versatile functions in the nervous system. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is primarily expressed in the brain and is thought to be a major mediator for melanocortin. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a crucial downstream molecule of MC4R activation, to yield neurite outgrowth, neuroregenerative, anorexigenic and other actions. In this study, we stimulated Neuro2a murine neuronal cells with an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analog, [Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). In Neuro2a cells, NDP-MSH promoted neurite outgrowth. Upon NDP-MSH administration, BDNF expression was greatly enhanced. Furthermore, this effect was effectively reversed by the MC4R antagonist, JKC-363. We found that NDP-MSH treatment activated the ERK cascade and its downstream kinase MSK1 (mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1). Antagonism of the MSK1 cascade by a specific inhibitor or overexpression of a defective MSK1 mutant interrupted the phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), blocking BDNF upregulation. In addition, MSK1 activation triggered an epigenetic alteration in histone H3 (Ser10), facilitating the expression of the BDNF gene. Taken together, our results showed that MSK1 kinase positively activates MC4R-induced BDNF expression via modulating the phosphorylation of CREB and histone H3 in Neuro2a neuronal cells.
Foreign assistance or attack? Impact of the expanded Global Gag Rule on sexual and reproductive health and rights in Kenya

Abstract In 2017, the Trump Administration reinstated and expanded the Global Gag Rule (GGR). This policy requires non-governmental organisations (NGOs) not based in the US to certify that they will not provide, counsel, refer, or advocate for abortion as a method of family planning in order to receive most categories of US global health assistance. Robust empirical evidence demonstrating the policy’s impacts is acutely lacking. This paper describes the effects of the expanded GGR policy in Kenya eighteen months after its reinstatement. We conducted semi-structured interviews with purposively selected representatives of US- and non-US-based NGOs, as well as managers and health providers at public and private health facilities, between September 2018 and March 2019. Organisations reported critical funding loss as they were forced to choose between US government-funded projects and projects supporting safe abortion. This resulted in the fragmentation of sexual and reproductive health and HIV services, and closure of some service delivery programmes. At public and private health facilities, participants reported staffing shortages and increased stock-outs of family planning and safe abortion commodities. The expanded GGR’s effects transcended abortion care by also disrupting collaboration and health promotion activities, strengthening opposition to sexual and reproductive health and rights in some segments of Kenyan civil society and government. Our findings indicate that the GGR exposes and exacerbates the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of the Kenyan health system, and illuminates the need for action to mitigate these harms.
Decreased Bone Type I Collagen in the Early Stages of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Abstract Smoking is the main risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is known to have deleterious effects on bone metabolism. However, the effects on bone collagen matrix during the development of COPD are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal effect of cigarette smoke exposure on bone type I collagen during COPD development in a cigarette smoke-induced model. C57BL/6 mice were allocated to three groups: control (C), animals exposed to filtered air for 1, 3 and 6 months; cigarette smoke (S), animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 1, 3 and 6 months; provisional smoking (PS), animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 months, followed by another 3 months of filtered air exposure. Evaluation of the respiratory mechanics and alveolar enlargement were performed. Femoral and tibial extraction was also performed to evaluate the type I collagen by immunofluorescence and COL1A1 gene expression. Exposure to cigarette smoke led to an alveolar enlargement and progressive reduction in lung tissue resistance and elastance, progressive reduction of type I collagen and reduction in COL1A1 gene expression. Although we did not observe any improvement in the functional and histological parameters in the provisional smoking group, we detected an increase in COL1A1 gene expression. A worsening in bone collagen matrix is part of the initial physiopathological events during COPD development and the smoking cessation induced an evident recovery of COL1A1 expression, possibly to attempt at tissue repair.
Exploring the formation of treatment program director perceptions on entry-level social workers’ substance use treatment capacities in New York

Background This article examines how program directors of substance use treatment providers in New York state form their perceptions on the overall substance use treatment service delivery capacities of newly graduated, entry-level social workers. Methods The study discussed consisted of a cross-sectional, quantitative survey of treatment program directors in New York state (n = 245). Program directors were asked to rate entry-level social workers’ treatment skills, knowledge of treatment concepts, and overall preparedness to deliver treatment services in the field upon first entering the professional workforce. The collected data were then analyzed using multiple regression analyses to identify associations between the skill and knowledge items and perceptions of overall preparedness. Results The results of the study showed that five of the ten skill and knowledge competency items were significantly linked with program directors’ perceptions of entry-level social workers’ overall preparedness to deliver treatment services, with the model accounting for 62% of the variance in the dependent variable. Of the independent variables with significant associations, the assessment competency item accounted for 50% of the variance, while the other four variables explained 1.2–6.4% of the variance respectively. Conclusions The findings of the study suggest that training curriculums should strongly emphasize assessment competencies for new practitioners, and that implementing a standardized training curriculum is beneficial for the professional growth and preparedness of practitioners entering into the treatment field.
Stimulating effects on alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells by TNF-α and LPS

Alveolar typeⅡ epithelial A549 is ideal cells for studying acute lung injury in vitro,however,there are still more debates about modeling factors.The present study was performed to evaluate the stimulating effects of TNF-α and lipopolysacchride(LPS) on A549 cells and the possible mechanisms.A549 cells were exposured to LPS(10 and 100 ng/ml,respectively) for 2,4,8 and 16 h.At same time,10 ng/ml of TNF-α was used to stimulate A549 cells for 2 h.Then Western blotting were performed to investigate the phosphorylation levels of IκB-α and NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm.The transcription levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in nuclei were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR.The concentrations of L-1β and IL-6 in culture supernatant were detected by ELISA.We found that a large number of A549 cells were death when exposure to TNF-α,however,LPS had no significant effect on the growth of the A549 cells.Immunoblotting analysis revealed that exposure to TNF-α significantly increased phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm(P 0.05),however,treatment of A549 cells with LPS did not increased the phosphorylation of IκB-a and NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm(P 0.05). The transcription intensity of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6,as well as the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 in A549 cells were significantly increased by TNF-α stimulating(P 0.05),however,there had no significant effect on synthesis and secretion of above-mentioned inflammatory cytokines when exposure to LPS(P 0.05). In conclusion,A549 cells can generate excessive inflammatory response when exposure to TNF-α,while LPS did not,so we can considered TNF-α,instead of LPS,to stimulate A549 cells when study acute lung injury.
Stress-induced expression pattern of glutamate signaling genes associated with anhedonia

Abstract Chronic stress can predispose vulnerable individuals to mood disorders, including depression. Glutamate, one of the key participants in this process, may exert both pathological and therapeutic psycho-emotional effects. However, the role of expression of genes encoding proteins that provide glutamatergic signal is still unclear. In this study, we attempted to distinguish changes in expression of glutamatergic genes associated with stress-induced anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, from those related to other stress-related effects. For this, expression of genes was compared between rats after a short-term stress, which did not yet cause depressive-like symptoms, and animals exposed chronically to different stressors that produce anhedonia-like responses. The changes in gene expression induced by chronic restraint or forced swimming concomitantly with anhedonia development demonstrated similar for both stressors patterns. Main features of the expression patterns include the decrease in mRNA levels for AMPA and NMDA subunits in the midbrain and hippocampus that is consistent with the hypothesis that “monoamine (serotonin)-Glutamate/GABA long neural circuit” involved in mood regulation. The decrease in expression of these subunits in the midbrain may attenuate glutamatergic drive on the serotonergic neurons promoting a shift of excitation/inhibition balance between glutamate and GABA in the forebrain regions resulting in anhedonia. In general, changes in expression of multiple genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the forebrain and brainstem regions suggest that stress-induced anhedonia may result from the network dysfunction of this neurotransmitter system.
Ovarian cysts, an anovulatory condition in dairy cattle

Ovarian cysts are one of the most common ovarian dysfunctions in dairy cattle, which can lead to a considerable economic loss through its high incidence and can reduce the reproductive performance. Anestrus is the most significant clinical sign observed in dairy cattle suffering from this condition. For diagnosis, most of the veterinarians use a combination of methods, from ultrasonography as an additional approach to trans-rectal palpation and symptomatology when assessing ovarian cysts. Although the Ovsynch treatment seems to be preferred, the pregnancy rate after this treatment is relatively low. Despite such reports on dairy cattle ovarian cysts, the data is insufficient to validate all the characteristics of this condition. This review summarizes what the literature has so far provided from definition to treatment of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle.
Ambulatory blood pressure variability and combined exercise training: comparison between hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women

Aim The aim of the study was to verify the effects of moderate combined aerobic and resistance exercises training in ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM) and its variability in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women. Methods Twenty-six participants were divided into two groups: hypertensive (HT = 13) and normotensive (NT = 13). They performed 30 sessions of combined exercises (aerobic and resistance exercises at same session) over 10 weeks. We evaluated: resting BP and 24-h ABPM with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and heart rate (HR). To evaluate blood pressure variability (BPV), the following were considered: 24-h SD (SD24), the mean diurnal and nocturnal deviations (SDdn), average real variability (ARV24). Results The two-way analysis of variance showed no difference in ABPM nor BPV responses after training between groups. Both HT and NT groups had similar BP reductions in 24-h DBP (P < 0.01; ΔNT = –3.1 ± 1.1, ΔHT = –1.8 ± 1.2 mmHg), 24-h area under the curve of DBP (P = 0.01; ΔNT = –73±105, ΔHT = –44 ± 115 mmHg), and wake DBP (P < 0.01; ΔNT = –3.4 ± 1.2, ΔHT = –1.8 ± 1.3 mmHg), without differences in BPV responses. Moreover, HT women had higher overall SBP SDdn (P = 0.01), SBP ARV (P = 0.02), and MBP ARV (P < 0.01) than NT women. Conclusion Ten-week combined exercise training resulted in similar BP reductions in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women, but not in BPV responses.
Stages of Lyme Arthritis

Background/Historical Perspective Lyme arthritis was described in 1977, after an apparent outbreak of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Lyme, Connecticut. The evolution of the disease has been meticulously described with presentation dependent on disease duration and previous therapy. Summary Integrating Published Literature Erythema migrans is typically the first manifestation. Untreated patients often develop early disseminated disease, characterized by migratory polyarthralgia, potentially with cardiac and/or neurologic sequelae. If untreated, most patients develop late Lyme arthritis, characterized as a monoarthritis or oligoarthritis, typically involving the knees. Serologies are strongly positive at this stage; if positive, Lyme PCR from synovial fluid confirms the diagnosis. Doxycycline is recommended for late Lyme arthritis, although amoxicillin or ceftriaxone may be considered. Initial antibiotic therapy for late Lyme arthritis is insufficient for a subset of patients. However, serologies and synovial fluid PCR are not useful at determining whether infection persists after oral therapy. As such, ceftriaxone is recommended in patients with inadequate response to doxycycline or amoxicillin. Approximately 10% of patients have persistent arthritis despite antimicrobial therapy, termed postinfectious Lyme arthritis, which is thought to be related to prolonged inflammation and unique microbial and host interaction. Therapy at this stage relies on immunosuppression and/or synovectomy. Major Conclusions and Future Research Lyme arthritis provides unique insights into the complex interplay between microbes and host immunity. The progression from localized erythema migrans to early disseminated disease and late Lyme arthritis allows insight into arthritis initiation, and the study of postinfectious Lyme arthritis allows further insight into mechanisms of arthritis persistence.
Effect of Red Light on Cell Growth and Production of Secondary Metabolism in Monascus M10

Light as one of the important environmental factors is significant to the growth and the physiological reactivity of many organisms including filamentous fungi.This paper indicates that the red light has an apparent effect on the morphology of Monascus M10 cultured on plates;Besides in liquid fermentation environment,red light stimulates the growth of cell and makes Monascus M10 enter into the period of pigment synthesis ahead of that in the darkness culture condition.Meanwhile,no obvious biomass difference is observed between the culture conditions with or without red light.In conclusion,red light can increase the production of pigment and decrease the production of citrinin of Monascus M10.
Recommendation for Key Management, Part 1: General (Revision 3)

This Recommendation provides cryptographic key management guidance. It consists of three parts. Part 1 provides general guidance and best practices for the management of cryptographic keying material. Part 2 provides guidance on policy and security planning requirements for U.S. government agencies. Finally, Part 3 provides guidance when using the cryptographic features of current systems.
Imprints of glacial refugia in the modern genetic diversity of Pinus sylvestris

Aim To understand the impact of glacial refugia and migration pathways on the modern genetic diversity of Pinus sylvestris. Location The study was carried out throughout Europe. Methods An extended set of data of pollen and macrofossil remains was used to locate the glacial refugia and reconstruct the migrating routes of P. sylvestris throughout Europe. A vegetation model was used to simulate the extent of the potential refugia during the last glacial period. At the same time a genetic survey was carried out on this species. Results The simulated distribution of P. sylvestris during the last glacial period is coherent with the observed fossil data, which showed a patchy distribution of the refugia between c. 40° N and 50° N. Several migrational fronts were detected within the Iberian and the Italian peninsulas, and outside the Hungarian plain and around the Alps. The modern mitochondrial DNA depicted three different haplotypes for P. sylvestris. Two distinct haplotypes were restricted to northern Spain and Italy, and the third haplotype dominated most of the present-day remaining distribution range of P. sylvestris in Europe. Main conclusions During the last glacial period P. sylvestris was constrained under severe climatic conditions to survive in scattered and restricted refugial areas. Combining palaeoenvironmental data, vegetation modelling and the genetic data, we have shown that the long-term isolation in the glacial refugia and the migrational process during the Holocene have played a major role in shaping the modern genetic diversity of P. sylvestris in Europe.
Decay rates and decoherence of an interstitial two-level spin impurity in a ferromagnetic lattice

The decay rate of an interstitial two-level spin impurity, located in the center of a unit cell of a anisotropic ferromagnetic lattice, and coupled to nearest neighbor spins through Heisenberg $XY$ interaction is derived. By mapping the lattice spin operators using the Holstein-Primakoff transformation, we establish the similarity with the Fano-Anderson model at low temperatures, and we calculate the retarded Green's function in one and two dimensions analytically for arbitrary coupling strength. It is shown that the reduced density matrix of the impurity satisfies an exact master equation in Lindblad form, from which the decay rate and the Lamb shift are deduced. The evolution in time of the latter together with the excited state occupation probability is investigated and its dependence on the applied magnetic field is discussed. It is found that there exists a critical resonance-like value of the magnetic field around which the behavior of the decay rate and the density matrix changes drastically. The Markovian decay law, as given by the Fermi golden rule, does not hold in the weak-coupling regime unless the magnetic field is weak, typically less than the critical value. The weak-coupling regime is further treated perturbatively up to second order and compared with the exact solution. We also discuss the consequences on the Quantum Zeno effect.