Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance Training to Momentary Muscular Failure Improves Cardiovascular Fitness in Humans: A Review of Acute Physiological Responses and Chronic Physiological Adaptations

Research demonstrates resistance training produces significant improvement in cardiovascular fitness (VO2 max, economy of movement). To date no review article has considered the underlying physiological mechanisms that might support such improvements. This article is a comprehensive, systematic narrative review of the literature surrounding the area of resistance training, cardiovascular fitness and the acute responses and chronic adaptations it produces. The primary concern with existing research is the lack of clarity and inappropriate quantification of resistance training intensity. Thus, an important consideration of this review is the effect of intensity. The acute metabolic and molecular responses to resistance training to momentary muscular failure do not differ from that of traditional endurance training. Myocardial function appears to be maintained, perhaps enhanced, in acute response to high intensity resistance training, and contraction intensity appears to mediate the acute vascular response to resistance training. The results of chronic physiological adaptations demonstrate that resistance training to momentary muscular failure produces a number of physiological adaptations, which may facilitate the observed improvements in cardiovascular fitness. The adaptations may include an increase in mitochondrial enzymes, mitochondrial proliferation, phenotypic conversion from type IIx towards type IIa muscle fibers, and vascular remodeling (including capillarization). Resistance training to momentary muscular failure causes sufficient acute stimuli to produce chronic physiological adaptations that enhance cardiovascular fitness. This review appears to be the first to present this conclusion and, therefore, it may help stimulate a changing paradigm addressing the misnomer of ‘cardiovascular’ exercise as being determined by modality.
Rôles des gènes PPARβ/δ, Wt1, Cyp51 et Dnmt2 dans l'angiogenèse et la fonction cardiaque chez la souris adulte saine et dans un modèle d'infarctus du myocarde

La coronaropathie est une cause majeure de mortalite, motivant la recherche de strategies limitant le remodelage cardiaque ou stimulant la neovascularisation apres un infarctus du myocarde (IDM). Ce travail vise a etudier chez la souris adulte le role, sur la fonction cardiaque, de genes regulant l'angiogenese et le metabolisme cellulaire en modulant leur expression endotheliale en conditions basales ou en post-IDM (apres ligature coronaire) : PPARβ/δ, Wt1, Cyp51 et Dnmt2. Les parametres echocardiographiques ont ete mesures pre et post-IDM, des analyses histochimiques realisees, et l’expression de genes cibles comparee selon le genotype. La surexpression de PPARβ/δ stimule l'angiogenese basale, causant une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche (VG). En post-IDM, elle induit un remodelage VG pathologique et majore la taille de l'IDM, posant la question des interactions entre endothelium et cardiomyocytes. En post-IDM, l'invalidation de Wt1 limite l'angiogenese coronaire, majore le remodelage VG et la taille de l'IDM. A l'etat basal, l'invalidation de Cyp51 est a l'origine d'une insuffisance cardiaque dilatee, via une permeabilite vasculaire accrue et une activation endotheliale. La modification de la composition membranaire en sterols peut expliquer la dysfonction de l'endothelium, modifiant ses interactions avec les cardiomyocytes. Ainsi, Cyp51 possede un role essentiel dans la structure et la fonction cardiaque, ouvrant le champ de son etude en post-IDM. Enfin, l'expression de Dnmt2 est indispensable pour limiter l'hypertrophie cardiaque, via le controle de l'activite de l'ARN polymerase II par la methylation de l’ARN non codant Rn7sk.
Etude des structures électromagnétiques présentant des directions d'invariance géométrique : application à la machine asynchrone à encoches inclinées

Les modeles numeriques, bases sur le calcul local des champs electromagnetiques et utilisant la methode des elements finis, deviennent incontournables dans l'etude des systemes electrotechniques. En toute rigueur, la discretisation spatiale devrait etre tridimensionnelle. Cependant, les moyens necessaires a la mise en uvre et les couts d'utilisation des modeles 3d sont encore prohibitifs. De plus, nombreuses sont les structures qui presentent des proprietes geometriques d'invariance. L'emploi de methodes simplifiees est alors possible. Dans un premier temps, differents modeles dedies aux dispositifs particuliers sont passes en revue. Les hypotheses permettant de reduire l'approche 3d sont presentees dans le cas 2d plan, axisymetrique et axiperiodique. Quelques techniques d'homogeneisation sont egalement abordees. L'etude analytique, en 3d puis a l'aide d'une reconstitution, d'un probleme simple possedant une invariance helicoidale conclut cette partie. Le developpement d'une formulation 3d, utilisant le potentiel vecteur magnetique et scalaire electrique avec des elements nodaux, est alors decrit. Des cas tests classiques permettent la validation de cet outil. Les hypotheses d'invariance, basees sur l'orientation geometrique du potentiel vecteur magnetique, sont egalement implantees. Differents niveaux de simplification sont testes dans le cas d'un dispositif infini presentant deux directions d'invariance. L'etude d'une machine asynchrone a encoches inclinees constitue l'application de cette demarche. La complexite d'un moteur necessite le developpement de modules supplementaires. Le traitement des non-linearites magnetiques des materiaux, le couplage des equations magnetique et electrique, la prise en compte de la rotation et le calcul du couple electromagnetique sont donc presentes. Des calculs preliminaires sont, de plus, necessaires pour choisir le niveau d'hypotheses a utiliser. Enfin, nos resultats sont compares avec l'experience.
Musculoskeletal complaints among physiotherapy and occupational therapy rehabilitation professionals in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND Physiotherapy and occupational therapy professionals are at high risk of developing occupational musculoskeletal injuries globally. Musculoskeletal pain is the most common problem. OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of discomfort that physiotherapy and occupational therapy health professionals report while working at a physical rehabilitation centre. PARTICIPANTS Physiotherapy and occupational therapy professionals which include both graduate and diploma physiotherapists and occupational therapists as well as physiotherapy and occupational therapy assistants. METHODS A self administered questionnaire (survey) was conducted on a convenient sample of 101 physiotherapy and occupational therapy personnel. RESULTS The mean age of the 101 participants was 27.8 (± 4.5) years and most of the participants (62%) had less than 5 years of work experience. Ninety-five percent of the participants complained of work related pain. Most of the participants reported pain in the lower back (n=84) followed by upper back (n=71) and neck (n=66). Significant associations were found for pain in ankles/feet with age (p=0.05) and pain in neck with gender (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Physiotherapy and occupational therapy professionals suffer from pain in relation to the work they do as therapists which may be due to non-practice of appropriate body mechanics. Mechanism to assess level of practice during dealing with patients may be introduced to enable corrective measures. Incentives should be considered for appropriate practice.
A homolog of mammalian, voltage-gated calcium channels mediates yeast pheromone-stimulated Ca2+ uptake and exacerbates the cdc1(Ts) growth defect

Previous studies attributed the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cdc1(Ts) growth defect to loss of an Mn2+-dependent function. In this report we show that cdc1(Ts) temperature-sensitive growth is also associated with an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. We identified two recessive suppressors of the cdc1(Ts) temperature-sensitive growth which block Ca2+ uptake and accumulation, suggesting that cytosolic Ca2+ exacerbates or is responsible for the cdc1(Ts) growth defect. One of the cdc1(Ts) suppressors is identical to a gene, MID1, recently implicated in mating pheromone-stimulated Ca2+ uptake. The gene (CCH1) corresponding to the second suppressor encodes a protein that bears significant sequence similarity to the pore-forming subunit (alpha1) of plasma membrane, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels from higher eukaryotes. Strains lacking Mid1 or Cch1 protein exhibit a defect in pheromone-induced Ca2+ uptake and consequently lose viability upon mating arrest. The mid1delta and cch1delta mutants also display reduced tolerance to monovalent cations such as Li+, suggesting a role for Ca2+ uptake in the calcineurin-dependent ion stress response. Finally, mid1delta cch1delta double mutants are, by both physiological and genetic criteria, identical to single mutants. These and other results suggest Mid1 and Cch1 are components of a yeast Ca2+ channel that may mediate Ca2+ uptake in response to mating pheromone, salt stress, and Mn2+ depletion.
Effects of pentasaccharide (fondaparinux) and direct thrombin inhibitors on coagulation testing.

CONTEXT Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and fondaparinux represent a new class of anticoagulants. The effects of DTIs on activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time measurements have been reported previously, but there are limited data on the impact of these anticoagulants on other coagulation tests. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of fondaparinux and 3 DTIs (argatroban, bivalirudin, and lepirudin) on miscellaneous coagulation tests. DESIGN Bivalirudin, lepirudin, argatroban, and fondaparinux were added to pooled normal plasma and tested for fibrinogen, antithrombin (thrombin and Xa substrate methods), plasminogen, protein C (clot and chromogenic methods), protein S, von Willebrand factor, D-dimer, lupus anticoagulant testing (dilute Russell viper venom test [DRVVT] with ratio), and factors II, IX, and X activities. RESULTS We found no drug interference on antithrombin, plasminogen, chromogenic protein C, von Willebrand factor, or D-dimer results. All DTIs falsely decreased fibrinogen values, while falsely increasing protein C and protein S levels. All DTIs prolonged the DRVVT, and only argatroban yielded DRVVT ratios less than 1.2. Lepirudin demonstrated no effect on factor II activity, and only argatroban demonstrated decreased factor X activity. All DTI samples demonstrated a linear, dose-dependent, false decrease of factor IX activity. CONCLUSIONS Using in vitro methods, we demonstrated DTI effects on numerous clot-based assays, but we found no interference with latex agglutination, chromogenic, or platelet aggregation methods. Fondaparinux only affected measurement of protein S activity. Caution must be used when interpreting coagulation test results on patients receiving these drugs.
Probabilistic Routing Protocol for Intermittently Connected Networks

This document is a product of the Delay Tolerant Networking Research Group and has been reviewed by that group. No objections to its publication as an RFC were raised. This document defines PRoPHET, a Probabilistic Routing Protocol using History of Encounters and Transitivity. PRoPHET is a variant of the epidemic routing protocol for intermittently connected networks that operates by pruning the epidemic distribution tree to minimize resource usage while still attempting to achieve the best-case routing capabilities of epidemic routing. It is intended for use in sparse mesh networks where there is no guarantee that a fully connected path between the source and destination exists at any time, rendering traditional routing protocols unable to deliver messages between hosts. These networks are examples of networks where there is a disparity between the latency requirements of applications and the capabilities of the underlying network (networks often referred to as delay and disruption tolerant). The document presents an architectural overview followed by the protocol specification.
Current Concepts Preservation of Fertility in Patients with Cancer

From the Department of Surgery ( J.S.J.), the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.K.W.), and the Institute for Women’s Health Research (T.K.W.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University ( J.S.J., T.K.W.) — both in Chicago. Address reprint requests to Dr. Woodruff at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Superior St., Suite 4-115, Chicago, IL 60611, or at tkw@northwestern.edu.
Developmental expression of nitric oxide synthase isoform I and III in chick retina

During our studies on the multiple possible functions of nitric oxide (NO) in chick retinal development and physiology, we have demonstrated the presence and the activity of NO synthase (NOS‐I and III) in certain neuronal populations (photoreceptors, amacrine cells in the inner nuclear and ganglion cells) and also in synaptic‐rich regions in the developing chick retina. Both enzymes, detected by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐diaphorase, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, appeared between embryonic days 6 and 12, and followed a spatial and temporal pattern of expression which correlated with the differentiation of the neuronal layers. Evaluation of the conversion of [3H]‐labeled arginine to [3H]‐citrulline, confirmed the presence of a calcium‐dependent NOS activity in the cytosolic and particulate retinal extracts during the development. This pattern of NOS expression suggests that the regulated release of NO during key phases of development might be one mechanism involved in the regulation of retinal differentiation. J. Neurosci. Res. 50:104–113, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computation of SAR in Human Eye and Pregnant Woman Using Different Simulation Tools

Electromagnetic modeling of large scale problems arising from complex geometries, such as the human body or the specific organ, is generally undertaken by numerical methods implemented in simulation software packages. The structures involving high discretization density (mainly based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and handled by Finite Difference Time Domain method) consume tremendously high computational cost. On the other hand, oversimplified numerical models may result in significantly less accuracy. The aim of this work was to investigate how detailed numerical model could be created using standard personal computer. Two rather complex cases of exposure were analyzed: human eye and pregnant woman exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. The SAR distribution, peak localized 10g-averaged SAR and volume-averaged SAR in these models were determined using two software packages based on different numerical methods: FEKO software based on Finite Element Method and SEMCAD X software based on Finite Difference Time Domain method. The obtained results were compared to the results arising from other scientific studies which included the models of different complexity solved by different numerical methods.
Cervical primary afferent input to vestibulospinal neurons projecting to the cervical dorsal horn: An anterograde and retrograde tracing study in the cat

Vestibulospinal neurons in the caudal half of the medial and descending vestibular nuclei terminate in the cervical spinal cord, not only in the ventral horn and intermediate zone but also in the dorsal horn. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the areas containing these vestibulospinal neurons are reached by cervical primary afferents. In one group of experiments, wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase conjugate and horseradish peroxidase were pressure injected into spinal ganglia C2‐C8 and revealed anterogradely labeled fibers and boutons in the caudal part (caudal to the dorsal cochlear nucleus) of the ipsilateral medial and descending vestibular nuclei. This projection was verified in experiments in which wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase conjugate was microiontophoretically injected into the caudal half of either the medial or the descending vestibular nuclei and revealed retrogradely labeled cells only in ipsilateral spina ganglia C2‐C7, with a maximum of cells in C3. In another group of experiments, after microiontophoretic injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin or Biocytin into either the medial or the descending vestibular nuclei, anterogradely labeled fibers and boutons were present in the cervical spinal cord, mainly bilaterally in the dorsal horn (laminae I–VI) but also, to a lesser extent, in the ventral horn and intermediate zone. The existence of a loop that relays cervical primary afferent information to vestibulospinal neurons projecting to the cervical spinal cord, in particular the dorsal horn, may have implications for vestibular control over local information processing in the cervical dorsal horn. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interrater Reliability Testing of the Maternal Fetal Triage Index.

OBJECTIVE To conduct interrater reliability testing of the Maternal Fetal Triage Index (MFTI), a standardized tool for obstetric triage. DESIGN Observational study of a convenience sample of nurses' triage assessments of hospital-based obstetric patients. SETTING A birth unit of a suburban hospital located in a large metropolitan region with approximately 5,200 births annually. PARTICIPANTS Ten registered nurses provided triage assessments of 211 pregnant women. METHODS Using blinded paired triage assessments, we assessed the reproducibility of the triage priority levels assigned using the MFTI. RESULTS Priority levels assigned by the MFTI research nurse and the study nurses were in agreement for 154 of the 211 (72.9%) triage assessments. The strength of agreement was classified as good based upon the weighted kappa score of 0.65. There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of assigning priority levels between the day and night shifts CONCLUSION The interrater reliability of the MFTI met the minimum strength of agreement threshold goal of 0.60 when used by nurses in a large birth unit to assign priority for evaluation. Based on this finding, the MFTI can be recommended for use in obstetric triage settings. Additional testing should be done to measure how this standardized tool improves care processes and outcomes.
HIV Seroreversion Time in HIV-1-Uninfected Children Born to HIV-1-Infected Mothers in Malawi

Objective: To study temporal changes in HIV-1 seroreversion (change in reactivity of HIV serology from positive to negative) in uninfected infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 3 cohort studies conducted in Malawi among infants born 1989 through 1991 (International Collaborative AIDS Research [ICAR]), 1993 through 1996 (HIV Network for Prevention Trials [HIVNET]), and 2000 through 2003 (nevirapine/zidovudine [NVAZ]). The proportion of children HIV seroreverting at ages 15, 18, and 21 months and the relative odds for seroreversion comparing infants born before 1997 to those born after 1999 were calculated. Results: Included in this analysis were 635 infants from ICAR, 459 from HIVNET, and 1020 from NVAZ. During the study, there was a consistent trend of decrease in proportion of children seroreverting over time: highest during 1989 through 1991, intermediate during 1993 through 1996, and lowest during 2000 through 2003. Additionally, there was a strong association between seroreversion and year of birth (before 1997 vs. after 1999): adjusted relative odds 5.1 at 15 months, 8.2 at 18 months, and 11.2 at 21 months. Conclusions: Age of seroreversion in HIV-1-exposed uninfected infants increased over time. Persistence of maternal HIV-1 antibodies could have implications on timing of infant HIV-1 diagnosis using serological diagnostic methods.
Effects of pH on Metals Precipitation and Sorption: Field Bioremediation and Geochemical Modeling Approaches

At the Sanders Lead car‐battery recycling plant, near Troy, AL, groundwater is highly acidic (pH varies from 3 to 3.5) and carries high concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Fe. Pilot field experiments conducted at the site show that in situ metabolism of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) can produce desired geochemical effects to remove heavy metal Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu from groundwater. A reaction path model of sulfate reduction shows the redox potential (Eh) effects on mineral precipitation and pH controls on the sorption of different metals. Lead strongly adsorbs to hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) present in the aquifer over a wide pH range. Both sorption (due to pH increase) and solid sulfide formation are important for removing Pb. Although theoretical modeling shows that the sorption of most cations is promoted as pH increases, HFO can only scavenge Zn, Cd, Co, and Ni at relatively neutral pH conditions. Thus concentrations of our primary contaminants Zn and Cd attenuate in acidic conditions primarily via precipitation or coprecipitation of solid sulfide phase as Eh drops. The modeling result explains why the Pb plume is retarded in migration with respect to the Cd plume under the low‐pH conditions at the site. For As, arsenate sorbs strongly onto the protonated weak sites of ferric hydroxide for the pH range of calculation. Arsenite sorption is also favored by increasing pH, however, arsenite desorbs and becomes mobilized at very low oxidation state as it reacts with dissolved sulfide to form AsS complexes. In addition, intermittent rainfall events could cause short‐term Eh increases, potentially leading to oxidation of sulfide solids and subsequent pH decrease, and the remobilization of metals. This study argues for the importance of accounting for pH changes when evaluating the fate, transport, and long‐term stability of metals at shallow contaminated sites.
Effects of epidermal growth factor on sperm content and motility of rats with surgically induced varicoceles.

AIM To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the sperm content and motility of the varicocelized rats. METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Experimental varicocele was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein in the varicocele, the varicocele repair, the varicocele with EGF and the varicocele repair with EGF groups, whereas the control group only received a sham induction of varicocele. Surgical repair of varicocele was performed 4 months later in the varicocele repair and varicocele repair with EGF groups. EGF administration was performed daily by s.c. injection in the varicocele with EGF and varicocele repair with EGF groups at the dose of 10 microg/(kg.day) from the next day of the second surgery. One month later, all animals were killed and bilateral cauda epididymal sperm counts and motility were evaluated. RESULTS The mean sperm count and percentage of motile spermatozoa were significantly higher bilaterally in the varicocele with EGF group than in the varicocele group (P < 0.05). They were also significantly higher bilaterally in the varicocele repair with EGF group than in the varicocele repair and the varicocele with EGF groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION EGF can improve bilateral epididymal sperm content and motility of the rat with surgically induced varicocele. The administration of EGF in combination with surgical repair is more effective than surgical repair or EGF administration alone. EGF might be useful for the treatment of infertility induced by varicocele.