FUZZY LOGIC BASED CCWM APPROACH IN WSN

Wireless sensor networks which consist of group of sensor nodes which deploy in different classes of applications for accurate monitoring. Presently, the wireless sensor network is facing four major issues namely power management, routing, localization and deployment techniques. Out of these in power management, energy conservation is the major constraint due to irreplaceable and limited power sources of the sensor nodes. Therefore, the most important goal of the wireless sensor network routing protocol implementation is balancing network energy consumption and increasing the entire network lifetime. In this work, we proposed a novel algorithm for fuzzy logic based cluster head formation and compared this approach with well known algorithm i.e. CCWM is a weight based clustering protocol, used for selection of appropriate cluster heads in the network and formation of balanced clusters. But it has some problems like the cluster construction and energy management. So, in new approach we used the concept of Fuzzy Logic and compared this algorithm with old approach in terms of Dead nodes, alive nodes, residual energy, throughput and packet delivery to Base Station and results proved that the obtained results clearly show that Fuzzy Logic based algorithm outperforms CCWM for all evaluated scenarios. The results of the proposed approach are compared through simulation with CCWM (cluster chain weigh metric) approach. The proposed approach depicts approximate 40% 45% improvement than current approach. Keywords— Routing Protocol, Fuzzy Logics, CCWM, BS, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) INTRODUCTION A Wireless sensor network is a very large array of diverse sensor nodes that are interconnected by a communication network. These sensor nodes consist of sensing unit, processing unit, a trans receiver unit with an internal antenna and a power unit. These sensor nodes sense the physical quantity being measured and convert it into an electrical signal. Then, the signal is fed to the analog to digital convertor and is ready to used by the processor and after that processor convert the signal into data depending upon which how it is programmed and it sends the information to the network by using a transceiver Thus, this collection of sensor nodes can be referred to as a wireless sensor network (WSN) [1] [2]. International Interdisciplinary Conference on Science Technology Engineering Management Pharmacy and Humanities Held on 22nd – 23rd April 2017, in Singapore ISBN: 9780998900001 96 Fig. 1 Block Diagram of WSN The basic goals of a WSN are: 1) To determine the values of physical variables at a given location like temperature of storage room. 2) To detect the occurrence of events like how many time temperature drops below 30 degree. 3) To estimate parameters of the detected event or events what‘s the current temperature 4) To classify a detected object 5) To track an object. Sensor nodes are used in a wide variety of applications which requires constant surveillance of particular events. Smart sensor nodes can be built into daily use appliances such as ovens, microwaves, refrigerators which enable them to interact with each and be remote controlled. This type of WSN application proved us a smart environment in which adapt according to the user preferences. Military applications include 24 hours‘ surveillance, guidance system for missiles and provide security assistance from mass destruction. A patient can be monitored remotely by a doctor using WSN. This is more convenient for the patient; it allows the doctor to have better understanding about the patient‘s current condition. Sensor networks can also be used for detecting foreign chemical agents in the air and the water. They help in identifying the type of object, concentration and location of pollutants. The wireless sensor networks will provide the end user with intelligence and a better understanding of the environment [1]. In many scenarios, nodes will have to rely on a limited supply of energy (using batteries). replacing such batteries will lead to time waste and cost also have major factor in that and recharging of the batteries are also not so good process for the network. The time duration of the energy constraint sensor is determined by how fast the sensor consumes energy in the network. Hence, the lifetime of a WSN becomes a vital figure of merit. On the same way, an energy-efficient way of operation of the WSN is necessary Routing techniques in WSNs have to deal with different challenges and design issues. Despite advancement in field of information technology, limited battery power, bandwidth limitation, inadequate processing power and limited memory are some restrictions faced by networks having wireless sensors. Due to these reasons, routing protocols should be highly adaptive and more aware about resources. This paper aims to provide effective protocol to minimize the energy consumption in the network and increase the network stability. It proposes a novel algorithm for 2 tier cluster head formation based on soft and hard thresholding. RELATED WORK Wireless Sensor networks have arisen as an effective solution for a wide range of applications. Wireless sensor network consists of large number of nodes positioned randomly or deterministically in the area of interest to sense the event. Various clustering algorithm have been proposed in the literature to increase the lifetime of the WSN. Some of them have been examined and presented here: O. Younis and S. Fahmy proposed Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering Protocol (HEED) [3][4] protocol in 2004. It extends the basic scheme of Sensing Module Actuator Central Unit (Memory Processor) Communica tion Module