Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate change news reporting in Pakistan: a qualitative analysis of environmental journalists and the barriers they face

Climate change is a global risk as its causes and effects are not limited to national borders, but the risks and the responsibility are not evenly spread [Beck, 2009]. Pakistan is facing especially severe impacts in the form of disasters, floods, droughts, rising temperatures, cyclones and rising sea levels due to global emissions, despite its national emissions being nominal and accounting for only 0.46% of worldwide emissions [World Bank, 2018]. Ironically, the level of public awareness of climate change is low in Pakistan compared to not only advanced countries, but also to other countries in the South Asian region [Zaheer and Colom, 2013]. A contributing factor behind this is the communication gap between the media and the broader public. This study aims to explore the factors responsible for the limited coverage of climate change in the news media, leading to confusion, uncertainty, denial and low levels of climate change awareness in Pakistan. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with media professionals and the findings show that political, economic, social, cultural, technological and scientific factors influence the news coverage of climate change issues. Abstract
ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A DUPLICATION BASED SCHEDULING APPROACH: A CASE STUDY

Inefficient utilization of a homogenous cluster has a huge impact on the amount of CO2 emitted. Duplication based scheduling approaches have only focused on minimizing the schedule length, completely ignoring the additional energy consumed by each processor due to task duplication, and the energy dissipated by the processor interconnects. Our former algorithm, Recursive Critical Path Approach (RCPA ), efficiently strikes a balance among schedule length, the inter-processor communications, and the processor loads. In this paper, we evaluate the energy consumption for static schedules generated when using the RCPA algorithm and compare it with the energy consumed by the LG algorithm. A well-known energy consumption model, and four different cluster interconnection technologies are used in this study. Extensive simulations using random Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) show that the CPU energy consumption when using the RCPA is 20% less than the energy consumed when using the LG approach. Moreover, the total energy dissipated by the network interconnects when using the RCPA algorithm is 17% less than the energy dissipated using theLG algorithm for communication-intensive parallel applications. Also, the schedules generated for the parallel Gaussian elimination, and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) task graphs have shown a reduction in energy consumption of 28% and 18%, respectively, when using the RCPA algorithm.
Identifying Knowledge Structure of Patent and Innovation Research

The global intellectual property system is currently being revolutionized by changes in innovation and the quantitative expansion in patenting. There is an expectation of applying the results of academic patents studies to the reformation of the intellectual property system. On the other hand, the rapid quantitative expansion in academic knowledge is posing difficulties for the application of conventional techniques to extract required knowledge or apply a suitable synthesis. This article has the purpose of effective implementation of large volumes of knowledge for policy formation and examines the methodology for identifying academic growth fronts, important research domains or comprehension of the academic landscape. We conducted a panoramic analysis of intellectual property rights (IPR) researches in the work published from 1956 through citation network analysis. As a result, 3,833 academic papers were extracted as the largest connected component of the network of IPR. We specified five main clusters and twenty-five sub-clusters in the network. Through a time series analysis, we identified young or recently growing research fields. Our findings prove that the citation network analysis allows us to accurately and comprehensively detect papers discussing important issues in the area of intellectual property rights and innovation.
Industrial Sustainability and the Circular Economy as Counterparts to the Self-referral Mechanics of Natural Law: Part I—A Theoretical Foundation

In Maharishi Vedic Science, the self-referral mechanics of Natural Law are considered fundamental to any complete understanding of nature’s functioning, since Natural Law is understood to be the unmanifest (i.e., non-physical) home of all the laws of nature and the unbounded source of order and intelligence responsible for creating and guiding the physical universe. This proposition is recognizable in modern scientific theories of the ‘unified field’. Moreover, the circular structure and self-referral loops of Natural Law are said to underlie and guide every level of a manifest hierarchy. Among the hallmarks of industrial sustainability are its emphasis on harnessing renewable energy and recycling principles, both designed to limit the impact of polluting activities on the environment and to improve commercial performance. To circumvent the so-called ‘take, make, dispose’ linear economic mentality of the past, contemporary industry has also begun embracing models of circular economy, in which materials and energy are circulated and cascaded through the economic system, with waste either minimized, reused or eliminated altogether. The self-referential nature of recycling and the cascading circularity of circular economies thus bear a prima facie similarity to how Natural Law is structured and functions in continuous self-referral loops. For that reason, in this Part I of a two-part series of research papers, we explore the fundamental nature of industrial sustainability and circular economy, showing them to be counterparts to the self-referral feedback mechanism of Natural Law as described in Maharishi Vedic Science.
Immune response of broilers fed conventional and alternative diets containing multi-enzyme complex

The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of adding a commercial multi-enzyme complex to conventional and alternative broiler diets on the immune response and occurrence of lesions in the intestinal mucosa. In total, 900 male broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design, with six treatments of six replicates each. Two control diets were formulated: one with conventional feedstuffs (T1), based on corn and soybean meal, and one with alternative feedstuffs (T4), containing corn, millet, and soybean, canola and sunflower meals. Based on these diets, other four were prepared with reduced metabolizable energy, digestible amino acids, calcium and available phosphorus levels and the addition (T3 and T6) or not (T2 and T5) of a multi-enzyme complex. Broilers fed diets based on conventional feedstuffs had higher levels of defense cells compared with those fed diets that included millet with canola and sunflower meals. On the other hand, the use of enzymes in conventional or alternative diets decreased the number of these cells in the ileal mucosa.
The Sledge on the Slope or: Energy in the Economy, and the Paradox of Theory and Policy

Energy conversion in the production of goods and services, and the resulting emissions associated with entropy production, have not yet been taken into account by the mainstream theory of economic growth. Novel econometric analyses, however, have revealed energy as a production factor whose output elasticity, which measures its productive power, is much higher than its share in total factor cost. This, although being at variance with the notion of orthodox economics, is supported by the standard maximization of profit or time-integrated utility, if one takes technological constraints on capital, labor, and energy into account. The present paper offers an explanation of these findings in the picture of a sledge, which represents the economy, on the slope of a niveous mountain, which represents cost. Historical economic trajectories indicate that the representative entrepreneur at the controls of the sledge steers his vehicle with due regard of the barriers from the technological constraints, observing “soft” constraints, like the legal framework of the market, in addition. We believe that this perspective contributes to resolving the paradox that energy hardly matters in mainstream growth theory, whereas it is an issue of growing importance in international policy.
The role of reassortment in the evolution of seasonal influenza

Reassortment, which is the exchange of genome sequence between viruses co-infecting a host cell, plays an important role in the evolution of segmented viruses, such as influenza. The large-scale genome reshuffling promotes diversity in the viral population and can lead to the emergence of pandemic strains. In the human influenza virus, reassortment happens most frequently between co-existing variants within the same lineage. This process breaks genetic linkage and fitness correlations between viral genome segments, but the resulting net effect on viral fitness has remained unclear. In this thesis, we first determine rate and average selective effect of reassortment processes in the human influenza lineage A/H3N2. For the surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, reassortant variants with a mean distance of at least 3 nucleotides to their parent strains get established at a rate of about 10^(-2) in units of the neutral point mutation rate. Our inference is based on a new method to map reassortment events from joint genealogies of multiple genome segments, which is tested by extensive simulations. We show that intra-lineage reassortment processes are, on average, under substantial negative selection that increases in strength with increasing sequence distance between the parent strains. The deleterious effects of reassortment manifest themselves in two ways: there are fewer reassortment events than expected from a null model of neutral reassortment, and reassortant strains have fewer descendants than their non-reassortant counterparts. Our results suggest that influenza evolves under ubiquitous epistasis across proteins, which produces fitness barriers against reassortment even between co-circulating strains within one lineage. Second, we study the dynamics of reassortment occurring within a recent influenza clade which is likely to dominate the next epidemics. In order to handle the large amount of data collected in the last seasons, we develop a new heuristic detection method based on neuraminidase alignments and haemagglutinin phylogenies; this novel approach is faster than the joint-segment tree based algorithm and can be applied to much larger trees. We find an increase in the frequency of reassorment events, which lead to the coexistence in the viral population of three new neuraminidase clades, in addition to the ancestral variant. These imported neuraminidase segments differ from the non-reassorted version by aminoacid changes at epistatic sites. The results reported in this work are a step forward towards predicting the evolution of influenza based on the entire genome. The consequent improvement of accuracy in anticipating future evolution is the key for designing more effective vaccines.
Measuring Returns to Education: The Case of Latvia

This paper aims to measure returns to education in Latvia and place them in context of data available in other countries. The goals of this paper are to review the literature on returns to education, highlighting the measurement challenges, and, based on the 2011 labour market survey data, estimate private returns to education in Latvia overall as well as by individual characteristics. The main findings are that returns to education in Latvia are close to the European Union average, but lower than in some emerging markets e.g. Lithuania, and that there are statistically significant differences in returns to education depending on a person’s gender, ethnicity, field of employment and location.
Detection of reflections in free-field directional hearing by waveform analysis of accurate dummy-head HRTFs

The human spatial hearing and localisation investigations often need non-reverberant environment. In these so called "free-field" situations we try to avoid reflections, e.g. by making the recordings in the anechoic room. An analysis in the time-domain based on the impulse response has only low SNR, but measurements of transfer functions using a noise excitation have increased accuracy and SNR. This paper shows a simple method using waveform analysis in the frequency domain to find the location and effects of reflecting surfaces, and an example of using the difference of head-related transfer functions in spatial hearing applications.
Experimental-analytical method of technological processes modeling in education

The article considers general modeling techniques used in the study in education at different stages. The classification of different types of models and main stages of the simulation are considered. It is shown that in the course “Process of simulation” for technical areas of the Universities required the category of “Experimental-analytical simulation method”. For example, a new textbook for bachelors “Modeling of chemical-technological processes” shows that the section facilitates the compilation of process models in general; gives the possibility of studying the process at different levels; describes the nonlinear properties of the simulation objects, and to obtain refined adjustment of the model according to the experiment. The use of models of high accuracy can improve the quality of education.
Modeling USD/KES Exchange Rate Volatility using GARCH Models

In this paper the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models are applied in modeling exchange rate volatility of the USD/KES exchange rate using daily observations over the period starting 3 rd January 2003 to 31 st December 2015. The paper applies both symmetric and asymmetric models that capture most of the stylized facts about exchange rate returns such as volatility clustering and leverage effect. The performance of the symmetric GARCH (1, 1) and GARCH-M models as well as the asymmetric EGARCH (1, 1), GJR-GARCH (1, 1) and APARCH (1, 1) models with different residual distributions are applied to data. The most adequate models for estimating volatility of the exchange rates are the asymmetric APARCH model, GJR-GARCH model and EGARCH model with Student’s t-distribution.
Facebook connection styles among PhysicaL Education teacher candidates

The purpose of this study is to determine the Facebook connection styles of physical education (PE) teacher candidates. The participants were composed of 626 (age = 21.21± 2.024) physical education teacher candidates from the departments of Physical Education and Sports. They teach in five different universities. It was done in 2014-2015 academic year. Research data were collected using Facebook Connection Styles Scale (FCSS). The mean scores obtained from the subscales and the total scale indicated that PE teacher candidates achieved the highest mean score on the subscale of “initiating”. It was also discovered that Facebook connection styles of PE teacher candidates differed in terms of gender, frequency of connection, the number of people in the friend list and whether the people in the friend list exist in the social circle. Key words: Physical education, Facebook, social network, Facebook connection styles.
1 A Penalty Function Approach to Max 3SAT Problems

We consider a penalty function approach for the solving of the Max 3-SAT problem. The algorithm introduced is a multi-start approach that makes use of elite-solution techniques derived from scatter search. More precisely, it is based on the so-called adaptive memory projection metaphor. The main focus of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of this projection idea in the context of the binary Max 3-SAT. We review the literature in that field, explain the metaheuristic proposed and present results on the basis of a DIMACS test set.
Development of synthetic protocols for Quarternary Ammonium Tribromides - A Brief Account

Received on 19 July and finalized on 19 August 2013. _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Quaternary ammonium tribromides have in recent years been looked at as greener alternatives of the toxic reagent bromine and literature reports a number of such tribromide reagents. These reagents are efficient and allow various types of organic transformations to be carried out with environmental benignity. Their applications have been reported for various organic transformations such as bromination of organic substrates, oxidative cyclization reactions, in the construction of heterocycles, acylation reactions, etc. The utility of these reagents has led to the establishment of various methods for their preparation over the years. However, in recent times, environmental protection requirements make it important that a reagent is not only benign in its reactivity, but its method of synthesis should also be environmentally favourable. Thus, a study of the methods in which quaternary ammonium tribromide reagents have been designed and developed of has an importance of its own.
Mantle melting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges : evidence from abyssal peridotites

This paper presents the results of the first quantitative petrological modelling of abyssal peridotites. The mantle beneath a ridge may be considered as two regions: (1) the melting region between the solidus (P) at which upwelling mantle begins to melt, and the depth (P) at which melting stops because of conductive cooling to the surface; (2) the thermal boundary layer between P and the base of crust. In the melting region, decompression near-fractional melting is characterized by the reaction aCpx + bOpx + cSpl = dOl + 1Melt, i.e. clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and spinel melt whereas olivine crystallizes as melting proceeds. In much of the pressure range (P a) during decompression melting, which is unexpected from isobaric melting experiments, but is constrained by the incongruent melting of Opx⇒*Ol + SiO with decreasing pressure. The melting reaction also explains the so-called local trend of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) chemistry characteristic of slow-spreading ridges. Melts produced over a wide region and depth range in the mantle will ascend and migrate laterally towards the axial zone of crustal accretion. These melts cool and crystallize olivine as they pass through previously depleted residues in the thermal boundary layer. This explains why abyssal paidotites have excess olivine relative to simple melting residues. The greater the ambient extent of mantle melting, the more melt is produced in the mantle. Thus, greater extents of melting lead to more olivine (up to 50% of the rock mass in abyssal peridotites) crystallization at shallow levels. Additional important implications we: (1) neither MORB melts nor the bulk igneous crust is compositionally comparable with partial melts produced in peridotite melting experiments because primary mantle melts crystallize olivine back in the mantle; (2) diffusive porous flow is the primary mode of melt migration even at very shallow levels because excess olivine is observed on thin-section scales in abyssal peridotites; (3) low-pressure melt equilibration during ascent is inevitable because the melting reaction preserved in residual pendotites requires continuous solid-liquid equilibration, and because olivine crystallization in the thermal boundary layer is the natural consequence of melt ascent and cooling; (4) perfect fractional melting is unlikely because melt porosity (a few percent? ) in the melting mantle is required by the melting reaction, whole-rock major element data and other observations; (5) compositional variations of both MORB and abyssalperidotites are consistent with varying extents (∼10-22%) of mantle melting beneath global ocean ridges.
AN EXPLICATION OF THREE SERVICE BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING APPROACHES

Business process modeling is an important aspect of analyzing the needs of a modern firm. The models produced are used in diverse ways including understanding services delivered to customers, underpinning enterprise architecture, explaining future changes and the automation of processes, and in defining information technology to support processes. However, there is also a diversity of modeling techniques used. This paper is an explication of three of the most popular: service blueprinting, business process modeling notation (BPMN), and a new approach called process chain network (PCN). The paper concludes with future works to better understand how these approaches can be used in conjunction. JEL Classifications: M000, M150
Local tourism governance: a comparison of three network approaches

There is an absence of knowledge about the advantages and disadvantages of different local tourism governance approaches. Consequently, experimenting with different modes of local tourism governance is increasingly common. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by investigating the ways in which three different local tourism governance networks operate, and the effects of this governance on local tourism policy. The three local tourism networks examined are a council-led network governance structure, a participant-led community network governance structure and a local tourism organisation (LTO)-led industry network governance structure. The study found that these governance arrangements were underpinned by four key trade-offs and that these tended to shape the effectiveness of local tourism governance. The significance of this paper is that it opens up discussion about local tourism governance, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches and reflects on their relevance to sustainable tourism management. The findings can inform local councils interested in improving their local organisation of tourism, and spur further research.
Further Observational Evidence for a Critical Ionising Luminosity in Active Galaxies

We report the results of a survey for HI 21-cm absorption at redshifts of z > 2.6 in a new sample of radio sources with the Green Bank and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescopes. From a total of 25 targets, we report zero detections in the 16 for which optical depth limits could be obtained. Based upon the detection rate for z > 0.1 associated absorption, we would expect approximately four detections. Of the 11 which have previously not been searched, there is sufficient source-frame optical/ultra-violet photometry to determine the ionising photon rate for four. Adding these to the literature, the hypothesis that there is a critical rate of logQ = 56 ionising photons per second is now significant at ~7 sigma. This reaffirms our assertion that searching z > 3 active galaxies for which optical redshifts are available selects sources in which the ultra-violet luminosity is sufficient to ionise all of the neutral gas in the host galaxy.
The standard molar enthalpies of formation of nano-ZnO particles with different morphologies

The thermodynamic properties of nano-ZnO particles with different morphologies were studied. First, based on the measurements of XRD and SEM, the morphologies of the five nano-ZnO products were determined as sheet, block, sieve, column, and rod, and their particle size was about 40 nm. Then, based on a designed thermodynamic cycle, the standard molar enthalpies of formation (ΔfHmθ) of the nano-ZnO particles were determined by the RD496-2000 microcalorimeter, and they are ΔfHmθ (sheet) = (-337.43±0.47) kJċmol-1, ΔfHmθ(block) = (-336.57±0.43) kJċmol-1, ΔfHmθ (sieve) = (-337.04±0.57) kJċmol-1, ΔfHmθ (column) = (-343.56 ± 0.39) kJċmol-1, and ΔfHmθ (rod) = (-341.43 ± 0.41) kJċmol-1. The results show that the bigger difference of the morphologies of nano-ZnO, the bigger difference of the standard molar enthalpies of formation.