Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family-Wise Separation Rates for multiple testing

Starting from a parallel between some minimax adaptive tests of a single null hypothesis, based on aggregation approaches, and some tests of multiple hypotheses, we propose a new second kind error-related evaluation criterion, as the core of an emergent minimax theory for multiple tests. Aggregation-based tests are justified through their first kind error rate, which is controlled by the prescribed level on the one hand, and through their separation rates over various classes of alternatives, rates that are minimax on the other hand. We show that these tests can be viewed as the first steps of classical step-down multiple testing procedures, and ac-cordingly be evaluated from the multiple testing point of view also, through a control of their Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER). Conversely, many multiple testing procedures, from the historical ones of Bonferroni and Holm, to more recent ones like min-p procedures or randomized procedures, can be investigated from the minimax adaptive testing point of view. To this end, we extend the notion of separation rate to the multiple testing field, by defining the weak Family-Wise Separation Rate and its stronger counterpart, the Family-Wise Separation Rate (FWSR). As for non-parametric tests of a single null hypothesis, we prove that these new concepts allow an accurate analysis of the second kind error of a multiple testing procedure, leading to clear definitions of minimax and minimax adaptive multiple tests. Some illustrations in a classical Gaussian framework corroborate several expected results under particular conditions on the tested hypotheses, but also lead to more surprising results.
Acid and base secretion in freshly excised nasal tissue from cystic fibrosis patients with ΔF508 mutation

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a misfunctional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which is believed to contributes to the regulation of the airway surface liquid (ASL) pH. This study investigated acid and base secretion in freshly excised human nasal tissues from CF patients homozygous for the ΔF508 mutation.
Impacts of plug-in hybrid vehicles and combined heat and power technologies on electric and gas distribution network losses

Distribution network operators (DNOs) require strategies that can offset the tradeoffs new embedded technologies have on their assets. This paper employs modelling to show that through control device manipulation, gas and electric (G&E) network operators can influence savings in energy losses under the presence of plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) and combined heat and power technologies (CHPs). An integrated gas and electric optimal power flow (OPF) tool is introduced to undertake various case studies. The OPF tool evaluates the technical impacts experienced in the networks when DNOs apply a “plug and forget” operation strategy and then compares the results against a “loss minimisation” strategy. Results show the benefits in applying different strategies are more considerable in electric networks than in gas networks. The study corroborates that an integrated G&E analysis offers a fresh perspective for stakeholders in evaluating energy service networks performance under different operation strategies.
Preventive Effect of High-Fluoride Dentifrice (5,000 ppm) in Caries-Active Adolescents: A 2-Year Clinical Trial

There is a lack of clinical studies comparing dentifrices with high fluoride (F) concentration. The aim was to evaluate a dentifrice containing 5,000 ppm F compared to a dentifrice containing 1,450 ppm F in caries-active adolescents. The design was a 2-year, single-blind randomized controlled trial and 211 adolescents of 279 (76%) completed the trial. The subjects were divided into two groups and were given one of the assigned F dentifrices for daily unsupervised toothbrushing: (1) Duraphat 5,000 ppm F and (2) Pepsodent Superfluor 1,450 ppm F, both as NaF. The outcome variables were caries incidence and progression of proximal and occlusal caries. The subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire to evaluate their compliance and they were divided into two subgroups: subgroup A, excellent compliance, and subgroup B, poor compliance. The latter group (28%) comprised the subjects who did not brush twice a day or did not use the dentifrice regularly. Adolescents using 5,000 ppm F toothpaste had significantly lower progression of caries compared to those using 1,450 ppm F toothpaste (A: p < 0.01, B: p < 0.001), with a prevented fraction of 40%. Subjects using 5,000 ppm F toothpaste had significantly lower caries incidence for compliance B compared to those using 1,450 ppm F toothpaste (p < 0.05); the prevented fraction was 42%. This may indicate that 5,000 ppm F toothpaste has a greater impact on individuals who do not use toothpaste regularly or do not brush twice a day. Thus, 5,000 ppm F toothpaste appears to be an important vehicle for caries prevention and treatment of adolescents with a high caries risk.
Developments in law and policy: the promotion of green energy in the electricity sector of Palestine

This paper analyses the regulatory framework for renewable electricity in Palestine. The State of Palestine has inherited accumulative problems in its electricity sector, as in many other sectors, mainly due to the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories since June 1967. These territories include the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. The Occupied Palestinian Territories were declared by the United Nations General Assembly in September 2012 to hold non-member state status, and have since been known as the ‘State of Palestine’. Multifaceted limitations and restrictions resulting from the occupation have impeded development in the electricity sector as a pivotal public service. However, the Palestinian Government has recently attempted to take control over electricity and to restructure the sector using legal instruments. The government has adopted regulations and embraced a target to promote the use of renewable energy sources for the generation of electricity. This paper argues that despite the Palestinian Government’s attempt to achieve the renewable target, the law needs to be revised thoroughly to ensure increased promotion of alternative energy generation sources.
Cardiovascular reactivity to stress in black male offspring of hypertensive parents.

&NA; The forearm blood flow (FABF) and other cardiovascular responses of 20 black men with a parental history of hypertension were compared with the responses of 18 black men without a parental history of hypertension. The results showed that sons of hypertensive parents had higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure than sons of normotensive parents during the initial assessment as well as significantly higher self‐determined home SBP. Sons of hypertensive parents had higher SBP responses than sons of normotensive parents during mental challenge and the cold pressor, but there were no group differences in DBP, heart rate (HR), (FABF), or forearm vascular resistance (FAVR) responses to the stressors. Significant positive correlations between HR and FABF responses to the stressors were observed for sons of hypertensive parents. Finally, the results showed that the BP and FAVR responses to the cold pressor (a painful task that elicits alpha‐adrenergic activity) were significantly higher than responses to mental challenge (a task that elicits beta‐adrenergic activity) for both groups. The implications of these results are discussed in light of current research suggesting that blacks may have a greater tendency toward BP responses mediated by alpha‐adrenergic increases in vascular resistance.
Competition Intensity along a Productivity Gradient in a Low‐Diversity Grassland

Competition among plants often shifts from roots to shoots as productivity increases and species composition changes. We examined competition in an old field with low diversity to test whether this shift occurred along a productivity gradient without species turnover. Forty plots received one of four nitrogen treatments ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$0,\,5,\,or\,15\,g\,added\,N\,m^{- 2}\,yr^{- 1}\,or\,400\,g\,m^{- 2}\,yr^{- 1}\,of\,sawdust\,added\,to\,immobilize\,N$$ \end{document} ) annually for 5 yr. All N levels were dominated by the perennial grasses Agropyron cristatum and Bromus inermis. Transplants of Agropyron were grown with all neighbors, roots of neighbors, or no neighbors present to measure total, root, and shoot competition. Transplant growth was 22%–165% higher in subplots without neighbors present, which indicates that competition occurred. Competition from neighbor roots was primarily responsible for suppression of transplant growth over the entire productivity gradient. In contrast to previous field experiments that found either an increase in total competition intensity or a shift from root to shoot competition with increasing productivity, we found neither. Increases in total competition intensity or shifts from root to shoot competition found along other gradients may be caused by changes in species composition and not by increased resources or neighbor biomass. These results suggest that different competitive mechanisms may operate in low‐diversity vegetation than in more diverse natural vegetation.
Pulse-echo single frequency acoustic nonlinearity parameter (B/A) measurement

A pulse-echo single-frequency method for B/A measurement is reported. The technique is based on excitation of the medium at a progressively increasing amplitude level and the computing of B/A from the deviation in linearity of the transducer input-output relationship. Starting from the nonlinear wave equation, a three-dimensional analytical formulation that predicts the approximate field distribution for finite-amplitude waves is derived. This provides the computation for the transducer output voltage for progressively increasing signal levels. It is shown that, by a suitable normalization, the effects of the diffraction can be excluded. From a nonlinear least-squares fit of the experimental data to the analytical equation, the B/A is computed. A number of simulations for the model together with preliminary experiments that were carried out at 3.5 GHz are presented. <<ETX>>
Identification of Cysteines Involved in S-Nitrosylation, S-Glutathionylation, and Oxidation to Disulfides in Ryanodine Receptor Type 1*

The skeletal muscle Ca2+-release channel (ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1)) is a redox sensor, susceptible to reversible S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, and disulfide oxidation. So far, Cys-3635 remains the only cysteine residue identified as functionally relevant to the redox sensing properties of the channel. We demonstrate that expression of the C3635A-RyR1 mutant in RyR1-null myotubes alters the sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor to activation by voltage, indicating that Cys-3635 is involved in voltage-gated excitation-contraction coupling. However, H2O2 treatment of C3635A-RyR1 channels or wild-type RyR1, following their expression in human embryonic kidney cells, enhances [3H]ryanodine binding to the same extent, suggesting that cysteines other than Cys-3635 are responsible for the oxidative enhancement of channel activity. Using a combination of Western blotting and sulfhydryl-directed fluorescent labeling, we found that two large regions of RyR1 (amino acids 1-2401 and 3120-4475), previously shown to be involved in disulfide bond formation, are also major sites of both S-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation. Using selective isotopecoded affinity tag labeling of RyR1 and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, we identified, out of the 100 cysteines in each RyR1 subunit, 9 that are endogenously modified (Cys-36, Cys-315, Cys-811, Cys-906, Cys-1591, Cys-2326, Cys-2363, Cys-3193, and Cys-3635) and another 3 residues that were only modified with exogenous redox agents (Cys-253, Cys-1040, and Cys-1303). We also identified the types of redox modification each of these cysteines can undergo. In summary, we have identified a discrete subset of cysteines that are likely to be involved in the functional response of RyR1 to different redox modifications (S-nitrosylation, S-glutathionylation, and oxidation to disulfides).
Effect of Kainic Acid, Glutamate, and Aspartate on CO2 Production by Goldfish Tectal Slices

Abstract: For a study of the excitatory effect of kainate, glutamate, and aspartate in the goldfish optic tectum, these substances were tested on the production of CO2 from radioactive glucose in tectal slices incubated in Krebs‐Ringer medium for fish. Kainate increased the rate of CO2 production for up to 30 min in a dose‐related manner, the effect being maximum at 0.1 mM concentration and decreasing at higher doses. The effect was blocked by ouabain (1 mM) as well as by the substitution of cholinc for Na+ in the incubation medium. Glutamate and aspartate exerted a less pronounced excitatory effect on CO2 production at higher concentration than kainate. This effect was also abolished by ouabain. Glutamate, added to the medium at a concentration at least 100‐ fold higher than kainate, partially reversed the increase in CO2 production induced by kainic acid. No similar effect was noticed for aspartate. The supposed glutamate antagonists glutamic acid diethylester (1 mM) and proline (5mM) did not affect the excitatory action of kainic acid or exert an antagonistic effect towards glutamate. At higher concentration (10 mM) glutamic acid diethylester increased CO2 production, an effect that was, however, ouabain insensitive. Methyltetrahydrofolic acid (1 mM), a substance reported to compete for the kainate receptor, did not inhibit the effect of kainic acid or increase CO, production.
Effect of Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 on the Metastatic Behavior of Human Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: The expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 has been associated with tumor dissemination and poor prognosis in a limited number of tumor entities. However, no data are currently available on the impact of chemokine receptor expression on disease progression and prognosis in human colorectal cancer. Experimental Design: The expression of CXCR4 and CCR7 was evaluated in 96 patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancers and in four colorectal cancer cell lines by immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, cell migration assays were done with SW480, SW620, and LS174T cancer cells to confirm the effect of the CXCR4 ligand stromal cell–derived factor 1α on migration. Results: Human colorectal cancer specimens and cell lines displayed a CXCR4 and CCR7 expression with variable intensities. Interestingly, strong expression of CXCR4, but not of CCR7, was significantly associated with higher Union International Contre Cancer stages 3/4 (P = 0.0017), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.00375), and distant metastasis (P = 0.00003) and further correlated with a reduced 3-year survival rate (P = 0.1). Strong CXCR4 and CCR7 expression positively correlated with the location of the primary tumor in the rectum (P < 0.01). Furthermore, activation of CXCR4-expressing cancer cells by stromal cell–derived factor 1α resulted in a significant increase of cell migration (P < 0.014). Conclusion: Strong expression of CXCR4 by colorectal cancer cells is significantly associated with lymphatic and distant dissemination in patients with colorectal cancer as well as with cancer cell migration in vitro.
Retardation by Aminoguanidine of Development of Albuminuria, Mesangial Expansion, and Tissue Fluorescence in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rat

This study evaluated the relationship between the development of fluorescence related to advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in the kidney and experimental diabetic nephropathy over a 32-wk period. Control, untreated diabetic, and aminoguanidine-treated diabetic rats were followed for 32 wk with eight weekly measurements of urinary albumin excretion. After 32 wk, collagen-related fluorescence in aorta and kidney (whole kidney, isolated glomeruli, and renal tubules) and glomerular ultrastructure were evaluated. Diabetes was associated with a significant increase in collagen-related fluorescence in the aorta and kidney. Aminoguanidine prevented the increases in collagen-related fluorescence in aorta, isolated glomeruli, and renal tubules but not in whole kidney. Diabetes was associated with increased albuminuria, fractional mesangial volume, and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness. Aminoguanidine attenuated the rise in albuminuria and prevented mesangial expansion without influencing GBM thickness in diabetic rats. The concomitant changes in collagen-related fluorescence, albuminuria, and mesangial expansion with aminoguanidine therapy are consistent with the hypothesis that AGEs may play a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
SME growth trajectories, transitions and board role portfolios: A critical review and integrative model

This article presents a novel framework integrating a dynamic states approach to firm growth and a portfolio perspective of board roles. In our framework, we highlight four typical firm growth states aligned with primary board roles to guide firms effectively through the transitions associated with each state to reach a new equilibrium. The particular contribution of our framework is that it takes small and medium firm (SME) heterogeneity into account while capturing the dynamic nature of these states which are reached along non-linear, non-sequential and non-deterministic transitional pathways, as well as incorporating reverse and counterintuitive trajectories between states.
Investment- und Risikomanagement : Modelle, Methoden, Anwendungen

Anhand vieler Beispiele und empirischer Fallstudien erortern die Autoren anschaulich institutionelle und methodische Grundlagen. Ausfuhrlich werden Investments in Aktien, Zinstitel und Derivate behandelt; Futures, Optionen und Swaps sind dabei jeweils eigene Kapitel gewidmet. Immobilieninvestments, internationale Portfolio-Diversifikation und Value-at-Risk runden die breit angelegte Einfuhrung ab. In der 4. Auflage neu aufgenommen: Abschnitte zu weiteren Modellkonzeptionen, Stylized Facts empirischer Renditezeitreihen, Prospect-Theorie, Theorie effizienter Markte, Portfolioheuristiken, Zinsprognose, Preisbildung bei Rohstofffutures, Risikomanagement von Optionspositionen und Rohstoffinvestments.
Mass Customization in Supply Chain Management Environment: A Review

In the supply chain management customer is the most significant component and mass customization is mostly related to customers because it is the capability of any industry or organization to deliver highly customized products and its services to the respective customers with flexibility and integration, providing such a variety of products that nearly everyone can find what they want. Today all over the world many companies and markets are facing varied situations that at one side customers are demanding that their orders should be completed as quickly as possible while on other hand it requires highly customized products and services. By applying mass customization some companies face unwanted cost and complexity. Now they are realizing that they should completely examine what kind of customization would be best suited for their companies. In this paper authors review some approaches and principles which show effect in supply chain management that can be adopted and used by companies for quickly meeting the customer orders at reduced cost, with minimum amount of inventory and maximum efficiency. Keywords—Mass customization and supply chain management.
Collective bargaining, wage dispersion and the economic cycle: Spanish evidence

This research analyses the effect of a ‘two-tier’ system of collective bargaining (firm bargaining and multi-employer bargaining levels) on wage dispersion in Spain. The effect of collective bargaining on the two main concepts that make up wages (the contractual or basic-bargained wage, and the wage cushion) are analysed during the last period of the upward cycle (2002–2006) and the beginning of the global financial crisis (2006–2010). The wage cushion is defined as the difference between the earned wage and the basic-bargained wage. The results show that workers covered by firm bargaining experienced greater wage dispersion than workers covered by multi-employer bargaining. On the other hand, wage dispersion for all workers decreased during the analysis period, mainly during the first stage of the current economic crisis, and particularly among workers covered by multi-employer bargaining. Both the decreasing relevance of the wage cushion in actual wage formation and its reduced dispersion make it possible to explain this wage compression.
Kinetic, quantitative, and functional analysis of multiple forms of the vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsid protein in infected cells

Multiple forms of the vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsid protein N have been detected in infected cells. One form is complexed with the viral NS protein in a 1:1 molar ratio, and the other forms are distinguished by their more rapid sedimentation rates on glycerol gradients. I performed a series of experiments designed to analyze the relationships between these forms of the N protein. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrate that the N protein is made first as the form which binds to the NS protein, forming a 1-to-1 molar complex, and that with increasing times of chase it is either assembled into nucleocapsids or converted to the two higher sedimenting forms. Using a newly developed quantitative immunoblotting procedure, I have quantitated the three differentially sedimenting species of the N protein and have shown that at later times postinfection (6 to 7 h), the faster-sedimenting forms of the N protein account for as much as 50% of the soluble N protein in the cell. The activity of these forms has been assessed, with only the 1-to-1 molar N-NS complex demonstrating the ability to support the replication and encapsidation of viral genomic RNA. A model for the conversion of the N protein from the active N-NS complex into the other forms of the protein is presented, and the possible function of the N-protein self-complexes is discussed.