Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
29. TheorietagAutomaten und Formale Sprachen Bremen, 26./27. September 2019 [width=99mm]logoUB.eps

We take a fresh look at word equations which is different from the approaches of Makanin (exponent of periodicity) and Jez (recompression). Using representations of letters as arbitrary but distinct numbers, we are able to find some normalisations on the representation of the solutions of word equations which enable us to solve two long-standing open problems. Firstly, we prove that a one variable word equation with constants has either at most three or an infinite number of solutions. This bound is both surprising and optimal. Secondly, we consider independent systems of three variable word equations without constants and establish a constant bound on the size of such systems, if they allow a nonperiodic solution. THEORIEAG 2019 S. Maneth (Herausgeber): Theorietag 2019, Bremen, 25. – 27.9. 2019 Universität Bremen, Technischer Bericht der AG Datenbanken, S. 2–2. On Iterated Uniform Finite-State Transducers Martin Kutrib Andreas Malcher Carlo Mereghetti Beatrice Palano (A)Institut für Informatik, Universität Giessen, Arndtstr. 2, 35392 Giessen, Germany kutrib@informatik.uni-giessen.de andreas.malcher@informatik.uni-giessen.de (B)Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy mereghetti@unimi.it (C)Dipartimento di Informatica “G. degli Antoni”, Università degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 18, 20133 Milano, Italy palano@unimi.it
Homoglutathione: isolation, quantification and occurrence in legumes

Homoglutathione (hGSH: γ-glutamyl-eysteinyl-β-alanine) was purified from seeds of Phaseolus coccineus L. cv. Preisgewinner, using anion-exchange chromatography and Cu2O precipitation. Quantitative and specific determination of this thiol is possible by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after monobromobimane derivatization. The enzymatic recycling assay based on yeast glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) can also be applied, but only to samples containing either hGSH or glutathione (GSH), since enzyme reaction with hGSH is 2.7 times faster than with GSH. Using the very sensitive HPLC method, the thiol content of leaves, roots and seeds of several legumes was investigated. Although GSH and hGSH were found in all plants analysed, the GSH/hGSH ratio varied greatly within the different tribes as well as within the different organs of plants of one species. In seeds and leaves of Vicieae, only traces of hGSH were found beside the main thiol GSH, whereas in roots the hGSH content exceeded the GSH content. The Trifolieae contained both tripeptides and in the tribe Phaseoleae, hGSH predominated by far.
On the mechanism of the copper‐catalysed hydro‐genation; a reinterpretation of published data

The copper-catalysed hydrogenation of triglyceride oils differs from the nickel-catalysed reaction in that copper catalysts only hydrogenate double bonds in methylene interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties. Accordingly, the copper-catalysed reaction stops when the triglycerides present in the reaction mixture are only monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in which the double bonds are separated by more than one methylene group. Copper catalysts thus exhibit a very high oleic acid selectivity. This observation has been explained in the literature by assuming that copper catalysts can only catalyse the hydrogenation of conjugated polyenes and that they are also capable of catalysing the conjugation of methylene interrupted polyenes. Accordingly, the hydrogenation of linolenic acid and linoleic acid moieties starts with their conjugation which is then followed by hydrogen addition to these conjugated acids. For both reactions (conjugation and hydrogenation) the literature assumes the Horiuti-Polanyl mechanism stipulating the addition of a hydrogen atom to a double bond as the first step. Reinterpretation of the literature data now leads to the hypothesis that the first step in the conjugation mechanism could well be the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from an allylic methylene group rather than the addition of a hydrogen atom to a doubly bonded carbon atom. A conjugated double bond system then results from the addition of a hydrogen atom to the allylic radical formed by the foregoing hydrogen abstraction. Dans la fin des annees 60, il a ete decouvert que dans l'hydrogenation d'huiles alimentaires, les catalyseurs au cuivre montrent des selectivites differentes de celles observees avec les catalyseurs au nickel notamment la selectivite a l'acide linolenique qui est plus importante. L'acide linolenique est considere comme la cause majeure de la reversion de la flaveur de l'huile de soja et son elimination selective par hydrogenation catalysee par le cuivre pourrait elargir le champ d'application de cette huile. Cette etude de synthese sur les mecanismes d'hydrogenation catalysee par le cuivre conduit a l'hypothese que la premiere etape de la conjugaison pourrait bien etre une elimination d'un atome d'hydrogene d'un groupe methylene allylique plutot que l'addition d'un hydrogene sur une double liaison carbone.
Characterization of predation on egg masses of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)

Predation by several species of potential predators of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) egg masses was examined under laboratory conditions to determine which species are likely predators of O. nubilalis egg masses, to characterize the damage by predators on egg masses, and to develop a technique to quantify predation on egg masses in the field. Adults and larvae of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer, larvae of Chrysopa sp. , larvae and adults of Orius insidiosus Say, adults of Stenus flavicornis Erichson, and adults of Amblyseius (? ) sp. readily consumed egg masses. Adults of Hippodamia convergens Guerin, H. tredecimpunctata (L.), H. parenthesis (Say), H. variegata (Goeze), Adalia bipunctata (L.), Cycloneda munda (Say), Coccinella septempunctata L. , C. transversoguttata Faldermann, C. novemnotata Herbst, and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.), and neonate larvae of H. convergens, H. tredecimpunctata, A. bipunctata, C. munda, and C. septempunctata rarely consumed any part of an egg mass. Adult C. maculata consumed 1.02 egg masses/d at 24°C and 1.45 egg masses/d at 30°C, and larvae completed development from egg to adult on a pure diet of egg masses, consuming nearly 3 egg masses/d during the fourth stadium. Hatched eggs, eggs that had been preyed upon by chewing predators, eggs that had been preyed upon by Chrysopa sp. , and eggs that had been preyed upon by other sucking predators could be distinguished from each other readily and reliably. Chewing predation on egg masses exposed to naturally occurring predators in maize fields at Goodhue, Minn. , was correlated with C. maculata population density, and Chrysopa predation was correlated with larval Chrysopa sp. population density. Thus, characterization of predation on egg masses is a potentially useful technique for quantifying predation rates in the field.
Understanding natural patterns and processes in river corridors as the basis for effective river restoration

An Erratum has been published for this article in Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 17 (6) 2001, 311–323. Running water ecology is a young science, the conceptual foundations of which were derived largely from research conducted in Europe and North America. However, virtually all European river corridors were substantially regulated well before the science of river ecology developed. While regulation of North American river systems occurred later than in European systems, river ecology also developed later. Therefore, there is a general impression of rivers as being much less heterogeneous and much more stable than they actually are in the natural state. The thesis of this paper is that established research and management concepts may fail to fully recognize the crucial roles of habitat heterogeneity and fluvial dynamics owing to a lack of fundamental knowledge of the structural and functional features of morphologically intact river corridors. Until quite recently, most concepts in river ecology were based on the implicit assumption that rivers are stable, single-thread channels isolated from adjacent floodplains. Unfortunately, many rivers are in just such a state, but it should be recognized that this is not the natural condition. This incomplete understanding constrains scientific advances in river ecology and renders management and restoration initiatives less effective. Examples are given of the high level of spatio-temporal heterogeneity that may be attained in rivers where natural processes still operate on a large scale. The objective of this paper is to promulgate a broader and more integrative understanding of natural processes in river corridors as a necessary prelude to effective river conservation and management. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Similarity Analysis of MHD Three Dimensional Nanofluid Flow for Non-Newtonian Power-Law Model over Linearly Stretching Sheet with Convective Boundary Conditions

Received: 22 May 2019 Accepted: 13 December 2019 In this paper, we had investigated MHD nanofluid flow over a linearly stretching sheet in three dimensions by considering Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect for the nonNewtonian power-law model. A nonlinear system of partial differential equations with convective boundary conditions in the governing equation is converted into the system of ordinary differential equations using deductive two-parameter group-theoretic similarity technique. System of ordinary differential equation with boundary conditions are solved numerically using MATLAB BVP4C coding. The influence of different physical parameters like power-law index, magnetic parameter, Biot number, thermophoresis parameter, stretching ratio parameter, Brownian motion parameter, Lewis number, Prandtl number on concentration, temperature and velocity are investigated with graphical presentation. It is observed that as stretching parameter ratio (b/a) increases, the concentration and temperature of the fluid decrease. Two different behaviours observed for velocity profiles for different power-law indexes.
Fostering Development in an Era of Financial and Economic Crises

This paper analyses the cost and profit efficiency of banks in South Africa. The cost-to-income ratio has always been used in the South African banking sector in measuring efficiency. However this approach is very simplistic and does not provide enough insight on real profit efficiency. This paper uses a stochastic frontier model to determine both cost and profit efficiency of four large and four small, South African-based banks. The results of the study show that South African banks have significantly improved their cost efficiencies between 2000 and 2005. However, efficiency gains on profitability, over the same time period, have not been significant. No bank was found to be superior to another in terms of achieving efficiency gains in cost reduction and profitability. A weak positive correlation was found to exist between the cost and profit efficiencies, with the most cost efficient banks also being most profit efficient. With regard to bank size, cost efficiency declined with increasing bank size. *Dean and Professor of Finance, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Email: Mthuli.Ncube@wits.ac. za
CXCL16 Signals via Gi, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Akt, IκB Kinase, and Nuclear Factor-κB and Induces Cell-Cell Adhesion and Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation*

CXCL16, a recently discovered transmembrane chemokine, is expressed in human aortic smooth muscle cell (ASMC). It facilitates uptake of low density lipoproteins by macrophages, resulting in foam cell formation. However, it is not known whether ASMC express CXCR6, the receptor for CXCL16, or whether CXCL16 affects ASMC biology. To dissect the biological and signal transduction pathways elicited by CXCL16, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were treated with pharmacological inhibitors or transiently transfected with pathway-specific dominant-negative or kinase-dead expression vectors prior to the addition of CXCL16. HASMC expressed CXCR6 at basal conditions. Exposure of HASMC to CXCL16 increased NF-κB DNA binding activity, induced κB-driven luciferase activity, and up-regulated tumor necrosis factor-α expression in an NF-κB-dependent manner. However, treatment with pertussis toxin (Gi inhibitor), wortmannin or LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K inhibitors)), or Akt inhibitor or overexpression of dominant-negative (dn) PI3Kγ, dnPDK-1, kinase-dead (kd) Akt, kdIKK-β, dnIKK-γ, dnIκB-α, or dnIκB-β significantly attenuated CXCL16-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, CXCL16 increased cell-cell adhesion and induced cellular proliferation in an NF-κB-dependent manner. In conclusion, CXCL16 is a potent and direct activator of NF-κB and induces κB-dependent proinflammatory gene transcription. CXCL16-mediated NF-κB activation occurred via heterotrimeric G proteins, PI3K, PDK-1, Akt, and IκB kinase (IKK). CXCL16 induced IκB phosphorylation and degradation. Most importantly, CXCL16 increased cell-cell adhesion and induced κB-dependent ASMC proliferation, indicating that CXCL16 may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Energy Minimization with Fault Tolerance in the Real Time System

Real time system gives logically correct results in the presence of faults at their relative deadline. Sometimes deadline missed due to fault occurs & system becomes failure. Transient faults are more frequent than others faults. It can be appears just a seconds then sudden disappears no limit how many times are visible [3]. To overcome transient fault problems in a system using various time redundancy fault tolerance techniques. In this paper, apply checkpoints to prevent system becomes failures due to transient faults with a sufficient storage energy in a system. We should have to uniformly distributed checkpoints before task’s deadline & find a feasible task with minimizes energy consumption [5]. Before execution, without knowing worst case execution time & arrival time of each task applies jobs on non preemption EDF scheduling with fault tolerance or energy consumption & Find a schedubility or reliability in a system. DVFS is a dynamic voltage frequency scaling policy in which we have to adjust voltage levels as well as frequency levels of the processor according to available storage energy in a system with the help of this policy find minimizes energy consumption in the presence of faults [1], [2]. During execution, if system has sufficient energy for task execution then task is executed at full speed of processor else it can be executed lower speed o processor. DVFS policy is a aim to minimizes energy consumption in the presence of faults by adjusted voltages levels as well as frequency levels according to available storage energy. Voltage is directly proportional to the power of the system by using equation no 1.
Relation between stopover length and time and body parameters of European Robin Erithacus rubecula [L., 1758] during autumn migration [Central Poland]

The relation between age, body parameters and the stopover behaviour of a small, short-distance, migratory bird during the season of autumn (August-October) was studied. Capture-recapture data of 1018 first-year and 89 adult European Robins migrating through cen- tral Poland ("Kaliszany" ringing station, 21°48'E, 51°05'N) in autumn between 1997 and 2005 were analysed. Body mass, length of wing and tail of young Robins caught and stayed at the stopover site showed significant seasonal variation. Imma- ture Robins made longer stopovers (median = 4 days, 1-41) in the area than older ones (median = 3 days, 1-32). The stopover duration decreased continuously during the season. However, body mass changes at the staging site was not related to the age of birds. The birds migrating in the second half of autumn (late September-October) period accumulated fat faster than birds migrating in the early season. Our analyses confirmed that late migrants stayed for shorter stopovers and gained more body mass than early migrating birds due to a shift in migration strategy as an adaptation to time stress.
SUBMISSION Number: SPADE-MEEA15-00021 The impact of oil prices on macroeconomic fundamentals, monetary policy and stock market for eight Middle East and North African countries

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of oil prices on macroeconomic fundamentals, monetary policy and stock market for eight oil-exporting and non-oil exports countries in the Middle East and North African region, namely Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Kuwait, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and Turkey. Using quarterly data for the period 1994Q4-2015Q2, with a Panel-ARDL, we may conclude that there are short run dynamic cross-section relationships between first, oil prices and macroeconomic variables such as growth rate and consumer price index, second, oil prices and money market rate and third, market capitalization and oil prices. In the long run, dependent variables such as consumer price index and market stock exhibit a cointegration relationship with oil prices. However, no cointegration relationships can be established among oil price variations, monetary policy and growth rate. In this context, we apply a multivariate VAR model to examine responses of all variables to oil price shocks. We find a relatively 100% elastic response of economic growth in oil-exporting country except for Kuwait and conversely, oil-importing economics, it appears reasonably stable close to zero of GDP response to oil prices. Similarly, same results can be captured of market response estimated an each oilimporting countries and oil-exporting countries to oil price, which is considered a negatively sign during the first period in these countries causes by financial crisis contagion. The next macroeconomic variable, CPI seems positive response to oil . In addition, oil prices appear to have a negligible response on money market rates in the Middle East and North Africa except for turkey and Egypt.
Histology of longissimus muscle from 2-week-old and 8-week-old normal and callipyge lambs

There were no differences in proportion or sizes of myofiber types in longissimus from 2-wk-old lambs of the callipyge and normal genotypes. In 8-wk old lambs, the type I ovine myofibers were oxidative, the majority of type IIA myofibers were glycolytic, and the majority of type IIB myofibers were oxidative. Key words: Callipyge, lamb, muscle, histology
Set-valued data publication with local privacy

Most user-generated data in online services are presented as set-valued data, e.g., visited website URLs, recently used Apps by a person, and etc. These data are of great value to service providers, but also bring privacy concerns if collected and analyzed directly. To tackle potential privacy threatens, local differential privacy (LDP) attracts increasing attention nowadays. However, existing approaches only provide sub-optimal error bound for set-valued data distribution estimation with LDP. Besides, it is computational expensive and communication expensive to use for high dimensional set-valued data, considering large domains in real scenarios. Thus, existing approaches are unpractical to use on resource-constrained user-side devices (e.g., smartphones and wearable devices). In this paper, we propose a utility-optimal and efficient set-valued data publication method (i.e., wheel mechanism). On the user side, each user contributes only one numerical value to represent their privatized data. The computational complexity is O(min{m log m, meɛ}) and communication cost is O(log(meɛ)) bits, while existing approaches usually depend on O(d) or O(log d), where m is the number of items in the set-valued data (m ≡ 1 for categorical data), d is the domain size (usually d ≫ m) and ɛ is the privacy budget. On the server side, the estimator takes numerical values from users as input and derives an unbiased distribution estimation. Theoretical results show that estimation error bounds are improved from previously known [EQUATION] to the optimal rate [EQUATION]. Results on extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed wheel mechanism is 3-100× faster than existing approaches, meanwhile has optimal statistical efficiency.
MCN0516_Minority B_00104_Deepak.indd

Since the inception of prenatal care in the early 1900s, the focus of care has been on risk reduction rather than on health promotion. Prenatal care began as individualized care, but more recently group prenatal care has been shown to be very successful in improving birth outcomes. For all women, an emphasis on improving health behaviors is important at this critical time while women are engaging regularly with the healthcare system. An emphasis on mental health promotion may decrease some of the disparities in birth outcomes that are well documented between minority and majority women, as minority women are known to experience increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Providing support for pregnant women and incorporating knowledge and skills through prenatal care may promote both physical and mental health in minority women.
Factor Analysis of Human Resource Practices in Nepalese Insurance Companies

This study is focused on the human resource practice is pertinent to all type of organizations, regardless of its nature, size and scope. Organization must ensure appropriate human resource practice to operate and succeed in the business. Employees’ from Nepalese insurance companies has been regarded as sample to explore the study on human resource practice. The result showed four factors prevailing in this sector.
Induced herbivore resistance in seaweeds: a meta‐analysis

1 Terrestrial plants can sense and respond to herbivory, which may lead to increased resistance towards further grazing if the responses have negative effects on the preference and/or performance of the herbivores. Marine plants (seaweeds) are exposed to a considerable grazing pressure by herbivores ranging from large, mobile fishes and sea urchins to small, sedentary crustaceans and molluscs. The number of investigations studying induced resistance in seaweeds has increased during the last decade, but empirical results are conflicting. 2 We performed a categorical meta‐analysis to evaluate statistically the overall seaweed responses to damage or damage‐related cues, and factors that may explain the observed variation in inducible seaweed resistance to herbivores. 3 We found a highly significant overall effect of damage on induced seaweed resistance to further herbivory. Division of the studies into different categories showed that brown and green, but not red, seaweeds induce significant resistance to further grazing in response to grazing by small crustaceans and gastropods, but not in response to large gastropods and sea urchins. The seaweeds showed stronger responses when exposed to damage for 11–20 days than in shorter or longer experiments. 4 Seaweeds are very important both as habitat and food for a wide range of marine animals. Our findings contribute importantly to the general ecological understanding of marine plant–herbivore interactions by showing that induced resistance in seaweeds is more common than previously assumed. Many recent marine investigations included in this study have not put emphasis on the ecological relevance and underlying mechanisms of the investigated plant–herbivore interactions. We suggest that the scientific value of future investigations concerning induced defences in marine algae would benefit from formulating more advanced and/or complex hypotheses including the genetic and biochemical mechanisms, cost and constraints of damage‐induced civilian and defensive seaweed responses, as well as the effects of these responses on herbivores and other organisms/trophic levels, and on community structure and functioning.