Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Advertisement Liking, Vulnerability Factors, and Tobacco Use Among Young Adults

INTRODUCTION Young adulthood (aged 18-24) is a crucial period in the development of long-term tobacco use patterns. Tobacco advertising and promotion lead to the initiation and continuation of smoking among young adults. We examined whether vulnerability factors moderated the association between tobacco advertisement liking and tobacco use in the United States. METHODS Analyses were conducted among 9109 US young adults in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study wave 1 (2013-14). Participants viewed 20 randomly selected sets of tobacco advertisements (five each for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco) and indicated whether they liked each ad. The outcome variables were past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco use. Covariates included tobacco advertisement liking, age, sex, race or ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, poverty level, military service, and internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms. RESULTS Liking tobacco advertisements was associated with tobacco use, and this association was particularly strong among those with lower educational attainment (cigarettes, cigars) and living below the poverty level (e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco). CONCLUSIONS The association between tobacco advertisement liking and tobacco use was stronger among young adults with lower educational attainment and those living below the poverty level. Policies that restrict advertising exposure and promote counter-marketing messages in this population could reduce their risk. IMPLICATIONS This study shows that liking tobacco advertisements is associated with current tobacco use among young adults, with stronger associations for vulnerable young adults (ie, lower education levels and living below the poverty level). Findings suggest a need for counter-marketing messages, policies that restrict advertising exposure, and educational interventions such as health and media literacy interventions to address the negative influences of tobacco advertisements, especially among young adults with a high school education or less and those living below the poverty level.
Security policy monitoring of BPMN‐based service compositions

Service composition is a key concept of Service‐Oriented Architecture that allows for combining loosely coupled services that are offered and operated by different service providers. Such environments are expected to dynamically respond to changes that may occur at runtime, including changes in the environment and individual services themselves. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor these loosely coupled services throughout their lifetime. In this paper, we present a novel framework for monitoring services at runtime and ensuring that services behave as they have promised. In particular, we focus on monitoring non‐functional properties that are specified within an agreed security contract. The novelty of our work is based on the way in which monitoring information can be combined from multiple dynamic services to automate the monitoring of business processes and proactively report compliance violations. The framework enables monitoring of both atomic and composite services and provides a user friendly interface for specifying the monitoring policy. We provide an information service case study using a real composite service to demonstrate how we achieve compliance monitoring. The transformation of security policy into monitoring rules, which is done automatically, makes our framework more flexible and accurate than existing techniques.
SEVEN-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE (WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: ARE THERE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANOMALIES?

A simple six-parameter ΛCDM model provides a successful fit to WMAP data. This holds both when the WMAP data are analyzed alone or in combination with other cosmological data. Even so, it is appropriate to examine the data carefully to search for hints of deviations from the now standard model of cosmology, which includes inflation, dark energy, dark matter, baryons, and neutrinos. The cosmological community has subjected the WMAP data to extensive and varied analyses. While there is widespread agreement as to the overall success of the six-parameter ΛCDM model, various “anomalies” have been reported relative to that model. In this paper we examine potential anomalies and present analyses and assessments of their significance. In most cases we find that claimed anomalies depend on posterior selection of some aspect or subset of the data. Compared with sky simulations based on the best-fit model, one can select for low probability features of the WMAP data. Low probability features are expected, but it is not usually straightforward to determine whether any particular low probability feature is the result of the a posteriori selection or non-standard cosmology. Hypothesis testing could, of course, always reveal an alternative model that is statistically favored, but there is currently no model that is more compelling. We find that two cold spots in the map are statistically consistent with random cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations. We also find that the amplitude of the quadrupole is well within the expected 95% confidence range and therefore is not anomalously low. We find no significant anomaly with a lack of large angular scale CMB power for the best-fit ΛCDM model. We examine in detail the properties of the power spectrum data with respect to the ΛCDM model and find no significant anomalies. The quadrupole and octupole components of the CMB sky are remarkably aligned, but we find that this is not due to any single map feature; it results from the statistical combination of the full-sky anisotropy fluctuations. It may be due, in part, to chance alignments between the primary and secondary anisotropy, but this only shifts the coincidence from within the last scattering surface to between it and the local matter density distribution. While this alignment appears to be remarkable, there was no model that predicted it, nor has there been a model that provides a compelling retrodiction. We examine claims of a hemispherical or dipole power asymmetry across the sky and find that the evidence for these claims is not statistically significant. We confirm the claim of a strong quadrupolar power asymmetry effect, but there is considerable evidence that the effect is not cosmological. The likely explanation is an insufficient handling of beam asymmetries. We conclude that there is no compelling evidence for deviations from the ΛCDM model, which is generally an acceptable statistical fit to WMAP and other cosmological data.
Organ Specific Cancer Incidence in an Industrial Sub-district: A Population-based Study with 12 Years Follow-up

Background: Although emissions from petrochemical industries have been recognized as a cause of an increased in cancer deaths, its contribution to specific organ cancer incidence has not been investigated in a cohort study with an adequate sample size. Objectives: To assess the association between organ specific cancer incidence and living in industrial subdistrict compared to other areas in Israel after controlling for socio- demographic variables. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using baseline measurements from the Central Bureau of Statistics 1995 census living in the Haifa subdistrict, which houses major industrial facilities in Israel, compared to the rest of Israel. The census database was linked with the Israel Cancer Registry for cancer data. Smoking prevalence data was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics 1996/7 and 1999/2000 health surveys. Results: A total of 175704 persons were included with a total of 8034 cancer cases. The mean age was 31 years (range: 0-101 years). In the analysis including all the target population the hazard ratio to develop cancer comparing Haifa subdistrict to non- Haifa was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.11-1.21, p<0.001) after adjusted for age, gender, Jews vs. non-Jews and continent of birth. Compared to the incidence in the rest of Israel, the Haifa subdistrict population had an elevated hazard ratio of lung, head and neck, colorectal, gastric and esophagus, bladder and cervical carcinoma. In discrepancy with this observation, people in the Haifa sub-district do not smoke more than in the rest of Israel. Conclusions: We report an increased risk of developing cancer in a heavily industrialized sub-district, mainly among sites which are very similar to cancer sites caused by smoking.
REMOVAL OF LEAD(II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID-TEMPLATED THIOL-SILICA MATERIALS

A range of thiol-silica composites were prepared using cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) or one of its phenolic constituents, cardanol, as templates. The procedure involved formation of a CNSL or cardanol emulsion in a water-ethanol system into which (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate were simultaneously added at various ratios. The reaction mixture was aged at room temperature for 18 h followed by a Soxhlet extraction of the template and drying. The materials were characterized by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy and acid titration. Results indicated that indeed the thiol-silica composites were successfully prepared, with thiol group loadings ranging from 1.6-2.5 mmol/g. The materials were tested for lead(II) adsorption, and results showed that they had maximum adsorption capacities up to 66.7 mg/g, depending on the thiol group loading and type of template used in preparing the adsorbent. KEY WORDS : Thiol-silica materials, Cashew nut shell liquid, Lead(II) adsorption Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014 , 28(3), 363-372. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/bcse.v28i3. 5
Treatment of Legal Sentences Including Itemization Written in Japanese, English and Vietnamese-Towards Translation into Logical Forms-:—Towards Translation into Logical Forms—

This paper reports how to treat legal sentences including itemized expressions in three languages. Thus far, we have developed a system for translating legal sentences into logical formulae. Although our system basically converts words and phrases in a target sentence into predicates in a logical formula, it generates some useless predicates for itemized and referential expressions. In the previous study, focusing on Japanese Law, we have made a front end system which substitutes corresponding referent phrases for these expressions. In this paper, we examine our approach to the Vietnamese Law and the United States Code. Our linguistic analysis shows the difference in notation among languages or nations, and we extracted conventional expressions denoting itemization for each language. The experimental result shows high accuracy in terms of generating independent, plain sentences from the law articles including itemization. The proposed system generates a meaningful text with high readability, which can be input into our translation system.
A linearly convergent majorized ADMM with indefinite proximal terms for convex composite programming and its applications

This paper aims to study a majorized alternating direction method of multipliers with indefinite proximal terms (iPADMM) for convex composite optimization problems. We show that the majorized iPADMM for 2-block convex optimization problems converges globally under weaker conditions than those used in the literature and exhibits a linear convergence rate under a local error bound condition. Based on these, we establish the linear rate convergence results for a symmetric Gaussian-Seidel based majorized iPADMM, which is designed for multi-block composite convex optimization problems. Moreover, we apply the majorized iPADMM to solve different types of regularized logistic regression problems. The numerical results on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the efficiency of the majorized iPADMM and also illustrate the effectiveness of the introduced indefinite proximal terms.
Natural Disasters and Household Welfare: Evidence from Vietnam

As natural disasters hit with increasing frequency, especially in coastal areas, it is imperative to better understand how much natural disasters affect economies and their people. This requires disaggregated measures of natural disasters that can be reliably linked to households, the first challenge this paper tackles. In particular, a methodology is illustrated to create natural disaster and hazard maps from first hand, geo-referenced meteorological data. In a second step, the repeated cross-sectional national living standard measurement surveys (2002, 2004, and 2006) from Vietnam are augmented with the natural disaster measures derived in the first phase, to estimate the welfare effects associated with natural disasters. The results indicate that short-run losses from natural disasters can be substantial, with riverine floods causing welfare losses of up to 23 percent and hurricanes reducing welfare by up to 52 percent inside cities with a population over 500,000. Households are better able to cope with the short-run effects of droughts, largely due to irrigation. There are also important long-run negative effects, in Vietnam mostly so for droughts, flash floods, and hurricanes. Geographical differentiation in the welfare effects across space and disaster appears partly linked to the functioning of the disaster relief system, which has so far largely eluded households in areas regularly affected by hurricane force winds.
Dynamic Modelling, Tracking Control and Simulation Results of a Novel Underactuated Wheeled Manipulator (WAcrobot)

Being an inherently open loop unstable mechanical system with highly nonlinear dynamics and with the number of actuators less than the number of degrees of freedom, the inverted pendulum system is a perfect benchmark for the design of a wide range of classical and contemporary control techniques. There are a number of different versions of the inverted pendulum systems offering a variety of control challenges. The most common types are the single inverted pendulum on a cart (Ohsumi & Izumikawa, 1995; Astrom & Furuta, 2000; Yoshida, 1999), the double inverted pendulum on a cart (Zhong & Rock, 2001), the double inverted pendulum with an actuator at the first joint only (Pendubot) (Spong, 1996; Graichen & Zeitz, 2005; Fantoni et al., 2000), the double inverted pendulum with an actuator at the second joint only (Acrobot) (Spong, 1994; 1995; Hauser & Murray, 1990), the rotational single-arm pendulum (Furuta et al., 1991; 1992) and the rotational two-arm pendulum (Yamakita & Furuta, 1999). Beyond non-mobile inverted pendulum robots, wheeled inverted pendulum robots or commonly known as balancing robots (e.g., Segway (Browning et al., 2005), Quasimoro (Salerno & Angeles, 2003), and Joe (Grasser et al., 2002)) have induced much interests by researchers. The control techniques involved in various types of inverted pendulum systems are also numerous, ranging from simple conventional controllers to advanced control techniques based on modern nonlinear control theory. A vast range of contributions exists for the stabilization of different types of inverted pendulums (Mori et al., 1976; Chaturvedi et al., 2008; Angeli, 2001). Besides the stabilization aspect, the swing-up of various types of single and double inverted pendulum(s) is also addressed in the literature. Examples include classic single pendulum on a cart (Astrom et al., 2008; Astrom & Furuta, 2000), Acrobot and Pendubot (Fantoni et al., 2000; Spong, 1994; 1995; Graichen et al., 2007; Brown & Passino, 1997) and the rotary double inverted pendulum (Yamakita et al., 1993; 1995). In addition to the stabilization and swing-up of different kinds of inverted pendulum robots, trajectory tracking of these underactuated systems has gained attention by researches (Cho & Jung, 2003; Chanchareon et al., 2006; Hung et al., 1997; Magana & Holzapfel, 1998). There are two major approaches to construct the trajectory tracking controller for such nonlinear systems. The first one is based on system inversion (Devasia et al., 1996; Wang & Chen, 2006) and the
2 A globally convergent ES for unrelaxable constraints

In this paper, we extend a class of evolution strategies to handle general constrained optimization problems. The proposed algorithm is based on a merit function approach, where one tries to combine both the objective function and the constraints violation function. While a feasible approach is used to handle unrelaxable constraints, for relaxable constraints our algorithm takes the violation of those constraints into consideration, and tries progressively to decrease it as far as the minimization process advances. The introduced extension guaranties to the regarded class of evolution strategies global convergence properties for first order stationary constraints. Preliminary numerical experiments are carried out on a set of known test problems and on a multidisciplinary design optimization problem.
Influences of Leaf Area Index estimations on water balance modeling in a Mediterranean semi-arid basin

Abstract. In the present work, the role played by vegetation parameters, necessary to the hydrological distributed modeling, is investigated focusing on the correct use of remote sensing products for the evaluation of hydrological losses in the soil water balance. The research was carried out over a medium-sized river basin in Southern Italy, where the vegetation status is characterised through a data-set of multi-temporal NDVI images. The model adopted uses one layer of vegetation whose status is defined by the Leaf Area Index (LAI), which is often obtained from NDVI images. The inherent problem is that the vegetation heterogeneity – including soil disturbances – has a large influence on the spectral bands and so the relation between LAI and NDVI is not unambiguous. We present a rationale for the basin scale calibration of a non-linear NDVI-LAI regression, based on the comparison between NDVI values and literature LAI estimations of the vegetation cover in recognized landscape elements of the study catchment. Adopting a process-based model (DREAM) with a distributed parameterisation, the influence of different NDVI-LAI regression models on main features of water balance predictions is investigated. The results show a significant sensitivity of the hydrological losses and soil water regime to the alternative LAI estimations. These crucially affects the model performances especially in low-flows simulation and in the identification of the intermittent regime.
Associations of partnering transition and socioeconomic status with a four-year change in daily steps among Finnish adults

Aim: The aim of this prospective four-year follow-up study was to examine how socioeconomic status (SES) and change in marital status are associated with the change in pedometer-measured physical activity (PA) in adulthood among participants in the ‘Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study’. Methods: Questionnaires were completed and pedometers worn at baseline in 2007 and again at follow-up in 2011 by 1051 Finnish adults (62.3% female, aged 30–45 years in 2007). A latent change score model was used to examine mean change in daily total steps, aerobic steps and non-aerobic steps during weekdays and weekend days between 2007 and 2011. Results: In women re-coupling or finding a new partner was associated with decrease in total steps (p=0.010) and being single was associated with increase in non-aerobic steps (p=0.047) during weekdays from 2007 to 2011 compared to women who were married. In men, divorcing was associated with decrease in non-aerobic steps (p=0.049). Conclusions: In order to promote PA in the general population of adults, it is recommended to pay attention to people with lower SES and those who have had changes in their marital status. These factors could be taken into account when developing strategies to promote PA among the adult population.
Surgical Success of Dental Implants Placed in Sinus Lift and Non-Sinus Lift Areas in Warfare Victims Presenting to Ghazi Tabatabai Clinic from 2001 to 2008

Objective: Local bone augmentation in the posterior maxilla (sinus lift) before the placement of dental implants has become an acceptable treatment technique in implant dentistry. However, limited documented data are available on the results of this technique and relevant issues in Iran. The present study aimed at evaluating the surgical outcome of sinus lift and implant placement in warfare victims presenting to Ghazi Tabatabai Clinic during 2001-2008. Methods: In this retrospective study, 50 patients that had undergone sinus lift surgery were evaluated. All warfare victims presenting to the clinic who had a medical record and undergone sinus lift treatment were enrolled. Those with incomplete medical files were excluded from the study. The required data were extracted from patients’ medical records and entered into a questionnaire. The mean duration of follow up was 53.32±23.05 months. The surgical success criterion was presence of osseointegrated implants in the oral cavity during the follow up period. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: failed out of which 5 were in the sinus-lift area. Thus, the total success rate, the success rate of implants placed in the sinus lift area and the success rate of those out of the sinus lift area were 96.6%, 93.9% and 98%, respectively. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated high success rates for implants placed in sinus lift and non-sinus lift areas in warfare victims.
Rational Treatment of Exudative AMD : The Case for Standardised Practice : " Know-and-Treat "

*Correspondence: Daniel R. Schlatterer, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wellstar at Atlanta Medical Center, 303 Parkway Dr. NE Atlanta, GA 30312, USA, Fax: 404-2654989; Tel: 404-265-1578; E-mail: Danschlatterer67@gmail.com Received Date: 01 Dec 2016 Accepted Date: 19 Jan 2017 Published Date: 27 Jan 2017 Citation: Schlatterer DR, Alexeev M. Salvage of Bilateral Infected Calcaneal Avulsion Fractures with a Unique Method of Limited Internal Fixation using a Steinman Pin and Wire. Remed Open Access. 2017; 2: 1042. Copyright © 2017 Schlatterer DR. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Published: 27 Jan, 2017
Dog Eat Puppy World : A Review of Juvenile and Filial Cannibalism in the Animal Kingdom

Cannibalism is a widespread behavioural strategy in the animal kingdom, providing many advantages to its subscribers, along with many substantial disadvantages. Most surprising are the benefits of filial cannibalism, i.e. the eating of offspring and close relatives. Here the topic of filial cannibalism is covered in detail, exploring its advantages and disadvantages to male and female parents. While it is found to be a highly beneficial and advantageous method of feeding, providing nutrition when absolutely necessary, it has many deleterious effects. Avoidance of juvenile and filial cannibalism by adults is also reviewed, along with the avoidance of becoming conspecific prey by juveniles.