Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during acute exercise

The physiological changes that occur in the main body systems and organs during physical exercise are well described in the literature. Despite the key role of brain in processing afferent and efferent information from organ systems to coordinate and optimize their functioning, little is known about how the brain works during exercise. The present study investigated tonic and transient oscillatory brain activity during a single bout of aerobic exercise. Twenty young males (19-32 years old) were recruited for two experimental sessions on separate days. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded during a session of cycling at 80% (moderate-to-high intensity) of VO2max (maximum aerobic capacity) while performing an oddball task where participants had to detect infrequent targets presented among frequent non-targets. This was compared to a (baseline) light intensity session (30% VO2max). The light intensity session was included to control for any potential effect of dual-tasking (i.e., pedaling and performing the oddball task). A warm-up and cool down periods were completed before and after exercise, respectively. A cluster-based nonparametric permutations test showed an increase in power across the entire frequency spectrum during the moderate-to-high intensity exercise, with respect to light intensity. Further, we found that the more salient target lead to lower increase in (stimulus-evoked) theta power in the 80% VO2max with respect to the light intensity condition. On the contrary, higher decrease alpha and lower beta power was found for standard trials in the moderate-to-high exercise condition than in the light exercise condition. The present study unveils, for the first time, a complex brain activity pattern during acute exercise (at 80% of maximum aerobic capacity). These findings might help to elucidate the nature of changes that occur in the brain during physical exertion.
Psychological nursing influence on anxiety, depression and life quality of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis

Objective To investigate the influence of psychological nursing on anxiety, depression and quality of life of the patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. Methods One hundred patients with chronic ulcerative colitis in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2015 were selected and randomly divided into control group (n=50) and study group (n=50) according to number random table. The patients in control group accepted the conventional chronic ulcerative colitis treatment and care, while the patients in study group accepted the psychological nursing including targeted psychological counseling and music intervention on the basis of the treatment and care in control group. The curative effect, the scores of Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and SF-36 life quality scale before and after the nursing in the two groups were compared. Results The effective rate in control group was 84.00% and the effective rate in study group was 96.00%. The significant difference was found between them (P<0.05). After the intervention the scores of HAMD and HAMA in control group were (16.76±3.69) and (14.46±1.68), while the scores in study group were (10.28±2.41) and (9.44±1.53) respectively. The score of differences were significant between the two groups (P<0.05). After the nursing the scores of eight dimensional life quality including physiological function, physiological role, body pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional function and mental health in study group were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Psychological nursing including psychological counseling and music relaxes, which is on the basis of the conventional chronic ulcerative colitis treatment and care, is beneficial to improve the curative effects of chronic ulcerative colitis, alleviate adverse psychological states like depression and anxiety and improve life quality. Key words: Psychological nursing; Chronic ulcerative colitis; Anxiety; Depression; Quality of life
Solanum Chemosystematic Aspects: Analysis of Mixed Pathway (Acetate/Shikimate) Special Metabolites

Solanum L. is a large, diverse and important Solanaceae genus, which taxonomy and infrageneric relationships are still unresolved, as well as its evolutionary history. Biosynthesized from the mixed pathway (acetate/shikimate) and considered good systematic markers, flavonoids are widely distributed among plant species, as also in Solanum. Through analysis of flavonoid chemical data, this work aims to study evolutionary polarizations and contribute towards the comprehension of species phylogenetic relationships in the genus. The chemosystematic analysis was conducted through calculation of flavonoids chemical parameters and employing multivariate statistical analysis (factor analysis). Chemical data survey led to the identification of 479 metabolites from the mixed pathway. The results obtained demonstrate Solanum species prefer to biosynthesize hydroxylflavonoids. However, when oxy-groups are protected, choose O-glycosylflavonoids rather than O-methylflavonoids. The chemometric analysis showed derivation of eight Leptostemonum species, clearly separated from the rest of Solanum due to O-methylation. This feature suggests a possible advancement of Leptostemonum species. At last, considering this preliminary analysis, it was possible to identify remarkable trends in flavonoid evolution in Solanum species.
Study of Combining Ability and Nature of Gene Action for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) belongs to the family gramineae. It is a selfpollinated, allohexaploid species (2n = 6x = 42), having the genome AABBDD. Therefore, three genomes designated as A, B and D were involved in its evolution (Morris and Sears, 1967). It combines the genomes of three diploid ancestrals, Triticum urartu (red wild einkorn, 2n = 14, AA), Aegilops speltoides (goat grass, 2n = 14, BB) and Aegilops tauschii (Tausch’s goat grass, 2n = 14, DD). Bread wheat has been cultivated for more than 10,000 years (Poehlman and Sleeper, 1995) and it is the most important food crop of the world and having viscoelastic properties of the endosperm’s gluten protein. Wheat is the most extensively cultivated cereal crop and served as the principal food in most areas of the world and also occupies eminent position in Indian agriculture after rice. In India, the production of wheat was 93.50 million tonnes from an area of 30.23 million hectares with 3093 kg/ha productivity during 2015-16. The major wheat producing states in India are Uttar Pradesh (26.9 million tonne), Punjab (16.11 million tonne) and Haryana (11.14 million tonne) (Anonymous, 2015-16) but continuously increasing population has been a challenge for agricultural scientists. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 3562-3573 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
The production of food-grade protein isolates from yellow mustard seed by solvent extraction and membrane processng techniques

A processing scheme developed for the production of canola protein isolates was modified for yellow mustard. The optimized process consists of alkaline extraction of protein from MeOH/NH3/H20 treated hexane-defatted yellow mustard meal, isoelectric precipitation, ultrafiltration and diafiltration of the remaining solution and freeze-drying. The process was reproducible and yielded two protein isolates and a meal residue with protein recoveries of 7 1% and 2 1 % respectively based on the treated defatted meal. The precipitated protein isolate had 98% protein and a bland taste and the soluble protein isolate contained 86% protein with slightly astringent taste. Both isolates were free of glucosinolates, low in phytates and very light in color. They are suitable for human consumption. The meal residue contained approximately 20% protein and was fkee of glucosinolates. It can be used as animal feed, or a low-grade food ingredient. The process developed here promises to be economical due to the high protein recovery.
Age-related decline in behavioral discrimination of amplitude modulation frequencies compared to envelope-following responses

The ability to discriminate modulation frequencies is important for speech intelligibility because speech has amplitude and frequency modulations. Neurophysiological responses assessed by envelope following responses (EFRs) significantly decline at faster amplitude modulation frequencies (AMF) in older subjects. A typical assumption is that a decline in EFRs will necessarily result in corresponding perceptual deficits. To test this assumption, we investigated young and aged Fischer-344 rats’ behavioral AMF discrimination abilities and compared to their EFRs. A modified version of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex (ASR) was used to obtain behavioral performance. A PPI trial contains pulses of sinusoidal AM (SAM) at 128 Hz presented sequentially, a SAM prepulse with different AMF and a startle-eliciting-stimulus. To account for hearing threshold shift or age-related synaptopathy, stimulus levels were presented at 10-dB lower or match to the aged peripheral neural activation (using auditory brainstem response wave I amplitude). When AMF differences and modulation depths were large, young and aged animals’ behavioral performances were comparable. Aged animals’ AMF discrimination abilities declined as the AMF difference or the modulation depth reduced, even compared to the young with peripheral matching. Young animals showed smaller relative decreases in EFRs with reduced modulation depths. The correlation of EFRs and AM perception was identified to be more consistent in young animals. The overall results revealed larger age-related deficits in behavioral perception compared to EFRs, suggesting additional factors that affect perception despite smaller degradation in neural responses. Hence, behavioral and physiological measurements are critical in unveiling a more complete picture on the auditory function.
Fruit selection of a binturong (Arctictis binturong) by focal animal sampling in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo

Abstract We investigated fruit selection of a radio-collared female binturong (Arctictis binturong pageli Schwarz, 1911) by focal animal sampling in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. We recorded seven food species from 12 feeding trees over 16 months. The radio-collared binturong fed only ripe fig fruits (Ficus spp., Moraceae), suggesting that her diet largely depended on figs. As the present study was based on only one female individual, more efforts are needed to elucidate the feeding ecology of this cryptic carnivore.
Reduction of Hordein Content in Beer by Applying Prolyl Endoprotease to the Malting Process

Barley malt contains hordein proteins, which gluten-sensitive consumers cannot tolerate. Beer produced from barley malt also contains hordeins. Aspergillus niger prolyl endoprotease (AN-PEP) is an enzyme that has been used effectively to reduce beer hordeins during fermentation. The objective of this study was to apply AN-PEP during the steeping and germination of barley and evaluate the impact on malt quality characteristics and the hordein content of model beers. Pilot-scale malting trials were performed, and the barley was germinated for either 3 or 5 days with and without AN-PEP. Model beers were produced from malts, and the levels of beer hordeins were tested using an R5 antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The malt friability, extract, viscosity, and several other quality parameters were measured following industry-standard MEBAK methods. Treatment of malt with AN-PEP for 5 days resulted in a 46% reduction in beer hordeins compared with beer produced from the 5 day control malt, and the quality of the AN-PEP treated malt was comparable to untreated malt. Applying enzymes to germinating grain is a novel way to influence the levels of hordeins in barley malt beers.
In vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Fresh Garlic Juice (Allium sativum L.) Cultivated in Sudan

Garlic pulp is a very important spice with many therapeutic properties, well known all over the world. Â The Sudanese garlic has strong odour compared to other imported varieties and studies on it are scant. Â The in vitro antibacterial investigation using disc-diffusion method revealed that garlic has effective antibacterial activity against most tested bacteria and it was a competitor to the antibiotic (Chloramphenicol). However, its efficacy was much higher against the gram-positive bacteria. The highest susceptible gram-positive bacteria was Staphylococcus epidermidis (27.5Â±4.5mm), followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (20.5Â±0.5), Staphylococcus aureus (20.5Â±0.5mm), Bacillus cereus (18.5Â±0.5mm) and Streptococcus pneumonia (15.0Â±1.0mm), respectively. While, the most susceptible gram-negative bacteria was Escherichia coli (14.0Â±0.0mm) and Shigella flexsneri (14.0Â±1.0mm), followed by Proteus vulgaris (12.5Â±0.5mm), and Klebsiella pneumonia (10.0Â±1.0mm), respectively. Â Only Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not show any susceptibility toward garlic juice. Â The use of fresh garlic pulp in the daily dietary habits, particularly in developing countries, unhygienic areas and rural cantons, may lead to minimizing the probability of spread of bacterial diseases in these areas. Â
Recapture rates and habitat associations of White-faced Darter Leucorhinnia dubia on Fenn’s and Whixall Moss, Shropshire, UK

Land-use change and habitat loss are important drivers of biodiversity decline at both global and local scales. To protect species from the impacts of land-use change it is important to understand the population dynamics and habitat associations across these scales. Here we present an investigation into the survival and habitat preferences of White-faced Darter (Leucorrhinia dubia) at the local scale at Fenn’s and Whixall Moss, Shropshire, UK. We used capture-mark-recapture methods to investigate survival and used sightings of individual dragonflies along with habitat data to investigate habitat preference. We found that survival between capture-visits was very low and that White-faced Darter show a clear preference for the open moss habitat on this site. In both cases, we found that the detectability either through sightings or recaptures was potentially very low and suggest that this should be taken into account in future analyses. We suggest that this could be achieved by encouraging recorders to submit complete lists and to repeat visits to sites.
Allosteric effects in a catalytically impaired variant of the enzyme Cyclophilin A are unrelated to millisecond time scale motions

Robust catalyst design requires clear understanding of the mechanisms by which molecular motions influence catalysis. This work investigates the connection between molecular motions and catalysis for the much debated enzyme Cyclophilin A (CypA) in wild-type (WT) form, and a variant that features a distal serine to threonine (S99T) mutation. Previous biophysical studies have proposed that conformational exchange between a ‘major’ active and a ‘minor’ inactive state on millisecond timescales plays a key role in catalysis. Here this hypothesis was addressed with molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The simulations reproduce well NMR-derived measurements of changes of activation barriers for the cis/trans amide group isomerization of a model substrate, and support X-ray crystallography derived evidence for a shift in populations of major and minor active site conformations between the wild-type and S99T mutant forms. Strikingly, exchange between major and minor active site conformations occurs at a rate that is 5 to 6 orders of magnitude faster than previously proposed. Further analyses indicate that the decreased catalytic activity of the S99T mutant is a result of weakened hydrogen bonding interactions between the substrate and several active site residues in the transition state ensemble. Weakened hydrogen bonding interactions in the S99T mutant are due to an overall increase in fast positional fluctuations of active site residues caused by poorer packing of sidechains. Therefore the previously described millisecond time scale coupled motions are not necessary to explain allosteric effects in the S99T Cyclophilin A mutant.
The Natural Pigments in Pigmented Rice Bran and Their Relation to Human Health: A Literature Review

Carotenoids and polyphenols are the natural pigments which are distributed to the pigmented rice bran. These pigments can prevent chronic disorders related to oxidative stress and antioxidant properties. This article focuses on carotenoids and polyphenols as ones among the natural pigments. Carotenoids and polyphenols exert an antioxidant property and anti-inflammatory agents; enhance immune responses and prevent Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). In combination with protein and dietary fiber, the bioavailability of carotenoids decreases in gastrointestinal tract. The inefficient absorption of anthocyanins in the small intestine resulted from unstability of the physiochemical pH and the degradation of anthocyanins in the small intestine. These have led to low bioavailability of anthocyanins.
Detection and Surveillance of Harmful Algal Bloom Species and Toxins

The ability to mitigate the adverse impacts of harmful algal blooms (HAB) on humans, wildlife, fisheries, and ecosystems, as well as to identify the environmental factors driving HAB population growth and toxicity, is based largely on early detection of causative organisms and their toxins. This chapter explores a wide range of organism and toxin detection methods and technologies. It describes the fundamental principles of operation/conduct. It outlines the prospects for future advances in bloom and toxin detection/surveillance capabilities. Molecular methods used to detect organisms are potentially faster and more accurate than light microscopy (LM) methods. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal antibodies have been used to detect cultured and field‐collected cells of a wide variety of harmful algae. Immunoassays are based on antibodies recognizing and binding to one or more epitopes or antigenic determinants on a toxin molecule. The Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay, ELISA has been the format of choice for most commercial algal toxin detection kits.
Impulsive Purchasing via Online Shopee of the Millennials: A Study in a Private University in Medan

This study presents a concise understanding of the impulsive purchasing behavior via online Shopee of the Millennials. Indonesia has entered the Industry 4.0 era that is marked by the evolving of a number of ecommerce sites and online shopping’s. The evolved online shopping’s directly influences the Millennials’ perspective on market-shopping activities. The Millennials prefer to make online purchasing’s rather than the conventional ones. In this study, the phenomenon of impulsive purchasing via online Shopee was quantitatively analyzed using a correlational approach of Pearson Product Moment. The data was taken from 97 Millennials from a private university in Medan. It was found that the impulsive purchasing of Millennials was as consequences of lack of purchasing decision, Millennial’s mindset and hedonic shopping
Fungal infection causes changes in the number, morphology and spreading ability of Galleria mellonella haemocytes

The most effective and important strategy in the insect immune response is based on cellular reactions incorporating haemocytes. The present study uses Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a host to study the pathogenesis caused by the entomopthoralean fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales). Five types of haemocytes with different morphologies and behaviour are observed in the haemolymph of G. mellonella: granulocytes (GRs), plasmatocytes (PLs), spherulocytes (SPs), oenocytes (OEs) and prohaemocytes (PRs). During in vitro cultivation, three morphological subtypes of PLs are distinguished: flattened PLs, sun‐like PLs and oval PLs. In fresh smears of haemolymph observed under phase‐contrast microscopy, only flattened PLs are identified. No morphological changes are observed between fresh smears and in vitro cultures for GR, OE, SP and PR. Haemocytes cultured in vitro form a cellular network composed of PLs and GRs. Changes in the numbers, morphology and behaviour of haemocytes induced by fungal infection are compared with those observed in normally‐developing untreated larvae. Infection results in a significant drop in the number of haemocyte types. Fresh smears of haemocytes from mycosed larvae reveal malformed OEs, vacuolized PLs and GRs, as well as PLs with apoptotic blebs. Haemocytes from mycosed larvae incubated in vitro look similar, with degranulated GRs and vacuolized PLs forming microaggregations, as well as deformed OEs; only the SPs remain unharmed. Fungal infection impairs the ability of haemocytes to attach and spread on the culture dish. The actin cytoskeleton of haemocytes from mycosed larvae appear disorganized.
Legislation of honey criteria and standards

Differences between European legislation and revised Codex Alimentarius standards exist, and refer to the definition, the claim of the country of origin, honey of low enzymes and the adoption of Baker’s honey. Furthermore, different countries maintain dated quality criteria that do not coincide with the provisions of Codex or EU directives. The parameters that vary are mainly the moisture content, HMF, diastase activity, electrical conductivity, sugars and the microscopical justification. The necessity to adopt national rules is imposed mainly by the absence of provisions regarding the characteristics of monofloral honey, the declaration of the geographical origin of the product, the natural deviation of different types of honey and the quality rating of domestic honey. To address the problem that exists in international legislation regarding honey, we propose adopting minimum requirements as mandatory for all countries that produce, import or export honey.
Barriers to sEMG Assessment During Overground Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Subacute Stroke Patients

Background: The limitation to the use of ElectroMyoGraphy (sEMG) in rehabilitation services is in contrast with its potential diagnostic capacity for rational planning and monitoring of the rehabilitation treatments, especially the overground Robot-Assisted Gait Training (o-RAGT). Objective: To assess the barriers to the implementation of a sEMG-based assessment protocol in a clinical context for evaluating the effects of o-RAGT in subacute stroke patients. Methods: An observational study was conducted in a rehabilitation hospital. The primary outcome was the success rate of the implementation of the sEMG-based assessment. The number of dropouts and the motivations have been registered. A detailed report on difficulties in implementing the sEMG protocol has been edited for each patient. The educational level and the working status of the staff have been registered. Each member of staff completed a brief survey indicating their level of knowledge of sEMG, using a five-point Likert scale. Results: The sEMG protocol was carried out by a multidisciplinary team composed of Physical Therapists (PTs) and Biomedical Engineers (BEs). Indeed, the educational level and the expertise of the members of staff influenced the fulfillment of the implementation of the study. The PTs involved in the study did not receive any formal education on sEMG during their course of study. The low success rate (22.7%) of the protocol was caused by several factors which could be grouped in: patient-related barriers; cultural barriers; technical barriers; and administrative barriers. Conclusions: Since a series of barriers limited the use of sEMG in the clinical rehabilitative environment, concrete actions are needed for disseminating sEMG in rehabilitation services. The sEMG assessment should be included in health systems regulations and specific education should be part of the rehabilitation professionals' curriculum. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials. gov, identifier: NCT03395717.