Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical and Quantum Electronics 12 ( 1980 ) 259-268 Detuning effects of FM mode-locking in atmospheric CO 2 lasers

We describe a study of the detuning of the intracavity FM modulation of the homogeneously broadened laser applied to CO2 systems. The analysis is done by working in the frequency domain and by describing the field in terms of discrete amplitudes and phases. The coupled mode equations are solved for modulation frequencies near the axial mode-separation frequency. The asymmetry of the mode-locking behaviour due to the dispersive behaviour of the active medium is verified experimentally. We have measured both the pulse and the phase shift of the pulse with respect to the modulation signal as a function of detuning. The experimental results show clearly the asymmetry with detuning, in agreement with theory.
Dynamic Parameters Ant Colony Algorithm with Particle Swarm Characteristic

To improve the convergence time of Ant Colony Algorithm, avoid falling in local best and enhance the quality of solution, a novel dynamic parameters ant colony algorithm with particle swarm characteristics is proposed. Learning the multi-information instruction characteristic of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, the global pheromone update rule with particle swarm characteristic is introduced to improve the directive function of pheromone and the speed of convergence. At the same time, solution multiplicity is guaranteed as far as possible. Using the function of current condition to update particle speed and position, parameters of Ant Colony Algorithm is used to reflect the current condition. Hyperbola Tangent function is imported to dynamic adjust parameters so that the relation between local search and global search could be balanced. Comparing with basic Ant Colony Algorithm, the simulation result on TSP shows that new algorithm has higher convergence speed and better solution.
Effects of Nd in NdxIn1-xO3 Semiconductors for Thin-Film Transistors

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) with neodymium-substituted indium oxide [NdxIn1-xO3 (NIO)] semiconductor were fabricated. It was found that NIO films with higher annealing temperature have higher film quality and higher mobility; and NIO films with higher Nd concentration have higher coordination number of In, indicating fewer oxygen vacancies and lower free carrier density. TFTs with different Nd concentration exhibited good electrical stability under positive gate-bias stress, but the ones with lower Nd concentration (5%) displayed much poorer stability under negative gate-bias stress (NBS) compared with those with higher Nd concentration (15% and 25%). Detailed studies showed that the charge transfer satellite with the electron configuration of INd3d5/25 4f4O2p-1), which originates from the O2p → Nd4 f charge transfer process, was the main reason for poor NBS stability for TFTs with 5% Nd, because it favored a 4fn+1/4fn couple formation, resulting in the formation of donor/acceptor states, which will affect the electrical stability.
L'emploi dans la fonction publique en Auvergne en 2011

Fin 2011, 118 900 salaries auvergnats travaillent dans l’un des trois versants de la fonction publique. Celle-ci est tres presente en Auvergne, notamment dans le versant hospitalier. Dans l’Allier, le nombre d’emplois publics hospitaliers par habitant est l’un des plus eleves de France metropolitaine. En Auvergne comme au niveau metropolitain, 15 % des agents ont 55 ans ou plus et trois sur dix sont cadres.
Effect of Electroporation-Mediated Transfecting Recombinant Plasmid pIRES-hBMP2-hVEGF165 on Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

AbstractDistraction osteogenesis requires a long consolidation period and has a low but real failure rate. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) accelerate bone deposition in fractures and critical-sized bone defects. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a promising reagent for inducing angiogenesis, and is an essential coordinator of extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and bone formation in the growth plate. However, their effects on mandibular distraction osteogenesis are unknown. We investigated the effect of local delivery of plasmid pIRES-hBMP-2-hVEGF165 into a distraction area by electroporation-mediated approach.A New Zealand rabbit model were used. Activation of the device was commenced after 3 days of latency period and proceeded at the rate of 0.8 mm per day for 7 days. After the completion of activation, the rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: group A: recombinant plasmid 2 &mgr;g (0.1 &mgr;g/&mgr;L) pIRES-hVEGF165-hBMP2 was injected into the distraction area after the completion of activation; group B: recombinant plasmid pIRES-hBMP2 was injected into the distraction area; group C: recombinant plasmid pIRES-hVEGF165 was injected into the distraction area; group D: pIRES was injected into the distraction area, and group E: normal saline was injected into the distraction area. After injection every group used electroporation. Subsequently, the rabbits were examined by quantitative computed tomography, mechanical testing, and histomorphometric analysis.BMD of newly formed bone of the distraction area in groups A, B, and C were remarkably higher than those of groups D and E at different times (P < 0.001). At 4 and 8 weeks of consolidation, the crushing strength of 3 points of the newly formed bone in group A was remarkably higher than those of groups B, C, D, and E (P < 0.01). The results demonstrated statistically remarkable increase in regenerated bone in the gene-transfected groups.Electroporation-mediated transfecting recombinant plasmid pIRES-hVEGF165-hBMP2 could produce a satisfactory proceeding of osteogenesis and calcification, which surpassed that of the control group. This finding indicates that a combination of VEGF and BMP may make osteogenesis and angiogenesis appear at the same time. Furthermore, it may magnify the effect of single growth factor, and promote growth and reparative process of bone.
Bladder Tumor Contains Higher N7-Methylguanine Levels in DNA than Adjacent Normal Bladder Epithelium

Schistosoma haematobium–infected patients are more likely to develop bladder cancer and be more exposed to carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds than uninfected patients. As N7-methylguanine is a marker of exposure to methylating agents of this type, we have measured N7-methyldeoxyguanosine 3′-monophosphate (N7-MedGp) by 32P postlabeling. DNA was isolated from 42 paired normal and tumor tissue of Egyptians with bladder cancer. N7-MedGp was detected in DNA from 93% of the tumors and 74% of the normal bladder tissue samples. Adduct levels were highly variable and ranged from 0.04 to 6.4 and from 0.02 to 0.72 μmol/mol deoxyguanosine 3′-monophosphate (dGp) in tumor and normal DNA, respectively. N7-MedGp levels in normal and tumor DNA were highly correlated with one another (P = 0.007). The mean difference (95% confidence interval) in adduct levels between tumor and normal DNA was 0.21 (0.13-0.32) μmol/mol dGp and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The adduct ratio (tumor DNA/normal DNA) varied between 0.2 and 136 (median, 4.6). N7-MedGp levels were not associated with gender, age, or the presence of schistosomiasis. However, lower N7-MedGp levels were found in normal DNA from individuals lacking the GSTM1 gene (P = 0.03) but not the GSTT1 gene or in subjects with the Ile105Val GSTP1 polymorphism. These results show that exposure to methylating agents is widespread and suggest that such exposure may play a role both in tumor initiation and progression. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(4):740–3)
Eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische und mikrobiologische Studie zum Vorkommen von Mutans-Streptokokken, Laktobazillen und Hefen im kariösen Dentin von Kindern mit frühkindlicher Karies

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die rasterelektronenmikroskopische Darstellung der massiv mit Mikroorganismen besiedelten kariosen Lasionen extrahierter Zahne von Kindern mit fruhkindlicher Karies und der kulturelle Nachweis der Keime. Dabei stand die Haufigkeit des Vorkommens von Mutans-Streptokokken, Laktobazillen und Hefen im Vordergrund. 11 Kinder zwischen zwei und funf Jahren, die ambulant und unter Intubationsnarkose behandelt wurden, konnten in die Studie einbezogen werden. Insgesamt wurden 41 zerstorte Milchzahne extrahiert; 33 dieser Zahne wurden rasterelektronenmikroskopisch bei Vergroserungsstufen zwischen 100- und 10.000-fach betrachtet. Von funf der 33 Zahne wurde zusatzlich karioses Dentin mikrobiologisch aufgearbeitet, um durch positive Kulturnachweise von Mutans-Streptokokken, Laktobazillen und Hefen die rasterelektronenmikroskopischen Befunde zu sichern. Am haufigsten mussten die oberen mittleren Milchschneidezahne, gefolgt von den oberen seitlichen Milchschneidezahnen, extrahiert werden. Weniger haufig waren die oberen und unteren Milchmolaren betroffen. Die unteren Milchschneidezahnen und Eckzahne des Ober- und Unterkiefers der Kinder konnten in jedem Fall erhalten werden. Rasterelektronenmikroskopisch waren die kariosen Milchzahne massiv mikrobiell besiedelt. Mutans-Streptokokken und Laktobazillen waren in nahezu jeder Kavitat zu finden (94 % und 97 %). Hefen kamen in 48,5 % der Falle vor. Dabei konnten Hefen nur im kariosen Dentin der Zahne im Oberkiefer nachgewiesen werden. Unsanierte Zahne stellen ein allgemeines Gesundheitsrisiko dar, das insbesondere fur kleine Kinder von Bedeutung ist. Aus diesen Grunden mussen kariose Milchzahne saniert werden, um die Mundgesundheit wiederherzustellen und die allgemeine Gesundheit des Kindes zu gewahrleisten.
Renin, Angiotensin, and Norepinephrine in Alloxan Diabetes

The renin-angiotensin system and catecholamines were evaluated in short term alloxan diabetic rats which were either “severely diabetic” (polyuric with serum glucose > 450 mg. per 100 ml.) or “mildly diabetic” (normouric with serum glucose <450 mg. per 100 ml.). Plasma renin activity (PRA), renal renin activity (RRA), and the amount of angiotensin II producing an acute 10 mm Hg increase in blood pressure were all significantly decreased in the diabetic rats with this decrease correlating inversely with the severity of the diabetes. Insulin treatment of these rats resulted in partial normalization of angiotensin II responsiveness, PRA, and blood urea nitrogen. Injection of alloxan directly into the left renal artery did not decrease RRA. Protection of the left kidney during systemic alloxan injection did not prevent the decrease in renal renin activity. Streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats had increased vascular responsiveness to injected angiotensin II. Norepinephrine sensitivity (amount producing a 10 mm Hg increase in blood pressure) and norepinephrine stores (blood pressure response to tyramine) were normal in both alloxan- and streptozotocin-treated rats. Blood volume as related to lean body mass was elevated in the severely diabetic rats thus suggesting one possible mechanism for the decrease in the renin-angiotensin system. These results suggest that (1) norepinephrine responsiveness and norepinephrine stores are normal, and (2) there is suppression of RRA leading to decreased PRA and increased vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in the acutely diabetic alloxan-treated rat. Further, these abnormalities appear to be related to the degree of diabetes as assessed by serum glucose and twenty-four hour urine volume.
Functional significance of S6K overexpression in meningioma progression

One common genetic change in anaplastic meningiomas is amplification of chromosome 17q23 containing the S6 kinase (S6K) gene. We show, for the first time to our knowledge, increased S6K mRNA expression in anaplastic meningiomas compared with benign tumors. To evaluate S6K as a candidate meningioma progression gene, we generated IOMM‐Lee human meningioma cell lines overexpressing S6K. Whereas no effect of S6K overexpression on meningioma cell growth, motility, or adhesion was observed in vitro, S6K overexpression resulted in increased tumor size in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that S6K is functionally important for meningioma progression and may represent a target for future meningioma therapy. Ann Neurol 2004
Linking information technology to global business strategy to gain competitive advantage: an integrative model

While information technology has been recognized as critically important for supporting global business strategy, the contingent relationships between salient dimensions of an information technology and key sources of competitive advantage have not been systematically explicated and discussed in the literature. Instead, a universal view of the role of information technology in developing competitive advantage for a firm is often adopted. Taking a contingency perspective, this paper more systematically examines the links among global business strategies, global information technologies (GIT) and competitive advantage within an integrative framework. Additionally, the issue of sustainability of GIT-based competitive advantages is addressed using the conceptual tool kits of the I/O (industrial organization)-based and resource-based theories of strategic management. The proposed conceptual model provides an encompassing framework for future research on the increasingly important topic of global information technology and its potential to generate competitive advantage for firms.
Adaptive online estimation of time-varying parameter nonlinear systems

This paper addresses adaptive online estimation of time-varying parameters for a class of linearly parameterized nonlinear systems. By dividing time into small intervals, polynomials with unknown coefficients are adopted to approximate time-varying parameters within each local interval. Then a novel adaptive law for parameter estimation is developed to estimate the unknown constant coefficients of polynomials, for which the parameter estimation error is explicitly derived in terms of filter operations and used to drive the adaptations. A resetting scheme is used at the beginning of each time interval to guarantee the continuity of parameter estimation. The error convergence and the robustness against bounded external disturbances are all proved. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for time-varying parameters.
THE EVOLUTIONARY MODIFICATION OF GENETIC PHENOMENA

The title chosen for our discussion is "Contributions of genetics to the theory of evolution," and that these contributions are of two kinds, somewhat sharply contrasted, is well illustrated by comparing HALDANE'S subject, "Can evolution be explained in terms of present known genetical causes ? " with the heading under which I chose to speak, "The evolutionary modification of genetic phenomena. " My own address might equally well have been entitled, "Can genetical phenomena be explained in terms of known evolutionary causes ? " The one approach, as you perceive, is analytic and deductive. Genetic studies are regarded as revealing the mechanism connecting cause and effect, from a knowledge of which the workings of the machine can be deduced and the course of evolutionary change inferred. The other approach is inductive and statistical; genetics supplies the facts as to living things as they now are, facts which, like the living things in which they occur, have an evolutionary history and may be capable of an evolutionary explanation, facts which are not immutable laws of the workings of things but which might have been different had evolutionary history taken a different course. I can only discuss a small portion of the subject. Genetic phenomena concerning the chromosomal organization, such as the male haploidy of the social hymenoptera, as SNELL has suggested in an illuminating paper recently published in the American Naturalist, may have an adaptive significance; and I think we may look forward with confidence, as the facts become better and more systematically known, to discovering the significance of such phenomena as male linkage in Drosophila, and of the marvelously intricate chromosomal mechanism which is being unraveled by METZ in Sciara. The only two phenomena I can attempt to touch upon are those of dominance and linkage; and on these I can only put before you a selection of the facts (many of which I owe to the kindness during the last few days of other members of this congress) which seem to me to supply a good deal of light and guidance in forming an interpretation of the general body of genetic facts. As I am a mathematician by trade perhaps I should explain that I shall use no mathematics, partly because I recognize that the first duty of a mathematician, rather like that of a lion tamer, is to keep his mathematics in their place, but chiefly because I think that mathematics, though well fitted to elucidate detailed points of special intricacy, are after all only a special means of carrying out reasoning processes common to all scientific work,
The Role of Driving Energy and Delocalized States for Charge Separation in Organic Semiconductors

Bands That Separate In organic photovoltaic devices, the charge carriers that form at the interface between donor and acceptor layers—the electrons and holes—form bound states called excitons. Efficient current generation requires some mechanism for their separation and for the movement of free carriers to the electrodes. Bakulin et al. (p. 1340, published online 23 February) studied a process in which the excitons created with an optical pulse were also subjected to infrared pulses. In polymer-blend devices, a three-step process was observed: The boundstate excitons diffused toward the donor-acceptor interface, formed a charge-transfer state, and then dissociated into free carriers. Bound excited charge carriers achieve long-range separation by promotion to delocalized band states. The electron-hole pair created via photon absorption in organic photoconversion systems must overcome the Coulomb attraction to achieve long-range charge separation. We show that this process is facilitated through the formation of excited, delocalized band states. In our experiments on organic photovoltaic cells, these states were accessed for a short time (<1 picosecond) via infrared (IR) optical excitation of electron-hole pairs bound at the heterojunction. Atomistic modeling showed that the IR photons promote bound charge pairs to delocalized band states, similar to those formed just after singlet exciton dissociation, which indicates that such states act as the gateway for charge separation. Our results suggest that charge separation in efficient organic photoconversion systems occurs through hot-state charge delocalization rather than energy-gradient–driven intermolecular hopping.
NSAID is inversely associated with asymptomatic gastric ulcer: Local health examination data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation

Abstract Background. Silent peptic ulcer has been considered to be associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The recent studies have reported no relationship between them. Aim. We attempted to investigate an association between asymptomatic peptic ulcer and NSAID in Korean adults. Methods. The subjects were enrolled from participants visiting Myongji Hospital for health examination program of the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. The questionnaires were designed to investigate individual medical information and gastroduodenal symptoms. Results. From May 2005 to March 2009, 5459 participants were enrolled and 299 participants were excluded. Of 5160 participants, 3144 (60.9%) participants were asymptomatic and 424 (8.2%) participants had peptic ulcer. Among 3144 asymptomatic participants, NSAID-taking participants had the odds ratio of 1.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7–2.6, p = 0.339] for the risk of peptic ulcer. Among 424 peptic ulcer patients, 247 (58.3%) were asymptomatic. They had lower prevalence of NSAID use (4.9% vs. 14.7%). The asymptomatic gastric ulcer patients had smaller size and more frequent healing stage than the symptomatic gastric ulcer patients. In multivariable analysis of 424 peptic ulcer patients, NSAID patients had the odds ratio of 0.249 (95%CI: 0.115–0.536, p < 0.05) for asymptomatic peptic ulcer. In subgroup analysis of 284 gastric ulcer patients, NSAID-taking patients had the odds ratio of 0.263 (95% CI: 0.105–0.657, p = 0.004) for asymptomatic peptic ulcer. Conclusion. NSAID has an inverse association with asymptomatic patients with gastric peptic ulcer, but has no association with gastroduodenal symptoms in duodenal ulcer patients. These suggest that NSAID may be associated with gastroduodenal symptoms rather than masking symptoms, at least in gastric ulcer patients.
In vivo induction of P‐glycoprotein expression at the mouse blood–brain barrier: an intracerebral microdialysis study

Intracerebral microdialysis was utilized to investigate the effect of P‐glycoprotein (a drug efflux transporter) induction at the mouse blood–brain barrier (BBB) on brain extracellular fluid concentrations of quinidine, an established substrate of P‐glycoprotein. Induction was achieved by treating male CD‐1 mice for 3 days with 5 mg/kg/day dexamethasone (DEX), a ligand of the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor, and a P‐glycoprotein inducer. Tandem liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method was used to quantify analytes in dialysate, blood and plasma. P‐glycoprotein, pregnane X receptor and Cyp3a11 (metabolizing enzyme for quinidine) protein expression in capillaries and brain homogenates was measured by immunoblot analysis. Following quinidine i.v. administration, the average ratio of unbound quinidine concentrations in brain extracellular fluid (determined from dialysate samples) to plasma at steady state (375–495 min) or Kp, uu, ECF/Plasma in the DEX‐treated animals was 2.5‐fold lower compared with vehicle‐treated animals. In DEX‐treated animals, P‐glycoprotein expression in brain capillaries was 1.5‐fold higher compared with vehicle‐treated animals while Cyp3a11 expression in brain capillaries was not significantly different between the two groups. These data demonstrate that P‐gp induction mediated by DEX at the BBB can significantly reduce quinidine brain extracellular fluid concentrations by decreasing its brain permeability and further suggest that drug–drug interactions as a result of P‐gp induction at the BBB are possible.
Centrifugation of Rickettsiae and Viruses Onto Cells and Its Effect on Infection

Summary A method for effective inoculation of cultured cells with some rickettsiae and larger viruses is described. Chick embryo entodermal cell monolayers were prepared either in standard screw-cap tubes or, when microscopic examination was required, in flat-bottomed tubes containing 12 mm round coverslips. Following addition of inoculum diluted in fresh nutrient, the tubes were centrifuged horizontally at 1600-1800 g for 1 hour at 20°C. By this procedure infection of cells with Rickettsia prowazekii was greatly enhanced (about 10,000-fold) over that obtained in stationary tubes, and susceptibility of entodermal cells appeared to be as great in centrifuged tubes as in intact embryo. Good enhancement was also obtained with psittacosis (about 100-fold) and trachoma (at least 10-fold) viruses and moderate enhancement with Coxiella burnetii. The same procedure was successfully used to enhance infection of cells from human skin cell line (HuS 2806) with psittacosis virus.