Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalies of Meridional Overturning: Mechanisms in the North Atlantic

Abstract Optimal observations are used to investigate the overturning streamfunction in the North Atlantic at 30°N and 900-m depth. Those observations are designed to impact the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in numerical models maximally when assimilated and therefore establish the most efficient observation network for studying changes in the MOC. They are also ideally suited for studying the related physical mechanisms in a general circulation model. Optimal observations are evaluated here in the framework of a global 1° model over a 10-yr period. Hydrographic observations useful to monitor the MOC are primarily located along the western boundary north of 30°N and along the eastern boundary south of 30°N. Additional locations are in the Labrador, Irminger, and Iberian Seas. On time scales of less than a year, variations in MOC are mainly wind driven and are made up through changes in Ekman transport and coastal up- and downwelling. Only a small fraction is buoyancy driven and constitutes a sl.
Reliable and Secure Classification Techniques for Spotting Malware in Mobile

: Nowadays there are many advanced techniques to hide from static and dynamic analysis tools in mobile. To get rid of this when attacking a mobile device an effective approach is required for the diagnosis of the application. In current approach to evaluate android app use of only simple code and pattern. The hacker can override this combination of diagnosis of pattern, as a result which may infect the device with the malware. This paper introduce approach which is using various techniques like patterns, flow based, behaviour based, state based and do analysis of each individual data by its associated specialized algorithms. The results obtained are fused to get the final results of that application. This paper aims to find malware using multi-classification technique. The algorithms will be used are Call Graph Based Classification, Neural network based Classification, and Naive Byes Based Classification. Experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach to detect the malware.
Performance analysis for transmission in phantom systems in corporate environments

The need for high bit rates in corporate systems environments is a crescent demand in the world. It has been researched in hybrid networks new technologies using cooperbased system. The G.fast uses short cables to reach aggregate rates up to 2 Gbps on band up to 212MHZ. In this paper we will analyze the aggregate rate and the symbols distortions in short CAT7 and CAT5e cables when phantom mode transmission is used. It will be seen the aggregate rate increases over 12 Gbps and the phantom mode does not affect the differential mode when vectoring is applied. Keywords—Phantom mode, aggregate rate, vectoring, EVM.
The Effect of Food and Beverage Prices on Children's Weights

One factor that may be important in explaining rising childhood obesity is food prices. This report explores the effect of food prices on children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K) and the Quarterly Food-at-Home Price Database. On average, higher prices for soda, 100 percent juices, starchy vegetables, and sweet snacks are associated with lower BMIs among children. In addition, lower prices for dark green vegetables and lowfat milk are associated with reduced BMI. The effect of subsidizing healthy food may be just as large as raising prices of less healthy foods.
FMER: An Energy-Efficient Error Recovery Methodology for SRAM-Based FPGA Designs

This paper introduces frame- and module-based configuration memory error recovery (FMER), that is, a FMER technique targeting triple modular redundant (TMR) designs that are realized on SRAM-based FPGAs. Module-based configuration memory (CM) error recovery (MER) is used to reconfigure on demand the CM of faulty TMR modules, whereas the remaining CM of the device recovers from soft errors with periodic scrubbing. We derive reliability, availability, and power consumption models of TMR designs that incorporate FMER, MER, blind scrubbing, and no recovery at all, and show that FMER is particularly beneficial for missions that require high reliability or availability subject to a low-energy budget.
A Moodle-based Model for Teaching Written Translation Theory and Practice

This study aims to do an experiment under the Moodle-based model with the assistance of College Learners’ Exercises Online (CLEO) for the teaching and learning of Translation Theory and Practice (TTP) designed by the researcher of the present study and then applied to college learners in China. The participants were 80 English majors divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group(CG). The research instruments were pre-tests and post-tests, a closed-ended questionnaire, and the TTP-CLEO system used on the platform of Moodle along with other blended teaching methods. Pre-tests and Post-tests were administered to both groups before and after the experiment followed by the questionnaire to EG participants for collecting data. The results demonstrate that after the experiment for one semester, the EG participants’ attitude towards the instructional model was affirmative and the Moodle-based model with other blended methods for teaching TTP could significantly improve the participants’ translating scores as well as stimulate their interests in working on the platform of Moodle installed with online translating exercises through the Internet, while the CG participants made limited progress in the traditional model of learning. Indications were made on the research findings with suggestions for TTP teaching.
Copula Specification Tests under General Censorship

We propose a family of data-driven tests for the goodness-of-fit of copula-based multivariate survival models under general censorship. Appealing features of the tests include flexibility, ease of implementation, distribution free asymptotic distributions and informativeness regarding alternative copulas when a null distribution is rejected. Consistency and large sample properties of the tests, with parametrically or nonparametrically estimated marginal distributions, are established. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate good finite sample performance of the proposed tests. The semiparametric tests are shown to rival the correctly specified parametric tests and at the same time are immune from risk of misspecification. Two empirical applications illustrate the usefulness of the proposed tests.
Antimicrobial activities of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extracts

Plants have been reported to contain important preventative and curative compounds. Studies were conducted to determine the antimicrobial activities of Moringa oleifera extracts using in vitro antimicrobial screening methods. The acetone extract of M. oleifera leaves at a concentration of 5 mg/ml showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloace, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus kristinae . M. kristinae was the most susceptible as its growth was inhibited at 0.5 mg/ml. On the other hand, M. oleifera acetone extract did not exhibit any inhibition on Streptococcus faecalis , Bacillus pumilus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The acetone extract was bactericidal on E. coli and M. kristinae . It was also bacteriostatic on S. aureus, E. cloace and P. vulgaris . However, the water extract showed no activity at the highest concentration (5 mg/ml) tested. Furthermore, both the acetone and aqueous extracts did not exhibit any antifungal activity against the fungal species of Candida albicans, Pennicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger even at the highest concentration of 10 mg/ml. The ability of acetone extract to inhibit the growth of some strains of bacteria is an indication of its antibacterial potential which may be employed in the management of microbial infections. Key words : Antibacterial, antifungal, bacteriocidal, bacteriostatic, Gram positive.
Explicit solutions for interval-valued cooperative games based on quadratic programming

The aim of this paper is to develop a quadratic programming method for solving interval-valued cooperative games. In this method, using the least square method and distance between intervals, we construct two quadratic programming models and obtain their explicit analytical solutions which are used to determine players’ interval-valued imputations and hereby the interval-valued solutions of interval-valued cooperative games are determined in sense of minimizing the loss function. The proposed method is compared with other methods to show the validity, applicability and advantages.
Capital Inflows and Exchange Rate in Nigeria

This study examined the causal nexus between capital inflows (foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment) and exchange rate in Nigeria. It also examined the impact of these capital inflows on exchange rate in Nigeria for the period spanning 1986 to 2011. The study employed both granger causality and error correction modelling techniques. The causality estimates showed no causal link between capital inflows (foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment) and exchange rate within this period. The long run regression estimate revealed that foreign direct investment had negative effect on exchange rate while portfolio investment had positive impact on exchange rate. However, the magnitude of the impacts was very minute unlike the international oil price which had a strong negative effect on the exchange rate. The result of the short run result was similar to the causality result, indicating that neither foreign direct investment nor foreign portfolio investment had significant impact on exchange rate. The study concluded that the relationship between capital inflows and exchange rate in Nigeria is a long run phenomenon. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014. v5n7p263
Improving Usefulness of Automated Driving by Lowering Primary Task Interference through HMI Design

During conditionally automated driving (CAD), driving time can be used for non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs). To increase safety and comfort of an automated ride, upcoming automated manoeuvres such as lane changes or speed adaptations may be communicated to the driver. However, as the driver’s primary task consists of performing NDRTs, they might prefer to be informed in a nondistracting way. In this paper, the potential of using speech output to improve human-automation interaction is explored. A sample of 17 participants completed different situations which involved communication between the automation and the driver in a motion-based driving simulator. The Human-Machine Interface (HMI) of the automated driving system consisted of a visual-auditory HMI with either generic auditory feedback (i.e., standard information tones) or additional speech output. The drivers were asked to perform a common NDRT during the drive. Compared to generic auditory output, communicating upcoming automated manoeuvres additionally by speech led to a decrease in self-reported visual workload and decreased monitoring of the visual HMI. However, interruptions of the NDRT were not affected by additional speech output. Participants clearly favoured the HMI with additional speech-based output, demonstrating the potential of speech to enhance usefulness and acceptance of automated vehicles.
A Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Southern Open Clusters Pismis 18, Pismis 19, NGC 6005, and NGC 6253

CCD observations in the B, V, and I passbands have been used to generate color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) for the southern open cluster candidates Pismis 18, Pismis 19, and NGC 6005, as well as for the old open cluster NGC 6253. The sample consists of about 1550 stars reaching down to V ∼ 19 mag. From analysis of the CMDs, the physical reality of the three cluster candidates is confirmed and their reddening, distance, and age are derived, as well as those of NGC 6253. In addition, integrated spectra for Pismis 18, Pismis 19, and NGC 6253 covering a range from 3500 to 9200 Å were obtained. The reddening, age, and metallicity of these three clusters were derived from Balmer and Ca II triplet equivalent widths by comparing the observed spectra with those of template clusters. The photometric and spectroscopic results allow us to conclude that Pismis 18, Pismis 19, and NGC 6005 are intermediate-age (t ≈ 1 Gyr), genuine open clusters, while NGC 6253 has an age t ≈ 5 Gyr. All these clusters are located approximately toward the Galactic center, between 1.5 and 2.7 kpc from the Sun. Their metallicities range over values that are typical of moderately metal-poor to moderately metal-rich open clusters.
In Their Shoes

Abstract This article examines 14 teacher educators’ development of standards-based electronic portfolios. The research focused on the participants' interpretation of the standards and how they conceptualized the portfolio development process in relation to their professional practice. For one year, participants interacted around the Association of Teacher Educator (ATE) standards and the development of their electronic portfolios. Findings illustrated that these teacher educators developed their porfolios in individual ways within a community of practice. Yet, they differed in how they viewed the structure of the process. The process of creating the electronic portfolio encouraged reflection on the standards and on how they think about having their students create portfolios.
Asthma and lower airway disease Cost of near-roadway and regional air pollution – attributable childhood asthma in Los Angeles County

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that near-roadway air pollution (NRP) exposure causes childhood asthma. The associated costs are not well documented. Objective: We estimated the cost of childhood asthma attributable to residential NRP exposure and regional ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in Los Angeles County. We developed a novel approach to apportion the costs between these exposures under different pollution scenarios. Methods: We integrated results from a study of willingness to pay to reduce the burden of asthma with results from studies of health care use and charges to estimate the costs of an asthma case and exacerbation. We applied those costs to the number of asthma cases and exacerbations caused by regional pollution in 2007 and to hypothetical scenarios of a 20% reduction in regional pollution in combinationwith a 20%reduction or increase in the proportion of the total population living within 75 m of a major roadway. Results: Cost of air pollution–related asthma in Los Angeles County in 2007 was $441 million for O3 and $202 million for NO2 in 2010 dollars. Cost of routine care (care in absence of exacerbation) accounted for 18% of the combined NRP and O3 cost and 39%of the combinedNRPandNO2 cost; these costswere not recognized in previous analyses. NRP-attributable asthma accounted for 43% (O3) to 51% (NO2) of the total annual cost of exacerbations and routine care associated with pollution. Hypothetical scenarios showed that costs from increased NRP exposure might offset savings from reduced regional pollution. Conclusions: Our model disaggregates the costs of regional pollution and NRP exposure and illustrates how they might vary under alternative exposure scenarios. The cost of air pollution is
ARE STROOP FACILITATION AND INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ENHANCED BY AN ACCOMPANYING AUDITORY WORD

Cross-modal enhancement was investigated using Stroop color words and spoken words. Stroop color words consisted of printed color words in semantically congruent or incongruent colors. The visual stimuli had two dimensions (color and word), and the auditory stimuli had one dimension. The combination of two dimensions of visual color words and auditory words produced five possible conditions: corresponding to all dimensions; corresponding to two dimensions and non-corresponding to one dimension, including three subconditions according to the combination of dimensions; and non-corresponding to all dimensions. These combinations varied randomly from one trial to the next. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between visual and auditory stimuli was blocked within participants across five blocks. The block order was counterbalanced across the participants. Consequently, the Stroop facilitation effect was enhanced by the accompanying congruent auditory words, especially in auditory-word-first SOA, in which the auditory word was presented before the visual color word.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE ECOLÓGICA DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO CARLOS, SÃO PAULO

A maioria das paisagens sao influenciadas pela acao antropica e o mosaico de paisagens resultante e uma mistura de elementos naturais e antropicos que variam em tamanho, forma e arranjo, de modo que medidas usadas para descrever seus padroes, podem ser aplicadas na analise de sua estrutura. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos da intensidade do uso e cobertura da terra sobre os padroes espaciais e temporais da paisagem de Sao Carlos, em 2003 e 2013, atraves do Indice de Qualidade Ambiental dos Recursos Hidricos, Indice de Qualidade Ambiental da Vegetacao, Indice de Vulnerabilidade Ambiental, Indice de Densidade de Floresta Ciliar e Indice de Comprimento Medio de Fragmentos Florestais, no intuito de avaliar a condicao de sustentabilidade ecologica da mesma. Identificou-se uma reducao das areas de vegetacao nativa ao longo do tempo, com expansao das areas agricolas, evidenciando-se a diminuicao da qualidade ambiental da paisagem. O crescimento das atividades antropicas e a diminuicao das areas naturais podem levar a perda da biodiversidade e dos beneficios que estas proporcionam, as quais servem de suporte para manutencao das atividades urbanas e agricolas de uma forma geral.
THE LEAST LUMINOUS TYPE 1 SEYFERT GALAXY

We present X-ray (ROSAT), infrared, and radio observations of NGC 4395, which harbors the optically least luminous type 1 Seyfert nucleus discovered thus far. In combination with published optical and ultraviolet spectra, we have used these data to assemble the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of the galaxy’s nucleus. Interestingly, the SED of NGC 4395 differs markedly from the SEDs of both quasars and typical lowluminosity active galactic nuclei, which may be a manifestation of the different physical conditions (i.e., black hole masses, accretion rates, and/or accretion modes) that exist in these objects. The nuclear X-ray source in NGC 4395 is variable and has an observed luminosity of just ∼ 10 ergs s. Although this emission could plausibly be associated with either a weak active nucleus or a bright stellar-mass binary system, the optical and ultraviolet emission-line properties of the nucleus strongly suggest that the X-rays arise from a classical AGN. Subject headings: galaxies: individual (NGC 4395) — galaxies: Seyfert — X-rays: galaxies 1 Chandra Fellow. 2 Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411. 3 Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101-1292. 4 Physics and Astronomy Department, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701-2979. 5 University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, NL-1098 Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 6 Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Zamboni 33, I-40126, Bologna, Italy. 7 Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771. 8 NRAO, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801.
The effect of intracerebroventricular infusions of ghrelin on the secretory activity of the GnRH/LH system in peripubertal ewes.

Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid orexigenic peptide, synthesized mainly by cells located in the stomach mucosa, that can be also engaged in modula- tion of reproductive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the ef- fect of intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of ghrelin on the secretory activity of the gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone/luteinizing hormone (GnRH/ LH) system in peripubertal ewes. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: 1. standard fed, 2. starved for 72 h, and 3. standard fed + icv infused with ghrelin. Infusions were performed during three consecutive days; blood samples were collected on day 0 and day 3. Ghrelin infusions and short-term starvation increased the accumulation of immunoreactive (ir) GnRH material in the median eminence (P < 0.001) and ir LH material in the secretory granules of pituitary cells (P < 0.001) in the fasted and ghrelin-infused groups. The short starvation resulted in a decrease of mean LH plasma concentrations (P < 0.05) between days 0 and 3 of infusion, which was related to a lower pulse amplitude. After the icv ghrelin infusion, significant (P < 0.05) changes in LH pulse ampli- tude and frequency, but not in LH concentrations were observed. The obtained results revealed that in peripubertal ewes, exogenous ghrelin administration affects the GnRH/LH axis mainly at the level of neurohormone/protein accu- mulation and LH pulsatility modifications. Ghrelin action at the hypothalamus- pituitary axis is likely involved in the endocrine network that integrates energy balance and fertility in immature sheep.
Design New Robust Self Tuning Fuzzy Backstopping Methodology

This research is focused on proposed Proportional-Integral (PI) like fuzzy adaptive backstopping fuzzy algorithms based on Proportional- Derivative (PD) fuzzy rule base with the adaptation laws derived in the Lyapunov sense. Adaptive SISO PI like fuzzy adaptive backstopping fuzzy method has two main objectives; the first objective is design a SISO fuzzy system to compensate for the model uncertainties of the system, and the second objective is focused on the design PI like fuzzy controller based on PD method as an adaptive methodology. Classical backstopping control is robust to control model uncertainties and external disturbances and is a main controller in this research. The fuzzy controller is used in this method to system compensation. To increase the robust of this controller adaptive PI like fuzzy controller is introduced and applied to backstopping fuzzy controller. Classical backstopping control method has difficulty in handling unstructured model uncertainties. One can overcome this problem by combining a backstopping controller and artificial intelligence (e.g. fuzzy logic). To approximate a time-varying nonlinear dynamic system, a fuzzy system requires a large amount of fuzzy rule base. This large number of fuzzy rules will cause a high computation load. The addition of an adaptive law to a backstopping fuzzy controller to online tune the coefficients in use will ensure a moderate computational load. The adaptive laws in this algorithm are designed based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. This method is applied to continuum robot manipulator to have the best performance.