Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Internet shopping mall through opinion mining

요 약 전 세계적으로 인터넷 보급률이 높아지고 전자상거래가 활발해지면서 직접 발품을 팔아가며 보다 비 싼 가격에 물건을 구입하는 일보다는 인터넷몰을 이용하여 제품을 구매하는 일이 늘어나고 있다. 특히 인터넷몰 중에서도 의류를 판매하는 인터넷 쇼핑몰은 새로운 산업으로 각광받으며 하루가 다르게 새 로운 사이트가 우후죽순 생겨나고 있다. 자리에 앉아 직원의 직접적인 홍보에 대한 부담을 갖지 않고 차분히 제품을 싼 가격에 구입할 수 있다는 이점을 갖고 있는 인터넷 쇼핑몰이지만 직접 제품을 눈으 로 확인하지 못하기 때문에 실제 제품과 동일한 제품인지 조작된 사진인지의 여부를 확인하기 힘들고 직원과의 상담 역시 전화나 인터넷을 통해 진행되기 때문에 환불이나 교환과 같은 의사소통에 문제가 생기고는 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 오피니언 마이닝을 통해 웹 서버에 저장되어 있는 수많은 쇼핑몰 의 리뷰를 정리하고 각 사이트의 서비스, 품질 등에 대한 평가를 카테고리 별로 분석하여 소비자가 현 명하고 효율적인 소비 결정을 내릴 수 있도록 도울 방법을 제안하고자 한다.
Measurements of Superoxide Anion Radical and Superoxide Anion Scavenging Activity by Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Coupled with DMPO Spin Trapping

A quantitative analysis of superoxide anion radical (·O2−) and hydroperoxyl radical (·OOH) generated in the hypoxanthine–xanthine oxidase (HPX–XOD) reaction system in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was explored by a spin-trapping method using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) combined with electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). ·O2− and/or ·OOH was detected by ESR spectra of the spin adduct, DMPO–O2− (or DMPO–OOH). The concentration of DMPO–O2− was increased up to three times by the addition of DMSO. The half-life of DMPO–O2−, which is the time period to reduce to one-half of the initial intensity, also became about 70 times longer than that in the system without DMSO. These results suggest that the short half-life of DMPO–O2− that has been reported is attributable to the partial reaction of hydroxyl radical (·OH) with DMPO–O2−. Consequently quantitative analysis of ·O2− was possible in the presence of DMSO (>0.35 M). Under these conditions, kinetic approaches show that the generatio.
Molekulare Mechanismen der cAMP-vermittelten Signaltransduktion

Die vorliegende Dissertation basiert zwar auf meiner eingereichten kumulativen Dissertation, allerdings ohne die Original Artikel, die bei dem jeweiligen Verlag/Journal (ggf. kostenpflichtig) eingesehen werden konnen. Die bis zum Zeitpunkt meiner Dissertation noch nicht akzeptierten Manuskripte Publikation V und VI sind jetzt bei BMC veroffentlicht und finden sich unter: -----> Publikation VI - Moll, D. , Prinz, A. , Brendel, C. M. , Berrera, M. , Guske, K. , Zaccolo, M. , Genieser, H. G. and Herberg, F. W. , "Biochemical characterization and cellular imaging of a novel, membrane permeable fluorescent cAMP analog", BMC Biochem 9, 18 (2008). -----> Publikation V - Bertinetti, D. , Schweinsberg, S. , Hanke, S. E. , Schwede, F. , Bertinetti, O. , Drewianka, S. , Genieser, H. G. and Herberg, F. W. , "Chemical tools selectively target components of the PKA system", BMC Chem Biol 9 (1), 3 (2009).
Ultrafast initial reaction in bacterial photosynthesis revealed by femtosecond infrared spectroscopy

The early temporal evolution of the transient infrared difference spectrum of bacterial reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides between 1000 and 1600 cm{sup -1} reveals a strong 200 fs component which has not yet been detected in femtosecond experiments in the visible or near infrared region. A detailed analysis of the experimental data shows that this fast component can be explained by a considerable change of the electronic structure of the primary electron donor, the special pair, during this time. A possible explanation of the reaction relates this process with an ultrafast initial intramolecular charge separation in the special pair P. 40 refs., 6 figs.
Structural and Optical Characteristics of Crystalline Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Carbothermal Reduction

Silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by using carbothermal reduction method. Nanoparticles with zincblende structure (3C-SiC) could be prepared using polysiloxane as silicon source and phenol resin (MH) or xylene resin (YN) as carbon source. The sample YN has an average grain size of 22 nm, larger than that of the sample MH (8 nm). Raman spectroscopy revealed that all nanoparticle samples contain graphitic surface carbon layers. Oxygen contamination on the nanoparticle surface could be reduced by postfluorine treatment (MH-F). But the sample MH-F showed reduced SiC crystallinity compared with the sample MH. The nanoparticle samples exhibited an intensive emission band in the blue region observed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The bandgap energy of the nanoparticle samples is estimated to be ∼ 3 eV from the PL spectra, blueshifted by ∼0.6 eV from that of bulk 3C-SiC due to the quantum confinement effect.
Effect of laser-induced photodissociation of oxyhemoglobin on biomedical processes

In the present report we draw attention to the phenomenon of laser-induced photodissociation of oxyhemoglobin in cutaneous blood vessels as an important factor in biostimulating and therapeutic action of low energy laser radiation. Calculations of absorption efficiency of laser radiation both by oxyhemoglobin and carbon monoxide hemoglobin were carried out by a computer simulation using Kubelka-Munk model of tissue. It has been shown that the absorption of the oxyhemoglobin in the visible region corresponding to the Q-band of absorption spectra possesses a relatively high selectivity. The obtained results are discussed in terms of developing new methods for wound healing, as well as for carbon monoacid poisoning. Some aspects of the laser-induced photodissociation of oxyhemoglobin complexes are discussed in view of its practical use for developing new diagnostic methods. An attractive way to use this phenomenon is monitoring of local concentrations of oxygen by laser light irradiation.
Fractionation of dissolved organic carbon in soil water: Effects of extraction and storage methods

Abstract We measured the concentration and composition (sensu Leenheer, 1981) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in lysimeter solutions from the forest floor of a spruce stand in Maine and in laboratory extracts of organic (Oa horizon) and mineral soils collected from various forests in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. All soils were acid Spodosols developed from glacial till. The effects of different storage, extraction and filtration methods were compared. Extracts from Oa horizons stored fresh at 3°C contained a larger fraction of hydrophobic neutrals than lysimeter forest floor solutions (31 and 4% of DOC in stored and lysimeter solutions, respectively), whereas extracts from Oa horizons which had been extracted, incubated at 10–15°C, and extracted again had DOC compositions similar to that in lysimeter solutions. Mechanical vacuum and batch extractions of Oa horizons yielded DOC similar in concentration and composition if the extracts were filtered through glass fiber filters. Nylon membrane filters.
Particle-in-cell simulation of ion beam extraction from a pulsed plasma through a grid

A particle-in-cell simulation with Monte Carlo collisions was developed to study ion extraction from a capacitively-coupled argon plasma through a grid. A one-dimensional simulation of the plasma reactor was coupled with a two-dimensional simulation of the sheath region over a grid hole. The 13.56 MHz power applied to the plasma was pulsed 50 µs ON and 50 µs OFF. A dc bias voltage was applied in the afterglow (power OFF fraction of the cycle), to raise the plasma potential and expel ions out of the plasma through the grid. The electron temperature decayed rapidly in the afterglow, minimizing spatial variations of the plasma potential and allowing a nearly mono-energetic ion beam to be extracted. Due to the absence of plasma moulding over the grid holes, the beam was highly directional with an angular spread decreasing with increasing dc bias. The applied dc bias also set the beam energy. Simulation predictions were in good quantitative agreement with measurements. The ion beam could be neutralized by grazing angle collisions on a set of parallel neutralization plates downstream of the extraction grid, to produce a highly directional and nearly mono-energetic neutral beam.
Organic solvent dispersions of single-walled carbon nanotubes: Toward solutions of pristine nanotubes

A systematic study has been performed in order to find an appropriate medium for solubilization/dispersion of pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Five solvents, all featuring high electron pair donicity (β) and low hydrogen bond parameter (α) have demonstrated the ability to readily form stable dispersions. The best dispersions have been characterized by UV/visible-NIR spectra, ESR spectra, and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Degradation of aniline by plate and rod electrode fered‐fenton reactors: Effects of current density, Fe2+, H2O2, and aniline concentrations

This study investigates the degradation of aniline by the Fered‐Fenton process with a plate and rod electrode. The effects of electric current, H2O2, Fe2+, and aniline concentrations on the kinetic models, H2O2 efficiency, and energy consumption in aniline and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were examined. The kinetics of aniline degradation using the Fered‐Fenton process was second‐order. The H2O2, Fe2+, and aniline concentrations affected the COD removal efficiency more than electric current. The kinetics of aniline degradation using the Fered‐Fenton process was second‐order. In both Fered‐Fenton reactor systems, increasing the electric current, H2O2, Fe2+ and aniline concentrations significantly decreased the efficiency of H2O2 in reducing aniline and COD. The reactor design substantially affected the rate constant of aniline degradation. In general, the rate constants of aniline degradation in the plate electrode Fered‐Fenton reactor were around 1.1–6.3 times higher than that in the rod electrode Fered‐Fenton reactor. At various H2O2 concentrations, the rod electrode Fered‐Fenton reactor consumed twice as much energy in removing aniline and COD compared with the plate electrode Fered‐Fenton reactor. Additionally, COD removal required twice the energy needed to remove aniline. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 410–418, 2014
Nanopendeo coalescence overgrowth of GaN on etched nanorod array

This paper reports the characteristics of gallium nitride layers that have been grown on top of an etched array of nanorods. Nanoimprint lithography has been used to create nanorods on a wafer-scale that are subsequently passivated to allow selective regrowth from their tips by MOVPE. The first epitaxial growth step favoured lateral growth and the second resulted in a planar coalesced layer of gallium nitride. It was found that smooth planarised overgrowth required careful timing of the growth transition between the two steps and that the crystallographic quality of the overgrown layer was very sensitive to the nanorod template properties, in particular the amount of unpassivated nanorod surface. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Norm setting for oil and petroleum products in bottom sediments and their quality assessment according to Russian hydro chemical parameters†

Norm setting for oil and petroleum products concentration in bottom sediments of water bodies in the Russian Federation is very important for the protection of fishery water bodies. The lack of specified content standards for petroleum products in different types of bottom sediments in oil extraction regions impedes projects to rehabilitate water bodies, polluted by oil. The paper discusses regional regulations of the Russian Federation on the norm setting for petroleum products in bottom sediments of water bodies.
Noise characterization of metal-single molecule contacts

Noise spectra of molecule-free and molecule-containing mechanically controllable break junctions were investigated. The molecule-free junctions revealed typical 1/f noise characteristics. We studied three molecules as they bridged the electrodes: 11-mercaptoundecanoicacid, 1,8-octanedithiol, and 1,4-benzenedithiol, which possess different bonding strengths. For all of them, an additional Lorentzian-shape 1/f2 noise component was registered with a characteristic frequency when the electrodes were bridged by an individual molecule. Measurements of time-dependent voltage fluctuations for the molecule-containing junctions bring out two-current state fluctuations, which in the frequency domain correspond to the 1/f2 noise. Moreover, it is revealed that characteristic frequencies of these noise components are independent of molecule bonding strengths at the interface, but correlate with the molecule weights and current amplitudes in the lock-in state, in which the electrode gap is bridged by a single molecule.
A novel piece of Minoan art in Italy: the first spectroscopic study of the wall paintings from Phaistos

Some fragments of wall paintings of Phaistos (Crete), belonging to the Bronze Age, from the Archaeological National Museum of Florence, were analysed to investigate the material composition of their pictorial layers and to explore the pictorial technology. These samples belong to the oldest surviving examples of decorative polychrome painting on plaster from Crete and constitute a further document in the frame of the already known evidences of painted materials from the palatial sites. The wall painting fragments were studied to define the composition of the paint layers and of the plaster used as substrate, and to classify the painting method. The coloured strata were investigated through micro-Raman analyses by acquiring the vibrational spectra on different points selected for every hue, whereas for the plaster, different techniques were employed such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In accordance with similar Aegean Bronze painted plasters, the obtained results show a rather homogenous colour palette mostly made of mineral pigments, which recur in the different tones in all the fragments. The absence of organic binders and the possibility to differentiate calcite grains present in the painting layers from that present in the plaster underneath were indicative of fresco–secco technique. On the whole, the obtained results could be considered as valuable archaeological indicators for the contribution they could offer to the comprehension of the painting techniques and the materials used in Crete during the Medium Minoan period. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling Power Transformer Field Drying Processes

Power transformer field drying is becoming a habitual practice because water is damaging for transformer insulation, and its presence increases the probability of unexpected failures. Different drying methods are currently being used by electrical companies but sometimes without a profound knowledge of the drying processes involved, and consequently drying is not as effective as would be desirable. Physical models have been developed by the authors in order to study power transformer drying processes. The use of the models will help to plan more effective drying processes, tailoring the drying times and drying conditions for each particular case. The models have been tested in a test transformer fitted with sensors. In order to monitor the process, insulation samples were extracted from the transformer before and after the process. In this article, several transformer drying procedures are described. Theoretical models and their experimental validation processes are reported. Finally, some general recommendations about transformer drying in the field are provided.
Electrical breakdown of gases

A collection of individual works on electrical discharges is presented. Topics covered include: fundamental processes in the electrical breakdown of gases; vacuum breakdown; spark breakdown in uniform fields; corona discharge; spark breakdown in non-uniform fields; breakdown voltage characteristics; irradiation and time lags; high-frequency breakdown of gases; laser-induced electrical breakdown of gases; spark channels; and electrode phenomena. (GHT)
A Hybrid Supercapacitor Fabricated with a Carbon Nanotube Cathode and a TiO2–B Nanowire Anode

Recently, a new hybrid supercapacitor, integrating both the advantages of supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries, was proposed and rapidly turned into state‐of‐the‐art energy‐storage devices with a high energy density, fast power capability, and a long cycle life. In this paper, a new hybrid supercapacitor is fabricated by making use of the benefits of 1D nanomaterials consisting of a carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode and a TiO2–B nanowire (TNW) anode, and the preliminary results for such an energy‐storage device operating over a wide voltage range (0–2.8 V) are presented. The CNT–TNW supercapacitor is compared to a CNT–CNT supercapacitor, and discussed with regards to available energy densities, power capabilities, voltage profiles, and cycle life. On the basis of the total weight of both active materials, the CNT–TNW supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 12.5 W h kg–1 at a rate of 10 C, double the value of the CNT–CNT supercapacitor, while maintaining desirable cycling stability. The combination of a CNT cathode and a TNW anode in a non‐aqueous electrolyte is proven to be suitable for high‐performance hybrid supercapacitor applications; this can reasonably be assigned to the interesting synergistic effects of the two nanomaterials. It is hoped that the results presented in this study might renew interest in the design of nanomaterials that are applicable not only to hybrid supercapacitors, but also to energy conversion and storage applications of the future.
Ion energy distributions measured inside a high-voltage cathode in a BF3 pulsed dc plasma used for plasma doping: experiments and ab initio calculations

The purpose of this paper is the characterization of a plasma-doping system in BF3. Energy distributions (IEDs) of boron ions crossing a high-voltage sheath (up to 1 kV) are measured in a BF3 plasma under different experimental conditions. It is demonstrated that relative percentages of boron ions reaching the cathode and IED shapes are governed by the number of collisions inside the sheath. Heavy molecular ions , are dissociated inside the sheath and light boron ions (B+, BF+) are created. Based on experimental results and ab initio calculations of boron ion structures, the mechanisms occurring in the sheath are discussed. Furthermore, the charge exchange cross-section between and BF3 is estimated to be 8.8 × 10−19 m2.
The Electronic Spectra of Aromatic Molecules I: Benzenoid Hydrocarbons

Certain regularities observed in the spectra of benzenoid hydrocarbons by Clar and by Klevens and Platt are interpreted in terms of the 1.c. a.o. molecular orbital theory on the assumption that electron repulsion mixes together only configurations which are degenerate when overlap is neglected. The frequency and intensity relationships between Clar's α, p, β and β' bands find a simple interpretation in this scheme, and the near ultra-violet spectra of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene are interpreted in the light of this theory.
Impact of Salaries and Financial Incentives on Job Stability at Al-Basr International Foundation (Makkah Eye Hospital - Sudan)

Abstract: Employee stability is a very critical issue for organizations to retain their best talented, experienced, and skilled employees with them. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between salaries and financial incentives offered to employees and the employees' job stability. For this purpose, an empirical study was conducted in a Sudanese hospital. In this study deductive approach, analytical and descriptive methods were used. Data was largely collected with a questionnaire; interviews and observation were also used to confirm collected data. A simple closed-ended questionnaire divided into two sections, section (1) to collect demographic data about the sample population (gender, age, .ect) and section (2) consist of 20 questions to help the respondent answering how strongly he/she agrees or disagree to each statement. The results of the empirical study show that there is a significant relationship between salaries and financial incentives and job stability. The findings suggest that offering adequate salaries and financial incentives can result in a better job stability, commitment and performance.
Direct epoxy hydroxylation of hydroperoxy homoallylic alcohols: multidentate oxygen donor and oxygen acceptor substrates in titanium(IV)-catalyzed epoxidations

The hydroperoxy homoallylic alcohols (R * ,S * )-2a and (S * ,S * )-2a-d, readily available photooxygenation of chiral allylic alcohols 1, were converted into epoxy diols 4 under the catalytic action of Ti(Oi-Pr) 4 . In these epoxy hydroxylations, the hydroperoxides 2 play the double role as oxygen atom donor and, in form of the in situ generated corresponding unsaturated diols 3, as substrate for oxygen transfer. Compared to Ti(IV)-catalyzed epoxidations of unsaturated diols by t-BuOOH, the advantage of this approach is that a large rate enhancement is obtained. Moreover, with the exception of (S * ,S * )-2d, all reactions proceeedeed in unusually high diastereoselectivity
Preparation of nanostructured molybdenum carbides for CO hydrogenation

Novel Mo2C/C nano/microcomposites were prepared via a facile approach involving the hydrothermal carbonization of a solution of glucose as a carbon precursor in the presence of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate. The samples were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, N2-physisorption, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The effect of the carbonization agents (Ar, CH4/H2 = 0.2, and H2) was investigated. In particular, the carbonization behaviours and the evolution of Mo species in the catalysts during the carbonization process and the effect on CO hydrogenation for higher alcohol synthesis were extensively studied. During the carbonization step, the catalyst structures experienced an extensive restructuring process, which in turn induced the different performances in the higher alcohol synthesis. Moreover, the nanostructured molybdenum carbides synthesized by this method exhibited great performances in CO hydrogenation for higher alcohol synthesis.
Comparative efficacy of pre and post emergence herbicides on growth and yield of paddy in Kodagu region

Weeds are one of the important factors that impose a great threat to crop yield. In order to attenuate weed infestation in paddy, the efficacy of various chemicals likeButachlor, Bensulfuron methyl + Pretilachlor and Oxadiargyl as pre emergence herbicides, Penoxsulum, Bispyribac sodium, 2,4 D and Ethoxysulfuron as post emergent application and its combinations were tested during the Kharif season of 2016 at Agricultural and Horticulture Research Station, Ponnmapet, Virajpet taluk, Kodagu district of Karnataka. Result revealed that application of oxadiargyl 80 % WP @ 100 g a.i. ha-1 at 3 DAT followed by Penoxsulum @ 22.5 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAT found effective in controlling sedges, grassy and broad leaf weeds as well as recorded higher growth parameters like plant height (104.54 cm), number of tillers (21.43), number of leaf (20.05), leaf area (344.65 cm2/hill), leaf area index (1.72), total dry matter (65.13g /hill) as a resulted obtained highest grain (4068 kg/ha) and straw yield (5298 kg/ha) compared to other herbicidal treatments.
Molecular Distribution Functions in a One‐Dimensional Fluid

Exact expressions are derived for the molecular distribution functions in a one‐dimensional fluid whose particles interact with a nearest neighbor pair potential. The pair distribution function for rigid spheres is found to be identical with Frenkel's result. The one‐dimensional form of a new set of integral equations for the molecular distribution functions is examined. The superposition principle is found to be exact in a one‐dimensional fluid with nearest neighbor interactions.