Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fysisk träning som hjärtrehabilitering efter en myokardieinfarkt : en litteraturstudie

Background: Myocardial infarction is the most common individual disease among people in the west world. In Sweden there are over 50 000 women and men who get myocardial infarction every year and about 40 % of them dies. Exercise training is one part of cardiac rehabilitation and since 1980 Sweden use the guidelines from that time. Aim: The aim was to review exercise-training modalities in cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction and the physiologicand psychological effects. Method: Facts were obtained by searching through the database PubMed for articles published from 1994 and ten years forward. The study was based on 53 randomized and controlled trials that met the criteria for inclusion. The study includes patients in all ages with normal and reduced ventricular function. Result: Many treatment modalities with several multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation program and several studies include low and high intensity exercise training. Five of the studies were about strength training. There were also studies about hospital-based rehabilitation and one study contained home based rehabilitation. Physiologic effects were increased oxygen uptake, exercise capacity and many studies showed higher lactate level in anaerobe threshold. We had eleven studies about patients with reduced ventricular function and they got the same favourable physiologic effects like patients with normal heart function. Six studies examine vasodilitation, the earlier studies in the ten years period show no effect after training when later studiers had another opinion. Two articles examined and found greater glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity after training. Three studies examine and observed improvements in exercise habits and another three studies show reduction in mortality. One of the studies prove that increased work capacity with 1 % provided joint survival benefit up to 10 %. There were nineteen articles examine about the several different hemodynamic measurements. Few studies were about recovery of autonomic nervesystem and one of the studies found improvements through exercise training. Heart rate variability gave different results of the effects in three studies. The same various effects in the results were three studies about blood lipids. Psychological effects observed in thirteen studies. Many of the articles showed improved wellbeing, less anxiety and depression in all ages, but one study found out that very old patients seem to need more active interventions to get same effects. Conclusion: The results were that training alone could improve the physiological work capacity. Physical training needs to be completed with several multifactorial interventions to get greater potential influence in both physical and psychological variables.
Flight safety assessment based on an integrated human reliability quantification approach

Human error is an important risk factor for flight safety. Although the human error assessment and reduction technique (HEART) is an available tool for human reliability derivation, it has not been applied in flight safety assessment. The traditional HEART suffers from imprecise calculation of the assessed proportion of affect (APOA) because it heavily depends on a single expert’s judgment. It also fails to provide remedial measures for flight safety problems. To overcome these defects of the HEART, this study proposes an integrated human error quantification approach that uses the improved analytic hierarchy process method to determine the APOA values. Then, these values are fused to the HEART method to derive the human error probability. A certain flight task is completed to assess human reliability. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is a reasonable and feasible tool for quantifying human error probability and assessing flight safety in the aircraft manipulation process. In addition, the critical error-producing conditions influencing flight safety are identified, and improvement measures for high-error-rate operations are provided. The proposed method is useful for reducing the possibility of human error and enhancing flight safety levels in aircraft operation processes.
The role of Parental Support for Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Scoping Review.

INTRODUCTION Emerging adults with type 1 diabetes often have poor diabetes self-care and pose a considerable therapeutic challenge. They simultaneously handle a life phase characterised by instability, identity exploration and transitions and manage a chronic illness that demands structure, self-discipline and repeated health care contacts. Relation to parents is often ambivalent but typically remain the most stable social support, so parental support could potentially be helpful for diabetes self-care and wellbeing. METHODS This scoping review aimed to identify, summarise and analyse empirical studies (for instance interview studies, questionnaire studies and intervention studies) exploring parental support for emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Studies were identified in PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Data were extracted by one author and checked by another. Study results were synthesised by a convergent mixed methods approach and qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS We included 26 studies (2829 participants), 16 interview studies, 10 questionnaire studies, and no intervention studies. Five overarching themes were identified: self-care and glycemic control; diabetes-related emotional wellbeing; support characteristics; ambivalence and harms; and core support providers. Parents tended to contribute positively to diabetes self-care, glycemic control and psychological wellbeing. However, emerging adults did not want to be too dependent on their parents and family, and family could also act unsupportively; when absent, disinterested in diabetes or controlling. CONCLUSION This review underlines that parental support still plays a role for diabetes self-care and wellbeing in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Age-appropriate parental support therefore seems a promising path to investigate further. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The physiology of the retina and visual pathways

A valve assembly clamped to the upper end of a vent pipe includes an elongated sleeve with a band clamp and sealing gasket at its inner end for ready clamping to the vent pipe. A butterfly valve plate is nonrotatably fixed to a pivot shaft in unbalanced relation, with the shaft extending through the sleeve and having a transverse operator arm. Semi-annular seat means provide a sealing seat at upper and lower surfaces of the valve plate, on respective opposite sides of the pivot axis; and a spring or weight urges the valve plate to the seated position.
Association between primary graft dysfunction and acute kidney injury after orthotopic heart transplantation – a retrospective, observational cohort study

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and primary graft dysfunction (PGD) are serious complications after heart transplantation (HT). The relationship between AKI and PGD is poorly understood. We sought to examine the incidence of AKI and identify risk factors associated with AKI. We hypothesized that PGD is one of the risk factors independently associated with post‐HT AKI. We gathered data for all adult patients who underwent HT between 2009 and 2014. AKI was defined by the KDIGO criteria. PGD was categorized using ISHLT criteria. We assessed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors independently associated with post‐HT AKI. Out of 316 patients, postoperative AKI occurred in 273 (86%) patients: 188 (68%) stage I, 44 (16%) stage II, and 41 (15%) stage III. Stage II/III AKI was associated with increased risk of mortality at 1 year. There was significant association between severe PGD and stage II/III AKI (P = 0.001, OR 3.63, 95% CI: 1.69–7.94). Other clinical factors significantly associated with stage II/III AKI included longer donor brain death duration and lower recipient baseline creatinine. We found that stage II/III AKI is common and independently associated with severe PGD. Another potentially modifiable risk factor is donor brain death duration.
Effects of dietary rubber seed oil on production performance, egg quality and yolk fatty acid composition of Hy-Line Brown layers

Objective This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary supplement of rubber seed oil on production performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens during a 16-week feeding trial period. Methods Forty-eight 25-week-old laying hens of Hy-Line Brown were randomly divided into three groups. Each group comprised four replicates and each replicate had four birds. Rubber seed oil was incorporated into a corn-soybean meal basal diet by 3.5% (group I), 4.5% (group II), or 0 (control group) and equivalent nutrition was supplied for the test groups and the control group. The performance related values were determined using standard or well established methods. Results No significant difference was found in the production performance, the egg quality, the composition of saturated fatty acids, and the content of cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids in the yolk within the three groups. Interestingly, both test groups achieved a significantly higher content of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid and a significantly lower content of arachidonic acid (p<0.05) compared with the control group. With the increased level of dietary rubber seed oil, there was an increasing trend in the content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3 PUFA and total PUFA, but a declining trend in the n-6/n-3 ratio. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the rubber seed oil supplemented diet effectively improved the total PUFA content in eggs without impairing the layers’ production performance and the egg quality.
Impact of ultra/hyper-acute administration of glyceryl trinitrate on secondary outcome after acute stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials

Methods Secondary outcomes included disability (Barthel index, BI), quality of life (EQ-5D health status utility values, HSUV, and Visual Analogue Scale, EQ-VAS), cognition (telephoneMini Mental state examination, t-MMSE, and the Telephone Interview Cognition Scalemodified, TICS-M) and mood (Zung Depression Scale, ZDS). Outcomes were analysed using multiple linear regression (MLR) and Mann-Whitney U test (MWU). Data are mean (standard deviation), median [interquartile range] and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Trends in Incidence of Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx — United States 2007–2016

Cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx account for 3% of cancers diagnosed in the United States* each year. Cancers at these sites can differ anatomically and histologically and might have different causal factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol use, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) (1). Incidence of combined oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers declined during the 1980s but began to increase around 1999 (2,3). Because tobacco use has declined in the United States, accompanied by a decrease in incidence of many tobacco-related cancers, researchers have suggested that the increase in oral cavity and pharynx cancers might be attributed to anatomic sites with specific cell types in which HPV DNA is often found (4,5). U.S. Cancer Statistics† data were analyzed to examine trends in incidence of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx by anatomic site, sex, race/ethnicity, and age group. During 2007-2016, incidence rates increased for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx combined, base of tongue, anterior tongue, gum, tonsil, oropharynx, and other oral cavity and pharynx. Incidence rates declined for cancers of the lip, floor of mouth, soft palate and uvula, hard palate, hypopharynx, and nasopharynx, and were stable for cancers of the cheek and other mouth and salivary gland. Ongoing implementation of proven population-based strategies to prevent tobacco use initiation, promote smoking cessation, reduce excessive alcohol use, and increase HPV vaccination rates might help prevent cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Phage SA75, Isolated from Goat Feces

Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen causing serious human infections worldwide. Here, we report the complete annotated genome of bacteriophage SA75, a member of the Siphoviridae family which could be an alternative to traditional antibiotics for treating Staphylococcus infections. We used a hybrid approach combining MinION and Illumina MiSeq sequencing, which yielded a 43,134-bp genome and 65 open reading frames. ABSTRACT Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen causing serious human infections worldwide. Here, we report the complete annotated genome of bacteriophage SA75, a member of the Siphoviridae family which could be an alternative to traditional antibiotics for treating Staphylococcus infections. We used a hybrid approach combining MinION and Illumina MiSeq sequencing, which yielded a 43,134-bp genome and 65 open reading frames.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Clinical Isolates of Madurella mycetomatis, the Major Cause of Black-Grain Mycetoma

The draft genomes of three fungal clinical isolates of Madurella mycetomatis from patients with mycetoma are presented. No finished genome is currently available for this important fungus. Therefore, the addition of these new draft genomes will help us better understand the diversity and pathogenicity of this important species. ABSTRACT The draft genomes of three fungal clinical isolates of Madurella mycetomatis from patients with mycetoma are presented. No finished genome is currently available for this important fungus. Therefore, the addition of these new draft genomes will help us better understand the diversity and pathogenicity of this important species.
Influence of alcohol consumption on blood coagulation in rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM): an in-vivo study

Background Twenty-five to 85% of trauma patients are under the influence of alcohol in addition to experiencing injury-related coagulation impairment. Viscoelastic point-of-care tests (thrombelastography [TEG], rotational thromboelastometry [ROTEM]) are popular tools for rapid hemostasis assessment and therapeutic decision-making in this and other settings. While alcohol affects these tests in-vitro, their specific effects in-vivo are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of alcohol ingestion on ROTEM parameters. Methods Twenty volunteers provided informed consent to drinking red wine, whisk(e)y, or vodka to a target blood alcohol concentration of 1‰ within one hour, calculated with the Widmark formula. Blood samples were collected before drinking, at a breath alcohol concentration of 0.5‰, and at 1.0‰, but no later than one hour. After each blood collection, ExTEM and FibTEM tests were performed directly "at the bedside. " Results All participants had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.00‰ at the beginning. The mean BACs at the second and third collection were 0.48 and 0.76‰, respectively. There were no significant differences in the ExTEM parameters. FibTEM measurements showed a significant difference at the A10 value (13.0 vs. 14.0 mm, P = 0.014) and a trend at the maximum amplitude (maximum clot firmness 13.7 vs. 16.2 mm, P = 0.075). We saw no significant differences in fibrinolysis parameters and no hyperfibrinolysis in our ROTEM measurements. Conclusions Ethanol ingestion can impair early fibrin polymerization. These results might be of special relevance in trauma and support routine application of ROTEM/TEG in such cases.
One-stage versus 2-stage bilateral total joint arthroplasty: a matched cohort study.

Background Patients with bilateral end-stage hip or knee arthritis want to know if it is safe to have bilateral surgery under a single anesthetic, to restore their quality of life as quickly as possible. The purpose of this study was to assess if there is an increase in the rate of postoperative medical adverse events, length of stay (LOS), blood transfusion rate and 30-day readmission rate among patients who undergo 1-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty (BTHA) and 1-stage bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) compared with patients who undergo 2-stage BTHA and BTKA. Methods Our study cohorts included patients who underwent BTHA and BTKA between Apr. 1, 2009, and Jan. 31, 2016, in Alberta, Canada. To minimize selection bias associated with our retrospective study design, we matched patients who underwent 1-stage BTHA and BTKA with patients with patients who underwent 2-stage BTHA and BTKA, respectively, for age, sex and number of presurgical risk factors using propensity score in a matching ratio of 1:1. Results Our study included 1645 patients who underwent BTHA and 4125 patients who underwent BTKA. We matched 195 patients who underwent 1-stage BTHA and 302 patients who underwent 1-stage BTKA with patients who underwent 2-stage BTHA and BTKA, respectively. There was no significant difference in postoperative medical adverse events between the 1-stage and 2-stage matched cohort groups for both BTHA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-4.9) and BTKA (adjusted OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3-2.6). There was no difference in inpatient, 30- or 90-day mortality between the 2 groups for BTHA or BTKA. Patients who underwent 1-stage BTHA and BTKA had a shorter acute length of stay but increased total length of stay (acute care and rehabilitation unit) and were less likely to be discharged home postoperatively. One-stage BTHA and BTKA were associated with higher odds of blood transfusion than 2-stage BTHA and BTKA. The 30-day readmission rate was significantly lower for 1-stage BTHA than for the 2-stage BTHA matched cohort (adjusted OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.8), whereas there was no difference in the 30-day readmission rate (adjusted OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.2-1.7) between the 1-stage and 2-stage BTKA matched cohorts. Finally, operating room time was significantly lower for 1-stage BTHA (49.6 min less) and 1-stage BTKA (66.7 min less) than for the 2-stage arthroplasty procedures. Conclusion Healthy patients who undergo 1-stage BTHA and BTKA have postoperative medical complication rates comparable to those of patients who undergo 2-stage procedures with the additional benefits of a shorter acute length of stay, but they do have a higher risk of blood transfusion and are less likely to be discharged directly home from the acute care hospital. A multicentre randomized controlled trial on this topic is currently being condcuted by the Canadian Arthroplasty Society.
Investigation of the interchromosomal effects in male carriers with structural chromosomal abnormalities using FISH.

OBJECTIVE The interchromosomal effect (ICE) refers to the uncertainty during meiosis where the rearrangement of the chromosomes affects the segregation of the chromosomes that are not involved in the structural chromosomal abnormalities. The aim of this study is to investigate the existence of ICE in the sperm nuclei of the males who have structural chromosomal abnormalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine male individuals who are the carriers of the structural chromosomal abnormalities (patient group) and 14 male individuals who did not have any chromosomal abnormalities (control group) were diagnosed by the classical cytogenetic analysis. The aneuploidy of chromosomes 2, 3, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, X, and Y in the sperm nuclei was investigated using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method in these individuals. The patient group included 5 Robertsonian translocation (ROB) carriers, 3 reciprocal translocation (RCP) carriers, and 1 inversion carrier. RESULTS A total of 51921 sperm nuclei were analyzed (19484 from the patient group and 32437 from the control group). While ICE was determined in 4 of 5 patients who were the carriers of ROB and an inversion carrier patient, it was not determined in the patient carrier of RCP. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that there is ICE in the male carriers with a structural chromosomal abnormality, which appears to be translocation, breakpoint, chromosome, and patient dependent.
BricoSketch: Mixing Paper and Computer Drawing Tools in Professional Illustration

Illustrators are advanced users of both traditional and computer-assisted drawing tools, and therefore, observing their strategies is very valuable for research on drawing interfaces. We interviewed four professional illustrators in their work environment. We also followed the work of an artist for a two-year period. We observed that artists mix a variety of techniques that involve specialized computer software and hardware such as Adobe Photoshop, a graphics tablet and a scanner, and traditional physical tools such as pencils, paper, and customized light tables. Our findings inspired BricoSketch, an augmented paper interface that enables illustrators to zoom into parts of their drawings and work at different levels of detail on paper. Our early results demonstrate that BricoSketch supports real tasks, improving productivity on paper while enhancing illustrators' creative ways of working.