Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Costs of postpartum care: examining associations from the Ontario mother and infant survey.

A cross-sectional survey of 1,250 mothers of "normal" newborn infants was conducted to assess mother and infant characteristics as well as the costs of health and social services used in the first 4 weeks after discharge from hospital in the province of Ontario, Canada. Each mother was asked to recall use of services for herself and her infant. This utilization was multiplied by the unit cost of each service and summed to arrive at the total cost of services used. Although re-admission rates were low (1% for mothers, 4% for infants), costs associated with hospital and emergency room care ($194 on average per mother/infant dyad) accounted for the greatest proportion of total health-care costs. Physician or midwife visits, which were received by almost all mothers, were the next most costly service ($128 on average per dyad). Mothers with incomes under $20,000 had more medical costs than those with higher incomes. Costs of community nursing care ($86 on average per dyad) were higher for mothers with more than 5 self-identified learning needs (e.g., infant feeding, infant care and behaviour, emotional changes in self, signs of illness in infant); perception of their own health as poor; perception of inadequate help and support at home; many signs and symptoms of depression; and postpartum hospital stay of 48 hours or less. Costs for social work visits were higher for mothers with depression and mothers with low incomes. Total health and social service costs were double for mothers with family incomes under $20,000 ($788 vs. $399 on average per dyad) and for mothers with clinical depression ($845 vs. $413). Specifically, nursing care costs were greater for mothers with high depression scores ($135 vs. $81).
The Role of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase during C4 Photosynthetic Isotope Exchange and Stomatal Conductance1[OA]

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) plays a key role during C4 photosynthesis and is involved in anaplerotic metabolism, pH regulation, and stomatal opening. Heterozygous (Pp) and homozygous (pp) forms of a PEPC-deficient mutant of the C4 dicot Amaranthus edulis were used to study the effect of reduced PEPC activity on CO2 assimilation rates, stomatal conductance, and 13CO2 (Δ13C) and C18OO (Δ18O) isotope discrimination during leaf gas exchange. PEPC activity was reduced to 42% and 3% and the rates of CO2 assimilation in air dropped to 78% and 10% of the wild-type values in the Pp and pp mutants, respectively. Stomatal conductance in air (531 μbar CO2) was similar in the wild-type and Pp mutant but the pp mutant had only 41% of the wild-type steady-state conductance under white light and the stomata opened more slowly in response to increased light or reduced CO2 partial pressure, suggesting that the C4 PEPC isoform plays an essential role in stomatal opening. There was little difference in Δ13C between the Pp mutant (3.0‰ ± 0.4‰) and wild type (3.3‰ ± 0.4‰), indicating that leakiness (ϕ), the ratio of CO2 leak rate out of the bundle sheath to the rate of CO2 supply by the C4 cycle, a measure of the coordination of C4 photosynthesis, was not affected by a 60% reduction in PEPC activity. In the pp mutant Δ13C was 16‰ ± 3.2‰, indicative of direct CO2 fixation by Rubisco in the bundle sheath at ambient CO2 partial pressure. Δ18O measurements indicated that the extent of isotopic equilibrium between leaf water and the CO2 at the site of oxygen exchange (θ) was low (0.6) in the wild-type and Pp mutant but increased to 0.9 in the pp mutant. We conclude that in vitro carbonic anhydrase activity overestimated θ as compared to values determined from Δ18O in wild-type plants.
Quadrature frontend with directional coupler for RF reflection coefficient measurements

A Cartesian approach reflection coefficient measurement block based on a directional coupler and four quadrature mixers is presented in this work. The block was designed for use in an automatic impedance matching system in the ultra-high frequency range. Simulations, including parasitics, resulted in an average error of 3.4% full-scale and indicate a high potential of the approach for an implementation in integrated circuit technology. Measurements on a discrete setup demonstrate a maximum error of 28% full-scale and prove the usefulness of the approach.
Etude du temps de sejour des residus alimentaires dans le tube digestif des vaches laitieres : aspects methodologiques et facteurs de variation

Le transit dans le tube digestif de la vache laitiere a ete etudie en administrant des marqueurs indigestibles (terres rares fixees aux particules; peg ou cr edta) et en suivant leur cinetique d'apparition en un point du tube digestif posterieur a celui de leur administration. La part du temps de sejour total passe dans les estomacs a represente 80% pour les particules et 50% pour les liquides. Compare au transit des particules, celui des liquides a ete plus rapide dans le rumen et similaire dans les intestins. Ces valeurs ont pu etre estimees a partir des cinetiques fecales d'excretion des marqueurs distribues oralement par simple analyse descriptive et non par modelisation. La limitation du niveau d'ingestion a provoque une augmentation du temps de sejour, variable suivant l'encombrement des rations. Le regime a base d'herbe a transite dans le rumen plus rapidement que les regimes hivernaux. Le stade de lactation a eu un effet important sur le volume des liquides du rumen et le tarissement a provoque un accroissement du temps de sejour des particules dans le rumen. Les ecarts entre les individus ont ete importants et expliques a la fois par des variations du temps de reduction de taille des particules et du temps de sejour dans le rumen. Le temps de sejour du concentre a toujours ete inferieur mais tres correle a celui du fourrage auquel il etait associe. La sortie des petites particules du rumen semble acceleree par le flux des liquides et retardee par leur emprisonnement dans le materiel plus grossier du rumen. Les variations du temps de sejour n'ont pas ete directement reliees a celles de la digestibilite de la ration ou au flux des residus alimentaires a l'entree de l'intestin grele
Review on the development and future trend of the intrusion detection system (IDS)

Invasion of attack technology and detection technology in a certain extent, is promote each other, in order to accurately and effectively detect known and unknown attacks, with superior algorithm in intrusion detection system and technology, mainly is the artificial intelligence technology, mobile agent technology, data fusion associated with information technology. The research is undertaken on the analysis of the existing technology, on the basis of review of research, the development trend of intrusion detection system (IDS development lay the foundation for subsequent theory. The author want to analysis technology including, but not limited to the following several aspects: (1) the information fusion technology. Fusion is the process of different sensors, low level of the relativity of warning according to certain algorithm into a higher level of warning information, which will help to solve the problem of false positives and omission. The fusion process is a huge, huge noise detection information detection and extraction of target process; (2) the evolution mechanism of the simulation. Through the analysis of existing bionic algorithm that is the immune algorithm, tabu search algorithm, artificial fish algorithm and its application in Intrusion Detection Systems; (3) the mobile agent technology. Detection method based on agent is very powerful, it allows the intrusion detection system based on agent to provide a combination of anomaly detection and misuse detection ability.
A Neutron Hardness Assurance Screen Based on High-Frequency Probe Measurements

The objective of this study was to devise wafer level AC measurement procedures as an aid to the development of production line radiation hardness assurance screens and controls for complex Integrated Circuits (ICs). This objective was met using a commercially available AC probe and associated test equipment in conjunction with removable probe pads connected to critical circuit node points. The procedure was demonstrated for the test case of 100% electrical screens for neutron effects on transistors on dielectrically isolated linear circuits. Prediction accuracies (using a damage factor obtained independently) averaged 4% with a 4% standard deviation. This test case was only a part of the more general development program which is still in progress. A number of other applications for the measurement procedure are described.
Direct comparison of solid-phase gastric emptying times assessed by means of a carbon isotope-labeled sodium acetate breath test and technetium Tc 99m albumin colloid radioscintigraphy in healthy cats.

OBJECTIVE To directly compare solid-phase gastric emptying times assessed by means of a [(13)C]sodium acetate breath test ([(13)C]-SABT) and technetium Tc 99m albumin colloid radioscintigraphy ((99m)Tc-ACR) in healthy cats. ANIMALS 12 healthy cats. PROCEDURE After ingestion of a test meal containing 50 mg of [(13)C]sodium acetate and 250 MBq of (99m)Tc-albumin colloid, each cat underwent simultaneous [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR on 2 consecutive days. Breath samples and scintigrams were acquired at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, 360, 480, and 600 minutes after meal ingestion. Quartiles of gastric emptying (25%, 50%, and 75%) were calculated for breath test analysis by use of the area under the curve of the (13)C:(12)C ratio. Quartiles of gastric emptying times were extrapolated from the scintigraphic findings by beans of nonlinear curve regression analysis. RESULTS Mean ± SD gastric half-emptying (50%) times obtained with [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR, were 239 ± 28 minutes and 276 ± 59 minutes, respectively. A 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that mean gastric emptying times determined with [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR differed significantly. For the stages of gastric emptying, Pearson correlation between the 2 methods was good at 25% (r = 0.655) and weak at 50% (r = 0.588) and 75% (r = 0.566)of gastric emptying. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the [(13)C]-SABT can be a valid alternative to (99m)Tc-ACR in healthy cats; it was easy to perform, was tolerated well by the cats, and had acceptable correlation to scintigraphic findings at gastric emptying of 25%, 50% and 75%. Studies in cats with delayed gastric emptying will be needed to verify the validity of the [(13)C]-SABT.
Colorectal Cancer Due to Deficiency in DNA Mismatch Repair Function: A Review

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome attributable to deleterious germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. The syndrome is typified by early-onset, frequently right-sided colorectal cancers (CRCs) with characteristic histologic features and tendency for multiplicity and an increased risk for extracolonic tumors at particular sites; it accounts for 1% to 5% of CRC. Deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) function manifests as immunohistochemically detectable absence of one or more MMR proteins and microsatellite instability (MSI). Approximately 15% of sporadic, noninherited CRC are characterized by high-level MSI, nearly always owing to transcriptional silencing of MLH1; these sporadic and LS cases exhibit considerable phenotypic overlap. Identification of CRC with dMMR is desirable to identify LS and because MSI status is prognostic and potentially predictive. This review will discuss the history of LS, the principles of MMR and MSI, the clinicopathologic features of LS-associated and sporadic high-level MSI CRC, the fundamentals of clinical testing for dMMR CRC, and the results of the Columbus-area Lynch syndrome study. We conclude with our approach to population-based LS screening based on institutional experience with nearly 2000 cases.
The nacre protein perlucin nucleates growth of calcium carbonate crystals

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous solution was used to investigate native nacre of the marine snail Haliotis laevigata on the microscopic scale and the interaction of purified nacre proteins with calcium carbonate crystals on the nanoscopic scale. These investigations were controlled by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (LM) and biochemical methods. For investigations with AFM and SEM, nacre was cleaved parallel to the aragonite tablets in this biogenic polymer/mineral composite. Multilamellar organic sheets consisting of a core of chitin with layers of proteins attached on both sides lay between the aragonite layers consisting of confluent aragonite tablets. Cleavage appeared to occur between the aragonite tablet layer and the protein layer. AFM images revealed a honeycomb‐like structure to the organic material with a diameter of the ‘honeycombs’ equalling that of the aragonite tablets. The walls of the structures consisted of filaments, which were suggested to be collagen. The flat regions of the honeycomb‐like structures exhibited a hole with a diameter of more than 100 nm. When incubated in saturated calcium carbonate solution, aragonite needles with perfect vertical orientation grew on the proteinacous surface. After treatment with proteinase K, no growth of orientated aragonite needles was detected. Direct AFM measurements on dissolving and growing calcite crystals revealed a surface structure with straight steps the number of which decreased with crystal growth. When the purified nacre protein perlucin was added to the growth solution (a super‐saturated calcium carbonate solution) new layers were nucleated and the number of steps increased. Anion exchange chromatography of the water‐soluble proteins revealed a mixture of about 10 different proteins. When this mixture was dialysed against saturated calcium carbonate solution and sodium chloride, calcium carbonate crystals precipitated together with perlucin leaving the other proteins in the supernatant. Thus perlucin was shown to be a protein able to nucleate calcium carbonate layers on calcite surfaces, and in the presence of sodium chloride, is incorporated as an intracrystalline protein into calcium carbonate crystals.
Intracellular Polyamine Levels Are Involved in NMDA‐Evoked Nitric Oxide Production in Chick Retina Cells

Abstract: The NMDA‐sensitive glutamate receptor complex can be modulated by numerous drugs and endogenous substances such as polyamines. We studied the pathway of arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP in cultured chick retina cells through NMDA receptor activation, seen as a function of both differentiation stages of culture and intracellular polyamine levels. In our experimental conditions, the nitric oxide synthase activity was stimulated by NMDA from three to four times between embryonic day (E) 8 plus 5 days in vitro (C) and E8C7. The NMDA response was blocked by MK‐801 (10 μM) by >60% at stage E8C5. During culture differentiation, the NMDA‐induced increase in nitric oxide synthase activity at the E8C5 stage was blocked by preliminary incubation (24 h) of the cells with α‐difluoromethylornithine, the inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis. This effect was assessed by a reduction of NMDA‐evoked cyclic GMP formation in polyamine‐depleted retina cells. Thus, intracellular polyamine levels are involved in NMDA‐evoked nitric oxide production. Our results indicate that (a) the developmental pattern of polyamine levels can be associated with the modulation of NMDA‐evoked events and (b) the NMDA‐mediated effects have been reduced in α‐difluoromethylornithine‐treated cell cultures. These observations provide evidence for a physiological interaction between polyamines and NMDA‐sensitive glutamate receptors during differentiation stages of cultured chick retina cells.
People's praise and blame for intentions and actions: implications of the folk concept of intentionality

for his helpful comments on a previous draft of this paper and Lew Goldberg, Robert Mauro, John Orbell, and Mick Rothbart for their suggestions on study design and analyses. Portions of this article were presented at the APA convention in San Francisco, August 1998. Correspondence should be sent to Bertram F. Malle, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, or to bfmalle@darkwing.uoregon. edu.
Reversible renal insufficiency due to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertensive nephrosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE To review the incidence of reversible renal insufficiency in patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis undergoing antihypertensive therapy. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 73 patients in a long-term blood pressure control study that compared the effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor plus conventional antihypertensive agents compared with placebo plus antihypertensive agents. SETTING Hospital-based outpatient treatment center. INTERVENTIONS Patients were divided into group 1, which received enalapril plus conventional antihypertensives, and group 2, which received placebo plus conventional antihypertensives. MEASUREMENTS Blood pressure and serum creatinine levels were measured, and imaging studies of the main renal arteries were done. MAIN RESULTS In group 1, eight of 42 patients (19%, 95% CI, 9% to 34%) developed reversible renal insufficiency, defined as an unexpected increase in serum creatinine of 88 mumol/L or higher. Six episodes of reversible renal insufficiency occurred during July and August when temperatures were 32.2 degrees C to 37.8 degrees C (90 degrees F to 100 degrees F). Renal artery stenosis was excluded by renal arteriogram or ultrasonic duplex scanning. All eight group-1 patients had a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure below their baseline level during reversible renal insufficiency (mean change, -28 +/- 10 mm Hg, P less than 0.001). The increase in the serum creatinine level was inversely correlated with the decrease in the mean arterial pressure (r = -0.68, P less than 0.01). Reversible renal insufficiency was successfully managed by withdrawing or reducing enalapril as well as other antihypertensive agents. Subsequently, enalapril was tolerated by seven of the eight patients without recurrence of renal insufficiency. In contrast, none of 31 (CI, 0% to 11%) patients in group 2 developed reversible renal insufficiency despite the fact that both the incidence of decreases in mean arterial pressure in 6 of 31 patients (19%) and the magnitude of the decreases in mean arterial pressure (mean change, -33 +/- 16 mm Hg) were similar to those observed in group 1. CONCLUSIONS Reversible renal insufficiency in hypertensive nephrosclerosis associated with ACE inhibitor therapy correlates with relative hypotension, is not dependent on renal artery stenosis, and can usually be managed by dose reduction.
A 1:1 cocrystal of 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde and 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(9)H(11)NO.C(9)H(9)N(5), contains one molecule of each component in the asymmetric unit. Approximately planar clusters of four molecules are formed by N-H.N and N-H.O hydrogen bonds, and further N-H.N hydrogen bonds link adjacent clusters to form pleated ribbons. pi-pi interactions are found between triazine and aldehyde benzene rings in different clusters, generating stacks along the monoclinic b axis. The intramolecular geometry of the two components is similar to that found in other crystal structures containing these molecules. Both molecules are approximately planar, except for methyl H atoms, with a small twist about the C-C bond linking the phenyl and triazine rings.
Prevalence and impact of occult hepatitis B infection in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin

The prevalence of occult hepatitis B, defined by absence of HBsAg and HBV DNA, ranges widely in patients with hepatitis C. This may influence the treatment of hepatitis C and the severity of liver disease. Sensitive and specific real‐time PCR techniques are available commercially and can detect more reliably low HBV DNA levels. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection using the COBAS Taqman assay (Roche Diagnostics, Meylan, France) in the serum and liver of HBsAg negative patients with chronic hepatitis C and to evaluate its clinical consequences on liver pathology and its impact on the response to treatment with peg‐IFNα and Ribavirin. HBV DNA detection was assessed retrospectively on 140 sera and 113 liver biopsies of HCV positive/HBsAg negative patients before treatment. A 4.4% (5/113) prevalence of occult hepatitis B was recorded in liver samples and in none of the sera. Anti‐HBc was not detected in one, three of whom were sustained virological responders to treatment, one was relapsed responder and one was non‐responder. Furthermore, in this cohort composed of 12% anti‐HBs negative/anti‐HBc positive and 20% anti‐HBs positive/anti‐HBc positive patients, anti‐HBc was not associated with pre‐therapeutic viral load, ALT serum levels, and histological activity or fibrosis. Using a commercial real‐time PCR assay, we observed a low prevalence of occult B hepatitis. This, just as anti‐HBC status, had no clinical impact in a large cohort of hepatitis C patients. It therefore does not appear useful to screen for occult hepatitis B in these patients with this test before beginning HCV treatment. J. Med. Virol. 82: 000–000, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. J. Med. Virol. 82: 747–754, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leveraging Twitter to gauge evacuation compliance: Spatiotemporal analysis of Hurricane Matthew

Hurricane Matthew was the deadliest Atlantic storm since Katrina in 2005 and prompted one of the largest recent hurricane evacuations along the Southeastern coast of the United States. The storm and its projected landfall triggered a massive social media reaction. Using Twitter data, this paper examines the spatiotemporal variability in social media response and develops a novel approach to leverage geotagged tweets to assess the evacuation responses of residents. The approach involves the retrieval of tweets from the Twitter Stream, the creation and filtering of different datasets, and the statistical and spatial processing and treatment to extract, plot and map the results. As expected, peak Twitter response was reached during the pre-impact and preparedness phase, and decreased abruptly after the passage of the storm. A comparison between two time periods—pre-evacuation (October 2th-4th) and post-evacuation (October 7th-9th)—indicates that 54% of Twitter users moved away from the coast to a safer location, with observed differences by state on the timing of the evacuation. A specific sub-state analysis of South Carolina illustrated overall compliance with evacuation orders and detailed information on the timing of departure from the coast as well as the destination location. These findings advance the use of big data and citizen-as-sensor approaches for public safety issues, providing an effective and near real-time alternative for measuring compliance with evacuation orders.