Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser Light Scattering of Model Casein Solutions: Effects of High Temperature

Abstract Static and dynamic light scattering studies of sodium cascinate solution in a Pipes-KCl buffer at pH 6.75 and a constant ionic strength in the dilute concentration regime are presented. In the absence of calcium ions, a bimodal distribution with comparable scattering intensity contributions has been consistently observed by using the CONTIN method to analyze the dynamic light scattering data. However, based on the weight fraction of submicelles and that of the aggregates, the casein solution remains overwhelmingly in the submicellar form with sizes in the 20-nm range. The calcium-induced aggregation of these casein submicelles appears to be a time-dependent process. After reaching equilibrium, two aggregate fractions of different average sizes (about 90 and 350 nm) bare been detected in the casein solution. Casein submicelles are generally stable at high temperatures. But, a prolonged ultrahigh-temperature treatment (10 min at 140°C) can fully transform casein submicelles into very large aggregates. Calcium-induced aggregates exhibit reduced thermal stability. Modification of casein with iodoacetic acid to block the SH groups gives the protein a stronger resistance to calcium-induced aggregation, but significantly reduces its stability at high temperatures when the calcium ions are present.
PENETAPAN KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK TANAH DI BANJAR BANGAH, DESA BATURITI, KECAMATAN BATURITI, KABUPATEN TABANAN

Organic material (BO) is one of the soil components that is sourced from the remaining plants and animals found in the soil. The form of the results of the reform of organic material (vegetable waste) in the soil which is relatively resistant to weathering is humus. This research was carried out in Bangah Banjar, Baturiti Village, Baturiti Subdistrict, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, with a flat relief condition and on a 1% slope and continuous landuse or vegetation. The way this research works is by taking a handful of soil, placing it on plastic or porcelain, then dripping with 10% H2O2 solution and observing the symptoms that occur, then we observe if there is no foam, it does not contain organic ingredients. little organic (+), there is a lot of foam arising means the content of medium organic material (+ +), and if there arises a lot of foam means high content of organic material (+ + +). The content of soil organic matter in Banjar Bangah, Baturiti Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency is highest at the 1st horizon and the lowest at the 3rd horizon. This means that the development of plant roots is well located at the 1st horizon while at horizon 3 is not good for plant root development because the content of soil organic material is low. So draenase at the 1st horizon is bad while draenase is at the 3 horizon either due to oxidation or high mineralization.
Comparison of activated carbon prepared from olive stones by microwave and conventional heating for iron (II), lead (II), and copper (II) removal from synthetic wastewater

Activated carbon with high surface area was prepared from olive stone by microwave heating (MHOS) for the removal of a group of heavy metals Fe2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ from synthetic wastewater. As a comparison, activated carbon was also prepared by conventional heating (CHOS) method. The effects of different reaction parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, stirring speed, and initial pH, on pollutant removal efficiency were determined. The microwave heating requires significantly lesser holding time as compared to conventional heating method to produce activated carbon of comparable quality, with higher yield. The BET surface area of carbon using microwave heating is noticeably higher than the conventional heating. Although the mesopore surface area of carbon is not vary significantly, the activation time and power consumption are considerably lower than the conventional heating rendering that the activation process via microwave is more economical than that via conventional heating. The adsorption capacity was found higher using microwave heating as compared with conventional heating. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model and the adsorption capacity for Fe2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ were found to be 62.50, 23.47, and 22.73 mg/g for MHOS; while 57.47, 22.37, and 17.83 mg/g for CHOS, respectively at pH 5, 3 h contact time and 200 rpm shaking speed. Regeneration studies showed that MHOS and CHOS could be used several times by desorption with an HCl reagent. A pseudo second‐order model sufficiently described the adsorption kinetics for both carbons, which indicates that the adsorption process was controlled by chemisorption. Both carbons can be used for the efficient removal of Fe2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ (>99%) from contaminated wastewater. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1074–1085, 2014
Synthese des Syringaresinols und Versuche mit Sinapinalkohol

D L-Syringaresinol (X), Sinapinalkohol-methylather (III) und 3.4. 5-Trimethoxy-zimtalkohol (VI) wurden synthetisiert. Durch Glucosidierung des Sinapinalkohols wurde das Syringin (II) gewonnen.
Chemical composition of the essential oils of Lantana camara L. occurring in south China

Steam-distilled volatile oils from the leaves and ﬂowers of Lantana camara L. were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The oils are characterized by a high percentage of sesquiterpenes. The main components detected are germacrene D (15.85%), β-caryophyllene (12.35%), α-humulene (9.31%) and germacrene-B (6.19%). 1,8-Cineole (4.61%), an oxygenated monoterpene is also reported. The role of the essential oils and their isolates in insect pest control is mentioned. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy study of activation mechanism of Zr–V low activation temperature nonevaporable getter films

Thin films of the Zr–V alloy getter films were prepared on stainless steel substrates by magnetron sputtering. The getter activation behavior was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, static secondary ion mass spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and molecular beam technique. All measurements reflect the disappearance of the superficial oxide layer covering air exposed Zr–V surfaces via consecutive variation of the oxide stoichiometry during thermal activation. The adsorbed carbon is transformed simultaneously to carbides. During the activation heating hydrogen diffuses toward the surface forming surface hydride and hydroxyl groups. Although the detectable activation proceeds already at temperatures above 160 °C, the activation process is reasonably fast (a few hours) at higher temperatures (above 200 °C).
Rheodielectric Behavior of Entangled cis-Polyisoprene under Fast Shear

For entangled solutions of linear and star-branched cis-polyisoprene (PI) chains, rheodielectric tests were conducted to examine the nonequilibrium chain dynamics under steady shear. The PI chains had the type-A dipoles parallel along their backbone, and the observed rheodielectric behavior reflected the dynamics (fluctuation) of the end-to-end vector of the linear chain and/or the star arm in the shear gradient direction. This behavior changed only slightly, in both relaxation time and intensity, with the shear rate γ even in the significantly thinning regime at 1/τ i < γ < 1/τ Rouse , with τ 1 = terminal relaxation time and τ Rouse = Rouse relaxation time for the chain length equilibration. Comparison of the γ-insensitive rheodielectric intensity data and the non-Newtonian viscosity/normal stress data indicated that an isochronal orientational cross-correlation emerged over some number (β) of entanglement segments under fast shear. This result was analyzed on the basis of the molecular picture of dynamic tube dilation (DTD) induced by the convective constraint release (CCR). The analysis suggested β ≅ 1.8 and ≅ 1.2 for the linear and star chains at the largest γ examined. The CCR-DTD picture was consistent also with the observed γ-insensitivity of the rheodielectric relaxation time. Furthermore, the current CCR models for the linear chain were examined for the rheodielectric data. It turned out that the observed γ-insensitivity of the relaxation time was not straightforwardly deduced from the models.
A fast charging/discharging all-solid-state lithium ion battery based on PEO-MIL-53(Al)-LiTFSI thin film electrolyte

Metal–organic framework aluminum 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (MIL-53(Al)) is used as a filler for a polyethylene oxide (PEO) based thin film electrolyte. With the participation of MIL-53(Al), the ionic conductivity of this electrolyte is increased from 9.66 × 10−4 S cm−1 to 3.39 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 120 °C and the oxidation potential is raised from 4.99 V to 5.10 V. In addition, an all-solid-state LiFePO4/Li button battery based on the electrolyte is fabricated. At 5 C and 120 °C, the battery delivers the discharge capacity of 136.4 mA h g−1 in the initial cycle, 129.2 mA h g−1 in the 300th cycle, and 83.5 mA h g−1 in the 1400th cycle. At 10 C and 120 °C, its discharge capacity is 116.2 mA h g−1 in the initial cycle and 103.5 mA h g−1 in the 110th cycle. The results indicate that this metal–organic framework (MIL-53(Al)) is a novel structural modifier for solid polymer electrolytes in fast charging/discharging lithium ion batteries.
Artificial Intelligence in Aircraft Docking: The Fear of Reducing Ground Marshalling Jobs to Robots and Way-Out

This study gaudily examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence on aircraft docking, and technophobia that may arise on the part of ground marshallers. Ground marshallers are ground personnel that signal or communicate visually to pilots when docking the aircraft in an airport. Artificial Intelligence is an expert system which can be incorporated in different areas, such as finance, transportation, aviation, and tele-communications. Attitude theory and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) were used to establish the acceptance of Artificial Intelligence. It should be noted that expert systems make decisions which requires human level of expertise. In order to reduce the fear that technology will replace the jobs of human in the field of air transportation particularly with aircraft docking, it is crucial for airport personnel to embrace the upcoming revolution by developing themselves as regard Artificial Intelligence; Universities should prepare the transport students to face the upcoming reality. Also various organizations should put in place necessary resources needed to be part of this revolution which will be fully achieved in the fourth indus-trial revolution and the fifth industrial revolution.
Microfiltration of Primary Effluent for Clarification and Microbial Removal

Microfiltration (MF) is gaining popularity as a process for providing clarification and a physical means of disinfection or microbial removal. This work presents the concept of using MF to directly treat primary wastewater effluent, and discusses results from pilot testing of MF for removal of suspended solids, bacteria, and other micro-organisms. In the wastewater industry, MF of primary effluent has applicability as a potential means of physically disinfecting wastewater for direct discharge without the use of conventional secondary treatment and chemical disinfection. In the water reuse industry, it can be applied as part of the reclamation process in a more efficiently integrated reclamation process. MF of the primary effluent was tested at a pilot scale for more than 1 year using a membrane system with 0.2- μ m membrane pore size and a pressure vessel configuration. The MF pilot demonstrated stable hydraulic operation with no or negligible evidence of long-term (irreversible) fouling. Excellent solid.
First-principles study of graphene-lithium structures for battery applications

In order to identify the best and most promising graphene-lithium structures for battery applications, we performed a systematic study of different multilayer graphene-lithium structures using first-principles density-functional theory. The most promising structure identified is a few layer compound which contains a single graphene layer and four lithium layers. In this structure, lithium density is six times higher than that of intercalated graphite, and high lithium density observed in recent experiments can be due to this structure. In addition, we show that electron density distribution around the positive Li ions is very important to design new advanced materials for battery applications.
A New Nitric Oxide Gas Sensor Based on Reticulated Vitreous Carbon/Nafion and Its Applications

Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC), and Nafion membrane are used to fabricate a composition electrode to measure nitric oxide (NO) concentration amperometrically in the gas phase. Limit of detection was found to be 6 ppb at an applied voltage of 0.66 V (vs. mercury sulfate reference electrode) with average response time of less than 30 seconds. The response of the sensor was linearly dependent on the concentration over the whole tested range from 19 ppb-50 ppm of NO. Simplicity in electrode fabrication and consistent performance between individual sensors make RVC and Nafion attractive materials for detecting very low levels of nitric oxide gas in routine analysis.
Preparation of High-Consistency Diced Tomatoes by Immersion in Calcifying Solutions. A Pilot Plant Study

A continuous process to improve the consistency of diced tomatoes based on product immersion in calcifying solutions was developed. The process efficacy was evaluated by a pilot plant built for this purpose. The diced tomatoes were immersed in a saline solution containing tomato serum, sodium, and calcium chloride. The pH of the calcifying solution was held constant through the process to a value close to neutrality by a device for the automatic addition of sodium hydroxide to the calcifying solution. The results showed a substantial consistency increase in the product obtained by immersion with respect to the product obtained by direct calcium addition. Moreover, the immersion product, consistency being equal, shows lower calcium content. This new technology was also employed for the preparation of diced tomatoes packaged aseptically. The results showed that the consistency increment was about 200% more with respect to the product obtained with the traditional technology of aseptic packaging, whereas the.
Under what conditions can a glass be formed

Summary Generally substances are more stable in a crystalline than in a glassy state. Therefore, to form a glass, crystallization must be bypassed. Under certain conditions, the melts of many substances can be cooled to the glass state. Whether or not the melt of a given material forms a glass is determined principally by a set of factors which can be specified to some extent in the laboratory, namely, the cooling rate, - T, the liquid volume, v], and the seed density, ps and upon a set of materials constants: the reduced crystal–liquid interfacial tension, α the fraction, f, of acceptor sites in the crystal surface, and the reduced glass temperature, Trg . The glass-forming tendency will be greater the larger are - T and Trg and the smaller are v]. ps, and f. The number and variety of substances which have been prepared in a glassy or ‘amorphous solid’ form have been greatly increased with techniques in which the material is condensed from solution on to a surface held well below its glass temperature. T.
Swelling Behaviors of pH- and Salt-Responsive Cellulose-Based Hydrogels

Ampholytic hydrogels with pH and salt responsive properties have been synthesized by cross-linking quaternized cellulose (QC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with epichlorohydrin (ECH) in NaOH aqueous solution. The swelling behaviors of the QC/CMC hydrogels were studied as a function of the polymer composition, pH, and salt concentration. The equilibrium swelling ratio of the hydrogel in ultrapure water strongly depended on the composition, and increased dramatically from 8.6 to 498 g/g with the change of the weight ratio of QC to CMC from 3:1 to 1:3 (w/w). The hydrogel (Gel32) consisted of QC and CMC in the ratio of 3:2 (w/w) had the minimum swelling ratio, and it was electrically neutral. The results from ζ-potential experiments were in good agreement with the theoretically calculated stoichiometry for balanced charge, confirming that the weight ratio of QC and CMC was 1.5, corresponding to Gel32. Furthermore, all hydrogels exhibited excellent pH sensitivity in the range of pH from 1 to 13 and shrunk .
Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Contents of some Traditional Medicinal Plants from Zimbabwe

Abstract Fourteen (14) medicinal plants used by traditional medical practitioners in treating sexually transmitted diseases and common ailments were selected after an ethno-botanical survey of five districts from Zimbabwe. Plant extracts were screened for phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity by reducing 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical with ®-carotene as reference and through total phenolic content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as reference. Ten (10) of the twenty-eight (28) methanolic extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity with percentages equal or greater than 90 % compared to reference ®-carotene (99 %). Antioxidant activity for Rhus chirindensis, Khaya anthotheca, Gymnosporia senegalensis and Flacourtica indica was equal or greater than 95 %. Their TPCs ranged from 0.596 mg/mg to 0.105 mg/mg GAE. The TPC in some of the extracts correlate with their antiradical activity (r2=0.57) confirming that the phenolics are the likely cause of the radical scavenging activity. Commonest phytochemical groups identified were tannins, flavonoids and saponins. The strong antioxidant activity combined with potential antiinfective activity may reflect the popular use of these medicinal plants by traditional healers in treating viral, bacterial and fungal infections caused by HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases as well as other neurodegenerative diseases by arresting or reversing cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The plants could be sources of new therapeutic drugs and should be harvested sustainably, cultivated and propagated.
Rheo-Optical Studies of High Polymers. XXI. The Deformation Process and Crystal Transformation in Polybutene-1

The crystal transformation from modification 2 to modification 1 in unstrained polybutene-1 films was observed by the infrared absorption and refractive index methods. The crystal transformation and orientation during stress-strain measurements were also observed by means of the infrared dichroism method developed by us. The crystal transformation in a fresh sample begins at about 30 min after the sample preparation, and the degree of transformation increases with increasing time until it reaches about 0.9 at 50 hr and 1.0 about 3 weeks after the sample preparation. The rate of crystal transformation could be expressed by an equation of the same form as that for the one-dimensional crystallization rate.Stress-strain curves, degree of crystal transformation vs. strain curves as well as infrared dichroic ratio vs. strain curves for film specimens having different initial degrees of crystal transformation differ remarkably. On the basis of these experimental results, the deformation and crystal transformation processes during stree-strain measurements under constant rate of elongation are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s containing pendant sodium sulfonate groups

Poly(ether sulfone)s containing pendant sodium sulfonate groups were prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (1) and sodium 5,5′-sulfonylbis (2-chlorobenzenesulfonate) (2) with bisphenols (3) in the presence of potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethylacetamide. A new monomer 2 containing the sodium sulfonate groups was synthesized by the sulfonation of 1 with fuming sulfuric acid. The polycondensation proceeded smoothly at 170°C and produced the desired poly(ether sulfone)s containing the sodium sulfonate with inherent viscosities up to 1.2 dL/g. The polymers were quite soluble in strong acid, dipolar aprotic solvents, m-cresol, and dichloromethane. The thermogravimetry of the polymers showed excellent thermal stability, indicating that 10% weight losses of the polymers were observed in the range above 460°C in nitrogen atmosphere. Both the glass transition temperatures and hydrophilicity of the polymers increased with increasing their concentrations of sodium sulfonate groups. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of sidechain interactions within and between proteins

This thesis deals with the analysis of protein structures and their complexes which has been made possible by the high number of good quality protein structures available. It essentially falls into parts whereby the first part deals with the role of sidechains within proteins and the second part deals with the role of sidechains between proteins. For the first part of this thesis a statistical analysis of the atomic environments around the sidechains of arginine and phenylalanine was performed. A database of 62 high resolution protein structures was used. The contact preferences and the geometrical distributions of 19 different atom types around the sidechains were studied. The results show that polarity, covalent constraints, volume occlusion and solvent accessibility are the key factors governing the packing arrangements of the atoms around the sidechains. Theoretical methods were used then to try and ‘predict’ these experimental atom-sidechain distributions. For this purpose a commercially available energetics package was used. In due course it is hoped that the results of these studies will be successfully incorporated into a novel algorithm regarding the development of new drug molecules. Preliminary results are promising. The second part of this thesis presents an extensive analysis of the mode of binding of peptidic inhibitors to the aspartyl proteinase endothiapepsin. Endothiapepsin is an enzymic protein which belongs to the same family as the medically important HIV-1 protease. A general pattern emerged whereby the inner residues of the peptidic inhibitors were found to bind more tightly to the enzyme than the outer residues. The results of this study together with information about the binding constants of the inhibitors in their complexes have led to the suggestion of alternative designs of the inhibitors which may function equally well or even better.
Model for Gelatinization of Wheat Starch in a Twin‐Screw Extruder

Wheat starch was processed in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, at moisture contents 25% and 30%, screw speeds 200 and 300 rpm, feed rate 30 kg/hr, and barrel temperature settings 100, 120, 140, and 160°C. Degree of starch gelatinization at each point along the extruder channel was determined by sampling and analyzing material inside the extruder. Kinetics of the gelatinization during extrusion was investigated. A first-order rate equation was developed to predict degree of starch gelatinization during extrusion. The rate constant was a function of both temperature and shear stress.