Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Justification of Eddy Currents Model for the Maxwell Equations

This paper is concerned with the approximation of the Maxwell equations by the eddy currents model, which appears as a correction of the quasi-static model. The eddy currents model is obtained by neglecting the displacement currents in the Maxwell equations and exhibits an elliptic character in the time-harmonic formulation. Our main concern in this paper is to show that the eddy currents model approximates the full Maxwell system up to the second order with respect to the frequency if and only if an additional condition on the current source is fulfilled. Otherwise, it is a first-order approximation to the Maxwell equations. We also study the well-posedness of the eddy currents model and investigate the time-dependent case. All our results strongly depend on the topology properties of the domains under consideration. This dependence which is specific to Maxwell's equations does not appear for the two- or the three-dimensional Helmholtz operator.
The Functional Curli Amyloid Is Not Based on In-register Parallel β-Sheet Structure*

The extracellular curli proteins of Enterobacteriaceae form fibrous structures that are involved in biofilm formation and adhesion to host cells. These curli fibrils are considered a functional amyloid because they are not a consequence of misfolding, but they have many of the properties of protein amyloid. We confirm that fibrils formed by CsgA and CsgB, the primary curli proteins of Escherichia coli, possess many of the hallmarks typical of amyloid. Moreover we demonstrate that curli fibrils possess the cross-β structure that distinguishes protein amyloid. However, solid state NMR experiments indicate that curli structure is not based on an in-register parallel β-sheet architecture, which is common to many human disease-associated amyloids and the yeast prion amyloids. Solid state NMR and electron microscopy data are consistent with a β-helix-like structure but are not sufficient to establish such a structure definitively.
Chronic treatment with progesterone but not medroxyprogesterone acetate restores the endothelial control of vascular tone in the mesenteric artery of ovariectomized rats

Objective:To examine whether chronic administration of the natural hormone progesterone or a synthetic progestogen, medroxyprogesterone acetate, to ovariectomized rats affects the endothelial control of arterial tone in the isolated mesenteric artery. Design:Sham-operated rats received a daily subcutaneous injection of solvent (sesame oil), whereas ovariectomized rats received either sesame oil, progesterone (22 mg kg−1/day), or medroxyprogesterone acetate (22 mg kg−1/day) for 4 weeks, according to their respective group. Results:Phenylephrine-induced contractions were significantly increased (about 200% at 10 μM) by Nw-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in intact mesenteric arterial rings from the sham-operated but not from the ovariectomized group. The progesterone but not the medroxyprogesterone treatment restored the potentiating effect of Nw-nitro-L-arginine on phenylephrine-induced contraction (about 180% at 10 μM). Contractions to phenylephrine were not affected by the combination of charybdotoxin plus apamin, two inhibitors of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated responses, in all groups. Acetylcholine induced endothelium-dependent relaxations, which were partially inhibited by Nw-nitro-L-arginine and abolished by the combination of Nw-nitro-L-arginine plus charybdotoxin and apamin, in all groups. Acetylcholine induced similar charybdotoxin and apamin-sensitive hyperpolarizations in intact mesenteric artery segments from all groups. Conclusions:Chronic administration of progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone, to ovarictomized rats restores the endothelium-dependent attenuation of contractile responses to phenylephrine in mesenteric arterial rings through the endothelial formation of nitric oxide. Thus, an enhancement of the protective effect of endothelial cells on the arterial wall might contribute to the beneficial effect of certain progestogen-containing preparations during hormonal treatment.
Cocaine: cardiovascular effects in relation to inhibition of peripheral neuronal monoamine uptake and central stimulation of the sympathoadrenal system.

Cocaine (0.03-5.6 mg/kg i.v.) produced a dose-dependent and prolonged increase in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in conscious rats. The 0.3 and 1 mg/kg doses of cocaine potentiated the pressor response to exogenous norepinephrine (0.2 microgram/kg), whereas lower (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg) and higher (3 and 5.6 mg/kg) doses were ineffective. Desipramine (0.03-1 mg/kg), a prototype norepinephrine uptake blocker, did not alter blood pressure or heart rate. Nisoxetine (0.01-1 mg/kg), another norepinephrine selective uptake blocker, produced a small and brief (< 5 min) pressor response, but not tachycardiac response. Unlike cocaine, both desipramine and nisoxetine produced a dose-dependent potentiation of the pressor response to norepinephrine with the maximal potentiation exceeding that of cocaine. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were increased by cocaine (3 mg/kg), but not by nisoxetine (1 mg/kg). Chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine selectively antagonized cocaine-induced increases in both blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine levels, but did not alter cocaine-induced increases in heart rate or plasma epinephrine levels; the converse was the case with adrenal demedullation. Both the combination of chemical sympathectomy and adrenal demedullation and pretreatment with chlorisondamine (10 mg/kg) antagonized cocaine-induced pressor and tachycardiac effects and cocaine-induced increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. In the control group, cocaine (3 mg/kg) produced a biphasic increase in blood pressure consisting of an early peak increase of 52 +/- 2.5 mm Hg 15 sec after its injection followed by a quick and partial recovery to an increase of 20.5 +/- 3.3 mm Hg at 1 min which gradually declined to base-line values in about 30 min. Prazosin (1 mg/kg) pretreatment decreased the magnitude of the initial peak pressor response produced by cocaine and reversed the sustained pressor response to cocaine to a depressor response; the reversal of the pressor response to cocaine to a depressor response by prazosin was not seen after erythro-dl-1-(7-methylindan-4-yloxy)-3-isopropylaminobuta n-2-ol (ICI 118,551) (3 mg/kg) treatment or adrenal demedullation. Treatment with ICI 118,551 alone enhanced the magnitude of the sustained phase of the pressor response to cocaine. These results indicate that inhibition of peripheral sympathetic neuronal amine uptake mechanism by cocaine is not critical for initiating its pressor, tachycardiac and plasma catecholamine increasing effects in conscious rats and that central stimulation of sympathoadrenal neural axis activity plays an important role in these effects. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
High School Sport Specialization Patterns of Current Division I Athletes

Background: Sport specialization is a strategy to acquire superior sport performance in 1 sport but is associated with increased injury risk. Currently, the degree of high school specialization among Division I athletes is unknown. Hypothesis: College athletes will display increased rates of specialization as they progress through their high school careers. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Three hundred forty-three athletes (115 female) representing 9 sports from a Midwest Division I University completed a previously utilized sport specialization questionnaire regarding sport participation patterns for each grade of high school. McNemar and chi-square tests were used to investigate associations of grade, sport, and sex with prevalence of sport specialization category (low, moderate, high) (a priori P ≤ 0.05). Results: Specialization increased throughout high school, with 16.9% (n = 58) and 41.1% (n = 141) of athletes highly specialized in 9th and 12th grades, respectively. Football athletes were less likely to be highly specialized than nonfootball athletes for each year of high school (P < 0.001). There was no difference in degree of specialization between sexes at any grade level (P > 0.23). Conclusion: The majority of Division I athletes were not classified as highly specialized throughout high school, but the prevalence of high specialization increased as athletes progressed through high school. Nonfootball athletes were more likely to be highly specialized than football athletes at each grade level. Clinical Relevance: Most athletes who are recruited to participate in collegiate athletics will eventually specialize in their sport, but it does not appear that early specialization is necessary to become a Division I athlete. Athletes should be counseled regarding safe participation in sport during high school to minimize injury and maximize performance.
Phase II selection design trial of concurrent chemotherapy and cetuximab versus chemotherapy followed by cetuximab in advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: Southwest Oncology Group study S0342.

PURPOSE Randomized clinical trials failed to show a survival benefit for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus concurrent chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with preclinical data suggesting potential negative interactions. In contrast, pilot trials of the EGFR-targeted antibody, cetuximab, plus chemotherapy suggested enhanced antitumor activity. This randomized phase II trial was designed to select a cetuximab plus chemotherapy regimen for phase III evaluation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Treatment-naive patients with advanced-stage NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive paclitaxel (225 mg/m(2)) and carboplatin (area under the curve, 6) every 3 weeks plus concurrent cetuximab (400 mg/m(2) loading dose followed by 250 mg/m(2) weekly) for four cycles followed by maintenance cetuximab or sequential paclitaxel-carboplatin for four cycles followed by cetuximab. RESULTS Of 242 patients enrolled, 224 were eligible and assessable for response (106 and 118 patients in the concurrent and sequential arms, respectively). With a median follow-up time of 32 months, the median overall survival was 10.9 months (95% CI, 9.2 to 13.0 months) for patients receiving concurrent therapy and 10.7 months (95% CI, 8.5 to 12.8 months) for patients receiving sequential therapy (P = .57); 1-year survival rates were 45% (95% CI, 36% to 54%) and 44% (95% CI, 35% to 53%), respectively. Response rates and progression-free survival times were similar in both arms, as was grade 3 rash, whereas sensory neuropathy was higher in the concurrent arm (15% v 5% in the sequential arm; P = .036). CONCLUSION Although both regimens met the efficacy criterion for continued evaluation, the concurrent regimen of paclitaxel/carboplatin plus cetuximab was chosen.
3D analytical subthreshold and quantum mechanical analyses of double-gate MOSFET

Scaling studies on double-gate MOSFET and its variations are critical to CMOS technology node below 70 nm. In this work we present 3D analytical modeling in the subthreshold region and analytical quantum mechanical considerations of channel coupling that can facilitate device design and technology selection. The analytical models are corroborated with both experiments and distributed simulation.
A modification of the injury severity score that both improves accuracy and simplifies scoring.

OBJECTIVES The Injury Severity Score (ISS) has served as the standard summary measure of anatomic injury for more than 20 years. Nevertheless, the ISS has an idiosyncrasy that both impairs its predictive power and complicates its calculation. We present here a simple modification of the ISS called the New Injury Severity Score (NISS), which significantly outperforms the venerable but dated ISS as a predictor of mortality. DESIGN Retrospective calculation of NISS and comparison of NISS with prospectively calculated ISS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The NISS is defined as the sum of the squares of the Abbreviated Injury Scale scores of each of a patient's three most severe Abbreviated Injury Scale injuries regardless of the body region in which they occur. NISS values were calculated for every patient in two large independent data sets: 3,136 patients treated during a 4-year period at the American College of Surgeons' Level I trauma center in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and 3,449 patients treated during a 4-year period at the American College of Surgeons' Level I trauma center at the Emanuel Hospital in Portland, Oregon. The power of NISS to predict mortality was then compared with previously calculated ISS values for the same patients in each of the two data sets. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We find that NISS is not only simple to calculate but more predictive of survival as well (Albuquerque: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) ISS = 0.869, ROC NISS = 0.896, p < 0.001; Portland: ROC ISS = 0.896, ROC NISS = 0.907,p < 0.004). Moreover, NISS provides a better fit throughout its entire range of prediction (Hosmer Lemeshow statistic for Albuquerque ISS = 29.12, NISS = 8.88; Hosmer Lemeshow statistic for Portland ISS = 83.48, NISS = 19.86). CONCLUSION NISS should replace ISS as the standard summary measure of human trauma.
New enzymatic assay, parasite lactate dehydrogenase, in diagnosis of malaria in Kenya.

BACKGROUND The unique ability of plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase p(LDH) to utilise 3-acetyl pyridine dinucleotide (APAD) in lieu of NAD as a coenzyme in the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, led to the development of a biochemical assay for the detection of plasmodial parasitaemia. Researchers have reported that p(LDH) activity of plasmodia could be used as an assessment of parasitaemia since human red blood cells do not utilise APAD in the metabolism of glucose. OBJECTIVE To use p(LDH) for field and clinical diagnosis of malaria in endemic regions of Kenya. DESIGN Prospective field and clinical study. SETTING Kisumu District Hospital and Walter Reed malaria laboratory in Kenya. SUBJECTS The study subjects were of three different categories: the healthy non-infected individuals staying out of malaria endemic region (controls group 1), the nonparasitaemic and parasitaemic non- symptomatic healthy individuals living in endemic region {both field study group 2}, the non-parasitaemic and parasitaemic symptomatic individuals living in endemic region {both clinical study group 3}. RESULTS In the clinical studies, thin smear microscopy gave the highest sensitivity as 75.6% for plasma, while the highest specificity was 71.4%. For red blood cells, the highest sensitivity was 78.4% while specificity was 80%. In the field trials, the highest sensitivity was 89% using thin smear microscopy whereas the specificity was 45% for plasma cut off using thick smear. For red blood cells, the highest sensitivity was 79% while specificity was 66.7%. CONCLUSION The variations in sensitivity and specificity of this assay in comparison to microscopy is a strong indication that p(LDH) may be measuring even the sequestered parasites that cannot be visualised by microscopy. The results of this study validates the use of p(LDH) as an alternative objective test for malaria diagnosis against microscopy.
Peptide nucleic acid: Current perspectives and application for future therapeutics

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mimic based on a polyamide backbone first synthesized and reported by Peter Nielsen in 1991. PNA shows remarkable hybridization properties and has many exciting applications. It is chemically and biologicaly stable and can readily conjugate with peptides and other useful molecules. The search for new chemical modification of the PNA is a very active field of research and new structures are continuosly proposed. Conjugation of an oligonucleotide to some peptides that can move through the cell membrane would facilitate the passage of this conjugate across for delivery into the cell’s cytosol. Oligonucleotides can also be conjugated to lipids to yield derivatives with lipophilic properties that are capable to pass across the cell membrane. Thus, PNA can have multiple roles to perform in molecular biology, antigene therapy, molecular diagnostics and nano-biotechnology.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction accounts for up to 50% of hospitalized heart failure patients and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The pathophysiology is heterogeneous and not very well defined, which explains the lack of disease-specific therapies. The principles of treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are controlling volume with diuretics and diet, and controlling the comorbidities, mainly the hypertension. Further research is encouraged to ascertain the key components of the disease that will serve as targets for therapy.
Security Timing Ability and Fund Manager Performance

We propose a new measure of individual security timing ability as distinct from (aggregate) market timing ability. Security timing captures the proportion of potential returns generated by the fund manager over an evaluation period. Using a unique database of daily transactions, we examine the extent to which active fund managers are successful in timing their daily security entry and exit decisions. As hypothesized, we find that fund manager out-performance is significantly related to individual security timing.
Handwritten Chinese character analysis and preclassification using stroke structural sequence

A unique stroke ordering for handwritten Chinese characters is desirable in many applications including efficient character recognition and automatic radical extraction. Although there are some rules or conventions for writing Chinese characters, yet no consistent and complete rule set is available. Besides special radical knowledge is often needed. It is the purpose of this paper to propose a set of rules for stroke ordering for producing a unique stroke sequence for Chinese characters. It requires no special radical knowledge or knowledge of character block layouts, so it is easy for machine implementation. Moreover, the stroke sequences derived are similar to those given in the dictionary, if not the same. To deal with the writing, variations among writers, we generalize the derived stroke structure sequence to obtain a more consistent stroke information. This generalized stroke structural sequence can be used in the handwritten Chinese character preclassification. Experiments showing applications of our method are reported.
Clustering by support vector manifold learning

We solve a manifold learning problem by searching for hypersurfaces fitted to the data. The method, called support vector manifold learning (SVML), transforms data to a kernel-induced feature space, duplicates points, shifts them in two opposite directions and solves a classification problem using support vector machines (SVM). Then, we cluster data by mapping found hypersurfaces to clusters, the method is called support vector manifold learning clustering (SVMLC). We analyze how the choice of direction of moving points influences the error for fitting to the data. Moreover, we derive the generalization bound with Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension for SVML. The experiments on synthetic and real world data sets show that SVML is better in fitting to the data than one-class support vector machines (OCSVM) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) with statistical significance for OCSVM. The SVMLC method has comparable performance in clustering to OCSVM and KPCA. However, the SVMLC allows for improved grouping of points in the form of manifolds.
Characteristics of Traditional Food - the Viewpoint of the Tourism Business

The growing popularity of alternative forms of tourism and the increasing importance of unique characteristics and special atmosphere has drawn the attention to traditional foods. The latter have been studied in terms of nutrition qualities, potential for achieving sustainable development and benefits for local communities; customer perceptions have also been in the spotlight. There has been, however no evidence yet of how the tourism businesses perceive traditional foods and of the most important aspects of this specific product. The purpose of this study is to assess the perception of traditional food and the importance they lay on its main characteristics. location of the study: The study was conducted among 34 hotel and restaurant managers in South western Bulgaria using an on-line questionnaire sent to a total number of 120 hotels with restaurants at this location. results and implication: The most important characteristics of “traditional food” perceived by respondents are popularity within a certain region, authentic way of cooking, relatively long and real history of consumption and production. Persistent high quality, safety, healthiness and good taste are the qualities that restaurateurs are trying to provide. There is also evidence of tourism businesses not been aware of the importance of using ecologically clean local produce. Conclusion: Despite the small scale of this study on traditional foods and the way they are perceived by managers in tourism, results are informative and relevant to those in many European countries and could be used for implementation in the tourist business.
Czy wielkość przedsiębiorstwa różnicuje siłę oddziaływania czynników krajowych i branżowych na strukturę kapitału

The main objective of the study is to determine the relative importance of the country and industry factors in the corporate capital structure depending on the firm size. The analysis includes three size groups of firms in thirteen industries of nine EU countries and covers the period 2000-2009. The applied methods include econometric panel data modeling. The findings indicate that the impact of the country-specific and the industry-specific factors significantly depends on the size of firm. The results also reveal the greater importance of the country factors when referring to the analysis of total debt. However, in the case of long-term liabilities, these are the industry factors which occur more important.
The impact of variability on power

Summary form only given. The integrated circuit manufacturing process has inevitable imperfections and fluctuations that result in ever-growing systematic and random variations in the electrical parameters of active and passive devices fabricated. The impact of such variations on various aspects of chip performance has been the subject of numerous papers, and techniques for analyzing and dealing with such variability, broadly labelled design for manufacturability, are emerging as the next hot topic in this area. The focus of much of the current work in this area has been on timing, but it is well known that modern integrated circuits are very heavily power limited and that static and dynamic power have emerged as first class design objectives. In this paper, we review the various sources of process variability, and relate them to variability in the various parts of the power delivery subsystem. Specifically, we address variability in the following areas: 1. static (leakage) power; 2. dynamic power; 3. on-chip power grid; 4. on-chip decoupling capacitance; 5. package power grid; 6. workload. It is important to model all these sources of variability with the correct balance of effort and accuracy, thus it is important to get broad bounds on each of the sources in order to insure that the appropriate level of modeling and analysis investment is made in order to bound or worst-case each component without undue pessimism. It is also important to have a first order understanding of the technology trends in each of these sources of variability. This will allow the designer and CAD tool developer to anticipate future problem areas and plan work arounds as needed.