Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Le fractionnement de la métamémoire dans la maladie d'Alzheimer

Cette these porte sur les relations entre memoire et conscience du trouble dans la maladie d'Alzheimer. La maladie d'Alzheimer touche 5% de la population âgee de plus de 65 ans. Dans les faits, 880 000 personnes sont concernees en France en 2011 parmi lesquelles 30 000 sont âgees de moins de 35 ans. A l’heure actuelle, de nombreux progres ont ete faits permettant de mieux comprendre les deficits mnesiques chez ces patients et leur evolution au cours de la maladie. Toutefois, tres peu de recherches ont evalue l’influence de ces troubles de memoire sur la conscience du trouble et/ou de la maladie. L'axe principal de cette these sera donc d'evaluer comment les troubles de memoire dans la maladie d'Alzheimer influencent la conscience du trouble.
Linear analysis of phase noise in LC oscillators in deep submicron CMOS technologies

This paper investigates the phase noise in LC oscillators with NMOS cross-coupled pair by means of a linear analysis. The latter includes the impact of noise sources that are often neglected, such as gate leakage shot noise, induced gate noise and all terminal access resistances noise. Despite not considering up-conversion of flicker noise, this linear analysis still provides reliable and useful results, demonstrated by means of a detailed comparison between the analytical description and simulations results from a 40nm and a 28nm CMOS technology.
Monosyllabic Place Holders in Child Acquisition of Spanish as a Second Language

Monosyllabic place holders (MPHs) have been studied extensively in first-language (L1) acquisition of Spanish and other Romance languages. However, the study of MPHs in second-language (L2) acquisition, both by children and adults, has received much less attention. This study provides evidence for the presence of MPHs in the L2 Spanish of two L1 Moroccan Arabic children living in Spain. The age difference between the children (10;9 for Rachida and 6;10 for Khalid) allows us to address the issue of whether the younger child would use MPHs, as is the case in L1 acquisition. However, what the data show is that both children used MPHs, although Khalid’s MPH rate was slightly higher than Rachida’s. Therefore, based on these findings we argue that MPHs can constitute a strategy available for all child learners of Spanish.
Behavioral-diagnostic analysis of compliance with universal precautions among nurses.

This study used the PRECEDE model (L.W. Green, M.W. Kreuter, S.G. Deeds, & K.B. Partridge, 1980) to examine individual, job-task, and environmental-organizational factors related to compliance with universal precautions (UP) among nurses. Structural equation modeling showed that the hypothesized model did a better job predicting general compliance (R2 = .41) than compliance with personal protective equipment (PPE; R2 = .18). All 3 categories of diagnostic factors (predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing) influenced general compliance, but predisposing factors were relatively unimportant for compliance with PPE. With a set of nested models, the greatest improvement in model fit occurred when the indirect effects of reinforcing factors were added. A positive safety climate may increase the likelihood that the work environment will contain features that enable workers to comply with safe work practices.
A method for testing association patterns of social animals

Association indices were originally developed to describe species co-occurrences, but have been used increasingly to measure associations between individuals. However, no statistical method has been published that allows one to test the extent to which the observed association index values differ from those of a randomly associating population. Here, we describe an adaptation of a test developed by Manly (1995, Ecology, 76, 1109-1115), which uses the observed association data as a basis for a computer-generated randomization. The observed pattern of association is tested against a randomly created one while retaining important features of the original data, for example group size and sighting frequency. We applied this new method to test four data sets of associations from two populations of Hector's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori, using the Half-Weight Index (HWI) as an example of a measure of association. The test demonstrated that populations with similar median HWI values showed clear differences in association patterns, that is, some were associating nonrandomly whereas others were not. These results highlight the benefits of using this new testing method in order to validate the analysis of association indices. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
The force‐velocity relationship in vertebrate muscle fibres at varied tonicity of the extracellular medium

1. The relationship between active force and velocity of shortening was studied during tetanic contraction of isolated semitendinosus muscle fibres of the frog (0·5‐2·0° C). Measurements were carried out with the fibre immersed in isotonic (1·00R) Ringer solution and in solutions that were made hypotonic by reduction of NaCl (osmolality 0·62 and 0·81 of normal Ringer) and hypertonic by addition of sucrose (osmolality 1·22 and 1·44 of normal Ringer).
Editorial: is surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma really required for all British cirrhotics?

prognostic significance of blood fibrosis tests and liver stiffness measurement by Fibroscan in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2016; 65: 570–8. 4. Boursier J, Zarski JP, de Ledinghen V, et al. Determination of reliability criteria for liver stiffness evaluation by transient elastography. Hepatology 2013; 57: 1182–91. 5. Ducancelle A, Leroy V, Vergniol J, et al. A single test combining blood markers and elastography is more accurate than other fibrosis tests in the main causes of chronic liver diseases. J Clin Gastroenterol 2017; doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000788 [Epub ahead of print].
Must We Be Just Plain Good? On Regress Arguments for the Value of Humanity*

There is an argument according to which there must be something nonrelationally valuable for anything to be of value. The chains of dependence between values must come to an end, and humanity meets the specifications. I explore alternatives to terminating a regress in nonrelational value and give reason to reject the “borrowing” conception of relational value that drives the argument. I doubt that the nonrelational value of humanity can be secured by an argument from the structure of value, but I am optimistic about the prospects for explaining our value relationally and give reason to favor a reflexive relational model.
O vínculo com o profissional de saúde no tratamento de tuberculose: percepção dos usuários

Objetivo: analisar, na perspectiva dos usuarios, o vinculo com profissionais de saude que atuam no tratamento de tuberculose, em servicos centralizados e descentralizados de saude. Metodo: estudo, em que foram entrevistados 89 pacientes com uso do Primary Care Assessment Tool, validado no Brasil, e adaptado para a assistencia a TB. Os dados que satisfizeram as pressuposicoes de independencia, homocedasticidade e normalidade, foram submetidos a analise de variância; os demais, ao teste de Kruskall-Wallis. Resultados: a maioria dos sujeitos (46, que equivalem a 51,7%) possuia entre 30 a 49 anos e ensino fundamental incompleto (53, ou seja, 59,6%). O enfermeiro foi o profissional mais procurado pelos usuarios (46, ou seja, 53,1%); quanto ao indicador tempo para o usuario tirar duvidas e preocupacoes, obteve-se a avaliacao de regular nos servicos centralizados (media: 3,84, desvio padrao: 1,61) e descentralizados (media: 3,80, desvio padrao: 1,73). Conclusao: ha necessidade de ampliacao do vinculo entre profissionais e pacientes.
Inadequate Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the South African Private Health Sector

Correct management of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is important for their control, and to reduce HIV transmission. Guidelines on syndromic management of STDs were introduced by the provincial Department of Health in KwaZulu/Natal (KZN) in South Africa in 1995. The drug treatment provided for STDs by the 11 private general practitioners in one rural district was assessed and compared with provincial guidelines. Information was gathered through semi-structured interviews which asked the 11 doctors, who all dispense prescribed drugs as part of the consultation fee, how they would treat 3 hypothetical cases of STD syndromes. In all 33 prescriptions, the treatment did not correspond exactly with provincial recommendations and only 3 (9%) were adequate. All other prescriptions were inadequate because dose or duration was incorrect in 6 (18%), or because incorrect drugs were prescribed in 24 (73%) of cases. Eight of the 11 doctors did not provide adequate treatment for any of their cases. A continuing medical education programme for the doctors and their staff was devised to improve the STD treatment in the private sector in this South African district.
Surgical augmentation of interdental papilla - A case series

Formation of black triangles between teeth due to loss of interdental palpilla is one of the common problems encountered in routine clinical practice, as extreme importance is given to esthetics. This paper discusses two different surgical approaches in treating three cases with papillary loss in the first case the reconstruction of papilla was achieved by using a semilunar coronally repositioned papilla technique and in second and the third case reconstruction of the papilla was achieved by modification of Nodland's microsurgical technique. In all the three cases a free connective tissue graft was used to reconstruct the lost volume of interdental papilla. Complete reconstruction of the lost papilla was achieved in all the three cases 6 months postoperatively.
Interferon stimulated genes and innate immune activation following infection with hepatitis B and C viruses

Although not directly cytopathic, hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are responsible for millions of deaths per year, and the aging patient population presents a severe public health challenge. Most cases of acute HCV become chronic, but treatment has become increasingly successful following the development of direct acting antiviral agents. Conversely, most cases of acute HBV are cleared in the pre‐symptomatic stage and do not become chronic, but treatment options for chronic HBV are limited and rarely result in clearance. Despite these differences, interferon is partially effective against both viruses and has long been used in therapy. Newer treatments have largely moved away from interferon in favor of more targeted approaches, but interferon signaling remains the body's first line of defense against viruses. The recent discovery of type III interferon and IFNL4 has yielded new insights into the mechanism of ISG activation and revealed potential new therapeutic targets. J. Med. Virol. 89:388–396, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal Hippocampal CA3 Cell Grafts Transplanted to Lesioned CA3 Region of the Adult Hippocampus Exhibit Long-Term Survival in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid in the adult rat, a widely used model for studying human temporal lobe epilepsy, results in widespread degeneration of CA3-pyramidal neurons. Transplantation of specific fetal hippocampal CA3 cell grafts into the lesioned CA3-region at a prolonged post lesion delay of 45-day leads to 31% graft cell survival at 1 month postgrafting and significantly facilitates appropriate recovery of the lesioned host hippocampus. However, the capability of hippocampal CA3 cell grafts for enduring survival in this model is unknown. We hypothesize that a significant fraction of fetal CA3 cells grafted into the lesioned CA3 region of the adult hippocampus at 45-days postlesion exhibit long-term survival. We measured the extent of cell survival within 5'-bromodeoxyuridine-labeled CA3 cell grafts at 1 year postgrafting, following their transplantation at 45 days postlesion into the lesioned CA3-region. Quantification of absolute graft cell survival using BrdU immunostaining and the optical fractionator counting method revealed survival of 36% of grafted cells at 1 year postgrafting. Thus, over a third of fetal hippocampal CA3 cells transplanted to the lesioned CA3-region at 45 days postlesion exhibit long-term survival. Further, the extent of cell survival in these grafts is highly analogous to the degree of cell survival in CA3 grafts analyzed earlier at 1 month postgrafting, suggesting that specific fetal cells that survive the first month of grafting into the lesioned CNS area are capable of exhibiting enduring survival.
Unconditionally Secure Cryptographic Protocols from Coding-Theoretic Primitives

Le sujet de cette these est la cryptographie et son interconnexions avec la theorie des codes. En particulier, on utilise des techniques issues de la theorie des codes pour construire et analyser des protocoles cryptographiques avec des proprietes nouvelles ou plus avancees. On se concentre d'abord sur le partage de secret ou secret sharing, un sujet important avec de nombreuses applications pour la Cryptographie actuelle. Dans la variante a laquelle on s'interesse, un schema de partage de secret recoit en entree un element secret, et renvoie en sortie n parts de telle facon que chaque ensemble de parts de taille suffisamment petite ne donne aucune information sur le secret (confidentialite), tandis que chaque ensemble de taille suffisamment grande permet de reconstituer le secret (reconstruction). Un schema de partage de secret peut donc etre vu comme une solution a un probleme de communication ou un emetteur Alice est connectee avec un destinataire Bob par n canaux distincts, dont certains sont controles par un adversaire Eve. Alice peut utiliser un schema de partage de secret pour communiquer un message secret a Bob de telle facon qu'Eve n'apprenne aucune information sur le secret en lisant les donnees transmises sur les canaux qu'elle controle, tandis que Bob peut recevoir le message meme si Eve bloque ces dits canaux. Notre contributions au partage de secret concernent ses liens avec la theorie des codes ; comme les deux domaines partagent un meme but (recuperer des donnees a partir d'informations partielles), ce n'est pas surprenant qu'ils aient connu une interaction longue et fertile. Plus precisement, Massey commenca une analyse fructueuse a propos de la construction et de l'etude d'un schema de partage de secret a partir d'un code correcteur. L'inconvenient de cette analyse est que la confidentialite d'un schema de partage de secret est estime grâce au dual du code sous-jacent ; cela peut etre problematique vu qu'il pourrait ne pas etre possible d'obtenir des codes avec des proprietes souhaitables qui aient aussi un bon code dual. On contourne ce probleme en etablissant une connexion nouvelle entre les deux domaines, telle que la confidentialite d'un schema de partage de secrets n'est plus controlee par le dual du code sous-jacent. Cela nous permet d'exploiter completement le potentiel de certaines constructions recentes de codes pour obtenir des meilleurs schemas; on illustre ceci avec deux applications. Premierement, en utilisant des codes avec codage et decodage en temps lineaire on obtient une famille de schemas de partage de secret ou le partage (calcul des parts issues du secret) tout comme la reconstruction peuvent s'effectuer en temps lineaire ; pour des seuils de confidentialite et de reconstruction croissants, ceci restait jusqu'a present un probleme ouvert. Deuxiemement, on utilise des codes avec decodage en liste pour construire des schemas de partage de secret robustes, c'est-a-dire des schemas qui peuvent reconstituer le secret meme si certaines parts sont incorrectes, sauf avec une petite probabilite d'erreur. etc.
Índice de suficiência de nitrogênio determinado pelo clorofilômetro em feijão inoculado com rizóbio e sob adubação nitrogenada.

A inoculacao de sementes de feijao com rizobio tem apresentado resultados inconsistentes quanto a sua eficiencia em suprir nitrogenio para as plantas. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa determinar o Indice de Suficiencia de Nitrogenio (ISN), utilizando o clorofilometro portatil em plantas de feijao-comum, submetidas a inoculacao das sementes com rizobio no plantio e a adubacao nitrogenada em cobertura e, tambem, definir entre os dois primeiros trifolios do feijoeiro, qual e o adequado para ser usado na tomada das leituras com o clorofilometro. O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeticoes. No primeiro estudo, avaliaram-se os tratamentos: sem adubacao nitrogenada em cobertura e inoculacao das sementes com rizobio, com aplicacao de 160 kg ha-1 de N aos oito dias apos a emergencia das plântulas e as doses de 20, 40, 60 e 80 kg ha-1 de N aplicadas em cobertura. No estudo de definicao do trifolio, avaliaram-se as doses 0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1 de N. O ISN determinado com o clorofilometro permitiu determinar se a planta de feijao estava suprida de nitrogenio, quer seja proveniente da fixacao biologica ou da adubacao nitrogenada. Nao se observou diferenca entre os valores das leituras com o clorofilometro no primeiro e segundo trifolios do feijao-comum. Pela maior facilidade de identificacao em campo e a certeza de que se encontra totalmente formado, recomenda-se a utilizacao do primeiro trifolio na tomada das leituras com o clorofilometro.
Falloff of the Weyl scalars in binary black hole spacetimes

The peeling theorem of general relativity predicts that the Weyl curvature scalars ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{n}$ ($n=0,\dots{},4$), when constructed from a suitable null tetrad in an asymptotically flat spacetime, fall off asymptotically as ${r}^{n\ensuremath{-}5}$ along outgoing radial null geodesics. This leads to the interpretation of ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{4}$ as outgoing gravitational radiation at large distances from the source. We have performed numerical simulations in full general relativity of a binary black hole inspiral and merger, and have computed the Weyl scalars in the standard tetrad used in numerical relativity. In contrast with previous results [Phys. Rev. D 80, 121502 (2009). ], we observe that all the Weyl scalars fall off according to the predictions of the theorem.
Cell-specific dendritic localization of glycine receptor alpha subunit messenger RNAs.

The regional and subcellular localizations of glycine receptor complex messenger RNAs were determined in the adult rat central nervous system using non-radioactive in situ hybridization. The present investigation focused on glycine receptors alpha1 and alpha2 subunit messenger RNAs. Within the central nervous system we observed that the glycine receptor alpha1 and alpha2 subunit messenger RNAs are widely expressed. At the subcellular level, these messenger RNAs are present either in neuronal somata and dendrites or somata only. Furthermore, among different regions as well as within the same region the subcellular localizations of both alpha subunit messenger RNAs are cell type-dependent. In contrast, the regional distributions of beta subunit and gephyrin messenger RNAs are essentially as previously described [Fujita M. (1991) Brain Res. 560, 23-37; Malosio M. -L. et al. (1991) Eur. molec. Biol. Org. J. 9, 2401-2409; Kirsch J. et al. (1993) Eur. J. Neurosci. 5, 1109-1117] and their messenger RNAs are confined predominantly within the somata of neurons [Kirsch J. et al. (1993); Racca et al. (1997) J. Neurosci. 17, 1691-1700]. These results demonstrate that the glycine receptor complex messenger RNAs are broadly expressed in the central nervous system and that the glycine receptor alpha1 and alpha2 subunit messenger RNAs differ in their subcellular localization depending on the neuronal population. The latter finding suggests that different mechanisms for the localization of glycine receptor alpha1 and alpha2 subunit messenger RNAs are used by distinct populations of neurons.
DC-SIGN, a dentritic cell-specific HIV-1 receptor present in placenta that infects T cells in trans-a review.

Dendritic cells (DC) capture micro-organisms that enter peripheral mucosal tissues and then migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, where they present in antigenic form to resting T cells and thus initiate adaptive immune responses. Here we describe the properties of a DC-specific C-type lectin, DC-SIGN, that is highly expressed on DC present in mucosal tissues and binds to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. DC-SIGN does not function as a receptor for viral entry into DC, but instead promotes efficient infection in trans of cells that express CD4 and chemokine receptors. The interaction of DC-SIGN with HIV gp120 may be an important target for therapeutic intervention and vaccine development.
Immunity to salmonellosis

Summary: Salmonella enterica is a genetically broad species harboring isolates that display considerable antigenic heterogeneity and significant differences in virulence potential. Salmonella generally exhibit an invasive potential and they can survive for extended periods within cells of the immune system. They cause acute or chronic infections that can be local (e.g. gastroenteritis) or systemic (e.g. typhoid). In vivo Salmonella infections are complex with multiple arms of the immune system being engaged. Both humoral and cellular responses can be detected and characterized, but full protective immunity is not always induced, even following natural infection. The murine model has proven to be a fertile ground for exploring immune mechanisms and observations in the mouse have often, although not always, correlated with those in other infectable species, including humans. Host genetic studies have identified a number of mammalian genes that are central to controlling infection, operating both in innate and acquired immune pathways. Vaccines, both oral and parenteral, are available or under development, and these have been used with some success to explore immunity in both model systems and clinically in humans.
The Gospel Oak Study stage IV: the clinical relevance of subjective memory impairment in older people

SYNOPSIS The prevalence rate of subjective memory impairment (SMI) and its value as a predictor of future depression or dementia was studied in a community sample of elderly residents in one electoral ward using the short-CARE. SMI was found to be common, occurring in 25% of subjects. Subjects with SMI were more likely to be suffering from either dementia or depression than those without the complaint, although 60% of subjects with SMI did not have evidence of either disorder. When followed up over a 2-year period, subjects with SMI were found to be at four-fold greater risk of developing future dementia and two-fold greater risk of developing a depression compared with those without SMI. The SMI scale was not found to be useful as a population screen for dementia or depression, although two of the nine items might have value as screening questions in clinical circumstances to determine those with memory complaints at risk for dementia.
Apprendre à mieux adapter en raisonnement à partir de cas

L'apprentissage en raisonnement a partir de cas (RAPC) porte sur differents aspects : les cas, les connaissances du domaine, les connaissances de raisonnement, l'organisation de la base de cas. Parmi ces connaissances, celles qui sont utilisees pour le raisonnement telles que les mesures de similarite ou les connaissances d'adaptation sont delicates a acquerir lors de la conception initiale du systeme. C'est la raison pour laquelle leur apprentissage revet un enjeu particulier. Nous sommes convaincus que les mesures de similarite sont directement liees aux connaissances d'adaptation, et par consequent nous nous interessons a l'apprentissage de ces dernieres. En nous appuyant sur une formalisation de l'adaptation par substitution, nous presentons la notion de dependance, porteuse de la connaissance d'adaptation. Puis nous identions les differentes cibles d'apprentissage des connaissances d'adaptation et differents scenarios possibles d'apprentissage s'appuyant principalement sur les interactions entre l'utilisateur et le systeme.