Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A LITERATURE STUDY ON HUMAN MOTION ANALYSIS USING DEPTH IMAGERY

Analysis of human behavior through visual information is a highly active research topic in the computer vision community. This analysis is achieved in the literature via images from the conventional cameras; however recently depth sensors are used to obtain new type of images known as depth images. This human motion analysis can be widely applied to various domains, such as security surveillance in public spaces, shopping centers and airports. Home care for elderly people and children can use live video streaming from an integrated home monitoring system to prompt timely assistance. Moreover, automatic human motion analysis can be used in Human–Computer/Robot Interaction (HCI/HRI), video retrieval, virtual reality, computer gaming and many other fields. Human motion analysis using a depth sensor is still a new research area. Most work is focused on motion capture of articulated body skeletons. However, the research community is showing interest in higher level action related research. This report explains the advantages of depth imagery and then describes the new categories of depth sensors such as Microsoft Kinect that are available to obtain depth images. High-resolution real-time depth images are cheaply available because of tools like Microsoft Kinect. The main published research on the use of depth imagery for analyzing human activity is reviewed. A growing research area is the recognition of human actions and hence the existing work focuses mainly on body part detection and pose estimation. The publicly available datasets that include depth imagery are listed in this report, and also the software libraries that are available for the depth sensors are explained. With the development of depth sensors, an increasing number of algorithms have employed depth data in vision-based human action recognition. The increasing availability of depth sensors is broadening the scope for future research. This reports provides an overview of this emerging field followed by various vision based algorithms used for human motion analysis.
LASER 805NM EFFECTS ON BACTERIAL GENETIC AND SENSITIVITY TOWARD ANTIBIOTICS.

Saifadin Khder Mustafa 1 , Abdulkarim yasin karim 2 , Kewan Kamal Ahmad 3 and Bestun Najmadin Muhammad 4 . 1. Department of Medical Microbiology, Koya University Faculty of Science and Health, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. 2. Department of Biology Collage of Science, Salahaddin University-Hawler, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. 3. Department of Biology, Koya University Faculty of Science and Health, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. 4. Directorate of Blood Transfusion Center-Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq . Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
The effects of the intensification of agriculture on northern temperate dung beetle communities

Summary 1 There is growing concern that the intensification of agriculture within southern Ireland is having detrimental effects on Irish fauna through habitat loss, reduction in biodiversity and pollution-related events. To assess the impact of farm management on one group of important insects, the dung beetles, their abundance, biomass, diversity and species richness were examined using dung-baited pitfall traps in intensive, organic and rough grazing farms. 2 We collected 39 631 dung beetles belonging to 24 different species. Eight species (Aphodius prodromus, A. sphacelatus, A. ater, A. rufipes, A. depressus, Sphaeridium lunatum, S. scarabaeoides and Margarinotus carbonarius) accounted for 94% of the captures, but their relative dominance varied with farm type. 54% of total individuals captured were from organic sites, 30% from intensive sites and 16% from rough grazing sites. 3 Organic farms had significantly greater beetle biomass, diversity and species richness compared to intensive and rough grazing farms. Aphodius abundance on organic farms was significantly greater than on intensive and rough grazing farms in spring and autumn. Aphodius biomass on organic farms was significantly greater than on rough grazing farms in spring, late summer and autumn, and greater in autumn compared with intensive farms. 4 A colonization experiment demonstrated that the variation in dung beetle abundance among different dung types depended on the farm type. This was not true for beetle biomass colonizing dung pads, where variation among different dung types and different farm types were independent. Multiple comparisons showed that under rough grazing and intensive management there was significantly greater beetle abundance and biomass found in dung from organic and intensive farms than from rough grazing farms. Dung from organic farms held a significantly greater beetle biomass than the intensive and rough grazing dung. 5 Synthesis and applications. Intensive agricultural management including the use of chemical fertilisers, veterinary drugs (e.g. ivermectin) and removal of herbaceous field boundaries could be detrimental to dung beetle biodiversity and dung decomposition. Organic farming has beneficial effects on dung beetle communities. Patchy ecosystems characterized by a diversity of ungulate species increase dung beetle diversity and hence improve dung decomposition.
BACTERIOCIN EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM HIGH PRESSURE TREATED TURKEY HAM AGAINST SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used in technological processes for the fermentation of vegetables and meat products. However, some LAB comprise the deteriorative micro flora of vacuum packaged meat products, being responsible for the production of compounds determinant of undesirable characteristics of color, odor and appearance. More recently LAB have been studied due to the production of bacteriocins, raising great interest in the food industry for their potential as biopreservatives. This study aimed at isolating and identifying LAB presented in stored turkey ham (7 °C) processed by high hydrostatic pressure (400 Mpa/15 min.) and evaluating their potential in producing bacteriocins. It also aims at evaluating the efficacy of the bacteriocins against Salmonella Enteritidis. LAC from laboratory formulated and processed turkey ham were isolated in MRS agar media and M-17, through identification of genera by biochemical tests, Gram staining and catalase assay. It was concluded that the genera of both LAB isolated from the pressurized and stored turkey ham were Enterococcus and Streptococcus. Regarding the production and efficacy of bacteriocins, the majority of Enterococcus colonies originated from both pressurized and non-pressurized turkey ham formed inhibition zone related against Salmonella Enteritidis. In the case of Streptococcus, only the colonies originated from the non-pressurized turkey ham resulted in bacteriocinic effect, while the colonies originated from the pressurized turkey ham did not show inhibition zone against Salmonella Enteritidis.
Salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes and clostridium perfringens: diversity of human isolates studied by phenotypic and molecular methods

5 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS.7 ABBREVIATIONS.8 INTRODUCTION.9 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.10 1. Food-borne infections and intoxication . 10 1.1. Terminology.10 1.1.1. Infections.10 1.1.2. Intoxication . 10 1.2. Clinical symptoms.10 1.3. Risk factors associated with food.12 1.4. Risk factors associated with humans . 13 1.5. Factors associated with food-borne pathogens . 13 1.6. Burden of diseases . 15 1.7. Prevention . 15 1.8. Surveillance in Finland . 16 2. Common food-borne pathogens.16 2.1. Bacteria . 16 2.1.1. Salmonella enterica.18 2.1.2. Clostridium perfringens . 22 2.1.3. Listeria monocytogenes.24 2.2. Other bacteria . 27 2.3. Viruses and parasites.31 3. Characterization of bacteria for epidemiological surveillance . 32 3.1. Phenotyping methods.32 3.1.1. Biotyping.32 3.1.2. Serotyping . 34 3.1.3. Phage typing.35 3.1.4. Determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns . 35 3.1.5. Detection of toxin production . 35 3.2. Genotyping methods . 36 3.2.1. Plasmid analysis . 36 3.2.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . 37 3.2.3. Ribotyping.38 3.2. 4. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). 38 AIMS OF THE STUDY.40
Impact of Human Urine Contamination on Soil Biota

The role of human urine as an organic pollutant to soil biota was examined in this study. Using standard methods, the impact of human urine on the physicochemical parameters, fauna and microbial load in the soil microcosm was considered. Ten replicates of Urine contaminated soil (UrCS) and Uncontaminated Agricultural soil (UnCS) samples respectively were collected from points pedestrian urine deposition within Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye and University of Agriculture, Alabata both in Ogun State. pH was determined using the pH meter. Moisture content (MC) was determined by drying and difference in weight method. Organic Carbon (OC) was determined using the Walkey-Black method and Organic Matter (OM) was estimated by the formula %OC = %OC x 1.729. Phosphate and nitrate concentrations were determined by spectrophotometric method while sulphate concentration was determined by the turbidimetry method. Ammonium concentration was determined by distillation method using 40% boric acid with methyl red indicator. The fauna record was conducted by heat extraction into alcohol or normal saline while microbial load was estimated by the pour plate and serial dilution techniques. UrCS recorded a significantly higher MC, OC, OM, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, ammonium concentrations and lower pH (p<0.05) than UnCS. A complete absence of microfauna (protozoa), mesofauna (mites, lion ants, insects, insect eggs) and macrofauna (beetle, beetle caterpillars, millipedes, pill millipedes, earthworms, earthworm castings) was recorded in UrCS while UnCS samples recorded their presence. UrCS recorded a significantly lower (p<0.05) microbial loads than UnCS. The most adverse impact of human urine on soil biota is the lowered pH and increased acidity which unleash a vicious cycle on soil biota persisting as long as urine deposition continues unhindered on the same spot.
Innovation in Franchising Systems—Stories of Poland and Croatia

The goal of this paper is to present innovations in franchising in the context of implementing actions in franchise systems in Croatia and Poland. Franchisors in both countries have similar approach to innovation process in their systems—they have main role. Most franchisors are encouraging franchisees to innovate and most of franchisee’s innovations are being implemented in franchise system. Relationship in innovation process is two-ways and has to be communicated as such. The aim of this research and paper was to systematically analyze process of innovation in franchise systems in Croatia and Poland. Whereas studies of innovation in franchising systems in the western world have been made already, this is one of the first studies that are looking into innovation processes in franchising in Eastern Europe especially in Croatia since there was no official research in franchising. In both countries, franchisors have the main role in innovation process in franchise systems but they are encouraging franchisees to present their ideas in order to help further growth and success of the system. The paper’s findings show importance of innovation process in franchising and how it is being managed in both countries and they contribute to the franchising literature by providing new evidence on how to deal with innovations in franchising systems. Additional research should be conducted in relation to innovation in franchising system regarding to influence of innovation to future profits, increase of employment, growth of franchising systems, etc. in both countries.
Investigation of Ultra-Wide Reflection Bands in UV Region by Using One-Dimensional Multi Quantum Well Photonic Crystal

Enhancement of the reflection bands in ultraviolet region by using one-dimensional multi quantum well (MQW) photonic crystal (PC) structure has been investigated theoretically. The proposed structure is composed of three MgF2/SrTiO3 MQWs. The range of reflection band is investigated from the reflectance spectra of the one-dimensional MQW photonic crystal structure obtained by Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). From the numerical analysis it is observed that a range of reflection band for a single MQW PC is very narrow though it increases as the thickness of layers increases. But when three MQWs of MgF2/SrTiO3 are used we get much enlarged reflection band covering the range 119.8 nm- 311.3 nm (reflectivity > 99%) with bandwidth 191.5 nm, for normal incidence. Further, we see that when the angle of incidence is increased, the width of reflection band increases in case of TE wave with a decrease for TM wave, because this omnidirectional reflection (ODR) band is very much narrow in UV region. We have computed ODR band upto incidence angle 50 ◦ for single as well as combined MQW PC. Analyzing the reflectance curve for incidence angle up to 50 ◦ for both TE and TM polarizations we find that by applying the combined MQW PC, omnidirectional reflection band increases significantly in comparison to single MQW structure. The proposed MQW photonic crystal structure is very useful in designing ultraviolet shielding for drugs, ultraviolet reflector for protecting damage of DNA and in skin diseases especially for skin cancer.
Interface Dynamics in Cause-Based Partnerships: An Exploration of Emergent Culture

This article examines the behavioral dynamics at the interface between organizations in strategic partnerships called cause-based partnerships (CBPs). These are partnerships between a corporation and one or more nonprofit organizations that address social meta problems such as environmental sustainability or social-justice challenges. Various a priori differences such as tasks, processes, and organizational cultures are expected to affect outcomes, but this article argues that a key determinant of successful CBP performance is behavioral dynamics at the interface between the partners. This article builds a framework for understanding these behavioral dynamics in terms of an emergent culture. Three scenarios—integration, reculturation, and separation—are described for how participants in CBPs continually negotiate a workable set of cultural practices among them-selves. Examples are basedon interviews with CBP managers. These explorations expand the basis for understanding CBP dynamics beyond those provided by static task, process, or common-culture explanations.
Apparent ionospheric total electron content variations prior to major earthquakes due to electric fields created by tectonic stresses

Growing evidence for ionospheric signatures of impending earthquakes comes from electron content measurements along slanted paths from GPS satellites to multiple ground stations located up to 500 km away from the epicenters. These slant total electron content (STEC) measurements deviate from the classic U‐shape pattern, starting about 40 min to over an hour before major earthquakes. Unlike other naturally occurring STEC fluctuations at midlatitudes, we show here that these earthquake‐induced deviations are simultaneous over a wide geographical area and do not propagate, thereby indicating a ground‐based origin. Prior to the 11 March 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0), the deviations were as much as 10% of the undisturbed STEC. We argue that such deviations must be due to an electric field‐forced rise or fall of the main ionosphere with little change in the vertical electron density profile. Hence, “apparent” is used in the title. We show how stress‐related underground electric fields penetrate to 80 km altitude (above which penetration to the main ionosphere easily occurs) with magnitudes high enough to create STEC variations comparable to those observed. Since many thousands of GPS receivers exist worldwide, our theory suggests the possibility of early warning systems that could provide 10 to 20 min notice prior to large earthquakes, after allowing time for signal processing. This theory for prequake‐induced STEC fluctuations also explains the ground‐based ULF magnetic field data acquired by Fraser‐Smith et al. 40 min prior to the Loma Prieta earthquake.
The Equity-Equality Conflict—Dilemmas in the Management of Reward Systems

This article investigatesthe factors that determine workplace actors’ appeal to social norms of fairness in some situations and what ‘fairness’ is perceived as consisting of. When is a pay level considered as relativity fair, and when is it not? When are contingent pay systems (i.e. pay-for-performance systems) perceived as fair and when are they not? When can differences in contribution (equity) overrule the social norm of equality? Which contingent reward structure should be applied for teamwork members, if any? Which structure to motivate employees to a continuous search for smarter working procedures and solutions? These are central concerns of motivation theory, where rational choice decisions are counterbalanced by endowment effectsor other fairness concerns. Management is placed in a dilemma between what is, e.g., an economically rational structure of incentives, on the one hand, and what is considered as equitable by employees, on the other. Since equality in reward counts for more among employees, while equity in contribution counts more for employers, this is an inherent dilemma, constantly having to be negotiated and solved, but never reaching any ‘final solution’ in any company. On the basis of this dilemma, implications for management are spelt out, and recommendations for the utilization of and limitations for pay variance among peers are given.
CO2-brine-rock interactions as a result of long term experiment onto rock samples from Chabowo anticline, Poland

Presented work concern investigation of 20-months CO 2 -brine-rock interactions. Experiment were carried out at laboratory scale in designed for this purpose equipment. Research materials (reservoir and cap rocks) were taken form the Chabowo 3 well located within Chabowo Anticline. The experiment were carried out at room temperature (about 25oC) and pressure about 6 MPa. For samples before and after experiment a numerous investigation were carried out i.e. petrophysical (porosity, surface are, threshold diameter, average capillary, framework and bulk densities) and petrology-mineralogical characteristics. Also brine used for examination before and after experiment were analysed (chemical analysis). Petrophysical result have shown a significant decrease of porosity (form 17.0 % to 7.5%) and surface area ( form 0.395 m 2 /g to 0.196 m 2 /g) in case of sandstone. This changes are caused probably by a crystallization of halite in pore spaces, because mineralogical analysis (XRD) have shown presence of halite (3-5% vol. in the rock) after experiment. More detailed results were achieved for mineralogical analysis of thin sections. These results have shown in sandstone samples a small increase of porosity as small decrease of feldspar and cements (carbonate and matix) what indicate on dissolution of this phases. For claystone after experiment XRD clay fraction have shown a lack of clay minerals such as chlorite, montmorillonite, what also can be caused by interaction this rock between CO 2 and brine. Dissolution of some minerals is approved by chemical analysis of brine where amount of most tested ions increase after experiment for both sandstone and claystone.
The foraging behavior of the Large-headed Flatbill, Ramphotrigon megacephalum and the Dusky-tailed Flatbill, Ramphotrigon fuscicauda (Aves: Tyrannidae)

Southwestern Amazonia has great bird diversity which includes birds specialized in bamboo forests. In this region, bamboo is considered a key element of the landscape. The objective of this study was to investigate and describe the foraging behavior of the Large-headed Flatbill, Ramphotrigon megacephalum (Swainson, 1835) and the Dusky-tailed Flatbill, Ramphotrigon fuscicauda Chapman, 1925, which occur sympatrically in the region and are considered bamboo specialists. This study was conducted between November 2013 and September 2014, within two fragments in the eastern portion of the state of Acre: Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, in the municipality of Senador Guiomard; and Reserva Florestal Humaita, in Porto Acre. A total of 109 and 97 foraging events were registered, for the Large-headed Flatbill and the Dusky-tailed Flatbill, respectively. The two species frequently used bamboos for searching and capturing their prey. However, the large-headed Flatbill was more specialized in bamboo substrates. Both species use similar foraging techniques and the differences found between the two are minor, but when taken together, these differences may explain their ability to co-exist.
STUDY REGARDING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FUTURE GRADUATES. MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING CASE

In a turbulent economic environment, characterized by a downward trend of financial resources and jobs offer, professional environment requirements are increasing, and thus, the academic environment's role is becoming major. These were the coordinates that have directed our empirical research on analyzing the perspective of future graduates regarding the correlation between the academic and professional environment in the field of managerial accounting. The research approach considers on one hand, a synthesis of ideas published on this subject in the literature. This is complemented by an empirical study based on a questionnaire to which we have received responses from future graduates of the academic environment in the accounting field. The study results showed that all respondents believe that accounting education is correlated with the professional environment, the academic environment offering them the necessary training in managerial accounting for a successful integration into the professional environment. The majority of respondents also believes that for the integration in the professional environment, future graduates must hold simultaneously theoretical and practical knowledge, but also organizational skills. The results reveals that, by their relevance, the factors that motivate future graduates to prepare in managerial accounting are: the interest to acquire knowledge, labor market integration, discipline content, professor's teaching methods, the promotion of the exam. Also, all respondents would accept to participate in volunteer programs organized by the professional environment in order to gain experience in managerial accounting. Regarding the adaptation of the managerial accounting approach in the academic environment, most respondents support a moderate adjustment by implementing internship and volunteering programs.
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA INFORMÁTICA GRADO EN INGENIERÍA INFORMÁTICA SLAM VISUAL CON CÁMARAS RGB-D BASADO EN OPTIMIZACIÓN DE GRAFO DE POSES VISUAL SLAM WITH RGB-D CAMERAS BASED ON POSE GRAPH OPTIMIZATION

In this work, we address the Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) problem using only an RGB-D camera. The main purpose is to develop a SLAM system capable of estimate the full sensor's trajectory and generate a globally consistent 3D reconstruction of the environment in real time. To achieve this goal, we rely on a dense motion estimation algorithm and on a feature based place recognition technique to derive spatial constraints between selected frames from a sequence. All computed spatial constraints are merged into a graph of poses, used to infer the most likely trajectory. The system is designed to run in two parallel threads: one for tracking and the other for mapping. The resulting system is evaluated on a publicly available benchmark for SLAM systems, reaching an accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art SLAM systems in the estimation of the sensor's trajectory. Moreover, the tracking thread runs at 60 Hz on a modest laptop. Also, we test the system in real settings, processing observations acquired while moving the sensor in two different indoor environments.