Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and Diel Habitat Shifts by Juvenile Ictalurids in a Flow-regulated Prairie River

ABSTRACT Currently, no flow regulations exist for the protection of riverine fishes in Missouri. Prerequisites for establishing flow guidelines are understanding what habitats are used by fishes at different times of the year and how much of that habitat will be available to each species under different discharge scenarios. We quantified microhabitat associations and selection for juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris and stonecat Noturus flavus in a flow-regulated prairie river during summer (diurnal and nocturnal periods) and autumn (diurnal period) and then presented two-dimensional hydraulic modeling results from a previous study to determine how diel and seasonal microhabitat shifts might impact the availability of selected habitats at different flows. All ictalurid species exhibited seasonal and diel shifts in microhabitat selection. Selected habitat available would generally be maximized for each species between 10 m3/s and 30 m3/s which is greater than the current median discharge. Stonecats are most susceptible to dewatering during the diurnal summer period; however, the availability of selected habitat becomes flow limited (<10 m3/s) for all species during summer nocturnal and autumn periods because of changes in microhabitat selection during these periods. Channel catfish could be substantially impacted by extremely low flows during the summer nocturnal and autumn periods with no selected habitat available below 1 m3/s. Quantifying the amount of selected habitat that may be available under different discharge scenarios will aid managers in determining appropriate minimum flows for maintaining habitats for these species under a flow regime that continues to be partitioned to different stakeholder groups.
Inheritance of the ability of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to feed and breed on yellow split-pea (Pisum sativum)

Sitophilus oryzae (L.) is a pest of stored cereals and, because most populations are unable to survive on yellow split-pea and other legumes, admixture of legume with cereal has been suggested as a control method. However, some geographical strains have been found able to feed and breed on yellow split-pea. The ability is heritable and known to be controlled in one strain by a single recessive, autosomal gene. The inheritance pattern of the ability was investigated in three different geographical strains, two of which could feed and breed on yellow split-pea and one which could not. The genetic mechanism controlling the character in these strains was not a simple recessive allele, but differed between the two pea-breeding strains and was co-dominant with the inability to feed on yellow split-pea inthe non-pea-breeding strain. The results indicate there is considerable between-strain genetic variability for the character, which may render cereal-legume mixture of little value as a control method against S. oryzae .
Antifungal properties of 3-methyl-5-aminoisoxazole-4-thiocyanate on four yeasts: an unusual dose-dependent effect on Rhodotorula glutinis Harrison

The antifungal activity of 3-methyl-5-aminoisoxazole-4-thiocyanate was studied on Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Rhodotorula glutinis. A significant inhibition of growth was evident in all yeasts. The ultrastructural modifications have demonstrated that the compound at half-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) dose (1.25 kg. mL-1) causes the transformation of R. glutinis from yeast to mycelium form by the formation of a germ tube. The accumulation of abnormal amounts of wall substances after treatment with the MIC is discussed in relation to ergosterol and chitin production.
ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE OF ROOTS IN RELATION TO PLANT ELECTRODES, MEASURING FREQUENCY AND ROOT MEDIA

The electrical capacitance method was applied for the examination of living root systems in a pot experiment. The measured root capacitances gave an unambiguous indication of the development of root mass and length. The root capacitances measured using needle and clamp plant electrodes were closely similar when the roots of whole plants were placed in water, while increasing differences were observed with a decrease in soil water saturation. The difference in capacitance between the plant electrodes is outlined by interpreting the action mechanism of the clamp electrode. The capacitance and electrical impedance spectra (30 Hz-1 MHz) were determined for roots in soil, for pieces of roots washed free of soil, and for the soil itself. The root capacitance was smaller than that of the soil and higher than that of root pieces at 1 kHz, while the capacitance of the soil became equal to that of roots in soil at about 2 kHz. This calls attention to the importance of the measuring frequency when determining root c.
Richard Emmett Etheridge

R ICHARD EMMETT ETHERIDGE is a Professor Emeritus of Biology at San Diego State University whose career as a herpetologist has spanned more than sixty years. As a consequence, his biography reads like a who’s who of twentieth century herpetology. Although best known for his highly influential research in lizard systematics, Richard is also a former boy snaker, Navy sonarman, accomplished mentor, Zen practitioner, world traveler, birdwatcher, and chocolate aficionado. Richard was born on 16 September 1929 in Houston, Texas, the first child of Ethel Agatha Hans and Jerry Haller Etheridge. Richard’s father was born in Dallas, Texas, and joined the Merchant Marines after leaving high school. During the Great Depression, he worked for the Ford Motor Company and eventually owned his own automobile parts and repair company. Richard’s mother was born in southern Texas; she married Richard’s father not long after graduating high school and became a homemaker. Richard’s only sibling, Jerry Haller Etheridge, Jr. (deceased), was a Professor of Music at the University of Georgia, Atlanta. Like their parents, Richard and Jerry were raised in Houston. Richard’s childhood was unhampered by parental expectations; he and his brother were encouraged to pursue whatever careers they wished. As is the case for many herpetologists, Richard can trace his interests in amphibians and reptiles to a specific event that occurred early in his life. In 1944, at the age of 15, Richard had his first encounter with a snake. As recounted in his words, this would prove to be a life-defining moment.
Control of salt transport from roots to shoots of wheat in saline soil.

Wheat genotypes with 5-fold difference in shoot Na+ concentrations were studied over a salinity range of 1-150 mm NaCl and CaCl2 of 0.5-10 mm to assess their performance in saline and sodic soils. All genotypes had a maximum shoot Na+ concentration at 50 mm external NaCl when the supplemental Ca2+ provided an activity of 1 mm or more. Shoot Na+ concentrations either stayed constant from 50 to 150 mm external NaCl, or decreased in some genotypes at the higher salinity. Calculated rates of root uptake, and root : shoot transport, were at a maximum at 50 mm NaCl in all genotypes, and decreased at higher NaCl in some genotypes, indicating feedback regulation. K+ showed a pattern inverse to that of Na+. Cl- uptake and transport rates increased linearly with increasing salinity, and differed little between genotypes. Increasing external Ca2+ concentration reduced the accumulation of Na+ in the shoot, the effects being greater in the low Na+ genotypes, and greater as the salinity increased, indicating that the plateau in shoot Na+ concentration relied on the maintenance of a minimal Ca2+ activity of 1 mm. Increasing external Ca2+concentration did not reduce the root Na+ concentration, however, suggesting that Ca2+ influenced the loading of Na+ in the xylem.
EFFECTS OF SALINITY ON GERMINATION, SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT AND YIELD OF THREE GENOTYPES OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA

The effects of salinity (0-500mMNaCl) on germination, seedling vigour (radicle length, root and shoot weights), dry weight at maturity and seed yield as well as heritability of different components of seed yield of three genotype of mung bean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) were evaluated. Salinity treatments were imposed by irrigating the seeds sown in Petri-dishes in the laboratory and on pot grown plants with varying concentrations of NaCl solutions. The results revealed that salinity significantly delayed germination and germination counts at 300-400mMNaCl. Seedling emergence, fresh and dry mass of both shoots and roots as well as seed yield also decreased with increasing salinity. However, the adverse effects of the salt were more pronounced on seed yield than dry mass production at maturity. The genetic studies revealed that the resistant genotypes (TMv1&11) maintained higher mean values for yield and yield components and dry weight at maturity as well as heritability percentage compared to the susceptible genotype ( TMv15). The order of resistance of the three genotypes to salinity was TMv 11> TMv 1 > TMv15.
Nutritional Systems Biology of Fat : integration and modeling of transcriptomics datasets related to lipid homeostasis

Fatty acids, in the form of triglycerides, are the main constituent of the class of dietary lipids. They not only serve as a source of energy but can also act as potent regulators of gene transcription. It is well accepted that an energy rich diet characterized by high intakes of dietary fat is linked to the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity in both developed and developing countries in the last several decades. Obese individuals are at increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that ultimately increase the risk of developing vascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Many studies have been performed to uncover the role of fatty acids on gene expression in different organs, but integrative studies in different organs over time driven by high throughput data are lacking. Therefore, we first aimed to develop integrative approaches on the level of individual genes but also pathways using genome-wide transcriptomics datasets of mouse liver and small intestine that are related to fatty acid sensing transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα). We also aimed to uncover the behavior of PPARαtarget genes and their corresponding biological functions in a short time series experiment, and integrated and modeled the influence of different levels of dietary fat and the time dependency on transcriptomics datasets obtained from several organs by developing system level approaches. We developed an integrative statistical approach that properly adjusted for multiple testing while integrating data from two experiments, and was driven by biological inference. By quantifying pathway activities in different mouse tissues over time and subsequent integration by partial least squares path model, we found that the induced pathways at early time points are the main drivers for the induced pathways at late time points. In addition, using a time course microarray study of rat hepatocytes, we found that most of the PPARα target genes at early stage are involved in lipid metabolism-related processes and their expression level could be modeled using a quadratic regression function. In this study, we also found that the transcription factorsNR2F, CREB, EREF and RXR might work together with PPARα in the regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism. By integrating time and dose dependent gene expression data of mouse liver and white adipose tissue (WAT), we found a set of time-dose dependent genes in liver and WAT including potential signaling proteinssecreted from WAT that may induce metabolic changes in liver, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of obesity. Taken together, in this thesis integrative statistical approaches are presented that were applied to a variety of datasets related to metabolism of fatty acids. Results that were obtained provide a better understanding of the function of the fatty acid-sensor PPARa, and identified a set of secreted proteins that may be important for organ cross talk during the development of diet induced obesity.
Nonspecific responses in plant growth, yield, and root colonization of noncereal crop plants to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Cd

Inoculation of seven different crop plant species by Azospirillum brasilense Cd resulted in an increase in plant yield, as well as in changes in several other plant parameters, in tomato, eggplant, pepper, and cotton plants. Analysis of 56 different experiments revealed that the rate of success (positive plant response) ranged from 71 to 75 %. The dry weight of plants and yield responses ranged from significantly high yield increases to negligible or no response in similarly performed experiments. The average increases in yield in the positive response experiments were 30, 23, 18, and 16% for tomato, eggplant, pepper, and cotton, respectively. Significant earlier maturation was also detected in the four responding plant species. The response of other plant growth parameters varied between plant species. The level of root colonization by A. brasilense Cd was similar in all four plant species, i.e. root population size of 5 × 105 cfu/g fresh weight root. It is suggested that inoculation of noncereal crop pl.
Evaluation of methanol‐grown bacteria and hydrocarbon‐grown yeast as sources of protein for poultry: Performance of broilers during the finishing period

1. Three trials were carried out with male broilers during the 5‐ to 8‐week period, for the evaluation of two types of single‐cell protein (SCP) in practical‐type broiler finisher diets. The SCP tested were: Pruteen, produced from methanol‐utilising bacteria, and a Lavera‐type yeast which utilises the normal paraffins of heavy gas oil. 2. The inclusion of 90 to 100 g of either type of SCP/kg of the diet caused a 2 to 3% reduction in weight gain, a 3 to 5% decrease in food consumption, and up to a 2% improvement in food utilisation. The reduced growth rate could be fully explained by the decrease in food intake, with essentially no effect on food : gain ratio. 3 In diets containing Pruteen, arginine was second limiting after the sulphur amino acids. 4 An odd‐numbered fatty acid (17 carbons, unsaturation unknown) of Pruteen was not found in the carcass lipids of broilers fed on a diet containing 120 g Pruteen/kg.
Preferential localization of self-stimulation sites in striosomesypatches in the rat striatum (caudate nucleusyputamenymatrixyrewardyreinforcementyneural plasticity)

Histological sections of the mammalian stri- atum reveal a ''matrix'' that is histochemically distinguishable from patches, or ''striosomes''. The latter are cross sections of a compartment that consists primarily of tube-shaped struc- tures radiating through the matrix. As a test of the hypothesis that the function of the striosomeypatch compartment in- cludes the mediation of behaviors related to reward, the present study examined electrical self-stimulation of the cau- doputamen in rats with electrodes in either of the two com- partments. Rats acquired and maintained bar-pressing re- sponses that were contingent on stimulation through elec- trodes making contact with striosomesypatches more reliably than animals with electrodes terminating exclusively in the matrix. The results provide in vivo evidence that the strio- someypatch compartment is functionally differentiated from the matrix compartment: Stimulation centered in or around the striosomeypatch compartment but not in the matrix led to rapid acquisition of a new behavior.
An Approach for Data Selection of Protein Function Prediction

Predicting the function of an unknown protein is an essential goal in bioinformatics. Many methods have been provided to predict the functions of proteins based on sequence similarity. However, they are often inadequate in the absence of similar sequences or when the sequence similarity among known protein sequences is statistically weak. This study aimed to choose some nearest samples dataset at length for identifying protein function, irrespective of sequence and structural similarities. The results of our experiment show that our method is efficient.
Análisis de Estabilidad de un Controlador de Seguimiento PID de Ganancias Variables para Robots Manipuladores

Resumen—En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de estabilidad de un controlador Proporcional-Integral-Derivativo (PID) de seguimiento con ganancias P y D variables y ganancia I constante, para robots manipuladores. Con base en la teorı́a del acotamiento de las soluciones de sistemas no autónomos, se demuestra que, bajo ciertas condiciones para la selección de las cotas de las ganancias, las soluciones del sistema en lazo cerrado están uniforme y finalmente acotadas. Este es un resultado general aplicable a aquellos controladores de robots en los que las ganancias variables estén acotadas, sin tomar en cuenta el mecanismo mediante el cual se ajusten. Palabras clave: control PID, control de robots, análisis de estabilidad .
Stability of vitamin C in fruits and fruit blends

The levels of the two biologically active forms of vitamin C, ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), were determined in individual fruits, in fruit blends and in model systems over a 3-h incubation period at room temperature. There was essentially no reduction in the AA content in the orange juice sample and in the model solution of analytical l-ascorbic acid. A rapid decrease in the AA content was observed in the banana, apple and guava samples and in blends consisting of orange juice-banana-apple or L-ascorbic acid-banana-apple blends. However, the reduction in AA was concomitant with a quantitative increase in DHAA content.
Performance Assessment of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) by Using Three Passes Receiver for Preheating the Fuel Oil Under Iraq Climate for Different Mass Flow Rates

An alternative design receiver of parabolic trough collector (PTC) has been discussed in the present study. The three passes design (3p) receiver made from copper and coated with selective black paint was studied and optimized experimentally. Mass flow rates were varied alongside number of days. The proposed design was compared with the PTC equipped with smooth receiver (SM). The aforementioned variations resulted in the experiments performed in September 2018. The 17, 18, 19, and 20th, were chosen for the PTC with smooth receiver, while 25, 26, 27, and 28 were for the receiver with three passes). The solar irradiances for these days were similar. The heat transfer fluid (HTF) was fuel oil. Mass flow rates of 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 LPM were observed alongside change in number of days for the experiment. The results show that the PTC with three passes receiver achieved higher average thermal efficiency and average useful energy than the PTC with smooth receiver. Index Term— PTC, Three passes receiver, fuel oil, mass flow rate, Efficiency
Texture Evaluation Of Horticultural Crops

The perception of food acceptability may be divided into 3 major categories: (a) appearance (color, shape) is based on optical properties; (b) flavor (taste and odor) is the response of the receptors in the oral cavity to chemical stimuli; (c) touch, is the response of the tactile senses to physical stimuli that results from contact between some part of the body and the food. The sensation of touch is commonly called “texture” but has also been called “kinesthetics” (24) and “haptaesthesis” (30). Texture is an important quality attribute of horticultural products and should be given equal weight with appearance and flavor for most commodities.
METABOLIC PLASTICITY AND RESPIRATORY IN PLANTS AND ECOSYSTEMS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

The plant response to fluctuations in environment is critical to predicting plant and ecosystem responses to climatic change. The responses of diverse ecophysiological plant processes, for example, the respiration and carbon balance can be revisited from a perspective of the phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity is defined how the capacity of an organism for to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental heterogeneity and resources availability with alterations in the morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical traits and not genetic changes (Bradshaw, 1965, Sultan, 2000). The phenotypic plasticity can to have effects in the structure, diversity and functioning of the ecosystems and is a fundamental evolutionary strategy of sessile organisms for to responses to the natural selection and anthropogenic drivers, for example, the soil use change or increase atmospheric of the CO2 . The respiratory process release the energy stored from starch and sugars formed during the photosynthesis and converted in ATP in the process called oxidative phosphorylation. The capacity of formation and use of ATP by plants in various metabolic reactions during the growth, the development and the maintenance of plants can be affected by environmental conditions and, consequently, the responses of plants to some of these key factors in a scenario of change global. Additionally, the age or ontogeny of organs and whole plants are other elements that are involved in the plant respiration with effects in different scales from cellular to ecosystem. The respiration is a mechanism that can be affected by different environmental conditions while some environmental conditions that can induce alternative oxidase include drought that is associated to high irradiance and increase of temperature leaf, considered an abiotic resource fundamental in a scenario of change global.
Milk yield of dairy cows given restricted access to water in a Mediterranean-type climate

During summer in the Goulburn Valley, two herds of Jersey- Friesian crossbred cows were used to study the effects of restricted access to drinking water. There were three treatments applied to two herds-(1) free access, (2) 20 min. access before each milking, and (3) 20 min. access before the night milking only. One herd was individually penned and had free access to shade while the other was grazed with no access to shade. Both herds were fed irrigated perennial pasture containing 24.5% dry matter. Maximum air temperature averaged 33.7¦C. Over the whole experiment, restricting the access of dairy cows to drinking water did not significantly reduce mean milk yield (mean 12.6 kg/cow day-1) or mean liveweight of cows (mean 41 1 kg) in either herd. However, during the first 4 days of treatment, mean milk yield and mean liveweight were lower (P < 0.05) for cows on a once-a-day access than for those on either free or twice-daily access. In the pen experiment, intake of drinking water averaged 67,45 and 49 l/cow day-1 for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively; dry matter intake was unaffected by treatment (mean 15.6 kg/cow day-1). Because of the modifying influence of shade on the environment of the penned cows, there was no significant effects of climate on their water intake. It was concluded that farmers need not supply drinking water to dairy cows in all paddocks.
Comment on “Invariant NKT Cells in Hyperplastic Skin Induced a Local Immune Suppressive Environment by IFN-γ Production”

We read the article by Mattarollo et al. ([1][1]) with great interest. They identified that CD1d-recruited invariant NKT (iNKT) cells had the ability to suppress immune effector mechanisms after specific attraction to persistent HPV16-E7–expressing hyperplastic lesions in a murine model. Several