Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anemia in the elderly

Purpose of reviewThere have been several large-scale epidemiologic studies, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), which have described the prevalence and impact of anemia in the elderly. The information derived has been critically important. However, given the large number of patients surveyed, these reports necessarily relied substantially on the laboratory-based screening evaluations. There are now two recent reports describing the cause of anemia in elderly outpatients, and although the numbers are smaller than the large scale surveys, they constitute comprehensive hematologic evaluations with therapeutic interventions and clinical follow-up. The purpose of this review is to compare these different analyses. Recent findingsThere are distinct differences and similarities in the two types of studies, which are derived from patients seen in hematology clinics. Despite comprehensive hematologic evaluation, the puzzling entity of unexplained anemia of the elderly is confirmed and found to account for 30–46% of patients. NHANES III classified iron-deficiency anemia with other nutritional anemias, a classification that might be correct in the developing third world, but in North America and Western Europe, iron deficiency is more often caused by blood loss and the cause must be sought and dealt with. The myelodysplastic syndromes are an important cause of anemia in the elderly, with a prevalence of at least 4%. SummaryLarge-scale screening studies of anemia in the elderly are of great importance, and when complemented by comprehensive hematologic evaluations, provide a more accurate picture of the clinical situation.
Why do viruses make infants wheeze?

Many infants wheeze whenever they have a cold. On average, preschool children and infants catch 6-8 colds per year, although they are certainly exposed to far more respiratory viruses. Even if the child becomes infected, he may remain asymptomatic and subclinical infections are likely to be common. If, on the other hand, the child becomes symptomatic, the illness and symptoms may be limited to the upper respiratory tract alone or a lower respiratory illness may develop as well (fig 1). The wheezing is a result of this lower respiratory illness and is associated with partial obstruction of the larger airways. It is not clear what determines the outcome, but the interaction between the competence of the host defence and the intrinsic pathogenicity of the virus is central to the process. This review considers how viruses cause wheezing together with the reasons why only certain infants wheeze.
Molecularly Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer: Recent Topics

Many clinical trials of molecular target drugs have been done against advanced lung cancer, however, majority did not meet the primary endpoint. Positive studies of EGFR-TKI such as BR21 and Interest used unselected populations of non-small cell lung cancer. It was quite difficult to explain why they were positive. In the present review, the difficulties of clinical trial design in molecular target drugs were discussed based on the differences of the magnitude of antitumor activity and the target tumor cell population between cytotoxic drugs and molecular target therapy. (J Lung Cancer 2008;7(1):1 �� 8)
Multilayer Analysis of the CdTe Solar Cell Structure by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

In this study, ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was applied to investigate the optical properties and structure of the thin film CdTe solar cell and its component layer materials. Dielectric functions have been obtained by SE for all layers of the cell, leading to a reference library for comprehensive ex situ CdTe solar cell analysis. In addition, with a Br2+methanol layer-by-layer etching treatment, it has been possible to track the optical properties of the CdTe component as a function of depth from the surface and proximity to the CdS/CdTe interface in order to gain a better understanding of the underlying film structure. For evaluation purposes, this approach has also been applied to CdTe films initially deposited on c-Si wafer substrates and later subjected to either (i) thermal annealing or (ii) CdCl2 treatment in order to track the effects of these processes on CdTe structure throughout the bulk layer thickness
Oxidative Stress Causes Heart Failure with Impaired Mitochondrial Respiration*

Elderly people insidiously manifest the symptoms of heart failure, such as dyspnea and/or physical disabilities in an age-dependent manner. Although previous studies suggested that oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of heart failure, no direct evidence has been documented so far. In order to investigate the pathological significance of oxidative stress in the heart, we generated heart/muscle-specific manganese superoxide dismutase-deficient mice. The mutant mice developed progressive congestive heart failure with specific molecular defects in mitochondrial respiration. In this paper, we showed for the first time that the oxidative stress caused specific morphological changes of mitochondria, excess formation of superoxide (\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{{\bar{{\cdot}}}}\) \end{document}), reduction of ATP, and transcriptional alterations of genes associated with heart failure in respect to cardiac contractility. Accordingly, administration of a superoxide dismutase mimetic significantly ameliorated the symptoms. These results implied that \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{{\bar{{\cdot}}}}\) \end{document} generated in mitochondria played a pivotal role in the development and progression of heart failure. We here present a bona fide model for human cardiac failure with oxidative stress valuable for therapeutic interventions.
Serum levels of TSP‐1, NF‐κB and TGF‐β1 in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients in northern China suggest PCOS is associated with chronic inflammation

The objective of this study was to determine the levels of thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and nuclear factor kappaβ (NF‐κβ) in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients with and without insulin resistance and after treatment with cyproterone acetate/ethinyloestradiol with or without concomitant metformin.
Passive satellite localization using TDOA/FDOA/AOA measurements

Dual satellite TDOA/FDOA localization scheme has problems of multiple ambiguous solutions and poor localization results in the sub-satellite area along the dual satellite baseline direction. Passive localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements usually does not have direct solution and requires numerical methods to determine the emitter's geolocation. We suggest a satellite passive localization method fusing the TDOA/FDOA/AOA measurements based on particle swarm optimization(PSO), which provides an evolutionary computation method to solve the nonlinear optimal problem. To be more close to the practical use, the WGS-84 earth model is adopted in this work. However, PSO can not be directly applied to geolocation problem due to the nonlinear constraint of earth surface. We examined a PSO based method which let the particle swarm fly on the earth surface. Computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the new localization method.
A 4-1 Wearable Device Analysis and How It ’ s Data Impacts Health Monitoring

~ A variety of wearable computing devices allow for accessibility of information, transference of data, and recording of data. The main question is how does one know what wearable computing device is the most accurate? Through this project, members will focus on wearable computing devices and collecting data. Our research will surround the data students receive from multiple devices and the team will use applications such, as Excel to record and illustrate our findings, deviations, and correlations between the multiple devices. Groups members, will use Apple Watch devices and iPhones to track health habits to test accuracy, for example. The group will collectively work to explore which devices or pairs of devices provide exact or precise data.
Review on Feature Detection and Matching Algorithms for 3 D Object Reconstruction

Recent techniques for passive 3D object reconstruction based on camera either use stereopsis or structure from motion to determine depth. The key part of these techniques requires to solve the correspondence problem between images due to differences caused by either camera motion, time elapsed or object in motion. Various feature detection techniques are discussed which address the problem on generalized data set with indoor and outdoor environment. The most commonly used techniques are SURF and SIFT for feature matching. For 3D object reconstruction higher recall is preferred over the speed of algorithm. Good feature detection algorithm is invariant to scale, rotation and intensity changes. It should be robust to noise, blur, slight change in view direction. Various feature detection algorithms are discussed taking into consideration the dataset for 3D object reconstruction for multi-view stereo approach.
Clinical outcome of a nonsurgical and surgical treatment protocol in different types of peri-implantitis: a case series.

OBJECTIVE The replacement of missing teeth with dental implants has been standard practice in dentistry for many years. The success of dental implants depends on many factors, among which the diagnosis, clinical severity, and treatment of peri-implant diseases play a key role. In this prospective case series, the influence of cumulative treatment modalities on peri-implantitis with and without pus formation on clinical outcome was assessed. METHOD AND MATERIALS During 2010, 28 patients were referred for peri-implantitis treatment. They presented two different types of peri-implant diseases: peri-implantitis with (17 implants) or without pus formation (33 implants). After microbiologic diagnosis, all patients were treated at baseline with full-mouth scaling and root planing. Two months later, further full-mouth scaling and root planing and additional antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was applied. Four months after baseline, patients with pus formation additionally underwent access flap surgery. Active human matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels were measured in eluates before and after all treatment modalities and 7 months after baseline. RESULTS Clinical parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing) and aMMP-8-levels improved in both groups after treatment and the final examination. In periimplantitis patients without pus formation, all parameters decreased after full-mouth scaling and root planing and the additional aPDT and no surgery was necessary to improve the parameters. In patients with pus formation, the parameters decreased only after access flap surgery. CONCLUSION The presence of pus influences the clinical outcome of the treatment of peri-implant diseases. Whereas peri-implantitis cases without pus formation can be successfully managed nonsurgically, peri-implantitis with pus formation can be effectively treated after an additional observation time of 3 months postoperatively only with additional flap surgery.
Total extract and standardized fraction from the stem bark of Butea monosperma have osteoprotective action: evidence for the nonestrogenic osteogenic effect of the standardized fraction

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the skeletal effects of Butea total extract (BTE) and its acetone soluble fraction (ASF) from Butea monosperma, which is rich in methoxyisoflavones, in ovariectomized (OVx) rats, a model for postmenopausal bone loss. Methods: BTE (1.0 g kg−1 d−1) and ASF (100 mg kg−1 d−1) were given orally for 12 weeks to adult OVx rats. The sham-operated and ovariectomy + vehicle groups served as controls. Bone mineral density, osteoid formation (mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate), bone microarchitecture, and bone turnover/resorption markers were studied. Phytoestrogens in rats given BTE and ASF were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. One-way analysis of variance was used to test significance of effects. Results: OVx rats treated with either BTE or ASF exhibited increased bone mineral density in trabecular bones and improved trabecular microarchitecture compared with the ovariectomy + vehicle group. ASF treatment was more efficient than BTE treatment in maintaining trabecular microarchitecture. Serum osteocalcin and urinary type 1 collagen levels in OVx rats treated with either BTE or ASF were significantly lower than those of the ovariectomy + vehicle group. ASF treatment led to increased mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate compared with ovariectomy + vehicle, whereas BTE had no such effect. In the uterotropic assay, BTE was mildly estrogenic in adult OVx rats. In immature rats, BTE exhibited both estrogenicity and antiestrogenicity. ASF had neither uterine estrogenicity nor antiestrogenicity. Analysis of phytoestrogens revealed significant enrichment of cladrin, isoformononetin, and medicarpin in ASF over BTE. Conclusions: Derived from B monosperma, ASF at a 10-fold lower dose than that of BTE was effective in preventing OVx-induced bone loss and stimulated new-bone formation.
Comparative chromosomal study of five taxa of genus Callithrix, group Jacchus (Platyrrhini, primates)

The karyotypes of four marmoset species of the Callithrix jacchus group (C. aurita, C. kuhlii, C. geoffroyi, and C. penicillata) were investigated. The patterns of G‐, C‐, and NOR‐bands of these karyotypes were compared with those of C. jacchus, previously described, in order to clarify the taxonomic relationships of this species group. All species present 2n = 46, 14 uni‐ and 30 biarmed autosomes, a median size submetacentric X chromosome, and the same NOR‐band patterns. No rearrangement or constitutive heterochromatic variation differentiate these species, which differ only in the morphology of the Y chromosome. The data obtained indicate that, from the chromosomal point stand, the marmoset species of C. jacchus group constitute a homogeneous clade. Am J Primatol 41:53–60, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recursive Orthogonal Projection-Based Simplex Growing Algorithm

The simplex growing algorithm (SGA) has been widely used for finding endmembers. It can be considered as a sequential version of the well-known endmember finding algorithm, N-finder algorithm (N-FINDR), which finds endmembers one at a time by growing simplexes. However, one of the major hurdles for N-FINDR and SGA is the calculation of simplex volume (SV) which poses a great challenge in designing any algorithm using SV as a criterion for finding endmembers. This paper develops an orthogonal projection (OP)-based SGA (OP-SGA) which essentially resolves this computational issue. It converts the issue of calculating SV to calculating the OP on previously found simplexes without computing matrix determinants. Most importantly, a recursive Kalman filter-like OP-SGA, to be called recursive OP-SGA (ROP-SGA), can be also derived to ease computation. By virtue of ROP-SGA, several advantages and benefits in computational savings and hardware implementation can be gained for which N-FINDR and SGA do not have.
The Relationship between Recall and Precision

Empirical studies of retrieval performance have shown a tendency for Precision to decline as Recall increases. This article examines the nature of the relationship between Precision and Recall. The relationships between Recall and the number of documents retrieved, between Precision and the number of documents retrieved, and between Precision and Recall are described in the context of different assumptions about retrieval performance. It is demonstrated that a tradeoff between Recall and Precision is unavoidable whenever retrieval performance is consistently better than retrieval at random. More generally, for the Precision–Recall trade-off to be avoided as the total number of documents retrieved increases, retrieval performance must be equal to or better than overall retrieval performance up to that point. Examination of the mathematical relationship between Precision and Recall shows that a quadratic Recall curve can resemble empirical Recall–Precision behavior if transformed into a tangent parabola. With very large databases and/or systems with limited retrieval capabilities there can be advantages to retrieval in two stages: Initial retrieval emphasizing high Recall, followed by more detailed searching of the initially retrieved set, can be used to improve both Recall and Precision simultaneously. Even so, a tradeoff between Precision and Recall remains. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
La preocupación crónica como miedo contextual: Evidencia psicofisiológica

La preocupacion cronica se ha considerado un estado de ansiedad anticipatoria o miedo contextual distinto del miedo especifico o miedo fobico. El presente estudio intenta confirmar esta distincion examinando la preocupacion cronica mediante dos paradigmas experimentales basados en la modulacion de reflejos defensivos: uno de miedo contextual (la respuesta cardiaca de defensa) y otro de miedo especifico (el reflejo de sobresalto). Los resultados apoyan la interpretacion de la preocupacion cronica como un estado de miedo contextual acompanado de pobre regulacion del sistema nervioso autonomo.
Risks of brain tumour following treatment for cancer in childhood: Modification by genetic factors, radiotherapy and chemotherapy

A cohort of 4,400 persons treated for various cancers of childhood in France and the UK was followed up over an extended period to assess risks of subsequent brain tumour in relation to the radiotherapy and chemotherapy that the children received for their first cancer. Elevated risks of subsequent brain tumours were associated with first central nervous system (CNS) tumour (two‐sided p =0.0002) and neurofibromatosis (two‐sided p =0.001). There was also elevated brain tumour risk (two‐sided p =0.003) associated with ionising radiation exposure, the risk being concentrated among benign and unspecified brain tumours. The radiation‐related risk of benign and unspecified brain tumours was significantly higher than that of malignant brain tumours (two‐sided p≤ 0.05); there was no significant change of malignant brain tumour risk with ionising radiation dose (two‐sided p > 0.2). In general, there were no strong associations between alkylating agent dose and brain tumour risk. The only significant association between brain tumour risk and alkylating agent dose was in relation to compounds used (bleomycin, chloraminophen) that are thought not to deliver substantial doses to the brain; the statistical significance of the trend with dose depended on a single case, and thus must be considered a weak result. Int. J. Cancer 78:269–275, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human telomeric G‐quadruplex: structures of DNA and RNA sequences

Telomeres play an important role in cellular aging and cancer. Human telomeric DNA and RNA G‐rich sequences are capable of forming a four‐stranded structure, known as the G‐quadruplex. Such a structure might be important for telomere biology and a good target for drug design. This minireview describes the structural diversity or conservation of DNA and RNA human telomeric G‐quadruplexes, discusses structural views on targeting these G‐quadruplexes and presents some future challenges for structural studies.
Estrogen Receptor-β Immunoreactivity in Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neurons of the Rat Brain.

Abstract Feedback regulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons by estradiol plays important roles in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. Recently, we found that the majority of LHRH neurons in the rat contain estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) mRNA, whereas, they seemed to lack ER-α mRNA expression. In addition, we observed nuclear uptake of 125I-estrogen by a subset of these cells. These data suggest that ER-β is the chief receptor isoform mediating direct estrogen effects upon LHRH neurons. To verify the translation of ER-β protein within LHRH cells, the present studies applied dual-label immunocytochemistry (ICC) to free-floating sections obtained from the preoptic area of rats. The improved ICC method using the silver-gold intensification of nickel-diaminobenzidine chromogen, enabled the observation of nuclear ER-β-immunoreactivity in the majority of LHRH cells. The incidence of ER-β expression was similarly high in LHRH neurons of ovariectomized female (87.8 ± 2.3%, mean ± SEM),.
Vascular bed‐specific thrombosis

Summary. Hemostasis represents a finely tuned balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant forces. An imbalance of these forces may lead to clinically significant disease, including arterial, venous and/or microvascular thrombosis. The vast majority of hypercoagulable states are associated with local thrombus formation. The goal of this review is to discuss the mechanisms underlying site‐specific thrombosis.
A Multi-Center Evaluation of Early Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Trauma Patients

Rationale. Few studies have evaluated the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in trauma. Objective. To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with early AKI (evident within 24 hours of admission) in critically ill trauma patients. Methods. A retrospective interrogation of prospectively collected data from the Australian New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database. A total of 9,449 trauma patients were admitted for ≥24 hours to 57 intensive care units across Australia from January 1st, 2000, to December 31st, 2005. Main Findings. The crude incidence of AKI was 18.1% (n = 1,711). Older age, female sex (OR 1.60, 95% CI, 1.43–1.78, p < 0.0001), and the presence of co-morbid illness (OR 2.70, 95% CI 2.3–3.2, p < 0.0001) were associated with higher odds of AKI. Those with trauma not associated with brain injury (OR 2.40, 95% CI, 2.1–2.7, p < 0.0001) and a higher illness severity (OR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.11–1.12, p < 0.001) also had higher likelihood of AKI. Overall, AKI was associated with a higher crude mortality (16.7% vs. 7.8%, OR 2.36, 95% CI, 2.0–2.7, p < 0.001). Each RIFLE category of AKI was independently associated with hospital mortality in multi-variable analysis (risk: OR 1.69; injury OR 1.88; failure 2.29). Conclusions. Trauma admissions to ICU are frequently complicated by early AKI. Those at high risk for AKI appear to be older, female, with co-morbid illnesses, and present with greater illness severity. Early AKI in trauma is also independently associated with higher mortality. These data indicate a higher burden of AKI than previously described.