Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-dimensional morphospace of topological motifs in human fMRI brain networks

We present a low-dimensional morphospace of fMRI brain networks, where axes are defined in a data-driven manner based on the network motifs. The morphospace allows us to identify the key variations in healthy fMRI networks in terms of their underlying motifs and we observe that two principal components (PCs) can account for 97% of the motif variability. The first PC corresponds to the small-world axis and correlates strongly with the networks’ global efficiency. There is also some evidence that PC1 correlates with the average length of the 5% of longest edges in the network. Hence this axis represents the trade-off between the cost of long distance edges and their topological benefits. The second PC correlates with the networks’ assortativity. Finally, we show that the economical clustering generative model proposed by Vértes et al. can approximately reproduce the motif PC space of the real fMRI brain networks, in contrast to other generative models. Overall, the motif morphospace provides a powerful way to visualise the relationships between network properties and to study the driving forces behind the topology of fMRI brain networks.
Information communication technologies (ICTs) and knowledge sharing: The case of professional accountants in Malaysia

Based on the knowledge sharing model by Nonaka (1994), this study examines the relative efficacy of various Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) applications in facilitating sharing of explicit and tacit knowledge among professional accountants in Malaysia. The results of this study indicate that ICTs, generally, facilitate all modes of knowledge sharing. Best‐Practice Repositories are effective for sharing of both explicit and tacit knowledge, while internet/e‐mail facilities are effective for tacit knowledge sharing. Data warehousing/mining, on the other hand, is effective in facilitating self learning through tacit‐to‐tacit mode and explicit‐to‐explicit mode. ICT facilities used mainly for office administration are ineffective for knowledge sharing purpose. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: Associations and interactions in an international case‐control study

The importance of age at menarche, age at menopause, height, and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer, and the possible interactions among these factors in breast cancer causation were investigated in a data set collected in the late 1960's, in an international multicenter case‐control study. Multiple logistic regression procedures were used to model data from 3,993 breast cancer cases and 11,783 controls from 7 study centers representing the range of international variation of breast cancer incidence. Height and obesity (measured through the weight/height2 index) were independent risk factors for breast cancer among post‐menopausal but not pre‐menopausal women; post‐menopausal women taller by 10 cm had a 12% higher risk of breast cancer (95% confidence interval, Cl, 3‐21%) and post‐menopausal women of average height (say 158 cm) had an 11% higher risk of breast cancer (Cl 7‐16%) when they were heavier by 10 kg (and, therefore, more obese by 4 kg/m2). Age at menarche was a risk factor among both pre‐menopausal and post‐menopausal women, a delay of 2 years corresponding to a 10% reduction in breast cancer risk (Cl 6‐15%). Age at menopause was also a breast cancer risk factor, women with menopause at each 5 year age difference having a 17% higher risk of breast cancer (Cl 11‐22%). There is evidence of an interaction (deviation from the logistic regression‐postulated multiplicativity) between obesity and age at menarche, implying that the protective effect of late menarche may not apply to overweight women or that late menarche may become detrimental in obese women. The estimated relative risk coefficients, when applied to average risk factor levels observed among control women, can explain only a small fraction of the difference in breast cancer incidence between Boston and Tokyo.
A dynamic replica allocation method based on database migration in broadband networks

Dynamic relocation of databases through networks, or database migration, will soon become a powerful standard database operation effectively using recent advances in broadband networks. In our previous work, a transaction processing method has been proposed in distributed database environments, based on database migration operations. Generally, database replication is an effective technique to improve transaction processing throughput in conventional systems. In this paper, we propose a replica management method for use with database migration. Database migration is used at the beginning of a transaction to dynamically relocate database replicas. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using simulation results. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 31(8): 2232, 2000
A Tunable Circuit Model for the Modeling of Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array

An efficient, accurate, and tunable circuit model is presented for modeling of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) series-fed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array. For much improved model flexibility, the mutual coupling between antenna elements is taken into account and represented by a fully adjustable model, allowing the design parameters to be varied. Development of the circuit model is straightforward. Only one or two antenna elements from the array need to be simulated with a full-wave solver. Furthermore, the model is applicable for antenna arrays with different numbers of elements. The circuit model enables efficient iterative design and optimization of antenna arrays. Millimeter-wave SIW series-fed DRA array examples are used to validate the model. The simulation results using the proposed circuit model agree well with the full-wave solver and measurement results.
Data-driven Web-based Intelligent Decision Support System for Infection Management at Point-Of-Care: Case-Based Reasoning Benefits and Limitations

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a major patient safety issue. Attempts have been made to palliate its growth. Misuse of antibiotics to treat human infections is a main concern and therefore prescription behaviour needs to be studied and modified appropriately. A common approach relies on designing software tools to improve data visualization, promote knowledge transfer and provide decision-making support. This paper explains the design of a Decision Support System (DSS) for clinical environments to provide personalized, accurate and effective diagnostics at point-of-care (POC), improving continuity, interpersonal communication, education and knowledge transfer. Demographics, biochemical and susceptibility laboratory tests and individualized diagnostic/therapeutic advice are presented to clinicians in a handheld device. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is used as main reasoning engine to decision support for infection management at POC. A web-based CBR-inspired interface design focused on usability principles has also been developed. The proposed DSS is perceived as useful for patient monitoring and outcome review at POC by expert clinicians. The DSS was rated with a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 68.5 which indicates good usability. Furthermore, three areas of improvement were identified from the feedback provided by clinicians: thorough guidance requirements for junior clinicians, reduction in time consumption and integration with prescription workflow.
A Novel Putrescine Utilization Pathway Involves γ-Glutamylated Intermediates of Escherichia coli K-12*

A novel bacterial putrescine utilization pathway was discovered. Seven genes, the functions of whose products were not known, are involved in this novel pathway. Five of them encode enzymes that catabolize putrescine; one encodes a putrescine importer, and the other encodes a transcriptional regulator. This novel pathway involves six sequential steps as follows: 1) import of putrescine; 2) ATP-dependent γ-glutamylation of putrescine; 3) oxidization of γ-glutamylputrescine; 4) dehydrogenation of γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyraldehyde; 5) hydrolysis of the γ-glutamyl linkage of γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate; and 6) transamination of γ-aminobutyrate to form the final product of this pathway, succinate semialdehyde, which is the precursor of succinate.
DNA bending by the bulge defect.

Comparative gel electrophoresis measurements were used to characterize DNA bending in molecules containing an extra adenosine on one strand, the so-called bulge defect. We used oligomers containing A6 tracts separated from the bulged base by varying numbers of nucleotides to determine the direction and magnitude of the bulge bend. Helix unwinding by the bulge was determined from the electrophoretic anomaly as a function of the size of the repeated monomers. We conclude that the bulge bend is 21 degrees +/- 3 degrees, primarily in the direction of tilt away from the bulged base. The total helical advance of the DNA at the bulge site is smaller than would be the case if the complementary T were present, corresponding to an unwinding by 25 degrees +/- 6 degrees. These values are in good agreement with the results of NMR and energy minimization studies of the bulged base in double-helical deoxyoligonucleotides [Woodson, S. A. , & Crothers, D.M. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 3130-3141]
Quantifying the Performance Limits of Human Saccadic Targeting during Visual Search

In previous studies of saccadic targeting, the issue how visually guided saccades to unambiguous targets are programmed and executed has been examined. These studies have found different degrees of guidance for saccades depending on the task and task difficulty. In this study, we use ideal-observer analysis to estimate the visual information used for the first saccade during a search for a target disk in noise. We quantitatively compare the performance of the first saccadic decision to that of the ideal observer (ie absolute efficiency of the first saccade) and to that of the associated final perceptual decision at the end of the search (ie relative efficiency of the first saccade). Our results show, first, that at all levels of salience tested, the first saccade is based on visual information from the stimulus display, and its highest absolute efficiency is ∼20%. Second, the efficiency of the first saccade is lower than that of the final perceptual decision after active search (with eye movements) and has a minimum relative efficiency of 19% at the lowest level of saliency investigated. Third, we found that requiring observers to maintain central fixation (no saccades allowed) decreased the absolute efficiency of their perceptual decision by up to a factor of two, but that the magnitude of this effect depended on target salience. Our results demonstrate that ideal-observer analysis can be extended to measure the visual information mediating saccadic target-selection decisions during visual search, which enables direct comparison of saccadic and perceptual efficiencies.
A Novel cdc2‐Related Protein Kinase Expressed in the Nervous System

Abstract: We report the cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a cdc2‐related protein kinase, named PFTAIRE, that is expressed primarily in the postnatal and adult nervous system. We have demonstrated by in situ hybridization and indirect immunofluorescence that several populations of terminally differentiated neurons and some neuroglia expressed PFTAIRE mRNA and protein. In neurons, PFTAIRE protein was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cell bodies. The anatomical, cellular, and ontogenic patterns of PFTAIRE expression in the nervous system differed from those of p34cdc2 and cdk5, which are expressed in brain and several other mitotic tissues. Proteins of ∼58–60 kDa coprecipitated specifically with PFTAIRE from cytosolic protein preparations of adult mouse brain and transfected cells. These proteins appeared to be the major endogenous substrates associated with this kinase activity. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of PFTAIRE in the postnatal and adult nervous system suggest that PFTAIRE kinase activity may be associated with the postmitotic and differentiated state of cells in the nervous system and that its function may be distinct from those of p34cdc2 and cdk5.
An Improved Feature Weighting Method for Text Classification

Feature extraction is the important prerequisite of classifying text effectively and automatically. TF · IDF is widely used to express the text feature weight. But it has some problems. TF•IDF can’t reflect the distribution of terms in the text, and then can’t reflect the importance degree and the difference between categories. This paper proposes a new feature weighting method — TF•IDF•C i to which a new weight C i is added to express the differences between classes on the base of original TF•IDF. After combining TF•IDF•C i and specific classification algorithm, it always get a larger macro F1 value than of TF•IDF. Meanwhile, the standard deviation of the classification index of the TF•IDF•C i is much smaller than that of TF•IDF. That shows TF•IDF•C i not only improve the classification precision but also decreases the sensitivity towards feature dimensions to some extent.
Wnt signal transduction pathways

The Wnt signaling pathway is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates crucial aspects of cell fate determination, cell migration, cell polarity, neural patterning and organogenesis during embryonic development. The Wnts are secreted glycoproteins and comprise a large family of nineteen proteins in humans hinting to a daunting complexity of signaling regulation, function and biological output. To date major signaling branches downstream of the Fz receptor have been identified including a canonical or Wnt/β-catenin dependent pathway and the non-canonical or β-catenin-independent pathway which can be further divided into the Planar Cell Polarity and the Wnt/Ca2+ pathways, and these branches are being actively dissected at the molecular and biochemical levels. In this review, we will summarize the most recent advances in our understanding of these Wnt signaling pathways and the role of these pathways in regulating key events during embryonic patterning and morphogenesis.
Comparison of different documentation styles for frameworks of object-oriented code

Frameworks are increasingly employed as a useful way to enable object-oriented reuse. However, understanding frameworks is not easy due to their size and complexity. Previous work concentrated on different ways to document frameworks, but it was unclear which ones were actually better. This paper presents a novel way of investigating the different philosophies for framework documentation. The philosophies include minimalist, patterns-style and extended javadoc (Jdoc) documentation. Using a survey of 140 novices engaged in Swing intensive coding work, this empirical study discovered some guidelines for effective framework documentation for the Swing framework. The results suggest that different documentation is better for different goals.
Comparison of parallel scheduling for triangular system resolution on multi-core processors

In this paper, we present two parallel scheduling resolving linear triangular system: on the one hand Column-Oriented-Scheduling (COS) and Critical Path Algorithm (CPA) on the other hand through which, theoretically, their execution time reaches the lower bound of makespan without communication costs. These algorithms are implemented on the GRID'5000 and some experimental results are presented for comparing experimentally makespans and efficiencies with that of the appropriate routine belonging to library called PLASMA (Parallel Linear Algebra Software for Multi-core Architectures).
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) interpretation requires a sensitive method for the detection of amplified DNA

The random amplified polymorphic DNA technique (RAPD) has found wide use in molecular genetics because of its speed and ease of use. For various reasons, with this method the amplified DNA fragments are produced at different concentrations between genotypes and even between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) runs. Since the detection of the multiple amplified fragments is performed routinely by agarose gel, and seldom by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have found that by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), which is more sensitive and accurate than gel electrophoresis, it is possible to unequivocally detect amplified fragments even at low concentration, avoiding polymorphism misinterpretation. CZE is also useful to make more potentially polymorphic fragments evident per random primer used, with obvious economical benefits.
Present status of the world goat populations and their productivity.

In the developing countries, goats make a very valuable contribution, especially to the poor in the rural areas. The importance of this valuable genetic resource is underestimated and its extent of contribution to the livelihood of the poor is inadequately understood. They are often neglected in comparison with cattle and sheep. Part of this attitude towards them can probably be due to a recognition of their capability, rather any prejudice against them, as it is believed that goats are intelligent, independent, agile, tolerant to many diseases and parasites and can look after themselves much better than other livestock species. Research and development investments to improve the relatively low level of goat’s productivity do not match their potential importance, resulting in many goat breeds that are not genetically explored, especially in the developing countries. Nevertheless, goats are going to be more important source of livelihood for many more people in coming years and, thus, they deserve greater attention at both the micro and macro levels. Now, it is the time to consider and pay attention to the value and capacity of goats for producing food. This article discusses and reviews the present status of the world goat populations and their productivity. Number of goats in the world: Accurate statistics are required to determine the future outlook of the goat populations and their productivity. They are also needed before any improvement policies can be planned on a realistic basis and implemented with confidence. Table 1 presents numbers of goat and sheep populations in different parts of the world, along with the ratios of goat to sheep and their percentages out of the total number of goats and sheep in the world (FAOSTAT, 2008). Table 1: Numbers of goats and sheep in different parts of the world, ratio of goat to sheep per each and their percentages out of the world total number (FAOSTAT, 2008) Present status of the world goat populations and their productivity
Novel Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Role of BjAnn1, a Mustard Annexin Protein in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines

Glioblastoma represents the deadliest tumors of the central nervous systems and their bleak prognosis remains unchanged over the past few decades and requiring new treatments that curb the tumor progression. Cancer cells possess high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels when compared to their normal control counterparts. We have earlier characterized the ROS-scavenging annexin protein, BjAnn1 from Brassica juncea and demonstrated its peroxidase activity. Since annexins are widely conserved across evolutionary lines with involvement in stress alleviation, we attempted to verify the effect of ectopic expression of ROS-scavenging BjAnn1 in human glioblastoma cell lines. The multiple sequence alignment revealed that BjAnn1 showed homology to human annexin A13 (73.18%), annexin A2 (70.66%), annexin A3 (72.53%) and annexin A8 (70.03%). Stable expression of BjAnn1 in U251 and U87 cells inhibited proliferation, migration and invading abilities in correlation with significant decrease in ROS levels in comparison to the empty vector (EV)-expressing controls. Multiple gene-profiling using cDNAPCR arrays revealed a prominent transcriptional upregulation of oxidative stress responsive genes including CCS, CYB, DUOX2, FOXM, GSS, MBL2, MT3, MTL5, NME5, PXDN, SOD2 and SOD3 in BjAnn1-expressing glioblastoma cells. Western blotting confirmed the significant increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD2 (MnSOD) and SOD3 (Cu/ZnSOD) in BjAnn1-expressing cells. We also observed a significant inhibition in nuclear translocation of p65 and p50, NF-κB reporter activity and expression of NF-κB-target genes in BjAnn1 expressing cells. In summary, our study shows a prominent tumor-suppressive role of ROS-scavenging BjAnn1 in glioblastoma cell lines suggesting it as a novel candidate for efficient gene therapy in glioblastoma.
Functions of hyaluronan.

In the middle of the last century, synovial fluid had already been reported to contain a 'mucin' which gave the fluid its viscosity and lubricating properties. ' In 1939, Meyer et al2 identified the viscous component of this mucin as hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid), a polysaccharide previously isolated from the bovine vitreous body.3 Subsequent work focused largely on determining the concentration of hyaluronan in, and the viscosity of, pathological synovial fluids' 4-6 compared with normal fluids. At the same time, other research groups began a physicochemical characterisation of synovial hyaluronan.7 8 Ever since this pioneering work, the role of hyaluronan in the joint under normal and pathological conditions has continued to arouse interest, especially so after the introduction of intra-articular injections of hyaluronan in the treatment of joint disorders.9 We have acquired a large amount of knowledge on hyaluronan since the thirties, but do we today know more about its real function in the joints? The structure, physical chemical properties and biology of hyaluronan have been frequently reviewed and the reader is referred to these articles. '0-'3
Influence of Mercaptoethanol Treatment on Skin Sensitizing and Complement Binding Ability of 7 S Anti-Dinitrophenol-Bovine Gamma Globulin Antibody.∗

Summary Treatment of a 7 S anti DNP-BGG antibody with 2-ME resulted in a marked diminution of its ability to trigger positive PCA reactions in mice and guinea pigs; 3 to 4 times more ME treated antibody was necessary to obtain a reaction comparable to that produced by native antibody. In the reverse PCA technique, ME treatment was without influence on the skin reaction. Therefore, the diminution of the direct PCA reaction is not the result of an impaired antigen antibody reaction, but rather the consequence of a diminished tissue fixation of ME treated antibody. Complement fixing capacity of the antibody was practically abolished by ME treatment. From this fact and from results of PCA reactions in decomplemented animals, it follows that PCA reactions in mice and guinea pigs require little, if any complement.