Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport of colloids in saturated porous media: A pore‐scale observation of the size exclusion effect and colloid acceleration

We present experimental evidence of the effect of colloid exclusion from areas of small aperture sizes, using direct observations at the pore‐scale using a realistic micromodel of porous media. Four sizes of hydrophobic latex spheres in aqueous suspension, from 0.05 to 3 μm, were introduced into the micromodel at three different pressure gradients. We observed the frequency of occurrence of the size exclusion effect and the influence of relative size of pore throats and colloids (T/C ratio) and flow velocity. From our observations the smallest T/C ratio entered by these different colloids was 1.5. We also observed certain preferential pathways through the pore space for different colloid sizes, such that size exclusion eventually results in distinct pathways. These preferential paths become more important for larger colloids and for greater pressure gradients. Measured colloid velocities were 4–5.5 times greater than estimated pore water velocities. Acceleration factors (ratio of colloid to water velocity) increased for all colloid sizes with increasing pore‐scale Pe. Smaller particles appeared to travel along faster streamlines in pore throats, while larger particles travel along with a number of streamlines, thus at a slightly lower velocity than the small colloids. At larger scales the acceleration factor is decreased owing to Brownian motion, adsorption, colloid and straining filtration, and other factors, but these pore‐scale results shed light on the size exclusion effect and its role in determining early colloid breakthrough.
The Roles of International Entrepreneur Orientation and Geographical Scope Level to Determine International Performance: A Case in the Malaysian Halal Food Industry

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of geographical scope level as a moderator of the relationship between international entrepreneurial orientation and the international performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Malaysian halal food industry. Most of the previous studies have discovered that there is a positive relationship between international entrepreneur orientation (IEO) and the international performance. Unfortunately, many studies were focused on developed countries and high technology industry. Furthermore, the role of geographical scope as a moderator also been excluded in the majority of studies from both international business and international entrepreneurship. This study offers an alternative in developing countries and other industry settings that influenced through the Islamic religious factor in producing special dietary requirements for Muslim consumers, which is known as the halal food industry. This study is a quantitative research designed using the survey method. The result of the survey shows that there is a significant relationship between two groups of small and medium enterprises towards their geographical scope level, international entrepreneur orientation, and international performance. Moreover, SMEs that export to wider geographical scope achieve higher international performance and growth as global exporters compare to those SMEs that operates within a narrow scope only gets to attain lower performance and growth as international exporters.
Post-occupancy Evaluation at the Zoo: Behavioral and Hormonal Indicators of Welfare in Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii)

i Acknowledgements ii List of Tables iv List of Figures v Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Method and Procedure 17 Chapter 3: Results 34 Chapter 4: Discussion and Conclusions 64 References 75 Appendices A: Red Ape Reserve exhibit outdoor plant species 81 B: Orangutan Ethogram 82 C: Behavioral data percent of observable interval totals 85
A conceptual model of assessment of knowledge transfer to consumer

Due to changing needs of knowledge consumers in the context of globalization organizations find it important to search out the way of effective application of the process of knowledge sharing and distribution in their activity in order to create and/or select proper means of communication with consumers on purpose of effective satisfaction of their knowledge needs. In order to address the problems of such nature it is important to assess the process of knowledge transfer and consumer purchase, knowledge needs, knowledge transferred to meet of consumer needs, channels and means of knowledge transfer. Also, to select purposefully channels of communication with consumers and tools of e-marketing that are suitable for satisfaction of consumer needs, i.e. channels and tools that affect self-determination of consumer to take a decision to acquire a product or service of specific organization.
AC 2012-3131: DO STUDENTS DREAM BEYOND LEDS? INNOVATIVE QUALITIES OF IDEAS GENERATED BY FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENTS

One of the goals of engineering education is to help students develop skills and competencies to be innovative. This goal is motivated by the need for innovative engineering graduates who can tackle the complex challenges of an advanced global society. The purpose of this study is to assess engineering students’ idea generation abilities in specific aspects of innovation (feasibility, viability, usefulness, desirability, and novelty) at the onset of their education. Seventy-two students completed an idea generation task as part of a course practical exam, listing inexpensive energy-saving solutions for a local library and selecting their most innovative solution. The solutions were scored using a five-point integer scale (with 5 as the highest score). The average scores in each of the five qualities of innovation indicate that students succeeded in viability but failed to consider usefulness, desirability, and novelty. The most common solutions were expected solutions such as replacing current light bulbs with LEDs and installing automatic lighting. Based on these results, we suggest that future research focus on methods to improve students’ understanding of the importance of usefulness and desirability as important aspects of innovative design and to consider novel solutions.
English Influence on Swedish Word Formation and Segmentals

The object of this study is to determine the nature and degree of English influence on contemporary spoken Swedish at the phonological and morphological levels. Particular attention is paid to certain contact-linguistically critical situations of importance for speech technology applications. Several corpora of spoken and written Swedish are analyzed regarding segmental and word formation effects. The results suggest that any description of contemporary spoken Swedish (be it formal, pedagogical or technical) needs to be extended to cover both phonological and morphological material of English origin. Previous studies of socio-linguistic and other underlying factors governing the variability observed have shown that education and age play a significant role, but that individual variability is large. It is suggested that interacting phonological constraints and their relaxation may be one way of explaining this. An attempt at a diachronic comparison is also made, showing that morphological processes involving English material are frequent in contemporary Swedish, while virtually non-existing in two corpora of spoken Swedish from the mid 1960s. Requirements for speech technology applications are also discussed.
Study of serum magnesium level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and it’s correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetic complications

Background: Hypomagnesemia has been proposed as a novel factor implicated in the pathogenesis of poor glycemic control and diabetic complications. Aim of the present study is to study serum magnesium level in patients with type 2 DM and to find the correlation between serum magnesium levels, HbA1c and diabetic complications. Methods: 100 patients with Type 2 DM (50 males and 50 females) who were diagnosed on the basis of ADA criteria or taking treatment for Diabetes were included in the study. All patients underwent tests for serum magnesium level, fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c and also target organ evaluation for Diabetes. A detailed history and examination was also done. Results: There was significant difference in the prevalence of hypomagnesemia (34% vs 6%) and serum magnesium levels (1.59±0.187 versus 1.78±0.126, p <0.0001) between diabetics and control group. FBS (172.17±30.55 versus 137.06±37.76, p<0.0001), PPBS (243±61.21 versus 195.84±59.1, p = 0.0003) and HbA1C (8.42±1.292 versus 7.04±0.956, p<0.0001) were significantly higher in hypomagnesemic diabetics as compared to normomagnesemic diabetics. Significant proportion of hypomagnesemic diabetics were suffering from retinopathy as compared to normomagnesemic diabetics (47.06% versus 19.70%, p = 0.0042). Diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, hypertension and IHD were also higher in hypomagnesemic diabetics as compared to normomagnesemic diabetics, but insignificant. Conclusions: Prevalence of hypomagnesemia in Type 2 diabetics was 34%. Diabetics with hypomagnesemia had poor glycemic control. Hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy.
SEDIMENTARY RHYTHMS AND CLIMATIC FORCING OF PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE MIXED CARBONATE / SILICICLASTIC SEDIMENTS OFF THE GREAT BARRIER REEF

Sediments recovered from the upper-slope and outer-shelf Great Barrier Reef transect (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 133, Sites 819 through 821) contain a high-resolution, 1.5-m.y. record of mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentation. More than 30 multimeter-scale couplets of finingand coarsening-upward sediments having varying proportions of carbonate and authigenic glauconite are present. These couplets stack into cyclic bundles observed in carbonate and magnetic susceptibility data that, in turn, vary systematically with respect to systems tract development deduced from sequence-stratigraphic analysis. At Site 821, these bundles and their variations clearly track relative changes in sea level for the past ~ 1.48 m.y. The data presented suggest that these various levels of cyclicity are expressed as the result of high sedimentation rates along the margin and that the dominant control on their development has been climate variations that modulated variations in sea level and terrigenous influx. The average duration of many of these cycles is in the Milankovitch waveband and is related to both fourth(102-443 ka) and fifth-order (34-88 ka) cycles of sea-level change. These cycles are examined with respect to their lithology (color, percentage of total foraminifers, bioclasts, siliciclastics, authigenic glauconite, nannofossils, and tunicates), sequence stratigraphy, downhole log characteristics, magnetic susceptibility, and percentage of carbonate. Time series and Fourier transform results from high-resolution magnetic susceptibility and sonic velocity data suggest strong orbital forcing of the sedimentary cycles, although with differing intensities for different depositional packages and time frames. Magnetic susceptibility/carbonate cycles are interpreted as pulses of deposition of fine-grained siliciclastics during times of maximum flooding (along downlapped surfaces) and subsequent highstand progradation. These pulses dilute carbonate and contain fine-grained magnetically susceptible detrital minerals.
Connexin in Lens Physiology and Cataract Formation

Connexins are a family of proteins that forms hemichannels that communicate the cytoplasm with the extracellular space. When two hemichannels [each one from two neighboring cells] make contact, they form a gap junction channel, which communicates the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. The molecular mechanisms that control the opening and closing of both functional hemichannels and gap junction channels is still matter of intense scrutiny. The lens is a transparent structure located in the anterior segment of the eye, which is critical for normal vision. Its main function is to refract the light, focusing it on the retina. Given this function, the lens requires great transparency and homogeneity which are attained by being avascular to avoid light scattering. To compensate for the lack of blood vessels, lens cells have intercellular connections formed by gap junction channels, which allow passive flux of nutrients and metabolites throughout the entire lens. Cataracts are produced by opacity of the lens, so less light reaches the retina. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of gap junction channels and hemichannels may induce cataract formation. Here we review general properties of gap junction channels and hemichannels. Then, we show the role of these channels in lens physiology and cataract formation with emphasis on rodent models lacking particular connexin genes and single point mutations in humans associated to hemichannel dysfunction. Finally, we raise the question of how environmental factors may affect hemichannel and gap junction activity and in turn induce or accelerate cataract formation by discussing the evidence that link molecular modifications [i.e phosphorylation and oxidation] of gap junction channels and hemichannels with cataract formation.
Radiocarbon Dating of the Human Occupation of Australia Prior to 40 ka BP—Successes and Pitfalls

Charcoal samples from ancient human occupation sites in Australia have been subjected to a rigorous pretreatment and stepped combustion regime in order to explore the possibility that these sites may be older than previous radiocarbon dating had suggested. In one case, the Devil's Lair site in southwest Australia, the methodology has clearly removed vestiges of contamination by more modern carbon and has led to a revised radiocarbon chronology that provides evidence for human occupation of southwest Australia by at least 44 ka BP and probably by 46–47 ka BP. In contrast, charcoal from the Nauwalabila site has been so severely altered that insufficient of the original carbon remains for reliable 14C dating. Finally, where the charcoal is well preserved, such as at the Carpenter's Gap site, the new results provide reassurance that earlier 14C results of ∼40 ka BP are indeed true ages and are not simply at the limit of the 14C technique.
Temporomandibular disorder in children at deciduous and mixed denture

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays an important role in the function of stomatognathic system. The acronym TMD – Temporomandibular disorder – is a general term for a series of signs and symptoms involving the masticatory muscles, TMJ, and associated structures. TMDs have a multifactorial etiology despite that many controversies still exist on this subject. Structural factors as trauma, malocclusion, systemic hypermobility, oral parafunctions, and emotional conditions (stress, anxiety, and depression) may trigger TMDs appearance. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the signs and clinical symptoms of TMDs in patients treated at the School of Dentistry of the Institute of Science and Technology of Sao Jose dos Campos – UNESP - SP. Material and Methods: Fifty patients, both genders, aged between five and thirteen years were examined through muscle palpation and auscultation . Intra and extraoral examinations were performed, observing occlusion interference, denture type, protrusion or retrusion of the mandible, open bite or crossbite, edge-to-edge bite relation, midline shifts, limitation of mouth opening, and mandible shift during mouth opening and closing. Anamnesis comprised questions on the child’s habits and symptoms noticeable by the parents or legal guardians, information on the child’s personality and mood. Results: The obtained data were analyzed through percentage and qualitative analysis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that children exhibited signs and symptoms of TMDs, but TMDs presence cannot be affirmed in the studied sample ; stress or altered behavior influenced on the presence of the signs and symptoms in the TMJ area Keywords Temporomandibular joint; Mixed dentition; Primary dentition; Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.
Reproductive strategy of the invasive green mussel may result in increased competition with native fauna in the southeastern United States

Understanding the population dynamics of invasive species, such as the green mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), can aid in explaining the success of newly introduced populations and help predict the potential for spread. During a two-year field study of established populations in the invaded region of southwest Florida, year round gametogenesis and continuous spawning capabilities were observed through histological analysis of mussels collected monthly. This was supported by overall stable energetic reserves as measured through proximal biochemical composition (protein, glycogen and lipid content). However, egg outputs in the summer (6.4 × 10 6 ± 2.6 × 10 6 eggs / female) were significantly higher than egg outputs of winter-spawned mussels (7.7 × 10 4 ± 1.4 × 10 4 eggs / female). Stability in biochemical composition, suggests temperature and food availability were sufficient year round, allowing for the maintenance of reserves and active gametogenesis. Protein ranged from 409.0–628.0 mg g −1 , glycogen from 44.3–158.5 mg g −1 and total lipids from 7.4–13.5 mg g −1. Year-round reproductive capabilities supported by sufficient energy reserves may help explain the rapid colonization and high densities of green mussels along the southeastern United States and suggests the potential for competition with native species, particularly the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791).
Phylogenetic analysis of fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae (Teleostei:Cyprinidae) from Indian Himalayas using cytochrome b gene

Molecular phylogeny of two genera containing five species fish of the subfamily Schizothoracinae distributed in the northand north-east Himalayas was investigated based on the partial 307 bp cytochrome b gene sequences. The sequence analysisdata showed that 48 sites out of 307 (16%) were variable without any insertion or deletion. Rate of transition (4.8%) washigher than transversion (0.65%). A total of 12 haplotypes (h) were identified. No haplotype was shared by the five species.The nucleotide diversity (π) ranged from 0.00561 to 0.06073 with least between Schizothorax richardsonii and Schizothorax progastus . The phylogenetic tree, constructed by neighbour-joining, minimum evolution and maximum parsimony methodsrevealed similar results suggesting that S. richardsonii and S. progastus were more closely related to each other than the otherspecies in the subfamily, which was also confirmed by the genetic distance data. The results indicate that cytochrome b geneis useful in analysing genetic variation as well as in unravelling phylogenetic relationship in the subfamily Schizothoracinae.
Exchange Rates, Inflation and Monetary Policy Objectives in Open Economies: The Experience of Chile

This paper characterizes, empirically, the conduct of monetary policy in a small open economy. In particular, using as a case study the Chilean inflation targeting experience, we assess the role of the exchange rate in the determination of the interest rate. We conclude that Chile has adopted what Svensson (1997) calls a gradual approach to targeting inflation. This means, in practice, that the central bank modifies its policy instrument, the interest rate, whenever expected inflation or output deviate from its target. In this context, we find evidence that the monetary authorities also react to real exchange rate misalignments. This reaction is comparatively larger than that found in developed economies. Finally, the evidence, although not conclusive, seems to suggest a non linear response to exchange rate misalignments: the central bank reacts strongly to large deviations rather than to small ones
Investigation of liquid viscosity influence on flow rate measurement by rotary vane meters

The influence of liquid viscosity on the flowing volume measurement accuracy by rotary vane meter is investigated experimentally and numerically. Experiments are performed in 4 different liquid fuel (diesel, petrol and 2 type of kerosene) flows using the volumetric and gravimet-ric methods. Experimental results are summarized considering errors variation with dependence on Reynolds number ReD. It is shown that error curves have peak values, which indi-cate the transition from the dominant laminar flow to the turbulent flow regime or, otherwise, dividing line between low and high ReD number regions. At low ReD, number leakages through the gaps between the meter vanes and housing as well as errors strongly depend on mechanical friction of the meter’s rotor and hydrodynamic friction due to liquid viscosity. In this ReD number range, variation of pressure losses follows the regularity pattern typical for the laminar flow regime. At high ReD number, as a conse-quence of flow turbulization in the meter passage, error variation follows a unique dependence on ReD number. However, liquid viscosity influence on leakages through the gaps remains. When ReD number approaches values 106, the errors approach the constant asymptotic value. Numerical simulation confirms the basic pre-sumption used, but it also shows urgency to estimate peculiarities of a complicated movement structure in be-tween the vanes spaces and their impact on leakages through the gaps, taking into account Re number. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.mech. 20.2. 6940
Reconstruction of Half-Sibling Population Structures

Half-sibling reconstruction is the task of determining maternal and paternal sibling relationships from observed genotypes of same-generation individuals in a population. Knowledge of how populations are structured allows biologists to understand mating habits of different species, how threatened a population is, and how best to protect threatened or endangered species. This thesis examines the problem of half-sibling reconstruction and explains an accurate and fast heurstic for reconstructing half-siblings. The heuristic reconstructs half-sibling relationships with high accuracy on large biological populations where existing algorithms fail due to running time constraints. In addition to identifying and discussing some of the major problems with half-sibling reconstruction, we also prove that even the task of determining whether a half-sibling reconstruction obeys genetic inheritance laws is NP -complete. Some solutions for overcoming the inherent difficulty of half-sibling reconstruction are also proposed.
An Ethnographic Study of Coping Strategies among Chinese College Students in Beijing

The present article discusses the patterns of coping strategies among a group of college students in Beijing. Specially designed questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data for the study. Results indicated that to cope with stress in their academic underachievement, emotional frustrations, interpersonal conflicts and others, the Chinese college students used a variety of strategies, including culturally appropriate ones such as self-reflection, endurance, self-control, Ah-Qism, take-it-easy/let-happen-what-may. The practical implications of the strategies are explored in relation to the current social and political realities in China. Additionally, the experiential and psychosocial significance of the culturally appropriate coping strategies are analyzed in terms of the Confucian ethics of self-cultivation and the Taoist ethics of self-transcendence. The analyses demonstrate that the coping strategies foster a sense of enlightened awareness of the dynamics of conflicts in the mundane world and that attainment of inner harmony "he" constitutes the cultural protocol for coping with stress in Chinese society. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the present study on further researches on the issue being explored. 2fs:Jt~itlil tJ.1m~t~ (ethnographic) 8{j:1J7t*T! Jf~r:p ~*~~JEH'. J-::f[q ] ,c,,f_ffi[l/UIP8{j:1J7t o 2fs:T! Jf~~illH&l §f]' ~H8f,_JWif5}F"'5~~]tT~tEtiZ:9fiJT:*:~r:p 120 ::fS:*:~~fiJT'ffi fflB{_j{,,£mmJJIE¥. 1-:J·*m~ o 1ft~} • 2fs:T! Jf~illtt'1WJT~ r:j:l3o::fS~~o~] tM**~:r:p~*~~~ff l7~~-r:p~Jt~W·~~-MfiffiM~B{_JJE¥ . M*~o2fs:Jt~