Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redox Fluctuations and Organic Complexation Govern Uranium Redistribution from U(IV)-Phosphate Minerals in a Mining-Polluted Wetland Soil, Brittany, France.

Wetlands have been proposed to naturally attenuate U transfers in the environment via U complexation by organic matter and potential U reduction. However, U mobility may depend on the identity of particulate/dissolved uranium source materials and their redox sensitivity. Here, we examined the fate of uranium in a highly contaminated wetland (up to 4500 mg·kg-1 U) impacted by former mine water discharges. Bulk U LIII-EXAFS and (micro-)XANES combined with SEM-EDXS analyses of undisturbed soil cores show a sharp U redox boundary at the water table, together with a major U redistribution from U(IV)-minerals to U(VI)-organic matter complexes. Above the water table, U is fully oxidized into mono- and bidentate U(VI)-carboxyl and monodentate U(VI)-phosphoryl complexes. Minute amounts of U(VI)-phosphate minerals are also observed. Below the water table, U is fully reduced and is partitioned between U(IV)-phosphate minerals (i.e., ningyoite and a lermontovite-like phase), and bidentate U(IV)-phosphoryl and monodentate U(IV)-carboxyl complexes. Such a U redistribution from U-minerals inherited from mine water discharge deposits could result from redox cycling nearby the water table fluctuation zone. Oxidative dissolution of U(IV)-phosphate minerals could have led to U(VI)-organic matter complexation, followed by subsequent reduction into U(IV)-organic complexes. However, uranium(IV) minerals could have been preserved in permanently waterlogged soil.
Ordinal vs dichotomous analyses of modified Rankin Scale, 5-year outcome, and cost of stroke

Objective To compare how 3 common representations (ordinal vs dichotomized as 0–1/2–6 or 0–2/3–6) of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)—a commonly used trial outcome measure—relate to long-term outcomes, and quantify trial ineligibility rates based on premorbid mRS. Methods In consecutive patients with ischemic stroke in a population-based, prospective, cohort study (Oxford Vascular Study; 2002–2014), we related 3-month mRS to 1-year and 5-year disability and death (logistic regressions), and health/social care costs (generalized linear model), adjusted for age/sex, and compared goodness-of-fit values (C statistic, mean absolute error). We also calculated the proportion of patients in whom premorbid mRS score >1 or >2 would result in exclusion from trials using dichotomous analysis. Results Among 1,607 patients, the ordinal mRS was more strongly related to 5-year mortality than both the 0–1/2–6 and 0–2/3–6 dichotomies (all p < 0.0001). Results were similar for 5-year disability, and 5-year care costs were also best captured by the ordinal model (change in mean absolute error vs age/sex: −$3,059 for ordinal, −$2,805 for 0–2/3–6, −$1,647 for 0–1/2–6). Two hundred forty-four (17.1%) 3-month survivors had premorbid mRS score >2 and 434 (30.5%) had mRS score >1; both proportions increased with female sex, socioeconomic deprivation, and age (all p < 0.0001). Conclusion The ordinal form of the 3-month mRS relates better to long-term outcomes and costs in survivors of ischemic stroke than either dichotomy. This finding favors using ordinal approaches in trials analyzing the mRS. Exclusion of patients with higher premorbid disability by use of dichotomous primary outcomes will also result in unrepresentative samples.
B Chromosomes in Grasshoppers: Different Origins and Pathways to the Modern Bs

B chromosomes (Bs) were described in most taxa of eukaryotes and in around 11.9% of studied Orthopteran species. In some grasshopper species, their evolution has led to many B chromosome morphotypes. We studied the Bs in nine species (Nocaracris tardus, Nocaracris cyanipes, Aeropus sibiricus, Chorthippus jacobsoni, Chorthippus apricarius, Bryodema gebleri, Asiotmethis heptapotamicus songoricus, Podisma sapporensis, and Eyprepocnemis plorans), analyzing their possible origin and further development. The studied Bs consisted of C-positive or C-positive and C-negative regions. Analyzing new data and considering current hypotheses, we suggest that Bs in grasshoppers could arise through different mechanisms and from different chromosomes of the main set. We gave our special attention to the Bs with C-negative regions and suggest a new hypothesis of B chromosome formation from large or medium autosomes. This hypothesis includes dissemination of repetitive sequences and development of intercalary heterochromatic blocks in euchromatic chromosome arm followed by deletion of euchromatic regions located between them. The hypothesis is based on the findings of the Eyprepocnemis plorans specimens with autosome containing numerous intercalary repeat clusters, analysis of C-positive Bs in Eyprepocnemis plorans and Podisma sapporensis containing intercalary and terminal C-negative regions, and development of heterochromatic neo-Y chromosome in some Pamphagidae grasshoppers.
Teleconsultation Using Mobile Phones for Diagnosis and Acute Care of Burn Injuries Among Emergency Physicians: Mixed-Methods Study

Background The referral process in acute care remains challenging in many areas including burn care. Mobile phone apps designed explicitly for medical referrals and consultations could streamline the referral process by using structured templates and integrating features specific to different specialties. However, as these apps are competing with commercial chat services, usability becomes a crucial factor for successful uptake. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the usability of a mobile phone app for remote consultations and referrals of burn injuries. Methods A total of 24 emergency doctors and 4 burns consultants were recruited for the study. A mixed-methods approach was used including a usability questionnaire and a think-aloud interview. Think-aloud sessions were video-recorded, and content analysis was undertaken with predefined codes relating to the following 3 themes: ease of use, usefulness of content, and technology-induced errors. Results The users perceived the app to be easy to use and useful, but some problems were identified. Issues relating to usability were associated with navigation, such as scrolling and zooming. Users also had problems in understanding the meaning of some icons and terminologies. Sometimes, some users felt limited by predefined options, and they wanted to be able to freely express their clinical findings. Conclusions We found that users faced problems mainly with navigation when the app did not work in the same way as the other apps that were frequently used. Our study also resonates with previous findings that when using standardized templates, the systems should also allow the user to express their clinical findings in their own words.
Couple-Level Dynamics and Multilevel Challenges Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Framework of Dyadic HIV Care.

The primary romantic relationship may offer critical opportunities for improving HIV care among key populations affected by high rates of HIV infection and low rates of care engagement, such as black men who have sex with men. A conceptual framework is needed to identify dyadic processes involved in addressing challenges in retention in care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study conducted dyadic and individual-level qualitative analyses of individual interviews with men living with HIV from 14 black gay couples (n = 28). Interviews explored each partner's perspectives on challenges to and supportive strategies for retention in care and medication adherence. Findings highlighted challenges at various levels of care engagement and patterns of dyadic interactions that impeded or facilitated HIV care. Couple-level processes (i.e., couple's resilience, interdependence) underlined a joint problem-solving approach toward addressing challenges in care engagement. Findings support a conceptual framework of dyadic HIV care that highlights the impacts of dyadic and individual factors on coordination of care and treatment to influence retention and adherence. The generalizability of study findings is limited by the small sample size. Implications for intervention design include leveraging drivers of partner support, including couples' resilience, in enhancing joint problem-solving in HIV care among black gay couples.
The speed profile evaluation method in the vehicle operation

In this paper the authors present new approach to testing procedure for light vehicles which involves a better characteristics describing parameters. This method will allow one to obtain better correlation between the real output measurements and theoretical inputs used in the modelling. The new vehicle testing procedure, the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) was introduced in 2017, whose purpose was to better emulate the vehicle natural operation, than the previously used test - the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). It is our belief, that in the NEDC, the speed profile test might have been created for convenience of a study rather than a model for describing the real operations parameters. The differences in the outputs between the laboratory testing and real outputs convinced the experts to review the procedures and to implement some changes in the WLTP test procedures. These changes resulted in improved randomized speed profiles of various vehicles, which also attempt including driving habits of the drivers. However, there cannot be created universal profile for every case, therefore the differences between theoretical and the real one should be noticed. As a result, we were able to create a model and an instrument which can indicate the differences between the real conditions and theoretical ones. It is our goal that the correcting factors should take care of differences in the evaluation methods of different studies.
Self-Efficacy and Adherence Behaviors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease that requires patient self-management with chronic medications. Adherence rates for RA medications are suboptimal. This study explores medication adherence and self-efficacy behaviors among RA patients. Methods We conducted a qualitative study comprising focus groups and individual interviews. Nineteen participants were recruited and screened to participate in three 90-minute focus groups (n = 13) and six 60-minute individual interviews. We created and maintained a codebook to analyze data. Interviews were analyzed by using NViVo qualitative analysis software. Results Key points in participant interviews were 1) self-efficacy as influenced by the ability to establish routines, and having an understanding relationship with their healthcare provider; 2) self-efficacy to adjust medications depended on having permission from providers to adjust medications, perceptions of the effectiveness of medications, and confidence in self-knowledge to make appropriate adjustments; and 3) changes in self-efficacy over time were influenced by initial denial and later acceptance of the diagnosis. Participant interviews revealed that medication adherence is a spectrum that ranges from adherent to nonadherent. Conclusion Participants’ experience with RA medications revealed varied underlying reasons for adherence behaviors. Recognizing adherence as a dynamic behavior has important implications for how adherence interventions are designed. For example, participants reported adjusting medications in response to the unpredictable nature of RA. Interventions could collect information about RA symptoms and be tailored to provide adherence support at times when patients need it most. The importance of self-efficacy in influencing participants’ adherence behaviors is an area for continuing research among patients and providers.
Comparative study on effect of natural and synthetic superdisintegrants in the formulation of orodispersible tablets

Now-a-days, Orodispersible drug delivery systems are extensively used to improve bioavailability and patient compliance. Over the past three decades, Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules due to better patient compliance, improved solubility and stability profiles. ODTs are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. New ODT technologies address many pharmaceutical and patient needs, ranging from enhanced life-cycle management to convenient dosing for paediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. The therapeutic activity of these formulations is obtained through a typical manner like disintegration followed by dissolution. Hence disintegration has major role for facilitating drug activity. In recent years, several newer agents have been developed known as superdisintegrants. The objective of the present article is to highlight the various kinds of superdisintegrants (Natural & Synthetic) along with their role in tablet disintegration and drug release, which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient compliance. Keywords: ODTs, Orodispersible tablets, Disintegrants, Superdisintegrants, Natural, and Synthetic.
Drosophila Ror is a nervous system-specific co-receptor for Wnt ligands

ABSTRACT Wnt ligands are secreted glycoproteins that control many developmental processes and are crucial for homeostasis of numerous tissues in the adult organism. Signal transduction of Wnts involves the binding of Wnts to receptor complexes at the surface of target cells. These receptor complexes are commonly formed between a member of the Frizzled family of seven-pass transmembrane proteins and a co-receptor, which is usually a single-pass transmembrane protein. Among these co-receptors are several with structural homology to receptor tyrosine kinases, including Ror, PTK7, Ryk and MUSK. In vertebrates, Ror-2 and PTK7 are important regulators of planar cell polarity (PCP). By contrast, PCP phenotypes were not reported for mutations in off-track (otk) and off-track2 (otk2), encoding the Drosophila orthologs of PTK7. Here we show that Drosophila Ror is expressed in the nervous system and localizes to the plasma membrane of perikarya and neurites. A null allele of Ror is homozygous viable and fertile, does not display PCP phenotypes and interacts genetically with mutations in otk and otk2. We show that Ror binds specifically to Wingless (Wg), Wnt4 and Wnt5 and also to Frizzled2 (Fz2) and Otk. Our findings establish Drosophila Ror as a Wnt co-receptor expressed in the nervous system. Summary: Drosophila Ror is a Wnt co-receptor expressed in the nervous system. A Ror null mutant allele is viable and shows genetic interaction with mutations in off-track and off-track2.
Objective Understanding of Front-of-Package Nutrition Labels: An International Comparative Experimental Study across 12 Countries

Front-of-Package labels (FoPLs) are efficient tools for increasing consumers’ awareness of foods’ nutritional quality and encouraging healthier choices. A label’s design is likely to influence its effectiveness; however, few studies have compared the ability of different FoPLs to facilitate a consumer understanding of foods’ nutritional quality, especially across sociocultural contexts. This study aimed to assess consumers’ ability to understand five FoPLs [Health Star Rating system (HSR), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes (RIs), and Warning symbol] in 12 different countries. In 2018, approximately 1000 participants per country were recruited and asked to rank three sets of label-free products (one set of three pizzas, one set of three cakes, and one set of three breakfast cereals) according to their nutritional quality, via an online survey. Participants were subsequently randomised to one of five FoPL conditions and were again asked to rank the same sets of products, this time with a FoPL displayed on pack. Changes in a participants’ ability to correctly rank products across the two tasks were assessed by FoPL using ordinal logistic regression. In all 12 countries and for all three food categories, the Nutri-Score performed best, followed by the MTL, HSR, Warning symbol, and RIs.
Caring for Critically Ill Patients with the ABCDEF Bundle: Results of the ICU Liberation Collaborative in Over 15,000 Adults

Objective: Decades-old, common ICU practices including deep sedation, immobilization, and limited family access are being challenged. We endeavoured to evaluate the relationship between ABCDEF bundle performance and patient-centered outcomes in critical care. Design: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study from a national quality improvement collaborative. Setting: 68 academic, community, and federal ICUs collected data during a 20-month period. Patients: 15,226 adults with at least one ICU day. Interventions: We defined ABCDEF bundle performance (our main exposure) in two ways: 1) complete performance (patient received every eligible bundle element on any given day) and 2) proportional performance (percentage of eligible bundle elements performed on any given day). We explored the association between complete and proportional ABCDEF bundle performance and three sets of outcomes: patient-related (mortality, ICU and hospital discharge), symptom-related (mechanical ventilation, coma, delirium, pain, restraint use), and system-related (ICU readmission, discharge destination). All models were adjusted for a minimum of 18 a priori determined potential confounders. Measurements and Results: Complete ABCDEF bundle performance was associated with lower likelihood of seven outcomes: hospital death within 7 days (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.32; CI, 0.17–0.62), next-day mechanical ventilation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.28; CI, 0.22–0.36), coma (AOR, 0.35; CI, 0.22–0.56), delirium (AOR, 0.60; CI, 0.49–0.72), physical restraint use (AOR, 0.37; CI, 0.30–0.46), ICU readmission (AOR, 0.54; CI, 0.37–0.79), and discharge to a facility other than home (AOR, 0.64; CI, 0.51–0.80). There was a consistent dose-response relationship between higher proportional bundle performance and improvements in each of the above-mentioned clinical outcomes (all p < 0.002). Significant pain was more frequently reported as bundle performance proportionally increased (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: ABCDEF bundle performance showed significant and clinically meaningful improvements in outcomes including survival, mechanical ventilation use, coma, delirium, restraint-free care, ICU readmissions, and post-ICU discharge disposition.
Toxic Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Brainstem Nicotinic Receptor Expression: Primary Cause of Sudden Unexplained Perinatal Death

Among the neurotoxicants contained in tobacco smoke, if absorbed during pregnancy, nicotine significantly affects α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which play essential roles in the development of the brainstem regions receiving cholinergic projections in perinatal life. Immunohistochemical procedures for analysing formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brainstem samples from 68 fetuses and early newborns, with smoking and non-smoking mothers, who died of known and unknown causes, were carried out in order to determine if nicotine had activated the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. High α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression levels were only observed in the victims with smoking mothers. Frequently, these findings were associated with the hypoplasia of the brainstem structures controlling vital functions. The results of this study indicate that the exposition to nicotine in pregnancy exerts a strong direct effect on α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity especially in perinatal life and may be one of the primary risk factors leading to the sudden unexplained death of fetuses and newborns.
Behçet’s disease: An immunogenetic perspective

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic and rare multisystemic disorder defined by autoimmunity and inflammatory characteristics, manifested by ocular lesions, recurrent genital and oral ulcers, skin symptoms and arthritis as well as neurological, intestinal, and vascular involvement. Despite the unknown cause of BD, there is some strong documentation for immunological, genetic, environmental, and infectious factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of BD. While the nature of the genetic variants remains unidentified, many genetic risk factors are considered to contribute to BD susceptibility. Along with human leukocyte antigen gene encoding B*51 (HLA‐B*51) and areas including the major histocompatibility complex class I, genome‐wide association studies have recognized numerous other BD susceptibility genes including those encoding interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐12 receptor β 2 (IL‐12RB2), IL‐23 receptor (IL‐23R), C‐C chemokine receptor 1 gene, signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP1), and genes encoding killer cell lectin‐like receptor family members (KLRC4‐KLRK1). It is believed that BD could be considered as a disorder lying in between autoimmune and autoinflammatory syndromes. The positive responses to classical immunosuppressive agents like azathioprine and cyclosporine and involvement of autoantigens in the initiation of the disorder are the main BD features that reflect the autoimmune nature of the disorder. In this review, we address recent findings on the role of common cytokines, antibodies and immunogenetic factors in BD.
A High-Gain Dual-Polarized Antenna

A differentially-driven dual-polarized high-gain stacked patch antenna is presented in this paper. Three-layer stacked patches are adopted to increase the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Each of the three stacked patches are inserted with four shorting posts for enhancing the antenna gain. A wide band and a high isolation can be realized. Moreover, the antenna possesses the gain of as high as 11 dBi by the proposed design mechanism.
Effect of Tilted Magnetic Anisotropy on the Deterministic Current-Induced Magnetization Reversal in Quasi-Perpendicularly Magnetized Ta/Pt/CoFeB/Pt Multilayers

Deterministic current-induced magnetization reversal is observed in quasi-perpendicularly magnetized Ta/Pt/CoFeB/Pt multilayer thin films without the assistance of an in-plane field. In a quasi-perpendicularly magnetized system, the anisotropy is tilted slightly away from the normal to the film plane. This tilt in the anisotropy is obtained by growing the films in an oblique-angle sputter deposition technique, which results in a gradient in the thickness of the layers. To estimate the tilt, out-of-plane hysteresis loop measurements are performed in the presence of an in-plane bias field. The effect of the tilt is reflected in the shift in the hysteresis loop. A measurement of this shift at different relative azimuthal orientations of the in-plane projection of the tilt direction with respect to the in-plane bias field direction gives a tilt of 0.74° (±0.06°) in Ta(3 nm)Pt(3 nm)CoFeB(0.5 nm)Pt(1 nm) with all the layers having a thickness gradient. In addition, field-induced domain wall velocity measurements in the creep regime on Ta(3 nm)Pt(3 nm)CoFeB(0.5 nm)Pt(1 nm) thin film with a thickness gradient only in CoFeB layer give an elliptical profile for the domain wall. In the current-induced magnetization reversal studies, threshold current density of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.06 \times 10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Am<sup>−2</sup> is required to deterministically switch the device fabricated from Ta(3 nm)Pt(3 nm)CoFeB(0.5 nm)Pt(1 nm) thin film with all the layers having a thickness gradient. On application of in-plane bias, there is a shift in the threshold current densities given by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.6 \times 10^{8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Am<sup>−2</sup> of in-plane bias field.