Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete chloroplast genomes of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nonphotosynthetic mutants CC-1375, CC-373, CC-4199, CC-2359 and CC-1051

Abstract The chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) of five Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nonphotosynthetic mutants were sequenced. The architecture, gene content, and synteny of the cpDNAs from the five mutants are identical to the C. reinhardtii ‘wild-type’ plastome. A small number of differences at sequence level between coding regions of the reference genome and the cpDNAs of the mutants were detected. The vast majority of the sequence differences were synonymous and likely due to nucleotide substitutions preceding the generation of the mutant strains, but not caused by the erosion of the cpDNA following the loss of photosynthesis.
Characterization of memory cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses in chronic hiv-1 infected individuals

The three stages of untreated human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are acute HIV infection, chronic HIV infection, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is effective in treating chronic HIV infection but fails to completely clear the virus. Mutations in HIV epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) could be a major contributing factor because they result in T cell mediated immune responses with limited effectiveness. In the absence of cART, it is the viral evolution within an individual during the course of infection under the pressure of host immune response that allows the virus to persist. To better understand viral pathogenesis and develop an effective HIV treatment, it is important to identify and characterize the evolution of mutations occurring within HIV CTL epitopes. Here I mapped the evolution of HIV CTL epitopes in chronically infected HIV-1 donors. Specifically, I fist 1) identified memory HIV CTL epitopes to HIV gag antigens p17/p24 from contemporaneous viral isolates obtained from long term HIV infected individuals and then 2) compared CTL responses to epitope sequences from the early stages of infection versus sequences after over 10 years of treatment and viral evolution. Using MHC class-1 binding predictive algorithm, the viral mutation was found to exhibit an unexpected pattern, that the reservoir variants has a higher binding affinity than its founder variant. Making use of an IFN- ELISpot Assay, the fact that the MHC class-1 binding affinity does not equal to the actual elicited CTL response has been noticed. Overall, this study has a significance in public health as it provided important information on the ability of HIV to escape CD8+ T lymphocyte detection and potentially contribute to the cure of the disease.
What Do We Know About Toxigenic, Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria at the Beginning of The 21st Century?

Cyanobacteria are microscopic, prokaryotic organisms capable of mass development in aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacterial blooms, observed often in various fresh and brackish waters, are growing global problem due to the eutrophication process and climate changes. Different cyanobacterial species may produce wide range of various biologically active secondary metabolites, which may be harmful to aquatic organisms, animals and humans. Microcystins (MCs) are the most known and frequently studied cyanobacterial compounds classified to cyanotoxins. But cyanobacteria are producers of several hundred of other toxins (e.g. nodularins, cylindrospermopsins, anatoxins, saxitoxins), and potentially harmful substances (e.g. oligopeptides other than MCs). In this paper, the present knowledge about cyanobacterial blooms, toxins and other metabolites is shown concisely with references to the latest review reports broadly describing the issues discussed. Human health risks caused by cyanobacteria is also presented.
Fitness Cost in Laboratory Selected Strain of the Potential Mosquito Vector of West Nile Virus (Culex Pipiens) Associated with Resistance to the Insecticide Temephos

The fitness cost associated with resistance genes was investigated on mosquito’s viability. We studied four fitness parameters in a laboratory-selected strain of Culex pipiens associated with resistance to the insecticide temephos. S-Lab was the susceptible strain used for comparison. Two genes are involved in resistance to organophosphate (OP) insecticides: Ace-1 and Ester. After 5 generations of pressure, the temephos resistance ratio increased to 60.51 at RR95, exhibited a deficiency in the following two parameters: female fecundity (χ2=infini; dl=1; P<<0.05) and mortality rate (P<<0.05). Characterizations of resistance mechanisms indicate that resistance Ace-1 alleles coding for a modified acetylcholinesterase were associated with a higher mortality rate and lower fecundity. Several previous studies were used to compare and discuss our results. To cite this article [Tabbabi, A. , & Ben Cheikh, H. (2017). Fitness Cost in Laboratory Selected Strain of the Potential Mosquito Vector of West Nile Virus (Culex pipiens) Associated with Resistance to the Insecticide Temephos. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 3(5), 10-15]. (P-ISSN 24129763) (e-ISSN 2412-8937). www.jomenas. org. 3
Analisis Persepsi Konsumen terhadap Word Of Mouth Produk Skincare pada Youtube

Sosial media menjadi salah satu platform bertukar informasi yang sangat mempermudah konsumen untuk mencari dan berbagi informasi terkait produk yang dibutuhkan. Hal ini membuat perusahaan harus paham bagaimana menyajikan informasi yang bermanfaat dan disukai konsumen agar mempermudah proses adopsi yang berperan penting dalam menentukan minat beli konsumen. Akan tetapi, kemudahan dalam berbagi informasi ini juga menjadi masalah bagi perusahaan karena banyak informasi yang salah terkait produk sehingga konsumen ragu terhadap produk Hal ini menuntut perusahaan harus menyediakan informasi yang dapat membantu konsumen memahami produk yang mereka tawarkan. Penelitian ini melakukan analisis penerimaan informasi konsumen terkait produk skincare dengan menggunakan model awal dari Erkan dan Evans. Penelitian ini melakukan pengumpulan data dengan menyebarkan data kepada 273 responden yang menggunakan YouTube sebagai sumber informasi mereka sebelum membeli produk. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas, kuantitas,kredibilitas dan kebutuhan akan informasi merupakan faktor penting dalam membangun informasi yang bermanfaat dan disukai audien.
Protective potentials of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats

The liver is an important organ performing vital roles that become affected when damaged. The protective potential of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in female albino rats was investigated. Forty female rats were completely randomized into eight groups (A-H) of five rats each. Group A (control), received 1 ml of distilled water, group B (untreated) received 250 mgkg bw of acetaminophen, group C received silymarin (50 mgkg bw) followed by actaminophen (250 mgkg bw), groups D-G received 100, 200, 400 and 600 mgkg bw of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves respectively; followed by acetaminophen administration (250 mgkg bw), while group H (toxicity control) received 600 mgkg bw extract fraction daily. Ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and bilirubin concentration and increased the concentrations of total protein and albumin in acetaminophen-induced liver damaged rats when compared with the untreated group. Prevention of liver damage was observed in the groups pre-administered 400 and 600 mgkg bw of the extract fraction as well as the silymarin group. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the concentration of glutathione were significantly (p<0.05) increased while the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in rats pre-administered with silymarin or the extract fraction when compared with the acetaminophen-induced rats. Ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves prevented acetaminophen-induced rat liver damage probably mainly due to the antioxidant constituents of the fraction.
The promotion of positive mental health for new mothers during Covid-19

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has caused increased hardship for new mothers and their young children. Increased isolation, lack of in-person doctor visits and decreased interaction within the community, has pregnant and postpartum women in need of additional support. Occupational therapists often work with infants and their mothers due to feeding concerns. Difficulty with early feeding adds additional stress on the mother–infant dyad relationship. This case study describes a mother’s traumatic experience giving birth during Covid-19 and the occupational therapy intervention provided to the mother–infant dyad. In order to improve outcomes for the mother and child with feeding concerns, this case study is a call to action for paediatric occupational therapy practitioners to include the promotion of positive mental health of mothers in their practice, particularly during the pandemic.
Sustainable Digitalization in Public Institutions: Challenges for Human Rights

The modern world is bound not only by global flows of information, capital, services, and movement of goods and people but also by the wide range of opportunities to exert both positive and negative effects on these flows. Already, most of the aforementioned global flows, stationary and variable objects are protected (organized, coordinated, controlled) by digital technology and in the foreseeable future digitization will encompass the most diverse aspects and processes of existence. Access to the development, deployment, management and use of relevant digital technologies has expanded to such an extent that it has become virtually difficult and even impossible to provide timely protection against a wide range of actors, ranging from unauthorized specialized gathering to varying degrees of security. The development of information technology, which increasingly embraces various aspects of the existence of different security entities, calls for a new rethink of the philosophical - ideological, political, economic, social and cultural foundations of public security. In recent decades human rights have dominated in the discourse of legal and political systems. Now the balance between protection of human rights and public safety in the context of digitalization imposes necessity to reflect the concept of fundamental rights once again. Keywords: Sustainable digitalization, public and private security, human rights
Which results of the standard test for community‐weighted mean approach are too optimistic?

Co-ordinating Editor: Ingolf Kühn Abstract Aims: The communityweighted mean (CWM) approach is used to analyse the relationship between species attributes (traits, Ellenbergtype indicator values) and sample attributes (environmental variables, richness) via the community matrix. It has recently been shown to suffer from inflated Type I error rate if tested by a standard test and the results of many published studies are probably affected. I review the current knowledge about this problem, and clarify which studies are likely affected and by how much. Methods: I suggest classifying hypotheses commonly tested by CWM approach into three categories, which differ in the formulation of the null hypothesis. I use simulated and real data to show how the Type I error rate of the standard test is affected by data characteristics. Results: The CWM approach with the standard test returns a correct Type I error rate for hypotheses assuming a link between species attributes and composition (Category A). However, for hypotheses assuming a link between composition and sample attributes (Category B) or not assuming any link (Category C), the standard test is inflated, and alternative tests are needed to control for this. The inflation of standard tests for Category C is negatively related to the compositional βdiversity, and positively to the strength of the composition–sample attributes relationship and data set sample size. These results apply to CWM analyses with extrinsic sample attributes (not derived from the compositional matrix). CWM analysis with intrinsic sample attributes (derived from the composition, such as species richness) is a case of spurious correlation and can be tested using a columnbased (modified) permutation test. Conclusions: The concept of three hypothesis categories offers a simple tool to evaluate which hypothesis has been tested and whether the results have correct or inflated Type I error rate. In the case of inflated results, the level of inflation can be estimated from the data characteristics.
The Binding mechanism of anthocyanins from sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L) skins to bovine β-lactoglobulin: A fluorescence and in silico-based approach

ABSTRACT Fluorescence spectroscopy and computational methods were used to study the interaction between anthocyanins from sour cherries extract and bovine β-lactoglobulin. The experimental tests indicated that the number of binding sites was lower than 1, suggesting weak binding of anthocyanins by β-lactoglobulin, most probably as the result of the multitude of compounds present in the extract. Intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence experiments have highlighted blue- and red-shifts in maximum emission. In agreement with the fluorescence spectroscopy findings, the in silico results suggested better affinity of the protein preliminary treated at high temperature for the anthocyanin. The molecular docking tests performed using the cyanidin 3-rutinoside as the ligand, one of the major components of anthocyanin extract indicated that the driving forces leading to complex formation mainly involve diamino and nonpolar neutral amino acids on the surface of the protein. The stability of the complex appeared to be mainly ensured by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
Freedom to feel: A
 self‐determination
 theory account of emotion regulation

Correspondence Moti Benita, Department of Education, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel. Email: benita@bgu.ac. il Abstract Self-determination theory (SDT) draws upon an organismic metatheory and suggests psychological growth occurs as an integrative process in which people assimilate and integrate experiences. As emotions play an important role in this process, researchers have recently espoused SDT as a basis for exploring emotion regulatory processes. This review summarizes this line of research and suggests how to integrate SDT with the dominant views of emotion regulation. Recent theory and research on emotion regulation situate this process within the domain of motivation research. As SDT has emerged as a prominent motivation theory, this review suggests SDT can provide important insights into emotion regulation research by highlighting the concept of autonomy. SDT is thus posited as a promising framework to study emotion regulation processes, as it explains how these processes enable people to grow psychologically and develop a coherent sense of self.
Feeding value of de-hulled sunflower seed meal for broilers

The effects of de-hulled sunflower seed meal (SFM) samples with different crude protein (CP) and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content on apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME metabolizability (EM) and pre-caecal protein digestibility (pcPD) were examined. The birds were fed one of four mash diets. On a per kilogram basis, the basal diet (BD) contained as major ingredients 549.5 g wheat, 150 g soybean meal and 175 g full fat soybean meal as well as 215.4 g crude protein kg–1 and 12.81 MJ AME kg–1. Another three diets containing 200 g kg–1 of each of three experimental SFM samples in place of the BD were also mixed. Each diet was fed to birds in ten pens with two male Ross 308 broilers ranging in age from 8 to 21 days. Dietary AME was determined from excreta collection between days 17 and 21, while AME, EM and pcPD were determined when the birds were 21 days old. The substitutional method was used to determine AME, EM and pcPD in the SFM samples. The SFM samples high in NSP had lower AME (P = 0.001), EM (P < 0.001) and pcPD (P = 0.005). The beneficial effect of carrying out a further de-hulling of SFM seems to be mediated through reduced NSP content and improved energy and protein bioavailability.
Comparison of cockroach fungal contamination in the clinical and non-clinical environments from Iran

Cockroaches have been associated with human environments threatening human health. A cross-sectional study about cockroach fungal contamination in the hospital, restaurant and household environments from Khorramabad, Lorestan province of Iran between August 2015 and March 2016 was done. Sampling was uniformly carried out monthly from the randomly selected sites. Fungi were isolated from the external surfaces of cockroaches using standard method. Periplaneta americana (66.7%) was found the most infested cockroach, less percentage were observed in Blattella germanica (18.6%) and Blatta orientalis (14.7%). Hospitals (66.7%) were found the most infested places in comparison with households (18.6%) and restaurants (14.7%). Households (64.3%) were found the most cockroach fungal contaminated places than hospitals (49.0%) and restaurants (59.1%). The highest and the lowest infestation of cockroaches were observed in January (30.0%) and March (7.0%) respectively, while the highest and the lowest cockroach fungal contamination were observed in November (73.3%) and March (14.3%). B. germanica (60.7%) was the most fungal contaminated cockroach. Candida , Geotrichum and Penicillium were the most frequent cockroach fungal contaminating genera. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between cockroach infestation places (P=0.022), locality (P=0.03), and monthly (P=0.0001) cockroach fungal contamination, respectively. As a conclusion, the highest cockroach fungal contamination was observed in B. germanica, followed by P. americana and B. orientalis. Some human fungal opportunistic pathogens were also found among the fungal contaminated cockroaches. Recent epidemiological survey showed that the mortality rates of the infective diseases were increased, indicating cockroaches involved in their transferring.
Active Sidewall Panels with Virtual Microphones for Aircraft Interior Noise Reduction

This work deals with the reduction of aircraft interior noise using active sidewall panels (linings). Research work done in the past showed that considerable reductions of the sound pressure level (SPL) in the cabin are possible using structural actuators mounted on the lining and error microphones distributed in front of the linings. However, microphones are undesirable for error sensing because they are not suitable for the realisation of an integrated and autonomous active lining (smart lining module). Therefore, the goal of the present work is the replacement of the microphones by structural sensors. Using the structural sensors as remote sensors in combination with an acoustic filter, virtual microphones can be defined. The present study relies on experimental data of a double-walled fuselage system which is mounted in a sound transmission loss facility. Simulation results based on measured time data and identified frequency response functions are provided. Different configurations of virtual microphones are investigated regarding the SPL reduction and the induced vibration of the lining panel.
Teak & Lead: Making Borders, Resources, and Territory in Colonial Burma

ABSTRACT Through a comparative historical analysis of two sites on Myanmar’s borders with China and Thailand, this article explores how natural resources affected border-making in Zomia. Firstly, the article argues that demand for natural resources drove lowland states’ territorialisation of the highlands in the late nineteenth century, including their desire to demarcate borders. Secondly, local actors chose different political strategies in response to lowland state penetration. Some chose to attempt to repel lowland states, others to avoid them. The type of natural resources available (‘lootable’ versus ‘unlootable’ resources) enhanced or diminished the effectiveness of the political tactics chosen by local actors. Thirdly, the article explores whether local politics or the ‘knowability’ of natural resources determined the differential success of border-making in the region. This attention to natural resources can deepen histories of ‘state-escaping’ highland peoples. This also has implications for the question of human agency and environmental determinism in Zomia, a question which is often implicit but unaddressed when scholars use the concept of the ‘friction of terrain’. In the context of accelerating climate change and the global spread of pathogens, understanding the potential for agency of non-human objects is more important than ever. Drawing on archival materials from the Myanmar National Archives, India Office Records, and the British Library, this study gives insights into both the politics of this region today, and how natural resources affected border-making at the margins of states.
Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) do not abandon their chosen nest site in response to a single visit by a nest predator

ABSTRACT We investigated whether visual cues of a nest predator at the nest site prior to the completion of nest building would induce Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) to abandon their nesting attempt and switch to another box 10 m away. Upon detecting the onset of nest building in one of the paired boxes, we presented the birds with either a visual predator cue (a rubber black rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus) or a visual control cue (a model Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) on the active nest box for 15 min and recorded the responses of the resident pair of bluebirds. We returned 1 week later to determine whether the presentation of the snake or cardinal resulted in no change, a switch to the other box, or abandonment of the box pair. Although the bluebirds seemed to respond more negatively to the model snake, we found no significant difference in their propensity to abandon the box pair (vs. remain in one of the paired boxes). We found a similar majority of bluebirds continued to nest in the same box (vs. abandon the effort) in both treatments. Even when we restricted our analysis to the box pair, we found no difference in the propensity to stay vs. switch. Although a larger proportion of bluebirds responded to the snake vs. cardinal model with mobbing, the difference did not reach significance. Bluebirds that mobbed the model were no more likely to abandon the box pair than those that did not mob the model. Although more mobbers abandoned their nest start than did non-mobbers, this difference was not significant. We conclude that the costs of finding a new nest cavity and the close proximity of the boxes provided limited the options of these secondary cavity nesters, even those that engaged in mobbing.
The Tourism Sector and U.S. Regional Macroeconomic Stability: A Network Approach

This study investigates how the structural mix of USA regional economies affects their volatility of economic growth. Four exogenous sectors are chosen for this investigation: Federal Government, construction, manufacturing, and tourism. Perhaps unsurprisingly, evidence suggests that a larger share of Federal Government employment in an economy reduces the variability of overall employment growth, while a larger share of construction activity elevates it. More telling is a finding that, recently, manufacturing has not contributed as much to such variability, and that a larger tourism presence increases it. The increasing integration of technology in tourism offers significant opportunities for a network approach and innovation in regional development.