Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of clinically active antineoplastic drugs in a surgical‐adjuvant chemotherapy treatment regimen using the lewis lung (LL) carcinoma

Surgical‐adjuvant chemotherapy studies were done with BDF1 mice bearing Lewis Lung (LL) carcinoma implanted intramuscularly (IM). Ten days (D10) after implantation, the tumor‐bearing leg was surgically amputated, and intraperitoneal (IP) drug treatment was started either 3 or 5 days after surgery using single‐dose therapy or intermittent treatment given every 4 days for three doses or daily treatment for five doses. The percentage increase in life span (%ILS) was used as the primary measure for evaluation. Data for 17 clinically active drugs showed that surgical‐adjuvant, single‐agent chemotherapy was markedly effective (%ILS>100) in prolonging the life span of tumor‐bearing animals given BCNU, MeCCNU, and cytoxan; moderate activity (%ILS, 40–100) was obtained with bleomycin and vincristine, and marginal activity (%ILS, 35–40) was observed with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), hexamethylmelamine (HMM), procarbazine, and dibromodulcitol. Surgical‐adjuvant, two‐drug‐combination chemotherapy treatment with bleomycin plus MeCCNU or cis‐platinum [cis‐PT(II)] plus CCNU were more effective than single‐drug chemotherapy in prolonging the life span of tumor‐bearing animals. When used in a surgical‐adjuvant chemotherapy‐treatment schedule, the solid tumor model was found to be sensitive to certain antineoplastic drugs that are of clinical benefit in the treatment of human lung cancer. Thus, the model is potentially useful in the search for newer single agents and combinations of drugs against cancers.
Early Detection of Lung Disease and Its Association with the Nutritional Status, Genetic Background and Life Events in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Progression of lung disease is the most prominent cause of morbidity and death in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but the severity of lung disease and the rate of lung function decline are highly variable. An attempt was made to define accurate estimates of disease progression in these patients early diagnosed and prospectively evaluated until 10 years of age. The primary question to ask was whether functional abnormalities detected already in infancy are associated with functional derangements later on in life, and may be useful as parameters of prognostic value. Early diagnosis of CF can best be achieved by screening of mutation by new techniques (buccal cell brushing) in infants, even when the sweat test or accurate blood sampling is not available. Moreover, in infants lung function can be assessed by infant whole-body plethysmography enabling the study of the interrelationship with delayed weight gain and growth retardation, as well as the associations with the most common disease-causing mutations. Out of a cohort of 80 infants (39 males, 41 females) with CF a follow-up study was started with 50 CF infants diagnosed during infancy (mean age 4.6 ± 4.0 months; range 0.1–12.7 months) and prospectively evaluated at 6-month intervals during the first 2 years of life. Moreover, in 32 CF children out of this cohort, follow-up was continued until 10 years of age. Differences were encountered with respect to the different events occurring during the first years of life, especially the onset of chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The association between infant lung function and specific mutations (ΔF508 homozygotes, frameshift ΔF508/3905insT compound heterozygotes and nonsense ΔF508/R553X compound heterozygotes) furthermore revealed that differences in lung function within the genetic groups are mainly related to the degree of pulmonary hyperinflation. Pulmonary hyperinflation was also associated with the degree of impaired nutritional status. An association between impaired gas exchange characteristics at 10 years of age and the degree of pulmonary hyperinflation during infancy finally demonstrates that by early mutation screening, lung function testing and assessment of the nutritional status predictors of disease progression later on in life can be defined. Therefore, preventive therapeutic measures should primarily be based on such prognostic factors.
Linear Convergence of Descent Methods for the Unconstrained Minimization of Restricted Strongly Convex Functions

Linear convergence rates of descent methods for unconstrained minimization are usually proved under the assumption that the objective function is strongly convex. Recently it was shown that the weaker assumption of restricted strong convexity suffices for linear convergence of the ordinary gradient descent method. A decisive difference to strong convexity is that the set of minimizers of a restricted strongly convex function need be neither a singleton nor bounded. In this paper we extend the linear convergence results under this weaker assumption to a larger class of descent methods including restarted nonlinear CG, BFGS, and its damped limited memory variants, L-D-BFGS. For twice continuously differentiable objective functions we even obtain r-step superlinear convergence for the CG_DESCENT conjugate gradient method of Hager and Zhang, where r is greater than or equal to the rank of the Hessian at a minimizer. This is remarkable since the Hessian of a restricted strongly convex function need not have fu.
Low-Profile Leaky Wave Electric Monopole Loop Antenna Using the $\beta=0$  Regime of a Ferrite-Loaded Open Waveguide

A novel low-profile leaky-wave electric monopole loop antenna in the regime of a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) ferrite-loaded open waveguide is presented. Despite its closed configuration, this structure supports a traveling-wave mode due to its non-reciprocity. Moreover, this mode exhibits an infinite wavelength in the regime, achieved at the transition frequency between the backward and forward CRLH bands, which leads to an electric monopole antenna field distribution when the loop is electrically small. The structure is analyzed theoretically and shown to admit, for a given loop width, different groups of discrete modes. The modes within each group converge to the unique mode of the straight waveguide when the radius of the loop becomes very large, as a consequence of the decreased curvature of the structure. A complete antenna, with a wire feed and a stub matching section, is demonstrated by both full-wave and experimental results. The omnidirectional azimuthal gain of the antenna is of -5 dBi with a co-to-cross polarization discrimination in excess of 20 dB. Removal of the ground plane would lead to a unique electric dipole loop antenna.
Education and Healthcare System Effects on Tooth Loss and Dementia Incidence in Later Life

To the Editor: Takeuchi and colleagues established the association between tooth loss and incidence of dementia according to dementia type in a prospective cohort study in Japan. Possible and plausible explanations of tooth loss were not associated with incidence of vascular dementia. Novel treatments for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and high cholesterol have been applied to more individuals trying to achieve their treatment goals. In developed countries such as the United States, these temporal trends have led to a significant decline in vascular complications such as heart attack and stroke, suggesting that there might be a spill-over benefit of a decline in vascular-related risk of dementia. Attainment of higher levels of education and lifelong education were associated with better self-care and access to health care, which could play a protective role in decreasing lifetime cardiovascular risk and related dementia risk. Some study designs and methods should be reconsidered before applying the findings to practice in older adults. The relatively short observation period of 5 years may have underestimated the incidence of dementia. In a similar study, the incidence of dementia in individuals with more residual teeth (≥16) during an 18-year observation period was 21,592 per 100,000 persons. This is almost four times as many as the 7,391 per 100,000 persons in individuals with more residual teeth (≥20 teeth) in the study of Takeuchi et al. In addition to the short observation period, the rate of exclusion and follow-up loss in Takeuchi and colleagues’ study was greater than 20% (440/1,996), which may also have influenced the results. The accuracy of cognitive assessment in in late life needs to be improved. Although the dementia criteria in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study were well chosen, the concordance rate was only 78%. A low diagnosis agreement rate (0.68) for vascular dementia should raise concern as to whether the findings of vascular dementia in this study could be validated. Elderly adults in Japan may have more access to dental care through the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (JMHW) under the Japanese universal healthcare delivery system. The JMHW initiated a nationwide dental care policy known as the “80–20” campaign in 1989, which encourages elderly adults to keep 20 or more of their teeth until they reach the age of 80. Access to dental care in late life may be more limited in the United States than in Japan. Because of the differences in the healthcare systems in each country, future studies should examine whether the findings from Takeuchi and colleauges could be replicated under the healthcare system of the country they wish to replicate the study in.
Acute liver allograft antibody‐mediated rejection: An inter‐institutional study of significant histopathological features

Acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) occurs in a small minority of sensitized liver transplant recipients. Although histopathological characteristics have been described, specific features that could be used (1) to make a generalizable scoring system and (2) to trigger a more in‐depth analysis are needed to screen for this rare but important finding. Toward this goal, we created training and validation cohorts of putative acute AMR and control cases from 3 high‐volume liver transplant programs; these cases were evaluated blindly by 4 independent transplant pathologists. Evaluations of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections were performed alone without knowledge of either serum donor‐specific human leukocyte antigen alloantibody (DSA) results or complement component 4d (C4d) stains. Routine histopathological features that strongly correlated with severe acute AMR included portal eosinophilia, portal vein endothelial cell hypertrophy, eosinophilic central venulitis, central venulitis severity, and cholestasis. Acute AMR inversely correlated with lymphocytic venulitis and lymphocytic portal inflammation. These and other characteristics were incorporated into models created from the training cohort alone. The final acute antibody‐mediated rejection score (aAMR score)—the sum of portal vein endothelial cell hypertrophy, portal eosinophilia, and eosinophilic venulitis divided by the sum of lymphocytic portal inflammation and lymphocytic venulitis—exhibited a strong correlation with severe acute AMR in the training cohort [odds ratio (OR) = 2.86, P < 0.001] and the validation cohort (OR = 2.49, P < 0.001). SPSS tree classification was used to select 2 cutoffs: one that optimized specificity at a score > 1.75 (sensitivity = 34%, specificity = 86%) and another that optimized sensitivity at a score > 1.0 (sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 71%). In conclusion, the routine histopathological features of the aAMR score can be used to screen patients for acute AMR via routine H&E staining of indication liver transplant biopsy samples; however, a definitive diagnosis requires substantiation by DSA testing, diffuse C4d staining, and the exclusion of other insults. Liver Transpl 20:1244‐1255, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.
The proliferative response of low‐density human cell cultures to tumor promoters and its relevance to carcinogenic mechanisms in vitro

The effects of the tumor promoter 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol‐13‐acetate, its analogues, and other tumor promoters, on the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts (SF) have been investigated. We have previously shown (Kopelovich and Bias, 1979), that TPA caused a biphasic (upward concave) dose effect in the cloning efficiency assay of normal and mutant human fibroblastic cell strains. Here we report that the biphasic dose response pattern, consisting of an inhibitory phase and a stimulatory phase, was shared by the active analogues of TPA, e.g., phorbol‐12, 13‐dibutyrate and phorbol‐12, 13‐dibenzoate. This biphasic dose effect relationship, however, was not seen with phorbol‐12, 13‐diacetate or the inactive analogues of TPA such as phorbol and 4‐O‐methyl‐12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol‐13‐acetate, nor was it seen with mezerein, teleocidin, or bile‐acid derivatives of humans. An analysis of the cloning efficiency data by the median‐effect equation (Chou and Talalay, 1981) showed that in low‐density cultures both the inhibitory phase and the stimulatory phase of the dose‐effect relationships of TPA, its analogues, mezerein, and teleocidin exhibited a linear median‐effect plot and thus closely followed the basic mass‐action principle. The median‐effect plot of these data allowed quantitative determination of growth curve characteristic such as regression coefficient, slope (a measure of sigmoidicity), median‐effect concentrations such as I50 for the inhibitory effect, and A50 for the stimulatory effect (i.e., the relative potency of the analogues) and the transition point of the biphasic phenomenon in the case of the phorbol esters. In additon, we have demonstrated a relationship between the dose response effect of TPA on the proliferation of various human cells and tumor progression in vitro.
Long-Standing Retained Foreign Body in the Rectum

The variety of objects removed from the rectum almost defies imagination. History is always obscure and misleading, the rectum can accommodate almost anything and the variety of rectal foreign bodies matches the ingenuity displayed for their removal. Principles of management include proper location, transanal extraction whenever possible and laparotomy only as a last resort. Prognosis is usually good.
Subhypnotic doses of midazolam prevent nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.

BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of subhypnotic doses of midazolam and propofol for peripartum nausea and vomiting during regional anesthesia for elective cesarean section in order to prevent emesis in at least 50% of patients. METHODS A prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups to receive placebo (saline, N=28), propofol (20 mg bolus and 1.0 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) infusion, N=30), and midazolam (1 mg bolus and 1.0 mg x h(-1) infusion, N=30) at subhypnotic doses intravenously (i.v.) immediately after the umbilical cord was clamped. Bupivacaine hydrochloride (8-10 mg) and fentanyl (10 microg) were injected into the intervertebral space for spinal anesthesia. Blood pressure was monitored at 2 min intervals and intraoperative postdelivery emetic episodes and ephedrine consumption were recorded. The study was carried out at the Anesthesiology Department, Hacettepe University, Turkey, hospitalized care. We included 90 parturients with ASA physical status I and II between the ages of 20 and 38 years undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery to evaluate the efficacy of subhypnotic doses of propofol and midazolam and, in particular, the incidence of nausea, retching, and vomiting intraoperatively. RESULTS The incidence of nausea, retching, and vomiting was significantly higher in the control group, compared to the propofol and midazolam groups. Total ephedrine consumption was significantly higher in the control group compared to the propofol and midazolam groups. CONCLUSION A subhypnotic dose of midazolam (1 mg x h(-1)) was as effective as the subhypnotic dose of propofol (1 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
Consensus control for a class of second-order multi-agent systems: An iterative learning approach

This paper studies the distributed consensus control problem for a class of leader-follower multi-agent systems with double integrator dynamics by using an iterative learning approach. Consensus errors of individual agents are considered as the anticipation in time and a distributed iterative learning protocol for an undirected networks with a fixed topology is proposed to guarantee that the follower agents track the leader perfectly in finite time. The dynamic of the leader agent is assumed to be time-varying and its state information is available to only a portion of the followers. A sufficient condition is obtained for the consensus control problem of the multiagent system, and a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Efficacy of Feeding Treatments and Litter Formulations Against Shedding of Salmonella in Broilers

Efficacy of Feeding Treatments and Litter Formulations against Shedding of Salmonella in Broilers. (May 2009) Eryn Linnae Larrison, B.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Michael Davis Research has shown that Salmonella can be prevalent in poultry litter, which can be a source of contamination for newly arrived chicks at the poultry house. Since this organism is a pathogen of concern to the poultry industry, two types of litter amendments and two types of feed additions were created and tested to determine effects of broiler growth, litter moisture and efficacy against Salmonella colonization. Litter amendments consisted of the combination of acidic calcium sulfate (ACS) with either diatomaceous earth (DE) or hydrated sodium calcium aluminiosilicate (HSCAS). Feed additions consisted of differing amounts of sodium bisulfate. For the litter amendment experiments, chicks were placed into pens in isolation rooms. Each litter amendment was applied to 3 pens for replicates of experimental groups. Litter samples were taken weekly from 5 areas in each pen and combined for the determination of Salmonella cfu/g of litter. At 3 and 6 weeks post placement, birds from each pen were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation. The crop and ceca from these birds were tested for Salmonella cfu/g of crop/ceca or presence/absence of Salmonella.
A 0.6-2.5 GBaud CMOS tracked 3/spl times/ oversampling transceiver with dead-zone phase detection for robust clock/data recovery

Tracked 3/spl times/ oversampling with dead-zone phase detection is used in a receiver for robust clock/data recovery in the presence of excessive jitter and ISI. The transceiver, in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS, operates at 2.5 GBaud over 10 m 150 /spl Omega/ STP cable and at 1.25 GBaud over 25 m with <10/sup -13/ BER.
The desipramine‐induced growth hormone response and the dexamethasone suppression test in obsessive‐compulsive disorder

Ten patients with DSM‐III‐R obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) underwent the desipramine (DMI) growth hormone (GH) stimulation test as well as the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The results were compared with the responses in a group of matched healthy controls. The GH response to DMI did not differ between patients and controls and 9 of 10 patients showed cortisol suppression in response to dexamethasone. The data suggest that neither alpha2 adrenergic dysfunction nor DST non‐suppression are features of primary OCD.
Micropropagation of juvenile tissue of Eucalyptus erythronema × eucalyptus stricklandii cv. ‘urrbrae gem’

SummaryMicropropagation via enhanced axillary shoot proliferation was investigated in the ornamental Eucalyptus cv. ‘Urrbrae Gem’ using in vitro germinated seedlings and was successfully achieved using woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 2.2 μM benzylaminopurine, 1.0 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 1.5 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), gelled with 5 g l−1 Phytagel®. Shoot proliferation was greater on WPM and QL media with GA3 compared to B5, AP, and TK media with or without GA3. GA3 was required for shoot elongation as the internodes were otherwise very short and unsuitable for multiplication or root initiation. Root initiation was improved using (1/2) WPM supplemented with 20 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) over a 7 d pulse, followed by subculture to IBA-free medium, compared to placing shoots on low levels of IBA for 4–6 wk. Plantlets were successfully hardened off to the natural environment via a fogger at 67% relative, humidity at 21°C for 3 d and continued to thrive as potted plants. This is the first report of successful, micropropagation in an ornamental eucalypt (subgenus Symphyomyrtus) from seedling explants.
Language Recognition for Dialects and Closely Related Languages

This paper describes our development work to design a language recognition system that can discriminate closely related languages and dialects of the same language. The work was a joint effort by LIMSI and Vocapia Research in preparation for the NIST 2015 Language Recognition Evaluation (LRE). The language recognition system results from a fusion of four core classiﬁers: a phonotactic component using DNN acoustic models, two purely acoustic components using a RNN model and i-vector model, and a lexical component. Each component generates language posterior probabilities optimized to maximize the LID NCE, making their combination simple and robust. The motivation for using multiple components representing different speech knowledge is that some dialect distinctions may not be manifest at the acoustic level. We report experiments on the NIST LRE15 data and provide an analysis of the results and some post-evaluation contrasts. The 2015 LRE task focused on the identiﬁcation of 20 languages clustered in 6 groups (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Slavic and Iberic) of similar languages. Results are reported using the NIST Cavg metric which served as the primary metric for the OpenLRE15 evaluation. Results are also reported for the EER and the LER.
Selective stimulation of serotonin2C receptors blocks the enhancement of striatal and accumbal dopamine release induced by nicotine administration

The effects of acute and repeated nicotine administration on the extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) in the corpus striatum and the nucleus accumbens were studied in conscious, freely moving rats by in vivo microdialysis. Acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of nicotine (1 mg/kg) increased DA outflow both in the corpus striatum and the nucleus accumbens. Repeated daily injection of nicotine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days caused a significant increase in basal DA outflow both in the corpus striatum and the nucleus accumbens. Acute challenge with nicotine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) in animals treated repeatedly with this drug enhanced DA extracellular levels in both brain areas. However, the effect of nicotine was potentiated in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the corpus striatum. To test the hypothesis that stimulation of 5‐HT (5‐hydroxytryptamine, serotonin)2C receptors could affect nicotine‐induced DA release, the selective 5‐HT2C receptor agonist RO 60–0175 was used. Pretreatment with RO 60–0175 (1 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently prevented the enhancement in DA release elicited by acute nicotine in the corpus striatum, but was devoid of any significant effect in the nucleus accumbens. RO 60–0175 (1 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently reduced the stimulatory effect on striatal and accumbal DA release induced by an acute challenge with nicotine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats treated repeatedly with this alkaloid. However, only the effect of 3 mg/kg RO 60–0175 reached statistical significance. The inhibitory effect of RO 60–0175 on DA release induced by nicotine in the corpus striatum and the nucleus accumbens was completely prevented by SB 242084 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and SB 243213 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), two selective antagonists of 5‐HT2C receptors. It is concluded that selective activation of 5‐HT2C receptors can block the stimulatory action of nicotine on central DA function, an effect that might be relevant for the reported antiaddictive properties of RO 60–0175.