Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection of Salt Tolerant Somaclones for Development of Salt Stress Tolerant Varieties

The experiment were carried out at the farm of Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during 2011-2012 cropping season. The somaclones which were produced in vitro under salinity stress evaluated in the field and after 1st year evaluation those which showed better performance were selected for this experiment to select salinity tolerant line of sugarcane. Sugarcane varieties Isd 28, Isd 35, Isd 36, Isd 37 and Isd 38 were used for selection of salinity tolerant lines. As treatments, salt were used with MS medium for in vitro plantlet regeneration. The selected somaclones were evaluated in 1st and 2nd year and after 1st year evaluation better somaclones were also evaluated under induced salinity stress conditions using different levels of salt (50 mM, 100 mM & 150 mM). Molecular characterizations were also done with the setts of selected somaclones collected from R2 generation. At the highest level of salinity (150 mM) varieties Isd 35 and Isd 37 initiated callus. Under induced salinity stress SC3 of Isd 28, SC3 of Isd 35 and SC2, SC3 of Isd 37 showed better performance in PVC pipe. Those somaclones also performed better in morpho-physiological performance at field condition in two sequential years and also produced polymorphic bands when we characterized with SSR marker. So those lines should be considered as salinity tolerant lines for further study.
Foraging partitioning between giant petrels Macronectes spp. and its relationship with breeding population changes at Bird Island, South Georgia

We satellite-tracked the foraging trips of males and females of the 2 sibling species of giant petrels, Macronectes halli and M. giganteus, breeding sympatrically at Bird Island (South Georgia, Antarctica), during the incubation period (November-December). Size of the activity range in addition to speed and distance covered on foraging trips were similar between the species, but were lower for males than for females in both species. Sex-specific differences agree with previous observations on diets and on attendance at seal carcasses, suggesting that females mainly forage at sea, whereas males mainly scavenge on the coast. Overall, however, the foraging ecology of both species seems very similar. Interspecific and intersexual competition may be reduced by the limited overlap in the at-sea range, with southern giant petrels foraging further south than did northern giant petrels, and females further west than males, suggesting some spatial partitioning in foraging areas. Male northern giant petrels foraged almost exclusively on the South Georgia coast; their strong dependence during the brooding and chick-rearing period on Antarctic fur seals, whose population has increased exponentially in recent years, may be reflected in the recent population increase of northern giant petrels at South Georgia. Foraging areas of giant petrels overlapped extensively with longline fishery distribution, highlighting their susceptibility to being caught on longline hooks. Females were at higher risk during the study period since they made longer trips and foraged further west than males, into areas where local longline fisheries are more active.
International Economic Activities and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Evidence from Brazil and China

Increases in international economic integration can lead to greater specialization according to comparative advantage, but also to the diffusion of skill-biased technologies. In developing countries characterized by relative abundance of unskilled labor, these factors can have opposite effects on the relative demand for skilled labor. This paper investigates the impact of the use of imported inputs, exports and foreign direct investment on the demand for skilled workers of Brazilian and Chinese manufacturing plants. We find that while in Brazil increased levels of international integration are associated with an increased demand for skilled labor, the opposite is true in China.
Physical child abuse: What are the external factors?

Children are an integral asset for future development of a nation. In lieu with this notion, countries pay much attention to their development and well being. In recent times, child abuse has been rampant. This issue is constantly making headlines in national newspapers in Malaysia. The alarming effect of this phenomenon is its inevitable implication on the family institution and the nation’s aspiration to create a better tomorrow. This current study is an attempt to discover the contributory factors of physical child abuse in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to identify the background and demography of abuser and to identify the external factors that cause a parent to abuse their child. This case study was conducted in Selangor amongst eight Malay respondents using an in-depth interview session. This study found that external factors as the major contributory factor to physical child abuse. The factors are financial constraints, family crisis, character and disobedience of the children or so called ‘deviant children’, surroundings of the home, conflict with neighbours or lack of social support, parent’s mental illness and and influence of alcohol. Hence these factors are articulated and interpreted by the researcher. Implications of this research, profession who work with children such as social worker, psycologist and counselor should look into the external factors that contribute to the physical child abuse in designing intervention, cure and effective strategies to overcome this problem. In future, protecting children needs collective effort from policy maker, authority body, non-government organization and member of society.
Assisting the development of infants born prematurely using a self-regulation framework and relationship-based intervention process

Purpose: An intervention for improving the self-regulatory abilities of preterm babies over the first year at home is described and evaluated. Motor control was addressed as a significant aspect of regulatory competence. Parent concerns were addressed using video replay to establish parents’ interpretation of infant behaviour. Methods: LBW infants (< 32weeks; < 1500 gms) were randomly assigned into one of 4 blocks (control-intervention- control-intervention) along with a full term control group. Independent outcomes were conducted at 12 months. Results: Preterm intervention (N = 24) scored significantly higher ( p < .001) on Mental and Psychomotor Bayley Scales than preterm control infants (N = 22) though not as high as the full-term control group (N = 23). In motor development the largest gains were made by the most premature infants. The preterm intervention and full-term groups scored significantly higher on the HOME than the preterm control group ( p < .007). Conclusions: This model has implications for cost-effective practice by using key times for home visiting or community nursing to assist parents at home.
About the posterior distribution in hidden Markov models with unknown number of states

We consider finite state space stationary hidden Markov models (HMMs) in the situation where the number of hidden states is unknown. We provide a frequentist asymptotic evaluation of Bayesian analysis methods. Our main result gives posterior concentration rates for the marginal densities, that is for the density of a fixed number of consecutive observations. Using conditions on the prior, we are then able to define a consistent Bayesian estimator of the number of hidden states. It is known that the likelihood ratio test statistic for overfitted HMMs has a nonstandard behaviour and is unbounded. Our conditions on the prior may be seen as a way to penalize parameters to avoid this phenomenon. Inference of parameters is a much more difficult task than inference of marginal densities, we still provide a precise description of the situation when the observations are i.i. d. and we allow for 2 possible hidden states.
The local ionospheric modeling by integration ground GPS observations and satellite altimetry data

The free electrons in the ionosphere have a strong impact on the propagation of radio waves. When the signals pass through the ionosphere, both their group and phase velocity are disturbed. Several space geodetic techniques such as satellite altimetry, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can be used to model the total electron content. At present, the classical input data for development of ionospheric models are based on dual-frequency GPS observations, However, a major problem with this observation type is the nonuniform distribution of the terrestrial GPS reference stations with large gaps notably over the sea surface and ocean where only some single stations are located on islands, leading to lower the precision of the model over these areas. In these regions the dual-frequency satellite altimeters provide precise information about the parameters of the ionosphere. Combination of GPS and satellite altimetry observations allows making best use of the advantages of their different spatial and temporal distributions. In this study, the local ionosphere modeling was done by the combination of space geodetic observations using spherical Slepian function. The combination of the data from ground GPS observations over the western part of the USA and the altimetry mission Jason-2 was performed on the normal equation level in the least-square procedure and a least-square variance component estimation (LS-VCE) was applied to take into account the different accuracy levels of the observations. The integrated ionosphere model is more accurate and more reliable than the results derived from the ground GPS observations over the oceans.
DETERMINATION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITE IN WEST BANGKA BASED ON ROCK MASS RATING AND GEOLOGICAL STRENGTH INDEX

Indonesian government through the National Atomic Energy Agency has planned to build a nuclear power plant. One of the proposed sitesis in West Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Archipelago Province. The engineering geology of this area is, however, not fully understood and requires further investigations. Engineering geology investigations were carried out by assessing the rock mass quality and bearing capacity based on field observation and drilling data. The assessment was conducted using Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) classifications. The rock masses in the study area were divided into four units, namely units of sandstone, granite, mudstone and pebbly sandstone. The RMR and GSI values in the study area were influenced by the parameters of discontinuity space density, the slope of discontinuity orientation, grade of weathering and groundwater conditions. The assessment shows that the granite unit had the best quality which was shown by a 53 average RMR value and 66 GSI value. Based on the average RMR value, the granite unit was estimated to have cohesion value between 0.2 and 0.3 MPa, friction angle between 25° and 35°, and allowable bearing pressure between 280 and 135 T/m2. Based on the GSI value, the granite unit was estimated to have uniaxial compressive strength value between 1.0465 and 183.8 MPa, ten- sile strength between (-0.0122) and (-5.2625) MPa, rock mass strength values between 24.5244 and 220.351 MPa, and modulus of deformation within a range of 1.73 - 86.68 GPa. The Granite Unit was considered to be the most appropriate location for the nuclear power plants. Keywords: nuclear power plant foundation, Geological Strength Index, Rock Mass Rating, rock mass quality
Spin Torque and Spin Hall Nano-Oscillators with Single Magnetic Layers

Spin-torque oscillators (STOs) are capable of producing tunable broadband highfrequency signals within a nanometer-sized region. In this thesis, novel designs for STOs will be discussed; the common theme of these designs will be their use of only one ferromagnetic (FM) material. This work was motivated by the need to understand the fundamental magnetization dynamics in such devices, improving signal quality, and reducing the complexities of device fabrication in comparison to conventional nanocontact (NC-)STOs based on a multilayered spin-valve structure. Single-layer NC-STOs: The multilayered spin-valve structure in NC-STOs may be replaced by a material stack with a single FM layer, reducing the number of metallic layers as well as the total thickness of the devices. Spin-transfer torque (STT) can be efficiently created at the interface to the FM layer underneath the nanocontact, leading to the production of microwave signals in zero applied field. Spin Hall effect (SHE) driven dynamics: A charge current flowing through platinum establishes spin accumulation at the edges of the material due to the SHE. This can be used for STT-driven magnetization dynamics in an adjacent FM layer. These so-called spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs) operate with the current flow being directed in-plane, simplifying nanofabrication and allowing for direct optical access to the active area. SHNO devices are designed in two device geometries: One uses pointed gold electrodes to inject current into an extended active area, while the other focuses the current at a nanoconstriction. Implementation of Heusler alloys: The magnetodynamics of STOs are governed by the properties of the FM free layer. The ease of fabrication of single-layer NCSTOs and SHNOs opens up the possibility of implementing nonconventional ferromagnets with unique magnetic properties. One such material is the epitaxially grown half-metallic half-Heusler alloy NiMnSb, which has a fundamentally lower magnetic damping than permalloy, leading to microwave emission spectra with ultralow linewidths. Mutual synchronization of SHNOs: The mutual synchronization of STOs is accompanied by an increase in the output power and a decrease in the linewidth, thereby drastically improving the overall quality of the microwave signal. Here, the mutual synchronization of up to nine serially connected nanoconstriction SHNOs is demonstrated, which potentially opens up the possibility of implementing these devices in, for example, spin-wave-based computing.
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING CHANGE: A REVIEW

The objective of this study is to discuss the main aspects of management accounting change and the present stage of research in the area. Research in the field of management accounting change can be characterised by its methodological diversity which includes interpretive research, critical research and the traditional functionalist and positivist research. A variety of research methods have also been used, including surveys, fieldwork, case studies and ethnographic studies, as well as studies that have adopted a more conventional quantitative approach, such as contingency-type studies. In addition, researchers have drawn on a wide range of theories, including traditional positivistic theories, such as economic theory and contingency theory, and alternative theories, such as institutional theory, structuration theory, actor network theory, middle-range thinking, labour process theory, political economy, and Foucault’s theory. Therefore, management accounting change is a heterogenic field of research with a non-dominant paradigm.
Case analysis of pancreatic cancer treated with FOLFIRINOX in China

Background: The FOLFIRINOX regimen recently became the new standard of care for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. However, FOLFIRINOX hasn’t been widely used in China as the hesitance of oncologists to use FOLFIRINOX due to the toxicity of the regimen and the presumption that Chinese patients could not tolerate FOLFIRINOX. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of ten patients with pancreatic cancer who received the FOLFIRINOX regimen from July 2016 to July 2018. The two woman and eight men enrolled were aged 29 to 76 years. Three, three, and four patients were diagnosed with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC), liver-metastatic pancreatic cancer (LMPC), and recurrent pancreatic cancer (RPC), respectively. Seven and three patients received a full or 80% initial dose, according to their Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. Results: One of the seven patients was administered an 80% dose after the second cycle because of febrile neutropenia (grade >3). The most common adverse event was neutropenia (grade 2). Four patients with BRPC or LMPC successfully underwent surgical resection. Two patients with LMPC achieved partial remission (PR). The levels of the serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 of three patients with RPC significantly decreased (>60%). Conclusions: The FOLFIRINOX regimen is effective and is tolerated by certain Chinese patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The dose of the FOLFIRINOX regimen should be individually adjusted to reduce toxicity.
Invariance principle for new weakly dependent stationary models under sharp moment assumptions

This paper is aimed to sharpen a weak invariance principle for stationary sequences in Doukhan & Louhichi (1999). Our assumption is both beyond mixing and the causal θ-weak dependence in Dedecker and Doukhan (2003); those authors obtained a sharp result which improve on an optimal one in Doukhan et alii (1995) under strong mixing. We prove this result and we also precise convergence rates under existence of moments with order > 2 while Doukhan & Louhichi (1999) assume a moment of order > 4. Analogously to those authors, we use a non-causal condition to deal with some general classes of stationary and weakly dependent sequences. Beyond the previously used ηand κ-weak dependence conditions, we introduce a mixed condition λ adapted to consider Bernoulli shifts with dependent innovations, which look quite new.
Transition of Youth from Education to the Labour Market: the Case of Lithuania

This paper discusses the transition of youth from education to the labour market in Lithuania. The purpose of this research is to identify trends and disclose main opportunities and essential challenges for a successful transition of youth from education to the labour market in Lithuania. The research problem can be defined by the following questions: what are the trends of youth transition from education to the labour market in Lithuania? What is the perspective for youth employment in Lithuania? Semi-structured interviews with experts working in the areas of employment, education, economy at the national level were carried out. The research results revealed that the main challenges concerning successful youth transition from education to the labour market are the following: the supply of professions mismatches the demands of the labour market, there is lack of compliance between educational system and labour market demands, youth often lacks necessary skills and personal qualities for a particular working place, Lithuanian lacks more profound labour market forecasts, etc. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ss. 77.3. 2768
Semileptonic B to D Decays at Nonzero Recoil with 2+1 Flavors of Improved Staggered Quarks

The Fermilab Lattice-MILC collaboration is completing a comprehensive program of heavy-light physics on the MILC (2+1)-flavor asqtad ensembles with lattice spacings as small as 0.045 fm and light-to-strange-quark mass ratios as low as 1/20. We use the Fermilab interpretation of the clover action for heavy valence quarks and the asqtad action for light valence quarks. The central goal of the program is to provide ever more exacting tests of the unitarity of the CKM matrix. We give a progress report on one part of the program, namely the analysis of the semileptonic decay B to D at both zero and nonzero recoil. Although final results are not presented, we discuss improvements in the analysis methods, the statistical errors, and the parameter coverage that we expect will lead to a significant reduction in the final error for |V{sub cb}| from this decay channel.
Investor Recognition of Bankrputcy Costs: Evidence from the 1987 Market Crash

In this paper, we examine the behavior of stock prices of individual firms with different bond ratings surrounding the October market crash of 1987 and therefrom make inferences about the significance of bankruptcy costs borne by stockholders. The key findings are as follows: Immediately following the crash, stock prices of firms with different bond ratings display dramatically divergent behavior. Specifically, stocks with speculative bond ratings exhibit significantly negative cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) in the wake of crash; the more speculative a firm's bond is, the more negative is the CAR of the firm's stock. Regression analysis confirms that there indeed exists a significantly negative relationship between the post-crash CARs and individual firms' bankruptcy risk proxied by their bond ratings, a variable that measures the likelihood of financial distress ex ante.
The EMU Consolidation Game - or: Does 3.0 Really Mean 3.0?

Within the economic profession, it is a widely held view that the fiscal criteria of the Maastricht treaty are arbitrary numbers without economic foundation. Much of this criticism seems to overlook an important aspect - the strategic dimension of the criteria. This paper focuses on one particular question out of this broad strategic complex: How do the criteria change the fiscal bargaining situation on the national level? For this purpose, a bargaining game between a national finance minister and an interest group over budget consolidation is designed. The purpose of this paper is twofold : On the one hand the analysis should contribute to a better understanding of the strategic effects of the fiscal criteria in the pre-EMU period. On the other hand it is to provide insights helpful for the construction of credible and strategically consistent debt limits in the time after the introduction of the Euro.
Relationship-specific investment as a barrier to entry

This study constructs a model of a relationship-specific investment in a dynamic framework. Although such investment decreases operating costs and increases the current joint profits of firms in vertical relationships, its specificity reduces the ex-post flexibility to change a trading partner in the future. We demonstrate that whether the investment contract deters entry even in the absence of exclusionary terms depends on not only the specificity but also the efficiency of the investment. We also show that an increase in the investment efficiency does not necessarily improve the equilibrium social welfare.
Comparison between the Boltzmann and Monte Carlo simulation methods for the determination of electron swarm transport coefficients in molecular hydrogen

The transport properties of an electron swarm drifting and diffusing in hydrogen as determined from a numerical solution of Boltzmann's equation are compared with those derived previously from a Monte Carlo simulation. The same set of cross sections has been used with each method to calculate transport coefficients in the range 0·5 . ;;; EIN. ;;; 200 Td. The comparison shows that the Boltzmann analysis is valid in this case whenever ionization is not significant.
Macrodynamics of debt-financed investment-led growth with interest rate rules

ABSTRACT This article demonstrates the diverse dynamic possibilities arising out of a simple macroeconomic model of debt-financed investment-led growth in the presence of interest rate rules. We show possibilities of convergence to steady state, and growth cycles around it as well as various complex dynamics. We investigate whether, given this framework, the financial sector can provide endogenous bounds to an otherwise unstable system. The effectiveness of monetary policy in the form of an interest rate rule targeting capacity utilization is examined under this context.