Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Reducing the Incidence of Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows by Feeding a Vitamins and Minerals based Strategic Feed Supplement

One hundred twelve high yielding (>20kg/animal/day) crossbred cows having a history of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in previous lactation were selected from 24 farms in Mohali and Ropar districts of Punjab. Thirty-three cows from eight farms served as control, and remaining were fed daily 10 g supplement per animal, containing chelated copper, zinc, chromium, vitamins E and A along with iodine for four weeks before calving. After calving, milk samples were collected on 10th and 40th day for analysis of somatic cell counts (SCC), sodium content, pH and electrical conductivity. The farm owners were provided with Mastect strips for routine check up for sub-clinical mastitis. Out of 79 experimental cows, only 17 showed positive signs for sub-clinical and clinical mastitis with Mastect strip test, which was confirmed by SCC in milk (2.97 x105 cells/ml milk). However, out of thirty three, twenty nine animals in control group were affected by sub-clinical mastitis as indicated by SCC (3.19 x105 cells/ml milk), which was later aggravated to clinical mastitis. The pH, electrical conductivity, SCC and sodium content in milk were higher (P<0.01) in animals affected by sub-clinical mastitis than the normal animals. In experimental group, SCC in 62 animals was within the normal range (0.75-2.50 x105 cells/ml milk) and no signs of sub-clinical or clinical mastitis were observed. The inference could be drawn that feeding a vitamins and chelated minerals based strategic feed supplement for four weeks prior to calving can reduce the incidence of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis significantly in dairy cows under farm conditions.
Nursing record systems: effects on nursing practice and healthcare outcomes.

BACKGROUND A nursing record system is the record of care that was planned or given to individual patients and clients by qualified nurses or other caregivers under the direction of a qualified nurse. Nursing record systems may be an effective way of influencing nurse practice. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of nursing record systems on nursing practice and patient outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY For the original version of this review in 2000, and updates in 2003 and 2008, we searched: the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group Specialised Register; MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BNI, ISI Web of Knowledge, and ASLIB Index of Theses. We also handsearched: Computers, Informatics, Nursing (Computers in Nursing); Information Technology in Nursing; and the Journal of Nursing Administration. For this update, searches can be considered complete until the end of 2007. We checked reference lists of retrieved articles and other related reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before and after studies, and interrupted time series comparing one kind of nursing record system with another in hospital, community or primary care settings. The participants were qualified nurses, students or healthcare assistants working under the direction of a qualified nurse, and patients receiving care recorded or planned using nursing record systems. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors (in two pairs) independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS We included nine trials (eight RCTs, one controlled before and after study) involving 1846 people. The studies that evaluated nursing record systems focusing on relatively discrete and focused problems, for example effective pain management in children, empowering pregnant women and parents, reducing loss of notes, reducing time spent on data entry of test results, reducing transcription errors, and reducing the number of pieces of paper in a record, all demonstrated some degree of success in achieving the desired results. Studies of nursing care planning systems and total nurse records demonstrated uncertain or equivocal results. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found some limited evidence of effects on practice attributable to changes in record systems. It is clear from the literature that it is possible to set up the randomised trials or other quasi-experimental designs needed to produce evidence for practice. Qualitative nursing research to explore the relationship between practice and information use could be used as a precursor to the design and testing of nursing information systems.
Barriers to patient portal access among veterans receiving home‐based primary care: a qualitative study

Electronic, or web‐based, patient portals can improve patient satisfaction, engagement and health outcomes and are becoming more prevalent with the advent of meaningful use incentives. However, adoption rates are low, particularly among vulnerable patient populations, such as those patients who are home‐bound with multiple comorbidities. Little is known about how these patients view patient portals or their barriers to using them.
Intra-pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus conservative management in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema.

BACKGROUND Pleural effusions and empyema may complicate lower respiratory tract infections. Treatment of these collections of pus includes surgical drainage and the use of intra-pleural fibrinolysis to break down fibrin bands that may cause loculation. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the benefit of adding intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy to intercostal tube drainage in the treatment of complicated para pneumonic effusions and empyema to reduce mortality or the need for subsequent surgical debridement of the pleural space. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE. Trial authors were contacted for further information and details regarding the possibility of unpublished trials was requested. The most recent search was conducted in November 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA All studies in the review were Randomised Controlled Trials in adult patients with post-pneumonic empyema or complicated parapneumonic effusions who had not had prior surgical intervention or trauma. The intervention was an intrapleural fibrinolytic agent (streptokinase or urokinase) via an intercostal chest drain (ICD) versus control, or a comparison of the two agents. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data . Study authors were contacted for further information. MAIN RESULTS Seven studies met the eligibility criteria of the review, recruiting 761 participants. The only consistent end points in all trials were treatment failure, as gauged by the requirement for additional intervention including surgery or death. In studies where patients had either loculation and empyema, there was no significant difference in the risk of death with fibrinolytics (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.68). When treatment failure was considered as surgical intervention, fibrinolytics reduced the risk of this outcome (RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.85), but there is discordance between earlier positive studies and the more recent negative study by Maskell. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy confers significant benefit in reducing the requirement for surgical intervention for patients in the early studies included in this review but not in the more recently published Maskell study. The reasons for this difference are uncertain. Separate subgroup analysis of proven loculated/septated effusions from the available data in our meta-analysis suggests a potential overall treatment benefit with fibrinolytics, but these results should be treated with caution as the data are incomplete and the benefit is not significant in the subgroup of high quality trials (Cochrane Grade A). Intrapleural fibrinolytics have not been shown to significantly increase adverse events, but the confidence interval is too wide to firmly exclude this possibility.
‘No Smoking Class’ competitions in Finland: their value in delaying the onset of smoking in adolescence

No Smoking Class' competitions have been organized annually in Finland for eighth grade pupils since the school year 1989-1990. Each school class has together to decide if they want to be a no smoking class for the next half a year from fall to spring. Classes decide about participating in the contest and controlled non-smoking during the competition; and classes where all the pupils are able to refrain from smoking for the duration of the competition participate in a lottery. The lottery prizes consist of four main prizes, each of 10 000 FIM (US$ 2000) and ten second prizes, each of 1000 FIM (US$ 200). Each year, 20 000-30 000 pupils have participated in the competition. The evaluation of the program was carried out in the school year 1991-1992 with afollow-
Physical training for cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND Physical training may form an important part of the care package for people with cystic fibrosis. OBJECTIVES To determine whether a prescribed regimen of physical training produces improvement or prevents deterioration in physiological and clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis compared to no training. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. Date of the most recent search: September 2007. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised and quasi-randomised controlled clinical trials in which a prescribed regimen of physical training is compared to no physical training in people with cystic fibrosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed methodological quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Of the 26 studies identified, seven studies which included 231 participants, met the inclusion criteria. This review does provide some limited evidence from both short- and long-term studies that aerobic or anaerobic physical training has a positive effect on primary outcomes (exercise capacity, strength and lung function) but improvements are not consistent between studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Conclusions about the efficacy of physical training in cystic fibrosis are limited by the small size, short duration and incomplete reporting of most of the studies included in this review. Physical training is already part of the care package offered to most people with cystic fibrosis and there is a lack of evidence to actively discourage this. The benefits obtained from including physical training in a package of care may be influenced by the type of training programme. Further research is needed to assess comprehensively the benefits of exercise programmes in people with cystic fibrosis and the relative benefits of the addition of aerobic versus anaerobic versus a combination of both types of physical training to the care of people with cystic fibrosis.
Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening.

BACKGROUND World-wide, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Increasing the uptake of screening, alongside increasing informed choice is of great importance in controlling this disease through prevention and early detection. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at women, to increase the uptake, including informed uptake, of cervical cancer screening. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Issue 1, 2009. MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases up to March 2009. We also searched registers of clinical trials, abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to increase uptake/informed uptake of cervical cancer screening. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. Where possible the data were synthesised in a meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-eight trials met our inclusion criteria. These trials assessed the effectiveness of invitational and educational interventions, counselling, risk factor assessment and procedural interventions. Heterogeneity between trials limited statistical pooling of data. Overall, however, invitations appear to be effective methods of increasing uptake. In addition, there is limited evidence to support the use of educational materials. Secondary outcomes including cost data were incompletely documented so evidence was limited. Most trials were at moderate risk of bias. Informed uptake of cervical screening was not reported in any trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is evidence to support the use of invitation letters to increase the uptake of cervical screening. There is limited evidence to support educational interventions but it is unclear what format is most effective. The majority of the studies are from developed countries and so the relevance to developing countries is unclear.
Serum protein S100B and nucleated red blood cell counts as early markers of cerebral damage in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Abstract Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, there are no reliable methods to detect brain damage in these patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether measurement of serum levels of protein S100B and nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) counts in asphyxiated full-term newborns could be a useful tool for early detection of post asphyxia brain damage. Thirty full term infants with different grades of HIE together with twenty matched controls were enrolled in the study. Serum samples were collected before the lapse of second hour after birth and samples repeated in the second and third days of life for detection of NRBCs count and level of protein S100B. Serum protein S100B and NRBCs counts were significantly increased in HIE group versus control group (P < 0.05). In day 3, level of NRBC was not significantly higher in HIE group versus control (P > 0.05). Serum protein S100B and NRBCs counts significantly increased in with increasing HIE severity (P < 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for protein S100B, which was higher day 3 (96.7% and 95%, respectively). For nucleated red blood cells, sensitivity and specificity were highest at first day (96.6% and 100%, respectively). From the present study it is concluded that serum protein S100B and NRBCs count are useful tools for prediction of brain damage and the expected course of HIE patients.
Humoral and cellular immune responses against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the 8th human herpesvirus discovered in 1994. After primary infection, KSHV establishes latency and, in the context of immunosuppression, has been associated with specific malignancies: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Seroepidemiological surveys suggest that KSHV is not a ubiquitous virus and several transmission routes and risk factors must exist to explain its global distribution. The increased risk of KSHV-associated cancers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, and the decrease of KS incidence after the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in 1997 suggest that cellular immunity plays an important role in controlling KSHV. In this thesis, seroepidemiological studies were conducted in African, Middle Eastern, Mediterranean European and South American countries to determine the infection rate, and to determine risk factors and possible routes of KSHV transmission. A new quantitative real-time PCR method was developed to detect KSHV in clinical samples. This assay has diagnostic and prognostic implications for the management of KSHV-associated diseases. Anti-viral and immunological responses were measured and analysed, and cellular immune responses to KSHV were demonstrated in a cohort of HIV infected individuals undergoing HAART treatment. The interaction between KSHV and HIV was evaluated and the impact of HAART on KSHV immune reconstitution was investigated.
Where people look for online health information

OBJECTIVES To identify health-related websites Americans are using, demographic characteristics associated with certain website type and how website type shapes users' online information seeking experiences. METHODS Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 4 Cycle 1 were used. User-identified websites were categorised into four types: government sponsored, commercially based, academically affiliated and search engines. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between users' sociodemographic characteristics and website type, and associations between website type and information search experience. RESULTS Respondents reported using: commercial websites (71.8%), followed by a search engines (11.6%), academically affiliated sites (11.1%) and government-sponsored websites (5.5%). Older age was associated with the use of academic websites (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02, 1.04); younger age with commercial website use (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95, 0.98). Search engine use predicted increased levels of frustration, effort and concern over website information quality, while commercial website use predicted decreased levels of these same measures. DISCUSSION Health information seekers experience varying levels of frustration, effort and concern related to their online searching. CONCLUSION There is a need for continued efforts by librarians and health care professionals to train seekers of online health information to select websites using established guidelines and quality criteria.
Adipophilin/perilipin‐2 as a lipid droplet‐specific marker for metabolically active cells and diseases associated with metabolic dysregulation

Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic storage compartments for energy‐rich fats that are nearly ubiquitously present in eukaryotic cells, exerting tissue‐specific functions in metabolically active cell types, and are increased in conditions following cellular damage or lipid overload. The LD–cytoplasm interface is stabilized by amphiphilic proteins of the PAT/perilipin family (perilipin/perilipin‐1, adipophilin/perilipin‐2, and TIP47/perilipin‐3). We evaluated the value of adipophilin immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of diseases associated with LD accumulation.
Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine are the most commonly prescribed mucolytic drugs in many European countries. To our knowledge, no systematic review has been published on their efficacy and safety for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety and to establish a benefit-risk ratio of acetylcysteine and carbocysteine as symptomatic treatments for ARTIs in children without chronic broncho-pulmonary disease. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2007, issue 4) which contains the Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Group's Specialized Register, MEDLINE (1966 to 2008), EMBASE (1980 to 2008); Micromedex (2008), Pascal (1987 to 2004), and Science Citation Index (1974 to 2008). SELECTION CRITERIA To study efficacy, we used randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of acetylcysteine or carbocysteine versus placebo either alone or as an add-on therapy.To study safety, we also used trials comparing the use of acetylcysteine or carbocysteine versus active treatment or no treatment and case reports. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors extracted data and assessed trial quality. We performed a subgroup analysis of children younger than two years of age. MAIN RESULTS Six trials involving 497 participants were included to study efficacy. They showed some benefit from mucolytic agents, although differences were of little clinical relevance. No conclusion was drawn about the subgroup of infants younger than two years because the data were unavailable. Thirty-four studies including the previous six trials involving 2064 children were eligible to study safety. Overall safety was good but very few data were available to evaluate safety in infants younger than two years. However, 48 cases of paradoxically increased bronchorrhoea observed in infants were reported to the French pharmacovigilance system. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The results of this review have to be interpreted with caution because it was based on a limited number of participants included in studies whose methodological quality is questionable. Acetylcysteine and carbocysteine seem to have a limited efficacy and appear to be safe in children older than two years. These results should take into consideration the fact that acetylcysteine and carbocysteine are prescribed for self-limiting diseases (for example, acute cough, bronchitis). Regarding children younger than two years, given concerns about safety, these drugs should only be used for ARTIs in the context of an RCT.
Intentional Teenage Pregnancy: Correlates of Children Who Want Children.

This study explored the differences between African American and Latina female adolescents who desire to become pregnant and those who do not. Five hundred and thirty-one sexually experienced, never pregnant adolescents completed surveys containing questions about demographics, sexual behavior and contraceptive use, sexual and contraceptive behavioral intentions, attitudes toward condoms and birth control, substance use, quality of mother-daughter relationship, and mother-daughter communication about sexual issues. Medical and self-report data regarding pregnancies in the subsequent 6 months was also obtained. Adolescents who desired pregnancy had sex more frequently, engaged in more unproteccted sex, and became pregnant in the following 6 months at a higher rate. They were significantly more likely to have poor relationships with their mothers, fewer siblings, and higher rates of substance use. The results suggest the importance of a family systems approach to studying intentional teenage pregnancy. (Author) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************
Cornary microvascular dysfunction: an under- appreciatwed segment of coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is predicted to be the most common cause of death and disability globally by 20201. Early detection and management of coronary artery disease can improve CAD related morbidity and mortality. Coronary angiogram remains the final diagnostic procedure for CAD. The current treatment strategy for CAD is confined mainly on disease of the epicardial coronary arteries. But, normal epicardial coronary arteries are found in 20% of cases undergoing coronary angiography for chest pain evaluation2. Detection of normal coronary arteries in patients having angina pectoris does not exclude further coronary events; rather these patients bear more risk of future cardiac ischemic syndromes. Several studies tried to discover the dilemma of non-obstructive CAD. They concluded with proposition of coronary microvascular dysfunction. Normal epicardial coronary arteries at angiography in patients with angina: Proposition of coronary microvascular dysfunction. Dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation was explained earlier by3,4. Cannon and Epstein termed the condition as microvascular angina (MVA)5. Lanza and Crea described as Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMVD) and demonstrated the pathophysiology with the following figure6: