Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection of the anal canal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men.

One of the groups at highest risk of anal cancer is homosexual and bisexual men. Like cervical cancer, anal cancer is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Anal HPV infection was characterized in a study of 346 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 262 HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men. Anal HPV DNA was detected in 93% of HIV-positive and 61% of HIV-negative men by polymerase chain reaction. The spectrum of HPV types was similar in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men, with HPV-16 the most common type. Infection with multiple HPV types was found in 73% of HIV-positive and 23% of HIV-negative men. Among HIV-positive men who were positive by hybrid capture for group B HPV types (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58) or group A types (6/11/42/43/44), lower CD4 cell levels were associated with higher levels of group B DNA (P = .004) but not group A DNA. These data suggest increased replication of the more oncogenic HPV types with more advanced immunosuppression.
Interspecies semantic communication in two forest primates

West African Diana monkeys (Cercopithecus diana) and Campbell's monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli) frequently form mixed–species associations. Males of both species produce acoustically distinct alarm calls to crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) and leopards (Panthera pardus), two of their main predators. Field playback experiments were conducted to investigate whether Diana monkeys respond to Campbell's alarm calls and whether they understand the calls' semantic content. Diana monkeys responded to playback of Campbell's leopard or eagle alarm calls as though the original predator were present. In a second experiment, Diana monkeys were primed with either Campbell's eagle or leopard alarm calls and then subsequently probed with the vocalizations of a crowned eagle or a leopard. Results showed that monkeys used the semantic information conveyed by the Campbell's alarm calls to predict the presence of a predator. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that non–human primates are able to use acoustic signals of diverse origin as labels for underlying mental representations.
A high power and highly efficient multi-band power amplifier for mobile terminals

This paper presents a highly efficient multi-band heterojunction bipolar transistor power amplifier (PA) employing reconfigurable matching networks (MNs). The MN consists of field effect transistor switches and achieves the desired matching condition in the target frequency band by controlling the on/off status of switches. The fabricated reconfigurable PA has 3-stage and operates in 9 bands from 0.7 to 2.5 GHz, i.e., 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.4, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.3, and 2.5-GHz bands, with over a 30 dB gain. It also achieves an output power of greater than 34 dBm and a power added efficiency of over 40% at the supply voltage of 3.5 V in each operating band.
Top-down parsing in Coco-2

Coco-2 [Dobler90] is a new compiler compiler with two interesting features: It allows the specification of the lexical structure, syntax and semantics of a source language within a single document and it implements a new top-down parsing method. This paper focuses on the new parsing method that conveniently incorporates the evaluation of semantic actions in table-driven top-down parsers. The new method is called hybrid because it is a powerful combination of table-driven top-down syntax analysis and the handling of semantic evaluation as implemented in recursive descent parsers. The most notable fact of this method is, that it provides the benefits of table-driven top-down parsing and recursive descent while avoiding their drawbacks.
Prognostic value of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels in critically ill patients who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia

INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill patients. We sought to determine the prognostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) kinetics in critically ill patients who developed VAP. METHODS: Patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and developed VAP were eligible. Patients were followed for 28 days after the pneumonia diagnosis and blood samples for PCT and CRP were collected on the day of the pneumonia diagnosis (D0), and days 3 (D3) and 7 (D7) after the diagnosis. Patients were grouped as survivors and non-survivors, and the mean PCT and CRP values and their kinetics were assessed. RESULTS: In total, 45 patients were enrolled. Of them, 22 (48.8%) died before day 28 after the pneumonia diagnosis. There was no significant difference between the survivor and non-survivor groups in terms of PCT on the day of pneumonia diagnosis or CRP levels at any point. However, the PCT levels days 3 and 7 were significantly higher in the non-survivor group than the survivor group. Whereas PCT levels decreased significantly from D0 to D7 in the survivor group, CRP did not. A PCT level above 1 ng/mL on day 3 was the strongest predictor of mortality, with an odds ratio of 22.6. CONCLUSION: Serum PCT was found to be a superior prognostic marker compared to CRP in terms of predicting mortality in critically ill patients who developed VAP. The PCT level on D3 was the strongest predictor of mortality in VAP.
Design of an ultra low noise amplifier for mobile communication in higher frequency band

This paper presents the design of an ultra low noise amplifier (LNA) from 6GHz to 6.5GHz, which is used in higher frequency band mobile communication systems. The circuit design, simulations and optimizations were performed using the Advanced Design System. The testing results indicate that the low noise amplifier has good performance: the gain is 24dB with a 0.3dB ripple, and the range of noise figure (connector insertion loss included) is 0.86dB to 1.07dB over the concerned frequency band. The developed LNA is ideal to be used in the receiver front end for the communication systems in higher frequency band.
Speed control of a brushless DC motor (BLDCM) based on fuzzy gain-adaptive PI

This paper presents a comparison between a fuzzy gain adaptive controller and a conventional PI controller used for speed control of a Brushless DC motor (BLDCM) or electronically commutated (ECM). First, we establish a dynamic model for direct current to the input of the switch that the electromagnetic torque of BLDCM is proportional to this current. This model is intended to facilitate the procedures for setting and controlling the current, and an adaptive PI controller is proposed for the speed control of BLDCM in the presence of the variations parametric. A fuzzy-Type 1 inference system is used to adjust in real-time the controller gains. The obtained results show the efficacy of the proposed method.
Design Requirements for a Spintronic MTJ Logic Device for Pipelined Logic Applications

Spintronic devices have been spotlighted due to their nonvolatility and potential for low-voltage operation. However, their potential performance and energy efficiency require greater scrutiny. In this paper, a circuit-level energy-performance analysis is used to derive the design requirements for a spintronic magnetic tunnel junction logic device, mLogic, for pipelined logic applications. An analytical equation for the domain wall mobility of mLogic is derived to predict the performance of future designs and used to point to key directions for further device improvement. We show that the energy dissipation of a logic pipeline under delay constraints is a convex function of the write/read-path resistance ratio and the supply voltage. Scaling the supply voltage can reduce the energy dissipation at the expense of switching speed, but is limited by an extrinsic pinning effect and thermal noise. The energy reduction by maximizing the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) will be saturated for TMR larger than 100. But maximizing TMR can mitigate the thermal noise limit of scaling the supply voltage. The energy gap between MOSFETs and mLogic gets smaller for more advanced technology nodes. With 32-nm technology, a future mLogic design can be more optimal than MOSFETs in low-power and low-performance applications, such as emerging Internet-of-Things devices.
Supporting evidence-based practice for nurses through information technologies.

PURPOSE To evaluate the usability of mobile information terminals, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) or Tablet personal computers, to improve access to information resources for nurses and to explore the relationship between PDA or Tablet-supported information resources and outcomes. BACKGROUND The authors evaluated an initiative of the Nursing Secretariat, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, which provided nurses with PDAs and Tablet PCs, to enable Internet access to information resources. Nurses had access to drug and medical reference information, best practice guidelines (BPGs), and to abstracts of recent research studies. METHOD The authors took place over a 12-month period. Diffusion of Innovation theory and the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) model guided the selection of variables for study. A longitudinal design involving questionnaires was used to evaluate the impact of the mobile technologies on barriers to research utilization, perceived quality of care, and on nurses' job satisfaction. The setting was 29 acute care, long-term care, home care, and correctional organizations in Ontario, Canada. The sample consisted of 488 frontline-nurses. RESULTS Nurses most frequently consulted drug and medical reference information, Google, and Nursing PLUS. Overall, nurses were most satisfied with the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) BPGs and rated the RNAO BPGs as the easiest resource to use. Among the PDA and Tablet users, there was a significant improvement in research awareness/values, and in communication of research. There was also, for the PDA users only, a significant improvement over time in perceived quality of care and job satisfaction, but primarily in long-term care settings. IMPLICATIONS It is feasible to provide nurses with access to evidence-based practice resources via mobile information technologies to reduce the barriers to research utilization.
In vitro neutralization of prions with PrPSc-specific antibodies

Abstract Prion diseases reflect the misfolding of a self-protein (PrPC) into an infectious, pathological isomer (PrPSc). By targeting epitopes uniquely exposed by misfolding, our group developed PrPSc-specific vaccines to 3 disease specific epitopes (DSEs). Here, antibodies induced by individual DSE vaccines are evaluated for their capacity to neutralize prions in vitro. For both purified antibodies and immunoreactive sera, the PrPSc-specific antibodies were equally effective in neutralizing prions. Further, there was no significant increase in neutralizing activity when multiple DSEs were targeted within an assay. At a low antibody concentration, the PrPSc-specific antibodies matched the neutralization achieved by an antibody that may act via both PrPC and PrPSc. At higher doses, however, this pan-specific antibody was more effective, potentially due to a combined deactivation of PrPSc and depletion of PrPC.
Definitions and guidelines for assessment of wounds and evaluation of healing

Chronic wounds represent a worldwide problem. For laboratory and clinical research to adequately address this problem, a common language needs to exist. This language should include a system of wound classification, a lexicon of wound descriptors, and a description of the processes that are likely to affect wound healing and would healing end points. The report that follows defines wound, acute wound, chronic wound, healing and forms of healing, wound assessment, wound extent, wound burden, and wound severity. The utility of these definitions is demonstrated as they relate to the healing of a skin wound, but these definitions are broadly applicable to all wounds.
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase of Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae

Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase ([Cu,Zn]-SOD) is widely found in eukaryotes but has only rarely been identified in bacteria. Here we describe sodC, encoding [Cu,Zn]-SOD in Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae, frequent colonists and pathogens of the human respiratory tract. In capsulate H. influenzae, sodC was found in only one division of the bacterial population, and although the protein it encoded was clearly [Cu,Zn]-SOD from its deduced sequence, it lacked enzymatic activity. In H. parainfluenzae, in contrast, active enzyme was synthesized which appeared to be secreted beyond the cytoplasm when the gene was expressed in Escherichia coli minicells. The origin of gene transcription differed between the Haemophilus species, but protein synthesis from cloned genes in vitro was comparable. A C-T transition was found in the H. influenzae sequence compared with the H. parainfluenzae sequence, leading to a histidine, known to be crucial in eukaryotic [Cu,Zn]-SOD for copper ion coordination and so for enzymatic activity, to be changed to tyrosine. This is speculated to be the cause of inactivity of the H. influenzae enzyme. Secreted SODs have only been described in a few bacterial species, and this is the first identification of [Cu,Zn]-SOD in a common human upper respiratory tract colonist. The role of secreted bacterial SODs is unknown, and we speculate that in Haemophilus species the enzyme may confer survival advantage by accelerating dismutation of superoxide of environmental origin to hydrogen peroxide, disruptive to the normal mucociliary clearance process in the host.
Tools for comparative protein structure modeling and analysis

The following resources for comparative protein structure modeling and analysis are described (http://salilab.org): MODELLER, a program for comparative modeling by satisfaction of spatial restraints; MODWEB, a web server for automated comparative modeling that relies on PSI-BLAST, IMPALA and MODELLER; MODLOOP, a web server for automated loop modeling that relies on MODELLER; MOULDER, a CPU intensive protocol of MODWEB for building comparative models based on distant known structures; MODBASE, a comprehensive database of annotated comparative models for all sequences detectably related to a known structure; MODVIEW, a Netscape plugin for Linux that integrates viewing of multiple sequences and structures; and SNPWEB, a web server for structure-based prediction of the functional impact of a single amino acid substitution.
Production of Nephrotic Syndrome in Rats by Freund's Adjuvants and Rat Kidney Suspensions.∗

Summary 1) A severe nephrotic syndrome was noted in 20 rats given Freund's adjuvants and a supernate of rat kidney suspension by intraperitoneal injection. When kidney tissue was replaced by liver, only 3 of 21 animals developed a much milder renal disease. Lung or muscle suspensions failed to induce proteinuria in 10 rats. 2) In large doses (0.5 ml) Freund's adjuvants alone produced a mild nephrotic disease in 3 of 10 rats. Even though the smaller amounts of the adjuvants usually used (0.25 ml) never produced proteinuria, slight histological alterations of the glomerular structure were frequently noted. 3) In contradistinction to other tissue suspensions addition of rat kidney supernate enhanced the effect of adjuvants markedly and regularly. 4) The small amounts of rat kidney proteins used, support the interpretation that an isoand autosensitization mechanism is at play.
Upper bounds to the error probability of decision feedback equalization

The exact computation of the symbol error probability of systems using decision feedback equalization is difficult due to the propagation of errors. New upper bounds to the error probability of decision feedback equalization, which take error propagation into account, are developed. The derivations of the bounds assume a causal channel response, independent data symbols, and independent noise samples. The bounds are valid for any noise process that has a symmetric and unimodal probability density function. In some cases, the new bounds are significantly tighter than a well-known upper bound of D.L. Duttweiler et al. (1974). >
Initial binding of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli to host cells and subsequent induction of actin rearrangements depend on filamentous EspA‐containing surface appendages

Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) induce so‐called attaching and effacing lesions that enable the tight adherence of these pathogens to the gut epithelium. All of the genes necessary for this process are present in the locus of enterocyte effacement, which encodes a type III secretion system, the secreted Esp proteins and the surface protein intimin. In this study we sequenced the espA gene of STEC, generated and characterized a corresponding deletion mutant and raised EspA‐specific monoclonal antibodies to analyse the functional role of this protein during infection. EspA was detected in often filament‐like structures decorating all bacteria that had attached to HeLa cells. These appendages were especially prominent on bacteria that had not yet induced the formation of actin pedestals, indicating that they mediate the initial contact of STEC to their target cells. Consistently, a deletion of the espA gene completely abolished the capacity of such STEC mutants to bind to HeLa cells and to induce actin rearrangements. Surface appendages similar to those described in this study are also formed by Pseudomonas syringae and may represent a structural element common to many bacterial pathogens that deliver proteins into their target cells via a type III secretion system.
Increased albumin excretion in diabetes.

In 1964 Keen and Chlouverakis used a radioimmunoassay to measure the concentration of albumin in the urine of diabetic subjects. ' Although the urine samples were negative for protein by standard clinical tests, the rate of albumin excretion in the study group was greater than in normal controls. Many studies and review articles have subsequently addressed the clinical implications and pathophysiological mechanisms of these findings. There has been little attempt, however, to assess the consequences of these activities on pathology services. The aim of this review is to give an historical perspective to the main clinical developments of what is often called "microalbuminuria", outline the various analytical methods available, discuss some of the technical difficulties, and consider how pathologists may best provide a worthwhile service to clinicians.
Analyse expérimentale des coordinations posturo-cinétiques liées à la délivrance d'un coup de pied : cas de la boxe française savate

Il est bien connu que les mouvements des jambes s'accompagnent d'activites posturales qui, souvent, precedent le mouvement volontaire. Cependant l'etude experimentale de ces activites est tres recente et, tant leur organisation que leur finalite fonctionnelle restaient encore a preciser. Tel a ete precisement l'objet de cette these, en prenant comme modele un coup de pied delivre en boxe francaise. Les resultats ont permis dans un premier temps, de mieux comprendre les correlations entre les phenomenes emg, dynamiques et cinematiques impliques dans la delivrance d'un coup de pied et de souligner ainsi l'importance fonctionnelle des phenomenes posturaux dans la realisation d'un mouvement du membre inferieur. Un travail plus experimental a montre que ces phenomenes posturaux sont modules, tant en intensite qu'en duree, par la force du mouvement, ce qui met en evidence la prise en compte des parametres du mouvement volontaire dans la commande des ajustements posturaux precoces (a. P. P. ). Les modifications de la position initiale et de la liberte de mouvement des bras ont mis en exergue deux caracteristiques des a. P. P. A savoir la poussee sous le pied qui va faire le mouvement et la bascule du tronc en arriere. L'analyse de ces caracteristiques conforte l'hypothese selon laquelle les a. P. P. Ne jouent pas un role seulement dans le maintien de l'equilibre et la conservation d'une certaine posture mais aussi facilitent directement l'execution du mouvement volontaire. La comparaison entre debutants et experts en boxe francaise a fait apparaitre chez ces derniers une optimisation dans le sens d'une plus grande adequation des a. P. P. Aux contraintes de la tache, avec en particulier une minimisation du cout energetique et une amelioration de l'aide apportee au mouvement volontaire. Dans le domaine plus specifique des s. T. A. P. S. , ces resultats soulignent l'importance des phenomenes posturaux dans l'optimisation de la performance et leur necessaire prise en compte dans tout entrainement sportif
Determination of the chromatin domain structure in arrayed repeat regions: Organization of the somatic 5S RNA domain during embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis

The size of the DNA loop containing the Xenopus laevis somatic 5S RNA gene cluster has been estimated using a simple, precise and sensitive method that we have developed for use on any tandemly arrayed DNA repeat region, and was found to increase during development We have found that after the mid‐blastula transition, when transcription is activated in the embryo, a subset of somatic 5S RNA genes becomes specifically associated with the nuclear matrix. This association correlates with the transcriptional activity of the 5S genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1140–1148, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unstable or Insufficiently Activated Internal Models and Feedback-Biased Motor Control as Sources of Dysfluency: A Theoretical Model of Stuttering

1092-5171/04/3101-0105 ABSTRACT: This article presents a theoretical perspective on stuttering based on numerous findings regarding speech and nonspeech neuromotor control in individuals who stutter in combination with recent empirical data and theoretical models from the literature on the neuroscience of motor control. Specifically, this perspective on stuttering relies heavily on recent work regarding feedforward and feedback control schemes; the formation, consolidation, and updating of inverse and forward internal models of the motor systems; and cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar activation patterns during speech and nonspeech motor tasks. Against this background, we propose that stuttering may result when producing speech (a) with unstable or insufficiently activated internal models or (b) with a motor E Unstable or Insufficiently Activated Internal Models and Feedback-Biased Motor Control as Sources of Dysfluency: A Theoretical Model of Stuttering
A nonparametric nonstationary procedure for failure prediction

The time between failures is a very useful measurement to analyze reliability models for time-dependent systems. In many cases, the failure-generation process is assumed to be stationary, even though the process changes its statistics as time elapses. This paper presents a new estimation procedure for the probabilities of failures; it is based on estimating time-between-failures. The main characteristics of this procedure are that no probability distribution function is assumed for the failure process, and that the failure process is not assumed to be stationary. The model classifies the failures in Q different types, and estimates the probability of each type of failure s-independently from the others. This method does not use histogram techniques to estimate the probabilities of occurrence of each failure-type; rather it estimates the probabilities directly from the values of the time-instants at which the failures occur. The method assumes quasistationarity only in the interval of time between the last 2 occurrences of the same failure-type. An inherent characteristic of this method is that it assigns different sizes for the time-windows used to estimate the probabilities of each failure-type. For the failure-types with low probability, the estimator uses wide windows, while for those with high probability the estimator uses narrow windows. As an example, the model is applied to software reliability data.