Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Summary of Applications of D-FACTS on Microgrid

Distribution flexible AC transmission system, as a powerful tool for improving the performance of microgrid, has received much attention at home and abroad. This paper reviews the main functions of several typical D-FACTS in the microgrid, the existing D-FACTS can participate in building an independent, stable, high-quality microgrid and improve the power quality and stability of the microgrid. Meanwhile, the application research of D-FACTS in microgrid is detailed analyzed, a variety of new energy in microgrid can be applied to the development of D-FACTS devices to build the new structure of D-FACTS and better improve the performance of D-FACTS. Then, the concept of Power Electric Building Block (PEBB) is introduced into microgrid in this paper to achieve the plug-and-play, so that D-FACTS can be more flexibly applied to the microgrid. At last, certain problems to be solved are proposed.
Evaluation of preventable trauma death in emergency department of Imam Reza hospital.

BACKGROUND Trauma is considered as a worldwide problem despite socio-economic development. Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are the most important cause of trauma. Trauma related deaths are mostly preventable. This study aimed to investigate the causes and prevention of death in trauma patients. METHODS This retrospective, descriptive-analytic study assessed 100 trauma patients referred to our emergency department (ED) from January 2013 to Januanry 2015. The included patients were those with trauma died after arrival at our ED. Age, sex, cause of trauma, clinical causes of death, causes of death defined by autopsy, way of transfer to the ED, time of ambulance arrival at the scene of trauma, and time elapsed to enter the ED from the scene of trauma were studied. RESULTS In the 100 patients, 21 (21%) patients were female and 79 (79%) male. Forty-three patients were older than 60 years. Trauma was largely due to pedestrian accidents in 31% of the patients, and 33% had a hypo-volemic shock. About 80% of deaths were due to intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH) or intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and spinal injuries were not preventable. Autopsy revealed that 28% of the patients suffered from internal injuries. Autopsy revealed that 19% of the deaths were not preventable and 81% were considered preventable. In our patients, 76 were transferred to the hospital by emergency medicine services (EMS). Analysis of time for ambulance arrival to the scene and frequency of death revealed that 52.2% of the deaths occurred between 11 and 15 minutes. Analysis of time for admission to the ED from the scene of trauma showed that 74.6% deaths occurred between 6 and 10 minutes. CONCLUSIONS The rate of hospital preventable deaths is about 80%, a high mortality rate, which denotes a lack of proper diagnosis and treatment. The time for arrival of EMS at the scene of trauma is longer than that in other countries.
Compression of bit loading power vectors for adaptive multi-carrier systems

Link adaptation technology has been introduced in new generation transmission systems such as 3-G or 4-G, optimizing both their throughput and their power consumption. The adaptation of radio configuration requires information about the radio link quality. The information must be exchanged between the access point and the mobile terminal, leading to an associated signaling load, whose amount may decrease the system transmission efficiency. A mechanism for reducing the amount of signaling information has to be designed for increasing the overall system capacity (more users, more available bandwidth). This paper addresses multi-carrier systems whose link adaptation is carried out by means of bit loading algorithms. However, the associated signaling load increases quickly with the number of sub-carriers, modulation schemes and users. These bit loading vectors are considered a-priori known at the receiver, and almost no literature concerning transmission of such information is available. In realistic transmission systems, correlation exists in time due to Doppler effect, and in frequency due to multi-path delay spread. We intend to exploit this twofold redundancy to decrease the signaling information load related to the power vector data for bit loading. A compression system for the power vector data of the bit loading is proposed. The performance of such compression system is then evaluated on real power vector data.
Treatment Trends in Early-Stage Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: A Report From the National Cancer Data Base

Objective:To examine treatment trends in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) over the last 15 years and, in particular, to compare rates of recurrence and disease-free survival associated with breast conservation therapy compared with mastectomy. Summary Background Data:The biologic characteristics of ILC make it difficult to estimate the extent of the disease by either clinical examination or mammography, and can also make it difficult to detect axillary lymph node metastases. Because of this, there has been a bias toward treating ILC with aggressive therapy. Methods:Patients with ILC were selected from the National Cancer Data Base (1989–2001) using an extensive set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 21,596 patients were selected, including 8108 who received breast conservation therapy and 13,488 who received mastectomy. Analysis included demographic characteristics, trends in usage of sentinel lymph node biopsy, rates of local and distant recurrence, and 5-year disease-free survival rates. Results:The use of breast conversation therapy increased almost threefold during the study period. From 1998 to 2001, the use of sentinel node biopsy increased more than twofold in the breast conservation group (an average of 23% in 1998 versus 57% in 2001), compared with limited usage in the mastectomy group (an average of 10% in 1998 versus 23% in 2001). Local recurrence rates were very low and disease-free survival rates were correspondingly high in both treatment groups for all diagnosis years and across all pathologic tumor size/lymph node status designations. Conclusions:Less invasive treatment options are becoming widely used for invasive lobular carcinoma, yielding outcomes equivalent to those seen with more aggressive treatment.
In Utero and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Organochlorine Mixture Disrupts Reproductive Development and Function in Male Rats1

Abstract We hypothesized that in utero and lactational exposure of male rats to a mixture of more than 15 organochlorines, resembling that found in blubber from northern Quebec seals, alters reproductive development and function. Female rats were gavaged with either corn oil (controls) or the organochlorine mixture in increasing doses (low, medium, and high) for 5 wk before mating and through gestation. Developmental effects were monitored in the male offspring from Postnatal Day (PND) 2 until PND 90. The high-dose mixture reduced the number of pups per litter, percentage of live offspring, and pup weights (P < 0.05). Because only three rats from the high-dose treatment survived, data from this group beyond PND 2 were not included in the statistical analyses. As assessed by the time of preputial separation, puberty was delayed in the pups from treated dams (P < 0.05). Testes weights in the medium-dose group were greater than those in controls on PND 21 (P < 0.05). Ventral prostate weights were lower for the medium-dose group on PND 60 (P < 0.05). On PND 90, weights of the epididymis, ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle of the medium-dose rats were reduced compared to those of controls (P < 0.05). On PND 90, sperm motility parameters assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis were altered in the low- and medium-dose groups (P < 0.05). Testicular and epididymal morphology was severely affected in rats exposed to the high dose of the mixture. Serum testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin, and total thyroxine levels did not differ because of organochlorine treatment. Therefore, in utero and lactational exposure to an environmentally relevant organochlorine mixture adversely affects the reproductive system of male rats, perhaps via antiandrogenic effects during testis development, suggesting a possible reproductive health hazard for humans and other species.
Signal-Dependent Noise Modeling and Model Parameter Estimation in Hyperspectral Images

In this paper, a novel method to characterize random noise sources in hyperspectral (HS) images is proposed. Noise is described using a parametric model that accounts for the dependence of noise variance on the useful signal. Such model takes into account the photon noise contribution and is therefore suitable for noise characterization in the data acquired by new-generation HS sensors where electronic noise is not dominant. A new algorithm is developed for the estimation of noise parameters which consists of two steps. First, the noise and signal realizations are extracted from the original image by resorting to the multiple-linear-regression-based approach. Then, the model parameters are estimated by using a maximum likelihood approach. The new method does not require the intervention of a human operator and the selection of homogeneous regions in the scene. The performance of the new technique is analyzed on simulated HS data. Results on real data are also presented and discussed. Images acquired with a new-generation HS camera are analyzed to give an experimental evidence of the dependence of random noise on the signal level and to show the results of the estimation algorithm. The algorithm is also applied to a well-known Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer data set in order to show its effectiveness when noise is dominated by the signal-independent term.
'Candidatus Nostocoida limicola', a filamentous bacterium from activated sludge.

Five strains of 'Candidatus Nostocoida limicola' were isolated by micromanipulation from two activated sludge plants. Two (Ben17 and Ben18) were from Sunbury, Victoria, Australia, and three (Ben67, Ver1 and Ver2) were from Verona, Italy. The near complete 16S rDNA sequences were determined for five strains and the phylogenetic location of this important bulking filament in the actinomycete subphylum is reported for the first time. Phylogenetically, the Ben strains formed one group with 99.4% 16S rDNA similarity, and the Ver strains formed another with 99.9% 16S rDNA similarity. The mean similarity between the two groups was 97.4%. By 16S rDNA comparison, the closest relative to all strains was Terrabacter sp. strain DPO1361 (95.0-95.5% identical). On R2A medium, all strains generally grew as short filaments or clumps of cocci, whereas on glucose sulfide (GS) medium, all grew as irregular twisting filaments comprising Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells, which is close to their in situ morphology. Polyphosphate was stored either as granules (R2A) or throughout the trichomes (GS). None of the strains could grow without added nitrogen, reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas or grow anaerobically, whereas all could grow at 15-30 degrees C, produce catalase and reduce nitrate to nitrite. All were inactive in the Hugh & Leifson test. This paper describes 'Candidatus Nostocoida limicola'.
Effect of La Crosse Virus Infection on Insemination Rates in Female Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) females orally infected with La Crosse virus after ingesting an infectious bloodmeal were compared for mating efficiency with females that ingested a noninfectious bloodmeal. After 14-d extrinsic incubation to allow for dissemination of the infection, all females were offered a second noninfectious bloodmeal and were placed in cages with age-matched males for 5 d. After 6 d, insemination rates were determined by detection of sperm in the spermathecae. Insemination rates of the La Crosse virus-infected females were significantly greater than in uninfected females.
The Cross-market Impacts of Investor Sentiment in Stock Markets: On the Effect of Investor Sentiment on Bond Issue Costs

This paper studies the impact of investor sentiment in stock markets on bond issue costs.Based on the joint-action mechanism between stock markets and bond markets,the overoptimistic sentiment from stock markets would spread to bond markets,or the rational investors would hedge through bonds to avoid the bubble risk,both of which would inflate the demand for bonds and consequently decrease bond issue costs.Empirical results show that higher investor sentiment in stock markets results in lower bond issue costs.The effect is more significant with regard to firms with higher credit rating,better accounting performance and controlled by governments,and bonds with a convertible option,thereby supporting the hypothesis of rational arbitrage.And the investor sentiment in stock markets is positively related to corporate propensity to bond financing,thereby supporting the conclusions abovementioned.
Comparison of Heparin- and Dermatan Sulfate-mediated Catalysis of Thrombin Inactivation by Heparin Cofactor II*

Heparin and dermatan sulfate activate heparin cofactor II (HCII) comparably, presumably by liberating the amino terminus of HCII to bind to exosite I of thrombin. To explore this model of activation, we systematically substituted basic residues in the glycosaminoglycan-binding domain of HCII with neutral amino acids and measured the rates of thrombin inactivation by the mutants. Mutant D, with changes at Arg184, Lys185, Arg189, Arg192, Arg193, demonstrated a ∼130-fold increased rate of thrombin inactivation that was unaffected by the presence of glycosaminoglycans. The increased rate reflects displacement of the amino terminus of mutant D because (a) mutant D inactivates γ-thrombin at a 65-fold slower rate than α-thrombin, (b) hirudin-(54–65) decreases the rate of thrombin inactivation, and (c) deletion of the amino terminus of mutant D reduces the rate of thrombin inactivation ∼100-fold. We also examined the contribution of glycosaminoglycan-mediated bridging of thrombin to HCII to the inhibitory process. Whereas activation of HCII by heparin was chain-length dependent, stimulation by dermatan sulfate was not, suggesting that dermatan sulfate does not utilize a template mechanism to accelerate the inhibitory process. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that dermatan sulfate evokes greater conformational changes in HCII than heparin, suggesting that dermatan sulfate stimulates HCII by producing more effective displacement of the amino terminus.
Survey and Countermeasures of Students' Intercultural Communication Competence in Adult English Teaching

The cultivation of the intercultural communication competence is an inseparable part of the all-round development of language competence in college English teaching.As a unique community of the contemporary education system,adult students have always been marginalized in the process of the cultivation of intercultural communication competence.Therefore,based on the data collected from the questionnaires,this paper discusses various problems concerning intercultural communication competence in adult English teaching.Besides,it analyzes the necessity and feasibility in developing intercultural communication competence,and puts forward some constructive suggestions to enhance intercultural communication competence in adult English teaching.
The transmembrane domains of the sensor kinase KdpD of Escherichia coli are not essential for sensing K+ limitation

The sensor kinase/response regulator system KdpD/KdpE of Escherichia coli regulates the expression of the kdpFABC operon, which encodes the high affinity K+ transport system KdpFABC. The membrane‐bound sensor kinase KdpD consists of four transmembrane domains, a large cytoplasmic N‐terminal domain and a cytoplasmic C‐terminal transmitter domain. To elucidate the role of the four transmembrane domains, various deletions were introduced in kdpD and the activities of the resulting truncated derivatives of KdpD were determined. A KdpD protein lacking all four transmembrane domains was able to sense low K+ concentrations, whereas at higher K+ concentrations kdpFABC expression was constitutive. These and further results with various truncated KdpD proteins lacking distinct parts of the transmembrane domains or derivatives in which a linker peptide or two transmembrane domains of PutP, the Na+/proline transporter of Escherichia coli, replaced the missing part indicated that the transmembrane domains are not essential for sensing of K+ limitation, but may be important for the correct positioning of the large N‐ and C‐terminal cytoplasmic domains to each other.
Inteach: enhanced personal e-learning with tabletop telepresence and real-world objects

We present InTeach, which integrates e-learning with real-world objects (e.g., books and notebooks) using a compact telepresence. There are many software applications of e-learning that work on PCs and mobile devices. Specifically, video streaming-based e-learning provides face-to-face communication between remote teachers and local students. However, conventional e-learning systems do not take real-world objects enough into account. We use textbooks provided by e-learning software and a text editor on PCs as a notebook. Therefore, we developed InTeach, a compact telepresence system to enhance e-learning. Our telepresence system implements a robotic arm attached to a tablet device. As the tablet contains both a camera and display, the device works for face-to-face communication. As the tablet is attached to a robotic arm, the telepresence can see both a student and real-world objects on the desk by changing direction. Moreover, to realize natural interactions, we integrate our telepresence with a wearable device to sense a remote teacher's head motion, so the teacher's head motion is directly reflected to the telepresence system.
Long-term erythromycin therapy is associated with decreased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.

RATIONALE Frequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are a major cause of hospital admission and mortality and are associated with increased airway inflammation. Macrolides have airway antiinflammatory actions and may reduce the incidence of COPD exacerbations. OBJECTIVES To determine whether regular therapy with macrolides reduces exacerbation frequency. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of erythromycin administered at 250 mg twice daily to patients with COPD over 12 months, with primary outcome variable being the number of moderate and/or severe exacerbations (treated with systemic steroids, treated with antibiotics, or hospitalized). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We randomized 109 outpatients: 69 (63%) males, 52 (48%) current smokers, mean (SD) age 67.2 (8.6) years, FEV1 1.32 (0.53) L, FEV1% predicted 50 (18)%. Thirty-eight (35%) of the patients had three or more exacerbations in the year before recruitment, with no differences between treatment groups. There were a total of 206 moderate to severe exacerbations: 125 occurred in the placebo arm. Ten in the placebo group and nine in the macrolide group withdrew. Generalized linear modeling showed that the rate ratio for exacerbations for the macrolide-treated patients compared with placebo-treated patients was 0.648 (95% confidence interval: 0.489, 0.859; P = 0.003) and that these patients had shorter duration exacerbations compared with placebo. There were no differences between the macrolide and placebo arms in terms of stable FEV1, sputum IL-6, IL-8, myeloperoxidase, bacterial flora, serum C-reactive protein, or serum IL-6 or in changes in these parameters from baseline to first exacerbation over the 1-year study period. CONCLUSIONS Macrolide therapy was associated with a significant reduction in exacerbations compared with placebo and may be useful in decreasing the excessive disease burden in this important patient population. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT 00147667).
Caveolin‐1 expression is a predictor of recurrence‐free survival in pT2N0 prostate carcinoma diagnosed in Japanese patients

The authors previously identified elevated caveolin‐1 expression in human prostate carcinoma and determined that caveolin‐1 levels as detected by immunohistochemistry of radical prostatectomy specimens offered novel prognostic information. A higher incidence of caveolin‐1 expression also was reported in African‐American men compared with white men in the U.S. To explore these ethnic/racial differences in caveolin‐1 expression further, the authors evaluated caveolin‐1 expression as a predictive marker in Japanese men with prostate carcinoma.
A Real-Time Neuronal Model of Classical Conditioning

A new neuronal model of classical conditioning is proposed. The model, called the delay-producing connections (or DPC) model, is an extension of Klopf's (1988) drive-reinforcement model and Sutton and Barto's (1981) model. The DPC model makes two contributions: lt represents the trace of each conditioned stimulus (CS) by a differential equation; and it replaces each CS in the activation rule by its CS trace, which is assumed to be equal to the CS eligibility. The DPC model reproduces the usual shape of a conditioned response, the curve of efficacy of conditioning as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI), the dependence of the optimal ISI on CS duration, the extinction of a conditioned response [even for long-lasting CSs as opposed to Klopf's (1988) model], and several other properties of classical conditioning.
Contrast-reduced imaging of tissue concentration and arterial level (CRITICAL) for assessment of cerebral hemodynamics in acute stroke by magnetic resonance.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To compare cerebral perfusion data obtained by using a low-dose, T1-weighted MRI technique with radionuclide (single positron emission computed tomography [SPECT]) brain imaging and to assess the reproducibility of parametric MRI data (cerebral blood flow [CBF], cerebral blood volume [CBV], and time to peak [TTP]) by applying a previously described nuclear medicine technique to derive quantitative perfusion data. METHODS Single-slice brain and neck images were rapidly acquired during the passage of a small (1/10th of normal dose) bolus of contrast. Parametric images were constructed from the MR data by extracting the bolus transit curve for the brain and the peak arterial input curve from the carotid vessels in the neck. These were compared with SPECT perfusion imaging. Twenty-four patients with acute stroke were studied with both techniques; 13 underwent repeated scanning to assess data reproducibility. RESULTS Relative CBF data were comparable to SPECT data (r = 0.584, P = 0.01). Results were reproducible for relative CBF, CBV, and TTP. The arterial input function was significantly different on the second injection with an average difference of 73.5, suggesting that the signal-concentration relationship had lost linearity with increased contrast load. Absolute quantitative MRI data produced values in the expected range (CBF = 42.6 mL x 100 g(-1) x min(-1)). CONCLUSIONS This technique allows estimation of CBF in the setting of acute stroke with quantitative values in the expected range. Repeated measurements in the same patients showed that this technique provides a reproducible measure of relative CBF, CBV, and TTP.