Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Cause of Violence Expressed as Organized Hooliganism

The hypothesis is put forward that hooligan behavior is based on some unperceived protest of an individual, or a group, against intellectual overstress, or, equivalently, it is based on the individuals' intuitive fear of such overstress that the society imposes (or "threatens" to impose) on them. The violent actions of the hooligans combine the quick movements that develop (activate) the left hemisphere of the brain, and the cruelty that prevents development (activity) of the right hemisphere, which improves the balance in the development of the hemispheres. Hooliganism indicates an important alarm informing one about the increasing intellectual stress in the society, which indeed is unhealthy for many. The hooligans need help, which, as the recent "days of violence" show, is rather urgent. However, the things to be changed are traditional, not well controlled, and thus hardly can be changed quickly. Some constructive suggestions are formulated re improvement of the informational (intellectual) "feeding" of the population. Since committing suicide is a kind of violence that one applies to himself, such an improvement should reduce not only the "external" hooliganism, but also the relative number of suicides.
PROVIDING A SOLID FOUNDATION FOR SUSTAINABLE POLICY MEASURES IN EUROPE

Sustainable Development (SD) has become an overall policy objective in Europe. This is confirmed by the recent issuing of a renewed European Sustainable Development Strategy (EU SDS in 2006) and a variety of national and regional SD strategies. Making the concept of SD operational for public policies raises important challenges in terms of relevancy, accuracy and legitimacy. Without prospective approaches, including foresight and a variety of assessment tools, sustainable policy measures have a risk to lack a solid foundation. Measuring the progress towards SD and assessing the impact of different policy options helps to manage a government or organisation by providing a better understanding of the problem and related solutions. This explorative process can also facilitate the interaction with the public and/or their stakeholders through its communication capability.
Note on neural network sampling for Bayesian inference of mixture processes

In this paper we show some further experiments with neural network sampling, a class of sampling methods that make use of neural network approximations to (posterior) densities, introduced by Hoogerheide et al. (2007). We consider a method where a mixture of Student's t densities, which can be interpreted as a neural network function, is used as a candidate density in importance sampling or the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. It is applied to an illustrative 2-regime mixture model for the US real GNP growth rate. We explain the non-elliptical shapes of the posterior distribution, and show that the proposed method outperforms Gibbs sampling with data augmentation and the griddy Gibbs sampler.
Efficient operator and architecture for local energy measurements to enhance an image signal

For real-time imaging with digital video cameras and high-quality display with TV systems, the obtained picture quality including visibility of details, local contrast and absence of artifacts, is very important to ensure user quality acceptance. We present a multi-window real-time high-frequency enhancement scheme, in which gain is a non-linear function of the detail energy. Then we discuss the computation of commonly used local energy measurements and show that a selection of those measurements can be calculated efficiently. In our first contribution, we propose a new local energy measurement APS that can be calculated more efficiently than the existing metrics in a 2D-separable fashion. In addition, we also show that the new APS measurement gives better performance than standard energy measurements. The second contribution is the use of local contrast and a modified contrast gain formula that can substantially improve the overall algorithm performance, especially when a high-level contrast enhancement is desired. Our algorithm trades off between added contrast and halo artifacts, resulting in a good balance between visibility of details and an acceptable level of artifacts. The new scheme can be successfully applied to cameras and TV systems to improve their visual quality.
The influence of entrepreneur's characteristics on small manufacturing firm debt financing

This paper investigates how entrepreneur’s characteristics determine debt financing of small manufacturing firms. In particular, we investigate the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, strong and weak social ties, gender, age, and entrepreneur’s educational level on small firm debt financing. Research results show that small firm debt financing is determined by weak and strong social ties, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneur’s educational.
Monolayers of three amphiphilic esters of rutin at the air-water interface

The π-A isotherms for monolayers of three amphiphilic ru tin esters, rutin-4”’-O-stearate (RS), rutin-4”’-Olaurate (RL) and rutin-4”’-O-caproate (RC), were measured a t the air-water interface and an air-aqueous alumin um sulfate solution interface. Although RS and RL showed scant wa er solubility, they formed monolayers with the liquid-expanded phase when spread on water. An extr aordinary value of the limiting molecular area was observed for the RC monolayer, which may be due to the large r water solubility of RC. A model was proposed for the molecular conformations of RS and RL monolayers at the surface pressure at collapse ( πcoll). In this model, two saccharide groups were under the water and perpendi cular to the surface, the aglucone portion was spre ad out on the surface and the alkyl chain was orientationally disordered in air. When spread on an aqueous alumi n sulfate solution, the formation of a complex between the al uminum ions and the rutin ester resulted in higher values of acoll and lower values of πcoll for RS and RL monolayers compared with their value s on water, and RC could spread as liquid-expanded phase monolayer. The results descri bed n this paper provide valuable information for investigating the interaction of flavonoids and biomembranes and the anti-oxidant mechanism of flavonoids.
Continuous Improvement Proposal Process and Operating Model

The objective of this study is to create a harmonised continuous improvement operating model. In this study, the theoretical framework for continuous improvement was established on the basis of topical research in the field. The empirical part of the study, based on the interviews, is a model of the best continuous improvement operating models of the internal and external interview units is formed. As a research result, an improvement proposal model is presented. In the model, the continuous improvement activity and suggestion scheme are combined into a single operating model. The operating model combines the requirements of the continuous improvement activity, which have been indicated in the literature, and the observations on the best functioning continuous improvement operating model made in the empirical section. The cornerstones of a successful continuous improvement model are the swift and equal evaluation of the suggestions, encouraging rewards, recognition and feedback. A supportive organisational culture will make it easier for the continuous improvement model to succeed. The support of the management is crucial for the activities.
The OSIRIS instrument on the Odin spacecraft

The optical spectrograph and infrared imager system (OSIRIS) on board the Odin spacecraft is designed to retrieve altitude profiles of terrestrial atmospheric minor species by observing limb-radiance profiles. The grating optical spectrograph (OS) obtains spectra of scattered sunlight over the range 280-800 nm with a spectral resolution of approximately 1 nm. The Odin spacecraft performs a repetitive vertical limb scan to sweep the OS 1 km vertical field of view over selected altitude ranges from approximately 10 to 100 km. The terrestrial absorption features that are superimposed on the scattered solar spectrum are monitored to derive the minor species altitude profiles. The spectrograph also detects the airglow, which can be used to study the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The other part of OSIRIS is a three-channel infrared imager (IRI) that uses linear array detectors to image the vertical limb radiance over an altitude range of approximately 100 km. The IRI observes both scattered sunlight and the airglow emissions from the oxygen infrared atmospheric band at 1.27 mum and the OH (3-1) Meinel band at 1.53 mum. A tomographic inversion technique is used with a series of these vertical images to derive the two-dimensional distribution of the emissions within the orbit plane.
Alternatives to Certification

Certification of professionals is a common practice in many industries, but there are alternatives to address the issue that certification of translators and interpreters aims to resolve (the lack of ability of most buyers to directly assess the quality of the translation or interpreting product or to ensure quality up front). This commentary discusses four options and their relationship to certification: academic credentialing, organization-specific testing of translators, tiered pricing models based upon quality, and signing of translations. These alternatives address the same fundamental problem, and it will be seen that they may be broadly compatible even though, to some extent, they address different market needs. In addition, they can be implemented in tandem to promote development of the translation and interpreting industry and improve quality.
Activation of the NF kappa B Pathway Enhances AhR Expression in Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Induction: Fostering Career Development at All Stages

This is a useful book for policy makers, local authority staff, head teachers and teaching unions. It helps to identity some of the gaps in current policy and practice in teacher induction in Scotland. It sets out examples of comprehensive programmes of induction for new teachers to which we can aspire. It shows in what ways the Scottish system of teacher induction fares well in an international comparison and where it is lacking, for example in the area of training for mentors. In the first chapter “What is induction for? ” Draper and O’Brien introduce not only induction for new or beginning teachers but also the concept of induction for all teachers who are changing roles, whether in a new school or not.
Prognostic determination using optical coherence tomography compared with visual functions in optic neuritis

Background: The majority of optic neuritis patients often notice improvement and gain stability of their visual functions, however, evidences of ongoing retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning have been reported. Purposes: To investigate the correlation between RNFL thickness measured with Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual function tests and to determine the utility of OCT in visual prognostic assessment of optic neuritis. Method: A prospective study was performed in 12 patients with acute isolated optic neuritis. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Swedish interactive threshold algorithms (SITA) 30-2 strategy on Humphrey field analyzer, and fast RNFL thickness analysis were performed on both affected and fellow eyes at baseline, 1.5, three and six months. Results: Mean BCVA and average mean deviation (MD) of the affected eye were significantly different from the fellow eyes at baseline. Affected eyes had significant thinner of RNFL at baseline, 1.5, three, and six months. Significant correlations between (i) mean RNFL thickness and BCVA at 1.5 ( r = 0.707, p = .010), (ii) mean RNFL thickness and MD at 1.5 months ( r = 0.674, p = .016) and six months( r = 0.710, p = .032), (iii) mean RNFL thickness at 1.5 months and MD at six months ( r = 0.782, p = .013). Conclusion: A correlation between RNFL thickness and visual function tests indicates that OCT might have roles in detection and prediction of RNFL damage in Optic neuritis (ON) patients despite no evidence of MS.
The Transradial Approach for Cardiac Catheterization and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Review

Cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention play an important role in the management of coronary artery disease. Although the transfemoral approach has been the traditionally dominant method, there has been an increased utilization of the transradial approach. Multiple observational studies and randomized clinical trials have shown fewer bleeding complications, reduced morbidity and mortality, improved quality of life, and better economic outcomes when the transradial approach is utilized when compared to the transfemoral approach. Despite its many benefi ts, utilization of this approach in certain countries including the United States has been less than optimal due to a lower adoption rates mostly driven by lack of training opportunities and decreased awareness of clinical benefi ts of the transradial approach. In this review, the history, observational trends, effi cacy, and technical aspects of transradial cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention are discussed.
Síntese em uma etapa e microestrutura de compósitos CuO-SDC

An in situ one step synthesis route based on the polymeric precursor method was used to produce dual phase CuO-samaria doped ceria (SDC) nanocomposite powders. This chemical route allowed to obtain composite powders with reduced particle size and uniform distribution of Cu, Ce and Sm elements. The particulate material was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement. CuO-SDC sintered in air between 950 to 1050 °C and subsequently reduced to Cu-SDC cermets were further characterized by XRD and scanning electron microscopy. The open porosity was measured using the Archimedes’ principle. Suitable microstructures for both charge transfer and mass transport processes (30 to 45% porosity) were attained in Cu-SDC cermets previously fired at 1000 to 1050 °C. Overall results indicated that CuO-SDC composites and Cu-SDC cermets with potential application as anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be obtained by microstructural design. An anode supported half-cell was prepared by co-pressing and co-firing gadolinia doped ceria (CGO) and the herein synthesized CuO-SDC nanocomposite powder.
THE AUTOMORPHISM GROUP OF THE FREE ALGEBRA OF RANK TWO

The theorem of Czerniakiewicz and Makar-Limanov, that all the automorphisms of a free algebra of rank two are tame is proved here by showing that the group of these automorphisms is the free product of two groups (amalgamating their intersection), the group of all affine automor- phisms and the group of all triangular automorphisms. The method consists in finding a bipolar structure. As a consequence every finite subgroup of au- tomorphisms (in characteristic zero) is shown to be conjugate to a group of linear automorphisms.
Mass constraints on substellar companion candidates from the re-reduced Hipparcos intermediate astrometric data: nine confirmed planets and two confirmed brown dwarfs

Context. The recently completed re-reduction of the Hipparcos data by van Leeuwen (2007a, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 350) makes it possible to search for the astrometric signatures of planets and brown dwarfs known from radial velocity surveys in the improved Hipparcos intermediate astrometric data. Aims. Our aim is to put more significant constraints on the orbital parameters which cannot be derived from radial velocities alone, i.e. the inclination and the longitude of the ascending node, than was possible before. The determination of the inclination in particular allows to calculate an unambiguous companion mass, rather than the lower mass limit which can be obtained from radial velocity measurements. Methods. We fitted the astrometric orbits of 310 substellar companions around 258 stars, which were all discovered via the radial velocity method, to the Hipparcos intermediate astrometric data provided by van Leeuwen. Results. Even though the astrometric signatures of the companions cannot be detected in most cases, the Hipparcos data still provide lower limits on the inclination for all but 67 of the investigated companions, which translates into upper limits on the masses of the unseen companions. For nine companions the derived upper mass limit lies in the planetary and for 75 companions in the brown dwarf mass regime, proving the substellar nature of those objects. Two of those objects have minimum masses also in the brown dwarf regime and are thus proven to be brown dwarfs. The confirmed planets are the ones around Pollux (β Gem b), � Eri b, � Ret b, μ Ara b, υ And c and d, 47 UMa b, HD 10647 b and HD 147513 b. The confirmed brown dwarfs are HD 137510 b and HD 168443 c. In 20 cases, the astrometric signature of the substellar companion was detected in the Hipparcos data, resulting in reasonable constraints on inclination and ascending node. Of these 20 companions, three are confirmed as planets or lightweight brown dwarfs (HD 87833 b, ι Dra b, and γ Cep b), two as brown dwarfs (HD 106252 b and HD 168443 b), and four are low-mass stars (BD –04 782 b, HD 112758 b, ρ CrB b,
Role of pathologist in driver of treatment of CNS tumours

The incidence of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors is gradually increasing. Furthermore, metastatic neoplasms are frequently seen in neuropathology practice as a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Pathologists try to reach a more accurate diagnosis by mentally filtering a synthesis, comprising age, radiological characteristics and microscopic findings in the sample sent, starting already from the intraoperative diagnosis process. By displaying their skills, they unveil whether a lesion in the brain parenchyma is a normal or reactive tumor and if this is a tumor, is it primary or metastatic, and if it is primary, what is the tumor type or if it is metastatic, which organ could it be associated with. Pathologists use diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers in order to enable the patient receive the most effective and sufficient treatment. They ensure that an individualized treatment is provided via these tools, by making a histological diagnosis of the lesion according to the WHO classification, identifying the course of the disease and preventing undesired and dangerous complications. This chapter will focus on answering these questions and share the value of a multidiscipli‐ nary approach in the management of brain tumors in neurosciences, which is gradually increasing in importance, and how pathologists execute this art.
On the isotopic fingerprint exerted on carbonyl sulfide by the stratosphere

J. A. Schmidt, S. Hattori, N. Yoshida, S. Nanbu, M. S. Johnson, and R. Schinke Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Version The two-thirds society : Social fact of fiction ?

Social scientists and media commentators have expressed concern that Western countries are becoming "two-thirds societies" in which two-thirds enjoy the benefits of affluence, while one-third are locked into poverty or near-poverty. This paper, based on economic panel data, tests the two-thirds society hypothesis in the case of (West) Germany 1984-89. The main finding is that poverty (defined as receiving less than half of average net household equivalent income) is mostly short term and that nothing like one-third are locked into poverty On the other hand, far more people than had previously been thought are at risk of poverty. In 1984-89 only 3% were poor every year but about 25% were poor in at least one year. Germany appears to be a 75-1510 society: 75% not poor, 15% occasionally poor but with generally adequate incomes, and 10% frequently poor or near-poor with incomes that may be considered inadequate. Analysis is based on the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) and relates to the 8,000 people who were interviewed each year from 1984 to 1989. There has been much discussion in sociology, political science and the media about the possible development in the West of "two-thirds societies". The concept of the two-thirds society is that, as economic growth has continued for most of the 1970s and 1980s, most people have become materially better-off. However, unemployment has remained persistently high in most countries and this may have led to a Situation in which a significant part of the Community perhaps up to a third has been "forgotten", has not been able to enjoy the benefits of mainstream society, and has been locked into poverty or nearpoverty. Germany provides an appropriate test case to assess Claims about the twothirds society. It is one of the richer countires of Western Europe and during the 1980s enjoyed reasonable but not exceptional rates of economic growth. But, as in most countries, unemployment remained above 5 percent for most of the decade. Clearly, too, Germany may be regarded as a modern welfare State in which substantial policy efforts are made to counteract poverty. It is a country in which, according to the Luxembourg Income Study, income inequality is about average for the West (Buhmann, Rainwater, Schmaus and Smeeding, 1988).
Memristive Systems Based on Two-Dimensional Materials

The unique electronic and optical properties of newly discovered 2D crystals such as graphene, graphene oxide, molybdenum disulfide, and so on demonstrate the tremen dous potential in creating ultrahigh-density nano- and bioelectronics for innovative image recognition systems, storage and processing of big data. A new type of memristors with a floating photogate based on biocompatible graphene and other 2D crystals with extremely low power consumption and footprint is considered. The photocatalytic oxidation of graphene is proposed as an effective method of creating synapse-like 2D memris - tive devices with photoresistive switching for nonvolatile electronic memory of ultrahigh density. Particular attention is paid to the new concept of the formation of self-assembled nanoscale memristive elements interfacing artificial electronic neural networks. 2D pho tomemristors with a floating photogate exhibit multiple states controlled in a wide range of electromagnetic radiation and can be used for neuromorphic computations, pattern recognition and image processing needed to create artificial intelligence.