Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Bougie-Assisted Intubation with Traditional Endotracheal Intubation in a Simulated Difficult Airway

Abstract Objective. To compare the success and ease of bougie-assisted intubation (BAI) with those of traditional endotracheal intubation (ETI) in a simulated difficult airway (20.4 seconds for BAI vs. 16.7 seconds for ETI, p == 0.102). Methods. This was a prospective, randomized, crossover, single-blind study comparing BAI with ETI in a simulated difficult airway. The 35 participants included paramedics, flight nurses, and emergency medicine resident physicians. Participants were already experienced in ETI and received a brief demonstration of BAI. A simulated difficult airway was created using a Laerdal adult intubation manikin. Cervical motion was mechanically limited to provide a grade III Cormack and Lehane glottic view. Participants performed ETI and BAI in randomized order. Successful placement in the trachea and time to successful placement were recorded for both techniques by each participant. After intubating the manikin with both techniques, each participant was asked to complete a Likert-style survey assessing ease of each technique. Results. Of the 35 participants, 27 were successful with both techniques and two failed with both techniques. The remaining six participants all failed at ETI but were able to intubate using BAI. There was significantly greater success in intubating the simulated difficult airway with BAI than with ETI (94%% vs. 77%%, p == 0.0313). The order of techniques attempted did not influence this conclusion. There was no difference in average time to successful intubation (20.4 seconds for BAI vs. 16.7 seconds for ETI, p == 0.102). Thirty-two (91.4%%) of the participants completed the survey regarding ease of performing each technique. Forty-one percent rated the ease of intubation as the same for the two methods, 50%% rated BAI as easier, and 9%% rated ETI as easier (p == 0.0006). Conclusion. In a simulated difficult airway, BAI has a higher success rate than traditional ETI without increasing the time to successful intubation. Intubators perceive BAI as being easier to perform than traditional ETI in this simulated difficult airway scenario.
The Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Activity

Autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system both in ensuring optimal function during various activities in healthy individuals and also in mediating several of the manifestations of cardiac diseases [Task Force, 1996]. This system is responsible for rapid regulation of cardiac rhythm and function in order to match cardiac output with the body need during various exogenic stimuli, as exercise. Therefore, sympathetic outflow to the heart and withdrawal of the parasympathetic system activity underlie the cardiovascular system's first response to exercise, an increase in heart rate. In the short term, activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a compensatory protective mechanism. However, chronic activation of sympathetic nervous system has been shown to produce adverse effects on the myocardium and the peripheral circulation, and these effects are believed to contribute to cardiac and vascular structural alterations, that may advance disease progression [Makikallio et al., 2001].
Midbrain raphe 5-HT1A receptor activation alters the effects of ghrelin on appetite and performance in the elevated plus maze

Prior research suggests that midbrain serotonergic signaling and hypothalamic ghrelinergic signaling both play critical roles in appetitive and emotional behaviors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of median raphe nucleus (MRN) somatodentritic 5-HT1A receptor activation on the feeding-stimulant and anxiogenic action of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) ghrelin. In an initial experiment, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either ghrelin (200–800 pmol) into the PVN or 8-OH-DPAT (2.5–10 nmol), a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, into the MRN. Performance on the elevated plus maze (EPM) was then assessed. In separate rats, MRN 8-OH-DPAT (2.5–5 nmol) was administered 5 min prior to PVN injection of ghrelin (400 pmol) followed by EPM testing. The orexigenic effects of MRN 8-OH-DPAT (0.1–1.6 nmol) paired with PVN ghrelin (50 pmol) were also examined. When administered alone into the PVN, ghrelin significantly decreased the number of entries and time spent in the open arms of the EPM. This anxiogenic effect was blocked if rats were allowed to eat immediately after ghrelin administration and then tested in the plus maze. MRN injections of 8-OH-DPAT were anxiolytic, and when rats were pretreated with 8-OH-DPAT prior to ghrelin, the anxiogenic action of the peptide was attenuated. In contrast, MRN administration of 8-OH-DPAT potentiated the eating-stimulant effect of PVN ghrelin. Overall, our findings demonstrate that ghrelinergic and serotonergic circuits interact in the neural control of eating and anxiety-like behaviors, with 5-HT1A receptor mechanisms potentiating the orexigenic action of ghrelin while inhibiting ghrelin-induced anxiogenesis as measured via the EPM.
Enterococcal Endocarditis and Penicillin Allergy

LZ, a 77-year-old white male with a past history of hypertension, a grade II/VI systolic heart murmur, compensated congestive heart failure, thalassemia, and mild renal insufficiency (serum creatinine ranging from 1.3 to 1.8 mg/dl), was admitted for evaluation and management of recurrent enterococcal bacteremia. Six weeks earlier, cystoscopy, a retropubic prostatectomy and removal of bladder calculi were performed. At that time LZ received gentamicin intramuscularly for routine preoperative prophylaxis. On the eleventh postoperative day his temperature rose to 39°C. Blood, urine, and the operative wound were cultured: all revealed enterococcus, sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, and the aminoglycoside antibiotics. Initially, this patient was treated with intravenous cefoxitin and amikacin, and defervesced. Five days later these antibiotics were discontinued and oral erythromycin was administered (ampicillin was not started because of a remote history of a rash associated with penicillin therapy). Subsequent blood cultures again contained enterococcus. The allergy and infectious disease services were consulted for recommendations about further antibiotic therapy. During cutaneous testing to penicillin antigens, the patient demonstrated a positive reaction to the major determinant (penicilloyl polylysine) and an equivocal reaction to the minor determinant (aged penicillin). These results were interpreted as indicating a 50% to 65% risk of allergic reaction if penicillin or its derivatives were to be administered without desensitization. Therefore, vancomycin was recommended, and he received one dose. The infectious disease consultant was the first to raise the possibility of endocarditis to explain the persistent bac-
Juegos como elemento docente en un entorno TIC

Thanks to the variety of games that exist and the development of ICT, we can create new forms of educational content. The interest resulting from an activity as creative and stimulating as playing can help change the effectiveness of education at any age. Palabras clave: Juegos, inteligencia, evolución, sociedad, educación, historia, gamificación.
Sulfates in Martian Layered Terrains: The OMEGA/Mars Express View

The OMEGA/Mars Express hyperspectral imager identified hydrated sulfates on light-toned layered terrains on Mars. Outcrops in Valles Marineris, Margaritifer Sinus, and Terra Meridiani show evidence for kieserite, gypsum, and polyhydrated sulfates. This identification has its basis in vibrational absorptions between 1.3 and 2.5 micrometers. These minerals constitute direct records of the past aqueous activity on Mars.
Donor B Cells in Transplants Augment Clonal Expansion and Survival of Pathogenic CD4+ T Cells That Mediate Autoimmune-like Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease

We reported that both donor CD4+ T and B cells in transplants were required for induction of an autoimmune-like chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in a murine model of DBA/2 donor to BALB/c recipient, but mechanisms whereby donor B cells augment cGVHD pathogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we report that, although donor B cells have little impact on acute GVHD severity, they play an important role in augmenting the persistence of tissue damage in the acute and chronic GVHD overlapping target organs (i.e., skin and lung); they also markedly augment damage in a prototypical cGVHD target organ, the salivary gland. During cGVHD pathogenesis, donor B cells are activated by donor CD4+ T cells to upregulate MHC II and costimulatory molecules. Acting as efficient APCs, donor B cells augment donor CD4+ T clonal expansion, autoreactivity, IL-7Rα expression, and survival. These qualitative changes markedly augment donor CD4+ T cells’ capacity in mediating autoimmune-like cGVHD, so that they mediate disease in the absence of donor B cells in secondary recipients. Therefore, a major mechanism whereby donor B cells augment cGVHD is through augmenting the clonal expansion, differentiation, and survival of pathogenic CD4+ T cells.
ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS, WORK LIFE BALANCE AND EMPLOYEES’ EFFICIENCY: EVIDENCE FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA’S (BiH) IT SECTOR

Today’s business environment is more dynamic due to vast technological growth. This growth is most visible in the IT industry. Efficiency, together with work-life balance, is found to be one of the most important factors of success at workplace. Positive impacts of work-life balance include: retention of employees towards their employer, better motivation, and increased efficiency due to an increased employee satisfaction. Recent literature findings show a direct positive relationship between efficiency and work-life balance. Flexible work arrangements have positive impact on work-life balance and efficiency. This study analyzes the impact of flexible work arrangements on employees’ work-life balance and efficiency, using a nonrandom convenience sample selected from BiH’s IT employees. In the initial phase of data collection, quantitative survey instrument was adopted based on the original one from Mount Holyoke University. It was translated and back translated from English to Bosnian and again back to English and then verified as the part of pilot testing on 40 IT employees. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional time manner in the period June-July 2016. A modified, 18 questions, primary quantitative survey instrument with a 5-point Likert scale was conducted on 503 Bosnian IT employees. Fourteen questions covered inferential and last four descriptive statistics. The study aims to test if there is a significant relationship between flexible work arrangements, worklife balance, and employee efficiency with respect to their gender, age, time they travel to work and their children status. The results indicate that flexible work time and location can have a positive impact on employee work life balance and this opinion is shared by all the employees surveyed. Although 64.80% of participants stated that their work life is balanced with their personal life, there is always place for improvement. Participants agree that better work life balance, caused by flexible work time and flexible work location, will improve their efficiency and reduce stress.
Womens Needs Related to Family Planning: Meta-Synthesis

To understand women´s needs related to the care in family planning, we conducted a meta-synthesis based on Noblit and Hare´s meta-ethnography. Nine studies were included in this review. Five themes were identified: sociocultural access, geographical access, economic access, organizational access and quality of care. A "line of argument" synthesis was produced with six constructs: sociocultural context, accessibility, availability, functional adequacy, ability of purchasing, technical and relational adequacy. The needs relating to family planning was understood to multiple dimensions of access to health services. The most relevant aspects were: financial condition, gender and religion related as determinants of reproductive decisions; health resources inadequacy; concerns with side effects; unsatisfactory interpersonal relations; lack of information and counseling; difficulties for male access. To overcome the distance between recommended care and provided care at the services it is indispensable organization of actions committed to gender equality, considering objective and subjective aspects to the care in family planning.
Naturally occurring canine herpesvirus infection in Japan.

Clinical, pathological and virological examinations were carried out on naturally occurring cases of canine herpesvirus (CHV) infection. The first clinical sign observed was diarrhea, followed by anorexia, vomiting, serous nasal discharge and dyspnea. Some puppies had continual crying, abdominal pain and incoordination. The charactetistit lesions of CHV infection consisted of disseminated focal necrosis, hemorrhages and the appearance of intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in many organs and tissues. Furthermore, characteristic herpesvirus particles were detected by electron microscopy in the typical intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions found in occasional hepatic cells. Herpesvirus was isolated from the various organs of eight affected puppies. The isolate (GCH-1), which was propagated in DK cells, was similar to other herpesviruses in physicochemical and morphological characteristics, and was immunologically related to the known CHV strains. The GCH-1 strain, following inoculation into susceptible puppies, produced the typical clinical signs and lesions that were found in the natural case. In a serological survey, neutralizing antibodies against the virus were not found in 130 sera obtained from local mongrel dogs in the Aichi and Gifu prefectures. This paper reports the first naturally-occurring outbreak of CHV infection of neonatal puppies in Japan.
Controle direct du couple des actionneurs synchrones

Le controle direct de couple, premierement propose pour les machines asynchrones, peut etre utilise pour toutes les machines a courants alternatifs. L'interet essentiel du controle direct de couple est sa structure tres simple, la commande sans capteur et sa robustesse vis a vis des variations des parametres de la machine. Dans ce travail, nous avons etudie l'application du controle direct de couple pour differents type de machines synchrones comme la machine a aimants permanents, la machine a reluctance variable et la machine a inducteur, tout en gardant la simplicite du systeme. Une methode de controle de courant d'excitation, adapte au controle direct de couple, est proposee et ses performances ont ete etudiees. Le probleme de demarrage de differents types de machines synchrones a ete etudie et des solutions ont ete proposees. Un systeme experimental base sur une carte DSP a ete utilise pour valider les resultats de simulations
Temperature change does not affect force between regulated actin filaments and heavy meromyosin in single‐molecule experiments

The temperature dependence of sliding velocity, force and the number of cross‐bridges was studied on regulated actin filaments (reconstituted thin filaments) when they were placed on heavy meromyosin (HMM) attached to a glass surface. The regulated actin filaments were used because our previous study on muscle fibres demonstrated that the temperature effect was much reduced in the absence of regulatory proteins. A fluorescently labelled thin filament was attached to the gelsolin‐coated surface of a polystyrene bead. The bead was trapped by optical tweezers, and HMM–thin filament interaction was performed at 20–35°C to study the temperature dependence of force at the single‐molecule level. Our experiments showed that there was a small increase in force with temperature (Q10= 1.43) and sliding velocity (Q10= 1.46). The small increase in force was correlated with the small increase in the number of cross‐bridges (Q10= 1.49), and when force was divided by the number of cross‐bridges, the result did not depend on the temperature (Q10= 1.03). These results demonstrate that the force each cross‐bridge generates is fixed and independent of temperature. Our additional experiments demonstrate that tropomyosin (Tm) in the presence of troponin (Tn) and Ca2+ enhances both force and velocity, and a truncated mutant, Δ23Tm, diminishes force and velocity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Tm in the presence of Tn and Ca2+ exerts a positive allosteric effect on actin to make actomyosin linkage more secure so that larger forces can be generated.
Abel's Proof: An Essay on the Sources and Meaning of Mathematical Unsolvability

In 1824 a young Norwegian named Niels Henrik Abel proved conclusively that algebraic equations of the fifth order are not solvable in radicals. In this book Peter Pesic shows what an important event this was in the history of thought. He also presents it as a remarkable human story. Abel was twenty-one when he self-published his proof, and he died five years later, poor and depressed, just before the proof started to receive wide acclaim. Abel's attempts to reach out to the mathematical elite of the day had been spurned, and he was unable to find a position that would allow him to work in peace and marry his fiance. But Pesic's story begins long before Abel and continues to the present day, for Abel's proof changed how we think about mathematics and its relation to the "real" world. Starting with the Greeks, who invented the idea of mathematical proof, Pesic shows how mathematics found its sources in the real world (the shapes of things, the accounting needs of merchants) and then reached beyond those sources toward something more universal. The Pythagoreans' attempts to deal with irrational numbers foreshadowed the slow emergence of abstract mathematics. Pesic focuses on the contested development of algebra--which even Newton resisted--and the gradual acceptance of the usefulness and perhaps even beauty of abstractions that seem to invoke realities with dimensions outside human experience. Pesic tells this story as a history of ideas, with mathematical details incorporated in boxes. The book also includes a new annotated translation of Abel's original proof.
The dynamics of QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube conversion and reversion in a cohort of South African adolescents.

RATIONALE Interferon-γ release assays are used to diagnose tuberculosis infection. In developed countries, high rates of reversion following conversion have been described. OBJECTIVES To assess QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT) conversion and reversion dynamics in a tuberculosis-endemic setting. METHODS Adolescents aged 12-18 years residing near Cape Town were recruited. Tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) and QFTs were performed at baseline and after 2 years of follow up. Half of the participants had TST and QFT performed at additional time points. Participants were observed for incident tuberculosis disease for up to 5 years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among 5,357 participants, 2,751 (51.4%) and 2,987 (55.8%) had positive QFT and TST results, respectively, at baseline. Annualized QFT and TST conversion risks were 14.0 and 13.0%, respectively, and reversion risks were 5.1 and 4.1%, respectively. Concordance was excellent for conversions (κ = 0.74), but poor for reversions (κ = 0.12). Among recent QFT converters, the magnitude of the QFT value was strongly inversely associated with risk of reversion (P < 0.0001). When longitudinal QFT data were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner, the annual risk of infection was 7.3%, whereas inclusion of reversions in the analysis showed that the actual risk of infection was 14.0%. Incident tuberculosis was 8-fold higher among QFT reverters than in participants with all negative QFT results (1.47 vs. 0.18 cases/100 person-years, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS In this tuberculosis-endemic setting, annual risk of infection was extremely high, whereas QFT and TST conversion concordance was higher and QFT reversion rates were lower than reported in low-burden settings.
The portfolio diversification between stock exchanges : analyzing relationship between Turkey and five OECD countries

Jel Sınıflandırması G11, G15. Özet Bilindiği üzere porföy teorisi finansın temel yapı taşlarının başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye ve bazı OECD ülke (Avusturya, Belçika, Hollanda, İsviçre, Meksika) borsalarının entegrasyonunu analiz etmek amacıyla ikiden fazla yapısal kırılmaya izin veren Maki (2012) eşbütünleşme testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca serilerin durağanlık mertebelerinin tespitinde yine ikiden fazla kırılmaya izin veren ve yapısal kırılmaları içsel olarak belirleyen Carrion-i Sylvestre (2009) birim kök testi kullanılmıştır. 1990-2013 dönemine ilişkin aylık verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre yatırımcıların Borsa İstanbul ile birlikte yalnızca Hollanda borsasına yatırım yapmak suretiyle portföy çeşitlendirmesi yapabilecekleri saptanmıştır. Bu sayede yatırımcılar riskini minimize edebilecektir.
Methadone‐Related Opioid Agonist Pharmacotherapy for Heroin Addiction: History, Recent Molecular and Neurochemical Research and Future in Mainstream Medicine

Abstract: In 1963, Professor Vincent P. Dole at the Rockefeller University formed a small team to develop a pharmacotherapy for the management of heroin addiction. They hypothesized that heroin addiction is a disease of the brain with behavioral manifestations, and not merely a personality disorder or criminal behavior and began to address the specific question of whether a long‐acting opioid agonist could be used in the long‐term maintenance treatment of heroin addiction. Over the next 35 years, many studies documented the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of methadone pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction, but Federal regulations and stigmatization of heroin addiction prevented implementation of treatment. Finally, in 1999, NIH published a report unequivocally supporting methadone maintenance pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction. Two other effective opioid agonist treatments have been developed: the even longer acting opioid agonist l‐alpha‐acetylmethadol (LAAM) has been approved for pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction, and still under study is the opioid partial agonist‐antagonist buprenorphine‐naloxone combination. A variety of studies, both laboratory based and clinical, have revealed the mechanisms of action of long‐acting opioid agonists in treatment, including prevention of disruption of molecular, cellular and physiologic events and, in fact, allowing normalization of those functions disrupted by chronic heroin use. Recent molecular biological studies have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human μ opioid receptor gene; the m opioid receptor is the site of action of heroin, the major opiate drug of abuse, analgesic agents such as morphine, and the major treatment agents for heroin addiction. These findings support the early hypotheses of our laboratory that addiction may be due to a combination of genetic, drug‐induced and environmental (including behavioral) factors and also, that atypical stress responsivity may contribute to the acquisition and persistence of, as well as relapse to, use of addictive drugs.