Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonenteric toxins of Staphylococcus aureus

INTRODUCTION . 320 STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME 322 Experimental Model 324 Association of the Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome with Exfoliative Toxin . 324 EXFOLIATIVE TOXIN 325 Production 325 Isolation and Purification . 326 Properties . 326 Genetic Regulation . 331 ALPHA-TOXIN . 337 Overview . 337 Properties . 338 Interrelation in Disease 342 Genetic Regulation . 342 BETA-TOXIN . 343 Overview 343 Properties . 343 DELTA-TOXIN 345 Properties . 345 Interrelation in Disease . 347 GAMMA-TOXIN 347 Overview 347 Properties . 348 LEUCOCIDIN . 349 Overview 349 Interrelation in Disease . 350 Properties . 350 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 352 LITERATURE CITED . 353
Matrix Vesicles in Atherosclerotic Calcification 1

Abstract Matrix vesicles, small extracellular membranous structures, are known to be the initial loci of calcification of cartilage, bone, and dentin. Calcification is an important complication of atherosclerosis. Using histologic, ultrastructural, and cytochemical techniques, the present study has demonstrated that matrix vesicle-like structures are involved in the calcification of atherosclerotic lesions, as well as in arterial medial calcification. In aortas from autopsied humans and from rabbits and chickens on atherogenic diets, the matrix vesicles appear to be derived from intimal and medial cellular components, mainly smooth muscle cells.
Q-Learning Multi-Objective Sequential Optimal Sensor Parameter Weights

The goal of our solution is to deliver trustworthy decision making analysis tools which evaluate situations and potential impacts of such decisions through acquired information and add efficiency for continuing mission operations and analyst information. We discuss the use of cooperation in modeling and simulation and show quantitative results for design choices to resource allocation. The key contribution of our paper is to combine remote sensing decision making with Nash Equilibrium for sensor parameter weighting optimization. By calculating all Nash Equilibrium possibilities per period, optimization of sensor allocation is achieved for overall higher system efficiency. Our tool provides insight into what are the most important or optimal weights for sensor parameters and can be used to efficiently tune those weights.
Changes in Social Network Diversity and Perceived Social Support After Psychiatric Hospitalization: Results From a Longitudinal Study

Background: There is a large empirical basis for the importance of social networks and support for people with a mental illness. However, only a few studies have eXamined the predictors, changes and correlations of these constructs within a longitudinal framework. Aim: To analyze changes in social network diversity as measured by the number of social roles and perceived social support over the course of three years after a psychiatric hospitalization while controlling for sociodemographic and clinical variables. A further aim was to inquire whether some social roles are perceived as being more supportive than others. Method: Random coefficient models were applied to the data of a longitudinal study on the life circumstances of people with affective disorders or schizophrenia (N = 183). Results: The majority of participants had relatives, friends and co-workers, while a markedly smaller proportion had a spouse/partner or children. Social network diversity increased during the time period observed while the perception of social support did not change. Being male, without a job (competitive or sheltered), or having a low income predicted less diverse networks. Partners and friends were perceived as most supportive. Persons without a close friendship perceived less overall support, but only at baseline (hospitalization), while persons with a job on the competitive labor market felt better supported. Conclusions: Social disintegration in the course of mental illness that is found in some studies has no equivalent in our study in what concerns network diversity and perceived support. According to our results, characteristics of vocational and economic integration are of much greater relevance, as they enhance or hinder access to social participation.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 5A stimulates protein synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Within the field of eukaryotic protein synthesis, one factor remained putative for decades: eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 5A. Because eIF5A is an essential protein required for cell proliferation, and one easily targeted by inhibitors, identifying its role in the cell remains important and urgent. Recent reports support early findings that eIF5A stimulates protein synthesis and newly assign the factor a role in elongation rather than initiation. Here we show that eIF5A directly stimulates protein synthesis on native mRNAs, that rapid depletion of eIF5A in vivo immediately leads to a 2-fold inhibition of protein synthesis, and that both the immediate and lasting effects of eIF5A depletion are a reduction in polysome size concomitant with eIF5A depletion. Addition of purified eIF5A to a depleted lysate results in a roughly 2-fold stimulation of protein synthesis in vitro, a result consistent with both older methionyl–puromycin synthesis data and more recently published findings. We find that although eIF5A is not required for protein synthesis, it stimulates the process by about 2- to 3-fold. Our data, along with other published results, reinforce the conclusion that eIF5A stimulates protein synthesis with one important difference: Polysome profiles observed immediately after eIF5A depletion are diagnostic for a role in initiation. This discrepancy is discussed.
Příspěvek konvenční nukleární medicíny k diagnostice komplikací karcinomu prsu. Biopsie sentinelové uzliny a hybridní zobrazení.

Rostouci výskyt rakoviny prsu po celem světě zvysuje význam zobrazovacich metod konvencni nuklearni mediciny pro stratifikaci nemoci po vcasnem zjistěni tumoru a pro nasledne sledovani vývoje nemoci. Metoda biopsie sentinelových uzlin (SLNB) byla vyvinuta pro detekci metastatickeho postiženi regionalnich miznich uzlin. Podle mistnich podminek je ale nutna optimalizace zejmena lymfoscintigraficke casti SLNB pro dosaženi maximalni klinicke výtěžnosti a přesnosti metody. V oblasti zobrazovacich technik konvencni nuklearni mediciny je hybridni SPECT/CT dnes sice siroce dostupna modalita ale jeji diagnostický potencial pro stratifikaci pacientů s karcinomem prsu neni jestě plně využit. Prace ma dvě hlavni casti. Prvni cast je zaměřena na porovnani různých modifikaci lymfoscintigrafie pro SLNB, na problematiku implementace lymfoscintigrafie s periareolarni aplikaci radiofarmak do klinicke praxe, na hodnoceni efektivity a významu SLNB a nasledne terapie karcinomu prsu v nemocnicich v CR. Prace se zabýva i prognozou pacientů s rakovinou prsu s metastatickým postiženim sentinelových uzlin zjistěných při SLNB. V casti prace týkajici se hybridniho zobrazovani bylo hlavnim cilem zhodnoceni rostouciho významu nove generace SPECT/CT v detekci kostnich metastaz, problematika implementace hybridniho zobrazovani SPECT/CT do vysetřovaciho algoritmu zkoumani kostnich lezi u pacientů s rakovinou prsu a zhodnoceni přinosu hybridniho zobrazovani SPECT/CT pro diferencialni diagnostiku pacientů s plicni přiznaky, se zřetelem na skupinu pacientů s karcinomem prsu. Výsledkem prace je ověřeni přinosu dnes již uznavane modifikace biopsie sentinelových uzlin s periareolarni aplikaci radiofarmak v klinicke praxi. Chirurgický výkon vedený podle výsledků biopsie sentinelových uzlin s periareolarni aplikaci radiofarmak a v kombinaci s radioterapii u pacientů s rakovinou prsu se ukazal jako velmi efektivni, s dobrou lokoregionalni kontrolou onemocněni. Bylo ukazano, že uvedena metoda SLNB spolu se standardnim terapeutickým protokolem poskytuje dobre celkove výsledky lecby. V casti hybridniho zobrazovani byl dokumentovan přinos SPECT/CT pro detekci kostniho a plicniho postiženi u pacientů s karcinomem prsu s významným dopadem na terapii. Bylo ukazano, že vývoj nove generace hybridnich SPECT/CT systemů a jejich zavedeni do praxe měni dřive zavedene diagnosticke algoritmy.
Application of rRNA-based probes for observing marine nanoplanktonic protists

The use of small-subunit rRNA-based oligonucleotides as probes for detecting marine nanoplanktonic protists was examined with a ciliate (an Uronema sp.), a flagellate (a Cafeteria sp.), and mixed assemblages of protists from enrichment cultures and natural seawater samples. Flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy analyses demonstrated that hybridizations employing fluorescein-labeled, eukaryote-specific probes intensely stained logarithmically growing protists, whereas these same protist strains in late stationary growth were barely detectable. The fluorescence intensity due to probe binding was significantly enhanced by the use of probes end labeled with biotin, which were detected by fluorescein-labeled avidin. The degree of signal amplification ranged from two- to fivefold for cultured protists in both logarithmic and stationary growth phases. Mixed assemblages of heterotrophic protists from enrichment cultures were also intensely labeled by rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes by the biotin-avidin detection system. Protists in late stationary growth phase and natural assemblages of protists that were otherwise undetectable when hybridized with fluorescein-labeled probes were easily visualized by this approach. In the latter samples, hybridization with multiple, biotin-labeled probes was necessary for detection of naturally occurring marine protists by epifluorescence microscopy. The signal amplification obtained with the biotin-avidin system should increase the utility of rRNA-targeted probes for identifying protists and facilitate characterization of the population structure and distribution of protists in aquatic environments.
Students' description of factors contributing to a meaningful clinical experience in entry-level physical therapist professional education.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify student, clinical instructor (CI), and environmental characteristics and behaviors that make for positive clinical experiences as perceived by physical therapy students. PARTICIPANTS Nine third-year physical therapist students from entry-level physial therapist education programs around the United States participated in this study. METHODS In this phenomenologic study, participants were interviewed using open-ended questions designed to facilitate rich description. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, validated, and analyzed. RESULTS Themes were identified through collaborative analysis using constant comparative coding. Students described student, CI, and environmental factors and behaviors that contribute to a quality clinical experience, including: the students' demonstration of initiative to prepare for the clinical experience and preparation after clinic hours; the importance of the CI's insight, allowing CIs to ascertain how much guidance to give in order to foster independence in the student; and the clinical environment's ability to welcome a student and provide the student with novel learning experiences. CONCLUSION The student descriptions, including positive and negative examples shared by the interviewees, demonstrate essential characteristics that contribute to a positive clinical experience. Many of the factors identified by students can be influenced by student and CI training and preparation prior to the clinical experience.
Efficient Sample Delay Calculation for 2-D and 3-D Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound imaging is a reference medical diagnostic technique, thanks to its blend of versatility, effectiveness, and moderate cost. The core computation of all ultrasound imaging methods is based on simple formulae, except for those required to calculate acoustic propagation delays with high precision and throughput. Unfortunately, advanced three-dimensional (3-D) systems require the calculation or storage of billions of such delay values per frame, which is a challenge. In 2-D systems, this requirement can be four orders of magnitude lower, but efficient computation is still crucial in view of low-power implementations that can be battery-operated, enabling usage in numerous additional scenarios. In this paper, we explore two smart designs of the delay generation function. To quantify their hardware cost, we implement them on FPGA and study their footprint and performance. We evaluate how these architectures scale to different ultrasound applications, from a low-power 2-D system to a next-generation 3-D machine. When using numerical approximations, we demonstrate the ability to generate delay values with sufficient throughput to support 10 000-channel 3-D imaging at up to 30 fps while using 63% of a Virtex 7 FPGA, requiring 24 MB of external memory accessed at about 32 GB/s bandwidth. Alternatively, with similar FPGA occupation, we show an exact calculation method that reaches 24 fps on 1225-channel 3-D imaging and does not require external memory at all. Both designs can be scaled to use a negligible amount of resources for 2-D imaging in low-power applications and for ultrafast 2-D imaging at hundreds of frames per second.
Análisis de señales EEG para detección de eventos oculares,musculares y cognitivos

En este Trabajo de Fin de Master se presenta una investigacion a fondo de como funcionan los dispositivos electroencefalogramas portatiles, como el cerebro humano es dividido en zonas para la clasificacion de la informacion obtenida de los electroencefalogramas, que variaciones son capaces de medir y como se puede tratar esta informacion para llegar a construir una interfaz cerebro-ordenador. Para ello se estudian los dispositivos EEG portatiles mas utilizados en el mercado durante los ultimos anos, asi como muchas de las investigaciones realizadas, que fueron orientadas al desarrollo de interfaces que permitan interpretar las ondas cerebrales para generar senales de control para dispositivos, o que permitan encontrar patrones que diferencien la actividad cerebral de individuos sanos de otros con enfermedades neurologicas. Se estudian los metodos matematicos que son la base de las principales tecnicas de descomposicion en tiempo y tiempo-frecuencia, dichas tecnicas se utilizan para extraer informacion de senales estocasticas que contienen mucho ruido como la generada por el EEG, para luego hacer un analisis de cada una y como se relacionan entre ellas, empezando por la transformada rapida de Fourier, que solo transforma al dominio de la frecuencia, por lo que solo obtiene informacion de la potencia de las frecuencias involucradas y como al buscar mejores resultados, da origen a procedimientos que extraen informacion mas completa como los wavelets de Morlet complejos y la transformada de Hilbert, que transforman la informacion al dominio del tiempo-frecuencia, por lo que es capaz de extraer informacion del espectro de potencia de la frecuencia y de como ocurre en el tiempo, el angulo de fase como indicador de calidad de los datos obtenidos y la misma onda original filtrada por la frecuencia estudiada. Gracias a la informacion que se adquiere de las tecnicas de procesamiento de senales mencionadas anteriormente se realizan una serie de pruebas, con la informacion cruda de sujetos sanos ante distintos estimulos, se ha desarrollado sobre eventos oculares debido a que son sencillos de extraer y son de gran utilidad de cara a utilizar estas detecciones para accionar mecanismos mediante software. Por otro lado se realizo un experimento bajo protocolo medico en conjunto con otros dos proyectos de la universidad, un exoesqueleto para rehabilitacion del miembro superior y otro de interpretacion de senales extraidas con EMG en hombro, biceps y triceps. Este ultimo experimento se utilizo para hacer un analisis comparativo entre las tecnicas estudiadas en este trabajo, con el objetivo de obtener ventajas e inconvenientes de utilizar dichos metodos, fortalezas de unos frente a otros, que tan fiable es la informacion extraida y como debe elegirse en funcion del experimento, para desarrollar a futuro una interfaz cerebro-ordenador, teniendo como base la investigacion desarrollada en este proyecto.
Untersuchungen zu dem Betriebsverhalten und den Betriebsgrenzen einer mehrstufigen Scramjet Brennkammer

Staustrahlantriebe stellen fur zukunftige Hyperschallfluggerate ein vielversprechendes Antriebskonzept dar. Im Rahmen des Graduiertenkollegs GRK 1095 beschaftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Untersuchung und der eindimensionalen Modellierung einer Scramjet Brennkammer. Im Fokus der Untersuchungen steht die Charakterisierung des Betriebsverhaltens sowie die Detektion der Betriebsgrenzen der Brennkammer. Zur eindimensionalen Betrachtung der reagierenden Uberschallstromung wird eine stromlinienbasierte Modellierungsmethode entwickelt und validiert.
Entropia estatística de sistemas abertos

Sistemas quânticos abertos, ou nao isolados, podem ser caracterizados a partir de uma entropia estatistica. A entropia e um conceito fundamental na fisica e usualmente e interpretada como falta de informacao a respeito do estado do sistema. O programa usual da fisica estatistica para sistemas nao isolados e propor um Hamiltoniano para o "Universo", descrito por uma distribuicao de Gibbs e aplicando uma abordagem do tipo "Sistema + Reservatorio", de onde podemos avaliar o operador densidade reduzido do sistema atraves de um processo de traco parcial. Outra maneira de obter o operador densidade seria obter a entropia de Von Neumann do sistema completo e a partir dela o operador densidade total pelo principio de maxima entropia para entao tomar o traco parcial com respeito as coordenadas do reservatorio. Por outro lado, podemos tentar obter esse operador densidade e as propriedades termodinâmicas do sistema diretamente do principio de maxima entropia Tal tarefa pode exigir o uso de outras formas de entropia nao necessariamente extensivas. Partindo de uma abordagem do tipo sistema + reservatorio, estudamos a entropia de uma particula Browniana acoplada com um reservatorio harmonico. Usando isso como o ponto de partida para a maximizacao de entropias dependentes de um parâmetro, busca-se uma correspondencia entre as constantes emergentes do nosso modelo e os parâmetros ajustaveis de algumas bem conhecidas entropias generalizadas a fim de determinar qual ansatz e mais apropriado para nosso sistema Abstract
A new filter bank theory for time-frequency representation

This paper presents a new formalism for the description of analysis/synthesis systems based on filter banks. Although this work was done in the context of speech coding systems, the results apply to a far broader class of problems. This new formalism has three specific advantages. First, it allows for the description of many different techniques and approaches with one unifying theory. Second, it enables the decoupling of the effects of the various distorting elements in the system design process, allowing each to be addressed separately. Finally, it allows for the relatively simple invention of entirely new techniques in such a way that the relationship of the new approaches to previously developed techniques is always clear.
Upregulation of IGF1, IGF1‐receptor, and late growth related genes in ventricular myocytes acutely after infarction in rats

To determine the effects of acute myocardial infarction on the expression of insulin‐like growth factor1 (IGF1) and insulin‐like growth factor1 receptors (IGF‐1R) on the surviving myocytes of the left and right ventricles, large infarcts were produced in rats and the animals sacrificed 2 days later. Hemodynamic measurements of left and right ventricular pressures, +dP/dt and ‐dP/dt, and central venous pressure documented that coronary occlusion was associated with a severe impairment of cardiac function. By employing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), a low level of expression of IGF‐1R mRNA was detected in myocytes from sham‐operated rats. Acute myocardial infarction was found to enhance by nearly twofold the message for IGF‐1R in viable myocytes biventricularly. Moreover, IGF1 mRNA increased 4.3‐fold and 9.4‐fold in left and right myocytes, respectively. In order to establish whether the upregulation of IGF1 and IGF‐1R with infarction was coupled with induction of late growth related genes, which are known to be implicated in DNA replication and mitotic division, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and histone‐H3 expression was assessed by Northern blot and RTPCR. The level of expression of PCNA mRNA was found to be increased 3.9‐fold and 2.4‐fold in left and right myocytes, respectively, from infarcted hearts. Corresponding increments in histone‐H3 mRNA were 25.5‐fold and 5.3‐fold, respectively. However, PCNA protein as detected by immunoperoxidase staining was restricted to a limited number of myocyte nuclei adjacent to the necrotic myocardium of the left ventricle. In conclusion, acute myocardial infarction is associated with enhanced expression of IGF1 and IGF‐1R on stressed myocytes, and this phenomenon may activate genes essential for DNA synthesis, possibly affecting myocyte growth. These processes may be fundamental for the reconstitution of tissue mass and amelioration of function after infarction. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Change in Need for Psychosocial Support for Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer

Abstract To simulate the longitudinal needs of patients treated for breast cancer, 2 groups of women were recruited. Patients within 6 months of diagnosis were considered in the “early” group and those 6–12 months after diagnosis were categorized as the “late” group. Participants were asked to identify effective and ineffective methods of psychosocial support and how those needs changed. Thirty-one women participated in the focus groups. Women in the early group identified problems related to their surgery and chemotherapy; those in the late group focused on symptoms associated with menopause. An exaggerated fear of disease recurrence and death were common to both groups. Most women found it difficult to strike a balance between wanting emotional support and wanting to be treated as “normal. ” The provision of concrete medical information in the form of pathology and laboratory reports and information from health care professionals provided comfort and control. Spouses and partners were helpful in providing tangible assistance with transportation and childcare while female friends were more likely to share emotions. Organized support groups were helpful to only 13%. Participants acknowledged a need to learn how to identify their psychosocial needs and to ask for support from friends and family. Medical information provided patients with a sense of control and comfort. Women with breast cancer need to identify effective sources of emotional support and should be taught how to communicate those needs to their families and friends.
afer-scale synthesis of graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its pplication in hydrogen sensing

Graphene with a large area was synthesized on Cu foils by chemical vapor deposition under ambient pressure. A 4′′ × 4′′ graphene film was transferred onto a 6′′ Si wafer with a thermally grown oxide film. eceived in revised form 8 June 2010 ccepted 30 June 2010 vailable online xxx
CD5-Mediated Negative Regulation of Antigen Receptor-Induced Growth Signals in B-1 B Cells

A subset of B lymphocytes present primarily in the peritoneal and pleural cavities is defined by the expression of CD5 and is elevated in autoimmune diseases. Upon signaling through membrane immunoglobulin M (mIgM), splenic B lymphocytes (B-2) proliferate, whereas peritoneal B cells (B-1) undergo apoptosis. However, in CD5-deficient mice, B-1 cells responded to mIgM crosslinking by developing a resistance to apoptosis and entering the cell cycle. In wild-type B-1 cells, prevention of association between CD5 and mIgM rescued their growth response to mIgM crosslinking. Thus the B cell receptor-mediated signaling is negatively regulated by CD5 in normal B-1 cells.