Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF YIELD, NUTRIENT SOLUTION CHANGES AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF GREENHOUSE TOMATO GROWN IN RECIRCULATING AND NON-RECIRCULATING NUTRIENT SOLUTION SYSTEMS

Studies were carried out in the years 2005–2007 with greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. ‘Emotion F1’ grown in rockwool with the recirculating and non-recirculating nutrient solution systems. No significant differences were found in yields of fruits in both systems. In the recirculating system there was more intensive accumulation of sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), and zinc (Zn) in the root environment. Leaves of tomato grown in the recirculating nutrient solution system showed a higher content of Ca, magnesium (Mg), and Zn. There were no differences in the contents of nitrates and nitrites in fruits. In the recirculating system, the following savings were recorded: 42.5% of water and (in%): 42.1 nitrogen (N)- ammonium (NH4), 56.0 N- nitrate (NO3), 31.4 phosphorus (P), 52.1 potassium (K), 63.5 Ca, 47.9 magnesium (Mg), 49.4 sulfur (S)- sulfate (SO4), 51.9 Cl, 50.9 iron (Fe), 47.9 Zn, 24.6 manganese (Mn), 53.3 copper (Cu) and 47.2 boron (B). A high effectiveness in decreasing of bacteria number in drain water by UV irradiation was found.
TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF TAUTOMYCIN

The first synthesis of the antifungal antibiotic tautomycin, a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor, has been achieved via aldol coupling of two large subunits, a right-hand C1-C21 ketone and a left-hand aldehyde (left from C22). The C1-C10 segment was synthesized through a remote stereochemical control process using a spiroketal template After joining with the C11-C18 segment, the spiroketal moiety was selectively constructed. Then the right-hand C1-C21 ketone was synthesized via Roush asymmetric crotylboration. The left-hand aldehyde was prepared by esterification of a C21-C26 segment and a dialkylmaleic anhydride segment. The C21-C26 segment was synthesized through a regioselective opening of an epoxy alcohol and the dialkylmaleic anhydride segment was through a diastereoselective olefination. Completely stereoselective assemblage of the two subunits, the right-hand and the left-hand, was achieved employing the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Further functional group manipulations including desilylation, oxidation at C2, and deprotection of tert-butyl ester with concomitant anhydride formation provided tautomycin which was identical with the natural product. As a preliminary study, derivatizations and degradation of the natural product were also examined to support the total synthesis.
Forwards-backwards hand velocity induced by the upper trunk rotation in front crawl strokes and its association with the stroke frequency

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the upper trunk rotation consisting of roll-pitch-yaw to hand velocity in the forwards-backwards direction during front crawl strokes and to investigate the association of forwards-backwards hand velocity induced by the upper trunk rotation with stroke frequencies. Fifteen skilled swimmers with retro-reflective markers performed front crawl strokes in a swimming pool where a motion capture system was set. Forwards-backwards hand velocity solely induced by the upper trunk rotation was determined during the performance. In the pull and push phases, 28% and 19% of the backward hand velocity was induced by the upper trunk rotation, respectively, while 19% of the forward hand velocity resulted from the upper trunk rotation in the recovery phase. The upper trunk rotation contributed to the forwards-backwards velocity as much as the elbow joint and was the second primary source of backward hand velocity in the pull phase. The forwards-backwards hand velocity created by the upper trunk rotation was associated with the stroke frequencies (r = 0.56, p < 0.05). The forwards-backwards hand velocity induced by the upper trunk would influence hand propulsion and stroke frequency so that a swimmer and coach should consider this performance-enhancing variable.
Low-dose decitabine for refractory prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia after HCT: a randomized multicenter trial.

Refractory prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia (RPIT) is an intractable complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), which often leads to poor prognosis. A clinical study was designed to validate the efficacy and safety of low-dose decitabine for RPIT after HCT and explore the related underlying mechanisms. Eligible patients were randomly allocated to receive 1 of 3 interventions: arm A, low-dose decitabine (15 mg/m2 daily IV for 3 consecutive days [days 1-3]) plus recombinant human thrombopoietin (300 U/kg daily); arm B, decitabine alone; or arm C, conventional treatment. The primary end point was the response rate of platelet recovery at day 28 after treatment. Secondary end points included megakaryocyte count 28 days after treatment and survival during additional follow-up of 24 weeks. Among the 91 evaluable patients, response rates were 66.7%, 73.3%, and 19.4% for the 3 arms, respectively (P < .001). One-year survival rates in arms A (64.4% ± 9.1%) and B (73.4% ± 8.8%) were similar (P = .662), and both were superior to that in arm C (41.0% ± 9.8%; P = .025). Megakaryocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and cytokines relating to megakaryocyte migration and EC damage were improved in patients responding to decitabine. This study showed low-dose decitabine improved platelet recovery as well as overall survival in RPIT patients after transplantation. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT02487563.
Image Quality Improvement of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Gradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Iterative Denoising and Edge Enhancement

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel edge enhancement and iterative denoising algorithm in 1.5-T T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) gradient echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen on image quality, noise levels, diagnostic confidence, and lesion detectability. Materials and Methods Fifty patients who underwent a clinically indicated magnetic resonance imaging with DCE imaging of the abdomen between June and August 2020 were included in this retrospective, monocentric, institutional review board–approved study. For DCE imaging, a series of 3 volume interpolated breath-hold examinations (VIBEs) was performed. The raw data of all DCE imaging studies were processed twice, once using standard reconstruction (DCES) and again using an edge enhancement and iterative denoising approach (DCEDE). All imaging studies were randomly reviewed by 2 radiologists independently regarding noise levels, arterial contrast, sharpness of vessels, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4, with 4 being the best. Furthermore, lesion detectability was evaluated using the same ranking system. Results All 50 imaging studies were successfully reconstructed with both methods. Interreader agreement (Cohen κ) was substantial to perfect for both readers. Arterial contrast and sharpness of vessels were rated superior by both readers with a median of 4 in DCEDE versus a median of 3 in DCES (P < 0.001). Furthermore, noise levels as well as overall image quality were rated higher with a median of 4 in DCEDE compared with a median of 3 in DCES (P < 0.001). Lesion detectability was evaluated to be superior in DCEDE with a median of 4 versus DCES with a median of 3 (P < 0.001). Consequently, diagnostic confidence was also rated to be superior in DCEDE with a median of 4 versus DCES with a median of 3 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Iterative denoising and edge enhancement are feasible in DCE imaging of the abdomen providing superior arterial contrast, noise levels, and overall image quality. Furthermore, lesion detectability and diagnostic confidence were significantly improved using this novel reconstruction method. Further reduction of acquisition time might be possible via reduction of increased noise levels using this presented method.
Ribociclib and everolimus in well differentiated foregut neuroendocrine tumors.

The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus is an established therapy for well differentiated (WD) foregut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Pre-clinical data demonstrates a potential synergistic role for cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 inhibition and everolimus to treat this disease. In this phase II multicenter study, patients with advanced foregut WDNETs received combination ribociclib and everolimus until confirmed disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The first 12 patients received ribociclib 300 mg three weeks in a row with a one week break and everolimus 2.5 mg daily (recommended phase II dose). Due to unexpected hematologic and infectious toxicities, the trial was put on hold, modified, and an additional 9 patients received ribociclib 200 mg and everolimus 2.5 mg daily. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Archived pre-treatment tumor was profiled by next-generation sequencing to evaluate for genomic markers of drug response. Twenty-one patients were treated (median age, 56; range, 24 to 77). The study did not meet the pre-specified criteria to advance to stage two. No patients experienced an objective response. Thirteen patients (62%) experienced stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 7.7 months (95% CI, 2.8 months to not reached). Eleven of the first 12 patients (92%) developed grade 2 or more myelosuppression. Ten patients (84%) experienced treatment interruption and 8 patients (67%) required dose reduction. Genetic testing in archival tumor tissue samples failed to identify a predictive biomarker of disease stabilization. The combination of ribociclib and everolimus had insufficient activity to warrant further investigation in foregut WDNETs.
Characterization of α1D‐adrenoceptor subtype in rat myocardium, aorta and other tissues

1 This study was done to characterize the functional role of α1D‐adrenoceptors in rat myocardium, aorta, spleen, vas deferens and prostate by use of the selective antagonist BMY 7378. 2 BMY 7378 inhibited [3H]‐prazosin binding to aortic membranes with a potency (pKi 9.8 ± 0.40) approximately 100 fold higher than in right ventricular membranes (pKi 7.47 ± 0.11) and approximately 1,000 fold higher than that in plasma membranes of the prostate (pKi 6.62 ± 0.39), vas deferens (pKi 6.67 ± 0.15), salivary gland (pKi 6.46 ± 0.38) and liver (6.58 ± 0.06). 3 BMY 7378 antagonized the positive inotropic effects of phenylephrine (in the presence of 1 μm propranolol) on right ventricles (pA2 7.0 ± 0.11), left atria (pKB 7.04 ± 0.18) and papillary muscles (pKB 6.9 ± 0.1) and inhibited phenylephrine‐induced increase in inositol phosphates. 4 BMY 7378 was approximately 100 fold more potent as an antagonist of phenylephrine on aortic strips (pA2 9.0 ± 0.13) than on vas deferens (pKB 7.17 ± 0.08) and spleen (pKB 7.16 ± 0.21); it was ineffective on the prostate. 5 Chloroethylclonidine suppressed the maximal effects of phenylephrine on spleen; 5‐methylurapidil antagonized the effects of phenylephrine on aortic strips (pA2 7.98 ± 0.08), vas deferens (pKB 8.89 ± 0.07) and prostate (pKB 8.85 ± 0.21). 6 BMY 7378 caused a dose (0.1–100 nmol kg−1)‐dependent decrease in mean blood pressure of urethane‐anaesthetized rats and its hypotensive efficacy was equal to that of hexamethonium. 7 The data suggest that α1D‐adrenoceptors play a significant role in rat aorta, a minor role in the heart, vas deferens and spleen and virtually no role in the prostate.
Alzheimer’s disease: a tale of two diseases?

Sporadic late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (SLOAD) and familial early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (FEOAD) associated with dominant mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2, are thought to represent a spectrum of the same disorder based on near identical behavioral and histopathological features. Hence, FEOAD transgenic mouse models have been used in past decades as a surrogate to study SLOAD pathogenic mechanisms and as the gold standard to validate drugs used in clinical trials. Unfortunately, such research has yielded little output in terms of therapeutics targeting the disease’s development and progression. In this short review, we interrogate the widely accepted view of one, dimorphic disease through the prism of the Bmi1+/– mouse model and the distinct chromatin signatures observed between SLOAD and FEOAD brains.
Gut microbiota shape the inflammatory response in mice with an epithelial defect

ABSTRACT Intestinal epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in intestinal inflammation. It remains unclear whether ER stress is an initiator of or a response to inflammation. Winnie mice, carrying a Muc2 gene mutation resulting in intestinal goblet cell ER stress, develop spontaneous colitis with a depleted mucus barrier and increased bacterial translocation. This study aims to determine whether the microbiota was required for the development of Winnie colitis, and whether protein misfolding itself can initiate inflammation directly in absence of the microbiota. To assess the role of microbiota in driving Winnie colitis, WT and Winnie mice on the same background were rederived into the germ-free facility and housed in the Trexler-type soft-sided isolators. The colitis phenotype of these mice was assessed and compared to WT and Winnie mice housed within a specific pathogen-free facility. We found that Winnie colitis was substantially reduced but not abolished under germ-free conditions. Expression of inflammatory cytokine genes was reduced but several chemokines remained elevated in absence of microbiota. Concomitantly, ER stress was also diminished, although mucin misfolding persisted. RNA-Seq revealed that Winnie differentiated colon organoids have decreased expression of the negative regulators of the inflammatory response compared to WT. This data along with the increase in Mip2a chemokine expression, suggests that the epithelial cells in the Winnie mice are more responsive to stimuli. Moreover, the data demonstrate that intestinal epithelial intrinsic protein misfolding can prime an inflammatory response without initiating the unfolded protein response in the absence of the microbiota. However, the microbiota is necessary for the amplification of colitis in Winnie mice. Genetic predisposition to mucin misfolding in secretory cells initiates mild inflammatory signals. However, the inflammatory signal sets a forward-feeding cycle establishing progressive inflammation in the presence of microbiota. Abbreviations: Endoplasmic Reticulum: ER; Mucin-2: Muc-2; GF: Germ-Free; Inflammatory Bowel Disease: IBD
Accommodation coefficients of helium, neon, argon, hydrogen, and deuterium on graphitized carbon

The thermal accommodation coefficients of helium, neon, argon, hydrogen and deuterium have been measured in the temperature range of 77-340 K on the surface of a graphitized carbon filament. The dependence of the accommodation coefficient upon the molecular weight as well as the temperature of measurement, and the conversion from orthohydrogen to parahydrogen, have been discussed.
Exosomes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells protect neuronal function under ischemic conditions

Compared with other stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) are more similar to cortical neurons in morphology and immunohistochemistry. Thus, they have greater potential for promoting the survival and growth of neurons and alleviating the proliferation of astrocytes. Transplantation of stem cell exosomes and stem cells themselves have both been shown to effectively repair nerve injury. However, there is no study on the protective effects of exosomes derived from iPSC-NPCs on oxygen and glucose deprived neurons. In this study, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation model in embryonic cortical neurons of the rat by culturing the neurons in an atmosphere of 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 1 hour and then treated them with iPSC-NPC-derived exosomes for 30 minutes. Our results showed that iPSC-NPC-derived exosomes increased the survival of oxygen- and glucose-deprived neurons and the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the culture medium. Additionally, it attenuated oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced changes in the expression of the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway as well as synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the neurons. Further, it increased the length of the longest neurite in the oxygen- and glucose-deprived neurons. These findings validate the hypothesis that exosomes from iPSC-NPCs exhibit a neuroprotective effect on oxygen- and glucose-deprived neurons by regulating the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway and neurite outgrowth. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (approval No. SRRSH20191010) on October 10, 2019.
Effect of Acidic Medium on Swelling and Release Behaviors of Chitosan-Reinforced Calcium Pectinate Gel Beads

Chitosan-reinforced calcium pectinate (ChCP) gel beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method. Theswelling of ChCP gel beads and release behavior of indomethacin from the beads were investigated and comparedwith conventional calcium pectinate (CP) gel beads. The factors, such as molecular weight of chitosan,concentration of chitosan, and release medium, which can have a significant effect on the swelling and releasebehaviors from the beads, were discussed in this study. The mechanical test showed that the ChCP beads haveslightly higher strength than that of CP beads. The swelling index of the ChCP beads in acidic medium was muchlower than that in neutral medium. The release of indomethacin from ChCP beads under conditions mimickingintestinal transit were evaluated in pH 7.4 Tris buffer. The acid pretreatment caused a faster drug release fromChCP beads. The less swelling in acidic medium and faster drug release of acid-pretreated ChCP beads may bedue to the dissolution of chitosan from the beads in acidic medium, as no fluorescence signal was seen at the shellof the beads. The results suggested that the acid, which essentially found in stomach, influenced the swelling andrelease behaviors of ChCP beads. Key Words: Chitosan; Pectin; Calcium pectinate; Beads; Drug release; Acid pretreatment
Validation of Oligohaline Elemental Otolith Signatures of Striped Bass by use of In Situ Caging Experiments and Water Chemistry

Abstract The spatiotemporal variability in strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) elemental signatures of water and fish otoliths was assessed from July to October 2008 across river habitats of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. We examined whether relationships in these signatures exist and the potential of otoliths to serve as innate chemical tags. Hatchery-reared age-0 striped bass Morone saxatilis were placed in cages at four different locations to test development of habitat-specific otolith signatures. Dissolved elemental water and otolith signatures exhibited spatial variability but did not vary temporally. Chemical water signatures classified habitats with 76–81% accuracy, and otolith signatures of caged fish displayed 59–63% total classification accuracy depending on the classification method used. The elements Sr, Ba, and Mn were the main habitat discriminators, as their concentrations in otoliths were significantly correlated with concentrations in the water. Otolith Mg was not related to water chemistry and did not vary among habitats. Natural physiochemical gradients, geochemical processes, and possibly anthropogenic inputs influenced the trace elemental signatures of Albemarle Sound habitats. The unique chemical signals of the sound's river habitats validate the use of otolith signatures for determining striped bass habitat utilization in this system. Use of otolith elemental signatures as natural tags provides a quantitative method to determine the proportion of juvenile striped bass recruiting to the adult spawning stock from specific habitats, thus aiding resource managers in identifying habitats that should receive priority in restoration and conservation decisions.
Development of a New Device for Postoperative Self-Irrigation of the Maxillary and Frontal Sinus

Objectives: Nasal saline irrigation is the corner stone of postoperative care after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, intrasinus penetration of the saline solution can be challenging and may require difficult head position, particularly for the frontal sinus. Our aim was to evaluate a novel device for direct intrasinus self-irrigation, usable at home for both maxillary and frontal sinus. Methods: Thirty devices were implemented in 23 patients: in the maxillary sinus for 18 patients and in the frontal sinus for 5 patients. The device was removed after 7 days on average (5-10 days), and nasal saline irrigation was carried on with a squeeze bottle for 6 weeks. Retrospective evaluation of the device included: device-related complication, patient satisfaction, and ostial or middle turbinate synechiae at 3 months. Results: No device-related complication (obstruction, displacement, infection, bleeding) occurred. Twenty-one (91.3%) patients were satisfied with the device. Two patients required the help of a nurse for irrigation. No ostial of middle turbinate synechiae was visualized at 3 months. This new endonasal device enables direct intrasinus self-irrigation after FESS for CRS. Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that this device is safe and easy to use. However, further investigations are required to assess its potential role to reduce the risk of synechiae and revision surgery.