Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Multi-Cloud Service Composition Using a Distributed Multiagent-Based, Memory-Driven Approach

Cloud services are often distributed across several data centers requiring new scalable approaches to efficiently perform searching to reduce the energy and price cost of fulfilling requests. Multiagent-based systems have arisen as a powerful technique for improving distributed processing on a wide scale, which can operate in environments where partial observability is the norm and the cost of prolonged search can be exponential. In this paper, we present a multiagent-based service composition approach, using agent-matchmakers and agent-representatives, for the efficient retrieval of distributed services and propagation of information within the agent network to reduce the amount of brute-force search. Our extensive simulation results indicate that by introducing localized agent-based memory searches, the amount of actions (with their associated energy costs) can be reduced by over 50 percent which results in a lower energy cost per composition request.
Productive System Engineering Cost Estimation Model

Development of quality software is the prime need of the development world. Proper planning and requirement analysis are the contributory factors for the successful development of a system or software. The cost being an important factor to be considered for any such development requires a deep insight for its estimation in advance. With the increased requirement of complex systems, the need of a quality software meeting the cost, schedule, and performance targets as per the estimations and plans is also needed. Systems engineering concepts, tools and technologies play a vital role in achieving the targets associated with any development project. Thus, to ensure the achievement of goals in an effective manner, the Systems Engineering (SE) tools and technologies are to be revived to match its pace with the requirements. A brief introduction of System Engineering and its relevant concepts has been presented in this paper. The Productive System Engineering Model has been introduced with its implementation and performance evaluation. The paper described the implementation of the proposed model in a real world.
An experimental comparison between demand systems of major food groups in urban economics.

Problem statement: This study examined the eleven major food groups demand for urban areas of Iran during1361-1386. Approach: AIDS, ROTTERDAM, CBS and NBR models was compare together and Sur method was applied for estimating of systems, too. Results: Results of study showed cream and fresh fruits have smallest and largest income elasticity, respectively. Also, cream, bread, dairy, egg, fresh vegetables, oils and fats and sugar and products, are necessary, meat, fresh fruits and dried fruit are luxury and grain is only inferior group, too. The exception meat, dried fruit and sugar and its products, other groups are inelastic than own price changes. Also, among them, grain and dried fruit are most inelastic and most elastic, respectively. That means that demand for them has smallest and largest sensitivity than own price influences. Also, cross price elasticitys represented that nor of the groups, are gross strictly substitute, together and gross substitute among them is weak. About complement relation, should say fresh fruits and oils and fats are gross strictly complement for cereal and sugar and its products, respectively and gross complement relation among other groups is found weak. Conclusion: AIDS was better than other models and should be apply for analysis of major food group demand for urban areas of Iran, alternatively.
Localization in Homotopy Type Theory

We study localization at a prime in homotopy type theory, using self maps of the circle. Our main result is that for a pointed, simply connected type $X$, the natural map $X \to X_{(p)}$ induces algebraic localizations on all homotopy groups. In order to prove this, we further develop the theory of reflective subuniverses. In particular, we show that for any reflective subuniverse $L$, the subuniverse of $L$-separated types is again a reflective subuniverse, which we call $L'$. Furthermore, we prove results establishing that $L'$ is almost left exact. We next focus on localization with respect to a map, giving results on preservation of coproducts and connectivity. We also study how such localizations interact with other reflective subuniverses and orthogonal factorization systems. As key steps towards proving the main theorem, we show that localization at a prime commutes with taking loop spaces for a pointed, simply connected type, and explicitly describe the localization of an Eilenberg-Mac Lane space $K(G,n)$ with $G$ abelian. We also include a partial converse to the main theorem.
Food Image Captioning with Verb-Noun Pairs Empowered by Joint Correlation

Studies of image captioning explosively emerge in recent two years. Though many elegant approaches have been proposed for generalpurposed image captioning, considering domain knowledge or specific description structure in a targeted domain still remains undiscovered. In this paper, we concentrate on food image captioning where a food image is better described by not only what food it is but also how it was cooked. We propose neural networks to jointly consider multiple factors, i.e., food recognition, ingredient recognition, and cooking method recognition, and verify that recognition performance can be improved by taking multiple factors into account. With these three factors, food image captions composed of verb-noun pairs (usually cooking method followed by ingredients) can be generated. We demonstrate e↵ectiveness of the proposed methods from various viewpoints, and believe this would be a better way to describe food images in contrast to general-purposed image captioning.
Title An analytical approach for estimating CO 2 and heat fluxes over the Amazonian region Permalink

10 Accurate assessments of the CO 2 fluxes between the terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere are pressingly needed for the climate change and carbon cycle studies. The Collatz et al. parameterization of leaf photosynthesis-stomatal conductance has been widely applied in land surface parameterization schemes for simulating the land surface CO 2 fluxes. The study in this paper developed an analytical solution approach for the Collatz et al.’s parameterization for stable solution and computational efficiency. This analytical approach is then applied to the simplified biosphere model (SSiB), enhancing its capability of simulating land surface CO2 fluxes. The enhanced SSiB model is tested with field observation data sets from two Amazonian field experiments (ABRACOS missions and Manaus Eddy Covariance Study). Simulations of the land surface fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat and soil heat by the enhanced SSiB agree very well with observations with correlation coefficients being larger than 0.80. However, the correlation coefficient for the daily means of CO 2 fluxes is only 0.42 for the Manaus data set. A day-time “square wave” in the simulated CO 2 flux diurnal curves is found. The discrepancies between simulation and observation were found to be the results of incorrect parameter setup or improper leaf to canopy scaling strategy. A modification to the scaling strategy improves significantly the accuracy of the photosynthesis-stomatal conductance model. 11
Planning under uncertainty: moving forward

This dissertation describes a suite of new planning algorithms for planning under uncertainty with the assumption of full observability. The new algorithms are much more efficient than the previous techniques; in some cases, they find solutions exponentially faster than the previous ones. In particular, our contributions are as follows: (1) A method to take any forward-chaining classical planning algorithm, and systematically generalize it to work for planning in nondeterministic planning domains, where the likelihood of the possible outcomes of the actions are not known. In our experiments, ND-SHOP2, a generalization of the Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planner SHOP2 [NAI +03], could find solutions in nondeterministic planning domains about two to three orders of magnitude faster than MBP [BCP+01], which uses symbolic model-checking techniques based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) [Bry92], and which was one of the best previous planners for such domains. (2) A way, called "Forward State-Space Splitting (FS3)," to take the search control (i.e., pruning) technique of any forward-chaining classical planner, such as TLPlan [BK00], TALplanner [KD01], and SHOP2 [NAI +03], and combine it with BDDs. The result of this combination is a suite of new planning algorithms for nondeterministic planning domains. In our experiments, FS3SHOP2 , one of the new algorithms that combines HTNs as in ND-SHOP2 with BDDs as in MBP, was never dominated by either MBP or ND-SHOP2: FS3SHOP2 could easily deal with problem sizes that neither MBP nor ND-SHOP2 could scale up to, and furthermore, it could solve problems about two or three orders of magnitude faster than the other two. (3) A way to incorporate the pruning technique of a forward-chaining classical planner into the previous algorithms developed for planning with MDPs. The modified algorithms in our experiments were about 10,000 times faster than the original ones on the largest problems the original ones could solve. On another set of problems that were more than 14,000 times larger than the original algorithms could solve, the modified ones took only about 1/3 second. The new planning techniques described here have good potential to be applicable to other research areas as well. In particular, this dissertation describes such potentials in Reinforcement Learning, Hybrid Systems Control, and Planning with Temporal Uncertainty. Finally, the closing remarks include a discussion on the challenges of using search control in planning under uncertainty and some possible ways to address those challenges. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
From OBE to CAPS : educators' experiences of the new life skills curriculum in the foundation phase.

South Africa has undergone many changes in the past decade in terms of political, economic and educational transformations. The year 1994 was the turning point in which our education system underwent a major paradigm shift. The sands have been shifting in education ever since, beginning with the National Curriculum Statement, then the introduction of OBE and Curriculum 2005 and the most recent, CAPS. The question that intrigued me about curriculum change was how educators experienced these changes. This study therefore explored how educators experienced curriculum change in South Africa, particularly how they experienced the new Life Skills curriculum in the Foundation Phase. The following research questions were addressed in this study: 1) What are grade one educators’ experiences of the new CAPS Life Skills curriculum? 2) Why do educators experience the new curriculum the way they do? A qualitative research approach was used, making use of a case study design. Participants were purposely selected using non-probability sampling. Semi-structured interviews and diaries were used as data collection methods. The data from this study revealed that educators experienced challenges in terms of the content, planning and preparation, assessment and dealing with contextual factors in the classroom. It was also found that educators experienced a lack of training and support in implementing the new Life Skills curriculum. A positive experience was that educators enjoyed teaching Life Skills. It was also found that educators welcomed and embraced curriculum change.
Impact of Nanoparticles on Brain Health: An Up to Date Overview

Nanoparticles are zero-dimensional nanomaterials and, based on their nature, they can be categorized into organic, inorganic, and composites nanoparticles. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles are extensively used in a variety of fields, including medicine, pharmaceutics, and food industry. Although they have the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, it is fundamentally important to develop standardized toxicological studies, which can prevent the induction of neurotoxic effects. The focus of this review is to emphasize both the beneficial and negative effects of nanoparticles on brain health.
Innovations in Pedriatic Cradiopulmonary Bypass: a continuous process of quality improvement

textabstractCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is defined as a technique that temporarily replaces the function of the heart and lungs, maintaining an adequate blood circulation and oxygen content of the body during surgery of the heart and great vessels. The current practice of cardiopulmonary bypass was achieved through the efforts of a numbers of individuals who believed that artificial cardiopulmonary support could replace the body’s own circulatory and respiratory systems. Collaborative efforts of physiologists, chemists, physicists, engineers, and physicians led to design and development of synthetic devices that could effectively sustain patients who required corrective surgical procedures of treatable lesions of the heart, lungs or other vital organs. In 1937, Gibbon reported the first successful total cardiopulmonary bypass of an animal (cat) with the use of heparin, a Dale-Schuster-type pump, and a vertical rotating cylinder oxygenator. However, it was not until 1951 that cardiopulmonary bypass was applied in a patient, enabling an unobstructed view of intracardiac lesions. In Minneapolis on the 5th of April 1951, Dennis and his associates performed the first total cardiopulmonary bypass in a 6-year old patient with an endocardial cushion defect. Unfortunately, the patient could not be weaned from the bypass and died on the table because of cardiac failure. Gibbon, who considered to be the “father of cardiopulmonary bypass”, together with his wife Mary refined the work of Dennis and successfully performed on the 20th of May 1953 in Philadelphia the closure of an atrial septal defect in an 18-years old patient. This moment marked in the history of cardiopulmonary bypass the beginning of the “applied technology period” that lasted from 1950 to 1970. The “refinement period” has followed and lasts until present.
LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH COMPUTER IN DISTANCE EDUCATION

In the process of reading, learners face difficulties at various levels - comprehension of unfamiliar vocabulary and their usage in relation to the given text, identification of key concepts of the text, recognition of techniques involved in the elucidation of the concepts, attempting to express what has been comprehended. Computer aided learning material is very effective in eliminating these difficulties. For example, in one such attempt, the learners are asked to read a single hyper linked text without the aid of the hyperlinks after which they are given certain tests. Then they repeat learning; this time with the help of the hyperlinks to clarify areas of doubt which they should have identified for themselves. In the learner module (i.e., the pre-hyperlinks text and the learner) the learner is asked to identify his/her difficulties in reading a text and make a list of them. Then he/she is directed to go to the teacher module to clarify his/her doubts with the help of graded exercises and hyperlinks and come back to the learner module again. The difficulties at the vocabulary level, comprehension level and expression level can very well be tackled by a planned and structured lesson. The freedom to move back and forth to the self framed exercises and to the descriptive module creates a path as well as fun for the learners to reach a comprehensive level overcoming all the difficulties identified by the learner himself/herself. The reinforcement is achieved by the facility of immediate evaluation in a computerised lesson. The output is noted and a redesigning of the learning material is done accordingly. This paper focuses on the difficulties encountered by these learners in this exercise and aims at providing remedial practices.
COLONOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN CHILDREN WITH LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING

Background Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in children has many different etiologies and is a serious problem that warrants careful diagnostic work-up. Materials and Methods 164 colonoscopies were done during one year for determining the etiologies of LGIB in children who was referred to Children's Medical Center Hospital. Analyses of results were based on age, sex, etiology and clinical presentations. Results of 164 colonoscopies, 34.7% of LGBI were due to polyps which was the most common etiology. Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH) had a prevalence of 22.5%; in 15.8% of patients, colonoscopic findings were normal. The peak age group of polyps was 4-6 yr; for LNH, it was 1 yr. Conclusions LNH is more common than polyps in patients presenting with LGIB younger than 3 yrs. In older children, however, polyps are the major cause. Therefore, the diagnostic approach and the need for colonoscopy are different in these two age groups.
Spatial Heterogeneity in Tumor Perfusion Measured with Functional Computed Tomography at 0.05 µl Resolution

High speed (200 ms temporal resolution) functional computed tomography was used to demonstrate tumor vascular heterogenelty with 0.05 µl spatial resolution. Vascular topologies were investigated in 2 human small cell lung cancer lines implanted either s.c. or as a tissue isolated preparation in immunocompromised mice. Peripheral versus central vascular topology was identified in the s.c. and tissue-isolated preparations, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that tumor physiology was influenced by cell line ( P = 0.016) and not by location ( P > 0.6). This new technique has the potential to characterize individual tumors in patients with minimal invasiveness, permitting more detailed prognosis and management.
Using Neural Network and Singular Perturbation Problems in Face Recognition

Face recognition technology using neural network is an attractive solution for the researchers who are working on the field of machine recognition, pattern recognition and computer vision, in this paper neural network is presented for face recognition using singular perturbation problems. That is demonstrate how a face recognition system can be designed by artificial neural network and the noisy images of faces are treated by perturbation parameters.
Anesthesia for thoracic surgery

History of Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery. Thoracic Anatomy. General Respiratory Physiology and Respiratory Function During Anesthesia. Special Respiratory Physiology of the Lateral Decubitus Position, The Open Chest, And One-Lung Ventilation. Perioperative Cardiopulmonary Evaluation. Perioperative Respiratory Preparation. Monitoring. Choice of Anesthetic Drugs and Techniques. Separation of the Two Lungs (Doubel-Lumen Tube and Bronchial Blocker Intubation). Routine Surgical Considerations that Have Anesthetic Implications. Conventional and Differential Lung Management of One-Lung Ventiliation. High-Frequency and High-Flow Apneic Ventilation During Thoracic Surgery. Anesthetic Considerations (Other Than Management of Ventilation) During and at the End of Thoracic Surgery. Anesthesia for Special Elective Diagnostic Procedures. Anesthesia for Special Elective Therpeutic Procedures. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery. Anesthesia for Emergency Thoracic Surgery. Anesthesia for Pediatric Thoracic Surgery. Early Serious Complicatons Specifically Related to Thoracic Surgery. Mechanical Ventiliation and Weaning. Management of Postoperative Pain. Index.
Signal to syntax : bootstrapping from speech to grammar in early acquisition

Contents: Preface. J.L. Morgan, K. Demuth, Signal to Syntax: An Overview. Part I: The Nature, Perception, and Representation of Input Speech. P.D. Eimas, The Perception and Representation of Speech by Infants. B.E. Dresher, Introduction to Metrical and Prosodic Phonology. P. Lieberman, Some Biological Constraints on the Analysis of Prosody. P. Price, M. Ostendorf, Combining Linguistic With Statistical Methods in Modeling Prosody. Part II: Speech and the Acquisition of Words. A. Cutler, Prosody and the Word Boundary Problem. J. Mehler, E. Dupoux, T. Nazzi, G. Dahaene-Lambertz, Coping With Linguistic Diversity: The Infant's Viewpoint. R.N. Aslin, J.Z. Woodward, N.P. LaMendola, T.G. Bever, Models of Word Segmentation in Fluent Maternal Speech to Infants. N.B. Ratner, From "Signal to Syntax": But What Is the Nature of the Signal? C.H. Echols, A Role for Stress in Early Speech Segmentation. K. Demuth, The Prosodic Structure of Early Words. Part III: Speech and the Acquisition of Grammatical Morphology & Form Classes. E. Selkirk, The Prosodic Structure of Function Words. A.M. Peters, S. Stromqvist, The Role of Prosody in the Acquisition of Grammatical Morphemes. L.B. Leonard, J.A. Eyer, Deficits of Grammatical Morphology in Children with Specific Language Impairment and Their Implications for Notions of Bootstrapping. M. Kelly, The Role of Phonology in Grammatical Category Assignments. J.L. Morgan, R. Shi, P. Allopena, Perceptual Bases of Rudimentary Grammatical Categories: Toward a Broader Conceptualization of Bootstrapping. Part IV: Speech and the Acquisition of Phrase Structure. J.J. Venditti, S-A. Jun, M.E. Beckman, Prosodic Cues to Syntactic and Other Linguistic Structures in Japanese, Korean, and English. R. Mazuka, Can a Grammatical Parameter Be Set Before the First Word? Prosodic Contributions to Early Setting of a Grammatical Parameter. M. Steedman, Phrasal Intonation and the Acquisition of Syntax. C. Fisher, H. Tokura, Prosody in Speech to Infants: Direct and Indirect Acoustic Cues to Syntactic Structure. A. Fernald, G. McRoberts, Prosodic Bootstrapping: A Critical Analysis of the Argument and the Evidence. P. Jusczyk, D.G. K. Nelson, Syntactic Units, Prosody, and Psychological Reality During Infancy. Part V: Speech and the Acquisition of Language. L. Gerken, Phonological and Distributional Information in Sytnax Acquisition. J.F. Werker, V.L. Lloyd, J.E. Pegg, L. Polka, Putting the Baby in the Bootstraps: Toward a More Complete Understanding of the Role of the Input in Infant Speech Processing. K. Hirsh-Pasek, M. Tucker, R.M. Golinkoff, Dynamical Systems Theory: Reinterpreting "Prosodic Bootstrapping" and Its Role in Language Acquisition.
Malignant Transformation of Thoracic Spinal Chordoma

Chordoma of the thoracic spine is an uncommon low-grade malignant tumour of bone. It can undergo transformation into a sarcoma (dedifferentiated chordoma), characterised by an aggressive, clinical course. Sarcomatous transformation is thought to stem from exposure to therapeutic radiation although recent experience suggests it can occur de-novo, or at the site of tumour recurrence. Most dedifferentiated chordomas arise from the sacrococcygeal spine and only three elderly patients were reported to suffer from this form of chordoma of the thoracic spine. This case report is of interest as the disease affected a 15-year-old-boy. He presented with progressive paraparesis. Computed tomography revealed a bone-eroding tumour at T4, characteristic of a chordoma. Despite radical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy, it was discovered he had metastasis in bone and lymph nodes five months later. The tumour had probably dedifferentiated into a sarcoma.