Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating data accessibility of personal health apps

Objective Despite the potential values self‐tracking data could offer, we have little understanding of how much access people have to “their” data. Our goal of this article is to unveil the current state of the data accessibility—the degree to which people can access their data—of personal health apps in the market. Materials and Methods We reviewed 240 personal health apps from the App Store and selected 45 apps that support semi‐automated tracking. We characterized the data accessibility of these apps using two dimensions—data access methods and data types. Results More than 90% of our sample apps (n = 41) provide some types of data access support, which include synchronizing data with a health platform (ie, Apple Health), file download, and application program interfaces. However, the two approachable data access methods for laypeople—health platform and file download—typically put a significant limit on data format, granularity, and amount, which constrains people from easily repurposing the data. Discussion Personal data should be accessible to the people who collect them, but existing methods lack sufficient support for people in accessing the fine‐grained data. Lack of standards in personal health data schema as well as frequent changes in market conditions are additional hurdles to data accessibility. Conclusions Many stakeholders including patients, healthcare providers, researchers, third‐party developers, and the general public rely on data accessibility to utilize personal data for various goals. As such, improving data accessibility should be considered as an important factor in designing personal health apps and health platforms.
Assessment methodologies for extrusion-based bioink printability

Extrusion-based bioprinting is one of the leading manufacturing techniques for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Its primary limitation is the lack of materials, known as bioinks, which are suitable for the bioprinting process. The degree to which a bioink is suitable for bioprinting has been described as its ‘printability. ’ However, a lack of clarity surrounding the methodologies used to evaluate a bioink’s printability, as well as the usage of the term itself, have hindered the field. This article presents a review of measures used to assess the printability of extrusion-based bioinks in an attempt to assist researchers during the bioink development process. Many different aspects of printability exist and many different measurements have been proposed as a consequence. Researchers often do not evaluate a new bioink’s printability at all, while others simply do so qualitatively. Several quantitative measures have been presented for the extrudability, shape fidelity, and printing accuracy of bioinks. Different measures have been developed even within these aspects, each testing the bioink in a slightly different way. Additionally, other relevant measures which had little or no examples of quantifiable methods are also to be considered. Looking forward, further work is needed to improve upon current assessment methodologies, to move towards a more comprehensive view of printability, and to standardize these printability measurements between researchers. Better assessment techniques will naturally lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms which affect printability and better comparisons between bioinks. This in turn will help improve upon the bioink development process and the bioinks available for use in bioprinting.
Autologous platelet‐rich plasma for healing chronic venous leg ulcers: Clinical efficacy and potential mechanisms

The overall quality of evidence of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) for treating chronic wounds remains low. While further well‐designed clinical studies are clearly required to convincingly demonstrate the efficacy of autologous PRP in improved healing of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and other chronic wounds, there is also an increasing need to better define the underlying mechanisms of action and whether positive outcomes can be predicted based on the analysis of PRP. This brief review will discuss the current understanding of autologous PRP in VLUs and whether molecular evaluation of PRP at the time of collection could potentially be informative to clinical outcomes. Benefits of the autologous PRP treatment strategy include that PRP is easily accessible and is relatively inexpensive and safe. Better understanding of the mechanisms involved could improve treatment, enable supplementation, and/or lead to gains in product development. Analysis of PRP could also add value to future clinical trials on efficacy and potentially personalised treatment regimens.
Interphases, Interfaces, and Surfaces of Active Materials in Rechargeable Batteries and Perovskite Solar Cells

The ever‐increasing demand for clean sustainable energy has driven tremendous worldwide investment in the design and exploration of new active materials for energy conversion and energy‐storage devices. Tailoring the surfaces of and interfaces between different materials is one of the surest and best studied paths to enable high‐energy‐density batteries and high‐efficiency solar cells. Metal‐halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising photovoltaic materials due to their unprecedented development, with their record power conversion efficiency (PCE) rocketing beyond 25% in less than 10 years. Such progress is achieved largely through the control of crystallinity and surface/interface defects. Rechargeable batteries (RBs) reversibly convert electrical and chemical potential energy through redox reactions at the interfaces between the electrodes and electrolyte. The (electro)chemical and optoelectronic compatibility between active components are essential design considerations to optimize power conversion and energy storage performance. A focused discussion and critical analysis on the formation and functions of the interfaces and interphases of the active materials in these devices is provided, and prospective strategies used to overcome current challenges are described. These strategies revolve around manipulating the chemical compositions, defects, stability, and passivation of the various interfaces of RBs and PSCs.
Apitoxin and Its Components against Cancer, Neurodegeneration and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Limitations and Possibilities

Natural products represent important sources for the discovery and design of novel drugs. Bee venom and its isolated components have been intensively studied with respect to their potential to counteract or ameliorate diverse human diseases. Despite extensive research and significant advances in recent years, multifactorial diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases remain major healthcare issues at present. Although pure bee venom, apitoxin, is mostly described to mediate anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and neuroprotective effects, its primary component melittin may represent an anticancer therapeutic. In this review, we approach the possibilities and limitations of apitoxin and its components in the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. We further discuss the observed unspecific cytotoxicity of melittin that strongly restricts its therapeutic use and review interesting possibilities of a beneficial use by selectively targeting melittin to cancer cells.
Association Of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Serum Uric Acid.

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder is a clinicopathological condition, characterized by macro vesicular steatosis in hepatic cells and metabolic stress related disorders without other causes of chronic hepatic disease. Uric acid is basically a heterocyclic compound of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism. Hyperuricemia is considered to be related with the causes responsible for the production of metabolic syndrome. It may cause gout, impaired renal function, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus. The objective of study is to investigate the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and serum uric acid level. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ayub Teaching institute Abbottabad. According to predesigned questionnaire and informed consent, 100 subjects between ages 40-50 years were selected for the study. Data collected and analysis done by SPSS version 20. RESULTS It was observed that 20 (40%) subjects developed NAFLD as compared to 30(60%) of the subjects with normal serum uric acid level. Chi-square test was applied and values found to be significant (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows association of NAFLD with serum uric acid level.
Recycling endosomes attach to the trans-side of Golgi stacks in Drosophila and mammalian cells

ABSTRACT Historically, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) has been recognized as a sorting center of newly synthesized proteins, whereas the recycling endosome (RE) is a compartment where endocytosed materials transit before being recycled to the plasma membrane. However, recent findings revealed that both the TGN and RE connect endocytosis and exocytosis and, thus, are functionally overlapping. Here we report, in both Drosophila and microtubule-disrupted HeLa cells, that REs are interconvertible between two distinct states, namely Golgi-associated REs and free REs. Detachment and reattachment of REs and Golgi stacks are often observed, and newly synthesized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cargo protein but not vesicular stomatitis virus G protein is transported through these two types of RE. In plants, there are two types of TGN – Golgi-associated TGN and Golgi-independent TGN. We show that dynamics of REs in both Drosophila and mammalian cells are very similar compared with those of plant TGNs. And, together with the similarity on the molecular level, our results indicate that fly and mammalian REs are organelles that are equivalent to TGNs in plants. This suggests that the identities and functional relationships between REs and TGNs should be reconsidered. Summary: In mammals and flies, REs can be found in two distinct states – the Golgi-associated RE and the free RE – suggesting that animal REs are functionally analogous to plant TGNs.
Frailty to predict unplanned hospitalization, stroke, bleeding and death in atrial fibrillation.

AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) and frailty are common, and the prevalence is expected to rise further. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty and the ability of a frailty index (FI) to predict unplanned hospitalizations, stroke, bleeding and death in patients with AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with known AF were enrolled in a prospective cohort study in Switzerland. Information on medical history, lifestyle-factors and clinical measurements were obtained. The primary outcome was unplanned hospitalization; secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, bleeding and stroke. The FI was measured using a cumulative deficit approach, constructed according to previously published criteria and divided into three groups (non-frail, pre-frail, frail). The association between frailty and outcomes was assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox regression models. Of the 2369 included patients, prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty was 60.7% and 10.6%, respectively. Pre-frailty and frailty were associated with a higher risk of unplanned hospitalizations (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-2.22, p < 0.001; and aHR 3.59; 95%CI 2.78-4.63, p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (aHR 5.07; 95%CI 2.43-10.59, p < 0.001; and aHR 16.72; 95%CI 7.75-36.05, p < 0.001), and bleeding (aHR 1.53; 95%CI 1.11-2.13, p = 0.01; and aHR 2.46; 95%CI 1.61-3.77, p < 0.001). Frailty, but not pre-frailty was associated with a higher risk of stroke (aHR 3.29; 95%CI 1.29-8.39, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Over two thirds of patients with AF are pre-frail or frail. These patients have a high risk for unplanned hospitalizations and other adverse events. These findings emphasize the need to carefully evaluate these patients. However, whether screening for pre-frailty and frailty and targeted prevention strategies improve outcomes needs to be shown in future studies.
Retracted: SERPINB2 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, led to G2/M arrest, and increased radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SERPINB2 on cell proliferation, cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, and radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Both CNE2R and CNE2 cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1-SERPINB2. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay, cell cycle by flow cytometry, and SERpINB2 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was carried out to detect the protein expression. In addition, SERPINB2 and β-catenin were located intracellularly using an immunofluorescent assay, and cell migration and invasion were measured by wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Radiosensitivity was assessed using colony formation and MTT assays. SERPINB2 expression was downregulated in CNE2R cells. After transfection with pEGFP-N1-SERPINB2, the OD values were decreased, and there was an increased fraction in the G2/M phase. Moreover, SERPINB2 overexpression could inhibit the invasion and migration capabilities of CNE2R and CNE2 cells, with downregulation of vimentin, N-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and upregulation of E-cadherin. Moreover, transfection with the SERPINB2 plasmid reduced the growth rate of CNE2R cells at doses of 2, 4 and 6 Gy, and also decreased the surviving fractions. Overexpression of SERPINB2 could reduce the proliferation, invasion and migration capabilities of CNE2R and CNE2 cells, and led to G2/M arrest via EMT inhibition, and this may be a potential strategy for enhancing the radiation sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
Integrating a New Online Autism Screening Tool in Primary Care to Lower the Age of Referral

The earliest signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may appear at 12 to 14 months of age, and a diagnosis of ASD can be made in the second year of life by experienced professionals.1-3 Research indicates that early intervention is effective in improving children’s developmental trajectories and reducing autism symptoms.4,5 However, the average age of diagnosis for ASD is approximately 41⁄2 years,6 and the age of diagnosis is further delayed for children from underserved areas, low-income, and minority families.7 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends screening all children for ASD at 18 to 24 months.8 However, a recent US Preventive Services Task Force report found inconclusive evidence to support universal screening in primary care prior to parents’ expression of concerns.9 One barrier to consistent early screening is lack of well-validated ASD-specific screeners for younger toddlers.10 Studies of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT),11 a widely used screening tool for ASD, suggest that it may miss more children with ASD than it catches when implemented at 18 months12 and may perform better for older (eg, 24-30 months) than younger (eg, 16-23 months) toddlers.13,14 In addition, surveys of health care professionals suggest variability in the rates at which they follow the screening guidelines set forth by the AAP.15,16 Bridging research to practice gaps is a national priority, as the reported prevalence of ASD6 and societal costs increase.17 Building capacity of providers to recognize early signs of ASD is critical to early detection and increased access to early intervention services. Approximately 95% of children complete routine health supervision visits from birth to 3 years of age.18 Therefore, primary care physicians represent a crucial target for support on screening, diagnosis, and evidencebased intervention.19,20 Online professional development and the utilization of digital screening tools are 2 potential avenues to facilitate large-scale practice change. Online coursework is cost-efficient, timeflexible, delivered with high procedural fidelity, and has been found to be as effective as other training methods.21 Evidence suggests that using digital platforms for screening in primary care is feasible, may identify more children, may increase follow-up screens, and that families from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds report positive experiences with online screening tools.22,23
Evaluation of Grape Ripeness, Carbonic Maceration and Pectolityc Enzymes to Improve The Chemical and Sensory Quality of Red Sparkling Wines.

BACKGROUND The red sparkling wines are and innovative product for the oenology market, and oenologist are looking for technologies to improve their winemaking. The aim of the present paper was to use both carbonic maceration and pectolytic enzymes applied to premature grapes in the winemaking of the red sparkling wines. Both could modify the release of polyphenols, and improve the foaming, aroma and sensory properties of the red sparkling wines. RESULTS The red sparkling wines made with mature grapes showed the highest content of polyphenols, ethyl esters, alcohol acetates, total volatile acids and foam stability time. They were characterised by high foam collar and foam area, full-body, astringency, persistence, and olfactory intensity, and were the best valuated on global perception in the sensory analysis. The treatment with pectolytic enzymes was not effective with unripe grapes. These wines showed a high content of total ethyl esters and the highest content of lactones, producing wines with high olfactory intensity and fruity aromas. The red sparkling wines made by carbonic maceration showed the lowest content of total polyphenols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, and high contents of C6 alcohols and total ethyl esters, and were characterised by vegetal aroma notes. Both treatments produced red sparkling wines with good foam characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The winemaking of red sparkling wines with premature grapes and pectinolytic enzymes or carbonic maceration did not achieve an improvement of their chemical and sensory quality. The use of mature grapes and traditional winemaking was the best option to elaborate red quality sparkling wines This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Comparison of methylation patterns of E6 gene promoter region in the low-risk and high-risk human papillomavirus

Background and Objectives: Cervical cancer is an important cause of death in women worldwide (1, 2). Cancer is a disease that may be caused by many factors that affect gene activity through genetic and epigenetic changes like DNA methylation. DNA promoter methylation contributes to the chromatin conformation that may be repressing transcription of the human papilloma virus type16 (HPV-16), which is prevalent in the etiology of cervical carcinoma. In the present study, we aimed to investigate DNA methylation target sites in promoter region of both high-risk and low risk HPVs. Materials and Methods: Methylation pattern of E6 promoter in low-risk HPV (type 11) and high-risk HPV (type 16 and 18) was examined by Bisulfite Sequencing PCR (BSP) method. Results: Based on the results, methylation status of high-risk and low-risk HPV-E6 promoter is different. It was revealed that CpG dinucleotides were unmethylated in type 16 and 18 target sequences, whereas in HPV-E6 type 11 all of CpG dinucleotides were methylated except one of them. Conclusion: The result suggested that a significant correlation between methylation status and HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis, and promoter of HPV-16 and 18 E6 has minimal methylation in comparison with low-risk HPV-11.
Human Breathomics Database

Abstract Breathomics is a special branch of metabolomics that quantifies volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from collected exhaled breath samples. Understanding how breath molecules are related to diseases, mechanisms and pathways identified from experimental analytical measurements is challenging due to the lack of an organized resource describing breath molecules, related references and biomedical information embedded in the literature. To provide breath VOCs, related references and biomedical information, we aim to organize a database composed of manually curated information and automatically extracted biomedical information. First, VOCs-related disease information was manually organized from 207 literature linked to 99 VOCs and known Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms. Then an automated text mining algorithm was used to extract biomedical information from this literature. In the end, the manually curated information and auto-extracted biomedical information was combined to form a breath molecule database—the Human Breathomics Database (HBDB). We first manually curated and organized disease information including MeSH term from 207 literatures associated with 99 VOCs. Then, an automatic pipeline of text mining approach was used to collect 2766 literatures and extract biomedical information from breath researches. We combined curated information with automatically extracted biomedical information to assemble a breath molecule database, the HBDB. The HBDB is a database that includes references, VOCs and diseases associated with human breathomics. Most of these VOCs were detected in human breath samples or exhaled breath condensate samples. So far, the database contains a total of 913 VOCs in relation to human exhaled breath researches reported in 2766 publications. The HBDB is the most comprehensive HBDB of VOCs in human exhaled breath to date. It is a useful and organized resource for researchers and clinicians to identify and further investigate potential biomarkers from the breath of patients. Database URL: https://hbdb.cmdm. tw
Late Relapse of Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery: Not Rare, but Not a Failure

OBJECTIVE To characterize the status of cardiometabolic risk factors after late relapse of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify factors predicting relapse after initial diabetes remission following bariatric surgery to construct prediction models for clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Outcomes of 736 patients with T2DM who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at an academic center (2004–2012) and had ≥5 years’ glycemic follow-up were assessed. Of 736 patients, 425 (58%) experienced diabetes remission (HbA1c <6.5% [48 mmol/mol] with patients off medications) in the 1st year after surgery. These 425 patients were followed for a median of 8 years (range 5–14) to characterize late relapse of diabetes. RESULTS In 136 (32%) patients who experienced late relapse, a statistically significant improvement in glycemic control, number of diabetes medications including insulin use, blood pressure, and lipid profile was still observed at long-term. Independent baseline predictors of late relapse were preoperative number of diabetes medications, duration of T2DM before surgery, and SG versus RYGB. Furthermore, patients who relapsed lost less weight during the 1st year after surgery and regained more weight afterward. Prediction models were constructed and externally validated. CONCLUSIONS While late relapse of T2DM is a real phenomenon (one-third of our cohort), it should not be considered a failure, as the trajectory of the disease and its related cardiometabolic risk factors is changed favorably after bariatric surgery. Earlier surgical intervention, RYGB (compared with SG) and more weight loss (less late weight regain) are associated with less diabetes relapse in the long-term.