Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Analysis and Genetic Relationship of Rasbora spp. in Sarawak, Malaysia

The genus Rasbora is one of the most species-rich genus among the freshwater fishes and cryptic diversity has been a major hindrance in species identification in the past four decades due to their high similarities in terms of morphology. This study aimed to investigate this issue both morphologically and molecularly. In this study, a total of 23 morphometric parameters were used to differentiate the 103 Rasbora fish samples harvested from different regions of Sarawak state of Malaysia via Multivariate Stepwise Discriminant Function Analysis (SDFA). Then, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was utilised to further distinguish 33 of these fishes, followed by sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Our results unravelled pre-anal length as strongest morphometric discriminant (100%) and that all eight Rasbora species tested are monophyletic except for R. sumatrana and R. caudimaculata, revealing possible cryptic Rasbora species. Further investigations are vital to enrich the data from this study for Rasbora cryptic diversity and conservation studies in future.
Comment to the IJC on proposed water quality standards for the Red River at Emerson

In its proposal (Figure 6) the International Red River Board Water Quality Committee (IRRB) reports that phosphorus concentrations in the Red River at Emerson have increased dramatically since the 1990s and continue to increase in even the most recent years. The increase is closely associated with increased algal biomass in general in Lake Winnipeg (McCullough et al. 2012) and with increased frequency and magnitude of surface blooms of Cyanobacteria (bluegreens) in particular (Binding et al. 2019). There is a wealth of evidence in the scientific literature indicating that this can be reversed by reducing phosphorus loading to the lake, and in consequence, I fully support water quality objectives that would have the effect of reducing phosphorus load at the U.S.-Canada border, in the lower Red River, and in Lake Winnipeg.
A testing scenario for probabilistic processes

We introduce a notion of finite testing, based on statistical hypothesis tests, via a variant of the well-known trace machine. Under this scenario, two processes are deemed observationally equivalent if they cannot be distinguished by any finite test. We consider processes modeled as image finite probabilistic automata and prove that our notion of observational equivalence coincides with the trace distribution equivalence proposed by Segala. Along the way, we give an explicit characterization of the set of probabilistic generalize the Approximation Induction Principle by defining an also prove limit and convex closure properties of trace distributions in an appropriate metric space.
Blinded with Science or Informed by Charts? A Replication Study

We provide a reappraisal of Tal and Wansink's study “Blinded with Science”, where seemingly trivial charts were shown to increase belief in drug efficacy, presumably because charts are associated with science. Through a series of four replications conducted on two crowdsourcing platforms, we investigate an alternative explanation, namely, that the charts allowed participants to better assess the drug's efficacy. Considered together, our experiments suggest that the chart seems to have indeed promoted understanding, although the effect is likely very small. Meanwhile, we were unable to replicate the original study's findings, as text with chart appeared to be no more persuasive - and sometimes less persuasive - than text alone. This suggests that the effect may not be as robust as claimed and may need specific conditions to be reproduced. Regardless, within our experimental settings and considering our study as a whole (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{N}=623$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="24tvcg01-dragicevic-2744298-ieq-1-source.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>), the chart's contribution to understanding was clearly larger than its contribution to persuasion.
Sürekli Optimizasyon Problemleri için Çoklu Arama Stratejisi Kullanan Fil Sürü Optimizasyonu

The elephant herding optimization (EHO), which imitates social behaviors of the elephants, is recently proposed a swarm intelligence and population-based optimization algorithm. Although EHO is a good at local search, it is not effective on the global search due to the rapid loss of population diversity. In the basic EHO method, a single solution search equation is used for the generating the new individuals. Therefore, it is insufficient on the solving the problems which have different characteristics and the exploring the search space effectively. In this study, in order to overcome these problems and to provide a balance between exploration and exploitation, elephant herding optimization using multi-search strategy (Multi-EHO) has been proposed which inspired by the search strategies of the most well-known optimization techniques. For the comparison of the proposed method and the basic EHO, the CEC2015 benchmark set with 15 different functions is used. In addition, to validate the performance of Multi-EHO, the proposed method is compared with the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) proposed in recent years. Experimental results show that the proposed method has more successful and more robust performance than other methods.
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles.

An important problem in embryology is whether the differentiation of cells depends upon a stable restriction of the genetic information contained in their nuclei. The technique of nuclear transplantation has shown to what extent the nuclei of differentiating cells can promote the formation of different cell types (e.g. King & Briggs, 1956; Gurdon, 1960c). Yet no experiments have so far been published on the transplantation of nuclei from fully differentiated normal cells. This is partly because it is difficult to obtain meaningful results from such experiments. The small amount of cytoplasm in differentiated cells renders their nuclei susceptible to damage through exposure to the saline medium, and this makes it difficult to assess the significance of the abnormalities resulting from their transplantation. It is, however, very desirable to know the developmental capacity of such nuclei, since any nuclear changes which are necessarily involved in cellular differentiation must have already taken place in cells of this kind.
Assessing Building Energy Performance via Selection of Representative Simulation Days

Simulation-based evaluation and analysis of building system control performance and associated annual energy estimations can become both resource and timeintensive for advanced optimization-based control algorithms. Here we devise a data-driven analysis approach to select a representative subset of test days in a test year, such that those representative days capture seasonal weather variability patterns. We then only compute the energy performance for these representative days and use this reduced data set to compute approximate energy performance estimates for the remaining days through standard prediction approaches. This approach enables us to compute approximate annual energy estimations for building control systems with reduced computation requirements and good accuracy. We evaluate the proposed approach for a few building types and under differing climatic conditions.
Bayesian Abductive Logic Programs

In this paper, we introduce Bayesian Abductive Logic Programs (BALPs), a new formalism that integrates Bayesian Logic Programs (BLPs) and Abductive Logic Programming (ALP) for abductive reasoning. Like BLPs, BALPs also combine first-order logic and Bayesian networks. However, unlike BLPs that use logical deduction to construct Bayes nets, BALPs employ logical abduction. As a result, BALPs are more suited for solving problems like plan/activity recognition and diagnosis that require abductive reasoning. First, we present the necessary enhancements to BLPs in order to support logical abduction. Next, we apply BALPs to the task of plan recognition and demonstrate its efficacy on two data sets. We also compare the performance of BALPs with several existing approaches for abduction.
There is a simplicity bias when generalising from ambiguous data

How exactly do learners generalise in the face of ambiguous data? While there has been a substantial amount of research studying the biases that learners employ, there has been very little work on what sorts of biases are employed in the face of data that is ambiguous between phonological generalisations with different degrees of complexity. In this article, we present the results from three artificial language learning experiments that suggest that, at least for phonotactic sequence patterns, learners are able to keep track of multiple generalisations related to the same segmental co-occurrences; however, the generalisations they learn are only the simplest ones consistent with the data.
The primary objective of a rubella immunization program- me is to prevent the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) (1). Vaccination programmes have eliminated or greatly decreased the rubella incidence and CRS in some developed countries

The primary objective of a rubella immunization programme is to prevent the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) (1). Vaccination programmes have eliminated or greatly decreased the rubella incidence and CRS in some developed countries (2-4). For example, since the licensure of the rubella vaccine in 1969, the numbers of reported cases of rubella and CRS have decreased by over 99% in the United States (2, 3). However, by 1997, 78 countries (92% of industrialized countries, 36% of countries in economic transition, and 28% of developing countries) had included the rubella vaccine in their national immunization programmes (5). In Korea, rubella vaccine had not been incorporated into the national immunization programmes until 2000. However, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been distributed free of charge in public health centers for over 10 yr and used at private sectors with a charge. Since 1997, a two-dose MMR vaccination programme was recommended in Korea. The immunization rate of MMR has been over 80% since 1990 in a population under 2 yr, but the 2nd dose immunization rate was not high (<30%) among elementary school students (6). Because rubella had not been a notifiable disease in Korea until 2000, there are insufficient data on the incidence of rubella and CRS. Like measles and mumps, rubella has also showed a periodic epidemic feature every 4-5 yr. During the outbreak from March to April 1996, 4,581 cases of rubella were reported to the national centers by temporary surveillance system (7). This outbreak also occurred among the vaccinated student population. To prevent CRS, knowledge on the rubella immunity in childbearing age women is important. However, it is not sufficient without information on the seroprevalence of children, because virus circulation usually begins among children to spread out to adults. Moreover, in spite of the immunization program for women at childbearing age, when virus circulation continues among children, a few susceptible pregnant women can be infected (8). Therefore, it is necessary to identify seroprevalence of children as a source of infection. The aim of the present study was to determine the age-specific rubella seroprevalence and the related factors among elementary school students from 1993 to 1999 in Gyeonggi Province, Korea.
Water Relations of Crocodilian Eggs: Management Considerations

This paper reviews knowledge about water relations of the eggs of Crocodylus porosus and makes it clear that, It is clear that, for a crocodile farmer, more information is needed to establish the relationship between the visible signs that occur at different incubation humidities and the fitness of resultant hatchlings. It may turn out that water availability, like temperature, has subtle but important effects which should not be overlooked.
Surface and Wake Pressure Fluctuations of a Cylinder in Transitional Flow Regime

Flow around a circular cylinder is investigated experimentally for a range of Reynolds numbers 0.6×10& ≤ Re* ≤ 1.2×10&. Simultaneous time-resolved surface pressure measurements, planar Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-PIV) measurements, and pressure field estimations from the PIV measurements allow analysis of pressure variations in the near wake and their impact on surface pressure fluctuations. The results are used to identify variations in flow and loading characteristics with Reynolds number as well as flow events leading to cycleto-cycle modulations in surface pressures and, hence, structural loads.
Optimal Screening of Children with Acute Malnutrition Requires a Change in Current WHO Guidelines as MUAC and WHZ Identify Different Patient Groups

Background Timely treatment of acute malnutrition in children <5 years of age could prevent >500,000 deaths annually. Screening at community level is essential to identify children with malnutrition. Current WHO guidelines for community screening for malnutrition recommend a Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) of <115 mm to identify severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, it is currently unclear how MUAC relates to the other indicator used to define acute malnutrition: weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ). Methods Secondary data from >11,000 Cambodian children, obtained by different surveys between 2010 and 2012, was used to calculate sensitivity and ROC curves for MUAC and WHZ. Findings The secondary analysis showed that using the current WHO cut-off of 115 mm for screening for severe acute malnutrition over 90% of children with a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) <−3 would have been missed. Reversely, WHZ<−3 missed 80% of the children with a MUAC<115 mm. Conclusions The current WHO cut-off for screening for SAM should be changed upwards from the current 115 mm. In the Cambodian data-set, a cut-off of 133 mm would allow inclusion of >65% of children with a WHZ<−3. Importantly, MUAC and WHZ identified different sub-groups of children with acute malnutrition, therefore these 2 indicators should be regarded as independent from each other. We suggest a 2-step model with MUAC used a screening at community level, followed by MUAC and WHZ measured at a primary health care unit, with both indicators used independently to diagnose severe acute malnutrition. Current guidelines should be changed to reflect this, with treatment initiated when either MUAC <115 mm or WHZ<−3.
Differential Regulation of Ceruloplasmin Isoforms Expression in Macrophages and Hepatocytes

L. Marques1,2, A. Auriac3,4,5, A. Willemetz6, J. Banha1,2, B. Silva1, F. Canonne−Hergaux3,4,5,6, L. Costa1,2 1National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; 2 Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Sciences Faculty, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal; 3INSERM U1043-CPTP, Toulouse, F-31300, France; 4CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France; 5Universite de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300, France; 6Centre de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, UPR 2301, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Low Cost Device for ”At Home” Rehabilitation After a Stroke Event

Abstract The paper proposes a design solution for a low cost device with feedback for upper extremity rehabilitation after a stroke event. Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CVA is the most important cause of long-term disability in Europe, and demographic changes have led to an increase in both incidence and prevalence of this. Most secondary stroke disability is recovered in a few months, but others may persist for life. The rehabilitation should be started as soon as there is a greater chance of recovery in this early stage. Disabilities get worse and remain permanent over time, which is why is recommended the establishment of a rehabilitation program as soon as possible. Today, the use of virtual reality environments allow patients to perform tasks that mimic real life in rehabilitation clinics, but it tends increasingly more in the future these tasks can be done at home, sending data and receiving feedback from doctors. The devices presented in this paper are not only mechanical devices that allow the movement on a certain direction with predetermined effort degree for the patient, possibly controlled by the force of the muscle activity (EMG), but are innovative devices with the possibility to record a full set of biomedical signals. The patient device can record one or more biomedical parameters such as electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate (HR), electromyography (EMG), non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), oxygen concentration in the blood (SpO2), movement speed and acceleration, angle of motion of a body extremity, torsion, s.a. according to the physician’s prescription and the patient needs. This means that the patient device will be very flexible and can communicate with other medical devices for home use
Trial watch

During the past 20 years, dozens—if not hundreds—of monoclonal antibodies have been developed and characterized for their capacity to mediate antineoplastic effects, either as they activate/enhance tumor-specific immune responses, either as they interrupt cancer cell-intrinsic signal transduction cascades, either as they specifically delivery toxins to malignant cells or as they block the tumor-stroma interaction. Such an intense research effort has lead to the approval by FDA of no less than 14 distinct molecules for use in humans affected by hematological or solid malignancies. In the inaugural issue of OncoImmunology, we briefly described the scientific rationale behind the use of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy and discussed recent, ongoing clinical studies investigating the safety and efficacy of this approach in patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this exciting area of clinical research, focusing on high impact studies that have been published during the last 15 months and clinical trials launched in the same period to investigate the therapeutic profile of promising, yet hitherto investigational, monoclonal antibodies.
Lithocholic Acid Extends Yeast Chronological Lifespan, Drives the Evolution of Longevity Regulation Mechanisms in Ecosystems and Suppresses Mitochondrial Deficiency Causing a Neurological Disorder in Humans

This thesis describes studies in which the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a model organism for uncovering mechanisms underlying aging of eukaryotic cells. We identified lithocholic acid (LCA), a bile acid, as a natural compound that increases the chronological lifespan of yeast cultured under longevity-extending caloric restriction (CR) conditions by targeting lipid metabolism. Our findings revealed mechanisms by which LCA extends yeast chronological lifespan, drives the evolution of longevity regulation within ecosystems, and suppresses mitochondrial deficiency known to cause a neurological disorder in humans. We demonstrated that the age-dependent dynamics of the mitochondrial tubular network regulates longevity of chronologically aging yeast by modulating age-related apoptosis. This mitochondria-controlled form of programmed apoptotic death is elicited by the efflux of the pro-apoptotic proteins cytochrome c, Aif1p and Nuc1p from mitochondria in reproductively mature yeast cells that enter stationary growth phase; furthermore, this form of age-related apoptotic death depends on the metacaspase Yca1p. We provided evidence that the CR diet delays the fragmentation of the mitochondrial tubular network during early stationary phase. This, in turn, slows down the age-related exit of pro-apoptotic proteins from mitochondria, attenuates apoptotic cell death, and ultimately prolongs lifespan. Our findings also revealed that LCA further increases the chronological lifespan of CR yeast by preventing mitochondrial fragmentation during late stationary phase, thus averting the age-related exit of pro-apoptotic proteins from mitochondria and inhibiting programmed apoptotic cell death. Moreover, findings reported in this thesis imply that LCA extends longevity of chronologically aging yeast only if added at certain critical periods of their lifespan. Based on these findings, we propose a hypothesis of a biomolecular longevity network undergoing a stepwise progression through a series of checkpoints in chronologically aging yeast. In this thesis we also propose a hypothesis in which LCA - as well as other interspecies chemical signals released into the environment - create xenohormetic, hormetic and cytostatic selective forces driving the ecosystemic evolution of longevity regulation mechanisms. Moreover, findings described in this thesis suggest a previously unknown mechanism by which LCA suppresses mitochondrial deficiency causing the late-onset Leigh syndrome, a severe neurological disorder in humans.
Genome evolution and evolutionary systems biology

Slow but not low: genomic comparisons reveal slower evolutionary rate and higher dN/dS in conifers compared to angiosperms Background: Comparative genomics can inform us about the processes of mutation and selection across diverse taxa. Among seed plants, gymnosperms have been lacking in genomic comparisons. Recent EST and full-length cDNA collections for two conifers, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), together with full genome sequences for two angiosperms, Arabidopsis thaliana and poplar (Populus trichocarpa), offer an opportunity to infer the evolutionary processes underlying thousands of orthologous protein-coding genes in gymnosperms compared with an angiosperm orthologue set. Results: Based upon pairwise comparisons of 3,723 spruce and pine orthologues, we found an average synonymous genetic distance (dS) of 0.191, and an average dN/dS ratio of 0.314. Using a fossil-established divergence time of 140 million years between spruce and pine, we extrapolated a nucleotide substitution rate of 0.68 × 10-9 synonymous substitutions per site per year. When compared to angiosperms, this indicates a dramatically slower rate of nucleotide substitution rates in conifers: on average 15-fold. Coincidentally, we found a threefold higher dN/dS for the spruce-pine lineage compared to the poplar-Arabidopsis lineage. This joint occurrence of a slower evolutionary rate in conifers with higher dN/dS, and possibly positive selection, showcases the uniqueness of conifer genome evolution. Conclusions: Our results are in line with documented reduced nucleotide diversity, conservative genome evolution and low rates of diversification in conifers on the one hand and numerous examples of local adaptation in conifers on the other hand. We propose that reduced levels of nucleotide mutation in large and long-lived conifer trees, coupled with large effective population size, were the main factors leading to slow substitution rates but retention of beneficial mutations.
Controversy; Optic Neurotomy for CRVO

When several and very different treatment modalities exist for one ailment, it usually means that none of them is generally effective or superior to others. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a condition for which various types of management have been proposed. However, the only standard care suggested by the Central Vein Occlusion Study Group (CVOSG) is panretinal photocoagulation when the condition is complicated by iris neovascularization.1 In 2001, radial optic neurotomy (RON) was suggested by Opremcak2 for treatment of CRVO. This therapeutic modality has raised much debate among authorities. Herein, we present the opposing views of two vitreoretinal specialists regarding this issue.