Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who Cares? Between-group variation in alloparental caregiving in sperm whales

Although the details of the various systems of allocare in primates, rodents, and carnivores have been well described, little is known about the existence of alloparental care in cetaceans. It is believed that the matrilineal social organization of the sperm whale functions to provide vigilant allomothers for calves at the surface while mothers make deep dives for food. Sperm whale females do have a system of allocare, but details are unknown. This study aimed to elucidate sperm whale allocare, in particular: who escorts whose calf and whether or not calves suckle from nonparent females. Using photo identification and behavioral calf follows, we examined patterns of adult--infant interactions for 23 sperm whale calves in the Sargasso and Caribbean Seas. Although multiple individuals of both sexes escorted the calves, the system of escorting differed between the 2 sites. For all calves studied in the Caribbean, we found that 1 female provided most of the allocare but did not nurse the calf, whereas in the Sargasso, multiple females provided care for, and nursed, the young. We discuss differences between populations that may have resulted in the observed differences in these 2 systems of allocare and how these findings fit with current hypotheses on the roles of kin selection and reciprocal altruism in cooperative care in mammals. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
A geologic reconnaissance of parts of Beaverhead and Madison Counties, Montana

This report covers the geologic reconnaissance of approximately 1,300 square miles in parts of Beaverheacl and Madison Counties, southwestern Montana. The area lies between parallels 44°30' N. and 45°10' N. and meridians 112°00' W. and 112°50' W. , and includes the Blacktail Mountains, most of the Snowcrest Range, the southern part of the Ruby Range, the upper part of Ruby River Valley, and parts of the valleys of Beaverhead and Red Rock Rivers. Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary and, to a lesser extent, volcanic rocks underlie the valleys and lowlands; Cretaceous, Triassic, and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks, and Tertiary volcanic rocks form the mountains and highlands. Pre-Cambrian metamorphic rocks, which may be equivalent in part to the Cherry Creek group and in part to the Pony series of Tansley, underlie the southern part of the Ruby Range, the southeastern half of the Blacktail Mountains, and a narrow belt along the west flank of the Snowcrest Range. The Paleozoic rocks consist of the Flathead quartzite and overlying carbonate rocks and shales of Cambrian age, the Jeffers.on (? ) dolomite and Three Forks (? ) shale of Devonian age, the Madison limestone, Amsden (? ) formation, and Quadrant formation of Carboniferous age, and the Phosphoria formation of Permian age. These formations are exposed in the northern part of the Blacktail Mountains and along the west slope and the crest of the Snowcrest Range. The Dinwoody and Thaynes (? ) formations of Triassic age and the Kootenai formation of Lower Cretaceous age occupy a belt west of the Paleozoic rocks in the Snowcrest Range. Upper Cretaceous shales and sandstones underlie the upper part of the valley of Ruby River. Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks occur around the margins of the mountains and in basins between the mountains. These rocks were mapped as a single unit, although they fall into three distinct groups: the lower, which may be Upper Cretaceous, consists of partly tuffaceous sandstones, shales, and grits; the intermediate, which is probably early Tertiary, consists of fanglomerate and conglomerate with subordinate interbedded limestone and tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone; and the upper, which is early or middle Tertiary, consists of dominantly tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone. Rocks of the lower and intermediate groups have not been dated with certainty. The upper group contains rocks of Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly Miocene age. Rhyolitic and intermediate flows and tuffs of early Tertiary age and basalt flows of probable Pliocene age occur in a few places. Two small granitic intrusive bodies, probably of late Cretaceous and early Tertiary age, were identified.
Optional Activities as a Way to Improve Student Engagement and Academic Achievement in a Large Engineering Class

Engineering programs across North America have been experiencing drops in enrolment and high attrition rates. While there are many reasons for t his situation, there is evidence that students do not e ngage with the content and that instructional strategies are not addressing their learning needs. Yet a large body o f research exists, showing that active, collaborative learning engages, motivates and empowers students and improves their learning. The literature review also indicates that students are more engaged and better results are achieved when instructors widen their r ange of instructional strategies, providing support for various learning styles among their students. There is no d oubt that as class sizes continue to grow, the goal of k eeping the students meaningfully engaged and motivated can be challenging. However, the author's experiences in teaching large cohorts of engineering students show that a considerable improvement in student engagement and more importantly, in academic achievement, can be attained despite the large class size. In this pape r, the author presents results of a two-year study that id entified positive correlations between the students' engagement in a variety of optional activities designed to suppor t a wide range of learning styles, and their academic perfor mance as well as their satisfaction.
Feature extraction and selection strategies for automated target recognition

Several feature extraction and selection methods for an existing automatic target recognition (ATR) system using JPLs Grayscale Optical Correlator (GOC) and Optimal Trade-Off Maximum Average Correlation Height (OT-MACH) filter were tested using MATLAB. The ATR system is composed of three stages: a cursory regionof- interest (ROI) search using the GOC and OT-MACH filter, a feature extraction and selection stage, and a final classification stage. Feature extraction and selection concerns transforming potential target data into more useful forms as well as selecting important subsets of that data which may aide in detection and classification. The strategies tested were built around two popular extraction methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Performance was measured based on the classification accuracy and free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) output of a support vector machine(SVM) and a neural net (NN) classifier.
The Life Cycle of Northern Hemisphere Downward Wave Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere

AbstractThe life cycle of Northern Hemisphere downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere via wave reflection is analyzed. Downward wave coupling events are defined by extreme negative values of a wave coupling index based on the leading principal component of the daily wave-1 heat flux at 30 hPa. The life cycle occurs over a 28-day period. In the stratosphere there is a transition from positive to negative total wave-1 heat flux and westward to eastward phase tilt with height of the wave-1 geopotential height field. In addition, the zonal-mean zonal wind in the upper stratosphere weakens leading to negative vertical shear.Following the evolution in the stratosphere there is a shift toward the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the troposphere. The pattern develops from a large westward-propagating wave-1 anomaly in the high-latitude North Atlantic sector. The subsequent equatorward propagation leads to a positive anomaly in midlatitudes. The near-surface tempera.
IN SILICO STUDIES ON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION OF DNA GCC- BOX BINDING DOMAIN OF BRASSICA NAPUS DREB1 PROTEIN

DREB1 is a transcriptional factor, which selectively binds with the promoters of the genes involved in stress response in the plants. Homology of DREB protein and its binding element have been detected in the genome of many plants. However, only a few reports exist that discusses the binding properties of this protein with the gene (s) promoter. In the present study, we have undertaken studies exploring the structure-function relationship of Brassica napus DREB1. Multiple sequence alignment, protein homology modeling and intermolecular docking of GCC-box binding domain (GBD) of the said protein was carried out using atomic coordinates of GBD from Arabdiopsis thaliana and GCC-box containing DNA respectively. Similarities and/or identities in multiple, sequence alignment, particularly at the functionally important amino acids, strongly suggested the binding specificity of B. napus DREB1 to GCC-box. Similarly, despite ~56% sequence homology, tertiary structures of both template and modeled protein were found to be extremely similar as indicated by root mean square deviation of 0.34A. More similarities were established between GBD of both A. thaliana and B. napus DREB1 by conducting protein docking with the DNA containing GCC-box. It appears that both proteins interact through their βsheet with the major DNA groove including both nitrogen bases and phosphate and sugar moieties. Additionally, in most cases the interacting residues were also found to be identical. Briefly, this study attempts to elucidate the molecular basis of DREB1 interaction with its target sequence in the promoter.
Economic effects of the invasive worm Marenzelleria spp. in the Baltic Sea

Impacts of alien marine species on ecosystem services have been documented in numerous studies, but studies on the estimation of costs with an explicit quantification of the impact channels are lacking. We calculated costs of the invasive worm Marenzelleria in the Baltic Sea, which affects sea bottoms capacity to store nutrients. A reduced capacity implies higher costs for reaching nutrient reduction targets. Therefore, the costs were calculated by taking the difference in minimum costs of attaining nutrient targets with and without the presence of the invasive species. To this end, we developed a simple dynamic model which captures the effect of the invasive species on the decay rates of nutrient pools in different and interconnected sea basins in the Baltic Sea. Evidence and numerical estimates were found for a decrease in sequestration of phosphorus in the different sea basins caused by the occurrence of the invasive worm. The results indicated a cost of this effect that ranges between 167 billion SEK and 732 billion SEK depending on the effect of Marenzelleria on sequestration of phosphorus. This cost corresponds to 0.02-0.08% of total gross domestic product of the nine coastal countries. However, the cost is unevenly distributed among the countries, where Poland bears the largest part because of its large phosphorus loads and access to low cost options.
Financial Intermediation in Developed Countries: Heterogeneity, Lengthening and Risk Transfer

We built an original database of flow of funds financial accounts in order to assess the final destination of households' financial wealth. Our method based on matrix calculation stepwise makes all financial intermediaries transparent. We reject the usual dichotomy between bankand market-based systems. The diversity of monetary and non-monetary financial intermediaries' roles includes various ways of interpenetration - consolidation in Europe, credit risk transfer techniques in the U.S. - and the lengthening of the intermediation chain. Based on the same function of transformation of indirect debt securities, it reinforces the Gurley and Shaw's unifying definition of financial intermediation.
The P* model and its performance for the Spanish economy

The performance of the P* model is tested as an inflation forecaster for the Spanish economy. It is shown that log-run relationships work as expected according to the model and the Quantitative Theory of Money. The Error Correction Model constructed by using the gap between actual prices and the long-term equilibrium price level as an error correction term, offers a consistent explanation for the short-run dynamics in prices. On the other hand, the P* approach shows a forecasting ability similar to that presented for other countries in several studies, although the degree of accuracy in the prediction is not specially satisfactory, mainly for the period 1989:3- 1992:3, when the credibility effect generated by the inclusion of the Spanish peseta in the European Monetary System led to an inflation rate much lower than that predicted by the model. Results support the option of a direct inflation target (instead of a monetary aggregate) as the intermediate variable of the monetary policy.
Comparison of clinical staging of benign and malignant ovarian tissues with DNA flow cytometry

The prevention, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer are major issues. The outcome of patients with advanced ovarian cancer is poor despite aggressive therapy including surgery, combination drug chemotherapy and radiation treatments. From the literature, the direct correlation between DNA ploidy and survival is greatly enhanced using high resolution DNA measurements, which results in a coefficient of variation (CV) range between 1%-2% (1.42 ± 0.19, n=66) for trout red blood cells (TRBC) and 2%-3% (2.18 ± 0.46 SD, n=22) for tonsil nuclei derived from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (deparaffinated). DNA nuclear determinations from 50 ovarian cancer and 21 benign patients is presented. This was accomplished by measuring the DNA content of nuclei simultaneously isolated from deparaffinated tissues, stained with the fluorescent DNA specific dye, 4’, 6-diamidino-1-phenylindole (DAPI) and analyzed on a high resolution flow cytometer. A high percentage of aneuploidy (92.0%) was determined from the ovarian cancer patients, especially of the aneuploid DNA histogram types, such as hypodiploid, multiploid and hypertetraploid (64.0%), which have shown poor prognosis in a variety of cancers including ovarian. Furthermore, aneuploidy was detected in 23.8% of the benign patients. DNA flow cytometry may complement pathological assessment of ovarian cancer to better determine malignancy, thus justifying a closer follow-up with more specialized approaches to treatment in clinical trials that involve new therapies including the use of chemically defined, natural products, which may help offset the overall poor prognosis seen in ovarian cancer.
PlasmaMembrane Transporters inModern Liver Pharmacology

e liver plays a crucial role in the detoxi�cation of drugs used in the treatment of many diseases. e liver itself is the target for drugs aimed tomodify its function or to treat infections and tumours affecting this organ. Both detoxi�cation and pharmacological processes occurring in the liver require the uptake of the drug by hepatic cells and, in some cases, the elimination into bile. ese steps have been classi�ed as detoxi�cation phase 0 and phase III, respectively. Since most drugs cannot cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion, the involvement of transporters is mandatory. Several members of the superfamilies of solute carriers (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins, with a minor participation of other families of transporters, account for the uptake and efflux, respectively, of endobiotic and xenobiotic compounds across the basolateral and apical membranes of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. ese transporters are also involved in the sensitivity and refractoriness to the pharmacological treatment of liver tumours. An additional interesting aspect of the role of plasma membrane transporters in liver pharmacology regards the promiscuity ofmany of these carriers, which accounts for a variety of drug-drug, endogenous substances-drug and food components-drug interactions with clinical relevance.
The Influence of Banking Centralisation on Depositors: Regional Heterogeneities in the Transmission of Monetary Policy

This study examines whether regionally and nationally branching banks set deposits interest rates differently. This assessment of the UK retail deposit market between 1992 and 2008 indicates regional banks set deposit interest rates in a manner distinct to nationally branching banks. This deviation between changes in the market interest to retail interest rates is characterized by a non-linear mean reverting process. Deposit interest rates offered by regional banks also display lower levels, a slower response to wholesale interest rate increases and a swifter response to wholesale interest rate falls, relative to national banks. It is concluded this evidence is consistent with distinct monetary conditions existing in the UK regions.
WHOLE-GRAIN RICE FLAVOR ASSOCIATED WITH ASSORTED BRAN COLORS

Recognition of the health benefits of whole-grain and pigmented bran rice has resulted in their increased consumption. Bran contributes fiber, minerals, vitamins and an array of phytonutrients to the diet. Understanding flavor differences arising from bran pigmentation helps consumers choose the best rice for their use. Ten panelists trained in descriptive analysis developed 25 descriptors to describe whole-grain rice flavor and evaluated the flavor of 22 rice samples with white, light-brown, dark-brown, red and black bran. Brown rice had more intense grainy/starchy, cooked cereal and corn/popcorn/buttery flavors. Black rice was higher in oily, darkberry, medicinal and smoky/burnt flavors. Red rice had greater intensities for beany, animal/wet dog and earthy flavors. The darker cultivars tend to have more bitter taste and astringent mouthfeel. This lexicon enhances the understanding of flavors associated with rice bran color. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Whole-grain rice is unpolished or unmilled rice with the bran layers retained. The bran layer has many nutrients that are removed during polishing (milling). Because of the health benefits of keeping the bran layer intact, whole-grain rice has experienced an increase in demand worldwide. Milled-rice flavor has been characterized, but whole-grain rice has a different flavor profile due to the bran. This new whole-grain rice flavor lexicon describes the flavor attributes and differences between bran color and types of whole-grain rice.
Various Issues in Expert System for Information Management and Audit

Today’s organization are more concerned towards the security of information. This can be achieved with the help auditing technique. Due to complex process, we move to expert system for auditing. In this paper we will discuss expert systems for information security management and auditing and various implement issues in expert system. Keywords—audit, information, security, expert system
The Use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for �uanti�cation of �dulteration in �irginWalnut �il

Currently, the authentication of virgin walnut oil (VWO) has become very important due to the possible adulteration of VWOwith cheaper plant oils such as soybean oil (SO), puer tea seed oil (PO), and sun�ower oil (SFO). Methods involving Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques (partial least square) were developed for quanti�cation of SO, PO, and SFO in VWO. IR spectra of oil samples were recorded at frequency regions of 4000–650 cm on horizontal attenuated total re�ectance (HATR) attachment of FT-IR. PLS model correlates the actual and FT-IR estimated values of oil adulterants (SO, PO, and SFO) with coefficients of determination (RR) of 0.9958, 0.9925, and 0.9952, respectively. e obtained RMSEC values of SO, PO, and SFO in VWO are 1.35%, 1.85%, and 1.43% (v/v), respectively. e method, therefore, has potential as a rapid method for quanti�cation of product adulteration.
Morphometric characters and diet of hunted red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) in Portugal

Nous avons etudie, a l'aide de 14 criteres, les caracteres morphometriques et la possibilite de differenciation sexuelle chez des perdrix rouges, Alectoris rufa, tuees a la chasse en octobre et decembre 1992 dans trois populations du centre (Pernes-Santarem, n = 69) et du nord (Lamego, n = 21, et Vimioso, n = 14) du Portugal. Nous avons egalement etudie le regime alimentaire de ces perdrix par l'analyse des contenus des jabots non-vides (37 en novembre et 66 en decembre). Des differences ont ete constatees (P < 0,01 ou P < 0,05) entre les valeurs moyennes des criteres morphometriques des coqs et des poules. Ceux qui permettent le mieux de differencier les sexes sont la largeur du tarse au niveau des ergots [10,44 ± 2,31(ecart type) mm chez 37 coqs vs 6,26 ± 0,51(ecart type) mm chez 22 poules, taux d'erreur 5 %, Pernes-Santarem] et le poids (469, 74 ± 33,54 g chez 39 coqs vs 410,17 ± 18,91 g chez 30 poules, taux d'erreur 12 %, Pernes-Santarem]. Des variations morphometriques ont ete constatees entre les individus provenant de differents parties du pays, notamment dans la largeur et la longueur du tarse et dans les longueurs des doigts. L'utilisation de ces criteres a permis d'observer pour ces populations un gradient decroissant nord-sud correspondant a des valeurs decroissantes des criteres. Le regime alimentaire de la perdrix rouge etait essentiellement constitue de matieres vegetales (feuilles, tiges, graines et fruits). Il a evolue entre novembre et decembre: les graines et les fruits presents dans 73 % des jabots en novembre ont ete remplaces par des feuilles et des tiges, presentes dans 88 % des jabots en decembre. L'importance, dans le regime alimentaire, des especes vegetales cultivees (avoine, Avena sp., vigne, Vitis sp., etc.) et sauvages souligne le role de l'amenagement de l'agriculture dans l'amelioration des ressources alimentaires de l'espece. La variation du regime alimentaire dans le temps et dans l'espace est la reflet d'une strategie alimentaire opportuniste pratiquee par la perdrix rouge.
Arthritis psoriatica (Psoriasisarthritis)

P . b . b . G Z 0 2 Z 0 3 1 1 0 8 M , V e r l a g s p o s t a m t : 3 0 0 2 P u r k e r s d o r f , E r s c h e i n u n g s o r t : 3 0 0 3 G a b l i t z Indexed in SCOPUS/EMBASE/Excerpta Medica www.kup. at/mineralstoffwechsel Österreichische Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie Österreichische Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie Offizielles Organ der Österreichischen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des Knochens und Mineralstoffwechsels Member of the Arthritis psoriatica
Treatment performance of integrated biological aerated filter by orthogonal experiments

Biological aerated filters have many advantages such as small volume and high treatment efficiency. This research focused on sewage treatment performance of integrated biological aerated filter (IBAF) under different conditions such as aeration, hydraulic retention time and the height of fillers layer, to identify the turn of marked affecting factor of removal performance through orthogonal experiments, optimize the function parameter of IBAF, reveal the regularity of sewage treatment of IBAF under different conditions, and adopt suitable measures to guarantee excess water quality of IBAF.