Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Audit on Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Introduction: Paediatric respiratory disease is an important cause of morbidity in both the developing as well as the developed world. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) means that an infection of the lung caused by multiple microorganisms acquired outside the hospital setting, leading to inflammation of the lung tissue. It is typically associated with fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and tachypnea, but symptoms may be non-specific in young children. Radiographic changes may be useful to confirm the diagnosis. It remains an important cause of death in children throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Patients and methods Clinical audit on management of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) among children admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in the period from 1st of January to 31st of December 2016. According to the guidelines of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in infants and children recommended by the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, August 2011. Results: Our study was done on children with Community Acquired Pneumonia and was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), Assuit University Children Hospital in in the period from 1st of January to 31st of December 2016. Our study included sixty cases of them were 36 cases (60%) and 24 cases (40%). Their ages ranging from 3 months up to 17 years. Fifty five out of sixty cases (91.7%) were presented with history of fever while forty five cases (75%) were presented with history of cough. According to WHO guidelines for criteria of respiratory distress in children with pneumonia the most common sign of respiratory distress was pulse oximetry measurement <90% on room air as it was in fifty-two cases (86.7%), followed by tachypnea was in forty four cases (73.3%), altered mental status in thirty-five cases (58.3%) and chest retraction in twenty-five cases (41.7%), grunting was in twenty-three cases (38.3%), dyspnea in eighteen cases (30%). Apnea was in fifteen cases (25%) while there was no case presented with nasal flaring.
Migration of scattered teleseismic body waves

SUMMARY The retrieval of near-receiver mantle structure from scattered waves associated with teleseismic P and S and recorded on three-component, linear seismic arrays is considered in the context of inverse scattering theory. A RayzBorn formulation is proposed which admits linearization of the forward problem and economy in the computation of the elastic wave Green’s function. The high-frequency approximation further simpli¢es the problem by enabling (1) the use of an earth-£attened,1-D reference model, (2) a reduction in computations to 2-D through the assumption of 2.5-D experimental geometry, and (3) band-diagonalization of the Hessian matrix in the inverse formulation. The ¢nal expressions are in a form reminiscent of the classical diiraction stack of seismic migration. Implementation of this procedure demands an accurate estimate of the scattered wave contribution to the impulse response, and thus requires the removal of both the reference wave¢eld and the source time signature from the raw record sections. An approximate separation of direct and scattered waves is achieved through application of the inverse free-surface transfer operator to individual station records and a Karhunen^Loeve transform to the resulting record sections. This procedure takes the full displacement ¢eld to a wave vector space wherein the ¢rst principal component of the incident wave-type section is identi¢ed with the direct wave and is used as an estimate of the source time function. The scattered displacement ¢eld is reconstituted from the remaining principal components using the forward freesurface transfer operator, and may be reduced to a scattering impulse response upon deconvolution of the source estimate. An example employing pseudo-spectral synthetic seismograms demonstrates an application of the methodology.
An entropy-based methodology for detecting Online Advertising Fraud at scale

Programmatic online advertising allows advertisers to di- versify their budget dynamically, set the desired context of publishers content, and target a specific audience. Besides, it is accessible to all budgets. Despite these notable benefits, programmatic advertising has the drawback of being highly exposed to fraud. The detection of fraudulent activities is a difficult task due to the limited information exchanged between ad-networks and the large volume of publishers and traffic sources (IPs). In general, identifying participants in ad-fraud requires a large effort, while recreating a fraudulent system from different IPs targeting new publishers is relatively easy. In this paper, we propose an efficient and scalable solution to deterministic ad-fraud. The traffic patterns of ad-fraud bots can be identified using the concept of entropy from information theory. We develop a normalized entropic score to identify the domains involved in ad-fraud and the IPs from which the ad-fraud bots operate. We also describe a lightweight and scalable modular system for fraud mitigation that allows not only to filter out evident fraud, but also configure diffeerent levels of suspicious activity. Given the complexity of evaluating the potential fraud, the system is configurable letting advertisers to decide the level of risk they are willing to take. As reducing the risk involves increasing the number of false positives, we propose a multi-level scheme with a bank of bloom filters with different price limits to soften the trade-off.
Pigeonpea hybrids – A review

The present review focuses on international and indigenous research efforts in developing pigeonpea hybrids for harnessing higher productivity per se, strengthening of seed research and seed production. Hybrid vigour and exploitation of heterosis for earliness, uniformity in maturity, better partitioning and yield potential of hybrids has been reviewed critically. Availability of male sterility, genetic as well as cytoplasmic and genetics of male sterility have been evaluated. Development and diversification of male sterility system led to release of hybrids viz., ICPHB, PPH4, IPH732 and AKPH 4101 etc. Due to lack of effective seedling markers, hybrids based on GMS have limited scope, however, efforts are on in stabilizing cytoplasmic male sterility and its use in development of hybrids with increased yield potential in pigeonpea.
Developmental and mortality responses of Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) following partial feeding on Bt-transgenic maize

Objective: To determine i) the susceptibility of different instars of Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt maize (expressing Cry1Ab) and ii) the effects of transient feeding on Bt maize plants at the 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th instars on the development of C. partellus and S. calamistis. Methodology and Results: First to 5 th instars of C. partellus and S. calamistis were reared on non-Bt vs. Bt plant material for five days and larval mortality assessed. For the development study, 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th instars of C. partellus and S. calamistis were fed on Bt maize stems for 24h, then reared on non-Bt maize stems, and development monitored. Controls were fed on non-Bt maize only. The 1 st instars were more susceptible to the Bt plants than the later instar stages. The duration of most stem borer instars were significantly prolonged at the instar at which feeding on Bt maize took place. Conclusion and application of findings : Third to 5 th stem borer instars, which are the preferred hosts of larval parasitoids, are less susceptible to Bt delta endotoxins. It is therefore likely that larval parasitoids would be exposed to Bt toxins via their hosts. The prolongation of development time of the insect pests as a result of feeding on Bt maize could result in increased attack rates by parasitoids due to increase in the ‘window of vulnerability ’, the period during which the host is exposed to natural enemies. The combined effects of developmental delays may also result in temporal asynchrony of stem borer moths produced from Bt and non-Bt maize, a factor that would need to be considered in designing resistance management strategies.
Biological reduction and removal of Np(V) by two microorganisms

The majority of the radionuclides generated by the nuclear fuel cycle can be removed during established remediation processes. However among the long-lived, R-emitting actinides neptunium(V) is recalcitrant to removal from solution by physicochemical or biotechnological methods. The latter include a biocrystallization process, based on the enzymatic liberation of phosphate as a precipitating ligand by a Citrobacter sp. , which was previously shown to precipitate tetravalent actinides such as Th(IV) and Pu(IV) as their corresponding phosphates. Np(V) was reduced to a lower valence (probably Np(IV)) by ascorbic acid or biologically, using the reductive capability of Shewanella putrefaciens, but reduction alone did not desolubilize Np. However Np(V) was removed by the two organisms, S. putrefaciens and Citrobacter sp. in concert; bioreduction to Np(IV) by S. putrefaciens, together with phosphate liberation by the Citrobacter sp. , permitted bioprecipitative removal of 237 Np as well as its daughter 233 protactinium. Tests were made possible by a novel technique permitting actinide separation by paper chromatography followed by quantification of the radioactive species using a phosphorImager. This study has implications for the development of methods to remove Np(V) from solution, by the simple combination of two biotechnological methods, which can succeed where chemical treatments are ineffective.
EEG-based "walking" of a tetraplegic in virtual reality

A high spinal cord injured tetraplegic patient was able to generate bursts of beta oscillations in the EEG by imagination of foot movements [1]. Only one single EEG channel was analyzed and classified sample-by-sample by a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) and used asynchronously to control a virtual environment (VE). The used VE was a virtual street populated with 15 avatars [2]. The patient was placed with his wheelchair in the middle of a 4-wall-projection CAVE and his task was to “walk” towards the end of the virtual street by movement imagination of his paralyzed feet. Every time he was passing by an avatar he had to stop very close to it. The avatar started talking to the patient if he was standing still for one second. After a while, by free will, the subject could imagine the next foot movement and started walking again, till the end of the street was reached.
Effects of estuarine acidification on predator–prey interactions

Short-term experiments exposing calcifying organisms to acidification have revealed altered growth and strength of their exoskeletons. We tested the hypothesis that multi-generational exposure to sustained estuarine acidification from runoff from acid sulphate soils (ASS) would: (1) reduce the shell strength of sessile or relatively immobile wild benthic invertebrates and (2) as a consequence render these invertebrates that rely on armour for anti-predator defence more susceptible to generalist benthic predators. First, we compared the force required to break the exoskeletons of Saccostrea glomerata, Bembicium auratum, and Heloecius cordiformis be tween replicate south-east Australian mangrove forests close to (acidified) and away from (reference) major ASS outflow drains. Second, we assessed differences in the susceptibility of oysters from acidified and reference forests to predation by the generalist muricid gastropod Morula marginalba. Mollusc shells were significantly weaker at ASS-affected than at reference sites, but the strength of crab carapaces was not influenced by acidification. Oysters from acidified sites were consumed by M. marginalba at a faster rate than oysters from reference sites in choice and nochoice experiments because M. marginalba required less time to drill through weaker shells. Many other predators such as crabs are generalist feeders that consume prey at rates inversely proportional to their shell strength. Hence, in the absence of effects of acidification on the ability of these predators to consume prey, molluscs at acidified sites may also be more susceptible to other such predators. This study highlights how human stressors can rapidly alter predator–prey interactions that have evolved over many years.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES BY MICROORGANISMS

Due to unusual optical, chemical and electrical properties of nanoparticles, making of them is very important. Nanoparticles are used in many respects in the biotechnology and industry, for example in the fields of catalysts, optics, life sciences, pharmacy, medicine, mechanics, magnetism and energy science. Variety of techniques for making of metal n anoparticles are chemical recovery using regenerative materials, aerosol technique, electrochemical deposition, photochemical recovery, laser exposure and . But as the term of green nanotechnology has emerged that a lot of attention has attracted and includes a wide range of processes that reduce or eliminate toxic substances to restore environment. Green Nanotechnology also seek more effective alternatives for energy production (e.g. solar and fuel cells). In green nanotechnology, for the synthesis of nanoparticles microorganisms are used. Well known that many microorganisms, aggregate inorganic material within or outside the cell to form nanoparticles. For example, single cell organisms like magnetic bacteria produce magnetic nanoparticles and Dyatumeh produce nano-particles of quartz and other bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeast produce various kind of nanoparticles i.e silver, gold, CdS, Bismut, TiO 2, SiO 2 and so on. In this article we research about the use of microorganisms in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles.
Semantic Categorization of Unfamiliar Tunes in Older and Younger Adults

The process of learning the categories of new tunes in older and younger adults was examined for this study. Tunes were presented either one or three times along with a category name to see if multiple repetitions aid in category memory. Additionally, to examine if an association may help some listeners, especially older ones, to better remember category information, some tunes were presented with a short associative fact; this fact was either neutral or emotional. Participants were tested on song recognition, fact recognition, and category memory. For all tasks, there was a benefit of three presentations. There were no age differences in fact recognition. For both song recognition and categorization, the memory burden of a neutral association was lessened when the association was emotional.
The Impact of Directed Lending Programs on the Credit Access of Small Businesses in India: A Firm-level Study

This paper studies the impact of a policy package aimed at increasing access to bank credit of small firms at the national level in India. In 2006, the Government of India expanded the pool of small firms eligible for directed credit under a nation-wide credit program, by changing the criterion that determined the small business status of firms across all industries. Exploiting the expansion in the pool of small firms eligible for directed lending, I analyze the crowding out of previously eligible firms by recently eligible firms. I also study the growth in credit experienced by small firms from sources other than bank credit. I find that recently eligible firms not only disproportionately increased their bank credit stock relative to previously eligible firms, but also increased borrowings from other sources of credit. In other words, I find no evidence of substitution of other forms of credit with bank loans for recently eligible firms.
Evidence of Evergreen Conifer Invasion into Larch Dominated Forests During Recent Decades in Central Siberia

Models of climate warming predict the migration of “warm-adapted” species to habitats of “cold-adapted” species. Here we show evidence of the expansion of “dark-needle” conifers (DNC: Siberian pine, spruce and fir) into the habitat of larch, the leader in adaptation to harsh climatic conditions in Asia. The studies were made along two transects oriented from the western and southern borders of a larch dominated forest to its center. The invasion of DNC into the historical larch habitat was quantified as an increase of the proportion of those species both in the overstory and in regeneration. Abundance and invasion potential were expressed using the following variables: (1) Ni and ni – the proportion of a given species in the overstory and in regeneration, respectively, and (2) Ki – “the normalized propagation coefficient” defined as Ki = (ni Ni ) / (ni + Ni). The results show that Siberian pine and spruce have high Ki values both along the margins and in the center of zones of absolute larch dominance even where their presence in the overstory is <1%. There is a tendency for Ki to increase for DNC and birch from south to north and from west to east. The age structure of regeneration showed that regeneration occurred mainly during the last 2-3 decades. In particular, warm winter temperatures promote the survival of regenerated Siberian pine. The results obtained indicate the climate-driven migration of Siberian pine, spruce and fir into traditional zone of larch dominance. Substitution of a deciduous conifer (larch) by evergreen conifers decreases the albedo and may provide positive feedback for temperature increases.
A Primer on Human Capital

This note summarizes some of the key contributions in the macro- and micro- economic literature on the pathways linking human capital and income growth. Rather than completeness, the objective of this work is to distill some of the most relevant threads in the evolution of these literatures using a human capital lens, with a view to provide a useful yet parsimonious conceptual framework and an update on empirical results. The note first describes the human capital model (section 1). It then outlines the main theoretical elements of growth theory and presents empirical results from the cross-country regressions and development accounting literature to gauge to what extent human capital affects growth at the aggregate level (sections 2, 3 and 4). The note then reviews the micro empirical literature estimating labor income returns of human capital investments (sections 5 and 6). The conclusion draws comparisons between the two empirical approaches and provides a brief critical assessment on how to interpret the empirical results. Investing in human capital is a promising strategy to attain stable and positive growth. The magnitude of the effects is country-specific and varies depending on the population of interest, the policy under consideration, and the human capital component considered.
Towards sustainable synthesis of pyren-1-yl azoliums via electrochemical oxidative C–N coupling

Electrosynthesis of 1-methyl-3-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate via oxidative C–N coupling of pyrene with methylimidazole is optimized with the aim to reduce waste and simplify the experimental setup. Several parameters are tested such as cell configuration (number of compartments), pyrene concentration, amount of nucleophile, electrosynthetic method (potentiostatic/galvanostatic), amount of electrons, atmosphere (Ar/air), solvent quality and presence/absence of a supporting electrolyte. The optimized conditions are successfully applied to the synthesis of 1-methyl-3-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-4-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium tetrafluoroborate and 3-(pyren-1-yl)-benzothiazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate. These four pyren-1yl-azolium salts are characterized by NMR, MS, elemental analysis, UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy. The X-ray crystallographic structures of 1-methyl-3-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate and 1-methyl-3-(pyren-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate are presented.
A one-step optimal energy decay formula for indirectly nonlinearly damped hyperbolic systems coupled by velocities

In this paper, we consider the energy decay of a damped hyperbolic system of wave-wave type which is coupled through the velocities. We are interested in the asymptotic properties of the solutions of this system in the case of indirect nonlinear damping, i.e. when only one equation is directly damped by a nonlinear damping. We prove that the total energy of the whole system decays as fast as the damped single equation. Moreover, we give a one-step general explicit decay formula for arbitrary nonlinearity. Our results shows that the damping properties are fully transferred from the damped equation to the undamped one by the coupling in velocities, different from the case of couplings through displacements as shown in \cite{AB01, ACK01, AB02, AL12} for the linear damping case, and in \cite{AB07} for the nonlinear damping case. The proofs of our results are based on multiplier techniques, weighted nonlinear integral inequalities and the optimal-weight convexity method of \cite{AB05, AB10}.
Foreign-Invested Enterprises in China : Development and Sustainability

The objective of this study was to illustrate the development and sustainability for foreign-invested enterprises in China. Banks would react to banking regulation of Basel III. The traditional loans are very costly in capital. Banks restrict lending and treat lending as a marketing tool. Foreign-invested enterprises will be difficult to get the traditional loans. The development of peer to peer (P2P) leading perform will be targeted for the foreigninvested enterprises‟ new financing channel in China and the world. Also, brand name is the key factor for enterprise survival. It represents the commercial integrity. Foreigninvested enterprises can use the concept of creating shared value (CSV) as reference to sustain their business in China.
The Impact of Practicing Interactional Justice on Employees Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the Jordanian Ministry of Justice

This study aimed to identify the level of practicing interactional justice in the Jordanian ministry of justice and its effect on employees. It also, tries to measure the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) exercised by employees from the view point of their managers. There were two types of questionnaires designed to achieve the objectives of this study and test its hypotheses. The first questionnaire was distributed to a sample of (98) employees to measure their perceived interactional justice level of practice. The second one was distributed to a sample of (20) managers, in order to measure their perceived (OCB) level exercised by their subordinate. The results of data analysis revealed that workers sense of interactional justice was moderate with general average of (3.44). The level of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) by employees from the perspective of their superiors came moderately with general average of (3.48). There's a statistically positive significant effect of interactional justice practice on organizational citizenship behavior exercised by the Jordanian Ministry of Justice employees. There is no statistically significant differences of respondents answers to the level of interactional justice practice due to demographic variables. There is no statistically significant differences of respondents answers (Managers) to the level of (OCB) of their subordinates depending on the variables related to(age, qualification), while there is a statistically significant differences in their answers due to the variables of gender and in favor of males, and years of service and for the category of 16 years and older. Keywords: Interactional Justice, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Organizational Justice