Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple anxiety disorder comorbidity in patients with mood spectrum disorders with psychotic features.

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated frequencies and clinical correlates of multiple associations of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social phobia in patients with severe mood disorders. METHOD Subjects were 77 consecutively hospitalized adults with psychotic symptoms and with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, major depression, or schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type. Principal diagnosis and comorbidity were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Patient Version. RESULTS Of the entire cohort, 33.8% had a single anxiety disorder and 14.3% had two or three comorbid diagnoses. Patients with multiple comorbidity had significantly higher scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and SCL-90 and abused stimulants more frequently than did those without anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Multiple associations of panic disorder, OCD, and social phobia are not rare among patients with affective psychoses and are likely to be associated with more severe psychopathology than is found in patients without anxiety disorders.
Combined low-dose clozapine with low-dose aripiprazole in a schizophrenic patient

Aripiprazole, a partial dopaminergic agonist, represents a well-tolerated and effective addition to the antipsychotic armamentarium. However, accumulated data indicates that aripiprazole may still induce extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) in susceptible patients. Guidelines for treating schizophrenia have consistently recommended antipsychotic monotherapy. Nevertheless, in certain clinical situations, a thorough evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio suggests that combinations of antipsychotic agents may improve treatment efficacy and tolerability. We report a schizophrenic patient for whom sequential administration of aripiprazole and risperidone induced severe EPS, and subsequent combination therapy with of clozapine and aripiprazole achieved adequate symptom control and markedly reduced EPS.
Microbial community composition at an ethane pyrolysis plant site at different hydrocarbon inputs.

Aerobic biodegradation of C5+, a contaminant at ethane pyrolysis plants, consisting mainly of benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and naphthalene, removes all components except the recalcitrant DCPD. The number (N) of total culturable heterotrophs in contaminated and uncontaminated soil cultures increased up to three orders of magnitude upon incubation with C5+, or with C5+ components other than DCPD. Exposure of soil cultures to C5+ for 2-4 weeks and to DCPD for a further 43-52 weeks caused N to increase 3, then decrease two orders of magnitude. Early microbial communities (up to 13 weeks) were dominated by Pseudomonas spp. and late communities (40-60 weeks) by Alcaligenes spp. , especially in contaminated soil cultures. The hydrocarbon used (C5+ or one of its components) was a less important determinant of community composition than incubation time. Rates of aerobic degradation of benzene, toluene and styrene by the soil cultures were greater for the pure components than for the components in the C5+ mixture. The difference was less pronounced for m-xylene. The exception, naphthalene, was degraded more slowly when in pure form. However, the combined rate of all C5+ components in the mixture was similar to the highest rates observed for pure components. We conclude that soil communities efficiently metabolize a C5+ mixture or its pure components and that the community composition is hardly affected by different hydrocarbon inputs. Consequently, determination of the community composition does not provide a good indicator of the hydrocarbons being metabolized.
A Walking Education Program for Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Theory and Intervention Strategies

This work was supported by NIH Multipurpose Arthritis Center Program grant no. 1 P60 AR38520-01A1, and in part by a predoctoral research fellowship grant to Dr. Kovar from the Arthritis Foundation. We thank Dr. Kate Long of the Stanford Arthritis Center, for providing numerous helpful suggestions m the early stages of developing this program; our colleagues at the Cornell Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases Center, Dr. Mary Charlson and Dr. Mark Kasper, for reading and commenting on several drafts of the manuscript; and Dr. Lawren Daltroy, of the Multipurpose Arthritis Center at the Bngham and Women's Hospital, and the anonymous reviewers, whose helpful comments and editorial guidance enabled us to improve the manuscript. Portions of this paper were presented at the Northeast Arthritis Health Professions Association, May 19, 1990, New York, NY, and the 41st Annual Meeting of the Society for Public Health Education, October 5, 1990, New York, NY.
Land cover classification of very high spatial resolution satelite imagery

Classification of Very high-resolution optical sensors imagery into Land Cover/Land use map is an important and challenging task. The detailed visual information of land targets makes the classification task difficult and methods difficult to standardize. In this work, we use an objected orientated approach to classify worldview-2 images into Land Cover maps. The approach applies atmospheric correction to worldview-2 image, segmenting into various polygons and a rule-based decision table is applied to process the image into a land cover map.
Letter: Speaker identification by speech spectrograms; some further observations.

This letter reviews recent research on speaker identification by means of comparisons of speech spectrograms by human observers. Various factors affecting the reliability of identification are discussed, particularly those that would be present in practical forensic situations. Our interpretations of the new data lead us to reiterate our previous conclusion: that the degree of reliability of identification under practical conditions has not been scientifically established.
New Views on Engaruka, Northern Tanzania

This paper describes a large area of stone-built ruins in northern Tanzania which has so far only been briefly excavated, but which is likely to prove to be a key site in the study of the Iron Age in East Africa. In addition to numerous massive stone circles, terraces and cairns, there are extensive systems of fields and enclosures defined with lines of stones. Excavations carried out in 1964 and 1966 have shown that the small terrace-platforms on the hillsides and the stone circles on the flatter land in the valley were occupied at different periods and by different peoples whose pottery is readily distinguishable. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the terrace sites on the hillsides were occupied during the first millennium A.D., and that the stone circles on the lower slopes in the valley were occupied during the fifteenth century A.D. The purpose of the numerous large and well-built cairns is not yet known, but it appears that they were not burial monuments. No evidence has been found that any of the stone structures were built or occupied by immigrants from outside Africa. It has not yet been possible to link the systems of fields and enclosures to the hillside terrace-platforms or to the stone circles. A close examination of the main area of fields and of low-level aerial photographs has not produced any evidence that the fields were irrigated, a fact which raises important agricultural and climatic problems in an area which has an average rainfall of less than 380 mm. (15 inches). The general picture of Engaruka which emerges is of an area which was occupied by different peoples at different times over a period of at least a thousand years. The stone structures which these different peoples built have accumulated to give the impression that there was once a very large population living in the area; in fact it is possible that this population was always less than 4,000 people at any one time.
Activation of rabbit platelets by Ca2+ influx and thromboxane A2 release in an external Ca2+‐dependent manner by zooxanthellatoxin‐A, a novel polyol

1 Zooxanthellatoxin‐A (ZT‐A), a novel polyhydroxylated long chain compound, isolated from a symbiotic marine alga Simbiodinium sp. , caused aggregation in rabbit washed platelets in a concentration‐dependent manner (1–4 μM), accompanied by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). 2 ZT‐A did not cause platelet aggregation or increase [Ca2+]i in a Ca2+‐free solution, and Cd2+ (0.1‐1 mM), Co2+ (1–10 mM) and Mn2+ (1–10 mM) inhibited ZT‐A‐induced aggregation. SK&F96365 (1–100 μM), a receptor operated Ca2+ channel antagonist, and mefenamic acid (0.1–10 μM), a non‐specific divalent cation channel antagonist, inhibited platelet aggregation and the increase in [Ca2+], induced by ZT‐A. 3 Indomethacin (0.1–10 μM), a cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor, and SQ‐29548 (0.1–10 μM), a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist, inhibited platelet aggregation and the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ZT‐A. 4 Methysergide (0.01‐1 μM), a 5‐HT2 receptor antagonist, inhibited ZT‐A‐induced platelet aggregation but did not affect the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ZT‐A. 5 Tetrodotoxin (1 μM), a Na+ channel blocker and chlorpheniramine (1 μM), a H1‐histamine receptor antagonist, neither affected ZT‐A‐induced platelet aggregation nor the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ZT‐A. 6 Genistein (1–100 μM), a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and staurosporine (0.01‐1 μM), a protein kinase C inhibitor, also inhibited ZT‐A‐induced platelet aggregation. 7 The present results suggest that ZT‐A elicits Ca2+‐influx from platelet plasma membranes. The resulting increase in [Ca2+]i subsequently stimulates the secondary release of TXA2 from platelets. Furthermore, the response to ZT‐A may be associated with tyrosine phosphorylation.
Motor dysfunction in mildly demented AD individuals without extrapyramidal signs

Background: Although not as prominent as cognitive decline, motor dysfunction occurs in AD, particularly in the later stages of the disease. Objective: To determine whether early-stage AD is also characterized by motor impairment. Methods: We examined very mildly (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] 0.5) and mildly (CDR 1) demented AD individuals in comparison with healthy elderly control individuals (CDR 0) on a variety of nonmotor cognitive and psychomotor measures and on four motor measures (gait velocity, finger tapping, reaction time, movement time). To minimize the possibility of extrapyramidal dysfunction contaminating the groups, only individuals who were clinically free of extrapyramidal signs were included in the study. Results: Mildly demented AD individuals were slowed on all motor measures except for finger tapping. No evidence of motor dysfunction was found in the very mildly demented AD group. As expected, both AD groups were impaired on the nonmotor cognitive and psychomotor tests. Conclusions: These results indicate that AD alone, in the absence of clinically confirmed extrapyramidal dysfunction, is associated with motor slowing in a stage-dependent manner. It remains to be determined whether this motor slowing represents a general characteristic of mild AD or indicates other neuropathology such as PD or the Lewy body variant of AD.
Design of a Sample-Rate Converter From CD to DAT Using Fractional Delay Allpass Filter

In sampling rate conversion between two different formats, the desired output sample values are the interpolated sample values at noninteger (or, integer) multiples of the original sampling period. In this brief, we present an efficient structure for sampling rate conversion from 44.1-kHz compact disc to 48-kHz digital audio tape formats. For efficient conversion, we propose a new infinite-impulse response (IIR) fractional delay filter based on Thiran-based IIR allpass filter. It is shown that the proposed method requires less hardware complexity and maintains high quality of signal-to-noise ratio compared with other methods
Factor-Independent Assembly of Elongation-Competent Ribosomes by an Internal Ribosome Entry Site Located in an RNA Virus That Infects Penaeid Shrimp

ABSTRACT The Taura syndrome virus (TSV), a member of the Dicistroviridae family of viruses, is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus which contains two nonoverlapping reading frames separated by a 230-nucleotide intergenic region. This intergenic region contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) which directs the synthesis of the TSV capsid proteins. Unlike other dicistroviruses, the TSV IRES contains an AUG codon that is in frame with the capsid region, suggesting that the IRES initiates translation at this AUG codon by using initiator tRNAmet. We show here that the TSV IRES does not use this or any other AUG codon to initiate translation. Like the IRES in cricket paralysis virus (CrPV), the TSV IRES can assemble 80S ribosomes in the absence of initiation factors and can direct protein synthesis in a reconstituted system that contains only purified ribosomal subunits, eukaryotic elongation factors 1A and 2, and aminoacylated tRNAs. The functional conservation of the CrPV-like IRES elements in viruses that can infect different invertebrate hosts suggests that initiation at non-AUG codons by an initiation factor-independent mechanism may be more prevalent.
Emissions in situ de N2O d'un ferralsol argileux malgache cultivé en système sous semis direct ou labour traditionnel

Les activites agricoles contribuent aux emissions d'oxyde nitreux (N2O), un puissant gaz a effet de serre. Cette etude decrit les emissions de N2O dans des systemes de culture de soja sous semis direct sous couverture vegetale (SCV) ou avec labour traditionnel pratique a Madagascar. Les teneurs en azote mineral et en eau dans le sol, principaux facteurs de controle des processus de production du N2O dans un sol cultive, ont ete mesurees au champ en meme temps que les emissions reelles de N2O. Les teneurs en azote mineral sont faibles et analogues pour les 2 systemes. Les resultats montrent que le sol tend a etre plus humide sous SCV que sous labour en debut de saison des pluies mais que les ecarts d'humidite entre les 2 systemes SCV et labour sont limites durant la saison des pluies. L'humidite du sol peut atteindre 50-60%, permettant des conditions propices a la production de N2O par denitrification. Les emissions in situ de N2O restent faibles (< 30 g N-N2O j-1 ha-1), sans doute par manque d'azote mineral. Les emissions sont fortement variables; la difference entre traitements n'est significative que pour une seule date de mesure sur sept, le labour dans ce cas emettant un peu plus de N2O que le semis direct. (Resume d'auteur)
Pathophysiology, assessment and management of multiple sclerosis fatigue: an update

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis, affecting almost 80% of patients with 55% of them reporting it as one of the worst symptoms experienced, often independently of the level of disability. Areas covered: We review the main pathophysiological hypothesis, fatigue assessment scales, and its management. Expert commentary: Fatigue pathophysiology is complex and is often influenced by other secondary but relevant factors (e.g. psychological disturbances, musculoskeletal problems, sleep disorders and medication side effects) which may vary over time. Both peripheral and central mechanisms are implicated. The large heterogeneity of the assessment scales, which were used in the therapeutic trials, is partially responsible for the uncertainty of their results. To date, the best therapeutic approach seems to be from a multidisciplinary management involving exercise, rehabilitation and education in conjunction with medication.
Robust synchronisation of delayed neural networks with both linear and non-linear couplings

In this article, the globally robust synchronisation problem is investigated for an array of coupled neural networks with uncertain parameters and time delays. Both the cases of linear coupling and non-linear coupling are simultaneously taken into account. By resorting to the Kronecker product properties, matrix functional method and matrix inequality techniques are exploited to establish sufficient conditions under which the considered uncertain neural networks are globally robustly synchronised. It is shown that robust exponential synchronisation of the coupled neural networks is guaranteed by a suitable design of the coupling matrix, the inner linking matrix and some free matrices representing the relationships between the system matrices. The conditions obtained are related to several matrix quantities describing the coupling topology. They are expressed in terms of several linear matrix inequalities which can therefore be easily verified by utilising the numerically efficient Matlab LMI toolbox. A commonly used example with chaotic nodes is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronisation scheme.
The Roles of Placental Growth Hormone and Placental Lactogen in the Regulation of Human Fetal Growth and Development

The human growth hormone (hGH)/human placental lactogen (hPL) gene family, which consists of two GH and three PL genes, is important in the regulation of maternal and fetal metabolism and the growth and development of the fetus. During pregnancy, pituitary GH (hGH-N) expression in the mother is suppressed; and hGH-V, a GH variant expressed by the placenta, becomes the predominant GH in the mother. hPL, which is the product of the hPL-A and hPL-B genes, is secreted into both the maternal and fetal circulations after the sixth week of pregnancy. hGH-V and hPL act in concert in the mother to stimulate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) production and modulate intermediary metabolism, resulting in an increase in the availability of glucose and amino acids to the fetus. In the fetus, hPL acts via lactogenic receptors and possibly a unique PL receptor to modulate embryonic development, regulate intermediary metabolism and stimulate the production of IGFs, insulin, adrenocortical hormones and pulmonary surfactant. hGH-N, which is expressed by the fetal pituitary, has little or no physiological actions in the fetus until late in pregnancy due to the lack of functional GH receptors on fetal tissues. hGH-V, which is also a potent somatogenic hormone, is not released into the fetus. Taken together, studies of the hGH/hPL gene family during pregnancy reveal a complex interaction of the hormones with one another and with other growth factors. Additional investigations are necessary to clarify the relative roles of the family members in the regulation of fetal growth and development and the factors that modulate the expression of the genes.
Individual differences in voluntary ethanol consumption lead to differential activation of the central amygdala in rats: relationship to the anxiolytic and stimulant effects of low dose ethanol.

BACKGROUND Although alcohol use disorders and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, the relationship between these 2 disorders is not fully understood. Previous work from our laboratory shows that anxiety-like behavior is highly variable in outbred Long-Evans rats and is related to the level of voluntary ethanol (EtOH) consumption, suggesting that basal anxiety state influences EtOH intake. To further examine the relationship between the acquisition of EtOH consumption and anxiety phenotype, Long-Evans rats were assessed for anxiety-like behavior and neuronal activation following voluntary EtOH consumption in a limited access drinking paradigm. METHODS Rats were allowed to self-administer EtOH (6% v/v) for 4 days using a limited access drinking in the dark paradigm and divided into high- and low-drinking groups based on a median split of average daily EtOH intake. Immediately following the fourth drinking session, animals were tested on the elevated plus maze and evaluated for anxiety-like behaviors. Fos immunoreactivity was assessed in the central and basolateral amygdala, as well as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. RESULTS High EtOH drinkers spent significantly more time on the open arms of the plus maze than low EtOH drinkers. High EtOH drinkers also had increased locomotor activity as compared to both low EtOH drinkers and water drinkers. Fos immunoreactivity was positively correlated with EtOH consumption in all brain regions examined, although Fos-positive cell counts were only significantly different between high and low EtOH drinkers in the central amygdala (CeA). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that outbred rats will voluntarily consume behaviorally effective doses of EtOH in a short-term access model and EtOH consumption is positively correlated with increased neuronal activation in the CeA.
Natural antisense transcripts are significantly involved in regulation of drought stress in maize

Abstract Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are a prominent and complex class of regulatory RNAs. Using strand-specific RNA sequencing, we identified 1769 sense and antisense transcript pairs (NAT pairs) in two maize inbreds with different sensitivity to drought, as well as in two derivative recombination inbred lines (RILs). A significantly higher proportion of NATs relative to non-NATs are specifically expressed under water stress (WS). Surprisingly, expression of sense and antisense transcripts produced by NAT pairs is significantly correlated, particularly under WS. We found an unexpected large proportion of NATs with protein coding potential, as estimated by ribosome release scores. Small RNAs significantly accumulate within NAT pairs, with 21 nt smRNA particularly enriched in overlapping regions of these pairs of genes. The abundance of these smRNAs is significantly altered in the leafbladeless1 mutant, suggesting that these genes may be regulated by the tasiRNA pathway. Further, NATs are significantly hypomethylated and include fewer transposable element sequences relative to non-NAT genes. NAT gene regions also exhibit higher levels of H3K36me3, H3K9ac, and H3K4me3, but lower levels of H3K27me3, indicating that NAT gene pairs generally exhibit an open chromatin configuration. Finally, NAT pairs in 368 diverse maize inbreds and 19 segregating populations were specifically enriched for polymorphisms associated with drought tolerance. Taken together, the data highlight the potential impact of that small RNAs and histone modifications have in regulation of NAT expression, and the significance of NATs in response to WS.
In vivo loss of heterozygosity in T‐cells of B6C3F1 Aprt+/− mice

We have used B6C3F1 mice heterozygous at Aprt (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase) as a model to study in vivo loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in normal splenic T‐lymphocytes. APRT‐deficient T‐cells were selected in medium containing 50 μg/ml 2,6‐diaminopurine (DAP), an adenine analog that is toxic only to cells with APRT enzyme activity. DAP‐resistant (DAPr) T‐cell variants were recovered at an average frequency of 3 × 10−5 from 21 B6C3F1 Aprt+/− mice. Allele‐specific PCR of Aprt showed that about 70% of 122 DAPr colonies were caused by loss of the nontargeted Aprt allele (Aprt+). Analysis of microsatellite markers along the length of chromosome 8 suggested that mitotic recombination, or chromosome loss, with or without duplication of the remaining chromosome are the predominant mechanisms resulting in loss of Aprt+. DNA sequencing of Aprt RT‐PCR products from the DAPr variants that retained Aprt+ indicated that point mutation as well as other mechanisms could cause this second class of variants. The high spontaneous frequency of in vivo Aprt LOH in mouse T‐cells, mediated by LOH mechanisms that are also known to produce human cancers, suggests that the Aprt heterozygous mouse is a valid model for studying the diversity of mechanisms for in vivo somatic mutagenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35:150–157, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.