Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why Are "Others" So Polarized? Perceived Political Polarization and Media Use in 10 Countries

This study tests the associations between news media use and perceived political polarization, conceptualized as citizens' beliefs about partisan divides among major political parties. Relying on representative surveys in Canada, Colombia, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States, we test whether perceived polarization is related to the use of television news, newspaper, radio news, and online news media. Data show that online news consumption is systematically and consistently related to perceived polarization, but not to attitude polarization, understood as individual attitude extremity. In contrast, the relationships between traditional media use and perceived and attitude polarization is mostly country dependent. An explanation of these findings based on exemplification is proposed and tested in an experimental design.
La farsa del neuromarketing

The purpose of this reflection article is to argue that neuromarketing is not an innovative technique and less a science, for this theoretical tracking and analysis of the concept is made. To develop this, on the one hand the theory of Hobbes and Freud is exposed, and the techniques that Edward Bernays Freud (1891) made are presented. On the other hand, the pseudoscientific characteristics of neuromarketing are presented and little practical applicability of neuromarketing is shown. Finally, three conclusions are made based on the ideas of the authors consulted.
Educar en tiempos inciertos

Enguita comienza la obra reflexionando acerca del papel de la escuela en la actualidad, la cuestion de que la institucion escolar es un reflejo de la sociedad en la que se encuentra, y la eterna disyuntiva que incumbe a los educadores: ? Debe la escuela ser precursora de cambio? Debe ser conservadora? En esta sociedad de constante cambio; ? debe la escuela cambiar tambien? Lo que sin duda esta claro es que la escuela se ve arrollada por todos los cambios que se producen (industriales, sociales, demograficos, etc.), y que el papel optimizador de la escuela se ha ido desvaneciendo para ser lo mas parecido a un “guarda ninos”.
Experimental Demonstration of 4×4 MIMO Wireless Visible Light Communication Using a Commercial CCD Image Sensor

We report an experimental demonstration of 4 × 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless visible light communications (VLC) using a charge-coupled device image sensor receiver instead of a photodiode receiver. An image sensor is a kind of digital camera, which is used in most mobile devices such as smart phones or laptop computers and a promising commercial candidate for a VLC receiver. The transmission distance of the experimental result is over 10 m, enough for most indoor communication applications. We expect that the MIMO VLC technique based on image sensor receivers can be widely used with the development of high-speed image sensors.
Développement de méthodologies de synthèse de loi de commande pour le pilotage des lanceurs

Cette these s'inscrit dans un contexte de recherche sur le pilotage des lanceurs en phase de vol atmospherique. Le comportement dynamique des lanceurs est alors caracterise par la presence de couplages dynamiques entre modes flexibles et modes rigides et par une evolution non-stationnaire. La maitrise de ce comportement du point de vue de la synthese de lois de commande s'exprime par des specifications de nature differente : specifications temporelles (rejet de rafale de vent), frequentielles (robustesse aux phenomenes dynamiques negliges) et parametriques (robustesse a la meconnaissance des parametres dynamiques). Cette diversite des objectifs nous a conduit a definir une methodologie de synthese multi-objectif pour les systemes LTI basee sur la Forme Standard de Passage. Nous definissons la Forme Standard de Passage comme solution des problemes H₂et H[indice∞] inverses et nous la caracterisons grâce a la parametrisation de Youla sur la structure Estimation/Commande des correcteurs. Et nous montrons son interet en tant qu'outil methodologique simple et efficace pour la construction de forme standard pour la resolution de problemes de synthese multi-objectif. D'autre part, nous developpons une technique de calcul de la structure Estimation/Commande pour les correcteurs H[indice∞] utilisant la synthese H₂ sous jacente. Cette technique, basee sur les points communs entre synthese H₂ et synthese H[indice∞], permet de maitriser la base de la representation des correcteurs ce qui est necessaire pour l'interpolation des controleurs dans le cadre non stationnaire. L'application au probleme complexe du pilotage d'un lanceur ou a d'autres exemples de la litterature a permis d'eprouver ces techniques et de montrer leur simplicite d'utilisation.
Dynamic Nucleotide Mutation Gradients and Control Region Usage in Squamate Reptile Mitochondrial Genomes

Gradients of nucleotide bias and substitution rates occur in vertebrate mitochondrial genomes due to the asymmetric nature of the replication process. The evolution of these gradients has previously been studied in detail in primates, but not in other vertebrate groups. From the primate study, the strengths of these gradients are known to evolve in ways that can substantially alter the substitution process, but it is unclear how rapidly they evolve over evolutionary time or how different they may be in different lineages or groups of vertebrates. Given the importance of mitochondrial genomes in phylogenetics and molecular evolutionary research, a better understanding of how asymmetric mitochondrial substitution gradients evolve would contribute key insights into how this gradient evolution may mislead evolutionary inferences, and how it may also be incorporated into new evolutionary models. Most snake mitochondrial genomes have an additional interesting feature, 2 nearly identical control regions, which vary among different species in the extent that they are used as origins of replication. Given the expanded sampling of complete snake genomes currently available, together with 2 additional snakes sequenced in this study, we reexamined gradient strength and CR usage in alethinophidian snakes as well as several lizards that possess dual CRs. Our results suggest that nucleotide substitution gradients (and corresponding nucleotide bias) and CR usage is highly labile over the ∼200 m.y. of squamate evolution, and demonstrates greater overall variability than previously shown in primates. The evidence for the existence of such gradients, and their ability to evolve rapidly and converge among unrelated species suggests that gradient dynamics could easily mislead phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary inferences, and argues strongly that these dynamics should be incorporated into phylogenetic models.
A typology of collaborative research networks

Purpose Many studies have investigated how the structure of the collaborative networks of researchers influences the nature of their work, and its outcome. Co-authorship networks (CANs) have been widely looked at as proxies that can help bring understanding to the structure of research collaborative ties. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for describing what influences the formation of different research collaboration patterns. Design/methodology/approach The authors use social network analysis (SNA) to analyze the co-authorship ego networks of the ten most central authors in 24 years of papers (703 papers and 1,118 authors) published in the Proceedings of CASCON, a computer science conference. In order to understand what lead to the formation of the different CANs the authors examined, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with these authors. Findings Based on this examination, the authors propose a typology that differentiates three styles of co-authorship: matchmaking, brokerage, and teamwork. The authors also provide quantitative SNA-based measures that can help place researchers’ CAN into one of these proposed categories. Given that many different network measures can describe the collaborative network structure of researchers, the authors believe it is important to identify specific network structures that would be meaningful when studying research collaboration. The proposed typology can offer guidance in choosing the appropriate measures for studying research collaboration. Originality/value The results presented in this paper highlight the value of combining SNA analysis with interviews when studying CAN. Moreover, the results show how co-authorship styles can be used to understand the mechanisms leading to the formation of collaborative ties among researchers. The authors discuss several potential implications of these findings for the study of research collaborations.
Regulation of cell size in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

For cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the size at initiation of budding is proportional to growth rate for rates from 0.33 to 0.23 h-1. At growth rates lower than 0.23 h-1, cells displayed a minimum cell size at bud initiation independent of growth rate. Regardless of growth rate, cells displayed an increase in volume each time budding was initiated. When abnormally small cells, produced by starvation for nitrogen, were placed in fresh medium containing nitrogen but with different carbon sources, they did not initiate budding until they had grown to the critical size characteristic of that medium. Moreover, when cells were shifted from a medium supporting a low growth rate and small size at bud initiation to a medium supporting a higher growth rate and larger size at bud initiation, there was a transient accumulation of cells within G1. These results suggest that yeast cells are able to initiate cell division at different cell sizes and that regulation of cell size occurs within G1.
What is the evidence for the off-label use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in the acute reversal of warfarin? ASH evidence-based review 2008.

A 47-year-old man presents with hypovolemic shock. He takes warfarin as a result of a mechanical mitral valve insertion 5 years prior, his INR at presentation is 8.4 and emergent CT reveals a very large retroperitoneal he-matoma. Despite aggressive fluid and transfusion support he continues hypotensive, requiring ionotrope support. You are asked if he should receive recombinant factor VIIa. To examine current best evidence of the effect of recombi-nant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) on the reversal of warfarin-induced coagulopathy, we performed a comprehensive computerized literature search of the OVID database using the terms This strategy provided 22 hits. There were 4 additional studies gleaned from the reference list of 2 of the articles. Twelve papers were excluded: 7 were review articles, 5-11 3 described effects of clotting factor concentrates or vitamin K and not rFVIIa, 12-14 1 compared the in vitro antifibrinolytic activity of prothrombin complex concentrates to rFVIIa, 15 and 1 was a case report of rFVIIa in a phenindione overdose. 16 Five case series, 5 case reports, 1 retrospective case-control, 1 retrospective chart review, and 1 database review were retrieved. There was also 1 study involving healthy volunteers that included a dose finding study followed by a randomized controlled trial. The randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial was a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study of 28 healthy volunteers given acenocoumarol followed by rFVIIa (doses ranging from 5 to 320 μg/kg). The dose finding aspect of the study revealed that a single dose of 5 μg/kg normalized the INR for 12 hours and doses >120 μg/kg normalized the INR for 24 hours. The placebo had no effect on the INR. 2 Eight of the retrieved reports involved patients experiencing warfarin-related central nervous system (CNS) bleeds. In one case series, rFVIIa was given to 7 patients with acute CNS bleeds with pretreatment INRs ranged from 1.7 to 6.6. Within 10 minutes of dosing at a range of 10 to 40 μg/kg, all INRs were less than 1.5. All but 1 patient had also received vitamin K and 3 had received fresh frozen plasma (FFP). 17 Another case series presented 7 patients with nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) who received dose ranges of 15 to 90 μg/kg. The INR decreased from a mean of 2.7 (range 1.6-5.6) to a mean of 1.1. All patients also received either or both FFP and vitamin K. 18 Two additional patients with subdural hematomas were described in an abstract. 1 A …
A Rapid and Efficient Method to Obtain Photosynthetic Cell Suspension Cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana

Photosynthetic cell suspension cultures are a useful experimental system to analyze a variety of physiological processes, bypassing the structural complexity of the plant organism in toto. Nevertheless, cell cultures containing functional chloroplasts are quite difficult to obtain, and this process is usually laborious and time-consuming. In this work a novel and rapid method to set up photosynthetic cell suspension cultures from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was developed. The direct germination of Arabidopsis seeds on a sucrose-containing agarized culture medium supplemented with 0.25 μg/ml 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.5 μg/ml 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid caused the straightforward formation of green calli at the level of seedling hypocotyls. The subsequent transfer of these calli in liquid culture medium containing the same concentrations of phytohormones and gradually decreasing sucrose levels allowed for the establishment of chloroplast-containing cell suspension cultures, containing functional chloroplasts, in a much faster way than previously described procedures. Pulse amplitude modulation analyses, measurements of oxygen evolution and electron transport rate, together with confocal and electron microscopy observations, confirmed the photosynthetic efficiency of these cell suspension cultures. The described procedure lends itself as a simple and effective way to obtain a convenient tool for a wide array of structural and functional studies on chloroplasts.
Ovarian teratomas appearing as solid masses on ultrasonography.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and imaging characteristics of ovarian teratomas that appear as solid masses on ultrasonography and to compare the ultrasonographic imaging features of the tumors with their pathologic findings. The ultrasonographic images of 202 ovarian teratomas were reviewed retrospectively. Solid‐appearing masses were selected from among them and were evaluated in terms of internal echotexture, the presence or lack of peripheral hypoechogenicity, posterior sonic attenuation, and tumoral calcification. Seventy‐six (37.6%) masses of 202 belonged to the atypical solid‐appearing masses on ultrasonography. Of 76 masses, 57 (75.0%) had peripheral hypoechogenicity; 38 masses had well‐defined thin hypoechoic rims, whereas 19 had poorly demarcated peripheral hypoechogenicity. Posterior sonic attenuation was evident in 18 (23.7%) masses. The presence of peripheral hypoechogenicity, which is suggestive of the fluid portion of the tumor, might be one of the characteristic findings of solid‐appearing ovarian teratomas on ultrasonography.
Endothelin and vascular reactivity in cirrhosis

Background/Aims: Because the vasodilator nitric oxide is overproduced in cirrhosis, this substance may decrease pressor responses to the vasoconstrictor endothelin 1. This study aimed to examine the effects of a NO synthesis inhibitor (NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester; L‐NAME) on vascular responsiveness to endothelin 1 in normal and cirrhotic rats. Methods: Pressor dose‐response curves to endothelin 1 (0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 10 μg/kg intravenously) were obtained in animals with or without pretreatment with L‐NAME. Results: Pressor responses to endothelin 1 alone were significantly lower in cirrhotic than in normal rats. In cirrhotic animals, pressor responses to 3, 6, and 10 μg/kg of endothelin 1 were significantly higher in the presence than in the absence of L‐NAME. The responses to the other doses of endothelin 1 were not affected by L‐NAME. In normal rats, pressor responses to all doses of endothelin 1 were significantly higher in the presence than in the absence of L‐NAME. In animals pretreated with L‐NAME, pressor responses to 6 and 10 μg/kg of endothelin 1 did not differ between cirrhotic and normal rats, whereas responses to other doses remained lower in cirrhotic than in normal rats. Conclusions: In rats with cirrhosis, NO seems to contribute to vascular hyporeactivity to high doses but not to low doses of endothelin 1.
Verbesserung von Social Navigation durch Identitätsmanagement

Die Benutzer des World Wide Webs werden regelmasig mit seinen vielfaltigen Benutzbarkeitsproblemen konfrontiert. Ein gravierender Mangel liegt dabei darin, dass es bis heute kaum brauchbare Konzepte zur Individualisierung der im Web angebotenen Informationen und Dienste gibt, die auch siteubergreifend einsetzbar waren: Suchmaschinen bieten keine personalisierten Ausgaben, Links sind nur durch die Autoren eines Dokuments zu erstellen und Annotationstechniken konnten sich bis heute nicht durchsetzen. Dieses Paper stellt ein neues Konzept von Social Navigation vor, das eine Identitatsinfrastruktur verwendet, um auch global einsetzbar zu sein und typischer Probleme wie des Kaltstartproblems oder des Sparsity-Problems Herr zu werden. Durch eine Identitatsinfrastruktur werden die sozialen Aspekte der Internetnutzung betont und die Voraussetzungen fur soziales Navigieren verbessert. Es wird ein Prototyp vorgestellt, der diese Konzepte in Teilen realisiert. Abschliesend werden die Ergebnisse einer damit durchgefuhrten Benutzbarkeitsevaluation diskutiert.
Composition of bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fractions of the rumen of sheep as influenced by feed intake.

A study was conducted to determine the effect of the feed intake on the chemical composition of bacteria associated with the solid (solid-associated bacteria; SAB) and liquid (liquid-associated bacteria; LAB) fractions of rumen digesta, the digestive passage kinetics and their relationships. Whole rumen contents were sampled after a period of continuous infusion of 15NH3 from four ruminally-cannulated wethers provided successively with a hay-concentrate diet (2 : 1 w/w on a DM basis) at two rates of feed intake: 40 and 80 g DM/kg body weight 0.75. SAB had a higher content of organic matter and total lipids (P < 0.001) and a similar N content as compared with LAB. The concentration of purines and 15N was lower (P = 0.011 and P < 0.001 respectively) in SAB than LAB, whereas the opposite was observed for the concentration of amino acids (mg/g DM; P = 0.031). An increase in feed intake produced an increase in the N (P = 0.034) and purine (P = 0.066) concentrations in bacteria and a decrease (P = 0.033) in their amino acid concentrations. Significant increases of rumen outflow rates of liquid and particles were also observed with increased feed intake. Rates of rumen outflow showed positive and negative linear relationships (P < 0.001) with the purine : N ratio and the proportion of amino acid on total N of bacteria respectively. SAB contained significantly higher proportions of leucine, isoleucine, lysine and phenylalanine and lower proportions of alanine, methionine and valine than LAB. The increase in feed intake also induced significant changes in the amino acid profile of bacteria, increasing arginine and methionine and decreasing alanine and glycine proportions. Results show that the outflow rate of rumen contents is a major factor in determining the proportion of nucleic acids and protein in rumen bacteria and explains some of the differences observed between LAB and SAB.
Model-based CT performance assessment and optimization for iodinated and noniodinated imaging tasks as a function of kVp and body size.

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to assess the comparative performance of iterative reconstruction in space (IRIS) and filtered back projection (FBP) reconstruction algorithms in terms of image quality and dose across kVps and phantom sizes. METHODS The ACR CT phantom (model 464) was supplemented with the addition of an iodinated spherical capsule (1.5 mm diameter, 3.4 mg iodine per ml) to simulate the contrast filled structures and with an additional circular attachment consisting of an array of 500 um brass beads for spatial resolution measurements. A larger sized phantom was also created by wrapping the original phantom with additional tissue equivalent material of 4 cm thickness. The phantoms were imaged on a 64 detector array multidetector computed tomography scanner (Somatom Definition, Siemens, Germany) using clinically applicable protocols (0.5 s rotation time; 80, 100, 120, and 140 kVp; 64 to 640 mA; 220 to 250 mm field of view). Images were reconstructed using the FBP and the IRIS algorithms. Combining measurements of image noise and spatial resolution with a task function, a figure of merit (FOM) for image quality was generated taking into account the type of visualization required from the image for the detection of either large or small image features with and without iodine content. The FOM was further reported in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AZ) to predict the comparative diagnostic performance of the two algorithms at different dose levels. RESULTS For a given dose level, the predicted AZ for IRIS consistently outperformed that of FBP. At comparative AZ, depending on protocol and task, the dose requirement for the optimal technique (optimized kVp with IRIS) was 2-3 times lower than that for standard technique (120 kVp with FBP). The potential for dose reduction was found to be higher when performing small feature detection tasks in comparison to larger feature detection tasks. The optimal kVp was from 80 to 100 kVp for the small phantom, 100 to 120 kVp for the larger phantom. CONCLUSIONS Overall, greater dose reduction may be achieved with IRIS compared to FBP, with enhanced advantage at thinner slice reconstructions. The results highlight how IRIS may offer a superior balance between image quality and dose across a range of imaging tasks, thus enabling dose reduction at constant quality or image quality improvement at constant dose. The prediction of the investigation can be used toward effective design of subsequent clinical studies.
"Nonavailable" soil cadmium is bioavailable to snails: evidence from isotopic dilution experiments.

Isotopic dilution techniques were initially used to evaluate the bioavailability of trace metals contained in soils to plants, i.e., the phytoavailability. Here, we use for the first time an isotopic technique to evaluate the zooavailability of cadmium (Cd), i.e., the bioavailability to an animal organism. A terrestrial invertebrate, the snail Helix aspersa, was exposed for 14 days to a polluted soil that was spiked with 109Cd. Isotopic composition of snail tissues was then determined, allowing the computing of the L value, which can be considered as a biological estimate of the bioavailable Cd pool in the soil. It showed that the bioavailable pool of Cd to H. aspersa represented 58% of the total soil Cd. The Evalue, a chemical estimate of the soil Cd labile pool, was calculated with short-term isotopic exchange kinetics experiments and a time-dependent model describing the isotopic exchange over time. The E(14 days) value indicated that the labile soil Cd pool represented 49.6% of the total soil Cd. The L value was significantly higher than the E value, showing that snails accessed the nonlabile soil Cd pool, generally considered as nonbioavailable. The nonlabile pool contributed for 16% to the total Cd accumulated by snails. These results showed that the uptake of Cd in the nonlabile pool by soil organisms could be important and should be considered in risk assessment procedures for metal polluted soils.