Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the prolongation of pregnancy less than 32 weeks with PPROM risk or benefit

Objective: To evaluate the perinatal and early neonatal mortality and morbidity in premature infants to 32 weeks after spontaneous preterm original rupture of membranes (PPROM) before their delivery, over a period of 4 years. Methods: Retrospective analysis of premature infants with PPROM that resulted in delivery at less than 32 weeks at our institution from January 2006 to December 2008. The expectant management was used. All liveborn infants were divided according to the latency period into 3 categories (I. 1-48 hrs, II. 48-168 hrs, III. more than 168 hrs). Results: During the study interval, 191 infants with spontaneous PPROM were born before 32 weeks. 102 (49%) newborns were included to Category I, 56 (27%) to Category II, and 49 (24%) to Category III. The gestational age at PPROM in Category III was significantly lower than in Category I and II (24.1 vs 28.1; 28.0; p < 0.0001). The infection was the general cause of delivery in all categories, the fetal apposition with hypoxia were significantly increased in Category II and III than Category I (46%; 42% vs 12%; p < 0.0001) The incidence of chorioamnionitis and funisitis was the same in all three categories. Neonatal mortality and morbidity did not significantly increase with latency period. Conclusion: The prolongation of the latency period in pregnancies to 32 weeks does not deteriorate the neonatal mortality or morbidity.
Women's autonomy, education and birth intervals in India

Using data from the third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) on currently married fecund women who have had at least one birth during 2001–2002 and Cox-proportional hazard models, this study examines the less researched association between women's autonomy and birth-to-conception intervals in India. It also examines whether women's autonomy mediates or moderates the relationship between education and birth-to-conception interval. Our results indicate that after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors, women's autonomy was a significant predictor of birth-to-conception intervals, with higher autonomy positively associated with larger birth-to-conception intervals. Education of women was also independently associated with longer birth-to-conception intervals. However, this study did not provide any support to the general perception that women's autonomy mediates the association between women's education and birth-to-conception interval. Women's autonomy rather than being a mediator acted as a moderator in this association. Policy measures to increase the spacing between births should emphasise not only improving the education of women but also their autonomy.
Effects of carprofen, meloxicam and butorphanol on broiler chickens’ performance in mobility tests

Lame broiler chickens perform poorly in standardised mobility tests and have nociceptive thresholds that differ from those of nonlame birds, even when confounding factors such as differences in bodyweight are accounted for. This study investigated whether these altered responses could be due to pain, by comparing performance in a Group Obstacle test and a Latency to Lie (LTL) test of lame (Gait Score [GS] 2.5–4) and non-lame (GS 0–1) broilers administered analgesia or a saline control. We used exploratory subcutaneous doses of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), meloxicam (5 mg kg) or carprofen (35 mg kg) or the opioid butorphanol tartrate (4 mg kg). We included butorphanol to explore the possibility that NSAIDs could improve mobility by reducing inflammation without necessarily invoking an analgesic effect. Lameness was a significant predictor in all analyses. Neither the number of obstacle crossings nor latency to cross an obstacle was significantly changed by either NSAID, but LTL was longer in lame birds given carprofen and meloxicam than in lame birds given saline. LTL was associated with foot-pad dermatitis and ameliorated by both NSAIDs. Butorphanol did not affect LTL but appeared soporific in the obstacle test, increasing latency to cross and, in non-lame birds, reducing the number of crossings. Combined with data from other studies, the results suggest carprofen and meloxicam had some analgesic effect on lame birds, lending further support to concerns that lameness compromises broiler welfare. Further investigation of opioid treatments and lameness types is needed to disentangle effects on mobility and on pain.
High levels of acetaldehyde and oxidative stress in rat testes after alcohol drinking

En el hombre el consumo excesivo de alcohol está asociado con una disminución en la producción de testosterona y la atrofia testicular. Pudieron observarse consecuencias similares en estudios realizados in vitro en testículos aislados y la producción de testosterona, donde el acetaldehído mostró ser más potente que el alcohol para la supresión de la liberación de la hormona. Estudios previos de este laboratorio reportaron que la fracción microsomal del testículo de rata era capaz de metabolizar el etanol a metabolitos reactivos como el acetaldehído y los radicales libres 1-hidroxietilo. En este trabajo se presenta evidencia de que luego de una dosis única de etanol, el acetaldehído se acumula en el testículo durante las primeras seis horas posteriores al tratamiento para alcanzar concentraciones superiores a las plasmáticas aunque más bajas que en el hígado. Además se encontró que la actividad aldehído deshidrogenasa presente en el testículo es significativamente menor que en el hígado. El consumo de etanol en los animales produjo una susceptibilidad aumentada a la oxidación de los lípidos testiculares, que fue detectada por niveles aumentados de hidroperóxidos de lípidos. Los resultados sugieren que la oxidación in situ del etanol a acetaldehído y a radicales libres y la detoxificación deficiente podrían ser relevantes para explicar los efectos observados.
Energy intake and expenditure of improvised explosive device detection dogs

Improvised explosive device detection (IDD) dogs explore up to 40 km of land daily and therefore have energetic demands that may be above the National Research Council’s requirement for working dogs. This study was designed to quantify metabolic energy intake (MEI) and total energy expenditure (TEE) in a group of IDD dogs. Two groups of dogs that had undergone different training protocols (CP1, n=8 and CP2, n=11) underwent a 5-day deployment simulation that consisted of combined road clearing, orbit and point-to-point activities and lasted approximately 9 h per day. The CP1 dogs were fed according to the IDD Marine Corps Manual, while CP2 dogs were offered additional calories based on pilot study data of energy expenditure. The MEI was calculated based on feed intake rates and chemical composition of the diets. TEE was quantified using the doubly-labelled water technique in 2 of the CP1 dogs and 7 of the CP2 dogs. During the 5-day deployment simulation the MEI ranged from 189-310 kcal/bodyweight (BW)0.75 .
Household resilience to climate change hazards in Uganda

Purpose As climate change shocks and stresses increasingly affect urban areas in developing countries, resilience is imperative for the purposes of preparation, recovery and adaptation. This study aims to investigate demographic characteristics and social networks that influence the household capacity to prepare, recover and adapt when faced with prolonged droughts or erratic rainfall events in Mbale municipality in Eastern Uganda. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional research design was used to elicit subjective opinions. Previous studies indicate the importance of subjective approaches for measuring social resilience but their use has not been well explored in the context of quantifying urban resilience to climate change shocks and stresses. This study uses 389 structured household interviews to capture demographic characteristics, social networks and resilience capacities. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Findings The ability of low-income households to meet their daily expenditure needs, household size, and networks with relatives and non government organizations (NGOs) were significant determinants of preparedness, recovery and adaptation to prolonged droughts or erratic rainfall events. Practical implications The results imply that policymakers and practitioners have an important role vis-à-vis encouraging activities that boost the ability of households to meet their daily expenditure needs, promoting small household size and reinforcing social networks that enhance household resilience. Originality/value Even the low-income households are substantially more likely to prepare for and recover from prolonged droughts or erratic rainfall events if they can meet their daily expenditure needs. This finding is noteworthy because the poorest in society are generally the most vulnerable to hazards.
Évaluation des contraintes psycho-organisationnelles selon le modèle de Karasek chez des salariés de 14 entreprises du secteur privé tunisien

Aim of the study. Mental health is an essential component of occupational health. Evaluation of the extent of psychosocial risk factors allows to guide preventive strategies and to suggest adequate solutions. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence of psycho-organisational constraints among employees working in Tunisian companies. Method. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of employees of eight sectors of activity (14 companies) was carried out. The study was based on a questionnaire exploring their socio-professional characteristics and on the Karasek questionnaire. Results. The number of employees participating in the study was 954. Mean age was 38 8.9 years. Sex ratio was 3. Occupational seniority was 11 8.6 years. Employees belonged to eight activity sectors: agribusiness, wood industry, banking, telecommunication, rubber industry, metal construction, furniture manufacturing and poultry farming. Job-strain prevalence was 17%. It was less important among men and for the over-50s. Discussion. Almost two in ten employees, mainly women and young, were in a job-strain situation. The implementation of strategies to train and inform the targeted population is required (needed? ) to reduce stress factors at work and related pathologies. The occupational physician’s implication to prevent this risk is essential. 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Résumé Introduction. La santé mentale est une composante essentielle de la santé au travail. L’évaluation de l’ampleur des facteurs de risque psychosociaux permet d’orienter les stratégies préventives et d’apporter des solutions adaptées. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer la prévalence des contraintes psycho-organisationnelles au travail auprès de salariés travaillant dans des entreprises tunisiennes. Méthode. Il s’agit d’une enquête transversale descriptive portant sur des travailleurs de huit secteurs d’activité appartenant à 14 entreprises. L’étude s’est basée sur : un questionnaire recueillant les caractéristiques socioprofessionnelles des salariés et l’administration du questionnaire de Karasek. Résultats. L’effectif des travailleurs ayant participé à l’enquête était de 954. L’âge moyen était de 38 8,9 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 3. L’ancienneté moyenne au poste de travail était de 11 8,6 ans. Les travailleurs étaient répartis dans huit secteurs d’activité : agroalimentaire, industrie du bois, bancaire, télécommunication, industrie du caoutchouc, construction métallique, fabrication de meubles et aviculture. Le travail tendu était de 17 %. Il était moins important chez les hommes et chez les plus de 50 ans. Conclusion. Près de deux personnes sur 10 étaient en situation de travail tendu ; surtout les femmes et les jeunes. La mise en place d’une stratégie pour la formation et l’information ciblant ces
How common is comorbidity and why does it occur

Comorbidity is most generally defined as the co-occurrence of two or more mental health problems. Comorbidity between drug and other psychological disorders has emerged as a major clinical, public health and research issue over the past few decades. The reasons for comorbidity are complex. Furthermore, comorbidity is often associated with poor treatment outcome, severe illness course, and high service utilisation. This presents a significant challenge with respect to the identification, prevention and management of people with comorbid disorders. The unmet need for treatment within this group is considerable and the lack of research is unacceptable. This paper will give a brief overview of epidemiological research into comorbidity; and examine the reasons why comorbidity might occur.
Developing Entrepreneurship and Innovation acumen within students

This paper used questionnaires to explore students' interest and understanding of entrepreneurship and innovation. It adopted a problemsolving methodology to develop and test a model that South African Universities of Technology could use to entrench a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation in students. The findings revealed that the majority of students, based on their study level and exposure, were interested in entrepreneurship and innovation. These findings were validated by the use of the developed model. The validation results compared positively with the findings of the questionnaires and also revealed that students were keen to establish business ventures of their own. In general, entrepreneurship and innovation should be entrenched in the curriculum and this paper provided the strategy on how to do so.
Differential Expression of ACTL8 Gene and Association Study of Its Variations with Growth Traits in Chinese Cattle

Simple Summary Marker-assisted selection has a great influence on livestock molecular breeding development. The discovery of key molecular markers that are significantly associated with body size data will accelerate molecular breeding in livestock. In this study, the cattle ACTL8 gene is a critical candidate gene. It was found that there are multiple mutations in the ACTL8 gene that may be used as molecular markers. Our results have shown that the mutations of the ACTL8 gene could have important reference value in molecular breeding for beef cattle. Abstract Mutations are heritable changes at the base level of genomic DNA. Furthermore, mutations lead to genetic polymorphisms and may alter animal growth phenotypes. Our previous study found that mutations in the bovine Actin-like protein 8 (ACTL8) gene may be involved in muscle growth and development. This study explored several mutations of the ACTL8 gene and their influence on body size in Chinese beef cattle, as well as tested the tissue expression profile of the ACTL8 gene in Qinchuan cattle at different ages. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (including one synonymous mutation (c.2135552895G > A)) and two insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels) were identified in the ACTL8 gene from 1138 cattle by DNA-seq, RFLP and other methods. Then, the expression profile of the ACTL8 gene in Qinchuan cattle showed that it was expressed in heart, spleen, lung, liver, muscle, and fat tissues. Moreover, the expression level of ACTL8 was increased with cattle growth (p < 0.01). The ACTL8 mRNA expression level in kidney and muscle tissues was the highest in the calves, while lowest in the fetal stage. Overall, we showed that the mutations could act as markers in beef molecular breeding and selection of the growth traits of cattle.
INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLES OF NOT-FOR-PROFIT CHIEF FIN ANCIAL OFFICERS

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to gain an understandin g of ot-for-profit (NFP) chief financial officers’ (CFOs’) perceptions of their ro le. Enhanced understanding of their role perceptions is achieved through asking the particip ants to not only explain their role but also to provide a metaphor of their role. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach to the inquiry was adopted. Interviews were conducted with 15 Australian NFP CF Os and the transcripts were analysed using a thematic approach. Findings The participants’ perceptions of their roles cluste red around four significant themes of protector, innovator, strategist and supporter. These findings were not dissimilar to published studies of the role of the CFO in forprofit organisations. The distinctive challenges NFP CFOs face due to the unique features of the sector and the individual CFO’s personal philosophies were found to influence role perceptions. Research limitations/implications Although the NFP CFOs came from organisations that may be differentiated on the basis of size and acti vities, nevertheless their perceptions of their role clustered around significant themes. Future re search that focuses on how NFP CFOs address the unique challenges of the sector will be helpful to both existing and aspiring CFOs and those that interact with them such as members o f boards and executive committees. Originality/value While the role of the CFO has been studied both nationally and internationally, the focus of prior studies has bee n CFOs working with for-profit organisations. The unique aspects of this study are that it focuses on NFP CFOs and their roles, additionally metaphors are used to expand un derstandings of role perceptions.
Entomocidal activity of some plant extracts against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky 
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Entomocidal activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of four plant species namely Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton, Lawsonia inermis L. , Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. and Senna obtusifolia L. were evaluated in order to assess their protectant ability to stored sorghum against Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. The botanicals were applied to 20 g of sorghum grains at the rate of 25, 50 and 100 mgml-1, while no extracts was added to the control. Percentage repellency was recorded at 24 h after exposure (HAE) while adult mortalities of the weevils were obtained at 3 days after treatment (DAT). Adult emergence and grain perforations were recorded at 49 and 84 DAT, respectively. Repellency levels of the botanicals against S. zeamais ranged from 87.05 ± 0.45 to 100.00 ± 0.00%. Also, the ethanolic extracts resulted in high adult mortalities of the weevils in the treated sorghum grains. No adult emergence was recorded in grains treated with the botanical extracts. Highest (10.00 ± 2.04%) grain perforations among the treatments were observed in 25 mgml-1 of S. obtusifolia, while 2.50 ± 1.25% was the least in the highest concentration of E. balsamifera. Findings of the study have revealed that the selected botanicals could serve as stored sorghum protectants against S. zeamais infestations. Key words: Adult mortality, adult emergence, grain perforations, plant extracts, repellency levels, Sitophilus zeamais.
LIQUIDS : THE HOLY GRAIL OF MICROFLUIDIC MODELING

ABSTRACT Geleneksel akýþkanlar mekaniði, belir l i benzerl ik parametrelerinin en önemle Reynolds sayýsý eþlendirilmesi durumunda, sývý ve gaz akýþlarý arasýnda bir fark olmadýðýný söyler. Bu durum, nano ve mikrocihazlardaki akýþlar için geçerli olabilir de olmayabilir de. Alýþýlmýþ sürekli ortam, Navier-Stokes modellemesi; makrocihazlarda hem su hem de hava akýþý için olaðan olarak uygulanabilirdir. Hava ve su gibi yaygýn akýþkanlar için bile, bu modellemenin yeterince küçük ölçeklerde baþarýsýz olacaðý açýktýr, fakat maddenin iki formu için bu baþarýsýzlýðýn baþlangýcý farklýdýr. Ayný zamanda, kaymaz, yarýdengeli Navier-Stokes sistemi artýk uygulanabilir olmadýðýnda ise gazlar ve sývýlar için alternatif modelleme þemalarý deðiþik olmaktadýr. Seyreltik gazlar için istatistiksel yöntemler uygulanmaktadýr ve Boltzmann denklemi bu tarz yaklaþýmlarýn temelidir. Sývý akýþlarý için, maddenin yoðun doðasý, gazlarýn kinetik teorisinin kullanýmýný olanaksýz kýlmaktadýr ve sayýsal olarak kuvvetli olan moleküler dinamik benzetimler kökleri ilk prensiplere dayanan tek alternatiftir. Bu makale, mikroölçeklerde sývý ve gaz aktarýmý arasýndaki farklarý vurgulayarak yukarýda bahsi geçen konularý ve çok küçük cihazlarda sývý akýþýna has fiziksel kavramlarý tartýþmaktadýr.
Evolução do Pré-Termo com Displasia Broncopulmonar

follow-up studies on preterm neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia have shown pulmonary function abnormalities, such as airways obstruction, air trapping and bronchial hyperreactivity. The higher respiratory morbidity of the first years of life is accomplished by a higher rate of medication use and health care re-admissions. Along with respiratory morbidity, the patient with bronchopulmonary dysplasia has increased risk for growth retardation, neurodevelopmental disabilities, cardiovascular and renal morbidity. The author presents a brief review of the outcome of the preterm newborn with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and highlights the respiratory aspects. KEY-WORDS: prEtErm nEwbOrn; brOnchOpulmOnAry dysplAsiA; lung functiOn; AirwAys ObstructiOn
KNOWLEDGE OF NURSING PROFESSIONALS ABOUT THE CARE TO DYSPHAGIC PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS Conhecimento da enfermagem sobre cuidados a pacientes disfágicos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva

Purpose: to evaluate the knowledge about the care with dysphagia patients from the nurses who work in intensive care units, in order to evaluate their knowledge about dysphagia, and its implications on intensive care unit patients with this clinical complication. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive and comparative study between two groups of nurses (intensive care and other sectors) working in a University Hospital, who answered a structured questionnaire with questions about dysphagia which was statistically analyzed by Fischer’s test and the Differences in Proportion. Results: professionals in both groups had an adequate knowledge about the definition and complications of dysphagia, but they did not know about the stages, causes and specific care related to nutrition, medication and hygiene in cases of dysphagia, the self-assessment reported lack of training in conducting some procedures to patients with dysphagia. Conclusions: the assessment found that there is a partial theoretical and practical knowledge about nursing care to patients with dysphagia, demonstrating the need for continuing education, especially in intensive care. We suggest the creation of the nursing specialization course in dysphagia.