Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the teratogenicity of the selective ß3-adrenoceptor agonist, CL 316.243 hydrate by employing FETAX (frog embryo teratogenesis assay)

Abstract In this study, the frog embryo teratogenesis assay (FETAX – Xenopus) technique was employed to evaluate the potential teratogenicity of the selective ß-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist, CL 316.243. In this context, CL 316.243 was applied to the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos. The media containing the CL 316.24-exposed embryos were monitored and changed/replaced once every 24 hours. Using FETAX, we determined the minimum concentrations to inhibit growth (MCIG) for CL 316.243. The 96-hour no observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), the 96-hour lowest observable adverse effect concentration (LOAEC), the 96-hour EC50 (malformation) and the 96-hour LC50 (lethal concentration) for mortality and malformation could not be determined because the used concentrations did not affect viability or the presence of abnormalities. On the other hand, the MCIG of CL 316.243 was determined as 1 mg/L. Our results demonstrated that CL 316.243 administration was associated with no of teratogenic and toxic effects. However, from first concentration we used (1 to 5 mg/L) length of embryos reduced significantly (p < 0.001) when compared to control of Xenopus embryos. Further studies should be conducted with different concentrations in order to investigate the optimal concentrations for treating preterm labor with these substances.
Perspective on developing educational lecture videos for power electronics courses

Online learning resources are gaining wider attention, especially as flipped-learning and massive open online courses are becoming more popular. Various types of lecture videos were developed for an introductory power electronics course, implemented based on the flipped learning educational model. The approach and pedagogy is outlined for these flipped-learning courses and video lecture development. Feedback and responses from students is used to evaluate and discuss the effect of video quality on student learning and explore effective video qualities. Generally, self-made and professional videos both show similar learning effectiveness. Student feedback indicates that many students prefer the self-made videos over the professional videos, which takes significantly less prep time for the instructor. Students in the classes generally reacted positively to flipped learning using online lecture videos and expressed a demand for more educational video content on power electronics.
Direct measurement of neutral gas heating in a radio-frequency electrothermal plasma micro-thruster

Direct measurements and modelling of neutral gas heating in a radio-frequency (13.56 MHz) electrothermal collisional plasma micro-thruster have been performed using rovibrational band matching of the second positive system of molecular nitrogen (N2) for operating pressures of 4.5 Torr down to 0.5 Torr. The temperature measured with decreasing pressure for 10 W power input ranged from 395 K to 530 K in pure N2 and from 834 K to 1090 K in argon with 1% N2. A simple analytical model was developed which describes the difference in temperatures between the argon and nitrogen discharges.
EFFECTS OF MUTANT DROSOPHILA K+ CHANNEL SUBUNITS ON HABITUATION OF THE OLFACTORY JUMP RESPONSE

The olfactory-jump response assay was used to analyze habituation in Drosophila mutants of potassium (K+) channel subunits. As with physiological assays of the giant fiber-mediated escape reflex, mutations at loci that encode K+ channel subunits have distinct effects on habituating the olfactory-jump response. The data for slowpoke and ether à go-go indicate similar effects on habituation of the olfactory-jump response and the giant fiber-mediated escape. Habituation in the olfactory jump assay in Hyperkinetic and Shaker mutants was drastically different from the degree of defect in the giant fiber-mediated escape reflex, indicating differential control mechanisms underlying the two forms of non-associative conditioning.
Evaluation of Macrolide Resistance and Enhanced Molecular Typing of Treponema pallidum in Patients with Syphilis in Taiwan: a Prospective Multicenter Study

ABSTRACT Studies of macrolide resistance mutations and molecular typing using the newly proposed enhanced typing system for Treponema pallidum isolates obtained from HIV-infected patients in the Asia-Pacific region are scarce. Between September 2009 and December 2011, we conducted a survey to detect T. pallidum using a PCR assay using clinical specimens from patients with syphilis at six major designated hospitals for HIV care in Taiwan. The T. pallidum strains were genotyped by following the enhanced molecular typing methodology, which analyzed the number of 60-bp repeats in the acidic repeat protein (arp) gene, T. pallidum repeat (tpr) polymorphism, and the sequence of base pairs 131 to 215 in the tp0548 open reading frame of T. pallidum. Detection of A2058G and A2059G point mutations in the T. pallidum 23S rRNA was performed with the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). During the 2-year study period, 211 clinical specimens were obtained from 136 patients with syphilis. T. pallidum DNA was isolated from 105 (49.8%) of the specimens, with swab specimens obtained from chancres having the highest yield rate (63.2%), followed by plasma (49.4%), serum (35.7%), and cerebrospinal fluid or vitreous fluid (18.2%) specimens. Among the 40 fully typed specimens, 11 subtypes of T. pallidum were identified. Subtype 14f/f (18 isolates) was the most common isolates, followed by 14f/c (3), 14b/c (3), and 14k/f (3). Among the isolates examined for macrolide resistance, none had the A2058G or A2059G mutation. In conclusion, we found that type 14 f/f was the most common T. pallidum strain in this multicenter study on syphilis in Taiwan and that none of the isolates exhibited 23S rRNA mutations causing resistance to macrolides.
Crowd science user contribution patterns and their implications

Significance Involving the public in research may provide considerable benefits for the progress of science. However, the sustainability of “crowd science” approaches depends on the degree to which members of the public are interested and provide continued labor inputs. We describe and compare contribution patterns in multiple projects using a range of measures. We show that effort contributions can be significant in magnitude and speed, but we also identify several challenges. In addition, we explore some of the underlying dynamics and mechanisms. As such, we provide quantitative evidence that is useful for scientists who consider adopting crowd science approaches and for scholars studying crowd-based knowledge production. Our results also inform current policy discussions regarding the organization of scientific research. Scientific research performed with the involvement of the broader public (the crowd) attracts increasing attention from scientists and policy makers. A key premise is that project organizers may be able to draw on underused human resources to advance research at relatively low cost. Despite a growing number of examples, systematic research on the effort contributions volunteers are willing to make to crowd science projects is lacking. Analyzing data on seven different projects, we quantify the financial value volunteers can bring by comparing their unpaid contributions with counterfactual costs in traditional or online labor markets. The volume of total contributions is substantial, although some projects are much more successful in attracting effort than others. Moreover, contributions received by projects are very uneven across time—a tendency toward declining activity is interrupted by spikes typically resulting from outreach efforts or media attention. Analyzing user-level data, we find that most contributors participate only once and with little effort, leaving a relatively small share of users who return responsible for most of the work. Although top contributor status is earned primarily through higher levels of effort, top contributors also tend to work faster. This speed advantage develops over multiple sessions, suggesting that it reflects learning rather than inherent differences in skills. Our findings inform recent discussions about potential benefits from crowd science, suggest that involving the crowd may be more effective for some kinds of projects than others, provide guidance for project managers, and raise important questions for future research.
Um estudo sobre a utilização de andragogia no ensino de pós-graduação em Administração

La andragogia, un abordaje de ensenanza con foco en el publico adulto, ha ganado significativa importancia en los ultimos 40 anos, a partir del crecimiento del numero de adultos que estan retornando a las salas de aula. La necesidad de tal abordaje de ensenanza nace de la premisa de que adultos y ninos aprenden de formas diferentes. El presente estudio se situa en el campo de la ensenanza en Administracion y tiene como linea teorica la andragogia como forma de ensenanza. El principal objetivo es identificar la percepcion de alumnos de los cursos de postgrado stricto sensu en Administracion mejor valorados en el estado de Sao Paulo sobre la utilizacion de la andragogia. El estudio posee enfoque cuantitativo y es del tipo exploratorio. El tratamiento de los datos fue realizado mediante estadistica descriptiva y por medio de la tecnica multivariada de Analisis Factorial, a partir de 139 respuestas validas. La investigacion fue aplicada en el curso de postgrado en Administracion stricto sensu de la Facultad de Economia Administracion y Contabilidad de la Escuela de Sao Paulo (FEA-USP) y de la Escuela de Administracion de Empresas de la Fundacion Getulio Vargas (EAESP-FGV). Entre los principales resultados, fue posible identificar cuatro de los seis elementos del proceso de andragogia propuestos por la literatura. Los alumnos perciben la emergencia de un proceso de preparacion, de establecimiento de clima colaborativo, de establecimiento de objetivos y de evaluacion continua del aprendizaje. Por otro lado, no perciben el uso de tecnicas experienciales de aprendizaje en las escuelas. Tambien resalta, en la percepcion del uso de la andragogia, la influencia del nivel academico; sin embargo, edad y experiencia previa como profesor no resultaron en diferencias significativas en esa percepcion
Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in male hemodialysis patients.

To the Editor: The risk for vascular disease is much higher in hemodialysis patients than in the general population [1]. Sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, being overweight, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and smoking are well-established risk factors of cardiovascular disease [2–3]. This study was undertaken to define the influence of sex on the prevalence of conventional risk factors in 54 long-term hemodialysis patients: 24 female, 30 male (mean age in years, 60 12 female and 65 15 male; mean dialytic age in months, 59 48 female and 61 55 male). All patients received thrice-weekly dialysis and ratio of urea clearance times dialysis duration to the volume that the urea is distributed in (Kt/v) was always 1.2. No patients at the time of the study were receiving folate or vitamin B supplements. Total homocysteine (Hcy) was tested by a standard highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and the following biochemical parameters were also tested: albumin (g/L), cholesterol (mg/dL), and triglycerides (mg/dL). Male hemodialysis patients showed significantly higher Hcy levels when compared to female hemodialysis patients (66.8 49.1 vs. 40.6 21.7, P 0.02). Mean plasma—cholesterol (200 40 males vs. 201 46 females); triglycerides (204 126 males vs. 163 64 females); and albumin (20.0 40.3 males vs. 20.1 46.2 females) did not show any statistical difference. The prevalence of hypertension defined as blood pressure 140/80 mm Hg and smoking was similar between the two groups (76% males vs. 69% females). To our knowledge, this is the first observation of a significant difference between male and female serum Hcy levels. This finding may account for the different cardiovascular risk between the 2 populations of HD patients. Therapeutic approaches aimed to treat hyperhomocysteinemia should take into account different cut-off points according to gender.
DMD056341 872..884

Allitinib, a novel irreversible selective inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 1 and human epidermal receptor 2 (ErbB2), is currently in clinical trials in China for the treatment of solid tumors. It is a structural analog of lapatinib but has an acrylamide side chain. Sixteen metabolites of allitinib were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry. The pharmacologically activea,b-unsaturated carbonyl group was the major metabolic site. The metabolic pathways included O-dealkylation, amide hydrolysis, dihydrodiol formation, hydroxylation, and secondary phase 2 conjugation. The metabolite of amide hydrolysis (M6) and 27,28-dihydrodiol allitinib (M10) were the major pharmacologically active metabolites in the circulation. The steady-state exposures to M6 and M10 were 11% and 70% of that of allitinib, respectively. The biotransformation of allitinib was determined using microsomes and recombinant metabolic enzymes. In vitro phenotyping studies demonstrated that multiple cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms, mainly CYP3A4/5 and CYP1A2, were involved in the metabolism of allitinib. Thiol conjugates (M14 and M16) and dihydrodiol metabolites (M5 and M10) were detected in humans, implying the formation of reactive intermediates. The formation of a glutathione conjugate of allitinib was independent of NADPH and P450 isoforms, but was catalyzed by glutathione-Stransferase. P450 enzymes and epoxide hydrolase were involved in M10 formation. Overall, our study showed that allitinib was metabolized by the O-dealkylation pathway similar to lapatinib, but that amide hydrolysis and the formation of dihydrodiol were the dominant metabolic pathways. The absorbed allitinib was extensively metabolized by multiple enzymes.
EFFECTS OF FEMORAL NECK GEOMETRY ON STRESS DISTRIBUTION : IMPLICATION FOR STRESS FRACTURE RISK Liming

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Immunoelectron microscopic localization of lipopolysaccharides in the cell wall of Bacteroides oralis and Fusobacterium nucleatum

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been extracted and purified from two anaerobic gram-negative bacteria: Bacteroides oralis and tfusobacterium nucleatum. Chemical analysis of the preparations showed a great proportion of neutral sugars, mainly glucose, in LPS of B. oralis. In rabbits, LPS of B. oralis induced both immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in contrast to LPS of F. nucleatum, to which only immunoglobulin M antibodies were produced. An immunohistochemical method with horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibodies was used to localize LPS antigens at the ultrastructural level. An electron-dense reaction product, representing an immune complex consisting of bacterial surface antigens and specific rabbit immunoglobulin labeled with peroxidase, was surrounding the cell wall, whereas appropriate controls were negative. The findings of the present study show that LPS of Bacteroides are probably bound to a complex, including glucans, in the outer membrane of the cell wall. LPS of Fusobacterium resemble LPS of other gram-negative bacteria.
Numerical and Experimental Design Validation for Adaptive Efficiency Distribution Compatible to Frequent Operating Range of IPMSM

Numerical design coupled with finite-element method (FEM) has been performed for realizing the adaptive efficiency distribution of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) compatible to the frequent operating range of electric vehicle. In particular, the target operating region is specified with the representative driving modes of heavy-duty vehicle in Braunschweig and Seoul. Considering various control strategies, the dominant electromagnetic losses throughout the whole operating region of IPMSM are numerically identified in association with FEM and employed as design target to minimize. Furthermore, the purposely designed prototype is experimentally validated via the resultant efficiency map built-up by static and dynamic dynamometer tests.
An Endogenous Circadian Rhythm in Sleep Inertia Results in Greatest Cognitive Impairment upon Awakening during the Biological Night

Sleep inertia is the impaired cognitive performance immediately upon awakening, which decays over tens of minutes. This phenomenon has relevance to people who need to make important decisions soon after awakening, such as on-call emergency workers. Such awakenings can occur at varied times of day or night, so the objective of the study was to determine whether or not the magnitude of sleep inertia varies according to the phase of the endogenous circadian cycle. Twelve adults (mean, 24 years; 7 men) with no medical disorders other than mild asthma were studied. Following 2 baseline days and nights, subjects underwent a forced desynchrony protocol composed of seven 28-h sleep/wake cycles, while maintaining a sleep/wakefulness ratio of 1:2 throughout. Subjects were awakened by a standardized auditory stimulus 3 times each sleep period for sleep inertia assessments. The magnitude of sleep inertia was quantified as the change in cognitive performance (number of correct additions in a 2-min serial addition test) across the first 20 min of wakefulness. Circadian phase was estimated from core body temperature (fitted temperature minimum assigned 0°). Data were segregated according to: (1) circadian phase (60° bins); (2) sleep stage; and (3) 3rd of the night after which awakenings occurred (i.e., tertiary 1, 2, or 3). To control for any effect of sleep stage, the circadian rhythm of sleep inertia was initially assessed following awakenings from Stage 2 (62% of awakening occurred from this stage; n = 110). This revealed a significant circadian rhythm in the sleep inertia of cognitive performance (p = 0.007), which was 3.6 times larger during the biological night (circadian bin 300°, ~2300—0300 h in these subjects) than during the biological day (bin 180°, ~1500—1900 h). The circadian rhythm in sleep inertia was still present when awakenings from all sleep stages were included (p = 0.004), and this rhythm could not be explained by changes in underlying sleep drive prior to awakening (changes in sleep efficiency across circadian phase or across the tertiaries), or by the proportion of the varied sleep stages prior to awakenings. This robust endogenous circadian rhythm in sleep inertia may have important implications for people who need to be alert soon after awakening.
Role of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human papillomavirus-associated nasal and sinonasal inverted papilloma

Nasal and sinonasal inverted papilloma (NSIP) is a benign tumor in which surface epithelial cells grow downward into the underlying supportive tissue with varying degrees of metaplasia. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been proposed as the causal agent in the pathogenesis of this disease. Many studies have shown that HPV can activate the Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, but the role of this pathway in HPV-associated NSIP is largely unknown. In this study, we enrolled 40 control tissue samples and 80 NSIP tissue samples. HPV genotyping showed that 47 of the 80 examined cases of NSIP were HPV-positive (58.8%), and the most common subtype was HPV11 (20/53, 37.7%). The immunohistochemistry showed statistically significant differences in phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein staining among control samples, HPV-positive NSIP and HPV-negative NSIP. The HPV11 L1-L2 plasmid increased the proliferation of normal human nasopharyngeal epithelial NP69-SV40T cells and human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE1 cells. Meanwhile, rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, reversed the increased cell proliferation induced by the HPV11 L1-L2 plasmid. Western blot analysis showed that Akt/mTOR/S6 were overexpressed in NP69-SV40T cells and CNE1 cells infected with the HPV11 L1-L2 plasmid. These data demonstrate that HPV promotes cell proliferation through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in NSIP.
Quantitative assessment of the seismic net-pay method: A case study

AbstractWe applied the seismic net-pay (SNP) method to an oil discovery and predicted thicknesses consistent with the actual thicknesses at the wellbore locations. This was accomplished by applying the method in a self-calibrating mode that did not require the direct use of well information. For net-pay estimation under a self-calibration scenario, the SNP method thickness estimates proved to be more accurate (mean absolute prediction error at well validation locations under 3.0±1.5 m) than estimates from a reflectivity-based detuning method (4.0±2.7 m) or multiple linear regression (5.9±5.8 m). Statistical F-tests indicated that the correspondences of the predicted thickness estimates with actual net-pay values for the SNP and reflectivity methods (F approximately 5.5–6 for both) were statistically significant, whereas the multiple regression results did not prove to be statistically significant.
Evaluation of the skin surface hydration in vivo by electrical measurement.

Nobody denies the fact that cracking and scaling of the skin surface develop because of decreased water content in the horny layer. However, functional research of such stratum corneum has been greatly hampered by the lack of an adequate, noninvasive in vivo method to assess the hydration state of the skin surface. While studing the electrical properties of the skin using a newly developed instrument that can be measure the resistance and capacitance to the high frequency current of 3.5 MHz, we have found that by employing dry electrodes we can evaluate the hydration state of the skin surface quickly and quantitatively in terms of output voltage of the loss resistance detector(Vr), which is in a reciprocal relation to resistance. The sensitivity is very high since it can detect a high Vr value at the site where a water droplet is applied and blotted out instantaneously and where no special change can be found with the naked eye. The principal hydration detected by this method seems to be that in the outermost portion of the stratum corundum on the basis of the following finding: (i) contact of the skin with water even for a second caused a great increase in Vr: (ii) Vr progressively increased as deeper layers of the stratum corundum was serially exposed by cellophane tape-stripping until reaching a certain level of the hydrated, viable epidermis, while the Vr on the surface of the intact stratum corundum was not influenced by the amount of tissue fluid contained in the underlying epidermis; and (iii) in vitro the Vr of pieces of fully hydrated stratum corundum rapidly decreased in a dry atmosphere with evaporation of the water contained in their superficial portion. Furthermore, we have been able to demonstrate the highly hygroscopic nature of the stratum corneum, (b) lesser hydration on the extremities that on the trunk, (c) the decreased water-holding capacity of scaly lesions despite the increased transepidermal water loss, and (d) the water supplying ability of skin emollients.