Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Folic Acid Deficiency from Anticonvulsant Therapy

Folic acid deficiency may result from treatment with various antiepileptic drugs. This seems more likely to be due to an interference with folic acid metabolism than to defective absorption. Seventy‐two patients on such treatment were studied. Eleven had serum folate levels below 2 mμg. per ml. , 13 between 2 and 3 mμg. , 25 between 3 and 5 mμg. and 23 above 5 mμg. per ml. The possible results of this deficiency are discussed, with particular reference to the role of folic acid in protein synthesis. Low folate levels over a long period in a growing child may well have a deleterious effect. Folate levels must also be watched when pregnant women are taking anticonvulsants.
Performance Evaluation of Confidence Intervals for Ordinal Coefficient Alpha

Ordinal coefficient alpha is a newly derived non-parametric reliability estimate. As with any point estimate, ordinal coefficient alpha is merely an estimate of a population parameter and tends to vary from sample to sample. Researchers report the confidence interval to provide readers with the amount of precision obtained. Several methods with differing computational approaches exist for confidence interval estimation for alpha, including the Fisher, Feldt, Bonner, and Hakstian and Whalen (HW) techniques. Overall, coverage rates for the various methods were unacceptably low with the Fisher method as the highest performer at 62%. Because of the poor performance across all four confidence interval methods, a need exists to develop a method which works well for ordinal coefficient alpha.
Evaluation of Economic Losses due to Coccidiosis in Poultry Industry in India

Coccidiosis is an old parasitic disease, prevalent all over the country and has a significant impact on poultry production. In this paper, economic loss to poultry industry has been estimated considering the major economic parameters. The estimation has revealed that commercial broiler industry is a major sufferer due to coccidiosis wherein 95.61 per cent of the total economic loss occurs due to the disease. The commercial layer industry shares 3.53 per cent economic loss, mainly due to cost of chemoprophylaxis and reduced egg production. A comparison across economic traits has revealed that loss is maximum due to reduced body weight gain, followed by increased FCR (23.74%) and chemoprophylaxis (2.83%) in the total loss due to coccidiosis in broiler industry of India. The overall comparison of economic traits for all the types of poultry sector it has shown that reduced body wt gain and increased FCR are the major parameters from which 68.08 per cent and 22.70 per cent annual loss has occurred in the total loss from coccidiosis in India during the year 2003-04. The total loss due to coccidiosis has been found to be of Rs 1.14 billion (approx) for the year 2003-04. The study has observed that generation of this data across different geographical regions will be helpful to conclude about the global economic loss due to coccidiosis in the poultry industry.
Leukoplakia: Still a Gallimaufry or Is Progress Being Made?—A Review

Summary Leukoplakia as a medical term has been encumbered by a hodgepodge of synonyms and interpretations. It also has been a term associated with strong emotions with respect to an implied malignant potential. It now is regarded as potentially malignant, with varying degrees of risk for transformation. Leukoplakia at its major anatomic site of occurrence, the oral cavity, recently has been redefined, classified, and staged as a preamble to a more rational approach to the clinicopathologic study of leukoplakia. These changes are presented, as are current assessments of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, verrucous hyperplasia, palatal white lesions, effects of smokeless tobacco on the oral mucosa, hairy leukoplakia, and lichen planus
Pharmacokinetics and Renal Disposition of Polymyxin B in an Animal Model

ABSTRACT The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections has led to the resurgence of systemic polymyxin B, but little is known about its pharmacokinetics. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and renal disposition of polymyxin B. Eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 225 to 250 g) were administered a single intravenous polymyxin B dose (4 mg/kg of body weight). Serial serum samples were collected and assayed for major polymyxin B components using a validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The best-fit pharmacokinetic parameters of each component were derived and compared using one-way analysis of variance. Cumulative urine was also collected daily for 48 h and assayed for polymyxin B. Kidney drug concentrations were measured at 6 h (n = 3) and 48 h (n = 3) after the same dose. Additionally, three rats were administered 2 doses of intravenous polymyxin B (4 mg/kg) 7 days apart. Serial serum samples were collected pre- and post-renal insufficiency (induced by uranyl nitrate) and assayed for polymyxin B. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the major components did not appear to be significantly different (P > 0.05). Less than 1% of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine collected over 48 h following administration. Therapeutic drug concentrations persisted in kidney tissue at 48 h. The post-renal insufficiency to pre-renal insufficiency ratio of the area under the serum concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity was 1.33 ± 0.04. Polymyxin B components appear to have similar pharmacokinetics. Polymyxin B preferentially persists in kidneys, which suggests a selective uptake process in renal cells. A mechanism(s) other than renal excretion could be involved in polymyxin B elimination, and dosing adjustment in renal insufficiency may not be necessary.
Changes in Adrenocortical Function with Aging and Therapeutic Implications

Throughout life, the adrenal cortex exhibits dramatic morphogenic and steroidogenic changes. While there is subtle senescent decline in aldosterone, and a similarly subtle increase in cortisol, the adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) decline with age in a situation similar to menopause, and this decline is considered by some to aggravate some age-related diseases. This decline is associated with an almost complete loss of the inner zone of the adrenal cortex, known as the zona reticularis. This review addresses these adrenal cortical changes, and explores their clinical significance. In particular, the clinical data on DHEA replacement in aging is addressed.
Estrogen receptor alpha: Molecular mechanisms and emerging insights

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a cellular receptor for the female sex hormone estrogen and other natural and synthetic ligands and play critical roles in normal development and physiology and in the etiology and treatment of endocrine‐related diseases. ERα is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and regulates target gene expression in a ligand‐dependent manner. It has also been shown to interact with G‐protein coupled receptors and associated signaling molecules in the cytoplasm. Transcriptionally, ERα either binds DNA directly through conserved estrogen response element sequence motifs or indirectly by tethering to other interacting transcription factors and nucleate transcriptional regulatory complexes which include an array of co‐regulator proteins. Genome‐scale studies of ERα transcriptional activity and localization have revealed mechanistic complexity and insights including novel interactions with several transcription factors, including FOXA1, AP‐2g, GATA3, and RUNX1, which function as pioneering, collaborative, or tethering factors. The major challenge and exciting prospect moving forward is the comprehensive definition and integration of ERα complexes and mechanisms and their tissue‐specific roles in normal physiology and in human diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2203–2208, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lithium-induced hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis and mania: a case report.

A 46-year-old woman with bipolar affective disorder of 4 year’s duration was admitted for acute onset of agitation, delirium and confusion. She had been placed in 4-point restraints during transfer from another hospital. On admission, the patient was agitated and restless and was verbally abusive to the hospital staff. Her skin was warm and sweaty, clinically dehydrated. She was tachycardic with a heart rate ranging between 97 and 120/min. The rhythm was normal. She had mild bilateral pedal edema and was afebrile. She was oriented to place but not to time or person. She appeared to be experiencing visual and auditory hallucinations and had racing thoughts. Her speech was pressured but not dysarthric. She had a coarse tremor in her upper limbs and brisk tendon reflexes but no ataxia. The patient had been prescribed a number of medications to treat recurrent auditory (hears her dead fathers voice) and visual hallucinations (seeing angels) as well as paranoid delusions. These included ziprasidone and risperidone. Her most recent medication was lithium 600 mg a day. According to her family, the patient’s ability to perform self-care had worsened over the previous year and she no longer took pride in her care. There was no family history of any psychiatric or thyroid illness. Patient’s thyroid function was normal 2 months prior, checked by her psychiatrist. Her abnormal blood count (CBC) and liver panel admission results were: white blood …
The epidemiology of epiretinal membranes.

EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES ARE FREQUENTLY FOUND IN EYES OF OLDER individuals and occasionally lead to decreased vision. '-'0 Most of the information regarding the prevalence and factors associated with epiretinal membranes comes from case-series reports of patients attending retina clinics or from histopathologic studies of eye bank eyes. '-'5 These studies have suggested a higher frequency of epiretinal membranes in eyes with retinal vascular disease, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, vitreal inflammatory diseases, and cataract surgery than in eyes without these conditions. Histopathologic, immunochemical, and cell culture studies of epiretinal membranes removed at vitrectomy have led to a limited understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition. '6-23 There have been no population-based epidemiologic data describing the prevalence of epiretinal membranes or systemic and ocular factors that may be associated with this condition. The purposes of this report are to describe the prevalence of epiretinal membranes and associated risk factors and to examine the relationship of epiretinal membranes to visual acuity in a large population.
Economic evaluation of arsenic trioxide compared to all‐trans retinoic acid + conventional chemotherapy for treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia in Canada

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an uncommon type of acute leukemia characterized by high early mortality. Current first‐line treatments include all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), anthracyclines, and other conventional chemotherapies (CTs). Although APL is generally associated with a good prognosis, about 20% of patients who achieve remission subsequently relapse and are resistant to the previously administrated treatment. The objective of this study was to assess, from a Canadian perspective, the economic impact of arsenic trioxide (ATO) compared to ATRA+CT for treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory APL.
Common hypercyclic vectors for families of operators

We provide a criterion for the existence of a residual set of common hypercyclic vectors for an uncountable family of hypercyclic operators which is based on a previous one given by Costakis and Sambarino. As an application, we get common hypercyclic vectors for a particular family of hypercyclic scalar multiples of the adjoint of a multiplier in the Hardy space, generalizing recent results by Abakumov and Gordon and also Bayart. The criterion is applied to other specific families of operators.
A comparative study of medical data classification based on LS-SVM and metaheuristics approaches

In this article, we present an application of metaheuristics optimization approaches to improve medical classifier performance. Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been applied in conjunction with Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) approach to optimize the total misclassification error in term of False Positive and False Negative rates. We validate our experimental results, based on five well known unbalanced medical datasets. Presented results show that the SA achieved the best results. Both SA and GA outperform PSO metaheuristic.
The Limitations of Official Suicide Statistics

Background This study explored some of the problems associated with current procedures for the ascertainment of suicide. Method A sample of 242 deaths which were known to have been self-inflicted was followed up through the coroners' courts where causes of death were legally established. Results Verdicts other than suicide were returned on half of the men, and on one-quarter of the women. Conclusions For suicide statistics to become valid indicators of suicide rates it might be more appropriate to apply the civil, rather than the criminal, standard of proof during inquest proceedings.
An automated irrigation system for rice cropping with remote supervision

Rice cropping farms are significant loads in power systems due to the large amount of electrical energy required by the irrigation system. In Brazil, power companies invest in research to improve energy efficiency of this type of load. This paper presents an automated irrigation system based on supervisory control (SCADA) and wireless communication. The main objective of the project is to monitor and control the level of water in the crop, which represents an important impact on energy efficiency and water consumption. Specific characteristics of rice cropping irrigation was taken into account, such as large distances involved and different working schemes of water pumps. A complete solution is presented and it includes equipment description for reliable communication and supervisory features.
FGF10 acts as a major ligand for FGF receptor 2 IIIb in mouse multi-organ development.

FGF receptor 2 isoform IIIb (FGFR2b), originally discovered as a receptor for FGF7, is known to be an important receptor in vertebrate morphogenesis, because FGFR2b null mice exhibit agenesis or dysgenesis of various organs, which undergo budding and branching morphogenesis. Since FGF7 null mice do not exhibit marked defects in organogenesis, it has been considered that other FGF(s) than FGF7 might function as a major ligand for FGFR2b during organogenesis. One of the candidate ligands is FGF10, because FGF10 binds to FGFR2b with high affinity and the formation of the limb and lung is arrested in FGF10 null mice as found in FGFR2b-deficient mice. Previous analyses of FGF10 null mice revealed that FGF10 is required for limb and lung development. To elucidate the role of FGF10 in wide-range organogenesis, we further analyzed the phenotypes of the FGF10 knockout mice. We found diverse phenotypes closely related to those for FGFR2b-deficient mice, which includes the absence of thyroid, pituitary, and salivary glands, while minor defects were observed in the formation of teeth, kidneys, hair follicles, and digestive organs. These results suggest that FGF10 acts as a major ligand for FGFR2b in mouse multi-organ development.
[Cembrane diterpenes in olibanum].

OBJECTIVE To study the constituents in the chloroform extract of olibanum and their antitumor activities. METHOD The compounds were isolated by chromatographic methods and their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction. The antiproliferative effect of the compounds in human leukemia HL-60 cells was tested by viable cell counting. RESULT Four cembrane diterpenes were isolated and identified as incensole-oxide (1), acetyl incensole-oxide (2), incensole (3), and acetyl incensole (4). CONCLUSION Compounds 2 and 4 were isolated from the genus Boswellia for the first time. Compound 4 showed growth inhibitory effect against human leukemia HL-60 cell lines with IG50 value of (16.3 +/- 3.4) micromol x L(-1).
Prevalence and characteristics of hazardous drinkers: results of the Greater Milwaukee Survey.

CONTEXT At-risk drinking is of particular concern in Wisconsin. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the prevalence and demographic characteristics of hazardous drinkers in the Milwaukee area. DESIGN The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected by means of telephone interviews as part of the 2005 Greater Milwaukee Survey. PARTICIPANTS From 2614 households randomly selected for study participation, 937 adult residents participated in the survey. STUDY MEASURE: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) measure was used to classify residents into 1 of 2 drinking groups: non-hazardous or hazardous drinkers. RESULTS Based on a response rate of 35.8%, approximately 25% of Milwaukee area residents were estimated to be hazardous drinkers. Significant associations were found between several demographic characteristics and the drinking group variable. In addition, logistic regression results revealed that younger adults, in particular 18-29 year olds, men, non-minorities, individuals with no underage children in the household, and Milwaukee County residents were most at-risk for hazardous drinking. CONCLUSIONS Local health care professionals should consider implementing alcohol screening and brief intervention, especially among at-risk individuals. Targeted state-level intervention resources also are needed, in particular, resources that serve young adults 18-29 years old.
MIMO Coordination for E-MBMS Transmissions in LTE-A

Interference coordination methods for Evolved-Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (E-MBMS) in Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) are presented. In this paper, OFDM/OFDMA signals based on LTE parameters are combined with MIMO, Turbo codes and signal space diversity methods. Different interference coordination techniques, such as, MIMO coordination, Fixed Relay stations and adaptive frequency reuse and schedulers are considered to evaluate the E-MBMS spectral efficiency at the cell borders
Estimation of Ascorbic Acid Status in Normal Pregnancy

The study is to measure the serum concentration of ascorbic acid in pregnant women during all the trimesters. Methods: Total serum concentration was measured using the 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine method, which involves the conversion of vitamin C to dehydroascorbic acid in the presence of copper ions and subsequent measurement of the resulting bishydrazone at 540nm. Results revealed that total vitamin C concentration in all three trimesters values are significantly lower. In Conclusion: Serum vitamin C concentration were observed to be low in pregnant women in all the three trimesters when compared with nonpregnant women.
The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM)

This document discusses the use of the Domain Name System (DNS) for the storage of E.164 numbers, and for resolving them into URIs that can be used for (for example) telephony call setup. This document also describes how the DNS can be used to identify the services associated with an E.164 number. This document obsoletes RFC 3761.
Prevalence and correlates of habitual snoring in high school students.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence and correlates of habitual snoring in senior high school students in Korea. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. SETTING Ten high schools in the southern part of Seoul, Korea. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3,871 high school students (2,703 male students and 1,168 female students; age range, 15 to 18 years; mean age: male students, 16.8 years; female students, 16.9 years) who were attending the 11th grade. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, school performance, and patterns of sleep and sleep-related disturbances. The overall prevalence of habitual snoring was 11.2% (boys, 12.4%; girls, 8.5%). The mean total sleep time was similar in habitual snorers vs nonsnorers (6.4 and 6.3 h per day, respectively). Frequency of snoring increased significantly with body mass index (BMI) [p < 0.001], cigarette smoking (p < 0.01), prevalence of witnessed apnea (p < 0.001), and Epworth sleepiness scale score (p < 0.001). The frequency of snoring increased with a decline in school performance (p < 0.001). For those whose school performance was low, there was a 35% excess in the odds of habitual snoring vs those whose school performance was high (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.78). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that chronic habitual snoring is associated with multiple factors in adolescents. Whether interventions to modify BMI and smoking can alter snoring habits and related clinical problems warrants further study, particularly as it also may improve academic performance in high school students.
Effects of Sex Hormones on Cardiac Repolarization

This article reviews the current findings on the topic of gender differences derived from effects of sex steroid hormones on cardiac repolarization and drug-induced torsade de pointes. Published studies have shown that sex-related differences exist in clinical cardiac electrophysiologic measurements, and that gender is an independent risk factor in vulnerability to certain types of arrhythmia. For example, women are especially susceptible to increased arrhythmia risk in response to QT-prolonging drugs. However, a number of questions remain-especially regarding the specific influence of sex steroid hormones in gender differences. Further experimental or clinical investigations are necessary to elucidate gender differences in cardiac repolarization, QT interval prolongation, and susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias.
Systematic review of hepatocellular adenoma in China and other regions

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a benign liver neoplasm with a risk of spontaneous bleeding and malignant transformation. The aim of this review article is to review all the case reports and case series of patients with HCA from 1998 to 2008 in China and other parts of the world in order to compare clinical presentation, surgical management and outcomes. A search for all reports of HCA in the world literature from 1998 to 2008 was performed. A total of 356 patients were identified, including 191 patients from China, 104 from Europe, 46 from North America, and 15 from South–East Asia. A female predominance was not observed in Chinese patients in contrast to the other regions. Acute/chronic abdominal pain was the main clinical presentation in all regions. Twenty patients were diagnosed with coexistent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) was found among six of them. The management of HCA consisted of resection in most cases. The clinical presentation of HCA in China differed from other parts of the world regarding male predominance and a higher incidence of coexistent HCC in China. This might be the result of the birth control policy in China, limited oral contraceptive use, and the higher incidence of HBV.