Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENTIABLE ARCHITECTURE SEARCH FOR KEYWORD SPOTTING

With the popularity of smart mobile devices, the need to control mobile devices using voice is increasing. Also, there is greater expectation for the accuracy of keyword spotting. Many existing researches have applied neural networks to keyword spotting, and have great performances. However, at the same time, for keyword spotting on mobile devices, there is still a need to further reduce the parameter size and improve the recognition accuracy simultaneously. In this thesis, I apply the neural network architecture search approach to keyword spotting, and proposed a Differentiable Architecture Search Approach for keyword spotting. This approach can design multiple neural network models for keyword spotting through search. In this thesis, I proposed eight specific neural network models designed by this approach. All models beat the state-of-the-art model based on the evaluation on Google Commands Dataset, with similar or much smaller parameter sizes.
Stemming the Tide of Cervical Cancer through Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations

The trail of repeated bouts of HPV infections on the heel of Cervical Cancer is akin to the relationship between risky behavior and sexual activities. The causal relationship between HPV and Cervical Cancer has been consistently buttressed by overwhelming evidence from various studies all over the world. However, while the advanced nations of the world have made tremendous progress in the fight against Cervical Cancer and HPV infections, a cruel testament to the failure of governments and leaderships in taking ownership and responsibility for National Health Initiatives is attested by the high and increasing mortality rate arising from Cervical Cancer in the low- and middle-income countries. The gross disparity and inequities in healthcare services, access and outcomes has remained the stark reality of the low- and middle-income countries of the world. The low level of knowledge and misconceptions about Cervical Cancer, HPV, and the HPV vaccine are among several factors confounding the outcome of Cervical Cancers in the developing countries of the world. Cervical Cancer is preventable, and its associated morbidity, economic cost, and mortality are all avoidable only if proactive steps at mitigating infections with HPV are taken. In addition, appropriate initiatives aimed at screening and vaccinating vulnerable populations need to be duly implemented by governments and all stakeholders.Cervical Cancer can be prevented with an effective Cervical Cancer screening program, diagnosis of pre-malignant lesions and their treatment, and a well-structured HPV Vaccination Programs.
On-Chip Adaptive VDD Scaled Architecture of Reliable SRAM Cell With Improved Soft Error Tolerance

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is the major reliability issue which affects many parameters such as threshold voltage, mobility, and leakage current. The threshold voltage of the PMOS transistor increases due to NBTI with stress time, which degrades the circuit performance. In this article, we have proposed a novel reliable data-dependent low power 10T SRAM cell, which is highly stable and free from half select issues. We investigated all the circuit simulations using 65nm CMOS technology. The proposed 10T cell has a higher critical charge and lower soft error rate (SER) as compared to other SRAM cells. To better assess, we introduced a bit read failure (BRF) at read operation and observed that the BRF of the proposed 10T cell is significantly reduced as compared to the other considered SRAM cells at 0.15V supply. The leakage power, write power-delay-product, and read power-delay-product of the proposed 10T cell is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.1\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.21\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.13\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively as compared to the conventional 6T cell at 0.4V supply. The proposed cell offers <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.15\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.66\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> higher read, hold and write margin, respectively, as compared to 6T cell at 0.4V supply voltage. The simulation result shows that the HSNM, WSNM, and RSNM are decreased by 0.31%, 0.13%, and 0.08%, respectively, with the proposed 10T cell while 6T cell reduces 3.21%, 0.43%, and 8.62%, respectively, after 10 years of stress time. We have also introduced an on-chip adaptive VDD scaled reconfigurable architecture compared to the conventional array architecture design to reduce 97.04% and 92.17% hold power of unselected cells during read and write operation of the selected cell, respectively for the proposed 10T cell.
Capacity of Dynamical Storage Systems

We introduce a dynamical model of node repair in distributed storage systems wherein the storage nodes are subjected to failures according to independent Poisson processes. The main parameter that we study is the time-average capacity of the network in the scenario where a fixed subset of the nodes support a higher repair bandwidth than the other nodes. The sequence of node failures generates random permutations of the nodes in the encoded block, and we model the state of the network as a Markov random walk on permutations of $n$ elements. As our main result we show that the capacity of the network can be increased compared to the static (worst-case) model of the storage system, while maintaining the same (average) repair bandwidth, and we derive estimates of the increase. We also quantify the capacity increase in the case that the repair center has information about the sequence of the recently failed storage nodes.
Energy-Efficient End-to-End Security for Software-Defined Vehicular Networks

One of the most promising application areas of the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). VANETs are largely used by intelligent transportation systems to provide smart and safe road transport. To reduce the network burden, software-defined networks (SDNs) act as a remote controller. Motivated by the need for greener IIoT solutions, this article proposes an energy-efficient end-to-end security solution for software-defined vehicular networks (SDVNs). Besides, SDN's flexible network management, network performance, and energy-efficient end-to-end security scheme plays a significant role in providing green IIoT services. Thus, the proposed SDVN provides lightweight end-to-end security. The end-to-end security objective is handled in two levels: 1) in roadside unit (RSU)-based group authentication scheme, each vehicle in the RSU range receives a group ID–key pair for secure communication; and 2) in private collaborative intrusion detection system (p-CIDS), the SDVN detects the potential intrusions inside the VANET architecture using collaborative learning that guarantees privacy through a fusion of differential privacy and homomorphic encryption schemes. The SDVN is simulated in NS2 and MATLAB, and results show increased energy efficiency with lower communication and storage overhead than existing frameworks. In addition, the p-CIDS detects the intruder with an accuracy of 96.81% in the SDVN.
Characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes through seed morphology

The investigation was undertaken at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, during rabi 2017-18 to characterize 30 bread wheat genotypes released for general cultivation in Gujarat at state level as well as at the National level in central India based on the chemical tests. Based on the seed colour, all the 30 genotypes were having amber colour seed. On the basis of seed shape, genotypes were classified into ovate (12 genotypes), oblong (14 genotypes), elliptical (2 genotypes) and round (2 genotypes). On the basis of seed size, genotypes were grouped into medium seed size (5 genotypes), bold seed size (17 genotypes) and very bold seed size (8 genotypes). On the basis of seed hardness, genotypes were grouped into hard (20 genotypes) and semi-hard (10 genotypes). Based on the seed germ width, genotypes were grouped into medium (20 genotypes), wide (6 genotypes) and narrow (4 genotypes) seed germ width types. The genotypes were grouped based on the seed crease into three groups, as medium (14 genotypes), shallow (13 genotypes) and deep (3 genotypes) seed crease types. Based on the brush hair length, genotypes were grouped as short (18 genotypes), medium (9 genotypes) and long (3 genotypes) brush hair length types.
Optimization of Energy Utilization in Cognitive UAV Systems

Wireless communication with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has attracted much attention due to its flexibility and low-cost in providing wireless connectivity. In this article, we investigate the spectrum sharing between UAV and terrestrial wireless communication. Two scenarios are considered in this work. Scenario 1: the UAV is energy sufficient to transmit the required data. In this case, our objective is to minimize the time that is needed to complete data transmission. Scenario 2: the battery of the UAV is energy insufficient. In this case, the goal becomes maximizing the size of data that can be transmitted. Different scenarios require different placement of the UAV. When the UAV flies towards the primary user (PU), the sensing result will be more accurate and more opportunities can be utilized to transmit data. However, the interference to primary receiver (PR) and the propulsion energy due to UAV’s movement will be increased. In this article, the sensing performance, the power allocation and the UAV’s position are jointly optimized to satisfy different requirements of the UAV system. To efficiently utilize the licensed spectrum, a hybrid transmission mode is proposed for the UAV system, in which sensing and power control are jointly employed to protect the PR. Then, efficient iterative algorithms are proposed to solve the optimization problems. Simulations results show that proposed designs can significantly reduce the time that is required to complete data transmission in energy sufficient scenario and enhance the size of data that can be transferred in energy insufficient scenario.
Effects of Clariva Complete Beans Seed Treatment on Heterodera glycines Reproduction and Soybean Yield in Iowa

In recent years, nematode-protectant seed treatments have become available to supplement resistant soybean cultivars to manage soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines; SCN). Twenty-seven small-plot and 18 strip-trial experiments were conducted comparing the effects of Clariva Complete Beans (CCB) and CruiserMaxx Advanced plus Vibrance (CMV) on SCN reproduction and soybean yield on a moderately resistant (2014) and resistant (2015 to 2016) soybean cultivar. Yield data were collected, and an SCN reproductive factor was calculated by dividing final (at harvest) SCN egg population densities by initial (at planting) population densities from soil samples collected in each small plot or sampled area in the strip trials. Relative to the CMV treatment, CCB significantly decreased SCN reproductive factor in two small-plot experiments (one each in 2014 and 2015) but not in any of the strip trials in any year. Soybean yields were significantly greater with CCB versus CMV in 5 of the 18 strip trials but not in any of the small-plot experiments, even when there were significant decreases in SCN reproduction. For unknown reasons, CCB significantly decreased yields in two small-plot experiments and at one strip-trial location. In summary, the effects of CCB seed treatment on SCN reproduction and soybean yields were variable in the years that these experiments were conducted in Iowa.
Predicting the convergence of BiCG method from grayscale matrix images

The convergence of the BiConjugate Gradient (BiCG) method depends on its input matrices. We tried to predict the convergence of BiCG method by applying a Convolutional Neural Network to matrices that had been converted to grayscale images. Using 875 real non-symmetric matrices in the SuiteSparse Matrix Collection, we applied the 5-fold cross-validation method and were able to predict convergence with an average accuracy that exceeded 80% for all cases in the test collection.
The genus Gymnospermium (Berberidaceae) in Italy: identity and relationships of the populations at the western limit of the genus range

Abstract Gymnospermium is a small genus of 7–12 taxa subject to diverging taxonomic treatments and distributed from east China to the Balkans. The recent discovery of Gymnospermium in the S-Apennines posed questions about origin and identity. Accordingly, we performed a systematic investigation by means of morphological, karyological and molecular tools. All populations were diploid with 2n = 14 as for the Balkan G. scipetarum (incl. G. maloi), and also morphology suggested a close affinity to the latter. However, the Italian populations differed from typical G. scipetarum by the lower stamen:petal length and style:carpel length. By including all European and most Asian taxa in a phylogenetic analysis, we shed new light into the species-level relationships in this genus. In the combined ITS-trnL-F phylogeny, two major clades were retrieved. One included the central Asian and eastern European taxa plus the Greek endemic G. peloponnesiacum sister to G. odessanum, and one the Balkan and Apennine populations. Such findings further corroborated that the Apennine plant belong to G. scipetarum. The native status of the Italian population is supported by exclusive SNPs in both ITS1 and trnL-F sequences. Along with morphological evidence, this allows to refer it to the new subspecies G. scipetarum subsp. eddae.
Breakthroughs in Obtaining QM/MM Free Energies

The computation of free energy is pivotal to understanding the fundamental nature of chemical phenomena. That is, whether a specific molecular outcome occurs spontaneously or is inherently unfavorable. The need to do this with consistent accuracy begs for the use of quantum mechanical (QM) methods. However, techniques for directly computing free energy differences with QM or mixed QM/MM methods are untenable, as the computational expense is quite exorbitant. At present, the most feasible approach for obtaining QM/MM free energies is employing the so-called indirect cycle, which relies on accurately computing free energy differences between low (e.g., molecular mechanical, MM) and high (e.g., QM/MM) levels of theory. Unfortunately, the most prevalent equilibrium methods prove insufficient due to the poor configurational overlap between MM and QM/MM. Herein, methods are introduced, both in the equilibrium (Chapter 2 & 3) and non-equilibrium (Chapter 4) regime that improve the calculation of free energies between levels of theory. This is followed by an evaluation of the validity for a common approximation invoked (Chapter 5) that short cuts much of the challenges in computing free energies between levels of theory, and concludes with a study on how employing “better” MM levels of theory (Chapter 6) can facilitate indirect QM/MM free energy calculations.
Difusión de políticas de seguridad ciudadana: caso Plan 7 Zonas

Para este trabajo, el enfoque teorico de la difusion de politicas permite realizar una aproximacion al proceso de adopcion en Uruguay de una iniciativa interinstitucional de intervencion urbana integral ya implementada en otros paises de la region. En tal caso, se parte de la hipotesis de que el Plan 7 Zonas, en tanto dispositivo para dar respuesta a temas de seguridad y convivencia, no puede ser explicado exclusivamente por factores domesticos, debido a que se encuentran convergencias que lo enmarcan en un modelo de intervencion que combina programas de atencion a la poblacion en situacion de pobreza, obras de infraestructura en la trama urbana, con medidas de seguridad desde una concepcion de policia mas cercana a la sociedad. Estos procesos de difusion no serian producto de una coordinacion intencional en el marco de acuerdos internacionales, aunque se puede inferir que algunos organismos internacionales pueden haber oficiado como actores promotores de la difusion de estas ideas. En tanto la tematica de seguridad ocupa un lugar preponderante en la agenda publica, este estudio propone la hipotesis de que en el proceso de difusion de esta politica podria estar operando el mecanismo de aprendizaje, sin descartar la interaccion con otros mecanismos como el de la emulacion.
The effect of beinaglutide on visceral fat and bodyweight in obese type 2 diabetic patients

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues could induce clinically significant weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Beinaglutide is a GLP-1 analogue that is fully homologous to human GLP-1. This study aims to investigate the clinical efficacy of beinaglutide in visceral fat, weight loss and blood glucose in patients with T2DM and obesity. Material and methods: One hundred and seven obese patients with T2DM, according to the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) diagnostic criteria, were treated with beinaglutide. After 12 weeks, changes in visceral fat (VF) were analysed using DUALSCAN. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), free fatty acids, and blood pressure were also assessed after the 12-week treatment. Results: The baselines for BMI and VF areas were 32.8 ±5.2 kg/m2 and 150.4 ±36.2 cm2, respectively. The mean HbA1c level at baseline was 8.8 ±2.3%. After 12 weeks, beinaglutide treatment showed significant decreases in VF areas (150.4 ±36.2 cm2 vs. 115.2 ±36.8 cm2, p < 0.001), body weight (90.7 ±15.8 kg vs. 84.2 ±15.6 kg, p < 0.001), HbA1c (8.8 ±2.3% vs. 7.1 ±1.7%, p < 0.001) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (5.8 ±4.3 vs. 4.2 ±2.9, p < 0.001). No changes in free fatty acids were observed. Daily doses of beinaglutide varied widely, and 74% of patients ranged from 0.24 mg to 0.30 mg each day, but the appropriate dosage significantly reduced adverse effects. Conclusions: Beinaglutide effectively reduced VF, body weight, and blood glucose in obese patients with T2DM. Beinaglutide doses should be individualised because appropriate doses varied widely. A lack of GLP-1 might be responsible for the onset of obesity in patients with T2DM. T2DM and obesity are related not only to insulin deficiency/insulin resistance but also to GLP-1 deficiency, which may cause obesity in patients with T2DM.
Joint Power Allocation and Relay Beamforming Optimization for Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization in NOMA AF Relay System

This letter introduces a novel joint power-allocation (PA) and relay beamforming optimization (JPBO) algorithm for non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems to achieve the maximum weighted sum-rate (WSR). In our proposed new framework, the WSR maximization problem is transformed into a tractable weighted-sum minimum mean-square-error (WSMMSE) problem. Then, the PA and the relay beamforming-matrix (BM) are alternately optimized by use of successive convex approximation (SCA) and Lagrange-multiplier (LM) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed new algorithm can significantly improve the WSR with a faster convergence than the existing method.
Predictive Descriptor Observer Design for a Class of Linear Time-Invariant Systems With Applications to Quadrotor Trajectory Tracking

This article deals with sensor fault tolerant control design and large delay compensation for a class of linear time-invariant systems. Based on predictor-based state transformation and predictive descriptor observer design, both the state and output feedback control laws are constructed. Within the framework of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, a set of stability conditions are identified. The closed-loop systems is globally asymptotically stable at the origin under the state feedback and is ultimately bounded under the output feedback. Finally, the proposed design is validated through numerical simulations and then implemented on a quadrotor trajectory tracking test. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Digital Strategic Initiatives: Conceptualization and Illustration

This essay responds to calls for discerning so-called IT “x” and digital “x” phenomena. Research in this area promises to make an important contribution since the emergence of digital “x” labels runs the risk of diluting the core of IS literature. Our paper advances a preliminary definition of key constructs: digital strategic initiatives and digital resources, differentiating the latter from traditional conceptualizations of IT or IS resources. It also delineates two different approaches to the execution of digital strategic initiatives: a) orchestration of digital resources and b) creation of novel digital resources. We demonstrate the first one with a case illustration of home grocery delivery and the second with the case of a dark kitchen provider in the restaurant industry.
Experimentally determined solidi in the Ca-bearing granite system NaAlSi3O8-CaAl2Si2O8-KAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O-CO2

Abstract We have determined the phase relationships of melting of synthetic granite (two ternary feldspars + quartz) in the presence of an H2O-CO2 fluid. Synthesis and reversed experiments were conducted in a piston-cylinder apparatus over the range 650-900 °C and 6-15 kbar. At XH₂O = 0.75, melting occurred between 670 and 680 °C (15 kbar), 700 and 710 °C (10 kbar), and 710 and 720 °C (7.4 kbar). At XH₂O= 0.5, melting occurred between 760 and 770 °C (15 kbar), 780 and 790 °C (10 kbar), and 800 and 820 °C (6-7.4 kbar). At XH₂O = 0.25, melting occurred between 830 and 840 °C (15 kbar), 830 and 840 °C (10 kbar), and 860 and 870 °C (6-7.4 kbar). These results provide important constraints on the maximum temperatures of regional metamorphism attainable in vapor-saturated metapelitic and quartzofeldspathic rocks that escaped widespread melting. At pressures below 10 kbar, a fluid phase of XH₂O= 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25 limits temperatures to below ~700-725, ~800-825, and ~850-875 °C, respectively. As a consequence, the formation of granulite does not require CO2 concentrations in a coexisting fluid to exceed an XCO₂ of 0.25-0.5, a range that may include dilution of the H2O component of the fluid through internal buffering by devolatilization reactions. Therefore, the formation of granulites by the influx of CO2 may be a less common phenomenon than previously thought.
Investigation of the 16 Blades Pico Scale Breastshot Waterwheel Performance in Actual River Condition

Breastshot waterwheel are considered as one of solutions for electrification in remote areas in Indonesia. Since it has low investment and maintenance costs, as well as an uncomplicated manufacturing process. Analytically, the optimum performance of this turbine occurs at the ratio of tangential velocity of wheel with the upstream velocity of water is 0.25 -0.35 and numerically simulated the best efficiency is 62%. However, there is no experimental study for 16 blades of breastshot waterwheel in pico scale in actual river condition. The experiment is carried out in actual conditions with a discharge of 0.09708 m 3 /s and head 0.26 m. Based on results, the highest mechanical efficiency occurs at the ratio of tangential velocity of wheel with the upstream velocity of water is 0.83, while for electrical efficiency it was found at the 0.95. for U / C compared to the reference, the results are quite far from optimal and for efficiency the result is slightly lower at 45%.