Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Guided Learning of Structural Descriptions

Knowledge A c q . 1 : Fox 313 INTRODUCTION We demonstrate how the use of domain dependent knowledge can reduce the combinatorics of learn ing s t r u c t u r a l descri.pt ions, using as an example the creat ion of a l t e r n a t i v e pronunciat ions from examples of spoken words. B r i e f l y , c e r t a i n learn ing problems (Winston, 19 70; Fox & HayesRoth, 19 76) can be solved by present ing to a learn ing program exemplars ( t r a i n i n g data) representat ive of a c lass . The program constructs a cha rac te r i s t i c representat ion (Cl<) of the class that best f i t s the t r a i n i n g data. Learning can be viewed as search in the space of representa t ions . Applied to complex domains the search is h igh ly combinator ia l due to the: 1) Number of a l t e r n a t i v e CRs. 2) Size of t r a i n i n g se t . 3) Size of the exemplars.
The eosinophil peroxidase gene forms a cluster with the genes for myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase on human chromosome 17

Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is one of a family of mammalian peroxidases that includes myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoperoxidase (LPO), and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Here we show that the human EPX gene maps to chromosome 17q23.1, which localizes 34 kb from the LPO and MPO genes. Our results demonstrate that the EPX, LPO, and MPO genes form a cluster on human chromosome 17.
A heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) dimer and a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein interact in vivo and are parts of a multiprotein complex involved in DNA replication and DNA repair

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a small non-histone chromosomal protein known as a dominant suppressor of position-effect variegation and a major component of heterochromatin. Posttranslationally modified HP1, through interaction with protein partners from different groups, can be involved in a number of nuclear processes, including gene activation, chromatin remodeling, replication and DNA repair. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay and live cell imaging, we demonstrate that HP1β and PCNA, a key player in DNA replication, are closely spaced components of a multiprotein complex involved in replication, both in S phase and during DNA repair, and that the functional complex requires formation of an HP1 dimer.
Observer-based control of vortex motion in a combustor recirculation region

Established paradigms for observers design are yet a missing component in efforts to introduce feedback control of turbulent flows. This case study concerns tracking a reference orbit in a combustor recirculation zone. Actuation is by perturbations of a corner potential, and the sensed output is fluid velocity at a single boundary point. Control design is based on a single vortex model. In recognition of unquantified discrepancies between actual dynamics and the model, a simple constant gain design is a guiding principle. This restricts pointwise vortex-position estimates to a neighborhood of the rest point. Cruder information on Hamiltonian energy dynamics is obtained directly from the sensed signal, during larger deviations, and is used in a dissipative integral feedback, driving the vortex into the observable neighborhood.
Mineral Composition of Normal Human Enamel and Dentin and the Relation of Composition to Dental Caries: II. Microminerals

Microminerals including fluorine, iodine, iron, aluminum, selenium, manganese, copper, zinc, strontium, lead, and cobalt were determined in the enamel and dentin portions of permanent, sound teeth from 175 patients in Virginia. Neutron activation and atomic absorption were used in the analyses. Concentration of the elements was related to tooth portion, age, and sex of the patient.
Évaluation sur mesure de modèles distributionnels sur un corpus spécialisé : comparaison des approches par contextes syntaxiques et par fenêtres graphiques [Tailor-made evaluation of distributional models on a specialized corpus: comparison of syntactic context and graphical window approaches]

Il est possible de construire des modeles distributionnels en ne considerant que la cooccurrence graphique entre les mots, ou bien en utilisant des relations syntaxiques de complexite variable. Si des comparaisons systematiques n'ont jamais pu trancher definitivement en faveur de l'une ou de l'autre, elles ont rarement ete menees sur un corpus de taille reduite ou en langue de specialite. Nous proposons ici une palette d'experiences visant l'observation d'un ensemble de modeles distributionnels construits a partir d'un petit corpus d'articles en francais dans le domaine du TAL. Un jeu de donnees a ete specifiquement concu pour l'evaluation des differentes configurations. Ces experiences montrent que les modeles qui prennent en compte de facon raisonnable les informations syntaxiques obtiennent globalement de meilleurs resultats.
From staff support to wellness empowerment: one hospice's journey to a meaningful supportive program.

The Connecticut Hospice, the first hospice in America, has a 52-bed InPatient Hospice and Palliative Care Hospital and a home care based hospice and palliative care program. One special aspect of both programs is the unique Norma F. Pfriem Wellness Empowerment Program. This program includes complementary therapies that offer a sense of optimism, support, and hope to patients and their caregivers. The Connecticut Hospice serves approximately 3,800 patients a year in both settings. Geographically, the hospice home care service area covers the majority of the state of Connecticut. The hospice has always valued staff support. One of the 10 principles of hospice care adopted by this hospice in 1974 is that the hospice will provide structured staff support (Figure 1). Traditionally, the hospice provides structured staff support through weekly interdisciplinary team meetings, staff meetings, and monthly remembrance services to acknowledge patients who have died. In addition, there is an annual retreat day for all staff called “rekindling,” which helps staff to rejuvenate. The hospice also provides “renewal time” to be used by staff, as needed, who become overwhelmed with the emotional intensity of hospice work.
REMINERALIZATION OF DENTAL ENAMEL BY SALIVA IN VITRO *

The ability of human saliva to reharden acid-softened enamel was first recognized by Head (1912). His evidence was not appreciated at that time, partly because the knowledge of possible mechanisms involved in this process was very meager. The work of Head, Andresen, Ruthrauff and other pioneers in this type of research has been reviewed previously by Koulourides (1962). Enamel softening and rehardening has been studied in our laboratories since 1959 by the use of the Kentron microhardness tester. An advantage of this method, which leaves permanent indentations on the tested surface, is that any loss of structure can be detected by either disappearance or change in dimensions of the previously placed indentations. The significance of the hardness test has been discussed by Newbrun and Pigman (1960). Hardness changes as measured by the Kentron instrument reflect mainly changes of mineral density since calcium loss from enamel surfaces exposed to weak acid (pH 5.5) is accompanied by a decrease in hardness (Koulourides and Reed, 1964). It has been shown (Koulourides and Pigman, 1960) that softened enamel can be rehardened by metastable calcifying solutions. Further work showed that the presence of fluoride at 0.05 mM (1 p.p.m.) accelerated the rate of the process four to eight times (Koulourides, Cueto and Pigman, 1961). Other factors affecting this rehardening process have been described (Pigman, Cueto and Baugh 1964). Hardness measurements have also been used to study the in vitro rehardening of softened enamel surfaces by saliva (Feagin et al., 1964, Pickel and Bilotti, 1964, and Pickel et a[., 1964: personal communication). Block et al, (1964) have shown that labelled phosphate (P 32) is taken up during rehardening. Using polarized light in studies of ground tooth sections, Johansson (1965) observed changes in enamel resulting from exposure to calcium phosphate solutions and interpreted these changes as remineralization. Muhlemann et al. (1964) also reported rehardening of softened enamel by Sobel’s recalcification solution, but found by electron microscopy that complete restoration of the surface did not occur; however, the softening and recalcifying systems were different from those regularly used in our studies. Sognnaes (1963) described in vivo changes of enamel microdensity on experimental animals. After artificial demineralization of the enamel surfaces by the topical application of acid, his findings suggested reversal of artificial demineralization of enamel by saliva. However, he did not consider the restoration “genuine healing” on the basis of increased stainability of the reconstituted enamel by toluidine blue. In the present work, salivas from different individuals were tested for their capacities to reharden softened enamel, and they were compared to synthetic solutions. The effects of the addition of certain ions to saliva were also studied.
Use of Acute Care Hospitals by Long-Stay Patients: Who, How Much, and Why?

ABSTRACT The effects of long-term hospitalizations can be severe, especially among older adults. In Manitoba, between fiscal years 1991/1992 and 1999/2000, 40 per cent of acute care hospital days were used by the 5 per cent of patients who had long stays, defined as stays of more than 30 days. These proportions were remarkably stable, despite major changes in the bed supply. Approximately two thirds of long-stay patients were aged 75 or older. Medical record review for a small sample of long-stay medical patients aged 75 or older revealed that 42 per cent of the days spent in hospital were spent either awaiting transfer to another level of care (home care, nursing home, or chronic care), or were due to in-hospital factors, such as awaiting consults, tests, or treatments. Hospital information systems and early discharge planning may help to alleviate lengthy discharge delays and result in better care for these patients. RÉSUMÉ Résumé; Les conséquences des hospitalisations à long terme peuvent être graves, particulièrement chez les personnes âgées. Au Manitoba, entre les exercices 1991/1992 et 1999/2000, 40 p. 100 des journées d'hospitalisation de courte durée ont été utilisées par 5 p. 100 des patients qui avaient eu des hospitalisations prolongées, c'est-à-dire des séjours de plus de 30 jours. Ces proportions étaient remarquablement stables, malgré des changements importants quant au nombre de lits disponibles. Environ les deux tiers des patients de longue durée étaient âgés de 75 ans ou plus. L'étude des dossiers médicaux d'un petit échantillon des patients de longue durée, âgés de 75 ans ou plus, a révélé que 42 p. 100 des journées passées à l'hôpital avaient été passées soit à attendre un transfert vers un autre niveau de soins (soins à domicile, maison de soins infirmiers ou soins aux malades chroniques) soit à attendre en raison de facteurs propres à l'hô pital, notamment l'attente pour des consultations, des examens ou des traitements. Les systèmes d'information des hôpitaux ainsi que la planification des congés précoces des hôpitaux permettraient éventuellement d'alléger les longues attentes de congés et d'offrir de meilleurs soins à ces patients.
Running head : The Effects of Direct and Global Illumination on Presence in AR The Effects of Direct and Global Illumination on Presence in Augmented Reality

In this paper we present an experiment, which was d esigned and conducted with the goal to study the effect of lighting on the sense o f presence in Augmented Reality. We compared presence ratings between global illuminati o rendering and direct illumination and asked study participants to judge which of the show n bjects are virtual and which ones are real. Thirty people participated in a within-group experiment. A set of questionnaires was used to measure the sense of presence, perception o f realism and the rate of interpretation of virtual objects as real ones with both global and d irect illumination conditions. The results of our experiment show that global illumination render ing increases the sense of presence in comparison to direct illumination and that there is a correlation between perception of realism and feeling of presence in augmented reality. We di scuss the major differences between real and virtual objects as observed by the users and th e categories of important features for visual realism in Augmented Reality.
Substitution Effects in Supply Chains with Asymmetric Information Distribution and Upstream Competition

Inventory management in markets with substituting customers is extremely challenging, not only for a downstream wholesaler, but also for upstream manufacturers. Motivated by the structures in the agrochemical market, we analyze the optimal production and stocking quantities of a manufacturer and a wholesaler, respectively, in a two-stage supply chain with upstream competition and vertical information asymmetries. We characterize a monopolistic wholesaler's optimal stocking quantities and show that these quantities are not necessarily monotonic, neither in the available production quantities nor in the customers' substitution rates. We further derive the optimal production quantities of a monopolistic and a competitive manufacturer when they are incompletely informed about the wholesaler's stocking quantities. We find that the introduction of competition may lead to decreasing production quantities for some products. Furthermore, a product's end-of-season inventories at the manufacturer which arise due to information asymmetries may decrease even when initial production levels increase.
Epidemiology of NIV for Acute Respiratory Failure in COPD Patients: Results from the International Surveys vs. the “Real World”

ABSTRACT Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been recommended as the first-line ventilation modality for acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) based on strong evidence. However, everyday clinical practice may differ from findings of multiple randomized controlled trials. Physicians and respiratory therapists involved in NIV management have been queried about its utilization and effectiveness. In addition to these estimates, cohort studies and analysis of large inpatient dataset of patients with AECOPD and ARF managed with NIV have been extensively published over the last two decades. This review summarizes the perception of medical staff vs. the “real life” data about NIV use for ARF in AECOPD patients.
COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION TECHNIQUES

The intensity histogram gives information which can be used for contrast enhancement. The histogram equalization could be flat for levels less than the total number of levels. This could deteriorate the image. This problem can be overcome various techniques. This paper gives a comparative of the Bi-Histogram Equalization, Recursive Mean Seperated Histogram Equalization, Multipeak Histogram Equalization and Brightness Preserving Dynamic Histogram Equalization techniques by using these techniques to test few standard images. The method of bi-histogram uses independent histogram over two separate subimages. The method of recursive uses several subimages. Multipeak Histogram Equalization detects the peaks in the histogram and the subimages are formed based on the number detected. The Brightness Preserving Dynamic Histogram Equalization improves contrast while it maintains the brightness of the image. We shall compare the results through the metric parameters of absolute mean Brightness error and peak signal to noise ratio.
Polyploidy in human malignancy. Hypopentaploid chromosome pattern in malignant reticulosis with secondary sideroachrestic anemia

A 73‐year‐old man developed malignant reticulosis with secondary sideroachrestic anemia. On eight occasions chromosome analyses were performed which included 208 peripheral blood cells and 403 bone marrow cells. Chromosome number ranged from 40‐625. In marrow a hypopentaploid stemline predominated with a mode at 104‐106. Supernumerary chromosomes were found in groups C, D, E, F and G, including two markers. Minor diploid, tetraploid and polyploid cell lines were also present. Peripheral blood cells were, with some exceptions, exactly diploid and only 1.5% were near‐tetraploid. During progression of the disease more and more hypertetraploid, hypopentaploid and polyploid reticulum cells emerged in the bone marrow, suggesting clonal evolution.
Outcome of Older Critically lIl Patients: A Matched Cohort Study

Background: Admission of older patients to intensive care units is a controversial issue. Objective: To estimate age-associated mortality of critically ill patients. Methods: A prospective matched cohort study in the Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital was conducted. We included 100 consecutive patients older than 70 years admitted to the intensive care unit (cases) and 100 patients younger than 70 years (controls). The matching criterion was the severity of illness at admission to the intensive care unit as estimated by the simplified acute physiological score (SAPS II) without including age in its calculation. Results: Mortality in the intensive care unit was higher, but not statistically significant, in the older group: 26% vs. 19% (p = 0.23). Patients older than 70 years had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (median 7 vs. 3 days) and longer stay in the intensive care unit (median 8 vs. 5 days). There were no differences in organ dysfunctions, except for a higher incidence of respiratory failure in the older group (p < 0.001). The use of invasive procedures was similar in both groups. There were more orders for the withholding/withdrawal of treatment in patients older than 70 years (9 vs. 3%, p = 0.07). Conclusion: In our study, age was not related with a significant higher mortality. In the older patients included in our study the survival was greater than 70% with a similar resource utilization except for a longer stay in the intensive care unit.
Multiple Forms and Distribution of Calcium/Calmodulin‐Stimulated Protein Kinase II in Brain

In recent years, the enzyme Ca2+/calmodulin‐stimulated protein kinase II1 (CaM‐PK II) as attracted a great deal of interest. CaM‐PK II is the most abundant calmodulin‐stimulated protein kinase in brain, where it is particularly enriched in neurons (Ouimet et al., 1984; Erondu and Kennedy, 1985; Lin et al., 1987; Scholz et al., 1988). Neuronal CaM‐PK II has been suggested to be involved in several phenomena associated with synaptic plasticity (Lisman and Goldring, 1988; Kelly, 1992), including long‐term potentiation (Malinow et al., 1988; Malenka et al.,1989), neurotransmission (Nichols et al., 1990; Siekevitz, 1991), and learning (for review, see Rostas, 1991). This enzyme has also been postulated to be selectively vulnerable in several pathological condition, including epilepsy/kindling (Bronstein et al.,1990; Wu et al., 1990), cerebral ischemia (Taft et al., 1988), and organophosphorus toxicity (Abou‐Donia and Lapadula, 1990).
Thermodynamics of computing: Entropy of nonergodic systems.

Landauer discussed the minimum energy necessary for computation and stated that erasure of information is accompanied with kT ln 2/ bit of heat generation. We reconsider this problem on the basis of Clausius's equation defining the thermodynamic entropy. We show that the erasing process, involving a transition from a nonergodic to an ergodic state, is irreversible and accompanied with k ln 2/bit of entropy generation, while the heat generation occurs in a writing process. The inverse of the erasing process corresponds to spontaneous symmetry breaking from an ergodic to a nonergodic state, which induces a decrease(! ) in thermodynamic entropy. Our theory is examined by a simulation of a binary device described by a Langevin equation. We argue that the so-called residual entropy of symmetry broken states, such as in ice, is not a thermodynamic quantity, even if it might be called "information entropy. " (c) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
TGFBR1*6A and cancer: a meta-analysis of 12 case-control studies.

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Extending Object-Z for specifying real-time systems

Object-Z is one of the object-oriented extensions to the formal notation Z. Though Object-Z notation includes some temporal operators to deal with history invariants, it still cannot be used as is for the specification of real-time system. The paper proposes an extension to Object-Z to specify real-time constraints. The novelty of the approach lies in the minimal set of syntactic extensions and the visible separation of real-time constraints from the specification of classes in the application. The proposed new language is called Real-Time Object-Z (RTOZ). The semantics of RTOZ provides a consistent mapping between the class definitions and the real-time constraints. The paper describes the syntactic extensions to Object-Z and illustrates the expressive power of RTOZ through the specification of a robotic assembly cell. A type checker for RTOZ is currently under development.
Effector-mediated stimulation of ATPase activity by the sigma 54-dependent transcriptional activator FHLA from Escherichia coli

The FHLA protein is the transcriptional regulator of the genes of the formate regulon from Escherichia coli. The protein shares homology with the sigma 54-dependent regulators of the NTRC family in the central and C-terminal domains but differs in possessing an extended N terminus lacking the aspartate residue which is the site of phosphorylation. Purified FHLA displays intrinsic ATPase activity which is stimulated weakly by formate and DNA. The presence of both formate and DNA carrying the upstream regulatory sequence to which FHLA binds leads to a large increase in the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Hypophosphite, a structural analog of formate, and azide, a transition state analog of formate, also stimulate ATPase activity, supporting the conclusion that formate is a direct ligand of FHLA. Half-maximal saturation of FHLA with formate took place at around 5 mM, and half-maximal saturation with target DNA took place at around 50 nM. The stimulation of ATPase activity by formate was conferred by a decrease in the apparent Km for ATP, whereas the effect of the DNA binding site also affected the Kcat of the reaction. The other nucleoside triphosphates, GTP, UTP, and CTP, competed with ATP cleavage by FHLA, suggesting at least their binding to FHLA. The specific ATPase activity of FHLA was dependent on the concentration of FHLA in the assay, especially in the presence of DNA and formate. Direct liganding of the effector, therefore, leads to the same consequence as phosphorylation for the NTRC-type regulators, namely, stimulation of ATPase activity.