Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Holistic Approaches to Reducing Salmonella Contamination in Poultry Industry

Salmonella are widely found in the poultry industry, which subsequently may pose a risk to animal and human health. The aim of this review is to highlight strategies for the prevention and control of Salmonella at each stage in the poultry production chain by monitoring risks from the farm to the retailer. Among the primary approaches for control of Salmonella at the farm level includes the administration of synthetic and natural compounds to live chickens (vaccination and antibiotic), litter management as well as fortification of feed and acidification of drinking water. In the poultry processing plant, multiple hurdle technology and different chilling conditions to reduce Salmonella were discussed. In the retail level, an effective monitoring program to control Salmonella contamination by good manufacturing practices and hazard analysis and critical control points has been reviewed. Overall, we conclude that these approaches play a role in reducing the dissemination of Salmonella in the poultry industry. However, there is no published data related to logistic scheduling of poultry processing.
Super High‐Expansion Poly(Lactic Acid) Foams with Excellent Oil‐Adsorption and Thermal‐Insulation Properties Fabricated by Supercritical CO2 Foaming

Bio‐based and biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) foams with a high expansion ratio show great application potential in oil‐adsorption and thermal‐insulation, which are crucial for oil‐spill cleanup and energy saving. However, it is difficult to prepare high‐expansion PLA foam due to the poor melt strength and complex crystallization behavior of PLA. Herein, super high‐expansion PLA foams with excellent oil‐adsorption and thermal‐insulation properties are successfully prepared using a modified supercritical CO2 foaming technology without introducing eco‐unfriendly chain extenders or fillers. High‐strength melt at low temperature and low‐strength melt at high temperature are used to prepare closed‐cell and open‐cell foams, respectively. The resulting PLA closed‐cell foam with an expansion ratio of 60 shows a thermal conductivity as low as 31.7 mW m−1 k−1, and the PLA open‐cell foam with an expansion ratio of 43 and exhibits an adsorption capacity of 10.9–31.2 g g−1 for various oils. Based on the prepared PLA foams with tunable structure, the influence of cell structure on the properties of the foam is also studied. Of particular note, reducing the cell size can obviously enhance the surface hydrophobicity of PLA foam. This work provides a green strategy for the preparation of eco‐friendly materials applied in environment protection and energy conservation.
Drying Effects on Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of Ginger Powder Undergoing Different Drying Techniques

The objective of this study was focused on drying techniques including oven, mechanical, sun and shade drying on changes in phytochemicals and scavenging antioxidant capacity of ginger powder. The dry ginger had highest phenolics content (487.87±2.63 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (322.63±3.74 mg RE/g) on weight basis. The highest DPPH antioxidant scavenging capacity in (78.13±1.02%) and highest FRAP assay in (38.64±0.76 mmol Fe(II)/mg). Oven drying technique had a positive effect on retaining flavonoids content. Shade drying technique had a positive effect on retaining phenolics content, ascorbic acid and DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity assay. On the other hand, sun drying technique had a positive effect on retaining FRAP antioxidant assay. The changes in antioxidant scavenging activity due to the drying techniques were positively correlated with phytochemicals content. Drying techniques caused a significant change in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in dry ginger. However, it can be recommended that special technique should be taken for processing that phytochemicals and antioxidant scavenging capacity remain in processed ginger powder.
Identifi cation of Brominated Flame Retardants in Sediment and Soil by Cyclohexane Extraction and Gas Chromatography

The accumulation of brominated fl ame retardants (BFRs) in the environment raises concern in light of observed detrimental effects on wildlife as well as on public health. We here present a recently modifi ed method for the identifi cation and quantifi cation of the following selection of bromodiphenyl ether (BDE) fl ame retardants: BDE-17, -47, -66, -100, -153 and -183, in soil and sediments, using a new extraction procedure followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Low- and high- resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS and HRMS, respectively) were compared and the latter was found to be superior with respect to both sensitivity and linear range. At LRMS mode the linear range was 3.8 – 19.2 ng/g dry weight (dw), while the use of HRMS more than doubled the linear range to 1.9 – 38.4 ng/g dry weight. Both methods were tested with regards to matrix associated effects on the limit of detection and quantitation. The use of HRMS yielded equal sensitivity for standards in solution and matrix. This was not the case when using LRMS. Here the limits of detection and quantitation were severely elevated by the matrix. Recoveries were comparable, but slightly higher at LRMS mode (77.0 – 121.9%) compared to HRMS (83.2 – 115.3%). The method described here is high throughput, low cost and will prove valuable in monitoring the levels of BFRs in the environment.
Determinants and distribution of out of pocket ex­penditure for health care services in a district of western Maharashtra, India: An Observational Study.

Background: Reliability on out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) for health care services is commonly seen among the Indian population. There are various determinants which affect the OOP health expenditure. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the impact of socioeconomic, demographic, and educational factors on OOPE and distribution of it among various components of health care services and diseases among the households of Pune district of Maharashtra. Method: An observational study was considered for primary data collection. Total 415 households were surveyed and out of them 353 were considered for analysis. Cross-tabulation and chi-square test was used to find out the significant relationship between the different variables. Result: It was found that the area of residence, age, gender, and type of disease, marital status, level of education, socioeconomic status of households have significant relationship with OOPE. The medicine purchase had greatest impact on OOPE followed by OPD and IPD services. Non-communicable diseases increase the burden on OOPE. Conclusion: Households should be made aware of various modes of healthcare financing; simultaneously government should improve penetration of existing social health insurance schemes. The policy makers should consider the factors mentioned and increase spending on public health to strengthen the existing facilities to further reduce the OOPE burden related to healthcare services.
Patients’ Experiences of Life Challenges After Liver Transplantation: A Qualitative Study

Patients experience a new life with different challenges after liver transplantation (LT). Identifying these challenges can facilitate the improvement of their quality of life. This study aimed to explore patients’ experiences of post-LT life challenges. This qualitative study was performed in 2019 through the content analysis approach. Participants were liver transplant recipients purposively recruited from a LT clinic. Semistructured interviews were conducted for data collection. Data were analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis approach. Meaning units were identified and coded, and the codes were grouped into subcategories and categories according to their similarities. In total, 18 transplant recipients were interviewed. Their age mean was 51 years and their transplant age ranged from 4 months to 12 years. Their post-LT life challenges were categorized into 4 main categories, that is, self-care deficit, the need for seeking information, fears and concerns, and hope–despair duality. Nurses and members of LT team are recommended to assess transplant recipients’ life challenges and develop comprehensive plans for managing their challenges and problems and improving their quality of life.
Water mediated synthesis of phase-stable red-emitting CsPbI3 nanocrystals

With the unusual luminescence and photoconductive characteristics, the CsPbI3 perovskite has attracted a lot of attention in the field of material synthesis and device fabrication. The general synthesis methods of CsPbI3 are through the organic solvent spin-coating and heating. To avoid the toxic organic solvent, herein we reported the organic solvent-free synthesis method. The precursors PbI2 and CsI were solved in aqueous solution and heated to form the CsPbI3 perovskite. It is found that the Na2S2O3 as a reaction additive could enhance the CsPbI3 crystal quality and the synthesis temperature could be lowered down to 80 °C. The content of Pb2+ was increased by combination with S2O32− in Na2S2O3 aqueous solution. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed the PL of CsPbI3 perovskite can disappear/recover through absorbing/removing to moisture, respectively. By integrating the CsPbI3 film to the blue diode, we obtained an LED device. Our method provides an innovative strategy to prepare CsPbI3 perovskites in aqueous solution. We reported water mediated synthesis of phase-stable red-emitting CsPbI3 nanocrystals at the reaction temperature as low as 80 °C with the introduced Na2S2O3 additive. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra with could be fully recovered after continuous cycles of moisture absorption and removal. The temperature-dependence PL spectra demonstrated that the CsPbI3 prepared in the presence of Na2S2O3 exhibited the better PL properties and crystal quality compared with that in the absence of Na2S2O3.
Comprehensive preclinical evaluation of how cardiac safety profiles of potential COVID-19 drugs are modified by disease associated factors.

Background and Purpose: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, alone or in combination with azithromycin, have been proposed as therapies for COVID-19. However, there is currently scant and inconsistent data regarding their proarrhythmic potential in these patients. Moreover, their risk profile in the setting of altered physiological states encountered in patients with COVID-19 (i.e. febrile state, electrolyte imbalances, and/or acidosis) is unknown. Experimental approach: Potency of hERG block was measured using high-throughput electrophysiology in the presence of variable environmental factors. These potencies informed simulations to predict population risk profiles. Effects on cardiac repolarisation were verified in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) from three separate individuals. Key Results: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine blocked hERG with IC50 of 1.47±0.07 µM and 3.78±0.17 µM respectively, indicating proarrhythmic risk at concentrations effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and proposed in COVID-19 clinical trials. Hypokalaemia and hypermagnesemia increased potency of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, indicating increased proarrhythmic risk. Acidosis significantly reduced potency of all drugs (i.e. reduced proarrhythmic risk), whereas increased temperature decreased potency of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine but increased potency for azithromycin. In silico simulations across genetically diverse populations predicted that 17% of individuals exhibit action potential durations >500 ms at the highest proposed therapeutic levels, equating to significant QT prolongation. Conclusion and Implications: Significant proarrhythmic risk is predicted for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine at doses proposed to treat COVID-19. Clinicians should carefully consider the risk of such treatments, and implement long term QT interval monitoring in trials, particularly in patients with electrolyte imbalances.
Stability of Milling Process with Variable Spindle Speed Using Runge–Kutta-Based Complete Method

The variable-spindle-speed (VSS) technique is effective in preventing regenerative chatter in milling processes. However, spindle-speed-modulation parameters should be deliberately selected to augment the material removal rate. Stability-prediction algorithms of stability predicting play an important role in this respect, as they allow the prediction of stability for all ranges of a given spindle speed. The increase in calculation time in variable-spindle-speed milling, which is caused by the modulation frequency, hinders its practical use in the workshop. In this paper, a Runge–Kutta-based complete discretization method (RKCDM) is presented to predict the stability of milling with variable spindle speeds, which is described by a set of delay differential equations (DDEs) with time-periodic coefficients and time-varying delay. The convergence and calculation efficiency are compared with those of the semidiscretization method (SDM) under different testing configurations and milling conditions. Results show that RKCDM is more accurate and saves at least 50% of the calculation time of SDM. The effects of modulation parameters on the stability of VSS milling are explored through stability lobe diagrams produced from RKCDM.
Classification of pest detection in paddy crop based on transfer learning approach

ABSTRACT Pest recognition in the agriculture field plays a critical issue for the farmers which diminishes economic growth. So far, traditional practices were followed by farmers to increase yield production. Nowadays, researchers execute a deep learning approach to classify various kinds of images practically. In this paper, Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) are used to recognise ten kinds of pests present in the paddy crop. The data repository contains around 3549 pest images that affect the paddy crops, Since Deep Learning supports well for larger data-set so the data augmentation process is carried out. The neural model is build using various kinds of DCNN architecture, interpretation was made over the models based on the accuracy rate and the performance. The transfer learning approach is applied over the pest data set by fine-tuning the hyperparameters and the layers of the ResNet-50 model. By comparing the resultant value, the fine-tuned ResNet-50 model produced better accuracy of 95.012% among other models. The obtained resultant value describes the effective performance of the model in pest disease classification.
Teaching a culture of care: Why it matters

The use of animal in biomedical research remains a critical compromise. Research and higher education institutions play a major role in educating on the use of animal and such training is expected to translate into the development of a culture of care practice across all staff working with animals. But nurturing a “culture of care” and impacting in professional attitudes in the field of animal research remains challenging due to its social, ethical and different institutional frameworks. From an educational perspective, current practice remains challenged by the need for better integration of inter-cultural perceptions on animal welfare, supported by more cross disciplinary integration in educational curriculum including the relevance of the 3Rs principles and promoting reflective practice strategies. Institutional support is crucial to provide a safe, and supportive framework to promote such caring ethos. Our aim is to discuss practical actions to implement and assess culture of care, highlighting its direct impact on the professional integrity of staff which is directly linked to research and education excellence. Seeking a global welfare for all the beings involved and supporting individual and team reflective practice will provide better tools to guarantee the best care of the animals.
Opening the Journey of Exploring Cultural Geography for Students

In modern society, how to improve students' cognitive abilities is an important challenge facing high schools. The school library as the information center of the school should fully play its role in addressing this challenge. With the help of Evergreen Education Foundation, the library team of Danfeng High School located in a rural county of western China, initiated the collaboration with subject teachers to guide students in learning. After several years of experiments, we found that the inquiry-based learning projects jointly developed by librarians and teachers can help improve students' cognitive abilities. This paper studied an example of these projects, “Cultural Differences and Geographical Environment" project, co-developed by a geography teacher and a librarian. By reviewing the project process and assessing its outcomes, we summarized the design factors contributed to the improvement of the students’ cognitive abilities, and reflected upon what can be done better, to benefit the future development.
VỀ PHÁT TRIỂN NÔNG NGHIỆP XANH, LỢI ÍCH, NHẬN THỨC VÀ LỰA CHỌN

Để so sánh ý nghĩa của nông nghiệp xanh, những thực tiễn trong nông nghiệp xanh được phân tích so sánh giữa lợi ích của nông nghiệp xanh và thực tiễn nông nghiệp truyền thống hiện nay. Bài báo này dựa trên những tài liệu đã công bố để chứng minh lợi ích của nông nghiệp xanh cũng như các mối liên hệ giữa phát triển thực tiễn nông nghiệp xanh với những vấn đề kinh tế, sinh thái, môi trường và dân sinh. Nông nghiệp xanh chỉ được xem như thành công khi nó không chỉ đảm bảo được an ninh lương thực, mà còn tạo ra được một hệ sinh thái lành mạnh và hài hòa với thiên nhiên. Bài báo cũng đề cập đến những kiến nghị về chính sách ở phạm vi toàn cầu và quốc gia trong phát triển nông nghiệp xanh. Ngoài việc nhận thức về lợi ích của nông nghiệp xanh, cần có những chính sách sát với thực tiễn mới có thể đưa ra những lựa chọn đúng trong phát triển thực tiễn nông nghiệp xanh theo đúng nghĩa của nó.
Low noise Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates

We report on the demonstration of Al0.85Ga0. 15As0.56Sb0. 44 (hereafter, AlGaAsSb) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with a 1000 nm-thick multiplication layer. Such a thick AlGaAsSb device was grown by a digital alloy technique to avoid phase separation. The current-voltage measurements under dark and illumination conditions were performed to determine gain for the AlGaAsSb APDs. The highest gain was ∼ 42, and the avalanche initiation occurred at 21.6 V. The breakdown voltage was found to be around −53 V. The measured dark current densities of bulk and surface components were 6.0 μA/cm2 and 0.23 μA/cm, respectively. These values are about two orders of magnitude lower than those for previously reported 1550 nm-thick AlAs0.56Sb0. 44 APDs [Yi et al., Nat. Photonics 13, 683 (2019)]. Excess noise measurements showed that the AlGaAsSb APD has a low k of 0.01 (the ratio of electron and hole impact ionization coefficients) compared to Si APDs. The k of the 1000-nm AlGaAsSb APD is similar to that of the thick AlAsSb APDs (k ∼ 0.005) and 5–8 times lower than that of 170 nm-thick AlGaAsSb APDs (k ∼ 0.5–0.8). Increasing the thickness of the multiplication layer over 1000 nm can also reduce k further since the difference between electron and hole impact ionization coefficients becomes significant in this material system as the thickness of the multiplication layer increases. Therefore, this thick AlGaAsSb-based APD on an InP substrate shows the potential to be a high-performance multiplier that can be used with available short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) absorption layers for a SWIR APD.
Simultaneous Determination of Tartrazine and Sunset Yellow in Soft Drinks by Liquid Chromatography

Food pigments have been used to enhance sensory response and meet the consumers always growing demands. Synthetic pigments present some advantages in comparison with the natural ones, but they can cause adverse toxicological side effects, being considered as unhealthy substances for humans. Therefore, much attention has been given to the development of new advanced analytical techniques for the analysis of synthetic colours in beverages. The main aim of this work was the determination of two colorants, Tartrazine (E-102) and Sunset Yellow (E-110) added to different soft drinks, using an efficient chromatographic method, without an extensive sample pre-treatment. The obtained results for the determinations of Tartrazine and Sunset Yellow on real soft drink samples demonstrated that the described method is rather fast, is accurate and precise, with a very good detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ).
The impact of social media and e-WOM on the success of reward-based crowdfunding campaigns

Crowdfunding (CF) is a financial tool that has faced an impressive growth over the past few years, and provides an alternative form of fundraising entrepreneurial projects. However, not all CF campaigns are successful in attracting the investors’ interest and obtaining the pledging goal. As CF is built over internet platforms, digital marketing strategies have been used to improve awareness and engage people to contribute with small amounts of money for a given CF campaign. Hence, this paper intends to study the effect of social media and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on the CF campaigns’ outcomes and whether these digital marketing strategies might influence the small investors’ decision to support or not a reward-based CF campaign. Using a sample of data from the second largest American reward-based CF platform (Indiegogo), we have applied the multiple OLS regression analysis, to assess the causal effect of various sets of variables in the success rate of a CF campaign. The findings show that social media and e-WOM strategies play a critical role and have a positive significant impact on a CF campaign.
Origin of the Normal and Inverse Hysteresis Behavior during CO Oxidation over Pt/Al2O3

The hysteresis in the CO oxidation profile over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts has been intensively studied, but its origin is still controversial. In this work, the influence of the Pt particle size and size distribution was systematically investigated. By the application of conventional and advanced preparation methods, such as flame spray pyrolysis and supercritical fluid reactive deposition, a series of catalysts containing homogeneous distributions of Pt particles were obtained. An optimal Pt particle size of 2–3 nm was identified for the CO oxidation light-off on Pt/Al2O3 catalysts. The CO oxidation results show a clear correlation between the Pt nanoparticle size and the ignition/extinction profile, including the switch of the hysteresis loop. On the basis of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization combined with in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, the appearance of inverse h.
Pedagogical Support of the Self-Development of Adolescents in Additional Education in the Framework of the Reflective-Value Approach

The article is devoted to the problem of pedagogical support of the self-development of adolescents in additional education, implemented within the framework of the methodology of the reflective-value approach developed by the author in the framework of the scientific school of existential pedagogy under the guidance of Professor M.I. Rozhkov. In the context of the reflexive-value approach, the pedagogical support of the self-development of adolescents sets as their first priority the task of forming value meanings in the adolescent, and, on the basis of this, constructs and implements the project of his life. The most effective implementation of this approach can be represented in the system of supplementary education for children, which involves the organization by pupils of the space of their life based on choice, and contributing to the formation of a teenager’s readiness for self-development.