Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alerting Users on Android: The Effect of an Alert During a GUI Confusion Attack

are replacing many tasks that used to be done on computers. This increase of usage makes it a prime target for phishing and other malicious attacks. One of these attacks is a Graphic User Interface (GUI) confusion attack, this is a lesser known but highly successful attack method where a mobile application confuses the user by impersonating another application to obtain sensitive user information. One way to protect users from falling for these attacks is to alert the user when an apparent attack is taking place. In this paper an experiment is performed to assess how users change their interactions with an application when an alert is shown. Subjects are asked to interact with a created proof of concept application that mimics a GUI Confusion Attack. One group gets shown an alert and the other group does not. The interactions of the user with the application did not change significantly when the alert was shown. The effectiveness of the attack did decrease slightly but there was not a change in trust in the application by the user. KeywordsMobile, Android, Malicious application, GUI Confusion, GUI inference, Alert, Warning.
Monocular Vernier Acuity in Normally Binocular, Monocular, and Amblyopic Subjects

Previous experiments that have compared monocular vernier acuity in amblyopic, monocularly blind, and normal binocular subjects have been confined to the center of the retina. Based on brain changes that accompany the early disruption of form vision in one eye, monocularly blind subjects (that is, those who have completely lost the ability to process form vision in one eye) and amblyopic subjects are expected to have better vernier acuity in their normally functioning eye than subjects with normal binocular vision. Results from such studies have been ambiguous. This experiment was set up to study monocular vernier acuity in the central and peripheral retina of the three groups of subjects mentioned above. The results show that, at the center, monocularly blind subjects have the best vernier acuity followed by the amblyopic subjects and, finally, the normal binocular subjects have the worst acuity. In the peripheral retina, no significant differences were found between the three groups. A possible explanation has been provided for this finding.
Identification of the blue‐sensitive cones in the mammalian retina by anti‐visual pigment antibody

Monoclonal antibodies to visual pigments produced in our laboratory were applied to analyze the distribution of color‐specific photoreceptor cells in the retina (photoreceptor mosaic). We demonstrated in two ways that the monoclonal antibody OS‐2 specifically recognized the blue‐sensitive cone cells in the mammalian retina. First, rabbit photoreceptors damaged selectively by intense blue light were recognized by OS‐2 antibody. Second, OS‐2‐positive cones in the ground squirrel were those with thick inner segments, which is known to be characteristic of the blue‐sensitive cones. In addition, the OS‐2‐positive cones in monkeys have a distribution and pattern characteristic of blue‐sensitive cones in that species. In several other species (human, rabbit, cow, and pig), the OS‐2‐positive cones represent an appropriate minority of the population of photoreceptor cells.
Misperceptions exist about sleep attacks when driving

EDITOR—Around half of all sleep related road crashes are caused by healthy adults aged under 301. We investigate many such crashes and find that most drivers deny having fallen asleep, and the evidence has to come from elsewhere. Other research shows that momentary sleep can go unnoticed.2 Moreover, these drivers usually deny knowledge of prior sleepiness, even those admitting to having fallen asleep. Ostensibly, it was an “unforewarned” sleep attack. Claims that drivers with Parkinson's disease are …
Pediatric office-based smoking intervention: impact on maternal smoking and relapse.

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of a brief smoking intervention delivered by pediatricians in the context of usual well baby office visits on postnatal maternal smoking and relapse. SETTING Forty-nine private pediatric practices including 128 practitioners. DESIGN Randomization of pediatric practices into minimal and extended intervention sites with all enrolled mothers of newborns within a practice receiving the same level of intervention. INTERVENTION Smoking mothers in minimal condition received a hospital packet containing written information about passive smoking and a letter advising them to quit. Those in extended condition received the hospital packet plus oral and written advice at usual well baby visits: 2 weeks, 2, 4, and 6 months. MEASUREMENTS Smoking and relapse rates at 6 months postpartum, demographics associated with smoking status, attitudes, and knowledge in regard to passive smoking, and recall surveys of mothers in regard to receiving advice or written materials. RESULTS Two-thousand nine-hundred-one mothers of newborns were enrolled in the study. Those in the extended condition had higher quit rates (5.9% vs 2.7%, P < .01) and lower relapse rates (45% vs 55%, P < .01) than those in the minimal condition. Mothers' educational status and the presence of a smoking partner in the home were the major demographic variables associated with smoking status at enrollment and at follow-up. Compared with smokers in the minimal condition, those in extended at 6 months postpartum had significantly better attitudes and knowledge regarding passive smoking and allowed less smoking in the home. Mothers attending extended practices reported much higher rates of receiving oral advice and written materials than those in the minimal condition. CONCLUSIONS A brief program can lead to major increases in the willingness of pediatricians to deliver smoking advice. A 1- to 2-minute intervention delivered in the context of usual well baby care can have a positive impact on maternal smoking and especially upon relapse prevention. A recent smoking history should be obtained from all mothers of newborns so that interventions can be aimed at both cessation and relapse prevention.
TYPE-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT OF

Modern software systems rely on communication; for example, mobile applications communicating with a central server, distributed systems coordinating a telecommunications network, or concurrent systems handling events and processes in a desktop application. However, reasoning about concurrent programs is hard since we must reason about each process and the order in which communication might happen between processes. In this paper, I describe a type-driven approach to implementing communicating concurrent programs using the dependently typed programming language Idris. I show how the type system can be used to describe resource access protocols (such as controlling access to a file handle) and verify that the programs correctly follow those protocols. Finally, I show how to use the type system to reason about the order of communication between concurrent processes, ensuring that each end of a communication channel follows a defined protocol.
Stress induced performance degradation in LC oscillators

Stress induced performance degradation in CMOS LC oscillators are investigated systematically. Three architectures of LC oscillators are studied, including NMOS, PMOS, and complementary LC oscillators, for 0.16 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The 0.16 /spl mu/m wafers are stressed, and the aged parameters are extracted. The aged parameters are used to study the stress induced parameter degradations of LC oscillators, including phase noise, amplitude, and the tuning range. After the comparison among the three LC oscillators, it is shown that the complementary LC oscillators are more reliable.
NK Markers Are Expressed on a High Percentage of Virus-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells1

NK cells have been phenotypically defined by the expression of specific markers such as NK1.1, DX5, and asialo-GM1 (ASGM1). In addition to NK cells, a small population of CD3+ T cells has been shown to express these markers, and a unique subpopulation of NK1.1+CD3+ T cells that expresses an invariant TCR has been named “NKT cells. ” Here, we describe NK marker expression on a broad spectrum of MHC class I- and MHC class II-restricted T cells that are induced after acute viral infection. From 5 to >500 days post lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, more than 90% of virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells coexpress one or more of these three prototypical NK markers. Furthermore, in vivo depletion of NK cells with anti-ASGM1 Ab resulted in the removal of 90% of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and 50–80% of virus-specific CD4+ T cells. This indicates that studies using in vivo depletion to determine the role of NK cells in immune defense could potentially be misinterpreted because of the unintended depletion of Ag-specific T cells. These results demonstrate that NK Ags are widely expressed on the majority of virus-specific T cells and indicate that the NK and T cell lineages may not be as distinct as previously believed. Moreover, the current nomenclature defining NKT cells will require comprehensive modification to include Ag-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells that express prototypical NK Ags.
An Integrated Molar/Molecular Model of the Brain

A model of the brain is presented at both molecular and molar levels. Communication between neurons is thought to be a kind of telegraph code, with the information being coded as the permutation of four possible interval values between successive action potentials in spike trains. A small species of RNA molecule is thought to be the memory molecule, and the four possible nucleotide bases of RNA correspond to the four possible interval values. The model is shown to account for generalization, speed of retrieval, mass action, long- and short-term memory, forgetting, operant and classical conditioning, intelligence, reaction time, the action of anaesthetic agents, and some aspects of personality. Some evidence from multidisciplinary sources is presented in support of the major features of the model.
Genomic dissection of Hurthle cell carcinoma reveals a unique class of thyroid malignancy.

CONTEXT Hurthle cell cancer (HCC) is an understudied cancer with poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to elucidate the genomic foundations of HCC. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a large-scale integrated analysis of mutations, gene expression profiles, and copy number alterations in HCC at a single tertiary-care cancer institution. METHODS Mass spectrometry-based genotyping was used to interrogate hot spot point mutations in the most common thyroid oncogenes: BRAF, RET, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, PIK3CA, MAP2K1, and AKT1. In addition, common oncogenic fusions of RET and NTRK1 as well as PAX8/PPARγ and AKAP9-BRAF were also assessed by RT-PCR. Global copy number changes and gene expression profiles were determined in the same tumor set as the mutational analyses. RESULTS We report that the mutational, transcriptional, and copy number profiles of HCC were distinct from those of papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer, indicating HCC to be a unique type of thyroid malignancy. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of gene expression showed the 3 groups of Hurthle tumors (Hurthle cell adenoma [HA], minimally invasive Hurthle cell carcinoma [HMIN], and widely invasive Hurthle cell carcinoma [HWIDE] clustered separately with a marked difference between HWIDE and HA. Global copy number analysis also indicated distinct subgroups of tumors that may arise as HWIDE and HMIN. Molecular pathways that differentiate HA from HWIDE included the PIK3CA-Akt-mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, potentially providing a rationale for new targets for this type of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that HCC may be a unique thyroid cancer distinct from papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.
Influence of bioactive glass on changes in alveolar process dimensions after exodontia.

BACKGROUND Preservation of the alveolar process after tooth extraction is desirable because it facilitates placement of endosseous implants and minimizes adverse esthetic results associated with fixed partial dentures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of bioactive glass used as a graft material combined with calcium sulfate used in the form of a mechanical barrier in preserving alveolar ridges after tooth extraction. METHODS Sixteen patients who required extraction of 2 anterior teeth or bicuspids participated in the study (split mouth design). After tooth extraction and elevation of a buccal full-thickness flap, experimental sockets were filled with bioactive glass, which in turn was covered with a layer of calcium sulfate. Control sites did not receive any graft or calcium sulfate. Titanium pins served as fixed reference points for measurements. No attempt was made to advance the flap to cover the socket areas on control or experimental sites (open socket approach). Reentry surgeries were performed at 6 months. RESULTS Reentry surgeries showed that experimental sites presented with (1) significantly more internal socket bone fill (6.43 +/- 2.78 mm vs 4.00 +/- 2.33 mm on control sites), (2) less (although not statistically significantly less) resorption of alveolar bone height (0.38 +/- 3.18 mm vs 1.00 +/- 2. 25 mm on control sites), and (3) similar degree of horizontal resorption of the alveolar bony ridge as compared with controls (3. 48 +/- 2.68 mm vs 3.06 +/- 2.41 mm on control sites). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that treatment of extraction sockets with a combination of bioactive glass and calcium sulfate is of some benefit in preserving alveolar ridge dimensions after tooth extraction.
Competitive Adsorption of Arsenate and Arsenite on Oxides and Clay Minerals

Arsenic adsorption on amorphous Al and Fe oxides and the clay minerals, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite was investigated as a function of solution pH and As redox state, i.e., arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)]. Arsenic adsorption experiments were carried out in batch systems to determine adsorption envelopes, amount of As(III), As(V), or both adsorbed as a function of solution pH per fixed total As concentration of 20 μM As. Arsenate adsorption on oxides and clays was maximal at low pH and decreased with increasing pH above pH 9 for Al oxide, pH 7 for Fe oxide and pH 5 for clays. Arsenite adsorption exhibited parabolic behavior with an adsorption maximum around pH 8.5 for all materials. There was no competitive effect of the presence of equimolar arsenite on arsenate adsorption. The competitive effect of equimolar arsenate on arsenite adsorption was small and apparent only on kaolinite and illite in the pH range 6.5 to 9. The constant capacitance model was able to fit the arsenate and arsenite adsorption envelopes to obtain values of the intrinsic As surface complexation constants. These intrinsic surface complexation constants were then used in the model to predict competitive arsenate and arsenite adsorption from solutions containing equimolar As(III) and As(V) concentrations. The constant capacitance model was able to predict As adsorption from mixed As(III)-As(V) solutions in systems where there was no competitive effect.
Matthew Effects in Reading Comprehension

The presence of Matthew effects was tested in students of varying reading, spelling, and vocabulary skills. A cross-sequential design was implemented, following 587 Grade 2 through 4 students across five measurement points (waves) over 2 years. Students were administered standardized assessments of reading, spelling, and vocabulary. Results indicated that the hypothesized fan-spread pattern for Matthew effects was not evident. Low and high ability groups were formed based on 25th and 75th percentile cutoffs on initial measures of spelling, reading accuracy and fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. Multilevel modeling suggested that low and high ability groups had significantly different starting points (intercepts) and their pattern of growth on passage comprehension did not indicate that the gap would increase over time. Instead, some analyses, especially of the youngest cohorts, showed significant convergence. However, there was no evidence of eventually closing the gap. Thus, although the poor students may not be getting poorer, they do not get sufficiently richer either.
Méthodes de calcul en plasticité

Les methodes de calcul en plasticite ont profondement evolue ces dix dernieres annees, a partir des travaux des pionniers en viscoplasticite CORNFIELD (G.C.), JOHNSON (R.H.) - Theoretical prediction of plastic flow in hot rolling including the effect of temperature distribution. LEE (C.H.), KOBAYASHI (S.) - New solutions to rigid‐plastic deformation problems using a matrix method. ZIENKIEWICZ (O.C.), GODBOLE (P.N.) - Flow of plastic and visco‐plastic solids with special reference to extrusion and forming processes. et en elastoplasticite ZIENKIEWICZ (O.C.), VALLIAPAN (S.), KING (I.P.) - Elastoplastic solutions of engineering problems initial stress finite element approach. Les methodes utilisees jusque la : methode des tranches, methodes extremales, methode des lignes de glissement, methode de viscoplasticite, sont progressivement remplacees par la methode des elements finis dont la puissance et la souplesse permettent de prendre en compte des geometries complexes, des comportements de plus en plus realistes, et de developper des codes de calcul utilisables dans l’industrie. Ces changements ont ete rendus possibles par l’augmentation spectaculaire des performances des ordinateurs de cout abordable par une entreprise moyenne, et par l’apparition des stations de travail comportant un terminal graphique evolue. Neanmoins les anciennes methodes, outre leur interet historique, conservent un interet pedagogique indeniable et leur application intelligente a des problemes complexes, en simplifiant au maximum les conditions physiques, permet d’obtenir des ordres de grandeur utiles, qu’il est souvent interessant de comparer aux modeles sophistiques dans lesquels une erreur de donnee est possible, et parfois difficile a detecter. Dans ce qui suit, certaines de ces methodes seront donc rappelees brievement en donnant les elements indispensables a leur mise en œuvre. Nous avons volontairement exclu la methode des lignes de glissement, dont la complexite est proche de celle des elements finis, mais qu’il est difficile d’appliquer a des situations ou la geometrie, les conditions aux limites, ou le comportement sont complexes.
Effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on survival of axial pattern flaps in rats with ischaemia–reperfusion injuries

Oxygen–derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury after ischaemia–reperfusion. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active ingredient of honeybee propolis, has been identified as having potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We evaluated the ability of CAPE applied intraperitoneally in reducing tissue injury after ischaemia–reperfusion. To investigate whether treatment with CAPE modifies the concentrations of the endogenous indices of oxidant stress, we examined its effects on a model of flap ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats. CAPE (10 µmol/kg) was given through the peritoneum before reperfusion. CAPE given intraperitoneally had an inhibitory effect on tissue injury after ischaemia–reperfusion comparable to that of a control group. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CAPE may contribute to its suppression of tissue injury.
Uniformity Improvement in 1T1R RRAM With Gate Voltage Ramp Programming

Uniformity is one of the most severe challenges for resistive random access memory (RRAM). In this letter, a novel programming scheme with gate voltage ramping (GVR) is proposed to improve the uniformity of RRAM in a one transistor and one resistor structure. In traditional operation, the gate of the access transistor is biased with a constant voltage and a sweeping voltage is applied to the source or drain during the SET (from HRS to LRS) and RESET (from LRS to HRS) processes. With the GVR scheme, the gate voltage VG is ramped and the source/drain are kept constant. A tight distribution of HRS can be achieved using GVR. Analysis of power generation in the RESET process of the GVR scheme reveals positive feedback from joule heating, which helps to accelerate filament rupture and results in a tendency to achieve full RESET. The intermediate resistance states commonly observed are effectively eliminated.
Stratégies de sélection des exemples pour l’apprentissage actif avec des champs aléatoires conditionnels

Beaucoup de problèmes de TAL sont désormais modélisés comme des tâches d’apprentissage supervisé. De ce fait, le coût des annotations des exemples par l’expert représente un problème important. L’apprentissage actif (active learning) apporte un cadre à ce problème, permettant de contrôler le coût d’annotation tout en maximisant, on l’espère, la performance de la tâche visée, mais repose sur le choix difficile des exemples à soumettre à l’expert. Dans cet article, nous examinons et proposons des stratégies de sélection des exemples pour le cas spécifique des champs aléatoires conditionnels (Conditional Random Fields, CRF), outil largement utilisé en TAL. Nous proposons d’une part une méthode simple corrigeant un biais de certaines méthodes de l’état de l’art. D’autre part, nous détaillons une méthode originale de sélection s’appuyant sur un critère de respect des proportions dans les jeux de données manipulés. Le bien- fondé de ces propositions est vérifié au travers de plusieurs tâches et jeux de données, incluant reconnaissance d’entités nommées, chunking, phonétisation, désambiguïsation de sens.
Mean platelets volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as predictors of stroke

Mean platelets volume (MPV) is a marker, which indicates platelet function, and is a potential link between inflammation and thrombosis. Previous studies have found a relation between high MPV levels and high risk of stroke. Another factor that has been associated with the risk of stroke is neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Several studies have reported an association between increased NLR and increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. It was found that NLR levels have a relation to the prognosis as well. Since both NLR and MPV have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, together they may predict the risk of stroke and the prognosis with higher sensitivity and specificity.
XML Query by Example

XML's tree structure provides a rich background for complicated structural searches. In this paper we present a new system, called XML Query by Example (XML QBE) that allows the user to query XML documents exploiting their inherent tree structure. We present some interesting queries and describe the underlying query processing algorithms. We also describe the system's architecture and report its implementation status. Finally we conclude the paper by pointing out some future work.