Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sympathetic hyperinnervation of the uterus in the estrogen receptor alpha knock-out mouse.

Uterine innervation undergoes cyclical remodeling in the adult virgin rat. Previous studies showed that ovariectomy leads to increased uterine sympathetic nerve density, and this can be reduced by estrogen administration. However, the receptor mechanism by which estrogen modulates sympathetic innervation is unknown. The present study assessed the role of the estrogen receptor alpha in establishing levels of uterine innervation by comparing the nerve abundance in mice with a null mutation of the estrogen receptor alpha with those of the wild-type cycling mouse. Immunostaining for total uterine innervation using antibodies against the pan-neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 showed that nerve numbers in normally cycling wild-type mice were high in diestrus when circulating estrogen is at its nadir, and low at estrus, coincident with high plasma estrogen. Uteri of the estrogen receptor alpha knock-out mice were smaller than those of wild-type mice, but even when corrected for differences in size, total innervation was 188% and 355% greater than that of wild-type mice at diestrus and estrus, respectively. This hyperinnervation is associated with increased numbers of nerves immunoreactive for the noradrenergic enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase, without obvious differences in those containing calcitonin gene-related peptide or the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. While estrogen supplementation of the ovariectomized wild-type mice significantly reduced total uterine innervation, neither ovariectomy nor estrogen supplementation affected uterine nerve density in estrogen receptor alpha knock-out mice.We conclude that estrogen acting through the estrogen receptor alpha determines the number of sympathetic nerve terminal branches within uterine smooth muscle target. In mice with low circulating estrogen, or high estrogen but lacking the functional estrogen receptor alpha, the uterus contains abundant sympathetic nerves, whereas estrogen acts via the estrogen receptor alpha to regulate uterine innervation by reducing numbers of intact sympathetic nerves. Although it is not known whether estrogen acts on the target or neuron to initiate these changes, the estrogen receptor alpha apparently plays a major role in the cyclical modulation of uterine sympathetic innervation.
Sustainability of China's Growth Model: A Productivity Perspective

In the present paper, the debate on China's growth sustainability is first revisited by highlighting the importance of total factor productivity (TFP). China's TFP performance is then assessed by applying the Jorgensonian aggregate production possibility frontier framework to the latest version of the China Industry Productivity (CIP) database. We find that of China's 8.9-percent annual GDP growth over the period 1980–2012, 7.0 percentage points (ppts) could be attributed to the growth of labor productivity and 1.9 ppts to the increase in hours worked. Nevertheless, the labor productivity growth is found to be heavily dependent on capital deepening (5.7) rather than TFP growth (0.8). Notably, the TFP growth turned negative over 2007–2012, which brings into question the sustainability of China's growth. Besides, industries that are less prone to state intervention show faster TFP growth than those controlled by the state. Incorporating the Domar aggregation scheme into our model, we further reveal that two-thirds of the TFP growth originates from within industries and the remainder is attributed to a net factor reallocation effect in which labor plays a positive role, whereas capital appears to behave irrationally. Finally, using a revised Maddison–Wu approach to address the potential flaws in official statistics, we arrive at an annual growth rate of 7.2 percent, or 1.7-ppts slower than the 8.9 percent obtained based on the CIP data reconstructed using the official national accounts.
The Effect of Color Correction of Endoscopy Images for Quantitative Analysis in Endometrium

The objective of this study was to develop a standardized protocol for the capturing and analysis of endoscopy digital images for subsequent use in a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system in gynaecological cancer. Images were captured at optimum illumination and focus at 720times576 pixels using 24 bits color in the following cases: (i) for a variety of testing targets from a color palette with known color distribution, (ii) different viewing angles and distances from calf endometrium, and (iii) images from the human endometrium. Images were then gamma corrected and their classification performance was compared against that of non-gamma corrected images. No significant difference in texture features was found between the close up and panoramic views, and between angles, either before or after gamma correction. There was significant difference in certain texture features between normal and abnormal endometrium, both before and after gamma correction. Our findings suggest that proper color correction can significantly impact CAD system performance, and we recommend its application prior to quantitative texture analysis in gynaecological endoscopy
Curcumin and resveratrol in combination modulate drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as antioxidant indices during lung carcinogenesis in mice

This study investigated combined chemopreventive potential of curcumin and resveratrol during benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. The mice were segregated into five groups that included normal control, BP-treated, BP + curcumin-treated, BP + resveratrol-treated, and BP + curcumin + resveratrol-treated groups. A statistically significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was observed in the lungs of mice after 22 weeks of single dose of benzo(a)pyrene. Further, BP treatment also resulted in a significant increase in the enzyme activities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase as well as drug-metabolizing enzymes, namely cytocrome P450 and cytochrome b5. On the other hand, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were found to be significantly decreased following BP treatment. Supplementation with curcumin and resveratrol to BP-treated mice significantly decreased the LPO levels, GSH levels, and enzyme activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Further, treatment of curcumin and resveratrol to BP-treated mice significantly elevated the activities of SOD, GR, and GST. Histoarchitectural studies showed well-differentiated signs of lung carcinogenesis following BP administration to mice. However, combined treatment with curcumin and resveratrol resulted in a noticeable improvement in the lung histoarchitecture. This study, therefore, concludes that curcumin and resveratrol when supplemented in combination regulate drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as antioxidant enzymes during lung carcinogenesis in mice.
Forwarding path architectures for multicore software routers

Multi-core CPUs, along with recent advances in memory and buses, render commodity hardware a strong candidate for building fexible and high-performance software routers. With a forwarding plane physically composed of many packet processing components and operations, resource allocation in multi-core systems is not trivial. Indeed, packets crossing cache hierarchies degrade forwarding performance, since the bottleneck is main memory access. Therefore, forwarding path allocation and input/output processing become challenging, especially when states and data structures have to be shared among multiple cores. In this context, we investigate a set of input/output processing architectures, as well as resource allocation strategies for forwarding paths. For each packet processing operation, we uncover the gains and possible implications by either running different components concurrently or replicating the same components across different cores.
Effective warnings in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false-memory paradigm: the role of identifiability.

These experiments document that warnings can substantially reduce false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm when the critical items are easily identifiable. Participants in a norming study identified the critical item after hearing a list of words. The lists with critical items that could be identified by the largest proportion of participants (high identifiable [HI] lists) and the smallest proportion of participants (low identifiable [LI] lists) were used in the experiment. Participants heard lists of words (e.g., bed, rest, doze) related to a critical item (e.g., sleep) and were warned about the nature of the lists before the study phase. The results indicated that warnings reduced false recognition of critical items for HI lists but not LI lists.
Use of mitogenomic information in teleostean molecular phylogenetics: a tree-based exploration under the maximum-parsimony optimality criterion.

We explored the phylogenetic utility and limits of the individual and concatenated mitochondrial genes for reconstructing the higher-level relationships of teleosts, using the complete (or nearly complete) mitochondrial DNA sequences of eight teleosts (including three newly determined sequences), whose relative phylogenetic positions were noncontroversial. Maximum-parsimony analyses of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes from the above eight teleosts, plus two outgroups (bichir and shark), indicated that all of the individual protein-coding genes, with the exception of ND5, failed to recover the expected phylogeny, although unambiguously aligned sequences from 22 concatenated transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (stem regions only) recovered the expected phylogeny successfully with moderate statistical support. The phylogenetic performance of the 13 protein-coding genes in recovering the expected phylogeny was roughly classified into five groups, viz. very good (ND5, ND4, COIII, COI), good (COII, cyt b), medium (ND3, ND2), poor (ND1, ATPase 6), and very poor (ND4L, ND6, ATPase 8). Although the universality of this observation was unclear, analysis of successive concatenation of the 13 protein-coding genes in the same ranking order revealed that the combined data sets comprising nucleotide sequences from the several top-ranked protein-coding genes (no 3rd codon positions) plus the 22 concatenated tRNA genes (stem regions only) best recovered the expected phylogeny, with all internal branches being supported by bootstrap values >90%. We conclude that judicious choice of mitochondrial genes and appropriate data weighting, in conjunction with purposeful taxonomic sampling, are prerequisites for resolving higher-level relationships in teleosts under the maximum-parsimony optimality criterion.
Post-wall slotted waveguide array antennas for a broadband communication system in 60GHz

This paper proposes the beam-switching antennas developed for a access point (AP) of a broadband communication system in 60GHz band. The AP is composed of several element antennas which have a high gain and project their beam in a specified direction. The type of element antennas are post-wall slotted waveguide arrays and they have the tilted beam radiation patterns. The effectiveness of the proposed antennas is verified through experiments.
COPD is characterized by increased detection of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and a deficiency of Bacillus species

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and inflammation. Airway bacterial colonization is increased in COPD; however, the role of potentially pathogenic and non‐pathogenic bacteria in the pathogenesis of disease is unclear. This study characterized the presence of bacteria in a well‐characterized cohort of adults with COPD and healthy controls.
Determinantes de la Inflación de Servicios en Chile

Inflation is measured through price indices for a basket of diverse products and services. However, its various components may follow different paths depending on the pricing mechanisms in each market. This has led to building price sub-indices with a higher degree of homogeneity within them for analytical purposes. This paper focuses its attention on the behavior of prices of services in Chile. The latter are of special interest because they not only account for about half of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), but because their dynamics over time have differed significantly from the prices of goods. Our empirical analysis is based on the estimation of a set of Hybrid Neokeynesian Phillips Curves (HNKPC), which allows comparing the value and statistical significance of the estimated elasticities of various CPI components to those obtained for headline. The results suggest that: (i) HNKPC maintains a high degree of validity as a proxy for inflation determination, with significant values for key elasticities in all of its disaggregations; (ii) the disaggregated HNKPC estimate does not reduce the statistical significance of the results; (iii) Chile's inflationary history explains the high elasticity of lagged inflation and inflation expectations; (iv) the aggregate dynamics of services inflation differs from that of goods in both their adjustment and their response to shocks on its main components, a response that has varied unevenly in the recent period; (v) important differences in the behavior of indexed and non-indexed services by the nature of the covariates and the size of the basic HNKPC coefficients are found; (vi) the disaggregation of services raises its conceptual consistency without jeopardizing the forecasting ability of services inflation as a whole and is superior to other disaggregations of services, and (vii) the construction of indices by collecting prices at producer or provider level makes it difficult to compare the changes in purchasing power resulting from the application of specific taxes or subsidies. All these results suggest the usefulness of splitting the CPI between large components or sub-indices to improve inflation forecasts, including their insertion in more complex models for macroeconomic analysis.
Asymmetrical Competition between Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Coexisting in Breeding Sites

Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are mosquito vectors for several tropical diseases that represent a current public health problem. The ecological requirements for each species are different, however, both species show high biological adaptability, which promotes their coexistence in the same breeding sites. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of larval association between Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus under different laboratory conditions of food supply and temperature, and under field simulated conditions like peridomestic containers. Our findings showed that under field simulated conditions there was no asymmetrical competition in mixed cultures with the different Cx. quinquefasciatus/Ae. aegypti ratios tested. However, under laboratory conditions in which different doses of food supply were evaluated, it was observed that competition between the two species takes place. Larval coexistence under food scarcity conditions (0.95 mg/larva) showed that Ae. aegypti had a greater adult emergence than Cx. quinquefasciatus and was capable of depriving Cx. quinquefasciatus of the food needed to complete metamorphosis. In an intermediate dose of food (1.9 mg/larva), the dry weight of Cx. quinquefasciatus adults decreased, and their larval development time increased when Cx. quinquefasciatus/Ae. aegypti ratio was low. Also, a temperature effect was assessed demonstrating that Cx. quinquefasciatus was more vulnerable to changes in temperature. We suggest that Ae. aegypti is more successful in exploiting microhabitats when food is scarce, due to its scrape active feeding habitats and fast larval development times. Therefore, in conditions of food paucity both species will compete, and Ae. aegypti larvae will prevail.
Pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Is Associated With Increased Contralateral Cortical Activity on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The mechanism behind constraint-induced movement therapy (constraint therapy) success is unknown. Study objectives were to evaluate cortical change after modified constraint therapy and explore a novel approach to quantify developmental disregard. Five participants underwent modified constraint therapy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical measures were done pretreatment and posttreatment. Developmental disregard indices were calculated. Four participants showed clinical improvement posttreatment. Functional MRI laterality indices were variable pretreatment and exclusively contralateral among participants posttreatment. The disregard index range was —12.9 to 62.6 among participants. Disregard indices were correlated with change scores after treatment on the Pediatric Motor Activity Log amount of use domain (r = .93, P = .02), Assisting Hand Assessment (r = .93, P = .02), and grip strength (r = .92, P = .03). Study results suggest that a shift to or persistence of contralateral cortical activity for affected hand movement is important for constraint therapy mechanism of action; and developmental disregard may be a predictor of positive response to treatment.
Neuropathologic Correlates of Apathy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Apathy is the most commonly observed behavioral disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and has been suggested to be frontally mediated. Neuritic plaque (NP) and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) counts were performed for 8 brain regions in 29 subjects with definite AD. Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) for autopsied subjects was obtained from questioning of caregivers of subjects included in the study. Chronic apathy and total NPI composite scores correlated with anterior cingulate NFT counts (r = 0.518, p = 0.01, and r = 0.438, p = 0.032). This analysis suggests that chronic apathy in AD correlates with a greater anterior cingulate NFT burden and that chronic behavioral changes are more reflective than acute changes of disease pathology.
A comparison of masticatory function in patients with or without reconstruction of the mandible

The functional benefits of mandibular reconstruction following a composite resection remain unclear. Although microvascular surgical techniques have dramatically increased the predictability of bone and soft‐tissue reconstruction towards presurgical anatomic norms, the specific factors responsible for improved function remain controversial. Objective measures of masticatory function need to be more clearly determined before the predictability and efficacy of reconstructive approaches is established.
Change in Biotypic Diversity of Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations in the United States

ABSTRACT A key component of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), management has been through planting resistant wheat cultivars. A new biotype, RWA2, appeared in 2003 which caused widespread damage to wheat cultivars containing the Dn4 gene. Biotypic diversity in Russian wheat aphid populations has not been addressed since 2005 when RWA2 dominated the biotype complex. Our objectives were to determine the biotypic diversity in the Central Great Plains and Colorado Plateau at regional (2010, 2011, 2013) and local (2012) levels and detect the presence of new Russian wheat aphid biotypes. Regional and within-field aphid collections were screened against Russian wheat aphidresistant wheat genotypes containing genes Dn3, Dn4, Dn6, Dn7, Dn9, CI2401; and resistant barley STARS 9301B. In 2010, all aphid collections from Texas were avirulent to the Dn4 resistance gene in wheat. Regional results revealed Dn4 avirulent RWA6 was widespread (55–84%) in populations infesting wheat in both regions. Biotypes RWA1, 2, and 3/7 were equally represented with percentages <20% each while RWA8 was rarely detected. Combining percentages of RWA1, 6, and 8 across regions to estimate avirulence to Dn4 gene revealed high percentages for both 2011 (64–80%) and 2013 (69–90%). In contrast, the biotype structure at the local level differed where biotype percentages varied up to ≥2-fold between fields. No new biotypes were detected; therefore, Dn7, CI2401, and STARS9301B remained resistant to all known Russian wheat aphid biotypes. This study documents a shift to Dn4 avirulent biotypes and serves as a valuable baseline for biotypic diversity in Russian wheat aphid populations prior to the deployment of new Russian wheat aphid-resistant wheat cultivars.
l-Arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin, but not sodium nitrite partially restored erectile dysfunction in aged rats

Abstract Aging is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED), in which nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and NO bioavailability are reduced due to deficiencies of NOS cofactor (tetrahydrobiopterin, BH4) and substrate (l-arginine). We determined whether the prolonged treatment with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) as a storage form of NO ameliorates ED in aged rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided: younger, aged and NaNO2-treated (20 mg/kg per day) aged groups. The erectile (intracavernosal pressure [ICP]/mean arterial pressure [MAP]) and corpus cavernous (CC) responses were evaluated after 12 weeks. The ICP/MAP in aged rats was lower than in young controls, which was not improved by the NaNO2 treatment. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for endothelial NOS and collagen deposition was performed. We assayed NO indirectly by measuring the level of its stable end products, nitrite/nitrate, using the Griess reagent. The relaxations to ACh and EFS in the aged group were considerably less than in the younger group, which were normalized by acute incubations of l-arginine or BH4 of aged CC. In conclusion, NaNO2 treatment did not restore erectile response while nitrate levels were enhanced in aged penis. The cofactor or substrate administrations, but not chronic exogenous modulation of NO system may be beneficial in aged men with ED.
Secure Biometric Recognition method in Home Network

Convenience is very important element in the home network service. But it is more important that protect home network service users from attackers than the former. And, home network has two features; the one is various communication protocols of home network service constituent devices, and the other is home network service user in the more different age groups than general Internet service users. We solve these problems with home server and biometric recognition. That is, home server connects the home appliances to communicate with each other. And biometric recognition gives safety and user convenience. In this paper, we describe a home network service model and propose a user authentication mechanism using biometric recognition