Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Pros and Cons of Occupational Gender Segregation in Europe

This paper reviews European policy toward occupational segregation and the gender earnings gap in the light of some basic stylized facts. Using three sources of comparable data for European countries it shows that (i) segregation associates positively with female employment; (ii) redistribution of female employment between occupations toward the male pattern has low and contradictory effect on the gender gap whereas within-occupation redistribution up the hierarchical ladder has some significant impact; and (iii) dispersion of earnings associates negatively with the gender gap. It is argued that these facts may imply trade-offs when desegregation, closing of the gender gap and higher female employment are simultaneously pursued.
Recent developments in electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries

The rapid consumption of non-renewable resources has resulted in an ever-increasing problem of CO2 emissions that has motivated people for investigating the harvesting of energy from renewable alternatives (e.g. solar and wind). Efficient electrochemical energy storage devices play a crucial role in storing harvested energies in our daily lives. For example, rechargeable batteries can store energy generated by solar cells during the daytime and release it during night-time. In particular, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have received considerable attention ever since their early commercialization in 1990s. However, with initiatives by several governments to build large-scale energy grids to store energy for cities, problems such as the high cost and limited availability of lithium starts to become major issues. Sodium, which also belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table, has comparable electrochemical properties to Lithium, and more importantly it is considerably more accessible than lithium. Nonetheless, research into sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) is currently still in its infancy compared to LIBs, although great leaps and bounds have been made recently in terms of research and development into this technology. Here in this review, we summarize the recent advancements made, also covering the prospective materials for both the battery cathode and anode. Additionally, opinions on possible solutions through correlating trends in recent papers will be suggested.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Adsorption of branched homopolymers on a solid surface Permalink

Simulation calculations are reported for polymer-wall potentials of mean force and segment-density profiles for homopolymers of different structure as a function of the segmentwall attractive potential. When there is no attraction between the wall and the polymer segments, the presence of the wall generates a polymer-segment depletion layer whose thickness depends on polymer structure and on surface roughness. Segment-density profiles are characterized by three regions. In the proximal region, the segment density is determined by surface roughness and by polymer flexibility. In the distal region, the segment density approaches unity asymptotically. In the central region, the segment density depends on the correlation length of the polymer in the bulk
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Yin Yang 1 Plays an Essential Role in Breast Cancer and Negatively Regulates p 27

From the Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Cancer Biology,* and the Departments of Pathology, Biostatistical Sciences, and Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; the College of Life Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Molecule Biology of Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China; and the Department of Medical Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
LuxR. Using a new set of V. harveyi mutants lacking genes of the AIs synthases

Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication process enabling a bacterial 26 population to coordinate and synchronize specific behaviors. The bioluminescent 27 marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi integrates three autoinducer (AI) signals into one 28 quorum sensing cascade comprising a phosphorelay involving three hybrid sensor 29 kinases, LuxU, LuxO, a Hfq/smallRNAs switch, and the transcriptional regulator 30 LuxR. Using a new set of V. harveyi mutants lacking genes of the AIs synthases 31 and/or sensors, we assayed the activity of the quorum sensing cascade at population 32 and at single cell levels, with a specific focus on signal integration and noise levels. 33 We found that the ratios of kinase to phosphatase activities of the three sensors and 34 hence the extent of phosphorylation of LuxU/LuxO is not only important for the 35 signaling output, but also for the degree of noise in the system. The pools of 36 phosphorylated LuxU/LuxO per cells directly determine the amounts of sRNAs 37 produced and consequently the copy number of LuxR, generating a heterogeneous 38 quorum sensing activation at the single cell level. We conclude that the ability to 39 drive heterogeneous expression of QS-regulated genes in V. harveyi is an inherent 40 feature of the architecture of the QS cascade. 41
Investigation of Unsupervised Learning in Spiking Neural Network using STDP Rules

6 Because of its energy efficiency and biological plausibility, spiking neural network is getting 7 more and more attention recently, especially in the fields of neuromorphic engineering. 8 Although several researchers have proved the feasibility of spiking neural networks in machine 9 learning fields, we present a more biologically plausible network. In this project, we 10 demonstrate the viability of Spiking-Time Dependent Plasticity of Spiking Neural Networks in 11 unsupervised machine learning fields by digit recognition. With 100 excitatory neurons, we 12 obtained an accuracy of 80%. 13 14
Special Section on Epigenetic Regulation of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters Expression Variability of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion – Related MicroRNAs in Human Liver: Influence of Nongenetic Factors and Association with Gene Expression s

Genes that are important for the detoxification of drugs and other xenobiotics show a high degree of interindividual variation attributable to regulation by diverse genetic, nongenetic, and epigenetic mechanisms including microRNAs (miRNAs). We selected a set of 56 miRNAs predicted to target the 3 9 -untranslated region of absorp-tion, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) genes to assess their hepatic expression levels and interindividual variability in a well-documented human liver tissue cohort ( n = 92), together with the well-known hepatic miRNAs miR-122, miR-21, miR-27b, and miR-148a. Quantification by stem-loop real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed high expression for these microRNAs and revealed particularly strong variability of expression ( > 1000-fold) for miR-539, miR-200c, miR-31, miR-15a, and miR-22. Association analysis revealed a high degree of correlation among various miRNAs, suggesting cor-egulation. Statistical analysis considering liver donor meta-data including correction for multiple testing revealed strongly elevated levels of miR-21, miR-34a, miR-130b, and miR-132 in cholestatic liver and of miR-21 and miR-130b during inflammation, as indicated by elevated C-reactive protein levels in serum. Although none of the miRNAs was strongly associated with sex, several miRNAs, including miR-34a and miR-200a/b, were positively correlated with age. Association analysis with ADME gene expression profiles and with cytochrome P450 gene expression phenotypes (mRNA, protein, enzymatic activity) revealed numerous significant correlations. Negatively affected protein and/or activity levels were observed for CYP1A1 (e.g., miR-132, miR-142-3p, miR-21), CYP2A6 (miR-142-3p, miR-21), CYP2C19 (e.g., miR-130b, miR-185, miR-34a), and CYP2E1 (miR-10a, let-7g, miR-200c). These data should be useful to further elucidate regulatory functions of miRNAs in liver pathophysiology and regulation of ADME gene expression.
Coal-Fired Power Generation Handbook

The most complete and up-to-date handbook on power generation from coal, this book covers all of today's new, cleaner methods for creating electricity from coal, the environmental challenges and concerns involved in its production, and developing technologies. It describes new technologies that could virtually eliminate the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury pollutants released when coal is burned for electricity generation. In addition, the text details technologies for greenhouse gases capture from coal-fired power plants, as well as for preventing such emissions from contributing to global warming.
ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF INTERVENTIONS An Overview

This paper presents methods for estimating the impact of training on earnings when non-random selection characterizes the enrollment of persons into training. We explore the benefits of cross-section, repeated cross-section and longitudinal data for addressing this problem by considering the assumptions required to use a variety of new and conventional estimators given access to various commonly encountered types of data. We investigate the plausibility of assumptions needed to justify econometric procedures when viewed in the light of prototypical decision rules determining enrollment into training. We examine the robustness of the estimators to choice-based sampling and contamination bias.
Update on Root Nutrient Foraging Root Nutrient Foraging

During a plant’s lifecycle, the availability of nutrients in the soil is mostly heterogeneous in space and time. Plants are able to adapt to nutrient shortage or localized nutrient availability by altering their root system architecture to efficiently explore soil zones containing the limited nutrient. It has been shown that the deficiency of different nutrients induces root architectural and morphological changes that are, at least to some extent, nutrient specific. Here, we highlight what is known about the importance of individual root system components for nutrient acquisition and how developmental and physiological responses can be coupled to increase nutrient foraging by roots. In addition, we review prominent molecular mechanisms involved in altering the root system in response to local nutrient availability or to the plant’s nutritional status.
Molecular Cell Mechanical Reinforcement of Integrin – Ligand Bond

Fang Kong,1,2,3 Zhenhai Li,2,3 William M. Parks,1,3 David W. Dumbauld,1,3 Andrés J. Garcı́a,1,3 A. Paul Mould,4 Martin J. Humphries,4 and Cheng Zhu1,2,3,* 1Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering 2Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering 3Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 4Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK *Correspondence: cheng.zhu@bme.gatech. edu http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.molcel. 2013.01. 015
The Effects of Top Management Team Integrative Complexity and Decentralized Decision Making on Corporate Social Performance

We examine the influence of top management teams’ (TMTs’) integrative complexity and decentralization of decision making on corporate social performance. We argue that both factors increase TMT ability to gather information on, and attend to, stakeholder needs, thereby yielding higher corporate social performance. We further predict that decentralization moderates the relationship between integrative complexity and corporate social performance in such a way that the relationship is stronger under conditions of centralization. Using a Q-sort methodology, which translates complex qualitative observations into quantitative metrics, we examined integrative complexity and decentralization in 61 Fortune 500 firms and found support for our predictions. In the wake of numerous corporate scandals, corporate social performance has garnered much attention from business practitioners and academics alike. Corporate social performance refers to “a business organization’s configuration of principles of social responsibility, processes of social responsiveness, and policies, programs, and observable outcomes as they relate to the firm’s societal relationships” (Wood, 1991: 693). The dominant perspective taken in evaluating a firm’s corporate social performance is the stakeholder approach, according to which firms act in a socially responsible manner when they take the interests of multiple stakeholders (e.g., customers, employees) into account (McGuire, Dow, & Argheyd, 2003; Ruf, Muralidhar, Brown, Janney, & Paul, 2001).
COMPETENCY TO IMPLEMENT THE POLICY TO IMPROVE THE ATHLETE ACHIEVEMENTS IN THEDEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING CENTER FOR LOCAL STUDENTS , CENTRAL SULAWESI PROVINCIAL OFFICE OF YOUTH AND SPORTS AFFAIRS

The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze the Trainers competence to implement the athlete achievement improvement policy of Development and Training Center for Local Students (Pusat Pembinaan Dan Latihan Pelajar Daerah, abbreviated as PPLPPD) of Central Sulawesi Provincial Office of Youth and Sports Affairs. The main theories utilized in this research are Spencer & Spencer's (1993) theory which includes; (1) motives, (2) traits, (3) self-concept, (4) knowledge, (5) skill. The research method is based on qualitative approach. The location of this research took place at the Central Sulawesi Provincial Office for Youth and Sports Affairs, with 5 informants selected purposively. Data collected by conducting interviews, observation, and documentation. Data are analyzed based on Miles and Huberman (1992) Interactive model. The result shows that the competence of Trainers at Central Sulawesi Provincial Office of Youth and Sports Affairs is, seen from the aspect of motive; traits; self-concept; knowledge and skills, still need to be improved, by doing recruitment of trainer as needed. It is proved that (1) the human resource motive of the trainers to the work, both from within himself and from the leadership, is in the good category; (2) the traits aspect is the attitude and behavior in responding to the duties and responsibilities, developed self-control, good fortitude, but the budget support is inadequate for performance improvement; (3) self concept aspect of trainer holds good value of honesty, simplicity, and openness; (4) The competence of trainer seen from the knowledge aspect regarding sports is sufficient; (5) skills are inadequate because the recruited trainer is not yet categorized as professional in certain sports fields.
GL 3 . 3 , a novel QTL encoding

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Review : Neurotransmitter Receptors II AMPA and Kainate Receptors

Glutamate receptors convey most of the fast excitatory transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). In addition, they appear to be crucially involved in plastic synaptic events, such as memory formation, as well as in chronic and acute neurological disorders. It was first observed in the early 1950s that L-glutamate, topically applied to motor cortex, causes tonic convulsion and it was concluded that amino acids can act as neurotransmitters (Hayashi, 1954). The first characterized glutamate receptors were cation-selective ligand-gated ion chanmels, also called ionotropic glutamate receptors. Based on electrophysiological studies, three distinct ionotropic glutamate receptor classes were proposed in the late 1970s and were initially named after the agonists kainate, quisqualate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). It was later found that quisqualate also activates G-protein coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors and it became necessary to rename the ‘quisqualate receptors’ to ‘AMPA receptors‘, after the more selective agonist a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate. Evidence for separate kainate and AMPA receptors came from the differential sensitivity of spinal cord C-fiber afferents to kainate and quisqualate (Davies et al., 1979). Furthermore, it was noticed that kainate produces a sustained excitatory response in CNS neurons whereas this agonist produces a rapidly desensitizing response in sensory ganglion neurons. However, since no glutamate receptor antagonist or agonist clearly distinguished kainate from AMPA receptors, they were often collectively referred to as non-NMDA receptors.
Ergonomics Society of the Human Factors and Human Factors : The Journal

sounds, mirroring the accuracy measure (Figure 2, bottom). Slight improvements in performance overall, possibly attributable to practice, were evident in Session 2. A three-way ANOVAexamining mean response times with the between-subjects factor of sound group (speech, auditory icons, environmental sounds, abstract sounds) and within-subjects factors of sound type (nine) and session (two) showed a highly significant effect of group, F(3, 36) = 11.52, p < . 001, of sound type, F(8, 288) = 3.43, p = . 006, and of session, F(1, 36) = 14.94, p < . 001; there were no significant two-way interactions, but the three-way interaction among the factors was just significant, F(24, 288) = 1.90, p = . 03. Bonferroni-corrected post hoc comparisons showed that the speech and auditory icon groups did not differ significantly (ps > .1) and that the environmental and abstract sound groups did not differ from each other; however, each of the former two groups differed significantly from each of the latter (ps < .05). Within groups individual sounds did not differ (ps > .05). Finally, comparisons across the two sessions showed significantly faster responses in Session 2 for four sounds in the environmental sounds group (with referents “tire pressure,” “headway,” “drifting,” and “blind spot”), two in the auditory icons group (“petrol” and “hand brake”), and one in the abstract sounds group (“speed limit”), with ps < . 05.
Analysis and Implementation of a DC-DC Converter with an Active Snubber

This paper presents a soft switching converter to achieve the functions of zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on for the power switches and dc voltage step-up. Two circuit modules are connected in parallel in order to achieve load current sharing and to reduce the size of the transformer core. An active snubber is connected between two transformers in order to absorb the energy stored in the leakage and magnetizing inductances and to limit the voltage stresses across the switches. During the commutation stage of the two complementary switches, the output capacitance of the two switches and the leakage inductance of the transformers are resonant. Thus, the power switches can be turned on under ZVS. No output filter inductor is used in the proposed converter and the voltage stresses of the output diodes is clamped to the output voltage. The circuit configuration, the operation principles and the design considerations are presented. Finally, laboratory experiments with a 340W prototype, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed converter, are described.
Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports Great Expectations and the End of the Depression

This paper argues that the U.S. economy’s recovery from the Great Depression was driven by a shift in expectations brought about by the policy actions of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. On the monetary policy side, Roosevelt abolished the gold standard and—even more important—announced the policy objective of inflating the price level to pre-depression levels. On the fiscal policy side, Roosevelt expanded real and deficit spending. Together, these actions made his policy objective credible; they violated prevailing policy dogmas and introduced a policy regime change such as that described in work by Sargent and by Temin and Wigmore. The economic consequences of Roosevelt’s policies are evaluated in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with sticky prices and rational expectations.
Isotopic identification of nitrogen hotspots across natural terrestrial ecosystems

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) influences local biological processes, ecosystem productivity, the composition of the atmospheric-climate system, and the human endeavour as a whole. Here we use natural variations in N isotopes, coupled with two models, to trace global pathways of N loss from the land to the water and atmosphere. We show that denitrification accounts for approximately 35 % of total N losses from the natural soil, with NO, N2O, and N2 fluxes equal to 15.7 ± 4.7 Tg N yr−1, 10.2 ± 3.0 Tg N yr−1, and 21.0 ± 6.1 Tg N yr−1, respectively. Our analysis points to tropical regions as the major "hotspot" of nitrogen export from the terrestrial biosphere, accounting for 71 % of global N losses from the natural land surface. The poorly studied Congo Basin is further identified as one of the major natural sources of atmospheric N2O. Extra-tropical areas, by contrast, lose a greater fraction of N via leaching pathways (~77 % of total N losses) than do tropical biomes, likely contributing to N limitations of CO2 uptake at higher latitudes. Our results provide an independent constraint on global models of the N cycle among different regions of the unfertilized biosphere.
PDK 1 regulates focal adhesion disassembly through modulation of 1 v 3 integrin endocytosis

v3 integrin endocytosis 2 3 Laura di Blasio 1,2,* , Paolo Armando Gagliardi 1,2 , Alberto Puliafito 1,2 , Roberto Sessa 4 1,2,3 , Giorgio Seano 1,2,4 , Federico Bussolino 1,2,5 and Luca Primo 1,2,5,* 5 6 1 Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy 7 2 Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy 8 9 3 Current address: UC Berkeley, 689 Minor Hall, Berkeley, USA 10 4 Current address: Edwin Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of 11 Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 12 Boston, USA 13 14 5 These authors contributed equally to this work. 15 16 * Correspondence should be addressed to: Laura di Blasio (laura.diblasio@ircc.it) and 17 Luca Primo (luca.primo@ircc.it); Str. Provinciale 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo 18 (Torino), Italy; Tel +390119933505, Fax +390119933524 19 20 Running title: PDK1 regulates integrin endocytosis 21 © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
Partially Supervised Approach in Signal Recognition

The paper focuses on the potential of principal directions based approaches in signal classification and recognition. In probabilistic models, the classes are represented in terms of multivariate density functions, and an object coming from a certain class is modeled as a random vector whose repartition has the density function corresponding to this class. In cases when there is no statistical information concerning the set of density functions corresponding to the classes involved in the recognition process, usually estimates based on the information extracted from available data are used instead. In the proposed methodology, the characteristics of a class are given by a set of eigen vectors of the sample covariance matrix. The overall dissimilarity of an object X with a given class C is computed as the disturbance of the structure of C, when X is allotted to C. A series of tests concerning the behavior of the proposed recognition algorithm are reported in the final section of the paper.