Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A first test of focusing theory

Focusing theory hypothesizes a bias toward concentration according to which consumers prefer goods with one outstanding feature over those with several smaller sized upsides. In contrast to models of present-biased behavior, focusing theory prescribes also future-biased behavior if an option’s future reward is particularly outstanding. Our laboratory experiment yields substantial support for the bias toward concentration and finds both present-biased and future-biased choices as predicted by focusing theory.
Zinc Mediated Friedel-Crafts Acylation in Solvent-Free Conditions under Microwave Irradiation

Zn powder is found to catalyze the Friedel-Crafts acyla- tion of aromatic compounds with acyl halides efficiently under mi- crowave irradiation in solvent-free conditions. Activated substrates undergo acylation predominantly at the para-position. The Zn pow- der can be re-used up to six times after simple washing with diethyl ether and dilute HCl.
Association of the ALDH1A1*2 promoter polymorphism with alcohol phenotypes in young adults with or without ALDH2*2.

BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest a possible association of a promoter polymorphism in the ALDH1A1 gene ( ALDH1A1*2 ) with alcohol use or dependence. The aim of this study was to examine the association of ALDH1A1*2 with drinking behaviors in Asian young adults and to examine ALDH2 genotype as a potential moderator of these associations. METHODS Asian young adults (n = 951) were recruited from 2 college sites for studies of genetic associations with alcohol use behavior. Participants completed comprehensive background questionnaires on demographics and drinking behavior. Fingertip blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction and analysis. RESULTS Participants with the ALDH2*1/*2 genotype reported significantly lower levels (frequency and quantity) of drinking within the last 90 days, fewer numbers of heavy drinking episodes within the last 90 days, and lower lifetime maximum consumption levels compared with ALDH2*1/*1 participants. There were no significant main effects of ALDH1A1*2 on any drinking variables, nor was there a significant interaction between ALDH2 and ALDH1A1 genotypes on drinking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The association of ALDH2*2 with reduced alcohol consumption replicates previous findings across numerous studies. Although ALDH1A1*2 was not associated with drinking levels, the lack of an ALDH1A1*2 effect in ALDH2*2 individuals is consistent with the only other study that has examined these associations in East Asian populations.
Demographic and clinical comparison of obsessional followers and offenders with mental disorders.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare certain demographic and clinical variables in a group of obsessional followers and in a group of offenders with mental disorders. METHOD A static group design comprised of a nonrandom group of convenience and a randomly selected comparison group was used. Twenty obsessional followers in custody and 30 offenders with mental disorders in custody were evaluated by psychiatrists and psychologists for court-ordered reasons during their criminal proceedings. Both groups were evaluated during the same period, in the same court diagnostic clinic, and for the same psycholegal reasons. The group of obsessional followers was measured on demographic, clinical, and victim variables. Inferential comparisons that used nonparametric statistics were done between groups on selected demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS The obsessional followers were significantly older, more intelligent, and better educated than the offenders. There were no significant differences in DSM-III-R axis I diagnoses. Axis II diagnoses showed significant differences, with the obsessional followers more likely to have a personality disorder other than antisocial personality disorder and less likely to have antisocial personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of obsessional followers having a nonantisocial axis II personality disorder (related to attachment pathology) distinguishes them from offenders with mental disorders in general. They are also likely to be older, smarter, and better educated, consistent with their resourcefulness and manipulativeness. Idiographic aspects of the obsessional followers further illuminate their psychological defenses and object relations.
Geodetic Constraints on the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa Earthquake

On 24 August 2014, the M 6.0 South Napa earthquake shook much of the San Francisco Bay area, leading to significant damage in the Napa Valley. The earthquake occurred in the vicinity of the West Napa fault (122.313° W, 38.22° N, 11.3 km), a mapped structure located between the Rodger’s Creek and Green Valley faults, with nearly pure right‐lateral strike‐slip motion (strike 157°, dip 77°, rake –169°; http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72282711#summary, last accessed December 2014) (Fig. 1). The West Napa fault previously experienced an M 5 strike‐slip event in 2000 but otherwise exhibited no previous definitive evidence of historic earthquake rupture (Rodgers et al., 2008; Wesling and Hanson, 2008). Evans et al. (2012) found slip rates of ∼9.5 mm/yr along the West Napa fault, with most slip rate models for the Bay area placing higher slip rates and greater earthquake potential on the Rodger’s Creek and Green Valley faults, respectively (e.g., Savage et al., 1999; d’Alessio et al., 2005; Funning et al., 2007).
Fair Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Lower Power Consumption on Packet Switch

The bandwidth allocation algorithm specifies the amount of bandwidth that each flow can use, and is calculated based on the total requested and available bandwidth. It should be feasible in order to be applied in practice, and should be efficient to fully utilize transmission capacity. Moreover lower power consumption on switch becomes very critical. In this paper, we propose a fair bandwidth allocation algorithm to decrease power consumption on packet switch. Specifically, we include power aware computing factor as high power dissipation in switches which is fast turning into a key problem, owing to increasing line speeds and decreasing chip sizes. This efficient algorithm could lower processing power utilization on packet switch.
Anti-Mullerian hormone and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disease affecting women of reproductive age. It may be associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. The anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels seem to be higher in patients with PCOS. Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the association between AMH and insulin in women with PCOS with and without IR. Methods: Cross-sectional study, including 86 patients, selected and divided into three groups: Group A: 26 women with PCOS and IR; Group B: 30 women with PCOS and without IR; and Group C: 30 controls without PCOS. Results: We found significant difference between serum AMH levels in the group of women with PCOS and without IR when compared to the control group, thus showing that PCOS and IR play an important role in elevating the levels of this hormone. When the groups were compared with each other following adjustment for BMI, serum AMH levels were significantly higher in the group of women with PCOS and IR. Conclusion: AMH levels are significantly higher in patients with PCOS, particularly in those women with PCOS and IR. Nevertheless, larger samples are required to confirm these findings. Chinese abstract 多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄女性常见的疾病，可能与代谢紊乱有关,如胰岛素抵抗(IR)和肥胖。 抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平在PCOS患者中似乎更高。 本研究目的是评价在胰岛素抵抗PCOS和无胰岛素抵抗PCOS女性中抗苗勒管激素和胰岛素之间的关系。 86名患者被纳入进行横断面研究，分为三组：A组：胰岛素抵抗的PCOS女性26名；B组：无胰岛素抵抗的PCOS女性30名；C组:无PCOS的对照组30名。 我们发现无胰岛素抵抗的PCOS女性与对照组比较，血清AMH水平有显著差异，表明PCOS和胰岛素抵抗对此激素的水平升高有重要作用。 在调整BMI后各组相互比较，胰岛素抵抗PCOS组血清AMH水平明显高。 综上，在PCOS患者尤其是胰岛素抵抗PCOS中AMH水平显著高，但需要更大的样本来证实。
1 Inflation and Individual Equities

We study the inflation hedging ability of individua l stocks. While the poor inflation hedging ability of the aggregate stock market has long been documen ted, there is considerable heterogeneity in how individual stock returns covary with inflation. St ocks with good inflation-hedging abilities since 1990 have had higher returns, on average, than stoc ks with low inflation betas and tend to be drawn from the Oil and Gas and Technology sectors. Howev er, we show that the time variation of stock inflation betas is substantial. This makes it diff icult to construct portfolios of stocks that are go od inflation hedges out of sample. This is true for p tfolios constructed on past inflation betas, sect or portfolios, and portfolios constructed from high-pa ying dividend stocks.
Multi-scale and Multi-orientation Face Recognition using Voting based Extreme Learning Machine

our daily life human can remember many faces and can recognize them irrespective of illumination, aging, obstructions, variation in views. Most of researchers have worked on the problem of face recognition to develop an automatic face recognition system with capabilities to recognize faces as human beings can do. However, in unconstrained situations where a face may be captured in outdoor environmental conditions, while under changing illumination and pose variations Face Recog-nition Techniques fails to work. Here, a new face recognition method is implemented based on Gabor filter and Voting based extreme learning machine, it presents an effective algorithm to pose invariant face recognition called as Multi- scale and Multi-orientation face classification using voting based extreme learning machine. In proposed approach, facial features are extracted by applying set of Gabor filters and Local directional Pattern (LDP), then histogram pattern of result is obtained which is subjected to generate distinctive feature vectors and further classified using V-ELM classifier.The application area of Wireless sensor network(WSN) in real time environment are unreliable and inaccessible , leads to degradation of network performance. The major issues of WSN are QoS ,power and it is impossible to access the WSN to change its power capacity. Long -hops transmission i.e. high range communication which provides the QoS with more energy consumption leads to reduction in network lifetime. The paper concentrates on adjustment of power , range and bit rates to attain adaptive topology control(ATC) at physical layer to maintain equivalent QoS. The simulation are carries out by using MIXIM 2.3 framework Omnet++ 4.6. The comparison of QoS for non- ATC and ATC is presented and an improvement of 29 percentage was resulted.
The Role of the Perioperative Period in Recurrence After Cancer Surgery

A wealth of basic science data supports the hypothesis that the surgical stress response increases the likelihood of cancer dissemination and metastasis during and after cancer surgery. Anesthetic management of the cancer patient, therefore, could potentially influence long-term outcome. Preclinical data suggest that beneficial approaches might include selection of induction drugs such as propofol, minimizing the use of volatile anesthetics, and coadministration of cyclooxygenase antagonists with systemic opioids. Retrospective clinical trials suggest that the addition of regional anesthesia might decrease recurrence after cancer surgery. Other factors such as blood transfusion, temperature regulation, and statin administration may also affect long-term outcome.
Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery.

BACKGROUND Preliminary reports of studies involving simple coronary lesions indicate that a sirolimus-eluting stent significantly reduces the risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary revascularization. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial comparing a sirolimus-eluting stent with a standard stent in 1058 patients at 53 centers in the United States who had a newly diagnosed lesion in a native coronary artery. The coronary disease in these patients was complex because of the frequent presence of diabetes (in 26 percent of patients), the high percentage of patients with longer lesions (mean, 14.4 mm), and small vessels (mean, 2.80 mm). The primary end point was failure of the target vessel (a composite of death from cardiac causes, myocardial infarction, and repeated percutaneous or surgical revascularization of the target vessel) within 270 days. RESULTS The rate of failure of the target vessel was reduced from 21.0 percent with a standard stent to 8.6 percent with a sirolimus-eluting stent (P<0.001)--a reduction that was driven largely by a decrease in the frequency of the need for revascularization of the target lesion (16.6 percent in the standard-stent group vs. 4.1 percent in the sirolimus-stent group, P<0.001). The frequency of neointimal hyperplasia within the stent was also decreased in the group that received sirolimus-eluting stents, as assessed by both angiography and intravascular ultrasonography. Subgroup analyses revealed a reduction in the rates of angiographic restenosis and target-lesion revascularization in all subgroups examined. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized clinical trial involving patients with complex coronary lesions, the use of a sirolimus-eluting stent had a consistent treatment effect, reducing the rates of restenosis and associated clinical events in all subgroups analyzed.
Condom Use Errors and Problems: A Comparative Study of HIV-Positive Versus HIV-Negative Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men

Objectives To describe self-reported frequencies of selected condom use errors and problems among young (age, 15–29 years) black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) and to compare the observed prevalence of these errors/problems by HIV serostatus. Methods Between September 2012 October 2014, electronic interview data were collected from 369 YBMSM attending a federally supported sexually transmitted infection clinic located in the southern United States. Seventeen condom use errors and problems were assessed. &khgr; 2 Tests were used to detect significant differences in the prevalence of these 17 errors and problems between HIV-negative and HIV-positive men. Results The recall period was the past 90 days. The overall mean (SD) number of errors/problems was 2.98 (2.29). The mean (SD) for HIV-negative men was 2.91 (2.15), and the mean (SD) for HIV-positive men was 3.18 (2.57). These means were not significantly different (t = 1.02, df = 367, P = 0.31). Only 2 significant differences were observed between HIV-negative and HIV-positive men. Breakage (P = 0.002) and slippage (P = 0.005) were about twice as likely among HIV-positive men. Breakage occurred for nearly 30% of the HIV-positive men compared with approximately 15% among HIV-negative men. Slippage occurred for approximately 16% of the HIV-positive men compared with approximately 9% among HIV-negative men. Conclusions A need exists to help YBMSM acquire the skills needed to avert breakage and slippage issues that could lead to HIV transmission. Beyond these 2 exceptions, condom use errors and problems were ubiquitous in this population regardless of HIV serostatus. Clinic-based intervention is warranted for these young men, including education about correct condom use and provision of free condoms and long-lasting lubricants.
Overexpression of Multiple Drug Resistance Genes in Endothelial Cells from Patients with Refractory Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: It has been suggested that altered drug permeability across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) may be involved in pharmacoresistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). To test this hypothesis further, we measured multiple drug resistance (MDR) gene expression in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from temporal lobe blood vessels of patients with refractory epilepsy. ECs from umbilical cord or temporal lobe vessels obtained from aneurysm surgeries were used as comparison tissue.
“Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides” Is Not Always Mycosis Fungoides!

We conducted a critical review of hypopigmented mycosis fungoides in historical perspective with emphasis on criteria clinical and histopathologic for diagnosis of that lymphoma as they are set forth in every article ever written about it. Toward that end, we undertook analysis of each article in the medical literature that mentioned hypopigmentation in mycosis fungoides (34 in toto). Each was scrutinized regarding content, photographs of lesions clinical pictured, and photomicrographs. On the basis of all the information in the 34 publications available to us, we made a determination about which patients had mycosis fungoides without doubt, which surely did not, and which about whom no judgment could be made by us because too little data requisite for such a decision was provided, especially in terms of photographs of lesions clinical and of photomicrographs. To date, 106 patients with “hypopigmented mycosis fungoides” have been reported on. Features clinical and findings histopathologic in 23 of those 106 patients were sufficient to permit us to determine, with a high degree of confidence, whether or not a particular patient truly had mycosis fungoides. In our judgment, 19 patients did have mycosis fungoides, whereas at least four patients did not. In regard to the other 83 patients, the information provided by the authors simply was not sufficient to allow us to come to a decision that we could justify.
An efficient visualized clustering approach (VCA) for various datasets

The aim of clustering is to discover the clusters based on the similarity features of objects. The present algorithm of visual access tendency (VAT) can access an exact number of clusters by its VAT image. The VAT image displays the squared shaped dark blocks along the diagonal; number of cluster information is accessed by counting the number of obtaining square blocks. Other extended versions are SpecVAT, iVAT. These procedures can access only the number of clusters for various datasets, but not producing the complete clustering results. Therefore, we extend the VAT as a complete clustering method called as visualized clustering approach (VCA) by Khun-munkres function. Our VCA can effectively access the number of clusters as well as it discovers the clustering results. Finally, we report the quality of clustering results for the proposed VCA under different versions of VAT. The quality is measured by performance measures such as clustering accuracy, normalized mutual information, and OTSU goodness; the comparative analysis and the validity of the clustering results are also reported in the experimental study.
Bootstrapping Semantics in an Autonomic Computing System

Autonomic Computing Systems (ACS) are envisioned to function with the robustness of self-regulating biological systems. They are self organizing, self configuring, self optimizing, self healing, self protecting, aware of both themselves and their environment, and capable of adapting to circumstances unknown to their designers while they continue to deliver their specified behavior. These capabilities fundamentally require an ACS to develop and maintain some level of understanding of both itself and its environment over time. In this paper, we focus on the bootstrapping of semantics in such systems by comparing this process to the bootstrapping of the conscious mind in the human infant. We highlight the need for the pervasive integration of emotional control and present an overview of the Joshua Blue architecture for semiosis in autonomic computing systems.
Gender and the Association of Smoking with Sleep Quantity and Quality in American Adults

Smoking and gender are known risk factors for sleep disorders. Studies of samples from Norway and Japan have suggested stronger associations between smoking and disrupted sleep in women; therefore, we examined, gender differences in the association in the U.S. population. We analyzed data from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We examined the associations between smoking and self-reported measures of sleep disorders (i.e., snoring, short sleep, long sleep, poor sleep, and health care provider diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing) using multivariate logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as measures of association. We also assessed whether the associations varied by gender using a gender x smoking interaction term. Compared to never smokers, current smokers had significantly higher odds of self-reported snoring (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.56–2.56), short sleep (OR 1.68; 95% CI = 1.35–2.10) and poor sleep (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.09–1.74). A dose-response relationship was observed between the amount smoked and sleep symptoms. In multivariate analyses, no significant gender x smoking interaction was observed for snoring, short sleep or poor sleep. Current smoking was independently associated with increased odds of snoring, short sleep, and poor sleep in women and men among U.S. adults.
Options for self-management education for adults with asthma.

BACKGROUND Asthma education and self-management are key recommendations of asthma management guidelines because they improve health outcomes. There are several different modalities for the delivery of asthma self-management education. OBJECTIVES We evaluated programmes that: 1) Optimised asthma control through inhaled corticosteroid use by regular medical review or optimised asthma control by individualised written action plans 2) Used written self-management plans based on peak expiratory flow self-monitoring compared with symptom self-monitoring 3) Compared different options for the delivery of optimal self-management programmes. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials of asthma self-management education interventions in adults over 16 years of age with asthma. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Fifteen trials met the inclusion criteria. Trial quality was assessed and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Study authors were contacted for confirmation. MAIN RESULTS 1) Six studies compared optimal self-management allowing self-adjustment of medications according to an individualised written action plan to adjustment of medications by a doctor. These two styles of asthma management gave equivalent effects for hospitalisation, ER visits, unscheduled doctor visits and nocturnal asthma. 2) Self-management using a written action plan based on PEF was found to be equivalent to self-management using a symptoms based written action plan in the six studies which compared these interventions. 3) Three studies compared self-management options. In one, that provided optimal therapy but tested the omission of regular review, the latter was associated with more health centre visits and sickness days. In another, comparing high and low intensity education, the latter was associated with more unscheduled doctor visits. In a third, no difference in health care utilisation or lung function was reported between verbal instruction and written action plans. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Optimal self-management allowing for optimisation of asthma control by adjustment of medications may be conducted by either self-adjustment with the aid of a written action plan or by regular medical review. Individualised written action plans based on peak expiratory flow are equivalent to action plans based on symptoms. Reducing the intensity of self-management education or level of clinical review may reduce its effectiveness.