Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BANK RISK CAPITAL IN THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES

Bank risk capital (capital at risk) is identified with the value of banks’ own funds maintaining to absorb potential losses and protect against insolvency. It is calculated for the capital adequacy ratios, recommended by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. On other words, it is a kind of banks’ capital that financing securing the negative effects of risk occurring. A comparative analysis of effectiveness of bank risk capital in the Visegrad Group countries, constituting the main objective of the study, results from the needs indicated in the already conducted preliminary research. In the article, statistical and econometric methods were used, based on linear regression models. The conducted research were aimed to verify the research hypothesis stating that in the analyzed banking sectors of the Visegrad Group countries there is a positive correlation between banks' profitability and a level of their bank risk capital. The study indicated that net profit of the analyzed banking sectors increases with a growth of total own funds, while profitability is diversified in individual countries. Declining operational efficiency results from the growing cost of obtaining and maintaining risk capital.
Higher rate of severe toxicities in obese patients receiving dose-dense (dd) chemotherapy according to unadjusted body surface area: results of the prospectively randomized GAIN study.

BACKGROUND In routine clinical practice, chemotherapy doses are frequently capped at a body surface area (BSA) of 2.0 m2 or adjusted to an ideal weight for obese patients due to safety reasons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between August 2004 and July 2008, a total of 3023 patients were enrolled in the GAIN study, a randomized phase III adjuvant trial, comparing two types of dose-dense (dd) regimen [epirubicin, docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (iddETC) versus epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (EC) followed by docetaxel (T) plus capecitabine (X)]. We retrospectively evaluated a total of 555 patients with a BMI of ≥30 for safety and outcome. RESULTS Eighteen percent of all patients were obese: 31% of those received chemotherapy according to an unadjusted BSA. For the remaining patients, BSA was adjusted to ideal weight or was capped at 2.0 m2. A total of 15% of obese patients receiving full (unadjusted) dose of chemotherapy versus 6% of obese patients with an adjusted BSA experienced febrile neutropenia (P = 0.003) and 9% versus 3% high-grade thrombopenia (P = 0.002). Overall, 17% versus 10% had a thromboembolic event (P = 0.017), which was high grade in 13% versus 6%, respectively (P = 0.019), and 3% versus 0.3% high-grade hot flushes (P = 0.013). Dizziness (5% versus 11%; P = 0.016), diarrhea (19% versus 27%; P = 0.033) and an increase in serum creatinine (7% versus 14%; P = 0.019) were higher in the adjusted group. However, no differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed between non-obese patients, obese patients receiving full-dose chemotherapy or according to an adjusted BSA [5-year DFS 81% (confidence interval 79% to 83%) versus 82% (75% to 87%) versus 81% (76% to 84%); P = 0.761; 5-year OS 90% (88% to 91%) versus 86% (80% to 91%) versus 88% (84% to 91%); P = 0.143]. CONCLUSION Obese patients receiving dd chemotherapy according to their real BSA have a higher risk of developing severe toxicities without influencing survival. Therefore, a dose adjustment of intense dd chemotherapy should be carried out to avoid life-threatening complications.
The Expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Is Induced during Trophoblast Differentiation: Effects of Hypoxia

The intracellular enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) catalyzes the unidirectional conversion of bioactive glucocorticoids to their inert metabolites. In the human placenta, 11β-HSD2 is highly expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts, although cytotrophoblasts also express this enzyme at lower levels. Given that cytotrophoblasts will differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts in vivo and in vitro, the present study was designed to examine the hypothesis that the expression of 11β-HSD2 is induced during in vitro trophoblast differentiation. When Percoll-purified human cytotrophoblast cells were cultured under standard (20% oxygen) conditions, they aggregated and fused to form syncytiotrophoblasts. Within the first 24 h during differentiation, levels of 11β-HSD2 protein and activity were increased by 2- to 3-fold, but they did not increase further thereafter. However, when the cells were exposed to hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions, both the induction of 11β-HSD2 and trophoblast differentiation wer.
The inequality-growth link revisited with spatial considerations: the case of provinces in the Philippines

Abstract This study revisits the relationship between income inequality and economic growth using provincial-level data from the Philippines over a ten-year period (1991–2000). This study demonstrates that the magnitude and significance of the inequality-growth relationship is not stable across space and the magnitude can be overestimated when spatial considerations are excluded from analysis. Generally, existing literature on the relationship between income inequality and economic growth has largely overlooked spatial elements. To avoid this exclusion, geographically weighted regression (GWR) estimates were used in this study. Results using GWR showed the magnitude of the inequality-growth relationship varied over a range of 0.70–0.85. The results of this study reinforce the idea that previous studies that have excluded spatial variation have likely overestimated the inequality-growth relationship, particularly in differences between urban and rural provinces.
An efficient learning algorithm for finding multiple solutions based on fixed-point homotopy method

This paper describes an efficient learning algorithm based on fixed-point homotopy method. The proposed algorithm has the ability to train the neural networks with high success rates for the initial guesses compared with other typical second-order training algorithms. Furthermore, the method proposed here not only has the widely convergent property but also find out multiple solutions. The validity of the proposed algorithm for the standard multilayer neural networks is demonstrated through the computer simulations. As a result, it is confirmed that our algorithm is efficient and practical for the learning of the multilayer feedforward neural networks.
Recognition of driver's fatigue expressions by Gabor wavelet transform and Multilayer Perceptron classifier

A novel feature extraction approach for fatigue expressions of vehicle drivers, which consists of Viola-Jones face detection algorithm and Gabor wavelet transform, was proposed. With features extracted from the fatigue expressions dataset created at Southeast University, holdout experiments on fatigue expressions classification are created using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifier, compared with naive Bayes classifier, subspace classifier, and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) classifier. The results of holdout experiments show that MLP classifier offers the best classification performance than the other three classifiers. Among there predefined classes of driver's fatigue expressions, i.e., awake expressions, moderate fatigue expressions, and severe fatigue expressions, the class of severe fatigue expressions is the most difficult to classify. With MLP classifier, the classification accuracies of severe fatigue expressions are over 75% in holdout experiments, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed feature extraction method and the importance of MLP classifier in developing Driver Assistance Systems (DAS).
Enhancing primary health care services for adults with intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND Primary health care teams have an important part to play in addressing the health inequalities and high levels of unmet health needs experienced by people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Practice nurses have an expanding role within primary health care teams. However, no previous studies have measured their attitudes, knowledge, training needs, and self-efficacy in their work with people with ID. METHODS All practice nurses working in a defined area were identified. A purpose-designed questionnaire to measure nurse attitudes, knowledge, training needs and self-efficacy was developed and piloted. All practice nurses were then invited to participate. Data from completed questionnaires were entered onto PC and analysed. RESULTS Of a total of 292 practice nurses 201 (69%) participated. Whilst 89% (n=179) of participants reported having infrequent contact, 25% (n=50) reported a growing workload with people with ID. Only 8% (n=16) had ever received any training in communicating with people with ID. A knowledge gap regarding the health needs of people with ID was identified. Eighty-six per cent reported having experienced specific difficulties during previous appointments, and only 23% thought they had sufficient case note information at appointments, but 68% did not modify the duration of their appointments with people with ID. Conversely, responses demonstrated that practice nurses have a high level of experience and qualification in general nursing, have positive attitudes to working with people with ID, and high self-efficacy scores were identified for work with people with ID. The practice nurses viewed ID to be a high priority area for future training. CONCLUSIONS Primary health care teams have a key role in tackling the unmet health needs of people with ID. Whilst this project has identified factors that may impact on the accessibility of services, it has also identified practice nurses as having positive attitudes and high self-efficacy scores in their work with people with ID. This indicates that they should be targeted for specific training in this area, which may make an important contribution in enhancing future accessibility of primary health care services for people with ID.
HoloPair: Securing Shared Augmented Reality Using Microsoft HoloLens

Augmented Reality (AR) devices continuously scan their environment in order to naturally overlay virtual objects onto user's view of the physical world. In contrast to Virtual Reality, where one's environment is fully replaced with a virtual one, one of AR's "killer features" is co-located collaboration, in which multiple users interact with the same combination of virtual and real objects. Microsoft recently released HoloLens, the first consumer-ready augmented reality headset that needs no outside markers to achieve precise inside-out spatial mapping, which allows centimeter-scale hologram positioning. However, despite many applications published on the Windows Mixed Reality platform that rely on direct communication between AR devices, there currently exists no implementation or achievable proposal for secure direct pairing of two unassociated headsets. As augmented reality gets into mainstream, this omission exposes current and future users to a range of avoidable attacks. In order to close this real-world gap in both theory and engineering practice, in this paper we design and evaluate HoloPair, a system for secure and usable pairing of two AR headsets. We propose a pairing protocol and build a working prototype to experimentally evaluate its security guarantees, usability, and system performance. By running a user study with a total of 22 participants, we show that the system achieves high rates of attack detection, short pairing times, and a high average usability score. Moreover, in order to make an immediate impact on the wider developer community, we have published the full implementation and source code of our prototype, which is currently under consideration to be included in the official HoloLens development toolkit.
Small-bowel diverticulosis: perceptions and reality.

BACKGROUND Small-bowel diverticulosis is a rare entity that can be discovered incidentally during celiotomy, endoscopy, or radiographic imaging studies. The reported complication rate is low, giving rise to the current recommendation not to treat uncomplicated small-bowel diverticula. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review was performed of patients with small-bowel diverticulosis seen during 23 years at three major institutions. RESULTS Two hundred eight patients were identified. Diverticula were located in the duodenum in 79 percent; in the jejunum or ileum in 18 percent; and in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in 3 percent. Complications developed in 42 of the 208 patients (20 percent) including bleeding in 14, diverticulitis with perforation and abscess formation in 12, and malabsorption in 8. When assessed by location, jejunoileal diverticula were more likely to have complications than duodenal diverticula: 46 percent compared to 13 percent (p < .01). Bleeding accounted for 52 percent of the duodenal complications compared to 12 percent of the jejunoileal complications (p < 05). Jejunoileal diverticula were more likely to perforate and develop abscesses (21 percent compared to 1.2 percent; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The low incidence of complications associated with duodenal diverticula justifies a nonoperative approach. The higher complication rate associated with jejunoileal diverticula will be necessary to define that approach more exactly.
Adenosine infusion during isoflurane‐nitrous oxide anaesthesia: indications of perioperative analgesic effect

Adenosine, an endogenous compound with a known antinociceptive effect when administered into the CNS, was applied in nine patients (21–65 years) by the peripheral intravenous route (70–130 μg ˙ kg‐1 ˙ min‐1) as a replacement for peroperative opioids during inhalation anaesthesia for surgical procedures not requiring muscle relaxation. Lorazepam was given as premedication, thiopentone was used for induction, and succinylcholine facilitated intubation of the trachea. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane [initial surgery endtidal concentration (ET) 0.88% (range 0.7–1%)] and nitrous oxide (60–70%) in oxygen. Adenosine infusion was initiated 5–10 min prior to surgery, and stopped close to or when isoflurane was terminated at the end of surgery. The duration of anaesthesia, adenosine infusion, and surgery were 120 min (range 80–165), 90 min (range 70–145), and 90 min (range 60–135), respectively. Spontaneous unassisted ventilation was maintained in all patients. Mean heart rate increased 10 beats ˙ min‐1 (range 0–35) upon induction of surgery, while systolic blood pressure was unaffected at 105 mmHg (range 85–120) (14 kPa (range 11.3–16.0)). Spo2 and ETco2 were in the normal range. The isoflurane concentration was gradually reduced in most cases [mid‐surgery ET 0.63% (range 0.5–0.8) and end‐surgery ET 0.57% (range 0.3–0.8)]. Extubation and verbal communication were rapidly achieved after anaesthesia. The mean postoperative (24 h) opioid requirement was 4 mg (range 0–10 mg). These pilot cases suggest that systemic adenosine infusion may replace opioids during inhalation anaesthesia, and that adequate spontaneous ventilation can be achieved.
Biophysical Characterization of the Interaction Domains and Mapping of the Contact Residues in the XPF-ERCC1 Complex*

XPF and ERCC1 exist as a heterodimer to be stable and active in cells and catalyze DNA cleavage on the 5′-side of a lesion during nucleotide excision repair. To characterize the specific interaction between XPF and ERCC1, we expressed the human ERCC1 binding domain of XPF (XPF-EB) and the XPF binding domain of ERCC1 (ERCC1-FB) in Escherichia coli. Milligram quantities of a heterodimer were characterized with gel filtration chromatography, an Ni2+-NTA binding assay, and analytical ultracentrifugation. Cross-linking experiments at high salt concentrations revealed that XPF interacts with ERCC1 mainly through hydrophobic interactions. XPF-EB was also shown to homodimerize in the absence of ERCC1. NMR cross-saturation methods were applied to map the residues involved in formation of the XPF-EB·XPF-EB homodimer and the XPF-EB·ERCC1-FB heterodimer. Helix H3 and the C-terminal region of XPF-EB were either within or in close proximity to the homodimer interface, whereas the ERCC1-FB binding site of XPF-EB was distributed across helix H1, a small part of H2, H3, and the C-terminal region, most of which exhibited large changes in chemical shift upon ERCC1 binding. The XPF-EB heterodimeric interface is larger than the XPF-EB homodimeric one, which could explain why XPF has a stronger affinity for ERCC1 than for a second molecule of XPF. The XPF binding sites of ERCC1 were located in helices H1 and H3 and in the C-terminal region, similar to the involved surface of XPF. We used cross-saturation data and the crystal structure of related proteins to model the two complexes.
Deciphering Monetary Policy Board Minutes Through Text Mining Approach: The Case of Korea

We quantify the Monetary Policy Board (MPB) minutes of the Bank of Korea (BOK) using text mining. We propose a novel approach using a field-specific Korean dictionary and contiguous sequences of words (n-grams) to better capture the subtlety of central bank communications. We find that our lexicon-based indicators help explain the current and future BOK monetary policy decisions when considering an augmented Taylor rule, suggesting that they contain additional information beyond the currently available macroeconomic variables. Our indicators remarkably outperform English-based textual classifications, a media-based measure of economic policy uncertainty, and a data-based measure of macroeconomic uncertainty. Our empirical results also emphasize the importance of using a field-specific dictionary and the original Korean text.
Imp3p and Imp4p, Two Specific Components of the U3 Small Nucleolar Ribonucleoprotein That Are Essential for Pre-18S rRNA Processing

ABSTRACT The function of the U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) is central to the events surrounding pre-rRNA processing, as evidenced by the severe defects in cleavage of pre-18S rRNA precursors observed upon depletion of the U3 RNA and its unique protein components. Although the precise function of each component remains unclear, since U3 snoRNA levels remain unchanged upon genetic depletion of these proteins, it is likely that the proteins themselves have significant roles in the cleavage reactions. Here we report the identification of two previously undescribed protein components of the U3 snoRNP, representing the first snoRNP components identified by using the two-hybrid methodology. By screening for proteins that physically associate with the U3 snoRNP-specific protein, Mpp10p, we have identified Imp3p (22 kDa) and Imp4p (34 kDa) (named for interacting with Mpp10p). The genes encoding both proteins are essential in yeast. Genetic depletion reveals that both proteins are critical for U3 snoRNP function in pre-18S rRNA processing at the A0, A1, and A2 sites in the pre-rRNA. Both Imp proteins associate with Mpp10p in vivo, and both are complexed only with the U3 snoRNA. Conservation of RNA binding domains between Imp3p and the S4 family of ribosomal proteins suggests that it might associate with RNA directly. However, as with other U3 snoRNP-specific proteins, neither Imp3p nor Imp4p is required for maintenance of U3 snoRNA integrity. Imp3p and Imp4p are therefore novel protein components specific to the U3 snoRNP with critical roles in pre-rRNA cleavage events.
An updated Banff schema for diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection in renal allografts

Purpose of reviewTo introduce the updated Banff schema for antibody-mediated renal allograft rejection and related revisions to definitions within this schema agreed upon during and immediately subsequent to the 2013 Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology. Recent findingsThe original Banff schema for diagnosis of acute and chronic, active antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in renal allografts, formulated at the 2001 and 2007 Banff Conferences, has been of great assistance to pathologists and clinicians faced with an increasing awareness of the role of donor-specific alloantibodies (DSAs) in producing graft injury. This schema requires histologic (primarily microvascular inflammation and transplant glomerulopathy), immunohistologic (C4d in peritubular capillaries), and serologic (circulating DSA) evidence for a definitive diagnosis of ABMR. Still, like other Banff classifications, the 2001/2007 schema for renal ABMR is a working classification subject to revision based on new data. Increasing evidence for C4d-negative ABMR and antibody-mediated arterial lesions led to the development of a consensus at the 2013 Banff Conference for updating the schema to include these lesions. Definitions and thresholds for glomerulitis and chronic glomerulopathy were also revised to improve interobserver agreement and correlation with clinical, molecular, and serologic data. SummaryFrom a consensus reached at the 2013 Banff Conference, an updated schema for diagnosis of acute/active and chronic, active ABMR has been developed that accounts for recent data supporting the existence of C4d-negative ABMR and antibody-mediated intimal arteritis.
The role of size at birth and postnatal catch‐up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature

Objective To conduct a systematic review in order to (i) summarize the relationship between birthweight and blood pressure, following numerous publications in the last 3 years, (ii) assess whether other measures of size at birth are related to blood pressure, and (iii) study the role of postnatal catch-up growth in predicting blood pressure. Data identification All papers published between March 1996 and March 2000 that examined the relationship between birth weight and systolic blood pressure were identified and combined with the papers examined in a previous review. Subjects More than 444 000 male and female subjects aged 0–84 years of all ages and races. Results Eighty studies described the relationship of blood pressure with birth weight. The majority of the studies in children, adolescents and adults reported that blood pressure fell with increasing birth weight, the size of the effect being approximately 2 mmHg/kg. Head circumference was the only other birth measurement to be most consistently associated with blood pressure, the magnitude of the association being a decrease in blood pressure by approximately 0.5 mmHg/cm. Skeletal and non-skeletal postnatal catch-up growth were positively associated with blood pressure, with the highest blood pressures occurring in individuals of low birth weight but high rates of growth subsequently. Conclusions Both birth weight and head circumference at birth are inversely related to systolic blood pressure. The relationship is present in adolescence but attenuated compared to both the pre- and post-adolescence periods. Accelerated postnatal growth is also associated with raised blood pressure.