Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Integrated Steel Works and Its Subjects for a Future Study

Reduction of CO2 emissions has been discussed using newly developed precise model based on carbon and energy balance in large-scale integrated steel works as a whole. Although there are various means to decrease reducing agent rate (RAR) at blast furnace, preferable way to reduce CO2 emissions must be chosen considering energy balance in whole steel works. Reduction of RAR at blast furnace together with energy saving at downstream processes is important. Maintaining competitiveness in global steel market must be also considered. Simple reduction of RAR such as improvement of shaft efficiency at blast furnace without energy saving at downstream processes leads to increase in production cost because of increment of purchased energy. Injection of waste plastics and carbon neutral materials such as biomass is better alternative.Regarding blast furnace operation, under the use of inferior raw materials such as low strength coke as well as high productivity condition, there are many problems to be solved to achieve low RAR operation. It has been reported that drastic change of lower part situation such as increase in coke degradation and accumulation of coke fine causes operation instability at actual blast furnace. Therefore, to attain stable low RAR operation, it is confirmed that new control measures based on fundamental researches to solve various problems should be developed.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF CO-REGULATORY APPROACHES TO FOOD SAFETY CONTROLS

Food safety controls are currently enforced in the UK by a variety of regulatory approaches that considerably differ in their efficiency and effectiveness in achieving social goals of safe food supply and improved consumer confidence. Aim of this study is to establish whether a coregulatory enforcement of these controls is more cost-effective than the traditional command-and- control enforcement modes. First of its kind, the study reviewed a vast theoretical literature on economics of food safety and incentives to develop a conceptual framework and appropriate methodology for comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of co-regulatory approaches to food hygiene controls in the UK meat industry. A panel data on costs and compliance of 710 meat firms operating in the UK and Northern Ireland is collected analysed using fixed-effects model. Results of this analysis show that the co-regulatory approaches can be cost-effective when regulators are capable of devising incentive mechanism that encourages compliance. These findings call for a systematic evaluation of existing regulatory and market incentives to facilitate a more widespread consideration of co-regulation in the UK food industry and supply chains, particularly in sectors that do not presently lend themselves to co-regulation. The findings of the study have empirical implications for food policymakers, analysts and enforcement officers engaged in the analysis, development and implementation of strategies for improving food safety.
Evaluating the effect of managerial caution on real earnings management

High emphasis on the profit and loss and the net profit has motivated the management to manipulate the company's activities in order to achieve the target profit and consequently created the concept of earnings management. On the other hand, according to uncertainty to reduce the likelihood of losses and better illustrate organizational performance researchers examined a new method as managerial caution. This issue is more important at the stock exchanges. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of managerial caution on real earnings management. For this purpose and in order to survey hypotheses after screening, 118 listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), in the period of 2009 to 2013, were studied. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between managerial caution and real earnings management. This means that, in that period, the companies that have benefited from precautions management show less interest to use real earnings management actions and it has shown that using managerial caution leads to reduce the use of earnings management. Research paper Keywords: Managerial caution, Earnings management, Real earnings management Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Hemmati, H. , Taghizad, G. , & Mahmoudi, S. (2017). Evaluating the effect of managerial caution on real earnings management, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 5 (2), 127–146.
Author's personal copy Modulating the electronic properties of graphdiyne nanoribbons

By ab initio calculation, Au, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pt adatoms were proposed for modulating the electronic property of graphdiyne naoribbons (GDNRs). GDNRs of 1–4 nm in width were found to be stable at room temperature, and the thermal rates of Au, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pt adatoms escaping from GDNR are slower than 0.003 atoms per hour even at 900 K. According to the calculation, Au and Cu-decorated GDNRs are metallic with carrier concentrations close to that of graphene at room temperature, while Fe, Ni, and Pt-decorated GDNRs are n-type semiconductors with impurity states below Fermi energy. Heterojunction composed by doping Au, Cu, or Fe atom on one side of GDNR was proposed as metal–semiconductor rectifier with rectification ratio of 2.8, 1.5, or 2.5 at 1.0 V, respectively. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
VALIDITY & RELIABILITY OF THE PERSIAN VERSION OF GRASHA-RICHMANN STUDENT LEARNING STYLES SCALE

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of Grasha-Riechmann Student Learning Styles Scale. Method: The participants included 1039 students (421 students in human and 618 students in technical sciences), selected through the stratified sampling method from Tehran University. They answered the Grasha-Riechmann student learning style scale and the data was analyzed with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: The findings acquired from exploratory factor analysis (n=561), using principal components analysis with varimax rotation showed that Grasha- Riechmann Student Learning Styles Scale includes six factors: Avoidant, Collaborative, Participative, Dependent, Competitive, and Independent. The factors acquired from confirmatory factor analysis (n=478), as model fit indices indicated, was confirmed by indices in exploratory factor analysis. The internal consistency of each subscale, ranging from 0.58 to 0.80, was at an acceptable level. Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that Participative Styles Scale to be an instrument qualifying validity and reliability for measuring learning interactive styles. Keywords: Validity, Reliability, Grasha-Richmann scale, Learning styles
The occurrence of microscopic algae with blue – green chloroplasts or with endocyanelles ( Glaucophyta ) in the fresh waters of the Czech Republic , with a new report of Cryptella cyanophora Pascher

One of the observed flagellates, Cryptella cyanophora Pascher, is probably the first discovery ever of this species with cyanelles after more than 80 years since its description. This species was previously classified into the cryptophycean genus Chroomonas hansgirg (see Discussion), which is why the observations of two common species, Chroomonas nordstedtii hansg. and Ch. caudata geitler, from natural water bodies are also presented and the theory of their cytological evolution is discussed. Similar uncertainty is associated with the origin of blue–green chloroplasts of some dinoflagellates, two species of which (from Czech waters) are presented, namely Gymnodinium aeruginosum stein and Amphidinium amphidinioides (geitler) schiller. Again the theory of the origin of their chloroplast is discussed. The indubitable syncyanosis is demonstrated on Glaucocystis nostochinearum itzigsohn.
Motion illusions caused by paintings of Op Art distort the perception of time

Figurative static images implying human body movements observed for different durations (2- 8 and 36 s) affected timing perception. This study examined whether images of static geometric shapes - juxtaposed lines causing visual motion illusions - would affect the perception of time. Undergraduate participants observed two optical paintings by Bridget Riley for 9 or 36 s seconds (G9 and G36 groups). The paintings implying different movements (2.0- and 6.0-point stimuli) were randomly presented. The prospective paradigm in the reproduction method to record the time estimations of the participants was used. Data analysis showed no time distortions in G9 group. In the G36 group the paintings were differently perceived: 2.0-point was estimated shorter than 6.0-point. Also, the exhibition time of the 2.0-point painting was underestimated, compared with the real time. These results show that optical illusion of movement in static images caused time distortions related to a long duration of exposure.
Measuring the Intensity of Intranational Political Events Data: Two Interval-Like Scales

King, Keohane, and Verba (1994, pp. 27-28) argue that we should "maximize the validity of our measurement," "ensure that data-collection methods are reliable," and make all data and analysis replicable. In an effort to improve the measurement of the events data collected by the Intranational Political Interactions (IPI) project, this extension of the project produces two new valid and reliable interval-like scales. Following Azar (1982), Goldstein (1992), and Moore and Lindstrom (1996), I produce interval-like scales of cooperative and hostile political actions based on a group of experts' judgements. The collective scaling procedure produces data suitable for use in OLS regression models as well as a standardized interval-like scale that more accurately represents the true scores of event types. The paper discusses the procedures taken to derive the new measures, proceeds to argue why the new measures are improvements over existing measures, and reports the findings of statistical analytic comparisons. The statistical comparisons demonstrate that the new scales make a difference in various statistical models using different temporal units of aggregation.
Immuno-stimulating Activities of Skipjack Tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Cooking Juice Concentrates on Mouse Macrophages and Spleen Cells

면역은 인체의 주요 방어 기전으로, 외부 물질의 침입이나 감 염작용에 대해 다양한 면역세포가 작용하여 인체를 방어하는 기능을 지칭하며(Hancock and Diamond, 2000), 대식세포가 관련된 비특이적 면역반응과, T 및 B cell이 관여하는 특이적 면역반응으로 나뉜다(Seo et al., 2009). 비특이적 면역반응, 즉 자연면역에서 대식세포는 체내 모든 조직에 널리 분포하며, 1 차적으로 bacteria나 virus와 같은 감염성 병원체 또는 암세포 및 노화된 정상세포를 탐식작용을 통해 제거함과 동시에 interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β 및 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 등의 cytokine을 분비하며, 항원제시작용을 하여 면역반응을 극대화 시키는 매개 역할을 한다(Yu et al., 2012a). 특이적 면역은 적응 면역이라고도 하며, 항원제시세포가 포식 후 제시한 항원 정보 를 T cell이 인식하여 일어나는 면역 반응으로, T 및 B cell이 관 여한다(Yoon, 2008). 특히 CD4+ T cell은 helper T (Th) 림프 구라고도 하며, 방어 면역에서 가장 중요하게 작용하는 세포로 대식세포와 함께 cytokine 분비를 통해 면역반응을 유도한다. 이러한 Th cell은 Th1 및 Th2 cell로 각각 분화되며 서로 다른 면역작용에 관여하게 된다(Mosmann and Coffman, 1989). 그 중 Th1 cell 유도 cytokine은 IL-2, IL-12, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) 및 TNF-α가 있으며, 주로 세포매개성 면역작용을 활성화하고, Th2 cell 유도 cytokine에는 IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10이 있으며 주로 항체 생성에 의해 매개되는 체액성 면역작용을 활성화한 참치(Katsuwonus pelamis) 자숙액 농축물의 마우스 대식세포 및 비장세포에 대한 면역증강활성 강보경·김꽃봉우리·안나경·최연욱·김민지·박시우·박원민 김보람·박지혜·배난영·안동현*
Vortices in stably-stratified rapidly rotating Boussinesq convection

We study the Boussinesq approximation for rapidly rotating stably-stratified fluids in a three dimensional infinite layer with either stress-free or periodic boundary conditions in the vertical direction. For initial conditions satisfying a certain quasi-geostrophic smallness condition, we use dispersive estimates and the large rotation limit to prove global-in-time existence of solutions. We then use self-similar variable techniques to show that the barotropic vorticity converges to an Oseen vortex, while other components decay to zero. We finally use algebraically weighted spaces to determine leading order asymptotics. In particular we show that the barotropic vorticity approaches the Oseen vortex with algebraic rate while the barotropic vertical velocity and thermal fluctuations go to zero as Gaussians whose amplitudes oscillate in opposite phase of each other while decaying with an algebraic rate.
Ozone impacts of gas–aerosol uptake in global chemistry transport models

Abstract. The impact of six heterogeneous gas–aerosol uptake reactions on tropospheric ozone and nitrogen species was studied using two chemical transport models, the Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP MSC-W) and the European Centre Hamburg general circulation model combined with versions of the Hamburg Aerosol Model and Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (ECHAM-HAMMOZ). Species undergoing heterogeneous reactions in both models include N2O5, NO3, NO2, O3, HNO3, and HO2. Since heterogeneous reactions take place at the aerosol surface area, the modelled surface area density (Sa) of both models was compared to a satellite product retrieving the surface area. This comparison shows a good agreement in global pattern and especially the capability of both models to capture the extreme aerosol loadings in east Asia. The impact of the heterogeneous reactions was evaluated by the simulation of a reference run containing all heterogeneous reactions and several sensitivity runs. One reaction was turned off in each sensitivity run to compare it with the reference run. The analysis of the sensitivity runs confirms that the globally most important heterogeneous reaction is the one of N2O5. Nevertheless, NO2, HNO3, and HO2 heterogeneous reactions gain relevance particularly in east Asia due to the presence of high NOx concentrations and high Sa in the same region. The heterogeneous reaction of O3 itself on dust is of minor relevance compared to the other heterogeneous reactions. The impacts of the N2O5 reactions show strong seasonal variations, with the biggest impacts on O3 in springtime when photochemical reactions are active and N2O5 levels still high. Evaluation of the models with northern hemispheric ozone surface observations yields a better agreement of the models with observations in terms of concentration levels, variability, and temporal correlations at most sites when the heterogeneous reactions are incorporated. Our results are loosely consistent with results from earlier studies, although the magnitude of changes induced by N2O5 reaction is at the low end of estimates, which seems to fit a trend, whereby the more recent the study the lower the impacts of these reactions.
THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON SOCIAL INFORMATION SERVICES AND INDEPENDENCE TO SELF ADJUSTMENT

Abstract The phenomenon that occurs is the seventh grade students of SMP N 22 Semarang has an average adaptability 70%, while the services of social information has been provided by the teacher of guidance and counseling regularly. In addition there is a significant difference in the level of student independence. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the influence of students' perception on social information services and independence to self adjustment seventh grade students of SMP N 22 Semarang. This research is an ex post facto with quantitative approach. The study population numbered 240 students sample taken by purposive sampling technique. Collecting data using psychological scale were tested for its validity and reliability. The data analysis used is simple and multiple linear regression. The results are (1) Perceptions of students on social information services influences self adjustment, (2) Independence influences self adjustment, and (3) Perceptions of students on social information services and independence influences self adjustment. Based on these results it can be predicted that the higher level of students' perceptions on the service of social information and independence, the adaptability of students will be increased. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers of guidance and counseling should provide services that fit the needs of students so that students have a better perception on social information services and also they should foster students' independence.
Impact of Grants-in-Aid on Collegiate Education: Evidence and Implications of a Regional Study in India.

This article estimates the impact of grants-in-aid (GIA) and other variables on students' performance (in terms of pass percentages) in aided private degree colleges, using panel data from sample colleges in Bangalore district of Karnataka State (India) from 1991-92 to 1997-98. In addition, sensitivity of a reduction in GIA on the estimated pass percent of students in the individual colleges and feasibility of financing a reduction in GIA through proposed changes in students' fee are analysed. The results show that (a) the impact of GIA is positive and significant in all estimations; (b) the estimated pass percentage of students does vary remarkably, especially if GIA is reduced by 50 percent or more; and (c) the proposed fee revisions can finance a reduction in GIA to all colleges by about 12 percent. The framework of analysis and implications of empirical results above are of relevance for other regions in India as well as for other developing countries in
Two-phase gravity currents in porous media

We develop a model describing the buoyancy-driven propagation of two-phase gravity currents, motivated by problems in groundwater hydrology and geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). In these settings, fluid invades a porous medium saturated with an immiscible second fluid of different density and viscosity. The action of capillary forces in the porous medium results in spatial variations of the saturation of the two fluids. Here, we consider the propagation of fluid in a semi-infinite porous medium across a horizontal, impermeable boundary. In such systems, once the aspect ratio is large, fluid flow is mainly horizontal and the local saturation is determined by the vertical balance between capillary and gravitational forces. Gradients in the hydrostatic pressure along the current drive fluid flow in proportion to the saturation-dependent relative permeabilities, thus determining the shape and dynamics of two-phase currents. The resulting two-phase gravity current model is attractive because the formalism captures the essential macroscopic physics of multiphase flow in porous media. Residual trapping of CO2 by capillary forces is one of the key mechanisms that can permanently immobilize CO2 in the societally important example of geological CO2 sequestration. The magnitude of residual trapping is set by the areal extent and saturation distribution within the current, both of which are predicted by the two-phase gravity current model. Hence the magnitude of residual trapping during the post-injection buoyant rise of CO2 can be estimated quantitatively. We show that residual trapping increases in the presence of a capillary fringe, despite the decrease in average saturation.
Hidden Identities: Cryptic Species in the Otomys Genus (Cuvier 1824) (Rodentia: Muridae: Otomyinae) Revealed by Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA in South Africa

The recent taxonomy and phylogeny of Otomyinae has been in a state of flux as new systematic revisions combining molecular, karyotypic and morphometric information have identified changes at various taxonomic levels. Currently two genera of Otomyinae and eight species of Otomys are recognized in South Africa. However, the position of Otomys sloggetti on the phylogeny of Otomyinae has not been resolved, and since this species was not well represented in recent revisions it may also reveal multiple cryptic evolutionary species. In this study four mitochondrial and one nuclear gene regions and external morphological characters were analysed to elucidate relationships within O. sloggetti, as well as between O. sloggetti and other Otomys species occurring in South Africa. The data from this study suggested O. sloggetti belongs to neither the Otomys, nor the Parotomys genera. Instead, we propose returning to the classification of Otomyinae and recognize Myotomys as the valid genus for O. sloggetti. Within O. sloggetti, our data does not support the traditional view of the distribution and intraspecific variation of the species, and invites a new hypothesis. Specimens identified in the field as O. sloggetti were found to represent two different clades. One of the clades was genetically and morphologically consistent with the description for O. sloggetti, while the other was distinct from O. sloggetti and other Otomys species known to occur in South Africa. Our data suggests that this is a novel species within the Otomys genus.
XSS-10 Micro-Satellite Flight Demonstration Program

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is building and demonstrating a new class of low-cost satellites, referred to as “micro-satellites,” weighing in at less than 100 kilograms. These new satellites are being flown under the Experimental Spacecraft System (XSS) program and will demonstrate the capabilities of microsatellites for future Air Force missions. The XSS series demonstrates basic proximity operations capabilities onorbit and will address both technical and operational risks before committing to micro-satellite system development programs.
The Exploring of Implementing Makaton in Multi – Sensory Storytelling for Children with Physical and Intellectual Disabilities Aged Between 5 and 10

Human communication is significant and distinctive (Yule, 2010). It involves the use of body language, facial expressions and most importantly, oral language. However, due to certain developmental problems, the use of spoken language may be sometimes limited. In those cases, the alternative communication strategies are required to be used with intellectually and physically disabled individuals. In fact, Makaton, a sign – based communication system, is believed to support the communication as well as facilitate language production (Walker, 1981). This study will present a detailed analysis of Makaton, discussing the ways that the system is implemented in Multi – Sensory Storytelling. The research will demonstrate two different modalities and consider whether they can be mutually supportive and provide simple communication. The study is specifically aimed at exploring the connections between Makaton and Multi – Sensory Storytelling, presented by professional caregivers to children with intellectual and physical disabilities. A linguistic analysis of Makaton will be presented as well as the discussion on the interactive style of the storytellers. The research will attempt at evaluating how highly trained a practitioner needs to be in order to deliver Multi – Sensory Stories using Makaton. It is clear that the analyzed data will have an impact on the final conclusions of this paper.
Determinants of trade in value added: the case of the Central and Eastern European Countries

The aim of the paper is to investigate determinants of trade in value added of the CEECs (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) in the period 2000–2014. For this purpose, it uses a generalised gravity model based on panel data. The main independent variables (GDP of trading countries and the distance between them) have the same direction of impact on both value added exports/imports and gross exports/imports. Only the values of coefficients differ. The greatest difference concerns the geographical distance. It results from indirect value added trade.