Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An immunomodulatory polysaccharide from blackberry seeds and its action on RAW 264.7 cells via activation of NF-κB/MAPK pathways

ABSTRACT Currently there is tremendous interest in the discovery of natural polysaccharide immunomodulators for treating immune-related diseases. Herein, the immunomodulatory activities of a polysaccharide fraction isolated from blackberry seeds (BSP-2) were examined in RAW264.7 cells. The results revealed that BSP-2 at 37.5–300 µg/mL could significantly enhance the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and their ability to release NO, TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines. BSP-2 could significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the phosphorylation of p65, p38, ERK and JNK proteins. The mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory actions of BSP-2 likely involve the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and up-regulation of the phosphorylation of key proteins involved in these pathways. These findings suggest that BSP-2 could be applied as a polysaccharide immunotherapeutic adjuvant with the effective dose as low as 70 µg/mL (BSP-2 may be cytotoxic at levels > 600 μg/mL). Highlights Immunostimulatory potential of a blackberry seed polysaccharide (BSP-2) was examined. BSP-2 at 37.5–300 µg/mL could enhance the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. BSP-2 could significantly up-regulate the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6. BSP-2 up-regulated the phosphorylation of p65, p38, ERK and JNK proteins. Immunostimulatory BSP-2 acted via activating the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways.
Endemic and Emerging Arboviruses of Mosquitoes in Ecuador

Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that include many viruses of public health concern found in Ecuador. Dengue virus, yellow fever virus and Zika virus are in the Flaviridae family (1), while chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus are in the Togaviridae family (1). Yellow fever has circulated throughout the tropics since at least the17th century, with the first recorded outbreak in Latin America in 1647 (2), with the virus being identified in 1927 (3). Dengue virus is also a long-time source of global outbreaks and was identified in 1943 (4). Dengue has four virus serotypes (DENV 1-4), allowing for repeated infection of individuals. Chikungunya, Zika and Mayaro were identified as causes of febrile disease more recently: the Zika virus was isolated from a monkey in 1947 in Uganda (5), chikungunya virus during an outbreak in south-eastern Africa in 1952 (1), and Mayaro virus from a patient in Trinidad in 1954 (6). Chikungunya has four genotypes: East/Central/South African, Western African, Indian Ocean and Asian (1), while Zika has two genetics lineages: Asian and African (7). Ecuador is susceptible to introductions of arboviruses transmitted by several mosquito vectors that are either well established or recently introduced and has thus experienced multiple and repeated introductions of these diseases. Of these, at present, only yellow fever has a widely available and licensed vaccine.
Mapping industrial and territorial dimensions for the design of place-based innovation policies: the rationale of the book

Smart specialisation is now a well-known strategy of the European Union (EU), due to its implementation in the 2014‒2020 period to boost the competitiveness of Europe and its regions. Prior to this, innovation activities were related primarily to research and development (R&D) expenditure. Smart specialisation aimed to change this, by embracing a much larger concept of innovation, insisting on the idea that entrepreneurial discovery was not based only in high-tech industries and in R&D activities. The one-size-fits-all policy of the Lisbon and Europe 2020 agenda was totally replaced, and the idea that innovation strategies had to be place-based (Barca, 2009), as a result of bottom-up processes based on the selfdiscovery of entrepreneurial capability, drove the present programming period 2014‒2020 (Giannitsis, 2009; Foray, 2009; Foray et al., 2009). The new policy strategy was therefore calling for an attempt to supersede the old innovation policy style, based on centralised planning methods for the identification of industrial development priorities. The new strategy was aiming to ensure the appropriateness of the logic and design of the policy, as well as the relevance of the local context, rather than this being imposed by an external (supra-regional) body, as with a place-based policy à la Barca (Barca, 2009). In addition to this redirection of innovation policy style, smart specialisation was asking for the identification of priorities, a policy prioritization capable of boosting growth, since it is based on regional
Research on Quality Cost Control Management Strategy of Engineering Project

For all engineering projects, ensuring that the quality of the project is okay will not only bring economic benefits and credibility to the enterprise, but also promote the development of the national economy. This article first analyzes and introduces the related theoretical concepts of quality cost control management. Second, it analyzes and analyzes the problems and deficiencies in quality cost management of engineering projects. Finally, according to the problems found, this paper proposes the corresponding aspects. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are of certain significance for the control and management of quality costs of similar projects in the future.
DESIGN AND MODELLING OF LOW POWER 14NM SINGLE FINSOI-TG-FINFET WITH POWER GATING TECHNIQUE TO LOWER THE POWER DISSIPATION IN STAND-BY MODE

As the IC technology scaled down to lower extent, the device scaling is necessary in which there is an increment in transistor count on die and undesirable short channel effects are included, which disrupts device mechanism. To balance these parameters, non-planar multi-gate devices like Double Gate FinFET (DG-FinFET) and Triple Gate FinFET (TG-FinFET) comes in to existence. But, the power dissipation rises to higher extent. So, there is a need of low power circuit topology to regulate the power dissipation from the devices. Low power design techniques like power gating technique is used to minimize the leakage power during the stand-by mode of operation, which contributes sufficient value to total power dissipation. A power grid circuit is used to minimize supply voltage variations to the circuit. In this paper, we have to modelled a Silicon-on-insulator Triple Gate FinFET (SOI-TG-FinFET), power grid circuit using Verilog-A. The IV characteristics of SOI-TG-FinFET, output waveforms for power grid circuit are verified and a three stage ring oscillator of 2GHZ is implemented as a test circuit in logic block. Results, shows that Power gating technique provides minimal power dissipation of 15% less than non-power gating circuit. corresponding author 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 97M50.
Intersexual mimicry and imperfect deceit of a threatened aquatic herb Ottelia acuminata

Mimicry of non‐rewarding flowers to rewarding flowers has been accepted as a strategy to improve pollination success in angiosperms. It has been proposed that this mechanism depends on whether potential pollinators can discriminate between the flowers. In this study, the intersexual mimicry and deceit pollination were studied in a threatened dioecious aquatic herb, Ottelia acuminata. Its female flowers resemble male flowers in morphology and odor compounds, to avoid discrimination by pollinators and outcompete male flowers in attracting the pollinators using stronger scents and bigger flowers. However, an obvious visit bias of its pollinator (Apis cerana) to male flowers was detected, suggesting that bees can distinguish the rewarding males from non‐rewarding females. Although the deceit was not successful, pollination was not seriously undermined because pollen limitation was found to be low in the sampled natural population. We speculate that, due to “accidental” visits on female flowers and “mistake” pollinations, pollen limitation could be mitigated by a high frequency of pollen donors, and is correlated with the size and sex ratio of a population. Ottelia acuminata is a threatened dioecious aquatic herb. We suggest that developing multi‐stakeholder coalitions should be encouraged to save the threatened edible and ornamental plant species in China. We hope this study could provide new insights into understanding of the role of intersexual mimicry in other flowering plants.
Ocorrência de Salmonella spp. e de microrganismos indicadores de qualidade em ovos comercializados na Região Metropolitana de São Luís, Maranhão

The work aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of fresh eggs from different commercial establishments in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Brazil. A total of 800 eggs obtained from public markets, retail supermarkets, wholesale supermarkets and grocery stores were analyzed. The samples of the internal content of the eggs were analyzed for the count of mesophilic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (CBHAM), Staphylococcus spp. , total yeasts and molds count, total and thermotolerant coliforms most probable number, and research for Salmonella spp. , by conventional methods. Egg shell samples were evaluated particularly for Salmonella spp. The results for the aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts ranged from 102 to 104 CFU/mL, for Staphylococcus spp. count was 101 to 102 CFU/mL and yeast and mold count was 101 to 102 CFU/mL. The results showed that 12.5% ​​(5/40) of the samples was contaminated with total coliforms and 5% (2/40) with thermotolerant coliforms. Salmonella spp. was isolated in eggs samples, 12.5% ​​(5/40) of the internal egg and 17.5% (7/40) of the external eggs. It was concluded that fresh eggs marketed in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Luis presented a risk of spreading enteropathogens, regardless of the type of commercial establishment, and the commercial locations had favorable environmental conditions for microbial growth.
Protective effect and mechanism of fucoidan on intestinal mucosal barrier function in NOD mice

ABSTRACT This study was to evaluate the protective effect of fucoidan on the intestinal mucosal barrier in non-obese diabetic mice (NOD). Twenty NOD mice were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group and the fucoidan intervention group which were fed with fucoidan at a concentration of 600 mg/kg BW (body weight) per day for five weeks. Mice treated with fucoidan had a significant improvement in glycemic control, and the proportions of Th1/Th2/Th17 cells and the levels of endotoxin, DAO and D-LA were reduced. Fucoidan treatment improved intestinal barrier function by increasing ZO-1, claudin-1 and Occludin protein expression. Moreover, the expression levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, NF-кB p65 and p38 MAPK were decreased. Our result suggested that pre-treatment with fucoidan could attenuate the inflammatory response and maintain intestinal barrier function in NOD mice. Fucoidan-based functional food may be potential for the prevention of T1DM (type 1 diabetes mellitus).
Importancia de atender el trauma vascular oportunamente y contar con centros de referencia

Background: Vascular trauma has increased in recent years, it has been observed that a delay in treatment impacts survival free of amputation and some kind of complications, is necessary to offer the appropriate treatment in a short period of time. Objective: To determine if in the patients with a diagnosis of vascular trauma attended initially in the HGM compared to those in which their first level of care was a reference hospital, they presented fewer amputations or some other complication. Material and methods: The records of the patients treated in the HGM with the diagnosis of vascular trauma were identified, were divided into 2 groups, the variables age, gender, comorbidities, trauma mechanism, time elapsed between trauma and
ESTRATÉGIAS DIGITAIS DOS POPULISMOS DE ESQUERDA E DE DIREITA: BRASIL E ESPANHA EM PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA

A presente pesquisa identifica duas praticas distintas de relacionamento do populismo com as midias digitais nesse inicio do seculo XXI: a horizontal e a vertical. A partir da analise comparada dos casos de Bolsonaro no Brasil e do Podemos na Espanha, representantes de um populismo de direita e de um populismo de esquerda, respectivamente, observou-se como cada uma dessas praticas politicas lida com as midias digitais. O populismo de direita brasileiro opera uma mobilizacao social vertical, baseada em mensagens em redes sociais como Facebook, Whatsapp e Twitter que informam as agendas a serem seguidas por seu eleitorado. Assim, o eleitorado e receptor, mas tambem divulgador da agenda. Alem disso, a pratica das Fake News e crucial na tatica de construcao das narrativas empregada por Bolsonaro. O populismo de esquerda do Podemos, ao contrario, opera uma tatica horizontal com a experimentacao de praticas deliberativas nas redes sociais. O eleitorado e receptor e construtor da agenda.
Predicting spatiotemporal abundance of breeding waterfowl across Canada: A Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach

Our aim was to develop predictive statistical models for mapping the abundance of 18 waterfowl species at a pan‐Canadian level. We refined the previous generation of national waterfowl models by (a) developing new, more interpretable statistical models that (b) explicitly account for spatiotemporal variations in waterfowl abundance, while (c) testing for associations with an updated suite of habitat covariates.
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON INSTAGRAM: WHEN IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE POSTING TIMING?

This study investigates the most effective posting timing on Instagram to enhance content engagements (i.e., likes and comments). Data of 2,958 Indonesian food brands posts were analysed using negative binomial regression to predict the number of likes and comments. This study reveals that the most effective posting days are on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday as contents posted on Instagram on these days result in a higher number of likes and comments. In addition, this study also encourages food brands to post their contents during breakfast and lunch times as these times of the day prompt more likes and comments. The findings of this study will help brands and social media managers to include scheduling in their social media marketing strategy on Instagram.
Advanced Characterization Techniques for Identifying the Key Active Sites of Gas‐Involved Electrocatalysts

Highly efficient electrocatalysts play an integral part in developing renewable energy conversion and storage technologies. Despite considerable efforts devoted to synthesizing electrocatalysts with superior performance, the identification of active moieties and understanding of reaction mechanisms under practical conditions still remain elusive. Herein, the substantial progresses in unraveling the local electronic and atomic structure optimizations of nanocatalysts for gas‐involved electrocatalysis, disclosing real active sites, and clarifying their relationships with intrinsic activities by combining advanced characterization techniques with computational simulations are summarized. The continuous development of in situ and ex situ characterization tools, particularly at multi‐scale resolution, to monitor or even directly observe the active center structure is systematically discussed, which is divided into four main categories based on the type of active sites: atomically dispersed active sites, vacancies, heteroatom doping sites, and edge sites. Current challenges and perspectives in both fundamental area and industrial application are finally proposed for the future research direction of next‐generation electrode materials. The aim of this review is to provide mechanistic insights into the real catalytically active structure with the assistance of newly developed characterization techniques, guiding the rational design and structure engineering of advanced functional materials with outstanding activity, selectivity, and durability.
Participação feminina no pré-mirim nos jogos escolares de São Paulo

O artigo teve como objetivo analisar como os Jogos Escolares do Estado de São Paulo-JEESP, na categoria pré-mirim, têm contribuído para fomentar a participação feminina como forma de promoção de motivação intrínseca e ampliação das chances de adesão e aderência das alunas para a prática de atividade física ao longo da vida. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa com triangulação de métodos, a partir de dados dos quadros estatísticos dos JEESP, num recorte dos últimos cinco anos (2015-2019), com análise de contexto de educação física e qualidade educacional e, o impacto na promoção da motivação intrínseca. Os resultados mostraram: a) uma participação inferior das meninas em relação aos meninos em todas as modalidades nos cinco anos; b) redução gradual da participação feminina ao longo dos anos; c) aumento da participação feminina em modalidades individuais em situações de extrema diminuição do número de participantes totais na categoria; d) aumento da participação feminina ao longo dos anos em modalidades coletivas futsal e handebol. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que: i) o Estado necessita de uma política de promoção de atividade física às alunas da rede pública de forma mais efetiva e a ser promovida em progressão longitudinal para vencer as barreiras enfrentadas; ii) de acordo com os resultados novas investigações precisam ser realizadas para avaliar os motivos para a possível perda de interesse das alunas e/ou de professores(as) de educação física escolar-EFE em participar das competições escolares nas diversas modalidades; iii) os JEESP não têm funcionado como ação de política pública para a promoção de motivação intrínseca das alunas para a prática de atividade física na fase adulta.
Marketing, congestion, and demarketing in Utah’s National Parks

Utah’s Mighty 5 ad campaign was designed to attract out-of-state visitors to southern Utah’s five National Parks (NPs). Using the synthetic control method, we find the campaign to have contributed to rapid visitation growth at Arches, Canyonlands, and Capitol Reef NPs. No ad campaign effect was found for Bryce Canyon and Zion NPs, which implies that recent increased visitation at these parks has been driven by the national trends and not the Mighty 5 promotion. Arches, Bryce Canyon, and Zion currently suffer from excess demand (congestion), and the US National Park Service is actively engaged in visitor management efforts to mitigate the environmental pressures associated with overvisitation. The state has responded to congestion by crafting a new “demarketing” campaign to provide a more tailored tourism experience aimed at increasing the value of a visit and diverting potential tourists to high-quality alternative sites selected to match visitor interests.
The AD1835 eruption at Robinson Crusoe Island discredited: Geological and historical evidence

A submarine eruption in Cumberland Bay, Robinson Crusoe Island, was reported by Thomas Sutcliffe, the former British Governor, shortly after the earthquake that struck the coast of Chile on 20 February 1835. This episode was described by Charles Darwin in his Voyage of the Beagle and extensive mention has been made since then, especially stimulated by a renowned painting by J.M. Rugendas. Because of the apparent causal relation, this event has also been widely cited as an example of remote tectonically triggered eruption. However, there are inconsistencies that pose doubts about the actual occurrence of an eruption. Here we present evidence against the hypothetical eruption based on both the absence of any geological evidence and a reinterpretation of the historical accounts. We first observe that no bathymetric anomaly is present immediately below the place of the depicted ‘eruptive column’. We also note the absence of any deposit or recent volcano morphology and then unravel some incompatibility between the expected volcanological parameters and the featured column. In addition, we analyse the historical records and conclude that they are compatible with a tsunami entering the bay. By means of numerical simulations we further demonstrate that the accounts well match with the expected behaviour of a distant earthquake-triggered tsunami. We infer that some tsunami-related processes (sound waves, rockfalls, lightning) may have been misunderstood at that time. The latter corresponds to the current knowledge of natural processes but also could have been deliberatively amplified in Sutcliffe’s report. Our multidisciplinary approach provides full consistent geographical evidence of a fact that did not happen. This finding is relevant from the hazard’s perspective, but also for the science of earthquakes and eruptions, or the knowledge of processes that control the late secondary volcanism at oceanic islands and seamounts.
Stacked multicell converter (SMC): properties and design

We present in this paper a new topology of multilevel converter allowing an increase of input voltage level compared with the imbricated cells converter, while decreasing the stored energy in the converter. This new topology called SMC (stacked multicell converter) consists of a hybrid association of commutation cell making it possible to share the voltage constraint on several switches, and also to improve the output waveforms of the converter in terms of number of levels and switching frequency. After the introduction, the second part is devoted to the presentation of the topology. We give some explanation about the control of the SMC converter, and give some basics design properties for the SMC topology. Some simulation and experimental results obtained on a 50 kVA experimental set-up are presented.
Infected or informed? Social structure and the simultaneous transmission of information and infectious disease

Social interactions present opportunities for both information and infection to spread through populations. Social learning is often proposed as a key benefit of sociality, while disease epidemics are proposed as a major cost. Multiple empirical and theoretical studies have demonstrated the importance of social structure for either information or infectious disease, but rarely in combination. We provide an overview of relevant empirical studies, discuss differences in the transmission processes of infection and information, and review how these processes have been modelled. Finally, we highlight ways in which animal social network structure and dynamics might mediate the trade-off between the sharing of information and infection. We reveal how modular social network structures can promote the spread of information and mitigate against the spread of infection relative to other network structures. We discuss how the maintenance of long-term social bonds, clustering of social contacts in time, and adaptive plasticity in behavioural interactions, all play important roles in influencing the transmission of information and infection. We provide novel hypotheses and suggest new directions for research that quantifies the transmission of information and infection simultaneously across different network structures to help tease apart their influence on the evolution of social behaviour.