Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2.2: Culture and the Sociological Perspective

As this evidence on kissing suggests, what seems to us a very natural, even instinctual act turns out not to be so natural and biological after all. Instead, kissing seems best understood as something we learn to enjoy from our culture, or the symbols, language, beliefs, values, and artifacts (material objects) that are part of a society. Because society, as defined previously refers to a group of people who live in a defined territory and who share a culture, it is obvious that culture is a critical component of any society.
Program 2 Tutor : Combining Automatic Curriculum Generation with Multi-Armed Bandits for Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Tutoring systems can present material in a curriculum to help students reach mastery on a set of related topics. For a domain, determining how the topics are related and designing accurate statistical models of student learning is a complex process that often involves significant time and expertise. Automating more of this process could extend the reach and impact of intelligent tutoring systems. Prior work has shown how a prerequisite structure or knowledge graph of the related material can be automatically constructed given an algorithmic representation of the underlying material. Other work has shown how to automatically progress a student through a knowledge graph with minimal assumptions about a model of the underlying student learning process. We present preliminary work on uniting these two ideas in the domain of addition. We also include a novel approach for identifying the initial background knowledge of the learner. Our early results using simulated students suggest that this approach better tailors the number and kinds of problems proposed to students in order to master all associated topics compared to non-adaptive, hand designed curricula.
Incremental analysis of programs

Algorithms used to determine the control and data flow properties of computer programs are generally designed for one-time analysis of an entire new input. Application of such algorithms when the input is only slightly modified results in an inefficient system. In this thesis a set of incremental update algorithms are presented for data flow analysis. These algorithms update the solution from a previous analysis to reflect changes in the program. Thus, extensive reanalysis of programs after each program modification can be avoided. The incremental update algorithms presented for global flow analysis are based on Hecht/Ullman iterative algorithms. Banning's interprocedural data flow analysis algorithms form the basis for the incremental interprocedural algorithms.
Updating Supersenses in the Preposition Pattern Dictionary

One ﬁeld in the Pattern Dictionary of English Prepositions (PDEP) is used to characterize supersenses. Schneider et al. (2015, 2016) proposed in PrepWiki (henceforth “v1”) a supersense inventory of 75 categories proposed for English for adpositions for use in a corpus. Hwang et al. (2017b) have developed a new “v2” inventory of 50 categories and have been using it to annotate the same corpus. This paper describes the procedures to map “v1” to “v2”.
A self-organizing neural network for image segmentation

A new method is proposed for multiscale image segmentation. The method is based on pixel classification by means of a self organizing neural network. The core concept of this processing method is to explicitly treat segmentation as a classification problem. An unsupervised learning algorithm is utilized in the processing. Compared with other segmentation methods, the proposed one has a number of desirable features. It is self adaptive, efficient, and easy to control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through several experiments. <<ETX>>
A Hybrid Content Based Image Retrieval for Classification of Mammograms

-Mammogram, a breast X-ray is the most effective, low cost, and reliable method for early detection of breast cancer. Cancer can be detected by classifying mammogram image into normal, benign and malignant class. This paper proposes an approach to develop a computer-aided classification system for cancer detection using Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM). The proposed method hybridizes texture feature extraction with a meta-heuristic, Genetic Algorithm, in the selection of optimal features for the mammogram classification. This technique provides more accuracy by data reduction in terms of feature selection and reduced time to classify the image.
Sphaeranthus indicus LinnA Phytopharmacological review

The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medicinal practitioners for curing various diseases in their day to day practice. In traditional system of medicine, different parts (Leaves, stem, flower, seeds and even whole plant) of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn have been used to treat various diseases. It has also been suggested to possess recommended as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsion, antipyretic, psychotropic, anti diarrhoeal activity. According to ayurveda it is used laxative, digestible tonic, and as anthelmintic. The active constituents present in Sphaeranthus indicus L. have been found to be largely responsible for the therapeutic potentials. The pharmacological studies reported in the present review confirm the therapeutic value of Sphaeranthus indicus L. The results of the above studies support the use of this plant for human and animal disease therapy and reinforce the importance of the ethno botanical approach as a potential source of bioactive substances.
A new genus and species of lutjanid fish ( Perciformes ) from the Eocene of Bolca , Northern Italy

A new genus and species of lutjanid fish (Perciformes, Percoidei), Lessinia horrenda, is described based on a single skeleton from the Eocene locality of Bolca in northern Italy. An additional specimen from the same locality is identified as Lessinia sp. In comparison with other lutjanids from Bolca, the new genus has a smaller mouth and weaker dentition. The new taxon extends the list of Bolca snappers known to date to five or six species and four genera.
Propofol Use in Children : Weighing the Benefit and Risk

ropofol (2,6,-diisopropylphenol) has gained considerable favor as a sedativehypnotic since its release in the United States in 1989. It offers the advantages of a quick onset of action, quick recovery once discontinued, and a low incidence of nausea and vomiting. Although licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for use in children greater than 3 years of age only in the surgical setting, many pediatric practitioners have incorporated propofol into procedural sedation regimens and in the intensive care setting. This issue of Pediatric Pharmacotherapy will provide a brief review of propofol and the data published on its efficacy and safety in the pediatric population.
Choices of Food after Total Laryngectomy

Background: Management of laryngeal cancer by total laryngectomy resulted in alteration of pharyngeal anatomy and physiology and with combined radiation makes it more difficult for food bolus to pass through pharynx and upper esophagus. The purpose of this study is to identify the choice of Thai food, which has variety of texture that laryngectomies could eat at different period of treatment. Ability to eat chili hot food is also studied. Method: Prospective comparison choice of food types is done from preoperative and to 1,3 and 6 months post-operative period using questionnaire. Thai food were classified by texture into 7 types as clear liquid, thick liquid, soft, semisolid, sticky, hard, and hard and dry food. Ability to eat chili hot food is compared between preoperative period and at 6 months after operation. Results: Seventeen patients with uncomplicated total laryngectomy were enrolled. The patients could eat type 1-3 food (clear liquid, thick liquid and soft food) well at all time. For the rest of food types, the laryngectomies had more difficulty eating them. Sticky food is the most difficult to eat after total laryngectomy and radiation. Both hard food and hard and dry food were difficult for the patients but less than sticky food. The worst time of eating difficulty was at 3 months. At 6 months after surgery, 76.5% of patients who could eat semisolid food, which is the common food in daily life, without difficulties. This was the same as before treatment. Patients who could not eat sticky food, hard food and hard and dry food at all were 52.95%, 29.4% and 41.2% respectively. Approximately half of the patients (9/17) could eat hot food at 6 months after the operation although all of them could eat it before having cancer. Conclusion: The result can be used for preoperative counseling on possible types of food at different period of treatment. To improve the eating satisfaction and life quality, the patients should be instructed to try all types of food, especially after complete healing from surgery and radiation.
Ovarian Reserve Tests in Pre-conceptual Healthy Women

Women’s fertility declines with age. The worldwide trend of delaying childbirth has led to more women facing fertility problems at the time they wish to conceive. There are various ultrasound and biochemical markers available for ovarian reserve testing. The common markers are antral follicle count, follicle-stimulating hormone, and antiMullerian hormone. Tests for these markers have their own strengths and limitations. Clinical application of ovarian reserve tests in predicting fertility in pre-conceptual healthy women remains controversial. Clinicians should be cautious when applying and interpreting these ovarian reserve tests for fertility prediction in pre-conceptual women.
A New Architecture of Automatic Question Answering System using Ontology

answering system (QAS) consists of three modules question processing, document processing and answer processing. Question processing is the main module of QAS. If it doesn't work properly, it causes problem for the whole system. A further answer processing module is a spring up the topic in Question Answering. These systems are often required to rank and validate candidate answers. These modules are finding the exact answer of given query by the user. In this paper, we have discussed a new model for question answering system which is find exact answer and improved their module. Keywordsprocessing, Document processing, Answer processing, Sentence extraction algorithm, NER algorithm, and Question generation algorithm.
Condition monitoring of a computed tomography system without dedicated master workpiece

The condition of a computed tomography (CT) system must be monitored on a regular basis to continuously ensure the validity of the measurement results. The challenge is to mi nimize undetected and unwanted error sources with reasonable effort. The presented approach is to stat istically evaluate the raw data of the measurements performed in normal operation mode for anomalies. Thi s allows to save valuable machine time as fewer or even no measurements of a dedicated master w orkpi ce are needed, but also introduces new requirements for the evaluation algorithm: as there is no prior knowledge about the exact geometry of the measured parts in normal operation mode, it is difficult to differentiate whether a detected anomaly is induced by a change of the CT systems conditi on r merely by variations of the geometrical properties of the parts examined. To address this issue, statistical measures that are mostly not affected by the geometry of the scanned part are used to m onitor the condition of the CT system. Sophisticated quality measures, which analyze the v olume date at the surface of the measured part, are particularly suitable for this. First exa minations of this approach for dimensional measurements show promising results regarding the ability to separate the eff c s of CT system changes from those induced by variations of the measured objects, potentiall y enabling a timeand cost-efficient monitoring scheme.
Magnetic junctions using a Cu ( In 0 . 8 Ga 0 . 2 ) Se 2 semiconductor spacer and Co 2 Fe ( Ga 0 . 5 Ge 0 . 5 ) electrodes for low-resistance devices

Recently, the capability of MgAl2O4 tunnel barrier in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) has been investigated for future non-volatile magnetoresistive memory applications. To date, large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios exceeding 300% at room temperature (RT) were achieved in MgAl2O4-MTJs using a post-oxidation of an Mg-Al alloy layer [1]. However, the chemical inhomogeneity and interface roughness of the post-oxidized MgAl2O4 barriers have hindered the achievement of large TMR ratios for thinner barriers. In this study, we report very flat MgAl2O4 barrier interfaces with few misfit dislocations in Fe/MgAl2O4/Fe MTJs prepared by direct sputtering of a sintered MgAl2O4 target [2]. The MTJs with the following structure were prepared using a magnetron sputtering system: MgO(001) substrate/Cr (40)/Fe (100)/MgAl/MgAl2O4/Fe (7)/IrMn (12)/Ru (10), units in nm. The MgAl2O4 barrier was deposited using RF sputtering and was subsequently post-annealed at 500°C to improve the crystalline quality. The ultra-thin MgAl layer was inserted to tune the interface state. An annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) image shows the excellent quality of the barrier and perfect lattice-matched interfaces with the Fe electrodes (Fig. 1 (a)). The formation of the cation-disorder MgAl2O4 structure needed for high TMR ratios [1] was confirmed by the nano-electron beam diffraction (NBD) (inset of Fig. 1 (a)). A large TMR ratio of 245% at RT was observed, which exceeds those of epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe (~180%) [3] and Fe/post-oxidized MgAl2O4/Fe (~212%) MTJs [4], and reflected the coherent tunneling through the half-metallic Fe-Δ1 band. The bias voltage dependence of TMR (Fig. 1 (b)) shows that the TMR drops to the half of its zero-bias value at +1.2 V and 1.0 V, which are about two times larger than that of the MgO-based MTJs [5] and is similar to the post-oxidized MgAl2O4-based MTJs [4]. This is attributed to the high quality of the MgAl2O4 barrier with few misfit dislocations due to the perfect lattice matching with an Fe electrode. These results reveal that the direct sputtering is an alternative way for achieving high performance spinel barrier-based MTJs with uniform thin MgAl2O4 tunnel barriers. This work was partly supported by ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation. References: [1] H. Sukegawa et al., Phys. Rev. B 86, 184401 (2012). [2] M. Belmoubarik et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 132404 (2016). [3] S. Yuasa et al., Nat. Mater. 3, 868 (2004). [4] H. Sukegawa et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 092403 (2014). [5] W. Wang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 182502 (2009). Fig. 1. (a) ADF-STEM image of an Fe/MgAl2O4 (2.10 nm)/Fe MTJ. (b) Bias voltage dependence of TMR ratio of an Fe/MgAl2O4 (1.86 nm)/Fe MTJ at RT. Inset of (a) is the NBD pattern of the barrier. 6aA 1
Life history traits of a Turkish population of the Yellow-bellied Toad , Bombina variegata ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) ( anura : Bombinatoridae )

Life history traits of the Yellow-bellied Toad, Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758), were studied in a population from enez (edirne, Turkey) applying skeletochronological techniques to phalangeal bones. in the adult sample (21 males and 22 females) age ranged from two to eight ( = 4.35) years. The age at sexual maturity was one to two years. There was a positive correlation between body size and age for both sexes. sexual size dimorphism was weakly expressed by the slightly bigger snout-vent-length of the females (sdi = 0.04). The growth coefficient (k) was bigger in males than females (k ± Confidence interval; males: 0.47 ± 0.05, females: 0.34 ± 0.02). There was no difference in growth rate between sexes. The non-significant difference in the size of male and female individuals from enez may be related to similar longevity, age at maturity and growth rates of both sexes.
Common Endothelial Progenitor Cell Assays Identify Discrete EPC Populations

Background—Multiple measures of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been described, but there has been limited study of the comparability of these assays. We sought to determine the reproducibility of and correlation between alternative EPC assay methodologies. Methods—We simultaneously assessed EPC numbers in 140 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization using the two most commonly used culture techniques: endothelial cell outgrowth and colony forming unit outgrowth (CFUs). In the final 77 patients, EPCs were also identified on the basis of cell surface marker expression (CD133, CD34, and VEGFR-2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Results—EPC enumeration based on flow cytometry (FACS) was more precise than culture assays. There was limited correlation between EPC numbers determined using the two common culture based assays; however, endothelial CFUs correlated with VEGFR-2 and CD34/VEGFR-2 expressing cells. EPCs defined by expression of CD133, CD34, CD133/CD34, and ALDH activity correlated with each other, but not with VEGFR-2+ cells. Conclusions—EPCs can be broadly classified into two classes: VEGFR-2 expressing cells which give rise to endothelial CFUs, and CD133/CD34 or ALDHbr cells. These observations underscore the need for better assay standardization and a more precise definition of EPCs in cell therapy research.
A Systemic and Holistic Approach towards Workplace Equality . How can organizations create effective equality and diversity interventions ? Stream : The Movements and Moments of Organizational Change

As the composition of the labour force becomes more heterogeneous due to demographic developments and globalization, working organizations have increasing confrontations with cultural diversity as individual level encounters, with internal and external clients. On an organizational level, managing diversity will be challenged, on the grounds of future uncertainty, to utilize the capabilities of all of the labour force to be able to cope with the changes. The increasing cultural multiplicity therefore, will, sooner or later demand a higher commitment to diversity either by any or all of the following: adjusting existing practises, policies, structures, changing attitudes, perceptions, the behaviour of people or by transforming power relations. The aim of the study is to find out how increasing cultural diversity affects the preparedness of organisations and the competencies of its members to promote equality. It is proposed that until cultural diversity, from the organizational or from the individual point of view, is not seen as an uncertainty factor, the commitment to it stays at a low level. The study approaches an organization as a social construction of processes, structures, meanings and power as organizational sub-systems. If cultural diversity is considered to cause uncertainty, each of the sub-systems is crucial in promoting the management of workplace and service equality and the identified choices in sub-systems offer a responsible and holistic basis for change interventions. With the help of qualitative studies (an action research and a longitudinal multiple case study), the kinds of changes required in a transformation towards equality in human resource management (HRM) and in customer service were explored. The results obtained indicate that cultural diversity caused uncertainty and provided evidence of the significance of the sub-systems. The study reveals that the commitment to equality is dependent on both the organizations’ and its members’ perspective to diversity and willingness or ability to change its own measures. The outcome will assist practitioners in developing and implementing interventions in managing increasing diversity and in enhancing workplace and service equality.
Criticality avoidance routing in dynamic wavelength-routed optical networks

This paper solves the problem of path selection for WDM mesh networks with a special focus on the implementation in middle-sized networks, such as metropolitan-area networks (MANs). A novel routing and signaling protocol, called asynchronous criticality avoidance (ACA), is proposed to improve the network performance. With the ACA protocol, a specific set of wavelength channels are defined as "critical links" between a node pair according to dynamic link-state. The critical links and the associated link-states are also called criticality information, which are coordinated and disseminated by each source node to every other destination node as an inter-arrival planning. Routing and wavelength assignment is initiated and performed at the corresponding destination node, in which a criticality avoidance mechanism is devised to take the criticality information into consideration. Simulation is conducted in 22- and 30-node networks to examine the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the ACA protocol significantly outperforms the fixed-path least-congested (FPLC) and adaptive dynamic routing (ADR) schemes under the fixed alternate routing architecture. We conclude that the proposed ACA protocol can effectively reduce the resource fragmentation in wavelength-routed WDM networks without wavelength conversion.
On the Vulnerability of Behaviour-based Malware Detection Methods

Malwares can be detected by their malicious behaviours. Most malware analysis approaches are based on behavioural detection methods. Malware behaviour known by its sequences of API calls. There are three approaches to hook API calls: kernel hooking, user hooking and Filter Drivers. Most of anti-malware tools use kernel hooking for intercepting and logging API calls. In this article, a Shadow System Call approach is discussed which could hide malware’s system calls. We use vulnerabilities concerning behaviour based malware detection methods. The problem in API interception is to keep the logs of the sequence of API calls. By taking the advantage of this problem, we have made it possible to disable behavioural analysis of well-known malware detectors -such as Norton, ESET, Bitdefender and Kasperskythrough stopping their API call interceptor and terminating their process by controlling the access to SSDT table and NtTerminate Process API.
A Compact Design of multiband antenna for wireless application

: A compact multiband antenna which can be applied to multiservice wireless application is proposed in this paper. The antenna is designed to cover both wiFi and wi-Max. A compact microstrip resonance cell (CMRC) low pass filter is to be designed to allow feeding the monopole antenna at wiFi frequency bands and also for isolating the monopole from the patch. It is built on Duroid 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 3.157mm. The design has to be fabricated by standard PCB and plated through hole technologies. This design will reduce the overall size of the antenna.