Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computationally measurable differences between speech and song

Automatic audio signal classification is one of the general research areas in which algorithms are developed to allow computer systems to understand and interact with the audio environment. Human utterance classification is a specific subset of audio signal classification in which the domain of audio signals is restricted to those likely to be encountered when interacting with humans. Speech recognition software performs classification in a domain restricted to human speech, but human utterances can also include singing, shouting, poetry and prosodic speech, for which current recognition engines are not designed. Another recent and relevant audio signal classification task is the discrimination between speech and music. Many radio stations have periods of speech (news, information reports, commercials) interspersed with periods of music, and systems have been designed to search for one type of sound in preference over another. Many of the current systems used to distinguish between speech and music use characteristics of the human voice, so such systems are not able to distinguish between speech and music when the music is an individual unaccompanied singer. This thesis presents research into the problem of human utterance classification, specifically differentiation between talking and singing. The question is addressed: “Are there measurable differences between the auditory waveforms produced by talking and singing? ” Preliminary background is presented to acquaint the reader with some of the science used in the algorithm development. A corpus of sounds was collected to study the physical and perceptual differences between singing and talking, and the procedures and results of this collection are presented. A set of 17 features is developed to differentiate between talking and singing, and to investigate the intermediate vocalizations between talking and singing. The results of these features are examined and evaluated.
Database Challenge: Single Schema Database Management Systems

Many data-intensive applications require high performance data management facilities but utilize only a small fraction of the power of a general-purpose database system. We believe single schema databases systems (SSDs), i.e., DBMSs that are designed to work only for a specific schema and a predeclared set of database operations, is a vital need of today''s software industry. The challenge is to create a technology for economically building high-performance SSDs. Research will need to combine results from object-oriented databases, persistent stores, module interconnection languages, openarchitecture systems, generic types (e.g, templates), and large scale software reuse.
Security for the Internet Protocol.

Abstract : Lack of widely available security is hindering the growth of the Internet, particularly for commercial users. Two security mechanisms have been designed for use with IPv4 and IPv6. They are an integral component of the IPv6 design but can also optionally work with IPv4. The fff St mechanism provides source host authentication and information integrity protection without confidentiality and should be exportable and widely deployable. The second mechanism protects the confidentiality of packet contents through the use of encryption. Both mechanisms are designed to be independent of any particular cryptographic algorithm so that new algorithms can be supported in the future without any change to the basic protocols.
Acquisition et exercice de la fonction masticatrice chez l'enfant et l'adolescent (2ème partie)

Dans son avant-propos, l'auteur rend hommage a notre confrere Planas† et precise que ses theses sont en accord avec nos conceptions les plus recentes concernant l'anatomo-physiologie et la biomecanique des effecteurs posturaux et moteurs de l'appareil manducateur. Dans cette premiere partie, les idees cardinales de Planas sont exposees puis l'etude se concentre sur les fonctions manducatrices anterieures au mâchonnement unilateral alterne, au cours de la vie intra-uterine, ensuite, de la naissance a l'apparition du mâchonnement unilateral alterne et enfin au cours de cette apparition.
Universe Type System for Scala

Scala combines the object-oriented and functional paradigms to an expressive programming language. It supports the creation of class hierarchies known from object-oriented languages like Java or C# and at the same time allows to model algebraic types through pattern matching, as found in many functional programming languages. The Universe type system applies the concept of ownership to Java-like languages and allows to control object modi cation and thereby maintain invariants. It does so by controlling aliasing without restricting it. This thesis presents an ownership type system for Scala and other Java-like programming languages. It combines support for type genericity with path-dependent types to extend the static expressiveness of the Universe type system.
Moving object detection for interception by a humanoid robot

Tazhibayeva, Saltanat B. M.S., Purdue University, May 2014. Moving Object Detection For Interception By A Humanoid Robot. Major Professor: Eric T. Matson. Interception of a moving object with an autonomous robot is an important problem in robotics. It has various application areas, such as in an industrial setting where products on a conveyor would be picked up by a robotic arm, in the military to halt intruders, in robotic soccer (where the robots try to get to the moving ball and try to block an opponent’s attempt to pass the ball), and in other challenging situations. Interception, in and of itself, is a complex task that demands a system with target recognition capability, proper navigation and actuation toward the moving target. There are numerous techniques for intercepting stationary targets and targets that move along a certain trajectory (linear, circular, and parabolic). However, much less research has been done for objects moving with an unknown and unpredictable trajectory, changing scale as well and having a different view point, where, additionally, the reference frame of the robot vision system is also dynamic. This study aims to find methods for object detection and tracking using vision system applicable for autonomous interception of a moving humanoid robot target by another humanoid robot. With the use of the implemented vision system, a robot is able to detect, track and intercept in a dynamic environment the moving target, taking into account the unique specifications of a humanoid robot, such as the kinematics of walking. The vision system combined object detection based on Haar/LBP feature classifiers trained on “Boosted Cascades” and target contour tracking using optical flow techniques. The constant updates during navigation helped to intercept the object moving with unpredicted trajectory.
CAPITALISATION ET TRAITEMENT DES MODELES POUR LA CONCEPTION EN GENIE ELECTRIQUE

Au cours de son activite de conception, l'ingenieur manipule de nombreux modeles mathematiques des dispositifs a concevoir, dimensionner et simuler. Aujourd'hui, le concepteur manipule souvent des modeles identiques pour des objectifs differents. Ceci implique une multiplication des modes de representation et pose des problemes de gestion de la ressource de modele au sein de l'entreprise. Les travaux presentes dans cette these apportent une reponse possible pour la capitalisation de cette expertise sous un format a-contcxtucl. La capitalisation ne prend de sens que si la donnee capitalisee est exploitable. Ceci impose de definir une orientation au modele par le choix de variables d'entrees ou sorties, de parametres. Ces choix permettent ensuite de determiner automatiquement un scenario de calcul numerique utilise pour generer un code dedie a l'outil utilise.
Java coding standards

Author: <Programmer’s name> Date: <Give date program is due. > Class: <Provide the course and section numbers> Assignment: <Provide the number of the assignment> Task: <Provide a simple, yet complete description of the task being performed by this program. > Input: <Tell what input is needed. Include any restrictions on the input. State the source of the input: keyboard or file. If input is from a file, give the file name, if required, and the format of the file. > Output: <Describe the results produced by the program. You do not need to mention prompts for input. >
Optimizations of List Matching in theAsf+Sdf Compiler

Acknowledgments I would like to thank Mark van den Brand for the initial subject of this thesis and his continuous scientiic and personal support. For numerous discussions and well advise, I thank Pieter Olivier and Coen Visser. I want to mention Chris Verhoef and Alex Sellink because they are great sources of inspiration. I honor my parents, Annelies and Fred Vinju, and my sister Krista for always supporting and loving me.
Audio music mood classification using support vector machine

The system submitted to the MIREX Audio Music Mood Classification task is described here. It uses a set of 133 descriptors and a Support Vector Machine classifier to predict the mood cluster. The features are spectral, temporal, tonal but also describe loudness and danceability. The features were selected previously according to experiments on our annotated databases. The SVM is optimized using a grid search algorithm.
Augmenting Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Rank Threshold Detection with Ontologies

Abstract : In an ever-increasing data rich environment, actionable information must be extracted, filtered, and correlated from massive amounts of disparate often free text sources. The usefulness of the retrieved information depends on how we accomplish these steps and present the most relevant information to the analyst. One method for extracting information from free text is Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a document categorization technique to classify documents into cohesive topics. Although LDA accounts for some implicit relationships such as synonymy (same meaning) it often ignores other semantic relationships such as polysemy (different meanings), hyponym (subordinate), meronym (part of), and troponomys (manner). To compensate for this de ciency, we incorporate explicit word ontologies, such as WordNet, into the LDA algorithm to account for various semantic relationships. Experiments over the 20 Newsgroups, NIPS, OHSUMED, and IED document collections demonstrate that incorporating such knowledge improves perplexity measure over LDA alone for given parameters.
What to Listen For in Rock: A Stylistic Analysis

In this concise and engaging analysis of rock music, music theorist Ken Stephenson explores the features that make this internationally popular music distinct from earlier music styles. The author offers a guided tour of rock music from the 1950s to the present, emphasizing the theoretical underpinnings of the style and, for the first time, systematically focusing not on rock music's history or sociology, but on the structural aspects of the music itself. What structures normally happen in rock music? What theoretical systems or models might best explain them? The book addresses these questions and more in chapters devoted to phrase rhythm, scales, key determination, cadences, harmonic palette and succession, and form. Each chapter provides richly detailed analyses of individual rock pieces from groups including Chicago; the Beatles; Emerson, Lake, and Palmer; Kansas; and others. Stephenson shows how rock music is stylistically unique, and he demonstrates how the features that make it distinct have tended to remain constant throughout the past half-century and within most substyles. For music students at the college level and for practicing rock musicians who desire a deeper understanding of their music, this book is an essential resource.
An Unsupervised Effective Algorithm for Whisper-Island Detection

Whisper island detection is a challenging research problem which has received little attention in the research community. Effective whisper island detection is the first step necessary to ensure engagement of effective subsequent speech processing steps to address mismatch between whisper and neutral speech production. In this paper we propose an effective approach for detecting whisper-islands embedded within normally phonated speech via BIC/T -BIC using a proposed 4-D feature set. Performance is assessed using our proposed Multi-Error Score(MES), which show that the new proposed algorithm achieves the lowest MES(11.51) to date and along with a perfect 100% correct whisper/neutral vocal effort labeling. The results show that we can correctly and precisely detect vocal effort change points(VECP) between whisper-islands and neutral speech as well as label the vocal effort of the whisper-island. The proposed feature is sensitive to the vocal effort change between whisper and neutral speech and is gender independent. The result suggests that the proposed algorithm is effective and precise for the whisper-island detection.
Theoretical equivalency and practical advantages of wavelet based paradigms in signal processing

This paper presents a rundown of the significance of utilizing wavelets as effective tools in processing speech signals for common multimedia applications in general, and for recognition and compression in particular. Theoretically and practically, wavelets have proved to be effective and competitive. First, we prove mathematically the equivalency of various linear time-invariant methods with that of the Wavelet Transform (WT) by considering the input of a general sinusoidal signal. The utilization of the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) in processing and analysis of speech is then presented along with explanations of how the human ear can be thought of as a natural wavelet transformer of speech. This generates a variety of approaches for applying the (CWT) to many paradigms analysing speech, sound and music. For perception, the flexibility of implementation of this transform, allows the construction of numerous scales and we include two of them. Results for speech recognition and speech compression are then included.
The Oxford Handbook of Membrane Computing

Part of the broader research field of natural computing, Membrane Computing is an area within computing science that aims to abstract computing ideas and models from the structure and functioning of living cells, as well as from the way the cells are organized in tissues or higher order structures. It studies models of computation (known as P systems) inspired by the biochemistry of cells, in particular by the role of membranes in the compartmentalization of living cells into "protected reactors". This handbook provides both a comprehensive survey of available knowledge and established research topics, and a guide to recent developments in the field, covering the subject from theory to applications. The handbook is suitable both for introducing novices to this area of research, and as a main source of reference for active researchers. It sets out the necessary biological and formal background, with the introductory chapter serving as a gentle introduction to and overview of membrane computing. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers in membrane computing, present the state of the art of all main research trends and include extensive bibliographies.
A System For Information Extraction And Intelligent Search Using Dynamically Acquired Background Knowledge

This paper presents a simple framework for extracting information found in publications or documents that are issued in large volumes and which cover similar concepts or issues within a given domain. The general aim of the work described, is to present a model for automatically augmenting segments of these documents with metadata using dynamically acquired background domain knowledge in order to assist users in easily locating information within these documents through a structured front end. To realize this goal, both document structure as well as dynamically acquired background knowledge, are utilized. A real life example where these ideas have been applied is also presented.
Bare and Accusative Marked Direct Objects in Aspectual Composition of Turkish

Bu calisma, gorunus kuramlarindaki (Krifka, 1989; Dowty, 1991; Tenny, 1994) savlarin tersine Turkcede artimli-konu yuklemlerinin (incremental theme predicates) nesneleri ciplak adobekleri (bare noun phrases) oldugunda, yuklemin anlattigi olayin hedefte-bitisli (telic) okunabilecegini; ayni tur yuklemlerin nesneleri durum ekli, sayilabilir adobekleri oldugunda, yuklemin anlattigi olayin hem hedefte-bitisli hem de hedefte-bitissiz (atelic) yorumlanabilecegini gostermektedir. Ayrica bu yazi, artimli konu yuklemlerinin hedefte-bitislilik yorumlarinda sadece dilsel araclari kullanmanin yeterli olmadigini, kullanimbilimsel, baglam ve dunya bilgisine dayali aciklamalarin gorunus yorumlarindaki yerini de tartismaktadir.
Microsoft .NET Remoting

From the Publisher: This title shows developers how to build Internet-based, distributed applications using Microsoft . NET Remoting, which enables powerful remote interaction among objects. A fundamental understanding of . NET Remoting is crucial as developers shift to developing distributed, Internet-based applications. Until recently, DCOM was the preferred method for developing distributed applications on Microsoft platforms. But as this book demonstrates, the . NET Remoting architecture is much easier to use and extend than DCOM. The book covers all aspects of . NET Remoting, including in-depth coverage of the . NET Remoting architecture plus concrete examples, best practices, and performance tips to show how to extend and customize the framework.
Web 2.0 Concepts, Social Software and Business Models

This article intends to provide an overview of the most prominent definitions, basic concepts and applications of the term Web 2.0. In addition to the seven principles outlined by O`Reilly, this article will investigate Anderson's long tail concept, issues of transparency and the effects of an interconnected user base on E-Business. Later, the focus will shift from the concepts of Web 2.0 towards the social software applications of this new Web era. Blogs, social network sites, wikis, folksonomies and virtual worlds will be explained and their (potential) relevance to E-Business will be outlined. The article closes with a brief discussion about the future research directions of Web 2.0 for successful E-Business.
Clustering approach based on feature weighting for recommendation system in movie domain

The advancement of the Internet has brought us into a world that represents a huge amount of information items such as movies, web pages, etc. with fluctuating quality. As a result of this massive world of items, people get confused and the question “Which one should I select? ” arises in their minds. Recommendation Systems address the problem of getting confused about items to choose, and filter a specific type of information with a specific information filtering technique that attempts to present information items that are likely of interest to the user. A variety of information filtering techniques have been proposed for performing recommendations, including contentbased and collaborative techniques which are the most commonly used approaches in recommendation systems. This dissertation introduces a new recommendation model, a feature weighting technique to cluster the user for recommendation top-n movies to avoid new user cold start and scalability problem. The distinctive point of this study lies in the methodology used to cluster the user and the methodology which is utilized to recommend movies to new users. The model makes it possible for the new users to define a weight for every feature of movie based on its importance to the new user in scale of one (with an increment of 0.1). By using these weights, it finds nearest cluster of users to the new user and suggests him the top-n movies (with the highest rate and most frequency) which are reviewed by users that are in the targeted cluster. Rating and Movie dataset were are used during this study. Firstly, purity and entropy are applied to evaluate the clusters and then precision, recall and F1 metrics are used to assess the recommendation system. Eventually, the results of accuracy testing of proposed model are compared with two traditional models (OPENMORE and Movie Magician Hybrid) and based on the evaluation the level of preciseness of the proposed model is more better than Movie Magician Hybrid but worse than OPENMORE.
Topological principles in cartography

CHARACTER OF A MAP A map may be described as a linear graph embedded in a orientable, two-dimen sional manifold. A manifold, aside from being a two-dimensional continuum, is locally flat, that is, each point of the manifold is contained in a neighborhood homeomorphic to a disk. A linear graph so embedded will, if it contains 1-circuits, delineate a number of simply connected domains. The collection of 0-cells and 1-cells of the graph, together with the 2-cells so delineated forms a two-dimensional complex, having the special property of local flatness. The structure of this two-dimensional complex is completely specified by a pair of relations among the cells. These are the oriented incidence relations between 0-cells and 1-cells, and those between 1-cells and 2-cells,, The local flatness condition implies that there is a form of symmetry, known as duality, between these two relations. A widely used model of this relational system, the DIME encoding, illustrates this symmetry in a perspicuous manner. This representation consists of a quadruple, or pair of ordered pairs of cell identifiers,
Ads — part of our lives: Linguistic awareness of powerful advertising

Abstract Introduction Advertising is a discourse that epitomizes ‘powerful’ language. Language is not only static, rigid and precise but also dynamic, volatile, fluid and malleable. These characteristics are primarily prominent in its social function, as language is used in various discourse types or genres. Language is particularly dynamic, and is malleable in its interplay with social systems in various discourse types, such as advertising. Such is the significance of the social function of language that Michel Foucault defines culture in terms of ‘orders of discourse’. 2 Therefore, it has come as no surprise that in recent years attention has shifted from what has been called ‘the scientific study of language‘ — the study of language within sentence boundaries — to the study of language as the raw material of a multiplicity of discourse types, such as literature, the news and advertising.