Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection and Classification of Head Movements in Face-to-Face Conversations

This paper presents an approach to automatic head movement detection and classification in data from a corpus of video-recorded face-to-face conversations in Danish involving 12 different speakers. A number of classifiers were trained with different combinations of visual, acoustic and word features and tested in a leave-one-out cross validation scenario. The visual movement features were extracted from the raw video data using OpenPose, and the acoustic ones using Praat. The best results were obtained by a Multilayer Perceptron classifier, which reached an average 0.68 F1 score across the 12 speakers for head movement detection, and 0.40 for head movement classification given four different classes. In both cases, the classifier outperformed a simple most frequent class baseline as well as a more advanced baseline only relying on velocity features.
Antiparkinsonian actions of a selective 5-HT1A agonist, tandospirone, in rats

Antiparkinsonian effects of tandospirone, a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, were evaluated using rat models of Parkinson's disease. Tandospirone reversed catalepsy induced by the D2 antagonist haloperidol, in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-cataleptic action of tandospirone was comparable to that of bromocriptine and greater than that of L-DOPA. In rats with unilateral dopaminergic lesion by 6-hydroxydopamine, tandospirone markedly induced contralateral rotation. Furthermore, tandospirone dose-dependently restored spontaneous locomotor activity in reserpine-treated rats. These antiparkinsonian effects of tandospirone were abolished by coadministration of WAY-100635, a selective 5-HT1A antagonist, but not by haloperidol. The present results suggest that tandospirone has a therapeutic potential in treating parkinsonian symptoms, which is brought about through activation of 5-HT1A receptor.
Revision of the Hydroporus nigellus complex (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) inciuding multivariate species separation

The six species assigned to the Holarctic nigellus complex of Hydroporus Clairville are revised, and a key is given to the separation of males. Species limits were studied biometrically, chiefly using body length, penis length and male protarsal width. Principal components analysis was used to combine size variables taken from samples throughout species ranges. The two Holarctic species H. geniculatus Thomson, 1854, and H. nigellus Mannerheim, 1853, are separated on tarsal width, with H. nigellus being circumboreal and H. geniculatus confined to NW Europe and NW North America. Of the four other species H. semenowi Jakowlew, 1897, is Palearctic, and H. despectus Sharp, 1882, H. tartaricus LeConte, 1850, and H. tenebrosus LeConte, 1850, are Nearctic. Lectotypes are designated for the following nominal species: Hydrocoptus obscuripes Motschulsky, 1860, Hydroporus caminarius Motschulsky, 1860, Hydroporus despectus Sharp, 1882, Hydroporus eugeniae Zaitzev, 1909, Hydroporus lugubris Motschulsky, 1845, Hydroporus melancholicus Motschulsky, 1860, Hydroporus opacus Wehncke, 1871, Hydroporus pyrenaeus Wehncke, 1871, Hydroporus rusticus Sharp, 1882, Hydroporus semenowi Jakowlew, 1897, and Hydroporus tartaricus LeConte, 1850. The following new synonymies are established: Hydroporus longitarsis J. Sahlberg, 1910, and Hydroporus afflatus Scholz, 1917 = Hydroporus semenowi Jakowlew, 1897; Hydrocoptus obscuripes Motschulsky, 1860, Hydroporus pyrenaeus Wehncke, 1871, Hydroporus bungei Zaitzev, 1910, and Hydroporus tungus Zaitzev, 1910 = Hydroporus nigellus Mannerheim, 1853; Hydroporus eugeniae Zaitzev, 1909 = Hydroporus elongatulus Sturm, 1835.
An Earley Algorithm for Generic Attribute Augmented Grammars and Applications

We describe an extension of Earley’s algorithm which computes the decoration of a shared forest in a generic domain. At tribute computations are defined by a morphism from leftmost derivations to the generic domain, which leaves the computations independent from (even if guided by) the parsing strategy. The approach is illustrated by the example of a definite clause grammar, seen as CF-grammars decorated by attributes.
ELIPs – Light‐induced stress proteins

Exposure of plants to light intensities higher than those required to saturate photosynthesis leads to a reduction in photosynthetic capacity. This effect is known as photoinhibition. Photoinhibition is followed by destruction of carotenoids, bleaching of chlorophylls and increased lipid peroxidation due to damage by oxygen-derivatives. The oxygen concentration in chloroplasts in the light is high because of oxygen production by photosystem II (PSII). This can result in the release of reactive intermediates of reduced dioxygen such as superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide or singlet oxygen. In order to maintain their normal function under light stress conditions, chloroplasts have developed multiple repair and protection systems. The induction of specific light stress proteins, the ELIPs (for early light-induced proteins) can be considered to be part of these protective responses. The accumulation of ELIPs under light stress conditions is correlated with the photoinactivation of PSII, degradation of the D 1 -protein of PSII reaction centre and changes in the level of pigments. Futher-more, the accumulation of ELIPs in the thylakoids is strictly controlled by the pigment content, especially by chlorophylls. Isolation of ELIPs in a native form and analysis of pigments bound to these proteins revealed that ELIPs can bind chlorophyll a and lutein. These data indicate that ELIPs might represent unique chlorophyll-binding proteins which have a transient function(s) during light stress. A transient 'pigment-carrier function is postulated for ELIPs.
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Anxiolytic Effect of Flowers of Salix aegyptiaca L . in Mouse Model of Anxiety

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of total extract of flowers of Salix aegyptiaca on the elevated plus-maze (EPM) model of anxiety. The extract of the flower parts of the plant was administered by i.p. and p.o. to male NMRI mice, at various doses. Oral and i.p. administration of the S. aegyptiaca significantly increased the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the EPM at 200 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The plant extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the animal's locomotor activity at 10 and 15 min time intervals. These doses, however, did not affect the ketamine-induced sleeping time. The 100 mg/kg dose of the plant extract when given by i.p. route seemed to be the optimal dose in producing the anxiolytic effects. Lack of interaction with ketamine in increasing the sleep time is an advantage over diazepam which is water down by its reduction in locomotor activity.
SPACES, BARRIERS, AND ION CARRIERS: ION ABSORPTION BY PLANTS'

EPSTEIN, EMANUEL. (U. California, Davis.) Spaces, barriers, and ion carriers: ion absorption by plants. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(5): 393-399. 1960. -Ions from the external medium initially invade "outer" or "free" spaces of plant cells and tissues, by diffusion and ion exchange. This process is essentially non-metabolic and non-selective. and is readily reversible. The spaces accessible in this manner seem to be confined to the cell walls. From here, ions are selectively transported into "inner" spaces separated from the "outer" space by diffusion barriers. Ion carriers accomplish the selective transfer of the ions across the barriers or membranes, first into the cytoplasm and thence into the vacuole. The second step, into the vacuole, can be by-passed by those ions moving into the xylem elements and up to the shoot, and some transport to the shoot may skirt the active transport mechanisms entirely. LIFE first evolved in the ocean, and the ocean remains the abode of by far the greatest portion of existing plant life. And yet at first blush it seems singularly unfit for this role as the world's prime nutrient solution. This solution is 0.49 M in respect to sodium chloride, of which one element, sodium, is yet not known to be generally required for plant life, and the other, chloride, is required in very small amounts. By contrast potassium, needed by green plants in relatively large amounts, is present in the ocean at a concentration of only 0.012 M. The overall salt concentration of the ocean is such as would severely inhibit many enzyme reactions. At the same time, the high concentration of this solution tends to deprive cells immersed in it of waterthe universal medium in which the multi-enzyme systems of living things must operate. Oceanic plants, then, exist in a culture solution
Frequent cultivation prior to planting to prevent weed competition results in an opportunity for the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum

Abstract Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a potentially useful tool in agricultural systems with limited options regarding use of synthetic chemicals for fertility and pest control. We tested the response of Allium porrum cv. Lancelot to inoculation with AM fungi in a field high in available P (169 μg g−1 soil) that had been repeatedly cultivated to control weeds. Seedlings were inoculated during the greenhouse production period with a mixed species inoculum produced on-farm in a compost and vermiculite medium with Paspalum notatum Flugge as a nurse host. Inoculated and uninoculated seedlings were the same size at outplanting. Inoculated seedlings were over 2.5-fold greater in shoot weight and shoot P content than uninoculated seedlings at harvest. These results demonstrate the potential yield benefits from inoculation with AM fungi in situations where farm management practices may negatively impact on indigenous populations of AM fungi.
The Little Prince in 26 Languages: Towards a Multilingual Neuro-Cognitive Corpus

We present the Le Petit Prince Corpus (LPPC), a multi-lingual resource for research in (computational) psycho- and neurolinguistics. The corpus consists of the children’s story The Little Prince in 26 languages. The dataset is in the process of being built using state-of-the-art methods for speech and language processing and electroencephalography (EEG). The planned release of LPPC dataset will include raw text annotated with dependency graphs in the Universal Dependencies standard, a near-natural-sounding synthetic spoken subset as well as EEG recordings. We will use this corpus for conducting neurolinguistic studies that generalize across a wide range of languages, overcoming typological constraints to traditional approaches. The planned release of the LPPC combines linguistic and EEG data for many languages using fully automatic methods, and thus constitutes a readily extendable resource that supports cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary research.
A Cross-Country View on South-North Migration and Trade: Dissecting the Channels

We explore the nexus between South-North migration and trade in a cross-country framework over the period 1990-2005. In addition to the relatively unexploited cross-country framework, our main contribution resides in the search for heterogeneous responses of trade to migration according to different goods typologies. Besides the usual distinction between homogeneous and differentiated products dictated by the information channel, we also investigate the effects of migration on trade in primary and final goods and in labor- and capital-intensive goods with the aim of assessing the preference and technology channels as well. Our results show that, as expected, migration enhances the import of primary and final goods (preference channel) and the export of differentiated, low elasticity of substitution goods (information channel). However, there is some evidence that the increase in the presence of migrants from the South enhances the export of labor-intensive goods (technology channel).
Sagitta setosa predation on Calanus helgolandicus in the English Channel

We used a long-term monitoring data set at station L4 (1988–2004), Western English Channel, to assess the predation pressure by the chaetognath Sagitta setosa on the copepod Calanus helgolandicus. Maximum abundances of Calanus helgolandicus are correlated with years when Sagitta setosa and the Siphonophore, Muggiae atlantica, abundances are low, between February and June. As a significant correlation does not necessarily imply a prey–predator interaction, we analysed the gut content of S. setosa to investigate the presence or absence of Calanus helgolandicus in the chaetognath diet. Molecular analysis of the gut content of three Sagitta each month during a year shows that C. helgolandicus is present in the diet of S. setosa throughout the year. Estimates of S. setosa minimal predation pressure suggest that up to 19% of the C. helgolandicus population can be removed. Peaks of S. setosa follow peaks of Calanus helgolandicus total egg production. We suggest that S. setosa is an important predator of C. helgolandicus at station L4 and might be an important influence on its population dynamics.
Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction of the Stomatal Complex in Pinus canariensis Needles Using Serial Sections

: The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the stomata in leaves of Pinus canariensis is described with respect to the spatial arrangement of guard cells, subsidiary cells, polar and lateral cells. Serial semi-thin sections of the stomatal apparatus were digitally reconstructed and analysed with regard to the position, shape and size of the cell types involved. The stomatal complex consists of 16 cells with uniquely shaped polar and lateral cells. The polar cells form a kind of roof above the epistomatal chamber thereby reducing the surface aperture. The structural features of the stomatal complex differ from other Pinus species and are presumed to be an adaptation to extreme environmental conditions.
Acid Production and Curd Toughness in Milks of Different αs1-Casein Types

Abstract Skimmilks differing in α s1 -casein type were inoculated with starter and renneted. Time to reach pH 5.0 and 4.8 was recorded and toughness of the curd was measured at both pH's. Nine Holstein cows of the following phenotypes were used: 1 A, 3 AB, 3 B, and 2 BC. Numbers were limited by the rarity of the A and C types. Milk from cows of the same type was pooled. The study was repeated eight times over a period of four weeks. Analyses of covariance were done with SNF per cent as the independent variable. The A milk was significantly slower than B and BC in reaching pH 4.8 (P α s1 -casein A was involved, while C was associated with toughness. Adjusted means, in grams of force to cut the curd, were: pH 5.0, A 1, AB 19, B 23, BC 119; pH 4.8, A 5, AB 55, B 81, BC 128. The grams of separator slime per 454g of milk separated also were recorded. Adjusted means were BC . 08, B . 13, AB . 21, A . 47. All differences between types were highly significant. Results on a few animals indicate that type of α s1 -casein may be of practical importance in some dairy manufacturing operations.
Acute Toxicity of Fire-Control Chemicals, Nitrogenous Chemicals, and Surfactants to Rainbow Trout

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the acute toxicity of three ammonia-based fire retardants (Fire-Trol LCA-F, Fire-Trol LCM-R, and Phos-Chek 259F), five surfactant-based fire-suppressant foams (FireFoam 103B, FireFoam 104, Fire Quench, For Expan S, and Pyrocap B-136), three nitrogenous chemicals (ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite), and two anionic surfactants (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate [LAS] and sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) to juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in soft water. The descending rank order of toxicity (96-h concentration lethal to 50% of test organisms [96-h LC50]) for the fire retardants was as follows: Phos-Chek 259F (168 mg/L) > Fire-Trol LCA-F (942 mg/L) = Fire-Trol LCM-R (1,141 mg/L). The descending rank order of toxicity for the foams was as follows: FireFoam 103B (12.2 mg/L) = FireFoam 104 (13.0 mg/L) > For Expan S (21.8 mg/L) > Fire Quench (39.0 mg/L) > Pyrocap B-136 (156 mg/L). Except for Pyrocap B-136, the foams were more toxic than the fire retardants.
Chlamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by an obligate intracellular bacteria. It is the most common bacterial STI in the UK, with highest prevalence among 16–25-year-olds, with incidence rates up to 10%. Public health campaigns like the Chlamydia Screening Programme in the UK, have helped to increase testing rates within this age group. Concordance of infection between couples is 75%, reduced to 40% by consistent condom use. This chapter discusses aetiology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostics, and management of adults with anogenital and extragenital chlamydia. Partner notification is a key part of management. Management in pregnancy and neonates is also included.
Determinants of Currency Crises in Emerging Markets: The Case of Turkey

This paper investigates possible determinants of currency crises in Turkey. We use three different techniques—namely, the signaling approach, structural model, and Markov switching model with monthly data for the period 1992-2004. The results show that money market pressure index, real-sector confidence index, and public-sector variables are significant in explaining currency crises. Hence, one can say that banking crises lead to currency crises. Central banks' real-sector confidence index may be a good leading indicator for currency crises.
Explanation Generation for a Math Word Problem Solver

Background Machine Reading (MR) aims to make the knowledge contained in the text available in forms that machines can use them for automated processing. That is, machines will learn to read from a few examples and they will read to learn what they need in order to answer questions or perform some reasoning task [1]. Since a domain-independent MR system is difficult to build, the Math Word Problem (MWP) [2] is frequently chosen as the first test case to study MR. The main reason for that is that MWP not only has less complicated syntax but also requires less amount of domain knowledge. The architecture of our proposed approach [3] is shown in Figure 1. First, every sentence in the MWP, including both body text and the question text, is analyzed by the Language Analysis module, which transforms each sentence into its corresponding semantic representation tree. The sequence of semantic representation trees is then sent to the Problem Resolution module, which adopts logic inference approach, to obtain the answer of each question in the MWP. Finally, the Explanation Generation (EG) module will explain how the answer is found (in natural language text) according to the given reasoning chain [4] (which includes all related logic statements and inference steps to reach the answer).
Improve Parsing Performance by Self-Learning

There are many methods to improve performances of statistical parsers. Among them, resolving structural ambiguities is a major task. In our approach, the parser produces a set of n -best trees based on a feature-extended PCFG grammar and then selects the best tree structure based on association strengths of dependency word-pairs. However, there is no sufficiently large Treebank producing reliable statistical distributions of all word-pairs. This paper aims to provide a self-learning method to resolve the problems. The word association strengths were automatically extracted and learned by parsing a giga-word corpus. Although the automatically learned word associations were not perfect, the built structure evaluation model improved the bracketed f -score from 83.09% to 86.59%. We believe that the above iterative learning processes can improve parsing performances automatically by learning word-dependence knowledge continuously from web.
A 3D Role-Playing Game for Abusive Language Annotation

Gamification has been applied to many linguistic annotation tasks, as an alternative to crowdsourcing platforms to collect annotated data in an inexpensive way. However, we think that still much has to be explored. Games with a Purpose (GWAPs) tend to lack important elements that we commonly see in commercial games, such as 2D and 3D worlds or a story. Making GWAPs more similar to full-fledged video games in order to involve users more easily and increase dissemination is a demanding yet interesting ground to explore. In this paper we present a 3D role-playing game for abusive language annotation that is currently under development.
On the Mechanical Implications of the Avian Skull and Their Bearing on the Evolution and Classification of Birds

Preliminary investigations dealing with the relationship existing between the morphology of the bird's skull and its kinetic possibilities, appear to show that the thecodont ancestors of Birds, as well as Archaeopteryx were almost certainly akinetic. Kinetism developed early, but at least in some measure independently in the various avian orders. The amount of kinetic movement possible appears to be related to several morphological features, such as the structure of the palate, the relationship of the pterygoid and the braincase, the development of the ossification of the septum nasi, etc., which are usually considered of great taxonomic significance. It is therefore argued that the functional implications of such structures should be carefully considered when studying these features in order to ascertain the evolution and taxonomy of birds.
Potential treatment strategies for enhancing neuroplasticity and regeneration after ischemic stroke

Strokes are a major cause of death and result in a drastic reduction in quality of life. Novel therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from stroke are thus required. Two possible strategies can be proposed for treating ischemic stroke: enhancing neuroplasticity, allowing the surviving neuronal cells to compensate for stroke-related impairment through brain reorganization, sprouting and rewiring of neuronal cells, or regeneration of neuronal cells, including enhancement of intrinsic neurogenesis and stem cell transplantation therapy with neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Endogenous neurogenesis or transplanted neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells are able to not only supply newborn neurons integrated into a damaged neuronal network, but also produce growth factors into the recovering brains. These secretory factors enhance sprouting and angiogenesis and may be important in neuroplasticity and recovery in the po.
Automated Alignment and Extraction of a Bilingual Ontology for Cross-Language Domain-Specific Applications

This paper presents a novel approach to ontology alignment and domain ontology extraction from two existing knowledge bases: WordNet and HowNet. These two knowledge bases are automatically aligned to construct a bilingual ontology based on the co-occurrence of words in a bilingual parallel corpus. The bilingual ontology achieves greater structural and semantic information coverage from these two complementary knowledge bases. For domain-specific applications, a domain-specific ontology is further extracted from the bilingual ontology using the island-driven algorithm and domain-specific corpus. Finally, domain-dependent terminology and axioms between domain terminology defined in a medical encyclopedia are integrated into the domain-specific ontology. In addition, a metric based on a similarity measure for ontology evaluation is also proposed. For evaluation purposes, experiments were conducted comparing an automatically constructed ontology with a benchmark ontology constructed by ontology engineers or experts. The experimental results show that the constructed bilingual domain-specific ontology mostly coincided with the benchmark ontology. As for application of this approach to the medical domain, the experimental results show that the proposed approach outperformed the synonym expansion approach to web search.