Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors associated with Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adults from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in adult individuals from Maracaibo city, Venezuela. Materials and methods: 2230 patients from the Maracaibo Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study were selected. IFG was defined according to the 2016 ADA criteria. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed in order to assess risk factors associated with IFG. Results: In the general population, the prevalence of IFG was 19.5% (n=435), with 46.4% (n=202) being women and 53.6% (n=233) being men, p=0.004. The main risk factors associated with IFG were age (≥60 years: OR=2.31; CI 95%=1.23-4.35; p<0.01), alcohol consumption, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. After evaluating individuals with IFG exclusively, the major risk factor was the presence of elevated high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein levels (OR=2.03; CI 95%=1.13-3.67; p<0.02). Conclusions: In Maracaibo the prevalence of IFG is similar to that of international reports. It is associated with a variety of risk factors, especially abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation, demonstrating the close link between adiposopathy and alterations in glucose metabolism.
The Process of Change During T3 Treatment for Euthyroid Fibromyalgia

ABSTRACT Methods. Comparative effects of placebos and T3 were tested on four euthyroid fibromyalgia patients over a period of nine months. Each patient completed alternately two T3 phases and two placebo phases, the sequence depending on the medication with which each was randomly assigned to begin. The ABAB single subject crossover design enabled each patient to serve as her own control. Phase crossover was response-driven, based on changes in measures of mean tender point sensitivity by algometry, pain distribution by the percentage method, and mean symptom intensity by visual analog scales. Changes were evaluated by visual inspection of graphs and single subject statistical analyses. Traditional group comparison statistics were performed for changes on the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the Zung's Depression Scale, and pain distribution according to the ACR criteria. Results. Quantitative analysis of trends of repeated measures across phases showed significant improvement in fibromyalgia status in .
Original article Comparison of prognostic value of epicardial blood flow and early ST-segment resolution after primary coronary angioplasty. ANIN – Myocardial Infarction Registry

Background: TIMI scale is commonly used for angiographic assessment of reperfusion effectiveness and early risk stratification in patients treated with primary angioplasty for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Since ST-resolution analysis allows a noninvasive insight into the reperfusion status at the myocardial tissue level, it may be a better predictor of outcome after primary angioplasty. Aim: To compare the prognostic value of the reperfusion effectiveness evaluation based on either the epicardial blood flow assessment according to the TIMI scale, or ST-segment resolution analysis in patients treated with primary coronary angioplasty for STEMI. Methods: 324 consecutive patients treated within 12 hours from the pain onset were studied. Based on the analysis of maximal ST-segment elevation/depression identified in a single ECG lead recorded after the procedure (maxSTE), patients were classified into groups of high versus medium/low risk. Independently, distinguished were groups with restored normal (TIMI 3) and abnormal (TIMI 0-2) final blood flow in infarct related artery. Results: The 30-day and one-year mortality rates were higher in the high-risk maxSTE group (25% of all patients) than in the other patients (14.8% vs. 2.5%, p Conclusions: Analysis of extent of maximal ST-segment elevation or depression identified in a single ECG lead after primary coronary angioplasty allows better prognosis of subsequent 30-day and one-year mortality than the assessment of final epicardial blood flow, stratifying risk of death even in a subgroup of patients with restored normal blood flow.
Morphine effects on the cardiovascular system of awake, freely behaving rats.

: The effects of small, i.v. infusion of morphine on the heart rate was studied in unanesthetized rats. A dose-response study indicated that all values of morphine between 5 and 1000 mug/kg resulted in a transient bradycardia. In addition, morphine doses above 20 mug/kg induced cardiac irregularities including atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block and temporary cardiac arrest. When morphine was delivered daily over a period of eight weeks, cardiac responding (first arrhythmias and then the bradycardia) became tolerant at a time when catatonia was still present. These results indicate that in an unanesthetized rat, profound cardiovascular effects are seen to very small, mug range, doses of morphine.
Cardiovascular treatment gaps: closing, but slowly.

AIM: To measure trends in the cardiovascular preventive medication prescribing in New Zealand primary care during 2000-2003. METHODS: Demographic, risk factor, and prescribing data from the Dunedin Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners Research Unit database were analysed. The data set consisted of men aged at least 45 years and women at least 55 years, who consulted a doctor in 2000-2003 in a practice that supplied electronic clinical notes (total number varied by year from 24,292 to 30,842). RESULTS: Cardiovascular risk (as calculated by the Framingham-based [Anderson] risk equation) could only be estimated for one-third of the study population due to missing risk factor information. In 2000, prescription of both blood pressure- and cholesterol-lowering medications occurred in 28% of people with established vascular disease and 14-16% of people without vascular disease but with a 5-year cardiovascular risk over 5%. From 2000 to 2003, the treatment of all patient groups with a 5-year cardiovascular risk of >10% (vascular history or not) increased by about 4% per year. Those in the 5-10% cardiovascular risk bracket increased treatment by about 3% per year. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular medicine treatment gaps in primary care reduced between 2000 and 2003 but a significant gap persisted. There is only modest evidence that treatment rates are targeted to estimated cardiovascular risk. Data on the prescription of these medications by cardiovascular risk needs to be collected, analysed, and disseminated on an ongoing basis to enable close monitoring of strategies to improve cardiovascular risk assessment and management.
Advanced techniques in image-guided brain and spine surgery.

Dr. Germano has put together a snapshot of the techniques available in the fast-moving ﬁeld of image-guided neurosurgery. This volume is aimed at the practicing neurosurgeon, focusing on the nuts and bolts of image-guided surgery and, for the most part, foregoing theory and mathematical equations. Written with clear expla-nations of technical terms, the book is well within the grasp of a practicing neurosurgeon or neurosurgical res-ident with no prior experience with image-guided surgery. Image-guided surgery is seductive. On a glossy screen, the surgeon is shown a high-quality rendition of the brain or the spine, and as he or she moves an instrument, the position of the instrument is clearly noted on the screen. The problem the image do the reader the practical knowledge to con-front the problems associated
Autonomic dysfunction in peripheral nerve disorders.

The autonomic nervous system is affected by most conditions that cause peripheral neuropathy. Autonomic dysfunction may be clinically significant in some conditions such as diabetes, amyloidosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and porphyria, but in many the autonomic disturbances are of only minor clinical importance. Clinical tests of both sympathetic and parasympathetic function are necessary to establish the diagnosis.
Meningomyelosel Anomalili Yenidoðanlarýn ve Annelerinin Serumlarýnda Bulunan Olasý Embriyotoksik Faktörlerin Tavuk Embriyosunda Oluþturduðu Malformasyonlar MALFORMATIONS IN CHICK EMBRYO CAUSED BY PROBABLE EMBRYOTOXIC FACTORS IN THE SERA OF NEONATES WITH MENINGOMYELOCELE AND THEIR MOTHERS

dermden geliþen santral sinir sistemi; insanda intrauterin geliþimin 3. haftasýnda beliren noral plaðýn noral katlantýlarý meydana getirmesi ve bunlarýn da kaynaþarak noral tupu oluþturmasý sonucu, sefalik ve kaudal parcasý olan tubuler bir yapý halini alýr. Noral tupun kapanmayýþýna ya da sonradan rupturune baðlý olarak meydana gelen geliþim kusurlarýna, noral tup defekti ya da defektleri (NTD) denir. NTD, kafatasý ve medulla spinalis uzerinde deðiþik yapý ve karakterde bircok konjenital malformasyonu icine alýr. Malformasyonun seviyesine ve aðýrlýðýna gore klinik bulgular ortaya cýkar. NTD'de genetik, cevresel ve anneye ait etiyolojik Meningomyelosel Anomalili Yenidoðanlarýn ve Annelerinin Serumlarýnda Bulunan Olasý Embriyotoksik Faktorlerin Tavuk Embriyosunda Oluþturduðu Malformasyonlar
The effects of monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets with and without avocados on cardio-metabolic risk factors

The current study evaluated the effects of a MUFA enriched, moderate fat diet with or without one avocado per day versus a lower fat, high CHO diet on established CVD risk factors, including blood lipids and lipoproteins, glycemic control, blood pressure, and hsCRP in all subjects from the AVOCADO study. A randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial was conducted with 45 overweight or obese participants with baseline LDL-C in the 25th to 90th percentile. Three cholesterol-lowering diets (6% to 7% SFA) were fed (5 weeks each): a lower-fat diet (LF: 24% fat); 2 moderate-fat diets (34% fat) provided similar foods and were matched for macronutrients and fatty acids: the avocado diet (AV) included one fresh Hass avocado (136 g) per day, and the moderate-fat diet (MF) mainly used high oleic acid oils to match the fatty acid content of one avocado. Compared to baseline, all three diets decreased total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C (p<0.001 for all), however, the reduction on the AV diet (-16.7 and -13.4 mg/dL) was greater (p<0.05) than the MF diet (-10.9 and -8.6 mg/dL) and the LF diet (-8.4 and -7.3 mg/dL). Also, the reduction in non-HDL-C on the AV diet (-14.8 mg/dL) was significantly greater (p=0.01) than the MF diet (-8.9 mg/dL). The AV diet also significantly decreased TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C (by -6.2% and -6.6% from baseline, p<0.001) whereas the MF and LF diets did not. The LF diet significantly increased TG (20.8mg/dL, p<0.0001) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C, 2.6mg/dL, p=0.0003), while the AV and MF diets did not. The LF diet also decreased HDL-C greater (p=0.03 and 0.04) than the AV and MF diets. In conclusion, a high MUFA, moderate fat diet has benefits on lipids and lipoproteins compared to a
SYSTEMS IN NIGERIA

The study focuses on traditional marriage and family patterns in Nigeria and consequences of change for Nigeria. The study identifies directions of change, rate of change, and the causes of change in marriage and the family. An attempt is made to point out that recent changes in the states of Nigerian women may recast marriage and the family in new and different molds. It appears the Nigerian family is moving slowly towards the western nuclear family model.
Pralmorelin: Diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency growth hormone secretagogue

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency results in growth retardation. In addition to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), ghrelin has also been identified as a potent stimulant of GH. The search for GH-releasing peptides andGH secretagogues resulted in the discovery of pralmorelin, a small synthetic peptide that mimics the action of ghrelin. In rats, pralmorelin was more potent in inducing the relase of GH than GHRH, and it was also less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of somatostatin than GHRH. Body weight gain and increased food intake were observed in rats administered pralmorelin. In children with short stature. Pralmorelin has also been which a characteristic wasting syndrome results from the suppressed pulsatile release of pituitary hormones. Pralmorelin synchronized the release of these hormones, and in combination with infusions of thyrotropin-released hormone (TRH) and GHRH, resulted in beneficial metabolic effects in these patients.
Diarrea y micronutrientes Diarrhea and micronutrients

SUMMARY Diarrhea continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. Although the use of oral rehydration solutions has decrease the mortality associated with dehydration, there still the need of effective strategies to decrease the morbidity associated with this disease. Zinc and vitamin A are two micronutrients that have shown to be effective for the treatment and prevention of diarrhea in children. Currently WHO recommends the use of zinc for the treatment of diarrhea in children in developing countries, because it decreases the duration and severity of the diarrhea episode, the risk of persistent diarrhea and diarrhea recurrence in the next 2 to 3 months. Vitamin A has been use prophylactically for many years and is one the most important interventions for infant mortality reduction. It has been demonstrated that vitamin A decreases diarrhea mortality and incidence. However, the therapeutic use of this vitamin has not been well studied since the success of its prophylactic use has limited its evaluation.
Professional Development of Research Supervisors: A Capacity-Building, Participatory Framework

The professional development of supervisors of higher degree research students is growing in importance and undergoing change, based on the demand for timely completion of higher degrees and the Australian federal government‟s quality agenda driving improvement of practice. Research has informed the design of research supervision frameworks within large universities (Carton & Kelly, 2014; Luca et al., 2013) but smaller institutions face different issues, including the challenge of developing an active research culture. This paper reports on the outcomes of an institution-wide project that was conducted in a small, private higher education institution involving the development and implementation of a framework for research supervision. The theoretical framework of the project drew on the pedagogical principles of research education (Kiley, 2009; Kiley & Wisker, 2009; Willison, 2010) and the project's methodological design adopted a utilisation-focused evaluation approach. By using a participatory research methodology, the perspectives of academic and administration staff, and higher degree students were gathered. Guidance was also sought from national and international experts in research supervision. This paper outlines the research approach used and the framework that was developed, and reports on the issues raised during the initiative including insights into the success factors in changing culture.
MRI IN SPINAL BONE MARROW REPLACEMENT DISORDERS

Objectives. The paper aims are: to present and illustrate the MRI aspects of the normal and pathological bone marrow involving the spine, focusing on MR techniques and interpretation in a precise clinico-biological context of each patient. Material and methods. The cases included in this study were explored using a 1.5 MRI system in T1-weighted, T2 FSE, STIR, FSE T2 Fat Sat sequences, in sagittal and or coronal plane. Sections made in the axial plane in T2 wi, were centered at the level of the lesion(s). In case of primitive or secondary tumoral lesions we have performed T1-weighted SE sequences Fat Sat pre-/ and post-iv. injection of Gd-BOPTA in multiple planes. In particular cases, we have used T1-weighted sections with a TE in and /out of phase. Imaging features. Normally, the bone marrow shows intermediate signal both on T1-/,T2 -/, Stir- weighted images in comparison to paravertebral muscle. Pathological aspects include: diffuse and focal tumor infiltration (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, metastasis), that must be differentiate from hyperplasia (reconversion) of the red marrow, bone marrow depletion, supportive tissue pathology (primary and secondary myelofibrosis, Gaucher disease). Conclusions. MRI is the only imaging method that allows the analysis of the bone marrow. Knowledge of normal signal in different MRI sequences in correlation with the age and the clinico-biological context of the patient is essential for a correct interpretation and detection of different types of diseases involving bone marrow of the spine. In patients with a diffuse T1 hyposignal of the spinal bone marrow the differential diagnosis includes three main entities: conversion, myeloproliferative lesions and pathology of the support structures.
Diet and Oral Health in Captive Amur Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)

Oral health problems in felids have become increasingly apparent to zoo veterinarians in recent years21314. The pathogenesis of oral disease may be affected by genetics, age, behavioral and environmental influences as well as by concurrent systemic disease. Excessive calculus accumulation, gingivitis and periodontal disease have been noted in animals offered a commercial, meat-based feline diet. It has been suggested that the soft texture of this diet does not provide adequate abrasive action to clean the teeth as would a firmer-textured natural diet7-10. In dogs, a dry diet is associated with less gingival pathology than is a soft diet3-6. Similar observations were made in a recent study with timber wolves16. Beef bones or oxtails are offered in many zoos as a prophylactic measure to maintain oral health. However, the effectiveness of this practice has not been investigated in a controlled study. This research was designed to explore the effectiveness of bones as a periodic dietary supplement in prevention of plaque and calculus formation and in maintenance
Zur Relevanz indigener Konzepte von Krankheit und Ansteckung für eine wirksamere HIV/Aids-Prävention im soziokulturellen Kontext am Beispiel von Mosambik

Based on the need for a complementary integration as defined by G. DEVEREUX the article discusses indigenous concepts in the HIV/AIDS prevention. Stressing the different aims of indigenous healing in comparison to biomedicine the author shows how both concepts could complement themselves if they would respect each other -all questions or practices that are not yet applied systematically in the HIV/AIDS prevention. The relevance of the indigenous concepts of diseases and contamination is analysed in the perspective of HIV/AIDS prevention in Mozambique. Starting with the basic principles of ingenious traditional healing in Sub-Sahara Africa, the most used aetiologies are reviewed: ancestors (family spirits), foreign spirits, witchcraft, diseases "that comes from God". The question remains if parts of these indigenous concepts could be used in preventive work to make the HIV/AIDS prevention more effective. In order to do so the author looks at Mary DOUGLAS' model of pollution which summarizes concepts about social contamination and puts them often in relation to HIV/AIDS contamination perceptions in Mozambique. Indigenous concepts such as taboo break, pollution are considered as a punishment from the ancestors and are regarded as indigenous by their identification of the "real", hence the social/ spiritual causes and identified with HIV/AIDS. Because the ancestor aetiology, as well as the witchcraft aetiology, provide a social function of behaviour regulation, one should analyse and understand the function of these aetiologies for an effective HIV/AIDS prevention in Mozambique in order to verify, which indigenous values are still effective and capable to mobilise a behaviour of social responsibility which makes the HIV/AIDS prevention more effective.
Chemical accidents and catastrophes as a source of the greatest hazard to the environment and human health in Poland

The author presents sources of the greatest chemical hazards to the environment in Poland, among which industry and transport occupy the first two places. The availability of data and information on chemical hazards to the environment and the human health are discussed. Legislation, organisation and competences of institutions designed to prevent and mitigate the outcomes of chemical disasters are outlined. It was found that in Poland a possible danger of chemical disasters with serious consequences for the people and environment does really exist. Certain industrial installations as well as road and railway transport belong to the major threats. Among chemicals, ammonia, chlorine, sulphur dioxide and phosgene are considered as most dangerous. In Poland the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry are legally responsible for prevention and mitigation of the outcomes of chemical disasters.
IFDS-based Context Debloating for Object-Sensitive Pointer Analysis

Object-sensitive pointer analysis, which separates the calling contexts of a method by its receiver objects, is known to achieve highly useful precision for object-oriented languages such as Java. Despite recent advances, all object-sensitive pointer analysis algorithms still suffer from the scalability problem due to the combinatorial explosion of contexts in large programs. In this article, we introduce a new approach, Conch, that can be applied to debloat contexts for all object-sensitive pointer analysis algorithms, thereby improving significantly their efficiency while incurring a negligible loss of precision. Our key insight is to approximate a recently proposed set of two necessary conditions for an object in a program to be context-sensitive, i.e., context-dependent (whose precise verification is undecidable) with a set of three linearly verifiable conditions in terms of the number of edges in the pointer assignment graph (PAG) representation of the program. These three linearly verifiable conditions, which turn out to be almost always necessary in practice, are synthesized from three key observations regarding context-dependability for the objects created and used in real-world object-oriented programs. To develop a practical implementation for Conch, we introduce an IFDS-based algorithm for reasoning about object reachability in the PAG of a program, which runs linearly in terms of the number of edges in the PAG. By debloating contexts for three representative object-sensitive pointer analysis algorithms, which are applied to a set of representative Java programs, Conch can speed up these three baseline algorithms substantially at only a negligible loss of precision (less than 0.1%) with respect to several commonly used precision metrics. In addition, Conch also improves their scalability by enabling them to analyze substantially more programs to completion than before (under a time budget of 12 hours). Conch has been open-sourced (http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~corg/tools/conch), opening up new opportunities for other researchers and practitioners to further improve this research. To demonstrate this, we introduce one extension of Conch to accelerate further the three baselines without losing any precision, providing further insights on extending Conch to make precision-efficiency tradeoffs in future research.