Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Natural History of Tuberculosis The Inclusion of Constant Reinfection , Host Tolerance , and Damage-Response Frameworks Leads to a Better Understanding of Latent Infection and its Evolution towards Active Disease

Once Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects a person it can persist for a long time in a process called latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). LTBI has traditionally been considered to involve the bacilli remaining in a nonreplicating state (dormant) in old lesions but still retaining their ability to induce reactivation and cause active tuberculosis (TB) once a disruption of the immune response takes place. The present review aims to challenge these concepts by including recent experimental data supporting LTBI as a constant endogenous reinfection process as well as the recently introduced concepts of damage-response and tolerance frameworks to explain TB induction. These frameworks highlight the key role of an exaggerated and intolerant host response against M. tuberculosis bacilli which induces the classical TB cavity in immunocompetent adults once the constant endogenous reinfection process has resulted in the presence of bacilli in the upper lobes, where they can grow faster and the immune response is delayed. This essay intends to provide new clues to understanding the induction of TB in non-immunosuppressed patients.
EVALUATION OF PROTEIN EXTRACTION PROTOCOLS AND EFFICIENT SOLUBILISATION FOR ENHANCED PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS FROM PHENOLICS RICH NON-MODEL RECALCITRANT WILD CRUCIFER RORIPPA INDICA (L). HIERN

Prior to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE), proteins must be denatured, reduced and properly solubilised. Depending on the type of samples, the extraction and solubilisation of protein varies. The purpose of this research was to establish an efficient method of proteome extraction and solubilisation followed by analysis of the proteins from a non-model, recalcitrant, phenolics rich plant Rorippa indica . We developed this protocol suitable for 2-DGE and MALDI-TOF based MS analysis of the proteins. The widely used TCA-acetone precipitation, Tris-Cl based extraction and phenol based extraction of proteins have been comparatively evaluated. It was found that phenol based extraction was best suited for the purpose. The extraction was further complemented with efficient protein solubilisation. To increase solubility of precipitated proteins, use of thiourea, supplemented with CHAPS and ASB-14 were found to be very effective. A huge number of high quality unique protein spots in 2-D gel were obtained by this method. The MS analysis resulted in the successful identification of proteins further confirming the compatibility of this protocol for use as a guide method for protein extraction from non-model, recalcitrant tissue. Keywords : Rorippa indica ; Non-model plant; Phenol extraction; 2-dimentional gel electrophoresis; MALDI-TOF MS.
Consumer Intentions to Adopt Electronic Commerce - Incorporating Trust and Risk in the Technology Acceptance Model

This research describes consumer intentions to adopt e-commerce by predicting behavioral intentions to use Internet technologies for online transactions, drawing upon Ajzen’s (1985, 1988, 1991) theory of planned behavior (TPB). Consumer intention to adopt e-commerce is proposed as a behavioral intention to exchange information online, share confidential and monetary information, and engage in product purchases. Drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), since online transactions entail consumers to use Internet technologies to a great extent, e-commerce adoption intentions essentially necessitate that consumers perceive Web interfaces to be useful and easy to use. In addition, the novel and impersonal nature of online transactions and the technological unpredictability of the Internet reduce consumer perceptions of control over their online transactions, making trust and risk beliefs inevitable elements of online consumer behavior. This research incorporates the constructs of trust and perceived risk with TAM major constructs to predict e-commerce adoption intentions, following TPB. Consequently, a set of testable hypotheses that interrelate intentions to transact online with perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and trust is proposed. The resulting research model is validated using data from three exploratory experiential studies with 103 subjects using three different scenarios. The results give substantial support for the proposed hypotheses, while explaining 64% of the variation for consumer intentions to adopt e-commerce. The paper discusses several insights from this exploratory study, proposes several future research directions, and concludes with implications for theory and research.
The next frontier: Open innovation and prospecting of knowledge in highly complex environments - Towards value creation in high tech Industries

This article aims to contribute to a policy of innovation management. To do so, it presents the influence practices of open innovation in the prospecting of knowledge for value creation in highly complex environments. The research was conducted in the light of theoretical excerpts and application of a survey to specialists, with knowledge about the investigated object, selected by scientific and technical criteria. The survey was addressed to high tech industries in Brazil. The data were extracted by means of a matrix of judgment in which experts made their judgments about the variables investigated. In order to reduce subjectivity in the results achieved, the following methods were used: multicriterial analysis, artificial neural networks and neurofuzzy technology. The produced results were satisfactory, validating the presented proposal.
Photodegradation of Permethrin using Photocatalyst Montmorillonite-TiO2

Photocatalyst Montmorillonite-TiO 2 was synthesized using template CTAB and natural clay for degradation of Permethrin. The porosity and crystalline phase of catalyst were evaluated using N 2 sorption analyzer and XRD diffraction. Permethrin photodegradation was optimized by varying reactant volume, irradiation time and initial concentration. Montmorillonite enhanced by CTAB showed typical porosity i.e. specific surface area, pore radii and pore volume for layer material. It properties decreased as this host material was impregnated with TiO 2 . XRD diagram indicated that space between layers of Montmorillonite expanded up to 4.7 A. The diffractogram also confirmed that TiO 2 formed an Anatase phase instead of Rutile. Photodegradation conducted at several condition showed relatively low photocatalytic activity. The highest photodegradation was achieved at 50 mL of Permethrin with initial concentration 10 ppm and 100 minutes’ irradiation. Keywords: Permethrin, Photodegradation, Montmorillonite-TiO 2
Influence of Service Quality to the Satisfaction, Commitment and Costumers Saving Relationship intention on the Main Branch of South East Sulawesi Regional Development Bank

Influence of service quality to the satisfaction, commitment and costumers saving relationship intention on the main branch of South East Sulawesi Regional Development Bank. Service quality delivery to the costumers due to the competition with the other services company is analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques and interferential statistic using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) package program AMOS 4.0 and SPSS version 11.5. The result shows that service quality has significant influence to the satisfaction, commitment and relationship intention.
Detection of the Far-infrared [O iii] and Dust Emission in a Galaxy at Redshift 8.312: Early Metal Enrichment in the Heart of the Reionization Era

We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array detection of the [O iii] 88 μm line and rest-frame 90 μm dust continuum emission in a Y-dropout Lyman break galaxy (LBG), MACS0416_Y1 lying behind the Frontier Field cluster MACS J0416.1−2403. This [O iii] detection confirms the LBG with a spectroscopic redshift of z = 8.3118 ± 0.0003, making this object one of the farthest galaxies ever identified spectroscopically. The observed 850 μm flux density of 137 ± 26 μJy corresponds to a de-lensed total infrared (IR) luminosity of if assuming a dust temperature of Tdust = 50 K and an emissivity index of β = 1.5, yielding a large dust mass of . The ultraviolet-to-far-IR spectral energy distribution modeling where the [O iii] emissivity model is incorporated suggests the presence of a young (τage ≈ 4 Myr), star-forming ( yr−1), moderately metal-polluted (Z ≈ 0.2Z⊙) stellar component with a mass of Mstar = 3 × 108 M⊙. An analytic dust mass evolution model with a single episode of star formation does not reproduce the metallicity and dust mass in τage ≈ 4 Myr, suggesting a pre-existing evolved stellar component with Mstar ∼ 3 × 109 M☉ and τage ∼ 0.3 Gyr as the origin of the dust mass.
Modelling Maastrichtian climate: investigating the role of geography, atmospheric CO 2 and vegetation

Abstract. In this paper we describe the results from an ensemble of palaeoclimate simulations of the Maastrichtian using the fully-coupled dynamic ocean-atmosphere General Circulation Model, HadCM3L. Using appropriate Maastrichtian boundary conditions, we investigate the sensitivity of the predicted palaeoclimate to changing atmospheric CO2 levels and modelled vegetation treatment. In addition, we explore the climatic response to the changed geography using a comparison with a pre-industrial experiment. We describe our results alongside the findings of previous modelling studies in particular with consideration to concepts of climate equability. Our findings demonstrate increased global temperatures compared with the pre-industrial experiment, with a 5.9°C increase in temperatures associated with the change to 1×CO2 Maastrichtian conditions and a further 3.9°C warming associated with a quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 levels. Compared to the pre-industrial we find a latitudinal temperature profile that is reduced in gradient and shifted to higher temperatures. Our control 4×CO Maastrichtian experiment exceeds the pre-industrial by 6.5–8.6°C, 7.4–11.2°C, and 10.1–32.4°C in the equatorial, mid and high latitudes respectively. We also find a general pattern of increased thermal seasonality in the high latitudes. In terms of global mean annual temperatures we find a range of 18.1–23.6°C for our 1–6×atmospheric CO2 envelope. Other than in the northern high latitudes we find satisfactory levels of agreement between the ensemble temperature envelope and estimates from palaeotemperature proxies. The inclusion of a dynamic vegetation model (TRIFFID) leads to a further increase in the thermal seasonality at high latitudes, warming in the mid to high latitudes and increased precipitation in the low and mid latitudes.
Highly sensitive detection of trace gases using the time-resolved frequency downchirp from pulsed quantum-cascade lasers

A spectrometer using a pulsed, 10.25-μm-wavelength, thermoelectrically cooled quantum-cascade distributed-feedback laser has been developed for sensitive high-resolution infrared absorption spectroscopy. This spectrometer is based upon the use of the almost linear frequency downchirp of up to 75 GHz produced by a square current drive pulse. The behavior of this downchirp has been investigated in detail using high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometers. The downchirp spectrometer provides a real-time display of the spectral fingerprint of molecular gases over a wave-number range of up to 2.5 cm-1. Using an astigmatic Herriott cell with a maximum path length of 101 m and a 5-kHz pulse repetition rate with 12-s averaging, absorption lines having an absorbance of less than 0.01 (an absorption of less than 1%) may be measured.
Digestible energy requirement for females of Rhamdia quelen on reproductive activity fed with ration based on vegetal ingredients

The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth and reproductive parameters of Rhamdia quelen females fed with pelleted ration containing different levels of digestible energy, and to evaluate the vigor of their offspring. The breeders were placed in tanks under conditions of photoperiod and natural temperature. The fishes were fed for 255 days with isoproteic rations pelleted containing 35% of crude protein (CP) and five levels of the digestible energy (DE) (2700, 2950, 3200, 3450, 3700 kcal kg -1 ). The fishes were distributed in a randomized experimental design compounded by five treatments and three repetitions. A 16-m 2 tank containing six females and three males was considered as one experimental unit. The weight and weight gain was evaluated. During the reproductive season the females were induced to breeding by hormonal manipulation and were evaluated the percentage of spawning females, the total fecundity, relative fecundity (number of oocytes per gram of spawning females), the fertilization ratio, the time to hatching and the vigor of larvae. The growth and reproductive parameters were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the increasing levels of digestible energy of the rations. The feeding of R. quelen females in breeding fit can be carried out with 2700 kcal kg -1 pelletized ration based on vegetal ingredients, without damage to reproductive performance.
Hispanic Segregation in Metropolitan America: Exploring the Multiple Forms of Spatial Assimilation

This article investigates patterns of spatial assimilation of Hispanics in U.S. metropolitan areas. Using restricted-use data from the 2000 Census, we calculate Hispanics' levels of residential segregation by race and nativity and then estimate multivariate models to examine the association of group characteristics with these patterns. To obtain a more nuanced view of spatial assimilation, we use alternative reference groups in the segregation calculations-Anglos, African Americans, and Hispanics not of the same race. We find that Hispanics experience multiple and concurrent forms of spatial assimilation across generations: U.S.-born White, Black, and other-race Hispanics tend to be less segregated from Anglos, African Americans, and U.S.-born Hispanics not of the same race than are the foreign-born of the respective groups. We find some exceptions, suggesting that race continues to influence segregation despite the general strength of assimilation-related factors: Black Hispanics display high levels of segregation from Anglos, and U.S.-born Black Hispanics are no less segregated from other Hispanic groups than are their foreign-born counterparts.
Optimising Server Energy Consumption and Response Time

The predicted annual growth of energy consumption in ICT by 4% towards 2020, despite improvements and efficiency gains in technology, is challenging our ability to claim that ICT is providing overall gains in energy efficiency and Carbon Imprint as computers and networks are increasingly used in all sectors of activity. Thus we must find means to limit this increase and preserve quality of service (QoS) in computer systems and networks. Since the energy consumed in ICT is related to system load, ]this paper discusses the choice of system load that offers the best trade-off between energy consumption and QoS.We use both simple queueing models and measurements to develop and illustrate the results. A discussion is also provided regarding future research directions.
Bianchi-Type VI0 Bulk Viscous Fluid Models with Variable Gravitational and Cosmological Constants

This paper deals with Bianchi type VI0 anisotropic cosmological models filled with a bulk viscous cosmic fluid in the presence of time-varying gravitational and cosmological constant. Physically realistic solutions of Einstein's field equations are obtained by assuming the conditions 1) the expansion scalar is proportional to shear scalar 2) the coefficient of the bulk viscosity is a power function of the energy density and 3) the cosmic fluid obeys the barotropic equation of state. We observe that the corresponding models retain the well established features of the standard cosmology and in addition, are in accordance with recent type Ia supernovae observations. Physical behaviours of the cosmological models are also discussed.
Equilibrium studies of the reaction of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) haemoglobin sulphydryl groups with 5,5′-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate): tertiary conformational change in turkey haemoglobin induced by inositol hexakisphosphate.

The red blood cell of turkey contains two haemoglobin types, major and mi-nor components. In the present study, the equilibrium constant, Kequ, for the reaction of 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate), DTNB, with the sulphydryl group of the major turkey aquomethaemoglobin was determined at 25°C as a function of pH. Kequ varies by about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude between pH 5.6 and 9.0 for both haemoglobin [stripped and in the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate (inositol-P6)]. Calculations from the pH dependence of Kequ showed that in the r ⇌ t tertiary conformational transition of aquomethae-moglobin, the t isomer population was 0.26 %. In the presence of inositol-P6, the t isomer population increased to 9.08 %. The results showed that while inositol-P6 increased the relative population of the t tertiary conformation by changing the relative distribution of two protein conformations, it had no effect on Kequ. The effect of Inositol-P6 on the nature and number of groups linked to the DTNB reaction was also determined.
Potential Risk of Organic Contaminants to The Coastal Population Through Seafood Consumption from Jakarta Bay

A comprehensive study on exposure assessment of the priority organic contaminants via seafood consumption has been conducted to the coastal population of Jakarta Bay. Seafood is essential food source in Indonesia and also important income for the majority of coastal populations. A number of 152 respondents from 4 districts surounding the bay were interviewed to record their frequency and pattern on seafood consumption. In the same time, 13 seafood species were collected directly from Jakarta Bay during the dry and wet seasons for the assessment of organic contaminants. A non-target GC/MS screening identified more than 40 organic contaminants in which 6 of them are potentially considered as priority contaminants including 3 groups of carcinogenic contaminants i.e. dichlorodiphenyl-trichlorethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDXs), dichlorobenzenes (DCB) and carcinogenic PAHs (PAH4). Further exposure analysis suggested cumulative health risk of these contaminants was less than official minimal risk level (MRL) and therefore categorized safe for the corresponding population. However, attention must be paid since additional exposure of either from the different food category or other exposure route may contribute to significantly elevate the health risk on the population as well as potential exposure of emerging contaminants.
Analysing tactical knowledge through team sport assessmentprocedure/TSAP: a case study in basketball

espanolDurante la temporada, los jugadores pueden ser observados y evaluados en dos ambientes: en situaciA³n de partido y en situaciA³n de en- treno. En baloncesto, la falta de un instrumento vAilido y iable para evaluar de forma objetiva el nivel de conocimiento tAictico, es el problema princi- pal en los procesos de formaciA³n y en las comunidades de entrenamiento. Team Sport Assessment Procedure fue ideado por Grahaigne, Godbout & Bouthier, brindando a los profesores datos objetivos sobre las actuaciones ofensivas de los estudiantes. Dos jugadores profesionales fueron observados mediante anAilisis de video por tres observadores, a in de determinar la validad del TSAP en baloncesto tAictico en situaciA³n de partido. El valor del coeiciente k de Cohen (k = 0,88) revela un acuerdo entre observadores casi perfecta lo que signiica que los observadores registraron las mismas acciones y los interpretan de la misma manera. Los resultados muestran que el TSAP es una herramienta vAilida y iable para evaluar elementos ofensivos en juego del partido y fAicilmente utilizable por entrenadores y jugadores. EnglishDuring the season players can be observed and evaluated in two environments: game context and training context. In basketball, the ab- sence of a valid and reliable instrument to use in order to assess objectively the level of tactical awareness is a main problem in training processes and coaching communities. Team Sport Assessment Procedure was devised by Grehaigne, Godbout & Bouthier providing teachers with objective data on studentsâ�� ofensive performance. Two professional players were observed through video analysis by three observers in order to ascertain the validity of TSAP in basketballâ��s tactical observation in game context. Cohenâ��s k co- eicient value (k=0.88) reveals an almost perfect inter-observer agreement meaning that observers registered the same actions and interpreted them in the same way. he results shown that TSAP is a valid and reliable tool to assess the ofensive on-ball elements of the game and easy to be used by coaches and athletes.
An Efficient Single-Input Multiple Output Power supply using DC – DC Boost Converter

Copyright to IJIRSET www.ijirset. com 1572 ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to develop an high-efficient single-input multipleoutput dc–dc boost converter. The proposed converter can boost the voltage of a low-voltage input power source to a controllable high-voltage dc bus and middle-voltage output terminals. The high-voltage dc bus can take as the main power for a high-voltage dc load or the front terminal of a dc–ac inverter.Moreover, middle-voltage output terminals can supply powers for individual middle-voltage dc loads or for charging auxiliary power sources (e.g., battery modules). In this study, a coupled-inductor based dc–dc converter scheme utilizes only one power switch with the properties of voltage clamping and soft switching, and the corresponding device specifications are adequately designed. As a result,the objectives of an high-efficient power conversion, high step up ratio, and various output voltages with different levels can be obtained. Some experimental results via a kilowatt-level prototype are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed an efficient SIMO dc–dc boost converter in practical applications.in this dc dc converter we verified in simulation output wave form using matlab software. I.INTRODUCTION
THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOW FIELD WITHIN A FOUR- VALVE COMBUSTION ENGINE MEASURED BY PARTICLE-IMAGE VELOCIMETRY

The efficiency of combustion processes within four-valve internal combustion engines is significantly influenced by the flow structures that evolve during the intake and compression phase. Recent research showed that the self ignition of modern CAI (controlled auto ignition) engines highly depends on the stratification of fuel, reticulated exhaust gas (EGR), and fresh air. A detailed understanding of this mixing process is inevitable to assess and improve the combustion efficiency, especially regarding pollutant emission and fuel consumption. Thus, the analysis of the temporal and spatial development of the flow phenomena within the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is required. In this study the flow field in the cylinder of a motored four-valve combustion engine is investigated using standard particle-image velocimetry in several vertical measurement planes. The measurements focus on the analysis of the basic global characteristics of the in-cylinder flow field. Phase-averaged statistics are visualized for characteristic crank angles during the intake and compression stroke by plotting the results of all measurement planes for a specific crank angle in a single figure. Several velocity based methods were used to visualize and analyze the large scale structures within the cylinder. In combination with the turbulent kinetic energy large and small scale spatial structures of the in-cylinder flow can be analyzed.