Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carcass percentage and digestive organs development of broilers fed diets containing organic selenium and fermented selenium-rich feedstuffs

Fermentation has been practiced to bio convert inorganic substances into more readily available nutrients. Selenium is an important trace mineral functioning to improve growth and health status. A study was carried out to determine the carcass percentage and organ development of broilers fed fermented diets with the addition of selenium. Rice bran from the local market was purchased and finely ground. One kg rice bran added with 1 g sodium selenite as source of selenium (Se) was autoclaved for 20 minutes at 20 psi. The autoclaved rice bran was added with distilled water up to 80% moisture concentration. The autoclaved mixture was incubated with two different fungi (Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for 120 hours to produce fermented rice bran with A. niger (FRBAN) and fermented rice bran with S. cerevisiae (FRBSC). The study used 140 day-old-chicks as experimental animals. The birds were kept in cages for 6 weeks and fed 5 different diets ad-libitum. The treatments were control basal diet (T-1), control + 0.4 ppm Se (sodium selenite; T-2), control basal diet + 0.4 ppm Se from Selplex commercial feed additive rich in Se (T-3), control diet + 0.4 ppm Se derived from FRBSC (T-4) and control basal diet + 0.4 Se derived from FRBAN (T-5). A completely randomized design was adopted in this study with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Results of the study indicate that percentages of liver, gizzard, and carcass were lower in birds fed diets containing sodium selenite. Shorter relative length and diameter of the small intestine were also found in the birds offered the sodium selenite – supplemented diet. The percentages of abdominal fat and breast muscle were not affected by treatment diets. In conclusion, the addition of Se in the form of sodium selenite negatively affected percentages of the liver, gizzard, carcass and digestive tract dimensions. Fermentation of rice bran containing sodium selenite could minimize the detrimental effect of inorganic selenium.
Population size history from short genomic scaffolds: how short is too short?

The Pairwise Sequentially Markov Coalescent (PSMC), and its extension PSMC′, model past population sizes from a single diploid genome. Both models have been widely applied, even to organisms with scaffold-level genome reference assemblies of limited contiguity. However it is unclear how PSMC and PSMC′ perform on short scaffolds. We evaluated psmc and msmc, implementations of the PSMC and PSMC′ models respectively, on simulated genomes with low contiguity, and compared results to those from fully contiguous data. Simulations with scaffolds from 100 Mb to 10 kb revealed that psmc maintains high accuracy down to lengths of 100 kb, while msmc is accurate down to 1 Mb. The discrepancy is not due to differing models, but stems from an implementation detail of msmc—homozygous tracts at the ends of scaffolds are discarded, making msmc unreliable for low contiguity genomes. We recommend excluding data that are aligned to shorter scaffolds when undertaking demographic inference.
Animal Model of Depression: Past and Recent Development

우울증의 역사는 인류의 역사처럼 오랜 시간동안 전 세 계적으로, 세대와 성별을 뛰어 넘어 폭넓게 존재해 왔다. ‘한국인의 질병 부담 2005년 보고서’에 따르면 한국인의 건강을 위협하는 대표 질병 순위로 우울증은 20대에서 1 위, 30대에서 2위로 나타났다. 또 세계보건기구(WHO)는 “2020년에는 우울증이 모든 연령에서 나타나는 질환 중 압 도적인 1위를 차지할 것”이라고 예측했다. 이러한 우울증 의 연구에 있어서 실험동물 모델을 통한 연구는 신경 병리 학적 기전을 알아내고, 우울증에 대한 약물의 효과를 임상 적으로 실험하기 전에 미리 알아 볼 수 있다는 데에 큰 의 의를 둘 수 있다. 그러나 우울증에서 나타나는 신경 병리 학적인 변화는 매우 다양하다. 이는 우울증의 실험동물을 이용한 연구에서 실험동물의 모델 선정에 신중해야 함을 의미한다. 또한 우울증이 감정(mood)에서 나오는 것임을 감안할 때, 임상의 경우와 달리 실험동물의 감정을 알 수 있는 뚜렷한 방법이 없다는 점도 고려해야하는 사항이다. 이러한 동물 모델 선정의 어려움 때문에 우울증의 동물 모 델에서는 3가지 타당도를 충족하는지 확인해야 한다(Shin, 2000). 우선 동물의 행동양상이 임상에서의 행동양상과 얼 우울증 동물 모델의 과거와 현재
Improve Offensive Language Detection with Ensemble Classifiers

Sharing content easily on social media has become an important communication choice in the world we live. However, in addition to the conveniences it provides, some problems have been emerged because content sharing is not bounded by predefined rules. Consequently, oﬀensive language has become as a big problem for both social media and its users. In this article, detecting offensive language in short text messages on Twitter is aimed. As short texts do not include enough statistical information have drawbacks. To cope with these drawbacks of the short texts, semantic word expansion based on concepts and word-embeddings vectors are proposed. Then, for classification task, decision tree and decision tree based ensemble classifiers such as Adaptive Boosting, Bootstrap Aggregating, Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Decision Tree and Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithms are used. Also, the imbalanced dataset problem is solved by oversampling. Experiments on the dataset show that extremely randomized trees with word-embedding vectors as input achieved 85.66% F-score.
PRIMER DESIGN OF CVPDr DNA FRAGMENT SEQUENCES THAT AMPLIFY SPECIFIC FRAGMENTS TO DISTINCT THE RESISTANT FRAGMENT FROM Triphasia trifolia (Burm. F.) P. Wils. AND THE SUSCEPTIBLE FRAGMENT FROM Citrus nobilis Lour.

CVPD is a DNA fragment that indicates that plants are resistant to CVPD. Previous research using primers that amplified 841 bp CVPD fragment was able to amplify the fragment from Triphasia trifolia that considers being a resistant plant, Citrus aurantifolia var. seedless which considers being a tolerant plant, and some susceptible citrus plants to CVPD disease. In this study, we designed some primers that amplified only CVPD DNA fragment from T. trifolia which consider as the resistant plant and a primer that amplified only DNA fragmen from Citrus nobilis which consider as the susceptible citrus plants. The primers for CVPD on T. trifolia are TCATCTGCATGGGATACC for forward primer and GCCTTGAGCTTGTAAGTG for reverse primer which turned out to amplify the DNA of T. trifolia and also the C. nobilis cultivar Denpasar and only succeeded in not amplifying the C. nobilis cultivar Gianyar. The primers for CVPD on C. nobilis are GAATGGCTTAGCAGAAAGG for forward primer and GGTTGTAGATGGACATAGG for reverse primer turned out can not only amplify the DNA C. nobilis but also amplify T. trifolia.
The Prevalence of Gram-Negative Microorganisms Isolated from Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients in the Intensive Care Units of Southwest of Iran

BackgroundIncreasing microbial resistance is a severe threat to global public health. One of the most common diseases in the intensive care unit is ventilator-associated pneumonia.MethodsThe method of this research was non-interactive and descriptive. This study was carried out from January to March 2018, at the Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz. Patients with ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP) were included in the study. The prevalence of resistant gram-negative microorganisms was studied through reported laboratory antibiogram results of cultures.ResultsFrom 373 hospitalized patients, 38 (10.2%) were diagnosed with VAP. From the 57 respiratory cultures performed, overall 90 microorganisms were isolated, from which Enterobacter with 36 cases (39.5%) and E.Coli with 28 cases (30.7%) were most frequently compared to other organisms. From the 90 organisms responsible for the infection, 43 cases (47.2%) were Multiple drug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms and 47 (51.6%) were Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) microorganisms. Enterobacter and E.Coli were the most prevalent MDR microorganisms with 17 cases (39.5%) and 13 (30.2%), respectively. Also, these two microorganisms were the most abundant XDR microorganisms with 19 cases (40.4%) and 15 (31.9%), respectively.ConclusionThe results show the requirement of robust antibiotic monitoring and the optimization of antibiotic use in order to prevent the progression of antibiotic resistance in these units.
World heritage and social justice: Insights from the inscription of Yazd, Iran

Abstract UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) are known to add value to destinations. While the diverse impacts of WHS status have been investigated in relation to sustainable tourism development in various contexts, social justice perspectives remain poorly developed in the literature. We used netnographic research on social media supplemented with semi-structured interviews to investigate social justice issues arising from the WHS inscription of Yazd, Iran. Findings reveal a complexity of benefits (e.g. greater community well-being) and costs (e.g. higher prices and increased traffic) that are unequally distributed among stakeholders. We also found that cultural values represented by the WHS marginalize certain groups. Participation in decision-making processes is all but non-existent, leaving residents powerless to act upon concerns about tourism and cultural change. The research contributes to the emerging field of social justice in heritage tourism and heritage conservation. It offers theoretical and empirical insights that highlight the importance of social justice as an aspect of sustainable WHS management.
Water stress adaptation of popcorn roots and association with agronomic traits

Water stress reduces the yield of agricultural crops severely. The objectives of this study were to investigate genotypic differences between 20 popcorn lines in environments under wellirrigated (WW) and water stressed (WS) conditions to determine phenotypic, genetic and environmental relations among agronomic and root traits. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications per environment. The following traits were evaluated: volume of expanded popcorn per hectare (PV), grain yield (GY), popping expansion (PE), number of rings of adventitious roots (NRAR), number of adventitious roots (NAR), number of tap roots (NTR), number of crown roots (NCR), adventitious root density (ARD), tap root density (TRD), crown root density (CRD), tap root angle (TRA), and crown root angle (CRA). Under WS, the values of the agronomic traits PV, GY and PE were reduced by 74.03, 67.15 and 28.76%, respectively. Water stress had little influence on NRAR, NAR, DR, NTR, and NCR. Due to an adaptive response to WS, increases were observed in TRA and CRA. In general, the estimates of genetic parameters evaluated under WS were higher. Negative genetic associations between agronomic traits and TRD, and CRD were observed in cultivation under WS; selection for trait PV will produce simultaneous gains in GY and PE under this regime. Under well-watered conditions, the development of genotypes with satisfactory GY and PE is difficult. This reinforces the hypothesis that root phenotypes adapted to particular environments should be identified.
WNT ligands stimulate transient signaling in human pluripotent cells and synergize with TGF-β ligands to stimulate sustained signaling during differentiation

WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial to all stages of life. It controls early morphogenetic events in embryos, maintains stem-cell niches in adults, and is disregulated in many types of cancer. Despite its ubiquity, little is known about the dynamics of signal transduction or whether it varies across contexts. Here we probe the dynamics of signaling by monitoring nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, the primary transducer of canonical WNT signals, using quantitative live-cell imaging. We show that β-catenin signaling responds adaptively to constant WNT signaling in pluripotent stem cells, and that these dynamics become sustained upon differentiation. Varying dynamics were also observed in the response to WNT of commonly used mammalian cell lines. Signal attenuation in pluripotent cells is controlled by both intra- and extra-cellular negative regulation of WNT signaling. TGFβ-superfamily ligands Activin and BMP, which coordinate with WNT signaling to pattern the gastrula, increase the β-catenin response in a manner independent of their ability to induce new WNT-ligand production. Our results reveal how variables external to the pathway, including differentiation status and crosstalk with other pathways, dramatically alter WNT/β-catenin dynamics.
Satisfaction of visitors with food offer at gastronomic festivals in rural areas

The purpose of this paper is to explore visitors experience, habits and attributes that have significant impact on their satisfaction with food offer at “Plum Fair” held in Osecina. Collected data were analyzed and interpreted using some basic descriptive statistics techniques as well as non-parametric test such as Spearman's Rho. The results of the study showed that the majority of visitors come from the surrounding municipalities, motivated by the preservation of traditions and countryside. Purchase of food products was motivated by novelty as well as supporting local producers. Visitors were most satisfied with the taste of food products and least satisfied with their price. It might be noted that the rural gastronomic festivals and products have a great promotional and entrepreneurial potential by offering these products in the local restaurants as well as retail chains, which would positively affect the revitalization of rural area of Western Serbia.
Dexi disruption depletes gut microbial metabolites and accelerates autoimmune diabetes

Non-coding genetic variants in the CLEC16A gene on human chromosome 16p13.13 are associated with risk of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. In this region, we previously identified DEXI, a candidate causal gene of unknown function, which alters the risk of type 1 diabetes, where the T1D predisposing allele is associated with lower DEXI expression. Here, we demonstrate by CRISPR mutagenesis in vivo and deep phenotyping that disrupted Dexi expression accelerates diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, a spontaneous model of autoimmune pancreatic beta-cell destruction. Mutant mice have increased serum IgM and IgA concentrations compared to wild-type NOD mice, as well as changes in both the gut microbiome and molecular metabolites associated with microbial metabolism. These findings suggest that the mechanism by which DEXI alters diabetes risk involves the composition and function of the microbiome and its impact on host metabolites. Such metabolites, including short chain fatty acids such as butyrate, have been shown to alter the activity of the immune cells involved in beta-cell destruction and susceptibility of the beta cells to autoimmune attack. One Sentence Summary: Disruption of the Dexi gene leads to accelerated diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, accompanied by changes in serum immunoglobulins, gut microbiome and microbial metabolites.
Political Corruption and Cost of Equity

Using U.S. Department of Justice data on state-level political corruption, we find that, consistent with the Harmful Corruption Environment Hypothesis (HCEH), firms situated in states with higher levels of corruption incur higher costs of equity (CoEs). These results are robust for additional controls, propensity score matching, use of instrumental variables, exogenous shocks, and alternate measures for main dependent and primary independent research variables. Our study extends the stream of literature that investigates the influence of local ethical or trust factors on CoE and complements works by El Ghoul and colleagues and Gupta and colleagues.
Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers

Since ashes are a possible source of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) contamination, their application in soils must be subject to more study and control. In this scope, feed residual forest biomasses and biomass ashes, collected along one year in four biomass power stations, were characterized mainly for their polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents. The biomasses present concerning levels of Cl (0.04–0.28%) that may lead to PCDD/Fs formation. The biomasses also contain OCDD (29–260 ng/kg) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD (35 ng/kg) that may contribute to increased Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) of ashes, possibly involving dechlorination and ash enrichment mechanisms. While the WHO2005-TEQs in bottom ashes (14–20 ng TEQ/kg) reaches the proposed limit (20 ng TEQ/kg) for ash use as fertilizers, in fly ashes (35–1139 ng TEQ/kg) the limit is exceeded. PAHs are below 0.02 mg/kg in bottom ashes and 1.5–2.5 mg/kg in fly ashes, complying with the proposed limit of 6 mg/kg. As bottom and fly ash streams may contain different ash flows, a clear definition of ash mixes is required. Correlations between unburned carbon (C), PAHs and PCDD/Fs were not found, which highlights the need for compulsory PCDD/Fs analysis in ashes, independently of their origin, burnout degree or levels of other contaminants. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of handling non-detected values, which showed more impact for TEQs values close to the proposed regulatory limit of PCDD/Fs. These findings highlight the need to define reporting protocols of analytical results for risk assessments and conformity evaluation.
Effect of Different Salt Concentrations (NaCl) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato cv. BINA Tomato-10

The experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate the rate of seeds germination and early seedlings growth of tomato under different levels of salinity. Experimental treatments consisted on five levels of natrium chloride (NaCl) (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM). Seeds of tomato cv. BINA Tomato-10 were placed on Petri dishes for germination. Data on germination percentage, germination coefficient, length of radicle and plumule, fresh and dry mass of radicle and plumule, seed vigor index were recorded at different days after sowing. NaCl solutions significantly affected seed germination and growth of germinated seedlings. At 11 DAS, the highest seed germination (94.67%), maximum germination coefficient (15.91), longest radicle (7.61 cm) and plumule (5.77 cm), maximum seed vigor index (1266.34), highest fresh and dry mass of radicle (12.5 mg and 1.63 mg) and plumule (23.95 mg and 1.02 mg) were recorded in control treatment. High concentration of salt solution (150 mM NaCl) found to be detrimental for seed germination and seedling growth. BINA Tomato-10 can be recommended for the area having moderate level of salinity.
Gender dysphoria: Definitions, classifications, neurobiological profiles and clinical treatments

This work focuses on the theme of gender dysphoria and in particular on clinical, psychopathological and anatomy physiological elements, to understand if there are substantial elements to suppose the neurophysiological diversity between a dysphoric people and a not-dysphoric people, and therefore understand if these are the differences which cause the dysphoric condition or whether the dysphoric condition shapes the anatomy and physiology of the brain by inducing changes.
Localisation-based distributed control of timed discrete-event systems with communication delay

We study localisation-based distributed control of timed multi-component discrete-event systems with communication delay in the Brandin–Wonham framework. First, we propose channel models for inter-component event communication with bounded and unbounded delays; the channel models are treated as plant components. In this formulation, there exist multiple distinct observable event sets; thus we employ timed relative coobservability to synthesise partial-observation decentralised supervisors. Then, we localise these supervisors into local controllers and preemptors, which provably tolerate the specified bounded and unbounded communication delays. Finally, the derived local controllers and preemptors are allocated to each plant component, thereby building a purely distributed control architecture of TDES with communication delay. The above results are illustrated by a timed workcell example.
Research advances on driving mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in sloping fields

Slope runoff and its associated soil nutrient loss are affected by precipitation, topography, underlying surface conditions and soil physical and chemical properties. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in slopes is an important cause of soil quality degradation and eutrophication of water bodies. Therefore, based on the study of rainfall runoff, the loss of soil nutrients and the change of runoff quality in the process of runoff can be further analyzed, which can provide reference for controlling nutrient loss and revealing the mechanism of nutrient loss. In this paper, the current situation of the study on the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in sloping fields at home and abroad is analyzed from five aspects of precipitation, topography, soil characteristics, vegetation and human activities. The possible research directions in the future are put forward from three aspects of precipitation characteristics, topography and vegetation conditions, so as to provide ideas for more systematic study on the loss mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus in sloping fields.
Antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus spp. on experimentally Vibrio spp. infected Penaeus monodon

The research was aimed to determine the present status of probiotics (Lactobacillus spp.) and pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio spp.) of culture pond as well as to determine whether the isolated probiotic Lactobacillus spp. can act as a controlling agent on experimentally pathogenic Vibrio spp. infected Penaeus monodon. In In-vitro test of gills and intestinal tracts, the potential antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus spp. toward Vibrio spp. was gradually observed at 4 hour of probiotic treatment. At 12 hour the viable count of Vibrio spp. was drastically reduced in gill from 2.33×10 to 1.03×10 (CFUg) and in intestinal tract 2.35×10 to 6.43×10 (CFUg). While, in In-vivo test, in case of muscle, gills and intestinal tract antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus spp. toward Vibrio spp. was noticed after 9 hours, 21 hours and 27 hours respectably of probiotic injected shrimps. However, only the result of in-vitro challenge test revealed that, Lactobacillus spp. significantly reduced the Vibrio spp. viable count of the gills of the selected samples (P=0.037). The investigation showed antagonistic effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.) on experimentally Vibrio spp. infected shrimp.
Behavior of Sustainable Reinforced Concrete Building Containing Waste Plastic and Fibers

Plenty of waste plastic is one of the major problems for environmental sustainability as plastic contaminates the mainland, rivers, and seas. Moreover, many-sided behavior of waste plastic (lightweight, flexible, cheap, strong, and moisture-resistant) can make it a replacement for or alternative to coarse aggregate in concrete. This paper investigates the properties and strength of reinforced concrete flat plate slabs using recycled waste plastic as a coarse aggregate instead of the conventional aggregate to produce lightweight concrete. Also studying the effectiveness of adding polypropylene fibers for enhancing both concrete properties and shear strength of the reinforced concrete respectively in a flat slab. All specimens had the same dimensions and main flexural reinforcement ratio and they were subjected to concentrated vertical loads. Four mixes had been tested in this work, the results showed that using waste plastic mixed with polypropylene fibers to produce lightweight concrete was very promising. It was observed that by adding polypropylene fibers the failure pattern was shifted from punching to flexural. Ultimate load, crack pattern, and deflection had been included and discussed for all specimens.