Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polyaniline nanotubes: Catalysis and their conversion to carbon nanotubes

Polyaniline nanotubes, first synthesized by Parasarathy and Martin in 1994, have been studied extensively in recent years. [l] The study of these nanodimensional particles has been oriented mostly toward an attempt to understand the electrical and magnetic properties surrounding these semi-one dimensional objects and also toward applications for their utilization. [2] The ability to produce these nano-particles chemically but, without a template was first discovered by Wan in 1999. [3] The use of chemical oxidants often produces undesirable byproducts during the reaction. Therefore, we have used this as a launching point in order to first mirror this template-less synthesis in our lab and subsequently produce these same tubules electrochemically. Our in-situ doped polymer nanotubes showed identical spectroscopic and thermal characteristics as is shown in the original paper in which they were produced. Both optical and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the polymer nanotubes samples and both revealed the presence of tubules in large quantities. The ability of these polymer nanotubes to produce a catalytic effect in the oxidation of aniline to form azobenzene was also investigated. This reaction was monitored by GC/MS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The polyaniline nanotubes were found to exhibit a slight catalysis in this oxidation by suppression of byproduct azoxybenzene formation. A different avenue was then taken in defining the changes which these polymers undergo upon heat treatment in different atmospheres. It was subsequently determined that the polyaniline nanotubes can be converted into carbon under an argon atmosphere. Furthermore, the conformational restriction provided by the parent polyaniline nanotubes seem to offer a means by which carbon nanotubes can be preferentially formed when heated to 275C. This was determined analytically by FTIR spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was then again used to provide proof that walled carbon nanotubes are formed at 275C and that multi-walled carbon nanotubes are formed at somewhere between 600-1000C. These two allotropic forms of carbon are separated by a transition to glassy carbon occurring at 400C.
Modeling of Aerosol Radiation-Relevant Parameters in the Troposphere of Siberia on the Basis of Empirical Data

The paper presents the generalized empirical model of the aerosol optical characteristics in the lower 5-km layer of the atmosphere of West Siberia. The model is based on the data of long-term airborne sensing of the vertical profiles of the angular scattering coefficient, aerosol disperse composition, as well as the content of absorbing particles. The model provides for retrieval of the aerosol optical characteristics in visible and near IR wavelength ranges (complex refractive index, scattering and absorption coefficients, optical depth, single scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor of the scattering phase function). The main attention in the presented version of the model is given to two aspects: The study of the effect of the size spectrum of the absorbing substance in the composition of aerosol particles on radiative-relevant parameters (the single scattering albedo (SSA) and the asymmetry factor (AF)) and the consideration of different algorithms for taking into account the relative humidity of air. The ranges of uncertainty of SSA and AF at variations in the modal radius of the absorbing fraction at different altitudes in the troposphere are estimated.
Self-Esteem as a Predictor of Treatment Outcome Among Women with Eating Disorders

SELF-ESTEEM AS A PREDICTOR OF TREATMENT OUTCOME AMONG WOMEN WITH EATING DISORDERS Suzanne F. Plowman Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education Doctor of Philosophy Current empirical evidence suggests that true recovery from eating disorders is not possible without a corresponding improvement in body image and self-esteem. Ten studies in current literature evaluate this relationship between self-esteem and clinical eating disorders during inpatient treatment or during follow-up studies but do not provide both pre(baseline) and posttreatment self-esteem scores. As a result, many questions about the nature of the relationship between eating disorders and self-esteem remain unanswered. The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate whether a comprehensive measure of self-esteem, given to women at the beginning of inpatient treatment for eating disorders, reliably predicted treatment outcome. Specific and global levels of self-esteem were determined by the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI). Pearson Product Moment Correlations run on SPSS 10 were used to determine significant results. Participants in this study included 246 women experiencing anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified who received inpatient treatment at the Center for Change (CFC), in Orem, Utah, during the years 1996 to 2003. For the purposes of this study, outcome was measured upon termination of treatment at the Center for Change. CFC discharge was based on clinical judgment of progression through the treatment program, medical stability, reduction of purging behaviors, body weight, as well as attainment of additional treatment goals designed by the therapist. The results of the current study replicate earlier research that reports that positive treatment outcome is nearly always associated with high self-esteem at discharge. These findings extend earlier research by suggesting that high levels of self-esteem at admission are associated with positive treatment outcome. This investigation, which is the first to examine self-esteem change scores between admission and discharge, found that women who experience the greatest decrease in eating disorder symptomatology are those who presented at admission with low self-esteem. Further, a significant association was found between improvements in self-esteem and decreases in eating disorder symptomatology. These findings suggest that the women who report high selfesteem at admission, or women who have low self-esteem but make dramatic improvements by discharge, are likely to experience significant reductions in disordered eating behaviors.
Wideband Magnetic-Electric Antenna with Linear Single or Dual Polarization

A wideband antenna is designed based on the concept of equivalent magnetic dipole and electric dipole combinations with excellent radiation characteristics. Single linear polarization design with two different excitations achieves good radiation symmetry and low cross-polarization. The dual-polarization case has a 67% bandwidth and isolation better than 30 dB. The present design and construction of the antenna provides simple solutions compared with similar antennas in the literature. This design avoids loading the antenna with dielectric in the active region. The agreement between measured and simulated results is excellent. The suggested antenna construction is very simple and solves many of the problems related to the practical excitation of this antenna.
A Programmable Accessory for Cell Phones

Low-tier cell phones like the Nokia 1100, 1200, 2600 etc, are commonly used by individuals from low-income groups in developing regions [1]. While these phones are cheap and affordable (within the $20-$30 range), they do not have a programmable runtime environment like Android, J2ME, Symbian, Windows Mobile etc, available on mid to high tier mobile phones. Hence mobile application developers are unable to create applications for these phones. This restricts the services that can be delivered to users of such phones.
ALGORITMA LATENT SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ( LSA )

Document clustering techonology has a significant role in the advancement of information technology, such as an important role for web development in the field of automatic keyword categorization accuracy on search engine, news classification for electronic newspaper, improvement of site rank using Search Engine Optimization (SEO) technology and enable to be implemented in various information technology, therefore is needed a research to improve accuracy in document clustering. In this research, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) algorithm can do sentence reduction process better than Feature Based algorithm so could be resulted in more accurate document clustering process. Several steps of clustering in this research are preprocessing, automatic document compression using feature method, automatic document compression using LSA, word weighting and clustering algorithm. The result of this research shows accuracy rating for automatic document compression using LSA in document clustering processing get the rating of 71,04% that was obtained on automatic document compression with LSA of 40% compared with clustering without automatic document compression that is only get the accuracy rating of 65,97%. Techno.COM, Vol. 13, No. 1, Februari 2014: 61-68 62
Une comparaison internationale des systèmes scolaires basée sur la mobilité sociale

We propose an international comparison of school systems in Oecd countries in terms of social mobility in schools based on the PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) test results in mathematics between 2003 and 2015. For each country, we calculate students' interdecile social mobility in schools on the basis of their ranking in the PISA test in mathematics, compared to their social ranking in their country, and compare this new index of equity to those generally used in Oecd studies (slope and intensity of social gradient, percentage of resilient students). A new representation, the “Great Gatsby curve of school”, in reference to the Great Gatsby curve of income, is proposed: the social mobility of a school system is closely linked to the educational inequality between students and schools. Countries such as Belgium or France with high levels of school inequality also stand out for low social mobility in schools. Inversely, countries such as Finland or Canada are characterised by low school inequality and high levels of social mobility in schools. A second important conclusion of the analysis is that the countries in which social mobility in schools is above average are also most often those with school achievement levels above the average. Codes JEL / JEL Classification : I21, I24 Mots-clés : PISA, mobilité sociale, inégalité, enseignement
Impact of Authentic Leadership on Follower Performance: a Multilevel Study

Previous studies on the positive role of authentic leadership (AL) lacked systematic cross-level investigations. In this study, 102 team leaders and 697 team members from local companies in China were used as subjects both to investigate the influence mechanism of AL at both the individual and team levels and to explore the cross-level relationship between the two levels. The results show that at the individual level, the leader-member exchange relationship plays a mediating role between individual-oriented AL behavior and an individual’s performance. At the team level, the team’s atmosphere plays a mediating role between team-oriented AL behavior and the individual’s performance. This study has important implications for the theory of leadership behavior and leadership practice.
Analysis of SiC grain size variation and NaCl concentration on the corrosion susceptibility of AA1070 aluminium matrix composites

Abstract Analysis of the impact SiC grain size at 10% wt. on the corrosion resistance of AA1070 aluminium matrix composites was studied in Cl− anion containing dilute H2SO4 solution. Studies were performed with potentiodynamic polarization and open circuit potential (OCP) measurement. Optical microscopic studies were performed on the corroded matrix composites. Results show that the corrosion susceptibility of the composites increased proportionately with increase in Cl− ion concentration. The matrix composites at 3 um and 9 um SiC grain size exhibited the lowest corrosion rate values in comparison to the base alloy and composites with larger SiC grain sizes. OCP values for the matrix composite at 0 µm SiC in the acid solution (0.25 M H2SO4/0% and 0.25% NaCl) was the most electronegative due to lower thermodynamic stability than matrix composites with larger SiC grain sizes. Optical microscopic studies show that corrosion was mainly localized for all specimens tested due to pitting at low Cl− ion concentration in comparison to general corrosion for the metal substrate and total destruction of the matrix composite morphology at higher chloride concentration. Results of statistical analysis through ANOVA showed that SiC grain sizes are more relevant than NaCl concentration in evaluation of the corrosion susceptibility of the matrix composite.
Difficulties in Securing Funding from Banks: Success Factors for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

Previous literature indicates that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience problems securing funds from banks to development their businesses. Although SMEs are the backbone of every country and play a significant role in economic development, banks still appear reluctant to approve loans, especially to micro businesses. This situation has resulted in some SMEs turning to illegal money lenders/loan sharks or "Ah Long", because this is the fastest and easiest way of obtaining finance. Nevertheless, banks must consider several factors before they can approve a loan to SMEs because the credit risk associated with such a loan is high. The aims of this paper are to (i) explain the problems that banks face with loan applications by SMEs and (ii) examine the factors involved in obtaining loans from banks. The study employed a qualitative research approach, with officials from five banks in Malaysia interviewed about problems they faced with loan applications from SMEs. The paper attempts to contribute theoretically and practically to the literature on SMEs and provide information for SMEs on the factors that must be considered when dealing with banks. 
Prospective Study of Distal End Radius Fracture Volar Type Treated with Open Reduction Internal Fixation with Plating

Background Distal radius fractures are the most frequent fractures in the upper extremity. In adults they show a wide range of variation and are responsible for 10–20% of all skeletal fractures. The advent of fixed-angle locking plates has addressed inadequacies such as non-locked plates and has improved fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy volar locking plate in the management of the intra-articular and extra-articular volar fractures of distal end of radius of as well as to report the radiological and functional outcomes. Aims and Objectives To study the role of locking plate in volar fractures of distal end radius. Materials and Methods This prospective study comprised 25 patients. Fresh simple volar fracture (age >20 yrs) of lower end of radius presenting within a week of injury, who were treated with volar locking plate fixation at tertiary care teaching hospital was carried out from April 2012 to November 2014. Patients were evaluated for Stewart I radiological scoring system and Functional Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scoring system. The radiological and functional outcomes were measured and analysed using the ANOVA chi square test. Results According to Stewart score, in this study, 22 (88%) cases showed satisfactory anatomical results (good and excellent) hence volar fractures of distal radius is associated with satisfactory anatomical end result. Patient rated wrist evaluation scoring showed 22 patients with satisfactory functional results (good and excellent) considering pain and functional activities and 3 patients with unsatisfactory results (fair and poor). Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation with volar Locking plating has excellent functional outcome with minimal complications thus proving that it is a good modality of treatment for distal end radius fractures.
Gyro-kinetic simulation of global turbulent transport properties in tokamak experiments

A general geometry gyro-kinetic model for particle simulation of plasma turbulence in tokamak experiments is described. It incorporates the comprehensive influence of noncircular cross section, realistic plasma profiles, plasma rotation, neoclassical (equilibrium) electric fields, and Coulomb collisions. An interesting result of global turbulence development in a shaped tokamak plasma is presented with regard to nonlinear turbulence spreading into the linearly stable region. The mutual interaction between turbulence and zonal flows in collisionless plasmas is studied with a focus on identifying possible nonlinear saturation mechanisms for zonal flows. A bursting temporal behavior with a period longer than the geodesic acoustic oscillation period is observed even in a collisionless system. Our simulation results suggest that the zonal flows can drive turbulence. However, this process is too weak to be an effective zonal flow saturation mechanism.
Age-related resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and associated enzymatic changes in seedlings of Allium cepa and A. fistulosum

This research analysed the response of onion (Allium cepa) and A. fistulosum against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) isolates and the associated changes in peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities. The response of A. cepa and A. fistulosum at different stages of seedling development were also evaluated. Several seedling tests were performed, and disease symptoms were evaluated 12-14 days after inoculation. Allium fistulosum behaved as more resistant than A. cepa cultivars by exposition to the most aggressive Foc isolates at sowing date. Increased levels of peroxidase and glucanase activities were found in the A. cepa and A. fistulosum seedlings exposed to the pathogen, and were positively correlated with disease symptoms. For chitinase activity, this correlation was found only for A. cepa. Two peroxidase isoforms were found to be specific for A. fistulosum roots after inoculation and could be involved in resistance. The inoculation at 7, 14 and 42 days after sowing showed that both host species were resistant to Foc, proving that onion susceptibility decreased promptly after germination . However, an increase in peroxidase and glucanase activities in 7-and 14-day-old inoculated seedling was detected only for A. cepa, suggesting an earlier acquisition of resistance in A. fistulosum.
Unit Test Generation via Automated Isolation

Testing is a significantly time-consuming, yet commonly employed activity to improve the quality of software. Thus, techniques like dynamic symbolic execution were proposed for generating tests only from source code. However, current approaches usually could not create thorough tests for software units with dependencies (e.g. calls to file system or external services). In this paper, we present a novel approach that synthesizes an isolation sandbox, which interacts with the test generator to increase the covered behaviour in the unit under test. The approach automatically transforms the code of the unit under test, and lets the test generator choose values for parameters in the calls to dependencies. The paper presents a prototype implementation that collaborates with the IntelliTest test generator. The automated isolation is evaluated on source code from open-source projects. The results show that the approach can significantly increase the code coverage achieved by the generated tests.
AN INTEGRAL REPRESENTATION FOR THE FIBONACCI NUMBERS AND ITS GENERALIZATION

We report on an integral representation for the Fibonacci sequence Fn = 1 √ 5 (√ 5 + 1 2 )n − 2 π ∫ ∞ 0 sin(x/2) x cos(nx)− 2 sin(nx) sinx 5 sin x+ cos2 x dx and give two different proofs, with or without invoking complex analysis. These proofs allow us to present some generalizations of this integral representation along two different directions.
Natural radioactivity and the resulting radiation doses in some kinds of commercially marble collected from different quarries and factories in Egypt

Fourteen samples of marble were collected from different factories in Egypt. The samples were crushed, dried in controlled furnace for around twenty four hours, and then stored for five weeks in plastic Marinelli beakers. Concentrations and the U- and Th-bearing minerals were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The gamma radiation of the samples was measured, employing high resolution γ-ray spectroscopy with an accumulating time for about 80000 sec. each. From the measured γ -ray spectra, activity concentrations were determined for marble samples 226Ra (37. 6 ± 1.7 - 100.54 ± 3.2 Bq/kg), 232Th (3.57 ± 0.64 - 9.37 ± 1.80 Bq/kg) and 40K (30.68 ± 1.1 – 1196 ± 4.9 Bq/kg). The absorbed dose rates, annual effective dose rates, radium equivalent activities as well as the radiation hazard indices were estimated. The radium equivalent activities (Raeq) are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg? 1 set by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Exposure to radiation from the natural radioactivity in building materials. Report by a Group of Experts of the OECD, Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD, Paris, 1979) [1]. All obtained results referred to the fact that all the concentrations were within the allowed limits to domestic use. Comparing the results in this work with those published by International Atomic Energy Agency and local and universal researches, it was found that these concentrations were within the allowed limits for agricultural and domestic uses.
Early Renal Protocol Biopsies: For Some But Not For All Renal Transplant Patients?

Subclinical rejection following renal transplant is associated with worse outcomes, which can be prevented if recognized early. Protocol allograft biopsies have emerged as an option to identify and allow treatment of subclinical rejection, but optimal timing for their performance is not established. We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 52 low immunological risk patients, who were submitted, from 2007 to 2010, to de novo renal transplant. We separated them into two groups depending on performing an early graft protocol biopsy before hospital discharge: Group A – 32 patients (61.5%) performed a protocol biopsy, and group B – 20 patients (38.5%) did not, the biopsy being considered not essential for various reasons. We analysed patients’ demographics, biopsy complications, graft function, rejection episodes, and patient and graft survival for a median follow-up time of 63.3 months (50.3-83.7). Group A and group B differed in gender (more female patients were biopsied), dialysis vintage (higher in group A), human leucocyte antigen mismatch (higher in group A), and induction protocol (more patients submitted to thymoglobulin than to basiliximab in group A). Protocol biopsy detected histological changes in four patients (12.5%) in group A (2 cellular and 2 borderline rejections), and all were treated accordingly. Moderate peri-graft hematoma was reported in two cases (3.9%). Despite the increased risk in group A, renal function at discharge was better than in group B (p < 0.05 for serum creatinine and eGFR). During follow-up, rejection episodes were similar in the two groups. By the end of follow-up (median 63.3 months), proteinuria and renal function were similar between the two groups. Using a multivariate regression model, and despite the initial differences, at the end of follow-up, patients submitted to early protocol biopsies had similar excellent prognosis as the very low-risk patients who were not biopsied. (p = 0.5). Following our results, we propose that timing of early protocol biopsy should be individualized according to the patient’s clinical and immunological risk.