Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
5. SIGNIFICANCE OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT PROTEINS IN EGFR-MUTANT NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

5.1 BACKGROUND Several reports have highlighted a potential relationship between EGFR mutations and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. PD-L1 expression is reportedly associated with EGFR mutations in NSCLC (221,222). In murine NSCLC models, EGFR signaling arising from EGFR mutations led to induction of PD-L1 expression and immune escape, whereas EGFR TKI treatment led to down-regulation of PD-L1 expression (223). In addition to PD-L1 and PD-1, numerous other proteins are involved in the regulation of tumour immunity. Of these, CTLA-4, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) have emerged as potential therapeutic targets (27). Given the high incidence of somatic EGFR mutations in East Asian patients with NSCLC, and the key role of immune checkpoint proteins in evading tumour immune-surveillance, the aim of work presented in this chapter was to characterize the significance of immune checkpoint proteins in EGFR mutant NSCLC. The expression patterns and prognostic significance of PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4 and TIM-3 were analyzed in tumours from NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations who were treated with first-line EGFR TKIs. This should allow some insight to be gained into the role of these proteins and the potential value of immune checkpoint inhibition in the above setting.
Future changes in isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX SOA) under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: the importance of physicochemical dependency

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a dominant contributor of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere, but the complexity of SOA formation chemistry hinders the accurate representation of SOA in models. Volatility-based SOA parameterizations have been adopted in many recent chemistry modeling studies and have shown a reasonable performance compared to observations. However, assumptions made in these empirical parameterizations can lead to substantial errors when applied to future climatic conditions as they do not include the mechanistic understanding of processes but are rather fitted to laboratory studies of SOA formation. This is particularly the case for SOA derived from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX SOA), for which we have a higher level of understanding of the fundamental processes than is currently parameterized in most models. We predict future SOA concentrations using an explicit mechanism and compare the predictions with the empirical parameterization based on the volatility basis set (VBS) approach. We then use the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2.1.0) with detailed isoprene chemistry and reactive uptake processes for the middle and end of the 21st century under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5. With the explicit chemical mechanism, we find that IEPOX SOA is predicted to increase on average under all future SSP scenarios but with some variability in the results depending on regions and the scenario chosen. Isoprene emissions are the main driver of IEPOX SOA changes in the future climate, but the IEPOX SOA yield from isoprene emissions also changes by up to 50 % depending on the SSP scenario, in particular due to different sulfur emissions. We conduct sensitivity simulations with and without CO 2 inhibition of isoprene emissions that is highly uncertain, which results in factor of 2 differences in the predicted IEPOX SOA global burden, especially for the high-CO 2 scenarios (SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5). Aerosol pH also plays a critical role in the IEPOX SOA formation rate, requiring accurate calculation of aerosol pH in chemistry models. On the other hand, isoprene SOA calculated with the VBS scheme predicts a nearly constant SOA yield from isoprene emissions across all SSP scenarios; as a result, it mostly follows isoprene emissions regardless of region and scenario. This is because the VBS scheme does not consider heterogeneous chemistry; in other words, there is no dependency on aerosol properties. The discrepancy between the explicit mechanism and VBS parameterization in this study is likely to occur for other SOA components as well, which may also have dependencies that cannot be captured by VBS parameterizations. This study highlights the need for more explicit chemistry or for parameterizations that capture the dependence on key physicochemical drivers when predicting SOA concentrations for climate studies.
A Smart Approximation Algorithm for Minimum Vertex Cover Problem based on Min-to-Min (MtM) Strategy

In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm based on min-to-min approach. In the proposed algorithm first the degree of each vertex of the graph is calculated. Next the vertex with minimum degree is selected, after which all the neighbors of the minimum degree are located. In the neighbors of the minimum degree vertex, again the vertex with the minimum degree is found and put into the set minimum vertex cover and deleted from the graph. Again, the degree of each vertex of the updated graph is calculated and again the same process is repeated until the graph becomes empty. In case of tie, all the neighbors of the minimum degree vertices are computed and then the minimum degree vertex in all of them is added to minimum vertex degree set. The same process is repeated until the graph becomes empty. The proposed algorithm is a very simple, efficient, and easy to understand and implement. The proposed min-to-min algorithm is evaluated on small as well as on large benchmark instances and the results indicate that the performance of the min-to-min algorithm is far better as compared to the other state-of-art algorithms in term of accuracy and computation complexity. We have also used the proposed method to solve the maximum independent set problem. Keywords—Minimum vertex cover; approximation algorithms; maximum independent set; benchmark instances; graph theory
Stepper based maskless microlithography using a liquid crystal display for massively parallel direct-write of binary and multilevel microstructures

A versatile photolithographic photoplotter based on a standard photoreduction stepper where the reticle is replaced by a commercial liquid crystal microdisplay is reported. The microdisplay module is designed as a drop-in replacement allowing the photoplotter to be simply and quickly converted into a standard stepper making it an extremely versatile, low cost R&D tool. Binary and multilevel plotting are demonstrated with plot rates of several Mpixels/s and 1 micron feature sizes into standard industrial photoresists. The limitations on plot rate and resolution are presented and techniques for overcoming them discussed.
Platelet therapy use in veterinary medicine

Platelet Therapy has been a successful tool for the treatment of osteoarthritis in both small animal and equine patients. Platelets provide a naturally occurring stockpile of growth factors (GFs) and signaling molecules that govern healing and tissue regeneration[1]. The same bioreactive properties that allow platelet therapy to mitigate the vicious cycle of osteoarthritis and ameliorate sequelae associated with its presence in joints, may be leveraged to do the same in several other conditions. Methods for concentrating platelets have traditionally used centrifugation to create a product known as platelet rich plasma (PRP). A newer method designed to concentrate platelets and platelet derived growth factors using gravity filtration has been developed and this concentrate is referred to as platelet enhancement therapy (PET) or platelet concentrate. Both methods are designed to deliver platelets that can release bioactive molecules and growth factors. This white paper is intended to provide evidence-based guidance in the evaluation of PRP as a therapy for veterinary patients.
for reciprocal nurse-parent partnership

Withdrawal assessment in critically ill children is complicated by the reliance on non-specific behaviours and compounded when the child’s typical behaviours are unknown. The existing approach to withdrawal assessment assumes that nurses elicit the parents’ view of the child’s behaviours. Objective and research methodology: This qualitative study explored parents’ perspectives of their child’s withdrawal and preferences for involvement and participation in withdrawal assessment. Parents of eleven children were interviewed after their child had completed sedation weaning during recovery from critical illness. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Parents experienced varying degrees of partnership in the context of withdrawal assessment and identified information deficits which contributed to their distress of parenting a child with withdrawal syndrome. Most parents were eager to participate in withdrawal assessment and reported instances where their knowledge enabled a personalised interpretation of their child’s behaviours. Reflecting on the reciprocal nature of the information deficits resulted in the development of a model for nurse-parent collaboration in withdrawal assessment. Conclusion: Facilitating nurse-parent collaboration in withdrawal assessment may have reciprocal benefits by moderating parental stress and aiding the assessment and management of withdrawal syndrome.
SPATIAL DEPENDENCE AND SPACE-TIME TREND IN EXTREME EVENTS BY JOHN

The statistical theory of extremes is extended to independent multivariate observations that are non-stationary both over time and across space. The non-stationarity over time and space is controlled via the scedasis (tail scale) in the marginal distributions. Spatial dependence stems from multivariate extreme value theory. We establish asymptotic theory for both the weighted sequential tail empirical process and the weighted tail quantile process based on all observations, taken over time and space. The results yield two statistical tests for homoscedasticity in the tail, one in space and one in time. Further, we show that the common extreme value index can be estimated via a pseudo-maximum likelihood procedure based on pooling all (non-stationary and dependent) observations. Our leading example and application is rainfall in Northern Germany.
Exploring Transformer-based Language Recognition using Phonotactic Information

This paper describes an encoder-only approach based on the “Transformer architecture” applied to the language recognition (LRE) task using phonotactic information. Due to the use of one global set of phonemes to recognize all languages, the proposed system needs to overcome difficulties due to the overlapping and high co-occurrences of similar phone sequences across languages. To mitigate this issue, we propose a single transformer-based encoder trained for classification, where the attention mechanism and its capability of handling large sequences of phonemes help to find discriminative sequences of phonotactic units that contribute to correctly identify the language for short, mid and long audio segments. The proposed approach provides significant improvements, outperforming phonotactic-based RNNs and Glove-based i-Vectors architectures, getting a relative improvement of 5.5% and 38.5% respectively. Our experiments were carried out using phoneme sequences obtained by the “Allosaurus phoneme recognizer” applied to the Kalaka-3 Database. This dataset is challenging since the languages to identify are mostly similar (i.e. Iberian languages, e.g. Spanish, Galician, Catalan). We provide results using the 𝐶 𝑎𝑣𝑔 metric proposed for NIST evaluations.
Vector Representations of Idioms in Chatbots

Open-domain chatbots have advanced but still have many gaps. My PhD aims to solve a few of those gaps by creating vector representations of idioms (ﬁgures of speech) that will be beneﬁcial to chatbots and natural language processing (NLP), generally. In the process, new, optimal fastText embeddings in Swedish and English have been created and the ﬁrst Swedish analogy test set, larger than the Google original, for intrinsic evaluation of Swedish embeddings has also been produced. Major milestones have been attained and others are soon to follow. The deliverables of this project will give NLP researchers the opportunity to measure the quality of Swedish embeddings easily and advance state-of-the-art (SotA) in NLP.
Singular BPS boundary conditions in N = ( 2 , 2 ) supersymmetric gauge theories

We derive general BPS boundary conditions in two-dimensional N = (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories. We analyze the solutions of these boundary conditions, and in particular those that allow the bulk fields to have poles at the boundary. We also present the brane configurations for the halfand quarter-BPS boundary conditions of the N = (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories in terms of branes in Type IIA string theory. We find that both A-type and B-type brane configurations are lifted to M-theory as a system of M2-branes ending on an M5-brane wrapped on a product of a holomorphic curve in C2 with a special Lagrangian 3-cycle in C3.
International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies (IJMBS)

Information regarding specific anatomic anomalies affords the physician the opportunity to offer the patient sophisticated prenatal procedures, such as fetal surgery or selective fetal reduction in multiple gestations. Likewise, prenatal knowledge about genetic, physiologic, and/or anatomic abnormalities enables the physician to tailor or manage the timing and mode of delivery for optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Prenatal diagnosis also allows the neonatal and paediatric specialists to be adequately prepared for a potentially ill neonate at delivery. Recent progress in the fields of maternal fetal medicine, radiology, and genetics has resulted in great advances in prenatal diagnosis. Ultrasonography is the initial modality for evaluation of pregnant patient because of its widespread availability and reasonable cost, with other modalities used only if Ultrasonography results are non diagnostic. Hence based on above data the present study was planned Study of Congenital Fetal anomalies with the Help of Sonographic Evaluation. The present study was planned in Department of RadioDiagnosis, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, India. All pregnant females of second trimester who are referred from obstetrics and gynaecology department and thus sent to department of Radio diagnosis for antenatal Sonographic examination. A complete antenatal ultrasound examination of pregnant women included in the study will be done using gray scale & colour duplex examination. Obstetric ultrasonography has become an important part of routine antenatal care. Routine anomaly screening improves perinatal outcome directly through termination of pregnancy for certain anomalies. Congenital fetal anomalies are one of the most threatening complications which are prevalent in the society associated with severe morbidity and mortality in the new born fetus or neonates. Ultrasound is the best possible non-invasive technique available to detect any congenital anomalies in pregnant women which will help to identify the severity of the disease, its outcome leading to pregnancy termination or gives an opportunity for fetal therapy or better neonatal care.
Statistical Dependence: Beyond Pearson’s ρ

Pearson's $\rho$ is the most used measure of statistical dependence. It gives a complete characterization of dependence in the Gaussian case, and it also works well in some non-Gaussian situations. It is well known, however, that it has a number of shortcomings; in particular for heavy tailed distributions and in nonlinear situations, where it may produce misleading, and even disastrous results. In recent years a number of alternatives have been proposed. In this paper, we will survey these developments, especially results obtained in the last couple of decades. Among measures discussed are the copula, distribution-based measures, the distance covariance, the HSIC measure popular in machine learning, and finally the local Gaussian correlation, which is a local version of Pearson's $\rho$. Throughout we put the emphasis on conceptual developments and a comparison of these. We point out relevant references to technical details as well as comparative empirical and simulated experiments. There is a broad selection of references under each topic treated.
The effects of stocking density on growth performance of Pekin ducks Pekin ördeklerinde yerleşim sıklığının yetiştirme performansına etkileri

The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of actual stocking density on the growth performance parameters in Pekin ducks. A total of 240 mixed sex ducklings were used with stocking densities of 3, 5 and 7 poults m -2 during the 42 day growing period. Live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and productivity index parameters were investigated to determine growth performance. As the stocking density decreases, LW values were found to be increasing visibly after 3 weeks of age (P<0.05), live weight gain and total live weight values were found to be increasing from the first week (P<0.05). The achieved total live weight in unit area increased parallel to increasing stocking density catching the peak at 7 ducklings m -2 stocking density (P<0.05). Feed conversion values were found to be increasing in low stocking density groups from the first week (P<0.05). Therewithal, feed conversion ratio was found to be increasing with declining stocking density till the third week of age (P<0.05) but, hereafter this effect disappeared (P>0.05). Mortality occurred in the trial was found not to be affected by stocking density (P>0.05), whereas by declining stocking density, productivity index was found to be increasing however in parallel Live Weight per unit area was also found to be decreasing together (P<0.05). When a general revision is made from the research, increasing stocking density has a positive effect on performance parameters of Pekin ducks except total live weight per unit area.
Curving the cells inside and out: Roles of BAR-domain proteins in intracellular trafficking, shaping organelles, and cancer

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Curving the cells inside and out: Roles of BAR-domain proteins in intracellular trafficking, shaping organelles, and cancer Mijo Simunovic, Emma Evergren, Andrew Callan-Jones, Patricia Bassereau
Direct‐view microscopy: optical sectioning strength for finite‐sized, multiple‐pinhole arrays

Direct‐view microscopes use multiple‐aperture arrays in the source and detector planes. We develop a theory for brightfleld and fluorescence direct‐view microscopy which allows us to determine the optical sectioning strength for finite‐sized, multiple‐pinhole arrays with an arbitrary distribution of apertures. We specialize to the cases of square, hexagonal and interleaving Archimedean spiral arrays and consider the implications of the array configuration on both the optical sectioning strength and the light budget.
Common Data Elements, Scalable Data Management Infrastructure, and Analytics Workflows for Large-Scale Neuroimaging Studies

Neuroscience studies require considerable bioinformatic support and expertise. Numerous high-dimensional and multimodal datasets must be preprocessed and integrated to create robust and reproducible analysis pipelines. We describe a common data elements and scalable data management infrastructure that allows multiple analytics workflows to facilitate preprocessing, analysis and sharing of large-scale multi-level data. The process uses the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) format and supports MRI, fMRI, EEG, clinical, and laboratory data. The infrastructure provides support for other datasets such as Fitbit and flexibility for developers to customize the integration of new types of data. Exemplar results from 200+ participants and 11 different pipelines demonstrate the utility of the infrastructure.
Elderly population and its relationship with loneliness

The elderly population is large in general and growing due to advancement of health care education. These people are faced with numerous physical, psychological and social role changes that challenge their sense of self and capacity to live happily. Many people experience loneliness and depression in old age, either as a result of living alone or due to lack of close family ties and reduced connections with their culture of origin, which results in an inability to actively participate in the community activities. With advancing age, it is inevitable that people lose connection with their friendship networks and that they find it more difficult to initiate new friendships and to belong to new networks. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships among depression, loneliness and sociability in elderly people.
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN BEEF TISSUES FROM CATTLE FED FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND THEIR BYPRODUCTS

Muscle, adipose, liver and kidney tissue samples were collected from cattle fed potato processing residue (n=20), apple pomace (n=20), pear pomace (n=10), cannery corn waste (n=20), cotton gin trash (n=20), tomato pomace plus almond hulls (n=16), dried grape solids (n=10) or dried citrus pulp (n=6) as well as from control cattle which were not fed fruits, vegetables or their byproducts (n=21). All adipose tissue samples (n=143), representative samples of the above feeds (n=24) and representative samples of muscle (n=35), liver (n=35) and kidney (n=35) tissues were assayed for acephate, benomyl, captafol, cypermethrin, folpet, azinphos-methyl, captan, chlorothalonil, ethyl parathion, and permethrin. In 2,720 tests for the aforementioned oncogenic pesticides, eight tests were positive, but no residue amount that would be considered violative was detected. The only pesticide detected was benomyl and it was detected at nonviolative levels in the adipose tissue of cattle that had been fed either apple pomace or pear pomace.
Hammerstein and Wiener nonlinear models identification using a multimodal particle swarm optimizer

A new solution to nonlinear systems identification based on Hammerstein and Wiener models, is developed using tools from evolutionary algorithms. A particle swarm optimizer including a dynamic niching procedure is resorted to find, on one hand, the parameters of the dynamic model of the linear part and, on the other hand, the coefficients of the polynomial approximations of the nonlinear input and output elements. The performances of the proposed solution which are illustrated through a numerical example show that PSO is well suited to deal with system identification problems involving high order dynamics and strong nonlinearities
Economic growth and energy consumption : comparative analysis of V 4 and the “ old ”

Our paper uses the panel data approach to investigate the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for V4 countries and for the 14 EU “old” Member States from 1995 to 2012. We defi ne the diff erences between the estimated results for these t wo groups of countries. We assume that there is a positive relationship between energy use and economic growth. Our results reveal that in the countries in question energy consumption is not neutral to economic growth. Th e estimation of GDP equation indicates that that energy consumption is positively related to economic growth. Energy consumption is a pro-growth variable which means that the increase in energy consumption causes the increase of economic growth. Moreover, the energy consumption in relation to GDP growth in the V4 countries seems to be more effi cient than in the “old” EU countries. Furthermore, our results point at the individual growth rate eff ect of GDP for every country that was not captured by the estimated model.