Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining sex differences in social-communication function across neurodevelopmental disorders: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are neurodevelopmental conditions with male predominance. Although social-communicative deficits have been observed in these neurodevelopmental disorders, few studies have systematically examined sex differences in social-communication function within and across disorders. To explore this, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, followed by a cohort study investigating sex differences in social-communication function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Findings suggest that sex differences significantly vary with age in children with both ASD and ADHD. Similarities but also distinct sex by age patterns were observed in aspects of social-communication function across disorders. Findings will help us understand the unique needs and experiences in males and females with neurodevelopmental disorders, guide research in the biological underpinnings of these conditions, and inform the development of treatments tailored to the needs of male and female patients.
Drosophila Inversion Polymorphism

Introduction (C.B. Krimbas and Jeffrey R. Powell). Inferring Chromosome Trees from Inversion Data (J. Sourdis and C.B. Krimbas). Inversion Polymorphisms in Drosophila Pseudoobscura and Drosophila Persimilis (J.R. Powell). The Inversion Polymorphism of Drosophila Subobscura (C.B. Krimbas). Chromosomal Variation in Drosophila Robusta Sturtevant (M. Levitan). Inversion Polymorphism in Drosophila Melanogaster (F. Lemeunier and S. Aulard). Inversion in Hawaiian Drosophila (H.L. Carson). Polytene Chromosome Maps for Hawaiian Drosophila (H.L. Carson, J. Tonzetich, and L.T. Teramoto). Cytological Evolution of the Drosophila Repleta Species Group (M. Wasserman).
CƠ CHẾ QUẢN TRỊ ĐẠI HỌC TỰ CHỦ VÀ YÊU CẤU HOÀN THIỆN PHÁP LUẬT TỰ CHỦ ĐẠI HỌC Ở VIỆT NAM

Bài viết làm rõ những vấn đề cơ bản về cơ chế quản trị đại học tự chủ, khái quát tiến trình thể chế hóa chủ trương tự chủ đại học và triển khai thực hiện tự chủ đại học trong thời gian qua, phân tích những hạn chế, bất cập của pháp luật và làm rõ nhu cầu hoàn thiện pháp luật về tự chủ đại học, đáp ứng yêu cầu đổi mới căn bản, toàn diện giáo dục đại học hiện nay.
Variation of peripheral blood BoCD2+, BoCD2+, BoCD4+, and BoCD8+ lymphocytes, the BoCD4:BoCD8 index and IgG antibodies in bovines infected and rechallenged with isolates of Anaplasma marginale of mexican origin

101 ABSTRACT. Peripheral blood (PB) BoCD2, BoCD4, and BoCD8 lymphocyte levels, the BoCD4:BoCD8 index (CDIndex) and levels of IgG antibodies to Anaplasma marginale were assessed by flow cytofluorometry and ELISA, respectively, in four bovines during infection and reinfection with mexican A. marginale isolates; and in four other animals which served as noninfected controls. During primary infection, the CDIndex and antibody levels increased after the rickettsemia dropped and there was a strong correlation between the CDIndex and the IgG titres. Upon rechallenge, the CD Index and IgG titres did not change significantly with respect to the values observed at the beginning of the study. Additionally, PB lymphocyte levels were estimated in 12 normal intact bovines. The results indicate that BoCD4+ lymphocytes help in the control of infection with mexican Anaplasma isolates in the primary infection and that the IgG antibodies play a minor role in protection from infection.
Occupational and environmental exposures, sperm DNA damage and infertility

Male factor infertility is a contributing factor in up to 50% of infertile couples. Increasing numbers of couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment and reports of a possible decline in male fertility suggest that lifestyle, occupational and environmental exposures might impair semen quality. Sperm DNA contains both DNA strand breaks and base damage that has been associated with poor semen quality but few studies have examined the role of double strand breaks (DSBs), a toxic lesion, or DNA damage such as N7-methyldeoxyguanosine (N7-MedG) arising from alkylating agents that can be toxic and mutagenic. The aim of this research was to examine the relationships between exposures, DNA damage and male fertility.Men were recruited from couples attending for ART treatment and they provided information on lifestyle, occupational and environmental exposures as well as a sperm sample. Semen concentration and motility was determined by standard techniques in the neat sample and the prepared sample that underwent density gradient centrifugation for ART treatment. DSBs were measured in individual sperm cells by the neutral Comet assay and N7-MedG levels in sperm DNA by an immunoslot blot assay. Information on ART outcomes (% fertilisation, % cleavage and clinical pregnancy) was collected and associations between DNA damage, exposures, semen quality and ART outcomes were determined. Expression of individual DNA repair proteins was also examined in individual oocytes.Men in manual work had significantly lower semen volumes and higher % immotile sperm. Exposure to dry cleaning fluids and having a fever were associated with a decrease in sperm number and while non-ionizing radiation was associated with an increase in % immotile sperm, X-ray exposure was correlated to a decrease in % progressively motile sperm. Semen parameters were significantly and negatively correlated with DSBs in neat and prepared sperm, and N7-MedG levels in neat sperm. Density gradient centrifugation improved sperm sample quality and decreased DSBs and N7-MedG levels significantly. Successful fertilization of oocytes was negatively associated with DSB levels in neat and prepared sperm and with N7-MedG levels in neat sperm. Lower DSB levels in men were associated with an increased chance of an achieving clinical pregnancy especially in ICSI couples. N7-MedG levels were significantly correlated with driving a car and exposure to detergent or printing inks and dyestuffs. DSBs were correlated negatively with exercise and positively with eating nuts and almonds or exposure to non-ionizing radiation. DNA repair gene expression in individual oocytes showed significant intra and inter-individual variability.Sperm DNA damage can reduce male fertility, but the causes of such damage remain to be identified. The variable ability of individual oocytes to repair this damage may well affect the chance for a successful pregnancy.
Different alterations of cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform and its gene expression in livers of patients with chronic liver diseases

AIM: To determine whether parenchymal cells or hepaticcytochrome P450 protein was changed in chronic liverdiseases, and to compare the difference of CYP3A4 enzymeand its gene expression between patients with hepaticcirrhosis and obstructive jaundice, and to investigate thepharmacologic significance behind this difference.METHODS: Liver samples were obtained from patientsundergoing hepatic surgery with hepatic cirrhosis (n=6) andobstructive jaundice (n=6) and hepatic angeioma (controls,n=6). CYP3A4 activity and protein were determined by Nashand western bloting using specific polychonal antibody,respectively. Total hepatic RNA was extracted andCYP3A4cDNA probe was prepared according the methodof random primer marking, and difference of cyp3a4expression was compared among those patients byNorthern blotting.RESULTS: Compared to control group, the CYP3A4 activityand protein in liver tissue among patients with cirrhosis wereevidently reduced. (P＜0.01) Northern blot showed the samechange in its mRNA levels. In contrast, the isoenzyme andits gene expression were not changed among patients withobstructive jaundice.CONCLUSION: Hepatic levels of P450s and its CYP3A4isoform activity were selectively changed in different chronicliver diseases. CYP3A4 isoenzyme and its activity declinedamong patients with hepatic cirrhosis as expression of cyp3a4gene was significantly reduced. Liver's ability to eliminatemany clinical therateutic drug substrates would declineconsequently, These findings may have practical implicationsfor the use of drugs in patients with cirrhosis and emphasizethe need to understand the metabolic fate of therapeuticcompounds. Elucidation of the reasons for these differentchanges in hepatic CYP3A4 may provide insight into morefundamental aspects and mechanisms of imparied liverfunction.
Adaptive Origins: Evolution and Human Development

1. Evolutionary Theory. 2. Contemporary Evolutionary Perspectives. 3. The Genetic Basis of Evolution and Development. 4. Human Origins. 5. Brain Evolution and Development. 6. Hormones and Behavior. 7. Facial Expressions and Basic Emotions. 8. Attachment in Infancy. 9. Theory of Mind and Language. 10. Sex Differences. 11. Mate Choice and Reproductive Strategies. 12. Darwinian Medicine and Evolutionary Psychiatry. 13. Altruism, Cooperation and Competition.
Measure Opinion Divergence with Obnormal Overturn and Build Investment Portfolios

The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) assumes that investors have homogenous expectation, which is obviously an idealized assumption of the real world. Behavioral finance expands the hypothesis of rational people, analyzes many bias of investors behaviores in the real world, and notices two of them: 1.information in the real world is not sufficient and asymmetrical; 2.investor's attention is limited and the prior belief are different among them. Many researches broaden the hypothesis of homogeneous expectation of capital asset pricing model and study the impact of investor heterogeneous beliefs on stock market equilibrium. Based on prior research, this paper uses the Chinese stock market(A-share) data from 2016 to 2017, modeling with daily frequency, calculates the daily abnormal turnover rate, and build portfolios with the abnormal turnover rate. The result of the portfolio is that the abnormal return of the day is significantly negatively correlated with the yield of the second trading day. This research introduce that abnormal overturn can be a efficient factor of asset pricing model. Keywords—Behavioral Finance, Turnover decomposition, Heterogeneous beliefs, Opinion divergence, Investment portfolio
Mating behaviour in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.1.save

ABSTRACT. Mating behaviour in the Anopheles gambiae complex was studied in the laboratory, using an infra‐red TV system to make observations in the ‘dark’. Maximum fertilization occurred when both sexes were at least 2 days old. In LD 12:12 most mating took place in the first hour of the dark phase. At this time, the males had erect fibrillae on the antennae and showed the maximum response to an artificial female flight tone, approaching, landing‐on and attempting to clasp the sound source. The cycle of fibrillar erection and of responsiveness to sound continued in constant dark. Males did not appear to discriminate on contact, between their own and other species. Previously mated females actively resisted copulation, but, when tethered, were unable to prevent the deposition of further internal mating plugs. Free‐flying, previously inseminated, females prevented the males from depositing internal plugs, but not from ejaculating and depositing external plugs. The differences between A.gambiae and the better known Stegomyia mosquitoes appear to be related to their different habits, A.gambiae males being less likely to encounter females of other species or inseminated females of their own species at the restricted time and place of mating.
Good quality Vitis RNA obtained from an adapted DNA isolation protocol

La vigne est une plante ligneuse dans laquelle les teneurs elevees en sucres et en composes phenoliques genent generalement l? extraction des acides nucleiques. Apres avoir essaye differents protocoles peu ou non satisfaisants d? extraction d? ARN des racines de Vitis Richter-110 (R-110), nous avons adapte une methode d? extraction de l? ADN de la vigne a celle des ARNs. Par de legeres modifications du protocole, nous avons obtenu de preparations d? ARN de tous les tissus vegetatifs libres de contamination de polysaccharides et de composes phenoliques sans pour autant alourdir la methodologie. Cet extrait d? ARN permet d? obtenir des preparations pures d? ARNm qui ont pu etre utilisees pour constuire une banque d? ADNc (ADN complementaire). Ainsi nous avons pu realiser des analyses de transcription des genes par la methode du Northern inverse, ce qui montre que l? integrite des ARNs est preservee. Par extension, cette methode peut etre utilisee pour d? autre materiel vegetal qui contient des concentrations elevees en polysaccharides et composes phenoliques
VARIABILITY IN WATER USE, CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF RICE AND WHEAT IN RECHNA DOAB, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

ABSTRACT Variation in water use, crop water productivity and profitability was studied across the sampled watercourses of theLagar Distributary of Upper Gogera branch of Lower Chenab Canal. Stratified random sampling technique was used toidentify and interview 120 farmers in total, ten each at head, middle and tail reaches of the four sampled watercourseusing well-structured questionnaire. Surface as well as groundwater is being used in the study area, either separately orjointly, with groundwater as a major shareholder. The area underground water irrigation increased from 58 acres at headto 113.8 acres at tail. Groundwater productivity of wheat was found higher at head (0.97 kg m -3 ) than middle (0.96 kg m -3 ) and tail (0.89 kg m -3 ). On the other hand, groundwater productivity of rice did not vary across the water channel. Themain reason was that water demand of the crop was mainly met by groundwater at all locations. The % share of differentinputs cost in total cost of production was determined. Fertilizer was found as the major contributor among landpreparation, labor cost, chemicals, irrigation, seed and harvesting etc. Favourable soil conditions and more reliance ongroundwater supplies resulted in greater gross value of product (GVP) and gross margins (GM) at the tail. At tail ends itis needed either to increase canal water allowance or government support to install electricity tubewells onsharing/collective basis. There is a need to promote resource conservation techniques like zero tillage, laser land levelingand watercourse lining to increase crop water productivity. This will also help to conserve groundwater.Key words: Water use; Crop water productivity; Profitability.
Understanding Immune Response in Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection

Buruli ulcer is a necrotizing skin infection and is the third most important mycobacterial disease in immune competent individuals after tuberculosis and leprosy in humid tropical countries. The causative agent, Mycobacterium ulcerans is unlike other mycobacterial pathogens in that it appears to maintain an extracellular location during infection. Another unusual feature of the bacterium is that it is the only mycobacterium known to produce a dermo-necrotic polyketide toxin called mycolactone. A single Buruli ulcer, which can cover 15% of a person's skin surface, contains huge numbers of extracellular bacteria. The infection is characterized by massive necrosis at the site of infection followed frequently by debilitating disfiguration. Despite their abundance and extensive tissue damage, there is a remarkable absence of acute inflammatory response to the bacteria, and lesions are often painless. Though there is extensive literature on interaction of other mycobacterial species with innate immune cells, information concerning interaction of M ulcerans with macrophages and neutrophils is scarce and requires further investigation. Research in this dissertation was geared towards understanding the poor innate immune response generated following M ulcerans infection. One hallmark of most diseases caused by mycobacteria including M tuberculosis, M bovis, M leprae, M marinum, M haemophilum is the ability of the bacilli to grow within host cells and cause granulomas. In contrast, M ulcerans primarily forms extracellular microcolonies within necrotic tissues and is rarely found within host cells. The role of mycolactone in the extracellular location of the bacteria was investigated using a macrophage infection model. Experiments using a panel of mycolactone negative
Thermal ecology and habitat selection of two cryptic skinks (Scincidae: Emoia cyanura, E. impar) on Mo'orea, French Polynesia

I studied the habitat selection and thermal biology of two cryptic South Pacific skinks (Emoia cyanura and Emoia impar) in order to determine whether or not differences in thermal preference affect habitat partitioning. I measured sun exposure and thermal characteristics of microhabitats selected by each skink, and then quantified preferred substrate temperatures and preferred body temperatures in a laboratory thermal gradient. Compared to E. impar, E. cyanura inhabited areas with open canopy cover, and selected significantly warmer substrates in the field and lab setting. E. cyanura also had a significantly higher preferred body temperature that E. impar. Furthermore, E. cyanura had significantly less variability in preferred body temperature than E. impar. These findings up hold Huey and Slatkin’s (1976) theory on the costs and benefits of lizard thermoregulation, and support the hypothesis that differences in thermal preference provide E. cyanura and E. impar with a mechanism for habitat partitioning.
Control of oxytetracycline-resistant American foulbrood with tylosin and its toxicity to honey bees (Apis mellifera)

SUMMARY The antibiotic tylosin was found to be effective in controlling oxytetracycline-resistant American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae) in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies, while not affecting adult and larval honey bee mortality. An optimal rate of 200 mg tylosin, applied in 20 g of confectioners' sugar at weekly intervals for three weeks, resulted in complete remission of detectable disease symptoms 45 days after initial treatment. No detectable disease symptoms were observed seven months after treatment with this rate. Various higher doses of tylosin (600 mg and 1000 mg per 20 g confectioners' sugar) applied over three honey bee brood cycles, resulted in no significant increase in adult and larval bee mortality when compared with controls. Discussion is given as to long term American foulbrood control and tactics for resistance management.
Methods to optimize livestock breeding programs with genotype by environment interaction and genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance

Genotype by environment interaction (G × E) and genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance are both related to genetic variation in environmental sensitivity. Both phenomena can have consequences for livestock breeding programs. This thesis focuses on developing methods to optimize livestock breeding programs with G × E and genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance. The first part of this thesis deals with G × E, which means that different genotypes respond differently to environmental changes. G × E causes reranking of genotypes when the genetic correlation between performances in different environments is smaller than one. G × E can exist, for example, between a selection environment (SLE) and a production environment (PDE). Recording of half-sibs or progeny in the PDE limits the loss in genetic gain. Due to the lower loss in genetic gain, progeny testing schemes rather than sib testing schemes are recommended when the genetic correlation between SLE and PDE is lower than 0.7 - 0.8. In dairy cattle, G × E limits the possibilities for cooperation of breeding programs operating in different environments. Long-term cooperation in the presence of G × E is possible when the genetic correlation is higher than 0.8 - 0.9. When breeding dairy cattle for two environments in the presence of G × E, it is optimal to run a single breeding program with progeny testing bulls in both environments when the genetic correlation is higher than 0.7 - 0.8. When the genetic correlation is lower than 0.7 - 0.8, two environment-specific breeding programs are optimal. The second part of this thesis deals with genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance. Genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance means that genotypes differ in the magnitude of the environmental variance, for example, due to differences in environmental sensitivity. A multiple regression framework was developed to predict selection responses in mean and environmental variance. Although environmental variance can be considered as a trait with a low heritability, responses in environmental variance can be greater than 10% of the current mean environmental variance in some cases. Genetic heterogeneity of environmental variance can be exploited in livestock breeding programs to increase uniformity of animals by reducing environmental variance. This is especially of interest for traits where the current population mean is near an optimum value. Another application is to breed animals that are more robust against unpredictable environmental fluctuations.
Estacionalidad y colonización de Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea en espacios naturales protegidos marinos de la Comunidad Valenciana

En este trabajo se ha realizado el seguimiento anual de la colonizacion y evolucion estacional del alga invasora Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Sonder) Verlaque, Huisman y Boudouresque (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) en nueve enclaves distribuidos en tres espacios naturales protegidos marinos de la Comunidad Valenciana. El estudio se ha centrado en la variabilidad de la cobertura algal segun la estacion y el tipo de sustrato sobre el que se realizan los muestreos. El periodo de estudio abarca un ciclo anual comprendido entre 2011 y 2012. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la presencia de C. racemosa en las dos areas de estudio de Alicante (Cabo de San Antonio y Serra Gelada) mientras que no se ha detectado en la situada en Castellon (Sierra de Irta). La vulnerabilidad a la invasion de los distintos habitats objeto de estudio es distinta, observandose una mayor dispersion sobre sustrato rocoso y mata muerta de Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile. Se ha detectado baja presencia de C. racemosa dentro de las praderas de Posidonia oceanica, siendo determinante el buen estado de conservacion de estas para frenar la colonizacion de nuevas zonas.
Infecção experimental por Salmonella enterica subspécie enterica sorotipo Panama e tentativa de transmissão naso-nasal em leitões desmamados

Experimental infection of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars Panama was proceeded to establish the importance of nose-to-nose contact in the transmission among weaned pigs. Six recently-weaned pigs were acquired from a farm previously selected, free from Salmonella spp. Isolation stalls allowing nose-to-nose contact and eliminating other transmission routes as well outside contamination were used. Three groups were formed: control, sentinel, and infected. Piglets of control and sentinel groups were not positive for Salmonella spp. , however, Salmonella Panama was isolated in infected animals in rectal swabs and necropsied tissues. It was concluded that there was not transmission by nose-to-nose contact among weaned pigs, since Samonella Panama was not isolated in the sentinel group at any moment
Photoplethysmographic Heart-rate estimation usnig LabVIEW

Photoplethysmography (PPG) signal has often used to estimate the heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure. Accurate heart rate (HR) estimation using photoplethysmogram is a challenging task due to motion artifacts. This article provides a heart rate estimation from the PPG signals which is interfaced with Arduino and LabVIEW. Software development is done using LabVIEW i.e., VIs are developed to calculate the peaks of PPG signals, the time at which peaks are occurred and hence the heart rate. Arduino microcontroller is used to collect PPG sensor data.