Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psicosociología de la violencia

Este trabajo se inscribe dentro de un programa de investigacion sobre la violencia. Nuestros objetivos apuntan a caracterizar la violencia utilizando la teoria de la representacion social como una de las formas de estudiarla y poner de relieve algunos fenomenos como el prejuicio, los estereotipos y el regionalismo, insertos en la cultura, que llevados al extremo pueden provocar violencias.
Placental maturity grading via hybrid descriptors based on fisher vector

Placental maturity grading (PMG) is quite essential to assess fetal growth and maternal health. To this date, PMG has mostly relied on the clinician's subjective judgment, which is time-consuming and subjective. Traditional machine learning-based methods capitalize on handcrafted features, but such features may be essentially insufficient for PMG. In order to tackle it, we propose an automatic method to stage placental maturity via deep hybrid descriptors based on B-mode ultrasound (BUS) and color Doppler energy (CDE) images. Specifically, convolutional descriptors extracted from a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and handcraft features are combined to form hybrid descriptors to boost the performance of the proposed method. First, different models with various feature layers are combined to obtain hybrid descriptors from images. Meanwhile, the transfer learning strategy is also utilized to enhance the grading performance based on the deep representation features. Then, extracted descriptors are encoded by Fisher vector (FV). Finally, we use support vector machine (SVM) as the classifier to grade placental maturity. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method has achieved remarkable staging performance.
The coevolution of cooperation and cognition in humans

Cooperative behaviours in archaic hunter–gatherers could have been maintained partly due to the gains from cooperation being shared with kin. However, the question arises as to how cooperation was maintained after early humans transitioned to larger groups of unrelated individuals. We hypothesize that after cooperation had evolved via benefits to kin, the consecutive evolution of cognition increased the returns from cooperating, to the point where benefits to self were sufficient for cooperation to remain stable when group size increased and relatedness decreased. We investigate the theoretical plausibility of this hypothesis, with both analytical modelling and simulations. We examine situations where cognition either (i) increases the benefits of cooperation, (ii) leads to synergistic benefits between cognitively enhanced cooperators, (iii) allows the exploitation of less intelligent partners, and (iv) the combination of these effects. We find that cooperation and cognition can coevolve—cooperation initially evolves, favouring enhanced cognition, which favours enhanced cooperation, and stabilizes cooperation against a drop in relatedness. These results suggest that enhanced cognition could have transformed the nature of cooperative dilemmas faced by early humans, thereby explaining the maintenance of cooperation between unrelated partners.
Functional Role of Internal and External Visual Imagery: Preliminary Evidences from Pilates

The present study investigates whether a functional difference between the visualization of a sequence of movements in the perspective of the first- (internal VMI-I) or third- (external VMI-E) person exists, which might be relevant to promote learning. By using a mental chronometry experimental paradigm, we have compared the time or execution, imagination in the VMI-I perspective, and imagination in the VMI-E perspective of two kinds of Pilates exercises. The analysis was carried out in individuals with different levels of competence (expert, novice, and no-practice individuals). Our results showed that in the Expert group, in the VMI-I perspective, the imagination time was similar to the execution time, while in the VMI-E perspective, the imagination time was significantly lower than the execution time. An opposite pattern was found in the Novice group, in which the time of imagination was similar to that of execution only in the VMI-E perspective, while in the VMI-I perspective, the time of imagination was significantly lower than the time of execution. In the control group, the times of both modalities of imagination were significantly lower than the execution time for each exercise. The present data suggest that, while the VMI-I serves to train an already internalised gesture, the VMI-E perspective could be useful to learn, and then improve, the recently acquired sequence of movements. Moreover, visual imagery is not useful for individuals that lack a specific motor experience. The present data offer new insights in the application of mental training techniques, especially in field of sports. However, further investigations are needed to better understand the functional role of internal and external visual imagery.
Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate increases atherosclerotic plaque stability in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet.

BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is the principal component of green tea, has been shown to prevent atherosclerosis. However, the effect of EGCG on atherosclerotic plaque stability remains unknown. AIM This study aimed to assess whether EGCG can enhance atherosclerotic plaque stability and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet were injected intraperitoneally with EGCG (10 mg/kg) for 16 weeks. Cross sections of the brachiocephalic arteries were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for morphometric analyses or Masson's trichrome for collagen content analyses. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the percentage of macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Protein expression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were assayed by Western blot and gelatin zymography, respectively. Serum inflammatory cytokine levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS After 16 weeks of feeding the high-fat diet, there were clear atherosclerotic lesions in the proximal brachiocephalic artery segments according to HE staining. EGCG treatment significantly increased the thickness of the fibrous cap. In the atherosclerotic plaques of the EGCG group, the relative macrophage content was decreased, whereas the relative SMC and collagen contents were increased. The expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) were significantly decreased by EGCG treatment. In addition, EGCG treatment decreased the circulat-ing tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interferon-γ levels in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS EGCG promotes atherosclerotic lesion stability in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Potentially, these effects are mediated through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine, MMPs and EMMPRIN expression.
Behavioral Approaches for Primary Headaches: Recent Advances

Behavioral treatments in the management of primary headache disorders in adults and children are increasingly being recognized as effective; however, the level and durability of their effectiveness is still a matter of debate. This review aims to provide more updated information on the effects of behavioral therapies in adults and adolescents with primary headache disorders, with a special focus on new and emerging behavioral treatments.
First-Order Rewritability of Frontier-Guarded Ontology-Mediated Queries

We focus on ontology-mediated queries (OMQs) based on (frontier-)guarded existential rules and (unions of) conjunctive queries, and we investigate the problem of FO-rewritability, i.e., whether an OMQ can be rewritten as a first-order query. We adopt two different approaches. The first approach employs standard two-way alternating parity tree automata. Although it does not lead to a tight complexity bound, it provides a transparent solution based on widely known tools. The second approach relies on a sophisticated automata model, known as cost automata. This allows us to show that our problem is 2EXPTIME-complete. In both approaches, we provide semantic characterizations of FO-rewritability that are of independent interest.
Comparative analysis on the use of features and models for validating language identification system

Identifying the spoken language from the speech is the emerging research area. For this task of language identification, experiments are implemented with two approaches such as Vector quantization (VQ) based clustering and Gaussian mixture modelling (GMM) with Mel frequency linear predictive cepstrum (MFPLPC), Mel frequency cepstrum (MFCC) and their shifted delta cepstral (SDC) features. Hypothesized language is identified based on minimum of averages and maximum log likelihood value corresponding to the model using minimum distance and Maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) classifiers. Better performance is observed for the basic feature MFPLP and VQ based clustering. The results are projected to indicate that the combined MFCC feature with its SDC component with size 52 has provided the better results using GMM as a modeling technique. Similarly, the combined MFPLP feature with its SDC component of size 52 provides next higher results as compared to the basic MFPLP feature of size 13 using clustering as a modeling technique. Overall performance of the system obtained is 99.81%. The database considered in this work contains speech utterances in seven classical and phonetically rich speaker specific Indian languages such as Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil and Telugu.
Development of spatial awareness and operation skills in a remote robot laboratory

This paper explores an approach which engages first-year industrial engineering students in teleoperating robot manipulators and how this practice can contribute to the development of their spatial awareness. We analyzed the spatial constraints of teleoperation such as exocentric viewing, limited viewshed, and delayed visual feedback, and used them for training students. A robot operation workshop has been conducted in two versions of learning practice: one in direct operation of robots in the lab, and the other in remote control of the robots from the computer class. Students' reflections on the workshop contribution to their spatial awareness, exposure to industrial robotics, and interest to study it were compared. As found, evaluations of the students who teleoperated robots were significantly higher for all three contribution factors. For students of the teleoperation group the major difficulty was in exocentric viewing, but providing the opportunity to manipulate physical objects with hands, significantly reduced the difficulty.
A Role for New Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Modalities in Daily Clinical Practice: Protocol of the Prediction of Cognitive Recovery After Stroke (PROCRAS) Study

Background Cognitive impairment is common after acute ischemic stroke, affecting up to 75% of the patients. About half of the patients will show recovery, whereas the others will remain cognitively impaired or deteriorate. It is difficult to predict these different cognitive outcomes. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate whether diffusion tensor imaging–based measures of brain connectivity predict cognitive recovery after 1 year, in addition to patient characteristics and stroke severity. A specific premise of the Prediction of Cognitive Recovery After Stroke (PROCRAS) study is that it is conducted in a daily practice setting. Methods The PROCRAS study is a prospective, mono-center cohort study conducted in a large teaching hospital in the Netherlands. A total of 350 patients suffering from an ischemic stroke who screen positive for cognitive impairment on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA<26) in the acute stage will undergo a 3Tesla-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (3T-MRI) with a diffusion-weighted sequence and a neuropsychological assessment. Patients will be classified as being unimpaired, as having a mild vascular cognitive disorder, or as having a major vascular cognitive disorder. One year after stroke, patients will undergo follow-up neuropsychological assessment. The primary endpoint is recovery of cognitive function 1 year after stroke in patients with a confirmed poststroke cognitive disorder. The secondary endpoint is deterioration of cognitive function in the first year after stroke. Results The study is already ongoing for 1.5 years, and thus far, 252 patients have provided written informed consent. Final results are expected in June 2019. Conclusions The PROCRAS study will show the additional predictive value of diffusion tensor imaging-based measures of brain connectivity for cognitive outcome at 1 year in patients with a poststroke cognitive disorder in a daily clinical practice setting. Registered Report Identifier RR1-10.2196/9431
Dynamic heterodyne interferometry

Dynamic interferometry enables snapshot recovery of phase images by using polarization phase shifting. However, the phase estimate is susceptible to influence from sources of ambient light having uncontrolled polarization. We present a novel method, dynamic heterodyne interferometry (DHI), as a means to mitigate phase bias from ambient light sources, while retaining dynamic potential.
Estimation of testosterone/cortisol ratio by resting state eeg delta/beta ratio in elderly people.

OBJECTIVES Testosterone and cortisol are the end products of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axes. Both hormones affect brain anatomy and brain activity, which is positively correlated with the testosterone/cortisol ratio. The aim of the present study was to observe the main effect and interaction between testosterone and cortisol in relation to brain activity and whether it is possible to predict neuroendocrine levels. METHODS Sixty-seven participants were included for evaluating saliva hormones and resting state EEG. The levels of cortisol and testosterone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The free artifacts of the EEG signals was computed and compared with the normative database. RESULTS The results showed that the testosterone/cortisol ratio was 34.21±3.75 in males, 19.92±1.47 in females and 24.19±1.71 among all participants. The testosterone/cortisol ratio and the resting state EEG delta/beta ratio were correlated at the frontal area, the central area, the parietal area and the left temporal area but not at the right temporal area or the occipital area. The resting state EEG delta/beta ratios of the frontal and central areas were used in a multiple regression model to predict the testosterone/cortisol ratio as 32.0% in males, 11.9% in females and 14.3% among all participants. CONCLUSION Resting state EEG is a non-invasive approach that can be used to estimate hormone levels, which are possible biomarkers of physiological and psychological disorders.
Three chemosensory proteins from the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis involved in host volatile and sex pheromone reception

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been considered to play a key role in chemoreception in insects. As stated in our earlier study, three CSP genes from rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis have been identified and showed potential physiological functions in olfaction. Here, we conducted western blot, immunolocalization, competitive binding assay and knockdown assay by RNA interference both in vitro and in vivo to reveal the functions of these three CSPs in C. medinalis. Results showed that both CmedCSP1 and CmedCSP2 are housed in sensilla basiconica and showed high binding affinities to a wide range of host‐related semiochemicals. On the other hand, CmedCSP3 is highly expressed in sensilla trichodea of males and sensilla basiconica of females. It showed binding affinities to plant volatiles, especially terpenoids, as well as two of the C. medinalis sex pheromone components, Z11‐16:Ac and Z11‐16:Al. The transcript expression level of the three CSP genes significantly decreased after injecting target double‐stranded RNAs and resulted in remarkably down‐regulation on electroantennogram responses evoked by host‐related semiochemicals and one sex pheromone compound, which have high binding affinities with CmedCSPs. In conclusion, the three CmedCSPs tested are involved in C. medinalis reception of semiochemicals, including host attractants and sex pheromones.
Privacy against matching under anonymization and obfuscation in the Gaussian case

Statistical analysis allows user traces to be matched with prior behavior so as to identify the user and hence compromise their privacy. There are two commonly used techniques to protect user identities: (1) anonymization, where identities are permuted periodically to prevent statistical analysis of long time series; (2) obfuscation, where user traces are obscured by noise to obtain privacy. We explore privacy when user traces are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian series; i.e., for each user, we observe a time series with the data sample at each time instant drawn from an i.i. d. Gaussian distribution with a user-dependent mean. We consider both anonymization and obfuscation techniques, and study how the two techniques impact the level of privacy. We provide: (1) an exact expression for the error probability of identifying the users when the number of users is finite; (2) an asymptotic analysis of how user privacy varies with different degrees of anonymization and obfuscation as the number of users grows large. We show that there exist thresholds for the two techniques that separate the regions of user privacy: above either of the thresholds, not all users lose privacy; below both of the thresholds, users have no privacy.
Study of Al0.22Ga0.78As/In0.18Ga0.82As/GaAs PHEMT with delta doping and lower Al mole fraction

In this paper, DC and RF performance of a pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) with an Al<inf>0.22</inf>Ga<inf>0.78</inf>As supply layer, In<inf>0.18</inf>Ga<inf>0.82</inf>As channel layer built on a p-type GaAs, with a delta doping of thickness 1 nm has been analyzed. Analysis are carried out to obtain output characteristics curve (I<inf>d</inf>-V<inf>ds</inf>), transfer characteristics curve (I<inf>d</inf>-V<inf>gs</inf>), threshold voltage (from the I<inf>d</inf>-V<inf>DS</inf> plot), breakdown voltage (from the I<inf>d</inf>-V<inf>ds</inf> plot), transconductance, subthreshold slope and unity current gain cut off frequency (fT) of the. The simulated structure exhibits an transconductance of 525 mS/mm (1.1 × improvement compared to existing structure), threshold voltage Vt= −1.4 V at V<inf>ds</inf>= 6 V, maximum drain current current (I<inf>d</inf>) of about 596 mA/mm at V<inf>gs</inf>= 0 V (1.2 × improvement) and fT of 3.1 GHz. All simulations are performed using Silvaco ATLAS<sup>TM</sup>.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANTROPOMÉTRIC FACTORS AND PHYSICAL CONDITION IN YOUNG COLOMBIAN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

1 Doctora en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Santo Tomás, Grupo GICAEDS, Carrera 56 N° 15315 Apto. 1102 Torre 2 Edificio Reserva de Colina, Bogotá D.C. Colombia, e-mail: yennysgonzalez@usantotomas.edu. co, yego61@yahoo.es; 2 Doctora en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, Laboratorio de fisiología, Valladolid-España. C/Padre Julio Chevalier, 2. 47017 Valladolid, España, e-mail: ssedano@uemc. es; 3 Magister Fisiología Universidad Claude Bernard, Lyon Francia, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Bogotá-Colombia, Docente Planta. Calle 72 N° 11-86, e-mail: jairofdz@pedagogica.edu. co; 4 Especialista en Administración Deportiva, Universidad Santo Tomás, Grupo GICAEDS, Carrera 98 N° 147-61, Bogotá, D.C.-Colombia, e-mail: jesusdiaz@usantotomas.edu. co
Design of a Smartphone Platform Compact Optical System Operational Both in Visible and Near Infrared Spectral Regime

We report here the design of a low-cost and field portable smartphone-based compact optical system, which is suitable for applications in the visible (VIS)-near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic region. Using the universal serial bus-on the go protocol, the battery of the smartphone is used to power an external light-emitting diode, and its ambient light sensor (ALS) is used as a photo-detector. Using simple optical arrangements, a collimated light beam of a specific wavelength is allowed to pass through the sample solution, and the transmitted modulated light signal from the sample is received by the ALS of the smartphone. A custom built application “PhotoSense” has been developed, which configures the smartphone to measure intensity variation of the modulated signal into a readable form from the ALS sensor. Further using the same application, the field sensing data can be saved as a text file in the phone memory, and by using the communication facility, it can be shared anywhere in the world. The performance of the designed optical device has been evaluated for the VIS-NIR wavelength region of the incident light by measuring iron(II) and phosphate concentrations in water medium. The sensitivity of the device in measuring iron(II) and phosphate concentrations is found to be in terms of absorbance unit (AU) as 0.189 and 0.274 AU/(mg.L−1), respectively. The limit of detection of the proposed device is found to be 0.053 and 0.069 mg.L−1 for both the analytes.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis Based on Convolutional Neural Network System for Colorectal Polyp Classification: Preliminary Experience

Background and Aim: Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is becoming a next-generation tool for the diagnosis of human disease. CAD for colon polyps has been suggested as a particularly useful tool for trainee colonoscopists, as the use of a CAD system avoids the complications associated with endoscopic resections. In addition to conventional CAD, a convolutional neural network (CNN) system utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) has been developing rapidly over the past 5 years. We attempted to generate a unique CNN-CAD system with an AI function that studied endoscopic images extracted from movies obtained with colonoscopes used in routine examinations. Here, we report our preliminary results of this novel CNN-CAD system for the diagnosis of colon polyps. Methods: A total of 1,200 images from cases of colonoscopy performed between January 2010 and December 2016 at Kindai University Hospital were used. These images were extracted from the video of actual endoscopic examinations. Additional video images from 10 cases of unlearned processes were retrospectively assessed in a pilot study. They were simply diagnosed as either an adenomatous or nonadenomatous polyp. Results: The number of images used by AI to learn to distinguish adenomatous from nonadenomatous was 1,200:600. These images were extracted from the videos of actual endoscopic examinations. The size of each image was adjusted to 256 × 256 pixels. A 10-hold cross-validation was carried out. The accuracy of the 10-hold cross-validation is 0.751, where the accuracy is the ratio of the number of correct answers over the number of all the answers produced by the CNN. The decisions by the CNN were correct in 7 of 10 cases. Conclusion: A CNN-CAD system using routine colonoscopy might be useful for the rapid diagnosis of colorectal polyp classification. Further prospective studies in an in vivo setting are required to confirm the effectiveness of a CNN-CAD system in routine colonoscopy.