Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Multilevel Inverter based on Cascaded H-Bridge Topology and Control Schemes

In this study, a review of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology and control schemes was conducted. Multilevel inverter topology (MLI) H-bridge cascade is implemented to reduce harmonic for high power applications. Applications of multilevel converters are able to reduce the number of harmonics contained in the system of low-voltage electrical distribution. Each topology has their own advantages and disadvantages. The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology requires only a single DC power source with both input and output, high availability, and the control of power flow in the regenerative version. The selected switching technique to control the inverter will also have an effective role on harmonic elimination while generating the ideal output voltage. Intensive studies have been performed on carrier-based, sinusoidal, space vector and sigma delta PWM methods in open loop control of inverters. The results from this study represent a beneficial basis for matching of inverter topology and the best control scheme according to different application areas.
Shifting radiation by 90o phase by alternatiive parllel plate reflectors and enhancing radiationg by EBGS

We have seen the utilization of EBGS in several ways and one of the main property is it can megitate surface waves. When the band of EBGS and proposed antenna are tuned together it have either constructive or destructive property according to the radiation phases. In this paper we are taking a monopole antenna of hight 3.16 cm and it is filled with pec material . For enhancing its radiation into opposite direction the EBGS placed at –X direction. The alternative parllel reflectors are placed along side of EBGS in both +Y and –Y directions, and the results are illustrated based on how these parllel plate reflectors works to shift the radiation.
Supervised Multilayer Perceptron Network based Decision Tree Algorithm for Cancer Classification

: Decision tree based techniques are being continuously evolved for classification of medical datasets . Different algorithms based on soft computing and hard computing have been developed to apply on medical datasets. In current research, an intelligent technique inspired from neural network, supervised multilayer perceptron decision tree have been applied and evaluated successfully to classify lung cancer based datasets. A comparison has been made with other techniques to check the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results shows that proposed technique achieved 100% accuracy to classify cancer data sets which is more as compared other techniques.TP rate, ROC and Precision is highest for proposed method amongst other method. Hence, proposed algorithm is optimum to classify cancer related datasets.
CLUSTER BASED MAC LAYER ROUTING AND MISBEHAVIOR DETECTION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

The most common wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is IEEE 802.11. Currently IEEE 802.11 standard protocol is not resilient for many identified MAC layer attacks, because the protocol is designed without intention for providing security and with the assumption that all the nodes in the wireless network adhere to the protocol. However, nodes may purposefully show misbehaviors at the MAC layer in order to obtain extra bandwidth conserve resources and degrade or disrupt the network performance. This research proposes a secure MAC protocol for MAC layer which has integrated with a novel cluster based misbehavior detection and avoidance mechanism for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Selfish nodes can manipulate four MAC layer parameters to gain higher channel access probability: the remaining transmission duration, SIFS duration, DIFS duration, and back off time. The secure MAC protocol consists of a statistical analyzer as a first line of defense to detect generation of small back-off values. Cluster based MAC protocol distribution is focused. Clustering is a technique for dividing the network into different group of nodes and manages the transmission of the data among the interacting nodes. In a cluster set of nodes gathered around a node known as cluster head. After isolating the selfish node a cluster head is formed so that the selfish misbehavior node is no longer act as a cluster head. Finally, method is implemented by running NS2 simulations with mobile nodes using Ad-hoc Ondemand Distance Vector (AODV) routing. It is observed that the malicious node detection rate is very good, and the false positive detection rate is low.
Ontology-driven Approach for Knowledge Sharing and Retrieval

Knowledge sharing and retrieval is very useful in any research process because it promotes access to reliable research content. Its effectiveness depends on how well the knowledge can be shared and organized for easy access. The techniques that have been used to facilitate knowledge sharing in knowledge intensive organizations are Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. However, Web 3.0 (semantic web) has proven more effective since it enhances the web by providing mechanisms by which computers can process, interpret and connect information to enhance access and retrieval. Though Semantic web has been used to enhance knowledge sharing in various areas such as e-learning, medicine and engineering, it has not been applied in knowledge sharing among research students. This paper, therefore, presents an ontology driven approach for sharing of knowledge in form of research materials among research students. This approach makes use of ontology to structure the research materials for easy access and retrieval by research students. It has proved effective as its scope is wider compared to the other approaches that only allow unidirectional flow of knowledge or limit knowledge contributors. The approach has also proved to be precise. This is because all the documents retrieved are relevant.
A Survey on Soft Computing Techniques for Early Detection of Breast Cancer

– Breast cancer is most common among women and is said to be the second major cause of death among women. For every 19 seconds, somewhere around the world a case of breast cancer is diagnosed among women. Report says that for 74 seconds somewhere in the world a women dies from breast cancer. Most effective way to reduce the death rate is to detect at an early stage. By detecting at an early stage proper treatment can be given to save the life of patients. Accurate classification plays an important role in medical diagnosis. Soft computing approaches are gaining importance because of their classification performance in diagnosing the disease. The goal of this survey paper is to identify the current state of research in breast cancer and to summarize the different soft computing techniques that helps in identification and classification.
Role of plants and plant based products towards the control of insect pests and vectors: A novel review

*Corresponding author: Elumalai Kuppusamy, Unit of Entomotoxicity, Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Govt. Arts College for Men (Autonomous), Chennai, 600035, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: professorelumalai@gmail.com Foundation Project: Supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi [Reference No. 42-583/2013 (SR)]. The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members.
Cell Death in Plant Immune Response to Necrotrophs

Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 1000e103 J Plant Biochem Physiol ISSN: JPBP, an open access journal Plant pathogens can be generally divided into two kinds, necrotrophs and biotrophs. Necrotrophs can kill the host cells and feed on the contents, while biotrophs complete their life cycle depending on the living host cells. Microbial necrotrophy is often associated with production of toxins, and necrotrophs are further divided into Host–specific necrotrophs (HSNs) and broad host–range necrotrophs (BHNs) according the toxins they secret. HSNs produce host–specific toxins (HSTs) that is essential for their pathogenicity and virulence and can be recognized by the immune system of theirs hosts. The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum is archetypical HSN, which produces HC–toxin and limitedly infects the susceptible genotypes, causing the Northern corn leaf spot. There are several broad host–range necrotrophs (BHNs) reported previously, such as the fungal pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina, and the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora. Plant responds to necrotrophs differentially according to the primary determinant of virulence [1,2]. The attempted infection of plant pathogens, both biotrophs and nerotrophs, can activate plant immune responses, which include complex histological, cellular, biochemical, and molecular events that the pathogen proliferation or disease spread is limited. At the early stages of necrotrophic infections, host cell death is associated with, as well as the production of various secondary metabolites, antimicrobial peptides, and hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA). In addition, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), callose, and some other cell wall modifications are also involved. The kinetics of these responses and the relative abundance and timing may vary but are common responses to different infections [2].
Controlling Quadcopter Altitude using PID-Control System

— This work presents the stabilization of a quadcopter by using PID controllers to regulate its four basic movements: roll, pitch, yaw angles, and altitude. The quadcopter was originally equipped with sensors and software to estimate and control the quadcopter’s orientation, but did not estimate the current position. A GPS module, GPS antenna and a lidar have been added to measure the position in three dimensions. Filters have been implemented and developed to estimate the position, velocity and acceleration. The position controller maintains a constant position, while the trajectory controller maintains a constant velocity while travelling along a straight line. These position and trajectory controllers calculate the reference angles required to direct the thrust necessary to control the quadcopter’s movement. The system also consists of IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) which consists of accelerometer and gyro sensors to determine the system orientation and speed control of four motors to enable the quadcopter fly. Simulations analysis of quadcopter is carried out using MATLAB Simulink.
Improving Signal Reception in Cdma20001x Network Using Antenna Diversity Technique

:- This paper focuses on improving signal reception in CDMA20001x network using antenna diversity technique. Field data were collected from a CDMA20001X network located in Enugu, the capital of Enugu State of Nigeria. The field data collected include data for the measurement of received signal strength from a transmitting base station which was carried out with spectrum analyzer of model RG382B.The distances of the measurement points from the transmitting base station was recorded using the global positioning system. Also, in this paper the received signal strength using two antenna systems were obtained from simulation Result obtained from the field data showed that the pathloss exponent of the characterized environment was 3.60 while the result obtained using antenna diversity resulted in pathloss exponent of 2.51.
MODELLING AND DESIGN OF MUGFETS

CMOS technology has been proven as one of the most important achievements in modern engineering history. In less than 30 years, it has become the primary engine driving the world economy. The secret to the success is very simple: keep delivering more functionality with fewer resources. Device scaling makes this possible. For decades, progress in device scaling has followed an exponential curve: device density on a microprocessor doubles every three years This forecast promises us another ten years of brightness. Scaling beyond 30 nm, however, can be much more difficult and different. Remember, we are quite close to the fundamental limits of semiconductor physics. Device simulation requires new theory and approaches to help us understand device physics and to design devices at the sub-30nm scale. Efforts have been put forth in recent years [3-7], but much more is needed. For these purposes, we started a research project in 1997, the results of which make up this thesis.
Spectrum of CT in Paediatric Dengue with Respiratory Complaints

Introduction: Present day’s incidence of dengue increasing becoming the major health problem especially in children under the 5 to 14 years of age. Cross sectional lung imaging becomes one of the priorities in patients of dengue with respiratory difficulty. A Very less literatures available on spectrum of lung involvement in dengue fever in pediatric age group. Materials and Methods: Observational retrospective study was done among 50 patients positive with dengue fever in a 3 months for a period from August to December 2019 were studied and Spectrum lung involvements are evaluated. Among those 30 patients showed respiratory symptoms. Results: The commonest chest CT findings were pleural effusion 83.3% (n=25), ground-glassopacification 53.3% (n=16), atelectasis 40% (n=12), patchy consolidation 26.6% (n=8), air space nodules 3.3% (n=1), interstitial thickening 13.3 % (n=4) and pericardial effusion 10% (n=3). Conclusion: Dengue patients with respiratory difficulty CT chest best choice of investigation. Frequently detected findings on chest CT included pleural effusion, ground-glassopacification and atelectasis.
Detection and Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy in Fundus Retinal Images

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent cause of cases of blindness among adults aged 20–74 years. Since the presence of microaneurysms (MAs) is usually the first sign of DR and occurs due to damage in the retina as a result of long term illness of diabetic mellitus. Early microaneurysm detection can help reduce the incidence of blindness and Microaneurysm detection is the first step in automated screening of diabetic retinopathy. A reliable screening system for the detection of MAs on digital fundus images can provide great assistance to ophthalmologists in difficult diagnoses. This paper presents various pre-processing and candidate extraction techniques to condition or enhance the input image in order to make it suitable for further processing and improve the visibility of Microaneyrysm in color fundus images. Each candidate is then classified based on colour and standard morphological features. Using neural network architecture like Back propagation algorithm, the candidates extracted can be classified as MA’s or non MA’s. Depending upon number of Microaneurysm(MA) counts obtained by the candidate extraction , average area of MAs spreading & depending upon the progression of the disease, the grading is done which helps to analyse the exact stage of the disease.
Comparison of Pre and Post Operative Corneal Astigmatism following Pterygium Excision and Conjunctival Autograft

Objective: To evaluate the effect of pterygium excision on pterygium induced corneal astigmatism Methods: Hospital based study conducted in a tertiary care centre in Western Maharashtra from August 2014 to March 2015. A detailed evaluation of the pre and post-operative status of patients was done. 40 patients underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft. Results: Most of the patients belonged from 41-45 years of age group i.e 42.5% (17 patients). 52.5% (21) patients had grade II pterygium and 37.5 %( 15) patients had grade III pterygium. Pterygium excision showed a significant decrease in amount of corneal astigmatism post operatively as well as improvement in visual acuity (mean ± SD). Conclusion: This study verifies that pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft can result in significant decrease in corneal astigmatism and thus improve visual acuity of patients post operatively.
Influence of Corrosion on Bond Stress Characteristics of Concrete

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – Corrosion of reinforcement is a dangerous process that causes the diminished bond performance due to the reduction in cross sectional area of the steel subsequently leading to the failure of structures. Corrosion being an inevitable phenomenon, sufficient studies must be carried out to assess whether the residual bond strength that could be offered by a corroded steel bar satisfies the limits recommended in the IS456:2000. This paper hence studies the variations in the bond stress of pull out specimens with 16 mm diameter central reinforcement subjected to accelerated corrosion with variations in grade of concrete. The commonly used grades of M20, M25 and M30 were tested experimentally through pull out test and analytically using the Finite Element software ANSYS14.5. The extension of analytical study was done to higher grades of M35 and M40 to estimate the corrosion levels upto which they could provide the required minimum bond stress values. The residual bond stress at various corrosion levels was found to be comparatively higher for the higher grades of concrete.
The Role of the Orthodontist during the Management of Patient with the Lip and Palatale Cleft

Objective: was the aim of this study was to assess cleft lip and /or palate (CL/P) patient’s management strategies, to determine the role of the orthodontist during primary and secondary treatment, to highlight the treatment needs of patients with cleft palates and to develop a management protocol suitable for these patients in order to reduce the
Eletrocardiografia computadorizada em cobaios (Cavia porcellus) saudáveis e conscientes

The purpose of this study is to evaluate healthy conscious guinea pigs as a model for electrophysiology assessment and to describe normal electrocardiographic patterns in controlled laboratory environment, establishing the best QT formula for this method. Electrocardiographic recordings of fifty adult conscious guinea pigs were obtained using a computerized electrocardiography. The electrocardiographic measurements of three different tracings were analyzed. The results obtained established normal mean and range values for the parameters: heart rate, waves and intervals of P-QRS-T deflections, as well as the mean cardiac axis. Groups were separated by body weight: group 1 gathered animals with 500-699g and group 2 with animals 700-900g. No differences were found when measurements were compared between groups, showing no significant difference between weight/body sizes to the electrocardiographic parameters (P<0.05). The mean corrected QT values (QTc) obtained using diverse formulae were significantly different (P<0.05), were the most consistent was Van der Water (QTcV). QTcV values were strongly correlated (r=98) and 95% confidence interval 185.7 to 195.2ms. Considering its simplicity and reliability, the QTcV was deemed the most appropriate to be used for the correction of QT interval in conscious guinea pigs.The results of this study also suggest that the values found can be used as reference for the species.
Cloud Computing and Its Role in Education in

The need for education in this time has became a constantly growing and developing and improving e- learning important solutions, so we need the e-learning systems to keep the pace with the technology. The new direction is to use cloud computing, Cloud computing is highly scalable and creates virtualized resources that can be made available to users will have a significant impact on the educational environment in the future. Cloud computing is an excellent alternative for educational institutions which are especially under budget shortage in order to operate their information systems effectively without spending any more capital for the computers and network devices. In Sudan, using wireless Internet Wi-Fi, In order to take advantage of the products based on the low cost of cloud computing enables students to access electronic paintings and mobile devices to the Internet 24 hours a day. Index Terms—learning: electronic learning; Iaas: Infrastructure-as-a-Service; PaaS: Platform-as-a-service; SaaS: Software-as-a-service; Sudan.
Energy-Efficient Fault –Tolerance in Mobile Cloud: Survey

: The advances in hardware for hand-held portable devices, resource-intensive application still remain off bounds since they require significant computation and storage capabilities. These issues are addressed by employing remote servers, such as clouds and peer mobile devices. However, for mobile devices deployed in dynamic networks challenges of reliability and energy efficiency remain largely unaddressed. These challenges are addressed by an approach called as k-out-of-n computing. This paper provides the survey on the compressive issues on energy consumption and fault tolerance in mobile devices. As long as k-out-of-n remote servers are accessible, mobile devices successfully retrieve or process data, in the most energy-efficient way. The paradigm of cloud computing are used to manipulate and access the data to be stored and processed reliably on cloud.
Vitamin D and Analogues in the Control of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Vitamin D has been reported as pivotal for mineral metabolism and bone health, and its deficiency has also been associated with non-skeletal diseases. Many studies have shown high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population as well as in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. In CKD progression, low calcitriol levels, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia have all been implicated in the genesis of the secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). In addition to calcitriol supplementation for SHPT management, emphasis should be given to the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin deficiency itself. New vitamin D analogs were developed in an attempt to overcome the hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia that can follow calcitriol treatment but current knowledge does not allow any conclusion about superiority of new analogs. Large randomized controlled trials studies are needed to compare efficacy and safety of these analogs and calcitriol. These studies could promote a better understanding of mineral metabolism and bone disease control, and result in a favorable impact on morbidity and mortality of CKD patients.
Hybrid Graphical Password System with Recovery of Passwords using Text and Sound Signature

— Graphical based password is one promising alternatives of textual passwords. According to human psychology, humans are able to remember pictures easily. In this paper, we have described our new hybrid graphical password based system, which is a combination of recognition and recall based techniques and also provides the password recovery facility. In recognition method, user will have to register password by selecting sequence of images and selecting particular region of each image by click points and then assigning textual characters to each image and then sound signature is assigned by recording voice to each click point. Textual characters and Sound signature here in this case is used for recovery of password, textual characters used for recovery of image sequence and sound signature is used for recovery of click points assigned for each image. In spite of slower registration and login process, this hybrid scheme offers many advantages over the existing systems and may be more convenient for the user. Our scheme is resistant to shoulder surfing attack and many other attacks on graphical passwords. Thus, this scheme is suitable for high level security system such like personal lockers, bank lockers etc. which are not accessed for daily purpose.