Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Localization of Serine 2808, a Phosphorylation Site in Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor*

Type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is the major calcium release channel in cardiac muscle. Phosphorylation of RyR2 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II modulates channel activity. Hyperphosphorylation at a single amino acid residue, Ser-2808, has been proposed to directly disrupt the binding of a 12.6-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP12.6) to RyR2, causing a RyR2 malfunction that triggers cardiac arrhythmias in human heart failure. To determine the structural basis of the interaction between Ser-2808 and FKBP12.6, we have employed two independent approaches to map this phosphorylation site in RyR2 by three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy. In one approach, we inserted a green fluorescent protein (GFP) after amino acid Tyr-2801, and mapped the GFP three-dimensional location in the RyR2 structure. In another approach, the binding site of monoclonal antibody 34C was mapped in the three-dimensional structure of skeletal muscle RyR1. The epitope of antibody 34C has been mapped to amino acid residues 2,756 through 2,803 of the RyR1 sequence, corresponding to residues 2,722 through 2,769 of the RyR2 sequence. These locations of GFP insertion and antibody binding are adjacent to one another in domain 6 of the cytoplasmic clamp region. Importantly, the three-dimensional location of the Ser-2808 phosphorylation site is 105-120Å distance from the FKBP12.6 binding site mapped previously, indicating that Ser-2808 is unlikely to be directly involved in the binding of FKBP12.6 to RyR2, as had been proposed previously.
Association between Childhood Obesity and Neighbourhood Accessibility to Fast-Food Outlets: A Nationwide 6-Year Follow-Up Study of 944,487 Children

Objectives: The aim of this 6-year follow-up study was to examine whether neighbourhood accessibility to fast-food outlets was associated with diagnosed childhood obesity, after adjustment for neighbourhood- and individual-level socio-demographic factors. Methods: This 6-year follow-up study comprised 484,677 boys and 459,810 girls aged 0-14 years in Sweden. The follow-up period ran from January 1, 2005, until hospitalisation/out-patient treatment for obesity, death, emigration or the end of the study period on December 31, 2010. Multilevel logistic regression models (individual-level factors at the first level and neighbourhood-level factors at the second level) were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: We identified 6,968 obesity cases (3,878 boys and 3,090 girls) during the follow-up period. Higher odds of childhood obesity for those living in neighbourhoods with accessibility to fast-food outlets was observed (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07-1.22) that remained significant after adjustments (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00-1.13). Conclusions: This prospective nationwide study showed that the neighbourhood accessibility to fast-food outlets was independently associated with increased odds of diagnosed childhood obesity. This finding implicates that residential environments should be considered when developing health promotion programmes.
Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides

Purpose of review To review published data related to the potential applicability of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides. Recent findings Despite a wealth of information on HDL-C levels and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), little evidence is present to suggest that raising HDL-C levels per se will result in CVD risk reduction. Rather, increasing HDL functionality might be a more successful strategy to reverse the process of atherosclerosis. In as such, apoA-I mimetic peptides, either in single or tandem formulation, hold great promise. Evidence gathered over the last years has provided insight in the extent to which mimetics influence several cardio metabolic pathways. ApoA-I mimetics have shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiatherogenic effects. Direct comparisons between different mimetics have provided insight in factors influencing the differential beneficial consequences of these peptides. Data derived from recent studies suggest that mimetics might gain their position as a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of septicaemia, transplantation rejection, diabetes and auto-immune diseases. Summary This review provides a summary of the current literature on the potential application of apoA-I mimetics as therapeutic agents. There is increasing evidence that these mimetics should be considered as a promising supplement to current strategies. Results from human studies addressing the in-vivo effects of the different apoA-I mimetics are eagerly awaited.
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK ENTREPRENEUR TERHADAP KESUKSESAN USAHA KULINER DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG (STUDI KASUS : USAHA KULINER KECAMATAN BOJONGSOANG)

Kecamatan Bojongsoang merupakan salah satu wilayah yang potensi besar bagi pertumbuhan UKM khususnya di bidang kuliner, akan tetapi banyak dari pengusaha kuliner tersebut yang tidak mampu bertahan. Terdapat indikasi bahwa ketidakmampuan pengusaha untuk bertahan dan meraih kesuksesan berhubungan dengan lemahanya karakter pengusaha dalam menjalankan bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran karakter pengusaha dan kesuksesan pengusaha kuliner di Kecamatan Bojongsoang dan seberapa besar pengaruh karakter pengusaha terhadap kesuksesan usaha.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelian ini adalah metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Sumber data utama dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 148 pengusaha kuliner di Kecamatan Bojongsoang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa secara keseluruhan karakter pengusaha dan kesuksesan usaha menunjukan nilai yang rendah sehinggadikategorikan buruk. Hasil uji regresi linear menunjukan bahwa karakter pengusaha memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesuksesan usaha.
Volunteerism, Health, and Civic Engagement among Older Adults*

RÉSUMÉ En Amérique du Nord, 40 à 50 pour cent des aînés participent activement à titre de bénévoles officiels à la prestation de divers services de santé et de services sociaux. Nous avons passé en revue des études empiriques sur les raisons motivant le bénévolat chez les aînés, ainsi que sur les bienfaits sur le moral et la santé que ces derniers tirent de cette expression d'altruisme. La connaissance de la nature exacte et du nombre d'activités bénévoles nécessaires pour produire ces effets est limitée, et les études n'ont pas encore permis de déterminer les mécanismes behavioristes et psychologiques en cause. Nous proposons que les aînés bénévoles pourraient jouir d'une bonne santé et vivre longtemps parce que, en étant utiles à d'autres, ils ont le sentiment qu'on a besoin d'eux et qu'ils sont appréciés. Nous présentons plusieurs points de vue théoriques sur l'importance du bénévolat au plan du développement personnel, discutons des défis imposés au bénévolat par la génération du baby-boom, et déterminons les priorités futures en matière de recherche. ABSTRACT In North America, 40–50 per cent of older adults are actively involved as formal volunteers in providing diverse health and human services. We review empirical studies concerning older adults' motivations for volunteering, as well as the health and morale benefits they derive from this expression of altruism. Knowledge of the exact nature and amount of volunteer activity necessary to produce these effects is limited, and studies have yet to identify the behavioural and psychological mechanisms that are implicated. We propose that older adult volunteers may enjoy good health and longevity because being useful to others instills a sense of being needed and valued. We present several theoretical perspectives on the developmental significance of volunteering, discuss the challenges to volunteerism imposed by the baby boom cohort, and identify future research priorities.
Optimized Power Allocation for Cooperative Amplify-and-Forward with Convolutional Codes

Future wireless communications technology should fulfill the demands of multimedia applications, interactive internet service, high data rates and power efficiency. However, wireless channel is affected by multipath fading that can degrade the system performance. To overcome the problem, cooperative communication has been introduced to be an efficient diversity technique to combat the multipath fading, to improve capacity and the system performance, and to reduce the energy comsumption by using power allocation technique in the network. This paper proposes an optimized power allocation (OPA) for cooperative amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol with convolutional codes (CC). A computer simulation model for the proposed system is developed using Matlab programming. Then, performance of the system is evaluated in terms of the system throughput, bit error rate and amplification coeficient for power allocation. Furthermore, the different rates of CC are also considered in the network. Simulation results show that multi-relay AF network can provide a higher throughput and lower bit error rate. Moreover, the performance of OPA system is better than that of non-OPA system. The using lower rate of CC in the OPA system provides coding gain for multi-relay cooperative AF network. Finally, the different amplification coeficients among relays give a significant improvement to optimize the system performance.
Women in Management Worldwide: facts, figures and analysis - an overview

Women in management worldwide: facts, figures and analysis - an overview, Marilyn J. Davidson and Ronald J. Burke. Women in Management - European Union Countries: Women in management in Greece, Athena Petraki Kottis and Zoe Ventoura Neokosmidi Women in management in Belgium, Alison E. Woodward Women in management in Ireland, Eunice McCarthy Women in management in the Netherlands, Kea G. Tijdens Women in management in Portugal, Carlos Cabral-Cardoso Women in management in the United Kingdom, Fiona M. Wilson. Women in Management - European Countries: Women in management in Norway, Astrid M. Richardsen and Laura E. Mercer Women in management in Poland, Renata Siemienska Women in management in Russia, Andrew Gale and Larissa Polnareva. Women in Management - North and Central America: Women in management in Canada, Ronald J. Burke and Rekha Karambayya Women in management in Mexico, Gina Zabludovsky Women in management in the USA, Debra L. Nelson and Susan Michie. Women in Management - Australasia: Women in management in New Zealand, Judy McGregor Women in management in Australia, Leonie V. Still. Women in Management - Asia: Women in management in China, Fang Lee Cooke Women in management in Malaysia, Azura Omar and Marilyn J. Davidson Women in management in Turkey, Hayat Kabasakal, Zeynep Aycan and Fahri Karakas Women in management in Israel, Dafna N. Izraeli. Women in Management - South America: Women in management in Argentina, Ana Kessler, Haydee Kravetz and Roberto Kertesz. Women in Management - Africa: Women in management in South Africa, Babita Mathur-Helm.
Why Do People Share Music Files in the P2P Environment: An Ethical Decision Perspective

Digitalized information and the Internet have brought great impacts on the music and movies industries. This study tested the ethical decision model of Hunt-Vitell to understand why and how people share unauthorized music files with others in the P2P network. Four scenarios of using P2P system and four norms related to them were proposed in the study. The results indicate that the deontological norm of anti-piracy, whether is theft of intellectual property or not, is not the main factors affecting P2P users' ethical consideration regarding sharing music with others. The results also suggest the music companies should care more about how to realize the benefits of the digital and network technology to increase the consumers' welfare instead of just declare the intellectual property they owned and resist the innovations caused by the new technologies.
Therapeutic inducers of the HSP70/HSP110 protect mice against traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces severe harm and disability in many accident victims and combat‐related activities. The heat‐shock proteins Hsp70/Hsp110 protect cells against death and ischemic damage. In this study, we used mice deficient in Hsp110 or Hsp70 to examine their potential requirement following TBI. Data indicate that loss of Hsp110 or Hsp70 increases brain injury and death of neurons. One of the mechanisms underlying the increased cell death observed in the absence of Hsp110 and Hsp70 following TBI is the increased expression of reactive oxygen species‐induced p53 target genes Pig1, Pig8, and Pig12. To examine whether drugs that increase the levels of Hsp70/Hsp110 can protect cells against TBI, we subjected mice to TBI and administered Celastrol or BGP‐15. In contrast to Hsp110‐ or Hsp70i‐deficient mice that were not protected following TBI and Celastrol treatment, there was a significant improvement of wild‐type mice following administration of these drugs during the first week following TBI. In addition, assessment of neurological injury shows significant improvement in contextual and cued fear conditioning tests and beam balance in wild‐type mice that were treated with Celastrol or BGP‐15 following TBI compared to TBI‐treated mice. These studies indicate a significant role of Hsp70/Hsp110 in neuronal survival following TBI and the beneficial effects of Hsp70/Hsp110 inducers toward reducing the pathological consequences of TBI.
Asymmetric return rates and wealth distribution influenced by the introduction of technical analysis into a behavioral agent based model

Behavioral Finance has become a challenge to the scientific community. Based on the assumption that behavioral aspects of investors may explain some features of the Stock Market, we propose an agent based model to study quantitatively this relationship. In order to approximate the simulated market to the complexity of real markets, we consider that the investors are connected among them through a small world network; each one has its own psychological profile (Imitation, Anti-Imitation, Random); two different strategies for decision making: one of them is based on the trust neighborhood of the investor and the other one considers a technical analysis, the momentum of the market index technique. We analyze the market index fluctuations, the wealth distribution of the investors according to their psychological profiles and the rate of return distribution. Moreover, we analyze the influence of changing the psychological profile of the hub of the network and report interesting results which show how and when anti-imitation becomes the most profitable strategy for investment. Besides this, an intriguing asymmetry of the return rate distribution is explained considering the behavioral aspect of the investors. This asymmetry is quite robust being observed even when a completely different algorithm to calculate the decision making of the investors was applied to it, a remarkable result which, up to our knowledge, has never been reported before.
A family of falsehoods: Deception, media hoaxes and fake news

“Fake news” became a concern for journalists in 2017 as news organizations sought to differentiate themselves from false information spread via social media, websites and public officials. This essay examines the history of media hoaxing and fake news to help provide context for the current U.S. media environment. In addition, definitions of the concepts are proposed to provide clarity for researchers and journalists trying to explain these phenomena.
The development of a handicap assessment questionnaire: the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA)

Objective: To report on the feasibility and psychometric properties in terms of homogeneity and construct validity of a newly developed handicap questionnaire focusing on person-perceived handicaps: the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting, subjects and outcome measure: One hundred consecutive individuals from the outpatient clinic of the department of rehabilitation of an academic hospital administered the new questionnaire IPA. Results: The results show good homogeneity and construct validity of the IPA. Factor analysis showed that the scale consists of four factors, explaining 68% of the total variance: social relationships, autonomy in self-care, mobility and leisure, and family role. Homogeneity of the four subscales was considered good, Cronbach's α ranged from 0.84 (family role) to 0.87 (social relationships). Feasibility in terms of the number of missing values and administration time needed was satisfactory. Conclusion: The first results suggest that the IPA promises to be a useful handicap questionnaire. Further research is needed to establish test–retest reliability, convergent validity and responsiveness to change.
GITR/GITRL: More than an effector T cell co‐stimulatory system

Glucocorticoid‐induced TNFR‐related protein (GITR) is a member of the TNFR superfamily, expressed in several cells and tissues including T lymphocytes, NK cells and antigen‐presenting cells (APC). GITR activation, upon interaction with its ligand (GITRL), functions as a co‐activating signal. GITRL is mainly expressed on APC and GITR/GITRL interaction is important for the development of immune response. This review summarizes recent results about the GITR/GITRL system, focusing on the interplay between APC, effector and regulatory T cells.
Multiple Methods in Action: Association Football, the Military and Invisible Nationalism

This case study takes the reader through the multiple methods I deployed in the research into “Association Football, the Military and Invisible Nationalism. ”. These methods included observation, interviews, case studies, focus groups, literature reviews, discourse analysis, historical research, and the collection and deployment of visual data into the argument. This case study explores how these various elements coalesced into the final interpretation incorporated in the published article. It also details the process involved in transforming the initial first draft of the paper into the final published version and outlines both the time it took and its complexity. The case emphasizes the synthesis of different conceptual schemes into a novel hermeneutic approach.
Patient preferences for oral versus intravenous palliative chemotherapy.

PURPOSE To assess patient preference for oral versus intravenous (i.v.) palliative chemotherapy (CT). A strong preference would be an important quality-of-life issue. PATIENTS AND METHODS A structured interviewer-administered scenario-based questionnaire evaluated incurable cancer patients who would be likely to receive palliative CT in the future. Using probability trade-offs, the preference for route of administration was evaluated against diminishing treatment response. RESULTS Of 103 assessable patients, 92 preferred oral CT, 10 preferred i.v. CT, and one had no preference. Patient preferences were not associated with age, sex, site of primary cancer, or previous CT experiences. Major reasons for preferring oral CT were convenience, problems with i.v. access or needles, and a better CT-taking environment (outside of the clinic). Regardless of initial preference, 70% of patients were not willing to accept a lower response rate and 74% were not willing to accept a shorter duration of response to retain their initial preference. Although 99% of patients had a preference, 39% wanted the specific treatment decision made primarily by their physicians, 38% primarily by themselves, and 22% shared equally. CONCLUSION Patients with incurable cancer have a clear preference for oral CT, but are generally not willing to sacrifice efficacy for their preference. Almost 40% of patients did not want to make final treatment decisions themselves.
Effects of atropine on refractive development, dopamine release, and slow retinal potentials in the chick

Atropine has previously been found to suppress visually induced myopia both in animals and humans. The mechanism of its action is unclear. We have studied its retinal effects in an in vitro preparation, using the retina-pigment epithelium-choroid complex of the chick eye. In vivo, deprivation myopia was induced by translucent goggles. Atropine solution was injected into the vitreous at two-day intervals. Dopamine release from the retina following atropine injection in vivo and from the in vitro retina preparation was quantified by HPLC-EC. In vitro preparations of the isolated chick retina–pigment epithelium–choroid were superfused with atropine. Light-induced potentials (local ERG), slow standing potentials from the retinal pigment epithelium/neural retina, and extracellular potassium concentrations were recorded. In line with previous findings, intravitreal injections of atropine (25 μg, 250 μg) reduced deprivation myopia in a dose-dependent manner. Atropine increased the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine into the superfusate in vitro at 100–500 μM and into the vitreous in vivo at 250 μg. Before an increase was measured in the vitreous, the retinal dopamine content was elevated. In concentrations equivalent to the intravitreal concentration to suppress myopia in vivo (200–800 μM), atropine induced spreading depression (SD) in the in vitro preparation. In contrast, muscarinic agonists, acetylcholine and pilocarpine, did not induce SD. Atropine reduced the ERG b- and d-wave, led to damped oscillations of RPE potentials, and reversed the ERG c-wave. Atropine suppressed myopia only at doses at which severe nonspecific side effects were observed in the retina. Atropine seems to intrude massively into the vital functions of the retina as indicated by the occurrence of SD. We conclude that atropine, by inducing SD, boosts neurotransmitter release from cellular stores, which may cancel out a presumed retinal signal that controls eye growth and through this, myopia.
Regulation of AP-1 and NFAT transcription factors during thymic selection of T cells

The ability of thymocytes to express cytokine genes changes during the different stages of thymic development. Although CD4- CD8- thymocytes are able to produce a wide spectrum of cytokines in response to a T-cell receptor (TcR)-independent stimulus, as they approach the double-positive (DP) CD4+ CD8+ stage, they lose the ability to produce cytokine. After the DP stage, thymocytes become single-positive CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes which reacquire the ability to secrete cytokines. In an attempt to understand the molecular basis of this specific regulatin, we use AP-1-luciferase and newly generated NFAT-luciferase transgenic mice to analyze the transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of these two transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of cytokine gene expression. Here, we show that both AP-1 and NFAT transcriptional activities are not inducible in the majority of DP cells but that during the differentiation of DP cells to the mature single-positive stage, thymocytes regain this inducibility. Subpopulation analysis demonstrates that this inducibility is reacquired at the DP stage before the down-modulation of one of the coreceptors. Indeed AP-1 inducibility, just like the ability to express the interleukin-2 gene, is reacquired during the differentiation of DP TcRlow CD69low heat-stable antigen (HSA)high thymocytes to DP TcRhigh CD69high HSAhigh cells, which is considered to be the consequence of the first signal that initiates positive selection. We therefore propose that the inability of DP thymocytes to induce AP-1 and NFAT activities is one of the causes for the lack of cytokine gene expression at this stage and that this inducibility is reacquired at the latest stage of DP differentiation as a consequence of positive selection. This could be a mechanism to prevent the activation of DP thymocytes before selection has taken place.