Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deriving Contiguity 2

Norvin Richards, MIT norvin@mit.edu January, 2017 Richards (2016) proposes the principle in (1) (the details of which, including the definition of Contiguity-prominent, will be discussed below): (1) Generalized Contiguity If α either Agrees with or selects β, α and β must be dominated by a single prosodic node, within which β is Contiguity-prominent. The proposal in Richards (2016) is developed in the framework of Match Theory (Selkirk 2009, 2011, Elfner 2012, 2015, Clemens 2014, Bennett, Elfner, and McCloskey 2016), a particular approach to the mapping of syntactic structure onto prosodic structure, which amounts to a series of claims about how certain dominance relations in a syntactic tree are to be mapped onto dominance relations in a corresponding prosodic tree. Contiguity is offered as an exception to the general algorithms of Match Theory: the idea of Richards (2016) is that the proposals of Match Theory are generally correct, except when Agree and selection relations are involved, when Match Theory is overridden by the proposal in (1). Richards (2016) describes a number of syntactic phenomena, including the distribution of various types of overt movement and of adjacency requirements, which can be made to follow from the principle in (1). Still, even if we find the explanations based on (1) compelling, we are entitled to ask why (1) should hold at all. Why should Agree and selection relations have these
Canonical sections of Hodge bundles on moduli spaces

We review recent works in [K. Liu, S. Rao, and X. Yang, Quasi-isometry and deformations of Calabi Yau manifolds, Inventiones mathematicae, 199(2) (2015), 423–453] and [K. Liu and Y. Shen, Moduli spaces as ball quotients I, local theory, preprint] on geometry of sections of Hodge bundles and their applications to moduli spaces.
Unsupported Monopedal Hopping Outdoors

Hopping robots capable of jumps much larger than their maximum dimension enable fast, dynamic maneuvering in environments with disparate footholds. However, robots capable of continuous high hops often require booms, umbilicals, external tracking, or other significant external support to operate. With a combined velocity and attitude estimation scheme, we enable the small monopedal robot Salto-1P to hop outdoors with only human joystick guidance.
Effect of castration on leukocyte cytokine expression and indicators of stress and inflammation in Korean cattle bull calves

This study investigated behavioral, physiological, and inflammatory responses, as well as leukocyte cytokine gene expression, of Korean cattle bull calves following surgical castration. Nineteen Korean cattle bull calves (average body weight, 254.5 kg; average age, 8.2 months) were assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (n = 9) and surgical castration (n = 10). Castration was performed surgically using Newberry knives and a Henderson castrating tool. Blood was collected immediately before castration and at 0.5 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after castration, and analyzed cortisol, substance P, and haptoglobin concentrations and leukocyte cytokine gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Behaviors were observed for 3 h, from 0.5 to 3.5 h after castration. Feed intake was recorded daily, and body weight was measured 1 d prior to the experiment and 14 d after castration. Castration decreased average daily gain (P < 0.05) and gain-to-feed ratio (P < 0.05). Castration reduced the time spent eating (P < 0.001) and the frequency of eating (P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.001) the frequency of lying during the 3 h after castration. Castration temporarily increased circulating plasma cortisol (P < 0.001) and salivary cortisol concentrations (P = 0.03) at 0.5 h after castration. Plasma cortisol and salivary cortisol was positively correlated (r = 0.69, P <0.001). Castration temporarily increased (P < 0.05) plasma substance P concentration at 1 d after castration. Castration
Robust k-means method based on minimizing differentiable estimates of mean, insensitive to outliers

—The article presents a new approach to the problem of searching for cluster centers, based on minimizing differentiable estimates of the average value, insensitive to outliers. It is at the level of the initial mathematical formulation of the problem to lay the stability of the solution with respect to outliers in the data. The search for cluster centers is carried out using the Mahalanobis distance. The proposed algorithm is based on an iterative reweighting scheme. At each step, the problem of searching for cluster centers based on an algorithm with weights of examples is solved. The weights of the examples correspond to the values of the partial derivatives of a function that estimates the average value and is insensitive to outliers. The weights obtained in this way suppress the effect of emissions.
Security Contribution in Wireless Communication Networks

: Fading and multipath occur in many wireless communication systems. In mobile communication systems, the mobile or the base station unit is often surrounded by various objects, such as buildings, trees, etc. These objects produce more than one path over which the signal can travel between the transmitter and the receiver. In multipath situation, the signals arriving along different paths will have different attenuation, delays and direction of arrivals. They might add at the receiving end either constructively or destructively depending on their phases, resulting in phenomena known as fading. A recent trend in ad hoc network routing is the reactive on-demand philosophy where routes are established only when required. Mostly work has been concentrated on routing aspect. Most of the protocols in this category are not incorporating proper security features. Security is one of the most important concepts in ad hoc networks. It has been observed that different protocols need different strategies for security. The study here proposes a theory in this paper based on Hashing as a tool. This scheme can make most of the on demand protocols secure. The study should help in making protocols more robust against attacks and standardize parameters for security in routing protocols.
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE REGION AND ITS OPPORTUNITIES IN TOURISM AND EXCURSION ACTIVITIES (CASE OF CHERNIVTSI REGION, UKRAINE)

Chernivtsi region in Ukraine is a unique territory where the historical and cultural heritage of different time periods is represented: from Old Russian, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian to Romanian and Ukrainian. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive assessment of the historical and cultural heritage of the Chernivtsi region for a more intensive further involvement in the tourism industry in the Carpathian region, together with neighboring EU countries: Romania, Slovakia, Poland. For this purpose, different status, state of preservation and spatial differences were taken into account together with the resources support throughout the territory under study. The article considers the theoretical and methodological foundations for studying the historical and cultural significant sites of the region, carries out a comprehensive assessment of the historical and cultural potential of the Chernivtsi region, analyzes its legacy through three factor components of ratings: the number, concentration and location of tourist destinations (archaeological sites, monuments of architecture, history and monumental art). The result is an integral grade rating of the Chernivtsi region and its regional taxonomic units of the lowest hierarchy, which have the greatest concentration of historical and cultural tourist destinations. According to the studies of the territory the most suitable for effective and perspective use in domestic and international tourist and excursion activities, but the North Bukovyna recreational supra-region occurred to be weak promotional and organizational component of the integral touristic product.
Fermion or Boson Dark Matter?

We measure properties of dark matter in four well motivated scenarios: fermions with ultra-relativistic thermal equilibrium (URTE), bosons with URTE, fermions with non-relativistic thermal equilibrium (NRTE), and bosons with NRTE. We attempt to discriminate between these four scenarios with studies of spiral galaxy rotation curves, and galaxy stellar mass distributions. The measurements show evidence for boson dark matter with a significance of 3. 5σ, and obtain no significant discrimination between URTE and NRTE.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Obesity among Adult Kabul Citizens ( Afghanistan )

lobally, the burden of noncommunicable diseases is rapidly increasing. The most important risk factors are high blood pressure (BP), high concentrations of cholesterol in the blood, inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity and tobacco use (1). By 2008, an estimated 1.46 billion adults globally were overweight (body mass index [BMI]≥25kg/m2) and 500 million G
Learning from Shared News: When Abundant Information Leads to Belief Polarization

We study learning via shared news. Each period agents receive the same quantity and quality of first-hand information and can share it with friends. Some friends (possibly few) share selectively, generating heterogeneous news diets across agents. Agents are aware of selective sharing and update beliefs by Bayes’ rule. Contrary to standard learning results, we show that beliefs can diverge in this environment leading to polarization. This requires that (i) agents hold misperceptions (even minor) about friends’ sharing and (ii) information quality is sufficiently low. Polarization can worsen when agents’ friend networks expand. When the quantity of first-hand information becomes large, agents can hold opposite extreme beliefs resulting in severe polarization. We find that news aggregators can curb polarization caused by news sharing. Our results hold without media bias or fake news, so eliminating these is not sufficient to reduce polarization. When fake news is included, it can lead to polarization but only through misperceived selective sharing. We apply our theory to shed light on the polarization of public opinion about climate change in the US.
Methylation Status of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Circulating DNA of PDAC Patients: Facts and Hopes

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal solid tumor malignancies and it is projected to become a leading cause of cancer related deaths in coming years [1]. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to the lack of specific symptoms and rapid invasion [2]. Overall survival rate in pancreatic cancer patients is around 10% (American Cancer Society) and only 15% patients are found to have respectable diseases [3]. Thus, aggressiveness of diseases may limit the early diagnosis, contributes to the high mortality rate. Until now, we are also lacking efficient noninvasive biomarkers to detect the early stage and the progression of diseases. Best-known FDA approved biomarker for prognostic surveillance is carbohydrate antigen CA19-9 [4]. However, sensitivity and specificity of this marker to detect the severity in PDAC patients is very low. When released by PDAC patients, CA19-9 monitors the progression and relapse of diseases [5]. While CA199 levels are also high in chronic pancreatitis patients CP along with PDAC [6]. Due to these limitations, the clinical use of CA19-9 is discouraged in PDAC patients unless use in combination of other circulating biomarkers. The collection and analysis of pancreatic juice is invasive and cumbersome, however more informative [6]. The lack of robust noninvasive biomarker has encouraged scientists to explore more strategies.
Target genes for the identification and detection of potentially hazardous bacteria

The discovery during the last two decades of a large number of bacterial toxins and other virulence factors such as adhesins and invasins has led to a significantly better understanding of mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity and powerful molecular methods for the accurate detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria. Hence, the different medically relevant pathogenic types of bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and several Pasteurella spp. can be rapidly and accurately identified and clearly distinguished from avirulent strains belonging to the same species by means of gene probes or PCR. However, for many pathogenic bacterial species no virulence factors or genes are known yet. For them, the differentiation of pathogenic types from lessor non-pathogenic types must rely on secondary markers or remains still impossible. We are currently developing broad range gene probes for the detection of potential virulence genes in possibly most or all bacterial species. For this purpose, all known toxin genes were grouped to toxin gene families, according to their genetic relationships. From this knowledge, broad range gene probes were derived by cloning and amplifying the most characteristic and best conserved parts of the different toxin gene families. Using low to medium stringent hybridisation conditions, these sets of gene probes detect known toxin genes which were not directly included in the gene probes and also indicate the presence of virulence genes in pathogenic bacterial species isolated from clinical samples as well as in typeand referencestrains of species from which no virulence genes were known yet. Using this approach, we have identified several new toxin genes from different pathogenic bacteria. Ultimately we are assessing broad range gene probes for type III secretion genes as general indicators for virulent bacteria. We prospect the broad range probes to be useful for the identification of waterborne pathogens.
A developmental morphology characteristic comparative study of Andrias davidianus embryos development

This study through the observation under the condition of total artificial breeding of giant salamander embryo development and the formation process of organs,the contrast of copy is natural the salamander embryo developmental process of ecological breeding,the salamander from fertilized egg to hatch for seedlings out membrane on the morphology observation of continuous system.Results: artificial breeding of the strain to its embryonic stage in embryonic development and organ formation,there are obvious "nerve ditch","optic vesicle formation" and "heart beat" characteristics,and on the basis of the traditional stage increased "neural groove period","optic vesicle formation" and "heart beat" period,and the appearance of embryonic development process is divided into 23 times;Although the same strain of artificial breeding and imitated ecological breeding way most basic same,appearance features of development but in cleavage stage and neural embryo stage still exist differences;And by using artificial breeding technology,improve its hatching rate,hatching rate.Providing theoretical basis for further study on the artificial breeding of giant salamander and experimental materials.
Extraction of impacted lower third molars using bone splitting technique with ultrasonic (Surgical piezo): A clinical study

Purpose: Piezosurgery has been tremendously used in oral and maxillofacial surgery, but there has been no report systematically introducing an osteotomy method using piezosurgery in complicated mandibular third molar removal. This study aimed to evaluate a new technique for surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars, using bone splitting technique with ultrasonic (surgical piezo). Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients, their ages range between 18–40 years, who had asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molars, were selected for this study and randomized into two groups. Group A consisted of 20 patients who underwent surgical extraction with rotary instruments and Group B consisted of 20 patients who underwent surgical extraction done with bone splitting technique with ultrasonic (surgical piezo). The post-operative pain, swelling, and trismus were assessed over a 7 days follow-up period. Results: The mean post-operative pain on day 0 was 6.06 ± (0.69) in Group A and 4.06 ± (0.69) in Group B, Then on day 3, it was 4.20 ± (0.7) in Group A and 2.50 ± (0.69) in Group B, and on day 5 it was 3.0 ± (0.73) in Group A and 0.50 ± (0.6) in Group B. On the 3rd post-operative day, the mean post-operative swelling was 3.51 ± (0.3) cm in Group A and the mean post-operative swelling was 2.3600 ± (0.28910) cm in Group B. On the 5th post-operative day, the mean post-operative swelling was 2.4 ± (0.31) in Group A and 1.6650 ± (0.21095) in Group B. The difference between both groups was significant for all parameters. Conclusion: Although extraction of impacted lower third molar using bone splitting technique with ultrasonic (surgical piezo) takes more time and is more expensive, the advantages gained in terms of tissue preservation, and decreased pain and swelling make it a superior technique compared with using rotary instruments.
Economic Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease in Outpatients: Impact of Symptom Severity

To assess the economic burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we carried out a cross-sectional prevalence cost-of-illness study in France. Fifty-one probable AD patients (NINCDS-ADRDA) actually treated in ambulatory care were recruited in two university outpatient centers. Demographic, clinical (including actual Mini-Mental State Examination scores), and economic data were collected by clinical investigators and trained interviewers. Total costs included actual expenditures such as direct medical costs and direct nonmedical costs, as well as indirect costs (loss of earnings due to loss of productivity). Cost valuation was based on the societal perspective using an opportunity costing approach. We found that indirect costs represented a significant portion of total costs (36%-40%). In terms of expenditures, patients and caregivers were found to bear the major part of AD total costs. We found a positive and significant correlation between disease severity and costs. Our findings support the hypothesis of a relationship between disease evolution and healthcare costs.
Two-Year Inhalation Toxicity Study in Rats with Hydrochlorofluorocarbon 123

Abstract Two-Year Inhalation Toxicity Study in Rats with Hydrochlorofluorocarbon 123. Malley, L. A. , Carakostas, M. , Hansen, J. F. , Rusch, G. M. , Kelly, D. P., and Trochimowicz, H. J. (1995). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 25, 101-114. The potential chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of hydrochlorofluorocarbon 123 (HCFC-123) was evaluated by exposing male and female rats to 0, 300, 1000, or 5000 ppm HCFC-123 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 2 years. Clinical pathology was evaluated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. An interim termination and measurements of hepatic cell proliferation and beta-oxidation activity were conducted at 12 months. The terminal euthanization occurred at 24 months. Males and females exposed to 5000 ppm and females exposed to 300 or 1000 ppm had lower body weights and body weight gains. Serum triglyceride and glucose concentrations were significantly decreased at all exposure concentrations in both sexes. Serum cholesterol was also lower in 300, 1000, and 5000 ppm females and in 5000 ppm males. Alterations in serum protein concentrations occurred at 300, 1000, and 5000 ppm. Survival was higher in 1000 and 5000 ppm males and females. At 24 months, increased relative liver weight occurred in 5000 ppm males, and decreased absolute kidney weight occurred in 5000 ppm males and in 1000 and 5000 ppm females. Benign hepatocellular adenomas were increased in 5000 ppm males and in all test groups of females. Hepatic cholangiofibromas were also increased in 5000 ppm females. Pancreatic acinar cell adenomas were increased in all test groups of males, and acinar cell hyperplasia was increased in the 1000 and 5000 ppm males and females. Benign testicular interstitial adenomas and focal interstitial cell hyperplasia were also increased in all male test groups compared to controls. Diffuse retinal atrophy was increased in all male and female test groups, but it was considered to be an indirect compound-related effect. Hepatic beta-oxidation activity (peroxisome proliferation) was higher in 300, 1000 and 5000 ppm males and 1000 and 5000 ppm females. Compound-related differences in the rate of hepatic cell proliferation were not observed at any exposure concentration. Decreased incidences of a variety of age-related lesions occurred at 1000 and 5000 ppm.
“Interleukin-5 Level in the sera of Iraqi Asthma Patients”

Asthma is an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction. It was denoted that many factors play a role in its pathogenecity such as cytokines. One of these cytokines is IL-5. The level of IL-5 has been estimated by applying ELISA technique in the sera of 94 Iraqi patients with asthma in comparison with 41 acute nonasthmatic bronchitis cases as a patient controls beside 30 apparent healthy controls. This study showed highly significant elevatation of IL-5 concentration in the sera of asthmatic patients in comparison with control groups (P< 0.001). Furthermore IL-5 test proved to be a perfect test for asthma cases and distinguishing it from healthy controls with a high sensitivity (97.1%) and 100% specificity while it's accuracy was (98.4%).
Forecasting the foreign exchange market using the modified G (ARCH) model

The article provides a comparative analysis of existing models for forecasting prices in the foreign exchange market. The authors propose an improved modification of the model that is most suitable for predicting the behaviour of the EUR / USD currency pair. The calculation is performed by the developed software tool that processes and analyses the entered parameters of the time series. Keywords—data analysis, time series analysis, autoregression, foreign exchange market
Interference of Sulfate Esterification in the Detection of Polysaccharide Molecular Weight

Sulfate esterification facilitates a number of biological activities, such as antiviral and anticoagulant effects, that are unique to polysaccharides. Its activity is strictly controlled by molecular weight. However, dextran is widely used as the standard substance in the determination of the molecular weights of sulfated polysaccharides and its use inevitably leads to the misjudgment of active sulfated polysaccharide molecular weight. The rheological mechanic differences between standard dextran and dextran sulfate were observed by comparing the characteristic viscous parameters of the two substances. An improved Mark-Houwink-Sakurada(MHS) model and conventional column chromatography were used to analyze the interference of sulfate esterification in the detection of polysaccharide molecular weight. The results showed that dextran and dextran sulfate have different fluid mechanics. The gradient of the correlation equation for dextran concentration and its reduced viscosity was positive, whereas that for dextran sulfate was negative. Improved MHS model also demonstrated significant differences in the specific coefficients in the DB equations of the two polysaccharides. The results of column chromatography showed that the molecular weight detected with dextran sulfate was far greater than the true value if dextran was used as the standard substance. In summary, sulfate esterification may change the rheological behavior of polysaccharides and is thus a fundamental cause for the misjudgment of polysaccharide molecular weight measured using normal detection methods.