Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phase Diagram of YBa2Cu3O7-x, Y2Ba4Cu7O15-x and YBa2Cu4O8 Superconductors

The phase diagrams of Y-system superconductors with compositions of 123 and 124 are given as a function of temperature and partial pressure of oxygen over the range 700 to 1000°C and 0.5≦P(O2)≦10 atm. The stable regions of the phases YBa2Cu3O7-x(123), Y2Ba4Cu7O15-x(247) and YBa2Cu4O8(124) were determined. The phase boundaries of 247/124 (starting composition of 124) and 123/124 (starting composition of 123) were found to be represented by the following equations, respectively: log P(O2)(atm)=(7.89±0.08)-(0.86±0.01)×104/T(K) log P(O2)(atm)=(12.1±1.6)-(1.25±0.18)×104/T(K). The 123 phase is stable only in its semiconductor phase (tetragonal phase) and the superconducting phase (orthorhombic phase) is metastable at all temperatures. The 124 phase is more stable than the 123 orthorhombic phase.
Crystal Chemistry of the Olivine-Type Li ( Mn y Fe1 − y ) PO 4 and ( Mn y Fe1 − y ) PO 4 as Possible 4 V Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries

A potential 4 V cathode material for lithium batteries was investigated. The crystal chemistry of the olivine-type of Li(Mn y 2+ Fe 1-y 2+ )PO 4 (discharged state) and its delithiated form (Mn y 3+ Fe 1-y 3+ )PO 4 (charged state) were comparatively studied using X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. A strong oxidizer, nitronium tetrafluoroborate, NO 2 BF 4 , was used for chemical delithiation of Li(Mn y 2+ Fe 1-y 2+ )PO 4 to obtain (Mn y 3+ Fe 1-y 3+ )PO 4 . The strong electron/lattice interaction induced by the trivalent manganese (3d 4 ) in (Mn y 3+ Fe 1-y 3+ )PO 4 (charged state) is highlighted as the intrinsic obstacle to generating the full theoretical capacity (ca. 170 mAh/g) of the Mn-rich phase (y >0.8), followed by an efficient cathode performance of the optimized Li(Mn 0.6 Fe 0.4 )PO 4 .
How molecular doping affects the charge separation process in polymer-fullerene blends

xv Table of contents . xvii List of abbreviations . xx 1 The road to clean energy production from renewable sources . 1 2 Fundamental concepts of photo-induced charge generation in organic semiconductors . 7 2.1 Molecules with delocalized π-electron systems . 8 2.2 Energy levels of organic semiconducting molecules . 11 2.3 Molecules in the solid state – the effects of disorder . 17 2.4 Neutral and charged excitations . 19 2.5 Optical transitions . 22 2.6 Energy transport and exciton diffusion . 26 2.7 Photogeneration of charge carriers in donor-acceptor blends . 28 2.8 Charge transport in disordered systems . 36 2.9 Basic principle of solar cell operation . 37 3 Materials and Experimental Methods . 41 3.1 Materials . 41 3.2 Sample fabrication . 46 3.3 Experimental setups . 49 4 Low-voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Doped Organic Semiconductors Films . 63 4.1 Motivation for dopant distribution mapping in polymeric organic semiconductors . 64 4.2 Morphological investigation of doped conjugated polymer films with AFM and SEM . 65 4.3 Correlation of emission quenching patterns in PL maps with dopant distributions in SEM images . 71 4.4 Monte-Carlo simulation of SEM electron yield from doped polymer films . 74
Chemical percolation model for devolatilization. 2. Temperature and heating rate effects on product yields

The chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model previously developed to describe the devolatilization behavior of rapidly heated coal was based on the chemical structure of the parent coal. Percolation lattice statistics are employed to describe generation of finite tar clusters as labile bonds are cleaved in the infinite coal lattice. The model is used here to describe effects of heating rate and temperature on tar and gas release from coal. Results indicate that the CPD models predictions yied good agreement with published data for a wide range of coals and particle heating rates
Correction to ``Effect of peroxy radical reactions on the predicted concentrations of ozone, nitrogenous compounds, and radicals''

The reactions of organic peroxy radicals with NO, HO2, organic peroxy radicals, and NO3 along with the formation and decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate are all important for the modeling of atmospheric chemistry. Recent laboratory measurements of the rate constants for peroxy radical-peroxy radical reactions show that there are large differences between these rate constants. We present methods of estimating organic peroxy radical self-reaction rate constants from an empirical expression. These self-reaction rate constants may be used to estimate the rates of peroxy radical cross reactions. There are also new data available on the rate constants for peroxyacetyl nitrate formation, decomposition, the reaction of acetyl peroxy radicals and other organic peroxy radicals with NO, and the reactions of NO3 with organic peroxy radicals. To estimate the importance of these reactions, these new data along with revisions to the product yields for organic peroxy radical-organic peroxy radical reactions were implemented in the mechanism of Stockwell et al. [1990]. The revised mechanism yields significantly different concentrations of peroxyacetyl nitrate, higher organic hydroperoxides and peroxyacetic acid concentrations. Nighttime concentrations of organic peroxy radicals, HO2, HO, and NO3 are also strongly affected by organic peroxy radical-organic peroxy radical reactions and the reactions of organic peroxy radicals with NO3. Our results suggest that the reactions of organic peroxy radicals with NO3 are more important than organic peroxy radical-organic peroxy radical reactions in the nighttime atmosphere.
Combined dehydration methods. From fresh fruit to high-quality ingredients.

Numerous products from the food industry contain fruit and/or berries, in the form of fillings or ingredients, e. g. in yoghurt, some bread products/cereal products, ice cream, etc. In order to produce these ingredients and improve their characteristics, many processing techniques are available. This thesis focuses on dehydration methods that take into account the fragile and complex cellular tissues of fruit and facilitate the incorporation of fruit pieces into numerous industrial recipes. The target product should have an acceptable ability to rehydrate and to regain a texture that is as near to fresh as possible. The structural changes and the stabilisation in terms of water activity were particularly studied. Water and its functionality at macro- and micro-levels of the cellular tissue were reviewed as well as its transfer during dehydration. In the context of dehydration, fruit and vegetables collapse as a result of water loss when water is transported from the cells to the surroundings via the cell walls and the intercellular spaces. Collapse can be partially prevented by reinforcing the cell walls and filling the intercellular spaces with carbohydrate solutions and other biopolymers before dehydration with methods such as osmotic treatment or vacuum impregnation. Microwave-assisted air-drying with controlled temperatures at 50, 60 and 70°C was applied to apple cubes after different pre-treatments. The use of microwaves shortened the time of drying compared with air-drying alone. The combination of osmotic treatment and microwave-assisted air-drying produced dehydrated samples of improved appearance and higher volume compared with the samples obtained without osmotic pre-treatment. Other pretreatments were also studied in combination with microwave-assisted air-drying, and the best results were obtained with calcium infusion at ambient temperature, particularly with the rehydrated texture. Pre-freezing was the most damaging process for the apple tissue. Important parameters of osmotic treatment of apple were also studied. When trehalose was used as the osmotic agent it was shown to be at least as efficient as sucrose in removing water except when applied in crystalline form. Vacuum application in combination with osmotic treatment had an immediate and significant effect on the composition of the samples. It enhanced the solid gain by filling most of the extracellular spaces. Modelling of the relation between water activity and moisture content during osmotic treatment was also successfully accomplished. In conclusion, this thesis showed that a combination of different techniques is a good way to achieve high-quality ingredients from fresh fruit, but more research is needed to better understand the complexity of the plant tissue and its behaviour during processing. (Less)
NATURALLY OCCURRING IRON-CHELATING COMPOUNDS IN OAT-AND RICE-ROOT WASHINGS : I. Activity Measurement and Preliminary Characterization

Abstract The root washings of water-cultured oat and rice (non-sterile) contained some sort of amphoteric, iron-solubilizing chelating (or complexing) compound(s), which could be separated into a “cationic fraction” by elution in a cation exchanger column with in NH4OH. In oats, the release of the chelator into the washings greatly increased under iron-stress conditions. Under the same condition “iron-inefficient” rice plants also increased the release of the chelator, though to a much less extent than did the oats. Further examination of the “cationic fraction” revealed that this chelator may be a heat-stable, acid-hydrolyzable non-marromolecule of extraordinarily high polarity. In the absence of interfering ions, the chelator was able to solubilize hydra ted Fe (III) oxide effectively within a range of pH 4 to 9. Its Fe-solubilizing action was inhibited by the presence of divalent metals, the extent being in the order, Cu>Cos≥Zn>Mn> Ca (no inhibition).
Effect of the humidity in the ionic mobility in reduced air-density

It is analyzed the effect of the humidity on the mean ionic mobility in reduced air-density (/spl delta/=0.77). The analysis is supported in corona current-voltage curves using rod-plane DC gaps. The mean ionic mobility in positive polarity it is reduced 1.4% per g/m/sup 3/ while at sea level is reduced 1% per g/m/sup 3/ only; this shows that for positive polarity a reduction of 23% in the relative-air density increases the effect of humidity in approximately 40%. For negative polarity the mean ionic mobility is decreased 1.1% per g/m/sup 3/. Up to now there is still the discussion above the appropriate value of the exponent a in the equation of the steady component of corona current that takes into account the gap distance d:Ic=C/d/sup a/ V(V-Vo). In according to our experimental data a=1.1.
Effects of Soil Texture, Carbon Input Rates, and Litter Quality on Free Organic Matter and Nitrogen Mineralization in Chilean Rain Forest and Agricultural Soils

Abstract Nitrogen (N) mineralization in soil depends on carbon (C) input of plant materials, site environmental conditions, and soil texture. Empirical correlates of N mineralization can be difficult to interpret, however, because of interactions among these factors. A multiple regression model relating N mineralization to C input rates, litter quality, and soil texture in Chilean temperate rain forest soils was developed. Nitrogen mineralization rates ranged from 3.0 to 5.7 mg kg−1 soil d−1 depending on C input rate and soil texture but were not influenced by litter quality. We compared C storage of both forest and long‐term‐cropped soils with the protective capacity (i.e., the expected maximum C pool associated with the clay and silt fractions). Soil organic C associated with the fine fraction of forest soils was significantly greater than the calculated protective capacity, with clay‐rich soils averaging 141% more C than this limit and coarser soils having 56% more than predicted. In contrast, C content of cropped soils was well below the calculated protective capacity, averaging ∼32–60% less than this limit, showing the potential of these soils for sequestering C. The results were consistent with the finding that N mineralization was positively correlated with the amount of free organic matter associated with the sand‐size fraction in forest soils. The study illustrates that (i) the capacity of soils to preserve soil organic C in clay‐ and silt‐sized particles was greater than that of agricultural soils and (ii) in highly saturated soils, the N mineralization is a function of the quantity of organic‐matter input, which in turn accumulates as free organic C in the sand‐size fraction.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY INDICATING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RISEDRONATE IN TABLETS

A rapid, simple, and stability-indicating capillary electrophoresis method with UV detection was developed and validated for the assay of risedronate in tablet formulation. During our studies, the effects toward the crucial factors such as the buffer type, concentration and pH, applied voltage, and injection time were investigated. Optimal separation and determination was obtained utilizing 15 mM citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate (pH 6.0) as running buffer, applied voltage of 20 kV, and UV detection at 262 nm on an uncoated fused-silica capillary column. Under the optimal conditions, each electrophoretic run was completed within 5 min. The optimized method demonstrated good performance concerning selectivity, robustness, linearity (r 2 = 0.9997), sensitivity (limit of detection: 3 µg/mL), accuracy (95.32–97.43%) and precision (<2.26%). The stability indicating capability of the method was established by enforced degradation studies combined with peak purity assessment using calculated the response ratio of risedronate using peak areas integrated at both 210 and 262 nm. As a good alternative to the HPLC method, this approach has been successfully employed for the determination of the commercial available risedronate tablets.
NMR-Spectroscopy: Processing Strategies

Your Personal "PC-NMR Processing Station". Modern Homo- and Heteronuclear 1D and 2D NMR Experiments: A Short Overview.How to Display and Plot 1D and 2D Spectra.How to Process 1D and 2D NMR Data.NMR Data of an Unknown Oligosaccharide.Glossary. Index.
Voltage distribution at the n-WSe2 and n-MoSe2 electrolyte interface

The voltage distribution at the n-WSe{sub 2} and n-MoSe{sub 2}/electrolyte interface is obtained from electroreflection and capacitance measurements. Variations in the electroreflection signal intensity with electrode potential are used as a direct probe to locate the band position as a function of potential. Capacitance measurements are consistent with and complement the electroreflection results. As expected, a variety of Fe{sup 3+/2+} based mid-gap redox couples have no significant effect on the voltage distribution across either dichalcogenide/electrolyte interface. In the presence of the strongly oxidizing cerium redox couple, the authors observed flatband shifts/double-layer charging, and conclude the Ce{sup 4+} adsorption rather than hole infection is the cause. There is a common threshold of 0.4 V above either dichalcogenide's flat-band potential before the double layer beings to charge. Then, for more positive biases, it is the double layer that charges while the space charge voltage remains relatively unaffected. Finally, above about 0.7 and 1.1 V respectively, double-layer charging ceases, and the applied voltage again appears predominantly across the space-charge region. In this paper, the authors estimate that Ce{sup 4+} adsorption saturates with a coverage on the order of 0.1 monolayer.
Stimulation of Sulfate‐Reducing Bacteria in Lake Water from a Former Open‐Pit Mine Through Addition of Organic Wastes

A method to improve water quality in a lake occupying a former open‐pit mine was evaluated in a laboratory‐scale study. Untreated pit lake water contained high levels of sulfate, iron, and arsenic (1 200, 100, and 5 mg/L, respectively) and was mildly acidic (∼pH 6). Varying amounts of two locally available organic waste products (waste from a potato‐processing plant and composted steer manure) were added to pit water and maintained in microcosms under anoxic conditions. In selected microcosms, populations of sulfate‐reducing bacteria increased with time; sulfide was generated by sulfate reduction; sulfate, iron, and arsenic concentrations approached zero; and pH approached neutrality. Best results were obtained with intermediate amounts of waste potato skin.
The experimental electron density in monoclinic cobalt sulfate hexahydrate, CoSO4.6D2O, at 25 K

The electron density in CoSO 4 . 6D 2 O has been determined at 25 K by multipole refinement against single-crystal X-ray intensity data. Hydrogen positional and displacement parameters have been taken from a refinement using single-crystal neutron data. The influence of superposition on the total deformation density has been assessed by calculating the densities separately from the deformation functions of the individual constituents of the structure. The deformation density is significantly distorted from octahedral symmetry for the two crystallographically independent Co 2+ ions, although the water O-atom arrangement around them is close to octahedral in both cases
COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (eGFR) USING SERUM CREATININE AND CYSTATIN C IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THE LIMITATIONS OF CREATININE IN THE DETECTION OF EARLY CHANGES IN GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR). MEASUREMENT OF SERUM CYSTATIN C HAS BEEN PROPOSED IN ASSESSMENT OF RENAL STATUS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE MANAGEMENT. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO COMPARE THE ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR RATE GFR (eGFR) CREATININE AND eGFR CYSTATIN C AMONG APPARENTLY HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WITH A VIEW TO ESTABLISHING THE PARAMETER THAT WILL DETECT THE CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT LEVEL eGFR<60ML/MM/1.73M 2 FIRST. A TOTAL OF 100 MALE WITH A MEAN AGE 46.5 YEARS (±1.15) WERE RECRUITED FOR THIS STUDY. SERUM CYSTATIN C AND CREATININE WERE ASSAYED USING THE IMMUNOTURBIDOMETRIC AND KINETIC MODIFIED JAFFÉ’S METHOD (TRACEABLE TO IDMS) RESPECTIVELY. PEARSON CORRELATION AND BLAND-ALTMAN PLOT WERE USED FOR COMPARISON. THE MEAN EGFR FOR SERUM CYSTATIN C WAS 96.5 ML/MM/1.73M3±18.18 AND MEAN EGFR CREATININE WAS 96.8 ML/MM/1.73M3 ±22.39. THE EGFR USING SERUM CYSTATIN C HAS SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE CORRELATION WITH EGFR USING SERUM CREATININE (R=0.671; P=0.000). THE EGFR USING SERUM CYSTATIN C REVEALED THAT 3% OF THE PARTICIPANTS SHOWED REDUCED RENAL FUNCTION BASED ON THE GROUPING OF KIDNEY DISEASE BY THE KIDNEY DISEASE: IMPROVING GLOBAL OUTCOMES (KDIGO) CLASSIFICATION BUT THIS WAS NOT DETECTED BY SERUM CREATININE METHOD. THERE WAS AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EGFR CREATININE AND EGFR CYSTATIN C (97% OF THE PLOT FELL WITHIN ±2SD). CONCLUSION: EGFR CYSTATIN C SHOWED EARLY STAGE OF REDUCED RENAL FUNCTION NOT DETECTED BY EGFR CREATININE. creatinine and cystatin C and the performance of the CKD-EPI equation for GFR in apparently healthy in This compared the and cystatin among .
Changes in Ascorbic Acid Content, Antioxidant Capacity and Sensory Quality of Fresh-cut Mangosteens During Storage

Fresh-cut mangosteens, stored in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 5% O2 + 9% CO2), in vacuum packaging (VAC) and in air (AIR) were examined for ascorbic acid content, antioxidant capacity and sensory quality during 14 days of storage at 4oC. After 4 days-storage, fresh-cut fruits with MAP resulted in better retention of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity than those stored in AIR throughout the storage. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in ascorbic acid contents between fruits stored in MAP and VAC, as well as antioxidant capacities, during the remaining period of storage. Fresh-cut fruits with MAP treatment obtained the highest sensory scores, compared with other treatments, throughout the entire period of storage. Fresh-cut mangosteens stored in MAP resulted in the best overall retention of ascorbic acid, antioxidant capacity and sensory quality.
Luminescence property of Eu-doped fluorochlorozirconate glass-ceramics

一系列做 Eu2+ 的 fluorochlorozirconate 眼镜陶艺被稳固的州的反应方法准备。 X 光检查衍射，光致发光，刺激相片的光(PSL ) 和包含 BaCl2 nano 水晶的 fluorozirconate 玻璃的混浊并且微水晶被测量因为样品在 290 瑩瑡潩 ? 湩整獮瑩 ? 慷 ? 湡污穹摥退火了。
Thermal Analysis Of Pharmaceuticals

As a result of the Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) initiative launched by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), analytical development is receiving more attention within the pharmaceutical industry. Illustrating the importance of analytical methodologies, Thermal Analysis of Pharmaceuticals presents reliable and versatile characterization tools for the successful development of pharmaceutical products. It draws attention to the most widely applicable methods and demonstrates how to interpret the associated data.The book opens with the first three chapters devoted to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the most commonly used thermal method. These chapters cover the principles, optimal use, and pharmaceutical applications of the method. Subsequent chapters explore modulated temperature DSC, thermogravimetric analysis, thermal microscopy, microcalorimetry, high sensitivity DSC, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermally stimulated current, all of which have attracted great interest within the pharmaceutical field. The chapters include theoretical background, measurement optimization, and pharmaceutical applications of each technique.Exploring important techniques for characterizing the physical structure and properties of pharmaceutical materials, Thermal Analysis of Pharmaceuticals achieves an ideal balance in the depth, relevance, and accessibility of topics presented. The book provides an excellent overview of this key area in pharmaceutical development.
Innovative anaerobic bioreactor with fixed‐structured bed (ABFSB) for simultaneous sulfate reduction and organic matter removal

BACKGROUND The anaerobic treatment of wastewaters is usually applied to remove the organic matter, converting it into methane. The presence of sulfate in some wastewaters produces sulphide during anaerobic biological processing, which is known as an inhibitor of biological processes. In this study, a novel anaerobic bioreactor with a fixed structured bed (ABFSB) was subjected to simultaneous sulfate reduction and organic matter removal. RESULTS Synthetic wastewater was used as organic substrate and the bioreactor performance was studied with different COD/[SO42−] ratios: 0.72, 1.7, 3.5 and 6.1. The highest COD and sulfate removal efficiencies were achieved at a COD/[SO42−] ratio of 1.7 (82 and 89%, respectively). Also, in this condition a greater overall kinetic apparent parameter (0.96 h−1) was observed. The kinetic parameters indicate that the sulfate reducing bacteria played an important role in the organic matter removal process over a range of COD/[SO42−] ratios from 6.1 to 1.7. CONCLUSIONS Concerning the organic matter removal, the best synergy between sulfate reduction bacteria and metanogenic archaea communities was achieved in COD/[SO42−] ∼1.7. The ABSFB was suitable for the simultaneous organic matter and sulfate removal, especially when the COD/[SO42−] ratio was 1.7, but demonstrating a stable and efficient process in all conditions studied. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry