Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative survival and growth of embryos, larvae, and juveniles of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis and O. hatcheri at different salinities*

Summary The hatching of fertilized eggs and the survival and growth of larvae and juveniles of the inland-water atherinids Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes 1835) and O. hatcheri (Eigenmann 1909) were examined at salinities of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 ppt. In addition, a limited study compared the salinity responses of O. bonariensis eggs and larvae from different origins. Overall, embryos, larvae, and juveniles of both species were euryhaline, although best survival and growth rates were obtained at the intermediate salinities. Survival of O. bonariensis at 0 ppt varied from very good to very poor. Comparison of the salinity responses of eggs and larvae of O. bonariensis from the current Japanese strain with newly introduced strains from three locations in Argentina did not reveal a clearly superior strain for freshwater culture. In general, O. hatcheri showed higher survival and growth rates and better adaptability to fresh water compared with O. bonariensis. Although both species are commonly regarded as freshwater species, the results of this study emphasize the importance of millimolar quantities of salts in the rearing water for improved survival and growth.
Nuclear DNA Content in Twelve Species of Alstroemeria L. and Some of their Hybrids

Nuclear DNA content (2C-value), estimated through flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI), was shown to vary from 36.5 pg to 78.9 pg among 29 accessions of 12Alstroemeriaspecies (2n=2x=16). The extremes were found inA. magnificassp.magnificaand inA. ligtussp.simsii, both belonging to the Chilean species group. The four Brazilian species exhibited less variation in nuclear DNA content (49.8–56.4 pg), than the eight Chilean species (36.5–78.9 pg). Nuclear DNA content was positively correlated (r=0.92,n=7,P<0.01) with the total chromosome length. It was also positively correlated (r=0.85,n=5,P<0.01) with the length of C-bands, when only the Chilean species were considered. When both karyotype parameters, length of non-C-banded chromosome regions (x) and length of C-bands (y) were determined, it was possible to predict the nuclear DNA content (z) with the formula z=0.65x+1.31y-0.45 (R2=0.97,P=0.004). The DAPI fluorescence of most accessions was proportional to the PI fluorescence (r=0.98,P<0.001), except for one accession ofA. ligtu, that had a relatively high PI/DAPI ratio (1.88). The PI/DAPI ratios of the Brazilian species were lower (1.59–1.67) than those of the Chilean species (1.68–1.88), which might reflect a difference in base pair composition. Four groups of species could be distinguished on the basis of fluorescence values. Diploid interspecific hybrids were shown to have a DNA content intermediate to the values of the parents involved. Both the PI and the DAPI fluorescence values of these hybrids approximated the mid parent values. Tetraploids, derived from selfing of diploids, had PI and DAPI fluorescence values that were twice that of the diploid hybrids. It was possible to distinguish aneuploids from euploids based on fluorescence values.
STUDIES IN WOOD-INHABITING HYMENOMYCETES: IV. THE GENUS CORIOLELLUS MURR.

The six species, Coriolellus sepium (Berk.) Murr. , the type of Coriolellus Murr. , C. serialis (Fr.) Murr. , C. malicola (Berk. & Curt.) Murr. , C. heteromorphus (Fr.) Bond. & Sing. , C. variiformis (Peck) n. comb. , and C. sinuosus (Fr.) n. comb. , are similar in cultural characters and in the morphological characters of their sporophores and so constitute a homogeneous group. Detailed morphological and cultural descriptions of each of the species, together with the results of interfertility tests, are presented, along with a revised description of the genus, a description of its cultural characters, and diagnostic keys.
Bioenergetics of juvenile whitespotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum [Anonymous (Bennett)]

This study establishes the bioenergetics budget of juvenile whitespotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum by estimating the standard metabolic rate (RS), measuring the effect of body size and temperature on the RS, and identifying the specific dynamic action (RSDA) magnitude and duration of that action in juvenile whitespotted bamboo sharks. The mean ±s.d. (RS) of six fish (500–620 g) measured in a circular closed respirometry system was 30·21 ± 5·68 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 at 18° C and 70·38 ± 14·81 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 at 28° C, respectively. There were no significant differences in RS between day and night at either 18 or 28° C (t-test, P > 0·05). The mean ±s.d. Q10 for 18–28° C was 2·32 ± 0·06 (n = 6). The amount of oxygen consumed per hour changed predictably with body mass (M; 295–750 g) following the relationship: (n = 40, r2= 0·92, P < 0·05). The mean magnitude of RSDA was 95·28 ± 17·55 mg O2 kg−1 h−1. The amount of gross ingested energy (EI) expended as RSDA ranged from 6·32 to 12·78% with a mean ±s.d. of 8·01 ± 0·03%. The duration of the RSDA effect was 122 h. The energy content of juvenile whitespotted bamboo shark, squid and faeces determined by bomb calorimeter were 19·51, 20·3 and 18·62 kJ g dry mass−1. A mean bioenergetic budget for juvenile whitespotted bamboo sharks fed with squid at 18° C was 100C = 29·5G + 31·9RS+ 28·2RSDA+ 6·7F + 2·1E + 1·6U, where C = consumption, G = growth, F = egestion, E = excretion and U = unaccounted energy.
Nectar Secretion, Reabsorption, and Sugar Composition in Male and Female Flowers of Cucurbita pepo

Nectar volume and sugar composition of male and female flowers of Cucurbita pepo L. (squash), a vine native to tropical Mexico, were studied in an Italian botanical garden. Flowers opened at dawn and closed at noon. Both sexes were extremely rewarding compared with most bee‐pollinated flowers, producing 22–40 mg sugar/flower in 6 h. Female flowers produced significantly more nectar sugar than did males, mainly because of a higher concentration of sugars in nectar (440 vs. 325 mg/mL). The temporal pattern of secretion was similar in the two sexes, and both nectars were sucrose rich. Sugar composition did not vary during anthesis. By 6 h after flower closure, nectar volume and sugar concentration had decreased drastically, especially in female flowers. Cucurbita pepo has the ability to reabsorb most or all unconsumed nectar.
Effect of Persimmon Sap Nutrition on Sugars of Honey in Colony of Apis mellifera

The object of this study was evaluation of Effect of persimmon sap nutrition as a stimulatory nutrition on Sugars of honey in Apis Mellifera colony. The experiment conducted based on randomized complete block design. The treatments were as follow: 1. sugar and water syrup (1:1 ratio), 2. persimmon sap and water (1:3 ratio), 3. persimmon sap and sugar (2:1 ratio), 4. persimmon sap and sugar (1:1 ratio), 5. persimmon sap and sugar (1:2 ratio). The overall duration of experiment was 60 days. To colonies at the end of experiment honeys transferred to lab and measured Sugars contain. Data relating to the effect of experimental dietary between control and experimental treatments showed, there are significant differences (P <0.05). The highest reducing sugars related to treatment 2 with 64.72 gr % and the lowest related to treatment 1 with 62.66 gr %. The highest Sucrose related to treatment 1 with 7 . 9 % gr % and the lowest related to treatment 2 with 23.2 gr %.
Nitric oxide: A ubiquitous signaling molecule with diverse role in plants

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous di-atomic radical, readily diffusible through biological membranes and readily soluble in water is having a wide array of physiological, biochemical and molecular events in animals, plants and microbes. NO reacts directly with metal complexes and other radicals and indirectly as a reactive nitrogen oxide species with DNA, proteins, and lipids. In animals, NO is well established as a signaling molecule and is synthesized by multiple forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme from L-arginine. NO functions in almost all tissues and interacts with multiple target compounds in neurotransmission, vascular smooth muscle relaxation, and platelet inhibition. In plants, NO is synthesized through different enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, and play a diverse role in maintaining the functional homeostasis in normal (unstressed) systems as well in the protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present knowledge on the biochemistry of evolution, localization, mode of action and signaling of NO in plants shows that NO is one of the versatile molecule which can be transported easily to any compartment in the plant cell and elucidate its impact through various signal transduction pathways. The literature available is vast. This review deals with the biosynthesis, detection and estimation methods used in plants, translocation and detoxification, and role of NO in plants. Emphasis is given to the role of NO as a signal regulating molecule in plants.
Molecular progresses of marine Planctomycetes : A review

The Planctomycetes are an important group of marine bacteria, which may play critical roles in biogenic elements cycling in the ocean. Although, ecological and physiological studies on Planctomycetes are limited for their few isolates, applications of molecular approaches to environmental samples have provided great information for the understanding of their functions. Here, we summarized recent progresses on Planctomycetes in their genomics, diversity and abundance, as well as related microbial ecological processes including anammox and mineral encrustation. We also proposed some potential carbon cycling pathways involving the Planctomycetes and some future focuses in related molecular ecological studies.
The effect of tree height on crown level stomatal conductance

Variation in stomatal conductance is typically explained in relation to environmental conditions. However, tree height may also contribute to the variability in mean stomatal conductance. Mean canopy stomatal conductance of individual tree crowns (G Si ) was estimated using sap flux measurements in Fagus sylvatica L. , and the hypothesis that G Si decreases with tree height was tested. Over 13 d of the growing season during which soil moisture was not limiting, G Si decreased linearly with the natural logarithm of vapour pressure deficit (D), and increased exponentially to saturation with photosynthetic photon flux density (Q o ). Under conditions of D = 1 kPa and saturating Q o , G Si decreased by approximately 60% with 30 m increase in tree height. Over the same range in height, sapwood-to-leaf area ratio (A S :A L ) doubled. A simple hydraulic model explained the variation in G Si based on an inverse relationship with height, and a linear relationship with A S :A L . Thus, in F. sylvatica, adjustments in A S :A L partially compensate for the negative effect of increased flow-path length on leaf conductance. Furthermore, because stomata with low conductance are less sensitive to D, gas exchange of tall trees is reduced less by high D. Despite these compensations, decreasing hydraulic conductance with tree height in F. sylvatica reduces carbon uptake through a corresponding decrease in stomatal conductance.
Comparación de caracteres corporales y del veneno de Bothrops alternatus entre poblaciones de las provincias de Buenos Aires y Entre Ríos, Argentina

Comparamos caracteres corporales y produccion de veneno de ejemplares de Bothropsalternatus de una poblacion aislada geograficamente (Olavarria, region de Tandilia, BuenosAires) con otra en su area de distribucion continua de Concordia (Entre Rios). Estudiamos ellargo corporal, peso, separacion entre dientes inoculadores, cantidad de veneno y de proteinasen el veneno por ejemplar. No se hallaron diferencias en los caracteres estudiados entreambas poblaciones (p > 0.05). Las hembras fueron mayores que los machos en ambas muestras,entre un 12-18% (p 0.5; Olavarria: 142 ± 65 mg/animal,Concordia: 160 ± 80 mg/animal), aun ajustando la cantidad de veneno producida respecto altamano, mediante el cociente veneno/largo corporal (p >0.6). Tampoco hubo diferencias enel contenido proteico, siendo para ambas muestras de 0.697 ± 0.096 mg de proteinas/mg deveneno seco. Nuestros datos sugieren que los ejemplares de la poblacion aislada de Tandiliano presentan variaciones en el tamano
Spatial and Temporal Segregation of Juvenile and Mature Garlic Mustard Plants (Alliaria petiolata) in a Central Pennsylvania Woodland

Abstract Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is an invasive, spring-germinating, obligately biennial plant. In a central Pennsylvania forest, two distinctive plant patch types exist simultaneously: patches with mixed juveniles and adults and patches that are exclusively juvenile. We experimentally tested two hypotheses to explain this peculiar distribution. The habitat limitation hypothesis proposes that garlic mustard, like other biennials, is limited to rarely available habitats and can only reach maturity in a subset of the patches where its seeds germinate. The intraspecific competition hypothesis proposes that juveniles only survive to maturity in patches lacking adults. We mapped the natural distribution of ten juvenile and ten mature patches and used transects to assess juvenile and adult density in 2 y. We found that patches cycled annually from juvenile to mixed, supporting the intraspecific competition hypothesis. We looked for biotic (interspecific competition) and abiotic (shading) factors that might contribute to habitat limitation, but none affected juvenile performance. We also looked for evidence of intraspecific competition by monitoring juvenile growth in juvenile, mixed and mixed with adults-removed patches. We found that juveniles from juvenile patches have a higher probability of survival than juveniles from mixed patches and adult removal improved juvenile survival in mixed patches. We conclude that the spatial and temporal segregation of juvenile and adult age classes is maintained by intraspecific competition.
Identifying Predation of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs by Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in Cotton by Using ELISA

Abstract A prey-specific gut content enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to identify predation of eggs of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), by Orius spp. in commercial cotton fields in Texas. Degradation of the egg protein began immediately after O. insidiosus fed on an egg. However, the protein antigen was detectable in the predator for approximately 10 h after feeding. The antigen retention time provided a conservative estimate of predation and insured that when predation was detected it occurred on the day predators were collected. The percentage of individual of Orius spp. that was positive by ELISA for the egg antigen varied throughout each growing season. The highest frequency of positive responses occurred before cotton bloom and after peak bloom.
Efficacy of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants for Potential Antibacterial Activity

Twelve medicinal plants were screened, namely Abrus precatorius L. , Caesalpinia pulcherrima Swartz. , Cardiospermum halicacabum L. , Casuarina equisetifolia L. , Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. , Delonix regia L. , Euphorbia hirta L. , Euphorbia tirucalli L. , Ficus benghalensis L. , Gmelina asiatica L. , Santalum album L. , and Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem, for potential antibacterial activity against 5 medically important bacterial strains, namely Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes ATCC17440, Proteus vulgaris NCTC8313 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564. The antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts was determined by agar disk diffusion and agar well diffusion method. The methanol extracts were more active than the aqueous extracts for all 12 plants studied. The plant extracts were more active against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. The most susceptible bacteria were B. subtilis, followed by S. epidermidis, while the most resistant bacteria were P. vulgaris, followed by S. typhimurium. From the screening experiment, Caesalpinia pulcherrima Swartz. showed the best antibacterial activity; hence this plant can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic antimicrobials and further pharmacological evaluation.
Effect of Supplementation of Rumen Protected Methionine-lysine and Choline on Milk Production in Crossbred Cows

This study was conducted to see the influence of supplementing rumen protected methionine plus lysine and choline on milk production in crossbred cows. Eighteen Karan Fries lactating cows were divided into three groups (C, T1 and T 2) on the basis of Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA, n= 6 animals/group). All the animals were fed basal ration consisting of wheat straw (20%), green fodder (40%) and concentrate mixture (40%) as per NRC (2001), The animals in T1 group were supplemented with 7 g rumen protected methionine plus 60 g rumen protected lysine per day and those in T2 group were given 60g rumen protected choline per day. DMI ((kg/100 kg body weight; kg W 0.75 was higher (P<0.05) in T1 and T2 groups than that of control (C). The digestibility of OM, NDF and ADF was higher (P<0.05) in T1 and T 2 than that of control. However, CP digestibility was higher (P<0.05) in T2 in comparison to C and T1 group. Body weight loss in T1 and T2 group was lower (P<0.05) than that in control group. Average milk yield, 4% FCM yield and total solids in milk were higher (P<0.05) in T1 and T2 groups. Hence, the supplementation of rumen protected methionine + lysine and rumen protected choline to lactating cows increased milk yield, 4% FCM yield due to improved digestibility of nutrients.
Effect of C:N ratio on alpha amylase production by Bacillus licheniformis SPT 27

Bacillus licheniformis SPT 27 is an isolate which produces extra cellular alpha (α-) amylase exhibiting activity at a wide pH range and was relatively stable. The B. lichenformis isolate, however, produces low yields of the amylase. Our results show that the amylase production is higher in the presence of starch, with Amarantus peniculatus starch producing the highest amount of amylase. Amongst sugars, fructose supported maximum amylase production. Of the nitrogen sources tested, peptone and ammonium hydrogen phosphate where the best organic and inorganic sources respectively. The C:N ratio found to be the optimum was 1:1. Key Words: Amarantus manipulates , alpha (α-) amylase, Bacillus licheniformis SPT 27, C:N ratio. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(10) 2004:519-522
Detection of antibodies to antigens of proteinase 3 (PR3) tumor differentiations and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in cases of promyelocytic leukemia

La leucemia promielocítica (LPM) subtipo M3 representa del 5-15 % en la clasificación FAB de las leucemias mieloides agudas (LMA). Está asociada con características genéticas únicas que incluyen la translocación recíproca t(15;17)(q22;q12). El mecanismo por el que ocurre la t(15;17) no se conoce. Las leucemias de estirpe mieloide expresan diversos antígenos de diferenciación tumoral como son la proteinasa 3 (PR 3) y la mieloperoxidasa (MPO) que se encuentran sobreexpresados en el promielocito. Se plantea que participan en la maduración y en la regulación de la división celular. Existe poca información acerca de la respuesta inmune de pacientes con LPM dirigida contra las células tumorales. En nuestro trabajo se detectó la presencia de anticuerpos contra los antígenos de diferenciación tumoral PR3 y MPO en diferentes fases del tratamiento de la enfermedad, mediante inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Los anticuerpos anti PR3 y anti MPO se detectaron en aquellos pacientes sin tratar y en fase de inducción, no así en la consolidación y mantenimiento, de ahí su posible utilidad como marcadores de diferenciación celular.
‘ COUNTING MOLES ON YOUR ARMS ’ Prediction of high naevus count in a healthy UK population to estimate melanoma risk

530 BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 219 NO. 11 DEC 11 2015 THE IMPACT Childhood dental injuries: a resiliency model of adaptation Porritt JM, Rodd HD et al. Int J Paediatr Dent 2015; 25: 267–281 Parental concerns about their child’s dental injury, obviously should also be met. How do children feel about their dental injury and what do their parents think? In this study, children who suffered trauma to their permanent teeth completed several questionnaires exploring, among other issues, health-related quality of life and coping styles. These were answered at baseline and 6 months after trauma. Parents were also invited to complete a questionnaire that explored ‘previous stressors/strains on the family, social support, healthcare satisfaction, and family impacts’. This study recruited 108 children and 113 parents. Less than half the participants completed the study. The findings were not surprising. As shown by other studies, females experienced more negative outcomes after dental trauma compared with males. In addition, coping style, social support, and family functioning significantly predicted the child’s oral health-related quality of life. If parents were comfortable with the treatment that their child had received, they were satisfied. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj. 2015.916 ‘COUNTING MOLES ON YOUR ARMS’ Prediction of high naevus count in a healthy UK population to estimate melanoma risk Ribero S, Zugna D et al. Br J Dermatol 2015 doi: 10.1111/bjd.14216. Not only do dentists have a pivotal role in screening for intra-oral cancer, but also for facial skin perturbations. Of note ‘. the incidence of all forms of facial skin cancers is at least 20 times that of oral squamous cell carcinoma’. (Fac Dent J 2012; 3: 158–165). The ‘ugly duckling mole’ (appearance different from other moles) must raise suspicion of melanoma. But application of, and meeting the ABCDE rule (asymmetry, border irregularity, colour variegation, diameter >6 mm, elevation/enlarging), makes a compelling reason for referral. When considering screening for melanoma, most valid is a total body naevus (mole) count; more than 100 naevi being a ‘strong predictor of risk of melanoma’. But counting the number of moles over the whole body is time-consuming. This study recruited 3,694 female twins and a control group (n = 415). Women with more than 11 moles on the right arm (when compared with 16 other body sites) were approximately nine times more likely to have more than 100 naevi (OR = 9.38). The right arm was the best marker. There was also a highly significant association between face naevi and total body naevus count. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj. 2015.915 OTHER JOURNALS IN BRIEF A selection of abstracts of clinically relevant papers from other journals. The abstracts on this page have been chosen and edited by John R. Radford.