Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyzing chaotic effect of reinforced concrete pile driving in cohesive soil

This paper presents the chaos phenomenon in pile driving. Firstly, the pile wave equation that Smith put forward is used for painting Poincare section, and then the basic features of chaos are obtained. By analyzing the Poincare section, a point with which the ratio of penetration to velocity is the largest is discovered, and that is to say energy consumption is the lowest at this point. Moreover, the relationship between hammer weight and dropping height is proved to satisfy the construction experience of light blow with heavy hammer through curve fitting. So according to the theory, the value of impact force and initial value can change to get the hammer weight and dropping height for different square and circular piles under the lowest energy consumption. The results show it is better to use square piles during driving, and the relationships between square and circular piles with different cross-sections and its impact force on pile top, hammer weight and dropping height satisfy a certain function equation, respectively. Hence, the corresponding hammer weight and dropping height can be selected to save energy consumption and reduce the cost during construction according to their functional relation.
An ERP Selection Combination Model under Uncertainty: A Grey-BSCAHP-Entropy Model

An enterprise resource planning (ERP) software can help organizations and firms in their activities like: production planning, purchase, human resource, finance, sales, inventory control and etc. Selection of an ERP is mentioned as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. However, several MCDM-models are proposed to solve this, but many of them didn't consider uncertainty as an effective environmental factor. In this paper, a new model has designed which used three-parameter interval grey numbers concept that is derived from Grey-theory. These numbers can help for reducing the uncertainty of data. Besides, a combination model for weighting has planned by implementing AHP and Entropy methods that are used in order to reduce uncertainty. And last, a decision making method (Three-parameter grey interval incidence degree method) is used for ranking process. There is a case study at the end of this paper that shows how this model works.
The Economic Value of Saltwater Angling in Virginia

This report provides results of an economic valua tion study of saltwater recreational angling in Virginia. part of a two-tiered study. The first tier determined the economic impacts of saltwater angling; those results presented in Kirkley and Kerstetter ( 1997) "Saltwater Angling and Its Economic Impor tance to Virginia. " This report presents the results of tbe second part of the two-tiered study---determination of the economic value or net benefits of saltwater angling in Virginia.
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of graphene optimized by pressure

Fast growth of graphene on non-catalytic substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) usually results in poor crystalline quality and sometimes is accompanied by the formation of amorphous carbon. In this study, we slow down the graphene growth on quartz substrates by elevating pressure in a PECVD setup. The lower growth rate is caused by slower diffusion of gaseous species in the plasma to the substrate surface at higher pressure. The slower growth at high-temperature is crucial for larger critical nucleus size, higher nucleation barrier, and better electrical properties. Better graphene quality under higher pressure growth is verified by Raman spectroscopy. A hole mobility up to 89.6 cm2·V−1·s−1 is acquired with a growth rate of 1.34 nm h−1 at 950 °C, 1.2 Torr.
Workshop on quantum stochastic differential equations for the quantum simulation of physical systems

Abstract : This is a report on the Workshop on quantum stochastic differential equations for the quantum simulation of physical systems held at theAdelphi Laboratory Center, Adelphi, MD, on Monday, August 22, 2016. It attracted mathematicians, computer scientists, logicians, andphysicists (both theorists and experimentalists) who discussed their research and participated in stimulating discussions on how to applymathematical tools to the quantum simulation of physical systems of interest to the Army. There were participants from US Governmentagencies, industry, and academia. The Workshop was financially supported by ARO via a grant to the University of Tennessee. The web sitefor the Workshop is http://aesop.phys.utk.edu/QI/Workshop.html.
Falsification of Java Assertions Using Automatic Test-Case Generators

—We present a technique for the static generation of test-cases falsifying Java assertions. Our framework receives as input a Java program including assertions and instruments the code in order to detect whether the assertion conditions are met by every direct and indirect method call within a certain depth level. Then, any automated test-case generator can be used to look for input examples that falsify the conditions. The transformation ensures that the value obtained for the test-case inputs represents a path of method calls that ends with a violation of some assertion. Our technique deals with Java features such as object encapsulation and inheritance, and can be seen has a compromise between the usual but too late detection of an assertion violation at runtime and an often too expensive complete analysis based on a model checker.
Evaluation of an enhanced ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel synthesized using safflower oil in a diesel power generator

Abstract Given the energy crisis, fossil fuel reserves crisis, climate mitigation, and energy efficiency increase, scientists have embarked on producing alternative fuels such as the biodiesel. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of biodiesel production from safflower oil using the ultrasonic system, and to evaluate the produced fuel using a diesel power generator. In this study, the effects of alcohol-to-oil molar ratio, ultrasound power (W), catalyst concentration (w/w %), and the reaction time (min) on methyl ester yield were investigated. By increasing the molar ratio to a point between the ratios 4:1 and 6:1, the conversion rate first increases 11.42%, and then it remains unchanged from the point 6 to 8. As the ultrasonic power increases, the rate of conversion increases incrementally. The optimization was obtained at 7.02 molar ratio, 160 W ultrasound power, 0.95 (w/w%) catalyst concentration, and 8.47 min reaction time. The results showed that the brake torque and broke power increased when the amount of biodiesel in fuel increased from B0 to B50. The results showed that CO emissions decreased and NOx increased when there was an increase of amount of biodiesel.
Estimating carrying capacity with simultaneous nutritional constraints.

A new procedure is presented for estimating carrying capacity (the number of animals of a given species that can be supported per unit area of habitat) on the basis of two simultaneous nutritional constraints. It requires specifying the quantity (biomass) and quality (chemical composition or digestibility) of available food and the nutritional requirements of the animal species. Its application is illustrated with an example involving black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in four forest habitats during summer and winter with three sets of snow conditions and two levels of metabolic requirements for digestible energy and digestible protein. Results illustrate the fundamental importance of habitat, season, and nutritional status in determining the capability of a landscape to support animals.
Data Deduplication and Load Balancing Techniques on Cloud Systems

: Cloud storage systems are able to provide low-cost and convenient network storage service for users, which makes them more and more popular. However, the storage pressure on cloud storage system caused by the explosive growth of data is growing by the day, especially a vast amount of data waste plenty of storage space. Data deduplication can effectively reduce the size of data by eliminating redundant data in storage systems. However, current researches on data deduplication, which mainly focus on the static scenes such as the backup and archive systems, are not suitable for cloud storage system due to the dynamic nature of data. In this paper, we propose the architecture of deduplication system for cloud storage environment and give the process of avoiding duplication at the file-level and chunk-level on the client side. In the storage nodes (Snodes), DelayDedupe, a delayed target deduplication scheme based on the chunk-level deduplication and the access frequency of chunks, are proposed to reduce the response time. Combined with replica management, this method determines whether new duplicated chunks for data modification are hot and removes the hot duplicated chucks when they aren‟t hot. The experiment results demonstrate that the DelayDedupe mechanism can effectively reduce the response time and achieve the storage load of Snodes more balanced.
Superposition of Gobi Dust and Southeast Asian Biomass Burning: The Effect of Multisource Long‐Range Transport on Aerosol Optical Properties and Regional Meteorology Modification

One unique long‐range transport event with multiple layers of aerosol plumes was observed over Taiwan during 29–31 March 2006. A synergy of ground‐based observation, remote sensing, and backward trajectory simulation collectively indicated the high‐altitude (above 3 km) plume originated from biomass burning in Southeast Asia while the midaltitude (around 0.8–2 km) plume was attributed to dust from the Gobi Desert. Aerosol optical properties measured at a low‐altitude site were characterized of abundant coarse mode particles and increased single scattering albedo as a function of increased wavelength, indicating the influence from dust particles. While at a high mountain site (elevation of ~3 km), aerosol optical depth was elevated by a factor of 3–4 compared to its background value and mainly comprised of fine particles. It was diagnosed that the high‐altitude aerosols were influenced by the transported smoke plumes but exempted from dust. Simulation of the meteorological conditions against a Taiwan‐wide meteorology network showed strong near surface temperature rise of more than 2° during this long‐range transport event as well as for the vertical temperature profiles. Both dust and biomass burning aerosol plumes via long‐range transport contributed significantly to the atmospheric warming, resulting in strong instantaneous aerosol radiative forcing of 46.0 W/m2 in the atmosphere. A “double dome” warming effect mechanism was proposed that both biomass burning and dust plumes above the boundary layer could efficiently reserve the solar energy and heat the lower troposphere.
Interactive Duplicate Search in Software Documentation

Various software features such as classes, methods, requirements, and tests often have similar functionality. This can lead to emergence of duplicates in their descriptive documentation. Uncontrolled duplicates created via copy/paste hinder the process of documentation maintenance. Therefore, the task of duplicate detection in software documentation is of importance. Solving it makes planned reuse possible, as well as creating and using templates for unification and automatic generation of documentation. In this paper, we present an interactive process for duplicate detection that involves the user in order to conduct meaningful search. It includes a new formal definition of a near duplicate, a pattern-based, and the proof of its completeness. Moreover, we demonstrate the results of experimenting on a collection of documents of several industrial projects.
Anurans and reptiles of the Reserva Extrativista Beija-Flor Brilho de Fogo, Amapá State, eastern Amazon

We present a checklist for anurans and reptiles of the Reserva Extrativista Municipal Beija-Flor Brilho de Fogo, located in the southeastern part of the municipality of Pedra Branca do Amapari, Amapa State. Using the method of active visual and auditory search, we recorded 50 species: 25 anurans, 14 lizards, 10 snakes and one crocodilian. Comparisons between herpetofaunal composition of this study and other studied localities are provided. We also present the conservation status of the species recorded here. Our results will provide subsidies for the conservation and management plan of this conservation unit, as well as increase knowledge of the fauna of anurans and reptiles in the Eastern Amazon, especially in the Guiana Shield.
Divided Disk Cache and SSD FTL for Improving Performance in Storage

Although there are many efficient techniques to minimize the speed gap between processor and the memory, it remains a bottleneck for various commercial implementations. Since secondary memory technologies are much slower than main memory, it is challenging to match memory speed to the processor. Usually, hard disk drives include semiconductor caches to improve their performance. A hit in the disk cache eliminates the mechanical seek time and rotational latency. To further improve performance a divided disk cache, subdivided between metadata and data, has been proposed previously. We propose a new algorithm to apply the SSD that is flash memory-based solid state drive by applying FTL. First, this paper evaluates the performance of such a disk cache via simulations using DiskSim. Then, we perform an experiment to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Feasibilities of Using Energy–Efficient Glass Walls in Air Conditioned Buildings in Kuwait

This paper describes methods of improving glass walls thermal resistance in air conditioned buildings. It is investigated the effect of glass wall thermal resistance on the indoor temperature of different rooms in the air-conditioned of buildings. Design and construction of glass walls have significant effects on building comfort and energy consumption. The effect of solar radiation on air conditioned building thermal load estimation is very high due to glass solar radiation and conductivity. The solar radiation heat gain through building based on the shape and glass specifications. The glass walls thermal resistance of wall is increased when using clear surface, low thickness, and large area. So, the surface area direction and specifications of glass walls; as one of envelope which has an important factor. Heat gains through various types of glass walls were studied. Optimization and testing of different types of glass strips or layers were carried out theoretically and experimentally as well. A series of experiments on different types of glass with special strips were performed. Different techniques of glass film covering were tested experimentally with simulator of building. The results show that glass type K70 or K80 can be used to decrease the heat loss from air conditioned building more than 40% in very hot days.
Phosphorus and Nitrogen Adsorption Capacities of Biochars Derived from Feedstocks at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures

This study investigates the P and NO3− adsorption capacities of different biochars made from plant waste including rice straw (RSB), Phragmites communis (PCB), sawdust (SDB), and egg shell (ESB) exposed to a range of pyrolysis temperatures (300, 500 and 700 °C). Results indicate that the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the physiochemical properties of biochar varied with feedstock material. Biochars derived from plant waste had limited adsorption or even released P and NO3−, but adsorption of P capacity could be improved by adjusting pyrolysis temperature. The maximum adsorption of P on RSB700, PCB300, and SDB300, produced at pyrolysis temperature of 700, 300 and 300 °C, was 5.41, 7.75 and 3.86 mg g−1, respectively. ESB can absorb both P and NO3−, and its adsorption capacity increased with an increase in pyrolysis temperature. The maximum NO3− and P adsorption for ESB700 was 1.43 and 6.08 mg g−1, respectively. The less negative charge and higher surface area of ESB enabled higher NO3− and P adsorption capacity. The P adsorption process on RSB, PCB, SDB and ESB, and the NO3− adsorption process on ESB were endothermic reactions. However, the NO3− adsorption process on RSB, PCB and SDB was exothermic. The study demonstrates that the use of egg shell biochar may be an effective way to remove, through adsorption, P and NO3− from wastewater.
Risk-based modelling of simultaneous reconfiguration of power distribution networks and allocation of distributed generations

ABSTRACT In this paper, stochastic modelling for optimally siting and sizing of distributed generations (DGs) and network reconfiguration are done simultaneously. Uncertainties of load forecasting and market price are well incorporated into the problem. The main goal of distribution company is to provide high reliability power with the lowest possible costs. So the proposed cost function includes DG units’ installation and operation cost, cost of purchased energy from transmission network, active and reactive power losses cost, reconfiguration cost and line upgrade cost. Besides, risk-based modelling of energy not supplied as an efficient reliability index is incorporated into the cost function in order to improve network reliability. Voltage limitation and thermal limit of feeders are implemented by fuzzy set theory. The Teaching–learning-based optimisation algorithm is used as a powerful tool in order to solve the problem. To validate the effectiveness of the suggested method, simulations are taken and the results are compared with respect to the initial configuration.
Exploiting Dissent: Towards Fuzzing-Based Differential Black-Box Testing of TLS Implementations

The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol is one of the most widely used security protocols on the internet. Yet do implementations of TLS keep on suffering from bugs and security vulnerabilities. In large part is this due to the protocol's complexity which makes implementing and testing TLS notoriously difficult. In this paper, we present our work on using differential testing as effective means to detect issues in black-box implementations of the TLS handshake protocol. We introduce a novel fuzzing algorithm for generating large and diverse corpuses of <italic>mostly-valid</italic> TLS handshake messages. Stimulating TLS servers when expecting a ClientHello message, we find messages generated with our algorithm to induce more response discrepancies and to achieve a higher code coverage than those generated with American Fuzzy Lop, <italic>TLS-Attacker</italic>, or <italic>NEZHA</italic>. In particular, we apply our approach to <italic>OpenSSL</italic>, <italic>BoringSSL</italic>, <italic>WolfSSL</italic>, <italic>mbedTLS</italic>, and <italic>MatrixSSL</italic>, and find several real implementation bugs; among them a serious vulnerability in <italic>MatrixSSL</italic> <italic>3.8. 4</italic>. Besides do our findings point to imprecision in the TLS specification. We see our approach as presented in this paper as the first step towards fully interactive differential testing of black-box TLS protocol implementations. Our software tools are publicly available as open source projects.
X-Ray Intraday Variability of the TeV Blazar Mrk 421 with Suzaku

We present X-ray flux and spectral analyses of the three pointed Suzaku observations of the TeV high synchrotron peak blazar Mrk 421 taken throughout its complete operational duration. The observation taken on 2008 May 5 is, at 364.6 ks (i.e., 101.3 hr), the longest and most evenly sampled continuous observation of this source, or any blazar, in the X-ray energy 0.8–60 keV until now. We found large amplitude intraday variability in all soft and hard bands in all the light curves. The discrete correction function analysis of the light curves in soft and hard bands peaks on zero lag, showing that the emission in hard and soft bands are cospatial and emitted from the same population of leptons. The hardness ratio plots imply that the source is more variable in the harder bands compared to the softer bands. The source is harder when brighter, following the general behavior of high synchrotron peak blazars. Power spectral densities of all three light curves are red noise dominated, with a range of power spectra slopes. If one assumes that the emission originates very close to the central super massive black hole, a crude estimate for its mass, of ∼4 × 108 M⊙, can be made; but if the variability is due to perturbations arising there that are advected into the jet and are thus Doppler boosted, substantially higher masses are consistent with the quickest seen variations. We briefly discuss the possible physical mechanisms most likely responsible for the observed flux and spectral variability.
Trajectory Space Factorization for Deep Video-Based 3D Human Pose Estimation

Existing deep learning approaches on 3d human pose estimation for videos are either based on Recurrent or Convolutional Neural Networks (RNNs or CNNs). However, RNN-based frameworks can only tackle sequences with limited frames because sequential models are sensitive to bad frames and tend to drift over long sequences. Although existing CNN-based temporal frameworks attempt to address the sensitivity and drift problems by concurrently processing all input frames in the sequence, the existing state-of-the-art CNN-based framework is limited to 3d pose estimation of a single frame from a sequential input. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based framework that utilizes matrix factorization for sequential 3d human poses estimation. Our approach processes all input frames concurrently to avoid the sensitivity and drift problems, and yet outputs the 3d pose estimates for every frame in the input sequence. More specifically, the 3d poses in all frames are represented as a motion matrix factorized into a trajectory bases matrix and a trajectory coefficient matrix. The trajectory bases matrix is precomputed from matrix factorization approaches such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) or Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and the problem of sequential 3d pose estimation is reduced to training a deep network to regress the trajectory coefficient matrix. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework on long sequences by achieving state-of-the-art performances on multiple benchmark datasets. Our source code is available at: this https URL.
The Stability of the AMOC During Heinrich Events Is Not Dependent on the AMOC Strength in an Intermediate Complexity Earth System Model Ensemble

Previous studies that used Earth system models of intermediate complexity showed that stronger background winds drove a more vigorous and stable Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), while those with weaker winds had a more sluggish and unstable AMOC. In other studies, ensembles under vertical mixing uncertainty showed the opposite effect, where the simulations with a stronger AMOC were more unstable. To tackle this conundrum, we produce a model ensemble featuring uncertainties related to wind forcing and vertical mixing to understand the role of feedbacks on the AMOC stability. We show that the stability of the AMOC is not influenced by vertical mixing and the AMOC strength, and rather, it is determined by the strength of the Northern Hemisphere winds. Paleoproxies indicate an AMOC shutdown during the last Heinrich Stadial. Our comparisons to sea surface temperature proxies show a better fit with the simulations under a stable AMOC, which corresponds to a forced off‐state. The sign of the AMOC‐driven freshwater transport in the South Atlantic, which is regarded as an index for its stability, is shown not to be an absolute measure, although its evolution agrees with the salt advection feedback.