Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circulating Metabolic Profile of High Producing Holstein Dairy Cows

Dolasimdaki belirli bilesenlerin laboratuar olcumleri ile metabolik profilin degerlendirilmesi, sut sigirlarinin metabolik durumunu belirlemede kullanilan bir aractir. Negatif dengeyi, metabolik hastaliklari ve besleme yetersizliklerini engellemek ve kontrol etmek icin veteriner hekimler enerji giris-cikis iliskisini metabolik profilin degerlendirilmesi ile yapabilirler. Bu calismada coklu doguma sahip 25 sutcu Holstayn inegi laktasyon baslangici, ortasi ve sonu ile uzak ve yakin kuru olmak uzere esit 5 gruba ayrilmistir. Kan ornekleri tum sigirlardan juguler venadan alinmis ve serumdan glukoz, insulin, β-hidroksibutirik asit (BHBA), eseterlesmemis yag asitleri (NEFA), kolesterol, trigliserit (TG), yuksek, dusuk ve daha dusuk yogunluktaki lipoproteinler (HDL, LDL ve VLDL). Laktasyonun ortasindaki ve yakin kuru donemdeki ineklerde insulin seviyeleri diger gruplardan cok daha yuksek (P<0,05) iken en dusuk insulin konsantrasyonu uzak kuru grubunda saptanmistir. Laktasyon baslangicinda ve ortasindaki ile yakin kurudaki ineklerde NEFA ve BHBA serum konsantrasyonlari gec laktasyondaki ve uzak kurudaki ineklere gore daha yuksektir (P<0,05). Orta ve gec laktasyonda taban kolesterol seviyeleri diger gruplara gore onemli duzeyde yuksektir. Orta laktasyondaki ineklerde LDL seviyesi digerlerine gore onemli duzeyde daha yuksektir ve uzak kurudaki ineklerde ise degeri onemli duzeyde daha dusuktur. Sonuc olarak farkli gruplar arasinda saptanan degisikliklerin yaygin nedeni her durumdaki negatif enerji dengesi, laktogenezis ve fotal buyume olabilir. Mevcut metabolik profil, farkli fizyolojik durumlardaki sut ineklerinde enerji dengesini belirlemek icin bir arac olabilir. Surunun metabolik durumunun degerlendirilmesi, metabolik ve uretim bozukluklarini yonetmede kullanilabilir.
Efficient Investigation and Differential Diagnosis of Childhood Onset Niemann-Pick Type C

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a fatal, neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disorder. It is rare with a broad phenotypic spectrum and variable age of onset. This complicates diagnosis, which is often delayed by several years after presentation of the first symptoms. It is a treatable condition if detected early, therefore reliable means of diagnosis are essential. Clinical diagnosis of NPC involves identifying characteristic neurological features, taking a detailed history of the patient’s details, and must be confirmed by biochemical and/or genetic testing. The key laboratory diagnostic test for NPC is filipin staining of cultured skin fibroblasts, which shows free cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes resulting from impaired intracellular cholesterol transport. Genetic testing for mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 genes is also important for confirmation of the diagnosis. However, there is an unmet need for cheaper diagnostic tests with greater specificity and sensitivity.
Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Thin Film Solar Cells

The solar energy as one of the new energy sources and a regenerated energy is abundant and pollution-free. Most photovoltaic devices (solar cells) sold in the market today are based on silicon wafers, the so-called "first generation" technology. The market at present is on the verge of switching to a "second generation" of thin film solar cell technology which offers prospects for a large reduction in material costs by eliminating the costs of the silicon wafers. Cadmium telluride (CdTe), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) are three thin film technologies which have achieved commercial production. This chapter gives the review of the CIGS solar cells regarding the heterostructures, materials, technology and research advances. It also states the key findings in our research and provides suggestions for future research.
A Survey on Application of Cloudsim Toolkitin Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a paradigm of large scale distributed computing which is a repackaging of various existing concepts/technologies such as utility computing, Grid computing, Autonomic computing, Virtualization and Internet technologies. Cloud computing use the Internet technologies for delivery of resources ‘as a service’ to users on demand. As it is a developing technology, various issues such as security, energy management, resource provisioning, reliability need to be addressed. The objective of the work is to study a simulation toolkit known as CloudSim and some of the research works done to address some of the above mentioned issues using this toolkit. Most of the studies in Cloud rely on simulation based experiments, since using real cloud infrastructures such as Amazon EC2, Google are cost and time consuming tasks and also large number of cloud resources is required to achieve realistic results which is impractical for many researchers.
Self-Medication Among Children Under 5 Years Living in Rural Area, Ferlo Senegal

In African rural area, self-treatment has its place in the devices of therapeutic choices. The aim of this study was to determine the extent and pattern of self-treatment among children living in Senegal rural area. A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the place of self-treatment in the stages of the therapeutic itinerary among children living in Senegal rural area in March 2017. Using Schwartz formula for sampling, we had included in this study 173 children aged 6 to 59 months living in the area of Widou Thiengoly. Mothers were interviewed on the therapeutic itinerary chosen in case of children disease. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were made. Most of children (82.3%) lived on more than 1 hour drive from health facility. For the first instance of therapeutic choice, most of mothers (61.2%) used self –medication in case of children disease, 35.3% of mothers used health facilities and 2.6% choosed traditional healers. For second instance, only 2.4% of mothers were used self-medication. For third instance, there was no self-treatment. Therapy organizing group were led by mothers at 56.5% and fathers in 45.6%. At 77.6% of cases, there were discussions to decide on the treatment of the child. In most cases, fathers were interviewed (90.9%) to give their opinion on the therapeutic choice. Fathers paid for children care in 87.6% of cases. 30.6% of mothers said that self-medication was cheaper compared to health facilities and traditional healers. 95.3% said that they believed that it was most efficiency to use a lot of type of therapeutic in same moment. Multilogistic regression found that living away from health facility (more than 30 minutes) was positively correlate with self-treatment p<0.01, ORaj=5.39 IC= [1.42-24.26]. This study contributes to the knowledge of self-treatment choices regarding children disease management in Senegal rural area. This study shows that geographical inaccessibility of health facilities impact on self-medication practices in rural area.
GROUP SIZE AND FORAGING EFFORT IN MANTLED HOWLERS AT LOS TUXTLAS , MEXICO : A PRELIMINARY TEST OF THE ECOLOGICAL-CONSTRAINTS MODEL

1 Depto. Biodiversidad y Ecología Animal, Instituto de Ecología A.C. Xalapa, México 2 Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México. 3 Laboratorio de Eco-fisiología, Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México. 4 Current address: Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (CIECo), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México. Email: victorarroyo_rodriguez@hotmail.com
In-plane silicon probes for simultaneous neural recording and drug delivery

This paper reports on the design, fabrication and characterization of silicon-based microprobes for simultaneous neural recording and drug delivery. The fabrication technology is based on two-stage deep reactive ion etching combined with silicon wafer bonding and grinding to realize channel structures integrated in needle-like probe shafts. Liquids can be supplied to microfluidic devices via in-plane and out-of-plane ports. The liquid is dispensed at circular out-of-plane ports with a diameter of 25 µm and rectangular in-plane ports with dimensions of 50 × 50 µm2. Two-shaft probes with a pitch between shafts of 1.0 and 1.5 mm were realized. The probe shafts have a length of 8 mm and rectangular cross-sections of w × h (w = 250 µm and h = 200 or 250 µm). Each shaft contains one or two fluidic channels with a cross-section of 50 × 50 µm2. In addition, each probe shaft comprises four recording sites with diameters of 20 µm close to the outlet ports. Mechanical and fluidic characterization demonstrated the functionality of the probes. Typical infusion rates of 1.5 µL min−1 are achieved at a differential pressure of 1 kPa. The Pt-gray electrodes have an average electrode impedance of 260 ± 59 kΩ at 1 kHz.
DAILY AND SEASONAL MOVEMENTS AND HABITAT USE BY FEMALE ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK AND MULE DEER

Abstract We examined movements and habitat use by female Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using a large telemetry data set collected over 6 years at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon. The analysis contrasted hourly movements of elk and deer within the mosaic of vegetation and landforms at Starkey with daily and seasonal demands for forage, security, and other resources. Telemetry data from 15 April to 14 November, 1991–1996, were stratified into 30-day intervals and tested for daily cycles relative to habitat use and movements. Both elk and deer exhibited strong daily and seasonal patterns of movements and habitat use. Daily cycles were most pronounced during spring and autumn, were composed of crepuscular and intraday habitat transitions, and were more pronounced for elk than for deer. Although crepuscular transitions were accompanied by sharp increases in velocity, intraday changes in habitat were not. The results add considerable detail to previous studies that sampled only limited hours of the day and seasons of the year. The findings have significance for modeling efforts that attempt to replicate animal behavior on diverse landscapes.
A review of the subgenus Polyrhachis (Campomyrma) Wheeler from Borneo with descriptions of new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae)

Five species of the subgenus Campomyrma Wheeler, 1911 of the genus Polyrhachis Fr. Smith, 1857 are recorded from Borneo, including P. equina Fr. Smith, 1857 and P. gribodoi Emery, 1887 and three species, P. hashimotoi, P. reidi and P. sukarmani, described as new. Polyrhachis equina and P. gribodoi are placed within the newly erected equina species-group. Polyrhachis hashimotoi is placed within the newly erected xiphias species-group together with P. xiphias Fr. Smith, 1863 from New Guinea and P. shixingensis Wu & Wang, 1995 from China and Vietnam. A key to the workers of Bornean Campomyrma is provided and all species are illustrated.
Detecting and Reducing Biases in Cellular-Based Mobility Data Sets

Correctly estimating the features characterizing human mobility from mobile phone traces is a key factor to improve the performance of mobile networks, as well as for mobility model design and urban planning. Most related works found their conclusions on location data based on the cells where each user sends or receives calls or messages, data known as Call Detail Records (CDRs). In this work, we test if such data sets provide enough detail on users’ movements so as to accurately estimate some of the most studied mobility features. We perform the analysis using two different data sets, comparing CDRs with respect to an alternative data collection approach. Furthermore, we propose three filtering techniques to reduce the biases detected in the fraction of visits per cell, entropy and entropy rate distributions, and predictability. The analysis highlights the need for contextualizing mobility results with respect to the data used, since the conclusions are biased by the mobile phone traces collection approach.
Cancer Stem Cells in the Personalized Therapy of Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND: Treatment failure in primary as well as metastatic cancer patients, caused by chemo and radio resistance, has truncated the research for the applicability of personalized medicine. The use of stem cells and cancer stem cells in such a treatment approach will be reviewed in this study. RESULTS: CRC stem cells prove to be a promising asset for CRC treatment optimization both by serving as biomarkers for the current therapy modalities by means of treatment personalization and patient/tumor stratification, as well as in the development of targeted therapies, selective for the stem cell population. Similar conclusions are drawn, regarding mesenchymal stromal cells and their effect in CRC therapy; while resident stromal cells of tumor microenvironment seem to promote the tumorigenic and metastatic processes in addition to conferring to the chemo- and radio resistance, under certain conditions they are able to improve the treatment outcome of CRC chemotherapy, e.g. by targeted enzyme/prodrug treatment of CRC cells. CONCLUSION: This review, truncates the dynamic potential of cancer stem cells and other stem cell types in CRC treatment personalization as well as, in the improvement of current treatment approaches opting to a higher therapeutic rate, improved prognosis, survival and quality of life for CRC patients.
Effect of Some Morphometric Characteristics on Egg Quality in Common Dentex, Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)

In this study, egg quality determination of common dentex (Dentex dentex) was investigated by using egg, yolk and oil globule diameter, from the first division to the hatching during natural and photoperiodic manipulation of spawning time. In the viable, floating eggs, the minimal and maximal diameter of the egg, yolk and oil globule were measured. Based on these measurements several parameters were calculated describing the shape of the egg, yolk and oil globule and the size relationship between these compartments. Hatching rate was calculated as 92% in natural spawning time (NST) and 64% photoperiodic manipulation of spawning time (PMST). Also, average egg diameter was measured as 0.949±0.038 mm in NST and 0.911±0.014 mm in PMST. In NST, egg diameter and yolk diameter of the eggs were significantly bigger than eggs in PMST (P<0.05). The morphometric parameters of oil globule could be accepted as an indicator for description of quality criteria of eggs.
Resource Partitioning between Sympatric Columbian White-Tailed and Black-Tailed Deer in Western Oregon

ABSTRACT We studied resource partitioning between sympatric populations of Columbian white-tailed (CWTD; Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) and black-tailed (BWTD) deer (O. odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in western Oregon to understand potential mechanisms of coexistence. We used horseback transects to describe spatial distributions, population overlap, and habitat use for both species, and we studied diets with microhistological analysis of fecal samples. Distribution patterns indicated that white-tailed and black-tailed deer maintained spatial separation during most seasons with spatial overlap ranging from 5%–40% seasonally. Coefficients of species association were negative, suggesting a pattern of mutual avoidance. White-tailed deer were more concentrated in the southern portions of the study area, which was characterized by lower elevations, more gradual slopes, and close proximity to streams. Black-tailed deer were more wide ranging and tended to occur in the northern portions of the study area, which had higher elevations and greater topographical variation. Habitat use of different vegetative assemblages was similar between white-tailed and black-tailed deer with overlap ranging from 89%–96% seasonally. White-tailed deer used nearly all habitats available on the study area except those associated with conifers. White-tailed deer used oak-hardwood savanna shrub, open grassland, oak-hardwood savanna, and riparian habitats the most. Black-tailed deer exhibited high use for open grassland and oak-hardwood savanna shrub habitats and lower use of all others. The 2 subspecies also exhibited strong seasonal similarities in diets with overlap ranging from 89% to 95%. White-tailed deer diets were dominated by forbs, shrubs, grasses, and other food sources (e.g., nuts and lichens). Columbian black-tailed deer diets were dominated mostly by forbs and other food sources. Seasonal diet diversity followed similar patterns for both species with the most diverse diets occurring in fall and the least diverse diets in spring. High overlap in habitat use and diets resulted in high trophic overlap (81–85%) between white-tailed and black-tailed deer; however, the low spatial overlap reduced the potential for exploitative competition but may have been indicative of inference competition between the species. Diverse habitat and forage opportunities were available on the study area due to heterogeneous landscape characteristics, which allowed ecological separation between white-tailed and black-tailed deer despite similarities in diets and habitat use. We make several recommendations for management of CWTD, a previously threatened species, based on the results of our study.
LIPOPHILIC YEASTLIKE ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH

Tinea versicolor is a common, usually mild disease of the superficial layers of the skin, readily diagnosed by the finding of characteristic fungoid elements in scrapings from the lesions (Fig. 1). Culture of the causative agent has not been accomplished with certainty and, although it is not a diagnostic necessity, its isolation would be desirable in order to determine more precisely the taxonomic relationships and physiological properties of the fungus and to establish unequivocally its role in the disease process. In a series of attempts to culture the agent involved, the results of which are reported herein, there have been isolated at least three lipophilic yeastlike organisms, one of which is considered a new
Brodie-Bite-Syndrom – Fallbericht inklusive Nachuntersuchung 23 Jahre nach Behandlung

Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung dieses Patienten mit Angle Klasse II/2, totaler Nonokklusion und Extraktion aller zweiten Molaren 7±7 erfolgte mittels Edgewise-Apparatur mit 0.022×0.028 inch Slot. Von größter Bedeutung war die Kontrolle der vertikalen Dimension. Zudem waren Funktion, Stabilität, faziale Balance und Harmonie ein ultimatives Ziel der Behandlung.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF Azadirachta indica A. JUSS (NEEM) THROUGH CUTTINGS: A REVIEW

PROPAGACAO VEGETATIVA DO NIM INDIANO ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss) POR MEIO DE ESTACAS: UMA REVISAO Azadirachta indica A. Juss (nim indiano) e uma importante especie florestal que apresenta multiplos usos. Hoje, o nim esta recebendo o reconhecimento mundial por sua grande variedade de compostos bioativos. Considera uma heranca biologica significativa, tambem e reconhecida como um dos presentes da natureza para a humanidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisao da literatura sobre os principais metodos cientificos utilizados para se obter clones de Azadirachta indica por meio de propagacao vegetativa, avaliado perspectivas atuais e as tendencias futuras para a aplicacao de novas tecnicas de clonagem para a producao em grande escala. A literatura descreve metodos de tratamento (mergulhia), tipos de regulador de crescimento (IBA, NAA e IAA), tipos de estacas (madeira dura, madeira semiduro, madeira macia, folhas e mini estacas) e enraizamento (areia, solo, vermiculita e areia + solo + FYM) durante diferentes epocas (estacao chuvosa, inverno e verao). A divulgacao de tais tecnicas podem minimizar os custos, encurtar as etapas de producao e, consequentemente, reduzir o tempo de cultivo em laboratorio. Palavras-chave: Azadirachta indica , propagacao vegetativa, estacas, auxina. ABSTRACT Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) is one of the important multipurpose tree species. Today, neem is receiving worldwide recognition for its variety of bioactive principle components. Neem, being an important part of our biological heritage and is also recognised as one of nature’s gift to mankind. This review aims to perform a literature review of the main scientific methods used to obtain clones of Azadirachta indica , such as the processes of vegetative (macro) propagation and present perspectives and future trends for the application of new cloning techniques aiming for large scale for plant production. The literature describes methods (dip treatment), types of plant growth regulator (IBA, NAA & IAA), types of stem cuttings (hard wood, semi hard wood, soft wood, leafy & mini cuttings) and planted in rooting media (sand, soil, vermiculite & sand+soil+FYM) during different season (monsoon, winter & summer). The improvement aiming the disseminating such techniques can minimize costs, shorten production stages and consequently, reduce the cultivation time in the laboratory. Keywords: Azadirachta indica , vegetative propagation, cuttings, auxin. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.14583/2318-7670.v02n04a10
Approaches to Well-Being, Use of Psychology and Paternalism in Economics

Abstract This paper discusses three approaches in economics which take a position on the definition of well-being and which use insights from psychology to support their positions: Scitovsky’s Joyless Economy, happiness economics, and the constitutional approach to happiness in economics. The paper shows first that the definition of well-being by each approach, which is a normative step, is revealed by the choice of a psychological theory or method rather than resulting from the application of a theory or method. Secondly, this paper demonstrates that personal judgement by the authors is often needed in the positive realm, in order to interpret psychological results and to then translate them into practical recommendations. Both of these issues have implications for those theories that define well-being as something other than the fulfillment of individual preferences whatever their content, and which therefore yield a potential justification for paternalism. This paper argues that the potential paternalistic implications of these approaches are not based on positive science only, but rely on normative choice and personal judgement.
Air‐mass origin in the tropical lower stratosphere: The influence of Asian boundary layer air

A climatology of air‐mass origin in the tropical lower stratosphere is presented for the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model. During late boreal summer and fall, air‐mass fractions reveal that as much as 20% of the air in the tropical lower stratosphere last contacted the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over Asia; by comparison, the air‐mass fractions corresponding to last PBL contact over North America and over Europe are negligible. Asian air reaches the extratropical tropopause within a few days of leaving the boundary layer and is quasi‐horizontally transported into the tropical lower stratosphere, where it persists until January. The rapid injection of Asian air into the lower stratosphere—and its persistence in the deep tropics through late (boreal) winter—is important as industrial emissions over East Asia continue to increase. Hence, the Asian monsoon may play an increasingly important role in shaping stratospheric composition.