Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS EKONOMI USAHA TERNAK BABI DENGAN PEMBERIAN SEKAM PADI DALAM RANSUM YANG MENGANDUNG LIMBAH HOTEL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan sekam padi sebagai sumber serat dalam ransum yang mengandung limbah hotel terhadap analisis ekonomi usaha ternak babi. Dua puluh empat ekor babi persilangan Landrace x Yorkshire jantan kastrasi, dengan umur 2 bulan dan berat badan 26,15±0,73 kg dibagi dalam empat perlakuan ransum, yaitu tanpa sekam padi (R0), 10% sekam padi (R1), 20% sekam padi (R2), dan 30% sekam padi (R3), masing-masing terdiri atas enam ekor ternak babi. Penelitian menggunakan kandang individu berukuran panjang 1,9 m dan lebar 0,5 m. Pakan diberikan secara ad libitum. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola searah. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan one-way ANOVA. Apabila terdapat perbedaan, analisis dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total biaya konsumsi, biaya konsumsi ransum harian, biaya ransum per kilogram kenaikan berat badan dan total biaya produksi ternak babi perlakuan R3 masing-masing adalah 297.021±3.916 rupiah/ekor, 4.243±55 rupiah/ekor/hari, 5.132±314 rupiah/kg dan 627.021±3.916 rupiah/ekor, dan ini lebih rendah (P<0,05) daripada perlakuan R0 dan R1 yang masing-masing adalah 406.908±14.529 dan 400.480±17.819 rupiah/ekor untuk total biaya konsumsi, 5.812±207 dan 5.721±254 rupiah/ekor/hari untuk biaya konsumsi ransum harian, 6.314±433 dan 5.822±119 rupiah/kg untuk biaya ransum per kilogram kenaikan berat badan serta 736.908±14.529 dan 730.480±17.819 rupiah/ekor untuk total biaya produksi. Total pendapatan pada perlakuan R1yaitu 963.666±54.701 rupiah/ekor, lebih tinggi (P<0,05) daripada perlakuan R2 dan R3 yang masing-masing hanya 837.666±79.894 dan 813.166±59.465 rupiah/ekor. Keuntungan usaha, income over feed cost dan B/C rasio usaha ternak babi diantara keempat perlakuan berbeda tidak nyata. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan sekam padi pada level 10% dalam ransum yang mengandunglimbah hotel lebih menguntungkan.
Extraction of chlorophylls a and b from phytoplankton using standard extraction techniques

SUMMARY. Pigments extracted in methanol, acetone and ethanol from three cultures of green algae and one blue-green alga revealed different extraction efficiencies depending on the species, the extraction solvent used and the extraction time. Chromatographic identification and quantitative measurements of chlorophylls a and b were made from six green algae. When extraction of pigments was incomplete, chlorophyll-b was extracted faster than chlorophyll-a. This effect was more pronounced for acetone extractions, whereas methanol extractions gave the stable ratios of chlorophyll b/a after about 6–10 h. When green algae are frequent, a 6–10 h methanol extraction, without any extra manipulations, is sufficient to ensure reliable ratios of chlorophyll b/a and extraction of the major proportion of the chlorophylls without risk of induced destruction of the chlorophylls.
Changes in wood and foliar δ13C in sugar maple at Gatineau Park, Quebec, Canada

Leaf samples and tree rings formed between the mid‐1960s and mid‐1990s from sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) at Gatineau Park (45°30′ N, 75°54′ W), Quebec were analysed for δ13C. Leaf samples were collected at ground level (1–2 m above ground) at monthly intervals during the summer, whereas tree cores were extracted from the largest trees (d.b.h. > 30 cm) in the young deciduous forest in August 1998. Significant linear decreases in δ13C over time were found in foliage and tree rings, but the decrease in δ13C was significantly greater in foliage than in the wood. The apparent isotopic discrimination (Δ) of tree rings varied insignificantly around a mean of 18‰, whereas foliar Δ increased significantly from 19‰ in the 1960s to around 23‰ by the mid 1990s, likely as a result of an increasing canopy effect as the forest matured. Using models of carbon discrimination and Δ‐values of the tree rings, we calculate that the intrinsic water use efficiency of mature sugar maple has increased by approximately 4% over the study period.
Carbon and Nitrogen in Particle Size Fractions Isolated from Danish Arable Soils by Ultrasonic Dispersion and Gravity-Sedimentation

Abstract Five surface soils (0–20 cm) with different amounts of fine particles were separated into clay–, silt– and three sand–size fractions using ultrasonic dispersion and sedimentation in water. The conditions for achieving an adequate fractionation were examined as previous studies showed substantial differences in methodology. Size fractions were analyzed for C and N. Adequate dispersions of the soils were obtained when more than 1600 joules were dissipated per ml of soil suspension (soil/water ratio, 1/5). Recovery of soil solids ranged from 97.8 to 98.8%. The particle size distributions obtained by the method described agreed with those of a standard method of soil particle size analysis. Compared with whole soil contents, the clay and silt fractions were enriched in C and N whereas the sand fractions all were depleted. The organic matter enrichment of the clay and silt fraction decreased with increasing fraction dry weight. The C enrichment factor ranged from 3.3 to 16.4 for the clay fraction and .
Bran Particle Size Influence on Pasta Microstructure, Water Distribution, and Sensory Properties

Whole wheat pasta offers improved nutritional value compared with regular pasta but lacks appeal to many consumers owing to its negative organoleptic properties, such as texture and taste. Various approaches have been studied to improve these properties in whole wheat products. Optimizing bran particle size showed its potential in noodles, but studies of its effects in pasta are scarce. Therefore, we produced spaghetti enriched with bran fractions similar in chemical composition but with varying median particle sizes of 90, 160, 370, and 440 µm. The effect of bran particles and their median size on dried and cooked pasta was studied by light microscopy and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. In general, bran particle size did not influence the macrostructure in cooked spaghetti. However, larger bran particles created a more heterogeneous microstructure in contrast to smaller particles and affected starch granule swelling. Sensory analysis indicated a preference for pasta containing smaller parti.
Analysis of targeted CYCD7;1 expression in seed development

D-type cyclins in plants are represented by seven conserved subgroups and play a major role in controlling cell division. Relatively little is understood of their role during seed development, although their expression pattern has been characterized and ectopic expression of CYCD3;1 has previously been shown to disrupt normal embryo development. Here the consequences of ectopic expression of CYCD7;1 using the early endosperm-specific promoter FWA in developing Arabidopsis seeds were investigated. Ectopic CYCD7;1 expression in the maternal central cell prior to fertilization, and in the endosperm from fertilization until cellularization resulted in seeds up to 45% larger. Seed enlargement was accompanied seed lethality, shown to be due to a defect of development during early and mid stages of seed development. As expected from the maternal specific expression of the imprinted FWA promoter, seed size and lethality was dependent on maternal origin of the transgene. Larger seed size was correlated to mature embryo and seed coat outgrowth, and was due to cell proliferation rather than cell elongation. In particular, embryo development was accelerated during the early stages, suggesting these may be dependent on cell division rate, whereas later stages progressed at the same rate as WT seeds. Seed-targeted CYCD7;1 expression phenocopies (1) the nucleus proliferation in the endosperm prior to fertilization observed in rbr and fis-class mutants and (2) the seed enlargement observed in paternal genome excess interploidy crosses. These suggest that CYCD7;1 may act through the RBR pathway to promote cell proliferation and modify imprinting in the endosperm, thereby influencing the parental genome balance. Mechanistically, CYCD7;1 did not interact directly with CDKA;1 but the interaction was promoted in presence of the inhibitor of CDK, ICK1/KRP1 or ICK2/KRP2 in a yeast-three-hybrid assay. However, loss of either KRP1 or KRP2 in respective mutant backgrounds did not prevent the seed enlargement phenotype.
Food Choice of Largemouth Bass as a Function of Availability and Vulnerability of Food Items

Abstract Under experimental conditions largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) used golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) most heavily as food. Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) were used more heavily than green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). Green sunfish were chosen over bullheads (Ictalurus melas) and white crappies (Pomoxis annularis). Use of crayfish (Orconectes immunis) was variable, and in some cases they were not chosen at all. Natural-colored goldfish (Carassius auratus) were preferred over gold-colored ones. Green sunfish and bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) were eaten sparingly in comparison to golden shiners. The leopard frog tadpoles (Rana pipiens) were eaten commonly in one comparison with shiners but not at all in another trial. Small bullfrogs were utilized more intensively than shiners in one trial but not eaten in another trial. Utilization of small bullfrogs was variable when accompanied by crayfish; toads were not eaten when fed with leopard frogs. Food items thrown into the tank we.
Influence of male songs on female mating behavior in the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus (Orthoptera : Acrididae)

In males of the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus the relationship between song and mating success was investigated in three isolated field populations of individually marked animals within their natural habitat. In a population with muted males (forewings removed), females mated on average 1.7 days later than in a population with intact males. But approximately 14 days after the imaginal moult, roughly corresponding with the time of the first oviposition, 100% of females in both populations had mated. In a further test population, females with a choice between singing and mute males mated almost exclusively (16 from 17 observed copulations) with the intact, singing males. The chance encounter frequency of a male and female was equally high for all populations (on average one encounter every 1.2 h). Different encounter probabilities cannot therefore have caused either mating delay in the population with muted males or preferential selection of intact partners.
The fate of Mus domesticus demes after destruction of their habitats

To test our hypothesis that gene flow has the potential to prevent genetic isolation of crib populations separated by several kilometres, we caught and marked 137 house mice leaving six cribs being emptied of corn. In an attempt to recapture the mice, we set traps just after crib emptying and again, where feasible, 1–2 months later, in areas surrounding cribs (trap-nights/trap-area in hectares:cultivated fields, 3834/29.4; non-cultivated areas, 2238/4). Additional trapping was carried out near nine empty cribs and in eight cultivated fields (3304 trap-nights, 17.7 ha trap-area), each more than 120 m from cribs. After the six cribs were emptied, we recaptured 11% of the crib mice (distance from the crib:mean 81 m, range 0–570 m). In refuge habitats, away from cribs, a breeding population existed and three crib females bred there after emptying of cribs. In demonstrating long dispersal distances and breeding populations away from cribs, our data support the hypothesis that gene flow is potentially large enough to prevent genetic isolation of crib populations separated by expanses of cultivated and uncultivated terrain. The influence of decreased recruitment on gene migration is unclear. Potential predators on nestlings, such as Norway rats, deermice, shrews and voles, escaped from and were trapped outside cribs.
DETERMINACIÓN DE LA DEPENDENCIA MICORRIZAL DEL LULO

Se realizo un experimento de invernadero para determinar la dependencia micorrizal del lulo ( Solanum quitoense Lam.) hibrido “La selva”. Se utilizo un diseno experimental completamente al azar, los tratamientos tuvieron un arreglo factorial 3x2 con tres repeticiones; estos consistieron en la combinacion de tres niveles de fosforo (P) en la solucion del suelo (0,002, 0,02 y 0,2 mg L -1 ) con dos niveles de inoculacion del hongo micorrizal Glomus aggregatum (inoculado y no inoculado). Se emplearon como variables respuesta el contenido de P foliar en funcion del tiempo, la masa seca aerea y de raices, la colonizacion micorrizal, la dependencia micorrizal y la morfologia del sistema de raices al momento de la cosecha. Los resultados indican que esta especie puede ser clasificada como moderadamente dependiente de la asociacion micorrizal. La dependencia micorrizal fue mayor a 0,002 mg L -1 . Todas las plantas inoculadas con G. aggregatum exhibieron colonizacion micorrizal, mientras que ninguna de las plantas no inoculadas desarrollaron la asociacion micorrizal. La inoculacion modifico significativamente la longitud y area superficial del sistema de raices en las plantas de lulo en los niveles 0,002 y 0,02 mg L -1 .
PHOTOTROPISM OF THE Phycomyces SPORANGIOPHORE: A COMPARISON WITH HIGHER PLANTS

Abstract— The basic phenomena of Phycomyces phototropism are described and compared with those of Avena and Zea coleoptiles and the seedlings of Arabidopsis, Cucumis, Helianthus, Raphanus and Sesamum. Symmetric redistribution of growth rate during curvature, a feature characteristic of Phycomyces phototropism, can in some cases also be found in plants. Common features are: complex fiuence‐response curves, log‐linear fluence dependence of the phototropic latency, relatively slow bi‐exponential dark‐adaptation and fast light‐adaptation kinetics, action spectra indicating the ubiquitous flavin‐like photoreceptor(s) as well as other non‐flavin receptors, and spacial memory as indicated by phototropic reversal experiments. The problem how phototropic curvature is maintained continuously while the light‐growth response adapts, remains unexplained (“phototropism paradox”). For Phycomyces it is shown that some of the most basic information processes, which include contrast recognition, wavelength sensitivity and sensitivity recovery (sensor adaptation) are mediated by the photoreceptor systems.
Species Composition and Life Histories of Aquatic Insects in a Lowland Sonoran Desert Stream

Ninety-nine taxa of aquatic insects and a total 104 macroinvertebrate taxa were collected in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, from July 1977 to November 1979. The fauna is primarily composed of organisms restricted to the American Southwest, although many widespread Nearctic taxa are also present. Life histories of 17 taxa were examined with emphasis on total developmental time (egg to adult), reproductive period and dormancy. Ephemeroptera, small Diptera and the corixid Graptocorixa serrulata developed rapidly (1-3 weeks) and reproduced continuously. Aquatic beetles (Dytiscidae and Hydrophilidae) developed in 4-8 weeks and reproduced only in spring and after summer rains. Two Trichoptera species required 6-7 weeks for development and reproduced continuously. Degree-day developmental rates (ca. 1200) were similar for some desert and temperate species. Dormant stages were restricted to stoneflies (egg diapause) and tabanids (larval diapause). Drought and flooding markedly influenced life histories. Adaptations to drought are habitat selection by ovipositing adults and rapid development. Adaptations to floods are behavioral avoidance, rapid development and seasonal reproduction. Floods also contribute to the rarity of dormancy, thus aerial adults become the life stage resistant to disturbance. Floods, which do not occur in temporary lentic systems, are an important selective pressure in temporary lotic systems.
Knowledge management as a component of it project risk management

8. Петкова Л. О. Інтеграція України до світового фінансового простору в міжнародних співставленнях та макроекономічній динаміці / Л. О. Петкова // Фінансовий простір. — 2013. — No 1 (9). — С. 15-22. 9. Шпенюк О. Є. Вплив фінансової глобалізації на розвиток національної економіки / О. Є. Шпенюк // Економіка і прогнозування. — 2014. — No 1. — С. 145-159. 10. 2013 KOF Index of Globalization [Електронний ресурс]. — Режим доступу :
Primary Lung Cancer Presenting as Metastasis to Olecranon process

A 50-year-old male presented with 4-week history of painful swelling of left elbow, dry cough, progressive breathlessness, and subjective weight loss. Examination revealed tender left elbow swelling, an enlarged right supraclavicular lymph node and digital clubbing. Chest examination revealed dull percussion note and fine crepts on the right side. Histopathology of the elbow swelling showed metastatic deposits of adenocarcinoma. CT axial section through upper chest demonstrates a cavitating mass in right upper lobe with mediastinal invasion. Although, bone metastasis is known to be the presenting symptom of primary lung cancer, olecranon process metastasis has been reported very rarely.
The potential of new genetic technologies in selecting for stress resistance in pigs

This paper examines the potential for breeding stress resistance in pigs through an understanding of the physiology of the stress response and its associated genetic basis. Pigs reared in commercial units can encounter numerous concurrent stressors that can have a negative impact on performance and welfare. Stress induces physiological and behavioural responses that are multidimensional, consisting of a complex neuroendocrine and immune signalling milieu. Some stress-related genetic parameters have been identified using conventional genetic approaches applied in experimental models. However, these traits do not capture the complexity of the stress response. As a result, the molecular mechanisms underlying the variation associated with stress resistance in pigs in a commercial environment is poorly understood. Gene expression profiling is a powerful tool that can be applied to systematically elucidate stress response pathways and networks. Consequently, gene expression technologies have been applied to identify some putative stress-regulated genes. Further application of these and more traditional technologies will aid in elucidating stress resistance using gene expression as a measure of phenotypic variation at a molecular level. It is envisaged that in the future, tools for selecting for stress resistance could eventually be applied on-farm to enhance production, health and welfare status.
Who Are the Gentrifiers and How Do They Change Central City Neighbourhoods? Privatization, Commodification, and Gentrification in Bucharest

CHELCEA, L. , POPESCU, R. , CRISTEA, D. (2015): Who Are the Gentrifiers and How Do They Change Central City Neighbourhoods? Privatization, Commodification, and Gentrification in Bucharest. Geografie, 120, No. 2, pp. 113–133. – Our understanding of gentrification outside of the Anglo-Saxon core is relatively undeveloped. In order to contribute to a more de-centered approach, we ask who are the gentrifiers and how do they change central city neighbourhoods in a post-socialist context? The answers are explored through a mixed-methods approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data: construction permits analysis, census tract data, field trips, and interviews with tenants, former owners, and real estate agents. Findings indicate that gentrifiers vary in nature. They include state tenants, former owners, marginal gentrifiers, political capitalists, and institutional investors. Through their actions, central neighbourhoods have gained younger, more educated, and smaller households. Beyond this case study, we emphasize the usefulness of rent gap theories, the need to study displaced households, and the potential of property rights to enrich theories of gentrification.
Development of the ovular structures in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]

summary Changes in the ovular tissues of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were studied from anthesis to fertilization or degeneration in pollinated and unpollinated flowers. During this time the ovule undergoes a continuous developmental process. At anthesis the megagametophyte is immature and is not fully developed until 12 days later. During the first three weeks following anthesis the ovule increases in length from 400 to 1200μUm, and the nucellus and integuments undergo various changes particularly in the distribution of starch and cutin. These appear to be connected with early embryo sac nutrition and protection. As the ovule matures, starch accumulates mainly in the embryo sac, integuments and at the nucellar tip. This starch disappears during early embryo sac elongation. Concomitant with starch depletion, the cutin that separated the integuments from the nucellus vanishes. Other cutin accumulates between cells in the nucellar tip, thus protecting and isolating the embryo sac. Most of these changes appear to be a fixed feature of ovule development since they were also observed in a few long lived ovules in unpollinated flowers. However, in unpollinated flowers development of most of the ovules is soon interrupted: callose accumulates af the chalaza, starch disappears and the ovules degenerate.
The use of fluorescent pigments to establish mother-offspring relationships in small mammals

Nos resultats indiquent que l'emploi de poudres fluorescentes sur des femelles prenant soin de leurs jeunes permet de reconnaitre les relations mere-jeune avec davantage de reussite qu'avec les donnees de capture-recapture seules. La proportion des juveniles marques par les poudres a varie considerablement pour sept populations etudiees du campagnol nordique, Microtus oeconomus, probablement en fonction de la quantite de poudres utilisee lors du saupoudrage des meres. En moyenne cette proportion est egale a 63 %. En utilisant les donnees de capture, 69 % des juveniles ont pu, grâce a la connaissance du lieu de leur premiere capture et de leur poids lie a la date de mise-bas de leur mere potentielle, etre associes a une mere donnee. Les 31 % restant avaient plus d'une mere possible. Pour les juveniles dont les donnees de capture indiquaient une seule mere, la correspondance avec les resultats obtenus a l'aide des poudres fluorescentes est de 99 %. La toxicite des poudres etant faible, nous recommendons d'en utiliser des quantites importantes et de faire des applications repetees tant que la mere prend soin des jeunes et qu'elle les allaite. Cependant, une forte piegeabilite des jeunes est necessaire si l'on veut obtenir de bons resultats avec cette methode, car les pigments transferes des meres a leurs jeunes ne sont plus apparents apres l'âge de 24 jours sur la plupart des jeunes. Les poudres fluorescentes ont aussi permis de savoir si des femelles apparemment allaitantes ont reellement des jeunes
Effect of Salinity on the Activities of RNase, DNase and Protease during Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Mung Bean

Seeds and seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) were treated separately with NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4 and K2SO4 solutions of 5 and 10 S/cm conducitivity. The activity of RNase, DNase and protease were estimated in cotyledons, embryo axis, leaves, and roots. Salinity caused inhibition of RNase activity in the cotyledons and roots, but increase in embryo axis and leaves. Activity of DNase was also increased; sodium salt was more effective than potassium irrespective of associated anion. Salinity in general either reduced or had no effect on protease activity in all organs, with the exception of NaCl which doubled it in leaves.