Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of supplementation with selenium on postpartum depression: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Objective. Postpartum depression is a common complication of childbirth, and its prevention is an important public-health issue because of its negative effects on mother, infant, and family. The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to examine the effect of prenatal selenium supplementation on the postpartum depression level in Iranian women. Design. A total of 166 primigravid pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, were randomized to receive 100 μg of selenium (n = 83) or a placebo (n = 83) per day until delivery. The symptoms of postpartum depression were evaluated during the eight weeks following delivery by means of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Serum selenium concentrations were measured at baseline and at the end of study. Results. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics and perceived social support between the selenium and control groups at baseline (p > 0.05). There were 22 drop-outs in the selenium-supplemented group and 19 in the placebo group. Forty-four women in the selenium group and 41 women in the placebo group completed the trial and the EPDS questionnaire. Selenium supplementation was associated with a significant increase in mean serum selenium concentration at term (p < 0.001) but remained unchanged in the control group. The mean EPDS score in the selenium group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion. These findings suggest that supplementation with selenium during pregnancy might be an effective approach for the prevention of postpartum depression.
Effects of sildenafil and tadalafil on ischemia/reperfusion injury in fetal rat brain

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitory drugs, sildenafil and tadalafil, in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced oxidative injury in fetal rat brain. Methods. Timed pregnant adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 6 for each group): saline + none I/R (1), saline + I/R (2), sildenafil + none I/R (3); sildenafil + I/R (4), tadalafil + none I/R (5) and tadalafil + I/R (6). Fetal ischemia was induced by clamping the utero-ovarian artery bilaterally. Fetuses were delivered and 268 fetal rats were decapitated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were assessed in fetal brain tissue homogenates by spectrophotometric methods. Results. In saline + I/R group, MDA levels were increased and, SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased significantly comparing with saline + none I/R group. Both tadalafil and sildenafil treatment decreased the MDA levels significantly in ischemia/reperfusion groups, whereas this effect was significantly more potent with tadalafil. SOD levels were significantly decreased in all groups after I/R. Tadalafil seems to be more effective than sildenafil by means of increasing GSH-Px activity significantly after I/R. Conclusion. Our results indicate some beneficial effects of PDE5 inhibitory drugs, especially tadalafil, on oxidative I/R injury in fetal rat brains.
The effect of postnatal breastfeeding education/support offered at home 3 days after delivery on breastfeeding duration and knowledge: a randomized trial

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breastfeeding education/support offered at home on day 3 postpartum on breastfeeding duration and knowledge. Methods. The study included a total of 60 women who gave birth at Zübeyde Hanım Maternity Hospital located in Aydın, Turkey. In addition to a standard breastfeeding education in the first few hours after delivery, which was provided to all women in this “baby-friendly initiative” (BFI) hospital, the mothers in the intervention group received breastfeeding education at home on day 3 postpartum from supporters. Results. Both groups were comparable in terms of maternal and neonatal characteristics. The breastfeeding education/support offered during a home visit on day 3 postpartum was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of exclusively breastfed infants both at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, and at 6 months, and was also associated with a significant increase in exclusive breastfeeding and in total breastfeeding duration. In addition, increased breastfeeding knowledge scores were observed in the intervention group at 2 weeks and at 6 weeks after delivery, when compared with the respective scores in the control group. Conclusion. Breastfeeding education offered at home on day 3 postpartum was effective in increasing the breastfeeding duration and breastfeeding knowledge.
Perinatal outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients matched by body mass index

Objective: Given that both type 2 diabetes and obesity are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and often coexist, we sought to determine if outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients are related to the presence of diabetes or to maternal obesity. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined perinatal outcomes of type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients matched by prepregnancy body mass index January 2000 to July 2008. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U and t-tests were used to compare groups. The association between type 2 diabetes and adverse perinatal outcomes was evaluated through logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: 213 pairs of type 2 and non-diabetic patients were compared. Diabetic patients had overall worse composite pregnancy, delivery, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. Specifically, diabetic patients had higher rates of preeclampsia, poly- and oligohydramnios, cesarean delivery, shoulder dystocia, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm delivery, LGA infant, fetal anomaly, and neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, RDS, sepsis, intubation, and admission to the NICU. Diabetes remained a significant predictor of adverse delivery, fetal and neonatal composite outcomes when adjusted for confounders in logistic regression. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetic patients have a higher incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes than nondiabetic patients independent of obesity.
Allogenic Labral Transplantation in Hip Instability following Arthroscopic Labrectomy

The acetabular labrum augments femoral head coverage within the acetabulum and contributes to hip joint stability. This has led to an increasing interest in procedures dedicated to preservation of the labrum. An allogenic labral transplantation performed in a patient who had previously undergone a partial labral resection is presented.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MAMMALIAN ERYTHROCYTES TO HEMOLYSIS WITH HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS: A FUNCTION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DISCOIDAL VOLUME AND VOLUME OF A SPHERE OF EQUAL SURFACE

Clinicians as well as physiologists have displayed interest in the varied susceptibilities to hemolysis by hypotonic solutions of the erythrocytes of different species of mammals and of human erythrocytes under different pathologic conditions. The variations have been somewhat vaguely ascribed to differences in "osmotic resistance" and in "permeability" due, in turn, to constitutional anomalies and to differences in the age of the erythrocytes. The possibility that differences in the dimensions of erythrocytes might be responsible for differences in susceptibility to hypotonic hemolysis has, however, been mentioned from time to time, and certain correlations in this respect have been pointed out. Chauffard1said he considered that the wide "resistance span" in hemolytic jaundice was an expression of heterogeneity of cell population in respect to diameter. Vallery-Radot and Lheritier2noted that the resistance to hemolysis of the erythrocytes of different species of mammals varied directly with the diameter of the
Basal cisternostomy – Is it a panacea for traumatic brain swelling?

The evolution of modern neurosurgical techniques in traumatic brain injury has been ongoing for the last two centuries. However it has always been a challenge to obtain an effective clinical outcome, especially those following severe traumatic brain injuries. Other than the well established procedures for acute and/ or chronic subdural hematomas and depressed skull fractures, newer avenues for development of surgical techniques where indicted have been minimal. Practical scenario in trauma neurosurgery comes with multiple challenges and limitations. In an emergency setup, primary management of traumatic brain injuries fall upon the on-duty resident or medical officer in training. Due to the emergent nature of the condition and time being an important variable, the experience of the operating surgeon as well as the severity of the injury become an important contributing factor in the disease prognosis. Based on clinical experience and observation of acute neurosurgical service in tertiary medical center in a developing country, a novel technique in the management of trauma neurosurgery have been elucidated in the current study. The study proposes to apply the principles of microvascular surgery and skull base surgery in selected cases of severe traumatic brain injuries. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-1, 1-6 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i1. 6818
Impaired lactation performance following elective delivery at term: role of maternal levels of cortisol and prolactin

Objective: Lactation performance depends on stress surrounding labor and delivery, and it is likely to be different in women who underwent elective cesarean delivery (ECD) or vaginal (VD). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cortisol and human prolactin (hPRL), following ECD and lactation performance, from the delivery room to the 6th month of life. Methods: A total of 106 mothers were consecutively enrolled: 38 after ECD, 28 after emergency cesarean delivery (EmCD), and 40 after VD. Results: Basal stress-, lactogenic-hormones, cortisol, and hPRL were comparable on day 3 postpartum in all the women. Multivariate analysis indicated that ECD has a negative impact (OR; 95% CI) on breastfeeding prevalence on the seventh day (0.14; 0.0–0.44, p = 0.008) and at third month post partum (0.19; 0.05–0.71, p = 0.05) in comparison to VD. In addition, hPRL levels proved to have a statistically significant role in early breastfeeding (1.01; 1–1.01, p = 0.002). Conclusions: ECD is a risk factor for successful lactation performance. This information should be provided to mothers and caregivers for extra breastfeeding guidance.
The efficacy and tolerance of local anaesthesia without sedation for foot surgery

Abstract Peripheral nerve blockade has become a popular technique for ambulatory surgery, usually in conjunction with peri-operative sedation. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the use of LA as anaesthesia for foot surgery without sedation. 270 adult patients undergoing foot surgery who had previously agreed to surgery under LA, were included consecutively over a period of 6 months on the day of surgery. Data were collected to determine the reliability and safety of respective nerve blockade techniques, the level of pain associated with the injection and satisfaction with the method of anaesthesia used. A questionnaire was used on the day of surgery to elicit opinion regarding anaesthetic preference if a theoretical choice was given. Local anesthesia was achieved in all cases without the need for sedation. 22.6% of blocks required additional anaesthesia following the initial block with the ankle block being significantly less reliable than the digital block (P
Cement-in-cement femoral revisions using a specially designed polished short revision stem; 24 consecutive stems followed for five to seven years

Femoral cement-in-cement revisions are attractive if the cement bone mantle is well fixed. However, most available cemented stems are too long to fit in the existing cement mantle. We evaluated the medium-term outcomes of the 125 mm short tapered polished stem (Exeter Short Revision Stem (SRS)) with a 44 mm offset specifically designed to facilitate cement-in-cement revisions of hip arthroplasties. The Exeter SRS was clinically and radiographically evaluated in 24 consecutive femoral cement-in-cement revisions (11 men, 13 women) between July 2005 and February 2008 after a mean follow-up of six years (5-7). The mean age at operation was 67 years (54-83). No hip was lost to follow-up, but two patients (two hips) died. None of the deaths were related to the surgery. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed. Four femoral components (17%) were removed for septic loosening after a mean of 2.4 years (0.8-4.9). Three of these hips were revised again in a two-stage revision, and one was converted to a permanent excision arthroplasty. The probability of survival with re-revision for any reason was 82% (95% CI: 58-93) and survivorship with aseptic loosening as the endpoint was 100% at six years. There were no additional radiological failures. The Exeter Short Revision Stem is a valuable option for simplifying cement-in-cement revisions. Despite the short stem length, at mid-term there were no signs of instability or aseptic loosening.
Measuring glucose exposure and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in normal and abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnancy

In pregnancy complicated by diabetes periods of hyperglycemia lead to accelerated fetal growth, resulting in a large for gestational age (LGA), or macrosomic, infant. Consequently, our aim was to measure the average volatility or variability in glucose control in women with and without diabetes in pregnancy. Methods: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was employed in 82 pregnant study subjects to collect and record unbiased self-monitored glucose values. We obtained results from 51 women with normal glucose tolerance in pregnancy (NGTP), 25 gestational diabetes (GDM) and 6 women with pregestational diabetes (PreGD) between 18 and 45 (32 ± 6) years of age. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in glucose exposure between NGT and all but PreGD; whereas the percent of time in hypoglycemia was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in all pregnancy groups when compared to the nonpregnant sample. We conclude that CGM confirmed that diurnal glucose patterns differ throughout the day by 20% when pregnant and nonpregnant states are compared. Indeed, maintenance of a narrow range in pregnancy is characteristic in women without diabetes, and CGM throughout pregnancy is critical, if mimicking normal glucose patterns is to be achieved.
Outcomes of Polyethylene Liner Cementation into a Fixed Metal Acetabular Shell with Minimum Follow-up of 7 Years

Cementation of a polyethylene liner into the well-fixed shell is a convenient option for revision total hip arthroplasty. We retrospectively reviewed 45 patients who had liner cementation to investigate the risk factors which gave rise to major complications and reoperation. Patients were observed for a minimum of 7 years (range 7.8-14 years). Relevant risk factors (age, BMI, surgical approach, previous cup size and position, types of coated surface) were assessed with Cox regression analysis. The mean Harris Hip Score was improved from 62.5 (range 57-68) preoperatively to 87.1 (range 70-97). A total of 7 hips (15.5%) had acetabular component loosening that was treated with reoperation. Prevalence of acetabular component loosening was statistically significantly higher in hydroxyapatite-coated group (5 of 13) than in the Ti-coated group (2 of 32, p = 0.015). All recurrent dislocations occurred in patients treated with a posterior approach. Diameter of the previous metal shell of below 54 mm showed a lower 10-year survival rate than those greater than 54 mm in diameter. PE liner cementation in stable metal cup is a useful alternative option for carefully selected patients. Pre-existing HA-coated cups as well as small sized cups were indicative of poor outcomes.
At-Risk Students in After-school Programs: Outcomes and Recommendations

L incoln High School, like many secondary schools, dismisses students in the early afternoon. Although many students are involved in cocurricular activities, most hang out on the streets, in nearby parks, or at unsupervised homes after school. Although parents and community members tend to think that adolescents get into trouble on the weekends, the after-school hours are equally risky for adolescent substance abuse, gang activity, and unprotected sex. The principal is looking for a way to use the school as a safe place in which students can use their after-school time productively. In 2004, more than six million children and youth participated in after-school programs (Dodd & Bowen, 2011). Such programs can be schoolbased (run in the traditional academic environment and supported through a school district) or community-based (run by outside agencies in various environments). Because after-school programs can differ in structure and supervision, it is important for school leaders to assess the needs of students and faculty members, logistical issues, and existing resources before designing a school-based program or partnering with a community program. In general, however, successful programs begin immediately after school and have a 15-minute snack time; a 30to 45-minute homework or concept review period; and a 30-minute game time, which can include sports and fitness activities or board games. Once implemented, the quality of the programs must be assessed regularly and changes in structure and content must be made on the basis of outcome data. School-based mental health providers, such as school psychologists, counselors, and social workers, can assist with needs assessments and progress monitoring.
Physiopathology of intrauterine growth retardation: from classic data to metabolomics

It is well know that adverse conditions during intrauterine life, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), can result in permanent changes in the physiology and metabolism of the newborn, which in turn leads to an increased risk of disease in adulthood (fetal origin of adult disease hypothesis). In the first part of this review the epidemiological studies in which a correlation between low birth weight and chronic pathologies in adulthood was observed are reported. The second part of the review is focused on metabolomics studies that have revealed an altered metabolism in IUGR patients compared to controls. Together with more classic biomarkers of IUGR, such as endothelin-1, leptin, protein S100B and visfatin, the new holistic metabolomics approach has assumed a crescent role in the identification of disorders in the neonatal metabolic profile, determined by the interconnection of the different processes.
Psychological response to multifetal reduction and pregnancy termination due to fetal abnormality

Objective: To investigate the emotional response in cases of multifetal reduction and pregnancy termination and to compare the psychological response between these two groups. Methods: A prospective study in a tertiary-care, university-affiliated medical center. The study group included 65 women who had been advised to terminate pregnancy because of a finding of a severe fetal abnormality on ultrasound screening (pregnancy termination group) and 41 women advised to undergo reduction because of the presence of multiple fetuses (multifetal reduction group). All women underwent psychological testing using validated questionnaires addressing perinatal grief and anxiety levels. Results: Women in both the multifetal reduction and the pregnancy termination groups reported significant degree of grief and anxiety before and after the procedure, although the levels of anxiety on the day of procedure and anxiety and grief at follow up were higher in the pregnancy termination group (t = 2.438, p = 0.016; t = 2.441, p = 0.017; and t = 3.111, p = 0.03, respectively). In both groups there was a gradual decrease in the state anxiety with time (48.01 ± 8.26 to 37.59 ± 9.23; t = −9.931; p < 0.001). Several factors affected the emotional response in the cases, including marital status, level of education, employment status, and gestational age. There was no association between a history of prior perinatal loss and emotional response. Conclusion: There is need for a continuing psychosocial support of women undergoing multifetal reduction and pregnancy termination for fetal abnormalities.
Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Immunity during the Transition Period of Dairy Cows

Infection occurs when a population of invading pathogens (i.e., bacteria, viruses, protozoa, etc.) becomes established within another living organism. Infections of the mammary gland (mastitis) or uterus (metritis) are common sources of inflammation in lactating dairy cows, particularly during the periparturient period. Other health disorders common during this period (e.g., milk fever and ketosis) do not arise from infectious organisms, but instead have metabolic origins. Although the etiologies of infectious and metabolic disorders differ, epidemiologists report a significant association between their occurrences. For example, Curtis et al. (1985) reported that cows with milk fever were 5.4 times more likely to contract clinical mastitis than animals without milk fever. These data do not imply cause and effect; however, they suggest an association between the occurrence of one disease with the occurrence of a second disorder. Recent research highlights the interplay between the metabolic and immune systems such that we should not be surprised at the association between clinical events. Researchers and dairy advisors need to begin to think about nutrition and immunity not as exclusive concepts, but rather as integrated systems whereby the activity or events in one system have direct effects on the other.
Antifungal activity of components used for decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans

Introduction:The effectiveness of antimicrobial solutions employed in dental prosthesis decontamination is still uncertain.Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of cleaners used in the decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans.Material and method: The evaluated products were: Corega Tabs(r) (S1), Sodium Hypochlorite 1% (S2), Sodium Bicarbonate 1% (S3), Hydrogen Peroxide 1% (S4), Chlorhexidine Digluconate 0.12% - Periogard (r) (S5), Mouthrinse based on essential oils - Listerine(r) (S6), essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) at concentrations of 1% (S7) and 2% (S8). The antifungal activity of the products was evaluated by agar diffusion technique and the determination of microbial death curve of samples of C. albicans (ATCC 90028) in concentration 1.5 × 106 CFU/mL. The tests were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was made by ANOVA Two-Way and Tukey tests, with the confidence level of 95%. Result:The average of the zones of inhibition growth, in millimeters, obtained for the products were: 0.0 (S1), 44.7 (S2), 0.0 (S3), 21.6 (S4), 10.0 (S5), 6.1 (S6), 0.0 (S7) and 2.4 (S8). Considering the determination of microbial death curve, all products showed a statistical difference (p<0.01) from control (0.85% sodium chloride) and S3 groups. Fungal growth less than 2×104 CFU/mL and an accentuation of the microbial death curve were observed after 30 minutes, with exception for S3 and control groups.Conclusion:The studied compounds, with the exception of Sodium Bicarbonate, have antifungal effect against C. albicans, which contribute for dental prostheses hygiene.