Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectinomycin versus tetracycline for the treatment of gonorrhea

Abstract Spectinomycin and tetracycline are alternative drugs to penicillin in the treatment of gonorrhea. To compare the efficacy of these agents and their propensity to select resistant gonococci, we treated 4043 patients randomly with either 2 or 4 g of spectinomycin once or 9 g of oral tetracycline for four days. Minimum cure rate for anogenital gonorrhea was 94 per cent with either drug. Oropharyngeal infection responded poorly to spectinomycin in men, with failure of therapy in six of 11. Postgonococcal urethritis in men was less common after tetracycline than after spectinomycin (P<0.005). Spectinomycin failure was not related to drug resistance. Tetracycline failure correlated with resistance (P<0.0002); one fifth of the isolates resistant to 1.0 μg per milliliter of tetracycline were not eradicated. For several reasons, including the appearance of β-lactamase-producing gonococci, it is no longer clear that penicillin G is the "drug of choice" for gonorrhea. Spectinomycin and tetracycline are equa.
Social Cognitive Theory Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intentions of College Men at a Southeastern University

The purpose of this study was to use social cognitive theory to predict human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intentions of college men attending a large, southeastern university. Data collection comprised two phases. Phase I established face and content validity of the instrument by a panel of six experts. Phase II assessed internal consistency reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and predicted behavioral intentions applying multiple linear regression. HPV knowledge, expectations, self-efficacy to get HPV vaccine, situational perception, self-efficacy in overcoming barriers to get HPV vaccine, and self-control to get HPV vaccine were regressed on behavioral intentions. Situational perception and self-control to get HPV vaccine were significant predictors, accounting for 22% of variance in behavioral intentions to get vaccinated within the next 6 months. Overall, college men reported low behavioral intentions to getting vaccinated. Future interventions should target situational perception and self-control to increase HPV vaccination intentions.
Additive companding implementation to reduce ADC constraints for multiple signals digitization

In urban sensor networks, the diversity of propagation conditions can lead to the simultaneous reception of signals having very different power levels. Given the diversity of wireless technologies used in this area, implementing gateways using a Software-Defined Radio (SDR) approach seems to be a very practical solution. Overcoming the large dynamic range may however require a very high resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to digitize the weakest signal with a satisfying precision. One possibility to relax this requirement is to use a companding technique before digitization. This paper describes how to use an additive companding approach to reduce ADC's complexity and proposes two implementations of the compressing law.
A black-box approach to RF LNA design

This paper presents a novel power-constrained algorithmic design methodology for radiofrequency (RF) low-noise amplifiers (LNAs). The methodology is based on matrix descriptions of the transistors allowing for the first time the derivation of exact synthesis equations for input impedance matching and transducer gain optimization. The equations are embedded in an algorithm for design tradeoffs between noise performance and gain. In particular, the synthesis equations are demonstrated for the cascode topology with inductive degeneration. The matrices required by the mathematical description are derived through simulations, allowing the algorithmic design methodology to be accurate, flexible (i.e. applicable to any two-port active device), and compliant with the needs of intellectual property protection since no dc, small-signal, or noise model parameters are required. The methodology is validated through the design of a 2 mW 2.45 GHz LNA in a predictive 90 nm CMOS technology.
Continuous Delivery? Easy! Just Change Everything (Well, Maybe It Is Not That Easy)

Rally Software transitioned from shipping code every eight-weeks, with time-boxed Scrum sprints, to a model of continuous delivery with Kanban. The team encountered complex challenges with their build systems, automated test suites, customer enablement, and internal communication. But there was light at the end of the tunnel - greater control and flexibility over feature releases, incremental delivery of value, lower risks, fewer defects, easier on-boarding of new developers, less off-hours work, and a considerable up tick in confidence. This experience report describes the journey to continuous delivery with the aim that others can learn from our mistakes and get their teams deploying more frequently. We will describe and contrast this transition from the business (product management) and engineering perspectives.
Acute Renal Failure: A Continuing Challenge

failure and the associated risk factors. In addition, there has been an impressive elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology of this disorder, both in experimental models as well as human disease [1,2]. Yet, despite this record of achievement, the prevalence of acute renal failure remains high. Even more disconcerting, the morbidity and mortality remain relatively unchanged over the last decade. Part of this paradox may be explained by an increased severity of illness in hospitalized patients today. Clearly, our patients are older, sicker, and
Priority Scheduling for Improving Video Delivery over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Using multipath routing protocols results in more efficient data transmission than single path routing protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for improving video transmission over WMSN based on packet, path and queue priority scheduling over multipath routing protocol. We assume that network has high CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic with no video data in addition to video packets. Since, not every frame has the same effect on receptive video quality, in our mechanism we put priority over the video packets regarding their effects on the receiver video distortions. In our scheduling, condition of each routing path is studied, using control packets being transmitted periodically, and in the video source node the packets having high priority are transmitted over paths with better conditions. Also, intermediate nodes buffer (queue) is scheduled for quick and righteously transmission of video packets compared with the other packets in network. Simulation results show that our proposed scheduling improves important Quality-of-Service (QoS) metrics such as end-to-end delay and frame loss percentage for video streaming.
Patients’ Preferences for Treatment of Hepatitis C

Background. The objective of this study was to ascertain patient preferences for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods. The authors recruited consecutive patients eligible for treatment of HCV and used adaptive conjoint analysis (ACA), a hybrid approach of conjoint analysis that uses both self-explicated ratings and pair-wise comparisons, to elicit preferences for pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. They examined the association between patient characteristics and treatment preferences using the Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 statistic for continuous and categorical variables, respectively, and subsequently calculated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression. Results. A total of 140 subjects completed the ACA task. The mean (±SD) age of the sample was 51±8 y; 85% were male, and 59% were white. When described as being associated with mild side effects, 67% (n = 94) of subjects preferred treatment for HCV. The percentage of subjects preferring therapy decreased to 51% (n = 72) when it was described as being associated with severe side effects. Preferences for treatment of HCV were stronger among subjects with a higher perceived risk of developing cirrhosis, more severe underlying liver disease, and worse HCV-related quality of life. Subjects having more severe disease placed greater weight on the importance of expected benefits and less on the risk of toxicity compared with those with mild or no fibrosis. Conclusions. Whether to choose treatment for HCV is a difficult decision for many patients. Treatment is usually recommended for those with moderate to severe liver disease, and these results demonstrate that most patients’ preferences are concordant with this practice. Key words: hepatitis C; decision making; pegylated-interferon; ribavirin. (Med Decis Making 2010;30:45—57)
iDetection: Intelligent Primary User Detection for Cognitive Radio Networks

In dynamic spectrum access paradigm, reliable spectrum sensing is essential for the efficient utilization of the underutilized spectrum as well as the protection of legacy spectrum users. To achieve reliability, it is important for sensing techniques to meet detection requirements, such as the maximum allowed detection time, the probability of misdetection and the probability of false alarm. In this paper, a spectrum sensing scheme named iDetection is proposed that minimizes the probability of misdetection, false alarm and the mean detection time. Based on the power and the band of interest, the iDetection scheme selects either the combined energy detector and cyclostationary detector or the matched filter detection. The band of interest notifies whether the primary user waveform is known or not, whereas, power indicates the noise uncertainty in the received waveform. To evaluate the proposed scheme a comparison is conducted on the basis of the probability of detection, the probability of false alarm and the mean detection time. The results manifest that iDetection scheme outperforms all other existing local spectrum sensing techniques including energy detection, matched filter detection and cyclostationary detection.
Continuing Education Online

Abstract The Internet ofrers a resource for media-rich training fully capable of evaluation, adaptation, and remediation, which is independent of computer platform, for individuals anywhere in the world, at any time. Interest and usage of the Internet as a source of information are increasing. In the future, as more nurses become comfortable with the Internet and begin to demand Internet learning opportunities, continuing education (CE) offerings will become more prevalent. This article reviews the benefits and limitations of Internet education offerings and the issues that arise in developing an Internet CE site, including the duties of a website administrator and a general overview of the cost of development and revenue generation. As speed and security improve, the Internet is becoming increasingly integrated into everyday life. Infusion therapy offers a unique opportunity because this information is not widely known and is not widely available on the Internet.
Cultural sensitivity in forensic services: findings from an audit of South London forensic inpatient services

This paper summarises the key findings from an audit using the Cultural Sensitivity Audit Tool for Mental Health Services (The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, 2001) to evaluate the views of service-users and staff in a South London Forensic Inpatient Service. Forty-one service-users and 47 members of staff working in the service took part in the audit. Staff completed the tool as a questionnaire, and service-users were interviewed. The majority of staff believed that black and minority ethnic patient groups were over-represented in the service, and many attributed this to misunderstandings of culture. Staff identified gaps in their training on race and culture; none of the staff believed they had received all the training required. Nevertheless, service-users highlighted culturally sensitive and effective aspects of the service, and many believed their cultural needs were understood. Given this disparity, the authors question whether the large emphasis on the cultural sensitivity of services is something service-providers are more concerned about than our service-users; and whether a greater focus on service quality, of which cultural sensitivity is one aspect, would be more helpful.
SnP3/Carbon Nanocomposite as an Anode Material for Potassium-Ion Batteries.

New anode materials with large capacity and long cyclability for next generation potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are required. PIBs are in the initial stage of investigation and only a few anode materials have been explored. In this study, for the first time, an SnP3/C nanocomposite with excellent cyclability and rate capability was evaluated as an anode material for PIBs. The SnP3/C nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile and cost-effective high-energy ball milling technique. The SnP3/C electrode delivered an initial reversible capacity of 410 mAh g-1 and maintained 408 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at a specific current of 50 mA g-1. After 80 cycles at a high specific current of 500 mA g-1, a high capacity of 225 mAh g-1 remained. From a crystallographic analysis, it was suggested that the SnP3/C nanocomposite underwent a sequential and reversible conversion and alloying reactions. The excellent cyclability and rate capability of the SnP3/C electrode were attributed to the nano-sized SnP3 particles and carbon buffer layer, which supplied channels for the migration of K-ions and mitigated the stress induced by a large volume change during potassiation/depotassiation. Furthermore, a full cell composed of the SnP3/C nanocomposite anode and potassium Prussian blue cathode exhibited a reversible capacity of 305 mAh g-1 at a specific current of 30 mA g-1 and retained 71.7 % of the original capacity after 30 cycles. These results are important for understanding the electrochemical process of the SnP3/C nanocomposite and using the SnP3/C as an anode material for PIBs.
Agreement about Identifying Patients Who Change over Time

Background. Preference-based measures of health-related quality of life all use the same dead = 0.00 to perfect health = 1.00 scale, but there are substantial differences among measures. Objective. The objective was to examine agreement in classifying patients as better, stable, or worse. Methods. The EQ-5D, Health Utilities Index Mark 2 and Mark 3, Quality of Well-Being–Self-Administered scale, Short-Form 36 (Short-Form 6D), and disease-targeted measures were administered prospectively in 2 clinical cohorts. The study was conducted at academic medical centers: University of California, Los Angeles; University of California, San Diego; University of Wisconsin–Madison; and University of Southern California. Patients undergoing cataract extraction surgery with lens replacement completed the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). Patients newly referred to congestive heart failure specialty clinics completed the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF). In both cohorts, subjects completed surveys at baseline and at 1 and 6 months. The NEI-VFQ-25 and MLHF were used as gold standards to assign patients to categories of change. Agreement was assessed using κ. Results. There were 376 cataract patients recruited. Complete data for baseline and the 1-month follow-up were available on all measures for 210 cases. Using criteria specified by Altman, agreement was poor for 6 of 9 pairs of comparisons and fair for 3 pairs. There were 160 heart failure patients recruited. Complete data for baseline and the 6-month follow-up were available for 86 cases. Agreement was negligible for 5 pairs and fair for 1. The study was conducted on selected patients at a few academic medical centers. Conclusions. The results underscore the lack of interchangeability among different preference-based measures.
Molecular engineering of donor-acceptor polymer to realize a single band absorption toward red-selective thin film organic photodiode.

Herein we explore the strategy of realizing a red-selective thin-film organic photodiode (OPD) by synthesizing a new copolymer with a highly selective red-absorption feature. PCZ-Th-DPP, with phenanthrocarbazole (PCZ) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as donor and acceptor units, respectively, was strategically designed/synthesized based on a time-dependent density functional theory calculation, which predicted the significant suppression of the band II absorption of PCZ-Th-DPP due to the extremely efficient intramolecular charge transfer. We demonstrate that the synthesized PCZ-Th-DPP exhibits not only a high absorption coefficient within the red-selective band I region, as theoretically predicted, but also a preferential face on intermolecular structure in the thin film state, which is beneficial for vertical charge extraction as an outcome of a glancing incidence X-ray diffraction study. By employing PCZ-Th-DPP as a photoactive layer of Schottky OPD, to fully match its absorption characteristic to the spectral response of the red-selective OPD, we demonstrate a genuine red-selective specific detectivity in the order of 1012 Jones while maintaining a thin active layer thickness of ~300 nm. This work demonstrates the possibility of realizing a full color image sensor with a synthetic approach to the constituting active layers without optical manipulation.
Cáncer colo-rectal multicéntrico (CCRM) en el área sanitaria de León

Purpose: We analyze the characteristics of patients with multicentric colo-rectal cancer (MCRC) in the health district of Leon, the impact on survival, and the prognostic variables. Material and methods: : Using the data from the Hospital de Leon Tumour Registry, we analyzed the characteristics of all the patients diagnosed of having colo-rectal tumours between 1993 and 2002. The patients were classified in two groups: one of them composed by 74 patients with MCRC, and the other formed by 1342 patients diagnosed in 1996 and 1997 of having single colo-rectal tumours. Results: The observed frequency of MCRC corresponded to 2.7 percent of the whole cases. The age of the MCRC patients was 2 years higher than that of the patients with single neoplasms, and showed a higher familial oncologic history, that was present in 38 percent of the cases. No differences were observed for location and stage of the first appeared colo-rectal neoplasm. The survival of the patients developing metachronous MCRC was lower than for those with synchronous disease, possibly due to the higher number of the second neoplasms appearing in these patients at early stages. Prognostic values were age, sex, and metachronous or synchronous type of disease. Conclusions: MCRC is a frequent entity. The frequency of familial oncologic history is very high. No significant differences were seen in relation to prognosis between single and multiple colo-rectal cancer.
Highlighting the dynamics of graphene protection to oxidation of copper under operando condition.

We performed spatially-resolved near-ambient-pressure photoemission spectromicroscopy on graphene-coated copper in operando under oxidation conditions in oxygen atmosphere (0.1 mbar). We investigated regions with bare copper and areas covered with mono- and bi-layers graphene flakes, in isobaric and isothermal experiments. The key method in this work is the combination of spatial and chemical resolution of the scanning photoemission microscope operating in near-ambient-pressure environment, thus allowing to overcome both materials and pressure gap typical of standard UHV XPS and to observe in operando the protection mechanism of graphene towards copper oxidation. The ability to perform spatially resolved XPS and imaging at high pressure allows for the first time a unique characterization of the oxidation phenomenon by means of photoelectron spectromicroscopy, pushing the limits of this technique from fundamental studies to real materials in working conditions. While bare Cu oxidizes naturally at room temperature, our results demonstrate that such graphene coating act as an effective barrier to prevent copper oxidation at high temperatures (over 300 °C), until oxygen intercalation beneath graphene starts from boundaries and defects. We also show that bilayers flakes can protect at even higher temperature. The protected metallic substrate, therefore, does not suffer corrosion preserving its metallic character, making this coating appealing for any application in an aggressive atmospheric environment at high temperature.
Introduction to the special session on "Silicon photonic interconnects: an illusion or a realistic solution?"

The performance of a multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) is determined not only by the performance of its processing cores and memories, but also by how efficiently they collaborate with one another. It is the MPSoCs communication architecture which determines the collaboration efficiency. The migration towards MPSoCs is propelled by the shrinking feature sizes in each generation of process technology. On the one hand, smaller transistors allow for more processor cores and memories on a single chip and result in more on-chip computations as well as communications. On the other hand, reducing feature sizes makes on-chip communication more difficult. The International Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) shows that the latency of metallic interconnects increases exponentially as feature sizes decrease. On-chip communication using metallic interconnects will need more than one clock cycle to send information from sources to destinations. Moreover, metallic interconnects consume a significant amount of power. Studies shows that global metallic interconnects could consume kilowatts of power to achieve required communication bandwidth by 2020 [1].
Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk.

Federal Abortion Policy and Politics: 1973-1996 Why is Abortion Such a Controversial issue in the United States Barriers to Access to Abortion Services The Impact of Anti-abortion Activities on Women Seeking Abortions Black Women and the Question of Abortion Latinos and Abortion Abortion and Asian Pacific Islander Americans The Acceptability of Medical Abortion to Women Understanding the Relationship of Violence Against Women to Unwanted Pregnancy and it's Resolution Testing a Model of the Psychological Consequences of Abortion Men and Abortion: The Gender Politics of Pregnancy Resolution Abortion Among Adolescents A Cognitive Approach to Patient-Centered Abortion Care Abortion Issues in Psychotherapy Bringing Lessons Learned to the United States Improving Access to Abortion Services Abortion Practice, Policy, and Research: Recommendations for the 21st Century
ARMY NURSE CORPS

To the Editor:— The story "The Army Nurse Corps" in the April 18 issue, page 1374, is incomplete. Women trained nurses entered the United States Army Medical Service in August 1898 at Montauk, N. Y. The deaths at the General Hospital where I was executive officer averaged fifteen a day. Nursing was our great need. Through Howard Townsend, Red Cross executive at Montauk, I asked President McKinley for these nurses. Authority was at once given. During the period left out in your article nurses served in the United States, in the Philippines, in Cuba and in Puerto Rico; also on the hospital ship Relief. It seems too bad that the pioneer nurses should not be given credit for the heroic work done then and since.