Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Caloric Supplementation on Selected Milk Protective Factors in Undernourished Guatemalan Mothers

ABSTRACT: The level and avidity indices of specific antibodies against tetanus toxoid, Escherichia coli O6 and a pool of 10 common E. coli O antigens, as well as the concentration and daily output of lactoferrin and total secretory IgA (SIgA), were evaluated in the milk of moderately undernourished mothers who were in a random blind design divided into two groups and given different caloric supplementations. Group A received a high caloric supplement (500 kcal/d), and group B received a low caloric supplement (140 kcal/d). Determinations were done using ELISA in various modifications, except for lactoferrin, which was quantified by single radial immunodiffusion, The avidity indices were investigated as an evaluation of the antibody quality. In all the parameters evaluated, the only difference found between the two groups at the end of the supplementation period was in the content of total SIgA, which was lower in group B, both in concentration and daily output. However, the SIgA remained within the normal range. Increases as well as decreases in the levels of specific IgA antibodies occurred within both groups. Avidity was decreased in group B only against one of the antigens tested. We conclude that moderate undernutrition does not impair the levels of milk antibodies, and supplementation does not enhance them but prevents the decrease in the content of total milk SIgA. There is a suggestion that the avidity of certain antibody specificities could be hampered.
Electrical characterization of suspended gold nanowire bridges with functionalized self-assembled monolayers using a top-down fabrication method

In this paper, a very simple top-down fabrication method, which is compatible with standard silicon (Si) fabrication processes, is proposed to fabricate new suspended gold nanowire bridges with flexible designs. The electrical characteristics of the nanowire bridges which include the V–I curve, thermoresistive and impedance spectra change before and after nanowire bridges release and resistivity change with different design parameters are measured. The suspended nanowire bridge structures show the reduction of interference from the substrate and a large design flexibility to fit varying application desires. Furthermore, the nanowire bridge has shown a high potential for biomolecular detection by the mechanical, electrical or optical sensing mechanism through the formation of functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the bridge structure.
A study of novel flyback converter with very low power consumption at the standby operating mode

Recently, although the power consumption of green mode flyback converters at the light load and standby operating mode was minimized by the burst mode operation of PWM IC, the flyback converter has still about 0.3W~0.5W power consumption caused by the high magnetizing current flowing through magnetizing inductance of high frequency transformer in the primary side. PDP TV is required to reduce the standby power consumption by 0.2W. This paper proposes a novel topology of green mode flyback converter to decrease the standby power consumption by reducing the magnetizing current at the standby mode operation. A 70W prototype flyback converter for an auxiliary power module installed in 50” PDP TV is built, tested and verified. Its experimental results are described.
Personalized automatic image annotation based on reinforcement learning

With the rapidly increasing number of personal image collections on the web, it is of great importance to annotate these user-uploaded images in personalized manner. But personalized image annotation is largely ignored by the mainstream of image annotation research. In this paper, we focus on personalizing the automatic image annotation by proposing a general framework which jointly exploits the generic content-based image annotation, personal image tagging history and the content of personal history images. In our framework, two sets of candidate annotations are extracted for each image based on content-based annotation and personal image tagging history. Considering that the user's interest may not stay the same, when exploiting the personal image tagging history, we also take the content of personal history images into account to avoid the noise. To get the final annotations, we propose an unsupervised algorithm based on reinforcement learning to combine the above two candidate annotation sets. Encouraging results show that the proposed framework is effective and promising for personalizing automatic image annotation.
A Feedback Linearization Design for the Control of Vehicle's Lateral Dynamics

In this paper, the feedback linearization scheme is applied to the control of vehicle's lateral dynamics. Based on the assumption of constant driving speed, a second-order nonlinear lateral dynamical model is adopted for controller design. It was observed in Liaw and Chung (2006) that the saddle-node bifurcation would appear in vehicle dynamics with respect to the variation of the front wheel steering angle, which might result in spin and/or system instability. Feedback linearization control laws are proposed in this paper to stabilize the vehicle's dynamics at bifurcation points. Numerical simulations for an example model demonstrate the effectiveness of the analytical results
Excitonic Refractive Index Change in High Purity GaAs Modulator at Room Temperature for Optical Fiber Communication Network

Abstract—In this paper, we have compared and analyzed the electroabsorption properties between with and without excitonic effect bulk in high purity GaAs spatial light modulator for optical fiber communication network. The eletroabsorption properties such as absorption spectra, change in absorption spectra, change in refractive index and extinction ration has been calculated. We have also compared the result of absorption spectra and change in absorption spectra with the experimental results and found close agreement with experimental results.
Biological Variation and Hemoglobin A1c: Relevance to Diabetes Management and Complications

The term biological variation refers to differences in clinical attributes between individuals not due to measurement or analytic uncertainties (1). Pediatricians have frequent day-to-day experience with assessment and interpretation of biological variation; for example in healthy growing children height increases with age. But chronologic age is not the only determinant of height and at any given chronological age there is considerable variation in height between children. To facilitate relative height comparisons between children over time it is common practice to calculate a height z-score which removes the effect of age. Children tend to track in height and have consistency in height z-score over time, i.e., tall children tend to remain tall and short children short. The consistency of differences in height z-scores between individual children over time is an example of between-individual biological variation in height which is not due to differences of age. Between-individual biological variation is present in virtually all clinical measurements and can pose a particular challenge when interpreting results of blood samples sent to the clinical laboratory for analysis (1). When analytes are measured repeatedly from healthy individuals, the range of values from one individual often consistently occupies only a small part of the reference interval for the entire population (1, 2). Statistically, the variation in values for a repeatedly measured analyte between separate individuals in a population is greater than the variation of values for that analyte measured within individual members of the population. Stuart A. Chalewa, Robert J. McCarterb and James M. Hempea aDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Children’s Hospital of New Orleans and the Research Institute for Children, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; and bThe George Washington University and Division of Bioinformatics and Statistics, Children’s Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA
Analytical and Numerical Methods to Model Anchor Losses in 65-MHz AlN Contour Mode Resonators

This paper presents and experimentally validates two different approaches to describe the quality factor (Q) due to anchor losses in 65-MHz aluminum nitride (AlN) contour mode resonators (CMRs). The first method is an approach that can be considered qualitative in nature, as it consists of a simplified analytical model that assumes quasi-static anchor conditions and a semi-infinite substrate. Despite its simplicity, it effectively provides designers with some guidelines on how to layout resonator anchors. The second approach is quantitative and consists of a numerical technique that can be considered as an alternative to the use of perfectly matched layers (PMLs). The new finite-element method imposes fixed-constraint (FC) boundary conditions at the edges of the released regions, and the Q is calculated as the ratio of strain energy in both resonator and anchors and the total acoustic energy transferred to the substrate. The two approaches (analytical and numerical) are experimentally validated through measurements of 216 AlN CMRs operating at their fundamental resonance frequency (around 65 MHz). The proposed numerical approach is also compared with the results obtained using PML. This comparison shows that the FC technique has a similar accuracy to PML in predicting Q, but it is superior to the latter when reflections from the clamped boundaries become relevant.
Machiavellianism and Executive Functioning in Patients with Delusional Disorder

Previous research has demonstrated that patients with Delusional Disorder are impaired in executive functioning that affects performance on social cognitive tasks. In patients with Parkinson's disease, poor executive control induces an increase in “Machiavellianism,” a term that refers to opportunistic behaviors that aim at exploiting and manipulating others. Accordingly, the association between Machiavellianism in Delusional Disorder and executive functioning deficits was examined. Machiavellianism and executive functioning were measured in 22 patients with Delusional Disorder and compared with a group of 22 healthy controls matched for sex, (premorbid) intelligence, and education. Patients and controls did not differ regarding Machiavellianism scores, education level, or intelligence. However, patients with Delusional Disorder performed more poorly on an executive functioning task. Impaired executive functioning was associated with greater Machiavellianism, particularly cynical views on human nature, but not with intelligence or illness duration. Similar to findings in patients with Parkinson's disease, Machiavellianism in Delusional Disorder was associated with poorer executive functioning. This finding indicates that frontal lobe dysfunction may influence interpersonal attitudes and personality in Delusional Disorder.
Emerging role of the plant ERF transcription factors in coordinating wound defense responses and repair

ABSTRACT Plants react to wounding through the activation of both defense and repair pathways, but how these two responses are coordinated is unclear. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that diverse members of the subfamily X of the plant-specific ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors coordinate stress signaling with the activation of wound repair mechanisms. Moreover, we highlight the observation that tissue repair is strongly boosted through the formation of a heterodimeric protein complex that comprises ERF and transcription factors of the GRAS domain type. This interaction turns ERFs into highly potent and stress-responsive activators of cell proliferation. The potency to induce stem cell identity suggests that these heterodimeric transcription factor complexes could become valuable tools to increase crop regeneration and transformation efficiency. Summary: Subfamily X of EREB-DREB transcription factors are thought to act on either stress signaling or regeneration processes. We suggest that they co-activate both processes, thereby simultaneously protecting injured sites and initiating healing.
FaceDisplay: Enabling Multi-User Interaction for Mobile Virtual Reality

We present FaceDisplay, a multi-display mobile virtual reality (VR) head mounted display (HMD), designed to enable non-HMD users to perceive and interact with the virtual world of the HMD user. Mobile VR HMDs offer the ability to immerse oneself wherever and whenever the user wishes to. This enables application scenarios in which users can interact with VR in public places. However, this results in excluding all the people in the surrounding without an HMD to become sole bystanders and onlookers. We propose FaceDisplay, a multi-display mobile VR HMD, allowing by-standers to see inside the immersed users virtual world and enable them to interact via touch. We built a prototype consisting of three additional screens and present interaction techniques and an example application that leverage the FaceDisplay design space.
Toward understanding closed loop learning control : The importance of basis in searching the phase space

of the Thesis Toward understanding closed loop learning control: The importance of basis in searching the phase space by Florian Rainer Langhojer Master of Arts in Physics Stony Brook University 2004 This thesis investigates different routes to gaining physical insight from closed loop learning control experiments. We focus on the role of the basis in which pulse shapes are encoded and the algorithmic search is performed. We present simulations and experiments in selective molecular fragmentation using shaped ultrafast laser pulses. We demonstrate reduction of the dimensionality of the search space to one or two degrees of freedom. We show how the search space can then be mapped out in detail along the most important degree of freedom, leading toward a better understanding of the control mechanism. iii
Mandibular function in Galago crassicaudatus and Macaca fascicularis: An in vivo approach to Stress Analysis of the mandible

Single‐element and/or rosette strain gages were bonded to mandibular cortical bone in Galago crassicaudatus and Macaca fascicularis. Five galago and eleven macaque bone strain experiments were performed and analyzed. In vivo bone strain was recorded from the lateral surface of the mandibular corpus below the postcanine tooth row during transducer biting and during mastication and ingestion of food objects.
Infant obedience and maternal behavior: the origins of socialization reconsidered.

STAYTON, DONELDA J.; HOGAN, ROBERT; and AINSWORTH, MARY D. SALTER. Infant Obedience and Maternal Behavior: The Origins of Socialization Reconsidered. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1971, 42, 1057-1069. Discussions of socialization typically assume that if the socialization process has been successful, then natural behavioral dispositions of a child will have been dramatically altered. Evidence suggesting the contrary, based on 25 white middle-class infants from 9 to 12 months of age, is presented here. The earliest manifestation of obedience to appear was a simple disposition to comply with maternal commands and prohibitions, independent of efforts to train or discipline the baby. This early obedience was strongly related to the sensitivity of maternal responsiveness to infant signals, but not to frequency of commands or forcible interventions. A few of the brighter babies who had freedom to explore also displayed evidence of "internalized controls" even at this early age, and this too was related to the quality of maternal responsiveness. The findings are considered in the context of an ethological-evolutionary model of early social development.
Constructing conceptual trajectory maps to trace the development of research fields

This study proposes a new method to construct and trace the trajectory of conceptual development of a research field by combining main path analysis, citation analysis, and text‐mining techniques. Main path analysis, a method used commonly to trace the most critical path in a citation network, helps describe the developmental trajectory of a research field. This study extends the main path analysis method and applies text‐mining techniques in the new method, which reflects the trajectory of conceptual development in an academic research field more accurately than citation frequency, which represents only the articles examined. Articles can be merged based on similarity of concepts, and by merging concepts the history of a research field can be described more precisely. The new method was applied to the “h‐index” and “text mining” fields. The precision, recall, and F‐measures of the h‐index were 0.738, 0.652, and 0.658 and those of text‐mining were 0.501, 0.653, and 0.551, respectively. Last, this study not only establishes the conceptual trajectory map of a research field, but also recommends keywords that are more precise than those used currently by researchers. These precise keywords could enable researchers to gather related works more quickly than before.
Ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestatic liver disease: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic use revisited

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA) is increasingly used for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. Experimental evidence suggests three major mechanisms of action: (1) protection of cholangiocytes against cytotoxicity of hydrophobic bile acids, resulting from modulation of the composition of mixed phospholipid‐rich micelles, reduction of bile acid cytotoxicity of bile and, possibly, decrease of the concentration of hydrophobic bile acids in the cholangiocytes; (2) stimulation of hepatobiliary secretion, putatively via Ca2+‐ and protein kinase C‐α–dependent mechanisms and/or activation of p38MAPK and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (Erk) resulting in insertion of transporter molecules (e.g., bile salt export pump, BSEP, and conjugate export pump, MRP2) into the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte and, possibly, activation of inserted carriers; (3) protection of hepatocytes against bile acid–induced apoptosis, involving inhibition of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT), and possibly, stimulation of a survival pathway. In primary biliary cirrhosis, UDCA (13‐15 mg/kg/d) improves serum liver chemistries, may delay disease progression to severe fibrosis or cirrhosis, and may prolong transplant‐free survival. In primary sclerosing cholangitis, UDCA (13‐20 mg/kg/d) improves serum liver chemistries and surrogate markers of prognosis, but effects on disease progression must be further evaluated. Anticholestatic effects of UDCA have also been reported in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, liver disease of cystic fibrosis, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. Future efforts will focus on definition of additional clinical uses of UDCA, on optimized dosage regimens, as well as on further elucidation of mechanisms of action of UDCA at the molecular level.
Targeting paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: novel therapies currently in development

Modifications to the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children have led to a dramatic increase in survival in the past 40 years. Despite this success, a significant subset of paediatric leukaemia patients either relapse or fail to ever achieve a complete remission. Additionally, some patients necessitate treatment with intensified chemotherapy regimens due to clinical or laboratory findings which identify them as high risk. These patients are unlikely to respond to further minor adjustments to the dosing or timing of administration of the same chemotherapy medications. Many novel targeted therapies for the treatment of childhood ALL provide potential mechanisms to further improve cure rates, and provide the possibility of minimizing toxicity to non‐malignant cells, given their specificity to malignant cell phenotypes. This article explores many of the potential targeted therapies in varying stages of development, from those currently in clinical trials to those still being refined in the research laboratory.
Impact of the spatial user distribution on the coverage antenna pattern of Maximum Ratio Combining in Random Line-Of-Sight

In this paper we investigate the impact of the spatial user distribution on the Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) of the output signals from an ideal 4-port antenna. The antenna consists of four elementary Huygens sources operating in Random Line-Of-Sight (RLOS). The antenna is assumed to be wall-mounted. Two specific scenarios for the user distribution are considered, i.e., the 3D hemisphere and a rectangular prism emulating a corridor or a rectangular room. We present simulation results in terms of the cumulative distribution functions corresponding to the resulting polarisation and pattern diversity of 1-bitstream and the corresponding coverage radiation pattern of the 4-port antenna system. We also show that there is an antenna arrangement that maximizes the diversity gain that will be different for different spatial distributions of users.
Mentoring—A Staff Retention Tool

Staff retention presents a common challenge for hospitals nationwide. Mentorship programs have been explored as one method of creating environments that promote staff retention. Successful achievement of nurse competencies identified in the Synergy Model for Patient Care can best be achieved in an environment that encourages and facilitates mentoring. Mentoring relationships in critical care provide the ongoing interactions, coaching, teaching, and role modeling to facilitate nurses' progression along this continuum. Mentoring relationships offer support and professional development for nurses at all levels within an organization as well as an optimistic outlook for the nursing profession.
Storage Management in Virtual Tree Machines

Many parallel algorithms, particularly divide-and-conquer algorithms, may be structured as dynamic trees of tasks. In general, as parallelism increases, storage requirements also increase. A sequential program keeps storage requirements small by finishing one task (or procedure invocation) before going on to another, so that the entire task tree is never in existence at any one time. This corresponds to a depth-first expansion of a tree of tasks. On the other hand, a breadth-first expansion often produces a higher degree of parallelism, but also may produce an exponential growth in storage requirements. The resources (processors and memory) of a given system can be matched by alternating between depth-first and breadth-first expansion. The author's approach is to determine how much storage would have been available to a task in a sequential system, and to ensure that at least as much storage is available to the task when it is executed in a distributed system. >