Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of TaxPub, an NLM DTD extension for domain-specific markup in taxonomy, from the experience of a biodiversity publisher

TaxPub was created as an XML extension to the general JATS to provide domain-specific markup for prospective publishing in the area of biological systematics. The core idea of the schema is to delimit descriptions of taxa, or treatments, within an article and also several sub-elements within a treatment, and to use these individual portions of information for various purposes. TaxPub was developed in a close cooperation between the author (Terence Catapano), a community interested in such markup (Plazi), the NLM JATS group and a journal publisher (Pensoft). Since July 2009, TaxPub has been routinely implemented in the everyday publishing practice of Pensoft, to provide: (1) Semantically enhanced, domain-specific XML versions of articles for archiving in PubMedCentral (PMC); (2) Visualization of taxon treatments on PMC; (3) Export of taxon treatments to various aggregators, such as Encyclopedia of Life, Plazi Treatment Repository, and the Wiki Species-ID.net.
Matlab by Example: Programming Basics

MATLAB By Example guides the reader through each step of writing MATLAB programs. The book assumes no previous programming experience on the part of the reader, and uses multiple examples in clear language to introduce concepts and practical tools. Straightforward and detailed instructions allow beginners to learn and develop their MATLAB skills quickly. The book consists of ten chapters, discussing in detail the integrated development environment (IDE), scalars, vectors, arrays, adopting structured programming style using functions and recursive functions, control flow, debugging, profiling, and structures. A chapter also describes Symbolic Math Toolbox, teaching readers how to solve algebraic equations, differentiation, integration, differential equations, and Laplace and Fourier transforms. Containing hundreds of examples illustrated using screen shots, hundreds of exercises, and three projects, this book can be used to complement coursework or as a self-study book, and can be used as a textbook in universities, colleges and high schools.No programming experience necessary to learn MATLABExamples with screenshots and plentiful exercises throughout help make MATLAB easy to understandProjects enable readers to write long MATLAB programs, and take the first step toward being a professional MATLAB programmer
The relation between syntactic and prosodic parenthesis

It is a common assumption in previous research on parentheticals that syntactic and prosodic parentheses coincide such that strings that are parentheticals in the syntax are marked by certain defining prosodic characteristics in speech. Based on the analysis of a set of spontaneous British English speech data this paper shows that a one-to-one relation of this kind does not exist. Rather, there are a number of options for the prosodic realisation of syntactic parenthesis, including prototypical patterns along with various ways of prosodic integration. It follows from the results that the prediction made by prosodic theory that parentheticals form separate intonation domains is too strong in the light of actual spoken language data.
The quantitative analysis of the dynamics and structure of terminologies

1. Acknowledgements 2. Preface 3. Part I. Background 4. 1. The sphere of terminology 5. 2. The nature of terminological data 6. Part II. Distributional dynamics 7. 3. The mathematical framework and the status of data 8. 4. The dynamics of morphemes in terminologies 9. 5. Interpretative and epistemological examination 10. Part III. Tropistic structure 11. 6. Terminological structure and network representations 12. 7. The tropistic nature of terminologies 13. 8. The status of morphemes in terminological structures 14. Part IV. Conclusions 15. 9. Quantitative approaches to terminology in perspective 16. Bibliography 17. Author index 18. Subject index
The Hornbills: Bucerotiformes

List of colour plates. Abbreviations. Plan of the book. Topographic diagram. Part I: General Chapters. 1: The world of hornbills. 2: The design of hornbills. 3: Non-breeding behaviour and biology. 4: Breeding biology. 5: Relationships and evolution of hornbills. 6: Conservation. Part II: Species Accounts. Bibliography. Index
Wie Deutschschweizer Lernende die stimmhaften Obstruenten des Italienischen aussprechen

Im Gegensatz zum Italienischen gibt es in Deutschschweizer Dialekten keine stimmhaften Obstruenten, sondern (stimmlose) lenes, die sich von den (ebenfalls stimmlosen) fortes hauptsachlich in der Dauer unterscheiden. Aufgrund der gangigen Modelle der L2-Phonologie ist anzunehmen, dass Deutschschweizer Lernende stimmhafte Obstruenten des Italienischen an die lenes ihrer L1 ‘assimilieren’; eine kontrastive Analyse legt zudem nahe, dass dies bei /dz/, /dʒ/ und s+CVerbindungen besonders haufig der Fall sein konnte. Diese Hypothesen wurden im Wesentlichen durch eine akustische Analyse von 644 italienische Obstruenten bestatigt, die von 10 Zurcher Mittelschulern realisiert wurden. Dabei ergaben sich gewisse Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Sprechern, aber auch aufgrund der Faktoren ‘Konsonant’ und ‘Kontext’; letztere konnen z.T. anhand von Markiertheitsuberlegungen erklart werden.
KEBERKESANAN APLIKASI YOUTUBE DALAM PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN SAINS KEJURUTERAAN DI POLITEKNIK SEBERANG PERAI

Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan video youtube dalam meningkatkan pencapaian pelajar untuk topik kerja. tenaga dan kuasa bagiÂ kursus Sains Kejuruteraan Â di Politeknik Seberang Perai dengan menggunakan ujian pra dan ujian pos. Â Â Selain itu, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kesan positif Â keatas minat dan fokus pelajar di dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran sains kejuruteraan dengan menggunakan soalselidik. Responden kajian terdiri daripada 34 orangÂ pelajar semester satu sesi Dis 2016 program kejuruteraan dari Jabatan Mekanikal dan Jabatan Elektrik yang mengambil kursus DBS 1012 Sains Kejuruteraan di Politeknik Seberang Perai . Responden kajian telah dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan iaitu kumpulan eksperimen dan kumpulan kawalan.Kumpulan eksperimen melaksanakan sesi pembelajaran menggunakan Â video youtube manakala kumpulan kawalanÂ melaksanakan sesi Â pembelajaran secara tradisional â€ chalk and talkâ€. Data telah dianalisis menggunakn perisian IBM SPSS versi 22. Min skor ujian pra menunjukkan kedua-dua kumpulan mempunyai aras pengetahuan asas yang sama, namun min skor ujian pos menunjukkan aras kefahaman kumpulan eksperimen jauhÂ lebih tinggi berbanding Â kumpulan kawalan dengan perbezaan min skor sebanyak 52.57%. Analisa soalselidik mendapati majoriti responden kumpulan eksperimen bersetuju bahawa kaedah ini dapat menarik minat dan meningkatkan fokus Â mereka dalam pembelajaran sains kejuruteraan. Kesimpulannya, kaedah pembelajaran video youtube merupakan kaedah yang sesuai dan berkesan untuk meningkatkan kefahaman ,minat Â dan fokus pelajar yang mengambil kursus sains kejuruteraan dalam topik Kerja, Tenaga dan Kuasa.
Spoken language comprehension : an experimental approach to disordered and normal processing

Part 1 A psycholinguistic processing approach to the study of aphasia: processes and paradigms overview and summary of processing-profile experiments patient details, Part 2 The process of contacting form representations: phoneme-discrimination test recognizing words from fragments - morphologically simple words recognizing words from fragments - suffixed words word/non-word discrimination of suffixed words word/non-word discrimination of prefixed words. Part 3 Accessing lexical content: verb-argument structures. Part 4 Constructing higher-level representations: global sources of processing information local sources of processing information. Part 5 morphologically complex words in utterances: processing derived and inflected words in context inflectional morphemes as syntactic structural devices inflectional morphemes as anaphoric devices distortions at the end of morphologically simple words. Part 6 Conclusions: examples of processing profiles concluding comments. Appendices: description of control subjects notes on the word-monitoring task.
Modèles d’évolution et d’échanges entre langues : notes sur quelques débats récents concernant la famille ouralienne

Cet article concerne les modeles d’evolution des langues et leur application au cadre ouralien. Nous presentons dans un premier temps le modele le plus connu, a savoir le modele arborescent, si populaire aujourd’hui encore. Nous rappelons certaines limites de ce modele et examinons plusieurs propositions alternatives, visant a promouvoir la notion d’echanges « horizontaux » entre langues, c’est-a-dire des echanges multidirectionnels, faits d’emprunts et d’influences croisees entre langues en contact. Dans la seconde partie, nous nous interessons plus particulierement aux langues sames, pour lesquelles le modele genealogique classique sous forme d’arbre ne semble pas pertinent. Nous montrons que la prise en compte de differents types d’informations (lexicales, phonetiques, morphologiques) est necessaire et permet d’obtenir une modelisation a la fois plus complexe et plus exacte de la realite.
Towards the Multilingual Semantic Web: Principles, Methods and Applications

To date, the relation between multilingualism and the Semantic Web has not yet received enough attention in the research community. One major challenge for the Semantic Web community is to develop architectures, frameworks and systems that can help in overcoming national and language barriers, facilitating equal access to information produced in different cultures and languages. As such, this volume aims at documenting the state-of-the-art with regard to the vision of a Multilingual Semantic Web, in which semantic information will be accessible in and across multiple languages. The Multilingual Semantic Web as envisioned in this volume will support the following functionalities: (1) responding to information needs in any language with regard to semantically structured data available on the Semantic Web and Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud, (2) verbalizing and accessing semantically structured data, ontologies or other conceptualizations in multiple languages, (3) harmonizing, integrating, aggregating, comparing and repurposing semantically structured data across languages and (4) aligning and reconciling ontologies or other conceptualizations across languages. The volume is divided into three main sections: Principles, Methods and Applications. The section on Principles discusses models, architectures and methodologies that enrich the current Semantic Web architecture with features necessary to handle multiple languages. The section on Methods describes algorithms and approaches for solving key issues related to the construction of the Multilingual Semantic Web. The section on Applications describes the use of Multilingual Semantic Web based approaches in the context of several application domains. This volume is essential reading for all academic and industrial researchers who want to embark on this new research field at the intersection of various research topics, including the Semantic Web, Linked Data, natural language processing, computational linguistics, terminology and information retrieval. It will also be of great interest to practitioners who are interested in re-examining their existing infrastructure and methodologies for handling multiple languages in Web applications or information retrieval systems.
Fühl die Stadt – Methoden zur Erfassung subjektiver Wahrnehmung

Wie der Mensch urbane Raume wahrnimmt, ist vor allem im Hinblick auf die Akzeptanz der gebauten Umwelt durch BewohnerInnen eine grundlegende Forschungsfrage der Stadtplanung. Im Zeitalter digitaler Technologien, welche eine Vielzahl an Moglichkeiten zur Erfassung unterschiedlichster Messgrosen bieten, konnen nun die subjektiven Wahrnehmungen bzw. Emotionen von Menschen erfasst werden. Die Verschneidung der Disziplinen Raumplanung, Geoinformatik und Computerlinguistik forciert ein besseres Verstandnis, wie Menschen den (urbanen) Raum wahrnehmen und auf Umwelteinflusse reagieren. „Multi-Methoden-Ansatze“ gewinnen in diesem Zusammenhang an Relevanz; insbesondere dann, wenn im Sinne der Methodentriangulation sowohl technische Sensoren als objektive Methoden mit subjektiven Befragungen kombiniert werden. Im Rahmen von studentischen Projektarbeiten wurden die verschiedenen Methoden zur Erhebung der subjektiven Wahrnehmung mit Hilfe von Sensoren bzw. Wearables angewandt, getestet und anschliesend analysiert sowie bezuglich ihrer Anwendbarkeit verglichen. Zielstellung dieser Arbeiten war es, geeignete Methodensets zu entwickeln. Das Hauptaugenmerk lag auf der Analyse, welches Methodenset geeignet ist und wie die erhobenen Daten anschliesend in eine (virtuelle) Karte ubertragen werden konnen. Daruber hinaus wurde auch die Frage behandelt, wie diese Methoden in Planungsprozesse miteinbezogen werden konnen. Ein Fallbeispiel betrachtete die gefuhlte Sicherheit im Radverkehr in Abhangigkeit unterschiedlicher radinfrastrukturellen Gegebenheiten mittels verschiedener Sensoren. Zum anderen untersuchten die Studierenden, wie der Wiener Donaukanals von den NutzerInnen wahrgenommen wird, der in den letzten Jahren sowohl zum kommerzfreien Erholungsraum avancierte als auch kommerziell durch Gastronomie genutzt wird und unterschiedliche Teilraume mit verschiedenen stadtraumlichen Qualitaten aufweist
Identification of Transient Speech Using Wavelet Transforms

It is generally believed that abrupt stimulus changes, which in speech may be time-varying frequency edges associated with consonants, transitions between consonants and vowels and transitions within vowels are critical to the perception of speech by humans and for speech recognition by machines. Noise affects speech transitions more than it affects quasi-steady-state speech. I believe that identifying and selectively amplifying speech transitions may enhance the intelligibility of speech in noisy conditions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of wavelet transforms to identify speech transitions. Using wavelet transforms may be computationally efficient and allow for real-time applications. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT), stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and wavelet packets (WP) are evaluated. Wavelet analysis is combined with variable frame rate processing to improve the identification process. Variable frame rate can identify time segments when speech feature vectors are changing rapidly and when they are relatively stationary. Energy profiles for words, which show the energy in each node of a speech signal decomposed using wavelets, are used to identify nodes that include predominately transient information and nodes that include predominately quasi-steady-state information, and these are used to synthesize transient and quasi-steady-state speech components. These speech components are estimates of the tonal and nontonal speech components, which Yoo et al identified using time-varying band-pass filters. Comparison of spectra, a listening test and mean-squared-errors between the transient components synthesized using wavelets and Yoo's nontonal components indicated that wavelet packets identified the best estimates of Yoo's components. An algorithm that incorporates variable frame rate analysis into wavelet packet analysis is proposed. The development of this algorithm involves the processes of choosing a wavelet function and a decomposition level to be used. The algorithm itself has 4 steps: wavelet packet decomposition; classification of terminal nodes; incorporation of variable frame rate processing; synthesis of speech components. Combining wavelet analysis with variable frame rate analysis provides the best estimates of Yoo's speech components.
Evolving dynamic AI opponents for OpenTTD using Dynamic Scripting and Grammatical Evolution

The goal of this research is developing a dynamic AI for OpenTTD using Dynamic Scripting and Grammatical Evolution. First Grammatical Evolution was used to develop a rulebase for the Dynamic Scripting algorithm. Rules used in OpenTTD have to be able to be used in a wide range of circumstances, very different than other games this combination of Dynamic Scripting and Grammatical Evolution has been tried on. During this process we looked at the effects of grammar and genome structure on convergence. Restricting grammars by incorporating domain knowledge and splitting the genomes into separate parts was found to have a strong effect on convergence. Better programs generated by the Grammatical Evolution leads to a better rulebase. Using these programs we hand build a rulebase from the generated programs and tested a Dynamic Scripting algorithm. It was found to outperform the evolved programs and beat several hand coded AI’s.
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION ON ‘PATHETIC FAIRY TALE BY SAPTARASA

Lyrics of songs are almost similar to poetry, which distinguishes them from song lyrics that do not require deep diction to refer to majas or symbols. Therefore, many song lyrics revolve around the meaning of denotations and connotations. This happened in Saptarasa's Pathetic Fairy Tales song lyrics. This study aims to describe the meaning of denotation and connotation of research data sources, namely Saptarasa's Pathetic Fairy Tales song lyrics. The denotative in this work tells the story of the search for love and also the way of approach. The meaning of the connotation in this work tells us that ‘I’ lyrics cannot reach ‘angel’ and only see it.
The sounds of Spanish

1. Introduction 2. Variation in Spanish pronunciation 3. Consonants and vowels 4. Acoustic characterization of the main classes of Spanish speech sounds 5. The syllable 6. Main phonological processes 7. Vowels 8. Plosives 9. Fricatives and affricates 10. Nasals 11. Liquids (laterals and rhotics) 12. Main morphophonological alternations 13. Stress 14. Intonation Appendixes Glossary.
Faster Construction Projects with CPM Scheduling

Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Introduction PART 1: Keeping Your Eye on the Donut Chapter 1: The Allure of the Project Schedule Chapter 2: Understanding the Scheduling Theater Chapter 3: Why Our Schedules Disappoint Our Customers Chapter 4: The Changing Style of Project Management Part 2: Creating a Penchant for Change Chapter 5: The New Scheduling Practice Paradigm: Specializations, Positions, Deliverables, and Roles Chapter 6: Introduction to Dilemma Control Chapter 7: Introduction to Momentology Chapter 8: Recap of New Concepts and Terminology Chapter 9: Scheduling Practice and Faster Projects Part 3: Preserving Project Schedule Integrity Chapter 10: Anatomy of a Schedule Chapter 11: Working at Cross-Purposes Part 4: Execution Scheduling and Performance Control Chapter 12: Concerning Schedule Design Chapter 13: Concerning Schedule Development Chapter 14: Schedule Components Chapter 15: Performance Recording Chapter 16: Performance Control Part 5: Epilogue Chapter 17: Creating Schedules They'll Actually Want to Use! GLOSSARY INDEX
Questionbank: Computer Supported Self-Questioning

Self-questioning is a learning strategy that focuses on knowledge acquisition and concept comprehension by the learner generating questions. This paper describes the development of an internet-based application that supports selfquestioning, referred to as Questionbank, and presents a case study of its implementation, and an evaluation. The findings in this paper suggest that Questionbank is a very useful tool to support self-questioning, but that the system in itself is not sufficient to improve the learning experience of students. Additional instructional measures for this are suggested. Introduction Self-questioning Self-questioning is a learning strategy that focuses on knowledge acquisition and concept comprehension by the learner generating questions. An important theory in the discipline of cognitive psychology is that selfquestioning helps learners to link new information to existing information and – in doing so – actively engages students in developing their own mental models. According to Deshler and Schumacher (1988), the self-questioning technique is mostly applied to the learning of reading passages. However, in this paper we add that the technique should not necessarily be restricted to that kind of use. The self-questioning strategy can help students to: • improve their awareness and control their thinking, which in turn improves their performance; • improve long-term retention of knowledge and skills; • improve their ability to apply and transfer knowledge and skills; • improve attitude and motivation. To further enhance the self-questioning strategy, an internet-based application called Questionbank is being developed at the Digital University Consortium of the Netherlands. Questionbank allows instructors to set periodic assignments for students to submit multiple-choice questions in a database. When students have submitted a question, they can choose to answer questions that have been submitted by fellow students and comment on those questions; this results in a flexible formative assessment procedure. Instructors can also monitor all the questions in the database, modify questions, and comment on them.
Sensor Fusion for Navigation

This report describes a bachelor project which is a part of the electrical engineering education at Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The work is done from February to June 2007 and deals with autonomous robot navigation. To be more specific this thesis describes an approach to sensor fusion where the goal is to implement two or more different sensor types or sensor algorithms in a way such that a quality measure of each sensor reading is the foundation for deciding ”What is actually seen/sensed by the robot? ”. The project focuses on finding the boundaries of a traversable area on which the robot is able to navigate and a laser range finder is used in combination with a digital camera as the two sensors analyzed and used as examples. It is learned that a proper qualification of the sensors can be difficult especially for the used vision algorithm. Nevertheless three single scan features that can be used for the qualification are presented for both sensor types. When the two sensors agree on the location of a boundary the quality is further improved in a Bayesian sort of update and finally the best possible combination is found. Several promising results are presented but still some situations will be seen in which the sensor fusion does not provide reliable data. Thus, the identified weaknesses of the approach are described along with some suggestions for further improvements.
Análisis de flujo de control y código móvil seguro

La interacción entre sistemas de software por medio de código móvil es un método poderoso que permite instalar y ejecutar código dinámicamente. De este modo, un servidor puede proveer medios flexibles de acceso a sus recursos y servicios internos. Pero este método poderoso presenta un riesgo grave para la seguridad del receptor, ya que el código móvil puede utilizarse también con fines maliciosos. Seguridad basada en el Lenguaje Fuente es un conjunto de técnicas, basadas en lógicas formales y sistemas de tipos, desarrolladas para garantizar y demostrar estáticamente que el software posee ciertas cualidades. En particular, esta técnica se concentra en el análisis de cualidades cŕıticas, tales como seguridad de tipos y seguridad de memoria. Para que estas técnicas puedan ser aplicadas industrialmente es necesario llegar a una implementación eficiente, totalmente efectiva y que genere certificados (pruebas de seguridad) de tamaño reducido. En este trabajo se presenta evidencia que demuestra que la combinación de análisis estático de flujo de control y verificaciones dinámicas (siguiendo los lineamientos de Seguridad basada en el Lenguaje Fuente) puede constituir una aproximación que permita implementaciones eficientes que generen pruebas de tamaño lineal con respecto a la longitud del código de entrada.