Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes

Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D). We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT) and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 women were grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT test results. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intake determined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared with IGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independently of BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucose levels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT, and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes, low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences in other FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid are of particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAs regulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolism.
#pray4victims: Consistencies in Response to Disaster on Twitter

This paper studies commonalities in response across disasters in online social networks (OSNs), specifically Twitter. After presenting an algorithm for extracting vocabularies across disasters, we extract type-specific vocabularies for terrorist attacks, earthquakes, and climate-related disasters between 2012 and 2017. Disaster type drives vocabulary similarity: terrorism responses mention an "attack" and law enforcement, earthquake responses mention the quake and its magnitude, and climate-related responses include safety and requests for aid. Across disaster types, tweets regularly mention victims/affected and prayer, consistent with communal coping and social support in crisis aftermath. Using disaster-type vocabularies, we study Twitter as a proxy for severity, correlating casualties to frequencies in Twitter. These vocabularies better correlate with casualties than baseline crisis lexica, especially in western countries. Twitter response and casualties diverge at the maximum, and Twitter response is stronger in Western countries, suggesting perceived severity is driven by additional factors.
Multivariate Regression-Based Pan-Sharpening With Low Rank Regularization

Pan-sharpening is a fusion task of exploiting the spectral information in low resolution multispectral images (LRMS) with spatial information in a corresponding high resolution panchromatic image (PAN). Under the component substitution framework, a multivariate regression based fidelity term is presented to enforce high resolution spatial detail injection, while a low rank regularization term is proposed to capture intrinsic structures of latent high-resolution multispectral images (HRMS). To this end, a joint optimizing pan-sharpening model is proposed to establish a trade-off mechanism between the spatial detail injection and spectral-spatial preserving capacity. Finally, the Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier (ALM) method is used to develop a pan-sharpening algorithm. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher spatial and spectral resolution than several state-of-the-art methods.
Automatic Generation of Parallel Problem Solvers

Over the last ten years, there has been a significant change in computing. After reaching the physical limits in integrated circuit technology, Moore's law (predicting an exponential growth of computing capacity over the years) has been maintained thanks to the replication of computing components (i.e., parallelization). Current computers now incorporate multiple processors, which are themselves multi-core, and come with technologies to increase the parallel capabilities of processors, like the Intel hyper-threading technology that implements two logical processors per core. This is the architecture present not only in today's servers or workstations, but also in portable and mobile devices as laptops, tablets, or mobile phones. It is accepted that this trend towards more and more parallel architectures will be maintained in the coming years.
The Copernicus Programme and its Climate Change Service

This paper provides an overview of the European Union's Earth Observation Programme, Copernicus, dedicated at monitoring the planet Earth and its environment for the benefit of all European citizens. The Programme offers information services based on satellite Earth Observation, in situ (non-space), and modelling data. The paper focuses on one of the six Copernicus Services, the Copernicus Climate Change Service, which provides comprehensive climate information covering a wide range of components of the Earth-system (atmosphere, land, ocean, sea-ice and carbon), maximising the use of past, current and future earth observations (from in-situ and satellite observing systems) in conjunction with modelling, supercomputing and networking capabilities to produce a consistent, comprehensive and credible description of the past, current and future climate, via the generation of a large number of Essential Climate Variables (ECVs).
Azelnidipine Attenuates the Oxidative and NFκB Pathways in Amyloid-β-Stimulated Cerebral Endothelial Cells.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a condition depicting cerebrovascular accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), is a common pathological manifestation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the effects of Azelnidipine (ALP), a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker known for its treatment of hypertension, on oligomeric Aβ (oAβ)-induced calcium influx and its downstream pathway in immortalized mouse cerebral endothelial cells (bEND3). We found that ALP attenuated oAβ-induced calcium influx, superoxide anion production, and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). Both ALP and cPLA2 inhibitor, methylarachidonyl fluorophosphate (MAFP), suppressed oAβ-induced translocation of NFκB p65 subunit to nuclei, suggesting that cPLA2 activation and calcium influx are essential for oAβ-induced NFκB activation. In sum, our results suggest that calcium channel blocker could be a potential therapeutic strategy for suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in Aβ-stimulated microvasculature in AD.
Refining the Geometric Calibration of a Hiperspectral Frame Camera with Preliminary Bands Coregistration

Lightweight hyperspectral sensors carried by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are becoming powerful remote sensing tools for several applications, e.g., forestry and agriculture. Sequential frame acquisition by scanning the spectral bands with tunable Fabry-Pérot interferometer is one of the technologies suitable for these applications. The accurate coregistration of the individual bands, to produce a hypercube, or the bundle adjustment of all bands are still challenging tasks. Because of the geometry and internal optical components of this kind of camera, the interior orientation of the image bands requires more than one single set of parameters. An alternative that is assessed in this paper is to apply a preliminary 2D geometric transformation to coregister all bands, based on parameters estimated during the calibration process. This pre-processing avoids the use of several sets of interior orientation parameters simplifying the steps of computation of image orientation with bundle adjustment. Experiments with calibration in a close range calibration set up and with UAV-based aerial images are presented showing the effectiveness of this approach.
Patterns Among 754 Gamification Cases: Content Analysis for Gamification Development

Background Gamification is one of the techniques that applies game elements, such as game mechanics and dynamics, to a nongame context (eg, management, education, marketing, and health care). A variety of methodologies have been published for developing gamification. However, some of these are only usable by people with a certain level of gamification knowledge. People who do not have such knowledge face difficulty in using game mechanics and experiencing enjoyment. To ease their difficulties, a gamification methodology should provide directions for using game mechanics. Objective This study aimed at collecting global gamification cases and determining patterns or differences among the collected cases. Methods In total, 754 cases were collected based on 4F process elements, such as play type, playful user experience (PLEX)–based fun factors, and game mechanics. In addition, the collected cases were classified into 6 categories. From the data analysis, basic statistics and correlation analyses (Pearson and Kendall) were conducted. Results According to the analysis results in PLEX-based fun factors, challenge and completion fun factors formed a large proportion among the 6 categories. In the results of the game mechanics analysis, point, leaderboard, and progress accounted for a large proportion among the 6 categories. The results of the correlation analysis showed no difference or specific patterns in game mechanics (Pearson r>.8, Kendall τ>.5, P<.05) and PLEX-based fun factors (Pearson r>.8, Kendall τ>.7, P<.05). Conclusions On the basis of the statistical findings, this study suggests an appropriate number of PLEX-based fun factors and game mechanics. In addition, the results of this study should be used for people who do not have gamification knowledge and face difficulty using game mechanics and PLEX-based fun factors.
Forest Structure Parameter Estimation by Means of Multi-Baseline Pol-Insar Techniques: Status and Challenges

Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) is a SAR remote sensing discipline with unique and powerful applications related to the vertical structure of natural and man-made volume scatterers. The coherent combination of single- or multi-baseline interferograms acquired at different polarisations provides sensitivity to the vertical distribution of scattering processes and allows their characterisation by using the associated (volume) interferometric coherences [1]–[5].
Analysis of NsRCM in BiForSAR Imagery

As for the bistatic forward-looking synthetic aperture radar (BiForSAR) imaging, frequency-domain imaging algorithms integrated with autofocus is advisable to get a well focused BiForSAR image in the presence of uncompensated motion errors. Nevertheless, a severe drawback of the autofocus algorithms is that they are only capable of removing one-dimensional azimuth phase errors. In range direction, there exists nonsystematic range cell migration (NsRCM) originated from motion errors and RCM correction procedure in frequency domain imaging algorithms as well. In this paper, the causes of different NsRCM in BiForSAR imaging are analyzed, and the corresponding relationship between different NsRCM is deduced. Based on the analyses, we propose an autofocus NsRCM correction scheme for BiForSAR imagery using frequency domain imaging algorithms, being capable of eliminating the range-dependent NsRCM.
A 27-GHz Quad-Core CMOS Oscillator With No Mode Ambiguity

There is a lower bound on the size of a planar inductor below which significant <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-degradation occurs. While this bound can limit the absolute performance of an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> oscillator at any frequency, it is usually only encountered when designing at mm-wave and above. The classic way to mitigate the issue is through the use of NMOS-only and/or multi-core designs. Such techniques, however, are often not suitable for mm-wave commercialization; NMOS-only designs require thick-oxide devices, while multi-core designs need to be carefully controlled at startup to avoid unwanted oscillation modes. The circular geometry topology, first proposed in 2004, appears to overcome these issues, but, surprisingly, it has not yet been adapted to mm-wave frequencies. In this paper, we show how the topology is well suited to high-frequency applications. A quad-core 27-GHz <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> oscillator is presented that has a single high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode. The suppression of the three unwanted modes removes any mode ambiguity and enhances the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the wanted mode. The design is fully complementary and, so, is compatible with the use of high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> thin-oxide devices. The near mm-wave prototype achieves a figure of merit of 187 dBc/Hz and a tuning range of 26%. The measured phase noise is −110 dBc/Hz@1 MHz, which is among the lowest reported for a fully complementary near mm-wave design.
Comment on “Pre‐hospital emergency anaesthesia in awake hypotensive trauma patients: Beneficial or detrimental?” by Crewdson et al Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2018; 62: 504–14

Dear Editor, We want to express our appreciation of the article recently published by Crewdson et al entitled “Pre‐hospital emergency anaesthesia in awake hypotensive trauma patients: beneficial or detrimental? ” Even though it is a retrospective database review, the clinical value of the paper is significant. The data presented is in very much accordance with our prehospital and clinical experience. We are also convinced that prehospital emergency anaesthesia can be detrimental in awake or responsive shock patients without the signs of hypoxia, hypercapnia, or respiratory distress, and may subsequently worsen outcome. The negative haemodynamic side effects of artificial ventilation have been well known for more than 50 years and confirmed in multiple studies. Krismer et al demonstrated in an animal experiment that ventilation with positive end‐ expiratory pressure (PEEP) dramatically reduced survival in haemorrhagic shock. The physiological rationale of these findings is obvious. Increased intrathoracic pressure impedes venous backflow, diastolic preload, and subsequently cardiac output. The choice and dosage of anaesthetic drugs could further aggravate hypotension. Although the concept of hypotensive resuscitation is well accepted and clinically routine, the individual threshold of systolic blood pressure sufficient for vital organ perfusion remains unclear. In this regard, the patient's conscious level might be considered the best indicator for sufficient cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply of the brain. The military tactical combat casualty care guidelines recommend restricting fluid resuscitation unless an altered mental status in the absence of brain injury and/or a weak or absent radial pulse is observed. Moreover, airway management should generally be deferred until the Tactical Field Care phase. Preliminary findings from our Level 1 Trauma Center further fuel the discussion that prehospital anaesthesia can be spared in awake shock patients with a GCS Score ≥13 and a systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHG. We identified 32 patients matching the aforementioned criteria during the last years. After exclusion of four cases with nonsurvivable injuries, all patients (N = 28) survived when prehospital emergency anaesthesia was induced (N = 14) or postponed until ER admission (N = 14). In conclusion, the efficacy of prehospital emergency care is strongly determined by the competence of the rescue personnel to individualize emergency care. Individualization of care ensures that a range of options is available to the sickest patients. To postpone the induction of emergency anaesthesia is an option in awake shock patients and should be considered as discussed by Crewdson et al.
Passage of Borrelia burgdorferi through diverse Ixodid hard ticks causes distinct diseases: Lyme borreliosis and Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome

Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome is an emerging, tick-borne, infectious disease recently discovered in Brazil. This syndrome is similar to Lyme disease, which is common in the United States of America, Europe and Asia; however, Brazilian borreliosis diverges from the disease observed in the Northern Hemisphere in its epidemiological, microbiological, laboratory and clinical characteristics. Polymerase chain reaction procedures showed that Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome is caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto spirochete. This bacterium has not yet been isolated or cultured in adequate culture media. In Brazil, this zoonosis is transmitted to humans through the bite of Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus genera ticks; these vectors do not belong to the usual Lyme disease transmitters, which are members of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi to Brazilian vectors and reservoirs probably originated from spirochetes with atypical morphologies (cysts or cell-wall-deficient bacteria) exhibiting genetic adjustments, such as gene suppression. These particularities could explain the protracted survival of these bacteria in hosts, beyond the induction of a weak immune response and the emergence of serious reactive symptoms. The aim of the present report is to note differences between Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome and Lyme disease, to help health professionals recognize this exotic and neglected zoonosis.
'Spectrum': Spectral Analysis in Python

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Semi-Supervised Classification of Hyperspectral Data for Geologic Body Based on Generative Adversarial Networks at Tianshan Area

Hyperspectral remote sensing data contains near continuous spectral information of the object, which is very suitable for mineral classification and geologic body mapping. However, the collecting of a lot of labeled hyperspectral data is expensive, time-consuming and labor-intensive. We choose a semi-supervised method to classify hyperspectral data based on a generative adversarial nertwork (GAN), just use a small amount of labeled data, named HSGAN. The GAN is made up of a generator and a discriminator, and the generator generates data similar to the real data so that the discriminator cannot tell if it is real data or generated data. We designed a one-dimensional GAN to extract spectral features from hyperspectral data. Using this method, we test the Tianshan hyperspectral data and use the actual geological map as the ground-truth produced by us. We find that HSGAN still achieves better results than the traditional CNN and SVM.
Anew Pansharpening Method with Multi-Scale Structure Perception

The remote sensing images provided by satellites usually contain complex earth objects with different scales. In the fusion of such images, most of the existing filtering-based pansharpening methods often suffer from spectral and/or spatial information distortions due to the inaccuracy of the detail extraction. Motivated by this, we propose an effective and straightforward multi-scale structure perception pansharpening method, which uses the structure-preserving filter with great structure-aware ability to progressively perceive the structures and accurately extract the details. The experiment is carried out on GeoEye-1 satellite images. Visual and objective analysis show that our method can produce high-quality pansharpened results and outperform some existing methods.
A Comparison of Preschoolers’ Physical Activity Indoors versus Outdoors at Child Care

The aims of this study were to quantify and examine differences in preschoolers’ indoor and outdoor sedentary time and physical activity intensity at child care using GPS devices and accelerometers. We conducted an observational study of 46 children (mean age 4.5 years, 30 boys, 16 girls) from five child care centers who wore accelerometers and GPS devices around their waists for five days during regular child care hours. GPS signal-to-noise ratios were used to determine indoor vs. outdoor location. Accelerometer data were categorized by activity intensity. Children spent, on average, 24% of child care time outdoors (range 12–37% by site), averaging 74 min daily outdoors (range 30–119 min), with 54% of children spending ≥60 min/day outdoors. Mean accelerometer activity counts were more than twice as high outdoors compared to indoors (345 (95) vs. 159 (38), (p < 0.001)), for girls and boys. Children were significantly less sedentary (51% of time vs. 75%) and engaging in more light (18% vs. 13%) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) (31% vs. 12%) activity when outdoors compared to indoors (p < 0.001). To achieve a minute of MVPA, a preschooler needed to spend 9.1 min indoors vs. 3.8 min outdoors. Every additional 10 min outdoors each day was associated with a 2.9 min increase in MVPA (2.7 min for girls, 3.0 min for boys). Preschool-age children are twice as active and less sedentary when outdoors compared to indoors in child care settings. To help preschoolers achieve MVPA recommendations and likely attain other benefits, one strategy is to increase the amount of time they spend outdoors and further study how best to structure it.
Nurse Schedule Evaluation through Simulation with integrated Rescheduling

Nurse scheduling is a complex planning task in which many constraints, e.g. meeting the required demand or considering employees’ satisfaction, are considered. However, employee absences due to uncertain events require rescheduling of former planned optimal schedules, which is often impossible without exceeding some of previous assumed limitations. Within this paper, we evaluate the ability of planned schedules to react to changes during the planning horizon. We present a discrete event-driven simulation system to emulate shifts and assignment of nurses and include real-world data schedules as well as different rescheduling strategies, which address staff shortage. To gain insights in the schedules’ practicability, their effects regarding employee satisfaction, extra hours and additional costs are evaluated. First numerical experiments show that it is hard to find any substitution in case of an unforeseen absence. Thus, rescheduling with constraint relaxation generates significantly better results regarding the use of temporary staff and costs.