Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aspergillus flavus on lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in midgut tissue of Spodoptera litura larvae

Abstract In the present study, effect of Aspergillus flavus was analysed on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in midgut of Spodoptera litura. Fungus was administered to the larvae of S. litura using artificial diet method having 1.34 mg/mL (LC50) concentration. The fungus toxicity was observed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post treatment in the midgut tissue of insect larvae by examining lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and activities of antioxidant enzymes viz superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as oxidative stress markers. Additionally, repair of the damage caused due to fungal treatment was also assessed to decipher the longevity of effect by giving control diet to the exposed larvae for two days after particular time exposure using same parameters. In particular, significant (p ≤ 0.05) increased level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities was observed in all exposure time groups with respect to control which showed that midgut of exposed larvae has oxidative predominance. Repair studies demonstrated the negligible repair in insect larvae. In conclusion, A. flavus contributed to strong oxidative stress and toxicity in S. litura larvae.
Efek Ekstrak Hipofisa Sapi terhadap Pertambahan Bobot dan Umur Pubertas Mencit Betina (Mus musculus)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak hipofisa sapi terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan umur pubertas mencit betina. Materi penelitian adalah mencit betina strain swiss webster yang berumur 21 hari, sebanyak 48 ekor dengan kisaran berat badan (BB) 11-13 gram (±12 gram). Rancangan percobaan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 12 ulangan yaitu penyuntikan ekstrak hipofisis dengan dosis 0 mg/g BB (P0, kontrol); 0,05 mg/g BB (P1); 0,10 mg/g BB (P2); 0,15 mg/g BB (P3). Penyuntikan dilakukan dua kali seminggu sejak umur lepas sapih hingga pubertas, secara intraperitoneal. Data pertambahan bobot badan dan umur pubertas dianalis dengan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak hipofisa berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap PBB dan umur pubertas mencit betina. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyuntikan esktrak hipofisa sapi dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan dan mempercepat umur pubertas mencit betina, dengan dosis ekstrak hipofisa terbaik adalah 0,15 mg/g bobot badan.
Cell proliferation and metal accumulation in the subventricular zone and olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease

iii Acknowledgements . v Table of contents . vii List of figures . xv List of tables . xix List of abbreviations . xxi 1 Literature review . 1 1.1 Parkinson’s disease . 1 1.1.1 Symptomatology . 2 Motor symptoms . 2 1.1.1.1 Nonmotor symptoms . 3 1.1.1.2 1.1.2 Pathological features . 5 1.1. 3 Olfactory vector hypothesis . 6 Olfactory bulb anatomy . 7 1.1. 3.1 1.1. 4 Disease mechanisms . 8 Mitochondrial dysfunction . 8 1.1. 4.1 Oxidative stress . 9 1.1. 4.2 Proteasomal and lysosomal dysfunction . 10 1.1. 4.3 1.1. 5 Risk factors . 10 Genetic risk factors . 11 1.1. 5.1 Environmental risk factors . 12 1.1. 5.2 1.1. 5.2. 1 Iron . 13 1.1. 5.2. 2 Zinc . 13 1.1. 5.2. 3 Copper . 14 1.1. 5.2. 4 Manganese . 14
Influenza Virus-specific CD8+ T Cells : -longevity, cross-reactivity and viral evasion-

markdownabstractInfluenza viruses are among the leading causes of acute respiratory tract infections worldwide. Natural influenza virus infections elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. Although, neutralizing antibodies directed to the hemagglutinin (HA) globular head domain prevent reinfection with the same influenza virus they exert limited/no cross-reactivity with antigenically drifted variants or influenza viruses of different strains, it is therefore of interest to identify other correlates of protection. Cellular immunity, especially influenza virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), contribute to rapid clearance of influenza virus infections and thereby reduce viral shedding. Influenza virus-specific CTLs, elicited after seasonal influenza virus infections, are mainly directed to conserved internal proteins. In this dissertation we were able to demonstrate the cross-reactivity of seasonal influenza virus-specific CTLs with the novel and potentially pandemic A/H7N9 virus and between different lineages of influenza B viruses. Furthermore, using an unique PBMC donor cohort we were able to assess the longevity of these cells in healthy individuals. In addition, we were able to demonstrate that human influenza A viruses can impair the recognition of the HLA-A*0201 restricted and highly conserved M158-66 epitope by specific CTLs by variations in the extra-epitopic amino acids. This CTL evasion strategy may have implications for the viral replication kinetics in HLA-A*0201 individuals and thus the spread of influenza A viruses in the human population. Finally, we describe a novel adjuvant, G3/DT, that improves the immunogenicity of a standard inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine in terms of enhancing the antibody response and inducing a protective CTL response.
Giardiasis: Livestock and Companion Animals

Giardia spp. are flagellates that are found in the intestinal tract of humans and domestic and wildlife animals, including birds and amphibians, worldwide. The genus Giardia comprises several species which are morphologically similar. Giardia infections have been reported widely in livestock and companion animals with varying prevalence in different parts of the world. Giardiasis, the disease cause by Giardia , may result in numerous episodes of diarrhoea, especially in young animals, which in turn adversely affect production resulting in economic loses. The affected animals may also act as a source of zoonotic infections. Evidence of infection in both animals and humans of Giardia duodenalis especially of assemblage A and B has firmly established giardiasis as a zoonotic disease. The zoonotic assemblage A and B have been reported in livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs) and companion animals (dogs, cats, horses). However, ques - tions regarding the direct transmission of Giardia from domestic animals to humans still need to be explored. Appropriate prevention and control measures are cardinal in pre - venting both animal and human infections. This chapter discusses G. duodenalis infec tion and the disease including treatment options in livestock and companion animals.
Challenges for work–life balance during COVID-19 induced nationwide lockdown: exploring gender difference in emotional exhaustion in the Indian setting

Purpose: This paper aims to attempt to explore the nature of relationship between work–life balance and emotional exhaustion experienced by the employed individuals while working from home during the pandemic COVID-19 induced nationwide lockdown in the Indian setting Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 180 working professionals in North India who were working from home during the lockdown PROCESS macro developed for SPSS was used to test the hypotheses Findings: Findings depicted that in comparison to men, women felt more emotional exhaustion due to personal life interference in work during work from home period Surprisingly, the relationship between work interference with personal life, and emotional exhaustion did not differ by gender It was found that the participative leadership could contribute to reduction of work interference with personal life, and through such an influence, emotional exhaustion experienced by an employee could be reduced to some extent Originality/value: Many previous studies have explored the nature of the relationship between work–life balance and emotional exhaustion, but rarely any study could cover any Pandemic affected working scenario This study attempted to investigate such a relationship when employees were obligated to mandatorily work from home during the countrywide lockdown © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited
Phytochemical, Histochemical, and Antibacterial Screening of Chenopodium anthelminticum L.

ABSTRACT The phytochemical, histochemical, and antibacterial properties of Chenopodium anthelminticum were determined. The stem and leaf extracts of C. anthelminticum had alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinone, which was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and histochemical analysis. The stem and leaf extracts at 1-mg concentration inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi comparable to the standard streptomycin. The highest zone of inhibition by methanol leaf extract was observed against S. typhi (19.56 mm), followed by S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli.
Mexican priority bamboo species under scenarios of climate change

Background : Worldwide only 45 bamboo species are considered economically important. Guadua inermis and Otatea acuminata are two bamboo species that are economically important in different areas of Mexico. Question : How climate change is affecting the distribution of these species and where are the priority areas that should be considered for conservation refuges. Studied species/ Data description : We consider Guadua inermis and Otatea acuminata , both endemic to Mexico, as potentially economic priority species. Both are used in rural communities for different purposes. Both inhabit tropical sub-deciduous, deciduous and dry oak forests, and are extracted exclusively from wild populations. Study site and years of study : Mexico and Central America. Data considered have different temporality depending on the source of collections and databases; localities were recorded until 2015. Methods : The potential geographic distributions of Guadua inermis and Otatea acuminata were modeled to investigate the possible effects of climate change under different scenarios and to identify their potential future distributions and potential plantation management. Results : Our results showed a likely reduction of the current potential distributions when both species are projected into future scenarios of climate change. G. inermis will lose between 9.5 and 42.3 % of its current distribution under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 respectively. Meanwhile, O. acuminata would lose between 14.2 and 22.3 % of its current distribution under the same climate scenarios. Conclusions : Fortunately, even with the potential loss of geographic distribution, both species are likely to remain in some suitable areas where the species will grow and could be used with appropriate management.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF HONEY SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM THE THREE SENATORIAL DISTRICTS OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA

Honey, the unique, natural, liquid sweetening agent is produced by honey bees from the nectar of plants or from honeydew. Honey is also known to have many medicinal applications including antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The composition of honey may vary due to geographical location, environmental and climatic conditions, plant species, as well as the methods employed during collection and storage of the honey. Honey contains different types of proteins, hormones, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, yeast, as well as organic acids, and principally sugars. This study was conducted in order to analyze and compare the mineral contents of the honey samples collected at the three senatorial districts of Kano state, with three honey samples collected from two local governments each from the three Senatorial Districts of Kano State, Nigeria. The mineral compositions of all the honey samples were determined using flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All the honey samples analyzed were found to be rich in K (247.49 to 251.73 µg/g); Na (137.16 to 147.53 µg/g); Ca (188.57 to 221.32 µg/g); Mg (76.49 to 78.83 µg/g) and Zn (31.15 to 48.92 µg/g), while Fe (6.84 to 14.27 µg/g); Mn (0.08 to 0.13 µg/g); Cu (0.12 to 0.25 µg/g); Ni (0.98 to 1.27 µg/g) and Pb (not detectable to 0.0002 µg/g) were found in smaller concentrations, The mineral compositions of all the honey samples were found to meet the international honey standards, and are therefore suitable for human consumption.
IQGAP1 mediates the structure and dynamics of a novel multi-vesicular compartment

IQGAP1 mediates the structure and dynamics of a novel multivesicular compartment by Edward Samson IQGAP1 is a master cytoskeletal regulatory protein that connects extracellular signaling to changes in cell polarity, motility, and adhesion with adjacent cells. IQGAP1 achieves these fundamental outcomes by acting as a scaffolding protein that coordinates a wide variety of signaling cascades in a highly spatially-dependent manner. This dissertation details the use of multiple imaging modalities to characterize localized, highly-dynamic IQGAP1-related processes in epithelial MCF-10A cells. This led to the discovery of a novel multi-vesicular compartment that is surrounded by an outer layer of IQGAP1-associated actin filaments. Further studies showed that this compartment participated in the internalization of cell-cell adhesion proteins via endocytic and recycling pathways. Live-cell imaging studies were conducted to correlate local cytoskeletal remodeling of this outer layer to various dynamic behaviors of the multivesicular core. These studies showed that IQGAP1 negatively correlated with actin polymerization during compartment formation and stabilization. During this time, high frequency actin assembly appeared to be constrained by a negative feedback mechanism. In contrast, IQGAP1 dissociation from the compartment’s surface was followed by a rapid, non-linear increase in actin polymerization that coincided with compartment disassembly and the release of multiple, high-motile intraluminal vesicles. Taken
WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF RICE AND SOYBEAN UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION WITH MULCH IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN

Water saving was and remains an acute problem in places with water scarcity and inaccessibility. In order to solve this problem, drip irrigation started to be used in many countries, and for the first time, in Kazakhstan, there were used cultures that consume water sufficiently in large quantities such as rice and soybean. Ways of irrigation have significant effect on elements of structure of a rice and soybean crop. Drip irrigation with a two-row tape way of crops forms essentially distinct structure of a rice crop in comparison with usual technology of cultivation of rice and soybean. Rice (Оryza sativa L.) and soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) crops were grown in 2013-2016 to determine effect of drip irrigation in the different variants water levels on growth and productivity under conditions of the south-east of Kazakhstan. In result of three years of researches on studying of rice and soybean drip irrigation efficiency were made the following conclusions: Drip irrigation (Di) with application of the mulching film promotes emergence of early and amicable shoots of rice and soybean, intensive growth and development of plants, productivity increase. Drip irrigation with use of the mulching film at 8-10 times reduces a contamination of crops of rice that allows to exclude application of manual use, mechanical and chemical processing of crops. Use of the mulching film under rice drip irrigation promotes creation of the favorable nitric mode of the soil with big accumulation of ammoniac and nitrate nitrogen and mobilization of motile phosphorus. The best way of rice crops under drip irrigation is 2-row tape crops with distance between tapes of 70 cm and a row-spacing in a tape of 30 cm. At the same time the drip tape keeps within row-spacings in a tape. Comparison of the productivity of soybean varieties showed that productivity in variants with mulch far exceeded variants without mulching.
Nanosatellite electrical power system architectures: Models, simulations, and tests

The paper presents an analysis based on circuit modeling, simulations, and tests of the four most adopted nanosatellite electrical power system architectures. A hardware‐in‐the‐loop test strategy with a solar irradiation emulator is implemented in order to evaluate the EPS architectures efficiency. A three‐orbit experiment shows that operating the solar panels on their maximum power point does not necessarily lead to higher overall efficiency when compared with a circuit topology without an active control over the solar panels.
Glaucoma in diabetic patients and the need for further research

Patients with diabetes are at risk of different eye complications; mainly retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most devastating complications and results in vision loss. The disease is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Patients with diabetes are also at risk of developing cataract, uveitis, and glaucoma. Pathophysiologic changes of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma and theories for the association
Knowing What Others Think and Feel: Empathic Accuracy Across Adulthood

Empathic accuracy is the ability to infer another person's inner states. While early findings suggested older adults to be less empathically accurate on average than younger individuals, the context dependency of such age differences was emphasized more recently. Comparable empathic accuracy was observed in older and younger empathizers when conversational topics were positive or personally relevant or when empathic judgments were solely based on prior knowledge of the target. Motivational and cognitive mechanisms are assumed to underlie this context-dependent pattern of findings. A refined future understanding of the sources of variation in empathic skills within and across age groups will require unraveling the contributions of the empathizer, the target person, and their relationship. Moreover, improved insights into the implications of empathic skills in various phases of adulthood, including older adults’ social functioning and health, will require joint consideration of cognitive and affective components of empathy and their accompanying physiological processes.
Trichoderma harzianum (Th Azad): A Promising Bio-control Agent Against Lentil Wilt

Biological control is an eco-friendly approach for the management of crop diseases. Trichoderma isolate ( Th azad), isolated from field soil is a new potential local isolate identified as Trichoderma harzianum. Trichoderma isolate ( Th Azad) was tested against lentil wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) for it’s abiotic stress tolerance and its antagonistic potential both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Th. Azad effectively inhibited the growth of Fol (69.23%) under i n vitro and field conditions against the seven seed quality attributes viz . germination, shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index I and vigour index II. Treatment ( Th Azad+Vitavax) was found to be significantly superior and effective as it has increased germination of lentil by 8.26% over control. Trichoderma isolate ( Th Azad) was identified by morphological and molecular characterization using 18S rRNA gene sequence with the help of a universal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) marker that gives an amplicon of a total of 1173 base pairs that is later sequenced and allotted with Gene Bank Accession no. JX119211. So, Th Azad is a potential abiotic stress tolerant isolate and can be used for effective management of wilt disease with quality yield of lentil crop when applied as seed dresser at a concentration of 5 g kg -1 under field conditions.
Cedreloxylon Cristalliferum, A New Record of Angiosperm Wood of Pliocene Age from Yunnan, China

INTRODUCTIONThere are various reports of numerous fossil gymnosperm woods and occasional angio-sperm woods from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments in China. So far, 24 species belonging to 21 genera and 14 families of Cenozoic angiosperm woods were described from Hubei, Shandong, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi Provinces, and Beijing (Table 1). Here we report on Cedreloxylon cristalliferum, a new record of angiosperm wood of Pliocene age collected from the Earth Forest near Xinhua (25° 44.58' N, 101° 40.31' E) and Wanpu (25° 51.39' N, 101° 48.54' E) villages, Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan Prov-ince, SW China. The Yuanmou Basin of Yunnan, SW China is a famous site for discoveries of ho-minids and hominoids, and is filled with a thick series of Late Tertiary and Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine sediments, which have been covered by erosion into a badland topog-raphy where plant fossils are found. The Earth Forest in Yuanmou mainly consists of fluvio-lacustrine rocks aged from Pliocene to Pleistocene (Qian & Ling 1989). The sedi-ments of Wanpu Earth Forest containing sandstone and clay belong to the lower part of the Yuanmou Formation (Pu & Qian 1977), a Late Pliocene equivalent of the Sha-gou Formation (Zhang et al. 1994), while those of Xinhua Earth Forest consisting of lacustrine sandstone and clay are Pliocene in age (Qian & Ling 1989). The slides for cross, tangential and radial sections of wood samples were prepared by the standard methods of cutting, grinding and polishing using the different grades of carborundum powder (Lacey 1963). Both specimens and slides were deposited in the National Museum of Plant History, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Anatomical terms used in this paper follow the recommendations of the IAWA list of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification (IAWA Committee 1989). Wood identification was based on Anatomy of the Dicotyledons (Metcalfe & Chalk 1950), Chinese woods (Cheng et al. 1992) and the ʻInside Woodʼ database (http://insidewood.lib.ncsu.edu/search/).
Sexual Differentiation, Gonadal Development, and Development of the External Genitalia

The development of one’s sex comprises ‘sex determination’ – the development of the undifferentiated gonad into testis or ovaries during embryogenesis, followed by ‘sex differentiation’ – the determination of phenotypic sex induced by factors produced by the differentiated gonad. This chapter will highlight the molecular mechanisms underpinning these two processes. During the first 2 weeks of human embryonic development, the only difference between XX and XY embryos is their karyotype. At the two‐cell stage of the XX zygote, X chromosome inactivation occurs, enabling males and females to have equal transcript levels from the X chromosome (Huynh and Lee 2001). In developing germ cells, the X is reactivated in the female, so both X chromosomes contribute to oogenesis (Sugimoto and Abe 2007).