Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Growth of the Coxeter Transformations of Derived-Hereditary Algebras

Let A be an algebra derived equivalent to a herditary algebra of wild type and let ρ(ϕ A ) be the spectral radius of the Coxeter transformation ϕ A of A. Assume that A = B(M ) is a one-point extension of an algebra B by an indecomposable module M. We find conditions for ρ(ϕ B ) ≤ ρ(ϕ A ). Mathematics Subject Classification: 16G60, 18E30, 16E20
The Foreign-Income and Real-Exchange-Rate Elasticities of Bangladesh Exports

Bangladesh began implementing trade-reform policies in the mid 1980s, leading to a gradual change in its anti-export-policy. Since then the share of exports in her GDP has been rising steadily with the economy growing at about 5 percent per annum. This growth is associated with structural change in the country’s export composition favouring non-traditional exports, namely garments and frozen foods. This paper specifies and estimates an aggregate export-demand function; deploys Pesaran’s bounds-testing approach to estimate export-elasticities of foreign income and the exchange rate; and tests for the stability of the estimated function. The empirical results, based on annual data for the period 1973–2010, suggest a long-run relationship between real exports and export-weighted foreign real income. Similarly, real exports and the real effective exchange rate of the taka are found to be related. Finally, the results suggest that the dynamic behaviour of exports possesses an error-correction representation. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests suggest no significant instability in the export-demand function. However, the recursive and rolling-regression coefficients indicate that the export-demand function has undergone some structural change since the early 1990s. This is reflected in the decreasing sensitivity of real exports vis a vis the exchange rate.
Rethinking Irish cluster policy

For almost thirty years the cluster concept and cluster policy have retained strong traction across both academic and policymaking circles. In this paper we select issues of current relevance, particularly for policymaking, from contexts of the evolution of understanding of the concept, the experience of implementing policy and ongoing research. The next section sets out key features of the cluster concept from its roots in Porter’s work (1990, 1998) and in well-worn considerations relating to agglomeration and innovation. Cluster policy experience is examined in the following section, in relation both to the Irish case and to international, mainly European, approaches and experience. For Ireland, a lack of an agreed, consistent or clear definition of cluster is revealed across policy documents and practice. The import ance of amplifying connectivity between cluster members is considered fundamental to future cluster performance across regional and sectoral boundaries. This is increasingly important for innovation imperatives. The next section argues that to close the gap between government commitment to revising Irish cluster policy on the one hand and its
Characterization of a chestnut FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologous gene

The FLORICAULA/LEAFY (FLO/LFY) homologues' genes are necessary for normal flower development and play a key role in diverse angiosperm species. In this paper, an orthologue of FLORICAULA/LEAFY, CmLFY (chestnut FLO/LFY), was isolated from the inflorescence of chestnut trees. Its expression was detected in various tissues. Furthermore, the flowering effectiveness of the gene was assessed with transgenic Arabidopsis. CmLFY protein showed a high degree of similarity to PEAFLO (78%), which is a homologue of FLO/LFY from pea. RT-PCR analysis showed that, CmLFY expressed at high levels in inflorescences, but not in young leaves, fruits or stems. The transgenic Arabidopsis with over-expressed CmLFY showed accelerated flowering, which supports that CmLFY encodes a functional orthologue of the FLORICAULA/LEAFY genes of angiosperms despite its sequence divergence. These results suggest that CmLFY is involved in inflorescence development in chestnut.
Hepatotoxicity: A Drug-Induced Cholestatic Pattern

Received: 30-01-15 Accepted: 26-01-16 Abstract Although drug induced liver disease is a rare condition, it explains 40% to 50% of all cases of acute liver failure. In 20% to 40% of the cases, the pattern is cholestatic and is caused by inhibition of the transporters that regulate bile synthesis. This reduction in activity is directly or indirectly mediated by drugs and their metabolites and/or by genetic polymorphisms and other risk factors of the patient. Its manifestations range from biochemical alterations in the absence of symptoms to acute liver failure and chronic liver damage. Although there is no absolute test or marker for diagnosis of this disease, scales and algorithms have been developed to assess the likelihood of cholestatic drug induced liver disease. Other types of evidence are not routinely used because of their complexity and cost. Diagnosis is primarily based on exclusion using circumstantial evidence. Cholestatic drug induced liver disease has better overall survival rates than other patters, but there are higher risks of developing chronic liver disease. In most cases, the patient’s condition improves when the drug responsible for the damage is removed. Hemodialysis and transplantation should be considered only for selected cases. The effectiveness of other therapies is unproven. This article will delve into the pathophysiology, biochemistry, and histopathology and the clinical presentation of the disease and will discuss diagnosis, management and prognosis of this type of cholestasis.
Project Supervision Model of PPP Based on the Effect of the Market Mechanism

On the analysis of the current situation and problems of the PPP supervision, it can be stated briefly that the PPP project supervision has problems such as the lack of supervision legal system, the unreasonable set of regulators and the vacancy of regulation subjects; different models including the American model-"direct participation"、the German model-"indirect supervision" and the British and French model-"laissez-faire" are summarized based on analysis of the experience of project supervision in the developed countries; The effect of the market mechanism in the PPP project supervision is discussed, and the PPP project supervision model is classified and discussed according to the effect degree of the market mechanism, furthermore, the supervision model involved by many roles including the government、 market forces and the public is put forward.
Autoregressive Conditional Tail Behavior and Results on Government Bond Yield Spreads

Previous evidence in empirical finance indicates the potential usefulness of modeling time-variation particularly in the tails of speculative return distributions. Based on results from extreme value theory, the present paper proposes a fixed changepoint Pareto-type autoregressive conditional tail model. Regression-based parameter estimation of the unobservable time-varying tail index is carried out via classical Kalman filtering. A model application highlights the tail index dynamics for daily changes in Government bond yield spreads between the US-Dollar and the Euro zone.
Conditional Portfolio Choice in the U.S. Bond Market: The Role of Liquidity

In this paper, I estimate the non-parametric optimal bond portfolio choice of a representative agent that acts optimally with respect to his/her expected utility one period forward, provided that he/she observes the ex ante liquidity signal. Using daily observations of zero-coupon Treasury and TIPS bonds yields, I construct equally-weighted returns from 2004- 2012. Considering alternative measures of liquidity, I find that the liquidity differential between nominal and TIPS bonds appears to be a significant determinant of the portfolio allocation to U.S. government bonds. In fact, conditional allocations in risky assets decrease as market liquidity conditions worsen, and the effect of market liquidity decreases with the investment horizon. I also find that the bond return predictability translates into improved in-sample and out-of-sample asset allocation and performance.
Optimizing CNC Turning Process Using Real Coded Genetic Algorithm and Differential Evolution

This paper proposes the applications of non-traditional stochastic optimization techniques as real coded genetic algorithm namely ”LXPM” and Differential Evolution(DE) for determination of optimal machining conditions for turning process on Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machines. The problem, discussed in the present study comprises several nonlinear constraints with an optimum criteria based on minimizing total production time that affects the production rate as well. The various constraints arise due to restricted machining features and are imposed on cutting force, power, tool-chip interface temperature and surface. The determination of optimal cutting parameters has significant importance for economic machining and plays an important role in reducing machining errors as tool breakage, tool wear, tool chatter etc. as well. The performances of employed heuristics are compared with several other optimization methods available in literature. The computational results demonstrate convincingly, the reliability and efficiency of considered methods for predicting optimal machining conditions for achieving the desired goal.
Incorporating nutrition into delivery care: delivery care practices that affect child nutrition and maternal health

Delayed umbilical cord clamping, early skin-to-skin contact and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding are three simple and inexpensive delivery care practices which have the potential to improve short-term and long-term nutrition and health outcomes in mothers and infants. In preterm infants, delayed clamping prevents intraventricular haemorrhage and improves haematological status, and in full-term infants, delayed clamping improves iron status through 6 months of age. Early skin-to-skin contact, in addition to regulating neonatal temperature, improves early breastfeeding behaviours, which has important implications for long-term infant nutrition and health. Finally, early exclusive breastfeeding prevents neonatal mortality and morbidity and provides numerous health and nutritional benefits to the infant,throughout infancy and beyond,as well as to the mother.Though each practice has been the subject of controlled trials and systematic reviews, with evidence of benefit from their implementation, these practices are not common in many delivery settings, nor are their long-term effects on infant and maternal nutrition and health status adequately recognized. We discuss the immediate and long-term health and nutrition benefits of each practice, and identify the policy and programme changes needed for integration and implementation of these practices into standard delivery care.
Obesity And The Demand For Canadian Physician Services

The objective of this study is to determine the role that obesity plays in how often Canadians visit their family doctors or general practitioners. Doctor visits are analyzed using mixtures of ordered probability models applied to sample survey data from the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey. This procedure is shown to be superior in terms of likelihood criteria to the more usual one involving count models of doctor visits. The main result is that obesity is one of the leading causes of doctor visits. Obesity has become more important in the demand for physician services than smoking for all Canadians. Other factors including diabetes, the individual’s level of education, position in the income distribution, and drinking behavior are also important. The application of latent class’s ordered probability models by age-group and gender leads to results which are different from what others have found. While obesity is shown to be a serious problem in Canada, it has not yet reached the stage which some researchers have described as critical.
Emotional Obstacle in E-learning - The fear of technology

E-learning has its difficulties, but it is still a strongly growing area in education and training. Both public and private organizations use it extensively. Technophobia is a growing problem with continuously increasing technology around us. While more and more teaching is given through different technological equipment, more troubles the people feeling negatively towards them will have. Frustration and anxiety are known to be part of the computer user’s life; almost all of the users at some point feel themselves frustrated. Frustration causes people to withdraw from the frustrating situation and make them not to go through again the frustrating situation. This causes problems in e-learning when students don’t want to continue learning in frustrating environment and makes them to be afraid or reluctant towards the computer
The Transformation of the Business Angel Market: Evidence from Scotland

Business angel investing – a key source of finance for entrepreneurial businesses – is evolving from a fragmented and largely anonymous activity dominated by individuals investing on their own to one that is increasingly characterised by groups of investors investing together through managed angel syndicates. The implications of this change have been largely ignored by scholars. Based on research in Scotland, which has experienced a particularly rapid growth in angel groups, the paper examines the following issues: the drivers of this change, the characteristics of the groups; their investment activity and outcomes; the investment process of angel groups; and the characteristics and role of group ‘gatekeepers’. The paper concludes with an assessment of the impact of this growth of angel groups on the economy and considers the implications for other regions and countries.
Karakteristik Susu Kerbau Sungai dan Rawa di Sumatera Utara

The objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics and differences in quality milk of Water andSwamp buffalo milk in North Sumatera. This research was conducted used complete random design used 30buffalo from three breeding farm in North Sumatera. Buffalo milk were collecting from lactating buffaloes on threetraditional farms located at Patumbak, Lubuk Pakam, and Siborong-borong with extensive farming system. Theresult of this research shown milk production per day for Swamp buffalo is 1 1.5 l and Water buffalo is 6 8 l withquality of Swamp and Water buffalo sequentially are for protein 5.14 ± 0.37% and 4.68 ± 0.41%, fat content 7.52 ±0.98% and 4.13 ± 0.73%, non-fat dry matter (NFDM) 10.61 ± 0.78% and 11.5 ± 0.86%, moisture 81.87 ± 2.26% and80.33 ± 2.33%, milk density 1.030 and 1.036, and then Total Plate Count (TPC) 3.79 x 106 and 5.08 x 105, shownindicated that there ware significant difference in protein, fat content and NFDM (P<0.01). But there is nodifferences in moisture and milk density. TPC shown that Swamp buffalo milk has above the maximum microbespresent in milk. The conclusion of this research is milk production of Swamp buffalo less than River buffalo but hashigher in chemical quality of milk than River buffalo such as protein, NFDM and fat content. Amino acids in Swampbuffalo milk were higher than River buffalo milk. Althought buffalo has less milk production than cow but buffalomilk were higher in all quality tested parameters and have more potential than dairy cow to be developed becausemaintenance of buffalo in North Sumatera is still use traditional method and not yet leading to efforts to obtainmaximum production performance.
The Role of the Independent Director in CEO Supervision and Turnover

A considerable amount of research has been done on the figure of the CEO, approaching it from many angles. Our analysis focuses on the role played by the independent director in the supervision and turnover of the chief corporate executive. In the process, we have carried out a comprehensive reflection on the independent director, consulting the latest literature and including the results of the most recent empirical evidence. We have noticed that the role of the independent director often goes beyond the tasks that are usually considered specific to this function, namely, supervision of the company’s senior management. However, the directors’ independence cannot be built by requirements. It is a personal quality of the individual that transcends the various problems raised by agency theory. We believe that correct CEO supervision can only be effectively undertaken if the independent directors have these personal qualities. It seems that companies with a larger number of independent directors are more likely to replace the CEO when performance is not as expected. This can only happen if the independent directors enjoy effective independence.
Contributions to depression in Latina mothers with and without children with retardation: Implications for caregiving

Contributions to depression in 148 Latina mothers with and 101 without children with mental retardation were investigated. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologie Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) (Radloff, 1977). Depression was elevated in both Latina samples relative to a normative group. Furthermore, Latina mothers who had children with mental retardation showed significantly higher levels of depressive symptomatology relative to controls. Depression was predicted by low family cohesion, poor health of the mother, absence of spouse or partner, less use of passive appraisal as a coping strategy, and presence of a child with mental retardation.
The German Party System: Eternal Crisis?

Ever since the early years of the Federal Republic, the German debate about political parties and the party system has been almost obsessed with the theme of crisis. Contrary to what seems to be the dominant view from within Germany, this article argues that, by and large, the German party system has performed well. Gordon Smith's centrality thesis can explain why this has been the case. However, there are indications that the future may not be so benign.
The Influence of Economic and Education Level into Cultural Integration of Macedonian Minority in Korça District

The case study of this article presents the influence of economic and education level into cultural integration of population of Macedonian minority in Korca district, Albania. First of all let’s have a short presentation of the Macedonian minority. This minority lives in a region at South-Eastern part of Albania (in Korca district), around Prespa Lake. Even though the population of this ethnic community has presented the main forms of monogamy group, they show that they are well integrated into Albanian culture. Their life is very dynamic, with specific traditions, cultural aspects and physic-social mentality. This is one of the minorities in Albania, which have developed specific approaches in cultural integration. Furthermore, in the center of coexistence of minority population into Albanian culture and society are a range of strategies. The historic background is a major point, because we can see that both ethnicities have a very similar history, the negotiation and adaption is another important element of integration. But, the question the author has raised in this study is: Is all the Macedonian minority population well integrated into Albanian culture and society? Of course, that the social stratification is involved in the interpretation of adaption forms. And, the types of surveys in these social groups have different attitudes of integration, because their economic status and education levels are determinative in the process of integration. Other important issues addressed by the author in this study are the cultural diffusion between Macedonian and Albanian society, the basic elements which influence cultural integration, similarities and differences between Macedonian and Albanian communities and the great specifics in their social life. The type of methodology used during this study is ontology-empiric, and the target groups are Macedonian minority population and Albanian population in Korca district. Data collection will be provided through 200 questionnaire based on random sample method. The data analysis will be calculated by SPSS 21 program.
Performance of ensemble streamflow forecasts under varied hydrometeorological conditions

Abstract. The paper presents a methodology that gives insight into the performance of ensemble streamflow-forecasting systems. We have developed an ensemble forecasting system for the Biala Tarnowska, a mountainous river catchment in southern Poland, and analysed the performance for lead times ranging from 1 to 10 days for low, medium and high streamflow and different hydrometeorological conditions. Precipitation and temperature forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts served as inputs to a deterministic lumped hydrological (HBV) model. Due to a non-homogeneous bias in time, pre- and post-processing of the meteorological and streamflow forecasts are not effective. The best forecast skill, relative to alternative forecasts based on meteorological climatology, is shown for high streamflow and snow accumulation low-streamflow events. Forecasts of medium-streamflow events and low-streamflow events under precipitation deficit conditions show less skill. To improve performance of the forecasting system for high-streamflow events, the meteorological forecasts are most important. Besides, it is recommended that the hydrological model be calibrated specifically on low-streamflow conditions and high-streamflow conditions. Further, it is recommended that the dispersion (reliability) of the ensemble streamflow forecasts is enlarged by including the uncertainties in the hydrological model parameters and the initial conditions, and by enlarging the dispersion of the meteorological input forecasts.
Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Image of God as a Core Aspect of Religiousness

Associations between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and the image of God were studied among adult mental health outpatients with ASD (N = 78) and compared to a psychiatric and a nonclinical norm group. The God image, which refers to the personal meaning that God/the divine has to the individual, of those with ASD had fewer positive and more negative traits than the God image of those without ASD. Especially impairments in the social domain of individuals with ASD were related to more feelings of anxiety toward God and the perception of God as ruling/punishing, which suggests that difficulties in the social, interpersonal domain and the accompanying feelings extend into the religious/spiritual domain. Religious saliency particularly predicted positive aspects of the image of God. This implies that the God image of individuals with ASD in this sample differs not only according to the degree to which autistic traits are present but also according to the degree in which religion is an essential factor in their lives. Implications for clinical care are discussed.