Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of novel isoforms of the CIC‐1 chloride channel in astrocytic glial cells in vitro

Chloride channels play an important role in glial astrocyte function. However, in astrocytes, no chloride channels besides the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor, glycine receptor, and ClC‐2 chloride channels have been molecularly identified. In this study, we examined the expression of the ClC‐1 chloride channel in rat astrocytic glioma C6 cells and rat primary astrocytes. Five isoforms of ClC‐1, but not skeletal muscle ClC‐1 (SM ClC‐1), were found to be expressed in C6 cells. Comparison with rat SM ClC‐1 showed that common features shared by these isoforms are a short 3′ end with a deletion of the nucleotides from 3115 to 3197 and a substitution of T by C at nucleotides 480 and 1733. Three of the five isoforms, M1, M2, and M3, were produced by partial deletion of ClC‐1 exon 7, partial insertion of ClC‐1 exon 7a, and a TAG insertion at nucleotide 858, respectively. One of the two remaining isoforms, M4, was produced by partial deletion of ClC‐1 exon 8 at nucleotide 937; the other, M5, was the same as SM ClC‐1 except for the short 3′ end and substitutions at the two positions. Only the M5 isoform could be expressed as a functional channel in Xenopus oocytes. This glial isoform exhibited less dependence on voltage and extracellular Cl− than rat SM ClC‐1. However, the anion selectivity sequence and the anthracene‐9‐carboxylic acid (9‐AC) sensitivity of this channel were the same as for SM ClC‐1. Since whole‐cell recordings failed to detect ClC‐1‐like Cl− currents in C6 cells, it appears that the ClC‐1 isoform is functioning in intracellular organelles. In rat primary astrocytes, we found that the M2 isoform as well as two additional distinct isoforms were expressed. The present study showed that astrocytic glial cells express multiple isoforms of the ClC‐1 chloride channel, which has been thought to be expressed almost exclusively in the skeletal muscle. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meprobamate overdosage. A report on the management of five cases.

The striking clinical phenomenon of meprobamate overdosage is marked hypotension. The degree of hypotension is greatly out of proportion to the psychic depression. Hence the clinical picture and management differ markedly from that of barbiturate poisoning. In meprobamate poisoning, maintaining the blood pressure is the major therapeutic challenge. Profound hypotension occurs in a patient whose reflexes are likely to be intact and who responds to painful stimuli. Five illustrative case reports are given below. During a 12-month period (1958-1959) eight patients with meprobamate overdosage were seen at St. Vincent's Hospital. Three patients are omitted from this report because they had taken concomitantly either barbiturates, alcohol, or both in large amounts. Case 1. —A 14-year-old white girl was brought to the emergency room of St. Vincent's Hospital in a comatose state one hour after ingesting 16 gm. of meprobamate in a suicidal attempt. On arrival, the patient had immediate gastric lavage
Copper Loss Analysis of EV Charging Coupler

Electric vehicles numbers are increasing but they still have issues with range between charges. Battery pack energy density is still low compared to the density of fossil fuel so it is advantageous to offer more recharging windows. This will also reduce consumer “range anxiety”. Automatic inductive charging technology can connect the vehicle to the grid during very short stops, or even during on-road use. The core system device is the charging coupler which transfers power from grid to vehicle. It is a medium-frequency loosely-coupled transformer and the efficiency is critical to the charging process. The loss in the coupler can be categorized into core loss and copper loss. Litz-wire can be used to reduce eddy current loss. This paper analyzes this loss and the AC resistance of multiconductor wires and calculates the magnetic field within the winding. The copper loss of the coupler is then estimated.
Role for Centromeric Heterochromatin and PML Nuclear Bodies in the Cellular Response to Foreign DNA

ABSTRACT Nuclear spatial positioning plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Here we show a role for nuclear spatial positioning in regulating episomal transgenes that are delivered by virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs mediate the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) to cell nuclei but lack viral factors involved in initiating and regulating transcription. By tracking single fluorescently labeled VLPs, coupled with luciferase reporter gene assays, we found that VLPs transported pDNA to cell nuclei efficiently but transgenes were immediately silenced by the cell. An investigation of the nuclear location of fluorescent VLPs revealed that the pDNAs were positioned next to centromeric heterochromatin. The activation of transcription by providing viral factors or inhibiting histone deacetylase activity resulted in the localization to euchromatin regions. Further, the activation of transcription induced the recruitment of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) to the VLPs. This association did not play a role in regulating transgene expression, but PML protein was necessary for the inhibition of transgene expression with alpha interferon (IFN-α). These results support a model whereby cells can prevent foreign gene expression at two levels: by positioning transgenes next to centromeric heterochromatin or, if that is overcome, via the type I IFN response facilitated by PML-NB recruitment.
A low-power, small-area 1 MSample/sec ADC for neural-signal recording systems in 0.35-µm CMOS

A fully differential, low-power, area-efficient analog to digital converter has been designed and simulated for implantable neural signal recording systems. Proposed ADC consisted of an analog stage, similar to a pipeline converter stages but reused it to extract the final effective bits. This paper presents a 9-bit 1-MSample/s analog to digital converter with stage reused technique that has been designed and simulated with standard 2P4M 0.35 µm CMOS process. High speed comparators, differential operational amplifier and digital correction are circuit techniques, have been used in the ADC. Simulation results comprehend a peak SNDR and ENOB of 54.3 dB and 8.7bit; respectively with a full-scale 2V sinusoidal input at 39.0625 kHz and a peak differential nonlinearity (DNL) of 0.45 relative to the least significant bit (LSB). The total power dissipation for a complete conversion cycle of 9 bit, is 430 µW from a 3V supply.
Semantic mapping of road scenes

The problem of understanding road scenes has been on the fore-front in the computer vision community for the last couple of years. This enables autonomous systems to navigate and understand the surroundings in which it operates. It involves reconstructing the scene and estimating the objects present in it, such as ‘vehicles’, ‘road’, ‘pavements’ and ‘buildings’. This thesis focusses on these aspects and proposes solutions to address them. First, we propose a solution to generate a dense semantic map from multiple street-level images. This map can be imagined as the bird’s eye view of the region with associated semantic labels for ten’s of kilometres of street level data. We generate the overhead semantic view from street level images. This is in contrast to existing approaches using satellite/overhead imagery for classification of urban region, allowing us to produce a detailed semantic map for a large scale urban area. Then we describe a method to perform large scale dense 3D reconstruction of road scenes with associated semantic labels. Our method fuses the depth-maps in an online fashion, generated from the stereo pairs across time into a global 3D volume, in order to accommodate arbitrarily long image sequences. The object class labels estimated from the street level stereo image sequence are used to annotate the reconstructed volume. Then we exploit the scene structure in object class labelling by performing inference over the meshed representation of the scene. By performing labelling over the mesh we solve two issues: Firstly, images often have redundant information with multiple images describing the same scene. Solving these images separately is slow, where our method is approximately a magnitude faster in the inference stage compared to normal inference in the image domain. Secondly, often multiple images, even though they describe the same scene result in inconsistent labelling. By solving a single mesh, we remove the inconsistency of labelling across the images. Also our mesh based labelling takes into account of the object layout in the scene, which is often ambiguous in the image domain, thereby increasing the accuracy of object labelling. Finally, we perform labelling and structure computation through a hierarchical robust P Markov Random Field defined on voxels and super-voxels given by an octree. This allows us to infer the 3D structure and the object-class labels in a principled manner, through bounded approximate minimisation of a well defined and studied energy functional. In this thesis, we also introduce two object labelled datasets created from real world data. The 15 kilometre Yotta Labelled dataset consists of 8,000 images per camera view of the roadways of the United Kingdom with a subset of them annotated with object class labels and the second dataset is comprised of ground truth object labels for the publicly available KITTI dataset. Both the datasets are available publicly and we hope will be helpful to the vision research community.
Evaluation of CO2 Application Requirements for On-Farm Mass Depopulation of Swine in a Disease Emergency

When an emergency swine disease outbreak, such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), occurs, it will be necessary to rapidly and humanely depopulate and dispose of infected and susceptible pigs to limit viral replications and disease spread. Methods other than handling individual pigs will be required to achieve the necessary rapidity. Suitable and practical on-farm methods will require depopulating large numbers of pigs at a time outside confinement buildings. The process must be easily implemented with readily available materials and equipment, while providing for the safety and well-being of personnel. Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is the means of choice, and this study analyzed the methods and requirements for delivering the gas into large volume truck bodies, corrals, dumpsters or other such chambers that may be used. The issues studied included: How the gas should be introduced to achieve the needed spatial distribution; whether plenums are required in the chambers; and the importance of sealing all chamber cracks and edges except around the top cover to limit CO2 dilution and leakage. Analysis was done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, and primary results were verified experimentally. The CFD findings and experimental results are compared, and recommendations are discussed.
Viral Repression of Fungal Pheromone Precursor Gene Expression

ABSTRACT Biological control of chestnut blight caused by the filamentous ascomycete Cryphonectria parasitica can be achieved with a virus that infects this fungus. This hypovirus causes a perturbation of fungal development that results in low virulence (hypovirulence), poor asexual sporulation, and female infertility without affecting fungal growth in culture. At the molecular level, the virus is known to affect the transcription of a number of fungal genes. Two of these genes,Vir1 and Vir2, produce abundant transcripts in noninfected strains of the fungus, but the transcripts are not detectable in virus-infected strains. We report here that these two genes encode the pheromone precursors of the Mat-2 mating type of the fungus; consequently, these genes have been renamedMf2/1 and Mf2/2. To determine if the virus affects the mating systems of both mating types of this fungus, the pheromone precursor gene, Mf1/1, of a Mat-1strain was cloned and likewise was found to be repressed in virus-infected strains. The suppression of transcription of the pheromone precursor genes of this fungus could be the cause of the mating defect of infected strains of the fungus. Although published reports suggest that a Gαi subunit may be involved in this regulation, our results do not support this hypothesis. The prepropheromone encoded by Mf1/1 is structurally similar to that of the prepro-p-factor of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This is the first description of the complete set of pheromone precursor genes encoded by a filamentous ascomycete.
A Profit Maximization Scheme with Ensuring Quality of Service for Customer Satisfaction in Cloud Computing

As a viable and productive approach to give computing assets and services to clients on interest, cloud computing has turned out to be better known. From cloud service provider’s point of view, profit is a standout amongst the most essential contemplations, and it is predominantly dictated by the design of a cloud administration stage under given business sector request. Be that as it may, a single long haul renting plan is normally received to design a cloud stage, which can't promise the administration quality however prompts genuine asset waste. In this paper, a double asset renting plan is outlined firstly in which fleeting renting and long haul renting are joined going for the current issues. This double renting plan can viably ensure the nature of administration of all solicitations what's more, lessen the asset squander enormously. Also, an administration framework is considered as a M/M/m+D lining model and the execution pointers that influence the profit of our double renting plan are dissected, e.g., the normal charge, the proportion of solicitations that need makeshift servers, et cetera. Thirdly, a profit amplification issue is planned for the double renting plan and the streamlined arrangement of a cloud stage is gotten by taking care of the profit boost issue. At long last, a progression of computations directed to analyse the profit of our proposed plan with that of the single renting plan. The outcomes demonstrate that our plan cannot just ensure the administration nature of all solicitations, additionally get more profit than the last.
Antibody Response in Serum and Intestine in Children up to Six Months After a Naturally Acquired Rotavirus Gastroenteritis

Summary The aim of this study was to provide detailed information about the local and systemic antibody response and their relationship following a rotavirus gastroenteritis. Rotavirus-specific immunoglobulins were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study included 49 children referred to hospital with rotavirus gastroenteritis and 16 children with nonrotavirus gastroenteritis. The concentrations of rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) in serum increased within the first 2 weeks and those of rotavirus IgG within the first month after the onset of diarrhea. Thereafter, they remained unchanged during the 6-month observation period. Rotavirus ScIg (i.e., antirotavirus immunoglobulin-containing secretory component) appeared in serum almost exclusively within 7–14 days after onset (i.e., 85% of the samples). After the first 2 weeks, rotavirus IgA could be detected in the majority of fecal samples, even up to 6 months after the disease. However, rotavirus ScIg was absent in the majority of fecal samples. The severity of illness correlated only with the increase of rotavirus IgG in serum. Conclusively, there is a longstanding immune response after a naturally acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis. Moreover, with the present methods, measurements of rotavirus IgA and IgG in serum can be safely used for serodiagnosis, even when samples are taken with 6-month interval. It is suggested that trials with rotavirus vaccines include measurements of rotavirus IgA and ScIg in serum and rotavirus IgA in feces.
Memory Erasure and Write Field Requirements in HAMR Using L \(1_\mathbf {o}\) -FePt Nanoparticles

The write field requirements in heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) using FePt media are studied using an atomistic model. Langevin dynamics simulations of laser-induced thermal demagnetization and magnetization recovery are performed on a single L1o-ordered FePt grain. We show that the minimum heat temperature for thermal overwrite of information is a cooling ratedependent temperature To, larger than the Curie temperature of the grains. If To is exceeded, memory effects can be neglected in HAMR since the characteristic pulse time is long compared with the mean first passage time of thermal demagnetization. The minimum write field Hw to attain sufficiently high thermoremanence MZ = 0.9MS is then independent of the heating process. We study the variation of Hw with cooling rate, damping, field orientation, and grain size L, and explore the phase space of the parameters H, T, and L, also resulting in thermal stability of the recorded information during storage.
Transplant Estimated Function

OBJECTIVE—The β-score is a highly regarded approach to the assessment of transplant functionality. Our aim was to develop an index of β-cell function that hinges on the pillars of the β-score (daily insulin requirement and A1C), has a straightforward physiological interpretation, and does not require the execution of an insulin stimulation test. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The new index is denoted transplant estimated function (TEF) and is obtained from the daily insulin requirement and A1C. TEF estimates the amount of insulin secreted daily and can be normalized to the number of transplanted islets, thus permitting evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of the transplant. TEF was compared with the area under the curve of C-peptide [AUC(C-pep)] concentration over 24 h, as well as the acute insulin response to intravenous glucose (AIRglu) and to arginine (AIRarg). The association between TEF and β-score was also investigated. RESULTS—The correlation of TEF with 24-h AUC(C-pep) was r = 0.73 (P < 0.005), whereas that for β-score versus 24-h AUC(C-pep) was r = 0.33 (NS). The correlation of TEF with AIRglu was r = 0.59 (P < 0.001) and close to that for β-score versus AIRglu (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). The correlation of TEF with AIRarg was r = 0.33 (P < 0.005) and was similar to that for β-score versus AIRarg (r = 0.34, P < 0.005). TEF and β-score were correlated well (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001) and showed similar time profiles. CONCLUSIONS—TEF estimates daily insulin secretion, it is simpler than the β-score, and its performance against reference indexes of β-cell secretion is in line with that exhibited by β-score. TEF can be normalized to the number of transplanted islets and thereby provides a benchmarking tool to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the transplant.
Interaction and Replication Activation of Genotype I and II Hepatitis Delta Antigens

ABSTRACT The nucleotide sequences of hepatitis D viruses (HDV) vary 5 to 14% among isolates of the same genotype and 23 to 34% among different genotypes. The only viral-genome-encoded antigen, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), has two forms that differ in size. The small HDAg (HDAg-S) trans-activates viral replication, while the large form (HDAg-L) is essential for viral assembly. Previously, it has been shown that the packaging efficiency of HDAg-L is higher for genotype I than for genotype II. In this study, the question of whether other functional properties of the HDAgs are affected by genotype differences is addressed. By coexpression of the two antigens in HuH-7 cells followed by specific antibody precipitation, it was found that HDAgs of different origins interacted without genotypic discrimination. Moreover, in the presence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen, HDAg-S was incorporated into virion-like particles through interaction with HDAg-L without genotype restriction. As to the differences in replication activation of genotype I HDV RNA, all HDAg-S clones tested had some trans-activation activity, and this activity varied greatly among isolates. As to the support of HDV genotype II replication, only clones of HDAg-S from genotype II showed trans-activation activity, and this activity also varied among isolates. In conclusion, genotype has no effect on HDAg interaction and genotype per se only partly predicts how much the HDAg-S of an HDV isolate affects the replication of a second HDV isolate.
Dispersal and Inbreeding Avoidance

Using a game‐theoretical approach, we investigate the dispersal patterns expected if inbreeding avoidance were the only reason for dispersal. The evolutionary outcome is always complete philopatry by one sex. The rate of dispersal by the other sex depends on patch size and mating system, as well as inbreeding and dispersal costs. If such costs are sex independent, then two stable equilibria coexist (male or female philopatry), with symmetric domains of attraction. Which sex disperses is determined entirely by history, genetic drift, and gene flow. An asymmetry in costs makes one domain of attraction extend at the expense of the other. In such a case, the dispersing sex might also be, paradoxically, the one that incurs the higher dispersal costs. As asymmetry increases, one equilibrium eventually disappears, which may result in a sudden evolutionary shift in the identity of the dispersing sex. Our results underline the necessity to control for phylogenetic relationships (e.g., through the use of independent‐comparisons methods) when investigating empirical trends in dispersal. Our model also makes quantitative predictions on the rate of dispersal by the dispersing sex and suggests that inbreeding avoidance may only rarely be the sole reason for dispersal.
Morphine‐tolerant longitudinal muscle strip from guinea‐pig ileum

1 Implantation of morphine pellets in guinea‐pigs produced a high degree of tolerance and dependence within 3 days. 2 The contractions of the longitudinal muscle induced by electrical stimulation of the myenteric plexus‐longitudinal muscle preparations obtained from tolerant animals were less depressed by morphine than the contractions evoked in preparations from non‐tolerant animals. 3 Naloxone did not alter the size of the evoked twitch but antagonized the depressant action of morphine in tolerant and in non‐tolerant animals. When given to tolerant guinea‐pigs, naloxone caused an increase in intestinal activity in vivo. 4 The contractile response of the longitudinal muscle to acetylcholine was the same in preparations obtained from tolerant and non‐tolerant animals. Electrically evoked contractions of the myenteric plexus‐longitudinal muscle preparations from tolerant animals showed reduced sensitivity to the depressant effects of adrenaline, isoprenaline, and particularly, dopamine.
Acute infectious pediatric gastroenteritis: beyond oral rehydration therapy

Worldwide diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Improvements in gastroenteritis management have reduced the annual number of pediatric deaths attributable to gastroenteritis from 5 million in 1982 to 2 million over 20 years. Recent advances are likely to contribute further to a reduction in morbidity and mortality secondary to acute infectious gastroenteritis. A new generation of vaccines against rotavirus is entering into routine use. Research into antisecretory agents has demonstrated that this class of medications may play a significant role in the future management of acute infectious gastroenteritis. A significant body of literature has recently emerged supporting the use of the antiemetic agent ondansetron. In developing countries, the routine use of zinc is now recommended by many experts, while, in developed countries, the use of probiotic agents has been associated with significant benefits in acute infectious gastroenteritis. Finally, more aggressive intravenous rehydration strategies are being employed; however, at present, limited data from randomized clinical trials are available to support its routine use.