Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Pseudo Posterior Mechanism under Differential Privacy

We propose a Bayesian pseudo posterior mechanism to generate record-level synthetic datasets with a Differential privacy (DP) guarantee from any proposed synthesizer model. The pseudo posterior mechanism employs a data record-indexed, risk-based weight vector with weights $\in [0, 1]$ to surgically downweight high-risk records for the generation and release of record-level synthetic data. The pseudo posterior synthesizer constructs weights using Lipschitz bounds for the log-likelihood for each data record, which provides a practical, general formulation for using weights based on record-level sensitivities that we show achieves dramatic improvements in the DP guarantee as compared to the unweighted, non-private synthesizer. We compute a local sensitivity specific to our Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) dataset for family income, published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and reveal mild conditions that guarantees its contraction to a global sensitivity result over all $\mathbf{x} \in \mathcal{X}$. We show that utility is better preserved for our pseudo posterior mechanism as compared to the exponential mechanism (EM) estimated on the same non-private synthesizer. Our results may be applied to any synthesizing mechanism envisioned by the data analyst in a computationally tractable way that only involves estimation of a pseudo posterior distribution for $\theta$ unlike recent approaches that use naturally-bounded utility functions under application of the EM.
Risk Factors, Clinical Features and Management Of Children With Diarrhoea in Lagos

In spite of the diarrhoeal disease control Programme of WHO and campaign efforts of the Nigerian government in the prevention and management ofdiarrhoea, the disease still remains a major causes of death among children under 5 years in Nigerian. Hence this study was aimed at assessing the risk factors, clinical features and the quality of home case management of diarrhoea. A hospital based longitudinal study was carried out. Questionnaires were administered to mothers with children presenting with diarrhoea in a primary, secondary and tertiary health institutions. Age of a child, position in family and mothers' occupation have been identified as risk factors of diarrhoea. Fever and vomiting was prevalent in 68% and 60% of children respectively responsible for 65% of hospitalization. The mean frequency of stool per day was 5.0 while the mean duration of diarrhoea was 4.9 days. Persistent diarrhoea was found to be most prevalent among children aged 0.6 months. While acute diarrhoea was most prevalent in the 7-12 months age group. Only 28% of month managed diarrhoea with oral rehydration solution (ORS), 29% did not do anything to manage the diarrhoea while 57% did not know the possible cause of diarrhoea in their children. These findings show that the diarrhoeal control Programme in Nigeria has not made much impact on the mother's knowledge and attitude. Hence, health education Programme on the control and management of diarrhoea should be intensified. (J. of the Nigerian Association of Infection Control, 2000, 3(1): 24-29)
QUADROTOR FLIGHT IN CONSTRAINED ENVIRONMENTS

Rotor aerodynamics is known to be significant in quadrotor flight [1]. We extend a previously proposed aerodynamic model which relates rotor thrust to rotor angular speed, relative velocity between the rotor plane of motion and the air, and proximity of both the ground and the ceiling. Our model adds the rotor angle of attack to this framework. We develop a simulation to demonstrate the effect of this model on quadrotor flight in a confined environment. We design and build a platform for conducting flight tests, consisting of a four foot long tunnel with an expandable, square cross section. We present preliminary data from flight tests and offer suggestions for future work on refining our controller.
FORMATIVE EVALUATION OF A SAMPLE VIDEO PROGRAM FROM THE _ NUTRITION PATHWAYS _ TELECOURSE BASED ON ADULT EDUCATION PRINCIPLES

One element in the success of distance education is the systematic evaluation of programs throughout the design, development, and implementation process. Evaluations of learner attitudes and satisfaction are common in the literature and can provide valuable input to the development team with regard to the effectiveness of course materials. With the increased use of video programming to deliver education and the growth in the number of adult students in higher education, evaluations may also need to consider whether the materials being produced are appropriate for the adult student audience.
Estimation of Sensor Array Signal Model Parameters Using Factor Analysis

Factor analysis is a popular tool in multivariate statistics, applied in several areas of study such as psychology, economics, chemistry and signal processing. Given a set of observed random variables, factor analysis aims at explaining and analyzing the correlation between these random variables. This is done by finding a meaningful structural model representation for the correlation matrix of the observed random variables, and subsequently estimating the underlying model parameters. In this paper, we focus on factor analysis methods applied to a commonly used signal model for sensor arrays applications and use it to jointly estimate the underlying model parameters. In addition we discuss practical considerations of these methods.
FORMWORD AND PHRASE PARS 102 DETERMINE MEANINGS FOR WORDS AND PHRASES 104 ASSIGN NUMERIC CODES TO UNIQUELY DENTFY SEMANTIC CONCEPTS 105 COMPARE NUMERC CODES OF WORD / PHRASE PARS 106 SELECT PARS WITH BEST RELATIONSHIPS FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS

(54) RELATIONSHIPANALYSIS SYSTEMAND 5,510,981 A * 4/1996 Berger et al. . TO4/2 METHOD FOR SEMANTIC 5,687,384 A * 1 1/1997 Nagase . TO4/9 DISAMBIGUATION OF NATURAL 5,696,980 A * 12/1997 Brew . TO4,273 LANGUAGE 5,768,603 A * 6/1998 Brown et al. . TO4/9 5,842,159 A * 1 1/1998 Nakamura et al. . TO4/4 5,960,384 A 9, 1999 Brash (76) Inventor. Howard J. Bender, 4200 Sheridan St. 6,094,634 A * 7/2000 Yahagi et al. . TO4,260 University Park, MD (US) 20782 6,173,275 B1* 1/2001 Caid et al. . TO6, 14 c 6,292.771 B1* 9/2001 Haug et al. . TO4/9 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,356,864 B1 3/2002 Foltz et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,446,061 B1 9/2002 Doerre et al. . 1.1 U.S.C. 154(b) by 273 days. 6,484,136 B1 * 1 1/2002 Kanevsky et al. . TO4/9 6,556,964 B2 4/2003 Haug et al. (21) Appl. No.: 10/571,760 (Continued)
Instantaneous Passive and Active Detection, Localization, Monitoring and Classification of Marine Mammals over Long Ranges with High-Resolution Towed Array Measurements

The objective of this proposal is to develop approaches to enable instantaneous passive and active acoustic detection, localization, continuous monitoring and classification of marine mammals over wide areas spanning hundreds of kilometers or more in range. This will be accomplished using high-resolution towed receiver array measurements of marine mammal vocalizations (passive) and potentially instantaneous wide-area ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS) and imaging (active) of marine mammals.
Large scalable workshop for innovation and entrepreneurship

This paper describes several years of experience in planning and implementing an interdisciplinary Workshop For Innovation and Entrepreneurship (WOFIE) where design students develop new solutions and business plans in collaboration with graduate students from social sciences, human sciences and other technical disciplines. The project is a strategic initiative with the aim of strengthening the university students’ ability to develop new products and business models in relation to societal and environmental needs and challenges. The paper describes tools and methods to handle such projects with many pedagogical, cross-disciplinary, logistic and administrative challenges in executing such a large-scale workshop on multiple locations with students from different disciplines. Until now workshop has been carried out using a strict sequential phase orientated pedagogical approach, which analyses of the evaluations has pointed out as a problem. On that basis it has been decided that future workshops are based on an activity orientated pedagogical approach, where activities are executed, when it is relevant regarding contribution to the result for the individual group. The developing of the WOFIE methodology has been done under the following dogmas: 1) Asynchronous process between the groups, 2) A qualified progress outlined for supervisors and Location Leaders. The author of this paper has been part of a development group restructuring the approach into to an activity-based matrix combining a sequential perspective with a semi autonomous asynchronous supervision perspective with the possibility to adapt and iterate when necessary.
Speech Emotion Recognition with a Reject Option

Speech emotion recognition (SER) for categorical descriptors is a difficult task when the recordings come from everyday spontaneous interactions. The boundaries between emotional classes are less clear, resulting in complex, mixed emotions. Since the performance of a SER system varies across speech recordings, it is important to understand the reliability associated with its prediction. An intriguing formulation in machine learning related to this problem is the reject option, where a classifier only provides predictions over samples with reliability above a given threshold. This paper proposes a classification technique with a reject option using deep neural networks (DNNs) that increases its performance by selectively trading its coverage in the testing set. We use two different criteria to develop a SER system with a reject option, where it can accept or reject a sample as needed. Using the MSP-Podcast corpus, we evaluate this idea by comparing different classification performance as a function of coverage. By selectively defining a coverage of 75% of the samples, we obtain relative gains in F1-score of up to 25.71% for a five-class problem and 20.63% for an eight-class problem. The sentences that are rejected are analyzed in the evaluation, confirming that they have lower inter-evaluator agreement.
Effectiveness of Task Oriented Physiotherapy Along with Conventional Physiotherapy for Patients with Stroke

Background: Stroke is a disorder where brain is damaged either by blockage in the blood vessels or rupture of the blood vessels. It is the approximately number five leading cause of death. It is also the leading cause of longer period disability as well as preventable cause of disability. Objectives: To determine and compare balance, functional status and mobility before and after application of task oriented physiotherapy along with conventional physiotherapy among patients with Stroke. Methodology: Classic experimental study design was used in this study. 30 patients with stroke were randomly assigned into two groups among them 15 patients were assigned into experimental group received task oriented physiotherapy with conventional physiotherapy and another 15 into control group received only conventional physiotherapy. Total treatment sessions were twenty-four comprising of 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Single blinding procedure was used during data collection. Outcome measurement tools: Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to measure balance, functional independence measurement (FIM) was used to measure functional status and timed up and go test (TUG) to measure mobility. Analysis of data: Inferential statistics such as for between group analysis of BBS and FIM used Mann-Whitney U test, and within group analysis of BBS and FIM used Wilcoxon test. Besides Independent t test used for between group analysis and Paired t test was done for within group analysis of TUG by using SPSS version 22. Results: It was found that balance, functional status and mobility improved both between and within group results except standing unsupported one foot in front. Conclusion: This research showed that task oriented physiotherapy along with conventional physiotherapy was more effective than only conventional physiotherapy for patients with stroke.
Bacteriological and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Isolated Organisms of Post-Caesarean Suppuration in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Laquintinie Hospital , Douala , Cameroon

Citation: Essome H, Ebongue Co, Doumbe J, Fougang Me, Boten M and Adiogo D. Bacteriological and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Isolated Organisms of Post-Caesarean Suppuration in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Laquintinie Hospital, Douala, Cameroon. GSL J Public Health Epidemiol. 2018; 1:108. Bacteriological and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Isolated Organisms of Post-Caesarean Suppuration in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Laquintinie Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
Protective Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and its Supernatant against Myocardial Dysfunction in Obese Mice Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia is Associated with the Activation of Nrf2 Pathway

Prolonged intermittent hypoxia (IH) has been shown to impair myocardial function (mainly via oxidative stress and inflammation) and modify gut microbiota in mice. Gut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, including obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Probiotics refer to live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host after administration in adequate amounts. Research on novel probiotics related therapies has evoked much attention. In our previous study, both Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and LGG cell-free supernatant (LGGs) were found to protect against alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis; however, the effects of LGG and LGGs on cardiac tissues of obese mice exposed to IH have not been determined. Here we exposed high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFD)-induced obese mice to IH, to establish a model of obesity with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Mice were divided into four groups: (1) HFHFD for 15 weeks; (2) HFHFD for 15 weeks with IH in the last 12 weeks (HFHFD/IH); (3) and (4) HFHFD/IH plus oral administration of either LGG (109 CFU bacteria/day) or LGGs (dose equivalent to 109 CFU bacteria/day) over the 15 weeks, respectively. Compared to HFHFD mice, HFHFD/IH-mice showed heart dysfunction with significant cardiac remodeling and inflammation; all these pathological and functional alterations were prevented by treatment with both LGG and LGGs (no significant difference between LGG and LGGs in this respect). The cardioprotective effect of LGG and LGGs against IH/HFHFD was associated with up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant pathways. Our findings suggest a cardioprotective effect of LGG and LGGs in obese mice with OSA.
A Strategy for Improved Phone-Level Lyrics-to-Audio Alignment for Speech-to-Singing Synthesis

Speech-to-Singing refers to techniques that transform speech to a singing voice. A major performance factor of this process relies on the precision to align the phonetic sequence of the input speech to the timing of the target singing. Unfortunately, the precision of existing techniques for phone-level lyrics-to-audio alignment has been found insufficient for this task. We propose a complete pipeline for automatic phone-level lyrics-to-audio alignment based on an HMM-based forced-aligner and singing acoustics normalization. The system obtains phone-level precision in the range of a few tens of milliseconds as we report in the objective evaluation. The subjective evaluation reveals that the smoothness of the singing voice generated with the proposed methodology was found close to the one obtained using manual alignments.
Contingent Thinking and the Sure-Thing Principle : Revisiting Classic Anomalies in the Laboratory ∗

Failure of contingent thinking has been increasingly offered as a possible explanation for behavior that deviates from standard rationality postulates. The concept of contingent thinking, however, remains a fairly elusive one. We study a specific aspect of contingent thinking that can be formally defined and tested in the laboratory, and show that it potentially underlies many of the classic anomalies in decision and game theory. We perform an experiment and find that failure of this type of contingent thinking can in large part explain some of the most common anomalies found in the laboratory, including overbidding in auctions, naive voting in elections, and both Ellsberg and Allais types of paradoxes. We thank Eduardo Azevedo, Ted Bergstrom, Gary Charness, Benjamin Enke, Larry Epstein, Erik Eyster, Drew Fudenberg, Xavier Gabaix, Itzhak Gilboa, Daniel Gottlieb, Yoram Halevy, Paul J. Healy, Shachar Kariv, Shengwu Li, Bart Lipman, Mark Machina, Paulo Natenzon, Muriel Niederle, Ryan Oprea, Pietro Ortoleva, Matthew Rabin, Collin Raymond, Ariel Rubinstein, Marciano Siniscalchi, Joel Sobel, Charlie Sprenger, Tomasz Strzalecki, Severine Toussaert, Georg Weizsäcker, Leeat Yariv, and Sevgi Yuksel for helpful comments. Esponda: Department of Economics, University of California at Santa Barbara, 2127 North Hall, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, iesponda@ucsb.edu. ; Vespa: Department of Economics, University of California at Santa Barbara, 2127 North Hall, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, vespa@ucsb.edu.
QuTiBench: Benchmarking Neural Networks on Heterogeneous Hardware

Neural Networks have become one of the most successful universal machine learning algorithms. They play a key role in enabling machine vision and speech recognition, and are increasingly adopted in other application domains. Their computational complexity is enormous and comes along with equally challenging memory requirements both in regards to capacity and access bandwidth, which limits deployment in particular within energy constrained, embedded environments. In order to address these implementation challenges, a broad spectrum of new customized and heterogeneous hardware architectures have emerged, often accompanied with co-designed algorithms to extract maximum benefit out of the hardware. Furthermore, numerous optimization techniques are being explored for neural networks to reduce compute and memory requirements while maintaining accuracy. This results in an abundance of algorithmic and architectural choices, some of which fit specific use cases better than others. For system level designers, there is currently no good way to compare the variety of hardware, algorithm and optimization options. While there are many benchmarking efforts in this field, they cover only subsections of the embedded design space. None of the existing benchmarks support essential algorithmic optimizations such as quantization, an important technique to stay on chip, or specialized heterogeneous hardware architectures. We propose a novel benchmark suite, QuTiBench , that addresses this need. QuTiBench is a novel multi-tiered benchmarking methodology ( Ti ) that supports algorithmic optimizations such as quantization ( Qu ) and helps system developers understand the benefits and limitations of these novel compute architectures in regard to specific neural networks and will help drive future innovation. We invite the community to contribute to QuTiBench in order to support the full spectrum of choices in implementing machine learning systems.
Why Dominant Parties Decline : Evidence from India ’ s Green Revolution ∗

Political scientists disagree whether economic growth strengthens or weakens dominant party regimes, the most common form of authoritarianism today. This paper reconciles competing arguments and develops a new theoretical explanation on the basis of a historical natural experiment: the impact of the green revolution on single-party dominance in India. In contrast to modernization theory’s focus on rising incomes, I argue that changes in the economy which provide incentives for regime outsiders to capture the state contribute to democratization. Fixed effects and instrumental variable analyses of panel data on highyielding variety (HYV) crop adoption connected to 22,000 state and 3,000 parliamentary election races between 1957 and 1987 suggest that the green revolution accounted for half of the dominant Congress party’s long-run decline. The democratizing effect of the green revolution was due to the increasing value of agricultural subsidies, which agricultural producers sought to capture by supporting agrarian opposition parties. By contrast, the green revolution caused no shift in the caste of elected MPs and income increases on their own resulting from rainfall shocks improved the dominant party’s election performance, ruling out modernization theory.
Geodynamics of the Alpine-Mediterranean system : a synthesis

Alpine-Mediterranean orogenic structure is largely due to suture progradation after late Cretaceous to Eocene collisions. Progradation results from regional compression across the suture combined with elastic-perfectly plastic downbending of the foreland. Unbending stresses past the zone of maximum flexure cause intracrustal décollement used by regional compression to shear off and lift basement prisms. On their way up, basement nappes cross Barrovian isotherms and zones of thrusting styles. Crustal data suggest that the elastic upper parts of the foreland flexure are overlain by largely allochthonous core complexes. Along strike, folds and backthrusts in the Alpine core complex grade into a largely unrecognized Apennine thrust belt and into the Calabrian subduction. A crustal synform beneath peninsular Italy, similar to gentle-dip zones in the Canadian and Montana overthrust belt and the Chubut Andes, may record elastic loading by the thrust belt.
EFFECTS OF RHYTHMICITY ON SPEECH PERCEPTION IN SPEECH AND MUSICAL CONTEXTS

Speech and music share the property of being organized into hierarchical units which influence aspects of their timing and perception. A key difference is found in the specific timing patterns found in language and music, however, in that the latter generally shows a much stricter adherence to rhythmic regularity. The higher level of precision in processing of temporal and melodic events in music has been hypothesized to be a key factor in explaining how musical experience can lead to enhanced speech processing [24]. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that perception of speech in the context of musical beats is more adversely affected by contextual rhythmic irregularities than is speech in the context of other nonsense speech sounds or within a cohesive phrase. In some phrasal contexts, temporal irregularities are in fact found to be beneficial for perception.
NITK Kids' Speech Corpus

This paper introduces speech database for analyzing children’s speech. The proposed database of children is recorded in Kannada language (one of the South Indian languages) from children between age 2 1 2 to 6 1 2 years. The database is named as National Institute of Technology Karnataka Kids’ Speech Corpus (NITK Kids’ Speech Corpus). The relevant design considerations for the database collection are discussed in detail. It is divided into four age groups with an interval of 1 year between each age group. The speech corpus includes nearly 10 hours of speech recordings from 160 children. For each age range, the data is recorded from 40 children (20 male and 20 female). Further, the effect of developmental changes on the speech from 2 1 2 to 6 1 2 years are analyzed using pitch and formant analysis. Some of the potential applications, of the NITK Kids’ Speech Corpus, such as, systematic study on the language learning ability of children, phonological process analysis and children speech recognition are discussed.