Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the α1B-adrenergic receptor gene promoter region and hypoxia regulatory elements in vascular smooth muscle

We previously demonstrated that α1B-adrenergic receptor (AR) gene transcription, mRNA, and functionally coupled receptors increase during 3% O2 exposure in aorta, but not in vena cava smooth muscle cells (SMC). We report here that α1BAR mRNA also increases during hypoxia in liver and lung, but not heart and kidney. A single 2.7-kb α1BAR mRNA was detected in aorta and vena cava during normoxia and hypoxia. The α1BAR 5′ flanking region was sequenced to −2,460 (relative to ATG +1). Transient transfection experiments identify the minimal promoter region between −270 and −143 and sequence between −270 and −248 that are required for transcription of the α1BAR gene in aorta and vena cava SMC during normoxia and hypoxia. An ATTAAA motif within this sequence specifically binds aorta, vena cava, and DDT1MF-2 nuclear proteins, and transcription primarily initiates downstream of this motif at approximately −160 in aorta SMC. Sequence between −837 and −273 conferred strong hypoxic induction of transcription in aorta, but not in vena cava SMC, whereas the cis-element for the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1, conferred hypoxia-induced transcription in both aorta and vena cava SMC. These data identify sequence required for transcription of the α1BAR gene in vascular SMC and suggest the atypical TATA-box, ATTAAA, may mediate this transcription. Hypoxia-sensitive regions of the α1BAR gene also were identified that may confer the differential hypoxic increase in α1BAR gene transcription in aorta, but not in vena cava SMC.
Impact of B-vitamin supply on major metabolic pathways of lactating dairy cows

Knowledge of the major nutrient requirements of dairy cows has increased substantially during the past decades. Little is known, however, about the importance of the roles played by B vitamins. Since most of those vitamins act as essential cofactors in energy, protein and lipid metabolism, it is likely that as milk yield increases, the demand for these cofactors also increases. The supply of B vitamins from dietary sources and synthesis by the ruminal microflora is generally sufficient to avoid deficiency symptoms, but could be insufficient for optimizing metabolic efficiency, production, composition and the nutritional quality of milk in high-producing dairy cows. Results from recent experiments show how the supply of three B vitamins — folic acid, biotin and vitamin B12 — affects major metabolic pathways. Supplementary biotin has frequently been reported to increase milk yield but has a limited effect on milk composition. Folic acid supplements have been found to increase milk and milk protein yields in.
Non-photic circadian entrainment in mammals: A brief review and proposal for study during development

A notable and phylogenetically conserved characteristic of organisms is the demonstration of endogenous 24-h (circadian) rhythms across a wide range of behavioral, physiological and molecular processes. The extensive efforts to understand how such rhythms are generated and sustained have focused on their coupling to the daily light – dark cycle, that is, on their entrainment by photic cues. Although understandable given that this is the most predictable environmental information, it is increasingly clear that recurrent, non-photic events such as the periodic availability of food also regulate circadian systems and via mechanisms different to photic cues. One of the challenges facing circadian rhythms research is to understand how organisms respond to the wealth of diurnally fluctuating information around them and integrate this to generate a coherent and adaptive system of circadian function. Here we briefly review what is known about the influence of non-photic stimuli on the circadian system. We then consider the value but inherent difficulties of a developmental approach. After considering the advantages offered by the neonatal rabbit, we close by emphasizing the importance of developing models more closely tied to the animal's natural, evolved lifestyle if sense is to be made of the diversity of information rapidly accumulating on circadian processes.
¿Es Alstroemeria pulchra Sims var. maxima Phil. (Alstroemeriaceae) un miembro del complejo A. magnifica Herbert?: Estudio colorimétrico de los tépalos externos e internos de la flor

Alstroemeria pulchra var. maxima es un taxon endemico de Chile descrito por R.A. Philippi en 1864, cuya posicion sistematica es controversial; aunque Bayer en 1987 transfiere este taxon a A. magnifica con el rango de subespecie, Munoz & Moreira en 2003 retoman el concepto original de Philippi. Con el objetivo de proporcionar nuevos caracteres para decidir si A. pulchra var. maxima es un miembro del complejo A. magnifica o debe permanecer como una variedad de A. pulchra como fue originalmente descrita, se analizo el color de los tepalos externos, internos superiores e interno inferior, utilizando un espectrofotometro colorimetro Hunterlab Colorquest. Se trabajo con flores de ocho poblaciones de Alstroemeria L. pertenecientes a estas dos especies endemicas de Chile: cinco poblaciones de A. magnifica Herbert y tres poblaciones de A. pulchra Sims. Las mediciones en el espacio CIELab permiten distinguir A. magnifica de A. pulchra sobre la base del color de los tepalos externos y del tepalo interno inferior, pero no por el color de los tepalos internos superiores. Se concluye que el color de la flor es un nuevo caracter que confirma que la var. maxima pertenece a A. pulchra y no al complejo A. magnifica.
Genomic organization and diversity of Clostridium botulinum group III

Botulism is caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced by the spore forming strictly anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Seven different types of BoNTs (type A-F) have so far been established on the basis of neutralization with different antibodies. Botulism affects both humans and animals, and there are occasionally large-scale outbreaks of high mortality in animals. Especially large outbreaks of avian botulism have been reported from various countries, including Sweden. Other animals relatively commonly affected are cattle, horses, sheep and farmed fur animals. C. botulinum is a diverged species and can be organized into four groups, which reflect their genetic and physiological differences. C. botulinum group III strains producing BoNT types C, D and chimers C/D and D/C, are mainly connected to animal botulism. The gene encoding BoNT in C. botulinum group III strains is located on an unstable plasmid-like phage. In this thesis, strains of the previously relatively uncharacterised C. botulinum group III were isolated and genotyped with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Several pulsotypes were formed, but the majority clustered closely together and represented most of the chimeric strains. Strains representing different pulsotypes and different animal and geographical origin, were selected for whole genome sequencing and the resulting genomes could be divided into four genomic lineages. Comparisons against genomes of Clostridium novyi and Clostridium haemolyticum revealed that they could be organized into the same genomic lineages (lineages II-IV), which resulted in the suggested collective term C. novyi sensu lato. The organization of all sequenced genomes was analysed. It revealed a relatively conserved chromosome and an abundance of highly dynamic plasmids. The plasmids, lineages and species were entwined because plasmids and toxin genes had moved across the lineage boundaries. Of the four lineages, only lineage I was C. botulinum specific, and this lineage includes strains of the most common pulsotype. One genome of lineage I was assembled into completion. It was smaller than C. botulinum group I and II genomes, but contained as much as five plasmids. Most of the identified putative toxin genes were found on these plasmids. Strains of lineage I may be more virulent than other C. botulinum group III strains, which is reflected by their domination in animal botulism cases today.
The Cost of Aerial Baiting for Wild Dog Management in North-Eastern New South Wales.

Aerial baitjng for the management of wild dogs in north-eastern New South Wales is carried out in nine Rural Lands Protection Board districts covering coastal and tablelands environments. A survey of participants in the 1988 aerial baiting programme costed the total operation at $106,152. Labour ($36,418) and helicopter hiring charges ($35,693) accounted for over 70 per cent of the costs borne by local and regional control authorities. A total of 24,285 kg of meat (approx. 105,500 baits) valued at $21,018 was used. The average cost of the programme was $4.21 per kg of bait used. Total baiting costs can be accurately predicted from bait quantity. The cost, to individual producers, of aerial baiting for wild dogs, when compared with expected livestock losses without this form of management, suggests that aerial baiting is cost-beneficial.
Utilización de árboles fijadores de nitrógeno para la revegetación de suelos degradados

Los suelos degradados son abundantes en todo el mundo y su aprovechamiento agropecuario es muy dificil, antieconomico o directamente impracticable. El establecimiento de plantaciones forestales constituye una de las posibilidades de utilizacion de suelos degradados, asi como elemento de estabilizacion y proteccion de sitios inestables como costas de rios y mares, dunas de arena y laderas de alta pendiente. Los arboles fijadores de nitrogeno -leguminosas y actinorrizas- establecen una asociacion simbiotica con microorganismos fijadores de nitrogeno del suelo de los generos Rhizobium y Frankia respectivamente. Estos arboles tambien pueden formar simbiosis con hongos micorricicos. Estas asociaciones permiten la fijacion de nitrogeno atmosferico y mejoran la absorcion de agua y la asimilacion de nutrientes del suelo. En muchos sitios disturbados, los arboles fijadores de nitrogeno pueden crecer mejor que los no-fijadores e incluso mejor que plantas herbaceas fijadoras de nitrogeno. Entre estos arboles que fijan nitrogeno existen especies tolerantes a los distintos tipos de estres propios de los suelos degradados, como salinidad, acidez, metales pesados, sequia, fuego, malezas invasoras, deficiencias de nutrientes, inundacion, compactacion y encostramiento. Estos arboles son capaces de reciclar importantes cantidades de materia organica y nutrientes a traves de la descomposicion de la hojarasca, y aunque otras formas de manejo de tierras degradadas pueden ser tambien importantes, aquellos constituyen una buena alternativa para rehabilitacion de suelos. En este trabajo se citan y analizan casos de aplicacion de mas de 100 especies de arboles fijadores de nitrogeno en distintos tipos de suelos y situaciones geograficas.
How the pollination mechanism and prezygotic and postzygotic events affect seed production in Larixoccidentalis

The pollination mechanism of western larch (Larixoccidentalis Nutt.) is described in relation to the optimal time of pollination. Five stages of conelet receptivity were recognized and stages two to four had the greatest pollination success. Four categories of seed were recognized by X-ray and dissection of seeds from mature cones. The causes of degenerated, empty, and rudimentary seeds are discussed and recommendations are made for increased seed production through supplemental pollination. Light microscope and ultrastructural observations were made of the pollination mechanism and of pollen from 0 to 72 h after pollination, during pollen engulfment, during shedding of the exine, and during penetration of the nucellus. Pollen attachment to stigmatic hairs and pollen engulfment are described. Pollen hydration and ultrastructural changes began about 72 h after pollination. The exine was shed but the pollen remained just inside the sealed micropyle for 5–6 weeks. A pollination drop secreted from the nucellu.
The effects of an Aspergillus oryzae extract containing alpha-amylase activity on ruminal fermentation and milk production in lactating Holstein cows

The effects of an Aspergillus oryzae extract containing alpha-amylase activity (Amaize™, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) were examined in vivo and in vitro . A lactating cow study employed 20 intact and four ruminally fistulated Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin-square design to examine the effects of four concentrations of dietary Amaize™ extract on milk production and composition, ruminal fermentation and serum metabolite concentrations. The treatment diets contained 0, 240, 480 or 720 alpha-amylase dextrinizing units (DU) per kg of total mixed ration (TMR) (dry-matter basis). The supplemental alpha-amylase increased the yields of milk ( P = 0·02), fat ( P = 0·02) and protein ( P = 0·06) quadratically. The maximum milk yield was obtained when 240 DU per kg of TMR were offered. Ruminal in situ starch disappearance was not affected by alpha-amylase supplementation in lactating cows or ruminally cannulated steers. Supplemental alpha-amylase extract reduced the molar proportion of propionate in the rumen of steers ( P = 0·08) and lactating cows ( P = 0·04), and in rumen-simulating cultures ( P = 0·04). The supplement also increased the molar proportions of acetate ( P = 0·06) and butyrate ( P = 0·05), and the serum beta-hydroxybutyrate ( P = 0·01) and non-esterified fatty acid ( P = 0·03) concentrations in lactating cows. The improvements in milk production appear to be a consequence of the effects of alpha-amylase on ruminal fermentation and the potential changes in nutrient metabolism that result from them. We conclude that supplemental alpha-amylase may be given to modify ruminal fermentation and improve milk and component yield in lactating Holstein cattle.
Progesterone Target Genes in Breast Cancer Cells

Progesteronin kohdegeenit rintasyopasoluissa Progesteroni l. keltarauhashormoni on paaasiassa munasarjoista ja istukasta erittyva steroidihormoni, joka yhdessa estrogeenin kanssa saatelee merkittavasti lisaantymisbiologisia tapahtumia. Progesteronin synteettisia muotoja progestiineja kaytetaan laajalti osana vaihdevuosien jalkeisessa hormonikorvaushoidossa (HRT), hormonaalisessa ehkaisyssa, seka endometrioosin ja rintasyovan hoidossa. Laajat tutkimukset ovat kuitenkin osoittaneet, etta estrogeenia ja progesteronia sisaltava yhdistelmahoito lisaa riskia sairastua rintasyopaan. Myos hormonaalisia ehkaisyvalmisteita kayttavilla on kohonnut rintasyopariski. Kahdessa klassisessa kohde-elimessaan, kohdussa ja rintarauhasessa, progesteronilla on merkittava vaikutus solujen kasvuun ja erilaistumiseen. Naissa elimissa progestiinit voivat joko lisata tai estaa solujen jakautumista solu – ja kudosspesifisella tavalla. Esimerkiksi kohdun limakalvon pintasolukossa progesteroni estaa estrogeenin aikaansaamaa solukasvua ja lisaa solujen erilaistumista. Sen vuoksi progestiinia (mm. medroksiprogesteroniasetaatti, MPA) annetaan hormonikorvaushoidossa yhdistelmahoitona estrogeenin kanssa kontrolloimaan estrogeenin aikaansaamaa solujen kasvua ja pienentamaan kohdun limakalvon syovan esiintyvyytta. Rintarauhasessa progestiinin rooli solukasvun kontrolloijana on epaselva. Rintarauhasessa progestiineilla on kaksitahoinen vaikutus, silla ne seka lisaavat etta estavat solujen kasvua. Normaalissa rintarauhasessa progestiini lisaa solukasvua ja pitkaaikaisen altistus progesteronille onkin rintasyovan riskitekija. Toisaalta rintarauhasen kasvaimissa ja viljellyissa rintasyopasoluissa, progestiini estaa estrogeenin aikaansaamaa kasvua, johon liittyy myos solujen erilaistumisen lisaantyminen. Progesteronin vaikutus elimistossa valittyy spesifisen vastaanottajamolekyylin, progesteronireseptorin (PR) kautta. Hormonin aktivoima PR saatelee geenien ilmentymista sitoutumalla niiden saatelyalueille. Aktivoimalla tai estamalla geenien ilmentymista progesteroni vaikuttaa solukasvuun ja erilaistumiseen. Mita ovat nama geenit? Tassa vaitoskirjatyossa etsittiin progesteronin ja laajalti kaytetyn synteettisen progestiinin MPA:n kohdegeeneja viljellyista rintasyopasoluista. Tunnistimme useita uusia progesteronin ja MPA:n kohdegeeneja. Tuloksissa on erityisen merkittavaa se, etta loytamamme geenit voivat osaltaan selittaa progesteronin paradoksaaliset vaikutukset rintarauhasen soluissa. Loysimme progestiinien aktivoimia geeneja, joilla tiedetaan olevan kasvua estavia vaikutuksia, mutta toisaalta myos geeneja joiden tiedetaan edistavan solujen kasvua. Tutkimus antaa tukea aiemmin esitetylle hypoteesille, etta progestiinit saatelisivat seka kasvua edistavia etta kasvua estavia geeneja ja solujen ymparisto yms. ratkaisee tapahtuuko soluissa kasvuinhibitio vai kasvustimulus. Kolmen loydetyn proteiinin (DLG5, GPR30 ja S100P) rakennetta ja roolia kasvunsaatelyssa ja rintasyovassa tutkittiin tarkemmin. Ottaen huomioon, etta maailmanlaajuisesti…
INHIBITION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ON RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) USING TROUT SKIN GELATIN EDIBLE FILMS CONTAINING NISIN

Contaminated food can pose high risk of listeriosis for susceptible populations. Listeria monocytogenes has been isolated from fresh, frozen and processed seafood products. Our goal in this study was to develop nisin-containing edible films using trout skin gelatin and test their effectiveness against L. monocytogenes on raw trout fillets (stored at 4 °C and 10 °C) as a strategy for reducing the risk of contamination. Films with 18 μg nisin/cm 2 showed consistent inhibition and were chosen for storage studies conducted at 4 and 10 °C for 30 days. Trout fillets were challenged with 2 log CFU L. monocytogenes /g before or after coating with nisin-containing films. Films with nisin reduced L. monocytogenes counts below the detection limit (0.3 log CFU/g) at 4 °C. At 10 °C, a 0.3 to 1.1 log reduction was observed compared to controls by the end of storage. The effectiveness of treatments depended upon the concentration of nisin and storage temperature. The developed edible films have the potential to reduce pathogens on seafood and can be incorporated with a variety of antimicrobials.
Branqueamento com ozônio em pH neutro - um novo conceito

The effect of medium consistency ozone stage pH was evaluated for brown and oxygen delignified eucalyptus kraft pulp samples obtained from VCP - Luiz Antonio pulp mill. These samples were used as such or previously treated with the hot acid stage (A). The main objective of this study was to determine the viability of increasing the ozone stage pH aiming at decreasing bleaching variable costs. The ozone stage was studied in the pH range of 2.5-9.0, taking into account some important variables which affect ozone bleaching: (1) pulp kappa number entering the ozone stage, (2) reactivity of ozone towards lignin versus hexenuronic acids (HexA´s), (3) pulp treatments prior to ozone stage (acid hydrolysis), and (4) pulp treatments after the ozone stage (extraction or a chlorine dioxide stage). Therefore, the impact of ozone stage pH was investigated in bleaching process such as Z/DEop vs AZ/DEop, Z/DEopD vs AZ/DEopD, Z/E vs AZ/E. The results were interpreted based on ozone stage efficiency and selectivity, and overall bleaching performance measured by the total bleaching chemical consumption required to achieve full brightness, pulp quality and environmental impact. It was concluded that the increase of ozone stage pH from 2.5 to 7.0 has a slightly negative impact on the efficiency and selectivity, measured after Z/DEop sequence, but this effect is not expressive in the end of Z/DEopD bleaching sequence. The increase of ozone stage pH from 2.5 to 7.0 in the sequence Z/DEopD is cost-effective at industrial level because it represents expressive reduction of sulphuric acid and caustic soda demand for pH control in the bleaching plant. These gain areas achieved without any significant changes in pulp quality and effluent load discharge. Nevertheless, the increase of ozone stage pH from 2.5 to 7.0 has a very high negative impact on the efficiency and selectivity for the Z/E and AZ/E processes and it is not recommended in such cases.
genderATlas Österreich – Entwicklung eines zielgruppenorientierten Online-Tools

Im Zuge des Projekts genderATlas wird ein interaktiver Online-Atlas fur Osterreich entwickelt, in dem Daten entsprechend genderspezifischen Fragestellungen in ihrer raumlichen Dimension innovativ aufbereitet und einer breiten Offentlichkeit zur Verfugung gestellt werden. Wesentliche Zielsetzungen der Gestaltung sind die Darstellung raumlicher Auspragungen und Dynamiken geschlechtsspezifisch strukturierter Lebenswelten, eine einfache technische Zuganglichkeit zu Informationen unterschiedlicher Detailliertheit, ansprechende und leicht verstandliche graphische Aufbereitung von Daten und die Nutzbarkeit auf verschiedenen technischen Endgeraten. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden methodische und konzeptionelle Uberlegungen, die der Gestaltung des Online-Prototyps genderATlas zugrunde liegen, dargestellt und anhand beispielhafter Umsetzungen erlautert. Erstens soll der partizipative Zugang des Projekts in Form der kontinuierlichen Einbindung der Zielgruppe sowie die methodische Entscheidung, den Online-Atlas als flexibel gestaltbares Beitragssystem zu konzipieren, diskutiert werden. Zweitens werden die gewahlten Indikatoren und kartographischen Realisierungsstrategien betrachtet. Neben der Reflexion dieser methodischen Entscheidungen werden zuletzt Chancen und Schwachen von Online-Atlanten fur die Behandlung von Genderfragen sowohl aus theoretischer als auch praktischer Sicht erortert.
Relationships among 70 North American Oat Germplasms: I. Cluster Analysis Using Quantitative Characters

Cluster analysis can be used to identify cultivars with similar adaptation, which can be useful for sampling in subsequent studies and parental selection in breeding programs. To test these applications in oat (Avena sativa L. and A. byzantina C. Koch), relationships among 70 current and historically important North American oat cultivars and germplasm accessions were measured using cluster analysis of 13 quantitative characters. Cultivars were planted in replicated field trials at two locations for 2 yr and evaluated for heading date, maturity date, height, tillers per meter row, aboveground biomass, grain weight (.)
Cereal Resources in National BioResource Project of Japan

The National BioResource Project of Japan is a governmental project to promote domestic/international research activities using biological resources. The project has 27 biological resources including three cereal resources. The core center and sub-center which historically collected the cereal resources were selected for each cereal program. These resources are categorized into several different types in the project; germplasm, genetic stocks, genome resources and database information. Contents of rice resources are wild species, local varieties in East and Southwest Asia & wild relatives, MNU-induced chemical mutant lines, marker tester lines, chromosome substitution lines and other experimental lines. Contents of wheat resources are wild strains, cultivated strains, experimental lines, rye wild and cultivated strains; EST clones and full-length cDNA clones. Contents of barley resources are cultivar and experimental lines, core collection, EST/cDNA clones, BAC clones, their filters and superpool DNA. Each resource is accessible from the online database to see the contents and information about the resources. Links to the genome information and genomic tools are also important function of each database. The major contents and some examples are presented here.