Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMS FACED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHERS IN INTEGRATING THE BEHAVIOR COMPETENCE TO THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH BASED ON THE 2013 CURRICULUM AT MTsN MODEL MAKASSAR

This study aims to describe (1) the integration of the spiritual attitude and social attitudes to the teaching of English , (2) the problems faced by English teachers in integrating spiritual attitude and social attitudes to the teaching of English, (3) the English teachers’ effort to cope with the barriers in integrating spiritual attitude and social attitudes to the teaching of English in MTsN Model Makassar.The study was designed in the form of qualitative descriptive study. Subjects in this study were two English teachers in the 7 th grade of MTsN Model Makassar. The data were collected by using the methods of documenting, observation, and interviews. Data were analyzed through triangulation data. The results showed that (1) the integration of the behavior competence to the teaching of English lies on the components of planning, implementation, and assessment. The real integration is carried out by means of motivating/encouragement, warning, direction, reprimand, assignment, and reinforcement to students while participating in teaching and learning activity, (2) the obstacles faced by the English teachers (a) difficulty in reconciling the stated in lesson plan and the real activity occured in the classroom (b) difficulty in dealing with different student’s character, (c) lack of time management in teaching, (d) poor management classroom , (e) the lack of infrastructure, (3) the solutions given by the english teachers sharing with Teachers Working Group (KKG), coordinating with teacher counseling and parents, good teacher-student relationship, and provision of adequate infrastructure.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the integration of the spiritual attitude and social attitude lies on the components of planning, implementation, and assessment of teaching. Its implementation is done by providing reinforcement to the internalization of attitudes. The obstacle lies on the planning and implementation. Advice can be given of the results of this research that teachers should more improve the accuracy in selecting the KD of KI-1 and KI-2 to be integrated into the KD of KI-3 and KI-4 in order to enact the planning conform with the implementation. For the education department, they should further enhance the delivery of training related to the implementation of the 2013 curriculum.
Real-time replication of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) in cell culture systems in vitro

Abstract A swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) replication assay in IB-RS-2, SK-6, and PK-15 cell cultures was performed using the xCELLigence system. The cell status was monitored by impedance measurement, expressed as cell index (CI). Proliferation of particular cells was examined at the beginning of the study. The cells exhibited the ability to form a monolayer, and the CI values increased with the cell culture growth. After about 23 h and while still in the growth phase, the cells were infected with decimal virus dilutions (10-1-10-6) containing from 100 000 to 1 median tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50). SVDV replication in cell cultures induced a change in cell index; together with the occurrence of cytopathic effect (CPE), the CI values declined. A significant correlation between the concentration of the virus used and CPE occurrence was found. The results also enabled determination of cell sensitivity to SVDV infection. The highest sensitivity was exhibited by IB-RS-2, followed by SK-6. To conclude, the xCELLigence System was used effectively and evaluated as being an efficient tool for CPE detection and SVDV replication analysis in cell cultures. Compared to the standard method , it enabled a more precise assessment of viral replication based on the quantitative CI measurement, providing additional current information.
KRAS, EGFR AND PIK3CA mutation in triple negative breast carcinomas

Triple negative breast carcinoma is defined by the absence of oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and the lack of HER2 gene amplification. It comprise 10-17 % of all breast cancers. Though EGFR gene mutaion is rare in triple negative breast cancers, 47-70 % expressed EGFR protein. PIK3CA mutation is a frequent event in breast cancers. We aim to investigate EGFR, KRAS and PIK3CA mutation in triple negative breast carcinomas by pyrosequencing and compare the results with hormone receptor positive and HER2 overexpressed breast carcinomas which were identified by immunohistochemistry. No mutations in Exon 18, 19, 20 and 21 of EGFR gene were detected in all groups. KRAS mutation was identified in only one case. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 9 of TNBC ( 23.7 %), 5 of hormone receptors positive, HER2-negative tumors (50 %) In HER2-positive tumors, no mutations were detected in PIK3CA gene. Our results revealed that PIK3CA inhibitors might be a new candidate in the targeted treatment of triple negative breast cancers that were resistant to chemotherpy. These results should be supported by large series with survival analysis.
Studies on SOLO Working Mechanism in the Meiosis of Drosophila melanogaster

In eukaryotes, sister chromatids are closely aligned due to cohesion, a process essential for chromosome pairing and segregation during both mitosis and meiosis. A conserved cohesin complex in a ring structure is composed of four subunits, including each of these four members or their homologs, SMC1, SMC3, SCC1/RAD21/REC8, and SCC3/SA. Up to now, no REC8 homolog has been identified in the meiosis of Drosophila. SOLO is a meiotic protein required for accurate chromosome segregation, centromere cohesion, and cohesin complex localization in Drosophila meiosis. In addition, SOLO is required for synapsis and recombination in Drosophila female meiosis. In this study, we further analyzed the working mechanism of SOLO and the SOLOcontaining cohesion complex in Drosophila meiosis. SOLO C-terminal residues conserved with SCC1/ RAD21/ REC8 are essential for its chromosome localization, accurate chromosome segregation and centromere cohesion. Furthermore, yeast twohybrid revealed that SOLO interacts with SA; in addition, it interacts with SMC1 and SMC3 with its C and N terminus, respectively. Similar to RAD21, SOLO interacts with Drosophila Separase homolog SSE based on the results from yeast two-hybrid. These results taken together support that SOLO might work as the SCC1/REC8 homolog in Drosophila meiosis.
Molecular Surveillance of Avian Influenza in Live Bird Market of Qom City in Iran

vian influenza (AI) has emerged as a disease with significant potential to disrupt commercial poultry production often resulting in extensive losses (1). Influenza is caused by a zoonotic virus that occurs in lower animals and birds as well as in humans. Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family of RNA viruses and are divided into five genera: Influenza A, B, C virus, Thogtovirus and Isavirus (2, 3). A viruses can be divided into subtypes on the basis of the possession of one of 16 antigenically distinct Haemagglutinin (HA) antigens and one of the 9 Neuraminidase (NA) antigens (4). Virtually all HA and NA combinations have been isolated from birds (3). Live Bird Markets (LBM) have been recognized as a productive source and important manmade reservoir of AI virus (AIV) linked to outbreaks of influenza in commercial poultry farms and humans. LBMs provide an ideal tool for genetic mixing and spreading of the influenza virus. Because they bring together numerous hosts (e.g. Chickens, Ducks, turkeys and quail) in close contact and high density. So viral reassortment and inter species transmission have accrued. Long term replication of AIV in even unnatural host species can lead to accelerated mutation rates for AIV. LBMs are therefore hypothesized to be a missing link in the epidemiology of AIV and it is important that the LBMs be routinely monitored for AIV. Low & High Pathogenic AIV has been isolated repeatedly from LBMs. Presence of this virus in the LBMs poses a significant risk to the commercial poultry in any region (3, 5). Investigations conducted in Hong Kong following the first H5N1 outbreak in humans in 1997 determined that exposure to poultry in LBM was a key risk factor for human disease (6, 7) Since 1998, H9N2 AI outbreaks have been one of the major problems in Iranian poultry industry. In 2006, H5N1 report in swans in northern of Iran, but to this time we don’t have official report from commercial flocks in Iran A
The Role of Entrepreneurial Strategy-Making Dimensions towards Internet Business Performance in Malaysia

Internet business today is facing major transformations due mainly to increased competition, changes in consumer behaviour, and technological advancements. As Internet business is an important growth engine in Malaysia nowadays, a potential of a good entrepreneurial strategy-making (ESM) can be discovered to develop Malaysian Internet business. Besides, ESM is recognised as the driver of growth and profitability. Thus, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework related to the role of ESM dimensions, which is the role of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking towards organisational performance of Internet business in Malaysia. As such, this article includes a discussion of the background and the uniqueness of the Internet business and highlighting the role of entrepreneurial strategymaking (ESM) dimensions that have a relationship towards organisational performance of Internet business. The paper concludes with implementation of effective strategy-making that can benefit the Internet entrepreneur in future.
The Occurrence and Infectivity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Inoculated and Uninoculated Rhizosphere Soils of Two-year-old Commercial Grapevines.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal populations present in the rhizosphere of vine roots in the vineyards of a commercial farm in the Stellenbosch Region were investigated using microscopic analyses. AM root colonisation levels of between 70% and 90% were found in both grapevine roots that were previously artificially inoculated with commercial AM inocula, and in uninoculated (control) grapevine roots. The AM fungal isolates in the rhizosphere soil, identified using morphological criteria, belonged to the genera Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora. The majority of species found was not present in the commercial inocula and was either indigenous to the vineyard or originated from the nursery where the vines were obtained. Isolates of Glomus and Acaulospora appeared to be the most abundant. The AM fungal species occurred at a soil phosphorus (P) concentration of up to 80 mg/kg P and a soil pH (KCl) that ranged between 5.63 and 6.10. Total spore counts ranged between 1 000 and 3 779 spores/100 g dry soil. In accordance with literature, lower spore concentrations were recorded for the heavier soil types with no cover crop system, compared with the sandy soil type on which cover crops were sown annually.
Engineering Education in the Nanomachining Technology Curriculum

Prospective and current machining technologies in nano-scale features are introduced in this subject. Conventional machining technologies are based on the top-down method to make engineering products. Using various tooling machines to fabricate components in all kinds of materials is included in this category. It also extends to engineering features in nano-scale. However, the bottom-up method is the other approach to create engineering products. It is based on the basic chemical reaction using atoms accumulation and atomic synthesis for super molecule formation. These two principles provide main trends for nanomachining technologies. In view of engineering aspects, both theories and experiments of nanotechnology should be connected into a practical object. This subject includes practical machining methods and related theories for engineering education in nanotechnology. Fundamental processing technologies in the nanomachining are based on MEMS (microelectromechanical system) technology. MEMS technology opens a window to explore nanomachining technology and provides a step to jump into quantum devices. The curriculum has to start MEMS technology and scale effect on the nano-world. Tools and techniques of nanofabrication are introduced for students' understanding on present machining progress. Nanolithography process is based on microlithography development for advanced ULSI application. It is an important technique in the nano-patterns fabrication. Particle beam nanofabrication is related to electron and ion lithography process. They provide nano particles as bombards to create nano-patterns and form functional structures. Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) machining is a convenient machining to pattern nano objects. It exceeds the Rayleigh limit to observe and pattern objects within subwavelength. SPM (scanning probe microscopy) has played a machining role in the nanomachining process, such as atomic fore microscopy (AFM) using its nano-probes to pattern nano wires and manipulate other nano-objects. Nano-tip fabrication methods are explored for SPM applications. Other related nano-machining technologies, such as positional control, stages, and metrology are essential in this subject. After teaching sessions, student presentations are required for individual case. Peer evaluation for student presentation is practiced. The results show a learning and instruction effect. It enhances and promotes students' attitude in the nanomachining technologies.
The Dynamics of New Englishes: From Identity Construction to Dialect Birth

So-called NEW ENGLISHES, distinct forms of English which have emerged in postcolonial settings and countries around the globe, have typically been regarded individually, as unique varieties shaped by idiosyncratic historical conditions and contact settings, and no coherent theory to account for these processes has been developed so far. This article argues that despite all obvious dissimilarities, a fundamentally uniform developmental process, shaped by consistent sociolinguistic and language-contact conditions, has operated in the individual instances of rerooting the English language in another territory. At the heart of this process there are characteristic stages of identity construction by the groups involved, with similar relationships between the parties in migration contact settings (i.e. the indigenous population and immigrant groups, respectively) having resulted in analogous processes of mutual accommodation and, consequently, similar sociolinguistic and structural outcomes. Outlining a basic developmental scenario, I suggest that speech communities typically undergo five consecutive phases in this processÑFOUNDATION, EXONORMATIVE STABILIZATION, NATIVIZATION, ENDONORMATIVE STABILIZATION, and DIFFERENTIATION Ñand I describe the sociolinguistic characteristics of each one. This framework is then applied to case studies of seven different countries (Fiji, Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand) which, I argue, are currently positioned at different points along the developmental cycle.
Concentration and Biomagnification of Heavy Metals in Biota of the Coastal Marine Areas of Tanzania

The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Hg, Cr, Pb and Zn) were measured in the macroalgae, macrobenthos and fish from the Tanzanian coastal marine environment in order to ascertain the biomagnification using stable isotopes of C and N. Macroalgae samples from the central marine areas of the Tanzanian coast had higher mean concentrations of Hg (0.17 ± 0.01 μg/g) and Cr (23.7 ± 4.15 μg/g) compared to other locations. Higher concentration of Hg (0.06 ± 0.02 μg/g) was detected in the Ulva fasciata close to the Msimbazi Creek in Dar es Salaam, whereas the highest concentration of Cr (45.5 ± 6.83 μg/g) was found in Ulva petrusa near Dar es Salaam port. The crab Portunus pelagicus collected from Pangani river estuary contained 411.5 ± 13.04 μg/g of Zn. The other metals were uniformly distributed in macrobenthos from the entire coast. Mercury and lead in the biota were found to biomagnify along the Arius dussumieri and Lethrinus lentjan food chains as suggested by the significant positive relationships between log-pollutant concentrations in fish muscle tissues vs. δN signatures. Zinc in muscle tissues was found to be transferred along the food webs although no biomagnification was observed. Arsenic and chromium were found to decrease with the rise of the trophic position. Metal concentrations in macroalgae, macrobenthos and fish were compared with quality guidelines values by FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) in 1983 and they all were below permissible limits for human consumption.
Interest-Rate Changes and the Value of a Non-life Insurance Company

How does a change in the risk-free interest-rate affect the value of a non-life insurance company or portfolio? Risk managers typically argue that there should be little impact as long as assets and liabilities are properly matched. However, the risk-management perspective focuses on existing assets and liabilities, while neglecting the value of future business potential. This paper argues that interest-rate changes can have a significant impact on the appraisal value of a non-life insurance company, even if assets and liabilities are matched. This impact can be positive as well as negative, depending on the underlying parameters. Relevant parameters include reserving intensity, combined ratio, business growth-rate, asset allocation, risk-capital relative to premium income and the correlation between interest-rate and technical insurance results.
Reaction of soybean cultivars to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Meloidogyne javanica is one of the main nematodes that attack soybean crops and although genetic resistance is the ideal control measure, few cultivars are described as resistant among the innumerous cultivars recommended for the Central Region of Brazil. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the reaction of 29 soybean cultivars to M. javanica . Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely random­ized design with six replications. The plants were inoculated with a suspension of 2000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica and the evaluations occurred sixty days after the inoculation (DAI), determining the nematode population density and the reproduction factor. Based on the results from these two experiments we conducted another experiment selecting four soybean cultivars, one moderately resistant and three with an unknown behavior. These cultivars were inoculated with different concentrations of M. javanica inoculum. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with twelve replications. Evaluations were carried out at 10 DAI by observing the number of J2 and J3/ root system. At 45 DAI the nematode population density in the roots was evaluated. Of the soybean cultivars tested, none behaved as resistant. However, the cultivars UFU Carajas and BRSGO Paraiso presented less M. javanica development in the roots compared to the P98Y70 and NS 7478 and as the inoculum pressure was increased, the penetration and development of the nematode in the roots increased.
Effectively Opening Labor and Capital Markets: The interplay among foreign direct investment, trade, and immigration

This paper presents a study of the dynamic interactions of two policies—inward foreign direct investment (FDI) promotion and immigration enhancement—together with choices of trade or FDI. Despite growing concern about FDI-migration relationships, the literature has not explored the dynamic interactions among FDI, trade, and immigration. Our analysis distinguishes the different effects of immigration from short-run and long-run perspectives and shows that larger immigration stocks induce FDI inflows, although immigration flows are substitutable for FDI inflows. Additionally, skilled (unskilled) immigration flows are complementary to (substitutable for) FDI inflows. Furthermore, the relative importance of FDI inflows increases compared to imports when skilled immigration flows increase. While the two policies are often suggested to resolve shortages of domestic savings and labor, our results have implications on how to tackle the increasingly daunting policy issue of population aging.
Agronomic Factors Influencing Brassica Productivity and Phytochemical Quality

Agronomic practices and climatic factors affect the content and profile of phytochemi - cals. The effects of the environment, such as salinity, climate, and other abiotic factors, promote biochemical responses, inducing changes in the quantity and quality of poly - phenol compounds, carotenoids, vitamins, glucosinolates, and polyamines, which are bioactive compounds. In plants, among the various functions, some phytochemicals can protect against biotic factors. Brassica vegetables are a source of several primary and sec ondary metabolism compounds, and they might be responsible for disease prevention. In addition, the increase of bioactive compounds in plant-based foods is important to the diet and consequently for the improvement of public health. In this chapter, we will point out the abiotic factors that affect the productive performance, quality, and chemical com position of different Brassica species and cultivars. We will also discuss its implications on plant protection and human health.
MULTI-LAYER DECENTRALIZED PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR LARGE-SCALE NETWORKED SYSTEMS

In this thesis, a multi-layer decentralized model predictive control (ML-DMPC) strategy is proposed to be researched for its application to large-scale networked systems (LSNS). The approach aims to exploit the periodic nature of the system disturbance and the availability of both static and dynamic models of the LSNS. The topology of the controller will be structured in two layers. First, an upper layer will be in charge of achieving the global objectives from a set O of control objectives given for the LSNS. This layer will work with a sampling time ∆t1, corresponding to the disturbance period. Second, a lower layer, with a sampling time ∆t2, ∆t1 > ∆t2, will be in charge of computing the references for the system actuators in order to satisfy the local objectives from the set of control objectives O. A system partitioning will allow to establish a hierarchical flow of information between a set C of controllers designed based on model predictive control (MPC). Therefore, the whole proposed ML-DMPC strategy will result in a centralized optimization problem for considering the global control objectives, followed of a decentralized scheme for reaching the local control objectives. Each decentralized local MPC controller will be designed with robustness to measured stochastic disturbances and actuator health degradation, and with self-tuning capabilities. This control design aims to improve both the performance and the overall reliability of the LSNS. In addition to formalize the synthesis of the ML-DMPC controller, this thesis aims to analyse conditions for feasibility and stability guarantees. The proposed ML-DMPC approach will be applied to a real case study: the water transport network of Barcelona (Spain), in order to assess the results in terms of system modularity, computational burden and sub-optimality of the system performance in comparison with a centralized MPC (CMPC) strategy.
Bio-Inspired Energy Efficient Node Scheduling Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

The energy consumption problem should be taken into consideration in wireless sensor network. Many studies have been proposed to address the energy consumption and delay problem. In this paper, we propose BISA(Bio-inspired Scheduling Algorithm) to reduce the energy consumption and delay in wireless sensor networks based on biological system. BISA investigates energy-efficient routing path and minimizes the energy consumption and delay using multi-channel for data transmission by multiplexing data transmission path. Through simulation, we confirm that the proposed scheme guarantees the efficient energy consumption and delay requirement.