Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic analysis reveals shared genes and pathways in human and canine angiosarcoma

Angiosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer of blood vessel-forming cells with high fatality and few effective treatment options. It is both rare and heterogenous, making large, well powered genomic studies nearly impossible. In dogs, angiosarcoma is common, with breeds like the golden retriever carrying heritable genetic factors that put them at very high risk. If the clinical similarity of canine and human angiosarcoma reflects shared genomic etiology, dogs could be a critically needed model for advancing angiosarcoma research. We assessed the genomic landscape of canine angiosarcoma via whole exome sequencing (47 golden retriever angiosarcomas) and RNA sequencing (74 angiosarcomas from multiple breeds). The predominant mutational signature was the age-associated deamination of cytosine to thymine, and somatic coding mutations occurred most frequently in the tumor suppressor TP53 (59.6% of cases) as well as two genes in the PI3K pathway: the oncogene PIK3CA (29.8%) and its regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (8.5%). We compared the canine data to human data recently released by The Angiosarcoma Project, and found the same genes and many of the same pathways significantly enriched for somatic mutations, most notably protein kinases, glycoproteins, fibronectin Type III domains, EGF-like domains, and cell adhesion proteins such as cadherins. As in human angiosarcoma, CDKN2A/B was recurrently deleted and VEGFA, KDR, and KIT recurrently gained. Canine angiosarcoma closely models human angiosarcoma on a genomic level, and is a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of this devastating disease.
Spatially resolved dust-to-gas mass ratios in nearby galaxies

Abstract We analyse the dust-to-gas mass ratio (DGR) in nearby galaxies on kiloparsec scales. We focus on their dependence on metallicity and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor, αco. We use a sample of 25 nearby galaxies from SINGS and combine our data with CO (2-1) and H I observations from the HERACLES and THINGS surveys. We implement a Hierarchical Bayesian method to derive the dust mass via fitting the infrared data from 100 to 500 μm with a single modified blackbody. We find that the DGR-metallicity relation follows a power law and we study its strong dependency on the conversion factor αco. Our results indicate a strong connection between interstellar dust and gas. The resolved DGR-metallicity relation cannot be represented with a single power law. The scatter in this relation shows the strong impact of several processes that take place in every galaxy.
Factor Tilts and Asset Allocation

Factor investing has received much attention from academics and practitioners, as well as from individual and institutional investors. It has become usual for investors that aim to enhance returns to add to the core of their portfolios a factor satellite, thus tilting their portfolios toward factors that have produced a long-term risk premium. However, in most cases, investors behaving this way are not fully invested in stocks, which begs an interesting question: Should an investor with a two-asset portfolio of broadly-diversified stocks and bonds tilt the stocks slice of his portfolio toward (small-cap and value) factors, or would he be better off by simply increasing the allocation to broadly-diversified stocks in his two-asset portfolio? The results discussed here, based on different samples and sample periods, support the notion of factor-tilting portfolios.
Accuracy of gene expression prediction from genotype data with PrediXcan varies across diverse populations

Predicting gene expression with genetic data has garnered significant attention in recent years. PrediXcan is one of the most widely used gene-based association methods for testing imputed gene expression values with a phenotype due to the invaluable insight the method has shown into the relationship between complex traits and the component of gene expression that can be attributed to genetic variation. The prediction models for PrediXcan, however, were obtained using supervised machine learning methods and training data from the Depression and Gene Network (DGN) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data, where the majority of subjects are of European descent. Many genetic studies, however, include samples from multi-ethnic populations, and in this paper we assess the accuracy of gene expression predictions with PrediXcan in diverse populations. Using transcriptomic data from the GEUVADIS (Genetic European Variation in Health and Disease) RNA sequencing project and whole genome sequencing data from the 1000 Genomes project, we evaluate and compare the predictive performance of PrediXcan in an African population (Yoruban) and four European populations. Prediction results are obtained using a range of models from PrediXcan weight databases, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient is used to measure prediction accuracy. We demonstrate that the predictive performance of PrediXcan varies across populations (F-test p-value < 0.001), where prediction accuracy is the worst in the Yoruban sample compared to European samples. Moreover, the performance of PrediXcan varies not only among distant populations, but also among closely related populations as well. We also find that the qualitative performance of PrediXcan for the populations considered is consistent across all weight databases used.
Physiochemical Properties and Identification of Elite Genotypes for Improved Sorghum Breeding in Tanzania

Variability in physiochemical properties in sorghum is critical in cultivar development for optimum grain quality and crop resistance against fungal and insect pests. These traits are not well studied. The objective of this study was to characterize sorghum genotypes based on kernel phenotypic and biochemical traits and identify promising genotypes for better utilization of these traits in sorghum breeding. 98 sorghum genotypes comprised by the released varieties, breeding lines, hybrids and local cultivars were studied using qualitative and quantitative parameters. 75.51% of these genotypes have thick pericarp, 33.67% have testa layer, and 7.0% showed mostly-corneous endosperm texture. Results revealed a wide variability among studied genotypes in terms of phenotypic and biochemical properties (p<0.001). A cross IES11038 X A1GD 34553 recorded the highest 100 seed weight (6.2g). Pato and IESV 92174DL were the hardest genotypes with 110.33 and 108.4N respectively. Protein content ranged from 6.52 to 12.23%, of which Naco Mtama 1 and IESV 24030SH were the promising genotypes. Genotypes ICSA 88006 x IESV92172DL, ICSA15 x R8602 and GADAM recorded the highest starch concentration (79 g/100g). The identified elite genotypes could enable selection and hybridization of useful traits.
Interacciones temporales y espaciales de mesocarnívoros simpátricos en una Reserva de la Biosfera: ¿coexistencia o competencia?

Interspecific interactions among tropical mesocarnivorous species and other mammalian trophic guilds have been poorly studied, despite they have important implications in the survival, structure, demography, and distribution of these species. In this study we analyzed spatio-temporal interactions of three sympatric mesocarnivores that are located in the Northeastern limit of their geographic distribution in Mexico, with the objective of analyzing if these species coexist or compete in the axis of the temporal and spatial niche. With a sampling period from January 2015 to December 2016 and 26 camera-trapping stations (with in a set of two camera traps opposite to each other) and located along roads and animal trails, we determined the activity pattern and habitat use of L. wiedii (margay), L. pardalis (ocelote) y P. yagouaroundi (yaguarundi). All independent photographs of each species were grouped into three temporal categories (day, night and twilight) and six habitat categories; Oak Forest, Oak-Pine Forest, Cloud Forest, Pine-Oak Forest, Tropical Deciduous Forest and Medium Forest. Temporal and spatial overlap between species (i.e interactions) was obtained with the Czekanowski index and the Pianka index, respectively. These indices are symmetrical and take values from zero to one, where the results close to zero indicate that there is no overlap between species and values close to one indicate overlap. We obtained a total of 379 independent photographs, of which 239 corresponded to margay, 118 to ocelot and 22 to yaguarundi. Margay and ocelot were nocturnal, with 75 % of their records in this category showing a high temporal overlap (0.85); whereas yaguarundi was fully diurnal, suggesting it may be able to coexist with the other two species (margay and ocelot). Moreover, the yaguarundi used habitat similar to ocelot and margay (with high spatial overlap of 0.81 and 0.72, respectively), while the spatial overlap between the margay and ocelot was intermediate (0.53), since they used in most cases different habitat types. Our results suggest that there is no interspecific competition among these tropical mesocarnivorous species, probably due to antagonistic interactions among them on the temporal and spatial axis. These strategies may positively favor populations of mesocarnivores, which are characterized by having a high territorial behavior.
Arsinoitherium (Embrithopoda) and other large mammals and plants from the Oligocene of Tunisia

Abstract Palaeogene large mammals are poorly represented in Tunisia, in contrast to Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Egypt, where abundant and diverse faunas are known. Oligocene proboscideans have been recorded from four localities in Tunisia (Djebel Bou Gobrine, Oued Bazina, Bled Mellaha and Djebel Touila) but little else from this period is known from the country. For this reason it is worth recording the discovery of an arsinoithere tooth fragment from the divide between Oued Cherichera and Oued Grigema, Central Tunisia. This discovery confirms the presence of continental Oligocene strata in the region, and the palaeodistribution of Arsinoitherium 1,300 km to the north-northwest of its previously established range. Arsinoitheres are now known to have been widespread throughout the Afro-Arabian continent. Although palaeoclimatic data for the Oligocene of Tunisia is still scarce, fossil plants suggest that, during the Oligocene, the country enjoyed a tropical to sub-tropical humid climate, in accordance with the presence of Arsinoitherium, Phiomia and an anthracothere, taxa that are also present in the classic Fayum faunas of Egypt and the Ashawq faunas of Oman.
Organization and Regulation of Chromatin by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation

Genomic DNA is highly compacted in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells as a nucleoprotein assembly called chromatin1. The basic unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, where ∼146 base pair increments of the genome are wrapped and compacted around the core histone proteins2,3. Further genomic organization and compaction occur through higher order assembly of nucleosomes4. This organization regulates many nuclear processes, and is controlled in part by histone post-transtranslational modifications and chromatin-binding proteins. Mechanisms that regulate the assembly and compaction of the genome remain unclear5,6. Here we show that in the presence of physiologic concentrations of mono- and divalent salts, histone tail-driven interactions drive liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of nucleosome arrays, resulting in substantial condensation. Phase separation of nucleosomal arrays is inhibited by histone acetylation, whereas histone H1 promotes phase separation, further compaction, and decreased dynamics within droplets, mirroring the relationship between these modulators and the accessibility of the genome in cells7-10. These results indicate that under physiologically relevant conditions, LLPS is an intrinsic behavior of the chromatin polymer, and suggest a model in which the condensed phase reflects a genomic “ground state” that can produce chromatin organization and compaction in vivo. The dynamic nature of this state could enable known modulators of chromatin structure, such as post-translational modifications and chromatin binding proteins, to act upon it and consequently control nuclear processes such as transcription and DNA repair. Our data suggest an important role for LLPS of chromatin in the organization of the eukaryotic genome.
Quality evaluation of buffalo meat patties incorporated with apple pomace powder

Meat patties have gained immense popularity due to its delicious and higher nutritional values. In this study, buffalo meat patties were incorporated with apple pomace powder to investigate its effect on quality and sensory parameters of the patty. For this, apple pomace powder was added to patties in different proportions 2, 4, 6 and 8 weight percent (w/w). With an increase in apple pomace powder incorporation the water holding capacity, cooking yield, emulsion stability of meat emulsion increased. After cooking the moisture content, water activity, fat and crude fibre of patties increased while as the pH decreased. The effect on textural properties like firmness, toughness and hardness of patty increased which was well supported with the images of scan electron microscope which showed the compact structure of treated patties. The instrumental colour evaluation indicated that patties turned more red and darker than the control patty. From the sensory analysis of patties only up to 6% incorporation of apple pomace powder were acceptable.
L'IRM cérébrale chez les patients hospitalisés pour un premier épisode psychotique en centre hospitalier général

Introduction : il existe peu de travaux de recherche qui ont etudie les pratiques en France concernant la realisation systematique d’une IRM cerebrale chez les patients presentant un premier episode psychotique. Objectif : le but de cette etude etait d’evaluer le nombre d’IRM cerebrales realisees chez les patients presentant un premier episode psychotique hospitalises dans un service de psychiatrie en centre hospitalier general. Materiel et methodes : nous avons realise une etude retrospective en analysant systematiquement les dossiers de 263 patients ayant presente des symptomes psychotiques entre janvier 2017 et mai 2019. Resultats : parmi ces 263 patients, 47 dossiers de premiers episodes psychotiques ont ete retrouves dont 14 avaient passe une IRM cerebrale au cours de leur hospitalisation. Les diagnostics ulterieurs de ces 14 patients etaient dans 28% des cas une entree dans la demence dont l’une serait d’origine vasculaire, dans 21% des cas un trouble psychotique aigu, une entree dans la schizophrenie ou un trouble de l’humeur avec des symptomes psychotiques, dans 7% des cas un trouble schizo-affectif. Conclusion : dans cette etude, nous avons retrouve que la frequence des IRM cerebrales etait realisee dans 30% des patients presentant des premiers episodes psychotiques hospitalises en centre hospitalier general alors que les recommandations de la litterature le recommandent dans un but diagnostique et pronostique. Des etudes ulterieures pourraient permettre de developper des biomarqueurs dont l’IRM cerebrale pour pouvoir argumenter la realisation de l’imagerie en hopital general.
The distributions of morphologically specialized hummingbirds coincide with floral trait matching across an Andean elevational gradient

Morphological trait matching between species affects resource partitioning in mutualistic systems. Yet, the determinants of spatial variation in trait matching remain largely unaddressed. Here, we generate a hypothesis that is based on the geographical distributions of species morphologies. To illustrate our hypothesis, as a study system we use hummingbirds in the tropical Andes. Hummingbirds with specialized morphologies (i.e., long or curved bills) may forage on flowers that are inaccessible to hummingbirds with generalized bill morphologies (i.e., small‐to‐medium‐sized bills with no curvature), yet the vast majority of hummingbirds have generalized bill morphologies. Thus, we propose that trait matching across space is determined by the distribution of morphological specialists. In the Andes, we observe the richness of specialized hummingbird morphotypes to peak at high and low elevations. Therefore, we hypothesize that trait matching should be most influential in predicting pairwise interactions at high and low elevations. We illustrate our hypothesis by field observations along an elevational gradient in Podocarpus National Park (Ecuador). Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling of interaction frequencies in combination with network analyzes, we found that hummingbirds at high and low elevations contributed to resource partitioning by foraging on morphologically close‐matching flowers. Moreover, at high and low elevations, hummingbirds with specialized morphologies showed a stronger tendency to visit close‐matching flowers than morphological non‐specialists did. In contrast, at mid‐elevations, hummingbirds were not attracted to morphologically close‐matching flowers. These results suggest that the spatial distribution of specialized morphotypes determines trait matching and the partitioning of interactions within hummingbird–plant communities.
Old series, new signals. The economic cycle in light of wavelet analysis

The economic cycle is a subject of recurring debate in the specialized bibliography. Both from the conceptual point of view and its empirical recognition, there is no consensus regarding the causes and concrete forms of this characteristic of the economy. In particular, the statements regarding the existence of a long wave, proposed by different authors of the early twentieth century, are a source of debate. In this work we propose an empirical review of series traditionally used in economic analysis, such as the product, wages, and gold, for the United States and the United Kingdom, from the 18th century to the present, using a technique originally developed in the area of signal analysis. The objective is to seek new evidence regarding the presence of a well-deﬁned cycle in long periods of economic history. For this, we use Wavelets analysis in search of low-frequency signals, or long periods. The results show favorable evidence to the existence of three distinct cycles, one of which would be of amplitude around 50 years.
Overview of Seasonal Prevalence of Liver Fluke & Rumen Fluke Infestation in Cattle and Buffalo of Western Chitwan, Nepal

Fluke infestation in domestic animals is one of the major problems of farmers in tropical condition of Chitwan. A prospective study was done in western Chitwan, Bharatpur Metropolitan City, ward 26 &16, Nepal in two different seasons-summer and winter to describe the seasonal prevalence of fluke infestation in dairy cattle and buffalo. Sedimentation technique of faecal examination was performed to recover the parasite eggs. In the study, the prevalence of fluke infestation was found to be higher in the summer (26%) than in winter (22%). Similarly, among cattle Jersey cross (39.5%) showed the highest infestation of flukes among the breeds followed by Jersey (12.5%), among the buffalo breed the rate of infestation was found higher in Murrah cross (21.4%) followed by local (20.0%). No Murrah breed in the study were positive for GI parasite. In the study carried out in 38 calf, 7 heifer and 55 mother the faecal examination for fluke egg was positive 26.3% of calves, 28.6% of heifers and 21.8% of mothers respectively. Out of 43 buffalo and 57 cattle the parasitic infestation was found in 18.6% and 28.1% of sample respectively. Although cattle were seen more susceptible to flukes, the relation was not statistically significant. The study shows that the fluke infestation may be producing subsequent production loss due to its high prevalence in dairy cattle and buffalo.
Étude des bases cérébrales de la maladie à corps de Lewy par IRM multimodale

Deuxieme pathologie neurodegenerative cognitive la plus frequente apres la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA), lamaladie a corps de Lewy (MCL) demeure pourtant mal connue et constitue encore aujourd’hui un reelchallenge, a la fois sur les plans clinique et scientifique et en matiere de sante publique. L’imagerie parresonance magnetique (IRM), technique non invasive et multimodale, constitue une approche particulierementprometteuse pour enrichir la comprehension des mecanismes cerebraux sous-jacents a cette maladie. Dans lecadre de ce travail de these, nous nous sommes interesses aux modifications cerebrales fonctionnelles,structurelles et microstructurelles survenant chez les patients MCL aux stades precoces, compares a despatients MA et des sujets sains âges, et a leur liens avec certains symptomes-cles de la MCL tels que lesfluctuations cognitives. Les etudes realisees comprenaient des analyses de connectivite fonctionnelle au coursd’un paradigme visuoperceptif et a l’etat de repos, des analyses morphometriques, ainsi que des analysesquantitatives multiparametriques. Les resultats obtenus mettent en evidence chez les patients MCL aux stadesprecoces des perturbations de la connectivite fonctionnelle au repos entre le reseau de saillance, le reseau pardefaut et les reseaux attentionnels, probablement secondaires a des dysconnexions precoces a l’interieur dureseau de saillance. Ces changements de connectivite, associes a des modifications subtiles du volume dematiere grise au sein du systeme cholinergique, pourraient contribuer a l’emergence des fluctuationscaracterisant la MCL. Enfin, les patients MCL presentent des anomalies de diffusion au sein de la substancegrise dans les regions frontales et le cortex cingulaire anterieur, et de la substance blanche dans les regionsoccipitales et parietales, susceptibles de favoriser les anomalies de connectivite fonctionnelle.
Effects of Sucrose, Boric Acid, pH, and Incubation Time on in Vitro Germination of Pollen and Tube Growth of Chinese fir (Cunnighamial lanceolata L.)

In vitro pollen germination provides a novel approach and strategy to accelerate genetic improvement of tree breeding. Studies about pollen germination and tube growth of Chinese fir are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of sucrose, boric acid, pH, and time of incubation on pollen germination and tube growth. Pollen from 9 clones were selected. In vitro germination was performed in basic media as control, and in different concentrations of sucrose (0, 10 and 15%), boric acid (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2%), and pH levels (4.5, 5 and 7). Pollen germination rates and tube growth were recorded periodically at 1, 12, 24, and 48 h. The results showed that sucrose imposes significant effects on pollen germination and tube growth. The effects are most obvious at concentration of 15%. Boric acid significantly promoted germination and tube growth. The promotion was most notable in lower concentration of 0.01%. The media adjusted to pH 7.0 boosted the germination and pollen tube growth. The optimum time of incubation was 24 and 48 h for pollen germination and tube growth, respectively. Sucrose, pH, and time of incubation were positively correlated, whereas boric acid negatively correlated with pollen germination and tube growth. This study provided experimental evidences for selecting viable pollens for Chinese fir breeding.
The Role of Membrane Glycoprotein Plasma Cell 1 on Insulin Resistance

報告番号: 甲15405 ; 学位授与年月日: 2000-03-29 ; 学位の種別: 課程博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(医学) ; 学位記番号: 博医第1591号 ; 研究科・専攻: 医学系研究科内科学専攻