Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Packaging Cooked Turkey Meat Patties while Hot Reduces Lipid Oxidation

Elimination of oxygen by “hot packaging” reduced the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of meat patties by about 50% in control and myoglobin added, and between 30-40% in ferrous iron added turkey patties, as compared with “cold packaging. ” The TBARS values of hot and cold vacuum packaged patties were significantly lower than those of loosely packaged patties after 1 wk refrigerated storage. Most lipid oxidation in meat patties occurred at day 0, and only small changes in TBARS values were observed after 1 wk storage. Although the prooxidants in meat were major factors in promotion of lipid oxidation of cooked meat, hot packaging minimized their effects.
Emergence in Science and Philosophy

List of Figures Introduction, Antonella Corradini and Timothy O'Connor PART I: Emergence: General Perspectives Introduction to Part 1 1. The Secret Lives of Emergents, Hong Yu Wong 2. On the Implications of Scientific Composition and Completeness: Or, The Troubles, and Troubles, of Non-Reductive Physicalism, Carl Gillett 3. Weak Emergence and Context-sensitive Reduction, Mark Bedau 4. Two Varieties of Causal Emergentism, Michele Di Francesco 5. The Emergence of Group Cognition, Georg Theiner and Timothy O'Connor PART II: Self, Agency and Free Will Introduction to Part 2 6. Why My Body is Not Me: The Unity Argument for Emergentist Self-Body Dualism, E. J. Lowe 7. What About the Emergence of Consciousness Deserves Puzzlement? , Martine Nida Rumelin 8. The Emergence of Rational Souls, Uwe Meixner 9. Are Deliberations and Decisions Emergent, if Free? , Achim Stephan 10. Is Emergentism Refuted by the Neurosciences? The Case of Free Will, Mario De Caro PART III: Physics, Mathematics, and the Special Sciences Introduction to part 3 11. Emergence in Physics, Patrick Mcgivern And Alexander Rueger 12. The Emergence of the Intuition of Truth in Mathematical Thought, Sergio Galvan 13. The Emergence of Mind at the Co-evolutive Level, Arturo Carsetti 14. Emerging Mental Phenomena: Implications for Psychological Explanation, Alessandro Antonietti 15. How Special are Special Sciences? , Antonella Corradini Notes on Contributors Index
Conjugated linoleic acid in pacu diets: deposition time, performance and fatty acids profile

Avaliou-se a influencia da adicao (1,2%) de acido linoleico conjugado (CLA) na dieta sobre o desempenho, a deposicao e o perfil de acidos graxos na carne de pacus. Foram utilizados 112 pacus em crescimento (256,19 ± 24,09), distribuidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e quatro repeticoes, em oito tanques (1 m3 cada), e alimentados ate a saciedade aparente, tres vezes ao dia, durante 60 dias. Utilizou-se dieta extrusada, com 28% PB e 3.000 kcal ED/kg de racao. A cada duas semanas, foram coletados oito peixes de cada tratamento (dois de cada repeticao) para determinar a composicao de acidos graxos no tempo. Pela analise de Broken-line, a maxima deposicao do cis-9, trans-11, trans-10, cis-12 e do CLA total foi estabelecida com 23, 20 e 21 dias, respectivamente. Nao foram observadas diferencas no desempenho e na composicao quimica do peixe inteiro, do file e do figado. A deposicao de CLA ocorreu em altas concentracoes em todos os tecidos do pacu. O fornecimento de CLA na dieta afetou a composicao de acidos graxos poliinsaturados e monoinsaturados no peixe inteiro, file e figado. A deposicao de CLA em pacus corresponde a ate 3,6% dos lipidios totais no peixe inteiro e no file.
Is Periodic Abstinence from Dairy Products for Half a Year, Detrimental to Bone Health of Children and Adolescents?

The question of “What’s the best diet for children and adolescents which ensures their optimum bone health? ” has triggered this review study of all nutritional habits including the Christian Orthodox Church’s diet with its particular periods of fasting. In order to evaluate the abstinence from dairy products in childhood and adolescence for more than 180 days per year, we assessed the relative knowledge on vegans and vegetarians in relation to calcium intake. We researched the world-wide published experience as well as studies focused on Christian Orthodox Church’s fasting and its contribution to bone health status in children and teenagers with at least one year follow-up randomized controlled trials. During the last 30 years, more than 120 published studies all over the world dispute the generalization that milk consumption during childhood and adolescence relates to “strong bones”. World-wide research experience on vegans and vegetarians reveals that non-diary food resources of calcium fortify the bones, ensure their integrity and development and that calcium daily intake, essential for the bone health, and can be gained from foods other than dairy. Abstinence from dairy products in childhood and adolescence for about 180 days per year –as proposed by the Christian Orthodox Churchseems to act as a means to bone integrity and optimal development.
Floral visitors of weed plants of irrigated orchard areas.

Weeds can impair yield of irrigated fruit crops, studies about their ecology being needed, especially ways of reproduction and association with insects. This work was carried out in Petrolina, PE, Brazil with the objective of identifying the floral visitors of weeds, and classifying them as pollinators and pollen and/or nectar thieves, according to their behavior. The observations were made between May and October of 1998, in 26 not consecutive days, between 7:00 am and 4:00 pm. The weeds were classified in nectariferous and polliniferous when these were visited exclusively for collection of nectar or pollen, and mixed when these were visited to collect both. A grade system was adopted for the frequency evaluation: a- number of visits >30, b - between 10 to 30, c - <10. Among the 24 weeds observed, 14 were classified as nectariferous, six as polliniferous and four were considered mixed. Among the floral visitors, the following bees were registered (Xylocopa grisescens, X. frontalis, Centris aff. perforator, Ptilotrix aff. plumata, Diadasina riparia, Apis mellifera, Trigona spinipes, Eulaema nigrita), butterflies (Ascia monuste, Papilio thoas brasiliensis, Agraulis vanillae) and hummingbirds (Phaethornis sp., Chlorostilbon aureoventris). The bees were predominant in number of species (61.5%) as well as in the frequency of visits. They acted as pollinator agents in 83% of weeds visited. The butterflies were considered nectar thieves, and they acted as pollinator agents only in the case of the species of Emilia. The hummingbirds acted as pollinators for all visited species.
COMPARISON OF THE TWO METHODS OF STORYTELLING IN DECREASE OF AGGRESSION FROM PARENTS'POINT OF VIEW

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Aggression is known as prevalent children's behavior problems. Storytelling is one of the methods used to decrease aggression. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the two methods of storytelling (i.e., storytelling and storytelling with discussion) on decrease of aggression from parents point of view among a sample of boys aged 6-8 years old. METHODS: Using a Quasi experimental design with pre-post test, 33 boys who had received scores 1 SD above the mean on Shahim's aggression questionnaire were randomly assigned into 2 experimental groups (storytelling= 11 subjects and storytelling with discussion= 11 subjects) and control group (n=11). Experimental groups participated on 11 sessions of storytelling and storytelling with discussion but control group received no interventions. After finishing the program and three months later physical, reactive and relational aggression was compared. FINDINGS: The post-treatment scores of the 3 subscales of reactive, rational and physical for storytelling group was 14.45±3.3, 13.55±2.1, 10.91±1.3, respectively; the post-treatment scores of the 3 subscales of reactive, rational and physical for storytelling and discussion group was 11.18±2.3, 10.18±1.7, 9.09±1.5, respectively. These results indicate that participants in storytelling and discussion significantly (p<0.05) scored lower than participants in storytelling group on the 3 subscales of reactive, rational and physical. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that storytelling and discussion is an effective method in decrease of children s aggressive behavior and the method can be used in treatment of children suffer from aggressive behaviors.
Intelligent Tracking and Positioning of Targets Using Passive Sensing Systems

Target localization and tracking has always been a hot topic in all eras of communication studies. Conventional system used radars for the purpose of locating and/or tracking an object using the classical methods of signal processing. Radars are generally classified as active and passive, where the former uses both transmitter and receivers simultaneously to perform the localization task. On the other hand, passive radars use existing illuminators of opportunity such as wi-fi or GSM signals to perform the aforementioned tasks. Although they perform detection using classical correlation methods and CFAR, recently machine learning has been used in various application of passive sensing to elevate the system performance. The latest developed models for intelligent RF passive sensing system for both outdoor and indoor scenarios are discussed in this chapter, which will give insight to the readers about their designing.
Digital Smile Design, Guided Surgery, Delivering Facial Driven Implant Treatment in A Failed Dentition: Case Reports

The Digital Smile Design (DSD) digital implant treatment planning solutions allow for predictable prosthetic results, DSD helps in visualizing the end product through a blue print. The transition of patients from failing dentition to complete-arch implant rehabilitation often means that the patient is rendered edentulous and has to wear a removable complete denture for a period of time. Many patients find this unacceptable. With the immediate loading concept, it is possible to offer our patients a third dentition on the day of extractions. Today, many people suffering failed dentition, moving towards edentulism, getting back their smile with a fixed prosthesis could be priceless. This treatment provides a fixed interim prosthesis use throughout the rehabilitation process, allowing patient comfort and prosthodontic control. The prosthesis is supported by the immediate implants that we placed which are all on the same day. The implants and prostheses were functioning successfully after surgery. Combination of digital smile planning and guided surgery helps to make a complex case which is carefully planned simpler and predictable in their implant’s placement and delivery of the prosthesis within the same day. Modern implant-based dentistry has delivered something to the edentulous patient that conventional dentures have never quite managed by comparison-substantially increased quality of life. A prosthesis held solidly in place by dental plants not only provides the comfort and security a patient is likely to be missing with removable dentures, it also preserves bone. Add to the equation emotional benefits -such as improved self-image, increased selfconfidence and a renewed social life-and an implant-based restoration becomes the clear choice.
Context-dependent mate choice in relation to social composition in green swordtails Xiphophorus helleri

Comparative evaluation mechanisms of mate choice in relation to social composition of potential mates have not been considered in nonhuman animals. Models of rational decision making suggest that when choice is based on absolute values, the addition of a third option should take choices from the original 2 options in proportion to their original shares and not result in an increase in the absolute preference for any of the 3 options in the set. However, studies of foraging behavior have shown that choice alternatives are often not irrelevant, specifically when preference is based on 2 or more dimensions (multiple cues) and when the third option is an asymmetrically dominated "decoy" (i.e., it has a lower value than both original options on one dimension but is only lower than one of the 2 original options on the other dimension). Asymmetrically dominated decoys are predicted to increase preference for the option that dominates it on both dimensions if mate choice is context dependent. We tested whether mate choice is dependent on or independent of social context in green swordtails, a species where females commonly use multiple cues in mate choice decisions. Addition of a third, decoy, male to the set of options resulted in females shifting preference away from the phenotype of male that each preferred in binary comparisons. Consequently, although mate choice was context dependent, the asymmetrically dominated decoy effect was not observed. Instead, females showed negative frequency-dependent preference for the rare-male phenotype, which may act to maintain genetic variation under sexual selection. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
The MDGs after the Crisis

G lbal M onoring Rport 2010 What is the human cost of the global economic crisis? This year’s Global Monitoring Report, The MDGs after the Crisis, examines the impact of the worst recession since the Great Depression on poverty and human development outcomes in developing countries. Although the recovery is under way, the impact of the crisis will be lasting and immeasurable. The impressive precrisis progress in poverty reduction will slow, particularly in low-income countries in Africa. No household in developing countries is immune. Gaps will persist to 2020. In 2015, 20 million more people in Sub-Saharan Africa will be in extreme poverty and 53 million more people globally. Even households above the $1.25-a-day poverty line in higher-income developing countries are coping by buying cheaper food, delaying other purchases, reducing visits to doctors, working longer hours, or taking multiple jobs. The crisis will also have serious costs on human development indicators:
Detection of CD44+CD24-/low in breast cancer stem cells and clinical significance

Objective To investigate the relationship between CD44+ CD24-/low breast cancer stem cells and clinical significance. Methods The fresh samples of 68 cases of breast cancer were collected , and single cell suspension was made by machine-enzymic method. The proportion of CD44+CD24-/low cells was detected by flow cytometry, and its relationship with tumor stages, immunohistochemistry results and distant metastasis was analyzed. Results Among the 68 cases of breast cancer tissue, the proportion of CD44+ CD24-/low cells was between 0.1% to 15. 2% , the difference of CD44+ CD24-low cells content have statistical significance in ER status and metastasis team (P 0. 05). Conclusion There are relationships between CD44+ CD24-/low breast cancer stem cells content and ER status,tumor invasion and prognosis. Key words: CD4; Breast carcinoma; Stem cells; Flow cytometry
Neoplastic Pathogenesis Associated with Cigarette Carcinogens

Cigarette smoke is widely regarded as a carcinogenic agent; thus, the incidence of relative neoplasms correlates to cigarette smoking (CS) on a global level. While CS is most commonly associated with carcinomas of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, studies have also associated CS with the pathogenesis of a variety of non-respiratory related neoplasms. The tobacco smoke emitted from cigarettes contains carcinogenic substances that can be harmful to the normal physiology of the human body. This study will elaborate on the incidence and etiology of carcinomas, as well as discuss, in detail, the role of tobacco in the pathogenesis of oral, esophageal, lung, gastric, pancreatic, renal, and bladder carcinomas.
Decision aids for addressing the validity-adverse impact trade-off

Typically, adverse impact (AI) is an after-the-fact analysis: Once predictor scores for a pool of applicants are available, AI is evaluated. Sometimes the analysis is made in real time, as predictor scores are obtained on a set of applicants, and AI calculations are done on a “what if” basis as input to decisions about features such as where to set a cutoff score. The focus of this chapter, however, is on attempts to estimate in advance the likely impact of a given selection system. Here, estimates are made based on available information about the features such as the expected magnitude of subgroup differences, expected interpredictor correlations, and expected predictor-criterion correlations. Such information may be local (e.g., group differences observed the last time a predictor was used) or based on a more general research literature (e.g., group differences reported in publisher manuals or in the published literature for a given predictor type and a given job category). These projections of AI and other outcomes are generally made in one of two ways. The first is via simulation, in which multiple samples of data are generated from populations with specified parameters (e.g., means, standard deviations [SDs], interpredictor rs, subgroup differences). Indices of interest (e.g., AI ratios [AIRs], proportion of positions filled by minority group members) are computed for each sample, and the distributions of these indices are tallied and examined. The second is via analytic solution, in which the outcomes of interest can be determined precisely via equation. For example, while one can determine the expected value of an
Identification and Characterization of the Butane-Utilizing Bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. PG-3-2, Harboring a Novel bmoX Gene

A bacterium, PG-3-2, capable of butane-utilization as a sole carbon source was isolated from Puguang oilfield in Sichuan Province, China and identified as Arthrobacter sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequence and morphology characteristics. Butane-saturated medium was defined as optimal for the growth of PG-3-2. Proliferation of PG-3-2 was enhanced at low butanol concentrations (≤50 mM) and repressed at high concentrations (≥100 mM). Growth of strain PG-3-2 was supported by alkanes from C2 to C10 (except pentane) and various carbon substrates including primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, but not methane or its oxidation products. The rate of butane degradation by PG-3-2 was relatively high during the lag phase and prophase of the exponential phase. A bmoX gene, which encodes the alpha hydroxylase subunit of butane monooxygenase, was amplified from the genome of this bacterium. Sequence analysis revealed a high level of homology with alkane monooxygenase, thus indicating the existence of a novel bmoX gene involved in the butane degradation pathway in this Arthrobacter strain.
Assay-Specific Spurious ACTH Results Lead to Misdiagnosis, Unnecessary Testing, and Surgical Misadventure—A Case Series

Abstract The proper clinical evaluation of pituitary and adrenal disorders depends on the accurate measurement of plasma ACTH. The modern two-site sandwich ACTH immunoassay is a great improvement compared with older methods but still has the potential for interferences such as heterophile antibodies and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and ACTH fragments. We report the cases of five patients in whom the diagnosis or differential diagnosis of Cushing syndrome was confounded by erroneously elevated results from the Siemens ACTH Immulite assay [ACTH(Immulite)] that were resolved using the Roche Cobas or Tosoh AIA [ACTH(Cobas) and ACTH(AIA), respectively]. In one case, falsely elevated ACTH(Immulite) results owing to interfering antibodies resulted in several invasive differential diagnostic procedures (including inferior petrosal sinus sampling), MRI, and unnecessary pituitary surgery. ACTH(Cobas) measurements were normal, and further studies excluded the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. In three cases, either Cushing disease or occult ectopic ACTH were suspected owing to elevated ACTH(Immulite) results. However, adrenal (ACTH-independent) Cushing syndrome was established using ACTH(AIA) or ACTH(Cobas) and proved surgically. In one case, ectopic ACTH was suspected owing to elevated ACTH(Immulite) results; however, the ACTH(Cobas) findings led to the diagnosis of alcohol-induced hypercortisolism that resolved with abstinence. We have concluded that ACTH(Immulite) results can be falsely increased and alternate ACTH assays should be used in the diagnosis or differential diagnosis of clinical disorders of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.
Assessment of environmental and host dependent factors correlated with tick abundance on Komodo dragons

In this study we assessed interactions among Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis populations, individual Komodo dragons and two tick parasites Amblyomma robinsoni and Aponomma komodoense to assess variation in host-parasite aggregations. Prevalence of ticks was uniformly high (> 98%) but median tick abundance varied 3.52 fold among 9 host lizard populations. There was no evidence to suggest that average tick abundances were correlated with genetic similarities (Rm = 0.133, P = 0.446) or geographic proximities (Rm = 0.175 P=0.303) among host populations. Temporal concordance in tick abundance was measured for host populations between two different years but not for the individual hosts within these populations. General linearized modelling indicated that ≈ 23% of host variation in tick abundance was positively correlated to a multivariate function incorporating lizard body size, body condition, their interactions, and habitat differences. The covariates of host population density and inbreeding coefficients,.
Giving them what they want: manipulating Argentine ant activity patterns with water

The invasive success of the exotic Argentine ant [Linepithema humile (Mayr)] is often closely tied to year‐round availability of water sources. Previous studies suggest that the location of such water sources can strongly influence activity patterns of colonies and may be a key predictor of building infestations. We studied activity patterns of Argentine ants in relation to water and food resources in two open‐air structures (aviaries). In one series of manipulations, ant activity inside the aviaries was significantly reduced with the placement of numerous water sources around the outside. Inside activity increased again when the outside water sources were removed. A second series of manipulations involved the placement of water sources at targeted locations outside of the structures. Ant activity inside the aviaries consistently shifted significantly closer to these targeted sites. The results suggest that providing a reliable water source to Argentine ant colonies exterior to buildings can be a non‐chemical method of integrated pest management for reducing ant infestations. Independent of our manipulations, L. humile activity levels predictably declined with time of day, but these changes were uncorrelated with observed surface temperatures. In fact, activity was often noted at surface temperatures higher than those that cause worker mortality under laboratory conditions. This suggests that L. humile exhibits a consistent temperature‐independent circadian activity pattern of reduced foraging in afternoons relative to mornings.