Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oral tolerance, an active immunologic process mediated by multiple mechanisms.

Oral tolerance, the specific suppression of cellular and/or humoral immune responses to an antigen by prior administration of the antigen by the oral route, probably evolved to prevent hypersensitivity reactions to food proteins and bacterial antigens present in the mucosal flora. As with other forms of immunologic tolerance, oral tolerance also provides mechanisms to suppress pathologic reactivity against self and, thus, to prevent or treat autoimmune diseases.
Intelligent pre-processing for fast-moving object detection

Detection and segmentation of objects of interest in image sequences is the first major processing step in visual surveillance applications. The outcome is used for further processing, such as object tracking, interpretation, and classification of objects and their trajectories. To speed up the algorithms for moving object detection, many applications use techniques such as frame rate reduction. However, temporal consistency is an important feature in the analysis of surveillance video, especially for tracking objects. Another technique is the downscaling of the images before analysis, after which the images are up-sampled to regain the original size. This method, however, increases the effect of false detections. We propose a different pre-processing step in which we use a checkerboard-like mask to decide which pixels to process. For each frame the mask is inverted to avoid that certain pixel positions are never analyzed. In a post-processing step we use spatial interpolation to predict the detection results for the pixels which were not analyzed. To evaluate our system we have combined it with a background subtraction technique based on a mixture of Gaussian models. Results show that the models do not get corrupted by using our mask and we can reduce the processing time with over 45% while achieving similar detection results as the conventional technique.
Hybrid approaches for the DNER task at BioCreative V : the INRA / LIMSI system

This paper describes the INRA/LIMSI system designed for the DNER task at BioCreative. The system relies on hybrid approaches (machine-learning and linguistic rules) to recognize and normalize disease names in scientific abstracts. Our best configuration achieved a precision of 0.8305, a recall of 0.8355 and a F-measure of 0.8330. Nevertheless, this system is quite slow and average response time (per document) was of 11,240 msec using this configuration. We also present the experiments we made to maximize recall and to reduce the response time of our web service.
Design and Simulation of GaSb/InAs 2D Transmission-Enhanced Tunneling FETs

We describe the design of double-gate InAs/GaSb tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) using GaSb electron wave reflector(s) in the InAs channel. The reflections from the source p-n junction and from the reflector(s) add destructively, causing the net transmission to approach unity at certain energies. The energy range of transmission enhancement can be broadened by the appropriate placement of multiple barriers. With 10-3 A/m OFF-current (IOFF) and a 0.3 V power supply, the subthreshold swing is improved from 14.4 to 4.6 mV/decade and the ON-current (ION) is improved from 35 to 96 A/m, compared with a conventional GaSb/InAs TFET.
Using Tabu Search for optimization of memory-constrained hybrid BIST

This paper deals with optimization of hybrid BIST testing approach with memory constraints. The traditional external tester is often unfeasible for embedded systems and therefore different self-test solutions are sought after. Classical built-in self-test (BIST) approaches are largely based on pseudorandom testing and using linear feedback shift registers (LFSR). One of the possible extensions of classical BIST is hybrid BIST, where pseudorandom tests are complemented with precomputed deterministic test patterns to increase test coverage and reduce test time. Hybrid BIST optimization method based on Tabu Search is proposed in this paper. As a generalization of local optimization, Tabu search method is used for finding the optimal solution. The objective is to minimize test length under given memory constraints, without losing test quality.
Model identification of a photovoltaic system for a DC microgrid simulation

Residential microgrids are mainly based on renewable energy sources (i.e., mainly on photovoltaic panels), energy storage systems (that enable time-shift between production and consumption), and on power converters representing control points that by proper operation ensure overall system stability and quality of power supply. For optimal techno-economical microgrid operation, i.e. microgrid voltage level control and power flow management, the models of microgrid components involved must be known. In this paper we verify a single-diode five-parameters equivalent electrical model of a photovoltaic array by experiments, and based on the verified model propose a new power production model suitable for microgrid power flow optimization applications. Microgrid components are connected to a common power link via an appropriate power converter in order to ensure components' maximum efficiency and the overall system stability. Simulation of DC/DC power converters on a switching level requires significant computational efforts due to high switching frequencies (10-100 kHz). However, it is shown that dynamical behaviour of a DC/DC power converter in closed control loop can be replaced by a PT2 dynamic element with good approximation accuracy. All equivalent electrical models presented in this paper are implemented in the professional simulation platform for power electronic systems Plexim PLECS.
Gradient based fast mode and depth decision for high efficiency intra frame video coding

Intra frame coding plays an important role in video coding. To get better performance, high efficiency coding standards exploit new techniques to improve the performance of intra-coding. A flexible partition structure and multiple prediction modes are applied to achieve accurate intra prediction. Different block sizes and prediction modes are traversed to find the best coding unit and accurate prediction direction. All these processes increase lots of computational complexity. To optimize the intra coding process, a gradient based algorithm is proposed in this paper to make fast mode and depth decision. A Sobel operator is applied to get the gradient information of pixels. Its statistical properties are studied to find the most probable prediction mode for further selection. Furthermore, the texture information guides coding unit partition to avoid unnecessary calculation. In order to reduce the encoding complexity, we started from the smallest coding unit and build a bottom-up partition process. Experiments are implemented on a high efficiency coding standard AVS2, and about 48% encoding time is reduced on average with negligible coding performance loss.
Nitric oxide-mediated bystander effect induced by heavy-ions in human salivary gland tumour cells

Purpose : To investigate the signal factor and its function in the medium-mediated bystander effect during heavy-ion irradiation of human salivary gland (HSG) neoplastic cells. Materials and methods : Unirradiated recipient HSG cells were co-cultivated with HSG donor cells irradiated with 290 MeV/u carbon beams having different LET values. Cell proliferation and micronucleus (MN) induction in recipient cells with and without treatment of a NO scavenger (PTIO) were measured and the concentration of nitrite in the co-culture medium was detected. As a direct control, the effects of a nitric oxide (NO) generator (sper/NO) on cell proliferation and MN induction were also examined. Results : Increases in cell proliferation and MN induction were found in the recipient HSG cells as a result of co-culturing and cell proliferation was obviously enhanced during a further subculture. In comparison with 13 keV/ μ m, 100 keV/ μ m carbon-ion irradiation was found to be a more efficient inducer of the medium-mediated bystander effect. The treatment of cells by PTIO resulted in elimination of such effects, which supports a role for NO in the medium-mediated bystander effect. As an oxidization product of NO, nitrite was detected in the co-culture medium, and the dose-response for its concentration was similar to that of cell proliferation and MN induction in the recipient cells. When the HSG cells were treated by sper/NO with a concentration of less than 20 μ M, cell proliferation was enhanced, whereas MN increased along with sper/NO concentration. Conclusion : NO participated in the medium-mediated bystander effects on cell proliferation and MN induction, depending on the LET of irradiation.
Multi-impulsivity among women with bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE The results of past research suggest the possible existence of a distinct subgroup of bulimic individuals who display multiple behaviors indicative of impulsivity (e.g., stealing, self-injury, attempted suicide, drug abuse). We further investigated potential relationships between multi-impulsivity and other clinical variables. METHOD We compared women with bulimia nervosa (purging type) who displayed "multi-impulsivity" (n = 40) to those who did not (n = 177) with regard to symptom history and presentation, eating-disordered attitudes, and sexual experience. RESULTS The two groups did not differ in mean age, body mass index, scores on scales of eating-disordered attitudes and traits, incidence of self-induced vomiting, sexual intercourse, or masturbation, and current frequency of binge eating and self-induced vomiting. However, relative to the comparison group, women in the multi-impulsive group reported earlier onset of binge eating and sexual intercourse, a greater incidence of laxative abuse, and use of a greater number of different substances. There were statistical trends (p < .10) toward the multi-impulsive group displaying earlier onset of self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, and masturbation. DISCUSSION Results are discussed in relation to the results of past research and the implications for treatment of bulimic women.
New Epigenetic Drivers of Cancers

Mutations in proteins that control chromatin dynamics contribute to tumorigenesis. Exome sequencing—the targeted sequencing of all protein-coding regions in the human genome—now offers an unprecedented opportunity for systematic, genome-wide discovery of somatic mutations in tumor tissue. On page 1199 of this issue, Jiao et al. (1) have applied this pioneering technique to identify common genetic mutations underlying pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), a class of tumors that frequently arise from pancreatic islet cells. This report adds to a growing number of studies that use exome sequencing to explore cancers with unknown or poorly understood genetic etiology (2–8).
Immunoglobulin receptors on a mouse mast cell tumor.

Surface receptors for IgG immunoglobulins have been demonstrated on a mouse mast cell tumor growing in tissue culture. Inhibition of rosette formation between mastocytoma cells and IgG-coated SRBC by purified mouse immunoglobulins indicated receptor specificity for all known IgG globulin classes but not for IgM, IgA or light chain immunoglobulins. Pepsin-digested IgG antibody-coated SRBC did not bind to the mast cell. Mast cell receptors appear to react with immunoglobulin-antigen complexes more strongly than with immunoglobulin alone. Receptor activity was unaffected by phospholipase D, neuraminidase or azide and was reduced by phospholipase C, iodoacetamide and fluorescein isothiocyanate. Actinomycin D had no effect for periods up to 9 hr. Treatment of mast cells with trypsin enhanced receptor activity but did not alter specificity. Our initial conclusion is that the mastocytoma IgG-receptor is a stable phospholipid or phospholipoprotein which is protease-resistant.
Cannabinoid–dopamine interactions in the physiology and physiopathology of the basal ganglia

Endocannabinoids and their receptors play a modulatory role in the control of dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia. However, this influence is generally indirect and exerted through the modulation of GABA and glutamate inputs received by nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, which lack cannabinoid CB1 receptors although they may produce endocannabinoids. Additional evidence suggests that CB2 receptors may be located in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and that certain eicosanoid‐related cannabinoids may directly activate TRPV1 receptors, which have been found in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, thus allowing in both cases a direct regulation of dopamine transmission by specific cannabinoids. In addition, CB1 receptors form heteromers with dopaminergic receptors which provide another pathway to direct interactions between both systems, in this case at the postsynaptic level. Through these direct mechanisms or through indirect mechanisms involving GABA or glutamate neurons, cannabinoids may interact with dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia and this is likely to have important effects on dopamine‐related functions in these structures (i.e. control of movement) and, particularly, on different pathologies affecting these processes, in particular, Parkinson's disease, but also dyskinesia, dystonia and other pathological conditions. The present review will address the current literature supporting these cannabinoid–dopamine interactions at the basal ganglia, with emphasis on aspects dealing with the physiopathological consequences of these interactions.
A meta‐analysis of cardiac electrophysiology computational models

Computational models of cardiac electrophysiology are exemplar demonstrations of the integration of multiple data sets into a consistent biophysical framework. These models encapsulate physiological understanding to provide quantitative predictions of function. The combination or extension of existing models within a common framework allows integrative phenomena in larger systems to be investigated. This methodology is now routinely applied, as demonstrated by the increasing number of studies which use or extend previously developed models. In this study, we present a meta‐analysis of this model re‐use for two leading models of cardiac electrophysiology in the form of parameter inheritance trees, a sensitivity analysis and a comparison of the functional significance of the sodium potassium pump for defining restitution curves. These results indicate that even though the models aim to represent the same physiological system, both the sources of parameter values and the function of equivalent components are significantly different.
World Food Supply: Problems and Prospects

semble that of nicotine and curare, activities which are not shared by pahutoxin (32). The biological activity of pahutoxin is, however, analogous to the activities of the steroidal saponins isolated from echinoderms (5, 6). To our knowledge this is the first chemical identification of an alarming or repellent substance of a marine organism. Marine biologists have postulated that such substances are of common occurrence in that they constitute a logical defense of slow-moving unprotected species against predators. Our finding that crude solutions of pahutoxin lose their toxicity rapidly may well be the result of an unknown biological (enzymatic? ) mechanism which is designed to protect the boxfish from its own toxin. Since pahutoxin is a compound of simple chemical structure and is readily synthesized, it will be an excellent vehicle for further biological research of the mechanism of fish repellents. Pahutoxin, the toxic secretion of the boxfish, Ostracion lentiginosus, has been isolated in crystalline form and identified as the choline chloride ester of 3-acetoxyhexadecanoic acid. It and its C14 and C12 homologs have been synthesized as the racemates. Their lethalities toward fish and their hemolytic activities have been compared. Of the compounds s-tudied, pahutoxin, the C16 compound, has the highest activity. This work constitutes the first chemical identification of an alarming sulbstance secreted by a marine organism.
Optimal Sliding Mode Control of a Flexible Spacecraft under Stochastic Disturbances

A new optimal sliding mode (OSM) controller is developed for a linear stochastic system and applied to the Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE) which represents the control structure interaction problem for a precision spacecraft. The OSM controller minimizes the expected value of a quadratic objective function consisting of only states with the constraints that estimated states always remain on the intersection of sliding hyperplanes This controller is designed for two subsets of MACE problems: a single input, single output gimbal inertial pointing problem and a three input, three output torque wheel attitude control problem. Using numerical simulations, performance of the OSM controller is compared to that of the classical LQG controller. The OSM controllers are digitally implemented on the Development Model of MACE. The experimental results are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical results.
The Sponsorship Handbook: Essential Tools, Tips and Techniques for Sponsors and Sponsorship Seekers

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Effects of milk and milk constituents on postprandial lipid and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese men

Studies have suggested that two major milk constituents, casein and Ca, favourably affect postprandial responses. However, effects of milk on postprandial metabolism are unknown. We therefore investigated effects of using milk with a fat-containing meal on lipid and glucose responses in overweight men. To identify the constituent responsible for possible effects, we also studied responses to Ca and protein. A total of sixteen men (BMI >27 kg/m2) participated in four postprandial tests. They consumed a breakfast (44 g of fat) plus a drink: a control drink, low-fat milk or a protein and Ca drink (500 ml). Blood samples were taken before the meals and at regular time points during 6 h thereafter. Compared with control, the incremental AUC (iAUC) for serum TAG was increased by 44 % after the protein meal (P= 0·015). Although the iAUC were not different (P= 0·051), peak glucose concentrations were reduced by 24 % after protein intake, as compared with control (P= 0·021). The decrease of 18 % after milk intake did not reach statistical significance. Compared with the milk meal, the iAUC for insulin was 52 % lower after the control meal (P= 0·035) and 51 % after the protein meal (P= 0·005). The present results indicate that the intake of milk with a fat-containing meal enhances postprandial TAG and insulin responses and may blunt glucose increases. The protein fraction of milk seems to be the main determinant for the effects on TAG and glucose. Ca did not change any of the postprandial responses.
Characterization, cloning and sequence analysis of the CDC25 gene which controls the cyclic AMP level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The cell division cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is triggered at the stage called ‘START’. Many results strongly suggest that adenylate cyclase is an essential element of the control of START. We report here results arguing for a positive control of the cAMP level by the CDC25 gene, another gene of START. Firstly, cdc25 cells can be rescued by extracellular cAMP. Secondly, the cellular cAMP content drops when thermosensitive cdc25 mutant cells are shifted to restrictive temperature. We report the molecular cloning of the CDC25 gene by complementation of cdc25 mutant cells. The identity of the cloned gene was confirmed by site‐specific gene re‐integration experiments and segregation analysis: the isolated fragment is shown to integrate into the cdc25 gene locus. When transferred in cdc25 mutant cells this DNA prevents the drop of the cAMP level at restrictive temperature. This gene is transcribed in a 5200‐nucleotides mRNA. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 5548‐bp DNA fragment which shows an uninterrupted open reading frame (ORF) coding for a 1587‐amino acid polypeptide chain. Only the C‐terminal part of the ORF appears to be essential for the complementation of the cdc25‐5 allele, suggesting a multidomain protein.
Social Business Intelligence - OLAP Applied to User Generated Contents

Social BI is an emerging discipline that aims at applying OLAP analysis to textual user-generated content to let decision-makers analyze their business based on the trends perceived from the environment. Despite the increasing diffusion of SBI applications, only few works in the academic literature addressed the specificities of this applications. In this paper we report some of this distinguishing features and discuss possible solutions.
Whose conservation?

Changes in the perception and goals of nature conservation require a solid scientific basis Conservation biology is a mission-driven discipline (1) and is therefore subject to both drift and the periodic adoption of fads and fashions (2). Although many basic conservation principles, conservation organizations, and initiatives of global reach and impact have persisted almost unchanged for decades, the framing and purpose of conservation have shifted (3). These shifts mainly relate to how the relationships between people and nature are viewed, with consequences for the science underpinning conservation.
Hidden or Implicit Contextual Factors Influencing User Participation in Online Production Communities

User participation is an inextricable part of online communities that live off user-generated content. Since these communities depend on sustained participation, they often employ various incentives to maximize the contributions and collective intelligence of users. Most prior research on user participation is focused on one specific type of production community (e.g. open source or Wikipedia) or on explicit incentives. However, despite the large body of literature devoted to this area, few systematic attempts have yet been made to identify common hidden or implicit factors. These factors sometimes have considerable impact on user commitment and participation. In this paper, we review and organize the pertinent literature and provide a generic list of implicit factors that account for a sustained flow of contributions. We also hypothesize a model that represents the interdependencies of some of these factors. The outcome provides community designers with a fine-grained knowledge framework and the corresponding design guidelines.