Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etude des cellules souches et progénitrices mammaires et de leur contribution à la tumorigenèse : rôle des facteurs de transcription Myc et p53

L’epithelium mammaire est organise en bicouche : une couche de cellules luminales secretrices et une couche de cellules basales myoepitheliales. Des cellules souches multipotentes capables de regenerer l’epithelium mammaire apres transplantation resident dans le compartiment basal tandis que les deux couches epitheliales mammaires contiennent des cellules souches/progenitrices a proprietes clonogeniques. De nombreuses etudes suggerent que les cellules souches et progenitrices de la glande mammaire pourraient etre les cibles d’une transformation oncogenique menant a des cancers du sein, justifiant l’attention particuliere portee a ces populations cellulaires mineures.Pour etudier les roles du proto-oncogene Myc, ou du suppresseur de tumeurs Trp53, dans le controle des fonctions des cellules souches et progenitrices, nous avons genere des souris transgeniques presentant une invalidation de Myc ou Trp53 dans la couche basale de l’epithelium mammaire. Les souris deficientes en Myc presentent des glandes hypoplasiques et les cellules basales depourvues de Myc perdent completement leur capacite regenerative. En revanche, la perte de p53 induit une augmentation des populations de cellules souches et progenitrices avec un potentiel d’autorenouvellement accru, suggerant que p53 restreint la propagation des cellules souches/progenitrices dans l’epithelium mammaire. Ces resultats montrent que Myc et p53 jouent un role essentiel dans le controle des fonctions des cellules souches et progenitrices mammaires.Les souris transgeniques K5Ncat generees precedemment dans notre laboratoire, developpent des carcinomes mammaires de type basal avec des composants metaplastiques, induits par l’expression d’une forme activee de la -catenine dans la couche basale mammaire. Nous avons trouve que la population de cellules souches fonctionnelles est augmentee dans l’epithelium pre-neoplasique des souris K5Ncat. Pour etudier les mecanismes cellulaires et moleculaires du developpement de ces tumeurs, les souris deficientes en Myc ou Trp53 ont ete croisees avec des souris K5Ncat. Nous avons constate une inhibition complete de la tumorigenese induite par la -catenine en absence de Myc et une acceleration de celle-ci en absence de p53. Nos resultats suggerent que les cellules souches/progenitrices basales pourraient etre a l’origine des tumeurs mammaires de type basal avec des caracteristiques metaplastiques et que les roles joues par Myc et p53 dans la tumorigenese sont lies a leurs fonctions regulatrices des cellules souches mammaires.
Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of eight donkey breeds in China

【Objective】To reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of china donkey breeds, 【Method】 thegenetic polymorphisms of 24 microsatellites in 8 china large and middle-sized donkeys were studied by means of PCRpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Number of alleles, average effective number of alleles (E) and average ratesof homozygote of each breeds were counted. According to allele frequencies of 24 microsatellites, polymorphism informationcontent(PIC),mean heterozygosity (h) and genetic distances (DA) were calculated for each breeds, By using the Neighbour-joinigmethod of Dispan software, the polymorphic trees were constructed based on genetic distances. The systematic relation was analyzedas well. 【Result】The results showed that NVHEQ18 is medium polymorphic and the other 23 of 24 microsatellite loci were highlypolymorphic, The average PIC (0.6940), h (0.7119) and E (2.9) of the eight donkey breed population were all higher ,which showedthe gene polymorphisms and genetic diversity were higher. Guanzhong donkey、Jinnan donkey、Guangling donkey and Dezhoudonkey of large breeds and Qingyang donkey of middle-sized clustered in one group and Biyang donkey、Huaiyang donkey andJiami donkey of middle-sized clustered in another groups. The phylogenetic relationship between different breeds were in accordancewith their breeding history and distribution. 【Conclusion】The 24 microsatellite loci were effective markers for analysis of geneticrelationship among donkey breeds.
Identification de signaux racinaires régulant l'accumulation d'hypaphorine et la croissance du champignon ectomycorhizien Pisolithus tinctorius

La formation d'une ectomycorhize est un processus complexe resultant d'une reconnaissance specifique entre plantes et champignons. Ces symbioses s'initient grâce a des interactions precoces faisant intervenir des signaux moleculaires emis et reconnus par chacun des partenaires. Si ce dialogue est un principe acquis, les molecules intervenant dans ces processus de reconnaissance sont encore meconnues. L'objectif de ce travail etait d'identifier des molecules emises par E. globulus et reconnues par P tinctorius lors de la formation d'une ectomycorhize. [. ] Ce travail met en evidence une nouvelle boucle de dialogue moleculaire, impliquant la zeatine produite par la plante et l'hypaphorine fongique. La teneur de cette derniere molecule dans les cellules fongiques, regulee par la presence de zeatine, controle en retour les teneurs endogenes d'hypaphorine dans la plante, modifiant ainsi la balance hormonale, qui seraient impliquees dans la regulation de l'etablissement d'une ectomycorhize fonctionnelle.
Influence of vertical foliage structure on the distribution of stem cross-sectional area increment in western hemlock and balsam fir.

A set of western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla Raf. [Sarg.]) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) from western Washington, USA and western Newfoundland, Canada, respectively, were destructively sampled to examine relationships between vertical foliage structure and distribution of stem cross-sectional area increment. A series of stem growth distribution models describing the relationship between amount of foliage area above a given height and stem cross-sectional area increment at that height was derived from the pipe model theory. These models were derived with increasing generality so that two commonly held assumptions could be explicitly tested: (1) linear increase in cross-sectional area increment with increasing foliage area; and (2) constant cross-sectional area increment below base of the live crown. Overall, the models performed very well, accounting for over 80% of the observed variation in cross-sectional area increment for both species. The results show that, while cross-sectional area increment increases with increasing current foliage, the increase is not proportional (i.e., linear). Furthermore, the rate of cross-sectional area increment below base of the live crown was found to increase in the smaller balsam fir trees and decrease in the larger western hemlock trees. These results suggest that cross-sectional area increment per unit foliage below the live crown may change as trees grow.
Health systems performance assessment and sustainable improvement in Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar

Structured summary 2 The purpose of this review is to focus on health system performance in the three of GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar) and the way governments, institutions and researchers are assessing performance in each country. In it, I wanted to see how services are effective and efficient in serving the needs of the entire population, of the GCC, including both nationals and migrants (non-nationals) populations. 2 INTRODUCTION Rationale 3 Described how important for health policy makers and senior managers to understand the performance of their health systems to identify opportunities for improvement in effectiveness, efficiency and equity. 4 Aim & Objectives 4 The aim of this literature review to examine evidence about performance assessment of health systems in the GCC countries and well as on a global level. 4 METHODS Protocol and registration 5 In terms of the evidence base globally and not simply confined to the GCC countries in question, the literature relevant to the research focus was identified from various sources. An online search was carried out to locate evidence about the concept of ‘health system performance assessment’, as well as related issues such as “health system and human resource’, ‘health system and finance for health”. 4-5
Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions

This pioneering encyclopedia illuminates a topic at the forefront of global ecology - biological invasions, or organisms that come to live in the wrong place. Written by leading scientists from around the world, "Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions" addresses all aspects of this subject at a global level - including invasions by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria - in succinct, alphabetically arranged articles. Scientifically uncompromising, yet clearly written and free of jargon, the volume encompasses fields of study including biology, demography, geography, ecology, evolution, sociology, and natural history. Featuring many cross-references, suggestions for further reading, illustrations, an appendix of the world's worst 100 invasive species, a glossary, and more, this is an essential reference for anyone who needs up-to-date information on this important topic. "Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions" features articles on: well-known invasive species such the zebra mussel, chestnut blight, cheatgrass, gypsy moth, Nile perch, giant African snail, and Norway rat; regions with especially large numbers of introduced species including the Great Lakes, Mediterranean Sea, Hawaiian Islands, Australia, and New Zealand; conservation, ecological, economic, and human and animal health impacts of invasions around the world; the processes and pathways involved in invasion; and, management of introduced species.
Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of Chrysolina aeruginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

To illustrate the influences of temperature on the development and reproduction of Chrysolina aeruginosa Kaldermann,the development and fecundity of C.aeruginosa at five temperatures(13,18, 23,28 and 33℃) were investigated,with Artemisia sphaerovephala served as food.The results showed that temperature had significant effects on the developmental duration,survival rate and reproduction of C.aeruginosa. The developmental duration of every stage reduced with increasing temperatures from 13 to 28℃,and there was a positive relationship between developmental rate and temperature.F'urther increase of temperature to 33℃,however,was unfavorable to its larval and pupal development.The larval duration at 33℃ was significantly longer(P0.05) than that at 18℃,23℃ and 28℃,and the adult could not emerge from soil.Low temperature affected the survival rate of eggs while high temperature affected the pupal survival rate,suggesting that excessively low or high temperature was unfavorable to its survival.The oviposition amount of C.aeruginosa at different temperatures was significantly different(P0.01) and varied in the order of 28℃23℃18℃13℃. Based on the direct optimal method,the developmental threshold temperatures for egg,1st to 3rd instar larva,and 4th instar larva plus pupa were 9.72,7.11,and 8.77℃,respectively,and the corresponding effective accumulated temperatures were 115.36,441.91,and 448.40 degree-days,respectively.The results provide the basis for forecasting the occurrence of C.aeruginosa and are applicable in agricultural practices.
Evropský rozměr české zahraniční politiky

Kapitola analyzuje zahranicni politiku Ceske republiky vůci Evropske unii v průběhu roku 2016. Sleduje přitom koncepty koncepty polarizace, politizace a koherence ve vztahu k ceske zahranicni politice v teto oblasti.
A preliminary study of corals recruitment using coral rubbles substrate in Seribu Island waters, Indonesia.

Coral recruitment is important in natural recovery and coral rehabilitation program. Here, we tested the coral rubbles as substrate for coral recruitment. The study was conducted on the first week of September 2007 until the second week of January 2008 in Panggang Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia. The results showed that the recruited coral were settled on the substrate in both depths (6 and 10 m). A total of 5 families of recruited coral were recorded during the study, namely Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae, Oculinidae, Fungiidae and Poritidae. There were no differences in term of the number of recruits that were found in 6 and 10 m depth.
An assessment of cognition in healthy individuals to inform the assessment of cognition in transient ischemic attack patients

2 List of Tables.4 List of Figures.6 1.1 Recommended Neuropsychological Testing in Stroke and TIA . 13 1.1.1 Overview . 13 1.1.2 The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke and Vascular Cognitive Impairment Harmonisation Standards (NINDS-VCI). 13 1.1.3 Current Norms and the Importance of Cohesive Norms . 16 1.1. 4 Summary . 18 1.2 TIA and Mild Stroke Synopsis . 18 1.2. 1 Overview . 18 1.2. 2 Epidemiology of TIA . 19 1.2. 3 Prevalence of Cognitive Impairments after TIA . 22 1.2. 4 The Impact of Cognitive Impairments after TIA on Daily Life . 24 1.2. 5 Treatment of TIA in UK NHS . 25 1.2. 6 The Case for Cognitive Screening . 26 1.2. 7 Summary . 27 1.3 The Neuropsychological Profile of TIA and Mild Stroke . 28 1.3. 1 Overview . 28 1.3. 2 Processing Speed . 28 1.3. 3 Learning and Memory . 30 1.3. 4 Executive Function . 32 1.3. 5 Language . 33 1.3. 6 Visuospatial Deficits . 34
Effect of Rearing Period on Yield Rate, Physical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Duck Meats

This study was performed to investigate the effect of rearing period(45 and 70 days) on the changes of the yield, physical trait and the composition of fatty acids. The average weight of 100 duck meat at 45 days post hatch was 2.2kg. The yield of meats from prime cuts of 2.1kg, which are the most consumed today, was composed to whole legs(), wings() and breast(). The ratio of whole legs and breast was similar, In the secondary cuts, the meats was consisted in drumstick(), thigh(), breast(), tender lion(), drum matte() and wing(). Especially, the drumstick was twice higher than the wing. The content of oleic acid was 50.87 to and 49.84 to in the breasts and leg, respectively. In the breast, meat at 75 days the oleic acid was slightly increased DHA was not detected in the breast meat, However, it was in the leg. The value in meat color, ranged was 16.67 to 17.92 in the breast and 15.81 to 17.15 in the leg. Statistically, there was no significantly difference between the breast and leg. The cooking loss of the breast and leg was , respectively. The shear force value was at 45 and at 75 days post hatchet respectively. Therefore, the raring period was effect on the shear force value, but not on the cooking loss and meat color,
Cardiomyopathies Associated with Myofibrillar Myopathies

The aim of this chapter is to describe cardiomyopathies associated with myofibrillar myopathies (MFM, OMIM 601419). Myofibrillar myopathies are a group of heterogeneous neuromuscular disorders usually characterized by a severe myopathy, and generally associated with cardiomyopathy in 15% to 30% of the affected individuals. These familial or sporadic muscle disorders are characterized morphologically by focal disintegration of the myofibrils and abnormal ectopic accumulation of multiple proteins due to their degradation. The six genes that are held responsible so far for this clinically heterogenous, genetically heterogenous and morphologically homogeneous disorders are desmin, B-crystallin, myotilin, LDB3 (ZASP), FLNC and BAG3. In the first part of the chapter the normal function in skeletal and cardiac muscles of the six genes will be discussed as well as physiopathological consequences of their mutations. The second part will describe how proteins encoded by these genes, together with main contractile proteins such as actin, tropomyosin, myosin, troponin, integrate into functional sarcomeric structures, which in turn determine the main cardiac functions : force generation, force transmission, nervous influx conduction, energy metabolism. Special emphasis will be put on a dynamic point of view, including protein turnover, protein quality control, with the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagic systems. The third part gives a view of the latest insight of the clinical and therapeutic perspectives.
Interaction between housing system and genotype in relation to internal and external egg quality parameters.

The effect of three housing systems (conventional cages, enriched cages and litter) on egg qual - ity parameters was evaluated in two experiments with four brown laying strains ISA Brown, Hisex Brown, Bovans Brown and Moravia BSL. During 40 weeks of lay the total number of 7200 eggs was produced and analysed for egg weight, egg component weight and eggshell quality indicators. In 60 eggs, pore density in the small-end, large-end and equatorial areas was determined. Significant interactions between genotype and housing were found out in egg weight ( P ≤ 0.001), yolk and albumen weight ( P ≤ 0.001) and yolk colour ( P ≤ 0.001). Haugh units were the highest in eggs laid in cages and the lowest in the ISA Brown strain. Eggshell quality indicators were affected more by genotype than by housing. The interaction between genotype and housing was not significant for eggshell thickness but it was significant for eggshell weight and strength. Although eggshell thickness was lower in eggs produced in cages, eggshell strength was higher. A significant negative correlation was found out between pore density and housing system. Results of the study suggest that the ability of a strain to produce eggs of high quality in a particular housing system should be consid - ered, even within brown strains.
Arbeitsmarktreformen in Europa: Vorbeugen order Reparieren?

Der Arbeitsmarktzugang bestimmt die Chancen auf Wohlstand, Teilhabe und sozialen Aufstieg. Eine hohe Anpassungsfähigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte ist die beste Garantie, die Chancen der Innovation, Globalisierung und Alterung in Wohlstandsgewinne für alle umzumünzen. Dabei muss die Politik die richtige Abwägung zwischen vorbeugenden und korrigierenden Politikansätzen finden. Nach einer Analyse der großen Trends und Herausforderungen für die europäischen Wohlfahrtsstaaten stellen wir die wichtigsten Ergebnisse einer Befragung von 1‘058 Experten in ganz Europa vor, die im Rahmen des SIM Europe Reformbarometers der Bertelsmann-Stiftung detaillierte Fragen über die Dringlichkeit und die tatsächliche Häufigkeit und Qualität von Reformen in den EU-28 Mitgliedsländern beantwortet haben.
Swim performance as an effective, environmentally relevant measure of sublethal toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Examination of the swimming capabilities of fish is increasingly being considered as an effective method for determining sublethal toxicity. Acute toxicant exposure is known to cause decreases in swim performance in fish but less is known about how developmental exposure can cause persistent effects that hinder swimming. In addition, little is known about how triglyceride levels fluctuate during fish swimming upon both acute and developmental exposure to toxicant. In this thesis, two studies, one acute and one developmental, were carried out using two different toxicants in order to address these issues. In order to examine acute effects, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to ethanol vehicle or increasing concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a mitochondrial electron transport chain uncoupler, for a 24 h period. Following exposure, fish were placed in a swim tunnel for critical swimming speed (Ucrit) determination and swim motion analysis. Whole body triglyceride levels were then determined. Ucrit was decreased in a concentration dependent manner in both the 6 mg/L and 12 mg/L DNP exposure groups, with 6 mg/L DNP being considered sublethal and 12 mg/L approaching the LC50. A decrease in tail beat frequency was observed and is likely the main cause for the decrease in Ucrit in the DNP exposure groups. Triglyceride levels were elevated in a concentration dependent manner in the DNP exposure groups. This increase in triglyceride stores may be due to a behavioral adaption limiting swimming capabilities or due to a direct toxic action of DNP on lipid catabolism. The second study examined whether developmental 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure would cause persistent toxic effects. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide control or increasing concentrations of TCDD between 2-4 days post
Earth's Internal Processes and Structure Based on Novel Seismological Approaches

Earth is an active planet, generating various indigenous sources and, at the same time, responding to them as a medium. This thesis covers a wide range of topics in seismology, including earthquake rupture, near-surface seismic structure, and the variations within the mantle transition zone. Despite these disparate subjects, there is a common theme: the development of novel approaches to expand our ability to study the Earth’s internal processes. I have developed a method to examine three-dimensional complexity of the spatiotemporal evolution of deep rupture processes, while the conventional approaches assume the problem to be two dimensions. This approach uses the Doppler effect, i.e., stretching and shrinking of waveforms, to investigate if the rupture propagates linearly and uni-/bi-directionally, or in a more complex pattern. The method has been applied to two deep (∼600 km) earthquakes in the Kuril subduction zone and revealed that they have very different three-dimensional geometry despite occurring within the same slab. The complex rupture pattern also points to the existence of a complicated stress field, contrary to the relatively uniform stress field typically assumed or argued for shallow earthquakes. In addition, I have introduced another technique for imaging small-scale
From Theory to Practice: Considerations in Opening a New Self-Access Center

The Community Learning International Plaza (CLIP) is a self-access center (SAC) that opened in April 2017 at Ryutsu Keizai University, a sports and economics institution without an English major. The CLIP was founded by two lecturer/advisors (the authors of this paper) and one admin. In our development of the center, we learned from and applied past and present theory to fit the needs of our users. In the beginning, the attractive, centrally-located, open air space consisted solely of furniture, necessitating a quick call to action. To do this, we visited other SACs to gather information about the facilities and programs that might be adapted to fit our student population. There were three overarching aims in designing the center. First, we wanted to instill a sense of active learning through various services, such as free conversation on sofas and one-on-one appointments with a teacher (for speaking practice and advising), as well as clear and separate zones within the center. There is a lenient language policy in the SAC, so learners can develop through translanguaging. Next, we have promoted student ownership through developing an orientation program, starting a student club, and planning to hire student staff. Thirdly, we built relationships and an understanding of SALL with faculty and administration through interdepartmental collaboration in hosting visiting students from an American university and preparing a group of student-athletes to teach rugby in English in Indonesia. Finally, we share future directions for the second year and beyond.