Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of 90Y radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with and without portal vein thrombosis

This study was undertaken to present data from a phase 2 study in which patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with and without portal vein thrombosis underwent radioembolization with Yttrium (90Y) microspheres. Patients treated were stratified by Okuda, Child‐Pugh, baseline bilirubin, tumor burden, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), presence of cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (none, branch, and main). Clinical and biochemical data were obtained at baseline and at 4‐week intervals following treatment for up to 6 months. Tumor response was obtained using computed tomography (CT). Patients were followed for survival. One hundred eight patients were treated during the study period. Thirty‐seven (34%) patients had PVT, 12 (32%) of which involved the main PV. The cumulative dose for those with and without PVT was 139.7 Gy and 131.9 Gy, respectively. The partial response rate using world Health Organization (WHO) criteria was 42.2%. Using European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), the response rate was 70%. Kaplan‐Meier survival varied depending on location of PVT and presence of cirrhosis. The adverse event (AE) rates were highest in patients with main PVT and cirrhosis. There were no cases of radiation pneumonitis. Conclusion: The use of minimally embolic 90Y glass microspheres to treat patients with HCC complicated by branch/lobar PVT may be clinically indicated and appears to have a favorable toxicity profile. Further investigation is warranted in patients with main PVT. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Optimal and safe upper limits of iodine intake for early pregnancy in iodine-sufficient regions: a cross-sectional study of 7190 pregnant women in China.

CONTEXT The WHO Technical Consultation recommends urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) from 250 to 499 μg/L as more-than-adequate iodine intake and UIC ≥ 500 μg/L as excessive iodine for pregnant and lactating women, but scientific evidence for this is weak. OBJECTIVE We investigated optimal and safe ranges of iodine intake during early pregnancy in an iodine-sufficient region of China. METHOD Seven thousand one hundred ninety pregnant women at 4-8 weeks gestation were investigated and their UIC, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured. RESULTS The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was lowest in the group with UIC 150-249 μg/L, which corresponded to the lowest serum Tg concentration (10.18 μg/L). Prevalences of subclinical hypothyroidism (2.4%) and isolated hypothyroxinemia (1.7%) were lower in the group with UIC 150-249 μg/L. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that more-than-adequate iodine intake (UIC 250-499 μg/L) and excessive iodine intake (UIC ≥ 500 μg/L) were associated with a 1.72-fold and a 2.17-fold increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism, respectively. Meanwhile, excessive iodine intake was associated with a 2.85-fold increased risk of isolated hypothyroxinemia. Moreover, the prevalence of TPOAb positivity and TgAb positivity presented a U-shaped curve, ranging from mild iodine deficiency to iodine excess. CONCLUSION The upper limit of iodine intake during early pregnancy in an iodine-sufficient region should not exceed UIC 250 μg/L, because this is associated with a significantly high risk of subclinical hypothyroidism, and a UIC of 500 μg/L should not be exceeded, as it is associated with a significantly high risk of isolated hypothyroxinemia.
Parámetros cuantitativos de la resonancia magnética cerebral en esclerosis múltiple y su correlación con la discapacidad

A pesar del amplio uso de la resonancia magnetica en la esclerosis multiple no se ha logrado una adecuada correlacion clinico-imagenologica en esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar la correlacion del volumen normalizado de sustancia gris y del volumen de lesiones hipointensas en T1 obtenidos a partir de la resonancia magnetica cerebral con la escala de discapacidad extendida en pacientes con diagnostico de esclerosis multiple. Materiales y metodos: Estudio retrospectivo en pacientes con diagnostico de esclerosis multiple de la Fundacion Cardioinfantil. Se obtuvieron los resultados de la escala de discapacidad expandida asi como analisis cuantitativo de las imagenes correspondientes de resonancia magnetica por medio de la herramienta SIENA. Se cuantificaron el volumen del parenquima cerebral, sustancia gris, sustancia blanca y volumen de lesiones hipointensas en T1. Posteriormente, se relacionaron estos resultados con la escala de discapacidad extendida de Kurtzke previamente obtenida. Para el analisis estadistico se emplearon el test correlacion de Spearman y t de Student y Hotelling. Resultados: Se incluyeron 58 pacientes, encontrandose correlaciones estadisticamente significativas entre la escala de discapacidad extendida y volumen de parenquima cerebral, volumen de sustancia gris y volumen de lesiones hipointensas en T1; de 0.384, 0.386 y 0.39. No se encontro una relacion entre el volumen de sustancia blanca y la escala de discapacidad. Conclusiones: Existe una correlacion clinico-imagenologica moderada en la esclerosis multiple. La cuantificacion de los parametros propuestos en este estudio podria ser utilizada como herramienta en el seguimiento de la enfermedad y monitorizacion de nuevos tratamientos.
Biliary Pancreatitis in Pregnancy

INTRODUCTION The three most common gastrointestinal emergencies during pregnancy are acute cholecystitis, appendicitis and intestinal obstruction (1). The incidence of gallstone related diseases including acute cholecystitis and biliary pancreatitis complicating pregnancy is 0.05% to 0.8% (2). Acute pancreatitis (AP) in pregnancy occurs rarely with a reported incidence of approximately one in 1,000 to one in 10,000 births (3). The wide variation in the incidence is influenced by ethnicity of the patient population. AP complicated one in 3,300 pregnancies at a large public hospital in Dallas, Texas (4) whereas in southern California one in 1,500 women were affected (5). AP during pregnancy, in the past had been regarded as dangerous to the mother as well as to the fetus. A few reports from the 1970’s suggested overall maternal mortality of 3%–5% and up to 15% in severe AP (6). In 1973 Wilkinson reviewed 98 cases of AP in pregnancy and reported a maternal mortality of 37% (7). The above data is not valid anymore with a few contemporary reports documenting a much improved outcome of AP in pregnancy, during a period when the overall management of acute pancreatitis, secondary to biliary causes has undergone substantial changes (8,9). A recent publication in 2007 by Hernandez and colleagues in a single center experience spanning 10 years with 34 episodes of AP reported no maternal deaths and a fetal loss of only 4.7% (9). Date and associates in a review of six studies published in 2008, comparing conservative and surgical management of cholecystitis in pregnancy noted no difference in fetal mortality (2.2% versus 1.2%, p = 0.57) (10), and there was no maternal mortality. The overall improvement in the outcome of AP is attributed to better diagnosis, early assessment of severity of AP, triaging of patients to ICU and excellent management in the ICU setting. More specifically, there are substantial improvements in the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of a biliary etiolDISEASES OF THE BILIARY TRACT, SERIES #1
Verletzungen der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule

Die Bedeutung von Wirbelsäulenverletzungen im Spektrum von unfallchirurgischen Kliniken nimmt stetig zu. Hierzu tragen gesteigerte Ansprüche an die uneingeschränkte Mobilität auch im hohen Alter, zunehmende Freizeitaktivitäten im Hochrasanzbereich, aber auch weiterreichende operative Techniken unter Einbeziehung minimalinvasiver Methoden bei. Letztere ermöglichen die anatomiegerechte Reposition und Stabilisierung von dorsal sowie die druckstabile Rekonstruktion auch des ventralen Abschnittes der Wirbelsäulenachse bei deutlich reduzierter Morbidität.
The genesis of adult sleep apnoea in childhood

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea have been identified and described in adults, children, and infants.1-3 It is not certain, however, if the adult sleep apnoea syndromes, particularly OSA, originate from childhood or whether paediatric and adult sleep apnoea are separate syndromes. Some investigators have suggested that the pathophysiology, criteria for diagnosis, and the management of paediatric patients with OSA are different from that for adults.4-7 Other investigators have found that risk factors, clinical symptoms, and the consequences of OSA share common features between adults, children and infants.8-11 We propose that the adult sleep apnoea syndrome is related to sleep apnoea in children, and that adult patients with sleep apnoea have been predisposed to developing apnoea since early infancy. The differences in OSA in patient populations of different age groups may represent different stages in the development of the adult form of OSA. This review will discuss the similarities and differences between adult, childhood and infant sleep apnoea, particularly OSA. The risk factors, potential mechanisms, and familial factors of OSA will be presented to ascertain the possible genesis of adult sleep apnoea during childhood. The OSA syndrome in adults was identified more than 30 years ago,12 has been described extensively in adults, and is believed to be caused by collapse of the oropharyngeal airway.1 It is not certain whether adult patients had OSA as infants or children; however, the diagnosis of OSA in adults often occurs several years after the onset of symptoms, sometimes starting during adolescence. Obstructive apnoea is associated with repetitive episodes of hypoxaemia, sleep fragmentation, and cardiovascular and neurobehavioural sequelae (fig 1). 13-15 Several risk factors have been identified that predispose an individual to developing OSA including obesity, age, sex, upper airway structural abnormalities, and a family history of …
Genetic Haemoglobin Disorders in Pakistan

Genetic haemoglobin disorders are broadly divided into thalassaemia syndromes and abnormal haemoglobins. Thalassaemias are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders of haemoglobin synthesis in which one or more globin chains are either not produced at all (β) or are produced at a reduced rate (β). These are classified according to the type of globin chain(s) affected. The abnormal haemoglobins are produced in normal amount but are structurally abnormal and therefore lack the usual qualities of haemoglobin. Some abnormal haemoglobins like Hb-E, in addition to being structurally abnormal are produced in reduced amount [1].
University of Groningen Differential role of the 5-HT 1 A receptor in aggressive and non-aggressive mice

Differential role of the 5-HT1A receptor in aggressive and non-aggressive mice: an across-strain comparison. PHYSIOL BEHAV 00(0) 000000, 2006. According to the serotonin (5-HT)-deficiency hypothesis of aggression, highly aggressive individuals are characterized by low brain 5HT neurotransmission. Key regulatory mechanisms acting on the serotonergic neuron involve the activation of the somatodendritic inhibitory 5HT1A autoreceptor (short feedback loop) and/or the activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors expressed on neurons in cortico-limbic areas (long feedback loop). In this study, we examined whether low serotonin neurotransmission is associated with enhanced 5-HT1A (auto)receptor activity in highly aggressive animals. Male mice (SAL-LAL, TA-TNA, NC900-NC100) obtained through different artificial-selection breeding programs for aggression were observed in a resident–intruder test. The prefrontal cortex level of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAAwere determined by means of HPLC. The activity of the 5-HT1A receptors was assessed by means of the hypothermic response to the selective 5-HT1A agonists S-15535 (preferential autoreceptor agonist) and 8-OHDPAT (full preand postsynaptic receptor agonist). Highly aggressive mice had lower serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and two out of three aggressive strains had higher 5-HT1A (auto)receptor sensitivity. The results strengthen the validity of the serotonin-deficiency hypothesis of aggression and suggest that chronic exaggerated activity of the 5-HT1A receptor may be a causative link in the neural cascade of events leading to 5-HT hypofunction in aggressive individuals. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Identification of Dominant Negative Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Mutants That Interfere with the Functional Inactivation of APOBEC3G by Virus-Encoded Vif

ABSTRACT APOBEC3G (A3G) is a host cytidine deaminase that serves as a potent intrinsic inhibitor of retroviral replication. A3G is packaged into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions and deaminates deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine on nascent minus-strand retroviral cDNA, leading to hyper-deoxyguanine-to-deoxyadenine mutations on positive-strand cDNA and inhibition of viral replication. The antiviral activity of A3G is suppressed by Vif, a lentiviral accessory protein that prevents encapsidation of A3G. In this study, we identified dominant negative mutants of Vif that interfered with the ability of wild-type Vif to inhibit the encapsidation and antiviral activity of A3G. These mutants were nonfunctional due to mutations in the highly conserved HCCH and/or SOCS box motifs, which are required for assembly of a functional Cul5-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Similarly, mutation or deletion of a PPLP motif, which was previously reported to be important for Vif dimerization, induced a dominant negative phenotype. Expression of dominant negative Vif counteracted the Vif-induced reduction of intracellular A3G levels, presumably by preventing Vif-induced A3G degradation. Consequently, dominant negative Vif interfered with wild-type Vif's ability to exclude A3G from viral particles and reduced viral infectivity despite the presence of wild-type Vif. The identification of dominant negative mutants of Vif presents exciting possibilities for the design of novel antiviral strategies.
Degenerative Changes in the Ankle in Former Elite High Jumpers

ObjectiveThe object of this study was to find what degenerative changes are present in the ankle (talotibiofibular) joints in former elite high jumpers at least 10 years after their retirement from competition, whether there are differences between takeoff and swinging leg, and whether correlations between any particular training history parameters, former injuries, and the degenerative changes can be recognized. DesignA cross-sectional case control study with matched controls for radiological outcomes SettingThe Orthopedic Department at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. ParticipantsThe subjects were 40 male high jumpers (required personal best at least 2.18m), featured in the lists of top athletes kept by the German Athletics Association (DLV) from 1972 to 1986. All radiological findings were compared with X-rays of male age, and BMI-matched controls. Main Outcome MeasurementsAll underwent clinical and radiological examinations. In addition to eliciting data on the training history with the aid of a questionnaire, we assessed symptoms affecting the ankle by means of the Freiburg Ankle Score and the Kitaoka Score and scored the radiological findings according to Bargon and Scranton and MacDermott. ResultsDifferences between takeoff and swinging leg were small (Freiburg takeoff leg 93/swinging leg 95, Kitaoka takeoff 89/swinging leg 93 points on a 100 points scale) in both clinical scores, but statistically significant (p < 0.005). The more jumps were performed during the active phase, the worse the radiological scores (rs = 0.4, p = 0.01). Radiological differences between takeoff and swinging leg were not found. Comparison with controls revealed no radiological differences between athletes and age- and BMI-matched men (all p-values >0.40). It was found that one takeoff and one swinging leg ankle was affected by grade 2 arthritis (Bargon). Scranton grade 3 was found in four takeoff and in three swinging legs. No further correlations with training history data were found. Athletes who reported injuries in the past tended to have poorer radiological scores, although statistically not significant. None of the athletes had an instable ankle. ConclusionsThe talotibiofibular joints in former high jumpers showed only slight signs of wear and tear with no clinically relevant side-related differences; severe arthrosis with narrowing of the joint space was rare. The risk of arthrosis connected with high-jumping seems not to be elevated.
Sleep patterns and sleep disorders in children with autistic spectrum disorders: insights using parent report and actigraphy

The present study sought to describe the profile of sleep disturbance reported in children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) and to document any sleep disorders underlying reports of sleeplessness. Sixty‐nine children aged 5 to 16 years (mean 9 years 4 months, SD 2 years 7 months; 14 females) with an ASD were assessed by detailed sleep histories taken from parents, the Simonds and Parraga Sleep Questionnaire, a 2‐week sleep diary, and actigraphs worn by the child for five nights. Parent‐reported sleeplessness featured prominently (64%). Sleep disorders underlying the sleeplessness were most commonly behavioural (i.e. to do with inappropriate sleep‐related behaviours), although sleep‐wake cycle disorders and anxiety‐related problems were also seen. In addition, the sleeplessness patterns of a large minority of children could not be classified by conventional diagnostic criteria. Sleep patterns measured objectively did not differ between those children with or without reported sleeplessness, but the sleep quality of all children seemed to be compromised compared with normal values.
Design of hemi-spherical conformal array with a wide-angle scanning

A hemi-spherical conformal array with wide-angle scanning is designed in this paper. After the selection of active region, the elements which are not contributed to the array are switched off. The dual polarized patch antennas are employed as radiation elements, then the required polarization in the main beam region is realized by designing the weighted individual feeding ports of the patch antennas before the pattern synthesis is performed. The modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithm, which has a better performance in synthesis of the conformal array, is then employed to optimize the pattern with low side lobe level (SLL). During this progress, the modified Bernstein polynomial is used to reduce the number of optimization variables, which can greatly accelerate the optimization progress. Finally, a hemi-spherically covered conformal array with 143 radiation elements is designed and the produced cross-polarization is very low in the main beam region and the SLL is less than -20dB.
SEX‐RATIO BIAS AND CLONAL REPRODUCTION IN THE BRITTLE STAR OPHIACTIS SAVIGNYI

Abstract Although the sex ratios of many groups conform to Fisher's (1930) prediction that parents should invest equally in daughters and sons, a number of taxa are characterized by excesses of one gender. A variety of mechanisms may lead to sex ratio biases, but in organisms that reproduce clonally as well as sexually, gender differences in the rate of cloning could drive the development of sex‐ratio biases. In this study, I demonstrate that males of the clonal brittle star Ophiactis savignyi were significantly more likely to divide than females and that the magnitude of this difference was sufficient to explain the consistent and significant excess of males in natural populations. Females were significantly more likely to lose sexual reproductive capabilities following division, and this greater cost associated with division may explain why females are less likely to divide. Gender differences in mortality rates are unlikely to explain the excess of males in this species. Because of their potential influence on the operational sex ratio, gender differences in division rates may have important ecological and evolutionary implications including effects on the direction and strength of selection.
Cardiac risk stratification for noncardiac surgery: Update from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2007 guidelines

The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association updated their joint guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery in 2007. The guidelines recommend preoperative cardiac testing only when the results may influence patient management. They specify four high-risk conditions for which evaluation and preoperative treatment are needed: unstable coronary syndromes, decompensated heart failure, significant cardiac arrhythmias, and severe valvular disease. Patient-specific factors and the risk of the surgery itself are considerations in the need for an evaluation and the treatment strategy before noncardiac surgery. In most instances, coronary revascularization before noncardiac surgery has not been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality, except in patients with left main disease. The timing of surgery following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) depends on whether a stent was used, the type of stent, and the antiplatelet regimen.
The Lyre and the Oaten Flute: Garcilaso and the Pastoral

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Production of the Antibiotic Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid by Fluorescent Pseudomonas Species in the Rhizosphere of Wheat

Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and P. aureofaciens 30-84 produce the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and suppress take-all, an important root disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. To determine whether the antibiotic is produced in situ, wheat seeds were treated with strain 2-79 or 30-84 or with phenazine-nonproducing mutants or were left untreated and then were sown in natural or steamed soil in the field or growth chamber. The antibiotic was isolated only from roots of wheat colonized by strain 2-79 or 30-84 in both growth chamber and field studies. No antibiotic was recovered from the roots of seedlings grown from seeds treated with phenazine-nonproducing mutants or left untreated. In natural soils, comparable amounts of antibiotic (27 to 43 ng/g of root with adhering soil) were recovered from roots colonized by strain 2-79 whether or not the pathogen was present. Roots of plants grown in steamed soil yielded larger bacterial populations and more antibiotic than roots from natural soils. In steamed and natural soils, roots from which the antibiotic was recovered had significantly less disease than roots with no antibiotic, indicating that suppression of take-all is related directly to the presence of the antibiotic in the rhizosphere.
Ensemble Algorithm with Syntactical Tree Features to Improve the Opinion Analysis

Resumen: En este articulo se describe como la integracion en modo ensamble de varias tecnicas de analisis de opinion permite mejorar la precision del analisis u otros problemas de PLN donde el tamano disponible del corpus de entrenamiento es pequeno en comparacion al espacio de hipotesis y por tanto se deben explorar diversas estrategias. Dentro de las estrategias a introducir, se presenta una nueva forma de introducir el analisis morfo-sintactico con objeto de encontrar relaciones que los metodos tradicionales no son capaces de realizar. Palabras clave: Ensamble, arbol de Sintaxis, analisis de opinion. MaxEnt