Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual-sided subspace mappings for main-beam multi-target super-resolution in clutter and interference

The need for localizing multiple main-beam targets in the presence of interference, clutter and jammers arises in scenarios such as: air defense, where a radar detection may correspond to one or multiple targets (e.g., a missile launched from an airborne platform); ballistic missile defense, where the incoming missile complex involves a large number of objects; cruise missile defense for low angle target tracking in multipath; etc. This paper presents a super-resolution approach for the sub-beamwidth localization of multiple main-beam targets in the presence of clutter and interference, doing so with a single snapshot of sensor array data while placing nulls at specified locations. Such process first maps array data into compact subspaces containing the information of interest (e.g., a cluster of receive beams with imbedded nulls). Super-resolution is then achieved via small-matrix operations on the subspace data. The ensuing result is a mapping of array data into a compressed “information domain,” yielding an effective, practical Sensor-to-Information process that is more accurate, robust and versatile than current super-resolution methods.
Bias in Mental Testing since Bias in Mental Testing

Racial/ethnic subgroup differences in average performance on standardized tests o f cogn i­ tive ability are well established (Gordon & Bhattacharya, “Race and Intelligence," and Jensen, “Race and IQ Scores,” in E ncyclopedia o f H um an Intelligence, 1994; H errnstein & M urray, The B ell Curve, 1994), but the reasons for these differences are an ongoing source o f controversy. One popular and longstanding claim is that mean differences are caused by “cultural bias” in the tests. Arthur Jensen exhaustively review ed the empirical literature on the issue o f test bias, which resulted in his seminal book, B ias in M en ta l Testing (BIM T), published in 1980. On the basis o f empirical criteria for evaluating test bias, Jensen con­ cluded that standardized aptitude/ability tests predict equally w ell for American-born, Eng­ lish-speaking majority and minority subgroups and measure similar constructs. This paper summarizes the major conclusions from BIM T and evaluates writing on test bias published since BIMT. W e conclude that empirical research to date consistently finds that standardized cognitive tests are not biased in terms o f predictive and construct validity. Furthermore, con­ tinued claim s o f test bias, which appear in academic journals, the popular media, and som e p sychology textbooks, are not empirically justified. T hese claim s o f bias should be met with skepticism and evaluated critically according to established scientific principles.
Title Towards photo watercolorization with artistic verisimilitude

We present a novel artistic-verisimilitude driven system for watercolor rendering of images and photos. Our system achieves realistic simulation of a set of important characteristics of watercolor paintings that have not been well implemented before. Specifically, we designed several image filters to achieve: 1) watercolor-specified color transferring; 2) saliency-based level-of-detail drawing; 3) hand tremor effect due to human neural noise; and 4) an artistically controlled wet-in-wet effect in the border regions of different wet pigments. A user study indicates that our method can produce watercolor results of artistic verisimilitude better than previous filter-based or physical-based methods. Furthermore, our algorithm is efficient and can easily be parallelized, making it suitable for interactive image watercolorization.
Measurement of Indoleamine 2, 3 Dioxygenase Activity in Colorectal Cancer: A Controlled Group Study

Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme that converts tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), suppresses antitumor immune responses via depletion of Trp and accumulation of Kyn. We hypothesized that, in colorectal cancer (CRC), IDO activity may serve as a biomarker and thus we compared the IDO activity between patients with CRC and those without CRC. We further assessed the effect of surgical treatment of CRC on IDO activity.Methods: Serum concentrations of Trp and Kyn were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in the sera of 68 patients with CRC (CRC group) and 38 without CRC (Control group) prior surgery (D0) and 7 days after surgery (D7). The IDO activity was estimated by the serum Kyn-to-Trp ratio (Kyn/Trp ratio). Results: At Day 0, serum Kyn concentration was higher in the CRC group than in Control group (1.7 [1.4;2.1] μM vs 1.25 [0.9;1.78] μM, respectively; p=0.004) while no difference in serum concentration of Trp was observed between the two groups. Kyn/Trp ratio (IDO activity) was significantly higher in the CRC group than in Control group. At Day 7 serum concentrations of Trp, Kyn and the Kyn/Trp ratio were not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusion: This study indicates that IDO activity is higher in patients with CRC compared with those without CRC. Surgical treatment impacts the IDO activity with a similar Kyn/Trp ratio in both groups. This study is the first step to larger studies to establish the Kyn/Trp ratio as a reliable serum marker of CRC.
Multi-style training of HMMS with stereo data for reverberation-robust speech recognition

A novel training algorithm using data pairs of clean and reverberant feature vectors for estimating robust Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), introduced in [1] for matched training, is employed in this paper for multi-style training. The multi-style HMMs are derived from well-trained clean-speech HMMs by aligning the clean data to the clean-speech HMM and using the resulting state-frame alignment to estimate the Gaussian mixture densities from the reverberant data of several different rooms. Thus, the temporal alignment is fixed for all reverberation conditions contained in the multi-style training set so that the model mismatch between the different rooms is reduced. Therefore, this training approach is particularly suitable for multi-style training. Multi-style HMMs trained by the proposed approach and adapted to the current room condition using maximum likelihood linear regression significantly outperform the corresponding adapted multi-style HMMs trained by the conventional Baum-Welch algorithm. In strongly reverberant rooms, the proposed adapted multi-style HMMs even outper-form Baum-Welch HMMs trained on matched data.
Noise Analysis in High-Pass ΔΣ Modulator

This paper presents an analysis of various noises in high-pass ΔΣ modulator. The effect of jitter and switch noise is the same in HP modulator than in conventional modulator. These noises can be considered as white noise and increase the in band noise floor degrading the performance of the high-pass ΔΣ modulator. However, unlike the effect of op-amp noise in the conventional modulator, the op-amp noise is amplified at the output of the high-pass ΔΣ modulator by a factor that depends on the parameters of the high-pass ΔΣ modulator. This factor is first determined by analysis using mainly the linear model of the high-pass ΔΣ modulator and then confirmed by behavioral simulation and measurement.
Receptor stimulated accumulation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐trisphosphate by G‐protein mediated pathways in human myeloid derived cells.

Phosphoinositide 30H‐kinase (PI3K) activities are thought to be critical regulatory enzymes in a new intracellular signalling pathway, the activation of which results in the rapid accumulation of a putative signalling molecule, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5) P3]. To date, activation of PI3K has always correlated with its recruitment into complexes containing protein tyrosine kinases (PTK). Here we report that agonists which utilize G‐protein mediated transduction pathways can stimulate very rapid and large accumulations of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 via a novel mechanism, possibly involving direct coupling between the G‐protein and a PI3K activity. In addition, some of these agonists also stimulate small increases in PI3K activity in anti‐phosphotyrosine and anti‐src‐type PTK antibody directed immunoprecipitates, indicating activation of PI3K via a ‘conventional’ PTK mediated mechanism; these pathways however, play only a minor role in the initial, agonist sensitive production of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in myeloid derived cells.
Role of NADPH Oxidase in the Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Aorta of Aged Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats

Objective(s) Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and the development of endothelial dysfunction. NADPH oxidase type enzyme family has been suggested to form ROS and to interfere with endothelium-dependent relaxation. However, the specific isoform of NADPH oxidases that may predominantly contribute to these events remains to be clarified. Materials and Methods Here we investigated the expressional regulation of NADPH oxidase isoforms (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4) in aorta of aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in comparison to age matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Moreover, we examined the effect of in vitro inhibition of NADPH oxidase by apocynin or the novel NADPH oxidase inhibitor, VAS2870 on the vascular reactivity and ROS production. Results Our results showed that ROS formation was largely increased in aorta of SHR as measured by dihydroethidine (DHE) fluorescence and inhibited by apocynin or VAS2870. NADPH oxidase activity, measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and of NOX1 and NOX2 protein levels were increased in aortic homogenates from SHR compared to WKY. However, NOX4 protein expression was not significantly changed. Furthermore, the impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation of SHR aorta was significantly improved in the presence of either apocynin or VAS2870. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggest that NADPH oxidases, particularly NOX1 and NOX2 are relevant sources of ROS in the aorta of aged SHR thereby cause endothelial dysfunction, and VAS2870 is effective as apocynin in reversing these consequences.
3D Human Shapes Correspondence using the Principal Curvature Fields on a Local Surface Parametrization

In this paper, we address the problem of the correspondence b etween 3D non-rigid human shapes. We propose a local surface description around the 3D human body extremi i s. It is based on the mean of principal curvature fields values on the intrinsic Darcyan parametriz ation constructed around these points. The similarity between the resulting descriptors is, then, measured in the sense of theL2 distance. Experiments on a several human objects from the TOSCA dataset confirm the accuracy of t he proposed approach.
CrossTalk opposing view: Which technique for controlling resistant hypertension? Carotid chemoreceptor denervation/modulation

L. E. K. Ratcliffe, W. Pijacka, F. D. McBryde, A. P. Abdala, D. J. Moraes, P. A. Sobotka, E. C. Hart, K. Narkiewicz, A. K. Nightingale and J. F. R. Paton CardioNomics Research Group, Clinical Research and Imaging Centre and School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, SP, Brazil The Ohio State University, 2015 Marywood Lane West, St Paul, MN 55118, USA Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7c, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
Compression automatique de phrases : une étude vers la génération de résumés. (Automatic sentence compression : towards abstract summarization)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Compression automatique de phrases : une étude vers la génération de résumés Alejandro Molina Villegas
Estimación de modelos para evaluar la pungencia en cebolla

El término allium deriva del céltico “all”, que significa caliente o picante, lo cual pone de manifiesto la presencia de una gran cantidad de compuestos saborizantes y aromáticos en las plantas de la familia botánica de las liliáceas. El flavor característico de la cebolla se debe a los compuestos sulfurados, que impregnan todos los tejidos de la planta. Estos compuestos tienen un elemento en común, el azufre, el cual se encuentra en los bulbos en cantidades considerables. La biosíntesis de los compuestos sulfurados es compleja debido a la gran variedad de productos químicos involucrados. Dos sulfóxidos no volátiles (metil sulfóxido de cisteína y el propenil sulfóxido de cisteína) son los precursores químicos de los compuestos volátiles en la cebolla. Estos compuestos se acumulan en las vesículas de la célula (figura 1) donde son relativamente estables, sin generar olor. Los compuestos organosulfurados volátiles son generados por la acción de la enzima aliinasa (S-2alk(en)yl cisteina) sobre los compuestos no volátiles (Carravedo y Mallor, 2007). Al cortar el bulbo de la cebolla, los dos compuestos precursores quedan expuestos a la acción de la aliinasa y al oxígeno. Como consecuencia de este corte se producen dos reacciones químicas, consecutivas. En la primera, la enzima controla la reacción produciéndose productos principales responsables de la pungencia y otras sustancias secundarias como el ácido pirúvico, alcoholes, azúcares y amonio, aunque también existe ácido pirúvico endógeno en los bulbos que tienen poca relación con la reacción de los compuestos de característica sulfurada. En la segunda reacción química, se producen niveles altos de compuestos volátiles sulfurados, como consecuencia de las diferentes reacciones de hidrólisis. Uno de los compuestos volátiles formados es el sulfóxido de tiopropanal, que se disipa en el aire. Cuando alcanza los ojos, reacciona con el medio acuoso para forma una disolución poco concentrada de ácido sulfúrico. Este ácido provoca la irritación de las terminaciones nerviosas de los ojos, provocando escozor. Como respuesta y con el fin de diluir y eliminar este efecto, las glándulas lagrimales producen lágrimas.
Opioid antagonist effects on self-injury in adults with mental retardation: response form and location as determinants of medication effects.

The opioid antagonist naltrexone was administered to 8 adults with severe or profound mental retardation and extensive histories of self-injurious behavior. Five-minute behavioral samples were observed randomly out of every hour from 8 a.m. through 3 p.m. , Monday through Friday, for four 2-week phases (baseline, placebo, 50 mg, and 100 mg). During naltrexone administration, there were fewer days with frequent head-banging and self-biting, whereas there were more days on which blows to the head or self-biting were infrequent. Self-injurious participants slept 1.38 hours less per night during baseline, which was unaffected by naltrexone.
What's the best possible speedup achievable in distributed simulation: Amdahl's law reconstructed

Amdahl asserted that a program can run no faster than inversely related to the number of processors compared to what it can on a single processor. This speed up relation was originally stated as an assumption and has never been proved as such. For discrete event simulation, this implies that a distributed simulation is similarly limited in speed. In this paper, we derive a proof based on first principles specifically in the context of distributed simulation. The formulation and proof are simple yielding new insights into distributed simulation dependence on factors such as event work load distribution, numbers of processors, and inter-processor communication. We conclude with an interpretation of the theory to parallel DEVS simulation and show that on the average the standard DEVS distributed protocol may require at most 60% more run time of the best possible method conservative or optimistic method. Moreover, the DEVS protocol converges to the best possible speedup for models with moderate to high coupling. We conclude with a discussion of open research issues this approach raises.
Performing authenticated encryption with nanoscale phenomenon

Recent progress in nanotechnology has focused on applying nanoscale phenomenon in physical layer or device level applications. In this paper, we show that nanoscale phenomenon cannot only be used in physical layer, but also in high layer application such as communication protocols. In this paper, we study the possibility of performing authentication and encryption based on quantum entanglement, which is a phenomenon available only at the nanoscale level. Unlike classical authentication and encryption algorithms, the security of this protocol is based on nanoscale physical laws, instead of any unproven mathematic conjecture.
EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON THE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF TRYPTAMINE BY RAT LIVER HOMOGENATE

1 The effect of a wide range of ethanol concentrations (v/v) on indoleacetic acid (IAA) formation from the oxidative deamination of tryptamine was studied in vitro, in rat whole liver homogenate. 2 IAA production was inhibited progressively by ethanol in concentrations between 0.01% to 0.2%, but the inhibition declined when the ethanol concentration was increased further to 6%. 3 Ethanol‐induced inhibition of IAA formation was only partially reversed by excess aldehyde dehydrogenase, whereas reductions in IAA formation were completely prevented by pyrazole or ethanol (6% and 10%) itself. 4 Excess nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide failed to alter the inhibitory effect of ethanol and no evidence was obtained for inhibition of monoamine oxidase by ethanol or its metabolite, acetaldehyde. 5 We conclude that ethanol indirectly inhibits IAA production as a result of oxidation of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase, during which the oxidative metabolism of tryptamine is shifted towards the reductive pathway, thus favouring the formation of tryptophol in place of IAA.
Stigma and HIV disclosure in the Cape Metropolitan area, South Africa

Disclosure rates of HIV-positive status remain low and are considered to be related to stigmatisation. Determining the factors that influence a person's decision to disclose a positive status is essential to understanding the process of and ways to improve disclosure rates. This study investigated the factors that influence the disclosure of a person's HIV-positive status and focused on socio-demographic factors, stigma and discrimination, religion, culture, fear of abandonment and rejection as well as knowledge of the disease that may all influence disclosure rates. A facility based descriptive cross-sectional research design with a quantitative approach was applied using convenience sampling. The sample comprised 150 individuals which was 12.5% of the study population. A self-administered questionnaire comprising mainly closed-ended questions, with a limited number of open ended questions was designed, tested and utilised. Statistical associations were determined between the demographic factors and responses to the questions. The open ended questions were analysed thematically by means of content analysis to extract meaning. The results revealed that fear of stigmatisation, especially among the male participants, was a major reason for delayed or non-disclosure. The results of the total study sample also showed that the level of education influenced the fear of stigmatisation; those with secondary school level education were most afraid of this (29%). There was a statistically significant association between fear of blame or discrimination and disclosure to the sexual partner. This fear was most often cited by the participants who had never married (19%). The participants who feared blame or discrimination the most reported having no income (23%). The findings of this study indicate that numerous factors influence HIV disclosure. Stigma of individuals who are HIV-positive remains a barrier to disclosure as well as fear of blame and discrimination. Recommendations were made to facilitate and increase disclosure rates. This should include community based support groups and advocating partners to attend voluntary counselling and testing together to minimise the fear of blame.
Cryptococcal osteomyelitis: a report of 5 cases and a review of the recent literature

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen associated with advanced HIV disease and other disorders associated with immune dysfunction. The pulmonary and the central nervous system are the most common manifestations of the disease. Localised osteomyelitis as the sole manifestation of extrapulmonary disease is rare. Herein, we present five cases of Cryptococcus osteomyelitis as the only manifestation of extrapulmonary disease. We also identified 84 additional cases of isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis in the literature. Using these data, we have made some general recommendations regarding an approach to treatment of this uncommon clinical entity.
Neutrophil and Eosinophil Granulocytes in Bacterial Infection: Sequential Studies of Cellular and Serum Levels of Granule Proteins

The intraneutrophilic concentrations of lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, collagenase and chymotrypsin‐like cationic proteins were measured sequentially during acute bacterial infection. The serum levels of lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase were also followed as well as the ‘eosinophil’ cationic protein as a marker for eosinophil leucocytes. During the early course of infection there was a profound but reversible decrease of intraneutrophilic lactoferrin. The levels of cellular collagenase and chymotrypsin‐like cationic proteins also tended to decrease reversibly during day 2–8 in most cases; myeloperoxidase levels were normal except for two cases. Serum myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin correlated with blood neutrophil counts. In spite of the absence of peripheral eosinophils the ‘eosinophil’ cationic proteins of serum were increased on the first day of infection, which may reflect increased eosinophil turnover.
Beta-Arrestin2 as a Competitor for GRK2 Interaction with the GLP-1 Receptor upon Receptor Activation

The signaling of seven transmembrane receptors/G-protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs) is regulated by a number of receptor interacting proteins, including βarrestins (βarrs) and GPCR kinases (GRKs). In the present report, we have analyzed the interaction pattern between the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R), βarr2, and GRK2 using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays. We found that βarr2 interacts with the GLP-1R in a biphasic manner with a phosphorylation-independent and a phosphorylation-dependent component. In competition experiments, we observed βarr2 competing with GRK2 for interaction with GLP-1R. We propose a model were βarr2 competes with GRK2 for interaction with the activated and GRK phosphorylated GLP-1R, suggesting a new role of βarr2 in regulating the orchestration of GRK2 functionality.