Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diurnal and seasonal variations in gas exchange and water relations of lowland and upland black spruce ecotypes

Gas exchange and water relations were measured on seedlings from two pairs of upland and lowland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) populations. The seedlings were planted under natural atmospheric conditions in exterior sand beds. Measurements were carried out on eight separate days during the summer of 1992. Diurnal and seasonal responses of gas exchange and water relations parameters to natural changes in environmental factors were analyzed for possible ecotypic differences. Differences were found among the four populations and within one of the two upland-lowland pairs. However, no differences could be linked significantly to an upland-lowland ecotypic differentiation. The physiological responses are discussed with respect to diurnal and seasonal changes in environmental factors and to similarities with results from an earlier experiment involving mature trees from the same four populations.
A Novel Member of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Superfamily from the Filarial NematodesBrugia malayiandB. pahangi

Abstract Gomez-Escobar, N. , Lewis, E. , and Maizels, R. M. 1998. A novel member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily from the filarial nematodesBrugia malayiandB. pahangi. Experimental Parasitology88, 200–209. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily genes encode products controlling pattern formation, cell differentiation, and immune-mediated inflammation. Members of this superfamily are known in multicellular organisms from mammals to the model nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. Using PCR with oligonucleotides complementary to highly conserved motifs in the TGF-β superfamily, we first isolated a genomic clone from the filarial nematodeBrugia malayi. This gene, termed Bm-tgh-1(TGF-β homolog-1), spans 2.5 kb of genomic DNA and contains seven exons. Transcripts of this gene are poorly represented in cDNA libraries, but a full-length cDNA was isolated by RACE fromB. pahangi (Bp-tgh-1). Thetgh-1genes from the two species are >98% identical at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, differing at 18/1576 base pairs and 5/428 amino acids; all nonsynonymous substitutions are in the long N-terminal propeptide. They show a high level of similarity throughout all seven exons to aC. elegansgene on cosmid T25F10. Homology to other members of the TGF-β superfamily is restricted to the C-terminal domain which contains the mature active protein. Key features shared with other members of the superfamily include the tetrabasic proteolytic cleavage site to release an active C-terminal peptide, seven cysteines arrayed in identical fashion, and conserved sequence motifs.tgh-1is most similar to the BMP-1 subfamily involved in developmental signaling in nematodes, insects, and vertebrates. RT-PCR on first-strand cDNA from bothBrugiaspecies, with primers specific to the 3′ end, showed thattgh-1is not expressed in the microfilarial stage, but is detectable in the mosquito-derived infective larvae and is maximal in maturing parasites around the time of molting in the mammalian host. Adult parasites show a relatively low level of expression. The identification oftgh-1, and its preferential expression in developing parasites, suggests that it may be involved in key developmental events in the complex filarial life cycle.
Distributional patterns of macro- and megafauna associated with a reef of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa on the Swedish west coast

In this study the distributional pattern of the macro- and megafauna of a small (ca. 300 m 2 ) Lophelia pertusa (L., 1758) reef was studied with a ROV (remotely operated vehicle). The reef is situated in a shallow fjord off the Swedish west coast. The number of taxa and their abundance in transects from the reef itself and from 3 zones (Zone 1 = 50 m, Zone 2 = 100 m and Zone 3 = 200 m) around the reef were compared. Both the number of taxa (from 30 to 33 transect -1 ) and the abun- dance of individuals (from 21 to 7 m -2 ) decreased with increasing distance from the reef. Divided into ecological guilds, predators and filter-feeders decreased with distance from the reef (predators from 7 to 0.3 ind. m -2 , and filter-feeders from 13 to 6 ind. m -2 from Zone 0 to Zone 3), while deposit-feed- ers increased with increasing distance from 0.04 to 0.4 ind. m -2 from Zone 0 to Zone 3. Sessile species decreased more with increasing distance than mobile species, from 19 to 7 ind. m -2 and from 1 to 0.7 ind. m -2 , respectively. Our results also show that small deep-water coral reefs enhance local bio- diversity, but the advantage to individual species depends on their mode of feeding and mobility.
Building Better Web-based Learning Environments: Thinking in “3S”

Construction of web pages and sites is not difficult; software enables teachers to assemble and orchestrate text and images on a page without typing HTML code (hypertext markup language—the code of Internet communication). Teachers have begun to create their own web sites that often contain assignments, course listings, curriculum, and students' artwork in an electronic gallery. This is an example of using a web site as a source of information—here is what we do, and these are the results.
Witness Generation for Data-ﬂow Analysis

: A program analyzer, which determines whether a given program satisﬁes or violates the speciﬁcation, may itself contain bugs and thus be untrustworthy. Hence, the analyzer should back its claims with witnesses, which can be understood by the programmer and automatically checked by independent tools. Interprocedural data-ﬂow analysis is well-suited for certain problems but its abstractions do not directly correspond to required witnesses. We show that witnesses can be generated with data-ﬂow analysis by designing the necessary methods to handle interprocedurality and adapting a technique from model checking to increase precision of the generated witnesses. The ideas are implemented and experimentally evaluated in the data-ﬂow analyzer Goblint. This allows improving trustworthiness and usability of data-ﬂow analyzers and enables their comparison with other veriﬁers.
Taxes and Risk-Taking Incentives

We predict and find that corporate taxes are positively associated with systematic (but not idiosyncratic) risk. Exploiting plausibly exogenous changes in state tax rates, we observe firms shifting away from CEO equity compensation toward greater cash compensation following state corporate tax rate increases. In contrast, we observe no changes to CEO compensation structure following personal tax rate changes, consistent with personal tax rates having no association with systematic risk. Finally, we also report that changes in new investment are associated with increases in state corporate income taxes rather than state personal income taxes. Overall, our findings provide novel insight into which taxes affect risk-taking, and how taxes can affect the design of compensation contracts and the allocation of firm resources.
Identity-based Authenticated and Efficient Traceable Search System for Secure Cloud Storage

: As Cloud Computing winds up overflowing, sensitive data are in effect dynamically incorporated into the cloud. For the insurance of information security, sensitive learning must be encoded before re-appropriating, that makes successful learning use a difficult undertaking. Instead of the fact that antiquated accessible coding plans empower clients to solidly seek over scrambled learning without capturing any relevancy of knowledge files. Secure inquiry over encoded remote information is important in distributed computing to confirm the knowledge protection and easy use. Thus, tracing and revoking the malicious user abuses secret key must be solved imminently. Here we propose associate written agreement free traceable attribute based mostly multiple keywords set search system with verifiable outsourced decipherment. The key written agreement free mechanism may effectively forestall the key generation centre (KGC) from unscrupulously looking and decrypting all encrypted files of users. Also, the decipherment method solely needs extreme is lightweight computation that may be a fascinating feature for energy-limited devices. Additionally, economical user revocation is enabled when the malicious user is found out. Moreover, the planned system is in a position to support versatile range of attributes instead of polynomial bounded. Versatile multiple keyword set search pattern is realized, and also the modification of the question keywords order doesn't have an effect on the search result.
Model of a Split‐Flow Airlift Bioreactor for Attachment‐Dependent, Baculovirus‐Infected Insect Cells

A mathematical model of a split‐flow airlift bioreactor using attachment‐dependent, baculovirus‐infected insect cells is presented. The model is structured to predict the dynamics of human secreted alkaline phosphatase (seAP) production, nonoccluded virus (NOV) production, infected cell density, uninfected cell density, and lysed cell density for a variety of infection conditions in the reactor. Infected cells are divided into subpopulations on the basis of the time of initial infection and spatial location within the reactor. The infection rate is modeled as first order in virus concentration at low virus concentrations but zero order at high virus concentrations. NOV and seAP production in each subpopulation is assumed to be dependent on the age of the culture and degree of confluency. The subpopulation growth rate is assumed to be dependent on dissolved oxygen concentration and cell density. Extracellular degradation of seAP is included. Model parameters were estimated independently from the literature on Trichoplusia ni BTI‐TN‐5B1‐4 cells infected with recombinant Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) encoding seAP. Model predictions of seAP production are in reasonable agreement with laboratory scale bioreactor data for multiplicity of infection (MOI) values ranging from 1 to 30. The model predicts that bioreactor protein productivity could be increased significantly by operating at an MOI of 10, an initial cell density of 2.5 × 105 cells/cm2, an area ratio of riser to downcomer of 25:75, and an airflow rate of 100 mL/min.
Performance Prediction of a Single-Phase Capacitor-Run Axial Flux Induction Motor under Static Eccentricity

Abstract Nowadays single-phase axial flux induction motors are widely used in home applications. This increasing usage is because of their distinct advantages over conventional induction motors. Some of these advantages are their planar and adjustable air gap, better power to weight and diameter to length ratio, compact construction, better efficiency, high utilisation of the active materials and thus a favourable power density. This paper deals with analysis and experiment of a single-phase capacitor-run axial flux induction motor (AFIM). The mathematical model of studied motor in transient and steady-state is investigated based on d-q axis theory. In particular, the proposed model takes into account the effect of core saturation, supply voltage and eccentricity. An experimental test setup is built to calculate core B-H curve. Also, a new definition for static eccentricity in direct drive systems is presented and its definition in shaft-coupled axial flux machines is improved. Finally, the studied AFIM is fabricated and tested. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data obtained from the prototype motor.
Linearization of the Multi-Level SVPWM Signal Generation in the Over-Modulation Region Extending up to Six-Step Mode Using Only the Sampled Amplitudes of Reference Phase Voltages

Abstract A multi-level PWM signal generation with linear transfer characteristics between fundamental component of output voltage and modulation index is proposed in this paper for a n-level SVPWM signal generation. The reference signal to the PWM modulator is pre-scaled in over-modulation region, keeping the fundamental component of the modified signals same as the original signal. The modified reference signal is always confined within the carrier region. Thus linear transfer characteristics can be extended throughout the over-modulation region up to six-step mode to get the maximum utilization of DC link, for multi-level inverter drive control of any general n-level. In this paper, the principle of pre-scaling the reference signal, based on a look up table, for two-level PWM generation is extended to a general n-level SVPWM. The whole PWM signal generation is implemented using only the sampled amplitudes of reference phase voltages and the algorithm is very suitable for real time implementation on DSP processors. A five-level inverter configuration, using an open-end winding induction motor drive, is used for verifying the SVPWM generation scheme, experimentally.
Sero-Prevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma Gondii IgM and IgG Antibodies among Young Adults with History of Ocular Infection in South-Western Nigeria

Toxoplasma gondii causes a vision-threatening parasitic disease (ocular toxoplasmosis) which has been associated with posterior uveitis worldwide both in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals. This study investigated the sero-prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among undergraduate Students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State. The serum samples of 150 participants (75 males and 75 females, aged 16-36 years) with history of eye infection were randomly collected and screened using a one-step Bio-check Toxo IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test Cassette (Blue Cross Bio-Medical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China). The demographic and clinical information of the participants were also collected using a structured questionnaire. The outcome of the study shows that out of the 150 participants screened, 3 (2.0%) participants tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody only, 1 (0.7%) tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM antibody only, while 1 (0.7%) person tested positive to both anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies on the basis of gender and age among the study participants. Associated risk factors identified in this study include: Lack of awareness and poor knowledge of Toxoplasma gondii as aetiologic agent of ocular disease, wearing of contaminated contact lens, consumption of raw or undercooked meat, consumption of raw fruits and vegetables, contact with soil through gardening and collection of garbage among several others. Indications for eye infection among the study participants who tested positive for T. gondii antibodies include: red eye, itchy eyes, ocular discharge, foreign body sensation, painful eye, and eyestrain among other signs and symptoms. The outcome of this study shows that Toxoplasma gondii infection exist among undergraduate students of Babcock University, Ogun State with history of ocular infection; hence the need for sero-positive individuals to visit the Ophthalmology Clinic for further diagnosis and treatment. Public health awareness campaign regarding the mode of transmission and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis should also be kick-start, intensified and sustained.
Wheat Genetic Resources in Nepal

Genetic diversity must be maintained and utilized for sustainable agriculture development. The amount of genetic diversity in the country depends on the number and diversity of the original ancestors involved in the creation of a germplasm pool, wild relatives and existing landraces. The objective of this research was to study the diversity of wheat gene pool present in the Nepalese bread wheat cultivars and landraces that could help for developing conservation and utilization strategy effectively. We examined the pedigrees of 35 Nepalese wheat cultivars and surveyed the literature for distribution of landraces and wild relatives of wheat. Cultivated landraces of spring and winter type, wild landraces and diploid species of wheat are found in Nepal. There are 35 improved wheat cultivars, 540 landraces and 10 wild relatives of wheat. Crosses between winter and spring wheat gene pools are far more common and offer a new source of diversity. Mexico, India and Nepal are the origin countries for 35 cultivars. In Nepal four cultivars were bred and developed using foreign landraces and maximum number of cultivars was developed in Mexico. Lerma 52, first improved cereal variety to be released in the history of cereal breeding in Nepal was released in 1960. A total of 89 ancestors originated in 22 different countries were used to develop these cultivars. Highest number of ancestors was from India. Ancestors of both aestivum and durum species having winter, spring and intermediate growth habit indicated the collection of wide gene pool. Most of the ancestors were aestivum (76.40%) and spring growth habit (57.31%). Modern varieties are replacing the landraces and improved old varieties resulted in the genetic erosion. Therefore, in situ , on farm and ex situ conservations are necessary for maintaining these genetic variations. Unutilization of local landraces in breeding program may be the major factor that causes to accelerate the genetic erosion. Gene pool from these landraces along with international gene pool could make towards success in developing high yielding cultivars with wide adaptability. In this study, cultivars and landraces surveyed represent a wide range of variation for different areas of origin and adaptation. Key words: Ancestor; landrace; origin; wheat gene pool DOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0. 1859 Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.1-10
Forest Spatial Dynamics with Gap Expansion: Total Gap Area and Gap Size Distribution

Abstract Recent studies on forest dynamics in diverse forested ecosystems suggest that forest stands are disturbed more frequently if they are next to existing gaps, and that gaps once formed tend to expand their area in subsequent years. We examine total gap area and the size distribution of gaps at equilibrium in a lattice-structured forest model. Each site undergoes transition between two states (gaps and non-gaps), and the disturbance rate (transition from non-gap to gap) increases with the number of gap sites in the neighborhood. Dynamics based on a mean-field approximation (i.e. neglecting of spatial structure) failed to predict total gap area and the gap size distribution in the equilibrium forest. Pair approximation, which considers a closed dynamical system of average and local gap density (the conditional gap density among neighbors of a randomly chosen gap site), can predict the total gap area, the correlation between neighbors, and the gap size distribution fairly accurately. If the recruitment rate increases in proportion to non-gap area in the forest, the model may show bistability. We analyse data on forest spatial dynamics in the light of the model. We conclude that gap size distribution can often be described using two statistics (global and local gap densities) and that these in turn can be predicted by the dynamics of gap formation, gap expansion, regeneration, and gap closure.
Bio-physical modelling of the early life stages of haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, in the North Sea

An individual-based modelling approach was developed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns in the recruitment processes of North Sea haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus. The approach was based on the realization that the survivors to recruitment of an annual cohort are most probably not drawn at random from the initial population of eggs, but represent the fastest-growing individuals. Individual growth rates reflect the unique exposure of each larva to the environment along its drift trajectory. In this context, the environment refers to a wide range of factors affecting growth such as food, turbulence and temperature. A combination of a model of egg production by the adult stock, a particle-tracking scheme, and a model of larval growth and mortality rate was used to simulate the dispersal trajectories, and the survival of haddock larvae spawned at different times and locations on the continental shelf. The particle tracking was driven by flowfields from a climatological implementation of the Hamburg Shelf–Ocean Model (HAMSOM) for the North Sea and NE Atlantic. The system was able to resolve spatial and temporal patterns in the recruitment process and indicated that the surviving population of larvae was drawn from a restricted part of the spawning distribution. The results have the potential to guide the development of future conservation measures in fisheries management.
A Comparative study of Classification Techniques for Detecting Suspicious Criminal Activities on Emails

: Data mining, the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases, is a powerful new technology with great potential to predict future trends and behaviors, allowing system to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. One of the most popular data mining techniques is Classification. Classification is a data mining approach that relegates things in a gathering to target classifications or classes. The primary goal of classification is to accurately predict the target class for each one case in the data.Decision Trees are widely used in Classification. Decision Trees with enhanced feature selection may be applied to identify the Suspicious Criminal Activities, since Criminal Activities conducted via the internet are traditional crimes that are committed through the use of an electronic communication device. The main objective of this paper is to observe, analyze and compare the different Classification techniques.
Traditional El Niño and El Niño Modoki Revisited: Is El Niño Modoki Linearly Independent of Traditional El Niño?

Abstract The present study revisited the first two leading modes of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) during the period of 1979-2008. It is suggested that the so-called El Niño Modoki, which is captured by the second mode, exists objectively and exhibits obvious differences from traditional El Niño, which is captured by the first mode, in terms of its spatial characteristics. Furthermore, the authors found that El Niño Modoki is linearly independent of traditional El Niño; hence, it cannot be described as part of the traditional El Niño evolution, and vice versa.
Vitamin Supplementation Rates for U.S. Commercial Broilers, Turkeys, and Layers

Abstract Actual vitamin fortification rates were determined for U.S. commercial broiler, turkey, and egg layer feeds. Over 90% of each respective industry was represented. With few exceptions, commercial vitamin fortification rates exceeded National Research Council (NRC) recommendations. Mean vitamin fortification rates of Starter diets were higher than those for Finisher diets, and breeder diets were more heavily supplemented than Starter diets. Coefficients of variation for supplementation rates generally were high, but were lower in Starter than in Finisher diets. Rates for fat soluble vitamins were less variable than water soluble vitamins. As a proportion of either vitamin A or D, vitamin E supplementation remained essentially unchanged for broilers in all growth periods, whereas for turkeys, vitamin E fortification decreased by one-fourth from Starter to Finisher.