Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Power Generation for mm-Wave 5G Power Amplifiers in Deep Submicrometer Planar and FinFET Bulk CMOS

A review is presented of the key techniques for high-power, high-efficiency millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) 5G power amplifier (PA) design in deep submicrometer planar and FinFET bulk CMOS processes. The work utilizes a distributed unit cell-based layout technique for neutralized differential pairs and stacking transistors in bulk CMOS. This article also proposes a prediction of saturated output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {P}}_{{\mathrm {sat}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and its corresponding maximized power-added efficiency (PAE) at 39 GHz for three candidate power combined architectures of three-stage PAs with two supporting prototype PAs fabricated in 16-nm FinFET and 28-nm planar bulk CMOS processes. The single-stage two-stack 16-nm FinFET PA generates a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {P}}_{{\mathrm {sat}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 18.3 dBm from a 1.8-V supply at 39 GHz with a drain efficiency (DE) of 35.5%. The three-stage 28-nm PA incorporates a two-stack output stage with a balanced and compact 4-to-1 series-parallel combiner and achieves a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm {P}}_{{\mathrm {sat}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 26 dBm using a 2.2-V supply, PAE of 26.6%, and high average power measurements with single-carrier and 5G new radio orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulations with competitive efficiencies. Long-term reliability measurements are performed using aging acceleration techniques to demonstrate the robustness of both prototypes. The competitive power and efficiency results, supported with reliability measurements, show that bulk CMOS can achieve performance comparable to SOI CMOS for generating high power at mm-Wave frequencies.
Nonprescribed Sex Hormone Use Among Trans Women: The Complex Interplay of Public Policies, Social Context, and Discrimination.

Purpose: Trans women are systematically excluded from basic human rights, possibly due to social contexts of transphobia. In health care, such barriers may result in nonprescribed sex hormone use and lead to significant health complications. As few studies investigated this phenomenon, we analyzed factors associated with nonprescribed sex hormone use by trans women in seven municipalities of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Muriel was a cross-sectional study (2014/2015), in which 673 transgender people answered a face-to-face survey. This analysis focused on trans women (n=616). Poisson regression models were used to assess factors associated with nonprescribed sex hormone use. A direct acyclic graph was built with a priori knowledge on the matter and was used for covariate selection. Results: A total of 90.7% of participants reported ever taking sex hormones. Most of those detailed nonprescribed use, which was associated with sex work, starting to use hormones before 18, identifying as travesti and lower education. Having the chosen name honored in public health services was found to be protective against this outcome. Conclusion: A high proportion of nonprescribed sex hormone use was observed in our sample. Our findings suggest barriers to health care and the need for trans women to resort to medically unsupervised transition procedures. Among sex workers, this may also be due to higher economic and access needs than other groups. Ensuring social rights and providing adequate health care services may lessen nonprescribed sex hormone use, preventing subsequent risks and resulting in better health outcomes for trans women.
UNCOUPLING OF SILICON COMPARED WITH CARBON AND NITROGEN METABOLISMS AND THE ROLE OF THE CELL CYCLE IN CONTINUOUS CULTURES OF THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) UNDER LIGHT, NITROGEN, AND PHOSPHORUS CONTROL1

The elemental composition and the cell cycle stages of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle and Heimdal were studied in continuous cultures over a range of different light‐ (E), nitrogen‐ (N), and phosphorus‐ (P) limited growth rates. In all growth conditions investigated, the decrease in the growth rate was linked with a higher relative contribution of the G2+M phase. The other phases of the cell cycle, G1 and S, showed different patterns, depending on the type of limitation. All experiments showed a highly significant increase in the amount of biogenic silica per cell and per cell surface with decreasing growth rates. At low growth rates, the G2+M elongation allowed an increase of the silicification of the cells. This pattern could be explained by the major uptake of silicon during the G2+M phase and by the independence of this process on the requirements of the other elements. This was illustrated by the elemental ratios Si/C and Si/N that increased from 2‐ to 6‐fold, depending of the type of limitation, whereas the C/N ratio decreased by 10% (E limitation) or increased by 50% (P limitation). The variations of the ratios clearly demonstrate the uncoupling of the Si metabolism compared with the C and N metabolisms. This uncoupling enabled us to explain that in any of the growth condition investigated, the silicification of the cells increased at low growth rates, whereas carbon and nitrogen cellular content are differently regulated, depending of the growth conditions.
Reaction of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria

The aim of the study was to assess soybean response to sowing material inoculation with HiStick® Soy preparation, containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the inoculation significantly increased the number and dry weight of nodules on soybean roots compared to control. The bacterial preparation significantly increased the number of pods per plant. As a result, a significant increase in seed yield (0.58 t/ha) was obtained compared to control. HiStick® Soy increased total protein content in seeds. Protein and fat yield was higher after seed inoculation by 318 kg/ha and 101 kg/ha, respectively, compared to control.
Freshwater algae (excluding Cyanophyceae) from nine lakes and pools of Hope Bay, Antarctic Peninsula

Fortyeight freshwater algae (excluding Cyanophyceae) were identified from nine lakes and pools at Hope Bay (Antarctic Peninsula). The geographic distribution in Antarctica and the ecological characteristics of the sampling sites are given for each taxa. Sixteen of them, new records for Antarctica, are described and illustrated. Among the algal classes treated here, Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae constitute the most diverse groups. Most of the species found have been recorded from Antarctica, and many of them are widespread. Some degree of polymorphism was observed in Bacillariophyceae and Tribophyceae taxa.
Do Firm Characteristics Determine Capital Structure of Pakistan Listed Firms? A Quantile Regression Approach

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of the capital structure of firms operating in a developing economy, Pakistan. The quantile regression method is applied on a sample of 183 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period of 2008-2017. Specifically, the empirical analysis focuses on changes in the coefficients of the determinants according to the leverage ratio quantiles of the examined listed firms. The findings show that the capital structure of Pakistan listed firms differs between firms in different quantiles of leverage. These differences are significant with the sign of explanatory variables changes with the level of leverage. The research result found tangibility, profitability and age to be positively related to leverage among listed firms in Pakistan. However, size, liquidity and non-debt tax shield (NDTS) are negatively related to leverage. A firm’s growth and risk are found to be insignificant predictors of capital structure in Pakistan listed firms. Moreover, the study also found a significant impact of industry characteristic on leverage. The findings of this study indicate that an individual firm’s finance policy needs to be responsive to the firm’s characteristics and should match with the different borrowing requirements of listed firms.
Comparative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Phase III of a Tennis-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two tennis-based cardiac rehabilitation programs using two protocols: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in the body composition, physical fitness, heart rate variability, and health-related quality of life. It was performed as a single-blinded randomized controlled trial of 21 people with acute coronary syndrome. The 12-week cardiac rehabilitation program consisted of three sessions per week of 60 min with the main part consisting of 10 sets of 15 s with 15 s of active recovery at 85%–90% of their maximum heart rate or 40 min at 70%–85% of their maximum heart rate in the HIIT and the MICT groups, respectively. Results show that both cardiac rehabilitation programs improved the agility and the mental components of the health-related quality of life (p-value < 0.05). The HIIT protocol also showed a significant improvement in the flexibility of upper and lower limbs (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, significant group × time interaction was found in the handgrip strength in favor of the HIIT group (p-value = 0.035). Nevertheless, no significant effects on cardiorespiratory fitness or heart rate variability were found. Importantly, no adverse event was detected, so HIIT appears to be a safe and effective alternative for the rehabilitation of patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Eficiência dos dialelos circulantes na escolha de genitores

O objetivo foi avaliar, por simulacao de dados, a eficiencia de dialelos circulantes em relacao aos completos, nas estimativas de capacidade geral de combinacao (CGC) e capacidade especifica de combinacao (CEC). Foram simuladas 50 linhagens com 100 genes com distribuicao independente, efeitos iguais, sem epistasia. Consideraram-se herdabilidades de 10%, 20%, 50% e 75%, em modelos com interacao alelica aditiva e dominância completa. Utilizaram-se tambem dados de experimentos disponiveis na literatura, ambos comparados por meio de: correlacao entre estimativas de CGC e CEC, e proporcoes de estimativas nos circulantes que ocorreram nos intervalos de confianca dos completos. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os dialelos circulantes sao tao eficientes quanto os completos, tanto na classificacao dos pais quanto a CGC e a CEC, como na magnitude desses parâmetros, e que o numero de cruzamentos (s) afeta as estimativas de CGC e de CEC, embora com um valor pequeno de s seja possivel obter boa concordância com as estimativas obtidas nos dialelos completos; com baixa herdabilidade, e vantajoso aumentar o numero de cruzamentos de cada pai, embora com a metade do numero de pais envolvidos ja se consiga alta eficiencia dos dialelos circulantes.
Ecological stoichiometry in benthic food webs: Effect of light and nutrients on periphyton food quantity and quality in lakes

To quantify the effect of light and nutrients on periphyton food quantity and quality, a series of experiments, consisting of full light and shade treatments, was conducted in 2003 in 11 lakes differing in nutrient status and turbidity. Periphyton chlorophyll a, C : P, and benthic macroinvertebrate biomass were measured on rocks or artificial substrates (glass slides) or both. Periphyton biomass increased and periphyton C: P decreased as total phosphorus increased. Periphyton biomass and C: P were higher in light than in shade. Benthic macroinvertebrate biomass was higher with high periphyton biomass and low periphyton C : P. Both turbidity and nutrient concentrations in natural water bodies are altered by human‐driven and natural processes; therefore we expect periphyton biomass and C: P to increase in lakes as clarity increases and nutrient content decreases, resulting in high‐quantity but low‐quality benthic food.
Identification, Mapping, and Confirmation of a Soybean Gene for Bud Blight Resistance

Bud blight, caused by Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV; Genus: Nepovirus; Family: Comoviridae), can significantly reduce the seed yield and seed quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. The identification of resistance genes and the development of resistant cultivars constitute an effective strategy for preventing yield loss. The objectives of this study were to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning resistance to bud blight and validate their genomic location with two populations derived from the cross of 'Young' (resistant) x PI 416937 (susceptible). One population consisted of 116 F 4:7 lines and was used to map restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers associated with resistance to bud blight. The lines were grown in one-row plots in a randomized complete block design with two replications. The plots were naturally infected with TRSV. At maturity, soybean plots were visually scored according to the number of plants that exhibited terminal bud death. A major QTL was identified and mapped on linkage group (LG) F by the RFLP marker K644―1. It accounted for 82% of the variation in bud blight score. To verify the genomic location of the major bud blight QTL, a second population of Young x PI 416937 that consisted of 180 F 2:3 lines was evaluated. In this population, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on LG F near the putative genomic location of the bud blight QTL were utilized. The major QTL conditioning bud blight resistance was confirmed and found to be closely linked to the Satt510 marker.
Multi-Digit Number Classification using MNIST and ANN

— Modern machines have difficulty in reading the handwritten numbers, as every person's handwriting is different and unique. However, in the modern era where everyone is shifting towards digital technology. Retyping of handwritten ledgers and documents into computer systems will be a hefty process. Thanks to Artificial Intelligence computer vision techniques, that has eased the path. Thus, we have developed an Artificial Neural Network System that can read any type of handwritten number with an accuracy percentage of more than 93. Our Project consists of both research work and practical implementation. The Neural Network tests and learns with the help of MNSIT Data after the successful completion of the code we get a system that can read and process the images with an accuracy of 93% which is also supported by the graph. We have stored this system in a file and now we can use this system and with the help of some libraries like opencv, etc. We can read and save the processed output in a CSV file in just few clicks and get the data in real-time. The project is in its earlier stages. Once finalized it can help in saving a lot of Human Efforts.
Changes in wild berry picking in Finland between 1997 and 2011

Abstract This study reports on new nationwide figures related to wild berry picking in Finland during 2011. Comparisons are also made with data from 1997–1999. The materials were collected by mailed questionnaire surveys among Finnish households. The sample in 2011 consisted of 3700 households and the response rate was 51%. In 2011, 54% of all Finnish households were engaged in berry picking and the total harvest was 34.9 million kg (14 kg/household). Berries were collected mainly for household use, which accounted for 26.5 million kg. The amount of commercial picking was 8.4 million kg. The results show that annual volumes of berries picked are highly sensitive to fluctuations in biological berry crop levels. In 1997, when the berry crop was abundant, the total quantity picked was 56.5 million kg. Instead, in 1999, when the berry crop was poor, the total quantity picked decreased to 34.7 million kg. The results also indicate that, first, household demand for self-picked bilberries (Vaccinium Myrtillus L.) has shown an increasing trend and only 13% of the picked bilberries were sold in 2011. Second, one-third of all berries collected for sale were supplied to the organized wild berry industry in 2011, while the corresponding proportion was 70% in 1997–1999.
PHYTOPLANKTON LIPIDS: INTERSPECIFIC DIFFERENCES AND EFFECTS OF NITRATE, SILICATE AND LIGHT‐DARK CYCLES 1

The lipid content of various phytoplankton species was measured in response to nitrogen and silicon limitation and over the cell cycle in synchronized cultures. In a survey of 30 species it was found that during log‐phase growth, green algae contained an average of 17.1% total lipids (% of total dry weight), whereas diatoms contained an average of 24.5%. Nitrogen deprivation for 4 to 9 days resulted in 2‐ to 3‐fold increases in the lipid content of green algae, whereas both increases and decreases were noted in diatoms, depending on the species. The greatest lipid content measured in the study was 72% in Monallantus salina (strain GSB Sticho) which had been deprived of nitrogen for 9 days. Nitrate replenishment in a nitrogen starved culture of Oocystis polymorpha Groover & Bold showed that the excess cellular lipids do not rapidly disappear during recovery, until cell division occurs.
Between-habitat interactions in coastal ecosystems: current knowledge and future challenges for understanding community dynamics

: Ecological communities are rarely formed within a single habitat and tend to include multiple habitats characterized by the inﬂux and efﬂux of nutrients, detritus, prey and consumers among these habitats. Understanding these between-habitat effects on the community structure and dynamics has become important because this recognition may disprove previous ecological theories based on the processes within a single habitat. This paper reviews current knowledge of between-habitat interactions and their importance for community regulation in coastal ecosystems. First, I reviewed brieﬂy some current knowledge about between-habitat interactions in general. Second, I summarized my empirical demonstrations examining the effects of allochthonous resources from subtidal habitats on the rocky intertidal community. The food web structure of the rocky intertidal habitat revealed that allochthonous sea urchins from the subtidal habitat affected the recipient food web structure and dynamics through the recipient avian predators, although the effects were different between the avian species with different foraging responses (numerical or functional). Understanding the effects of between-habitat interactions is important for the clariﬁcation of the spatial extent of community structure and habitat connectivity in landscape level, and thus indispensable for promotion of better coastal conservation and management.
A target‐site mutation is present in a glyphosate‐resistant Lolium rigidum population

Summary Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is the only weed species to have evolved resistance to the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate in Australia. A population that had failed to be controlled by glyphosate was collected from a vineyard in the Adelaide Hills region of South Australia. Dose–response experiments on this population (SLR 77) showed that it was glyphosate resistant, with an LD50 that was 1.9–3.4 times higher than that of a susceptible population (VLR 1). The movement of radiolabelled glyphosate within SLR 77 plants showed that this population did not have the differential glyphosate translocation mechanism of resistance common to several other Australian glyphosate-resistant populations. Subsequent analysis of shikimic acid accumulation within the plant after glyphosate treatment showed that this population accumulated significantly less shikimic acid than a susceptible population, but more than a glyphosate-resistant population with the translocation mechanism, indicating the possible involvement of another mechanism of resistance. Sequencing of a portion of the SLR 77 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene was carried out and a mutation causing an amino acid change at position 106 from proline to threonine was identified. This mutation is likely to be responsible for glyphosate resistance in this population, as mutations in this position have been found to be responsible for glyphosate resistance in goosegrass (Eleusine indica) from Malaysia. This paper represents the first report of target-site glyphosate resistance in L. rigidum and provides evidence that this species has at least two mechanisms of glyphosate resistance present in Australia.
On mineral dust aerosol hygroscopicity

Abstract. Despite its importance, hygroscopicity of mineral dust aerosol remains highly uncertain. In this work, we investigated water adsorption and hygroscopicity of different mineral dust samples at 25 ∘C, via measurement of sample mass at different relative humidity (RH, up to 90 %) using a vapor sorption analyzer. Mineral dust samples examined (21 in total) included seven authentic mineral dust samples from different regions in the world and 14 major minerals contained in mineral dust aerosol. At 90 % RH, the mass ratios of adsorbed water to the dry mineral ranged from 0.0011 to 0.3080, largely depending on the BET surface areas of mineral dust samples. The fractional surface coverages of adsorbed water were determined to vary between 1.26 and 8.63 at 90 % RH, and it was found that the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) adsorption isotherm could describe surface coverages of adsorbed water as a function of RH well, with AFHH and BFHH parameters in the range of 0.15–4.39 and 1.10–1.91, respectively. The comprehensive and robust data obtained would largely improve our knowledge of hygroscopicity of mineral dust aerosol.
Gene flow as a simple cause for an excess of high‐frequency‐derived alleles

Most human populations exhibit an excess of high‐frequency variants, leading to a U‐shaped site‐frequency spectrum (uSFS). This pattern has been generally interpreted as a signature of ongoing episodes of positive selection, or as evidence for a mis‐assignment of ancestral/derived allelic states, but uSFS has also been observed in populations receiving gene flow from a ghost population, in structured populations, or after range expansions. In order to better explain the prevalence of high‐frequency variants in humans and other populations, we describe here which patterns of gene flow and population demography can lead to uSFS by using extensive coalescent simulations. We find that uSFS can often be observed in a population if gene flow brings a few ancestral alleles from a well‐differentiated population. Gene flow can either consist in single pulses of admixture or continuous immigration, but different demographic conditions are necessary to observe uSFS in these two scenarios. Indeed, an extremely low and recent gene flow is required in the case of single admixture events, while with continuous immigration, uSFS occurs only if gene flow started recently at a high rate or if it lasted for a long time at a low rate. Overall, we find that a neutral uSFS occurs under more restrictive conditions in populations having received single pulses of gene flow than in populations exposed to continuous gene flow. We also show that the uSFS observed in human populations from the 1000 Genomes Project can easily be explained by gene flow from surrounding populations without requiring past episodes of positive selection. These results imply that uSFS should be common in non‐isolated populations, such as most wild or domesticated plants and animals.