Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exact Generalized Kohn-Sham Theory for Hybrid Functionals

Hybrid functionals have proven to be of immense practical value in density functional theory calculations. While they are often thought to be a heuristic construct, it has been established that this is in fact not the case. Here, we present a rigorous and formally exact analysis of generalized Kohn-Sham (GKS) density functional theory of hybrid functionals, in which exact remainder exchange-correlation potentials combine with a fraction of Fock exchange to produce the correct ground state density. First, we extend formal GKS theory by proving a generalized adiabatic connection theorem. We then use this extension to derive two different definitions for a rigorous distinction between multiplicative exchange and correlation components - one new and one previously postulated. We examine their density-scaling behavior and discuss their similarities and differences. We then present a new algorithm for obtaining exact GKS potentials by inversion of accurate reference electron densities and employ this algorithm to obtain exact potentials for simple atoms and ions. We establish that an equivalent description of the many-electron problem is indeed obtained with any arbitrary global fraction of Fock exchange and we rationalize the Fock-fraction dependence of the computed remainder exchange-correlation potentials in terms of the new formal theory. Finally, we use the exact theoretical framework and numerical results to shed light on the exchange-correlation potential used in approximate hybrid functional calculations and to assess the consequences of different choices of fractional exchange.
Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence has the potential to help human beings maximize their time, freedom and happiness. At the same time, it can lead us to a dystopian society. Therefore, finding the right balance between technological development and protection of human rights is an urgent matter on which relies the future of the society we want to live in. "Use of Artificial Intelligence in our life is growing, currently covering a wide range of domains. Something seemingly trivial like avoiding traffic jam by use of an intelligent navigation system or getting the offers directed by a trustworthy trader is the result of data analysis that can be used by AI systems", stated Dunja Mijatović, European Council Commissioner for Human Rights.
Trial : analysis and clinical

The SYNTAX trial, presented in the congresses of the European Society of Cardiology in Munich, Germany and the European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery in Lisbon, Portugal in September 2008, is the first study to compare the clinical results of the best technology of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) using pharmacological stents (paclitaxel-eluding stent — Taxus, Boston Scientific Corp) with the best therapy currently provided by coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) in patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease and/or lesions of the left coronary artery trunk. The study, carried out in 62 European and 23 American centers and financed by the Boston Scientific Corporation, the manufacturer of the Taxus stent, at a cost of approximately 50 millions US dollars, intended to demonstrate the hypothesis that the PCI-Taxus stent was not inferior to CABG in patients with triple vessel disease and/or lesions of the left coronary artery trunk. The primary objective of the study was to analyze the compound clinical outcome constituted of death by any cause, strokes, myocardial infarction, the necessity of repeated revascularization by PCI and/or CABG (defined as MACCE Major Cardiovascular or Cerebrovascular Events) at 12 months of follow up. Two types of study were formed, the first was randomized and the other was a register. The randomized study included patients that were eligible for both types of procedure (by consensus between the heart surgeon and the hemodynamicist). On the other hand, the register included patients that were considered only eligible for one of the two treatments. A total of 3075 patients were enrolled, with 1800 presenting with the inclusion criteria for the randomized study; 897 in the CABG Group and 903 in the PCI/Taxus Arm. The other 1275 patients formed the SYNTAX register, where the criterion was that only one treatment method was possible. Thus, 1077 patients were allocated to the Surgery Group and 198 to the PCI Group. The final result of the SYNTAX trial confirmed that CABG is better than PCIs with drug-eluting stents for this population of high-risk patients. In 12 months, 17.8% of the patients in the PCI/Taxus Group presented with the compound outcome versus 12.1% of the surgical patients with a statistically significantly difference (p = 0.0015). Thus, an analysis of the SYNTAX trial is important not only because of the result but also for the implications of the findings. Initially, as it was an “all comers” type study enabling the inclusion of patients with characteristics closer to the real world population, instead of being a classical controlled randomized study with many exclusion criteria, it reflected the current clinical practice.
ECOTOURISM: UNDERSTANDING THE COMPETING EXPERT AND ACADEMIC DEFINITIONS

Ecotourism has become an attractive tourism-related activity for communities and conservationists across Canada. It provides an alternative source of income for communities, thereby diversifying their economies. It appeals to conservationists because it entails fewer cultural and environmental disruptions than other forms of tourism (such as adventure tourism, mass tourism, and nature tourism). Despite the increased focus on ecotourism, there is considerable debate about its definition. In this report we present and explore the competing definitions of this term, and introduce a working definition of ecotourism. We then examine ecotourism as a product and market segment and review the ecotourism market and profile. Finally, we examine applications and practices of ecotourism, with an emphasis on Canadian ecotourism studies.
Natural enemies of oleander aphid, Aphis nerii B. de F. (Hom., Aphididae), effective factors in attraction of coccinellids and population fluctuation of oleander aphid in Shiraz and Ahvaz (Iran)

During Mar. 2001 to Aug. 2013, Aphis nerii B. de F. and its natural enemies were studied in Shiraz and Ahvaz. At Shiraz condition, the aphid fed and produced generations on Nerium oleander whole the year but in Ahvaz when the temperature reached to 3840 C, they disappeared. It's probable that A. nerii migrates to the cold valleys of mountainous areas in the north of Ahvaz. Altogether, 4 groups of natural enemies were collected and identified. They include 15 species of Coccinellidae, 5 species of Syrphidae, one species of Chrysopidae and one species of Braconidae. Studding on different factors that seem to be affected in attraction of four aphidophagous coccinellids Coccinella septempunctata, Hippodamia variegata, Exochomus nigromaculatus and Ex. nigripennis showed that neither honeydew nor leaf and Distillate of plant are sufficient for attraction of coccinellids. Thus In addition, the presence of oleander aphid colonies, complexes of factors are necessary to attract the coccinellids.
Estrus, Fertility and Prolificacy in Wool Sheep Treated With Melengestrol Acetate on the Reproductive and Non-Reproductive Period

Background: In Mexico, wool ewes show a decrease in ovarian activity from March to June, this represents an area of opportunity to increase reproductive indicators through the implementation of safe hormonal protocols such as melengestrol acetate. The main objective of the work´s was to evaluate estrus, fertility and prolificacy in the non-reproductive and reproductive periods in wool ewes treated with a 0.22 mg of melengestrol acetate dose. Material and Methods: 10 Suffolk-Hampshire ewes were used, non-pregnant and with ovarian activity. In the reproductive period, the ewes had a body condition score of 3.1 ± 0.3 points (on a scale of 1 to 5), live weight of 65.6 ± 11.3 kg and an age of 1.6 ± 3.2 years. In the non-reproductive period, they had a body condition score of 3.3 ± 0.2 points (on a scale of 1 to 5), live weight of 66.5 ± 9.4 and 4.0 ± 1.6 age years. The treatment in both periods consisted in oral administration of 0.22 mg/ewe/day of MGA during 17 days. After the treatment was suspended, the ram was introduced and estrus were detected for 10 days. Pregnancy diagnosis were made 45 days post mating. Results: In the reproductive period 90% of ewes presented estrus and in the non-reproductive period 100%, the percentage of fertility was 80 and 100% respectively and prolificity was 1.3 and 1.0 lambs born per ewe respectively. Conclusion: The administration of 0.22 mg of MGA/ewe/day for 17 days is efficient in estrus synchronization, obtaining a high fertility rate and prolificacy in the reproductive and non-reproductive period.
Gender Bias in Availability of School Education in Villages - A Study of Kalisindh Thermal Power Project

Education is fundamental right of every individual irrespective of their gender. Education is imperative to achieve success in life. Therefore school education is prime and essential for both male or female. Education influences social life of male or female both. Kalisindh Thermal Power Project is constructed near village Undal in State Rajasthan. For construction of this project apart from Government revenue land, land of villages Devri, Motipura, Nimoda, Singhania and Undal were also acquired. This study is focused to study effect of gender on school education available for villagers’ living in vicinity of Kalisindh Thermal Power Project. A survey of villagers living in villages Devri, Motipura, Nimoda, Singhania and Undal has been carried out. Required information has been gathered by filling a structured questionnaire during survey. Convenience and judgemental sampling method are used for selection of sample. Frequency, percentage, simple arithmetic mean and ANOVA are the statistical tools used for the analysis. The study revealed that available education facilities in villages are independent of gender.
Fourier Based Pre-Processing For Seeing Through Water

Consider a scene submerged underneath a fluctuating water surface. Images of such a scene, when acquired from a camera in the air, exhibit significant spatial distortions. In this paper, we present a novel, computationally efficient pre-processing algorithm to correct a significant amount (≈ 50%) of apparent distortion present in video sequences of such a scene. We demonstrate that when the partially restored video output from this stage is given as input to other methods, it significantly improves their performance. This algorithm involves (i) tracking a small number N of salient feature points across the T frames to yield point-trajectories $\left\{ {{{\mathbf{q}}_i} \triangleq \left\{ {\left( {{x_{it}},{y_{it}}} \right)} \right\}_{t = 1}^T} \right\}_{i = 1}^N,$ and (ii) using the point-trajectories to infer the deformations at other nontracked points in every frame. A Fourier decomposition of the N trajectories, followed by a novel Fourier phaseinterpolation step, is used to infer deformations at all other points. Our method exploits the inherent spatio-temporal characteristics of the fluctuating water surface to correct non-rigid deformations to a very large extent.The source codedatasets and supplemental material can be accessed at [1], [2].
Corruption and Retrospective Democratic Accountability

Many theories of democracy stress the concept of accountability. Voters reward or punish elected officials by extending or ending their political careers. This retrospective principal/agent relationship is supposed to induce good behavior on the part of elected officials. Seeking the long-term reward of reelection, officials avoid the short-term benefits of corruption that would put them at risk of early electoral defeat. However, if voters frequently change their allegiances, making political careers typically short, incentives to refrain from malfeasance are reduced and accountability undermined. This suggests that punishing politicians perceived to be corrupt may not diminish future malfeasance. To test this possibility, we employ a bivariate normal model to assess the reciprocal effects of electoral volatility on corruption and, conversely, corruption on electoral volatility. We test the hypothesized relationship on data drawn from 249 elections across 74 countries. Our results show that corruption does indeed provoke electoral volatility but that volatility has no discernible impact on malfeasance – or on virtuous behavior, for that matter.1 We would like to thank Benjamin Bricker, Adriana Crespo Tenorio, Jeff Gill, Nate Jensen, Andrew Martin, James Monogan, Jacob Montgomery, Guillermo Rosas, and Margit Tavits for helpful comments on previous drafts of this paper. We also thank John Golightly for his assistance with data collection.
Can a CNN Automatically Learn the Significance of Minutiae Points for Fingerprint Matching?

Most automated fingerprint recognition systems use minutiae points for comparing fingerprints. In the parlance of Computer Vision, minutiae can be viewed as handcrafted features, i.e., features that have been proposed by human experts for the task of fingerprint recognition. In this work, we raise the following question: Can a machine learning system automatically determine the significance of minutiae points for fingerprint matching? To this effect, a patch-based Siamese Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which does not explicitly rely on the extraction of minutiae points, is designed and trained from scratch. The purpose of this network is to learn the most effective features for matching fingerprint images. The features learned by this network are analyzed using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to determine if they correlate with the locations of minutiae points. Our experiments suggest that the proposed network automatically learns to focus on minutiae points, when available, for fingerprint matching. Thus, an automated learner without any explicit domain knowledge establishes the significance of minutiae points for fingerprint matching.
Silver-Russell Syndrome & Small for Gestational Age : Long-term health perspectives

markdownabstractFor over 25 years, our research group and others have been investigating children born small for gestational age (SGA) with persistent short stature, and the efficacy and safety of biosynthetic growth hormone treatment (GH) in these children. One of the causes of short SGA is Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). This doctoral thesis presents the response to, and safety of GH treatment, and describes pubertal progression and metabolic health in patients with SRS. Because being born with a lower birth weight leads to an increased risk for age-associated diseases, health in later life has been a concern in patients born SGA. In the second part of this thesis, we present data on parameters associated with health in later life, such as telomere length and bone mineral density, and the effects of GH treatment on these parameters.
Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: twenty-second informational supplement;[... provides updated tables for... M02-A11 and M07-A9].

The supplemental information presented in this document is intended for use with the antimicrobial susceptibility testing procedures published in the following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)–approved standards: M02-A11—Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard—Eleventh Edition; and M07-A9—Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard—Ninth Edition. The standards contain information about both disk (M02) and dilution (M07) test procedures for aerobic bacteria. Clinicians depend heavily on information from the clinical microbiology laboratory for treatment of their seriously ill patients. The clinical importance of antimicrobial susceptibility test results requires that these tests be performed under optimal conditions and that laboratories have the capability to provide results for the newest antimicrobial agents. The tabular information presented here represents the most current information for drug selection, interpretation, and quality control using the procedures standardized in the most current editions of M02, M07, and M11. Users should replace the tables published earlier with these new tables. (Changes in the tables since the most current edition appear in boldface type.) Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Second Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S22 (ISBN 1-56238-785-5 [Print]; ISBN 1-56238-786-3 [Electronic]). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087 USA, 2012. The data in the interpretive tables in this supplement are valid only if the methodologies in M02-A11—Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard—Eleventh Edition; and M07-A9— Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard—Ninth Edition are followed. January 2012 M100-S22
Hepatobiliary scanning standards fail to identify symptomatic patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis

Background: Patients with chronic biliary colic-like pain and normal transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS) typically undergo nuclear hepatobiliary imaging (HIDA) with cholecystokinin (CCK) injection and gall bladder ejection fraction (EF) calculation to identify gallbladder dyskinesia. Most literature suggests EF£35% indicates biliarydyskinesia. We hypothesize that presence of chronic biliary colic-like symptoms predicts favorable outcome after cholecystectomy (CCY) in patients with normal hepatobiliary imaging.Methods: A retrospective review of 1295 patients who underwent laparoscopic CCY from January 2006 to December 2010 in a tertiary care institution was completed. Patients with gallstones on TUS or diagnostically abnormal HIDA scans were excluded. Symptom reproduction upon CCK injection was not considered for inclusion criteria but was noted upon chart review. Patient outcome, favorable or unfavorable, was determined from postoperative follow-up.Results: One hundred and six patients (8.19%) with normal TUS and HIDA scans were included in the final analysis. Ninety-six patients (90.6%) reported a favorable outcome (i.e., significant improvement or complete resolution of their symptoms) on follow-up. Ninety-three patients with favorable outcomes and six patients with unfavorable outcomes presented with an initial complaint of right upper quadrant (RUQ) and/or epigastric pain (p=0.001, sensitivity=95.9%, PPV=93.9%). Sixty-eight patients with favorable outcomes and one patient with an unfavorable outcome presented with an initial complaint of postprandial RUQ and/or epigastric pain (p<0.001, specificity=90.0%, PPV=98.6%). Conclusion: Hepatobiliary imaging fails to identify all patients suffering from chronic acalculous cholecystitis. Presence of chronic biliary colic-like symptoms predicts benefit from CCY.
Passage of Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher Rhinomyias brunneatus through Singapore, with notes on wintering status in South-East Asia

The winter distribution and ecology of migratory East Asian passerines remains poorly studied, despite increasing habitat loss across their breeding, stopover and wintering areas. The Vulnerable Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher Rhinomyias brunneatus breeds in south-central China and is a long-distance migrant to South-East Asia where the wintering range is poorly known. Using data from line transects, we estimated passage densities of 52-102 individuals/km2 in Singapore in mid-October 2012, when passage appears to peak. Assuming the lower bound estimate, some 5% of the estimated global population may transit Singapore during the stopover period, highlighting the relative importance of Singapore's remaining forests for the species. Nearly all winter records were from forest habitats while stopover records occurred in a wider range of habitat types. We also identified new records of the species from Sumatra and predict that the core wintering range may lie in the lowland forests of Sumatra. Midwinter surveys in Sumatra to identify key wintering sites, and long-term sampling in China sites in the breeding season to monitor population stability, are recommended. The uncertainty about the status of the Brown-chested Jungle Flycatcher in the wintering range is symptomatic of the limited knowledge of many long-distance, migratory passerines in the eastern Palearctic and may hinder their effective conservation.
Watch to Listen Clearly: Visual Speech Enhancement Driven Multi-modality Speech Recognition

Multi-modality (talking face video and audio) information helps improve speech recognition performance compared to the single modality. In noisy environments, the effect of audio modality is weakened, which further affects the performance of multi-modality speech recognition (MSR). Most of the MSR methods use noisy audio signal as input of the audio modality without any enhancement (filtering the noisy components in the audio signal). In this paper, we propose an audio-enhanced multi-modality speech recognition model. In particular, the proposed model consists of two sub-networks, one is the visual speech enhancement (VE) sub-network and the other is the multi-modality speech recognition (MSR) sub-network. The VE sub-network is able to separate a speaker’s voice from background noises when given the corresponding talking face to enhance audio modality. Then the audio modality together with video modality are fed into the MSR sub-network to produce characters. We introduce a pseudo-3D residual network (P3D)based visual front-end to extract more advantageous visual features. The MSR sub-network is built on top of the Element-wise-Attention Gated Recurrent Unit (EleAttGRU) architecture which is more effective than Transformer in long sequences. We demonstrate the effectiveness of audio enhancement for MSR by extensive experiments. The proposed method surpasses the state-of-the-art MSR models on the LRS3-TED dataset and the LRW dataset.