Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening for Drought Resistance of Rice Recombinant Inbred Populations in the Field

In a 2-year experiment, 187 genotypes were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions, imposed at panicle initiation stage. The relationship of genotypic variation in yield under drought conditions to potential yield, heading date and flowering delay, reduction in plant height, and to a drought response index (DRI) was detected. Grain yield under drought stress conditions was associated with yield under well-watered conditions (r = 0.47**, and r = 0.61** during 2 years of tests). The delay of heading date ranged from –1 (no delay) to 24 days, and was negatively associated with grain yield (r = –0.40*), spikelet fertility percentage (r = –0.40**), harvest index (r = –0.58**), but positively associated with yield reduction percentage (r = 0.60**). The reduction in plant height was negatively associated with grain yield (r = –0.24**, and r = –0.29**), spikelet fertility percentage (r = –0.23**, and r = –0.21*), harvest index (r = –0.37**, and r = –0.54**), and positively associated with yield reduction percentage (r = 0.58**, and r = 0.58**) in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The DRI of genotypes was strongly associated with grain yield (r = 0.87**, and r = 0.77**), fertility percentage (r = 0.66** and r = 0.54**), harvest index (r = 0.67** and r = 0.61**), and negatively associated with grain reduction percentage (r = –0.70**, and r = –0.73**) under drought stress. The results indicate that genotypes with drought resistance can be identified by measuring yield potential, delay in flowering, reduction in plant height, or DRI under test environments of well-watered and drought stress.
Influence of Stereochemistry on Activity and Binding Modes for C2 Symmetry-Based Diol Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease

The incorporation of C 2 symmetry has become a useful paradigm in the design of active site inhibitors for HIV-1 protease (HIV PR) and has led to the design of a series of highly potent, C 2 symmetry-based, diol-containing inhibitors of HIV PR, one of which, A-77003, has reached clinical trials. However, the stereochemistry of the diol core influences protease inhibition and antiviral activity in a manner that is not well understood. We analyzed the crystal structures of a diastereomeric series of C 2 symmetry-based diol inhibitors, along with a deshydroxy analogue, bound to HIV PR and found that the stereochemistry of the diol core influences the mode of binding to the active site aspartic acids
Introduction de cultivars de jujubier (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) en zone sahélienne du Burkina Faso

Introduction . La zone sahelienne se caracterise par des secheresses recurrentes, une degradation accrue des sols, des rendements agricoles faibles et des periodes de famines frequentes. Il serait des lors necessaire d’introduire des cultures moins tributaires de la pluviometrie et pouvant participer a l’autosuffisance alimentaire. Dans ce contexte, nous avons teste la culture de cultivars ameliores de jujubier (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) au nord du Burkina Faso. Materiel et methodes . Cinq cultivars domestiques de jujubier d’origine israelienne (cultivar Ben Gurion), ou indienne (Gola, Kaithali, Seb et Umran) ont ete plantes en station de recherche a partir de jeunes plants greffes (environ 500 plants·ha–1 ) ; ils ont ete irrigues soit manuellement par une technique traditionnelle, soit par un systeme de goutte-a-goutte. Le poids et la dimension des fruits (longueur et largeur) recoltes apres 2 et 3 ans de plantation ont ete etudies. Resultats . La production fruitiere des cultivars en deuxieme et troisieme annees, tous cultivars confondus, a donne respectivement 0,48 t·ha–1 et 3,54 t·ha–1 avec une production moyenne de (0,97 et 7,08) kg par an et par pied. Les cultivars, Ben Gurion, Gola et Seb ont produit environ 500 fruits par pied, Umran, 300 fruits par pied, et Kaithali, 200 fruits par pied. Le cultivar Ben Gurion a presente le poids moyen de fruit le plus eleve (15 g) et Kaithali, le poids le plus faible (6 g). Les cultivars les plus productifs se sont reveles etre Ben Gurion et Gola qui, avec le cultivar Umran, ont donne les plus gros fruits. Discussion et conclusion . Les recoltes observees pour les plants de 2 et 3 ans pourrait faire esperer, par extrapolation, un rendement de pres de 13 t·ha–1 en neuvieme annee. Ces premiers resultats obtenus dans une region peu propice a la production agricole permettent d’envisager la possibilite d’un developpement de la culture du jujubier en zone sahelienne, pouvant deboucher a terme sur une source de revenus substantiels pour les populations locales.
A3 adenosine receptors: Protective vs. damaging effects identified using novel agonists and antagonists

Investigation of the physiologic role of the A3 adenosine receptor has been facilitated by the availability of selective agonists and antagonists. Selective agonists include IB‐MECA and the 2‐chloro derivative Cl‐IB‐MECA. Selective antagonists have been identified and designed with the aid of molecular modeling among various nonpurine classes of heterocycles: flavonoids, 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives, triazoloquinazolines, isoquinolines, and a triazolonaphthyridine. The dihydropyridine 3‐ethyl 5‐benzyl? 2‐methyl‐6‐phenyl‐4‐phenylethynyl‐1,4‐(±)‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate (MRS 1191) is 1,300‐fold selective for human A3 (Ki of 31 nM) vs. A1/A2A adenosine receptors and also 28‐fold A3 selective in rat tissue (Ki of 1.42 μM). 9‐Chloro‐2‐(2‐furyl)‐5‐phenylacetylamino[1,2,4]‐triazolo[1,5‐c]quinazoline (MRS 1220) is useful as an A3 selective antagonist only in human tissue, with a Ki value of 0.65 nM. The pyridine derivative 5‐propyl 2‐ethyl‐4‐propyl‐3‐(ethylsulfanylcarbonyl)‐6‐phenylpyridine‐5‐carboxylate (MRS 1523) is a selective antagonist of both rat and human A3 receptors, with Ki values of 113 and 19 nM, respectively. Paradoxical effects of A3 agonists in the brain, heart and other tissues indicate that acute activation of A3 receptors at greater than 10 μM concentrations acts as a lethal input to cells, whereas low, nanomolar concentrations of A3 receptor agonists protect against apoptosis or ischemic damage. Adenosine A3 receptor agonists, antagonists, or both, may be useful in treating inflammatory conditions. Drug Dev. Res. 45:113–124, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global public health emergency. Despite being caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), besides the lung, this infectious disease also has severe implications in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we summarize diverse clinical complications of the heart and vascular system, as well as the relevant high mortality, in COVID-19 patients. Systemic inflammation and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-involved signaling networking in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cardiovascular system may contribute to the manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, integration of clinical observations and experimental findings can promote our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, which would aid in identifying and treating cardiovascular injury in patients with COVID-19 appropriately.
Domestic animal genetic resources in Spain: present status and traditional management systems.

Los recursos genéticos de los animales domésticos españoles y los sistemas de explotación tradicionales se distribuyen en función de dos grandes áreas: la España húmeda del noroeste de la península Ibérica y la España seca del sur-este, describiéndose las principales características de estos sistemas. En el presente trabajo se hace una semblanza general de los recursos existentes (134 razas) por especies y su situación actual. Se concluye con una presentación de las medidas aplicadas para asegurar la supervivencia de estos recursos así como de la repercusión que éstos tienen en las líneas prioritarias de investigación y desarrollo en España para los años 2000-2003.
GnRH injection before artificial insemination (AI) alters follicle dynamics in Iranian Holstein cows

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ovarian response of cows to gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) injection on day 6 of the estrous cycle. The estrous cycles of 10 cows were synchronized with 2 intramuscular (im) injections of prostaglandin F2  given 11 d apart. The cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments. Cows in the control treatment received no treatment, whereas GnRH6 cows received a GnRH injection on d 6 of the estrous cycle (estrus = d 0). Daily, from estrus d 0 to the next estrus d 23, cows had their ovaries scanned by ultrasound. Profiles of the mean number of follicles (that is, 4 - 6 mm and 7 mm) and the diameter of the largest follicle (F1) were compared by least squares analysis of variance using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS. In response to an injection of GnRH, the number of small follicles in group GnRH6 on day 6 (1.5 ± 0.6 follicles) increased (P  0.05) on day 8 (5.0 ± 0.7 follicles) and the number of medium and large follicles ( 7 mm) on day 6 (2.0 ± 0.5 follicle) decreased (P  0.05) on day 9 (0.8 ± 0.6 follicles). In conclusion, an injection of GnRH on day 6 of the estrous cycle could promote the emergence of a new follicular wave in cows.
Skeletal muscle autophagy and mitophagy in response to high-fat feeding and endurance training

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.vi LIST OF FIGURES.ix LIST OF TABLES.xvi ATTRIBUTION.xvii CHAPTER I: INTROUDCTION.1 References.4 CHAPTER II: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE.10 References.81 CHAPTER III: SPECIFIC AIMS.109 CHAPTER IV: The effect of a 5-day high-fat diet on skeletal muscle autophagy and mitophagy . 111 Abstract.111. 111 vi
Correlation between some indicators of broiler carcass fat.

Fifty-two (26 males and 26 females) week old broilers were examined for carcass fat characteristic. The phenotypic correlation coefficients between abdominal fat and other traits were: 0.65 - left external sartorial; 0.51 - right external sartorial fat; 0.65 - total external sartorial fat; 0.51 - left internal sartorial fat; 0.46 total internal sartorial fat; 0.66 - total left sartorial fat; 0.49 - total right sartorial fat; 0.63 - total sartorial fat; 0.37 - back skin pinch thickness (under wings).
Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Six Green Algae from Tanzania

The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of six marine green algae from Tanzania was screened against three bacterial species Viz.; Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Escherichia coli (EC), and a yeast, Candida albicans (CA) using a disk assay method. A brine shrimp bioassay using newly hatched Artemia salina larvae was used for cytotoxicity studies of extracts from three algal species. Of the six species tested, Valonia aegrophila extract was most active against all the tested organisms, and its extract was even more active against CA, SA and EC than Penicillin G at a concentration of 2.5 flg hole-I. The extracts of Halimeda opuntia and H. tuna showed mild activity against all organisms. The extract of Ulva pertusa was more active against SA and BS but less active against EC and was not active against CA. The extract of Caulerpa mexicana was inactive against all the tested organisms. Occasional development of antimicrobial resistance colonies within the inhibition zones were seen in H. opuntia and H. tuna extracts when they were assayed against CA and EC. After 24 months storage, the extract of Valonia aegrophila exhibited halved antifungal activity and a slight decrease against EC, but increased activity against SA and BS. The crude extract of U. pertusa had lethal effects and killed 50% of the shrimp larvae when LC50 was 116 µg ml -1 , whereas extracts of Call1erpa raccl1losa and Valoniaa aegrophila LC50 occurred far above 1000 µg ml 1
Supplementary heat requirements when brooding tom turkey poults

In this study, the supplementary heat required when brooding turkey poults in winter and summer in the Kahramanmaras region of Turkey was determined using a heat and humidity balance method for a naturally ventilated house with a capacity of 6500 tom turkey poults. In the calculation of heat and humidity balance, temperature values, sensible heat and moisture production of tom turkey poults were taken from the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) standards for corresponding turkey poult weights, and outside long term (1980 - 2005) monthly average temperatures were obtained from a local climate station. The coldest and warmest crucial months were determined as January (6.5 °C) and August (29.2 °C), respectively. When brooding was initiated in the first week of January, supplementary heat was needed for the subsequent five weeks, being 32937, 27028, 21721, 9476 and 5400 W per week, respectively. When brooding started in the first week of August, poults needed only 5544 W supplementary heat. However, tom turkey poults would nevertheless benefit from supplementary heat during this period because they are not yet fully feathered and the digestive system has not yet fully developed.
Not so soft? Delayed release reduces long-term survival in a passerine reintroduction

Abstract Reintroduction success depends in part on the release strategy used. Benefits are attributed to particular release strategies but few studies have tested these assumptions. We examined the effect of delayed release (a form of so-called soft release) on the survival of a threatened passerine, the New Zealand hihi Notiomystis cincta, for up to 7 months after translocation. Birds were captured at the source site and then held in captivity for disease screening. They were then taken to the release site, where 30 were released immediately and 28 were held for a further 2–4 days in an on-site aviary. Twenty-four birds were fitted with radio-transmitters. A 1,300 ha area around the release site was searched fortnightly, and survival was analysed using a multi-state model that accounted for the effect of transmitters on detection probability. Our results indicated that delayed release had a negative effect on long-term survival, but no effect was apparent in the first 6 weeks. Survival probability from 6 weeks to 7 months post-release was 0.77 ± SE 0.20 for immediate-release birds and 0.04 ± SE 0.06 for delayed-release birds. Our results suggest that there is a misconception about the benefits of delayed-release strategies during translocation of wild animals. Studies that have demonstrated a benefit of delayed release in other bird species used captive-bred individuals, and we suggest that wild individuals perceive captivity differently. We recommend that biological context is considered before delayed release is used in translocations.
Host-Plants, Symptoms of Infestation and Certain Characteristics of Empoasca Spp. (Jassidae) in the Cairo Area, U. A. R.

Zusammenfassung Vier Empoasca-Arten (1. Empoasca decipiens Paoli, 2. E. lybica de Berg, 3. E. [= Asymmetrasca] decedens Paoli und 4. E. distinguenda Paoli) wurden auf einer Anzahl verschiedener Wirtspflanzen in der Nahe von Kairo sudlich des Nil-Deltas festgestellt. In einer Zusammenstellung werden die primaren und sekundaren Wirtspflanzen — nach Pflanzenfamilien geordnet — genannt. Auserdem sind in einer separaten Tabelle die Hauptwirtspflanzen mit den dominanten Arten von Empoasca zusammengestellt. Die Symptome der Empoasca-Infektion auf Gossypium spp. und auf den anderen als Wirte gefundenen Pflanzen, namlich Ricinus communis, Cucurbita pepo, Helianthus annuus, Prunus persica, Vicia fabae, Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum, Vitis vinifera und Capsicum frutescens, werden beschrieben und illustriert. Es folgen einige Beobachtungen uber den Ort der Eiablage auf Baumwollblattern, den Mechanismus der Hautung beim letzten Larvenstadium und den Kopulationsprozes.
Twittering Tennessee: Distributed networks and collaboration following a technological disaster

Informal communication channels are often the primary means by which time-sensitive hazard information first reaches members of the public. The capacity for informal communications has been recently transformed by the widespread adoption of social media technologies, such as the micro-blogging service Twitter, which allows individuals to interact with a broad audience over great distances. During a disaster or crisis event, this networked communication mechanism provides a means to communicate information and facilitate collaboration both locally and among distributed networks. This paper examines the use of Twitter following a technological disaster, showing how geographically dispersed individuals broadcast information about the impact of the disaster and its long-term effects, in contrast with the dearth of participation among public officials and industry representatives. Non-local users challenged authoritative accounts of the disaster and corrected misinformation. Conclusions are provided for policy makers and suggestions are offered for further research.
Polyion complex micelles with gradient pH-sensitivity for adjustable intracellular drug delivery

A series of poly(amino acid)-containing copolymers with gradient pH-sensitive side groups were synthesized through ring-opening reaction of succinic anhydride (SA), cis-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride (CDA), cis-aconitic anhydride (CA), and dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA) initiated by the amino groups in methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine). Subsequently, four pH-responsive polyion complex (PIC) micelles (denoted as SAD, CDAD, CAD and DMMAD) were prepared through the electrostatic interaction between pH-responsive negatively charged copolymers and positively charged doxorubicin for adjustable intracellular drug delivery. Due to the differences among the acid-sensitive side amide bonds, these micelles were proved to have gradient pH-sensitivity in the following order: SAD < CDAD < CAD < DMMAD. The in vitro drug release rate was consistent with the sensitivity order of the micelles. The intracellular DOX release behaviors and cytotoxicities of the PIC micelles could also be adjusted by the sensitivities of copolymers. All these different characters among the PIC micelles would be further applied for “on demand” intracellular targeting chemotherapy in clinics.
Cuphea a rich source of medium chain triglycerides: fatty acid composition and oil diversity in Cuphea procumbens.

The phenological characteristics, oil content, and fatty acid composition of 34 selections of Cuphea procumbens have been studied. The mean seed yield per plant was 9.7 ± 0.43 g. Maximum seed yield (16.7 g) was noticed in NBC-27, while the average number of fruits per plant was 124.9 ± 10.7. The oil content in the seeds ranged from 16.7—28.7%, maximum being in NBC-34. The fatty acid composition revealed the presence of capric acid (C10:0) in all the selections of C. procumbens as the major constituent of the oil ranging from 87.7—94.6%. C. procumbens showed its novelty as an alternative source of capric acid and may be utilized as a renewable resource in the production of plasticizers and lubricants which wholly depend on petrochemical import. Researches are in progress in order to obtain tolerant cultivars against wild plant characteristics and some delayed seed shattering plants have been identified.
Human-centered sensing for crisis response and management analysis campaigns

Human-centered sensing (HCS) is an emerging research field that leverages mobile devices carried by people to collect useful information in support of myriad analytic activities. In this paper, we explore ways in which HCS can be applied to support a variety of analytic campaigns in the context of crisis response and management (CRM). We first summarize the concept of HCS and then investigate the potential advantages of complementing traditional sensing platforms and analytic tasks with an HCS system. By recognizing the potentials of HCS, we offer a scheme for classifying HCS systems and envision three application scenarios of HCS in CRM as well as a general architecture of HCS systems.
Source–sink dynamics: how sinks affect demography of sources

Models of source–sink population dynamics have to make assumptions about whether, and eventually how, demographic parameters in source habitats are dependent on the demography in sink habitats. However, the empirical basis for making such assumptions has been weak. Here we report a study on experimental root vole populations, where estimates of demographic parameters were contrasted between source patches in source–sink (treatment) and source–source systems (control). In the presence of a sink patch (simulated by a pulsed removal of immigrants), source-patch populations failed to increase over the breeding season, mainly due to a high spatially density-dependent dispersal rate from source to sink patches. The per capita recruitment rate was almost two times higher in source–sink than in the source–source systems, but this did not compensate for the loss rate due to dispersal from source to sink patches. Sex ratio in the source–sink systems became less female biased, probably as a result of an enhanced frequency of dispersal movements in females. Good knowledge of the degree of density-and habitat-dependent dispersal is critical for predicting the dynamics of source–sink populations.
The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition, cell biology and ecology

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