Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GRIP: A Graph Neural Network Accelerator Architecture

We present GRIP, a graph neural network accelerator architecture designed for low-latency inference. Accelerating GNNs is challenging because they combine two distinct types of computation: arithmetic-intensive <italic>vertex-centric</italic> operations and memory-intensive <italic>edge-centric</italic> operations. GRIP splits GNN inference into a three edge- and vertex-centric execution phases that can be implemented in hardware. GRIP specializes each unit for the unique computational structure found in each phase. For vertex-centric phases, GRIP uses a high performance matrix multiply engine coupled with a dedicated memory subsystem for weights to improve reuse. For edge-centric phases, GRIP use multiple parallel prefetch and reduction engines to alleviate the irregularity in memory accesses. Finally, GRIP supports several GNN optimizations, including an optimization called vertex-tiling that increases the reuse of weight data. We evaluate GRIP by performing synthesis and place and route for a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$28 \;\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}$</tex-math><alternatives> <mml:math> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>28</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="0.277778em"/> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="kiningham-ieq1-3197083.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> implementation capable of executing inference for several widely-used GNN models (GCN, GraphSAGE, G-GCN, and GIN). Across several benchmark graphs, it reduces 99th percentile latency by a geometric mean of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$17\times$</tex-math><alternatives> <mml:math> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>17</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="kiningham-ieq2-3197083.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$23\times$</tex-math><alternatives> <mml:math> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>23</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="kiningham-ieq3-3197083.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> compared to a CPU and GPU baseline, respectively, while drawing only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5 \;\mathrm{W}$</tex-math><alternatives> <mml:math> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="0.277778em"/> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">W</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="kiningham-ieq4-3197083.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.
Transmission characteristics and some other properties of bean yellow vein-banding virus, and its association with pea enation

SUMMARY Bean yellow vein-banding virus (BYVBV) has been found occasionally in mixed infection with pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) in spring-sown field beans (Vicia faba minor) in southern England. Glasshouse tests confirmed that, like PEMV, BYVBV is transmissible by manual inoculation and by aphids in the persistent manner. However, BYVBV can be transmitted by aphids only from plants that are also infected with a helper virus, usually PEMV. Thus after separation from PEMV by passage through Phaseolus vulgaris it was no longer aphid-transmissible. It became aphid-transmissible again only after re-mixing in plants with PEMV or with a substitute helper, bean leaf roll virus (BLRV). It was not transmitted by aphids that fed sequentially on plants singly infected with PEMV and BYVBV. Thus the interaction between BYVBV and PEMV (or BLRV) that enables BYVBV to be transmitted by aphids seems to occur only in doubly infected plants. However, it was not transmitted by aphids from plants doubly infected with BYVBV and broad bean wilt virus (BBWV). BYVBV and PEMV were transmitted more readily by Acyrthosiphon pisum than by Myzus persicae; neither virus was transmitted by Aphis fabae. Phenol extracts of BYVBV-infected leaves were more infective than phosphate buffer or bentonite-clarified extracts and were sometimes infective when diluted to 1/1000. The infectivity of BYVBV in phosphate buffer extracts of leaves singly infected with BYVBV, unlike that in extracts of leaves doubly infected with BYVBV and PEMV (or BLRV), was destroyed by treatment with organic solvents. BYVBV infected 11 of 28 plant species that were inoculated with phenol extracts; seven of the infected species were legumes. No transmission of BYVBV was detected through seed harvested from infected field bean plants. Isometric particles c. 30 nm in diameter were seen in extracts of plants doubly infected with BYVBV and PEMV but not in extracts of plants infected with BYVBV alone. Leaves of plants infected with BYVBV, alone or with PEMV, contained membrane-bound structures c. 50–90 nm in diameter associated with the tonoplast in cell vacuoles. These structures were not found in healthy leaves. BYVBV has several properties in common with other known aphid-borne viruses that are helper-dependent and transmitted in a persistent manner. Possibly, as suggested for some of them, aphid transmission of BYVBV depends on the coating of its nucleic acid with helper virus coat protein.
Les interruptions volontaires de grossesse en 2008 et 2009

Un peu plus de 222 000 interruptions volontaires de grossesse (IVG) ont ete realisees en France en 2008 ainsi qu'en 2009. Le nombre des IVG, qui avait amorce une legere baisse en 2007 et en 2008, s'est stabilise en 2009.
Pollen Tube Guidance by the Pistil of a Solanaceous Plant

The guidance of pollen tubes into the stigma, through the style and within the ovary of solanaceous plants is examined. New data based on time-lapse video microscopy of pollen on Nicotiana alata stigmas and in culture, as well as style squashes and pollinations with pollen bearing the marker gene Gus, are presented. The initial guidance of pollen tubes as they emerge from grains on the stigma is probably by a gradient in the concentration of water in the immediate environment of the pollen grain. At later stages of growth on the stigma, the probability that tube tips will encounter an opening is high because of the tendency of tubes to maintain contact with the surface. Styles support pollen tube growth either towards or away from the ovary, suggesting that they have no constitutive directionality. Guidance within solid transmitting tracts is probably by default, i.e. the architecture of the tissue means that pollen tubes can only grow in the intercellular spaces between the parallel files of cells. Pollen tubes within the ovary of N. alata do not appear to be precisely guided to the nearest ovule, and further, quantitative studies of growth in this region are needed. (() 2000 Annals of Botany Company
Effects of FGA sponge and Ovsynch based protocols on reproductive performance of fat-tailed ewes during the breeding season.

Summary The effects of different synchronisation prototocols on the reproductive parameters of fat-tailed ewes during the breeding season were studied herein. Seventy-one multiparous fat-tailed ewes were randomly divided into four treatment groups, as follows; Group 1 (long-term FGA): for a total of 20 ewes, 20 mg FGA sponges inserted intravaginally for 14 d, plus an i.m. injection of 400 IU PMSG upon the sponge withdrawal, Group 2 (short-term FGA): for 18 ewes, the insertion of sponges for 8 d, plus the PMSG injection on day 8 upon the sponge withdrawal, Group 3 (Ovsynch): for 17 ewes, an i.m. injection of 0.004 mg GnRH on day zero, followed by the injection of 125 µg PGF2α on day 7 and the second GnRH injection on day 9, and Group 4 (short-term FGA plus Ovsynch): for 16 ewes, the FGA sponge inserted along with the first GnRH injection (as day zero), PGF2α injection on day 7 upon the sponge withdrawal, and the second GnRH injection on day 9. The results showed that; time to onset of oestrus (P<0.001), duration of oestrus (P<0.05), the rates of pregnancy (P<0.01) and lambing (P≤0.001) differed between the synchronisation groups. Overall, findings of onset/duration of oestrus and pregnancy/lambing rates suggest that; the standard Ovsynch synchronisation programme was markedly inferior to the long- and short-term FGA sponge protocols in fat-tailed ewes during the breeding season.
CO2 photoassimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence, lipid peroxidation and yield in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Giza 65) in response to O3

Over the recent years, convincing evidence has emerged of both a decrease in stratospheric ozone (O3) and an increase in tropospheric O3 concentration. There is an intimate relationship between O3 and photosynthesis (A), which is ultimately linked to plant growth and yield. Photosynthetic response, chlorophyll fluorescence, Rubisco activity, lipid peroxidation and yield of an Egyptian cultivar of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. Cv. Giza 65) in response to fumigation with 70 nl l-1 O3 for 14 days, 10 hd-1 (8:00–18:00 local time) were investigated. Photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), the ratio between variable and maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and total Rubisco activity were reduced by 18%, 23%, 11% and 34%, respectively, and chlorophyll content, growth and yield of the plant were also reduced substantially by O3 exposure. O3-induced reductions in A were related to declines in growth and yield. Since exposure to O3 concentration typical of level of the pollutant recorded in Egypt reduced A, growth and yield of the species under investigation, reductions in A may be occurring in other important crops in Egypt.
Massive hard coral loss after a severe bleaching event in 2010 at Los Roques, Venezuela

Thermal anomalies have become more severe, frequent and well-documented across the Caribbean for the past 30 years. This increase in temperature has caused coral bleaching resulting in reef decline. At Los Roques National Park, Venezuela, temperature has been monitored at four reef sites. In mid-September 2010, seawater temperature reached 30.85°C at 5 m depth in Los Roques, an archipelago only slightly affected by previous bleaching events. For example, bleaching in Los Roques in 2005 was mild compared to the rest of the Caribbean and to the results in this study. In 2010, seawater temperatures remained above 29.0°C from mid- August until the first week of November, resulting in +16 Degree Heating Weeks by that time. Our annual survey of four reef sites indicated that 72% of 563 scleractinian colonies were partial or totally bleached (white) or pale (discolored) in October 2010. In February 2011, there were still 46% of coral colonies affected; but most of them were pale and only 2% were bleached. By February, coral cover had declined 4 to 30% per transect, with a mean of 14.3%. Thus, mean coral cover dropped significantly from 45 to 31% cover (a 34% reduction). In addition to bleaching, corals showed a high prevalence (up to 16%) of black band disease in October 2010 and of white plague (11%) in February 2011. As a consequence, coral mortality is expected to be larger than reported here. Reef surveys since 2002 and personal observations for more than 20 years indicated that this bleaching event and its consequences in Los Roques have no precedent. Our results suggest that reef sites with no previous record of significant deterioration are more likely to become affected by thermal anomalies. However, this archipelago is relatively unaffected by local anthropogenic disturbance and has a high coral recruitment, which may contribute to its recovery. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (Suppl. 1): 29-37. Epub 2012 March 01.
The Genus Spiniferites Mantell, 1850 (Dinophyceae)

Abstract Following the recent official rejection of proposals for conservation of the generic name Hystrichosphaera, the diagnosis of its senior synonym Spiniferites is expanded in order to incorporate additional information gained since 1850 and all species according with the expanded diagnosis are listed (24 species are transferred to Spiniferites). The cyst-family name “Hystrichosphaeraceae” is replaced by the new name “Spiniferitaceae”.
Effect of Zinc on Germination, Seedling Growth and Biochemical Content of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub)

Cluster bean seeds were grown in the presence of Â 0, 10, 25, 50, 100,150 and 200 mgl -l of zinc sulphate solution in order to asses the effect of metal on germination, growth and biochemical changes. The results indicated that low level of zinc concentration (10 and 25 mgl -l ) showed a significant increase in the germination, seedling growth and biochemical content; whereas the higher concentrations (50-200 mgl -l ) decreased the same except for proline content.
Towards the Mungbean 'Peptidome': Assessing the Bioactivity of Low Molecular Weight Peptides Isolated from Germinating Seeds

Numerous studies have established that peptides function as signaling molecules, and play significant role in cell-to-cell communication in almost all living organisms. In plants, the impact and importance of â€˜peptide signalingâ€™ in regulation of growth and development has triggered challenges over the classical definition and function of â€˜traditional plant hormonesâ€™. Â In the present study, we isolated the complete â€˜ peptidome â€™, consisting of low molecular weight peptides in the range of 3 kDa to 0.5 kDa, of germinating mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L) Wilckzek. cultivar Sonali B1 ] at different hours of germination. A comparative profiling of the peptidome was done through thin layer chromatography, followed by an evaluation of their bioactivity in vitro . Majority of peptides were found to be abundantly present at 24, 48 and 72 h of germination; however, showed a significant decrease at 120 and 144 h of germination. Bioactivity analysis revealed that peptides isolated at 24, 48 and 72 h, but not 120 and 144 h of germination showed positive and inductive control over I±-amylase activity and cell division in vitro . Our results suggest towards the conditional synthesis of specific types of low molecular weight peptides during active germination in mungbean plants.
THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH AND LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OILS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS AND ON THE LIPID FRACTION OF EGG YOLK

The effects of including 5 or 15% of high (regular) and low (Span) erucic acid rapeseed oils or soybean oil on productive performance, total lipid and fatty acid content of egg yolk, and distribution of fatty acids in egg yolk fat were studied. Feed intake varied according to the dietary energy content. However, 15% high erucic acid rapeseed oil decreased feed intake and egg production in comparison with 15% low erucic acid rapeseed oil or soybean oil. Hens receiving rations containing soybean oil produced larger eggs in the treatment than in the pre-treatment period. Five percent regular rapeseed oil in the diet led to a small increase in egg weight, whereas inclusion of 15% regular rapeseed oil in the diet led to a decrease in egg weight. Diets containing the Span oil gave intermediate results. Although the total lipid and total fatty acid content in egg yolk remained constant, the fatty acid composition changed significantly with the experimental diets. The concentration of saturated fatty acids in egg.
Potable water and biofilms: A review of the public health implications

Water quality regulations require that potable water is supplied free of microbial pathogens. Although this is generally achieved, the incidence of waterborne outbreaks associated with potable water has been increasing over the last decade. Infection from pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. , Salmonella spp. , Cryptosporidium and Giardia and viral infections are on the increase, with the protozoans presenting their own particular problems due to chlorine resistance. Biofilm bacteria are generally more resistant to biocides than planktonic microorganisms. Thus, the water industry is presented with a problem, particularly with pathogens that enter the water system and become incorporated into biofilms. The presence of biofilms in potable water systems is discussed in terms of their development, structure, function and quantification on surfaces. Survival of specific water‐borne microbial pathogens is discussed in relation to their mode of growth in biofilms. Factors that influence growth such as nutrient ava.
Performance Improvement of TCP Vegas with Reno Friendliness and Its Applications

TCP Reno is widely used in the current Internet as a de facto standard. On the other hand, TCP Vegas, which is able to achieve higher throughput than Reno, has been proposed. However, it has been also indicated that Vegas can’t achieve comparative performance when Reno and Vegas co-exit. In this paper, we improve the window update algorithm of TCP Vegas at its congestion avoidance phase. In this method, Vegas’s parameters are automatically updated and the throughput unfairness is expected to be solved, leading to Reno friendliness. Furthermore, we show effectiveness of the proposal by computer simulations. Keyword Congestion Control, TCP Reno, TCP Vegas, Reno Friendliness, RTT 1. はじめに 現在、インターネット上を流れるトラヒックの大部 分は TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)であり、電子メ ール、WWW(World Wide Web)、ファイル転送など様々 なアプリケーションで利用されている。 最近では、ネ ットワークのブロードバンド化、無線インターネット などインフラが急速に整備されてきているが、今後も トランスポート層のプロトコルとして TCP が利用さ れることが考えられる。 TCP の輻輳制御については、様々な研究が行われて いる。 最初は、スロースタートアルゴリズム、輻輳回 避アルゴリズム、Fast Retransmit アルゴリズムを採用 した TCP Tahoe が提案されている。 しかし、ロス検知 するとウィンドウサイズを大きく下げてしまうため、 スループットが低下してしまうという問題が生じる。 そこで、Fast Recovery アルゴリズムを採用した TCP Reno が提案された。 Fast Recovery アルゴリズムは、輻 輳の度合いが小さい場合に転送速度を大きく下げない ようにすることを目的としている。 それに対して、1994 年、L.Brakmo らによって TCP Vegas[1]が提案されてい る。 TCP Tahoe や TCP Reno と違い RTT を輻輳の指標 としてウィンドウサイズの制御を行っている。 また、 [1]では TCP Reno よりも 37~71%改善されると言われ ており、今後、TCP Vegas が普及していくことが期待 される。 ところが、TCP Reno と TCP Vegas が混在した 環境において Vegas のスループットが低下し、本来の 性能を示さないということが指摘されている [2,3]。 そ こで、両者の不公平性を改善した提案として、Reno と Vegas を動的に切り替える Vegas+[4]が提案されている。 一方、本研究では Reno と親和性を持ったスループ ットが得られるように Vegas のウィンドウサイズ更新 アルゴリズムの改善を行う。 本提案では、Vegas パラ メータの自動化を行うことで、不公平性を解消する。 提案手法の有効性は、ネットワークシミュレータ NS-2[7]を用いて示す。 以下、2 章では TCP の輻輳制御アルゴリズムについ て説明し、3 章では、提案手法について説明し、4 章で は、提案手法の有効性をシミュレーションによって示 し、その応用についても検討する。 最後に 5 章でまと めを行う。 2. TCP の輻輳制御アルゴリズム TCP は輻輳ウィンドウ ( cwnd )を動的に変更し、転 送レートを調節している。 ここでは、TCP Tahoe/Reno および TCP Vegas の輻輳制御アルゴリズムについて説 明する。 2.1. TCP Tahoe/Reno TCP Reno/Tahoe は、ACK を受信する毎に以下のよう にウィンドウサイズ ( cwnd )を変更していく。
Assessment of the potential for competition between two sympatric herbivores - the northern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus krefftii, and the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus

The northern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus krefftii, is a critically endangered grazing herbivore, restricted to a single population of just 65 individuals in the savanna of central Queensland. Lasiorhinus krefftii shares its habitat with another grazing herbivore of similar body size, the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus. This study investigated the potential for M. giganteus to compete with L. krefftii for food. Analysis of faecal residues demonstrated that both herbivores consumed grass almost exclusively, with the exception of small quantities of sedges and dicotyledons. Dietary overlap between M. giganteus and L. krefftii was high, both in the consumption of plant species (90%) and plant parts (99%), suggesting that there is potential for dietary competition. Using the distribution of faecal deposits for both herbivores, analysis of habitat usage by multiple linear regression techniques indicated that M. giganteus exhibits clear associations with some habitat features but proved inconclusive for L. krefftii because of their use of defecation in social marking. However, an examination of the population dynamics of M. giganteus suggested that the densities reported in this study, although highly seasonal, are sufficiently low that competition with L. krefftii for food is currently negligible.
The Role of Soil and Landscape Factors in Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) Invasion in the Appalachian Piedmont

Abstract There is a limited understanding about the ecological mechanisms that enable certain plant species to become successful invaders of natural areas. This study was conducted to determine the soil and landscape characteristics that correlate with invasion of Chinese privet (CHP), and to develop a model to predict the probability of CHP invasion in Piedmont forests. A landscape ecosystem classification (LEC) system—based on the percentage of clay in the B horizon, depth to maximum clay (cm), exposure, terrain shape, and aspect (degrees)—was used to determine the soil moisture characteristics of invaded and uninvaded plots. Additional measurements included the cover classes of CHP and other species, litter depth (cm), slope (degrees), overstory basal area (m2 ha−1), and soil chemical properties. CHP invasion was negatively correlated with overstory basal area and slope and positively with litter depth and pH. A stepwise logistic regression model containing these four variables was highly sensitive, with an overall accuracy of 78%. Given the accuracy of this model, we propose that it can be used to calculate the probability of invasion in a given area, provided that some basic, readily obtainable site characteristics are known. Nomenclature: Chinese privet, Ligustrum sinense Lour. Management Implications: Chinese privet (CHP) (Ligustrum sinense Lour) is one of the most common woody invasive alien plant species in the Appalachian Piedmont. An improved understanding of the factors that correlate with CHP invasion will benefit land managers in the region, as this species can reduce native diversity, alter forest structure, and be costly to control. We found CHP invasion to be negatively correlated with overstory basal area and slope and positively correlated with litter depth and pH. A model containing these four variables was highly sensitive, being able to predict CHP invasion 78% of the time. By identifying the areas that are most likely to be invaded, this model could facilitate early detection and control of CHP, thereby slowing its spread and helping to conserve native flora and fauna.
Ethno-toxic Plants of Cachar District in Southern Assam with Special Reference to Their Medicinal Properties

In the present study, the medicinal plants having poisonous property found by the local people of Cachar district have been recorded as traditional knowledge on the basis of words of mouth and also on personal interview. A total twenty four ethnotoxic plants belonging to thirteen families have been recorded which are found to be useful in curing various diseases. Here maximum of six plants belongs to the family Solanaceae, three plants belongs to both the Fabaceae & Euphorbiaceae, two plants belongs to both Asteraceae & Apocynaceae and other family contains one plant each.