Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of international carbon markets: lessons for the Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement will greatly benefit from the past experience with international market mechanisms for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions and related regulatory systems, which have gone through four periods with specific challenges. The first period 1997–2004 operationalized the mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI). Pilot activities in different sectors were undertaken by the public sector, and the first baseline and monitoring methodologies officially approved. Between 2005 and 2011, the carbon markets expanded massively. The EU emission trading scheme (EU ETS) was linked to the Kyoto mechanisms, creating demand for carbon credits from the private sector. During this “gold rush” period criticism emerged with regarding the uneven geographical distribution of projects, as well as environmental integrity problems related to baselines and additionality. The next period saw a collapse in carbon prices between 2012 and 2014, limiting the development of new projects. The quantitative limits on the use of offsets in the EU ETS were reached and the failure to agree on a new international regime resulted in a drying up of demand from governments. The 2015–2018 period is characterized by a gradual stabilization of the international climate regime. The Paris Agreement adopted in 2015 increases complexity through global participation in mitigation. Future carbon markets will therefore face both old challenges—supply–demand balance, environmental integrity, transaction costs—and new ones—interactions with other policies and national targets, and sectoral/policy baselines and additionality checks preventing hot air proliferation.
Design of digital resistivity-meter for subsurface exploration

Subsurface exploration is continuously running like increasing energy demand. Many explorations using analog resistivity meter as the measurement tool. The problem faced by users when using this tool is the lack of time efficiency and a high measurement error. We have to write manually the data which is shown on display. From all current and voltage, only the maximum one is needed. So the user needs to pay high attention to data fluctuation. This research aimed to design digital resistivity meter using current sensor and microcontroller Arduino UNO. The data then converted and saved into an SD card. The user can easily operate the system from the dashboard and touchscreen display. The device was calibrated to analog resistivity meter Naniura NRD-300 which was sold commercially. We can get the comparison of usage, precision, and efficiency between the digital and analog resistivity meter from calibration. The results of the calibration will be discussed.
Antimicrobial use practices and resistance in indicator bacteria in communal cattle in the Mnisi community, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Abstract Surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance is a critical component of the “Global Action Plan” to tackle antimicrobial resistance. However, there is a paucity of such surveillance in communal farming areas in South Africa. This study investigated knowledge and antimicrobial use practices by cattle farmers and antimicrobial resistance levels of indicator bacteria in cattle in a rural communal farming area in South Africa. Seventy (70) farmers were interviewed at five cattle inspection sites using structured questionnaires. Rectal swabs were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n = 100) for culture of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution. The farmers indicated predominantly using tetracyclines. Although 42% of the farmers indicated hearing about antimicrobial resistance, none of them clearly understood what it involves. Seventy‐nine (79) E. coli and 71 Enterococcus species were isolated with E. faecium being the dominant species among the Enterococcus isolates. E. coli isolates were resistant to colistin (16%; 13/79), chlortetracycline (8%; 6/79) and amoxicillin (8%; 6/79). Enterococcus isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin (55%; 39/71) and amoxycillin (3%; 2/71). We observed knowledge gaps in prudent antimicrobial use practices and antimicrobial resistance among the farmers. Farmer tailored education programmes on primary animal health care and prudent antimicrobial use practices must be developed and implemented to improve antimicrobial stewardship among farmers with limited veterinary supervision. The level of colistin resistance detected among E. coli isolates from rural communal cattle in this study was unexpected and warrants further molecular investigation to check if the resistance is plasmid mediated.
Stigma and discrimination toward people with mental illness in Sri Lanka

The number of persons diagnosed with mental illness in Sri Lanka is increasing, but there is no published research on the experience of stigma, or discrimination experienced by patients and their family carers. The aim of the study was to assess the stigma experienced by patients and their carers, and to determine coping strategies and the effects of stigma on help-seeking delay and carer burden. It was hypothesized that higher perceptions of stigma would be associated with higher carer burden and with greater delays in help-seeking. It was expected that coping strategies such as withdrawal and secrecy would be more strongly endorsed than educational and challenge strategies. A cross-sectional sample of 118 patients and their family carers recruited from the outpatient psychiatry clinics of a general hospital and a psychiatry hospital in Sri Lanka were interviewed for this study. The results revealed that patients experienced both public and self-stigma and that these were present at almost similar levels compared with studies conducted in the U.K. and U.S.A. Employers were the most frequently endorsed sources of discrimination by patients and carers. Disclosure of mental illness was an important issue with over half the patients indicating that they were worried about and avoided telling others about their mental illness. Two thirds of patients reported that their chances of getting married were spoiled due to mental illness. Patients reported levels of public stigma that were significantly higher than those reported by their carers. Withdrawal was the most commonly endorsed stigma coping strategy in patients and carers followed by secrecy, challenge and education. Furthermore, secrecy and withdrawal were more commonly endorsed than education. In both groups, the most frequently (75%) endorsed barrier to seeking healthcare was the concern about being labelled as having a mental illness. Public stigma experienced by carers was significantly related to their ratings of help-seeking delay (r = .22). Regression analysis found that the public stigma experienced by carers accounted for 20% of the variance in help seeking delay, but only reluctance to disclose was a unique predictor of delay. A third of the carers reported high carer burden and both public stigma of patients (rs = .26) and carers (rs = .20) were significantly related to carer burden.
Non-Neuronal ATP : Regulation of Release and Action in the Bladder

s as a result of this thesis Grundy, L. , Daly D, Chess-Williams R & Grundy D (2011) The role of TRPV1 in P2X mediated bladder afferent signalling. Proc. ASCEPT Annual meeting (Perth) Available online at http://ascept2011.eproceedings. com.au/papers/p183.pdf Grundy, L. , Chess-Williams R & Grundy, D. (2012) Primary mouse urothelial cell response to ATP is mediated by P2X but not TRPV1 receptors. Neurourology and Urodynamics: 31 (6): Pages: 1021-1022 Grundy, L. , Daly, D. ; Mansfield, K. Chess-Williams R. Sensory nerve responses to ATP are regulated by TRPV1 receptors. Neurourology and Urodynamics: 31 (6): Pages: 794-796 Grundy, L. , Chess-Williams R (2012) Neurokinin A potentiates spontaneous and purinergic evoked smooth muscle contraction and bladder afferent activity responses via activation of mouse bladder urothelial and detrusor NK2 receptors. Proc. ASCEPT Annual meeting (Sydney) Available online at: http://www.ascept-apsa.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ASCEPT-APSA-Oral-Abstracts100-201.pdf Grundy, L. , Mills, K. , Chess-Williams R & Grundy, D. (2013) Modulation of urothelial function and afferent sensitivity by Neurokinin A. Neurourology and Urodynamics: 32 (6) Pages 637639
Carbon-based materials for bipolar plates for low-temperatures PEM fuel cells — A review

The PEMFC (Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) is one of the most researched generators in hydrogen technology. The PEMFCs offer low emissions, several applications in industry with high power density. The basic material for the construction of components in low-temperature fuel cells is carbon or its allotropic forms and carbon nanomaterials. Carbon materials are used to build diffusion layers of electrodes, as catalyst carriers, for the construction of covers/interconnectors and as fuel. In this work, the carbon materials used to build a single cell have been reviewed taking into account various methods of fabrication and modification of materials.
An Overview of Barriers to the Adoption of Electronic Medical Records

This paper explores the many hurdles to the adoption of Electronic Medical Records by healthcare providers. In order to extend EMR into the majority of healthcare facilities, these barriers to adoption must be identified and mitigated. Some of these hurdles to adoption are already known, what are less discussed are the causes of failed attempts to adopt EMR. Relevant literature was reviewed in the attempt to identify reservations as well as the causes of failed implementations. These perceptions and experiences can provide insight into ways in which to expedite the comprehensive adoption of EMR in the healthcare arena. This paper lays the groundwork for further statistical meta-analysis of facility adoption data.
Prevalencia de anticuerpos para Taenia solium en humanos y cerdos en una zona endémica colombiana

Introduccion. La cisticercosis por Taenia solium en humanos y cerdos es endemica en muchas comunidades rurales de los paises en desarrollo. El uso de la inmunoelectrotransferencia (EITB) ? para la determinacion de anticuerpos contra T. solium? se ha constituido en la mejor herramienta serologica disponible hasta el momento para la identificacion de individuos positivos en condiciones de campo. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos para T. solium en humanos y cerdos en dos comunidades rurales de Antioquia, Colombia. Pacientes, materiales y metodos. Mediante la aplicacion de la prueba del EITB, se realizo la identificacion serologica de humanos y cerdos con anticuerpos para T. solium en dos comunidades de Ituango, Antioquia. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables demograficas, caracteristicas de las viviendas y condiciones sanitarias. Se hicieron tablas de contingencia usando la prueba de c2 para comparar la proporcion de individuos seronegativos e individuos seropositivos con cefalea, desmayos o convulsiones. Resultados. Se obtuvo una prevalencia para cisticercosis humana y porcina, respectivamente, del 2,23 y 6,82% en Pascuita y de 1,17 y 2,33% en Guacharaquero. De 11 pacientes con EITB positivo evaluados mediante imagenes, se encontraron dos individuos con calcificaciones unicas en la tomografia computarizada y uno con una lesion inespecifica en la resonancia magnetica. La prevalencia de la infeccion en humanos y en cerdos en dos comunidades rurales al norte del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, demuestra que la cisticercosis es endemica y que se necesitan emprender acciones que permitan su control.
Prediction modeling of kidney transplant outcome

Although renal transplant is the preferred modality for end-stage renal disease, it brings with it a number of challenges primarily associated with lack of individualized approach. The goals of the present project were: (1) to determine the most significant and clinically practical predictors of kidney transplant outcomes (patient survival, allograft survival, posttransplant complications) using United States Renal Data System (USRDS) data; (2) based on the selected predictors, to generate prediction models of renal transplant outcomes. Our initial study developed prediction models using logistic regression and treebased algorithms derived from data provided by the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS). A series of follow-up projects, using data supplied by the United States Renal Data System (USRDS), was performed. We were able to capture significant associations between donor, recipient, and transplant procedure variables (that could not be derived from UNOS data) and the allograph and recipient survival. Among our important findings, compared to peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis is associated with increased risk of graft failure and recipient death; preemptive retransplantation is associated with an increased risk of graft failure; increased time on dialysis between transplants is associated with a negative effect upon graft and recipient survival in most patient subgroups; short-term (6 months or less) dialysis had no negative effect on graft survival compared to preemptive transplants; certain socioeconomic factors, such as higher education level, citizenship, and type of insurance coverage, influenced graft and recipient outcomes, independent of racial differences; and that one particular
A double blind phase II study of BIBF 1,120 in patients suffering from relapsed advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

7635 Background: Vascular endothelial-(VEGF), platelet derived- (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) with their receptors compose critical cellular pathways controlling angiogenesis. BIBF 1120 is an oral potent triple angiokinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR kinases. Methods: In this double blind multi-center trial, patients with an ECOG score of 0–2 with locally advanced or metastatic (stage IIIB/IV) relapsed NSCLC after failure of first or second line chemotherapy were randomly assigned to daily treatment with 2x250 mg or 2x150 mg of BIBF 1,120 until progression. In the event of dose limiting toxicity, a single dose reduction to open label treatment with 2x150 or 2x100 mg of BIBF 1,120 was allowed. Patients with stable brain metastases or squamous cell carcinoma were not excluded. Primary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS) and objective tumor response (RECIST, determined every 6 weeks). Results: Seventy three of 74 patients enrolled received BIBF 1120 (61% males, median age: .
The status and scope of Indian medicinal plants acting on central nervous system

Ayurveda has quite a sophisticated classification of medicinal plants, as per the dominant pharmacological/ therapeutic activity on mental functions etc. These need to be systematically evaluated by a multidisciplinary effort. The most interesting leads of CNS-active medicinal plants, which have emerged, besides Rauwolfia serpentina are (1) Mucuna pruriens for Parkinson's disease (2) Withania somnifera, as anxiolytic (3) Centella asiatica and Bacopa monniera for learning and memory disorders (4) Acorus calamus as anxiolytic and (5) Ocimum sanctum as an antistress agent. The interface of molecular psvchiatrv and the active principles of some of these plants will be a major field for new developments in neuropharmacology and CNS-active drugs.
Review Articles: Approach to Patients with Intradialytic Hypotension: A Focus on Therapeutic Options

Hypotension during dialysis is a source of considerable morbidity for hemodialysis patients. It probably is the most common complication associated with the dialysis procedure, 10%–30% of treatments being complicated by symptomatic hypotension (1–6). However, episodes of symptomatic intradialytic hypotension (IDH) have been described in as many as 50% of dialysis treatments, and certain patient groups appear to suffer more commonly from this problem (1–3, 5, 7)—the elderly, diabetics, patients with autonomic insufficiency, and patients with diverse forms of cardiac disease (Table 1; 1, 2, 8, 9). Clearly, the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population has expanded to include a significant number of these patients. The complications of IDH undoubtedly take a substantial toll on patients’ health and also prove costly for the dialysis center. Patients often suffer from a variable combination of cramps, nausea and vomiting, dizziness or frank syncope, seizurelike episodes, weakness, and fatigue, both during and after the dialysis session (1–6). Quality of life and the patient’s sense of well-being also are adversely affected by hypotension. As a result of these uncomfortable symptoms, patients may discontinue their hemodialysis treatment prematurely. Inadequate dialysis and failure to achieve estimated dry weight are the end result of these patient behaviors (1–6). Ultimately, patients may suffer from the higher morbidity and mortality associated with chronic underdialysis and volume overload (1–6). Cerebrovascular insufficiency (transient ischemic attacks, cerebrovascular accidents) and cardiovascular instability (myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias) also may complicate hypotension during dialysis (1–6). Finally, thrombosis of vascular access from posthemodialysis hypotension may occur, a particularly frustrating concern for many patients (1–4). Undoubtedly, patients who develop IDH have higher acuity scores and require more intensive nursing care. Administration of saline (or mannitol), placement of the patient in the Trendelenburg position, nasal oxygen therapy, and reduction or discontinuation of ultrafiltration are some of the time-consuming additional tasks that nurses may perform when caring for such patients. Hemodialyzer fiber clotting may occur if blood pump speed is reduced during hypotension, thereby impairing clearance and potentially requiring use of a new dialyzer, further driving up health care costs. Development of severe cerebrovascular or cardiac symptoms during hypotension typically mandates return of the patient’s blood and discontinuation of hemodialysis. Hypotension and cardiovascular instability that extends into the postdialysis period also requires extra staff time spent monitoring the patient, thus interfering with dialysis unit efficiency and disrupting patient schedules.
Etude des disruptions métaboliques provoquées chez le modèle murin par l'ingestion d'Hypochoeris radicata (L.), plante toxique pour l'espèce équine : validation de l'approche métabonomique par des études comportementales et par imagerie cérébrale

L'ingestion d'Hypochœris radicata (L.) (HR) conduit a une maladie neuromusculaire du cheval, l'Australian Stringhalt. La toxicite de HR a ete etudiee sur rongeurs par metabonomique et une augmentation dose-dependante en scyllo-inositol a pu etre revelee dans les urines, le foie et le cerveau, organe cible, explore complementairement par imagerie cerebrale et approche comportementale. Ceci a permis de valider la methode, reveler un biomarqueur et le reseau metabolique perturbe, possedant des voies communes avec la polyneuropathie diabetique, l'alcoolisme, la maladie d'Alzheimer et le syndrome de Cavanan. Les variations de concentrations en choline, creatine, lactate, N-acetyl-aspartate et inosine expliqueraient les troubles cliniques du cheval. La taurine et la phenytoine interfereraient dans certaines des voies mais ne constitueraient pas des traitements specifiques. Plus qu'une reponse a une question de clinique, ce travail est une reconsideration de l'approche toxicologique. ABSTRACT : Hypochoeris radicata (L.) (HR) ingestion leads to a horse neurological disease: Australian Stringhalt. Using metabonomics we investigated the HR-induced metabolic disruptions in laboratory rodents. We showed that mouse displays a HR dose-dependant metabolic disruption with an increase in scyllo-inositol found in urine and brain and liver hydrosoluble extracts. Complementary behavioural approach and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging enabled us to investigate the brain, a target organ. We validated the method, find a biomarker and the disrupted metabolic network sharing some common pathways with chronic alcoholism, Alzheimer's and Cavanan's diseases. Changes in choline, creatine, lactate and N-acetyl-aspartate would explain the clinical troubles in horse. Taurine and phenytoine would interfere with some altered metabolic pathways in Stringhalt but don’t represent specific treatment. This study is not only an answer to a clinic issue but a new slant of the research in toxicology.
Yumurta Kabuk Kalitesine Mineral Maddelerin Etkisi

There are serious economic losses because of broken and cracked eggs in layer industry. Egg shell quality is based on nutrition. That’s why specifications of laying hen nutrition must be considered to obtain a proper egg shell quality In this collected the effects of laying hen nutrition taken into consideration. In this case, the function of macro and micro minerals in laying hens and their detailed mode of action for egg shell formation was examined and then some special recommendations was given to get less broken-cracked eggs. As a short summary it was concluded that Ca, Mn, Zn, Cu and Cr minerals are important factors for good quality egg shell formation. In addition the form of those minerals must also be considered.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Mechanical Behaviors of the Velcro ® and Dual-Lock Fasteners

In order to characterize the mechanical behaviors of the Velcro® and Dual-lock fasteners, a series of tests including the butt-joint (BJ) monotonic tensile and shear, mixed tensile-shear with various loading angles, the loading rates effects, the double cantilever beam (DCB) fracture and 180° peel experiments were performed. The tensile and shear tests results showed that the mechanical behaviors of Velcro® fastener separation are analogous to ductile materials, and those of Dual-lock fasteners are more like brittle ones. The mixed tensile-shear with various loading angles tests results demonstrated that magnitudes of the peak stresses in 30°, 45°, and 60° have no significant differences, which are lower than those in the monotonic tensile or shear tests for the two fasteners. The effects of the loading rate tests show that the peak stresses of the Velcro® fastener manifested good performance at the loading rate of 10 to 20 mm/min in the tensile and shear conditions, and the Dual-lock did it well around the loading rates of 10 to 20 mm/min in the tensile condition. The cohesive zone model (CZM) is employed to numerical predict the DCB fracture and the 180° peel tests. The CZM predictions results are proven to commendably capture the two tests separation processes, of the tow fasteners, and the numerical results agreed well with the peeling tests data of the Dual lock fasteners. The results and discussions in this study are expected to bring more understanding to engineers and designers about the performance of Velcro® and Dual lock fasteners.