Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Der Qualifizierungstarifvertrag für die Metall- und Elektroindustrie in Baden-Württemberg

Was ist neu am Qualifizierungstarifvertrag? Neu ist die Starkung der Individualrechte. Jede(r) Beschaftigte hat nun einen Anspruch auf ein Qualifizierungsgesprach, das jahrlich mindestens einmal stattfinden muss. Im Rahmen der Gesprache soll uber den individuellen Qualifizierungsbedarf gesprochen, dieser, sofern vorhanden, festgestellt und geeignete Masnahmen vereinbart werden. Dem Qualifizierungsgesprach ist fur den Fall nicht ubereinstimmender Meinungen zwischen den Beschaftigten und ihren jeweiligen Vorgesetzten ein Konfliktregelungsmechanismus hinterlegt. Gibt es keine Einigung, entscheidet in Betrieben mit mehr als 300 Beschaftigten eine paritatische Kommission, in kleineren Betrieben sollen Arbeitgeber und Betriebsrat eine Einigung erzielen. Kommt sie nicht zustande, entscheidet abschliesend und verbindlich ein Vertreter der „Agentur zur Forderung der beruflichen Weiterbildung“ (Agentur Q), die von den Tarifparteien gegrundet wurde. Unterschieden wird im Qualifizierungstarifvertrag zwischen betrieblicher und personlicher Weiterbildung. Betriebliche Weiterbildung ist breiter definiert als in der Vorgangervereinbarung (§ 3 Lohnund Gehaltsrahmentarifvertrag I von 1988). Sie umfasst nun neben der Anpassungsqualifizierung (Qualifizierung fur veranderte Anforderungen im eigenen Aufgabengebiet) und der Entwicklungsqualifizierung (Qualifizierung fur gleichwertige und hoherwertige Aufgaben) auch die ErhaltungsDer Qualifizierungstarifvertrag enthalt zudem zielgruppenspezifische Regelungen fur Unund Angelernte in Form einer relativ allgemein gehaltenen Klausel, wonach die Betriebsparteien aufgefordert sind, jahrlich die Notwendigkeit spezieller Masnahmen zu prufen. Ahnliches gilt fur altere ArbeitnehmerInnen. Beschaftigte in Fliesbandund Taktarbeit sollen zudem bei der Besetzung gleichoder hoherwertiger Arbeitsaufgaben vorrangig berucksichtigt werden. Den erweiterten Rechten der Beschaftigten steht ein ebenfalls erweiterter Kanon an Pflichten gegenuber. Eine unmittelbare Verpflichtung zur Weiterbildung gibt es zwar nicht, wohl aber eine zur Mitwirkung an der Ermittlung des Qualifizierungsbedarfs, zum Besuch vereinbarter Qualifizierungsmasnahmen und zum Einsatz der erworbenen Qualifikationen. Letzteres schliest einen „flexiblen und bedarfsorientierten Einsatz“ der Beschaftigten ausdrucklich ein. Erganzend zu den die Betriebe und Beschaftigten unmittelbar betreffenden Der Qualifizierungstarifvertrag fur die Metallund Elektroindustrie in Baden-Wurttemberg Reinhard Bahnmuller Stefanie Fischbach
Semi-Analytical Magnetic Field Predicting in Many Structures of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Considering the Iron Permeability

This paper deals with an adaptable semi-analytical model to calculate the open-circuit and armature reaction field distributions as well as the electromagnetic performances in many structures of permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). It is based on the multi-layer models considering the iron permeability with the convolution theorem (i.e., Cauchy’s product theorem) using the harmonic modeling technique (or the Maxwell–Fourier method). The 2-D semi-analytical model can be used for surface-mounted–inset-mounted or spoke-type PMSMs with different permanent-magnet (PM) magnetization patterns, winding structures, internal/external rotors, and slotless or slotted stators without the need to adopt the model equations to a specific PM machine type. For example, this scientific contribution has been applied to three types of PMSM with different topologies, viz.: i) slotted surface-mounted external rotor PMSM; ii) slotted surface–inset internal rotor PMSM; and iii) slotless external rotor spoke-type tangential PMSM. Finally, the results of semi-analytical method are compared with those found by the finite-element method.
Overview of the development and related research of electric vehicles

Under the dual pressures of environmental protection and energy, the development of electric vehicles has been accelerated again. Under this background, analyzes the necessity and trend of development of electric vehicles, electric vehicles on national development incentive and management policies, and evaluate the large-scale development impact on the distribution network of electric vehicles. In order to reduce the influence on distribution network, the current charging mode, switching mode and related charging strategy are described.
Gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, which is characterized by the destruction of islet β cells in the pancreas triggered by genetic and environmental factors. In past decades, extensive familial and genome‐wide association studies have revealed more than 50 risk loci in the genome. However, genetic susceptibility cannot explain the increased incidence of T1D worldwide, which is very likely attributed by the growing impact of environmental factors, especially gut microbiome. Recently, the role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of T1D has been uncovered by the increasing evidence from both human subjects and animal models, strongly indicating that gut microbiome might be a pivotal hub of T1D‐triggering factors, especially environmental factors. In this review, we summarize the current aetiological and mechanism studies of gut microbiome in T1D. A better understanding of the role of gut microbiome in T1D may provide us with powerful prognostic and therapeutic tools in the near future.
Applying for and Staying on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in South Carolina Executive Summary

This study used administrative records for 50,067 applications and 34,914 benefit spells in South Carolina for the period October 1996-November 2007 to examine households’ applications to and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). We modeled application resolutions where the possible outcomes were acceptance, denial due to income ineligibility, denial due to a failure to provide sufficient information, and denial for other reasons. For cases with successful applications, we modeled the durations of participation spells to distinguish among exits that result from missed recertifications, financial ineligibility, incomplete or missing information, and other reasons. The results indicate that a household’s application and participation history affect its subsequent application success and program tenure. Applicants with recent SNAP program experience are more likely to have their applications accepted than other applicants. Among the applicants with recent program experience, the way in which a previous spell ends helps to predict how their next application will be resolved and how their next participation spell will end. Households face an increased risk of having a SNAP participation spell end for financial ineligibility if an earlier participation spell ended for that reason. Similarly, households face an increased risk of having their applications denied or participation spells end for information deficiencies if an earlier spell ended that way.
Correction: miRNA-708 Control of CD44+ Prostate Cancer-Initiating Cells.

In the original version of this article (1), there are errors in Fig. 3. The first author inadvertently submitted an incorrect version of Fig. 3, containing an incorrect representative figure for the migration assay for LNCaP cell line in the right panels of Fig. 3C, while correcting the proof to incorporate better contrast for the Fig. 3C panels. The error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret this error.
Multiobjective Autonomous Intelligent Load Control for Hybrid Single-/Three-Phase AC/DC Smart Buildings

Modern distribution grids and smart buildings comprise unbalanced single-phase, three-phase, DC, and constant power loads and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). This paper presents a hybrid single/three-phase multiobjective automated/autonomous intelligent load (MAIL1) control for smart buildings. The main focus is to autonomously and automatically respond to grid disturbances and power imbalances and unbalances by adaptive demand adjustment of various loads. Also, it can realize regulation objectives of a supervisory operator to enable fast building demand control to participate in performance-based frequency regulation markets. Moreover, it is a unified load control strategy for both grid-connected and islanded hybrid single/three-phase AC/DC grids with smooth transition between them without a need for the strategy reconfiguration. The MAIL1 renders an adaptive and continuous demand for single-phase AC and DC loads. The MAIL1 is based on a fundamentally new controller for single-phase voltage source converters (VSCs) by introducing single-phase DC-source synchronous current converter technology, with extra functionalities such as auto-synchronization with single-phase grids and virtual inertia. Extensive real-time hardware-in-loop results are presented to demonstrate the MAIL1 performance.
Effects of Mind–Body Movements on Balance Function in Stroke Survivors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression to determine if mind–body movements (MBM) could be effective in rehabilitating balance function among stroke survivors. Methods: A literature search was conducted using major Chinese and English electronic databases from an inception until January 2018. Randomized controlled studies were included in our meta-analysis. Data was independently extracted by two review authors using a pre-developed table and confirmed by a third party to reach a consensus. Pooled effect size (Hedge’s g) was computed while the random-effect model was set. Results: The meta-analytic results showed a significant benefit of the MBM intervention on increased balance function compared to the control groups (Hedge’s g = 1.59, CI 0.98 to 2.19, p < 0.001, I2 = 94.95%). Additionally, the meta-regression indicated that the total number of sessions (β = 0.00142, 95% CI 0.0039 to 0.0244, p = 0.0067) and dose of weekly training (β = 0.00776, 95% CI 0.00579 to 0.00972, p = 0.00) had significantly positive effects on balance function. Conclusions: The study encouraging findings indicate the rehabilitative effect of a MBM intervention for balance function in stroke survivors. However, there were significant limitations in the design among several of the included trials. Additional studies with more robust methodologies are needed to provide a more definitive conclusion.
DWT-ELBP based model for face recognition

The extraction of exact facial landmarks plays a significant role in a face recognition (FR) system. This paper presents an approach for recognition of both frontal and non frontal faces using symmetric Elliptical Local Binary Pattern (ELBP) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) under different illumination conditions and facial expressions. The facial features are extracted using ELBP and further features are decomposed by DWT. For classification K-NN classifier is used here. The approach implemented on Essex, AR and color FERET face database respectively signifies 99.8%, 98.4% and 96.3% rate of recognition rate.
The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Gynaecological Malignancy

Background: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a very heterogeneous array consisting of many proteins like ligands, enzymes and receptors synthetized in various tissues and immunity cells. The main endogenous ligands are unsaturated fatty acid derivatives like anandamide(AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol(2-AG), but many others are under study. Endocannabinoids are involved in both physiological and pathological conditions. ECS plays an important role in the regulation of main processes which lead to cancer and also in sex steroid hormone-related cancers.Methods: With focus on gynaecological cancers, main papers and review articles, up to April 2018, on the role of the ECS, were acquired by PubMed searches using the search terms: ‘cancer’, ‘cannabinoid’, ‘endocannabinoid’, ‘gynaecology’ and ‘malignancy’. Results: The review of recent literature data showed the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in numerous physiological and pathological conditions of the female genital tract up to the development of gynaecological malignancy as cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer.Conclusions: The endocannabinoid system has an important role in antitumor actions involving different signalling receptor and receptor-independent pathways. It represents an exciting challenge to researchers for its potential use in diagnosis and treatment of all gynaecological malignancies
MoSnt2-dependent deacetylation of histone H3 mediates MoTor-dependent autophagy and plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

ABSTRACT Autophagy is essential for appressorium-mediated plant infection by Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease and a major threat to global food security. The regulatory mechanism of pathogenicity-associated autophagy, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a plausible ortholog of yeast SNT2 in M. oryzae, which we term MoSNT2. Deletion mutants of MoSNT2 are compromised in autophagy homeostasis and display severe defects in autophagy-dependent fungal cell death and pathogenicity. These mutants are also impaired in infection structure development, conidiation, oxidative stress tolerance and cell wall integrity. MoSnt2 recognizes histone H3 acetylation through its PHD1 domain and thereby recruits the histone deacetylase complex, resulting in deacetylation of H3. MoSnt2 binds to promoters of autophagy genes MoATG6, 15, 16, and 22 to regulate their expression. In addition, MoTor controls MoSNT2 expression to regulate MoTor signaling which leads to autophagy and rice infection. Our study provides evidence of a direct link between MoSnt2 and MoTor signaling and defines a novel epigenetic mechanism by which MoSNT2 regulates infection-associated autophagy and plant infection by the rice blast fungus. Abbreviations: M. oryzae: Magnaporthe oryzae; S. cerevisiae: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; F. oxysporum: Fusarium oxysporum; U. maydis: Ustilago maydis; Compl. : complemented strains of ΔMosnt2 expressing MoSNT2-GFP; ATG: autophagy-related; HDAC: histone deacetylase complex; Tor: target of rapamycin kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase in mammals; MoSnt2: DNA binding SaNT domain protein in M. oryzae; MoTor: target of rapamycin kinase in M. oryzae; MoAtg8: autophagy-related protein 8 in M. oryzae; MoHos2: hda one similar protein in M. oryzae; MoeIf4G: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 G in M. oryzae; MoRs2: ribosomal protein S2 in M. oryzae; MoRs3: ribosomal protein S3 in M. oryzae; MoIcl1: isocitrate lyase in M. oryzae; MoSet1: histone H3K4 methyltransferase in M. oryzae; Asd4: ascus development 4; Abl1: AMP-activated protein kinase β subunit-like protein; Tig1: TBL1-like gene required for invasive growth; Rpd3: reduced potassium dependency; KAT8: lysine (K) acetyltransferase 8; PHD: plant homeodomain; ELM2: Egl-27 and MTA1 homology 2; GFP: green fluorescent protein; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein; YFPCTF: C-terminal fragment of YFP; YFPNTF: N-terminal fragment of YFP; GST: glutathione S-transferase; bp: base pairs; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; CM: complete medium; MM-N: minimum medium minus nitrogen; CFW: calcofluor white; CR: congo red; DAPI: 4ʹ, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; RT: reverse transcription; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RNAi: RNA interference; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation
Does economic geography matter for Pakistan? a spatial exploratory analysis of income and education inequalities

Generally, econometric studies on socio-economic inequalities consider regions as independent entities, ignoring the likely possibility of spatial interaction between them. This interaction may cause spatial dependency or clustering, which is referred to as spatial autocorrelation. This paper analyzes for the first time, the spatial clustering of income, income inequality, education, human development, and growth by employing spatial exploratory data analysis (ESDA) techniques to data on 98 Pakistani districts. By detecting outliers and clusters, ESDA allows policy makers to focus on the geography of socio-economic regional characteristics. Global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation have been computed using the Moran’s I and the Geary’s C index to obtain estimates of the spatial autocorrelation of spatial disparities across districts. The overall finding is that the distribution of district wise income inequality, income, education attainment, growth, and development levels, exhibits a significant tendency for socio-economic inequalities and human development levels to cluster in Pakistan (i.e. the presence of spatial autocorrelation is confirmed).
Gauging the influence of increased search effort on reporting rates of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) strandings following the deepwater horizon oil spill

The co-occurrence of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the northern Gulf of Mexico cetacean Unusual Mortality Event have raised questions about the stability of inshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) populations throughout the region. Several factors could have contributed to the ongoing event, but little attention has been paid to the potential effects of increased search effort and reporting of strandings associated with oil spill response activities, which were widespread for an extended period. This study quantified the influence of increased search effort by estimating the number of bottlenose dolphin strandings reported by oil spill responders and comparing monthly stranding rates with and without response-related records. Results showed that response teams reported an estimated 58% of strandings during the Active Response period within the study area. Comparison of Poisson rates tests showed that when responder-influenced stranding records were removed, the monthly stranding rates from the Active Response period (May 2010 –April 2014) were similar to the Post-Removal Actions Deemed Complete period (May 2013 –March 2015) (e.g., p = 0.83 for remote areas in Louisiana). Further, analyses using the Getis-Ord Gi* spatial statistic showed that when response-related stranding reports were removed from the Active Response period, significant spatial clustering of strandings (p < 0.05) was reduced by 48% in coastal Louisiana. Collectively, these results suggest that increased search effort resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response throughout remote portions of the Unusual Mortality Event geographic region had the capacity to increase reporting and recovery of marine mammal strandings to unusually high levels. To better understand how stranding data relates to actual mortality, more work is needed to quantify dolphin population size, population trends, and carcass detection rates including the role of search effort. This is vital for understanding the status of a protected species within the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Positive and negative floating resistor with control voltage on high impedance terminals

In this paper, we propose positive and negative floating resistor with control voltage on high impedance terminal. In this programmable resistor circuit, current addition/subtraction is carried out at the gate terminal where voltage is applied Furthermore, in this circuit control voltages are given to high impedance terminal of the MOSFET which helps in reducing effect of loading on to control voltage terminals. In addition, this circuit uses only two transistors between supply rails. The proposed circuit can realize the large range of positive and negative resistances. Simulations are carried out in 180nm technology and realized resistance values are from −100kΩ to 100kΩ. The circuit performance is tested by using it in non-inverting amplifier configuration of op-amp and summing amplifier.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Zinc Borate-Pretreated Poplar Wood Flour/Plastic Composite

The effect of zinc borate (ZB) treatment on the mechanical and morphological properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites was investigated. Wood flour was first treated with ZB solution (1% w/w in ethanol-distilled water), followed by 24 hours of soaking on an unheated magnetic stirrer hot plate until relatively complete saturation was reached. Then, composites based on ZB-pretreated, ZB-treated-during-manufacturing, and untreated wood flour, polypropylene and coupling agent were made by melt compounding and then injection molding. The ZB treatment had no significant influence on mechanical properties of the composite with the exception of tensile strength. The composite made with ZB-pretreated wood flour exhibited the same mechanical properties as the composites made with ZB-in-process-treated wood flour; however there were statistically significant differences between flexural modulus and tensile strength of ZB-pretreated composites and ZB-in-process treated ones. Specimens containing the ZB showed lower flexural, tensile, and impact strength compared with the untreated specimens. However, the zinc borate treatments produced modest improvements in hardness performance. The SEM micrographs revealed that the outer surface of the wood fibers was coated by some crystalline deposits of zinc borate.
Using normalized entropy to compare traffic differences in stable and unstable time slots

A darknet is a set of routed but unused IP address spaces on the Internet in which no active service resides. Dark- net traffic includes only abnormal traffic and reflects malicious activities such as the results of attacks, experiments, or errors. Thus, darknet traffic analysis is a powerful tool for measuring and characterizing cyber attack activities like worms, distributed denial of service attacks, backscatter, misconfiguration, or other scans. We analyzed darknet TCP traffic stability and found numerous unstable time slots, but the traffic difference between stable and unstable time slots has not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we report analysis results for the traffic found in unstable time slots. We compare the traffic data for stable and unstable time slots from the viewpoint of the randomness of IP addresses and ports by evaluating the normalized entropy. The concept of normalized entropy is used to measure the uncertainty or randomness of the traffic in each time slot. The analysis results show that the traffic difference between the stable and unstable time slots from the viewpoint of the randomness of the IP addresses and ports is the result of backscatter, misconfiguration, and scan activity. We conclude that evaluating the normalized entropy is a useful method for detecting and classifying the type of event in unstable time slots.