Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A GROUND MOTION SIMULATION COUPLED WITH AN EIKONAL SOLVER AND ITS APPLICATION WITH A FORMULA USING ISOCHRONES JUMPING INTENSITY

We describe three achievements for a ground motion simulation. First, we propose a kinematic modeling in which rupture delay time is governed by an eikonal equation on Riemannian manifold and develop a coupling method between the eikonal solver and a ground motion simulation. In general the rupture delay time is depending on the fault shape. So we derive the equation by considering the Riemannian metric of the fault surface and give a detailed discretization of its difference scheme to deal with a curved surface fault. Next, in order to explain the effect of spatially discontinuous non-uniformity of rupture velocity, we introduce an isochrones jumping intensity and obtain a new decomposed isochrones formula with mathematical rigor. It is known that the representation theorem with the Green’s function can be rewritten into an expression with a contour integral by the isochrones theory. The new formula says that the known isochrones formula for velocity can be decomposed into a trend component and a disturbance component. The disturbance component consists of the isochrones jumping intensity. Finally, by applying our ground motion simulation coupled with the eikonal solver and the decomposed isochrones formula, we investigate some relations between the non-uniformity of the rupture velocity and pulse-like disturbance of the ground motion velocity. Our simulations show that the disturbance of velocity waveform corresponds with that of rate of change of isochrones band area. It turns out that the pulse-like disturbance of velocity waveform occurs when isochrones move across the region where rupture velocity varies discontinuously. Thus we can explain that the pulse-like disturbance of the ground motion velocity occurs when the isochrones jumping intensity has nonzero value. We, however, think that further discussion with respect to the decision of rupture velocity is required. So we would like to study the dynamic rupture model in order to understand how to give the spatial distribution of rupture velocity in future works.
EFFECTS OF PNF INTERVENTION ON PAIN, JOINT PROPRIOCEPTION AND KNEE MOMENTS IN THE ELDERLY WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS DURING STAIR ASCENDING

This study aims to explore the effects of a 6-week proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) intervention on stair pain, joint proprioception, and external knee moments in the elderly with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) during stair ascending. A total of 27 elderly with KOA participated in our study. Fourteen of the patients were included in the PNF group, and 13 were included in the control group. Self-reported pain and disabilities of the WOMAC were assessed, and joint proprioception was measured, and gait test were performed at weeks 0 and 6. After a 6-week PNF intervention, the PNF group showed a decreased “using stair” pain score, decreased difficulty with “climbing stairs” score, decreased knee joint proprioception threshold, increased knee extension moment (KEM), and decreased knee adduction moment (KAM) during stair ascending. We suggest the use of PNF intervention, which relieves joint pain, recover proprioception, reduce the knee joint loading by changing KAM and KEM, and lessen difficulty during stair ascent of elderly with KOA.
Eroding the Culture of Contracting: Aid, Not Trade?

We analyze how two well-known development policies—international trade and aid—affects the ‘culture of contracting. ’ The culture of contracting refers to those cultural characteristics—trust, respect, level of self-determination, and level of obedience—which allow for the impersonal exchange necessary for growth and development. Theoretically, trade and aid may affect the culture of contracting for better or worse. We empirically analyze both possibilities and find that international trade generates, on net, positive effects while foreign aid generates negative effects on the culture of contracting. The more open a country is to trade and the less aid it receives, the more likely it is to possess a stronger culture of contracting. JEL Codes: F15, O10, P50, Z1
SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF A STRATEGIC EXISTING RC BUILDING ACCORDING TO NEW SEISMIC CODE

The 2003 Boumerdes earthquake, magnitude 6.8, was the most devastating earthquake that occurred close to the capital Algiers, killing and injuring thousands of people and causing huge various degrees of damage to many elder RC existing buildings. Among them some were classified as strategic ones. The objective of this paper is to quantify the seismic vulnerability assessment of an old reinforced concrete strategic existing building designed prior to the new seismic code in force RPA99/version 2003 and erected in a moderate seismic zone, Constantine. The structural building system is a reinforced concrete resisting moment frames. The seismic input is considered according to the provisions of the Algerian seismic design code RPA99/version 2003. Story limit capacities are identified for first yield and ultimate states. The capacity curves were obtained using the concept of nonlinear analysis based on the capacity design. The damage parameters were obtained by performing the nonlinear time history analysis considering three different prescribed ground motion histories recorded during past earthquakes. The main damage parameters used in this study were story drift displacement. Hereafter, the main results of this analysis are discussed.
The Significance of iron deficiency and anemia in a real-life COPD cohort

Background: Current evidence suggests an increased prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ID and subsequent anemia can be due to iron losses via bleeding resulting in absolute ID or inflammation-driven retention of iron within macrophages resulting in functional ID and anemia of inflammation. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 204 non-exacerbated COPD patients in outpatient care. Current definitions of absolute and functional ID were applied to determine the prevalence of ID and to analyze associations to disease severity in terms of lung function parameters and clinical symptoms. Results: The studied cohort of COPD patients demonstrated a high prevalence of ID, ranging from 30 to 40% during the observation time. At the initial presentation, absolute or functional ID was found in 9.3% to 12.3% of COPD individuals, whereas combined forms of absolute and functional ID were most prevalent (25.9% of all individuals). The prevalence of ID increased during longitudinal follow-up (37 ± 15 months), and especially combined forms of ID were significantly related to anemia. Anemia prevalence ranged between 14.2% and 20.8% during the observation period and anemia was associated with lower FEV1, DLCOc, and CRP elevation. Accordingly, ID was associated with decreased FEV1, DLCOc, and an elevation in CRP. Conclusion: ID is common in COPD patients, but a uniform definition for accurate diagnosis does not exist. Prevalence of functional ID and anemia increased during follow-up. The associations of ID and anemia with reduced functional lung capacity and elevated inflammation may reflect a more severe COPD phenotype.
Tracking and Recognition of Facial activities from Images or Videos

: The tracking and recognition of facial activities from images or videos have attracted great attention in computer vision field. The facial feature tracking and expression recognition represent the facial activities in three levels from local to global, and they are interdependent problems. However, most current methods only track or recognize the facial activities in one or two levels, and track them separately, either ignoring their interactions or limiting the interaction to one way. Generally, methods such as Multi feature Discriminant Analysis, dynamic Bayesian network; gradient orientation pyramid, etc. are used for feature extraction. The modified PCA algorithm called the Self-PCA is used for creating the Eigen Face for feature extraction for the recognition process. The Self-PCA can be used in order to consider distinctiveness of the effects of facial expressions of a person for face recognition. A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. These movements convey the emotional state of an individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. Humans can adopt a facial expression voluntarily or involuntarily, and the neural mechanisms responsible for controlling the expression differ in each case. The universally accepted categories of emotion are: Sadness, Anger, Happiness, Fear, Disgust and Surprise. In previous days much work has been carried out for facial feature extraction and expression recognition using various techniques for improving the accuracy rate however the aim of proposed work is to achieve high level accuracy reducing the computational time. Instead of the work done yet there is needed to achieve huge level accuracy by reducing the computational time. The community of computer vision has
Ascomycetes from the Qilian Mountains, China – Hypocreales

Abstract To investigate fungi from the Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province, ascomycetous specimens were collected and hypocrealean fungi were examined. Eighteen species belonging to six genera in the families Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae were identified, including 11 species of Hypomyces and Trichoderma in Hypocreaceae and seven species of Nectria, Stylonectria, Thelonectria, and Thyronectria in Nectriaceae. Among them, Stylonectria qilianshanensis and Trichoderma gansuanum are new to science. DNA sequence analyses of combined ACL1, ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 regions confirmed their taxonomic placements. Morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are discussed. Hypomyces tremellicola is reported for the first time in China.
Use of a deep convolutional neural network and beamforming for localisation and diagnosis of industry noise sources

Many industries rely on the continual and unimpeded operation of turbines, pumps, pulleys, fans, motors, gear-boxes, and other associated fixed and mobile plant equipment. As such, reliable and remote condition monitoring and fault localisation can improve safety, prevent unnecessary downtime and reduce maintenance costs. Current methods of condition monitoring such as acoustic emissions (AE) testing can prove difficult to automate and require careful analysis by a trained analyst. This research investigates the use of adaptive beamforming for source localisation and signal extraction in conjunction with a convolutional neural network classification system based on spectrogram plots. Furthermore, it tests the effects of reducing the number of microphones in the microphone array on the deep network classification accuracy. This technology has been investigated with the use of 12-volt computer fans as an analogue for rotating machinery, with the primary challenge of reliably separating and classifying the unique spectral signal of each fan. The outcome of this research from over 450 test samples demonstrates damage detection accuracy consistently above 97% based on available data when adequate beam-forming resolution and array gain are achieved. This technology shows promise for use in an automated monitoring system for industrial applications, with available scope for further refinements.
Is There a Refugee Gap? Evidence from Over a Century of Danish Naturalizations

The “refugee gap”—the difference in the economic status of refugees relative to other migrants might be due to the experience of being a refugee or to government policy. In Denmark before the Second World War, refugees were not treated differently from other migrants, motivating our use of a database of the universe of Danish naturalizations between 1851 and 1960. We consider labor market performance and find that immigrants leaving conflicts fared no worse or even performed better than other migrants within this relatively homogeneous sample of those who attained citizenship. This suggests that refugees and other migrants might be given the same rights if policy aims to ensure economic success.
Glut5 and Fructose Metabolism Inhibition in a Simulated Small Intestine Environment

This thesis describes an experiment that was designed in order to obtain information that could be useful for treating individuals with HFI. The author hypothesized that MSNBA would inhibit GLUT5 and fructose metabolism in the small intestine. The final experimental design involves exposing a small intestine cell line to fructose and MSNBA. The cell line would be exposed to MSNBA over the course of three different periods, and data was intended to be obtained using western blotting and a fructose assay kit. Although the final experimental design project was not fully carried out due to circumstances surrounding COVID-19, a plausible experimental design was produced. The experimental design has the potential to be modified in ways that could be used to test the effects of MSNBA with more informative results. The modifications could be used to plan a study that could obtain more useful data than the final experimental design described in this work.
Supplemental Appendix to “Advertising for Consideration”

Similarly, setting πn(p∗) = π(p) for p ∈ [p, p∗], we can use Expression (14) to solve for F (p) in terms of α and p∗ as follows. ∗Corresponding author. Department of Economics, University of Memphis, 427 Fogelman Admin Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152; e-mail address: cmstrnfg@memphis.edu. †Department of Economics, University of Memphis, 415 Fogelman Admin Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152; e-mail address: jjlopez@memphis.edu. ‡Federal Communications Commission, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20554. e-mail address: aleks.yankelevich@fcc.gov. Aleks Yankelevich is a Senior Economist at the Federal Communications Commission. This work was completed while he was employed by the Brandmeyer Center for Applied Economics at the University of Kansas and by the Quello Center at Michigan State University. The analysis and conclusions set forth are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Communications Commission, other Commission staff members, or the U.S. Government.
Closer to the Edge: Testing Compilers More Thoroughly by Being Less Conservative About Undefined Behaviour

Randomised compiler testing techniques require a means of generating programs that are free from undefined behaviour (UB) in order to reliably reveal miscompilation bugs. Existing program generators such as Csmith heavily restrict the form of generated programs in order to achieve DB-freedom. We hypothesise that the idiomatic nature of such programs limits the test coverage they can offer. Our idea is to generate less restricted programs that are still UB-free-programs that get closer to the edge of UB, but that do not quite cross the edge. We present preliminary support for our idea via a prototype tool, Csmithedge, which uses simple dynamic analysis to determine where Csmith has been too conservative in its use of safe math wrappers that guarantee UB-freedom for arithmetic operations. By eliminating redundant wrappers, Csmithedge was able to discover two new miscompilation bugs in GCC that could not be found via intensive testing using regular Csmith, and to achieve substantial differences in code coverage on GCC compared with regular Csmith. CCS CONCEPTS • Software and its engineering →Compilers; Software verification and validation.
Influence of Remuneration and Job Security on Organizational Performance of Co-operative Bank Branches in Kiambu County, Kenya

In a highly competitive, global environment, organizations are constantly under pressure to retain their workforce. Highly skilled, reliable and experienced employees are a valuable asset for any organization. It is evident that highly motivated employees are more likely to have high productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of job security on organizational performance at Co-operative Banks, Kiambu County. The study specifically; investigated the influence of remuneration on organization performance at Cooperative Banks, Kiambu County; determined the influence of job security on organizational performance at Cooperative Bank, Kiambu County. The study will benefit the, academicians, policymakers and community members. The study adopted descriptive research design with a target population of 101 members. The study adopted a stratified random sampling technique and sample survey, thus, using the whole target population. The study used structured questionnaires as the main tool of data collections. The instrument was validated by the supervisors. Reliability of the instrument as determined through a pilot study. Thereafter, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.72 was obtained from the instrument. This indicated the instrument was reliable, quantitative data that remuneration, job security, recognition and praise and promotion and growth affect organization performance.
Large-Scale Synchrony in the Dynamics of Capercaillie, Black Grouse and Hazel Grouse Populations in Finland

We analysed 1964-1983 data on population numbers of capercaillie, black grouse and hazel grouse in 11 provinces in Finland. The three species are known to display cyclic dynamics with a periodicity of approximately six yr. Synchrony in species-specific population fluctuations was scored by calculating cross correlations with zero lag among all the provinces. Provincial data were also used to assess the relation between climatic factors and synchrony in the population fluctuations. To enable the statistical analysis, the number of the 12 climate variables was reduced to three non-correlating principal components. A bootstrap method was used both for parameter estimation and for assessing statistical significance level when comparing the tetraonid synchrony with the climate data. For all three species we found large-scale synchrony in population fluctuations. The level of synchrony decreased, however, with geographical distance among the provinces. When a partial correlation analysis is done correcting for the weather-derived principal components, correlations with synchrony and distance remained with two of the three principal components. When corrected for distance, there is correlation between synchrony and climate for capercaillie and black grouse. We conclude that spatial phenomena, such as climatic homogeneity within closely located areas and dispersal of individuals are responsible for maintaining large-scale synchrony.
Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles culicifacies in Surat district, Gujarat, west India

A focus of deltamethrin resistance in Anopheles culicifacies, the major vector of malaria in India, was identified in Surat district, Gujarat, western coast of India, where two synthetic pyrethroids, deltamethrin and cyfluthrin are being used under the public health programme since 1996, as a selective vector control measure. The per cent mortalities in An, culicifacies after one-hour exposure to 0.05% deltamethrin varied from 60 to 78 and LT 5 0 and LT 9 0 values were 27 to 38 and 164 to 218 min, respectively in different localities; whereas laboratory-maintained pyrethroid susceptible strains showed 100% mortality even at exposure for 10 min. The population also showed high knock-down resistance against 0.05% deltamethrin; the knock-down times, KDT 5 0 and KDT 9 0 , were 74-81 and 217-297 min respectively as against 8.8-10.7 and 14.2-15.7 min respectively in pyrethroid-susceptible, laboratory-colonized strains of An, culicifacies species B and C. The An, culicifacies population in the study area was found to comprise of two sibling species, B and C, which did not differ in knock-down susceptibility to deltamethrin.
A Collection of Benchmark Data Sets for Knowledge Graph-based Similarity in the Biomedical Domain

Abstract The ability to compare entities within a knowledge graph is a cornerstone technique for several applications, ranging from the integration of heterogeneous data to machine learning. It is of particular importance in the biomedical domain, where semantic similarity can be applied to the prediction of protein–protein interactions, associations between diseases and genes, cellular localization of proteins, among others. In recent years, several knowledge graph-based semantic similarity measures have been developed, but building a gold standard data set to support their evaluation is non-trivial. We present a collection of 21 benchmark data sets that aim at circumventing the difficulties in building benchmarks for large biomedical knowledge graphs by exploiting proxies for biomedical entity similarity. These data sets include data from two successful biomedical ontologies, Gene Ontology and Human Phenotype Ontology, and explore proxy similarities calculated based on protein sequence similarity, protein family similarity, protein–protein interactions and phenotype-based gene similarity. Data sets have varying sizes and cover four different species at different levels of annotation completion. For each data set, we also provide semantic similarity computations with state-of-the-art representative measures. Database URL: https://github.com/liseda-lab/kgsim-benchmark.
The Lexical Profile of Laboratory Animal Science Review Articles: The Uses of Collocations and Purposive Writing Patterns

The corpus studies of words and concordance lines in various fields were widely investigated, but there were few studies examined on the collocations and purposive sentences in the field of laboratory science. Such rare studies can make ESP learners, science and technology students in particular, more aware of the significance of learning collocations and language patterns for effective academic writing. Thus, the current study aims 1) to investigate the grammatical and lexical collocations occurring in the content words of the Outside Word List (OWL) and 2) to analyze the patterns used to state the purposes of the study in laboratory animal science review articles. There were 555,526 running words in the 100 research articles of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) journal between 2010 and 2014. AntConc (3.4.4) was used to count word frequency and create a laboratory animal science wordlist. Then the concordance lines for the highest-frequency words were analyzed to find grammatical and lexical collocations and the purposive function. The data were analyzed and displayed as percentages and frequencies. The results showed that most lexical collocations appeared in the following four patterns: noun + noun (55.81%), noun + verb (17.83%), adjective + noun (14.15%), and verb + noun (7%). Grammatical collocations were found only in the pattern of noun + noun (4.26%). The results demonstrated that purposive sentences used a main verb with to-infinitive to express the objectives of the study. The implications of the study are beneficial for students and novice researchers in writing development and more contribute to teaching and learning pedagogy in ESP course design. The results are advisable for ESP teachers, especially teachers in English for Science and Technology and Academic Writing classes, to integrate a lesson concerning collocations and language patterns into their courses in order to teach students how to write professionally in scholarly contexts.