Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On a new method of spectrum sharing in UWB system

Ultra wideband system (1MB) is characteristic of the wide bandwidth, and it, may cause some harmful interference to existing users of the same and nearby bands. So it is impending for us to research on the spectrum management and usage of UWB system aiming at the way it using spectrum as early as possible. In this paper, we are presenting a new method for UWB system to share spectrum with other wireless systems, namely, underlying opportunistic spectrum sharing based on cognitive radio. Its main idea is to smartly and alertly occupy the white frequency bands that aren't fully used by primary users on the condition that the UWB system meets the emission power restriction. The new method helps to improve the flexibility of spectrum sharing and to optimize the spectrum utilization for UWB system.
Satellite Image Enhancement using Discrete Wavelet Transform, Singular Value Decomposition and its Noise Performance Analysis

This paper introduce a new concept of satellite image resolution and contrast enhancement technique when the image is suffered from the noise and filtering it by various types of filters then the image is processed by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to get new modified contrast and resolution enhanced image. Satellite images are used in many applications such as geosciences studies, astronomy, and geographical information systems. Two most important quality factors of images are contrast and resolution, here this technique decomposes the input filtered image into the four frequency sub-bands by using DWT and then the high frequency subband images and input image have been interpolated along with this the technique also estimates the singular value matrix of the low–low sub band of histogram equalized image and input filtered image then normalize both singular value matrices to obtain brightness enhanced image. In, order to get the new image of better contrast and resolution all these subbands are combined using inverse DWT. The following procedure is done with different types of noises and different types of filters then they are compared with conventional image equalization techniques such as general histogram equalization (GHE), local histogram equalization (LHE) and also from state-of-the-art technique which is singular value equalization (SVE) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and the experimental results show the supremacy of the proposed method over conventional and state-of-art techniques.
An anatomical study of the acetabulum with clinical applications to hip arthroscopy.

BACKGROUND The clock face has been employed to define the position of labral pathology in relation to identifiable arthroscopically relevant acetabular landmarks. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively describe arthroscopically relevant anatomy of the acetabulum. We aimed to present a surgical landmark that is located in close proximity to the usual location of labral pathology as an alternative to the midpoint of the transverse acetabular ligament as a reference point. METHODS Fourteen fresh-frozen cadaveric hemipelves were dissected to evaluate osseous landmarks and relevant surrounding soft-tissue structures of the acetabulum. With use of a coordinate-measuring device, we determined the location, orientation, and relationship of key arthroscopic landmarks and the footprint areas formed by the insertions of the rectus femoris, capsule, and labrum. RESULTS An analysis of variability of reference points around the acetabulum in relation to the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) revealed that the superior margin of the anterior labral sulcus (psoas-u) was the most consistent anatomic landmark. The AIIS comprised superior and inferior facets, demarcated by the origins of the direct head of the rectus femoris and the iliocapsularis. The inferolateral corner of the footprint of the direct head of the rectus femoris was located 19.2 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.0 to 20.4 mm) from the acetabular rim and the inferolateral aspect of the iliocapsularis footprint, 12.5 mm (95% CI, 10.1 to 15.0 mm) from the rim. CONCLUSIONS The superior margin of the anterior labral sulcus (psoas-u) was a reliable landmark for reference of the clock face on the acetabulum. We propose that this point, denoting 3:00, be adopted as the new standard clock-face reference for intra-articular hip structures because of its universal presence and reliable arthroscopic visualization. This marker is also beneficial because of its proximity to the typical location of labral pathology. The data presented provide a comprehensive analysis of pertinent arthroscopically relevant acetabular anatomy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The establishment of a new standard reference point within the acetabulum will enhance the consistency of interpretation of the location of labral pathology and improve arthroscopic orientation and navigation.
Effects of social skills training and social milieu treatment on symptoms of schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE The study compared the effects of social skills training and social milieu treatment on symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly on negative symptoms. METHODS Thirty-three patients aged 18 to 55 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to a nine-week program of social skills training or social milieu treatment. Patients were assessed at three-, six-, and nine-week intervals during treatment and at follow-up using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), which measured both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and general psychopathology. RESULTS Fifteen patients completed social skills training, and 13 completed social milieu treatment. Comparison of PANSS scores at different assessment times showed that both treatments were effective in reducing symptoms, but social skills training appeared to be more effective in reducing negative symptoms. No differences were found between treatment groups in relapse rates or in symptom measures at three-month follow-up. However, six-month follow-up data available only for the social skills training group showed that improvement in negative symptoms had begun to decline. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial approaches are a necessary component in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, and social skills training appears to be particularly helpful. The gradual decline in improvement in negative symptoms at six-month follow-up suggests the need for more extended treatment.
Phakic YAG capsulotomy: the penny dropped after the nucleus

but signal from the temporal retina became reduced (Fig. 1b). To achieve good enhancement of both areas of the retina, we performed the ‘zero-delay switch technique’ as follows (Fig. 1c): a linear OCT scan with 100-frame averaging was initiated in the standard mode. After 50 frames averaging, a manual switch to the EDI mode was made. Using a mouse, the EDI mode button on the screen can be toggled on or off with a single click. Manual switch is done by clicking on the EDI mode button after 50 frames have been averaged, and then wait until the remaining 50 frames have been processed (averaging a total of 100 frames) before tapping the ‘acquire image’ button on the manual control. The image was acquired once the second half of the frame averaging was completed or once good enhancement of the structures on the opposite sides of the tilted retina was obtained. Switching modes midway through the frame-averaging process had the effect of maximizing the signal strength from all tissue depths to produce an optimized combined image. Another advantage of this technique is the minimization of image reversal or mirror artefact that occurs when the retinal image crosses the zero-delay line (compare Fig. 1a and 1b with 1c). This artefact is often seen with very anterior structures (in standard scanning mode) or posterior structures (in EDI scanning mode) and in high myopia because of the increased axial length and curvature of the eye. The technique also was used to enhance the vertical slice OCT images of an eye with posterior staphyloma (Fig. 2a–c). A limitation of this technique is that it can only be applied to single linear scans. Because a manual switch to the EDI mode has to be made midway through the frame averaging, the current software does not allow this manoeuvre to be practicable in volume scan acquisition modes. It may also be difficult to apply this technique in cases where the retina gradient is extreme because of vertical pixel number restrictions and limited scan depth of 1.9 mm on the Spectralis SD-OCT. Although other platforms such as the Zeiss Cirrus that recently incorporated EDI into their software, they do not have the option of making a manual switch midway through image averaging. Swept source OCT does not have the rapid signal to noise ratio drop off and therefore does not suffer from image degradation, and hence both choroidal and vitreous structures can be imaged simultaneously with similar signal to noise ratio. The zero-delay switch technique described here is valuable for attaining high-quality images where there is significant curvature of the posterior pole and for visualizing the vitreoretinal interface, and retinal and choroidoscleral structures simultaneously in a single-line high-definition OCT scan.
Development of choroidal neovascularization in rats with advanced intense cyclic light-induced retinal degeneration.

OBJECTIVES To study the progressive changes of intense cyclic light-induced retinal degeneration and to determine whether it results in choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS Albino rats were exposed to 12 hours of 3000-lux cyclic light for 1, 3, or 6 months. Fundus examination, fundus photography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography were performed prior to euthanization. Light-exposed animals were euthanized after 1, 3, or 6 months for histopathological evaluation. Retinas were examined for the presence of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal- and nitrotyrosine-modified proteins by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Long-term intense cyclic light exposure resulted in retinal degeneration with loss of the outer segments of photoreceptors and approximately two-thirds of the outer nuclear layer as well as development of subretinal pigment epithelium neovascularization after 1 month. Almost the entire outer nuclear layer was absent with the presence of CNV, which penetrated the Bruch membrane and extended into the outer retina after 3 months. Absence of the outer nuclear layer, multiple foci of CNV, retinal pigment epithelial fibrous metaplasia, and connective tissue bands containing blood vessels extending into the retina were observed after 6 months. All intense light-exposed animals showed an increased presence of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and nitrotyrosine staining. Optical coherence tomographic and angiographic studies confirmed retinal thinning and leakiness of the newly formed blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that albino rats develop progressive stages of retinal degeneration and CNV after long-term intense cyclic light exposure, allowing the detailed study of the pathogenesis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ability to study the progressive pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and CNV will provide detailed knowledge about the disease and aid in the development of target-specific therapy.
Stress analysis of silicon wafer based photovoltaic modules in operation

One cause of failure in PV modules is delamination in the interfaces. After lamination, when layers of PV materials are bonded together at about 145 °C and subsequently cooled down, residual stresses are induced due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). When the PV laminate is subsequently framed and exposed to sunlight, the temperature distribution induced in the module will redistribute the residual stresses. The main objective of this paper is to employ finite element analysis to determine the stress distribution induced in the PV module during operation. Differences in stresses developed in modules with float glass covers and those with tempered glass covers were determined.
Comment on "Precision global measurements of London penetration depth in FeTe0.58Se0.42"

Cho et al. [Phys. Rev. B 84, 174502 (2011)] have reported on the temperature dependence of the London penetration depth deduced from tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) measurements in optimally doped Fe(Se,Te) single crystals. According to their analysis, these measurements could suggest a nodeless two-gap pairing symmetry with strong pair-breaking effects. However, to reach this conclusion, the authors fit the temperature dependence of the superfluid density with a two band clean limit model, which is incompatible with the presence of strong pair-breaking effects, deduced from the T n temperature dependence of the London penetration depth below Tc/3. Moreover, they claim that their results are also ruling out the suggestion that surface conditions can significantly affect the TDO data, but this conclusion is based on one very specific damaging process and completely ignores the large dispersion in the previously published TDO data.
A Fifth Order Compact Difference Method for Singularly Perturbed Singular Boundary Value Problems

In this paper, we have developed a fifth order compact difference method for a class of singularly perturbed singular two-point boundary value problems. To avoid the singularity at zero a terminal boundary condition in the implicit form is derived. Using this condition as one of the boundary condition we solve the singularly perturbed singular two-point boundary value problem by the fifth order compact difference scheme. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the proposed method and compared with exact solution.
Comparison of different lasers in the treatment of precancerous lesions of the oral cavity

Various treatment procedures for precancerous lesions in the oral cavity have been reported: excision surgery, electrocoagulation, cryosurgery, laser surgery, the local use of corticoids and administration of vitamin A. The main objective in the treatment of precancerous lesions of the oral cavity is to remove potentially neoplastic cells due to the possibility of recurrence and/or malignant transformation from those cells. Lasers are widely accepted and used in medicine and dentistry due to their benefi cial eff ects: coagulation properties (less perioperative and postoperative bleeding), and less postoperative pain and oedema. Furthermore, laser therapy results in good and fast healing process, a low level of patient’s discomfort during and after surgical intervention, as well as rapid disappearance of postsurgical symptoms. Pubmed was searched in order to fi nd out published papers in the last 20 years (1996-2016) regarding the usage of various lasers in the treatment of precancerous lesions of the oral cavity. Using the terms “laser” and “oral precancerous lesion” 27 articles were found in the searched period. Since the oral leukoplakia is the most precancerous condition in the oral cavity, next search was based on the terms “laser” and “oral leukoplakia” when 122 articles were found. Review articles and clinical trials written on the English language were included in presented systematic review.
FLYING FOXES AS CARRIERS OF PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA SPECIES

Recent serologic studies have identified flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) as carriers of leptospirosis; however, little is known about the role of flying foxes as carriers of pathogenic Leptospira spp. To determine if Australian Pteropus spp. are carriers of pathogenic Leptospira spp. , TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect leptospiral DNA in kidney and urine specimens from four species of flying fox, including the spectacled flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus), black flying fox (Pteropus alecto), grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), and little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus). Of the 173 kidney samples tested, 19 (11%) were positive for leptospiral DNA. Positive individuals were detected in all four species; significant differences in prevalence were not detected between species, between species within the same geographic area, or between geographically separated samples from the same species. Of the 46 urine samples tested, 18 (39%) tested positive by PCR, confirming that flying foxes shed leptospires into the environment. The detection of leptospiral DNA in the kidneys and urine of flying foxes suggests that flying foxes are carriers of pathogenic Leptospira spp. No evidence collected in the present study, however, suggests that flying foxes pose a significant risk of leptospirosis to the wider community or that humans who are in regular, close contact with flying foxes are at risk for leptospirosis.
A Comparison of Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein Values in Young Adults Who Die Suddenly and Unexpectedly from Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease With Other Noncardiac Deaths

Postmortem blood lipid and lipoprotein analyses were conducted in a case-controlled study of young adults (ages 22–43) who died suddenly and unexpectedly of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. None of the individuals in the study group (n = 28 cases) had a significant medical or cardiac history except in the immediate antemortem period. The control group (n = 31) consisted of age- and sex-matched cohorts who died of noncardiac related fatalities and who had no evidence of CAD. The results indicated a male-to-female ratio of nearly 30:1 with a marked predominance of young white men. Mean total cholesterol (241 mg/dL), triglycerides (583 mg/dL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (107 mg/dL) were all significantly elevated in the study group as compared to controls (p<0.001, p<0.018, and p<0.001 for the three parameters, respectively). Mean Apolipoprotein B (98.7 mg/dL) was also significantly elevated compared to control values (p<0.001). By contrast, mean high-density lipoprotein values (36 mg/dL) were not significantly different from control values (p = 0.35), and mean values of Apolipoproteins A1 (121 mg/dL) and A2 (37.6 mg/dL) were essentially identical to control values (p = 0.44 and p = 0.64, respectively). The differences in these biochemical markers between the two groups could not be explained by differences in postmortem interval or by the presence of recently ingested food. These findings indicate that elevations of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and Apolipoprotein B are important biochemical markers for the development of early and apparently clinically silent yet life-threatening coronary artery disease.
The effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine on human neutrophil functions.

UNLABELLED Neutrophil functions are inhibited by various anesthetics. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine, alpha2-agonists, are often used as adjuncts to anesthesia. Thus, we conducted the current study to determine the effect of clonidine, dexmedetomidine, and xylazine at clinically (or veterinary anesthetically) relevant concentrations (and 10 and 100 times these concentrations) on several aspects of human neutrophil functions using an in vitro system. The three alpha2-agonists had no effects on chemotaxis, phagocytosis, or superoxide anion (O2-) production of neutrophils, except that the highest concentration of clonidine inhibited chemotaxis. Increases in intracellular calcium concentrations in neutrophils stimulated by chemotaxin were not influenced by clonidine, dexmedetomidine, or xylazine. Unchanged calcium concentrations may contribute to failure to modulate the neutrophil functions. In addition, these drugs did not scavenge O2- generated by the cell-free (xanthine-xanthine oxidase) system. This is the first report concerning the effect of clonidine or dexmedetomidine on human neutrophil functions. Our findings suggest that we may not have to take extra precautions in using the alpha2-agonists in patients with infection, but that we cannot expect these drugs to be prophylaxis against autotissue injuries whose pathogenesis includes activation of neutrophils. IMPLICATIONS Neutrophils are involved in the antibacterial host defense system and autotissue injury. We found that clinically relevant concentrations of clonidine and dexmedetomidine do not affect chemotaxis, phagocytosis, or superoxide production by human neutrophils. These findings indicate that it may not be necessary to take special care in using alpha2-agonists in patients with infection, sepsis, or systemic inflammation.
Bicycle helmet promotion among low income preschool children

Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted bicycle helmet promotion program for low income children attending preschool enrichment programs throughout Washington State. Study sample—Preschool Head Start programs that conducted routine home visits among their enrolled families at least five times during the school year were eligible. Eighteen sites and 880 children met this criterion and were able and willing to carry out evaluation activities. Two hundred children were from control sites where no helmet promotion activities were carried out. Intervention—Classroom activities with children, education of parents during school meetings and home visits, fitting and distribution of helmets, a bicycle skills and safety “rodeo” event, and requiring children to wear helmets while riding on school grounds. Evaluation methods—Regularly scheduled home visits were used to observe helmet use of enrolled preschool children before and after the promotion program. Home visitors requested parental permission for enrolled children to ride, and then noted whether the child wore a helmet. Results—Helmet use in the intervention group more than doubled, from 43% to 89%, while use in the control group increased from 42% to 60% (p<0.05 for intervention group changes v control group changes). Conclusions—This multifaceted helmet promotion program successfully increased helmet use. Similar home visit protocols may be useful to evaluate the impact of other injury intervention programs.
Progress in understanding ventilator-induced lung injury.

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