Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power Optimized Differential Conditional Capturing Flip-Flop for Clock Distribution Network

The operation of low/full swing LC resonant clocking scheme helps in reducing the overall power of the system by introducing a modern new flip-flop. The proposed dual mode low/full-swing differential conditional capturing flip-flop (LF-CCFF) operates with a low/full- swing sinusoidal clock through the utilization of reduced swing inverters at the clock port. The functionality of the proposed (LF-CC) flip-flop was verified at extreme corners through simulation with parasitic extracted from layout. The LF-CCFF enables 5.5% reduction in power compared to the single mode full-swing flip-flop with 26% area overhead. The power has been calculated by using TSMC 180-nm CMOS technology. In addition, a frequency dependent delay associated with driving pulsed flip-flops with a low/full-swing sinusoidal clock has been characterized. The LF-CCFF has compared to the full- swing flip-flop both having the same setup time for a 100 MHz sinusoidal clock. The functionality of the proposed flip-flop was tested and verified by using the LF-CCFF in a dual-mode multiply and accumulate (MAC) unit fabricated in TSMC 70-nm CMOS technology.
The Study of Ideology in The Handmaids' Tale Based on Althusser's View

Ideology has always been the most vital apparatus for each government and dominant groups of society to keep their superior position so that every inferior subject could remain obedient and live like a programmed machine that is required to operate according to some fixed and rigid codes. Sometimes these codes are so apparent and tangible in the society that breaking them would result in sheer oppression such as impressment, exile and even execution. However in modern era the controlling and domination are not applied through force and physical attempts yet it does not mean it ceased to exist. The traditional ways of oppression are not extinct; yet they remain in new forms, tools and weapons which in Althusser’s terminology they are called RSA. Nevertheless there is another difference in modern time; it has been attempted to control the minds of people through other less vivid weapons. These weapons could poison the minds of subjects and control and train them in a way that dominant groups want without taking any violent action. This method of controlling mind is ISA in Althusser’s view. The handmaid’s tale (1988) mostly concerns with the ideology of ruling class and the way the ruling class shows the ideology to subjects by force and discourse shapes the way through which suppressed class perceives the world. The main character of this novel who is a woman is oppressed in different ways and her identity and believes are influenced by the ideology of the society consciously and unconsciously. Since the story takes place in Gilead as one small part of the world, it could be symbol of other societies and the analysis of that society can be extended to other parts of the world so this is a microcosmic study.
Moore–Penrose Estimators of Age–Period–Cohort Effects: Their Interrelationship and Properties

The intrinsic estimator (IE) has become a widely used tool for the analysis of age–period–cohort (APC) data in sociology, demography, and other fields. However, it has been recently recognized that the IE is a subtype of a larger class of estimators based on the Moore–Penrose generalized inverse (MP estimators) and that different estimators can lead to radically divergent estimates of the true, unknown APC effects. To clarify the differences and similarities of MP estimators, we introduce a canonical form of the linear constraints imposed on the true temporal effects. Using this canonical form, we compare the IE to related MP estimators, examining the conditions under which they recover the true temporal effects, the impact of the size and sign of nonlinearities on the estimated linear effects, and their sensitivity to the number of age, period, and cohort categories. We show that two MP estimators, which we call the difference estimator (DE) and the orthogonal estimator (OE), impose constraints that are both less sensitive and easier to interpret than those of the IE. We conclude with practical guidelines for researchers interested in using MP estimators to estimate temporal effects.
A psychological scale to measure the attitude of elected women towards grass root self governance (Panchayati Raj) system in Tamil Nadu, India

This paper dealt with the steps involved in developing a psychological scale for assessing the attitude of elected women towards grass root self governance (Panchayati raj) in Tamil nadu, India. The Panchayati raj is the system of village level (Gram panchayat), block level (panchayat samiti) and district level (Zilla parishad) councils, members elected by the people, carrying out administration activities. Due to the provision of one-third reservations, entry of women in grass root politics was ensured. But the attitude of the women members could influence their participation either positively or negatively. Hence the present attempt was made to construct psychological scale to measure the positive or negative attitude of elected women members towards Panchayati raj system. The scale was constructed following Likert’s method of summated rating technique. Based on the highest ‘t’ values of more than 1.96 and other guidelines, totally 12 statements (6 positive and 6 negative statements) covering the universe of Panchayati raj were selected and administered. Key words: Panchayati raj (self governance), political empowerment, attitude, summated rating.
Sensitivity of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to the melting from northern glaciers in climate change experiments

A weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the next century is simulated by most state‐of‐the‐art coupled models but none of them accounted for land‐ice melting. Here we evaluate the impact of this melting on future climate projection using the IPSL‐CM4 coupled ocean‐atmosphere model. For this purpose we use two different versions of the model, one with a crude land‐ice melting parameterization, and the other without. The analysis compares results of experiments where atmospheric CO2 increases by 1%/yr, performed with the two versions of this model. The AMOC is reduced by 47% when the melting of land‐ice is considered, and represents an extreme melting scenario. This reduction is of 21% without this melting. It is shown that this difference in AMOC impacts the northern hemisphere mostly through the sea‐ice cover feedback.
Anthropogenic Noise and Cetacean Interactions in the 21st Century: a Contemporary Review of the Impacts of Environmental Noise Pollution on Cetacean Ecologies

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact pdxscholar@pdx.edu. Recommended Citation Gordon, Caitlin, "Anthropogenic Noise and Cetacean Interactions in the 21st Century: A Contemporary Review of the Impacts of Environmental Noise Pollution on Cetacean Ecologies" (2018). University Honors Theses. Paper 625.
The Meridiani Face on Mars

The Meridian Face has some similar features to the Cydonia and Crowned Faces such as having a crown. It is similar to the Nefertiti formation in that it seems to be made of dark soil, dunes in this case. Some dark dune fields can migrate large distances in Meridiani Planum, others remain confined in larger craters perhaps by shielding them from the wind. This can allow for the formation to be very old and remain intact. The similarity between the Crowned Face in the King’s Valley Libya Montes and the Meridiani Face was originally shown with an overall. The implicit hypothesis was that a new overlay would match the two faces even more closely, this has been borne out with the Crowned Face HiRise image and the Meridiani Face CTX image.
Multiprogramming and the Next Generation of Microprocessors

The next generation of multiprocessors in PC’s is currently being designed. The new design will be a departure from previous designs which relied for product upgrades and improvements on being able to increase, with each new generation of processor, the number of switches and gates which could be added to a silicon chip. The problems of heat caused by increasing the electrical activity within circuits of diminishing size has now placed a limit on further miniaturization. So so-called multicore microprocessors will replace single complicated processors with multiple processors which are each conceptually simpler. These multiple processors are intended to run simultaneously and asynchronously and thereby increase computing power while, at the same time, reducing hardware complexity and thus controlling the problem of destructive heat. However, this simultaneity presents enormous problems for the programmer of such devices. The traditional von Neumann Architecture for computer processor design is essentially linear and sequential and so conventional programming techniques have been developed for it. Thus most modern programming languages are not suited to non-sequential applications. Thus the programming of the multicore machine will require new programming methods and solutions to exploit its non-sequential mode of operation. At present these do not exist and a major research effort is currently underway to solve the software problems of asynchronous computing. This paper describes the conventional approaches to multiprocessor computing and outlines the problems and opportunities of a new paradigm for programming a multiprocessing microprocessor working non-sequentially.
Data Mining Models of High Dimensional Data Streams, and Contemporary Concept Drift Detection Methods: a Comprehensive Review

Concept drift is defined as the distributed data across multiple data streams that change over the time. Concept drift is visible only when the type of collected data changes after some stable period. The emergence of concept drift in data streams leads to increase misclassification and performing degradation of data streams. In order to obtain accurate results, identification of such concept drifts must be visible. This paper focused on a review of the issues related to identifying the changes occurred in the various multivariate high dimensional data streams. The insight of the manuscript is probing the inbuilt difficulties of existing contemporary change-detection methods when they encounter during data dimensions scales.
Innovation and Customer Retention in the Ghanaian telecommunication industry

The competition within the telecommunication sector is increasing day by day in Ghana and therefore requires the telecom operators to be more adept in their strategic approach to meet the growing demands of customers. Effective innovation is believed to be key in the approach of wining and maintaining customers. This paper examines the effect of innovation on customer retention in the telecommunication industry in Ghana. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires to 365 customers of 6 telecommunication companies in Accra, Ghana. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were employed to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The result shows that there is positive and significant relationship between innovation and customer retention. The study also discloses that service innovation, process innovation, and marketing innovation were the key determinants of customer retention. The study found service innovation to be a significant chief driver of customer retention. The study recommends that telecommunication companies who desire to improve upon the level of customer retention should invest much in service innovation, process innovation, and marketing innovation.
A Study on Adoption of Internet Banking among Customers of Public and Private Sector Banks in North Gujarat

The purpose of this study is to understand that which factors significantly influencing the adoption of the internet banking among the customers of public sector bank and private sector banks in North Gujarat. Adoption of internet banking by the consumers of the banking sectors are increasing in the present era. Under the current study researchers had reviewed the past literatures in the field of the adoption of the internet banking among the consumers of banks around the world. Also, it can be seen that there are various studies related to adoption of the internet banking has been done in India. After the review of literature on hand, the data was collected though questionnaires from various people over the regions in the North Gujarat. After the data analysis researchers derived the results that the factors significantly influencing adoption of internet banking in North Gujarat are perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, awareness of internet banking, quality of internet connection and computer selfefficacy. The attitude toward the use of internet banking and perceived usefulness can be used to predict the intention to use internet banking by users. X -
Robust Statistical Pearson Correlation Diagnostics for Bitcoin Exchange Rate with Trading Volume: An Analysis of High Frequency Data in High Volatility Environment

Crptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security, transfer process and storage in ledger. This paper is to validate the correlation between exchange rate changes and trading volume changes. Data selected for this study is hourly data starting from 4 November 2017 until 7 November 2017. Methodology implemented in this study started with normality diagnostics and followed by correlation diagnostic. In this study, Pearson correlation calculation is implemented to evaluate the association between two variables namely exchange rate and trading volume. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of the strength of the association between the two variables. Result shows the coefficient of association is 0.123. Therefore, this study proved that the association between exchange rate changes and trading volume changes is very weak association. This value occurred because there is high volatility in hourly data and existence of outliers. The significant of this finding will help investors to recognize the relationship between trading volume and exchange rate. Therefore, it will help investors to make better decision in developing investment portfolio.
A Functional Role for Microglia in Epilepsy

Microglia are the immune competent cells of the CNS and comprise the major mechanism of self-defense against brain injury, infections and disease. Activation of microglia occur as a response to these insults, and both neurotoxic and neuroprotective factors can be released (Streit et al., 1999, Streit, 2002, Schwartz, 2003, Schwartz et al., 2006). There is a great deal of evidence suggesting that microglia have a role in neurodegenerative diseases, either to promote the pathology, or to counter it. However in the case of epilepsy, specific questions still remain including how, why, and when microglia are activated. In this first section, we will provide a general introduction to the role of activated microglia in the central nervous system (CNS). In subsequent sections, we will specifically discuss evidence of a functional role for microglia in epilepsy. In the normal brain, the majority of microglia are in the resting, or quiescent ramified state. This shape with their long processes, allows them to quickly assess and respond to CNS injury or pathogens. During excitotoxic insult or inflammation, microglia become activated. This activation is manifested morphologically by retraction of their processes and changing to a rounded amoeboid morphology. Microglia also become proliferative and migratory. Their electrophysiological characteristics are altered and the expression of potassium, proton, sodium, calcium and chloride currents changes (Eder, 1998, Ducharme et al., 2007, Averaimo et al., 2010, Skaper, 2011). Once activated, the primary function of microglia is to return injured tissue to homeostasis (Streit and Xue, 2009), but this is a double edged sword, as their presence can be both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ for neurons. These effects are complex and overlapping, and not necessarily mutually exclusive. In an effort to protect surviving cells during pathological conditions, microglia have been shown to ‘execute’ damaged or dying neurons injured from excitotoxicity in order to protect nearby cells from lytic release of toxic intracellular contents. Thus, microglia will facilitate local tissue repair by phagocytosing these cells and cell debris. This occurs through initial mobilization of cells near the site of injury and recruitment of distant microglia into the damaged area, which release proinflammatory mediators. At appropriately minimal and transient microglial activation, this process is ultimately neuroprotective (Vilhardt, 2005). However unregulated hyperactivation and release of toxic factors, such as nitric oxide (NO),
Is More Precise Dating of Paleoindian Expansion Feasible?

Recent efforts to precisely date the florescence of the Clovis culture in North America have been hampered by both practical and theoretical problems: 1) The era of Clovis expansion (about 11,200–10,700 BP or 13,200–12,700 cal BP) coincides with the gap between the anchored central European tree-ring sequence (back to 12,400 cal BP) and the floating Bølling-Allerød sequence; 2) Clovis seems to immediately precede the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) stadial. The “black mats” of the US Southwest appear to mark the regional occurrence of this climatic downturn. However, the timing and means of long-distance propagation of this climatic event are not yet well understood. Greenland ice cores (GISP2, GRIP, and NGRIP) remain poorly synchronized, with a discrepancy of 100 to 250 yr for the date of onset (as late as 12,700 cal BP, or as early as 12,950 cal BP); 3) The YD onset was accompanied by a rapid drop of radiocarbon ages from 11,000 to 10,600 BP in less than a century. The mechanism causing this was probably a change in overturning circulation in the North Atlantic. Do variable Clovis ages, often from what appear to be single-occupation contexts, reflect this “cliff” effect, slightly earlier minor reversals during the late Allerød, or simply the practical limitations of precision of the 14C method? 4) Dates for Fishtail or Fell I sites (with fluted, stemmed points) in southern South America are statistically indistinguishable from Clovis dates in North America. Does this imply very rapid population expansion, diffusion of tool-making techniques through long-established local populations (as argued by Waters and Stafford 2007), or abnormally large interhemispheric 14C offsets? 5) Are recent ostensibly high-precision collagen-derived dates for Paleoindian-associated fauna (e.g. horse and mammoth) reliable? Are interlaboratory blind tests of the new filtration processes necessary?
Immunotoxicity of ochratoxin A and citrinin in New Zealand White rabbits.

In the present study, the effects of ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and their combination on the immunological parameters were studied in 6-8 weeks old New Zealand White rabbits at 60 d post-intoxication. Thirty two rabbits were divided into four groups of eight. OTA, CIT and a combination of the two were given at 0.75 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 0.75 plus 15 mg/kg, in feed respectively for up to 60 d of the trial. Other fourth group was used as a control, being fed standard toxin free feed. The toxin treated animals showed a signifi cant decline in antibody titres to sheep red blood cells. The reduction in the cell mediated immune response was more signifi cant in the OTA and combination groups as observed in the skin hypersensitivity test and the lymphocyte proliferation assay. The citrinin-treated rabbits failed to show any signifi cant changes following the lymphocyte transformation assay and the delayed type hypersensitivity test. Histologically, the cellular (mononuclear cells) reaction in the skin in the treated groups was comparatively lesser than that of the control group. Thus, the present study in rabbits indicated signifi cantly lower humoral and cellular immune responses in the OTA and combination groups.
Modeling Circuits With Operational Transconductance Amplifiers Using Wave Digital Filters

In this paper, we show how to expand the class of audio circuits that can be modeled using Wave Digital Filters (WDFs) to those involving operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). Two types of behavioral OTA models are presented and both are shown to be compatible with the WDF approach to circuit modeling. As a case study, an envelope filter guitar effect based around OTAs is modeled using WDFs. The modeling results are shown to be accurate when to compared to state of the art circuit simulation methods.
Checking the price tag on catastrophe: The social cost of carbon under non-linear climate response

Research into the social cost of carbon emissions — the marginal social damage from a ton of emitted carbon — has tended to focus on “best guess” scenarios. Such scenarios generally ignore the potential for low-probability, high-damage events, which are critically important to determining optimal climate policy. This paper uses the FUND integrated assessment model to investigate the influence of three types of non-linear climate responses on the social cost of carbon: the collapse of the thermohaline circulation; the dissociation of oceanic methane hydrates; and climate sensitivities above “best guess” levels. We find that incorporating these impacts can increase the social cost of carbon by a factor of 20. Furthermore, our results suggest that the exclusive focus on thermohaline circulation collapse in the non-linear climate response literature is unwarranted, because other potential non-linear climate responses appear to be significantly more costly.
Symmetry projection, geometry and choice of the basis

A geometrical point of view of symmetry adapted projection to irreducible subspaces is presented. The projection is applied in two stages. The first step consists in projecting over subspaces spanning irreducible representations (irreps) of the symmetry group, while the second projection is carried out over the irreps of a subgroup defined through a suitable group chain. It is shown that choosing different chains is equivalent to propose alternative bases (passive point of view), while changing the projected function corresponds to the active point of view where the vector to be projected is rotated. Because of the importance of choosing the appropriate basis, an approach based on the concept of invariant operators to obtain the basis for discrete groups is presented. We show that this approach is analogue to the case of continuum groups and it is closely related to the definition of quantum numbers. The importance of these concepts is illustrated through the effect of symmetry breaking. Because of the deep insight into the group theory concepts, we believe the presented viewpoint helps to understand the main ingredients involved in group representation theory using the latest advances in the subject for discrete groups.
Impacts of Wind Turbine Proximity on Property Values in Massachusetts

LBNL-XXXX E RNEST O RLANDO L AWRENCE B ERKELEY N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Impacts of Wind Turbine Proximity on Property Values in Massachusetts Carol Atkinson-Palombo University of Connecticut Ben Hoen Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Environmental Energy Technologies Division August 2013 This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind & Water Power Program, within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123.