Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Kohn–Vogelius formulation for solving an inverse source problem

An inverse source problem related to the Poisson equation is the main concern of this work. Specifically, we deal with the reconstruction of a mass distribution in a geometrical domain from a partial boundary measurement of the associated potential. The considered problem is motivated by various applications such as the identification of geological anomalies underneath the Earth's surface. The proposed approach is based on the Kohn–Vogelius formulation and the topological derivative method. An explicit second-order sensitivity related to circular shaped anomalies is calculated for different examples of the Kohn–Vogelius type functional. Then, the optimal location and size of the unknown support of the mass distribution are characterized as the solution to a minimization problem. The resulting reconstruction procedure is non-iterative and robust with respect to noisy data. Finally, we produce numerical results from four different examples of the Kohn–Vogelius type functional. The results first demonstrate the method and then compare the robustness of each functional in solving the inverse source problem.
Counselors network for intrusion detection

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are a fundamental component of defense solutions. In particular, IDSs aim to detect malicious activities on computer systems and networks by relying on data classification models built from a training dataset. However, classifiers' performance can vary for each attack pattern. A common technique to overcome this issue is to use ensemble methods, where multiple classifiers are employed and a final decision is taken combining their outputs. Despite the potential advantages of such an approach, its usefulness is limited in scenarios where (i) multiple expert classifiers present divergent results, (ii) all classifiers present poor results due to lack of representative features, or (iii) detectors have insufficient labeled signatures to train their classifiers for a specific attack pattern. In this work, we introduce the concept of a counselors network to deal with conflicts from different classifiers by exploiting the collaboration among IDSs that analyze multiple and heterogeneous data sources. Empirical results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture in improving the accuracy of the intrusion detection process.
The Origins, Implications, and Consequences of Yield-Based Nitrogen Fertilizer Management

We examine the origins, implications, and consequences of yield-based N fertilizer management. Yield-based algorithms have dominated N fertilizer management of corn (Zea mays) in the United States for almost 50 yr, and similar algorithms have been used all over the world to make fertilizer recommendations for other crops. Beginning in the mid-1990s, empirical research started to show that yield-based rules-of-thumb in general are not a useful guide to fertilizer management. Yet yield-based methods continue to be widely used, and are part of the principal algorithms of nearly all current “decision tool” software being sold to farmers for N management. We present details of the theoretical and empirical origins of yield-based management algorithms, which were introduced by George Stanford (1966, 1973) as a way to make N fertilizer management less reliant on data. We show that Stanford’s derivation of his “1.2 Rule” was based on very little data, questionable data omissions, and negligible and faulty statistical analysis. We argue that, nonetheless, researchers, outreach personnel, and private-sector crop management consultants were obliged to give some kind of N management guidance to farmers. Since data generation is costly, it is understandable that a broad, “ball park” rule-of-thumb was developed, loosely based on agronomic principles. We conclude by suggesting that technology changes now allow for exciting new possibilities in data-intensive fertilizer management research, which may lead to more efficient N management possibilities in the near future.
New Avenues in the Design of Sialyltransferase Inhibitors

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The first specimen of Archaeopteryx from the Upper Jurassic Mörnsheim Formation of Germany

ABSTRACT From an initial isolated position as the oldest evolutionary prototype of a bird, Archaeopteryx has, as a result of recent fossil discoveries, become embedded in a rich phylogenetic context of both more and less crownward stem-group birds. This has prompted debate over whether Archaeopteryx is simply a convergently bird-like non-avialan theropod. Here we show, using the first synchrotron microtomographic examination of the genus, that the eighth or Daiting specimen of Archaeopteryx possesses a character suite that robustly constrains it as a basal avialan (primitive bird). The specimen, which comes from the Mörnsheim Formation and is thus younger than the other specimens from the underlying Solnhofen Formation, is distinctive enough to merit designation as a new species, Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi sp. nov., but is recovered in close phylogenetic proximity to Archaeopteryx lithographica. Skeletal innovations of the Daiting specimen, such as fusion and pneumatization of the cranial bones, well vascularized pectoral girdle and wing elements, and a reinforced configuration of carpals and metacarpals, suggest that it may have had more characters seen in flying birds than the older Archaeopteryx lithographica. These innovations appear to be convergent on those of more crownward avialans, suggesting that Bavarian archaeopterygids independently acquired increasingly bird-like traits over time. Such mosaic evolution and iterative exploration of adaptive space may be typical for major functional transitions like the origin of flight.
Familiarization and Reliability of the Isometric Knee Extension Test for Rapid Force Production Assessment

Despite the rising interest in the use of portable force sensors during isometric exercises to inform on neuromuscular performance, the design of practical field-based methods to obtain reliable measures is an ongoing challenge. We aim at identifying the intra-session and test-retest reliability of a rapid, isometric knee extension test to evaluate the maximal voluntary concentric force (MVC), rate of force development (RFD) and impulse following a field-based approach. On two occasions, 14 athletes unfamiliar with the test completed three sets of 2 s ballistic contractions (as fast and hard as possible) with 30 s rest. Raw and filtered data were collected in real time using a portable force sensor. RFD and impulse were highly reliability during “late” phases of the contraction (0–250 ms) since the first session (coefficient of variation (CV) < 9.8%). Earlier phases (0–150 ms) achieved a moderate reliability after one familiarization session (CV < 7.1%). Measures at 0–50 ms did not reach sufficient reliability (CV~14%). MVC was accurately assessed. Dominant limbs were not importantly altered by the familiarization. In opposite, non-dominant limbs showed large variations. New evidence is provided about the positive effects of a single familiarization session to improve the reliability the isometric knee extension test for rapid force production assessment. Coaches and practitioners may benefit of from these findings to conduct practical and reliable assessments of the rapid force production using a portable force sensor and a field-based approach.
Credibility Assessment of Twitter Data using Machine Learning Algorithms

The augmenting of the Internet has brought about data dispersal that turns out to be progressively moderate, implying that clients can get to data from anyplace on the planet utilizing PCs and advanced mobile phones.Data Credibility on Twitter has been a theme of enthusiasm among analysts in the fields of both PC and sociologies. Twitter has made it progressively conceivable to offer close ongoing exchange of data in a very financially savvy way. It is presently being utilized as a wellspring of news among a wide cluster of clients around the world.Data validity has gone under investigation, particularly in interpersonal organizations that are presently being utilized effectively as first wellsprings of data. An ongoing substance credibility assessment system named CredFinder is fit for estimating the dependability of data through client investigation and substance examination. PageRank-like credibility propagation technique is used to evaluate validity data on twitter. No Machine Learning calculations are utilized. The framework proposes another credibility examinationframework for surveying data validity on Twitter to anticipate the expansion of phony or malignant data. The proposed framework comprises of four coordinated segments: a notoriety based part, a believability classifier motor, a client experience segment, and a component positioning calculation. The segments work together in an algorithmic structure to break down and survey the credibility of Twitter tweets and clients.
Development of a Molecular Marker Using GWAS to Select the Resistance Resource for the Yeoncheon Strain Causing Kimchi Cabbage Clubroot Disease

Resistant cultivars have been developed as a response to clubroot disease, which poses a challenge to Kimchi cabbage cultivation in Korea. However, the recent problem of disease vulnerability in resistant varieties has led to collective efforts to promote genetically diverse resistant sources. The National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS, Vegetable Research Division) promotes and conserves resistant resources, and despite using the molecular markers reported thus far in analyzing the resources, a need for novel molecular markers has become apparent owing to the large number of resources that could not be amplified. To address this problem, 96 resources for resistance and vulnerability were selected among the ones conserved at the NIHHS, from which 20,540 SNPs were detected using genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis. Subsequently, a molecular marker associated with resistance to the Yeoncheon strain that causes clubroot disease was developed using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The corresponding gene had an SNP (G↔T) at the 23098380 position of A07, which was used to develop the CAPS marker that can differentiate resistance and susceptibility to the Yeoncheon strain causing clubroot disease. The gene at the position of the CAPS marker was found to be an associated gene within 21 kb, encoding a glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein with four V-type H+-transporting ATPase subunit Gs. In this study, a molecular marker specific for the Yeoncheon strain was developed. Its use, alongside other previously developed markers in selecting resistance resources, is expected to prove useful in the selection of a wide array of disease-resistant breeding sources. Furthermore, the resulting GBS data could be used for future analysis of the resistance genes associated with various strains causing clubroot disease. Additional key words: chinese cabbage, CR (clubroot resistance), dCAPS marker, GBS
Different response of photosynthetic apparatus to high-light stress in sporotrophophyll and nest leaves of Platycerium bifurcatum

Tropical forest deforestation leads to sudden changes in light conditions, which is a problem for the development of epiphytes, such as Platycerium bifurcatum. High light (HL) results in disturbances of the light phase of photosynthesis and changes in leaf pigment composition. The current study determined differences in fast chlorophyll fluorescence transients and changes in radiation reflectance in sporotrophophylls and nest leaves after one and seven days of HL. In addition, a spectral range was identified with the largest change in reflectance induced by HL. Sporotrophophylls exhibited a stronger response of the photosynthetic apparatus to photoinhibition than that of the nest leaves. Moreover, in sporotrophophylls, disorders of electron transport were visible in the whole O-P phase, and in the nest leaves mainly in the O-J phase. Higher accumulation of photoprotective compounds in sporotrophophylls underlined a different reaction to HL.
EFEKTIVITAS LAYANAN KONSELING KELOMPOK DENGAN PENDEKATAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPHY (CBT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF EFFYCACY PADA SISWA SMK PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL DI BEKASI TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of group counseling services with a cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) approach to improve self-efficacy in National Development Vocational High School (SMK) students. This type of research uses pre-experimental design with one group pre-posttest design. The number of subjects used in this study were 8 students of class X TKR (Light Vehicle Engineering). The sampling technique using purposive sampling. Data collection used self-efficacy questionnaire. Data analysis method used is the Paired t Test to test the comparative hypothesis of the average of two samples and find out whether there are differences before and after treatment. The results of the analysis showed a t value of -8.729 with Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000 (Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05) then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted so that the conclusions of the results of this study indicate that: group counseling services with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) approaches are effective for improving self -Efficacy of class X students of the National Development Vocational School.
The role of impaired serum bactericidal activity in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Non Cystic Fibrosis bronchiectasis is characterised by perpetual neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs. The ongoing vicious cycle of bronchiectasis leads to further damage to already damaged airways and is a culmination of repeated infection, inflammation and failure of the host response to maintain sterility of the airway, despite a sophisticated innate and adaptive immune system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly colonises the lungs of patients with bronchiectasis. I hypothesised that the concept of inhibitory antibodies in the serum may be a feature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation through a specific interaction between the host adaptive immune system and strain specific features. Here I have identified a mechanism where some patients colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce IgG2 antibodies specifically against the O antigen of bacterial LPS, which rather than promote complement-mediated killing actually inhibits it.
Comparison of selected milk production traits of Simmental and Polish Black-and-White cows raised in the buffer zone of Ujscie Warty National Park

In the study the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of milk obtained from Simmental cows imported from the Czech Republic (n = 63), their daughters born in Poland (n = 46), and cows of the Polish Black-and-White breed with up to 50 % Holstein-Friesian genes (n = 21) were compared. Actual milk yield, value-corrected milk (VCM) and energy- corrected milk (ECM), as well as fat and protein content in the milk, were compared in 305-day lactation for a one-year period. The udder health of cows was assessed on the basis of the somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk and the log-transformed somatic cell count (LnSCC). Polish Black-and-White cows had the highest actual milk yield and fat yield. Simmentals from the Czech Republic, on the other hand, had the highest average protein yield and the highest VCM yield. The season and the breed and origin of the cows were found to significantly affect the number of milk samples with an elevated SCC. Simmental cows born in Poland had significantly the lowest mean SCC and LnSCC, as compared to both the Czech Simmentals and the Black-and-White breed. The Simmental cows, although their milk yield was lower than that o the Black-and-White breed, had better udder health assessed on the basis of LnSCC and their milk had a more favourable protein-to-fat ratio. Simmental cows can be successfully used on farms adjacent to areas under environmental protection, where intensive agricultural production, including livestock farming, is prohibited.
Teleseismic Tomography for Imaging the Upper Mantle Beneath Northeast China

Tomographic imaging technology is a geophysical inversion method. According to the ray scanning, this method carries on the inversion calculation to the obtained information, and reconstructs the image of the parameter distribution rule of elastic wave and electromagnetic wave in the measured range, so as to delineate the structure of the geological body. In this paper, teleseismic tomography is applied by using seismic travel time data to constrain layered crustal structure where Fast Marching Methods (FMM) and the subspace method are considered as forward and inverse methods, respectively. Based on the travel time data picked up from seismic waveform data in the study region, the P-wave velocity structure beneath Northeast China down to 750 km is obtained. It can be seen that there are low-velocity anomalies penetrating the mantle transition zone under the Changbai volcano group, Jingpohu Volcano, and Arshan Volcano, and these low-velocity anomalies extend to the shallow part. In this paper, it is suggested that the Cenozoic volcanoes in Northeast China were heated by the heat source provided by the dehydration of the subducted Pacific plate and the upwelling of geothermal matter in the lower mantle. The low-velocity anomaly in the north Songliao basin does not penetrate the mantle transition zone, which may be related to mantle convection and basin delamination. According to the low-velocity anomalies widely distributed in the upper mantle and the low-velocity bodies passing through the mantle transition zone beneath the volcanoes, this study suggests that the Cenozoic volcanoes in Northeast China are kindred and have a common formation mechanism.
Modified Round Function of SIMECK 32/64 Block Cipher

Lightweight Block Cipher’s (LBC) various algorithms need to meet the security requirements for all resource-constrained devices and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Various LBC addressed such concerns as the SIMON and SPECK block ciphers, which are known for security and performance. SIMECK, a combination of SIMON and SPECK, shows better performance. However, the SIMECK round function remains a concern. This paper aims to present a modification on the SIMECK round function method simulated on its circular and ARX structure. It took at least seven attempts to reach the appropriate structure. The seventh modification had a circular parameter of (3,5) and a change of right-shift on the structure. The results show that the modified round function achieves 54.58% average on the avalanche effect, the runtime performance of 1.3945ms with a randomness p-value of 0.46931 compared with p-value 0.51512 of the original algorithm. The study explores the ARX structure of LBC, which leads to a good venue to implement with other block ciphers. It is recommended that further evaluation of the modified algorithm will be conducted to test its efficiency, like to verify its vulnerability through different attacks.
Silent Crickets Reveal the Genomic Footprint of Recent Adaptive Trait Loss

Secondary trait loss is widespread and has profound consequences, from generating diversity to driving adaptation. Sexual trait loss is particularly common1. Its genomic impact is challenging to reconstruct because most reversals occurred in the distant evolutionary past and must be inferred indirectly2, and questions remain about the extent of disruption caused by pleiotropy, altered gene expression and loss of homeostasis3. We tested the genomic signature of recent sexual signal loss in Hawaiian field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus. Song loss is controlled by a sex-linked Mendelian locus, flatwing, which feminises male wings by erasing sound-producing veins. This variant spread rapidly under pressure from an eavesdropping parasitoid fly. We sequenced, assembled and annotated the T. oceanicus genome, produced a high-density linkage map, and localised flatwing on the X chromosome. We characterised pleiotropic effects of flatwing, including changes in embryonic gene expression and alteration of another sexual signal, chemical pheromones. Song loss is associated with pleiotropy, hitchhiking and genome-wide regulatory disruption which feminises flatwing male pheromones. The footprint of recent adaptive trait loss illustrates R. A. Fisher’s influential prediction that variants with large mutational effect sizes can invade genomes during the earliest stages of adaptation to extreme pressures, despite having severely disruptive genomic consequences.
Antissepsia cirúrgica das mãos com preparação alcoólica: redução microbiana em diferentes tempos de uso no centro cirúrgico

Objective: To evaluate the microbial reduction after surgical hand antisepsis performed with alcohol solution at different application times among surgeons. Method: This is a pragmatic prevalence field study carried out in a Brazilian tertiary hospital. Microbiological samples were collected from the hands of 54 surgeons after simple washing to determine the baseline microbial flora and after surgical antisepsis with an alcohol solution to evaluate the immediate microbial reduction. We categorized the microbial reduction results as mild (up to 50% bacterial flora reduction), moderate (51 to 80%), and high (more than 80%). The research was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the private hospital (study site) and the federal institution of higher education. Results: Techniques performed in less than 90 seconds showed an 80% high reduction, 6.7% moderate reduction, and 13.3% mild reduction. In applications that lasted more than 180 seconds, all samples presented bacterial count reduction, which did not occur in shorter antisepsis times. Conclusion: When the recommended technique and time are followed, the bacterial reduction is greater compared to lower durations.