Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substituent effects on cation–π interactions: A quantitative study

A synthetic supramolecular complex has been adapted to quantify cation–π interactions in chloroform by using chemical double-mutant cycles. The interaction of a pyridinium cation with the π-face of an aromatic ring is found to be very sensitive to the π-electron density. Electron-donating substituents lead to a strong attractive interaction (−8 kJ/mol−1), but electron-withdrawing groups lead to a repulsive interaction (+2 kJ/mol−1).
Lipid-lowering therapy and coronary artery bypass graft surgery: what are the benefits?

Purpose of review Despite their apparent benefits, statins remain underutilized after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. To summarize the literature regarding statin therapy and CABG, we performed a systematic review of the Medline database from 1987–2011 to assess the benefits of statins in CABG patients, including the role of high-dose therapy, and highlight areas for future study. Recent findings When administered prior to CABG, statins reduce the risk of perioperative mortality, stroke, and atrial fibrillation. After CABG, statins limit the progression of atherosclerosis in native coronary arteries, inhibit the process of saphenous vein graft disease, and improve vein graft patency. Furthermore, postoperative statins reduce the recurrence of cardiovascular events and improve all-cause mortality. High-intensity statin therapy early after surgery may benefit CABG patients, but this is yet to be evaluated prospectively. Summary Statins clearly improve the outcomes of CABG patients. In the absence of contraindications, all patients undergoing CABG are candidates for life-long statin therapy, with initiation recommended as soon as coronary disease is documented. Statins should be restarted early after surgery. However, the optimal postoperative lipid-lowering regimen remains unknown and should be the subject of upcoming trials. Strategies directed toward improving statin prescription rates and patient adherence should also be priorities for future research.
Evolution du controle etranger sous divers regimes de reglementation: multinationales au Canada

Le present document traite de l'incidence du controle etranger sur les branches d'activite non financieres canadiennes. Il est axe sur l'evolution de la part des actifs et des recettes sous controle etranger au cours d'une longue periode durant laquelle le regime canadien de reglementation de l'investissement direct etranger a d'abord ete plus contraignant, puis s'est liberalise. Ces changements reglementaires ont coincide avec un repli, puis une reprise des activites des multinationales etrangeres dans l'industrie canadienne. Nous presentons les resultats agreges pour les branches d'activite non financieres, ainsi que des totalisations particulieres pour le secteur de l'energie. Nous presentons aussi des totalisations par secteur plus detaillees pour la periode allant de 2000 a 2003.
Solving cold start problem in tag-based recommender systems using discrete imperialist competitive algorithm

Recommender systems detect users' favorites based on their past behavior and provide them with proper suggestions; however, these systems would encounter problems while dealing with users with low or empty usage data. This issue leads to the most prominent challenge of such systems called cold start. In thispaper, we proposea system based on which a modified discrete imperialist competitive algorithm where tags are clustered using K-medoids algorithm. When a new user logs in and enters his/her tags then the system will suggest just a few sources with the largest weight. Experimental results demonstrate improvement of evaluation criteria for recommender system in comparison with other methods.
Full rank spatial channel estimation at millimeter wave systems

Spatial channel estimation (CE) for hybrid beamforming architecture is one of the crucial challenges for millimeter wave (mmW) links. The limited beamwidth makes the CE incapable of resolving multiple channel paths from the same cluster when the angular spread is less than or equal to the beamwidth. Therefore, how to efficiently obtain reliable links which provide maximum spatial degree-of-freedom gain for data transmission is the key technology. To this end, a novel CE method to estimate full rank array response matrices is presented. The full rank array response matrices lead to the full rank reconstructed channel matrix, which provides the maximum spatial degree-of-freedom gain of the sparse mmW channels. Compared with the previously proposed CE methods which use transmit or receive diversity rather than spatial degrees of freedom, the proposed one shows significant increase of data rates as SNR is getting larger.
Detection of Carbonaceous Material in Naga Bhasma

Traditional medicines have maintained their popularity in all regions of the developing world and are being adopted increasingly by people worldwide. Indian traditional system of medicine Ayurveda make use of unique metallic-herbal preparations (called Bhasma) which involves different processing steps including repeated steps of calcination of metal in the presence of natural precursor (herbal juices, decoctions, and powders, etc). It has been recently established that Bhasma contains nano/sub-micron size particles and different nutrient elements. However, the role and the end product of the raw materials, especially the herbal parts, used during the synthesis of the drug (Bhasma) is one of the important but unanswered problems in such medicinal preparations. Present work on Naga Bhasma is an attempt to understand the role of natural precursors in detail. Our results on infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy along with thermal measurements identify the presence of carbonaceous material (hydrogenated amorphous carbon) in the drug along with other compounds. In addition, this work also suggests the science and mechanism behind such complex preparations which could help in standardization of such medicines.
The Offence Process of Sex Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities: A Qualitative Study

There have been few attempts to build a model of sexual offending for men with intellectual disabilities and hence clarify appropriate intervention. This study examines any commonalities that characterize the offence process of such men. Using a grounded theory approach, qualitative interviews with sex offenders with intellectual disabilities are analyzed to generate a model of the offence process. Data from qualitative interviews with clinicians is used to triangulate offender participants’ data. The subsequent model highlights the importance of individual’s attitudes and beliefs and the impact that they have at all stages of the offence process. It raises issues concerning the variation in the process that is seen within and between offences. Additionally, it identifies a marked lack of awareness of any “decency insult” in these offenders, an inability to empathize with society’s view of sex offending. A clear implication is that thorough assessment and formulation are likely to be the key to successful and appropriate intervention.
Valence Constrains the Information Density of Messages !

Some recent analyses of language as a transmission medium have fruitfully applied information theory in various ways to sequences of words. In most cases, the information contained in a word is defined as a function of that word's local context (e.g., its probability conditioned on the preceding word). A central assumption in much of this work is the important role of context. For example, the hypothesis of uniform information density (Jaeger, 2010) requires some notion of context in order to be tested. We sought a structured corpus in order to extend and explore the potential role of context in the observed information density of messages. We used a database of over one hundred thousand consumer reviews that includes an assortment of user-related variables. These userrelated variables, such as the overall rating of a review, appear to have an interesting relationship to basic informationtheoretic measures, such as the average amount and variability of observed information of a review's words. We discuss these results in terms of the broader context that may shape the information structure of messages, and relate these findings to existing theories.
Metabolism of Lactate in Cultured GABAergic Neurons Studied by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Primary cultures of mouse cerebral cortical neurons (GABAergic) were incubated for 4 hours in media without glucose containing 1.0 mmol/L [U-13C]lactate in the absence or presence of 0.5 mmol/L glutamine. Redissolved, lyophilized cell extracts were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate neuronal metabolism of lactate and by HPLC for determination of the total amounts of glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and aspartate (Asp). The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of cell extracts exhibited multiplets for Glu, GABA, and Asp, indicating pronounced recycling of labeled tricarboxylic acid cycle constituents. There was extensive incorporation of 13C label into amino acids in neurons incubated without glutamine, with the percent enrichments being approximately 60% for Glu and Asp, and 27% for GABA. When 0.5 mmol/L glutamine was added to the incubation medium, the enrichments for Asp, Glu, and GABA were 25%, 35%, and 25%, respectively. This strongly suggests that glutamine is readily converted to Glu and Asp but that conversion to GABA may be complex. The observation that enrichment in GABA was identical in the absence and presence of glutamine whereas cycling was decreased in the presence of glutamine indicates that only C-2 units derived from glutamine are used for GABA synthesis, that is, that metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid cycle is a prerequisite for GABA synthesis from glutamine. The current study gives further support to the hypothesis that cellular metabolism is compartmentalized and that lactate is an important fuel for neurons in terms of energy metabolism and extensively labels amino acids synthesized from tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (Asp and Glu) as well as the neurotransmitter in these neurons (GABA).
VENTAJAS E INCONVENIENTES DEL USO DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA COMUNICACIÓN Y LA INFORMACIÓN EN LA REALIDAD EDUCATIVA

La importancia actualmente de las Tecnologias de la Informacion y Comunicacion puede verse reflejada en como han permitido llevar la globalidad al mundo de la informacion, facilitando la comunicacion entre las personas e instituciones no solo a nivel de la comunidad o el estado sino que tambien a nivel mundial, con lo que ha conseguido eliminar barreras espaciales y temporales, que no hace demasiado tiempo se consideraban infranqueables. En una sociedad cambiante como la que vivimos, la escuela se encuentra con la gran oportunidad de integrar esta realidad y de hacer participar a toda la comunidad educativa activamente endecha realidad.
Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 formation is increased in human sepsis syndrome. Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition.

Arachidonic acid metabolites, especially thromboxane-A2 and prostacyclin, have been shown to be increased in experimental models of sepsis and the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and play a major pathophysiologic role. This study was designed to determine if these metabolites are increased in human sepsis syndrome and if inhibition of fatty acid cyclooxygenase affects their formation and their pathophysiologic sequelae. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ibuprofen (800 mg given rectally every 4 h for three doses) in 30 patients with sepsis syndrome defined by abnormal vital signs, the appearance of serious infection, and at least one major organ failure. Urinary concentrations of the metabolite of thromboxane-A2, 2,3-dinor-TxB2, and prostacyclin, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha, were elevated 10 to 20 times normal and declined to four to five times normal by 12 h after entry in the ibuprofen-treated group and remained elevated in the placebo-treated patients. The urinary concentration of TxB2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, which reflect renal production of TxA2 and prostacyclin, respectively, were also increased approximately 10-fold over normal and were subsequently decreased by ibuprofen. Coincident with the reduction in metabolite levels, the ibuprofen-treated group, but not the placebo-treated group, experienced a significant decline in temperature, heart rate, and peak airway pressure, and a trend towards more rapid reversal of shock (p = 0.12). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Perceived Post-restructuring Job Insecurity: The Impact of Employees' Trust in one's Employer and Perceived Employability

The aim of this study is to investigate whether trust in one's employer and also perceived employability are able to reduce employees' perceived post-restructuring job insecurity. Both, quantitative job insecurity (insecurity over the continuity of a job) and qualitative job insecurity (insecurity over the continuity of valued aspects of the job) are examined. Based on Lazarus' theory of stress, we predict that employees' trust in their employer, perceived levels of employability and the combination effect impacts employees' perceived post-restructuring quantitative and qualitative job insecurity. Results taken from a sample of 377 employees working in Switzerland who survived restructuring mostly support these hypotheses. In general, employees with a high level of trust in their employer and high level of perceived employability show lower post-restructuring quantitative and qualitative job insecurity. Moreover, results suggest a potentially important role for the multiplicative effects of trust in one's employer and perceived employability regarding the perception of qualitative job insecurity. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.
The amino-acid sequence in the phenylalanyl chain of insulin. 2. The investigation of peptides from enzymic hydrolysates.

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RE: Liver Shear-Wave Velocity to Diagnose Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis B

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Radiology RE: Liver Shear-Wave Velocity to Diagnose Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis B Coskun Ozturker, MD, Ergenekon Karagoz, MD, Alpaslan Tanoglu, MD Department of Radiology, Canakkale Military Hospital, Cevatpasa, Canakkale 17000, Turkey; Department of Infectious Diseases, Van Military Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul 65040, Turkey; Department of Gastroenterology, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
Mental Workload Classification via Online Writing Features

Mental workload is an important factor during writing, which may affect the writing efficiency and user experience. This paper aims at a method to classify the mental workload levels during writing process, via examination of online writing features in a two-stage algorithm structure. At the first stage, a curvature tracking method is applied to the handwriting script, to examine the curvature for individual writing points. Then a selection process allocates writing points into subsets, each corresponding to one curvature span. The second stage extracts velocity features, used to characterize mental workload, from points in each curvature span. A Parzen-window classifier is applied on velocity features from each curvature span. The classification decisions from individual classifiers are fused with a selective voting scheme for the overall mental workload classification decision. This paper finally discusses the classification accuracy for three mental workload levels and compares it with previous work.
Influence of substrate coupling noise to clock and data recovery

With the improvement of chip integration, influence of substrate coupling noise to sensitive circuits increases. Considering the effect of substrate noise advanced is necessary for circuit and layout designing. Based on previous work, this paper utilized a 3D distributed RC substrate model and power/ground model. A model of noise source caused by digital circuits switching of the whole mixed-signal chip is developed. And the impact of substrate coupling noise on CDR is discussed through quantitative analysis. Finally, effective measures are applied to suppression the sub-noise, such as physical distance isolation and guard-ring (GR) isolation. Compared with physical isolation, the GR can suppress the sub-noise more effectively. Meanwhile, the region of GR should be selected to get the strongest effect and optimize the circuit performance.
Eigen-based clutter filter design for ultrasound color flow imaging: a review

Proper suppression of tissue clutter is a prerequisite for visualizing flow accurately in ultrasound color flow imaging. Among various clutter suppression methods, the eigen- based filter has shown potential because it can theoretically adapt its stopband to the actual clutter characteristics even when tissue motion is present. This paper presents a formative review on how eigen-based filters should be designed to improve their practical efficacy in adaptively suppressing clutter without affecting the blood flow echoes. Our review is centered around a comparative assessment of two eigen-filter design considerations: 1) eigen-component estimation approach (single-ensemble vs. multi-ensemble formulations), and 2) filter order selection mechanism (eigenvalue-based vs. frequencybased algorithms). To evaluate the practical efficacy of existing eigen-filter designs, we analyzed their clutter suppression level in two in vivo scenarios with substantial tissue motion (intra-operative coronary imaging and thyroid imaging). Our analysis shows that, as compared with polynomial regression filters (with or without instantaneous clutter downmixing), eigen-filters that use a frequency-based algorithm for filter order selection generally give Doppler power images with better contrast between blood and tissue regions. Results also suggest that both multi-ensemble and single-ensemble eigen-estimation approaches have their own advantages and weaknesses in different imaging scenarios. It may be beneficial to develop an algorithmic way of defining the eigen-filter formulation so that its performance advantages can be better realized.
Dysregulations in the PI3K pathway and targeted therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is the most commonly mutated pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). There are several drugs targeting members of the PI3K signaling pathway in development for HNSCC. In this article, we review the genetic alterations reported in the pathway pertinent to HNSCC, various agents in development targeting various mediators of the pathway, results from clinical trials, and remaining challenges in the development of PI3K pathway inhibitors.
Particle Release from Haemodialysers

Release of particles from eight makes of hollow-fibre and one make of flatplate dialyser have been studied, and the relationship between rinsing volume and particles recovered established. In a supplementary study the effect on the number of particles released was assessed when striking the dialyser header during priming. Particle size distribution indicated that the majority of the particles recovered were less than 5 microns in diameter. A separate analysis of the particles in the 5-30 micron size range showed two different patterns of particle release. In the dialysers containing ethylene vinyl acetate (EVAL) or Cellulate® the number of particles recovered were within the 95% range of the particles in the rinsing fluid and did not alter with increasing rinsing volume. In the dialysers containing Cuprophan® and Hemophan® the initial particle numbers were higher but fell rapidly up to a 450 ml rinse volume; increasing the rinse volume to 1050 ml did not alter particle recovery. Analysis of variance failed to differentiate between individual dialysers. Striking the header during priming resulted in a transient statistically nonsignificant increase in the number of particles recovered.
Detection of multiple primary systems using DAA UWB-IRs

Underlay ultra wideband (UWB) systems have to be able to detect the presence of primary systems operating in the same band for detect-and-avoid (DAA) operation. In this paper, the performances of joint and independent detection of multiple primary systems are investigated assuming that the primary systems are potentially dependent (e.g., frequency division duplex uplink-downlink communications). Joint detection is performed based on generating the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decision variables at the receiver, where some bias terms are used with these variables in order to achieve a desired trade-off between the detection and false alarm probabilities. Independent detection is performed based on the Neyman-Pearson (NP) test, which optimizes system threshold values individually in order to achieve the best detection probability for a given false alarm probability value. When the two detection schemes are compared, it is shown that the gain of joint detection depends on the joint system activity values and the considered receiver operating characteristic (ROC) region, where the complementary ROC curves illustrate the trade-off between missdetection and false alarm probabilities.
Experimental evaluation of digital-circuit susceptibility to voltage variation in dynamic frequency scaling

Logical operations in CMOS digital integration are highly prone to fail as the amount of power-supply (PS) drop approaches to threshold. PS voltage variation is characterized by built-in noise monitors in a 32-bit microprocessor of 90-nm CMOS technology, in relation with instruction- level programming for logical failure analysis. Experimental measurements demonstrate that the increased susceptibility of processor operation with dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) can be mitigated through PS noise shaping.