Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The "global" and the "local" in knowledge management

Purpose – This paper aims to unravel the complexities associated with knowledge sharing in large global organizations through a field study carried out in a large, multinational company (Du Pont), focusing on the critical issues, concrete practices, bottle‐necks, and constraints in knowledge sharing. The tension between “local” production of much of the knowledge and its globalizing is specifically addressed.Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative analysis based on a detailed case study of the knowledge‐sharing practices in two business units, two functional areas (R&D and engineering project management) in four countries.Findings – Focus on certain types of organizational knowledge to the exclusion of others can be counter‐productive. Knowledge management (KM) systems need to be integrative and flexible enough to facilitate the dynamic interplay between different forms of knowledge across the space and time.Research limitations/implications – The results of a case study are somewhat limited in terms of.
The potential of targeting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase for cancer treatment

Introduction: Degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) represents an important antiproliferative strategy of the cellular immune response. Tryptophan shortage and accumulation of kynurenine downstream products also affect T-cell responses, providing a negative feedback control of immune activation. IDO1 activity can promote a regulatory phenotype in both T cells and dendritic cells. These phenomena can support tumor immune escape. Areas covered: IDO1 activity reflects the course of several malignancies, and determination of kynurenine to tryptophan ratio in serum/plasma can be used to assess immune activation. Moreover, the accelerated breakdown of tryptophan has been correlated with the development of cancer-associated disturbances such as anemia, weight loss and depression. Tumoral IDO1 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis in several types of tumors, which makes it to an interesting target for immunotherapy. In addition, according to recent data, a role of trytptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in tumorigenesis cannot be excluded. Expert opinion: Tryptophan metabolism is critical for cell proliferation, inflammation and immunoregulation. Accelerated tryptophan breakdown favors tumor immune escape. Accordingly, targeting IDO1 by immunotherapy may represent a favorable approach; however, blocking crucial immunoregulatory pathways could also introduce the risk of immune system overactivation, finally leading to unresponsiveness.
The Bird Tree

Sadly, Richard Bird is stepping down as the editor of the ‘Functional Pearls’ column. As a farewell present, I would like to dedicate a tree to him. A woody plant is appropriate for at least two reasons: Richard has been preoccupied with trees in many of his pearls, and where else would you find a bird's nest? Actually, there is a lot of room for nests, as the tree is infinite. Figure 1 displays the first five levels. The Bird tree, whose nodes are labelled with rational numbers, enjoys several remarkable properties.
Iso-osmolar prehydration shifts the cytokine response towards a more anti-inflammatory balance in human endotoxemia

Clinical experience suggests that the administration of fluids in human endotoxemia reduces symptoms. In the present study, the effects of a standardised fluid protocol on symptoms, inflammatory and hemodynamic parameters in human endotoxemia are determined. With approval of the local ethics committee, 16 healthy volunteers received 2 ng/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin (O:113). After an overnight fast, nine subjects received 1.5 l of 2.5% glucose/0.45% NaCl the hour prior to the endotoxin administration and 150 ml/h during the course of the experiment (`prehydrated group'). Seven subjects only received a continuous infusion of 75 ml/h during the experiment (`non-prehydrated group'). The course of inflammatory parameters and symptoms were determined and mean arterial pressure, heart rate and forearm blood flow were measured. In the prehydrated group, TNF-α increased to 522 ± 63 pg/ml (mean ± SEM) while the maximum in the non-prehydrated group was 927 ± 187 pg/ml (P < 0.04). IL-10 increased similarly in both groups (non-prehydrated 117 ± 18 pg/ml and prehydrated 99 ± 18 pg/ml; P = NS). The prehydrated group had a significantly lower (P < 0.004) symptom score and recovered sooner (P = 0.004). Endotoxin-induced changes in hemodynamics revealed no significant differences between groups. We demonstrate that prehydration in experimental human endotoxemia significantly shifts the cytokine balance towards a more anti-inflammatory pattern. This effect is associated with a reduction in symptoms, whereas the changes in hemodynamic parameters are not influenced by prehydration.
Group C rotaviruses in humans

Atypical rotaviruses obtained from human feces from Australia, Brazil, and the United Kingdom were shown by a combination of techniques--immunoelectron microscopy, immunofluorescence, genome profile analysis, terminal fingerprint analysis of genome segments, and dot-blot hybridization--to be related to group C porcine rotaviruses. The prevalence of antibody to group C rotaviruses was found to be low in human sera and immunoglobulin pools from six countries. No signs of infection were obtained when one of the human viruses was inoculated into gnotobiotic piglets. We conclude that the atypical human viruses are the first examples of group C rotaviruses in humans.
Fully integrated SiGe VCOs with powerful output buffer for 77-GHz automotive Radar systems and applications around 100 GHz

It is demonstrated that SiGe bipolar technologies are well suited for voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) in 77-GHz automotive radar systems. For this, the design of a VCO with powerful output buffer (with good decoupling capability and high output power), comparatively wide tuning range, and reasonably low phase noise is described. To achieve the required high output power, the potential operating range of the output transistors, limited by high-current effects and avalanche breakdown, respectively, had to be exploited using adequate transistor models. The VCOs need a single supply voltage only and have been fully integrated (including resonant circuit and output buffer) on a single small (1 mm/sup 2/) chip, demonstrating their low-cost potential. Experimental results showed, at a center frequency of around 77 GHz, a usable tuning range of 6.7 GHz and a phase noise of -97 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency averaged over this range. In addition, the center oscillation frequency can be coarsely adjusted within a wide range by cutting links in the upper metallization layer. The total signal power delivered by both buffer outputs together is as high as 18.5 dBm at a power consumption of 1.2 W. Simulations let us expect a potential doubling of the output power (for two or four outputs) by extension of the output buffer. To get an impression of the maximum frequency achievable with the circuit concept and technology used, a second VCO (again with buffered output) has been developed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the measured maximum oscillation frequency of about 100 GHz, at 12.4-dBm total output power (14.3 dBm at 99 GHz), is a record value for SiGe VCOs with buffered output operating at their fundamental frequency. The usable tuning range is still 6.2 GHz.
Effect of the CopB Auxiliary Replication Control System on Stability of Maintenance of Par+ Plasmid R1

ABSTRACT Plasmid R1 is a low-copy-number plasmid that is present at a level of about four or five copies per average cell. The copy number is controlled posttranscriptionally at the level of synthesis of the rate-limiting initiator protein RepA. In addition to this, R1 has an auxiliary system that derepresses a second promoter at low copy numbers, leading to increased repA mRNA synthesis. This promoter is normally switched off by a constitutively synthesized plasmid-encoded repressor protein, CopB; in cells with low copy numbers, the concentration of CopB is low and the promoter is derepressed. Here we show that the rate of loss of a Par+ derivative of the basic replicon of R1 increased about sevenfold when the cells contained a high concentration of the CopB protein formed from a compatible plasmid.
The causes and consequences of random and non‐random X chromosome inactivation in humans

X chromosome (X) inactivation is a remarkable biological process including the choice and cis‐limited inactivation of one X, as well as the stable maintenance of this silencing by epigenetic chromatin alterations. The process results in females generally being mosaic for two populations of cells – one with each parental X active. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how inactivation works, as well as the causes and clinical implications of deviations from random inactivation.
Guqin Notation and Music Style Recognition

motivated by the Convolutional Neural Networks about digit recognition and ImageNet deep neural network by Krizhevsky et al. [1], I did this project on Guqin notation recognition, which classified reduced characters with positioned 1-10 (一 -十) in handwritten Chinese characters and translated to other music recording scores. I built a four-layer convolutional neural network using adjusted CaffeNet CNN [2] model to classify 8000 images from handwritten Guqin notations into 10 distinct classes. The network achieves a test set error rate of 15.7%. The model is trained using dropout on the fully-connected layers and performed PCA with assigned randomized variable for weight decay to reduce overfitting. Keywords—CNN; Guqin;Notation; CaffeNet; Text detection; Handwritten character recognition; Convolutional neural networks;
Work of Breathing in Obesity Assessed with Body Plethysmography Comparison with Emphysematic COPD and Pulmonary Fibrosis

Objectives: Body plethysmography is a lung function testing method usually applied for determination of thoracic gas volume and airways resistance, but option to measure work of breathing is available in most models. Although the method has been known over fifty years, assessment of work of breathing with it has not yet systematically studied in obesity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relevance of work of breathing measured by body plethysmography in obese subjects and to compare the results with those of healthy controls and patients with pulmonary diseases of different pulmonary mechanics. Methods: Altogether sixty-two adults were studied prospectively: healthy non-smoking obese subjects (BMI > 30, N = 15), patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (N =15), emphysematic COPD (emphysema) (N = 16) and healthy non-smoking controls (controls) (N = 16). Inspiratory, expiratory and total work of breathing (WOBin, WOBex and WOB) and specific work of breathing (sWOBin, sWOBex and sWOB) were measured. Results: In obese subjects, WOB, WOBin (p < 0.001) and WOBex (p = 0.002) were elevated in comparison to controls. Also in ILD, WOB was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.006). sWOBin, sWOBex and SWOB were significantly higher in emphysema than in the controls (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In obesity and ILD WOB whereas in emphysematic COPD sWOB differed significantly from controls, which is caused by differences in lung mechanics and lung volumes. The results concerning COPD correspond earlier study, but the present results suggest that body plethysmography is suitable for the assessment of work of breathing also in obesity.
Neuronal damage in T1‐hypointense multiple sclerosis lesions demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Hypointense T1 lesions in multiple sclerosis patients correlate with axonal loss at autopsy and biopsy. We evaluated the chemical substrate of hypointense T1 lesions by using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and analyzed the spectroscopic correlate of increased T1‐relaxation time measurements. Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and T1‐relaxation time measurements were performed in lesions, selected on T1‐weighted spin‐echo magnetic resonance images according to degree of hypointensity, in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and in normal white matter of controls. In NAWM, prolongation of T1‐relaxation time and a decrease in N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) were present, compared with normal white matter. Severely hypointense lesions showed a lower concentration of NAA and creatine compared with NAWM and a lower concentration of NAA compared with isointense to mildly hypointense lesions. NAA concentration correlated with degree of hypointensity of lesions and with T1‐relaxation time within the spectroscopic voxel. Our results provide the first in vivo evidence of axonal damage in severely hypointense T1 lesions in multiple sclerosis patients. T1‐relaxation time correlates with the concentration of NAA in both multiple sclerosis lesions and NAWM, indicating that this parameter deserves further evaluation to monitor disease progression. Ann Neurol 1999;46:79–87
BIOCHEMICAL MATURATION OF HUMAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MYELIN 1

—A developmental study of the lipid and protein composition of human CNS myelin was undertaken. The relative concentrations of the major lipid classes, cholesterol, glycolipids and phospholipids exhibited little change except for a modest decrease in the concentration of the phospholipids. In contrast to the total phospholipids, marked variations in the relative concentrations of individual phospholipids were found. Sphingomyelin increased over two‐fold, and phosphatidyl choline decreased to almost half its original concentration.
Experimental evaluation of a high-speed permanent-magnet machine

This paper presents the experimental evaluation of a high-speed, directly-coupled, multi-megawatt permanent-magnet machine. The maximum, continuous operating speed of the machine being evaluated is 15 krpm to match the shaft speed of compressors and turbines of up to 8 MW in targeted petroleum and chemical industry applications. The machine is characterized by high power-density and high efficiency. The design parameters and the predicted performance are corroborated by component, no-load, loaded and short-circuit tests. The thermal model and the cooling system design are evaluated and calibrated by the temperatures registered during the tests. The total measured losses and the allocation of losses across components is compared with the losses predicted by various analytical and numerical models.
Silk fibers and silk‐producing organs of Harpactea rubicunda (C. L. Koch 1838) (Araneae, Dysderidae)

Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to study the silk spinning apparatus and silks of Harpactea rubicunda spiders. Three types of silk secretions that are produced by three kinds of silk spinning glands (ampullate, piriform, and pseudaciniform) and released through three types of spigots, were confirmed for both adult and juvenile spiders. Silk secretions for the construction of spider webs for shelter or retreat are produced by the pseudaciniform silk glands. Silk secretions that are released from spigots in the course of web construction are not processed by the legs during the subsequent process of hardening. Pairs of nanofibril bundles seemed to be part of the basic microarchitecture of the web silk fibers as revealed by AFM. These fiber bundles frequently not only overlap one another, but occasionally also interweave. This structural variability may strengthen the spider web. High‐resolution AFM scans of individual nanofibrils show a distinctly segmented nanostructure. Each globular segment is ∼30–40 nm long along the longitudinal axis of the fiber, and resembles a nanosegment of artificial fibroin described by Perez‐Rigueiro et al. (2007). Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quorum sensing by peptide pheromones and two‐component signal‐transduction systems in Gram‐positive bacteria

Cell‐density‐dependent gene expression appears to be widely spread in bacteria. This quorum‐sensing phenomenon has been well established in Gram‐negative bacteria, where N‐acyl homoserine lactones are the diffusible communication molecules that modulate cell‐density‐dependent phenotypes. Similarly, a variety of processes are known to be regulated in a cell‐density‐ or growth‐phase‐dependent manner in Gram‐positive bacteria. Examples of such quorum‐sensing modes in Gram‐positive bacteria are the development of genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the virulence response in Staphylococcus aureus, and the production of antimicrobial peptides by several species of Gram‐positive bacteria including lactic acid bacteria. Cell‐density‐dependent regulatory modes in these systems appear to follow a common theme, in which the signal molecule is a post‐translationally processed peptide that is secreted by a dedicated ATP‐binding‐cassette exporter. This secreted peptide pheromone functions as the input signal for a specific sensor component of a two‐component signal‐transduction system. Moreover, genetic linkage of the common elements involved results in autoregulation of peptide‐pheromone production.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Malate Synthase- and MPT51-Based Serodiagnostic Assay as an Adjunct to Rapid Identification of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT The 81-kDa malate synthase (MS; Rv 1837c) and the 27-kDa MPT51 (Rv 3803c) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are immunodominant antigens recognized by serum antibodies from ∼80% of human immunodeficiency virus-negative smear-positive tuberculosis patients from India. We now provide evidence that the use of the MS/MPT51-based serodiagnostic assay can serve as an adjunct to sputum microscopy in the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Rapid stimulation of a soybean protein‐serine kinase that phosphorylates a novel bZIP DNA‐binding protein, G/HBF‐1, during the induction of early transcription‐dependent defenses

The G‐box (CACGTG) and H‐box (CCTACC) cis elements function in the activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes involved in the elaboration of lignin precursors, phytoalexins and the secondary signal salicylic acid as early responses to pathogen attack. We have isolated a soybean cDNA encoding a novel bZIP protein, G/HBF‐1, which binds to both the G‐box and adjacent H‐box in the proximal region of the chalcone synthase chs15 promoter. While G/HBF‐1 transcript and protein levels do not increase during the induction of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes, G/HBF‐1 is phosphorylated rapidly in elicited soybean cells, almost exclusively on serine residues. Using recombinant G/HBF‐1 as a substrate, we identified a cytosolic protein‐serine kinase that is rapidly and transiently stimulated in cells elicited with either glutathione or an avirulent strain of the soybean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. Phosphorylation of G/HBF‐1 in vitro enhances binding to the chs15 promoter and we conclude that stimulation of G/HBF‐1 kinase activity and G/HBF‐1 phosphorylation are terminal events in a signal pathway for activation of early transcription‐dependent plant defense responses.
Transient Compensation of Current Transformers

The existence of a siqnificant exponentially decaying dc transient in the primary current of a conventional current transformer leads to large transient values of core flux. Protective scheme design is therefore subjected to constraints, either that ct saturation be tolerated or that larger ct's incapable of saturation be provided. In the latter case the primary dc transient appears in the secondary circuit.
Endosomal regulation of contact inhibition through the AMOT:YAP pathway

It was shown previously that endotubin, an integral membrane protein of endosomes, regulates the trafficking of tight junction proteins between endosomes and the tight junctions. Here it is shown that endotubin regulates YAP localization on endosomes through its interaction with AMOT and thus may play a role in contact inhibition.
Clinical outcome and paravalvular leakage of the new balloon‐expandable Edwards Sapien 3 valve in comparison to its predecessor model (Edwards Sapien XT) in patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve replacement

The aim of this study was to compare the 30‐day procedural, clinical and echocardiographic outcome of the new balloon‐expandable Edwards Sapien 3 (ES3) valve with the Edwards Sapien XT (ESXT). Background: Post‐implant paravalvular leaks (PVL) after transfemoral aortic valve replacement (TAVR) resulting in residual aortic regurgitation (AR) are a major limitation for long term outcome. New TAVR‐devices have to eliminate this problem.
Effects of Ondansetron on Attenuating Spinal Anesthesia–Induced Hypotension and Bradycardia in Obstetric and Nonobstetric Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hypotension and bradycardia are common adverse effects following spinal anesthesia. Ondansetron has been studied in the attenuation of spinal anesthesia– induced hypotension (SIH) and bradycardia because of its antagonistic effect on the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to determine the efficacy of intravenous (IV) ondansetron in reducing the incidence of SIH and bradycardia. Thirteen RCTs were included in this analysis, totaling 1,225 subjects. Hypotension and bradycardia were summarized using a risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was summarized using randomeffects model for I(2) greater than 50%; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was performed. Intravenous ondansetron reduced the incidence of hypotension in both the all-procedure analysis group (RR, 0.64; CI, 0.45-0.90) and cesarean delivery group (RR, 0.63; CI, 0.45-0.88). For bradycardia, IV ondansetron resulted in reduced risk (RR, 0.31; CI, 0.19-0.50). Findings of our meta-analysis suggest that IV ondansetron may mitigate the risks of SIH and bradycardia following spinal anesthesia.
Collaborative reporting tools: An analysis of maintainance activites in a semiconductor factory

Reporting activities of maintenance work in semiconductor factories are currently based primarily on computing systems. However, usability problems and the multiplicity of tools hinder work instead of supporting it. We present a requirement analysis of complex maintenance activities carried out with maintainers in the cleanroom of a semiconductor fabrication plant. We conducted a contextual inquiry, methodologically adapted to the general requirements of the cleanroom context and the maintenance activities in particular. In this study, we identified general tasks of the maintainers, all tools they need to report and to communicate their work, and the maintainers' attitude towards them. Based on these findings, implications are given on how to reduce the number of reporting tools and a conceptual design for a future maintenance tool is presented. We will show the feasibility of user-centered design in the complex context of a semiconductor fabrication plant in order to improve interface qualities of existing reporting tools.