Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oro-facial pain in the community: prevalence and associated impact.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of oro-facial pain (OFP) in the population and within-population subgroups and to describe the associated disability. DESIGN Cross-sectional population study. SETTING General medical practice in South East Cheshire, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of 4000 adults aged 18-65 years of whom 2504 responded (adjusted participation rate 74%). MAIN RESULTS The overall prevalence of OFP was 26% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 24%, 28%). The prevalence of symptoms was higher in women (30%) than in men (21%) and in both sexes the highest (30%) prevalence was found in the 18-25 year age group and the lowest (22%) in the 56-65 age group. Of all the participants, 12% had pain in or around the eyes, 10% reported pain in and around the temples, 6% pain in front of the ears and 6% pain in the jaw joints. Only 46% of the participants with OFP had sought professional advice from a dentist or general medical practitioner and 17% had to take time off work or were unable to carry out normal activities because of pain. CONCLUSIONS OFP is a common symptom experienced by a quarter of the adult population, of whom only 46% seek treatment. The prevalence is higher in women and younger age groups.
Immunolocalization of Growth, Inhibitory, and Proliferative Factors Involved in Initial Ovarian Folliculogenesis From Adult Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri collinsi)

We performed an immunohistochemical (IHC) study to determine the follicular expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), Kit Ligand (KL), and c-Kit in squirrel monkey ovary. Ovarian tissue fragments from 4 squirrel monkeys were collected by laparotomy and processed for classical histology and IHC. Additionally, follicle development was assessed by Ki67 immunostaining to evaluate proliferative status of granulosa cells. A total of 4025 follicles were examined (1475 for classical histology and 2550 for immunohistochemistry). More than 80% of the evaluated follicles were morphologically normal. The GDF-9 protein was detectable in oocyte cytoplasm from primordial (100%), primary (99.1%), and secondary (100%) follicles. The AMH was not expressed in primordial follicles but just in few primary follicles (13.8%). On the other hand, it was highly expressed in granulosa cells from secondary follicles (67.9%). c-Kit, KL receptor, was found in the oolemma of primordial (100%), primary (100%), and secondary (100%) follicles. The KL expression was observed in oocytes and granulosa cells from primordial (94.9%), primary (91.6%) and secondary follicles (100%). Ki67 immunostaining was observed in granulosa cells from primary (5.7%) and secondary (54.8%) follicles but not in primordial follicles. In conclusion, we described the localization of GDF-9, KL, c-Kit, and Ki67 proteins and confirmed the presence of AMH protein in preantral follicles from squirrel monkey. Our results offer contribution for understanding of folliculogenesis in neotropical nonhuman primates. Moreover, these markers can be used to assess follicular viability and functionality after cryopreservation, transplantation, or in vitro culture of ovarian tissue.
Renal nerves and nNOS: roles in natriuresis of acute isovolumetric sodium loading in conscious rats.

It was hypothesized that renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are involved in the acute inhibition of renin secretion and the natriuresis following slow NaCl loading (NaLoad) and that RSNA participates in the regulation of arterial blood pressure (MABP). This was tested by NaLoad after chronic renal denervation with and without inhibition of nNOS by S-methyl-thiocitrulline (SMTC). In addition, the acute effects of renal denervation on MABP and sodium balance were assessed. Rats were investigated in the conscious, catheterized state, in metabolic cages, and acutely during anesthesia. NaLoad was performed over 2 h by intravenous infusion of hypertonic solution (50 micromol.min(-1). kg body mass(-1)) at constant body volume conditions. SMTC was coinfused in amounts (20 microg.min(-1). kg(-1)) reported to selectively inhibit nNOS. Directly measured MABPs of acutely and chronically denervated rats were less than control (15% and 9%, respectively, P < 0.005). Plasma renin concentration (PRC) was reduced by renal denervation (14.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 19.3 +/- 1.3 mIU/l, P < 0.005) and by nNOS inhibition (12.4 +/- 2.3 vs. 19.6 +/- 1.6 mlU/l, P < 0.005). NaLoad reduced PRC (P < 0.05) and elevated MABP modestly (P < 0.05) and increased sodium excretion six-fold, irrespective of renal denervation and SMTC. The metabolic data demonstrated that renal denervation lowered sodium balance during the first days after denervation (P < 0.001). These data show that renal denervation decreases MABP and renin secretion. However, neither renal denervation nor nNOS inhibition affects either the renin down-regulation or the natriuretic response to acute sodium loading. Acute sodium-driven renin regulation seems independent of RSNA and nNOS under the present conditions.
Acute Stress Reactions to Everyday Stressful Life Events Among Sexual Abuse Survivors with PTSD

ABSTRACT This study examined symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), which is often thought of as a precursor to PTSD, among 54 women who already had PTSD for childhood sexual abuse for which they were seeking treatment. We examined the prevalence of ASD symptoms as well as their relationships to trauma symptoms measured by the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40. The ASD diagnosis requires the occurrence of a traumatic life event as well as meeting specific symptoms criteria. We found that forty-four percent of participants met all symptom criteria for ASD, but only three of these 24 participants described a traumatic life event. Moreover, ASD symptoms were significantly related to trauma symptom scores. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of women with PTSD for childhood sexual abuse may be highly symptomatic for everyday stressful events that would not be experienced as traumatizing to others. Thus, these individuals need assistance in coping with everyday life stressors that do not involve a serious threat or injury in addition to needing help to alleviate their trauma symptoms.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based detection of antibodies to antigenic subtypes of infectious bursal disease viruses of chickens

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a fragment of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP2 gene expressed in baculovirus was developed. A 944-bp portion of the VP2 gene from the Del-A strain of IBDV was ligated into the pAc360 transfer vector and transfected into baculovirus, Recombinant baculoviruses were identified by dot blot hybridization. The recombinant baculovirus 9A5 expressed a 57-kDa VP2 fusion protein, which was immunoprecipitated. This baculovirus-expressed VP2 was used as an antigen in an ELISA (Ohio State University [OSU]-ELISA). Titers of sera from specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with different strains of IBDV in our laboratory were determined by the OSU-ELISA, commercial ELISAs, and a virus neutralization assay. The results indicate that all sera from the specific-pathogen-free chickens infected with IBDV strains contained high titers of neutralizing antibodies. Each of these antisera also tested positive with the commercial ELISA kits. The OSU-ELISA did not detect antibodies to all strains of IBDV tested. This ELISA detected antibodies to the antigenically similar Delaware variant strains Del-A, Del-E, and GLS but did not detect or detected very poorly antibodies to antigenically heterologous classic IBDV strains STC, D78, and BVM. Although the antiserum to the IN strain of IBDV contained a virus-neutralizing antibody titer, the OSU-ELISA did not detect antibodies in this serum, suggesting IN is antigenically heterologous to Del-A. Titers to the IN strain were detected with the commercial ELISA kits. The OSU-ELISA detected antibodies to the SAL strain, suggesting this virus is antigenically similar to Del-A, which is supported by previously reported vaccination and challenge studies. In conclusion, the OSU-ELISA could be used to detect antibodies to a subgroup of IBDV strains, while commercially available ELISA kits detected antibodies to all the antigenic subtypes of IBDV tested.
Development of a histological pseudocapsule and its use as a surgical capsule in the excision of pituitary tumors.

OBJECT The presence of a histological pseudocapsule around pituitary tumors was noted in the early 1900s. Since that time there has been no emphasis on the sequence of the stages of its development or on the relationship between these stages and the capacity to identify very small pituitary tumors at surgery in patients in whom preoperative imaging has been nondiagnostic. In addition, limited emphasis has been given to the pseudocapsule's use for selective and complete resection of pituitary adenomas. METHODS The development of the pseudocapsule was examined by performing histological analysis of portions of pituitary glands removed during 805 operations for Cushing disease. Twenty-five adenomas, each measuring between 0.25 and 4 mm in maximum diameter, were detected in the excised specimens; 17 were adenocorticotropic hormone-positive adenomas and eight were incidental tumors (four prolactin-secreting and four nonsecreting lesions). In 16 tumors the size of the adenoma could be established. The distribution of tumor size in relation to the presence of a histological pseudocapsule indicates a transition from the absence of a reticulin capsule (tumor diameter < or =1 mm) through the initial compression of surrounding tissue (tumor diameter 1-2 mm) to the presence of a multilayered reticulin capsule observed when adenomas become larger (tumor diameter 2-3 mm). CONCLUSIONS The absence of a reticulin capsule in cases of very small tumors may contribute to limited localization of these lesions during surgical exploration of the pituitary gland. In this article the authors describe surgical techniques in which the histological pseudocapsule is used as a surgical capsule during pituitary surgery. In their experience, recognition of this surgical capsule and its use at surgery has contributed to the identification of microadenomas buried in the pituitary gland, aided the recognition of subtle invasion of the pituitary capsule and contiguous dura mater, and enhanced the consistency of complete tumor excision with small and large tumors.
Analysis of Microinductor Performance in a 20-100 MHz DC/DC Converter

This paper presents a low-profile thin-film microfabricated inductor on silicon and its performance in a high-frequency low-power DC/DC converter. The design of the inductors has focused on maximizing efficiency while maintaining a relatively flat frequency response up to 30 MHz. The inductance at 20 MHz is approximately 150 nH with a resistance of 1.8 ¿. The performance of the microinductor has been compared to two conventional commercially available 150-nH chip inductors. One of the chip inductors has a magnetic-material core and the other is an air core. The maximum efficiency of the microinductor, which relates the power loss of the microinductor to output power loss of the converter, is measured to be approximately 93% at 20 MHz. The low-power DC/DC converter operates in the tens of milliwatts output power range, with an input voltage of 1.8 V and an output voltage programmable between 0 and 1.8 V. The converter maximum efficiency when using the microinductor on silicon is 78.5% at 20 MHz, which is approximately 2% lower than the efficiency using the conventional chip inductors.
Performance analysis of NLOS small cell backhaul using 17GHz point-to-point prototype radio

Dense deployment of Small Cell Access Networks (SCAN) at street level has generally been accepted as a solution to improve capacity, coverage and reduce operational expenses in 5G access networks. This deployment strategy necessitates new cost-effective, high capacity, scalable and flexible backhaul solutions especially in urban environments where traditional solutions, such as fiber and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) are too expensive and time consuming to deploy. Traditional microwave solutions have capacity and coverage limitations. The new SCAN backhaul systems must have Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) and Self-Organizing-Network (SON) capabilities to address the coverage and cost problems. In earlier work we proposed a NLOS Small Cell Backhaul (SCB) system based on diffracted signals where Cognitive Radio Technology (CRT) is proposed to add intelligence to the radio devices, giving the system SON capabilities expected of 5G systems. NLOS operation and Millimeter Wave (mmW) technology are proposed to address the coverage and capacity problems respectively. In this paper experimental results of NLOS radio link and QoS performance measurements for a prototype 17GHZ radio system designed for use as a SCB system are presented. The system addresses the cost problem by using unlicensed spectrum bands and diffracted signals to enable NLOS operation, thus addressing the street level to roof top backhaul coverage problem. The results obtained show that NLOS links that meet the radio and QoS performance requirements of small cell backhaul links can be established in an urban canyon type of environment.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Individuals With the Electrocardiographic Pattern of Right Bundle-Branch Block and ST-Segment Elevation in Precordial Leads V1 to V3

Background—The electrocardiographic pattern of right bundle-branch block with ST-segment elevation in leads V1 to V3 is increasingly recognized among patients who have aborted sudden cardiac death, but also in asymptomatic individuals, raising questions about its prognostic significance. Methods and Results—The clinical, electrophysiological, and follow-up data of 334 patients with the Brugada phenotype were analyzed. A total of 79 women and 255 men with a mean age at diagnosis of 42±16 years were studied. The abnormal ECG was recognized after a resuscitated cardiac arrest in 71 patients (group A), after a syncopal episode in 73 patients (group B), and in 190 asymptomatic individuals (group C). Sustained ventricular arrhythmias were inducible in 83%, 63%, and 33% of patients in group A, group B, and group C, respectively. During 54±54 and 26±36 months of follow-up, respectively, 62% of patients in group A and 19% of group B patients had a new arrhythmic event. Inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias was the only predictor of arrhythmia occurrence in both groups. During a mean follow-up of 27±29 months, 8% of group C individuals had a first arrhythmic event. In these individuals, inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias and a basal abnormal ECG were predictors of arrhythmia occurrence. Conclusions—An ECG showing right bundle-branch block and ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads is a marker of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Recurrence of malignant arrhythmias is high after the occurrence of symptoms. Among asymptomatic individuals, those with a spontaneously abnormal ECG and inducible to ventricular arrhythmias have the poorer prognosis.
Diffuse Proliferative Lupus Glomerulonephritis: DETERMINATION OF PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CLINICAL, LABORATORY AND PATHOLOGIC FACTORS

Clinical, laboratory and pathological factors in 35 females with diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis were analyzed to determine the prognostic significance of the individual variables. The clinical and laboratory variables were age, serum creatinine (Cr), serum C3, serum C4 and proteinuria at the time of biopsy while the biopsy ones included intraglomerular monocytic infiltration (NSE index), total glomerular deposits, extent of subendothelial deposits, extent of extraglomerular deposits, tubulo-interstitial inflammation, relative tubulo-interstitial volume and total pathologic score. Standard morphometric and counting procedures were used to determine the levels of all pathologic variables but pathologic score and extra glomerular deposits where grading estimates were done. Survival curves were determined by the life table method. Logrank and chi-square tests were used to establish levels of statistical significance. Seven patients developed established renal failure (Cr greater than or equal to 2.0 on two or more occasions at least 3 months apart) and nine showed significant deterioration of renal function (decrease in CrCl of 25% or more in between biopsy and last follow-up visit or an increase in serum Cr of 0.4 mg/dl or more over the follow-up period). The 5-year renal survival rate (absence of established renal failure) for the whole group was 77%. Serum Cr (p less than .005) and extent of extraglomerular deposits (p less than .025) were shown to be significant prognostic factors for renal survival. Of the seven patients who developed renal failure none had an NSE index greater than 3.0 and one had a C3 greater than or equal to 45 mg/dl. Statistically these factors were weak prognostic indicators (0.5 less than p less than .1). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the extraglomerular deposit factor contributed significant additional prognostic information to that provided by Cr. Although not important as a prognostic factor on its own, the NSE index significantly improved the prognostic performance of serum Cr. The product of the NSE index and serum C3 proved to be a strong prognostic factor (p less than .005).
Intramuscular ketamine is superior to meperidine, promethazine, and chlorpromazine for pediatric emergency department sedation.

OBJECTIVE To compare ketamine hydrochloride (KET) with combined meperidine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, and chlorpromazine hydrochloride (MPC) for pediatric emergency department sedation with respect to onset, duration, and efficacy. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING Pediatric emergency department in an urban university hospital. PATIENTS Convenience sample of 29 patients, 6 months to 6 years of age, requiring sedation for suturing, wound or burn debridement, or lumbar puncture. INTERVENTION Children received intramuscular KET (4 mg/kg) with atropine sulfate (0.01 mg/kg) or MPC (meperidine hydrochloride 2 mg/kg, promethazine hydrochloride 1 mg/kg, chlorpromazine hydrochloride 1 mg/kg). Data collection included demographics, vital signs, and onset of sedation; procedural distress using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress; and time to recovery. The operator was questioned on satisfaction with the drug, and parents received follow-up to assess parental satisfaction. RESULTS Of the 29 patients enrolled in the study, 2 were excluded for protocol violation, 15 received KET, and 12 received MPC. Demographics and baseline vital signs did not differ. Although patients in the 2 groups had a similar duration of sedation (KET, 82 min vs MPC, 97 min, P = .15), patients receiving KET had more rapid onset of sedation (3 min vs 18 min, P < .01) a shorter time to discharge (85 min vs 113 min, P 0 .01) and lower Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress scores (9.9 vs 19.2, P = .003). All 15 physicians using KET would request it again vs 5 of 12 (42%) of the physicians using MPC (P < .001). No serious adverse reactions occurred. There were no differences in parental satisfaction. CONCLUSION Ketamine has a faster onset and results in more rapid discharge from the pediatric emergency department while providing for less patient distress during procedures. Ketamine is also associated with greater physician satisfaction than MPC.
Pulse width programming in spinal cord stimulation: a clinical study.

BACKGROUND With advances in spinal cord stimulation (SCS) technology, particularly rechargeable implantable, patients are now being offered a wider range of parameters to treat their pain. In particular, pulse width (PW) programming ranges of rechargeable implantable pulse generators now match that of radiofrequency systems (with programmability up to 1000 microseconds. The intent of the present study was to investigate the effects of varying PW in SCS. OBJECTIVE To understand the effects of PW programming in spinal cord stimulation (SCS). DESIGN Single-center, prospective, randomized, single-blind evaluation of the technical and clinical outcomes of PW programming. SETTING Acute, outpatient follow-up. METHODS Subjects using fully-implanted SCS for > 3 months to treat chronic intractable low back and/or leg pain. Programming of a wide range (50-1000 microseconds) of programmed PW settings using each patient's otherwise unchanged 'walk-in' program. OUTCOME MEASURES Paresthesia thresholds (perception, maximum comfortable, discomfort), paresthesia coverage and patient choice of tested programs. RESULTS We found strength-duration parameters of chronaxie and rheobase to be 295 (242 - 326) microseconds and 2.5 (1.3 - 3.3) mA, respectively. The median PW of all patients' 'walk-out' programs was 400 microseconds, approximately 48% higher than median chronaxie (p = 0.01), suggesting that chronaxie may not relate to patient-preferred stimulation settings. We found that 7/19 patients selected new PW programs, which significantly increased their paresthesia-pain overlap by 56% on average (p = 0.047). We estimated that 10/19 patients appeared to have greater paresthesia coverage, and 8/19 patients appeared to display a 'caudal shift' of paresthesia coverage with increased PW. LIMITATIONS Small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS Variable PW programming in SCS appears to have clinical value, demonstrated by some patients improving their paresthesia-pain overlap, as well as the ability to increase and even 'steer' paresthesia coverage.
Polygenic cis-regulatory adaptation in the evolution of yeast pathogenicity

The acquisition of new genes, via horizontal transfer or gene duplication/diversification, has been the dominant mechanism thus far implicated in the evolution of microbial pathogenicity. In contrast, the role of many other modes of evolution—such as changes in gene expression regulation—remains unknown. A transition to a pathogenic lifestyle has recently taken place in some lineages of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we identify a module of physically interacting proteins involved in endocytosis that has experienced selective sweeps for multiple cis-regulatory mutations that down-regulate gene expression levels in a pathogenic yeast. To test if these adaptations affect virulence, we created a panel of single-allele knockout strains whose hemizygous state mimics the genes' adaptive down-regulations, and measured their virulence in a mammalian host. Despite having no growth advantage in standard laboratory conditions, nearly all of the strains were more virulent than their wild-type progenitor, suggesting that these adaptations likely played a role in the evolution of pathogenicity. Furthermore, genetic variants at these loci were associated with clinical origin across 88 diverse yeast strains, suggesting the adaptations may have contributed to the virulence of a wide range of clinical isolates. We also detected pleiotropic effects of these adaptations on a wide range of morphological traits, which appear to have been mitigated by compensatory mutations at other loci. These results suggest that cis-regulatory adaptation can occur at the level of physically interacting modules and that one such polygenic adaptation led to increased virulence during the evolution of a pathogenic yeast.