Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable Matching for Wireless URLLC in Multi-Cellular, Multi-User Systems

Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) are considered as one of the key services of the upcoming fifth generation (5G) of wireless communications systems. Enabling URLLC is especially challenging due to the strict requirements in terms of latency and reliability. Multi-connectivity is a powerful approach to increase reliability. However, most of the current research is restricted to single-user scenarios, neglecting the challenges of multi-cellular, multi-user systems, i.e., interference and the competition for limited resources. In this article, we develop analytic comparisons of different connectivity approaches, showing that multi-connectivity may not always be optimal in the considered scenario. Moreover, we propose and evaluate novel resource allocation approaches based on stable matching theory to enable wireless URLLC. We extend the pure many-to-one stable matching procedure by utilizing the optimal connectivity approach for each user, optimizing the maximum number of matched resources, and providing a resource reservation mechanism for users suffering from bad channel conditions. System-level simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms baseline resource allocation approaches in outage probability by up to three orders of magnitude. Even in a highly loaded system, an outage probability in the range of ${10^{-5}}$ is achieved.
Entrepreneurship among Low-, Mid- and High-Income Workers in South America: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis

This paper studies the reasons underlying the entrepreneurial decisions of low-, middle-, and high-income workers in South America. Using data from the GEM APS for the period 2005-2017, we apply fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, allowing us to find causal links in the form of necessary conditions linked to entrepreneurship in the sample countries. Results show some differences in the conditions that lead individuals to become entrepreneurs, depending on income levels and gender. However, peer effects, the social perception of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial skills, and formal education seem decisive in different contexts, although they may operate in both complementary and substitutive ways. The same combination of conditions does not appear to work for all the countries, even when taking into account the gender and income level of workers.
Pseudomonas taeniospiralis sp. nov., an R-Body-Containing Hydrogen Bacterium

Strain 2Kl is the first free-living bacterium in which R bodies were detected. R bodies, previously known as kappa particles, consist of convoluted, proteinaceous ribbons and are typical and distinctive inclusions of cells of the genus Caedibacter Preer and Preer, obligately endosymbiotic bacteria of the Paramecium aurelia species complex. Strain 2Kl is a yellow-pigmented, polarly flagellated, mesophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium. This facultatively chemolithoauto-trophic organism can grow heterotrophically and is able to utilize a wide range of sugars; it can also grow heterotrophically as a denitrifying bacterium, but it does not fix nitrogen. Autotrophically grown cells contain a membrane-bound hydrogenase. Morphologically and biochemically, strain 2Kl differs from other hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and from the known species of Caedibacter. This bacterium is considered to be a new species, for which the name Pseudomonas taeniospiralis is proposed. The specific epithet refers to the outstanding property of this organism, namely, that it contains R bodies (i.e., inclusion bodies consisting of convoluted proteinaceous ribbons). The type strain of P. taeniospiralis, strain 2Kl, has been deposited with the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen as strain DSM 2082.
Novel Variable Length Teager Energy Profiles for Replay Spoof Detection

Replay attacks are developed in order to get fraudulent access of an Automatic Speaker Veriﬁcation (ASV) system. This attack requires only recording and playback devices. The replay speech gets affected by the use of quality of intermediate devices, and the level of noise present in the acoustic environment. In this paper, we propose Variable length Teager Energy Cep-stral Coefﬁcients (VTECC) for replay Spoof Speech Detection (SSD) task. Varying the Dependency Index in Variable length Teager Energy Operator (VTEO) changes the performance of SSD system. The Teager energy proﬁles and the spectral energy densities obtained show the discrimination information for different DIs. With DI=5, we got reduced % Equal Error Rate (EER) of 6.52 % and 11.93 % on development and evaluation set, respectively, on ASVspoof 2017 version 2.0 challenge database. We further used score-level fusion of baseline sys-tem (Constant Q Cepstral Coefﬁcients (CQCC) feature set) and VTECC and reduced the % EER to 5.85 % and 10.94 % on development and evaluation set, respectively. Furthermore, for evaluation set, we investigate the performance on different Re-play Conﬁgurations (RC). For all the levels of threats, the proposed feature set performed better compared to the other feature sets.
Multiple morphs of sperm were required for the evolution of the Sex Ratio trait in Drosophila

In Sex Ratio males of D. subobscura Y sperm degenerate. Nevertheless, Sex Ratio males can produce as many offspring as non‐Sex Ratio males. In order to find an explanation for the high number of offspring of Sex Ratio males we analysed spermatogenesis and sperm storage in females. Because D. subobscura has two morphs of sperm, short and long sperm, we studied the relationship of sperm heteromorphism to the Sex Ratio trait in this species.
Biomass and production of two vascular plants in a boreal mesotrophic fen

The vertical distribution of biomass and production was measured using indirect 14C isotope techniques in a boreal mesotrophic fen dominated by Carex rostrata and Potentilla palustris. The biomass of C. rostrata was high (2290 g∙m−2), 78% of which was fine-root biomass. Even with a low turnover rate (0.59 yr−1), fine roots also accounted for 74% of the total production of 1424 g∙m−2∙yr−1. The majority of the belowground biomass was found in the uppermost 30 cm. However, living roots of C. rostrata were found down to a depth of 230 cm. In fen ecosystems, the direct input of carbon through deep-penetrating roots to slowly decomposing layers may considerably affect the accumulation of peat. Keywords: biomass, Carex rostrata, fen, peat, production, roots.
Biodiversity of plant-parasitic nematodes of sugarcane in Bacita, Nigeria

Plant-parasitic nematodes of sugarcane have been variously reported to be associated with decline in sugarcane production. A field survey of the sugarcane plantation at Bacita, Nigeria was conducted to identify the diverse nematode species associated with the soils and roots of sugarcane and to determine their population densities on the field. Twelve species of plant-parasitic nematodes were found in association with the roots and rhizosphere of the sugarcane plants. They include: Pratylenchus zeae, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne sp. , Heterodera sacharri, Criconemoides limitaneum, Tylenchus sp. , Tylenchorynchus annulatus, Hemicyclophora sp. , Paratrichodorous sp. , Trichodorous sp. and Longidorus sp. Pratylenchus zeae was the most ubiquitous, occurring at a 100% frequency rating in all the samples. Longidorous sp. was not identified from the root samples. The investigation revealed a large diversity of important parasitic nematodes on the sugarcane plantation, thus there is a need for nematode control for improved yield. Key words: Sugarcane, nematode diversity, population density, frequency of occurrence, Bacita, Nigeria.
Chemotaxonomic studies in the Saxifragaceae s.l. 4. The flavonoids of Heuchera micrantha var. diversifolia

Sixty flavonoids were isolated from aerial parts of Heuchera micrantha var. diversifolia and identified. The flavonoid aglycones represented were kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, laricytrin (myricetin-3′-O-methyl ether), syringetin (myricetin-3′,5′-di-O-methyl ether), and luteolin. Flavonol glycosylation patterns included 3-O-monoglycosides, 3-O-diglycosides, 3-O-triglycosides, 3,7-di-O-monoglycosides, and 3-O-diglycoside-7-O-monoglycosides. Quercetin- and myricetin-3-O-glucoside-6″-gallates were also found. The sole luteolin derivative was the 7-O-glucoside. Also identified were the 3,5-di-O-glucosides of malvidin and either petunidin or delphinidin and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate. A brief discussion of the flavonoids of the Saxifragaceae is presented. Methods combining column and thin-layer chromatography are described which are generally useful for analysis of complex mixtures of polyphenolic compounds.
How feasible is it to replace urea with nitrates to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from extensively managed beef cattle

Reducing methane emissions from cattle in Australia will be dependent upon finding a strategy that can be readily adopted by its northern beef industry. The majority of the herd are located in this region and they graze low-quality tropical (C4) pastures, resulting in high methane output. There are few mitigation options that can be readily applied to extensively grazed cattle. The addition of nitrate to the diet of cattle has been shown to reduce methane production and may be an applicable strategy in northern Australia. Nitrogen is often the primary limiting nutrient in low-quality tropical pastures and it is common practice by industry to supplement with urea. Supplying an equivalent dose of nitrogen using nitrate as an alternative to urea has been demonstrated in cattle without adverse impacts upon animal productivity or health. These findings may not be directly applicable to grazing cattle in northern Australian because the diets and feeding management are not representative of the region. Nitrite toxicity can result from feeding nitrates to livestock and there is evidence that the composition of the total diet and feeding pattern influences the risk of toxicity. If nitrate supplementation in grazing beef cattle in northern Australia can be demonstrated to reduce methane and be applied safely, adoption rates will still depend on carbon market pricing. Current modelling suggests that the cost of supplementing beef cows with nitrate in northern Australia would be at least double the cost of urea supplementation.
Change Detection Based on Artificial Intelligence: State-of-the-Art and Challenges

Change detection based on remote sensing (RS) data is an important method of detecting changes on the Earth’s surface and has a wide range of applications in urban planning, environmental monitoring, agriculture investigation, disaster assessment, and map revision. In recent years, integrated artificial intelligence (AI) technology has become a research focus in developing new change detection methods. Although some researchers claim that AI-based change detection approaches outperform traditional change detection approaches, it is not immediately obvious how and to what extent AI can improve the performance of change detection. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art methods, applications, and challenges of AI for change detection. Specifically, the implementation process of AI-based change detection is first introduced. Then, the data from different sensors used for change detection, including optical RS data, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, street view images, and combined heterogeneous data, are presented, and the available open datasets are also listed. The general frameworks of AI-based change detection methods are reviewed and analyzed systematically, and the unsupervised schemes used in AI-based change detection are further analyzed. Subsequently, the commonly used networks in AI for change detection are described. From a practical point of view, the application domains of AI-based change detection methods are classified based on their applicability. Finally, the major challenges and prospects of AI for change detection are discussed and delineated, including (a) heterogeneous big data processing, (b) unsupervised AI, and (c) the reliability of AI. This review will be beneficial for researchers in understanding this field.
Taking the War on Drugs Down South: The Drug Enforcement Administration in Mexico (1973–1980)

This article offers a systematic and comprehensive account of the activities and policies of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in Mexico between 1973, the year in which the agency was founded, and 1980, the year when most of the documents related to the DEA’s presence in Mexico were declassified. The essay draws on primary sources found in various archives in Mexico and the United States, including many recently declassified cables, letters, intelligence reports, and internal memorandums produced by DEA officials.
Psychological and Pedagogical Factors to Organize Creative Online Contests for Children and Youth

The article addresses special aspects of organizing art online contests for schoolchildren and students. Perception and presentation of the creative product in the online form (photography, videoor audio clips) require a special approach towards establishing assessment criteria for the creative product. Online contests hide certain risks connected with the honesty of the participants, technical problems, impossibility to assess participant potential correctly at all times et cetera. Still, such contests resolve a number of issues connected with the adolescent and youth fears such as fear of public speaking, fear to hear the opinion of the jury and others. The authors propose methodological recommendations regarding the preparation of online contests based on the continuous psychological and pedagogical study of the phenomenon.
Loss of Nitrous Oxide from Animal Manure in Dungheaps

Abstract Concentrations of N2O in gas samples taken from dungheaps of cattle and pig manure were up to 100 times greater than the atmospheric concentration. The concentrations varied little with time but tended to increase with depth. The concentrations were less in fresh manure than in stored manure, and less in cattle manure than in pig manure. The rate of release of N2O from the manure surface was also determined. The mean rate from stored pig manure was 11 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1, which is low compared to typical total-N losses. The production of N2O is probably caused by microbial denitrification but could also arise from nitrification. The release of N2O may be accompanied by a greater release of N2, as the conditions in manure favour the denitrification process going to completion.
Frequency Dependence and Mating Behavior in Tribolium castaneum

An experiment utilizing the black mutant in Tribolium castaneum was designed to determine the contribution of mating behavior to the fitness of a genotype. The results indicated that, on the average, a male genotype produces relatively more offspring when it is in a minority than when it is in a majority. While frequency-dependent mating success may have been present, the experiment was unable to separate this effect from the frequency-dependent progeny production. The net result of the frequency dependence reported here and entitled frequency-dependent progeny production would be the maintenance of genetic variation in a population.
Optimization of Energy Management for UAV-Enabled Cognitive Radio

The deployment of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled cognitive radio system in the area covered by primary network is studied in this letter. The UAV shares the spectrum with primary user (PU) and aims to maximize the transmitted bits with limited battery capacity. When the UAV flies towards the primary transmitter, the sensing performance and throughput of the UAV system will be improved. However, the energy consumption increases linearly with the flying distance. The goal of this letter is to find the optimal position of the UAV and optimize the sensing performance as well as the power allocation such that the transmitted bits is maximized while the PU is sufficiently protected. An iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to obtain the system parameters. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed approach in terms of transmitted bits as compared to other schemes.
A DYNAMICAL THEORY OF HETEROCHRONY: TIME-SEQUENCING CHANGES IN ECOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION

This work provides a foundation for a quantitative dynamical theory of heterochronic processes in the evolution of colonial invertebrate animals including Bryozoans, Siphonophores and Ants. These processes are environmentally induced changes in the time-sequencing of growth and development which can produce alterations in the morphotypes or castes within an individual colony. Motivation comes from Křivan’s theory of environmentally induced constraints on population densities for ecological interactions, but the present theory is second order with allometric production variables xi and population densities for morphotypes, Ni. We are able to unite ecological theory and the allometric form of the Wilson Ergonomic Theory via projective differential geometry and Wagner spaces which provide a natural description of environmentally induced time-sequencing changes altering the allometric curve of a species. Such changes define a model of heterochronic processes important in paleontology.
Whinchat survival estimates across Europe: can excessive adult mortality explain population declines?

European farmland birds show massive large‐scale population declines due to agricultural intensification. Long‐distance migrants are particularly affected as their populations appear to undergo larger declines than those of residents and short‐distance migrants, raising the question about the impact of non‐breeding environmental conditions and their potential impact on annual survival. The whinchat Saxicola rubetra, an Afro‐Palaearctic migrant inhabiting open habitats, has strongly declined over the last decades. Most of the conservation effort for this species has focused on improving the breeding success in Europe, but it remains unclear whether habitat changes in non‐breeding areas may also have contributed to the population declines through a decrease in adult survival. We studied survival of whinchats from eight breeding populations across Europe by analysing capture–recapture data. We found that apparent survival was consistently higher in males than in females and higher in successful than in failed breeders independently of the sex. True adult survival may, however, hardly differ between sexes being about 0.5 and 0.6 and a simple population model suggests true juvenile survival to be between 0.2 and 0.35. Adult survival was unrelated to population trends suggesting that the main demographic problem of the whinchats is likely insufficient reproduction, a feature that is shared with other declining grassland specialists. Finally, in line with results on other migratory farmland species, our study suggests that conservation activities for whinchats should in first place focus on Europe.
Seed rain beneath remnant trees in a slash-and-burn agricultural system in southern Cameroon

On clearing fields, Ntumu farmers in southern Cameroon leave some large trees. The seed rain beneath 30 such remnant trees (12 species) was compared with that 10 m away from the edges of their crowns. Of a total of 39 765 seeds recorded in 90 seed traps over 2 y, 73.6% were of species different from the tree associated with each set of traps (‘foreign seed rain’). Seed rain included 100 morphospecies, two-thirds of which possessed endozoochorous seeds. Seeds of the pioneer tree Musanga cecropioides accounted for 71.4% of total foreign seed rain; seeds of this and other animal-dispersed species accounted for 94.5% of the total. Seed rain was 25 times higher beneath remnant trees than 10 m away. Mean species richness of monthly seed rain was three times higher beneath remnant trees than 10 m away. Both fleshy-fruited and wind-dispersed species of remnant trees attracted seed-dispersing animals which greatly enhanced the seed rain; attraction thus did not depend solely on presence of fleshy fruits. Seed rain was lower when human activity in fields was intense and increased during the period of growth of the last crops, which were not usually weeded. Heavy seed rain just before fallow may contribute significantly to regeneration, as does the presence of remnant trees.
Wideband Linearization of a Carrier Aggregation Transmitter Using Analog Signal Injection and 2-D Digital Predistortion

We introduce a transmitter (TX) architecture and a linearization technique for concurrent transmission of two intraband noncontiguous carrier aggregation signals in the 5 GHz frequency band. The technique is based on low-power and narrowband analog signal injection to compensate for out-of-band (OOB) third-order intermodulation distortions (IMD3), together with 2-D digital predistortion to address error vector magnitude (EVM) degradation caused by in-band intermodulation and cross-modulation distortions. The hybrid analog-digital design enables wideband linearization over the entire third-order distortion bandwidth (BW) using practical sampling rate requirements from the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The system’s performance was evaluated using a class AB power amplifier implemented in the 180 nm CMOS technology and two VHT 802.11ac Wi-Fi signals with a 20 MHz modulation BW. The linearization technique achieves 7–12 dB cancellation of OOB IMD3 products along with 6–9 dB of in-band EVM correction at 8 dBm average output power over a BW of up to 1.2 GHz, with only 60 MHz BW requirement from the DACs and ADCs.
Development and Application of an Immunocapture PCR Diagnostic Assay Based on the Monoclonal Antibody for the Detection of Shigella

Background: Shigella is among the most important human pathogenic microorganisms, infecting both humans and nonhuman and causing clinically severe diarrhea. Shigella must be enriched before detection, which is time-consuming. Objectives: To develop a sensitive, rapid, and specific method for Shigella detection. Materials and Methods: Shigella was used as an antigen to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs were screened via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot, and two mAbs were selected. The mAb A3 showed high affinity and specificity and was used to develop immune magnetic beads (IMBs) for Shigella enrichment. An immunocapture (IC)-PCR primer was designed from the ipaH gene, and IC-PCR was developed based on the IMBs and PCR. Results: This system shortened the Shigella detection time to 70 min. The sensitivity of the IC-PCR was 9 colony-forming units.mL-1 in artificial milk. The accuracy of the IC-PCR was confirmed using 46 clinical samples collected from monkeys. The IC-PCR results were consistent with the serological and biochemical assays. Conclusion: The IC-PCR described herein accurately detected Shigella from milk samples, monkeys and can thus be used to complement classical detection methods.