Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An 8 miRNA-Based Risk Score System for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Background: Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) might influence prognosis of PTC. This study is aimed to develop a risk score system for predicting prognosis of PTC. Methods: The miRNA and gene expression profiles of PTC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. PTC samples were randomly separated into training set (n = 248) and validation set (n = 248). The differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in the training set were screened using limma package. The independent prognosis-associated DE-miRNAs were identified for building a risk score system. Risk score of PTC samples in the training set was calculated and samples were divided into high risk group and low risk group. Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the accuracy of the risk score system in the training set, validation set and entire set. Finally, a miRNA-gene regulatory network was visualized by Cytoscape software, followed by enrichment analysis. Results: Totally, 162 DE-miRNAs between tumor and control groups in the training set were identified. An 8 independent prognosis-associated DE-miRNAs, (including miR-1179, miR-133b, miR-3194, miR-3912, miR-548j, miR-6720, miR-6734, and miR-6843) based risk score system was developed. The area under ROC curve in the training set, validation set and entire set was all above 0.93. A miRNA-gene regulatory network involving the 8 DE-miRNAs were built and functional enrichment analysis suggested the genes in the network were significantly enriched into 13 pathways, including calcium signaling pathway and hedgehog signaling pathway. Conclusion: The risk score system developed this study might be used for predicting the prognosis of PTC. Besides, the 8 miRNAs might affect the prognosis of PTC via hedgehog signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway.
Camouflage and perceptual organization in the animal kingdom

Camouflage allows the bearer to ‘hide in plain sight’ by means of colour patterns that interfere with detection. Basic principles of camouflage that were proposed over a century ago by artists and natural historians have informed recent studies that seek to tease apart the different mechanisms by which camouflage exploits perception. The probability of detection is lowered by matching background colours and textures or using sharply contrasting colours to disrupt the body’s outline or salient features such as eyes. The effectiveness of much animal camouflage against humans, even though the patterns evolved to fool different viewers, suggests that diverse visual systems share similar principles of perceptual organization. As such, animal camouflage might reveal universal principles that apply regardless of retinal organisation and neural architecture. We review the recent literature on animal camouflage in this light, from experimental studies of texture perception by fish and cephalopod molluscs, to the visual effects used to defeat figure ground segregation of 2-D and 3-D objects in birds and mammals.
Bacterial endophytes of rice: Their diversity, characteristics and perspectives

Plants are the major source of carbohydrates for the heterotrophic microorganisms on Earth. For their growth, the latter organisms thus rely heavily on the efficient production of photoassimilates by plants. Plants even make use of diverse compounds to interact, and form associations, with often mutualistic beneficial bacteria. On the other hand, bacteria possess a wide range of metabolic properties that may modulate plant growth. Bacteria living inside plants, i.e. bacterial endophytes, might intimately interact with cells of the host, taking up secreted metabolites and releasing plant-growth-promoting (PGP) compounds. This synergistic interaction has been recently demonstrated and exemplifies a so-called double-fitness trait which is active in the plant-endophyte partnership. The ecological role of bacterial endophytes that can improve sustainable agriculture is further
Study of image guided fine needle aspiration cytology in cases of hepatic mass lesions

Introduction: Ultrasound guided Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been provedto be a very effective and rapid means of obtaining tissue from liver for pathological evaluation of benign, malignant and inflammatory hepatic lesions. Aims and objectives: The role of Fine needle aspiration cytology as a first line of investigation in space occupying lesions of liver and to study the various cytological patterns in hepatic lesions, categorizing them into nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study comprising of 76 cases of liver lesions diagnosed clinically or radiologically. Abdominal ultrasonography was carried out in all cases. FNAC was performed under ultrasound guidance. Smears were stained with H & E (Hematoxylene & Eosin) and Wrights stain and were examined for detailed cytomorphological analysis. Results: Among 76 cases included in the study, cases of primary malignancy of liver (Hepatocellular carcinoma) were 45(59%), and metastatic carcinomas were 21(28%). Benign neoplastic lesions were total 4(5%) including hepatic adenoma 3cases and 1case of hemangioma. About 6 (8%) cases were found to be inflammatory lesions of liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma was most common diagnosis followed by liver metastasis of adenocarcinoma. Frequency of hepatic mass lesions was almost equal in both male (39 cases) and female (37 cases) being ratio of 1:1. Conclusion: Guided FNA is a first line of investigation in space occupying lesions of liver as the procedure is safe, simple, rapid, effective and can be employed for pathological evaluation of both malignant and non-malignant hepatic lesions. Malignant tumors were the commonest of the liver lesions with highincidences of primary and metastatic deposits. On radiological examination, neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions show overlapping features, hence cytomorphological analysis by FNAC increases the diagnostic accuracy.
Preparation and properties of UV-curable polyurethane-acrylate coatings of pre-coated metal (PCM): effect of polyol type/contents on adhesive property

Abstract Since UV curing coatings form a coating film with low adhesive property, it is difficult to use it as a coating for pre-coated metal (PCM) of post-processing method which has been actively studied recently. In this study, to apply UV-curing type coatings to pre-coated metal (PCM), which is applied as a method to improve productivity and to shorten the coating process, urethane acrylate oligomers were synthesized by using the content of polycaprolactone diol and hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol as a soft segment. UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coatings were prepared by varying the kind and content of the reactive diluent (IBOA, TMPEOTA). The urethane-acrylate oligomer and the coatings were well-prepared and confirmed using FT-IR. The storage modulus at RT, tensile strength and modulus were the highest values and the elongation at break was low. Also, as TMPEOTA content increased, the Tg of hard segment and storage modulus at RT, tensile strength and modulus increased, but elongation at break decreased. The surface free energy of all coating films was lower than that of metal plate. And the adhesive property of coatings using HPBD polyol of 30 and 50 mole% was the best and pencil hardness was also high in these coatings. MEK rubbing was increased with the increase of HPBD polyol and TMPEOTA content.
Feeding Preference, Nymphal Development Time, Bodyweight Increase, and Survival Rate of the Bean Bug, Riptortus clavatus (Thurnberg) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), on Soybean Varieties

The soybean varieties the bean bug preferred the least were Kwangankong, Namhaekong, Sunamkong, Sorogkong, and Anpyeongkong, and next to them was Pungsannamulkong, among 25 varieties examined. Myongjunamulkong and Eunhakong supported a good growth of the bug as the daily gains of weight of 3rd instar nymphs were 14,9 and 13.9 mg, respectively. On the other hand the bug on Punsannamulkong gained weight daily as little as 10.1 mg. On Pungsannamulkong the nymphal development of the bean bug took days, about three days longer than those on Myunjunamulkong and Eunhakong. The survival of the bean bug on Punsannamulkong was 83%, slightly lower than those on Myunjunarnulkong and Eunhakong. It seemed evident that Pungsannamulkong have a non-preference type resistance to the bean bug.
Anti-inflammatory activity of Codium fragile in macrophages induced by Peptidoglycan.

To fine out the anti-inflammatory activities of the C. fragile. and its mechanism were investigated in macrophages induced by Peptidoglycan (PGN). Treatments of macrophages with 100 ug/ml of ethanol extract of Codium fragile (EECF) inhibited PGN-induced IL-6, NO and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner as well as expression of iNOS and COX-2. EECF inhibited PGN-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, JNK 1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which suggests that EECF inhibits IL-6 and NO secretion by blocking MAPKs phosphorylation. These findings may help elucidate the mechanism by which EECF modulates RAW 264.7 cell activation under inflammatory conditions.
Complete mitochondrial genomes throw light on budding speciation in three Biston species (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)

Biston panterinaria, Biston thibetaria and Biston perclara are very closely related species in the genus Biston, judged on the basis of both morphological and molecular evidence. The distribution area and altitudes, and host plants of these three species also show both consistency and differences. However, the exact relationship between the three species is unclear. In this study, we used the ‘distance‐based method’, the ‘tree‐based method’ and Bayesian phylogenetics and phylogeography to elucidate the relationship between the three species. Phylogenetic trees based on mitogenomes, COI+CYTB+16S and three nuDNA genes were constructed. The results of the phylogenetic trees revealed that B. thibetaria and B. perclara were derived from B. panterinaria and render the latter paraphyletic. The budding process of speciation is therefore presumed to be the main factor causing a phylogenetic relationship of this pattern. A host shift from broad‐leaved plants living at low altitudes to gymnosperms living at relatively high altitudes provides evidence of budding speciation in these three species. The divergence time suggests that the budding speciation occurred at approximately 1.38 Ma, which is consistent with the Kunlun‐Yellow River Movement. Tectonic movements occurring around the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau may be the driver of the budding speciation.
The heart of the neural crest: cardiac neural crest cells in development and regeneration

ABSTRACT Cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) are a migratory cell population that stem from the cranial portion of the neural tube. They undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migrate through the developing embryo to give rise to portions of the outflow tract, the valves and the arteries of the heart. Recent lineage-tracing experiments in chick and zebrafish embryos have shown that cNCCs can also give rise to mature cardiomyocytes. These cNCC-derived cardiomyocytes appear to be required for the successful repair and regeneration of injured zebrafish hearts. In addition, recent work examining the response to cardiac injury in the mammalian heart has suggested that cNCC-derived cardiomyocytes are involved in the repair/regeneration mechanism. However, the molecular signature of the adult cardiomyocytes involved in this repair is unclear. In this Review, we examine the origin, migration and fates of cNCCs. We also review the contribution of cNCCs to mature cardiomyocytes in fish, chick and mice, as well as their role in the regeneration of the adult heart. Summary: This Review covers the recent reports that cardiac neural crest cells can adopt a cardiomyocyte cell fate and that these cells may play important roles in the cardiac regeneration response to injury.
Retrospective analysis of the histopathologic features of basal cell carcinomas in pediatric patients with basal cell nevus syndrome

Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused most often by a loss‐of‐function mutation in the Patched‐1 (PTCH1) gene. It is characterized by the development of varied benign and malignant tumors, including numerous cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). The PTCH1 gene is integral in hair follicle development and loss of function mutation may lead to BCCs with an infundibulocystic histopathology in BCNS patients. Few studies have described the histopathological features of BCCs in BCNS. The recognition of these histopathologic features by dermatologists, dermatopathologists, and others caring for children will allow earlier and more effective identification of BCNS. We performed a retrospective analysis of 25 BCCs in 11 patients aged 5 to 19 years with BCNS and evaluated the histopathologic features on hematoxylin‐eosin‐stained sections. Our study found that 80% of BCCs in BCNS patients occurred on the head and neck with 64% of the specimens demonstrating infundibulocystic differentiation. Infundibulocystic differentiation is a common finding in BCCs found in BCNS. The finding of cutaneous neoplasms consistent with BCC with infundibulocystic differentiation in children is common in pediatric patients with BCNS and can be considered to be an early marker of the disorder, prompting further clinical investigation.
Functions for estimating belowground and whole tree biomass of birch in Norway

ABSTRACT Obtaining accurate estimates of national belowground and whole tree biomass is important to better understand the global carbon cycle and to quantify biomass stocks and changes. However, the availability of individual tree belowground biomass functions is generally low due to the difficulty of extracting roots. Allometric birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Betula pendula Roth) biomass functions were derived from 67 trees for belowground and whole tree biomass using diameter at breast height (dbh) and height as the independent variables. The sampled trees spanned a dbh range from 4.0 to 45.5 cm and the functions provided a good fit to the data (RMSE = 14.2 kg for BG and 40.7 kg for whole tree with dbh as predictor). Belowground, total stem, live crown, and dead branch biomass comprised 29.2%, 52.2%, 18.1%, and 0.5% of the whole tree biomass, respectively. Observed root-to-shoot ratios were between 0.21 and 0.88 with a mean of 0.42. Comparisons with existing belowground birch biomass functions from Fennoscandia indicated considerable differences in estimates between existing functions. The derived data-set for belowground birch biomass is the largest in Fennoscandia and the developed functions are likely the best available for estimating national birch biomass stock and stock change in Norway.
Anaesthetic efficacy of table salt on two live fishes Anabas testudineus and Channa punctatus

Different concentrations of table salt (NaCl) were evaluated for its induction/anaesthetic and physiological effects on two live fish species viz . , Anabas testudineus (Koi) and Channa punctatus (Taki). The time taken to immobilize and fully anaesthesize the fishes were quite long, 36-52.83 hours and 37.75-53 hours respectively for Koi, 64.50-71.50 hours and 68.25- 71.50 hours respectively for Taki, but thereafter a quick mortality occurred in both species. The induction time was negatively related with the concentrations of salt, and independent of the intrinsic factors (total length and total weight) of the fish. No changes in the colours of skin, eye and gill were observed at lower concentrations were observed in A. testudineus , but the eye and gill were found to be affected at low concentrations in C. punctatus , irrespective of the exposure time. Table salt produced a bad smell at all concentrations at longer exposure in both species of fish. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4 (1): 41-49, 2015 (June)
More on Dombi operations and Dombi aggregation operators for q-rung orthopair fuzzy values

Dombi operations which include the Dombi product and Dombi sum are special cases of t-norms and t-conorms besides the algebraic operations. Recently, operations and aggregation operators for q-rung orthopair fuzzy values (q-ROFVs) based on Dombi operations were proposed. In this paper, we further discuss some additional issues relating to Dombi operations and Dombi aggregation operators of q-ROFVs. First, we give a reasonable explanation for the definition of the Dombi scalar multiplication and Dombi exponentiation which are constructed respectively by the Dombi sum and Dombi product over q-ROFVs, and then investigate the fundamental properties of these operations. Subsequently, the shift-invariance and homogeneity properties of the q-rung orthopair fuzzy Dombi weighted averaging/geometric operators are analyzed. And the boundedness of aforementioned aggregation operators are precisely characterized with respect to the parameter in Dombi operations. Finally, a method for multiattribute decision making is proposed by utilizing the developed operators under the q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment and an example of the selection of investment companies is given to illustrate the detailed decision making process.
Revision of the lysianassoid genera Acidostoma and Shackletonia (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Acidostomatidae fam. nov.)

The new lysianassoid amphipod family Acidostomatidae is described for the widespread genus Acidostoma Lilljeborg, 1865and the endemic Antarctic genus Shackletonia K.H. Barnard, 1931. All species of Acidostoma are described including three new species. Acidostoma obesum (Bate & Westwood, 1861) is discussed in detail.
APT attack detection based on flow network analysis techniques using deep learning

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks are a form of malicious, intentionally and clearly targeted attack. This attack technique is growing in both the number of recorded attacks and the extent of its dangers to organizations, businesses and governments. Therefore, the task of detecting and warning APT attacks in the real system is very necessary today. One of the most effective approaches to APT attack detection is to apply machine learning or deep learning to analyze network traffic. There have been a number of studies and recommendations to analyze network traffic into network flows and then combine with some classification or clustering methods to look for signs of APT attacks. In particular, recent studies often apply machine learning algorithms to spot the present of APT attacks based on network flow. In this paper, a new method based on deep learning to detect APT attacks using network flow is proposed. Accordingly, in our research, network traffic is analyzed into IP-based network flows, then the IP information is reconstructed from flow, and finally deep learning models are used to extract features for detecting APT attack IPs from other IPs. Additionally, a combined deep learning model using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) and Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) is introduced. The new detection model is evaluated and compared with some traditional machine learning models, i.e. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and single GCN models, in the experiments. Experimental results show that BiLSTM-GCN model has the best performance in all evaluation scores. This not only shows that deep learning application on flow network analysis to detect APT attacks is a good decision but also suggests a new direction for network intrusion detection techniques based on deep learning.
Chapter 5:The CYP2A Subfamily

Among the major CYP subfamilies participating in xenobiotic metabolism, the CYP2A subfamily has received relatively little attention. This is due to the facts that the human CYP2A enzymes have very restricted substrate specificities and they are minor hepatic forms in quantitative terms. However, in.
Study on Biological Efficacy of Dihydromyricetin

This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect of the flavonoid,dihydromyricetin(DMY) extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata.The results showed that its toxicity is very slight,and the greatest tolerance of oral gavage rats is 5.0 g/kg.DMY adminitered to mice by gavage for 30 days can effectively prevent the alcohol-induced liver GSH depletion and MDA content increase,reduce the TG content,ease fatty degeneration of liver cells caused by alcohol.So DMY is known as a strong antioxidant,and can effectively prevent alcohol-induced liver injury.Therefore,DMY as natural antioxidant has a good development prospect.
In-thrombus thrombin secretion: a new diagnostic marker of atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke

Background Endovascularly retrieved clots are a potential resource for diagnosing stroke etiology, which may influence secondary prevention treatment. In this study we measured thrombin activity eluted by serially washing clots. Methods Clots were retrieved from 68 patients with acute ischemic stroke, freshly frozen and classified by standard criteria into proven atrial fibrillation (AF, 18 patients), atherosclerotic origin (AS, 15 patients), cryptogenic stroke (Cr, 17 patients) and other known causes (18 patients). Thawed clot samples were washed by transferring them into 1 mL buffer in seven hourly cycles and a fluorescent substrate assay was used to measure secreted thrombin activity. The clots were also examined histologically. Artificial fibrin and red blood cell-rich clots were similarly assayed for wash-eluted thrombin activity as an external control. Results Thrombin activity eluted from clots of AF origin decreased significantly with time in contrast to steady levels eluted from AS origin thrombi (P<0.0001 by repeated measures ANOVA). The Cr stroke group was indistinguishable from the AF group and differed statistically from the AS group (P=0.017 by repeated measures ANOVA). In artificial clots we found a biphasic activity pattern, with initially decreasing levels of eluted thrombin (AF pattern) and then, with continuing washes, steady eluted thrombin levels (AS pattern). Conclusions An assay measuring the change in thrombin in clots retrieved during acute stroke endovascular thrombectomy procedures may serve as a diagnostic marker of the origin of the clot. The suggested mechanism for these differences may be the clot location before its retrieval, with high blood flow causing thrombin washout in atherosclerotic clots, in contrast to atrium appendage low blood flow retaining high thrombin levels.
Genome‐wide association analysis of sucrose concentration in soybean (Glycine max L.) seed based on high‐throughput sequencing

The sucrose concentration in soybean seed significantly affects the flavor of soybean‐derived products. In this study, an association panel of 178 elite accessions and 33,149 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was utilized to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) of sucrose concentration in soybean seeds by genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Five QTNs (rs2688589, rs29026218, rs5926884, rs6886889, and rs10299216) distributed across five genomic regions in five chromosomes were identified in two or more locations by GWAS. A total of 60 candidate genes near the 200‐kb flanking region of these five identified loci were identified. Three of these genes (Glyma.04G032600, Glyma.04G034600, and Glyma.11G092100) have been reported to be involved in the process of sugar biosynthesis. Based on gene‐based association and haplotype analyses, a total of 35 SNPs from 10 genes associated with sucrose concentration were identified. Of them, Glyma.04G032600 was the only gene that has been reported to be related to sucrose content; the other nine genes were novel and may be associated with sucrose content. These beneficial alleles and candidate genes may be of great value in improving sucrose content in soybean seeds.