Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Déficit hídrico na eficiência de herbicidas e nas características bioquímicas de Euphorbia heterophylla

The objective of this work was to evaluate conditions the effectiveness of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitors in the Bidens pilosa control under two water deficit conditions, as well as to determine the action under the content of soluble carbohydrates and protein and free amino acids of weed. The experimental design was randomized completely design, with four replications, with the treatments setup in a factorial scheme 4x2, with four herbicides (fomesafen lactofen, chlorimuron-ethyl and imazethapyr), and two soil water conditions (-0.5 MPa and –0.01MPa). At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA), was assessed visually control efficiency of herbicides. For the determination of organic solutes plants were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after application (HAA), except for the amino acids were analyzed 48, 72 e 96 HAA. Herbicides fomesafen and lactofen were efficient to control E. heterophylla , while the ALS inhibitors (chlorimuron-ethyl e imazethapyr) provided an unsatisfactory control. Water deficit altered the efficiency of herbicides, mainly chlorimuronethyl. Lactofen provided a smaller content of soluble carbohydrates, in the same way, the protein ranged in the 72 HAA, the lower value observed for imazethapyr e lactofen respectively. Herbicide lactofen increased the concentration of free amino acids, while the imposition of water deficit caused an increase in soluble carbohydrate content.
Role of Phenotypic Switching in Stability and Persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

Objectives: Objective: This study was designed to explore the role of different phenotypes of P. aeruginosa in the development, stability and persistence of biofilm. Methods: A total of seventeen (17) waterborne biofilm producing strains of P. aeruginosa were studied. These isolates were identified on the basis of typical phenotypic characters and the tube method was used for the study of biofilms. Population and phenotypic variance were studied by the drop plate method. The hydrophobicity of strains was evaluated by the bacterial adhesion to apolar solvent test. Results: Study showed that the subject isolates of P. aeruginosa adopted a biofilm life style after 36 h of incubation at 35 °C. After 24 h the adhesion started, but it was reversible and easily dispersed by simple washing. However, after 36 h the irreversible adhesion was noticed. The biofilm consortia harbor three different phenotypes: i. wild types, showed typical P. aeruginosa characters on Cetrimide agar; ii. Slow growers, showed poor pigmentation and take >36 h for colony development, and iii. Small colony variants (SCVs) are metabolically inactive and producing pinpointed non pigmented colonies. Comparative analysis showed that these phenotypes i.e. SCVs were highly hydrophobic and persistent in biofilm consortia due to the production of excessive amounts of exopolysaccharides. Conclusions: This study showed that phenotypic heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of P. aeruginosa biofilms and all of these phenotypes have a major role in stability and persistence of biofilm consortia. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(1):10-17.
Reverse hybrid total hip arthroplasty, a good alternative to uncemented total hip arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty is the treatment of choice for primary and secondary arthritis of the hip joint. Uncemented total hip is the implant of choice in young adults with good bone stock in the acetabulum and femur. Correspondingly, cemented implants are preferred in patients with poor bone quality and in elderly. Uncemented prosthesis are relatively expensive when compared to cemented but have longer viability. A prospective study conducted at Vydehi institute of medical sciences between July 2016 and may 2018 on 21 patients using reverse hybrid total hip arthroplasty and follow up was done post op, 6, 12, 24 weeks and 1 year post operatively. Functional outcome assessed using Modified Harris Hip score. The data was analyzed using a Chi square test for equal proportions was applied for categorical variables and Independent sample t test was applied. The mean pain score during pre-operative period was 11.43±3.59 and during post-operative period was 41.71± 4.26. The difference between the pre and postoperative pain scores was statistically significant. The mean functional gait score during pre-operative stage was 10.24±8.23 & during post-operative stage was 41.71 ± 4.26, the t value corresponding to this mean difference was -8.609 and its corresponding p value was 0.000<0.05. Since p value is less than 0.05, there was statistically significant difference between the pre and post-operative scores. The mean functional activity score during pre-operative stage was 5.29±2.47 and during post-operative stage was 12.0 ± 1.41. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre and post-operative scores in the study group. The mean total score during pre-operative stage was 33.43±12.33 and during postoperative stage was 89.43±8.73. The difference between pre and post-operative scores was statistically
Study of Platinum Nanoparticles with Methotrexate as Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy on MCF7

The present study aims to innovative nanotechnology that can overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), raise drug localization, and efficiency. This is done by applying a nanotechnology technique to cancer cells, which lead up to a new prospect for developing treatment methods on cancer cells. Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) was synthesized by the chemical approach in a range of different temperatures (180- 200-220-240-260°C), the characteristics of Pt NPs were measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-visible spectroscopy, zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cytotoxicity of Pt NPs was tested in vitro by applying it on MCF7 cell lines first as an anticancer agent, second as a drug delivery system by combining the nanoparticle with Methotrexate together, and third as an applied Methotrexate alone on cell lines. The effect of Pt NPs and Methotrexate was measured by MCF7 assay to evaluate their drug delivery activity and anticancer activity. The result of the MCF7 assay test shows a great potential of Pt NPs with a high inhibition rate of cancer cell growth. How to cite this article: Al-Karam, L.Q. and Al-Neami A.Q. , (2019). Study of Platinum Nanoparticles with Methotrexate as Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy on MCF7. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 9(4): 575-579. Source of support: Nil. Conflict of interest: None.
Non-adherence to Anti-retroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Individuals in Kyrgyzstan: Prevalence and Risk Factors, 2014-2016

Backgrounds: Currently in Kyrgyzstan, ART (antiretroviral therapy) is freely provided to HIV-infected individuals on clinical grounds. Strict adherence to ART is required, it improves HIV-infected individuals’ survival and quality of life, prevents HIV transmission and drug resistance. Our study aims to identify the prevalence of non-adherence to ART therapy and factors associated with it so that strategies can be designed to help maintain adherence. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we enrolled randomly selected 432 individuals, ≥ 18 years of age, from among all HIV-infected individuals in Kyrgyzstan (n = 950) who started ART during Jan. 2014-Sep. 2016. All were followed up until Dec. 2016. Non-adherents were: (1) individuals lost to follow-up; (2) individuals who missed ≥ 4.5 days of treatment per 30 days during the study period—this was established by comparing the total tablets prescribed, dates of visits for treatment, and number of tablets consumed. We reviewed the country’s HIV surveillance data and medical facilities records. We collected information on the known non-adherent risk factors, HIV clinical presentation, and details of treatment-regimens. We used logistic regression to assess the risk factors and non-adherent associations. Results: The overall non-adherence rate was 50% (214/432). In sub-group analysis, the highest rate was: 61% (50/82) among alcohol abusers, 60% (65/109) in those who received ≥ 2 tablets/dose, 59% (44/75) in those receiving ≥ 2 doses/day, 57% (89/155) in drug users, and 53% (144/271) in individuals aged < 40 years. In multivariate analysis, ≥ 2 tablets/dose (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.1), age < 40 years (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.6), and alcohol abuse (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1-2.8) were associated with non-adherence. Conclusion: The observed non-adherence rate is unacceptably high. Adherence can be improved by introducing the one tablet/day treatment regimen, establishing regular contact with those under ART, and providing them with appropriate counseling, especially those < 40 years of age or with substance abuse.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrano[3,2-C]Chromene Derivatives: Exploring Their Optoelectronic and Charge Transport Properties By First-Principles Approach

With the aim to enhance the charge transport, optoelectronic and semiconducting properties various multifunctional pyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives were synthesized and characterized. To shed light on the various properties of interests, the ground state geometries were optimized by Density Functional Theory (DFT). The effect of different substituents, e.g., thiophen-2-yl, 5-bromothiophen-2-yl, 1H-indol-3-yl, pyridin-3-yl, and benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl was studied on the structural stability, electronic properties, and absorption wavelengths by DFT and Time-Domain DFT (TDDFT). The experimental excitation energies were successfully reproduced at TD-PBE/6-31G** level in DMSO. The electron injection barrier, ionization potential, electron affinity and reorganization energies for hole and electron were calculated and compared systematically. The smaller electron reorganization energies of pyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives except indole substituted one are illuminating that these materials would be efficient to be used in n-type semiconductor devices.
Self-assembled hydrophobic Ala-Aib peptide encapsulating curcumin: a convenient system for water insoluble drugs

The exploitation of self-assembled systems to improve the solubility of drugs is getting more and more attention. Among the different types of self-assembled biomaterials, peptides and in particular peptides containing non-coded amino acids (NCAPs) are promising because their use opens the door to more stable materials inducing increased stability to proteolysis. New classes of NCAP, Ac-Ala-X-Ala-Aib-AlaCONH2 (X = alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) or X = cyclopentane amino acid (Ac5c)) have been prepared and the correlation between the different secondary peptide structure and solvent (i.e. CD3CN, CD3OH, H2O/D2O) verified by NMR. Furthermore, the formation of a nanocolloidal system in water was deeply studied by DLS and the morphology of the obtained spherical aggregates with nanometric dimensions was assessed by TEM. Aib containing pentapeptide was selected for greater ease of synthesis. Its ability to encapsulate curcumin, as a model insoluble drug molecule, was investigated using fluorescence emission and confocal microscopy analyses. Two different approaches were used to study the interaction between curcumin and peptide aggregates. In the first approach peptide aggregates were formed in the presence of curcumin, while in the second approach curcumin was added to the already formed peptide aggregates. We succeeded in our challenge by using the second approach and 53.8% of added curcumin had been encapsulated.
The microbial abundance dynamics of the paediatric oral cavity before and after sleep

ABSTRACT Objective: Microhabitats in the oral cavity differ in microbial taxonomy. However, abundance variations of bacterial and viral communities within these microhabitats are not fully understood. Aims and Hypothesis: To assess the spatial distribution and dynamics of the microbial abundances within 6 microhabitats of the oral cavity before and after sleep. We hypothesise that the abundance distributions of these microbial communities will differ among oral sites. Methods: Using flow cytometry, bacterial and virus-like particle (VLP) abundances were enumerated for 6 oral microhabitats before and after sleep in 10 healthy paediatric sleepers. Results: Bacterial counts ranged from 7.2 ± 2.8 × 105 at the palate before sleep to 1.3 ± 0.2 × 108 at the back of the tongue after sleep, a difference of 187 times. VLPs ranged from 1.9 ± 1.0 × 106 at the palate before sleep to 9.2 ± 5.0 × 107 at the back of the tongue after sleep, a difference of 48 times. Conclusion: The oral cavity is a dynamic numerically heterogeneous environment where microbial communities can increase by a count of 100 million during sleep. Quantification of the paediatric oral microbiome complements taxonomic diversity information to show how biomass varies and shifts in space and time.
Antioxidant activities, proteolytic activity and growth behavior of Lactobacillus cultures during fermentation of goat milk

In the study, five Lactobacillus cultures i.e. Lb. fermentum (M3), Lb. casei (NK9), Lb. rhamnosus (M8), Lb. rhamnosus (M9) and Lb. paracasei (M11) were used for the fermentation of goat milk. Lactobacillus cultures were evaluated for their growth behavior on pH, acidity and Lactobacillus counts for different time periods. We found that pH reduction by Lactobacillus cultures in goat milk medium was ranged from pH 6.25 at 0 h to pH 3.06 after 48h at 37oC, for acidity produced by Lactobacillus cultures was ranged from 0.28 in 0 h to 3.21%LA after 48 h at 37oC and for lactic counts (log CFU/ml) were ranged from 3.87 log CFU/ml at 0 h to 9.03 log CFU/ml after 36 h incubation at 37oC. Then, antioxidant activities (ABTS assay, Hydroxyl free radical scavenging assay and Superoxide free radical scavenging assay) as well as proteolytic activity (OPA method) were analyzed for different time periods and found that antioxidant activity (ABTS assay) of Lactobacillus cultures was in the range of 42.14 to 53.27%, hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity of Lactobacillus cultures was found in the range of 35.32 to 53.43%, superoxide free radical scavenging activity of Lactobacillus cultures was in the range of 24.34% to 50.99% and proteolytic (OPA) activity of Lactobacillus cultures was found in the range of 7.30 to 9.96 mg/ml.
The evolution of HIV

The HIV epidemic has spawned a scientific effort unprecedented in the history of infectious disease research. This effort has merged aspects of clinical research, basic molecular biology, immunology, cell biology, epidemiology, and mathematical biology in ways that have not been seen before. In The Evolution of HIV Keith A. Crandall brings together researchers from these disciplines to present perspectives on both the molecular biology and molecular evolution of HIV. The book is organized into three sections: "Introduction to HIV" explores the fundamentals of the virus's molecular biology and its global diversity. "Molecular Methods for Studying HIV Diversity" looks at such topics as HIV phylogenetics, modeling the molecular evolution of HIV sequences, the use of phylogenetic inference to test an HIV transmission hypothesis, and coalescent approaches to HIV population genetics. The third section,"Case Studies of HIV Evolution" examines the levels of diversity within and among host individuals, the phylogenetics of known transmission histories, and HIV evolution and disease progression via longitudinal studies. The book will be of interest to researchers and clinicians working on HIV, as well as scientists studying molecular evolution, population genetics, and evolutionary biology. Contributors are John M. Coffin, Keith A. Crandall, Joseph Felsenstein, Walter M. Fitch, Brian Foley, Esther Guzman, Paul H. Harvey, David M. Hillis, Edward C. Holmes, Marcia L. Kalish, Bette T. M. Korber, Julia Krushkal, Carla L. Kuiken, Gerald H. Learn, Thomas Leitner, Wen-Hsiung Li, Francine E. McCutchan, Spencer V. Muse, Oliver G. Pylons, Allen G. Rodrigo, Raj Shankarappa, Richard W. Steketee, Alan R. Templeton, Donald M. Thea, Raphael P. Viscidi, Steven M. Wolinsky.
Syrian Refugees in Jordan: Burden or Boon

The growing number of Syrian refugees in Jordan broadens the importance of exploring Jordanians’ attitudes toward increasingly protracted Syrian refugees. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which demographic and socio-psychological variables shape Jordanians’ attitudes toward Syrian refugees. The study design is mainly quantitative with a qualitative technique to support and expand upon the study findings. Data were collected from 199 Jordanians over a sixteen-week period in 2015. Quantitative data were analyzed using a hierarchal regression method. The results reveal that attitudes toward Syrian refugees in Jordan are determined by issues such as unemployment and pressure on resources. Income, geographical location and patriotism were found to have statistically significant influence on Jordanians’ attitude toward Syrian refugees. Jordanians who live in the North of the country (large number of Syrian refugees reside in this area), high income Jordanians, and Jordanian with high level of patriotism hold the least positive attitudes toward Syrian refugees.
Electrochemical Behavior of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes as Transducers in Biosensors

Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was examined as a transducer substrate for application in electrochemical sensors. Aqueous solutions of 0.1 M KCl and 0.1 M KCl + 5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6].
La dynamique des populations subdivisées : étude comparative chez trois amphibiens urodèles (Triturus alpestris, T. helveticus et T. cristatus)

La dynamique des populations des trois especes est abordee dans une station comportant quatre mares proches. Trois annees de capture et marquage revelent que 80% des adultes sont fideles a leur mare, ce qui implique une organisation en sous-populations. Les caracteristiques demographiques (effectifs, age par squelettochronologie, fecondite, survie des ufs et des larves) permettent de proposer un nouveau modele de dynamique des populations de triturus. La description des caracteristiques des quatre mares montrent l'importance de la presence de vegetation sur la production de jeunes. Fidelite des adultes et opposition entre sites productifs et improductifs sont a la base de l'organisation en metapopulation. La selectivite des supports de ponte est etudiee dans les mares et en conditions de laboratoire. Les femelles pondent de preference pres de la surface et sur des vegetaux differents entre les trois especes. L'ensemble des resultats est discute dans le cadre des strategies demographiques et du probleme du morcellement des populations. Une revue bibliographique des modalites de la reproduction des urodeles est proposee dans la conclusion
Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani)

Black Oystercatchers are distinctive shorebirds inhabiting the rocky shorelines of the coast from Baja California to the western Aleutian Islands. Adults establish breeding territories on offshore rocks and islands and occasionally on mainland rocky beaches. An oystercatcher nest, composed of a scrape lined with pebbles and shell fragments, is difficult to find. One to three cryptically-colored eggs are placed directly on the pebbles. The young oystercatchers are precocial and may leave the nest within hours of hatching. Although they remain near the nest the first few days, chicks later follow adults to intertidal foraging areas. The food consists of mussels (Hunt et al. 1979), limpets, and chitons; chicks may be fed crabs (Hartwick 1976; Helbing 1977). Mortality among eggs and chicks is apparently high. Hartwick (1974) lists gull predation as an important cause of mortality. In addition, chicks and eggs are frequently '@washed overboardw from nests by storm waves. Duringthe winter, oystercatchers are gregarious (Wahl et al. 1981) , and flocks may be found roosting in some localities. In the San Juan Islands, the entire population may gather into three or four such flocks (Wahl et al. 1981). With their strange, vermillion-colored bills, pale pink feet, and loud, distinctive calls, the crow-sized black oystercatchers are a characteristic species of exposed rocky shorelines in Washington.
The Comparison between Thai and Myanmar Accounting Competency of Thai Multinational Enterprises in Myanmar

The purpose of this research is to study and compare the competency, job happiness, work motivation, accounting performance and career success of Thai and Myanmar accountants, and to study the relationship model of accountants’ competency factors for Thai and Myanmar accountants that affect success of Thai multinational enterprises in Myanmar. This research is quantitative research using the PLS-SEM method and the ADANCO program to analyze structural equations. The sample was divided into 2 groups: 452 samples of Thai accountants and 406 samples of Myanmar accountants, using the purposing sampling technique. It was found that all the factors are significantly different between Thai and Myanmar accountants, but some observed variables, including purpose in life, personal growth, hygiene factor, and invisible success are not significantly different. Finally, it was found from the structural equation model of Thai accountants that theaccountants’ competency does not directly affect career success, which is not in line with the theory. However, the factor that is suitable for measuring career success of Thai accountants is work motivation, which has a direct impact on career success at a significance level of 0.01. On the other hand, accountants’ competency has a direct effect on career success of Myanmar accountants at a significance level of 0.05. Important findings are that the factor suitable for measuring career success of Myanmar accountants is accounting performance, which has a direct impact on careersuccess at a significance level of 0.01.