Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Wheatgrass‐Pomegranate Blended Therapeutical Juice Using Response Surface Methodology

This study was conducted to develop wheatgrass-pomegranate blended juice using response surface methodology (RSM) and the storage study of optimized juice was studied at ambient and refrigerated conditions. In the experimental design, wheatgrass juice (30–60%), pomegranate juice (35–65%), and pectin (0.1–0.3%) were taken as independent variables that produced 20 different combinations which were studied to investigate the effect of these variables on product responses, viz., pH, total soluble solutes (TSS), sensory score, vitamin C and chlorophyll content. With the increase in concentration of wheatgrass juice, TSS and sensory score were found to decrease whereas the pH, vitamin C and chlorophyll content increased. Increase in pomegranate juice concentration resulted in higher pH, TSS, sensory score and vitamin C and lower chlorophyll content whereas increasing concentration of pectin resulted in higher TSS. The optimized values of ingredients were found to be 35% wheatgrass juice, 65% pomegranate juice and 0.1% pectin. Practical Applications Wheatgrass-pomegranate juice is very useful against health issues and combat against various diseases. It can serve the consumers demand at very low cost and can reduce the dependency on the fruits and vegetables to acquire maximum nutrients. So due to potential health benefits of wheatgrass-pomegranate blended juice, it can be commercialized and fulfill the demand of healthy cum functional and therapeutical beverage.
Specifying the Concept of Sadness in the Holy Qur’an: A Qualitative Analysis

Introduction: Sadness is the most important natural emotion of human beings. The feeling of sadness is experienced throughout the private and public life of mankind. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the concept of grief by referring to the Holy Qur’an. Methods: This study was conducted through qualitative content analysis method. From among the Qur’anic concepts relevant to sadness, which were collected from the whole Qur’an, 60 concepts were selected via targeted sampling for analysis. Results: From the analysis of the Qur’anic concepts of sadness, six main categories including “physiology”, “psychology”, “emotion”, “spirituality”, “remedy”, and “consequences” emerged. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be inferred that sadness in the Holy Qur’an is a multidimensional concept and various structures have been used to explain it. That is why all human beings, with respect to the high incidence of depression and sadness, have to pay more attention to this concept, and for being treated, they must accept that all things in the universe occur under God’s lordship.
Induction of analgesia using atorvastatin in experimental diabetic neuropathy through NMDA receptor and inflammatory cytokines inhibition

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes causing damage to the nerves. Objectives: Considering the neuroprotective anti-inflammatory antioxidant characteristics of statins, the current study aimed at determining the effects of atorvastatin on diabetic neuropathy through assessing the involvement of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, factors of oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in rats with diabetes. Methods: Male rats were randomly assigned into six groups of saline- and atorvastatin-treated controls, streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals treated with vehicle, diabetic animals treated with morphine (5 mg/kg), and rats treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day for 10 weeks) alone or in combination with NMDA receptor agonist. The hot plate and formalin tests were carried out on the rats. Moreover, malondialdehyde level, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the animals were measured. Finally, the expression of the NMDA receptor in DRG was investigated in the current study. Results: According to the findings, diabetes resulted in analgesia in all the tests, and pretreatment with atorvastatin exacerbated diabetes-induced analgesic effects in the hot plate test and early phase of the formalin test (P≤0.01 and P≤0.05 in comparison to those reported for the diabetic vehicle-treated group, respectively). The injection of NMDA could reverse the atorvastatin-induced analgesia in the hot plate test (P≤0.05). Diabetes caused an increase in the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in DRG in comparison to those reported for the control group (P≤0.05). Furthermore, the pretreatment of rats using atorvastatin could significantly reverse the increase in TNF-α level (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Atorvastatin showed analgesic properties, which might be acting through NMDA receptors and reduction of inflammatory cytokines.
The Impact of Economic Freedom on Startups∗

The decision to start an entrepreneurial activity largely depends upon an entrepreneur’s institutional setting. Economic freedom is a widely used measure of institutional quality. Ample studies find a positive association between economic freedom and entrepreneurship; however, these studies have been limited to finding correlative relationships and have not determined a consistent set of relevant covariates. In this paper, startup density, provided by the Kauffman Startup Activities Index, proxies startup entrepreneurship while the Economic Freedom of North America index proxies economic freedom. This paper provides causal insights into economic freedom and entrepreneurship in the United States from 2005 to 2015 using a post-double-selection LASSO method. We find that increases in regulatory freedom are likely to cause significant increases in startup density of entrepreneurial activities. In contrast, increases in freedoms of government spending and taxes cause decreases in startup density.
PREDICTORS OF PICTURE NAMING AND PICTURE CATEGORIZATION IN SPANISH

The aim of this paper was to identify which psycholinguistic variables are better predictors of performance for healthy participants in a picture naming task and in a picture categorization task. A correlation analysis and a Path analysis were carried out. The correlation analysis showed that naming accuracy and naming latency are significant and positively correlated with lexical frequency and conceptual familiarity variables, whereas they are negatively correlated with H index. Reaction times in the categorization task were negatively correlated with lexical frequency and conceptual familiarity variables and positively correlated with visual complexity variable. The Path analysis showed that subjective lexical frequency and H index are the better predictors for picture naming task. In picture categorization task, for reaction times, the better predictor variables were subjective lexical frequency, conceptual familiarity and visual complexity. These findings are discussed considering previous works on the field.
A Simulation Method For Virtual Situations Through Seamless Integration Of Independent Events Via Autonomous And Independent Agents

The extent and depth of the event plan determines the scope of pedagogical experience in situations and consequently the quality of immersive learning based on our simulated world. In contrast to planning in conventional narrative-based systems mainly pursuing dramatic interests, planning in virtual world-based pedagogical systems strive to provide realistic experiences in immersed situations. Instead of story plot comprising predetermined situations, our inter-event planning method aims at simulating diverse situations that each involve multiple events coupled via their associated agents’ conditions and meaningful associations between events occurring in a background world. The specific techniques to realize our planning method include, two-phase planning based on inter-event search and intra-event decomposition (down to the animated action level); autonomous and independent agents to behave proactively with their own belief and planning capability; full-blown background world to be used as the comprehensive stage for all events to occur in; coupling events via realistic association types including deontic associations as well as conventional causality; separation of agents from event roles; temporal scheduling; and parallel and concurrent event progression mechanism. Combining all these techniques, diverse exogenous events can be derived and seamlessly (i.e., semantically meaningfully) integrated with the original event to form a wide scope of situations providing chances of abundant pedagogical experiences. For effective implementation of plan execution, we devise an execution scheme based on multiple priority queues, particularly to realize concurrent progression of many simultaneous events to simulate its corresponding reality. Specific execution mechanisms include modeling an action in terms of its component motions, adjustability of priority for agent across different events, and concurrent and parallel execution method for multiple actions and its expansion for multiple events.
Quantitative determination of lethal concentration LC50 of atrazine on biochemical parameters; total protein and serum albumin of freshwater fish grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

The indiscriminate use of herbicides has led to the contamination of water bodies, possibly affecting the health of aquatic biota, especially fish. Atrazine is considered as toxicants for aquatic fauna, due to its high persistence in soil, high half-life and high mobility toward aquatic bodies as well as high solubility in water. The objective of the present study was to determine (LC50) and to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of atrazine on the biochemical parameters; total protein and serum albumin of freshwater grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Above 15 μlL-1, the LC50 was recorded revealing sensitivity of grass carp to atrazine. Grass carp was exposed to atrazine for 01 (15 μlL-1), 02 (13 μlL-1), 03 (10 μlL-1), and 04 (08 μlL-1) days/concentration for scrutinizing acute toxicity. Likewise, fish were exposed to atrazine for 10 (06 μlL-1), 15 (04 μlL-1), and 25 (02 μlL-1) days/concentration for scrutinizing chronic toxicity. Control group concentration was 8.3 gL-1 and 3.5 gL-1. Total protein concentration observed for acute toxicity was 7.5 gL-1, 6.5 gL-1, 4.6 gL-1, and 3.2 g/L and serum albumin concentration was 2.7 gL-1, 1.6 gL-1, 1.4 gL1, and 1.1 gL-1 respectively. Similarly total protein concentration observed for chronic toxicity was 8.2 gL-1, 6.8 gL-1, and 4.3 gL-1 and serum albumin concentration was 2.1 gL-1, 1.7 gL-1, and 1.4 gL-1 respectively. Markedly decline (denoted by P<0.05, P≤0.01 and P≤0.001) was noticed *e-mail: Ahsanyousafzai27@yahoo.com DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/61849 1556 Khan A. , et al.
Development, Optimization & Application of Corn Cobs as Cost Effective Matrix for Immobilization of Fungal Strains Paecilomyces sinensis and Geotrichum pseudocandidum

DOI: 10.37398/JSR.2021. 650116 Abstract: Fungal strains Paecilomyces sinensis and Geotrichum pseudocandidum were successfully immobilized on cheap yet effective support matrix, corn cobs. Immobilization was analysed by obtaining growth of the immobilized fungi from induced corn cob on solid media and further confirmed by FTIR analysis. Immobilization was successfully optimized on various temperatures and for different time duration. Activities of economic importance, performed by selected fungi were heavy metal absorption (in water and on solid medium), synthetic dye removal, enzyme production, were also performed efficiently by them in their immobilized form. Proposed work is an inclination towards immobilization of fungi via waste material appropriate for their growth and activity. Other fungi of economic importance may be immobilized using other matrices. The work suggests a cost-effective technique in order to increase industrial production.
Artificial intelligence in advanced pharmacy

Artificial intelligence (AI) is Pharma's next frontier in life sciences. This article analyze about the recently techniques of AI that aims to imitate human intelligence functions i.e. with the help of Artificial intelligence & Robots ‘Automation become the result of Industrialization’, driven by the need to increase productivity, to achieve consistent quality products & to remove hazardous and heavy work from workers. Recent trends of AI in pharmacy are PAT, CFD, Pharmaceutical automation in research & development which give detailed information about techniques that has already been used in healthcare such as inhaler designs, drug absorption & dissolution and is disease focused. A robot for pharmaceutical applications has a bright future but with the rapidly aging population that urgently requires sophisticated medical devices & newer drugs, robotics systems are increasingly adopted for improved productivity and efficiency to meet this growing demand. However, robots manufacturers face several challenges in their effort to establish themselves in pharmaceutical applications. AI with robotics in the life of mankind has several advantages & disadvantages. Despite the increasingly rich AI literature from the drug discovery to care options AI techniques are used such as in ANN [artificial neural network], machine learning, AI in healthcare, AI in clinical practice. This research mainly concentrates around a few disease types: Cancer, Nervous system and cardiovascular diseases as they are life threatening. The future is always hard to predict, but it will be determined by AI as it would become the next frontier in pharmacy.
The asymmetric impact of economic policy uncertainty on firm-level investment in South Africa: Firm-level evidence from administrative tax data

This paper uses firm-level data and a news-based measure of economic policy uncertainty to provide empirical evidence that economic policy uncertainty has a negative impact on firm-level investment in South Africa. Firms’ investment decisions in response to uncertainty reflect firms’ heterogeneity. Medium-sized firms and, to a different extent, small firms reduce their investment by much more than large firms in response to increased policy uncertainty. The relationship between firms categorized by size and the degree of financial constraints they face implies that financially constrained firms are more sensitive to uncertainty than large, unconstrained firms.
Urinary Reconstructions in Patıents with Locally Advanced Rectosigmoid Cancers, a Single Center Experience

Urinary system resections due to rectosigmoid cancers are an issue where the number of experienced surgeons is low because they are not performed frequently.The selection and application of the type of reconstruction after resection are technical procedures that should be performed by experienced cancer surgeons and urologists. Aims: It was aimed to present the urine reconstruction methods and results applied in local advanced rectal and sigmoid colon cancer surgeries performed by the same team for many years. Study Design: Patients who were operated for rectosigmoid region tumor and had urinary resection-reconstruction between 2016-2020 were reviewed. The demographic data of the patients, clinicopathological notes, reconstruction types, postoperative urinary leakage and fistula rates were examined and noted. Methodology: Retrospective patient document analysis using electronic hospital file system and clinical notes. Results: 37 patients were included in the study within the criteria. 17 (46%) of the patients were male and 20 (54%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 58.6 ± 16 years. The most Original Research Article Erşen et al.; JCTI, 10(3): 24-30, 2020; Article no.JCTI. 61344 25 common reconstruction procedures were Ureteroneocystostomy and bladder reconstruction. The least used method was ureteroureterostomy uteretostomy. It was observed that urine leakage / fistula developed in 11 (29.7%) of 37 patients included in the study. Conclusion: Although the rate of urological complications is also affected by the chosen technique, it may also be affected by factors such as the presence of preoperative hydronephrosis, multiorgan resections, and age.
Transient Stability Enhancement of a Power System Considering Integration of FACT Controllers Through Network Structural Characteristics Theory

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 18 September, 2020 Accepted: 21 December, 2020 Online: 16 February, 2021 Modern power systems are topologically and structurally complicated due to their complex interconnections. Consequently, the complexity of the dynamic stability assessment be-comes more tedious, most especially, when considering a power electronics-based power system operating under faulty conditions. This paper, therefore suggests an alternative approach of Network Structural-Based Technique (NSBT) for the analysis and enhancement of transient stability of a power system considering Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices integration. The mathematical formulations based on the NSBT as well as the dynamic swing equations, required for carrying out the stability analysis, are presented. The structural characteristics of the network are captured by considering the interconnections of the network elements and the impedances between them. The eigenvalue analysis is then explored to identify suitable and possibly weak load node locations where the influence of FACTS device placement within the network, could be most beneficial. The transient stability analysis before and after critical outage conditions is investigated. The transient stability of the network operating under critical outage condition is then enhanced considering the integration of a multiUPFC controller, which is suitably located as identified by NSBT. The effectiveness of the suggested approach is tested using the modified standard IEEE 5-bus, 30-bus networks as well as the practical Nigerian 28-bus grid incorporating a multi-FACTs controller. The results obtained show that the FACTS device contributes significantly to improving the transient stability of a multi-FACTS-based power network. The information provided by this study is highly beneficial to the system operators, utilities investors and power engineers, most especially, for predicting system collapse during critical outage conditions.
Pneumonia Detection and Classification Using Deep Learning on Chest X-Ray Images

: Pneumonia is a bacterial infection caused people of all ages with mild to severe inflammation of the lung tissue. The best known and most common clinical method for the diagnosis of pneumonia is chest X-ray imaging. But the diagnosis of pneumonia from chest X-ray images is a difficult task, even for specialist radiologists. In developing countries, this lung disease becomes one of the deadliest among children under the age of 5 and causing 15% of deaths recorded annually. Therefore, in this study, firstly the presence of the disease was tried to be determined using chest X-ray dataset. In addition, using the bacterial and viral pneumonia classes which are two different types of pneumonia, multi class classification which consists of viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and healthy has been done. Since the used dataset does not have a balanced distribution among all classes, SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) method has been used to deal with imbalanced dataset. CNN model and models in Ensemble Learning have been created from scratch instead of using weights of pre-trained networks to see the effectiveness of CNN weights on medical data. For each classification problem, two different deep learning methods which are CNN and ensemble learning have been used and 95% average accuracy has been obtained for each model, for binary classification and 78% and 75% average accuracy has been obtained for each model respectively for multi class classification problem.
Financial reporting quality and optimal capital structure

We investigate the role of financial reporting quality in reducing a firm’s overand underleverage problem. Prior research suggests that due to financing frictions arising from adverse selection concerns, firms’ observed capital structure deviates from the optimal. Building off a large literature that provides evidence that financial reporting quality can mitigate adverse selection concerns and reduce financing frictions, we find evidence that a firm’s deviation from models of optimal capital structure is decreasing in financial reporting quality and that these results are larger in magnitude for the overleverage side. JEL classification: G32
Impact of Water and Alcoholic Plant Extracts of Hypericum perforatum on Histological and Some Physiological Features in the Liver of Albino Rats

Hypericum perforatum, which is known as St. John’s wort (SJW), is a leafy herb that grows in the open areas of the temperate regions throughout the world. Recent research suggests the effectiveness of this plant in treating some diseases, such as cancer, bacterial and viral diseases, and some inflammation-related disorders, and as a neuroprotective agent and an antioxidant. The current study aimed to investigate the Impact of water and alcoholic plant extracts of H. perforatum on histological and some physiological features in the liver of albino rats. 21 male rats were used in the current study. They were divided into groups; each group contains 7 members of animals. The animals were raised a month ago in the animal house before conducting the study to ensure their suitability to the environment of the animal house. Before the start of the study, an appropriate amount of animal blood was obtained through the caudate vein of rats, in order to evaluate the variables of the physiological study before starting treatment with plant extracts. One of the groups (Group 1) was used as a standard control group, receiving only standard water and feed. The other group (Group 2) was treated with St. John's water extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg/body weight, while the last group (Group 3) was treated with St. John's alcoholic plant extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg/body weight. Aqueous and alcoholic plant extract were prepared for H. perforatum. Histological slides were prepared from the liver of each group of the study as well as, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were evaluated for the rates in each group. Histological examination shows the presence of necrosis in various stages and the presence of Foamy Cells and the occurrence of infiltration of a number of inflammatory cells within the tissue as well as the occurrence of congestion in the central vein and hemorrhage spread throughout the rest of the tissue. We also note the occurrence of necrosis and desquamation of the central vein lining and infiltration of some inflammatory cells in some areas. The effect of treatments on the aminotransferases (AST, ALT) enzymes and the ALP, where appeared as a significant increase of 0.05 in their concentration when comparing the concentrations of each groups before and after treatment with plant extracts. We can conclude that H. perforatum aqueous and alcoholic plant extract can causes mild damages on liver histological features that can be reflected on livers physiological states generally and on the ALT, AST and ALP enzymes specifically.