Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Oleic Acid Content in Sunflower Oil

Knowledge of the effects of temperature and geographic variables on the oleic add content of sunflower (Helianthus annum L.) oil allows us to predict the type of oil that will be produced in a particular area. This study was designed to establish a simple empirical model, which uses available variables of previously established effects, to estimate the final oleic add composition of sunflower oil. Over two growing seasons, sunflower seeds were collected from Spain's main producing areas, and the oleic add concentration of oil extracted from these samples was analytically determined. The effects of two types of variables (geographical position and temperature) on oil oleic add content were determined according to three models based on the input variables: latitude, longitude, and altitude (Model I); mean minimum and maximum temperatures during the phenological stages of sunflower seed development and maturation (Model II); and a combination of both types of data (Model III). Through stepwise regression, it was established that best results were obtained using the temperature model (Model II) and the variables'mean minimum development and mean minimum and maximum maturation temperatures (r 2 = 0.99, P < 0.001, n = 88). Of the three variables included in this model, the mean minimum maturation temperature provided the closest estimate of percentage oleic acid content. This regression model was statistically validated and is proposed as a method for crop managers to estimate oleic acid content based on local temperatures.
Development of Gene Theory

The discovery of DNA double helix structure is one of the most importa nt discoveries in the last century. The core rule and the technology of gene cl oning provide us powerful tools to elucidate the nature of human beings. In the history of molecular biology, the importance of DNA, which is the carrier of ge netic information, and its double helix structure, is clearly recognized. The completion of t he human genome project opens up a broad field, and makes it possible for us to study the biological processes at the whole-genome level, and the biology is go ing into post-genome era.
Managing Chip Design Complexity in the Domain-Specific SoC Era

Chip designers can no longer rely on Moore's Law and Dennard scaling to make inefficient general-purpose processors faster, cheaper, and lower-power. The industry has instead been forced toward building specialized domain-specific systems on chip (SoCs) to meet next-generation product requirements. Balancing the complexity of these specialized chips with the need to improve time to market is a great challenge of the domain-specific SoC era. We argue that reuse and rapid validation are key to bringing these specialized SoCs to market faster. In this paper, we share our observations of industrial and academic attempts to vault this hurdle, and describe how SiFive, in its early days, quickly designed the Freedom Unleashed 540 SoC with a small team and a tight budget.
Grazing and the dynamics of nutrient and energy regulated microbial processes in the Serengeti grasslands

Microbial biomasses and N and P mineralization potentials were determined on soils collected from short-, mid- and tallgrass communities along a gradient of increasing rainfall and decreasing grazing intensity in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Total N, organic C, pH and clay content were highest on shortgrass sites which experienced the highest grazing intensities, and declined successively on soils from mid- and tallgrass communities. Microbial biomass ranged across sites from an average of 47.1 ± 6.3 to 315.8 ± 8.4 mg C 100 g dry soil-1, and was directly related to grazing intensity and organic carbon, and inversely related to soil C/N ratio. Net N mineralized over the 20 d incubation period ranged from 1.0 +± 1.3 to 63.4 ± 4.6 ig N g dry soil-' 20 d-1, was a function of both total N and soil microbial biomass, and varied inversely with soil C/N ratio. Periods of net N immobilization lowered the mean mineralization rates in soils from midgrass sites. Net N mineralized ranged from 0.09 ± 0.10% of total soil N at Seronera, the site with the lowest grazing intensity, to 2.24 + 0.17% of total soil N at Southeast Kopjes, a site with high grazing intensity. In order to study microbial growth and the concomitant N and P mineralization responses to varying substrate quality, soil samples were subjected to a laboratory experiment involving untreated soils, and three C amendment treatments which included either glucose, wildebeest dung or plant litter. Dung-amended soils showed higher net N mineralization levels in comparison to litter-amended soils, despite insignificant differences in total respiration. The more efficient utilization of dung compared with plant litter, appeared to be related to more balanced C/nutrient ratios of dung and the energy or nutrient limited site-specific characteristics of microbial growth. On sites of low nutrient availability, the increased flow of P through dung may be important in maintaining accelerated nutrient cycling rates in the grazing food web.
THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF RAPHANUS SATIVUS ON BLOOD GLUCOSE, TRIGLYCERIDE AND CHOLESTEROL IN DIABETIC RATS

The probability of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients increases due to hyperlipidemia. Raphanus sativus is a traditional plant which is used to lower plasma lipid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Raphanus Sativus on plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol in diabetic rats. For this purpose, 30 male rats were selected, maintained in standard conditions and divided randomly into 3 groups. Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was given IP to induce diabetes in 14 days. The aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus was given orally to the experimental groups at doses of 800 and 1600 mg/kg once daily for 14 days by a feeding needle. At days 1, 14, 28 and 35, blood samples were taken from the tail vein of all the groups. After this period, the animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia by ether and their pancreases were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, processed with paraffin and stained with hematoxyline and eosin for histopathological examination. Results showed that, there was a significant decrease in plasma triglyceride in the 1600 mg/kg group compared with group 1 in 28 and 35 days. No significant difference was observed in blood cholesterol and glucose in all days. In conclusion , it seems that aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus can lower the plasma triglyceride, but it has no effect on the plasma glucose or cholesterol.
Influence of Early‐Season Nitrogen and Weed Management on Irrigated and Nonirrigated Glyphosate‐Resistant and Susceptible Soybean

Field studies were conducted on Sharkey day soil (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert) at Stoneville, MS (33°26' N lat) The objectives were to determine the effect of application of 0 and 35 kg N ha -1 applied early in the growing season to glyphosate-resistant (GR) and non-GR soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] cultivars using two weed management systems in irrigated and nonirrigated environments. Weed management Systems were (i) pre-emergent followed by postemergent weed management using nonglyphosate herbicides applied to both GR and non-GR cultivars (PRE + POST) and (ii) postemergent weed management using glyphosate on GR cultivars and nonglyphosate herbicides on non-GR cultivars (POST). Applied N had no effect on weed management in or yield from soybean and lowered average net returns by $28 to $50 ha -1 . Average seed yields from the highest-yielding GR cultivar in 1999 and 2000 were 135 and 270 kg ha -1 more than 1999 and 2000 yields from a non-GR cultivar in the nonirrigated environment (all net returns were negative and yields <1500 kg ha -1 ). In the irrigated environment, use of a non-GR cultivar compared with a GR cultivar resulted in a significant 200 and 250 kg ha -1 greater yield and greater profits in 2 of 3 yr. Use of PRE + POST compared with POST-only was not necessary for achieving greatest yield or net return with either non-GR or GR cultivars. Use of postemergent glyphosate always resulted in the cheapest weed control ($43 to $81 ha -1 ), even with the greater cost for seed of GR cultivars included. There was no measured effect of glyphosate compared with nonglyphosate herbicides on GR cultivar yield.
A ug 2 02 0 Asymptotic formulas for the number of the partitions into summands of the form ⌊ αm ⌋

Let α > 1 be an irrational number. We establish asymptotic formulas for the number of partitions of n into summands and distinct summands, chosen from the sequence {⌊αm⌋}m∈N. This improves some results of Erdös and Richmond established in 1977.
A Cohort Study Based on Patients' Records from Four Hospitals in Sweden

An estimate of the average cost of treatment (COT) was assessed for 53 patients with pancreatic cancer treated between 1997 and 1999 in four hospitals in southern Sweden. Average COT was estimated to t18 947, 55% of which was attributable to hospitalization (including surgical procedures), 20% to long-term care and 11% to chemotherapy. Diagnostics and radiotherapy accounted for 9% and 4%, respectively. Median survival was 5.6 months (mean 6.3 months). Treatment costs per patient were negatively correlated with age but were higher for patients receiving chemo/radiotherapy and surgical treatment than for patients receiving only standard supportive care. Disease stage and type of hospital (university versus regional/local hospitals) were not significant predictors of COT per se. Assuming that our estimate of the average cost is representative for Sweden, the total healthcare cost for pancreatic cancer was t16 million ($14 million), i.e. about 2 � /3% of the COT for all cancer diseases in Sweden. In the USA the cost of pancreatic cancer accounted for the same proportion. However, our estimated cost per patient was about half the amount of the US estimate. The distribution of costs between the different types of treatment services did not differ greatly between Sweden and the USA.
Birds of the Illawarra District, 1982-87

From 1982 to 1987, nine teams of observers performed bi-annual timed counts in autumn and spring (n = 12) to determine species richness, relative abundance, frequency of occurrence, distribution and diversity. Cumulatively, 61 observers counted 217 759 individuals of 238 species. In autumn and spring respectively, 198 and 217 species were recorded of which 104 (53%) and 122 (56%) were present in every count (n = 6). Thirty-one species were recorded only once in autumn (16% of total) and, by coincidence, also only once in spring (14% of total). The overall population comprised mostly residents (66%), passerines (42%) and species which preferred woodlands (31%) or wet-lands (30%). Species censused with highly variable numbers were the Silver Gull Larus novaehollandiae (53% to 21% of count totals) and Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris (40% to zero). When these two species were excluded, there were significant seasonal differences in the number of other species present (average 12% higher in spring), the number of individuals counted (average 47% higher in autumn) and the indices of diversity of other species (average 24% higher in spring). Relative abundance, frequency of occurrence and distribution of all species are quantified in an appendix.
The endogenous money hypothesis: empirical evidence from Malaysia (1985-2000)

This paper examines the endogenous money supply hypothesis in the Malaysian environment from 1985 to 2000. The results are consistent with the Post Keynesian hypothesis, whereby the money supply in Malaysia was endogenous over the study period. The empirical results also showed a long-run cointegrating relationship between money income and the M3 money supply in Malaysia. While this supports the liquidity preference approach, causality between the total bank loans and the M3 money supply may also support the accommodationist view. However, the results did not support the structuralist approach, nor did it show opposition to this approach.
Field Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for Managing Soil Arthropods and Cercospora Leaf Spots Damage for Increased Yield in Peanut

Field efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for managing soil arthropods and Cercospora leaf spots damage to peanut was studied in Ghana from 2008 to 2010. Treatments consisted of neem kernel water extract (NKWE) and neem kernel powder (NKP) applied separately as soil drench at the rates of 10.5 and 21.0 kg/ha at either planting or pegging. Untreated control and chlorpyrifos treatment at pegging were included as checks. Results showed generally that the neem products at the concentrations tested were efficacious and comparable to chlorpyrifos in lowering populations of soil arthropods and severity of leaf spot diseases, leaf defoliation, and scarified and bored pod damage, resulting in increased pod yield in 2008 and 2009
Circuits in motion : the numerical simulation of electrical oscillators

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Borehole Radar Attenuation-Difference Tomography During The Tracer/Time-Lapse Test At The Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site

A tracer test and time-lapse radar imaging experiment was conducted at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site to investigate the utility of crosswell radar in imaging an electrically conductive tracer plume. A multilevel water sampling system down gradient from the tracer injection well and in the radar imaging plane was used to collect detailed, 1-dimensional, fluid electrical conductivity data during the tracer test. We compare the spatial and temporal position and concentration variations of the plume as indicated by the fluid conductivity data to those suggested by radar level run attenuation differences, shot-receiver attenuation difference crossplots, and an attenuation-difference tomogram. We find that attenuation differences generally correlate well with changes in fluid conductivity. Where correlations are not so strong, the discrepancies can be explained by the difference in support volumes for the radar and chemistry measurements, and also by regularization of the radar tomogram. Our results indicate that crosswell radar imaging coupled with hydrologic tracer testing can provide useful information about subsurface fluid flow and mass transport in complex fluvial aquifers.
Comparing the usability of a user driven and a mixed initiative multimodal dialogue system for train timetable information

The aim of the study presented in this paper was to compare the usability of a user driven and a mixed initiative user interface of a multimodal system for train timetable information. The evaluation shows that the effectiveness of the two interfaces does not differ significantly. However, as a result of the absence of spoken prompts and the obligatory use of buttons to provide values, the efficiency of the user driven interface is much higher than the efficiency of the mixed initiative interface. Although the user satisfaction was not significantly higher for the user driven interface, by far most people preferred the user driven interface to the mixed initiative interface.
On capital shortages and European unemployment: a panel data investigation

In view of the little attention that the relationship between capital stock and unemployment has received, this paper aims at exploring the relationship between those two variables. A Post Keynesian framework comprising a set of demand-side variables provides the basis on which the econometric investigation is conducted. In this context, the application of panel data analysis to EU countries provides evidence on this hitherto untested issue. In so doing, it also explores the extent to which the emergence of the new economic orthodoxy in Europe may be held responsible for the dire state that European labor markets are currently in.
Impact of transgenic rice with a cry1Ab gene on parasitoid subcommunity structure and the dominant population dynamics of parasitoid wasps in rice paddy

The impacts of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis rice(Bt rice)with a cry1Ab gene on parasitoid subcommunity were comparatively investigated and assessed under field conditions in terms of dominance,number and seasonal changes of parasitoids density.There was no significant difference in family composition and dominance between the Bt rice and control plots.However,the number of parasitoid wasps in the Bt rice plots were lower than that of the control.Braconidae were the dominant family,and the number of braconids in Bt rice plots were significantly lower than those in the control.The density in the peak period of the dominant parasitoids in Bt rice plots were significantly lower than in the control.The result suggests that Bt rice might possibly act to show negative effects on dominant species of parasitoid wasps,particularly braconids,for target insect pests.
Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Gait in Parkinson's Disease With Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Therapy

Degradation of striatal dopamine in Parkinson's disease (PD) may initially be supplemented by increased cognitive control mediated by cholinergic mechanisms. Shift to cognitive control of walking can be quantified by prefrontal cortex activation. Levodopa improves certain aspects of gait and worsens others, and cholinergic augmentation influence on gait and prefrontal cortex activity remains unclear. This study examined dopaminergic and cholinergic influence on gait and prefrontal cortex activity while walking in PD. A single‐site, randomized, double‐blind crossover trial examined effects of levodopa and donepezil in PD. Twenty PD participants were randomized, and 19 completed the trial. Participants were randomized to either levodopa + donepezil (5 mg) or levodopa + placebo treatments, with 2 weeks with treatment and a 2‐week washout. The primary outcome was change in prefrontal cortex activity while walking, and secondary outcomes were change in gait and dual‐task performance and attention. Levodopa decreased prefrontal cortex activity compared with off medication (effect size, −0.51), whereas the addition of donepezil reversed this decrease. Gait speed and stride length under single‐ and dual‐task conditions improved with combined donepezil and levodopa compared with off medication (effect size, 1 for gait speed and 0.75 for stride length). Dual‐task reaction time was quicker with levodopa compared with off medication (effect size, −0.87), and accuracy improved with combined donepezil and levodopa (effect size, 0.47). Cholinergic therapy, specifically donepezil 5 mg/day for 2 weeks, can alter prefrontal cortex activity when walking and improve secondary cognitive task accuracy and gait in PD. Further studies will investigate whether higher prefrontal cortex activity while walking is associated with gait changes. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Classification of probable online social networking addiction: A latent profile analysis from a large-scale survey among Chinese adolescents

Abstract Background and aims Problematic online social networking use is prevalent among adolescents, but consensus about the instruments and their optimal cut-off points is lacking. This study derived an optimal cut-off point for the validated Online Social Networking Addiction (OSNA) scale to identify probable OSNA cases among Chinese adolescents. Methods A survey recruited 4,951 adolescent online social networking users. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were applied to the validated 8-item OSNA scale to determine its optimal cut-off point. Results The 3-class model was selected by multiple criteria, and validated in a randomly split-half subsample. Accordingly, participants were categorized into the low risk (36.4%), average risk (50.4%), and high risk (13.2%) groups. The highest risk group was regarded as “cases” and the rest as “non-cases”, serving as the reference standard in ROC analysis, which identified an optimal cut-off point of 23 (sensitivity: 97.2%, specificity: 95.2%). The cut-off point was used to classify participants into positive (probable case: 17:0%) and negative groups according to their OSNA scores. The positive group (probable cases) reported significantly longer duration and higher intensity of online social networking use, and higher prevalence of Internet addiction than the negative group. Conclusions The classification strategy and results are potentially useful for future research that measure problematic online social networking use and its impact on health among adolescents. The approach can facilitate research that requires cut-off points of screening tools but gold standards are unavailable.
FACTORS AFFECTING PARENTAL BEHAVIOR IN SEMIPALMATED PLOVERS

We studied Semipalmated Plovers (Charadrius semipalmatus) during two field seasons in Churchill, Manitoba, to examine the contribution of males and females to parental care during incubation and chick rearing, and to test the hypothesis that birds nesting in habitats with higher visibility and more food (i.e. coastal habitats) tend chicks less closely than birds nesting in habitats with lower visibility and less food (i.e. inland habitats). Males at the coast flew and vocalized more than females during the chick-rearing period, and, in both areas, incubated during the darkest hours (2400 to 0220), whereas females incubated from 0220 to 0530. Incubation shifts were longer at night than during the day but did not differ between sexes or habitats. Incubation by males during the darkest hours may allow females to feed when invertebrates are most active, and may be a mechanism by which fe- males obtain a better energy balance. Coastal habitats contained more food than inland hab- itats and more potential predators of both chicks and adults. During incubation, parents in coastal habitats exhibited fewer vigilant behaviors than parents in inland habitats, although the overall time budgets for the most common behaviors did not differ between habitats. Parent-chick distances did not differ between coastal and inland habitats, although as chicks became older, they foraged farther from their parents and were brooded less frequently. The apparent response of adults to predators did not differ between the two habitats. The time that parents spent brooding chicks was negatively correlated with ambient temperatures but