Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geomorphic Landforms and Tectonism Along the Eastern Margin of the Okavango Rift Zone, North Western Botswana as Deduced from Geophysical Data in the Area

The location, orientation, and evolution of normal faults that form during continental rifting exert a strong influence on the development of regional features (geomorphology, drainage patterns, basin location, stratigraphy, location of magmatism, and if the process of continental rifting is successful, the geometry of the passive margin) of the rift. Understanding the factors which control the growth and propagation of normal faults at the earliest stages of continental rifting will lead to a better overall understanding of the processes which control the development of continental rifts – an essential component of the plate tectonics paradigm. There are only a few examples of young continental rifts which are suitable for the investigation of the process of border fault development and evolution. The Okavango Rift Zone (ORZ), in northwestern part of Botswana (Fig. 1) is one example of a zone of incipient continental rifting (Scholz et al., 1976; Modisi et al., 2000). Recent studies suggest that faults associated with this rift are still in a juvenile stage (Kinabo et al., 2007), therefore the ORZ provides us with a unique opportunity to investigate the earliest developmental stages of continental rifts such as fault growth and propagation. In areas where the faults are mostly buried beneath large accumulations of sediment, have subdued surface relief, and or where access and travel is limited, as is the case in the ORZ (Kinabo et al., 2007; Modisi et al., 2000), it is difficult to accomplish structural mapping of such areas. For these areas, important structural information regarding rift processes can be obtained from magnetic data (Modisi et al. 2000; Grauch, 2000). Other studies including Chen and Lee (1982); Kervyn et al., (2006) have also shown the utility of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) to map rift fault morphology. In this study, high resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data (which provide information about the faulting within the basement) has been used together with SRTM DEM data (which provide surface morphological expression of the faults) to provide a clear perspective of faults and fault patterns associated with ORZ. The information from these sources (HRAM and SRTM DEM) is used to examine stages of fault growth, linkage, and propagation within the ORZ.
Importance of contractile reserve for CRT.

AIMS To assess whether response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is related to myocardial viability in the paced left ventricular (LV) region, evaluated by contractile reserve (CR). Non-response to CRT may partly be due to inefficient pacing by the LV lead located in a fibrotic area. METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen patients (64 +/- 13 years, 14 men, 9 ischaemic) with severe heart failure (EF = 27 +/- 8%, QRS = 154 +/- 25 ms) were included in the week after device implantation. Stroke volume (SV) and LV dyssynchrony (by Tissue Doppler Imaging) were successively assessed with CRT on and CRT off. Afterwards, CRT device was maintained off during dobutamine infusion to assess CR in the LV-pacing region. LV end-systolic volume (ESV) was assessed after 6 months to quantify reverse remodelling. CR in the paced LV region (n = 10, 5/9 ischaemic and 5/10 non-ischaemic) was correlated to a reduction in LV dyssynchrony under CRT (120 +/- 76 vs. 78 +/- 64 ms, P = 0.02). Conversely, LV dyssynchrony was unchanged (161 +/- 100 vs. 163 +/- 80 ms) without CR. In desynchronized patients (>65 ms, n = 15), increase in SV under CRT and changes in ESV at 6 months were +22 and -18%, respectively, when CR was present and 0% and +9%, respectively, when absent. CONCLUSION Acute haemodynamic response and reverse remodelling under CRT require viability in the target region of LV lead.
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on oscillated volume during high frequency chest compression in children with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and mean oscillated volume (V(osc)) during high frequency chest compression (HFCC). DESIGN A clinic-based prospective intervention study. SETTING Pulmonary function laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. POPULATION Nine children with cystic fibrosis with little or no obstructive airway disease who were selected from the outpatient Cystic Fibrosis and Pediatric Pulmonary Clinics at the University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta. METHODS Each child received HFCC alone (at 10 Hz with chest wall pressure of 8 cm H2O) and HFCC plus PEEP. A closed circuit spirometry system was used to measure HFCC- and PEEP-induced changes in EELV, expressed as per cent baseline functional residual capacity (FRC) measured using helium dilution. An isothermic chamber permitted measurement of V(osc). RESULTS HFCC caused a significant 9% decrease in EELV. Adding 2.0 +/- 0.3 cm H2O of PEEP increased EELV back to at least the FRC level. With HFCC alone, Vosc was significantly lower during spontaneous expiration than during spontaneous inspiration, but adding PEEP to HFCC increased V(osc), especially during spontaneous expiration. CONCLUSIONS Adding PEEP during HFCC prevents the decrease in EELV and increases V(osc). Therefore, PEEP may improve HFCC-induced mucus clearance in children with cystic fibrosis.
A Point Mutation in the Cargo-Binding Domain of Myosin V Affects Its Interaction with Multiple Cargoes

ABSTRACT Class V myosins move diverse intracellular cargoes, which attach via interaction of cargo-specific proteins to the myosin V globular tail. The globular tail of the yeast myosin V, Myo2p, contains two structural and functional subdomains. Subdomain I binds to the vacuole-specific protein, Vac17p, while subdomain II likely binds to an as yet unidentified secretory vesicle-specific protein. All functions of Myo2p require the tight association of subdomains I and II, which suggests that binding of a cargo to one subdomain may inhibit cargo-binding to a second subdomain. Thus, two types of mutations are predicted to specifically affect a subset of Myo2p cargoes: first are mutations within a cargo-specific binding region; second are mutations that mimic the inhibited conformation of one of the subdomains. Here we analyze a point mutation in subdomain I, myo2-2(G1248D), which is likely to be this latter type of mutation. myo2-2 has no effect on secretory vesicle movement. The secretory vesicle binding site is in subdomain II. However, myo2-2 is impaired in several Myo2p-related functions. While subdomains I and II of myo2-2p tightly associate, there are measurable differences in the conformation of its globular tail. Based solely on the ability to restore vacuole inheritance, a set of intragenic suppressors of myo2-2 were identified. All suppressor mutations reside in subdomain I. Moreover, subdomain I and II interactions occurred in all suppressors, demonstrating the importance of subdomain I and II association for Myo2p function. Furthermore, 3 of the 10 suppressors globally restored all tested defects in myo2-2. This large proportion of global suppressors strongly suggests that myo2-2(G1248) causes a conformational change in subdomain I that simultaneously affects multiple cargoes.
Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from India

ABSTRACT In this article, the authors probe the role of irrational investor sentiment in the determination of Indian stock market volatility. The authors developed a new irrational aggregate sentiment index (IASI) to examine the issue. The conditional volatility is extracted from the nonlinear univariate models for the market indices and the IASI. The vector autoregression (VAR) is carried out to analyze the relationship between the volatility of irrational aggregate sentiment index and stock market volatility. The authors find a unidirectional causality from sentiment to stock market volatility, and their findings highlight the significance of sentiment in explaining the stock market volatility in India.
Overeating in America: association between restaurant food consumption and body fatness in healthy adult men and women ages 19 to 80.

PURPOSE To examine the association between the frequency of consuming restaurant food and body fatness in adults. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Usual free-living dietary intake and the frequency of consuming food from seven different restaurant types (fried chicken, burger, pizza, Chinese, Mexican, fried fish, and "other") were assessed by food frequency questionnaire in 73 healthy men and women [ages 19 to 80, body mass index (BMI) 18 to 33]. In addition, body fatness (percent weight) was determined by hydrostatic weighing, and physical activity and other lifestyle parameters were assessed by questionnaire. The relationship between the frequency of consuming restaurant food and body fatness was determined after controlling for age, sex, and other confounders by using multiple regression techniques. RESULTS Restaurant food consumption averaged 7.5+/-8.5 (Standard Deviation) times/month. After controlling for age and sex, the frequency of consuming restaurant food was positively associated with body fatness (partial r = 0.36, p = 0.003). The strength of this association did not change after controlling for education level, smoking status, and alcohol intake, but after additionally controlling for physical activity, the partial r increased to 0.42 (p = 0.004). Total daily intakes of energy, fat, and fiber were significantly associated with restaurant food consumption frequency (r = 0.59, 0.28, and -0.45, respectively, p = 0.02 to 0.0001). DISCUSSION The frequency of consuming restaurant food was positively associated with increased body fatness in adults. The increasing proportion of household food income spent on food prepared away from home in the United States may therefore help explain the rising national prevalence of obesity.
Chewing efficiency and electromyographic activity of masseter muscle with three designs of implant-supported mandibular overdentures. A cross-over study.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three designs for implant-supported mandibular overdenture on the chewing efficiency and electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscles. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen edentulous patients received new maxillary and mandibular dentures (control, CD) before implant placement. After using the dentures for 3 months, patients were randomly divided into six blocks (three patients/block) and received four implants in canine and first molar areas of the mandible. Following osseointegration period, new duplicate mandibular overdentures were successively connected to the implants with: (i) ball attachment on two implants (2BOD), (ii) bar attachment on two implants (2ROD), and (iii) bar attachments on four implants (4ROD) in a random order. Chewing efficiency was measured using chewing gum, and EMG was recorded during clenching (with or without food). Evaluations were made 3 months after using each of the following prostheses: CD, 2BOD, 2ROD, and 4ROD. RESULTS All implant-supported overdentures showed a significant increase in chewing efficiency and EMG values when compared to CD. These values increased significantly with 4ROD when compared to 2BOD or 2ROD prostheses. There was no significant difference in chewing efficiency and EMG between 2BOD and 2ROD prostheses. CONCLUSION Four-implant-supported overdentures seem to present a functional advantage vs. two-implant-supported overdentures, independent of the chosen attachment system.
The influence of patients' hopes of receiving a prescription on doctors' perceptions and the decision to prescribe: a questionnaire survey

Abstract Objectives: To measure patients' expectations of receiving prescriptions and general practitioners' perceptions of these expectations and to determine the factors most closely associated with the decision to prescribe. Design: Questionnaires were completed by patients waiting to see their general practitioners, and by their doctors immediately after the consultations. Setting: Four non-fundholding group practices in southeast London. Subjects: 544 unselected patients consulting 15 general practitioners. Main outcome measures: Doctors' perceptions of patients' expectations; doctors' decisions to prescribe. Results: 67% (354/526) of patients hoped for a prescription; doctors perceived that 56% (305/542) of patients wanted prescriptions; and doctors wrote prescriptions in 59% (321/543) of consultations. Despite the close agreement between patients' hopes and doctors' perceptions, 25% (89/353) of patients hoped for a prescription but did not receive one. In 22% (68/313) of consultations in which prescriptions were written, they were not strictly indicated on purely medical grounds, and in only 66% (202/306) of consultations in which prescriptions were written were they both indicated and hoped for. Doctors' perceptions of patients' expectations were the strongest predictor of the decision to prescribe, but the final regression model also included patients' hopes and ethnic group, and the doctor's feeling of being pressurised. Conclusions: In an area of low prescribing and high expectations the decision to prescribe was closely related to actual and perceived expectations, but the latter was the more significant influence. Key messages Evidence that patients' expectations influence general practitioners' prescribing is equivocal; in this study patients' hopes of receiving a prescription exceeded both doctors' perceptions and the level of prescribing Over a quarter of patients who hoped for a prescription did not receive one In a fifth of consultations in which a prescription was written, the prescription was not strictly indicated on purely medical grounds Doctors' perceptions were the strongest determinant of the decision to prescribe Doctors who felt pressurised were less likely to write a prescription if they perceived that the patient wanted one, and if they did write a prescription, it was less likely to be indicated than when the doctor did not feel pressurised
Terrestrial Reserve Networks Do Not Adequately Represent Aquatic Ecosystems

Abstract: Protected areas are a cornerstone of conservation and have been designed largely around terrestrial features. Freshwater species and ecosystems are highly imperiled, but the effectiveness of existing protected areas in representing freshwater features is poorly known. Using the inland waters of Michigan as a test case, we quantified the coverage of four key freshwater features (wetlands, riparian zones, groundwater recharge, rare species) within conservation lands and compared these with representation of terrestrial features. Wetlands were included within protected areas more often than expected by chance, but riparian zones were underrepresented across all (GAP 1–3) protected lands, particularly for headwater streams and large rivers. Nevertheless, within strictly protected lands (GAP 1–2), riparian zones were highly represented because of the contribution of the national Wild and Scenic Rivers Program. Representation of areas of groundwater recharge was generally proportional to area of the reserve network within watersheds, although a recharge hotspot associated with some of Michigan's most valued rivers is almost entirely unprotected. Species representation in protected areas differed significantly among obligate aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial species, with representation generally highest for terrestrial species and lowest for aquatic species. Our results illustrate the need to further evaluate and address the representation of freshwater features within protected areas and the value of broadening gap analysis and other protected‐areas assessments to include key ecosystem processes that are requisite to long‐term conservation of species and ecosystems. We conclude that terrestrially oriented protected‐area networks provide a weak safety net for aquatic features, which means complementary planning and management for both freshwater and terrestrial conservation targets is needed.
Source Coding Rate Allocation in Orthogonal Compress-and-Forward Relay Networks

The source coding rate allocation problem for the orthogonal multiple-access relay channel with M users and compress-and-forward at the relay is addressed. In case of Gaussian codebooks at the sources and Gaussian channels, we show that the sum-rate-optimal assignment of source coding rate at the relay is given by waterfilling. For general modulation alphabets at the sources and finite-alphabet discrete memoryless channels, the source coding rate allocation problem is formulated using the information bottleneck method, based on which we appropriately modify a standard cutting-plane algorithm to numerically compute an optimal source coding rate vector at the relay.
Descriptors of Corneal Shape

With the advent of videokeratoscopy and similar technology, we are now provided with more information about corneal contour than ever before. One of the common problems in this area is which parameters should be used to quantify the corneal shape. From the time of Helmholtz, the ellipse has been used as a first-order approximation for the normal corneal profile, and in the optometric literature one or another of the conic shape parameters p, Q, or e have been used to describe the general shape of the corneal surface. The purpose of this technical note is to clarify the relationships between these various descriptors of corneal shape. (Optom Vis Sci 1998;75:156-158)
Key phrase extraction: a hybrid assignment and extraction approach

Automatic key phrase extraction is fundamental to the success of many recent digital library applications and semantic information retrieval techniques and a difficult and essential problem in Vietnamese natural language processing (NLP). In this work, we propose a novel method for key phrase extracting of Vietnamese text that combines assignment and extraction approaches. We also explore NLP techniques that we propose for the analysis of Vietnamese texts, focusing on the advanced candidate phrases recognition phase as well as part-of-speech (POS) tagging. Then we propose a method that exploits specific characteristics of the Vietnamese language and exploits the Vietnamese Wikipedia as an ontology for key phrase ambiguity resolution. Finally, we show the results of several experiments that have examined the impacts of strategies chosen for Vietnamese key phrase extracting.
C-Photosynthate Partitioning and Translocation in Soybeans during Reproductive Development.

Partitioning and translocation of (14)C-photosynthates were examined during flowering and seed maturation in soybean (Glycine max [L.]Merr.) plants to quantify allocation to sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and starch and to study transport of C and N from leaves to reproductive sinks. The trifoliolate leaf at the eighth node was exposed to steady state levels of (14)CO(2) for 2 hours, followed by immediate extraction and identification of radioactive assimilates in the fed leaf blade, tissues of the transport path (e.g. petiole and stem), and fruits if they were present. About one-third of the total (14)C recovered from the leaf blades was in starch until late pod-filling, after which the proportion dropped to 16%. Sugars comprised 70% to 86% of the recovered (14)C from soluble assimilates of the source leaf, with highest proportions occurring during late flowering and early pod-filling. Amino acids accounted for 8% to 17% of the (14)C recovered from the soluble fraction, and were most evident during early flowering and mid to late pod-filling. The (14)C-organic acids comprised from 3% to 14% of the soluble (14)C-assimilates in leaves. Petioles consistently contained a higher percentage of recovered radioactivity in sugars (87-97%) and a lower percentage in amino acids (3-12%) than did leaf blades. (14)C-Amino acids in petioles attained their highest levels during mid and late pod-filling, while (14)C-organic acids comprised 2% or less of the recovered radioactivity after pod initiation. The distribution of (14)C-assimilates in the internode below the source leaf was similar to that found in petioles. A comparison of the above data to calculated C and N requirements for seed development suggests that (14)C-amino acids derived from current photosynthesis and translocated from source leaves supply at least 12% to 48% of the seed N depending on the stage of pod-filling.
Earthquakes, Religion, and Transition to Self-Government in Italian Cities

This paper presents a unique historical experiment to explore the dynamics of institutional change in the Middle Ages. We have assembled a novel dataset, where information on political institutions for northern-central Italian cities between 1000 and 1300 is matched with detailed information on the earthquakes that occurred in the area and period of interest. Exploiting the panel structure of the data, we document that the occurrence of an earthquake retarded institutional transition from autocratic regimes to self-government (the commune) in cities where the political and the religious leaders were one and the same person (Episcopal see cities), but not in cities where political and religious powers were distinct (non-Episcopal see cities). Such differential effect holds both for destructive seismic episodes and for events that were felt by the population but did not cause any material damage to persons or objects. Ancillary results show that seismic events provoked a positive and statistically significant differential effect on the construction and further ornamentation of religious buildings between Episcopal and non-Episcopal see cities. Our findings are consistent with the idea that earthquakes, interpreted in the Middle Ages as manifestation of the will and outrage of God, represented a shock to people’s religious beliefs and, as a consequence, enhanced the ability of political-religious leaders to restore social order after a crisis relative to the emerging communal institutions. This interpretation is supported by historical evidence.
A methodology for evaluating load balancing algorithms

In general, a load balancing algorithm improves a system performance. Obviously, larger the difference between the task arrival rates at various processors, more the system is imbalanced and more improvement in the system performance is achieved using a load balancing algorithm. The existing works which have used an experimental technique to show the improvement in the system performance under a load balancing algorithm have used an ad hoc procedure to select the task arrival rates for various processors. Thus, their experimental results necessarily may not provide a complete picture of the improvement in the system performance under their load balancing algorithms. The authors present a systematic scheme for the selection of the task arrival rates at various processors such that experimental results reflect a complete picture of the improvement in the system performance under a load balancing algorithm. The idea has been motivated by the well-known Taguchi technique used in quality control. <<ETX>>