Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple EIT and Frequency Comb in a Mechanically Modulated Quantum Emitter

We propose an electromechanical scheme where the electronic degree of freedom of an embedded color center is coupled to the motion of the hosting resonator via dispersive forces. The localized emitters on a free-standing two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride membrane are considered and studied, specifically. We show that the coupling of membrane vibrations to the electronic degree of freedom of the emitter can reach the strong regime. By suitable driving of a three-level Λ-system composed of two spin degrees of freedom in the electronic ground state as well as an isolated excited state of the emitter a multiple electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum becomes available. The experimental feasibility of the efficient vibrational ground state cooling of the membrane via quantum interference effects in the two-color drive scheme is numerically confirmed. More interestingly, the emission spectrum of the defect exhibits a frequency comb with frequency spacings as small as the fundamental vibrational mode, which finds applications in high-precision spectroscopy.
A Review on Novel Design Method for Compact UWB Bandpass Filters

This paper presents a brief review of Ultra wide band (UWB) Bandpass filter (BPF) using multiple mode resonator (MMR). The Bandpass filters are designed for the frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The brief history of the multiple mode resonators and the evolution of the filter by adding different techniques to enhance the filter performance and also the techniques which are used for miniaturization of the filter size are studied. With the help of these techniques the performance and size have increased and decreased resp. The outputs of various filters are compared with each other for proper analysis of the filter design to study the limitations of the previously proposed techniques.
Topographic Reconfiguration of Local and Shared Information in Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness

Theoretical consideration predicts that the alteration of local and shared information in the brain is a key element in the mechanism of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Ordinal pattern analysis, such as permutation entropy (PE) and symbolic mutual information (SMI), have been successful in quantifying local and shared information in neurophysiological data; however, they have been rarely applied to altered states of consciousness, especially to data obtained with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). PE and SMI analysis, together with the superb spatial resolution of fMRI recording, enables us to explore the local information of specific brain areas, the shared information between the areas, and the relationship between the two. Given the spatially divergent action of anesthetics on regional brain activity, we hypothesized that anesthesia would differentially influence entropy (PE) and shared information (SMI) across various brain areas, which may represent fundamental, mechanistic indicators of loss of consciousness. FMRI data were collected from 15 healthy participants during four states: wakefulness (W), light (conscious) sedation (L), deep (unconscious) sedation (D), and recovery (R). Sedation was produced by the common, clinically used anesthetic, propofol. Firstly, we found that that global PE decreased from W to D, and increased from D to R. The PE was differentially affected across the brain areas; specifically, the PE in the subcortical network was reduced more than in the cortical networks. Secondly, SMI was also differentially affected in different areas, as revealed by the reconfiguration of its spatial pattern (topographic structure). The topographic structures of SMI in the conscious states W, L, and R were distinctively different from that of the unconscious state D. Thirdly, PE and SMI were positively correlated in W, L, and R, whereas this correlation was disrupted in D. And lastly, PE changes occurred preferentially in highly connected hub regions. These findings advance our understanding of brain dynamics and information exchange, emphasizing the importance of topographic structure and the relationship of local and shared information in anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.
The use of MALDI MSI for the study of different tissues

for the determination of protein expression in mammalian tissues [3]. Usually, MALDI is combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS), because it measures complete mass spectra over wide mass ranges at the same time [4]. There also exist other types of mass spectrometers connected with MALDI, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers (FT-ICR MS) or linear ion trap with orbitrap mass spectrometers (LTQ Orbitrap MS) [5-7]. Currently, the MALDI MSI technique is the subject of comprehensive research to improve it in different ways – time of analysis [8,9], spatial resolution [10], and sensitivity and detection of different analytes [11,12]. Information gained from MALDI MSI can be correlated with immunohistochemical images [13] or with images from other techniques such The use of MALDI MSI for the study of different tissues Roman Guran1,2*, Lucie Vanickova3,4, Ondrej Zitka1,2, Vojtech Adam1,2 and Rene Kizek1,2
Extrapolation factors for small samples of pesticide toxicity data: Special focus on LD50 values for birds and mammals

For the registration procedure of pesticides it is necessary to have specific information and testing data in order to conduct an ecological hazard/risk assessment. The hazard/risk assessment for acute exposure is usually based on a quotient method, where the estimated environmental concentration is compared with the lowest available 50% lethal dose (LD50) value. Generally there are only one or two LD50s available for birds and mammals, and an underestimation of the potential hazard/risk could be a real possibility. In this article, we propose to estimate a hazardous dose for 5% of the species (HD5) for LD50 data, corresponding with the hazardous concentration for 5% of the species for the no‐observed effects concentration (NOEC) data. In addition we describe a method for calculating safety factors that can be used in the case of small sample sizes, especially those smaller than 4 and including n = 1. The safety factors to be applied to the geometric mean of the LD50s for a median estimate of the HD5 of birds and mammals are 5.7 and 3.8, respectively. The safety factors for the 95% confidence limit of the HD5 of birds for n = 1, 2, and 3 are 33, 20, and 16, respectively. For mammals these safety factors are 15, 10, and 8.
THE SPIN OF THE BLACK HOLE IN THE SOFT X-RAY TRANSIENT A0620–00

During its year-long outburst in 1975–76, the transient source A0620–00 reached an intensity of 50 Crab, an all-time record for any X-ray binary. The source has been quiescent since then. We have recently determined accurate values for the black hole (BH) mass, orbital inclination angle, and distance. Building on these results, we have measured the radius of the inner edge of the accretion disk around the BH primary by fitting its thermal continuum spectrum to our version of the relativistic Novikov–Thorne thin-disk model. We have thereby estimated the spin of the BH. Although our spin estimate depends on a single high-quality spectrum, which was obtained in 1975 by OSO-8, we are confident of our result because of the consistent values of the inner-disk radius that we have obtained for hundreds of observations of other sources: H1743-322, XTE J1550-564, and notably LMC X-3. We have determined the dimensionless spin parameter of the BH to be a* = 0.12 ± 0.19, with a* < 0.49 and a*> − 0.59 at the 3σ level of confidence. This result takes into account all sources of observational and model-parameter uncertainties. Despite the low spin, the intensity and properties of the radio counterpart, both in outburst and quiescence, attest to the presence of a strong jet. If jets are driven by BH spin, then current models indicate that jet power should be a steeply increasing function of a*. Consequently, the low spin of A0620–00 suggests that its jet may be disk driven.
Fabrication and electrochemical characterization of super-capacitor based on three-dimensional composite structure of graphene and a vertical array of carbon nanotubes

We have demonstrated a three-dimensional composite structure of graphene and carbon nanotubes as electrodes for super-capacitors. The goal of this study is to fabricate and test the vertically grown carbon nanotubes on the graphene layer acting as a spacer to avoid self-aggregation of the graphene layers while realizing high active surface area for high energy density, specific capacitance, and power density. A vertical array of carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates was grown by a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition process using anodized aluminum oxide nanoporous template fabricated on silicon substrates. Subsequently, a graphene layer was grown by another low-pressure chemical vapor deposition process on top of a vertical array of carbon nanotubes. The Raman spectra confirmed the successful growth of carbon nanotubes followed by the growth of high-quality graphene. The average measured capacitance of the three-dimensional composite structure of graphene-carbon nanotube was 780 µFcm−2 at 100 mVs−1.
Validation of Aura MLS retrievals of temperature, water vapour and ozone in the upper troposphere and lower-middle stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau during boreal summer

Abstract. We validate Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) version 3 (v3) and version 4 (v4) retrievals of summertime temperature, water vapour and ozone in the upper troposphere and lower–middle stratosphere (UTLS; 10–316 hPa) against balloon soundings collected during the Study of Ozone, Aerosols and Radiation over the Tibetan Plateau (SOAR-TP). Mean v3 and v4 profiles of temperature, water vapour and ozone in this region during the measurement campaigns are almost identical through most of the stratosphere (10–68 hPa), but differ in several respects in the upper troposphere and tropopause layer. Differences in v4 relative to v3 include slightly colder mean temperatures from 100 to 316 hPa, smaller mean water vapour mixing ratios in the upper troposphere (215–316 hPa) and a more vertically homogeneous profile of mean ozone mixing ratios below the climatological tropopause (100–316 hPa). These changes substantially improve agreement between ozonesondes and MLS ozone retrievals in the upper troposphere, but slightly worsen existing cold and dry biases at these levels. Aura MLS temperature profiles contain significant cold biases relative to collocated temperature measurements in several layers of the lower–middle stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. MLS retrievals of water vapour volume mixing ratio generally compare well with collocated measurements, excepting a substantial dry bias (−32 ± 11 % in v4) that extends through most of the upper troposphere (121–261 hPa). MLS retrievals of ozone volume mixing ratio are biased high relative to collocated ozonesondes in the stratosphere (18–83 hPa), but are biased low at 100 hPa. The largest relative biases in ozone retrievals (approximately +70 %) are located at 83 hPa. MLS v4 offers substantial benefits relative to v3, particularly with respect to water vapour and ozone. Key improvements include larger data yields, reduced noise in the upper troposphere and smaller fluctuations in the bias profile at pressures larger than 100 hPa. The situation for temperature is less clear, with cold biases and noise levels in the upper troposphere, both larger in v4 than in v3. Several aspects of our results differ from those of validations conducted in other locations. These differences are often amplified by monsoon onset, indicating that the Asian monsoon anticyclone poses unique challenges for remote sensing that impact the quality of MLS retrievals in this region.
A new radial basis function collocation method based on the quasi-uniform nodes for 2D fractional wave equation

We mainly concerned with a decoupled fractional Laplacian wave equation in this paper. A new time-space domain radial basis function (RBF) collocation method is introduced to solve the fractional wave equation, which describes seismic wave propagation in attenuation media. The directional fractional Laplacian is adopted to cope with the fractional Laplacian of RBFs. In order to increase the computational efficiency, we introduced the quasi-uniform nodes configuration scheme, which is suitable for mesh-free discretization of wave equations. The comparison between the new method and the commonly-used pseudo-spectral method are implemented on square homogeneous models with different model size. The CPU time and relative errors of different methods show that the quasi-uniform configuration scheme provides better performance and the calculation efficiency advantage is significantly prominent as the computation domain increases. The relative errors indicate that the RBF collocation method with quasi-uniform configuration could improve the computational efficiency effectively and provide satisfactory accuracy. This advantage was especially highlighted in complex models, where the new approach achieved the same accuracy with only a half number of points. The implementation on the 2D complex model further demonstrated the accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility of the proposed new method.
Truncated random measures

Completely random measures (CRMs) and their normalizations are a rich source of Bayesian nonparametric priors. Examples include the beta, gamma, and Dirichlet processes. In this paper we detail two major classes of sequential CRM representations---series representations and superposition representations---within which we organize both novel and existing sequential representations that can be used for simulation and posterior inference. These two classes and their constituent representations subsume existing ones that have previously been developed in an ad hoc manner for specific processes. Since a complete infinite-dimensional CRM cannot be used explicitly for computation, sequential representations are often truncated for tractability. We provide truncation error analyses for each type of sequential representation, as well as their normalized versions, thereby generalizing and improving upon existing truncation error bounds in the literature. We analyze the computational complexity of the sequential representations, which in conjunction with our error bounds allows us to directly compare representations and discuss their relative efficiency. We include numerous applications of our theoretical results to commonly-used (normalized) CRMs, demonstrating that our results enable a straightforward representation and analysis of CRMs that has not previously been available in a Bayesian nonparametric context.
A Pilot Study of the Impact of Repeated Sessions of Virtual Reality on Chronic Neuropathic Pain

OBJECTIVE: The use of virtual reality (VR) for pain has numerous studies showing effectiveness. However, there has been limited study of its use for chronic pain. METHODOLGY: This pilot study (N=10) investigated the impact of repeated sessions of a VR application for chronic pain on ten subjects. Impact on pain as well as on psychological variables such as depression, anxiety, catastrophizing, and sense of control over pain was assessed. Subjects underwent three twenty minute sessions of the VR application Cool! on a weekly basis using an Oculus Rift or Vive. The impact of the sessions on pain was assessed at four intervals and psychological data captured at two intervals. RESULTS: Results indicate that the VR sessions provided significant pain relief in all treatment sessions with an average of a 66% reduction in pain during the VR session and a 45% reduction in pain immediately after the session. A decrease in pain was reported to last an average of 30 hours after the session. There appeared to be limited if any impact of the VR intervention on chronic pain levels across time. There was no significant impact found for the VR intervention on depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and sense of control over pain. CONCLUSION: Implications for the use of VR on chronic pain conditions are discussed. More frequent VR interventions for chronic pain may be needed to impact pain across time. In addition, VR applications might not be used as an interventional-type in-office treatment as done here but perhaps need to have a skill teaching component or be an application available for in-home and more frequent use.
Survey of Person Identification by Using Multibiometrics

AbstractCompared to single biometrics, multibiometrics can provide higher identification accuracy and it is more suitable for high standard security. Performance of multibiometrics is higher compared to other standard techniques. It is easy to implement and can obtain better results by combining left and right palmprint images. This framework generates three kinds of scores from palmprint images to obtain matching score fusion level. The result is eiher authenticated person or un-authorised person based on the scores obtained. Compared to previous palmprint identification methods, this proposed fusion scheme allowed perfect identification performance.
Anti-cancer effects of aloe-emodin: a systematic review

Background: Anthraquinones are a possible treatment option for oncological patients due to their anti-cancer properties. Cancer patients often exhaust a plethora of resources that ultimately fail to provide fully curative measures. Alternative treatments are subsequently sought in the hope of finding a therapeutic remedy. Po¬tential regimens include aloe-emodin and its related derivatives. This review therefore summarizes the effects of aloe-emodin and other aloe components in light of their anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic properties. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed for aloe-emodin and cancer in humans. Sixty abstracts of in vitrostudies were selected and reviewed with subsequent screening of the full text. Thirty-eight articles were summarized. Results: Aloe-emodin possesses multiple anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic properties in a host of human cancer cell lines, with often multiple vital pathways affected by the same molecule. The most notable effects include inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; cycle arrest; induction of cell death; mitochondrial membrane and redox perturbations; and modulation of immune signaling. The effects of aloe-emodin are not ubiquitous across all cell lines but depend on cell type. Conclusions: On the basis of this systematic review, the multiple consistent effects of aloe-emodin in hu¬man-derived cancer cell lines suggest that aloe-emodin is a potential anti-cancer agent that acts on cancer cells in a pleiotropic manner. Relevance for patients: Cancer patients often utilize alternative therapies as a result of suboptimal efficacy of conventional treatments. Aloe-emodin might become a therapeutic option for cancer patients if the basic research is confirmed in clinical trials.
Research on Economic Comprehensive Control Strategies of Tractor-Planter Combinations in Planting, Including Gear-Shift and Cruise Control

An automatic control strategy for forward speed in the planting process is proposed to improve the fuel economy and reduce the labor intensity of drivers. Models of tractors with power-shift transmission (PST) and a precise pneumatic planter with an electric-driven seed metering device are built as research objects and simulated using Matlab with Simulink. The economic comprehensive control strategies for forward speed, including gear-shift schedule and cruise control strategy, are developed. Four levels control mode with different fuel economy performances are implemented to meet different driver or operation condition requirements. In addition, the control strategy is developed for the seed-metering device motor to maintain the required seed spacing in planting. Finally, the fuel economy and effectiveness of the control strategies for forward speed and planting quality are verified by simulations with Matlab/Simulink and Matlab/Stateflow. The simulation results verify the satisfactory performance of the proposed control strategies. The error of seed spacing is less than 3% when planting with speed fluctuation. Under the premise of ensuring planting quality and driver’s demands, the cruise control strategies for forward speed have more significant effects on the fuel economy than previous cruise control strategies. Furthermore, the control mode with higher level has better fuel economy and a larger speed deviation range.
Techniques for the Generation of Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Shapes in Tile-Based Self-Assembly Systems

A big challenge in nanorobotics is the construction of nanoscale objects. DNA is a bio-compatible tool to reliably and constructively create objects at the nanoscale. A possible tool to build nano-sized structures are tile-based self-assembly systems on the basis of DNA. It is challenging and time-consuming to efficiently design blueprints for the desired objects. This paper presents basic algorithms for the creation of tilesets for nxnxn-cubes in the aTAM model. Only few publications focus on three-dimensional DNA crystals. Three-dimensional shapes are likely to be of more use in nanorobotics. We present three variations: hollow cubes, cube-grids and filled cubes. The paper also presents a basic algorithm to create arbitrary, finite, connected, three-dimensional and predefined shapes at temperature 1, as well as ideas for more efficient algorithms. Among those are algorithms for spheres, ellipsoids, red blood cells and other promising designs. The algorithms and tilesets are tested/verified using a software that has been developed for the purpose of verifying three-dimensional sets of tiletypes and was influenced by the tool ISU TAS. Others can use the simulator and the algorithms to quickly create sets of tiletypes for their desired nanostructures. A long learning process may thus be omitted.
On the Upper Ocean Thermal Structure in a Western North Pacific Ocean Model: Model Evaluation and Sensitivity Study

Seasonal variations in the upper water column of the western North Pacific are simulated with the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). The model is driven by surface fluxes of heat, momentum and freshwater without prescribing sea surface temperature or salinity. A series of numerical experiments are conducted to explore the sensitivity of the upper ocean thermal structure to the parameterized solar penetration scheme and two common practices to control model climate through a flux correction term and a nudging term. The absorption of solar radiation by the water column beneath the sea surface destabilizes the upper layers to cause a stronger mixing and deeper mixed layer in the warm season (from April to September). Therefore, removing solar penetration from the model results in an exceptionally stable surface layer, and tends to produce an overly shallow mixed layer in the warm season. The experiment with a prescribed net surface heat flux shows that the model is unable to maintain a heat balance in the upper water column, producing a cooling trend. Experiments with a flux correction term are able to keep the simulated sea surface temperature (SST) from a long term drift by adjusting the amount of the net surface heat flux. However, unrealistic net surface heat flux is produced in the experiment, when the model assumes no solar penetration. The implementation of a weak temperature nudging (1/50 days) toward a long term mean climatology prevents the model from simulating a cold bias during long term integration. The experiment with solar penetration and a weak nudging produces reasonable interannual variability during the period of 1995 - 2006 without flux corrections. The nudging terms steer advective heat fluxes towards the climatological mean state so as to avoid long-term drift in upper water column heat content. A detailed understanding of the function of nudging terms in controlling the hydrodynamics of the water column remains to be investigated.