Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
flexMEDiC : flexible Memory Error Detection by Combined data encoding and duplication

Errors in memory are known to be a major cause of system failures. Moreover, it has recently been found that single-error correcting, double-error detecting (SECDED) codes, which are widely used in ECC memory modules, are incapable of handling large fractions of errors that occur in practice. This calls for more powerful error detection measures. However, the higher the number of bit flips that can still be detected as an error, the larger the memory overhead. Cost considerations and the varying needs for reliability of different applications may not always warrant laying down extra hardware to accommodate overheads. Software-implemented error detection offers a flexible alternative. In this work we propose the software-implemented flexMEDiC scheme for detecting errors in the memory system, including main memory, on-chip caches, and load-store queues. It is shown that single and double bit flips are detected by flexMEDiC, and evidence is given that suggests that up to five bit flips within a single data word can still be detected as errors. The average runtime overhead incurred by flexMEDiC is 1.55x.
Ultrastructure as a basis for dating of rat endometrium

Studies on the endometrial cycle depend upon the precise dating of the cycle stage. In the present paper the generally applied method of vaginal smear was carefully verified through the measurement of the hormones relevant to the endometrial cycle. From rats predated through vaginal smear cytology, the hormone levels of estradiol‐17‐beta (E2) and progesterone (P), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. The values obtained were then compared to the standardized values of our reference curve. Animals with values that did not fit within the standard deviation of our reference curve were excluded from this investigation. Thus, for the first time exactly dated rat endometrial morphology was studied with electron microscopy. The morphology of the surface epithelium of rat endometrium from all four stages of the cycle is described in detail. In addition, a semiquantitative morphometric analysis of the following parameters was performed: cell volume, nuclear volume, the volume density of secretory granules, digestive vacuoles, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid vacuoles as well as the size of lipid vacuoles. With the cellular content of lipid vacuoles and their diameter, it is possible to differentiate between proestrus/estrus and diestrus I/diestrus II, the latter possessing definitely more and larger lipid vacuoles. During estrus the greatest cytoplasmic volume develops. In addition to this, secretory granules are only present during estrus. Finally, diestrus I can be well differentiated from diestrus II, because diestrus I exhibits more digestive vacuoles and during diestrus II a high percentage of free ribosomes is present. On the basis of distinct morphological features, described in this paper, it is now clearly possible to distinguish between the four different cycle stages. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta-Connectomic Analysis Reveals Commonly Disrupted Functional Architectures in Network Modules and Connectors across Brain Disorders

Neuropsychiatric disorders are increasingly conceptualized as disconnection syndromes that are associated with abnormal network integrity in the brain. However, whether different neuropsychiatric disorders show commonly dysfunctional connectivity architectures in large-scale brain networks remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a meta-connectomic study to identify disorder-related functional modules and brain regions by combining meta-analyses of 182 published resting-state functional MRI studies in 11 neuropsychiatric disorders and graph-theoretical analyses of 3 independent resting-state functional MRI datasets with healthy and diseased populations (Alzheimer's disease and major depressive disorder [MDD]). Three major functional modules, the default mode, frontoparietal, and sensorimotor networks were commonly abnormal across disorders. Moreover, most of the disorders preferred to target the network connector nodes that were primarily involved in intermodule communications and multiple cognitive components. Apart from these common dysfunctions, different brain disorders were associated with specific alterations in network modules and connector regions. Finally, these meta-connectomic findings were confirmed by two empirical example cases of Alzheimer's disease and MDD. Collectively, our findings shed light on the shared biological mechanisms of network dysfunctions of diverse disorders and have implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment from a network perspective.
Geração evolucionária de heurísticas para localização de defeitos de software

Localizacao de Defeitos e uma etapa do ciclo de vida de software, que demanda recursos importantes tais como o tempo e o esforco gastos em um projeto. Existem diversas iniciativas na direcao da automacao do processo de localizacao de defeitos e da reducao dos recursos associados. Muitas tecnicas sao baseadas heuristicas que utilizam informacao obtida (espectro) a partir da execucao de casos de teste, visando a medir a suspeita de cada elemento de programa para ser defeituoso. Os dados de espectro referem-se, em geral, a cobertura de codigo e aos resultados dos teste (positivo ou negativo). O presente trabalho apresenta duas abordagens baseadas no algoritmo Programacao Genetica para o problema de Localizacao de Defeitos: um metodo para compor automaticamente novas heuristicas a partir de um conjunto de heuristicas existentes; e um metodo para a construcao de heuristicas baseadas em dados oriundos da analise de mutacao de programas. Os aspectos inovadores de ambos os metodos referem-se a investigacao conjunta de: (i) especializacao de heuristicas para determinados programas; (ii) aplicacao de abordagem evolutiva para a geracao de heuristicas com equacoes nao lineares; (iii) criacao de heuristicas a partir da combinacao de heuristicas tradicionais; (iv) uso de espectro de cobertura e de mutacao extraidos da atividade de teste; (v) analise e comparacao da eficacia de metodos que usam os espectros de cobertura e de mutacao para a localizacao de defeitos; e (vi) analise da qualidade dos espectros de mutacao como fonte de dados para a localizacao de defeitos. Os resultados apontaram competitividade de ambas as abordagens em seus contextos.
A Prática da Autoavaliação no Ensino Superior

Resumo: Este artigo teorico faz parte de pesquisas desenvolvidas com a Universidad de Santiago de Chile e a UniLeao-Centro Universitario. Intitula-se: A pratica da Autoavaliacao no Ensino Superior. Ocorre portanto a intencao de analisar as metodologias de escolha dos professores pela Autoavaliacao, como ferramenta avaliativa e de autorregulacao dos processos de aprendizagem e ensino, detalhando praticas especificas como ferramenta. A principio buscou-se investigar os principais estudiosos sobre conceitos, tipos e categorias e intencoes da avaliacao educacional, alem de estudar como esta a pratica de autoavaliacao no ensino superior, de acordo com a Legislacao Brasileira e, finalmente, sinalizar como algumas acoes adotadas por educadores influem no proprio fazer pedagogico. A metodologia de nosso estudo e de enfoque Fenomenologico, com tecnica descritiva, explicativo, fortalecido por estudo de caso em seu desenho metodologico. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram professores universitarios desta IES. Os instrumentos de coleta foram questionarios a professores de ensino superior e posteriormente, deste mesmo grupo um quantitativo a aplicacao de entrevistas. Os dados parciais tambem revelam em linhas gerais que este estudo representa a possibilidade de tornar mais explicito o conhecimento e analise de como os professores pensam, vivenciam e concebem ao adotar a pratica autoavaliativa como experiencia de autoconhecimento. Desse modo uma questao se coloca como ponto chave: como os professores encaram e interpretam os momentos de autoavaliacao diante dos processos entre como avaliam e sao avaliados.
Dietary Protein and Strength Athletes

SUMMARY DIETARY PROTEIN, PARTICULARLY IN THE AMPLE AMOUNTS USED BY MANY STRENGTH ATHLETES, HAS LONG BEEN CONTROVERSIAL, IN PART BECAUSE OF LACK OF DATA. THE SAFETY (E.G. RENAL AND BONE HEALTH) AND EFFICACY (ENHANCED PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, MUSCLE ACCRETION, AND FAT LOSS) OF VARIOUS PROTEINS HAVE NOW BEEN RESEARCHED TO VARYING DEGREES, HOWEVER. PROTEIN TYPE, DOSE, PERI-EXERCISE TIMING, ENERGY INTAKE, AND TRAINING STATUS ARE CONSIDERATIONS. RECOMMENDATIONS SHOULD NOT BE EXTRAPOLATED FROM OTHER POPULATIONS. THIS REVIEW COVERS DATA SPECIFIC TO THE STRENGTH TRAINING POPULATION AND OFFERS PRACTICAL ADVICE ON MANIPULATING PROTEIN FOR OPTIMAL BENEFITS.
Langage et cognition: le malentendu cognitiviste

Le paradigme dominant en sciences cognitives, que l'on appelle le paradigme cognitiviste, s'est developpe autour de deux grandes theories, celle de Chomsky en linguistique et celle de Fodor en psychologie cognitive. L'articulation entre ces deux theories repose sur une hypothese tres forte, qui consiste a isoler le traitement du langage du reste du fonctionnement du systeme cognitif. Ainsi la comprehension d'un enonce se ferait en deux etapes successives. La premiere consisterait en une analyse purement linguistique qui degagerait le contenu informationnel de l'enonce. Ce contenu, de nature logique, serait ensuite traite par un systeme central capable d'integrer ces informations et de reagir en consequence. Dans cet article, nous commencons par discuter le bien-fonde de cette hypothese, que nous appellons l'hypothese etapiste. Les difficultes auxquelles elle conduit nous amenent a remettre en cause l'ensemble du cadre cognitiviste, et a proposer une autre approche des activites langagieres, qui s'inscrit dans une perspective radicalement differente, en passe de devenir un paradigme alternatif pour l'ensemble des sciences cognitives, que l'on pourrait appeler le paradigme constructiviste.
La remédiation cognitive dans l’anorexie mentale de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, une nouvelle perspective thérapeutique ?

L’anorexie mentale est la pathologie qui a le plus fort taux de mortalite de tous les troubles mentaux, les resultats des therapeutiques habituelles dans ce trouble n'est pas satisfaisant et il est necessaire de developper de nouvelles approches. La remediation cognitive est une modalite therapeutique en plein essor dans le domaine de la psychiatrie, elle est encore en voie de developpement dans l'anorexie mentale. Cet outil therapeutique s'appuie dans l'anorexie mentale sur les resultats des recents travaux concernant le fonctionnement neurocognitif de ces patients. Ils ont mis en evidence des particularites cognitives telles qu'un manque de coherence centrale et de flexibilite mentale qui sont des facteurs precipitant puis de maintien du trouble. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes demandes si la remediation cognitive pouvait etre consideree comme un levier therapeutique dans l’anorexie mentale et en particulier dans la population pediatrique. Pour repondre a cette question nous avons effectue une revue de la litterature sur ce sujet. Ce travail propose dans un premier temps de faire un point sur les caracteristiques de l’anorexie mentale chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. Puis il presente dans un second temps les modalites et principes de la remediation cognitive ainsi que ses principales applications en psychiatrie. Et enfin il se concentre sur son application dans l’anorexie mentale, en portant une attention particuliere pour les etudes menees chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. Il existe encore peu d’etudes, essentiellement des etudes de cas. Ces etudes se heurtent a des difficultes methodologiques notamment dans le choix d’un bon outil de mesure capable d'evaluer de maniere specifique les effets de la remediation cognitive et egalement dans le choix de la « bonne » condition controle. En effet, les etudes actuelles ne nous permettent pas de conclure sur l'amelioration des performances cognitives apres CRT. L’amelioration de la symptomatologie et du fonctionnement global du patient mis en evidence a la suite de la CRT ne peut pas etre attribuable exclusivement a la CRT au regard des methodes d’evaluation employees dans les etudes existantes. Cependant, cette revue de la litterature a permis de souligner l’interet de cette therapie tout d’abord dans la creation d’une alliance therapeutique de qualite permettant un engagement therapeutique durable dans la population pediatrique. Ces resultats prometteurs meritent d’etre approfondis par de nouvelles etudes, notamment par la mise en œuvre d’etudes controlees randomisees.
Chemical Changes in Submerged Penicillin Fermentations

To control a fermentation it is helpful, if not necessary, to understand its mechanism; these studies of the various factors influencing penicillin production have therefore included an investigation of the chemical changes occurring during the fermentation. Since the body of observations is so large that an adequate presentation of the data would require an inordinate amount of space, much of the material presented here will consist of generalizations, followed by representative illustrative data.
Effects of cardioselective and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blockade on glycogenolysis, lipolysis and growth hormone secretion.

(GH) of atenolol, relative selectivity for P3-adrenoceptors and (ISA), a non- The study was a randomized within-patient com- parison of the effects of atenolol and pindolol on adrenaline-stimulated glycogenolysis, lipolysis and growth hormone secretion carried out in 12 healthy male volunteers aged between 20 and 31 years. After an overnight fast of at least 14 h intravenous cannulae were positioned in both arms and the subjects then rested for 2 h in a room with a constant temperature of 20°C. In a control experiment adrenaline was infused at a rate of 0.1 pg/kg- 1 body weight min- 1 for 60 min and blood samples were taken before and 15, 30,45,60 and 90 min aftercommencing the infusion. This procedure was repeated after 7 days oral treat- ment with either pindolol 15 mg/day or atenolol 150 mg/day. On the day of experiment subjects re- ceived either pindolol 10 mg orally or atenolol 100 mg orally 1 h before the adrenaline infusion.
Free radical-dependent changes in constitutive Nuclear factor kappa B in the aged hippocampus

We have examined the levels of constitutively active NF-κB subunits p65, p50 and p52 in the hippocampus of aged (24 months) vs young (3 months) F344 rats. Although we found no significant age-dependent difference in baseline nuclear levels of any subunit, we did note a differential response to treatment with the antioxidant PBN. While PBN significantly reduced nuclear levels of all three subunits in aged rats, only p50 was significantly reduced in the nuclei of young animals. This shows that the impetus for constitutive NF-κB activity is different in young and aged animals and may reflect a state of chronic oxidative stress in the latter. In addition this suggests a dysregulation of NF-κB and may contribute to the inability of the aged CNS to cope with insults such as trauma and ischemia/reperfusion.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: technique, complications and perspectives

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the preferred treatment option for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who are inoperable or at high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. TAVI has shown a clear mortality benefit compared to conservative treatment in inoperable patients, and is at least non-inferior to surgical aortic valve replacement in high-risk operable patients. Through improvements in the field of imaging, refinement in valve technologies, increasing operator and team experience and continuous valuable research, TAVI has developed rapidly in the past years and is expected to further boost in the near future. In this review, we discuss the technical and procedural aspects of TAVI, the acute and late outcomes, and highlight the current expectations and potential future development of this rapidly evolving technology.
Risk Management in Software Product Line Engineering: a Mapping Study

Software Product Line (SPL) Engineering focuses on systematic software reuse, which has benefits such as reductions in time-to-market and effort, and improvements in the quality of products. However, establishing a SPL is not a simple matter, and can affect all aspects of the organization, since the approach is complex and involves major investment and considerable risk. These risks can have a negative impact on the expected ROI for an organization, if SPL is not sufficiently managed. This paper presents a mapping study of Risk Management (RM) in SPL Engineering. We analyzed a set of thirty studies in the field. The results points out the need for risk management practices in SPL, due to the little research on RM practices in SPL and the importance of identifying insight on RM in SPL. Most studies simply mention the importance of RM, however the steps for managing risk are not clearly specified. Our findings suggest that greater attention should be given, through the use of industrial case studies and experiments, to improve SPL productivity and ensure its success. This research is a first attempt within the SPL community to identify, classify, and manage risks, and establish mitigation strategies.
Morphometric Methods in Veterinary Pathology: A Review

The stereological procedures available for estimating volume, surface area and number of the structural components of cells and tissue are reviewed. The applications of stereology to the study of liver, mammary gland, lung and placenta are discussed with particular emphasis on the aspects of interest to veterinary pathologists. Stereology provides the cell biologist and the pathologist with a powerful tool for describing biological structure in quantitative terms at various levels of organization from the organ to the organelle.
In Vitro Evaluation of Betamethasone-Loaded Nanoparticles

The aim of the present work was to investigate the preparation of nanoparticles as a potential drug carrier in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. A nanoprecipitation method was used to entrap betamethasone in a poly[ε-caprolactone] matrix. Process parameters such as the initial drug load, the surfactants (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA; sodium cholate, SC), and their concentration in the aqueous phase were analyzed for their influences on particle properties. Particle size changed with increasing surfactant concentrations (PVA: 250 to 400 nm; sodium cholate: 330 to 150 nm) due to changes in interface stability and viscosity of the aqueous phase. The zeta potential was around neutrality with PVA and between − 28 and − 42 mV with SC. Betamethasone encapsulation rates of about 75% and 90% slightly increased with higher surfactant concentration. Drug release profiles exhibited an initial burst release with both surfactants, PVA (8–18%) or SC (25–35%) followed by a sustained release delivering 15% to 40% of the entrapped drug within 48 hours. The present nanoparticulate formulations exhibit promising properties of a colloidal drug carrier for betamethasone. Although SC seems to be advantageous due to its biocompatibility, in terms of sustained drug release pattern, the use of PVA is favorable.
A p53-independent Pathway for Activation of WAF1/CIP1 Expression Following Oxidative Stress *

Incubating human cells in diethylmaleate (DEM) depletes the intracellular pool of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increases the concentration of oxidative free radicals. We found that DEM-induced oxidative stress reduced the ability of p53 to bind its consensus recognition sequence and to activate transcription of a p53-specific reporter gene. Nevertheless, DEM treatment induced expression of WAF1/CIP1 but not GADD45 mRNA. The fact that N-acetylcysteine, a precursor of GSH that blocks oxidative stress, prevented WAF1/CIP1 induction by DEM suggests that WAF1/CIP1 induction probably was a consequence of the ability of DEM to reduce intracellular GSH levels. DEM induced WAF1/CIP1 expression in Saos-2 and T98G cells, both of which lack functional p53 protein. DEM treatment did not produce an increase in membrane-associated protein kinase C, but ERK2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, was phosphorylated in a manner consistent with ERK2 activation. DEM treatment also produced a dose-dependent delay in cell cycle progression, which at low concentrations (0.25 mM) consisted of a G2/M arrest and at higher concentrations (1 mM) also involved G1 and S phase delays. Our results indicate that oxidative stress induces WAF1/CIP1 expression and arrests cell cycle progression through a mechanism that is independent of p53. This mechanism may provide for cell cycle checkpoint control under conditions that inactivate p53.
Bot or not: exploring the fine line between cyber and human identity

Speech technology is rapidly entering the everyday through the large scale commercial impact of systems such as Apple Siri and Amazon Echo. Meanwhile technology that allows voice cloning, voice modification, speech recognition, speech analytics and expressive speech synthesis has changed dramatically over recent years. The demonstration, described in this paper, is an educational tool in the form of an online quiz called `Bot or Not'. Using the quiz we have gathered impressions of what people realise is possible with current speech synthesis technology. The opinions of various groups regarding the synthesis of famous voices, sounding like a robot, and the difference between synthesis and voice modification were collected.
Prevalence of the burnout syndrome among Brazilian medical oncologists.

INTRODUCTION Burnout syndrome which is prevalent among oncologists is characterized by three aspects: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The purpose was to evaluate prevalence of the burnout syndrome among Brazilian medical oncologists and the variables that correlate with its presence. METHODS A survey was conducted with members of the Brazilian Society of Medical Oncology (SBOC) who received three questionnaires (general, Maslach burnout questionnaire and an opinion survey) mailed to all 458 members. RESULTS Response rate was of 22.3%. According to the criteria proposed by Grunfeld, which consider burnout present when at least one of the aspects is severely abnormal, prevalence of this syndrome was 68.6% (95% confidence interval, CI: 58.68% to 77.45%). By multivariate analysis having a hobby/physical activity, a religious affiliation, older age, living with a companion and rating vacation time as sufficient were correlated significantly and independently with burnout syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The burnout syndrome is prevalent among Brazilian oncologists. Oncologists having sufficient personal and social resources to engage in a hobby, physical activity, have enough vacation time and religious activities are at lower risk of developing burnout.