Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A contextualized project-based approach for improving student engagement and learning in AI courses

Project MLeXAI, Machine Learning Experiences in Artificial Intelligence, is a multi-institutional project that has been funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation. The goal is to develop a framework for teaching core Artificial Intelligence (AI) topics with a unifying theme of machine learning. The objectives are to enhance student learning experiences in the AI course by implementing a unifying theme of machine learning to tie together the diverse and seemingly disconnected topics in the AI course, to increase student interest and motivation to learn AI, and to introduce students to an increasingly important research area. To that end, a suite of hands-on term-long projects and associated curricular modules have been developed. Each project involves the design and implementation of a learning system which enhances a particular commonly-deployed AI application. In addition, the projects provide students with an opportunity to address not only core AI topics but also many of the issues central to computer science, including algorithmic complexity and scalability problems. Phase I of the project involved the development and testing of a prototype at three institutions: a small liberal arts college, a medium comprehensive university, and a state university. Phase II builds on phase I work and involves further development and testing of an adaptable framework for the presentation of core AI through a unifying theme of machine learning. The goal of phase II was to increase the number of modules and expand the implementation and testing to include a larger and more diverse set of colleges and universities. In this paper we present results of phase II assessment of the collaborative development, dissemination, and separate testing of the projects at the institutions of twenty participating faculty members. The institutions are geographically dispersed and represent a broad range of institutions and student body.
Visualizing LSTM decisions

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks are renowned for being uninterpretable"black boxes". In the medical domain where LSTMs have shown promise, this is specifically concerning because it is imperative to understand the decisions made by machine learning models in such acute situations. This study employs techniques used in the Convolutional Neural Network domain to elucidate the operations that LSTMs perform on time series. The visualization techniques include input saliency by means of occlusion and derivatives, class mode visualization, and temporal outputs. Moreover, we demonstrate that LSTMs appear to extract features similar to those extracted by wavelets. It was found that deriving the inputs for saliency is a poor approximation and occlusion is a better approach. Moreover, analyzing LSTMs on different sets of data provide novel interpretations.
PLACING THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE ON THE CURRICULUM : A MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEDAGOGY

This article focuses on two of the principal issues for science curriculum developers who wish to introduce the history and philosophy of science into the teaching of science — the jus- tification for, and the placement of, historical materials within teachers' schemes of work. First, it is argued that the history and philosophy of science must have a rationale that is integral to, and con- sistent with, teachers' main aims to have any chance of being considered for inclusion in a program of study. Second, the justification must point to places in schemes of work where the inclusion of history of science will directly contribute to students learning of science concepts and satisfy that principal objective. A new model for the inclusion of such material is proposed that directly ad- dresses both children's alternative frameworks and the historical and sociocultural context of the discovery. It is argued that this model offers potential for improved learning of the concepts of sci- ence and for learning about science. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 81:405 - 424, 1997.
Injection of Flagellin into the Host Cell Cytosol by Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium*

Bacterial flagellins are potent inducers of innate immunity. Three signaling pathways have been implicated in the sensing of flagellins; these involve toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and the cytosolic proteins Birc1e/Naip5 and Ipaf. Although the structural basis of TLR5-flagellin interaction is known, little is known about how flagellin enters the host cell cytosol to induce signaling via Birc1e/Naip5 and Ipaf. Here we demonstrate for the first time the translocation of bacterial flagellin into the cytosol of host macrophages by the vacuolar pathogen, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Translocation of flagellin into the host cell cytosol was directly demonstrated using β-lactamase reporter constructs. Flagellin translocation required the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Type III secretion system (SPI-1 T3SS) but not the flagellar T3SS.
Carga bacteriana en ostión (Crassostrea virginica), desde su recolecta hasta su consumo

El ostion Crassostrea virginica se enfrenta a limitaciones ocasionadas por problemas sanitarios. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue evaluar la carga bacteriana en el ostion C. virginica, desde su recolecta en la Laguna de Alvarado, Veracruz, hasta su distribucion, venta y consumo en diferentes centros comerciales de la Ciudad de Mexico. Las bacterias aisladas se purifi caron, e identifi caron, siguiendo los criterios del Manual de Merck y se confi rmo con el API-20E. Para determinar la diferencia signifi cativa entre y dentro de todas y cada una de las fases de comercializacion del recurso, se aplico analisis de varianza unilateral. Las razon de F calculadas indicaron homogeneidad dentro de cada fase en cuanto a cantidad y diversidad de especies; diferencias signifi cativas cualitativas y cuantitativas entre las fases; indicando incremento de la incidencia de Enterobacterias y de especies de los generos Vibrio, Aeromonas y Pseudomonas, pero disminuyendo el numero de unidades formadoras de colonias por mililitro de estas especies. La carga bacteriana del ostion difi ere con respecto a la diversidad de especies o al numero de unidades formadoras de colonias por mililitro de estas desde su recoleccion hasta su distribucion, venta y consumo en diferentes puntos de la Ciudad de Mexico
Epidural versus Continuous Transversus Abdominis Plane Catheter Technique for Postoperative Analgesia after Abdominal Surgery

Transversus abdominis plane block is an effective postoperative analgesic technique after abdominal surgery, but no study has compared continuous transversus abdominis plane block with continuous epidural analgesia. We designed a randomised controlled trial comparing these techniques for major abdominal surgery. Patients in the epidural group received a bolus of 8 to 15 ml of ropivacaine 0.2% and an infusion of 5 to 15 ml/hour and the transversus abdominis plane block group a bolus dose of 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.375% bilaterally and an infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine 8 ml/hour bilaterally, for three days. Both groups received paracetamol and patient controlled analgesia with fentanyl for three days. Primary outcomes were numerical rating scores for pain (rest and dynamic over 72 hours) and total fentanyl use; complications and satisfaction scores were also noted. The study was terminated early after 42 patients had been randomised (epidural n=19; transversus abdominis plane block n=22; one excluded). No differences were found in regards to point pain scores or scores over time, either immediately postoperatively or in surgical wards; total fentanyl requirement and Likert satisfaction scores were also similar in both groups. In this underpowered study we found comparable results between continuous transversus abdominis plane technique and epidural analgesia in regard to pain, analgesic use and satisfaction after abdominal surgery. To confirm this finding, randomised trials with larger numbers of participants are needed.
Vein graft disease in a knockout mouse model of hyperhomocysteinaemia

A major reason for vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting is neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. Elevated serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, but homocysteine levels also tend to increase during the first weeks or months after cardiac surgery. To investigate this further, C57BL/6J mice (WT) and cystathionine‐beta‐synthase heterozygous knockout mice (CBS+/−), a mouse model for hyperhomocysteinaemia, underwent interposition of the vena cava of donor mice into the carotid artery of recipient mice. Two experimental groups were examined: 20 mice of each group underwent bypass surgery (group 1: WT donor and WT recipient; group 2: CBS+/− donor and CBS+/− recipient). After 4 weeks, the veins were harvested, dehydrated, paraffin‐embedded, stained and analysed by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, serum Hcy levels in CBS knockout animals and in WT animals before and after bypass surgery were measured. At 4 weeks postoperatively, group 2 mice showed a higher percentage of thrombosis compared to controls, a threefold increase in neointima formation, higher general vascularization, a lower percentage of elastic fibres with shortage and fragmentation in the neointima, a lower percentage of acid mucopolysaccharides in the neointima and a more intense fibrosis in the neointima and media. In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinaemic cystathionine‐beta‐synthase knockout mice can play an important role in the study of mechanisms of vein graft failure. But further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to answer the question whether or not homocysteine itself or a related metabolic factor is the key aetiologic agent for accelerated vein graft disease.
Sequencing the fungal tree of life.

Sequencing the Fungal Tree of Life F. Martin 1 , D. Cullen 2 , D. Hibbett 3 , A. Pisabarro 4 , J. W. Spatafora 5 , S. E. Baker 6,7, I. V. Grigoriev 7 UMR INRA/UHP 1136, Interactions Arbres/Micro-Organismes, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA Department of Agrarian Production, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain Dept. Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 Chemical and Biological Process Development Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA, 99352 US DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California, USA March 2011 The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California.
A New Methodology to Estimate the Rotating Phase of a BLDC Motor With Its Application in Variable-Speed Bearing Fault Diagnosis

A new methodology is proposed to estimate the rotating phase of a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor under variable-speed condition through phase current analysis. Studies on this topic are limited. By adopting several signal processing techniques, including zero-phase filtering, Hilbert transform-based phase estimation, and signal truncation and alignment, an accurate rotating angle curve can be obtained from the noisy current signal featured with frequency and amplitude modulations. Particularly, a criterion called sinusoid similarity is proposed to evaluate the error of phase estimation and to guide optimal filter design. The proposed methodology is then combined with the vibration signal analysis-based order tracking technique to achieve variable-speed motor bearing fault diagnosis. Experimental results indicate that the proposed methodology provides a simple, noninvasive, highly accurate solution for the estimation of BLDC motor rotating phase, thereby presenting potential applications in motor bearing fault diagnosis and other related areas.
Acerca de la distribución del conocimiento en programas sociales implementados en el Complejo Habitacional Carlos Gardel- Presidente Sarmiento, Municipio de Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires

Cita sugerida: Costa, M.I. (2008). Acerca de la distribución del conocimiento en programas sociales implementados en el Complejo Habitacional Carlos Gardel-Presidente Sarmiento, Municipio de Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires. V Jornadas de Sociología de la UNLP, 10, 11 y 12 de diciembre de 2008, La Plata, Argentina. En Memoria Académica. Disponible en: http://www.memoria. fahce.unlp. edu.ar/trab_eventos/ev.5969/ev.5969. pdf Costa, María Ignacia
Stardust in meteorites

Primitive meteorites, interplanetary dust particles, and comets contain dust grains that formed around stars that lived their lives before the solar system formed. These remarkable objects have been intensively studied since their discovery a little over twenty years ago and they provide samples of other stars that can be studied in the laboratory in exquisite detail with modern analytical tools. The properties of stardust grains are used to constrain models of nucleosynthesis in red giant stars and supernovae, the dominant sources of dust grains that are recycled into the interstellar medium by stars.
Invasive Lionfish Drive Atlantic Coral Reef Fish Declines

Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles) have spread swiftly across the Western Atlantic, producing a marine predator invasion of unparalleled speed and magnitude. There is growing concern that lionfish will affect the structure and function of invaded marine ecosystems, however detrimental impacts on natural communities have yet to be measured. Here we document the response of native fish communities to predation by lionfish populations on nine coral reefs off New Providence Island, Bahamas. We assessed lionfish diet through stomach contents analysis, and quantified changes in fish biomass through visual surveys of lionfish and native fishes at the sites over time. Lionfish abundance increased rapidly between 2004 and 2010, by which time lionfish comprised nearly 40% of the total predator biomass in the system. The increase in lionfish abundance coincided with a 65% decline in the biomass of the lionfish's 42 Atlantic prey fishes in just two years. Without prompt action to control increasing lionfish populations, similar effects across the region may have long-term negative implications for the structure of Atlantic marine communities, as well as the societies and economies that depend on them.
Effets de la densité de plantation sur la croissance, la ramification et l'architecture d'une provenance d'Epicea commun (Picea abies L. Karsten)

Afin de mettre en evidence et de mieux comprendre les effets de la densite de plantation sur l'architecture d'une provenance d'Epicea commun (Picea abies L. Karsten), on a tout d'abord precise la structure de l'unite de croissance (U.C.). Celle-ci presente en effet trois zones dont chacune se subdivise en une sous-zone non ramifiee et une ramifiee : une zone pseudo-verticillaire distale qui porte les branches maitresses de l'arbre; une zone inter-verticillaire mediane ou la ramification est diffuse et aboutit a la mise en place de rameaux inter-verticillaires dont la vigueur est inferieure aux branches portees par la zone pseudo-verticillaire precedente; une zone proximale ou peuvent naitre des bourgeons qui sont le plus souvent proventifs, mais qui peuvent parfois donner naissance a des rameaux dont le developpement n'est differe que d'un an. On a mis en evidence, independamment de l'effet de la densite, trois gradients morphogenetiques au sein de l'arbre qui traduisent l'evolution du meristeme apical. Il s'agit de : l'acrotonie, la derive, l'ordre de ramification
A Novel Ranking Approach Relevant Files for Bug Reports Using Domain Knowledge

When a new bug report is received, developers usually need to reproduce the bug and perform code reviews to find the cause, a process that can be tedious and time consuming. A tool for ranking all the source files with respect to how likely they are to contain the cause of the bug would enable developers to narrow down their search and improve productivity. This paper introduces an adaptive ranking approach that leverages project knowledge through functional decomposition of source code, API descriptions of library components, the bug-fixing history, the code change history, and the file dependency graph. Given a bug report, the ranking score of each source file is computed as a weighted combination of an array of features, where the weights are trained automatically on previously solved bug reports using a learning-to-rank technique. We evaluate the ranking system on six large scale open source Java projects, using the before-fix version of the project for every bug report. The experimental results show that the learning-to-rank approach outperforms three recent stateof-the-art methods. In particular, our method makes correct recommendations within the top 10 ranked source files for over 70% of the bug reports in the Eclipse Platform and Tomcat projects.
Cryoprotectants for Crithidia fasciculata stored at -20 C, with notes on Trypanosoma gambiense and T. conorhini.

SYNOPSIS. Cryoprotectants were tested in both complex and semidefined media for the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. Near log-phase or end-of-log-phase cultures were frozen for 24–48 hr at ∼ -20 C, then warmed in air to room temperature. Immediate motility was correlated with viability. The best protectant of the 83 tested was glycerol at ∼ 10% (w/v). Survival without cryoprotectant was rare. Outstanding cryoprotectants (perhaps also useful solvents for drugs poorly soluble in water) were: ethylene glycol; 2,2′-dioxyethanol (diethylene glycol); 1,2,4-butanetriol; 1,4-cyclohexanediol; dimethylsulfoxide; propylene glycol; and N-acetylethanolamine. Several sugars were active, e.g., D-arabinose, sucrose, and sorbitol. Trypanosomes tolerated cryoprotectants much less; tolerance was better in growth media than in suspension media. Trypanosoma gambiense was grown in blood-enriched media + 2-2.5% glycerol, suspended in 20% (w/v) glycerol. then frozen; this permitted 3-week survival. T. conorhini survived 4 weeks after growth in media containing glycerol 2.5%+ ethylene glycol 4%+ rutin 1.0 mg per 100 ml.
Développement d'un modèle représentatif d'une éolienne afin d'étudier l'implantation de plusieurs machines sur un parc éolien

Cette these est consacree a l'etude de l'aerodynamique des eoliennes, elle est divisee en deux parties principales, l'une experimentale, l'autre concerne la modelisation et la simulation numerique. Les champs de vitesses en aval d'une eolienne tripale a axe horizontal sont explores dans la soufflerie de l'ENSAM-Paris. Deux techniques de mesure sont mises en œuvre ; l'anemometrie a fil chaud et la velocimetrie par images de particules (PIV). Le travail experimental, met en evidence la structure du sillage proche de l'eolienne et fournit des donnees importantes pour valider les simulations numeriques et les modeles hybrides qui sont etudies. Dans les travaux de simulation numerique, deux modeles hybrides ont ete definis et mis en œuvre : un modele de disque actif (DA) et un modele de cylindre actif (CA), couples avec une simulation basee sur la resolution numerique des equations de Navier-Stokes. Ces modeles sont valides sur la puissance de l'eolienne ainsi que sur le champ de vitesse en aval du rotor. Pour la puissance, les resultats numeriques sont compares avec les donnees experimentales issues des essais realises par le NREL sur les eoliennes NREL phase II et VI. Pour les champs de vitesse, les simulations sont comparees avec les resultats d'exploration en aval d'une eolienne Rutland 503 dans la soufflerie de l'ENSAM. Dans les deux cas de validation, puissance et sillage, l'accord entre les donnees experimentales et les resultats fournis par les modeles hybrides est correct. Les modeles hybrides testes sont egalement utilises pour etudier l'interaction entre des eoliennes identiques placees l'une derriere l'autre. Les resultats obtenus mettent en evidence l'effet de l'espacement entre les machines ainsi que l'effet de la vitesse du vent a l'infini amont.
Herpes simplex virus colitis in ulcerative colitis, simulating malignancy

oran M, Tavassoli FA. Ovarian germ cell tumours (2.3). In Tavassoli FA, Stratton MR eds. WHO classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the breast and female genital organs. Lyon: IARC 2003; 165–167. 5. Nogales FF, Buritica C, Regauer S, Gonzalez T. Mucinous carcinoid as an unusual manifestation of endodermal differentiation in ovarian yolk sac tumors. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2005; 29; 1247– 1251. 6. Nogales FF, Carvia RE, Bergeron C, Alvaro T, Fulwood HR. Ovarian endometrioid tumors with yolk sac tumor component—an unusual form of ovarian müllerian neoplasms: analysis of six cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1996; 20; 1056–1066. 7. Yang XJ, Cheng L, Helpap B, Samaratunga H. Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA eds. WHO classification of tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. Lyon: IARC 2004; 199.
Simulation and Experimental Study on the Junction Termination Structure for High-Voltage 4H-SiC PiN Diodes

Designing and fabrication of 10-kV 4H-SiC PiN diodes with an improved junction termination structure have been investigated. An improved bevel mesa structure and a single-zone junction termination extension (JTE) have been employed to achieve a high breakdown voltage (ges 10 kV). The improved bevel mesa structure, nearly a vertical sidewall at the edge of the p-n junction and a gradual slope at the mesa bottom, has been fabricated by reactive ion etching. The effectiveness of the improved bevel mesa structure has been experimentally demonstrated. The JTE region has been optimized by device simulation, and the JTE dose dependence of the breakdown voltage has been compared with experimental results. A 4H-SiC PiN diode with a JTE dose of 1.1 times 1013 cm-2 has exhibited a high blocking voltage of 10.2 kV. The locations of electric field crowding and breakdown are also discussed.