Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of positioning accuracy corresponding to the number of BLE beacons in indoor positioning system

In these days, a technology that utilize of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon, has been attracted attention to provide variety of convenience services. Especially, not limited to the service that can assist to people directly such as public safety, healthcare, proximity-based service, mobile payment, etc., a technology that can provide convenience indirectly such as asset tracking has also been proposed. Most of all, the indoor location awareness using BLE beacon is the essential technique that can realize these services, it is expected to be more focused if the more BLE beacon is spread in the future. In this paper, we first analyse practical path loss model of BLE signals with compared to that of Wi-Fi signals in order to take advantage of the BLE beacon for indoor positioning. To estimate the practical path loss model, we employed four BLE beacons (each two beacon is the same manufacturer) and two of Wi-Fi AP. Each signal was measured during one minute at each reference distance from lm to 13m (with 2m interval) in a Line-of-Sight (LOS) environment. The calculated path loss model was used to generate a BLE signal virtually, we applied the model to configure the BLE radiomap and generate positioning measurement data in our simulation. Since BLE signal has relatively lower tx power compared to Wi-Fi APs, it requires much more beacons to achieve comparable positioning accuracy. We focused on the relationship between the number of installed beacon and its positioning accuracy in this paper.
GATA‐3 is expressed in association with estrogen receptor in breast cancer

To better understand the molecular basis for the hormone‐responsive phenotype in breast cancer, we have used a human cDNA array to compare patterns of gene expression between breast carcinoma cell lines discordant for estrogen receptor (ER) expression. These experiments indicated abundant expression of the transcription factor GATA‐3 in the ER‐positive cell lines MCF7 and T‐47D, with minimal or no expression in the ER‐negative cells lines MDA‐MB‐231 and HBL‐100. Northern blot analysis of a panel of human breast carcinoma cell lines demonstrated a correlation between ER and GATA‐3 expression. Studies of MCF7 cells grown in the absence or presence β‐estradiol indicated that GATA‐3 expression was not responsive to estradiol. Protein immunoprecipitation and gel shift analysis confirmed the presence of functional GATA‐3 protein in MCF7 but not in HBL‐100 nuclear extracts. A panel of 47 primary breast cancers was characterized for expression of ER and GATA‐3 using immunoperoxidase assay. In primary tumors, a statistically significant correlation between ER and GATA‐3 expression was established (p < 0.0001, χ2). Our results indicate that GATA‐3, in association with ER, is likely to regulate genes critical to the hormone‐responsive breast cancer phenotype. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:122–128, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kernel Machine SNP‐Set Testing Under Multiple Candidate Kernels

Joint testing for the cumulative effect of multiple single‐nucleotide polymorphisms grouped on the basis of prior biological knowledge has become a popular and powerful strategy for the analysis of large‐scale genetic association studies. The kernel machine (KM)‐testing framework is a useful approach that has been proposed for testing associations between multiple genetic variants and many different types of complex traits by comparing pairwise similarity in phenotype between subjects to pairwise similarity in genotype, with similarity in genotype defined via a kernel function. An advantage of the KM framework is its flexibility: choosing different kernel functions allows for different assumptions concerning the underlying model and can allow for improved power. In practice, it is difficult to know which kernel to use a priori because this depends on the unknown underlying trait architecture and selecting the kernel which gives the lowest P‐value can lead to inflated type I error. Therefore, we propose practical strategies for KM testing when multiple candidate kernels are present based on constructing composite kernels and based on efficient perturbation procedures. We demonstrate through simulations and real data applications that the procedures protect the type I error rate and can lead to substantially improved power over poor choices of kernels and only modest differences in power vs. using the best candidate kernel.
The Contribution of J. H. Jackson to Present‐Day Epileptology

Summary: Contributions made by John Hughlings Jackson (1835–1911) to today's epileptology are unparalleled, and what he did has still not been reevaluated. We divide his contributions into three themes: (a) He began his research with the seizures later named jacksonian seizures. Through his research, Jackson established a revolutionary definition quite similar to our contemporary definition of epilepsy. The first step was made to the neurosurgical treatment for epilepsy through his research. (b) He elucidated the mechanism of postepileptic psychosis by his theory of evolution–dissolution and positive–negative symptoms, later called jacksonism. (c) His encounter with his patient, Dr. Z, helped him to establish his idea of dreamy state, eventually leading to the concept of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Atomoxetine-Related Change in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Is Partially Independent of Change in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattentive Symptoms.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate effects of atomoxetine versus placebo on sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and determine factors affecting improvement of SCT in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with dyslexia (ADHD+D) or dyslexia only. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of a 16-week placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized phase of a previously reported atomoxetine study in children aged 10-16 years with ADHD+D, Dyslexia-only, or ADHD-only (no placebo arm). Least squares mean changes from baseline to endpoint for atomoxetine versus placebo on the Kiddie-Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Interview (K-SCT) (Parent, Teacher, and Youth) were analyzed using analysis of covariance and multiple regression (partial R2) analyses to test contributions of ADHD and dyslexia to improvements in K-SCT scores. RESULTS Results were examined for the three informants within the three diagnostic groups (nine outcomes). Atomoxetine treatment was associated with significant reductions from baseline in seven of the nine outcomes using the p = 0.05 significance level, appropriate for exploratory analysis. When change in ADHD symptom severity was controlled, all of the seven SCT outcomes remained significant; changes in effect sizes were minimal. Regression analyses using SCT change as the criterion found a significant contribution by inattention change only for parent report, whereas, baseline SCT severity was a significant predictor in the randomized groups with the exception of teacher report in the Dyslexia-only group. CONCLUSION Given that controlling for change in ADHD symptoms had little effect on change in SCT scores, findings suggest that change in SCT is substantially independent of change in ADHD. By inference, SCT and its response to treatment is a partially distinct phenomenon from ADHD response. Regression analyses did not reveal global effects of inattention change on SCT change; instead, baseline SCT severity was the strongest predictor of placebo-controlled treatment effect on SCT. Atomoxetine effects on SCT appear to be best predicted by how much room for improvement exists for SCT rather than by severity or improvement in inattention. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00607919, www.clinicaltrials. gov.
Caspase 3 Deficiency Rescues Peripheral Nervous System Defect in Retinoblastoma Nullizygous Mice

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, pRb, is a key regulator of cell cycle and has been implicated in the terminal differentiation of neuronal cells. Mice nullizygous for pRb die by embryonic day 14.5 from hematopoietic and neurological defects attributed to failed differentiation (Clarke et al., 1992; Jacks et al., 1992; Lee et al., 1992). Previous studies by MacLeod et al. (1996)have demonstrated that the loss of p53 protects Rb-deficient CNS neurons but not peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons from cell death. Thus, the mechanisms by which PNS neurons undergo apoptosis in response to Rb deficiency remain unknown. In view of the pivotal role of caspase 3 in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis during development, we examined its function in the execution of the wide-spread neuronal cell death induced by Rb deficiency. Our results support a number of conclusions. First, we show that caspase 3 becomes activated in all neuronal populations undergoing apoptosis. Second, caspase 3 deficiency does not extend the life span of Rb null embryos, because double null mutants exhibit high rates of liver apoptosis resulting in erythropoietic failure. Third, Rb/caspase 3 double-mutant neurons of the CNS exhibit widespread apoptosis similar to that seen in Rb mutants alone; thus caspase 3 deficiency does not protect this population from apoptosis. Finally, in contrast to the CNS, neurons of the PNS including those comprising the trigeminal ganglia and the dorsal root ganglia are protected from apoptosis in Rb/caspase 3 double-mutant embryos. Examination of the mechanistic differences between these two cell types suggest that CNS neurons may invoke other caspases to facilitate apoptosis in the absence of caspase 3. These findings suggest that PNS neurons are dependent on caspase 3 for the execution of apoptosis and that caspase 3 may serve as a key therapeutic target for neuroprotection after injury of this cell type.
Monitoring soybean disease and insect infection patterns in Nebraska

Plant diseases, insects, and insect vectored viruses can do extensive damages to host plants and result in severe yield losses. It is reported that overall about 15% of the U.S. crop production is lost annually to infectious crop diseases despite the fact that American agricultural producers are using cutting-edge disease control technology and pesticide products, and adapting newly bred disease-resistant crop cultivars and hybrids. This Nebraska Crop Surveillance Network project has accomplished three objectives. First, it uses advanced computer, database and network technology to automate experimental field data collection, processing and centralization storage processes, thus relieving research staff from tedious and redundant work while also reducing the likelihood of human error during the data collection and transcription processes. Second, it tracks soybean disease infection patterns under different management, environmental and soil conditions during the growing season in Nebraska. Third, it produces an online graphical visualization system based on the near realtime data collected from the experimental field to simulate, monitor and predict soybean disease infection patterns. These graphical representations of patterns are intended to help convey disease infection related concepts and disease control decision-making information to agriculturalists. The online tracking system is designed to help Nebraska farmers to make the right decisions on their daily agricultural practices, such as choosing the right planting date and applying the right pesticide to minimize plant damage and maximize yield potential. We use a Zope Web server, a MySQL relational database, and a graphic rendering product, ZGDChart to build this data visualization system which completely automates data gathering and storage processes and enables users to observe a graphical representation of plant disease infection patterns during the growing season in Nebraska under different management and environmental conditions.
Stocking Density and Cow Feeding Behaviour around Transition

 Mature cows (going into 2 nd lactation or greater) will increase their feeding rate to maintain dry matter intake when access to the feed bunk is reduced. Heifers are unable to alter this aspect of their feeding behaviour, instead, the available data suggest they alter the time of day that they are at the feed bunk. Heifers’ apparent strategy for mitigating decreased feed access minimizes changes in their standing/lying behaviours.
Income Redistribution in Iceland: Development and European Comparisons

This article explores income redistribution in Iceland stemming from taxes and transfers, both in terms of its development (1995–2009) and in comparison with European countries (2007). This is done by applying various decomposition analyses, mostly based on the reduction in the Gini coefficient due to taxes and transfers. Our results show that redistribution declined substantially in Iceland between 1995 and 2007; two thirds of the reduction was due to the tax system. The reduction in tax redistribution is explained by a decrease in the personal tax allowance and changed income composition. In a comparison of western European countries in 2007, redistribution stemming from taxes and transfers was lowest in Iceland. This may be explained by low progressivity in the tax system and very low transfer payments, which may to a large extent be explained by high employment rates. In an international comparison, Scandinavian and Continental European countries have the highest levels of redistribution. For the Continental countries, this is to a large extent due to low employment rates, while in the Scandinavian countries it is due to high distributional policies.
Components of metabolic syndrome correlate with longer survival in NSCLC in bexarotene-treated patients with high hypertriglyceridemia in SPIRIT I and II trials: A retrospective analysis.

7137 Background: Bexarotene activates RXR receptors regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and many aspects of lipid metabolism. Both SPIRIT I and II trials (ASCO 2005) showed that a large (36%) subgroup of bexarotene-treated patients showing high sensitivity to hypertriglyceridemia had a significantly longer survival in both studies. This subgroup included males, smokers, stage IV and weight loss, factors associated with poorer survival. A recent study in retinoid-treated patients revealed those developing high hypertriglyceridemia, as well as their parents, have a familial predisposition to hyperlipidemia and the metabolic syndrome (Ann Intern Med, 2002, 136:582). We evaluated baseline and in-treatment patient characteristics in relation to triglyceride responses and overall survival after bexarotene treatment to further extend that observation to NSCLC patients. METHODS A pooled analysis of 595 patients treated with bexarotene in SPIRIT I and II trials assessed factors related to metabolic syndrome (BMI, HDL, LDL and Total cholesterol [T-chol], T-chol/HDL ratio, triglycerides, glucose, blood pressure) at baseline and during treatment at the time of high-triglyceridemia. Individual and composite risk factor scores were evaluated by logistic and Cox-regression analysis in two subgroups, e.g., Responders (high trigs, long survival) and Non-responders (low trigs, shorter survival). RESULTS Among in-treatment risk factors, Responders (N = 215) had significantly higher (p < 0.0001) BMI, trigs, T-chol, T-chol/HDL ratio and lower HDL (p < 0.0001) than Non-responders (N = 380). A composite risk score (the sum of the individual in-treatment dichotomous risk scores) analysis also showed a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher score for metabolic risk factors in the Responder/longer survival subgroup. Hazard ratio analysis by Cox-regression showed a 13% survival benefit for each composite score increase. CONCLUSIONS Baseline and in-treatment triglycerides and other key metabolic syndrome factors are important predictors and contributors to the beneficial survival impact of bexarotene in this important subgroup of NSCLC patients. [Table: see text].
Multiple Groups of Endogenous Betaretroviruses in Mice, Rats, and Other Mammals

ABSTRACT Betaretroviruses exist in endogenous and exogenous forms in hosts that are widely distributed and evolutionarily distantly related. Here we report the discovery and characterization of several previously unknown betaretrovirus groups in the genomes of Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. Each group contains both mouse and rat elements, and several of the groups are more closely related to previously known betaretroviruses from nonmurine hosts. Some of the groups also include members from hosts which were not previously known to harbor betaretroviruses, such as the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) and Seba's short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata). Some of the mouse and rat elements possess intact open reading frames for gag, pro, pol, and/or env genes and display characteristics of having retrotransposed recently. We propose a model whereby betaretroviruses have been evolving within the genomes of murid rodents for at least the last 20 million years and, subsequent to (or concomitant with) the global spread of their murid hosts, have occasionally been transmitted to other species.
Quality adjusted Q-learning and conditional structural mean models for optimizing dynamic treatment regimes

The focus of this work is to investigate a form of Q-learning using estimating equations for quality adjusted survival time, and to generalize these methods to quality adjust other outcomes. We use the m-out-of-n bootstrap and threshold utility analysis to show how the patient-specific optimal regime varies according to treatment characteristics (e.g. cost, side effects). Methodologies investigated are demonstrated to construct optimal treatment regimes for the treatment of children's neuroblastoma. We also propose a new method for optimizing dynamic treatment regimes using conditional structural mean models. The inverse-probability-of-treatment weighted (IPTW) or g-computation estimator is used at each stage to estimate what we call the `preliminary' optimal treatment regime, given patient information up to the current stage and prior treatment assignment. Essentially this tailors the optimal treatment assignment at the current stage, and provides an optimal strategy for the remaining stages given the information currently available. We compare this method for optimizing a dynamic treatment regime to Q-learning. Additionally, we propose a two step prescriptive variable selection procedure that supports the tailored optimization of dynamic treatment regimes using conditional structural mean models by eliminating from consideration any suboptimal treatment regimes and sifting out the covariates that prescribe the optimal treatment regimes. The methods described herein are meant to advance the field of dynamic treatment regimes, a field that has a substantial impact on public health. The treatment policies that come from DTRs, whether determined for the population as a whole or tailored for specific subgroups, can be used to guide and shape health policies that will ultimately lead to greater public health and safety.
Functional Consequences of Neuromyelitis Optica-IgG Astrocyte Interactions on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Granulocyte Recruitment1

Autoantibody neuromyelitis optica-IgG (NMO-IgG) recognizing aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is implicated as playing a central role in the physiopathology of NMO. The aim of this in vitro-based study was to characterize functional consequences of interaction between NMO-IgG and cells of the neurovascular unit (astrocytes and brain endothelium) that would provide insight into recognized features of NMO, namely altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and granulocyte recruitment. We used sera from NMO and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis cases shown to bind in a characteristic perivascular pattern to primate cerebellar slices. Using flow cytometry, we found that sera from NMO-IgG-positive patients reacted with CNS-derived human fetal astrocytes, whereas sera from multiple sclerosis patients did not. We demonstrated that NMO-IgG binding to astrocytes alters aquaporin-4 polarized expression and increases permeability of a human BBB endothelium/astrocyte barrier. We further demonstrated that NMO-IgG binding to human fetal astrocytes can result in NK cell degranulation, astrocyte killing by Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent granulocyte attraction through the BBB model. Our study highlights important functional roles for NMO-IgG that could account for pathological lesions and BBB dysfunction observed in NMO.
Movement sequencing abilities and basal ganglia morphology in first-episode schizophrenia

Introduction. Studies of brain morphology suggest a link between movement sequencing ability and basal ganglia dysfunction. Unfortunately, relevant studies have provided inconsistent data, which may be the result of differences in the methods of brain morphology assessment, statistical analysis or heterogeneity of the populations studied. Aim. to test the hypothesis of a link between the dysfunction of movement sequencing and basal ganglia morphology in a homogenous sample of first-episode schizophrenia patients. Method. Thirty-seven first-episode schizophrenia patients underwent an assessment of movement sequencing abilities using the NES scale and basal ganglia morphology from MR images. The data were compared with a group of 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results. The group of first-episode patients had a higher concentration of gray matter than healthy controls in the putamen and pallidum in both hemispheres. Patients with abnormal sequencing of movements had lower gray matter concentration than patients without such abnormalities in the left putamen, and no differences were found between the symptomatic group and healthy controls. Summary and conclusion. Our study suggests the involvement of the left putamen in the movement sequencing abnormalities in schizophrenia. Because of the potential confounding effect of medication, the lack of support from external evidence and the low power to perform the whole-brain analysis the results should be considered as preliminary. Further studies, especially with antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients are needed to solve these issues.
A microreactor chip integrated with focus ultrasonic transducers prepared by a modified Chemical Foaming Process

In this paper, a microreactor chip integrated with focus ultrasonic transducers prepared by a modified Chemical Foaming Process(CFP) is presented. The device operates by trapping air bubbles within micro pits located in the center of silicon cavities. Focused acoustic waves induced by the spherical shell resonance excite the trapped air bubbles vibrate, resulting in acoustic streaming, which disrupts the laminar flows and increases mass transfer rates and thus accelerate multiphase reactions. First, we shed some light on how oscillating bubbles work in our device. Second, the fabrication of micro glass ultrasonic wave fluidic devices prepared by the modified CFP was introduced. Finally, the resonance properties of the microfluidic device actuated by piezoelectric ceramic are measured experimentally by the Laser Doppler Vibrometer. The results of vibration test show that the resonant frequency of the micro glass bubbles, whether full of fluid or not, is in the range of ultrasonic wave band.