Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Gluconacetobacter hansenii Using Corn Steep Liquor As Nutrient Sources

Cellulose is mainly produced by plants, although many bacteria, especially those belonging to the genus Gluconacetobacter, produce a very peculiar form of cellulose with mechanical and structural properties that can be exploited in numerous applications. However, the production cost of bacterial cellulose (BC) is very high to the use of expensive culture media, poor yields, downstream processing, and operating costs. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the use of industrial residues as nutrients for the production of BC by Gluconacetobacter hansenii UCP1619. BC pellicles were synthesized using the Hestrin–Schramm (HS) medium and alternative media formulated with different carbon (sugarcane molasses and acetylated glucose) and nitrogen sources [yeast extract, peptone, and corn steep liquor (CSL)]. A jeans laundry was also tested. None of the tested sources (beside CSL) worked as carbon and nutrient substitute. The alternative medium formulated with 1.5% glucose and 2.5% CSL led to the highest yield in terms of dry and hydrated mass. The BC mass produced in the alternative culture medium corresponded to 73% of that achieved with the HS culture medium. The BC pellicles demonstrated a high concentration of microfibrils and nanofibrils forming a homogenous, compact, and three-dimensional structure. The biopolymer produced in the alternative medium had greater thermal stability, as degradation began at 240°C, while degradation of the biopolymer produced in the HS medium began at 195°C. Both biopolymers exhibited high crystallinity. The mechanical tensile test revealed the maximum breaking strength and the elongation of the break of hydrated and dry pellicles. The dry BC film supported up to 48 MPa of the breaking strength and exhibited greater than 96.98% stiffness in comparison with the hydrated film. The dry film supported up to 48 MPa of the breaking strength and exhibited greater than 96.98% stiffness in comparison with the hydrated film. The values obtained for the Young’s modulus in the mechanical tests in the hydrated samples indicated low values for the variable rigidity. The presence of water in the interior and between the nanofibers of the hydrated BC only favored the results for the elasticity, which was 56.37% higher when compared to the dry biomaterial.
Effect of inorganic carbon on photoautotrophic growth of microalga Chlorococcum littorale

The growth rate of a highly CO2‐tolerant green alga, Chlorococcum littorale, was investigated in semi‐batch cultures at a temperature of 22°C, a light intensity of 170 μmol‐photon m−2 s−1 and CO2 concentrations ranging from 1 to 50% (v/v) at atmospheric pressure. In the experiments, solutions were bubbled with CO2 and N2 gas mixtures to adjust CO2 concentrations to minimize the influence of O2. Growth rate, which was defined in terms of a specific growth rate μ, decreased with increasing CO2 concentration at the conditions studied. The inhibition of growth by CO2 gas could be attributed to the concentration of inorganic carbon in the culture medium. A growth model is proposed where key assumptions are the formation of bicarbonate ion HCO 3− as substrate for algal growth and equilibrium between CO2 inhibitor. The proposed growth model based on the Monod equation agreed with the experimental data to within 5% and provides better correlation than the conventional inhibition model, especially in the high CO2 concentration region. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2009
Privacy and National Security Issues in Social Networks: The Challenges

Online social networks are becoming a major growth point of the internet, as individuals, companies and governments constantly desire to interact with one another, the ability of the internet to deliver this networking capabilities grows stronger. In this paper, we looked at the structure and components of the member profile and the challenges of privacy issues faced by individuals and governments that participate in social networking. We also looked at how it can be used to distort national security, how it became the new weapons of mass mobilization and also how social networks have became the rallying forces for revolutions and social justice.
Choledocholithiasis: diagnosis with oral-contrast-enhanced CT cholangiography.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this investigation was to assess the performance of helical CT cholangiography after administration of an oral biliary contrast agent for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Helical CT cholangiography was performed on 31 patients referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography of suspected choledocholithiasis. Iopanoic acid (6 g) was administered orally 8-12 hr before acquisition of helical CT cholangiograms. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional reformations were generated from a set of axial source images. Two radiologists independently interpreted the helical CT cholangiograms. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using findings on retrograde cholangiography as the standard of reference. In addition, interobserver agreement was determined using kappa statistics. RESULTS Our patients had no adverse reactions to iopanoic acid. The degree of biliary opacification was sufficient to perform three-dimensional and two-dimensional reconstructions in 29 patients (93.5%). Two patients were excluded from statistical analysis because cannulation of the common bile duct during retrograde cholangiography failed. Findings on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the remaining 29 patients were the following: choledocholithiasis (n = 14), common bile duct dilatation with no stones (n = 11), and normal bile ducts (n = 4). Sensitivity and specificity of oral-contrast-enhanced CT cholangiography for detection of choledocholithiasis were 92.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.1-99.8%) and 100% (95% CI, 78.2-100%), respectively, for observer 1 and 85.7% (95% CI, 57.2-98.2%) and 100% (95% CI, 78.2-100%), respectively, for observer 2. Interobserver agreement was . 92 (excellent). CONCLUSION Helical CT cholangiography performed after oral administration of iopanoic acid appears promising for diagnosis of choledocholithiasis.
Market and Policy Barriers to Deployment of Energy Storage

There has recently been resurgent interest in energy storage, due to a number of developments in the electricity industry. Despite this interest, very little storage, beyond some small demonstration projects, has been deployed recently. While technical issues, such as cost, device efficiency, and other technical characteristics are often listed as barriers to storage, there are a number of non-technical and policy-related issues. This paper surveys some of these main barriers and proposes some potential research and policy steps that can help address them. While the discussion is focused on the United States, a number of the findings and observations may be more broadly applicable.
The biological productivity of the ocean

Reconstructions of ocean productivity using sediment records typically involve the accumulation of biogenic matter (organics or mineral hard parts) in the sediment; therefore, these studies speak to export production rather than NPP. However, if export production is reconstructed, it is at least a fair assumption that NPP would have changed in the same direction. Moreover, as described below, the export of organic matter out of the surface ocean can have broad biogeochemical and climate implications, so reconstructing export production is valuable in itself. One of the greatest challenges for reconstructing ocean productivity is the potential for changes in the fraction of export production that reaches the seabed and is preserved into the sediments, which could be misinterpreted as changes in productivity. The development and improvement of such reconstructions is an active area of research.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO CRYSTALLOID RESUSCITATION OF SEVERE BURNS

The use of balanced salt solutions in the resuscitation of burn shock has been evaluated in experimental animals and clinical burns utilizing the maintenance of functional ECF volume and circulatory response as the criteria of effectiveness. In both animal and clinical burns restoration of the functional ECF required greater quantities administered at a faster rate than was anticipated.
Les dynamiques de la création d’entreprises en France et aux États-Unis : une société du salariat face à un environnement entrepreneurial

Cet article a pour objet d’expliquer pourquoi les Etats-Unis connaissent une dynamique entrepreneuriale a moyen et long terme plus importante que la France. Les raisons avancees sont de trois ordres : economiques, socioculturelles et politiques. Contrairement aux explications soutenues par certains responsables politiques francais, l’auteur conclut que le retard en matiere de creations d’entreprises dans l’Hexagone ne trouve pas son origine dans les defaillances des dispositifs d’encadrement et d’aide aux porteurs de projets. Les veritables causes se situent dans la faiblesse relative de la croissance francaise, dans les difficultes de financement des petites entreprises ou dans le manque d’interet des organismes de formation francais pour les technologies nouvelles.
Divergent respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia in bar-headed geese and Andean birds

ABSTRACT Many high-altitude vertebrates have evolved increased capacities in their oxygen transport cascade (ventilation, pulmonary diffusion, circulation and tissue diffusion), enhancing oxygen transfer from the atmosphere to mitochondria. However, the extent of interspecies variation in the control processes that dictate hypoxia responses remains largely unknown. We compared the metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory responses to progressive decreases in inspired oxygen levels of bar-headed geese (Anser indicus), birds that biannually migrate across the Himalayan mountains, with those of Andean geese (Chloephaga melanoptera) and crested ducks (Lophonetta specularioides), lifelong residents of the high Andes. We show that Andean geese and crested ducks have evolved fundamentally different mechanisms for maintaining oxygen supply during low oxygen (hypoxia) from those of bar-headed geese. Bar-headed geese respond to hypoxia with robust increases in ventilation and heart rate, whereas Andean species increase lung oxygen extraction and cardiac stroke volume. We propose that transient high-altitude performance has favoured the evolution of robust convective oxygen transport recruitment in hypoxia, whereas life-long high-altitude residency has favoured the evolution of structural enhancements to the lungs and heart that increase lung diffusion and stroke volume. Highlighted Article: When exposed to progressive hypoxia, bar-headed geese (biannual high-altitude migrators) increase ventilation and heart rate, whereas Andean geese (lifelong high-altitude residents) increase lung oxygen extraction and cardiac stroke volume.
Web site accessibility: what logo will we use today?

The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act has amended the Disability Discrimination Act and requires that students with a disability not be discriminated against or substantially disadvantaged by establishments of further and higher education. Academic web site developers must take steps to ensure that their sites fulfil this requirement, and guidance on compliance is provided by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Accessibility Initiative's (WAI) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, which offer three levels for assessing accessibility. Tools which give developers feedback on their site are available, but following their recommendations alone will not guarantee SENDA compliance. An audit of UK academic web sites has shown discrepancies between the level of compliance that sites are claiming and that which has been achieved. This would seem to demonstrate that there is a misunderstanding of the requirements necessary to create accessible web sites. This problem is exacerbated by the academic sector's widespread reliance on software accessibility tools, the use of which tends to lead developers to rely on the tools’ quantitative approach when what is required is the inclusion and development of a more qualitative view which prioritises inclusive design from the outset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Débruitage par ondelettes de la parole en milieu industriel

Dans l’industrie, bon nombre de travailleurs sont expose s a des niveaux sonores eleves qui peuvent causer des pertes auditives. Afin de preserver l’audition des tra­ vailleurs, le port de protecteur auditifs est une solution effi­ cace et peu couteuse mais qui entraine une diminution des capacites a percevoir les signaux d’alarme et a comprendre la parole. De nombreuses techniques de debruitage de la parole existent ; elles sont couramment utilisees dans le domaine de la telephonie. Ces methodes peuvent-elles pour autant etre ap­ pliquees dans un milieu industriel ou les bruits sont differents et surtout ou leur niveau sonore est beaucoup plus eleve ?
Size Optimization of a Magnetic System for Drug Delivery With Capsule Robots

In this paper, we present a methodology for the size optimization of an external magnetic system made of arc-shaped permanent magnets (ASMs). This magnetic system is able to remotely actuate a drug-release module embedded in a prototype of a capsule robot. The optimization of the magnetic system is carried out by using an accurate analytical model that is valid for any arbitrary dimensions of the ASMs. By using this analytical model, we perform parametric studies and conduct a statistical analysis [analysis of variance (ANOVA)] to investigate efficient ways to distribute the volume of the ASMs so that the dimensions and volume of the magnetic system are minimized while optimal flux densities and magnetic torques are obtained to actuate the drug delivery system (DDS). The ANOVA results, at 5% significance level, indicate that changes in the angular width followed by changes in the length of the ASMs have the highest impact on the magnetic linkage. Furthermore, our experimental results, which are in agreement with the analytical results, show that the size optimization of the magnetic system is effective for the actuation of the DDS in capsule robots.
Fluoxetine treatment for depression in patients with HIV and AIDS: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to determine whether fluoxetine is superior to placebo in treating HIV-seropositive patients with major depression or dysthymia or both, whether severity of immunosuppression is associated with treatment response, and whether fluoxetine treatment is associated with change in immune status as measured by CD4 cell count. METHOD A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 8-week trial of fluoxetine was conducted in a university-affiliated research outpatient clinic. The fluoxetine-placebo randomization was 2:1. All patients were offered 4 months of additional open treatment. Main outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and CD4 cell count. RESULTS Of 120 patients randomly assigned to fluoxetine or placebo, 87 completed 8 weeks of treatment. In the total group, 51% had AIDS. All but three were men, 35% were nonwhite, and 6% had intravenous drug use as a risk factor. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 57% of fluoxetine patients and 41% of placebo patients were responders. Among patients who completed the study, 74% responded to fluoxetine and 47% to placebo; this difference was statistically significant. Severity of immunosuppression was not related to antidepressant response, attrition, or side effects, and fluoxetine treatment was not associated with change in CD4 cell count. CONCLUSIONS Fluoxetine is an effective antidepressant in the context of HIV illness. However, both placebo response and attrition were substantial, suggesting both that nonspecific factors may be more salient and that yet another medication (i.e., an antidepressant) may be less acceptable among patients with serious medical illness already requiring multiple concomitant medications.
Does intruder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds?

Wildlife managers use flight initiation distance (FID), the distance animals flee an approaching predator, to determine set back distances to minimize human impacts on wildlife. FID is typically estimated by a single person; this study examined the effects of intruder number and orientation on FID. Three different group size treatments (solitary person, two people side-by-side, two people one-behind-the-other) were applied to Pied Currawongs (Strepera graculina) and to Crimson Rosellas (Platycerus elegans). Rosellas flushed at significantly greater distances when approached by two people compared to a single person. This effect was not seen in currawongs. Intruder orientation did not influence the FID of either species. Results suggest that intruder number should be better integrated into estimates of set back distance to manage human visitation around sensitive species.
Changes over time in optimal duplex threshold for the identification of patients eligible for carotid endarterectomy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Two surgical trials established that carotid endarterectomy is beneficial to symptomatic patients who have a severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis on angiograms. Duplex ultrasonography-derived hemodynamic parameters show a good correlation with angiography and are often used for detecting severe ICA stenoses. However, duplex performance is ultrasound machine and operator dependent. Over time both may change, possibly affecting duplex performance. We compared duplex performance of 2 time periods in 1 specific vascular laboratory using angiography as the gold standard. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent both angiography and duplex examinations of the ICA were evaluated (first period, 60 patients; second period, 61 patients). Peak systolic velocity and several other hemodynamic parameters and ratios were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves in their ability to detect severe ICA stenoses. The optimal parameter and threshold were determined for each period. Subsequently, duplex test characteristics were compared after the optimal thresholds of both the first and the second periods were applied in the second period. RESULTS In both periods peak systolic velocity of the ICA was the best test parameter; areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were similar (0.957 and 0.954, respectively). However, the optimal threshold was different. The optimal threshold in the second period was 270 cm/s. When the optimal threshold of 210 cm/s of the first period was applied in the second period, test characteristics changed significantly. Sensitivity increased from 98% to 100%, and specificity decreased from 85% to 71% (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS The optimal threshold for detecting severe ICA stenoses with duplex ultrasonography in our laboratory changed over time. Individual laboratories should assess duplex accuracy regularly and adjust adopted criteria if necessary to keep diagnostic performance optimal.
Efecto del injerto óseo humano liofilizado y membrana amniótica humana liofilizada en la regeneración ósea en tibias de conejos

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto del injerto oseo humano liofilizado particulado en combinacion con la membrana amniotica humana liofilizada en la regeneracion osea en tibias de conejos. Metodologia. Se utilizaron 10 Conejos raza Nueva Zelanda, de 6 a 9 meses de edad aproximadamente, hembras y machos en buen estado, de 3.5 Kg-4 Kg de peso, en los que se crearon defectos circulares oseos de 4mm de diametro en la region mas inferior de las extremidades posteriores del conejo (tibias). Se formaron 2 grupos en la tibia de cada conejo: un grupo control (se coloco membrana) y el grupo de estudio (se coloco hueso humano liofilizado y membrana amniotica liofilizada como barrera). Los animales fueron sacrificados a las 16 semanas de la cirugia, y se realizo un analisis clinico e histologico de la zona donde se crearon los defectos oseos. Se concluyo que la regeneracion osea fue significativamente mayor en los defectos cubiertos con hueso humano liofilizado en combinacion con membrana amniotica, comparada con las muestras del grupo control, en el que se coloco solo membrana amniotica como barrera.
Quantizers With Source Optimized Encoders and Channel Optimized Decoders for Exponential Sources

This paper addresses the problem about designing an optimal quantizer for non-uniformly distributed source over noisy channels. In this paper, firstly, the quantizer encoder is designed to be optimized in terms of an exponentially distributed source. Then, the proposed design makes the quantizer decoder optimal in terms of noisy channel. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the significant performance improvement of the proposed design over quantizers with uniform encoders and channel optimized decoders.
RETINAL SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN NEWBORN KITTENS EXPOSED TO NORMOBARIC HYPEROXIA EFFECT OF VITAMIN E

Summary: Total superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) was measured in the retinas obtained from 18 kittens aged 1 to 11 days born to 6 litters. Pretreatment with 100 mg of α-tocopherol acetate S.C. followed by a 72 hr exposure to 80 % oxygen led to a higher (p < .06) SOD activity than in untreated animals. Retinas obtained from littermates who were not exposed to oxygen exhibited a greater (p < .01) SOD activity than those of the two hyperoxic groups.These data suggest that normobaric hyperoxia leads to a fall in SOD activity which can be partially prevented by pretreatment with a large dose of vitamin E.Speculation: The retina of the newborn kitten and of the premature human Infant are reported to be equally vulnerable to hyperoxia. The development of lesions may be related to a fall in retinal SOD activity. The observation that viLamin E administration reduced this drop suggests an explanation for the partial protection it provides agalnst retrolental fibroplasia.
Results of Penetration Testing on different Windows Client Operating Systems

Windows operating systems are very popular among people from common men to specialists also. We will be working on some operating systems in this paper. People out of there often select windows operating system as importance among several others. So are our information and data secured? To answer this we make use of penetration testing on window client operating system and test various exploits on windows operating system by using the kali Linux Operating system. Try to exploit operating system. Penetration tests provide evidence that vulnerabilities do exist as a result network penetrations are possible as well as any workstation vulnerability. They provide a blueprint for remediation. Methodology include: discovery, enumeration, vulnerability identification, vulnerability assessment, exploitation and launching of attack, reporting, external penetration testing, internal penetration testing, legal issues before you start.
A Model of a Photocopier Paper Path

We present a compositional steady-state model of paper transportation in a photocopier that is meant to support different problem solving tasks like simulation and diagnosis, and to be applicable to a variety of configurations. The model avoids making hard-wired implicit assumptions about design principles and possible scenarios, though second-order effects such as the effect of gravity, and non-zero sheet mass are ignored. The model represents the instantaneous spatially distributed interactions between a sheet of paper and multiple transport elements (e.g., rollers) acting on it. The model can predict essential features of the motion of the sheet of paper, such as buckling and tearing. In most interesting cases, it can predict the instantaneous velocity of the leading edge of the sheet. The framework provided is quite generic and can be used as a starting point for developing models of other transportation domains.