Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Acoustic Noise and Vibration in an Induction Machine Considering Rotor Eccentricity

In this paper, a static rotor eccentricity analysis method is proposed. Electromagnetic noise by static eccentricity occurs in the course of manufacturing. The increase in errors is attributed to manufacturing errors of the components: the assembly and the torsional errors caused by shrink fitting. For these reasons, the rotor is displaced from the center of the stator bore, but it still turns on its own axis. Accordingly, in this paper, the acoustic noise using the electromagnetic excitation force was analyzed according to the rotor eccentricity. Finite-element analysis was used to analyze the rotor eccentricity considering the electrical and mechanical characteristics. To verify the proposed method, an induction machine was fabricated and an experiment was conducted.
Multi-Family Pediatric Pain Group Therapy: Capturing Acceptance and Cultivating Change

Behavioral health interventions for pediatric chronic pain include cognitive-behavioral (CBT), acceptance and commitment (ACT), and family-based therapies, though literature regarding multi-family therapy (MFT) is sparse. This investigation examined the utility and outcomes of the Courage to Act with Pain: Teens Identifying Values, Acceptance, and Treatment Effects (CAPTIVATE) program, which included all three modalities (CBT, ACT, MFT) for youth with chronic pain and their parents. Program utility, engagement, and satisfaction were evaluated via quantitative and qualitative feedback. Pain-specific psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal processes were examined along with outcomes related to disability, quality of life, pain interference, fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Participants indicated that CAPTIVATE was constructive, engaging, and helpful for social and family systems. Clinical and statistical improvements with large effect sizes were captured for pain catastrophizing, acceptance, and protective parenting but not family functioning. Similar effects were found for functional disability, pain interference, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Given the importance of targeting multiple systems in the management of pediatric chronic pain, preliminary findings suggest a potential new group-based treatment option for youth and families. Next steps involve evaluating the differential effect of the program over treatment as usual, as well as specific CBT, ACT, and MFT components and processes that may affect outcomes.
[Early cardiovascular effects of corticotherapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the time course of cardiovascular effects in glucocorticoid-treated premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS In a retrospective case study, 63 ventilator-dependent very-low-birth-weight neonates (mean gestational age = 27.9 +/- 2 weeks and mean birth weight = 920 +/- 275 g) treated with dexamethasone (52%) or betamethasone (48%) were studied. The average value for each study day was calculated for systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate. RESULTS At initiation of treatment, blood pressures increased significantly from pre-treatment to day 1 and continued to increase during the first week: as a percentage of pre-treatment baseline the mean increase for systolic arterial blood pressure was 19% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 16, 22) on day 2 (P < 0.001). The maximum amplitude of variation was observed before day 2 for 75% of the study group. As a group as a whole, the heart rate value significantly decreased on day 1 (mean difference = -14.6 beats/min; 95% CI = -16.5, -12.6; P < 0.001), and then reached pre-treatment value within one week. Cardiovascular response was independent of gestational age, birth weight and postnatal age at the beginning of treatment. CONCLUSION During postnatal steroid therapy a rise in blood pressure is a common side effect, but bradycardia is mentioned very occasionally. The present study shows a marked increase in blood pressure during the first 48 hours concomitant with a decrease in heart rate. The inverse relationship between systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate suggests a baroreflex response.
Ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND We conducted a meta-analysis of clinical trials of adults hospitalized with pneumonia outcomes research team (PORT) risk class 3-4 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) receiving ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone. METHODS Three Phase III trials (clinicaltrials.gov registration numbers NCT00621504, NCT00509106 and NCT01371838) including 1916 hospitalized patients with CAP randomized 1:1 to empirical ceftaroline fosamil (600 mg every 12 h) or ceftriaxone (1-2 g every 24 h) for 5-7 days were included in the meta-analysis. Primary outcome was clinical response at the test-of-cure visit (8-15 days after end of treatment) in the PORT risk class 3-4 modified ITT (MITT) and clinically evaluable (CE) populations. Data were tested for heterogeneity (χ(2) test) and, if not significant, results were pooled and OR and 95% CI constructed. A logistic regression analysis assessed factors impacting cure rate and treatment interactions. RESULTS Clinical cure rates in each trial consistently favoured ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone, with no evidence of heterogeneity. In the meta-analysis, ceftaroline fosamil was superior to ceftriaxone in the MITT (OR: 1.66; 95% CI 1.34, 2.06; P < 0.001) and CE (OR: 1.65; 95% CI 1.26, 2.16; P < 0.001) populations. Results were consistent across various patient- and disease-related factors including patients' age and PORT score. Prior antimicrobial use within 96 h of starting study treatment was associated with diminished differences in cure rates between treatments. CONCLUSIONS Ceftaroline fosamil was superior to ceftriaxone for empirical treatment of adults hospitalized with CAP. Receipt of prior antimicrobial therapy appeared to diminish the observed treatment effect.
Environmental and Genetic Factors as Sources of Variation in Skeletal Muscle Fibre Number

The understanding of skeletal muscle growth is an important goal in animal science and in human medicine. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of muscle fibre number for muscle growth and the influence of selected genetic and environmental factors on muscle fibre number. The total number of muscle fibres is mainly determined prenatally when multinucleated myofibres form from myoblasts. In general, muscle fibre number remains almost unchanged during postnatal growth, and it is inversely correlated to the size of the individual muscle fibre. Species-specific differences in muscle mass are primarily due to differences in the number of muscle fibres. With respect to gender, in some cases male muscles were reported to exhibit more muscle fibres than female muscles. Differences in muscle mass obtained by breeding and selection are due to changes in both muscle fibre number and muscle fibre size. Genetic variability and heritability are sufficiently high to use fibre number and fibre size in farm animal selection. Moderate postnatal feed restriction does not influence muscle fibre number, whereas strong feed restriction is able to induce fibre loss. The prenatal period of muscle development is more sensitive to nutritional deficiencies in reducing fibre number. Physical activity has been shown to influence postnatal muscle fibre number. Activity stimuli are able to induce increases, whereas disuse of muscles may be followed by decreases in muscle fibre number. The postnatal application of growth promoters induces no changes in muscle fibre number, whereas the prenatal period seems to be more sensitive to hormonal factors.
Early severe pachyonychia congenita subtype PC‐K6a with a novel mutation in the KRT6A gene

S. Borsari, P. Tschandl, C. Longo,* A. Lallas, E. Moscarella, R. Alfano, G. Argenziano Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Hospital of Skin and Venereal diseases, State Clinic of Dermatology, Thessaloniki, Greece, Department of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Emergency, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy, Dermatology Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy *Correspondence: C. Longo. E-mail: longo.caterina@gmail.com
How inducing covariation in simulated HDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol data affects Framingham risk equation results.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of inducing covariation among simulated high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), triglyceride, and total cholesterol values on Framingham risk equation results. METHODS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were used to estimate means and standard deviations for HDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol for all Type II diabetic patients (N = 293) and patients with metabolic syndrome (N = 2303). NHANES data were also used to estimate correlations between HDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. Data were simulated and bootstrapped for 1000 replications of the numbers of patients in NHANES. Four-year risks of coronary heart disease were estimated using the Framingham risk equation that includes a nonlinear Weibull function. The differences in means, with and without correlation, were compared to zero to determine whether not inducing correlation was associated with bias. The ratios of variances with and without correlation were compared to one to determine whether not inducing correlation was associated with a different level of precision. All simulation results were compared with bootstrapping results. RESULTS Bootstrapping maintained the correlation in the original data. Inducing correlation leads to more precise estimates that are closer to the bootstrapped estimates for Framingham equations not including triglycerides. Using the Framingham equation for women with triglycerides, the correlated simulation data produce less precise estimates than the uncorrelated data; the uncorrelated data are more precise than the bootstrapped results. CONCLUSION Not inducing correlation can affect results that combine multiple simulated parameters using nonlinear functions. Researchers engaged in modeling should consider the value of inducing correlation in their simulated data.
UNIVERSALS AND THE DIACHRONIC LIFE CYCLE OF LANGUAGES

A prevalent form of explanation for universals of language (expounded in many of Chomsky’s works, e.g., Chomsky, 1965) links linguists’ theoretical descriptions of languages with language acquisition. From my own perspective, this generative approach is only partially adequate, as the title of this section suggests. The next paragraph below sketches a typical way in which generative linguists steer a tactical course between what is significantly common to all languages (thus potentially hypothesized to be linked to some bias in language acquisition) and what is idiosyncratic to particular languages (implicitly because of some other, usually unspecified, processes). Linguists are interested in the common framework on which all languages are built, that is, in universals of language; they also have to cope with the great diversity of languages. General scientific methodology dictates that the description of each language should be as elegant and economical as possible, consistent with the facts. This pushes the linguist to formulate general synchronic rules and principles as the “core grammar” of a language, with lists of idiosyncratic facts treated as peripheral. The lexicon, a store of arbitrary sound-meaning links, is the most obvious “peripheral” component. Somewhere between general principles applying to the core grammars of all languages and the idiosyncratic lexicon are the values of parameters fixed during language acquisition (Chomsky, 1981). Fixing a parameter amounts to making a generalization over, for example, head-dependent constituent order, or whether the language permits null subjects, or the precise barriers to syntactic movement rules. Languages vary along these parameters, and this variation, along with the arbitrary facts of the lexicon, contributes to the diversity of languages.
Polymorphisms at the 5'-end of the apolipoprotein AI gene and severity of coronary artery disease.

Elevated HDL-cholesterol (C) and apo AI are associated with decreased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. We determined distributions of two MspI polymorphisms of the apo AI gene, associated in other studies with increased HDL-C, among 644 patients aged < or = 65 years in relation to circulating lipids and CAD severity assessed angiographically. The rare allele distributions at both sites were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in these patients but the base changes were not associated with HDL-C and apo AI levels. However, patients homozygous for the -75 bp substitution were more likely to have one or more significantly diseased vessels (> 50% luminal obstruction)(OR: 4.75, 95%CI: 1.10- 20.46) as also were patients with the rare +83 bp alleles (OR: 2.56, 95%CI: 1.13-5.81). While there was an additive effect of the two polymorphisms to have severe CAD (OR: 6.33, 95%CI: 1.33-30.02), the polymorphism at +83 bp remained significant in predicting CAD severity after adjusting for other variables in a logistic regression analysis (OR: 2.95, 95%CI: 1.26-6.90), which was also strongly associated with the positive family CAD history (P = 0.009). We conclude that patients with these base changes in this Australian coronary population do not have increased HDL-C and apo AI levels but do have more severe CAD.
The early disease stage in axial spondylarthritis: results from the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort.

OBJECTIVE Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is diagnosed late, because radiographs of the sacroiliac joints often do not show definite sacroiliitis at the time of disease onset. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients without definite radiographically defined sacroiliitis, referred to as nonradiographic axial spondylarthritis (SpA), are different from patients with AS with regard to clinical manifestations and disease activity measures. Moreover, we sought to identify determinants of the development of radiographic sacroiliitis. METHODS In a cross-sectional analysis of 462 patients, we compared 226 patients with nonradiographic axial SpA (symptom duration < or =5 years) and 236 patients with AS (symptom duration < or =10 years) who are participants in the German Spondyloarthritis Inception Cohort. Radiographs of the sacroiliac joints and the spine were assessed by 2 readers in a blinded manner. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify parameters associated with structural damage. RESULTS The 2 groups did not differ in the frequency of HLA-B27 positivity, inflammatory back pain, arthritis, enthesitis, and uveitis and had similar levels of disease activity, using measures such as the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. In both groups, HLA-B27 positivity determined the age at disease onset. Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.19-4.73 [P = 0.014]) and an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 0.96-3.56 [P = 0.066]) were associated with radiographic sacroiliitis. In patients with AS, male sex and an elevated CRP level were also associated with the presence of syndesmophytes. CONCLUSION Clinical manifestations and disease activity measures are highly comparable between patients with early nonradiographic axial SpA and those with early AS, suggesting that these 2 entities are part of the same disease. Male sex and an elevated CRP level are associated with structural damage on radiographs, whereas HLA-B27 positivity determines the age at disease onset.
Meniscus and viscous forces during normal separation of liquid-mediated contacts

Menisci form between two solid surfaces with the presence of an ultra-thin liquid film. Meniscus and viscous forces contribute to an adhesive force when two surfaces are separated. The adhesive force can be very large and can result in high friction, stiction and possibly high wear. The situation may become more pronounced when the contacting surfaces are ultra-smooth and the normal load is small, as is common for micro-/nanodevices. In this study, equations for meniscus and viscous forces during separation of two flat surfaces, and a sphere and a flat surface, are developed, and the corresponding adhesive forces contributed by these two types of forces are examined. The geometric meniscus curvatures and break point are theoretically determined, and the role of meniscus and viscous forces is evaluated during separation. The influence of separation distance, liquid thickness, meniscus area, separation time, liquid properties and contact angles are analyzed. Critical meniscus areas at which transition in the dominance of meniscus to viscous forces occurs for different given conditions, i.e. various initial liquid thicknesses, contact angles and designated separation time, are identified. The analysis provides a fundamental understanding of the physics of separation process, and insights into the relationships between meniscus and viscous forces. It is also valuable for the design of the interface for various devices.
Importance of Adequate Initial Antimicrobial Therapy

Background: It has become an article of faith that appropriate antibiotic therapy is needed for best outcomes during a serious infection. Despite this long-held view, there is some debate about the role of appropriate outcome in serious infections, in particular with nosocomial pneumonia. Therefore, more recent data on adequacy of antibiotic therapy and outcomes were reviewed. Methods: The medical literature from 1997 to 2004 was surveyed for articles that directly dealt with appropriate therapy. Search terms included ‘appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic therapy’, ‘adequate antibiotic therapy’, ‘resistance and antibiotic failures’ and ‘delayed therapy’. The data were abstracted to obtain their essential findings. Results: In bacteremia, data are most persuasive that appropriate and timely therapy significantly influences outcomes. Areas where this may not be the case are studies where coagulase-negative staphylococci are isolated in large numbers or in studies where the incidence of appropriate therapy is high. One area where data are not conclusive concerns the treatment of enteric bacteria carrying extended spectrum betalactamases, where the only cephalosporin of concern is ceftazidime. There is not enough data to compare carbapenems with specific cephalosporins to conclude that these are the most appropriate agents. The studies in regard to nosocomial pneumonias are not as conclusive as those with bacteremias. There appears to be a subset of patients that do not respond to therapy or do not survive, which confounds studies of this population; however, most studies favor a role of appropriate therapy. Conclusions: Appropriate antibiotic therapy has several dimensions. It improves outcomes in most serious diseases. Timing of administration and appropriateness, based on susceptibility, are the most important determinants, but dosing intervals and dose probably play similarly important roles in outcomes that have not been examined exhaustively in humans. Other aspects of appropriate therapy that deserve attention include a shift to more ‘resistance’-proof antibiotics in empiric therapy, which may be accompanied by better outcomes.
Predictors of perinatal outcome in intrauterine growth retardation: a long term study

UNLABELLED Fifty-three intrauterine retarded fetuses (IUGR) and seventy-five healthy pregnancies were monitored by neurobehavioural profile (quiet state or S1F and activity state or S2F percentages) and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (UA RI) on two occasions between the 27th-32nd and the 33rd-36th week of gestation. The aims of the present study were the following 1) to relate S1F, S2F and RI to mild and severe IUGR 2) to relate behavioural state analysis and UA Doppler velocimetry to the following perinatal outcomes: Cesarean section (CS); Preterm delivery (PD); small for gestational age (SGA); Apgar score at 1st and 5th min < 7; Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS); Neurological Injury (NI) (evaluated at the birth, the 4th, the 8th and the 12th month of life). 3) to establish the best predictors of perinatal outcome with these monitoring parameters by a stepwise computerized processing. Our results suggest: 1) mild IUGR, characterized by a progressive increase in peripheral vascular resistances, positive diastolic peak flow (RI: 0.72 +/- 0.01; mean +/- SD), is associated with gradual increase in S1F (12.51 +/- 2.84; mean +/- SD) and a decrease in S2F (27.51 +/- 2.81; mean +/- SD) percentages; 2) severe IUGR, characterized by zero or negative diastolic peak flow (UA RI-->1), is associated with a significant increase in S1F (21.32 +/- 12.11; mean +/- SD) and a decrease in S2F percentages (30.93 +/- 20.35; mean +/- SD). IN CONCLUSION S1F is the best predictor of severe IUGR and significant for all the perinatal outcomes selected; S2F is the best predictor of mild IUGR and significant for SGA; UA RI is the best parameter for recognizing mild IUGR and evolution to severe IUGR.
Pré Dimensionnement d’une machine à flux axial à double stator pour un cahier des charges d’une hydrolienne à entraînement circonférentiel

Dans la presente etude une structure de machine a flux axial a double stator est presentee, un modele electromagnetique de pre dimensionnement au premier ordre est decrit pour cette structure. Les dimensions principales de cette machine ainsi qu’un modele thermique sont presentes pour un cahier des charges d’hydrolienne Rim-Driven. Ces structures originales d’hydroliennes, qui ont fait l’objet de precedentes etudes au laboratoire (IRENav), sont caracterisees par le fait que les parties actives de la machine se situent sur la peripherie de l’helice. Les volumes des materiaux actifs et le comportement thermique de la machine axiale sont compares avec une machine radiale a aimants permanents dimensionnee lors de travaux precedents. Cette premiere etude, montre un interet pour ce type de structures poly-entrefer, notamment en termes de compacite. En effet, l’etude demontre que ces machines sont caracterisees par un comportement thermique moins contraignant.
Altimetry performance and error budget of the PARIS in-orbit demonstration mission

Reflectometry using Global Navigation Satellite System's signals of opportunity (GNSS-R) was originally conceived for mesoscale altimetry [1], although its applicability to sea state determination, soil moisture, vegetation, snow monitoring. has already been demonstrated. In December 2012 the Phase A studies of ESA's PAssive Reflectometry and Interferometry System In-orbit Demonstration (PARIS IoD) mission ended. In conventional GNSS-R the GNSS signals scattered over the Earth's surface are cross-correlated with a locally generated replica of the transmitted signal shifted in frequency (Δfd) and in delay (Δτ). PARIS is called an interferometric GNSS-R (iGNSS-R) system because the direct and the scattered signals are cross-correlated in order to use the whole signal's bandwidth, and improve the altimetric precision, despite the large bandwidth signals are not publicly available. This work presents a methodology to evaluate the performance of iGNSS-R altimeters. It is then applied to a PARIS IoD-like case, in which the receivers' bandwidths have been optimized in terms of altimetric resolution.