Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Control Protocol and Household Smoking Behavior : The case of Bogotá, Colombia

Comprender los efectos de las politicas de control del tabaco en la prevalencia del tabaquismo es de gran importancia en la salud publica. Estas politicas pueden mitigar el consumo, promover el abandono del habito y promover los habitos saludables. Este documento evalua el efecto de una politica de control del tabaco no relacionada precios, que no ha sido ampliamente estudiada en paises de ingresos medios y bajos, sobre la prevalencia del tabaquismo en Bogota, Colombia. Tambien presenta algunos mecanismos de transmision del impacto de una politica de espacios libres de humo en la prevalencia a nivel del hogar. Utilizando datos de actividad comercial y de hogares, este documento estima el efecto de la politica mediante la implementacion de una estrategia de Diferencias en Diferencias. Considerando que la ley afecta directamente las areas comerciales, afecta indirectamente la exposicion fisica de las personas al consumo de tabaco. Luego, uno esperaria que las personas que estan mas cerca de las manzanas con actividad comercial, esten menos expuestas espacialmente al consumo de tabaco y experimenten una menor exposicion publicitaria despues de la implementacion de la politica. Lo anterior conduciria a una reduccion en la prevalencia como resultado de habitos de iniciacion mas bajos, un aumento en el costo de consumo en espacios cerrados y una reduccion en la utilidad derivada del consumo social. Se encuentra que la prevalencia del tabaquismo se reduce para los hogares que se encuentran cerca de espacios comerciales con alta densidad de establecimientos, comparados con los hogares que estan cerca de espacios comerciales con baja densidad, en relacion con los hogares ubicados lejos del comercio, tras la implementacion de la politica. Dado que un hogar cercano con alta densidad comercial en sus alrededores estara expuesto con mayor frecuencia al cumplimiento de la norma que un hogar que esta menos expuesto a la actividad comercial, los miembros del hogar cercano estaran mas dispuestos a internalizar el proceso de des-normalizacion del tabaquismo y, por lo tanto, quien este mas expuesto al cumplimiento con la ley reducira la probabilidad de ser fumador.
Selective Integration: An Attentional Theory of Choice Biases and Adaptive Choice

Human choice behavior shows a range of puzzling anomalies. Even simple binary choices are modified by accept/reject framing and by the presence of decoy options, and they can exhibit circular (i.e., intransitive) patterns of preferences. Each of these phenomena is incompatible with many standard models of choice but may provide crucial clues concerning the elementary mental processes underpinning our choices. One promising theoretical account proposes that choice-related information is selectively gathered through an attentionally limited window favoring goal-consistent information. We review research showing attentional-mediated choice biases and present a computationally explicit model—selective integration—that accounts for these biases.
Bidirectional AC to DC Isolated Multi-Cell Converter

This paper presents the implementation of a bidirectional multi-level voltage inverter, isolated converter based on a multi-cell architecture for battery charger applications. Dual Active Bridge based DC to DC isolated converter cells are cascaded with H bridges which are then associated in series to implement a multi-level topology able to produce AC waves from DC source and vice versa. The operating principle is provided along with converter main advantages and drawbacks. A special attention is dedicated to the control part. The operation of the multi-level converter is validated with experimental results. A special care is applied to efficiency measurements. Efficiency and power densities are provided to highlight the interest of the converter.
Statistical validation analysis between an experimental Shack-Hartmann aberrometer and a commercial device

Nowadays, the Shack-Hartmann aberrometer is one of the most widely used devices for measuring optical aberrations of the human eye due to the closed-loop automation features of this sensor. These aberrometers are used in fundus cameras to measure aberrations inherent to the human eye, which represent a deformation of the cornea that prevents the capture of eye images of high spatial resolution and can be compensated by adaptive optical systems. This article shows the validation of an experimental Shack-Hartmann aberrometer, which in the future will be used as the optimized adaptive optics arm of an eye fundus camera for the purpose of obtaining sharp images of the retina and its photoreceptors for the preventive diagnosis of anomalies that could generate partial or total loss of vision of the human being. The validation is done by a statistical analysis between the aberrations obtained from our experimental system and a commercial aberrometer. This analysis will be based on the most common aberrations of the human eye, e.g. myopia and astigmatism.
Dynamics of post-stroke hand paresis kinematic pattern during rehabilitation

According to the literature data, only 5–20% of post-stroke patients are able to restore the hand motor function completely. Correct goal setting and individual approach to the patient's functional recovery are important. Our study aimed to develop an algorithm of impaired hand motor functioning assessment for post-stroke patients and to determine the principles of the rehabilitation tactics choosing based on the biomechanical analysis. Twenty five patients with hemispheric stroke and 10 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Formal clinical observation scales (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Ashworth Scale, ARAT) and video motion analysis were used for evaluation of the hand motor function. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the hand paresis severity (mild/moderate and pronounced/severe). Rehabilitation was carried out in both groups, including mechanotherapy, massage and physical therapy. It was revealed that in the 1st group of patients the motor function recovery in the paretic hand was due to movement performance recovery: biomechanical parameters restoration directly correlated with a decrease in the paresis degree according to the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (r = 0.94; p = 0.01). In the 2nd group of patients, the motor function recovery in the paretic hand was due to motor deficit compensation: according to biomechanical analysis, the pathological motor synergies inversely correlated with a decrease in the paresis degree (r = –0.9; p = 0.03). As a result of the study, an algorithm for selecting the patient management tactics based on the baseline clinical indicators was developed.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pain Treatment

Background: Despite the critical role that Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provides in the health care system, racial/ethnic treatment disparities in EMS remain relatively unexamined. Objective: To investigate racial/ethnic treatment disparities in pain assessment and pain medication administration in EMS. Research Design: A retrospective analysis was performed on 25,732 EMS encounters from 2015 to 2017 recorded in the Oregon Emergency Medical Services Information System using multivariate logistic regression models to examine the role of patient race/ethnicity in pain assessment and pain medication administration among patients with a traumatic injury. Results: Hispanic and Asian patients were less likely to receive a pain assessment procedure and all racial/ethnic patients were less likely to receive pain medications compared with white patients. In particular, regarding the adjusted likelihood of receiving a pain assessment procedure, Hispanic patients were 21% less likely [95% confidence interval (CI), 10%–30%; P<0.001], Asian patients were 31% less likely (95% CI, 16%–43%; P<0.001) when compared with white patients. Regarding the adjusted likelihood of receiving any pain medications, black patients were 32% less likely (95% CI, 21%–42%; P<0.001), Hispanic patients were 21% less likely (95% CI, 7%–32%; P<0.01), and Asian patients were 24% less likely (95% CI, 1%–41%; P<0.05) when compared with white patients. Conclusions: Racial/ethnic minorities were more likely to experience disadvantages in EMS treatment in Oregon. Hispanic and Asian patients who requested EMS services in Oregon for traumatic injuries were less likely to have their pain assessed and all racial/ethnicity patients were less likely to be treated with pain medications when compared with white patients.
Self-Employment and Migration

There is a widespread policy view that a lack of job opportunities at home is a key reason for migration, accompanied by suggestions of the need to spend more on creating these opportunities to reduce migration. Self-employment is widespread in poor countries, and faced with a lack of existing jobs, providing more opportunities for people to start businesses is a key policy option. But empirical evidence to support this idea is slight, and economic theory offers several reasons why the self-employed may be more likely to migrate. This paper puts together panel surveys from eight countries to descriptively examine the relationship between migration and self-employment, finding that the self-employed are indeed less likely to migrate than wage workers or the unemployed. The paper then analyzes seven randomized experiments that increased self-employment, and finds that their causal impacts on migration are negative on average, but often small in magnitude.
Treatment of thalassaemia: a review of the new approaches on transfusion safety and the novel therapeutics

Lifetime red cell concentrate (RCC) transfusions still account for significant iron overload‐related morbidity and mortality despite chelation therapy in thalassaemia. The cumulative risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections is substantial for thalassaemia patients. Pathogen reduction technologies for RCC may imply a proactive approach against new/re‐emerging pathogens and may be an ultimate safeguard for transfusion safety in the developing countries. Red cell alloimmunization may become a significant clinical challenge in thalassaemia. The availability of high‐throughput molecular blood group antigen typing in the donors may allow perfect match transfusion, beyond ABO‐D and CEK antigen‐matched transfusions. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (A‐SCT) is the only available curative therapy in thalassaemia, but carries a substantial risk of serious adverse events and mortality. Gene addition therapy for correction of the α‐globin chain imbalance overcomes the problems of donor availability and immunological complications of A‐SCT. Gene editing by either gene disruption or correction emerged as a potential alternative to gene addition therapy in beta‐thalassaemia. A new era of novel therapeutics targeting α/β imbalance, ineffective erythropoiesis or iron dysregulation is unfolding in thalassaemia management, and a number of those now have agents in preclinical and clinical development. Hydroxyurea (HU) may improve globin chain imbalance and be beneficial for reducing or omitting transfusion requirement. Ruxolitinib has allowed steady decrease in spleen volume that may serve for avoiding splenectomy in beta‐thalassaemia. Luspatercept may restore normal erythroid differentiation and improve anaemia. Hepcidin mimetics or TMPRSS6 inhibitors may modulate ineffective erythropoiesis by iron restriction and improve anaemia and organ iron loading.
Corporate Debt Maturity and the Real Economy

How do firms manage debt maturity in the presence of investment opportunities? I document empirically at aggregate and firm levels that corporations lengthen their average maturity of debt when output and investment rates are larger and average credit spreads are lower. To explain these findings, I construct an economic model where firms dynamically choose investment, short-term debt, and long-term debt. In equilibrium, long-term debt is more costly than short-term debt and is only used when investment opportunities present themselves in peaks of the business cycle. This framework suggests that economic stability and lower credit risk are reflected in firms that are able to hold more leverage and a higher proportion of long-term debt.
Automatic Font Generation Algorithm Based on Image Kansei

: In this paper, we propose an automatic font generation algorithm which can accurately represent Kansei of the input image. Provided an arbitrary image, a corresponding font is generated according to the emotion information included in the image. The proposed method consists of two stages: learning stage and generation stage. In the first stage, the learning unit learns multiple fonts by using the image generation model “zi2zi” (meaning characters to characters), which is based on the GAN principle. In the generation stage, the score of the emotion information is obtained using “Emotion API” for the analysis of the image, then an inference is made by using the weights of the Generator model obtained by the learning, and the font is generated finally. Evaluation experiments via web questionnaires show that the fonts generated by the proposed algorithm correctly reflect emotions, demonstrating the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Tradução automática de línguas de sinais: do sinal para a escrita

O reconhecimento automatico de sinais de uma Lingua de Sinais (LS) por um computador ainda e um grande desafio. Ate o momento, nao existia uma conversao automatica de sinais para a Escrita de Linguas de Sinais (ELS) na notacao em SignWriting (SW). Esses fatores foram os que motivaram o desenvolvimento deste trabalho a fim de encontrar uma solucao para esse problema que ainda nao havia sido solucionado na literatura. Dessa forma, neste trabalho fizemos o reconhecimento de sinais em imagens de uma LS e convertemos para a escrita de sinais em SW. Mais precisamente, nos concentramos no parâmetro de configuracao de mao, que e importante para definir o formato que a mao ira assumir durante a execucao de um sinal. Para isso, utilizamos Redes Neurais Artificiais do tipo Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) que e um modelo de aprendizado de maquina que nos possibilitou fazer o reconhecimento dos sinais. Para fazer a captura das imagens, utilizamos o sensor de movimentos Kinect em conjunto com uma aplicacao desenvolvida que faz o preprocessamento das imagens. Fizemos o treinamento da CNN com 16 configuracoes de mao diferentes e obtivemos uma acuracia satisfatoria de 87.5%.
Why should financial aid affect university participation? A review of the literature

This contribution reviews the literature on the role of financial aid in enhancing university participation. This aim will be reached through three main steps. First, we describe a theoretical framework based on rational action theory that could explain the effects exerted by the different measures. Second, we analyse the main forms of financial aid developed by the policy makers in Europe and in the US. More precisely, we look at the role played by: grants, tuition fees, loans and a novel approach in the financial aid debate: asset building. The paper attempts to provide an overview of the different measures’ effects on enrolment, academic performance and completion. Third, based on the reviewed literature, the paper tries to derive some general policy implications for the Italian case.
Unified Model Technique for Inertial Navigation Aided by Vehicle Dynamics Model

Model-aided navigation increases navigation accuracy by including a vehicle dynamics model into the filter structure. The commonly used Inertial Navigation System (INS) is hence supplemented by another prediction model for the system state. However, the standard Kalman filter only allows for a single system model to propagate the estimation. The main contribution of this paper is the improvement of an existing approach to estimation with two valid state prediction models. By unifying the models, computation time and state vector size are reduced. Furthermore, the question of how the models must be coupled to achieve optimality and preserve filter stability is addressed. In integrated aircraft navigation, an INS as well as a vehicle dynamics model are available. The presented method unifies these two models and shows superior computational performance compared to existing model-aided navigation methods and among best results. Furthermore, it is easy to implement and easy to extend with aiding sensors. Copyright © 2013 Institute of Navigation.
Aplikasi Rekomendasi Buku Pada Katalog Perpustakaan Universitas Multimedia Nusantara Menggunakan Vector Space Model

Library is one of the facilities which provides information, knowledge resource, and acts as an academic helper for readers to get the information. The huge number of books which library has, usually make readers find the books with difficulty. Universitas Multimedia Nusantara uses the Senayan Library Management System (SLiMS) as the library catalogue. SLiMS has many features which help readers, but there is still no recommendation feature to help the readers finding the books which are relevant to the specific book that readers choose. The application has been developed using Vector Space Model to represent the document in vector model. The recommendation in this application is based on the similarity of the books description. Based on the testing phase using one-language sample of the relevant books, the F-Measure value gained is 55% using 0.1 as cosine similarity threshold. The books description and variety of languages affect the F-Measure value gained. Index Terms—Book Recommendation, Porter Stemmer, SLiMS Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, TF-IDF, Vector Space Model
Exploring HRM involvement in CSR: variation of Ulrich’s HR roles by organisational context

Abstract The nascent literature around corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource management (HRM) suggests considerable involvement of HR in the development and implementation of CSR strategy, but there is a lack of consensus around the extent, contingencies and theoretical assumptions underpinning such an emerging role. This study examines how far and under what circumstances HR is engaged in CSR strategy formulation and implementation. Drawing on data from interviews with 29 HRM and CSR professionals in 16 New Zealand organisations, we found that the CSR–HRM relationship varies according to organisational context, including the stage of CSR development and sector, and according to how far the remit of CSR extends to ‘internal’ as well as ‘external’ considerations. Within a multi-dimensional CSR–HRM relationship and context, HRM is likely to provide considerable strategic and operational input to the development and implementation of ‘internal CSR’, the natural domain of HRM relating to employee development and well-being. Utilising Ulrich’s model of HRM, the analysis also finds evidence of the roles of administrative expert, employee champion and change agent in relation to external CSR, though the focus is more on support than ‘strategic partnership’ in this domain. Hence, the role of HR in CSR is multi-faceted and varies according to organisational contextual factors. The paper concludes with implications for HR management and avenues for further research.
The knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among women in Kerman, Iran.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and if diagnosed on time, the chance of treatment will increase. There is limited information about the knowledge and practice of Iranian women about early detection of breast cancer and in this study we aimed to investigate it in Kerman. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on 120 women; from 6 randomly selected maternal and childcare centers spread around Kerman, women were questioned about the primary signs of breast cancer and the screening methods. Results: The results show that 70% of women thought that with on time detection, breast cancer can be successfully treated, but 47% had no idea about any screening method. The most common breast cancer sign mentioned by women was a painless lump. Breast self examination as the easiest and cheapest screening method was never done in 51% of women. The most common reason for not performing screening tests in the participants, was not knowing anything about it. Conclusion: Although breast cancer when diagnosed on time is treatable, the knowledge and attitude of Iranian women about breast cancer screening and the signs of breast cancer are very low. Educational programs to increase women's knowledge about breast cancer should be foreseen and performed.
STUDYING TOURISM WEBSITES AND THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE SOCIAL MEDIA

During the past decade, information technology has significantly changed the way the tourism companies plans, controls and manages operations. For example, the increased use of Web 2.0, has gradually altering the industry structure and developing a whole range of opportunities and threats. Hence, the purpose of this study is to verify the impact of online social networks in raising the number of visitors to referenced websites as well as forecasting the total number of tourism websites visitors and social media referrals to better understand and evaluate the potential importance of this technology using time series analysis. This objective will be achieved through analyzing the pattern of visits to a sample of Egyptian tourism websites and the relationship between the total visits and those having the OSNs as referrals has been measured. The data analyzed in this study were provided from the secondary data generated by Google Analytics (GA). The data collected consisted of the series of total visits of Egyptian websites and the contributions of these visits via social media referrals. The significance of the explanatory variable visits via social media referrals as well as the time period was addressed with a multiple regression. To forecast the total number of visits to the tourism websites the time series analysis approach as a non causal method has been used. The results show that time and social media referrals have a significant influence on the total visits of tourism websites. Moreover, Egyptian tourism businesses should not only consider the presence and interaction on Facebook, Google+ and My space, they should also consider Media sharing platforms such as You Tube and Pinterest.
Building Capacity for Policy Implementation

Introduction In Australia and internationally, the discourse of ‘declining policy capacity’ is pervasive. Politicians, practitioners and scholars have expressed concern about the ability of the public service to support policy processes through its analysis, advisory and service delivery functions. There is particular concern about policy implementation – about the ability and willingness of the public service to promptly deliver on government commitments and priorities, and about the extent to which policy and program design is informed by operational realities. Anxieties about the potential for ‘disconnect’ between policy and service delivery have been heightened by recent high-profile failures in sensitive areas of government policy. This chapter examines recent efforts by the Commonwealth and Queensland governments to build capacity for policy implementation, notably through the establishment of implementation units. It offers an assessment of their potential to address the dilemmas of implementation exposed by recent policy failures.