Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
R-cadherin expression during nucleus formation in chicken forebrain neuromeres

The primordial neuroepithelium of the vertebrate forebrain consists of transverse and longitudinal morphogenetic compartments (“neuromeres”). During development, neurons born in the ventricular zone of each neuromere migrate outward to the mantle zone. Here, neuroblasts gradually accumulate and aggregate either into sheets (“laminae”) or into roundish structures (“nuclei”). As brain architecture matures, sets of nuclei and laminae derived from several neuromeres become connected by fiber tracts to form functional circuits. We show by immunostaining and in situ hybridization techniques that, in the E3-E5 chicken embryo, the cell adhesion molecule R-cadherin is expressed in several stripes and patches in the forebrain neuroepithelium. This expression pattern reflects, at least in part, the neuromeric organization of the forebrain. For example, in both the ventral and dorsal thalamus, R-cadherin expression has a sharp border at the respective caudal neuromere boundary. Moreover, focusing on the mid- hypothalamic region, we demonstrate that a subset of postmitotic neuroblasts in the ventricular zone express R-cadherin during their migration to the mantle zone, where they aggregate into particular nuclei. In the mantle zone, R-cadherin-expressing neuroblasts accumulate in parallel with neuroblasts expressing another cadherin, N- cadherin. The two types of cells segregate from each other to form adjacent nuclei. Some of the R- and the N-cadherin-positive nuclei form parts of particular functional circuits in the mature brain. In conclusion, our results suggest that cadherins play a role in the formation of brain nuclei and in the developmental transformation from neuromeric to functional organization in the vertebrate forebrain.
Expression of S‐laminin and laminin in the developing rat central nervous system

The extracellular matrix component, s‐laminin, is a homologue of the B1 subunit of laminin. S‐laminin is concentrated in the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction and contains a site that is adhesive for motor neurons, suggesting that it may influence neuromuscular development. To ascertain whether s‐laminin may also play roles in the genesis of the central nervous system, we have examined its expression in the brain and spinal cord of embryonic and postnatal rats. S‐laminin was not detectable in synapse‐rich areas of adults. However, s‐laminin was present in discrete subsets of three laminin‐containing structures: (1) In the developing cerebral cortex, laminin and s‐laminin were expressed in the subplate, a transient layer through which neuroblasts migrate and cortical afferents grow. Both laminin and s‐laminin disappeared as embryogenesis proceeded; however, laminin was more widely distributed and present longer than s‐laminin. (2) In the developing spinal cord, laminin was present throughout the pia. In contrast, s‐laminin was concentrated in the pia that overlies the floor plate, a region in which extracellular cues have been postulated to guide growing axons. (3) In central capillaries, s‐laminin appeared perinatally, an interval during which the blood‐brain barrier matures. In contrast, laminin was present in capillary walls of both embryos and adults.
Tramadol and seizures

Following his announcement, the NRP fish were away and swimming upstream to spawn. One hatchling is Promoting and maintaining good health, which comprised the following priority goals: A healthy start to life; Ageing well, ageing productively; Preventive health care; and Strengthening Australia’s social and economic fabric. Now, almost 3 years later, the hatchlings are in danger of falling victim to the exhausting bureaucratic currents, and their fate may well be to float downstream into the oceans of irrelevance.
Degenerates with Dusty Disks: White Dwarfs and Cataclysmic Variables in the Infrared

Abstract Recent infrared observations, particularly from the Spitzer Space Telescope and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, of white dwarfs, cataclysmic variables and other interacting compact binaries, have revealed the presence of dust in many systems. I briefly review the discovery and observational properties of dust around white dwarfs and cataclysmic variables.
Operational excellence driven by process maturity reviews: A case study of the ABB corporation

World-class operations need to be efficient and cost effective. Maturity models are examined in this research as a tool for operational development in manufacturing companies. Several leading frameworks are analysed. These models provide baseline to develop companies operations and ultimately the creation of competitive advantage over competitors. The use of maturity models allows organizations to assess organizational methods and processes according to management best practices and against a clear set of external benchmarks. An industry example is presented from the ABB Corporation to showcase the usage of process maturity reviews in an industry context. To succeed in global competition, the ABB Corporation has strongly emphasized a culture of continuous improvement. Case company uses maturity models as a start of the continuous improvement loop, with aim to achieve world-class operations.
Ultra-wide-band transmitter for low-power wireless body area networks: design and evaluation

The successful realization of a wireless body area network (WBAN) requires innovative solutions to meet the energy consumption budget of the autonomous sensor nodes. The radio interface is a major challenge, since its power consumption must be reduced below 100 /spl mu/W (energy scavenging limit). The emerging ultra-wide-band (UWB) technology shows strong advantages in reaching this target. First, most of the complexity of an UWB system is in the receiver, which is a perfect scenario in the WBAN context. Second, the very little hardware complexity of a UWB transmitter offers the potential for low-cost and highly integrated solutions. Finally, in a pulse-based UWB scheme, the transmitter can be duty-cycled at the pulse rate, thereby reducing the baseline power consumption. We present a low-power UWB transmitter that can be fully integrated in standard CMOS technology. Measured performances of a fully integrated pulse generator are provided, showing the potential of UWB for low power and low cost implementations. Finally, using a WBAN channel model, we present a comparison between our UWB solution and state-of-the-art low-power narrow-band implementations. This paper shows that UWB performs better in the short range due to a reduced baseline power consumption.
A BRIEF REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF SOME PHTHALAZINE DERIVATIVES ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND KIDNEY FUNCTIONS

Phthalazine derivatives are biological potential compounds having diverse biological activities. In this review, briefly discuss about the effect of phthalazine derivatives on cardiac and kidney functions. A series of 4-(4-bromophenyl) phthalazine and phthalazinone analogs connected through 2-propanol spacer to N-substituted piperazine residue were tested for their effect on β-adrenergic blocking activity. Most compounds exhibited appreciable β-adrenolytic activity compared to propranolol. Compounds 1a, 1d, 1e and 2c showed appreciable inhibition of norepinephrine induced aortic ring contraction. Another series of phthalazine substituted urea and thiourea derivatives (5a–p) were tested for their inhibitory actions on the activity of human carbonic anhydrase (hCAs I and II) enzymes. All these compounds inhibited the CA isoenzymes activity. Compound 5a (IC50=6.40 M for hCA I and 6.13 Mfor hCA II) has the most inhibitory activity. Phthalazine derivatives were showed both β-adrenergic blocking and carbonic anhydrase activities and useful for both cardiac and kidney functions.
Effects of level of processing but not of task enactment on recognition memory in a case of developmental amnesia

We report the performance in four recognition memory experiments of Jon, a young adult with early-onset developmental amnesia whose episodic memory is gravely impaired in tests of recall, but seems relatively preserved in tests of recognition, and who has developed normal levels of performance in tests of intelligence and general knowledge. Jon's recognition performance was enhanced by deeper levels of processing in comparing a more meaningful study task with a less meaningful one, but not by task enactment in comparing performance of an action with reading an action phrase. Both of these variables normally enhance episodic remembering, which Jon claimed to experience. But Jon was unable to support that claim by recollecting what it was that he remembered. Taken altogether, the findings strongly imply that Jon's recognition performance entailed little genuine episodic remembering and that the levels-of-processing effects in Jon reflected semantic, not episodic, memory.
Multiwavelength L-Band Brillouin–Erbium Comb Fiber Laser Utilizing Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel multiwavelength L-band Brillouin-erbium fiber laser utilizing nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. The erbium-doped fiber section in the fiber loop mirror provides efficient amplification of Brillouin pump (BP) to generate the stimulated Brillouin scattering in the single-mode fiber coil. The laser structure can achieve symmetry breaking of the loop without requirements to an asymmetric coupler or polarization controller. The proposed fiber laser has a low threshold power of about 10 mW to create the first Brillouin-Stokes signal. The maximum number of 27 Stokes signals with a spacing of 0.089 nm is achieved by setting the BP wavelength at 1604 nm and its BP power is set at 2.2 mW.
Adaptive level set model for image segmentation based on tensor diffusion

According to the tensor diffusion theory, this paper proposes a novel active contour model for image segmentation in the level set formulation. Firstly, we define an external energy term using the trace-based tensor diffusion equation, which can locate the evolution curve to the neighborhood of one target boundaries adaptively. So it will enhance the robustness of the model to the initialization of contour. Secondly, an internal energy term is established based on the eigenvalues' information of image structure tensor, which can push the evolution curve to the target boundaries, so as to further improve image segmentation accuracy. Experimental results on both synthetic and real images show desirable performances of our method.
[Effects of Ligustrazine and Radix Astragali on activities of myosin adenosine triphosphatase of soleus muscle and muscle atrophy in tail-suspended rats].

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Ligustrazine (Lig) and Radix Astragali (Rad) on activities of myosin adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) of soleus muscle and atrophy in tail-suspended rat. METHOD Weightlessness was simulated by tail suspension in female rats. The activities of mATPase of intrafusal and extrafusal fibres in soleus muscle were detected by method of Ca2(+)-ATPase. RESULT 1) Compared with tail-suspended (TS) group, the percentage of type II fibres of SOL in both Ligustrazine (Lig) group and Rad group decreased distinctly. Furthermore, the percentage of type I and type II fibres of SOL in Rad group showed no difference with control (CON) group. 2) The type I CSA of Lig group was markedly larger than that in TS group, and there was no difference as compared with that of CON group. CSA of type I, II and average CSA of Rad group were remarkably larger than those in TS group, and there were no difference as compared with those of CON group. 3) mATPase activities of intrafusal fibres in both Lig group and Rad group were approximate to that of CON group. CONCLUSION Lig and Rad are both able to effectively prevent muscle atrophy caused by tail suspension, restrain the slow-twitch muscle transform to fast-twitch muscle and control the increase of mATPase activities caused by weightlessness.
Retrieval-induced forgetting in episodic memory.

Participants learned the locations of 12 stimuli that were uniquely colored but could be grouped by shape (4 circles, 4 triangles, 4 crosses). Following the study, a retrieval-practice phase required participants to recall the colors of a subset of the stimuli (i.e., 2 circles, 2 triangles) using shape and location as cues. In a final test, participants recalled the colors of all 12 stimuli. Compared with the control set of stimuli (i.e., 4 crosses), memory was facilitated for practiced items but impaired for related items, which were not practiced but shared the same shape group. Across experiments, retrieval-induced forgetting was observed for different perceptual groupings and for different cuing procedures. The effect, however, required retrieval of information during the interpolated phase. Providing extra presentations did not disrupt memory for related items.
Pneumocystis carinii Activates the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Alveolar Epithelial Cells

ABSTRACT Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PcP) is a clinically important infection of immunocompromised patients. Although the interaction of Pneumocystis with the alveolar epithelium has been well documented, very little information regarding the epithelial response to Pneumocystis is currently available. In order to study Pneumocystis-epithelium interactions, a murine cell line derived specifically from an alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) was utilized. The coculture of murine AECs with mouse Pneumocystis induced a dose- and time-dependent release of the CXC chemokine MIP-2. Importantly, the specific removal of Pneumocystis from the preparation, or the pretreatment of AECs with sulfasalazine, a potent and specific inhibitor of NF-κB, nearly completely abrogated the chemokine response to Pneumocystis. Since the murine MIP-2 promoter contains consensus κB binding sequences, the ability of Pneumocystis to stimulate NF-κB signaling in AECs was examined. Pneumocystis stimulation of an AEC line stably transfected with a κB-dependent reporter construct triggered the NF-κB signaling pathway and reporter production. These data were confirmed in gel shift assays, providing direct evidence that Pneumocystis induced the nuclear translocation of the p50/p65 heterodimeric form of NF-κB. Maximal NF-κB activation was dependent upon direct contact with viable Pneumocystis organisms. These data demonstrate that Pneumocystis activates NF-κB signaling in AECs and establish a reporter cell line for studying NF-κB activation in AECs. Given the global regulatory functions of the NF-κB family, these findings suggest that Pneumocystis directly alters AEC gene expression in a manner that promotes pulmonary immune and inflammatory responses.
Characteristics of Overheated Electrical Joints Due to Loose Connection

Abstract - Overheated electrical joints due to loose connection are often precursors of electric fires, arc faults, and arc flash in electrical systems. This paper is about the formation mechanism and behavior characteristics of loose connection induced overheated electrical joints. Specific experiments were conducted on busbar joints and systems with currents ranging from 100 A up to 5000 A. The lead time of the overheated contact formation is significantly impacted by the tightening torque of busbar bolts, the amplitude of current, and the proper sizing of electrical joints.
Evaluation of effects of previous exposure to an acute stressor before testing for depression-like behaviours in mice

Test batteries are an essential and broadly used tool for behavioural phenotyping, especially with regard to mouse models of particular diseases, such as depression. Facing the problem of an often limited number of mutant animals, it therefore seems crucial to develop and optimise such test batteries in terms of an ideal throughput of subjects. This study aimed to characterize several common stressors, which are used for the investigation of depressive-like features with regard to their capability of each of them to affect performance in a subsequent behavioural test. Here we investigated swim-, restraint- and footshock-stress in male C57/BL6 mice, focusing on post-stress corticosterone elevations as well as potential effects on the behavioural level. The stressors increased circulating corticosterone levels when assessed 1 h after exposure. On the behavioural level, no test interactions could be detected, which suggests, that in general, combining these test conditions in experiments with a restricted availability of animals seems to be rather unproblematic.
Minimizing the Risks of Data Protection Infringement - Data Lifecycle Risk Assessment

In this paper, we propose an evaluation scheme which has the objective to permit the user to identify the legal data protection obligations through a continuous data-lifecycle-assessment-method and to re-design the data processing actively. To ensure the compliance with data protection principles under the European law and thus preventing the risk of sanctions, it is necessary, especially in multi-discipline services, to continuously check during the complete data-usage-process whether personal data are given and which methods of risk minimisation like the application of anonymization techniques are useful.
The Influence of Co-Contraction to the Arm Impedance During Free Planar Movement

Enlightened by the disparity between the experimental and theoretical calculations of flexion and extension muscle activities, this paper proposes that co-contraction contributes to arm impedance control even during free planar movements. Therefore, the proposal above, implemented with the neuro- muscle-skeleton model and optimal control tool, could yield stiffness ellipses which are consistent with experimental data and reduce discrepancy of the original model.
The Future of the Cervical Spine: Presidential Address to the Cervical Spine Research Society

It has been a great pleasure to be the President of the Cervical Spine Research Society and to serve its membership. The CSRS is a highly successful, vibrant organization. It is at the cutting edge of clinical and basic science research. The Society reflects its membership; it has strong scientific principles and is broadly multidisciplinary. Today, I want to speak to you on the future of the Cervical Spine Research Society and cervical spine care in general. With a look to the future, I held a Strategic Retreat in December 2001, in Monterey, California with CSRS representatives to plan the future for our organization. We discussed our mission and vision and identified priorities.
Radiation Effects Characterization of the SBP9900A 16-Bit Microprocessor

Characterization of the Texas Instruments SBP9900A 16-bit microprocessor has been performed in radiation environments. The test results indicate that the devices will remain functional at reduced electrical performance following exposures to ionizing radiation levels of 3×106rads(Si) or neutron fluences of 3×1013n/cm2. Transient logic upset was not observed at ionizing radiation dose rates of less than 1×109rads(Si)/sec. The primary failure mode in the neutron and total ionizing dose environments was found to be a reduction in up-gain of the npn portion of the I2L cell. Methods of enhancing the radiation hardness of the SBP9900A are discussed.
Literature Survey on Topic Modeling

Topic Modeling refers to a suit of algorithms that gives us an insight of the ‘latent’ semantic topics or themes in a collection of documents. This survey provides a brief classification of different topic modeling techniques and an introductory overview of the most popular topic modeling technique LDA (latent Dirichlet Allocation) and some of its extensions. This survey also summarizes few applications of topic modeling in different fields of study.
Application of Power Flow Sensitivity Analysis and PTDF for Determination of ATC

Power system restructuring throughout the world is undergoing various reforms in the power business. One of the objectives of restructuring process is to allow open access of transmission network to the market participants thereby creating a competitive power market. However it may cause the congestion and further threaten the security of the network. This situation may be avoided by providing the information about available transfer capability of the network to the market players (buyers and sellers). Available transfer capability (ATC) of transmission network is the additional amount of power transfer that can be effected between the buyer bus and seller bus without loss of security. For proper system operations under the various transactions, ATC calculations must be reasonably accurate and fast enough. This paper describes a novel approach of application of sensitivity analysis and power transfer distribution factor for the determination of ATC. Advantages of the proposed approach are also discussed.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances hypoxia-reoxygenation-mediated apoptosis in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells: critical role of protein kinase C.

BACKGROUND Ischemia and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) released during ischemia both cause apoptosis and necrosis of myocardial tissues. Since endothelium may be critically important in determination of cardiac function, we examined the interaction between TNF alpha and hypoxia-reoxygenation with regard to induction of apoptosis and underlying signaling pathway in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS HCAECs were cultured and exposed to hypoxia alone, hypoxia-reoxygenation, TNF alpha alone, TNF alpha plus hypoxia-reoxygenation, or TNF alpha only during the period of reoxygenation. Apoptosis was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, DNA nick-end labeling and DNA laddering. Hypoxia alone caused modest time-dependent apoptosis of cultured HCAECs, and reoxygenation increased the number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.01 vs. hypoxia alone). TNF alpha induced concentration-dependent apoptosis, and enhanced reoxygenation-mediated apoptosis in cultured HCAECs (P < 0.01 vs. hypoxia-reoxygenation alone). As expected, monoclonal antibody to TNF alpha significantly blocked the pro-apoptotic effect of TNF alpha-induced apoptosis (P < 0.01). TNF alpha-induced apoptosis was found to be associated with marked activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and pretreatment of cells with a specific PKC inhibitor markedly reduced TNF alpha-mediated PKC activity and apoptosis. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that hypoxia alone causes modest apoptosis, reoxygenation increases apoptosis beyond that caused by hypoxia in cultured HCAECs. TNF alpha alone causes apoptosis, and further enhances apoptosis caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation. The activation of PKC plays a critical role in TNF alpha-induced apoptosis of cultured HCAECs.