Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prime-movers in a commodity industry

A commodity industry is one in which core technologies in products have matured, and further technological progress is focused upon production. William Abernathy had introduced the concept of an `industrial life cycle' to depict the transition of a high-tech industry into a commodity industry. [1] This is when the rate of product innovations peak and then declines; and yet the rate of production innovations increase and continue. During this transition the numbers of firms in the new industry also peaks and then declines. Alfred Chandler addressed the problem of which new firms in the new industry would rise to market dominance and called these `first movers'. [4] And in new industries, such companies as Ford (automobiles) IBM (computers), there had been first movers which rose to dominance. These two concepts fit historical patterns in the early times of new high-tech industries - but not over longer times. First movers have not always maintained dominance in a market. For example, Ford lost U.S. dominance to General Motors after the 1920s; and General Motors lost dominance to Toyota after the 1990s. Xerox lost dominance in printing in the 1980s; and IBM lost dominance in computers in the 1980s. Why? What are the criteria for market dominance in commodity-type industries? We introduce the concept of a `prime-mover' in a commodity industry (as an analogous concept to that of a `first-mover' in a high-tech industry). After the middle of the twentieth century, the commodity industry of steel underwent major industrial restructuring, with Asian firms emerging as new prime movers in the restructuring. To understand this, we analyze the remarkable global success of the Korean firm of POSCO, established long after the steel industry had become a commodity industry.
Où en est la phonologie du français

Dans un article important qui marquait 1' abandon des traitements derivationnels unilineaires classiques en phonologie generative du frangais et proposait une approche nouvelle de la phonologie de notre langue dans un cadre syllabique renouvele ' Anderson (1982) soulignait le statut tout a fait particulier dont beneficie le frangais dans le champ des recherches phonologiques contemporaines. II semble bien, en effet, qu'aucune langue au monde n'ait connu au xxe siecle une telle accumulation de descriptions empiriques, d' analyses conduites dans les cadres theoriques les plus varies, et n'ait, comme le frangais, servi de base a la construction de tant d'arguments a l'appui d'innovations theoriques ou formelles. Au triple point de vue empirique, analytique et formel, la phonologie du frangais constitue ainsi un domaine particulierement riche et bien connu : liaison, elision, e muet, comportement du h aspire, semi vocalisation et nasalisation sont autant de problemes rigoureusement constitues pour lesquels les donnees phenomenales sont claires, relativement bien connues et bien etablies. Au cours du siecle, la plupart des hypotheses analytiques possibles ont, tour a tour, ete adoptees. Pour ces raisons, la phonologie du franqais constitue egalement un terrain d'epreuve scientifique et de demonstration particulierement fertile. II n'est pas un cadre phonologique nouveau, ou une innovation theorique un peu articulee, qui n'ait ete confronte aux donnees franqaises et n'ait ete eprouve en phonologie frangaise.
Novel method of in-situ ultrasonic test of aircraft parts

Aerial in-situ test is an important constituent of modern aerial maintenance and repairing technology, which can detect the performance of aircraft structure quickly. Aiming at the low efficiency of the present in-situ test methods, the paper proposed a novel method of in-situ ultrasonic test of aircraft parts. Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied in the method to extract features and classify different defects accurately. The relationship between key parameter C (cost) and σ (sigma) of SVM and the classification accuracy were calculated, therefore the optimized results were got. Experiments of classification were made and the results illustrated that the features extracted through HHT of the system had good divisibility. The method could classify typical aircraft defects effectively, which had its special advantages on the short training time cost. This would have a promising application in rapid in-situ aircraft test.
Epidemiologic evaluation of pharmaceuticals with limited evidence of carcinogenicity

Thorough review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has resulted in classifying many substances, including pharmaceuticals, as probably or possibly carcinogenic to humans, based on experiments on animals or limited data on humans. We evaluated 9 such pharmaceuticals for evidence of carcinogenicity in patients receiving them in a large medical care program with automated pharmacy records and a cancer registry. Nested case–control analyses were performed in a cohort of 6.5 million subscribers with up to 12 years of follow‐up, focusing on cancer sites suggested by previous evidence and other sites with odds ratio of at least 1.50, p < 0.01 and some evidence of dose–response. Unmeasured confounding was estimated in sensitivity analyses. We found some supportive evidence for carcinogenicity of griseofulvin, metronidazole and phenytoin and for the known carcinogen, cyclophosphamide, which was added for validation of our data and analyses. Findings for chloramphenicol, iron‐dextran complex, phenoxybenzamine and phenobarbital were essentially non‐contributory. Confounding by cigarette smoking and prior thyroid disease could account, respectively, for associations of oxazepam with lung cancer and propylthiouracil with thyroid cancer. Although not definitive, these findings should be considered in the evaluations of these pharmaceuticals. © 2009 UICC
Development of canine benign prostatic hyperplasia with age

The prevalence and growth of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in beagles as a function of age were studied. The normal prostate gland was 12 ± 3 gm in beagles 2.1‐3.0 years of age; this weight remained unchanged unless BPH developed. Histologic evidence of BPH developed at an early age with a prevalence of 16% of the dogs by the age 2 years. Fifty percent of the dogs had BPH, determined histopathologically by age 4.1‐5.0 years. The average weight of the prostate gland remained constant until after age 8 years. With age, the pathologic features of BPH changed from glandular to the complex form, with no increase in prostate weight until after 8 years. Reinitiation of growth occurred and prostate weight increased to greater than 36 gm in eight of 185 beagles older than age 8 years.
Single-pulse electrical stimulation identifies epileptogenic frontal cortex in the human brain

Objective: To assess the value of single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) to identify frontal epileptogenic cortex during presurgical assessment. Methods: SPES (1-millisecond pulses, 4 to 8 mA, 0.1 Hz) has been used during chronic recordings in 30 patients with intracranial electrodes in the frontal lobes. As a result of presurgical assessment, 17 patients were considered to have frontal epilepsy and 13 extrafrontal epilepsy. Results: Two types of responses to SPES were seen: 1) early responses: starting immediately after the stimulus and considered as normal responses; 2) late responses: two types of responses seen in some areas after the initial early response: a) delayed responses: spikes or sharp waves occurring between 100 milliseconds and 1 second after stimulation. Frontal delayed responses were seen in 11 frontal patients and 1 extrafrontal patient, whereas extrafrontal delayed responses were seen in 1 frontal and 10 extrafrontal patients. b) Repetitive responses: two or more consecutive sharp-and-slow-wave complexes, each resembling the initial early response. Repetitive responses were seen only when stimulating the frontal lobes of 10 frontal patients. Among the 17 frontal patients, 13 had late responses exclusively in the epileptogenic frontal lobe, whereas only 3 showed them in both frontal lobes. Frontal late responses were associated with neuropathologic abnormalities, and complete resection of abnormal SPES areas was associated with good postsurgical seizure outcome. Conclusions: Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) could be an important additional investigation during presurgical assessment to identify frontal epileptogenicity. SPES can be useful in patients who have widespread or multiple epileptogenic areas, normal neuroimaging, or few seizures during telemetry.
The primary care management of leiomyoma-induced abnormal uterine bleeding.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common clinical problems occurring in women of reproductive age. Yet, its diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management remain among the most confusing issues faced by clinicians, including nurse practitioners in family practice and women’s health care settings. The problem is a major burden in terms of lost wages, time costs to patients, and the consumption of significant health care resources. Prolonged or heavy bleeding at monthly or shorter intervals was accepted as “part of life” a generation ago, but is not acceptable to women today. Women access health care seeking solutions to this problem, especially when it occurs after the childbearing years, or when a woman’s family is complete. Menometrorrhagia is excessive, prolonged flow without any predictable pattern. Metrorrhagia occurs as light or heavy intermenstrual bleeding. Menorrhagia, or excessive bleeding during the menstrual period, is classified as menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than 7 days or with greater than 80 ml of blood loss, which is equivalent to more than six saturated pads or tampons per day (Lemcke, Pattison, Marshall, & Cowley, 1995). Menorrhagia occurs in 9% to 14% of populations of healthy women, and leiomyomas, or uterine fibroid tumors, account for 20% of these (van Eijkeren, Christiaens, Scholten, & Sixma, 1992). Of those who have leiomyomas, one third complain of menorrhagia (Lemcke et al., 1995). The prevalence of leiomyoma is about 1 in 5 White women and 1 in 3 Black women, and tends to cluster in families (Lemcke et al., 1995).
MOSt-CB: SLA enforcement and smart VNE (Virtual network embedding) in a multi cloud providers environment

Cloud Computing has become in just few years a key consideration for businesses and governments willing to externalize their infrastructure, increase flexibility and reduce the cost of their infrastructure (CAPEX), maintenance and operation (OPEX). Although several commercial solutions are available, there are still numerous issues to solve. Two important aspects to address are the lock-in risk with one Cloud Provider (CP) and the fulfillment of the contractual SLA (Service Level Agreement). In this paper, we propose an integrated approach based on the concept of Broker that takes benefit from different CPs to efficiently embed a complex service into the various available cloud infrastructures. The Broker approach allows Cloud Customer (CC) to be independent from any particular CP while taking benefit from the overall available resources and avoid the lock-in with a particular one. In addition, we leverage the service model to provide Customers with the possibility to request different types of services (e.g. compound service) and propose a solution to fulfill requested Customer SLA in terms of availability, cost and geographic location according to the contracted SLA between the Broker and the CPs. We have implemented the solution in a lab cloud infrastructure and performed several tests and simulations to highlight the benefit of our approach.
Nuclear cyclin D1: An oncogenic driver in human cancer

Perturbations in the regulation of the core cell cycle machinery are frequently observed in human cancers. Cyclin D1 which functions as a mitogenic sensor and allosteric activator of CDK4/6, is one of the more frequently altered cell cycle regulators in cancers. Cyclin D1 is frequently overexpressed in cancers and its overexpression can be attributed to many factors including increased transcription, translation, and protein stability. Although cyclin D1 overexpression is clearly implicated in the affected cancers, overexpression of cyclin D1 is not sufficient to drive oncogenic transformation. Rather, emerging evidence suggests that nuclear retention of cyclin D1 resulting from altered nuclear trafficking and proteolysis is critical for the manifestation of its oncogenicity. This review provides a brief overview of current data documenting various mechanisms underlying aberrant cyclin D1 regulation in human cancers and their impact on neoplastic transformation. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 292–296, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuevos métodos diagnósticos para la detección de virus respiratorios emergentes en población pediátrica

Las infecciones respiratorias agudas lideran la causa de hospitalizacion en lactantes y ninos pequenos en paises desarrollados y es la mayor causa de muertes en paises en vias de desarrollo. En la practica clinica, a menudo no se identifica el virus causante de la infeccion debido a la falta de pruebas sensibles y/o la presencia de agentes patogenos desconocidos. Las pruebas de diagnostico convencionales para infecciones por virus respiratorios incluye el aislamiento del virus en cultivo celular y serologia, que fueron los primeros metodos utilizados para diagnosticar las infecciones por virus respiratorios. Las pruebas basadas en la amplificacion de acidos nucleicos (NAT) para virus respiratorios se introdujeron por primera vez hace dos decadas y hoy en dia se utilizan para la deteccion de los virus respiratorios clasicos y emergentes. Estas pruebas son mas sensibles que otros metodos de diagnostico, como el aislamiento del virus en cultivo celular, cultivo shell vial (SVC), la deteccion de antigenos por inmunofluorescencia directa (DFA) y el inmunoensayo (EIA), que en estos momentos forman la columna vertebral de los laboratorios clinicos en todo el mundo. Dada la importancia de las infecciones de las vias respiratorias en los ninos, esta tesis se centra en la contribucion que las nuevas pruebas de diagnostico han hecho en el aumento de nuestra capacidad para detectar infecciones por virus respiratorios emergentes (metapneumovirus humano, bocavirus humana y la gripe A (H1N1) 2009) y para entender su epidemiologia en la poblacion pediatrica. Esta tesis contribuye al conocimiento de los nuevos virus respiratorios en los ninos, correlacionando los resultados de las nuevas tecnicas con los hallazgos clinicos. Las nuevas tecnicas moleculares e inmunologicas evaluadas en esta tesis se han encontrado utiles para la deteccion de nuevos virus respiratorios. En general, los ensayos de PCR son mas sensibles que los metodos para la deteccion de antigenos. Por otra parte, la inclusion de estrategias de diagnostico basadas en la PCR multiple podria ser utiles para identificar el verdadero significado de las coinfecciones virales. La incorporacion progresiva de tecnicas moleculares en laboratorios clinicos, permitiran un diagnostico precoz y mejor control de la infeccion, previniendo la transmision nosocomial, especialmente en pacientes con factores de riesgo. Sin embargo, es necesario disminuir su coste y equipamiento para que puedan ser utilizadas como tecnicas de deteccion en centros asistenciales. Las nuevas tecnicas estudiadas en esta Tesis amplian las posibilidades para el diagnostico de virus que son indetectables por otros metodos o son dificiles de cultivar. La incorporacion de la deteccion de virus emergente en los laboratorios de microbiologia puede mejorar el diagnostico etiologico de las infecciones de las vias respiratorias en los ninos.
Perceptions of body image among Malaysian male and female adolescents.

INTRODUCTION Body image concerns are common among adolescents as they undergo rapid physical growth and body shape changes. Having a distorted body image is a risk factor for the development of disordered eating behaviours and eating disorders. This study was undertaken to investigate body image concerns among Malaysian male and female adolescents aged 11-15 years. METHODS A total of 2,050 adolescents (1,043 males and 1,007 females) with a mean age of 13.1 +/- 0.8 years from secondary schools in Kedah and Pulau Pinang were included in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect socioeconomic data and body image indicators. RESULTS The majority (87 percent) of the adolescents were concerned with their body shape. While the majority of underweight, normal weight and overweight male and female subjects perceived their body weight status correctly according to their body mass index (BMI), a noteworthy proportion in each category misjudged their body weight. About 35.4 percent of the males and 20.5 percent of the females in the underweight category perceived themselves as having a normal weight, while 29.4 percent and 26.7 percent of the overweight males and females respectively also perceived that they had a normal weight. A higher proportion of the females (20 percent) than males (9 percent) with a normal BMI perceived themselves as fat. Most of the male (78-83 percent) and female subjects (69-74 percent) in all the BMI categories desired to be taller than their current height. An appreciable proportion of both the males (41.9 percent) and females (38.2 percent) preferred to remain thin, or even to be thinner (23.7 percent of males and 5.9 percent of females). Females had a significantly higher mean body dissatisfaction score than males, indicating their preference for a slimmer body shape. More males (49.1 percent) preferred a larger body size while more females (58.3 percent) idealised a smaller body size. Compared to normal weight and underweight subjects, overweight males and females expressed lower confidence and acceptance levels, as well as expressed greater preoccupation with and anxiety over their body weight and shape. CONCLUSION As having a distorted body image may lead to negative effects such as unhealthy eating habits and disordered eating behaviours, it is recommended that appropriate educational efforts on body image be incorporated into school health activities for adolescents.
A Microcollimated Ion Beam Facility for Investigations of the Effects of Low-Dose Radiation

Abstract Gerardi, S. , Galeazzi, G. and Cherubini, R. A Microcollimated Ion Beam Facility for Investigations of the Effects of Low-Dose Radiation. Radiat. Res. 164, 586–590 (2005). Charged-particle microbeams are unique tools to mimic low-dose exposure in vitro by delivering a defined number of particles to single mammalian cells down to only one particle per cell or group of cells. A horizontal single-ion microbeam facility has been built at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 7 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. Different light ions (1H+, 2H+, 3He2+, 4He2+) are available covering a wide range of LET from 7 to 150 keV/μm. Collimators of different geometries and materials have been tested, and beam spots 2–3 μm in diameter have been obtained using a tantalum disc. Cell visualization and recognition are performed with a phase-contrast optical microscope coupled with dedicated software. One unique characteristic of such a system is that neither cell staining nor UV light is used. Cells are automatically positioned on the beam spot through remotely controlled precision XY translation stages. A particle detector is positioned downstream of a specially designed petri dish to perform energy measurements and count particles crossing the cell. A particle counting rate of less than 1 ion/s can be reached. This feature, combined with a fast beam deflection system, ensures high reproducibility in administering a preset number of particles per cell.
Aerodynamic and durational cues of phonological voicing in whisper

This study concerns the phonologization process of fine phonetic details in French, such as segmental durations used as a secondary phonetic information in obstruents voicing. Phonologization is expected when phonetic properties are at least partly dissociated from their physical conditioning. Due to a lack of a physical voicing constraint, the whisper could provide a new paradigm to study this process, by assessing the weight of physical vs linguistic conditioning of the segmental duration of obstruents as function of their phonological voicing. In many languages, the voiced obstruents show shorter durations than unvoiced ones. On the one hand, this phonetic durational difference is usually attributed to the Aerodynamic Voicing Constraint in the vibration of the vocal folds during obstruents. However, this duration contrast due to voicing specification is also phonetically preserved in production in whispered phonation, i.e. without any physical voicing due to the open glottis. On the other hand, it is largely seen as linguistically controlled, because of the important durational difference observed and the role of C duration in the perception of voicing contrast in modal or whispered speech. It is assumed that if the durational contrast of voicing in whisper is produced in absence of a physiological constraint, it would be the evidence of the phonologization of such fine phonetic details.
Verbal and Non-Verbal Elements in Discourse

It is obvious to all of us that human communication includes many non-verbal elements in addition to verbal elements. It is also obvious, even to the casual observer, that the relation between these two types of elements is anything but simple: an individual's facial expression, to take just one example, may 'agree' with his words, reinforce them, contradict them, or have no apparent relationship with them. If we also consider the fact that non-verbal elements of communication are of many different kinds and have seemingly complex relationships among themselves, it becomes clear that the task of examining the interplay of verbal and non-verbal phenomena in discourse is a formidable one. The most fruitful course in this area of research at the present time probably consists in focusing on very limited aspects of verbal and non-verbal communication in order to discover what relationships may exist between them. Needless to say that one should focus on those aspects of verbal and non-verbal behavior that are better known. In this study I will be directing my attention to SYNTACTIC performance and certain types of KINESIC behavior. Syntactic performance refers to the use of grammatical units in discourse. Kinesic behavior consists of such elements as facial expressions and movements of any part of the body. My remarks on the relations between syntactic and kinesic phenomena will be based on the analysis of a filmed psychotherapeutic interview.
E-Consent Design and Implementation Issues for Health Information Managers

This article outlines and discusses a number of e-consent issues concerning an individual's access to information held in electronic health records. Through research conducted with general practices and health consumers, the following issues have been identified: limitation of health professionals' access to records; the ability of the individuals to limit access to their records and to indicate the circumstances within which access would be permitted; the degree of the health professional's awareness of restricted or total access to a patient's record; audit trails through which an individual can track the path of a record; and the individual's nomination of an agent authorised to control access to their record. These issues affect system developments and Health Information Managers, and key challenges to Health Information Managers in the electronic health record environment are also highlighted.