Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex and HIV education programs for youth: their impact and important characteristics.

Sex and HIV education programs that are based on a written curriculum and that are implemented among groups of youth in schools clinics or other community settings are a promising type of intervention to reduce adolescent sexual risk behaviors. This paper summarizes a review of 83 evaluations of such programs in developing and developed countries. The programs typically focused on pregnancy or HIV/STI prevention behaviors not on broader issues of sexuality such as developmental stages gender roles or romantic relationships. The review analyzed the impact these programs had on sexual risk-taking behaviors among young people. It addressed two primary research questions: 1) What are the effects if any of curriculum-based sex and HIV education programs on sexual risk behaviors STI and pregnancy rates and on mediating factors such as knowledge and attitudes that affect those behaviors? 2) What are the common characteristics of the curricula-based programs that were effective in changing sexual risk behaviors? The methods used in this review included three primary activities: 1) comprehensively searching for and retrieving all studies meeting specified criteria 2) coding all the results of those studies and 3) conducting a content analysis of 19 curricula that were clearly effective at changing behavior. (excerpt)
Spatial correlation detection of DDoS attack

DDoS attack flows distributed in many links exhibit directional nature, they are usually generated by certain tools and originate from different nodes, but have inherent dependencies in spatial when transit in network. This will cause correlation between the traffic where they traverse deviate from norm. By taking advantage of this feature, we propose a spatial correlation detection method deploying in backbone network to combat DDoS attack. In doing so, we first approximately estimate abnormality of every origin destination (OD) flow through comparing observations with predictions, then for OD flows with same destination, extracting spatial correlation between their abnormality estimations by principle component analysis(PCA). Abrupt change of spatial correlation indicates DDoS attack occurs. We evaluate the detection performance of our method in detecting synthetic DDoS attack that injected on real backbone traffic through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The contribution of this paper is utilizing spatial correlation between attack flows, rather than the volume of attack purely, facilitates us to detect relatively small attack being masked in tremendous traffic of backbone network. Moreover, contrary to the centralized computation of previous network-wide anomaly detection method, our method can be deployed separately in each node, in such a way that our method can adapt to different size of network, and thus scalable.
Outage probability analysis of an amplify-and-forward cooperative communication system with multi-path channels and max??min relay selection

The authors perform an outage probability analysis of a cooperative communication system which transmits over multi-path channels with best single, or best two relay pair selection and amplify-and-forward two-hop relaying. The probability density function of the multi-path links is modelled in the time domain with an Erlang distribution function. The analytical expressions for the probability density function and cumulative density function of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio are obtained for an arbitrary number of relay nodes and multi-path channel lengths of 2 and 3 with best single and best two relay pair selection from N available relays; from which outage probabilities are calculated. The spatial and temporal cooperative diversity of the network is then analysed. Finally, the theoretical results are compared with simulations to confirm the validity of the analysis, and the advantage of two relay selection is verified through bit error rate evaluation.
Analysis of a new hepatitis C virus type and its phylogenetic relationship to existing variants.

Sequences obtained in the 5' non-coding region (5'NCR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were obtained from Scottish blood donors and compared with previously published HCV sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of three distinct groups of sequences; two of these corresponded to the recently described HCV types 1 and 2 variants, while viral sequences detected in around a third of the blood donors formed a separate phylogenetic group that probably represents infection with a novel virus species. Nucleotide sequences of this latter group differed from all previously published 5'NCR sequence variants by at least 9%. This new virus type also differed considerably from previously published variants in other regions of the viral genome (core, NS-3 and NS-5), with corrected nucleotide distances of 15, 43 and 49% respectively from the prototype HCV-1 sequence. Formal phylogenetic analysis of each of the coding regions confirmed that HCV type 1 variants could be clearly differentiated into regional variants (Far East and U.S.A./European), in contrast to the clearly overlapping geographical distributions of the main HCV types in U.K. blood donors. We discuss the evidence for and against the hypothesis that the three main phylogenetic groups identified in this study represent separate species of HCV.
Students Sitting Medical Finals–-Ready to be House Officers?

An initial survey of students approaching qualification and the preregistration house officer year revealed anxiety about competence in several important clinical skills. A questionnaire study was then undertaken to assess, first, the extent to which students had attained the skills required for the preregistration year and, second, the amount of training in these skills provided during the preregistration year. 122 medical students taking their final examinations were asked about training and practice in eight core clinical skills, and 84 graduates from the same school, approaching the end of their preregistration year, were asked about postgraduate training in these skills. The response rate of each group was 100%. Of the eight skills studied, most had been performed few times by the students at qualification. Less than half the current preregistration house officers could recall training being given in any of the skills studied. There were no significant differences in house-officer training between teaching hospitals and district general hospitals. Regarding needlestick injuries, nearly two-thirds of preregistration house officers were unable to recall any training at either undergraduate or postgraduate level. These results suggest that training in clinical skills can be improved. Training is already changing with use of clinical skills laboratories and logbooks. We also recommend mandatory needlestick training both in undergraduate programmes and in induction courses for preregistration house officers.
Mitochondrial DNA Ligases of Trypanosoma brucei

ABSTRACT The mitochondrial DNA of Trypanosoma brucei, termed kinetoplast DNA or kDNA, consists of thousands of minicircles and a small number of maxicircles catenated into a single network organized as a nucleoprotein disk at the base of the flagellum. Minicircles are replicated free of the network but still contain nicks and gaps after rejoining to the network. Covalent closure of remaining discontinuities in newly replicated minicircles after their rejoining to the network is delayed until all minicircles have been replicated. The DNA ligase involved in this terminal step in minicircle replication has not been identified. A search of kinetoplastid genome databases has identified two putative DNA ligase genes in tandem. These genes (LIG kα and LIG kβ) are highly diverged from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA ligase genes of higher eukaryotes. Expression of epitope-tagged versions of these genes shows that both LIG kα and LIG kβ are mitochondrial DNA ligases. Epitope-tagged LIG kα localizes throughout the kDNA, whereas LIG kβ shows an antipodal localization close to, but not overlapping, that of topoisomerase II, suggesting that these proteins may be contained in distinct structures or protein complexes. Knockdown of the LIG kα mRNA by RNA interference led to a cessation of the release of minicircles from the network and resulted in a reduction in size of the kDNA networks and rapid loss of the kDNA from the cell. Closely related pairs of mitochondrial DNA ligase genes were also identified in Leishmania major and Crithidia fasciculata.
Living in a rural area with advanced chronic respiratory illness: a qualitative study.

AIM To explore the impact of living with advanced chronic respiratory illness in a rural area METHODS Using an interpretive descriptive approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven people living with advanced chronic respiratory illness in a rural area of Western Canada. RESULTS Themes that characterised the experience of living in a rural setting with a chronic obstructive respiratory illness included: a) distance as a barrier to accessing health care; b) relationships with family practice physicians; c) supportive local community; and d) lack of respiratory education and peer support. CONCLUSIONS Whilst living with advanced respiratory illness in a rural area posed some significant challenges, experiences of "place", conceptualised as a web of relationships embedded within a local context, are an important factor in rural residents' decisions to remain in situations where distance may present significant challenges to accessing health care.
Percept assimilation and paranoid severity.

INCREASED attention has recently been given to cognitive performance in paranoid individuals. 1-4 The existence of delusional or false beliefs in people who have relatively intact intellectual and perceptual equipment invites inquiry into the intermediate steps which lead from informational input to hypothesis-formation or, rejection. McReynolds has offered an interesting model for one aspect of the process of delusion-formation in his theory of "unassimilated percepts. " 5 According to this theory, anxiety is a function of the magnitude of unassimilated percepts, and the perceptual process itself is governed by the economic principle of keeping anxiety to a minimum. It might be added that a percept is assimilated when it is judged to be a confirming instance of a belief or hypothesis. The belief in turn aspires to internal consistency with the individual's total belief system. In this scheme, delusional beliefs are formed to reduce anxiety. They do
Unobtrusive Data Retrieval for Providing Individual Assistance in AAL Environments

We present a prototype for a wearable device that measures physiological data in an unobtrusive way. The aim is to utilize changes in these physiological patterns to infer about the user’s affective state which is used as a evidential source of contextual information for recognizing activities of daily living (ADL) in an ambient assisted living (AAL) environment. We describe the device, compare it to a commercial stationary solution and give an outlook on possible scenarios for its application.
Model predictive control for drum water level of boiler systems

In this paper, the problem of model predictive control for drum water level of boiler systems is investigated. The parameter uncertainties are time-varying norm-bounded and the non-linearity is assumed to satisfy the boundedness condition. The aim is to design a state-feedback controller which minimizes an upper bound on a quadratic objective function at each sampling instant. The hard constraint on the variance of the input is also considered. By linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, sufficient conditions are obtained, which guarantee the robustly asymptotic stability of the closed-loop feedback system. An example of a boiler drum system is included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Deep Uncertainty Interpretation in Dyadic Human Activity Prediction

We propose a deep learning framework to analyse the uncertainty associated with dyadic human activities at a small temporal granularity. Such time-slice analysis is able to infer human behaviours from short-term observations. Instead of classifying time-slices into k classes of activities, we report to what degree of certainty each activity is occurring from definitely not occurring to definitely occurring. To this end, we extract CNN-based unary probabilities and pairwise relations between body joints. The unary term gives cues on the local appearance while the pairwise term captures the contextual relations between the parts. We extract the features from each frame in a timeslice and examine different temporal aggregation schemes to generate a descriptor for the whole time-slice. Evaluations on the TAP dataset which is well-suited for time-slice activity analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for the task of uncertainty analysis in activity prediction.
XXX Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados - Short Papers, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, October 13-16, 2015

Workflow patterns (WfPs) have guided the design and implementation of Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) for at least ten years. However, most of the PAISs are still not able to support the complex behaviors defined by WfPs. In this paper, we argue that a flexible PAIS that integrates the perspectives (activities, events, and data) and ensures transactional properties can widely support these behaviors. The first step to support this argument is the design of polymorphic structures to synthesize the split and join WfPs. These polymorphic structure are created by the primitive components of WED-flow approach. Resumo. Os padrões de workflow têm orientado projetos e implementações dos PAISs na última década. Entretanto, a maioria dos PAISs ainda não é capaz de apoiar os comportamentos complexos expressos pelos padrões. Neste artigo, argumenta-se que um PAIS flexı́vel, que integre as perspectivas de atividades, de eventos e de dados, e que garanta propriedades transacionais, é capaz de representar esses comportamentos complexos. O primeiro passo para sustentar esse argumento é o projeto de estruturas polimórficas que sintetizam todos os comportamentos de disjunção e junção. Essas estruturas polimórficas são descritas usando os componentes básico da abordagem WED-flow. 1. Introdução A representação computacional de um processo cientı́fico e de negócio por meio de Sistemas de Informação Cientes de Processos (PAISs, do inglês Process-Aware Information Systems [Reichert and Weber 2012]) contempla diferentes dimensões [Curtis et al. 1992]. Entre elas, a dimensão comportamental é aquela que explora as caracterı́sticas comportamentais do processo para definir o fluxo de execução das atividades (controle do fluxo). Nessa dimensão, os padrões de workflow exercem um papel importante ao prover abstrações de controle de fluxo independente de linguagem. Entre esses padrões, destacam-se os 43 padrões de controle de fluxo propostos em [van der Aalst et al. 2003, Russell et al. 2006]. Além disso, nesse trabalho, alguns PAISs comerciais foram avaliados de acordo com os padrões propostos. Como resultado, essa avaliação revelou que os PAISs são somente capazes de implementar os comportamentos simples. Neste artigo, argumenta-se que há três possı́veis caracterı́sticas que dificultam um PAIS contemplar todos os comportamentos definidos pelos padrões. A primeira delas 30th SBBD – Posters – ISSN 2316-5170 October 13-16, 2015 – Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil
[Chronic respiratory symptomatology and obstructive syndrome in workers of a chemical industry].

The main purpose of the study was to asses the frequency and distribution of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and airflow obstruction among workers employed in the chemical industry. Our special interest was focused on finding out the high risk groups in various plants and an attempt had been made to determine to what extent the occurrence of symptoms could have been attributed to the occupational exposure after excluding age and smoking habit as confounding variables. The epidemiological data concerned 4717 male workers of the chemical complex situated near Cracow, Poland. The epidemiological study covered interviews, spirometric testing and anthropometric measurements. Environmental assessment had been done done simultaneously in all occupational post over the whole chosen week in all shifts. The symptoms of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma as well as airflow obstruction occurred most frequently in older persons and in those being smokers. The prevalence rates of bronchial asthma and airflow obstruction was higher than in the general population of inhabitants of Cracow and this substantial excess could be attributed to the specific occupational environment. The detailed analysis performed showed in a clear way that chronic bronchitis is not a risk factor in the development of airflow obstruction but taking into account the fact that bronchial asthma had negative impact on the natural history of airflow obstruction, industrial physicians should take up adequate prophylactic measures concerning persons with asthmatic symptoms or its history in the past. The most intriguing results of our study give an evidence that styrene and methyl methacrylate develop strong harmful effect on the lung tissue. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A fault tolerant control strategy for dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system based on frequency domain analysis

Nowadays, with the development of More-Electric/All-Electric aircraft and hybrid/pure electric vehicles, the high reliability of motor servo system is required. Redundancy technique is one of the most effective methods to improve the reliability and performance of servo systems. In this paper, the mathematical model of the dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP PMSM) is established based on complex frequency domain analysis. The fault diagnosis method based on residual analysis of state variables and dual redundancy mode/single redundancy mode switch running fault tolerant control strategy are proposed. The results of simulation verify the validity of the method.
Iron uptake by Pasteurella piscicida and its role in pathogenicity for fish

We evaluated the iron uptake mechanisms in Pasteurella piscicida strains as well as the effect of iron overload on the virulence of these strains for fish. With this aim, the capacity of the strains to obtain iron from transferrin and heme compounds as well as their ability to overcome the inhibitory activity of fish serum was analyzed. All the P. piscicida strains grew in the presence of the iron chelator ethylene-diamine-di (O-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) or of human transferrin, which was used by a siderophore-mediated mechanism. The chemical tests and cross-feeding assays showed that P. piscicida produced a siderophore which was neither a phenolate nor a hydroxamate. Cross-feeding assays as well as preliminary chromatographic analysis suggest that this siderophore may be chemically related to multocidin. All the P. piscicida isolates utilized hemin and hemoglobin as an iron source, since the virulence of the strains increased when the fish were preinoculated with these compounds. This effect was stronger in the avirulent strains (50% lethal dose was reduced by 4 logs when fish were pretreated with hemin or hemoglobin). Only the pathogenic P. piscicida isolates were resistant to the bactericidal action of the fresh fish serum. The nonpathogenic strains grew in fish serum only when it was heat-inactivated or when it was supplemented with ferric ammonium citrate, hemin, or hemoglobin. In all the strains, at least three iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) (105, 118, and 145 kDa) were increased when the strains were cultured in iron-restricted medium. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Some aspects of recombination in eukaryotic organisms.

The overall understanding of the process of recombination in eukaryotes has not changed very much since the reviews of Holliday (I, 2), Emerson (3), White­ house (4), and Stadler (5). The basic working model is that a recombination event consists of the formation of lengths of hybrid DNA, or heteroduplex, extending from outside the gene 0n one or two chromatids and ending at a variable position within the gene. Within these lengths, heterozygosity may be resolved by the removal of a length of either nucleotide chain, and its replace­ ment by replication that uses the other chain as a template. Failure to remove the heterozygosity results in postmeiotic segregation. The configuration is re­ solved so that it may lead to crossing-over or to conversion without crossing-over. Attempts to define the events of formation and resolution of the heteroduplex in molecular terms are too numerous to mention and seem to serve merely to show that the process is possible. Gajewski et al (6) questioned the assumption that postmeiotic segregation has to represent the survival through meiosis of a heteroduplex. Stahl (7) showed that it was possible to make a model that produced non-Mendelian ratios of alleles without involving excision repair of heterozygosity. Paszewski (8) offered a model that gave conversion by nucleo­ tide chain displacement, without involving repair mechanisms. His model is very similar to one proposed at the same time by Boon & Zinder (9) for bacteriophage recombination. It is quite common to read that Stahl and Paszewski must be wrong, because it is not possible to explain allele-specific effects without postulating that the heterozygosity induces a repair process. Since some marker effects appear to act at a level other than repair of heterozygosity (see below) it would seem that excision repair models have the same problem and that this objection to nonexcision repair models is not valid. However, the work of Leblon & Rossignol (10) reported below makes excision repair the most attractive hypothesis. Progress has been made in several aspects of eukaryote recombination that
Application of Nanosphere Lithography to LED Surface Texturing and to the Fabrication of Nanorod LED Arrays

In this study, the process of nanosphere lithography was developed and applied to LED surface texturing and nanorod device fabrication. We observed a texture-size-dependent improvement of total light output. While the increase of output optical power from the textured LEDs can be attributed to surface roughening in the GaN-air surface and to the increase of internal quantum efficiency as the strain is relaxed with the surface texturing, the size-dependent device performance is related to the interaction of generated photons with the textured surface. We further etched through the p-GaN and quantum well region to form p-i-n nanorods on the sample. By inserting a spacer to prevent p-type contact from shorting the n-GaN, we successfully demonstrated nanorod LED arrays. For such a device, a narrower radiation profile was demonstrated from the nanorod LED array as compared with that from the planar LED. The result is associated with the vertical guiding effect along the nanorod cylinder and the Bragg scattering of photons extracted from the sidewall by the rest of the rods. Furthermore, the electroluminescence spectra showed a nearly constant peak wavelength of the nanorod LED arrays, which is due to the suppression of the effect of quantum confined Stark effect.
THE ORTHOPHORIZATION OF HETEROPHORIA

Abstract The distribution of heterophoria within the general population is significantly non‐normal and a high incidence of approximate orthophoria is observed. This observation has been named the orthophorization of heterophoria. It has been suggested that prism adaptation is the mechanism underlying orthophorization. A prolonged occlusion experiment has been used to investigate this possibility and further supports this theory.