Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Illite/smectite diagenesis and thermal evolution of Lower Cretaceous–Paleogene successions in the Dolna Kamchiya Depression, Eastern Bulgaria

The diagenesis of mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) minerals in Lower Cretaceous–Paleogene successions from the Dolna Kamchiya Depression was studied, using X-ray diffraction analysis of the clay fraction (<2 μm) from core samples. The proportion of illite in I/S and degree of ordering increase with depth irrespective of the geological age, indicating that highly expandable I/S compositions were progressively illitized during the burial evolution. Lowest smectite values are recorded in the Lower Cretaceous deposits, whereas in the Paleogene sections are documented great regional variations in the I/S mineralogy, caused by differential basin subsidence. The transition from randomly interstratified (R0) to R1-ordered I/S occurs between depths of 2200 m and 2400 m, and crosscuts the major stratigraphic boundaries. The variable patterns of I/S depth profiles resulted from the combined influence of temperature, burial history, sedimentation and subsidence rates, and basin geodynamic types on diagenesis. The rapid increase in illite content in the I/S clays across the main unconformities reflects the great thickness of eroded sediments during uplift and denudation events and/or elevated heat flow. The reconstructed palaeogeothermal gradient for the Eocene after corrections for decompaction and erosion would correspond to the values for foreland basin settings reported in the literature. Application of the I/S geothermometer to the Lower Cretaceous–Paleogene rocks demonstrates a general trend of increased organic maturity toward southeast in relatively isochronous deposits. The new results appear to be the first record for the effect of a multiphase basin evolution on the smectite illitization in sedimentary successions from the Dolna Kamchiya Depression. Stefanov, Y. 2018. Illite/smectite diagenesis and thermal evolution of Lower Cretaceous–Paleogene successions in the Dolna Kamchiya Depression, Eastern Bulgaria. Geologica Balcanica, 47 (1), 3–21.
The Twofold Effect of Customer Retention in Freemium Settings

The main tradeoff in designing freemium services is how much of the product to offer for free. At the heart of such a tradeoff is the balancing act of providing a valuable free product in order to acquire and engage consumers, while making the free product limited enough to entice some consumers to pay for the service. We argue that customer retention plays an important role in balancing this tradeoff, due to customer retention’s twofold effect in freemium services—it not only generates additional revenues from the advertising side but can also increase user’s monetization in the future—firms are often myopic in their retention efforts by not recognizing that by limiting the free product, the firm is not only risking monetary losses from the advertising side but is also suffering monetary losses from the premium side. <br><br>We leverage a large-scale field experiment run in a mobile game context, where game difficulty was exogenously manipulated among customers at risk of churning. As expected, giving customers an easier game significantly decreases purchases in the specific round played. However, lowering the game difficulty not only increases short-term play and subsequent retention, but also increases customer spending from premium services both in the short- and in the long-run. We find substantial heterogeneity in the effect of reducing game difficulty, where customers who are more prone to making progress in the games exhibit stronger effects and customers who previously spent money on the game exhibit the strongest effect on in-app purchases. We leverage these insights to recommend personalized freemium product design strategies and show how the focal firm can further increase revenues from both advertising and premium services. <br>
Absolute and convective instabilities in open shear layers - II. Magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium

In the present paper we study the absolute and convective nature of instabilities in open shear flows by carrying out fully non-linear adiabatic 2-D hydrodynamic numerical simulations. The purpose is to identify what influences an instability to become from absolutely to convectively unstable or vice-versa. First we study the case of incompressible fluid approximation and compare our results with the analytic solution of Huerre & Monkewitz (1985). Next we derive the eect of compressibility and of viscosity on the transition from absolute to convective instability of an open shear flow. We found, numerically, the value of the mean flow for which perturbations change from absolutely to convectively unstable. We fully recover the results of the approximate analytic solution. We found that an inviscid incompressible fluid is the most unstable configuration. We also found that compressibility and viscosity decrease the value of the mean flow for which the transition from absolute to convective instability occurs, and that viscosity has a stronger influence than compressibility.
Extradural minipterional approach for giant intracranial aneurysms

Background: The clinical applicability of the minipterional (MPT) craniotomy is still limited to small and superficial anterior circulation aneurysms. We discuss the technical nuances of a modified MPT approach, the extradural MPT approach (eMPTa), for the treatment of a giant intracranial aneurysm (GIA) arising from the paraclinoid carotid artery. Case Description: A 44-year-old female presented with facial hypoesthesia and third cranial nerve palsy. Further investigations revealed the presence of a 27 mm aneurysm arising from the communicating segment of the internal carotid artery. The patient underwent surgical clipping through an extradural MPT craniotomy and combined anterior clinoidectomy. Postoperative angio-computed tomography demonstrated complete aneurysm occlusion and patency of the parent vessels. The patient recovered fully from her previous deficits. Conclusion: The skull base drilling, interdural dissection, and anterior clinoidectomy are key steps during the eMPTa that optimizes the use of the extradural corridor. Such adaptations are enough to improve the surgical maneuverability along the paraclinoid region and adapt the MPT suitability for the treatment of complex GIA.
IgM Profile of Patients Suspected to Have Toxoplasmosis among Bad Obstetrics History Group Attending at Integral Institute of Medical Science & Research, Integral University, Lucknow

Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular parasite i.e. Toxoplasma gondii. It is a pathogen of TORCH group which is responsible of congenital infection. TORCH is comprising of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and other (Varicella-Zoster virus infection, Syphilis, Parvovirus B19, Hepatitis B),Aim & Objective: Detection of Toxoplasma IgM antibodies of BOH patients attending Integral Institute of Medical Sciences& Research Lucknow and to corelate present study finding with other National & International level data on IgM Toxoplasma studies. Method: Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant female with fetal congenital malformation in present pregnancy and pregnant females with Bad obstetric history (BOH) attending Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & research using ELISA test for Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. The research was approved by institutional ethical committee. Result: In our study, the overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgM antibody was 7.40% (6/81) Out of 81 majority of patients (43.20%) belonged to non-pregnant patients with BOH, followed by (32.09%) patients belonged to pregnant patients with BOH and (24.69%) patients belonged to patients who came for their first antenatal checkup. Conclusion: Our study gave us a clue about IgM status i.e. recent infection, made us wiser in formulating control measures for the prevention of Toxoplasmosis.
Physiological impacts of early defoliation on the cold hardiness of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) 'Sultana'

Low winter temperatures are one of the limiting factors of grape production worldwide. This study was undertaken to inquire about the effects of postharvest early defoliation on the cold hardiness of grapevine. The grapevines samples, cv. Sultana, were defoliated at two stages (10 and 25 days after harvest), and then they were compared with natural leaf fall. Cane samples were collected in December 2017 and February 2018, and analyzed in terms of water content, soluble carbohydrate, and proline concentrations in both bud and cane tissues. The samples were then subjected to freezing treatments i. e. -8, -12, -15, -18, -21, and -24 °C for evaluating the levels of cold hardiness. Based on these results, early defoliation reduced proline and soluble carbohydrate concentrations but increased the water content compared to the control. Leaf removal also decreased abscisic acid concentration in the bud samples. Investigation of cold hardiness by electrolyte leakage and tetrazolium staining examinations showed that the defoliation decreased cold hardiness. Results demonstrated that leaf removal between the growing season and the beginning of the acclimation stage decreased the metabolite concentration in buds and canes and resulted to a reduction of cold hardiness.
Systems of intensive vertical vortices in turbulent atmosphere

At certain conditions a system of well-separated quasi-point vortices can appear in twodimensional turbulence. Such system contains main part (almost entire) of the flow enstrophy (mean squared vorticity). Spectral properties of the two-dimensional turbulence in the presence of the system of the quasi-point vortices have been studied using notion of the distributed chaos. Results of direct numerical simulations of decaying turbulence, of turbulence with small-scale forcing, of quasi-geostrophic turbulence with thermal damping and of turbulent thermal convection on a sphere as well as results of the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP, using commercial aircraft) measurements in the tropospheric and stratospheric turbulence over mountainous terrain (the small-scale forcing) have been used for this purpose.
Infrastructure for Artificial Intelligence, Quantum and High Performance Computing

High Performance Computing (HPC), Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML), and Quantum Computing (QC) and communications offer immense opportunities for innovation and impact on society. Researchers in these areas depend on access to computing infrastructure, but these resources are in short supply and are typically siloed in support of their research communities, making it more difficult to pursue convergent and interdisciplinary research. Such research increasingly depends on complex workflows that require different resources for each stage. This paper argues that a more-holistic approach to computing infrastructure, one that recognizes both the convergence of some capabilities and the complementary capabilities from new computing approaches, be it commercial cloud to Quantum Computing, is needed to support computer science research.
Downrange manoeuvre and oscillation suppression of a self-regulating centrifugally deployed flexible heat shield using a controlled reaction wheel

A recent study has introduced a flexible deployable heat shield that passively deploys and stiffens due to centrifugal forces generated from a self-regulated autorotation. This paper demonstrates that the heat shield is similar to a PI controlled second order nonlinear system, which explains why the deployment is accompanied by a limit cycle structural oscillation that persists throughout a simulated re-entry. The heat shield design offers an unique capability to actively adjust the deployment using conventional attitude control devices. This operation is explored by simulating the re-entry of a CubeSat-sized vehicle equipped with an off-the-shelf reaction wheel controlled by a switching phase shift controller and gain-scheduled controllers. The effects of the control parameters are investigated, and successful oscillation suppression as well as an open-loop downrange manoeuvre of over 300 km is predicted for re-entry from low earth orbit.
Place and type of delivery along with assistance during delivery among women residing in a village in South Delhi: Low performance pocket within a high performing state

Background: Various initiatives have been taken under the National Health Mission to improve coverage of institutional deliveries. Yet there are disparities in the proportion of institutional deliveries between states. A high proportion of non-institutional deliveries was noted in a village under PHC Fatehpur Beri in South Delhi. Aims and Objectives: To study the place, assistance and type of deliveries in this village during the years 2007 to 2016 which is the period when several initiatives were taken up to promote institutional deliveries. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kharak village under PHC, Fatehpur Beri in which data on place and year of delivery, assistance during delivery, type and outcome of deliveries in the period 2007 to 2016 were collected. In analysis, the data for two five year periods were compared using Fishers exact test and odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Trends were assessed by using Mantel-Haenszel test. Changes in the delivery characteristics of two consecutive deliveries were assessed. Results: Of the 312 deliveries, 106 (34%) were institutional deliveries out of which 98 (92%) were in public hospitals. A total of 113 (36%) were assisted by doctors and nurses 44 (14%) were caesarean section deliveries. The proportion of institutional deliveries had increased significantly from 23% in the years 2007-2012 to 42 % in the period 2012 to 2016. [X2=11.76, df=1, p=0.001, OR=2.37(1.44-3.91)]. The proportion of women assisted by trained health professionals during the deliveries also showed a significant rise from 26% to 44% between these time periods. [X2=11.39, df =1, p=0.001, OR=2.3(1.41-3.75)] There was no significant difference in the proportion of caesarean section deliveries between the two study periods. [X2=0.167, df=1, p=0.683, OR=0.87(0.46-1.66)]. There was a significant increase in the proportion of institutional deliveries over the ten year period from 23% to 56% [X2=17.84, df=1, p=0.00]. Conclusion: There are pockets of poor performance on institutional deliveries within high performing states. There is increasing trend in institutional deliveries and assistance by trained health professional in the village but there is huge scope to improve the coverage to match the state and national figures. There is a need to identify the challenges and customize interventions to address them in such pockets
Job Market Signalling Via Social Ties

When there is asymmetric information about abilities of applicants, employees can “signal”—recommendation letter or put in a good word—some of this information to firms by recommending applicants they personally know. I consider how employees strategically transmit information to firms when there are both gratitude benefits for recommendations and reputation costs for providing inaccurate information. Unlike the classic setting of job market signalling by applicants, senders (employees) can now have imperfect information about abilities and my analysis builds upon this feature. I then develop two applications of this model which consider the strategic “selections” of ties and hiring channels by applicants. This allows me to help explain mixed evidences about the returns to using different types of ties (weak vs strong) and hiring channels (formal market vs social tie), as well as the relatively higher use of social ties by low skill/ability applicants.
An Intelligent Context Aware Recommender System For Real-Estate

Finding products and items in large online space that meet the user needs is diﬃcult. Users may spend a considerable amount of time before ﬁnding item relevant to their needs. Like many other economic branches, growing Internet usage also change user behavior in the real-estate market. Advancement in virtual reality oﬀers a virtual tour, interactive maps, ﬂoor plans that make an online rental website popular among users. With an abundance of information, recommender systems become more than ever important to suggest the user with relevant property and reduce search time. A sophisticated recommender in this domain can assist the need of a real-estate agent. Session-based user behavior, lack of user proﬁle leads to the use of traditional recommendation methods. In this research, we proposed an approach for real-estate recommendation based on Gated Orthogonal Recurrent Unit (GORU) and Weighted Cosine Similarity. GORU captures the user searching context and weighted cosine similarity improves the rank of pertinent property. To conduct this research, we have used the data of an online public real estate web portal 4 . The factual data represents the original behavior of the user on an online portal. We have used Recall, User coverage and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) metric for the evaluation of our system against other state-of-the-art techniques. Proposed solution outperforms various baselines and state-of-the-art RNN based solutions.
Automatic slowness vector measurements of seismic arrivals with uncertainty estimates using bootstrap sampling, array methods and unsupervised learning

Horizontal slowness vector measurements using array techniques have been used to analyse many Earth phenomena from lower mantle heterogeneity to meteorological event location. While providing observations essential for studying much of the Earth, slowness vector analysis is limited by the necessary and subjective visual inspection of observations. Furthermore, it is challenging to determine the uncertainties caused by limitations of array processing such as array geometry, local structure, noise and their effect on slowness vector measurements. To address these issues, we present a method to automatically identify seismic arrivals and measure their slowness vector properties with uncertainty bounds. We do this by bootstrap sampling waveforms, therefore also creating random sub arrays, then use linear beamforming to measure the coherent power at a range of slowness vectors. For each bootstrap sample, we take the top N peaks from each power distribution as the slowness vectors of possible arrivals. The slowness vectors of all bootstrap samples are gathered and the clustering algorithm DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) is used to identify arrivals as clusters of slowness vectors. The mean of slowness vectors in each cluster gives the slowness vector measurement for that arrival and the distribution of slowness vectors in each cluster gives the uncertainty estimate. We tuned the parameters of DBSCAN using a data set of 2489 SKS and SKKS observations at a range of frequency bands from 0.1 to 1 Hz. We then present examples at higher frequencies (0.5–2.0 Hz) than the tuning data set, identifying PKP precursors, and lower frequency by identifying multipathing in surface waves (0.04–0.06 Hz). While we use a linear beamforming process, this method can be implemented with any beamforming process such as cross correlation beamforming or phase weighted stacking. This method allows for much larger data sets to be analysed without visual inspection of data. Phenomena such as multipathing, reflections or scattering can be identified automatically in body or surface waves and their properties analysed with uncertainties.
Géométrie de contact: de la dimension trois vers les dimensions supérieures

On d\'ecrit ici des relations entre la g\'eom\'etrie globale des vari\'et\'es de contact closes et celle de certaines vari\'et\'es symplectiques, \`a savoir les vari\'et\'es de Stein compactes. L'origine de ces relations est l'existence de livres ouverts adapt\'es aux structures de contact. We discuss relations between the global geometry of closed contact manifolds and the geometry of compact symplectic Stein manifolds that they bound. The origin of these relations is the existence of open book decompositions adapted to contact structures.
Santabarbaraite: a new amorphous phosphate mineral

SantabarbaraiteisanewamorphousferricironhydroxyphosphatehydratefromValdarno,Tuscany,Italy,thetypelocality, and Wannon Falls, Victoria, Australia. The mineral is the result of in situ oxidation of vivianite, occurring as pseudomorphs after vivianite crystals that are up to 3 mm across in concretionary nodules at the type locality and somewhat larger at Wannon Falls. Santabarbaraite is brown to light-brown in hand specimen, but appears yellowish amber under the microscope and has a similar streak. It is translucent with a distinct vitreous to greasy lustre and is nonfluorescent. It is brittle with a distinct parting along the perfect cleavage of vivianite. The hardness was not measured but the measured density of the type material is 2.42 g/cm 3 . Optically isotropic, the mineral has a refractive index of 1.695(5). The empirical formula for the type material is (Fe 2.64Mn0.13Mg0.07) (PO4)2 (OH)2.45 · 5.1H2O, giving a simplified formula of Fe 3+ 3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O. Santabarbaraite from both localities was analysed by severaltechniques of X-ray absorption (XANES andEXAFS)and infrared spectroscopy,aswell asDTA,DTG and TG.The results showthat all the Fein santabarbaraiteistrivalent,associated with thepresenceof both H 2O andhydroxyl. Thisisconsistent withan oxidation series from vivianite through metavivianite to santabarbaraite, involving progressive oxidation of Fe 2+ accompanied by conversion of H 2O ligands to OH ions. Such a process leads to a gradual collapse of the vivianite structure as hydrogen bonds are eliminated.Santabarbaraiteistheendproductofthisprocessandcanbethusconsideredthephosphorusanalogueofferrisymplesite.
Magnesium and Hip Fractures: An Overlooked Macro Mineral?

Methods: Relevant data concerning this topic sought from three well-established preselected electronic data bases housing English language research or commentary reports published over the last 40 years (1980 2020) were carefully examined. Reviewed specifically were representative recent studies and reviews, including their conclusions regarding the possible relevance of efforts to assess and treat magnesium deficits in the context of hip fracture prevention among the elderly.
Legacies of an ice-age world may explain the contemporary biogeographical provinces of corals

This study hindcast the geographic distribution of 18 Indo-Pacific scleractinian coral species, with different sensitivities to modern heat stress, into the last glacial maximum (LGM), some 18,000 years ago, when sea-surface temperatures were 2–4 o C cooler and sea level was ~130 m lower than on contemporary reefs. Identifying geographic provinces from the past may provide clues into genetic affiliations through time and provide some insight into how some coral species might respond to contemporary climate change. Coral habitat in the Indo-Pacific was reduced by 70% in the LGM. We identified five Indo-Pacific biogeographical provinces for corals during the LGM — (i) the western Indian Ocean, (ii) Southeast Asia, (iii) Indonesia and northwestern Australia, (iv) northeastern Australia and the Pacific Islands, and (v) the eastern Pacific. These provinces align with provinces recently identified using genetic markers. Given that the Quaternary was dominated by glacial conditions, the distributional legacies left through glacial dominance over that 2.6 million-year period may have also left evolutionary legacies. These glacial legacies may explain why contemporary corals live close to their upper thermal thresholds, which in turn have major consequences as we move into unprecedented rates of ocean warming. species distribution modeling, refugia, last glacial maximum, biogeographical provinces.