Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling in myelination

Demyelinating conditions such as multiple sclerosis have a continued unmet need for remyelinating therapies. Myelin is a multi-lamellar membrane structure made by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that is critical for saltatory conduction and neuronal health. The simultaneous ensheathment of multiple axons with myelin confers a radically increased load on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from which membrane proteins and lipids are made. ER stress signalling triggers a conserved, homeostatic signalling system known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) which can increase ER capacity or initiate apoptosis according to stress severity. Despite recognition of the substantial synthetic demands placed on oligodendrocytes, the role of ER stress signalling and the UPR has not previously been fully investigated. In this work, cerebellar tracts were used to exemplify the temporal dynamics of myelination. The cerebellum is an eloquent anatomical region of high clinical relevance to MS and a widely-used model of myelination, however the majority of studies do not take into account the well-established heterogeneity of its parasagittal domains. Therefore this work has combined a comprehensive profile of ER stress and UPR-associated markers with respect to the developing and adult cerebellum in the cortex as well as in white matter tracts. It then investigated the function of these pathways during oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro. UPR signalling was found to be unaltered between parasagittal domains of the cerebellum, suggesting it is not an intrinsic factor in patterned neurodegeneration as previously indicated. Distinct UPR profiles were associated with specific cell-types during development and highlighted transient, proliferative subpopulations in germinal niches of the cerebellum. Actively myelinating cerebellar tracts showed selective upregulation of ATF6 and IRE1 signalling in the absence of PERK activation. In addition, high basal expression of ATF6 and ER-resident chaperones was observed in mature oligodendrocytes, indicating the usage of a nuanced UPR. Modulators of UPR signalling were tested on differentiating OPCs in vitro and impairments to oligodendrocyte maturation were observed. Changes in myelin gene expression, however, did not correlate with UPR markers. This work supports the activation of the UPR during myelination and highlights how approaches to the study of the UPR may be challenging in current models. This work draws attention to how myelin synthesis is facilitated by the ER of oligodendrocytes which merits further study.
Dimensional consistency of SLM printed orthopaedic implants designed using lightweight structures

To solve the stress shielding problem in the orthopaedic implants applications, lightweight lattice structures were designed to optimize the internal of the implants. The variation of truss size of lattices can affect the mechanical performances of implants. Also the printed dimension of the shell is closely related to the fitting of implants, and its thickness will again affect the mechanical property of the printed implants. In this study, high resolution X-ray computed tomography was used to quantitatively investigate the consistency of the dimensions in the designed and printed orthopaedic implants.
A fuzzy and spline based dynamic histogram equalization for contrast enhancement of brain images

In general, medical images acquired at insufficient lighting conditions are suffering from low contrast issues which are inadequate for image analysis steps. One standard solution to improve the image contrast is to change its intensity distribution with the help of an image histogram. The histogram‐based contrast enhancement methods treat the images as regions rather than objects which would be more useful for applications like brain image enhancement. In this paper, a Fuzzy and Spline based Histogram Equalization (FSDHE) is proposed to perform contrast enhancement with medical images. The proposed FSDHE method partitions the image into connected components, and the type of components are identified with a fuzzy membership function. The dynamic histogram equalization is applied to each component individually. The equalized sub‐histograms are combined to drive the global histogram, which is inconsistent as dynamic histogram equalization treated the intensity range for each connected component differently. Hence, a spline‐based histogram smoothing is proposed here in this research work. The equalized intensity mapping is received as control points for the polynomial curve, and a smooth intensity transformation is interpolated as a spline curve. The proposed FSDHE model is analyzed with MRI‐brain image dataset of 3064 images, which consists of both benign and malignant cases. The contrast enhancement performance of the proposed FSDHE method is quantified by various measures like Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Contrast (C), Weber Contrast (WC), Entropy, Hausdorff Distance (HD) and Texture Preservation (TP) measures. The performance of the FSDHE method is compared against with other histogram equalization methods, and the results indicate that the FSDHE method achieves better quality measures of 3.1401, 30.5499, 21.5486, 0.7779, 4.0252, 0.2777, and 0.7836 for the seven‐performance metrics.
Antimicrobial Activity of Honeys from Nsukka and Ugwuaji in Enugu State, on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Wound

Studies were carried out to determine the anti-microbial activity of honeys from Nsukka and Ugwuaji in Enugu State, on three selected pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes) isolated from wound. The antibacterial sensitivity test was carried out using well diffusion method. The inhibitory efficiency of the honey samples on the growth of the tested organisms increased with increase in concentration from 20 to 100%. Staphylococcus aureus (3.88 – 22.61mm) was the most sensitive to the honey samples while Streptococcus pyogenes (1.26 – 13.26mm) was the less sensitive. The zone diameters of inhibitions of the organisms at different concentrations of the honey samples were found to be statistically significant. The inhibition efficiency of the honey samples on the growth of the tested organisms was found to be dependent on concentration and type of honey used and the nature of the tested organisms.
Human cochlear microanatomy – an electron microscopy and super-resolution structured illumination study and review

Abstract Objective Studies of the human cochlea are particularly challenging due its exceptional vulnerability and surrounding hard bone. Swift fixation and mild decalcification are necessary to maintain its structural integrity and preserve antigenicity. Such procedures may allow immunohistochemistry, gene analyses, and molecular imaging using super resolution illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) with nanometer resolution. Design This presentation updates recent studies of the human cochlear microanatomy and immunohistochemistry by our laboratory, discussed in the context of current and past anatomic findings and the available literature. Results Human studies are necessary, and there are intriguing discrepancies compared with experimental animal studies, highlighting that “men are not simply big mice. ” The results may improve our understanding of the function of the human hearing organ, the diseases related to it, and how this better understanding can be extended to impact future treatment. Conclusion The first human inner ear gene therapy trials are in progress, and the accessibility of human cochlear tissue for future stem cell treatment and gene transfer needs further elucidation.
Vertical Structure of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies with Implications for Parameterizations of Tracer Transport

The Gent–McWilliams parameterization is commonly used in global ocean models to model the advective component of tracer transport effected by unresolved mesoscale eddies. The vertical structure of the transfer coefficient in this parameterization is studied using data from a 0.1° resolution global ocean‐ice simulation. The vertical structure is found to be well approximated by a baroclinic mode structure with no flow at the bottom, though horizontal anisotropy is crucial for obtaining a good fit. This vertical structure is motivated by reference to the vertical structure of mesoscale eddy velocity and density anomalies, which are also diagnosed from the data.
Searching Behavior of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Response to Mealybug Sex Pheromones

Abstract Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a predatory insect widely commercialized for the augmentative biological control of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Though visual factors that guide this predator to its prey have been reported, the chemical cues that they may also use have not been well studied. In this study, the response of C. montrouzieri to synthetic sex pheromone of two mealybug species, Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), were assessed through Y-tube olfactometer and characterization of searching behavior with a video-tracking system. In the olfactometer, both C. montrouzieri males and females showed a significant response to the pheromones of both mealybug species separately. The searching behavior differs depending on the pheromone species, with a shorter total distance, reduction of mean velocity and higher meander with the pheromone stimulus of P. calceolariae when compared to P. viburni. Therefore, it is shown that this predator responds to the pheromone stimuli of its prey, and can do it in a species-specific way. These results can have a practical application through the use of pest pheromones to attract predators to a crop as part of an integrated pest management program.
Collaborative Tourist Information Sharing System

The task of the planning phase prior to travelling is always undervalued as an effort that takes time to create and manage. Finding locations that are good to visit is hard as people do not always know whether what they are reading is true or whether it is forged to give the impression that it is good when it is actually not. Research regarding the process of searching for information about locations does not receive considerate attention from researchers, resulting in limited studies about the topic in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed at bridging the gap by designing and developing a web app (application) for sharing information of interesting locations. The evolutionary prototyping methodology was adopted in designing and developing the prototype. The prototype named Collaborative Information Sharing System (CISS) was developed based on the gathered requirements. The results of the evaluation suggested that CISS is indeed useful and easy to use. The study contributes towards the understanding of the system requirements and user interface of a web application for sharing information of interesting locations.
Comparação de Topologias de Full Adders para Computação Aproximada

This work provides an analysis of a set of approximate full addercircuits in 16nm CMOS device technology, with the goal of identifyinghow these designs behave in a specific environment andapplying voltage scaling when compared to conventional exactadders, focusing on reduction in power consumption. The resultsallow designers to evaluate the pros and cons of each design in errortolerant applications, especially in comparison with exact adders.In nominal tension, there was reduction of up to 90% in power consumptionin XNOR based inexact FAs, and up to 75% gain in powerand 25% gain in delay with CMOS simplifications. In near-thresholdvoltages, it was possible to obtain up to 22% improvement in delayand 50% in power consumption, when comparing the same designsoperating under nominal voltage. The best results were obtainedwhen applying voltage reduction in approximate designs, whichreached improvements in power of up to 98%.
Proposta para Reparticionamento de Estado em Replicação Máquina de Estado Paralela

State Machine Replication is a widely used technique to providefault tolerance and strong consistency. In this approach, all commandsare executed sequentially throughout the replicas. Aimingto improve the system’s throughput, enhanced versions were proposed,where independent commands can be executed in parallel.One arising challenge, though, is how to balance the workload betweenthreads, while avoiding the need of synchronization betweenthem. This extended abstract proposes a technique to schedule requestsin a dynamic and efficient manner, using a workload graph tokeep track of access patterns and graph partitioning to decomposeand dispatch workload to the worker threads.
3.1 Taxonomy of Halophiles

Taxonomy of Halophilic Archaea . 257 Class Halomebacteria (Halobacteria) . 257 Halophilic Methanogenic Archaea . 260
A SPECTRALLY IMPROVED POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION METHOD FOR MULTISPECTRAL LIDAR

Abstract. Precise point cloud classification can enhance lidar performance in various applications, such as land cover mapping, forestry management and autonomous driving. The development of multispectral lidar improves classification performance with rich spectral information. However, the employment of spectral information for classification is still underdeveloped. Therefore, we proposed a spectrally improved classification method for multispectral LiDAR. We conducted spectral improvement in two aspects: (1) we improved the eigenentropy-based neighbourhood selection by spectral angle match (SAM) to reform the more reliable neighbour; (2) we utilized both geometric and spectral features and compare the contributions of these features. A three-wavelength multispectral lidar and a complex indoor experimental scene were used for demonstration. The results indicate the effectiveness of our proposed spectrally improved method and the promising potential of spectral information on lidar classification.
Computational morphogenesis of free‐form grid structures with Voronoi diagram

Free‐form grid structures have developed increasingly with the development of computer‐aided design and advanced construction technology. However, the grid generation is still a difficulty for designing free‐form grid structures. The computational morphogenesis of free‐form grid structures with the Voronoi diagram is proposed to solve this difficulty. Voronoi diagram is introduced to form the irregular grid of structures. Morphologies of plane and curved surface Voronoi grid structure are formulated to realize parametric modeling of the structural grid. A comprehensive structural index is proposed for evaluating free‐form grid structures quantitatively from the aspects of both architectural and structural behaviors. Taking the seeds as optimization variables and the comprehensive structural index as optimization objective, the grid generation problem is transformed into an optimization problem. Numerical examples show that the proposed morphogenesis is feasible and effective for the grid generation of free‐form structures. The free‐form grid structures generated by the proposed method have not only appealing geometry but also good mechanical behavior. The consideration of the symmetry can accelerate the grid generation process. Different grid distributions can be realized with different supports.
Occurrence of risk factors for oral mucosa candidiasis and their frequency – retrospective analysis

Streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Kandydoza jest jedną z najczęstszych schorzeń błony śluzowej jamy ustnej. Dotyczy wszystkich grup wiekowych, w szczególności populacji ludzi starszych. Różne gatunki grzybów drożdżopodobnych stanowią składową naturalnej mikroflory jamy ustnej. Drogę klinicznie jawnemu zakażeniu toruje szereg czynników ryzyka zarówno miejscowych, jak i ogólnoustrojowych, naruszających równowagę biologiczną środowiska jamy ustnej. Cel pracy. Celem pracy była retrospektywna ocena częstości występowania potencjalnych czynników ryzyka infekcji grzybiczej wśród pacjentów ze zdiagnozowaną kandydozą błony śluzowej jamy ustnej. Materiał i metody. Grupę badaną stanowiło 228 osób (152 kobiety i 76 mężczyzn), średnia wieku 60.9 ± 13.5 lat, u których zdiagnozowano kandydozę błony śluzowej jamy ustnej. Przeprowadzono retrospektywną analizę dokumentacji medycznej, biorąc pod uwagę dane z wywiadu medycznego i badania przedmiotowego dotyczące potencjalnych czynników ryzyka infekcji grzybiczych. Częstość występowania czynników ryzyka kandydozy błony śluzowej jamy ustnej – analiza retrospektywna
Factors Affecting the Community Acceptance of Onshore Wind Farms: A Case Study of the Zhongying Wind Farm in Eastern China

The conflict between wind energy expansion and local environmental protection has attracted attention from society and initiated a fierce discussion about the community acceptance of wind farms. There are various empirical studies on factors affecting the public acceptance of wind farms, but little concerning the correlation and significance of factors, especially in a close distance to the wind farms. This paper aims to identify, classify, and analyze the factors affecting community acceptance through literature review, questionnaire, variance analysis, and linear regression analysis. A total of 169 questionnaires was conducted in 17 villages around the Zhongying Wind Farm in Zhejiang Province, China. The factors are categorized into four groups: Location-related factors, demographic factors, environmental impact factors, and public participation factors. Through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analysis, the outcome shows the universal rule of community acceptance under the Chinese social background. Finally, recommendations for improving wind farm planning procedures are put forward.
Registration of three soft red winter wheat germplasm lines with exceptional milling and cookie baking performance

1 School of Plant and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA 2 Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Uvalde, TX 78801, USA 3 Eastern Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Warsaw, VA 22572, USA 4 Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA 5 USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory, Wooster, OH 44691, USA 6 USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
Evolving symbioses between insects and fungi that kill trees in Canada: new threats associated with invasive organisms

Abstract Symbiotic relationships between insects and fungi are known to cause tree mortality either through direct damage by larval feeding that can be facilitated by symbiotic fungi, or through insects vectoring pathogens directly to healthy trees. Within their native ranges, the impacts of many insect-fungus symbioses are restricted to weakened and declining trees; however, within the last century tree mortality caused by globally invasive insect–fungus associations has had a devastating impact on trees in both urban and natural forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, Canadian forests have been seriously affected by invasive organisms and an emerging threat is the expansion of a native bark beetle into the boreal forest of Alberta. This paper reviews the symbiotic relationships between selected invasive insects and pathogens that cause tree mortality within the urban and forested landscapes of Canada; it uses these case studies to illustrate potentially damaging new evolutionary trajectories.
Legume Cover Crops as One of the Elements of Strategic Weed Management and Soil Quality Improvement. A Review

The benefits of conservation practices increased the interest of farmers in the cultivation of cover crops (CCs). This review aims to present and analyze the state of the art on the cultivation of legume CCs, including their importance in protecting crops against weeds, as well as their effects on organic matter and nitrogen content in the soil, physical and biological properties of the soil, and its erosion. The multi-purpose character of legume CCs is visible in their positive effect on reducing weed infestation, but also on the soil: reducing its compaction and erosion, improving its structural and hydraulic properties, increasing the content of organic matter and activity of soil microorganisms, or increasing its nitrogen content due to symbiotic N2 fixing. This review demonstrates that a wider use of legume CCs in organic farming is needed. The benefits of legume CCs for successive crops in these cultivation conditions, both in terms of inhibiting weed populations and improving fertility and soil properties, also need to be identified. Further research is also needed to determine the potential impact of legume CCs on the improvement of the quality of degraded soils, or those with less favorable physicochemical properties.
Short Communication Telomerase Activation inCervical Cancer

It has been hypothesized that infection with high-risk human papilonaviruses (HPVs), in conjunc-tion with other cellular events, plays a critical role in the development of cervical cancer. Activation of telonerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex that synthesizes telomere repeats, has been associated with acquisition of the immortalphenotype in vitro and is commonly observed in human cancers. In this study, we have examined 10 high-grade cervical cancers for telomerase activity and for the presence of HPV. Telomerase activity was detected in al of the cancers but in none of the paired histopathologicaly nornmal uterine tissues or in normal cervical epithelium. Analysis of these same tissues for HPV nucleic acids by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primersfrom the HPV LI and E6 open readingframes denmonstrated that 7 of 10 cancers were positive for HPV, 3 for HPV type 16 (HPV-16), and 4for HPV-i& In one case, HPV-16 was detected in histopathologically normal uterine tissue, the same type as that detected in the cancer from the same patient HPV DNA was not detected in 3 of 10 cancers. These results indicate that telomerase activation is common in high-grade cervical cancers and suggests that teloner-ase activity may be a useful diagnostic nmarkerfor the disease. (Am JPathol i997, 151:25-31) Approximately
Viral Metagenomic Analysis of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) with Enteritis in the Republic of Korea

SUMMARY. We performed viral metagenomics analysis of Japanese quail affected with enteritis to elucidate the viral etiology. Metagenomics generated 21,066,442 sequence reads via high-throughput sequencing, with a mean length of 136 nt. Enrichment in viral sequences suggested that at least three viruses were present in quail samples. Coronavirus and picornavirus were identified and are known as pathogens causing quail enteritis that match the observed morphology. Abundant reads of coronavirus from quail samples yielded four fragment sequences exhibiting six genomes of avian coronavirus. Sequence analysis showed that this quail coronavirus was related to turkey coronavirus and chicken infectious bronchitis virus. Quail picornavirus 8177 bp in size was identified and was similar to the QPV1/HUN/01 virus detected in quails without clinical symptoms in Hungary with 84.6% nucleotide and 94.6% amino acid identity. Our results are useful for understanding the genetic diversity of quail viruses. Further studies must be performed to determine whether quail coronavirus and quail picornavirus are pathogens of the digestive tract of quails.