Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of synthesis two novel fluorescent dyes and their properties

Two novel fluorescent naphthalimide dyes with acetylamino and amino groups were prepared for the first time by imidation, reduction and acetylation reactions from 4-nitro- 1,8-naphthalic anhydride as a starting material. The synthesized dyes were characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, Uv-visible and fluorometery spectroscopic techniques. The absorption spectra of the dyes were examined in DMF and wavelength maxima and molar extinction coefficients of dyes were obtained. The fluorescence properties of dyes were evaluated in DMF and their Stokes shift were determined. Keywords—Synthesis, Fluorescent naphthalimide dye, Characterization, Stock's shift.
Perfect probabilistic storage and retrieval of phase gates

Probabilistic storage and retrieval (PSR) of unitary dynamics is possible with exponentially small failure probability if we count the number of systems used as quantum memory [PRL 122, 170502 (2019)]. For N→ 1 PSR of qubit phase gates we derive improved optimal success probability N/(N+ 1) due to prior knowledge that the gate rotates the qubit by an unknown angle a round Z axis. Using programmable phase gate [PRL 88, 047905 (2002)] we propose optimal (2k − 1)→ 1 phase gate PSR using k CNOT gates.
DESIGN OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE FOR LOW WIND SPEED APPLICATION IN HIGHWAY

Wind energy is considered as the fastest growing source of renewable energy. Availability of wind force will depend on the season. Highway roads can provide considerable amount of wind force to drive a turbine due to pressure difference created by the vehicle movement on both side of the median. Here design of airfoil based on vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) for low wind speed application ranging from 2 to 8m/s is done. The main advantage of vertical axis wind turbine over horizontal axis wind turbine is that blades can have constant shape over the length. It can extract power from any direction of wind without the yaw mechanism. Due to the vehicle movement in highway wind force is created on both side of the highway in opposite direction. The VAWT can be placed on the median so that air flow on both side of highway can be extracted. The national Advisory Committee for Aeronautics NACA series blades NACA0012, NACA0015, NACA0021 Were analyzed here. The graphical relationship between optimal angle of attack and Reynolds number which predict the flow pattern were analyzed, based on this The angle of attack that generate high lift over draw ratio (Cd /Cl) can be identified.
Thermal Analysis of Amorphous Phases in Hydroxyapatite Coatings

The amorphous phase in hydroxyapatite coatings has been examined by using X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and thermal analysis methods. The amorphous phase mostly consists of a dehydroxylated calcium phosphate. When heated, crystallization of hydroxyl-rich areas produces hydroxyapatite, followed by diffusion of hydroxyl ions, thus increasing the amount of crystalline phase. Hydroxyl-deficient amorphous areas crystallize to oxyapatite at 700°C. Thus, crystallization occurs over a range of temperatures and is dependent on the hydroxyl content of the amorphous phase and the partial water-vapor pressure. The activation energies of crystallization to hydroxyapatite, diffusion of hydroxyl ions, and crystallization to oxyapatite are 274, 230, and 440 kJ/mol, respectively. Shrinkage from these processes leads to a crack network and decreases the mechanical strength of the coating.
Effects of Oleuropein on Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide Combination Treatment in Rats

Objectives Oleuropein is the main bioactive polyphenolic compound in olive leaves, olive, and olive oil. Its anticancer, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory effects have been proven through several in vitro and in vivo studies. This study aimed to explore the effects of oleuropein on cyclophosphamideand epirubicin-induced toxicity in female rats. Materials and Methods Seven groups containing eight rats in each group were formed. Four cycles of 16 mg/kg/week of cyclophosphamide and 2.5 mg/kg/week of epirubicin were administered to the rats through intraperitoneal injection. Oleuropein (150 mg/kg/week) was simultaneously applied via oral gavage. The effects of oleuropein were examined with hemogram tests in whole blood samples and biochemical analysis in serum samples. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum samples were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, a comet assay was performed using lymphocyte DNA. The levels of oxidant [i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA)] and antioxidants [i.e., catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were measured in the heart, kidney, and liver tissues. Results Oleuropein could reduce DNA damage and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels. It also ameliorated some hemogram and biochemical parameters that deteriorated due to antineoplastic drugs. It increased the amounts of antioxidants (GSH, SOD, and CAT) and reduced the level of MDA in the heart, kidney, and liver tissues. Conclusion Oleuropein might be a beneficial agent against toxicity caused by the combination treatment of cyclophosphamide and epirubicin. Further studies should be performed to demonstrate the protective effects of oleuropein against antineoplastic induced-toxicity precisely.
Cyrus 2D Simulation 2019 Team Description Paper

The following team description paper demonstrates the activities carried out in the most recent year by Cyrus 2D simulation team, in brief. During this year, some tasks have been conducted in order to improve the team's offensive and defensive behavior, using machine learning. Some of the mentioned tasks will be looked into in this paper, with our main focus being on the implementation of deep reinforcement learning in Cyrus's defensive agents' decision making.
FANG WU et al: RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY ON CPI IN CHINA BASED ON TVP

Stabilizing prices is the goal of macro-economy, and monetary policy has mutual effect with prices. Monetary policy is mainly manifested in the money supply and the interest rate level, and consumer price index (CPI) indicates prices. This paper applies a Time-Varying Parameter Vector Auto Regressive (TVP-VAR) approach to estimate the mutual effects of consumer price index on monetary policy over time. We use monthly data from January 1996 to December 2014, estimate ternary TVP-VAR model by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Our empirical findings indicate the following conclusions: firstly, the growth rate of macroeconomic variables has the same characteristics as financial variables; secondly, all variables which include macroeconomic variables and financial variables have a different fluctuation at different time. In the end, the effect from M2 and SHIBOR on CPI is different between long term and short term. The empirical analysis in this paper indicate the quantity of monetary policy is more important because of significant effect relative to price in monetary policy, while CPI has minute effect on M2 and SHIBOR.
FIELD EVOLVED RESISTANCE AND INHERITANCE PATTERNS OF LABORATORY SELECTED STRAINS OF ORIENTAL ARMYWORM, Mythimna separata, AGAINST LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN AND ITS CROSS RESISTANCE TO OTHER INSECTICIDES

Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (= Pseudaletia separata and Leucania separata (https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/271217)) is a polyphagous pest caterpillar found in China, Korea, Japan, southeast Asia, and some parts of Russia, Australia and Oceania. Plant hosts on which it feeds include maize, rice, wheat, barley, and rye (http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/pests/Mythimna_separat a/index.html). In Pakistan the caterpillar is known to attack wheat (http://www.fao.org/3/v9976e/v9976e05.htm) and paddy, thus also known as paddy armyworm in Pakistan (https://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank/datasheet/45093 ). Extensive use of insecticides causes severe selection pressure on insect populations often leading to resistance. Target site and metabolic processes are considered as important to insecticide resistance. Gene flow involving rapid spread after an initial occurrence of the resistant allele is also a major reason for insecticide resistance development (Raymond and Marquine, 1994). This phenomenon is very evident in areas where pesticides are sprayed in higher quantities than areas of low insecticide use (Caprio, 2001). Hence, understanding insecticide resistance development is of key importance prior to the development of new insecticides (Mallet, 1989). Genetic studies of insecticide resistance can provide better information for developing integrated resistance management (IRM) programs for insect pests. Different major and minor genes interact, which results in various resistance mechanisms and different alleles at a locus during long periods of time (Groeters and Tabashnik, 2000). In order to slow down development of insecticide resistance, a clear understating of the inheritance of resistance is required to Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 58(1), 103-109; 2021 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/21.870 http://www.pakjas. com.pk
Solving Constrained Horn Clauses over ADTs by Finite Model Finding

First-order logic is a natural way of expressing the properties of computation, traditionally used in various program logics for expressing the correctness properties and certificates. Subsequently, modern methods in the automated inference of program invariants progress towards the construction of first-order definable invariants. Although the first-order representations are very expressive for some theories, they fail to express many interesting properties of algebraic data types (ADTs). Thus we propose to represent program invariants regularly with tree automata. We show how to automatically infer such regular invariants of ADT-manipulating programs using finite model finders. We have implemented our approach and evaluated it against the state-of-art engines for the invariant inference in first-order logic for ADT-manipulating programs. Our evaluation shows that automata-based representation of invariants is more practical than the one based on first-order logic since invariants are capable of expressing more complex properties of the computation and their automatic construction is less expensive.
in a Time of Pandemic , Part II : Research Article Reactive , Agentic , Apathetic , or Challenged ? Aging , Emotion , and Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and Objectives: Advanced age is generally associated with improved emotional well-being, but the coronavirus 2019 pandemic unleashed a global stressor that gravely threatened the physical well-being and ostensibly challenged the emotional well-being of older adults disproportionately. The current study investigated differences in emotional experiences and coping strategies between younger and older adults during the pandemic, and whether these differences were accounted for by age differences in appraisal of the pandemic. Research Design and Methods: We asked younger (n = 181) and older (n = 176) adult participants to report their stress, appraisals of the pandemic, emotions, and the ways in which they were coping with the pandemic. Results: Results indicated that older adults experienced less stress and less negative affect and used greater problemfocused coping and less avoidant coping in response to the pandemic than younger adults. Furthermore, age differences in affect and coping were partially accounted for by age differences in appraisals of the pandemic. Discussion and Implications: Despite their objectively higher risk of illness and death due to the pandemic, older adults experienced less negative affect and used more agentic coping strategies than younger adults.
Does FDI Affect Growth in MENA Countries? A Semi-Parametric Fixed-Effects Approach

It is often asserted with confidence that foreign direct investment (FDI) is beneficial for economic growth especially in the host developing economy. Nevertheless, there is no empirical consensus on a positive effect of FDI on host-country growth, nor on the direction of causation. One of the reasons behind the lack of consensus is likely the presence of nonlinearities in FDI and growth relationship. Most of the previous studies either used the linear empirical growth model or tried to bypass the nonlinearity issue by using ad hoc procedures. However, it is also true that growth theory provides little guidance about the exact nature of nonlinearity. Consequently, it is almost impossible to determine the exact form of nonlinear specification that would be appropriate for all data sets and data ranges. Our paper investigates this challenging question in empirical growth literature that is the impact of FDI in promoting economic growth in developing economies without adopting any ad hoc procedure to capture the nonlinearity in FDI-growth relationship. Based on a dualistic growth framework originally developed by Feder (1982) and partial linear regression approach, we are able to separate measure for sector externality and factor productivity effects between the two sectors (exports and non-exports sector). We define sectoral externality, as a function of real FDI stocks per capita. Thereby, our theoretical framework allows us to capture both direct and as well as indirect effects of FDI on economic growth across 8 MENA countries during the period 1990-2016.
ENERGETICS AND MECHANISM OF HYDRONIUM ION FORMATION BY ELECTRON IMPACT

The reactions leading to formation of the hydronium ion in the mass spectra of a number of alcohols and formate esters have been elucidated through a study of appearance potentials and metastable transitions and by the use of deuterium labelling. The results lead to ΔHf(H3O+) = 157 ± 3 kcal/mole corresponding to a proton affinity of the gaseous water molecule of 151 ± 3 kcal/mole.
Preventing Catastrophic Forgetting in an Online Learning Setting

Catastrophic forgetting is an undesired phenomenon which prevents a neural network from being used for multiple tasks. We believe that online learning suffers from a similar issue as weights are updated based on most recent data. This can be particularly problematic for data-sets where the time-series data is cyclical in nature, e.g. weather data, and where the cyclic nature of the data is excluded as data feature. Using the NOAA weather data collected from 1981-2010, we ﬁrst show as a baseline that simply training a multilayer perceptron(MLP) in an online fashion resulted in cyclic spikes in test error. Similar spikes were also observed when the model was re trained with random subsamples of previous data. Finally, we observed that an autoencoder with a novel weighted loss function for an additional regression layer for online learning outperformed the baseline MLP (t-test p value: 0 . 000027 ; Cohen’s d: 0 . 81 ).
Antioxidant Flavonoids from Pulicaria undulata

The phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the whole plant of Pulicaria undulata L. (syn. Pulicaria crispa Forssk.) yielded two new flavonoid glycosides, pulicaroside (1) and undulatoside (6) along with four known flavonones (2-5). The structures of the new compounds were identified by ID and 2D-NMR techniques along with other spectral evidences and by the comparison with the published data of the closely related compounds. All the flavonoids (1-6) exhibited superoxide anion scavenging activity.
Why Not W?

In an extensional setting, W types are sufficient to construct a broad class of inductive types, but in intensional type theory the standard construction of even the natural numbers does not satisfy the required induction principle. In this paper, we show how to refine the standard construction of inductive types such that the induction principle is provable and computes as expected in intensional type theory without using function extensionality. We extend this by constructing from W an internal universe of codes for inductive types, such that this universe is itself an inductive type described by a code in the next larger universe. We use this universe to mechanize and internalize our refined construction.
Estimation of Atmospheric Dust Deposition on Plant Leaves Based on Spectral Features

ABSTRACT Urban atmospheric dust is a significant problem and becoming a considerable pollution source in many cities. This study was based on a comparison of spectral reflectance on the surfaces of dusty and clean leaves. A significant linear relationship (r = 0.811) correlation between the dust weight and near-infrared band region (700–1000 nm) was found through analysis of the spectral data. This relationship obtained from near-infrared band regions, based on the main effects and cluster and interval analysis, was more distinct and stable than that of blue, green, red, and middle-infrared band regions. Thus, the use of near-infrared band data is a reliable method to estimate the amount of dust deposition on plant leaves. A regression model (R2 = 64.3%) was constructed based on dust deposition on plant leaves and a near-infrared ratio. The model proved to be accurate as regards an estimation of dust weight, based on a comparison of residuals (normal distribution) and accuracy tests (slope = 0.8437). This model could provide a methodological basis for spatial dust distribution analysis and has the potential for evaluating air pollution levels.
Emerging Anthropogenic Influences on the Southcentral Alaska Temperature and Precipitation Extremes and Related Fires in 2019

The late-season extreme fire activity in Southcentral Alaska during 2019 was highly unusual and consequential. Firefighting operations had to be extended by a month in 2019 due to the extreme conditions of hot summer temperature and prolonged drought. The ongoing fires created poor air quality in the region containing most of Alaska’s population, leading to substantial impacts to public health. Suppression costs totaled over $70 million for Southcentral Alaska. This study’s main goals are to place the 2019 season into historical context, provide an attribution analysis, and assess future changes in wildfire risk in the region. The primary tools are meteorological observations and climate model simulations from the NCAR CESM Large Ensemble (LENS). The 2019 fire season in Southcentral Alaska included the hottest and driest June–August season over the 1979–2019 period. The LENS simulation analysis suggests that the anthropogenic signal of increased fire risk had not yet emerged in 2019 because of the CESM’s internal variability, but that the anthropogenic signal will emerge by the 2040–2080 period. The effect of warming temperatures dominates the effect of enhanced precipitation in the trend towards increased fire risk.
Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy

Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy is a fully open acces, peer-reviewed journal that aspires to publish articles relevant to surgery, surgical oncology as well as surgical endoscopy from researchers worldwide. The journal accepts research articles, reviewarticles, mini-reviews, case reports, short communications, opinions, letters to the editor, symposiums, commentaries and perspectives. Editors-in-Chief Tomaž Jagrič, Jan Grosek
Desenvolvimento de uma Estratégia de Controle para Amortecimento das Oscilações de Fluxo de Estator em Geradores de Indução de Dupla Excitação

Resumo  O fluxo de estator do gerador de indução de dupla excitação possui um comportamento com oscilações fracamente amortecida, devida sua conexão direta na rede e, também, devido ao baixo valor da resistência de estator. Estas oscilações de fluxo podem provocar grandes oscilações de conjugado eletromagnético e, principalmente, de potência ativa fornecida para a rede, produzindo variações de tensão de baixa frequência, que podem provocar o efeito de cintilação luminosa (flicker), comprometendo os critérios de qualidade da energia fornecida para a rede. Baseado neste contexto, é desenvolvido e apresentado neste trabalho uma nova estratégia de controle que permite mitigar esse problema.
SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and adolescents with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases: data from the National Pediatric Rheumatology Database in Germany

Objectives: Due to their underlying disease as well as therapeutic immunosuppression, children and adolescents with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) may be at higher risk for a severe course or worse outcome of COVID-19, and SARS-CoV2 infection may trigger a flare of the RMD. To address these issues, a specific SARS-CoV-2 questionnaire was implemented in the National Pediatric Rheumatology Database (NPRD) in Germany. Methods: Demographic, clinical and treatment data from juvenile patients with RMD as well as data about SARS-CoV-2 infection like test date and method, clinical characteristics, disease course, outcome and impact on the disease activity of the RMD documented on this questionnaire were analyzed. Results: From April 17th, 2020, to February 14th, 2021, data were collected from 79 patients (53% female) with RMD with median age of 14 years, diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (57%), autoinflammatory (23%) and connective tissue disease (8%). Sixty-one patients (77%) received disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), 43% biologic DMARDs, and 9% systemic glucocorticoids. Sixty patients (76%) developed symptoms of COVID-19. Disease severity was mild and outcome was good in the majority of patients. Two patients were hospitalized, one of whom required intensive care and died of cardiorespiratory failure. In 84% of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, no relevant increase in disease activity of the RMD was observed. Conclusions: In our cohort, COVID-19 in juvenile patients with RMD under various medications was mild with good outcome in the majority of cases. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not appear to have a relevant impact on disease activity of the underlying condition.
Natural language processing for automated annotation of medication mentions in primary care visit conversations

Objectives: The objective of this study is to build and evaluate a natural language processing approach to identify medication mentions in primary care visit conversations between patients and physicians. Materials and Methods: Eight clinicians contributed to a dataset of 85 clinic visit transcripts, and ten transcripts were randomly selected from this dataset as a development set. Our approach utilizes Apache cTAKES and Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) controlled vocabulary to generate a list of medication candidates in the transcribed text, and then performs multiple customized filters to exclude common false positives from this list while including some additional common mentions of the supplements and immunizations. Results: Sixty-five transcripts with 1,121 medication mentions were randomly selected as an evaluation set. Our proposed method achieved an F-score of 85.0% for identifying the medication mentions in the test set, significantly outperforming existing medication information extraction systems for medical records with F-scores ranging from 42.9% to 68.9%. Discussion: Our medication information extraction approach for primary care visit conversations showed promising results, extracting about 27% more medication mentions from our evaluation set while eliminating many false positives in comparison to existing baseline systems. We made our approach publicly available on the web as an open-source software. Conclusion: Integration of our annotation system with clinical recording applications has the potential to improve patients' understanding and recall of key information from their clinic visits, and, in turn, to positively impact health outcomes.