Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of moistening on cross-sectional details of calendered paper containing mechanical pulp

Le lisse de la surface est un facteur qualitatif cle dans le cas des papiers pour graphiques. Les procedes comme le calandrage et le couchage aux pigments servent a accroitre le lisse de la surface. Les procedes de conditionnement tels que le couchage et l'impression offset impliquent l'addition d'une certaine humidite a la surface du papier. Cette humidite libere les contraintes emprisonnees dans le papier a la suite des traitements de surface. Cela est tout particulierement observable dans les papiers contenant des fibres de pâte mecanique. Cette humidite accrue donne lieu a une augmentation prononcee de la rugosite de la surface lorsque celle-ci est humectee. La rugosite a un effet negatif sur la qualite d'impression et sur la repartition de la sauce de couchage. Un mecanisme important derriere le phenomene d'accroissement de la rugosite semble etre celui des changements qui surviennent dans le profil transversal de chacune des fibres de pâte mecanique. Pour quantifier l'effet de l'humectage sur les papiers commerciaux contenant de la pâte mecanique, nous avons mouille des echantillons de papier surcalandre avec de l'eau a des taux differents et bien definis d'humidite de l'air. En faisant l'analyse des images de micrographies realisees a l'aide d'un microscope electronique a balayage de surface, nous avons etudie les details d'une coupe transversale du papier et nous avons analyse la forme des fibres de cette section du papier. Durant l'humectage du papier surcalandre, les fibres de pâte mecanique intactes tendent a retrouver la forme de profil transversal qu'elles avaient avant le calandrage. Nous avons quantifie et relie cette tendance au degre d'humectage. Nous montrons enfin qu'une relation importante existe entre l'epaisseur de la membrane de la fibre et la recuperation par la fibre de sa forme anterieure.
OF ORGANIC RESIDUE AND CARBONATE FROM STROMATOLITES IN ETOSHA PAN , NAMIBIA : 14 C RESERVOIR EFFECT , CORRECTION OF PUBLISHED AGES , AND EVIDENCE OF > 8m-DEEP LAKE DURING THE LATE PLEISTOCENE

Lacustrine stromatolites are layered accretionary structures formed in shallow water by cyanobacteria. They are a precise indicator of high lake limits and their morphology and structure provide an insight into paleoenvironments of the time. Previous research on lacustrine stromatolites from Etosha Pan in Namibia based on radiocarbon ages of carbonates were close to the limit of the method and did not account for any possible 14C reservoir effect. The ages were used to suggest that the basin was not extensively flooded during the last 40,000 yr. To assess the reservoir effect, the age characteristics of a stromatolite from Poacher’s Point were investigated by 14C dating both carbonate and organic residue from samples at different depths in the deposit. The ~15-cm-diameter stromatolite was separated into 12 zones from the center to the edge and block samples were cut from each zone; the carbonate and residual organic residue were dated separately. The carbonate ages ranged from 34,700 to 24,700 14C yr BP and the organic ages from 15,700 to 2500 14C yr BP. Ages generally increased with increasing distance from the surface of the deposit. We believe that the organic ages are an accurate estimate of the stromatolite’s age, while the much older carbonate ages reflect incorporation of old carbon from limestone bedrock and ancient calcrete introduced by stream and spring flow. Excluding the 2 oldest organic ages (15,700 and 13,600 14C yr BP), which may reflect contamination by older organic material washed into the lake during flooding, a linear regression relationship between carbonate and organic ages indicates that the reservoir effect on carbonate ranges up to ~24,000 14C yr BP but decreases slightly as the true age of the deposit increases. This regression relationship was used to correct 2 finite carbonate ages for stromatolites from Pelican Island obtained in the early 1980s, which together with our new organic age for a stromatolite from Andoni Bay, document a >8-m-deep lake in Etosha Pan during the Late Pleistocene, at and prior to ~34,000–26,000 cal yr BP. The organic carbon ages from the Poacher’s Point stromatolite suggest prolonged lacustrine conditions during the early to middle Holocene (8000–6600 cal yr BP) but not to the extent seen during the Late Pleistocene.
Do individual differences in temperament matter for Indigenous children

Studies of children from western backgrounds have indicated that temperament plays an important role in children’s development, but little research has investigated the nature and importance of temperament for Australian indigenous children. Drawing on data from Footprints in time: the longitudinal study of indigenous children (LISC), this study investigated the structure of temperament in indigenous children and how temperament, along with parenting style, is linked to later emotional and behavioural adjustment. Where possible, comparisons were made with data from Growing up in Australia: the longitudinal study of Australian children (LSAC).
A Sedentary Lifestyle in Children Causes an Increased Risk of Pain

Background: Healthy behavior in children is a concerning topic of discussion especially with the obesity epidemic continuing to grow in the United States. “Not only does a sedentary lifestyle have implications for physical fitness, per se, it also has profound implications for physical, cognitive and psychosocial development. ” Methods: An exhaustive literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Clinical Key, MEDLINE-PubMed, MEDLINE-Ovid and Web of Science using the keywords: sedentary lifestyle, pain and children/ adolescence. GRADE was utilized in assessing the quality of the evidence. Results: A total of three articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. The results demonstrate a correlation between a sedentary lifestyle and pain complaints in children. The first study, Vierola et al was an observational study that demonstrated a higher sedentary lifestyle and lower cardiorespiratory fitness results in more pain complaints in children. The second study, Brindova et al, proved adolescents who watched television or used the computer for more than 3 hours had an increased risk of reporting multiple pain complaints as compared to children who watched television less than 2 hours per day. The third study, Lopez et al, demonstrates boys who spent more time watching TV and using their computers had a significantly higher incidence of reporting low self-perceived health suffering from pain. Conclusion: Studies reveal the positive association of a sedentary lifestyle and decreased health and pain complaints in children. However, additional studies need to be conducted to further evaluate this correlation.
CAP-AND-TRADE AND PROJECT-BASED FRAMEWORK : HOW DO CARBON MARKETS WORK FOR GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS REDUCTION ?

There are two examples of carbon market mechanisms: i ) trading based on the cap-and-trade principle establishes Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission limits for companies that can negotiate allowance to pollute (as in European Union Emission Trading Scheme, EU ETS) , and ii ) carbon credits, project-based emission reductions of GHG (such as the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, CDM). Given the importance of these two, this paper presents the dynamics of the evolution of carbon markets evolution by analyzing different markets (including other examples) and their framework, performances, potential and barriers. Besides these two programs, other national and regional systems are being developed, bu EU ETS and Kyoto stand in terms of volume and visibility. Despite existing criticism, in some countries volume of GHG emissions decreased between 1990 and 2011, probably influenced by the modernization of some formerly obsolete and inefficient industrial plant, and also by the poor performance of world economies in recent years.
A study of nonlinear variable viscosity in finite-length tube with peristalsis

Peristaltic motion of an incompressible Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity induced by periodic sinusoidal traveling wave propagating along the walls of a finite-length tube has been investigated. A perturbation method of solution is sought. The viscosity parameter α (α << 1) is chosen as a perturbation parameter and the governing equations are developed up to the first-order in the viscosity parameter (α). The analytical solution has been derived for the radial velocity at the tube wall, the axial pressure gradient across the length of the tube, and the wall shear stress under the assumption of low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. The impacts of physical parameters such as the viscosity and the parameter determining the shape of the constriction on the pressure distribution and on the wall shear stress for integral and non-integral number of waves are illustrated. The main conclusion that can be drawn out of this study is that the peaks of pressure fluctuate with time and attain different values with non-integral numbers of peristaltic waves. The considered problem is very applicable in study of biological flow and industrial flow.
Bioassay Guided Chromatographic Isolation Of Lactation Inducing Agent From Hippocratea Obtusifolia

The powdered leaves of Hippocratea obtusifolia (commonly known as gwadayi in Hausa) was percolated with ethanol and then sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were respectively labeled HO1, HO2, HO3, and HO4, with the ethanolic extract labeled HO. The extracts were subjected to bioactivity against lactation inducement, and the chloroform extract labeled HO2 was found to be the most active. The HO2 extract was then subjected to column and thin layer chromatography with similar fractions pooled together. The pooled fractions were then subjected to bioactivity testing against lactation inducement, and the fraction labeled HO2-13 was found to be the most active, this was subsequently subjected to column and thin layer chromatography with similar fractions pooled together. The pooled fractions were again subjected to bioactivity testing against lactation inducement, and the fraction labeled HO2-13-111 was found to be the most active. The fraction HO2-13-111 was subjected spectroscopic analysis, using Infrared, Mass spectroscopy, and both 1 H and 13 C NMR data obtained. The structure of the compound present in fraction HO2-13-111 was then elucidated based on the obtained data. Keywords : Force-Feeding, Lactation, Progesterone, Thin-Layer Column Chromatography.
SIMON WIGLEY and ARZU AKKOYUNLU-WIGLEY HUMAN CAPABILITIES VERSUS HUMAN CAPITAL: GUAGING THE VALUE OF EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

The purpose of this study is to defend the view that education should be evaluated in terms of the capability to achieve valued functionings, rather than mental satisfaction or resources. In keeping with Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach we argue that mental satisfaction provides an inaccurate metric of well-being because of the phenomenon of adaptive preferences. Equally, resources cannot be used as a metric of well-being because of inequalities in the ability to convert income and commodities into valued functionings. Hence, interpreting education as a means to create human capital is also impoverished because it evaluates education solely in terms of the accumulation of resources. In order to provide evidence in support of the human capabilities approach we statistically examine the channels through which educational attainment affects the health functionings implied by life expectancy. Using panel data analysis for 35 developing countries for the years 1990, 1995 and 2000 we compare the health functionings (as indicated by life expectancy) that are achieved by the income growth generated by educational attainment, with the total health functionings that are achieved by educational attainment. We find that educational attainment (as indicated by average years of schooling) has a significant effect on life expectancy independently of its effect by way of income growth. A 1% increase in per capita income increases life expectancy by 0.073954%, while a 1% increase in average years of schooling directly increases life expectancy by 0.055324%. Because it shows that income underestimates the health functionings achieved by educational attainment, our empirical findings lend support to the claim that the value of education should be measured in terms of the capability for functioning, rather than resources.
An improved game-theoretic approach to uncover overlapping communities

How can we uncover overlapping communities from complex networks to understand the inherent structures and functions? Chen et al. firstly proposed a community game (Game) to study this problem, and the overlapping communities have been discovered when the game is convergent. It is based on the assumption that each vertex of the underlying network is a rational game player to maximize its utility. In this paper, we investigate how similar vertices affect the formation of community game. The Adamic–Adar Index (AA Index) has been employed to define the new utility function. This novel method has been evaluated on both synthetic and real-world networks. Experimental study shows that it has significant improvement of accuracy (from 4.8% to 37.6%) compared with the Game on 10 real networks. It is more efficient on Facebook networks (FN) and Amazon co-purchasing networks than on other networks. This result implicates that “friend circles of friends” of Facebook are valuable to understand the overlapping community division.
A Preliminary Work on Causative Verbs in Hindi

This paper introduces a preliminary work on Hindi causative verbs: their classification, a linguistic model for their classification and their verb frames. The main objective of this work is to come up with a classification of the Hindi causative verbs. In the classification we show how different types of Hindi verbs have different types of causative forms. It will be a linguistic resource for Hindi causative verbs which can be used in various NLP applications. This resource enriches the already available linguistic resource on Hindi verb frames (Begum et al., 2008b). This resource will be helpful in getting proper insight into Hindi verbs. In this paper, we present the morphology, semantics and syntax of the causative verbs. The morphology is captured by the word generation process; semantics is captured by the linguistic model followed for classifying the verbs and the syntax has been captured by the verb frames using relations given by Panini.
A Cost System Approach to the Stochastic Directional Technology Distance Function with Undesirable Outputs: The Case of U.S. Banks in 2001-2010

This paper offers a methodology to address the endogeneity of inputs in the directional technology distance function (DTDF) based formulation of banking technology which explicitly accommodates the presence of undesirable nonperforming loans -- an inherent characteristic of the bank's production due to its exposure to credit risk. Specifically, we model nonperforming loans as an undesirable output in the bank's production process. Since the stochastic DTDF describing banking technology is likely to suffer from the endogeneity of inputs, we propose addressing this problem by considering a system consisting of the DTDF and the first-order conditions from the bank's cost minimization problem. The first-order conditions also allow us to identify the "cost-optimal" directional vector for the banking DTDF, thus eliminating the uncertainty associated with an ad hoc choice of the direction. We apply our cost system approach to the data on large U.S. commercial banks for the 2001-2010 period, which we estimate via Bayesian MCMC methods subject to theoretical regularity conditions. We document dramatic distortions in banks' efficiency, productivity growth and scale elasticity estimates when the endogeneity of inputs is assumed away and/or the DTDF is fitted in an arbitrary direction.
Recovery of Vanadium and Lanthanides from the Processed Carbonate-Rich Latosol of Abu Thor Locality, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt

In a previouswork, chemical processing of carbonate-rich latosol of Abu Thor locality have successfully recovered both of U and Cu contents by applying two successive steps of leaching processes. From the latter, the remaining two metal values; namely V and Lns were left behind in the spent residue. The latter represents the feed material of the present work for V (1050 ppm) and Lns (649 ppm ) recovery. The work involves selective leaching process for V using alkali breakdown with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) followed by its precipitation asV2O5. The Lanthanides (Lns) left behind was then leached by using sulfuric acid followed by its precipitation as a highly pure Lns oxalate.
Polaron coherence condensation as the mechanism for colossal magnetoresistance in layered manganites

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data for the bilayer manganite La{sub 1.2}Sr{sub 1.8}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} show that, upon lowering the temperature below the Curie point, a coherent polaronic metallic groundstate emerges very rapidly with well defined quasiparticles which track remarkably well the electrical conductivity, consistent with macroscopic transport properties. Our data suggest that the mechanism leading to the insulator-to-metal transition in La{sub 1.2}Sr{sub 1.8}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} can be regarded as a polaron coherence condensation process acting in concert with the Double Exchange interaction.
Ownership structure and the choice of SEO issue method in the UK

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of ownership characteristics in a firm’s choice of alternative seasoned equity offering (SEO) methods, offer price discounts, and market reactions to such announcements within the UK setting. Design/methodology/approach The study examines 697 SEO events of firms traded in the UK during the period 1998 to 2012 using multivariate and binomial logistic regression models. Ordinary least square models are also used to examine how ownership variables affect offer price discounts and stock market performance during the announcement of such corporate events. Findings The authors show that placings and open offers (OOs) are the preferred methods for issuing equity by firms with higher managerial ownership. Thus, the evidence strongly supports the prediction of the entrenched management hypothesis. Moreover, the probability of choosing a combination of placings and OOs is also found to be significantly related to issue size, offer discount, leverage, and previous stock performance. The results show that pre-issue market conditions have a significant effect on the choice of issue method with rights offers (ROs) and the combination of placings and OOs primarily utilised by firms for issuing equity during hot market periods. Originality/value Unlike prior SEOs’ studies in the UK that predominantly concentrate on the use of ROs and placings, this study examines, for the first time, the link between OOs and the combination of placings and OOs with ownership concentration. The authors also investigate how offer price discounts are related to the firms’ ownership structure, various company micro-characteristics and the wider market conditions.
N-Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna with Auto Switching Unit

─ These days the need for reconfigurable antenna is widely increased in the field of multi band wireless communication. The proposed new design of N-shaped antenna structure consists of two PIN diodes for switching purpose. They are switched automatically by a pre-programmed Arduino microcontroller unit to attain the reconfiguration of four-different bands without changing the physical dimension of the antenna. The four switching bands are 3.5 GHz (WiMAX), 2.46 GHz (WLAN), 1.2 GHz (GPS) and 2.1 GHz (UMTS). It has a center stub with two N-shaped stub carrying PIN diodes. The stubs are connected with a 50ohm microstrip feed line. The measured return loss closely follows the simulation results. Also it exhibits a good impedance matching during the four switching states. The simulation has been done through Ansoft HFSS and measured results are obtained from a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The obtained VSWR value lies beneath 2 for all obtained bands. The radiation pattern of the antenna is bidirectional for all the four-switching states. Index Terms ─ Auto switching antenna, multi frequency, N-shaped microstrip patch antenna, PIN diode antenna, reconfigurable antenna.
AN APPROACH FOR GENETIC FISH GROUPS IDENTIFICATION USING ADAPTABILITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MORPHOTYPE

SIMONOV, V. M. , 2008. An approach for genetic fish groups identification using adaptability and characteristics of morphotype. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 14: 145-149 Taking into account adaptation abilities of fish at the age till one year and deleting individuals of low survivability from analysis, it is possible to distinguish more correctly groups (strains) by the analysis of complex of morphological characteristics. In that case, the distance between groups at morphological attribute multi-dimensional space increases, the values of canonical correlation increase, discrimination accuracy rises when using classification equations. The discriminant analysis revealed that identification of common carp and rainbow trout strains with the use of stress-resistant criterion, allowed the accuracy of distinguishing to multiple by 1.5, and the distance between groups to multiple more than by 3.
0 Machine Learning Across the WSN Layers

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have seen rapid research and industrial development in recent years. Both the costs and size of individual nodes have been constantly decreasing, opening new opportunities for a wide range of applications. Nevertheless, designing software to achieve energy-efficient, robust and flexible data dissemination remains an open problem with many competing solutions. In parallel, researchers have effectively exploited machine learning techniques to achieve efficient solutions in environments with distribution and rapidly fluctuating properties, analogous to WSN domains. Applying machine learning techniques to WSNs inherently has the potential to improve the robustness and flexibility of communications and data processing, while simultaneously optimizing energy expenditure. This chapter concentrates on applications of machine learning at all layers in the WSN network stack. First, it provides a brief background and summary of three of the most commonly used machine learning techniques: reinforcement learning, neural networks and decision trees. Then, it uses example research from the literature to describe current efforts at each level of the stack, and outlines future opportunities.