“Biosphere reserve” - the Actual Research Subject of the Sustainable Development Process”

The relevance of the analyzed issue is caused by the growing slippage of research funds of sustainable development in its practice. The purpose of the article is the theoretical basis of the biosphere reserve as a scientific research subject that is relevant to rules of the scientific activity. The leading approach to the study of this issue is the use of the theoretical and active approach. Tools of this methodological approach can determine the subject and content of the main “blocks” of the scientific subject – “the biosphere reserve”. Results of the research include: 1 the analysis of the previous use of the organizational form of “the biosphere reserve”; 2 the actual rationale for its purpose. This research justifies the function of the biosphere reserve as a scientific subject of applied research for sustainable development. The authors also justify a particular object (“activity” as opposed to “nature”) for the subject of “the biosphere reserve”. The contents of the article may be useful for specialists in the field of the scientific research methodology and regulatory support of sustainable development. OPEN ACCESS 8912 G. R. KHASAEV, M. YU. SADOVENKO AND R. O. ISAEV Today “sustainable development” has become a familiar phrase. It is necessary to “update” sustainable development as a field of research with its own means and methods. The geopolitical theory of sustainable development has been formed and recognized. The practice of sustainable development is forming independently. Its results are not systematized into a single object of the research. The study of sustainable development by means of natural sciences promotes such traditional subjects as “nature” and “person. ” The issue of sustainable development is the lack of its own scientific subject. This subject should be developed in strict compliance with a complex theory of variable-based practice of sustainable development. Reviewing the literature F.A. Dzhereshtieva (2010) discusses the insufficient use of concepts in case when the category of sustainable development is included in the research process of the unit of socio economic sciences. “There are a number of approaches to define sustainable development, reflecting its key economic aspects. Among them: a development that does not involve additional costs for the next generation; a development that minimizes negative effects, externalities between generations; a development, which provides a constant simple and expanded reproduction; a development, in which mankind should exist only on the interest from natural capital, not affecting it” (Dzhereshtieva, 2010). The conceptual deficit in the category of “sustainable development” has caused the need for the reconstruction of original methodological tools of science. These research means requested for sustainable development, first of all, are “ontologies” and “subjects” (Sidorova & Shnyreva 2014). The value of ontologies for the interpretation of facts obtained in different scientific approaches is set in – “Flexible queries on relational databases using fuzzy logic and ontology” (Carmen Martínez-Cruz, Nogueraa & Vilab, 2014). “The paradigm” (Kuna, 2009) of sustainable development was formed at the intersection of philosophical humanism and practical conservation tasks of mankind. All studies of sustainable development in one way or another raise the question of “the type” of ontological foundations of sustainable development and “subjects”, where the practice of this research takes place. The research of sustainable development should have a special regulatory organization that allows you to transfer the results into the public field. Such an assertion is made by A. Kläy, A.B. Zimmermann & S. Schneider (2015): “If we postulate a need for the transformation of society towards sustainable development, we also need to transform science and overcome the fact / value split that makes it impossible for science to be accountable to society. We postulate that in addition to introducing transdisciplinarity, science needs to strive for integration of the normative aspect of sustainable development at the meta-level”. The above-described issue to determine the ontological and substantive grounds for the objectification of research results in the field of sustainable development originated in the process of the specific own research on “The biosphere reserve a systemic study of processes of social, economic and environmental development” (Khasaev & Sadovenko, 2016). “The biosphere reserve” was seen as the organizational and practical category in development INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SCIENCE EDUCATION 8913 management. The study was supposed to gain knowledge about the rules of aggregation, and forms of these processes. The conducted analysis of existing forms of knowledge about biosphere reserves and directions to use this knowledge caused unplanned results. “The biosphere reserve” from the standpoint of the UNESCO's standard is the system unit of sustainable development. The modality of obligation is projected into the future, “the World Network of biosphere reserves (WNBR) of the MAB program was established in 1976. As of 2015 it includes 651 biosphere reserves in 120 countries, including 14 cross-border biosphere reserves, located on the territory of two or more countries. In accordance with the Regulations on the WNBR in 1995, biosphere reserves should strive to become sharing of best practice centers in order to study and promote approaches to conservation and sustainable development on a regional scale. To this end, each biosphere reserve should combine three interrelated functions preservation, development and creation of a material base through appropriate zoning of its territory, which includes: (1) one or more core areas, which formally are set aside for long-term conservation goals; (2) surrounding buffer areas; (3) an outer transition area where public authorities, local communities and business entities are responsible for promotion and sustainable development” (Strategy program “Man and Biosphere”, 2015). The analysis of application principles of the biosphere reserve in specific biosphere reserves of the Russian Federation showed: today such biosphere reserve is a methodically equipped environmental unit. The latter circumstance is reflected in the linguistic expression “the biosphere reserve” a synonym of “the nature reserve”. “The biosphere reserve” – is a hybrid of “the nature reserve” and “the biosphere reserve”, which arose in the operation of the sustainable development unit by environmental authorities. For example, the Central Siberian biosphere reserve stamps its scientific work as “Proceedings of the state nature biosphere reserve – Central Siberian”. It is revealing the contents of a typical issue of scientists’ works of this reserve: “Chapter 1: On the history of creation of the Central Siberian reserve”. Chapter 2. “The environment, resources and monitoring of flora and fauna in protected areas in Central Siberia”. Chapter 3: “From the experience of state natural reserves. Forest fauna”. A resource book for the department of environmental education and school forestry” (Zyryanov & Kochkarev, 2014). The research, dedicated to the issues and objectives of sustainable development activities in the biosphere reserve, (in its interpretation of regulatory documents for the UNESCO), has not been identified for the entire period of publication of scientific papers “The Central Siberian nature reserve” (from 1988 to 2014.). The assumption of the possibility of various systemic organization development processes in the biosphere reserve was denied in the phenomenon of submission of all types of the development to the environmental approach and requirements of the environmental organization. Facts of the nonspecific use of the term – “the biosphere reserve” in the environmental approach (not identical to “sustainable development”) required interpretation and turn in the direction of the ongoing research. The principal position was the hypothesis that “sustainable development” was formed as “a popular culture” and “the requirement of international relations”. This meant the premature “withdrawal” of theoretical assumptions of 8914 G. R. KHASAEV, M. YU. SADOVENKO AND R. O. ISAEV sustainable development from the scientific activity and the transfer of those in the sphere of public relations. The phrase “sustainable development” is an indicator of our time areas of production from tourism to mining industry. In particular, the technical publication of Journal of Sustainable Mining is positioned as follows: “Journal of Sustainable Mining is dedicated to the key problems of contemporary mining, for which activities related to sustainable development are a great and important challenge. The mission of this journal is to promote and spread knowledge not only concerning the idea of sustainable development in mining, but most of all, specialist knowledge derived from national and international research as well as technological solutions and methods, in which this vital idea is implemented” (Elsevier, 2015). Еstablishing a research gaр In the literature and discussions there are no methods of research processes (sustainable development), which are used as a means of preventing other processes (exhaustion of the planet's resources). The activity of sustainable development is described by means of natural sciences (the study of human impact) and technical subjects (rules of engineering structures). The formation of the interdisciplinary research in the UNESCO structure is determined by received results in the boundaries of original subjects. To develop the modern knowledge about sustainable development it is necessary to implement a logical transformation of its own concepts of sustainable development in theoretical scientific subjects. “The biosphere reserve” is the first case to develop its own scientific research subject for sust