Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms Using the Pipeline Flow-Diverter Embolization Device: A Single-Center Experience with Long-Term Follow-Up Results

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flow-diverting devices now offer a new treatment alternative for cerebral aneurysms. We present the results of a large single-center series of patients treated with the PED, including long-term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 2008 and September 2011, sidewall aneurysms with a wide neck (≥4 mm) or unfavorable dome-neck ratio (≤1.5); large/giant, fusiform, dissecting, blisterlike, and recurrent sidewall aneurysms; aneurysms at difficult angles; and aneurysms in which a branch was originating directly from the sac were treated with the PED. Patients were premedicated with dual antiplatelet medications. Data, including demographics, aneurysm features, clinical presentation, complications, results, and follow-up information, for up to 2 years are presented. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-one aneurysms in 191 patients were treated. Of these, 96 (38.3%) were large or giant (≥10 mm). In 34/251 (13.5%), PEDs were used for retreatment. Adjunctive coiling was performed in 11 aneurysms (2.1%). The mean number of devices per aneurysm was 1.3. One aneurysm ruptured in the fourth month posttreatment (0.5%), and symptomatic in-construct stenosis was detected in 1 patient (0.5%) treated with percutaneous transarterial angioplasty. Any event rate was 27/191 (14.1%), with a permanent morbidity of 1% and mortality of 0.5%. Control angiography was available in 182 (95.3%) patients with 239 (95.2%) aneurysms. In 121 aneurysms (48.2%), 1- to 2-year control angiography was available. The aneurysm occlusion rate was 91.2% in 6 months, increasing to 94.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the PED is safe, efficacious, and durable in cerebral aneurysm treatment, with low morbidity-mortality and high occlusion rates as confirmed with mid- to long-term control angiography.
An absolute chronology for early Egypt using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian statistical modelling

The Egyptian state was formed prior to the existence of verifiable historical records. Conventional dates for its formation are based on the relative ordering of artefacts. This approach is no longer considered sufficient for cogent historical analysis. Here, we produce an absolute chronology for Early Egypt by combining radiocarbon and archaeological evidence within a Bayesian paradigm. Our data cover the full trajectory of Egyptian state formation and indicate that the process occurred more rapidly than previously thought. We provide a timeline for the First Dynasty of Egypt of generational-scale resolution that concurs with prevailing archaeological analysis and produce a chronometric date for the foundation of Egypt that distinguishes between historical estimates.
UNDERTREATING PAIN—CAUTION OR CRUELTY?

A few years ago I attended a talk given by a psychiatrist well-known for his personal campaign against addiction. His audience consisted mainly of pharmacy students, and, judging from the terrified facial expressions of the people sitting around me, the speaker’s alarming tales of drug dependency were quite successful in producing their intended effect. At one point the psychiatrist recounted a personal experience in which he was prescribed 20 Darvon capsules by an orthopaedist for a painful back problem. ‘I took one capsule,’ he said, ‘and in a half hour a feeling so good came over me that I knew the only right thing to do was to throw the remaining medication in the trash, which I promptly did. ’ When the speaker went on to treat the subject of tranquilizer use in a simil~manner, I was convinced that his objection to anxiolytics and opioid analgesics was largely philosophical, based more on a puritanical Weltanschauung than on medical science. T o test my conviction, I posed the following question to the psychiatrist: If the ideal anxiolytic were developed tomorrow-safe, effective, and non-addictive-would you still oppose its use? He thought for a moment, assured me that such a drug would never be developed, then stated that even if it were, he would still oppose using it. The reasoning behind his opposition was that if God had intended for man not to suffer, pain would not have been created. Furthermore, he asserted that without suffering, an artist like Van Gogh would never have produced such great masterpieces. The fact that Van Gogh’s immense torment also led to his tragic self-mutilation and suicide was, for whatever reason, not mentioned by our speaker to the assembled students. I recount this event as an introduction to a discussion of a major medical problem that exists in American medicine-the undertreatment of pain. In a recent New York Times
RFRA: Reconfigurable and Fault-tolerant Routing Algorithm without virtual channels for 2D network-on-chip

This paper proposes a Reconfigurable and Fault-tolerant Routing Algorithm (RFRA), which is designed based on the Fault-Tolerant Odd-Even turn model (FTOE). RFRA can tolerate all single link failures without exploiting virtual channels by resetting the route rule. Applying FTOE rules, RFRA not only balances the load around the faulty link but also shortens the fault-tolerant paths. Simulation results show that RFRA's average injection rate can be improved than related works by 3.1% and 5.06%.
The Denial of the Institution

Summary The writings of Franco Basaglia are critically reviewed, both from a technical psychiatric point of view and from a general political and social one. Basaglia maintained that the causes of psychiatric disorder are essentially social in nature, and that the only valid treatments are political struggle and the revival of the patient's aggressiveness. Therefore, no institution can be therapeutic for the patient, since its aim must be his custody and violent destruction. These statements are considered in the light of the need for institutions which are a therapeutic alternative to the mental hospital. Basaglia's ‘liberal’ defence of the individual against society is analysed, in relation to the negative consequences that the Italian Law 180 of 1978 is having on the care of long-term psychiatric patients. This law ‘forgot’ such patients, as well as adversely affecting the treatment of acute patients, for whom an insufficient number of psychiatric beds was permitted in general hospitals. A revision is proposed of Law 180 that would make possible the setting up of alternative institutions to outdated mental hospitals, but at the same time allow a transformation of their old structures.
Shallow water demultiple with seafloor reflection modeling using multichannel prediction operator

Summary This paper presents an extension of our previous effort on multiple attenuation in shallow water environment. While our previous workflow, termed Shallow Water Demultiple (SWD), is robust in suppressing water-layer related multiples (WLRMs) with shallow seafloor, it faces difficulties when the seafloor is too shallow and complex because of the near offset gap related to acquisition. The wavelet stretch resulted from near offset extrapolation causes spectral distortion in multiple model from SWD which leads to sub-optimized subtraction result in shallow part of the data. Our new method is a hybrid approach in which shallow WLRMs are handled by using the Green’s function of the seafloor primary reflections, while the rest of the multiples are handled by SWD. The Green’s function in this case is derived from auto-picking the traveltime of the multichannel prediction operator estimated from SWD. We show the application of the method for attenuating shallow water multiples on field data examples from offshore Australia.
Caroli's disease: an ultrasonic diagnosis.

Congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli's disease) was first reported in 1958 (Caroli et al.) and is usually diagnosed late in the patient's illness and seldom before operation (Watts et al., 1974). Goddard (1974) could only find 16 previous case reports of the disease which attests to its rarity. Caroli (1968) has classified congenital intrahepatic cystic dilatation into two groups: first, a pure form not asociated with hepatic cirrhosis or portal hypertension and second, a type associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis. There is probably some overlap but Watts et al. (1974) consider most cases belong to the first group. The radiological diagnosis of Caroli's disease has, in the past, proven difficult. None of the 15 cases collected by Mujahed et al. (1971) were diagnosed before surgery. With improved modern techniques in organ visualization, the pre-operative diagnosis has become easier and we report the following case which was confidently diagnosed by ultrasonography and confirm.
Transient analysis based thermal characterization of die-die interfaces in 3D-ICs

In this paper, we present a novel methodology using a thermal test chip to characterize the bulk thermal conductivity and the thermal contact resistance of underfill materials in die-die interfaces of 3D stacks for application-realistic test conditions. Since a silicon chip is used, the thermal properties can be extracted for the same material interfaces (finishing of the Si surface) and the same processing conditions (bonding and temperature profile during curing of the underfill material) as in the intended application. In the proposed methodology, transient thermal measurements obtained using a test chip with integrated heaters and sensors, are combined with thermal finite element simulations to extract the thermal properties. The proposed method is applied to extract the thermal properties and compare the thermal performance of 8 underfill materials. The materials are thermally characterized before and after curing. It is shown that the comparison of the temperature profiles before and after curing can indicate void formation or delamination during the curing stage.
Electric power quality disturbance classification using self-adapting artificial neural networks

Power quality is recognised as an essential feature of a successful electric power system mainly due to the rapid increase of loads which generate noise and, at the same time, are sensitive to the noise present in the supply system. A technique for classifying electrical power quality disturbance events is presented, based on a self-adapting artificial neural network (SAANN), which has the unique capability of adapting to new disturbance features. In the proposed technique, distinctive feature vectors from disturbance events captured are extracted using the fast Fourier and discrete wavelet transforms. The feature vectors are then fed to two SAANN-based classifiers, which classify the captured events into different categories of power quality disturbances. The technique is tested using a number of disturbance events.
Influence of MDA and Pro-inflammatory Cytokine levels in the Pathogenesis of Severe Malaria in Experimental Murine Model

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reported to be involved in human Cerebral Malaria (CM). To assess the extent of oxidative stress, we have investigated the biomarker of lipid peroxidation, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and its co relation with levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with malaria severity. The present study was designed to measure Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) for the MDA assay to delineate the oxidative stress in various organs (brain, liver and spleen) of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected Swiss albino mice. Further mRNA levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin -1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by qRT-PCR in the organs of mice according to severity of malaria. Result of this study showed that the MDA levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the brain, liver and spleen of infected mice compared with the non-infected control group respectively. A study observed highly up regulation of TNF-α between the day 5 and 9 with peak production being detected on the 9 th day, and subsequently decreased between the 11 th and 13 th day. In the brain, spleen and liver IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA were significantly up-regulated (P<0.0001) and persisted throughout the course of infection. It might be concluded from the findings of the present study that the oxidative stress response induced by the plasmodium species may trigger the inflammatory cytokine responses in malaria severity and thereby contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease; however the interplay between the oxidative response and inflammatory activity in disease virulence needs further study.
Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease.

To the Editor. —Dr Snowdon and colleagues 1 emphasized the important contribution of lacunar infarcts to cognitive decline in patients with AD. However, with few exceptions, no clear correlation exists between location or number of lacunar infarcts and development of vascular dementia. 2,3 More than a direct cause of dementia, lacunar infarcts per se probably represent a surrogate or a marker for small-vessel disease(arteriolosclerosis) leading also to periventricular ischemic white matter disease in the elderly. 4 These lesions, rediscovered by brain imaging techniques under the name leukoaraiosis, constitute the pathological substratum of Binswanger disease, 5 a vascular form of senile dementia. Moreover, Brun and Englund 6 demonstrated these lesions in about 60% of patients with AD. However, periventricular ischemic white matter lesions in the elderly may be undetectable to the naked eye examination of the brain
Two-Dimensional Key Table-Based Group Key Distribution in Advanced Metering Infrastructure

A smart grid provides two-way communication by using the information and communication technology. In order to establish two-way communication, the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is used in the smart grid as the core infrastructure. This infrastructure consists of smart meters, data collection units, maintenance data management systems, and so on. However, potential security problems of the AMI increase owing to the application of the public network. This is because the transmitted information is electricity consumption data for charging. Thus, in order to establish a secure connection to transmit electricity consumption data, encryption is necessary, for which key distribution is required. Further, a group key is more efficient than a pairwise key in the hierarchical structure of the AMI. Therefore, we propose a group key distribution scheme using a two-dimensional key table through the analysis result of the sensor network group key distribution scheme. The proposed scheme has three phases: group key predistribution, selection of group key generation element, and generation of group key.
Detecting outlying trials in network meta‐analysis

Network meta‐analysis (NMA) expands the scope of a conventional pairwise meta‐analysis to simultaneously handle multiple treatment comparisons. However, some trials may appear to deviate markedly from the others and thus be inappropriate to be synthesized in the NMA. In addition, the inclusion of these trials in evidence synthesis may lead to bias in estimation. We call such trials trial‐level outliers. To the best of our knowledge, while heterogeneity and inconsistency in NMA have been extensively discussed and well addressed, few previous papers have considered the proper detection and handling of trial‐level outliers. In this paper, we propose several Bayesian outlier detection measures, which are then applied to a diabetes data set. Simulation studies comparing our approaches in both arm‐based and contrast‐based model settings are provided in two supporting appendices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the Risk for Developing a Second Malignancy From Scattered and Secondary Radiation In Radiation Therapy

AbstractWith the average age of radiation therapy patients decreasing and the advent of more complex treatment options comes the concern that the incidences of radiation-induced cancer might increase in the future. The carcinogenic effects of radiation are not well understood for the entire dose range experienced in radiation therapy. Longer epidemiologic studies are needed to improve current risk models and reduce uncertainties of current risk model parameters. On the other hand, risk estimations are needed today to judge the risks versus benefits of modern radiation therapy techniques. This paper describes the current state-of-the-art in risk modeling for radiation-induced malignancies in radiation therapy, distinguishing between two volumes: first, the organs within the main radiation field receiving low or intermediate doses (typically between 0.1 and 50 Gy); and second, the organs far away from the treatment volume receiving low doses mainly due to scattered and secondary radiation (typically below 0.1 Gy). The dosimetry as well as the risk model formalisms are outlined. Furthermore, example calculations and results are presented for intensity-modulated photon therapy versus proton therapy.
Evaluation of an annular denuder system for carbonaceous aerosol sampling of diesel engine emissions

Sampling of particle-phase organic carbon (OC) from diesel engines is complicated by adsorption and evaporation of semivolatile organic carbon (SVOC), defined as positive and negative artifacts, respectively. In order to explore these artifacts, an integrated organic gas and particle sampler (IOGAPS) was applied, in which an XAD-coated multichannel annular denuder was placed upstream to remove the gas-phase SVOC and two downstream sorbent-impregnated filters (SIFs) were employed to capture the evaporated SVOC. Positive artifacts can be reduced by using a denuder, but particle loss also occurs. This paper investigates the IOGAPS with respect to particle loss, denuder efficiency, and particle-phase OC artifacts by comparing OC, elemental carbon (EC), SVOC, and selected organic species, as well as particle size distributions. Compared to the filter pack methods typically used, the IOGAPS approach results in estimation of both positive and negative artifacts, especially the negative artifact. The positive and negative artifacts were 190 µg/m3 and 67 µg/m3, representing 122% and 43% of the total particle OC measured by the IOGAPS, respectively. However, particle loss and denuder break-through were also found to exist. Monitoring particle mass loss by particle number or EC concentration yielded similar results ranging from 10% to 24% depending upon flow rate. Using the measurements of selected particle-phase organic species to infer particle loss resulted in larger estimates, on the order of 32%. The denuder collection efficiency for SVOCs at 74 L/min was found to be less than 100%, with an average of 84%. In addition to these uncertainties the IOGAPS method requires a considerable amount of extra effort to apply. These disadvantages must be weighed against the benefits of being able to estimate positive artifacts and correct, with some uncertainty, for the negative artifacts when selecting a method for sampling diesel emissions. Implications: Measurements of diesel emissions are necessary to understand their adverse impacts. Much of the emissions is organic carbon covering a range of volatilities, complicating determination of the particle fraction because of sampling artifacts. In this paper an approach to quantify artifacts is evaluated for a diesel engine. This showed that 63% of the particle organic carbon typically measured could be the positive artifact while the negative artifact is about one-third of this value. However, this approach adds time and expense and leads to other uncertainties, implying that effort is needed to develop methods to accurately measure diesel emissions. Supplemental Materials: Supplemental materials are available for this paper. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management System.
Susceptibility to spina bifida; an association study of five candidate genes

Clues regarding candidate genes which influence susceptibility to spina bifida and anencephaly come from the identification of folate‐associated risk factors and from studies of mouse mutants showing neural tube anomalies. On this basis we selected five candidate genes; CBS, MS, MTHFR, T (Brachyury) and BRCA1 for genetic analysis in 31 Dutch and 48 British NTD families. Ten polymorphisms, two for each gene, were used in transmission tests for disequilibrium (TDT). In six instances more than 50 transmissions from heterozygous parents could be examined. Using TDT we find evidence for an association between an allele at the T gene and liability to NTD in the embryo. Data from British and Dutch populations showed the same trend and in combination gave a χ2TDT=4.89, P=0.03 (OR 2.39, CI 95% 1.02–5.61). No association, in either population group, was found for CBS, MS and MTHFR, the enzymes most directly associated with the known risk factors in folate metabolism. The possibility of complex genetic interactions was explored; the data show that a Gly919 MS variant occurs more frequently in combination with the MTHFR thermolabile variant in mothers of NTD offspring (OR 3.94, CI 95% 1.0–16.3).
Applications of Stability-Constrained Optimal Power Flow in the East China System

Stability-constrained optimal power flow (SOPF) models for reactive power reinforcement and HVDC control tuning are formulated, several derivative-free solution algorithms are presented and implemented in a prototype, and the behavior of the objective function value as injection space parameters vary is studied using a qualitative approach. Results of the East China 3296-bus system are provided.
Hydroxide in pyroxene : Variations in the natural environment

A suite of 51 pyroxenes from a wide range of geological environments was examined with infrared spectroscopy. Small amounts of OH occur in nearly all the samples, suggesting that OH groups are a minor component of most pyroxenes. The OH concentrations vary (0.002-0.12 \\'to/o OH) as a function of geological setting with the greatest amounts occurring in mantle-derived samples. The intensities of certain OH absorption bands are somewhat correlated with pyroxene composition, in particular with the presence of trivalent cations. This suggests that crystal chemical or compositional factors also control the OH incorporation. The OH incorporated in the pyroxene structure is easily distinguishable from OH owing to amphibole lamellae, which usually occur in diopsides and often in orthopyroxenes. OH in pyroxene is probably a function ofthe activity ofhydrous components during crystallization but may also depend on postcrystallization changes in the geological environment.
Exogenous NAD Blocks Cardiac Hypertrophic Response via Activation of the SIRT3-LKB1-AMP-activated Kinase Pathway*

Since the discovery of NAD-dependent deacetylases, sirtuins, it has been recognized that maintaining intracellular levels of NAD is crucial for the management of stress response of cells. Here we show that agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophy is associated with loss of intracellular levels of NAD, but not exercise-induced physiologic hypertrophy. Exogenous addition of NAD was capable of maintaining intracellular levels of NAD and blocking the agonist-induced cardiac hypertrophic response in vitro as well as in vivo. NAD treatment blocked the activation of pro-hypertrophic Akt1 signaling, and augmented the activity of anti-hypertrophic LKB1-AMPK signaling in the heart, which prevented subsequent induction of mTOR-mediated protein synthesis. By using gene knock-out and transgenic mouse models of SIRT3 and SIRT1, we showed that the anti-hypertrophic effects of exogenous NAD are mediated through activation of SIRT3, but not SIRT1. SIRT3 deacetylates and activates LKB1, thus augmenting the activity of the LKB1-AMPK pathway. These results reveal a novel role of NAD as an inhibitor of cardiac hypertrophic signaling, and suggest that prevention of NAD depletion may be critical in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.