Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ransomware Evolution, Growth and Recommendation for Detection

Ransomware is a malicious program that can affect any person or organization. Ransomware is a complicated malicious attack that aims at lock or encrypt user files. Up to this date, there is no individual method, tool, which guarantee to protect against ransomware. Most tools available can detect some types of ransomware but it fails to detect other types of ransomware. In this research author talks about several methods, tools, procedures which can be taken to reduce the possibility of ransomware occurrences. Up to this moment, the main methods used by attacker to infect your machine are malicious emails and malicious links. After analyzing several reports written by some anti-viruses’ company such as Kaspersky ,McAfee, and several researches which talks about ransomware, author conclude two points: first point, educating users, following up a strict security policy, procedures and backup strategies are the best methods which can be taken to minimize the possibility of ransomware. second point, future methods to detect ransomware mainly will be based on artificial intelligence.
How Do Legal Strategies Advance Social Accountability? Evaluating Mechanisms in Colombia

Abstract While prior studies have suggested that legal strategies offer promising tools for social accountability, the existing literature has not yet identified the underlying mechanisms that link legal strategies to accountability improvements. In this theory-building paper, we argue that there are four mechanisms by which legal strategies can enhance accountability. First, the courts can help those affected by policy failures to overcome the collective action problem. Second, courts can provide civil society with access to information about rights violations, malfeasance, and poor policy performance. Third, legal strategies can set in motion court-backed reforms that redress immediate rights violations and strengthen state capacity for more accountable governance. Fourth, court recognition can increase the symbolic and discursive resources of claimants, making their demands for accountability more effective. We illustrate these mechanisms through a comparative analysis of two policy arenas in Colombia, environment and healthcare – two areas in which civil society engagement with the judiciary opened up new routes for social accountability. By bridging the previously disconnected literatures on legal mobilisation and social accountability, this paper creates an analytical framework to understand the menu of options that citizens face about where and how to seek accountability from the state.
Indicadores de tecnología para medir la presencia global de un país

La ciencia, la tecnologia y la innovacion (CTI) constituyen un pilar basico para la comprension del desarrollo relativo alcanzado por los paises y, al mismo tiempo, son un elemento clave para aproximar las posibilidades de acceso a un mayor grado de presencia global. La internacionalizacion de flujos, actividades y factores implica considerar necesariamente el ambito externo de los sistemas nacionales de innovacion y es por ello que los conceptos ligados a las formas que adopta la internacionalizacion de la CTI sirven de base para justificar las mediciones y los indicadores de este proceso. En este documento se aborda la idoneidad de los indicadores disponibles en el ambito de la tecnologia con el proposito de argumentar tanto sus puntos fuertes como debiles para su posible inclusion en la dimension blanda del Indice Elcano de Presencia Global. La primera seccion contiene una introduccion a las bases conceptuales, a la que le sigue, en la seccion segunda, una revision de indicadores disponibles. La seccion tercera responde la pregunta de por que seria necesario modificar el indicador actual de tecnologia, mientras que en la seccion cuarta se discute la propuesta alternativa de indicadores. Finalmente, la seccion quinta esboza algunas consideraciones de caracter
Exploring the Three-Way Destination Safety Solution to Crisis Management in Tourist Destinations in Rural Nigeria

Development of tourist destinations is among topical issues in national discourse for economic growth and sustainability. The past two decades have witnessed massive development and investment in tourist destinations in rural areas. This is owing to the fact that rural tourism has been identified as among the development options for rural communities in most developing nations. Of recent, crisis and other safety issues have been among the militating factors against tourist destinations hence the cry for destination safety. These are said to emanate from the activities of the three major principals in the management of tourist destinations (hosts, tourism resources, and tourists/visitors). Incidentally, destination safety discourse is source of worry for these principal factors in tourist destination management. This has left many tourist destinations devastated, abandoned and abused. However, this chapter proposal would seek to identify the way out of this predicament. It tends to explore the meaning and application of the three-way destination safety (TWaDeSS) model in the management of crisis at tourist destinations in rural Nigeria. This will not only promote harmony among the three major principals in tourist destination but also enhance the rate of investment as a result of quality crisis control in these destinations.
New Perspectives on the Diagnosis and Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Touch MEdical MEdia 73 Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder that occurs in around one in 5,000 male births. The prevalence of DMD is expected to rise due to improved standards of care and implementation of guidelines, leading to longer survival. Specialist genetic confirmation of a DMD diagnosis is typically followed by access to specialist care and treatment: the exact DMD-causing mutation should be identified because it can influence prognosis and identify patients eligible for treatment. Since the majority of patients has a deletion or duplication of one or more exons (~70 %), generally multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification suffices to identify the mutation. Exon sequencing is performed to pick up small mutations (~30 %). Greater awareness of DMD is needed among healthcare professionals to enable earlier diagnosis, which would facilitate family planning, as well as patient care and treatment. In DMD patients who are still able to walk, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) has been shown to be a valid measure of physical functioning and a predictor of disease progression, with high inter-test reliability. In a study of the natural history of DMD, change in 6MWT of around 30 metres has been indicated to be clinically relevant and clinically meaningful. DMD patients responded to treatment as shown by the improvement in the 6MWT score in the large multinational trial of the nonsense mutation readthrough agent, ataluren (TranslarnaTM) 40 mg/kg/day, where treatment was associated with a 31.3 metres improvement on the 6MWT distance, after 48 weeks, compared with placebo. The Translational Research in Europe–Assessment & Treatment of Neuromuscular Diseases (TREAT-NMD) network was launched to provide an infrastructure to accelerate research and therapy development, increasing collaboration, improving patient care and helping to support ‘clinical trial readiness’. As such, the TREAT-NMD registry network is well placed to support further understanding of DMD and the impact of therapies that may be used over the long term, permitting a host of research questions to be explored.
Emergency preparedness curriculum: Essential skills for nurses responding in disasters

ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS . iv DEDICATION . vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . xvii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 Statement of the Problem and Definition of Terms . 2 Research of the Problem . 3 Purpose of the Study or Rationale . 4 Research Questions . 4 Significance of the Study . 4 Significance for Nursing Practice . 5 Significance for Nursing Research . 5 Significance for Nursing Education . 6 Summary . 7 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 9 Benner’s Theories . 9 Expertise in Nursing . 10 Novice to Expert . 10 Radical Transformation in Nursing Curriculum . 11 Decontextualized versus Contextualized . 12 Experiential Learning.13
Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Unani Toothpowder (Payorin) on Plaque and Gingivitis A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Dental plaque, known as dental biofilm, is implicated as the primary etiological agent responsible for oral inflammatory diseases. Dentifrices are commonly used for oral hygiene with some formulated with antimicrobial agents to control plaque. There is little information regarding the effects of Unani Medicine based toothpowder on controlling dental plaque and gingivitis amongst Indian subjects. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Unani toothpowder (Payorin) in alleviating gingivitis, controlling dental plaque, and inhibiting extrinsic stains. Methodology: A single-blind, parallel arm 6-month randomized clinical trial (RCT) was carried out on 100 subjects ageing 30-40 yrs. After an oral and periodontal examination subjects were divided into test(tooth powder=50) and control group(tooth paste=50). All participants received an adult-sized, soft-bristled toothbrush, and were instructed to brush their teeth for 2-3 minute two times a day, using the Bass technique, and to refrain from any other oral hygiene procedures throughout the duration of the study. Plaque, gingivitis and external stain assessments were carried out on at baseline, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks. Results: Plaque index, gingival index and Lobene index showed a linear decrease from baseline to 24 weeks. However there was no significant difference between the parameters measured in the two groups at 24 months. Conclusion: Both the dentifrices (toothpowder and toothpaste) were able to reduce plaque, gingivitis and stain although no additional benefit of the toothpowder over the positive control toothpaste could be observed.
Treatment Overview of an Intensive Group Outpatient Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

ABSTRACT Evidence-based outpatient treatment protocols for anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder have been demonstrated to be helpful for about half of children; however, a significant portion of treatment-seeking youth remain symptomatic and with impaired functioning. Innovations in the delivery of cognitive-behavioral treatments may allow for enhanced effectiveness. This article describes the design and implementation of an intensive, group-based cognitive-behavioral therapy program with a focus on exposure and response prevention for youth (ages 7–19) with anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The multicomponent treatment involves psychoeducational groups, graduated in vivo exposure, family sessions, parent guidance groups, and psychopharmacologic consultation. Youth participate in treatment 4 times per week (3 group days and 1 family treatment day), for 2½ to 3 hr per day, for at least 4 weeks. In this article we provide preliminary outcomes and describe plans for evaluating the treatment more comprehensively.
Erector Spinae Plane Block in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Is There a Difference? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The ultrasound (US)-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block and oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane (OSTAP) block are used to decrease postoperative pain and subsequently opioids consumption. Aim: The aim was to test the hypothesis that US-guided ESP blocks can produce more reduction in opioid usage during the first 24 h after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared to OSTAP block. Settings and Design: Seventy adult patients (20–60 years old) who were planned to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were allocated in three groups in randomized controlled trial. Materials and Methods: The three groups received either port site infiltration, US-guided bilateral ESP block (ESP group), or OSTAP (OSTAP group) with bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.25%. Statistical Analysis: Postoperative 24 h Morphine consumption, visual analogue scale (VAS), the intraoperative fentanyl (μg) and equivalent morphine dose in the recovery unit were recorded and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean 24-h morphine consumption was statistically significant between groups (P < 0.001), but it was insignificant between ESP and OSTAP (P = 0.173). Median (range) and interquartile range of intraoperatively consumed fentanyl showed significance between the three groups (P < 0.001). There was insignificance between ESP block Group II and OSTAP block Group III (P = 0.95) by post hoc analysis. The mean values of VAS at both rest and movement of the control group were significantly higher than the ESP block group at 6 and 12 h postoperative. Conclusion: Bilateral US-guided ESP block was found to be as effective as bilateral US OSTAP block. There was more decrease in intraoperative rescue fentanyl, PACU morphine analgesia, 24-h morphine, and pain assessment score in both groups than the control port-site infiltration group. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03398564.
Tailoring psoriasis therapy: Towards a safer and more effective systemic treatment

Plaque type psoriasis, the focus of this thesis, is by far the most common clinical form of psoriasis with 80% of psoriasis patients suffering from it. Plaque type psoriasis, also known as psoriasis vulgaris, can occur everywhere on the skin and is characterized by well-defined, indurated erythematous scaly plaques. It mostly occurs at preferred body sites (elbows, knees, scalp, lumbosacral region, umbillicus). This thesis focuses on the treatment of plaque type psoriasis with methotrexate and biologicals. The goal is to optimize existing treatments. In the first part we focus on the safety and effectiveness of biological and methotrexate treatment of psoriasis in a daily practice setting. In the second part we focus on personalizing existing treatments with methotrexate and biologicals.
Optimal Energy Storage System Positioning and Sizing with Robust Optimization

Energy storage systems can improve the uncertainty and variability related to renewable energy sources such as wind and solar create in power systems. Aside from applications such as frequency regulation, time-based arbitrage, or the provision of the reserve, where the placement of storage devices is not particularly significant, distributed storage could also be used to improve congestions in the distribution networks. In such cases, the optimal placement of this distributed storage is vital for making a cost-effective investment. Furthermore, the now reached massive spread of distributed renewable energy resources in distribution systems, intrinsically uncertain and non-programmable, together with the new trends in the electric demand, often unpredictable, require a paradigm change in grid planning for properly lead with the uncertainty sources and the distribution system operators (DSO) should learn to support such change. This paper considers the DSO perspective by proposing a methodology for energy storage placement in the distribution networks in which robust optimization accommodates system uncertainty. The proposed method calls for the use of a multi-period convex AC-optimal power flow (AC-OPF), ensuring a reliable planning solution. Wind, photovoltaic (PV), and load uncertainties are modeled as symmetric and bounded variables with the flexibility to modulate the robustness of the model. A case study based on real distribution network information allows the illustration and discussion of the properties of the model. An important observation is that the method enables the system operator to integrate energy storage devices by fine-tuning the level of robustness it willing to consider, and that is incremental with the level of protection. However, the algorithm grows more complex as the system robustness increases and, thus, it requires higher computational effort.
Prise en charge de la douleur chronique chez l'adulte en Ile-de-France

R E S U M E : Objectifs: decrire la population des patients douloureux chroniques, comparer les pratiques des medecins avec les recommandations de l'Anaes publiees en 1999 et interroger ceux-ci sur leurs difficultes et leurs besoins dans la prise en charge de ces malades. Methode: les systemes informationnels ont permis la selection des patients d'Ile-de-France affilies aux trois principaux regimes dAssurance maladie ayant presente au remboursement une prescription medicale durant trois mois consecutifs comportant au moins un medicament antalgique de palier II ou III et (ou) un medicament antimigraineux. A partir d'un echantillon tire au sort, un recueil d'informations a ete realise a l'aide d'une part de requetes informatiques, d'autre part de deux questionnaires completes pour l'un par les prescripteurs et pour l'autre parles medecins-conseils lors d'entretien avec les patients. Resultats:1815 patients (1515 non migraineux et 300 migraineux) et 1502 prescripteurs ont participe a l'etude. Les patients etaient totalement ou tres soulages dans 35 % des cas (60 % pour les patients migraineux). Le retentissement de la douleur chronique sur le moral et la vie quotidienne concemait plus de 60 % des patients y compris quand le soulagement etait le plus important. Parmi les prescripteurs connaissant les recommandations de l'Anaes (51%), 60 % ont declare des difficultes d'application. Les outils d'evaluation du malade douloureux chronique etaient peu connus hormis les echelles de mesure de l'intensite de la douleur (73 %) qui etaient egalement les plus utilisees en evaluation initiale et suivi (40 %). L'etude a montre une prise en charge adaptee des patients a plus fort retentissement et plus faible soulagement. Les difficultes de prise en charge du patient exprimees par les medecins etaient liees aux facteurs psychologiques dans 54 % des cas, a l'intrication des pathologies dans 59 % des cas. Les prescripteurs souhaitaient avoir a disposition des informations sur la douleur a remettre au patient (46 %) et exprimaient un besoin de formation (63 %). Conclusion: Si l'evaluation de la douleur chronique est integree dans la pratique des prescripteurs, les resultats de cette etude suggerent de developper une formation adaptee aux besoins exprimes et de mettre en place une strategie d'utilisation des outils d'evaluation en particulier pour les echelles de mesure de l'intensite de la douleur et la grille d'evaluation du retentissement emotionnel.
Noninvasive Tools Used Nowadays in both, Clinical Practice and Trials in Order to Assess Blood Pressure

Hypertension affects currently around 1 billion people worldwide and cardiovascular disease remains the most frequent cause of mortality worldwide. Hypertension societies publish cyclically recommendations how to diagnose and manage this illness. Some of them describes tools used to diagnose this disease, others do not. However nowadays many new methods are introduced to assess blood pressure (BP) values. Some of them allow only to obtain central or systolic BP, others are used currently only in animal studies. Some studies proved that they may be a useful tool to assess BP values noninvasive in the future. Here we present a short review regarding methods described in literature to assess BP.
Identifying Attitudes and Beliefs of United States Veterans About Art Therapy as a Viable Treatment Option for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

This study used quantitative survey methodology to determine how United States veterans’ attitudes and beliefs about alternative art therapy compared to their attitudes and beliefs about evidence-based treatments already accepted by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for treating war-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Veterans from a demographically representative U.S. sample were surveyed about art therapy as an effective treatment for PTSD, relative to currently available treatment options offered by the VA. Respondents also were asked whether they would perceive stigma associated with the use of art therapy. Finally, differences in their likelihood of seeking art therapy were examined based on demographics including gender, age, race, and branch of military. U.S. veterans were recruited using a convenience sample (N=32) and self-reported their PTSD diagnosis, attitudes about art therapy, and potential stigma associated with seeking art therapy treatment. The majority of participants (65.6%) indicated that they would try art therapy but were split on whether or not they thought they would experience stigma as a result. Interestingly, no respondents indicated being familiar with art therapy as a treatment for PTSD. Demographically, a higher percentage of females endorsed a likelihood of trying art therapy than males. In addition, White people had a more favorable attitude toward trying art therapy when compared to minorities. Overall, this study was the first to demonstrate perceived benefits of U.S. veterans for the use of art therapy as an efficacious treatment for PTSD. Thus, the current work may inform the development of education materials to increase awareness of art therapy as an intervention for PTSD in U.S. Veterans.
Frequency of the JAK2 Mutation and Its Usefulness as a Marker for Treatment Response and Disease Progression in Korean Patients with Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders.

Background: The recent discovery of a single point mutation in the JAK2 gene (V617F) is a major advance in our understanding of the pathogenesis of BCR/ABL-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD). The frequency of the JAK2 V617F mutation in CMPD differs according to methods and research groups. We investigated the frequency of JAK2 mutations in Korean CMPD patients and demonstrated their usefulness as a new molecular marker for treatment response and disease progression in BCR/ABL-negative CMPD using quantitative real time PCR and pyrosequencing. Methods: Seventy-eight patients with BCR/ABL-negative CMPD comprising 42 cases of essential thrombocythemia (ET), 26 of polycythemia vera (PV), 7 with idiopathic myelofibrosis (MF), and 3 unclassifiable (UC) CMPD were enrolled in this study. A 364-bp PCR product containing the JAK2 V617F mutation was sequenced in both directions from total bone marrow cells. Restriction enzyme-based assessment with Bsa XI was also used to search for JAK2 mutations. A quantitative real-time PCR-based allelic discrimination assay and pyrosequencing (Pyrosequencer PSQ96) were used to quantify the JAK2 V617F mutation status. Results: A single JAK2 V617F point mutation was identified in 20 (77%) of 26 patients with PV, 12 (26%) of 42 with ET, 7 (100%) of 7 with MF, and 2 (67%) of 3 with UC. The V617F mutation was present in over half of Korean patients with BCR/ABL-negative CMPD, giving an overall frequency of 53%. The proportion of mutant alleles ranged from 36 to 100% in the real-time PCR and pyrosequencing analysis. Patients with MF had a higher percentage of JAK2 mutant alleles than patients with ET (MF>PV>ET). PV patients (n=8) with a good response (phlebotomy only) had a relatively low proportion (58.9±20.1%) of the JAK2 mutant, while patients (n=9) showing a poor response (additional chemotherapy) initially had a higher proportion (76.6±19.0%; p =0.04185). Conclusion: The frequency of the JAK2 V617F mutation in Korean patients with PV was lower than that in reports from Western countries, although the overall frequency in Korean patients with BCR/ABL-negative CMPD was similar to previous reports. The results also suggest that the JAK2 mutation (quantification of JAK2 mutant alleles) can be used as a new marker for treatment response and disease progression in BCR/ABL-negative CMPD using quantitative real-time PCR or pyrosequencing.