Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPECIALIZATION AND LOCAL ADAPTATION OF A FUNGAL PARASITE ON TWO HOST PLANT SPECIES AS REVEALED BY TWO FITNESS TRAITS

Abstract We investigate the geographic pattern of adaptation of a fungal parasite, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, on two host species, Phaseolus vulgaris and P. coccineus for two parasite fitness traits: infectivity (ability to attack a host individual) and aggressivity (degree of sporulation and leaf surface damage). Using a cross-inoculation experiment, we show specialization of the fungus on its host species of origin for both traits even when fungi, which originated from hosts growing in sympatry, were tested on sympatric host populations. Within the two host species, we compared infectivity and aggressivity on local versus allopatric plant–fungus combinations. We found evidence for local adaptation for the two traits on P. vulgaris but not on P. coccineus. There was no significant correlation between the degrees of local adaptation for infectivity and aggressivity, indicating that the genetic basis and the effect of selection may differ between these two traits. For the two fitness traits, a positive correlation between the degree of specialization and the degree of local adaptation was found, suggesting that specialization can be reinforced by local adaptation.
Performance Analysis of the Time-Based and Periodogram-Based Energy Detector for Spectrum Sensing

Classically, an energy detector is implemented in time domain (TD). However, frequency domain (FD) based energy detector has demonstrated an improved performance. This paper presents a comparison between the two approaches as to analyze their pros and cons. A detailed performance analysis of the classical TD energy-detector and the periodogram based detector is performed. Exact and approximate mathematical expressions for probability of false alarm (Pf) and probability of detection (Pd) are derived for both approaches. The derived expressions naturally lead to an analytical as well as intuitive reasoning for the improved performance of (Pf) and (Pd) in different scenarios. Our analysis suggests the dependence improvement on buffer sizes. Pf is improved in FD, whereas Pd is enhanced in TD based energy detectors. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations results demonstrate the analysis reached by the derived expressions. Keywords—Cognitive radio, energy detector, periodogram, spectrum sensing.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Differentiation-linked Human K4 Promoter Is Dependent upon Esophageal-specific Nuclear Factors*

The stratified squamous epithelium comprises actively proliferating basal cells that undergo a program of differentiation accompanied by morphological, biochemical, and genetic changes. The transcriptional regulatory signals and the genes that orchestrate this switch from proliferation to differentiation can be studied through the keratin gene family. Given the localization of keratin 4 (K4) to the early differentiated suprabasal compartment and having previously demonstrated that targeted disruption of this gene in murine embryonic stem cells results in impairment of the normal differentiation program in esophageal and corneal epithelial cells, we studied the transcriptional regulation of the human K4 promoter. A panel of K4 promoter deletions were found in transient transfection assays to be predominantly active in esophageal and corneal cell lines. A critical cis-regulatory element resides between −163 and −140 bp and contains an inverted CACACCT motif. A site-directed mutated version of this motif within the K4 promoter renders it inactive, whereas the wild-type version is active in a heterologous promoter system. It specifically binds esophageal-specific zinc-dependent transcriptional factors. Our studies demonstrate that regulation of the human K4 promoter is in part mediated through tissue-specific transcriptional factors.
In vivo measurement of T2 distributions and water contents in normal human brain

Using a 32‐echo imaging pulse sequence, T2 relaxation decay curves were acquired from five white‐ and six gray‐matter brain structures outlined in 12 normal volunteers. The water contents of white and gray matter were 0.71 (0.01) and 0.83 (0.03) g/ml, respectively. All white‐matter structures had significantly higher myelin water percentages (signal percentage with T2 between 10 and 50 ms) than all gray‐matter structures. The range in geometric mean T2 of the main peak for both white and gray matter was from 70 to 86 ms. T2 distributions from the posterior internal capsules and splenium of the corpus callosum were significantly wider (width is related to water environment inhomogeneity) than those from any other white‐ or gray‐matter structures. Thus, quantitative measurement and analysis of T2 relaxation reveals differences in brain tissue water environments not discernible on conventional MR images. These differences may make short T2 components reliable markers for normal myelin.
Dental plaque fermentation and its role in caries risk assessment

In contemporary dental practice, the role of dental plaque fermentation in the dental caries disease process is well understood, but difficult to assay for and to demonstrate to patients as an educational and motivational tool. This paper provides an overview of the current concepts of dental plaque fermentation with reference to the health/unhealthy biofilm concept of dental plaque. It explains the basis for chairside tests for plaque fermentation, and identifies measures which can be targeted to address production of harmful organic acids by dental plaque.
Spatial Aspects of a Smallpox Epidemic in a Small Brazilian City

AN EPIDEMIC is usually recognized as only a phenomenon in time, but a disease also occurs in space. Moreover, when a contagious disease is being considered, the spatial distribution of cases clearly is fundamental to characterize epidemicity and to study the mechanism of the epidemic progression (epidemic flow, stream, or path). ' For a demonstration of a time pattern, there may be an optimal geographic area that would be less satisfactory, for one set of reasons, if it were smaller and, for another set of reasons, if it were larger. Conversely, there may be an optimal period of time for the demonstration of geographic concentrations of cases. Studies of contagious disease frequently omit an adequate description of the spatial distribution of cases.2 Analytical studies of the spatial component of the concept of epidemicity are few. P. Stocks and M. Karns analyzed the spread of measles during 1926 in the St. Pancras Borough of London. The borough was divided into halfmile squares in order to identify the ratio of actual to expected cases in each square with respect to the "epidemic center" (modal square). 3 Amplitude of waves and their time to traverse a square were used to obtain a rough measure of the rate of propagation of epidemic waves. Recently, A. Gilg used an essentially similar procedure in combination with other analytical methods to study an epidemic of fowl-pest.4 John M. Hunter and Johnathan C. Young conducted cartographic and autocorrelation analyses of the influence of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on the observed spatial patterns of Asian influenza incidence in England.5 Gerald Pyle used a comparable approach to study incidence of measles in Akron, Ohio.6 With diffusion theory as his basis, Peter Haggett proposed various models for the analysis of measles epidemics.7 Juan Angulo and Haggett with their associates employed trend-
The 13th Annual Asia Pacific Conference on Vision, 2017

The 13th Annual Asia Pacific Conference on Vision, 2017 The 13th annual Asia Pacific Conference on Vision was held in Tainan, Taiwan. The APCV2017 organizing committees have put together a full and exciting meeting this year with over 161 presentations, including three invited keynote speech, six invited symposia, four self-organized symposia, six oral sessions and three poster sessions. There were 189 researchers from 18 different countries who presented work on a broad range of vision science. The organizing committee thank them all for their contributions. The Abstracts are provided below. Keynote talks are presented first and then the others are listed by session.
Physical layer secrecy performance of energy harvesting networks with power transfer station selection

This paper investigates the impact of power transfer station selection on the physical layer secrecy performance of radio frequency energy harvesting (EH) networks. The best power transfer station is selected among multiple power transfer stations in EH networks to increase the harvested power of energy constrained users. The exact closed-form expressions of existence probability of secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability are derived based on using statistical characteristics of Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical and simulation results are presented to confirm the correctness of our analysis.
Recognition of HLA‐G by the NK cell receptor KIR2DL4 is not essential for human reproduction

A central issue of reproductive immunology in mammals is why a semi‐allogeneic embryo is not rejected by the pregnant mother. This is particularly intriguing since, in different species, the early pregnant uterus is infiltrated by numerous maternal lymphocytes, predominantly NK cells. The human NK cell receptor KIR2DL4 has been implicated in the maternal tolerance to the embryo due to its recognition of HLA‐G, a non‐classical MHC molecule expressed preferentially in the placenta. Killer cell Ig‐like receptors (KIR) are believed to participate in the natural immunity to infection and tumors, but KIR2DL4 has unique structural, functional and genetic features that could confer it a different role. However, we demonstrate here that the KIR2DL4:HLA‐G interaction is not essential for human reproduction by showing that a multiparous woman lacks a KIR2DL4 gene.
Asymmetric photolysis of (RS)-leucine with circularly polarized ultraviolet light.

(RS)-leucine in 0.1 M HCl solution has been subjected to photolysis with 212.8-nm right (R-) and left circularly polarized light (LCPL) obtained from a laser source. RCPL preferentially photolyzed the (R)-leucine component and LCPL the (S)-leucine component of the RS substrate. The enantiomeric excess produced were 1.98% for the 59% conversion with RCPL and 2.50% for the 75% conversion with LCPL. These 'equal and opposite' effects represent the second highest enantiomeric enrichments yet reported for an asymmetric photolysis and the first ever reported for a prebiotically important substrate - an amino acid. Implications regarding the origin of optical activity are briefly discussed.
Host Absence of CCR5 Potentiates Dendritic Cell Vaccination1

Previous work has shown that dendritic cells (DCs) express specific chemokine receptors that allow for coordinated movement in vivo. To test the in vivo relevance of this, we used a murine melanoma system and knockout mice to investigate the function of the chemokine receptor CCR5 and its ligands, CCR ligand (CCL)3 and CCL5. We found that the lack of CCR5 in the host mouse resulted in delayed tumor growth, but this effect was overcome at a higher tumor load. With the administration of tumor charged DCs, CCR5−/− mice that had previously been injected with tumor were completely protected from tumor. This effect was dependent on the dose of tumor cells and the expression of CCR5 on the DC and its absence in the host. In contrast, the loss of the CCR5 ligand, CCL3, led to an early delay in tumor growth that did not persist, while the absence of the CCR5 ligand, CCL5, had no effect. Blocking the activity of CCR5 in the host may represent a new strategy for enhancing the activity of a therapeutic melanoma DC vaccine.
Managing Type 1 Diabetes at School: An Integrative Review

This integrative literature review examines research studies that describe the care of the student with type 1 diabetes at school and interventions to improve care. Participants of the studies include school nurses, counselors, staff, administrators, parents, and students with diabetes. The studies reviewed use a descriptive approach in examining care delivered with one study adding a qualitative approach for validation of results. The findings identified needed improvement in the following areas: communication, after-school support, education of staff and peers, school nurse availability, and lunch choices. The school nurse must advocate for the student with type 1 diabetes in each area of concern, especially in ensuring education of school staff who often provide care to these students.
Mood and emotional symptoms in eating disordered patients

Anna Brytek-Matera: Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University Paul Verlaine-Metz, Institute of Psychology, Chair of General Psychology, University of Silesia; Correspondence address: Anna Brytek-Matera University of Silesia, Institute of Psychology – Chair of General Psychology 53 Grażyńskiego Str. 40-126 Katowice, Poland; E-mail: abrytek@ us.edu. pl Mood and emotional symptoms in eating disordered patients
An E-band antenna-diplexer compact integrated solution based on gap waveguide technology

In this paper, a novel compact integrated antenna-diplexer for Frequency-division duplex low latency wireless backhaul links at E-band is presented. The proposed solution is designed in a multilayer architecture with each layer having different functional blocks. The layers have been stacked on top of each other without any electrical contact requirement between them. This is achieved by using packaging property of gap waveguide technology. A corporate-fed 16 × 16 slot array antenna is integrated with a 5th order diplexer. The simulated reflection coefficients are better than −13 dB for both input ports in the designed passbands. The simulated realized gains at the middle of channel 1 (73.5 GHz) and channel 2 (83.5 GHz) are respectively 31.8 dBi and 32.9 dBi, obtaining a high isolation of 50 dB between the two input ports.
Analysis of hydroscape degradation after the strong disconnection of the Danube Floodplain, Lobau post 1938

Die Lobau ist ein ehemalig angebundenes Augebiet der Donau im Osten Wiens. Seit der Donauregulierung im Jahre 1875 hat sich ihr Landschaftsbild drastisch verandert, was mit der Verlandung der Altarme, einem sinkender Grundwasserspiegel und dem Voranschreiten des Auwaldes einhergeht. Viele aquatische und semiaquatische Habitate sind fur gefahrdete Arten schon verschwunden. Eine multitemporale Landschaftsanalyse wurde mittels Luftbildern von 1938 bis zum Jahre 2004 durchgefuhrt, um die raumliche Verteilung der amphibischen Flachen- und Wasserkorperveranderungen zu dokumentieren und zu quantifizieren. Mittels hydrologischer Daten wurde weiters untersucht, in wie weit die Veranderungen mit allgemein bekannten Faktoren fur die Flachenveranderungen zusammenhangen. Die Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass sich vor allem die amphibischen Flachen gegenuber den Wasserkorpern verringerten. Der Wald scheint sich daher starker auszubreiten, als die Wasserkorper verlanden. In den Hauptarmen der Lobau nahm die Bedeutung des Verlusts amphibischer Flachen gegenuber dem von Wasserkorpern mit dem Grad der Entkoppelung vom Hauptgerinne zu. In den isolierten Seitenarmen hingegen waren die Verluste beider Flachentypen am Grosten. Dementsprechend haben sich die starksten Verluste amphibischer Flachen in den Seitenarmen, aber auch im Hauptarm des obersten Sektors gezeigt. Dort wurde sogar eine Beschleunigung des Voranschreitens des Waldes festgestellt. Weiters hat die Untersuchung gezeigt, dass Waldwachstum in Zeiten haufiger Uberflutungen eingeschrankt gewesen zu sein scheint. Der Verlust von Wasserflachen konnte im Hauptarm allerdings nur im untersten Sektor der Lobau festgestellt werden. Allogener Sedimenteintrag scheint daher zu einem starkeren Flachenverlust zu fuhren als die Auflandung durch autogen produzierte Feinsedimente. Die Seitenarme zeigten zwar die starksten Verluste von Wasserflache, allerdings nur in bestimmten Zeitintervallen. Neben Verlandungserscheinungen stellen somit auch das Voranschreiten des Waldes, der Verlust von Biodiversitat in Auwaldarten und die negativen Auswirkungen stark eingeschrankter Stromung ein wichtiges Argument fur zukunftige Anbindungsmasnahmen der Lobau dar.
Relation between emotional state and speech signal

Automatic emotion recognition from human speech signal has many important practical applications. For the reason, a number of studies has been performed on the basis of English, German, Mandarin, Persian, and Danish languages. This work intends to develop automatic emotion recognition system on the basis of speech signal in Indonesia language. The study is limited to four emotional states, namely, happy, sad, angry, and fear. The speech data are collected from amateur actors and actresses, and are further quantified using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient to provide 48 emotion-related features. Finally, these features are used for emotion classification using Support Vector Machine method. The results suggest that the recognition can achieve about 86% of the level of accuracy.
Fatigue After Liver Transplantation: Effects of a Rehabilitation Program Including Exercise Training and Physical Activity Counseling

Background It is hypothesized that increasing physical fitness and daily physical activity can lead to a reduction in fatigue. However, standard medical care following liver transplantation seldom includes rehabilitation that focuses on physical fitness and physical activity. Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether a rehabilitation program can reduce fatigue in recipients of liver transplants. Furthermore, effects on physical fitness, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk were studied, and adherence, satisfaction, and adverse events were assessed. Design This was an uncontrolled intervention study. Setting The study took place in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic. Patients Eighteen recipients of a liver transplant who were fatigued participated in a 12-week rehabilitation program including physical exercise training and counseling on physical activity. The primary outcome measure was fatigue. Other outcome measures were: aerobic capacity, muscle strength, body fat, daily physical activity, lipid profile, and glycemic control. All measurements were performed before and after the rehabilitation program. Adherence, satisfaction, and adverse events were registered. Results After the program, participants were significantly less fatigued, and the percentage of individuals with severe fatigue was 22% to 53% lower than before the program. In addition, aerobic capacity and knee flexion strength were significantly higher, and body fat was significantly lower after the program. Participants were able to perform physical exercise at the target training intensity, no adverse events were registered, and attendance (93%) and mean patient satisfaction (8.5 out of 10, range=7–10) were high. Limitations No control group was used in the study. Conclusions A rehabilitation program consisting of exercise training and physical activity counseling is well tolerated and seems promising in reducing fatigue and improving fitness among recipients of liver transplants.
Effects of hyperthermia on Hsp27 (HSPB1), Hsp72 (HSPA1A) and DNA repair proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 in human colorectal cancer hMLH1-deficient and hMLH1-proficient cell lines

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to examine the consequences of a mild hyperthermia in human tumour cell lines deficient and proficient in the DNA mismatch repair system (MMR) to advance our understanding on the relationship between MMR and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Materials and methods: The human colon carcinoma cell lines HCT116 (parent cells), HCT116 + ch2 (MMR-deficient), and HCT116 + ch3 (MMR-proficient) were used. Cells were incubated at 41°C and 42°C for 1 h and then at 37°C for 4 and 24 h. The expression of Hsp27 and Hsp72 was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Hsp27, Hsp72, hMLH1 and hMSH2 levels were assessed by western blotting in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. The alkaline comet assay was used to evaluate the DNA damage. Results: The mild hyperthermia significantly increased the protein expression levels of Hsp27 and Hsp72 in all cell lines, which was higher in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HCT116 + ch3 cells. We also observed that heat induced translocation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in HCT116 + ch3 cells. The comet assay revealed that HCT116 parent cells were more resistant to heat-induced DNA damage. However, the MMR-proficient and deficient cell lines repaired the DNA damage at the same rate. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that hyperthermia induced the nuclear accumulation of Hsp27 and Hsp72 and affected the subcellular localisation of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in HCT116 + ch3 cells. Our findings suggest that the MMR system is not a direct determining factor for the different heat shock response in HCT116 cells.
RESEARCH FROM THE COASTAL PLAIN EXPERIMENT STATION, TIFTON, GEORGIA, TO MINIMIZE AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUT

Scientists with the U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and scientists with the University of Georgia located at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, Georgia, have been conducting research on aflatoxin contamination of peanut since the early 1960s. Early efforts were focused on identifying the risk factors for increased aflatoxin contamination and helped to document the importance of drought, high soil temperatures, and pod damage. Later efforts were focused on the development of screening techniques and the identification of sources of resistance to Aspergillus colonization and/or aflatoxin contamination. This laid the foundation for a conventional resistance breeding program and has resulted in the development of peanut breeding lines that have high yield and low aflatoxin contamination relative to standard control cultivars. Recent research efforts include studies on the use of molecular genetic approaches to reduce aflatoxin contamination. This includes the evaluation of genetically engineered peanut and the development of molecular markers.
Bounds for the Laplacian spectral radius of graphs

This paper is a survey on the upper and lower bounds for the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix, known as the Laplacian spectral radius, of a graph. The bounds are given as functions of graph parameters like the number of vertices, the number of edges, degree sequence, average 2-degrees, diameter, covering number, domination number, independence number and other parameters.
Fasciola hepatica in the rat: immune responses associated with the development of resistance to infection

Summary F. hepatica infections were established in rats and immune responses were monitored during primary and challenge infections. Antibody levels peaked at 3 weeks post‐primary infection and at 6 days post‐challenge infection. No significant correlation was found between antibody titre and number of flukes recovered at autopsy. Immunoblotting revealed a limited number of immunoge‐nic polypeptides. When antibodies from these reactive bands were eluted and tested by IFA they all gave identical binding patterns: on juvenile fluke sections tegumental syncytium. tegumental cells and gut cells were labelled, while on adult sections the same antibodies labelled gut cells, reproductive tissue, excretory ducts and flame cells. This suggested that these tissues shared a common epitope or range of epitopes. A pronounced eosinophilia was observed throughout the infection period studied and infected liver sections showed massive cellular infiltration. Histochemical and immunocytochemical investigation of infected liver revealed the presence of large numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and phagocytes. The implications of these findings, to an understanding of concomitant immunity in the rat are discussed.