Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization of PICH, a DNA-dependent ATPase required for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis

PICH (Plk1-interacting checkpoint helicase), a DNA-dependent ATPase, was identified as a binding partner and substrate of Plk1. During mitosis, PICH localizes to the centromere/KTs of condensed mitotic chromosomes and to ultra-fine DNA bridges (UFBs) during anaphase. Upon depletion or chemical inhibition of Plk1, PICH localizes to the chromosome arms, suggesting that the kinase activity of Plk1 regulates the dynamic localization of PICH. In addition, PICH (bound to Plk1) has been proposed to function in prometaphase chromosome arm architecture and cohesion. Here, two questions were asked: how is the dynamic localization of PICH regulated and what is the mitotic function of PICH? In the first part of this thesis, we identify the ATPase activity of PICH as being essential for its correct subcellular localization and show that ATPase-dead mutants of PICH localize to the chromosome arms. Rescue experiments with a mutant of PICH that is unable to interact with Plk1 imply that the kinase activity of Plk1 is only indirectly required to delocalize PICH from the chromosome arms. This suggests that an unknown Plk1 substrate regulates the localization of PICH. PICH-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified the uncharacterized protein BEND3 as a binding partner. BEND3 localizes to mitotic chromosomes and its depletion results in the loss of PICH and Plk1 from the centromere/KTs. BEND3 depleted cells are unable to align their chromosomes at the metaphase plate and undergo apoptosis within a short time, suggesting that BEND3 regulates not only the localization of PICH and Plk1 but has additional functions. In the second part of this thesis, we demonstrate that PICH does not function in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Instead, we show that neutralization or depletion of PICH results in chromatin bridges during anaphase. We identify the ATPase activity of PICH as indispensable to prevent the formation of these bridges and show that they most likely arise from non-centromeric chromatin. PICH was previously shown to interact with the BTR complex (composed of BLM, TOP3A and RMI1) that has been linked to the faithful separation of chromosomes during mitosis. It is of great interest, therefore, that we discovered an association of PICH with Rif1, which has recently been shown to provide a DNA-binding interface for the BTR complex. In contrast to the colocalization of PICH and the BTR complex to non-centromeric UFBs, Rif1 localizes to centromeric UFBs in a PICH-dependent manner. Thus, we speculate that PICH, Rif1 and the BTR complex act together to prevent chromatin bridges during mitosis.
Impacts of endoplasmic reticulum stress on calreticulin secretion and innate immunity

x! CHAPTER ONE Introduction . 1! Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): calcium homeostasis, protein folding chaperones, and protein retention . 1! Failed retention of ER chaperones. 5! ER response to stress (UPR) . 7! ER stress, inflammation and autoimmunity. 9! The immune response to stressed, dying and dead cells. 11! Modulation of the innate immune response by dying cells . 13! Modulation of the adaptive immune response by dying cells clearance of dying cells resulting in delivery of cell-associated antigens to APCs for presentation to Tcells . 15! The immune response to stressed, dying and dead cells – signals with multiple effects on the immune response and future directions. 21! Immunomodulation by heat shock proteins. 21! Calreticulin, a traveling multi-functional protein . 25! Overall summary. 29! CHAPTER TWO Specific forms of endoplasmic reticulum stress break ER retention and strongly increase cell-surface calreticulin. 30! SUMMARY. 30! INTRODUCTION . 31!
Deuteromycetes and selected ascomycetes that occur on or in wood: an indexed bibliography

Abstract : This report lists 1,008 publications that include deuteromycetous and ascomycetous fungi occurring on wood--principally wood in storage and use. Each publication is numbered and indexed by the one or more manmade or natural substrates, by general subject areas, and by authors. More than 1,150 fungi in 269 genera are listed alphabetically by genus and species. An additional 66 genera are represented by unidentified species. The fungi cited are also referenced by publication number. (Author)
Adquisición de la gramática de ELE

espanolAlgunas estructuras gramaticales de la lengua cspaii.ola presentan dificultades de adquisicion y tienden a fosilizarse con una persistencia del error en interlenguas (IL) avanzadas de hablantes con gran eficacia comunicativa. Estos errores gramaticales persintentes en ELE constituyen una ventana psicolinguistica util para intentar explicar las estrechas relaciones entre linguistica teorica, gramatica descriptiva, linguistica aplicada y adquisicion y aprendizaje de la gramatica en ELE. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la formacion didactica de los profesores de espanol como lengua extranjera (ELE1), desde la perspectiva de la linguistica aplicada, asumiendo el marco teorico de la gramatica innatista para comprender el proceso de adquisicion de la gramatica y el marco teorico de la linguistica cognitiva para comprender el proceso de aprendizaje y disenar acciones didacticas para su ensenanza. EnglishSome grammatical structures in Spanish are difllcult to acquire and tend to fosilize with a high persistence of error even in advanced stages of interlanguage (IL) of speakers of significant communicativ efficiency. These persistent grammatical errors in Spanish as a foreign language (ELE) offer a useful psycholinguistics widow to help explain the close relationship between theoretical linguistics, descriptive grammar, applied linguistics and acquisition and learning of grammar in Spanish as a foreign language. The objective of this article is to contribute to the methodological training of teachers of Spanish as a foreign language from the perspective of applied linguistics, following the theoretical framework of innattist grammar to help us understand the process of grammar aquisition, as well as the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics to help us understand the learning process which, in turn, will allow us to design an effective treatment of these grammatical structures in the classroom.
Floristic composition of Pasoh Forest Reserve, a lowland rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia.

KOCHUMMEN, K.M. , LaFRANKIE, J.V. , & MANOKARAN, N. 1990. Floristic composition of Pasoh Forest Reserve, a lowland rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia. We tabulate and analyze the tree flora of Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia, based on an enumeration of all trees > 1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) ina 50-ha plot. The diversity was very high: 820 species, 294 genera and 78 families. Mean density for trees > 10 cm dbh was 530 trees per ha representing about 210 species. The most diverse families were Euphorbiaceae, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae. The most abundant families across all size classes were Euphorbiaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and Annonaceae. Among trees larger than 30 cm dbh, the Dipterocarpaceae was the most abundant family, followed by Leguminosae and Burseraceae. The forest was without dominant species. The most abundant species, Xerospermum noronhianum (Sapindaceae), accounted for only 2.5% of the total number of trees, and 2.3% of trees over 10 cm dbh. Likewise, for trees over 30 cm dbh, the most abundant species, Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae), accounted for only 3.9% of the total. Thecommon species of canopy and emergent trees at Pasoh are also widespread throughout Malaya and are characteristic of the primary rain forest, whereas species that indicate early succession or large gaps were rare in the plot. On floristic evidence, the forest bounded by the 50-ha plot is a homogeneous example of the Malayan south-central lowland rain forest; long term studies at the site should be of general applicability within Malaysia.
Ex situ trifft In situ - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Einlagerung von Saatgut, Erhaltungskulturen und Wiederausbringung von gefährdeten Wildpflanzenarten in Anbetracht des Klimawandels am Beispiel des im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms Biologische Vielfalt geförderten Projektes „Wildpflanzenschutz in De

Aufgrund der fortschreitenden Zerstörung und Fragmentierung von Habitaten in unserer Landschaft wird es für ohnehin seltene und gefährdete Arten schwierig werden, den derzeitigen und prognostizierten Klimaveränderungen durch Wanderungen auszuweichen. Ein Großteil der seltenen und gefährdeten Pflanzenarten in Deutschland lebt mittlerweile in räumlich stark begrenzten, verinselten und kleiner werdenden Populationen ohne die Möglichkeit des genetischen Austausches mit benachbarten Populationen. Unter diesen Bedingungen sinkt zunehmend die für das Überleben wichtige genetische Vielfalt seltener Arten und die daraus resultierende Anpassungsfähigkeit.
Characterization and Classification of Brain Tissue and Stroke Lesions in Non-Contrast Computed Tomography Images of Stroke Patients Using Statistical Texture Descriptors and Artificial Neural Network

Aim: To characterize and classify stroke lesions and normal brain tissue in computed tomography (CT) images using statistical texture descriptors. Patients and methods: Two experienced radiologists blinded to each other inspected CT images of 164 stroke patients to identify and categorize stroke lesions into ischaemic and haemorrhagic subtypes. Four regions of interest (ROIs) in each CT slice that demonstrated the lesion; two each representing the lesion and normal tissue were selected. Statistical texture descriptors namely, co-occurrence matrix, run-length matrix, absolute gradient and histogram were calculated for them. Raw data analysis was performed to identify the parameters that best discriminate between normal brain tissue and stroke lesions. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to classify the ROIs into normal tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions using the radiologists’ identification and categorization as the gold standard, and further analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Three parameters in each texture class discriminated between normal tissue, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke lesions. The discriminating co-occurrence matrix parameters were sum average parameters namely S1-1 SumAverg, S1-0 SumAverg and S0-1 SumAverg. For the run-length matrix, short run emphasis in horizontal, 1350 and 450 directions were the discriminating features. The discriminating absolute gradient parameters were gradient non-zeros, gradient variance and gradient mean. For the histogram class, the mean, 90th and 99th percentiles were the discriminating parameters. The ANN achieved a sensitivity of 0.637, specificity 0.753, false positive rate (FPR) 0.247, and false negative rate (FNR) 0.363 with co-occurrence matrix. With run-length matrix the sensitivity was 0.544, specificity 0.607, FPR 0.393, and FNR 0.456 while with absolute gradient the sensitivity was 0.546, specificity 0.586, FPR 0.414, FNR 0.454. With histogram, the sensitivity was 0.947, specificity 0.962, FPR 0.038, and FNR 0.053. Conclusion: The histogram texture features showed the highest sensitivity and specificity in the classification of brain tissue and stroke lesions using the artificial neural network.
Hippocampal-orbitofrontal interactions in memory and reality filtering

Le filtre orbitofrontal de la realite est un mecanisme, independant des fonctions medio-temporales (MTL) de la memoir, filtrant les pensees. ORFi permet de percevoir la realite et est associe a un marqueur electrophysiologique. Nous emettons l'hypothese que le cortex orbitofrontal (OFC) filtre les pensees alors qu'elles sont generees dans le MTL. Premierement, un marqueur electrophysiologique de l'encodage de la memoire, genere par le MTL, a ete identifie (Theze et al. 2016). Ce marqueur etait associe avec une augmentation de coherence theta dans le MTL. Il apparait 35 ms avant le marqueur d'ORFi (Theze et al. 2017a). Les deux sont associes a une augmentation theta de coherence, l'un depuis le MTL, l'autre depuis l'OFC, chacun vers l'autre. Finalement, un groupe de patients dans le spectre des trouble de la schizophrenie ont demontre une reduction significative du marqueur ORFi, dont l'ampleur peut predire le diagnostic. La coherence theta qui augmentait chez les controles etait absence des patients dans l'OFC et le MTL et, pour ce dernier, correlait avec les scores d'hallucinations.
Leaf mold resistance in the tomato

This paper is a report of progress on the development of a new tomato variety resistant to the leaf mold disease, caused by the fungus Cladosporium fulvum Cooke. It purports to show that the resistance which exists in certain commercial varieties is not suitable for hybridization with desirable-type sus ceptible varieties. However, a higher type of resistance exists which can be recovered in a homozygous condition in hybrids resulting from crosses between resistant and desirable susceptible individuals. The F, progenies of the reciprocal crosses (Stirling Castle x susceptible varieties) were completely susceptible, and only a small percentage of the F 2 individuals was as resistant as Stirling Castle. These results are in agreement with those of Sengbusch and Loschakowa-Hasenbusch (21), who concluded that the resistance of Stirling Castle is recessive. The F, progenies of the recipro cal crosses (Satisfaction x susceptible varieties) and about 50 per cent of the F. progenies was as resistant as Satisfaction. These results are in contrast to those of Newhall ( 18), who reported the resistance of Satisfaction to be recessive.
Malaria infection in relation to reproductive success and secondary sexual traits in collared flycatcher : In new and old breeding areas

Life-history theory is based on the idea that every individual face a limitation of energy, nutrients and time in its lifespan. This optimization problem is resulting in trade-offs between resource demanding tasks and traits. It has been shown that parasite resistance and specific immune response is reduced by increased reproductive effort in birds. Reproduction success and malaria infection state were tested on 434 individuals in two old and one new breeding area on Gotland. With a high accuracy and fast PCR method, three genera of protozoan haemosporidians, which are also known as avian malaria parasites, were analyzed in this study to detect host-parasite interactions. The reproduction success, indicated as lay-date and fledge, in Rums and OLD areas, Gotland, Sweden, did not show any significant relation to infection state. Instead, age (Young < 2yrs vs Old ≥ 2yrs) was found to be the most influential factor affecting reproduction success. A trade-off between infection state and patch size (secondary sexual traits) has not been shown in this study. However, there are still pieces missing in understanding how avian malaria parasites affect their host's fitness, such as the host bird immunity response to the blood parasite species and intensity levels, which need to be examined in future studies.
Chickpea: Crop Improvement under Changing Environment Conditions

Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, is the second most important food legume in Asia after dry beans. Chickpea is an important source of protein, minerals, fiber, and vitamins in the diets of millions of people in Asia and Africa. Chickpea is also rich in essential amino acid lysine and deficient in sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine, and cysteine. Chickpea is mainly used for human consumption and only a small proportion is used as feed. It meets 80% of its N requirement from symbiotic nitrogen fixation and leaves substantial amount of residual nitrogen for the subsequent crops. It is a hardy crop well adapted to stress environments and a boon to the resource-poor marginal farmers in the tropics and subtropics. Average yields of chickpea are nearly 780 kg/ha, although farmers can harvest more than 2.5 tons/ha. The crop potential is nearly 5 tons/ha. Abiotic (drought, heat, and cold stress) and biotic (pod borers – Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua, aphids – Aphis craccivora, leaf miner – Liriomyza cicerina, and bruchid – Callosobruchus chinensis) and diseases (Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, Botrytis gray mold, and root rots) are the major stresses that constrain chickpea production in farmers fields. The major challenge is to reduce the losses due to biotic and abiotic constraints, and close the yield gap through crop improvement and crop management in future. A combination of productivity enhancement through varietal improvement, including biotechnological interventions, and integrated crop management is needed to realize the yield potential of this crop for improving food and nutritional security. Considerable progress has been made in developing high-yielding chickpea varieties to increase the productivity of this crop, while conventional breeding has been successfully used to breed disease-resistant varieties, little progress has been made in developing pod borer and drought-tolerant varieties, as the levels of resistance available in the cultivated germplasm are quite low. Wild relatives of chickpea have high levels of resistance to pod borer. Marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering of chickpea are being exploited to increase the levels of resistance/tolerance to these constraints and in future.
Bolivian Ectoparasites: A Survey of Bats (Mammalia Chiroptera)

Abstract A survey collection of arthropods associated with bats documents new distributional records of Bolivian ectoparasites. New species records include Acari: Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae—Periglischrus caligus Kolenati, Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans, Periglischrus ojasti Machado-Allison; Macronyssidae—Radfordiella oudemansi Fonseca; Metastigmata: Argasidae—Ornithodoros hasei (Schulze); Insecta: Diptera: Streblidae—Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, Anastrebla modestini Wenzel, Anatrichobius scorzai Wenzel, Exastinion deceptivum Wenzel, Megistopoda theodori Wenzel, Neotrichobius delicatus (Machado-Allison), Paradyschiria fusca Speiser, Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, Strebla curvata Wenzel, Strebla guajiro (García & Casal), Trichobius petersoni Wenzel, and Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel.
Grades 6-12 Engineering Project: Turbine Design

Abstract: Developing enthusiasm and creativity to resolve world energy problems is a dilemma facing educators. How can educators bring the excitement of real-world issues into their classrooms? What kind of affordable equipment can they use? This project seeks to develop materials and means through which Middle and High School students can creatively engineer solutions to existent problems. What kind of turbine, in a gravity-fed system, would generate the most energy? Results from an engineering thought survey and turbine energy production are presented in this session.
DOCK2 is Required for Chemokine-Promoted Human T Lymphocyte Adhesion Under Shear Stress Mediated by the Integrin α4β11

The α4β1 integrin is an essential adhesion molecule for recruitment of circulating lymphocytes into lymphoid organs and peripheral sites of inflammation. Chemokines stimulate α4β1 adhesive activity allowing lymphocyte arrest on endothelium and subsequent diapedesis. Activation of the GTPase Rac by the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 promoted by CXCL12 controls T lymphocyte adhesion mediated by α4β1. In this study, we investigated the role of DOCK2, a lymphocyte guanine-nucleotide exchange factor also involved in Rac activation, in CXCL12-stimulated human T lymphocyte adhesion mediated by α4β1. Using T cells transfected with DOCK2 mutant forms defective in Rac activation or with DOCK2 small interfering RNA, we demonstrate that DOCK2 is needed for efficient chemokine-stimulated lymphocyte attachment to VCAM-1 under shear stress. Flow chamber, soluble binding, and cell spreading assays identified the strengthening of α4β1-VCAM-1 interaction, involving high affinity α4β1 conformations, as the adhesion step mainly controlled by DOCK2 activity. The comparison of DOCK2 and Vav1 involvement in CXCL12-promoted Rac activation and α4β1-dependent human T cell adhesion indicated a more prominent role of Vav1 than DOCK2. These results suggest that DOCK2-mediated signaling regulates chemokine-stimulated human T lymphocyte α4β1 adhesive activity, and that cooperation with Vav1 might be required to induce sufficient Rac activation for efficient adhesion. In contrast, flow chamber experiments using lymph node and spleen T cells from DOCK2−/− mice revealed no significant alterations in CXCL12-promoted adhesion mediated by α4β1, indicating that DOCK2 activity is dispensable for triggering of this adhesion in mouse T cells, and suggesting that Rac activation plays minor roles in this process.
Systematics and geographic distribution of the American strawberry species : taxonomic studies in the genus Fragaria (Rosaceae: Potentilleae)

This is a detailed investigation of the natural variation, geographical distribution, and modern taxonomy of the American Fragaria strawberry species, three species with four subspecies each and two hybrid species are recognized taxonomically. The author also discusses the phylogenetic relationships of the diploid and octoploid species and subspecies and their postpleistocene migration. The American octopliod Fragaria species are known as the ancestors of the large-fruited garden strawberries.
Lipids and Lipoproteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cholesterol is a key structural component of the brain, and cholesterol transport and distri‐ bution within the central nervous system (CNS) is mediated by a lipid metabolic cycle that includes generation of apolipoproteins as lipid carriers, lipidation by cholesterol and phos‐ pholipid transporters, enzyme remodeling of these particles and their receptor-mediated uptake and turnover in cells. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients often have comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus, or hypertension, each of which can greatly affect lipoprotein metabolism, especially at the vessel wall and thereby possibly contribute to AD pathogenesis. Here we review the known biology of lipids and lipoproteins in the CNS and discuss how alterations in lipid metabolism may impact AD pathogenesis. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the best established genetic risk factor for AD and the major apolipoprotein expressed in the brain. In addition, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several other genes associated with AD risk that function in lipid or lipoprotein metabolism, including clusterin (CLU), ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter A7 (ABCA7), and apoE receptors. Understanding how lipid/lipoprotein metabolism in the brain and body affect cognitive function may therefore offer new insights in developing more effective therapeutic approaches for dementia.
Yielding Performance of “Kita-aoba”, High-yielding Rice Variety for Hokkaido Region, Northern Japan

Abstract The yielding performance of the first high-yielding rice variety for Hokkaido, Kita-aoba, after application of various amounts of nitrogen (9.0 to 23.7 g m-2 in 2008 and 10.5 to 16.5 g m-2 in 2010) and under various planting densities (13.2 to 33.2 hills m-2 in 2008 and 17.5 to 36.8 hills m-2 in 2010) was examined in comparison with that of the common variety, Kirara397. Kita-aoba had higher grain yield than Kirara397 owing to its large sink capacity through larger sink capacity per unit biomass at heading. Kita-aoba had a high yield potential (the maximum grain yield of 1081 g m-2), and achieved a high grain yield even in Hokkaido where the rice-growing season is short. Kita-aoba had a large sink size, but, judging from the relationship between sink capacity and percentage of sink filled, further increase of sink size might not result in increase of grain yield. Kita-aoba showed a great increase in shoot dry matter from heading to maturity, but it was not enough to fill its large sink.