Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ornamentation types of conidia and conidiogenous structures in fasciculate Penicillium species using scanning electron microscopy

KOZAKIEWICZ, Z. , 1988. Ornamentation types of conidia and conidiogenous structures in fasciculate Penicillium species using scanning electron microscopy. As part of a multidisciplinary approach to the taxonomy of the fasciculate Penicillium species, the conidial ornamentation of 320 strains was examined in order to determine the types and range of ornamentation and assess the stability of this feature as a taxonomic character. Five conidial ornamentation classes were identified: echinulate, tuberculate, reticulate, microtuberculate and microverrucate. The technique of cryoscanning was used for examining the penicillus, and assessing such characters as roughening, shape and orientation of the branches. The method provides a fast means of examining freshly frozen material in the absence of artefacts associated with air-drying, freezing and critical-point drying techniques. Studies on large numbers of conidia from the same isolate and from isolates referred to the same species showed the scanning electron microscopy results to be reproducible and provide an objective and accurate method for comparing micromorphological features. The ornamentation types can be of particular value in species identification.
COPIGMENTAÇÃO INTRA E INTERMOLECULAR DE ANTOCIANINAS: UMA REVISÃO

Este trabalho apresenta revisao de literatura sobre a reacao de copigmentacao intra e intermolecular e sua relevância na estabilizacao de antocianinas. Flavonoides nao-antociânicos, alcaloides, aminoacidos e nucleosidios, entre outros, podem atuar como copigmentos de antocianinas. O aumento na estabilidade das antocianinas ocorre devido a protecao fornecida pelo copigmento frente a reacao de hidratacao do cation flavilium. Estudos ainda sao necessarios para avaliar a estabilidade de antocianinas adicionadas de copigmentos em sistemas modelos de alimentos, visando aumentar o espectro de aplicacao dessas como corantes em alimentos e bebidas. ANTHOCYANINS INTRA AND INTERMOLECULAR COPIGMENTATION: A REVIEW Abstract This research presents literature review about the reaction of intra and intermolecular copigmentation and its revealance in anthocyanins stabilization. Non-anthocyanic flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, nucleosides, and others, can act as anthocyanins copigments. The increase in the stability of anthocyanins occurs due to protection supplied by the copigment towards the hydratation reaction of colored flavylium cation. Studies to evaluate anthocyanins stabilization added of copigments in food models system are still necessary, aiming to enhance the application spectra as colorants in foods and beverages.
Retrieving Similar Software from Large-scale Open-source Repository by Constructing Representation of Project Description

: The rise of open source community has greatly promoted the development of software resource reuse in all phases of software process, such as requirements engineering, designing, coding, and testing. However, how to efﬁciently and accurately locate reusable resources on large-scale open source website remains to be solved. Presently, most open source websites provide text-matching-based searching mechanism while ignoring the semantic of project description. For enabling requirements engineers to ﬁnd software that are similar to the one to be developed quickly at the very beginning of the project, we propose a searching framework based on constructing semantic embedding for software project with machine learning technique. In the proposed approach, both Type Distribution and Document Vector learnt through different neural network language models are used as project representations. Besides, we integrate searching results of different representations with a Ranking model. For evaluating our approach, we compare search results of different searching strategies manually using an evaluating system. Experimental results on a data set consisting of 24,896 projects show that the proposed searching framework, i.e., combining results derived from Inverted Index, Type Distribution and Document Vector, signiﬁcantly superior to the text-matching-based one.
Modeling crop yield potential of Eastern Anatolia by using geographically weighted regression

Wheat is a very important cereal crop in Eastern Anatolia in terms of acreage and production. It is a staple food and plays an important role in people's livelihood. Drought often occurs in the region and it dramatically influences wheat yield. The yield also depends upon prevailing climatic conditions, rainfall, temperature and humidity. Crop-modeling studies to forecast crop yield are important not only for people now but for planning studies and precautionary measures for the future. Traditional decision support systems based on crop simulation models are normally site-specific. In order to address the effect of spatial variability of weather variables on crop production, we modeled wheat yield potential on certain climatic conditions by using Geographically Weighted Regression and Geographical Information Systems in Eastern Anatolia in Turkey.
Patterns for Serverless Functions (Function-as-a-Service): A Multivocal Literature Review

: [Context] Serverless is a recent technology that enables companies to reduce the overhead for provisioning, scaling and in general managing the infrastructure. Companies are increasingly adopting Serverless, by migrating existing applications to this new paradigm. Different practitioners proposed patterns for composing and managing serverless functions. However, some of these patterns offer different solutions to solve the same problem, which makes it hard to select the most suitable solution for each problem. [Goal] In this work, we aim at supporting practitioners in understanding the different patterns, by classifying them and reporting possible beneﬁts and issues. [Method] We adopted a multivocal literature review process, surveying peer-reviewed and grey literature and classifying patterns (common solutions to solve common problems), together with beneﬁts and issues. [Results] Among 24 selected works, we identiﬁed 32 patterns that we classiﬁed as orchestration, aggregation, event-management, availability, communication, and authorization. [Conclusion] Practitioners proposed a list of fairly consistent patterns, even if a small number of patterns proposed different solutions to similar problems. Some patterns emerged to circumvent some serverless limitations, while others for some classical technical problems (e.g. publisher/subscriber).
The biology of Harveyella mirabilis (Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyceae). I. Cytological investigations of Harveyella mirabilis and its host, Odonthalia floccosa

Abstract The life history of Harveyella mirabilis, a presumed parasite on Odonthalia floccosa, has been investigated cytologically. These studies confirm that both species conform to a “Polysiphonia-type” life history. Chromosome counts made from reproductive and vegetative stages revealed a diploid number of 12 and a haploid number of 6. Diploid and haploid chromosome numbers of 10 and 5 respectively were found in Odonthalia floccosa. In contrast to mitosis in some higher plants and animals, a study of the mitotic time course in Harveyella mirabilis demonstrated a relatively long metaphase period, a fact which could be significant in considering the mechanics of cell division.
Seasonal changes in acute toxicity of cadmium to amphipod Corophium volutator

In vivo bioassays are frequently used to assess the ecotoxicological risks of contaminated sediments. For quality assurance purposes, these bioassays are accompanied by reference toxicity tests. For the bioassay with Corophium volutator, this reference toxicity test is an acute water‐phase test with cadmium. Approximately 80 water‐phase tests were conducted in the period 1991–1998. Corophium volutator shows a significant seasonal variation in response to cadmium, with a high LC50 in the winter period and a low LC50 in the summer period. Same variation can be found if Corophium is held in the laboratory instead of freshly collected in the field and if synthetic water is used instead of natural filtered seawater. The observed seasonal variation is not caused by the fact that the organisms are collected in the field or by the variation in seawater used for the water‐phase tests.
THE EFFECTS OF FAMINE ON MALAYAN SUN BEARS AND BEARDED PIGS IN LOWLAND TROPICAL FOREST OF SABAH, MALAYSIAN BORNEO

We observed a period of famine in the lowland tropical rainforest of Sabah, Malaysia from August 1999 to October 2000. All six Malayan sun bears that were captured and radio-collared were in poor physical condition, and two were later found dead. The physical condition of bearded pigs that were captured, observed, or photographed by camera traps also revealed that the pigs were in various stages of emaciation and starvation. We surmise that the famine resulted from prolonged scarcity of mass fruiting in the study area. The phenomena of emaciated animals and fruit scarcity have also been reported from other areas of Borneo. Lowland tropical rainforest trees of Borneo display supra-annual synchronized mass fruiting. We believe that the starvation we observed and the generally low density of large animals in Borneo forests is a consequence of a history of prolonged food scarcity during non-mass fruiting years. INTRODUCTION The Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is the smallest of the eight living bear species. Adults are about 120 to 150 cm long and weigh 27 to 65 kg (Stirling 1993). They were originally found in the dense forest of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea, Vietnam, Southern China, Peninsular Malaysia, and the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (Stirling 1993). They remain the least known bear species in the world and one of the most neglected large mammal species in Southeast Asia (Servheen 1999). Even basic biological facts such as food habits, home range size,
Capturing the Style of Fake News

In this study we aim to explore automatic methods that can detect online documents of low credibility, especially fake news, based on the style they are written in. We show that general-purpose text classifiers, despite seemingly good performance when evaluated simplistically, in fact overfit to sources of documents in training data. In order to achieve a truly style-based prediction, we gather a corpus of 103,219 documents from 223 online sources labelled by media experts, devise realistic evaluation scenarios and design two new classifiers: a neural network and a model based on stylometric features. The evaluation shows that the proposed classifiers maintain high accuracy in case of documents on previously unseen topics (e.g. new events) and from previously unseen sources (e.g. emerging news websites). An analysis of the stylometric model indicates it indeed focuses on sensational and affective vocabulary, known to be typical for fake news.
The Chemical Nature of Kiln Brown Stain in Radiata Pine

Summary This paper presents results of a study on the chemical nature of kiln brown stain (KBS) that develops in kiln dried radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) sapwood. KBS is a chocolate brown discolouration which develops approximately 0.5 mm under the timber surface. Stain free radiata pine was achieved during drying trials on “green” radiata pine sapwood which had been treated to extensive cold and hot water extraction. Differences in chemical composition between the sap and hot water extract were observed. Chemical analyses (of the water-soluble extracts) by a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, demonstrated that carbohydrates, cyclitols, amino acids, protein, and phenolics were the main compound classes present. The presence of reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) and amino acids (glutamic acid) in the sap and hot water extracts support the theory that Amadori-Maillard type reactions significantly contribute to the formation of colour in KBS. Furthermore, lignin was also detected and is suspected to contribute to KBS formation. The relative contributions of colour formation to KBS intensity from either phenolics or Maillard-Amadori mechanisms is unknown.
Current Strategies and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Metastatic UC has been historically associated with poor prognosis, with a median overall survival of approximately 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 18%. Although platinum-based chemotherapy remains the mainstay of medical treatment for patients with metastatic UC, chemotherapy clinical trials produced modest benefit with short-lived, disappointing responses. In recent years, the better understanding of the role of immune system in cancer control has led to the development and approval of several immunotherapeutic approaches in UC therapy, where immune checkpoint inhibitors have been revolutionizing the treatment of metastatic UC. Because of a better tumor molecular profiling, FGFR inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, anti-HER2 agents, and antibody drug conjugates targeting Nectin-4 are also emerging as new therapeutic options. Moreover, a wide number of trials is ongoing with the aim to evaluate several other alterations and pathways as new potential targets in metastatic UC. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances and highlight future directions of the medical treatment of UC, with a particular focus on recently published data and ongoing active and recruiting trials.
Multivalent Antibody‐Recruiting Macromolecules: Linking Increased Binding Affinity with Enhanced Innate Immune Killing

Antibody‐recruiting molecules (ARMs) are a novel class of immunotherapeutics. They are capable of introducing antibodies onto disease‐relevant targets such as cancer cells, bacterial cells or viruses. This can induce antibody‐mediated immune responses such as antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody‐dependent phagocytosis (ADCP), which can kill the pathogen. In contrast to the classic ARMs, multivalent ARMs could offer the advantage of increasing the efficiency of antibody recruitment and subsequent innate immune killing. Such compounds consist of multiple target‐binding termini (TBT) and/or antibody‐binding termini (ABT). Those multivalent interactions are able to convert low binding affinities into increased binding avidities. This minireview summarizes the current status of multivalent ARMs and gives insight into possible benefits, hurdles still to be overcome and future perspectives.
A Reinforcement Learning QoS Negotiation Model for IoT Middleware

: A large number of heterogeneous and mobile devices interacting with each other, leading to the execution of tasks with little human interference, characterizes the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. This interaction typically occurs in a service-oriented manner facilitated by an IoT middleware. The service provision paradigm in the IoT dynamic environment requires a negotiation process to resolve Quality of Service (QoS) contentions between heterogeneous devices with conflicting preferences. This paper proposes a negotiation model that allows negotiating agents to dynamically adapt their strategies using a model-based reinforcement learning as the QoS preferences evolve and the negotiation resources changes due to the changes in the physical world. We use a simulated environment to illustrate the improvements that our proposed negotiation model brings to the QoS negotiation process in a dynamic IoT environment.
The absence of a relationship between egg production and dominance in caged laying hens

1. The individual egg production of two strains of laying hen in colony battery cages was recorded from 20 to 72 weeks of age by feeding a different fat‐soluble dyestuff to each bird and then breaking open the eggs to determine the yolk colour and hence the identity of the hen that laid the egg. 2. Observations of agonistic behaviour and other pecking were made and the combs were examined for pecking damage on two occasions; each group of hens was hierarchically arranged in terms of these three measures, which were then taken as an indication of each hen's dominance. 3. The three measures of dominance correlated fairly well with each other, but none showed any relationship with egg production.
First Results in the Control of Simulium damnosum Theobald (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Northern Nigeria.

An experimental control project against Simulium damnosum Theo. in Northern Nigeria using DDT in diesel oil as a larvicide is described. A description, together with a map, is given of the project area, some 1,200 sq. miles in extent, with a population of 32,000 persons, and it is emphasised that this was selected to provide information on the feasibility of control in an area not isolated from other fly foci. Methods used in applying the larvicide to the rivers, which had rocky beds with rapids and falls, and assessing the effects of treatment are discussed. Applications were made at prearranged treatment points, weekly, for a period of 12 weeks in the dry season of two successive years, 1956 and 1957, and the post-treatment density of adult fly was assessed and compared in a Table and in histograms, with that existing in the year prior to treatment. In the first year, a mean dosage per application of 1·4 p.p.m. of p,p′DDT applied over 30 minutes (S.D. = 0·5 p.p.m.) at each of four treatment points resulted in the clearance of all breeding for a distance of 15–23 miles below these points, and a reduction of adult fly density in the area of 96 per cent. as compared with pre-treatment density. But reinfestation of cleared breeding grounds was found to be rapid, these becoming repopulated with immature stages within six months in spite of a mean wet-season fly density of only 0·35 flies per boy-hour. In the second year, with application of 1 p.p.m. of p,p′DDT for 30 minutes, results were less successful than in the first, although three additional treatment points were used with the aim of controlling a greater distance than in the first year, adult density being only reduced by an estimated 82 per cent. of that before treatment in the first year. The reasons for this are discussed, and the lower degree of control is attributed to the partial failure of the insecticide to reach the breeding sites owing to the exceptionally low state of the rivers. The fly-rounds used in assessing adult density and the pre-treatment breeding sites and the positions of the treatment points are shown on maps. Detailed data from the fly-rounds are given in an Appendix. With the exception of slight mortality among fish, thought to be due to accidental impediments to tbfi free downstream flow of the larvicide, no toxic effects on other organisms were observed. The cost of treatment is given, and the results are discussed briefly in relation to the existing knowledge on control of S. damnosum . It is suggested that control by the application of larvicides in non-isolated foci is a practicable possibility, but that annual treatment might be necessary because of rapid re-establishment in cleared areas. The effect of control, of the degree obtained in this work, on the incidence of human onchocerciasis cannot yet be determined.
Disjuncts

Abstract Focusing on a number of “logical” disjuncts in English, this paper argues that syntactic and semantic divisions in previous analyses have been drawn at the wrong point; while adjuncts (such as adjunct because) express real-world causal (or causal-type) relationships, disjuncts (such as since) express reasoning processes. Distinctions between content and style disjuncts in Quirk et al. (1985) and between content, epistemic and speech-act connectors in Sweetser (1990) are analysed (Sections 1–3 ff.). In the light of Sweetser, imbalances in syntactic distribution, foregrounding potential, and question-formation patterns in Quirk et al.'s content disjunct and style disjunct categories are identified; and Quirk et al.'s claimed identical sense of adjunct since and content disjunct because is contrasted with the fact of their syntactic difference (Sections 4 ff.). An alternative to Quirk et al.'s disjunct analysis into properly syntactic cognitive disjuncts and parenthetical comment disjuncts is proposed and justified (Sections 5 ff.). Possible objections to this are considered, with a focus on intonational issues (Sections 6 ff.). The notions canonical sense and canonical sub-sense are considered, particularly with respect to the disjuncts since and though (Section 7). Direct syntactic evidence for the proposed re-analysis is considered (Section 8), and areas where further work is required are identified (Section 9).
Software-Defined Network Security over OpenStack Clouds: A Systematic Analysis

Cloud computing infrastructure is an enticing target for malicious activity due to its network and compute capacity. Several studies focus on different aspects of cloud security from the client (tenant) side, leaving a gap regarding the cloud provider’s infrastructure perspective. To address this gap, this study conducts a systematic review of the literature on OpenStack, the most adopted open source cloud operating system. We present a qualitative assessment of security vulnerabilities related do Openflow usage on OpenStack network management. Based on this analysis we identify a critical vulnerability which affects the cloud infrastructure via Software-Defined Networks. This reveals the urge for having more studies focusing on the provider’s infrastructure side and associated tools and technologies.
Online Predicting Conformance of Business Process with Recurrent Neural Networks

Conformance Checking is a problem to detect and describe the differences between a given process model representing the expected behaviour of a business process and an event log recording its actual execution by the Process-aware Information System (PAIS). However, such existing conformance checking techniques are offline and mainly applied for the completely executed process instances, which cannot provide the real-time conformance-oriented process monitoring for an on-going process instance. Therefore, in this paper, we propose three approaches for online conformance prediction by constructing a classification model automatically based on the historical event log and the existing reference process model. By utilizing Recurrent Neural Networks, these approaches can capture the features that have a decisive effect on the conformance for an executed case to build a prediction model and then use this model to predict the conformance of a running case. The experimental results on two real datasets show that our approaches outperform the state-of-the-art ones in terms of prediction accuracy and time performance.
Self-Direction of Home and Community-Based Services in the Time of COVID-19

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing homes and assisted living facilities have accounted for over 20% of all infections, adult day care and other congregate sites have closed, and traditional home care agencies are facing staff shortages. In this environment, self-direction of home and community-based services, where the participant can hire their own staff and manage a budget that can be used for a broad range of goods and services including home modifications and assistive devices, is seen as a promising intervention. Using self-direction participants can minimize the number of people who enter their homes and pay close family and friends who were already providing many hours of informal care, and now may be unemployed. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services is encouraging this approach. This commentary presents information on how states have responded using the new CMS Toolkit by expanding who can be a paid caregiver, increasing budgets and broadening the kinds of items that can be purchased with budgets to include items like personal protective equipment and supports for telehealth. This Commentary concludes with policy and research questions regarding how the delivery of long-term services and supports (LTSS) may change as the world returns to“normal”.