Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Floral Morphology and Pollination in Orchidaceae: Charles Darwin s Second Book

Darwin’s second book was totally dedicated to the floral functional morphology and pollination of temperate and tropical orchids. This book was published in 1862 and was likely conceived as an assemblage of evidence supporting ideas that were proposed in “On The Origin of The Species”; namely, the advantages of the intercrossing between different coespecific individuals, even if they are hermaphrodite (like the orchids). The great floral diversity and the outstanding number of reproductive strategies that promote cross-pollination in Orchidaceae fascinated Darwin who, in turn, used this plant group as a model to support his ideas. Darwin described for the first time and in a very accurate way, orchid reproductive strategies that clearly promote crosspollination, such as protandry in terrestrial orchids and the production of unisexual flowers in Catasetum, among many other important contributions. Darwin’s ideas and proposals regarding Orchidaceae are analyzed on the light of our present knowledge and prove to be mostly correct and valid.
Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling

PART I: BASIC CONCEPTS 1. Elements of medical cytogenetics 2. The origins and consequences of chromosome pathology 3. Deriving and using a risk figure PART II: PARENT WITH A CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY 4. Autosomal reciprocal translocations 5. Sex chromosome translocations 6. Robertsonian translocations 7. Centromere fissions, complementary isochromosomes, and telomeric fusions 8. Inversions 9. Insertions 10. Autosomal ring chromosomes 11. Complex rearrangements 12. Parental sex chromosome aneuploidy 13. Parental autosomal aneuploidy 14. The fragile X syndromes 15. Variant chromosomes and abnormalities of no phenotypic consequence PART III: NORMAL PARENTS WITH A CHROMOSOMALLY ABNORMAL CHILD 16. Down syndrome, other full aneuploidies, and polyploidy 17. Structural rearrangements 18. The XY female, the XX male, and the true hemaphrodite 19. Chromosome instability syndromes PART IV: DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ABERRANT GENOMIC IMPRINTING 20. Uniparental disomy and disorders of imprinting PART V: REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE 21. Gametogenesis and conception, pregnancy loss and infertility PART VI: PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS 22. Parental age counseling and screening for fetal trisomy 23. Prenatal diagnostic procedures 24. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 25. Chromosome abnormalities detected at prenatal diagnosis PART VII: NOXIOUS AGENTS 26. Gonadal chromosomal damage from exposure to extrinsic agents APPENDICES A. Ideograms of human chromosomes and haploid autosomal lengths B. Cytogenetic abbreviations and nomenclature C. Determining 95 percent confidence limits, and the standard error
Business performance and strategic new product development activities: An empirical investigation

Despite the ongoing search for the so-called silver bullet that provides the ultimate competitive advantage, there is no roadmap showing the “right” way to perform new product development (NPD). What's more, it is highly unlikely that such a formula could be developed. Given the diversity of firms and industries as well as the complexity of the NPD process, no single set of NPD activities or steps can be defined that will be appropriate for all firms. However, Roger J. Calantone, Shawnee K. Vickery, and Cornelia Droge propose that it is possible to develop such a framework within the confines of a specific industry. They suggest that successful companies within an industry are likely to focus on certain essential NPD activities that allow them to achieve the best possible results within the constraints of their market. Their research is directed toward identifying the relationship between the performance of specific innovation-related activities and overall business performance in the furniture industry. This study also assesses the relationship between a firm's performance on an NPD activity and the importance assigned to that activity by the firm's chief executive officer (CEO). With the current emphasis on cross functional teams, the study also seeks to determine whether performance on a given NPD activity is related to the assignment of responsibility for that activity. The following NPD activities were evaluated for their effect on corporate performance: customization, new product introduction, design innovation, product development cycle time, product technological innovation, product improvement, new product development, and original product development. Compared to their competitors, top performers consistently put more strategic emphasis on each of these activities. All of these activities have a strong positive influence on return on investment (ROI) and ROI growth. What's more, most of the activities also clearly relate to stronger market share, market share growth, return on sales (ROS), and ROS growth. The vision and focus on these essential NPD activities must begin with CEOs who recognize their strategic value. Such leaders will direct appropriate staff and technical resources toward performance of the necessary activities. They will also ensure that the organization is sufficiently flexible to accept the changes in responsibilities for coordination and leadership that are necessary during different stages in the NPD process. To gain the product flexibility necessary for competing in numerous market segments, top performers require greater input and leadership from design, engineering, and manufacturing.
Identification of QTLs for plant height, ear height and grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.) in response to nitrogen and phosphorus supply

With 2 figures and 2 tables Abstract Plant height (PH), ear height (EH) and the PH/EH ratio have a great effect on plant lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) under intensive cropping systems. To understand the genetic mechanisms controlling PH, EH and the PH/EH ratio in response to nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) supply, a set of 218 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was used to evaluate PH, EH, PH/EH ratio and grain yield (GY) and grain yield components under low N, low P and normal N and P supply (NP). A total of 100 QTLs (quantitative trait loci) were detected for the traits investigated. Several QTLs were found to be associated with PH (bin 1.06/1.07) only, both PH and EH (umc1692 at bin 5.01/5.03; umc2313-umc1006 at bin 6.02) and the PH/EH ratio (bnlg1484-bnlg1866 at bin 1.03; umc1164-um1757 at bin 4.01) which was also associated with grain yield. N- or P-inducible QTLs for PH, EH and the PH/EH ratio were found in both years and are sensitive to weather conditions.
Integrating R&D and marketing: A review and analysis of the literature

Abstract During the past 20 years, numerous studies have explored the R&D-marketing interface and its role in the new product development (NPD) process. Academics and practitioners (including a PDMA task force) have examined commonly used measures of success, the underlying reasons for the success or failure of NPD projects, and the effects of R&D-marketing integration on both project- and company-level success. Does this mean we have all the answers when it comes to ensuring the necessary level of cooperation and interaction between R&D and marketing? Of course not. Abbie Griffin and John R. Hauser note that prior research on R&D-marketing integration is being reassessed in light of the movement toward flatter organizational structures and cross-functional teams. To facilitate that reassessment, and to help guide future research in this area, they review recent research on the methods employed for integrating R&D and marketing, and they propose several hypotheses regarding those methods. They present their review and hypotheses within the framework of a causal map they have developed for studying functional integration. The causal map links cooperation to NPD success along situational dimensions, structural and process dimensions, and outcome dimensions. The desired outcome in any NPD effort is the timely commercialization of a profitable product. The situational dimensions address the amount and types of integration needed in a project, which depend on such factors as the project phase and the level of project uncertainty. The structural and process dimensions focus on the actions taken to achieve functional integration. These include relocation and physical facilities design, personnel movement, informal social systems, orgnizational structures, incentives and rewards, and formal integrative management processes. The proposed hypotheses focus on the methods for achieving functional integration—that is, the structural and process dimensions of the causal map. At first glance, these hypotheses seem to state the obvious. For example, few would challenge the notion that quality function deployment eliminates barriers to functional integration and improves information sharing between functions. However, achieving those benefits requires the presence of other factors such as senior management involvement. Rather than examine these hypotheses separately, researchers should explore the relative merits of the methods for achieving functional integratin. In other words, future research must consider both the situational and the structural and process dimensions of this framework.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of indigenous small and medium-grained scented rices (Oryza sativa L.) of Orissa

Scented rices are highly preferred due to their pleasant aroma and palatability. A large number of indigenous aromatic rice collections are awaiting systematic study for the assessment of genetic diversity. Random amplified polymorphic DNA technique was used for genetic diversity analysis among 24 rice cultivars consisting of 20 non-basmati scented and 4 non-scented rice varieties collected from Orissa. A total of 86 bands were amplified by 15 pre screened polymorphic decamer primers at an average rate of 5.73 bands/primer. The polymorphic loci recorded in the present study clearly discriminate all the accessions. The pair-wise genetic similarity coefficient varied from 0.52 between three pairs of rice genotypes viz., Samudrabali -Nariyaphula, Gayatri-Nadiarasa and IR64 - Gurmatia to 0.94 between Gurmatia and Samudrabali. The UPGMA cluster analysis revealed considerable variability among the population of 24 cultivars and discriminated all the non-scented rices from scented rice varieties. All the 24 rice genotypes were classified into three clusters and separated the non-scented rice varieties from rest of the scented rices. The group consisting of Nadiarasa and Nariyaphula with pair wise similarity coefficient 0.75 was separated from rest of the varieties at 60% similarity level. No duplicate entry was detected among the 24 rice cultivars included in the present study.
Integration of architectural types in French programmes of ligneous fruit species genetic improvement

Introduction. Les principaux programmes d'amelioration genetique (Pag) developpes sur les especes fruitieres ligneuses par l'Inra portent sur l'abricotier, le cerisier, le pecher, le poirier, le pommier et le noyer. Cette revue analyse comment les caracteristiques de l'arbre sont considerees par les selectionneurs. Variabilite genetique. Les caracteristiques les plus utilisees sont la vigueur, le port de l'arbre et son mode de fructification. La variabilite exprimee par ces principaux criteres architecturaux pour les differentes especes etudiees est discutee. Integration des caracteristiques de l'arbre dans les schemas d'amelioration. Les criteres de selection et leur place dans les differents Pag sont exposes. Dans les faits, la resistance aux bioagresseurs et la qualite organoleptique des fruits sont les deux principaux objectifs d'amelioration; le port de l'arbre n'est qu'un objectif complementaire. Seuls les Pag du noyer et du pommier ont developpe des strategies specifiques de croisement visant la creation de nouvelles varietes a mise a fruits rapide et de production reguliere et forte. Discussion et perspectives. Les criteres aujourd'hui utilises pour apprecier l'architecture des hybrides sont souvent trop complexes, descriptifs, intercorreles et dependants des conditions pedoclimatiques et culturales. Sauf pour le noyer, ils ne servent qu'a decrire les hybrides et non a effectuer des selections parmi la descendance. D'autres etudes en cours devraient permettre de disposer de nouveaux criteres plus efficaces pour la selection. Conclusion. De nos jours, les caracteristiques de l'arbre ne sont pas suffisement utilisees en selection. Les etudes faites sur l'architecture, la morphologie, la physiologie et la branche fruitiere de l'arbre devraient permettre de definir prochainement de nouveaux criteres mieux adaptes aux attentes de l'ameliorateur.
Bacteriophages: Biology and Applications

In response to the emergence of pathogenic bacteria that cannot be treated with current antibiotics, many researchers are revisiting the use of bacteriophages, or phages, to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria. Bacteriophage as Antibiotics: Molecular Biology and Applications provides unparalleled, comprehensive information on bacteriophages and their applications, such as phage therapy. It covers the techniques, media, and methodology involved in isolating and working with therapeutic phages. Photographs, line drawings, and electron micrographs of phages are also included. With its broad approach, this book is a useful reference for microbiologists, hematologists, and infectious disease researchers.
Status of coconut basal stem rot disease in India – A review

Basal stem rot is one of the important diseases of coconut accounting to severe yield loss in southern India. The disease in Indian subcontinent is reported to be caused by G. lucidum (Leys.) Karst. , G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat. And G. boninense. Present status of the disease pertaining to occurrence and distribution in major coconut growing states, symptomology, etiology and epidemiology, disease indexing, pathogen diversity and its management methods are reviewed. The disease if unattended, is becoming a major threat to coconut production in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states. Management of the disease is possible with continuous monitoring and implementing biocontrol based integrated management even though there is variation among the pathogenic virulence of Ganoderma isolates. As early disease escapes detection, recent developments in early detection, grouping and molecular identification of the pathogen and integrated disease management measures are summarized in this review paper.
Yeast functional genomics and proteomics : methods and protocols

1. Comparative Genome Hybridization on Tiling Microarrays to Detect Aneuplodies in Yeast Barry Dion and Grant W. Brown 2. Identification of Transcription Factor Targets by Phenotypic Activation and Microarray Expression Profiling in Yeast Gordon Chua 3. SGAM, an Array-based Approach for High-Resolution Genetic Mapping in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Michael Costanzo and Charles Boone 4. Reporter-based Synthetic Genetic Array Analysis: A Functional Genomics Approach for Investigating the Cell Cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Holly Elizabeth Sassi, Nazareth Bastajian, Pinay Kainth, and Brenda Jean Andrews 5. The Fidgety Yeast: Focus on High-Resolution Live Yeast Cell Microscopy Heimo Wolinski, Klaus Natter, and Sepp D. Kohlwein 6. A Genomic Approach to Yeast Chronological Aging Christopher R. Burtner, Christopher J. Murakami, and Matt Kaeberlein 7. Chemogenomic Approaches to Elucidation of Gene Function and Genetic Pathways Sarah E. Pierce, Ron W. Davis, Corey Nislow, and Guri Giaever 8. Identification of Inhibitors of Chromatin Modifying Enzymes Using the Yeast Phenotypic Screens Benjamin Newcomb and Antonio Bedalov 9. Exploiting Yeast Genetics to Inform Therapeutic Strategies for Huntington's Disease Flaviano Giorgini and Paul J. Muchowski 10. Global Proteomic Analysis of S. cerevisiae (GPS) Identifies Molecular Pathways of Histone Modifications Jessica Jackson and Ali Shilatifard 11. Systematic Characterization of the Protein Interaction Network and Protein Complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP) and Mass Spectrometry Mohan Babu, Nevan J. Krogan, Donald E. Awrey, Andrew Emili, and Jack F. Greenblatt 12. Protein Microarrays Joseph Fasolo and MichaelSnyder 13. Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions Using Array-Based Yeast Two-Hybrid Screens Seesandra V. Rajagopal and Peter Uetz 14. Analysis of Membrane Protein Complexes Using the Split-Ubiquitin Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid (MYTH) System Saranya Kittanakom, Matthew Chuk, Jamie Snider, Victoria Wong, Dawn Edmonds, Apostolos Lydakis, Zhaolei Zhang, Daniel Auerbach, and Igor Stagljar 15. Computational Analysis of the Yeast Proteome: Understanding and Exploiting Functional Specificity in Genomic Data Curtis Huttenhower, Chad L. Myers, Matthew A. Hibbs, and Olga G. Troyanskaya
High morphological plasticity in Gesneriaceae meristems: reversions in vegetative and floral development.

An overview is given of the current knowledge of the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying the morphological diversity exhibited by Gesneriaceae plants, one of the larger angiosperm families with more than 3200 species. The development of vegetative structures is highly diversified and includes several unusual features, such as anisocotyly, observed in some genera such as Streptocarpus or Monophyllaea, where one cotyledon develops continuously after germination to form phyllomorphs, rather than leaves. Some anisocotylous plants retain only the continuously developing macrocotyledon as photosynthetic tissue to form ‘one-leaf plants’. Recent Evo-Devo studies have shed some light on the origin and behavior of meristems in such phyllomorphic plants. The plant hormone, cytokinin and environmental factors, such as light, are likely to be the key players in this scenario. Reversions to vegetative development of floral meristems are observed in the genus Titanotrichum. Here, the flower meristems change to form bulbils at the end of the flowering season, a means of asexual mass reproduction. Both phenomena, anisocotyly and bulbil meristem formation are interesting cases of the diversification of meristem behavior in plants, which may be responsible for the generation of such high levels of phenovariation observed in Gesneriaceae.
Zearalenone production by naturally occurring Fusarium species on maize, wheat and soybeans from Nigeria.

The occurrence of Fusarium species on maize, wheat and soybean in store in Southwestern Nigeria was determined followed by the study of the Zearalenone producing capacity of the isolates on soybean using wheat as standard under tested conditions. One hundred and seventy-three isolates representing 12 Fusarium species were isolated and identified as F. acuminatum, F. compactum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. lateritium, F. poae, F. proliferatum, F. semitectum, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioides. F. sporotrichioides recorded the highest isolation frequency (96%) on maize, F. graminearum (100%) on wheat and F. semitectum (80%) on soybeans. Zearalenone determination using the Veratox ELISA quantitative test kit showed that F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc. IMI 393764 (Sos1) produced the highest zearalenone on soybean (27.2μg kg) under the tested conditions while no zearalenone was detected for F. poae (Sak1) and F. subglutinans (Sek2). All tested isolates produced ZEA on wheat from day 12. Kinetic study of zearalenone production showed that this toxin was not detected at day 6. The levels of zearalenone produced between day 12 and 18 at 30C tripled on an average while at 25C and between the 24 and 30 days, levels almost doubled. This is the first report of F. lateritium occurrence on wheat in Nigeria and zearalenone production by F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc. IMI 393764 on soybean.
Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphomas

Four viruses are involved in the genesis of leukemias and lymphomas in humans, EBV, HTLV-1, HHV8 and HCV. Since its discovery in 1965, thousands of papers have delt with the epidemiology, molecular biology, cell biology and disease related aspects of EBV. It is ubiquitous in the human population with a long history of coexistence, during which the mutual adaptation resulted in a largely non-pathogenic interaction.5
Patterns of community structure during succession in tallgrass prairie

COLLINS, S. L. (Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019). Patterns of community structure during succession in tallgrass prairie. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 117: 397-408. 1990-Patterns of species diversity are a product of many complex interactions that change during succession. The purpose of this study was to measure components of community diversity during succession in six experimental treatments: protected prairie, grazed prairie, once-plowed prairie, annually plowed prairie, abandoned field, and a replowed field. Phase-space analysis of ordination data is introduced as a means of assessing successional dynamics in communities. The phase-space analysis of DCA ordination revealed similar successional trajectories for the protected, once-plowed and annually plowed treatments and divergent patterns in the other plots. The degree and rate of change during succession varied among treatments long after experimental plowing ceased. Patterns of species density, species diversity, mosaic diversity, community heterogeneity, and dominance changed among treatments over time. Heterogeneity decreased on four of five successional plots, but it increased on the grazed treatment. Mosaic diversity showed no clear pattern among the treatments during succession. When data from the successional treatments were combined, the overall patterns were more complex. Heterogeneity fluctuated during succession in response to changes in species density. As species density increased, species diversity increased, whereas heterogeneity and dominance decreased. Because ofthe temporal fluctuations in heterogeneity and the different components of community diversity, no simple monotonic model will adequately represent patterns of community structure during succession. By analyzing the complex components of structure at different spatial and temporal scales, it will be possible to more clearly understand patterns and mechanisms controlling diversity in plant communities.
ANÁLISE DO RETORNO SOBRE O INVESTIMENTO EM TREINAMENTO SOBRE AS PERSPECTIVAS DO BSC: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA EMPRESA DE AUTOMAÇÃO COMERCIAL

O objetivo central desse trabalho e evidenciar como acoes de investimentos em treinamento de pessoas podem trazer resultados e modificacoes positivas no escopo de uma Micro e Pequena Empresa (MPE). Metodologicamente, para a consecucao de tal objetivo, efetuou-se um estudo de caso em uma MPE de automacao comercial, por meio de entrevistas e observacao documental. O referencial teorico tem como foco a explicacao e o detalhamento do Balanced Scorecard (BSC) e suas perspectivas de abordagem, uma vez esse modelo de gestao foi utilizado para identificar como o investimento na perspectiva de “aprendizado e crescimento” impactou no desempenho das demais perspectivas do BSC (processos internos, clientes, financeiro), sendo esse o principal resultado da presente pesquisa. Como conclusao, observou-se um crescimento exponencial no numero de negocios realizados pela empresa ao longo dos ultimos anos, como consequencia direta do simples direcionamento de sua forca de trabalho na realizacao de cursos oferecidos pelo Servico Brasileiro de Apoio as Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE). Profe
Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases in Bacillus subtilis

An important function in protein folding is the formation of disulfide bonds. In different compartments of bacteria specific oxido reductases are responsible for this function. Thanks to the identification of all genes from various model organisms the understanding of the function of the various members of this family has increased dramatically. Zie: Summary