Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Business Intelligence Security on the Clouds: Challenges, Solutions and Future Directions

Business intelligence (BI) is a critical software system employed by the higher management of organizations for presenting business performance reports through Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) functionalities. BI faces sophisticated security issues given its strategic importance for higher management of business entities. Scholars have emphasized on enhanced session, presentation and application layer security in BI, in addition to the usual network and transport layer security controls. This is because an unauthorized user can gain access to highly sensitive consolidated business information in a BI system. To protect a BI environment, a number of controls are needed at the level of database objects, application files, and the underlying servers. In a cloud environment, the controls will be needed at all the components employed in the service-oriented architecture for hosting BI on the cloud. Hence, a BI environment (whether self-hosted or cloud-hosted) is expected to face significant security overheads. In this context, two models for securing BI on a cloud have been simulated in this paper. The first model is based on securing BI using a Unified Threat Management (UTM) cloud and the second model is based on distributed security controls embedded within the BI server arrays deployed throughout the Cloud. The simulation results revealed that the UTM model is expected to cause more overheads and bottlenecks per OLAP user than the distributed security model. However, the distributed security model is expected to pose administrative control effectiveness challenges than the UTM model. Based on the simulation results, it is recommended that BI security model on a Cloud should comprise of network, transport, session and presentation layers of security controls through UTM, and application layer security through the distributed security components. A mixed environment of both the models will ensure technical soundness of security controls, better security processes, clearly defined roles and accountabilities, and effectiveness of controls.
Are They All Like Bill, Mark, and Steve? The Education Premium for Entrepreneurs

We rely on the Survey of Consumer Finances to study the return to education of US entrepreneurs since the late 1980s. We calculate the average yearly income that an entrepreneur expects to obtain during his venture, combining labor income, dividend payments, and capital gains upon selling the business. We find that the premium for postgraduate education has increased substantially more for entrepreneurs than for employees. Today an entrepreneur with a postgraduate degree earns on average \$100,000 a year more than one with a college degree. And the difference is substantially greater at the higher quantiles of the income distribution. In the late 1980s, the differences had been close to zero. The rise in the postgraduate premium is mainly due to increased complementarity between the advanced formal skills provided by higher education and the applied practical expertise acquired through past labor market experience. In combination, these two factors have become increasingly valuable to running successful businesses.
Methods of controlling the input impedance of a microstrip patch antenna

Two methods of controlling the input impedance of a microstrip end-fed patch antenna are investigated. Using a 4 GHz reference antenna, the variations of input impedance and radiation patterns are compared, for (a) changing the feed positions to the non-radiating edge against (b) changing the width of a normal fed patch antenna. An expression for finding the necessary width for the last case is given using the results of the analysis.
Significant association of coronary artery calcification in stent delivery route with restenosis after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.

BACKGROUND Sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) has revolutionized interventional cardiology. Its application is spreading to complex, high-risk subsets of patients and lesions. Therefore, it is important to determine the factors associated with post-SES restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The study investigated 341 patients with angina pectoris, in whom SES was implanted. The coronary artery calcification (CAC) degree was assessed using the angiographic scoring system as follows: 0, none; 1, blocky or spotty calcification; 2, linear calcification compromising 1 side of the arterial lumen; 3, linear calcification found unidirectionally compromising both sides of the arterial lumen; 4, linear calcification found bidirectionally compromising both sides of the arterial lumen; and 5, blanket/circumferential and dense calcification. Restenosis was observed in 23 patients (7.3%). The target lesion (1.8 +/-1.7 vs 0.7 +/-1.1 [mean +/- SD]) and stent delivery route CAC scores (3.1 +/-2.5 vs 1.4 +/-2.0) were significantly higher in patients with restenosis than in those without it (P<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the CAC score of the stent delivery route was independently associated with restenosis (odds ratio of 6.804, P<0.05), although CAC score of the target lesion was not. CONCLUSIONS CAC in the stent delivery route is an important determinant of post-SES restenosis.
The Effects of Presentation Rate During Word and Pseudoword Reading: A Comparison of PET and fMRI

The effect of stimulus rate and its interaction with stimulus type on brain activity during reading was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This (i) enabled the segregation of brain regions showing differential responses, (ii) identified the optimum experimental design parameters for maximizing sensitivity, and (iii) allowed us to evaluate further the sources of discrepancy between positron emission tomography (PET) and fMRI signals. The effect of visual word rate has already been investigated in a previous PET study. However, rate effects can be very different in PET and fMRI, as seen in previous studies of auditory word processing. In this work, we attempt to replicate rate-sensitive activations observed with PET using fMRI. Our objective was to characterize the discrepancies in regionally specific rate-sensitive effects between the two imaging modalities. Subjects were presented with words and pseudowords at varying rates while performing a silent reading task. The analysis specifically identified regions showing (i) an effect of stimulus rate on brain activity during reading; (ii) modulation of this effect by word type; and (iii) increased activity during reading relative to rest, but with no dependence on stimulus rate. The results identified similar effects of rate for words and pseudowords (no interactions between rate and word type reached significance). Irrespective of word type, strong positive linear effects of rate (i.e., activity increasing with rate) were detected in visual areas, right superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral precentral gyrus. These findings replicate the results of the previous PET study, confirming that activation in regions associated with visual processing and response generation increases with the number of stimuli. Likewise, we detected rate-independent effects reported in the previous PET study in bilateral anterior middle temporal, inferior frontal, and superior parietal regions. These results differentiate the functionally specific responses in rate-dependent and rate-independent areas. However, for negative effects of rate, fMRI did not replicate the effects seen in PET, suggesting some form of hemodynamic rectification. The discussion focuses on differences between evoked rCBF and BOLD signals.
Interaction between Cortical Control of Vestibular Function and Spatial Representation in Man

Abstract: An asymmetry of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex is observed after unilateral posterior cortical lesions in human. The co‐occurrence of vestibular deficits and visuo‐spatial disorders suggests a functional link between the representation and update of space and the integration of vestibular information in the occipito‐parieto‐temporal cortex of the right hemisphere.
Algebraic solution of source location estimation using TDOA and AOA measurements

This study proposes a two-step solution to determine the position of an individual source in the presence of a number of sensors from time difference of arrival (TDOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements. The localization formula is derived from the weighted least squares minimization of the equation error. A weighting matrix is employed in each of the two steps of the proposed method, which leads to an approximate maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, to generate a substantial improvement in the performance of the method. Simulation studies show that the proposed joint TDOA/AOA location scheme outperforms the conventional AOA-only and TDOA-only methods.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathway for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Pilot Study and Preliminary Outcomes

Summary: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways represent a multimodal approach to improve the quality of postoperative care by diminishing the stress response to the trauma of an operation, thereby minimizing hospital length of stay and potentially complications. At a time when healthcare costs are being intensely scrutinized, efforts to reduce patient morbidity and hospital stay are imperative and timely. The success of ERAS fast-track surgery pathways—thoroughly studied in the colorectal literature—has led to their application in other fields. Herein, we present our ERAS pathway for patients undergoing abdominal wall repairs, including the rationale and supporting evidence behind each of its components and our early clinical results after implementation. Although hastened patient recovery is clearly multifactorial, our pathway, incorporating alvimopan, early feeding strategies, and multimodal pain therapy with an emphasis on the reduction of opiate usage as well as precise intraoperative nerve block with novel longer-acting local anesthetic Exparel, appears to provide significant improvement in postoperative pain, bowel function recovery, and shorter hospital stay. Although a prospective evaluation of the entire ERAS pathway as well as contribution of its various components is currently ongoing at our Hernia Center, we believe ours or similar ERAS pathways will soon become standard for the vast majority of patients undergoing abdominal wall surgery.
Looking into HMD: A method of latency measurement for head mounted display

Latency is an important specification of the Head Mounted Display (HMD). The dynamical characteristics of the display and that of the lag compensation is the non-negligible part in the remaining latency after the lag compensation for the state-of-the-art HMD. By examining the past method, it was revealed that the evaluation of the subjective view was necessary to grasp such values. The result of measurement proved the capability to evaluate such dynamical characteristics, as well as the average latency.
A Re-examination of the Mundell-Fleming Flexible Exchange-Rate Model

For over thirty years, the Mundell-Fleming model has served not only as a template for research in international macroeconomics, but also as an important pedagogical tool. The underlying pedagogical value of the model is that it can be combined with other models to explain how different exogenous factors impact the balance of payments and the exchange rate. The purpose of this paper, in turn, is to elucidate the pedagogical value of the Mundell-Fleming model by presenting a traditional market model consisting of their model and a Keynesian-Hicksian IS/LM and aggregate supply and demand curve model that can be used to evaluate the impacts macroeconomic policies and events have on exchange rates.
Temporal trends and inequality in under-5 mortality from diarrhea.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the trend in mortality due to diarrhea among children under 5 in the town of Osasco (SP), Brazil, between 1980 and 2000. METHODS This is a descriptive observational study with two different designs, the first using individuals as the unit of study, and the other ecological, using groups of individuals as units of observation and including time series analysis. Data were obtained from the state of São Paulo information system of deaths and the results of the 1980, 1991 and 2000 censuses. Seasonal variations were described and log linear polynomial regression models were employed to analyze trends, using the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers and their children. Analyses were carried out of the changes in the town's sociodemographic indicators from 1980 to 2000, the average mortality rates among under-5s due to diarrhea and the differences between districts during the 1990s. RESULTS There were a total of 1,360 deaths, 94.3% of which were before 1 year of age and 75.3% of which were before 6 months. There was a 98.3% reduction in mortality and the period of peak mortality shifted from summer to autumn/fall. The median age at death increased from 2 months at the first three quinquenium of study to 3 months at the last. The residual deaths were among the children of mothers aged 20 to 29 years and of mothers who had spent less than 8 years in education. The relative risk between the worst-affected district and the average rate for the town reduced from 3.4 to 1.3 from the first 5 years of the 1990s to the second half of the decade. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate an increase in the age of greatest vulnerability and indicate that it is probable that the agent most often linked with mortality due to diarrhea has changed.
Expression of TRAIL and its receptors in human brain tumors.

Recently, TRAIL has been demonstrated to selectively induce apoptosis in transformed cell lines, and subsequently four receptors (TRAIL-R1-TRAIL-R4) have been identified. The ability to transduce death signals is restricted to TRAIL-R1/TRAIL-R2. In contrast, TRAIL-R3/TRAIL-R4 are unable to activate apoptotic pathways and have therefore been suggested to act as "decoys" protecting normal tissues from cell death. However, the biological role of the TRAIL system remains incompletely understood. We analyzed the expression of TRAIL and its receptors in a panel of human brain tumors (n = 34) and in four glioma cell lines in comparison to normal brain tissue. Constant co-expression of TRAIL and of receptors TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, and TRAIL-R3 in different tumor entities as well as in normal brain indicates that additional mechanisms might modulate the previously proposed "decoy" model. Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports, we demonstrate TRAIL and TRAIL-R2 to be present on a transcriptional level in normal brain tissue. Exceptional expression of TRAIL-R4 transcripts does not suggest a significant regulatory role of this receptor in the human brain and its tumors.
Bispecific antibody targets multiple Pseudomonas aeruginosa evasion mechanisms in the lung vasculature

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of severe infections that lead to bacteremia and high patient mortality. P. aeruginosa has evolved numerous evasion and subversion mechanisms that work in concert to overcome immune recognition and effector functions in hospitalized and immunosuppressed individuals. Here, we have used multilaser spinning-disk intravital microscopy to monitor the blood-borne stage in a murine bacteremic model of P. aeruginosa infection. P. aeruginosa adhered avidly to lung vasculature, where patrolling neutrophils and other immune cells were virtually blind to the pathogen’s presence. This cloaking phenomenon was attributed to expression of Psl exopolysaccharide. Although an anti-Psl mAb activated complement and enhanced neutrophil recognition of P. aeruginosa, neutrophil-mediated clearance of the pathogen was suboptimal owing to a second subversion mechanism, namely the type 3 secretion (T3S) injectisome. Indeed, T3S prevented phagosome acidification and resisted killing inside these compartments. Antibody-mediated inhibition of the T3S protein PcrV did not enhance bacterial phagocytosis but did enhance killing of the few bacteria ingested by neutrophils. A bispecific mAb targeting both Psl and PcrV enhanced neutrophil uptake of P. aeruginosa and also greatly increased inhibition of T3S function, allowing for phagosome acidification and bacterial killing. These data highlight the need to block multiple evasion and subversion mechanisms in tandem to kill P. aeruginosa.
Thermal characteristics of multi-die, three-dimensional integrated circuits with unequally sized die

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) technology involves significant thermal management challenges due to the overlap of heat dissipation from several die. One particular problem is related to the thermal management of a multi-die stack with unequally-sized die. This is an important problem since several 3D IC process integration technologies requires unequally sized die. This paper investigates several thermal management and design issues in such a scenario. A resistance-network based model for a multi-die stack with unequally sized die is developed and validated using full finite-element simulations. In case all die dissipate the same power density, the model shows that as expected, it is thermally optimal to place the largest die nearest to the heat sink. On the other hand, if all die dissipate the same total power, the thermally optimal sequence calls for placing the two largest die at the two ends of the stack, in order to minimize the stack-to-package and stack-to-heatsink thermal resistances. In addition to these validation cases, the model enables prediction of temperature profiles for a general case with non-uniform die sizes, powers and power distributions, where the optimal sequence is not obvious. For example, in a somewhat surprising result, it is shown that the impact of choosing a thermally optimized stack sequence is somewhat diminished in the presence of hotspots on the die. It is shown that given the total silicon area, it is thermally optimal to partition the silicon area into equal-sized die, although this may be in conflict with the most economical option for manufacturing 3D ICs.
Waveform and amplitude characteristics of evoked responses to dendritic stimulation of CA1 guinea‐pig pyramidal cells.

1. Dendritic synaptic responses were evoked in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells using a microstimulation protocol which included focal excitation of proximal and distal apical afferents. Ensembles of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were analysed for magnitude, waveform parameters and fluctuation characteristics between responses. 2. The peak amplitude of the minimal detectable responses to dendritic stimulation ranged from 0.12 to 0.89 mV. Control experiments showed separation of the minimal EPSPs from extracellular field potentials and somatic inhibition. The EPSPs demonstrated no significant amplitude trends over ensembles of 150‐300 responses, at a 2 Hz stimulation rate. 3. Both minimal (less than 1 mV) and large (1‐5 mV) proximal and distal evoked EPSPs were clearly different in terms of all waveform parameters analysed. However, the large EPSPs exhibited substantially less proximal‐distal separation than the minimal responses. 4. The separation of minimal proximal and distal responses was similar to that predicted by earlier dendritic model simulations, after revision of the model parameter determining shape of the synaptic input. The proximal and distal synapses are separated by approximately 0.6 dendritic length constants (lambda), within an average apical dendritic tree of 0.9 lambda. 5. The decrease in proximal‐distal separation with increasing EPSP size may stem from recruitment of non‐laminar dendritic afferents and the addition of feed‐forward inhibitory potentials. These circuitry features of the CA1 region lead to an effective electrical shortening of the apical dendritic tree for large EPSPs and in particular to an enhanced efficacy of distal synapses.
Extrarenal Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor in Childhood Application of 18F-FDG PET/CT

Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare malignancy in childhood and has a poor prognosis. Accurate histopathologic diagnosis and staging of the malignancy has major implications for patient management. The application of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in pediatric malignancy has been well described and is having a significant clinical impact in many common pediatric cancers, in particular lymphoma, brain tumors, bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The use of PET/CT using 18F-FDG in rare tumors such as MRT is unclear. Two cases of MRT in childhood are described. One patient, a 12-year-old female, was shown to have extensive metastatic disease on PET/CT, showed poor response to chemotherapy and progression of disease detected on PET/CT. Her management was changed to palliative care. The second child, a 20-month-old female, presented with a parapharyngeal mass. The initial magnetic resonance imaging showed the mass and possible metastatic ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes. The initial staging PET/CT confirmed avid metabolic activity in the tumor and regional node involvement but no distant metastases. She showed an initial good but incomplete response on PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging to chemotherapy and her treatment program was changed. The patient relapsed with recurrent pharyngeal tumor and her management was changed to palliative care. MRT accumulate 18F-FDG avidly. PET/CT was helpful in the initial staging, assessing response to treatment, and in clinical decisions at various stages of management for both patients.
Real-World Clinical Data Identifies Gender-related Profiles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

This study aims to compare diagnostic and clinical outcomes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) from the gender perspective using retrospective health care data and patient reported outcomes in a real-world setting. An electronic database was constructed from complete medical records of 844 COPD patients who were recruited in Helsinki and Turku University Central Hospitals during the years 2005—07. The patients were identified from the hospital discharge registries by ICD10 code J44.8 in the age group of 18–75 years of age. The medical history was obtained from all healthcare providers who had treated these patients during the previous 5-10 years; the study intends to continue their follow-up annually for the next 10 years. Thirty-six percent (N = 266) of the participants were women. The COPD diagnosis had been made at the same age for both genders. Women, however, reported significantly less pack-years than men. Compared to the men, the women displayed less advanced airway obstruction, but more severe gas transfer impairment. Parenchymal damage when evaluated by diffusion capacity correlated significantly stronger with FEV1 (% of predicted) in women than men. The BMI index of the women was lower than that of the men. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and alcoholism were significantly more common in men, but women suffered more psychiatric conditions, especially depression. This cohort showed several significant gender dependent differences in the clinical presentation that need to taken under consideration in the assessment of COPD progression and the disease management.