Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent probes in biology and medicine: measurement of intracellular pH values in individual cells

The application possibilities of fluorescent probes have increased dramatically in the last few years. The main areas are as follows (Slavik, 1994, 1996, 1998). Intracellular ionic cell composition: There are selective ion-sensitive dyes for H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Fe3+, Cl-, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Ba2+, La3+. Membrane potential: Using the so-called slow (Nernstian dyes) or electrochromic dyes one can assess the value of the transmembrane potential. Membrane fluidity: Fluorescent probes inform about the freedom of rotational and translational movement of membrane proteins and lipids. Selective labeling: Almost any object of interest inside the cell or on its surface can be selectively fluorescently labeled. There are dyes specific for DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides (FISH), Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, etc. Using fluorescent dyes specific receptors may be localized, their conformational changes followed and the polarity of corresponding binding sites accessed. The endocytic pathway may be followed, enzymes and their local enzymatic activity localized. For really selective labeling fluorescent labeled antibodies exist. Imaging: One of the main advantages of fluorescence imaging is its versatility. It allow choice among ratio imaging in excitation, ratio imaging in emission and lifetime imaging. These approaches can be applied to both the classical wide-field fluorescence microscopy and to the laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, one day possibly to the scanning near field optical microscopy. Simultaneous application of several fluorescent dyes: The technical progress in both excitation sources and in detectors allows to extend the excitation deeper in the blue and ultraviolet side and the detection further in the NIR and IR. Consequently, up to 6 peaks in excitation and up to 6 peaks in emission can be followed without any substantial difficulties. Application of dyes such with longer fluorescence lifetimes such as rare earth dyes gives chance for the separated detection of another six peak pairs. The literature data on simultaneous applications of several fluorescent dyes are rare, usually it is only pH and calcium, pH and membrane potential or pH and cytoskeleton changes that are mentioned. Nevertheless, I am sure that in the near future it will be quite common to employ several fluorescent dyes simultaneously. So, in a few years, you may expect to be comfortably seated in an armchair in front of the monitor screen, sip your coffee and follow simultaneously several physiological parameters trying to find out new relations among them. In this respect the potential of fluorescent probes is unsurpassed if you just recall only the discovery of calcium waves and calcium spikes during the past years.
Developing Inclusive Youth: How to Reduce Social Exclusion and Foster Equality and Equity in Childhood.

In the past two decades, psychologists, educators, and economists have shown that social stratification creates social inequalities that have long-term detrimental effects on children’s physical, emotional, and academic development. The segregation of social networks, as well as experiences of social inequality in the form of prejudice and bias, contributes to negative developmental outcomes for children over and above unequal access to material resources. Unfortunately, hate and bias crimes have increased significantly over the past decade, turning the clock back on progress toward just and fair treatment of individuals. For the past 25 years, my colleagues and I at the University of Maryland have researched the emergence of children’s conceptions of fairness and equality, their experiences of prejudice, and children’s likelihood to perpetuate bias, to help us understand how to improve children’s lives. We have learned a number of lessons about what helps to reduce prejudice and to foster an understanding of the need to treat others fairly and equally. Based on our extensive research findings over the past two decades, we developed an intervention program for elementary school classrooms, Developing Inclusive Youth, which includes a web-based curriculum tool and teacher-led discussions, to reduce prejudice and social exclusion, support socioemotional well-being, promote friendships among children from diverse groups, and increase children’s motivation to succeed academically.
Trophic radiation through polymorphism in cichlid fishes ( genetic variation / allozymes / adaptive radiation )

Several morphologically defined species of cichlid fishes (Cichlasoma) endemic to the Cuatro Cienegas basin of Mexico and differing in tooth structure, body shape, and diet are allelically identical at 27 gene loci. The resence of only one Mendelian population in each of three drainage systems studied and the occurrence of two of the morphotypes in the same broods indicate that the supposed species are morphs. That trophic radiation in the Cuatro Cienegas cichlids has been achieved through ecological polymorphism rather than speciation raises questions regarding the genetic basis for the extensive intralacustrine radiation of cichlids in Africa and elsewhere. The discovery of a flock of endemic species of cichlid fishes (Cichlasoma) in the isolated Cuatro Cienegas basin of Coahuila, Mexico, was reported by Taylor and Minckley (1-3), who analogized the situation to the extensive adaptive radiation of cichlids in the rift valley lakes of Africa (4-6). Three species were recognized: a snail-eating type with molariform (crushing) teeth and a short gut; a detritusor alga-feeding form with papilliform teeth and a long gut; and a fish-eating species with a fusiform body. La Bounty (7) recently distinguished two piscivorous species, one having molariform and the other papilliform teeth. The genetic structure of populations of the snailand detritus-eating types was studied by Kornfield and Koehn (8), who examined proteins electrophoretically in samples from three localities. Failing to demonstrate either interspecific or interlocality variation, they concluded that speciation has occurred without genic differentiation. However, another interpretation is that the morphological "species" are morphs of a single species. To determine the genetic basis for adaptive radiation in the Cuatro Cienegas cichlids, we have re-examined their morphology, ecology, and genetic structure. Our analysis indicates that radiation has been achieved through polymorphism rather than speciation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples. Collections were made in January and May, 1974, in three of the seven drainage systems at Cuatro Cienegas (2): (a) a 100-m stretch of the Rio Churince, i km from its origin at Laguna Churince; (b) Poso de la Becerra; and (c) Laguna El Mojarral. A sample of the widely distributed species Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum was collected at Socavon Spring near Musquiz, Coahuila, in May, 1974. Analysis of Gut
Phytochemical Investigation of Calotropis procera Ait Roots

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Calotropis procera Ait. (Asclepiadaceae) yields two new phytoconstituents procerursenyl acetate and proceranol together with the known compounds N-dotriacont-6-ene, glyceryl mono-oleolyl-2-phosphate, methyl myrisate, methyl behenate and glyceryl-1,2-dicapriate-3-phosphate. The structures of the new compounds have been identified as urs-18α-H-12,20(30)-diene-3β-yl acetate and n-triacontan -10β-ol on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.
Transition Metal Complexes of Furan‐2‐aldehyde Thiosemicarbazone

Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Co(III) complexes of furan‐2‐aldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL) have been synthesized and are characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV‐Vis, IR, 1H NMR and EPR spectra. The molar conductivities show that all of the complexes are non‐electrolytes. The IR spectra suggest coordination of the thiosemicarbazone to the metal through azomethine nitrogen and thiolate sulfur atoms. The furan oxygen appears not to be coordinated in all complexes. The complexes have the formulas Cu2L2Cl2, NiL2, ZnL2 and CoL3 where L corresponds to the anionic thiosemicarbazone.
Hydrogen Bonding in Monomers and Dimers of 2-Aminoethanol

Equilibrium structures of monomers and dimers of 2-aminoethanol (AE) exhibiting different intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the OH and NH2 groups were optimized and analyzed in theoretical density functional B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) calculations. Natural bond orbital (NBO) theory was applied to quantify the relative strength of these interactions and to account for their effect on stability, structural, and vibrational parameters of both monomers and dimers. It is shown that the charge transferred from the lone pair of the hydrogen bond acceptor to the antibonding orbital of the donor provides the substantial stabilizing component of the hydrogen bond. NBO energetic analysis demonstrates that the OH···N interaction is the strongest one for both monomers (intramolecular) and dimers (intermolecular). The intramolecular hydrogen bond in AE monomers is relatively weak, in part, because of its bent nature. The formation of a stronger and more linear intermolecular hydrogen bond between mole.
The formation of a nitrogen to carbon bond in a reaction of a dinitrogen complex

Organic acid chlorides, RCOCl, react with trans-[W(N2)2(dpe)2](dpe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) to produce complexes [(dpe)2Cl2W(N2HCOR)] from which HCl can be removed to form chelated aroyl- and acyl-azo-N,O-complexes, [(dpe)2ClW(–N = N–COR)].
THE CHEMISTRY OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF ZIRCONIUM SALTS (DOES THE ZIRCONYL ION EXIST

CONTENTS I. Introduction 656 II. Historical review 656 III. Properties of aqueous solutions of zirconium salts 657 IV. Complex formation by zirconium in aqueous and acidic solutions of its salts 660 V. Preparative chemistry of zirconium compounds and its relation to the chemical state of zirconium in solutions 664
Amino functionalized mesoporous silica decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles as a magnetically recoverable nanoreactor for the synthesis of a new series of 2,4-diphenylpyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidines

(Fe2O3)–MCM-41–nPrNH2 as a magnetically recoverable nanoreactor, was prepared through the reaction of (Fe2O3)–MCM-41 with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in refluxing dry toluene. The catalyst with 10 wt% of loaded iron oxide nanoparticles was found to be a highly efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of a new class of 2,4-diphenylpyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidines under solvent free conditions in high to quantitative yields. By using an external magnet the catalyst was recovered and reused several times without any loss of efficiency. The prepared catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen physisorption measurements.
Les dynamiques sociales et politiques associées à l’eutrophisation et à sa prise en charge.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Les dynamiques sociales et politiques associées à l’eutrophisation et à sa prise en charge. Alix Levain, Carole Barthelemy, Magalie Bourblanc, Jean-Marc Douguet, Agathe Euzen
SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM CURRENT CONCEPTS & M ANAGEMENT STRATEGEIES

Subclinical hypothyroidism is a biochemical diagnosis characterized by raised thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal free T3 & T4, without clinical features of hypothyroidism. Clinical significance of SCH remains uncertain and controversial. Symptoms of SCH may vary from being asymptomatic to having mild nonspecific symptoms. There are still controversies surrounding SCH and associated risk of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), pregnancy outcomes, neuropsychiatric issues, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. This review will summarize the current data related to the effects of SCH on cardiovascular risk, SCH in pregnancy, in dyslipedemia and clinical guidelines on management of this condition. The evidence has been updated by a Pub med search on the risks and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism of most recent articles published until March 2015.
Effect of impurity band conduction on the electrical characteristics of n-type CuInSe2

The Hall effect and electrical resistivity of n-type CuInSe2 single crystals are measured between 4.2 and 300 K. Using a single conduction band model, the variation of the electron concentration with temperature above 100 K is explained in terms of the thermal activation of a shallow donor. The density of states effective mass me*=0.09me of the electrons, the activation energy of the donors around 7 meV, their concentration, and the compensation ratio are estimated. The temperature dependence of the electron mobility in conduction band is analyzed by taking into account the scattering of the charge carriers by ionized impurities and acoustic and polar optical phonon modes. The adjustable parameters, thus obtained, are compared with those reported earlier. On the other hand, by considering the two-band model with electrons in both the conduction and impurity bands, the change in the Hall coefficient with temperature between 300 and 40 K is explained. It is found that at the temperature where the Hall coeff.
Preparation of Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Pulsed Current Electrolysis

ZnO thin films were prepared on indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates by pulsed current electrolysis. The preferred orientation of the ZnO thin films prepared by pulsed current electrolysis changed in order to (0002), (1011), and (1010) by the change in overvoltage. Green-yellow emission centered around 580 nm was observed for the ZnO films. The increase of intensity of the green-yellow emission may be ascribed to effects brought about during the pause of electrolysis. The transmittance at 600 nm for ZnO thin films prepared by pulsed current electrolysis was over 95%. It was demonstrated that pulsed current electrolysis is effective for control of preferred orientation and concentration of lattice defects and for improvement of the transmittance of ZnO thin films.
Friction and impact sensitivity of formulations containing glycidyl azide polymer

Dans la presente publication, on decrit une etude sur les risques potentiels presentes par les formulations a base de glycidylazide (GAP). Des essais de friction et de chute ont ete realises sur differents propergols GAP ― le GAP etant melange a differents ingredients ― et a differentes etapes du processus de fabrication du melange explosif. Les resultats montrent que, dans certaines conditions, les formulations GAP peuvent etre tres sensibles a la friction et au choc
Vibrational relaxation and energy localization in polyatomics: Effects of high‐order resonances on flow rates and the quantum ergodicity transition

That high‐order resonances may be involved in determining rates of vibrational relaxation in highly excited molecules has been recognized for some time. In this paper, high‐order resonances are shown to play a central role in establishing the transition to ergodic flow, which we call the quantum ergodicity transition, at low energy in many‐dimensional systems. The location of the transition to global vibrational flow in a system of coupled nonlinear oscillators is found to be generally sensitive to high‐order resonances. On the other hand, except immediately above the transition, rates of flow once established depend primarily on the familiar low‐order terms until the molecule reaches much higher excitation. Both the orders of resonant coupling terms in the vibrational Hamiltonian important in determining the transition to ergodicity, and the orders relevant for determining vibrational relaxation rates in large molecules are found to scale in a simple way with the strength of resonant coupling terms and t.
Theoretical study of magnetic layers of nickel on copper; dead or alive?

We studied the persistence of magnetism in ultrathin nickel films on copper. Layer-dependent magnetic moments in Ni films on the (001), (110) and (111) surfaces of Cu have been calculated using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's function method. The results show that, at temperature T = 0, a single nickel monolayer is ferromagnetic on Cu(001) and Cu(110) but magnetically `dead' on the more closely packed Cu(111) surface. Films of two and more layers of Ni are always ferromagnetic, with the magnetic moment enhanced in the surface layer but strongly reduced in the interface layer. Due to the short screening length, both the effect of the interface and that of the surface are confined to only a few atomic layers.
A Versatile, Molecular Engineering Approach to Simultaneously Enhanced, Multifunctional Carbon‐Nanotube– Polymer Composites

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are recognized as the ultimate carbon fibers for high‐performance, multifunctional composites. The remarkable multifunctional properties of pristine SWNTs have proven, however, difficult to harness simultaneously in polymer composites, a problem that arises largely because of the smooth surface of the carbon nanotubes (i.e., sidewalls), which is incompatible with most solvents and polymers, and leads to a poor dispersion of SWNTs in polymer matrices, and weak SWNT–polymer adhesion. Although covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes are excellent reinforcements for mechanically strong composites, they are usually less attractive fillers for multifunctional composites, because the covalent functionalization of nanotube sidewalls can considerably alter, or even destroy, the nanotubes' desirable intrinsic properties. We report for the first time that the molecular engineering of the interface between non‐covalently functionalized SWNTs and the surrounding polymer matrix is crucial for achieving the dramatic and simultaneous enhancement in mechanical and electrical properties of SWNT–polymer composites. We demonstrate that the molecularly designed interface of SWNT–matrix polymer leads to multifunctional SWNT–polymer composite films stronger than pure aluminum, but with only half the density of aluminum, while concurrently providing electroconductivity and room‐temperature solution processability.
Secondary electron emission in the scanning electron microscope

This paper surveys experimental results concerned with secondary electron emission of surfaces bombarded by primary electrons with respect to scanning electron microscopy. The energy distribution, the angular distribution, and the yield of secondary electrons from metals and insulators are reviewed as well as the escape depth of the secondary electrons and the contribution of the backscattered electrons to the secondary electron yield. The different detectors for secondary electrons in the scanning electron microscope are described. The contrast mechanisms in the scanning electron microscope, material, topography, voltage, magnetic, and crystallographic orientation contrast based on secondary electron emission, as well as the lateral resolution, depending among other things on the spatial distribution of the emitted secondary electrons, are discussed.
Processing and Properties of Advanced high strength steel sheets

Abstract To reduce the emissions of CO2, weight reduction of cars is required. One promising solution is the application of high strength steel sheets. For the widespread use of high strength steel sheets, the required formability must be achieved. In this paper, the processing and properties of advanced high strength steels produced by sophisticated control of transformation including precipitation are discussed such as dent resistant deep drawing steel sheets, high burring steel sheets, ultrafine grained steel sheets and TRIP type steel sheets are discussed. On doit réduire le poids des autos pour réduire les émissions de CO2. Une solution prometteuse dans ce sens serait l’utilisation de tôles d’acier à haute résistance. Pour étendre l’usage de ces tôles d’acier à haute résistance, on doit atteindre la formabilité requise. Dans ce document, on discute du traitement et des propriétés des aciers à haute performance et à haute résistance qui sont produits par contrôle sophistiqué de la transformation, incluant la précipitation. Ces aciers incluent les tôles d’emboutissage résistantes à l’indentation, les tôles d’acier de soyage, les tôles d’acier à grains ultra fins ainsi que les tôles d’acier de type TRIP1.
New Supramolecular Assemblies of a Cyclodextrin-Grafted Chitosan through Specific Complexation

New supramolecular assemblies based on a chitosan bearing pendant cyclodextrins were prepared. For this purpose, adamantyl groups which can selectively be included in the cyclodextrin cavity were grafted on chitosan and various poly(ethylene glycol)s (Mn = 3400, 6000, 20000) affording guest macromolecules with different structural features. The specific interaction of the latter with CD−chitosan through inclusion complex formation was examined by rheological measurements. Physical cross-linking between CD−chitosan chains was shown to occur, leading to large increase of the viscosity or gellike behavior, depending on the guest.
Necesidades de formación psicopedagógica de los profesores de la E.S.O. ante el fracaso escolar

El estudio analiza en profundidad como incide la afectividad del profesor en su sistema de creencias y, por ende, en su comportamiento didactico respecto a los alumnos que considera con dificultades de aprendizaje en su materia. El concepto de "fracaso escolar" es muy amplio, por ello conviene senalar que la autora no se propone abordarlo en toda su extension, sino que lo circunscribe exclusivamente a aquellos alumnos que el profesor percibe que son de capacidad "normal" pero rinden por debajo de estas capacidades. En consecuencia, fracasan en su asignatura. La autora trata esta tematica desde un planteamiento que integra los diversos paradigmas de investigacion educativa y que se concreta en dos partes complementarias: un estudio etnografico y un estudio cuantitativo. Las conclusiones aportan por una parte, un modelo teorico para el analisis de la influencia de los aspectos afectivos en las creencias del profesor; y, por otra parte, de cara al diseno de planes de estudio de formacion de profesores (inicial y en ejercicio), senala la pertinencia de incorporar talleres de desarrollo personal que ayuden al profesor a manejar estos aspectos que tanto inciden en su ensenanza.
The Effects of Surface Chemical Interactions on the Properties of Filler-Reinforced Rubbers

Abstract 1. Heat treatment of carbon black-rubber mixtures is a method of “in process” polymer grafting which gives a definite improvement in the dynamic properties of vulcanizates. 2. The heat treatment process can be more effective if chemical promoters are used. These chemical promoters function as coupling agents between filler surface and rubber. 3. With very unreactive butyl rubber an effective interaction is produced both by the addition of chemical promoters and by the use of specially active surface-modified carbon black. 4. In normal unsaturated rubbers, surface modifications of carbon black with a wide variety of groups has shown only minimal effects on rubber-reinforcing ability. Halogenated blacks have a pronounced effect on vulcanization kinetics, giving cured vulcanizates of high crosslink density. 5. Carbon black surfaces can be deactivated by calcining at high temperatures. The loss of surface-bound hydrogen may not account for this loss in surface activity. 6. Grafting of polymers to the.