Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reform of financing healthcare services in the GCC: focus on establishing health insurance system in KSA

This paper reviews healthcare systems and their financing in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and how they provide healthcare to the growing number of expatriates in the region. The paper focuses on the health system reform in Saudi Arabia as it is establishing a National Health Insurance system. The goal of this policy change is to increase the participation of the private sector in the health care market and decrease the cost of providing healthcare services on the government. It is also expected to have a positive effect on access to healthcare, effectiveness, efficiency, cost, quality of care, adaptation of new technology and utilization of healthcare services. We review the existing literature that covers health system problems and the new health system reform in Saudi Arabia. We also give a description of healthcare provided for expatriates in the GCC and Saudi Arabia as they form a significant percentage of the population. In addition, we conduct interviews with health professionals and managers in Saudi Arabia to get their insight on the new health system reform and how it will effect healthcare provision for the Saudi population. The public health relevance of this topic: health system reforms are intended to bring out better health outcomes for the populations. As Saudi Arabia is embarking on this change it will be insightful to see if it will bring out the desired effects. Also, providing healthcare for expatriates is a challenge in many countries, if Saudi Arabia succeeds in providing quality healthcare to this segment of the population, other countries could follow the Saudi model.
MANAGEMENT OF ANTIDEPRESSANT INDUCED SIDE EFFECTS.

Bhavya K Bairy 1 and Laxminarayana K Bairy 2 . 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore-560029, Karnataka, India. 2. Associate dean and Chairperson Pharmacology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences, Ras Khaimah, P.O. Box 11172. United Arab Emirates. Manuscript Info Abstract .
Regulation of the tumour suppressor PP2A by oncogenic tyrosine kinases

xi Acknowledgments xiv Publications xvi Abbreviations xviii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 BCR/ABL 2 1.2. 1 Clinical presentation of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) 2 1.2. 2 The Philadelphia chromosome 4 1.2. 3 Overview of signalling pathways 6 1.2. 3.1 Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) 6
Gestión de contenidos digitales interactivos

Almost all projects are planned and implemented in a social, economic and environmental context and have desired and/or undesired positive and negative impacts. The project team must consider the project in the context of its cultural, social, international, political and physical environment. The team has to understand how the project affects people and how people affect the project. This may require an understanding of the economic, demographic, educational, ethical, ethnic, religious, and other characteristics of the people affected by the project or who may have an interest in the project. The project manager should also examine the culture of the organization and determine whether it is recognized that project management plays a valid role with responsibility and authority to manage the project. Some team members may need to be familiar with applicable international, national, regional and local laws and customs, as well as the political climate that could affect the project. Other international factors to consider are time zone differences, national and regional holidays, travel requirements for face-to-face meetings, and teleconference logistics. This project examines how to manage interactive digital content and the most appropriate technology for it.
EFFECTS OF MU OPIOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS ON INTRACRANIAL SELF-STIMULATION IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF “PAIN” IN RATS

viii CHAPTER ONE: Introduction and Background . 1 1.1. Opioid background . 1 1.2. Opioid receptors: subtypes / signaling / mechanism of action . 4 1.3. Pain: significance, neurobiology, and animal models of pain . 12 1.4. Intracranial self-stimulation and opioids . 21 1.5. Introduction to data chapters . 23
Do Babies Matter? The Effect of Family Formation on the Lifelong Careers of Academic Men and Women.

When I first became the Dean of the Graduate Division at Berkeley last year, I had an extraordinary experience. Fifty-one percent of the 2,500 new graduate students whom I welcomed were women. Thirty-five years ago that number would have been closer to 10%. The students I welcomed included not only doctoral students, but also graduate students seeking professional degrees in law, public health, social welfare, optometry, etc. On the Berkeley campus there is no medical school, but if there were, women would be close to the majority in that profession as well.
Mechanisms and Dynamics of Mineral Dissolution: A New Kinetic Monte Carlo Model

Mineral dissolution is a fundamental process in geochemistry and materials science. It is controlled by the complex interplay of atomic level mechanisms like adatoms and terraces removal, pit opening, and spontaneous vacancy creation that can be gradually activated at different energies. Though the development of a comprehensive atomistic model is key to go deeper into the understanding of this phenomenon, existing models have failed to reproduce the abrupt dependence of the dissolution rate with the Gibbs free energy ( ΔG ). Herein, a new atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model is presented, which, invoking the microscopic reversibility of chemical reactions, captures the experimentally observed sigmoid dependence of the dissolution rate and provides new insights on the concomitant dissolution mechanisms. As a salient result, the model predicts the possible existence of unreported close‐to‐equilibrium dissolution modes where spontaneous vacancies creation and pit opening can occur before adatom and terrace removal.
Scanning Single Shot Detector for Math in Document Images

Scanning Single Shot Detector for Math in Document Images Parag Shrikrishna Mali, M.S. Rochester Institute of Technology, 2019 Supervisor: Dr. Richard Zanibbi We introduce the Scanning Single Shot Detector (ScanSSD) for detecting both embedded and displayed math expressions in document images using a single-stage network that does not require page layout, font, or, character information. ScanSSD uses sliding windows to generate sub-images of large document page images rendered at 600 dpi and applies Single Shot Detector (SSD) on each sub-image. Detection results from sub-images are pooled to generate page-level results. For pooling sub-image level detections, we introduce new methods based on the confidence scores and density of detections. ScanSSD is a modular architecture that can be easily applied to detecting other objects in document images.
The use of pulsed radiofrequency in the management of chronic lumbosacral radicular pain

Lumbosacral radicular pain is characterized by a radiating pain in one or more lumbar or sacral dermatomes; it may or may not be accompanied by other radicular irritation symptoms and/or symptoms of decreased function. The annual prevalence in the general population, described as low back pain with leg pain traveling below the knee, varied from 9.9% to 25%, which means that it is presumably the most commonly occurring form of neuropathic pain. The patient’s history may give a suggestion of lumbosacral radicular pain. The best known clinical investigation is the straight leg raising test. Final diagnosis is made based on a combination of clinical examination and potentially additional tests. Medical imaging studies are indicated to exclude possible serious pathologies and to confirm the affected level in patients suffering lumbosacral radicular pain for longer than 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging is preferred. Selective diagnostic blocks help confirming the affected level. There is controversy concerning the effectiveness of conservative management (physical therapy, exercise) and pharmacological treatment. When conservative treatment fails, in sub-acute lumbosacral radicular pain under the level L3 as the result of a contained herniation, transforaminal corticosteroid administration is recommended (2 B+). In chronic lumbosacral radicular pain, PRF treatment adjacent to the spinal ganglion (DRG) can be considered (2 C+). For refractory lumbosacral radicular pain, adhesiolysis and epiduroscopy can be considered (2 B±), preferentially study related. In patients with a therapy-resistant radicular pain in the context of a Failed Back Surgery Syndrome, spinal cord stimulation is recommended (2 A+). This treatment should be performed in specialized centres.
Testing Prayer: Science and Healing

When sickness strikes, people around the world pray for healing. Many of the faithful claim that prayer has cured them of blindness, deafness, and metastasized cancers, and some believe they have been resurrected from the dead. Can, and should, science test such claims? A number of scientists say no, concerned that empirical studies of prayer will be misused to advance religious agendas. And some religious practitioners agree with this restraint, worrying that scientific testing could undermine faith. In Candy Gunther Brown's view, science cannot prove prayer's healing power, but what scientists can and should do is study prayer's measurable effects on health. If prayer produces benefits, even indirectly (and findings suggest that it does), then more careful attention to prayer practices could impact global health, particularly in places without access to conventional medicine. Drawing on data from Pentecostal and Charismatic Christians, Brown reverses a number of stereotypes about believers in faith-healing. Among them is the idea that poorer, less educated people are more likely to believe in the healing power of prayer and therefore less likely to see doctors. Brown finds instead that people across socioeconomic backgrounds use prayer alongside conventional medicine rather than as a substitute. Dissecting medical records from before and after prayer, surveys of prayer recipients, prospective clinical trials, and multiyear follow-up observations and interviews, she shows that the widespread perception of prayer's healing power has demonstrable social effects, and that in some cases those effects produce improvements in health that can be scientifically verified.
Travelers’ parasocial interactions in online travel communities

ABSTRACT This study explores whether, through parasocial interaction (PSI), trust in other travel community users drives travelers’ satisfaction with those communities as well as their travel experiences. It further examines the moderating effect of the quantity of contact with the communities. A total of 334 responses from travel community users were collected in South Korea. The results suggest all trust dimensions (competence, benevolence, and honesty) are significant in developing PSI, predicting community satisfaction and travel satisfaction, while quantity of contact has a positive moderating effect only on the relationship between PSI and travel satisfaction. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.
Political Representation in the Later Middle Ages: Marsilius in Context

This book explores the theory of political representation as articulated by the fourteenth-century Italian thinker, Marsilius. It combines historical research on Marsilius with an analysis of the contemporary theory of representative democracy. Modern theorization of political representation identifies the relation between the represented and the representative as a central theme. In order to assess how a representative system can reasonably be expected to operate for the benefit of the whole people, political representation must be understood through a comprehensive conception of the political process as a whole. To this end, Marsilius provides us with a perspective from which to examine the philosophical foundations of political representation and to reconsider the nature and significance of political representation - that is, an understanding of political representation in terms of the transfer of power. This book suggests that in modern democratic societies where the people effectively cease to be a political agent and their formal authority becomes increasingly notional, Marsilius' conception of political representation, which rejects the depoliticisation and deauthorisation of ordinary citizens, has much to offer. It can, in principle, offer a coherent alternative approach to building political representation as an effective scheme of public action for all.
Optimal Power Flow Problem Solution Based on Hybrid Firefly Krill Herd Method

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is one of the most important and widely studied nonlinear optimization problems in power system operation. This study presents the implementation of a new technology based on the hybrid Firefly and krill herd method (FKH), which has been provided and used for OPF problems in power systems. In FKH, an improved formulation of the attractiveness and adjustment of light intensity operator initially employed in FA, named attractiveness and light intensity the update operator (ALIU), is inserted into the KH approach as a local search perform. The FKH is prove with the solving of the OPF problem for various types of single-objective and multi-objective functions such as generation cost, reduced emission, active power losses and voltage deviation which are optimized simultaneously on exam system, viz the IEEE-30 Bus test system, which is used to test and confirm the efficiency of the proposed FKH technique. By comparing with several optimization techniques, the results produced by using the recommended FKH technique are provided in detail. The results obtained in this study appear that the FKH technique can be efficiency used to solve the non-linear and non-convex problems and high performance compared with other optimization methods in the literature. This study can achieve a minimum objective by finding the optimum setting for system control variables.
Child Safety: Problem and Prevention from Pre-School to Adolescence: A Handbook for Professionals

Child safety is everybody's concern, but much professional activity is misinformed or based on a misrepresentation of the facts, and preventative action is rarely adequately evaluated. Written and edited by leading researchers with an active role in social policy, this new book challenges both our understanding of the problem of child safety and points to the impotence of "educational" approaches based on "knowledge enhancement". The strong message is that improving children's knowledge has little or no effect on their behaviour. From the physical abuse of young children to drug abuse in adolescence, this book presents a radical new perspective on a key social issue.
Mortalidad en el paciente críticamente enfermo con obesidad

Este articulo puede ser consultado en version completa en http://www.medigraphic. com/medicinacritica RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la mortalidad de los pacientes criticamente enfermos con obesidad. Material y metodos: Realizamos un estudio prospectivo, observacional, comparativo y analitico del 1 de abril del 2013 al 31 de marzo del 2014. Resultados: Se incluyo un total de 123 pacientes. Los pacientes con peso bajo fueron 2.5%, peso normal 19.5%, sobrepeso 37.4% y obesidad 40.6%. Requirieron ventilacion mecanica 80% con obesidad, 65.2% con sobrepeso, 54.1% con peso normal y 66.6% con peso bajo (OR = 2.49, p = 0.03). El promedio de dias en la UCI en los pacientes con obesidad fue de 8.5 ± 6.5, con sobrepeso 6.4 ± 5.5, con peso normal 5.8 ± 4 y con bajo peso 6.7 ± 5.7. La mortalidad en la UCI con bajo peso fue de 33.3%, con obesidad 28%, peso normal 20.8% y sobrepeso 15.2% (OR = 1.64, p = 0.25). La sobrevida al dia 30 en peso normal fue 70.8%, sobrepeso 67.3%, bajo peso 66.6% y obesidad 60% (OR = 0.69, p = 0.33). Los pacientes con sepsis fueron 54% en obesidad, 32.6% en sobrepeso, 33.3% en peso normal y 33.3% en bajo peso (OR = 2.4, p = 0.01). Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio no encontro diferencia signifi cativa en la mortalidad en pacientes obesos y no obesos tanto en la UCI como a los 30 dias. Palabras clave: UCI, obesidad, mortalidad, ventilacion mecanica. SUMMARY Objective: To determine the mortality of critically ill patients with obesity. Material and methods: A prospective, observational, comparative and analytical study of the April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014. Results: A total of 123 patients were included. Patients with low weight 2.5%, normal weight 19.5%, overweight 37.4% and obese 40.6%. Required mechanical ventilation with obesity 80%, overweight 65.2%, normal weight 54.1% and low weight 66.6% (OR = 2.49, p = 0.03). The average number of days in ICU in patients with obesity 8.5 ± 6.5, overweight 6.4 ± 5.5, normal weight 5.8 ± 4 and low weight 6.7 ± 5.7. The ICU mortality in low weight 33.3%, obese 28%, normal weight 20.8% and overweight 15.2% (OR = 1.64, p = 0.25). Survival to day 30 in normal weight 70.8%, overweight 67.3%, low weight 66.6% and obese 60% (OR = 0.69, p = 0.33). Patients with sepsis were 54% in obese, overweight 32.6%, normal weight 33.3%, and in low weight 33.3% (OR = 2.4, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our study found no signifi cant difference in mortality in obese and non-obese patients in both the ICU and 30 days.
Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of the 1970 State Abortion Reforms

This study uses the 1970 state abortion reforms to estimate the effect of teen and out-of-wedlock childbearing on the schooling and labor market outcomes of mothers observed in 1980 and 1990 Census microdata. Reduced-form estimates suggest that state abortion reforms had a negative impact on teen marriage, teen fertility, and teen out- of-wedlock childbearing. The teen marriage effects are largest and most precisely estimated for white women while the teen fertility and out-of-wedlock childbearing effects are largest and most precisely estimated for black women. The relatively modest fertility and marriage consequences of abortion reform for white women do not appear to have changed schooling or labor market outcomes. In contrast, black women who were exposed to abortion reforms experienced large reductions in teen fertility and teen out-of-wedlock fertility that appear to have led to increased schooling and employment rates. Instrumental variables estimates of the effects of teen and out-of- wedlock childbearing on the schooling and employment status of black women, using measures of exposure to abortion reform as instruments, are marginally significant and larger than the corresponding OLS estimates.
Managing the Commons: Indigenous Rights, Economic Development and Identity.

In this volume on Indigenous Rights, Economic Development, and Identity, Caddy focuses on the Maya of Belize and concludes that without a unified voice, the Mayan peoples have lost ground in defending their common property and Indigenous knowledge. In her article, P. Smith examines how Indigenous rights are not a stationary concept describing the past but rather must be jointly developed over time by Indigenous peoples themselves working with governance regimes at multiple levels. Finally, Gibson asks whether the international law that has evolved related to intellectual property rights can be used to protect Indigenous knowledge as well as Indigenous property rights. Her answer is ? no,? and she proposes a new organization within the UN to work on protecting Indigenous rights. In her concluding analysis, P. Smith reviews several viewing points for examining Indigenous rights and urges IASCP to continue the dialogue between common-property scholars and Indigenous peoples that blossomed at the Oaxaca meetings.
The analysis of distribution of cattle fascioliasis in Tyumen oblast

Fasciolosis of cattle leads to significant economic losses in agriculture. This paper reports results of studying of the prevalence of cattle fascioliasis on the Tyumen region depending on natural subzones and climatic conditions in the period from 2004 to 2014. The influence of such parameters as the hydrothermal coefficient, the sum of precipitation and average temperatures during the years of the study (for May, June, July) are analyzed. Coprological studies (n 7838) were conducted by the methods of sequential washing and ether-acetic sedimentation to determine the prevalence of fasciolae in cattle. During the study period, the fascioliasis prevalence decreased from 15.97% in 2004 to 2.19% in 2014. The prevalence rate (PR) was 4.76 ± 1.42% in the forest-steppe subarea, 4.89 ± 2.04% in the northern forest-steppe, and 5.63 ± 3.0% in small-leaved aspen-birch forests. Increasing of the prevalence of the cattle fascioliasis was registered along the south-north gradient, from the subzone of the southern forest-steppe (PR 10.14%) to small-leaved aspen-birch forests (PR 22.22%) only in 2004. Decreasing of the prevalence of the cattle fascioliasis from 2004 to 2014 is associated with the dehelminthization of animals. From 2004 to 2010, the correlation coefficient between the fascioliasis prevalence in cattle and the hydrothermal coefficient, the sum of precipitation and average monthly temperatures was 0.49 (P = 0.91), 0.10 (P = 0.83), 0.76 (P = 0.05), respectively. The received data show the expressed positive connection of the fascioliasis prevalence and the sum of average temperatures for the period of 2004-2010. An analysis of the impact of climatic conditions on the fascioliasis prevalence in cattle should be considered considering the type and direction of antiparasitic measures in the farms.
Land Use Transition and Its Influencing Factors in Poverty-Stricken Mountainous Areas of Sangzhi County, China

Previous studies have rarely revealed the characteristics and influencing factors of land use transformation (LUT) in poverty-stricken areas, where multiple actions of cultivated land protection are undertaken. The land use conversion matrix and Spatial Durbin Model were used to analyze the characteristics and influence factors of LUT based on remote sensing interpretation data of Sangzhi County in 2010, 2015, and 2018. The results demonstrate the following: (1) From 2010–2018, cultivated land, forest land, waters, and urban and rural construction land in Sangzhi County increased by 4.91%, 0.03%, 58.99%, and 55.63%, respectively, and grassland decreased by 13.32%. (2) Terrain, territorial, and traffic conditions were common influence factors of the land use type conversion (i.e., forest land to cultivated land, grassland to forest land, cultivated land to forest land, grassland to cultivated land, and cultivated land to urban and rural construction land). The conversion of land use type has a negative effect on the land use type conversion of adjacent townships. Territorial and traffic conditions affect the land use type conversion of adjacent townships. The results illuminate LUT at the township scale in mountainous areas and are beneficial to promoting the sustainable use of land resources and poverty alleviation.