Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Davidite-Loveringite in Early Proterozoic Albite Felsite in Finnmark, North Norway

T H E Biggejavri davidite-loveringite occurrence is situated within the Kautokeino volcano sedimentary belt of early Proterozoic age in Norway's northernmost county, Finnmark. This belt is dominated by basic volcanic rocks, but also includes two thick formations of sandstone and quartzite (Siedlecka et al., 1985). Both continental rifting (Torske, 1978; Witschard, 1980) and ensialic back-arc basin situations (Pharaoh and Pearce, 1984) have been suggested as depositional environments for the supracrustals. The rocks were deformed by the Sveco-Karelian Orogeny and metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies. The Biggejavri mineralization (Olerud, 1985) consists of a uranium, scandium and rare-earthbearing albite felsite found near the top of the tholeiitic basalt sequence of the Suoluvuobmi Formation (Solli, 1983), which is one of the lower units of the Kautokeino volcano-sedimentary belt. The volcanites are succeeded by schists of the same formation. Field evidence shows that the emplacement of albite felsite was probably pre-deformational, and detailed and regional mapping indicate a stratabound character for the rock. A slightly radioactive granular albite felsite also occurs as post tectonic dykes. The origin of the albite felsite is currently under study. The radioactive albite felsite is medium to fine grained and consists of more than 90~ albite. The rock also contains a Crand V-rich variety of davidite-loveringite, calcite, quartz, muscovite, chromite and rutile. Accessories are La-Ce carbonates, monazite, orthite, thortveitite, coffinite, uranophane, brannerite, zircon, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, Cr-rich chlorite and an unidentified REE mineral. Whole-rock analyses of this unusual rock are given in Table 1. The content of scandium, and perhaps also the rare earth elements, is of possible economic interest, and a pilot project to produce scandium and other metals from a mineral concentrate is in progress. Davidite and loveringite are members of the crichtonite mineral series with the general formula AM2aO38. The different minerals of this series are defined by a principal large cation occupying the A position in the formula, e.g. Sr(crichtonite), Pb(senaite), U-REE(davidite), Na(landauite), Ba(lindsleyite), K(mathiasite) and Ca(loveringite) (Grey et al., 1976; Grey and Lloyd, 1976; Gatehouse et al., 1978; Grey and Gatehouse, 1978; Haggerty et al., 1983). In the general formula for davidite, A represents the large cations REE, U, Ca, Y, Sr, Th, Pb, and M the small cations Ti, Fe, Mg, Cr, A1 and Sc. In loveringite the A cations are Ca, REE, Y, Th, U and Pb, while the M cations are Ti, Fe, Cr, Mg, Zr, A1, V and Mn. The relationship between loveringite and davidite is based on the ratio of Ca : (U+REE) in the A site. This ratio must be gi'eater than 1.0 for classification as loveringite (Gatehouse et al., 1978).
The Eraser Pen: A New Interaction Paradigm for Curve Sketching in 3D

In this paper we present a new interaction technique for curve sketching in 3D which integrates the two tasks of creating and editing into one paradigm: the 3D-eraser pen. The eraser pen allows drawing and deleting curves in 3D without mode switching just by changing the direction of the hand movement. In that way we have combined the creation and deletion process, rewriting the pencil and rubber metaphor in just one tool. The aim is to support the user to create the intended shape from the beginning.As a proof-of-concept we have developed our concept in a semi-immersive virtual environment for 3D-curve sketching in free space.
GUIDELINES FOR EXCIMER LASER REFRACTIVE SURGERY ON CORNEA

Refractive surgery has undergone an extraordinary growth in recent decades, both in technical sophistication and in its popularity among patients. The goal of this work is to present current concepts on corneal Excimer laser refractive surgery. The authors, based on a comprehensive review of the literature and on their own experience, discuss practical topics regarding patient selection and evaluation, procedure choice, different aspects of surgical technique, and post-operative follow-up recommendations. The discussion is focused on the two most popular Excimer procedures: LASIK and PRK. Clinical good conduct regarding patient evaluation is reviewed, focusing on appropriate patient selection and on rigorous assessment of the patient’s pre-operative status. Contra-indications, absolute and relative, as well as specific advantages of both procedures are discussed. Optimal maximum attempted correction values are proposed. The importance of rigorous screening for post-operative ectasia at-risk patients is acknowledged. New advances in screening devices and concepts are discussed. Long-term follow-up of patients is essential for outcome analysis and improvement: practical guidance is suggested and long-term results available are reviewed.
Studies on Refrigerated Storage of Minimally Processed Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Experiments were conducted in completely randomized design in order to assess the shelf-life and quality of minimally processed papaya stored under refrigerated condition (5 + 1 0 C and 95% RH). Before minimal processing, the semi riped whole papaya was divided into two lots: control (untreated) and mild heat pretreated. The mild heat pretreatment (MHPT) of 45 0 C constant temperature for different exposure time (15, 30 and 45 minutes) was given to whole papaya followed by 24 hrs conditioning in cold room (1 0 C and 95% RH). The minimally processed papaya samples were then dipped in 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 seconds followed by 6hrs dipping in 4.0 % calcium hydroxide solution. Both the untreated and mild heat pretreated samples were packed in four different packaging materials i.e polyethylene film (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), cling film and open tray after wiping the excess water from the surface of fruits. The stored samples were examined for its quality attributes i.e Physical loss in weight (PLW), color, texture (firmness), acidity, TSS and overall acceptability (%) at regular intervals. The results revealed that the packaging material and MHPT exposure time significantly affected the quality attributes. The 30 minutes as well as 45 minutes MHPT exposed samples when packed in LDPE witnessed minor change in color, texture, acidity and better retention of quality in terms of overall acceptability. Overall, the minimally processed papaya when MHPT for 45 minutes and packed in LDPE can be stored safely for 8 days under refrigerated condition.
Using Distribution Uniformity to Evaluate the Quality of a Sprinkler System

As demand upon urban water resources continues to increase, more attention has been focused upon landscape irrigation. The expectation is that automatic sprinkler systems will save water, but the reality seems that they use even more water. The possibility to save water exists if the sprinkler system is well managed, but overall irrigation efficiency cannot be better than the sprinkler system. The Irrigation Association offers the Certified Landscape Irrigation Auditor program that includes taking the auditor training class and passing an exam. As part of this class, students learn a standardized method to evaluate how well a system performs including how much water is applied in a given time frame as well as how evenly the water is applied. By using catch cans to perform an irrigation audit, the data collected can provide an indication on the quality of the sprinkler system that reflects the quality of the components, design, installation and long-term maintenance of the system. The lower quarter distribution uniformity is often used as the basis to judge the quality of the system. Current IA Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices (February 2004) state that fixed spray heads should have a minimum lower quarter distribution uniformity of 55% and rotors should have a minimum DU of 70%.
The effect of institutional development on the growth of Brazilian firms

This article focuses on the determinants of firm's growth in Brazil. In particular it investigates the individual characteristics of firm that determine its growth; how institutional development affects firm's performance, and how institutional development differently affects small and large firms. We find that, consistently with the learning models, growth is decreasing on age and negatively correlated to size. As expected, firms that belong to an economic group, export and maintain operations abroad grow faster. Growth is negatively correlated to profitability. Furthermore, we observe that shortcomings in institutional development, when measured in terms of corruption, inefficiency of the judicial system and lack of financial development, have a negative impact on firms' growth. This negative impact of corruption and inefficiency of the judicial system is stronger for smaller firms. Large firms benefit the most with financial development. Overall our results indicate that improvement in institutions can be an important mechanism to promote growth. Furthermore, institutional underdevelopment has the perverse effect of promoting concentration.
Agroindustrialization as a strategy of social reproduction of the family farm

The article discusses the process of agroindustrialization of the family agroindustry production in northern gaucho with focus on Medium High Uruguay territory in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The aim is to discuss the so-called family farm in this place from its historical process of emergence and establishment, potentialities and current problems such as legislation, production of raw material, income generation, produced products etc. The study concludes that the family agroindustry constitutes an important strategy of social reproduction and rural development as it is responsible for the settlement of families in the field, the diversification of productive activities in rural properties, families’ income generation among other roles.
A Review of Interventions to Recruit and Retain ICT Students

Abstract —This article reviews and analyses the educational research literature on interventions to I.increase the recruitment and retention of information and communications technology (ICT) students. The results show that three changes in computing pedagogy characterize successful interventions, and consequently offer promising ways to attract and prepare more people for careers in ICT. The most important selection criterion considered when choosing papers to review was that interventions had been tested in practice and their effectiveness measured. Interventions were arranged into two groups: recruitment and retention. Recruitment interventions described initiatives to motivate interest in computing among secondary schools students, whereas retention interventions described efforts to retain students in ICT majors at universities. The three pedagogical approaches that emerged from an analysis of the successful interventions were: (1) visual programming environments to teach introductory programming, (2) inquiry learning activities to engage students in computing, and (3) integration of interdisciplinary knowledge to attract students from diverse disciplines. This review draws attention to innovative teaching practices currently shaping computer science education. Wider adoption of these pedagogical strategies has the potential to significantly increase the number of qualified ICT professionals.
Fighting Boredom in Recommender Systems with Linear Reinforcement Learning

A common assumption in recommender systems (RS) is the existence of a best fixed recommendation strategy. Such strategy may be simple and work at the item level (e.g., in multi-armed bandit it is assumed one best fixed arm/item exists) or implement more sophisticated RS (e.g., the objective of A/B testing is to find the best fixed RS and execute it thereafter). We argue that this assumption is rarely verified in practice, as the recommendation process itself may impact the user’s preferences. For instance, a user may get bored by a strategy, while she may gain interest again, if enough time passed since the last time that strategy was used. In this case, a better approach consists in alternating different solutions at the right frequency to fully exploit their potential. In this paper, we first cast the problem as a Markov decision process, where the rewards are a linear function of the recent history of actions, and we show that a policy considering the long-term influence of the recommendations may outperform both fixed-action and contextual greedy policies. We then introduce an extension of the UCRL algorithm ( L IN UCRL ) to effectively balance exploration and exploitation in an unknown environment, and we derive a regret bound that is independent of the number of states. Finally, we empirically validate the model assumptions and the algorithm in a number of realistic scenarios.
Exploring Carbon Nanotubes/BaTiO3/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites as Microwave Absorbers

This work was supported in part by FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES-610875 NAmiceMC, FP7 Twinning Grant Inconet EaP 004. P. Kuzhir is thankful for support by Tomsk State University Competitiveness Improvement Program. Lab-STICC is UMR CNRS 6285.
Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in Thais.

Background: Active and passive smoking during pregnancy is harmful to mothers, fetuses, infants, and small children. Effective anti-smoking campaigns in Thailand and compliance to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control may explain the low prevalence of smoking (active and passive) in Thai pregnant women. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of Thai pregnant smokers (active and passive) and their profiles. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008. Two thousand Thai pregnant women aged 18 and older visiting health facilities in five regions were recruited. A structured interview form was used to gather data following an ethics committee review. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Result: Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy was 1.4%. Among the 98.7% non-smokers, 93.0% had never smoked and 5.7% were former smokers. Fifty six point one percent of the pregnant non-smokers were exposed passively to tobacco smoke at home. The main risks for exposure were husbands (44.5%) and fathers (20.6%) who smoked while inside the house. Conclusion: Educational efforts have been effective but need to continue in order to reduce the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy further and prevent environmental tobacco smoke.
An extension of the Hausdorff-Toeplitz theorem on the numerical range

Soit H n l'ensemble de toutes les matrices hermitiennes n×n et Un l'ensemble de toutes les matrices unitaires n×n. On definit W(A,A,A) pout tout C=(C 1 ,…C n )∈R n et A 1 ,A 2 ,A 3 ∈H. On demontre que si n>2, alors W c (A 1 ,A 2 ,A 3 ) est toujours convexe
A probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for Indonesia

Abstract. Probabilistic hazard assessments are a fundamental tool for assessing the threats posed by hazards to communities and are important for underpinning evidence-based decision-making regarding risk mitigation activities. Indonesia has been the focus of intense tsunami risk mitigation efforts following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, but this has been largely concentrated on the Sunda Arc with little attention to other tsunami prone areas of the country such as eastern Indonesia. We present the first nationally consistent probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) for Indonesia. This assessment produces time-independent forecasts of tsunami hazards at the coast using data from tsunami generated by local, regional and distant earthquake sources. The methodology is based on the established monte carlo approach to probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) and has been adapted to tsunami. We account for sources of epistemic and aleatory uncertainty in the analysis through the use of logic trees and sampling probability density functions. For short return periods (100 years) the highest tsunami hazard is the west coast of Sumatra, south coast of Java and the north coast of Papua. For longer return periods (500–2500 years), the tsunami hazard is highest along the Sunda Arc, reflecting the larger maximum magnitudes. The annual probability of experiencing a tsunami with a height of > 0.5 m at the coast is greater than 10% for Sumatra, Java, the Sunda islands (Bali, Lombok, Flores, Sumba) and north Papua. The annual probability of experiencing a tsunami with a height of > 3.0 m, which would cause significant inundation and fatalities, is 1–10% in Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok and north Papua, and 0.1–1% for north Sulawesi, Seram and Flores. The results of this national-scale hazard assessment provide evidence for disaster managers to prioritise regions for risk mitigation activities and/or more detailed hazard or risk assessment.
Lessons Learned About Distributed Software Team Collaboration

This experience report summarizes the conduct and outcomes of a practicum project [1] completed under the auspices of the Oregon Master of Software Engineering (OMSE) Program at Portland State University completed during the winter and spring of 2010. Software engineers and learners are increasingly working in teams that are widely dispersed, often globally. Operating in distributed teams significantly increases the complexity of already complex software engineering tasks. Challenges amplified because of team distribution include resolving timezone and cultural differences, addressing the need to become familiar with the tools and the human processes being used, and dealing with conflict within and across teams. This paper describes a practicum project conducted in a hybrid learning mode that studied one particular aspect - namely, the problems and properties of distributed collaboration processes used by software engineering teams. The overall goal of this practicum project was to provide advice and guidance to distributed software teams, and to offer suggestions for further work in this field. The primary objective was to identify, specify and evaluate selected software engineering processes adapted to support collaborative software teams. The project was aimed explicitly at processes over tools - the software tools being the means rather than the ends for learning about such team collaboration. The OMSE students conducting this practicum project leveraged their industry experience and the software engineering principles and processes they had studied in the OMSE program. They progressively evolved a practical framework for defining and evaluating a specific core group of distributed software collaboration processes. The ultimate outcome of this practicum project was that the students learned a number of critical lessons about how various distributed team processes and tools fit with the challenges of collaborating in teams. The students also confirmed that when working in a distributed team, be that as a practicing software engineer or part of a group learning exercise, the types of processes and tools that they use day-to-day are virtually the same. The practicum project described in this paper is an example of how software engineering practice informs learning as well as how software engineering education informs practice.
Engineering Student Motivation and Perceived Metacognition in Learning Communities

The effect of living-learning communities on students’ motivation in engineering and their perceived use of metacognitive strategies were evaluated for first year engineering students using quantitative methods. There were two living-learning communities studied: an honors community and a science and engineering community. Students in both communities were enrolled in specific sections of an introductory engineering course designated for them. Students were surveyed at the beginning and end of their first semester on campus while enrolled in the course. The survey used was assessed for construct validity using a series of factor analyses. There were several distinctions between the motivational profiles of students’ based on course section type (honors community, science and engineering community, and non-restricted sections of the course). The honors community seems to be attracting their targeted group of students, as students with higher mastery orientation and higher perceptions of their knowledge of cognition. Students in the science and engineering community were not significantly different than those in the non-restricted sections of the course at the beginning of the semester, but did have higher expectancies of success in their engineering course at the end of the semester.
Vegetation Index-Deduced Crop Coefficient of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Using Remote Sensing: Case Study on Four Basins of Golestan Province, Iran

Crop coefficient (Kc) is an important factor contributing to estimation of evapotranspiration, and is also used to determine the irrigation schedule. This study investigated and determined the monthly Kc of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using five vegetation indices (VIs): Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Difference Vegetation Index (DVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index (IPVI), and Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) of four basins in Golestan province, Iran. 14 Landsat-8 images according to crop growth stage were used to estimate monthly Kc of wheat. VIs were calculated based on infrared and near infrared bands of Landsat 8 images using Geographical Information System (GIS) software. The best VIs were chosen after establishing a regression relationship among these VIs with FAO Kc and Kc that was modified for the study area by the previous research based on R2 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The result showed that local modified SAVI with R2= 0.767 and RMSE= 0.174 was the best index to produce monthly wheat Kc maps. Keywords—Crop coefficient, remote sensing, vegetation indices, wheat.
Clustering with feature selection using alternating minimization, Application to computational biology

This paper deals with unsupervised clustering with feature selection. The problem is to estimate both labels and a sparse projection matrix of weights. To address this combinatorial non-convex problem maintaining a strict control on the sparsity of the matrix of weights, we propose an alternating minimization of the Frobenius norm criterion. We provide a new efficient algorithm named K-sparse which alternates k-means with projection-gradient minimization. The projection-gradient step is a method of splitting type, with exact projection on the $\ell^1$ ball to promote sparsity. The convergence of the gradient-projection step is addressed, and a preliminary analysis of the alternating minimization is made. The Frobenius norm criterion converges as the number of iterates in Algorithm K-sparse goes to infinity. Experiments on Single Cell RNA sequencing datasets show that our method significantly improves the results of PCA k-means, spectral clustering, SIMLR, and Sparcl methods, and achieves a relevant selection of genes. The complexity of K-sparse is linear in the number of samples (cells), so that the method scales up to large datasets.