Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic evaluation of extracapsular vascular invasion for subcapsular nodules of the thyroid

Background Ultrasound provides a high-frequency spatial resolution. In this study, we used the combined pathological features of extrathyroid extension (ETE) measured by ultrasound to evaluate the vascular manifestations of subcapsular differentiated thyroid cancer. Our study aims to explore the value of high-frequency ultrasonography in the evaluation of extracapsular vascular invasion for the evaluation of both benign and malignant nodules and the prediction of ETE. Methods A total of 167 thyroid nodules were enrolled in this study. High-frequency ultrasonography was used to observe the relationship between the blood flow of the nodules and the capsules. The blood flow was divided into two types according to the relationship: non-extracapsular invasive blood flow and extracapsular invasive blood flow. Non-extracapsular blood flow was defined as any flow seen inside or around the nodule that did not extend beyond the thyroid gland. Extracapsular invasive blood flow was defined as any blood flow seen inside or around the nodule that flowed across the capsule and extended beyond the thyroid gland. A comparison of the different types of blood flow to judge the nature of thyroid nodules for predicting ETE was performed. Results Out of 167 nodules, 81 cases of nodules were the non-extracapsular invasive blood flow type, while the remaining 86 cases of nodules were classified as the extracapsular invasive blood flow type. Nodules with distinct types of blood flow were significantly different in malignancy rates between the nodules (P<0.001). The incidence rate of ETE was also significantly different between the malignant nodules with distinct types of blood flows. Conclusions Extracapsular vascular invasion is a good indicator for the evaluation of benign and malignant nodules. Using it as an indicator provides physicians with a potential tool for the prediction of ETE.
Counter-Radicalization Bot Research: Using Social Bots to Fight Violent Extremism

The speed of online recruitment for violent extremist organizations has challenged existing efforts to intervene with counter-radicalization, leading to global instability and violence. The U.S. government's counter-radicalization messaging enterprise may benefit from using promising emerging technology tools, particularly bots, to rapidly detect targets of such recruitment efforts and deliver counter-radicalization content to them.
Redesigning the Clinical Learning Environment to Improve Interprofessional Care and Education: Multi-Method Program Evaluation of the iPACE Pilot Unit.

Background In 2016, Maine Medical Center received an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Pursuing Excellence in Innovation grant to redesign the clinical learning environment to promote interprofessional care and education. The Interprofessional Partnership to Advance Care and Education (iPACE) model was developed and piloted on an adult inpatient medicine unit as an attempt achieve these aims. Objective We describe the iPACE model and associated outcomes. Methods Surveys and focus groups were employed as part of a multimethod pragmatic observational strategy. Team surveys included relational coordination (RC): a validated proprietary measure of interpersonal communication and relationships within teams. Pre-iPACE respondents were a representative historical sample from comparable inpatient medical units surveyed from March to April 2017. iPACE respondents were model participants surveyed March to August 2018 to allow for adequate sample size. Results Surveys were administered to pre-iPACE (N = 113, response rate 74%) and iPACE (N = 32, 54%) teams. Summary RC scores were significantly higher for iPACE respondents (iPACE 4.26 [SD 0.37] vs 3.72 [SD 0.44], P < .0001), and these respondents were also more likely to report a professionally rewarding experience (iPACE 4.4 [SD 0.6] vs 3.5 [SD 1.0], P < .0001). Learners felt the model was successful in teaching interprofessional best practices but were concerned it may hinder physician role development. Patient experience was positive. Conclusions This pilot may have a positive effect on team functioning and team member professional experience and patient experience. Learner acceptance may be improved by increasing autonomy and preserving traditional learning venues.
Application of the Business Risk Audit Model: A Field Study

After confronting unprecedented challenges in the last decade, accounting firms have undertaken extensive effort to improve the basic financial statement audit and to expand external assurance beyond the traditional audit. The re‐examination of audit methods has produced a new emphasis on assessing business and process risks in the conduct of an audit. This paper describes the fundamental changes in the audit process and examines their impact in an actual engagement. We first identify outcomes that we expect to observe in an audit based on the business risk model and then study an actual engagement to gather preliminary evidence about our expectations. The engagement used in this study is the 1997 audit of the Czech bank Cˇeskoslovenska´ Obchodni´ Banka (CˇSOB). Important observations about the new audit process included changes to the audit team structure, changes in administration and timing of the engagement, changes in the risks addressed during the audit and the evidence gathered, increased assurance.
Functional Rewiring of Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors Between Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Functional Rewiring of Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors Between Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Walters Aji Tebung, PhD Concordia University, 2016 The prediction of protein function based on the role of orthologous proteins in other species is a common practice in life sciences. While such predictions prove accurate in some cases, a growing number of structurally orthologous proteins with different roles have been reported. Functional differences among structurally orthologous transcription factors create what has been termed transcriptional rewiring. We have characterized some zinc cluster transcription factors (ZCFs) in Candida albicans (C. albicans) including Ppr1, Stb5 and Put3. We identified cases of total rewiring, partial rewiring and functional conservation (no rewiring) but with some regulatory fine-tuning between C. albicans and S. cerevisiae for the ZCFs Ppr1, Stb5 and Put3 respectively. We show that Ppr1 regulates purine catabolism in C. albicans, which is different from its role in S. cerevisiae where it regulates pyrimidine biosynthesis. We identified that Ppr1 rewired at Naumovozyma castellii in the phylogeny, and propose that Ppr1 rewiring is a result of cellular adaptations to permit growth in hypoxic conditions. In another study, we report that Stb5 has gone from regulating drug efflux pumps and glyoxylate cycle enzymes in C. albicans, to only regulating drug efflux pumps in S. cerevisiae. The glyoxylate cycle is required for C. albicans virulence, and our stb5 null mutants showed sensitivity to the echinocandin class of antifungal drugs. We therefore propose Stb5 as a potential drug target against candidiasis. Finally, we discovered that Put3 has conserved its role in regulating proline catabolism between C. albicans and S. cerevisiae. However, unlike the case of S. cerevisiae where Put3 can only activate transcription of proline catabolism genes in the absence of rich nitrogen sources, there is no equivalent restriction in C. albicans where Put3 preserves its ability to activate proline degradation even in the presence of the rich nitrogen source ammonium sulfate, thus allowing for the use of proline as a carbon source. The robust ability of C. albicans to obtain nutrients from a variety of sources adds to its efficiency as a pathogen. These studies correlate transcriptional rewiring to species requirements, where different species adapt available transcription factors to meet their specific needs.
Reciclagem de resíduos do processamento de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) visando obter hidrolisado proteico como coproduto

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) processing residues recycling to obtain protein hydrolysates as coproduct The growth in production and marketing of fish generates a considerable increase in the amount of waste. The scarcity of re-used products and incorrect disposal forms has been a constant concern of industries and researchers who seek solutions for better allocation thereof. Seeking an efficient eco company concept, proposed treatments are leading to obtaining co-products. The production of “fish meal" with the residues is the most common use for the waste, but has a low commercial value. The preparation of protein hydrolysates is presented as an alternative with higher added value. The protein cleavage performed by specific enzymes can generate biologically active peptides which exhibit functional and medicinal properties as well as antioxidant activity. The objective of this work was the preparation and characterization of protein hydrolysates of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) , the measurement of antioxidant activity of these and its relation to the size of peptides as a way to obtain and provide co-products , aimed at the sustainability of the chain production of this species. The protein hydrolyzate of tilapia (HPT) was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and employing the enzyme Neutrase (Protemax NP800), Papain (Brauzyn 100) and Pepsin at 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The degree of hydrolysis was determined using ophthaldialdehyde . In the treatment with papain (30 min, 60 min, 120 min) the degree of hydrolysis was higher than that observed with Neutrase enzyme, showing variation of 21.14% to 25.28%. The variation for treatment with pepsin (30 min, 60 min and 120 min) was 10.18% and 14.97% hydrolyzed. All samples showed antioxidant properties through inhibition of free radicals, even at low concentrations hydrolyzate. The 50% inhibition (EC50) of the DPPH radical methodology occurred at concentrations below 3 mg / ml for all treatments, being the lowest concentration 1.36 mg / ml (lot 120 min) and the largest 2.70 mg / ml (Neutrase 30 min). In the ABTS method, higher concentrations were required for 50% inhibition of the radical, but still was less than 5%. The lowest concentration was 3.58 mg / mL (120 pepsin min) and the largest was 4.49 mg / mL (Neutrase 60 min). The size of the peptide chains to most treatments ranged from 1000 to 10000Da chains, whereas treatment with pepsin promoted percentage of peptides of higher molecular weight followed by Neutrase. The papain was the enzyme cleavage that generated more protein and peptides of smaller size, situated in the range from 100 to 1000 Da, which is related to the higher degree of hydrolysis. The properties observed in hydrolysates produced indicate that this is a potential food supplement because of its high protein value for food preservation additives, and applied in the pharmaceutical industry.
CATETER VENOSO CENTRAL DE INSERÇÃO PERIFÉRICA E TROMBOSE: EXPERIÊNCIA EM HOSPITAL DE ALTA COMPLEXIDADE

Objetivo: descrever as variáveis associadas à trombose nos pacientes com cateter venoso central de inserção periférica. Método: estudo de coorte, retrospectivo, com dados coletados em 2016, no sistema de informação Research Eletronic Data Capture de um hospital de alta complexidade em São Paulo, Brasil.Resultados: o paciente crítico foi o que mais apresentou trombose (77,3%). O paciente que tinha o cateter venoso central de inserção periférica com ocupação do vaso sanguíneo maior que 33%, quando puncionado mais de uma vez (15,4%), evoluiu com trombose. Referente à área de punção, não houve resultado significativo já que 96,2% dos pacientes estavam com o cateter na zona ideal de punção no braço. Conclusão: a incidência de pacientes com Cateter Venoso Central de Inserção Periférica que evoluíram com trombose foi de 1,2%, considerada baixa em comparação com outros estudos, contribuindo para fortalecer as políticas de boas práticas para o sucesso da terapia intravenosa com seu uso.
Development of Rapid Detection Methods and Novel Control Measures for Salmonella in Poultry

This dissertation consists of three research parts: 1) development of rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens; 2) immune response of chicken cells against Salmonella and bacteriophage P22; 3) evaluation of novel control measures for poultry productions. In order to develop rapid and accurate detection methods for foodborne pathogens, two types of PCR assays were utilized. Three foodborne pathogens included Campylobacter, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in watershed were qualitatively and quantitatively detected by multiplex PCR and qPCR (chapter 2). Since Salmonella species are commonly present in poultry and poultry products as well as most popular foodborne pathogen in the United States, we have developed multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Salmonella genus, Salmonella subspecies I, S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, and S. Typhimurium. In addition, low numbers of Salmonella were quantified via qPCR (chapter 3). To evaluate the immune responses in chicken macrophage cells against Salmonella and bacteriophage P22 invasion, cell culture models were utilized. The productions of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR (chapter 4). Prebiotics is a non-digestible food component that provides beneficial effects on the host by stimulating the growth and activity of selected bacteria in the lower intestinal tract. In this study, we evaluated a production performance in pasture flock raised broilers after treatment with three different prebiotics. Furthermore, microarray was conducted to evaluate different gene expressions according to prebiotics treatments using small intestinal cells and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software was used to analyze functional networks among upor down-regulated genes based on microarray data (chapter 5). Lastly, DGGE was performed to evaluate gastrointestinal microflora shifts in pasture flock raised chickens supplemented with prebiotics (chapter 6).
Effects of Cognitive Ability and Age on Giving in Dictator Game Experiments

Abstract We investigate how cognitive ability and age affect giving behavior in single-blind dictator game experiments with a sample comprising 514 non-student participants in Japan. First, we found a negative correlation between cognitive ability and giving behavior. Focusing on dictators with medium or low cognitive ability, the higher the cognitive ability, the lower are both giving probability and amount. Such a negative correlation was also found for dictators with high cognitive ability, but there was a jump increase in giving probability between the medium and high cognitive ability groups. Regarding the age effect, giving probability and amount of older dictators ( ≥ 40 years) were higher than those of younger dictators (20–29 years).
Development of Pretreatment Strategies for the Fractionation of Hazelnut Shells in the Scope of Biorefinery

Hazelnut shells are an important waste from the hazelnut processing industry that could be valorized in a multi-product biorefinery. Individual or combined pretreatments may be integrated in processes enabling the integral fractionation of biomass. In this study, fractionation methods based on alkaline, alkaline-organosolv, organosolv, or acid-catalyzed organosolv treatments were applied to raw or autohydrolyzed hazelnut shells. A comparative analysis of results confirmed that the highest lignin removal was achieved with the acid-catalyzed organosolv delignification, which also allowed limited cellulose losses. When this treatment was applied to raw hazelnut shells, 65.3% of the lignin was removed, valuable hemicellulose-derived products were obtained, and the cellulose content of the processed solids increased up to 54%. Autohydrolysis of hazelnut shells resulted in the partial solubilization of hemicelluloses (mainly in the form of soluble oligosaccharides). Consecutive stages of autohydrolysis and acid-catalyzed organosolv delignification resulted in 47.9% lignin removal, yielding solids of increased cellulose content (55.4%) and very low content of residual hemicelluloses. The suitability of selected delignified and autohydrolyzed-delignified hazelnut shells as substrates for enzymatic hydrolysis was assessed in additional experiments. The most susceptible substrates (from acid-catalyzed organosolv treatments) reached 74.2% cellulose conversion into glucose, with a concentration of 28.52 g glucose/L.
Heavy Metals in Natural Waters: Applied Monitoring and Impact Assessment

1. Introduction. - Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies. - References. - 2. Arsenic. - Chemistry. - Production, Uses, and Discharges. - Arsenic in Aquatic Systems. - Transformations. - Residues. - Toxicity. - References. - 3. Cadmium. - Chemistry. - Production, Uses, and Discharges. - Cadmium in Aquatic Systems. - Residues. - Toxicity. - References. - 4. Chromium. - Chemistry. - Production, Uses, and Discharges. - Chromium in Aquatic Systems. - Residues. - Toxicity. - References. - 5. Copper. - Chemistry. - Production, Uses, and Discharges. - Copper in Aquatic Systems. - Residues. - Toxicity. - References. - 6. Lead. - Chemistry. - Production, Uses, and Discharges. - Lead in Aquatic Systems. - Transformations. - Residues. - Toxicity. - References. - 7. Mercury. - Chemistry. - Production, Uses, and Discharges. - Mercury in Aquatic Systems. - Transformations. - Residues. - Toxicity. - References. - 8. Nickel. - Chemistry. - Production, Uses, and Discharges. - Nickel in Aquatic Systems. - Residues. - Toxicity. - References. - 9. Zinc. - Chemistry. - Production, Uses, and Discharges. - Zinc in Aquatic Systems. - Residues. - Toxicity. - References. - 10. Impact of Heavy Metals in Natural Waters. - Physico-Chemical Impact. - Biological Impact. - References. - 11. Monitoring and Impact Assessment Approaches. - Chemical Criteria. - Biological Criteria. - References. - 12. Politics and the Environmental Manager. - Principles. - Methods. - Summary. - Appendices. - A. Summary of Current Production and Uses of Metals. - B. Physical and Chemical Terms Cited in This Book. - C. Common and Scientific Names of Fish Cited in This Book.
Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids The geometry of incompatibility in growing soft tissues: Theory and numerical characterization

Tissues in vivo are not stress-free. As we grow, our tissues adapt to different physiological and disease conditions through growth and remodeling. This adaptation occurs at the microscopic scale, where cells control the microstructure of their immediate extracellular environment to achieve homeostasis. The local and heterogeneous nature of this process is the source of residual stresses. At the macroscopic scale, growth and remodeling can be accurately captured with the finite volume growth framework within continuum mechanics, which is akin to plasticity. The multiplicative split of the deformation gradient into growth and elastic contributions brings about the notion of incompatibility as a plausible description for the origin of residual stress. Here we define the geometric features that characterize incompatibility in biological materials. We introduce the geometric incompatibility tensor for different growth types, showing that the constraints associated with growth lead to specific patterns of the incompatibility metrics. To numerically investigate the distribution of incompatibility measures, we implement the analysis within a finite element framework. Simple, illustrative examples are shown first to explain the main concepts. Then, numerical characterization of incompatibility and residual stress is performed on three biomedical applications: brain atrophy, skin expansion, and cortical folding. Our analysis provides new insights into the role of growth in the development of tissue defects and residual stresses. Thus, we anticipate that our work will further motivate additional research to characterize residual stresses in living tissue and their role in development, disease, and clinical intervention. density 1952, 1955; Nye, 1953). Soft tissues do not accumulate dislocations due to growth, but we can still use similar geometric analysis to understand the type of incompatibility possible in growing tissue, and how it may be connected to the accumulation of residual stress. We derive the form of the local Burgers vector density for representative scenarios of volumetric, area, and fiber growth. Moreover, we also characterize incompatibility and the associated residual stress for relevant biomedical applications such as human brain atrophy and skin expansion. We believe that our results will provide new insights and foster discussion about the geometric incompatibility induced by growth, how it may be related to microscale phenomena, and how it is connected to the accumulation of residual stress. Moreover, we anticipate that this work will not only improve our basic understanding of tissue mechanics, but also be useful for medical interventions that trigger growth and remodeling of soft tissues leading to accumulation of residual stress that can impact tissue function.
Oil volatility forecasting and risk allocation: evidence from an extended mixed-frequency volatility model

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a novel GARCH-MIDAS-SK (G-M-SK) model that improves the basic GARCH-MIDAS (G-M) model by incorporating time-varying skewness and kurtosis. We employ our model with data concerning macroeconomic fundamentals to investigate in-sample fit and out-of-sample prediction of volatility in crude oil prices. Empirical results suggest that G-M-SK models produce the better in-sample fit than basic G-M models do. This result is also robust for the subsample of the oil market. It is equally noteworthy that modelling low-frequency macroeconomic variables better reveals the long-term volatility from time-varying skewness and kurtosis. More importantly, G-M-SK model significantly and robustly improves accuracy in predicting oil volatility. In particular, we find that data regarding macroeconomic fundamentals contribute more to forecasting volatility in oil prices than their variance does. Finally, our G-M-SK model more precisely calculates the utility incident to minimizing risk and allocating portfolios. Its results are consistent with out-of-sample forecasting results. These results are beneficial to the decision-making of the crude oil investors and policymakers alike.
Quick Incidental Learning of Words by Children with and without Specific Language Impairment: An Eye-tracking Study

499 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2020 Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Quick Incidental Learning of Words by Children with and without Specific Language Impairment: An Eye-tracking Study