Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management for noncardiac surgery (JCS 2008)--digest version.

As the population ages, more elderly patients are undergoing surgery. An increasing number of patients with heart disease are undergoing noncardiac surgery, and guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery have become necessary. The Committee on Preparation for “the Guidelines for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management for Noncardiac Surgery”, which was established in 2001 at the request of the Scientific Committee of the Japanese Circulation Society, published the first edition of the guidelines in 2002. While the ACC/AHA Guidelines for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery highlighted the perioperative management of patients with ischemic heart disease, our guidelines were intended to comprehensively describe ischemic heart disease and other common heart diseases which physicians often encounter during noncardiac surgery, and include risk management during pregnancy and delivery. In the present guidelines, the evidence and general agreement on the efficacy of diagnostic and treatment procedures are classified into Class I to III to help practitioners use the guidelines efficiently. Class I: Conditions for which there is evidence for and/or general agreement that the procedure/treatment is useful. Class II: Conditions for which there is conflicting evidence regarding the usefulness of a procedure/treatment. Class IIa: Weight of opinion is in favor of usefulness. Class IIb: Usefulness is less well established by evidence. Class III: Conditions for which there is evidence and general agreement that a procedure/treatment is not useful.
Cryogenic operation of third-generation, 200-GHz peak-f/sub T/, silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors

We present a comprehensive investigation of the cryogenic performance of third-generation silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology. Measurements of the current-voltage (dc), small-signal ac, and broad-band noise characteristics of a 200-GHz SiGe HBT were made at 85 K, 120 K, 150 K, 200 K, and 300 K. These devices show excellent behavior down to 85 K, maintaining reasonable dc ideality, with a peak current gain of 3800, a peak cut-off frequency (f/sub T/) of 260 GHz, a peak f/sub max/ of 310 GHz, and a minimum noise figure (NF/sub min/) of approximately 0.30 dB at a frequency of 14 GHz, in all cases representing significant improvements over their corresponding values at 300 K. These results demonstrate that aggressively scaled SiGe HBTs are inherently well suited for cryogenic electronics applications requiring extreme levels of transistor performance.
Non-Financial Performance Indicators (R&D) Impact on Individual Investors’ Decision Making

Special committee of the AICPA on financial reports has urged disclosure of related non-financial performance measurers and forward-looking information to addition customary financial reports (AICPA, 2002). This study shows an experiment that examines whether additional disclosure of non-financial performance measurement (R&D) impact on individual Investors’ net earnings estimates. An experiment was directed applying investors who were prepared with a hypothetical firm’s annual report. The experiment presented to include two levels (additional disclosure positive non-financial performance (R&D), negative non-financial performance (R&D) 1 (financial statements only as control group) between-subjects design. The individual investors with high education and knowledge reacted to the negative and positive information, as anticipated from the prior research. The results show that the value of positive additional disclosure of non-financial performance (R&D) may not overflow in an equal manner to all users of financial statements. It also indicates that regulatory intervention to additional disclosure to all investors may not have the desired effect if cognitive biases, and lack of task-specific knowledge, adversely affect their decision-making. I provided in advance proof on disclosures that can help individual investors. When my experiment sets convergent proof of the impact of these disclosures in a controlled setting, in addition, it prepares fresh proof that the differences in investors’ appraisals are probably involuntary, caused by reminder bound. This study found that additional disclosures non-financial performance (R&D) improve individual investors decision making, although these disclosures are superfluous with data in the initial financial reports.
Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer: Comparison between Half-Fourier Acquired Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo and EPI Techniques

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies have reported on the clinical utility of DWI in head and neck cancer, but none of these studies compared HASTE with EPI-DWI in patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of our study was to compare detection and delineation of primary tumors and lymph nodes by using HASTE and EPI-DWI techniques in patients with HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with HNSCC and a total of 12 primary tumors and 77 visualized lymph nodes on MR imaging underwent DWI by using both EPI-based and HASTE techniques. Interobserver agreement for detection, delineation, and ADC values of primary tumors and lymph nodes was assessed by 2 radiologists, and artifacts for both DWI techniques were described. RESULTS: The number of lesions (primary tumors and lymph nodes) identified on pretreatment EPI-DWI was higher compared with pretreatment HASTE-DWI, with means of total lesions of 88.5 and 69.0, respectively. Delineation of lesions was also better on pretreatment EPI-DWI compared with pretreatment HASTE-DWI, with means of well-delineated lesions of 80.5 and 27.5, respectively. Both EPI- and HASTE-DWI showed good interobserver agreement between radiologists of ADC values in lesions with ICC values of 0.79 and 0.92, respectively. Intraobserver agreement for ADC values in lesions assessed with EPI- versus HASTE-DWI techniques was low, with ICC values of 0.31 and 0.42, respectively. Significant interobserver disagreement concerning detection was only seen with HASTE-DWI, and none of the DWI techniques showed significant interobserver disagreements regarding delineation. EPI-DWI was more prone to susceptibility artifacts than HASTE-DWI: Ninety-one percent of primary tumors and 16% of lymph nodes were affected by susceptibility artifacts on pretreatment EPI-DWI, whereas these artifacts were not seen on HASTE-DWI. CONCLUSIONS: Primary tumors and lymph nodes are more easily visualized on EPI-DWI compared with HASTE-DWI. EPI-DWI has geometric distortion, however, which has a negative effect on interobserver agreement of ADC values.
The Role of Attitudes and Ethicality on Branded Video Games (Advergames) Acceptance

Advergames are branded video games that blur the line between entertainment and advertising. Advergames are gaining momentum among advertisers and advertising agencies fueled by their capability to engage teenagers and young adults with branded communications. This study focuses on consumersâ€™ intentions to use advergames analyzing three attitudinal factors â€“ attitude toward advertising, attitude toward product placement in video games, and attitude toward advergames- and the ethical evaluations of the use of advergames as an advertising format (ethicality). The proposed model was empirically tested using a sample of 304 college students. Major findings suggest that attitudes toward advergames increase playing intentions of advergames and ethical concerns significantly worsen attitudes toward advergame.
The effect of strategies of personal resilience on depression recovery in an Australian cohort: A mixed methods study

Strategies of personal resilience enable successful adaptation in adversity. Among patients experiencing depression symptoms, we explored which personal resilience strategies they find most helpful and tested the hypothesis that use of these strategies improves depression recovery. We used interview and survey data from the Diagnosis, Management and Outcomes of Depression in Primary Care 2005 cohort of patients experiencing depression symptoms in Victoria, Australia. A total of 564 participants answered a computer-assisted telephone interview question at 12 months follow-up, about what they found most helpful for their depression, stress or worries. Depressive disorder and severity were measured at annual follow-up using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Patient Health Questionnaire self-rating questionnaire. Using interview responses, we categorised participants as users or not of strategies of personal resilience, specifically, drawing primarily on expanding their own inner resources or pre-existing relationships: 316 (56%) were categorised as primarily users of personal resilience strategies. Of these, 193 (61%) reported expanding inner resources, 79 (25%) drawing on relationships and 44 (14%) reported both. There was no association between drawing on relationships and depression outcome. There was evidence supporting an association between expanding inner resources and depression outcome: 25 per cent of users having major depressive disorder 1 year later compared to 38 per cent of non-users (adjusted odds ratio: 0.59, confidence interval: 0.36–0.97). This is the first study to show improved outcome for depression for those who identify as most helpful the use of personal resilience strategies. The difference in outcome is important as expanding inner resources includes a range of low intensity, yet commonly available strategies.
ISSUES OF SECURITY, CHALLENGES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SHARIA' PRINCIPLE IN E-COMMERCE TRANSACTION

There are growing concerns among e-commerce customers particularly Muslims in Malaysia regarding online transaction both from security aspects and Sharia’ perspective. There are two main issues arise concerning purchasing on-line using credit cards. First is the medium of transaction via on-line or Internet itself and secondly, the mode of payment being used to purchase online in which using credit card in this case. As Malaysia is heading towards e-commerce and purchasing on-line via credit cards has no longer a new trend; the challenges arise for solution which compliance with Sharia’ principles. This paper will address and highlight several challenges and issues and present recommendations based on the existing technology without overlooking legal provision provided in this country to solve the above concerns.
All-Optical Gain Clamped Double-Pass L-Band EDFA Based on Partial Reflection of ASE

A new gain clamping scheme in double-pass L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based on partial reflection of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) into the EDFA is demonstrated using a narrowband fiber Bragg grating as an ASE reflector. The proposed amplifier achieves a good gain clamping characteristic up to -12dBm of input signal power with gain variation of less than 0.5dB from a clamped gain of 22.0dB. The noise figure within the gain-clamping region is maintained below 5.0dB. The low noise figure is achieved since the proposed amplifier is not based on lasing mechanism. The proposed amplifier is also expected to be free from the relaxation oscillation problem.
THE INCIDENCE OF ASPERGILLOSIS AND CANDIDIASIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY DISORDERS ATTENDING INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL , KANO

Fungal infections such as Aspergillosis and Candidiasis have been given less priority in the diagnosis of respiratory disorders compared to other respiratory tract infections. The research is therefore aimed at screening for Aspergillus and Candida infections among patients with pulmonary symptoms that attend Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kano between April and October, 2011, in order to ascertain the endemicity of the infection and the risk factors and groups associated with the diseases. Two hundred sputum samples were investigated by cultivation on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar containing antibiotic and examination for the fungal elements. Fungal identification was carried out by direct microscopy and colony morphology. Dalamau plate technique and Germ-tube tests were employed to differentiate yeasts. Of the 200 samples examined, eighty subjects (40.00%) were found to be positive of which 49 (61.25%) were males and 31 (38.75%) were females; 41 (51.25%) were positive with Aspergillus spp where as 39 (48.75%) were found to be positive with Candida spp. Among the Aspergillii, A. niger was the most prevalent (21.25%) while among the candida; C. albicans was the most prevalent (35.00%). Significant association was found between the fungal vulnerability with age and prolonged antibiotic usage. Aspergillus and Candida species were found to preferentially result to or rather complicate bronchopulmonary diseases, hence fungal infections need to be explored in patients with the disorders.
Composite system well-being analysis using sequential Monte Carlo simulation and fuzzy algorithm

Health, Margin and Risk states which in recent years are known as well-being reliability indices, provide a comprehensive adequacy assessment of bulk power system reliability studies. Conventional reliability information about power system operation only considered health and risk states which were not often adequate criteria both in system planning and utilization. It seems margin state as the intermediate condition between health and risk must be considered. Well-being method which is a approach to power system generation adequacy evaluation incorporates deterministic criteria in a probabilistic framework and provides system operating information in addition to risk assessment and can be evaluated using analytical techniques. The most important part of this approach is the algorithm for calculating the probability of each state. Besides, all system components, their behavior and their operational conditions such as transmission lines overloads and voltage drops should be considered in the calculations. In this context, this paper proposes a method to calculate more precise well-being indices using Monte Carlo simulation procedure and Fuzzy Logic algorithm while AC load flow is utilized for contingency analysis. The proposed method is then demonstrated on the RBTS to demonstrate the instance results.
Characterization of the immunodeficiency of RIIIS/J mice: immune response to polysaccharide antigens

RIIIS/J mice lack an autosomal dominant gene(s) that influences the magnitude of the antibody response to several polysaccharide antigens of bacterial origin. Low responsiveness is demonstrable whether polysaccharide is administered as a T-helper-cell-independent or -dependent antigen conjugated to an immunogenic carrier; however, RIIIS/J mice make good anti-hapten antibody responses to haptenated polysaccharides. The low antibody responses of RIIIS/J mice to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide do not appear to be the results of an imbalance in the activity of regulatory T lymphocytes. Compared with other strains of mice, RIIIS/J mice elicit low antibody responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). They do not develop a cyclic primary or secondary antibody response to Escherichia coli O113 LPS; the latter is not due to a lack of mitogenic response to E. coli O113 LPS. They also produce auto-anti-idiotypic antibody after being immunized with trinitrophenyl-Ficoll.
An Exploratory Study on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Malaysia: National and Organisation-Centric Perspectives

xi Abbreviations / Glossary. xiii 1.0 Introduction . 1 1.1 Background of research . 1 1.2 Aim of the study and Research questions . 5 1.3 Nature and scope of the study . 7 1.4 Importance / benefits of research . 10 1.5 Limitation of the research . 15 1.6 Outline of dissertation . 18 2.0 Literature Review . 21 2.
Information Exchange and the Limits of Arbitrage

Evidence suggests that arbitragers exchange investment ideas. We analyze why and under what circumstances sharing occurs. Our model suggests that sharing ideas will lead to the following: more efficient asset prices, larger arbitrager profits, and correlated arbitrager returns. We predict that arbitragers will exchange ideas in markets where arbitragers are capital constrained, noise trader influence is high, and arbitrage investors are more loss averse. We also predict that arbitrage networks can lead to crowded trades, which can create systematic risk in extreme market circumstances.
Codes to coordinate supply chains: SMEs' experiences with SA8000

Purpose – Contracts and trust are mechanisms to coordinate processes in supply chains. However, contracts are incomplete and trust takes time to develop. The aim of this paper is to show how Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000) can help to manage supply chains (in particular small and medium‐sized companies as its partners) by solving the problem of incomplete contracts as well as replacing trust in new partnerships, especially with respect to intangible performance indicators.Design/methodology/approach – Supply chain management (with an emphasis on coordination) and corporate social responsibility (with an emphasis on codes, especially SA8000) are briefly described, based on a literature review. These descriptions led to three research propositions. In the second part, four cases describe the practice of SA8000. The richness of the cases provides both literal and theoretical replication. Finally, the theoretical and empirical results are compared, with specific regard to the research propositions.Finding.
Properties of Structured Association Approaches to Detecting Population Stratification

Objective: To examine the properties of the structured association approach for the detection and correction of population stratification. Method: A method is developed, within a latent class analysis framework, similar to the methods proposed by Satten et al. (2001) and Pritchard et al. (2000). A series of simulations illustrate the relative impact of number and type of loci, sample size and population structure. Results: The ability to detect stratification and assign individuals to population strata is determined for a number of different scenarios. Conclusion: The results underline the importance of careful marker selection.
Cj1386 Is an Ankyrin-Containing Protein Involved in Heme Trafficking to Catalase in Campylobacter jejuni

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic bacterium, is the most frequent cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis. C. jejuni is exposed to harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during its own normal metabolic processes and during infection from the host immune system and from host intestinal microbiota. These ROS will damage DNA and proteins and cause peroxidation of lipids. Consequently, identifying ROS defense mechanisms is important for understanding how Campylobacter survives this environmental stress during infection. Construction of a ΔCj1386 isogenic deletion mutant and phenotypic assays led to its discovery as a novel oxidative stress defense gene. The ΔCj1386 mutant has an increased sensitivity toward hydrogen peroxide. The Cj1386 gene is located directly downstream from katA (catalase) in the C. jejuni genome. A ΔkatAΔ Cj1386 double deletion mutant was constructed and exhibited a sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide similar to that seen in the ΔCj1386 and ΔkatA single deletion mutants. This observation suggests that Cj1386 may be involved in the same detoxification pathway as catalase. Despite identical KatA abundances, catalase activity assays showed that the ΔCj1386 mutant had a reduced catalase activity relative to that of wild-type C. jejuni. Heme quantification of KatA protein from the ΔCj1386 mutant revealed a significant decrease in heme concentration. This indicates an important role for Cj1386 in heme trafficking to KatA within C. jejuni. Interestingly, the ΔCj1386 mutant had a reduced ability to colonize the ceca of chicks and was outcompeted by the wild-type strain for colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of neonate piglets. These results indicate an important role for Cj1386 in Campylobacter colonization and pathogenesis.
X‐irradiation effects on thymidine kinase (TK): II. The significance of deoxythymidine triphosphate for inhibition of TK1 activity

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism behind the high sensitivity of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) to X‐irradiation. The deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pool was studied in mouse ascites tumour cells 1–24 h after X‐irradiation with 5 Gy. Irradiation changed the Michaelis‐Menten kinetics of TK1 from linear to biphasic, showing a negative co‐operativity. These changes were closely related to changes in the dTTP pool. Addition of dTTP to the cell extract of non‐irradiated cells, or thymidine (dTdR) to the culture medium, resulted in changes very similar to the kinetics found in the irradiated cells. Addition of 5¢‐amino‐5¢‐deoxythymidine (5¢‐AdTdR), a thymidine analogue that eliminated the inhibitory effect of dTTP on TK1 activity, completely abolished the irradiation‐induced inhibition of TK1 activity. We suggest that the reduced TK1 activity is mainly due to an elevated intracellular concentration of dTTP.
A low-loss 60GHz integrated antenna switch in 65nm CMOS

A 60GHz integrated antenna switching architecture is presented for millimeter-wave transceiver system. This circuit topology re-uses the last stage's transistor of power amplifier (PA) and the first stage's transistor of low-noise amplifier (LNA) as the switching elements, and the matching blocks for PA and LNA. A two-stage LNA and a two-stage PA integrated together as antenna switch is fabricated on 65nm CMOS process. The presented method has lower loss than conventional quarter-wavelength based switches theoretically. LNA and PA are designed considering switching operation; hence there is less area penalty when compared with conventional methods. 2.9dB minimum noise figure (NF) in the receiver mode is measured, and 2 dBm of OP1dB is measured in the transmitter mode.
Structuring the Assessment of Audit Evidence -- An Expert Systems Approach

The article informs that in conducting an audit, the auditor is required to express an opinion concerning a client's financial statements. The construction of an audit plan or the evaluation of a completed or partially completed audit program usually requires the auditor to make a large number of interrelated judgments. However, since much of the previous research into the construction and validation of expert systems has been concerned with the construction and validation of knowledge-bases, the methodology is directly derived from expert system development methodology.
Bangladesh Financial Reporting Standard (BFRS) and Environmental Accounting: A Case Study of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Bangladesh

This paper examines whether Bangladesh Financial Reporting Standards (BFRS) can be used for monitoring environmental degradations. The paper critically examines the contemporary environmental accounting literature, and attempts to find a mandatory reporting mechanism in the context of accounting for a public good. It selects the relevant financial reporting standards and examines their strengths and weaknesses. Using qualitative and case-study research methods, the financial statements of 65 local manufacturing companies that are operating in an environmentally sensitive sector are studied. The study finds that the Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) guidelines and the private sector’s self-regulation are insufficient to monitor environmental disclosure. The paper proposes a mandated separate statement of environmental assets and liabilities. The elements of the proposed statement are discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jbt.v6i2. 14514 Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol–VI, Issue–02, (July-December, 2011) & Vol–VII, Issue-1 (January-June, 2012) pp.1-20