Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON POPULATION STRUCTURE IN GENERALIZED HUNTING AND COLLECTING POPULATIONS

For the purposes of this research generalized hunting and collecting populations may be defined as those peoples dependent for sustenance on a wide variety of foods obtained by hunting and collecting methods in patterns which change seasonally, and among whom food storage and preservation are of little or no consequence. They have no domestic plants, nor any domesticated animals other than the dog, which is primarily utilized as an adjunct to hunting and not as a direct food source. More than a dozen regional clusters of peoples at this simple economic level existed at the time of historical contact. The Australians and the Tasmanians in Australasia are well known examples. Negritic peoples in eastern Asia at this level include the Aeta of the Philippines, the Semang of the Malay Peninsula, and the inhabitants of the Andaman Islands. In Africa all of the so-called Bushmen tribes and the rain forest Negritoes of the Congo Basin are in this economic group. A small group of jungle tribes in India falls into this category. In the New World the Shoshoni tribes of the Great Basin belong here, despite the relative importance of the pinon nut in their economy and the ease with which it lends itself to preservation during winter months. It is probable that the inland Athabascan and Algonquin speaking peoples of Canada belong with the others in spite of assistance provided by the climate for the preservation of
Effect of long-term rumen-protected methionine supplementation on performance of Shami goats and growth performance of their kids

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementing the diets of Shami goats with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in late pregnancy (last 60 days) and early lactation on milk production, composition, fatty acid profile in the first 60 days of lactation, and on growth performance of their kids. Three groups were used (25 goats/group) in a completely randomised design. Groups were a control with no supplements (0RPM) or supplemented with either 2.5 (2.5RPM), or 5.0 g/head.day RPM (5RPM). Birth and weaning weights for kids were recorded and analysed. Milk production was measured and sampled biweekly from each dam and analysed for milk composition. Results showed that RPM had no effect on birth and weaning weights, or average daily gain of Shami kids. However, milk to gain ratio of kids was significantly (P < 0.05) improved. Milk production increased significantly (P < 0.05) in 5RPM group compared with 0RPM and 2.5RPM groups. Milk protein content was the highest (P < 0.05) in the 2.5RPM group, followed by the 5RPM and 0RPM groups, whereas milk fat content was not different among the groups. Meanwhile, yields of both components were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in milk of treated groups. Casein and energy-corrected milk were increased (P < 0.05) with treatment. No effect on dry-matter intake was recorded, while feed to milk ratio was better (P < 0.05) for RPM groups than for 0RPM group. Milk fatty acids composition did not show significant changes after RPM treatment. In conclusion, results showed that supplementing RPM to Shami goats in late pregnancy did not affect birthweight or growth of suckling kids but improved milk production and milk protein, although no clear dose response to RPM was detected.
Phenotypic adaptation and natural selection in the wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Australia

(3) Genetic differences among regional populations were detected from the persistence of traits through two generations of rearing under standardized conditions. Differences in the shape of the body core were consistent with prior genetic adaptation to regional ambient temperature. Other genetic adaptations or founder effects caused divergence in size of the ears and pes. (4) The size of the ears differed adaptively among regional field populations, being longer in warmer climates, apparently because genetic differences interacted with phenotypic responses to heat. (5) The pinnae have thermoregulatory functions and responded phenotypically to ambient temperature during growth in two generations. In contrast, the pes lack a thermoregulatory role and grew independently of ambient temperature, but responded to other environmental factors.
The relative contributions of developmental plasticity and adult acclimation to physiological variation in the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera, Glossinidae)

SUMMARY Recent reviews of the adaptive hypotheses for animal responses to acclimation have highlighted the importance of distinguishing between developmental and adult (non-developmental) phenotypic plasticity. There has been little work, however, on separating the effects of developmental plasticity from adult acclimation on physiological traits. Therefore, we investigated the relative contributions of these two distinct forms of plasticity to the environmental physiology of adult tsetse flies by exposing developing pupae or adult flies to different temperatures and comparing their responses. We also exposed flies to different temperatures during development and re-exposed them as adults to the same temperatures, to investigate possible cumulative effects. Critical thermal maxima were relatively inflexible in response to acclimation temperatures (21, 25, 29°C) with plasticity type accounting for the majority of the variation (49–67%, nested ANOVA). By contrast, acclimation had a larger effect on critical thermal minima with treatment temperature accounting for most of the variance (84–92%). Surprisingly little of the variance in desiccation rate could be explained by plasticity type (30–47%). The only significant effect of acclimation temperature on standard (resting) metabolic rate of adult flies was at 21°C, resulting in treatment temperature, rather than plasticity type, accounting for the majority of the variance (30–76%). This study demonstrates that the stage at which acclimation takes place has significant, though often different, effects on several adult physiological traits in G. pallidipes, and therefore that it is not only important to consider the form of plasticity but also the direction of the response and its significance from a life-history perspective.
Nonlinear Screening Indexes of Drought Resistance at Rice Seedling Stage Based on Support Vector Machine

Screening indexes of drought resistance in crops is a puzzler with a few samples,multi-index and non-linear characteristics.Rationality of linear regression model and the indexes obtained by linear screening based on empirical risk minimization are debated.On the contrary,support vector machine based on structural risk minimization has the advantages of non-linear characteristics,fitting for a few samples,avoiding the over-fit,strong generalization ability and high prediction precision,etc.In this paper,setting the survival percentage under repeated drought condition as the target and support vector regression as the nonlinear screen tool,six integrated indicators including plant height,proline,malondialdehyde,leaf age,area of the first leaf under the central leaf and ascorbic acid,were highlighted from 24 morphological and physiological indicators in 15 paddy rice cultivars.The results showed that support vector regression model with the six integrated indicators had a more distinct improvement in fitting and prediction precision than the linear reference models.Considering the simplicity of indicators measurement,the support vector regression model with the only six morphological indicators including shoot dry weight,area of the second leaf under the central leaf,root shoot ratio,leaf age,leaf fresh weight and area of the first leaf under the central leaf was also feasible.Furthermore,an explanatory system including the significance of regression model and the importance of single indicator was established based on support vector regression and F-test.
Illustrations of the New Zealand frog fauna / by R.E. Barwick

Shows the six species of frogs, found in NZ, together on a full-colour plate. Describes and discusses the different species. Includes notes on Hyla ewingi, Hyla aurea, Hyla caerulea, Leiopelma hamiltoni, Leiopelma hochstetteri and Leiopelma archeyi.
Morphological Traits Analysis of Spinach( Spinacia oleracea L.) Germplasm Resources

The morphological traits including 11 qualitative characters and 6 quantitative characters were investigated from 33 spinach( Spinacia oleracea L.) germplasm resources. It was found that the variation coefficient of the 33 spinach germplasm resources was from 29. 07% to 78. 97%,the variation coefficient of plant weight was the biggest,and the variation coefficient of leaf length was the smallest. The extent of diversity were different among the different traits from different varieties. Two big groups were divided from these 33 spinach germplasm resources by cluster analysis,furthermore divided into 6 groups,and each group had some definite morphological characters. The advantage of morphological traits of group Ⅲ(Xiaojianye,Wupingbocai,Ruyangdayuanye)and Ⅵ(Dajianye,Heiyebocai)were prominent,which could be used as materials for high yield and small size spinach breeding.
Molecular Mechanisms of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA Apple Long Anil K. Rustgi Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is the 6th leading cause of cancer related deaths amongst American men. Although rare, this disease has a high mortality rate with a 5-year survival of 17%. Incidentally TP53 mutation is the most common genetic alteration in ESCC, along with over expression of EGFR and CYCLIN D1. We have previously modeled the invasive features of ESCC, through an in vivo-like 3D organotypic culture system, utilizing primary epithelial cells that have been transformed by overexpression of mutant TP53 and EGFR. From this model, a RNA microarray was performed to determine critical genes that are upregulated at the front of invasion. WNT10A was found to be over 4-fold upregulated, along with a WNTsignaling gene signature in the invasive cells. We additionally found that increased WNT10A expression was associated with ESCC, compared to normal esophageal tissue and that increased WNT10A staining was associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, WNT10A was determined to induce increased proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness properties in transformed esophageal cancer cells. In addition to examining the oncogenic properties of WNT10A, we also focused on generating an in vivo model of mutant TP53 driven ESCC. We utilized a carcinogen, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), as a challenge to induce genetic changes in the background of Tp53 mutation, specific to the oral squamous, esophagus and forestomach tissues. We found preliminarily that TP53 mutation, specifically the R172H mutant, can accelerate tumorigenesis as compared to loss of TP53 alone. Additionally, when RNA-seq was performed on the tumor derived TP53R172H/and TP53-/cells, we found an increase of genes associated with an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in the TP53R172H/cells. Mesenchymal genes such as Cdh2, Zeb1, Zeb2, Twist, and Snail were increased, while epithelial genes such as Cdh1, Epcam, and Krt4 were decreased. Altogether, we surmise that the TP53 mutant, R172H, can induce gain-of-function (GOF), oncogenic properties in order to promote tumorigenesis, potentially by inducing an EMT phenotype. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Anil K. Rustgi
Studies on toxin of Aspergillus fumigatus. XIX. Biochemical alteration of sera after Asp-hemolysin inoculation or Aspergillus infection in mice.

Aspergillus fumigatus 生菌感染マウスと Asp-hemolysin 投与マウス血清の生化学的分析を行い, 次のような結果が得られた. すなわち, Asp-hemolysin 投与後のマウスにおいて, 非タンパク性窒素, 血中尿素窒素, 血清グルタミン酸オギザロ酢酸トランスアミナーゼ, 血清グルタミン酸ピルビン酸トランスアミナーゼ, 乳酸脱水素酵素の血清レベルの上昇が認められた. また, Aspergillus fumigatus 生菌感染マウスにおいても, 血清内レベル上昇までの時間的ずれはみられるものの, Asp-hemolysin 投与群とほぼ類似した上記血清成分の有意な変動が観察された. LDH アイソザイムパターンからは, 両投与群共に, 腎臓, 心臓, 肝臓等の組織障害が考えられ, この結果は前報の病理組織所見との一致をみた. 以上のように, 生菌および Asp-hemolysin 投与後のマウス血清の生化学的比較検討からも, 菌側因子としての Asp-hemolysinが, 実験的生菌感染時における発症・進展に関する可能性が示唆された.
Efficacy of fungicides and inducer molecule for management of downy mildew of Cucumber under trellis/non-trellis system of cultivation

The present investigation advocates both primary and secondary source of inoculum to be prevented to achieve sound management of downey mildew disease. The seed treatment with packing mixture of metalaxyl (8%) + mancozeb (64%) was found to prevent systemic infection. However, seed treatment alone could not protect plants in long run from non-systemic infection. Therefore, need based application of fungicide with curative action, clipping and destruction of infected leaves at first site was practiced to break the secondary disease cycle. Salicylic acid or similar defense inducing compounds that act through salicylic acid triggered immunity system was not found to be effective in cucumber-Pseudoperonospora cubensis system.
Metabolomics in Reproductive Medicine: General Principles and Applications to the Study of Gametes, Embryos and Follicular Fluid

After more than 30 years following the birth of Louise Brown, the field of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) is still burdened by low pregnancy rates and relatively high multiple pregnancy rates. Embryo selection is still based on morphological criteria and any new technologies that would increase the ability to identify the most viable gametes and embryos would certainly improve ART outcome. Metabolomic profiling of both gametes and embryos appears to be highly promising to achieve this goal. The review will focus on the several applications of metabolomics in ART, where this quantitative, non-invasive, rapid approach could result in the generation of metabolite markers with high clinical impact. Nevertheless, extensive validation studies are needed before embryo screening tests based on metabolomic profiling become available for clinical use.
Quasi-Z-source Inverter based Dynamic Voltage Restorer

DVR is a series connected custom power device, which is considered to be a cost effective alternative when compared with other commercially available voltage sag compensation devices. This paper presents a quasi Z-source inverter based dynamic voltage restorer and compares the size of the energy storage requirement of q-ZSI inverter with traditional VSI. The q-ZSI fed DVR has the unique advantages of wide range of voltage gain, lower component rating and constant dc current from the source. Analysis, Simulation and results are presented to demonstrate the proposed concept.
Fitness Implications of the Mating System and 
Reproductive Ecology of Tuatara

Sexual selection and reproductive strategies affect individual fitness and population genetic diversity. Long-standing paradigms in sexual selection and mating system theory have been overturned with the recent integration of behavioural and genetic techniques. Much of this theory is based on avian systems, where a distinction has now been made between social and genetic partners. Reptiles provide contrast to well-understood avian systems because they are ectothermic, and phylogenetic comparisons are not hindered by complicated patterns of parental care. I investigate the implications of the mating system and reproductive ecology on individual fitness and population genetic diversity of tuatara, the sole extant representative of the archaic reptilian order Sphenodontia. Long-term data on individual size of Stephens Island tuatara revealed a density-dependent decline in body condition driven by an apparently high population growth rate resulting from past habitat modification. Spatial, behavioural, and genetic data from Stephens Island tuatara were analysed to assess territory structure, the mating system, and variation in male fitness. Large male body size was the primary predictor of 1) physical access to females, 2) competitive ability, and 3) mating and paternity success. Seasonal monogamy predominates, with probable long-term polygyny and polyandry. Annually, male reproduction is highly skewed in the wild and in captivity. Over 80% of offspring from a captive population on Little Barrier Island were sired by one male and multiple paternity was found in approximately 18% of these clutches, although it was not detected in any wild clutch. The dominance structure has lead to reduced genetic variation in the recovering Little Barrier Island population. Stephens Island tuatara show fine-scale population genetic structuring that appears to be driven by past habitat modification and a sedentary lifestyle in the absence of sex-biased dispersal or migration. These results will improve conservation management of tuatara by providing guidelines for maximising genetic diversity of small and captive populations and will aid in selecting founders for translocated populations. Because of the archaic phylogenetic position of tuatara, this study provides a baseline for comparisons of mating system evolution in reptiles.
Pollinator visitation, floral display, and nectar production of the sexual morphs of a gynodioecious shrub

When more pollinator visits are required to remove pollen than are required to fertilize all of the ovules, male-functioning plants are expected under theory to allocate more resources to secondary floral structures and products. We found that for the gynodioecious shrub, Hebe stricta, there were no differences between the perfect-flowered («male») morph and the male-sterile («female») morph in many important aspects of their displays (number fo flowering shoots, number of flowers per inflorescence, timing of floral opening, size of corolla), but the flowers on the male morph had significantly larger anthers that extended a greater distance out of the floral tube (.)
Surface tension in ionic crystals

The calculation of surface tensions in crystals of NaCl type is described, with particular reference to the (100) planes. In the cases investigated, the surface tension was greater than the corresponding surface energy by a factor of about 5. An account is given of experimental work carried out to confirm the presence of these surface forces. The basis of the method used was the measurement of the unit-cell dimensions of small crystals compared with those of normal size. As the particle size is diminished, surface forces of the order of those calculated should cause a gradual change in the unit-cell dimensions which becomes measurable by standard X-ray powder technique before line broadening masks the effect. Samples of small crystals of magnesium oxide and sodium chloride, whose particle size was determined by means of the electron microscope and by measurement of line broadening, were prepared and were found to show changes in the unit-cell dimensions of the sign and order of magnitude expected, provided that surface layers of adsorbed gases were absent.
Preliminary study on antioxidant activity of flavone extractive from purslane

The total flavonoids content in purslane was determined by 75 percent alcohol extraction and column chromatography colorimetric. It was demonstrated that the total flavonoid in purslane was 7.63% using spectrophotometry. The extraction of flavonoids from purslane was studied and the antioxidant activity of the extracts towards free radical scavenging was evaluated, such as the superoxide aninon radicals and hydroxyl radicals. The results showed that the dosage of flavones was in direct proportion to the antioxidation. The antioxidative effect of flavonoids was better than ascorbic acid, rutin and β-carotene on equivalent condition. Flavonoids was a potential products of natural, safe and effective antioxidant. This study will provide scientific basis on producing medicinal components of flavonoids from purslane.
Effects of Selenium on the Germination of Tomato Seeds and Protective System against Active Oxygen under Salt Stress

A tomato was the experiment material in this study.The purpose was to explore the effects of putrescine on the tomato seed germination under NaC1 stress.The tomato cultivar shuangfeng87-5 and jiahe-2 were chosen as experiment material,which were soaked with different concentrations of selenium to determine the effects on tomato seeds under 100 mmol/L NaC1 stress.The results showed that,in the range of low concentrations,the germination rate,germination index,vigor index and Enzyme System increased,and MDA concentration decreased gradually with the rise of selenium concentration in seed soaking.Seeds soaked with appropriate concentration of selenium (0.004 mmo1/L) could promote the germination of tomato seeds under NaCl stress.The optimal effect could be obtained when the concentration of selenium reached 0.004 mmol/L.
Carrot (Daucus carota L . ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.) as source of antioxidants

Carrot (Daucus carota L. s sp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. ) is a significant source of vitamins (A, B, C) and beta carotene. Further it contains vitamins B, C, E, H, folic acid and pantothenic acid. Carrot is an important source of trace elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, S, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn). Consumption of carrot improves eyesight, lowers cholesterol and improves digestion. In this work we evaluated and compared content of total polyphenols, s-caroteneand antioxidant activity in five varieties of carrot (’Jitka’, Kardila’, Katlen , Rubina’ and Koloseum) Samples of carrot were collected at full maturity stages from area of Bardejov. Samples of fresh carrot were homogenized (25 g) in 50 ml 80 % ethanol and analysed after sixteen hours. The content of the total polyphenols was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). The content of s-carotene was determined spectrophotometricaly at 450 nm. Antioxidant activity was measured using a compound DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 515.6 nm using spectrophotometer. Total polyphenols content in samples ranged from 81.25 ± 13.11 mg/kg to 113.69 ± 11.57 mg/kg and content of s-carotenes ranged from 24.58 ± 2.38 mg/kg to 124.28 ± 3.54 mg/kg. We also evaluated and compared the antioxidant activity in selected varieties of ca rrot, which varied from 6.88 ± 0.92 % to 9.83 ± 0.62 %. Statistically si gnificant the highest value of total polyphenols was recorded in variety of Koloseum (113.69 ± 11.57 mg/kg). This variety is also character ized by the highest content of s- carotene (124.28 ± 3.54 mg/kg) as well as the highest value of antioxidant activity (9.83 ± 0.62 %).
Immunomodulatory Effect of Nigella sativa Extract through the Improvement of IL-1β Level in Balb-c Mice Infected by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Nigella sativa (NS) has been used for many years as an anti-bacterial herbal treatment, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but the mechanism in bacterial elimination is still unknown. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine that helps the immune system eliminate microbes when it enters the body. The purpose of this study was to prove the immunomodulatory effects of Nigella sativa extract through increased IL-1β in dealing with MRSA infections. The design of this study was post-test only control group design using 25 male Balb-c mice infected with MRSA and randomly divided into five groups. Group K was infected with MRSA without being treated. All treatment groups were given NS extracts in different doses for 7 days before being infected with MRSA. P1 was given N. sativa extract 0.05ml, P2 (was given NS extract 0.25ml, P3 was given 0.5ml NS extract, and P4 was given 0.75ml NS. On the 8th day, blood was taken from the retroorbital plexus for IL-1β level examination using ELISA. Statistical tests were done using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed the mean of IL-1β levels in group K was 11.65ng/L, P1 was 14.07ng/L, P2 was 16.66ng/L, P3 was 18.54ng/L, and P4 was 19.49ng/L which showed an increase in IL-1β levels along with the addition of black cumin dose although there was no difference between groups (p=0.578: ANOVA test). Nigella sativa extract is not proven effective in increasing IL-1β levels of Balb-c mice infected with MRSA.