Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic and environmental factors affecting the incidence of difficult calving and perinatal calf mortality in Israeli-Friesian dairy herds

Records of 178 593 monoparous births between 1964 and 1970 in Israeli-Friesian dairy cattle were analysed for information on environmental and genetic factors affecting calving difficulties and perinatal mortality. The incidence of difficult calvings (DC) and peri-natal calf mortality (PM) were 6·9 and 9·1% in heifer calvings, and 1·6 and 4·1% in cow calvings. Calving characters were not related t o heifer age nor cow parity, but there was a seasonal trend in heifer calvings, with both DC and PM being high in winter and low in summer calvings. Heritability estimates for calf-genotype effects on PM were 0·042 in heifer calvings and 0·013 in cow calvings. Heritability estimates for dam-genotype effects on PM were 0·018 and 0·004 respectively. Heritability estimates for DC were similar t o those for PM. The genetic correlations between DC and PM in the same class of calvings ranged between 0·8 and 0·9, while the environmental correlations were considerably lower, about 0·3. The genetic correlations between the calf-genotype effects in heifer and cow calvings were about 0·5, indicating that different factors may affect heifer and cow calvings. It is proposed that sires already proven for milk yield be tested for their calf effects in heifer calvings, using contemporary comparisons within herds and seasons. Results will be available when the sires are 6 to 6½ yr old. Sires causing fewest calving difficulties would be nominated for heifer matings, so that most heifer inseminations would be by sires proven for both yield and calving characters. Some long-term progress might be obtained if sires with a high incidence of difficulties in their heifer mates were not used to produce young sires.
Evidence for physical activity guidelines as a public health intervention: efficacy, effectiveness, and harm – a critical policy sciences approach

ABSTRACT Background: Evidence for the efficacy of physical activity in conferring health benefits is unequivocal, and this has led national governments to produce guideline recommendations for physical activity levels in their populations. Aim: To evaluate how far evidence for the efficacy, effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of current physical activity guideline recommendations as a public health intervention is considered in developing guideline recommendations, including a consideration of the extent to which, in comparison to alternatives, they may result in harm. Methods: Utilising a critical policy sciences approach, national physical activity guideline recommendations in Australia, the UK and the USA, and those of the World Health Organisation, are examined, along with their stated underlying evidence bases, to analyse what evidence has been considered, how it has been interpreted, for what purpose, and with what outcomes. Results: All current guidelines recommend 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week. However, efficacy evidence shows 60 minutes is sufficient to provide some health benefits. None of the guidelines considers effectiveness evidence nor potential effectiveness. No evidence could be found for the effectiveness of a recommendation of 150 minutes in improving population health, and none of the guidelines considers whether a recommendation at a lower but still sufficient level of efficacy (e.g. 60 minutes) would be a more effective public health intervention. Conclusions: Evidence considered in drawing up physical activity guidelines relates only to the efficacy of physical activity in conferring health benefits. The lack of effectiveness evidence, the failure to consider potential effectiveness, and related un-evidenced value judgements call into question the claim that the guidelines are evidence-based. Because neither effectiveness nor comparative effectiveness is considered, it is possible that current guidelines of 150 minutes may result in net harm to population health in comparison to the opportunity cost of recommendations at alternative levels.
Teachers' Perceptions Based on Tenure Status and Gender about Principals' Supervision.

This descriptive study assessed teachers' attitudes about their formative supervision and the observational ability of principals through the constructs of teacher tenure status and gender. In sum, 255 teachers responded to an online survey indicating teachers’ desired feedback focused on classroom climate, student engagement, and instructional strategies. Results indicated no discernible patterns in frequency and length to principals' formal and informal classroom observations based on teachers' tenure status or gender. However, non-tenured teachers were more willing to be observed and more positive about principals’ feedback than tenured teachers. Non-tenured teachers were also significantly more positive about principals' feedback about student engagement which led to these teachers feeling encouraged about principals' observations. Female teachers were also more positive about principals’ observations and feedback than male teachers; however, there were no significant differences between male and female teachers on the constructs measured.
Is Compartment Syndrome Risk a Contraindication to Regional Analgesia

Is Compartment Syndrome Risk a Contraindication to Regional Analgesia? Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) occurs when pressure within a closed space causes ischemia to the tissues within that space. It is relatively rare, with an incidence of 3.1 per 100,000, but it can be devastating if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The diagnosis of compartment syndrome is a clinical one, based primarily on the presence of pain out of proportion to the clinical situation, often worsened by muscle stretch. Based on a few case reports and case series, some, particularly in the orthopedic community, have suggested that regional anesthesia should be avoided in patients at risk for ACS. This is based on a concern that the analgesia from regional anesthesia may mask the hallmark sign of ACS, pain.
The geographical distribution of animals. With a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the earth's surface. By Alfred Russel Wallace.

Until the nineteenth century, the various subjects now known as the life sciences were regarded either as arcane studies which had little impact on ordinary daily life, or as a genteel hobby for the leisured classes. The increasing academic rigour and systematisation brought to the study of botany, zoology and other disciplines, and their adoption in university curricula, are reflected in the books reissued in this series.
壓力知覺對負面心理健康影響：靜坐經驗、情緒智能調節效果之探討

本研究主要探討靜坐經驗的有無與情緒智能的高低，是否能有效調節壓力知覺與負面心理健康（如軀體化症、焦慮和失眠、社交困難及嚴重憂鬱）間之關係。 本研究探橫斷面結構式問卷收集研究資料，總計施測500位受訪者。 所得資料以Pearson積差相關、單因子多變量分析及階層迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料處理。 結果發現靜坐經驗、情緒智能、壓力知覺及負面心理健康四者間確實有顯著相關，而且五年以上靜坐經驗者相較無靜坐經驗者，有較佳的情緒評估能力、較低的壓力知覺，以及較少焦慮和失眠症狀。 迴歸分析顯示，靜坐經驗、情緒智能（如樂觀王義／情緒調節、情緒運用）與壓力知覺對負面心理健康（如軀體化症、焦慮和失眠、社交困難及（或）嚴重憂鬱）是有顯著地預測能力。 惟「情緒運用」與負面心理健康（如軀體化症、焦慮和失眠及嚴重憂鬱）呈正向顯著，此結果異於西方文獻之證實。 另外，情緒智能（如樂觀王義／情緒調節、情緒評估、社交能力）與靜坐經驗對壓力知覺與負面心理健康（如焦慮和失眠）二者關係均具有顯著調節效果。
Predictors of rehospitalization for symptomatic venous thromboembolism after total hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that symptomatic venous thromboembolism after total hip arthroplasty most commonly develops after the patient is discharged from the hospital. Risk factors associated with these symptomatic thromboembolic events are not well defined. METHODS Using administrative data from the California Medicare records for 1993 through 1996, we identified 297 patients 65 years of age or older who were rehospitalized for thromboembolism within three months after total hip arthroplasty. We compared demographic, surgical, and medical variables potentially associated with the development of thromboembolism in these patients and 592 unmatched controls. RESULTS A total of 89.6 percent of patients with thromboembolism and 93.8 percent of control patients were treated with pneumatic compression, warfarin, enoxaparin, or unfractionated heparin, alone or in combination. In addition, 22.2 percent and 29.7 percent, respectively, received warfarin after discharge. A body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 25 or greater was associated with rehospitalization for thromboembolism, with an odds ratio of 2.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to 3.4). In a multivariate model, the only prophylactic regimens associated with a reduced risk of thromboembolism were pneumatic compression in patients with body-mass indexes of less than 25 (odds ratio, 0.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.6) and warfarin treatment after discharge (odds ratio, 0.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 1.0). CONCLUSIONS In patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty, a body-mass index of 25 or greater was associated with subsequent hospitalization for thromboembolism. Pneumatic compression in patients with a body-mass index of less than 25 and prophylaxis with warfarin after discharge were independently protective against thromboembolism.
Measurement of Nursing Workload and Nurse Practitioners' Contribution in Critical Care : A Resource-Based Relative Value Scale Approach

The aim of this study is to classify the advanced nursing practices of Critical Care Nurse Practitioners (CCNPs) and then to measure the nursing workload and contribution of CCNPs in critical care. Twenty practices were classified as advanced nursing practices of CCNPs. The workload for the practices of CCNPs was measured with the resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) and nursing time. The workload for the “maintenance and management of CRRT” was the highest among the 20 advanced nursing practices. “recruitment maneuver” had the lowest workload. The differences in the workload scores for the advanced nursing practices of CCNPs were more than 70 fold. The recognition of the contribution by CCNPs was investigated with the ‘13 item Performance Indicator’ developed by Kleinpell. Both nurses and CCNPs considered the contribution by CCNPs as great. The high level of awareness on contribution was indicated by staff education, patient education, improved medical management, and adherence to best-practice guidelines. The CCNP system is an effective way to improve the quality of care in intensive care units. For an active CCNP system, it is necessary to create a social reward system and to pass legislation that allows CCNPs to perform a variety of practices beyond current ones.
Human immunodeficiency virus prevention strategies in China

Abstract This paper reviews the current epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in China, particularly the globally available prevention strategies developed and implemented. This review focuses on HIV prevention measures in general, such as education, testing, and counseling and in specific responses to transmission modes, such as blood safety, harm reduction for people who inject drugs, and condom promotion to reduce sexual transmission. We also assess newly developed prevention measures, such as prevention treatment, pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis, male circumcision, and promising potential future preventions, including microbicides and vaccines. Based on this assessment, we provide recommendations for their implementation in China. We conclude that there is no magic bullet for HIV prevention, particularly sexual transmission of the disease, but only a combination of these prevention strategies can control the HIV epidemic.
Breastfeeding during breast milk jaundice - a pathophysiological perspective.

INTRODUCTION Exclusive breastfeeding for the initial six months of life is crucial and it is recommended . Breast milk jaundice is an innocuous condition that occurs in some healthy, breastfed infants. However, the potential dangers of jaundice in the neonate such as bilirubin induced neuronal pathology, mandates a better understanding of the pathophysiology of breast milk jaundice and the impact of breastfeeding during jaundice. In this context , advice on continued breastfeeding must consider both the benefits of breastfeeding and the possible disadvantages of the jaundice. METHODS Reviewing literature and integrating relevant information facilitated the appraisal of this important topic. This article reviewed neonatal jaundice, the entry of bilirubin into the immature brain and how breastfeeding may impact jaundice in the neonate. RESULTS While some substances in breast milk may be responsible for jaundice on the one hand, there is an irrefutable spectrum of advantages conferred by continued breastfeeding, on the other. As the breastfed infant benefits from fewer infections, enhanced organ and physiological barrier maturity, as well as the prospect of genetic modification of certain diseases, these useful actions could also reduce risks of early jaundice and its complications. DISCUSSION An exciting field for further research, holistic integration of knowledge clarifies both the overall advantages of breastfeeding and wisdom of its continued counsel. In fact, breast milk jaundice may reflect a holistic expression of tissue protection and enhanced neonatal survival.
Interactive ergonomic risk mapping: a practical approach for visual management of workplace ergonomics

Current studies identify an increasing need to develop enriched tools for ergonomic risk management that can foster an atmosphere enhancing commitment of all stakeholders to create a safe and heathy work environment using ergonomic principles. In this study, a new tool for visualization of ergonomic practices in the workplace is proposed. For developing this tool, an interactive ergonomic risk mapping (intERM) methodology is introduced consisting of five steps while integrating the company's strategic vision and helping to accommodate the impacts of changes in policy and regulatory context, economic and demographic environment, technology and employment context. The proposed systematic and practical methodology is demonstrated on a real-life example. This visual and interactive tool enables prompt identification of and reaction to ergonomic risks, anticipating changes for reducing/eliminating ergonomic risks, as well as increasing company-wide awareness for ergonomic risks and enhancing engagement and ownership of stakeholders.
Costless Performance Improvement in Machine Learning for Graph-Based Molecular Analysis

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted significant attention from the chemical science community because molecules can be represented as the featured graph. In particular, graph convolutional network (GCN) and its variants have been widely used and have shown a state-of-the-art performance in analyzing molecules, such as molecular label classification, drug discovery, and molecular property prediction. However, in the molecular analysis, existing GCNs have two fundamental limitations: 1) information of the molecular scale is distorted; 2) global structures in a molecule are ignored. These limitations can seriously degrade the performance in the machine learning-based molecular analysis because the scale and global structure of a molecule occasionally have a significant effect on the molecular properties. To overcome the limitations of existing GCNs, we comprehensively analyzed the limitations of GCNs and developed a costless solution for the limitations of GCNs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution, extensive experiments were conducted on various benchmark datasets.
A case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia detected in the rib after a sports injury Spor yaralanmasi sonrasi kaburgada tespit edilen bir monostotik fibröz displazisi olgusu

Kırk altı yaşındaki bir erkek hasta sağ yan göğüs ağrısı ile kliniğimize başvurdu. Hastanın üç ay önce güreş yaparken aynı bölgede incinme öyküsü vardı. Göğüs bilgisayarlı tomografisinde 6 cm çaplı, kalsifik inklüzyonu olan, kistik kaburga lezyonu saptandı. Lezyon eksizyonel biyopsi ile çıkarıldı. Patolojik inceleme sonucu fibröz displazi olarak bildirildi. Hasta ameliyat sonrası 3. günde sorunsuz olarak taburcu edildi. On ikinci aydaki kontrolünde hastalık tamamen düzelmişti ve nüks tespit edilmedi. Fibröz displazi bir veya birden fazla kemiği tutabilen yaygın bir doğuştan lezyondur. Bu yazıda, spor yaralanması sonrası gelişen bir monostotik kaburga fibröz displazisi olgusu sunuldu. Bu olgu literatürde kendi türünde sunulmuş ilk olgudur. Anah tar söz cük ler: Fibröz displazi; monostotik; spor yaralanması. A forty-six-year-old man with right lateral chest pain was admitted to our clinic. He had a history of a sports injury in the same region that had occurred while wrestling three months previously. Computed tomography of the chest showed a cystic rib lesion of 6 cm in diameter with calcific inclusion. The lesion was removed with excisional biopsy. The result of the pathological examination was reported as fibrous dysplasia. The patient was uneventfully discharged on the third postoperative day. At the 12-month follow-up, patient was fully recovered and no recurrence was detected. Fibrous dysplasia is a common benign congenital lesion that can involve one or more bones. In this article we present a case of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the rib which developed after a sports injury. This is the first case of its kind reported in the literature.
Disentangling population history and character evolution among hybridizing lineages.

Understanding the origin and maintenance of adaptive phenotypic novelty is a central goal of evolutionary biology. However, both hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting can lead to genealogical discordance between the regions of the genome underlying adaptive traits and the remainder of the genome, decoupling inferences about character evolution from population history. Here, to disentangle these effects, we investigated the evolutionary origins and maintenance of Batesian mimicry between North American admiral butterflies (Limenitis arthemis) and their chemically-defended model (Battus philenor) using a combination of de novo genome sequencing, whole genome resequencing, and statistical introgression mapping. Our results suggest that balancing selection, arising from geographic variation in the presence or absence of the unpalatable model, has maintained two deeply divergent color patterning haplotypes that have been repeatedly sieved among distinct mimetic and non-mimetic lineages of Limenitis via introgressive hybridization.
Cancer risk among career male and female Florida firefighters: Evidence from the Florida Firefighter Cancer Registry (1981-2014).

BACKGROUND Firefighters are at increased risk for select cancers. However, many studies are limited by relatively small samples, with virtually no data on the cancer experience of female firefighters. This study examines cancer risk in over 100,000 career Florida firefighters including 5000 + females assessed over a 34-year period. METHODS Florida firefighter employment records (n = 109 009) were linked with Florida Cancer Data System registry data (1981-2014; ~3.3 million records), identifying 3760 male and 168 female-linked primary cancers. Gender-specific age and calendar year-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals for firefighters vs non-firefighters were calculated. RESULTS Male firefighters were at increased risk of melanoma (aOR = 1.56; 1.39-1.76), prostate (1.36; 1.27-1.46), testicular (1.66; 1.34-2.06), thyroid (2.17; 1.78-2.66) and late-stage colon cancer (1.19;1.00-1.41). Female firefighters showed significantly elevated risk of brain (2.54; 1.19-5.42) and thyroid (2.42; 1.56-3.74) cancers and an elevated risk of melanoma that approached statistical significance (1.68; 0.97-2.90). Among male firefighters there was additional evidence of increased cancer risk younger than the age of 50 vs 50 years and older for thyroid (2.55; 1.96-3.31 vs 1.69; 1.22-2.34), prostate (1.88; 1.49-2.36 vs 1.36; 1.26-1.47), testicular (1.60; 1.28-2.01 vs 1.47; 0.73-2.94), and melanoma (1.87; 1.55-2.26 vs 1.42; 1.22-1.66) cancers. CONCLUSION Male career firefighters in Florida are at increased risk for five cancers with typically stronger associations in those diagnosed younger than the age of 50, while there was evidence for increased thyroid and brain cancer, and possibly melanoma risk in female firefighters. Larger cohorts with adequate female representation, along with the collection of well-characterized exposure histories, are needed to more precisely examine cancer risk in this occupational group.
Metabolic Pathway Analysis and Effectiveness of Tamoxifen in Danish Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Tamoxifen and its metabolites compete with estrogen to occupy the estrogen receptor. The conventional dose of adjuvant tamoxifen overwhelms estrogen in this competition, reducing breast cancer recurrence risk by nearly half. Phase I metabolism generates active tamoxifen metabolites, and phase II metabolism deactivates them. No earlier pharmacogenetic study has comprehensively evaluated the metabolism and transport pathways, and no earlier study has included a large population of premenopausal women. Methods: We completed a cohort study of 5,959 Danish nonmetastatic premenopausal breast cancer patients, in whom 938 recurrences occurred, and a case–control study of 541 recurrent cases in a cohort of Danish predominantly postmenopausal breast cancer patients, all followed for 10 years. We collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks and genotyped 32 variants in 15 genes involved in tamoxifen metabolism or transport. We estimated conventional associations for each variant and used prior information about the tamoxifen metabolic path to evaluate the importance of metabolic and transporter pathways. Results: No individual variant was notably associated with risk of recurrence in either study population. Both studies showed weak evidence of the importance of phase I metabolism in the clinical response to adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Conclusions: Consistent with prior knowledge, our results support the role of phase I metabolic capacity in clinical response to tamoxifen. Nonetheless, no individual variant substantially explained the modest phase I effect on tamoxifen response. Impact: These results are consistent with guidelines recommending against genotype-guided prescribing of tamoxifen, and for the first time provide evidence supporting these guidelines in premenopausal women.
CaMKII Modulates the Cardiac Transient Outward K+ Current through its Association with Kv4 Channels in Non-Caveolar Membrane Rafts.

BACKGROUND/AIMS To test whether the physiological regulation of the cardiac Kv4 channels by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is restricted to lipid rafts and whether the interactions observed in rat cardiomyocytes also occur in the human ventricle. METHODS Ventricular myocytes were freshly isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Ito was recorded by the whole-cell Patch-Clamp technique. Membrane rafts were isolated by centrifugation in a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The presence of the proteins of interest was analysed by western blot. Immunogold staining and electron microscopy of heart vibrosections was performed to localize Kv4.2/Kv4.3 and CaMKII proteins. Protein-protein interactions were determined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments in rat and human ventricular mycoytes. RESULTS Patch-Clamp recordings in control conditions and after lipid raft or caveolae disruption show that the CaMKII-Kv4 channel complex must associate in non-caveolar lipid rafts to be functional. Separation in density gradients, co-immunoprecipitation and electron microscopy show that there are two Kv4 channel populations: one located in caveolae, that is CaMKII independent, and another one located in planar membrane rafts, which is bound to CaMKII. CONCLUSION CaMKII regulates only the Kv4 channel population located in non-caveolar lipid rafts. Thus, the regulation of cardiac Kv4 channels in rat and human ventricle depends on their subcellular localization.