Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of fat-carbohydrate interaction in skeletal muscle during intense aerobic cycling.

Six male subjects received either a saline (control) or Intralipid infusion during 30 min rest and 15 min cycling at 85% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) to examine the regulation of fat-carbohydrate interaction (glucose-fatty acid cycle) in skeletal muscle. Muscle biopsies were sampled immediately before and at 3 and 15 min of exercise in both trials. A muscle biopsy was also taken at -30 min rest in the Intralipid trial. Intralipid infusion significantly elevated plasma free fatty acids above control during rest (0.21 +/- 0.04 to 0.94 +/- 0.09 mM) and exercise (5 min: 1.27 +/- 0.15 mM; 15 min: 1.42 +/- 0.13 mM). Muscle glycogen degradation was significantly lower in the Intralipid trial (109.7 +/- 29.3 vs. 194.7 +/- 32.1 mmol/kg dry muscle). Muscle lactate accumulation after 15 min was similar in both trials (control, 60.7 +/- 12.2 and Intralipid, 60.9 +/- 12.4 mmol/kg dry muscle). Muscle citrate increased at rest during Intralipid (0.32 +/- 0.06 to 0.58 +/- 0.06 mmol/kg dry muscle) but was not different between trials at 3 min (control, 0.73 +/- 0.07 and Intralipid, 0.68 +/- 0.06 mmol/kg dry muscle) and 15 min of cycling. Resting acetyl-CoA was unaffected by Intralipid and increased similarly in both trials at 3 min of cycling (control, 59.0 +/- 10.3 and Intralipid, 50.7 +/- 13.6 mumol/kg dry muscle) and remained unchanged at 15 min. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity increased five- to sevenfold during exercise and was similar in both trials (15 min: control, 2.42 +/- 0.30 and Intralipid, 2.79 +/- 0.41 mmol.min-1 x kg wet wt-1). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Congenital heart disease in supernumerary der(22), t(11;22) syndrome

Congenital heart disease occurred in 62% of the reported cases of supernumerary der(22) syndrome. These were most commonly acyanotic lesions such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus. Heart disease did not, however, appear to be a major determinant of survival.
A Novel Trust Model in E-Commerce

This paper theoretically studied the issue of trust in E-Commerce business. Firstly, we established a dynamic game model to analyze conditions required for reaching a long-term equilibrium of trust, by introducing the concept of ESS equilibrium. Secondly, we designed a diffusion mechanism of trust with an algorithm, which helped us understand the process of how the stable equilibrium of trust would be reached. Our findings are as follows: (1) under unfavorable conditions like weak trust incentives, distrust in E-Commerce business is prevalent, even after a trust evaluating system has been established; (2) some factors, including payoff difference between honest traders and dishonest traders, the number of traders choosing the trust strategy and convenience of information exchange between traders, determine the diffusion process of trust in this business. With regard to the findings aforementioned and the sustainable development of E-Commerce business in China, we provide some policy suggestions, like increasing comparative advantage in payoffs received by honest traders, reinforcing regulation on entry permission, and investing more in technology or devices to promote information exchange between traders.
EMF acts on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to promote differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes

The use of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) to treat nonunion fractures developed from observations in the mid‐1900s. Whether EMF directly regulates the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), differentiating into osteoblasts or adipocytes, remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of sinusoidal EMF of 15 Hz, 1 mT in differentiation along these separate lineages using rat bone marrow MSCs. Our results showed that EMF promoted osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells and concurrently inhibited adipocyte formation. EMF increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation, and stimulated osteoblast‐specific mRNA expression of RUNX2, ALP, BMP2, DLX5, and BSP. In contrast, EMF decreased adipogenesis and inhibited adipocyte‐specific mRNA expression of adipsin, AP‐2, and PPARγ2, and also inhibited protein expression of PPARγ2. These observations suggest that commitment of MSCs into osteogenic or adipogenic lineages is influenced by EMF. Bioelectromagnetics 31:277–285, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Einsatzpotenziale der Blockchain im Energiehandel

1.4 Einsatzszenarien im Energiehandel 21 1.4. 1 Die Blockchain im Energiesektor heute 21 1.4. 2 Szenario 2020: Evolutionärer Einsatz der Blockchain 22 1.4. 3 Disruptive Auswirkung auf die physische Abwicklung von Handelstransaktionen 25 1.4. 4 Disruptive Auswirkung auf die finanzielle Abwicklung 26 1.4. 5 Disruptive Auswirkung auf den Handel: Peer-to-Peer Trading ohne Broker 28 1.4. 6 Szenario 2030: Ein perfekter Energiemarkt 32 1.4. 7 Welche Blockchain-Technologie eignet sich für den Energiehandel? 40 1.4. 8 Abschließende Betrachtungen 41
Pricing Methods for E-Content Servers

Network E-Content Servers • QoS-enabled networks are becoming more prevalent – Making resource sensitive applications truly plausible • An example is Video on Demand (VoD) systems – A server can offer a variety of videos to customers – Videos are encoded and provided at different rates (QoS) – Videos require different resource amounts for transmission • The server has a fixed amount of bandwidth available – Which videos should be transmitted to whom?
Effect of COX-1/COX-2 Inhibition versus Selective COX-2 Inhibition on Coronary Vasodilator Responses to Arachidonic Acid and Acetylcholine

The effect of a nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, naproxen, was compared with a COX-2-selective inhibitor (SC-58236) on coronary vasodilatory responses in the anesthetized dog. Coronary vasodilation was induced by direct intracoronary injection of acetylcholine (ACH) and arachidonic acid (AA) in control animals and in those treated with either naproxen (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg p.o. 24 h prior to the experiment) or SC-58236 (1, 5, or 15 mg/kg p.o. 24 h prior to the experiment). Naproxen, at 10 mg/kg, significantly attenuated the AA-induced vasodilation (prostacyclin dependent) with no effect on ACH-induced vasodilation (nitric oxide dependent). SC-58236 failed to attenuate either AA- or ACH-induced vasodilation. Ex vivo assays were utilized to establish inhibition of COX-2 (lipopolysaccharide-stimulated prostaglandin E2 formation) and COX-1 (serum thromboxane B2) in blood taken from dogs administered 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg naproxen or 15 mg/kg SC-58236. Naproxen (3 and10 mg/kg) and SC-58236 (15 mg/kg) markedly reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 formation, whereas SC- 58236 (15 mg/kg) had no effect on serum thromboxane B2. Naproxen significantly reduced thromboxane B2 at all three doses studied. Furthermore, naproxen (10 mg/kg p.o.) significantly inhibited the AA-induced platelet aggregation (thromboxane B2 dependent), whereas SC-58236 had no effect. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SC-58236 is selective for COX-2, while naproxen is a nonselective inhibitor. These data also suggest that vasodilatory responses to AA in the dog are primarily COX-1 dependent. Selective COX-2 inhibition does not affect either prostacyclin or nitric oxide mediated vasodilation in the canine coronary circulation.
Heterogeneity in Control of mRNA Stability by AU-rich Elements*

AU-rich elements (AREs), located in the 3′-untranslated region of unstable cytokine and chemokine mRNAs, promote rapid decay of otherwise stable mRNAs and may mediate selective mRNA stabilization in response to stimulation with interleukin-1 (IL-1). AREs vary considerably, however, in both size and sequence context. To assess the heterogeneity involved in control of mRNA stability by ARE motifs, human mRNA sequences from IL-1α-stimulated HEK293 cells and T98G cells were screened for either instability or stability using both cDNA (950 ARE containing sequences) and Affymetrix oligonucleotide (U95Av2 GeneChip) array analysis. Although ARE-containing mRNAs exhibited a broad range of stability, IL-1α promoted stability in a subset of mRNAs that were unstable when transcriptionally induced by tumor necrosis factor α. Stabilization of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor and IL-8 mRNAs by IL-1α was achieved only after 2 h of stimulation, required ongoing protein synthesis, and depended on the activation of p38 MAPK. In contrast, stabilization of Gro3 mRNA in response to IL-1α was achieved immediately and was insensitive to inhibitors of protein synthesis and p38 MAPK activation. In concert, these findings demonstrate that ARE sequences are functionally heterogeneous; only a subset of unstable mRNAs is sensitive to stabilization by IL-1α. Moreover, IL-1α promotes stabilization of unstable mRNAs through distinct mechanistic pathways that distinguish between specific mRNA sequences.
Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship: The Case of Porto Region

This chapter provides a summarized and objective re iew over the relationships among innovation, socia l innovation, entrepreneurship, social entrepreneursh ip, new business models (NBM), and product (good, service, idea) value and sustainability (economic, social, ecological, and psychological). A study has been done in Porto region through interviews with 13 soc ial innovators and entrepreneurs, in order to evalu ate those relationships. The conceptual base for analys is is the theories developed by Jonker (2012) and Carvalho & Jonker (2015). It has been concluded tha t m rket-oriented social innovation has a crucial r ole in the development social entrepreneurship. Moreove r, th se NBM should be adjusted to population needs towards societal well-being, by combining creation of shared value, co-creation of value, and multiple value creation. Thus, the value set (social innovat i n) contributes to economic, social, ecological, a nd psychological sustainability, and consequently to h uman, social and territorial development.
Impact of individual decision-making styles on marketing information system based decision-making

Marketing information system (MIS) enables data processing and transformation of data into valuable information that results in a more effective decision-making from which companies benefit. However, human aspect is still an influential factor in the decision-making process. We conceptualize a connection between decision-making styles of employees, inherent in their habits and practices, and marketing innovation system based on the decision-making process. Through a detailed literature review, a link between spontaneous, individual, rational and dependent decision-making styles with quality and speed of MIS decision-making has been conceived and constructed. We suggest that decision-making styles influence both quality and speed of the decision-making process. Furthermore, quality and speed of MIS decision-making have a positive influence on radical and incremental marketing innovation. This study enriches the body of literature that focuses on the human-technology interaction and is valuable for companies implementing and using MIS to make business decisions.
Abnormal positive potentials in round window electrocochleography.

OBJECTIVE To describe an atypical waveform, termed an abnormal positive potential (APP), on round window electrocochleograms (RW ECochG) of children and to relate its occurrence to clinical history. STUDY DESIGN APPs were identified prospectively, and a retrospective analysis was made of these patients' clinical histories, audiograms, and auditory outcomes (hearing aid, cochlear implant, or nonauditory communication) SETTING Tertiary referral teaching hospital, day surgery and clinics. PATIENTS All 431 children <110 months of age suspected of a severe to profound hearing loss who underwent RW ECochG from January 1993 to August 1997. INTERVENTION Diagnostic RW ECochG for auditory threshold estimation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The presence on the RW ECochG of the APP: an early positive potential in the absence of a compound action potential (CAP). RESULTS An APP was observed in 34 children. The APP was most marked in response to clicks and 8-kHz tones. The APP click threshold averaged 70 dB hearing loss. The brainstem evoked potential of these children showed an absence of waves, or a broad positive wave with no subsequent waves. Twenty-nine of 30 behavioral audiograms obtained were indicative of severe to profound hearing loss. Auditory outcomes were available from 26 children; 45% of them derived no help from a hearing aid, and 8 children received a cochlear implant. Clinical factors frequently associated with APP were prematurity in combination with kemicterus or hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS APP thresholds were lower than neural thresholds or behavioral thresholds. Children with APP need close follow-up, because half of those studied needed nonauditory strategies to develop effective communication.
Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus, a Deficiency in Insulin

The plasma insulin, growth hormone, nonesterified fatty acids and glucose responses to the oral ingestion of glucose, the intravenous administration of tolbutamide and the infusion of arginine were studied in fourteen newly diagnosed juvenile diabetic children. Fasting plasma insulin levels did not differ significantly between diabetic and normal children, although the mean fasting blood glucose level of the diabetic children was threefold greater than that of the normal subjects No detectable plasma insulin response was observed in the diabetic subjects during all three tests. Fasting plasma growth hormone levels and plasma growth hormone responses were similar in both normal and diabetic children. The fasting free fatty acid level of the diabetic children was significantly higher than in normal children, but fell during all three tests. With use of a variety of sensitive procedures, no antibodies to human insulin were demonstrable in the sera of newly diagnosed juvenile diabetics.
A new automatic S-onset detection technique ; application in microseismic data analysis

Automatic S-wave onset time identification constitutes a difficult problem for seismologists, due to the increased level of seismic energy by P-coda waves, before the S-wave arrival. Most of the algorithms that have been proposed up to now, are mainly based on the polarization features of the seismic waves. In this work we propose a new time domain technique for the automatic determination of the Sphase arrival onsets, and present its implementation on three-component single station data. Over small time windows, the eigenproblem of the covariance matrix is solved and the eigenvalue, corresponding to the maximum eigenvector is retained for further processing. In this way we obtain a time series of maximum eigenvalues, which serves as a characteristic function, whose statistical properties provide a first Sphase arrival time estimation. A multiwindow approach combined with an energy-based weighting scheme is also applied, in order to reduce the algorithm’s dependence on the moving window’s length and provide a weighted S phase onset. Automatic picks are compared against manual reference picks, resulting in sufficiently good results, regarding the accuracy as well as noise robustness.
E-commerce Platforms and International Trade: A Large-Scale Field Experiment ∗

Information technology facilitates trillion-dollar international trade. This paper studies whether the eﬃciency of IT-enabled trade on e-commerce platforms can be improved by integrating export logistic services. Exploiting a site-wide randomized experiment on eBay, I show that integrating the service of handling customs clearance and international shipping prof-itably increased cross-border trade on eBay by 2.9% to 12.3% through the extensive margin of export. The increase comes from “disadvantaged” groups where export entry costs are pro-hibitive: Small and medium sellers, distant countries
More Energy and Less Work, but New Crises: How the Societal Metabolism-Labour Nexus Changes from Agrarian to Industrial Societies

The scientific finding that humanity is overburdening nature and thus risks further ecological crises is almost uncontroversial. Main reason for the crises is the drastic increase in the societal metabolism, which is accomplished through labour. In this article, we examine the societal metabolism-labour nexus in two energy regimes: a valley in the Ethiopian highlands, typical of an agrarian society, and a village in Austria, typical of an industrial society. In the Ethiopian village, the supply of food demands almost the entire labour force, thus limiting the capacity to facilitate material flows beyond food provision. In the Austrian village, fewer working hours, lower workloads but 50 times higher useful energy allow to accumulate stocks like buildings 70 times higher than the Ethiopian case. With fossil energy, industrial societies decisively expand their energy supply and reduce labour hours at the cost of high carbon emissions, which are almost non-existent in the Ethiopian case. To overcome the resulting ecological crises, there is a call to drastically reduce fossil fuel consumption. Such an abandonment of fossil fuels might have as far reaching consequences for the societal metabolism-labour nexus and consequently human labour as the introduction of fossil fuels has had.
Development of a Class of Distributed Termination Detection Algorithms

Accessing and updating information in a self organizing data structure in a distributed environment requires execution of various distributed algorithms. Design of such algorithms is often facilitated by the use of a distributed termination detection algorithm superimposed on top of another distributed algorithm. The problem of distributed termination detection is considered, and message counting is introduced as an effective technique in designing such algorithms. A class of efficient algorithms, based on the idea of message counting, for this problem is presented. After termination has occurred, it is detected within a small number of message communications. These algorithms do not require the FIFO (first in, first out) property for the communication lines. Assumptions regarding the connectivity of the processes are simple. The algorithms are incrementally developed, i.e. a succession of algorithms leading to the final algorithms is presented. >
Retinoids as chemopreventive agents

Retinoids are promising agents for cancer chemoprevention. The myriad effects of retinoids on biological processes including development, differentiation, homeostasis, carcinogenesis and apoptosis are mediated through their molecular targets, the retinoid and rexinoid receptors. Tissue specific expression patterns, ligand specificities, receptor numbers, their distinct functions and functional redundancy make retinoid signaling highly complex. The cross-talks of these receptors with cell surface receptors signaling pathways, as well as their interactions with multiple co-activators and co-repressors further add to the complexity of the pleiotropic effects of retinoids. Elucidation of retinoid signaling pathways and indepth understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the anti-proliferative and apoptotic action of retinoids has paved the way for designing synthetic retinoids for effective chemoprevention and therapy of cancer. Development of receptor selective synthetic retinoids is a major focus of molecular retinoid development. Other new avenues encompass identification of novel retinoid regulated genes, orphan-receptor ligands/functions, novel retinoid mechanisms involving receptor-independent apoptosis inducing activity and synergistic combinations with other agents for cancer prevention and therapy. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the action of retinoids and retinoid molecular targeting studies designed primarily to develop retinoids with reduced toxicity, while maintaining or enhancing activity in context of chemoprevention. The clinical efficacy of retinoid based chemoprevention trials is discussed.
The constancy of the internal environment: proteins in plasma

The simple fact that there are normal concentrations of various proteins and peptides in blood has broad and surprising implications for how these molecules are released into and removed from the bloodstream by the cells of the body. If, as widely accepted, vesicle transport mechanisms such as exocytosis and endocytosis account for these events, then complex, presently unknown and seemingly unlikely mechanisms must exist to coordinate the rates of separate transport processes. The basis for this conclusion as well as the sole alternative method of transport, movement across permeable membranes, are discussed. Rothman, S. The constancy of the internal environment: proteins in plasma. FASEB J. 19, 1383–1388 (2005)
Why Consumers Hesitate to Shop Online: Perceived Risk and Product Involvement on Taobao.com

Abstract Heralded as one of the fastest-growing regions in e-commerce sales, Asia has received increasing attention from online retailers as a promising e-commerce market. Therefore, to provide better insight into Asian online marketplaces, this study focuses on Taobao.com (hereafter referred to as “Taobao”), a major Chinese online marketplace, and attempts to shed light on consumers’ perceptions of Taobao. More specifically, this study examines (a) what consumers in China think about Taobao as an online marketplace when purchasing high- or low-involvement products; (b) what types of risk are associated with each product; and (c) how online consumers’ risk perceptions consequently influence both their trust toward Taobao and their purchase intention. Multidimensional perceived risks (financial, privacy, product, security, social/psychological, time) were considered in the research. Participants were 217 Chinese university students. The results indicate that product risk and social/psychological risk were negatively associated with consumers’ trust and purchase intention, regardless of their degree of product involvement. Interestingly, financial risk was positively related to trust and purchase intention. Findings are discussed with managerial implications, followed by limitations and future studies.