Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BIODIVERSITY OF ARCHAEA IN MANZALA LAKE IN EGYPT BASED ON 16S rRNA GENE

A first molecular genetic study was done on the diversity of archaeal communities in two sites, Bashtir and Genka, of the Manzala Lake, Egypt, based on culture-independent 16S rRNA gene analysis. Bulk microbial DNAs were extracted from surface water and sediment samples collected from both the two studied sites. The archaeal 16S rRNA gene was positively amplified from the DNAs of all samples by PCR. The amplicons were cloned and analyzed directly by sequencing followed by statistical and phylogenetic analyses. The results recorded 6, 10, 16 and 9 archaeal phylotypes in Bashtir water, Genka water, Bashtir sediment and Genka sediment, respectively. Based on Libshuff pairwise clone library comparisons, the 16S rRNA gene phylotypes from Bashtir sediment encompassed the phylotypes of Genka sediment, while the phylotypes of Genka sediment accounted only a minor portion of those of Bashtir sediment. The recovered phylotypes from water samples showed phylogenetic differentiation from those from sediment samples, an observation implicating the phylogenetic distinction between water and sediment archaeal communities. Several recovered phylotypes from water and sediment samples located in the phylogenetic branch of the phylum Euryarchaeota. On the other hand, the phylum Crenarchaeota characterized, mainly, the phylotypes recovered from sediment samples. In the term of affiliation to species, several phylotypes, mainly from water samples, closely related to known Euryarchaeotic methanogenic species Methanothrix soehngenii, Methanospirillum hungatei and Methanocorpusculum labreanum, implying uncommon occurrence of methanogens in surface waters. The Crenarchaeota- like phylotypes affiliated to the thermophilic species Thermofilum pendens and Staphylothermus achaiicus, implicating the global distribution of those species in even moderately temperate habitats like that of Manzala. Most of the recovered phylotypes belonged to unculturable archaeal species. Several recovered phylotypes from water and sediment samples grouped into unique phylogenetical clusters, suggesting new archaeal phyla and classes characterizing the sampling sites. The success of this study was identification of the total composition of archaeal communities in the studied sites and the discovery of novel archaeal species, that never recorded by traditional techniques
Parameter Optimization of Friction Stir Welding For Aluminium Alloy

In this paper, parameter of friction stir welding of marine grade aluminium alloy 5083 and high strength aluminium alloy 2024 T3 have to be predicted. The present work shows that different types of alloy materials have highest effect on mechanical properties of the specimens taken from welded zone. They were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Rockwell hardness respectively and are optimize with TOPSIS method to predict the parameter of welding joints.
How small-scale variation in oyster reef patchiness influences predation on bivalves

As oyster fishing continues to degrade reef habitat along the US Atlantic coast, oyster reefs appear increasingly fragmented on small spatial scales. In outdoor mesocosms, experiments tested how consumption of representatives of 4 different bivalve guilds by each of 3 mesopredators varies between continuous and fine-scale patches of oyster reef habitat. The mesopredator that fed least (stone crab) exhibited no detectable change in consumption on any bivalve (ribbed mussel, bay scallop, hard clam, and 3 size classes of eastern oyster). Consumption of bay scallops by both blue crabs and sheepshead fish was greater in small patches than in continuous oyster reef habitat. Of the bivalve guilds tested, only the scallop possesses swimming motility sufficient to reduce predation, an escape response that would likely leave the bivalve protected within structured habitat in larger con- tinuous oyster reefs. Sheepshead consumed more small oysters in the continuous habitat than in the fine patches, while no other predator-prey interaction exhibited differential feeding as a function of habitat patchiness. Consequently, predation by mesopredators on bivalves can vary with the scale of oyster reef patchiness, but this process may depend upon the bivalve guild. Understanding the role of habitat patchiness on fine scales may be increasingly important in view of the declines in apex predatory sharks leading to mesopredator release, and global climate change directly and indirectly enhancing stone crab abundances, thereby increasing potential predation on bivalves.
To feed or not to feed in palliative medicine

The problem of malnutrition concerns most patients in the advanced stages of cancer. Nutrition and food are synonymous with the continuation of life for patients and their families and friends. In this paper, the methods of oral, enteral and parenteral nutrition are discussed, together with their advantages and the controversies connected with them and their effects on survival time and the quality of life.
A STUDY ON ONLINE ACTIONS OF ECOTOURISTS VISITING NATURE BASED ATRACTIONS IN KUALA LUMPUR

Ecotourism is considered as an important facet of sustainable tourism development discourse. Eco-tourists’ are found to be driven by motivations of acquiring and exchanging knowledge in relation to ecological aspects as a part of their educational and learning elements of ecotourism. Another important motivation for eco-tourists is to engage in socializing activities while in an ecotourism experience that provides the main platform for knowledge exchange among them. Such knowledge exchange can often encompass dialogue on ecological protection, sustainable development issues and ethical consumption in ecotourism. Social media which is an online platform for social interactions and has the potential to provide socialization and knowledge sharing opportunities to eco-tourists beyond their ecotourism experiences. This chapter puts forward a case on the role of social media in providing a platform for dialogue on ecological stewardship through socialization and knowledge sharing opportunities it provides in the context of eco-tourists’ visit to Kuala Lumpur.
The Constitution of Somaliland: The Problem of Constitutional Generations and Clan Dissolution

This paper outlines the history, formation and general principles of the 2001 Somaliland Constitution. The people of Somaliland declared independence from Somalia in 1991 returning to the boundaries that had marked the British Protectorate of Somaliland until 1960, holding successful democratic elections, and establishing peace and stability, becoming an exception state within a wartorn region. In a contribution to the sociology of law and the wider knowledge of Somaliland this paper outlines the unifying principles within the Constitution, principles that are taken from the unity of religion (Islam), and the desire to exercise unity in diversity through traditional institutions of conflict resolution with the inclusion of universal principles of human rights law.
Free Time Motivation and Physical Activity in Middle School Children

This study examined free time motivation and physical activity in 68 middle school children from a rural public school system (N = 24) and a private school located in the same area of the Midwest (N = 44). Results indicated that free time motivation did not explain variability in physical activity behavior during free time or while students were in school (p > .01). A school (private vs. public) x gender comparison indicated that males had higher activity levels than females during free time and while in school, F(1, 67) = 8.43, p . 05) on free time minutes of MVPA. Males from the study participated in 56 minutes per day while wearing activity monitors, approximating the 60 minutes recommended by health experts, t = -1.028, p > . 05, n = 30. Female values were significantly below this Department of Health and Human Services recommendation at 32 minutes per day, t = -7.31, p < . 01, n = 38.
Clinical and Hematological Features of 335 Patients of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Diagnosed at Single Centre in Northern Pakistan

There are no studies regarding analysis of clinical and haematological features of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) from Pakistan. This study analyzes the data of patients suffering from CML, reporting to a major referral Institute in Northern Pakistan in the past 6 years and 3 months. CML constitutes approximately 80% of all myeloproliferative disorders, with a peak incidence between 21-50 years of age, and a male:female ratio of 2:1. Anaemia and massive splenomegaly were the main clinical features found in 92% and 47% patients respectively. There was significant correlation between anaemia and WBC counts with degree of splenomegaly. Three percent of all CML patients presented as de novo accelerated phase, and another 3% presented as blast crises without any previous history of chronic phase. The ratio of myeloid and lymphoid blast crisis was 2:1. Median duration of chronic phase in patients on hydroxyurea treatment was 6 years. Thirty six percent of patients in chronic phase of CML belonged to intermediate and high risk according to Sokal and Hasford scoring systems. In contrast to the Caucasian populations where the peak incidence of the disease is in 6th to 7th decade, CML occurs in Pakistan in a much younger population, with a broad peak between 21-50 years of age. Patients present in fairly advanced disease because of poor access to health care facilities, due to non-affordability and lack of health insurance coverage.
EFFECT OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL WAVE NUMBER ON STABILITY OF SUSPENSION FLOW

The linear stability analysis is carried out for the suspension flow of spherical particles between a rotating inner cylinder and a stationary concentric outer cylinder. The mass conservation equation and Navier-Stokes equation are applied to the continuous fluid phase and the particle phase. Results of stability analysis show that the increase of wave number in the circumferential direction attenuates the effect of the axial wave number on the amplification factor. The ratio of particle density to fluid density increasing above 0.1 amplifies the flow instability, while it can be weakened with higher circumferential direction wave number. Effect of the critical Taylor number on the amplification factor is reduced by increasing the circumferential direction wave number. The flow stability is affected by the geometry of flow field (the radius ratio) at non-zero circumferential direction wave numbers.
Pathways of personality development: following Lev Vygotsky’s guidelines

Dmitry Leontiev - Ph D. , Dr. Sc. , Professor, Head of International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, National Research University Higher School of Economics. E-mail: dmleont@gmail.com Anna Lebedeva - Ph D. , Senior Research Fellow, International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, National Research University Higher School of Economics. E-mail: anna.alex. lebedeva@gmail.com Vasily Kostenko - Research Fellow, International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation, National Research University Higher School of Economics. E-mail: vasily.kostenko@gmail.comAddress: 20 Myasnitskaya St., 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation.The paper presents a theoretical reconstruction of Lev Vygotsky"s project on theory of personality development and highlights Vygotsky"s relevance and heuristic value for the personality psychology of our days, especially positive psychology. The authors focus on several aspects of Vygotsky"s heritage. 1. The general concept of personality within a non-classical framework. 2. The idea of self-mastery as the central explanatory concept and its relation to the modern concept of agency. 3. The role of self-reflective awareness in personality development. 4. Personality development pathways in challenging conditions. In Vygotsky"s works personality was implicitly constructed as the most integral higher mental function, while self-mastery or self-regulation was its central feature. Vygotsky"s principle of mediation states that the structure of human activity is mediated by physical or mental tools that break the S - R links and make it possible to master one"s own behavior and mental processes. By utilizing speech as a system of signs that enables the process of mastering the psychosocial reality, self-reflection makes a new basis for more complicated forms of higher mental processes that possesses more degr ees of freedom as compared with the lower ones. The law of compensation is discussed in the context of aggravated conditions of personality development, where personality answers to social boundaries, and thus achieves alternative trajectories of development. The sociocultural paradigm is thus consistent with modern thought on positive and personality psychology.
Response of heterotrophic and autotrophic microbial plankton to inorganic and organic inputs along a latitudinal transect in the

The effects of inorganic and/or organic nutrient in- puts on phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria have never been concurrently assessed in open ocean oligotrophic com- munities over a wide spatial gradient. We studied the effects of potentially limiting inorganic (nitrate, ammonium, phos- phate, silica) and organic nutrient (glucose, aminoacids) in- puts added separately as well as jointly, on microbial plank- ton biomass, community structure and metabolism in five mi- crocosm experiments conducted along a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic Ocean (from 26 N to 29 S). Primary production rates increased up to 1.8-fold. Bac- terial respiration and microbial community respiration in- creased up to 14.3 and 12.7-fold respectively. Bacterial production and bacterial growth efficiency increased up to 58.8-fold and 2.5-fold respectively. The largest increases were measured after mixed inorganic-organic nutrients ad- ditions. Changes in microbial plankton biomass were small as compared with those in metabolic rates. A north to south increase in the response of heterotrophic bacteria was ob- served, which could be related to a latitudinal gradient in phosphorus availability. Our results suggest that organic mat- ter inputs will result in a predominantly heterotrophic ver- sus autotrophic response and in increases in bacterial growth efficiency, particularly in the southern hemisphere. Subtle differences in the initial environmental and biological condi- tions are likely to result in differential microbial responses to inorganic and organic matter inputs.
Effect of fumaric acid on diet digestibility and the caecal environment of growing rabbits

L'addition d'acide fumarique a deux doses distinctes (5 et 10 g par kg, LFA et HFA) dans le regime de lapins en croissance a ete comparee, en termes de digestibilite apparente des nutriments et de contenu caecal, a l'addition d'une dose sub-therapeutique de bacitracine-zinc (25 ppm, BAC) et a un traitement temoin (CTL). La digestibilite de la matiere seche (DMD) et celle de la matiere organique (OMD) n'ont pas ete significativement differentes entre les regimes contenant l'acide fumarique et les regimes BAC et CTL, seules des differences ont ete observees entre les regimes LFA et HFA (DMD : P = 0,05 et OMD : P = 0,07). La digestibilite des parois (NDF) n'a pas ete affectee par les traitements (P < 0,10) alors que la quantite d'azote microbien ingeree issue des caecotrophes a eu tendance a etre plus elevee (P = 0,09) avec les regimes LFA et HFA et a augmenter avec la dose d'acide fumarique. Bien qu'aucune difference n'ait ete mise en evidence entre les regimes pour le nombre total de bacteries dans le contenu caecal, la concentration des bacteries amylolytiques a ete superieure avec les regimes LFA et HFA comparativement au regime BAC (P =0,08).
The Potential for Habitat Creation around Offshore Wind Farms

The growth of offshore renewable energy generation is the biggest expansion of development in the marine environment in recent years, with offshore wind farms at the forefront of this. Due to its favourable wind resource, Europe in particular is rapidly expanding its portfolio of offshore wind energy generation; however, the rest of the world is also beginning to take advantage of this natural resource. This is due, in part, to the fact that Europe, especially the north-west region, has ideal conditions for development, due to the high offshore wind levels, and the fact that its coasts slope gently away from the land. This means that water depths increase relatively slowly in most areas, making conditions highly suitable for offshore construction (Ackermann and Soder, 2002). In addition to this, the offshore wind environment is much more reliable than onshore wind, as it is less turbulent, and has a higher energy density. This is due to the convection caused by the differential heating and cooling of the land and sea over the daily cycle, making the offshore zone generally windier. Further offshore, the lack of surface roughness adds to average wind speeds, further increasing energy efficiency. It is estimated that an offshore wind farm can generate around 50% more electricity than can be generated from an equivalent sized land-based development (Linley et al., 2007). In the UK, the development of offshore wind energy generation has been undertaken in a series of Rounds. In April 2001, following a detailed consultation and application process, eighteen ‘Round 1’ sites were announced, with a maximum of 30 turbines (BWEA, 2005). Whilst these projects were in the planning stages, further consultation was undertaken, discussing topics which would be critical to future development, such as the consents process, legal frameworks and the electrical infrastructure required for future projects. Three Strategic Areas in UK waters were identified, with fifteen projects being granted permission to submit formal applications under ‘Round 2’. In January 2010, a further nine zones were allocated to developers through a competitive application process, under ‘Round 3’. On top of these, there have also been Round 2 extensions granted for certain projects, and a number of sites granted exclusivity agreements to apply for development in Scottish Territoral Waters. In 2008, the UK overtook Denmark to become the world-leader in generating energy from offshore wind (Jha, 2008). With current UK emphasis on the construction of Round 2 projects, and the early development phases of Round 2 extensions, Round 3 and Scottish Territorial Waters projects, there is the potential for thousands more turbines to be installed
Mobile Handset Buying Behavior of Different Age and Gender Groups

The prime objective of the study was to understand the variation in the importance given by different age and gender groups to the select factors while buying mobile handsets in India. The study concludes that the mobile handset users of age group of 18-30 years are less price sensitive than consumers of other groups; rather they consider ‘physical appearance’, ‘brand’, ‘value added features’, and ‘core technical features’ more important than users of any other age groups. On the contrary, the consumers of age group 50 years and above have given greater importance to ‘price’ than consumers of other age groups. There were significant differences between different age groups as regards to the importance given to all the factors except ‘post - purchase services’. The difference was highest for the ‘brand’ closely followed by ‘core technical features’ of the handset. Gender differences have also existed for these factors.
The Hardware System of Online-teaching Database System Based on FPGA and Multi-core DSP

These online-teaching database systems are generated from online transactions, emails, videos, audios, images. They are stored in databases grow massively and become difficult to capture, form, store, manage, share, analyze and visualize via typical database software tools. The adventure of large amount of data and real-time requirements presents great challenges using traditional desktop computers. In this paper, to tackle the specific problem with a critical requirement of 10ms for whole data processing pipeline, we proposed a high performance embedded system as opposed to personal computer. Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) for data transferring from computer to Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed to solve the problem, and a custom-designed dual-port dual-channel RAM to realize simultaneous data exchange and data processing which was implemented using a 6-core Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The hardware system was designed and tested the performance of individual modules as well as the integration of them as a whole. We reported a total time using such pipeline of 7.5ms, meeting the critical requirement and demonstrating its feasibility in practical application.
Application of Coase Theorem to Analyze the Welfare Gain and Loss in a Conflict of Herders' Damage in Croppers' Land at the Adamawa Region of Cameroon

By applying the Coase theorem, this paper attempts to solve a conflict of land management between croppers producing maize on land and herders who breed cattle that needs land to graze on in the Adamawa region of Cameroon. The results indicate that, the herders commit maximum damage when their cattle destroys 3 tons/ha of maize and a compromise is reached when 1.2 tons/ha of crops are damaged. At the latter point, the socially efficient damage is achieved because the herders’ marginal benefit is equal to the croppers’ marginal damage cost (120 million FCFA/ha), so that the net social benefit is 48 million FCFA/ha. From the socially efficient damage, any one ton increase or decrease of crops’ damage would induce the net social benefit to decline from 48 to 14.66 million FCFA/ha. Hence, to safeguard a socially efficient welfare, the government should encourage negotiated solutions between herders and croppers in such region where integrated crop-livestock farming systems are common.
School Resources and Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature from 1990 to 2010. NBER Working Paper No. 17554.

Developing countries spend hundreds of billions of dollars each year on schools, educational materials and teachers, but relatively little is known about how effective these expenditures are at increasing students’ years of completed schooling and, more importantly, the skills that they learn while in school. This paper examines studies published between 1990 and 2010, in both the education literature and the economics literature, to investigate which specific school and teacher characteristics, if any, appear to have strong positive impacts on learning and time in school. Starting with over 9,000 studies, 79 are selected as being of sufficient quality. Then an even higher bar is set in terms of econometric methods used, leaving 43 “high quality” studies. Finally, results are also shown separately for 13 randomized trials. The estimated impacts on time in school and learning of most school and teacher characteristics are statistically insignificant, especially when the evidence is limited to the “high quality” studies. The few variables that do have significant effects – e.g. availability of desks, teacher knowledge of the subjects they teach, and teacher absence – are not particularly surprising and thus provide little guidance for future policies and programs.