Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa in British Blacks

Thirteen black patients were referred over 5 years to the eating-disorders unit at the Maudsley Hospital. Two suffered from anorexia nervosa and 11 from bulimia nervosa. This group was compared with a matched white control group from the total clinic population during that period. The Blacks had more commonly experienced parental divorce or separation, and premorbid obesity, and were more likely to be referred by the emergency services. Their lower educational achievements, and fathers of lower socio-economic status, reflected variation among the general black and white populations in this country, but their educational levels and social statuses were higher than in the general black population.
Clear-sky biases in satellite infrared estimates of upper tropospheric humidity and its trends

[1] We use microwave retrievals of upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) to estimate the impact of clear-sky-only sampling by infrared instruments on the distribution, variability, and trends in UTH. Our method isolates the impact of the clear-sky-only sampling, without convolving errors from other sources. On daily time scales, IR-sampled UTH contains large data gaps in convectively active areas, with only about 20–30 % of the tropics (30°S–30°N) being sampled. This results in a dry bias of about −9 %RH in the area-weighted tropical daily UTH time series. On monthly scales, maximum clear-sky bias (CSB) is up to −30 %RH over convectively active areas. The magnitude of CSB shows significant correlations with UTH itself (−0.5) and also with the variability in UTH (−0.6). We also show that IR-sampled UTH time series have higher interannual variability and smaller trends compared to microwave sampling. We argue that a significant part of the smaller trend results from the contrasting influence of diurnal drift in the satellite measurements on the wet and dry regions of the tropics.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS: A DRIVE FOR ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 INTRODUCTION 4 CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BASIS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS 5 GENETICS 5 CLASSES OF MUTATIONS 6 BIOGENESIS & MUTATIONS 7 THE CFTR PROTEIN 11 DIAGNOSTICS 14 PRENATAL SCREENING 14 NEWBORN SCREENING (NBS) 15 TYPICAL SCREENING THROUGH IRT AND DNA TESTING 16 FECAL ELASTASE 17 NASAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE 17 TREATMENTS 18 BASIC DEFECT TREATMENTS 18 CFTR POTENTIATORS 18 CFTR CORRECTORS 19 GENE REPLACEMENT 19 TRANSLATIONAL READTHROUGH 20 RESPIRATORY TREATMENTS 20 AIRWAY CLEARANCE THERAPY 21 PREVENTION & TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE 22 NUTRITION 22 CONCLUSION 24 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 24 REFERENCES 25
The hunger hormone ghrelin in cachexia

Cachexia is characterized by reduced food intake, muscle and adipose tissue loss associated with increased energy expenditure. Cachexia is highly prevalent and represents one of the main causes of increased morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life in chronic diseases. Ghrelin plays an important role in stimulating and controlling hunger and maintaining energy homeostasis acting on central nervous system and on peripheral tissues. Most of the studies have been conducted in experimental settings and in cancer and uremic patients, showing interesting results in the treatment of cachexia. Further investigations are mandatory to obtain more definitive and conclusive results.
The distribution and density of receptor subtypes for endothelin‐1 in peripheral lung of the rat, guinea‐pig and pig

1 Quantitative autoradiographic studies were conducted to determine the distributions and densities of endothelin‐A (ETA) and ETB receptor subtypes in peripheral lung alveolar wall tissue of the rat, guinea‐pig and pig, with a view to assessing the potential suitability of these tissues as models for investigations of ET receptor function in human alveolar tissue. 2 High levels of specific [125I]‐ET‐1 binding were detected in peripheral lung components from all three species tested. In mature porcine alveolar wall tissue, specific binding increased in a time‐dependent manner to a plateau, consistent with the previously described pseudo‐irreversible binding of this ligand to a finite population of specific binding sites. 3 [125I]‐ET‐1 was associated specifically with both ETA and ETB binding site subtypes in alveolar wall tissue of foetal pig lung as early as 36 days gestation, raising the possibility of a functional role for ET‐1 in lung development. In addition, both ETA and ETB binding site subtypes were detected in alevolar wall tissue and in peripheral airway smooth muscle of mature lung parenchyma from all three species. However, the binding subtype proportions differed in these tissues. For example, in porcine peripheral bronchial smooth muscle, ETA sites apparently predominated, whereas ETB sites constituted the major subtype detected in alveolar wall in this species. These data suggest significant shifts in ET receptor subtype expression at different levels in the respiratory tract. 4 ET binding site subtype proportions in the alveolar wall also differed markedly between species. In rat lung alveoli, ETA and ETB sites were detected in similar proportions (52±3% and 43±5% respectively). In contrast, in guinea‐pig peripheral lung, ETB binding sites clearly predominated, constituting approximately 80% of total specific binding, with ETA sites accounting for only 12%. Porcine alveolar wall tissue also contained a mixture of these ET receptor subtypes, with ETA and ETB binding comprising 23±3% and 65±1% respectively of the total population of specific binding sites detected. These latter proportions are similar to values previously obtained in human peripheral lung tissue, suggesting that porcine lung might be a useful model of the human peripheral lung in subsequent studies of the functions of these pulmonary ET receptor subtypes.
Retracted: LPA2 Is Required for Efficient Assembly of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis thaliana

Biogenesis and assembly of photosystem II is mainly regulated by nuclear-encoded factors. This work reports the identification of a nuclear-encoded factor LPA2 that is involved in efficient photosystem II assembly, probably through direct interaction with photosystem II core protein CP43. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of photosystem II (PSII) assembly, we characterized the low psii accumulation2 (lpa2) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is defective in the accumulation of PSII supercomplexes. The levels and processing patterns of the RNAs encoding the PSII subunits are unaltered in the mutant. In vivo protein-labeling experiments showed that the synthesis of CP43 (for chlorophyll a binding protein) was greatly reduced, but CP47, D1, and D2 were synthesized at normal rates in the lpa2-1 mutant. The newly synthesized CP43 was rapidly degraded in lpa2-1, and the turnover rates of D1 and D2 were higher in lpa2-1 than in wild-type plants. The newly synthesized PSII proteins were assembled into PSII complexes, but the assembly of PSII was less efficient in the mutant than in wild-type plants. LPA2 encodes an intrinsic thylakoid membrane protein, which is not an integral subunit of PSII. Yeast two-hybrid assays indicated that LPA2 interacts with the PSII core protein CP43 but not with the PSII reaction center proteins D1 and D2. Moreover, direct interactions of LPA2 with Albino3 (Alb3), which is involved in thylakoid membrane biogenesis and cell division, were also detected. Thus, the results suggest that LPA2, which appears to form a complex with Alb3, is involved in assisting CP43 assembly within PSII.
High expression of Bfl‐1 contributes to the apoptosis resistant phenotype in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

In order to identify regulatory genes involved in the development of an apoptosis‐resistant phenotype in patients with chemotherapy refractory B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) expression of apoptosis‐regulating genes in B‐CLL cells was quantified using cDNA arrays and RT‐PCR. Data were obtained from and compared between 2 groups of B‐CLL patients with either nonprogressive, indolent, previously untreated disease and with leukemic cells sensitive to in vitro fludarabine‐induced apoptosis, referred to as sensitive B‐CLL (sB‐CLL) or with progressive, chemotherapy refractory disease and with leukemic cells resistant to in vitro fludarabine‐induced apoptosis, referred to as resistant B‐CLL (rB‐CLL). By performing a supervised clustering of genes that most strongly discriminated between rB‐CLL vs. sB‐CLL a small group of genes was identified, where bfl‐1 was the strongest discriminating gene (p < 0.05), with higher expression in rB‐CLL. A group of apoptosis‐regulating genes were modulated during induction of apoptosis by serum deprivation in vitro in a similar manner in all cases studied. However, bfl‐1 was preferentially downregulated in sB‐CLL as compared to rB‐CLL (p < 0.05). We conclude that bfl‐1 may be an important regulator of B‐CLL apoptosis, which could contribute to disease progression and resistance to chemotherapy, and as such represent a future potential therapeutic target. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse L cells express a molecular complex carrying the human epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies 44D7 and 44H7 after DNA-mediated gene transfer.

In a previous study, we isolated from the non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, HOON, a molecular complex comprised of a minimum of two polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds and expressing two distinct epitopes, 44D7 and 44H7. The DNA from the HOON cell lines has been co-transfected with the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene into mouse L cells. By using a flow cytometer, a stable thymidine kinase-positive cell population expressing both 44H7 and 44D7 antigens of the human leukemic cells has been generated by repeated sorting of cells reactive with monoclonal antibody 44H7. After three sequential sorting experiments, cloned cell lines were established, and a subclone designated 3D5 has been additionally characterized. Greater than 90% of the 3D5 cells stained positively with monoclonal antibodies 44H7 and 44D7 and with 4F2, which reacts with an epitope identical or spatially related to that seen by 44D7. The ratio of antigenic density 4F2:44D7 calculated from the relative fluorescence indices was similar on the HOON leukemic cells and on the 3D5 transfectant cells. However, 3D5, which was selected with antibody 44H7, expressed a higher ratio of 44H7:44D7 than did the HOON cells. The molecular complex carrying these epitopes was isolated from a 3D5 cell extract on a column of 44D7-IgG-Sepharose and was additionally purified by immunoprecipitation. Although several polypeptide chains were present in the immunoprecipitates, the major polypeptide band had an apparent m.w. of 127,000 under nonreducing conditions. After reduction, three bands of apparent m.w. 91,000, 38,000, and 33,000 appeared. The presence of the 91,000 and 38,000 subunits linked by disulfide bonds was also observed for the 44D7 antigen isolated from HOON cells, whereas the polypeptide of apparent m.w. 33,000 was only seen in immunoprecipitates of the transfectant cell extracts. Because the antigen expressed in the transfectants is associated with a multimeric complex containing disulfide-linked subunits, it is possible that only the gene encoding one of the polypeptide chains, namely that carrying the epitopes, was in fact transfected. This HOON gene product could be one subunit associating with murine subunits encoded by genes of the L cell. Alternatively, the antigenic complex may be the product of closely linked genes transfected together, or of a single human gene that is modified post-translationally to create a disulfide-linked complex.
The Benefits of Intraoperative Small-Dose Ketamine on Postoperative Pain After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair

In a randomized, double-blinded study with three parallel groups, we assessed the analgesic effect of intraoperative ketamine administration in 45 ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing elective arthroscopic anterior ligament repair under general anesthesia. The patients received either IV ketamine 0.15 mg/kg after the induction of anesthesia and before surgical incision and normal saline at the end of surgery (PRE group); normal saline after the induction of anesthesia and before surgical incision and IV ketamine at the end of surgery (POST group); or normal saline at the beginning and the end of surgery (CONT group). Anesthesia was performed with propofol (2 mg/kg for induction, 60–200 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 for maintenance), sufentanil (0.2 &mgr;g/kg 10 min after surgical incision, followed by an infusion of 0.25 &mgr;g · kg−1 · h−1 stopped 30 min before skin closure), vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg), and 60% N2O in O2 via a laryngeal mask airway. Postoperative analgesia was initially provided with IV morphine in the postanesthesia care unit, then with IV patient-controlled analgesia started before discharge from the postanesthesia care unit. Pain scores, morphine consumption, side effects, and degree of knee flexion were recorded over 48 h and during the first and second physiotherapy periods, performed on Days 1 and 2. Patients in the ketamine groups required significantly less morphine than those in the CONT group over 48 h postoperatively (CONT group 67.7 ± 38.3 mg versus PRE group 34.3 ± 23.2 mg and POST group 29.5 ± 21.5 mg;P < 0.01). Better first knee flexion (CONT group 35 ± 10° versus PRE group 46 ± 12° and POST group 47 ± 13°;P < 0.05) and lower morphine consumption (CONT group 3.8 ± 1.7 mg versus PRE group 1.2 ± 0.4 mg and POST group 1.4 ± 0.4 mg;P < 0.05) were noted at first knee mobilization. No differences were seen between the PRE and POST groups, except for an increase in morphine demand in the PRE versus the POST group (P < 0.05) in the second hour postoperatively. Implications We found that intraoperative small-dose ketamine reduced postoperative morphine requirements and improved mobilization 24 h after arthroscopic anterior ligament repair. No differences were observed in the timing of administration. Intraoperative small-dose ketamine may therefore be a useful adjuvant to perioperative analgesic management.
Eligibility and willingness of young Icelandic women to participate in a HPV vaccination trial

Background and aims. Cervical cancer is an important health problem worldwide, and the incidence of preinvasive cervical cancer is increasing among young sexually active women. The causal association between human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer makes it theoretically possible to eradicate the disease through vaccination. The aim of this study was to analyze the eligibility and willingness of 18–23‐year‐old Icelandic women to participate in a vaccination trial to prevent HPV infection and to assess knowledge of HPV.
Human immunodeficiency virus testing in patients with newly-diagnosed tuberculosis in Singapore.

INTRODUCTION Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the most well-known risk factor for the development of tuberculosis (TB). The joint statement by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends that all patients with TB undergo testing for HIV infection after counselling. We looked at physician compliance with this recommendation in Singapore. METHODS A retrospective review of the case records of all patients diagnosed with microbiologically-proven TB between September 2005 and December 2006 (inclusive) at the Singapore General Hospital was conducted. RESULTS Between September 2005 and December 2006, 493 patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis at our institution. HIV testing was performed in 184 patients (37.3 percent), of whom 15 (8.2 percent) was seropositive. Univariate analysis showed that an age equal to or younger than 60 years, male gender, non-pulmonary tuberculosis, inpatient location at diagnosis, and having an infectious diseases physician as the attending doctor were all significantly associated with HIV testing (p-value is less than 0.05). CONCLUSION Compliance with HIV testing in all newly-diagnosed tuberculosis patients is poor, with less than 40 percent of patients being tested at our institution. We need to address the factors associated with failure to test, and reinforce to our physicians the importance of HIV testing in these patients.
Asthma and COPD in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency. Evidence for the Dutch Hypothesis

ABSTRACT This review summarizes the current information on the relationship between severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), asthma and COPD. AATD is a genetic predisposition to the development of early COPD in susceptible individuals and reduction in known factors that enhance lung function loss is the paramount aim of management. Asthma is one controllable condition that leads to the accelerated decline in lung function. Current literature indicates that asthma signs and symptoms are common in those AATD with or without COPD and that bronchodilator response is a risk factor for FEV1 decline. Furthermore AATD itself predisposes to airway hyper responsiveness, an essential ingredient for reversible airflow obstruction. In the absence of well-characterized markers to distinguish COPD from asthma, clinical diagnosis leads to a delay in the recognition that asthma symptoms such as wheezing can be an early manifestation of COPD in AATD. In addition failure to appreciate asthma overlap in AATD may lead to inadequate suppression of airway inflammation leading to the development of airflow obstruction. The implications of this are discussed as are potential approaches and recommendations for treatment.
Pour un transfert des savoirs lexicographiques

Les savoirs impliques dans l’activite lexicographique sont avant tout de nature professionnelle. Il s’agit de connaissances et de competences theoriques et pratiques, developpees au cours des siecles par les lexicographes et que l’on associe presque exclusivement a la tâche de redaction de dictionnaires ou de bases de donnees lexicales. Dans ce texte, nous proposons d’envisager les savoirs lexicographiques de facon beaucoup plus generale, en portant plus particulierement notre attention sur le domaine de l’enseignement et apprentissage de la langue. Nous procederons en trois etapes. Tout d’abord, nous expliciterons ce que nous entendons par savoirs lexicographiques (connaissances linguistiques impliquees, principes descriptifs et methodologiques, etc.). Nous detaillerons ensuite les raisons qui nous poussent a envisager l’exploitation de ces savoirs dans le contexte de l’enseignement de la langue. Finalement, nous illustrerons notre propos a partir des travaux que nous avons entrepris pour une exploitation pedagogique des notions et principes de la Lexicologie Explicative et Combinatoire (LEC).
First International Workshop on Quantitative Methods in Software Product Line Engineering

The objective of this workshop is to bring together researchers and practitioners to report and discuss the challenges and opportunities for integrating quantitative methods in product line engineering with the objective of achieving both technical and business goals. In particular, we are seeking contributions that, on the one hand, deal with product line estimation and metrics for the effective management of product line projects, and on the other hand, provide some insight into new trends in value-based product line engineering.
Analysis and Implementation of a Hybrid High-Power-Factor Three-Phase Unidirectional Rectifier

This paper describes the conception and analysis of a unidirectional hybrid three-phase rectifier suitable for medium- and high-power applications. The rectifier is composed of a single-switch diode bridge boost-type rectifier in parallel with a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) three-phase unidirectional boost rectifier. The objective is to obtain a structure capable of providing sinusoidal input currents with low harmonic distortion and dc output voltage regulation. The diode rectifier operates at low frequency and has a higher output power rating. Therefore, the PWM unidirectional rectifier is designed to operate with a small power rating and at a high switching frequency. The total harmonic distortion of the proposed structure varies between 0% and 32%, depending only on the amount of power processed by the PWM three-phase unidirectional rectifier. The rectifier topology conception, principle of operation, control scheme, and simulation and experimental results of a 20-kW laboratory prototype are also presented in this paper.
Body Temperature Responses in Spinal Cord Injured Individuals During Exercise in the Cold and Heat

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of arm exercise on the heat balance in spinal cord-injured (SCI) individuals with complete lesions at ambient temperatures of 10 and 35 degrees C. Four SCI with a high lesion (> or = T6) (SCI-H), seven with a low lesion (< T6) (SCI-L), and ten able-bodied controls (AB) performed arm-cranking exercises at 40 % of the maximal power output for 45 min, once in 10 degrees C and once in 35 degrees C. Oxygen uptake, rectal temperature, and skin temperature (chest, upper arm, thigh, calf) were measured at rest and 15, 30, and 45 min after the onset of exercise. Metabolism, heat production, skin temperature, mean body temperature (a combination of rectal and skin temperature), and body heat content were calculated. Heart rate at 10 degrees C was 103 b/min in SCI-H, 120 in SCI-L and 112 in AB, while in 35 degrees C, heart rate was 112 b/min in SCI-H, 144 in SCI-L and 134 in AB. The increase in rectal temperature in 35 degrees C was larger in SCI-L (+ 0.07 degrees C) and SCI-H (+ 0.08 degrees C) than in AB (+ 0.06 degrees C). The decrease in mean body temperature at 10 degrees C was larger in SCI-H (33.0 +/- 0.68 degrees C) than in SCI-L (33.6 +/- 0.29 degrees C) and AB (34.5 +/- 0.31 degrees C). During exercise in 35 degrees C, mean body temperature increased in all three groups. The increase in body temperature in SCI-L was larger than in AB. During exercise in 10 degrees C, body heat content decreased in SCI-H (80.0 +/- 15.1 kJ) and SCI-L (89.2 +/- 9.1 kJ) but remained constant in AB (97.0 +/- 16.1 kJ). During exercise in 35 degrees C, body heat content increased in all three groups. The increase in body heat content after exercising in 35 degrees C was not significantly different between the three groups. In summary, mean body temperature and body heat content in the cold decreased in SCI, despite exercising. In the heat, mean body temperature and body heat content seems to increase more in SCI than in AB. We can conclude that SCI are at a greater risk for a disturbed heat balance during exercise in the cold and in the heat than AB. Both in the cold and in the heat, precautions should be taken even earlier and be more intensive for SCI than for AB.
8-Methoxypsoralen Plus Ultraviolet A Therapy Acts via Inhibition of the IL-23/Th17 Axis and Induction of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Involving CTLA4 Signaling in a Psoriasis-Like Skin Disorder

To elucidate the molecular action of 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA (PUVA), a standard dermatological therapy, we used K5.hTGF-β1 transgenic mice exhibiting a skin phenotype and cytokine abnormalities with strong similarities to human psoriasis. We observed that impaired function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and increased cytokine levels of the IL-23/Th17 pathway were responsible for the psoriatic phenotype in this mouse model. Treatment of K5.hTGF-β1 transgenic mice with PUVA suppressed the IL-23/Th17 pathway, Th1 milieu, as well as transcription factors STAT3 and orphan nuclear receptor RORγt. PUVA induced the Th2 pathway and IL-10–producing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs with disease-suppressive activity that was abolished by anti-CTLA4 mAb treatment. These findings were paralleled by macroscopic and microscopic clearance of the diseased murine skin. Anti–IL-17 mAb treatment also diminished the psoriatic phenotype of the mice. This indicated that both induced Tregs involving CTLA4 signaling and inhibition of the IL-23/Th17 axis are central for the therapeutic action of PUVA.