Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caries dental y maloclusiones en infantes con labio y/o paladar hendido

Una de las anomalías craneofacial más comunes es la del labio y/o paladar hendido, generando como una de la patología más común, entre estos pacientes es la caries. Con base, en lo expuesto, se propuso en este artículo evaluar la prevalencia de caries dental y maloclusiones en pacientes con labio y/o paladar hendido. La metodología fue de tipo cuantitativa y descriptivo, con un diseño de corte bibliográfico documental. La población la constituyeron 22 historias clínicas de pacientes con la patología de labio y/o paladar hendido, que reposan en los Servicios de Odontopediatria del hospital Vozandes en la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador. El análisis de la información y datos obtenidos, posterior a la revisión de las historias clínicas, determino que el 93% de los pacientes presentaban caries dental y el 92% presento alguna maloclusion. Entre sus conclusiones, se pudo determinar que existe una relación altamente significativa de dependencia entre la caries dental y los pacientes con alguna maloclusion en pacientes con labio y/o paladar hendido.
Tests for the Prevention of Thalassemia Major in the Couples Referring to Behbahan Health Center, Iran During 2006-2016

a Research Center of health science, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. b MS in Community Education, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. c Nutrition Research Center , Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. d Department of Public Health, Behbahan University of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
Analysis of Salt-Containing Biofilms on Limestone Buildings of the Mayan Culture at Edzna, Mexico

Biofilms on the salted ceiling of a limestone tunnel at the Mayan site of Edzna, Mexico, were characterised using SEM, EDS, chemical analysis, light microscopy, culture and pigment analysis. Major superficial biomass was pigmented, scytonemin-rich Subsection II cyanobacteria. Main endolithic phototrophs were Subsection I and II cyanobacteria and the alga Nanochlorum. Bacteria and actinomycetes of the Geodermatophilus, nocardioform, and streptomycete groups were present at all levels. Salt crystals, mainly sulfates, were found throughout the stone. Microbial ion transport, metabolite production, chelation, and water retention caused degradation and salt deposits. Exfoliation is the major erosion process.
Downward flux of organic matter and pigments in Lake Kinneret (Israel): relationships between phytoplankton and the material collected in sediment traps

Sedimentation rates of organic materials and algal pigments were measured by near-bottom traps in Lake Kinneret (Israel) throughout 2006. Pigment composition in the epilimnion and in the traps was compared by trap-to-water indices (TWIs) based on the proportion of a given pigment to the concentration of b-carotene. The appearance of particular pigment in traps was associated with its ability to decompose and be transferred to the trap. The relative lability of pigments increased in the following order: b-carotene. lutein+zeaxanthin. Chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll a. echinenone. fucoxanthin. Chlorophyll c. peridinin. A seasonal variability, pertaining to the thermal stratification in the lake was observed in the TWI; it showed highest values during holomixis, and lowest after an establishment of anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion. Bacteriochlorophyll e was one of the dominant pigments in traps from mid-July to mid-September, when the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides formed dense populations in the metalimnion. Using chlorophyllous pigments as a proxy for biomass, we evaluated the possible contribution of Ch. phaeobacteroides to the total sedimentation flux of all photosynthesizing organisms on an annual basis. The proportion of freshly fixed carbon in the downward flux changed seasonally, depending on the composition of the phytoplankton and thermal stratification, and was on average 22% of primary productivity at the lake centre.
Instant Customer Base Analysis: Managerial Heuristics Often “Get it Right”

Recently, academics have shown interest and enthusiasm in the development and implementation of stochastic customer base analysis models, such as the Pareto/NBD model and the BG/NBD model. Using the information these models provide, customer managers should be able to (1) distinguish active customers from inactive customers, (2) generate transaction forecasts for individual customers and determine future best customers, and (3) predict the purchase volume of the entire customer base. However, there is also a growing frustration among academics insofar as these models have not found their way into wide managerial application. To present arguments in favor of or against the use of these models in practice, the authors compare the quality of these models when applied to managerial decision making with the simple heuristics that firms typically use. The authors find that the simple heuristics perform at least as well as the stochastic models with regard to all managerially relevant areas, except for predictions regarding future purchases at the overall customer base level. The authors conclude that in their current state, stochastic customer base analysis models should be implemented in managerial practice with much care. Furthermore, they identify areas for improvement to make these models managerially more useful.
CONSERVATION OF CHANGING LANDSCAPES: VEGETATION AND LAND‐USE HISTORY OF CAPE COD NATIONAL SEASHORE

The pervasive impact of historical land use is often underappreciated in the management and restoration of conservation areas and natural resources. We used historical and ecological approaches to determine the relative influences of past land use, fire, and site conditions on woodland vegetation patterns in Cape Cod National Seashore (CACO), the largest protected coastal landscape and area of sand-plain vegetation in New England. Coastal sand plains are the focus of intense conservation activity because they support uncommon plant and animal assemblages that are dynamic as a result of past disturbance and ongoing human impacts. CACO was predominantly wooded prior to extensive land clearance for historical ag- riculture. Historical maps and modern soil profiles indicate that by the mid-19th century, -44% of the area supporting sand-plain woodlands in CACO was plowed for crops or pasture, 42% was logged repeatedly but never cleared, and 14% was open and subjected to diverse uses. Relationships between modern vegetation and 19th-century land use are striking and largely independent of site conditions. Continuously wooded areas support pine-oak woodlands with abundant ericaceous shrubs, whereas previously plowed sites have less canopy oak, more pine, few ericaceous shrubs, and a distinct understory including the grass Deschampsia flexuosa and the shade-intolerant shrub Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Current composition and historical sources suggest that past agriculture generated extensive heathland and grassland habitats, much of which has subsequently reforested. In contrast to many interpretations and management guidelines, the persistent influence of fire is prin- cipally on the canopy composition and structure of former woodlots. The results highlight a need (1) to integrate an understanding of past land use into ecological models underlying the management of biological reserves; and (2) to consider the use of management ap- proaches that mimic past agricultural practices in order to maintain and restore important sand-plain habitats.
Dermatological manifestations in diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the common endocrine disorder, which affects all ages and socioeconomic groups. The prolonged hyperglycemia may responsible for the diabetic complications. Multiple factors contribute to the onset of cutaneous manifestations in diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to study the pattern of various cutaneous manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Dermatology, Diabetic Clinic of a teaching tertiary care centre hospital. A total of 120 subjects were included in this study. Patients were selected on the basis of dermatological signs and/or symptoms. Detailed history and clinical examination with special emphasis on dermatological complaints and signs was done for all the study subjects. Under aseptic conditions, blood samples were collected and used for the estimation of blood glucose, bacterial infections- Gram stain and isolation of organism by culture, fungal infections- KOH (potassium hydroxide) mount, Gram stain (for Candida) and isolation of organism by culture. Skin biopsies were performed wherever necessary. Results: In the present study, 120 subjects were included from both genders. Pruritus was the predominant symptom observed. Acrochordons, Candidial Balanoposthitis, Tinea Corporis were observed in highest number of patients. Infective dermatoses were observed in 72 (60%) patients. The non-infective dermatoses was reported in 56 (46.7%) patients. On bacterial culture, Pyogenic Ulcer was observed in 4. KOH test and culture were carried on 14 candidal infections and 17 dermatophyte infection and observed KOH mount positive were observed in 11 cases and culture positive was observed in 8 cases. Conclusion: In the present study results indicates pruritus was the most common symptom in diabetic subjects. Infective dermatoses were more common than the non-infective dermatoses. Tinea corporis/cruris was most common clinical entity. 21.6% patients suffered
Die Zerkarien‐ oder Badedermatitis

In den achtziger Jahren wurde in der süddeutschen Presse häufiger über das Auftreten von unangenehm juckenden Hautausschlägen nach dem Baden in Seen berichtet. Die Meldungen kamen vor allem aus den Regionen Tübingen, Biberach, Offenburg und Bayern. Auch beim Gesundheitsamt und in der Stadtverwaltung in Freiburg wurden seit 1984 mehrfach solche Fälle bekannt. Mit Hilfe serologischer Untersuchungen des Blutes betroffener Badegäste konnte Dr. Peter Kimmig vom medizinischen Landesuntersuchungsamt zeigen, daß die Ursache dieser „Badedermatitis”︁ der Befall mit Zerkarien war. Diese sind freischwimmende Larvenstadien von Saugwürmern (Trematoda, Digenea), die als Adulte in den inneren Organen von Tieren und Menschen parasitieren.
ENERGY METABOLISM IN THE WEANLING PIG: EFFECTS OF ENERGY CONCENTRATION AND INTAKE ON GROWTH, BODY COMPOSITION AND NUTRIENT ACCRETION IN THE EMPTY BODY

Dietary energy is the largest single cost in pork production. Accurate and current understanding of energy metabolism is crucial to production efficiency. The overall objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of dietary energy concentration and energy intake on growth, nutrient deposition rates and energy utilization in weaned pigs. In experiment 1, the optimum total lysine:DE ratio for weaned pigs was estimated at 4.27 and 4.46 g/Mcal for pigs growing from 7.5 to 12.8 kg and 7.5 to 22.5 kg BW, respectively. Experiment 2 determined if a more predictable growth, nutrient deposition and energy utilization in the weaned pig is achieved with NE or with DE. ADG either remained similar or was depressed with increased NE compared to the control (P < 0.05). Empty body protein content and deposition (PD) declined relative to the control (P < 0.05) and lipid content and deposition (LD) tended to increase (P < 0.10). Body composition and nutrient deposition rates were more correlated with determined NE concentration and intake compared with DE. The results of Experiment 3 indicated that amino acid intake impaired the growth of pigs when an energy intake restriction greater than 30% occurred. Experiment 4 investigated the interaction of dietary NE concentration and feeding levels (FL) on body weight gain, tissue (protein, lipid, ash, water) accretion rates and ratios. Growth performance was not affected by NE (P > 0.05) but increased with feeding level (P < 0.001). Energy intake increased with NE and FL (P < 0.001), but the efficiency of energy utilization for growth declined (P < 0.05). Empty body protein content declined (P < 0.05) while lipid content increased with NE (interaction, P < 0.05). Empty body PD was not affected by NE (P > 0.05) but both LD and
Classical Reduction of SVP to LWE: A Concrete Security Analysis

Regev (2005) introduced the learning with errors (LWE) problem and showed a quantum reduction from a worst case lattice problem to LWE. Building on the work of Peikert (2009), a classical reduction from the shortest vector problem to LWE was obtained by Brakerski et al. (2013). A concrete security analysis of Regev’s reduction by Chatterjee et al. (2016) identiﬁed a huge tightness gap. The present work performs a concrete analysis of the tightness gap in the classical reduction of Brakerski et al. It turns out that the tightness gap in the Brakerski et al. classical reduction is even larger than the tightness gap in the quantum reduction of Regev. This casts doubts on the implication of the reduction to security assurance of practical cryptosystems.
Review Article: To be networked, hyperlinked, portable

Take a look at the titles of the three books reviewed here: ‘networked publics’, ‘hyperlinked society’, ‘portable communities’. The time must be ripe within the analytical corner of media and technology studies to question and define our state of mediated interconnection. What do we speak of when we refer to being networked, hyperlinked and portable? To be networked is both a physical and conceptual manifestation of relation. What it means to be networked is a reflexive awareness of how one’s position or activities correspond with other members of that social unit. On the one hand, to be networked is to be aware at once of the local as it is the global. On the other hand, to be hyperlinked or portable does not connote the same thing: there, it is primarily the technology or the situation that is responsible for doing the defining, not the nature of the relation. This same game can be played with the words ‘publics’, ‘society’, and ‘community’. Community is the term du jour these days, corroborated by formative works such as Howard Rheingold’s The Virtual Community (2000[1993]) on one end of the spectrum and Robert Putnam’s Bowling Alone (2000) on the other. In either case, it is commonly understood that individuals within communities share some commonality and express their new media & society
Utilizing new approaches to address the fuzzy fixed charge transportation problem

Abstract The Fuzzy Fixed Charge Transportation Problem in which both fixed and transportation cost are fuzzy numbers is considered in this paper. Due to NP-hardness of the problem, we utilize three types of Electromagnetism-like Algorithms (EM), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Simulated Annealing (SA) which are firstly being proposed and comprised in this research area. Besides, our other novelty approach is the use of new encoding mechanism, namely string representation, for the first time which is employed for the problem and can be used in any extended transportation problems. Also, the last version of EM is being firstly developed and proposed in this paper. The employed operators and parameters are calibrated to ensure the best performance of the algorithms. Besides, different problem sizes are considered at random to study the impacts of the rise in the problem size on the performance of the algorithms.
Phylogenetic analysis and revision of Kroeyerina Wilson, 1932 (Siphonostomatoida: Kroyeriidae), copepods parasitic on chondrichthyans, with descriptions of four new species and the erection of a new genus, Prokroyeria

Four new species of Kroeyerina Wilson, 1932, are described and redescriptions of the previously known species are given. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Kroeyerina produces a cladogram that indicates that Kroeyerina meridionalis Ramirez, 1975 warrants its own generic status. The genus Prokroyeria is established to accommodate K. meridionalis, the only member of the Kroyeriidae Kabata, 1979 that infests holocephalan branchial lamellae. Higher level (more inclusive) analysis of the genera within the family further corroborates this systematic restructuring. The hierarchical relationships of the species constituting Kroeyerina and the intrafamilial relationships of the genera within Kroyeriidae are congruent with some of the recently proposed patterns of their chondrichthyan hosts' evolution.
Assessing leaf pigment content and activity with a reflectometer

summary This study explored reflectance indices sampled with a ‘leaf reflectometer’ as measures of pigment content for leaves of contrasting light history, developmental stage and functional type (herbaceous annual versus sclerophyllous evergreen). We employed three reflectance indices: a modified normalized dierence vegetation index (NDVI), an index of chlorophyll content; the red}green reflectance ratio (R RED :R GREEN ), an index of anthocyanin content; and the change in photochemical reflectance index upon dark‐light conversions (DPRI), an index of xanthophyll cycle pigment activity. In Helianthus annuus (sunflower), xanthophyll cycle pigment amounts were linearly related to growth light environment; leaves in full sun contained approximately twice the amount of xanthophyll cycle pigments as leaves in deep shade, and at midday a larger proportion of these pigments were in the photoprotective, de-epoxidized forms relative to shade leaves. Reflectance indices also revealed contrasting patterns of pigment development in leaves of contrasting structural types (annual versus evergreen). In H. annuus sun leaves, there was a remarkably rapid increase in amounts of both chlorophyll and xanthophyll cycle pigments along a leaf developmental sequence. This pattern contrasted with that of Quercus agrifolia (coast live oak, a sclerophyllous evergreen), which exhibited a gradual development of both chlorophyll and xanthophyll cycle pigments along with a pronounced peak of anthocyanin pigment content in newly expanding leaves. These temporal patterns of pigment development in Q. agrifolia leaves suggest that anthocyanins and xanthophyll cycle pigments serve complementary photoprotective roles during early leaf development. The results illustrate the use of reflectance indices for distinguishing divergent patterns of pigment activity in leaves of contrasting light history and functional type.
A NEW MULTI-OBJECTIVE ARTIFICIAL BEE COLONY ALGORITHM FOR MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Since real-world problems have multi-objective optimization problems, algorithms that solve such problems are getting more important. In this study, a new multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed for solving multi-objective optimization problems. With the proposed algorithm, non-dominated solutions are kept in the fixed-sized archive. It has benefited from the crowding distance during the selection of elite solutions in the archive. Moreover, the onlooker bees are selected from the archive members with the proposed algorithm. It is aimed to improve the archive members with this modification. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, ZDT1, ZDT2 and ZDT3 from ZDT family of benchmark functions were used as multi-objective benchmark problems and the results were compared with MOPSO and NSGA-II algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm is an alternative method for multi-objective optimization problems.
The Dances of Honeybees at Small Zenith Distances of the Sun

1. The dances of honeybees have been studied in Jamaica (18° 009 N.), Trinidad (10° 389 N.), and British Guiana (5° 119 N.) when the sun was near the zenith. 2. When the zenith distance of the sun was less than about 10° the orientation of the observed dances deviated, often very widely, from the direction expected if the bees were indicating the angle between the sun azimuth and the food-source azimuth. But the dance angles did not show the wide scattering to be expected from a failure of perception of sun azimuth. They were frequently well orientated, and successive dances often progressively changed direction clockwise or anticlockwise. 3. The dance angles plotted against time gave smooth curves symmetrical about noon, but of smaller maximum slope than the curves of changing sun azimuth. 4. The direction of turning of the dances was often opposite to that expected from the direction of sun azimuth change. 5. Various conceivable explanations are discussed. It is concluded that the dances can best be explained as the result of two control mechanisms: (i) A mechanism which uses all available information about the real sun azimuth and limits the possible dance angles to a certain range. This range becomes increasingly wide the nearer the sun approaches to the zenith. (ii) A mechanism which takes into account the dance directions (or sun positions) memorized for particular times of day, and between successive memorized positions turns the dances through an angle proportional to time. This mechanism is subject to the limits imposed by mechanism (i). 6. This dual-control hypothesis would provide a general explanation of the orientation of honeybee dances. It could explain the orientation of dances at night and when the sky is completely covered with cloud. 7. Evidence is presented that the acuity with which bees can perceive the position of the sun relative to the zenith is not less accurate than 2°-3°. This is a measure of the accuracy with which they can localize a visual stimulus relative to the direction of gravity. 8. The mechanism proposed for orientating the dances would provide a possible means whereby bees might communicate the direction of a food-source by dances which do not indicate the angle between the azimuths of the food-source and the sun.
RESPONSES OF MALE TROPICAL MOCKINGBIRDS (MIMUS GILVUS) TO VARIATION IN WITHIN-SONG AND BETWEEN-SONG VERSATILITY

Abstract Despite their large vocal repertoires and otherwise highly versatile singing style, male mockingbirds (Mimus spp.) sometimes sing in a highly repetitive fashion. We conducted a playback experiment to determine the possible signal value of different syllable-presentation patterns during simulated male intrusions in the Tropical Mockingbird (Mimus gilvus), testing the hypothesis that more repetitive singing represents a stronger threat and generates a stronger aggressive response. Responses were measured in terms of approach and singing behavior and were analyzed using McGregor’s (1992) multivariate method. We also introduce the use of survival analysis for analyzing response variables for which subjects do not perform the behavior in question in at least one of the replicates (known as “right-censored variables” in the statistical literature). As predicted by theory, experimental subjects responded more aggressively to songs composed of a single note than to variable ones. However, versatility at the between-song level had an opposite effect: high song-switching rates generated stronger responses than low ones. Given the lack of a statistical interaction between within-song versatility and switching rate, we conclude that these two parameters may serve independent purposes and possibly transmit different information. We discuss the possibility that the signal value of variation in vocal versatility lies in the mediation of territorial conflicts, the attraction of female partners, the mediation of conflicts over access to reproductive females, or some combination of these functions. Respuestas de Machos de Mimus gilvus a Variación en Versatilidad Vocal Dentro- y Entre-cantos