Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinese capital markets: challenges to the China model

Eight years ago, The European Journal of Finance (EJF) published the first special issue on the Chinese Capital Markets. This was at a time when Chinese topics were not widely accepted by internationally excellent finance journals. Since then, The European Journal of Finance had published four special issues both containing and encouraging studies that reveal the unique institutions of China. This editorial summarises the articles included in this 5th CCM special issue and discusses a series of legislative and regulatory changes, which has strengthened the role of the Chinese Communist Party in the economy and society under the “Party leads everything” doctrine. We encourage future studies to examine their implications on finance and economics and believe that the results of such studies will be helpful for the CPC and the Chinese Government to shape future policies to ensure sustainable development.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide-C595: Potential MR imaging contrast agents for ovarian cancer detection

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), have played an important role in the promotion of image contrast in magnetic resonance imaging modality. The objective of present study is describing SPIONs conjugated with C595 monoclonal antibody (mAb) against MUC1-expressing ovarian cancer (OVCAR3) cell. Magnetic resonance imaging parameters of the prepared nanoconjugate was investigated in vitro: characterization, cell toxicity, flow cytometry, Prussian blue staining, and cellular uptake as well as biodistribution and magnetic resonance signal intensities under in vivo conditions were also investigated. Magnetic resonance imaging and biodistribution results showed good tumor accumulation and detection, no cytotoxicity, and potential selective as anti-ovarian cancer. In conclusion, based on the findings SPIONs-C595 nanosized-probe is potentially, a selective ovarian molecular imaging tool. Further subsequent in vivo studies and clinical trials are warranted.
Bad or Mad? Personality disorders and legal responsibility-the German situation.

Criminal offenders have a high rate of personality disorders (PDS), especially Antisocial Personality Disorders and psychopathy, but criminal acts are not necessarily the result of PD. Findings from psychiatric research suggest that the development of PD is influenced by genetic factors, that can result in deviant traits in temper, emotionality and cognitive style. There is general agreement that those peculiarities and vulnerabilities find their expression and structure only under a complex interplay of stimulating or impairing environmental influences. Do these genetic factors-or other factors-diminish a person's criminal responsibility? There is no difficulty in diagnosing PDs, but the challenging questions arise in forensic assessments of defendants for criminal responsibility who have a PD. This article discusses the German legal situation and special problems created by the term of "diminished" criminal responsibility. In contrast to the Anglo-American legal situation, the German criminal law obliges the court to order an indeterminate forensic - psychiatric confinement, in addition to punishment, if the offender had acted under diminished criminal responsibility and is now still considered to be dangerous. The convicted offender remains under the control of the criminal court during psychiatric hospitalization. The change from handling the personality disordered offender as a criminal to handling him as someone with a mental disorder creates a social option for extended state interventions, including indeterminate hospitalization.
Russia and the European Union in Eulerian Circles of “Europe”

This article studies the European identity of modern Russia and EU countries. The main idea of the article is that the existence of the European Union today is largely determined by the spirit of “Europeanness” and by relations between European countries and the EU. The article examines the correlation between the notions of ‘Europe’ and the ‘European Union,’ and analyzes the results of the opinion polls conducted to measure peoples’ feeling of “Europeanness” in EU countries and Russia. Over the past twenty-five years, the EU and Russia have seen all kinds of relations—from official assurances of sharing common values, goals and interests and public support for the idea of Russia’s integration with the EU to openly competitive and, later, hostile relations. The Ukraine crisis has brought growing differences to a head, and subsequent mutual sanctions have clearly demarcated the boundaries of “Europeanness” and prospects for rapprochement or estrangement between the former strategic partners. The issue of “belonging Larisa V. Deriglazova Doctor of History, Professor at the Department of International Relations, Tomsk State University; Head of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence in European Studies. ORCHID: 0000-0003-4577-6163 e-mail: dlarisa@inbox.ru
Hybrid EMG classifier based on HMM and SVM for hand gesture recognition in prosthetics

Pattern recognition and classification algorithms are widely studied in natural gesture interfaces for upper limb prostheses. Robustness and accuracy of control systems are key challenge in such applications. To improve the classification performance, the conventional approach builds on classifier parameters tuning and/or feature extraction techniques. In this paper, we propose a complementary approach based on the combination of two heterogeneous classifiers: the Support Vector Machines and the Hidden Markov Models. This technique takes advantage of the robust time-independent classification of the SVM taking into account the information about history of the signal with the HMM. We demonstrate that, independently from the performance of the SVM, which can be further optimized with typical methods, the combined approach gains 12% recognition accuracy. We further comment on the applicability of this approach in resource constrained embedded implementations considering real-time requirements in the field of prosthesis control.
Content Delivery in MIMO Broadcast Channels with Decentralized Coded Caching

Caching at the wireless edge is an effective way to trade the scarce communication bandwidth with the more sustainable storage size through traffic time shifting. Multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO), on the other hand, can bring spatial multiplexing gain in wireless channels. This work is to investigate the combined effect of MIMO and caching in a three- user cache-aided MIMO broadcast channel, where the base station is equipped with M antennas and each user is equipped with N antennas. Decentralized coded caching is adopted in this paper, which converts the content delivery phase to a transmission problem in a broadcast channel with general message sets. We first derive an achievable degrees of freedom (DoF) region of the three-user MIMO broadcast channel with general message sets. Based on this region, we then obtain an achievable normalized delivery time (NDT), which illustrates the spatial multiplexing gain of MIMO through simultaneous transmission of multiple multicast messages intended to different user sets. It is shown that the achievable NDT is optimal at certain cases and is within a multiplicative gap of 3 from the optimum at other cases.
Angiotensin-receptor blockade reduces border zone myocardial monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and macrophage infiltration in post-infarction ventricular remodeling.

BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a key mediator of left ventricular (LV) remodeling during the early phase of myocardial infarction (MI). The hypothesis tested was that myocardial MCP-1 expression would increase during the chronic phase of MI and an angiotensin-II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) would attenuate macrophage infiltration through decreased myocardial MCP-1 expression. METHODS AND RESULTS MI was produced by ligation of the left coronary artery in Wistar rats, which were then randomized to treatment with vehicle (MI/C), candesartan (10 mg.kg(-1). day(-1)) for 6 weeks (MI/ARB0-6W), or candesartan for 2 weeks, starting 4 weeks after MI (MI/ARB4-6W). LV systolic and end-diastolic pressures 6 weeks after MI were decreased in MI/ARB0-6W compared with MI/C or MI/ARB4-6W, however, there were no differences in other hemodynamic or echocardiographic parameters among infarcted rat groups. Both long- and short-term treatments with ARB similarly reduced mRNA expressions of MCP-1, transforming growth factor-beta1, and procollagen type I and III, macrophage infiltration, and myocardial fibrosis in the border zone. CONCLUSIONS In post-MI heart failure, ARB attenuated MCP-1 expression and macrophage infiltration in the border zone, resulting in less myocardial fibrosis. ARB may exert its beneficial effect, at least in part, by inhibiting myocardial macrophage-related inflammation.
The Transcriptional Responses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Inhibitors of Metabolism

The differential transcriptional response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drugs and growth-inhibitory conditions was monitored to generate a data set of 430 microarray profiles. Unbiased grouping of these profiles independently clustered agents of known mechanism of action accurately and was successful at predicting the mechanism of action of several unknown agents. These predictions were validated biochemically for two agents of previously uncategorized mechanism, pyridoacridones and phenothiazines. Analysis of this data set further revealed 150 underlying clusters of coordinately regulated genes offering the first glimpse at the full metabolic potential of this organism. A signature subset of these gene clusters was sufficient to classify all known agents as to mechanism of action. Transcriptional profiling of both crude and purified natural products can provide critical information on both mechanism and detoxification prior to purification that can be used to guide the drug discovery process. Thus, the transcriptional profile generated by a crude marine natural product recapitulated the mechanistic prediction from the pure active component. The underlying gene clusters further provide fundamental insights into the metabolic response of bacteria to drug-induced stress and provide a rational basis for the selection of critical metabolic targets for screening for new agents with improved activity against this important human pathogen.
Macrophage‐dependent induction of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system and its role in intracellular survival

Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI‐2) encodes a putative type III secretion system necessary for systemic infection in animals. We have investigated the transcriptional organization and regulation of SPI‐2 by creating gfp fusions throughout the entire gene cluster. These gfp fusions demonstrated that SPI‐2 genes encoding structural, regulatory and previously uncharacterized putative secreted proteins are preferentially expressed in the intracellular environment of the host macrophage. Furthermore, the transcription of these genes within host cells was dependent on the two‐component regulatory system SsrA/SsrB and an acidic phagosomal environment. Most SPI‐2 mutants failed to replicate to the same level as wild‐type strains in murine macrophages and human epithelial cells. In orally infected mice, SPI‐2 mutants colonized the Peyer's patches but did not progress to the mesenteric lymph nodes. We conclude that SPI‐2 genes are specifically expressed upon entry into mammalian cells and are required for intracellular growth in host cells in vivo and in vitro.
Differentiation between acute primary and recurrent human cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy, using a microneutralization assay

Acute primary human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in pregnancy, the major cause of congenital symptomatic infection, is often difficult to differentiate from recurrent infection, which presents a considerably smaller risk to the fetus. Therefore, the diagnosis of primary infection in pregnancy is very important, especially if seroconversion is not documented and follow‐up sera with declining IgM‐titers are not available.
Biosocial variables and auditory acuity as risk factors for non-fatal childhood injuries in Greece.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether biosocial variables and auditory acuity are risk factors for injuries among children. SETTING: Children with injuries who presented at the emergency clinics of one of the two university hospitals for children in Athens, Greece between December 1993 and April 1994. METHODS: 144 children aged 5-14 years, residents of Athens, were brought to the emergency clinics for a moderate to severe injury. For each of these children one hospital control, matched for age and sex, and one classmate control similarly matched were identified. A standard interview form was completed for all 432 children and acouometric and tympanometric examinations were performed in each of them. Analysis was done through conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The likelihood of an accident was higher in children of younger fathers (odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, p = 0.04), children of mothers with non-professional jobs (OR = 1.9, p = 0.03) as well as in children of higher birth order (OR = 1.7, p = 0.01), in those with predominantly other than parental daily supervision (OR = 2.6, p = 0.001), and those with a history of previous accident (OR = 1.3, p = 0.002). Somatometric factors, school performance, use of corrective eyeglasses and subnormal auditory acuity were not found to be risk factors, but auditory imbalance and abnormal tympanograms were positively related to the risk of childhood injury (OR = 2.6, p = 0.02; and OR = 2.3, p = 0.08 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: the findings of this study underline the importance of attentive supervision and safety training of children living in modern cities; they also suggest that children with auditory imbalance and history of an accident are at higher injury risk and they should be targeted with specific intervention programs.
Facing Complexity

A moral dilemma is a situation from which you cannot escape without doing yourself some moral damage or injury. Human life is fraught with the moral complexity that gives rise to dilemmas. War and other warlike conflicts generate tangles of moral complexity. Leaders in particular face dilemmas when their obligations to their followers conflict with their more general ethical obligations, but anyone trying to stay alive under Stalin’s tyranny had to tell lies, as Nadezhda Mandelstam explains. Machiavelli gives strong reasons for a prince to lie and make false promises, but we must take his advice with caution. Leaders must be trusted, and lying undermines trust. Still, some lies may be justified, and others may be excused; justification and excuse are not the same. This chapter focuses on situations in which it appears that one must tell a lie; it concludes with a discussion of the reasons that count against lying.
Schoepfin A, B, C: three new chalcone C-glycosides from Schoepfia chinensis

Three new chalcone C-glycosides named schoepfin A, B, C (1–3), together with three known compounds 4,2′,4′–trihydroxy-3′-C-β-D-glucosylchalcone (4), nothofagin (5) and hemiphloin (6) were isolated from ethanolic extract of the bark of Schoepfia chinensis Gardn. et Champ (Olacaceae). Their structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic techniques including 2D-NMR (HMBC, HMQC) and MS experiments. †The two authors contributed equally to this work.
An AlN MEMS Piezoelectric Microphone for Aeroacoustic Applications

This paper describes the development of a micro- machined microphone for aircraft fuselage arrays that are utilized by aeroacousticians to help identify aircraft noise sources and/or assess the effectiveness of noise-reduction technologies. The developed microphone utilizes piezoelectric transduction via an integrated aluminum nitride layer in a thin-film composite diaphragm. A theoretical lumped element model and an associated noise model of the complete microphone system are developed and utilized in a formal design-optimization process. Optimal designs were fabricated using a variant of the film bulk acoustic resonator process at Avago Technologies. The experimental characterization of one design is presented here, and measured performance was in line with sponsor specifications, including a sensitivity of -39 μV/Pa, a minimum detectable pressure of 40.4 dB, a confirmed bandwidth up to 20 kHz, a 129.5-kHz resonant frequency, and a 3% distortion limit approaching 172 dB. With this performance-in addition to its small size-this microphone is shown to be a viable enabling technology for low-cost, high-resolution fuselage array measurements.
Anthropology of Tourism: Researching Interactions between Hosts and Guests

Abstract This study focuses on the theoretical analysis of social interaction and relationship between guests and hosts from the perspective of anthropology of tourism. In the 1960s and 1970s, attention was paid predominantly to anthropological reflection of negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism on host communities. However, towards the end of the 1980s and during the 1990s the research focus began to shift towards an analysis and interpretation of the influence of commodification on the perceptions of identity and authenticity of the host culture, while the positive aspects of tourism began to be recognized as well. This study aims to present an overview of the basic approaches within the anthropology of tourism to social interaction between guests and hosts. The objective of the study is to provide a summary of miscellaneous approaches to and views on this issue.
Synthesis and functionalization of superparamagnetic poly-ɛ-caprolactone microparticles for the selective isolation of subpopulations of human adipose-derived stem cells

There has been a growing interest in using biofunctionalized magnetic particles for cell isolation. This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of magnetite-polymer (Fe3O4-poly-ɛ-caprolactone, magnetite-PCL) microparticles surface functionalized with amino and epoxy groups allowing easy covalent attachment of specific antibodies and subsequent ability to bind target cells. Particles with different sizes (4–135 µm), spherical shape and superparamagnetic behaviour (magnetite content of about 13 wt%) were obtained. The functionalized microparticles presented high protein-binding capacity (coupling efficiency of 47% for epoxy- and 71% for amino-functionalized particles) with a low level of non-specific binding. We have further investigated the influence of initial protein concentration, pH, ionic strength, temperature and incubation time on the capacity of amino-functionalized particles to bind protein molecules. The results showed that maximum protein coupling is rapidly achieved (≤5 h) at pH 5.5 and low ionic strength (0.05 M NaCl). Furthermore, when cultured in direct contact with osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) or human-derived adipose stem cells (ASCs), the amino-functionalized particles did not affect the proliferation and morphology of the cells. As a proof of principle for the application of magnetic microparticles for cell isolation, CD105 (endoglin) antibody was coupled to the magnetic particle surface to bind subpopulations of human ASCs expressing the CD105 antigen. The isolation of CD105+ ASCs from a heterogeneous cell population was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Given the demonstrated potential of functionalized magnetite-PCL microparticles for selective cell isolation, we expect that these particles may be further applied in immuno-magnetic cell separation owing to their versatility and ease of surface modification.
Analysis of nasturtium TmNXG1 complexes by crystallography and molecular dynamics provides detailed insight into substrate recognition by family GH16 xyloglucan endo‐transglycosylases and endo‐hydrolases

Reorganization and degradation of the wall crosslinking and seed storage polysaccharide xyloglucan by glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16) endo‐transglycosylases and hydrolases are crucial to the growth of the majority of land plants, affecting processes as diverse as germination, morphogenesis, and fruit ripening. A high‐resolution, three‐dimensional structure of a nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) endo‐xyloglucanase loop mutant, TmNXG1‐ΔYNIIG, with an oligosaccharide product bound in the negative active‐site subsites, has been solved by X‐ray crystallography. Comparison of this novel complex to that of the strict xyloglucan endo‐transglycosylase PttXET16‐34 from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides), previously solved with a xylogluco‐oligosaccharide bound in the positive subsites, highlighted key protein structures that affect the disparate catalytic activities displayed by these closely related enzymes. Combination of these “partial” active‐site complexes through molecular dynamics simulations in water allowed modeling of wild‐type TmNXG1, TmNXG1‐ΔYNIIG, and wild‐type PttXET16‐34 in complex with a xyloglucan octadecasaccharide spanning the entire catalytic cleft. A comprehensive analysis of these full‐length complexes underscored the importance of various loops lining the active site. Subtle differences leading to a tighter hydrogen bonding pattern on the negative (glycosyl donor) binding subsites, together with loop flexibility on the positive (glycosyl acceptor) binding subsites appear to favor hydrolysis over transglycosylation in GH16 xyloglucan‐active enzymes. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracking maximum loadability conditions in power systems

This paper deals with the problem of identifying emergency conditions during system operation in the case of voltage instability. A novel detection scheme is proposed based on measurement of the controlled voltage of bulk power delivery transformers equipped with load tap changers. The detection is based on the comparison of successive post-tap-change voltages. The detection scheme is purely local, even though it senses a system-wide emergency condition. It is shown that the condition detected is a precursor to maximum loadability and voltage instability.
Psychopathology and age at onset of conduct problems in juvenile delinquents.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess psychopathology among incarcerated Russian juvenile delinquents in relation to the onset of conduct problems. METHOD 358 male juvenile delinquents were interviewed from January to September 1999, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version. Early behavior problems, current antisocial behavior, and psychopathology were also assessed through self-reports. The presence of conduct disorder (CD) and other diagnoses was determined according to DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS 73.2% of the incarcerated youths met criteria for CD. 23.5% of the total sample reported at least 1 criterion for CD being present before the age of 10 years. All participants from this early-onset group fulfilled the criteria for CD. This group also had significantly higher rates of psychopathology, and particularly of externalizing behaviors, as compared with youths whose conduct problems began at or after the age of 10 years. CONCLUSION Poor psychosocial adaptation and future prognosis in juvenile delinquents with early-onset conduct problems may be related to their greater degree of psychiatric disturbance compared with later-onset delinquent youths. Need for psychiatric treatment should be carefully considered in prevention and rehabilitation efforts for troubled youths.