Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S0031182017001731jra 740..751

In this study, a Leishmania hypothetical protein, LiHyS, was evaluated regarding its antigenicity, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Regarding antigenicity, immunoblottings and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using human and canine sera showed high sensitivity and specificity values for the recombinant protein (rLiHyS) in the diagnosis of VL. When evaluating the immunogenicity of LiHyS, which is possibly located in the parasite’s flagellar pocket, proliferative assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or VL patients showed a high proliferative index in both individuals, when compared to the results obtained using rA2 or unstimulated cultures. Later, rLiHyS/saponin was inoculated in BALB/c mice, which were then challenged with Leishmania infantum promastigotes. The vaccine induced an interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production, which was maintained after infection and which was associated with high nitrite and IgG2a antibody levels, as well as low IL-4 and IL-10 production. Significant reductions in the parasite load in liver, spleen, bone marrow and draining lymph nodes were found in these animals. In this context, the present study shows that the rLiHyS has the capacity to be evaluated as a diagnostic marker or vaccine candidate against VL.
Histoire Croisée

Globalization makes understanding worldmaking processes a crucial issue. During the Cold War the social sciences mainly addressed this issue through comparative studies which mirrored the logic of the world-historical confrontation. In this respect 1989 fostered not only a political turn but an epistemological one. The new political situation fueled the development of approaches dedicated to the study of relations and interdependencies between different parts of the world. Like entangled, shared or connected histories, Histoire croisée takes a cross-border approach.Their common feature is shifting the analysis from comparative approaches centered on territorial entities to the relationships that flow through and the interactions which constitute them, as well as moving away from approaches solely focused on state relationships. Dedicated to the study of intersecting processes in various settings, Histoire croisée is driven by an empirical, methodological and epistemological shift that involves redefining the object of research.
Syntheses and crystal structures of Li ( Ta 0 . 89 Ti 0

Crystal structures of Li(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.945 and (Li0.977Eu0.023)(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.968 were investigated by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction. Both title compounds were trigonal with space group R3c and Z = 6. The hexagonal unit-cell dimensions were a = 0.514 82 9(2) nm, c = 1.377 61 2(4) nm, and V = 0.316 21 6(2) nm for the former compound and a = 0.517 71 2(2) nm, c = 1.373 50 0(6) nm, and V = 0.318 81 2(3) nm for the latter. The initial structural models, being isostructural with LiTaO3, were refined by the Rietveld method. The maximum-entropy method-based pattern fitting (MPF) method was subsequently used to confirm the validity of the structural models, in which conventional structure bias caused by assuming intensity partitioning was minimized. Atomic arrangements of the final structural models were in excellent agreement with the three-dimensional electron-density distributions determined by MPF. © 2013 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [doi:10.1017/S0885715613000018]
Revitalization the Internal Quality Assurance Through Leadership, Commitment, and Organization Culture

This research aims to determine whether there is a direct and indirect influence on exogenous variables, namely leadership and organizational commitment to endogenous variables, namely the application of internal quality assurance systems in state universities with organizational culture as an intervening variable. This research used quantitative approach and the analysis tools is path analysis. Population of this study included 340 lecturers at three state universities in Ambon and the sample size was 221 respondents. The results of the study prove that organizational culture plays an important role in mediating and contributing to leadership and organizational commitment to the implementation of the internal quality assurance system in higher education. Leadership and organizational commitment require an organizational culture to build communication and motivation through expectations and academic values that develop in a healthy, creative, innovative and dynamic manner because it can encourage collaboration and synergy of all elements of higher education to achieve the set quality standards.
DG Allocation in Distribution Networks with Considering of Voltage Stability Improvement and Loss Reduction

The improvement of the line Load-ability (LL) for voltage stability establishes the main criterion for distribution networks. The Distributed Generation (DG) resources play an important role in the supply of active and reactive power loads, bus voltage profiles, and voltage stability in distribution systems. In this paper, a new technique has been proposed for optimization of the location placement and sizing of DGs, considering the Generalized voltage Stability Index (GSI) to determine the maximum load-ability. Also, an analytical method has been applied to infer the effects of DGs on the distribution systems’ characteristics. The study also considers three types of DG modes, which are voltage control mode (PV mode), constant power mode (PQ mode), and also voltage control mode with reactive power constraint (PV mode with VAR constraint). The proposed method is applied to 12-bus, modified 12-bus, 69-bus and 94-bus radial distribution systems.
S0031182018000422jra 1588..1593

Genotypes of the myxosporean parasite Ceratonova shasta are defined by the number of ATC repeats in the parasite’s ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 1. These genotypes correlate with specific salmonid fish hosts. We observed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with mixtures of genotypes II and III, and assumed that this was a consequence of fish having an aggregate infection from multiple individual parasites. We hypothesized that although multiple ITS copies are present within a parasite spore, the DNA sequences of these copies are identical, and thus individual C. shasta spores are a single genotype. We tested this by extracting and sequencing DNA from individual myxospores. We trialed three approaches for in-tube DNA extraction; digestion with proteinase K was superior to simply rehydrating spores, or incubation in the buffer. Sequences from 14 myxospores were each a mixture of genotypes II and III. Therefore, intra-genomic ribosomal DNA variants exist within individual parasite spores, and II and III should no longer be regarded as discrete C. shasta genotypes. This single-spore genotyping approach will be a useful tool for testing validity of other C. shasta genotypes, and for correctly matching genotype with phenotype for mixed infections of other myxozoan species.
S0031182018000276jra 1161..1169

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) samples obtained from the lesions of patients with typical (n = 25, 29%), atypical (n = 60, 69%) or both (n = 2%) clinical manifestations were analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, hsp70 restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), hsp70 sequencing and phylogenetics methods. The hsp70 PCR-RFLP analysis revealed two different profiles whose the most samples differed from those expected for Leishmania braziliensis and the other Leishmania species tested: of 39 samples evaluated, two (5%) had a restriction profile corresponding to L. braziliensis, and 37 (95%) had a restriction profile corresponding to a variant pattern. A 1300-bp hsp70 gene fragment was sequenced to aid in parasite identification and a phylogenetic analysis was performed including 26 consensus sequences from the ATL patient’s samples and comparing to other Leishmania and trypanosomatids species. The dendrogram allowed to observe a potential population structure of L. braziliensis complex in the studied region, emphasizing that the majority of clinical samples presented a variant genetic profile. Of interest, the L. braziliensis diversity was associated with different clinical manifestations whose parasites with hsp70 variant profile were associated with atypical lesions. The results may be helpful to improve the diagnosis, treatment and control measures of the ATL in endemic areas.
Physicochemical study and application for pyrolusite separation from high manganese-iron ore in the presence of microorganisms

Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria strain as a surface modifier in a flotation process could remove 64.89% of MnO2 from high manganese iron ore. A concentrate containing 3.7% MnO2, 0.5% SiO2 and 71.30% Fe2O3, with a hematite recovery of 72.46% is produced from a feed containing 8.79% MnO2, 0.49% SiO2 and 67.90% Fe2O3. The bio-flotation results indicated that such type of bacteria is selective for upgrading El-Gedida iron ore from the Western Desert of Egypt. The role of Paenibacillus polymyxa on the surface properties of pyrolusite and hematite single minerals was investigated through zeta potential, FTIR and adsorption measurements.
STUDY OF PATTERNS OF DYSPLASIA IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises of Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and colitis of indeterminate type. Patients with long established IBD are at a greater risk for development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The best marker for cancer risk in IBD is dysplasia. IBD on biopsy can show low grade dysplasia (LGD) or high grade dysplasia (HGD) or histological features indefinite for dysplasia. Aims: 1) Determination of the incidence of LGD, HGD and CRC in IBD patients. 2) Evaluation of presence of any correlation between duration of IBD and extent of intestinal involvement by IBD and between duration of IBD and multifocality of dysplasia. Materials and Method: 393 patients with clinical suspicion of IBD were enrolled in this study. During surveillance endoscopy number of biopsy samples taken from each case were 10-15. Histopathological examination of these biopsy samples was done. Results: Out of 266 patients of IBD who turned up for surveillance endoscopy, the incidences of LGD, HGD, CRC and IBD indeterminate for dysplasia were found to be 10.90%, 4.51%, 4.51% and 2.63% respectively. On statistical analysis it was discovered that in both UC and CD the extent of intestinal involvement was directly proportional to the duration of the disease. In both UC and CD, longer disease durations were linked to more foci of dysplasia. Conclusion: In both UC and CD, longer disease durations is linked to the extent of intestinal involvement and number of foci of dysplasia while type of dysplasia (LGD/HGD) is not related to duration of IBD. In IBD with UC incidence of PSC is linked with the extent of intestinal involvement.
Gradient Masked Federated Optimization

Federated Averaging (FedAVG) has become the most popular federated learning algorithm due to its simplicity and low communication overhead. We use simple examples to show that FedAVG has the tendency to sew together the optima across the participating clients. These sewed optima exhibit poor generalization when used on a new client with new data distribution. Inspired by the invariance principles in (Arjovsky et al., 2019; Parascandolo et al., 2020), we focus on learning a model that is locally optimal across the different clients simultaneously. We propose a modification to FedAVG algorithm to include masked gradients (AND-mask from (Parascandolo et al., 2020)) across the clients and uses them to carry out an additional server model update. We show that this algorithm achieves better accuracy (out-of-distribution) than FedAVG, especially when the data is non-identically distributed across clients.
MagicPai at SemEval-2021 Task 7: Method for Detecting and Rating Humor Based on Multi-Task Adversarial Training

This paper describes MagicPai’s system for SemEval 2021 Task 7, HaHackathon: Detecting and Rating Humor and Offense. This task aims to detect whether the text is humorous and how humorous it is. There are four subtasks in the competition. In this paper, we mainly present our solution, a multi-task learning model based on adversarial examples, for task 1a and 1b. More specifically, we first vectorize the cleaned dataset and add the perturbation to obtain more robust embedding representations. We then correct the loss via the confidence level. Finally, we perform interactive joint learning on multiple tasks to capture the relationship between whether the text is humorous and how humorous it is. The final result shows the effectiveness of our system.
Tollmien-Schlichting route to elastoinertial turbulence in channel flow

Direct simulations of two-dimensional channel flow of a viscoelastic fluid have revealed the existence of a family of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) attractors that is nonlinearly self-sustained by viscoelasticity [Shekar et al., J. Fluid Mech. 893, A3 (2020)]. Here, we describe the evolution of this branch in parameter space and its connections to the Newtonian TS attractor and to elastoinertial turbulence (EIT). At Reynolds number Re = 3000, there is a solution branch with TS-wave structure but which is not connected to the Newtonian solution branch. At fixed Weissenberg number, Wi and increasing Reynolds number from 3000-10000, this attractor goes from displaying a striation of weak polymer stretch localized at the critical layer to an extended sheet of very large polymer stretch. We show that this transition is directly tied to the strength of the TS critical layer fluctuations and can be attributed to a coil-stretch transition when the local Weissenberg number at the hyperbolic stagnation point of the Kelvin cat’s eye structure of the TS wave exceeds 1 2 . At Re = 10000, unlike 3000, the Newtonian TS attractor evolves continuously into the EIT state as Wi is increased from zero to about 13. We describe how the structure of the flow and stress fields changes, highlighting in particular a “sheet-shedding” process by which the individual sheets associated with the critical layer structure break up to form the layered multisheet structure characteristic of EIT.
Brittle Features May Help Anomaly Detection

One-class anomaly detection is challenging. A representation that clearly distinguishes anomalies from normal data is ideal, but arriving at this representation is difficult since only normal data is available at training time. We examine the performance of representations, transferred from auxiliary tasks, for anomaly detection. Our results suggest that the choice of representation is more important than the anomaly detector used with these representations, although knowledge distillation can work better than using the representations directly. In addition, separability between anomalies and normal data is important but not the sole factor for a good representation, as anomaly detection performance is also correlated with more adversarially brittle features in the representation space. Finally, we show our configuration can detect 96.4% of anomalies in a genuine X-ray security dataset, outperforming previous results.
PTHash: Revisiting FCH Minimal Perfect Hashing

Given a set S of n distinct keys, a function f that bijectively maps the keys of S into the range (0,.,n-1) is called a minimal perfect hash function for S. Algorithms that find such functions when n is large and retain constant evaluation time are of practical interest; for instance, search engines and databases typically use minimal perfect hash functions to quickly assign identifiers to static sets of variable-length keys such as strings. The challenge is to design an algorithm which is efficient in three different aspects: time to find f (construction time), time to evaluate f on a key of S (lookup time), and space of representation for f. Several algorithms have been proposed to trade-off between these aspects. In 1992, Fox, Chen, and Heath (FCH) presented an algorithm at SIGIR providing very fast lookup evaluation. However, the approach received little attention because of its large construction time and higher space consumption compared to other subsequent techniques. Almost thirty years later we revisit their framework and present an improved algorithm that scales well to large sets and reduces space consumption altogether, without compromising the lookup time. We conduct an extensive experimental assessment and show that the algorithm finds functions that are competitive in space with state-of-the art techniques and provide 2-4x better lookup time.
Sparse-Shot Learning for Extremely Many Localisations

Object localisation, in the context of regular images, often depicts objects like people or cars. In these images there is typically a relatively small number of objects per class, which usually is manageable to annotate. However, outside the setting of regular images we are often confronted with a different situation. In computational pathology, digi-tised tissue sections are extremely large images, whose dimensions quickly exceed 250’000 × 250’000 pixels, where relevant objects, such as tumour cells or lymphocytes can quickly number in the millions. Annotating them all is practically impossible and annotating sparsely a few, out of many more, is the only possibility. Unfortunately, learning from sparse annotations, or sparse-shot learning , clashes with standard supervised learning because what is not annotated is treated as a negative. However, assigning negative labels to what are true positives leads to confusion in the gradients and biased learning. To this end, we present exclusive cross entropy , which slows down the biased learning by examining the second-order loss derivatives in order to drop the loss terms corresponding to likely biased terms. Experiments on nine datasets and two different localisation tasks, detection with YOLLO and segmentation with Unet, show that we obtain considerable improvements compared to cross entropy or focal loss, while often reaching the best possible performance for the model with only 10-40% of annotations.
Coded Divergent Waves for Fast Ultrasonic Imaging: Optimization and Comparative Performance Analysis

In this paper, we present the optimal use of coded signals in diverging wave transmission for fast ultrasonic imaging. The performance of coded imaging with diverging waves, quantified by SNR, CNR, speckle power and target signal strength, is optimized in terms of code length, wave profile, aperture size and field of view. We obtained one frame in 200 microseconds using coded diverging wave transmission, equivalent to very high 5000 frames/s rate, where the imaging depth is 7.5 cm. The performances of coded diverging wave transmission and conventional single focused phased array imaging are compared on a single frame basis. Complementary Golay sequences with code lengths ranging from 2 to 10 bits are used to code the signal. The signal strength and SNR obtained using synthetic transmit aperture and conventional single focused phased array imaging techniques, respectively, are used as reference in the performance analysis. We present a method to determine the optimum diverging wave profile to maximize the SNR across the entire viewing sector, which matches the received signal strength distribution to that of synthetic transmit aperture imaging. Optimum diverging wave profiles are determined for different sector angles and for different array apertures. For 90° sector, the SNR of 8-bit coded signal with optimized diverging wave profile is higher than that of conventional single focused phased array imaging at all depths and regions except the focal region, where it is 2-
Entanglement and products

We address a general question whether geometry of submanifolds of an integral compact Kähler manifold is characterized by invariants that come from analysis. In geometric quantization, we have an integral compact Kähler manifold M and a holomorphic line bundle L on this manifold. There is a known procedure how to associate a sequence of mixed states , , to a submanifold Λ of M. Do analytic properties of this sequence reflect the geometry of Λ ? In this paper, we consider the case when M is a product of two integral compact Kähler manifolds. We show that, when Λ is a product submanifold of M, then the entanglement of formation of is zero for all sufficiently large N.
Three-Dimensional Mesh Steganography and Steganalysis: A Review

Three-dimensional (3-D) meshes are commonly used to represent virtual surfaces and volumes. Over the past decade, 3-D meshes have emerged in industrial, medical, and entertainment applications, being of large practical significance for 3-D mesh steganography and steganalysis. In this article, we provide a systematic survey of the literature on 3-D mesh steganography and steganalysis. Compared with an earlier survey (Girdhar et al., 2017), we propose a new taxonomy of steganographic algorithms with four categories: 1) two-state domain, 2) LSB domain, 3) permutation domain, and 4) transform domain. Regarding steganalysis algorithms, we divide them into two categories: 1) universal steganalysis and 2) specific steganalysis. For each category, the history of technical developments and the current technological level are introduced and discussed. Finally, we highlight some promising future research directions and challenges in improving the performance of 3-D mesh steganography and steganalysis.
Towards Corruption-Agnostic Robust Domain Adaptation

Great progress has been achieved in domain adaptation in decades. Existing works are always based on an ideal assumption that testing target domains are independent and identically distributed with training target domains. However, due to unpredictable corruptions (e.g., noise and blur) in real data, such as web images and real-world object detection, domain adaptation methods are increasingly required to be corruption robust on target domains. We investigate a new task, corruption-agnostic robust domain adaptation (CRDA), to be accurate on original data and robust against unavailable-for-training corruptions on target domains. This task is non-trivial due to the large domain discrepancy and unsupervised target domains. We observe that simple combinations of popular methods of domain adaptation and corruption robustness have suboptimal CRDA results. We propose a new approach based on two technical insights into CRDA, as follows: (1) an easy-to-plug module called domain discrepancy generator (DDG) that generates samples that enlarge domain discrepancy to mimic unpredictable corruptions; (2) a simple but effective teacher-student scheme with contrastive loss to enhance the constraints on target domains. Experiments verify that DDG maintains or even improves its performance on original data and achieves better corruption robustness than baselines. Our code is available at: https://github.com/YifanXu74/CRDA.