Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explainability: An Aesthetic for Aesthetics in Computational Creative Systems

Of continued interest in the ﬁeld of Computational Cre-ativity (CC) is the question of what characteristics are required for autonomous creativity. Many characteristics have been proposed including the possession of an autonomous aesthetic. Paramount to the idea of an autonomous aesthetic is the need for a meta-aesthetic: an aesthetic which guides the system in selecting its own aesthetic. We review how aesthetics have (and have not) been used in CC systems to date, including examples of autonomous aesthetics. We formalize the idea of a meta-aesthetic in an extension of Wiggins’ 2006 framework for describing computational systems generally. We propose explainability as an effective meta-aesthetic for autonomous creative systems and make some comments about the explainability of creativity and of ex-plainability itself.
Exploring Process Calculi as a Mechanism to Define Dynamic Enumeration Strategies in Constraint Programming

Constraint programming (CP) has been extensively used to solve a wide variety of problems. Its declarative flavor makes possible to state conditions over variables and the solver finds solutions by applying generic and complete techniques. The process of computing a solution in CP consists mainly in two phases: propagation in which values that are not consistent w.r. t. the constraints are eliminated, and enumeration that chooses a variable and a value for this variable to continue the search when no further propagation is possible. Constraint based languages offer a set of static enumeration strategies. The strategy chosen may affect drastically the time required to find a solution. In this paper we propose a framework to model dynamic enumeration strategies using a stochastic, non-deterministic timed concurrent constraint calculus. Thanks to the reactivity of the calculus, we are able to express strategies that dynamically change according to results observed. Additionally, the compositional approach of the calculus enables us to integrate external knowledge to adapt the strategy. In particular, we integrate knowledge from an incomplete solver to guide the enumeration process. Finally, strategies proposed are integrated with a constraint solver to make “good choices” when it explores the search tree allowing to find solutions quicker.
Boundary Layer Convergence Induced by Strong Winds across a Midlatitude SST Front

AbstractRecent studies indicate that the influence of midlatitude SST fronts extends through the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) into the free atmosphere, with implications for climate variability. To better understand the mechanisms of this ocean-to-atmosphere influence, SST-induced MABL convergence is explored here with the Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model in an idealized, dry, two-dimensional configuration, for winds crossing from cold to warm SST and from warm to cold SST.For strong cross-front winds, O(10 m s−1), changes in the turbulent mixing and MABL depth across the SST front lead to MABL depth-integrated convergence in the cold-to-warm case and depth-integrated divergence in the warm-to-cold case. The turbulent stress divergence term changes over a shorter length scale than the pressure gradient and Coriolis terms, such that the MABL response directly above the SST front is governed by nonrotating, internal boundary layer–like physics, which are consistent with the verti.
Human Identification via Face Recognition: Comparative Study

Biometric recognition becomes an attractive issue of processing, and have a vast amount of real applications.According to wide spread of Internet and the new aspect of Internet of things, millions of human characteristics are flying around the world. So the security and identification become a big challenge and most of the individual needs to apply secure system to save their information. Face recognition is a narrow field of biometric recognition but there are vast amount of works and projects concerned this field. These works used various technique to reach high accuracy of recognition. The big challenge of face recognition is how to improve the recognition rate according to the implemented system. The main aim of this approach is concern with the scientific survey of the last two years to generate a simple comparative study of techniques, methods, challenges and benefits of applying these approaches.Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are measured for all the tested methods 2D-WHT, 2D-DCT, 2D-DWT, 2D-FFT and M-2D-DWT in which the results obtained from M-2D-DWT gives better values of MSE and PSNR.
Seasonal modulations in the Eddy field of the South Pacific Ocean

Abstract Decade-long satellite altimeter data from the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon and European Remote Sensing Satellite-1 and-2 (ERS-1/2) missions are analyzed to investigate the eddy signals in the South Pacific Ocean. High–eddy kinetic energy (EKE) bands with well-defined annual cycles are detected along the eastward-flowing surface currents of the South Tropical Countercurrent (STCC) between 21°–29°S and the South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC) centered near 9°S. Overriding the westward-flowing South Equatorial Current (SEC), the STCC layer has the sign of its mean potential vorticity gradient opposite to that in the SEC layer, subjecting the vertically sheared STCC–SEC system to baroclinic instability. In austral winter, the STCC–SEC system is baroclinically more unstable than in other seasons because of the large vertical shear and weak stratification. This seasonal variation in the intensity of baroclinic instability is responsible for the seasonal modulation of the STCC's EKE fi.
Application of satellite observations for timely updates to global anthropogenic NOx emission inventories

Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) can change rapidly due to economic growth or control measures. Bottom‐up emissions estimated using source‐specific emission factors and activity statistics require years to compile and can become quickly outdated. We present a method to use satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to estimate changes in NOx emissions. We use tropospheric NO2 columns retrieved from the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument for 2003–2009, the response of tropospheric NO2 columns to changes in NOx emissions determined from a global chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem), and the bottom‐up anthropogenic NOx emissions for 2006 to hindcast and forecast the inventories. We evaluate our approach by comparing bottom‐up and hindcast emissions for 2003. The two inventories agree within 6.0% globally and within 8.9% at the regional scale with consistent trends in western Europe, North America, and East Asia. We go on to forecast emissions for 2009. During 2006–2009, anthropogenic NOx emissions over land increase by 9.2% globally and by 18.8% from East Asia. North American emissions decrease by 5.7%.
The Effect of the Relationship Characteristics and Social Capital of the Sharing Economy Business on the Social Network, Relationship Competitive Advantage, and Continuance Commitment

This study assessed relationship characteristics and social capital from the perspective of interdependent linkage between sharing economy businesses and consumers, which can create the social network and relationship competitive advantage. It verified the importance of the creative production process of the value network of sharing economy businesses. For this purpose, the statistical techniques were used to perform frequency, reliability/validity, suitability, and path analyses on 522 subjects active in sharing economy service communities. A structural model was thus proposed. The results of the study are as follows. First, the results of the path analysis between the relationship characteristics and social network (social relationships, social commitment) of sharing economy businesses showed that mutual influence and emotional connection had a significant effect on social relationships, and mutual influence, sense of belonging, and emotional connection had a significant effect on social commitment. Second, the results of the path analysis between social capital and social network (social relationships, social commitment) of sharing economy businesses showed that pursuit for self-fulfillment, social participation, and pleasure had a significant effect on social commitment. Third, the results of the path analysis between the social relationships, social commitment, relationship competitive advantage, and continuance commitment of sharing economy businesses showed that social relationships and social commitment had a significant effect on relationship competitive advantage, while relationship competitive advantage had a significant effect on continuance commitment.
Stability of the pigmentation of egg yolks enriched with omega-3 and carophyll stored at room temperature and under refrigeration

The objective of this experiment was to study yolk pigmentation stability in omega 3 (ω-3) enriched eggs stored under different temperatures in zeaxanthin equivalent (by using visible light spectrophotometer) and visual score (with values obtained by yolk color fan) and to verify the correlation among those methodologies. Three hundred big eggs from Isa Brown hens were distributed into two lots each one containing 150 eggs, stored at room temperature (26.5oC) or under refrigeration (7.9oC) for 35 days. It was used a completely randomized design in a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement (storage temperature × storage period). Pigmentation observed with the yolk color fan was steady during the experiment period when eggs were kept under refrigeration and it reduced when stored at room temperature. At spectrophotometric quantification, carotenoids decreased in both temperatures studied. There is a high correlation between the methods of analysis for eggs stored at room temperature and for eggs stored under refrigeration as well, but this correlation is sharper when eggs are stored under refrigeration.
Zipf's law of abbreviation as a language universal

Words that are used more frequently tend to be shorter. This statement is known as Zipf’s law of abbreviation. Here we perform the widest investigation of the presence of the law to date. In a sample of 1262 texts and 986 different languages - about 13% of the world’s language diversity - a negative correlation between word frequency and word length is found in all cases. In line with Zipf’s original proposal, we argue that this universal trend is likely to derive from fundamental principles of information processing and transfer.
ProvSQL : Gestion de provenance et de probabilitésdans PostgreSQL

Cette démonstration présente ProvSQL, un module open-source pour le système de gestion de base de données PostgreSQL qui lui ajoute un support pour le calcul de la provenance et des probabilités des résultats de requêtes. Une large gamme de formalismes de provenance sont pris en charge, en particuclier tous ceux capturés par les semi-anneaux de provenance, les semi-anneaux avec monus et la where-provenance. L’évaluation probabiliste de requête est rendue possible par l’usage d’outils de compilation des connaissances, en plus d’approches standard comme l’énumération des mondes possibles et l’échantillonage de Monte-Carlo. ProvSQL prend en charge un sous-ensemble important des requêtes SQL sans agrégation.
Neighbouring Communities: Interaction, Lessons and Opportunities

Building, understanding and sharing software that works in creative spaces is increasingly popular and widespread, with many communities outside of academic research interested in pursuing questions highly relevant to Computational Cre-ativity. We report here on several notable communities in the area: the Procedural Generation Jam, the National Novel Generating Month, the Twitterbot community and the #Cre-ativeAI movement. By studying these communities, we ben-eﬁt from different perspectives on building creative software, as well as how communities of like-minded people form, grow and sustain themselves. We reﬂect on these communities as sources of lessons for our ﬁeld and opportunities for future growth and knowledge exchange, as well as raising awareness of sources of inspiration beyond academia.
Context-dependentfunctionaldispersionacrosssimilarranges oftraitspacecoveredbyintertidalrockyshorecommunities NelsonValdivia1,2 | VivianaSegovia-Rivera1 | EliseoFica1 | CésarC.Bonta1 | MoisésA.Aguilera3 | BernardoR.Broitman4

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile 2Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámicas de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile 3Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile 4Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
A Mixed-Initiative Interface for Animating Static Pictures

We present an interactive tool to animate the visual elements of a static picture, based on simple sketch-based markup. While animated images enhance websites, infographics, logos, e-books, and social media, creating such animations from still pictures is difficult for novices and tedious for experts. Creating automatic tools is challenging due to ambiguities in object segmentation, relative depth ordering, and non-existent temporal information. With a few user drawn scribbles as input, our mixed initiative creative interface extracts repetitive texture elements in an image, and supports animating them. Our system also facilitates the creation of multiple layers to enhance depth cues in the animation. Finally, after analyzing the artwork during segmentation, several animation processes automatically generate kinetic textures that are spatio-temporally coherent with the source image. Our results, as well as feedback from our user evaluation, suggest that our system effectively allows illustrators and animators to add life to still images in a broad range of visual styles.
Securitization and business cycle: an agent-based perspective

We study the effects of loans and mortgages securitization on business cycles by using a large-scale agent-based stock–flow consistent macroeconomic model and simulator. We enriched the model by including a financial vehicle corporation, which buys loans and mortgages from banks and issues asset-backed securities (ABSs) and mortgage-backed securities (MBSs), and a mutual fund, which invests both in ABSs and MBSs using its liquidity resources and issues new shares when in liquidity shortage. Households own the equity of the mutual fund in the form of equity shares. By means of securitization, banks conduct regulatory capital arbitrage and reduce risk-weighted assets in their balance sheet, thus being able to lend more loans and mortgages. Results show that different levels of securitization propensity are able to affect credit and business cycles in different manners. On one side, securitization increases banks’ lending activity, influencing positively investment and consumption. On the other side, the increased amount of credit amplifies negative shocks, due to higher loans’ write-offs probability triggered by the boosted lending activity. Firms’ bankruptcies impact the equity of banks, affecting their ability to grant new loans to consumption goods producers (CGPs), which need credit for their production activity, and mortgages to households, which need them to purchase housing units. The effect of securitization on the economy critically depends on the level of securitization propensity and on the time span considered.
Adaptive Channel Estimators with Hybrid Beamforming for Single-Carrier Massive MIMO

The number of wireless devices connected to the cellular wireless network is anticipated to increase heavily in the next few years, eventually reaching tens of billions. Thus, there is a need for a new cellular wireless network, which is able to handle tens of billions of wireless devices. This phenomenon has an associated effect in terms of a huge increase in traffic. A number of means is under investigation to respond to that need. Among several alternatives, the category of massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems is a great candidate for this purpose. Because of the large number of antennas in massive MIMO, there is a need to reduce the dimension of the MIMO channel effectively to decrease the complexity by considering the sparsity in the channel in terms of angle of arrival and delay, as introduced by the technique of Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing. This can be achieved effectively by using a particular statistical pre-beamforming technique introduced recently. In this paper, different adaptive algorithms for estimating the channel vector coefficient and their performance, based on this recent pre-beamforming technique, are studied. Different approaches are used in order to find the best algorithm based on the channel estimation accuracy and the complexity of the algorithm. As a byproduct, with the help of the provided analysis, in single-carrier time-varying massive MIMO channels, the optimal number of RF chains (required spatial dimensions) can be determined in hybrid beamforming in terms of the achievable information rate by taking the estimation accuracy of different adaptive acquisition algorithms into account.
Regret of Multi-Channel Bandit Game in Cognitive Radio Networks

The problem of how to evaluate the rate of convergence to Nash equilibrium solutions in the process of channel selection under incomplete information is studied. In this paper, the definition of regret is used to reflect the convergence rates of online algorithms. The process of selecting an idle channel for each secondary user is modeled as a multi-channel bandit game. The definition of the maximal averaged regret is given. Two existing online learning algorithms are used to obtain the Nash equilibrium for each SU. The maximal averaged regrets are used to evaluate the performances of online algorithms. When there is a pure strategy Nash equilibrium in the multi-channel bandit game, the maximal averaged regrets are finite. A cooperation mechanism is also needed in the process of calculating the maximal averaged regrets. Simulation results show the maximal averaged regrets are finite and the online algorithm with greater convergence rate has less maximal averaged regrets.
Concurrent Decadal Mesoscale Eddy Modulations in the Western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

AbstractSatellite altimeter data of the past two decades are used to investigate the low-frequency mesoscale eddy variability inside the western North Pacific subtropical gyre. Eddy activity modulations with a decadal time scale are detected concurrently within the 18°–28°N band, including the three branches of the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) and the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent (HLCC). Lagging behind the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) index by six months, enhanced eddy activities were detected in 1995–98 and 2003–06, whereas the eddy activities were below the average in 1999–2002 and 2009–11. Analysis of the temperature and salinity data that became available after 2001 via the International Argo Program reveals that the modulating eddy activities are due to the decadal change in the upper-ocean eastward shear in the broad-scale STCC–HLCC band. By conducting an upper-ocean temperature budget analysis, the authors found that this observed eastward shear change can be effectively accounted for by t.
From Nudging to Budging: Using Behavioural Economics to Inform Public Sector Policy

Abstract The use of behavioural economics to inform policy has over recent years been captured by those who advocate nudge interventions. Nudge is a non-regulatory approach that attempts to motivate individual behaviour change through subtle alterations in the choice environments that people face. It is argued in this article that government interventions ought to be more overt than that traditionally advocated by nudge adherents, and that governments should principally attempt to influence behaviour if the acts of those targeted are causing harm to others. With this in mind, governments can use the findings of behavioural economics, including present bias and loss aversion, to inform where and how to regulate directly against undesirable private sector activities. This behavioural economic-informed method of regulation is hereby termed budge, to indicate that, rather than nudging citizens, behavioural economics might be used more appropriately in the public sector to help inform regulation that budges harmful private sector activities.
Low levels of morning salivary α-amylase activity predict higher number of depressive symptoms in a community sample of children

Models of the etiology of depressive disorders suggest that the onset of a depressive episode is the result of a complex phenomenon based on the interaction between genetic background, critical environmental factors such as life stressors and traumatic events, and the effects of neuroendocrine changes associated with the stress response. Numerous studies have highlighted the usefulness of morning cortisol (C) as a potential predictor of depressive episodes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of C, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity/output, and the sAA/C ratio in predicting depressive symptoms in a community sample of 99 children aged 8-11 years old. Two saliva samples were obtained in the morning on two different school days. Teachers described their pupils' behavior by using the internalizing problems scales of the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF) questionnaire. Our results indicate that, regardless of gender, the best predictor of depressive/withdrawal scores and overall internalizing scores on the TRF was lower mean morning levels of sAA activity. Hence, sAA could be proposed as a biological marker for the risk of developing a first episode of depressive illness in child samples.
Some Distributions on Finite Rooted Binary Trees

We introduce some natural families of distributions on rooted binary ranked plane trees with a view toward unifying ideas from various fields, including macroevolution, epidemiology, computational group theory, search algorithms and other fields. In the process we introduce the notions of split-exchangeability and plane-invariance of a general Markov splitting model in order to readily obtain probabilities over various equivalence classes of trees that arise in statistics, phylogenetics, epidemiology and group theory.
Satellite geodetic imaging reveals internal deformation of western Tibet

It is often assumed that the majority of the interseismic strain accumulates around the major mapped geological block boundaries. However, numerous recent earthquakes in the continents have occurred on faults that were previously unidentified. Existing deformation data from Tibet are insufficiently dense to map the distribution of interseismic strain. Here we combine 265 interferograms formed from 166 radar images with GPS data to constrain a high‐resolution velocity field covering ∼200,000 km2 of western Tibet. We confirm that the slip rate of the Karakoram Fault is low (<6 mm/yr), but show that areas of focused strain do not coincide with the major fault structures. Some of this strain is due to postseismic relaxation after a Mw 6.8 earthquake that occurred in 1996 on a structure that is difficult to identify in satellite imagery. Models of seismic hazard that rely on imperfect knowledge of the boundaries of crustal blocks can therefore underestimate hazard from unknown faults.