Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of the reflection spectrum of the LMXB 4U 1702-429

The source 4U 1702-429 (Ara X-1) is a low-mass X-ray binary system hosting a neutron star. Albeit the source is quite bright ( $\sim10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$) its broadband spectrum has never been studied. Neither dips nor eclipses have been observed in the light curve suggesting that its inclination angle is smaller than 60$^{\circ}$. We analysed the broadband spectrum of 4U 1702-429 in the 0.3-60 keV energy range, using XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL data, to constrain its Compton reflection component if it is present. After excluding the three time intervals in which three type-I X-ray bursts occurred, we fitted the joint XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL spectra obtained from simultaneous observations. A broad emission line at 6.7 keV and two absorption edges at 0.87 and 8.82 keV were detected. We found that a self-consistent reflection model fits the 0.3-60 keV spectrum well. The broadband continuum is composed of an emission component originating from the inner region of the accretion disc, a Comptonised direct emission coming from a corona with an electron temperature of $2.63 \pm 0.06$ keV and an optical depth $\tau=13.6 \pm 0.2$, and, finally, a reflection component. The best-fit indicates that the broad emission line and the absorption edge at 8.82 keV, both associated with the presence of \ion{Fe}{xxv} ions, are produced by reflection in the region above the disc with a ionisation parameter of $Log(\xi) \simeq 2.7$. We have inferred that the inner radius, where the broad emission line originates, is $64^{+52}_{-15}$ km, and the inner radius of the accretion disc is $39^{+6}_{-8}$ km. (Abridged)
The effect of initial seed density on the structure of a desert annual plant community

1 Few experiments directly test the role of density dependence in natural plant communities. 2 We tested (i) whether different initial seed densities of the entire seed bank of an annual plant community affected performance (emergence, mean plant biomass and survival) and (ii) whether density‐dependent processes were operating within the communities. We also tested whether life‐stage, year and soil moisture (both on a topographic gradient and in an experimental manipulation) influenced the effects of seed density. 3 We considered two distinct phases: seed to emergent seedlings, and emergent seedlings to established plants. 4 The seed bank was collected from a semistabilized sand dune in the Negev Desert, Israel. This was added to sieved sand in plots at the same site at four different initial seed densities: 1/16×, 1/4×, 1× (natural seed density) and 2×. The experiment was repeated for three consecutive growing seasons. 5 Emergence of seedlings was significantly influenced by initial seed density in all 3 years, with higher initial seed densities having lower rates of emergence. 6 Mean final plant size was negatively density dependent and consistently unaffected by the initial seed density sown. 7 In general, there were no strong interactions of topographic position with initial seed density, processes within the vegetation were not density dependent and the experimental addition of water did not influence any of the performance measures tested. Density‐dependent processes vary from year to year, while moisture effects do not. 8 We conclude that seedling emergence and some processes in the established plant community are density dependent, but the established plant community is also affected by other processes, such as resource limitation.
Bioremediation of Diuron in Soil Environment: Influence of Cyanobacterial Mat

Diuron is a herbicide widely used in the Middle East; its field application creates many environmental problems. This study investigated the bioremediation of Diuron in soil environment by Cyanobacterial mats collected from Gaza Wadi. Various concentrations of Diuron were injected in water saturated soil samples pre-treated with Cyanobacterial mat for several periods. Percent growth of Jews mallow as a test plant was taken as indicator of biodegradation of Diuron. Results showed that Diuron was degraded in soil and degradation was more pronounced when Diuron was incubated with Cyanobacterial in the irrigation water. Larger applied rate of Cyanobacterial mat did not affect the biodegradation of Diuron. These encouraging results suggest that application of Cyanobacterial mat could be a suitable method to remediate soil pollution.
The Study of Postural Stability in an Earthquake-Simulated Environment Yields a Retained Cognitive Learning Outcome!

The objectives behind this work were to study postural stability in an earthquake-simulated environment and to investigate whether human postural control in withstanding the impact of earthquake tremors could be proven to be cognitively learned and retained over long stretches of time. Thus, an earthquake simulator was designed and developed to reproduce seismic activities compliant with the Richter magnitude and the Mercalli intensity scales. A commercial biopotential data-acquisition system was also used to measure the head acceleration and collect dynamic electromyographic data from lower extremity muscles. Ten abled-adult volunteers participated in the study. Each participant underwent three test trials which spanned over one week. Every trial was comprised of 10 stages, beginning with quiet standing and followed by increasing simulated earthquake magnitudes from 4.5 to 6.5 degrees on the Richter's scale. Data analysis revealed notable increase in lower extremity muscular activity and head acceleration in the control of postural stability. In addition, the repeated trials showed statistically significant reductions in the recorded data suggesting an adaptive and retained learning about the perturbed environment. The study outcomes could be useful in determining the threshold of falling within different subject populations during an earthquake. The earthquake simulator, as well, could be used in schools, rehabilitation centers, and other community public service locations, found on seismic belts, to train individuals who are at risk of falling during earthquakes.
The urban design guideline and conceptual model development for improving the quality of visual appeal of pedestrian; Mashhad Monfared Street Pedestrian

According to the formation of initial steps in urban pedestrian design of Iran, this study tries to prepare visual-spatial quality measurement framework for urban pedestrians to evaluate the quality of visual appeal of pedestrians and on the other hand it provides the promotion of their visual quality and effective use in the next experiences. in this regard and on the basis of comparative comparison and according to the principle of interment understanding of experts and scholars opinions, this study analyzes the related theoretical foundations and develops a special conceptual model to evaluate visual appeal of pedestrians. Designing for pedestrians requires more attention than designing for vehicles on the other hand, perhaps the most problematic criterion of walkability that is less discussed is visual-spatial quality. this study that has practical aspects, develops model and components of pedestrians visual appeal by analyzing theoretical documents and studies and then assess the situation of the study area -Mashhad Monfared street- based on theoretical framework and finally, it offers a designing guideline to improve visual appeal of Monfared pedestrian.
Word count : 7853 Joy , Schadenfreude , Sorrow and Resentment as Responses Restoring Balance in Cognitive Units

Based on Heider’s (1958) balance theory we hypothesize that emotional responses to other persons’ outcomes depend on attitudes towards these persons. Positive attitudes towards others lead to empathic responses to their outcomes– joy after a success and sorrow after a failure. Negative attitudes result in paradoxical responses – negative to a success (resentment) and positive to a failure (schadenfreude). These emotions function as responses restoring balance within cognitive units consisting of the perceiver, other persons and their outcomes. Three studies supported these hypotheses and showed that deservingness considerations play a weaker role in shaping emotional responses of joy and sorrow to others’ outcomes when strong interpersonal attitudes are involved. However, deservingness plays an independent role in shaping the emotional response of resentment.
Physical Brownian motion in a magnetic field as a rough path

The indefinite integral of the homogenized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is a well-known model for physical Brownian motion, modelling the behaviour of an object subject to random impulses [L. S. Ornstein, G. E. Uhlenbeck: On the theory of Brownian Motion. In: Physical Review. 36, 1930, 823-841]. One can scale these models by changing the mass of the particle, and in the small mass limit one has almost sure uniform convergence in distribution to the standard idealized model of mathematical Brownian motion. This provides one well-known way of realising the Wiener process. However, this result is less robust than it would appear, and important generic functionals of the trajectories of the physical Brownian motion do not necessarily converge to the same functionals of Brownian motion when one takes the small mass limit. In the presence of a magnetic field the area process associated to the physical process converges - but not to Lévy’s stochastic area. As this area is felt generically in settings where the particle interacts through force fields in a non-linear way, the remark is physically significant and indicates that classical Brownian motion, with its usual stochastic calculus, is not an appropriate model for the limiting behaviour. We compute explicitly the area correction term and establish convergence, in the small mass limit, of the physical Brownian motion in the rough path sense. The small mass limit for the motion of a charged particle in the presence of a magnetic field is, in distribution, an easily calculable, but “non-canonical” rough path lift of Brownian motion. Viewing the trajectory of a charged Brownian particle with small mass as a rough path is informative and allows one to retain information that would be lost if one only considered it as a classical trajectory. We comment on the importance of this point of view.
Prediction of Inter-Provincial Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China: Based on Logistic Model

Under the assumption that carbon emissions are proportional to energy consumption, we collect some data on energy consumption and cement production to calculate the gross carbon emissions of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2002 to 2011. A logistic model is built to estimate the carbon emissions. Based on this, the carbon emissions of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2012 to 2020 are estimated, and the carbon intensity that can be reduced is also calculated. The conclusion is that China may achieve the goal to cut the CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by 40~45% by 2020 off 2005 level when the economic growth is over 8%. At the end, we put forward some comprehensive suggestions on mitigation and prospected the outlook of carbon emissions. Keywords-low-carbon economy; inter-provincial; carbon emissions; adjustment of industrial structure
On the breakdown of perturbative integrability in large N matrix models

We study the perturbative integrability of the planar sector of a massive SU(N) matrix quantum mechanical theory with global SO(6) invariance and Yang-Mills-like inter- action. This model arises as a consistent truncation of maximally supersymmetric Yang- Mills theory on a three-sphere to the lowest modes of the scalar fields. In fact, our studies mimic the current investigations concerning the integrability properties of this gauge the- ory. Like in the field theory we can prove the planar integrability of the SO(6) model at first perturbative order. At higher orders we restrict ourselves to the widely studied SU(2) subsector spanned by two complexified scalar fields of the theory. We show that our toy model satisfies all commonly studied integrability requirements such as degeneracies in the spectrum, existence of conserved charges and factorized scattering up to third perturbative order. These are the same qualitative features as the ones found in super Yang-Mills theory, which were enough to conjecture the all-loop integrability of that theory. For the SO(6) model, however, we show that these properties are not sufficient to predict higher loop in- tegrability. In fact, we explicitly demonstrate the breakdown of perturbative integrability at fourth order.
Dependence of dislocation damping on helium-3 concentration in helium-4 crystals

The mechanical properties of crystals are strongly affected by dislocation mobility. Impurities can bind to dislocations and interfere with their motion, causing changes in the crystal's shear modulus and mechanical dissipation. In 4He crystals, the only impurities are 3He atoms, and they can move through the crystal at arbitrarily low temperatures by quantum tunneling. When dislocations in 4He vibrate at speeds v < 45 μm/sec, bound 3He impurities move with the dislocations and exert a damping force B3v on them. In order to characterize 4He dislocation networks and determine the 3He binding energy, it is usually assumed that B3 is proportional to the concentration of 3He bound to the dislocations. In this preliminary report, we determine B3 in a crystal with 2.32 ppm 3He and compare with our previous measurements of B3 in natural purity 4He crystals to verify the assumption of proportionality.
Pregnancy outcome following swim up preparation of both fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa

This study was designed to assess the impact of swim up preparation of both fresh and cryopreserved sperm on the pregnancy outcome in a private fertility centre in Lagos. A cross-sectional prospective analysis of 34 asthenozoospermic semen samples of men whose wives were undergoing assisted reproduction was studied. The basic semen parameters comprising of the volume, count, and motility of the sperm before and after swim up preparations with pregnancy outcome were measured. For fresh semen (n = 28, mean age = 37.0 ± 1.1 years, mean volume = 2.16 ± 0.1 ml), the sperm count decreased significantly (p<0.01) from the pre swim up value of 55.4 ± 3.10 to 44.6 ± 3.20 x 10 6 /ml post swim up. While, the motility increased significantly (p<0.01) from 39.6 ± 3.84 to 58.5 ± 4.29%. The percentage pregnancy outcome in the fresh semen was 66%. For the cryopreserved semen (n = 6, mean age = 41.0 ± 5.4 years, mean volume = 1.8 ± 0.1 ml), the sperm count decreased significantly (p<0.01) from pre swim up value of 35.6 ± 3.03 to 33.3 ± 4.33 x 10 6 /ml post swim up, while the motility increased significantly (p<0.01) from 25.1 ± 4.01 to 32.8 ± 6.18%. The pregnancy outcome of cryopreserved was 30%. The pregnancy outcome was higher with fresh than the cryopreserved semen. However, the motility was a significant indicator for the successful outcome. Swim up procedure improve the motility of both cryopreserved and fresh semen with a better pregnancy outcome in this study.
p 53 R 2 expression as a prognostic biomarker in early stage non-small cell lung cancer

p53R2 is a small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) which has 80% homology to hRRM2 and metastasissuppressing potential. Previous reports suggested that the expression of p53R2 is used as a prognostic factor and chemotherapy response indicator in several types of cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the association of p53R2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunohistochemistry was conducted on a tissue array including 92 early stage NSCLC samples. Correlations between p53R2 and clinicopathological factors, recurrence/metastasis and outcomes were analyzed. The analyses showed that there was no correlation between p53R2 expression and the clinicopathological factors. Among disease-free patients during follow-up, patients with p53R2(+) had a better outcome than those with p53R2(-) (P=0.022). By using Cox multivariate regression analysis, p53R2 (risk factor 3.801; 95% CI 1.004-9.454; P=0.044) served as a prognostic biomarker in the prediction of the survival rate for NSCLC patients. Detection of the RR subunit p53R2 may therefore be a useful prognostic marker in early stage NSCLC.
La crisis del modelo de crecimiento de la postguerra y su repercusión en la viabilidad del modelo social europeo

Aunque con el modelo de crecimiento economico inaugurado tras la II Guerra Mundial, que, como es sabido, coincidio con una fase de expansion economica casi ininterrumpida, evidentemente no se superaran los problemas de desigualdad social, concentracion de capitales y otros aspectos de desequilibrio y/o malestar sociales, lo cierto es que, en general, ese periodo que va desde 1945 a 1973, designado como la
Acquisition of Grass Harvesting Characteristics Information and Improvement of the Accuracy of Topographical Surveys for the GIS by Sensor Fusion (I) - Analysis of Grass Harvesting Characteristics by Sensor Fusion -

Purpose: This study aimed to install an RTK-GPS (Real Time Kinematic-Global Positioning System) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) on a tractor used in a farm to measure positi ons, pasture topography, posture angles, and vibration accelerations, translate the information into maps using the GIS, analyze the characteristics of grass harvesting work, and establish new technologies and construction standards for pasture infrastructure improvement based on the analyzed data. Method: Tractor’s roll, pitch, and yaw angles and vibration accelerations along the three axes during grass harvesting were measured and a GIS map prepared from the data. A VRS/RTK-GPS (MS750, Trimble, USA) tractor position measuring system and an IMU (JCS-7401A, JAE, JAPAN) tractor vibration acceleration measuring systems were mounted on top of a tractor and below the operator’s seat to obtain acceleration in the direction of progression, transverse acceleration, and vertical acceleration at 10Hz. In addition, information on regions with bad workability was obtained from an operator performing grass harvesting and compared with information on changes in tractor posture angles and vibration acceleration. Results: Roll and pitch angles based on the y-axis, the direction of forward movements of tractor coordinate systems, changed by at least 9-13° and 8-11° respectively, leading to changes in working postures in the central and northern parts of the pasture that were designated as regions with bad workability during grass harvesting. These changes were larger than those in other regions. The synthesized vectors of the vibration accelerations along the y-axis, the x-axis (transverse direction), and the z-axis (vertical direction) were higher in the central and northwestern parts of the pasture at 3.0-4.5 m/s2 compared with other regions. Conclusions: The GIS map developed using information on posture angles and vibration accelerations by position in the pasture is considered sufficiently utilizable as data for selection of construction locations for pasture infrastructure improvement.
The enigmatic iron oxyhydroxysulfate nanomineral schwertmannite: Morphology, structure, and composition

Abstract Two sets of precipitates collected from stream sediments in the Monte Romero (MR) and Tinto Santa Rosa (TSR) abandoned mine sites-located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) of Spain-were identified as the iron oxyhydroxysulfate nanomineral schwertmannite using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and bulk digestion and were further studied in great detail using analytical high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Extensive HRTEM observations suggest that schwertmannite should not be described as a single-phase mineral with a repeating unit cell, but as a polyphasic nanomineral with crystalline areas spanning less than a few nanometers within an amorphous matrix. The d-spacings measured from lattice fringes within schwertmannite’s needles match with d-spacings of the known transformation products of schwertmannite (goethite and jarosite). This finding implies that the initial stages of schwertmannite transformation occur as a gradual structural reordering at the nanoscale. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis applied across individual schwertmannite needles with ∼3 nm spot size resolution reveal a decreasing ratio of sulfur to iron and silicon to iron from the surface of the needle to the core with the silicon to iron ratio consistently higher than the sulfur to iron ratio. Amorphous silicon-rich precipitates were identified on the surface of the TSR schwertmannite. All of these observations explain why the measured solubility product of schwertmannite is variable, resulting in calculated stability fields that differ greatly from sample to sample. Arsenic is the most abundant trace element in these samples [MR: 0.218(1) wt% and TSR: 0.53(2) wt%], keeping in mind that schwertmannite has been shown to be a key player in the cycling of this element on a global basis, particularly from the IPB. Furthermore, arsenic in the TSR schwertmannite is associated with crystalline areas within its needle matrix, implying that schwertmannite-derived goethite nanocrystals may be an important host of arsenic.
Acceptance of GPS-based Augmented Reality Tourism Applications

The rapid development of Augmented Reality (AR) has resulted in an increased interest by the tourism industry to implement this cutting edge technology into the visitor experience at destinations. However, tourism research focusing on augmented reality is still relatively limited with only few studies focusing on augmented reality acceptance. This study uses an extended technology acceptance model to test tourists’ acceptance of GPS-based Augmented Reality application at a themepark in Jeju Island, South Korea. A total of 186 usable data were collected and analysed using a structural equation modelling. The findings show that personal innovation, trust and relative benefits influence tourists’ adoption of GPS-based AR applications.
Molecular cloning and characterization of P 5 CS gene from Jatropha curcas L .

∆1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, (P5CS) is a bifunctional enzyme (EC 2.7.2.11/1.2.1.41) that catalyses the first two steps of glutamate pathway in proline biosynthesis in plant. The JcP5CS was cloned from the leaves of Jatropha curcas L. The lengthen of the cDNA of JcP5CS was 2675 bp, containing a 2148 bp open reading frame, a 117 bp 5’-untranslated region and a 410 bp 3’-untranslated region. The open reading fragment (ORF) encoded a 715 amino acid polypeptide with the molecular weight of 77.54 kDa and the pI value of 6.11. JcP5CS was composed of N-terminal Glutamate-5-kinase (G5K, ProB) and C-terminal glutamic-γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GSA-DH, ProA) domains. The conserved Glu-5-kinase, GSA-DH domains, conserved leucine zipper and the putative ATP and NAD(P)H-binding sites was also found. The JcP5CS protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and showed high enzymatic activities. The real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the JcP5CS was induced by drought and salt stress, but not cold stress.