Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The C++ Information Abstractor

The C++ Information Abstractor, cia++, builds a database of information extracted from C++ programs. The database can serve as a foundation for the rapid development of C++ programming tools. Such tools include tools that graphically display various views of the program structure, tools that answer queries about program symbols and relationships, and tools that extract self-contained components from a large system. Cia++ is a new abstractor implementation based on the design of the C Information Abstractor. This paper describes the conceptual model of cia++ and examples of relational views and applications developed on the C++ program database. It also presents some aspects of the implementation.
Trends in childhood asthma: prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality.

OBJECTIVES Our objective was to use national data to produce a comprehensive description of trends in childhood asthma prevalence, health care utilization, and mortality to assess changes in the disease burden among US children. METHODS Five data sources from the National Center for Health Statistics were used to describe trends in asthma for children aged 0 to 17 years from 1980 to the most recent year for which data were available. These included the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, the National Hospital Discharge Survey, and the Mortality Component of the National Vital Statistics System. RESULTS Asthma prevalence increased by an average of 4.3% per year from 1980 to 1996, from 3.6% to 6.2%. The peak prevalence was 7.5% in 1995. In 1997, asthma attack prevalence was 5.4%, but changes in the NHIS design in 1997 preclude comparison to previous estimates. Asthma attack prevalence remained level from 1997 to 2000. After a decrease between 1980 and 1989, the asthma office visit rate increased by an average of 3.8% per year from 1989 to 1999. The asthma hospitalization rate grew by 1.4% per year from 1980 to 1999. Although childhood asthma deaths are rare, the asthma death rate increased by 3.4% per year from 1980 to 1998. Children aged 0 to 4 years had the largest increase in prevalence and had greater health care use, but adolescents had the highest mortality. The asthma burden was borne disproportionately by black children throughout the period. Racial disparities were largest for asthma hospitalizations and mortality: compared with white children, in 1998-1999, black children were >3 times as likely to be hospitalized and in 1997-1998 >4 times as likely to die from asthma. CONCLUSIONS Recent data suggest that the burden from childhood asthma may have recently plateaued after several years of increasing, although additional years of data collection are necessary to confirm a change in trend. Racial and ethnic disparities remain large for asthma health care utilization and mortality.
Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose: Subarachnoid hemorrhage remains a devastating disease. Identification of etiologic risk factors would allow the possibility of prevention. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study in King County, Washington. Patients whose bleeds originated from a source other than an aneurysm were excluded. Two age- and gendermatched control subjects were identified for each case through random digit telephone dialing. A standardized in-person interview was conducted with the patient whenever possible, a proxy respondent for the case in all instances, the two control subjects, and their proxies. Analyses involved conditional logistic regression taking into account matching on age, gender and respondent type. Results: Over 2 years, 169 cases were identified, and 149 participated in the case-control study. Compared with those who never smoked, the odds ratio for current heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/day) was 11.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-24.9); for current light smokers (≤20 cigarettes/day), 4.1 (95% CI, 2.3-7.3); and for former smokers, 1.8 (95% CI, 1.0-3.2). The risk associated with smoking was greatest in the 3 hours after a cigarette (odds ratio [OR]=7.0; 95% CI, 3.7-13.1) and then fell, not reaching the risk in those who had never smoked until more than 10 years had passed since the last cigarette. Heavy alcohol use (>2 drinks/day) was also associated with bleeds (OR=2.2; 95% CI, 0.9-5.1, after adjusting for smoking status). These associations were not substantially altered after adjusting for several possible confounding factors, including a history of hypertension. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol use are associated with the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi in the mouse writhing test.

PURPOSE Dracocephalum kotschyi is a wild-growing flowering plant belonging to the family Labiatae and found abundantly in Iran. This plant has been used in Iran folk medicine as analgesic. METHODS The Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil was isolated and studied on writhing test a visceral pain model in mice. Different constituents of the essential oil were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry technique. RESULTS Limonene, verbenone, alpha-terpineol, perillyl alcohol and caryophyllene were the major constituents of the essential oil. The essential oil in doses (mg kg-1) used 12.5 (13.9%, P<0.05), 25 (43.1%, P<0.01), 50 (68.7%, P<0.01), 75 (39.8%, P<0.01) induced significant reduction in pain response when compared to control. The ED50 was 61.61 mg kg(-1). Hyoscine (1 mg kg(-1)) and indomethacin (5 mg kg(-1)) induced significant (P<0.01) reductions (74.9% and 76.7% respectively) in pain response in comparison to control. CONCLUSION This study confirms that antinociceptive properties of D. kotschyi are comparable to those of hyoscine and indomethacin used. Presence of limonene and alpha-terpineol might be responsible for antinociceptive properties of this essential oil. Further studies are necessary to find out a place for it in antispasmodic therapies in human
Corneal biomechanics – a review

In recent years, the interest in corneal biomechanics has strongly increased. The material properties of the cornea determine its shape and therefore play an important role in corneal ectasia and related pathologies. This review addresses the molecular origin of biomechanical properties, models for their description, methods for their characterisation, techniques for their modification, and computational simulation approaches.
The liver stage of Plasmodium berghei inhibits host cell apoptosis

Plasmodium berghei is the causative agent of rodent malaria and is widely used as a model system to study the liver stage of Plasmodium parasites. The entry of P. berghei sporozoites into hepatocytes has extensively been studied, but little is known about parasite–host interaction during later developmental stages of the intracellular parasite. Growth of the parasite far beyond the normal size of the host cell is an important stress factor for the infected cell. Cell stress is known to trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis) and we examined several apoptotic markers in P. berghei‐infected cells and compared their level of expression and their distribution to that of non‐infected cells. As none of the apoptotic markers investigated were found altered in infected cells, we hypothesized that parasite infection might confer resistance to apoptosis of the host cell. Treatment with peroxide or serum deprivation induced apoptosis in non‐infected HepG2 cells, whereas P. berghei‐infected cells appeared protected, indicating that the parasite interferes indeed with the apoptotic machinery of the host cell. To prove the physiological relevance of these results, mice were infected with high numbers of P. berghei sporozoites and treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α/d‐galactosamine to induce massive liver apoptosis. Liver sections of these mice, stained for degraded DNA, confirmed that infected cells containing viable parasites were protected from programmed cell death. However, in non‐treated control mice as well as in TNF‐α‐treated mice a small proportion of dead intracellular parasites with degraded DNA were detected. Most hepatocytes containing dead parasites provoked an infiltration of immunocompetent cells, indicating that these cells are no longer protected from cell death.
Cooperative Regulation of Mcl-1 by Janus Kinase/STAT and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Contribute to Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Delayed Apoptosis in Human Neutrophils1

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are phagocytic cells constitutively programmed for apoptotic cell death. Exposure to GM-CSF delays apoptosis as measured by annexin-V staining and cell morphological change. We found that STAT5B, STAT1, and STAT3 DNA-binding activity was induced by GM-CSF. We also detected activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway after GM-CSF treatment which was inhibited by treatment with the PI 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002. We investigated whether STAT or PI 3-kinase activity was necessary for the pro-survival response of GM-CSF in PMN. Exposure of PMN to GM-CSF in the presence of either AG-490, antisense STAT3 oligonucleotides, or wortmannin resulted in a partial inhibition of GM-CSF-mediated pro-survival activity. GM-CSF induced a time-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family protein, Mcl-1. We examined the hypothesis that Janus kinase/STAT and PI 3-kinase regulation of Mcl-1 contributed to GM-CSF-delayed apoptosis. Using either AG-490 or wortmannin alone, we observed a dose-dependent inhibition of GM-CSF-induced Mcl-1 expression. Using suboptimal doses of AG-490 and wortmannin, we found that both drugs together had an additive effect on delayed apoptosis and Mcl-1 expression. These data suggest that cooperative regulation of Mcl-1 by the Janus kinase/STAT and PI 3-kinase pathways contribute to GM-CSF-delayed apoptosis.
Effect of radiotherapy and other treatmentrelated factors on mid to longterm cognitive sequelae in lowgrade gliomas: a comparative study

Background Because survival benefits of treatment with radiotherapy are questionable and such treatment can cause substantial damage to the brain over time, the optimum management strategy for low-grade gliomas remains controversial. We aimed to identify the specific effects of radiotherapy on objective and self-reported cognitive function, and on cognitive deterioration over time, in patients with low-grade gliomas treated with early radiotherapy. Methods 195 patients with low-grade glioma (of whom 104 had received radiotherapy 1–22 years previously) were compared with 100 low-grade haematological patients and 195 healthy controls. Our analyses aimed to differentiate between the effects of the tumour (eg, disease duration, lateralisation) and treatment effects (neurosurgery, radiotherapy, antiepileptic drugs) on cognitive function and on relative risk of cognitive disability. Findings Low-grade glioma patients had lower ability in all cognitive domains than did low-grade haematological patients, and did even less well by comparison with healthy controls. Use of radiotherapy was associated with poorer cognitive function; however, cognitive disability in the memory domain was found only in radiotherapy patients who received fraction doses exceeding 2 Gy. Antiepileptic drug use was strongly associated with disability in attentional and executive function. Interpretation Our findings suggest that the tumour itself has the most deleterious effect on cognitive function and that radiotherapy mainly results in additional long-term cognitive disability when high fraction doses are used. Additionally, the effects of other medical factors, especially antiepileptic drug use, on cognitive function in glioma patients deserve attention.
The Long-Term Effects of Cash Assistance

2. Why should we care about it? Income inequality has been widely observed in many countries during the past few decades. In order to mitigate this phenomenon, many researchers and policymakers tend to find the solutions to it. In this paper, the authors focused on the long-term effects of cash assistance for beneficiaries and their children in the Seattle and Denver. This paper also created a matching technique, called novel algorithm, to overcome the difficulty on data analysis. The results of this analysis is useful for us to understand whether the cash assistance is a sustainable way to reduce poverty and inequality.
Zum Verhältnis von kulturellen Werten und gesellschaftlichen Strukturen in der Schweiz : das Beispiel regionaler Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen der Geschlechterungleichheit

Abstract. Das Geschlechterverhaltnis an einem bestimmten Ort kann gemass neueren Theorien der Geschlechterforschung (Gender Studies) als Resultat eines Aushandlungs- und Kompromissbildungsprozesses zwischen gesellschaftlichen Akleurinnen und Akteuren gedeutet werden. In diesem Arrangement werden die Werte und Leitbilder der Menschen uber eine angemessene, «richtige» Rollenteilung zwischen Frau und Mann (Geschlechterkultur) mit den wirtschaftlichen, politischen und anderen institutionellen Strukturen des Geschlechterverhaltnisses (Geschlechterordnung) miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt und in ein mehr oder weniger hohes Mass an Ubereinstimmung gebracht. Eine regional differenzierte Auswertung sekundarstatistischer Daten (eidgenossische Volks- und Betriebszahlungen sowie Volksabstimmungen) belegt, dass in der Schweiz sowohl in Bezug auf die regional vorherrschende Geschlechterkultur als auch in Bezug auf die Geschlechterordnung teilweise betrachtliche regionale Differenzen vorhanden sind. Dabei besteht ein deutlich erkennbarer Zusammenhang zwischen regionaler Geschlechterkultur und regionaler Geschlechterordnung. Dort, wo die Ergebnisse der Volksabstimmungen insgesamt eine gleichstellungsfreundlichere Einstellung der Stimmbevolkerung zum Ausdruck bringen, ist auch die Geschlechterungleichheit insgesamt relativ geringer als in Regionen mit einer weniger gleichstellungsfreundlich eingestellten Stimmbevolkerung. Die Ergebnisse dieser vom Schweizerischen Nationalfonds finanzierten Studie stutzen die Erkenntnis, dass das Verhaltnis der Geschlechter ein soziales und kulturell variables und kein «naturliches» oder selbstverstandliches Phanomen darstellt.
Big Data for Social Media Evaluation: A Case of Wechat Platform Rankings in China

Social media develop rapidly with a growing number of large-scale data generated. With big data, the demand for premiere content requires professional assessing and ranking system. Wechat, as the most popular social media platform, has become ubiquitous and important in China. Wechat public accounts ranking help business parts, government organs and users to approach high quality information effectively and maintain a sustainable environment for social media development. This paper introduced three different ranking systems in China on Wechat Public Accounts and analyze how they evaluate and assess big data generated though social media with their distinctive features: comprehensive, encouragement, regional. Further suggestions are proposed for the ranking systems with big data generated from social media platforms as well.
Silkworm Nuclease-Its Nature and Promise

An endonuclease was purified from the digestive juice of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori. The enzyme hydrolyses both DNA and RNA endolytically with little base specificity, yielding di- and trinucleotides terminating in 5’-phosphate. Polynucleotides terminated in 3’ -phosphate gave dinucleosidemonophosphates and trinucleosidediphosphates from 5’-end, di- and trinucleotides from inside, and mononucleosidediphosphates, dinucleosidetriphosphates, and trinucleosidetet raphosphates from 3’-end, respectively. Taking advantage of these peculiar nature of the nuclease, an oligonucleotide addition procedure was devised to sequence nucleic acids from the overlapping pattern of the fragments of digestion by the nuclease. Proven and potential usefulness of the silkworm endonuclease in the structural work on nucleic acids and specificity analysis of nucleolytic enzymes were discussed.
Rationale-based therapeutic combinations with PI3K inhibitors in cancer treatment

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling is important for cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Hyperactivation of this pathway is one of the most common signaling abnormalities observed in cancer and a substantial effort has recently been made to develop molecules targeting this signaling cascade. However, it is becoming evident that PI3K inhibitors used as single agents do not elicit dramatic or durable responses. Given the numerous mechanisms mediating intrinsic and acquired resistance to these agents, hypothesis-based combinatorial strategies are probably needed to fully exploit their antitumor activity. In the first part of this review, we briefly dissect the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and list the most advanced compounds targeting different nodes of this cascade. The second part focuses on what we believe to be the most promising rationale-based therapeutic combinations with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in solid tumors, with special emphasis on breast cancer.
Efficacy of pefloxacin-fosfomycin in experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The efficacies of pefloxacin, fosfomycin, and both of these agents in combination against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were assessed in a rat endocarditis model. The combination prevented emergence of the fosfomycin and pefloxacin resistance seen in 36 and 4%, respectively, of animals receiving either agent alone and was more effective than either agent in sterilizing cardiac vegetations.
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Neglect Rehabilitation: An Update

Here, we review the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the rehabilitation of neglect. We found 12 studies including 172 patients (10 TMS studies and 2 tDCS studies) fulfilling our search criteria. Activity of daily living measures such as the Barthel Index or, more specifically for neglect, the Catherine Bergego Scale were the outcome measure in three studies. Five studies were randomized controlled trials with a follow-up time after intervention of up to 6 weeks. One TMS study fulfilled criteria for Class I and one for Class III evidence. The studies are heterogeneous concerning their methodology, outcome measures, and stimulation parameters making firm comparisons and conclusions difficult. Overall, there are however promising results for theta-burst stimulation, suggesting that TMS is a powerful add-on therapy in the rehabilitation of neglect patients.
Improving LTE/LTE-A UE Power Efficiency with Extended DRX Cycle

Recently introduced UE types, such as Machine Type Communications (MTC) devices, require extremely efficient power saving mechanisms to operate in harsh situations for a long period with limited charging opportunities. Typical MTC devices, e.g., meters or sensors, access the network very infrequently, once per a few days or even months, but they have to suppress their power consumption as much as possible to survive the period with batteries or internal power sources with limited generation capabilities. During the idle mode in which the activity of UE is minimal, UE has to periodically monitor a control channel, PDCCH, to receive paging messages or identify whether system information is updated. In the LTE/LTE-A nomenclature, such a period is called Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle. In this paper, we outline the envisioned gain in power consumption when longer DRX cycle is applied, and explain the procedures to enable longer DRX. We analyze the impact of introducing the feature on the operation of the networks, and provide a guideline to facilitate longer DRX.
Minimal-invasive treatment of distal femoral fractures with the LISS (Less Invasive Stabilization System)A prospective study of 30 fractures with a follow up of 20 months

BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the best treatment of distal femoral fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective study, we treated 29 patients with 30 distal femoral fractures with the Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) from 1997 to 2000. Almost 1/2 of them had open fractures, 1/3 extraarticular type A and 2/3 articular fractures type C (AO classification) and these had been caused by high-energy trauma with concomitant severe injuries or osteoporosis. RESULTS The follow-up examinations after mean 20 (13-42) months consisted of radiographs, and determination of the Lysholm Knee Score and Knee Society Score (KSS). The outcome correlated with the severity of the fracture, anatomic reduction, exact positioning and fixation of the LISS and concomitant injuries. INTERPRETATION We found the LISS for treatment of distal femoral fractures of all types to be a safe procedure with good results after careful planning and experience with this surgical technique. There is usually no need for primary cancellous bone grafting.
Human Tracking by a Multi-rotor Drone Using HOG Features and Linear SVM on Images Captured by a Monocular Camera

Abstract—In recent years, many researches of the drone (unmanned vehicles) have been carried out. Above all, the drone such as a multi-rotor craft might monitor and track suspicious person and find sufferers from disasters because it can move freely in the air. In the present research, a method was proposed that a multi-rotor drone can track a human by processing the two-dimensional images captured by a monocular camera installed on the multi-rotor drone. Furthermore, it can detect human without the differences of colors and movements of a target by using the Histograms of Oriented gradients (HOG) features and the linear Support Vector Machine (SVM). Then, it was shown that the multi-rotor drone could track a human by the proposed method.
Diffusion-driven mechanisms of protein translocation on nucleic acids. 2. The Escherichia coli repressor--operator interaction: equilibrium measurements.

ABSTRACT: In this paper the equilibrium binding of lac re- pressor to operator sites has been studied as a function of monovalent salt concentration, of length of the DNA molecule containing the operator, and (by using various natural lac “pseudo”-operators) of operator base pair sequence. The nitrocellulose filter assay has been used to obtain values of repressor-operator association constants (KRO), both directly and as ratios of association to dissociation rate constants (k,/kd). Measurements of KRo have been made in the absence of MgZf or other divalent ions, allowing a direct estimate [Record, M. T. , Jr., Lohman, T. M. , & deHaseth, P. L. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 107, 1451 of the contribution of electrostatic (charge-charge) interactions to the stability of the RO com- plexes. Using lac operator containing DNA restriction frag- ments of known size, we have shown the following: (i) The magnitide of the RO interaction is salt concentration de- pendent. A plot of log