Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapy, pharmacogenomics, and the future of alcohol dependence treatment, Part 2.

PURPOSE The neurobiological basis of alcohol dependence, established pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence, pharmacotherapies under investigation, and obstacles to treatment are discussed. SUMMARY Alcohol binds to hydrophobic pockets of proteins, changing their three-dimensional structure and their function. Proteins that are particularly sensitive to alcohol include ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and enzymes involved in signal transduction. Established pharmacologic treatments, notably disulfiram and naltrexone, combined with behavioral therapies, may reduce the amount of drinking, the risk of relapse, the number of days of drinking, and craving in some alcohol-dependent individuals. For many patients, however, these treatments are not effective. Recent advances in molecular and behavior genetics are guiding the development of new drugs; these efforts seek to identify pharmacologic pathways relevant to alcohol dependence and to more effectively match treatments to individuals according to their genetic characteristics. Efficacy and safety concerns for acamprosate have been satisfied; the drug was recently released for marketing in the United States. Medications such as sertraline, ondansetron, topiramate, and aripiprazole represent novel lines of research and are currently being tested for use in the treatment of alcoholism. Even with more efficacious medications, however, a transformation must occur in how alcoholism treatment is viewed, not only by the public but also by clinicians. CONCLUSION In addition to existing drug treatments for alcohol dependence, many other medications are under investigation, particularly for specific types of alcoholism. Pharmacogenomics is expected to play an important role in this research effort.
The Control Group Dilemma in Clinical Research: Applications for Psychosocial and Behavioral Medicine Trials

Objective Clinical research on psychosocial and behavioral medicine interventions has burgeoned in the past two decades, so much so that sole reliance on standard no-treatment control conditions may no longer be appropriate or feasible. We discuss the ethical, theoretical, scientific, and statistical considerations that shape current clinical outcomes research for psychosocial and behavioral medicine interventions. Method and Results Secondary analysis of a psychosocial randomized trial (N = 127) illustrates some of these points. Conclusions A new design for randomized clinical trials is described that does not require a no-treatment control group, and that reveals dose-response relationships between interventions and treatment outcomes.
A new expression for the evaluation of the beamwidth in 1-D leaky-wave antennas: Beyond Oliner's formula

In this work, we present a new formula for evaluating the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 1-D leaky-wave antennas (1-D LWAs). With respect to Oliner's formula, whose validity is restricted to certain hypothesis on the beam size and the pointing angle, our analysis is quite general, being accurate even when radiation points near endfire, where current formulas notably diverge. Even more interestingly, this new expression takes into account the dependence of the HPBW on different parameters, namely the length of the antenna, the pointing angle, and the attenuation constant. A simple approximate analytical formula is derived and validated through numerical results. To complete the picture, previous Oliner's formula is obtained as a limiting case of this general formulation. These results would provide a very useful tool for the correct prediction of the radiating features of 1-D LWAs.
A novel optical flow-based representation for temporal video segmentation

Temporal video segmentation is a field of multimedia research enabling us to temporally split video data into semantically coherent scenes. In order to develop methods challenging temporal video segmentation, detecting scene boundaries is one of the more widely used approaches. As a result, representation of temporal information becomes important. We propose a new temporal video segment representation to formalize video scenes as a sequence of temporal motion change information. The idea here is that some sort of change in the optical flow character determines motion change and cuts between consecutive scenes. The problem is eventually reduced to an optical flow-based cut detection problem from which the average motion vector concept is put forward. This concept is used for proposing a pixel-based representation enriched with a novel motion-based approach. Temporal video segment points are classified as cuts and noncuts according to the proposed video segment representation. Consequently, the proposed method and representation is applied to benchmark data sets and the results are compared to other state-of-the art methods.
G-CSF Promotes Bone Marrow Cells to Migrate into Infarcted Mice Heart, and Differentiate into Cardiomyocytes

A recent study showed that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment improved the infarcted cardiac function. Although mobilized stem cells may affect it, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the origins of stem cells and phenotypic changes of the migrated cells, and evaluated the efficacy of G-CSF. Eighteen C57BL/6 mice were irradiated (900 cGy) and GFP mouse-derived bone marrow cells (GFP-BMC: 106 cells) were injected via a tail vein followed by splenectomy 4 weeks later. Ligation of the left descending coronary artery was performed 2 weeks later. Recombinant human G-CSF (200 μg/kg/day) was injected for 3 days before and 5 days after ligation (group 1, n = 10). Saline was injected in group 2 (n = 8). Four weeks after infarction, hearts and other organs were fixed for histology. The survival rate after postoperative day 3 in group 1 was 100%, while that in group 2 was 50% (p = 0.03). Bone marrow-derived GFP cells (BMD-GFP) in group 1 (103.3 ± 71.9/mm2) were located at the infarcted border area significantly more than those in group 2 (43.6 ± 23.7/mm2) (p < 0.0001). BMD-GFP cells were positive for troponin I (16.6%), myosin heavy chain-slow (16.7%), and nestin (8.8%) in group 1. Ki-67-positive BMD-GFP in group 1 (10.0 ± 7.0/mm2) were significantly more than those in group 2 (4.8 ± 6.1/mm2) (p = 0.01). G-CSF increased the survival rate after infarction. G-CSF promoted BMC to migrate into the infarcted border area. Bone marrow was one of the origins of regenerated cardiomyocytes.
Detecting biomolecules with nanoscale active electronic devices

Nanoscale electronic devices offer bio-detection schemes that are complementary to optical detection methods. This paper reviews the utilization of field effect transistor devices with carbon nanotubes as conducting channels –the device architectures and detection schemes are reviewed in the paper 5592-34 presented at this meeting– for the detection and monitoring biological processes such as ligand-receptor interactions and enzymatic processes. A complex device with both biological and electronic functionality is also discussed.
The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT): Structure, function, and role in organic cation disposition

Plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a new polyspecific organic cation transporter that transports a variety of biogenic amines and xenobiotic cations. Highly expressed in the brain, PMAT represents a major uptake2 transporter for monoamine neurotransmitters. At the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, PMAT is the principal organic cation transporter for removing neurotoxins and drugs from the CSF. Here I summarize our latest understanding of PMAT and its roles in monoamine uptake and xenobiotic disposition.
Software-defined radar: recent experiments and results

Signal processing techniques employed by a software-defined radar are presented. First, the radar system is described in brief, illustrating how software-defined radios (SDRs) are leveraged to implement a baseline radar functionality. Next, multiple, required processing steps are presented, showing how target signatures can be extracted from raw radar measurements. All of these techniques are applied to the moving target indication (MTI) problem, and examples of multiple moving target signatures are displayed.
Degree of conversion in dental resins polymerized by Argon laser, halogen lamp and LED: a Raman study

Raman Spectroscopy was used in the present investigation to evaluate the degree of conversion of composite resin, photoactivated by the Halogen lamp, the Argon Laser beam and by the Light Emitting Diode. Eighteen circular blocks of resin (7mm X 2,5mm) were cured by the Halogen light source (n = 9, λ = 400-500nm, Power density = 478 mW/cm), by the Argon laser beam (n = 9, λ = 488nm, Power density = 625 mW/cm) and nine blocks (6mm X 3mm) by the LED (n = 9, λ = 475 ± 15nm, Power density = 190mW/cm) using the same irradiation time (20, 40 and 60 seconds). The resin surfaces were analyzed immediately after curing by Raman and FT-Raman Spectroscopy. The Raman results show changes of the relative intensities between the peaks at 1610 and the 1640cm, as a function of irradiation time. After 60s of irradiation time, the maximum degree of conversion reached for the samples cured either by the Argon laser, the Halogen lamp and LED were 66,4%, 62,2% and 52%, respectively. The Argon laser was more effective and shown a better biocompatibility, with less residual monomer in the bottom.
Human age estimation using extended Gabor like-features

Human facial features extraction is a prime task for different computer vision problems especially human age estimation. Age estimation is challenging due to age progression, extracting these features accurately are very important for better performance. This paper extends our previous work on facial age estimation that is based on the biologically inspired features (BIF). Two main technical contributions are presented: (1) we introduce a new set of Gabor features namely the Imaginary and Magnitude parts along with the commonly used real part, and (2) we analyze different facial regions using the Imaginary and Magnitude parts of Gabor features. The proposed features are tested on standard datasets showing their superiority over the state-of-the-art methods.
Middle cranial fossa schwannoma of the facial nerve.

1 Schmidt D. Diazepam. In: Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, editors. Antiepileptic drugs. 4 th Ed. New York: Raven Press 1995. p. 705-24. 2 Bourgeois BFD. Valproic acid: Clinical use. In: Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, editors. Antiepileptic drugs. 4 th Ed. New York: Raven Press 1995. p. 633-9. 3 Chapman AG. Valproate and myoclonus. Adv Neurol 1986;43:661-74. 4 Yamamoto LG, Yim GK. The role of intravenous valproic acid in status epilepticus. Pediatr Emerg Care 2000;16:296-8. 5 Sheth RD, Gidal BE. Intravenous valproic acid for myoclonic status epilepticus. Neurology 2000;54:1201. 6 Chez MG, Hammer MS, Loeffel M, et al. Clinical experience of three pediatric and one adult case of spike-and-wave status epilepticus treated with injectable valproic acid. J Child Neurol 1999;14:239-42. 7 Uberall MA, Trollmann R, Wunsiedler U, et al. Intravenous valproate in pediatric epilepsy patients with refractory status epilepticus. Neurology 2000;54:2188-9. 8 Ruggero GF, Varsi M, Smith MC. Valproic acid: mechanisms of action In: Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS, editors. Antiepileptic drugs. 4 th Ed. New York: Raven Press 1995. p. 581-8. 9 Loscher W. Valproate: A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic properties and mechanisms of action. Prog Neurobiol 1999;58:31-59. 10 Adin J, Arteaga R, Herranz JL, et al. The use of intravenous valproate. Rev Neurol 1999;29:744-53. 11 Czapinski P, Terczynski A. Intravenous valproic acid administration in status epilepticus. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1998;32:11-22. 12 Liron L, Chambost M, Depierre P, Peillon D, Combe C. Effectiveness of valproic acid for postanoxic action myoclonus. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1998;17:1247-9. 13 Bruni J, Willmore LJ, Wilder BJ. Treatment of postanoxic myoclonus with valproic acid. Can J Neurol Sci 1979;6:39-42. 14 Uberall MA, Trollmann R, Wunsiedler U, Wenzel D. Intravenous valproate in pediatric epilepsy patients with refractory status epilepticus. Neurology 2000;54:2188-9. 15 Sinha S, Naritoku DK. Intravenous valproate is well tolerated in unstable patients of status epilepticus. Neurology 2000;55:722-4. 16 Nita A, Limdi EF. The Safety of Rapid Valproic Acid Infusion (Brief Communication). Epilepsia 2000;41:1342-5. 17 Lowenstein DH, Alldredge BK. Status epilepticus. N Engl J Med 1998;338:970-6. 18 Perucca E. The new generation of antiepileptic drugs: Advantages and disadvantages. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1996;42:531-43.
[Abdominal Tuberculosis in children and adolescents. A diagnostic challenge].

OBJECTIVE To present our experience with abdominal tuberculosis in children and adolescents treated in our hospital from 2003 - 2014. MATERIAL AND METHODS It is a retrospective study. We have collected clinical records of inpatients <20 years old who were admitted at Hipolito Unanue Hospital from January 2003 to July 2014, with diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. RESULTS Among the overall 30 patients, 16 (53.33%) were female and 14 (46.67%) were male. The mean age of all patients was 16.5 years. The most common clinical features were abdominal pain in 29 (96.67%), fever in 26 (86.67%), ascites in 23 (76.67%) and loss of weight in 21 (70%). 63.33% of the patients were eutrophics, 13.34% were overweight or obese and only 23.33% suffered of malnutrition. TB contact was present in 10 (33.33%). Positive tuberculin skin tests were seen in 10%. Extra-abdominal tuberculosis was found in 22 patients (63.32%). 12 cases had coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis and 4 cases had pleural effusion. 12 patients (40%) had tuberculous peritonitis; 12 patients (40%) had intestinal tuberculosis and peritoneal tuberculosis and 4 patients (13.33%) had intestinal tuberculosis. Bacteriological confirmation of tuberculosis was achieved in 10 cases (33.33%). Antituberculous therapy for 6 months was effective in 29 cases. One patient died who multifocal tuberculosis with HIV had associated. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal tuberculosis is seen in 4.37% of children affected with tuberculosis, of which over 63% will have extra abdominal manifestations. Abdominal tuberculosis should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, fever, weight loss and abnormal chest radiography. Imaging can be useful for early diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis.
Discrimination of the road condition toward understanding of vehicle driving environments

Detection of vehicle driving environments is necessary to secure transport facilities safe from accidents and to keep the performance smooth. Road condition is one of the most important factors toward the detection of vehicle driving environments. Conventional road condition discrimination methods involved the use of optical or ultrasonic sensors. However, since these sensors could only provide spot information, detected results do not always reflect the spacious condition. To deal with this problem, a new algorithm that employs image analysis technology for discrimination of the road condition is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, for discrimination of the road condition, we focused on features related to water and snow on the road and we extracted these features by image analysis. Features related to water were extracted by the ratio of horizontal polarization image intensity to vertical polarization image intensity for each pixel. Features related to snow were extracted by texture analysis using the co-occurrence matrix. We employ a multivariate analysis to discriminate five kinds of the road conditions.
Noncoding sequence classification based on wavelet transform analysis: part I

DNA sequences in human genome can be divided into the coding and noncoding ones. Coding sequences are those that are read during the transcription. The identification of coding sequences has been widely reported in literature due to its much-studied periodicity. Noncoding sequences represent the majority of the human genome. They play an important role in gene regulation and differentiation among the cells. However, noncoding sequences do not exhibit periodicities that correlate to their functions. The ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA elements) and Epigenomic Roadmap Project projects have cataloged the human noncoding sequences into specific functions. We study characteristics of noncoding sequences with wavelet analysis of genomic signals.
Descending pathways controlling visually guided updating of reaching in cats

This study uses a previously described paradigm ( Pettersson et al., 1997 ) to investigate the ability of cats to change the direction of ongoing reaching when the target is shifted sideways; the effect on the switching latency of spinal cord lesions was investigated. Large ventral lesions transecting the ventral funicle and the ventral half of the lateral funicle gave a 20–30 ms latency prolongation of switching in the medial (right) direction, but less prolongation of switching directed laterally (left), and in one cat the latencies of switching directed laterally were unchanged. It may be inferred that the command for switching in the lateral direction can be mediated by the dorsally located cortico‐ and rubrospinal tracts whereas the command for short‐latency switching in the medial direction is mediated by ventral pathways. A restricted ventral lesion transecting the tectospinal pathway did not change the switching latency. Comparison of different ventral lesions revealed prolongation of the latency if the lesion included a region extending dorsally along the ventral horn and from there ventrally as a vertical strip, so it may be postulated that the command for fast switching, directed medially, is mediated by a reticulospinal pathway within this location. A hypothesis is forwarded suggesting that the visual control is exerted via ponto‐cerebellar pathways.
Perception of Dental Appearance and its Implication for Workers in Dental Organizations: A Review of Literature

Abstract Perception has a psychological basis and it is necessary to appreciate its application that it is not simply allied with ‘sensation’. There is a gap in the knowledge of the perception of dental appearance by patients, which has implication for workers in dental organizations. This narrative review of literature highlights these perceptions and their importance/ implications for dental workers. The search strategies used related published articles from 1969 and 2010. Within the limits of the narrative review done in this paper, dental pa tient’s perception is an important factor in the diagnosis and eventual successful management of the condition by dental professionals.
Fifty Years of the Neugebauer Equations

To appreciate the contribution of Dr. Neugebauer, it is useful to understand the art of color reproduction in printing as it was practiced in the United States from 1930 to 1940. Color printing by lithography, letterpress, and gravure in the 18th century was an art form. Color printing plates were created and printed by artists. Dramatic results required the use of several plates. In the early part of the century J.C. LeBlon made color prints using four plates, red, yellow, blue and black. He is often credited with the theory of three-color printing which states that all colors can be produced with this limited palette. His ideas and the method of producing images by hand engraving continued to be the practice even after photomechanical processes were well developed, and the practice survived well into the 20th century.
A rapid, robust multi-echo phase unwrapping method for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) using strategically acquired gradient echo (STAGE) data acquisition

Purpose: To unwrap multi-echo phase images for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in a rapid and robust manner without using complicated search algorithms. Background: Since QSM requires unaliased phase images as input, a reliable 3D phase unwrapping step is essential to reconstruct susceptibility maps. However, this is usually one of the most time-consuming steps in QSM, especially for multi-echo data acquisition. Methods: Strategically acquired gradient echo (STAGE) data are used to provide six flow compensated images with echo times of 2.5 ms, 7.5 ms, 8.75 ms, 12.5 ms, 17.5 ms and 18.75 ms. An unaliased phase image with an effective echo time of 1.25 ms can be created by a complex division between 7.5 ms and 8.75 ms. Using this short pseudo-echo data along with the acquired 2.5 ms data, all other echoes can be unwrapped using a bootstrapping approach. Results: The six echoes (384 × 288 × 64 × 6 voxels) acquired using STAGE data acquisition were unwrapped successfully. This resulted in reliable self-consistent QSM images in only 1 second compared to the quality guided 3DSRNCP algorithm, which took 137 seconds, and the Laplacian based algorithm, which took 23 seconds on the same computer. Conclusions: The proposed bootstrapping multi-echo unwrapping method provides a rapid, robust phase unwrapping method on a voxel-by-voxel basis for online QSM reconstruction.
Corticofugal projections from the visual cortices to the thalamus, pretectum and superior colliculus in the cat

Small lesions were placed in visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 7, and Clare‐Bishop in the cat, and the sites of terminal degeneration seen with Fink‐Heimer technique were plotted in thalamus, pretectum and superior colliculus. No degeneration was found in these sites after area 20 lesions; lesions in the other cortical areas gave different patterns of degeneration. Two major patterns were present, one from lesions in 17–18, one from lesions in 21, 7 and C‐B, with degeneration from 19 forming a transition between the two groups.
Defective products detection using adversarial AutoEncoder

In this paper, we aimed at discrimination of defects under conditions where there is a large number of good products and a small number of defective products. Although automation of a visual inspection is essential to improve the quality of products, either or both of the features extracted by the experts and balanced dataset are needed. We tackled such a problem. By combining AAE, which can extract features following any distribution and Hotelling's T-Square, which is an effective anomaly detection method when data follows a normal distribution, it is possible to discriminate defects with a small number of defective samples.
A study of oral rehydration therapy by midwives in a rural area near Ankara.

Oral rehydration fluid therapy was practiced in a rural district near Ankara. A total of 1237 children, 746 of whom were in the treatment group and the rest in the control group, were followed up for 16 months. In the treatment group, auxiliary nurse-midwives applied the fluid therapy to children with diarrheal diseases at home. A significant difference was found between the treatment and control groups with respect to weight gain; the treatment group gained 230.2 g in a month and the control group gained 189.9 g in a month. Also, the treatment group received fewer antibiotics and less referrals were made to health centers as compared with the control group. In conclusion, oral rehydration therapy was found to be a convenient and effective method in the management of diarrhea in the rural areas of Etimesgut district in Ankara.
Acute necrotizing (pseudomembranous) enterocolitis

NaC1, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus of phage-type groups ZZ and ZZZ was also isolated and was found to be resistant to penicillin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and streptomycin but sensitive to chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Staphylococci with these characteristics were also present in the gastric aspirate before death. The ileal contents yielded a heavy growth of Proteus and coliforms, and a moderate growth of hcemolytic and non-haemolytic CI. welchii.