Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Limited feedback MIMO techniques for temporally correlated channels and linear receivers

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto. fi Author Eduardo Zacarías B. Name of the doctoral dissertation Limited feedback MIMO techniques for temporally correlated channels and linear receivers Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 9/2012 Field of research Signal processing for mobile wireless networks Manuscript submitted 22 June 2011 Manuscript revised 9 December 2011 Date of the defence 3 February 2012 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract Advanced mobile wireless networks will make extensive use of multiantenna (MIMO) transceivers to comply with high requirements of data rates and reliability. The use of feedback channels is of paramount importance to achieve this goal in systems employing frequency division duplexing (FDD). The design of the feedback mechanism is challenging due to the severe constraints imposed by computational complexity and feedback bandwidth restrictions. This thesis addresses the design of transmission strategies in both single-user and multi-user MIMO systems, based on compact feedback messages. First, recursive feedback mechanisms for single-user transmission scenarios are proposed, including stochastic gradient techniques, deterministic updates based on Givens rotations and low computational complexity schemes based on partial update filtering concepts. Thereafter, channel feedback algorithms are proposed, and a convergence analysis for static channels is presented. These algorithms can be used to provide channel side information to any multi-user MIMO solution. A limited-feedback decentralized multi-user MIMO solution is proposed, which avoids the need for explicit channel feedback. A feed-forward technique is proposed, which allows our methods to operate in presence of feedback errors. The performance of all the proposed algorithms is illustrated via link-level simulations, where the effect of different parameter values is assessed. Our results show that the proposed methods outperform existing limited-feedback counterparts over a range of low to medium mobile speeds, for moderate antenna array sizes that are deemed practical for commercial deployment. The computational complexity reduction of some of the proposed algorithms is also shown to be considerable, when compared to existing techniques.
Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy (Binswanger's Disease): Computed Tomographic, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Clinical Correlations

• Twenty-three elderly patients were found to have a consistent pattern of leukoencephalopathy by computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Eight patients presented with vague, nonspecific symptoms and had no neurologic deficits. The other 15 patients had neurologic deficits that presented in one of three ways: (1) stroke, seven patients; (2) slowly progressive dementia and gait disturbance, five patients; or (3) slowly progressive dementia alone, three patients. Risk factors for arteriosclerosis (hypertension, diabetes) were present in 18 patients (78%). The necropsy of one patient revealed arteriosclerotic vasculopathy characteristic of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE) or Binswanger's disease. Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy may be a relatively common affliction of elderly patients, most of whom have risk factors for arteriosclerosis. The modes of presentation and associated clinical signs are variable, and more than one third may have no neurologic deficit. In some cases SAE overlaps with normal pressure hydrocephalus by clinical and neuroimaging criteria. Some patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus who do not respond to ventricular shunting may actually have SAE.
Stress reduction for family caregivers: effects of adult day care use.

OBJECTIVES This study reports the findings of an evaluation of the psychological benefits of use of adult day care by family caregivers assisting a relative with dementia. METHODS The study used a quasi-experimental design in which caregivers in the treatment group used substantial amounts of services, whereas caregivers in a control group did not use day care at any point during the evaluation and only small amounts of other respite services. The evaluation was guided by the stress process model of caregiving which distinguishes between appraisals of primary stressors and well-being. RESULTS Results after 3 months of day care use showed that the treatment group had significantly lower scores than the control group on two of the three measures of primary appraisals (overload and strain) and two of the three measures of well-being (depression and anger). Findings at one year showed that the treatment group had significantly lower scores on overload and depression than the control group. DISCUSSION These results demonstrate that use of adult day care by caregivers of dementia patients results in lower levels of caregiving-related stress and better psychological well-being when compared to that of controls.
Estimation of fixed charge densities in hafnium-silicate gate dielectrics

In this paper, an effective technique and methodology for the estimation of fixed charge components in high-k stacks was demonstrated by varying both the SiO2 and high-k dielectric thicknesses. The SiO2 thickness was scaled on a single wafer by uniformly changing the etch time of a thermally grown SiO2 layer across the wafer. This minimized wafer-to-wafer variations and enables acquisition of statistically significant datasets. Layers with different thickness of both the nitrided and non-nitrided hafnium-silicate layers were then grown on these wafers to estimate all the interfacial and bulk charge components. The reproducibility and validity of this technique were demonstrated, and this method was used to compare the fixed charge levels in Hf-silicates (HfSiO) and nitrided-Hf-silicate (HfSiON) layers
RFID: the state of the union between promise and practice

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been touted by its proponents as an exciting technology application that will transform supply chains into more effective systems, by reducing costs and enhancing supply chain capabilities. Sceptics view RFID as little more than upgraded bar codes that are unreliable and costly, lack common industry standards and raise serious issues regarding consumer privacy. Given the views of these two camps, to what extent is RFID actually being embraced and adopted in industry? This study investigates the current and planned uses of RFID, and the reasons that motivate the adoption of RFID. We also investigate the reasons that the companies choose when not adopting RFID. A survey was developed and distributed in spring 2005 to 5,000 supply chain professionals, primarily in the USA. The results indicate that a large majority of companies seem to be in a 'wait-and-see mode'. This research provides useful insights that should lead to better decisions about RFID adoption.
Comparative study of different isolates of murine sarcoma virus

The RNA genomes of a variety of murine sarcoma viruses (MSV) were compared by heteroduplex analysis. These viruses included the Moloney-derived isolates 124-MSV, m1-MSV, m3-MSV, HT1-MSV, and NP-MSV and also two independent isolates, Gazdar MSV and 1712-MSV. All of these viral genomes exhibited the acquired cellular sequences previously identified in 3124-MSV and thought to be responsible for transformation and sarcomagenesis. The location of the acquired cellular sequences within the envelope gene was variable in different MSV isolates, suggesting that the cellular sequences can be expressed in different positions relative to murine leukemia virus-derived information present in MSV. Deletions in the gag coding region of the different MSVs were consistent with their known gag-related gene products. Based on several features of the hetero-duplex analysis and the known genealogical relationships of the different MSVs, various possible mechanisms for the formation of MSV are considered.
Acupuncture versus topiramate in chronic migraine prophylaxis: A randomized clinical trial

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of acupuncture compared with topiramate treatment in chronic migraine (CM) prophylaxis. Methods: A total of 66 consecutive and prospective CM patients were randomly divided into two treatment arms: 1) acupuncture group: acupuncture administered in 24 sessions over 12 weeks (n = 33); and 2) topiramate group: a 4-week titration, initiated at 25 mg/day and increased by 25 mg/day weekly to a maximum of 100 mg/day followed by an 8-week maintenance period (n = 33). Results: A significantly larger decrease in the mean monthly number of moderate/severe headache days (primary end point) from 20.2 ± 1.5 days to 9.8 ± 2.8 days was observed in the acupuncture group compared with 19.8 ± 1.7 days to 12.0 ± 4.1 days in the topiramate group (p < .01) Significant differences favoring acupuncture were also observed for all secondary efficacy variables. These significant differences still existed when we focused on those patients who were overusing acute medication. Adverse events occurred in 6% of acupuncture group and 66% of topiramate group. Conclusion: We suggest that acupuncture could be considered a treatment option for CM patients willing to undergo this prophylactic treatment, even for those patients with medication overuse.
Cancer risk after hospital discharge diagnosis of benign ovarian cysts and endometriosis.

BACKGROUND The aim was to evaluate whether patients with benign ovarian cysts, functional ovarian cysts, or endometriosis have an increased risk of developing gynecologic cancer. METHODS The Swedish Hospital Discharge Register was used to identify a cohort of women discharged from hospital with the diagnoses of ovarian cyst (n = 42217), functional ovarian cyst (n = 17998), or endometriosis (n = 28163). To each case, three controls were matched. The National Swedish Cancer Register matched all incident cancers diagnosed among cases and controls. From the Fertility Register, the date of birth of children born to the cases and controls were obtained. RESULTS Women with endometriosis had an increased risk for ovarian cancer (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.75), but no association was found between ovarian cysts or functional cysts and ovarian malignancy, including all ages. Young women (15-29 years old) discharged from hospital for ovarian cysts and functional cysts showed an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer later in life (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.9 and OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-2.0), as well as women with ovarian cysts who had undergone ovarian cyst resection or unilateral oophorectomy (OR 8.8; 95% CI 5.2-15). The risk of developing ovarian cancer was inversely related to parity. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly lower in all three study groups. CONCLUSION In this study women with endometriosis and young women who had undergone surgery with removal of an ovarian cyst had an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer.
GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in the human fetal brain and multiple sclerosis lesions.

Chemokines, small proinflammatory cytokines, are involved in migration of inflammatory cells, but also have a role in normal central nervous system development. One chemokine, growth-related oncogene-alpha (GRO-alpha) and its receptor CXCR2, are involved in proliferation and migration of oligodendrocyte progenitors in rats. Here we studied the regional and cell type-specific expression of GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in the human telencephalon at midgestation, the time that oligodendrocytes are being generated in the human brain. Our results showed that both GRO-alpha and CXCR2 are predominately expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitors and activated microglial cells in the highly proliferative subventricular zone. This cellular and regional localization suggests that GRO-alpha/CXCR2 may play a role in human oligodendrocyte proliferation and subsequent migration. We also studied the expression of GRO-alpha and CXCR2 in brain sections of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Consistent with their role in the inflammatory process of MS, both GRO-alpha and CXCR2 were expressed in activated microglia localized on the border of MS lesions. However, neither GRO-alpha nor CXCR2 were present in early oligodendrocyte progenitors, a finding that may partially explain why remyelination is not more efficient in MS.
New Products, Upgrades, and New Releases: A Rationale for Sequential Product Introduction

Network externality is an important consideration in many high-technology product markets. In these markets, consumers’ expectations about the future installed base and the resultant externality benefits play a critical role in their product adoption decisions. The authors investigate the strategic implications of consumer uncertainty regarding network externality and show that a firm can credibly convey private information about future installed base through its new product introduction strategy. The authors initially consider a market in which consumers are homogeneous in their valuation of quality. They show that under complete information the optimal strategy entails provision of full (efficient) quality in the first period itself, providing any upgrade in the second period is suboptimal. However, under asymmetric information about externality, a high-externality firm provides less than full quality initially and then makes up for the quality differential through provision of an upgrade in the second period. Thus, underprovision of introductory quality (i.e., withholding quality) serves as a signal of high externality, and upgrades serve as the mechanism for implementation of the signaling strategy. The authors demonstrate the robustness of this result by extending the model to incorporate consumer heterogeneity in quality valuation. The additional insight here is that signaling entails sequential targeting of segments in addition to sequential provision of quality.
Molecular determinants of occult metastatic tumor cells in bone marrow.

The success of mammographic screening for breast cancer is that it involves increasingly more patients with small primary tumors formerly thought to have an overall excellent prognosis. Yet, only approximately two thirds of these patients actually have this favorable prognosis, while the remaining third develops metastatic disease. Thus, there is emerging evidence that epithelial tumor cells can disseminate into secondary organs at an earlier stage of primary tumor development than appreciated by current risk classifications. Bone marrow is one of the most prominent secondary organs screened for the presence of disseminated tumor cells. The current data suggest that bone marrow micrometastases represent a selected population of dormant and heterogeneous cancer cells. The analysis of micrometastatic cells opens a new avenue by which to assess the molecular determinants of both early tumor cell dissemination and subsequent outgrowth into overt metastases. Moreover, identifying therapeutic target structures (e.g., HER2/neu), monitoring the elimination of bone marrow micrometastases, and assessing treatment-resistant tumor cell clones might help to understand the current limitations of adjuvant systemic therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the biological characteristics of micrometastatic cancer cells in bone marrow of breast cancer patients.
Essays in Domestic and International Finance

The three chapters of this dissertation analyze how domestic and international financial markets work and how they affect firms and economic activity.The first chapter is joint work with Martin Goetz. It studies the relationship between shocks to local banks and economic activity, by exploiting differences in the liability structure of small U.S. commercial banks during the 2007-09 crisis. We first show that banks that relied more heavily on wholesale liabilities reduced lending relatively more during the crisis than banks funding themselves with retail deposits, suggesting that the use of short-term wholesale funding exposed banks to a sudden dry-up in market liquidity. Moreover, metropolitan areas where banks relied more on wholesale liabilities experienced larger reductions in employment and establishments during the crisis, suggesting that adverse shocks to local banks hurt the economy. This effect was stronger in areas with more bank-dependent firms, such as small businesses and firms with higher external financing needs.The last two chapters are joint work with Ross Levine and Sergio Schmukler. Chapter 2 documents several new patterns associated with firms issuing stocks and bonds in foreign markets that cannot be fully accounted for by existing theories. Three major patterns stand out. (1) A large and growing fraction of capital raisings occurs in international markets, but a very small number of firms accounts for the bulk of international capital raisings. (2) Changes in firm performance following equity and debt issuances in international markets are qualitatively similar to those following domestic issuances. (3) Firms continue to issue securities both abroad and at home after accessing international markets.Chapter 3 provides evidence on the different theories of internationalization by documenting the evolution of Tobins q around internationalization. We find that Tobins q does not rise after internationalization, even relative to domestic firms. Instead, q rises significantly before and during the internationalization year, but then falls sharply in the following year, quickly relinquishing previous increases. The evidence challenges the theory that internationalization produces an enduring effect on q by bonding firms to a better corporate governance system.
Multilevel resistive switching characteristics in Ag/SiO2/Pt RRAM devices

Ag/SiO2/Pt-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices were fabricated and investigated. Multilevel resistive switching (RS) phenomenon was observed in Ag/SiO2/Pt devices under different operation modes. Good endurance and retention characteristics of RRAM device with four resistance states were achieved. The possible mechanism of multilevel RS was discussed.
Conceptual and empirical investigation into a project management supportive organization culture

Projects inevitably appear on the agenda of organizations, especially those enterprises that are serious about surviving in a competitive and rapidly changing business environment. They have little say in whether they want to do projects, but they have the choice whether to take a project management approach, or whether to leave projects to their functional departments to carry out as part of their routine work. Growing numbers of organizations opt for project management, because they seek specific benefits such as the ability to accomplish targets under conditions of execution uncertainty and the ability to function across specialist disciplines. Too many organizations find their project management performance disappointing and, despite substantial investments in appropriate systems and training, do not attain the benefits claimed by project management advocates. In response, project management researchers have increasingly speculated about the likely influence of organizational culture in the frustrating experiences organizations have with project management. The reasoning behind this supposition appears sound. Most organizations attempting project management still have cultures shaped by a functionally dominated era of organization. Organizational cultures are only gradually breaking out of management traditions that emphasized principles such as high levels of structure and formalization, defined positions of authority, single channels of reporting, and minimal communication other than directions from management downwards. The philosophy of project management differs. Beneath the scientific and methodological facade of project management, there exists a set of attendant leadership and behavioural patterns that have become equally crucial to its performance, for example: high levels of communication; autonomy for project managers; supportive and participative leadership styles; participants that accept reporting to more than one superior; and the emphasis on collective performance. One can add to this list, but these demonstrate the substantial differences that exist between a project management approach and the traditional approaches to managing work and controlling staff. These differences have provoked project management authors to recognize the influence of organizational culture and
Frontal Bone Fracture Reconstruction: A Case Series

Untreated depressed frontal bone fracture leads to secondary post operative aesthetic problems. Minimally displaced anterior table fractures are observed, more displaced fractures are explored and reduced. Frontal sinus obliteration is done for fractures involving nasofrontal duct, whereas cranialization is done for anterior table fracture with CSF leakage or comminuted posterior table fractures. An existing laceration or a bicoronal incision is used to gain access.
Stakeholders in small business: critical relationships for value creation

xi Chapter One, Stakeholder Relationships 1.1 The problem . 1 1.2 The research questions (RQs) . 4 1.3 The significance of the study . 7 1.4 The study methods . 8 1.5 Definition of key terms . 9 1.6 Outline and scope of the study . 10 Chapter Two, The Stakeholder Literature Chapter objectives . 12 2.1 Stakeholder theory . 12 2.1.1 Origins of stakeholder theory . 13 2.1.2 Relevance of stakeholder theory . 13 2.2 Definitions of stakeholders . 14 2.3 Classification of stakeholders . 17 2.4 Stakeholder salience . 20 2.5 ‘Power’ as an attribute of stakeholder salience . 24 2.5. 1 The concept of power . 26 2.5. 2 The problem with power . 27 2.5. 3 Perceptions of power . 29 2.5. 4 Defining power . 37 2.6 ‘Legitimacy’ as an attribute of stakeholder salience . 40 2.6. 1 The concept of legitimacy . 41 2.6. 2 The problem with legitimacy . 43 2.6. 3 Perceptions of legitimacy . 45 2.6. 4 Defining legitimacy . 50 2.7 ‘Urgency’ as an attribute of stakeholder salience . 53 2.7. 1 The concept of urgency . 53 2.7. 2 The problem with perceptions of urgency . 54 2.7. 3 Defining urgency . 54 2.8 Interactions between attributes of salience . 54 2.9 Potential other attributes of salience . 55 2.10 Beyond salience: stakeholder relationships . 56 Conclusions on Chapter Two . 61 Chapter Three, The Literature on Decision-­‐making Chapter objectives . 62 3.1 Stakeholder relationships and decision-­‐making . 62 3.2 Defining decisions . 63