Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of ultrasonography to estimate cistern size and milk storage at different milking intervals in the udder of dairy cows

Four lactating Holstein cows (average milk yield: 20±3 l/d) were used to develop and validate a method for estimating the size of udder cisterns (Sinus lactiferi) using ultrasonography. A sectorial transducer probe of 5 MHz, placed in contact with the teat in a parallel cranial position, was used to obtain vertical scans of the udder in two perpendicular planes with the teat canal axis as reference. Udder scans for each udder quarter were taken randomly at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h after milking. Glandular parenchyma (echogenic) and lumen of the cisterns full of milk (anechogenic) were evident in the scans, the calculated area of the anechogenic portion being defined as cistern area. Cistern areas measured in perpendicular scans were highly correlated. Immediately after each measurement, cisternal milk was removed from each quarter using a teat cannula after i.v. injection of an oxytocin-receptor blocking agent. Alveolar milk from each quarter was then obtained by machine milking after i.m. injection of oxytocin. Cistern area and cisternal milk volume increased with length of milking interval showing a curvilinear pattern with a plateau after 16 h. Correlations between cistern area and cisternal milk volume were positive and significant (P<0·001) at all intervals but showed the highest values with the smallest residual standard deviations at 8 h (r=0·88) and 12 h (r=0·84). Since 8 h has previously been identified as a suitable time at which to determine cisternal milk volume for the purposes of defining suitability for different milking strategies, we conclude that ultrasonography provides a satisfactory, non-invasive method for determination of milk storage characteristics in dairy cows.
Treatment as prevention: some additional thoughts.

The authors of the paper ‘‘High HIV incidence among MSM prescribed postexposure prophylaxis in Amsterdam, 2000–2009: indications for ongoing sexual risk behaviour’’ by Sonder et al. are to be commended for conducting a relevant, timely study elucidating the complexities of depending on post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to reduce the acquisition and transmission of HIV among MSM. The study was well designed and included an appropriate comparison group with which to compare the HIV infection risk among PEP users.
Two-ply iterative deepening in Chinese-chess computer game

In Chinese-chess computer game (CCCG), a computer player could find the best move for a given board position by using alpha-beta search algorithm. The technique of iterative deepening is an enhancement to alpha-beta search. It is helpful to reduce the size of game tree. In this paper, we improved the prototypical one-ply iterative deepening (OPID) and proposed two-ply iterative deepening (TPID). In game tree searching, we extend the search by two plies from the previous iteration. An iterated series of 2-ply, 4-ply, 6-ply, ⃛searches is carried out. In the experiments, we validate that TPID is feasible and effective. Through applying TPID to minimax search and alpha-beta search respectively, we found that the total number of nodes generated in TPID minimax search and TPID alpha-beta search are all reduced compared with OPID.
The Entrepreneurship Factors on Handicapped Business Owner in Malang Indonesia

s. Small businesses Malang are the businesses located in Malang. They have limited capitals and assets with less than ten employees. These enterprises can be run by handicapped people and its survival is depended on workers employed. It means that if the workers do not have good performance, business’ sales decreases. The purposes of this study are to know the factors of entrepreneurship and the characteristic on handicapped owners. Respondents are 22 people of the small business handicapped owners who operate their own business activities. This study requires a purpose that the respondents were chosen by using specific criteria based on handicapped business owner who run their business at least two years. Data was collected by using questionnaire and interviews. The methods of analysis are factor analyses and cross-tabulation. The result of analysis showed that the factors of entrepreneurship are entrepreneurship spirit, leadership skill, discipline, positive mentality and workers orientation. The characteristics of entrepreneurs are namely ability to sale, looking for opportunities, optimistic, strong heart, leaders skill, discipline, initiative, good spirit, analytical skills, understanding creative production, risk taker, selfreliance, be creative, be honest, product oriented, positive mentality, workers orientation.
Un modele dynamique de la comprehension de textes integrant l'acquisition de connaissances

Le sens est souvent concu comme une representation symbolique construite de facon compositionnelle a partir des unites lexicales de la langue. Les connaissances semantiques sont alors considerees comme des axiomes qui permettent de filtrer les interpretations incorrectes independamment du contexte. Nous proposons une approche differente, qui tient compte de la subjectivite des recepteurs humains: le sens correspond a un effet contextuel, c'est-a-dire, a une modification du contexte cognitif du lecteur, que l'on peut modeliser comme une transition de l'etat de sa memoire. Les connaissances contenues dans la memoire se caracterisent par une structure symbolique, mais aussi par une accessibilite inegale et dynamique. Les effets contextuels peuvent consister a memoriser de nouvelles structures (acquisition) ou a modifier l'accessibilite de structures deja connues (evocation). L'evocation, declenchee directement ou par amorcage semantique, consiste a transferer des structures presentes dans une memoire a long terme peu accessible vers une memoire a court terme fortement accessible mais tres limitee. Si on accepte en outre que plusieurs processus interpretatifs se deroulent en parallele dans la memoire a court terme, l'emergence d'un sens unique est une consequence naturelle: la vitesse des processus interpretatifs depend de l'accessibilite des connaissances utilisees, ils ont donc tendance a etre departages, car ceux qui utilisent les connaissances les plus accessibles se developpent plus vite et finissent par accaparer l'espace de memoire (c'est un phenomene de retroaction positive). Cette autoregulation competitive, qui correspond a un niveau subliminaire non controle de la cognition humaine, suffit a expliquer la preference semantique en contexte, c'est-a-dire, la focalisation de la perception consciente sur les interpretations les plus pertinentes
[Prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in asymtomatics subjects].

UNLABELLED Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a frequent entity to progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and it is associated with several metabolic disturbances. The insulin resistance is often considered the link between metabolic disturbances and NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NAFLD in healthy population and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this patients. The associated factors to develop liver cirrhosis were identified. METHODS 2,503 records were reviewed and the presence of steatosis was determined by ultrasonography. A clinical and biochemical examination was carried out and the metabolic criteria were defined according to the ATP III. RESULTS 427 (17.05%) patients with NAFLD were detected. 359 (14.3%) with NAFLD were included, the mean age was 46.26 +/- 9.85 years. Overweight was present in 46.79% and obesity in 36.49% of patients. The association between DM, HAS, high levels of cholesterol and triglicerides was found in 3.6, 13.6, 63 and 43%, respectively. Steatohepatitis was found in in 34% of patients high levels of AST. AST/ALT ratio > 1 was detected in 76 patients (21.16%). According to the ATP III criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with NAFLD was 22.8%. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in this study was 14.3% and 22.8%, respectively. Overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia were the main associated factors to NAFLD.
Predicting Self-Construal from Authoritarianism: A Pilot Study of Perceived Threat

This pilot study investigated the association of perceived threat and scores on a measure of Authoritarianism. Undergraduate students (29 women, 8 men; ages 18–32, M = 21, SD = 3.1), completed the Right-wing Authoritarianism scale and then the Self-construal scale after reading a nonthreatening or threatening news article. In the threatening condition, Authoritarian scores accounted for a significant amount of variance (R2 = .26) in Interdependent Self-construal scores, but not for Independent Self-construal scores. No significant associations were found in the nonthreatening condition.
Mental Contrasting of Future and Reality Managing the Demands of Everyday Life in Health Care Professionals

Mental contrasting of a desired future with present reality leads to expectancy-dependent goal commitments, whereas focusing on the desired future only makes people commit to goals regardless of their high or low expectations for success. In the present brief intervention we randomly assigned middle-level managers (N = 52) to two conditions. Participants in one condition were taught to use mental contrasting regarding their everyday concerns, while participants in the other condition were taught to indulge. Two weeks later, participants in the mental-contrasting condition reported to have fared better in managing their time and decision making during everyday life than those in the indulging condition. By helping people to set expectancy-dependent goals, teaching the metacognitive strategy of mental contrasting can be a cost- and time-effective tool to help people manage the demands of their everyday life.
Top 10 tech cars: slenderized

IT'S OFFICIAL: GUZZLING GAS IS OUT OF STYLE. IN AUGUST, the Obama administration finalized U.S. standards that will nearly double the average fuel mileage of cars and trucks by 2025. The rule slices auto greenhouse emissions in half, virtually matching the European Union's proposed 2020 target of 95 grams of carbon dioxide per kilometer driven. · But how are we going to get there? Electric cars and plug-in hybrids have so far fizzled with rank-and-file consumers, due to a familiar trio of obstacles: high cost, short pure-electric driving ranges, and long recharging times. And yet among this year's Top 10 Tech Cars, one model did stake a bold new claim for the viability of electric cars: the groundbreaking Tesla Model S. · Even so, IEEE Spectrum's 10-car convoy proves that there are other ways to wring more miles from a liter of fuel. A trend of "lightweighting" has begun sweeping the global industry, as automakers seek to reverse decades of bloat caused by modern crash protections and deluxe amenities. The brainpower of cars is also rapidly expanding, with a Japanese sport sedan taking a small but important step toward automated cars: It has a full "drive-by-wire" steering system that backs up the driver. Turning the stereotypes on their heads, there's a whopper of a British SUV and a bite-size Chevrolet. What they have in common is a high ratio of driving pleasure to fuel burned.
Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (Tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review.

The medicinal plants are widely used by the traditional medical practitioners for curing various diseases in their day to day practice. In traditional systems of medicine, different parts (leaves, stem, flower, root, seeds and even whole plant) of Ocimum sanctum Linn (known as Tulsi in Hindi), a small herb seen throughout India, have been recommended for the treatment of bronchitis, bronchial asthma, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, skin diseases, arthritis, painful eye diseases, chronic fever, insect bite etc. The Ocimum sanctum L. has also been suggested to possess antifertility, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiemetic, antispasmodic, analgesic, adaptogenic and diaphoretic actions. Eugenol (1-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-allylbenzene), the active constituent present in Ocimum sanctum L. , has been found to be largely responsible for the therapeutic potentials of Tulsi. Although because of its great therapeutic potentials and wide occurrence in India the practitioners of traditional systems of medicine have been using Ocimum sanctum L. for curing various ailments, a rational approach to this traditional medical practice with modern system of medicine is, however, not much available. In order to establish the therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum L. in modern medicine, in last few decades several Indian scientists and researchers have studied the pharmacological effects of steam distilled, petroleum ether and benzene extracts of various parts of Tulsi plant and eugenol on immune system, reproductive system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastric system, urinary system and blood biochemistry and have described the therapeutic significance of Tulsi in management of various ailments. These pharmacological studies have established a scientific basis for therapeutic uses of this plant.
Combining Ontologies and Neural Networks for Analyzing Historical Language Varieties. A Case Study in Middle Low German

In this paper, we describe experiments on the morphosyntactic annotation of historical language varieties for the example of Middle Low German (MLG), the official language of the German Hanse during the Middle Ages and a dominant language around the Baltic Sea by the time. To our best knowledge, this is the first experiment in automatically producing morphosyntactic annotations for Middle Low German, and accordingly, no part-of-speech (POS) tagset is currently agreed upon. In our experiment, we illustrate how ontology-based specifications of projected annotations can be employed to circumvent this issue: Instead of training and evaluating against a given tagset, we decomponse it into independent features which are predicted independently by a neural network. Using consistency constraints (axioms) from an ontology, then, the predicted feature probabilities are decoded into a sound ontological representation. Using these representations, we can finally bootstrap a POS tagset capturing only morphosyntactic features which could be reliably predicted. In this way, our approach is capable to optimize precision and recall of morphosyntactic annotations simultaneously with bootstrapping a tagset rather than performing iterative cycles.
Postpartum Depression Screening Scale: development and psychometric testing.

BACKGROUND Approximately 400,000 mothers in the United States experience postpartum depression each year. However, only a small proportion of these women are identified as depressed by health care professionals. OBJECTIVES To improve detection of this postpartum mood disorder, the purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a newly devised instrument, the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS), a 35-item Likert-type self-report instrument. METHODS Content validity was supported through the literature and the judgments rendered by a panel of five content experts and a focus group. The PDSS was administered to 525 new mothers. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis provided empirical support for the existence of the hypothesized seven dimensions. A Tucker-Lewis goodness-of-fit index of 0.87 and a root mean square residual of 0.05 were judged supportive of model fit. Item response theory techniques provided further construct validity support for finer interpretations of the respective seven dimensions. Analysis of the Likert 5-point response categories further supported meaningful score interpretations. Alpha internal consistency reliabilities ranged from 0.83 (sleeping/eating disturbances) to 0.94 (loss of self). CONCLUSIONS Empirically, all of the reliability and validity analyses supported the score interpretations posited for the PDSS. Currently, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the PDSS are being determined.
Care and viral suppression during the last year of life among persons with HIV who died in 2012, 18 US jurisdictions

ABSTRACT Death due to HIV remains a leading cause of death among some US populations, yet little is known about HIV care before death. We used data from the National HIV Surveillance System to determine disease stage and care within 12 months prior to death among persons infected with HIV who died in 2012. Persons were considered to be in care within 12 months before death if they had ≥1 CD4 or viral load test results, and in continuous care if they had ≥2 CD4 or viral load test results at least 3 months apart. Viral suppression (viral load <200 copies/mL) was based on the most recent viral load test result in the 12 months before death. Among 7348 persons infected with HIV who died in 2012, 47.1% had late stage disease (AIDS) within 12 months before death. Overall, 85.7% had ≥1 test result, 64.3% had ≥2 tests at least 3 months apart, and 41.6% had a suppressed viral load. While blacks and Hispanics/Latinos had higher percentages of continuous care compared with whites, they had lower percentages of viral suppression and higher percentages with late stage disease. Viral suppression was higher among older persons. The majority had been diagnosed with HIV more than 5 years before death (86.3%). Although the majority of persons infected with HIV who died in 2012 had been diagnosed many years before death, almost half had late stage disease, and there were disparities in late stage disease and viral suppression by race/ethnicity and age.
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF VITRECTOMY WITHOUT ENDOTAMPONADE IN PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY WITH TRACTIONAL RETINAL DETACHMENT

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of vitreoretinal surgery without use of intraocular silicone oil or gas in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and tractional retinal detachment. Methods: A clinical interventional case-series study was conducted of 168 eyes of 150 patients with diabetic tractional retinal detachment who were consecutively treated by pars plana vitrectomy without endotamponade during a study period of 7 years. Per selection criterion, retinal defects did not develop or were not observed in any of the study participants before or during surgery. The surgery included pars plana vitrectomy, removal of epiretinal membranes, and retinal endolaser coagulation. Combined cataract surgery was performed in 33 eyes (20%). The mean follow-up was 23 ± 14 months (range, 12–65 months). Results: In 158 eyes (94%), the retina reattached after surgery and remained attached until the end of follow-up. Subretinal fluid absorbed completely within 2 months after surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity improved in 126 eyes (75%) and remained unchanged in 19 eyes (11%). Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 2.22 ± 1.22 at baseline to 1.24 ± 1.00 at final follow-up (P < 0.001). At the end of follow-up, 11 eyes (7%) showed iris neovascularization, and 9 of these 11 eyes developed iris neovascularization after surgery. In multivariate logistic regression, the only factor associated with postoperative rubeosis iridis was preexisting rubeosis iridis (odds ratio, 6.4). Conclusion: Vitreoretinal surgery for tractional retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy may not necessarily be combined with an ocular endotamponade if there were no pre- or intraoperative retinal breaks.
Диагностирование инсайдерской торговли на российском фондовом рынке перед важными корпоративными событиями (Testing for the Insider Trading Prior to the Significant Corporate Events)

<b>Russian Abstract</b>: В статье представлены результаты исследования инсайдерской торговли в периоды, предшествую-щие случаям административного давления на бизнес, на российском фондовом рынке в 2000–2014 годах. Исследование базируется на анализе накопленной избыточной доходности в период до пу-бликации соответствующего новостного события. в рамках исследования мы проанализировали 71 новость. Нами не было диагностировано значительной по масштабам инсайдерской торговли в периоды, предшествовавшие случаям административного давления на бизнес со стороны пред-ставителей исполнительной и законодательной властей российской федерации. размер избыточ-ной доходности в данном случае составил -0,4%. -0,6% в зависимости от применяемой модели. Мы обнаружили наличие значительной по масштабам инсайдерской торговли в периоды, предше-ствовавшие случаям административного давления на бизнес со стороны представителей силовых структур (-8,2%.-10,4%). реакция рынка в обоих случаях была значительной. Мы диагностирова-ли наличие меньшей по масштабам инсайдерской торговли, чем в случае действий представителей силовых структур, в периоды, предшествовавшие случаям административного давления на бизнес со стороны представителей таких служб исполнительной власти, как фНс и фас (-2,3%.-4,4% и -3,9%.-4,4% соответственно). при этом рынок слабо реагировал на случаи административного давления со стороны представителей данных государственных органов. кроме того, мы пришли к выводу, что ужесточение законодательства российской федерации в сфере противодействия инсай-дерской торговле в 2010–2013 гг. не дало желаемого результата и масштабы инсайдерской торговли на российском фондовом рынке увеличились. <br><br><b>English Abstract</b>: This article presents the results of a study of insider trading prior to the cases of administrative pressure on the Russian public companies. The study is based on an analysis of cumulative abnormal returns during the period prior to the publication of a news. In the study we analyzed 71 news about the administrative pressure.we have not found the presence of a large-scale insider trading prior to the administrative pressure on business by the representatives of executive and legislative authorities of the Russian Federation. The cumulative abnormal return (CAR) amounted -0,4% – -0,6% depending on utilized model. We found a large-scale insider trading prior to the to the administrative pressure on business by the representatives of security agencies (CAR = -8,2% – -10,4%). Market reaction was significant in both cases. Also we detected a small-scale insider trading prior to the administrative pressure on business by the representatives of Federal Tax Service and Federal Antimonopoly Service (-2,3% – -4,4% and -3,9% – -4,4% respectively). Meanwhile, the market reaction was insignificant in both of these cases.
High incidence of upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in children with Crohn disease.

This retrospective study of Crohn disease in 230 children and adolescents with a mean age of 12.5 years at the time of diagnosis and an average follow-up of 6.6 years showed that 30% had lesions of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Three patients had Crohn disease isolated to the upper gastrointestinal tract. The 169 patients with both small and large bowel disease were at greater risk (33%, P less than .05) of having upper gastrointestinal lesions than the 37 with isolated small bowel disease and the 21 with disease limited to the colon and/or rectum. An aggregate of symptoms and signs more likely present in those with upper gastrointestinal involvement included: dysphagia, pain when eating, nausea and/or vomiting, and aphthous lesions of the mouth. Furthermore, weight loss was more severe and hypoalbuminemia more frequent. Because upper gastrointestinal series x-ray studies failed to detect upper gastrointestinal lesions in 13 patients of 69 of those with upper gastrointestinal disease, endoscopy should be considered in all children and adolescents in whom a diagnosis of Crohn disease is entertained. Endoscopy and biopsy of the upper gastrointestinal tract should be done in any patient with symptoms suggestive of proximal involvement. Finally, in view of the fact that endoscopy established the diagnosis of Crohn disease in five patients previously thought to have chronic ulcerative colitis, the procedure should routinely be performed in all patients with chronic ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis before surgery is performed.