Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quedar afuera: experiencias y vivencias de los jóvenes que no logran ingresar a la universidad

En este articulo se analizan las experiencias y vivencias de los aspirantes que intentaron ingresar a la licenciatura de Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico que no fueron admitidos y que, a partir de este hecho, participaron en el Movimiento de Aspirantes Excluidos de la Educacion Superior (MAES). Se concibe la experiencia social, desde la propuesta de Francois Dubet, entendida como un trabajo que realiza el actor para darle sentido a su quehacer. A traves de un estudio de corte interpretativo, basado en entrevistas a profundidad, se trata de conocer cuales eran sus expectativas para ingresar a la UNAM, como se sintieron en el examen, como vivieron los resultados y las estrategias que desplegaron. Con ello, se trata de dar cuenta de los procesos de selectividad y de exclusion que llevan a cabo las instituciones de educacion superior. Los resultados muestran el arduo trabajo de los jovenes en el proceso de transicion del bachillerato a la universidad. Desde el punto de vista de la experiencia social, la falta de integracion a las instituciones educativas los hace sentir vulnerables. Su primera reaccion es la autoculpabilizacion y, de manera paulatina, se va dando un proceso de subjetivacion, mediante el cual se distancian de esta posicion y van perfilando nuevas estrategias. Este proceso queda marcado por multiples intentos para ingresar a distintas instituciones y, como ultima salida, vislumbran su participacion en el MAES.
Congestion Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

The performance of wireless sensor networks (WSN) is affected by the lossy communication medium, application diversity, dense deployment, limited processing power and storage capacity, frequent topology change. All these limitations provide significant and unique design challenges to data transport control in wireless sensor networks. An effective transport protocol should consider reliable message delivery, energy-efficiency, quality of service and congestion control. The latter is vital for achieving a high throughput and a long network lifetime. Despite the huge number of protocols proposed in the literature, congestion control in WSN remains challenging. A review and taxonomy of the state-of-the-art protocols from the literature up to 2013 is provided in this paper. First, depending on the control policy, the protocols are divided into resource control vs. traffic control. Traffic control protocols are either reactive or preventive (avoiding). Reactive solutions are classified following the reaction scale, while preventive solutions are split up into buffer limitation vs. interference control. Resource control protocols are classified according to the type of resource to be tuned.
Resolving Phenylalanine Metabolism Sheds Light on Natural Synthesis of Penicillin G in Penicillium chrysogenum

ABSTRACT The industrial production of penicillin G by Penicillium chrysogenum requires the supplementation of the growth medium with the side chain precursor phenylacetate. The growth of P. chrysogenum with phenylalanine as the sole nitrogen source resulted in the extracellular production of phenylacetate and penicillin G. To analyze this natural pathway for penicillin G production, chemostat cultures were switched to [U-13C]phenylalanine as the nitrogen source. The quantification and modeling of the dynamics of labeled metabolites indicated that phenylalanine was (i) incorporated in nascent protein, (ii) transaminated to phenylpyruvate and further converted by oxidation or by decarboxylation, and (iii) hydroxylated to tyrosine and subsequently metabolized via the homogentisate pathway. The involvement of the homogentisate pathway was supported by the comparative transcriptome analysis of P. chrysogenum cultures grown with phenylalanine and with (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source. This transcriptome analysis also enabled the identification of two putative 2-oxo acid decarboxylase genes (Pc13g9300 and Pc18g01490). cDNAs of both genes were cloned and expressed in the 2-oxo-acid-decarboxylase-free Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK711-7C (pdc1 pdc5 pdc6Δ aro10Δ thi3Δ). The introduction of Pc13g09300 restored the growth of this S. cerevisiae mutant on glucose and phenylalanine, thereby demonstrating that Pc13g09300 encodes a dual-substrate pyruvate and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, which plays a key role in an Ehrlich-type pathway for the production of phenylacetate in P. chrysogenum. These results provide a basis for the metabolic engineering of P. chrysogenum for the production of the penicillin G side chain precursor phenylacetate.
Surgical Repair of Clinoidal Segment Carotid Artery Aneurysms Unsuitable for Endovascular Treatment

OBJECTIVEClinoidal segment carotid artery aneurysms are surgically challenging lesions. The aneurysm neck originates proximal to the distal dural ring, and the aneurysms typically are larger. Therefore, endovascular techniques are often considered to be the primary treatment option. Treatment techniques and results for 40 clinoidal segment carotid artery aneurysms that were considered unsuitable for contemporary endovascular intervention are analyzed in this report. METHODSForty aneurysms in 33 female and 3 male patients were treated surgically. Fifteen patients had bilateral aneurysms; of these patients, four underwent bilateral craniotomies. Twenty-seven aneurysms were 10 to 14 mm in size, eight were 15 to 24 mm, and five were more than 25 mm. The most common presentation was visual loss, which occurred in 13 patients. Seven patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. RESULTSThirty-seven aneurysms were directly repaired with clipping, two were trapped with bypass, and one was trapped without bypass. The complication rate was 10%, with one major stroke, two minor strokes, and one successfully treated brain abscess. CONCLUSIONSurgical treatment of clinoidal segment carotid artery aneurysms can produce acceptable outcomes. Specific preoperative and intraoperative techniques facilitate improved surgical results for aneurysms that are not treatable with contemporary endovascular techniques.
Does serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels always discriminate presence of the ovaries in adult bitches? Comparison of two ELISA kits.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced in the ovary, and thus, it is an excellent marker of follicle pool in females. Current interest is the clinical use of this parameter as a biomarker to assess presence or absence of an intact ovary and to diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) following incomplete ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in bitches. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum AMH concentrations in bitches (n = 34) before and after OHE using two different commercial ELISA kits, one of which is based on detecting human AMH and the other is based on detecting human AMH and the other specified for canine AMH. Furthermore, serum AMH levels were also measured in six ORS cases to compare the diagnostic utility of the two different ELISA kits. Serum AMH concentrations measured using the human and canine kit prior to and after OHE were 0.32 ± 0.24, 0.006 ± 0.22 ng/ml (p < .001) and 12.08 ± 22.81, 9.55 ± 15.42 ng/ml (p = .868), respectively. Thus, the canine-based kit was not able to reveal the significant drop in serum AMH levels. In conclusion, the human-based ELISA kits successfully detected the drop in serum AMH concentrations. Reliable results can only be achieved from well-designed ELISA kits, and AMH levels might be a useful diagnostic tool for the evaluation of presence or absence of ovaries as well as for the detection of ORS cases in bitches.
Prix d’offre publique et théorie des jeux : une investigation empirique sur le marché français

Le prix d\'offre publique a fait l\'objet d\'importants travaux theoriques modelisant le processus d\'offre sous forme de jeu, mais leurs implications empiriques ont ete plus rarement testees. Nous en proposons ici une analyse sur le marche francais de 1991 a 1995. Les resultats obtenus font apparaitre une prime d\'offre moyenne de 31,3%, determinee essentiellement par les synergies attendues de l\'acquisition, la part initialement detenue par l\'acquereur dans le capital de la cible, et les possibilites de dilution-exclusion ulterieures des minoritaires. Nous mettons en evidence une relation non lineaire entre la prime et les droits de vote detenus par l\'initiateur. Contrairement aux etudes precedentes, le role du moyen de paiement apparait negligeable.
Synthesis of immunoglobulins by human cell lines in tissue culture.

Immunoglobulin synthesis has been demonstrated in 19 of 27 lymphoid cell lines in continuous culture derived from patients with a variety of malignant disorders. Soluble proteins derived from cells grown in media containing C14-amino acids were tested by radioimmunoelectrophoresis with antiserums specific for IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD and κ and λ light polypeptide chains. Immunoglobulins synthesized in vitro ranged from only one light chain type to two heavy chains and two light chain types in individual culture lines. Physical and immunochemical techniques showed that many of the newly synthesized heavy and light chains were linked to form 7 S or 18 S immunoglobulin molecules. Immunochemical tests indicated that immunogloblins produced by the cultured cell lines were very similar or identical to normal human immunoglobulins. Stability of immunoglobulin formation was assessed by repeat tests of 15 cell lines, and only two cell lines varied in results. The immunoglobulins produced by these cells are electrophoretically homogeneous and thus bear some resemblance to myeloma proteins. Investigation of serum from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia, failed to reveal serum immunoglobulin components comparable to the proteins identified in culture. These findings indicate that lymphoid cells producing immunoglobulin in culture may be functionally different from the predominant malignant cell (in vivo) in the donor patients and from the malignant plasma cells of patients with multiple myeloma. It seems possible that the lymphoid cells in culture are derived from a minor part of the malignant cell population or from normal cells. Herpes-like virus particles are present in most of the cell lines. Immunoglobulin production appeared to be independent of the presence of viral particles.
Perceptually-motivated non-photorealistic graphics

At a high level, computer graphics deals with conveying information to an observer by visual means. Generating realistic images for this task requires considerable time and computing resources. Human vision faces the opposite challenge: to distill knowledge of the world from a massive influx of visual information. It is reasonable to assume that synthetic images based on human perception and tailored for a given task can (1) decrease image synthesis costs by obviating a physically realistic lighting simulation, and (2) increase human task performance by omitting superfluous detail and enhancing visually important features. This dissertation argues that the connection between non-realistic depiction and human perception is a valuable tool to improve the effectiveness of computer-generated images to support visual communication tasks, and conversely, to learn more about human perception of such images. Artists have capitalized on non-realistic imagery to great effect, and have become masters of conveying complex and even abstract messages by visual means. The relatively new field of non-photorealistic computer graphics attempts to harness artists' implicit expertise by imitating their visual styles, media, and tools, but only few works move beyond such simulations to verify the effectiveness of generated images with perceptual studies, or to investigate which stylistic elements are effective for a given visual communication task. This dissertation demonstrates the mutual beneficence of non-realistic computer graphics and perception with two rendering frameworks and accompanying psychophysical studies: (1) Inspired by low-level human perception, a novel image-based abstraction framework simplifies and enhances images to make them easier to understand and remember. (2) A non-realistic rendering framework generates isolated visual shape cues to study human perception of fast-moving objects. The first framework leverages perception to increase effectiveness of (non-realistic) images for visually-driven tasks, while the second framework uses non-realistic images to learn about task-specific perception, thus closing the loop. As instances of the bi-directional connections between perception and non-realistic imagery, the frameworks illustrate numerous benefits including effectiveness (e.g. better recognition of abstractions versus photographs), high performance (e.g. real-time image abstraction), and relevance (e.g. shape perception in non-impoverished conditions).
Accuracy of high‐frequency catheter‐based endoscopic ultrasonography according to the indications for endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer

Background and Aim: The development of endoscopic treatment, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection, extends the indications for endoscopic resection in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the first‐choice imaging modality for determining the depth of invasion of gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the accuracy of EUS for determining the depth of EGC, according to the accepted/extended indications.
Ultrasound of Focal Liver Masses

Detecting and characterizing focal liver lesions is one of the most difficult challenges in imaging today. All standard noninvasive imaging modalities are less sensitive than generally perceived, and characterization is imperfect. Liver sonography’s main strengths are its ability to definitively characterize common benign lesions (eg, cysts and hemangiomas), safety, low cost, and its ability to guide biopsy. Sonography’s weaknesses include its inability to image the entire liver in many patients and its inferiority to CT as a means of detecting extrahepatic malignant disease. Sonography is less sensitive than CT or MRI in detecting focal lesions. Ultrasound contrast agents will certainly improve liver lesion detection and characterization, but their impact is not yet clear. Typical findings in common focal liver lesions are discussed, and some hints to improve sonographic diagnosis are presented. Increased color Doppler flow should bring the possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma and focal nodular hyperplasia to mind, but Doppler diagnosis is ultimately not highly specific. Sonography, including Doppler analysis, is useful to assess the resectability of malignant masses. Intraoperative ultrasound is the most sensitive imaging modality in detecting focal liver lesions.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex from Chloroplasts of Pisum sativum L.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is associated with intact chloroplasts and mitochondria of 9-day-old Pisum sativum L. seedlings. The ratio of the mitochondrial complex to the chloroplast complex activities is about 3 to 1. Maximal rates observed for chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity ranged from 6 to 9 micromoles of NADH produced per milligram of chlorophyll per hour. Osmotic rupture of pea chloroplasts released 88% of the complex activity, indicating that chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a stromal complex. The pH optimum for chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was between 7.8 and 8.2, whereas the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex had a pH optimum between 7.3 and 7.7. Chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was specific for pyruvate, dependent upon coenzyme A and NAD and partially dependent upon Mg(2+) and thiamine pyrophosphate.Chloroplast-associated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex provides a direct link between pyruvate metabolism and chloroplast fatty acid biosynthesis by providing the substrate, acetyl-CoA, necessary for membrane development in young plants.
정 영 옥 . 홍 승 재 1 . 김 호 연 Role of Immune Response to Type II Collagen in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Type II collagen (CII), major component of hyaline cartilage, has been considered as an auto-antigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the clinical and biological significances with regard to the CII autoimmunity need to be clarified in human RA. The presence of antibodies to CII has been identified in sera, synovial fluid, and cartilage of patients with RA. In our study, the increased titer of IgG anti-CII in sera was well correlated with C-reactive protein, suggesting that this antibody may reflect the inflammatory status of RA. The titer of anti-CII antibodies (anti-CII Abs) tended to be higher in early stages of diseases. In our extending study, among 997 patients with RA, 269 (27.0%) were positive for circulatory IgG antibody to CII, those levels were fluctuated over time. It is hard to assess the significant amount of T cell responses to CII and CII (255∼274) in RA. By using a sensitive method of antigen specific mixed lymphocyte culture, we can detect the presence of CII-reactive T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RA patients. Sixty seven (46.9%) of 143 patients showed positive CII reactive T cell responses to CII or CII (255∼274). The frequencies of CII reactive T cells were more prominent in inflamed synovial fluid (SF) than in peripheral blood. These T cells could be clonally expanded after consecutive stimulation of CII with feeding of autologous irradiated antigen presenting cells (APC). Moreover, the production of Th1-related cytokine, such as IFN-γ, was strongly up-regulated by CII reactive T cells. These data suggest that T cells responding to CII, which are probably presenting the IFN-γ producing cells, may play an important role in the perpetuation of inflammatory process in RA. To evaluate the effector function of CII reactive T cells, we investigated the effect of CII reactive T cells and fibroblasts-like synoviocytes (FLS) interaction on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. When the CII reactive T cells were co-cultured with FLS, the production of IL-15 and TNF-α from FLS were significantly increased (2 to 3 fold increase) and this increase was clearly presented in accord to the expansion of CII reactive T cells. In addition, the production of IFN-γ and IL-17, T cell derived cytokines, were also increased by the co-incubation of CII reactive T cells with FLS. We also examined the impact of CII reactive T cells on chemokines production. When FLS were co-cultured with CII stimulated T cells, the production of IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1α were significantly enhanced. The increased production of these chemokines was strongly correlated with increase the frequency of CII reactive T cells. Conclusively, immune response to CII was frequently found in RA. Activated T cells in response to CII contributed to increase the production 1 Immune Network ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ 책임저자:김호연, 강남성모병원 류마티스내과, ꂕ 137-701, 서울시 서초구 반포동 505 Tel: 02-590-2702, Fax: 02-537-4673, E-mail: ho@catholic.ac. kr 본 논문은 보건복지부의 연구비 지원(HMP-00-CH-08-0007)으로 이루어졌음. 2 Young Ok Jung, et al.
Targeted serum glycoproteomics for the discovery of lung cancer‐associated glycosylation disorders using lectin‐coupled ProteinChip arrays

To screen for glycoproteins showing aberrant sialylation patterns in sera of cancer patients and apply such information for biomarker identification, we performed SELDI‐TOF MS analysis coupled with lectin‐coupled ProteinChip arrays (Jacalin or SNA) using sera obtained from lung cancer patients and control individuals. Our approach consisted of three processes (i) removal of 14 abundant proteins in serum, (ii) enrichment of glycoproteins with lectin‐coupled ProteinChip arrays, and (iii) SELDI‐TOF MS analysis with acidic glycoprotein‐compatible matrix. We identified 41 protein peaks showing significant differences (p<0.05) in the peak levels between the cancer and control groups using the Jacalin‐ and SNA‐ProteinChips. Among them, we identified loss of Neu5Ac (α2,6) Gal/GalNAc structure in apolipoprotein C‐III (apoC‐III) in cancer patients through subsequent MALDI‐QIT‐TOF MS/MS. Furthermore, subsequent validation experiments using an additional set of 60 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 30 normal controls demonstrated that there is a higher frequency of serum apoC‐III with loss of α2,6‐linkage Neu5Ac residues in lung cancer patients compared to controls. Our results have demonstrated that lectin‐coupled ProteinChip technology allows the high‐throughput and specific recognition of cancer‐associated aberrant glycosylations, and implied a possibility of its applicability to studies on other diseases.
A rational approach to single, dual and triple therapy in COPD

The complexity of COPD treatment has increased over the last 5 years mainly because of the proliferation of drugs and delivery devices. In this paper, we will focus on currently available therapy used for maintaining patient well‐being rather than acute relief of symptoms. We propose a series of principles for rational therapy, and following a review of how currently available treatments perform in isolation and when compared with each other, we suggest an approach to aid the rational selection of the most appropriate treatment based on current evidence.
Evaluating the function of phonetic perceptual phenomena within speech recognition: an examination of the perception of /d/-/t/ by adult cochlear implant users.

This study examined whether cochlear implant users must perceive differences along phonetic continua in the same way as do normal hearing listeners (i.e., sharp identification functions, poor within-category sensitivity, high between-category sensitivity) in order to recognize speech accurately. Adult postlingually deafened cochlear implant users, who were heterogeneous in terms of their implants and processing strategies, were tested on two phonetic perception tasks using a synthetic /da/-/ta/ continuum (phoneme identification and discrimination) and two speech recognition tasks using natural recordings from ten talkers (open-set word recognition and forced-choice /d/-/t/ recognition). Cochlear implant users tended to have identification boundaries and sensitivity peaks at voice onset times (VOT) that were longer than found for normal-hearing individuals. Sensitivity peak locations were significantly correlated with individual differences in cochlear implant performance; individuals who had a /d/-/t/ sensitivity peak near normal-hearing peak locations were most accurate at recognizing natural recordings of words and syllables. However, speech recognition was not strongly related to identification boundary locations or to overall levels of discrimination performance. The results suggest that perceptual sensitivity affects speech recognition accuracy, but that many cochlear implant users are able to accurately recognize speech without having typical normal-hearing patterns of phonetic perception.