Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loopster: static loop termination analysis

Loop termination is an important problem for proving the correctness of a system and ensuring that the system always reacts. Existing loop termination analysis techniques mainly depend on the synthesis of ranking functions, which is often expensive. In this paper, we present a novel approach, named Loopster, which performs an efficient static analysis to decide the termination for loops based on path termination analysis and path dependency reasoning. Loopster adopts a divide-and-conquer approach: (1) we extract individual paths from a target multi-path loop and analyze the termination of each path, (2) analyze the dependencies between each two paths, and then (3) determine the overall termination of the target loop based on the relations among paths. We evaluate Loopster by applying it on the loop termination competition benchmark and three real-world projects. The results show that Loopster is effective in a majority of loops with better accuracy and 20 ×+ performance improvement compared to the state-of-the-art tools.
Subanaesthetic ketamine treatment alters prefrontal cortex connectivity with thalamus and ascending subcortical systems.

BACKGROUND Acute treatment with subanaesthetic doses of NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine, provides a translational model with relevance to many of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Previous studies have focused specifically on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) because this region is implicated in many of the functional deficits associated with this disorder and shows reduced activity (hypofrontality) in schizophrenia patients. Chronic NMDA antagonist treatment in rodents can also induce hypofrontality, although paradoxically acute NMDA receptor antagonist administration induces metabolic hyperfrontality. METHODS In this study, we use 2-deoxyglucose imaging data in mice to characterize acute ketamine-induced alterations in regional functional connectivity, a deeper analysis of the consequences of acute NMDA receptor hypofunction. RESULTS We show that acute ketamine treatment increases PFC metabolic activity while reducing metabolic activity in the dorsal reticular thalamic nucleus (dRT). This is associated with abnormal functional connectivity between the PFC and multiple thalamic nuclei, including the dRT, mediodorsal (MDthal), and anteroventral (AVthal) thalamus. In addition, we show that acute NMDA receptor blockade alters the functional connectivity of the serotonergic (dorsal raphe [DR]), noradrenergic (locus coeruleus [LC]), and cholinergic (vertical limb of the diagonal band of broca [VDB]) systems. CONCLUSIONS Together with other emerging data, these findings suggest that the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, along with the diffusely projecting subcortical aminergic/cholinergic systems, represent a primary site of action for ketamine in reproducing the diverse symptoms of schizophrenia. Our results also demonstrate the added scientific insight gained by characterizing the functional connectivity of discrete brain regions from brain imaging data gained in a preclinical context.
Hardware realization of space vector-PWM 3-level inverter using DSP with RTW

The aim of this paper is to elaborate the development of most popular technique for design of three level, Neutral diode clamped inverter using DSP TMS320LF2407. Simulation is done using Matlab-Simulink for three phase three level SVPWM inverter and same model is burned using RTW in Matlab to code composer studio 3.3. 1 and C code generated automatically to validate the simulation with hardware model with comparison. Normally for inverter application Atmega or Arduino based controllers can be utilized but the limitations are there like complexity in programming, processing time and dead time problem that can be overcome by DSP series C2000 controller that are dedicated mainly for Power supply and motor applications.
Theoretical study of dual-resonant frequency and circular polarization of elliptical microstrip antennas

A simple and accurate technique is presented for calculating the dual-resonant frequency f/sup e.0//sub 11/ of the dominant even and odd modes and for predicting the existence of circular polarizations (CPs) of elliptical microstrip antennas (EMAs). The dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/ can be achieved by feeding the elliptical patch at M or N point as presented. In this paper, to get improved dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/, the effective semi-major axis u/sub ui/ is taken into account in evaluation. The elliptical microstrip antennas (EMAs) with small values of eccentricity have been employed to produce circular polarizations (CPs) with the use of single feed (M or N) point The comparison between calculated and measured dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/ demonstrates that the present technique provides less than 1% errors for two different thicknesses of dielectric substrate with low relative permittivity (/spl epsiv//sub r/=2.48). Generally, the technique calculates the dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/ of elliptical microstrip antennas (EMAs) as accurately as possible with the tolerance range of the antenna structure's electrical and physical parameters. The present dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/ is useful for application of elliptical microstrip antenna (EMA) designs with simple closed-form formula. The existence of circular polarization can be demonstrated by axial ratio (AR) as presented.
Differences in Intracellular pH Regulation by Na+/H+ Antiporter among Two-Cell Mouse Embryos Derived from Females of Different Strains1

Abstract Regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) by two-cell-stage embryos derived from female mice of three different strains (CF-1, Balb/c, and BDF) was investigated. Embryos recovered at a slow rate from intracellular acidosis produced by a pulse of NH4Cl; the rate did not differ significantly among strains. Recovery was reversibly inhibited by amiloride or the absence of Na+, implicating Na+/H+ antiporter activity. The threshold pHi (setpoint) below which Na+/H+ antiporter activity was elicited was approximately 7.15 for each strain. No recovery from induced acidosis occurred in the absence of external Na+ in any strain, and thus embryos could be maintained in acidosis for an extended period. Upon reintroduction of Na+, embryos derived from either CF-1 or BDF females recovered at a slow rate comparable to that measured in embryos not maintained for a period in Na+-free medium, but embryos derived from Balb/c females consistently recovered at a highly accelerated rate. This accelerated recovery appeared to be due, in part, to an activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter in Balb/c-derived embryos, which did not occur in CF-1- or BDF-derived embryos. Thus, embryos derived from different strains of female mice differ in their control of mechanisms for pHi regulation.
Conductive layer deposition and peel tests on biodegradable printed circuit boards

Biodegradable plastics are novel materials which can be degraded by organic methods. The aim of the work was to investigate the usability of a cellulose-acetate (CA) and a polylactide (PLA) based material as a printed circuit board (PCB) with conductive layer peel tests. The common types of conductive layer coating processes were proposed: copper foil lamination, copper electroplating and thick film conductive layer deposition. The paper focuses solely of copper foil lamination. The laminates were examined by optical microscopy. The copper layer peel tests were mainly used to determine the bonding strength of the conductive layer, according to the instructions of IPC-TM-650 standard. Future investigations will involve application and test of the other conductive layer deposition processes, also the possible soldering methods, and thermal stability of the biodegradable PCBs.
The impact of entrepreneurship educations on entrepreneurial capacity and self-employment

Real Estate Management (REM) practice is being increasingly challenged, as a result of the economic recession, encroachment of quacks and allied professionals as well as the technological revolution of the contemporary knowledge-based economy. This implies that conformist approach to the REM training might not be enough to guarantee REM students employment prospect. More so, the issue of graduates’ employability in the job market is becoming more competitive in Malaysia. However, entrepreneurship education (EE) introduced in the Malaysian Higher learning institutions with the intention of boosting the employability of the graduates. In spite of the above initiative, impact assessment of the EE is still ambiguous, particularly, in the REM discipline. Hence, an absence of a common assessment framework to evaluate diverse EEs registered in the literature. Therefore, the research aimed to assess perception of the REM students on the impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial capacity and self-employment intention and to propose an Objective-based Entrepreneurship Education Assessment Model (OBEEAM). The research employed quantitative research approach and ex-post research design. Hence, purposive sample technique applied to collect data on the sample size of 437 REM students through a cross-sectional survey in the four Malaysian public universities. SPSS 22.0 and Structural Equation Modeling tools of analysis were used to analyse, data collected, proposed OBEEAM and test of the nine research hypotheses empirically. The findings indicated a positive impact of entrepreneurship education on the perception of REM students’ entrepreneurial capacity and self-employment intention as a career option. Despite, the skills of creativity and innovation in the idea development, risk taking proficiency and practical workshop practice were somewhat weak. Therefore, the need for more practical initiative exercises such as extended entrepreneurship teaching in the core courses and across the years of REM programmes recommended. This could provide the innovation required for the development of dynamic future real estate-entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The research’s novelty is the proposed multidirectional OBEEAM that had integrated the core values and drivers of entrepreneurship teaching and self-employment intention; it could be adopted, adapted and implemented for the assessment of EEs in any academic field of studies.
Risk of stroke after surgery in patients with and without chronic atrial fibrillation

Summary. Background: The extent to which chronic atrial fibrillation affects the risk of postoperative stroke is largely unknown. Objectives: We sought to determine the 30‐day rate of stroke among patients with and without chronic AF who underwent 10 different types of surgery. Patients/methods: The crude incidence of stroke was retrospectively determined using a population‐based linked administrative database of hospitalized patients who underwent specified operations between 1 January 1996 and 30 November 2005. The risk of stroke in patients with AF was adjusted for age, race, sex, presence of diabetes, heart failure, hypertension and prior stroke. Results: The overall 30‐day rate of stroke in 69 202 patients with chronic AF was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.7–1.9%) vs. 0.6% (CI, 0.58–0.62%) in 2 470 649 patients without AF. The risk‐adjusted odds of a postoperative stroke in patients with chronic AF were 2.1 (CI, 2.0–2.3). The highest incremental difference in the crude rate of stroke was observed in patients undergoing neurologic or vascular surgery, with a difference of approximately 2%. Conclusion: Patients with chronic AF had twice the risk of postoperative stroke. Randomized trials are needed to determine if aggressive perioperative anticoagulation can reduce the incidence of postoperative stroke in patients with AF.
Platelet-Mediated Modulation of Adaptive Immunity : Unique Delivery of CD 154 Signal by Platelet-Derived Membrane Vesicles Short Title : PDMV deliver CD 154 signals to B cells

Short Title: PDMV deliver CD154 signals to B cells Daniel L. Sprague, Bennett D. Elzey, Scott A. Crist, Thomas J. Waldschmidt, Robert J. Jensen, and Timothy L. Ratliff Department of Urology, University of Iowa Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Interdisciplinary Immunology Program, University of Iowa Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University
Guidance for the preparation of neurological management guidelines by EFNS scientific task forces – revised recommendations 2004 *

Since the publication of the first EFNS task force reports in 1997, a total of 20 evidence‐based guidelines for the treatment and management of neurological diseases have been published by the EFNS (http://www.efns.org/guidelines). In 2001, recommendations for the preparation of neurological guidelines were issued by the EFNS Scientific Committee (Eur J Neurol 2001; 8: 549–550). These have now been updated and revised. More unified criteria for standards of reporting are set up which include classes of scientific evidence and predefined levels of recommendation. These criteria as well as others listed below should be used for all working groups that aim at recommending treatment, diagnostic procedures or other interventions within the framework of the EFNS.
KIT ligand and bone morphogenetic protein signaling enhances human embryonic stem cell to germ-like cell differentiation.

BACKGROUND Signaling mechanisms involved in early human germ cell development are largely unknown and believed to be similar to mouse germ cell development; however, there may be species specific differences. KIT ligand (KITL) and Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) are necessary in mouse germ cell development and may play an important role in human germ cell development. METHODS KITL signaling studies were conducted by differentiating human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on KITL wild-type, hetero- or homozygous knockout feeders for 10 days, and the effects of BMP signaling was determined by differentiation in the presence of BMP4 or its antagonist, Noggin. The formation of germ-like cells was ascertained by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR for germ cell markers. RESULTS The loss of KITL in enrichment and differentiation cultures resulted in significant down-regulation of germ cell genes and a 70.5% decrease in germ-like (DDX4+ POU5F1+) cells, indicating that KITL is involved in human germ cell development. Moreover, endogenous BMP signaling caused germ-like (DDX4+ POU5F1+) cell differentiation, and the inhibition of this pathway caused a significant decrease in germ cell gene expression and in the number of DDX4+ POU5F1+ cells. Further, we demonstrated that eliminating feeders but maintaining their secreted extracellular matrix is sufficient to sustain the increased numbers of DDX4+ POU5F1+ cells in culture. However, this resulted in decreased germ cell gene expression. CONCLUSIONS From these studies, we establish that KITL and BMP4 germ cell signaling affects in vitro formation of hESC derived germ-like cells and we suggest that they may play an important role in normal human germ cell development.
A Counting Algorithm and Application of Image-Based Printed Circuit Boards

In the production line of printed circuit boards (PCB), quality control requires constant counting and recording of the number of boards which, in some special cases, is done by workers in the factory. This form of counting consumes labor and time, not to mention the high error rate. In this paper, an automatic method to count PCBs is proposed. With the use of image processing techniques, the number of PCBs can be non-destructively calculated as they pass through the production line, which will effectively improve the production efficiency. The first step of the proposed system is to take a picture of a stack of PCBs using a digital camera. The captured image is transformed to a gray level picture and processed by a noise removal algorithm to improve the proposed mechanism’s precision. The output of the counting algorithm includes PCB count and confidence level. In practical applications, the confidence level can help people to on-line diagnose erroneous counting and correct it when the visualization counting system fails to accurately differentiate the boards.
Levetiracetam in pregnancy

Objectives: Levetiracetam is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) which is currently licensed in the United States and the United Kingdom and Ireland for use as adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures and myoclonic seizures or generalized tonic-clonic seizures, occurring as part of generalized epilepsy syndromes. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it is also licensed as monotherapy treatment for focal-onset seizures. Previous small studies have suggested a low risk for major congenital malformations (MCM) with levetiracetam use in pregnancy. Methods: The UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy Registers are prospective, observational registration and follow-up studies that were set up to determine the relative safety of all AEDs taken in pregnancy. Here we report our combined results for first-trimester exposures to levetiracetam from October 2000 to August 2011. Results: Outcome data were available for 671 pregnancies. Of these, 304 had been exposed to levetiracetam in monotherapy, and 367 had been exposed to levetiracetam in combination with at least one other AED. There were 2 MCM in the monotherapy group (0.70%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19%–2.51%) and 19 in the polytherapy group (6.47%; 4.31%–9.60%). The MCM rate in the polytherapy group varied by AED regimen, with lower rates when levetiracetam was given with lamotrigine (1.77%; 95% CI 0.49%–6.22%) than when given with valproate (6.90%; 95% CI 1.91%–21.96%) or carbamazepine (9.38%; 95% CI 4.37%–18.98%). Conclusion: This study, in a meaningful number of exposed pregnancies, confirms a low risk for MCM with levetiracetam monotherapy use in pregnancy. MCM risk is higher when levetiracetam is taken as part of a polytherapy regimen, although further work is required to determine the risks of particular combinations. With respect to MCM, levetiracetam taken in monotherapy can be considered a safer alternative to valproate for women with epilepsy of childbearing age.
First Molecular Data on the Phylum Loricifera – An Investigation into the Phylogeny of Ecdysozoa with Emphasis on the Positions of Loricifera and Priapulida

Abstract Recent progress in molecular techniques has generated a wealth of information for phylogenetic analysis. Among metazoans all but a single phylum have been incorporated into some sort of molecular analysis. However, the minute and rare species of the phylum Loricifera have remained elusive to molecular systematists. Here we report the first molecular sequence data (nearly complete 18S rRNA) for a member of the phylum Loricifera, Pliciloricus sp. from Korea. The new sequence data were analyzed together with 52 other ecdysozoan sequences, with all other phyla represented by three or more sequences. The data set was analyzed using parsimony as an optimality criterion under direct optimization as well as using a Bayesian approach. The parsimony analysis was also accompanied by a sensitivity analysis. The results of both analyses are largely congruent, finding monophyly of each ecdysozoan phylum, except for Priapulida, in which the coelomate Meiopriapulus is separate from a clade of pseudocoelomate priapulids. The data also suggest a relationship of the pseudocoelomate priapulids to kinorhynchs, and a relationship of nematodes to tardigrades. The Bayesian analysis placed the arthropods as the sister group to a clade that includes tardigrades and nematodes. However, these results were shown to be parameter dependent in the sensitivity analysis. The position of Loricifera was extremely unstable to parameter variation, and support for a relationship of loriciferans to any particular ecdysozoan phylum was not found in the data.
Higher order aberrations in keratoconus: A review

This paper describes the challenges in measuring and correcting the optical aberrations in keratoconic eyes, and reviews what has been learned from studies investigating the use of aberration-controlling contact lenses in keratoconus. At present the idea of aberration-controlling contact lenses is plausible. If contact lens designers can manufacture customised lenses with accuracy and good movement stability, then aberration-controlling contact lenses could possibly prove to be a very useful tool for those involved in managing keratoconic patients.
Multi–Motor Unit Potential Analysis and Other Quantitative Techniques for Laryngeal Electromyogram

Summary: Reference values for motor unit potentials of laryngeal muscles, the thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles, have been collected using multi–motor unit potential quantitative electromyogram analysis technique with concentric quantitative electromyogram–needle electrode type in 40 healthy volunteers. The method is well tolerated, easy to perform, and examination of one muscle takes usually around 5 minutes. The mean motor unit potential amplitude of both muscles was significantly larger in men than in women. The method can safely be used in clinical routine. Other quantitative electromyogram methods are also shortly reviewed.
Distinguishing between Rooted and Rootless Detachments: A Case Study from the Mormon Mountains of Southeastern Nevada

Rooted detachment faults and detachments beneath rootless slide blocks exhibit many similar structural characteristics. However, while rooted detachments are thought to penetrate into the midcrust and to accommodate significant crustal extension, rootless detachments break to the surface downdip and are not directly involved in such extension. Distinguishing between these two mechanically different kinds of structure is central to the assessment of extension magnitude. Here we examine deformation along the Mormon Peak detachment, a feature that has been cited as an example of both a rooted and a rootless structure. Located in the Mormon Mountains of southeastern Nevada, this detachment has been interpreted as one of three low‐angle normal faults of regional scale that together are thought to have accommodated more than 50 km of Basin and Range extension. For the most part, however, the Mormon Peak detachment is expressed as a series of isolated exposures where Paleozoic rocks are in brittle fault contact with nonmylonitized underlying rocks. Individual blocks contain high‐angle normal faults that terminate downward at their respective detachment surfaces, yielding a geometry common to both modes of emplacement. In order to test between these competing interpretations, we studied deformational characteristics close to the detachment surface, reasoning that a seismogenic fault ought to differ fundamentally from a surficial slide block, particularly if the slide block was emplaced in a single event rather than by protracted or episodic creep. An examination of the contact mapped as the Mormon Peak detachment reveals that the character of deformation is indistinguishable from that of known gravity‐driven slide blocks and is fundamentally different from that associated with seismically cycled faults. Moreover, the orientation of kinematic indicators observed at detachment surfaces is consistently close to the downdip direction, which in many places diverges strongly from the expected direction of movement in the rooted detachment model. We conclude that outcrops of the inferred upper plate of the Mormon Peak detachment represent an assemblage of individual rootless gravity‐driven slide blocks and not the erosional remnants of a formerly contiguous extensional allochthon. If similar misidentifications have been made elsewhere in the Basin and Range Province, total Cenozoic extension may have been significantly overestimated. Implications for the interpretation of extensional geology in general are far‐reaching.