Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Postoperative Outcome in Pure Medial Orbital Fracture Among Three Groups: Using Porous Polyethylene or Hydroxyapatite Through Subciliary Approach and Transnasal Endoscopic Correction

Many methods of surgical repair of pure medial orbital fractures have been reported. In this study, we discuss the outcome from the surgical corrections of hydroxyapatite (Biocoral) or porous polyethylene (Medpor) through subciliary approach, and the transnasal endoscopic corrections. Between March 1993 and July 2003, 63 patients were treated with porous polyethylene and 48 patients were treated with hydroxyapatite. Between August 2003 and December 2005, 50 patients were treated with transnasal endoscopic approach. Patients had at least 6 months' follow-up, and the records for diplopia, enophthalmos, and other postoperative complications were reviewed retrospectively. As a result, 1 patient from the group using porous polyethylene, 2 patients from the group using hydroxyapatite, and 1 patient from the endoscopic correction group had enophthalmos. Besides enophthalmos, no other complications were observed. There was no significant statistical correlation among 3 groups. In conclusion, a transnasal endoscopic correction may be considered a useful method for surgical repair of pure medial orbital fractures, with no external facial scar and excellent visualization and accuracy comparable to that of the subciliary approach.
Effects of Src Homology Domain 2 (SH2)-Containing Inositol Phosphatase (SHIP), SH2-Containing Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase (SHP)-1, and SHP-2 SH2 Decoy Proteins on FcγRIIB1-Effector Interactions and Inhibitory Functions1

Coaggregation of FcγRIIB1 with B cell Ag receptors (BCR) leads to inhibition of BCR-mediated signaling via recruitment of Src homology domain 2 (SH2)-containing phosphatases. In vitro peptide binding experiments using phosphotyrosine-containing sequences derived from the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) known to mediate FcγRIIB1 effects suggest that the receptor uses SH2-containing inositol phophatase (SHIP) and SH2-containing phophotyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1, as well as SHP-2 as effectors. In contrast, coimmunoprecipitation studies of receptor-effector associations suggest that the predominant FcγRIIB1 effector protein is SHIP. However, biologically significant interactions may be lost in such studies if reactants’ dissociation rates (Kd) are high. Thus, it is unclear to what extent these assays reflect the relative recruitment of SHIP, SHP-1, and SHP-2 to the receptor in vivo. As an alternative approach to this question, we have studied the effects of ectopically expressed SHIP, SHP-1, or SHP-2 SH2-containing decoy proteins on FcγRIIB1 signaling. Results demonstrate the SHIP is the predominant intracellular ligand for the phosphorylated FcγRIIB1 ITIM, although the SHP-2 decoy exhibits some ability to bind FcγRIIB1 and block Fc receptor function. The SHIP SH2, while not affecting FcγRIIB1 tyrosyl phosphorylation, blocks receptor-mediated recruitment of SHIP, SHIP phosphorylation, recruitment of p52 Shc, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate hydrolysis, inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and, albeit more modestly, FcγRIIB1 inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization. Taken together, results implicate ITIM interactions with SHIP as a major mechanism of FcγRIIB1-mediated inhibitory signaling.
Continuous Carrier-Based vs. Space Vector PWM for Five-Phase VSI

Multi-phase machines are nowadays considered for various applications due to the benefits that they offer when compared to their three-phase counterparts. Multiphase voltage source inverters (VSI) are dominantly used in the power conversion stage for their supply and an appropriate pulse width modulation (PWM) method is therefore necessary to provide required output voltages to a multiphase machine. This paper deals with five-phase VSI and development of continuous PWM schemes for sinusoidal inverter output voltage generation. Both carrier-based and space vector PWM (SVPWM) methods are elaborated, implemented into digital signal processor (DSP), and tested on a five-phase VSI supplying a star-connected load.
High‐resolution computed tomography analysis of the medial infratemporal fossa: a pilot study

The medial aspect of the infratemporal fossa (ITF) can be accessed endoscopically. Two important landmarks to help guide dissection in this area have previously been identified: the anterior border of the foramen ovale (AFO) and the “bony bridge” (BB), a consistent bridge of bone between the foramen ovale and spinosum. We conducted a pilot study using high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) to measure the distances to these structures.
Eight genotypes (A–H) of hepatitis B virus infecting patients from San Francisco and their demographic, clinical, and virological characteristics

Clinical lines of evidence have been accumulated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes have characteristic geographical distributions and distinct clinical impact on liver diseases. The distribution of HBV genotypes was determined with reference to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in 165 patients with hepatitis B in San Francisco. HBV genotypes were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the unclassified samples were sequenced within the S region for phylogenetic analysis. Genotype A occurred in 60 (36%) patients, B in 16 (10%), C in 56 (34%), D in 19 (12%), E in 1 (1%), F in 1 (1%), G in 8 (5%), and H in 4 (2%). Caucasians were infected predominantly with HBV genotype A (HBV/A) (38 of 57 [67%]), Asians with HBV/C (45 of 63 [71%]), and Hispanics with HBV/F and HBV/H (4 of 9 [44%]). Serum ALT levels were higher in the patients infected with HBV/A (P = 0.03) or HBV/G (P = 0.02) than HBV/C. HBeAg was more frequent in patients infected with HBV/G than HBV/C or HBV/D (7 of 8 [88%] vs. 25 of 56 [45%] or 6 of 19 [32%], P = 0.03 or 0.01). In conclusion, eight genotypes (A–H) were identified in San Francisco in association with various ethnicities and then influenced ALT levels as well as the prevalence of serum HBeAg. HBV genotype H might be identified by combination of preS2 serotpe bksf and HBsAg serotype adw. J. Med. Virol. 73:516–521, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secure communication scheme with hyper-chaotic Lorenz-Stenflo system

In order to enhance the security of communication, this paper designs a simple secure communication scheme based on the hyper-chaotic Lorenz-Stenflo system. Two identical hyper-chaotic Lorenz-Stenflo systems are used to construct the transmitter and receiver, respectively. By employing the single-variable linear-feedback technique associated with the adaptive control for gain strength, the two identical hyper-chaotic Lorenz-Stenflo systems can achieve synchronization. At the transmitter end, the signal obtained from function transform for the original useful information is added to the chaotic carrier. Then the combined signal is transmitted in the public channel. At the receiver end, the original information signal is recovered from the combined signal via chaos synchronization technique. Numerical simulations verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the secure communication scheme proposed in this paper.
MicroRNAs in the miR-106b Family Regulate p21/CDKN1A and Promote Cell Cycle Progression

ABSTRACT microRNAs in the miR-106b family are overexpressed in multiple tumor types and are correlated with the expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle. Consistent with these observations, miR-106b family gain of function promotes cell cycle progression, whereas loss of function reverses this phenotype. Microarray profiling uncovers multiple targets of the family, including the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21/CDKN1A. We show that p21 is a direct target of miR-106b and that its silencing plays a key role in miR-106b-induced cell cycle phenotypes. We also show that miR-106b overrides a doxorubicin-induced DNA damage checkpoint. Thus, miR-106b family members contribute to tumor cell proliferation in part by regulating cell cycle progression and by modulating checkpoint functions.
A Stable Bioluminescent Construct of Escherichia coli O157:H7 for Hazard Assessments of Long-Term Survival in the Environment

ABSTRACT A chromosomally lux-marked (Tn5 luxCDABE) strain of nontoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was constructed by transposon mutagenesis and shown to have retained the O157, H7, and intimin phenotypes. The survival characteristics of this strain in the experiments performed (soil at −5, −100, and −1,500 kPa matric potential and artificial groundwater) were indistinguishable from the wild-type strain. Evaluation of potential luminescence was found to be a rapid, cheap, and quantitative measure of viable E. coli O157:H7 Tn5 luxCDABE populations in environmental samples. In the survival studies, bioluminescence of the starved populations of E. coli O157:H7 Tn5 luxCDABE could be reactivated to the original levels of light emission, suggesting that these populations remain viable and potentially infective to humans. The attributes of the construct offer a cheap and low-risk substitute to the use of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 in long-term survival studies.
Alcohol in the second half of life: do usual quantity and frequency of drinking to intoxication increase with increased drinking frequency?

AIMS We investigated if increased drinking frequency among adults in the second half of life co-occurred with increased usual quantity and increased intoxication frequency. DESIGN Two-wave panel study. SETTING Norway. PARTICIPANTS Norwegian adults (1017 women and 959 men) aged 40-79 years. MEASUREMENTS Drinking frequency, usual quantity and intoxication frequency was measured by self-report in 2002/03 and again in 2007/08. Information about gender, age and level of education was obtained from the public register. Health was collected by self-report. FINDINGS Because of a significant gender × change in drinking frequency interaction effect on change in intoxication frequency (b = 0.02, P = 0.013), women and men were analysed separately. After adjusting for covariates, women who increase their drinking frequency showed a non-significant decrease in usual quantity [low initial usual quantity (LIUQ): β = -0.01, P = 0.879; high initial usual quantity (HIUQ): β = -0.06, P = 0.164] and a non-significant increase in intoxication frequency (LIUQ: β = 0.04, P = 0.569; HIUQ: β = 0.09, P = 0.251). Men who increased their drinking frequency showed a small decrease in usual quantity (LIUQ: β = -0.06, P = 0.049; HIUQ: β = -0.05, P = 0.002) and a small increase in intoxication frequency (LIUQ: β = 0.05, P = 0.035; HIUQ: β = 0.13, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Among Norwegian adults in the second half of life, increased drinking frequency appears to be associated with a small reduction in usual quantity, and a small increase in frequency of drinking to intoxication.
Fluctuation effects on quadratic autocatalysis fronts

A Markov chain model for spatially distributed autocatalytic systems with a quadratic reaction rate is considered. An approximate solution for the local probability distribution is obtained in the form of a perturbation expansion for the regimes where diffusion is relatively fast. Using this approximate distribution, properties of the chemical wave fronts found in these autocatalytic systems are studied, and deviations of the minimum propagation velocity and the concentration profile from deterministic predictions are analyzed. A comparison with numerical results from lattice–gas automaton simulations is also provided.
Cutting Tool Crater Wear Measurement in Turning Using Chip Geometry and Genetic Programming

Tool wear prediction plays an important role in industry automation for higher productivity and acceptable product quality. Therefore, in order to increase the productivity of turning process, various researches have been made recently for tool wear estimation and classification in turning process. Chip form is one of the most important factors commonly considered in evaluating the performance of machining process. On account of the effect of the progressive tool wear on the shape and geometrical features of produced chip, it is possible to predict some measurable machining outputs such as crater wear. According to experimentally performed researches, cutting speed and cutting time are two extremely effective parameters which contribute to the development of the crater wear on the tool rake face. As a result, these parameters will change the chip radius and geometry. This paper presents the development of the genetic equation for the tool wear using occurred changes in chip radius in turning process. The development of the equation combines different methods and technologies like evolutionary methods, manufacturing technology, measuring and control technology with the adequate hardware and software support. The results obtained from genetic equation and experiments showed that obtained genetic equations are correlated well with the experimental data. Furthermore, it can be used for tool wear estimation during cutting process and because of its parametric form, genetic equation enables us to analyze the effect of input parameters on the crater wear parameters.
Influence of alcohol consumption on IBS and dyspepsia

Abstract The role of alcohol use in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and dyspepsia is not well understood. We hypothesised that people with psychological distress who drink no alcohol, or excess alcohol, are at increased risk of having IBS or dyspepsia. Valid gastrointestinal (GI) symptom surveys were mailed to randomly selected cohorts of community residents. Associations between IBS, dyspepsia and abdominal pain and alcohol use were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for a Somatic Symptom Checklist score (SSC). A total of 4390 (80%) responded; of these, 10.5% reported IBS, 2% dyspepsia and 22% abdominal pain. Alcohol consumption >7 drinks week−1 was associated with a greater odds for dyspepsia (OR 2.3; 95% CI:1.1–5.0) and frequent abdominal pain (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.0) but not IBS. However, significant interactions among gender, alcohol use and SSC scores were detected (P < 0.005). In females with a low SSC score, consuming alcohol ≥7 drinks week−1 increased the odds of IBS compared to drinking alcohol moderately. Alcohol consumption was associated with dyspepsia and abdominal pain. A relationship with IBS was identified when interactions with somatization and gender were appropriately considered. Whether these associations are due to the effects of alcohol on the gut, or a common central mechanism remains to be determined.
Allelopathic effect of methanolic extracts of genetically modified and non-genetically modified canola on soybean

This study on the effect of genetically modified (GM) and non-GM canola on soybean was carried out for physiological and biochemical biosafety assessment of GM canola. Methanolic extracts of GM and non-GM canola were assessed on seed germination and growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) under sterilized conditions. The extracts applied were of 3, 5, and 10% concentrations. The results showed that methanolic extracts of both GM and non-GM canola improved the germination percentage. However, germination rate index was significantly decreased with concomitant increase in mean germination time of soybean. A significant rate of decrease was observed in root fresh weight while increase in shoot length took place; when treatment of GM canola extracts were applied, however, no effect was observed in shoot fresh weight. A significant increase in protein contents, as well as phenolic, carotenoids, proline, and chlorophyll a content, was observed when different GM canola treatments (3, 5, and 10%) were applied to soybean; however, a significant rate of reduction in chlorophyll b content was observed by the application of GM canola treatment. Similar results were observed for superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities. A significant increase in the sugar content levels was observed when GM canola treatments (3, 5, and 10%) were applied to soybean.
Evaluation of fault contribution in the presence of PV grid-connected systems

An increasing number of distributed generations (DGs) being connected to the utility grid has raised the need for new and more rigorous standards for power quality, safety operation and islanding protection of the grid interconnection. This paper focuses on the fault contribution of a distributed generation, specifically PV grid-connected system in the event of an unintentional islanding. An experimental setup is created using an off-the-shelf grid-connected inverter to emulate the event of a fault occurred on a distribution feeder. An extreme case scenario, according to the IEEE standard, that will result in the highest fault contribution of the PV grid-connected system is considered for conservative results. The experimental results have shown that, without violating the specified criteria in the standard, the grid-connected inverter takes times to detect an islanding condition and stop energizing. The experimental results are used to investigate the fault contribution in a distribution system. This study has shown that higher penetration level of the PV grid-connected systems results in higher fault current which unavoidably has effects on the protective devices. This observation introduces the possibility of selecting and/or upgrading protective devices in a distribution system.
A wire-mesh sensor for air-water two-phase flow imaging

Wire-mesh sensor is an intrusive sensor based on local instantaneous conductivity measurement in multiphase flows. A conductivity wire-mesh sensor measurement system is designed to image the horizontal air-water two-phase flow. The proposed wire-mesh sensor consists of two planes of parallel 16 electrodes which cross under an angle of 90° and are installed across a pipe with 50mm inner diameter, so the local conductivity of the fluid at crossing points can be measured. Data acquisition system is composed by an excitation module, a multi-channel switching module, a signal conditioning module and a multi-channel data acquisition module. The logic control of time multiplexed excitation and re-trigger acquisition is realized by the cooperation of a PXI modular instrument and a FPGA. The sensor can operate at a time resolution of 200 frames/s and a spatial resolution of 3.1 mm. Flow imaging is presented in two ways: cross-sectional image and axial slice image along the central chord of the pipe in axial direction. Sensor validation indicated that the proposed system has a good stability and effectiveness. Dynamic tests of flow imaging of bubbly flow, plug flow, stratified flow, slug flow and annular flow were conducted, which can provide detailed information about the flow conditions.
Locus of hypoxic vasoconstriction in isolated ferret lungs.

To determine whether hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) occurs mainly in alveolar or extra-alveolar vessels in ferrets, we used two groups of isolated lungs perfused with autologous blood and a constant left atrial pressure (-5 Torr). In the first group, flow (Q) was held constant at 50, 100, and 150 ml.kg-1 X min-1, and changes in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) were recorded as alveolar pressure (Palv) was lowered from 25 to 0 Torr during control [inspired partial pressure of O2 (PIO2) = 200 Torr] and hypoxic (PIO2 = 25 Torr) conditions. From these data, pressure-flow relationships were constructed at several levels of Palv. In the control state, lung inflation did not affect the slope of the pressure-flow relationships (delta Ppa/delta Q), but caused the extrapolated pressure-axis intercept (Ppa0), representing the mean backpressure to flow, to increase when Palv was greater than or equal to 5 Torr. Hypoxia increased delta Ppa/delta Q and Ppa0 at all levels of Palv. In contrast to its effects under control condition, lung inflation during hypoxia caused a progressive decrease in delta Ppa/delta Q, and did not alter Ppa0 until Palv was greater than or equal to 10 Torr. In the second group of experiments flow was maintained at 100 ml.kg-1 X min-1, and changes in lung blood volume (LBV) were recorded as Palv was varied between 20 and 0 Torr. In the control state, inflation increased LBV over the entire range of Palv. In the hypoxic state inflation decreased LBV until Palv reached 8 Torr; at Palv 8-20 Torr, inflation increased LBV. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Partial trisomy and monosomy 8p due to inversion duplication

Fluorescent in situ hybridization with probes specific for a chromosomal subregion and chromosome‐specific libraries (chromosome painting) are important new methods for assessing chromosome rearrangements. In this paper we present four patients with additional chromosomal material on chromosome 8p who have been studied using G‐banding techniques, chromosome painting and FISH with cosmid probes specific for the region 8p23.1 → 8pter. In all cases we found a partial inversion duplication of 8p along with a deletion of the region 8p23.1 → 8pter.
Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: effects with time, age, and menopause status.

BACKGROUND Mammographic images from women with a high proportion of epithelial and stromal breast tissues are described as showing high-density parenchymal patterns. Most past studies that noted an increase in breast cancer risk associated with mammographic parenchymal patterns showing high density either 1) lacked information on other breast cancer risk factors, 2) were too small, or 3) included insufficient follow-up time to adequately resolve persisting doubts whether mammographic features are "independent" measures of breast cancer risk and not a detection artifact. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to evaluate the associations between mammographic features and other breast cancer risk factors and 2) to assess effects of mammographic features on breast cancer risk by time, age, and menopause status. METHODS To address these questions, we analyzed detailed information from a large, nested case-control study with 16 years of follow-up. This study used information from both screening and follow-up phases of the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, a nationwide program that offered annual breast cancer screening for more than 280,000 women from 1973 to 1980. Mammographic features were assessed from the base-line screening mammographic examination for 1880 incident case subjects and 2152 control subjects. Control subjects were randomly selected from women of the same age and race as each case subject. Control subjects attended the same screening center as the case subject and were free of breast cancer at the case subject's date of diagnosis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) provided estimates of the relative risk of breast cancer. RESULTS Mammographic features were associated with known breast cancer risk factors. However, the high-density parenchymal pattern effects were independent of family history, age at first birth, alcohol consumption, and benign breast disease. The increase risk for women with Wolfe's two high-density parenchymal patterns, P2 (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.5-4.0) and Dy (OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 2.2-3.9), was explained primarily by measured percent of the breast with dense mammographic appearance. Compared with women with no visible breast density, women who had a breast density of 75% or greater had an almost fivefold increased risk of breast cancer (95% CI = 3.6-7.1). These effects persisted for 10 or more years and were noted for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women of all ages. CONCLUSIONS Of the breast cancer risk factors assessed in the participants, high-density mammographic parenchymal patterns, as measured by the proportion of breast area composed of epithelial and stromal tissue, had the greatest impact on breast cancer risk. Of the breast cancers in this study, 28% were attributable to having 50% or greater breast density.