Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Maternal Stress and Neurobehavioral Development of the Neonate

Although a growing body of evidence demonstrates that maternal prenatal psychosocial stress programs fetal neurodevelopment (1; 2), there is little study of this effect in ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples. The study presented here investigates in a predominately minority, low-to-middle-income sample (n=50) whether maternal perceived stress during pregnancy predicts offspring neurobehavioral competence. We expected that infants of mothers who experienced higher levels of stress would demonstrate less optimal neurobehavioral competence than infants of mothers who perceived lower levels of prenatal stress. To test this hypothesis, maternal perceived stress was measured during the second trimester of pregnancy. Approximately four weeks after birth, neonate neurodevelopment was measured by an independent observer using a standardized neurobehavioral assessment tool. Results showed that higher maternal prenatal stress predicted less optimal state organization in infants. There were no significant differences detected in motor function or responsivity between the infants of high- and low-stress mothers. The relation between maternal stress and infant state organization could not be explained by race, socioeconomic status, maternal or infant age, parity, birth weight, infant sex, or mode of delivery, suggesting an independent association. These data provide further evidence for prenatal programming of offspring neurodevelopment. Early childhood self-regulation, in particular, is an important predictor of psychological and behavioral development later in childhood and is therefore a meaningful indicator of a child ʼ s long-term health trajectory (3; 4).
TAP 2 polymorphisms in Iranian patients with type I diabetes mellitus

1 Department of Immunogenetics, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 2 Internal Medicine Department, Endocrine Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 3 Department of Immunogenetics, Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 4 Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Mashhad branch, Iran.
BEHAVIOR AS AN EARLY SIGN OF TOXICITY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INJURY INDUCED BY CADMIUM

The aim of the present study was to determine the validity of behavior as an early sign of toxicity and respiratory injuries induced by acute exposure to cadmium in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The effects of three cadmium concentrations (35, 45, and 55 μg/L) on zebrafish behavior (i.e., general activity, exploratory/motor behavior, climbing to the water surface, tremors, and erratic movements) and gill histology after 1 h of exposure was assessed. Compared with controls, cadmium exposure increased the number of climbs to 1 Mestre em Ciências Biologia Celular e Tecidual pelo Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento no Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Atual filiação: Bolsista de Doutorado do CNPq. 2 Mestre em Ciências Biologia Celular e Tecidual pelo Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento no Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Atual filiação: Bolsista do(a): Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, Brasil.Doutoranda no programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia da Universidade de São Paulo. 3 Mestre e Doutor em Ciências pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Patologia Experimental e Comparada). Pós-doutorado pela FMVZ-USP. Atual filiação: Universidade Paulista, Campus I Indianópolis, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental. 4 Doutorado em Ciências (Fisiologia Geral, IB-USP) pela Universidade de São Paulo. Pós-doutoramento no BAS (Cambrigde-UK) e no Kings College (Londres-UK). Professor Associado III (2012) pelo Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo. 5 Mestrado e doutorado em Ciências (Biologia Celular e Tecidual) pela Universidade de São Paulo (2000 e 2003) e pós doutoramento na mesma área e instituição. Professor Titular da Universidade Paulista. 6 Mestrado (2012) e Doutorado (2017) em Toxicologia e Análises Toxicológicas pela Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo-USP. Atual Filiação: Postdoctoral Fellow (PDF) with the Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. 7 Mestrado e Doutorado em Fisiologia pelo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo, Pósdoutorados pelo ICB-USP e FMVZ-USP. Atual afiliação: Curso de Pós-graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista. E-mail: maria.bernardi@docente.unip. br
First-principles quantum transport with electron-vibration interactions: A maximally localized Wannier functions approach

We present a first-principles approach for inelastic quantum transport calculations based on maximally localized Wannier functions. Electronic-structure properties are obtained from density-functional theory in a plane-wave basis, and electron-vibration coupling strengths and vibrational properties are determined with density-functional perturbation theory. Vibration-induced inelastic transport properties are calculated with nonequilibrium Green's function techniques; since these are based on a localized orbital representation we use maximally localized Wannier functions. Our formalism is applied first to investigate inelastic transport in a benzene molecular junction connected to monoatomic carbon chains. In this benchmark system the electron-vibration self-energy is calculated either in the self-consistent Born approximation or by lowest-order perturbation theory. It is observed that upward and downward conductance steps occur, which can be understood using multieigenchannel scattering theory and symmetry conditions. In a second example, where the monoatomic carbon chain electrode is replaced with a (3,3) carbon nanotube, we focus on the nonequilibrium vibration populations driven by the conducting electrons using a semiclassical rate equation and highlight and discuss in detail the appearance of vibrational cooling as a function of bias and the importance of matching the vibrational density of states of the conductor and the leads to minimize joule heating and breakdown.
Toeholds and Takeovers

Toeholds have an enormous impact in “common‐value” takeover battles, such as those between two financial bidders. This contrasts with the small impact of a toehold, in a “private‐value” auction, Our results are consistent with empirical findings that a toehold helps a buyer win an auction, sometimes very cheaply. A controlling minority shareholder may therefore be effectively immune to outside offers. A target may benefit by requiring “best and final” scaled‐bid offers or by selling a cheap toehold or options to a “white knight,” Our analysis extends to regulators selling “stranded assets,” creditors bidding in bankruptcy auctions, and so forth.
Heavy Metal Compositions and Bioreactivity of Airborne PM10 in a Valley-Shaped City in Northwestern China

Lanzhou, a valley-shaped city in northwestern China, experiences heavy air pollution. This study investigated the relationship between the oxidative capacity and heavy metal composition of the PM10 in Lanzhou. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to examine the heavy metal element composition and an in vitro plasmid assay was employed to study the bioreactivity of airborne PM10. The monitoring data revealed that the mass concentration of Lanzhou PM10 exhibited seasonal variations at both the urban and suburban sites, with higher values in winter and spring, lower values in autumn, and the lowest ones in summer. The results of ICP-MS analysis showed that Zn was the metal present in the highest concentrations in both the whole and water-soluble fractions of PM10 collected at both the urban and suburban sites, followed by Fe, Pb, and Mn. Furthermore, the results indicated that Zn, Cd, and As were present mostly in their soluble forms, while the Fe, Pb, and V were primarily in their insoluble ones. The plasmid DNA assay results indicated that the TD20 values (toxic dosages of PM10 causing 20% of plasmid DNA damage) of the Lanzhou PM10 collected at both the urban and suburban sites ranged from 10 μg/mL to over 1000 μg/mL, and exhibited seasonal variations. The TD20 values were high in spring and autumn, and thus the toxicities were low, while the TD20 values were low in winter and summer, and thus the toxicities were high. For PM10 collected at both the urban and suburban sites, the high concentrations of water-soluble Zn, Fe, Pb, and Mn displayed a strong negative correlation with the TD20 values, suggesting that these metals were likely the major elements responsible for plasmid DNA damage. In addition, meteorological conditions (i.e., lower wind speed and higher relative humidity) during the sampling periods may have caused an indirect increase in oxidative damage to DNA.
Formation of supersaturated solid solutions in the immiscible Ni–Ag system by mechanical alloying

The mechanical alloying process in the immiscible Ni–Ag system with a positive heat of mixing was investigated by x‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. High energy ball milling of mixed elemental powders, with nominal composition NixAg100−x (x=95, 90, 70, 50, and 30), results in the formation of mixtures of supersaturated, nanocrystalline Ni‐rich and Ag‐rich solid solutions. The solubilities and final grain sizes of these phases depend on the nominal composition of the powder. The maximum solubilities were determined using Vegard’s law to be 4.3 at. % Ni in Ag and 6.6 at. % Ag in Ni for samples milled at room temperature. The effect of milling temperature on mechanical alloying was examined in the range −195 to 250 °C. Lower temperature milling leads to a larger solubility of Ni in the Ag‐rich samples, up to 7.1 at. % for the Ni30Ag70 composition. Indications for the existence of a concentrated solid solution (Ni36Ag64‐Ni44Ag56) were also found. Milling at higher temperatures leads to l.
The Breast or Bottle? Women's infant feedings choices in a subsequent birth after a previous Caesarean Section

Design: A qualitative methodological framework, utilizing descriptive phenomenology. Setting: A maternity hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Participants: Twenty women who had given birth at Redland Hospital after experiencing a previous CS were invited to participate. Data Collection Techniques: Tape recorded interviews were conducted six weeks postpartum. Results: The findings identify that mothers fell into three different attitudinal groups regarding their decision‑making with respect to feeding their newborn. The first perspective was based on a strong commitment to breastfeeding, which was often maintained in the face of quite significant difficulties. The second perspective was a complete refusal to breastfeed and a clear decision to bottle feed made prior to the birth and adhered to irrespective of alternative advice or persuasion. The third perspective was an initial desire to breastfeed that was easily thwarted by difficulties. The findings emphasise the importance of facilitating for CS births an environment that promotes bonding and breastfeeding by ensuring, where possible, that there is no separation of mother and baby after the birth, maximum opportunity for skin‑to‑skin contact, time for the mother to breastfeed the baby in the period immediately after the birth and no supplementation of breastfeeding with formula. Conclusions: The success of the midwife or maternity nurse in relation to supporting breastfeeding was, in part, impacted on by the mother’s pre‑determined approach to feeding the newborn. Breastfeeding support for attitudinal groups one and three were most likely to be successful, while the second group was refractory to nursing breastfeeding assistance.
Changes in water deficit saturation and photosynthetic pigments of Alfalfa populations under salinity and assessment of proline role in salt tolerance

The effect of salinity on plant growth and some physiological parameters in Medicago sativa L. was studied. Four alfalfa populations (Rich107, Rich109, Demnate 203 and Demnate 208) originated from Southeast (Oasis) and High Atlas of Morocco and Moapa variety, originated from USA, were used. The plants had been grown under greenhouse conditions in pots, filled with sand and peat at 2:1 ratio respectively, under three salt treatments (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). At flowering stage, the plants were harvested and some agro-physiological parameters related to salt tolerance as plant biomass, water deficit saturation, total chlorophyll and proline contents were analyzed. Results showed that increase in NaCl concentration reduced gradually plant biomass which displayed significant differences between the tested alfalfa populations. Populations from oasis (Rich107 and Rich109) appeared to be the most tolerant populations to salinity. The Moapa variety was least tolerant to salinity while population from mountain (Demnate 203 and Demnate 208) displayed moderate salinity tolerance. The salt tolerance of the tested material was associated to the ability of plants to maintain high concentrations of proline in their tissues and adequate levels in terms of chlorophyll and tissue water contents.
GRID-CONNECTED PV SYSTEM WITH MPPT CONTROL AND P&O TECHNIQUE

As the use of energy is increasing, the requirements for the quality of the supplied electrical energy are more tighten. Energy is the most basic and essential of all resources. As conventional sources of energy are rapidly depleting and the cost of energy is rising, photovoltaic energy becomes a promising alternative source. Photovoltaic (PV) generation is becoming increasingly important as a renewable source since it exhibits a great many merit such as cleanness, little maintenance and no noise. The output power of PV arrays is always changing with weather conditions, i.e., solar irradiation and atmospheric temperature. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control to extract maximum power from the PV arrays at real time becomes indispensable in PV generation system. In recent years, a large number of techniques have been proposed for tracking the maximum power point (MPP). MPPT is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the photovoltaic array output power, irrespective of the temperature and radiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics the PV array output power is used to directly control the dc/dc converter, thus reducing the complexity of the system. The resulting system has high-efficiency. This paper presents in details of most popular MPPT algorithms techniques which are Perturb & Observe algorithm (P&O). Perturb & Observe algorithm (IPO). Modeling and designing a PV system with Perturb & Observe algorithm (PO) is remarkably more complex than implementing a standard MPPT technique.
Evaluating the Real Estate Transaction Process Identifying common practice across the industry and potential for improvements

The process of a transaction in real estate is characterized by complex networks of involvement from multiple stakeholders. Furthermore, the originality of each transaction necessitates the need for flexibility and adaptation to the process whilst maintaining a level of standardization in the strive to achieve efficiency. The level of complexity and ever-changing contextual factors have created the need for a process which facilitates this type of environment. This thesis seeks to evaluate current common practice and identify possible improvement potential for the transaction process. This thesis focuses on three main point of views, (1) the internal perspective, (2) the external perspective and (3) the comparison of the process between different companies. The projected result was to identify areas where the process could be improved. The investigation of the subject starts with a theoretical collection of knowledge in the subjects of: real estate transaction processes, project management and procurement process theory. Specific sub theories are further investigated based on their application to the phenomenon, examples are soft skills in project management and stakeholder management to name a few. The empirical collection in this thesis include interviews with internal personnel at Willhem, other real estate companies and advisors involved in the process. Results from the study show that the generic characteristics of the process are very similar both between companies, but also in comparison to theory. The interesting findings are instead in the soft areas and regard the application of the process more than the process itself. Lastly, recommendations derive from the analysis of gathered data pertaining the transaction process. One of the main conclusions involve a change in the handling of the process by treating it more as a project process, another to map and understand the stakeholders involved in the process to assure proper handling and involvement.
The effect of attention on different features of the same stimuli on the P3 component in a Simon task

The current study investigated whether attending to different features of the same stimuli had an influence on the latency and amplitude of the P3 component. An event related potential (ERP) component derived from the electroencephalogram. 18 participants took part in the study and performed a Simon task, in which they responded to either the colour or the shape of the stimulus. The current study clearly proves that the P3b waveform is mediated by the feature of the stimulus that the participants attend to. This finding seems to implicate that Polich’s (2007) proposal about the P3b representing some kind of memory mechanism is no longer a valid one.
Application of Extinction and Conservation Theories for Forest Birds in Nicaragua

Abstract: An increasing number of empirical studies have been done on the effects of tropical forest fragmentation on avian communities, but few researchers have applied these theories to assess the vulnerability of birds in poorly researched countries such as Nicaragua. I used a logistic regression to determine which natural‐history characteristics were most important in predicting a list of threatened birds known to occur in Nicaragua. The best model included five macroecological variables ( body weight, habitat specificity, trophic group, forest preference, and biogeography within Nicaragua). I used this model to generate predicted probabilities of extinction for all forest birds in Nicaragua. The predicted probability of extinction from the best model ranked 63% of the extinction‐prone birds from La Selva, Costa Rica, and 59% of the extinction‐prone birds from Barro Colorado, Panama, in the first quartile of all forest birds recorded in Nicaragua. This method provides a first‐order approximation of which species deserve global and national priorities for conservation. The central and Atlantic regions of Nicaragua deserve high priority for conservation at a global scale, whereas the Atlantic region deserves the highest priority for conservation at a national scale. The Nicaraguan Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment has done an adequate job of identifying areas for conservation based on the proportion of decreed nature reserves in each biogeographic region and the distribution of forest birds with a high predicted probability of extinction. Forest birds in central Nicaragua, however, may currently be the most vulnerable to local extinction because of low forest cover within decreed reserves.
Stochastic coalitional games with constant matrix of transition probabilities

The stochastic game Γ under consideration is repetition of the same stage game G which is played on each stage with different coalitional partitions. The transition probabilities over the coalitional structures of stage game depends on the initial stage game G in game Γ. The payoffs in stage games (which is a simultaneous game with a given coalitional structure) are computed as components of the generalized PMS-vector [2], [3]. The total payoff of each player in game Γ is equal to the mathematical expectation of payoffs in different stage games G (mathematical expectation of the components of PMS-vector). The concept of solution for such class of stochastic game is proposed and the existence of this solution is proved. Mathematics Subject Classification: 90Axx
On local and global analytic and Gevrey hypoellipticity

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Efficacy of microencapsulated nucleopolyhedroviruses from Colombia as biological insecticides against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Wettable powder formulations by microencapsulation of viral occlusion bodies (OBs) of both Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus from Colombia (SfCOL) and a genotypic variant (SfCOL-A) were evaluated for controlling the fall armyworm S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize crops. Microencapsulation preserved OBs activity after three months of storage at 35oC, where insecticidal activity loss was not greater than 12%. Additionally, the formulation protected the OBs against inactivation caused by UV-B radiation, retaining its insecticidal activity after 6 hours of UV laboratory exposure, in contrast to unformulated viral suspensions, which presented an Original Activity Remaining (OAR) between 12.1 and 50%. Under greenhouse conditions, the insect mortality was greater than 80% with microencapsulated viruses. In field trials, treatments reduced the percentage of damaged plants to levels below the economic injury level (35%) when the formulated and unformulated virus were applied at 8x1011 OBs/ha (800g/ha) dose, while the damage in the control treatment was close to 60%. Microencapsulation of SfCOL and SfCOL-A OBs provides useful advantages related to half-life and photostability of both viruses, which showed the same efficacy under field conditions.
Impacts of Sustainability: A Multilevel Synthesis and Research Agenda

The deterioration of environmental and societal conditions worldwide has initiated extensive discussions on what has been coined as sustainability and to what extent the relevant actions constitute an imperative or alternatively disorientate businesses from their main goal, namely shareholder value maximization. Despite the attention given on this topic, there exists a lack of empirical studies concerning how sustainability affects the economy and society. Therefore, it seems timely to set a research agenda that would focus on the examination of its impact on three levels, namely micro-level (i.e. individual social groups), meso-level (i.e. business) and macro-level (i.e. law, politics, non-governmental and public organizations). Equally important is also the understanding of how antecedents and moderators shape the impacts of sustainability initiatives at these levels. Based on an interdisciplinary conceptual framework, the article provides a synthesis of the extant literature and suggests avenues for future research on this issue.