Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cervical Adenocarcinoma in Situ: A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Options and Predictors of Persistent or Recurrent Disease

The incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ is increasing in frequency, and our limited knowledge about this lesion presents the physician with a therapeutic dilemma. Treatment for this lesion has included conservative therapy, large loop excision or cold-knife cone biopsy, or definitive therapy consisting of hysterectomy. But, rates of residual adenocarcinoma in situ after cone biopsy with negative margins vary from 0% to 40%, and residual disease rates as high as 80% have been noted when the margins are positive. Despite these recent data on follow-up after conservative therapy such as cone biopsy, it seems that this method is safe and gaining acceptance by many physicians and patients. However, the short follow-up duration and small number of patients limit the conclusions of many studies. The relative infrequency of this diagnosis has precluded extensive clinical experience with the natural history of this lesion. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives After completion of this article, the reader will be able to summarize the current data on the treatment of adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix, to outline potential treatment options for the patient with adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix, and to list the factors associated with disease recurrence.
Role of SeqA and Dam in Escherichia coli gene expression: A global/microarray analysis

High-density oligonucleotide arrays were used to monitor global transcription patterns in Escherichia coli with various levels of Dam and SeqA proteins. Cells lacking Dam methyltransferase showed a modest increase in transcription of the genes belonging to the SOS regulon. Bacteria devoid of the SeqA protein, which preferentially binds hemimethylated DNA, were found to have a transcriptional profile almost identical to WT bacteria overexpressing Dam methyltransferase. The latter two strains differed from WT in two ways. First, the origin proximal genes were transcribed with increased frequency due to increased gene dosage. Second, chromosomal domains of high transcriptional activity alternate with regions of low activity, and our results indicate that the activity in each domain is modulated in the same way by SeqA deficiency or Dam overproduction. We suggest that the methylation status of the cell is an important factor in forming and/or maintaining chromosome structure.
Racial discrimination and blood pressure: the CARDIA Study of young black and white adults.

OBJECTIVES This study examined associations between blood pressure and self reported experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment. METHODS Survey data were collected in year 7 (1992/93) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a prospective multisite community-based investigation. Participants included 831 Black men, 1143 Black women, 1006 White men, and 1106 White women 25 to 37 years old. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure among working-class Black adults reporting that they typically accepted unfair treatment and had experienced racial discrimination in none of seven situations was about 7 mm Hg higher than among those reporting that they challenged unfair treatment and experienced racial discrimination in one or two of the situations. Among professional Black adults, systolic blood pressure was 9 to 10 mm Hg lower among those reporting that they typically challenged unfair treatment and had not experienced racial discrimination. Black-White differences in blood pressure were substantially reduced by taking into account reported experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment. CONCLUSIONS Research on racial/ ethnic distributions of blood pressure should take into account how discrimination may harm health.
Low-power 5 GHz LNA and VCO in 90 nm RF CMOS

The potential of 90 nm CMOS technology for low-power RF front-ends is demonstrated with fully integrated low-voltage Low-Noise Amplifiers (LNA) and Voltage-Controlled Oscillators (VCO). The 5.5 GHz LNA draws 3.5 mA from a 0.6 V supply with a measured power gain of 11.2 dB, and a 3.2 dB noise figure. The 6.3 GHz VCO has a phase noise of -118 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, drawing 4.9 mA from a 1.2 V supply.
Speaker Identification of Whispered Speech with Perceptible Mood

Special attention has been paid to SI (speaker identification) of whispered speech with perceptible mood. The database is developed for SI of whispers with different purposes. To prove the efficiency of delivering the speaker’s feelings, the perceptual test is carried out on the whispered speech, and the A-V (Arousal-Valance) space is introduced to judge the speaker’s status. The LFA (Latent Factor Analysis) algorithm, following the classification of the speaker’s mood, is introduced in detail and proved to be efficient. The proposed SI scheme with modified spectrum parameters provides much more satisfactory accuracy than the baseline system.
Link stability and mobility in ad hoc wireless networks

The fact that ad hoc networks are required to support mobility of individual network nodes results in problems arising when routing data. These problems include route loss, poor longevity of established routes and asymmetric communications links. Mobility of nodes also increases the control traffic overhead and affects the performance of the protocol. Mobility can, however, be exploited to improve route longevity when establishing the route. In some situations, the source of information is not available (e.g. GPS information in the underground), hence protocols relying on this information will fail to operate correctly. In such situations, alternative ‘self-content’ information should be available to perform the needed task of routing. Three novel schemes that make use of such information, the heading direction angle, to provide a mechanism for establishing and maintaining robust and long-lived routes are presented. The results show that these schemes reduce the overhead and increase the route longevity when compared with the AODV protocol. The schemes described can operate as a standalone mechanism or can be adopted by other routing protocols in order to improve their performance.
The Na+/H+ Exchanger SM-20220 Attenuates Ischemic Injury in in vitro and in vivo Models

The aim of this study is to clarify whether the activation of a Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) is tightly concerned with neuronal and glial cell injury induced by ischemia using a selective NHE inhibitor, SM-20220 (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide methanesulfonate). Two hours of hypoxia followed by 24 h of reoxygenation induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, a marker of cell membrane damage, in cultured neurons and glia derived from rats. SM-20220 significantly reduced LDH release in both cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and this effect was statistically significant at concentrations of more than 10–8 mol/l for neurons and 10–7 mol/l for glia. A standard NHE inhibitor, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride, also reduced LDH release in neurons at concentrations of more than 10–7 mol/l. In a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model, intravenous infusion of SM-20220 reduced cerebral infarction when the serum concentration of SM- 20220 was maintained at about 10–7 mol/l. These results suggest that the activation of the NHE plays an important role in ischemic neuronal and glial cell injury, and NHE inhibitor may have good therapeutic value for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
How competitiveness is achieved with lean synchronisation implementation

Lean is seen as an instrument to increase competitiveness through continuous improvement. According to numerous research papers less than 0, 5% of an organisation's process operations are value adding. Lean principles need to be understood in the context of performance and service delivery and organizations need to adopt a lean mindset and deploy lean approaches for retention, loyalty and customer satisfaction. Key decision makers resolve and dedication is critical for launching an initiative that seeks to modify work place behaviors. Organization therefore requires rational improvement measurement guidelines ensuring a structured approach in helping systems delivery to drive business innovation through measured and continuous improvement of their processes. In short it is fruitless if performance is only measured without improvement made. What should happen is that organizations should (1) empower people to measure, manage, and improve their delivery capabilities (2) adopt measured approach to transformation, (3) focusing on core practices that matter most, (5) describe capability improvements in terms of business value, and (6) accelerate improvement through capable resources. The paper identifies what then must be done to ensure that business improve value adding when implementing Lean. It addresses essential elements required to implement Lean focusing specifically on capability performance measurement techniques to ensure effective Lean Synchronisation.
Minimal requirements for robust cell size control in eukaryotic cells

Most cell types living in a stable environment tend to keep a constant characteristic size over successive generations. Size homeostasis requires that cells exert a tight control over the size at which they divide. Cell size control is not only robust against various noises, but also highly flexible since cell sizes can vary tremendously, notably as a function of nutrient levels. We formulated a minimal mathematical model of the eukaryotic cell cycle in which the cell size control operates through a cell growth-dependent bifurcation in the cell cycle dynamics. Such a bifurcation mechanism can readily explain the occurrence of a minimum critical size at division under limiting growth conditions. However, it also predicts that cells should become progressively larger and larger under prolific growth conditions. We argue that the cell size control can be reinforced at fast growth rates by adding a new cell cycle inhibitory activity whose strength would increase with the cell growth rate. We further show that various sources of noise may also generate a large variability in cell size at division and interdivision time that exhibit characteristic exponential tail distributions, without compromising the robustness of the cell size control.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Hormone Replacement

The physician and patient who confront decisions about hormone replacement therapy in the menopause face a bewildering array of benefits, risks, and costs. A major benefit is the reduced incidence of osteoporosis and associated fractures. For patients experiencing vasomotor flushes or genital atrophy, the prospect of symptom relief may also be an important consideration. Possible risks of estrogen replacement include increased incidence of cancers of the breast and uterus, as well as benign endometrial hyperplasia and uterine bleeding. If combined estrogen-progestin therapy is considered, the excess risk of uterine cancer and hyperplasia may be reduced or eliminated, but the patient’s quality of life may be adversely affected by the inconvenience and discomfort of continued monthly menstrual bleeding. Possible effects of estrogen or estrogen-progestin therapy on risks of coronary heart disease add a potentially large but uncertain factor to the risk-benefit balance. For the health-care delivery system in which the patient receives care, these benefits and risks must be weighed against the costs of treatment, the costs of monitoring and treating its side effects and complications, and the savings associated with fractures prevented. The cost of treatment would be substantial if applied to the entire population of postmenopausal women. In the year 1990, the number of women between the ages of 50 and 64, who would be potential candidates for hormone replacement, will be more than 17 million. ’ In the year 2005, this population will increase to 25.3 million. ’ At an annual cost of 200 dollars per patient for drugs and physician monitoring, the national bill would be from 3.5 to 5 billion dollars annually, plus inflation. This amount is comparable to the annual expenditure on coronary artery revascularization or antihypertensive therapy. Is this a prudent investment of scarce health-care resources? provides a framework for weighing benefits, risks, and costs of alternative clinical strategies. The costeffectiveness ratio of a health-care intervention measures its ability to produce improved health outcomes, such as years of life extension or improved quality of life, at a reasonable price. An important by-product of a cost-effectiveness analysis is the measure of an intervention’s net health impact, which serves as a risk-
Influence of Environmental Factors on Bacterial Biofilm Formation in the Food Industry: A Review

Formation and development of bacterial biofilms in the food industry could be a cause of food contamination, compromising food safety and shelf-life. Among the factors modulating biofilm formation, this review will focus in conditions normally encountered by bacteria in food environments, especially in biofilm initiation and development. The effect of environmental factors (substratum, temperature, oxygen concentration, hydrodynamic effects, food matrix composition, and microbial interactions) on biofilm formation is multifaceted and, in many circumstances, their influence could be compensatory. A better knowledge of these factors would allow for a better control of biofilm formation, either by avoiding and/or eradicating biofilms or by defining adequate Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point systems in the food industry.
Identification of the Key Odorants in Tahitian Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis) by GC-MS and an Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis

The key odorants of Tahitian vanilla beans (Vanilla tahitensis) were characterized by a sensory evaluation, aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), quantification, and aroma reconstitution. Vanillin and anisaldehyde were identified in the same highest flavor dilution (FD) factor as the most characteristic odor-active compounds in Tahitian vanilla beans, followed by anisyl alcohol and anisyl acetate. Vanillin and anisyl alcohol were by far the most abundant odorants present with the highest concentration in the beans, followed by acetic acid, anisaldehyde, and anisyl acetate. A sensory evaluation of Tahitian vanilla beans and its reconstitute aroma concentrate characterized both samples as similar. These results indicated vanillin, anisaldehyde, anisyl alcohol, and anisyl acetate to be the key odorants in Tahitian vanilla beans. 3-Methylnonane-2,4-dione were identified for the first time in vanilla beans. β-Damascenone and phenylacetic acid were identified for the first time in Tahitian vanilla beans.
The HI0073/HI0074 protein pair from Haemophilus influenzae is a member of a new nucleotidyltransferase family: Structure, sequence analyses, and solution studies

The crystal structure of HI0074 from Haemophilus influenzae, a protein of unknown function, has been determined at a resolution of 2.4 Å. The molecules form an up–down, four‐helix bundle, and associate into homodimers. The fold is most closely related to the substrate‐binding domain of KNTase, yet the amino acid sequences of the two proteins exhibit no significant homology. Sequence analyses of completely and incompletely sequenced genomes reveal that the two adjacent genes, HI0074 and HI0073, and their close relatives comprise a new family of nucleotidyltransferases, with 15 members at the time of writing. The analyses also indicate that this is one of eight families of a large nucleotidyltransferase superfamily, whose members were identified based on the proximity of the nucleotide‐ and substrate‐binding domains on the respective genomes. Both HI0073 and HI0074 were annotated “hypothetical” in the original genome sequencing publication. HI0073 was cloned, expressed, and purified, and was shown to form a complex with HI0074 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, analytic size exclusion chromatography, and dynamic light scattering. Double‐ and single‐stranded DNA binding assays showed no evidence of DNA binding to HI0074 or to HI0073/HI0074 complex despite the suggestive shape of the putative binding cleft formed by the HI0074 dimer. Proteins 2003;50:249–260. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phantom finger perception evoked with transcutaneous electrical stimulation for sensory feedback of prosthetic hand

This paper reports a pilot study to explore the plausibility of using the phenomenon of phantom finger perception (PFP) in amputees to develop sensory feedback for prosthetic hand. PFP can be aroused by touching a specific part of the skin in the stump area of amputees. We hypothesized that transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) can evoke the similar PFP in amputees with electrodes placed at the same skin area. We tested this hypothesis in subjects with distal amputation at the forearm above the wrist. The areas of PFP on the stump skin of amputee subjects were first identified and labeled by manually touching the skin. Electrical stimulation was then applied to the same area with surface electrode. The subjects reported that the corresponding finger was touched with electrical stimulation, and gradation of sensation with increased strength of stimulation current was perceived in a similar way as reported in normal subjects. Peripheral nerve sprouting into the receptors in stump skin after amputation is speculated as the neural mechanism of PFP. Preliminary results support the hypothesis that PFP evoked by TES can be utilized to establish a direct sensory feedback from the fingers of prosthetic hand to the amputee.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Plastid Inverted Repeat for 244 Species: Insights into Deeper-Level Angiosperm Relationships from a Long, Slowly Evolving Sequence Region

Recent plastid phylogenomic studies have helped clarify the backbone phylogeny of angiosperms. However, the relatively limited taxon sampling in these studies has precluded strongly supported resolution of some regions of angiosperm phylogeny. Other recent work has suggested that the 25,000-bp plastid inverted repeat (IR) region may be a valuable source of characters for resolving these remaining problematic nodes. Consequently, we aligned all available angiosperm IR sequences to produce a matrix of 24,702 aligned bases for 246 accessions, including 36 new accessions. Maximum likelihood analyses of the complete data set yielded a generally well-supported topology that is highly congruent with those of recent plastid phylogenomic analyses. However, reducing taxon sampling to match a recent 83-gene plastid analysis resulted in significant changes in bootstrap support at some nodes. Notably, IR analyses resolved Pentapetalae into three well-supported clades: (1) superasterids (comprising Santalales, Caryophyllales, Berberidopsidales, and Asteridae), (2) superrosids (comprising Vitaceae, Saxifragales, and Rosidae), and (3) Dilleniaceae. These results provide important new evidence for a stable, well-supported phylogenetic framework for angiosperms and demonstrate the utility of IR data for resolving the deeper levels of angiosperm phylogeny. They also reiterate the importance of carefully considering taxon sampling in phylogenomic studies.
Improvement of the time domain specifications of dc bus voltage of shunt active filter using controllers

In power system, the nonlinear load affects the power quality such as harmonics of the supply system. In this paper, the diode rectifier is used as load which distorts the supply current. This supply current harmonics are reduced by the Shunt active filter (SAF) which injects the harmonic current to the load. So supply is free from harmonics. The synchronous reference frame theory is used to extract the fundamental component of the supply current which is the reference current for the hysteresis controller. The hysteresis controller tunes the SAF so that it generates the current equal in magnitude and opposite in phase with the nonlinear load. So the total harmonic distortion (THD) of supply current is greatly reduced. In this paper the SAF dc bus voltage is maintained constant using PI / PID controller and time domain specification of the bus voltage is analyzed using Matlab simulink and the results are presented.
Statistical characterization of the interference on the return link of a broadband satellite system

This work describes an interference study of the return link (user terminals to gateways) of a high throughput satellite (HTS) for broadband services. The aim is to identify a statistical behavior of the inter-spot interferences due to frequency re-use so as to estimate the carrier over interference ratio (C/I) on the uplink segment of the return link for a multi frequency time division multiple access (MF-TDMA) technique. The characterization of the interference will be done based on a mathematical model and validated through empirical observations for different transmission scenarios and satellite systems. In this work, we use the C/I performance at satellite antenna level as a benchmark parameter, in order to find the most faithful statistical law for the generated interferences. The satellite architecture itself uses a multi-beam coverage implementing frequency re-use and spatial separation.
Precise Monitoring of Chemical Changes through Localization Analysis of Dynamic Spectra (LADS)

We present a method for monitoring subtle (sub-wavenumber) dynamics within time-varying spectra. Peak fitting is performed for large numbers of spectra in a series, allowing for monitoring time evolutions of peak positions with high precision and confidence. Sub-wavenumber peak shifts due to physical or chemical changes in the sample can be monitored and their temporal evolution characterized. In surface-enhanced Raman scattering experiments, we were able to distinguish between slow photo-damage and fast conformational change dynamics. Fluctuations in peak positions of Raman spectra recorded from a single yeast cell indicated that no significant irreversible photo-damage occurred, but these fluctuations suggest changes in the trapping conditions or biochemical changes associated with the cellular machinery in the cell. The technique is particularly suitable for applications where dynamics of spectra are of interest.
Towards oncological application of Raman spectroscopy

As the possibilities in the treatment of cancer continue to evolve, its early detection and correct diagnosis are becoming increasingly important. From the early detection of cancer to the guidance of oncosurgical procedures new sensitive in vivo diagnostic tools are much needed. Many studies report the Raman spectroscopic detection of malignant and premalignant tissues in different sites of the body with high sensitivities. The great appeal of this technique lies in its potential for in vivo clinical implementation. We present an overview of the in vitro and in vivo work on the oncological application of Raman spectroscopy and discuss its potential as a new tool in the clinico‐oncological practice. Opportunities for integration of Raman spectroscopy in oncological cure and care as a real‐time guidance tool during diagnostic (i.e. biopsy) and therapeutic (surgical resection) modalities as well as technical shortcomings are discussed from a clinician's point of view. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Erythrocyte catechol‐O‐methyltransferase activity in a Swedish population

Erythrocyte catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) activity has been analyzed in 185 individuals. The activities showed a trimodal frequency distribution. This suggests an autosomal codominant inheritance of the human erythrocyte COMT activity. The mean male COMT activity was 18.9 ± 7.0 (S.D.) nmol/ml RBC/h. The mean female activity was 16.1 ± 6.3 nmol/ml RBC/h and the frequency distribution pattern for women was shifted towards lower values.