Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro neurogenesis by neuronal precursor cells derived from the adult songbird brain

The vocal control nucleus of the adult songbird forebrain, HVc, exhibits de novo neurogenesis in adulthood, with the production of new neurons from precursor cells located in the overlying ventricular zone (Goldman and Nottebohm, 1983). We previously established that explants derived from neurogenic regions of the adult canary forebrain could be maintained in vitro, under conditions that permitted the migration and differentiation of those new neurons previously generated in vivo (Goldman, 1990). However, we found no evidence for continued neuronal mitogenesis in these cultures, which were raised in high concentrations of serum. In the present study, we investigated the permissive conditions for in vitro neurogenesis by these adult forebrain-derived ventricular zone explants. When HVc explants derived from adult zebra finches were maintained in low-serum medium, in vitro neurogenesis could be demonstrated by 3H-thymidine uptake as long as 5 days after explantation. Immunocytochemistry for microtubule-associated protein-2 followed by autoradiography confirmed the neuronal identity of these 3H- thymidine-incorporating cells. In vitro neuronal production occurred in an inverse relation to the serum concentration: Over the range of 2.5– 25% fetal bovine serum, neuronal 3H-thymidine labeling was most frequent in those cultures exposed to the lowest serum levels. This facilitation of in vitro neuronal mitogenesis by serum depletion suggests that fetal serum may contain factors that inhibit the division of adult-derived neuronal precursor cells, either directly or by agents released by serum-stimulated glial or ependymal cells.
Photoprotective properties of skin melanin

Summary Melanins are a ubiquitous class of biological pigments, which play an important role in the photoprotection of skin. Recent advances in the chemistry of melanins have demonstrated their diversity. The various types of melanin show different physico‐chemical properties, suggesting that their photobiological properties are not unique. In this review, the implications of melanin diversity for the natural photoprotection of skin are discussed.
LIDERANÇA NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: IMPACTO DA AUTENCIDADE DO LÍDER SOBRE A CIDADANIA ORGANIZACIONAL

1. Introducao O estudo que segue tem o intuito de investigar a capacidade que um lider autentico tem de influenciar o comportamento de individuos dentro de uma organizacao, grupo ou equipe. Com isso em mente, e possivel afirmar que um lider autentico e entendido como sendo uma pessoa que exibe como caracteristica central a sua autenticidade. Em outras palavras, esse individuo promove a cidadania organizacional e a responsabilidade social de todos que se relacionam com ele no ambiente profissional. Apos o estabelecimento de relacoes de verdadeira confianca e cooperacao com os membros da entidade, um lider pode ser considerado autentico. No Brasil, pesquisas empiricas relativas ao tema de lideranca dentro das organizacoes ainda sao raras. No entanto, estudos que foram realizados nos ultimos anos (e.g.: Cavazotte et al., 2013a; Cavazotte et al., 2013b), nos indicam que os lideres exibem a capacidade de influenciar as atitudes e os comportamentos de trabalhadores no ambiente de trabalho. Pois entao, pode-se dizer que a lideranca autentica, sendo um conceito recente, tem o potencial de evidenciar essas tendencias. Para identificar de maneira coerente o nivel de influencia que o lider exerce sobre o comportamento de seus subordinados, serao usadas como parâmetro de analise as quatro hipoteses que seguem:
Extended Decentralized Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian Control

A straightforward extension of a solution to the decentralized linear-Quadratic-Gaussian problem is proposed that allows its use for commonly encountered classes of problems that are currently solved with the extended Kalman filter. This extension allows the system to be partitioned in such a way as to exclude the nonlinearities from the essential algebraic relationships that allow the estimation and control to be optimally decentralized.
Guided tissue regeneration: comparison of bioabsorbable and non-bioabsorbable membranes. Histologic and histometric study in dogs.

This study examined histologic and histometric responses to 2 bioabsorbable membranes made from a synthetic copolymer of glycolide and lactide. They were tested for their biocompatibility, resorption characteristics, and ability to support periodontal regeneration. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was used as control. Nine fox hound dogs with no periodontal disease were used. They were sedated and their teeth thoroughly scaled and root planed. Plaque control was maintained. Two weeks later, each dog was anesthetized using gas anesthesia. Buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected in the mandibular premolar areas. Randomly selected, buccal alveolar bone was reduced on the 2nd and 4th premolars to a level 5 to 8 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction creating a Class II buccal furcation defect on one quadrant, while the other quadrant received a Class II buccal defect only on the 4th premolar. Root surfaces were denuded of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed at the bone level of each root. In one quadrant, one site received Type I membrane and the other site received Type II. The contralateral quadrant received ePTFE. Flaps were positioned slightly coronally and sutured. Sutures were removed 1 week later. One month after surgery, 3 dogs were sacrificed and ePTFE barriers were removed from the remaining 6 dogs. Of these, 3 were sacrificed 3 months after surgery and the other 3 at 6 months. Undemineralized experimental tissues were embedded in methylmethacrylate and 8 to 10 microns thick sections were cut in a bucco-lingual direction throughout the mesiodistal extension of the tooth. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance Measurement of the PeopleSoft Multi-Tier Remote Computing Application

Center for Information Technology Integration University of Michigan 519 West William Street Ann Arbor, MI 48103-4943 CITI Technical Report 98–3 Performance Measurement of the PeopleSoft Multi-Tier Remote Computing Application Yi-Chun Chu ycchu@citi.umich. edu Charles J. Antonelli cja@citi.umich. edu Toby J. Teorey teorey@eecs.umich. edu The Center for Information Technology Integration has undertaken a study of the potential impact of PeopleSoft software on U-M production computing environments, focusing on the measurement and modeling of the Peoplesoft 6 architecture in order to provide results useful in sizing various components of the M-Pathways campus deployment. This report describes several experiments designed to evaluate the performance of PeopleSoft 6 remote computing applications being implemented at the University of Michigan. The purpose of these experiments is to develop a proper measurement methodology for quantifying the resource requirements of PeopleSoft OLTP transactions in a three-tier architecture consisting of client WinStations, WinFrame servers, and Oracle database servers. The measurement results are applied to an analytic three-tiered performance model and can be used to generate sizing estimates for production system components.
Prader–Willi syndrome: Causes of death in an international series of 27 cases

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex condition with many medical and psychological features. In individuals with this syndrome, causes of death were studied. Data of 27 case reports were collected. Ages at death ranged from neonatal to 68 years. None of the individuals were treated with growth hormone (GH). Most cases were not completely documented and autopsy was performed in a minority of cases only. In five cases, death was considered not to be causally related to PWS. Hypotonia with hypoventilation was noted in the babies, and acute respiratory illness with unexpected sudden death was experienced in young children with PWS. Two young children died after a short period of fever and gastroenteritis. Obesity and its complications leading to death were pronounced in the adult group. One (possibly two) adult(s) died from gastric dilatation and shock. Based on these data, some cautious conclusions can be drawn. In babies with PWS hypoventilation is a risk factor; upper airway infection may be more serious than anticipated and any other clinical features pointing to an infection should be taken very seriously. Therefore, young infants with PWS hospitalized with an upper airway infection and/or hypoventilation or gastroenteritis symptoms, should be closely monitored. Early diagnosis and prevention of overweight is a major factor in preventing early causes of death in individuals with PWS. In the adult group, weight reduction is important but difficult to manage. Sleep apnea should be recognized and treated. Pain in the upper stomach and/or vomiting should be taken as a possible sign of acute intestinal dilatation; intravenous support may be life saving. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exhaled carbon monoxide in airway diseases: from research findings to clinical relevance

Breath tests have gained increasing interest in recent years mainly driven by the unmet clinical need to monitor airway diseases and to obtain information of unravelled aspects of respiratory disorders. Carbon monoxide is present in the exhaled breath and has been suggested to reflect ongoing oxidative stress, even if there are some confounding factors limiting its clinical usefulness. Increased concentration of exhaled carbon monoxide has been demonstrated in different acute and chronic airway diseases including allergic rhinitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, and post transplant bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Although exhaled carbon monoxide might not prove as a clinically useful biomarker of airway diseases, its measurement has helped to understand the place of heme oxygenase activity in allergic and non-allergic airway diseases. The scope of this review is the exciting field of exhaled carbon monoxide in airway diseases.
Panax ginseng in Randomised Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a common herb with many purported health benefits. However, there is no conclusive evidence supporting its use in the treatment of any particular disease. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate randomised controlled trials. Four English databases were searched with no publication date restriction. Included studies evaluated P. ginseng in patients with any type of disease or in healthy individuals. We assessed the quality of studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Of the 475 potentially relevant studies, 65 met the inclusion criteria. These studies examined P. ginseng's effects on psychomotor performance (17 studies), physical performance (ten), circulatory system (eight), glucose metabolism (six), the respiratory system (five), erectile dysfunction (four), immunomodulation (four), quality of life/mood (four), antioxidant function (two), cancer (two), menopausal symptoms (two) and dry mouth (one). The risk of bias was unclear in most studies. Authors evaluated adverse events in 40 studies, with 135 minor events and no serious adverse events reported. P. ginseng shows promising results for improving glucose metabolism and moderating the immune response. This may have implications for several diseases including type 2 diabetes and chronic respiratory conditions. Further studies are needed to explore P. ginseng's potential as an effective treatment for these and other health conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA FASE DO CICLO DE VIDA DE UM DESTINO TURÍSTICO PARA AS ESCOLHAS ESTRATÉGICAS: UMA PROPOSTA DE UMA FERRAMENTA EXPEDITA

Os destinos turisticos (paises) cada vez mais competem pelos mesmos merca - dos. Assim, as melhoras escolhas estrategicas sao centrais para a captacao desses mercados, dado que o repetido uso de estrategias de Benchmarking , relativamente aos lideres de mercado, nem sempre tem resultado. Por outro lado, o modelo do ciclo de vida dos destinos turisticos � TALC (Butler, 1980) apresenta-se como uma poderosa ferramenta descritiva, para identificar a fase do ciclo de vida de um destino, contudo, os decisores necessitam de uma ferramenta mais expedita para apurar a fase dos seus ciclos, de modo a poderem de forma mais rapida, intervir nos seus mercados, pois, as escolhas apropriadas das estrategicas dependem da fase do ciclo de vida em que se encontram os destinos. O presente trabalho propoe a utilizacao de uma ferramenta complementar ao modelo TALC � Tourism Area Life Cycle, o IDT � Indice de Desenvolvimento Turistico (Coelho & Butler 2012), depurada dos efeitos da importância economica do turismo (Produto Interno Bruto e Receitas Turisticas). Depois de uma apreciacao aos pressupostos dos respetivos modelos utilizados e recorrendo a dados de 48 paises de um total de 213 previamente tratados pelo Banco Mundial e UNWTO a presente proposta de ferramenta, foi testada para 5 hipoteticos paises concorrentes do mercado �Sol e Praia�, tendo-se verificado que e possivel e, por conseguinte, apropriado, o recurso ao IDT como ferramenta de calculo da fase do ciclo de vida de um destino, em termos expeditos de modo a poder ser considerado aquando das escolhas estrategicas, por parte dos decisores.
Evaluation of diffusion of triamcinolone acetonide from the distal interphalangeal joint into the navicular bursa in horses.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether triamcinolone acetonide diffuses from the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) to the navicular bursa, diffusion is direct or systemic, and addition of sodium hyaluronan has an effect on diffusion in horses. ANIMALS 11 adult horses without forelimb lameness. PROCEDURES 1 randomly chosen forelimb DIPJ of each horse received an injection of 10 mg of triamcinolone acetonide plus 20 mg of sodium hyaluronan (group 1), and the contralateral forelimb DIPJ received an injection of 10 mg of triamcinolone acetonide plus 2 mL of lactated Ringer's solution (group 2). Synovial fluid samples were taken from both forelimb navicular bursae and 1 hind limb navicular bursa (systemic control group) at 6 hours. Triamcinolone acetonide concentrations in synovial fluid were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography plus tandem mass spectrometry. Data were logarithmically transformed, and contrast analysis was performed on the 3 groups. RESULTS Triamcinolone acetonide was detected in navicular bursal samples in all groups. Groups 1 and 2 had significantly greater concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide than the systemic control group. There was no significant difference between groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Triamcinolone acetonide diffused directly from the DIPJ into the navicular bursa in clinically normal horses, and diffusion was not affected by addition of hyaluronan. Injection into the DIPJ with triamcinolone acetonide or a triamcinolone acetonide-hyaluronan combination can potentially be used for treatment of navicular syndrome, but further studies are needed to determine whether triamcinolone acetonide diffuses similarly in horses with navicular syndrome.
Full dynamics of a red blood cell in shear flow

At the cellular scale, blood fluidity and mass transport depend on the dynamics of red blood cells in blood flow, specifically on their deformation and orientation. These dynamics are governed by cellular rheological properties, such as internal viscosity and cytoskeleton elasticity. In diseases in which cell rheology is altered genetically or by parasitic invasion or by changes in the microenvironment, blood flow may be severely impaired. The nonlinear interplay between cell rheology and flow may generate complex dynamics, which remain largely unexplored experimentally. Under simple shear flow, only two motions, “tumbling” and “tank-treading,” have been described experimentally and relate to cell mechanics. Here, we elucidate the full dynamics of red blood cells in shear flow by coupling two videomicroscopy approaches providing multidirectional pictures of cells, and we analyze the mechanical origin of the observed dynamics. We show that contrary to common belief, when red blood cells flip into the flow, their orientation is determined by the shear rate. We discuss the “rolling” motion, similar to a rolling wheel. This motion, which permits the cells to avoid energetically costly deformations, is a true signature of the cytoskeleton elasticity. We highlight a hysteresis cycle and two transient dynamics driven by the shear rate: an intermittent regime during the “tank-treading-to-flipping” transition and a Frisbee-like “spinning” regime during the “rolling-to-tank-treading” transition. Finally, we reveal that the biconcave red cell shape is highly stable under moderate shear stresses, and we interpret this result in terms of stress-free shape and elastic buckling.
Classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group

Classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were developed and validated between 1989 and 1996 by the European Study Group on Classification Criteria for SS, and broadly accepted. These have been re-examined by consensus group members, who have introduced some modifications, more clearly defined the rules for classifying patients with primary or secondary SS, and provided more precise exclusion criteria.
Metabolic Rate Variation over Adult Lifetime in the Butterfly Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae): Aging, Feeding, and Repeatability

Questions about the adaptive importance of metabolic rate can be approached only when measurements of differences between individuals are repeatable. We made daily measurements of CO2 production, body mass, and food uptake over the adult life span of unmated Vanessa cardui kept under constant environmental conditions in both fed and unfed treatments. Mass and CO2 production generally declined with age in both treatments, though with much day‐to‐day variability in the fed treatment. For the full samples, metabolic rate was repeatable for the unfed treatment (repeatability r = 0.60) but not for the fed treatment (r = 0.03). Differences between fed and unfed individuals of the same age range were repeatable for the unfed treatment (r = 0.39) but not for the fed treatment (r = −0.20). Removing age effects on CO2 production yielded still higher repeatability in the unfed treatment (r = 0.83), though not in fed butterflies of the same age range (r = −0.02). However, repeatability of CO2 production of fed butterflies increased sharply with age, rising to 0.82 for butterflies age 8–10 d. Although food uptake mass was repeatable (r = 0.52), feeding history explained little variation in CO2 production. We conclude that for V. cardui and possibly for other insects of similar feeding habit, variation in metabolic rate between individuals is best represented by measurements of unfed individuals of the same age or of older fed individuals.
Treatment with the 3-Ketoacyl-CoA Thiolase Inhibitor Trimetazidine Does Not Exacerbate Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice

There is a growing need to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the progression of cardiovascular disease during obesity and diabetes. Although inhibition of fatty acid oxidation has been proposed as a novel approach to treat ischemic heart disease and heart failure, reduced muscle fatty acid oxidation rates may contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Our aim was to determine whether treatment with the antianginal agent trimetazidine, which inhibits fatty acid oxidation in the heart secondary to inhibition of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT), may have off-target effects on glycemic control in obesity. We fed C57BL/6NCrl mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks before a 22-day treatment with the 3-KAT inhibitor trimetazidine (15 mg/kg per day). Insulin resistance was assessed via glucose/insulin tolerance testing, and lipid metabolite content was assessed in gastrocnemius muscle. Trimetazidine-treatment led to a mild shift in substrate preference toward carbohydrates as an oxidative fuel source in obese mice, evidenced by an increase in the respiratory exchange ratio. This shift in metabolism was accompanied by an accumulation of long-chain acyl-CoA and a trend to an increase in triacylglycerol content in gastrocnemius muscle, but did not exacerbate HFD-induced insulin resistance compared with control-treated mice. It is noteworthy that trimetazidine treatment reduced palmitate oxidation rates in the isolated working mouse heart and neonatal cardiomyocytes but not C2C12 skeletal myotubes. Our findings demonstrate that trimetazidine therapy does not adversely affect HFD-induced insulin resistance, suggesting that treatment with trimetazidine would not worsen glycemic control in obese patients with angina.
Determining the thin-film thermal conductivity of low temperature PECVD silicon nitride

The design and optimization of micromachined thermal sensors often requires information on accurate material properties of the used thin-films. These data can differ considerably from those stated for bulk matter and are strongly process-dependent. In this contribution a micromachined canitlever structure is proposed, which allows to directly determine the thermal conductivity of dielectric thin-films from a single steady-state measurement without the need of a complex mathematical model. For low temperature PECVD nitride a thermal conductivity of 1.18 W/mK was obtained, which is below the literature values reported for standard thin-film silicon nitride.
SELECTION AND STABILITY IN THE COMPLEX POLYMORPHISM OF MORABA SCURRA

In a classic paper, Lewontin and White (1960) employed a simple form of Sewall Wright's adaptive topography to analyse the dynamics of two chromosome polymorphisms in the Australian grasshopper Moraba scurra. In one way their result was anomalous, for their populations were all found to occupy saddles (minimaxima) of the fitness surface; saddles represent populations in unstable equilibrium, and yet there were strong indications that both polymorphisms were persistent and widespread (White et al., 1963). This paper suggests two solutions to this problem, one mathematical, the other biological. The anomaly of having a set of calculations which predict that an equilibrium is unstable, when all the biological evidence indicates that it is stable, is not tolerable to the scientist. There are three possible solutions: