Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Some reassembly required

Cells invest a significant amount of their energy synthesizing proteins, and a large portion of the energy expenditure goes into making ribosomes, the RNA‐protein machines at the centre of translation. When ribosomes are damaged in a cell, i.e. during stressful conditions, cells must first recognize the damage and then mount a response. Remme et al. show that instead of having to rebuild ribosomes from scratch, bacteria can repair ribosomes by replacing damaged proteins in situ, thereby saving significant time and energy. Given the central role of translation, such repair mechanisms might be widespread in nature.
Polyacetylene in Diamond Films Evidenced by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Trans-polyacetylene is evidenced by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in diamond films prepared by hot filament assisted chemical vapor deposition from C${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. The analysis of the Raman spectra for different excitation energies shows that the deposited trans-polyacetylene is composed of chains exhibiting short conjugation lengths. Together with polyacetylene, diamond crystals of nanometric dimension are evidenced by both SERS and high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Serum sclerostin and adverse outcomes in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients.

BACKGROUND The chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mineral and bone disorder (MBD) syndrome is an important contributor to the CKD-associated cardiovascular disease and high mortality rates. Sclerostin, a protein synthesized in osteocytes, is a potent downregulator of bone metabolism and a novel candidate for the bone-vascular axis in CKD patients. We tested whether serum sclerostin values are predictive for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events (CVEs) in a CKD population. METHODS Serum sclerostin was obtained from 173 CKD (stage 3-5) and 47 control patients, and its concentration was correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate and to mineral and vascular abnormalities that are present in the CKD evolution. All-cause mortality and CVEs were also analyzed in relation to serum sclerostin values. RESULTS Patients with CKD showed higher sclerostin levels (median 63.5 pmol/L vs 52 pmol/L, P < .001) than controls, with values progressively higher across the CKD stages. In univariate analysis, serum sclerostin concentrations were correlated with gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate, flow-mediated dilatation, and endothelium-independent vasodilatation as markers of endothelial dysfunction and with different serum CKD-MBD-associated parameters. However, in multivariate analysis, only gender, fibroblast growth factor-23, phosphate, flow-mediated dilatation, and cholesterol remained significantly associated with sclerostin levels. During the observational period, there were 19 deaths and 50 CVEs. In survival analysis, different sclerostin levels were associated with all-cause mortality and CVEs in these patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that shows that serum sclerostin values are associated, even after multiple adjustments, with fatal and nonfatal CVEs in a nondialyzed CKD population.
A comparative histological and electrophysiological study of some neurotoxins in the rat hippocampus

It has been proposed that the neurotoxic action of kainic acid is a result of the seizure activity which it induces. In this study intraventricular injection of kainic acid, and three other putative neurotoxins, was used in an attempt to investigate the role of electrical seizure activity and neurotoxicity in the rat hippocampus, Two separate groups of experiments were performed. First, & histological study of the neurotoxic potency of the compounds under investigation was carried out, and second, an electrophysiological study of those compounds which displayed neurotoxicity. In these experiments, extracellular recordings were made in the hippocampus ipsilateral to infusion during and after administration of the neurotoxin.
Design and implementation of SDN/IP hybrid space information network prototype

Software Defined Networking (SDN) promises to ease design, operation and management of communication networks. For years, however, most networks have been designed, deployed and managed as IP-based systems. It is necessary to introduce SDN in IP backbones to construct SDN/IP hybrid space information network. In this paper, we design and implement a new architecture of the SDN/IP hybrid space information network. It helps to achieve a collaborative management between the IP network and the SDN network through the model. So, in space information network, we can use traditional IP-based system in ground internet and use centralized SDN in satellite network. By combining Quagga and SDN controller, the entire flexible centralized SDN network is abstracted as a traditional distributed control IP router. Thus, the SDN controller can get routing tables from Quagga and forward routing protocol packets over the network. At the same time, other IP subnet can be aware of the existing SDN subnet, and its location. We designed our SDN/IP hybrid network prototype combining the POX as the controller and the Mininet for topology construction, all with OpenFlow 1.0 support. And results show that we achieve the interconnection between SDN and IP subnets efficiently.
Intrathecal administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine for MR cisternography of nasoethmoidal CSF fistula.

OBJECTIVE Accurate diagnosis and localization of dural defects associated with CSF fistulas are difficult and often involve multiple imaging studies performed at the appropriate clinical moment. Our purpose was to assess the utility of intrathecal administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine for MR cisternography of patients with CSF fistula suspected clinically to arise from defects in the nasoethmoidal regions. CONCLUSION MR cisternography was useful for evaluating patients with rhinorrhea and suspected CSF fistula. It depicted the fistula site in most patients. No adverse effects were found in any patient.
Surgery for gynecologic malignancies

Surgery continues to play a primary role in the investigation and treatment of gynecologic neoplasia. Cold-knife conization is still preferable for diagnosis and treatment of more problematic preinvasive cervical lesions. Newer reconstructive techniques can improve quality of life in exenteration patients. Efforts continue to reduce morbidity associated with vulvar surgery and groin node dissection. Accurate staging and maximum cytoreduction remain essential goals in primary surgery for ovarian cancers. The utility of secondary surgery for disease assessment or further treatment is controversial. Laparoscopy at present has a limited role in gynecologic oncology but may be useful for prophylactic oophorectomy in selected individuals.
Future candidates for indications of Helicobacter pylori eradication: Do the indications need to be revised?

Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori in 1982, the development of several treatment guidelines has allowed a consensus on the indications for H. pylori eradication. Beyond these currently accepted indications, including various upper gastrointestinal disorders and extragastric diseases, a significant amount of new information regarding H. pylori eradication is emerging. Certain types of acute gastritis, such as nodular gastritis, hypertrophic gastritis, Ménétrier's disease, hemorrhagic gastritis, and granulomatous gastritis are reversible after H. pylori eradication. Further, for chronic gastritis, closed‐type atrophic gastritis and complete‐type intestinal metaplasia appear to be more reversible after H. pylori eradication than open‐type atrophic gastritis and incomplete‐type intestinal metaplasia. Eradication can also be considered in subjects younger than 40 years who have a family history of gastric cancer and in subjects with long‐term medications that might lead to bleeding (antiplatelet agents) or atrophy (proton pump inhibitors). Emerging evidence indicates that H. pylori eradication could be an effective treatment for some extragastric diseases that are unresponsive to conventional therapy. In such conditions, routine screening for eradication of H. pylori has not previously been recommended; a “test‐and‐treat” approach is suggested in the aforementioned situations. Given that H. pylori eradication is effective when the gastritis is reversible, future indications should be expanded to include acute gastric lesions that show marked improvement upon H. pylori eradication rather than just focusing on chronic gastric lesions. Future indications for H. pylori eradication should focus more on reversible lesions before preneoplastic conditions develop.
Análisis de sentimientos en Twitter: impacto de las características morfológicas

Analizar la carga emocional en textos es una tarea que reviste una gran importancia en la actualidad. Existe una multitud de aplicaciones que pueden resultar beneficiadas de procedimientos computacionales que permitan detectar, automaticamente, si la intencion del autor ha sido expresarse de manera “positiva”, “negativa”, “objetiva” o “neutral”. Consideremos, por ejemplo, el caso de una personalidad poĺitica que requiere saber si la comunidad tiene una apreciacion positiva o negativa sobre su persona. Otro ejemplo, podŕia ser la determinacion de la reputacion para una institucion publica o privada. En cualquiera de los dos ejemplos, existe la necesidad de analizar el punto de vista de las personas (usuarios) sobre nuestras entidades destino. Si bien, en el pasado era comun aplicar cuestionarios hacia los usuarios, en la actualidad esta practica es raramente usada debido principalmente a los siguientes inconvenientes:
Corticorubral projections in the rat

In a series of young adult albino rats the terminal projections of corticorubral fibers were studied by light and electron microscopic methods following unilateral sensorimotor cortex suction ablation. Degenerating axons could be traced from the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle to the periphery of the red nucleus. Within the red nucleus the degeneration was sparse. No degeneration was seen contralaterally. With the electron microscope degenerating axons showed electron dense axoplasm and seemed devoid of their normal complement of organelles. Electron‐dense degenerating synaptic terminals, one to two per grid square, were found in the more rostral portions of the red nucleus. These terminals were of the asymmetrical type with increased density of the post‐synaptic membrane and made contact with small to medium sized dendrites. No degenerating axosomatic or axoaxonal knobs were seen. No degenerating terminals were seen in the caudal regions of the red nucleus. This study finds that following ablation of the sensorimotor cortex in the rat there is a projection to the ipsilateral red nucleus and that the contacts are primarily of the axodendritic type as revealed by the electron microscope.
A Novel Motif in HIV-1 Nef That Regulates MIP-1β Chemokine Release in Macrophages

ABSTRACT All primate lentiviruses encode Nef, an accessory protein that is important for viral pathogenicity in vivo. Lentiviral Nef proteins regulate the release of chemokines (MIP-1 α/β) from infected macrophages, thereby enhancing virus dissemination (S. Swingler, A. Mann, J. Jacque, B. Brichacek, V. G. Sasseville, K. Williams, A. A. Lackner, E. N. Janoff, R. Wang, D. Fisher, and M. Stevenson, Nat. Med. 5:997-1003, 1999). In the current study, we have identified a novel domain within Nef (K92EK) that is required for Nef-dependent MIP-1β production by infected macrophages. Mutations in this domain abrogated MIP-1β induction but did not affect other Nef-ascribed activities, such as CD4 or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ι downregulation. This further underscores Nef as a modular protein with genetically separable activities that may contribute to its role in viral replication and pathogenicity.
Commentary: does use of food supplements influence the twin rate? New evidence from a randomized controlled trial.

Ovulation-inducing drugs are known to substantially increase the rate, but this is likely to explain only a minority of all occurrences. A number of other conditions have been found to be associated with multiple birth, including seasonality at birth, maternal age, social class, and diet. However, the evidence relies nearly exclusively on observational studies, since very few randomized interventions have been undertaken in the periconceptional period which are large enough to enable the study of a rare outcome such as multiple birth. Until recently there was only evidence available from one such trial with a dietary intervention which was conducted in Hungary and published in 1992. More than 4000 women were randomized to receive either a supplement containing different vitamins, minerals and trace elements or a supplement containing the trace elements only plus minute amounts of vitamin C, from at least one month prior to conception until the second missed menstrual period or later. The authors found a reduced occurrence of neural tube defects in the vitamin/mineral group (0 versus 6 cases), a finding which has contributed to current policies for preventing neural tube defects. A few years later, and more relevant to this commentary, the authors published results showing a significantly higher rate of twins in the group receiving vitamins and minerals, 3.8% versus 2.7%, which was an unexpected finding.3,4 The statistical power to differentiate between effects on dizygotic and monozygotic twin rates was limited, but both twin types tended to be increased in the intervention group. These results prompted an analysis based on five observational data sets collected in the US, where periconceptional use of dietary supplements had been assessed retrospectively after birth. In this exploratory analysis, published in 1997, four of the five studies exhibited a positive association between the twin rate and use of multivitamins from 1 month before to 3 months after conception. When exposure was defined as only comprising post-conceptional supplement use, the associations got weaker or disappeared, a pattern which was interpreted to reflect an effect on twinning rather than an effect on viability of twin pregnancies. Katz’s et al.’s report in this issue of the journal is based on a mega-trial conducted in a poor rural area of Nepal. The main finding of this randomized trial was a lower incidence of maternal deaths within 12 weeks of delivery in the two groups receiving vitamin A and beta-carotene compared to the placebo group (33, 26, and 59 deaths, respectively) which opened novel TWINNING RATES IN NEPAL 807
Self-organized complexity in economics and finance

This article discusses some of the similarities between work being done by economists and by physicists seeking to contribute to economics. We also mention some of the differences in the approaches taken and seek to justify these different approaches by developing the argument that by approaching the same problem from different points of view, new results might emerge. In particular, we review two newly discovered scaling results that appear to be universal, in the sense that they hold for widely different economies as well as for different time periods: (i) the fluctuation of price changes of any stock market is characterized by a probability density function, which is a simple power law with exponent −4 extending over 102 SDs (a factor of 108 on the y axis); this result is analogous to the Gutenberg–Richter power law describing the histogram of earthquakes of a given strength; and (ii) for a wide range of economic organizations, the histogram shows how size of organization is inversely correlated to fluctuations in size with an exponent ≈0.2. Neither of these two new empirical laws has a firm theoretical foundation. We also discuss results that are reminiscent of phase transitions in spin systems, where the divergent behavior of the response function at the critical point (zero magnetic field) leads to large fluctuations.
Adrenal Function and Alcoholism: II. Catecholamines

&NA; Urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites were determined in alcoholic subjects during chronic ethanol ingestion and after alcohol withdrawal. A dose response relationship was found between magnitude of blood alcohol levels and increased excretion of epinephrine, metanephrine, norepinephrine and noremetanephrine. Maximal excretion of epinephrine occurred when subjects developed withdrawal signs and symptoms after they had stopped drinking. A significant decrease in excretion of VMA and a concomitant increase in MHPG excretion occurred when subjects were drinking. These data indicate that chronic ethanol ingestion is associated with both stimulation of adrenergic activity and alteration in pathways of catecholamine catabolism.
Incidence and Predictors of Mortality and the Effect of Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Cohort of TB/HIV Patients Commencing Antiretroviral Therapy

Background:Tuberculosis-HIV (TB-HIV) coinfection remains an important cause of mortality in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. In a cohort of TB-HIV-coinfected patients starting ART, we examined the incidence and predictors of early mortality. Methods:Consecutive TB-HIV-coinfected patients eligible for ART were enrolled in a cohort study at the Mulago National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Predictors of mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results:Three hundred and two patients [median CD4 count 53 cells/μL (interquartile range, 20-134)] were enrolled. Fifty-three patients died, 36 (68%) of these died within the first 6 months of TB diagnosis. Male sex [hazard (HR): 2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19 to 4.03; P = 0.011], anergy to tuberculin skin test [HR: 2.59 (1.10 to 6.12); P = 0.030], a positive serum cryptococcal antigen result at enrollment (HR: 4.27; 95% CI: 1.50 to 12.13; P = 0.006) and no ART use (HR: 4.63; 95% CI: 2. 37 to 9.03; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of mortality by multivariate analysis. Six (10%) patients with TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome died, and in most, an alternative contributing cause of death was identified. Conclusions:Mortality among these TB-HIV-coinfected patients was high particularly when presenting with advanced HIV disease and not starting ART, reinforcing the need for timely and joint treatment for both infections. Screening for a concomitant cryptococcal infection and antifungal treatment for patients with cryptococcal antigenemia may further improve clinical outcome.
Update on Hydrogen Peroxide and Light-Stress Signaling Spatial Dependence for Hydrogen Peroxide-Directed Signaling in Light-Stressed Plants

In this article, the role of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a signaling molecule involved in plant response to a sudden change in light intensity will be considered in a spatial context. The relatively low reactivity of H2O2 compared with other ROS (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1985) might suggest that it could diffuse from a site of production to initiate intracellular and systemic signaling (Mullineaux and Karpinski, 2002). However, another view is promulgated here that allows for compartment-specific H2O2-mediated signaling associated with acclimation to high light. It is proposed that a spatial component to signaling is maintained by limiting the accumulation of H2O2 to its sites of production. This would allow H2O2 to initiate distinct signals depending on its subcellular origin (Mullineaux and Karpinski, 2002). Conversely, breakdown in the integrity of this spatial component, such that H2O2 diffuses into other subcellular compartments, would promote oxidative stress and trigger signaling associated with cell death.
AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO EMPRESARIAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA INDÚSTRIA DE PRODUTOS ALIMENTÍCIOS

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar os fatores internos que influenciam o desempenho da empresa. Para tanto, utilizou-se um estudo de caso para compreender o desempenho da empresa e a influencia de seus fatores internos. O caso estudado foi uma empresa do segmento industria de produtos alimenticios e sua analise baseou-se nos indicadores economicos e financeiros e nos fatores internos do periodo compreendido entre 2010 a 2013. Como resultado, verifica-se que os indicadores economicos e financeiros mostram uma tendencia de reducao da capacidade de pagamento e um aumento de endividamento. Alem disso, os resultados indicam uma tendencia de reducao da rentabilidade, devido ao aumento dos custos e das despesas da empresa. Desse modo, o estudo contribui ao constatar a necessidade de melhoria nos controles gerenciais da empresa, embora espera-se que os investimentos realizados resultem em aumento das vendas e consequente aumento dos lucros.
Molecular Biology of the Channel Catfish Gonadotropin Receptors: 2. Complementary DNA Cloning, Functional Expression, and Seasonal Gene Expression of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor1

Abstract Molecular cloning of the channel catfish FSH receptor is reported together with temporal changes in the gene expression throughout a reproductive cycle. A cDNA encoding the receptor was isolated from the testis using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) procedures. The cDNA coded for a 662-amino acid protein that was most identical (51%–59%) to salmon gonadotropin receptor I and the FSH receptors of higher vertebrates, and less identical to LH receptors and thyrotropin receptors (45%–49% and 46%–47%, respectively). In addition, PCR analysis of the genomic DNA showed the absence of the LH receptor-specific intron. Expression of the channel catfish FSH receptor gene was highly restricted to the testis and ovary, except for a low-level expression in the spleen. Transfected COS cells expressed an active recombinant receptor as determined by the ligand-specific activation of a cAMP-responsive reporter gene (luciferase). The recombinant receptor was activated by human FSH and, to a small extent, hCG. Seasonal changes in the ovarian expression of the FSH receptor gene, examined by measuring the transcript abundance by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, showed a rise around the time of onset of ovarian recrudescence and a decrease prior to spawning. This pattern of seasonal expression of FSH receptor differs significantly from that of the LH receptor, which we reported recently. The differential expression of the two gonadotropin receptor genes, in addition to the differential secretion of the gonadotropic hormones, seem to be critical for the regulation of steroidogenesis and other gonadal physiological processes.
A Pathway in the Brainstem for Roll-Tilt of the Subjective Visual Vertical: Evidence from a Lesion–Behavior Mapping Study

The perceived subjective visual vertical (SVV) is an important sign of a vestibular otolith tone imbalance in the roll plane. Previous studies suggested that unilateral pontomedullary brainstem lesions cause ipsiversive roll-tilt of SVV, whereas pontomesencephalic lesions cause contraversive roll-tilts of SVV. However, previous data were of limited quality and lacked a statistical approach. We therefore tested roll-tilt of the SVV in 79 human patients with acute unilateral brainstem lesions due to stroke by applying modern statistical lesion–behavior mapping analysis. Roll-tilt of the SVV was verified to be a brainstem sign, and for the first time it was confirmed statistically that lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and the medial vestibular nucleus are associated with ipsiversive tilt of the SVV, whereas contraversive tilts are associated with lesions affecting the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF, the superior cerebellar peduncle, the oculomotor nucleus, and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. Thus, these structures constitute the anatomical pathway in the brainstem for verticality perception. Present data indicate that graviceptive otolith signals present a predominant role in the multisensory system of verticality perception.