Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Anorexia nervosa in adult women].

AIM AND METHOD The author presents the clinical picture of anorexia nervosa and comorbidity in women with serious symptoms of anorexia nervosa (diagnosed acc. to DSM-IV), which appeared in adulthood, after the age of 25 years. RESULTS Most of these patients (25-40 years old) had mild symptoms of eating disorders (restricted anorexia nervosa), from adolescence, never diagnosed and treated, had a nondisturbed somatic state and social functioning. The worsening of psychic state and full development of anorexia nervosa symptoms occurred during stressful life event (e.g. avoidance by sexual partner). The majority of those patients had present and past (from adolescence) various anxiety and depressive disorders and personality disorders (obsessive--compulsive, borderline). In most of the women older than 40 years, anorexia nervosa comorbid with depressive disorders, less often with mixed, anxiety--depressive, disorders. The symptoms occurred during menopause, after loss of life-partner (separation or death). It was not established, which of these disorders appeared as the first one. The prognosis was better for the second group of those patients.
Comparative Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniaeStrains with Insertion-Duplication, Point, and Deletion Mutations in the Pneumolysin Gene

ABSTRACT Pneumolysin is a 471-amino-acid toxin produced byStreptococcus pneumoniae which has both cytolytic and complement activation properties. We have constructed a derivative of the type 2 S. pneumoniae strain D39 in which the portion of the pneumolysin gene encoding amino acids 55 to 437 has been deleted in-frame. The virulence of this strain (ΔPly) was compared with those of wild-type D39, a pneumolysin insertion-duplication mutant (PLN-A), and a derivative (PdT) carrying a toxin gene with three point mutations known to abolish both cytolytic activity and complement activation. PdT was intermediate in virulence between D39 and either PLN-A or ΔPly in a mouse intraperitoneal challenge model. This provides unequivocal evidence that pneumolysin has an additional property that is not abolished by point mutations which reduce cytotoxicity and complement activation to virtually undetectable levels.
Effect of genital ulcer disease on HIV-1 coreceptor expression in the female genital tract.

OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) by monocytic cells within human genital ulcers. METHODS Women with primary or secondary syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or HSV-2 infection, or noninfectious abrasions had a biopsy sample taken from the lesion and contralateral vulva. HIV-1 coreceptor expression on CD3(+) and CD14(+) cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to assess levels of coreceptor mRNA expression. RESULTS Women with primary or secondary syphilis or with HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection had significantly increased numbers of CD14(+) cells expressing CCR5 within the genital ulcer. This increase was also noted in the nonulcerated tissue isolated from women with syphilis and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women with secondary syphilis. CCR5 mRNA expression was increased in tissue obtained from syphilis lesions. CONCLUSIONS Monocytes recruited to genital ulcer disease (GUD) sites express increased levels of CCR5. This increased expression could account, at least in part, for enhanced HIV-1 transmission in the setting of GUD.
Lifestyle intervention can reduce the risk of gestational diabetes: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

This study aimed to examine the effect of lifestyle intervention on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We searched PubMed, Springer and other databases to retrieve articles published in English and Chinese up to 30 September 2015. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of lifestyle intervention on risk of GDM. Exclusion criteria were studies with prepregnancy diabetes mellitus or interventions with nutrient supplements. Random‐effect and fixed‐effect model analyses were used to obtain pooled relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diet and physical activity on the risk of GDM. Subgroup analyses were performed to check the consistency of effect sizes across groups where appropriate. We identified 29 randomized controlled trials with 11,487 pregnant women, addressing the effect of lifestyle intervention on the risk of GDM. In the pooled analysis, either diet or physical activity resulted in an 18% (95%CI 5–30%) reduction in the risk of GDM (P = 0.0091). Subgroup analysis showed that such intervention was effective among women with intervention before the 15th gestational week (relative risk: 0.80, 95%CI 0.66–0.97), but not among women receiving the intervention afterwards. We conclude that lifestyle modification during pregnancy, especially before the 15th gestational week, can reduce the risk of GDM. © 2016 World Obesity
WHAT AND HOW UNIVERSITY STUDENT LEADERS LEARNED IN ONE PEER EDUCATION PROGRAM

i Acknowledgements . ii List of Figures . iii List of Tables . iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 Purpose . 2 Overview of Methodology . 3 Definition of Terms . 4 Overview of Thesis Structure . 5 CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE . 7 Student Development . 8 Student Affairs . 10 What Students Learn--Student Affairs and Student Learning and Development . 14 Learning outcomes. 16 How Students Learn . 18 Peer Education. 23 Supplemental Instruction. 27 Summary . 30 CHAPTER 3 – METHODOLOGY . 32 Theoretical Framework . 32 A Qualitative Approach . 33 Context and Cases . 34 Ethical Issues . 38 Data Collection . 39 Participants . 39 Interviews . 40 Data Analysis . 44 Analyzing What Participants Learned. 46 Analyzing How Participants Learned . 57 Summary . 59 vi CHAPTER 4 – FINDINGS: WHAT PEER EDUCATORS LEARNED . 61 Section I: Within-Case Analysis of What Peer Educators Learned . 61 Charlotte . 62 Rose . 66 Michelle . 70 Kilgore Trout . 73 Laura. 76 Karin . 80 Section II: Cross-Case Analysis of What Peer Educators Learned . 86 Practical Competence . 86 Interpersonal Competence . 87 Intrapersonal Development . 88 Cognitive Complexity . 89 Knowledge Acquisition, Construction, Integration, and Application . 90 Humanitarianism and Civic Engagement . 90 Summary of Chapter . 91 CHAPTER 5 – FINDINGS: HOW PEER EDUCATORS LEARNED . 92 Section I: Within-Case Analysis of How Peer Educators Learned . 92 Charlotte . 92 Rose . 95 Michelle . 99 Kilgore Trout . 103 Laura. 105 Karin . 107 Section II: Cross-Case Analysis of How Peer Educators Learned . 111 Learning Through Experience . 111 Learning From Others, Including Different Others . 112 Learning Through Reflection . 114 Learning ‘In Session’ . 114 Learning In The Workroom . 115 Learning In Training . 115
Magnetic response in non-magnetic materials and coupled dipole interactions

Research into the fabrication of negative permeability and negative index metamaterials has focused on intricately-shaped metallic constituent particles. However, a simpler design for a magnetic metamaterial could instead use non-magnetic spheres with a large permittivity [1]. This is possible because each sphere acts as a cavity resonator with a fundamental magnetic dipole resonance, operating in the long wavelength limit due to the large permittivity. Furthermore, coating the spheres with a metal or semiconductor shell would result in a negative index metamaterial [2]. Depending on the choice of materials, this design can be applied at microwave, infrared, or visible frequencies.
Labour Market Responses to Immigration: Evidence from Internal Migration Driven by Weather Shocks

We study the labour market impact of internal migration in Indonesia by instrumenting migrant flows with rainfall shocks at the origin area. Estimates reveal that a one percentage point increase in the share of migrants decreases income by 0.97% and reduces employment by 0.24 percentage points. These effects are different across sectors: employment reductions are concentrated in the formal sector, while income reduction occurs in the informal sector. Negative consequences are most pronounced for low‐skilled natives, even though migrants are systematically highly skilled. We suggest that the two‐sector nature of the labour market may explain this pattern.
Bacterial Acyl-CoA Mutase Specifically Catalyzes Coenzyme B12-dependent Isomerization of 2-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA and (S)-3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA*

Background: Carbon skeleton rearrangements of acyl-CoA esters are catalyzed by coenzyme B12-dependent mutases. Results: A bacterial mutase specifically catalyzes the isomerization of 2-hydroxyisobutyryl- and (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. Conclusion: Substrate affinity and enzyme activity depend strongly on the active site amino acid Ile90. Significance: This is the first characterization of an enzyme isomerizing hydroxylated short chain carboxylic acids. Coenzyme B12-dependent acyl-CoA mutases are radical enzymes catalyzing reversible carbon skeleton rearrangements in carboxylic acids. Here, we describe 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA mutase (HCM) found in the bacterium Aquincola tertiaricarbonis as a novel member of the mutase family. HCM specifically catalyzes the interconversion of 2-hydroxyisobutyryl- and (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. Like isobutyryl-CoA mutase, HCM consists of a large substrate- and a small B12-binding subunit, HcmA and HcmB, respectively. However, it is thus far the only acyl-CoA mutase showing substrate specificity for hydroxylated carboxylic acids. Complete loss of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid degradation capacity in hcmA and hcmB knock-out mutants established the central role of HCM in A. tertiaricarbonis for degrading substrates bearing a tert-butyl moiety, such as the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and its metabolites. Sequence analysis revealed several HCM-like enzymes in other bacterial strains not related to MTBE degradation, indicating that HCM may also be involved in other pathways. In all strains, hcmA and hcmB are associated with genes encoding for a putative acyl-CoA synthetase and a MeaB-like chaperone. Activity and substrate specificity of wild-type enzyme and active site mutants HcmA I90V, I90F, and I90Y clearly demonstrated that HCM belongs to a new subfamily of B12-dependent acyl-CoA mutases.
Combining information

The combination of information from diverse sources is a common task encountered in computational statistics. A popular label for analyses involving the combination of results from independent studies is meta‐analysis. The goal of the methodology is to bring together the results of different studies, reanalyze the disparate results within the context of their common endpoints, synthesize where possible into a single summary endpoint, increase the sensitivity of the analysis to detect the presence of adverse effects, and provide a quantitative analysis of the phenomenon of interest based on the combined data. This article discusses some basic methods in meta‐analytic calculations and includes commentary on how to combine or average results from multiple models applied to the same set of data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
les soins aux personnes asthmatiques : Rapport final d ’ un programme de huit ans visant à réduire les écarts dans les soins de l ’ asthme au Québec

1Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de l’Université Laval, Quebec City; 2Patient Health Management Department, Merck Frosst Canada, Kirkland; 3Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montreal; 4Clinique Médicale Sainte-Foy, Quebec City; 5Groupe de recherche en gestion thérapeutique, Université de Montréal; 6Continuing Medical Education Office, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec Correspondence: Dr Louis-Philippe Boulet, Hôpital Laval, 2725, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G5. Telephone 418-656-4747, fax 418-656-4762, e-mail lpboulet@med.ulaval. ca L-P Boulet, E Dorval, M Labrecque, M Turgeon, T Montague, RL Thivierge. Towards Excellence in Asthma Management: Final report of an eight-year program aimed at reducing care gaps in asthma management in Quebec. Can Respir J 2008;15(6):302-310.
Modernizing public services: subtle interplays of politics and management

Purpose This paper aims to examine the trajectory of public management reforms in Italy. This experience indicates the complexity of managerialism in countries with a legalistic system and where public administration cultures have been, and continue to be, embedded in politics. Design/methodology/approach The analysis of managerial reforms in Italy was carried out with a documentary analysis. In addition to official reports and acts of parliament, the analysis was based on monitoring the government websites and innovative channels (e.g. Facebook) which communicated the progress of the later reforms. Findings The paper shows how modernization of public services has been a continuous priority in the agenda of the Italian Government across four phases: an early attempt in the late 1970s; a lively, phase for Italian managerial reforms in the 1990s; a later advocacy in the 2000s of a specific new public management (NPM) element – performance management; an after-crises reform aimed at reducing public expenditure. Originality/value The paper takes a historical and long-term perspective to analyse the success and failure of NPM reforms implementation in Italy. Differently from previous studies, this papers analyses NPM reforms in a longitudinal perspective, to show how the legalistic culture of Italy continues to affect the implementation of NPM reforms.
Employee Benefits Managers' Opinions About Addiction Treatment

Abstract Employee benefits managers arrange addictive disease treatment insurance coverage for the majority of people in the United States but little is known about these decision-makers. Managers were surveyed to learn their opinions about addiction treatment. Subjects were 131 people (61 percent female, 94 percent white, average age 46, average of 14 years in the human resources field). Managers were asked to rank health benefits (physical health, dental, alcohol-drug, vision, mental health, employee assistance program, and pharmaceuticals) on 15 dimensions. Managers ranked alcohol-drug abuse treatment worst on five items and second to the worst on another four of the 15 dimensions. On the item considered most important by the managers, respondents noted that employees often (2.8) ask for improved physical health benefits but rarely do so for alcohol and drug (4.1) benefits (p <.001). Education of workers and payers will be needed to change opinions about treatment of addictive disorders.
Segmentation of lung fields using Chan-Vese active contour model in chest radiographs

A CAD tool for chest radiographs consists of several procedures and the very first step is segmentation of lung fields. We develop a novel methodology for segmentation of lung fields in chest radiographs that can satisfy the following two requirements. First, we aim to develop a segmentation method that does not need a training stage with manual estimation of anatomical features in a large training dataset of images. Secondly, for the ease of implementation, it is desirable to apply a well established model that is widely used for various image-partitioning practices. The Chan-Vese active contour model, which is based on Mumford-Shah functional in the level set framework, is applied for segmentation of lung fields. With the use of this model, segmentation of lung fields can be carried out without detailed prior knowledge on the radiographic anatomy of the chest, yet in some chest radiographs, the trachea regions are unfavorably segmented out in addition to the lung field contours. To eliminate artifacts from the trachea, we locate the upper end of the trachea, find a vertical center line of the trachea and delineate it, and then brighten the trachea region to make it less distinctive. The segmentation process is finalized by subsequent morphological operations. We randomly select 30 images from the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology image database to test the proposed methodology and the results are shown. We hope our segmentation technique can help to promote of CAD tools, especially for emerging chest radiographic imaging techniques such as dual energy radiography and chest tomosynthesis.
Off-pump coronary artery bypass: early results.

BACKGROUND Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on a beating-heart has gained the attention of cardiac surgeons and shown favorable initial results. However, only a few follow-up results have been reported. We report herein our one-year experiences of off-pump CABG performed at Shin-Tokyo Hospital. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent off-pump CABG and conventional isolated CABG between 01/01/98 and 12/31/98. Preoperative, perioperative, and follow-up data were collected. RESULTS Among 315 cases of isolated CABG, 94 cases were off-pump CABG (male/female 69/25, mean age 67.7). Mean number of distal anastomoses performed by off-pump CABG was 1.7 +/- 0.7 (42 cases of single-vessel revascularization and 52 cases of more than double- vessel revascularization). In off-pump CABG, there were no hospital deaths and 6 major complications including 2 incidences of perioperative myocardial infarction. Postoperative angiography before hospital discharge was performed in 56 patients (59.6%, 98 anastomosis) and revealed 5 occlusions, giving a graft patency rate of 94.9%. During the follow-up (11.4 +/- 4.1 months), there was 1 late non-cardiac death and 11 cardiac events. The event-free rate at 18 months was 94.0% in off-pump CABG, showing no significant difference from the event-free rate after conventional CABG (94.0% at 18 months, p = 0.135). Follow-up angiography was performed in 21 patients (33 anastomoses) at a mean interval of 3.6 months and showed 4 graft occlusions, giving a patency rate of 92.7%. CONCLUSION Both hospital and early results of off-pump CABG were acceptable. Off-pump CABG can be safely performed in selected patients.
Rapid force production in children and adults: mechanical and neural contributions.

PURPOSE Children demonstrate lower force production capacities compared with adults, which has often been attributed to "neuromuscular immaturity. " However, tendon stiffness, which influences both the electromechanical delay (EMD) and rate of force development (RFD) in adults, is lower in children and may influence rapid force production. The aims of this study were 1) to document EMD and RFD variation as a function of age, 2) to determine the relationships between tendon stiffness and parameters relating to rapid force production in children and adults, and 3) to estimate the relative neural and mechanical contributions to age-related changes in force production by examining the effects of tendon stiffness and muscle activation rate (rate of EMG increase [REI]) on RFD. METHODS Achilles tendon stiffness, EMD, RFD, and REI were measured during plantarflexion contractions in 47 prepubertal children (5-12 yr) and 19 adults. Relationships were determined between 1) stiffness and EMD, 2) stiffness and RFD, and 3) REI and RFD. The relative contributions of age, stiffness, and REI on RFD were determined using a multiple regression analysis. Age-related differences in tendon stiffness, EMD, RFD, and REI were also examined according to chronological age (5-6, 7-8, and 9-10 yr) and compared with adults. RESULTS Increases in tendon stiffness with age were correlated with decreases in EMD (r < -0.83). Stiffness and REI could account for up to 35% and 30% of RFD variability in children, respectively, which increased to 58% when these variables were combined. CONCLUSIONS Both neural and mechanical factors influence rapid force production in prepubertal children. Children's longer EMD and slower RFD indicate a less effective development and transfer of muscular forces, which may have implications for complex movement performance.
Characterization of contracting cardiomyocyte colonies in the primary culture of neonatal rat myocardial cells: A model of in vitro cardiomyogenesis

The unmet clinical need for myocardial repair after irreversible ischemic injury requires a better understanding of the biological properties of cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Using a primary culture of neonatal rat myocardial cells, we describe the formation and maturation of contracting cardiomyocyte colonies stemming from c-kit+, Sca+, or Isl1+ CSCs, which occurs in parallel to the hypertrophy of the major cardiac myocyte population. The contracting cardiomyocyte colonies (~1–2 colonies per 1 × 105 of myocardial cells) were identified starting from eighth day of culturing. At first, spontaneous weak, asynchronous, and arrhythmic contractions of the colonies at a rate of 2–3 beats/min were registered. Over time, the contractions of the colonies became more synchronous and frequent, with a contraction rate of 58–60 beats/min by the 30th day of culturing. The colonies were characterized by the CSCs subtype-specific pattern of growth and structure. The cells of the colonies were capable of spontaneous cardiomyogenic differentiation, demonstrating expression of both sarcomeric α-actinin and α-sarcomeric actin as well as the maturation of contractile machinery and typical Ca2+ responses to caffeine (5 mМ) and K+ (120 mМ). Electromechanical coupling, characterized by cardiac muscle-specific Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, was evident at 3 weeks of culturing. Thus, the co-cultivation of CSCs with mature cardiac cells resulted in the formation of contracting cardiomyocyte colonies, resembling the characteristics of in vivo cardiomyogenesis. The proposed model can be used for the investigation of fundamental mechanisms underlying cardiomyogenic differentiation of CSCs as well as for drug testing and/or other applications.
The Pain Disability Index: psychometric and validity data.

The Pain Disability Index (PDI) is a brief instrument that was developed to assess pain-related disability, providing information that complements assessment of physical impairment. This paper presents the results of two studies concerning the psychometric properties and the validity of the PDI. In study I, PDI scores of 108 patients appeared internally consistent (alpha = .86), although a factor analysis revealed two factors. The first factor (59.3% of variance) seemed to include more discretionary, less obligatory activities. The second factor (14.3% of variance) included activities more basic to daily living and survival. Study II found that the PDI scores of 37 former inpatients were significantly higher than 36 former outpatients who responded to a follow-up questionnaire. These findings support the validity of the PDI. Several methodologic issues are discussed, and suggestions are made for future uses of the instrument.