Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Cytokine-Producing CD4 Memory Cells Predominate in Type 1 and Type 2 Immunity1

The patterns of Ag-induced cytokine coexpression in normal, in vivo-primed CD4 memory T cells has remained controversial because the low frequency at which these cells occur has effectively prevented direct ex vivo measurements. We have overcome this limitation by using two-color cytokine enzyme-linked immunospot assays and computer-assisted image analysis. We found CD4 memory cells that simultaneously expressed IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ to be rare (0–10%). This cytokine segregation was seen in adjuvant-induced type 1, type 2, and mixed immunity to OVA, in Leishmania infection regardless of the Ag dose used or how long after immunization the assay was performed. The data suggest that type 1 and type 2 immunity in vivo is not mediated by classic Th1 or Th2 cells but by single-cytokine-producing memory cells.
Rent Sharing with Footloose Production. Foreign Ownership and Wages Revisited.

We present a bargaining model of wage and employment determination, where we show that foreign acquisitions might hurt the bargaining outcome of powerful unions by giving the fi rm a credible threat to move production abroad. Using detailed data on fi rms and workers in manufacturing, including information on union membership and foreign ownership, we fi nd, in line with the predictions of our model, that foreign acquisitions negatively impact the outcome of workers in highly unionized plants.
Strategy-technology connection. [Use in decision making]

The past decade reveals managers' growing awareness of the need to incorporate technological issues within strategic decision making. They have increasingly discovered that technology and strategy are inseparable. For technology has an inner logic that simply must be considered in a company's strategic planning - that process of creating a concept of the business it is in, identifying its goals and objectives and the long-term policies to meet them, and formulating plans of action. Technology includes the elaborate systems of planning and production through which a company's abstract capability is translated into the goods and services on which it ultimately depends for success. More than 30 books and articles referenced by the author express this increasing perception by managers of the need to place technological decisions in the context of overall corporate strategy.
General practitioners' views on the screening for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection and partner notification

A postal survey of general practitioners (GPs) in the East Riding of Yorkshire was undertaken to find out their views about screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the reasons for their inability to screen the high-risk population, facilities available for screening in the primary care setting, treatment regimen and the views about partner notification. Although all GPs had the facilities for chalmydial testing, their views on chlamydial screening differed widely and very few offered opportunistic screening. Most of the GPs would prefer the sexual health clinics (genitourinary medicine [GUM] clinics) to undertake partner notification. Less than half of the GPs surveyed offered the ideal antimicrobial therapy against chlamydial infection, as recommended by the Central Audit Group in Genito-urinary Medicine1. This survey shows the necessity to disseminate proper guidelines for the management of uncomplicated C. trachomatis infection in the community. Sexual health clinics should make adequate provision to deal with additional workload resulting from the increased referrals of partners to the clinics when the opportunistic screening is widely provided by the GPs.
Experimental allergic uveitis. II. Serologic and hypersensitive responses of the guinea pig following immunization with homologous retina.

Summary Guinea pigs immunized with homologous retina in Freund9s adjuvant developed both humoral and hypersensitive responses to retinal tissue, and were associated with production of experimental allergic uveitis in these animals. Serologic investigations indicated humoral antibody was made to two antigens of retinal specificity. One was extractable from retinal homogenate in saline, and the other was demonstrated in the particulate fraction of the ultracentrifuged homogenate. Antibodies to both antigens were produced by animals immunized with whole retinal emulsion, but a few of the animals made antibody to only one of the antigens. In these animals delayed hypersensitivity was elicited convincingly only to the extractable antigen. Following immunization with either soluble or particulate fraction of retina, guinea pigs made humoral antibody only to the fraction used for immunization. Delayed hypersensitivity was demonstrated only in animals immunized with the extract. The two antigens were limited in the guinea pig to retinal tissue, but similar antigens were demonstrated in the retinas of other species. Although humoral antibodies from guinea pigs immunized with homologous retina were reactive with heterologous retina, these animals showed delayed hypersensitivity only to guinea pig retina. Conversely, guinea pigs immunized with heterologous retina were not hypersensitive to homologous retina. These findings are correlated with previous observations that homologous, but not heterologous retina, was highly effective in production of experimental allergic uveitis in the guinea pig.
American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America: treatment of tuberculosis.

8.4. Culture-negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis CONTENTS in Adults . 650 Summary . 604 8.5. Radiographic Evidence of Prior Tuberculosis: Inactive Tuberculosis . 650
Risk Perceptions of a Mixed-Image Destination: The Case of Turkey's First-Time Versus Repeat Leisure Visitors

The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to investigate tourists' perception of risk about Turkey as a mix image destination and second, to examine if perceived risk of Turkey as a tourism destination differs between first-time and repeat visitors. The findings of the study indicated six risk dimensions as perceived by tourists visited Turkey: (a) time and social risk, (b) financial risks, (c) physical risks, (d) pressing situation risk, (e) experience-related risk, and (f) weather and hotel risk. Descriptive findings suggest that perceived risk of Turkey as a tourism destination was low in spite of some possible risk patterns due to its mixed image. Significant differences were found between first-time and repeat visitors in terms of destination risk perceptions. The study offers practical and theoretical implications for tourism marketing and managing risk in mixed image tourism destinations.
Scalable mobile quality assessment for User-generated Video

Meerkat, Twitter's Periscope and Facebook.Live are examples of the recently evolved trend for mobile live video broadcasting. Platform providers want to offer video streams in an appealing and high quality manner. A variety of quality assessment algorithms exist inspecting different modalities and offering varying accuracy and runtime behavior. This work proposes an adaptive selection of a quality assessment algorithm for mobile generated video in order to balance real-time constraints and accuracy of an algorithm. In addition, we leverage mobile devices' capabilities to conduct video quality assessment on their own. Therefore, the processing location of an assessment is determined adaptively and executed on a central server or on any of the recording mobile devices. We show that compared with the state-of-the-art quality estimation the number of real-time quality assessments is increased by more than 25%.
Identification of a Candidate Rad1 Subunit for the Kinetoplastid 9-1-1 (Rad9-Hus1-Rad1) Complex

The trimeric 9-1-1 (Rad9-Hus1-Rad1) complex plays an important role in the eukaryotic DNA damage response by recruiting DNA repair factors and checkpoint mediators to damaged sites. Extensively characterised in mammals and yeast, evidence is now emerging that 9-1-1 function is conserved beyond the relatively narrow evolutionary range of the Opisthokonts. Kinetoplastid Rad9 and Hus1 proteins have been identified and shown to be involved in the DNA damage response but Rad1 has remained elusive. In this study, PSI-BLAST iterative database searching, phylogenetic and structural modeling techniques are used to identify and characterise candidate Rad1 proteins in kinetoplastid organisms.
Noise margin-optimized ternary CMOS SRAM delay and sizing characteristics

This paper presents the design and simulation of a ternary CMOS SRAM cell. A 16×16 ternary SRAM with ternary-compatible addressing was designed in a 0. 18µm process and the rise and fall delays were compared with a 16×16 binary SRAM. The ternary SRAM was created using cross-coupled ternary inverters. The inverters were optimized for high noise-margins and the optimum transistor sizings were presented. SPICE simulation was performed to compare the delay characteristics of the binary and ternary inverters and SRAM arrays. SPICE simulations confirmed correct functional behaviour of the READ and WRITE operations. The READ delay of the ternary SRAM was comparable to that of the binary counterpart for all cases except for the fall time from {2}⇔{1} while the WRITE delay favoured the binary SRAM by a small amount.
Regulatory cell-mediated tolerance does not protect against chronic rejection

Background. Regulatory cells prevent graft loss to acute rejection and induce tolerance, possibly by promoting Th2 deviation. Th2 cytokines stimulate B cells, which cause alloantibody-mediated chronic rejection. We searched to determine whether regulatory cell-mediated tolerance protects or not against chronic rejection. Methods. Heart transplantation (Htx) was performed using RA (RT1P) and PVG (RT1c) rats as donor and recipients. Donor-specific blood transfusion (DSBT) was given on preTx day 12. Secondary grafts were implanted at day 100. Splenocytes were transferred from tolerant rats (and controls) into lightly irradiated (450 rad) naive PVG, which received RA Htx. Primary Htx were investigated for the development of vascular occlusion (VO), the production of Th1/Th2 intragraft cytokines, and for the nature of graft infiltrate as well as for endothelial deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G isotypes and complement (C3) binding. Results were compared with rejecting controls (no DSBT) and syngeneic Htx. Results. RA Htx were rejected within 10 days (8, 9, 10×4). PreTx DSBT prolonged primary Htx survival indefinitely (>140 days) with acceptance of secondary donor-specific (but not third-party) grafts (P <0.001). Naive irradiated PVG rats given splenocytes from tolerant rats but not from controls accepted RA Htx, showing the existence of regulatory cells in allograft acceptors. Despite being tolerant, DSBT-treated rats displayed typical features of chronic rejection at day 90 (VO=77%; P <0.001 vs. VO=4% in syngeneic rats). An overt Th2 deviation, particularly intragraft production of interleukin (IL)-4, was observed at day 30. Simultaneously to this Th2 deviation, B cells emerged in the grafts and endothelial deposition of IgG1 (Th2 dependent) and C3 binding were observed. Conclusions. Regulatory cells that prevent graft loss to acute rejection in primary and secondary grafts do not protect against the development of chronic rejection.
Development of the legume root nodule.

NODULE INITIATION . 193 Diff usible Signals from Plant to Bacterium 193 Diff usible Signals from Bacterium to Plant . 195 Induction of the Nodule Meristem. 196 Uninvaded Nodules ,. 197
Interactive Graph Algorithm Visualization and the GraViz Prototype

Visualizing a graph of any complexity can be di cult, particularly if arbitrary details decorating both the vertex set and arc set are required to be rendered. A graph algorithm visualizing tool GraViz has been developed using Java and Java-Swing rendering technology. The design ideas and data structures used in GraViz are presented and some directions for future enhancement are discussed. A detailed discussion of the rendering model is given including: layering and drawing space issues; managing rendering complexity of detail; rendering transforms; editing modes; reporting models and runaway algorithm control. A review of graph data representations and file formats is also presented alongwith a comparison with other publicly available graph rendering tools. GraViz also supports a number of graph generation and analysis algorithms and some ideas for managing a potentially large repertoire of such algorithms are presented.
Automatic test generation from communicating extended finite state machine (CEFSM)-based models

We present a methodology based on communicating extended finite state machines (CEFSM) to generate tests automatically from system specifications. Unlike other model-based methods, it does not require the creation of any new models. Rather, it uses the existing available system models including both data and behavioral information. Our CEFSM-based test generation uses FSMs (finite state machines) to model behavior and events, their extension with variables to model data, and their interaction channels to model communication. Our method generates tests based on a combination of behavior, data, and communication specifications. Another important difference is that our method addresses branching coverage not only for data-related decision coverage, but also behavioral transition coverage. Sophisticated "priority" and "dominator" analysis is applied to generate efficient test cases to increase, as much as possible with as few tests as possible, the branching coverage of the system being tested.
The Trend of Cloud Computing in China

With the rapid development of internet, cloud computing rapidly becomes the next round of growth wave in IT industry. In this paper, we introduce some recent trends in the cloud computing in China. We analyze the policy, the related companies, the advantages of this sector,the services and also some technological problems existed in this area.
Awareness in cardiothoracic anaesthetic practice – where now after NAP5?

al. Comparison of topical tramadol and ketamine in pain treatment after tonsillectomy. Pediatric Anesthesia 2013; 23: 496–501. 40. Ugur KS, Karabayirli S, Demircioglu RI, et al. The comparison of preincisional peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine and tramadol for postoperative pain relief on children following adenotonsillectomy. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2013; 77: 1825–9. 41. Honarmand A, Safavi M, Kashefi P, Hosseini B, Badiei S. Comparison of effect of intravenous ketamine, peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol and their combination on pediatric posttonsillectomy pain: a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013; 8: 177–83. 42. Neri E, Maestro A, Minen F, et al. Sublingual ketorolac versus sublingual tramadol for moderate to severe posttraumatic bone pain in children: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2013; 98: 721–4. 43. Morley SR, Becker J, Al-Adnani M, Cohen MC. Drugand alcohol-related deaths at a pediatric institution in the United Kingdom. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 2012; 33: 390–4. 44. Li X, Zuo Y, Dai Y. Childrens seizures caused by continuous intravenous infusion of tramadol: two rare case reports. Pediatric Anesthesia 2012; 22: 308–9. 45. Grandvuillemin A, Jolimoy G, Authier F, Dautriche A, Duhoux F, Sgro C. Tramadol induced hypoglycaemia. 2 cases. Presse Medicine 2006; 35: 1842–4. 46. Marechal C, Honorat R, Claudet I. Serotonin syndrome induced by tramadol intoxication in an 8-month-old infant. Pediatric Neurology 2011; 44: 72–4. 47. Perdreau E, Iriart X, Mouton JB, Jalal Z, Thanbo JB. Cardiogenic shock due to acute tramadol intoxication. Cardiovascular Toxicology 2014 May 9; doi 10. 1007/s12012-014-9262-2. 48. Grond S, Sablotzki A. Clinical pharmacology of tramadol. Clinical Paharmacokinetics 2004; 43: 879–923. 49. Marmite. http://www.unilever. co.uk/ brands-in-action/detail/Marmite/293688/ (accessed 5/10/2014).
Strategic Renewal of European Financial Incumbents

How do incumbent firms and environments coevolve and how are firm level adaptation and selection at industry level interrelated? Can and do large established organisations renew themselves to adapt to their environment? Three single-lens theories, relating to environmental selection, institutional theory, managerial intentionality, and a coevolutionary perspective are used to investigate strategic renewal of incumbent European financial services firms. We derive propositions and distinguish between three dimensions of strategic renewal to develop metrics that investigate our propositions in a multi-level, multi-country, longitudinal study of the European financial services industry. The results suggest the following clues for further investigation. From an environmental selection perspective, we find financial incumbents have a preference for exploitation renewal actions. Country institutional environments appear to explain to what extent financial incumbents prefer internal and/or external renewal actions. Managerial intentionality seems to explain outlier behaviour and firm-specific frequency and timing of renewal actions. From a coevolutionary perspective, interaction effects contribute to explain deviations from predictions derived from the single-lens theories applied in this thesis.
Nuclear receptor NHR-25 is required for cell-shape dynamics during epidermal differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Epithelial cell shape changes underlie important events in animal development. During the postembryonic life of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, stem epidermal seam cells lose and actively renew mutual adherens junction contacts after each asymmetric division that separates them. The seam cell contacts are important for epidermal differentiation, but what regulates the cell-shape changes that restore them is unknown. Here, we show that NHR-25, a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family, is expressed in the seam cells and is necessary for these cells to elongate and reach their neighbors after the asymmetric divisions. A failure to do so, caused by nhr-25 RNA interference, compromises the subsequent fate of seam-cell anterior daughters. Unexpectedly, the lack of cell-cell contacts does not prevent a unique seam cell to produce a neuroblast, even though a homeotic gene (mab-5) that normally prevents the neuroblast commitment is ectopically expressed in the absence of nhr-25 function. Seam cells lacking mutual contacts display reduced expression of a Fat-like cadherin marker cdh-3::gfp. Although some seam cells retain the ability to fuse at the final larval stage, the resulting syncytium shows gaps and bifurcations, translating into anomalies in cuticular ridges (alae) produced by the syncytium. nhr-25 RNAi markedly enhances branching of the alae caused by a mutant cuticular collagen gene rol-6. Silencing of nhr-25 also disturbs epidermal ultrastructure, which is probably the cause of compromised cuticle secretion and molting. Cell shape dynamics and molting thus represent distinct roles for NHR-25 in epidermal development.
A decade of Alternative Investment Market (AIM) – but little impact on the UK apparel sector

Purpose – This paper introduces the reader to the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market (AIM) and seeks to identify those companies listed that would be in the broad apparel sector.Design/methodology/approach – The paper gives a numerical value of the stability/success of those companies by using the QuiScore rating system and capital gearing.Findings – The paper considers the progress made by the companies in this sector on corporate governance looking at the extent of their moves towards the provisions of the combined code.Originality/value – The paper sets out areas for further research in this field to extend this study and broaden the knowledge on secondary market development.
Building Early Academic Career Capacity Through Mentoring

A strong and resilient academic workforce is essential if we are to adequately prepare future generations of nurses. Currently, there is an international shortage of nursing faculty (McDermid, Peters, Jackson, & Daly, 2012), and these shortages are expected to grow (Reid, Hinderer, Jarosinski, Mister, & Seldomridge, 2013). Research suggest that there are a number of challenges for nurses transitioning from the health sector into academic life (Halcomb et al., 2015; Halcomb, Andrew, Peters, Salamonson, & Jackson, 2010; McDermid, Peters, Daly, & Jackson, 2013). One of these challenges is the need to develop research expertise and become an active researcher (Jackson, 2008b; Jackson, Peters, Andrew, Salamonson, & Halcomb, 2011). Associated with this is the need to form productive collaborations and relationships within and without of the academic environment (Cleary & Hunt, 2010; Horsfall, Cleary, & Hunt, 2011). Mentoring can be a valuable strategy for facilitating the development of new faculty. The importance of mentoring for nurses both academically and clinically is well recognized, and has been associated with positive growth and the development of leadership skills (Jackson et al., 2015; Leggat, Balding, & Schiftan, 2015; McCloughen, O’Brien, & Jackson, 2009). Mentoring is considered fundamental to establishing and nurturing an academic career and dealing with the constantly changing demands evident in academic life. The shortage in the academic workforce has implications for meeting the demands of nursing research and leadership (McDermid et al., 2012). Given that nursing is an academic discipline which is dependent on evidence-based practice with a need to generate, disseminate, and apply evidence through education and advanced scholarship, a critical need to build research capacity has been identified (Jackson, 2008b; Reid et al., 2013). Faculty life can be demanding and upcoming academics face a number of challenges (Cleary, Walter, Halcomb, & Lopez, 2016) particularly in relation to managing demands whilst establishing a research profile (McDermid et al., 2013). Research is necessary for the profession to advance evidence-based practice, and to provide the best possible care to clients (Reid et al., 2013). Whilst the benefits of mentoring are well established (Huang, Weng, & Chen, 2016; McCloughen, O’Brien, & Jackson, 2006; McCloughen, O’Brien, & Jackson, 2010); in some ways it has been embraced quite uncritically (Green & Jackson
Interim Reporting and Accounting Quality

We investigate the effect of interim reporting on accounting quality. We assume that the manager has a preference for a high stock price. The manager may bias accounting reports in each sub-period. We assume that the enforcement system ties sanctions to the detected gap between total reported earnings and total cash flows at the liquidation stage. We show that there are many circumstances where interim reporting does not improve accounting quality; sometimes interim reporting even reduces it. The result is driven by the fact that biasing reports in shorter intervals goes along with lower incremental sanctions at each reporting stage. However, if effective, the bias leads to the same manipulated stock price as does an analogous reporting bias for the longer period. The incentive for increased misreporting with interim reporting is present in multiple equilibria. If there is an earnings-inflating equilibrium, the above negative effect may be offset by improved timeliness. If there is an earnings-deflating equilibrium, interim reporting unambiguously reduces accounting quality.