Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First dispersion-flattened transpacific undersea system: from design to terabit/s field trial

The 8991-km-long transpacific segment of the Tyco Global Network (TGN) [TGN is a trademark of Tyco Telecommunications, Eatontown, NJ 07724 USA], connecting Hillsboro, Oregon, USA to Toyohashi, Japan, is the first installed dispersion-flattened dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system. In this paper, we describe the development path bringing this system from the computer design stage to a field trial, which confirms that the installed segment can support the design capacity of 96/spl times/10 Gb/s customer channels per fiber pair. Commercial channels have been provisioned on this segment with satisfactory system margins. Exploratory transmission results at 128/spl times/12.3 Gb/s over this segment are also reported here. The experimental results agree well with our expectations based on the results from our system design simulator.
CLASSIFICATION IN TWITTER TO IMPROVE INFORMATION FILTERING

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments. v Vita . vii List of Figures . xi Chapter 1: Introduction to Text Classification. 1 1.1 Classification . 1 1.2 Text Classification. 1 1.2. 1 Text Representation . 3 1.3 Short Text Classification . 5 1.3. 1 Related Work . 6 Chapter 2: Overview of Twitter . 13 2.
Interfiber bonding and fiber segment activation in paper

Bonding and activation in paper were studied with the help of laboratory test sheets and common paper strength tests. Different papermaking furnishes and raw material treatments were used to examine the effects they have on bonding and activation. Furthermore, various boundary conditions during drying were included to single out the influence of bonding and activation on paper properties. It was found that bonding is clearly increased by beating of kraft pulp, starch addition, and thermomechanical pulp fines, whereas activation benefited most from beating and addition of reinforcement fibers to mechanical pulp based furnishes. Subjecting test sheets to increasing amounts of drying stress affected activation positively, and bonding negatively. The increase in activation did not seem to be dependent on the beating degree of chemical pulp fibers. Bonding, on the other hand, deteriorated more significantly in sheets made of extensively beaten kraft fibers, i.e. in sheets where the initial bonding potential was higher. Commonly used paper strength measurements provide dependable and accurate tools for assessing the effect of different variables on both bonding and activation. A short literature survey of bonding and activation is also provided.
Synchronous Occurrence of Early Gastric Cancer and a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor at the Same Site: A Case Report

A 70-year-old male was admitted to our institution with a complaint of vomiting in mid-September 2011. Upper gastroendoscopy revealed an approximately 20 mm submucosal tumor in the anterior wall of the lesser curvature at the lower gastric body that was overlain by 15 mm type 0-I conglomerate lesion. Distal gastrectomy and reconstruction using Billroth I was performed in mid-November 2011. Gross specimen revealed an 18×18×10 mm elastic, hard submucosal tumor in the lesser curvature at the lower body, which was overlain by a 14×14×8 mm type 0-I conglomerate lesion. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the submucosal tumor revealed spindle cells, positive for c-kit and CD34, but negative for desmin and S-100 proteins after immunochemical analysis; thus, an uncommitted type of gastrointestinal tumor (GIST) was diagnosed. Pathological analysis of the type 0-I lesion revealed a well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. There was no continuity between gastric cancer and GIST. His postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged ambulatory 25 days after admission. This case represents a rare case of synchronous occurrence of early gastric cancer and GIST at the same site.
Dual band aperture coupled cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna array

In this paper, the tuning technique of 3-elements cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) array for wireless LAN 802.11 a/b/g standard applications is studied experimentally. The rectangular shaped aperture slots are used to excite the first and last radiating element. The aperture slots etched on the ground plane are excited by using the 50Ω microstrip transmission line. The electromagnetic coupling technique is used to excite the middle radiating element to enhance the antenna bandwidth as well as gain. The effects of changing the dimensions of slot width on the resonance frequency are also analyzed using a CST microwave studio. The simulated and measured results have successfully given the resonance at 2.45 and 5.0 GHz. The 2-D and 3-D radiation patterns of the proposed dual band antenna are addressed in this paper.
A cultural exploration of consumers’ interactions and relationships with celebrities

Abstract This paper offers a cultural exploration of young adult consumers’ everyday interactions and relationships with celebrities. Adopting an interpretive methodology, we build on McCracken’s (1986, 1989) important work on cultural-meaning transfer, and integrate a contemporary understanding of consumers as co-creators of meaning, in order to explore their everyday experiences with celebrities. Findings suggest that consumers purposefully interact with celebrities in a diverse range of ways and actively engage in a variety of consumer–celebrity relationships. We conceptualise a range of consumer–celebrity relationship types and demonstrate the roles that celebrities can play in providing meaning and context to consumers’ identity projects. Summary statement of contribution Our research builds on contemporary understandings of celebrity meaning transfer and in particular explores consumer-driven (rather than managerial) understandings of celebrity meanings. Our findings suggest that consumers’ uses of celebrities are somewhat more active and purposeful than McCracken’s (1989) model and much prior research suggests. Consumers develop portfolios of celebrity relationships, or celebrityscapes (cf. Fournier, 1998), which allow consumers the freedom and opportunity to flit between different (often fragmented) identity positions.
A tunable-frequency system for touch-less heartbeat detection and HRV extraction

This paper presents a practical study for heartbeat detection at 1 m distance. Our microwave system, based on a vector network analyzer, is used at 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz, 10 GHz, 16 GHz, and 60 GHz. Heart Rate Variability is extracted from the time domain variation of the phase of S21 for both the original and the smoothed signal, and its standard deviation is calculated.
Bucking the Tide in Family Violence Research

This autobiographical article recounts a 60-year career on research and teaching, 40 of which focused on interpersonal violence against other family members. Much of that research was carried despite prevailing beliefs which characterized either the methodology or the theory to be wrong. The article illustrates four underling themes: iconoclasm; capitalizing on chance occurrences to select research topics; the conflict between ideology, evidence, and steps taken by critics to deny or discredit the results of my research; and the role of the personal history and the personality of the researcher in molding a scientific career.
Selective elimination of I K , slow 1 in mouse ventricular myocytes expressing a dominant negative Kv 1 . 5 subunit

Li, Huilin, Weinong Guo, Kathryn A. Yamada, and Jeanne M. Nerbonne. Selective elimination of IK,slow1 in mouse ventricular myocytes expressing a dominant negative Kv1.5 subunit. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286: H319–H328, 2004. First published October 2, 2003; 10.1152/ajpheart.00665. 2003. —Although previous studies have revealed a role for the voltage-gated K channel -subunit Kv1.5 (KCNA5) in the generation of the 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)sensitive component of delayed rectification in mouse ventricles (IK,slow1), the phenotypic consequences of manipulating IK,slow1 expression in vivo in different (mouse) models are distinct. In these experiments, point mutations were introduced in the pore region of Kv1.5 to change the tryptophan (W) at position 461 to phenylalanine (F) to produce a nonconducting subunit, Kv1.5W461F, that is shown to function as a Kv1 subfamily-specific dominant negative (Kv1.5DN). With the use of the -myosin heavy chain promoter to direct cardiac-specific expression, three lines of Kv1.5DN-expressing (C57BL6) transgenic mice were generated and characterized. Electrophysiological recordings from Kv1.5-DN-expressing left ventricular myocytes revealed that the micromolar 4-AP sensitive IK,slow1 is selectively eliminated. The attenuation of IK,slow1 is accompanied by increased ventricular action potential durations and marked QT prolongation. In contrast to previous findings in mice expressing a truncated (DN) Kv1.1 transgene; however, no electrical remodeling is evident in Kv1.5DN-expressing ventricular myocytes, and the (Kv1.5DN-induced) elimination of IK,slow1 does not result in spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias.
Index Clustering: A Map-reduce Clustering Approach using Numba

Clustering high-dimensional data is often a crucial step of many applications. However, the so called ”Curse of dimensionality” is a challenge for most clustering algorithms. In such high-dimensional spaces, distances between points tend to be less meaningful and the spaces become sparse. Such sparsity needs more data points to characterize the similarities so more distance comparisons are computed. Many approaches have been proposed for reduction of dimensionality, such as sub-space clustering, random projection clustering, and feature selection technique. However, approaches like these become unfeasible in scenarios where data is geographically distributed or cannot be openly used across sites. To deal with the location and privacy issues as well as mitigate the expensive distance computation, we propose an index-based clustering algorithm that generates a spatial index for each data point across all dimensions without needing an explicit knowledge of the other data points. Then it performs a conceptual Map-Reduce procedure in the index space to form a final clustering assignment. Our results show that this algorithm is linear and can be parallelized and executed independently across points and dimensions. We present a Numba implementation and preliminary study of this algorithm’s capabilities and limitations.
Expert Chess Memory : Revisiting the Chunking Hypothesis Fernand Gobet and Herbert

After reviewing the relevant theory on chess expertise, this paper reexamines experimentally the finding of Chase and Simon (1973a) that the differences in ability of chess players at different skill levels to copy and to recall positions are attributable to the experts’ storage of thousands of chunks (patterned clusters of pieces) in long-term memory. Despite important differences in the experimental apparatus, the data of the present experiments regarding latencies and chess relations between successively placed pieces are highly correlated with those of Chase and Simon. We conclude that the 2second inter-chunk interval used to define chunk boundaries is robust, and that chunks have psychological reality. We discuss the possible reasons why Masters in our new study used substantially larger chunks than the Master of the 1973 study, and extend the chunking theory to take account of the evidence for large retrieval structures (templates) in long-term memory.
Differential Effects of Palmitate on Glucose Uptake in Rat-1 Fibroblasts and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Non-esterified fatty acids are thought to be one of the causes for insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanism of fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is not clearly known. In this study, we first examined the effect of palmitate on insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that 1h treatment with 1 mmol/l palmitate had no effect on insulin binding, tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptors, 185 kDa proteins and Shc, and PI3 kinase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Then, the effects of palmitate on MAP kinase activity and glucose uptake in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were compared with those in poorly differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and in HIRc-B cells. Palmitate treatment had no effect on MAP kinase activity in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, while it inhibited MAP kinase in poorly differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and HIRc-B cells. Glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitate for 1 h, 4 h and 16 h was higher than that in control cells, but palmitate treatment caused a rightward shift of the insulin-dose responsive curve for glucose uptake in HIRc-B cells. Palmitate treatment did not significantly affect basal and insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. When the cells were treated with PD98059, a specific MEK inhibitor, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was not affected in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, while it was almost completely inhibited in HIRc-B cells. These results suggest the primary effect of palmitate on adipocytes may not involve insulin resistance of adipocytes themselves.
Air Quality in Mexico City: Spatial and Temporal Variations of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Source Apportionment of Gasoline-Versus-Diesel Vehicle Emissions

The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is one of the largest cities in the world, and as with many megacities worldwide, it experiences serious air quality and pollution problems, especially with ozone and particulate matter. Ozone levels exceed the healthbased standard, which is equivalent to the U.S. standard, on approximately 80% of all days, and concentrations of particulate matter 10 μm and smaller (PM10) exceed the standard on more than 40% of all days in most years. Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of semi-volatile compounds that are formed during combustion and many of these compounds are known or suspected carcinogens. Recent studies on PAHs in Mexico City indicate that very high concentrations have been observed there and may pose a serious health hazard. The first part of this thesis describes results from the Megacities Initiative: Local and Regional Observations (MILAGRO) study in Mexico City in March 2006. During this field campaign, we measured PAH and aerosol active surface area (AS) concentrations at six different locations throughout the city using the Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory (AML). The different sites encompassed a mix of residential, commercial, industrial, and undeveloped land use. The goals of this research were to describe spatial and temporal patterns in PAH and AS concentrations, to gain insight into sources of PAHs, and to
The effects of alanine, glucose and starch ingestion on the ketosis produced by exercise and by starvation.

1. Several investigators have found that the development of post‐exercise ketosis is not counteracted by glucose ingestion. Post‐exercise ketosis might therefore have more in common with diabetic ketoacidosis than with starvation ketosis. 2. The effects of ingesting 100 g of glucose, alanine or starch were therefore studied in subjects rendered hyperketonaemic by prolonged running on a low carbohydrate diet, or by 65 h of starvation. These substances were also ingested by normal post‐prandial subjects. 3. The runners developed post‐exercise ketosis (1.81 +/‐ S.D. 0.81 mmol/l), which was counteracted by alanine and glucose, but only minimally by starch. 4. Fasting caused a variable ketosis (2.19 +/‐ S.D. 1.63 mmol/l), also counteracted by glucose and less by starch, but alanine caused vomiting. 5. Glucose and alanine lowered the blood ketone body levels of the post‐prandial subjects. 6. The rising ketone body levels in starvation and after exercise were accompanied by simultaneous increases in the plasma insulin/glucagon ratios; in both, glucose ingestion increased the ratio further, while alanine decreased it. 7. It is concluded that there is no essential difference between established post‐exercise and starvation ketosis, and that the blood fuel‐hormone changes do not correlate with the changes in blood ketone body concentrations.
A New Overview on the Old Topic: The Theoretical Analysis of "Combinatorial Strategy" for DNA Recombination

To clone genes of interest into suitable vectors is the first step to investigate their functions in vitro and in vivo. At the genome era, the sequences of more and more genes were decoded and available gradually. Therefore, it is critical to develop high efficient strategies for cloning genes of interest into different vectors to facilitate the functional analyses of them. In our previous studies, we created “Combinatorial strategy” for DNA recombination. Here, I theoretically analyzed the procedure of DNA recombination, the mechanism of this strategy, and further gave suggestions and predictions for various ligation-dependent molecular cloning experiments.
Cerebellum and fourth ventricle.

The posterior cranial fossa, the largest and deepest of the three cranial fossae, contains the most complex intracranial anatomy. Here, in approximately one-eighth the intracranial space, are found the pathways regulating consciousness, vital autonomic functions, and motor activities and sensory reception for the head, body, and extremities, in addition to the centers for controlling balance and gait. Only 2 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves are located entirely outside the posterior fossa; the 10 other pairs have a segment within the posterior fossa (22, 25) (Fig. 1.1). The posterior fossa is strategically situated at the outlet of the cerebrospinal fluid flow from the ventricular system. The arterial relationships are especially complex, with the vertebral and basilar arteries having relatively inaccessible segments deep in front of the brainstem and the major cerebellar arteries coursing in relation to multiple sets of cranial nerves before reaching the cerebellum (9, 10, 18, 19). The posterior fossa extends from the tentorial incisura, through which it communicates with the supratentorial space, to the foramen magnum, through which it communicates with the spinal canal. It is surrounded by the occipital, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bones (Fig. 1.1). It is bounded in front by the dorsum sellae, the posterior part of the sphenoid body, and the clival part of the occipital bone; behind by the lower portion of the squamosal part of the occipital bone; and on each side by the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, the lateral part of the occipital bone, and above and behind by a small part of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone. Its intracranial surface is penetrated by the jugular foramen, internal acoustic meatus, hypoglossal canal, the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts, and several venous emissary foramina, all of which will be explored in greater detail. The upper surface of the cerebellum is separated from the supratentorial space by the tentorium cerebelli. Optimizing an operative approach to the posterior fossa requires an understanding of the relationships of the cerebellum, cranial nerves, brainstem, the cerebellar arteries, veins, and peduncles, and the complex fissures between the cerebellum and brainstem. The relationships of the fourth ventricle to the cerebellar surfaces and the fissures through which the ventricle is approached surgically are among the most complex in the brain. This section on the cerebellum and fourth ventricle will begin at the cerebellar surfaces and progress to the deeper neural structures.
A Possible Pathway of Phosphoinositide Metabolism Through EDTA‐Insensitive Phospholipase A1 Followed by Lysophosphoinositide‐Specific Phospholipase C in Rat Brain

Abstract— Incubation of [2‐3H]glycerol‐labeled phosphatidylinositol with a crude cytosol fraction of rat brain in the presence of EDTA yielded [3H]lysophosphatidylinositol predominantly without accumulation of labeled monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol. The pH optimum of this Phospholipase A activity was 8.0. The activity for phosphatidylinositol was twofold higher than for phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid were not hydrolyzed significantly under the conditions used. The phospholipase A activity for phosphatidylethanolamine was resolved in part from that for phosphatidylinositol by ammonium sulfate fractionation of the cytosol, indicating the existence of at least two forms of EDTA‐insensitive phospholipase A. The positional specificity of the phosphatidylinositol‐hydrolyzing activity was found to be that of a phospholipase A1, as radioactive lysophosphatidylinositol was produced from 1 ‐stearoyl‐2‐[1‐14C]arachidonyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoinositol without release of free arachidonate. A phospholipase C activity specific for lysophosphoinositides was found in a membrane fraction from rat brain, which was similar to that characterized in porcine platelets. The phospholipase C was demonstrated to hydrolyze the 2‐acyl isomer as well as the 1‐acyl isomer of lysophosphatidylinositol. Taken together, our results suggest a possible pathway through which phosphatidylinositol is selectively degraded to the 2‐acyl isomer of lysophosphatidylinositol in a Ca2+‐independeht manner, and subsequently converted to 2‐monoacylglycerol in rat brain.
Long term outcome of thermal anterior capsulotomy for chronic, treatment refractory depression

Background There is very limited evidence for the efficacy of any specific therapeutic intervention in chronic, treatment refractory major depression. Thermal anterior capsulotomy (ACAPS) is a rarely performed but established therapeutic procedure for this patient group. While benefit has been claimed, previous ACAPS reports have provided limited information. Detailed prospective reporting of therapeutic effects and side effects is required. Objective To report a prospective study of therapeutic effect, mental status, quality of life, social functioning and neurocognitive functioning in individuals with chronic treatment refractory major depression, treated with ACAPS. Method A prospective case series of 20 patients treated with ACAPS between 1992 and 1999 were reassessed at a mean follow-up of 7.0±3.4 years. Data were collected preoperatively and at long term follow-up. Structural MRI was performed in 14 participants. Results According to a priori criteria, at long term follow-up, 50% were classified as ‘responders’ and 40% as ‘remitters’. Fifty-five per cent were classified as ‘improved’; 35% were ‘unchanged’; and 10% had ‘deteriorated’. Neurocognitive and personality testing were not significantly different at follow-up. A trend towards improvement in some aspects of executive neuropsychological functioning was observed. Significant adverse effects were infrequent and there were no deaths. Conclusions ACAPS may represent an effective intervention for some patients with chronic, disabling, treatment refractory major depression that has failed to respond to other therapeutic approaches. The adverse effect burden within this population was modest, with no evidence of generalised impairment of neurocognitive functioning.
Influence of Particle Size upon the Retention of Particulate Matter in the Human Lung.

Measurement and calculation of deposition of china dust in various portions of respiratory tract by exhalation partitioning (measured by CO/sub 2/ content) are discussed. Data on retention of various sized dusts in upper respiratory or alveolar regions were converted to percent deposition curves. Upper respiratory deposition decreased from approx. 75% at 5 . mu.m to approx. 10% at 1.5 . mu.m. Alveolar deposition peaked (approx. 55%) at 1 . mu.m.