Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of the thermal boundary resistance between dissimilar lattices.

Continuum acoustics allows only three different phonons to be reflected and transmitted for each phonon that is incident on an interface between two materials. We show that a lattice-dynamical theory for dissimilar lattices allows more phonons to be generated at the interface since we must introduce a larger unit cell. Numerical examples are given for the thermal boundary conductivity between two fcc crystals. The additional high-frequency phonons are found to carry an appreciable amount of the reflected and transmitted heat.
Exploiting parallelism in decomposition methods for constraint satisfaction

Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) are NP-complete in general, however, there are many tractable subclasses that rely on the restriction of the structure of their underlying hypergraphs. It is a well-known fact, for instance, that CSPs whose underlying hypergraph is acyclic are tractable. Trying to deﬁne “nearly acyclic” hypergraphs led to the deﬁnition of various hypergraph decomposition methods. An important member in this class is the hypertree decomposition method, introduced by Gottlob et al. It possesses the property that CSPs falling into this class can be solved eﬃciently, and that hypergraphs in this class can be recognized efﬁciently as well. Apart from polynomial tractability, complexity analysis has shown, that both afore-mentioned problems lie in the low complexity class LOGCFL and are thus moreover eﬃciently parallelizable. A parallel algorithm has been proposed for the “evaluation problem”, however all algorithms for the “recognition problem” presented to date are sequential. The main contribution of this dissertation is the creation of an object oriented programming library including a task scheduler which allows the parallelization of a whole range of computational problems, fulﬁlling certain complexity-theoretic restrictions. This library merely requires the programmer to provide the implementation of several classes and methods, representing a general alternating algorithm, while the mechanics of the task scheduler remain hidden. In particular, we use this library to create an eﬃcient parallel algorithm, which computes hypertree decompositions of a ﬁxed width. Another result of a more theoretical nature is the deﬁnition of a new type of decomposition method, called Balanced Decompositions. Solving CSPs of bounded balanced width and recognizing such hypergraphs is only quasi-polynomial, however still parallelizable to a certain extent. A complexity-theoretic analysis leads to the deﬁnition of a new complexity class hierarchy, called the DC-hierarchy, with the ﬁrst class in this hierarchy, DC1 , precisely capturing the complexity of solving CSPs of bounded balanced width.
Optimizing the inventory allocation problem between automobile manufacturer and 4S stores

Most domestic automobile manufacturers always keep a great amount of inventories generally because of the expansion of production capacity. In order to cope with the problem, the automobile manufacturers attempt to transfer the inventory risk to 4S stores by the means of distributing the sales target to the 4S stores. This leads to a sharp increase in its 4S stores' inventories, and the game between the two sides on the inventory coefficient is getting more and more intense. Based on the obtained data through investigating self-owned brand automobile stores' inventory, this paper puts forward a feasible database-based optimization scheme first and then establishes a model respectively, to optimize the automobile manufacturers' decision for improving the inventory status of 4S stores and mitigating the channel conflict between the two sides.
Remote sensing image contrast and brightness enhancement based on Cuckoo search and DTCWT-SVD

This paper introduces a new contrast enhancement strategy based on Cuckoo Search and Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform-Singular Value Decomposition (DTCWT-SVD) applied on low contrast remotely sensed images. The local details of the image are first enhanced by using CLAHE and then DTCWT is applied which divides the image into various sub-bands and after that Cuckoo Search is applied which optimizes the sub-bands and lastly SVD is used which produces the singular value matrix of the decomposed image as any alteration to singular values changes the illumination of the input image. Then, we get an enhanced and optimized image which is sharper and brighter than before. The experimental analysis depicts the supremacy of the proposed method over conventional and state-of-the-art techniques in terms of Standard deviation, Mean, PSNR, MSE, RMSE and BER.
La cultura de los cuidados y las instituciones de salud en nuestros tiempos en Latinoamérica

3er Cuatrimestre 2013 • Ano XVII N. ° 37 9 La Cultura de los Cuidados y las Instituciones de Salud en Nuestros Tiempos en Latinoamerica Dinora Rebolledo Malpica Docente titular de la Universidad “Lisandro Alvarado” de Barquisimeto Venezuela Dra. Por la Universidad de Alicante (Programa: Enfermeria Y Cultura de los Cuidados”). Como citar esta editorial en edicion digital: Rebolledo Malpica, D. (2013) La Cultura de los Cuidados y las Instituciones de Salud en Nuestros Tiempos en Latinoamerica. Cultura de los Cuidados (Edicion digital) 17, 37. Disponible en: Correspondencia: Avenida las Palmas con Avenida Andres Bello Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud. Codigo Postal 3001, Barquisimeto (Venezuela). Correo electronico: dinorarebolledo@ucla.edu. ve
A specific fluorescence probe for hydrogen peroxide detection in peroxisomes

Abstracts Hydrogen peroxide is an important mediator in cell signalling and cell death. Apart from the mitochondrion the peroxisome is the most important cellular site for the generation and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes contain various oxidases, e.g. for the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, polyamines, and for the oxidation of urate, which form hydrogen peroxide. Widely-used chemical probes for the detection of hydrogen peroxide like dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) often lack in specificity and the possibility of compartment-specific measurement. To overcome these disadvantages, Belousov et al. developed the novel hydrogen peroxide sensitive fluorescent protein HyPer. In the present study the HyPer protein was fused with the PTS1 tag for a specific hydrogen peroxide detection in peroxisomes. The localization of the HyPer protein in the peroxisomes was confirmed by immunofluorescence and the functionality by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. The presented HyPer-Peroxi fluorescent protein is a valuable tool for studying hydrogen peroxide generation within the peroxisomes.
Mobile dental units: leasing or buying? A dollar-cost analysis.

INTRODUCTION The decision to acquire a mobile dental unit is based on a standard capital budgeting analysis. The next step is to determine whether to obtain the use of the mobile dental unit by borrowing and purchasing or by leasing. As a financing mechanism, leases are simply another way of borrowing money to pay for the asset. OBJECTIVE To compare lease vs. debt as financial vehicles to acquiring a mobile dental unit. METHODS An estimate for a new mobile unit was obtained. Lease and loan proposals from financial lenders were collected. A cost of capital rate was chosen for comparison. Cash flows associated with borrowing and leasing vs. buying were determined fortwo different scenarios: for profit (FP) vs. not-for-profit (NFP), at 5 years. A dollar-cost analysis was utilized to determine the option with the lowest capitalized value. RESULTS There was a net advantage to buying vs. leasing for both for FP and NFP organizations. Due to tax advantages, owning and leasing were substantially less expensive for FP than for NFP. Slight decreases in the monthly lease payments would make leasing competitive to the buying approach. CONCLUSION Exploring alternative financing vehicles may allow dental programs to expand their services through the acquisition of a mobile unit. Though programs generally own assets, it is the use of the asset which is important rather than the ownership. Dental programs can find leasing an attractive alternative by offering access to capital with cash-flow advantages.
Emerging drugs for squamous cell lung cancer

Introduction: The management of advanced NSCLC has been shifted by histology-driven treatment and molecularly targeted therapy, especially in lung adenocarcinoma. However, as the second most common histology in NSCLC, the treatment options for squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC) remain very limited. Areas covered: The review first discusses the role of histology in management of NSCLC and new cytotoxic agents in SQCLC, and then addresses genomic characterization and potential molecular targets in SQCLC. The article then provides an overview for several major categories of novel molecularly targeted therapies and immune-based strategies with particular attention to ongoing SQCLC trials. Expert opinion: The key challenges in drug development are to uncover novel actionable targets and to identify predictive biomarkers. Progress in genomic analysis has identified some promising targetable genes and oncogenic pathways in SQCLC with a wave of targeted agents being tested in clinical trials. Immunotherapy has also raised great interest in management of SQCLC, especially agents targeting immune check points, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed death-1 receptor and its ligands. Better understanding of tumor biology and development of novel targeted therapies will help to facilitate more effective personalized therapy for patients with this devastating illness.
Spectral resolution in conjunction with polar plots improves the accuracy and reliability of FLIM measurements and estimates of FRET efficiency

A spectrograph with continuous wavelength resolution has been integrated into a frequency‐domain fluorescence lifetime‐resolved imaging microscope (FLIM). The spectral information assists in the separation of multiple lifetime components, and helps resolve signal cross‐talking that can interfere with an accurate analysis of multiple lifetime processes. This extends the number of different dyes that can be measured simultaneously in a FLIM measurement. Spectrally resolved FLIM (spectral‐FLIM) also provides a means to measure more accurately the lifetime of a dim fluorescence component (as low as 2% of the total intensity) in the presence of another fluorescence component with a much higher intensity. A more reliable separation of the donor and acceptor fluorescence signals are possible for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements; this allows more accurate determinations of both donor and acceptor lifetimes. By combining the polar plot analysis with spectral‐FLIM data, the spectral dispersion of the acceptor signal can be used to derive the donor lifetime – and thereby the FRET efficiency – without iterative fitting. The lifetime relation between the donor and acceptor, in conjunction with spectral dispersion, is also used to separate the FRET pair signals from the donor alone signal. This method can be applied further to quantify the signals from separate FRET pairs, and provide information on the dynamics of the FRET pair between different states.
von Willebrand factor and atherosclerosis

2 Sloth-Nielsen J, Guldager B. Mouritzen C. Lund EB. Egeblad M. Nsrregaard 0. Jsrgensen SJ, Jelnes R. Arteriographic findings in EDTA chelation therapy on peripheral arteriosclerosis. Am I Surg 1991: 162: 122-5. 3 Guldager B. Brixen KT, Jsrgensen SJ, Nielsen HK. Mosekilde L. Jelnes R. Effects of intravenous EDTA treatment on serum parathyroid hormone (1-84) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Dun Med Bull 1993: 40: 627-30. 625-6.
Outcome in a post-cardiac surgery population with acute renal failure requiring dialysis: does age make a difference?

BACKGROUND Acute renal failure (ARF), requiring dialysis (ARF-d), develops in 1-5% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Age is one of the known risk factors for the development of ARF. As the ageing population is increasing, the nephrologist will be faced with a large population of elderly patients requiring dialysis following cardiac surgery. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of age on and the risk factors for in-hospital mortality. METHODS Eighty-two patients with ARF following cardiac surgery and requiring dialysis between January 1997 and October 2001 were included. Two groups of patients were studied: the younger population (<70 years, 42 patients, mean age 59+/-10) and an elderly population (>/=70 years, 40 patients, mean age 76+/-4). Severity of disease was evaluated using the SAPS (Simplified Acute Physiology Score), the Liano score and the SHARF (Stuivenberg Hospital Acute Renal Failure) score. RESULTS Overall mortality in the population with ARF-d was 56.1%. No difference in mortality rate was found between the younger (61.9%) and elderly patient group (50.0%). The two groups were very similar in baseline and procedural characteristics with exception of body weight (P=0.02) and preoperative glomerular filtration rate (P=0.0001). No significant difference was found in the scoring systems between the old and the young (SAPS P=0.52; Liano P=0.96; SHARF T0 P=0.06; SHARF T48 P=0.15). Mortality in the elderly was significantly correlated with hypotension before starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) (P=0.002), mechanical ventilation (P=0.002), presence of multiorgan failure (MOF) (P=0.0001) and higher scores in the severity models (SAPS: P=0.01; Liano: P<0.0001 and SHARF: P<0.0001). CONCLUSION The outcome in the elderly requiring dialysis due to ARF post-cardiac surgery is comparable with the outcome in a younger population. No significant difference was found in severity of disease between the elderly and the younger. Variables predicting mortality in the elderly are the presence of MOF, mechanical ventilation and hypotension 24 h before starting RRT. These findings indicate that at the time the nephrologist is called for an elderly patient requiring dialysis due to ARF following cardiac surgery, age per se is not a reason to withhold RRT.
Umaanálise Do Desempenho Da Indústria De Transformação Brasileira Nadécada De 1990: Ocorreu Um Processo De Desindustrialização?

The discussion about the deindustrialization process in the Brazilian economy gave rise to a series of diverging arguments about whether or not this process takes place in Brazil. With this in mind, this paper aims at analyzing the performance of the Brazilian transformation industry over the 1990s and then diagnose whether or not the deindustrialization process is in fact seen in the Brazilian economy. The current research was carried out by means of a systematic analysis of secondary data, which includes a literature and document review on the subject. Data from the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were used. It was concluded that the changes that took place in the Brazilian transformation industry over the period of 1990-1999 may not be characterized as an unquestionable deindustrialization process.
Suicide in peacekeepers--a cohort study of mortality from suicide in 22,275 Norwegian veterans from international peacekeeping operations.

OBJECTIVE Several studies have investigated post-traumatic stress reactions and other psychosocial problems in former peacekeepers. The question has also been raised as to whether such veterans might be at increased risk of suicide. This study investigated the suicide mortality in Norwegian former peacekeepers. METHODS Cause-specific mortality was identified in the population of Norwegian peacekeepers having participated in army missions in the years 1978-95. General population data were used for comparison. Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) were calculated for different suicide methods and certain peacekeeping-related variables. Marital status was available for each year and controlled for by using separate suicide rates for unmarried, married and divorced. RESULTS A moderately, but significantly, increased SMR of 1.4 for suicide was found among the former peacekeepers (95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.8). After adjusting for marital status, the SMR was reduced to insignificance (SMR = 1.1, 95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.4). There was a significant increase in suicide by means of firearms and carbon monoxide poisoning. CONCLUSIONS The increased risk of suicide in former peacekeepers was related to the peace-keepers' lower marriage rate compared to the general population. This finding may indicate that the personnel were characterized by certain vulnerability factors before entering peacekeeping service, resulting in a reduced ability to enter into and remain in stable love relations. However, it cannot be excluded that stress reactions following peacekeeping may have contributed to possible strains on interpersonal relationships. Preventative work should, thus, include improved personnel selection routines and preferably also psychosocial support for veterans and their families. The increased number of suicides by use of firearms indicates that gun control might be an important prevention measure in this group.
A fault-tolerant adaptive and minimal routing approach in 3-D meshes

We propose a sufficient condition for minimal routing in 3-dimensional (3D) meshes with fault nodes. Unlike many traditional models that assume all the modes know global fault distribution or just adjacent fault information, our approach is based on the concept of limited global fault information. First, we propose a fault model called faulted cube in which all faulty nodes in the system are contained in a set of faulty cubes. Fault information is then distributed to limited number of nodes while it is still sufficient to support minimal routing. The limited fault information collected at each node is represented by a vector called extended safety level. The extended safety level associated with a node can be used to determine the existence of a minimal path from this node to a given destination. Our results show that any minimal routing that is partially adaptive can be applied in our model as long as the destination node meets a certain condition. We also propose a dynamic planar adaptive routing scheme that offers better fault tolerance and adaptivity than the planar adaptive routing scheme in 3D meshes. Our approach is the first attempt to address adaptive and minimal routing in 3D meshes with faulty nodes using limited fault information.
TRANT — A Scalable Trace Analysis Toolset for Java

Understanding and analyzing what is going on in program runs is a common issue for researchers and tool builders. We present TRANT—a toolset for trace analysis of Java programs. TRANT allows for dynamic tracing of data dependencies; unlike other approaches, it allows for running Java programs in an unchanged form and has been designed from the ground up for scalability. Typical applications of TRANT include debugging support and finding candidates for parallelization, which are both illustrated in this paper.
CHA 2 DS 2-VASc can better predict short-term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Background: CHADS2 and CHA2 DS2-VASc scores are validated tools for assessing stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. We aimed to investigate the correlation of CHA2DS2-VASc and CHADS2 scores with short-term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in elderly patients. Methods: A total of 216 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation were enrolled in this study. Consecutive ischemic stroke patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who were hospitalized within 7 days after stroke were registered. Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of CHADS2 scores (0, l, 2 to 6) and CHA2DS2-VASc score (0, l, 2 to 9). And recovery was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months follow-up (mRS≤2 reflected good prognosis and mRS≥3 implicated unfavorable outcome). After screening the risk factors affecting prognosis using univariate analysis, the correlation of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores for short-term prognosis was estimated using Logistic regression model. Results: A total of 206 cases (95.3%) were included in the study. The groups with CHADS2 scores of 0, 1, and 2-6 points contained 31, 83, and 92 cases, respectively, while the groups with CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 0, 1, and 2-9 points had 22, 78, and 106 cases, respectively. There were 89 (43.2%) patients with good prognoses and 117 (56.8%) with poor prognoses. The proportion of high-risk group was significantly higher (P<0.01) while that of low-risk group significantly lower as stratified by CHA2DS2-VASc score than by CHADS2 scores (P<0.01). High-risk (≥2) CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores are both associated with 3-month poor functional outcomes (CHADS2: OR 2.85, 1.32-4.05; CHA2DS2-VASc: OR 3.24, 1.32-6.98) after adjusting for baseline differences in age, sex and neurological impairment. The CHA2DS2-VASc score is better than the CHADS2 score in estimating 3-month stroke outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: The CHA2DS2-VASc score appears to be a simple tool for identifying patients at lower risk of poor outcomes and serious cardiac complications within 3 months following ischemic stroke in patients with AF.
Melan A and S100 Protein Immunohistochemistry in Feline Melanomas: 48 Cases

Immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody to Melan A and a polyclonal antibody to S100 protein, was applied to 48 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of feline melanoma. Forty-two cutaneous, three oral, one mucocutaneous, and two metastatic melanomas comprised the tumors. Thirty-two tumors (67%) were positive for Melan A and 42 (87.5%) were positive for S100. All but one of the tumors that were positive for Melan A were also positive for S100. S100 was detected in 11 of 16 tumors that were negative for Melan A. Seventy-five percent (9 of 12) of amelanotic melanomas were negative for Melan A. Normal adrenal cortex, the cerebellum, and the skin had cells that were positive for Melan A. Sebaceous adenoma was the only nonmelanocytic tumor examined that reacted with antibody to Melan A. Although less sensitive than S100 protein, Melan A is more specific for melanoma and is useful in differentiating feline cutaneous melanoma from the more common pigmented basal cell tumor.
Activation and Inactivation Kinetics of Torpedo californica Acetylcholine Receptor in Reconstituted Membranes.

: By use of a quench-flow technique to measure tracer ion flux rates in a physiologically significant time domain, the kinetics of activation and inactivation of purified reconstituted acetylcholine receptor (AChR) were investigated. After solubilization in sodium cholate, purification by affinity chromatography, and reconstitution into soybean lipids, the AChR from Torpedo californica displayed a characteristically fast rate of ion influx measured with 86Rb+. At 4 degrees C 1 mM carbamoylcholine (Carb) stimulated a fast (t1/2 = 7 ms) first-order filling of vesicle internal volume that presented a 10(4)-fold stimulation of ion flux rate by Carb. The concentration dependence of activation was sigmoidal with a half-maximal value at 3 X 10(-4) M Carb. In the presence of Carb, the purified AChR also underwent a two-step inactivation (desensitization) process. Inactivation was measured by preincubating AChR with Carb for various times (milliseconds to minutes) and then measuring the 86Rb+ influx rate. The two inactivation processes were each characterized by a distinct maximum rate (5.3 and 0.10 s-1) and by a different dependence on Carb concentration. The slow phase of inactivation gave a half-maximal rate at 2.5 X 10(-4) M Carb, and the fast inactivation was half-maximal at 1.3 X 10(-3) M Carb. The concentration dependence curves for both inactivation processes were approximately hyperbolic. The results are discussed in terms of models that describe the relationship between ligand binding and the processes of channel activation and desensitization.