Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urban event detection with big data of taxi OD trips: A time series decomposition approach

Big urban mobility data, such as taxi trips, cell phone records, and geo‐social media check‐ins, offer great opportunities for analyzing the dynamics, events, and spatiotemporal trends of the urban social landscape. In this article, we present a new approach to the detection of urban events based on location‐specific time series decomposition and outlier detection. The approach first extracts long‐term temporal trends and seasonal periodicity patterns. Events are defined as anomalies that deviate significantly from the prediction with the discovered temporal patterns, i.e., trend and periodicity. Specifically, we adopt the STL approach, i.e., seasonal and trend decomposition using LOESS (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing), to decompose the time series for each location into three components: long‐term trend, seasonal periodicity, and the remainder. Events are extracted from the remainder component for each location with an outlier detection method. We analyze over a billion taxi trips for over seven years in Manhattan (New York City) to detect and map urban events at different temporal resolutions. Results show that the approach is effective and robust in detecting events and revealing urban dynamics with both holistic understandings and location‐specific interpretations.
An Investigation regarding the Action of Rubidium and Cæsium Salts compared with the Action of Potassium Salts on the Ventricle of the Frog's Heart

IT is generally held that chemical similarity indicates similarity in physiological and therapeutic action, but whilst this inference is to some extent true, yet some substances closely allied chemically differ from each other widely in physiological and therapeutic effect. For instance, the physiological action of potash salts differs greatly from the action of sodium salts; and it is well known that, therapeutically, chlorides cannot replace iodides nor either of these take the place of bromides. To further test the correspondence between chemical and physiological action I made some experiments with chloride of calcium, chloride of strontium and chloride of barium'. I have shown2 that a lime salt in the circulation is necessary to maintain the heart's contractility, but that when lime only is added to the circulating saline solution (sodium chloride *75 p.c.), the diastolic dilatation is greatly prolonged. The addition of a physiological quantity of a potassium salt will obviate this effect, and if to saline solution we add a suitable quantity of a lime and a potash salt and render the solution slightly alkaline with bicarbonate of soda we get a circulating fluid fit to maintain rhythmic contractions in the detached ventricle for many hours. Now I find that in all these respects strontium acts very similarly to lime, that it can indeed to a large extent replace lime. On the other hahd barium differs almost entirely from either calcium or strontium in its physiological action. Now these three elements form a group of which strontium is chemically more allied to lime than is barium. The physiological action therefore of these three substances corresponds to a great extent to what we should anticipate; except that we should expect barium to possess
Improving Health Care through Information: Research Challenges for Health Sciences Librarians

Research questions in health sciences libraries are influenced by the health care environment. Three fundamental problems underlie most research in health sciences librarianship: determining what therapies are effective and of good quality, delivering information when and where it is needed, and in forms that will increase its use. Adapting to sweeping changes in all kinds of libraries is made more complex because of equally challenging shifts in medical practice and consumer health. Developments in health information research will be advanced through collaboration across disciplines and between organizations.
The Classroom Check-Up: A Classwide Teacher Consultation Model for Increasing Praise and Decreasing Disruptive Behavior

Abstract. School-based consultation typically focuses on individual student problems and on a small number of students rather than on changing the classroom system. The Classroom Check-Up was developed as a classwide consultation model to address the need for classroom-level support while minimizing treatment integrity problems common to school-based consultation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of the Classroom Check-Up and visual performance feedback on teacher and student behavior. Results indicated that implementation of the Classroom Check-Up plus visual performance feedback increased teacher implementation of classroom management strategies, including increased use of praise, use of behavior-specific praise, and decreased use of reprimands. Further, these changes in teacher behavior contributed to decreases in classroom disruptive behavior. The results are encouraging because they suggest that consultation at the classroom level can create meaningful teacher and student behavior change.
Ein Drittel der 17-jährigen Jugendlichen in Deutschland treibt keinen Sport

Sport tragt zu einer besseren gesundheitlichen Konstitution bei. Sportliche Betatigung weiter Kreise der Bevolkerung konnte demnach uber den individuellen Nutzen hinaus positive gesundheitsokonomische und gesamtwirtschaftliche Effekte nach sich ziehen. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Berichtes steht die Analyse des Sportverhaltens von 17-jahrigen Jugendlichen - also von jungen Menschen an der Schwelle zum Erwachsenenalter. Die Analyse der vom DIW Berlin in Zusammenarbeit mit Infratest Sozialforschung erhobenen Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) zeigt, dass ein gutes Drittel aller 17-jahrigen Jugendlichen keinerlei Sport treibt. Wie nicht anders zu erwarten: Bei den Jungen ist das Fusballspielen die mit Abstand beliebteste Sportart; 20 % der 17-Jahrigen spielen Fusball in einem Verein. Bei den Madchen ist das Bild differenzierter, denn bei ihnen gibt es keine so starke Konzentration auf eine bestimmte Sportart. Bei ihnen steht als Wettkampfsportart Volleyball mit etwa 6 % an der Spitze.
Characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from U.S. troops deployed to the Middle East

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was a common cause of traveler's diarrhea in U.S. soldiers in the Middle East in 1989 and 1990. To determine which bacterial components would be useful in a vaccine, potential protective antigens (toxin, colonization factor antigen [CFA], and serotype) from 189 ETEC isolates were examined. Nearly half of the isolates expressed both ETEC toxins, 39% had only heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), and 17% had heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). CFA/I was the least common colonization factor antigen (11%), CFA/II was common (34%), as was CFA/IV (31%), and 24% expressed none of these CFAs. Fifty-seven O:H serotypes were found. Serotype O6:H16 was the most common, occurring in 29% of the ETEC isolates, usually with LT-ST and CFA/II. Generally, CFA/II was associated with expression of both toxins, CFA/IV was associated with expression of ST, and none of the CFAs was routinely found with LT. We conclude that ETEC from soldiers in the Middle East expressed a variety of antigens and that an effective vaccine will require multiple protective antigens.
Chronic stimulation of cultured neuronal networks boosts low-frequency oscillatory activity at theta and gamma with spikes phase-locked to gamma frequencies

Slow wave oscillations in the brain are essential for coordinated network activity but have not been shown to self-organize in vitro. Here, the development of dissociated hippocampal neurons into an active network with oscillations on multi-electrode arrays was evaluated in the absence and presence of chronic external stimulation. Significant changes in signal power were observed in the range of 1–400 Hz with an increase in amplitude during bursts. Stimulation increased oscillatory activity primarily in the theta (4–11 Hz) and slow gamma (30–55 Hz) bands. Spikes were most prominently phase-locked to the slow gamma waves. Notably, the dissociated network self-organized to exhibit sustained delta, theta, beta and gamma oscillations without input from cortex, thalamus or organized pyramidal cell layers.
Clinical analysis of percutaneous facet screw fixation after anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

OBJECT The authors performed a retrospective study to evaluate the results of percutaneous facet screw fixation (PFSF) after anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) in comparison with the gold standard, post-ALIF pedicle screw fixation (PSF). METHODS Of 84 patients treated for degenerative spondylolisthesis or degenerative disc disease at the authors' institution, 44 underwent PFSF (Group 1) and 40 underwent PSF (Group 2 [control population]) after ALIF. Function was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scoring system, and outcome was measured using the Macnab criteria. At 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, dynamic lateral (flexion-extension) radiography and computerized tomography scanning were conducted to evaluate the osseous union status. After a minimum follow-up period of 2 years, analysis showed no intergroup statistical difference in terms of ODI score and Macnab outcome criteria (p > 0.05). Excellent or good outcome was obtained in 40 (90.9%) of the 44 patients in Group 1 and 37 (92.5%) of the 40 patients in the control Group 2 (p > 0.05). No patient required a blood transfusion in either group. At 24 months after surgery fusion rates were 95.8% in Group 1 and 97.5% in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS The results of PFSF following ALIF appear to be clinically equivalent to those achieved after PSF, and the procedure represents a safe and minimally invasive modality with which to achieve solid fusion in the lumbar spine.
Order from the Order: How a Spatiotemporal Genetic Program Is Encoded in a 2-D Genetic Map of the Bacterial Chromosome

In this article, we sketch out a holistic methodology used for exploring how the genetic program is encoded in a 2-D genetic map of a bacterial chromosome. We argue that the major problem resides in the conceptual integration of the two logically distinct types of information encoded in the chiral double-helical DNA polymer. This integration is accomplished by mapping the genetic function on the genomic sequence organisation and therefore is potentially applicable to any chromosome. The vast generalisation achieved by this approach necessarily ignores exquisite details, yet it is fundamental in providing comprehensive methodology for exploring the role of the DNA sequence organisation in harnessing genetic information and sustaining biological order.
Das österreichische Abgabensystem – Reformperspektiven

Ein zentrales Ziel einer Reform des osterreichischen Abgabensystems sollte die Verbesserung der Abgabenstruktur sein. Dies bedeutet die Umschichtung des gesamten Abgabenvolumens weg von bestimmten Steuerbasen (Entlastung) hin zu anderen Steuerbasen (und damit auch deren hohere Besteuerung). Die starkere Besteuerung bestimmter Steuerbasen sollte nicht nur der Erschliesung kurzfristiger Gegenfinanzierungspotentiale zur Kompensation von Steuerausfallen dienen. Vielmehr sollte das Leitprinzip einer zukunftsfahigen Steuerpolitik sein, aufbauend auf einer Vision fur ein "Abgabensystem 2025" in einem langerfristigen Stufenplan die gesamte Abgabenlast schrittweise umzuschichten. Kern einer Abgabenstrukturreform ist eine Verringerung der hohen Abgabenbelastung des Faktors Arbeit vor allem fur niedrige und mittlere Arbeitseinkommen, die im Rahmen eines okosozialen Abgabenreformkonzeptes kompensiert wird durch die Anhebung von Umweltsteuern und bestimmten vermogensbezogenen Steuern sowie den Abbau von steuerlichen Ausnahmen vor allem in der Einkommen- und der Umsatzsteuer. Unabhangig von der Abgabenstruktur kann die Abgabenquote umso starker gesenkt werden, je mehr es gleichzeitig gelingt, Einsparungspotentiale auf der Ausgabenseite zu realisieren, die parallel zur Senkung der Abgaben auf den Faktor Arbeit die Ausgabenquote verringern.
Association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Chinese population.

BACKGROUND A relationship between periodontitis and chronic respiratory disease has been suggested by recent studies. The aim of this study is to explore the association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a Chinese population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 581 COPD cases and 438 non-COPD controls. Lung function examination, a 6-minute walk test, and the British Medical Research Council questionnaire were performed. Periodontal clinical examination index included probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PI), and alveolar bone loss. A validated index for predicting COPD prognosis, the body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index, was also calculated. RESULTS Participants with more severe COPD were more likely to have severe periodontal disease. PD, AL, PI, alveolar bone loss, and the number of teeth were significantly associated with all stages of COPD (all P <0.001). When compared to controls (BODE = 0), participants with higher BODE scores had significantly higher AL (P <0.001), BI (P = 0.027), PI (P <0.001), alveolar bone loss (P <0.001), and the number of teeth (P <0.001). PI appeared to be the main periodontal health-related factor for COPD, with an odds ratio (OR) = 9.01 (95% CI = 3.98 to 20.4) in the entire study population OR = 8.28 (95% CI = 2.36 to 29.0), OR = 5.89 (95% CI = 2.64 to 13.1), and OR = 2.46 (95% CI = 1.47 to 4.10) for current, smokers, and non-smokers, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study found a strong association between periodontitis and COPD, and PI seemed to be a major periodontal factor for predicting COPD among Chinese adults.
Multi-bound tree search for logic-geometric programming in cooperative manipulation domains

Joint symbolic and geometric planning is one of the core challenges in robotics. We address the problem of multi-agent cooperative manipulation, where we aim for jointly optimal paths for all agents and over the full manipulation sequence. This joint optimization problem can be framed as a logic-geometric program. Existing solvers lack several features (such as consistently handling kinematic switches) and efficiency to handle the cooperative manipulation domain. We propose a new approximate solver scheme, combining ideas from branch-and-bound and MCTS and exploiting multiple levels of bounds to better direct the search. We demonstrate the method in a scenario where a Baxter robot needs to help a human to reach for objects.
The imaging and modelling of the physical processes involved in digestion and absorption

The mechanical activity of the gastro‐intestinal tract serves to store, propel and digest food. Contractions disperse particles and transform solids and secretions into the two‐phase slurry called chyme; movements of the intestine deliver nutrients to mucosal sites of absorption, and from the submucosa into the lymphatic and portal venous circulation. Colonic motor activity helps to extract fluid and electrolytes from chyme and to compound and compact luminal debris into faeces for elimination. We outline how dynamic imaging by ultrasound and magnetic resonance can demonstrate intestinal flow processes critical to digestion like mixing, dilution, swelling, dispersion and elution. Computational fluid mechanics enables a numerical rendition of the forces promoting digestion: pressure and flow fields, the shear stresses dispersing particles or the effectiveness of bolus mixing can be calculated. These technologies provide new insights into the mechanical processes that promote digestion and absorption.
Vennootschapsbelasting: de positie van België in het verruimde Europa

In deze studie bekijken we de positie van Belgie in termen van de vennootschapsbelastingdruk in het verruimde Europa. De belastinghervorming in Belgie van 2002 verlaagde de officiele aanslagvoet van 40,17% in 1993 naar 33,99%. Hierdoor zakte Belgie naar de achtste plaats in de rangschikking van de EU25 volgens dalende vennootschapsbelasting. Toch blijft Belgie na de hervorming in de top vijf van de landen met de hoogste feitelijke belastingdruk in de EU25 in 2003. Dit betekent dat de Belgische feitelijke belastingdruk in 2003 nog ongeveer 3% punten boven het EU25-gemiddelde uitsteekt en de officiele aanslagvoet nog 7,1% hoger ligt dan het EU25-gemiddelde. Door een strategie van enerzijds verlaging van het officiele tarief maar anderzijds een verbreding van de belastbare basis, blijft de feitelijke belastingdruk voor grote vennootschappen in Belgie nagenoeg ongewijzigd sinds 1993. Bovendien vinden we dat de buurlanden van de nieuwe lidstaten een snellere daling in hun officiele aanslagvoet kenden dan niet-buren. Met andere woorden de directe buurlanden van Oost-Europa ondervinden meer belastingconcurrentie en staan onder meer druk om hun belastingtarief te verlagen sinds de toetreding van de nieuwe lidstaten tot de EU. Op die manier is er geografisch gezien momenteel een ‘centrum-periferie’ ontstaan waarbij de centrum landen in de EU25 een hogere ‘belastingpremie’ blijven vragen van ongeveer 15% punten tegenover de meer periferische landen.
Coulomb blockade oscillations in biological ion channels

The conduction and selectivity of calcium/sodium ion channels are described in terms of ionic Coulomb blockade, a phenomenon based on charge discreteness, an electrostatic exclusion principle, and stochastic ion motion through the channel. This novel approach provides a unified explanation of numerous observed and modelled conductance and selectivity phenomena, including the anomalous mole fraction effect and discrete conduction bands. Ionic Coulomb blockade and resonant conduction are similar to electronic Coulomb blockade and resonant tunnelling in quantum dots. The model is equally applicable to other nanopores.
Dynamics of a Highly Viscous Circular Blob in Homogeneous Porous Media

Viscous fingering is ubiquitous in miscible displacements in porous media, in particular, oil recovery, contaminant transport in aquifers, chromatography separation, and geological CO2 sequestration. The viscosity contrasts between heavy oil and water is several orders of magnitude larger than typical viscosity contrasts considered in the majority of the literature. We use the finite element method (FEM)-based COMSOL Multiphysics simulator to simulate miscible displacements in homogeneous porous media with very large viscosity contrasts. Our numerical model is suitable for a wide range of viscosity contrasts covering chromatographic separation as well as heavy oil recovery. We have successfully captured some interesting and previously unexplored dynamics of miscible blobs with very large viscosity contrasts in homogeneous porous media. We study the effect of viscosity contrast on the spreading and the degree of mixing of the blob. Spreading (variance of transversely averaged concentration) follows the power law t 3 . 34 for the blobs with viscosity ∼ O ( 10 2 ) and higher, while degree of mixing is found to vary non-monotonically with log-mobility ratio. Moreover, in the limit of very large viscosity contrast, the circular blob behaves like an erodible solid body and the degree of mixing approaches the viscosity-matched case.
Efficient selection of access control systems through multi criteria analytical hierarchy process

Access control is the process by which the system grants or denies a request made to it, by the user, for the data it maintains. Often the systems providing the services are open ended and face the access control dilemma. If the beneficiaries of the system are too restricted, then the servicing nature of the system loses flexibility. Otherwise the system with lenient access control policy posses threats to the existence of the system itself. As a remedy several access control models like ACL, DAC, MAC, RBAC and other have been proposed and each of which comes with its own baggage of pros and cons. These models protect only the data against unauthorized access until some access decision is made. On the other hand as the computer systems advance, they present new challenges and the traditional access models do not respond to them effectively. In this paper we have analyzed the existing access control models, compared them and finally provided the statistical criteria for selecting the best model depending upon the users' needs and requirements.
Cadmium toxicity and treatment: An update

Cadmium poisoning has been reported from many parts of the world. It is one of the global health problems that affect many organs and in some cases it can cause deaths annually. Long-term exposure to cadmium through air, water, soil, and food leads to cancer and organ system toxicity such as skeletal, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous, and respiratory systems. Cadmium levels can be measured in the blood, urine, hair, nail and saliva samples. Patients with cadmium toxicity need gastrointestinal tract irrigation, supportive care, and chemical decontamination traditional-based chelation therapy with appropriate new chelating agents and nanoparticle-based antidotes. Furthermore it has been likewise recommended to determine the level of food contamination and suspicious areas, consider public education and awareness programs for the exposed people to prevent cadmium poisoning.
Evaluation of early post-transplant leukocyte recovery using the undiluted erythrocyte lysing technique.

The undiluted erythrocyte lysing technique was evaluated to see if it provides more accurate total leukocyte counts and differential leukocyte counts of severely leukopenic blood samples, in order to detect the onset of hematopoietic recovery after stem cell transplantation. Leukocyte counts using the conventional automated cell counting technique were found to be inaccurate, especially in blood samples with total leukocyte counts < 500/microl. In cases where the difference between results by the two methods was >100/microl, a positive correlation was found between the difference value and the blood reticulocyte count (r = 0.39, p = 0.002). Hematopoietic recovery after stem cell transplantation in a group of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was different from that of non-CML groups. In the CML group, the initial leukocyte counts were higher and the number of days until neutrophil recovery was higher than in the non-CML groups. Also, the day on which the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) exceeds 100/microl could serve as an indicator of neutrophil recovery. This study shows that the undiluted erythrocyte lysing technique can be used to count leukocytes accurately, especially in severely leukopenic samples. This new method can detect neutrophil recovery at ANC > 100/microl, as well as at an earlier date than the conventional method.
The effect of hypoxia on capillary endothelial cell function: modulation of barrier and coagulant function

Summary. As the cells forming the luminal vascular surface, endothelium is exposed to alterations in the vascular microenvironment, such as hypoxaemia. In this report we demonstrate that hypoxia, with pO2 as low as 12–14 mmHg, was not toxic to endothelium, but reversibly modulated central cellular functions essential for maintenance of homeostasis: permeability of monolayers to solutes increased in a dosedependent manner, and cell surface coagulant properties were shifted to promote activation of coagulation. The anticoagulant cofactor thrombomodulin was suppressed and an apparently novel activator of factor X, distinct from the classical extrinsic and intrinsic systems, was induced. The hypoxia‐induced factor X activator was cell surface‐associated, had properties of a cysteine protease, had Mr corresponding to ∼ 100 kDa. based on sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and isoelectric point (pI) ∼ 5.0. These findings indicate that hypoxia dynamically modulates endothelial function providing insights into the contribution of microvascular endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions.