Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Biceps Brachii Tendon Disorders

The Long Head of Biceps originates at the supraglenoid tubercle and the superior glenoid labrum. It inserts distally, along with the short head of the biceps, onto the radial tuberosity, with an attachment to the fascia of the medial forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.The site of the LHB origin from the glenoid labrum is variable; in most cases, it arises either mostly posterior or completely posterior [55.4% and 27.7%, respectively]. Type I lesions are treated with conservative debridement of the frayed labrum. Type II lesions are repaired using a single-anchor, double-suture technique. Type III lesions are treated by initial resection of the unstable bucket-handle labral fragment, followed by inspection of the biceps anchor attachment for stability. Type IV lesions are treated as type III lesions unless the biceps tendon split is severe. When more than approximately 30% of the tendon is included with the displaced labral tear one must consider either repairing the tendon , or releasing it and repairing the labrum as with a type II SLAP , or performing a biceps tenodesis . the decision depends on the age and activity level of the patient and the condition of the remainder of the biceps tendon.
Review the Progress of the Compensation System for Ecological and Environmental Damage in China

The establishment of the Compensation System for Ecological and Environmental Damage is the key implementation content of the "Ecological Civilization" strategies in China. The purpose of the Ecological and Environmental Damage Compensation System is to break the dilemma of "environmental priceless, no claim for compensation", "corporate pollution, government paying". It is a feasible method to comprehensively remedy China's damaged environment by imposing negotiation and litigation against liable parties that engaged in environmental pollution and ecological destruction. The reform began in 2015. In recent years, the reform has been trailed in the mainland of China. Some provinces have promulgated their local version of an implementation plan and formed regulations about it. Many cases have been done in practice. This paper purports to introduce the practice of the Ecological and Environmental Damage Compensation System in China, analyze the problems disclosing from the trailed implementation, such as insufficient judicial support for claimants, absence of procedural legislation and unclear relationship with other public interest litigation. Meanwhile, the paper also proposes three suggestions to improve the Ecological and Environmental Damage Compensation System: restoration priority principle in negotiation; limited applicable scope; procuratorates’ performing legal supervision duties.
From Virtual Strangers to IRL Friends: Relationship Development in Livestreaming Communities on Twitch

Accounts of the social experience within livestreaming channels vary widely, from the frenetic “crowdroar” offered in some channels to the close-knit, “participatory communities” within others. What kinds of livestream-ing communities enable the types of meaningful conversation and connection that support relationship development, and how? In this paper, we explore how personal relationships develop within Twitch, a popular livestreaming service. Interviews with 21 pairs who met initially within Twitch channels illustrate how interactions originating in Twitch’s text-based, pseudonymous chat environment can evolve into close relationships, marked by substantial trust and support. Consistent with Walther’s hyperpersonal model [76], these environments facilitate self-disclosure and conversation by reducing physical cues and emphasizing common ground, while frequent, low-stakes interaction allow relationships to deepen over time. Our findings also highlight boundaries of the hyperpersonal model. As group size increases, participants leverage affordances for elevated visibility to spark interactions; as relationships deepen, they incorporate complementary media channels to increase intimacy. Often, relationships become so deep through purely computer-mediated channels that face-to-face meetings become yet another step in a continuum of relationship development. Findings from a survey of 1,367 members of Twitch communities demonstrate how the suitability of these spaces as venues for relational interaction decreases as communities increase in size. Together, these findings illustrate vividly how hyperpersonal interaction functions in the context of real online communities. We consider implications for the design and management of online communities, including their potential for supporting “strong bridges,” relationships which combine the benefits of strong ties and network bridges.
Evaluation of Clinical outcomes of Generic versus Reference Ivabradine in Heart Failure Patients

Economic benefits associated with the usage of generic drugs have been suggested to increase patients' adherence to their medications and to improve patients' health outcomes. However, the therapeutic equivalence of certain generic products to their branded counterparts has been questioned. Our study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of generic and branded ivabradine in adult patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (≤40%) (HFrEF). This was a randomized, open-label, crossover, and two-period comparative study. A total of 32 patients with HFrEF were randomized into two groups. Group A received brand ivabradine® for 12 weeks followed by generic ivabradine for the next 12 weeks. Group B received generic ivabradine for 12 weeks followed by brand ivabradine for the next 12 weeks with no washout period. The efficacy outcomes included resting heart rate (HR), New York Heart Association Functional Classification (NYHA FC), Quality of life (QoL) using Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLWHF), and ejection fraction (EF). After taking the drugs for the first 12 weeks, no statistically significant difference was detected in all efficacy outcomes between Group A and Group B. After crossover and taking drugs for a further 12 weeks, similar results were obtained. Only minor side effects, mainly phosphenes were observed in both products. No mortality was demonstrated in both groups. This study showed no statistically significant difference between the generic and brand ivabradine in terms of efficacy and safety. The results suggest that generic ivabradine can be a safe substitute for branded ivabradine for economic reasons.
Status of Diadromous Fish Species in the Restored East Hammar Marsh in Southern Iraq

—A total of 31 fish species belonging to 14 families were collected from the restored East Hammar marsh from October 2005 to September 2006 using seine net, electrofishing gear, fixed gill net, and dip net. Eleven marine diadromous species were caught, representing 35.5% of the total number of species, which is similar to the fish assemblage of the Shatt Al-Arab River during the 1970s and 1980s. Marine diadromous species in the East Hammar marsh were divided into a resident group, including only one species (greenback mullet Liza subviridis), a seasonal group represented by three species (hilsa Tenualosa ilisha, moustached thryssa Thryssa mystax, and dusky frillgoby Bathygobius fuscus), and an occasional group consisting of seven species (yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus, spotted scat Scatophagus argus, sobaity seabream Sparidentex hasta, Klunzinger’s mullet L. klunzingeri, mud skipper Boleophthalmus dussumieri, long billed half beak Rhynchorhamphus georgii, and ocellated sole Brachirus orientalis). These species were all derived from the Arabian Gulf. Marine fish comprised 15.8% of the total catch of which hilsa was the most abundant comprising 10.1%, followed by moustached thryssa (3.8%) and greenback mullet (1.6%), of the total catch. Water temperature showed positive correlations with both number and total catch of marine species. The marine assemblage in the East Hammar marsh consisted of small-sized (juvenile) individuals. Hilsa fed mostly on alga and diatoms; greenback mullet on diatoms, higher plants, and organic materials; Klunzinger’s mullet on diatoms and organic materials; moustached thryssa on insects, shrimps, and fish; desky frillgoby on shrimps and fish; and yellowfin seabream on shrimps and insects. The presence of marine fish species has major effects on the seasonality and levels of ecological indices (richness, diversity, and evenness) of the fish assemblages in the East Hammar marsh. The restored East Hammar marsh has regained its original biological role as a nursery as well as a forage ground for marine
The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Corporate Performance : Evidence from Palestine

DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020. 5.6. 647 Vol 5 | Issue 6 | December 2020 1 Abstract — The main objective of current study is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate financial performance of 34 from 48 companies listed on Palestine Exchange (PEX) over the period of 2012-2018. Pulic’s method “Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC)” is utilized to measure the Intellectual Capital (IC), and three of traditional accounting tools involving; return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), and earning per share (EPS) ratios is used as a proxy of firm financial performance. The findings of Panel data model show that human capital efficiency (HCE) is consider as the most effective element of intellectual capital in the issue of value creation than structural capital and capital employed. Moreover, VAIC shows a good relationship with financial performance represented by return on assets (ROA). In conclusion, Palestinian listed companies are still weakly used its intellectual capital' potentials in create value.
Theoretical analysis and empirical manifestation of the distortion theorem

Abstract The distortion theorem is analyzed by the use of the Bond Valence Model for the case of an isolated coordination polyhedron with bonds of different lengths. It is shown that a correlation should exist between the average bond length increase and the mean-square deviation of individual bond lengths from the average one, at least for nonstrained crystal structures. It is proved that the correlation parameters are strongly dependent on a mode of distortion (symmetry of coordination environment). These conclusions are in general and sometimes in quantitative agreement with available experimental data, although in most cases the distortion of coordination polyhedra results from a variety of factors of chemical, geometric and electronic origin. It is assumed that an observed correlation between the average bond distance and the distortion degree may be taken as a measure of relative role of intrinsic bond strengths and influence of crystalline environment.
Network models for changing degree distributions of functional brain networks

: The purpose of this study was to investigate degree distributions of functional brain networks. Particular functional brain networks were constructed from the fMRI measurements of three groups of participants namely, young healthy participants, elderly healthy participants and elderly participants with Alzheimer disease. Functional brain networks were constructed for three diﬀerent correlation thresholds of voxel activity correlated over time. We have noticed that the character of degree distribution changes when the value of correlation threshold decreases. In order to explain the degree distribution changes with the changes of value of correlation threshold, we created two diﬀerent, yet related network models. The crucial factor both models contain is an increasing noise as the voxel activity correlation threshold is lowered, which in our models corresponds to an increase of the number of random correlations between the voxels – nodes of the functional network. The models account for how initially scale-free character of the degree distribution changes as the correlation threshold is lowered based on the processes of network growth and edge addition. The two models diﬀer in the manner of preferential and random edge addition while the second model is a reﬁnement of the ﬁrst one. On average, the second model leads to a better quantitative match with the data. To our knowledge, such functional brain network models, which take into account the correlation threshold as an independent variable have not been introduced before.
Reinforcement Learning for Diverse Visuomotor Skills

—This paper proposes a model-free deep reinforcement learning method that leverages a small amount of demonstration data to assist a reinforcement learning agent. By applying this approach to robotic manipulation tasks and train end-to-end visuomotor policies that map directly from RGB camera inputs to joint velocities. Demonstrating the approach can solve a wide variety of visuomotor tasks, for which engineering a scripted controller would be laborious. The reinforcement and imitation agent achieves significantly better performances than agents trained with reinforcement learning or imitation learning alone. The working principles and training by using reinforcement and imitation learning is discussed in this paper.
Optical rotatory dispersion of crystals

Many formulae have been proposed to express the rapid increase of the rotatory power of quartz with diminishing wavelength. These consist mainly of terms of the Drude type, namely ρ=∑rQrλ2−λr2,, and require a large number of constants to fit the measurements in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum. It is shown in this paper that the entire range of data from the visible to the remote ultra-violet is accurately represented by the following simple formula ρ=kλ2(λ2−λ02)2,, where ĸ= 7.19, and λ0=0. 0926283μ. A theoretical interpretation of the formula is given on the basis of a coupled oscillator model. It is suggested that the rotatory power of quartz arises primarily as a result of an interaction in the nature of a resonance between the similar polarizable units constituting the crystal. This type of interaction causes a splitting of the characteristic frequencies of each individual unit, and the expression for the rotatory power is consequently of the quadratic form. Formulae are also given for sodium chlorate, cinnabar and benzil, all of which, like quartz, are optically active only in the crystalline state. The applicability of the quadratic formula to these cases is discussed.
Population density modeling of mixed polymorphic phenotypes: an application of spatial mark-resight models

Melanism is a form of pigmentation polymorphism where individuals have darker colouration than what is considered the “wild” phenotype. In the case of leopards, Panthera pardus, melanism occurs at higher frequencies amongst populations in tropical and subtropical moist forests of south and southeast Asia, presenting a unique challenge in estimating and monitoring these populations. Unlike the wild phenotype that is readily recognizable by its rosette patterns, melanism results in individuals being unidentifiable or ‘unmarked’ through photographic captures obtained using white flash cameras. Spatial mark-resight (SMR) models that require only a subset of the population to be ‘marked’ offer the opportunity to estimate population density. In this study, we present an application of SMR models to estimate leopard densities using camera trap survey data from three sampling years at Manas National Park (MNP), India. By using an SMR model that allowed us to include captures of unidentified sightings of marked individuals, we were also able to incorporate captures where identity was either not confirmed or only known from a single flank. Following 18,674 trap-days of sampling across three years, we obtained 728 leopard photo-captures, of which 22.6% (165) were melanistic. We estimated leopard densities of 4.33, 2.61 and 3.37 individuals/100km2 across the three years. To our best knowledge, these represent the first known estimates of leopard densities from populations comprising both melanistic and wild phenotypes. Finally, we highlight that SMR models present an opportunity to revisit past camera trap survey data for leopards and other species such as Jaguars, P. onca, that exhibit phenotypic polymorphism towards generating valuable information on populations.
Revealing tissue-specific metabolic crosstalk after a myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) promotes a range of systemic effects, many of which are unknown. Here, we investigated the alterations associated with MI progression in heart and other metabolically active tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose) in a mouse model of MI (induced by ligating the left ascending coronary artery) and sham-operated mice. We performed a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis on tissue samples obtained 6- and 24-hours post MI or sham operation. By generating tissue-specific biological networks, we observed: (1) dysregulation in multiple biological processes (including immune system, mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty-acid beta-oxidation, and RNA and protein processing) across multiple tissues post MI; and (2) tissue-specific dysregulation in biological processes in liver and heart post MI. Finally, we validated our findings in independent MI cohorts, using both bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data. Overall, our integrative analysis highlighted both common and specific biological responses to MI across a range of metabolically active tissues.
Tele Nuclear Medicine: Optimizing Delivery of Nuclear Medicine Services

Despite having proven to be greatly useful modality in making early and accurate diagnostic and clinical management decisions among patients from different specialities of modern medicine such as oncology, cardiology, neurology, endocrinology etc., the adoption and utilization of nuclear medicine facilities, particularly in developing countries, has been delayed and slow. The main reasons for this under-utilization are the high costs of the required equipment and lack of specialized trained manpower in nuclear medicine. Telenuclear medicine can provide an effective solution to these problems and enable not only an easy, cost effective access and utilization of nuclear medicine for consultation and diagnostic purposes, but also play a great role in furthering the knowledge, skill and training in field of nuclear medicine, especially in developing countries with limited resources. However, for a successful implementation of tele-nuclear medicine, a basic understanding of its requirements, applications, quality control, regulatory and legal issues is required.
Phytoavailability of Some Micronutrients (Zn and Cu), Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd), and Yield of Rice Affected by Sewage Sludge Perennial Application

A study was conducted as a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications to test sewage sludge (SS) influence on yield and phytoavailability of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) by rice. The results indicated that fertilizer (main factor) and application periods (subfactor) affected studied traits. Three years of application of 40 ton ha−1 SS + 50% chemical fertilizer (CF) gave the greatest paddy yield. The greatest Cu uptake by grain (10.38 ppm) occurred with 3 years application of 20 ton ha−1 SS. With application of 40 ton ha−1 SS + 50% CF, the greatest contents of Cd in root and Pb in shoots were recorded. The greatest accumulations of Cd in shoot and Zn in grain (30.56 and 25.81 ppm, respectively) were determined with the 20 ton ha−1 SS treatment, as well. The greatest concentrations of Pb and Cd in grain (102.2 and 14.78 ppm, respectively) and Pb in root (552.2 ppm) were obtained with 3 years of application of 40 ton ha−1 SS + 50% CF.
Noise and the Frontier of Quantum Supremacy

Noise is the defining feature of the NISQ era, but it remains unclear if noisy quantum devices are capable of quantum speedups. Quantum supremacy experiments have been a major step forward, but gaps remain between the theory behind these experiments and their actual implementations. In this work we initiate the study of the complexity of quantum random circuit sampling experiments with realistic amounts of noise. Actual quantum supremacy experiments have high levels of uncorrected noise and exponentially decaying fidelities. It is natural to ask if there is any signal of exponential complexity in these highly noisy devices. Surprisingly, we show that it remains hard to compute the output probabilities of noisy random quantum circuits without error correction. More formally, so long as the noise rate of the device is below the error detection threshold, we show it is #P-hard to compute the output probabilities of random circuits with a constant rate of noise per gate. This hardness persists even though these probabilities are exponentially close to uniform. Therefore the small deviations away from uniformity are hard to compute, formalizing an important intuition behind Google's supremacy claim. Interestingly these hardness results also have implications for the complexity of experiments in a low-noise setting. The issue here is that prior hardness results for computing output proba-bilities of random circuits are not robust enough to imprecision to connect with the Stockmeyer argument for hardness of sampling from circuits with constant fidelity. We exponentially improve the robustness of prior results to imprecision, both in the cases of Random Circuit Sampling and BosonSampling. In the latter case we bring the proven hardness within a constant factor in the exponent of the robustness required for hardness of sampling for the first time. We then show that our results are in tension with one another - the high-noise result implies the low-noise result is essentially optimal, even with generalizations of our techniques.
Lightweight authenticated quantum key distribution protocols with key recycling

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been developed for decades and several different QKD protocols have been proposed. But two difficulties limit the implementation of most QKD protocols. First, the involved participants are required to have heavy quantum capabilities, such as quantum joint operation, quantum register, and so on. Second, a hypothetical authenticated classical channel is used in most of the existing QKD protocols and this assumed channel does not exist in reality. To solve both the above limitations at the same time, this study proposes three lightweight authenticated QKD protocols with key recycling and shows these proposed protocols are robust under the collective attack.
A Computational Framework for Slang Generation

Abstract Slang is a common type of informal language, but its flexible nature and paucity of data resources present challenges for existing natural language systems. We take an initial step toward machine generation of slang by developing a framework that models the speaker’s word choice in slang context. Our framework encodes novel slang meaning by relating the conventional and slang senses of a word while incorporating syntactic and contextual knowledge in slang usage. We construct the framework using a combination of probabilistic inference and neural contrastive learning. We perform rigorous evaluations on three slang dictionaries and show that our approach not only outperforms state-of-the-art language models, but also better predicts the historical emergence of slang word usages from 1960s to 2000s. We interpret the proposed models and find that the contrastively learned semantic space is sensitive to the similarities between slang and conventional senses of words. Our work creates opportunities for the automated generation and interpretation of informal language.