Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WORKING AT THE SOCIAL-CLINICAL-COMMUNITY-CRIMINOLOGY INTERFACE : THE GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY INMATE STUDY

This article describes our attempt to import social-personality theory and research on moral emotions and moral cognitions to applied problems of crime, substance abuse, and HIV risk behavior. Thus far, in an inmate sample, we have evidence that criminogenic beliefs and proneness to guilt are each predictive of re-offense after release from jail. In addition, we have evidence that jail programs and services may reduce criminogenic beliefs and enhance adaptive feelings of guilt. As our sample size increases, our next step is to test the full mediational model, examining the degree to which programs and services impact post-release desistance via their effect on moral emotions and cognitions. In addition to highlighting some of the key findings from our longitudinal study of jail inmates over the period of incarceration and
Estimation en ligne de paramètres de machines électriques pour véhicule en vue d'un suivi de la température de ses composants

Afin de rendre competitifs les vehicules hybrides ou tout electriques, l'amelioration des performances des machines electriques embarquees est primordiale. Dans cette optique, le travail presente s'interesse en particulier a l'estimation en ligne des variations de temperature au sein d'une machine synchrone a aimants permanents. De ce fait, nous proposons d'estimer les parametres physiques dependants de la temperature, a savoir la resistance des enroulements et le flux des aimants. La connaissance des variations de temperature ou de ces parametres permet en effet d'eviter une degradation des performances en adaptant le controle en couple et de mettre en place une surveillance thermique autorisant notamment une meilleure disponibilite de la machine, sans risque d'endommagement. Pour repondre a ce double objectif, nous proposons deux observateurs de parametres bases sur une modelisation realiste de la machine. Nous etablissons donc, en premier lieu, un modele electrique du moteur qui tient compte de possibles differences entre signaux mesures et exacts et garantit la robustesse des observateurs aux parametres mecaniques. Un algorithme d'identification hors ligne des parametres est propose pour valider le modele. Puis, base sur ce modele realiste, les deux observateurs proposes, dit de Luenberger et de Kreisselmeier, estiment respectivement, suivant certaines conditions d'observabilite, le flux et la position pour le premier et un ou plusieurs parametres parmi la resistance, le flux et l'inductance pour le second. Ces observateurs n'utilisent que les mesures de courant et de tension, ainsi qu'une mesure de position pour l'observateur de Kreisselmeier. Des etudes theoriques et en simulation sont menees pour valider le fonctionnement des observateurs et apprehender au mieux leurs reglages. En particulier, nous presentons une etude evaluant l'impact du bruit de mesure sur l'observateur de Luenberger afin d'ameliorer sa robustesse au bruit sur une large plage de regime. Finalement, l'implementation des observateurs sur differents bancs d'essais fournit des resultats prometteurs, tant pour l'estimation des parametres que pour la faisabilite d'estimer les variations de temperature.
Cloning of the yl Locus of Maize , a Gene lnvolved in the Biosynthesis of Carotenoids

The y7 gene is one of the genes responsible for the production of P-carotene in the endosperm and leaves of maize. We have cloned a Robertson's Mutator-tagged allele of the y7 gene (y7-mum) by using a Mu3 element as a hybridization probe. We substantiate that the cloned sequence is a portion of the y7 gene by molecular analyses of a revertant of a putative Mutator-induced y7 allele and the incidence of insertions within the cloned y7 sequence from several independently derived Mutator-induced y7 mutant stocks. The y7-mum sequence was used to isolate the standard Y7 allele, which conditions the presence of P-carotene in the endosperm of the maize kernel.
Micro-responses to Shocks: Pricing, Promotion, and Entry

We study the response of markets to a firm-specific shock in a natural experiment setting. In 2006, a boycott of Danish products in several Arab countries was devastating for Danish cheese firms. In Saudi Arabia their market share collapsed from 16.5% in January to less than 1% in March and never fully recovered: it was 6.3% in 2009. By analyzing micro-level (scanner) price and expenditure data we find that (i) Danish firms lowered prices but kept the product mix the same; (ii) non-Danish firms kept prices constant but changed their product mix by introducing new products and new product bundles; and (iii) non-Danish firms chose to introduce products that were identical to the Danish in order to compete head-to-head. The finding that Danish firms adjusted to the negative demand shock through the intensive margin and non-Danish to the positive through the extensive is hard to reconcile with existing pricing theories or theories on multi-product firms. We offer two potential explanations that can help reconcile our findings with existing models.
Structures of Proline Utilization A (PutA) Reveal the Fold and Functions of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Superfamily Domain of Unknown Function*

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) catalyze the NAD(P)+-dependent oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids and are important for metabolism and detoxification. Although the ALDH superfamily fold is well established, some ALDHs contain an uncharacterized domain of unknown function (DUF) near the C terminus of the polypeptide chain. Herein, we report the first structure of a protein containing the ALDH superfamily DUF. Proline utilization A from Sinorhizobium meliloti (SmPutA) is a 1233-residue bifunctional enzyme that contains the DUF in addition to proline dehydrogenase and l-glutamate-γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase catalytic modules. Structures of SmPutA with a proline analog bound to the proline dehydrogenase site and NAD+ bound to the ALDH site were determined in two space groups at 1.7–1.9 Å resolution. The DUF consists of a Rossmann dinucleotide-binding fold fused to a three-stranded β-flap. The Rossmann domain resembles the classic ALDH superfamily NAD+-binding domain, whereas the flap is strikingly similar to the ALDH superfamily dimerization domain. Paradoxically, neither structural element performs its implied function. Electron density maps show that NAD+ does not bind to the DUF Rossmann fold, and small-angle X-ray scattering reveals a novel dimer that has never been seen in the ALDH superfamily. The structure suggests that the DUF is an adapter domain that stabilizes the aldehyde substrate binding loop and seals the substrate-channeling tunnel via tertiary structural interactions that mimic the quaternary structural interactions found in non-DUF PutAs. Kinetic data for SmPutA indicate a substrate-channeling mechanism, in agreement with previous studies of other PutAs.
Spectrum Sensing of OFDM Signals over Multipath Fading Channels for Cognitive Radios

OFDM symbols are used in this research as it is a popular transmission technology in cognitive radio networks and also utilized to improve the reliability of spectrum sensing of secondary users. However spectrum sensing over multipath fading channels remains an important and challenging issue. This paper proposes a new scheme i.e., optimal NP detector for spectrum sensing using cyclic prefix to improve detection performance. This approach involves multipath fading channels and classical NP detector. To detect OFDM signal of Primary Users (PU) the log likelihood ratio(LLR) test is formulated by using the correlation characteristics of the redundancy of cyclic prefix. In this paper according to the analytical results the likelihood ratio of received samples is equivalent to their log likelihood function (LF) plus the LR of an Energy detector. Since many unknown parameters need to be resolute, a practical generalized log likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and Channel Independent GLRT are presented to achieve good performance over multipath fading channels. Simulation results of proposed detectors compared with the state-of-the-art detectors.
Bases neurales de la représentation de soi chez le primate non-humain grâce à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf)

L'objectif de cette these est d'identifier les bases neurales de la representation de soi chez le primate non-humain, par une approche d'imagerie par resonnance magnetique fonctionnelle. Nous avons pour cela etudie la convergence multimodale 1) a l'echelle de l'aire par la description de la cartographie du sillon intraparietal dans un contexte de stimulations auditives, tactiles et visuelles et 2) a l'echelle du cerveau entier ou nous decrivons precisement les sites de convergence visuo-tactile au niveau cortical. Nous avons egalement etudie le phenomene d'integration multisensorielle dans un contexte visuo-tactile dynamique, pour lequel nous montrons que les effets comportementaux (etude psychophysique menee chez l'homme) et le reseau d'activations cortical sont maximises quand le stimulus visuel predit le stimulus tactile plutot que lors de leur presentation simultanee. Enfin, nous avons etudie la representation de l'espace en caracterisant les bases neurales de l'espace proche et de l'espace lointain a partir d'un dispositif experimental naturaliste et nous montrons l'existence de deux reseaux corticaux qui traitent separement les informations appartenant a l'espace proche et a l'espace lointain
The role of annexins in tumour development and progression

The annexins are a super‐family of closely related calcium and membrane‐binding proteins. They have a diverse range of cellular functions that include vesicle trafficking, cell division, apoptosis, calcium signalling and growth regulation. Many studies have shown the annexins to be among the genes whose expression are consistently differentially altered in neoplasia. Some annexins show increased expression in specific types of tumours, while others show loss of expression. Mechanistic studies relating the changes in annexin expression to tumour cell function, particularly tumour invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance, are now also emerging. Changes in the expression of individual annexins are associated with particular types of tumour and hence the annexins may also be useful biomarkers in the clinic. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Producer Response to Public Disclosure of Food‐Safety Information

Beginning in 2003, the USDA s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) embarked on a series of changes to the regulations regarding testing of chicken carcasses for Salmonella and permissible test outcomes. In particular, FSIS announced in 2003 that regulations would soon change; tightened the standard in 2006, and publicly reported the names of plants with poor performance starting in 2008. This article examines the effects of this series of regulatory changes on Salmonella test outcomes for young-chicken slaughter plants. We find that, while public disclosure of information improved Salmonella test outcomes, the effects were relatively homogeneous across well-performing and poorly-performing plants. The announcement of pending regulatory change in 2003 had a strong effect on the poorest-performing plants. We conclude that buyers failure to fully unravel information about chicken plants and other market mechanisms (such as contractual requirements) may have driven the somewhat surprising results. Acknowledgement :
Comparison of the Estimated Cost-Effectiveness of Preventive and Therapeutic Zinc Supplementation Strategies for Reducing Child Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background Zinc supplementation of young children in lower-income countries reduces morbidity from diarrhea and pneumonia and all-cause mortality, but the most cost-effective approach for distributing zinc supplements is unknown. Objective To examine the potential impact of four possible strategies for delivering zinc supplements on disease prevention and deaths averted among children 6 to 59 months of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We analyzed different zinc supplementation strategies to assess their likely impact on morbidity and mortality of preschool children in sub-Saharan Africa and to estimate their possible costs. Results Preventive zinc supplementation reduces diarrhea incidence by 27% among children 12 to 59 months of age, pneumonia incidence by 21% among children 6 to 59 months of age, and all-cause mortality by 18% among children 12 to 59 months of age. The likely average total program costs of zinc supplementation programs were estimated from the outlays of existing service delivery platforms, such as child health days, community-based nutrition programs, and clinic-based treatment of diarrhea, assuming different levels of coverage and target age ranges of children. Conclusions We found that the average total costs per life saved ranged from approximately US$462 to US$3,111, and the most cost-effective interventions were weekly or intermittent preventive zinc supplementation, because of the possibility of high coverage and fewer supplements required. Empirical data from zinc supplementation programs will be needed to confirm these estimates.
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV from Bench to Bedside: An Update on Structural Properties, Functions, and Clinical Aspects of the Enzyme DPP IV

Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP IV) is a cell-surface protease belonging to the prolyloligopeptidase family. It selectively removes the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides with proline or alanine in the second position. Apart from its catalytic activity, it interacts with several proteins, for instance, adenosine deaminase, the HIV gp120 protein, fibronectin, collagen, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and the tyrosine phosphatase CD45. DPP IV is expressed on a specific set of T lymphocytes, where it is up-regulated after activation. It is also expressed in a variety of tissues, primarily on endothelial and epithelial cells. A soluble form is present in plasma and other body fluids. DPP IV has been proposed as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for various tumors, hematological malignancies, immunological, inflammatory, psychoneuroendocrine disorders, and viral infections. DPP IV truncates many bioactive peptides of medical importance. It plays a role in glucose homeostasis through proteolytic inactivation of the incretins. DPP IV inhibitors improve glucose tolerance and pancreatic islet cell function in animal models of type 2 diabetes and in diabetic patients. The role of DPP IV/CD26 within the immune system is a combination of its exopeptidase activity and its interactions with different molecules. This enables DPP IV/CD26 to serve as a co-stimulatory molecule to influence T cell activity and to modulate chemotaxis. DPP IV is also implicated in HIV-1 entry, malignant transformation, and tumor invasion. Referee: Dr. Albert Adam, Faculté de Pharmace, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard—Montpetit, CP succursale Centreville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
Cholesterol crystals induce inflammatory cytokines expression in a human retinal pigment epithelium cell line by activating the NF-κB pathway.

PURPOSE To investigate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in ARPE-19 cells after stimulation with cholesterol crystals. METHODS APRE-19 cells were cultured, primed with IL-1α, and treated with cholesterol crystals under different concentrations. Inflammatory cytokines (mature-IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in supernatant and inflammatory cytokines (pro-IL-1β, IL-18) in cell lysate were detected by western blot. The NF-κB pathway inhibitor BAY 11-7082 was used to determine the pathway of cytokine expression. RESULTS Cholesterol crystals did not induce the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, but did increase pro-IL-1β expression in ARPE-19 cells. Cholesterol crystals increased pro-IL-1β expression by activating the NF-κB pathway. Cholesterol crystal activation of the NF-κB pathway also leads to increased IL-6 and IL-8 expression. CONCLUSION Cholesterol crystals can induce inflammatory cytokine expression in ARPE-19 cells by activating the NF-κB pathway.
An improved term weighting scheme for vector space model

Document representation has been the fundamental issue in the information retrieval (IR). However, the traditional vector space model (VSM) has data sparseness phenomena on the representation of document vectors, and cannot well discriminate the expression competence to the document content of indexing terms in different positions. This paper proposes an improved term weighting method by introducing information gain of terms while taking above factors into account. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the new scheme improves the performance of VSM in IR in terms of higher recall and precision.
Cardiovascular mortality in children and young adults with end-stage kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE To analyze cardiovascular death in a national end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective, observational study with data from the US Renal Data Systems analyzed 1380 deaths from 1990 to 1996 among patients who started ESRD therapy as children and died before 30 years of age. RESULTS Percentage of cardiac deaths (n = 311) varied by age and was higher among black patients (0-4 years, 36%; 5-9 years, 18%; 10-14 years, 35%; 15-19 years, 22%; 20-30 years, 32%) than white patients (18%, 12%, 17%, 14%, and 23%, respectively). Among black patients, cardiac deaths occurred in 11% of transplant recipients, 34% of dialysis patients, and among white patients 9% and 25%, respectively. Black patients were 1.6 times more likely to die of a cardiac death (P <.001) than white patients. Transplant recipients had 78% lower risk of cardiac death than dialysis patients (odds ratio = 0.22; P =.0001). The cardiac death rate among dialysis patients was 21.4 per 1000 patient-years in black patients compared with 20.5 in white patients. Transplantation cardiac death rates were lower in black patients, 2.1 per 1000 patient-years, and 1.3 in white patients. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular death accounts for 23% of pediatric and young adult ESRD deaths. Black patients and dialysis patients are at higher risk of a cardiac death compared with white patients and transplant recipients. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors associated with cardiovascular death in patients with ESRD.
Photoacoustic tomography of micro-blood vessels in tissue mimicking phantom

In order to get the photoacoustic(PA) image of micro-blood vessel deep inside tissue-mimicking phantom. A 532nm pulse laser with repetition rate of 10Hz was used as the pumping source. A wide band unfocused needle ultrasound transducer was used to collect time-domain PA signal of micro-blood vessels inside tissue-mimicking phantom by circular scan. The spatial resolution was measured by full width at half maximum(FWHM) of line-spread-function(LSF). The 2D optical absorption image was reconstructed by time-domain spherical back projection algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that the spatial resolution was 0.1mm and the PA image of the micro-vascular network agreed well with the tissue-mimicking phantom. The method demonstrated the potential feasibility of photoacoustic tomography in micro-vascular network imaging inside soft tissue.
Cognitive Auditory Evoked Potentials in Investigation of Hearing Discrimination

Preattentive perception of occasional deviating stimuli in the stream of standard stimuli can be recorded with cognitive event-related potential (ERP) mismatch negativity (MMN). The earlier detection of stimuli at the auditory cortex can be examined with N1 and P2 ERPs. The MMN recording does not require co-operation, it correlates with perceptual threshold, and even complex sounds can be used as stimuli. The aim of this study was to examine different aspects that should be considered when measuring discrimination of hearing with ERPs. The MMN was found to be stimulusintensity-dependent. As the intensity of sine wave stimuli was increased from 40 to 80 dB HL, MMN mean amplitudes increased. The effect of stimulus frequency on the MMN was studied so that the pitch difference would be equal in each stimulus block according to the psychophysiological mel scale or the difference limen of frequency (DLF). However, the blocks differed from each other. The contralateral white noise masking (50 dB EML) was found to attenuate the MMN amplitude when the right ear was stimulated. The N1 amplitude was attenuated and, in contrast, P2 amplitude was not affected by contralateral white noise masking. The perception and production of vowels by four postlingually deafened patients with a cochlear implant were studied. The MMN response could be elicited in the patient with the best vowel perception abilities. The results of the studies show that concerning the MMN recordings, the stimulus parameters and recording procedure design have a great influence on the results.
Evaluation of the diagnostic role of p63 immunostaining in aspiration cytology by smear or cell block preparation for the characterisation of breast lesions.

INTRODUCTION Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent cancer among Indian women and the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide with over 1.3 million new cases per year. There is a wide variation in the geographical burden of the disease with the highest incidences seen in the more developed regions of the world and the lowest incidences observed in the least developed regions. India is undergoing a period of dramatic social and economic change. Cancer is now the second leading cause of death in Indians after cardiovascular disease. Amongst women, cervical cancer is still the most frequently iagnosed cancer but breast cancer is now the EVALUATION OF THE DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF P63 IMMUNOSTAINING IN ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY BY SMEAR OR CELL BLOCK PREPARATION FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF BREAST LESIONS
Predictive Formulas for Yield of Cheese from Composition of Milk: A Review

Abstract Various yield formulas are described or developed where cheese is considered as a three-phase system of fat, para-casein, and water and water solubles. Type A formulas distribute moisture, whey solids, and salt proportionally to both para-casein and fat in cheese. Type B formulas include whey solids and salt with the para-casein and distribute moisture proportionally to fat and fat-free cheese. Type C formulas include whey solids, salt, and moisture only with para-casein. Type E formulas are those based on actual cheese making. Types A, B, and C formulas were developed from the basic yield formula of yield equaling recovered fat plus complex of recovered para-casein and calcium phosphate plus cheese whey solids plus cheese moisture. It would appear that they could be applied to most varieties of cheese. However, research is needed to verify constants in predictive formulas under commercial conditions. The formulas include whey solids as a separate factor, which is necessary when moisture in cheese varies. The formulas were adapted to include a "solute-exclusion" factor for that portion of moisture bound to para-casein that does not contain whey solids. The merits of targets of constant moisture in cheese versus constant moisture in the fat-free cheese are discussed; the latter is desirable for quality and for sensory considerations when the casein: fat ratio in milk is not constant, particularly for reduced fat variants of cheese varieties. Type A and type B formulas use moisture; those of type C use moisture in fat-free cheese. Predictive yield formulas from milk composition are discussed for application in industrial or experimental cheese making. They can serve as targets for yield, as a base in expressing actual yields as percentage of theoretical yield, and for application in multiple component pricing of milk.