Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of water activity and storage of tahini on the viability of stressed Salmonella serovars

Tahini or sesame seed pastries are consumed widely in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean countries as a dip, salad dressing or as a main ingredient in many ready-to-eat foods such as halva and hummus (Osaili & Al-Nabulsi, 2016). Tahini contains 57-65% fat, 23-27% protein,6.4-9% carbohydrate and 1% moisture (Abu-Jdayil et al., 2002) and has a low water activity (aw) (average aw is 0.16) with a shelf life at room temperature of 1 year (Osaili et al., 2016). Tahini can pose a microbial risk to consumer heath as it has been involved in several salmonellosis outbreaks. In 2002 and 2003, imported tahini contaminated with Salmonella Montevideo was responsible for three outbreaks in New Zealand and Australia (Unicomb et al., 2005). In 2011, hummus and tahini contaminated with S. Bovismorbificans were associated with a multistate outbreak in the US (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Also, in 2013 an illness outbreak linked to Salmonella serovar contamination of tahini was documented in the US (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Recently, another two salmonellosis outbreaks linked to tahini which infected a total of 11 persons were reported in the US in 2018 and 2019 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018, 2019).
Effects of Torso Pitch Motion on Energy Efficiency of Biped Robot Walking

Gait pattern generation has an important influence on the walking quality of biped robots. In most gait pattern generation methods, it is usually assumed that the torso keeps vertical during walking. It is very intuitive and simple. However, it may not be the most efficient. In this paper, we propose a gait pattern with torso pitch motion (TPM) during walking. We also present a gait pattern with torso keeping vertical (TKV) to study the effects of TPM on energy efficiency of biped robots. We define the cyclic gait of a five-link biped robot with several gait parameters. The gait parameters are determined by optimization. The optimization criterion is chosen to minimize the energy consumption per unit distance of the biped robot. Under this criterion, the optimal gait performances of TPM and TKV are compared over different step lengths and different gait periods. It is observed that (1) TPM saves more than 12% energy on average compared with TKV, and the main factor of energy-saving in TPM is the reduction of energy consumption of the swing knee in the double support phase and (2) the overall trend of torso motion is leaning forward in double support phase and leaning backward in single support phase, and the amplitude of the torso pitch motion increases as gait period or step length increases.
Investigation of global nitrate from the AeroCom Phase III experiment

An assessment of global nitrate and ammonium aerosol based on simulations from nine models participating in the AeroCom Phase III study is presented. A budget analyses was conducted to understand the typical magnitude, distribution, and diversity of the aerosols and their precursors among the models. To gain confidence on model performance, the model results were evaluated with various observations globally, including ground station measurements over North America, Europe, and East Asia for tracer concentrations and dry and wet depositions, as well as with aircraft measurements in the Northern Hemisphere mid-high latitudes for tracer vertical distributions. Given the unique chemical and physical features of the nitrate occurrence, we further investigated the similarity and differentiation among the models by examining: (1) the pH-dependent NH 3 wet deposition; (2) the nitrate formation via heterogeneous chemistry on the surface of dust and sea-salt particles; and (3) the nitrate coarse mode fraction (i.e., coarse/total). It is found that HNO 3 , which is simulated explicitly based on full O 3 –HO x –NO x –aerosol chemistry by all models, differs by up to a factor of 9 among the models in its global tropospheric burden. This partially contributes to a large difference in NO 3 − , whose atmospheric burden differs by up to a factor of 13. Analyses at the process level show that the large diversity in atmospheric burdens of NO 3 − , NH 3 , and NH 4 + is also related to deposition processes. Wet deposition seems to be the dominant process in determining the diversity in NH 3 and NH 4 + lifetimes. It is critical to correctly account for contributions of heterogeneous chemical production of nitrate on dust and sea-salt, because this process overwhelmingly controls atmospheric nitrate production (typically > 80 %) and determines the coarse and fine mode distribution of nitrate aerosol.
The Queen’s Gambit: Explaining the Superstar Effect Using Evidence from Chess

Superstars exist in classrooms and workplaces. On the one hand, superstars might intimidate others, forcing their peers to exert less effort. On the other hand, superstars might encourage others because their participation in a competition encourages everybody to “step up” their game. In this study, we analyze direct and indirect effects of a superstar on their peers using evidence from chess. We find that the direct superstar effect is always negative, but the indirect superstar effect depends on the intensity of the superstar. If the skill gap between the superstar and the rest is small, there is a positive peer effect. However, when the skill gap is large, the indirect effect is negative.
Review Study on the Measurement Tools of Scoliosis: Mainly on Non-radiological Methods

College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University
Perspective: Geometrically-Frustrated Assemblies

This perspective will overview an emerging paradigm for self-organized soft materials, {\it geometrically-frustrated assemblies}, where interactions between self-assembling elements (e.g. particles, macromolecules, proteins) favor local packing motifs that are incompatible with uniform global order in the assembly. This classification applies to a broad range of material assemblies including self-twisting protein filament bundles, amyloid fibers, chiral smectics and membranes, particle-coated droplets, curved protein shells and phase-separated lipid vesicles. In assemblies, geometric frustration leads to a host of anomalous structural and thermodynamic properties, including heterogeneous and internally-stressed equilibrium structures, self-limiting assembly and topological defects in the equilibrium assembly structures. The purpose of this perspective is to 1) highlight the unifying principles and consequences of geometric frustration in soft matter assemblies, 2) to classify the known distinct "modes" of frustration and review corresponding experimental examples, and 3) to describe outstanding questions not yet addressed about the unique properties and behaviors of this broad class of systems.
A Dynamic Joint Angle Measurement Device for an Active Hand Rehabilitation System

Traditional methods of measuring a joint angle are neither repeatable nor accurate and cannot instantly display, record, and upload the data onto a cloud drive. These mechanisms require development if they are to be used to evaluate rehabilitation programs. This pilot study aim is to create a simple dynamic joint angle measurement system and develop a hand rehabilitation application for stroke users using small and sensitive 3-axis accelerometers. Using Bluetooth communication technology, an electrogoniometer is developed to measure the free range of motion of lower limb joints and automatically send and save all data on to a cloud drive. The reliability of the proposed device is evaluated by comparison with a commercial electrogoniometer. Five healthy youth subjects and five health elderly subjects are involved in the evaluation process for this pilot study. The accuracy and repeatability of the proposed device are tested using Bland–Altman plots and linear correlation analysis. Measurements that were made by the proposed device and a commercial electrogoniometer are shown to be comparable and repeatable, as confirmed by Bland–Atman plots. There is also a very high degree of linear correlation (R2 > 0.99 for all joint angle measurements) between the lower limb joint angles that are measured using both devices. In conclusion, a portable, highly accurate and repeatable device was designed to be used for clinical assessment and for rehabilitation application that gives increased motivation to the user.
Illuminating the intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of ecological stability across scales

Funding information: British Ecological Society, Grant/Award Number: TT19/1029; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Grant/Award Number: JPMJCR13A2; Irish Research Council, Grant/Award Number: GOIPG/2018/3023; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Grant/Award Number: 19H05641; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant/Award Numbers: 16H04846, JP20J10699.
Effect of Selenium on the growth and Cadmium accumulation of tomato seedlings in low temperature and low light

In this study, we used two tomato cultivars ‘Medium Vegetable 4’ and ‘Middle Mix 9’ as materials, applying Na2SeO3 to the soil to study the effect of external Selenium (Se) on the growth and Cadmium (Cd) accumulation under low temperature (18/12 °C, day/night) and low light (100 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1). Results show that Se can significantly reduce the Cd accumulation in root, leaf and stem and promote the development of tomato under Cd stress. Under low temperature, Se can enhance cold tolerance through increasing the chlorophyll content, POD activity, soluble sugar and soluble protein content and decreasing the MAD content of two cultivars. Our study provides direction for tomato cultivation under low temperature and low light.
Age- and size-corrected kicking speed and accuracy in elite junior soccer players

ABSTRACT Kicking powerfully and accurately is essential in soccer, and players who kick proficiently with both feet are highly sought after. Assessing performance in youth players is often confounded by more physically developed players outperforming their smaller peers. To alleviate such bias, we present a testing protocol and normative data developed with an elite Brazilian soccer academy that controls for players’ age and size to assess kick performance with both feet. We measured kick speed and kick accuracy of 178 players and recorded their age (10–20 years), height, and mass. Combining age, height, and mass into an age and size index (ASI), we developed equations describing the relationship between ASI and performance. To determine the underlying predictors of performance, we also measured sprint ability and soccer-specific motor control of each foot with ball dribbling tasks. Kicking speed with the dominant foot was predicted by ASI, sprint speed, and motor control of the nondominant foot, while kicking speed with the nondominant foot was predicted by ASI and motor control of the nondominant foot. Kick accuracy with each foot was predicted by ASI and motor control of the corresponding foot. To improve kicking performance, we suggest training programs focus on motor control.
Hyperiid amphipods distribution between the central coast and oceanic islands off Chile, southeastern Pacific

The composition, distribution, and abundance of hyperiid amphipods collected in the oceanographic cruise between the central coast and oceanic islands of Chile in the southeastern Pacific were analyzed. Thirty-four genera and 54 species were identified, grouped into two infraorders and 16 families. The presence of Hemityphis tenuimanus Claus 1879, and Laxohyperia vespuliformis Vinogradov & Volkov 1982, expands its geographical distribution as new records for the southeastern Pacific. According to the founded species, spatial distribution, and the bodies of water present in the study area, Chile’s central region would be a transition zone for species originating from the Magellan Province (Subantarctic water) and the Peru-Chile Province (Subtropical water).
It Is Your Decision to Date Interracially: The Influence of Family Approval on the Likelihood of Interracial/Interethnic Dating

Although attitudes toward interracial romantic relationships (IRRs) have generally improved over the years, many Americans still disapprove of their family members being in IRRs. Prior studies have examined correlates of individual-level attitudes about interracial romance, but less is known about whether family members’ attitudes are directly associated with young people’s decisions to date interracially. Using data collected from 790 romantically involved college students at two large public four-year universities, we find that young adults who believe their siblings, parents, and grandparents approve of IRRs have greater odds of dating interracially. Compared to Whites, Blacks and Hispanics are more likely to be interracially involved but their decision to do so is much less dependent on the approval of their parents and grandparents. We also find young adults are more likely to date interracially if they have five or more relatives with IRR experience themselves. The findings and their implications are discussed.
Wie häufig werden Diagnosen aus dem Bereich der sexuellen Funktionsstörungen an deutschen Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie an psychologischen Instituten vergeben?

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Sexuelle Funktionsstörungen gelten als häufig. Gleichzeitig fehlen epidemiologische Daten zur Behandlungsprävalenz sexueller Funktionsstörungen in der ambulanten Psychotherapie. Im Rahmen eines Projekts zur Koordination der Datenerhebung an den deutschen Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie wird erstmals eine Schätzung für dieses Behandlungssegment möglich. Forschungsziele Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Darstellung der festgestellten F52-Diagnosen an deutschen Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie an psychologischen Instituten. Methoden 16 Hochschulambulanzen für Erwachsene übermittelten ausgewählte Daten zur Eingangsdiagnostik ihrer Patient_innen (N = 4 504; M Alter = 37.87; SD = 13.47; Altersbereich = 15 bis 86 Jahre; 65.3 % weiblich) aus dem Jahr 2016. In der hier vorgestellten Studie wird spezifisch die Häufigkeit der Vergabe von Diagnosen aus dem ICD-Kapitel F52 analysiert. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurde in 32 Fällen (0.7 %) die Diagnose einer sexuellen Funktionsstörung vergeben, in acht Fällen (0.2 %) als Hauptdiagnose. In 31 Fällen (96.9 %) waren auch komorbide Störungen gegeben, hauptsächlich Angststörungen (34.4 %) und affektive Störungen (53.1 %). Unter den Hauptdiagnosen war der nichtorganische Vaginismus (n = 3) der häufigste Grund, eine psychotherapeutische Hochschulambulanz eines psychologischen Instituts aufzusuchen. Die Häufigkeit von F52-Diagnosen in den 16 Ambulanzen schwankte zwischen 0 % und 1.2 %, und acht der 16 Ambulanzen vergaben überhaupt keine F52-Diagnosen. Schlussfolgerung Die Werte in der vorliegenden Behandlungsstichprobe erscheinen vor dem Hintergrund der Prävalenzdaten aus Bevölkerungsstudien als auffällig niedrig. Hierfür können neben methodischen und studienspezifischen Gründen auch Aspekte der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung sowie Beurteilungsfehler bei der Diagnosevergabe verantwortlich sein.
Perceived Fit and User Behavior in Activity-Based Work Environments

While activity-based working is gaining popularity worldwide, research shows that workers frequently experience a misfit between the task at hand and their work setting. In the current study, experience sampling data were used to examine how perceived fit in activity-based work environments is related to user behavior (i.e., the use of work settings and setting-switching). We found that workers’ perceived fit was higher when they used closed rather than open work settings for individual high-concentration work. Furthermore, more frequent setting-switching was related to higher perceived fit. Unexpectedly, however, this relation was observed only among workers low in activity-switching. These findings indicate that user behavior may indeed be relevant to creating fit in activity-based work environments. To optimize workers’ perceived fit, it seems to be particularly important to facilitate and stimulate the use of closed work settings for individual high-concentration work.
Twenty-eight Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Sediments of Dianchi Lake and its Estuaries, China

Twenty-eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface sediments collected from Dianchi Lake were analyzed. The objective was to provide a better understanding of the contamination levels, distributions, possible sources and environmental risk of PCBs. In the aquatic environment, PCBs were found ubiquitously. The concentrations of the total 28 PCBs ranged from 160 to 78,200 ng kg –1 dry weight. The contamination levels and distributions of PCBs among the samples were obviously different. The concentrations of PCBs decreased with the increase in distance from the sampling sites which were located in the northwest of Dianchi basin. Inflowing rivers carrying a large amount of untreated wastewater from industries were the major contributors to the high residual concentrations of PCBs. The main components of PCBs were tetrachlorobiphenyl (9.3 − 63.6%, mean: 30.8%), trichlorobiphenyl (8.7 − 49.3%, mean: 21.0%), hexachlorobiphenyl (2.7 − 36.4%, mean: 17.7%) and pentachlorobiphenyl (0 − 52.3%, mean: 14.9%). The distribution of PCBs was subject to the rivers flowing into the lake. Less chlorinated Aroclor mixtures containing 3 − 6 chlorinated atoms were the dominant components of PCBs. The northwest part of Dianchi Lake and its adjacent rivers had high contamination levels of PCBs, which could pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms.
Children out of place? Negotiating children’s places from the margins

Inspired by a central concept in the sociology of childhood – that of ‘place’ – this article explores how childhood is constructed and experienced in an atypical place for childhood to unfold. The place in question is a refuge for women and their children who have experienced violence in the intimate sphere. In this article, ‘place’ has a dual meaning as referring to both social positions and physical locations. Employing this dual concept to investigate an atypical place provides insight into the dynamics that shape childhood space. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with children, the analysis shows how children negotiate children’s places in challenging circumstances in a semi-public setting. It uncovers the plurality of children’s places and how these are shaped by the children’s positions in a protective context. The plurality of children’s places becomes apparent by paying attention to the temporality of these places, which foregrounds the relational qualities and fields of power that contribute to the shaping of childhood space.
Anomaly‐based intrusion detection systems: The requirements, methods, measurements, and datasets

With the Internet's unprecedented growth and nations' reliance on computer networks, new cyber‐attacks are created every day as means for achieving financial gain, imposing political agendas, and developing cyberwarfare arsenals. Network security is thus acquiring increasing attention among researchers, practitioners, network architects, policy makers, and others. To defend organizations' networks from existing, foreseen, and future threats, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are becoming a must. Existing surveys on anomaly‐based IDS (AIDS) focus on specific components such as detection mechanisms and lack many others. In contrast to existing surveys, this article covers the full scope needed by researchers and practitioners alike when studying AIDS. The scope ranges from the intrusion detection techniques to attacks forms and passing through the relevant attack features, most‐used datasets, challenges, and potential solutions. This article provides an exhaustive review of IDSs and discusses their requirements and performance metrics in deep. It presents a taxonomy of IDSs based on four criteria: information source, detection strategy, detection mode, and architecture. Then, in‐depth analysis and a comparison of network intrusion detection approaches based on anomaly detection techniques are given. The article also introduces a classification of computer network attacks, along with their different forms and the relevant network traffic features to detect them, as well as a summary of the popular datasets used by the researchers to evaluate the IDSs. Finally, the article highlights several research challenges and the possible solutions to deal with them.
The Pragmatics Of Intercultural Communication In English Teaching In University

In order to learn a foreign language, students have to master the knowledge, skills and also have to understand the language which reflected the foreign culture, so as to overcome cultural barriers, communicate with foreigners decently and effectively and have emotional communication and cross-cultural communication. Intercultural communicative competence plays a vital role for the cultivation of language and communication ability, intercultural communication is a new “edge” subject, which has a close relationship with English teaching.
Suitability criteria of land characteristics related to Eucalyptus pellita production

Existing land suitability criteria are generally based on empirical data relative to land characteristics estimates and have not been related to production estimates. This study aimed to arrange land characteristics suitability related to Eucalyptus pellita production by the boundary line method approach. Soil samples, soil characteristics, and actual production of the tree were taken from districts at PT. Arara Abadi, Riau. A relationship between land characteristics and plant production was plotted in the scatter diagram. The data scatter confined by boundary lines consists of one or two lines of simple linear regression equations. The intersection between boundary lines equations with the bulkhead production on the x-axis (soil characteristics) derived land characteristics suitability criteria. The results showed that the optimum land characteristics to support maximum productivity of E. pellita were sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or loamy sand soil texture, pH 4.0 - 4.7, base saturation > 7.51%, organic C > 1.10%, Al saturation < 37%, total N > 0.08%, available P > 4.7 ppm, exchangeable K > 0.03 cmol (+) kg−1, and slope < 18%. The criteria were then validated on the field and suggested that the land characteristics suitability criteria were about 70% valid.
Pixort: A Novel Approach for Effective Photo Album Clustering

Retrieving digital records on the internet and capturing, uploading images on social media or other platforms has become such a notable part of one’s daily existence. Digital content and videos constitute majority of this ever-growing deluge of information. Major problems are faced by people on a daily basis when they have to manually scan large databases to search for particular images thereby exhausting valuable time and resources. To overcome this, Content Based Image Retrieval in addition to Emotion Detection must be performed to efficiently store and retrieve very specific images. An effective image clustering application should be capable of accurately extracting images based on the given query image. It should also provide functionalities like Facial Detection and Recognition for customized usage and retrieval. In this study, texture-based feature extraction followed by the usage of a feed forward backpropagation neural network has been proposed for CBIR. For emotion detection, correlation has been proposed in addition to the Viola Jones algorithm which has been used for facial detection.