Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Dynamical and Microphysical Evolution of an Isolated Convective Cloud

A 3-dimensional, anelastic cloud model is applied to the simulation of the July 19, 1981 Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE) case study cloud. The model utilizes the bulk water microphysical parameterization technique where number concentrations of cloud ice and snow are taken into account in addition to the mixing ratios of six water species (water vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow and graupel/hail). Cloud ice is initiated only by primary nucleation processes (deposition/sorption and heterogeneous and homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets) in the present model. The timing reference was established between the simulation and observations based on a remarkable change in the rise rates of both the observed and simulated cloud tops, and the model results are compared with the observations as a function of time and space. The general features of the cloud (such as cloud top height, cloud size, arrival time of precipitation at the cloud base, radar first echo, etc.) seem to have been well reproduced. Furthermore, the model cloud simulated quite well the location of hydrometeors with respect to the updraft/downdraft structure, the number concentration of precipitating ice particles, updraft velocity and cloud water content along the King Air's penetrating pass. The main features which are not accurately reproduced are the cloud base height, the rise rate of the cloud top and the radar echo near the ground. The cloud base height is too low, which is attributed to the lack of representativeness in the input data taken from the closest radiosonde sounding, while the too rapid rise rate of the cloud top seems to be attributable to the way in which convection is initiated. The rapid decrease in radar reflectivity of the simulated cloud seems to be attributable to inadequate parameterization for rain and graupel.
Possible source of ancient carbon in phytolith concentrates from harvested grasses

Plants absorb and transport silicon (Si) from soil, and precipitation of Si within the living plants results in micrometric amorphous biosilica particles known as phytoliths. During phytolith formation, a small amount of carbon (<2 %) can become occluded in the silica structure (phytC) and therefore protected from degradation by the environment after plant tissue decomposition. Since the major C source within plants is from atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) via photosynthesis, the current understanding is that the radiocarbon (14C) content of phytC should reflect the 14C content of atmospheric CO2 at the time the plant is growing. This assumption was recently challenged by 14C data from phytoliths extracted from living grasses that yielded ages of several thousand years (2-8 kyr BP; in radiocarbon years "Before Present" (BP), "Present" being defined as 1950). Because plants can take up small amounts of C of varying ages from soils (e.g., during nutrient acquisition), we hypothesized that this transported C within the plant tissue could be attached to or even embedded in phytoliths. In this work, we explore this hypothesis by reviewing previously published data on biosilica mineralization and plant nutrient acquisition as well as by evaluating the efficiency of phytolith extraction protocols from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses from harvested grasses phytolith concentrates. We show that current extraction protocols are inefficient since they do not entirely remove recalcitrant forms of C from plant tissue. Consequently, material previously measured as "phytC" may contain at least some fraction of soil-derived C (likely radiocarbon-old) taken up by roots. We also suggest a novel interpretation for at least some of the phytC - which enters via the root pathway during nutrient acquisition - that may help to explain the old ages previously obtained from phytolith concentrates.
OPTIMIZATION OF AGITATION AND INCUBATION PERIOD ON PRODUCTION OF MANNANASE BY BACILLUS VELEZENSIS NRC-1 USING BENCH-SCALE BIOREACTOR

The effect of agitation speed and incubation period on the production of mannanase enzyme by Bacillus velezensis NRC-1 using bench-scale bioreactor at 45oC was investigated. Results revealed that the increase in agitation speed from 200 to 800 rpm resulted in a significant increase in mannanase production to 21.04 U/mL. The increase in agitation speed affected dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration which in turn affected cell growth and mannanase production. The maximum mannanase production in the bioreactor was attained after 72 h of incubation at 45 oC. Mannanase activity in the bioreactor (21.04 U/mL) while much higher than that obtained from the shake flask fermentation (15.6 U/mL) also the incubation period decreased from 7 days in shake flask fermentation to 3 days in bioreactor.
Flexible Graphene Devices with an Embedded Back-Gate

We show the fabrication of flexible graphene devices with an embedded backgate. The resistance of these devices can be tuned by changing the strain through the bending of the substrate. These devices can be useful for applications requiring a flexible graphene-based field effect transistor in where the graphene channel is not covered (such as biological or chemical sensors and photo-detectors).
Welfare Analysis in a Multi-Market Framework: Implications of the Cap Cotton, Maize and Sugar Beet Regime in Greece

This paper examines the welfare effects of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) cotton, maize and sugar beet regimes practiced in Greece after its 1981 entry into the European Union. These markets are considered as horizontally related because there are usually the same farmers that use the same areas to produce various combinations of the relevant products. We use bootstrap techniques to conduct a statistical analysis of the estimated welfare measurements. The welfare analysis indicates that the income amounts transferred to farmers rose significantly in the period between 1981 and 1992. The 1992 CAP reform slowed down this trend, and transfers have remained at an almost statistically constant level since 1992.
Customers Perception on Service Quality and Satisfaction Level in Historical Tourist Destinations: A Case of Eastern Zone of Tigray

Tigray region has plenty more, older ones, with more paintings, special architecture; remote locations over 125 rock hewn churches are recorded with Tigray-alone. Most of them are visited around the Gheralta chained mountains, (Villages Ethiopia tour and travel, retrieved 16/10/2016). Understanding these element or components of the industry, especially the tourists, is vital to its overall success. Sharpley (2006) said that travel and tourism starts with the tourist. A successful marketing of a destination and its competitiveness involves an understanding of the impressions formed by the tourists about that destination (Clerides and Pashourtidou, 2007).
Expression of Transforming Growth Factorα and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Thyroid Carcinoma

The current study was performed on 178 paraffin embedded tissue specimens, included 111 of them were affected by thyroid carcinoma, 46 were benign neoplastic and 21individuals as control group. The study was carried out in Laboratory of College of Science, University of Wasit in collaboration with AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Ibn al-Bitar Laboratory Specialist in Thi Qar Province, IRAQ, from October 2015 to April 2016. Immunohistochemical technique was used to determination the expression of TGFα and its receptor EGFR in thyroid carcinoma in comparison with benign thyroid disease and control group. The aim of this study is to detect, quantify and analyze the clinicopathological correlation of those genes in patients with thyroid carcinoma. The results showed a significant increase of TGFα in thyroid patients comparing with control group and benign neoplasms, and between control group and benign neoplasms (p 0.05). Our results concluded that there is a strong relationship between TGFα overexpression with thyroid carcinogenesis.
Rural tourism destination competitivenes of Kubah National Park in Sarawak: tourists'perspective

This paper argues that tourism initiatives introduced in Malaysia's rural setting lack of adequate attentions on tourists' perceptions when designing a competitive paradigm for their development and management. This paper proposes a competitive model to evaluate important factors that link to destination competitiveness. The elements of destination competitiveness investigated in this study include natural resources, range of activities, accessibility of destination and local communities. SmartPLS 2.0 (M3) is applied in this study to analyse the data collected based on path modelling and then bootstrapping. A total of 103 questionnaires collected back from Kubah National Park by using convenience sampling technique. Based on the result, natural resources, range of activities and accessibility have a significant influence on destination competitiveness. However, local communities were found not significantly influence on destination competitiveness. The results of this study are believed to contribute to tourism authorities in choosing the right tourism development paradigms in specific rural areas.
The circumnuclear environment of the peculiar galaxy NGC 3310

Gas and star velocity dispersions have been derived for eight circumnuclear starforming regions (CNSFRs) and the nucleus of the spiral galaxy NGC 3310 using high resolution spectroscopy in the blue and far red. Stellar velocity dispersions have been obtained from the Caii triplet in the near-IR, using cross-correlation techniques, while gas velocity dispersions have been measured by Gaussian ts to the H
Reproduction in Goats

Reproductive activity of the goat begins when the females reach puberty, which hap- pens at 5 months of age. The ovarian or estrous cycle is the period between two consecutive estrus. It is also the time that lasts the development of the follicle in the ovary, until rupture occurs and ovulation takes place, which coincides with the appearance of estrus. This chapter will describe the physiological and endocrinological bases of estrus in the goat. Likewise, factors affecting the presence of estrus and ovulation will be described. At another point, synchronization of estrus and ovulation, factors affecting the presence of estrus and external symptoms of estrus, will be described. To achieve synchronization of estrus or induction of ovulation within or outside the breeding season, it may be necessary to manage light hours, male effect, and/or use of hormones. The importance of artificial insemination is described, as well as the current situation of this technique worldwide. Currently, the techniques of artificial insemination in goats have been limited worldwide, due to the lack of resources of producers and trained technicians. The techniques of artificial insemination with estrous synchronization programs and ovulation with current research results will be described.
Does It Matter Who We Ask in Household Surveys? A Study on Gendered Effects and Decision Making Processes in Ecuador

The understanding of how households make decisions may improve the success of an economic development program and enhance targeted training efforts. Technology adoption and farm management decisions depend on intra-household decision making. If a relevant decision maker can be clearly identified and specifically trained to meet his or her needs, the development program may be enhanced. Many approaches have been developed to help understand household decision making processes and the responses to household surveys provide the basis for this. Survey questions are often asked of a single person, and proxy responses are commonly used. Though potential bias from proxy responses is well documented, there is less information regarding the relationship between the proxy and his or her characteristics and the veracity of responses to subjective questions like who makes decisions within the household or who is in charge of major responsibilities. This paper employs the methods of mining contrast-set (Bay and Pazzani, 1999, 2001) and association rule (Agrawal et al., 1993) to answer the general question of whether and under what conditions proxy responses to survey questions are acceptable. It also analyzes how factors such as gender of the respondent matters and how other factors affect the suitability of using proxy responses. The findings show that gender matters for household decisions. For instance, more male than female respondents are likely to claim that they are responsible for household decisionmaking. Respondents answer differently not only to some subjective questions such as who sells crops, but also to objective survey question such as the number of female workers in a family. Factors such as the age of the respondent are found to influence responses of the interviewees to certain activities such as preparing and applying pesticides. The pattern of responses to both objective and subjective questions as well as the effect on responses by characteristics differ by areas where the survey is conducted, etc.
Contributions of organic matter and nutrients via leaf litter in an urban tropical dry forest fragment

The litterfall and decomposition represent the main transfer of organic matter and nutrients from the vegetation to the soil surface and determine positive trajectories in the process of rehabilitating and restoring degraded ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contributions of organic materials and nutrients through the characterization of fine litter in an urban dry forest fragment. Litter production was monitored for one year by collecting 29 traps (0.5 m 2 ). To evaluate leaf nutrient resorption, green leaves were collected from 5-10 individuals that represented the dominant tree species. Litter-bags (20 x 20 cm, 2 mm pore) were used for six months to evaluate the decomposition of leaf litter. Annual fine litter production was found to be 8 574 kg ha -1 , with the Cordia alba species contributing the most leaf litter (1 134 kg ha -1 ) and nutrients (N: 6.16; P: 0.21; Ca: 4.72; Mg: 0.47; K: 1.27 kg ha -1 ). Decomposition rates (k constant) followed the decreasing order: C. alba (k: 4.6) > Machaerium milleflorum (k: 3.5). M. milleflorum and Albizia niopoides presented a pattern of rapid N and P release in the first 30 days, with more than 80 % and 60 % released from M. milleflorum and C. alba , respectively, by the end of the experiment. The litterfall monitoring carried out in this urban dry forest fragment revealed some important aspects of the functioning of an ecosystem as seriously threatened as the tropical dry forest. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 571-585. Epub 2018 June 01.
ICT and the effectiveness of flexible provision of higher education in Australia

This paper reports on an investigation of the effectiveness of models of flexible provision of higher education in Australia. The study grew out of a concern about the effectiveness of flexible provision initiatives in affording study choices to students, particularly those in non-metropolitan regions of Australia. The ten cases of flexible provision chosen for close investigation were ones that provide higher education programs for students in non-metropolitan regions of Australia. The research questions were framed as:
COHERENT PROTEIN DYNAMICS EXPLORED AT FELIX

We have used extremely narrow (1-2 cm−1), high energy pump-probe time domain spectroscopy to probe the heterogenously broadened amide I band in several proteins. We find that the short wavelength side of the amide I band can give rise to very large (50%) bleaching signals, indicating a very long dephasing time of at least 20 ps to the internal amino acid amide I stretch band.
2 Classic Teaching Dimension and its Limitations

Teaching dimension is a learning theoretic quantity that specifies the minimum training set size to teach a target model to a learner. Previous studies on teaching dimension focused on version-space learners which maintain all hypotheses consistent with the training data, and cannot be applied to modern machine learners which select a specific hypothesis via optimization. This paper presents the first known teaching dimension for ridge regression, support vector machines, and logistic regression. We also exhibit optimal training sets that match these teaching dimensions. Our approach generalizes to other linear learners.
Planetary period oscillations in Saturn's magnetosphere: Coalescence and reversal of northern and southern periods in late northern spring

We investigate planetary period oscillations (PPOs) in Saturn's magnetosphere using Cassini magnetic field and Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) data over the interval from late 2012 to the end of 2015, beginning ~3 years after vernal equinox and ending ~1.5 years before northern solstice. Previous studies have shown that the northern and southern PPO periods converged across equinox from southern summer values ~10.8 h for the southern system and ~10.6 h for the northern system and near coalesced ~1 year after equinox, before separating again with the southern period ~10.69 h remaining longer than the northern ~10.64 h. We show that these conditions ended in mid‐2013 when the two periods coalesced at ~10.66 h and remained so until mid‐2014, increasing together to longer periods ~10.70 h. During coalescence the two systems were locked near magnetic antiphase with SKR modulations in phase, a condition in which the effects of the generating rotating twin vortex flows in the two ionospheres reinforce each other via hemisphere‐to‐hemisphere coupling. The magnetic‐SKR relative phasing indicates the dominance of postdawn SKR sources in both hemispheres, as was generally the case during the study interval. In mid‐2014 the two periods separated again, the northern increasing to ~10.78 h by the end of 2015, similar to the southern period during southern summer, while the southern period remained fixed near ~10.70 h, well above the northern period during southern summer. Despite this difference, this behavior resulted in the first enduring reversal of the two periods, northern longer than southern, during the Cassini era.
Effect of Neuroplasticity-based BrainFit® Mind Exercises on Attention Skills of Primary School Students

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of BrainFit® mind exercises based on neuroplasticity on the affective characteristics of primary school students, such as impulsivity, auditory - visual attention periods and focussing skills. Quasi-experimental design was used in the study. In practice, BrainFit® mind exercises were performed for a period of four months to 32 students, as an experimental group, selected from various elementary schools in Izmir. For the control group of 28 students, no exercise program was applied. It has been deemed appropriate for elementary school students who have gained literacy skills and who are studying at the 3rd and 4th grade levels, who have developed characteristics such as perception, memory, reasoning and reasoning, to participate in the study. “IVA + PLUS (Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test) (CPT)” was applied to both groups before and after the implementation. At the end of the research, it is found that, the experimental group’s impulse and hyperactivity controls, the auditory and visual attention levels and speeds increased significantly. Keywords: neuroplasticity, mental development, attention skills
Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Pluralist Homeopathy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Introduction and objectives: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is mainly observed in the primary care setting and may reach a prevalence of 5%. This retrospective study was conducted with the aim of assessing the results obtained using a therapeutic method based on pluralistic homeopathy. Material and Methods: An observational study of a cohort of 220 patients treated by a pluralistic homeopathic physician was performed. A total of 460 medical records were reviewed, among which 220 patients who met DSMIV-TR criteria for the diagnosis of GAD were selected. In relation to homeopathic remedies, remedy of temperament was prescribed in all cases. A complementary remedy, a remedy of autonomic regulation, causal remedy, constitution remedy and remedy of terrain or diathesis was prescribed when necessary. Criteria for grouping patients according to response to treatment were defined. On the basis of this response, levels of cure or lack of response were grouped. A specific database was designed for the purpose of the study. Results: The mean age of patients was 38 years. Women accounted for 78% of the cases. Associated general pathologic conditions were found in only 16% of patients. The duration of symptoms exceeded 12 months in 45% of the cases. At presentation, 31% of patients were taken conventional treatment (anxiolytics and/or antidepressants). The remedy of temperament was prescribed to all 220 cases. Starting of improvement was already observed at the first control visit in 73% of cases (158 patients) after 30 days of the baseline visit. In 157 of the 220 cases (71%), patients considered to be cured due to resolution of all symptoms. In 56.4% of cases (n=124), the length of follow-up was shorter than 2 years, and in 38.2% of cases (n=84) the follow-up ranged between 2 to 6 years. Nine cases (4%) have been followed between 6 and 10 years, and in 3 cases the follow-up was longer than 10 years. Cure achieved by means of homeopathic treatment was significantly associated with younger age, shorter duration of symptoms and absence of conventional pharmacologic treatment prior to consultation with the homeopathy. Conclusions: Data of this retrospective review shows that the applied homeopathic treatment may be effective in the management of patients with GAD. The scope of treatment may include both somatic manifestations of anxiety and deepest vital discomfort affecting the subject.
Compatibility between modes of low‐frequency variability and circulation types: A case study of the northwest Iberian Peninsula

[1] Modes of low-frequency variability have a major influence on the variability of the climate system at different temporal and spatial scales. Although the North Atlantic Oscillation explains a substantial portion of the climate variability in Europe, it is also necessary to consider other modes of low-frequency variability, such as the Scandinavian index, the eastern Atlantic or the eastern Atlantic/western Russia indices. Furthermore, the relationship between the modes of low-frequency variability and the climate in Europe cannot be considered to be stable over time. The aim of this paper is to assess the compatibility between the modes of low-frequency variability in Europe (computed using a principal component analysis (PCA)) and local circulation regimes (using an automated version of the Lamb weather-type classification), thus to observe how shifts in the positions of the modes of low-frequency variability in Europe, could affect local circulation. Our study area (NW Iberian Peninsula) was chosen because it is characterized by the passage of cold fronts associated with the storm track in the North Atlantic Ocean and is sensitive to any variability in precipitation and temperature that is linked to the main North Atlantic modes of low-frequency variability. The results show that there is a high degree of correlation between regional modes of low-frequency variability derived from a statistical approach (using PCA) and real physical circulations (as represented by circulation types). Furthermore, changes in the position of modes of low-frequency variability tend to favor some circulation types over others.