Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The state of prostate MRI in 2013: into the breach.

The concept of multiparametric MRI comes at an important time in the history of prostate cancer screening. It is a method that provides anatomic information about the location, number, size, and risk of prostate cancers. It permits more accurate targeted biopsies that will improve the quality of tissue obtained, thereby reducing the rate of upstaging associated with random biopsies.
An EPRML digital read/write channel IC

Extended partial-response (EPR) signaling together with suitable encoding and maximum-likelihood (ML) detection may be employed in magnetic recording systems to achieve higher storage densities than peak detection or Class 4 partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) methods. Heretofore, the complexity of a complete EPRML implementation has been deemed too high, and efforts have been directed primarily at approximating EPRML performance with modified PRML hardware. This channel IC combines extended class 4 partial response (EPR4) equalization with ML sequence detection based on the Viterbi algorithm. The EPR4 signal is well-matched to the typical readback signal in the range of normalized user densities of current and future interest, simplifying the equalizer. Anti-aliasing filtering and equalization are combined in a continuous-time filter, eliminating a FIR filter.
Last offices: nurses' experiences of the process and their views about involving significant others.

BACKGROUND Last offices are the procedures carried out shortly after a person dies. The National End of Life Care Programme UK guidelines recognise the potential impact of last offices on nurses and advocate the involvement of significant others, but offer no guidance on how to facilitate this. AIM To explore nurses' experiences of carrying out last offices, in hospice inpatient and community settings, and their views on involving the person's significant others in the process. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 10 nurses/health-care assistants (held in June to August 2012). Interviews were analysed using interpretative, thematic analysis. RESULTS Four main themes emerged from the data. Last offices were described as: a range of care activities, a learning and coping challenge, a time of transition, and a demonstration of respect and support. CONCLUSION Last offices are a range of care activities, shaped by the environment, time and help available. Further research into the potential benefits and harms of involving significant others is required.
Stability Analysis of PWM-Controlled Dual Channel Resonant Buck&Boost Converter Using PI Controller

The paper is concerned with the stability analysis of a feedback controlled resonant dual channel buck&boost converter. The output voltage is controlled by using constant frequency PWM and PI controller. The analysis is based on the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the Poincaré Map Function (PMF). After small perturbation determining the deviations of the state variables from the periodic trajectory, the Jacobian matrix is calculated without the need to determine the PMF itself. The introduction of the so-called auxiliary state vector greatly facilitates the calculation. Calculation and simulation results included helps the design of the control loop.
The effect of sympathetic stimulation on carotid nerve activity

An effect of sympathetic activity on carotid-body chemoreceptor discharge might be expected, since the carotid body receives an abundant nerve supply from the superior cervical ganglion (de Castro, 1926). Moreover, Floyd & Neil (1952) have found a small but definite increase in carotid-nerve activity when the sympathetic branches supplying the carotid body were stimulated. Hereafter, the nerve(s) linking the superior cervical ganglion with the carotid body will be referred to as the ganglioglomerular nerve(s). This term is not entirely adequate, since many of the nerve fibres join the carotid nerve close to the glomus; they continue in such a nerve to join the glossopharyngeal nerve (see Eyzaguirre & Uchizono, 1961). Floyd & Neil interpreted this effect as increased chemoreceptor discharge. A significant problem remains, however, namely whether or not sympathetic effects, if present, are due to a direct action upon the sensory receptors or to construction of local vessels. In other sensory receptors such as tactile units of the frog's skin (Loewenstein, 1956) and mammalian spindles (Hunt, 1960) sympathetic actions may be exerted by liberation of adrenaline or noradrenaline from the sympathetic terminals, acting directly on neighbouring nerve endings (for an opposite view see Eldred, Schnitzlein & Buchwald, 1960). In the case of the carotid-body chemoreceptors sympathetic effects which have been observed might well be indirect, since such studies have been performed in the whole animal where a reduction of glomerular blood flow is known to occur during stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk (Daly, Lambertsen & Schweitzer, 1954). In the present study the possibility of a direct sympathetic action on chemoreceptors was investigated in vitro, where vascular effects are absent, and the results obtained in the excised preparation were compared with similar observations in the whole animal. Results presented below indicate that stimulation of fibres emerging from the superior cervical ganglion
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). III. Discovery of a z = 4.72 Radio Galaxy with the Lyman Break Technique

We report a discovery of a z = 4.72 radio galaxy, HSC J083913.17+011308.1, using the Lyman break technique with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Survey (HSC-SSP) catalog for Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeter radio sources. The number of known high-z radio galaxies (HzRGs) at z > 3 is quite small to constrain the evolution of HzRGs so far. The deep and wide-area optical survey by HSC-SSP enables us to apply the Lyman break technique to a large search for HzRGs. For an HzRG candidate among pre-selected r-band dropouts with a radio detection, a follow-up optical spectroscopy with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS)/Gemini has been performed. The obtained spectrum presents a clear Lyα emission line redshifted to z = 4.72. The spectral energy distribution fitting analysis with the rest-frame UV and optical photometries suggests the massive nature of this HzRG with . The small equivalent width of Lyα and the moderately red UV colors indicate its dusty host galaxy, implying a chemically evolved and dusty system. The radio spectral index does not meet a criterion for an ultra-steep spectrum, of −1.1 and of −0.9, demonstrating that the HSC-SSP survey compensates for a subpopulation of HzRGs that are missed in surveys focusing on an ultra-steep spectral index.
Protection Against Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein–Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Death by Integrin-Linked Kinase

Background—Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a protein that plays important roles in extracellular matrix-mediated signaling. It has been shown that ILK is expressed preferentially in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Evidence points to its role as an upstream regulator of protein kinase B, a critical player in apoptosis. Because oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is thought to promote atherogenesis by causing the apoptosis of endothelial cells, we investigated the potential roles that ILK may play in oxLDL-induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Methods and Results—Transcriptional and translational levels of ILK were investigated with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western analysis. oxLDL treatment induced both the transcription and the translation of the ILK gene in endothelial cells. A recombinant adenovirus vector encoding the ILK gene was constructed to investigate its potential role in oxLDL-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mouse lymphoid vein endothelial cells transformed by simian virus 40. In both types of cells, overexpression of the ILK gene significantly prevented oxLDL-induced apoptosis or cell death, as evaluated by 2 independent assay methods. Furthermore, we showed that ILK could inhibit oxLDL-induced upregulation of the kinase activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which is often associated with stress-induced pro-apoptotic signal transduction. Finally, examination of other factors, such as bcl-2, bcl-xl, caspase 3, and caspase 9, demonstrated significant changes that were correlated with oxLDL treatment and ILK overexpression. Conclusion—ILK may be an important factor involved in the regulation of oxLDL-induced apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Modifying its activity may be a useful approach for prevention of endothelial cell injury in oxLDL-induced atherosclerosis.
All optical gain-locking in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers using double-pass superfluorescence

All optical gain-locking in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated. A double-pass superfluorescence is created by using a broad-band fiber reflector centered at 1530 nm at the output of the EDFA, to lock the gain at 21 dB. Experiments on an eight-channel wavelength-division-multiplexing system shows promise with gain variation between channels of less than 0.6 dB over the input signal power range. While, gain variation with input signal power is about 0.2 dB for all channels.
Effects of Model Horizontal Grid Resolution on Short- and Medium-Term Daily Temperature Forecasts for Energy Consumption Application in European Cities

A short-term forecast of energy consumption is affected by different factors related to the demand in residential, commercial, thermoelectric, and industrial sectors. This demand can be strongly constrained by weather variables, especially temperatures, whose forecast may be very useful to predict the balances between supply and demand, minimizing the risk of price volatility. Energy companies use the relationship between meteorological forecast output and energy request to provide an effective scheduling of national gas and power grids and reduce operational costs in critical periods. This work reports a comparison analysis for short- and medium-term daily temperature forecasts during the period 2013-2014 by using the weather model e-kmf™ (eni-kassandra meteo forecast), currently adopted in gas and power applications where meteorological output has a key role. This weather forecast system uses different models and initial data to develop probabilistic predictions from a perspective of eleven days ahead. In particular, a set of model runs with horizontal grid spacing of 5.5, 8, 13, and 18 km with the same domain size are undertaken to assess the sensitivity of temperature to horizontal resolutions. A nonlinear Kalman filter has been also applied to postprocess forecasted data in eight European cities (Milano, Roma, Torino, Napoli, Munich, Paris, Brussels, and London). Filtered forecasts over these cities have been compared to local observations taken from SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) and METAR (meteorological Aerodrome Report) stations. Skill scores of performance have been used to generally assess the forecast reliability up to day +11. In order to understand the sensitivity to the horizontal resolution, investigations have been carried out even during four specific periods of two weeks with stable and unstable weather conditions.
Direct Radiative Forcing by Smoke from Biomass Burning

Airborne measurements in smoke from biomass burning in Brazil have yielded optical parameters that permit an improved assessment of the effects of smoke on Earth's radiation balance. The global-mean direct radiative forcing due to smoke from biomass burning worldwide is estimated to be no more than about −0.3 watt per square meter (cooling), compared with +2.45 watts per square meter (warming) due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases. On regional scales, direct radiative forcing due to smoke can be large and might indirectly affect global climate.
Strategic timing and rate of sulphur fertilization improves sulphur use efficiency in subirrigated greenhouse-grown chrysanthemums

Industry standards for nutrient delivery to greenhouse-grown ornamentals are typically in excess of the plant’s needs and can be reduced without causing adverse effects. Previous studies have reduced the level of specific nutrients or suite of nutrients over the entire crop cycle or at the onset of reproductive growth. Here, two split-plot experiments (four blocks each) were conducted with subirrigated, potted, disbudded chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) grown under greenhouse conditions with sulphate treatment (2.25 mmol L−1 S supplied continuously over the crop cycle in experiment 2 only and 2.25, 1.125, or 0.5625 mmol L−1 S interrupted at inflorescence emergence) as the main plot and cultivar (‘Olympia’ and ‘Covington’) as the sub-plot. Morphological characteristics of plants with fully-expanded inflorescences were unaffected by decreasing S delivery over the crop cycle. Dry mass (DM) yields and S budgets revealed that supply-based S use and S uptake efficiencies increased markedly in both cultivars with decreasing S delivery. Minor amounts of reduced-S, rather than sulphate, were lost from leaves of ‘Covington’ during inflorescence development. High quality chrysanthemums had sufficient leaf-S (0.17%–0.23% DM) at inflorescence emergence even with the lowest S supply, which would deliver an approximate 87.5% reduction in S over the crop cycle compared with industry standards. The primary mechanism to obtain sufficient S for the growth of chrysanthemums in these studies was increased uptake efficiency.
Improved Hardness Results for Approximating the Chromatic Number

First, a simplified geometric proof is presented for the result of C. Lund and M. Yannakakis (1994) saying that for some /spl epsiv/>0 it is NP-hard to approximate the chromatic number of graphs with N vertices by a factor of N/sup /spl epsiv//. Then, more sophisticated techniques are employed to improve the exponent. A randomized twisting method allows us to completely pack a certain space with copies of a graph without much affecting the independence number. Together with the newest results of M. Bellare et al. (1995), on the number of amortized free bits, it is shown that for every /spl epsiv/>0 the chromatic number cannot be approximated by a factor of N/sup 1/5-/spl epsiv// unless NP=ZPP. Finally, we get polynomial lower bounds in terms of /spl chi/. Unless NP=ZPP, the performance ratio of every polynomial time algorithm approximating the chromatic number of /spl chi/-colorable graphs (i.e., the chromatic number is at most /spl chi/) is at least /spl chi//sup 1/5-o(1/) (where the o-notation is with respect to /spl chi/).
Auxiliary power supply based on a modular ISOP flyback configuration with very high input voltage

This paper proposes a Flyback-based Input-Series Output-Parallel (ISOP) Auxiliary Power Supply (APS), intended to feed the control system of the cells of a Solid-State Transformer (SST). The SST topology is based on a modular Multiport Multilevel Converter (MMC). Energization of the cells auxiliary circuitry is not trivial due to the high voltages involved (tens of kV for the electric power distribution system), most of the commercially available control and driving circuitry not being usable due to the isolation requirements. It is possible to energize the control circuitry from an APS, connected to the cell capacitor voltage. However, in the SST under consideration, cells target DC voltage is in the range of 1.5kV to 2.5kV. Design of an APS capable of feeding the auxiliary circuitry from such high voltage and the required isolation is not trivial. A modular APS using autonomous Flyback converters in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and based on commercial AC adapters is proposed in this paper. The solution is scalable and therefore applicable to cells with larger DC voltages.
Disturbed motion characteristics of small floating platform

A small floating surface is designed for the problem that a detection device works on the sea and is disturbed by waves. The platform is connected by a floating device and a main platform through a flexible cable. The stress condition of the platform under disturbance of random waves is analyzed and the motion equation is established. The multi-body hydrodynamic simulation software AQWA is used to analyze the rolling and pitch motion of the platform under three-level sea conditions, and the results can be described by response amplitude operator (RAO). We change the diameter of floating tube and the center of gravity of the platform, and compare the movement of the platform under different structure parameters. The results show that the platform resonates with the water body at water frequency of 1.0 rad / s, and the rolling RAO reaches 23, which is not conducive to the normal operation of the equipment. The influence of the height of the center of gravity on the amplitude of the rolling motion is much larger than that of the floating tube. When the height of the center of gravity is −2.0m and the diameter of floating tube is 2.8m, the optimum amplitude of the platform is 1.53°. The article can provide a theoretical basis for the further study of floating platform.
Voice and speech after laryngectomy

The aim of the investigation is to compare voice and speech quality in alaryngeal patients using esophageal speech (ESOP, eight subjects), electroacoustical speech aid (EACA, six subjects) and tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis (TEVP, three subjects). The subjects reading a short story were recorded in the sound‐proof booth and the speech samples were acoustically analysed. Speech sound production was judged by 15 students of phonetics. The following variables were considered: (1) voice quality: fo, jitter, shimmer and harmonic‐to‐noise ratio, (2) speech sound production: number of recognized VCV syllables, and (3) temporal organization of speech: duration of the phonetic block, number of syllables in the phonetic block, rate of speech, rate of articulation and number of syllables in the longest phonetic block. The results showed that nearly normal air‐stream source (lungs) in speech production of speakers with tracheoesophageal prosthesis significantly contributed to the speech timing and speech intelligibility of the alaryngeal speakers.
Projected Sequential Quadratic Programming Methods

In this paper we introduce and analyze a class of optimization methods, called projected sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods, for the solution of optimization problems with nonlinear equality constraints and simple bound constraints on parts of the variables. Such problems frequently arise in the numerical solution of optimal control problems. Projected SQP methods combine the ideas of projected Newton methods and SQP methods. They use the simple projection onto the set defined by the bound constraints and maintain feasibility with respect to these constraints. The iterates are computed using an extension of SQP methods and require only the solution of the linearized equality constraint. Global convergence of these methods is enforced using a constrained merit function and an Armijo-like line search. We discuss global and local convergence properties of these methods, the identification of active indices, and we present numerical examples for an optimal control problem governed by a nonlinear h.
Engagement of CD43 Enhances Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcriptional Activity and Virus Production That Is Induced upon TCR/CD3 Stimulation*

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcriptional activity is regulated by several cytokines and T cell activators. CD43 (sialophorin) is a sialoglycoprotein expressed on the surface of a wide variety of blood cells including T lymphocytes. Several studies have shown that CD43 ligation induces proliferation and activation of human T lymphocytes. We were thus interested in defining whether CD43-mediated signaling events can modulate the life cycle of HIV-1. We demonstrate here that CD43 cross-linking potentiates HIV-1 promoter-driven activity and virus production that is seen following the engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR)·CD3 complex. This effect is independent of the CD28 co-stimulatory molecule and is mediated by both NF-κB and NFAT transcription factors. A number of signal transducers known to be involved in the TCR/CD3-dependent signal transduction pathway, including p56 lck , p36 lat , and SLP-76, as well as capacitative entry of calcium, are crucial for the noticed CD43 co-stimulatory effect. Calcium mobilization studies indicate that a synergy is occurring between CD43- and TCR/CD3-mediated signaling events leading to an augmented calcium release. These data suggest that CD43 can be seen as a co-stimulatory cell surface constituent that can modulate HIV-1 expression in T lymphocytes.
Third DIHARD Challenge Evaluation Plan

This paper introduces the third DIHARD challenge, the third in a series of speaker diarization challenges intended to improve the robustness of diarization systems to variation in recording equipment, noise conditions, and conversational domain. The challenge comprises two tracks evaluating diarization performance when starting from a reference speech segmentation (track 1) and diarization from raw audio scratch (track 2). We describe the task, metrics, datasets, and evaluation protocol.
Inverse Estimation of Elastic Modulus Using Physics-Informed Generative Adversarial Networks

While standard generative adversarial networks (GANs) rely solely on training data to learn unknown probability distributions, physics-informed GANs (PI-GANs) encode physical laws in the form of stochastic partial differential equations (PDEs) using auto differentiation. By relating observed data to unobserved quantities of interest through PDEs, PI-GANs allow for the estimation of underlying probability distributions without their direct measurement (i.e. inverse problems). The scalable nature of GANs allows high-dimensional, spatially-dependent probability distributions (i.e., random fields) to be inferred, while incorporating prior information through PDEs allows the training datasets to be relatively small. In this work, PI-GANs are demonstrated for the application of elastic modulus estimation in mechanical testing. Given measured deformation data, the underlying probability distribution of spatially-varying elastic modulus (stiffness) is learned. Two feed-forward deep neural network generators are used to model the deformation and material stiffness across a two dimensional domain. Wasserstein GANs with gradient penalty are employed for enhanced stability. In the absence of explicit training data, it is demonstrated that the PI-GAN learns to generate realistic, physically-admissible realizations of material stiffness by incorporating the PDE that relates it to the measured deformation. It is shown that the statistics (mean, standard deviation, point-wise distributions, correlation length) of these generated stiffness samples have good agreement with the true distribution.
A fully planarized 8M bit ferroelectric RAM with 'chain' cell structure

A 8M-bit fully functional ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) with 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process was successfully fabricated by using a highly reliable Pt-SRO-PZT-SRO-Pt stacked capacitor and aluminum reflow based low damage metallization process. The chip area of 76 mm/sup 2/ was achieved by using a 'chain' cell structure.