Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social entrepreneurship in higher education: challenges and opportunities

ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship (SE) had been introduced in the university as one of the efforts to nurture future social entrepreneurs. SE courses established at the university level with a combination of cooperation from the local community and industry give a more effective impact on the local community. The knowledge and skills taught from universities regardless of the academic or cultural background can be used to balance the social problems in the community with the development of social innovation to solve the issues. However, several challenges delayed further development of a successful SE programme in higher education. This research employs the systematic literature review (SLR) which utilizes in-depth and absolute evaluation of related literature on the research topic. Four challenges have been encountered include; the design of SE curricula, financial and funding problems, lack of professionals to teach SE courses, and prohibitive social and university environment issues. This research has also suggested some best practices include; more SE awareness programmes, university management in solving funding problems, preparing SE coaching professionals, and setting up more university-industry collaborations. This paper proposes suggestions to counter the challenges and leverage the social network as an innovative technological alternative and giving more opportunities for improved social benefits.
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains in the Patients Admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran (2016-2018)

Background: Nosocomial infections are important medical concerns in developed and developing countries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered the third leading cause of nosocomial infections following Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance of isolated P. aeruginosa strains in the patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 900 patients with positive P. aeruginosa cultures who were admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran during 2016-2018. Bacterial isolates were separated using laboratory tests, and the standard disc-diffusion method was used to assess antibiotic susceptibility based on the CLSI protocol. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24. Results: The majority of the P. aeruginosa-positive cases were isolated from the emergency ward (44.3%), intensive care unit (21.9%), blood samples (40.4%), and urine samples (18.7%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, cefazolin, and cefixime. In addition, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were the most effective antibiotics against P. aeruginosa with the sensitivity of 68.1% and 57.2%, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results, P. aeruginosa had high resistance against antibiotics such as cotrimoxazole and ceftriaxone. Therefore, these antibiotics should be used correctly and reasonably, and epidemiological studies in this regard should be focused on proposing national programs to prevent the further spread of antibiotic resistance.
Dual Polarization MIMO Antenna for 5G Mobile Phone Applications

A dual-polarization microstrip multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G mobile phone applications is proposed in this communication. Eight differentially fed microstrip antenna elements are arranged on the back cover of a mobile phone. Four shorted radiation patches constitute the radiator of an antenna pair, and four antenna pairs form an eight-element MIMO antenna. The antenna element can excite two modes by utilizing the interaction of the two elements of one antenna pair and has a wide operating band. A prototype of the MIMO antenna is fabricated, and eight power dividers are applied to provide the differential feeding. The measured −6 dB impedance operating band is 4.37–5.5 GHz and can cover the N79 band (4.4–5 GHz) for 5G. The measured efficiencies of the antenna elements with a low profile of 1.2 mm are 40%–50% in the N79 band though the substrate has a high loss tangent of 0.02. The measured results show that the MIMO antenna has low mutual couplings of lower than −22 dB, low envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) of lower than 0.068, and the ratios of mean effective gains (MEGs) of lower than 2.28 dB. Some issues in practical applications are discussed. The proposed antenna provides a promising solution to design a compact and pony-size MIMO antenna without occupying the inner space or ground clearance of a mobile phone.
Elementary teachers’ beliefs about teaching mathematics and science: Implications for Argumentation

Teachers in the elementary grades often teach all subjects and are expected to have appropriate content knowledge of a wide range of disciplines. Current recommendations suggest teachers should integrate multiple disciplines into the same lesson, for instance, when teaching integrated STEM lessons. Although there are many similarities between STEM fields, there are also epistemological differences to be understood by students and teachers (see, e.g., Conner & Kittleson, 2009). How to teach STEM lessons without ignoring the unique characteristics, depth, and rigor of each discipline is an open question (Kertil & Gurel, 2016). This study investigated teachers’ beliefs about teaching mathematics and science using argumentation and the epistemological and contextual factors that may have influenced these beliefs. This qualitative study was conducted in a professional development course designed for elementary teachers. Participants in this study included 14 teachers from a rural school district in the southeastern United States. Data sources include video recordings and transcripts from one in-class meeting of the course and two semi-structured interviews with each participant. The majority of elementary teachers in this study believed argumentation was an important part of teaching all subjects. Their beliefs about argumentation in science suggest that they see argumentation as inherent in the learning of science: “Scientific inquiry is very similar to argumentation” (Gloria, Int. 2). Teachers’ statements about argumentation in mathematics, on the other hand, suggest that students need to know the mathematical content prior to engaging in argumentation. For instance, “I didn’t [engage them in argumentation] because of understanding . they were not intellectually ready for that concept” (Bill, Int. 2). Teachers’ beliefs about different epistemological underpinnings of mathematics and science, along with contextual constraints, led to different beliefs and intentions for practice with respect to argumentation in these disciplines. The contextual constraint of testing and the amount of curriculum the teachers perceived as essential focused more attention on the teaching of mathematics, which could be seen as benefiting student learning of mathematics. On the other hand, the perception of science as involving wonder, curiosity, and inherently positive and interesting ideas may lead to the creation of a more positive learning environment for the teaching of science. These questions remain open and need to be studied further: What are the consequences of perceiving argumentation in mathematics as limited to concepts already well-understood? Can integrating the teaching of mathematics and science lead to more exploratory and inquiry-based teaching of mathematical ideas alongside scientific ones?
Privacy self-management and the issue of privacy externalities: of thwarted expectations, and harmful exploitation

This article argues that the self-management of one's privacy is impossible due to privacy externalities. Privacy externalities are the negative by-product of the services offered by some data controllers, whereby the price to "pay" for a service includes not just the provision of the user's own personal data, but also that of others. This term, related to similar concepts from the literature on privacy such as "networked privacy" or "data pollutio", is used here to bring to light the incentives and exploitative dynamics behind a phenomenon which, I demonstrate, benefits both the user and the data controller to the detriment of third-party data subjects. Building on these novel elements and on the relevant concepts and examples found in the existing literature, this article draws a comprehensive picture of the phenomenon, and offers two promising paths to address it-better enforcing the principle of data protection by design and by default, and relying on the framework of joint controllership.
Detecting Spam Product Reviews in Roman Urdu Script

In recent years, online customer reviews have become the main source to determine public opinion about offered products and services. Therefore, manufacturers and sellers are extremely concerned with customer reviews, as these can have a direct impact on their businesses. Unfortunately, there is an increasing trend to write spam reviews to promote or demote targeted products or services. This practice, known as review spamming, has posed many questions regarding the authenticity and dependability of customers’ review-based business processes. Although the spam review detection (SRD) problem has gained much attention from researchers, existing studies on SRD have mostly worked on datasets of English, Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and Malay languages. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify the spam in Roman Urdu reviews using different classification models based on linguistic features and behavioral features. The performance of each classifier is evaluated in a number of perspectives: (i) linguistic features are used to calculate accuracy (F1 score) of each classifier; (ii) behavioral features combined with distributional and non-distributional aspects are used to evaluate accuracy (F1 score) of each classifier; and (iii) the combination of both linguistic and behavioral features (distributional and non-distributional aspects) are used to evaluate the accuracy of each classifier. The experimental evaluations demonstrated an improved accuracy (F1 score: 0.96), which is the result of combinations of linguistic features and behavioral features with the distributional aspect of reviewers. Moreover, behavioral features using distributional characteristic achieve an accuracy (F1 score: 0.86) and linguistic features shows accuracy (F1 score: 0.69). The outcome of this research can be used to increase customers’ confidence in the South Asian region. It can also help to reduce spam reviews in the South Asian region, particularly in Pakistan.
Antibacterial Activity of Lactic Acid Producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides QZ1178 Against Pathogenic Gallibacterium anatis

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) convert carbohydrates into organic acids [mainly lactic acid (LA)], which reportedly have bactericidal activities. Gallibacterium anatis is a Gram-negative bacteria which infects birds, and causes significant economic losses. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of the LA producing, Leuconostoc mesenteroides QZ1178 from Qula (fermented food), against G. anatis, using the Oxford cup method. Our data showed that L. mesenteroides QZ1178 inhibited G. anatis isolates from different origins; however, L. mesenteroides QZ1178 antibacterial activity dropped dramatically at pH 5.5–pH 6. The LA concentration and pH of the liquid broth containing L. mesenteroides QZ1178 after 24 h culture was 29 mg/mL and 3.6, respectively. This concentration (29 mg/mL at pH 3.6) and the antibiotic, cefotaxime (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2.5 μg/mL) effectively inhibited G. anatis (GAC026) growth as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Gallibacterium anatis treated with LA exhibited extensive cell surface collapse, increased cell damage, cell membrane disruption, and cytoplasmic leakage, indicative of cell lysis. We suggest L. mesenteroides QZ1178 exerts potential antibacterial effects against the poultry pathogen, G. anatis via LA.
Physiological Characterization of Trait Introgressed Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Drought Stress Tolerance

Twenty-five lines of rice which were introgressed for root traits and water use efficiency (WUE) were physiologically characterized for drought adaptive traits in the present study. These lines along with the parents were screened for yield and other trait performance under semi-irrigated aerobic cultivation. Leaf temperature was selected as surrogate for root traits and SCMR for WUE. Apart from these traits, yield and yield associated traits, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index and chlorophyll content were measured. The lower leaf temperature of trait introgressed lines than IR-64 suggests lines have better root biomass which enabled them to maintain its temperature. The yield performance of trait introgressed lines were better than recurrent parent, IR-64 under semi-irrigated aerobic cultivation. It indicates that the introgression of the respective traits onto an elite background, IR-64 improved the efficacy of the introgressed lines under water limited condition. Comparative analysis of introgressed lines for drought adaptive traits suggested G 25, G 4, G 12 and G 18 performed better than other lines. Therefore, these lines introgreseed for drought tolerance traits could be utilized for other breeding programs for further improvement in drought tolerance in rice for the development of elite genotypes.
Physical and Mechanical Study of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) based Geopolymer as a Stabilizer for Soft Soil

Construction of structures on soft soil is a challenging task and considered as one of the biggest concerns in geotechnical engineering. Binders that are environmentally friendly such as fly ash based geopolymer have been explored widely. In this study, the agro-waste material, Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) was used to produce an environmentally friendly geopolymer binder to be used in soft soil stabilization. POFA was used in three ratios; 10%, 20% and 30% of dry weight of soil to produce geopolymer. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as an alkali activator at 12 molarity along with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Physical properties of soil (Atterberg Limits, Plasticity Index, and Linear Shrinkage Limit) and compaction assessment; before and after mixing with the geopolymer binder were investigated. The studied soil was classified as an inorganic high plasticity silt (MH), according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). From compaction results; optimum moisture content (OMC) values showed a decreased pattern from 24.7% to 17.5%; and maximum dry density (MDD) increased from 1.37 Mg/m3 to 1.73 Mg/m3 for geopolymer with POFA ranging from 0% to 30% of the dry weight of soil, respectively. The optimum dosage of POFA based geopolymer was found to be 30% according to all tests mentioned. These properties suggest the potential use of the agro-waste based geopolymer binder to stabilize the soft soil.
Representing absence of evidence: why algorithms and representations matter in models of language and cognition

ABSTRACT Theories of language and cognition develop iteratively from ideas, experiments and models. The abstract nature of “cognitive processes” means that computational models play a critical role in this, yet bridging the gaps between models, data, and interpretations is challenging. While the how and why computations are performed is often the primary research focus, the conclusions drawn from models can be compromised by the representations chosen for them. To illustrate this point, we revisit a set of empirical studies of language acquisition that appear to support different models of learning from implicit negative evidence. We examine the degree to which these conclusions were influenced by the representations chosen and show how a plausible single mechanism account of the data can be formulated for representations that faithfully capture the task design. The need for input representations to be incorporated into model conceptualisations, evaluations, and comparisons is discussed.
Comparison of Antioxidative Efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves and Acer Palmatum Leaves

Modern people pay attention to the antioxidant effects that protect human aging and damage, but active ingredients used in cosmetics or pharmaceutical raw materials of synthetic ingredients are exposed to a number of problems. An alternative method for solving the problem was selected, and Ginkgo Biloba Leaves (GBL) and Acer Palmatum Leaves (APL) were selected to compare and analyze antioxidant efficacy evaluations such as total polyphenol, total flavonoid, DPPH ability, ABTS radical scavenging ability, and FRAP activity measurement. In the results of the study, GBL and APL showed DPPH activity at all concentrations (μg/ml). ABTS activity and FRAP Value also showed antioxidant activity in both GBL and APL and in particular, APL has been found to be potent and is considered a rich antioxidant. ABTS activity and FRAP Value also showed antioxidant activity in both GBL and APL, and in particular, APL has been found to be more potent. Therefore, these species can be evaluated as rich antioxidants. This study hopes to provide GBL and APL extracts as data for the development of natural antioxidants in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Moving average and autoregressive correlation structures under multivariate skew normality

Abstract This article explores the parameter space of multivariate skew normal families having identical distributed marginal distributions under a few autoregressive-moving average correlation structures ( ): namely, MA(1), MA(2), and AR(2) correlation structures. Such an undertaking escapes triviality since the efficacious parametrization, in terms of analysis of marginal distributions, restricts the parameter space of the correlation and shape parameters in an intertwined fashion, which upon unraveling illuminates properties of the multivariate skew normal’s correlation matrix, where under identical marginals, Using the parametrization of the multivariate skew normal distribution, the support of δ is found using a limiting argument for the cases considered herein, which can be approximated well via nonlinear regression using a ratio of rational functions of the sample size, k, for an MA(q) correlation structure. Moreover, a range of values for δ is found, when possible, such that the parameter space of the correlation parameters under skew-normality agrees with that under normality. For fixed δ’s, the parameter space of the correlation parameters is found by numerical inversion, where plots have been included to visualize the regions. From the parameter space, inequalities on the component-wise correlations of the skew normal families are developed and displayed pictorially. Finally, transformations are offered to convert the multivariate skew normal families to the more prevalent parametrization, with representing a shape parameter.
Information energy and information temperature for molecular systems

The information energy and information temperature are proposed as new quantum descriptors for the characterization of molecular systems. Ab initio and semiempirical (PM3) procedures are used to create molecular probability fields on which the aforementioned information quantities are applied. The connection with other structural descriptors is discussed in the case of linear condensed aromatic rings and linear hydrocarbons with alternate double bonds.
Fuzzy Adaptive Control for Fractional Nonlinear Systems with External Disturbances and Unknown Control Directions

In this paper, the problem of fuzzy adaptive control of unknown nonlinear fractional-order systems with external disturbances and unknown control directions is studied. We exploit a decomposition of the control gain matrix into a symmetric positive-definite matrix, a diagonal matrix with diagonal entries or , and a unity upper triangular matrix. Fuzzy logic systems are used for estimating the unknown nonlinear functions. Based on the fractional Lyapunov direct method and some proposed lemmas, a novel fuzzy adaptive controller is designed. The proposed method can guarantee that all the signals in the closed-loop systems remain bounded and the tracking errors converge to an arbitrary small region of the origin. In addition, for updating the parameters of the fuzzy system, fractional-order adaptations laws are proposed. Lastly, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Urban Water Consumption at Multiple Spatial and Temporal Scales. A Review of Existing Datasets

Over the last three decades, the increasing development of smart water meter trials and the rise of demand management has fostered the collection of water demand data at increasingly higher spatial and temporal resolutions. Counting these new datasets and more traditional aggregate water demand data, the literature is rich with heterogeneous urban water demand datasets. They are characterized by heterogeneous spatial scales—from urban districts, to households or individual water fixtures—and temporal sampling frequencies—from seasonal/monthly up to sub-daily (minutes or seconds). Motivated by the need of tracking the existing datasets in this rapidly evolving field of investigation, this manuscript is the first comprehensive review effort of the state-of-the-art urban water demand datasets. This paper contributes a review of 92 water demand datasets and 120 related peer-review publications compiled in the last 45 years. The reviewed datasets are classified and analyzed according to the following criteria: spatial scale, temporal scale, and dataset accessibility. This research effort builds an updated catalog of the existing water demand datasets to facilitate future research efforts end encourage the publication of open-access datasets in water demand modelling and management research.
Ultrasonido endoscópico, aplicaciones actuales en tumores sólidos gastrointestinales

La endosonografía es un método diagnóstico que viene revolucionando el abordaje de los pacientes con tumores del tracto gastrointestinal y de otros órganos y estructuras extradigestivas. En la actualidad, se viene posicionando como un método de elección en la evaluación de lesiones subepiteliales gastrointestinales, además en la estadificación de muchos tumores gastrointestinales como esófago, estomago, recto, páncreas. Por lo cual pretendemos hacer una revisión de tema mostrando la evidencia de la endosonografía en indicaciones clásicas y aplicaciones actuales en tumores gastrointestinales.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol Daun hantap (Sterculia coccinea Jack.)

Hantap ( Sterculia coccinea Jack) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan di Sulawesi Tengah yang mempunyai potensi sebagai antioksidan sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai IC 50 ekstrak etanol daun hantap dengan metode DPPH dan LC 50 dengan metode BSLT serta mengetahui kandungan kimianya.Ekstrak dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Penentuan kandungan kimia dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi identifikasi dankromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun hantap diperoleh nilai IC 50 sebesar 6,48 ppm dan vitamin C (kontrol positif) 2,71 ppm, sedangkan aktivitas sitotoksiknya dihasilkan nilai LC 50 sebesar 591,561 ppm. Hasil identifikasi dengan pereaksi identifikasi dan KLT menunjukkan ekstrak mengandung flavonoid, fenol, saponin, steroid, alkaloid, dan tanin. Berdasarkan hasil uji, ekstrak etanol daun hantap dapat dikatakan memiliki aktivitas antioksi dan yang sangat kuat, sedangkan aktivitas sitotoksiknya masuk kategori sedang.