Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protein and Molecular Characterization of Hippocampal Protein Kinase C in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 Mice

Abstract: Measures of protein kinase C (PKC) in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice using [3H]phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate binding to tissue homogenates and brain slices demonstrated that levels of activated, membrane‐bound PKC were greater in C57BL hippocampus than in DBA hippocampus. Western analysis of α‐, βI‐, βII‐, γ‐, δ‐, and ɛ‐PKC using isozyme‐specific antibodies indicated that the increase observed in C57BL hippocampus was due primarily to the γ‐PKC protein, whose immunoreactivity was greater in the membrane‐bound fraction in C57BL mice. Characterization of α‐, βI,II‐, and γ‐PKC hippocampal mRNA using northern analysis and isozyme‐specific nucleic acid probes did not reveal differences between the strains in levels of gene expression. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) were found in the α‐ and γ‐, but not β‐PKC genomic DNA. The RFLPs appeared to be located in noncoding, nonregulatory regions of the gene. These findings suggest that the γ‐PKC isozyme is largely responsible for the PKC activity difference in C57BL and DBA hippocampus that has been reported previously and may be closely associated with differences in learning ability observed in these strains.
Identification of a novel stereotypic IGHV4-59/IGHJ5-encoded B-cell receptor subset expressed by various B-cell lymphomas with high affinity rheumatoid factor activity

Subsets of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been identified that express near-identical B-cell receptors (BCRs), strongly suggesting selection by restricted antigenic epitopes. We here report a new IGV mutated stereotypic IGHV4-59/IGHJ5-encoded BCR subset, expressed in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related B-cell lymphoma, MALT lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We demonstrate that these mutated stereotypic IGHV4-59/IGHJ5 BCRs are high affinity monoreactive rheumatoid factors (RFs) underscoring the significance of IgG as a major auto-antigen in the pathogenesis of several types of B-cell lymphoma.
Cost Dependent QoS-based Discovery of Web Services

The role of the web services for development of distributed applications steadily increases over time. However, the rising number of available web services with the same functionality embarrasses clients during selection of such a one that fits best their requirements. To solve this problem, web service selection process needs to concern not only functional but also nonfunctional (QoS) properties of web services. The clients need to know the quality of the offered web services as well as what will be the price that they should pay for that quality. This paper contributes to this challenge by presenting an algorithm that allows clients to select the web service with an optimal correlation between quality and price.
CT screening for lung cancer: coping with nihilistic recommendations.

The practicing radiologist today is well persuaded that earlier diagnosis of lung cancer can be achieved with traditional-type radiography and especially with modern computed tomography. The practitioner also is confident that intervention in the context of earlier diagnosis is more effective in preventing death due to this otherwise fatal disease. The practitioner is thus inclined to consider such screening in a high-risk person with suitably long life expectancy, especially when asked to provide it. On the other hand, the practitioner is aware of official recommendations against lung cancer screening, said to be based on demonstrated lack of effectiveness of traditional radiographic screening. Some researchers have expressed concerns about screening-associated "overdiagnosis. " Given this dilemma, the critically thinking practitioner is concerned to understand the foundation of the official nihilism in evidence and reasoning, as she or he suspects that something may be seriously wrong in this. This article is an attempt to help such a practitioner in this effort--an effort that in the end is rewarded by the comforting realization that the nihilistic recommendations and hesitation-provoking cautions are founded on pseudoevidence and specious reasoning.
Asking Price Mechanism with Dynamic Arrivals

This paper studies a popular selling mechanism relevant to the Australian housing market in which the seller of the object posts an asking price to attract potential buyers for further negotiations. The game is studied in a dynamic setting with the possibility of more than one potential buyer arriving at each period. The game is designed such that in the event when only one buyer arrives, the seller engages in negotiation with that buyer and when two or more buyers arrive, the seller runs an auction with a reserve price. We show the conditions under which this mechanism can extract more expected payoffs to the seller comparing to a uniform price selling or an standard auction. The selling mechanism we study is applicable to many real world markets, specially the housing market of Australia and adds to the theoretical literature by explaining why sometimes sale prices are higher than the asking prices. We also explain the role of the asking price in the relevant markets. Other small variations of this mechanism are also studied for the purposes of comparison.
MCMC Algorithm and Simulation of a Class of Jump VaR Estimation

This paper develops a class of jump stochastic volatility threshold model of VaR Estimation from a Bayesian viewpoint. Bayesian inferences of the unknown parameters are obtained with respect to a subjective prior distribution via Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) method, MCMC algorithm and the value at risk(VaR) predictive are also developed. Based on simulation, if the jump is not Considered, the value at risk is overestimated. The precision of value at risk estimation is increased.
Correlation Between Circulating HIV-1 RNA and Broad HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Activity

Objective:To examine the relationship between HIV-1 antigenic load (plasma RNA copies/mL) and broad HIV-1 neutralizing antibody activity. Methods:Plasma from 120 HIV-1-infected patients, including HIV-1 natural viral suppressors (similar to elite controllers), was tested for neutralization against 15 Tier 1/Tier 2 HIV-1 pseudoviruses. Broad HIV-1 neutralizing antibody activity was confirmed with immunoglobulin G and heterlogous clade testing (18 pseudoviruses from Clades A, C, and CRF02_AG). Statistical analysis was performed to determine factors associated with broad HIV-1 neutralizing antibody activity. Results:Ten individuals with broad HIV-1 neutralizing antibody activity were identified. These individuals had a median CD4 count of 589 cells per microliter (range 202-927), 1611 HIV-1 RNA copies per milliliter (range 110-8964), and 13 years since HIV diagnosis (range 1-22). There was a significant correlation between the presence of broadly neutralizing antibodies in those with HIV-1 RNA between 100 and 10,000 copies per milliliter compared with those <100 or >10,000 copies per milliliter (P = 0.0003 and 0.0245, respectively). Individuals with HIV-1 RNA 100-10,000 copies per milliliter had a higher number of Tier 2 viruses neutralized compared with the <100 or >10,000 copies per milliliter groups (P ≤ 0.0001 and P = 0.076, respectively). Male sex was associated with broad HIV-1 neutralizing antibody activity (P = 0.016). Conclusions:These results indicate that low but persistent HIV antigen expression correlates with broad HIV-1 neutralizing antibody activity. At higher levels of plasma viremia, neutralization titers were diminished. Conversely, at lower levels, there seems to be insufficient antigen stimulation to maintain high neutralization titers. These findings may have important implications in furthering the understanding of the humoral response to HIV infection.
The Role of Business Networks in the Internationalization of Estonian Chemical Industry Enterprises

The awareness of business networks and skilled use of resources available through them make it possible to accelerate the process of internationalization and also increase the success from movement into a foreign market. The role of business networks in the internationalization of the firms is analyzed in this working paper on the example of Estonian small and medium-sized chemical industry enterprises. For studying the role of business networks in the internationalization of Estonian chemical industry enterprises seven Estonian chemical firms will be monitored using case study method. Research shows that business networks have an important role in the internationalization of Estonian small and medium-sized chemical firms. The main positive impact from a business network to a firm entering a foreign market is the provision of support and information about the target market. The negative impact comes from firms on a dominating position in a business network (mainly competitors and holding companies), who constrain firm’s internationalization.
The Combination of Chemotherapy and Systemic Immunotherapy and the Concept of Cure in Murine Leukemia and Lymphoma

While important advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular and biochemical processes that lead to the malignant transformation of myeloid and lymphoid cells, no major breakthroughs leading to long-term survival of patients of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and lymphoma have been achieved during the last decade. Treatment failure, particularly in AML, is mostly related to the problem of resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs and the morbidity and mortality associated with intensive chemotherapy. Thus, a significant challenge that remains is to develop novel therapeutic strategies that would ideally be able to address these issues. Novel immune approaches to cancer immunotherapy, while promising for specificity and long-term protection as single therapies, have not typically proven potent enough to generate long-lasting therapeutic responses. Recent evidence suggests that combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy can lead to increased effectiveness of chemotherapy without making the treatment intolerable to patients. This review focuses on the role of T cell costimulation in tumor immunosurveillance and on the therapeutic efficacy of a combination regimen consisting of chemotherapy and immunotherapy with recombinant B7.2-IgG fusion protein in preclinical AML and lymphoma models.
Experimental comparison of the immunogenicity of antigens in the residue of ultrasonated avirulent Pasteurella pestis with a vaccine prepared with killed virulent whole organisms.

Several P. pestis cell wall antigens were prepared by repeated ultrasonation, and their toxicity and immunogenicity were studied and compared with killed virulent whole organism vaccine by means of toxicity, serologic and immunogenicity tests in guinea pigs and mice. The antigenic components were determined with the gel diffusion test. Preparation of the residue antigens requires a large quantity of starting material and is complicated in comparison with the preparation of killed whole organism vaccine. The solubility of the final material was less than that reported elsewhere. Only a small amount was available for toxicity tests, and this was toxic to neither mice nor guinea pigs. Guinea pigs inoculated with TJW or E. V. 76 in distilled water preparations had rather severe local reactions. The immunogenicity of the tested vaccines was satisfactory and similar except in a few tests in which the whole organism vaccine was superior to the others. In the test system, in which the interval between immunization and challenge was rather short, the antibody response expressed in serologic tests was not pronounced, but in some instances it gave a rough prediction of immunity. The virulence antigens V and W did not play an essential role in these tests. The immunity was directly related to Fraction I antibody. The administration of the whole organism vaccine in oil adjuvant to guinea pigs enhanced and sustained Fraction I antibody formation.
An adaptive approach to dealing with unstable behaviour of users in collaborative filtering systems

Recommendation systems manage information overload in order to present personalized content to users based on their interests. One of the most efficient recommendation approaches is collaborative filtering, through which recommendation is based on previously rated data. Collaborative filtering techniques feature impressive solutions for suggesting favourite items to certain users. However, recommendation methods fail to reflect fluctuations in users’ behaviour over time. In this article, we propose an adaptive collaborative filtering algorithm which takes time into account when predicting users’ behaviour. The transitive relationship from one user to another is considered when computing the similarity of two different users. We predict variations of users’ preferences using their profiles. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate than the classical collaborative filtering technique.
PREDICTING WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY A PREMIUM FOR ORGANICALLY GROWN FRESH PRODUCE

Consumers were surveyed at various grocery retail establishments in New Jersey to provide opinions on organic produce. The objective of this study was to empirically evaluate which demographic characteristics cause consumers to be more likely to pay a premium to obtain organically grown produce. The results indicate that females, those with higher annual incomes, younger individuals, and those who usually or always purchase organic produce are all more likely to pay a premium for organic produce. The results also indicate that the likelihood of paying a premium for organic produce decreases with the number of individuals living in the household.
A Comparison of CEO Pay in Public and Private US Firms

We provide a comprehensive comparison of CEO pay in public and private US firms over the period 1999 through 2008. The main difference between public and private firms is the existence for public firms of an active market for the firm’s shares. Consistent with the predictions of the optimal contracting models in which both managers and shareholders can trade in public equity markets we show that the structure of annual pay in public firms contains significant equity-based incentives, while private firms rely more on salary and bonus. Despite the larger amounts of equity-based pay, however, public firm CEOs have lower overall portfolio incentives. Additionally, pay in public firms is positively related to both accounting and stock price performance, while private firm pay is basically unrelated to firm performance. We also show that, all else equal, public firm CEOs earn an 18% pay premium over private firm CEOs—a result that appear to be driven by labor market segmentation between public and private firms. Finally, when firms transition from private to public status, we find that both the structure and level of pay change significantly in ways that corroborate our findings from the cross-section.
A small nucleolar guide RNA functions both in 2′‐O‐ribose methylation and pseudouridylation of the U5 spliceosomal RNA

In eukaryotes, two distinct classes of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), namely the fibrillarin‐associated box C/D snoRNAs and the Gar1p‐associated box H/ACA snoRNAs, direct the site‐specific 2′‐O‐ribose methylation and pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), respectively. We have identified a novel evolutionarily conserved snoRNA, called U85, which possesses the box elements of both classes of snoRNAs and associates with both fibrillarin and Gar1p. In vitro and in vivo pseudouridylation and 2′‐O‐methylation experiments provide evidence that the U85 snoRNA directs 2′‐O‐methylation of the C45 and pseudouridylation of the U46 residues in the invariant loop 1 of the human U5 spliceosomal RNA. The U85 is the first example of a snoRNA that directs modification of an RNA polymerase II‐transcribed spliceosomal RNA and that functions both in RNA pseudouridylation and 2′‐O‐methylation.
Approximated sum-product decoding for LDPC codes

This paper proposes an approximated sum-product decoding algorithm for LDPC codes. The proposed decoding algorithm may be efficiently implemented through integer additions, comparisons, and bit-shift operations without multiplications and memories. Moreover, it doesn't require any channel information such as signal to noise ratio and operate with just the received values from channel.
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3: TCP for Transactions, HTTP, NNTP, and the UNIX Domain Protocolls

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A novel design of a dispersion compensating fiber

We propose a novel dispersion compensating fiber design consisting of two highly asymmetric concentric cores. We show that the fundamental mode of the proposed fiber can have very large negative dispersion values [/spl sim/-5100 ps/(nm.km)] with larger mode field diameter (/spl sim/8-9 /spl mu/m) relative to the existing dispersion compensating fibers.
Optimal Debt Design and the Role of Bankruptcy

This paper integrates the problem of designing corporate bankruptcy rules into a theory of optimal debt structure. We show that, in an incomplete-contracts framework with imperfect renegotiation, having multiple creditors increases a firm's debt capacity while increasing its incentives to default strategically. The optimal debt contract gives creditors claims that are jointly inconsistent in case of default. Bankruptcy rules, therefore, are a necessary part of the overall financing contract, to make claims consistent and to prevent a value reducing run for the assets of the firm. It is not optimal to treat creditors asymmetrically in default, but creditors may be protected by different security rights.
Perceived Parental Behavioral Control and Psychological Control in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong

Chinese secondary school students (N = 3,017) responded to instruments measuring their subjective evaluation of parental behavioral control (including dimensions of parental knowledge, expectation, monitoring, discipline, and demandingness) and parental psychological control. Results showed that paternal behavioral control was perceived to be significantly lower than maternal behavioral control. Concerning the inter-relationships among different dimensions of parental behavioral control, different indicators of parental behavioral control were inter-related and parental monitoring was the strongest predictor of parental knowledge. While composite parental behavioral control was weakly related to parental psychological control, different aspects of parental behavioral control were differentially related to parental psychological control.
Gender Inequality in Small and Large Audit Firms

Women are still a minority in the audit profession, especially at the partner level. An increasing amount of literature has explored the sources of this gender inequality. Past studies have, however, neglected the possibility that the processes that lead to the (re)production of gender differences and hierarchies may differ between audit firms of different sizes. In this article, we combine quantitative with qualitative data to explore how gender inequalities regarding promotion and access to resources of power (at the partner level) might differ between audit firms of different sizes. Our data show that women who achieve partnership in large firms (but not in some smaller firms) are confronted with a second-level glass ceiling, as they do not play leading roles within their firms. This can be explained by the higher demands of commitment large firms place upon (prospective) partners and these firms’ greater focus on the commercial side of auditing.
A dynamic fault tolerance framework for remote robots

This paper presents a layered fault tolerance framework containing new fault detection and tolerance schemes. The framework is divided into servo, interface, and supervisor layers. The servo layer is the continuous robot system and its normal controller. The interface layer monitors the servo layer for sensor or motor failures using analytical redundancy based fault detection tests. A newly developed algorithm generates the dynamic thresholds necessary to adapt the detection tests to the modeling inaccuracies present in robotic control. Depending on the initial conditions, the interface layer can provide some sensor fault tolerance automatically without direction from the supervisor. If the interface runs out of alternatives, the discrete event supervisor searches for remaining tolerance options and initiates the appropriate action based on the current robot structure indicated by the fault tree database. The layers form a hierarchy of fault tolerance which provide different levels of detection and tolerance capabilities for structurally diverse robots. >
The evolution of psychoeducation for bipolar disorder: from lithium clinics to integrative psychoeducation

Coping and living with bipolar disorder is complex and sometimes counterintuitive. It demands a number of attitudes and aptitudes that include a huge emotional insight, healthy and regular lifestyle, skills to identify subtle changes and motivation to reach full treatment adherence. Patients' engagement and proactive attitude are a must for a successful therapeutic outcome. This may partly explain the therapeutic impact of psychoeducational programs in this disorder. However, the history of group psychoeducation in bipolar disorder is full of ups and downs. Interestingly enough, worldwide-respected opinion leaders in group therapy were initially not very enthusiastic with the use of such strategy with bipolar patients. I. Yalom, for instance, defined a bipolar patient as “one of the worst calamities that could befall group therapy” 1. Since then, the practice of psychoeducation has been evolving together with the conceptualization of bipolar disorder.
Sustainability and Environmental Risk Management in Canadian Banks and Financial Service Institutions – A Global Comparative Study

How do Canadian banks report about the integration of sustainability risks into corporate lending compared with their global peers and where are Canadian banks generally located regarding sustainability issues compared to their global peers? In this paper we report about the analysis of Canadian banks and financial institutions with respect to their sustainability performance. The qualitative and quantitative analyzes suggest that all analyzed institutions manage environmental risks in credit management to avoid financial risks. Some of the analyzed institutions even connect environmental and sustainability issues with their general business strategies. However, a disclosure of the monetary risks of environmental issues and the monetary benefit resulting from managing these risks are still missing. Thus it does not become clear to stakeholders to which amount the banks and financial institutions are at risk regarding environmental or sustainability issues. With respect to other sustainability issues than environmental risks in the lending business Canadian banks are performing well compared to their global peers. Only in the field of human rights and business ethics and product responsibility some of the five Canadian banks are not located in the top 10 per cent rank. Therefore it seems that there is a good basis for a further proactive behavior of Canadian banks and financial service institutions to establish and extend the sustainability lead.