Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VS,30 ESTIMATING MODELS FOR INDONESIA

Series of strong-motion instruments are being installed as part of the seismic hazard reduction program. One of the required information for an instrument station is the geotechnical characteristics, particularly the 30 m deep weighted average of shear wave velocity, VS,30. The VS,30 values of 25 strong-motion instrument stations in western part of Java Island and western-southern part of Sumatra Island were used to evaluate the topographical information and the geomorphological information based VS,30 estimation models. The ratio of the measured VS,30 to the estimated VS,30 is evaluated, and the simple statistical parameters could not suggest the better model. No apparent geographical and/or geological factors could be identified as the affecting factor as well. Furthermore, the ratio is found to decrease with increasing the estimated values. Based on these observations, several recommendations are proposed, including to develop a new VS,30 estimation model, specifically for Indonesia.
Detection of selected heavy metals and micronutrients in edible insect and their dependency on the feed using XRF spectrometry

Edible insect can be a valuable source of nutrients, but also a potential source of heavy metals. Quick detection of over-limit heavy metals concentration could be a key to processing and quick distribution of edible insect products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feed-dependent content of heavy metals in the mealworm and superworm using the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as an easy, cheap and a timeless screening method for evaluating the content of heavy metals and microelements. Using a handheld analyser the content of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were detected. Both analysed species proved dependency of metal content on a feed. Detected level of Cu in mealworm was between 571 mg.kg -1 and 1768 mg.kg -1 and in superworm from 571 mg.kg -1 to 1768 mg.kg -1 based on the feed. The content of Zn was similar, between 725 mg.kg -1 and 1437 mg.kg -1 in mealworm and 555-1482 mg.kg -1 in superworm. The level of Pb was below the detection limit in all samples, thus from this point of view this food seems to be safe. On the contrary, the content of Cd in the dry matter samples was above the food limit - 147 mg.kg -1 to 230 mg.kg -1 . From this point of view, the samples were evaluated as unsuitable for consuming.
STATUS OF BENZOIC ACID AMOUNT DURING PROCESSING FROM YOGHURT TO ITS BY-PRODUCT DRINK (DOOGH)

The addition of benzoic acid is forbidden in by-product drink of yoghurt "Doogh" in Iran. However, this preservative can be naturally found in milk and its products. A total of 24 and 48 samples of yoghurt and Doogh were analyzed by HPLC method to assess the natural and permitted amount of benzoic acid. All samples of yoghurt and Doogh contained benzoic acid in mean amount of 1.5-5.0 mg/kg and 0.8-4.7 mg/ L, respectively. These findings showed that the amount of 6 mg/L can be defined for benzoic acid as admissible limit for Doogh in Iran.
Spectrum of Congenital CNS Malformations in Children with Seizure Disorder

Introduction: Developmental malformations OF CNS are a complex group of congenital malformations often presenting with variable neurodevelopment dysfunction and seizures. The etiology of most of these malformations is not well known but chromosomal anomalies, monogenic disorders, maternal radiation exposure, teratogenic drugs and intrauterine infections are some of the major causes. Congenital CNS malformations are frequently associated with seizures and mental retardation. With advancement of imaging techniques (higher tesla magnetic resonance imaging and more sophisticated computed tomographic machines) it has now become possible to diagnose these malformations with precision. Hence this study has been undertaken to know incidence of CNS malformations and its clinical presentation in childhood seizure disorders. Aims and Objectives To study the incidence of CNS malformations and its clinical presentation in children with seizure disorder. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study done on 102 diagnosed cases of seizure disorder conducted in department of pediatrics, Grant Govt. Medical College & Sir J J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India. Cohort included 102 diagnosed case of seizure disorder in children up to 14 years of age. Neuroimaging data of all patients were evaluated for a 2 year period for presence of CNS malformations, and the clinical and electrophysiological data were analyzed. Results:Out of the studied cases 67 were males and 35 were females with a male to female ratio of 1: 0.52 . 28 (27.5%) cases of CNS malformations were reported on neuroimaging. The analysis of the CNS malformations revealed that out of the patients who were found to be having CNS malformation on either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging 12 (11.76%) were of Neural tube defects , 11(10.78%) were of Malformation of cortical development, 3 (2.94%) were of neurocutaneous syndrome, and 2(1.96%) were of dysgenesis of corpus collasum. Developmental delay was present in 53.6% cases and in 83 % cases age of onset of seizures was within 2 years of age. Significant association was seen with dysmorphic features (p-value<0.001), neurocutaneous markers (p-value<0.028), other congenital anomalies(p-value<0.048), and GTC convulsions(p-value<0.048). Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging both were done in 16/28 (57.14%). While only CT and only MRI was done in 4 and 8 patients respectively Conclusion:CNS malformations should be suspected in paediatric patients of seizure disorder presenting with developmental delay, dysmorphic features, neurocutaneous markers, other congenital anomalies, and early onset of seizures. MRI brain is superior to CT brain for diagnosis of CNS malformations.
Path analysis and multivariate factorial analyses for determining interrelationships between grain yield and related characters in maize hybrids

In order to study the association among yield components and their direct and indirect effects on the grain yield, 144 experimental maize hybrids in Kermanshah, Iran were evaluated in a lattice design with two replications. Analysis of variance, factor and sequential path analyses were carried out for the studied traits. Results of path analysis showed that two first-order variables, namely; 100 grain weight (100-GW) and total number of kernels per ear (TNK) revealed highest direct effects on total grain weight (TGW), while ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), number of kernel rows (NR) and number of kernels per row (NKR) were found to fit as second-order variables. Multivariate factorial analyses showed that six independent factors justified 77.852% of total data variations. The first and third justifications that explain 33.155% of the data variation was called yield and yield components. The second factor (14.121%) called traits was related to kernel depth. Other factors were phenology (11.060%), plant growth (11.038%) and tassel (8.478%). We concluded that hybrid number 69 (860002-2) has the highest grain yield. The traits 100 GW and TNK were shown to be the two important factors that affected the maize performance. Moreover, NKR showed the highest direct effect on TNK which showed the highest direct effect on TGW. Therefore, NKR could be used as a suitable index to improve grain yield too. Key words: Correlation, sequential path analysis, indirect selection.
Modification of Recombinant Human Collagen with Matrix Metalloproteinase Cleavage Sites

Author(s): Crakes, Dale | Advisor(s): Wang, Szu-Wen; Da Silva, Nancy A | Abstract: Collagen is the most abundant component of the extracellular matrix, and recombinant collagen is commonly used in tissue engineering applications. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a specific family of enzymes that can cleave and degrade collagen. Control of the degradability of a tissue engineered matrix is an important attribute, and the modulation of MMP-cleavable sites in collagen could lead to better control over the digestibility and ease of cell infiltration in a collagen matrix. Using a computer-optimized, modular collagen III gene, recombinant collagens were designed in which native MMP-cleavable sites were deleted, added, and moved along the length of the collagen molecule, and then expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MMP-1 was used to digest each of the collagen variants, and more complete digestion was seen in collagen variants featuring more MMP sites. Hydrogel formation featuring recombinant collagen was explored, but future effort is still needed before consistent hydrogel formation can be obtained. EDC / NHS chemistry was used to covalently stabilize our recombinant collagen, which has slightly decreased thermostability compared to human collagen. Cell adhesion assays were used to confirm the increased stability of the collagen and allow cell-based experiments to be performed at 37 °C.
Influencia de la humectabilidad, la técnica de aplicación y el envejecimiento de varios selladores de fisuras en la capacidad de sellado

En este trabajo se realizo un estudio experimental in vitro para evaluar en varios selladores dentales: la influencia de la humectabilidad, la influencia del tipo de preparacion del diente en la capacidad de sellado, la influencia del envejecimiento. Tambien se valoro la morfologia de la union y el sellado de varios materiales de obturacion. En una muestra de 260 piezas dentarias se estudiaron los parametros anteriormente mencionados con microscopia confocal, estereomicroscopio y microscopio electronico de barrido. Se encontro una relacion correlacion directamente proporcional entre la humectabilidad y la capacidad de penetracion. El uso de grabado, adhesivo y resina fluida junto con la ameloplastia aumenta la capacidad de penetracion de sellador. El envejecimiento afecta a la capacidad de sellado de los selladores. En las muestras en las que no se realizo ameloplastia se observo una incompleta penetracion del material.
Modeling of gettering of precipitated impurities from Si for carrier lifetime improvement in solar cell applications

Physical and numerical modeling of impurity gettering from multicrystalline Si for solar cell production has been carried out using Fe as a model impurity. Calculated change of nonradiative recombination coefficient of minority carriers in the course of gettering is used as a tool for evaluating the gettering efficiency. A derivation of the capture cross section of impurity precipitates, as compared to single atom recombination centers, is presented. Low efficiency of the conventional application of the gettering process is explained by the modeling results. The variable temperature gettering process is modeled and predicted to provide high gettering efficiency and short needed gettering times.
THE ANALYSIS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN CHINA

This paper has used a comparative study for the key findings of the experimental studies. The several aspects such as the legal framework, economic, culture and macro environment are subjected to be compared to measure the main gap as the issues between theoretical legal framework and IPR administrative procedures in China. In addition, this paper includes several sources of experimental data from library, journals and Internet in order to obtain the accurate information for the comparative study.
Natural Crown as Immediate implant Provisional Prosthesis

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe a clinical case in which the patient’s failing tooth was extracted and with minute modifications the same crown was used as provisional’s after immediate implant placement. Esthetic single tooth implant placement using traditional two stage surgery or single stage in anterior maxilla is well-documented in literature. Several complications can occur in healing phase like loss of papilla, ridge resorption, tissue loss, etc. Patients own tooth with preserved crown architecture can be utilized as provisional as it may provide acceptable gingival esthetics, maintenance of interproximal contours , palatal adaptation, better tooth shape and preservation of both papilla.
Effect of Different Sanitizers on Microbial, Sensory and Nutritional Quality of Fresh-Cut Jalapeno Peppers

Problem statement: Sanitation is a critical step to insure safety of fresh-cut produce. The inadequacies of chlorine, currently used as a sanitizer, have stimulated interest in finding safer, more effective sanitizers, however little is known on the impact of these novel sanitizers on sensory and nutrimental quality of the treated products. Approach: The effect of four sanitizers: Sodium hypochlorite (OCl), Peroxiacetic Acid (PA), Acidified Sodium Chlorite (ASC) and carvacrol on microbiological, sensorial and nutritional quality (total phenols, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity) of fresh-cut jalapeno peppers stored at 5Â°C during 27 days was evaluated. Results: All sanitizers (except carvacrol) maintained microbiological and overall quality of jalapeno peppers during 27 days. ASC (500 and 250 mg L-1) maintained the best microbiological and sensorial properties at the end of the storage period. Carvacrol, active ingredient of oregano essential oil, maintained shelf life for only 17 days. At the end of the storage period, all treatments showed a decrease of 12-43% respect to the initial vitamin C values. Total phenols and antioxidant capacity decreased in a lesser degree. None of the treatments except ACS 500 mg L-1, induced higher losses of vitamin C, total phenols or antioxidant capacity compared to control. Conclusion: Our results showed that all sanitizers were capable of controlling microbial growth without inducing major loss of antioxidant capacity and photochemical. Carvacrol was the only sanitizer that reduced sensory acceptability of fresh-cut jalapeno peppers, however carvacrol treated samples retained the highest levels of photochemical and antioxidant capacity. ASC was the most effective sanitizer even though it was used at concentrations lower that those currently approved by the FDA.
Food and Feeding Habits of the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Lake Koka, Ethiopia

Feeding habits of Cyprinus carpio was studied in Lake Koka, Ethiopia, in April and May (dry months) and July and August (wet months), 2011. The objective of the study was to identify the diet composition, seasonal variation in diet and ontogenetic dietary shift. Gut contents of 435 fish were analyzed using frequency of occurrence and volumetric analysis. In frequency of occurrence method the number of gut samples was expressed as a percentage of all non-empty stomachs examined while in volumetric method the volume of each food category was expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the gut contents. Detritus, insects and macrophytes were the dominant food categories occurring in 97.0%, 85.2% and 53.3% of the guts and comprising 39.8%, 36.4% and 12.4% of the total volume of food items, respectively. The remaining food categories were of low importance in the diet. The frequency of occurrence and volumetric contributions of the different food categories of C. carpio significantly varied (U-test, p<0.05) during the dry and wet seasons. During the dry season, insects and detritus were important food categories, occurring in 94.4% and 98.6 of the guts and comprising 42.3% and 36.1% of the total volume of food, respectively. During the wet season, detritus was the most important food category. It occurred in 93.9% of the guts and accounted for 48.8% of the total volume of food. Insects and macrophytes were also important during the wet season, occurring in 68.2% and 74.3% of the guts and comprising 23.6% and 22.6% of the total volume of food, respectively. The contributions of animal origin food categories were important in the diet of juveniles whereas, food of plant origin were more important in the diet of adults. However, there were no significant variations in the diet of individuals in the different size classes. Based on the results, it was concluded that C. carpio was omnivorous in its feeding habits in Lake Koka with considerable seasonal variation but insignificant onto genetic change in its diet.
Gender Comparison of the Performance of Secondary Level Institutional Heads in DIK, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This study was done keeping in view importance of the role of administrators in the success of educational institutions. The prime focus was comparison of the effectiveness of male and female Institutional heads working in different secondary schools of district Dera Ismail Khan, situated in the south of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Major areas of comparison remained percepts, leadership styles and efficiency of the Institutional heads, perceived by the teachers appointed in respective schools. Findings of the study revealed that female Institutional heads prove to be comparatively better administrators showing keen interest in institutional administration, motivating their team for hard work and keeping coordinal relationship with staff and parents. KEYWORDS: Gender, Performance, Secondary Level, Institutional Heads
Elemental Composition of Ambient Fine Particles in Urban Schools: Sources of Children’s Exposure

Currently, there is a limited understanding of the sources of ambient fine particles that contribute to the exposure of children at urban schools. Since the size and chemical composition of airborne particle are key parameters for determining the source as well as toxicity, PM1 particles (mass concentration of particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1 µm) were collected at 24 urban schools in Brisbane, Australia and their elemental compositions determined. Based on the elemental compositions four main sources were identified; secondary sulphates, biomass burning, vehicle and industrial emissions. While secondary sulphates were likely to be a large contributing source by mass, industrial emissions accounted for the most variation in trace metals in the PM1 that children were exposed to at the schools. PM1 concentrations at the schools were compared to the elemental composition of the PM2.5 particles (mass concentration of particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) from a previous study conducted at a suburban and roadside site in Brisbane. This comparison suggested that the more toxic heavy metals (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb), mostly from vehicle and industrial emissions, were predominantly in the PM1 fraction. Thus, the results from this study points to PM1 as a potentially good particle size fraction for investigating the health effects of airborne particles. Further work is required to confirm this hypothesis.
Crop Management for Soil Carbon Sequestration

Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from agriculture is related to increasing and protecting soil organic matter (SOM) concentration. Agricultural soils can be a significant sink for atmospheric carbon (C) through increase of the SOM concentration. The natural ecosystems such as forests or prairies, where C gains are in equilibrium with losses, lose a large fraction of the antecedent C pool upon conversion to agricultural ecosystems. Adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs) can enhance the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool to fill the large C sink capacity on the world's agricultural soils. This article collates, reviews, and synthesizes the available information on SOC sequestration by RMPs, with specific references to crop rotations and tillage practices, cover crops, ley farming and agroforestry, use of manure and biosolids, N fertilization, and precision farming and irrigation. There is a strong interaction among RMPs with regards to their effect on SOC concentration and soil quality. The new equilibrium SOC level may be achieved over 25 to 50 years. While RMPs are being adapted in developed economies, there is an urgent need to encourage their adoption in developing countries. In addition to enhancing SOC concentration, adoption of RMPs also increases agronomic yield. Thus, key to enhancing soil quality and achieving food security lies in managing agricultural ecosystems using ecological principles which lead to enhancement of SOC pool and sustainable management of soil and water resources.
The Galactic distribution of magnetic fields in molecular clouds and HII regions

Magnetic fields exist on all scales in our Galaxy. There is a controversy about whether the magnetic fields in molecular clouds are preserved from the permeated magnetic fields in the interstellar medium (ISM) during cloud formation. We investigate this controversy using available data in the light of the newly revealed magnetic field structure of the Galactic disk obtained from pulsar rotation measures (RMs).
The Contribution of Rising School Quality to U . S . Economic Growth

This paper explores how much U.S. labor quality has increased due to rising school spending. Given a drastic increase in the U.S. public school spending per pupil during the 20th century, accounting only for the increases in mean years of schooling of the workforce may miss out on a signi cant part of labor quality growth. In order to estimate the impact of rising school spending on labor quality growth, I examine how earnings of younger cohorts compare to those of older cohorts, beyond the estimated Mincer return to schooling. My ndings are that rising school spending is about half as important as increases in mean years of schooling for U.S. labor quality growth, and that labor quality growth explains about one quarter of the growth in labor productivity between 1967 and 2000. The growth in human capital of the workforce due to rising school spending explains only a quarter of the increases in empirical returns to schooling, and a rising skill premium explains the rest. Controlling for the rise in skill premium is importantfailing to do so would double the estimated importance of the increased expenditure to growth in human capital. Keywords: Rising School Quality, Labor Quality Growth, Growth Accounting JEL Classi cations: J24, O47, O51 This is a revised version of chapter 1 of my Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the University of Rochester. I am deeply indebted to Mark Bils for his generous support and encouragement. I also thank Mark Aguiar, Yongsung Chang, Jay H. Hong, and seminar participants at the University of Rochester, the State University of New York at Bu¤alo, the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Korea Development Institute, Far Eastern Meeting of the Econometric Society 2008, and Midwest Macro Meetings 2007 for their valuable comments. All errors are mine. y Dept. of Economics, University at Bu¤alo (SUNY), Bu¤alo, NY 14260. Email: hyemiyou@bu¤alo.edu
Conserving landraces and improving livelihoods: how to assess the success of on-farm conservation projects?

Smallholder farmers who grow diverse landraces in centres of crop diversity contribute to sustaining the capacity of agricultural and food systems to adapt to change by maintaining crop evolution in their fields today, thus enabling humanity to continue to have the broad genetic variation needed to adapt crops to changes tomorrow. Given this fact, the last 20 years have witnessed an ever-growing interest in on-farm conservation of crop infra-specific diversity. While numerous projects to support it have been, and continue to be, implemented worldwide, there has been very little systematic assessment of the extent to which these projects have been effective at contributing to the maintenance of crop diversity on-farm and the creation of associated benefits for the farmers involved. The factors and relationships implicated in attaining conservation and livelihood results are complex, so that a conceptual scheme that brings them together in a simplified but coherent fashion can be extremely useful for the scientists, donors, policy-makers and practitioners concerned. This paper presents a conceptual framework for analysing on-farm projects, the trade-offs involved and assesses their success in a more systematic way.