Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Trapezoidal Wave Control Method for a Single-Phase Grid-Tied T-Type Inverter

Triangular conduction mode (TCM) is used in grid-tied inverters to achieve high efficiency by its soft switching feature. However, it suffers from a wide switching frequency variation over the whole power range, which impacts the weighted efficiency. To address this issue, this article proposes a novel trapezoidal wave control method for a single-phase grid-tied T-type inverter. By the proposed method, the inductor current is divided into three stages in a switching cycle, so it looks like trapezoidal wave rather than triangular wave. The proposed trapezoidal wave has two independent conduction times. In order to simplify the control, the proportion between the two conduction times is controlled as a variable. As a result, only one conduction time needs to be calculated, and the derived equation is easy to be calculated in digital controllers. Furthermore, this article proposes a design consideration for the value selection of the proportion between the two conduction times, which ensures proper operation of the circuit. The proposed scheme has three advantages. First, it realizes soft switching in every switching cycle. Second, it reduces the switching frequency and related losses compared to the full-bridge inverter in TCM operation and thus improves efficiency. Third, it can be applied over the whole line cycle as a uniform operation mode. Therefore, mode transitions are avoided, which improves the quality of the grid-injected current. A prototype has been built and the experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Productivity and physiological response of lactating Holstein cows to sugarcane supplementation and evaporative cooling under heat-stress

Abstract The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of sugarcane and maize silage mixture v. maize silage in diets of Holstein cows and investigate performance under two environmental conditions. The cows were placed in freestalls, with individuals and stalls assigned to one of four treatments according to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 20-day periods divided into 11 days of adaptation (wash-out period) and 9 days of collection. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design: total diets (maize silage (MS-based diet), the roughage mixture (RM-based diet, sugarcane : maize silage, 500 : 500 g/kg DM) plus concentrate); environmental conditions (with (W) and without (Wo) fan and nebulizers); and measurement times (09.40 and 14.00 h). The temperature and relative humidity was higher at 14.00 h and contributed to increased temperature-humidity index (76.6, W v. 75.9, Wo). Feed dry matter intake (DMI) was similar between diets (20.2 kg/day), but milk production and feed efficiency were lower with RM. Under W conditions, higher fat content and total solids of milk were observed with the RM-based diet, while crude protein and lactose were higher with MS. The Wo conditions increased body surface temperature (BS) in cows fed MS. The rectal temperature (RT) was higher with RM. The BS, RT and respiratory rate were higher at 14.00 h (34.9, 38.6 °C and 58.2 breaths/min) than at 09.40 h. The RM-based diet maintained DMI and milk composition, but not milk production. The use of the cooling system led to higher DMI and feed N efficiency use.
Attention-Aware Encoder–Decoder Neural Networks for Heterogeneous Graphs of Things

Recent trend focuses on using heterogeneous graph of things (HGoT) to represent things and their relations in the Internet of Things, thereby facilitating the applying of advanced learning frameworks, i.e., deep learning (DL). Nevertheless, this is a challenging task since the existing DL models are hard to accurately express the complex semantics and attributes for those heterogeneous nodes and links in HGoT. To address this issue, we develop attention-aware encoder–decoder graph neural networks for HGoT, termed as HGAED. Specifically, we utilize the attention-based separate-and-merge method to improve the accuracy, and leverage the encoder–decoder architecture for implementation. In the heart of HGAED, the separate-and-merge processes can be encapsulated into encoding and decoding blocks. Then, blocks are stacked for constructing an encoder–decoder architecture to jointly and hierarchically fuse heterogeneous structures and contents of nodes. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of HGAED over state-of-the-art baselines.
Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from meat and meat products

This study was aimed at the molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from meat and meat products. A total of 100 samples comprising of chicken meat (30), mutton (20), chevon (20) and RTE meat products (30) were collected from Udaipur city (Rajasthan). The prevalence of E. coli were recorded in chicken meat, mutton, chevon and RTE meat products as 56.66% (17), 45% (9), 40% (8) and 13.33% (4), respectively. Out of total 38 E. coli isolates, 12 isolates were found to be multi drug resistant. On molecular profiling, all the 12 MDR isolates were found to be positive for uidA gene. Out of the 12 isolates, 16.66% (2) were positive for virulence gene (stx1). The prevalence of blaTEM and blaOXA antibiotic resistant genes was observed as 83.33% (10) and 8.33% (1), respectively.
Phytochemical ingredients and pharmacological potential of Calendula officinalis Linn. 

Calendula officinalis Linn. commonly known as marigold has long history of usage by the folklore system. It has a high economic value as herbal medicine and is widely used in cosmetics, perfumes, dyes, pharmaceutical preparations and food products for centuries. The plant has been approved for food use and appears in the food and drug administration (FDA) list of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substances. The literature available for the comprehensive review study were taken from the different worldwide accepted scientific database, journals, books for botanical description, pharmacological properties and ethno-botanical uses of C. officinalis Linn. Natural products containing calendula either as extract or oil are complex mixtures containing hundreds of biologically active constituents such as carotenoids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, phenolic acids, lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, etc. These phytoconstituents have wide applicability in food and cosmetic industries besides their therapeutic applications viz. as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-proliferative, antiparasitic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and wound healing potential in experimental and clinical trials. Being useful therapeutic agents in their own right, an understanding of these traditional medicines has provided new plant derived drug leads to modern medicine for therapeutic application.
Quantum Coherence and Energy Landscapes in Photosynthetic Systems Investigated with Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy

Author(s): Calhoun, Tessa Rae | Advisor(s): Fleming, Graham R | Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy has recently emerged as a powerful technique for the study of complex photodynamics in a variety of condensed phase systems. The application of this technique to both photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes and chromophore solutions has provided insight into their intricate excitation energy transfer mechanisms and landscapes. Analysis of beating peak amplitudes in 2D spectra of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson bacteriochlorophyll complex combined with changing lineshapes has revealed signals consistent with excitonic coherence. In addition, the long lifetime of the coherence indicates a reversible, wavelike motion of energy through the complex as opposed to the classical hopping picture. This quantum-mechanical behavior may explain the near unity quantum efficiency of excitation energy transfer observed in networks of photosynthetic complexes. The inclusion of a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier producing broad bandwidth pulses enables the exploration of excitonic coherence in Light Harvesting Complex II, the most abundant antenna complex in higher plants. Long-lived quantum coherence is again observed suggesting this to be a universal phenomenon in natural photosynthetic systems. To expand upon these findings, a coherence power spectrum is produced. This novel technique allows the first direct experimental determination of the excitonic energy levels. In another set of experiments, the building an adaptive, pulse-shaping apparatus allows optimal compression of the broad bandwidth pulses for use in probing the debated electronic structure of β-carotene. Oscillating lineshapes reveal coupling of electronic states to high energy vibrational modes while the short pulses allow the initial dynamics of this system to be studied in unprecedented detail revealing several new features whose origins are still under investigation.
A Reversible Data Hiding Based on Histogram Shifting of Prediction Errors for Two-Tier Medical Images

Clinics and hospitals have already adopted more technological resources to provide a faster and more precise diagnostic for patients, health care providers, and institutes of medicine. Security issues get more and more important in medical services via communication resources such as Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi), third generation of mobile telecommunications technology (3G), and other mobile devices to connect medical systems from anywhere. Furthermore, cloud-based medical systems allow users to access archived medical images from anywhere. In order to protect medical images, lossless data hiding methods are efficient and easy techniques. In this paper, we present a data hiding of two-tier medical images based on histogram shifting of prediction errors. The median histogram shifting technique and prediction error schemes as the two-tier hiding have high capacity and PSNR in 16-bit medical images.
High-Gain Phased Array Antenna With Endfire Radiation for 26 GHz Wide-Beam-Scanning Applications

In this communication, a high-gain phased array antenna with wide-angle beam-scanning capability is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave applications. First, a novel, endfire, dual-port antenna element with dual functionalities of radiator and power splitter is designed. The element is composed of a substrate integrated cavity (SIC) and a dipole based on it. The resonant frequencies of the SIC and dipole can be independently tuned to broaden the impedance bandwidth. Based on this dual-port element, a four-element subarray can be easily constructed without resorting to a complicated feeding network. The endfire subarray features broad beamwidth of over 180°, high isolation, and low profile, rendering it suitable for wide-angle beam-scanning applications in the H-plane. In addition, the methods of steering the radiation pattern downward or upward in the E-plane are investigated. As a proof of concept, two phased array antennas each consisting of eight subarrays are designed and fabricated to achieve the broadside and wide-angle beam-scanning radiation. Thanks to the elimination of surface wave, the mutual coupling between the subarrays can be reduced for improving the scanning angle while suppressing the sidelobe level. The experimental predictions are validated by measurement results, showing that the beam of the antenna can be scanned up to 65° with a scanning loss only 3.7 dB and grating lobe less than −15 dB.
Prioritising the Poor

The world's poorest countries face a trilemma when tackling COVID-19, including being at the back of the queue for vital medical supplies. This new issue of Trade Hot Topics analyses the trade flows in COVID-19-related medical goods, identifying the main suppliers to Commonwealth LDCs and their potential exposure to recent trade measures affecting such exports. It provides policy recommendations to ensure equitable distribution of these essential medical supplies.
Crystal structure of AtaTR bound with AcCoA

AtaT-AtaR is an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli toxin-antitoxin system that modulates cellular growth under stress conditions. AtaT and AtaR act as a toxin and its repressor, respectively. AtaT is a member of the GNAT family, and the dimeric AtaT acetylates the α-amino group of the aminoacyl moiety of methionyl initiator tRNAfMet, thereby inhibiting translation initiation. The crystallographic analysis of the AtaT-AtaR complex revealed that the AtaT-AtaR proteins form a heterohexameric [AtaT-(AtaR4)-AtaT] complex, where two V-shaped AtaR dimers bridge two AtaT molecules. The N-terminal region of AtaR is required for its dimerization, and the C-terminal region of AtaR interacts with AtaT. The two AtaT molecules are spatially separated in the AtaT-AtaR complex. AtaT alone forms a dimer in solution, which is enzymatically active. The present structure, in which AtaR prevents AtaT from forming an active dimer, reveals the molecular basis of the AtaT toxicity repression by the antitoxin AtaR.
Formal semantics of hybrid automata

Hybrid Automata (HA) form the backbone of modeling systems with both discrete and continuous components. However, the semantics of HA are usually described loosely using Labeled Transition Systems (LTS), and reasoning about HA involves informal proofs over LTS. In this paper, we propose a formally rigorous, concise, and semantically correct deﬁnition of HA in Matching Logic (ML), which is a uniform logic for programming languages design and veriﬁcation. We show how our deﬁnition allows formal reasoning about HA using ML’s proof sys-tem. Our approach exposes HA to a rich set of tools that operate over ML and provide a sound logical basis for various techniques like Deductive Veriﬁcation, Monitoring and Runtime Veriﬁcation.
A Tale of Three Cities: The Rise of Dubai, Singapore, and Miami Compared

The literature on “global cities”, following a publication by Saskia Sassen of a book under the same title, has focused on those prime centers of the capitalist economy that concentrate on command-and-control functions in finance and trade worldwide. New York, London, Tokyo, and sometimes, Frankfurt and Paris are commonly cited as such centers. In recent years, however, another set of mercantile and financial centers have arisen. They reproduce, on a regional basis, the features and functions of the prime global cities. Dubai, Miami, and Singapore have emerged during the first quarter of the XXI century as such new regional centers. This paper explores the history of the three; the mechanisms that guided their ascent to their present position; and the pitfalls—political and ecological—that may compromise their present success. The rise of these new global cities from a position of insignificance is primarily a political story, but the stages that the story followed and the key participants in it are quite different. A systematic comparison of the three cities offer a number of lessons for urban scholarship and development policies. Such lessons are supplemented by the experiences of other cities that attempted to achieve or sustain a similar global status but failed, for various reasons, to do so. Such experiences are also discussed in the conclusion.
Effect of Industrial Relations on Employees’ Commitment in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Nigeria

The study assessed effect of industrial relations on employees’ commitment in Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation ( NNPC ), Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study comprises 2820 staff of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Corporate Headquarters, Abuja. The study used Taro Yamane to determine the sample size of 349 and the management staff of 26. The method of data collection used by this study was a questionnaire that was administered to the respondents. The statistical tools used are multiple regressions. The findings revealed that industrial relations have a positive and insignificant effect on employees’ commitment in NNPC, Abuja. Other findings were that collective bargaining has a positive and insignificant effect on employees’ commitment in NNPC, Abuja, and industrial harmony has a positive and significant effect on employees’ commitment in NNPC, Abuja while remuneration has a positive and insignificant effect on employees’ commitment in NNPC, Abuja. The study recommended that NNPC, Abuja headquarters should try to improve on their industrial relations tool such as collective bargaining to ensure that employees are committed to work since it has positive relationship. They should apply policies that will enhance employees’ commitment in the aspect of industrial harmony. They should also improve on remuneration of the employees to ensure that employees are encouraged to be committed to their work. Keywords: Industrial Relations, Industrial Harmony, Collective Bargaining, Employees’ Commitment DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/67-04 Publication date: July 31 st 2020
Model-Based Elaboration of a Limited Sampling Strategy in the Bioequivalence Assessment of Highly Variable Dabigatran

Background: The bioequivalence (BE) assessment of generic (Test) and brand name (Reference) formulations of drugs with steep exposure-response relationships exhibiting high pharmacokinetic (PK) variability such as dabigatran represent an expensive challenge for pharmaceutical companies. Supported by the population pharmacokinetics (pop-PK) approach, the present article investigates modelling potential to assess BE using a reduced number of blood samples. Methods: Pop-PK models for the Reference and Test formulations were developed retrospectively using standard modeling techniques for a BE study of dabigatran. Reduced sampling scenarios were selected and the developed pop- PK models were refitted on each dataset for the respective formulations. These models were simulated to generate virtual PK profiles to be tested with the standard BE criteria, in order to identify the scenarios maintaining the original BE conclusions with the least samples required. Results: The BE study original data was best described as a pop-PK model presenting two compartments with first order elimination and absorption, as well as an absorption lag time. Sex was identified as a significant covariate with impact on bioavailability. Using a rational sampling selection procedure under the framework of modeling and simulation, the results proved that the BE verdict could be maintained with only five of the 20 original blood samples using the current regulatory BE standards and criteria. Conclusion: We conclude that the pop-PK model-based BE assessment can be an efficient tool for aiding the BE assessment of dabigatran by significantly reducing the number of samples required, and consequently lower trial costs and increase benefits for enrolled participants.
Validierung des Einflusses komprimierender Sleeves auf die Muskulatur des Oberschenkels während lokomotorischer Belastung

Die Zahl der Hersteller von Kompressionskleidung auf dem Sportmarkt nimmt derzeit exorbitant zu. Viele der Anbieter versprechen regenerations- oder performancesteigernde Eigenschaften. Jedoch beziehen sich die meisten dieser Behauptungen lediglich auf subjektive Kriterien oder sind nur anekdotisch bis nicht durch Daten belegt. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde deswegen der Effekt des Tragens von komprimierenden Sleeves auf die elektrophysiologischen Beanspruchungsparameter der Muskulatur der unteren Extremitat mittels Oberflachen-EMG als funktionelle in-vivo Methode untersucht. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war die vergleichende Analyse der Wirkung der Sleeves auf die elektromyographische Aktivitat der Oberschenkelmuskulatur, da damit indirekte Ruckschlusse auf die energetische Situation der untersuchten Muskeln gezogen werden konnen. Dabei wurden verschiedene statische (Stehen in Ruhe und modifizierter Wandsitz) und lokomotorische (Gehen und Rennen) Situationen mit und ohne Verwendung komprimierender Sleeves miteinander verglichen. Insgesamt wurden 22 gesunde, sportlich aktive, mannliche Probanden an zwei Messzeitpunkten mit vierwochigem Abstand untersucht, jeweils randomisiert mit und ohne Tragen der Sleeves. Die angewendeten lokomotorischen Belastungen erfolgten in abgestuften Geschwindigkeiten (Gehen mit 4, 6 und 8 km/h, Rennen mit 8, 10, 12 und 14 km/h) auf einem Laufband. Um potentielle Ermudungseffekte zu vermeiden, wurde jede untersuchte Geschwindigkeit mit 30 Doppelschritten absolviert. Zusatzlich erfolgte eine statische Ermudungsbelastung in Form eines modifizierten Wandsitzes. Fur die vorliegende Studie wurden beidseitig funf Oberschenkelmuskeln analysiert. Hauptanalyseparameter war die Amplitude (rms) der untersuchten Muskeln, der fur die Ermudungsbelastung um die mittlere Frequenz (MF) erganzt wurde. In statischen Situationen zeigte die Anwendung der Oberschenkelsleeves sowohl beim Stehen in Ruhe (p=0,447, p=0,028) als auch bei der statischen Ermudungsbelastung.
On-farm seed priming interventions in agronomic crops

Priming techniques are gaining importance in agriculture with the increase in environmental stresses. Resource-poor farmers are in urgent need of such techniques as they are simple, economical, and value-added intervention associated with low-risk bearing factors. Seed enhancement methods are key to improve seed performance and achieve a good stand establishment. Worldwide beneficial effects of priming are recorded. But these technologies have still not reached most farmers. This review highlights the importance of on-farm priming strategies in modern crop production system to yield better productivity and obtain higher economic returns. Stimulation of the pre-germination metabolic changes by priming is necessary to overcome the environmental challenges that a plant can encounter. Thus, the study also focuses on mechanisms associated with priming-induced stress tolerance of crops. Various safe practical methods of seed priming can be easily adopted by the farming community to alleviate the levels of different stresses which can hamper productivity. Simultaneously they can produce good quality seeds and use them further for the next crop cycle cutting the costs of seed purchase.
Fixed-Time Synchronization in the pth Moment for Time-Varying Delay Stochastic Multilayer Networks

Since the speed that the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>th moment of an output signal norm tends to 0 can be used to measure the quality of the output signal, the stability of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>th moment of complex networks has been widely concerned. This article studies fixed-time synchronization in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>th moment for time-varying delay stochastic multilayer networks, where fixed-time synchronization of multilayer networks is realized by using nonlinear feedback or delay feedback, and the concrete expression of fixed settling time is evaluated. Compared with some existing fixed-time control methods, the optimal combination relationship between the exponential power of fixed-time controllers and the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula>th moment is given, and the designed controllers are continuous function. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by numerical simulations.