Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining internal scan chains and boundary scan register: A case study

The paper presents a Design-For-Testability (DFT) approach for System-on-Chips (SOC) that combines internal scan chains and boundary scan register (BSR) into a single scan register known as Scan-Through-TAP (STT) methodology. We are using the IEEE Standard 1149.1 Instruction as a user defined instruction (UDI) to control the internal scan chains operation via TDI and TDO saving the scan pins, and allowing accessibility of the internal scan chains at the board level through the TAP controller.
Colliculus Excitatory-Inhibitory Interactions in the Inferior Neural Measurement of Sound Duration : Control by

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February , 2010; 103 (2): 887-903. J Neurophysiol Francisco A. Rodríguez, Heather L. Read and Monty A. Escabí Spectral and Temporal Modulation Tradeoff in the Inferior Colliculus [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , August , 2010; 104 (2): 940-948. J Neurophysiol A. P. Nagtegaal and J.G. G. Borst in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus h I In Vivo Dynamic Clamp Study of [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 16, 2011; 31 (7): 2576-2583. J. Neurosci. Joshua X Gittelman and George D. Pollak in the Auditory System It's About Time: How Input Timing Is Used and Not Used To Create Emergent Properties [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November , 2011; 106 (5): 2523-2535. J Neurophysiol Anthony J. Williams and Zoltan M. Fuzessery colliculus of the pallid bat Differential roles of GABAergic and glycinergic input on FM selectivity in the inferior [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December , 2011; 106 (6): 3119-3128. J Neurophysiol Silvio Macías, Emanuel C. Mora, Julio C. Hechavarría and Manfred Kössl Duration tuning in the inferior colliculus of the mustached bat
Genetic barrier to the development of resistance to rilpivirine and etravirine between HIV-1 subtypes CRF02_AG and B.

OBJECTIVES It has been demonstrated for some drugs that the genetic barrier, defined as the number of genetic transitions and/or transversions needed to produce a resistance mutation, can differ between HIV-1 subtypes. We aimed to assess differences in the genetic barrier for the evolution of resistance to the second-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors etravirine and rilpivirine in subtypes B and CRF02_AG in antiretroviral-naive patients. METHODS An analysis was undertaken of 25 substitutions associated with etravirine and rilpivirine resistance at 12 amino acid positions in 267 nucleotide sequences (136 HIV-1 B and 131 HIV-1 CRF02_AG subtypes) of the reverse transcriptase gene. RESULTS The majority (7/12) of amino acid positions studied were conserved between the two HIV-1 subtypes, leading to a similar genetic barrier. Different predominant codons between the subtypes were observed in 5/12 positions (90, 98, 179, 181 and 227), with an effect on the calculated genetic barrier only at the V179D and V179F codons (2.5 versus 3.5 for V179D, and 2.5 versus 5 for V179F, respectively, for subtype B versus subtype CRF02_AG). CONCLUSIONS The majority of amino acids involved in etravirine and rilpivirine resistance showed a high degree of conservation of the predominant codon between the B and CRF02_AG subtypes. For rilpivirine, the genetic barrier was the same between the two subtypes. Nevertheless, subtype CRF02_AG showed a higher genetic barrier to acquiring mutations V179D and V179F (mutations associated with resistance to etravirine) compared with subtype B, suggesting that it would be more difficult to produce resistance to etravirine in the CRF02_AG subtype than the B subtype.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and neuromuscular disease

Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders with widely varying clinical features, due to defects in mitochondrial function. Involvement of both muscle and nerve is common in mitochondrial disease. In some cases, this involvement is subclinical or a minor part of a multisystem disorder, but myopathy and neuropathy are a major, often presenting, feature of a number of mitochondrial syndromes. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in a number of classic neuromuscular diseases. This article reviews the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neuromuscular disease and discusses a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with a neuromuscular syndrome due to mitochondrial disease. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 170–191, 2001
Estudio empírico del estado actual de la estimación de software en Pymes de Colombia

Este trabajo de maestra consiste en un estudio experimental enfocado en analizar el estado actual de las practicas de estimacion de software de las Pymes colombianas, que realizaron un primer ciclo de mejora utilizando CMMI-DEV v1.2 [13] como modelo referente. Parte de este documento contiene el protocolo del estudio experimental, junto con las caracteristicas de este estudio, lo cual facilita la comprension de los objetivos, preguntas de investigacion y resultados encontrados al final del estudio.
Mammalian metabolism, longevity and parasite species richness

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) scales allometrically with body mass in mammals, but the reasons why some species have higher or lower metabolic rates than predicted from their body mass remain unclear. We tested the idea that parasite species richness may be a contributory factor by performing a comparative analysis on 23 species of mammals for which data were available on parasite species richness, BMR, body mass and two potentially confounding variables, i.e. host density and host longevity. Parasite species richness was positively correlated with BMR and negatively correlated with host longevity independent of body mass.
Aproximación a una psicología postmoderna: una reflexión epistemológica

Se ofrece, en este trabajo, una vision epistemologica de la psicologia que parte de la era pre moderna hasta la actualidad, denominada postmodernidad. Se caracteriza esta epoca desde sus referentes conceptuales filosoficos, se describen las notas distintivas del ejercicio de la psicologia en la postmodernidad y se resenan algunas teorias psicologicas contemporaneas.
Ten-year risk of false positive screening mammograms and clinical breast examinations.

BACKGROUND The cumulative risk of a false positive result from a breast-cancer screening test is unknown. METHODS We performed a 10-year retrospective cohort study of breast-cancer screening and diagnostic evaluations among 2400 women who were 40 to 69 years old at study entry. Mammograms or clinical breast examinations that were interpreted as indeterminate, aroused a suspicion of cancer, or prompted recommendations for additional workup in women in whom breast cancer was not diagnosed within the next year were considered to be false positive tests. RESULTS A total of 9762 screening mammograms and 10,905 screening clinical breast examinations were performed, for a median of 4 mammograms and 5 clinical breast examinations per woman over the 10-year period. Of the women who were screened, 23.8 percent had at least one false positive mammogram, 13.4 percent had at least one false positive breast examination, and 31.7 percent had at least one false positive result for either test. The estimated cumulative risk of a false positive result was 49.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 40.3 to 64.1 percent) after 10 mammograms and 22.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 19.2 to 27.5 percent) after 10 clinical breast examinations. The false positive tests led to 870 outpatient appointments, 539 diagnostic mammograms, 186 ultrasound examinations, 188 biopsies, and 1 hospitalization. We estimate that among women who do not have breast cancer, 18.6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 9.8 to 41.2 percent) will undergo a biopsy after 10 mammograms, and 6.2 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3.7 to 11.2 percent) after 10 clinical breast examinations. For every 100 dollars spent for screening, an additional 33 dollars was spent to evaluate the false positive results. CONCLUSIONS Over 10 years, one third of women screened had an abnormal test result that required additional evaluation, even though no breast cancer was present. Techniques are needed to decrease false positive results while maintaining high sensitivity. Physicians should educate women about the risk of a false positive result from a screening test for breast cancer.
Social isolation alters central nervous system monoamine content in prairie voles following acute restraint

ABSTRACT Animal models have shown that social isolation and other forms of social stress lead to depressive- and anxiety-relevant behaviors, as well as neuroendocrine and physiological dysfunction. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of prior social isolation on neurotransmitter content following acute restraint in prairie voles. Animals were either paired with a same-sex sibling or isolated for 4 weeks. Plasma adrenal hormones and ex vivo tissue concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites were measured following an acute restraint stressor in all animals. Isolated prairie voles displayed significantly increased circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, as well as elevated serotonin and dopamine levels in the hypothalamus, and potentially decreased levels of serotonin in the frontal cortex. However, no group differences in monoamine levels were observed in the hippocampus or raphe. The results suggest that social stress may bias monoamine neurotransmission and stress hormone function to subsequent acute stressors, such as restraint. These findings improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the consequences of social stress.
THE EFFECT OF REST INTERVAL LENGTH ON BENCH PRESS PERFORMANCE WITH HEAVY VS.LIGHT LOADS

The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of 3 different rest intervals on multiple sets of the bench press exercise performed with heavy vs. light loads. Sixteen resistance-trained men performed 2 testing sessions each week for 3 weeks. During the first testing session each week, 5 consecutive sets of the bench press were performed with 80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and with a 1-, 2-, or 3-minute rest interval between sets. During the second testing session each week the same procedures were repeated with 50% of 1RM. The total repetitions completed and the sustainability of repetitions were compared between rest conditions and between loads. For each load, resting 3 minutes between sets resulted in significantly greater total repetitions vs. resting 2 minutes (p = 0.000) or 1 minute (p = 0.000) between sets. However, the sustainability of repetitions was not significantly different between loads (p = 0.849). These results can be applied to weekly bench press workouts that undulate between heavy (i.e., 80% 1RM) and light (i.e., 50% 1RM) intensities. When the training goal is maximal strength development, 3 minutes of rest should be taken between sets to avoid significant declines in repetitions. The ability to sustain repetitions while keeping the intensity constant may result in a higher training volume and consequently greater gains in muscular strength.
A connectionist approach to predict antenatal outcome

This article describes te construction and structure of an anificial neural network (A for the prognosis of antenatal state. The results obtained had been compared with those of the prognostic module of the expert system NST-EXPERT and with those obtained by the perinatologists colaborating in the validation study of the latter. The ANN presented here has proved to be an adequate method to accomplish the prognostic paner recognition task. For this reason, a hybrid system incorporating the A techniques to manage the neonatal prognosis and the original diagnosis ad therapeutic modules of the expert system NST-EXPERT is proposed.
DNMT cooperativity—the developing links between methylation, chromatin structure and cancer

Controversy has reigned for some time over the biological connection between DNA methylation and cancer. For this reason, the methylation mechanism responsible for increased cancer risk has received greater attention in recent years. Tumor suppressor genes are often hypermethylated resulting in gene silencing. Although some have questioned this interpretation of the link between methylation and cancer, it appears that both hypermethylation and hypomethylation events can create epigenetic changes that can contribute to cancer development. Recent studies have shown that the methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3b cooperatively maintain DNA methylation and gene silencing in human cancer cells. Disruption of the human DNMT3b only slightly reduces the overall global DNA methylation; however, demethylation was markedly potentiated when both DNMT1 and DNMT3b were simultaneously deleted. The results to these experiments provide compelling evidence towards a role for DNA methylation in cancer. This review discusses the current understanding of cancer‐epigenetic information and highlights recent studies that connect the methylation machinery and chromatin remodelling with cancer susceptibility. BioEssays 25:1071–1084, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radiated Two-Stage Method for LTE MIMO User Equipment Performance Evaluation

Two-stage method for long-term-evolution (LTE) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless user equipment (UE) performance evaluation is one of the methods proposed for standard organizations. However, the conducted two-stage method has been challenged for its lack of support for “over-the-air” (OTA) as well as for its negligence of the self-interference in the device under test (DUT) in the throughput test. Self-interference in DUT such as cell phones could significantly reduce receiver sensitivity, thus, if not properly included in the test setup, could affect the test accuracy. In order to solve the problems, a radiated two-stage (RTS) test method for LTE MIMO UE test is presented in this paper. By applying an invert calibration matrix to the input signal of the throughput test, the proposed method performs OTA second-stage test, which eliminates the problems of connecting an RF cable directly to the DUT receiver. The RTS OTA MIMO test method can be executed in a standard single-input-single-output anechoic chamber, reduces overall system cost, and offers high reliability and repeatability. Meanwhile, the measurement provides extensive subcomponent-level performance information and makes it an ideal solution for both research and development (R&D) and certification test.
Hibiscus Acid as an Inhibitor of Starch Digestion in the Caco-2 Cell Model System

Hibiscus acid, an α-amylase inhibitor isolated from roselle tea, and its derivatives were compared in an inhibition test for starch digestion. An α-amylase-added Caco-2 system was established as a useful model to evaluate the effects of α-glucosidase inhibitors on starch digestion. Hibiscus acid showed weak inhibition in this model system, and the methyl ester derivatives showed even weaker or no activity.
Memento mori: technology design for the end of life

The role of interactive technologies at End of Life (EoL) is a recently established and quickly growing topic in the CHI community. In this workshop, we focus on the design space, methodologies and processes associated with EoL, moving forward the research agenda initiated in the successful CHI 2010 workshop "HCI at the End of Life" [8]. In particular, we focus on moving from fieldwork to thanatosensitive design - a process which engages with EoL issues as part of the design concept. We invite participation from a wide range of people interested in technology and EoL, from the HCI community, academic and professional communities with a variety of perspectives/disciplines, and entrepreneurs developing applications in this space.
Leukocyte Telomere Length and Colorectal Cancer Risk—Letter

I read with great interest the recent article by Cui and colleagues ([1][1]). Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) may help to assess cancer risk in a number of systemic malignancies besides colorectal carcinomas. A shortened LTL in certain populations is associated with an accentuated risk of
Bevacizumab in Combination with Metronomic Chemotherapy in Patients with Anthracycline- and Taxane-Refractory Breast Cancer

Abstract A vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor might enhance metronomic chemotherapy in previously treated metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. Anthra-cycline and taxane refractory MBC patients were given cyclophosphamide 50 mg p.o. daily, methotrexate 1 mg/kg i.v. every 14 days, and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg i.v. every 14 days. Trastuzumab was added in HER2-overexpressing tumors. 24 patients were enrolled and 22 were evaluable. All tumors had histologic grade II-III and most patients had ≥2 metastatic sites. After a median follow-up of 7.7 months the response rates were: complete response (CR) 0%, partial response (PR) 31.8% (95% CI 13.9-54.9%), stable disease for ≥24 weeks (SD) 31.8% (95% CI 13.9-54.9%). Clinical benefit (CB= CR + PR + SD>24w) 63.6% (95% CI 40.7-82.8%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.5 months; overall survival (OS) was 13.6 months. HER2-overex-pressing or high proliferative-index tumors had better 6-month PFS (75% vs. 34% in HER-negative tumors P= 0.043; 67% vs. 0% in Ki-67 ≥20% tumors, P = 0.015). Adverse effects were mild. The combination of bevacizumab and a metronomic-based chemotherapy was effective, well tolerated and provided clinical benefit in heavily-treated MBC patients.
Anorexia Nervosa and Motivation for Behavioral Change - Can it be Enhanced?

devastating psychiatric illness associated with high chronicity and it carries the highest risk of mortality among all psychiatric disorders. One of the main issues preventing recovery is the low motivation for change. The psychopathology behind this resistance is related to the egosyntonic nature of the disorder i.e. that at the same time, AN thoughts and behaviors leads to a sense of control but also to a limited sense of freedom leading to distress. It is in this dual and ambiguous state that opportunities for enhancing motivation for behavioral change lies. Motivational Interviewing and Motivational Enhancement Therapy are techniques to promote behavioral change in AN. Science is in the early stages and clear evidence of its efficacy, however strong the rationale may be for its use in Eating Disorders, is yet to be provided from well design scientific studies.
A SIPSS-Lasso-BPNN scheme for online voltage stability assessment

Load active power at the voltage collapse point (PLL) is a useful index for online voltage stability assessment. This paper proposes a SIPSS-Lasso-BPNN scheme to offline fitting and online forecasting the load active power at the voltage collapse point PLL. The scheme consists of a SIPSS (Similarity Index of Power System State) based screening method, a Lasso (Least absolute shrinkage and select operator) method and a back propagation neural network (BPNN). The SIPSS based screening method screens the training samples according to their similarity indexes of power system states. The Lasso method selects the principal input features which are most explanatory to PLL via the shrunken regression analysis. The training samples are reduced by the above two methods. The BPNN is used to offline fit and online forecast the PLL through the reduced training samples. The test results on the New England 39 bus system shows that the SIPSS-Lasso-BPNN scheme can significantly improve the efficiency of BPNN offline training and guarantee the forecasting accuracy.
Sensorless Position Estimation in a Fault Tolerant Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet AC Motor Drive with Redundancy

Although mechanical rotor position sensors are one of the least reliable parts in motor drives, past research in fault-tolerant PM drives has largely focused on motor and inverter topologies. While there has been substantial research on sensorless control algorithms, these are generally not directly applicable to the electrically isolated phase windings used in fault-tolerant PM drives. This paper proposes a position sensorless algorithm which is suitable for fault-tolerant PM drives and is capable of operating under fault conditions. The algorithm is based on examining the phase winding incremental flux linkages, and then estimating multiple incremental rotor positions using every pair of phases of the motor drive. Computer simulation results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the position estimation under both healthy and faulted conditions
How Much Can Really Be Saved by Rolling Back SCHIP? The Net Cost of Public Health Insurance for Children

A growing body of research demonstrates the many benefits of expanded public coverage for children. Expansions in Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) have helped to increase insurance coverage, increase access to care, and reduce the financial burdens facing low-income families. Less attention has been focused on the cost of expanding public coverage. We argue that budgetary data may exaggerate the net costs of these expansions because many of the highest-cost children would have received publicly funded care even if the expansions had not taken place. Using data from the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we simulate the net cost of SCHIP, finding that the true cost of this program–both to states and to the federal government–is substantially less than average spending per enrollee would suggest. Our results strengthen the benefit-cost argument against implementing rollbacks in SCHIP.
Lack of SARS Transmission among Public Hospital Workers, Vietnam

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Vietnam was amplified by nosocomial spread within hospital A, but no transmission was reported in hospital B, the second of two designated SARS hospitals. Our study documents lack of SARS-associated coronavirus transmission to hospital B workers, despite variable infection control measures and the use of personal protective equipment.
Effect of high fat diet enriched with unsaturated and diet rich in saturated fatty acids on sphingolipid metabolism in rat skeletal muscle

Consumption of high fat diet leads to muscle lipid accumulation which is an important factor involved in induction of insulin resistance. Ceramide is likely to partially inhibit insulin signaling cascade. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different high fat diets on ceramide metabolism in rat skeletal muscles. The experiments were carried out on rats fed for 5 weeks: (1) a standard chow and (2) high fat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and (3) diet enriched with saturated fatty acids (SAT). Assays were performed on three types of muscles: slow‐twitch oxidative (soleus), fast‐twitch oxidative–glycolytic, and fast‐twitch glycolytic (red and white section of the gastrocnemius, respectively). The activity of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), neutral and acid sphingomyelinase (n‐ and aSMase), and neutral and alkaline ceramidase (n‐ and alCDase) was examined. The content of ceramide, sphinganine, sphingosine, and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate was also measured. The ceramide content did not change in any muscle from PUFA diet group but increased in the SAT diet group by 46% and 52% in the soleus and red section of the gastrocnemius, respectively. Elevated ceramide content in the SAT diet group could be a result of increased SPT activity and simultaneously decreased activity of nCDase. Unchanged ceramide content in the PUFA diet group might be a result of increased activity of SPT and alCDase and simultaneously decreased activity of SMases. We conclude that regulation of muscle ceramide level depends on the diet and type of skeletal muscle. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 786–791, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.