Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning and Interpretation in Neuroimaging: International Workshop, MLINI 2011, Held at NIPS 2011, Sierra Nevada, Spain, December 16-17

Brain imaging brings together the technology, methodology, research questions and approaches of a wide range of scientific fields including physics, statistics, computer science, neuroscience, biology, and engineering. Thus, methodological and technological advances that enable us to obtain measurements, examine relationships across observations, and link these data to neuroscientific hypotheses happen in a highly interdisciplinary environment. The dynamic field of machine learning with its modern approach to data mining provides many relevant approaches for neuroscience and enables the exploration of open questions. This state-of-the-art survey offers a collection of papers from the Workshop on Machine Learning and Interpretation in Neuroimaging, MLINI 2011, held at the 25th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing, NIPS 2011, in the Sierra Nevada, Spain, in December 2011. Additionally, invited speakers agreed to contribute reviews on various aspects of the field, adding breadth and perspective to the volume. The 32 revised papers were carefully selected from 48 submissions. At the interface between machine learning and neuroimaging the papers aim at shedding some light on the state of the art in this interdisciplinary field. They are organized in topical sections on coding and decoding, neuroscience, dynamcis, connectivity, and probabilistic models and machine learning.
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Vietnam: prevalence, risk factors and the role of social support

ABSTRACT Background: Violence against women is a global public health problem. A better understanding of risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure during pregnancy is important to develop interventions for supporting women being exposed to IPV. Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy and analyse how social support and various risk factors are associated with IPV. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 1309 pregnant women in Dong Anh district, Vietnam. Information about socio-economic conditions and previous exposure to IPV was collected when women attended antenatal care before the 24th gestational week. Information about social support information and exposure to IPV during pregnancy was collected in the 30th-34th gestational week. Multivariable regression was used to identify associations between IPV, social support and other potential risk factors. Results: The prevalence of IPV exposure during pregnancy was 35.2% (Emotional violence: 32.2%; physical violence: 3.5% and sexual violence: 9.9%). There was a statistically significant association between previous IPV exposure, lack of social support and IPV exposure during pregnancy. After adjustment for socioeconomic characteristics, pregnant women who had previously been exposed to IPV were more likely to be exposed IPV at least one time (AOR = 6.3; 95% CI: 4.9–8.2) as well as multiple times (AOR = 6.0; 95% CI: 4.5–8.0). Similarly, pregnant women having a lack of social support had a higher likelihood of being exposed to IPV at least one time (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 2.4–3.9) or multiple times (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI: 2.2–3.8). Conclusion: IPV is relatively high during pregnancy in Vietnam. Previous exposure to IPV and lack of social support is associated with increased risk of violence exposure among pregnant women in Vietnam.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the High Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Residents Based on the 2014 China Family Panel Study

(1) Purpose: The purpose of our research is to understand the subjective well-being (SWB) of Chinese adult residents and its influencing factors and to identify the key groups and areas to provide a basis for the formulation of relevant policies to improve residents’ happiness. (2) Methods: In this study, we analyzed the influencing factors of SWB of individuals older than 16 years of age, according to the 2014 China Family Panel Study (CFPS). We weighted 27,706 samples in the database to achieve the purpose of representing the whole country. Finally, descriptive statistics were used for the population distribution, chi-square tests were used for univariable analysis, and binary logistic models were used for multivariable analysis. (3) Results: The response rate of SWB was 74.58%. Of the respondents, 71.2% had high SWB (7–10), with a U-shaped distribution between age and SWB. Females are more likely than males to rate themselves as happy. There is a positive ratio between years of education and SWB. Residents who have better self-evaluated income, self-rated health (SRH), psychological well-being (PWB), Body Mass Index (BMI), social trust, social relationships, and physical exercise have higher SWB. (4) Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that to improve residents’ SWB, we should focus more attention on middle-aged and low-income groups, particularly men in agriculture. The promotion of SWB should be facilitated by improvements in residents’ education, health status, and social support as well as by the promotion of smoking bans and physical exercise.
A highly sensitive GC-MS method for simultaneous determination of Anacardic Acids in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nut Shell oil in presence of other phenolic lipid derivatives.

The commercial value of Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) has become a corner stone in agro waste industry as it is the by-product of the cashew industry which has 1/8 inch thickness of soft honey comb structure. CNSL contains phenolic lipids with aliphatic chains such as anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol, and methyl cardol, and their derivatives. The developed GC/MS method was rapid, accurate, and selective using a selected derivatizing reagent namely N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) that was previously diluted 1:1% with anhydrous pyridine. The proposed GC/MS method was applied for the analysis of different CNSL samples, the results showed that all classes of the CNSL compounds were detected. The four alkyl phenols were purely detected with their different alkyl sidechains without any interference. This method is also specified for detection of fatty acid of saturated and unsaturated chains. Silylation did not affect any alteration in the chemical structure of CNSL compounds regardless esterification action. Silylation considered a safe derivatizing agent compatible with GC chromatography and specific for all volatile and non-volatile polar and nonpolar CNSL compounds could be detected in CNSL sample.
Emerging protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma

ABSTRACT Introduction: Significant advances have been made during the last two decades in terms of new therapeutic options but also of innovative approaches to diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma (MM). While patient survival has been significantly prolonged, most patients relapse. Including the milestone approval of the first kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate for CML in 2001, 48 small molecule protein kinase (PK) inhibitors have entered clinical practice until now. However, no PK inhibitor has been approved for MM therapy yet. Areas covered: This review article summarizes up-to-date knowledge on the pathophysiologic role of PKs in MM. Derived small molecules targeting receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK- pathway, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR- pathway as well as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), Aurora kinases (AURK), and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are most promising. Preclinical as well as early clinical data focusing on these molecules will be presented and critically reviewed. Expert opinion: Current MM therapy is directed against general vulnerabilities. Novel therapeutic strategies, inhibition of PKs in particular, are directed to target tumor-specific driver aberrations such as genetic abnormalities and microenvironment-driven deregulations. Results of ongoing Precision Medicine trials with PK inhibitors alone or in combination with other agents are eagerly awaited and hold the promise of once more improving MM patient outcome.
Understanding user perspectives of and preferences for oral PrEP for HIV prevention in the context of intervention scale‐up: a synthesis of evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa

Oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention has been proven to significantly reduce new HIV infections yet scale‐up has been slow. As contexts continue to adjust to make space for PrEP, it is crucial to understand the perspectives and experiences of potential end‐users. In order to inform PrEP and demand creation interventions, this paper examines personal perspectives on adopting and using PrEP among HIV at‐risk populations in sub‐Saharan Africa.
The Star Blended with the MOA-2008-BLG-310 Source Is Not the Exoplanet Host Star

High-resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image analysis of the MOA-2008-BLG-310 microlens system indicates that the excess flux at the location of the source found in the discovery paper cannot primarily be due to the lens star because it does not match the lens–source relative proper motion, , predicted by the microlens models. This excess flux is most likely to be due to an unrelated star that happens to be located in close proximity to the source star. Two epochs of HST observations indicate proper motion for this blend star that is typical of a random bulge star but is not consistent with a companion to the source or lens stars if the flux is dominated by only one star, aside from the lens. We consider models in which the excess flux is due to a combination of an unrelated star and the lens star, and this yields a 95% confidence level upper limit on the lens star brightness of and . A Bayesian analysis using a standard Galactic model and these magnitude limits yields a host star mass of and a planet mass of at a projected separation of au. This result illustrates that excess flux in a high-resolution image of a microlens–source system need not be due to the lens. It is important to check that the lens–source relative proper motion is consistent with the microlensing prediction. The high-resolution image analysis techniques developed in this paper can be used to verify the WFIRST exoplanet microlensing survey mass measurements.
Contextual drivers of HIV risk among young African women

Significant progress has been made in the African HIV pandemic; however, the pace of incidence decline has slowed or stalled in many East and Southern African countries, especially among young women. This stall is worrying because many countries have burgeoning youth populations. There is an important window of opportunity to halt the epidemic as well as the potential for millions more infections if primary prevention efforts are not strengthened.
Exome sequencing of family trios from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Tapping into a rich resource of genetic and environmental data.

BACKGROUND The National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) is a multisite, population-based, case-control study of genetic and nongenetic risk factors for major structural birth defects. Eligible women had a pregnancy affected by a birth defect or a liveborn child without a birth defect between 1997 and 2011. They were invited to complete a telephone interview to collect pregnancy exposure data and were mailed buccal cell collection kits to collect specimens from themselves, their child (if living), and their child's father. Over 23,000 families representing more than 30 major structural birth defects provided DNA specimens. METHODS To evaluate their utility for exome sequencing (ES), specimens from 20 children with colonic atresia were studied. Evaluations were conducted on specimens collected using cytobrushes stored and transported in open versus closed packaging, on native genomic DNA (gDNA) versus whole genome amplified (WGA) products and on a library preparation protocol adapted to low amounts of DNA. RESULTS The DNA extracted from brushes in open packaging yielded higher quality sequence data than DNA from brushes in closed packaging. Quality metrics of sequenced gDNA were consistently higher than metrics from corresponding WGA products and were consistently high when using a low input protocol. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-principle study established conditions under which ES can be applied to NBDPS specimens. Successful sequencing of exomes from well-characterized NBDPS families indicated that this unique collection can be used to investigate the roles of genetic variation and gene-environment interaction effects in birth defect etiologies, providing a valuable resource for birth defect researchers.
Distributed and parallel sparse convex optimization for radio interferometry with PURIFY

Next generation radio interferometric telescopes are entering an era of big data with extremely large data sets. While these telescopes can observe the sky in higher sensitivity and resolution than before, computational challenges in image reconstruction need to be overcome to realize the potential of forthcoming telescopes. New methods in sparse image reconstruction and convex optimisation techniques (cf. compressive sensing) have shown to produce higher fidelity reconstructions of simulations and real observations than traditional methods. This article presents distributed and parallel algorithms and implementations to perform sparse image reconstruction. Both computations and data can be distributed (with MPI) across nodes of a computing cluster, while on each node multi-core parallelization (on GPUs or across CPU cores) can be used for further optimisation. The algorithms are implemented in the latest versions of the SOPT (this https URL) and PURIFY (this https URL) software packages (Versions 3.0.1), which have been released alongside of this article. We benchmark the algorithms presented, showing that they are considerably faster than their serial equivalents and can scale to big data sets. This work presents an important step towards the computationally scalable and efficient algorithms and implementations that are needed to image observations from next generation radio interferometers such as the SKA.
Ampelopsin E Reduces the Invasiveness of the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231

Breast cancer is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. It has two distinctive hallmarks: rapid abnormal growth and the ability to invade and metastasize. During metastasis, cancer cells are thought to form actin-rich protrusions, called invadopodia, which degrade the extracellular matrix. Current breast cancer treatments, particularly chemotherapy, comes with adverse effects like immunosuppression, resistance development and secondary tumour formation. Hence, naturally-occurring molecules claimed to be less toxic are being studied as new drug candidates. Ampelopsin E, a natural oligostilbene extracted from Dryobalanops species, has exhibited various pharmacological properties, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is yet no scientific evidence of the effects of ampelopsin E towards metastasis. Scratch assay, transwell migration and invasion assays, invadopodia and gelatin degradation assays, and ELISA were used to determine the effects of ampelopsin E towards the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. Strikingly in this study, ampelopsin E was able to halt migration, transmigration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells by reducing formation of invadopodia and its degradation capability through significant reduction (p < 0.05) in expression levels of PDGF, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP14. In conclusion, ampelopsin E reduced the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells and was proven to be a potential alternative in treating TNBC.
The Fate and Prognostic Implications of Hyperreflective Crystalline Deposits in Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose To explore patterns of disease progression in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) associated with hyperreflective crystalline deposits (HCDs) in the sub-retinal pigment epithelium-basal laminar space. Methods Retrospective review of medical records, multimodal imaging, and longitudinal eye-tracked near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) spanning ≥2 years. NIR/OCT images were analyzed with ImageJ software to identify HCD morphology and location. Associated macular complications were reviewed from the time of HCD detection to the most recent follow-up, using NIR/OCT. Results Thirty-three eyes with HCDs from 33 patients (mean age: 72 ± 7.5 years) had 46.7 months (95% confidence limits: 33.7, 59.6) of serial eye-tracked NIR/OCT follow-up. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.44 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 20/55). At a mean of 11.3 months (3.1, 19.6) after HCD detection, 31/33 (93.9%) eyes had developed macular complications including de novo areas of complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) in 21/33 (64%) eyes, enlargement of preexisting cRORA in 4/33 (12%) eyes, and incident macular neovascularization in 3/33 (9%) eyes. Movement and clearance of HCDs in 9/33 (27%) eyes was associated with enlargement of preexisting cRORA (r = 0.44, P = 0.02). BCVA at the last follow-up visit had decreased to 0.72 logMAR (20/105). Conclusions Eyes with nonneovascular AMD demonstrating HCDs are at risk for vision loss due to macular complications, particularly when movement and clearance of these structures appear on multimodal imaging. HCD reflectivity and dynamism may be amenable to automated recognition and analysis to assess cellular activity related to drusen end-stages.
Long-term effects of participation in a prenatal exercise intervention on body weight, body mass index, and physical activity level: a 6-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Growing evidence supports that physical activity and exercise during pregnancy is favorable for the mother, with persisting benefits in the postpartum period. However, there is scant knowledge of the effect of a prenatal exercise program on long-term health and lifestyle habits. Objectives This 6-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial had two aims: (1) compare body weight, weight retention and body mass index (BMI) in the intervention group and control group, and (2) evaluate effects on physical activity level and recreational exercise. Materials and methods Out of 105 participants initially randomized to either an intervention group, n = 52 (twice weekly group-exercises and physical activity counselling) or control group, n = 53 (standard prenatal care), 80 women (76.2%) participated in the present long-term follow-up study, performed in a general community in Oslo, Norway. Data were collected through a standardized telephone interview based on the baseline protocol and a modified Physical Activity and Pregnancy Questionnaire (PAPQ). Body weight at 6 years follow-up was self-reported (kg), and calculation of current BMI (kg/m2) was based on self-reported weight and measured height at study inclusion. Investigators were unaware of the original randomization at the time of the interviews. Analyses of covariance were used to examine the difference in change in body weight and BMI between the groups. Even though the MET-values were not normally distributed, differences were examined using a two-sided independent sample t-test due to large sample size (n ≥ 30). Results At 6 years follow-up there were no differences in mean BMI (kg/m2) (24.0 ± 3.8 versus 24.8 ± 4.0, p = .37), physical activity level (4167 ± 2638 versus 3925 ± 3075 MET-min/week, p = .67) or recreational exercise (630 ± 1290 versus 720 ± 1005 MET-min/week, p = .88) between the intervention and control group, respectively. Subgroup analysis of participants with high adherence during the intervention 6 years ago (≥24 prenatal exercise classes), showed a positive intervention effect at long-term follow up in body weight (kg) (62.8 ± 7.9 versus 70.8 ± 11.8, p = .03) and BMI (kg/m2) (22.5 ± 3.1 versus 24.8 ± 4.0, p = .05), and none (versus 11 in the control group) had gained ≥5 kg compared to prepregnancy weight (p = .02). Conclusions Women who adhered to the original prenatal exercise intervention demonstrated significantly lower body weight and BMI at 6-year follow-up. Otherwise, no long-term intervention effect was observed.
Elastic tissue forces mask muscle fiber forces underlying muscle spindle Ia afferent firing rates in stretch of relaxed rat muscle

ABSTRACT Stretches of relaxed cat and rat muscle elicit similar history-dependent muscle spindle Ia firing rates that resemble history-dependent forces seen in single activated muscle fibers ( Nichols and Cope, 2004). Owing to thixotropy, whole musculotendon forces and muscle spindle firing rates are history dependent during stretch of relaxed cat muscle, where both muscle force and muscle spindle firing rates are elevated in the first stretch in a series of stretch–shorten cycles ( Blum et al., 2017). By contrast, rat musculotendon exhibits only mild thixotropy, such that the measured forces when stretched cannot explain history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates in the same way ( Haftel et al., 2004). We hypothesized that history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates elicited in stretch of relaxed rat muscle mirror history-dependent muscle fiber forces, which are masked at the level of whole musculotendon force by extracellular tissue force. We removed estimated extracellular tissue force contributions from recorded musculotendon force using an exponentially elastic tissue model. We then showed that the remaining estimated muscle fiber force resembles history-dependent muscle spindle firing rates recorded simultaneously. These forces also resemble history-dependent forces recorded in stretch of single activated fibers that are attributed to muscle cross-bridge mechanisms ( Campbell and Moss, 2000). Our results suggest that history-dependent muscle spindle firing in both rats and cats arise from history-dependent forces owing to thixotropy in muscle fibers. Summary: Muscle spindle afferent firing rates are closely related to estimated history-dependent muscle fiber force and yank, suggesting that they signal internal muscle forces and not those of the whole musculotendon.