Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cultural Route of Hercules: Mapping the Tourist’s Perspective

This study explores the interest of potential visitors to participate in a proposed cultural route, themed after the Labors of Hercules in the Peloponnese. The main objectives of this study are to outline the demographic profile of potential visitors of the route and to explore appropriate means of organisation and promotion to ensure its success. To achieve these objectives, we conducted a field survey, distributing a questionnaire, from which 519 valid responses were collected. The survey results showed that there is strong interest for participation in the proposed route. In terms of demographics, most interest was expressed by highly educated women of all age groups. Survey participants expressed a strong desire for guided tours, and interest in modern services provided at waypoints. Finally, we concluded that the most feasible way to promote the route should not be limited to its cultural content, but should also emphasise the natural beauty and alternative tourism activities that it offers. The managerial implications of the present study could be useful for tourist operators, professionals and destination management organisations who may be interested in implementing this proposed route or any other cultural routes in the future.
Strength in weakness - A new institutional design perspective on the Swedish Trust Reform

To address the problems that had sprung from the detail management of the welfare sector, a result of control in the vein of New Public Management (NPM), the Swedish government commissioned the Trust Delegation (Tillitsdelegationen) to develop a trust-based steering and launched the Trust Reform (Tillitsreformen). As this new reform seeks to remedy the failures of the previous system, this thesis sets out to examine what potential for being successful in this it can be said to have. By using a set of principles for good design, derived from a new institutionalist perspective on institutional design, it evaluates the Trust Reform as it emerges in the Trust Delegation’s main report. The analysis shows that the reform, by and large, holds potential for success in its original design. There are, however, contradictions and trade-offs that may be in need of solving. The thesis concludes with a discussion serving to indicate where to place the reform in a tradition of public management reform, realising its distinction in doing so. This discussion also includes a call for precision of the analytical framework in future research and for studies of the Trust Reform over time. (Less)
A novel in-field TSV repair method for latent faults

: The aging e ﬀ ect due to the electromigration (EM) may result in faulty Through-silicon vias (TSVs) and a ﬀ ect the three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) lifetime. To design a ﬂ exible and e ﬃ cient structure, in this paper, we enhance the region-based design for latent TSV faults, which can adjust the size of the TSV block and TSV redundancy. Experimental results demonstrate that the design can achieve 11.27% and 20.79% reduction of additional delay overhead as compared with router-based design and ring-based scheme, respectively. More importantly, when the target year is 3 years, the design can achieve above 99% reparability for all sizes of TSV blocks. After a given 5-year lifetime, the reparability of the proposed region-based design can still achieve 99% reparability when the TSV size is lower than 16 * 16, which is the best choice by considering RTSV area and delay overhead.
‘Thrown in at the Deep End’: The Experience of Graduates of Transnational Western Medical Education Transitioning into Middle Eastern Clinical Practice

Background: Newly qualified doctors educated in their home country usually go on to work in their first hospital job in same country. These graduates are familiar with the socio-cultural context of clinical setting they work in. But, with many Western universities providing cross-border education to host countries in the Middle East and South East Asia in subjects such as medicine. The experiences of those graduating from transnational medical education and working in local hospitals are absent.The aim of the study was to explore the early transitional experiences of newly qualified doctors moving from a European branch campus to practice at hospitals affiliated to the medical school situated in a Middle-Eastern country.Methods: A qualitative study using an interpretive phenomenological approach through interviews to explore experiences of graduates of transnational medical education working in Middle Eastern hospitals. Results: The main findings can be summarised under the three themes generated: the essentials of practice, routine of practice and realities of practice. The results evidenced the transition as a challenging period for new doctors finding dissonance between the skills taught while in transnational education and the workplace. There were three particular areas of discord for the graduates in clinical practice: working in medical teams with a different arrangement to the one prepared for; adapting to a more patient-centred language and coping with differences in ethical norms, values and practices in the hospital.Conclusions: The graduates found transitioning from university to full-time clinical practice difficult and were disappointed by their experience not matching their expectations of work. These findings are valuable for transnational medical educators seeking to improve the experience of graduates who are moving from the clear ideals, norms and values of transnational medical education into the complexity of full-time clinical practice.
Generasi Milineal, Entrepreneurship dan Globalisasi Ekonomi

The era of globalization has greatly impacted the lives of the world community, especially in the economic field. Society is stimulated by various offers in themarket so that everyone is competing to fulfill their consumptive and hedonic desires. This era is very demanding to increase the ability of the community, especially the younger generation in maximizing their potential to be able to compete in the international world so that it is not eroded by the negative influence of the globalization era. Based on these problems, entrepreneurship becomes very important for millennial generations to answer global challenges so that they can lead to the country's goal, namely social welfare.
New York’s Excelsior Scholarship: Does It Help Students with Limited Financial Means Afford College?

Tennessee is at the vanguard of the free-college movement. Launched in 2015, Tennessee Promise makes technical and community colleges tuition-free for recent high school graduates in the state.1 With the addition of Tennessee Reconnect in 2018,adult students can attend tuition-free as well (see Sidebox A). The efforts of the state’s leadership, especially its willingness to re-examine the program and expand it to support adult learners, is commendable. But program details matter. This analysis of Tennessee Promise and Reconnect examines the effects of the program’s design and recommends enhancements that will redirect program resources to help low-income students pay for college.2
Urban Informality in the Paris Climate Agreement: Content Analysis of the Nationally Determined Contributions of Highly Urbanized Developing Countries

Climate change related events affect informal settlements, or slums, disproportionally more than other areas in a city or country. This article investigates the role of slums in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) for the Paris Agreement of a selected group of 28 highly urbanized developing countries. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze first the general content in these NDCs and second the proposed role, or lack thereof, of slums in these documents. The results show that for most of the analyzed countries, context-based climate policies for slums are not part of the strategies presented in the NDCs. We argue that a lack of policies involving informal settlements might limit the capacity of developing countries to contribute to the main goals of the Paris Agreement, as these settlements are significant portions of their urban populations. One of the hopeful prospects of the NDCs is that they will be reviewed in 2020 for the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26). With this paper, we aim to stimulate discussions about the crucial role that informal settlements should play in the NDCs of developing countries in the background of the synergies required between climate change actions and sustainable development.
Zoom: Multi-View Vector Search for Optimizing Accuracy, Latency and Memory

With the advancement of machine learning and deep learning, vector search becomes instrumental to many information retrieval systems, to search and find best matches to user queries based on their semantic similarities. These online services require the search architecture to be both effective with high accuracy and efficient with low latency and memory footprint, which existing work fails to offer. We develop, Zoom, a new vector search solution that collaboratively optimizes accuracy, latency and memory based on a multiview approach. (1) A "preview" step generates a small set of good candidates, leveraging compressed vectors in memory for reduced footprint and fast lookup. (2) A "fullview" step on SSDs reranks those candidates with their full-length vector, striking high accuracy. Our evaluation shows that, Zoom achieves an order of magnitude improvements on efficiency while attaining equal or higher accuracy, comparing with the state-of-the-art.
Ocena przydatności modeli VaR do szacowania ryzyka inwestycji na rynku metali szlachetnych

Streszczenie: Celem pracy była analiza przydatności wybranych warunkowych modeli VaR do szacowania ryzyka inwestycji na londyńskim rynku metali szlachetnych. Zbadano przydatność wykorzystania modelu GARCH z rozkładem normalnym, t-Studenta i skośnym t-Studenta, modelu GARCH-EVT i GARCH-FHS. Szczególnie użyteczne do szacowania ryzyka inwestycji w metale szlachetne okazały się następujące modele: GARCH z rozkładem t-Studenta i GARCH-EVT niezależnie od zajmowanej pozycji na rynku metali oraz GARCH z rozkładem skośnym t-Studenta dla pozycji długiej. Modele te pozwoliły na poprawne szacowanie wartości zagrożonej na rynku metali szlachetnych w okresach największych turbulencji na tym rynku.
Liminality and difficult heritage in tourism

Abstract Difficult heritage, rooted in difficult knowledge, is not simply difficult because of traumatic content but also because of the responses it can provoke. These responses can include confusion, anxiety, and empathy for the fear and suffering of others. As such, difficult heritage sites can be problematic in tourism, which is typically characterized by expectations of fun and relaxation. Scholars recognize that the tourist experience is liminal in that tourists occupy a state of limbo outside of their normal places and lives. This article argues that difficult heritage can be a liminal experience within tourism by critically analysing tourist reviews of Bonaire’s slave huts. The Caribbean island of Bonaire attracts cruise tourists and tourists interested in water sports like snorkelling and diving. Yet, these tourists may visit the slave hut sites as a secondary activity during their stay on the island. TripAdvisor reviewers describe feelings of being both out of time and out of place at the slave huts as they imagine the conditions the enslaved would have experienced, and they describe emotional responses ranging from sadness to revulsion. Additionally, reviewers reflect on their visit to the slave huts after ‘resuming’ their vacation, particularly focusing on the contrast between their experiences. The approach of liminality has the potential to better understand tourists’ experiences of difficult heritage.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN

Over the time period, the structure of the economy does not remain same. This study examines the interaction between economic growth and its determinants for Pakistan. Since fixed parameter approaches do not take into account effect of structural changes on parameter constancy, the study employs Kalman Filter based time-varying parameter approach for the empirical analysis. Result shows significant effect of inflation, gross fixed capital formation, gross national expenditures and remittances received on economic growth of the country. However, the effect of significant macroeconomic determinants on growth process of the country is not constant but time-varying.
"Reverse Gerrymandering": Manipulation in Multi-Group Decision Making

District-based manipulation, or gerrymandering, is usually taken to refer to agents who are in fixed location, and an external division is imposed upon them. However, in many real-world setting, there is an external, fixed division – an organizational chart of a company, or markets for a particular product. In these cases, agents may wish to move around (“reverse gerrymandering”), as each of them tries to maximize their influence across the company’s subunits, or resources are “working” to be allocated to areas where they will be most needed.In this paper we explore an iterative dynamic in this setting, finding that allowing this decentralized system results, in some particular cases, in a stable equilibrium, though in general, the setting may end up in a cycle. We further examine how this decentralized process affects the social welfare of the system.
Western travellers in Asia: A mobile subculture in search of a home

Drifter-style tourism in Asia has become a sanitised and institutionalised tourism alternative. Similar to its counterparts on other continents, it now represents a curious mix of rebellion and conformity, rite of passage and a way of life. Over the last thirty years it has developed its own tourism myth and spawned a mobile subculture of Western travellers. This travelling subculture seeks experiences and insights into other cultures beyond the reach of conventional mass tourism and perpetuates the myth of the traveller as an intrepid explorer. As it has evolved, the subculture has begun to appeal to a far wider cross-section of Western society than ever before and has become a mass phenomenon itself. Contrary to mass tourism, it offers not a holiday but an experiential physical and psychological journey for those inclined to go. Its effect on the traveller is of an existential rather than transitory nature and has the potential to significantly alter the future course of an individual's life. With rapidly increasing numbers. the subculture now represents a viable market in its own right. one that fits in nicely with a balanced tourism product. However, development of this tourism alternative is continuously being undermined by the cannibalisation of its destination sites by other tourism sectors. The existence of a flourishing subcultural centre frequently invites a "hostile take-over" of local tourism structures by outside operators and competing tourism sectors. The thesis will argue that Western travellers now represent an institutionalised alternative to mass tourism and, as such, comprise a significant part of the international tourism market. It will further assert that for a given destination to achieve a balanced tourism product and to maximise economic returns, the ongoing cannibalisation of subcultural destinations by other tourism sectors is both unnecessary and undesirable.
Transmission Control Protocol and Active Queue Management together against congestion: cross-comparison through simulations

Most Internet traffic is carried by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) nowadays, even in the case of real-time services. Detecting and mitigating the congestion is one of the primary tasks of this protocol, in fact, different TCP versions are defined by their congestion control algorithms. Furthermore, Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms share the same goal of congestion mitigation with TCP; in particular, the most efficient congestion control occurs when AQM and TCP work together. This paper presents a brief survey and a cross-comparison of the latest and most important TCP and AQM variants, then provides an evaluation of a different kind of performance on the ns-3 network simulator over various types of environments (multiple Round Trip Time, long delay, different congestion levels, etc.). In any shared bottleneck, the choice of the TCP-AQM couple to adopt is crucial. We will show that the results are not univocal and the “one size fits all” solution does not exist. Moreover, the proper couple depends on the performance that we want to boost and on the environment that we have to deal with.
Decidable XPath Fragments in the Real World

XPath is arguably the most popular query language for selecting elements in XML documents. Besides query evaluation, query satisfiability and containment are the main computational problems for XPath; they are useful, for instance, to detect dead code or validate query optimisations. These problems are undecidable in general, but several fragments have been identified over time for which satisfiability (or query containment) is decidable: CoreXPath 1.0 and 2.0 without so-called data joins, fragments with data joins but limited navigation, etc. However, these fragments are often given in a simplified syntax, and sometimes w.r. t. a simplified XPath semantics. Moreover, they have been studied mostly with theoretical motivations, with little consideration for the practically relevant features of XPath. To investigate the practical impact of these theoretical fragments, we design a benchmark compiling thousands of real-world XPath queries extracted from open-source projects, and match them against syntactic fragments from the literature. We investigate how to extend these fragments with seldom-considered features such as free variables, data tests, data joins, and the last () and id () functions, for which we provide both undecidability and decidability results. We analyse the coverage of the original and extended fragments, and further provide a glimpse at which other practical features might be worth investigating in the future.
Adaptive TS Fuzzy-Based MPC for DC Microgrids With Dynamic CPLs: Nonlinear Power Observer Approach

The performance of a DC microgrid (MG) might degrade because of the dynamics of constant power loads (CPLs). In this paper, a novel adaptive controller is proposed to mitigate the destructive effect of time-varying uncertain CPLs. A nonlinear disturbance observer is developed to estimate the instantaneous power of the CPLs. The estimated CPLs powers are then employed in a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy-based model predictive control strategy, aiming to adaptively modify the injecting current of the energy storage system. The proposed approach is applied to a dc MG testbed that feeds one CPL. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive controller is able to increase the stability margin and improve the transient response of the dc MG.
Social Weights and the Regional Allocation of Inter-Governmental Transfers

Desarrollamos una teoría de transferencias intergubernamentales optimas y un análisis de simulación que nos permite estimar las transferencias óptimas de recursos del gobierno central a los gobiernos estatales en México. Nuestros resultados son: Primero, nuestros modelos demuestran que el mejor predictor de las transferencias intergubernamentales observadas en México es la densidad poblacional. Segundo, nuestro trabajo provee recomendaciones de política económica al proporcionar estimaciones sobre la proporción óptima de transferencias intergubernamentales a los estados en México. Nuestro análisis es el primero en desarrollar estimaciones de las transferencias intergubernamentales al utilizar funciones paramétricas Paretianas de la distribución regional del ingreso y las preferencias inter-regionales por el gasto público local. Nuestras estimaciones ayudan a entender las ventajas y desventajas del sistema actual de transferencias y, adicionalmente, propone una alternativa de asignación de las transferencias intergubernamentales que podría mejorar el bienestar asociado con el gasto público local en México.
Disaster Lending: "Fair" Prices, but "Unfair" Access

We find the Small Business Administration’s disaster-relief home loan program denies significantly more loans in areas with larger shares of minorities, subprime borrowers, and higher income inequality. We find that risk-insensitive loan pricing, a feature present in many regulated and government-run lending programs, is an important driver of these disparities in access to credit. The differences in denial rates are disproportionately high compared with private-market lending and government-insured risk-sensitive loan pricing programs. Thus, despite ensuring “fair” prices, the use of risk-insensitive pricing may lead to “unfair” access to credit. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021. 03199 .
Extending Reinforcement Learning to Provide Dynamic Game Balancing

A recognized major concern for the game developers’ community is to provide mechanisms to dynamically balance the difficulty level of the games in order to keep the user interested in playing. This work presents an innovative use of reinforcement learning to build intelligent agents that adapt their behavior in order to provide dynamic game balancing. The idea is to couple learning with an action selection mechanism which depends on the evaluation of the current user’s skills. To validate our approach, we applied it to a real-time fighting game, obtaining good results, as the adaptive agent is able to quickly play at the same level as opponents with different skills.
Fair Value Accounting: The Eternal Debate – AinE EAA Symposium, May 2018

Abstract The last financial crisis led to a vigorous debate still in place about the pros and cons of fair-value accounting (FVA). While detractors basically argue its potential negative impact on procicality and financial stability or inadequacy in illiquid markets or specific business models, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) pushed to extend FVA in the new financial instruments standard and issued IFRS 13 to clarify its meaning and application. Some empirical research shows the usefulness of fair value accounting information to investors and contradicts its negative impact on stability, while other studies argue about its limitations in the contracting and stewardship role of accounting. The panelists of this symposium will present their views to contribute to the debate, which should be of interest not just to academic researchers, but also to practitioners and standard setters to deal with implementation issues and potential needs to address in the standards.