Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RanGTP is required for meiotic spindle organization and the initiation of embryonic development in Drosophila

RanGTP is important for chromosome-dependent spindle assembly in Xenopus extracts. Here we report on experiments to determine the role of the Ran pathway on microtubule dynamics in Drosophila oocytes and embryos. Females expressing a dominant-negative form of Ran have fertility defects, suggesting that RanGTP is required for normal fertility. This is not, however, because of a defect in acentrosomal meiotic spindle assembly. Therefore, RanGTP does not appear to be essential or sufficient for the formation of the acentrosomal spindle. Instead, the most important function of the Ran pathway in spindle assembly appears to be in the tapering of microtubules at the spindle poles, which might be through regulation of proteins such as TACC and the HURP homolog, Mars. One consequence of this spindle organization defect is an increase in the nondisjunction of achiasmate chromosomes. However, the meiotic defects are not severe enough to cause the decreased fertility. Reductions in fertility occur because RanGTP has a role in microtubule assembly that is not directly nucleated by the chromosomes. This includes microtubules nucleated from the sperm aster, which are required for pronuclear fusion. We propose that following nuclear envelope breakdown, RanGTP is released from the nucleus and creates a cytoplasm that is activated for assembling microtubules, which is important for processes such as pronuclear fusion. Around the chromosomes, however, RanGTP might be redundant with other factors such as the chromosome passenger complex.
Probability of detection of genotyping errors and mutations as inheritance inconsistencies in nuclear-family data.

Gene-mapping studies routinely rely on checking for Mendelian transmission of marker alleles in a pedigree, as a means of screening for genotyping errors and mutations, with the implicit assumption that, if a pedigree is consistent with Mendel's laws of inheritance, then there are no genotyping errors. However, the occurrence of inheritance inconsistencies alone is an inadequate measure of the number of genotyping errors, since the rate of occurrence depends on the number and relationships of genotyped pedigree members, the type of errors, and the distribution of marker-allele frequencies. In this article, we calculate the expected probability of detection of a genotyping error or mutation as an inheritance inconsistency in nuclear-family data, as a function of both the number of genotyped parents and offspring and the marker-allele frequency distribution. Through computer simulation, we explore the sensitivity of our analytic calculations to the underlying error model. Under a random-allele-error model, we find that detection rates are 51%-77% for multiallelic markers and 13%-75% for biallelic markers; detection rates are generally lower when the error occurs in a parent than in an offspring, unless a large number of offspring are genotyped. Errors are especially difficult to detect for biallelic markers with equally frequent alleles, even when both parents are genotyped; in this case, the maximum detection rate is 34% for four-person nuclear families. Error detection in families in which parents are not genotyped is limited, even with multiallelic markers. Given these results, we recommend that additional error checking (e.g., on the basis of multipoint analysis) be performed, beyond routine checking for Mendelian consistency. Furthermore, our results permit assessment of the plausibility of an observed number of inheritance inconsistencies for a family, allowing the detection of likely pedigree-rather than genotyping-errors in the early stages of a genome scan. Such early assessments are valuable in either the targeting of families for resampling or discontinued genotyping.
Breath-Actuated Nebulizer Versus Small-Volume Nebulizer: Efficacy, Safety, and Satisfaction

The breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN, AeroEclipse, Trudell Medical International, London, Ontario, Canada) has been available as an aerosol delivery option for several years. This small-volume jet nebulizer is primarily designed to generate aerosol during inspiration in response to the patient's
Lipidomic discovery of deoxysiderophores reveals a revised mycobactin biosynthesis pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

To measure molecular changes underlying pathogen adaptation, we generated a searchable dataset of more than 12,000 mass spectrometry events, corresponding to lipids and small molecules that constitute a lipidome for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Iron is essential for M. tuberculosis survival, and the organism imports this metal using mycobactin and carboxymycobactin siderophores. Detection of an unexpected siderophore variant and deletions of genes for iron scavenging has led to a revised mycobactin biosynthesis model. An organism-wide search of the M. tuberculosis database for hypothetical compounds predicted by this model led to the discovery of two families of previously unknown lipids, designated monodeoxymycobactins and monodeoxycarboxymycobactins. These molecules suggest a revised biosynthetic model that alters the substrates and order of action of enzymes through the mycobactin biosynthetic pathway. We tested this model genetically by solving M. tuberculosis lipidomes after deletion of the iron-dependent regulator (ideR), mycobactin synthase B (mbtB), or mycobactin synthase G (mbtG). These studies show that deoxymycobactins are actively regulated during iron starvation, and also define essential roles of MbtG in converting deoxymycobactins to mycobactin and in promoting M. tuberculosis growth. Thus, lipidomics is an efficient discovery tool that informs genetic relationships, leading to a revised general model for the biosynthesis of these virulence-conferring siderophores.
Atrial Macroreentry Involving the Myocardium of the Coronary Sinus: A Unique Mechanism for Atypical Flutter

Macroreentry Involving the Coronary Sinus. Atrial flutter involving either clockwise or counterclockwise rotation around the tricuspid annulus utilizing the subeustachian isthmus has been well described. However, macroreentrant atrial circuits in atypical atrial flutter in patients who have not undergone previous surgery or without atrial disease are not well defined. We describe a patient without structural heart disease who presented with an atrial macroreentrant rhythm. Entrainment mapping demonstrated a critical isthmus within the coronary sinus. Activation mapping demonstrated double potential throughout the length of the coronary sinus with disparate activation sequences. A circuit involving the myocardium of the coronary sinus, exiting in the lateral left atrium, down the interatrial septum, and reentering into the coronary sinus was identified. Successful ablation of the rhythm was accomplished by a circumferential radiofrequency application within the coronary sinus.
Space-time focusing transmission in ultra-wideband cooperative relay networks

Space-time focusing transmission is a generalized form of beamforming in ultra-wideband (UWB) systems by exploiting the unique feature of UWB signals. It can obtain energy gain and can reduce interference to coexisting users, thus can extend the distance and increase the capacity of UWB communications. Cooperative relay can further extend the coverage of UWB systems. In this paper, we first propose ZF and MMSE prefiltering algorithms for space-time focusing transmission, and then propose a space-time focusing based cooperative relay scheme. The throughputs of broadcast mode and multiple access mode in the relay networks are derived, while their dependency on various system parameters is obtained. Numerical results show how many cooperative nodes are necessary to maximize the network throughput, and when the proposed prefiltering algorithms perform well.
Glycoarrays with engineered phages displaying structurally diverse oligosaccharides enable high‐throughput detection of glycan–protein interactions

Glycan microarrays have become a powerful platform to investigate the interactions of carbohydrates with a variety of biomolecules. However, the number and diversity of glycans available for use in such arrays represent a key bottleneck in glycan array fabrication. To address this challenge, we describe a novel glycan array platform based on surface patterning of engineered glycophages that display unique carbohydrate epitopes. Specifically, we show that glycophages are compatible with surface immobilization procedures and that phage‐displayed oligosaccharides retain the ability to be recognized by different glycan‐binding proteins (e.g. antibodies and lectins) after immobilization. A key advantage of glycophage arrays is that large quantities of glycophages can be produced biosynthetically from recombinant bacteria and isolated directly from bacterial supernatants without laborious purification steps. Taken together, the glycophage array technology described here should help to expand the diversity of glycan libraries and provide a complement to the existing toolkit for high‐throughput analysis of glycan–protein interactions.
Increased benefit from shorter screening mammography intervals for women ages 40‐49 years

Much of the reluctance of some medical organizations to endorse mammographic screening in women ages 40–49 years could be explained by the previous lack of statistically significant mortality reduction for women in this age group enrolled in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Such absence of benefit had been attributed to the lower detection sensitivity of mammography among younger women due to their relatively denser breasts, potentially limiting tumor visualization. However, this explanation cannot account for any substantial difference in screening efficacy by age because the overall replacement of fibroglandular tissue by fatty tissue occurs gradually between ages 30–70 years with no abrupt change observed at age 50 years. Many younger women have fatty breasts and many older women have denser breasts. Moreover, improvement in mammographic technique over the past few decades allows early detection in younger women despite their somewhat denser breasts. Although differences in the hormonal milieu could account for faster breast carcinoma growth rates prior to menopause, such differences do not represent an insurmountable challenge but rather one that may be solved by more frequent screening intervals. The most plausible reasons for the previous absence of a statistically significant benefit for younger women in screening trials include their lower incidence of breast carcinoma, the relatively smaller number of younger women enrolled, and the longer period until benefit occurs unless they are screened at shorter intervals. For these reasons, more person-years of follow-up are necessary for younger women. None of the population-based RCTs were designed to include enough women ages 40–49 years specifically to evaluate this age group. See referenced original article on pages 2091– 9, this issue. As a case in point, the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York (HIP) Trial, which offered annual screening with mammography and Address for reprints: Stephen A. Feig, M.D., physical examination from 1963–1969, found a statistically significant Breast Imaging Center, Thomas Jefferson Uni23% mortality reduction for all women ages 40–69 years inclusive as versity Hospital, 1100 Walnut Street, Philadelwell as for those ages 50–64 years at entry. The observation that the phia, PA 19107-5563. 23% mortality reduction for women ages 40–49 years at entry lacked statistical significance often was cited in the screening debate. It was Received September 22, 1997, accepted September 24, 1997. less well appreciated that statistical significance also was absent for
The Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: Antidepressants and Opiodis

Objective: The objective of this article was to review the positive scientific data on antidepressants and opioids, which are largely confined to randomized controlled trials in two neuropathic pain conditions that have proved to be good models for clinical investigation. These two disorders are postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy. Design: This is a review of the literature using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database. Results: There is extensive literature supporting the use of the older antidepressants such as amitriptyline in neuropathic pain. Newer randomized controlled trials support the use of opioids. Conclusions: First‐line therapy for neuropathic pain may be either an older generation antidepressant such as amitriptyline or nortriptyline or the anticonvulsant gabapentin. For refractory cases, chronic opioid therapy may be the only avenue of relief, and evidence is accumulating that this approach is safe if proper guidelines are observed.
Resolution of oral lesions after tobacco cessation.

BACKGROUND Dentists and other health care professionals are familiar with the impact of tobacco on oral and general health. However, oral health care professionals do not often provide tobacco-cessation counseling to their patients, thus reflecting a significant disconnect between research and clinical practice. This report demonstrates the benefits of tobacco cessation in resolving oral lesions and improving overall periodontal and oral health. METHODS A 51-year-old white male presented to the University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine clinic requesting an oral and periodontal examination as part of a presurgical protocol prior to cardiac surgery. A review of the patient's history from a health questionnaire revealed that he was using smokeless tobacco every day. An oral examination revealed several white lesions (5 x 10 mm) on the maxillary right and left labial mucosa. The patient was provided with tobacco-cessation counseling as well as oral hygiene instructions and professional dental prophylaxis. RESULTS An oral examination 2 weeks after tobacco cessation revealed complete resolution of the oral lesions and overall improvement of periodontal and oral health. CONCLUSION Although the findings presented in this article are based only on a single case report, the improvement in the patient's oral health after cessation of tobacco use was dramatic and reinforces the belief that tobacco-cessation counseling should be a routine component of the standard of care for tobacco-using patients.
Hinf I polymorphism 3' to the human beta-globin gene detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

FREQUENCY: 75 chromosomes from unrelated Black, Caucasian and Oriental individuals with j6A, V9, and J3-thalassemia alleles: f(+)=0.67 and f(-)=0.33. The Hinf I polymorphism is in linkage disequilibrium with a BamHI polymorphism.2 On all chromosomes analyzed (13 unrelated individuals and 9 nuclear families), both sites were either present or absent. The Hinf I site is thus a marker for framework 2 B3-globin genes2.
5327 Informational Requirements of Nudging

A nudge is a non-coercive paternalistic intervention that attempts to improve choices by manipulating the framing of a decision problem. As any paternalism, it faces the difficulty of determining the appropriate welfare criterion. We propose a welfare-theoretic foundation for nudging similar in spirit to the classic revealed preference approach, by investigating a model where preferences and mistakes of an agent have to be elicited from her choices under different frames. We provide characterizations of the classes of behavioral models for which nudging is possible or impossible. For the case where nudging is possible in principle, we derive results on the required quantity of information. JEL-Code: D030, D040, D600, D820.
TOPOLOGY IN A CATEGORY: COMPACTNESS

In a category with a subobject structure and a closure operator, we provide a categorical theory of compactness and perfectness which yields a number of classical results of general topology as special cases, including the product theorems by Tychonofi and Frol¶‡k, the existence of Stone{ • Cech compactiflcations, both for spaces and maps, and the Henriksen{Isbell characterization of perfect maps of Tychonofi spaces. Applications to other categories yield, among other things, an alternative proof for the productivity of categorically compact groups.
Cloud-Guided QoS and Energy Management for Mobile Interactive Web Applications

In mobile interactive web applications, energy-efficient quality-of-service (QoS) scheduling involves setting a deadline for the best user experience and providing just enough performance to minimize energy. Such performance-slacking approaches require precise performance adjustment using execution time prediction. However, prior prediction approaches suffer from prohibitive training due to extensive input data and manual source code instrumentation. In this paper, we propose a cloud-guided QoS and energy management approach that eliminates the prediction overhead by offloading it to cloud resources. Our approach pre-computes per-input execution time models by profiling web applications on dedicated mobile devices in the cloud. When mobile web applications request data to servers, both the data and its execution time models are delivered to users' mobile devices. Based on the delivered models, a performance control agent on the mobile device selects an operating point to meet the response time requirement. Experimental results show that, by offloading modeling and prediction overheads, our performance-slacking approach can provide average energy savings of 22% and 39% (and up to 89%) for two different timing budgets compared to an industry-quality approach.
MDM2 Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA Stabilization in Hypoxia

ABSTRACT Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases in cancer cells during hypoxia. Herein, we report that the MDM2 oncoprotein plays a role in hypoxia-mediated VEGF upregulation. In studying the characteristics of MDM2 and VEGF expression in neuroblastoma cells, we found that hypoxia induced significantly higher upregulation of both VEGF mRNA and protein in MDM2-positive cells than in the MDM2-negative cells, even in cells without wild-type (wt) p53. We found that hypoxia induced translocation of MDM2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which was associated with increased VEGF expression. Enforcing overexpression of cytoplasmic MDM2 by transfection of the mutant MDM2/166A enhanced expression of VEGF mRNA and protein production, even without hypoxia. The results of mechanistic studies demonstrated that the C-terminal RING domain of the MDM2 protein bound to the AU-rich sequence within the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of VEGF mRNA; this binding increased VEGF mRNA stability and translation. In addition, knockdown of MDM2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in MDM2-overexpressing cancer cells resulted in inhibition of VEGF protein production, cancer cell survival, and angiogenesis. Our results suggest that MDM2 plays a p53-independent role in the regulation of VEGF, which may promote tumor growth and metastasis.
Ovarian follicle reserve: emerging concepts and applications

This paper presents new concepts in the study of folliculogenesis and describes some of the current applications to reproductive biotechnology. The importance of better understanding this issue is addressed both for basic and applied research. After a brief review of the basic conceptions of the origin, formation, and growth of follicles according to established concepts, some controversial points, as the postnatal production of the follicles and the role of multioocyte follicles, are discussed. The importance of the ovarian follicular reserve is considered for fertility and reproductive parameters, as well as some questions about the presence of multioocyte follicles in adult ovaries. Finally, some future prospects are proposed.
Path Expressions in SQL: A User Study on Query Formulation

This article focuses on testing a path-oriented querying approach to hierarchical data in relational databases. The authors execute a user study to compare the path-oriented approach and traditional SQL from two perspectives: correctness of queries and time spent in querying. They also analyze what kinds of errors are typical in path-oriented SQL. Path-oriented query languages are popular in the context of object-orientation and XML. However, relational databases are the most common paradigm for storing data and SQL is most common for manipulating data. When querying hierarchical data in SQL, the user must specify join conditions explicitly between hierarchy levels. Path-oriented SQL is a new alternative for expressing hierarchical queries in relational databases. In the authors' study, the users spent significantly less time in writing path-oriented SQL queries and made fewer errors in query formulation.
Detecting and modeling play behavior using sensor-embedded rock-climbing equipment

Many injures during childhood are related to the use of playground equipment. Until recently, scientific data of how children actually use playground equipment were scarce. Childhood injury cases were not examined thoroughly from the perspective of how equipment can be modified for improving safety without ruining its attraction to children. To design age-appropriate and safer playground equipment, it is essential that scientific data on the interaction between children and this equipment be accumulated. Herein we report on studies to develop new playground equipment by applying sensor technology to examine the science behind children's interaction with playground equipment. We developed a rock-climbing wall equipped with force sensors to record the physical behavior of children while on the wall, thus allowing measurement of these behaviors in a more natural environment. Fifty force sensors installed in the developed rock-climbing wall are able to collect a large amount of data while children are playing with the equipment. The behavior data of 623 children were recorded in the present study. Herein, we also report on a child behavior prediction model created from the collected data.
eview ptimization of power consumption for gas sensor nodes : A survey

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has recently been used, rather successfully, in a huge number of monitoring applications. However, the monitoring of combustible gases with WSN stands out from typical applications where the wireless communications function is much more power hungry than the sensing one. The reason behind this “dissonance” is in using catalytic or semiconductor sensors vailable online 26 July 2015