Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of initial periodontal therapy

Background : Volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide, are toxic metabolites produced by periodontal pathogens. These VSC are also released from the tongue dorsum. Currently, limited data are available on how periodontal treatments may affect sulcular/ tongue sulfide level. The aim of this study was to determine effect of initial therapy including oral hygiene instruction and scaling and root planing (SRP) on sulcular/tongue sulfide level. Methods : Thirteen subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and having three representative periodontal pocket depth (PD) strata in one quadrant (PD 3.0mm: healthy, 4.0mm PD 6.0mm: moderate, and PD 7.0mm: severe disease sites) were selected. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and 3weeks after completion of the initial therapy. The sulfide levels in three representative periodontal pockets (pS) and on three parts (anterior, middle, and posterior) of the tongue dorsum (tS) were measured using a commercial sulfidemonitoring device. Results : The pS levels of the three representative sites were reduced significantly following the initial therapy (p 0.05). However, there was no significant reduction of the tS level in all three parts of the tongue. Conclusions : The initial periodontal therapy such as oral hygiene and SRP re
Broadband 180/spl deg/ bit X-band phase shifter using parallel-coupled lines

A novel, simple and broadband 180deg; bit X-band phase shifter was proposed and fabricated in a standard micromachining process. It is composed of two 90deg parallel-coupled lines; one of which is shorted and the other is grounded. Design equations for the proposed 180deg bit phase shifter are derived by the method of even and odd mode analysis. Based on design equations, 180deg bit phase shifter was designed and fabricated to operate from 7 to 13 GHz with plusmn5deg of phase deviation
Ectopic Pregnancy: A Review

Ectopic pregnancy is a major clinical problem, occurring in 75,000 cases per year in the United States. With in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, microsurgical techniques, and better early diagnosis, the rates of ectopic pregnancies have increased. Transvaginal sonography along with β-human chorionic gonadotrophin monitoring are the standards for evaluation of suspected ectopic pregnancy. When ectopic pregnancy is present, transvaginal sonography most often demonstrates an adnexal finding directly related to the extra-uterine gestation itself, a hematoma caused by it, or both. Although tubal location is most common, it is important to recognize unusual locations of ectopic pregnancy such as isthmic, cervical, ovarian, and abdominal. Ultrasound is the mainstay of diagnosis, but magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in unusual or complicated cases. Current therapeutic options for an ectopic pregnancy are expectant management, systemic methotrexate injections, sonographically guided minimal invasive treatment, and surgery. This review encompasses diagnosis, treatment, and management of ectopic pregnancy.
Regularized and Retrofitted models for Learning Sentence Representation with Context

Vector representation of sentences is important for many text processing tasks that involve classifying, clustering, or ranking sentences. For solving these tasks, bag-of-word based representation has been used for a long time. In recent years, distributed representation of sentences learned by neural models from unlabeled data has been shown to outperform traditional bag-of-words representations. However, most existing methods belonging to the neural models consider only the content of a sentence, and disregard its relations with other sentences in the context. In this paper, we first characterize two types of contexts depending on their scope and utility. We then propose two approaches to incorporate contextual information into content-based models. We evaluate our sentence representation models in a setup, where context is available to infer sentence vectors. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed models outshine existing models on three fundamental tasks, such as, classifying, clustering, and ranking sentences.
The Acute and Chronic Stimulatory Effects of Endothelin-1 on Glucose Transport Are Mediated by Distinct Pathways in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes* *This work was supported by NIH Grant DK-33651.

We have recently shown that pretreatment with endothelin-1 (ET-1) for 20 min stimulates GLUT4 translocation in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (Imamura, T. et al., J Biol Chem 274:33691–33695). This study presents another pathway by which ET-1 potentiates glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ET-1 treatment (10 nm) leads to approximately 2.5-fold stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) uptake within 20 min, reaching a maximal effect of ∼4-fold at ∼6 h, and recovering almost to basal levels after 24 h. Insulin treatment (3 ng/ml) results in an approximately 5-fold increase in 2-DOG uptake at 1 h, and recovering to basal levels after 24 h. The ETA receptor antagonist, BQ 610, inhibited ET-1 induced glucose uptake both at 20 min and 6 h, whereas the ETB receptor antagonist, BQ 788, was without effect. Interestingly, ET-1 stimulated 2-DOG uptake at 6 h, not at 20 min, was almost completely blocked by the protein-synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide and the RNA-synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin.
Whole grain intake of Australians estimated from a cross-sectional analysis of dietary intake data from the 2011–13 Australian Health Survey

Abstract Objective The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommend Australians choose mostly whole-grain and/or high-fibre varieties within the grains (cereal) foods category, with other groups specifying a whole grain Daily Target Intake of 48 g for Australians aged 9 years or above. The USA and UK report estimates of whole grain intake that are low and declining, and no comprehensive studies on whole grain intake in the Australian population are available. The present study aimed to determine national estimates of whole grain intake, compared with current recommendations. Design A recently updated whole grain database was applied to the most current population dietary intake data. Single 24 h dietary recall intake data were reviewed against age group, sex, relative to energy intake and whole grain recommendations. Setting Australia. Subjects Australians (2–85 years) participating in the 2011–13 Australian Health Survey (n 12 153). Results The median daily whole grain intake was 21 g for adults (19–85 years) and 17 g for children/adolescents (2–18 years), or 28 and 23 g/10 MJ per d, respectively. Approximately 30 % of children/adolescents consumed no whole grains on the day of the survey. Whole grain intake was lowest for the age group 14–18 years (8·7 g/d). Of all participants aged ≥9 years, 73 % did not reach the recommended Daily Target Intake of 48 g. Conclusions Whole grain intake in Australia is below recommendations in all age groups. Adolescents may be a key target for campaigns to increase whole grain consumption. This study provides the first quantification of absolute whole grain intake from all food sources in a national sample of Australians.
Modélisation statistique des associations et des interactions entre des parasites transmis par des vecteurs, à partir de données issues d'études transversales

Le multiparasitisme et surtout les associations qui en decoulent, ont une grande influence sur l’ecologie des parasites concernes. Elle est d’autant plus grande que les parasites peuvent interagir et ainsi modifier leurs effets sur les hotes. Cependant, l’identification des associations et interactions de parasites est complexe au niveau populationnel. Notre objectif etait de modeliser les associations et les interactions multiparasitaires, notamment dans le cadre des parasites d’importance medicale, veterinaire ou agronomique. Nous avons tout d’abord realise une revue bibliographique sur les differentes causes et consequences du multiparasitisme ainsi que sur les methodes et outils disponibles pour comprendre les phenomenes qui le generent. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes interesses tout particulierement a la detection des associations multiparasitaires. Nous avons developpe une nouvelle methode « de screening des associations » pour tester statistiquement la presence d’associations de parasites a une echelle globale. Nous avons utilise cette methode pour identifier les associations et pour reveler precisement les parasites associes au sein de diverses populations d’hotes. Puis, nous avons etudie les interactions entre les parasites. Nous avons developpe un modele pour identifier les interactions entre deux parasites vectorises et persistants chez un hote, a partir de donnees issues d’etudes transversales. L’une des voies de progression de la connaissance sur les interactions est la prise en compte des facteurs de risque communs. La prise en compte des interactions contribue a ameliorer le diagnostic, les traitements et la prevention des maladies infectieuses.
A TRMM Microwave Radiometer Rain Rate Estimation Method with Convective and Stratiform Discrimination

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) radiometer brightness temperature data in the 85 GHz channel (T85) reveal distinct local minima (T85min) in a regional map containing a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). This is because of relatively small footprint size (approximately 5.5 km) and strong extinction properties in this channel of the TMI. A map of surface rain rate for that region, deduced from simultaneous measurements made by the Precipitation Radar (PR) on board the TRMM satellite, reveals that these T85(sub min), produced by scattering, correspond to local PR rain maxima. Utilizing the PR rain rate map as a guide, we infer empirically from TMI data the presence of three different kinds of thunderstorms or Cbs. These Cbs are classified as young, mature, and decaying types, and are assumed to have a scale of about 20 km on the average. Two parameters are used to classify these three kinds of Cbs based on the T85 data: a) the magnitude of scattering depression deduced from local T85(sub min) and b) the mean horizontal gradient of T85 around such minima. Knowing the category of a given Cb, we can estimate the rain rate associated with it. Such estimation is done with the help of relationships linking T85min to rain rate in each Cb type. Similarly, a weak background rain rate in all the areas where T85 is less than 260 K is deduced with another relationship linking T85 to rain rate. In our rain retrieval model, this background rain constitutes stratiform rain where the Cbs are absent. Initially, these relationships are optimized or tuned utilizing the PR and TMI data of a few MCS events. After such tuning, the model is applied to independent MCS cases. The areal distribution of light (1-10 mm/hr), moderate (10-20 mm/hr), and intense (>= 20 mm/hr) rain rates are retrieved satisfactorily. Accuracy in the estimates of the light, moderate, and intense rain areas and the mean rain rates associated with such areas in these independent MCS cases is on the average about 15 %. Taking advantage of this ability of our retrieval method, one could derive the latent heat input into the atmosphere over the 760 km wide swath of the TMI radiometer in the tropics.
Potential effectiveness of health warning labels among employees in Thailand.

OBJECTIVE Explore and investigate the perceptions and responses of employees regarding the effects of a Health Warning Label (HWL) on their decision to encourage quitting and stages of change in smoking behavior. MATERIAL AND METHOD One thousand six hundred thirty seven employees in workplaces from four regions, including Bangkok city, were studied during the year 2005-2006. Six hundred nine employees (both non- or cigarette smokers) were part of a cohort study using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Questionnaires were used to sample the cohort twice and two individuals per factory were interviewed in-depth. RESULTS The New-HWL that made the best impression was the "cancer caused by cigarette smoking" and 3.8% stopped smoking after seeing the New-HWL. Moreover, New-HWL increased employees "pro" attitudes about smoking cessation. Decisional balance that reflected different "con" to quit, among non-quitting and quitting smokers. CONCLUSION New-HWL significantly increased attitudes about smoking cessation.
System design for 3D Silicon integration

3-D ICs enable dramatically improved. 3D integration and is expected to be a serious alternative to below 45 nm technology to continue the race toward integration at lower cost. Improvements of density of integration and performances will continue thanks to wire length reduction. Additionally, 3D enables an easier mix of technology in the same IC. The success of these new ICs depends on the availability of new methodologies and skills that are required to achieve acceptable design quality and productivity. This talk addresses technology trends and design challenges for 3D integration.
RopGEF7 Regulates PLETHORA-Dependent Maintenance of the Root Stem Cell Niche in Arabidopsis[C][W][OA]

An activator of RAC/ROP GTPases, RopGEF7, regulates the maintenance of the root stem cell niche in Arabidopsis by mediating the expression of PLETHORA transcription factors and interacting with At RAC1 to activate RAC/ROP signaling. RopGEF7 expression is stimulated by auxin and may be an integral component of a network that regulates auxin signaling and root development. The root stem cell niche defines the area that specifies and maintains the stem cells and is essential for the maintenance of root growth. Here, we characterize and examine the functional role of a quiescent center (QC)–expressed RAC/ROP GTPase activator, RopGEF7, in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that RopGEF7 interacts with At RAC1 and overexpression of a C-terminally truncated constitutively active RopGEF7 (RopGEF7ΔC) activates RAC/ROP GTPases. Knockdown of RopGEF7 by RNA interference causes defects in embryo patterning and maintenance of the QC and leads to postembryonic loss of root stem cell population. Gene expression studies indicate that RopGEF7 is required for root meristem maintenance as it regulates the expression of PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and PLT2, which are key transcription factors that mediate the patterning of the root stem cell niche. Genetic analyses show that RopGEF7 interacts with PLT genes to regulate QC maintenance. Moreover, RopGEF7 is induced transcriptionally by auxin while its function is required for the expression of the auxin efflux protein PIN1 and maintenance of normal auxin maxima in embryos and seedling roots. These results suggest that RopGEF7 may integrate auxin-derived positional information in a feed-forward mechanism, regulating PLT transcription factors and thereby controlling the maintenance of root stem cell niches.
Single depth image super-resolution via high-frequency subbands enhancement and bilateral filtering

This paper addresses the problem of super-resolution (SR) from a single low-resolution (LR) depth image to a high-resolution (HR) depth image. A simple yet effective method has been proposed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT), and by utilizing the gradient information of the interpolated LR image. We propose an intermediate stage to enhance the high-frequency subbands to recover the HR image for both noiseless and noisy scenarios. The proposed method has been validated on Middlebury dataset for different upsampling factors (i.e. 2, 4, 8) and is shown to be superior when compared with some related DWT and SWT based SR methods. We also demonstrate encouraging performance of the approach on noisy depth images.
Candida albicans infection in free-living populations of hihi (stitchbird; Notiomystis cincta)

Abstract AIM: To describe the occurrence of candidiasis in hihi (stitch-bird; Notiomystis cincta) nestlings, and investigate the carriage and impact of Candida albicans infection in a free-living population of hihi. METHODS: Mortality of nestlings was investigated in a reintroduced population of the endangered, endemic hihi at Zealandia: Karori Sanctuary, Wellington, New Zealand. Oral and faecal samples were collected from live hihi nestlings, for microbiological examination, between October 2008 and April 2009. All hihi that died and could be recovered were submitted to the New Zealand Wildlife Health Centre (NZWHC) at Massey University, for post-mortem examination. The results were compared with data obtained retrospectively from the National Wildlife Mortality (NWM) database for two other reintroduced populations of hihi on Mokoia and Tiritiri Matangi Islands. RESULTS: Fifty chicks fledged from 82 eggs hatched during the 2008–2009 breeding season at Zealandia: Karori Sanctuary. Thirty-four live nestlings were sampled from 11 nests, and C. albicans was isolated from gastrointestinal swabs of 13 live nestlings from four nest sites. Eight (62%) of those nestlings survived to fledge, compared with 17/21 (81%) of those that tested negative (p=0.254; Fisher's exact test). Of the 32 hihi nestlings that died during the period of the study, 25 were recovered for necropsy. Histopathological examination revealed candidiasis was a factor in the deaths of four nestlings. An adult hihi that died during the period of the study at Zealandia: Karori Sanctuary was also found to have candidiasis. Retrospective analysis of data from the NWM database revealed candidiasis was also a factor in the deaths of five nestlings aged between 1 and 10 days from Mokoia Island, and of three nestlings <5 days old and one adult from Tiritiri Matangi Island. CONCLUSIONS: Candida albicans was isolated from 38% of hihi nestlings sampled in this study, and vertical transmission of this organism from parent to offspring is likely to occur. Some colonised nestlings developed ventriculitis associated with Candida spp. , but survival to fledging was not significantly different between nestlings that tested positive or negative, although the fate of birds following fledging was unknown.
Baru Case Report : Aviation Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnancy

This case report discusses an expanding demographic: Aviation-related venothromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy. As the number of commercial flights increase and the notion of travel gains popularity, the obstetrician is certain to meet an increasing number of at-risk mothers bound for a long haul flight. The pregnancy state itself being hypercoaguable, studies show that air-travel specific conditions namely immobility, dehydration and hypobaria which leads to thrombus formation. Despite VTE being a leading cause of maternal mortality in world wide, specific preventive protocols regarding the at-risk pregnant flier remain scarce-to-nil. Data has shown that compressive stockings alone remain insufficient. The much-debated role of injectable thromboprophylaxis pre-flight is discussed here. Data and studies regarding oral anticoagulants for prevention and treatment of VTE are fast rising and their roles in pregnancy explored. In summation, evidence irrevocably shows that the risks of VTE outweigh that of bleeding. However, the imperative for thromboprophylaxis in at risk pregnant fliers is still controversial. Copyright © 2016 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.
Science and Medicine in Imperial China—The State of the Field

Sinology and the history of science have changed practically beyond recognition in the past half-century. Both have become academic specialisms, with their own departments, journals, and professional societies. Both have moved off in new directions, drawing on the tools and insights of several disciplines. Although some sinologists still honor no ambition beyond explicating primary texts, on many of the field's frontiers philology is no more than a tool. Similarly, many technical historians now explore issues for which anthropology or systems analysis is as indispensable as traditional historiography.
Photosynthetic sucrose acts as cotyledon-derived long-distance signal to control root growth during early seedling development in Arabidopsis

The most hazardous span in the life of green plants is the period after germination when the developing seedling must reach the state of autotrophy before the nutrients stored in the seed are exhausted. The need for an economically optimized utilization of limited resources in this critical period is particularly obvious in species adopting the dispersal strategy of producing a large amount of tiny seeds. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana belongs to this category. Arabidopsis seedlings promote root development only in the light. This response to light has long been recognized and recently discussed in terms of an organ-autonomous feature of photomorphogenesis directed by the red/blue light absorbing photoreceptors phytochrome and cryptochrome and mediated by hormones such as auxin and/or gibberellin. Here we show that the primary root of young Arabidopsis seedlings responds to an interorgan signal from the cotyledons and that phloem transport of photosynthesis-derived sugar into the root tip is necessary and sufficient for the regulation of root elongation growth by light.
Constraint-induced movement therapy as a rehabilitation intervention for upper extremity in stroke patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a neurorehabilitation technique designed to improve upper extremity motor functions after stroke. This review aimed to investigate evidence of the effect of CIMT on upper extremity in stroke patients and to identify optimal methods to apply CIMT. Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, and PEDro) and reference lists of relevant articles and reviews were searched. Randomized clinical trials that studied the effect of CIMT on upper extremity outcomes in stroke patients compared with other rehabilitative techniques, usual care, or no intervention were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro score. The following data were extracted for each trial: patients’ characteristics, sample size, eligibility criteria, protocols of CIMT and control groups, outcome measurements, and the PEDro score. A total of 38 trials were identified according to the inclusion criteria. The trials included were heterogeneous in CIMT protocols, time since stroke, and duration and frequency of treatment. The pooled meta-analysis of 36 trials found a heterogeneous significant effect of CIMT on upper extremity. There was no significant effect of CIMT at different durations of follow-up. The majority of included articles did not fulfill powered sample size and quality criteria. The effect of CIMT changed in terms of sample size and quality features of the articles included. These meta-analysis findings indicate that evidence for the superiority of CIMT in comparison with other rehabilitative interventions is weak. Information on the optimal dose of CIMT and optimal time to start CIMT is still limited.
Die Bedeutung des Country-of-Origin Effekts vor dem Hintergrund der Internationalisierung von Unternehmen: Eine teilweise individualisierte Conjoint-Analyse

Die Globalisierung der Maerkte mit sich annaehernden Konsumentenbeduerfnissen in vielen Produktbereichen foerdert die Chancen von "Welt"-Produkten ohne eindeutig identifizierbares Herkunftsland.Bei naeherer Betrachtung dieser Situation kann man jedoch zu dem Schluss kommen, das Konsumenten in anonymen und unuebersichtlichen Maerkten ihre Kaufentscheidungen dadurch vereinfachen, indem sie verstaerkt Schluesselinformationen wie das Herkunftsland zur Produktbeurteilung heranziehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im vorliegenden Beitrag der Country-of-Origin Effekt in zwei Laendern quanitifziert und moegliche soziodemographische und psychographische Einflussfaktoren hinsichtlich der Relevanz des Herkunftslandes bei der Produktbeurteilung identifiziert.