Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic innervation of serotoninergic neurons in the myenteric plexus

The monoaminergic innervation of the guinea pig small intestine was investigated to determine if there is an anatomical basis for the hypothesis that serotoninergic and noradrenergic neurons physiologically interact in the enteric nervous system. Initial rates of uptake of tritiated 5‐hydroxy‐tryptamine (3H‐5‐HT) or norepinephrine (3H‐NE) by segments of guinea pig small intestine were measured in order to estimate the regional density of the serotoninergic and noradrenergic innervation. No change was found in the uptake of 3H‐5‐HT as a function of distance between duodenum and ileum, whereas the relative uptake of 3H‐NE declined. The pattern of serotoninergic elements demonstrated radioautographically was compared with that obtained by visualizing 5‐HT immunoreactivity. Both methods revealed that a small number of serotoninergic neurons, located in 35.3% ± 1.5% of myenteric ganglia, give rise to many fibers that form thick bundles in interganglionic connectives. Moreover, there was a pronounced heterogeneity in the serotoninergic innervation of individual myenteric neurons and ganglia. In material fixed with aldehydes and postfixed with NaMnO4, noradrenergic axon terminals were identified by their characteristic small dense‐cored vesicles. Following incubation with 3H‐NE only terminals with small dense‐cored vesicles were radioautographically labeled, confirming that these terminals are noradrenergic. When 3H‐5‐HT was substituted for 3H‐NE, noradrenergic terminals were not labeled, showing that nonspecific uptake of 3H‐5‐HT into noradrenergic axons did not occur in the presence of 5‐hydroxydopamine. The combination of aldehyde‐NaMnO4 fixation with the radioautographic localization of 3H‐5‐HT thus permitted the simultaneous identification of serotoninergic and noradrenergic neural elements. Serotoninergic varicosities were found to differ from noradrenergic varicosities in the size, appearance, and packing density of their synaptic vesicles. In addition, recognizable but rudimentary pre‐ and postsynaptic membrane specializations were associated with serotoninergic but not noradrenergic varicosities. Most serotoninergic neuronal cell bodies were contacted both by serotoninergic synapses and noradrenergic varicosities. Similar appositions of noradrenergic varicosities with nonserotoninergic neurons appeared to be rare. In view of earlier observations that sympathetic nerves affect the release of 5‐HT from stimulated enteric serotoninergic neurons, it seems likely that the noradrenergic appositions with serotoninergic neurons are the anatomical substrate for this effect. The strategic and possibly unique innervation of serotoninergic neurons by noradrenergic sympathetic postganglionic fibers is consistent with the hypothesis that the regulation of the activity of serotoninergic neurons is involved in central modulation of intestinal motility.
On the Value of Coherent and Coordinated Multi-Cell Transmission

Coordinated multi-cell processing facilitates multi- user precoding techniques across distributed base station (BS) antenna heads. This paper evaluates the performance of different coordinated multi-cell transmission methods with several channel allocation algorithms in different scenarios with varying inter- cell interference. A generalised method for joint design of linear transceivers with coordinated multi-cell processing subject to per-BS power constraints is provided for single antenna receivers. The method can accommodate a variety of scenarios from coherent multi-cell beamforming across a large virtual multiantenna broadcast channel to single-cell beamforming with inter-cell interference coordination and channel allocation. The system optimisation objectives are weighted SINR maximisation across all the transmitted data streams and weighted sum rate maximisation. The numerical examples demonstrate the value of the coherent multi-cell beamforming, which greatly outperforms the non-coherent cases especially at the cell edge. The coordinated single-cell transmission with interference avoidance and dynamic user allocation is also shown to perform relatively well with a partial spatial loading.
Differentiation in Acanthamoeba castellanii.

INTRODUCTION . 190 METHODS OF CULTURE AND ENCYSTMENT 193 A DESCRIPTION OF ENCYSTMENT IN EM 194 CONSIDERATION OF THE ROLE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS 200 Trophozoite DNA . 200 DNA Synthesis During Encystment 200 RNA Levels and Synthesis During Encystment 201 RNA Polymerases 203 Ribosomal and Transfer RNA 204 RNA Species During Encystment 204 Nuclear and Nucleolar Proteins During Encystment 206 DEGRADA TIVE PROCESSES DURING ENCYSTMENT 206 CYCLIC AMP AND ENCYSTMENT 208 COMPOSITION OF THE CYST WALL 209 THE ORIGIN OF CYST WALL CELLULOSE . 209 CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS DURING ENCYSTMENT 211 In Vivo and In Vitro Cellulose Synthesis 212 Developmental Control 212 Studies of Mechanism 213
Remediation of Abandoned Mines Using Coal Combustion By-Products

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a phenomenon that occurs when pyrite that is present in abandoned coal mines comes in contact with oxygen and water, which results in the formation of sulfuric acid and iron hydroxide. Grouting of an abandoned mine with alkaline materials provides a permanent reduction in acid production. This study investigates the success of coal combustion by-product (CCB)-based grout mixtures in reducing AMD. The laboratory phase included testing of grouts with different proportions of Class F fly ash, flue gas desulfurization by-product, fluidized bed combustion by-product, and quicklime, for slump, modified flow, bleed, and strength. Then the selected optimal grout mixture was injected into the Frazee mine, located in Western Maryland. Pre- and post-injection water quality data were collected to assess the long-term success of the grouting operation by analyzing mine water, surface water, and groundwater. Laboratory tests indicated that the four mechanical properties of grout mixtures, slump, modified flow, bleed, and strength, are related to the fly ash and free lime contents of the mixture. Eight years of post-injection water quality monitoring shows that there has been a significant decrease in acidity, concentrations of major ions, and trace elements in the mine water. The groundwater and surface water data suggested no adverse impacts of AMD in the pre- or post-injection period. Tests performed on the field exhumed grout cores showed that the hardened grout retained its strength and low hydraulic conductivity with no evidence of in situ weathering. Overall, the results indicated that CCB-based grouts can control the acid mine drainage. However, the mechanical properties of the grout are highly critical for the construction phase, and long-term monitoring is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of the grouting process.
Sex hormones and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in men with hypertension

Objective and design: It has been hypothesized that risk factors for coronary heart disease in men are linked and that the underlying factor linking them may be an alteration in the sex hormone milieu. As a test of this hypothesis, sex hormones and fibrinogen, factor VII and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), hemostatic factors recently shown to be risk factors for myocardial infarction, were measured in men with hypertension and in healthy control subjects. Results: The fasting serum testosterone and free testosterone levels were decreased and the plasma factor VII and PAI-1 levels increased in the men with hypertension. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.
Towards Cloud-based Vehicular Networks

Following the Internet of Things (IoT) ideology wherein every device is connected, the time has come to evolve the means of transportation and the infrastructure in order to form the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). With the recent emergence of autonomous vehicles, a growing interest in vehicular networking and its potential is seen. Where first the main focus was to inform drivers about potential safety risks, road conditions and traffic information, the view now has expanded to enable Internet access and implement other applications and services. However, many studies have shown that previous designs of Vehicular Networks (VN) cannot handle extensive usage of additional applications. This paper will focus on the integration of Cloud Computing (CC) in Vehicular Networks (VN) forming a new cloud-based resource-efficient vehicular network; a Vehicular Cloud (VC). This will be greatly beneficial for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) now that they can share computation, storage and bandwidth resources supporting the development of new applications. Modern vehicles are equipped with formidable sensors constantly gathering information about the environment. The VC can help to collect all the individual sensor data which is used in vehicular applications and services for improving safety, pollution control and traffic management. We will describe how a VC is beneficial for improving and supporting different types of applications and services within vehicular networks by presenting VC specific examples. Furthermore, we will compare previously proposed approaches regarding the integration of Cloud Computing in VNs and present a general design for Vehicular Cloud Networking (VCN). Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges and define future research areas regarding cloudbased VNs.
Benefits vs. side effects of Adalimumab treatment in Psoriasis/Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a seronegative, inflammatory joint disease. In most patients with PSA, skin psoriasis precedes arthritis; however, the causality is multi-factorial and many aspects related to it remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays essential role in the pathogenesis of PsA and psoriasis. Hence, the selective inhibition of TNF-α leads to significant improvement of disease activity in patients with immunologically mediated inflammation such as psoriasis and PsA. Adalimumab has been demonstrated to improve functional and dermatological-related limitations. However, not all patients have a good response to Adalimumab, and the long-term safety remains unknown. In this literature review we are highlighting the benefits versus possible side effect of adalimumab in treating psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis.
Herpesvirus vaccines: Challenges and future prospects

Human herpes viruses are a family of large double stranded DNA viruses. Their life-cycle is characterized by an initial lytic cycle of infection in which large numbers of new virions are generated, followed by a pattern of lifelong latent infection with intermittent reactivation and viral shedding. Co-evolution over millennia has resulted in an interaction between host and pathogen which leads to the successful establishment of a lifelong latent infection with typically minimal impact upon the host, and subsequent maintenance and control of latently infected cells by the host immune system. Infection is usually asymptomatic or leads to an acute transient disease. However more severe disease can arise during primary infection, latency or upon reactivation; in both an immunocompromised and an immunocompetent setting, indicative of a need for the development of vaccine strategies which can either prevent infection or treat virally-associated diseases.
Robust Floor Determination Algorithm for Indoor Wireless Localization Systems under Reference Node Failure

One of the challenging problems for indoor wireless multifloor positioning systems is the presence of reference node (RN) failures, which cause the values of received signal strength (RSS) to be missed during the online positioning phase of the location fingerprinting technique. This leads to performance degradation in terms of floor accuracy, which in turn affects other localization procedures. This paper presents a robust floor determination algorithm called Robust Mean of Sum-RSS (RMoS), which can accurately determine the floor on which mobile objects are located and can work under either the fault-free scenario or the RN-failure scenarios. The proposed fault tolerance floor algorithm is based on the mean of the summation of the strongest RSSs obtained from the IEEE 802.15. 4 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) during the online phase. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with those of different floor determination algorithms in literature. The experimental results show that the proposed robust floor determination algorithm outperformed the other floor algorithms and can achieve the highest percentage of floor determination accuracy in all scenarios tested. Specifically, the proposed algorithm can achieve greater than 95% correct floor determination under the scenario in which 40% of RNs failed.
Sustentabilidad y cambio climático: Lineamientos de políticas de adaptación para la agricultura y el desarrollo rural

Se analiza una serie de aspectos conceptuales y metodologicos respecto de la relacion entre desarrollo sustentable y cambio climatico. Se hace enfasis en la vulnerabilidad regional y en los procesos de planeacion agroambiental para el desarrollo rural. Asimismo, se presentan consideraciones para el fortalecimiento institucional local mediante la discusion de lineamientos de politicas hacia la adaptacion de la agricultura y el desarrollo rural ante el cambio climatico, bajo el marco de la sustentabilidad regional
Lithium Prophylaxis in Perspective

Two lines of research merged in the study which won the Anna Monika First Prize in 1969 and which later was published as three articles in The British Journal of Psychiatry (Angst et al., 1970; Grof et al., 1970; Schou et al., 1970). In Denmark, Baastrup and Schou had observed and reported on the ability of lithium to ameliorate or prevent not only manic but also depressive relapses in recurrent manicdepressive illness (Baastrup and Schou, 1967). And, studying the natural history of manic-depressive illness, Angst and Weis in Switzerland and Grofin Czechoslovakia had found a marked tendency to recurrence and had proposed new methods for the testing of predictive factors (Angst and Weis, 1967; Grofand Vinar. 1966).
Immunological capacity of the chicken embryo. II. Humoral immune responses in embryos and young chickens bursectomized and sham-bursectomized at 52--64 h of incubation.

White Rock embryos surgically "bursectomized" at 52--64 h of incubation, and shambursectomized embryos were injected with 10(6) guinea-pig red blood cells on day 12 of incubation, and tested for plaque-forming cells and serum haemagglutinins 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 19 days after immunization, i.e. as 15- to 19-day-old embryos and 1- to 10-day-old chickens. The number of natural plaque-forming cells detected by direct or indirect techniques was small in nonimmunized shambursectomized and bursectomized embryos, but increased in very young chickens. The injection of guinea-pig red blood cells induced a significant increase in the number of direct and indirect plaque-forming cells in the spleen of bursectomized and sham-bursectomized embryos and chickens. Agglutination of papain-treated guinea-pig red blood cells and indirect anti-chicken globulin (Coombs) test revealed the presence of natural agglutinins for guinea-pig and for sheep erythrocytes in non-immunized sham-and bursectomized embryos. A small number of sera from nonimmunized bursectomized and sham-bursectomized embryos contained IgM. The immunization with guinea-pig red blood cells increased the antibody production in both bursectomized and sham-bursectomized embryos and chickens. Sham-bursectomized embryos responded better to antigenic stimulation than bursectomized embryos. The injection of guinea-pig red blood produced an enlargement of the spleen only in bursectomized embryos and chickens. The first plasma cells appeared in nonimmunized sham-and bursectomized 6-day-old chickens. The number of plasma cells increased in chickens immunized as embryos. Cytomorphological analysis of the thymus, bone marrow and liver did not reveal apparent differences between bursectomized, sham-bursectomized embryos and very young chickens. It has been postulated that the chicken embryo has an antibody-producing system composed of the bursal and the nonbursal (or accessory "bursal") microenvironment, the latter being bursa-independent. The final microenvironmental network for the formation of Bu lymphocytes is the result of coordinated activities of a variety of intrinsic cellular and humoral factors.
Society of Toxicologic Pathology Position Paper on Best Practices on Recovery Studies

This article reviews the regulatory guidelines that provide for the inclusion of recovery groups in toxicology studies, presents the challenges in the design and interpretation of nonclinical recovery studies, and summarizes the best practices for the role of an anatomic pathologist regarding toxicology studies with recovery groups. Evaluating the potential recovery of histopathologic findings induced by a biopharmaceutical requires the active participation of one or more anatomic pathologists. Their expertise is critical in risk assessment regarding the potential for recovery as well as providing scientific guidance in the design and evaluation of studies with recovery groups.
cDNA cloning and chromosomal localization of neural adhesion molecule NB‐3 in human

Neural adhesion molecules in the immunoglobulin superfamily play essential roles in axonal guidance during development, plasticity, and maintenance of synaptic connections in the adult brain. Recently, we reported two novel cDNAs encoding adhesion molecules, NB‐2 and NB‐3, in the contactin/F3 subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily from rat brain. We have now isolated cDNA encoding human NB‐3. The cDNA clone, hNB‐3, consists of 3,530 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 3,084 nucleotides encoding 1,028 amino acids. It shares with rat NB‐3 86% identity in nucleotide sequences and 90% identity in amino acid sequences. Likewise, hNB‐3 exhibits 53% and 51% identity in nucleotide sequences and 43% and 44% identity in amino acid sequences with human contactin/F3 and human TAG‐1/axonin‐1, respectively. Northern blot analysis of mRNA isolated from different regions of the adult human nervous system showed that the hNB‐3 mRNA content was regionally different by dozens‐fold, although the mRNA was detected in all regions, as a transcript of 3.7 kb. The cerebellum showed the highest expression of hNB‐3 mRNA among various regions of the nervous system. Chromosomal localization of hNB‐3, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, was assigned to 3p25‐26. J. Neurosci. Res. 51:275–283, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CAGISTrans: A Transactional Framework for Cooperative Work

The problem addressed in this paper deals with data sharing as a means to cooperate. Our main focus is on transactional mechanisms to manage concurrent accesses to (partially) shared dataand resource bases. Several transaction models have been developed for this purpose. However, they may still be unsatisfactory with respect to support for runtime changes and heterogeneity. The paper outlines our contributions to solve these problems, based on a transactional framework – called CAGISTrans – for customising transaction models to application needs. As part of the solution, we propose an new workspace approach to support data exchange. Further, the paper investigates necessary elements of an application specific transaction model, and discusses how they can be organised to cope with dynamic environments. Heterogeneity, on the other hand, is addressed through the use of a middleware-based architecture, focusing on portability and interoperability. Finally, the paper discusses the use of XML as a transaction specification language. This includes the advantages that can be gained and the challenges that must be considered.
Framework for innovation in business practice unit

Frameworks for innovation, six generic factors and 2-dimensional matrix, have been developed, especially for engineers who need to work on innovation enabling environments within their business practice unit (BPU). These frameworks should support typical Japanese bottoms-up or middle-up-down management model, by helping enable innovations at business practice level toward innovative Japanese industry in 21st century.
A role for PCNA2 in translesion synthesis by Arabidopsis thaliana DNA polymerase η

Eukaryotic DNA polymerase η (Polη) confers ultraviolet (UV) resistance by catalyzing translesion synthesis (TLS) past UV photoproducts. Polη has been studied extensively in budding yeast and mammalian cells, where its interaction with monoubiquitylated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is necessary for its biological activity. Recently, in collaboration with other investigators, our laboratory demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana Polη is required for UV resistance in plants. Furthermore, the purified enzyme can perform TLS opposite a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer and interacts with PCNA. Intriguingly, the biological activity of Polη in a heterologous yeast assay depends on co expression with Arabidopsis PCNA2 and Polη sequences implicated in binding PCNA or ubiquitin. We suggest that interaction of Arabidopsis Polη with ubiquitylated PCNA2 is required for TLS past UV photoproducts by Polη. Addendum to: Anderson HJ, Vonarx EJ, Pastushok L, Nakagawa M, Katafuchi A, Gruz P, Di Rubbo A, Grice DM, Osmond MJ, Sakamoto AN, Nohmi T, Xiao W, Kunz BA. Arabidopsis thaliana Y family DNA polymerase η catalyses translesion synthesis and interacts functionally with PCNA2. Plant J 2008; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008. 03562.x.
Transformation beforeDelete : Transformation onClick : Transformation onDoubleClick : Transformation onLClick : Transformation onCopy : Transformation onCut : Transformation onPaste : Transformation ActionName

Nowadays, there are many frameworks for developing domain-specific tools. However, if we want to create a really sophisticated tool with specific functionality requirements, it is not always an easy task to do. Although tool-building platforms offer some means for extending the tool functionality and accessing it from external applications, it usually requires a deep understanding of various technical implementation details. In this paper we try to go one step closer to a really open graphical tool-building framework that would allow both to change the behavior of the tool and to access the tool from the outside easily. We start by defining a specialization of metamodels which is a great and powerful facility itself. Then we go on and show how this can be applied in the field of graphical domain-specific tool building. The approach is demonstrated on an example of a subset of UML activity diagrams. The benefits of the approach are also clearly indicated. These include a natural and intuitive definition of tools, a strict logic/presentation separation and the openness for extensions as well as for external applications.