Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exact exchange-correlation kernels for optical spectra of model systems

For two prototype systems, we calculate the exact exchange-correlation kernels fxc(x,x′,ω) of time-dependent density functional theory. fxc, the key quantity for optical absorption spectra of electronic systems, is normally subject to uncontrolled approximation. We find that, up to the first excitation energy, the exact fxc has weak frequency dependence and a simple, though nonlocal, spatial form. For higher excitations, the spatial behavior and frequency dependence become more complex. The accuracy of the underlying exchange-correlation potential is of crucial importance.
Noncrop features and heterogeneity mediate overwintering bird diversity in agricultural landscapes of southwest China

Abstract Farmland birds are of conservation concerns around the world. In China, conservation management has focused primarily on natural habitats, whereas little attention has been given to agricultural landscapes. Although agricultural land use is intensive in China, environmental heterogeneity can be highly variable in some regions due to variations in crop and noncrop elements within a landscape. We examined how noncrop heterogeneity, crop heterogeneity, and noncrop features (noncrop vegetation and water body such as open water) influenced species richness and abundance of all birds as well as three functional groups (woodland species, agricultural land species, and agricultural wetland species) in the paddy‐dominated landscapes of Erhai water basin situated in northwest Yunnan, China. Birds, crop, and noncrop vegetation surveys in twenty 1 km × 1 km landscape plots were conducted during the winter season (from 2014 to 2015). The results revealed that bird community compositions were best explained by amounts of noncrop vegetation and compositional heterogeneity of noncrop habitat (Shannon–Wiener index). Both variables also had a positive effect on richness and abundance of woodland species. Richness of agricultural wetland species increased with increasing areas of water bodies within the landscape plot. Richness of total species was also greater in the landscapes characterized by larger areas of water bodies, high proportion of noncrop vegetation, high compositional heterogeneity of noncrop habitat, or small field patches (high crop configurational heterogeneity). Crop compositional heterogeneity did not show significant effects neither on the whole community (all birds) nor on any of the three functional groups considered. These findings suggest that total bird diversity and some functional groups, especially woodland species, would benefit from increases in the proportion of noncrop features such as woody vegetation and water bodies as well as compositional heterogeneity of noncrop features within landscape.
Exterior powers in Iwasawa theory

The Iwasawa theory of CM fields has traditionally concerned Iwasawa modules that are abelian pro-p Galois groups with ramification allowed at a maximal set of primes over p such that the module is torsion. A main conjecture for such an Iwasawa module describes its codimension one support in terms of a p-adic L-function attached to the primes of ramification. In this paper, we study more general and potentially much smaller Iwasawa modules that are quotients of exterior powers of Iwasawa modules with ramification at a set of primes over p by sums of exterior powers of inertia subgroups. We show that the higher codimension support of such quotients can be measured by finite collections of p-adic L-functions under the relevant CM main conjectures.
Duality for coalescing stochastic flows on the real line

For a class of coalescing stochastic flows on the real line the existence of dual flows is proved. A stochastic flow and its dual are constructed as a forward and backward perfect cocycles over the same metric dynamical system. The metric dynamical system itself is defined on a new state space for coalescing flows. General results are applied to Arratia flows with drift.
Adverse events associated with third space endoscopy: Diagnosis and management

Third space endoscopy (TSE) is a ‘magnum opus’ in the field of therapeutic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy that has led to a paradigm shift in the management of various GI disorders. TSE or submucosal endoscopy is based on the concept of mucosal flap safety valve technique. Since, the basic principle is more or less similar for all the TSE procedures, the nature of major adverse events (AE) also shares some similarity across the spectrum of TSE procedures. These AE include insufflation related AE, bleeding, perforation, and infection. Insufflation related events are among the most commonly encountered AEs. However, majority of the insufflation related AE do not require a specific intervention and not regarded as AE in true sense. Identification of risk factors and adaptation of preventative strategies may help in reducing the incidence of AE. At the same time, early recognition and expeditious management is paramount to reduce morbidities associated with these AE. Due to heterogeneity in the reporting of AE, it is difficult to estimate the actual incidence of AE and compare the results between different studies. Therefore, universal adaptation of a standard reporting system is required to quantify the true incidence of AE for each procedure. Copyright © 2020, Gastrointestinal
Effect of Pollen Limitation and Pollinator Visitation on Pollination Success of Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge in Fragmented Habitats

Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge is an ecologically important species in arid regions. Pollen limitation may decrease plant reproduction due to low levels of pollen transfer and inadequate pollen receipt. In arid regions, pollen limitations of many plant species may be influenced by habitat fragmentation. However, whether pollen limitation and pollinator visitation affect the pollination success of H. ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) in fragmented habitats still needs further study. In this study, we calculated the pollen limitation in natural and fragmented habitats to estimate the effect of habitat fragmentation on pollen limitation. In different habitats, we investigated the relationship between the number of open flowers and pollinator visiting frequency. In addition, we examined how habitat fragmentation affects pollination success through the influence of pollinator visitation rate on seed set. Our results indicated that pollen limitation was the important limiting factor for seed set in fragmented and natural habitats. The results showed higher pollinator visitation rates resulted in a higher percentage of seeds in both habitats. In H. ammodendron, Apis mellifera was found to be the dominant pollinator. These results may support the assertion that plants evolve traits to attract pollinators and pollinators increase their visiting frequency to better exploit the floral resources. We also determined that outcrossing was dominant in the breeding system and that wind pollination played an important role in pollination success. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how environmental heterogeneity affects pollen limitation, pollinator visitation, and pollination success in arid regions.
Kamu Sektörü İç Denetiminde Stratejik Bir Araç Olarak Sürekli Denetim: Türkiye Örneği

In both public and private sectors, internal audit profession has become a fundamental requirement to improve business processes to achieve strategic goals. This is due to the fact that internal audit has a significant role with its value added risk-based approach and being trusted advisor in achieving strategic goals. Internal audit in public sector is a comparatively new practice in Turkey which became operative with the Public Financial Management and Control Law (No 5018) back in 2003 in order to ensure economic, efficient, effective utilization of public resources in line with the priorities and performance indicators of public administrations. After a short transition period, the public administrations have started to establish their internal audit functions with the full support of Internal Audit Coordination Board of Turkey based on IIA standards in such a tiny period of time. The major aim of this paper is to analyze the current state of public sector internal audit in Turkey and provide an example for the best practice. In this respect, internal audit function of the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forest is chosen. This is because internal audit team of the Ministry uses a continuous auditing software which was developed in-house to conduct their audit plans, fieldworks and reports in digital. Firstly, the importance of continuous auditing and data analytics is explained based on relevant literature. Secondly, brief background information about the internal audit in Turkish public sector is given and internal audit function of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is introduced shortly. Thirdly, the data, methodology and empirical results of the continuous auditing case of the Ministry is presented. In conclusion, policy recommendations are made based on empirical findings in order to contribute literature.
Ethiopia’s high childhood undernutrition explained: analysis of the prevalence and key correlates based on recent nationally representative data

Abstract Objective To examine the contribution of child, maternal and household factors in stunting, wasting and underweight among children under 5 years in Ethiopia. Design Quantitative cross-sectional design based on nationally representative data. Setting Urban and rural areas of Ethiopia. Participants Younger (0–24 months; n 4199) and older age groups (25–59 months; n 5497), giving a total of 9696 children. Results Among the younger age group, 29 % were stunted, 14 % were wasted and 19 % were underweight; and among the older age group, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 47, 8 and 28 %, respectively. Being female, intake of multiple micronutrients, household having a piped source of drinking-water, high maternal BMI, higher household wealth and higher maternal education were associated with decreased odds of at least one form of undernutrition in both groups. On the other hand, children who were anaemic, had low birth weight, drank from a bottle, and children of stunted or wasted or working mothers were more likely to be stunted, wasted or underweight in both groups (P<0·05). While most predictors and/or risk factors followed a similar pattern across the two age groups, child factors had higher leverage in the younger than the older group across the three forms of undernutrition. Conclusions Multiple set of factors predicted childhood undernutrition in Ethiopia. The study underscores the importance of intervening in the first 1000 days through promoting maternal education, maternal–child health services, mother’s nutrition and improving intrahousehold food distribution.
MicroRNA-1 downregulation induced by carvedilol protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis by targeting heat shock protein 60

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common event in cardiovascular disease. Carvedilol, a β-blocker with multiple pleiotropic actions, is widely used for the treatment cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of carvedilol on alleviating MI are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the beneficial effects of carvedilol were associated with regulation of microRNA-1 (miR-1). It was demonstrated that carvedilol ameliorated impaired cardiac function and decreased infarct size in a rat model of MI induced by coronary artery occlusion. Similarly, carvedilol reversed the H2O2-induced decrease in cardiomyocyte viability in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo and in vitro models demonstrated the downregulation of miR-1 following treatment with carvedilol. Overexpression of miR-1, a known pro-apoptotic miRNA, decreased cell viability and induced cell apoptosis. Transfection of miR-1 abolished the beneficial effects of carvedilol. The expression of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), a direct target of miR-1, was identified to be decreased in MI and H2O2-induced apoptosis, which was associated with a decrease in Bcl-2 and an increase in Bax; expression was restored following treatment with carvedilol. It was concluded that carvedilol partially exhibited its beneficial effects by downregulating miR-1 and increasing HSP60 expression. miR-1 has become a member of the group of carvedilol-responsive miRNAs. Future studies are required to fully elucidate the potential overlapping or compensatory effects of known carvedilol-responsive miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms of action in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.
Effect of Residential Greenness and Nearby Parks on Respiratory and Allergic Diseases among Middle School Adolescents in a Chinese City

Research on the health impacts of green environments has mainly been conducted in developed countries. Differences in the urban forms between China and Western countries make it essential to understand the role of greenspace in Chinese settings. From 2014 to 2015, middle school students (n = 5643) in Suzhou, China were enrolled in a study on the health effect of residential greenness. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and distance to the nearest park were calculated for each home address. Logistic regression was performed to test associations between exposure and self-reported doctor diagnoses of asthma, pneumonia, rhinitis, and eczema, adjusting for important confounders. No statistically significant associations were observed for any seasonal NDVI-based measures. However, the proximity of the participants’ residences to the closest park showed an inverse relationship to reported symptoms. The odds ratios for the furthest quartile compared to the closest quartile based on the distance to the nearest park were 0.58 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.99), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.96), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.15), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.24), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.10) for current asthma, ever asthma, ever pneumonia, ever rhinitis, and ever eczema, respectively. These findings focused on a single Chinese city and suggest that exposure to natural vegetation in urban areas may affect health through various pathways.
Mitochondrial Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Contributes to Auxin-Regulated Organ Development1[OPEN]

The mitochondrial PDC E1 component contributes to respiratory metabolism and PIN-driven polar auxin transport in Arabidopsis organ development. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the first enzyme (E1) of the PDH complex (PDC). This multienzyme complex contains E1, E2, and E3 components and controls the entry of carbon into the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle to enable cellular energy production. The E1 component of the PDC is composed of an E1α catalytic subunit and an E1β regulatory subunit. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), there are two mitochondrial E1α homologs encoded by IAA-CONJUGATE-RESISTANT 4 (IAR4) and IAR4-LIKE (IAR4L), and one mitochondrial E1β homolog. Although IAR4 was reported to be involved in auxin conjugate sensitivity and auxin homeostasis in root development, its precise role remains unknown. Here, we provide experimental evidence that mitochondrial PDC E1 contributes to polar auxin transport during organ development. We performed genetic screens for factors involved in cotyledon development and identified an uncharacterized mutant, macchi-bou 1 (mab1). MAB1 encodes a mitochondrial PDC E1β subunit that can form both a homodimer and a heterodimer with IAR4. The mab1 mutation impaired MAB1 homodimerization, reduced the abundance of IAR4 and IAR4L, weakened PDC enzymatic activity, and diminished mitochondrial respiration. A metabolomics analysis showed significant changes in metabolites including amino acids in mab1 and, in particular, identified an accumulation of Ala. These results suggest that MAB1 is a component of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial PDC E1. Furthermore, in mab1 mutants and seedlings where the TCA cycle was pharmacologically blocked, we found reduced abundance of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers, possibly due to impaired PIN recycling and enhanced PIN degradation in vacuoles. Therefore, we suggest that mab1 induces defective polar auxin transport via metabolic abnormalities.
Quantum Switching of Entangled Photons based on Rydberg Blockade Effect

The long-range Rydberg interaction endows a medium with large optical non-linearity, thus resulting in strong photon-photon interaction that are essential quantum circuits and networks. Our efforts aim at the ultimate mission of single quantum particles controlling an entire entangled system, which is a benchmark and long-term goal in quantum information science. In particular, we demonstrated coherent optical switching of entangled photons in the system of cold atomic gases under a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency configuration. With the presence of Rydberg blockade effect, the gate field makes the atoms non-transparent thereby blocking the single photon emitted from another atomic ensemble. In contrast to the trivial case without the gate field, the gate field excites \boldsymbol{N}=1\sim2 atoms per average blockade sphere, and hence more than 50% of the entangled photons are blocked, thereby achieving effective entanglement switching. This switching of the photonic entanglement depends on the principal quantum number and the photon number of the gate field. Our experimental progress hints at quantum information processing through the interaction between Rydberg atoms and entangled photon pairs.
Intense Geomagnetic Storm during Maunder Minimum Possibly by a Quiescent Filament Eruption

The Sun occasionally undergoes the so-called grand minima, in which its magnetic activity, measured by the number of sunspots, is suppressed for decades. The most prominent grand minima, since the beginning of telescopic observations of sunspots, is called the Maunder minimum (1645–1715), which occurred when the sunspots became rather scarce. The mechanism underlying the grand minima remains poorly understood as there is little observational information of the solar magnetic field at that time. In this study, we examine the records of one candidate aurora display in China and Japan during the Maunder minimum. The presence of auroras in such mid-magnetic latitudes indicates the occurrence of great geomagnetic storms that are usually produced by strong solar flares. However, the records of contemporary sunspot observations from Europe suggest that, at least for the likely aurora event, there was no large sunspot that could produce a strong flare. Through simple theoretical arguments, we show that this geomagnetic storm could have been generated by an eruption giant quiescent filament or a series of such events.
Lameness and its relationship with health and production measures in broiler chickens

The aim of this study was to explore lameness and the associations between lameness and health/production measures of animal welfare in commercial broiler production, using the Welfare Quality® protocol for broilers. A total of 50 flocks were included in the sample and farm visits were conducted for lameness scoring at a mean age of 28.9 days. The percentage of animals (n=7500) in the six different gait score (GS) categories were GS0: 2.53%, GS1: 44.19%, GS2: 33.84%, GS3: 16.32%, GS4: 2.36% and GS5: 0.53%. Production and other welfare data were collected for each flock after slaughter. Higher gait scores were associated with increased hock burn score (P<0.02), increased footpad dermatitis score (P<0.01), reduced bird cleanliness score (P<0.01) and peat litter (P<0.01). Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency for increased flock gait score being associated with wet litter (P=0.07). In addition, condemnations at postmortem inspection were associated with increasing gait scores (P<0.05), indicating that at least a portion of the lameness cases display pathological changes on the carcasses. In conclusion, 19%of the birds showed moderate-to-severe lameness, which was associated with several production or health and welfare observations including feather cleanliness and condemnations as unfit for human consumption at slaughter. Although stocking density and growth rate are already known key factors for lameness, associations of lameness with hock burns, footpad dermatitis and cleanliness of the birds suggest that a suboptimal physical environment (e.g. litter- and air quality) may be detrimental to leg health. Further studies are needed to explore these associations in more detail.
Engineering Strategies in Microorganisms for the Enhanced Production of Squalene: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities

The triterpene squalene is a natural compound that has demonstrated an extraordinary diversity of uses in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and personal care industries. Emboldened by this range of uses, novel applications that can gain profit from the benefits of squalene as an additive or supplement are expanding, resulting in its increasing demand. Ever since its discovery, the primary source has been the deep-sea shark liver, although recent declines in their populations and justified animal conservation and protection regulations have encouraged researchers to identify a novel route for squalene biosynthesis. This renewed scientific interest has profited from immense developments in synthetic biology, which now allows fine-tuning of a wider range of plants, fungi, and microorganisms for improved squalene production. There are numerous naturally squalene producing species and strains; although they generally do not make commercially viable yields as primary shark liver sources can deliver. The recent advances made toward improving squalene output from natural and engineered species have inspired this review. Accordingly, it will cover in-depth knowledge offered by the studies of the natural sources, and various engineering-based strategies that have been used to drive the improvements in the pathways toward large-scale production. The wide uses of squalene are also discussed, including the notable developments in anti-cancer applications and in augmenting influenza vaccines for greater efficacy.
Estimating global trends in total and childhood antibiotic consumption, 2011-2015

Introduction Understanding patterns of antibiotic consumption is essential to ensure access to appropriate antibiotics when needed and to minimise overuse, which can lead to antibiotic resistance. We aimed to describe changes in global antibiotic consumption between 2011 and 2015. Methods We analysed wholesale data on total antibiotic sales and antibiotics sold as child-appropriate formulations (CAFs), stratified by country income level (low/middle-income and high-income countries (LMICs and HICs﻿)). The volume of antibiotics sold per year was recorded for 36 LMICs and 39 HICs, measured in standard units (SU: 1 SU is equivalent to a single tablet, capsule or 5 mL ampoule/vial/oral suspension) and SU per person, overall and as CAFs. Changes over time were quantified as percentage changes and compound annual growth rates in consumption per person. Analyses were conducted separately for total sales, sales of antibiotics in the Access and Watch groups of the WHO’s Essential Medicines List for children 2017, for amoxicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Results Antibiotic consumption increased slightly between 2011 and 2015, from 6.85×1010 SU to 7.44×1010 SU overall and from 1.66×1010 SU to 1.78×1010 SU for CAFs. However, trends differed between countries and for specific antibiotics; for example, consumption of amoxicillin as CAFs changed little in LMICs and HICs, but that of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid increased by 6.8% per year in LMICs and decreased by 1.0% per year in HICs. Conclusions As measured in standard units in sales data, the rate of increase in global antibiotic consumption may be slowing. However, the trends appear to differ between countries and drugs. In the absence of routine surveillance of antibiotic use in many countries, these data provide important indicators of trends in consumption which should be confirmed in national and local studies of prescribing.