Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seguridad y eficacia de la deglución evaluada por el método de evaluación clínica volumen-viscosidad (MECV-V) y su asociación con el estado nutricional en menores con labio y/o paladar hendido

Introducción: El labio y/o paladar hendido (LPH) es la malformación orofacial más frecuente; entre sus complicaciones están los trastornos de deglución. Objetivo: Describir mediante el método de evaluación clínica volumen viscosidad (MECV-V) los hallazgos encontrados en la deglución en menores con LPH y su relación con su estado nutricional. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Pacientes del Servicio de Foniatría Pediátrica del Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez” entre 2 y 17 años de edad con LPH corregido quirúrgicamente. Se realizó historia clínica foniátrica, antropometría, el cuestionario “Evaluación subjetiva global nutricional en niños” (SGNA), el MECV-V y se solicitó biometría hemática. Resultados: Se incluyeron 40 pacientes. 40% (16) fueron femeninos y 60% (24) masculinos, entre 2 y 16 años de edad con una media de 7 años 2 meses ± 3.28. Se encontró paladar hendido submucoso (PHS) en 12 pacientes (30%), LPH derecho en 11 (27.5%), LPH izquierdo en 8 (20%). Antropometría: peso para la edad en < 10 años (32), normal en 29 (90.6%) y 3 (9.4%) presentaron peso bajo. Talla para la edad normal en 33 (82.5%) y 7 (17.5%) con talla baja. El IMC normal para la edad, excepto en un paciente (2.5%) < 2 DE. Biometría hemática de 35 pacientes normal y un paciente (2.8%) con anemia. Cuestionario SGNA 100% normal. MECV-V: eficacia de la deglución fase oral, residuo oral 34 (85%), deficiencia en el cierre labial 17 (42.5%) y deglución fraccionada 11 (27.5%). Seguridad: desaturación de O 2 en 4 (10%). Se identificó una relación moderada entre la edad promedio con la hemoglobina sérica (rs = 0.47; p = 0.002; Spearman) y leve con el índice de masa corporal (rs = 0.29; p = 0.031; Spearman); el coeficiente de correlación Eta (η) mostró que la presencia de una adecuada seguridad (deglución segura) explicaba 84.8% de la variación de los niveles de hemoglobina, 80.8% de la variación del peso, 80.4% de la variación de la talla y 78.1% de los cambios en el IMC. La eficacia (oral y faríngea) exponía en porcentajes bajos la variación de la hemoglobina (14.9%), del peso (9.3%), la talla (12.2%) y el IMC (11.8%). Conclusiones: Existen alteraciones en la deglución que son subdiagnosticadas. No se encontraron alteraciones nutricionales. El método MECV-V es un método de tamizaje útil y sencillo para evaluar la deglución.
Modeling Variability in Software Process with EPF Composer and SMartySPEM: An Empirical Qualitative Study

Nowadays, organizations are increasingly seeking to customize their software processes according to the market needs and projects experiences. Therefore, a systematic way to achieve such an objective is the Software Process Line (SPrL) technique, in which each member is a customized software process derived from a set of similarities and variabilities of process elements. Compositional and annotative approaches are most referenced for variability management. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to present a comparison between compositional and annotative approaches targeting variability representation capabilities from the point of view of practitioners and academic experts. The Eclipse Process Framework by means of the EPF Composer tool represents compositional approach, whereas SMartySPEM represents the annotative approach. The obtained results provided initial evidence that the annotative approach (SMartySPEM) takes advantage over the compositional approach (EPF).
Chordoma of the Sacrum and Vertebral Bodies

&NA; Chordomas are relatively rare tumors of bone. These primary malignant lesions occur throughout the spinal column and often show advanced growth at the time of diagnosis. Because such tumors are minimally responsive to radiation and chemotherapy, surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. Patient survival and local control are associated with the ability to achieve wide surgical margins during excision. However, surgical morbidity may be substantial given the propensity for chordomas to abut or surround neural, vascular, and visceral structures. Thus, early recognition is essential, and treatment by a multidisciplinary team is ideal.
An Observational Study of Thrombolysis Outcomes in Wake-Up Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose— Wake-up ischemic stroke (WUIS) patients are not eligible for thrombolysis; the a priori hypothesis was that thrombolysis of selected WUIS patients who meet clinical and imaging criteria for treatment is associated with better outcomes. Methods— The sample consisted of consecutive WUIS patients who fulfilled predefined criteria: (1) were last seen normal >4.5 hours and <12 hours before presentation; (2) National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≥5; (3) No or early ischemic changes <1/3 middle cerebral artery territory on computed tomography imaging; (4) No absolute contraindications to thrombolysis. The primary outcome measure was the modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 2 at 90 days. Other outcome measures were mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Results— WUIS patients constituted 10.5% (193/1836) of all stroke admissions. Inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 122 (63%) patients, of whom 68 (56%) were thrombolysed. Thrombolysed and nonthrombolysed patients were comparable for baseline characteristics, but the median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was higher in thrombolysed patients (9 versus 11.5; P=0.034). There was no difference in modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 (25 [37%] versus 14 [26%]; P=0.346), death (10 [15%] versus 14 [26%]; P=0.122), and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (2 versus 0; P=0.204) between thrombolysed and nonthrombolysed patients. After adjusting for age, sex, and baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score thrombolysis was associated with odds ratio of 5.2 (95% confidence interval 1.3–20.3), P=0.017 for modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 at 90 days and odds ratio of 0.09 (95% confidence interval 0.02–0.44), P=0.003 for death. Conclusions— Thrombolysis in selected WUIS patients is feasible and may have potential of benefit.
Effect of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use on Sedative Requirements in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

To compare sedative dose requirements during the 6‐hour period when they are greatest in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as the time from severe ARDS onset to reach this maximum sedation exposure, between patients with severe ARDS who were managed either with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Also, to explore factors other than ECMO use that may influence sedation requirements during this period of maximum sedation.
On the rigidity theorems of Witten

In this paper we prove the rigidity theorems predicted by Witten in 1986, about the index of certain elliptic operators on manifolds with an S1 action [W]. Witten's insight was the culmination of an interesting interchange of ideas between him and Hopkins, Landweber, Ochanine, and Stong. For the detailed history, we refer the reader to [La]. The present account is essentially a reinterpretation of the second author's (Taubes' [T]) original proof of the theorem. The senior author's contribution was solely to notice that the rather densely written arguments of the original manuscript could be formulated in terms of the well known fixed point formulae of equivariant index theory and equivariant cohomology. In this context, the final proof then appears in direct lineage of the Atiyah-Hirzebruch theorem concerning the vanishing of the A genus of spin manifolds admitting a circle action [A-H] and of the even older idea of Lusztig concerning circle actions in the complex case. There remains, however, the beautiful, physics inspired novelty of connecting these techniques with elliptic function theory.
What is the Function of Thought Experiments: Kuhn vs. Brown

In The Laboratory of the Mind, James Brown considers some of the Kuhn's thesis in "A Function for Thought Experiment". I will question one of Brown conclusions, namely his interpretation according to which Kuhn maintains that from thought experiments we learn about our conceptual scheme and only derivatively about the world. I am inclined to think that this particular interpretation does not accurately represent Kuhn's wording. Accordingly, I will outline some of the issues concerning the relation between learning about the concepts' and 'learning about the world', which is, as Brown states, the field of disagreement between him and Kuhn. And finally, I will consider whether Kuhn 's 'incommensurability thesis'is in contradiction, with 'thoughtexperiment thesis', as Brown seems to imply.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for residues of lipophilic pesticides in poultry

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling has been used to examine the relative importance of physiological differences between laying hens and broiler chickens as well as between broiler chickens and ducks, geese, and turkeys in determining tissue residues. Following exposure in feed, there may be significant differences in tissue residues between laying hens and broiler chickens. The blood lipid content of laying versus broilers, the duration of exposure, and the fraction of the dose absorbed into the systemic circulation were important parameters together with tissue-to-blood partition coefficients. The potential for modelling to improve the extrapolation of residue transfer studies carried out using laying hens to broiler chickens and other poultry is demonstrated.
Growth of an insect Trypanosomatid at 37 C in a defined medium.

SYNOPSIS. A defined medium for an insect trypanosomatid, “Leptomonas pessoai” (probably a member of the genus Herpetomonas) isolated from the reduviid Zelus leucogrammus, allows growth up to 37 C. No marked differences were evident for growth at 37 C. The requirements for amino acids, vitamins, purine, and hemin, and pH range were like those established for Crithidia fasciculata. Again like C. fasciculata, it remains alive at 4 C for at least 3 months in a clycerolated defined medium.
Fourier transform infrared studies of proteins using nonaqueous solvents. Effects of methanol and ethylene glycol on albumin and immunoglobulin G.

An infrared/attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique has been utilized to study the structural changes in proteins induced by nonaqueous solvents, without the need of dissolving the protein in the nonaqueous solvent. For the two proteins studied, methanol and ethylene glycol caused similar changes in albumin, i.e., an increase in helix secondary structure. However, the two solvents had dissimilar effects on immunoglobulin G (IgG). Changes in the pH of aqueous solutions of IgG produced a third effect. By dissolving some IgG in ethylene glycol and then adsorbing IgG from this solution onto an ATR crystal, the time behavior of the adsorption process could be studied and a mechanism for the structural changes proposed.
Structure and content of formal operational thought : An interpretation in context

Une critique largement repandue de la theorie des operations formelles porte sur l'utilisation de la logique des propositions pour modeliser les nouvelles competences de l'adolescent qui resout des problemes scientifiques. Une telle critique part de l'assomption qu'Inhelder et Piaget utilisent la logique d'une maniere standard, exclusivement basee sur le calcul des valeurs de verite. L'auteur montre que cette interpretation est incorrecte, et propose une interpretation non-standard. Aussi bien le contexte general de la theorie operatoire de Piaget que l'approche experimentale adoptee par Barbel Inhelder pour etudier l'emergence de la pensee formelle parlent en faveur d'une interpretation non standard.
Incision Placement for Intramedullary Tibial Nailing: An Anatomic Study

Objectives For intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures, a recent study has determined that the entry site should be just medial to the lateral tibial spine at the anterior margin of the articular surface. Gaining access to this site is often through a medial parapatellar or transpatellar approach. Several studies have indicated that a transpatellar approach may contribute to anterior knee pain. Our study sought to use anatomic measurement to determine the ideal incision site for insertion of an intramedullary tibial nail. Design Part I: survey of Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) members. Part II: anatomic study. Setting A Level I trauma center in Sacramento, California. Participants Part I: OTA members. Part II: a group of 56 healthy volunteers. Intervention Part I: questionnaire sent to OTA members. Part II: clinical examination and radiographic analysis. Main Outcome Measurements Part I: responses to questionnaire. Part II: anatomic measurements. Results Part I: based on a questionnaire, OTA members use at least one or more approaches to access their preferred tibial nail entry site. Fifty-seven percent use only one type of approach in all cases. Part II: the authors performed a clinical and radiographic study in 56 volunteers (112 knees) to determine the relationship of the lateral tibial spine to the patellar tendon. On the basis of this information, the tendon was divided into thirds to account for the three most common surgical approaches. The entry site was in the lateral zone in 29 knees, the middle zone in 75 knees, and the medial zone in 8 knees. If divided equally into purely a medial or lateral zone to avoid a transpatellar approach, the starting point fell into the medial zone in 42 knees and the lateral zone in 70 knees. Conclusions Individual variations in patellar tendon anatomy should be considered when choosing the proper entry site for tibial nailing. Based on the assumption that the ideal entry point for tibial nailing is just medial to the tibial spine at the anterior margin of the articular surface, a preoperative fluoroscopic measurement before incision can guide the surgeon as to whether a medial parapatellar, transpatellar, or lateral parapatellar approach provides the most direct access to this entry site. The routine use of a single approach for all tibial nails may no longer be justified.
Performance analysis of high dynamic range image watermarking based on quantization index modulation

High dynamic range images represent the radiance of scenes captured by a device or generated by an artificial rendering system. Special types of preprocessing, collectively known as tone-mapping (TM) operators, are needed to adapt HDR images to currently existing displays. Tone-mapped images, although of reduced dynamic range, have high quality and hence are possible targets for misappropriation or misuse by malevolent entities. The watermarking technique that is at the core of the proposed image watermarking is based on the quantization index modulation paradigm and is designed to embed a blindly detectable, one bit watermark in HDR images. The requirements imposed on the watermark encompass imperceptibility, a certain degree of security, and robustness to TM operators. Performance analysis of the proposed system and existing system are done based on noise characteristics, receiver operating characteristics and information embedding capacity.
100 years since the 1918 influenza pandemic

This year marks 100 years since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Historians think that this pandemic started in Kansas in early 1918. By winter 1919, the virus had infected one-third of the global population and killed at least 50 million people (»5% of the world’s population). Three more influenza pandemics have struck since, in 1957, 1968 and 2009, spreading widely but not with as deadly an impact. Many studies on influenza have been performed in recent decades, and thus we have decided to publish a centenary issue in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. The issue contains 16 Review articles, 14 Research papers, 4 Commentaries and 2 Short Reports on different aspects of influenza virology, vaccines, vaccination strategy, and therapy. Many world-class experts have contributed to present the main findings on the vaccine and this infectious disease, for which a universal vaccine is still elusive.
Control of Drainage and Skin Integrity in Enterocutaneous Fistula – An Update for Clinicians -

Background: A fistula is an abnormal tract between two or more epithelialized structures or spaces. When it involves the gastrointestinal tract and the skin, it is then classically called an enterocutaneous fistula. Methods: Publications from local and international journals were reviewed. Results: Management challenges focus on fluid resuscitation, nutritional supplementation, electrolyte replenishment, control of sepsis, particularly containment of effluent, and skin integrity. Conclusion: A review of the various methods of control of drainage and maintenance of skin integrity in ECF will be presented, augmented by a three-phase approach to management.
Relative importance of pacing strategy and mean power output in 1500-m self-paced cycling

Introduction Both mean power output (MPO) and the distribution of the available energy over the race, that is, pacing strategy, are critical factors in performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of both pacing strategy and MPO to performance. Methods Six well-trained, regionally competitive cyclists performed four 1500-m ergometer time trials (∼2 min). For each subject, the fastest (Fast) and slowest (Slow) time trials were compared and the relative importance of differences in power output and pacing strategy were determined with an energy flow model. Results The difference in final time between Fast and Slow was 4.0 (2.5) s. Fast was performed with a higher MPO (437.8 (32.3) W vs 411.3 (39.0) W), a higher aerobic peak power (295.3 (36.8) vs 287.5 (34.7) W) and a higher anaerobic peak power (828.8 (145.4) W vs 649.5 (112.2) W) combined with a relatively higher, but not statistically different anaerobic rate constant (0.051 (0.016) vs 0.041 (0.009) W). The changes in MPO (63% anaerobic, 37% aerobic) largely explained the differences in final times. Athletes chose a different pacing strategy that was close to optimal for their physiological condition in both Fast and Slow. Conclusion Differences in intraindividual performance were mainly caused by differences in MPO. Athletes seemed to be able to effectively adjust their pacing profile based on their “status of the day”. Keywords modelling performance, energy expenditure, aerobic, anaerobic, sports.
AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DO POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE DA PITANGA ROXA (EUGENIA UNIFLORA L.) EM CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

O envelhecimento esta interligado com doencas cronicas causadas por lesoes celulares oriundas do dano oxidativo. O uso de antioxidantes naturais, encontrados em frutas, tem se mostrado uma otima opcao para minimizar a acao dos radicais livres, cuja acao esta relacionada aos teores de compostos fenolicos. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o potencial da Pitanga roxa (Eugenia unifora L.), fruta comestivel da familia Myrtaceae, rica em compostos fenolicos e o efeito sobre o organismo Caenorhabditis elegans. O extrato da fruta foi preparado por extracao dos compostos fenolicos com solucao etanolica (95oGL), e foram feitas concentracoes. A determinacao de compostos fenolicos foi realizada pelo metodo Folin-Ciocalteau,. No ensaio de sobrevivencia constatou-se que o extrato promoveu aumento significativo de vermes vivos. No ensaio de reproducao o extrato de pitanga nao causou alteracao. No ensaio de longevidade, teve uma tendencia ao aumento do tempo de vida util. Esses dados preliminares demonstram que o extrato da pitanga nao apresentou toxicidade nas concentracoes testadas.
Follicular B helper T cell activity is confined to CXCR5hiICOShi CD4 T cells and is independent of CD57 expression

The generation of high‐affinity antibody‐secreting plasma cells critically depends on the presence of CD4 T cells during the germinal center (GC) reaction. GC T cells are so far incompletely characterized in terms of phenotype and function. Here, we show that human follicular B helper T (TFH) cells are characterized by high expression of the homeostatic chemokine receptor CXCR5 and the costimulatory molecule ICOS, but not CD57 expression. CXCR5hiICOShi CD4 T cells are the most potent inducers of IgG production that also secrete large amounts of the B cell‐attracting chemokine CXCL13. CXCR5hiICOShi CD4 T cells differ from other tonsillar CD4 T cell subsets in their stimulatory activity, proliferative capacity and susceptibility to apoptosis. Large‐scale gene expression analysis revealed that TFH cells are only distantly related to CXCR5– and CXCR5+ central memory T (TCM) as well as effector memory T (TEM) cells present in the periphery. CXCR5hiICOShi CD4 T cells appear to be terminally differentiated T helper cells that express a unique set of transcription factors related to the Notch signaling pathway and thus differentiate independent of other T helper cell populations.
Co-Viewing Room: Mobile TV Content Sharing in Social Chat

TV watching is a common leisure activity, and people often use the opportunity of TV watching to socialize with other co-watchers. However, when potential TV co-watchers like friends or family members are distributed in different locations, the social function of TV watching is disrupted. In this paper, we present a mobile TV content sharing system called Co-Viewing Room, which enables distributed users to share three types of TV content, including it whole video sharing, video clips sharing and it snapshots sharing during an online chat. We evaluated the system by comparing the influence of the three types of content sharing on users' experience and social interactions. Our results showed that people were satisfied with remote TV sharing support, and tended to be more responsive to lightweight shared content like snapshots and video clips. Also, people regarded snapshots sharing as a useful support for efficient social chat.
Importância da Contaminação de Alimentos por Aflatoxinas para a Incidência de Câncer Hepático

As aflatoxinas sao um grupo de compostos toxicos produzidos pelos fungos Aspergillus flavus e A. parasiticus , os quais ingeridos atraves de produtos alimenticios podem levar ao desenvolvimento de câncer em humanos. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou relacionar a incidencia de neoplasias a ingestao de alimentos contaminados pela referida toxina, a partir de uma revisao de literatura. Existem mais de 20 tipos de aflatoxinas e derivados isolados, os principais sao B1, B2, G1, G2, M1. Dentre eles, a aflatoxina B1 possui um maior poder toxigenico, considerada um pro-carcinogeno sua forma ativada e capaz de se ligar ao DNA e causar alteracoes no gene supressor de tumor p53, com consequente perda do controle do crescimento de hepatocitos. Pesquisas do Departamento de Saude de Pittsburgh relatam o papel causal da substância toxica em 4,6% a 28,2 % de todos os casos de carcinoma hepatico globais. Devido a dificuldade de descontaminacao do alimento, existe uma necessidade de monitoramento frequente da presenca de aflatoxinas em produtos alimenticios e incentivo a educacao nutricional da populacao, sobretudo nos paises emergentes.