Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which Factors Influence the Economic Growth of the Country? Evidence with Reference to Pakistan

Economic growth of the country is influenced by different factors. These factors vary from country to country. Some of the factors which fluctuate the economic growth of the country are common in all the countries either these are developed countries or underdeveloped countries as well. Different researches have already been conducted by different researchers in different countries and they used different variables which have impact on economic growth of the country as well. This study used five independent variables named as Inflation Rate, FDI, Literacy Rate, exchange rate and interest which become the reason of bringing change in economic growth of the country. Gross Domestic Product has been used as proxy for economic growth of the country as dependent variable in this study. This study mostly results match with previous studies as well. This study used for tests for results such as collinearity for reliability, correlation, regression and descriptive statistics as well to check the relationship between these dependent variable and independent variables. This study found that three variables named as inflation rate, FDI and interest rate has significant positive relationship with GDP except one inflation rate which has significant negative relationship with GDP. While other two variables named as exchange rate and literacy rate has insignificant positive relationship with GDP as well. Key w ords: GDP, FDI, Pakistan, Collinearity, Regression, Correlation, Pakistan
Is there an Association between the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic Vaccination and the Manifestation of Narcolepsy

After the mass-vaccination campaign during the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, a significant increase in narcolepsy incidence was observed initially in Scandinavia, later in other European countries and recently also in Canada. Narcolepsy is a sleep disease caused by the loss of hypocretin-producing cells in the hypothalamus. Almost all narcolepsy patients carry the HLA-DQB1*0602 allele, giving a link to an autoimmune-mediated process. Most of the observed narcolepsy cases were correlated to the vaccination with Pandemrix, the most frequently used vaccine in the EU, and a slight connection to Arepanrix was also detected, which was distributed in Canada. Both vaccines were adjuvanted with AS03, suggesting a possible link between AS03 and narcolepsy. No narcolepsy cases were detected with MF59-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted influenza vaccines. Recent studies reported differences between Pandemrix and Arepanrix and suggested the vaccine rather than the adjuvant as a suspect for narcolepsy development following vaccination. In addition, in China an increase of narcolepsy cases was reported to occur in absence of vaccination. Possible factors and potential additive effects that may have triggered narcolepsy after the pandemic vaccination are being reviewed in this paper.
Applying Privacy by Design in Software Engineering - An European Perspective

— Privacy by Design (PbD) is an approach to protect privacy by embedding it into the design specifications of technologies, business practices, and physical infrastructures. However, despite its many advantages, many organizations struggle with incorporating these practices in their existing software engineering processes. This paper evaluates the current state-of-the-art related to PbD in software engineering and analyzes the impact of the proposed European data protection legislation on this process. We propose four key viewpoints of PbD and discuss how these can be applied in a software engineering process. We then translate these viewpoints into a self-assessment method that can be used to evaluate to what degree an organization has managed to adopt the PbD mindset in their software engineering projects.
Interactive effects of timing, intensity and duration of experimental shading on Amphibolis griffithii

The responses of the seagrass Amphibolis griffithii to different experimental shading conditions were examined by characterising biomass, morphological and physiological features. In an in situ experiment, the intensity (ambient, moderate shading (13 to 19% of ambient) and high shading (5 to 11% of ambient)), duration (3, 6, 9 mo) and timing (post-summer, post-winter) of light reductions were manipulated. We observed interactive effects of all 3 factors, the most notable being with timing. When moderate shading was imposed at the end of summer there was a 57% loss of leaf biomass and 67% loss of rhizome carbohydrates within 3 mo. The same shading imposed at the end of winter caused no loss of leaf biomass and only a 25% decline in rhizome carbohydrates. This con- trasting effect of time reflects the plant's photo-physiological characteristics under the water temper- ature and light conditions. More prolonged or higher intensity shading produced more consistent responses at both times of year: moderate shading resulted in more than 93% loss of leaf biomass after 9 mo and high intensity shading resulted in more than 99% loss after 9 mo. The results highlight the importance of time of year when attempting to predict seagrass responses to shading. The study identified 14 potential early indicators of light reduction; these included leaf δ 15 N, which may reflect changes in the allocation of nitrogen in the photosynthetic apparatus. There is no evidence that A. griffithii is more susceptible to shading than larger seagrasses such as Posidonia spp.
Treeline advance - driving processes and adverse factors

The general trend of climatically-driven treeline advance is modified by regional, local and temporal variations. Treelines will not advance in a closed front parallel to the shift of any isotherm to higher elevations and more northern latitudes. The effects of varying topography on site conditions and the after-effects of historical disturbances by natural and anthropogenic factors may override the effects of slightly higher average temperatures. Moreover, the varying treeline-forming species respond in different ways to a changing climate. Forest advance upwards and northwards primarily depends on successful regeneration and survival of young growth rather than on increasing growth rates of mature trees. Every assessment of treeline response to future climate change must consider the effects of local site conditions and feedbacks of increasing tree population in modulating the climatically-driven change. Treeline-shift will influence regional and local climates, pedogenesis, plant communities, animal populations and biodiversity as well as having a considerable effect on economic changes in primary production. A better understanding of the functional relationships between the many treeline-relevant factors and treeline dynamics can be achieved only by extensive research at different scales within different climatic regions supported by as many as possible experimental studies in the field together with laboratory and remote sensing techniques.
An in-depth spectroscopic analysis of RR Lyr Variations over the pulsation cycle

The stellar parameters of RR Lyrae stars vary considerably over a pulsation cycle, and their determination is crucial for stellar modelling. We present a detailed spectroscopic analysis of the pulsating star RR Lyr, the prototype of its class, over a complete pulsation cycle, based on high-resolution spectra collected at the 2.7-m telescope of McDonald Observatory. We used simultaneous photometry to determine the accurate pulsation phase of each spectrum and determined the effective temperature, the shape of the depth-dependent microturbulent velocity, and the abundance of several elements, for each phase. The surface gravity was fixed to 2.4. Element abundances resulting from our analysis are stable over the pulsation cycle. However, a variation in ionization equilibrium is observed around minimum radius. We attribute this mostly to a dynamical acceleration contributing to the surface gravity. Variable turbulent convection on time-scales longer than the pulsation cycle has been proposed as a cause for the Blazhko effect. We test this hypothesis to some extent by using the derived variable depth-dependent microturbulent velocity profiles to estimate their effect on the stellar magnitude. These effects turn out to be wavelength dependent and much smaller than the observed light variations over the Blazhko cycle: if variations in the turbulent motions are entirely responsible for the Blazhko effect, they must surpass the scales covered by the microturbulent velocity. This work demonstrates the possibility of a self-consistent spectroscopic analysis over an entire pulsation cycle using static atmosphere models, provided one takes into account certain features of a rapidly pulsating atmosphere.
Changes in electromyographic parameters during cycling exercise at constant intensity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in surface electromyography (sEMG) parameters during 30-minute cycling exercise (250 W) at constant intensity in laboratory conditions. Ten male cyclists with the mean (±SE) age of 23.8±3.7 years participated. The sEMG power spectrum median frequency (MF) of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and erector spinae muscles, heart rate and the subjective rate of fatigue by Borg scale were measured in the beginning, during and at the end of exercise. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force of the knee extensor muscles was assessed before and after the end of exercise. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in sEMG power spectrum MF for erector spinae muscle at the end of exercise compared to the initial level was found, whereas the knee extensor and flexor muscles revealed no significant changes in this parameter. The subjective rate of fatigue increased moderately during the cycling exercise (p < 0.05). The heart rate was stable during the exercise, remaining predominantly in the aerobic zone. After the exercise, MVC force was significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to the pre-exercise level. We concluded that based on sEMG power spectrum MF, 30-minute cycling exercise at constant intensity caused a marked fatigue of erector spinae muscle with no significant fatigue-induced changes in knee extensor and flexor muscles. A marked decrease of voluntary force capacity of knee extensor muscles was found after exercise. A moderate subjectively assessed fatigue was established at the end of exercise.
Relating climate change signals and physiographic catchment properties to clustered hydrological response types

We propose an approach to reduce a comprehensive set of 186 mesoscale catchments in Switzerland to fewer response types to climate change and to name sensitive regions as well as catchment characteristics that govern hydrological change. We classified the hydrological responses of our study catchments through an agglomerative-hierarchical cluster analysis, and we related the dominant explanatory variables, i.e. the determining catchment properties and climate change signals, to the catchments' hydrological responses by means of redundancy analysis. All clusters except for one exhibit clearly decreasing summer runoff and increasing winter runoff. This seasonal shift was observed for the near future period (2025–2046) but is particularly obvious in the far future period (2074–2095). Within a certain elevation range (between 1000 and 2500 m a.s.l.), the hydrological change is basically a function of elevation, because the latter governs the dominant hydro-climatological processes associated with temperature, e.g. the ratio of liquid to solid precipitation and snow melt processes. For catchments below the stated range, hydrological change is mainly a function of precipitation change, which is not as pronounced as the temperature signal is. Future impact studies in Switzerland can be conducted on a reduced sample of catchments representing the sensitive regions or covering a range of altitudes.
The Impact of Remittances on Food Security Status in the Global South

International remittances to developing countries attract increasing attention because of their rise in volume and their impact on the recipient countries. Receiving remittances from outside the country has become a household coping strategy that might reduce poverty, alleviate hunger, promote better diets and increase productive investments. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the link between receiving remittances and the food security status in the Global South countries. This is the first study that examines the association between food security and receiving remittances by using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) for individuals in the Global South. Data were obtained from the 2017 Gallup World Poll (GWP), which interviewed face-to-face 68,463 individuals in more than 60 countries. We have found a significant association between receiving remittances and food security. In the unadjusted logistics regression, irrespective of geography, severe food insecurity was significantly related to not receiving remittances (OR=1.532; P= 0.000). Although receiving remittances seems to positively affect the food security status of individuals in the GS, the association might not apply to all countries in the analyzed sample.
A Dynamic Analysis of College Students' Strategies in Establishing Identities from the Perspective of Speech Accommodation

Based on sociolinguistic Speech Accommodation Theory, this study will take college students as research samples to explore systematically how the interlocutors accommodate to their social identities by adopting various strategies in social communication. Two perspectives will be explored respectively, namely, speech convergence and speech divergence. Two questions will be analyzed systematically: (1) What strategies the college students will adopt in specific contexts to establish their identities? (2) What are the factors that may affect their dynamic selection of the strategies in accordance with their identities in social interaction? It is expected to provide a new angle for dynamic discourse analyses in Chinese contexts.
Creating the customer‐responsive supply chain: a reconciliation of concepts

Purpose – While the concept of supply chain responsiveness (SCR) has received considerable attention in the operations management literature, mostly under the auspices of concepts such as build‐to‐order, mass customisation, lean and agility, so far there is a lack of comprehensive definition of SCR, as well as a defined relationship between “responsiveness” and “flexibility”. Also, the frameworks at hand tend to consider only a subset of factors previously identified in the literature, and thus do not comprehensively portray the cause‐and‐effect relationships involved. This paper aims to address these gaps.Design/methodology/approach – The paper synthesises the existing contributions to manufacturing and supply chain flexibility and responsiveness, and draws on various related bodies of literature that affect a supply chain's responsiveness such as the discussion of product architecture and modularisation.Findings – Four types of responsiveness are identified: product, volume, mix, and delivery, all of wh.
DESIGN AND COMPARISON OF FIVE TOPOLOGIES ROTOR PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR FOR HIGH-SPEED SPINDLE APPLICATIONS

The permanent magnet rotor structures had a marked influence on the torque, efficiency, and power density of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This paper presents the design and comparison of five different rotor topologies of PMSM. The rotor topologies including surface magnet, decentered magnet, broad-loaf magnet, buried (spoke) magnet, and interior permanent magnet. The optimal design was established using the Taguchi method and finite element analysis (FEA). The purpose of the study was to create a design solution for PMSM rotor with high output power, torque, and efficiency for high-speed spindle applications. The performance characteristics which including magnetic thickness and mass, magnetic flux density, cogging torque, torque and efficiency were compared and analyzed through a two-dimensional (2D) transient FEA, and the feasibility of the rotor designs is validated. The results show that the decentered permanent magnet motor generates the highest magnetic flux density, thus yielding the highest output power, torque, and efficiency.
Compact Novel Design of Slit Loaded Microstrip Antenna for WLAN and Wi-MAX Applications

In this paper a compact novel design of slit loaded rectangular microstrip antenna (SRMSA) is presented. This antenna resonates from 2.28 GHz to 9.16 GHz of frequencies and exhibits multiband operation. A centre fed 50Ω microstripline feed arrangement is used to excite antenna. The antenna shows the virtual size reduction of 28.75% with linearly polarized broader radiation characteristics. The design details of the proposed antenna are given. This antenna may be useful for WLAN and Wi-MAX applications.
The Relationship Between Sexual Functioning and Sleep Quality in A Female Undergraduate Student Sample

A relative lack of literature exists regarding the relationship between sexual functioning and sleep quality in women. The current study assessed these constructs in a sample of 260 undergraduate female students via online administration of relevant measures for sleep quality, sexual functioning, stress, and medical conditions and prescription medications. The relationship between sleep quality and sexual functioning was positive but not significant, even when controlling for relevant variables such as stress. As such, future research might seek to clarify this relationship and to identify variables that mediate or moderate this relationship.
A ROAD MAP FOR CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN EAST ASIA

Much has transpired since the inadequacies of corporate governance practices in East Asia were glaringly exposed by the Asian financial crisis. The crisis brought to the foreground numerous deficiencies, which had common roots in excessive over-leverage as well as the lack of transparency, disclosure and accountability. These issues have been explicitly recognized with the release of the White Paper on Corporate Governance in Asia by the Asian Roundtable on Corporate Governance in June 2003. By responding in part to the White Paper, this article sets out a roadmap which ultimate objective is the enhancement of the practice of corporate governance in three jurisdictions namely Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. These countries are selected as proxies for the region with the choice premised upon their common legal framework which emphasizes the rule of law, the liquidity of their capital markets and the high mobility of capital without the imposition of any controls. By setting up a roadmap couched in broad principles as regards the roles and duties of directors, shareholders and regulators, this paper seeks to provide some ideas that have the distinct advantage of adaptability across jurisdictions thereby transcending the cultural divide of the East Asian region.
EFFECTS OF DC-BIAS CONDITIONS ON LOW-LOSS THIN FILM MICROSTRIP LINE

This paper presents the microwave characteristics of thin film microstrip line (TFML) under dc-bias conditions. The proposed TFML with 20μm thick polyimide layer is used as a thin dielectric supporter on low-resistivity silicon (LRS) substrate. Measured frequency-dependent microwave characteristics and equivalent lumped elements are evaluated for the dc-biased TFML over 1–50 GHz. This work presents acceptable attenuation of 0.561, 0.563 and 0.565 dB/mm at 50 GHz with dc-bias conditions, showing that the TFML can be used for high frequency interconnects for any 3D-based microwave devices and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs).
12. Individual Differences

In an increasingly complex world where people routinely handle large amounts of information, individuals are constantly challenged to manage and effectively use the information that they are responsible for. While email is the canonical example of an information overloading application, other well known PIM applications and tasks cited in earlier chapters of this book include maintaining addresses and contacts, scheduling, and organizing the various documents and bookmarks that one is interested in. Not surprisingly, there are individual differences (ID) in how, and how well, people cope with the challenge of personal information management. This greatly complicates any scientific analysis of PIM behavior. Thus, in addition to the evaluation methods discussed in the previous chapter, researchers and designers need to consider when and how individual differences should be included within parsimonious interpretations and explanations of PIM behavior. In this chapter we propose an approach where differences between individuals are considered last, after the influences of the environment and the task context have first been considered, and after group difference (e.g., between job classifications) have been investigated. We believe that this is a logical way to proceed, since like observing an ant walking over sand-dunes (cf. Simon, 1996) we should not ascribe complexities to an individual if they can instead be explained as due to properties of the environment. The goal of this chapter will be to review and synthesize some of the key findings in how PIM behavior differs between individuals. Some of the reasons why these differences occur and what can be done about them will also be discussed.
Learning to Be Reliable: Confucius’ Analects

Reciting the Odes can arouse your sensibilities, strengthen your powers of observation, enhance your ability to get on with others, and sharpen your critical skills. Close at hand it enables you to serve your father, and away at court it enables you to serve your lord. It instils in you a broad vocabulary for distinguishing birds, animals and plants.
An Anycast Service for Hybrid Sensor/Actuator Networks

This paper investigates an anycast communication service for a hybrid sensor/actuator network, consisting of both resource-rich and resource-impoverished devices. The key idea is to exploit the capabilities of resource-rich devices (called micro-servers) to reduce the communication burden on smaller, energy, bandwidth and memory constrained sensor nodes. The goal is to deliver sensor data to the nearest micro-server, which can (i) store it (ii) forward it to other micro-servers using out-of-band communication or (iii) perform the desired actuation. We motivate, propose, evaluate and analyse a reverse tree-based anycast mechanism tailored to deal with the unique event dynamics in sensor networks. Our approach is to construct an anycast tree rooted at each potential event source, which micro-servers can dynamically join and leave. Our anycast mechanism is self-organizing, distributed, robust, scalable, routing-protocol independent and incurs very little overhead. Simulations using ns-2 show that our anycast mechanism when added to Directed Diffusion can reduce the network’s energy consumption by more than 50%, can reduce both the mean end-toend latency of the transmission and the mean number of transmissions by more than 50%, and achieves 99% data delivery rate for low and moderate micro-server mobility rate.
TAXONOMY FOR WSN SECURITY-A SURVEY

WSN is one of the dominant and emerging technology that shows great promise forÂ various application in military, ecological and health related areas.WSN is highly vulnerable to attacks and inclusion of wireless communication technology incurs various types of security threats.WSN requires security measures due to sensitive data and as sensor may operate in hostile unattended environment.WSN suffer from constraints like low computational capability, small memory limited energy resources physical capture susceptibility and insecure wireless communication channel. These create security a challenge in WSN. In this article we provide a survey of security in WSN.We provide an outline with constraints and security requirement and attacks with their counter measures in WSN.