Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in serum prolactin levels shortly before and after parturition in rats.

Changes in serum prolactin levels from day 4 before parturition to 24 hr after it of primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated by radioimmunoassay. Serum prolactin levels rose on day 0 before parturition (1-6 hr before the beginning of parturition) and declined abruptly immediately after parturition (2-6 min after the end of parturition). Serum prolactin levels increased again thereafter and were maintained at a little higher levels between 4 and 7 hr after parturition than on day 10 of lactation. The levels rose further between 9 and 10 hr after parturition to higher levels than on day 0 before parturition. Serum prolactin levels dropped thereafter and were maintained approximately at the level on day 10 of lactation until 24 hr after parturition. There existed no correlations between either two of the following values; time required for parturition, litter size, serum prolactin levels on day 0 before, at 0 and 24 hr after parturition. The coefficient of variation of serum prolactin value examined at each time was always higher than that on day 10 of lactation.
BULL SEMEN EVALUATION POST-THAW AND RELATION OF SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS TO BULLS FERTILITY

Evaluation of the quality of cryopreserved bull spermatozoa is reviewed. The methods for the assessment of sperm quality have markedly improved over the last decades - starting with the assessment of morphological shapes and subjective motility analysis towards the more sophisticated analysis of the molecular changes in chromatin, membranes and catabolic activities of the sperm cell itself. Function of sperm plasma membrane under the hypo- osmotic conditions, distribution and concentration of ions, or function of different organelles seem to correlate with the degree of the viability of spermatozoa after freezing and thawing procedures. Many in vitro techniques that stimulate sperm function through female-derived factors, such as zona and oocyte, in zona pellucida binding assay, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and production of embryos, were employed to predict the outcome of artificial insemination in the field. Still, majority of methods used for semen analysis today are both - tedious and expensive, and, in many cases confined to human bias. In order to increase the predictive power of assessment, simultaneous analysis of multiple sperm attributes, or outcomes of several laboratory assessments must be combined to look for the overall effect of several independent sperm parameters.
Native Cellulose: A Composite of Two Distinct Crystalline Forms

Multiplicities in the resonances of chemically equivalent carbons, which appear in the solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of native celluloses, have been examined at high resolution. The patterns of variation are consistent with the existence of two distinct crystalline forms. One form is dominant in bacterial and algal celluloses, whereas the other is dominant in celluloses from higher plants.
THE BRACKET IN THE BAR SPECTRAL SEQUENCE FOR A FINITE-FOLD LOOP SPACE

When X is an associative H-space, the bar spectral sequence computes the homology of the delooping, H∗(BX). If X is an n-fold loop space for n ≥ 2 this is a spectral sequence of Hopf algebras. Using machinery by Sugawara and Clark, we show that the spectral sequence filtration respects the Browder bracket structure on H∗(BX), and so it is moreover a spectral sequence of Poisson algebras. Through the bracket on the spectral sequence, we establish a connection between the degree n − 1 bracket on H∗(X) and the degree n − 2 bracket on H∗(BX). This generalizes a result of Browder and puts it in a computation-ready context.
Semantic Argumentation in Dynamic Environments

Decision Support Systems play a crucial role when controversial points of views are to be considered in order to make decisions. In this paper we outline a framework for argumentation and decision support. This framework defines arguments which refer to conceptual descriptions of the given state of affairs. Based on their meaning and based on preferences that adopt specific viewpoints, it is possible to determine consistent positions depending on these viewpoints. We investigate our approach by examining soccer games, since many observed spatiotemporal behaviours in soccer can be interpreted differently. Hence, the soccer domain is particularly suitable for investigating spatiotemporal decision support systems.
Association between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of yeast facilitates interorganelle transport of phospholipids through membrane contact.

Membrane association between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is probably a prerequisite for phospholipid translocation between these two organelles. This association was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction of electron micrographs from serial ultrathin sections of yeast cells. A mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), which is a subfraction of the endoplasmic reticulum, was isolated and re-associated with mitochondria in vitro. In the reconstituted system, phosphatidylserine synthesized in MAM was imported into mitochondria independently of cytosolic factors, bivalent cations, ATP, and ongoing synthesis of phosphatidylserine. Proteolysis of mitochondrial surface proteins by treatment with proteinase K reduced the capacity to import phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylethanolamine formed in mitochondria by decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine is exported to the endoplasmic reticulum where part of it is converted into phosphatidylcholine. In contrast with previous observations with permeabilized yeast cells [Achleitner, G. , Zweytick, D. , Trotter, P., Voelker, D. & Daum, G. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 29836-29842], export of phosphatidylethanolamine from mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum was shown to be energy-independent in the reconstituted yeast system.
High Amplitude Photic Driving evoked by Flickering‐Pattern in Neuropsychiatric Patients — With Special Reference to Epileptics

In the previous studies: it was shown that when high amplitude photic driving (PD) is evoked by 5 Hz flickering-dotpattern (FDP) in adult patients, functional disorders of the visual cortex are suggested. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine the incidences of high amplitude PD in various neuropsychiatric patients. A total of 543 patients were examined. They were epilepsy (3 19), schizophrenia (43), affective disorders (27), neuroses (41) and other disorders (113). Ages ranged from 21 to 76 years, with a mean age of 34.5 years. Of these 543 patients, 291 (54%) were male and 252 (46%) were . female. A visual stimulator SLS-5100 (Nihon Kohden) was used to perform FDP stimulation. FDP stimulation was given to each subject in a sitting position. The apparatus yielded an approximately sine-wave output for flicker stimulation. After 2 to 3 minutes of dark adaptation, the subjects were instructed to look through a window at the central regions of a tangent screen set 25 cm from the eyes, and the stimulation was projected onto the screen (25 X 25 cm). When the pattern was projected onto the screen, the visual angle of a single dot was 1.33 degrees. Such 5 Hz FDP stimulation was given to each subject for 7 seconds. The amplitude of the PD was defined as that of the largest 5 H z PD evoked in the
Inhibition of platelet aggregation by chlorogenic acid via cAMP and cGMP-dependent manner

In this study, we investigated the effect of chlorogenic acid, a phenolic acid, on collagen (10 &mgr;g/ml)-stimulated platelet aggregation. Chlorogenic acid dose-dependently inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and suppressed the production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), an intracellular Ca2+-agonist as an aggregation-inducing autacoidal molecule, which was associated with the strong inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 in platelet microsomes having cytochrome c reductase activity. In addition, chlorogenic acid increased significantly the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), intracellular Ca2+-antagonists as aggregation-inhibiting molecules. These results suggest that chlorogenic acid has antiplatelet activity through the reduction of TXA2 and the increase of cAMP and cGMP levels. Therefore, our data demonstrate that chlorogenic acid is a potent inhibitor of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation, and may be a crucial tool for a negative regulator during platelet activation in thrombotic diseases.
Comparative 1-Substituted Imidazole Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Isozyme-Selective Activities in Human and Mouse Hepatic Microsomes

Inhibition of cytochrome P450(CYP)-selective reactions in a single human and a single mouse hepatic microsome preparation by fourteen 1-substituted imidazoles provides a simultaneous ranking of reaction susceptibility to a specific imidazole and the relative inhibitory potency of the imidazoles for a given reaction. CYP3A4/5 activity was inhibited (IC50 <5 μM) by the greatest number of imidazoles, followed closely by CYP2C9. Seven imidazoles exhibited IC50 values for CYP3A4/5 <0.3 μM (none for CYP2C9) and were exclusively above 300 MW. Nafimidone (MW, 236) exhibited an IC50 value <0.3 μM towards CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 reactions. CYP2E1 and CYP2A6 were exclusively inhibited (IC50 <5 μM) by imidazoles with MWs below ∼200. In general, mouse activities exhibited lower IC50 values than in human microsomes.
Genetic Diversity of Central Thailand Beef Cattle Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Data

Kanya Jirajaroenrat, Saranya Satitmanwiwat, Kunya Tuntivisoottikul Department of Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Industrial Education, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand Corresponding auther: kjkanya@kmitl.ac. th
Liver energy metabolism of Anguilla anguilla after exposure to fenitrothion.

This paper deals with the effect of fenitrothion (0.04 mg/liter) on the energy metabolism of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, and its recovery from intoxication. Various parameters such as glycogen, lactate, proteins, total lipids, and glucose in eel liver and blood were analyzed after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 h of fenitrothion exposure. Subsequently, the fish were allowed recovery periods of 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, and 192 h in clean water, and the same parameters were evaluated. Liver glycogen and lipid contents decreased significantly during the exposure, while blood glucose levels increased markedly. Liver and blood lactate values increased during pesticide exposure, while proteins were decreased in comparison to unexposed controls. Most of the metabolic disorders did not persist after less than a week of recovery in clean water. The observed effects of fenitrothion on fish metabolism are discussed in relation to a stress syndrome, and probable reasons for alterations are also discussed.
A non-alcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy case with atypical MRI findings: Clinic versus radiology

Wernicke's Encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that can be seen in both alcohol abusers and non-alcoholic population as a result of thiamine deficiency. We herein report a non-alcoholic patient with typical clinical presentations but atypical MRI findings. Early clinical suspicion of WE is especially important in non-alcoholic patients with atypical MRI findings. The diagnosis of this group is more difficult to make and the prognosis of the syndrome mostly depends on early initiation of thiamine supplementation.
Studies on Relation between DNA Methylation Levels and Sequence Characteristics of Mammalian DNA

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that occurs at N 6 position of Adenine and N 4 and C 5 positions of Cytosine in prokaryotes while, in higher eukaryotes it occurs at C 5 position of Cytosine. DNA methylation is performed by DNA methyltransferases, maintenance methyltransferases Dnmt1 that has preference for hemimethylated CpG sites and de novo methyltransferases Dnmt3a Dnmt3b which do not discriminate between hemimethylated and unmethylated CpG sites. Target CpG sites are known to be differentially methylated in the genome and the phenomenon has been shown to be influenced by the local DNA sequence characteristics. In the present study it has been attempted to investigate effects of sequence composition such as homopolymeric stretches of purines, pyrimidines, poly H, V, D and B on DNA methylation. Recently published bisulphite sequence analysis based methylation data of 297 amplicones of chromosome 21 of 5 human cell types has been used to compare mean methylation levels with above mentioned DNA sequence characteristics. CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION
Part III: Location of asthma inflammation and the distal airways: clinical implications

ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence suggests that the airway inflammation and remodeling characteristic of asthma occur not only in the central airways, but also in the distal lung and the lung parenchyma. The distal airways are increasingly being recognized as important sites of airflow obstruction. Research indicates that distal inflammation may play a crucial role in airway hyperresponsiveness, nocturnal asthma, and spontaneous exacerbations of asthma symptoms. Although the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in improving asthmatic symptoms and preventing exacerbations is well established, the ability of conventional formulations to reach the distal airways is limited. The impaired ability of these formulations to reach the distal airways may contribute to the observation that inhaled corticosteroids do not always provide adequate control of asthma symptoms. Newer formulations of inhaled corticosteroids that use hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellants in solution have greater access to the distal airways and produce beneficial changes in lung function. Due to their highly targeted delivery systems, newer HFA-based formulations have the potential to effectively treat asthma at reduced doses.
Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A and B Viruses

ABSTRACT Human influenza A viruses evolve more rapidly than influenza B viruses. To clarify the cause of this difference, we have evaluated the mutation rate of the nonstructural gene as revealed by the genetic diversity observed during the growth of individual plaques in MDCK cells. Six plaques were studied, representing two strains each of type A and B viruses. A total of 813,663 nucleotides were sequenced, giving rates of 2.0 × 10−6 and 0.6 × 10−6 mutations per site per infectious cycle, which, when extended to 1 year, agree well with the published annual evolutionary rates.
Hydrolyzable Tannins (Chebulagic Acid and Punicalagin) Target Viral Glycoprotein-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions To Inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Entry and Cell-to-Cell Spread

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a common human pathogen that causes lifelong latent infection of sensory neurons. Non-nucleoside inhibitors that can limit HSV-1 recurrence are particularly useful in treating immunocompromised individuals or cases of emerging acyclovir-resistant strains of herpesvirus. We report that chebulagic acid (CHLA) and punicalagin (PUG), two hydrolyzable tannins isolated from the dried fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae), inhibit HSV-1 entry at noncytotoxic doses in A549 human lung cells. Experiments revealed that both tannins targeted and inactivated HSV-1 viral particles and could prevent binding, penetration, and cell-to-cell spread, as well as secondary infection. The antiviral effect from either of the tannins was not associated with induction of type I interferon-mediated responses, nor was pretreatment of the host cell protective against HSV-1. Their inhibitory activities targeted HSV-1 glycoproteins since both natural compounds were able to block polykaryocyte formation mediated by expression of recombinant viral glycoproteins involved in attachment and membrane fusion. Our results indicated that CHLA and PUG blocked interactions between cell surface glycosaminoglycans and HSV-1 glycoproteins. Furthermore, the antiviral activities from the two tannins were significantly diminished in mutant cell lines unable to produce heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and could be rescued upon reconstitution of heparan sulfate biosynthesis. We suggest that the hydrolyzable tannins CHLA and PUG may be useful as competitors for glycosaminoglycans in the management of HSV-1 infections and that they may help reduce the risk for development of viral drug resistance during therapy with nucleoside analogues.
Constrained robust output regulation for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown control direction

This paper addresses a constrained robust output regulation problem for a class of output feedback systems with unknown control direction. The problem is firstly transformed into a constrained stabilization problem by introducing the internal model principle. Then a robust adaptive feedback control law for the system is proposed to solve the constrained stabilization problem by incorporating the techniques of Barrier Lyapunov Function and Nussbaum gain. Such a design leads to the solution of the constrained robust output regulation problem of the original system in the sense that the output tracking error is constrained within the prescribed barrier limit while asymptotically approaching to zero and the closed loop signals are all bounded for all the time. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed control.
How Paris Gave Rise to Cubism (and Picasso): Ambiguity and Fragmentation in Radical Innovation

In structural analyses of innovation, one substantive question looms large: What makes radical innovation possible if peripheral actors are more likely to originate radical ideas but are poorly positioned to promote them? An inductive study of the rise of Cubism, a revolutionary paradigm that overthrew classic principles of representation in art, results in a model where not only the periphery moves toward the core through collective action, as typically asserted, but the core also moves toward the periphery, becoming more receptive to radical ideas. The fragmentation of the art market in early 20th-century Paris served as the trigger. The proliferation of market niches and growing ambiguity over evaluation standards dramatically reduced the costs of experimentation in the periphery and the ability of the core to suppress radical ideas. A multilevel analysis linking individual creativity, peer networks, and the art field reveals how market developments fostered Spanish Cubist Pablo Picasso's experiments and facilitated their diffusion in the absence of public support, a coherent movement, and even his active involvement. If past research attests to the importance of framing innovations and mobilizing resources in their support, this study brings attention to shifts in the structure of opportunities to do so.
CKAP2 Is a Spindle-associated Protein Degraded by APC/C-Cdh1 during Mitotic Exit*

We reported here an efficient and generally applicable genomic analysis that uses transcriptional profiling to identify candidate substrates of regulatory enzymes, such as kinases and ubiquitin ligases. We applied this strategy to the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that controls sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. We found that a microtubule-associated protein, CKAP2, is a substrate of APC/C and demonstrated that ubiquitination and degradation of CKAP2 in vitro require a KEN-box and is mediated by Cdh1, an activator of APC/C. We showed that the levels of CKAP2 fluctuated across the cell cycle in culture cells, high in mitosis and low during mitotic exit. Overexpression of Cdh1 reduced the levels of CKAP2 in a KEN-box-dependent manner, while knockdown of Cdh1 increased the half-life of CKAP2. CKAP2 associated with centrosomal microtubules in late G2, but only after the separation of the duplicated centrosomes. During mitosis, CKAP2 associated with spindle poles and with spindle microtubules from prophase through anaphase and dis-appeared from microtubules during cytokinesis. The function of CKAP2 during mitosis does not seem essential, as efficient knockdown of CKAP2 neither altered the cell cycle distribution of the cells, nor generated observable mitotic defects. On the other hand, ectopic expression of either the wild-type or a non-degradable CKAP2 led to a mitotic arrest with monopolar spindles containing highly bundled microtubules. We concluded that CKAP2 is a physiological substrate of APC/C during mitotic exit and that a tight regulation of the CKAP2 protein level is critical for the normal mitotic progression.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Colistin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Reveal Multiple Pathways of Resistance

ABSTRACT The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has resulted in a more frequent reliance on treatment using colistin. However, resistance to colistin (Colr) is increasingly reported from clinical settings. The genetic mechanisms that lead to Colr in K. pneumoniae are not fully characterized. Using a combination of genome sequencing and transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis, distinct genetic mechanisms were found among nine Colr clinical isolates. Colr was related to mutations in three different genes in K. pneumoniae strains, with distinct impacts on gene expression. Upregulation of the pmrH operon encoding 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (Ara4N) modification of lipid A was found in all Colr strains. Alteration of the mgrB gene was observed in six strains. One strain had a mutation in phoQ. Common among these seven strains was elevated expression of phoPQ and unaltered expression of pmrCAB, which is involved in phosphoethanolamine addition to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In two strains, separate mutations were found in a previously uncharacterized histidine kinase gene that is part of a two-component regulatory system (TCRS) now designated crrAB. In these strains, expression of pmrCAB, crrAB, and an adjacent glycosyltransferase gene, but not that of phoPQ, was elevated. Complementation with the wild-type allele restored colistin susceptibility in both strains. The crrAB genes are present in most K. pneumoniae genomes, but not in Escherichia coli. Additional upregulated genes in all strains include those involved in cation transport and maintenance of membrane integrity. Because the crrAB genes are present in only some strains, Colr mechanisms may be dependent on the genetic background.
Multilingual number expansion for TTS

As an inherently language-dependent feature, the expansion of numbers to their full written-out forms can also be accomplished with language-independent code for multilingual TTS systems. In this paper we present a number expansion system that works with little data and language-independent code, while still able to expand numerics in dozens of languages. The paper also describes a way to determine the type of the number for correct expansion type, also with language-independent code, normalization from various scripts, and discusses issues brought up by conjugation of some morphologically rich languages.