Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Naturalist Turn in Literary and Art Study: Two-Way Interdisciplinarity and the Sciences of Mind

In recent years, a bourgeoning area of paradigm-revising scholarly investigation involves what could be referred to as a “Naturalist” or “Cognitive” turn in literary and art study, exploring the interface between theory in the arts and humanities and scientific theory of the type produced in disciplines belonging to the empirical and cognitive paradigm such as linguistics, cognitive science, philosophy of mind and cognitive neuropsychology. In this paper, I will discuss a range of theoretical, epistemic and methodological issues raised by such an interdisciplinary enterprise including the possibility of a genuine methodological merger with the cognitive paradigm, the plea for psychological realism, the extent to which the scientific method is compatible with the nature of literature and art as an investigative object and the need for genuine, two-way interdisciplinary practices in literary and art study. I will also briefly consider the role Relevance Theory might have to play in this interdisciplinary venture as both a pragmatic and epistemological framework.
Morphological analysis of human cortical bone using high-resolution X-ray microtomography

Structural and elastic properties of bone are related to microstructural parameters such as porosity and anisotropy. Microtomography (μCT) enables assessment of bone microstructural geometry, typically down to a voxel size of 5 microns. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate whether using a higher (sub-micrometer) voxel resolution in X-ray μCT enables detection of new, finer, details in human cortical bone. The second objective was to measure several morphological parameters that determine the microstructure, and to compare two different microtomographs. To this end, twenty four human cadaveric femur samples were imaged by Xradia XCT-400 at a voxel size of 0.56 0.59 μm and spatial resolution of 1. 5μm. For comparison, samples were measured by Skyscan 1172 at a voxel size of 2.78 μm. Scanner and image reconstruction parameters were individually tuned for each sample, so as to enhance the signal to noise ratio and to increase the amount of small detail. The systematical error due to the chosen procedure was satisfyingly low. Haversian canals (50.8 ± 25.4 μm) and ostecyte lacunae (3.74 ± 0.30 μm) were easily distinguishable from the scans by XCT-400, whereas SkyScan only extracted the Haversian canals. Morphological data from these two microtomographs had consistent distributions at the scale of the Haversian canals. Some correlations were observed between the morphological parameters, e.g. the cortical porosity correlated with pore diameter and number of pores. In conclusion, the Xradia μCT thus enables new level of bone morphological analysis which can enhance the understanding of relations between the properties of hierarchical microstructure and macroscopic features of the bone. Understanding of bone fragility can thereby be enhanced. In particular, such understanding plays important role in developing new methods of non-invasive bone assessment, based on quantitative ultrasound.
The molecular origin of stress generation in worm-like micelles, using a rheo-SANS LAOS approach

We combine large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) and time-resolved small angle neutron scattering (t-SANS) measurements on the dynamic response of a dispersion of surfactant worm-like micelles. By viewing the response as being the result of a sequence of physical processes, we observe new features of the system response. We identify three distinct frequency regimes including a high frequency Maxwell-like, a yielding, and a settled flow regime. For each regime we identify the molecular origins, on a Kuhn segment scale, of the stress response. We show the ability of the material to ‘over-orient’ pre-yielding, compared with stationary flow. Finally, we present a stress–orientation rule which is rate-based at low frequencies and strain-based at high frequencies.
MicroRNAs: Critical Regulators of mRNA Traffic and Translational Control with Promising Biotech and Therapeutic Applications

knowledge of the role of these regulatory RNAs in modulating protein synthesis and controlling metabolic pathways in health and disease. Conclusions: The discovery of miRNAs and their important role in controlling many aspects of cell function and metabolism have led to considerable interest in biotech applications of miRNAs and their application in modulating specific gene expression. We thus highlight the growing biotech and therapeutic applications of miRNAs.
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Elevation Data: A Contemporary Global Elevation Model for describing the topography in Zaria and its environs

Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has created an unparallel data set of global elevations that is freely available for modeling and environmental applications. The global availability (almost 80% of the Earth surface) of SRTM data provides baseline information for many type of the worldwide researches. This product presents a great value in the production of topographic map, analysis in ecology, accuracy of precise gravimetric geoid, agriculture, climatology, geology, pedology, geomorphology, environmental modeling, rainfall-runoff studies, landslide hazard zonation, seismic source modeling and hydrological modeling. However, overall assessment of the accuracy of this product requires additional regional studies involving ground truth control and accuracy verification methods with higher level of precision, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). The study presented in this report is based on two independent datasets collected with GPS system and Topographic map. Statistical analysis included estimation of absolute errors. Data from the various dataset were analyzed independently and in combination. Differences in terrain enabled a good interpretation of results. The results of this study showed that absolute average vertical errors of the SRTM dataset is 5.586 ± 1.001m in Zaria (mean ± S.E.M.). This is significantly better than a standard SRTM accuracy value indicated in its specification (i.e. 16 m). The error values have strong correlation with slope and certain aspect values. The result show good contour and terrain harmonization at contour interval greater than 15m. It was recommended that SRTM dataset and other global elevation datasets be evaluated before put to use. Also, it was further recommended that the application of SRTM dataset in providing terrain correction for the Nigerian Gravimetric Geoid Model will help improve the accuracy of the model which is for now being questioned.
Serum Markers, Conventional Doppler Echocardiography and Two-dimensional Systolic Strain in the Diagnosis of Chemotherapy-Induced Myocardial Toxicity

Serum Markers, Conventional Doppler Echocardiography and Two-dimensional Strain in the Diagnosis of Chemotherapy-Induced Myocardial Toxicity Background Left ventricular dysfunction is a serious complication of antineoplastic treatment with unfavorable impact in future clinical outcome. Early diagnosis of cardiotoxicity in patients receiving chemotherapy might be useful to define a strategy for the prevention of ventricular function impairment. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of serum markers [troponin T (TnT), BNP and NT-proBNP] and two-dimensional longitudinal (LS) and radial (RS) strain to detect ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients treated with cardiotoxic chemotherapy. Methods Thirty six patients [average age (±SD) 47±16 years, 42% men], with neoplastic disease with normal myocardial mass and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥55% receiving chemotherapy treatment, were prospectively included. Assessment of serum markers and echocardiography were performed before chemotherapy and at 2, 3, 4 and 6 months after onset of cancer treatment. The 6-month cardiotoxicity endpoint (EP) was defined as reduced LVEF according to international consensus. Results Seven patients reached the EP (19.4%). Endpoint predictors were: NT-proBNP at 4 months (positive EP (G1): 152 ±42 pg/ml vs. negative EP (G2) 61±38 pg/ml; p <0.001), BNP at 4 months (G1 41±12 pg/ml vs. G2 26±11 pg/ml; p <0.01), two-dimensional LS at 3 months (G1 –16.3±2.4% vs. G2 19.6±2.02%; p <0.01) and 4 months (G1 –15.9±1.77% vs. G2 19.9±2.2%; p <0.001), and two-dimensional RS at 4 months (G1 46.4±2.4% vs. G2 52±3.4%; p <0.001). Conclusions Natriuretic peptides and two-dimensional LS and RS were useful to predict mild ventricular systolic dysfunction in chemotherapy-treated patients.
Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics of Nanowire Trigate MOSFET Considering Wave Function Penetration

Short channel effects on the gate capacitance of nanowire trigate MOS field-effect transistors are studied considering wave function penetration. Capacitance-Voltage (C‑V) measurements are commonly used in studying gate-oxide quality in detail. C‑V test results offer a wealth of device and process information, including bulk and interface charges. Capacitance indicates switching speed of the MOSFET. It is our goal to minimize capacitance as possible as we can in MOSFET. Due to our necessary to compact the Integrated Circuit as possible as we can for getting small electronics devices. Capacitance determines the speed of the IC. Every engineer in this section should know capacitance of his implementing device MOSFET to get exact result from this device. Whenever we deal with 10X10 nm scale or less device of MOSFET. We must concern the effect of wave function penetration into device in this stage classical mechanics fails to describe exact result of the system because electron can move in only one direction (x), in 3 Dimension, it cannot move in other two direction (y, z). i.e. confined in two direction which is not predictable by classical mechanics here quantum mechanics (QM) gives better solution of this problem. Therefore we consider QM in our study. Here we presented how wave function play vital role considering small area of trigate MOSFET. It is the analytical approach of QM and highly recommendation to use QM rather than CM to get accuracy. This result will be helpful for determining capacitance of trigate MOSFET. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijece.v2i6. 1785
The long Halloween

Written by JEPH LOEB Art and cover by TIM SALE From the early days of Batman's crimefighting career, this new edition of the classic mystery involves a killer who strikes only on holidays. Working with Harvey Dent and Lieutenant Gordon, Batman races to discover who Holiday is! Collected from the original 13-issue series!
EXOTIC GRASSES ALTER CONTROLS OVER SOIL NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN A HAWAIIAN WOODLAND

Exotic invasive grasses and fire have altered plant species composition in the seasonal submontane woodlands of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. These changes have affected both structural and functional aspects of the plant community, which could have consequences for soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and N availability to plants. To determine if, when, and how soil N dynamics were altered by grass invasion, we measured net and gross N mineralization and nitrification during wet and dry seasons across three vegetation types: (1) experimental grass removal plots within unburned woodland created to simulate the native ecosystem that may have existed prior to invasion; (2) woodland invaded by grasses; and (3) invaded woodland converted to grassland by fire. Grass invasion into woodland shifted the timing, but not the amount, of N available. After conversion to grassland, N-cycling rates were 3.4 times greater. The wet season accounted for 35% of annual net N mineralization in the grass removal treatment, 75% in the.
Bank Interest Margin and Default Risk under the Capped Schedule for Government Capital Injections in the Basel III Capital Adequacy Accord

The Basel III Capital Adequacy Accord (BCAA) will cap government capital injections as qualifying capital at 90% of the nominal amount of such capital outstanding, beginning in 2013, and the cap will decline by 10% during each subsequent year (Eubanks, 2010); this cap is called a capped ratio schedule of government capital instruments. We add to the literature on government capital injections by providing an option-based illustration of how the capped ratio schedule can influence bank interest margins and failure probability. We show that a declining capped ratio increases a bankâ€™s volume of lending at a reduced margin and further increases its default risk. The capped ratio schedule as such makes the bank less prudent and more prone to risk-taking, thereby adversely affecting the stability of the banking system. Our findings provide alternative explanations for criticisms of BCAA.
Mechanical size limitation and life-history strategy of an intertidal seaweed

Ocean waves impose large hydrody- namic forces on organisms living on rocky shores. Many intertidal organisms are structurally flexible, and the effect of this flexibility on the mechanical forces they experience is poorly understood. In addi- tion, organisms in the rocky intertidal zone are gen- erally much smaller than those in subtidal or terres- trial habitats. This study examined the influence of structural flexibility on the forces imposed by waves on the intertidal seaweed Pelvetiopsis limitata, in- cluding the potential for a mechanical size constraint on this species. A mechanical model of a seaweed on a wave-swept shore was developed on the basis of laboratory measurements of algal characteristics. Computer simulations predict that flexibility dramati- cally increases the forces imposed on the algae, par- ticularly for large individuals. Along with field data on wave conditions and algal tenacity, this indicates that large algae are more likely to be dislodged than small ones throughout the year, and that very large individuals are expected to survive only during the summer and early fall. Measurements of thallus size in a population of P. limitata during a 2 yr period cor- roborated these model predictions. Algae in the field developed reproductive structures during the sum- mer and early fall, when they were the largest and waves were the smallest. Thus, P. limitata exhibits a life-history strategy in which it grows large when seasonal wave conditions permit, and reproduces before becoming dislodged by large winter waves, mitigating the reproductive consequences of a mech- anical size constraint.
Diarrhoea Prevalence in Under Five Children in Two Urban Populations Setting of Ndola, Zambia: An Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude at the Household Level

Background: Diarrhea diseases are a leading cause of mortality in under five children of developing countries. In African countries preventable measures have been shown to reduce early child mortality, but poor Knowledge and attitude towards diarrhea cases has contributed to the high prevalence. Objective: To determine the prevalence of diarrhea among under 5 children only in two urban settings and assessment of knowledge and attitude on the prevalence. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was gathered using a standardized questionnaire. Proportions from two different areas were compared using the Chi-square test, and a result yielding a p value of less than 5% was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 718 households from the two locations were selected, 361 from Chipulukusu and 357 from Kansenshi. Diarrhea prevalence was (44.6%) in under 5 children (42.5%) from Chipulukusu and (2.1%) in Kansenshi. Respondents in Kansenshi were more knowledgeable than those coming from Chipulukusu: knowledge on risks, Kansenshi had (68.6%) while Chipulukusu had (52.4%). Kansenshi had (96.9%) and Chipulukusu had (91.7%) knowledge on symptoms. Knowledge on prevention Kansenshi had (91.9%) while Chipulukusu had (91.7%). Treatment of diarrhea Kansenshi had (994.1%) while Chipulukusu had (51.2%). In Kansenshi (99.4%) strongly agreed or just agreed that the use of untreated water contributes to the onset of diarrhea while in Chipulukusu was (96.1%). A total of (81.5%) in Kansenshi and (88.1%) in Chipulukusu strongly agreed that diarrhea can be prevented at home. Kansenshi had (8.4%) and Chipulukusu had (3.3%) of respondents who strongly agreed that persistent diarrhea can be treated at home. Lastly in Kansenshi (96.9%) and Chipulukusu (96.1%) strongly agreed that shallow well and pit latrine contributes to the onset of diarrhea. Conclusion: The prevalence, knowledge and attitude of diarrhea varied between the residential areas. Interventions are required which are residential specific and targeting at educating the residents on factors that contribute to the onset of diarrhea in under 5 children.
HUMAN ACTIVITY RECOGNITION FROM SMARTPHONES USING DATA CLASSIFICATION

Activity recognition is one amongst the foremost vital technology behind several applications like medical analysis, human survey system and it is an active research topic in health care and smart homes. Smart phones are equipped with numerous built-in sensing platforms like accelerometer , gyroscope, GPS, compass sensor and GPS sensor. We can design a system to capture the state of the user. Activity recognition (AR) system takes the raw sensor reading from mobile sensors as inputs and estimates a human motion activity using data mining and machine learning techniques. In this paper, we analyze the performance of two classification algorithms i.e Random Forest (RF) and modified RF in an online activity recognition system working on Android platforms and this technique can supports on-line training and classification using the accelerometer data only. Usually first we use the RF classification algorithm program associated next we tend to utilize an improvement of modified random forest i.e MRF. For the purpose of activity recognition, modified RF will eliminates the computational complexities of RF by creating decision trees (creating smaller training sets for each actions and classification will be performed based on these reduced training sets). We will predict the performance of these classifiers from a series of observations on human activities like walking, running, lying down, sitting and standing in an online activity recognition system. In this paper, we are intended to analyze the performance of classifiers with limited training data and limited accessible memory on the phones compared to off-line. Keywords: Activity Recognition, Classification, Random Forest, modified RF;
Relationships Between Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Environmental Factors at Edgewater Beach

To provide more timely estimates of indicator bacteria concentrations in recreational waters, environmental agencies are using predictive models to supplement conventional bacteria enumeration methods. As a tool to develop predictive models, correlational relationships between variables can be examined, to determine the statistical significance of explanatory variables. Prior research at Lake Erie beaches suggests that environmental conditions such as average wave height, rainfall, turbidity, and water temperature may demonstrate a strong relationship to concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis (enterococci). These relationships were examined at Edgewater Beach in Cleveland, Ohio, using statistical correlation tests on data collected from field measurements and analyses of lake water samples during the 2015 recreational season. E. coli concentrations were determined by analyzing samples prepared using EPA Method 9223B for Colilert-24®/Quanti-tray®. Enterococci concentrations were quantified by analyzing cultures prepared by EPA Method 1600 for membrane filtration of lake water samples. Additionally, ANOVA tests were used to examine the relationship between concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria and wave height. Results of the correlation tests demonstrated that water turbidity had the most significant correlation to E. coli and enterococci concentrations. Results of the ANOVA tests indicated that mean concentrations of bacteria associated with the highest wave heights was significantly greater than mean concentrations at lower wave heights. A weaker correlation was demonstrated in the relationships of bacteria concentrations to water temperature and antecedent rainfall. These results can provide insight on exploring potential variables to use in future regression models for examining indicator bacteria concentrations at Edgewater Beach.
Some Parallels Between Gene Control Systems in Maize and in Bacteria

In this article, McClintock attempted to link the regulation of controlling elements to observations made by Francois Jacob, Jacques Monod, and Andre Lwoff on bacterial operons in 1960. In part, McClintock was trying to establish her preeminence in the study of gene regulation, but she also wanted to demonstrate that regulation was widespread among organisms. Many of the parallels she observed were not universally accepted and McClintock backed off most of her claims by 1968.
The impact of gender diverse boards on firm financial performance in Norway

Using a dataset of 55 Norwegian public limited liability companies listed on Oslo Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2013, a time-series study is employed to analyze the relationship between the gender-diversity of boards of directors and firm financial performance and to further examine if the relation is positively moderated by the number of independent directors, the number of directors holding multiple board seats and the education level of directors. The analysis reveals no significant evidence that firm financial performance is positively impacted by gender diverse boards of directors. For Tobin´s Q, there even is a negative relationship of gender diversity of boards of directors and firm financial performance. Neither is the relationship significantly moderated by independent directors, multiple directorships or education. The results of this paper therefore support the findings of a number of other studies which did not find any significant link between gender diversity of corporate boards and firm performance neither. Practical implications derived from these results are that decision-makers in society and politics need to be aware of the empirical evidence suggesting a non-existing or even negative impact of quota laws for gender diversity of boards of directors on firm financial performance.
Brand Familiarity and Product Knowledge in Customization

This paper challenges the assumption commonly used in the theoretical literature on customization that consumers always get their ideal varieties when they purchase a customized product. I adopt Hotelling's horizontal differentiation model with two firms competing for a continuum of consumers. Each consumer has a most preferred variety and possesses a certain level of category-specific knowledge. Initially, the firms produce standard products located at the end points of the variety interval. Suppose one of the firms offers customization. Consumers familiar with the brand can easily transfer their needs into appropriate characteristics of this brand. Consumers unfamiliar with the brand have difficulty in expressing their preferences. Category-specific knowledge is crucial here. Knowledgeable consumers are more capable of analyzing information than less knowledgeable ones, and the products they design better match their preferences. The game runs as follows. The firms simultaneously decide whether to offer customization, then engage in price competition. I show that while customization makes the products less differentiated, the frictions introduced into consumer co-design activities relax price competition. As a result, customization by one of the firms occurs in equilibrium.