Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L’ingénierie des méthodes : une visite guidée A Guided Tour of Method Engineering

Ce chapitre presente le domaine de l’Ingenierie des Methodes (IM) et en fait un etat de l’art. L’IM se definit comme l’application d’un ensemble de techniques d’ingenierie a la construction du produit que constitue une methode. L’IM trouve sa justification dans la necessite de construire une methode de maniere industrielle, systematique et efficace et eventuellement «a la volee», pour l’adapter aux conditions ou exigences particulieres d’un projet. Cet article definit l’IM, presente les motivations et les justifications de l’IM et introduit les principes et techniques cles qui la sous-tendent. Il developpe certaines des techniques cles et notamment la representation modulaire des methodes sous forme de composants de methodes et la construction de methode par assemblage de composants.
Strongly formative pilot studies on constraints in early life-cycle work

Two pilot studies in CASE radically changed the way in which data was to be gathered and interpreted i.e. the pilot studies were strongly rather than weakly formative. We report on these two pilot studies, focussing on the key lessons learnt for empirical software engineering which include new ways of thinking about productivity and quality issues.
Long-Term Consequences of Severe Closed Head Injury on Episodic Memory

This is the first systematic investigation of the very long-term effects of severe closed head injury (CHI) on objective measures of memory, and the first to employ both a normal control group and an other injury control group consisting of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. The CHI group displayed significantly poorer performance on every memory measure, and the effect sizes were large. This impairment in episodic memory is neither due to pre-injury nor post-injury differences between CHI and normal control subjects because the same differences were found when the CHI group was compared to a group of SCI patients. The findings demonstrate severe impairment in learning and retention many years after sustaining a severe CHI, which is likely in part due to the bilateral hippocampal damage shown in neuropathological studies. This life-long memory impairment needs to be addressed by community service programs.
Clinical decision rules for adults with minor head injury: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND There are many clinical decision rules for adults with minor head injury, but it is unclear how they compare in terms of diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to systematically identify clinical decision rules for adults with minor head injury and compare the estimated diagnostic accuracies for any intracranial injury and injury requiring neurosurgical intervention. METHODS Several electronic bibliographic databases covering biomedical, scientific, and gray literature were searched from inception to March 2010. At least two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of cohort studies that described a clinical decision rule to identify adults with minor head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score, 13-15) at risk of intracranial injury or injury requiring neurosurgical intervention. RESULTS Twenty-two relevant studies were identified. Differences existed in patient selection, outcome definition, and reference standards used. Nine rules stratified patients into high- and moderate-risk categories (to identify neurosurgical or nonsurgical intracranial lesions). The Canadian Computed Tomography Head Rule (CCHR) high-risk criteria have sensitivity of 99% to 100% with specificity of 48% to 77% for injury requiring neurosurgical intervention. Other rules such as New Orleans criteria, National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study II, Neurotraumatology Committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, Scandinavian, and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network produce similar sensitivities for injury requiring neurosurgical intervention but with lower and more variable specificity values. DISCUSSION The most widely researched decision rule is the CCHR, which has consistently shown high sensitivity for identifying injury requiring neurosurgical intervention with an acceptable specificity to allow considered use of cranial computed tomography. No other decision rule has been as widely validated or demonstrated as acceptable results, but its exclusion criteria make it difficult to apply universally.
The effects of work engagement and self‐efficacy on personal initiative and performance

Background: Two popular concepts, work engagement and personal initiative, are different but related constructs. This study is based on and extends the Frese and Fay (2001) model of personal initiative (PI) by including work engagement (WE) and self‐efficacy as antecedents of PI, and performance as a consequence. Method: Two studies (study 1, with a cross‐sectional design using N = 396 participants from 22 organizations, and study 2, with a longitudinal design conducted in two waves with N = 118 participants from 15 organizations) test the hypotheses. Results: Structural equation modeling and the PROCESS SPSS Macro were used to test the hypothesized mediating role of personal initiative in work engagement and performance, and the results show the indirect effect of WE on performance through PI. Conclusions: The results of these two studies confirmed our hypotheses: WE and self‐efficacy lead to higher PI, which, in turn, leads to higher performance. In addition to considering WE as an antecedent of PI, the results lead to considering PI as an antecedent of performance. &NA; Los efectos del work engagement y la auto‐eficacia en la iniciativa personal y el desempeño. Antecedentes: los conceptos work engagement e iniciativa personal están relacionados pero son conceptos diferentes. Este trabajo se basa en el modelo de la iniciativa personal de Frese y Fay (2001) y lo amplía incluyendo el work engagement como antecedente de la iniciativa personal, junto con la autoeficacia y el desempeño como resultado. Método: se realizaron dos estudios (estudio 1 con un diseño transversal N = 396 participantes de 22 organizaciones y estudio 2 con un diseño longitudinal con dos tiempos y N = 118 participantes de 15 organizaciones) para contrastar las hipótesis. Resultados: se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y el Macro de SPSS Process para contrastar el rol mediador de la iniciativa perosnal entre el work engagement y el desempeño, mostrando los resultados los efectos indirectos del work engagement sobre el desempeño a través de la iniciativa personal. Conclusión: los resultados de los dos estudios confirman nuestras hipótesis. Work engagment y autoeficacia llevan a una mayor iniciativa personal, que implica una mejora del desempeño. Junto a considerar el work engagment un antecedente de la iniciativa personal, los resultados permiten considerar a la iniciativa un antecedente del desempeño.
The use of rotational atherectomy and drug-eluting stents in the treatment of heavily calcified coronary lesions.

INTRODUCTION The treatment of calcified coronary artery lesions is a challenge for percutaneous angioplasty. Rotational atherectomy is an established technique for the effective modification of these lesions prior to conventional angioplasty and stent implantation. Drug-eluting stents (DES) have shown encouraging results in complex lesions and high-risk patients. METHODS This retrospective study investigated the immediate and long-term prognosis after treatment with rotational atherectomy (RotA) and DES implantation in 184 patients with calcified coronary artery lesions. RESULTS During follow up (mean 49 months), 7 patients died (1 from a non-cardiac cause) and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 14.85%. Only 4.15% of patients underwent a new angioplasty procedure. CONCLUSIONS The combination of RotA and DES in calcified coronary artery lesions has a very good angiographic result and a satisfactory clinical outcome.
Genetic imbalances in preleukemic thymuses.

To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in preleukemia, the suppression subtractive hybridization method was used in a murine radiation-induced thymic lymphoma model. Seventeen mRNAs overexpressed in preleukemic thymuses were identified: mouse laminin binding protein (p40/37LBP), E25 protein, Rattus norvegicus clone BB.1. 4.1, profilin, poly(A) binding protein (PABP), mouse high mobility group protein 1, topoisomerase I, clusterin, proteasome RC1 subunit, rat prostatein C3 and C1 subunits; two ESTs and four unknown genes. The overexpression of PABP, clusterin, profilin, and the p40/37LBP mRNAs was confirmed in preleukemic thymuses and can be related to some cellular events observed during the preleukemic period, i.e., alterations of cell cycle and apoptosis properties. The p40/37LBP and 67-kDa laminin receptor proteins were upregulated during the preleukemic period. The data suggest that additional studies on p40/37LBP and 67-kDa laminin receptor regulation are required to evaluate their potential role in the lymphoma prevention by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.
A 6–9-GHz programmable gain LNA with integrated balun in 90-nm CMOS

A low-noise amplifier (LNA) for operation over the common frequency range (6-9-GHz) allocated for Ultrawideband (UWB) communications both in USA, Europe, and Japan is presented. Implemented in a pure digital 90 nm CMOS technology, it features a 12.5 dB voltage gain over a 4.5-11-GHz 3-dB bandwidth, S11 < -8.2 dB, a noise figure of 3.9-5.1-dB, and P1dB > -6.8 dBm at a power consumption as low as 20.4 mW. The prototype includes an integrated balun for single ended to differential conversion and features a 4-step 12.7 dB programmable gain variation.
A Ribosome-Binding, 3′ Translational Enhancer Has a T-Shaped Structure and Engages in a Long-Distance RNA-RNA Interaction

ABSTRACT Many plant RNA viruses contain elements in their 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) that enhance translation. The PTE (Panicum mosaic virus-like translational enhancer) of Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) binds to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), but how this affects translation from the 5′ end is unknown. We have discovered a three-way branched element just upstream of the PEMV PTE that engages in a long-distance kissing-loop interaction with a coding sequence hairpin that is critical for the translation of a reporter construct and the accumulation of the viral genome in vivo. Loss of the long-distance interaction was more detrimental than elimination of the adjacent PTE, indicating that the RNA-RNA interaction supports additional translation functions besides relocating the PTE to the 5′ end. The branched element is predicted by molecular modeling and molecular dynamics to form a T-shaped structure (TSS) similar to the ribosome-binding TSS of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV). The PEMV element binds to plant 80S ribosomes with a Kd (dissociation constant) of 0.52 μM and to 60S subunits with a Kd of 0.30 μM. Unlike the TCV TSS, the PEMV element also binds 40S subunits (Kd , 0.36 μM). Mutations in the element that suppressed translation reduced either ribosome binding or the RNA-RNA interaction, suggesting that ribosome binding is important for function. This novel, multifunctional element is designated a kl-TSS (kissing-loop T-shaped structure) to distinguish it from the TCV TSS. The kl-TSS has sequence and structural features conserved with the upper portion of most PTE-type elements, which, with the exception of the PEMV PTE, can engage in similar long-distance RNA-RNA interactions.
The Research of Low-carbon External Motivation in the View of Market, Government and Social Norms

Based on the theory of regulation and the theory of market economy and enterprise ethics, market, government regulation and social norms are the factors that affect the low carbon of the hotel. Through the research method of questionnaire, the quantitative study of 242 hotels, the model construction and the effect analysis are carried out. The conclusion proves that the coordinated and complementary relationship between the market and the government. Outside the economy, the social norm was considered as the representative of the ethical environment in the hotel’s low-carbon factors. It is proved that ethics is a factor that affects the low-carbon of the hotel after the perspective of economics. According to the conclusion, the paper puts forward three suggestions, which is to promote social norms in the hotel’s low-carbon influence, and increase the government’s regulation and enforcement, and promote the market environment of energy saving and emission reduction.
Alanine analogues of [D‐Trp]CJ‐15,208: novel opioid activity profiles and prevention of drug‐ and stress‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behaviour

The novel macrocyclic peptide cyclo[Phe‐D‐Pro‐Phe‐D‐Trp] ([D‐Trp]CJ‐15,208) exhibits κ opioid (KOP) receptor antagonist activity in both in vitro and in vivo assays. The four alanine analogues of this peptide were synthesized and characterized both in vitro and in vivo to assess the contribution of different amino acid residues to the activity of [D‐Trp]CJ‐15,208.
Promoting Cancer Screening: Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research and Practice

*This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) can help to quantify the contribution of the promotion of a screening program to increased participation in screening. The cost-effectiveness (C/E) of screening promotion depends in large part on the endpoints of interest. At the most fundamental level, the C/E of a strategy for promoting screening would focus on the attendance rate, or cost per person screened, and the C/E would be influenced by the costs of promotion, as well as by the size and responsiveness of the target population. In addition, the costs of screening promotion (measured as the cost per additional participant in screening) can be included in a CEA estimate of the screening technology. In this case, depending on the efficacy of the screening test and the costs and influence of the promotion, the C/E of screening may improve or become poorer. In the current study, the authors reviewed the literature on the C/E of cancer screening promotion. The following lessons were learned regarding the C/E of screening and its promotion: 1) high-quality information on the C/E of screening is increasingly available; 2) cost-effective promotion of screening is dependent on cost-effective screening strategies; 3) quality-of-life effects may be important in assessing the overall C/E of screening programs; 4) research efforts aimed at identifying costeffective approaches to screening promotion are useful but sparse; 5) C/E studies should be better incorporated into well designed effectiveness research efforts; 6) variations in C/E according to intervention characteristics, population characteristics, and context should be evaluated in greater depth; 7) the long-term effects of screening promotion are critical to assessing C/E; 8) the effects of promotion on costs of screening must be better understood; and 9) CEA must be interpreted in light of other information. The authors showed that CEA can be a valuable tool for understanding the merits of health promotion interventions and that CEA is particularly valuable in identifying screening strategies that might be promoted most cost-effectively. Cancer 2004;101(5 Suppl):1229 –38. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society. *
Domestic and International Information Linkages for the US Dollar/Indian Rupee Contracts: An Empirical Study

This study examines price discovery and volatility linkages between USD/INR spot and futures contracts in India and between USD/INR futures contracts on National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE), India and on three international exchanges, namely Singapore Exchange (SGX), Dubai Gold and Commodity Exchange (DGCX) and Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), from 29 August 2008 to 30 March 2015. Findings show that, at domestic level, the futures dominate spot in the Indian currency market; these findings are stronger than those in an earlier study, indicating improved pricing as well as hedging efficiency in the Indian currency market. At international level, NSE is dominated by both CME and DGCX in price discovery and in short-term volatility spillovers, while NSE dominates both exchanges in long-term volatility spillovers. Further, NSE dominates SGX in the international information process. The dominance of CME and DGCX over NSE may be on account of their several advantages such as longer trading hours, operations being open even after NSE has shut business, much lower trading costs as well as lower regulatory restrictions. The study provides several significant policy suggestions for improving efficiency of the Indian currency market and is also relevant for foreign portfolio investors (FPIs), domestic investors, researchers and academicians. It contributes to literature on information transmission relating to currency markets in emerging economies.
Classifying Obstructive and Nonobstructive Code Clones of Type I Using Simplified Classification Scheme: A Case Study

Code cloning is a part of many commercial and open source development products. Multiple methods for detecting code clones have been developed and finding the clones is often used in modern quality assurance tools in industry. There is no consensus whether the detected clones are negative for the product and therefore the detected clones are often left unmanaged in the product code base. In this paper we investigate how obstructive code clones of Type I (duplicated exact code fragments) are in large software systems from the perspective of the quality of the product after the release. We conduct a case study at Ericsson and three of its large products, which handle mobile data traffic. We show how to use automated analogy-based classification to decrease the classification effort required to determine whether a clone pair should be refactored or remain untouched. The automated method allows classifying 96% of Type I clones (both algorithms and data declarations) leaving the remaining 4% for the manual classification. The results show that cloning is common in the studied commercial software, but that only 1% of these clones are potentially obstructive and can jeopardize the quality of the product if left unmanaged.
Understanding Business Patenting and Licensing: Results of a Survey

To provide additional insight into the factors that have contributed to the growth in patenting, the OECD collaborated with the Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD (BIAC) in 2003 to conduct a survey of businesses regarding their patenting and licensing practices. The purpose of the survey was to gather qualitative information that would provide insight into evolving business strategies for managing intellectual property, assist in interpreting results of more quantitative analyses of patenting trends (e.g. using the OECD Patents database) and compensate for the lack of consistent statistical information on patent licensing. Overall, results confirmed the increased importance of patents in business strategy over the past ten years, mainly due to increased innovation, more intensive competition and patent reform (notably expanded subject matter). Firms indicated that patents play an increasingly important role .
Analysis of effective channel placement for an EEG-based biometric system

This paper discusses the potential of the EEG signal for implementation of a practical biometric system using 4 or less channels of 2 different types of EEG recordings. Studies have shown that the EEG signal has biometric potential because the signal varies from person to person and is impossible to replicate and steal. Data were collected from 10 male subjects while resting with eyes open and eyes closed in 5 separate sessions conducted over a course of 2 weeks. Features were extracted using the autoregressive (AR) model and analyzed to obtain the feature set. Results show that data from eyes open and eyes closed using 4 channels gave good classification rates of 96% and 97% respectively and that data recorded from 2 channels gave classification rates from 90% to 95%. Classification rates from 1 channel ranged from 70% to 87%. The average time taken for recognition was 0.38 seconds at the point of recognition. Based on these results, there is potential for implementation of an EEG-based biometric system.
Flagellar assembly in Salmonella typhimurium

The bacterial flagellum is a motility apparatus in which a long helical filament ‐ the propeller ‐ is driven by a rotary motor embedded in the cell surface. Out of more than 40 genes required for construction of a fully functional flagellum in Salmonella typhimurium, only 18 gene products have been identified in the mature structure. Some other flagellar proteins play logistical roles during construction, which involves the selective export of flagellar components through a central hole in the flagellum. The whole structure is constructed from base to tip by linear assembly; that is, by adding new components on the growing end, resulting in the distal growth of each substructure. Components of the substructures do not necessarily self‐assemble, but often demand the help of other proteins. Recent progress in the understanding of flagellar assembly, which has been most extensively studied in S. typhimurium, is reviewed.
ศักยภาพของสำนักงานบัญชีในเขตภาคเหนือตอนล่าง สำหรับการเป็นสำนักงานบัญชีคุณภาพ / The Potential of Accounting Firms in Lower-Northern Region For the Accredited Accounting Firms

การวจยนมวตถประสงคเพอศกษาศกยภาพของสำนกงานบญชในเขตภาคเหนอตอนลางในการเปนสำนกงานบญชคณภาพ โดยพจารณาการปฏบตตามเกณฑควบคมคณภาพของกรมพฒนาธรกจการคา กระทรวงพาณชย กลมตวอยางเปนสำนกงานบญชในเขต 9 จงหวด ภาคเหนอตอนลางทยงไมไดขอการรบรองคณภาพและเกบขอมลโดยใชแบบสอบถาม จากการศกษา พบวา กลมตวอยางมคณภาพโดยรวมอยในระดบด เมอแยกพจารณาตามองคประกอบแตละดานของระบบควบคมคณภาพ พบวา มคณภาพอยในระดบ ด ถง ดมาก ซงสามารถพจารณาไดวา กลมตวอยางมศกยภาพในการเปนสำนกงานบญชคณภาพ การวเคราะหเพมเตมถงปจจยทมผลตอคณภาพโดยศกษา 3 ปจจย ประกอบดวย ประสบการณในการประกอบธรกจ รปแบบการประกอบธรกจ และขนาดของสำนกงาน จากการวเคราะหถดถอยเชงพห พบวา ประสบการณในการประกอบธรกจสงผลกระทบเชงบวกอยางเปนสาระสำคญตอคณภาพโดยรวม และเมอพจารณาคณภาพแยกตามแตละองคประกอบของระบบควบคมคณภาพ พบวา ประสบการณในการประกอบธรกจสงผลกระทบเชงบวกอยางเปนสาระสำคญตอคณภาพในหลายดาน คอ คณภาพดานความรบผดชอบของผบรหาร ดานขอกำหนดทางดานจรรยาบรรณ ดานกระบวนการทเกยวกบลกคา และดานการปฏบตงาน นอกจากนยงพบวาการประกอบธรกจในรปแบบนตบคคล มผลกระทบเชงบวกอยางเปนสาระสำคญตอคณภาพดานกระบวนการทเกยวกบลกคา และดานการปฏบตงาน ในทางตรงกนขาม ขนาดของสำนกงานสงผลกระทบเชงลบอยางเปนสาระสำคญตอการปฏบตดานขอกำหนดทางดานจรรยาบรรณของสำนกงาน The purpose of this research is to study the potential of accounting firms in the lower-northern region for an accredited accounting firm. We base the study on the quality control system of the Department of Business Development, the Ministry of Commerce. A sample consists of accounting firms in nine provinces of the lower-northern region that has not been accredited. We find that the overall quality score is in good level. Considering each quality control element, we find that the scores are between good to very good levels. It is possible to consider that the sample has a potential for accreditation. An additional regression analysis for factors affecting the quality including firm experience, business form, and firm size shows that firm experience has a significantly positive effect on the overall quality. Considering each quality control element, we find that firm experience has a significantly positive effect on several elements regarding management responsibility, ethical requirements, client engagement process, and engagement performance. In addition, we find that running an accounting firm as a corporate entity has a significantly positively effect on client engagement process, and engagement performance. However, firm size has a significantly negative effect on quality regarding ethical requirements.