Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design for Soft Error Resiliency in Internet Core Routers

This paper describes the modeling, analysis and verification methods used to achieve a reliability target set for transient outages in equipment used to build the backbone routing infrastructure of the Internet. We focus on the ASIC design and analysis techniques that were undertaken to achieve the targeted behavior using 65 nm technology. Considerable attention was paid to Single Event Upset in flip-flops and their potential to produce network impacting events that are not systematically detected and controlled. Using random fault injection in large scale RTL simulations, and slack time distributions from static timing analysis, estimates of functional and temporal soft error masking effects were applied to a system soft error model to drive decisions on interventions such as the use of larger resilient flip-flops, parity protection of registers groupings, and designed responses to detected upsets.
ClpB/Hsp100 proteins and heat stress tolerance in plants

Abstract High-temperature stress can disrupt cellular proteostasis, resulting in the accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates. For survival under stressful conditions, it is important for cells to maintain a pool of native soluble proteins by preventing and/or dissociating these aggregates. Chaperones such as GroEL/GroES (Hsp60/Hsp10) and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE (Hsp70/Hsp40/nucleotide exchange factor) help cells minimize protein aggregation. Protein disaggregation is accomplished by chaperones belonging to the Caseinolytic Protease (Clp) family of proteins. ClpB/Hsp100 proteins are strikingly ubiquitous and are found in bacteria, yeast and multi-cellular plants. The expression of these proteins is regulated by heat stress (HS) and developmental cues. Bacteria and yeast contain one and two forms of ClpB proteins, respectively. Plants possess multiple forms of these proteins that are localized to different cellular compartments (i.e. cytoplasm/nucleus, chloroplast or mitochondria). Overwhelming evidence suggests that ClpB/Hsp100 proteins play decisive roles in cell adaptation to HS. Mutant bacteria and yeast cells lacking active ClpB/Hsp100 proteins are critically sensitive to high-temperature stress. Likewise, Arabidopsis, maize and rice mutants lacking cytoplasmic ClpB proteins are very sensitive to heat. In this study, we present the structural and functional attributes of plant ClpB forms.
Glaucoma Diagnostic Ability of Retinal Vessel Diameter Measurements in Open-Angle Glaucoma

METHODS. This retrospective observational study included 145 patients with OAG (63 with high-tension and 82 with low-tension glaucoma) and 60 healthy controls. The central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) were measured using the IVAN software version 1.3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained for the average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and RVD indices including CRAE, CRVE, and CRAE/CRVE ratio. Areas under the ROC curves (AUCs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and sensitivities at a fixed specificity (>90% and >80%) were calculated. Factors related to CRAE were analyzed by simple and multiple linear regression analyses.
A New Fork for Clinical Application: Targeting Forkhead Transcription Factors in Cancer

Forkhead O transcription factors (FOXO) play a pivotal role in the regulation of a myriad of cellular functions including cell cycle arrest, cell death, and protection from stress stimuli. Activation of cell survival pathways such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT/IKK or RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase are known to phosphorylate FOXOs at different sites which cause FOXOs nuclear exclusion and degradation, resulting in the suppression of FOXO's transcriptional activity. Perturbation of FOXO's function leads to deregulated cell proliferation and accumulation of DNA damage, resulting in diseases such as cancer. Emerging evidence shows that active FOXO proteins are crucial for keeping cells in check; and inactivation of FOXO proteins is associated with tumorigenesis, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leukemia. Moreover, clinically used drugs like paclitaxel, imatinib, and doxorubicin have been shown to achieve their therapeutic effects through activation of FOXO3a and FOXO3a targets. In this review, we will focus the novel functions of FOXOs revealed in recent studies and further highlight FOXOs as new therapeutic targets in a broad spectrum of cancers.
MICROBIAL TRANSLOCATION IN THERMAL INJURY

Cutaneous injury by thermal burns in experimental animals produces a highly reproducible acute model for studying the barrier function of the intestine wherein the magnitude of microbial translocation is directly associated with the extent of injury. Translocation after burn occurs throughout the intestinal tract with extreme rapidity, reaches an early peak within hours, and then has a less intense prolonged phase (for up to 20 days). Blood flow and oxygenation in individual villi and oxygenation appear to play important roles. Translocation occurs primarily through intact epithelial cells and M-cells but passage through mucosal ulcerations may also be important. The loss of barrier function to microbial products may be even more important than translocation of intact microbes since it appears that the products from approximately 100 microbes pass across the intestinal barrier for every one microbe that can be detected by culture. Loss of the barrier function is clearly associated with the hypermetabolic response in experimental animals. Importantly, a number of therapeutic interventions can improve gut barrier function against bacteria. These include lumenal nutrients, especially arginine, glutamine and the omega-3 fatty acids, growth factors such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, sucralfate and basic fibroblast growth factor, prostaglandin analogues, interferon-gamma, heparan sulphate and enalapril. Adrenocortical steroids will increase translocation but this can be counteracted by dietary arginine or glutamine. Thus, burn injury has provided a highly reproducible model for studying the mechanisms and pathological events following translocation as well as the development of treatments that may have useful clinical application in improving outcome following injury.
Theoretical model to determine the blocking probability for SDMA systems

Antenna array technology has attracted the attention of the research community as a means to increase system capacity and improve the signal reception. Space division multiple access (SDMA) is a multi-access scheme based on the use of antenna arrays to separate users by exploiting their positions in space. Several works have been carried out to examine the improvement in the system capacity provided by SDMA. A theoretical model to determine the blocking probability for SDMA is derived. A closed-form linear system of equations is obtained whose numerical solution gives the blocking probability. The formulation is employed to assess the capacity gain improvement of a single-cell system under specific conditions. It is found from the results that SDMA is not efficient for low traffic loads, whereas it is so for high traffic.
Enhanced star formation in narrow-line Seyfert 1 active galactic nuclei revealed by Spitzer

We present new low-resolution Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy of a sample of 20 ROSAT-selected local narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s). We detect strong active galactic nucleus (AGN) continuum in all and clear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission in 70 per cent of the sources. The 6.2 μm PAH luminosity spans three orders of magnitude, from ∼10 39 to ∼10 42 erg s -1 providing strong evidence for intense ongoing star formation in the circumnuclear regions of these sources. Using the Infrared Spectrograph/Spitzer archive, we gathered a large number of additional NLS 1 s and their broad-line counterparts (BLS1s) and constructed NLS1 and BLS I subsamples to compare them in various ways. The comparison shows a clear separation according to full width at half-maximum (Hβ) [FWHM(Hβ)] such that objects with narrower broad Hβ lines are the strongest PAH emitters. We test this division in various ways trying to remove biases due to luminosity and aperture size. Specifically, we find that star formation activity around NLS1 AGN is larger than around BLS1 of the same AGN luminosity. The above result seems to hold over the entire range of distance and luminosity. Moreover, the star formation rate is higher in low black hole mass and high L/L Edd systems indicating that black hole growth and star formation are occurring simultaneously.
Passive avoidance training enhances cell proliferation in 1‐day‐old chicks

One‐day‐old domestic chicks were injected i.p. with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) before training on a one‐trial passive avoidance task where the aversive experience was a bead coated with a bitter tasting substance, methyl anthranilate (MeA). Animals were tested 24 h later; those avoiding (if MeA‐trained) or pecking if water (W)‐trained (which they peck appetitively), along with a group of untrained naïve chicks, were used to determine cell proliferation either 24 h or 9 days post BrdU injection. In all three groups, BrdU positive cells were identified sparsely throughout the forebrain but labelling was pronounced around ventricular zone (VZ) surfaces at both 24 h and 9 days post‐BrdU‐injection. Double immunolabelling with neuronal specific antibodies, to either NeuN, or β‐tubulin III, confirmed that most BrdU labelled cells appeared to be neurons. Unbiased stereological analysis of labelled cells in selected forebrain areas 24 h post BrdU injection showed a significant MeA‐training induced increase in labelled cells in both the dorsal VZ surface bordering the intermediate and medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) and the tuberculum olfactorium (TO). By 9 days post‐BrdU‐injection, there was a significantly greater number of BrdU labelled cells in MeA‐trained birds within the IMHV, lobus parolfactorius (LPO) and TO. These results demonstrate that avoidance training in 1‐day‐old chicks has a marked effect on cell proliferation, in the LPO and IMHV, regions of the chick previously identified as a key loci of memory formation, and in a second region (TO), which has olfactory functions, but has not been previously investigated in relation to avoidance learning.
A 2.2/3-inch 4K2K CMOS image sensor based on dual resolution and exposure technique

The recent trend in ultra-high-density cameras is running from HD to 4K2K, which will further extend to 8K4K / portable 4K2K. With advancements in device fabrication process technologies, there has been a pressing need for the miniaturization as well as high resolution and high sensitivity in image sensors [1].
Estimation of Demand for Wheat by Classes for the United States and the European Union

This study estimates demand for wheat differentiated by classes using a dynamic AIDS model for the United States and the European Union (EU). The results suggest that imported wheat is more price responsive than domestic wheat in the U.S. market but not in the EU market. This may suggest that the Canadian policy that reduces prices of Canadian wheat in the U.S. market or U.S. export subsidies that raise prices of U.S. wheat could be expected to give rise to substantial substitution of Canadian for U.S. wheat. It is also found that in the EU, complementary relationships exist between spring and other wheat groups. This complementary relationship between the lower and higher quality wheat in the EU is not surprising because EU millers blend cheaper wheat such as EU common wheat and U.S. other wheat with high protein (spring) to obtain the preferred characteristics.
Sustained low‐dose growth hormone therapy optimizes bioactive insulin‐like growth factor‐I level and may enhance CD4 T‐cell number in HIV infection

High‐dose recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) (2–6 mg/day) regimes may facilitate T‐cell restoration in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, high‐dose rhGH regimens increase insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) to supra‐physiological levels associated with severe side effects. The present study investigated whether lower doses of rhGH may improve T‐cell restoration in patients infected with HIV following an expedient response of total and bioactive (i.e., free) IGF‐I. A previous 16‐week pilot‐study included six HIV‐infected patients on stable HAART to receive rhGH 0.7 mg/day, which increased total (+117%, P < 0.01) and free (+155%, P < 0.01) IGF‐I levels. The study was extended to examine whether continuous use of low‐dose rhGH (0.7 mg/day until week 60; 0.4 mg/day from week 60 to week 140) would maintain expedient IGF‐I levels and improve CD4 T‐cell response. Total and free IGF‐I increased at week 36 (+97%, P < 0.01 and +125%, P < 0.01, respectively) and week 60 (+77%, P = 0.01 and +125%, P < 0.01) compared to baseline levels (161 ± 15 and 0.75 ± 0.11 µg/L). CD4 T‐cell number increased at week 36 (+15%, P < 0.05) and week 60 (+31%, P = 0.01) compared to baseline levels (456 ± 55 cells/µL). Following rhGH dose reduction, total IGF‐I and CD4 T‐cell number remained increased at week 88 (+44%, P = 0.01 and +33%, P < 0.01) and week 140 (+46%, P = 0.07 and +36%, P = 0.02) compared to baseline levels. These data support the notion that low‐dose rhGH regimens may increase expediently total and bioactive IGF‐I and improve T‐cell restoration in patients infected with HIV on HAART. J. Med. Virol. 82:197–205, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nano-adjuvanted polio vaccine: Preparation and characterization of chitosan and trimethylchitosan (TMC) nanoparticles loaded with inactivated polio virus and coated with sodium alginate

Objective(s): It is proposed that particulate antigens could better interact with the antigen presenting cells (APCs). A fast, simple and scalable process for preparation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) is coating of charged antigenic particles, like viruses, with oppositely charged polymers. A second coating with a charged polymer could increase the stability and modify the immunomodulatory potentials of NPs. Materials and Methods: Negatively charged inactivated polio virus (IPV) was coated with cationic polymers, chitosan (CHT) and trimethylchitosan (TMC) by a simple incubation method. CHT: IPV and TMC: IPV NPs were coated by anionic polymer, sodium alginate (ALG). Physical characteristics and stability of NPs were studied. Cytocompatibility of NPs was checked with MTT assay. DC maturation study was used for evaluation of the NPs potential in interaction with DCs. Results: Among the various polymer to antigen ratios tested, the least size and PDI and the highest ZP was seen in TMC: IPV (2:1), CHT: IPV (2:1), ALG: TMC: IPV (2:2:1) and ALG: CHT: IPV (4:2:1). The physical stability of TMC: IPV and CHT: IPV was preserved until 15 days. After an early de-association of some part of coated alginate, ALG: CHT: IPV and ALG: TMC: IPC NPs were stable until the end of study (25 th day). No one of the NPs formulations had a negative effect on cell viability. Compared with plain IPV, nanoparticulate IPV formulations failed to increase the expression of CD40 and CD86 markers of DCs. Conclusion: NPs prepared with simple and scalable method, had reasonable physical characteristics, stability and cytocompatibility and could be tested in vivo for their immunoadjuvant potential.
GP treatment decisions for patients with depression: an observational study.

BACKGROUND GPs are prescribing more antidepressants than previously, but not in accordance with guidelines. The reasons why they prescribe are not well understood. AIM To explore associations between GP treatment and severity of depression, patients' life difficulties, previous history of illness and treatment, and patient attitudes. DESIGN Observational study in two phases, 3 years apart. SETTING Seven practices in Southampton, UK. METHOD Adult attenders who consented were screened for depression in the waiting room. After the consultation, the 17 participating GPs completed questionnaires on the perceived presence and severity of depression, patients' life difficulties, previous problems and treatment, patient attitudes towards antidepressants, and their treatment decisions. Patients returned postal questionnaires on sociodemographics, life events, physical health, and attitudes towards antidepressants. RESULTS Of 694 patients screened in the two phases, the GPs rated 101 (15%) as depressed, acknowledged depression in 44 cases (6%), and offered treatment in 27 (4%), including antidepressants in 14 (2%). Offers of antidepressants were more likely in both phases where the GPs rated the depression as moderate rather than mild, and where they perceived a positive patient attitude to antidepressants. However, GP ratings of severity did not agree well with the validated screening instrument, and their assessments of patients' attitudes to treatment were only moderately related to patients' self-reports. CONCLUSIONS In line with current guidelines, GPs base prescribing decisions on the perceived severity of depression, taking patients' preferences into account, but they do not accurately identify which patients are likely to benefit from treatment. Better ways to assess depression severity and patient attitudes towards antidepressants are needed in order to target treatment more appropriately.
Tunable dispersion compensation in a 160-Gb/s TDM system by a voltage controlled chirped fiber Bragg grating

We demonstrate for the first time a device that enables practical dispersion management of a 160-Gb/s time-division multiplexer system (return-to-zero duty cycle: 30%). The dynamic dispersion is provided by an integrated chirp-tunable Bragg grating which is capable of recovering 2-ps pulses over a tuning range of 50 ps/nm with system power penalty less than 1.3 dB.
A novel SVM Kernel with GMM super-vector based on bhattacharyya distance clustering plus within class covariance normalization

A novel SVM Kernel based on Bhattacharyya distance clustering and within class covariance normalization was proposed to solve the problems of high computational complexity and susceptibility in channel interference of speaker verification. In our method, we computed the Bhattacharyya distance between pair of GMMs firstly. And then, a clustering algorithm was designed according to their Bhattacharyya distance to obtain clustering center models. MAP was applied on these clustering center models to generate super-vectors sequence kernel. Finally, within class covariance normalization was utilized to restrain the noise and channel distortion in this new kernel space. The experiment results showed that our proposed kernel has superior recognition accuracy and better robustness.
Origin and terminal distribution of the trigeminal projections to the inferior and superior colliculi in the lesser hedgehog tenrec

The trigemino‐tectal projections were investigated with anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques in the Madagascan lesser hedgehog tenrec, Echinops telfairi. There were prominent contralateral projections to the inferior colliculus (CoI) and the superior colliculus (CoS), each showing its own characteristic pattern of terminations. While the projections to the CoI were confined consistently to a circumscribed region in its ventrolateral, external portion, the projections from particularly the rostral trigeminal subdivision to the CoS were distributed inhomogenously across almost the entire rostro‐caudal and mediolateral extents. Comparing these data with the spino‐tectal projections published previously, it demonstrates that the somatotopic organization of ascending tectal afferents is more distinct in the CoI than in the CoS.
Salivary biomarkers, vital signs and behaviour of pre-school children during their first dental visit.

AIM: Anxiety may influence dental treatment unfavourably, thus evaluation of the psychophysiological reactions of the child may reduce its negative effects. This study aimed to evaluate and correlate the levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase, vital signs and behaviour of children during their first dental visit. METHODS: Study sample consisted of 32 children (11 male and 21 female patients) aged between 4 and 6 years, who would go to the dentist for the first time, with no pain or chronic illness, and without the use of medication. Three saliva samples were collected: before, immediately after and 20 minutes after the dental procedure (dental prophylaxis). STATISTICS: Data were analysed using Student's t test and Pearson's correlation test (p = 0.05). RESULTS: In the comparison of the levels of alpha-amylase, the heart rate and blood pressure were higher after the dental visit and the levels of salivary cortisol were significantly higher before. There was no statistically significant difference in the correlation between the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale and the levels of cortisol and alpha-amylase, but the results showed that the levels of these two salivary biomarkers increased gradually as the child had a less cooperative behaviour. CONCLUSION The sample revealed that the first dental visit generated anxiety, which was manifested through physiological and behavioural alterations.
A Probabilistic Temporal Model for Joint Attribute Extraction and Behavior Recognition

The focus of this paper is on the recognition of single object behavior from monocular image sequences. The general literature trend is to perform behavior recognition separately after an initial phase of feature/attribute extraction. We propose a framework where behavior recognition is performed jointly with attribute extraction, allowing the two tasks to mutually improve their results. To this end, we express the joint recognition / extraction problem in terms of a probabilistic temporal model, allowing its resolution via a variation of the Viterbi decoding algorithm, adapted to our model. Within the algorithm derivation, we translate probabilistic attribute extraction into a variational segmentation scheme. We demonstrate the viability of the proposed framework through a particular implementation for finger-spelling recognition. The obtained results illustrate the superiority of our collaborative model with respect to the traditional approach, where attribute extraction and behavior recognition are performed sequentially.
Reduced Pain Hypersensitivity and Inflammation in Mice Lacking Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1*

We examined the in vivo role of membrane-bound prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1, a terminal enzyme in the PGE2-biosynthetic pathway, using mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice. Comparison of PGES activity in the membrane fraction of tissues from mPGES-1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice indicated that mPGES-1 accounted for the majority of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible PGES in WT mice. LPS-stimulated production of PGE2, but not other PGs, was impaired markedly in mPGES-1-null macrophages, although a low level of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent PGE2 production still remained. Pain nociception, as assessed by the acetic acid writhing response, was reduced significantly in KO mice relative to WT mice. This phenotype was particularly evident when these mice were primed with LPS, where the stretching behavior and the peritoneal PGE2 level of KO mice were far less than those of WT mice. Formation of inflammatory granulation tissue and attendant angiogenesis in the dorsum induced by subcutaneous implantation of a cotton thread were reduced significantly in KO mice compared with WT mice. Moreover, collagen antibody-induced arthritis, a model for human rheumatoid arthritis, was milder in KO mice than in WT mice. Collectively, our present results provide unequivocal evidence that mPGES-1 contributes to the formation of PGE2 involved in pain hypersensitivity and inflammation.