Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Expectations and Speculative Behavior in a Dynamic Multi-Asset Framework

Following the framework of a one risky - one riskless asset model developed by Brock and Hommes (1998), this paper considers a discrete-time model of a financial market where heterogeneous groups of agents allocate their wealth amongst multiple risky assets and a riskless asset. Agents follow different expectation formation schemes for both first and second moments of the distribution of returns. Instead of using a Walrasian auctioneer scenario as the market clearing mechanism, a market maker scenario is used. In particular, the paper focuses on the case of two risky assets and two agent types, fundamentalists and trend chasers. Conditions for the stability of the "fundamental" equilibrium are established in terms of the key parameters, in particular the extrapolation rate of the trend chasers and the weight of the two groups in the market. Numerical explorations are performed in order to analyze the combined effect of the interaction between heterogeneous traders and the diversification among multiple risky assets. Particular attention is paid to the effect of the correlation between the risky assets. It turns out that investors' anticipated correlation and portfolio diversification do not always have a stabilizing role, but rather may act as a further source of complexity in the financial market.
Superpixel Segmentation Using Weighted Coplanar Feature Clustering on RGBD Images

Superpixel segmentation is a widely used preprocessing method in computer vision, but its performance is unsatisfactory for color images in cluttered indoor environments. In this work, a superpixel method named weighted coplanar feature clustering (WCFC) is proposed, which produces full coverage of superpixels in RGB-depth (RGBD) images of indoor scenes. Basically, a linear iterative clustering is adopted based on a cluster criterion that measures the color similarity, space proximity and geometric resemblance between pixels. However, to avoid the adverse impact of RGBD image flaws and to make full use of the depth information, WCFC first preprocesses the raw depth maps with an inpainting algorithm called a Cross-Bilateral Filter. Second, a coplanar feature is extracted from the refined RGBD image to represent the geometric similarities between pixels. Third, combined with the colors and positions of the pixels, the coplanar feature constructs the feature vector of the clustering method; thus, the distance measure, as the cluster criterion, is computed by normalizing the feature vectors. Finally, in order to extract the features of the RGBD image dynamically, a content-adaptive weight is introduced as a coefficient of the coplanar feature, which strikes a balance between the coplanar feature and other features. Experiments performed on the New York University (NYU) Depth V2 dataset demonstrate that WCFC outperforms the available state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy of superpixel segmentation, while maintaining a high speed.
Relating basic properties of bright early-type dwarf galaxies to their location in Abell 901/902

We present a study of the population of bright early-type dwarf galaxies in the multiple-cluster system Abell 901/902. We use data from the STAGES survey and COMBO-17 to investigate the relation between the color and structural properties of the dwarfs and their location in the cluster. The definition of the dwarf sample is based on the central surface brightness and includes galaxies in the luminosity range -16 >= M(B) greater than or similar to -19 mag. Using a fit to the color magnitude relation of the dwarfs, our sample is divided into a red and blue subsample. We find a color-density relation in the projected radial distribution of the dwarf sample: at the same luminosity dwarfs with redder colors are located closer to the cluster centers than their bluer counterparts. Furthermore, the redder dwarfs are on average more compact and rounder than the bluer dwarfs. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations assuming that bright early-type dwarfs are the remnants of transformed late-type disk galaxies involving processes such as ram pressure stripping and galaxy harassment. This indicates that a considerable fraction of dwarf elliptical galaxies in clusters are the results of transformation processes related to interactions with their host cluster.
THE KURAMOTO MODEL SUBJECT TO A FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENT: APPLICATION TO BRAINWAVE DYNAMICS

We consider the phase dynamics of an ensemble of Kuramoto oscillators whose eigenfrequencies are perturbed to model the openness of living systems, and we show that it exhibits time-localized epochs of synchrony. A new quantitative measure is used to show that the model compares well with electroencephalography data recorded from a healthy awake human.
Simple Eulerian time correlation of full-and narrow-band velocity signals in grid-generated, ‘isotropic’ turbulence

Space-time correlation measurements in the roughly isotropic turbulence behind a regular grid spanning a uniform airstream give the simplest Eulerian time correlation if we choose for the upstream probe signal a time delay which just ‘cancels’ the mean flow displacement. The correlation coefficient of turbulent velocities passed through matched narrow-band niters shows a strong dependence on nominal filter frequency (∼ wave-number at these small turbulence levels). With plausible scaling of the time separations, a scaling dependent on both wave-number and time, it is possible to effect a good collapse of the correlation functions corresponding to wave-numbers from 0·5 cm−1, the location of the peak in the three-dimensional spectrum, to 10 cm−1, about half the Kolmogorov wave-number. The spectrally local time-scaling factor is a ‘parallel’ combination of the times characterizing (i) gross strain distortion by larger eddies, (ii) wrinkling distortion by smaller eddies, (iii) convection by larger eddies and (iv) gross rotation by larger eddies.
An Empirical Model of Dynamic Limit Pricing : The Airline Industry

Theoretical models of strategic investment often assume that information is incomplete, creating incentives for firms to signal iinformation to deter entry or encourage exit. However, the very simple one-shot nature of these models has limited the scope for testing whether these models can quantitatively or even qualitatively fit the data. We develop a fully dynamic model with persistent asymmetric information, where an incumbent has incentives to repeatedly signal information about its costs to a potential entrant. The model is well-suited for empircal work in that it has a unique Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium under a standard form of refinement, with strategies that can be computed quite easily. We are in the process of using our model to test whether dynamic limit pricing can explain why a dominant incumbent airline drops its price when Southwest becomes a potential entrant on a route. The current version of the paper uses some existing tests to show that there is strong evidence of some form of strategic pricing behavior on the routes in our sample. ∗Duke University. Contact: cdg20@duke.edu. †Duke University and NBER. Contact: j.roberts@duke.edu. ‡Duke University and NBER. Contact: atsweet@duke.edu. We are grateful to Joe Mazur for a help in preparing the data used in this study. All errors are our own.
Influence of the tip work function on scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy on zinc doped GaAs

The authors investigated the influence of the tip work function on the signatures of zinc in gallium arsenide with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. By deliberately inducing tip modifications, the authors can change the tip work function between 3.9 and 5.5 eV, which corresponds to the expected range for tungsten of 3.5–6 eV. The related change in flatband voltage has a drastic effect on both the dI/dV spectra and on the voltage where the typical triangular contrast appears in the topography images. The authors propose a model to explain the differences in the dI/dV spectra for the different tip work functions. By linking the topography images to the spectroscopy data, the authors confirm the generally believed idea that the triangles appear when tunneling into the conduction band is mainly suppressed.
A morphology-based taxonomic revision of Laudakia GRAY, 1845 (Squamata: Agamidae)

The former genus Stellio has already been partitioned into Laudakia Gray, 1845 and Acanthocercus Fitzinger, 1849 on the basis of several pieces of evidence. The main objective of this study is to revise Laudakia which recently includes 20 species: L. agrorensis, L. badakshana, L. bochariensis, L. caucasia, L. dayana, L. erythrogaster, L. fusca, L. himalayana, L. lehmanni, L. melanura, L. microlepis, L. nupta, L. nuristanica, L. pakistanica, L. papenfussi, L. sacra, L. stellio, L. stoliczkana, L. tuberculata, and L. wui. More than 600 specimens have been studied with reference to 54 morphological characters which resulted in a detailed descriptive account for each taxon. Agama isozona is recognized as a synonym of L. bochariensis. The latter species itself has been placed in a supraspecific complex consisting of L. himalayana, L. badakshana and L. bochariensis. Laudakia caucasia which has ben lowered and raised several times since its appearance is again identified as a monotypic species by placing L. caucasia triannulata as synonym under L. microlepis. Laudakia fusca was described as a variety of L. nupta but subsequent herpetologists synonymized it or recognized it as full species. According to this study L. fusca should be recognized again as subspecies of L. nupta pending more detailed further research. Moreover, several previous works have indicated that Laudakia is paraphyletic and therefore two new genera are described herein encompassing the stellio- and caucasia-groups.
Radio System Optimization toward Smartphone and Machine Communications for Further Development of LTE/LTE-Advanced

©2013 NTT DOCOMO, INC. Copies of articles may be reproduced only for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the name NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal, the name(s) of the author(s), the title and date of the article appear in the copies. † Currently, Research Laboratories *1 OFDMA: A multiple access scheme that uses OFDM. OFDM uses multiple low data rate multi-carrier signals for the parallel transmission of wideband data with a high data rate, thereby implementing high-quality transmission that is highly robust to multipath interference (interference from delayed paths). Radio System Optimization toward Smartphone and Machine Communications for Further Development of LTE/LTE-Advanced
Operando DRIFTS-MS Study of WGS and rWGS Reaction on Biochar-Based Pt Catalysts: The Promotional Effect of Na

Biochar-based Pt catalysts, unpromoted and Na-promoted, were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method and characterised by Inductively coupled plasma mass spoectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption and transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that a sodium promoter modifies the acid-base properties of the support, altering the Pt-support interaction. An operando Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy-mass spectrometry (DRIFTS-MS) study was performed to gain insights into the reaction pathways and the mechanism of the Water-Gass-Shift (WGS) and the Reverse Water-Gass-Shift (rWGS) reactions. It was demonstrated that the addition of Na enhances the catalytic performance due to the changes induced by the alkali in the electronic structure of the Pt active sites. This effect favours the activation of H2O molecules during the WGS reaction and the dissociation of CO2 during the rWGS reaction, although it may also favour the consecutive CO methanation pathway.
Conjugate‐optical retroreflector display system: Optical principles and perceptual issues

Abstract— Conjugate‐optical retroreflector (COR) display systems have the potential for providing inexpensive high‐resolution imagery in a head‐mounted display (HMD) configuration. There are several perceptual issues, however, that need to be addressed before a COR display system can be used effectively. One issue is the choice of projected‐image location relative to the retroreflective screen, which is determined by the convergence angle between the binocular channels of the COR display. Another issue involves visual half‐occlusions, which can occur when a portion of a stereoscopic image is visible to only one eye, as may occur in any HMD. If half occlusions are simulated in a COR display in a way that is inconsistent with natural viewing, undesirable perceptual effects may result. In the present paper, we first describe, the optical principles that underlie the COR display system. We then discuss the importance of binocular convergence and describe a COR display configuration that eliminates inconsistencies in the depth cues provided by displayed surface properties and halfocclusions.
Relative State Estimation Using GPS Flight Data from Co-Orbiting Spacecraft

This final technical report summarizes the research performed by the Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research (CCAR) for the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) on Spaceborne Differential GPS Applications over the period 01 September 1997 through 31 August 1999. The primary focus of our work was on relative state estimation using GPS data from two vehicles. Data from a spaceborne experiment conducted by NASA was used for algorithm development and performance analysis. An auxiliary area of research was the identification and reduction of multipath errors in GPS observations. This effort is key to full utilization of GPS for high precision applications such as attitude determination, differential GPS, and relative navigation. The report comprises three documents describing the research. The first two are conference papers presented at ION GPS 99 describing the relative navigation and multipath research. The third is a doctoral dissertation research proposal written by Dolan Highsmith, summarizing his research on this project and plans for future work. Relative State Estimation Using GPS Flight Data from Co-Orbiting Spacecraft Dolan Highsmith Naval Research Laboratory Penina Axelrad University of Colorado, Boulder
Closing the Loop on E-waste A Multidisciplinary Perspective

Ben Bridgens ,1 Kersty Hobson,2 Debra Lilley,3 Jacquetta Lee,4 Janet L. Scott,5 and Garrath T. Wilson3 1School of Engineering at Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom 2School of Geography and Planning at Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom 3Design School at Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom 4Centre for Environmental Strategy at the University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom 5University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
3-dimensional analysis of holographic memories based on photopolymers using finite differences method

The characterization of the behavior of photopolymers is an important fact in order to control the holographic memories based on photopolymers. In recent years many 2-dimensional models have been proposed for the analysis of photopolymers. These models suppose that the photopolymer layer is homogeneous in depth and good agreement between theoretical simulations and experimental results has been obtained for layers thinner than 200 μm. The attenuation of the light inside the material by Beer's law is an important factor when higher thickness are considered. In this work we use a Finite-Difference method to solve the 3 dimensional problem. Now diffusion in depth direction and the attenuation of the light inside the material by Beer's law are also considered, the influence of the diffusivity of material in the attenuation of the refractive index profile in depth is analyzed.
Question Analysis Answer Merging Answer Analysis Full-text Search Answer Scoring Title Text Search Document Search Structured Search Passage ExtractionPassage Analysis Primary Search LAT Answer Producers

This is a preprint, submitted on 2015-03-22. Question Answering as a sub-field of information retrieval and information extraction is recently enjoying renewed popularity, triggered by the publicized success of IBM Watson in the Jeopardy! competition. But Question Answering research is now proceeding in several semi-independent tiers depending on the precise task formulation and constraints on the knowledge base, and new researchers entering the field can focus only on various restricted sub-tasks as no modern full-scale software system for QA has been openly available until recently. By our YodaQA system that we introduce here, we seek to reunite and boost research efforts in Question Answering, providing a modular, open source pipeline for this task — allowing integration of various knowledge base paradigms, answer production and analysis strategies and using a machine learned models to rank the answers. Within this pipeline, we also supply a baseline QA system inspired by DeepQA with solid performance and propose a reference experimental setup for easy future performance comparisons. In this paper, we review the available open QA platforms, present the architecture of our pipeline, the components of the baseline QA system, and also analyze the system performance on the reference dataset.
Silk Fibroin/Nano-CaP Bilayered Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

In this study, bilayered silk and silk/nanoCaP scaffolds were developed for osteochondral tissue engineering. Aqueous silk solution (16 wt.%) was used for preparation of the cartilage-like layer and, for generation of the silk/nanoCaP suspension and the bottom layer (CaP/Silk: 16 wt.%). The scaffolds were formed by using salt-leaching/lyophilization approach. The scanning electron microscopy revealed that the both layers presented porous structure and integrated well. Micro-computed tomography images confirmed that the CaP phase was only retained in the silk/nanoCaP layer. The hydration degree and mechanical properties of the bilayered scaffold were comparable to the ones of each single layer. The apatite crystal formation was limited to the silk/nanoCaP layer, when soaking the scaffold in a simulated body fluid solution, which is a must for the application of the developed scaffolds in OC tissue engineering.
Mechanistic Control of the Growth of Three-Dimensional Gold Sensors

Three-dimensional (3D) electrodes with large surface areas are highly effective biomolecular sensors. These structures can be generated via the electrodeposition of gold inside microscale apertures patterned on the surface of a microelectronic chip. Such electrodes enable the ultrasensitive analysis of nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules. Since the performance of these electrodes is directly related to their surface area, the ability to control their microscale morphology is critical. Here, we explore an electrochemical model based on the theory of nucleation and growth to better understand how to control the morphology of these electrodes. The insights gained from this model enabled us to create preferential conditions for the formation of different morphological features. We demonstrate for the first time that electrodeposition of 3D nanostructured microelectrodes inside a microscale aperture is governed by two stages of nucleation and growth. The first stage involves the creation of primary nu.
Expectations, use and judgmental adjustment of external financial and economic forecasts: an empirical investigation

A survey of 124 users of externally produced financial and economic forecasts in Turkey investigated their expectations and perceptions of forecast quality and their reasons for judgmentally adjusting forecasts. Expectations and quality perceptions mainly related to the timeliness of forecasts, the provision of a clear justifiable rationale and accuracy. Cost was less important. Forecasts were frequently adjusted when they lacked a justifiable explanation, when the user felt they could integrate their knowledge into the forecast, or where the user perceived a need to take responsibility for the forecast. Forecasts were less frequently adjusted when they came from a well-known source and were based on sound explanations and assumptions. The presence of feedback on accuracy reduced the influence of these factors. The seniority and experience of users had little effect on their attitudes or propensity to make adjustments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple heavy metal tolerant ciliates, Oxytricha fallax and Paramecium caudatum, isolated from industrial effluents and their potential use in wastewater treatment.

The multiple heavy metal resistant ciliates, Oxytricha fallax and Paramecium caudatum, isolated from industrial wastewater have been shown to be potential bioremediator of contaminated wastewater. The O. fallax showed tolerance against Zn 2+ (17 µg/ml), Hg 2+ and Ni 2+ (18 µg/ml), and Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ (16 µg/ml). P. caudatum was found to tolerate Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Hg 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cd 2+ at a concentration of 18, 15, 17, 15 and 14 µg/ml, respectively. The metal ions slowed down the growth of the ciliates as compared to the culture grown without metal stress. The reduction in cell population of O. fallax was 70% for Cd 2+ , 59% for Hg 2+ , 28% for Zn 2+ , 71% for Cu 2+ and 70% for Ni 2+ after 8 days of metal stress. The decrease in cell population of P. caudatum was 56% for Cd 2+ , 44% for Hg 2+ , 34% for Zn 2+ , 80% for Cu 2+ and 70% for Ni 2+ after 8 days of metal stress. O. fallax decreased 91% of Zn 2+ , and 90% of Hg 2+ from the medium after 96 hours of incubation in a culture medium containing10 µg/ml of the respective metal ions. Besides this, the ciliate could also remove 94% of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ and 88% Ni 2+ from the medium containing 5µg/ml of each metal after 96 hours, respectively. P. caudatum removed 95% of Zn 2+ and 78% of Hg 2+ from the medium containing10 µg/ml of the respective metal ions after 96 hours of incubation. The protozoan could also remove 94% of Cu 2+ , 82% of Cd 2+ and 76% Ni 2+ from the medium containing 5µg/ml of each metal after 96 hours, respectively. The ability of ciliates to take up multiple heavy metals from the medium could be exploited for metal detoxification and environmental clean-up operations.
Applications of laser wakefield accelerator-based light sources

Laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) were proposed more than three decades ago, and while they promise to deliver compact, high energy particle accelerators, they will also provide the scientific community with novel light sources. In a LWFA, where an intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma forms an electromagnetic wave in its wake, electrons can be trapped and are now routinely accelerated to GeV energies. From terahertz radiation to gamma-rays, this article reviews light sources from relativistic electrons produced by LWFAs, and discusses their potential applications. Betatron motion, Compton scattering and undulators respectively produce x-rays or gamma-rays by oscillating relativistic electrons in the wakefield behind the laser pulse, a counter-propagating laser field, or a magnetic undulator. Other LWFA-based light sources include bremsstrahlung and terahertz radiation. We first evaluate the performance of each of these light sources, and compare them with more conventional approaches, including radio frequency accelerators or other laser-driven sources. We have then identified applications, which we discuss in details, in a broad range of fields: medical and biological applications, military, defense and industrial applications, and condensed matter and high energy density science.