Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Design of the Seljuk-Amoeba Operating Environment

Building dependable distributed applications is not an easy task. Designers of such systems have followed two complementary approaches to reduce design complexity, namely: i) the use of appropriate developing tools; and ii) the choice of the most restrictive failure semantics possible for the components that form the systems underlying execution layer. The Seljuk model uses these two approaches to specify a structured way of providing fault tolerance services in the context of distributed operating environments, thus facilitating the construction and execution of dependable distributed applications. In this paper we present the design of the Seljuk-Amoeba operating environment, which follows the Seljuk model to enhance the Amoeba distributed operating system with the provision of fault tolerance services
Prevention of "risky" drinking among students at a Brazilian university.

AIM The aim of this paper was to compare the quantity and frequency of alcohol use and its associated negative consequences between two groups of college students who were identified as being "risky drinkers. " Subjects were randomly allocated in a clinical trial to intervention or control groups. METHODS Risky drinking use was defined as Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) >or=8 and/or Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI) >or=5 problems in the previous year. Students who had undergone the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) (N = 145 at baseline; 142 at 12 months, and 103 at 24 months, loss of 29.7%) were compared with a control group (N = 121 at baseline; 121 at 12 months and 113 at 24 months, loss of 9.3%), the nonintervention group. Variables included drinking frequency, quantity and peak consumption, dependence assessment, and family and friends' abuse assessment. RESULTS Treated students at a 24-month follow-up decreased quantity of alcohol use per occasion and lowered AUDIT and RAPI scores. CONCLUSIONS This is the first brief intervention work on risky drinking with college students in Brazil and the results are encouraging. However, it is difficult to conduct individual prevention strategies in a country where culture fosters heavy drinking through poor public policy on alcohol and lack of law enforcement.
Inhibitory actions of diphenyleneiodonium on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatations in vitro and in vivo

1 This study examined the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a novel inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, on endothelium‐dependent vasodilatations. 2 DPI (3 × 10−8–3 × 10−6 m) concentration‐dependently inhibited acetylcholine (ACh)‐induced relaxation in preconstricted rat thoracic aortic rings, with an IC50 of 1.8 × 10−7 m and a maximal inhibition of nearly 100%. DPI (3 × 10−6 m) also completely inhibited the relaxation induced by the calcium ionophore, A23187 but not by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The inhibitory effect of DPI (3 × 10−7 m) on ACh‐induced relaxation was prevented by pretreatment with NADPH (5 × 10−3 m) and FAD (5 × 10−4 m) but not l‐arginine (l‐Arg, 2 × 10–3 m). Pretreatment with NADPH did not alter the inhibitory effect of NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine on ACh‐induced relaxation. 3 The inhibitory effect of DPI on ACh‐induced relaxation in the aortae lasted >4 h after washout. In contrast to pretreatment, post‐treatment (1 h later) with NADPH (5 × 10−3 m) reversed only slightly the inhibitory effect of DPI. 4 In conscious rats, DPI (10−5 mol kg−1) inhibited the depressor response to i.v. infused ACh, but not SNP. However, it caused only a transient pressor response which was previously shown to be due completely to sympathetic activation. 5 Thus, DPI is an efficacious and ‘irreversible’ inhibitor of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism of the inhibition may involve antagonism of the effects of FAD and NADPH, co‐factors of NO synthase. However, unlike the NG‐substituted arginine analogues (another class of NO synthase inhibitors), DPI‐induced suppression of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation in vivo does not lead to a sustained rise in blood pressure.
Training and certification of behaviour analysts in Europe

ABSTRACT There has been dramatic growth in the number of trained behaviour analytic practitioners over the last decade across the world. The growth in the profession has led to the need to identify individuals who have met specific criteria for professional credentialing either through government regulation (e.g. licensure) or private certification (e.g. by the Behaviour Analyst Certification Board – BACB). Most current licensure systems incorporate BACB credentials or standards as their primary eligibility requirement. There has also been growth in the number of university behaviour-analytic training programs, where either the coursework and content will have been verified and/or the complete program will have been accredited. A brief history of these developments will be provided, along with data to evidence the growth in the numbers of credentialed practitioners and university training programs, particularly across Europe. A case is made for the advantages of basing requirements for professional recognition on existing and internationally available credentials.
Wide ZVS Range Asymmetric Half-Bridge Converter With Clamp Switch and Diode for High Conversion Efficiency

A conventional asymmetrical half-bridge (AHB) converter is widely used for dc-dc stage in low-to-medium power system. However, since the asymmetric operation of AHB converter causes the low efficiency over entire load condition, the conventional AHB converter is not usually considered for the candidate of server power system. In order to overcome the problems of the conventional AHB converter, a wide zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) range AHB converter with a clamp switch and a clamp diode is proposed in this paper. The proposed AHB converter (PAHBC) replaces a low-side clamp diode with a MOSFET switch and adds an auxiliary winding, which changes the transformer turns-ratio. From these modifications and the pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) control of clamp switch, the PAHBC can be designed optimally at nominal input condition and obtains additional dc gain at hold-up time condition. These advantages achieve the high conversion efficiency over the entire load condition. The operational principle and analysis of the PAHBC are presented in this paper and verified by a 340-400 V input and 50 V/500 W output laboratory prototype.
Pattern Recognition for Fault Diagnosis of Solar Power Inverter by Trajectory Image Understanding

This paper presents an approach based on pattern recognition to detect and diagnose faults of solar power inverter by its fault trajectory image understanding. The drive system for simulation is modeled using Matlab Simulink toolboxes. Solar power device uses control/filter structure to connect the pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. Multistage diagnosis factors are calculated from faults patterning procedure. It is based on the analysis of the vector trajectory and of the space syntax in faulty image mode.
Etude par simulations et calculs atomistiques, de la formation de dislocations aux défauts de surface dans un cristal de silicium soumis à des contrainte. (Study of dislocation nucleation from a surface step of a stressedsilicon crystal, by atomistic calculations)

Study of dislocation nucleation from a surface step of a stressed silicon crystal, by atomistic calculations : During this thesis, we have studied the dislocation nucleation from a surface step of a stressed silicon crystal. In order to determine the most appropriate inter-atomic potential for this study, we have compared the semi-empirical potentials of Stillinger-Weber (SW), Tersoff and EDIP with ab initio methods on the homogeneous shear calculations {111}〈110〉 of bulk silicon, and the generalized stacking fault energy along the {111} planes. The ab initio calculations show the strain localization in the shuffle set planes, and at large strains, that the covalent bonds of these planes become temporarily metallic. For our study, we have chosen the SW potential which is the most appropriate for representing these shear properties. With the inter-atomic potentials, mainly the SW potential, we have modelled a silicon crystal with surface steps which has been submitted to different stress orientations. The results show that the surface steps are privileged sites for the onset of plasticity. The strains analysis shows the dislocation nucleation, in particular perfect 60̊ ,slipping in the shuffle set planes. Moreover, the kind of the nucleated dislocation can be determined by the resolved shear stress along the glide planes and the Peierls stresses. No elastic shear is present in the plane where the nucleation will occur, conversely to metals, the non linear coupling between tension and shear stress of the glide planes being then relatively small in semi-conductors. This nucleation mechanism has been confirmed by an ab initio calculation, where a 60̊ dislocation has been nucleated in the shuffle set plane. Moreover, we have shown that the surface dangling bonds make easier the breaking/rebonding of the atomic bonds required for nucleation.
An Ontology-Based Approach to Estimate the Frequency of Rare Diseases in Narrative-Text Radiology Reports

This study sought to use ontology-based knowledge to identify patients with rare diseases and to estimate the frequency of those diseases in a large database of radiology reports. Natural language processing methods were applied to 12,377,743 narrarive-text radiology reports of 7,803,811 patients at an academic health system. Using knowledge from the Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology and Radiology Gamuts Ontology, 1,154 of 6,794 rare diseases (17.0%) were observed in a total of 237,840 patients (3.05%). Ninety of 2,129 diseases (4%) with known prevalence less than 1 per 1,000,000 were observed in the database, whereas 100 of 173 diseases (58%) with prevalence greater than 1 per 10,000 were observed; the difference was statistically significant (p < .00001). Automated ontology-based search of radiology reports can estimate the frequency of rare diseases, and those diseases with higher known prevalence were significantly more likely to appear in radiology reports.
How well do India's social service programs serve the poor?

Reaching India's poor calls for greatly improved social service delivery systems, better targeting of the poor, more coordination between agencies, policies aimed at income generation, and more involvement of the poor and of nongovernmental organizations. The authors of this paper found that India's social services were used relatively little by the poor. The health and education of the poor has improved but not as much for the population as a whole. The reasons that all social service programs did so little to alleviate poverty are similar. Physical access to education and health services has improved but inequalities exist because of biases in locating facilities. The access of the poor to housing, social security, and social welfare services has been limited because these services were inadequate relative to needs and because services leak to the nonpoor. Social service policies are not comprehensive enough and the quality of services is low. Issues common to the social sector delivery systems are weak management, ineffective targeting, and inflexible service delivery systems that result in a mismatch between perceived needs and services delivered. The bureaucracy is inadequate to reach the poor. Existing capacity and resources are inadequate, particularly for education and health.
Entrepreneurial Finance Perspective: Highlighting from the Supply Side

The emergence of the entrepreneurial finance theory in developing the financial theory was still relatively new. Up until the early 1990s, the topic of entrepreneurial finance was still rarely discussed, although actually many aspects could be explored more in-depth by academicians. There was no consensus about the definition of entrepreneurial finance. It can be mapped out that past literature studies or previous research just looked at entrepreneurial finance from the financing provider side (supply side). A supply-side test examined the fund provider (financier) perspective as a test center like formal and informal equity (venture, capitalists, angel investors, corporate venturing, crowdfunding), as well as formal and informal debt like bank debt, loans from friends and family members, and the release of other money (mezzanine) to develop start-up companies or micro, small, and medium enterprises. A synthetic meta-analysis in this research integrated and synthesized several qualitative research findings through better descriptions and facilitates the reconceptualization from a study. Based on this study, we found that actually there was still a lot of room from the topic of entrepreneurial finance to become future research, such as from the entrepreneur’s side (demand side) related with financial management or small enterprise development. JEL Classification: B10, B26, B30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i3. 2096
Visual Analysis of Robot and Animal Colonies

Micro-robotics calls for the development of tracking systems in order to study the movement of each micro-robot in a colony to answer questions about what they are doing and where and when they act (see Fig. 1). Moreover, micro-robots can be used to emulate social insect behaviour (Camazine et al., 2001) and study them through tracking experiments involving several miniature robots on a desktop table. Thus, principles of self-organization in these colonies, which were studied so far by analysis of a tremendous amount of insect trajectories and manual event counting, are now better understood by biologists thanks to robotics research.
One-Year Mortality for Bivalirudin vs Heparins Plus Optional Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor Treatment Started in the Ambulance for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Secondary Analysis of the EUROMAX Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Uncertainty exists regarding potential survival benefits of bivalirudin compared with heparin with routine or optional use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Few data are available regarding long-term mortality in the context of contemporary practice with frequent use of radial access and novel platelet adenosine diphosphate P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. Objective To assess the effect of bivalirudin monotherapy compared with unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin plus optional GPIs on 1-year mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This international, randomized, open-label clinical trial (EUROMAX [European Ambulance Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiography]) included 2198 patients with STEMI undergoing transport for primary percutaneous coronary intervention from March 10, 2010, through June 20, 2013, and followed up for 1 year. Patients were randomized (1:1) in ambulance to bivalirudin monotherapy vs unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin plus optional GPIs (control group). Analysis was based on intention to treat. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome of this prespecified analysis was 1-year mortality. All deaths were adjudicated as cardiac or noncardiac by an independent, blinded clinical events committee. One-year mortality was assessed and examined across multiple prespecified subgroups. Results Of the 2198 patients enrolled (1675 men [76.2%] and 523 women [23.8%]; median [interquartile range] age, 62 [52-72] years), complete 1-year follow-up data were available for 2164 (98.5%). All-cause 1-year mortality occurred in 118 patients (5.4%). The number of all-cause deaths was the same for both treatment groups (59 deaths; relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.72-1.45; P = .92). No differences were noted in the rates of 1-year cardiac death (44 [4.0%] for the bivalirudin group vs 48 [4.3%] for the control group; RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.63-1.39; P = .74) or noncardiac death (15 [1.4%] for the bivalirudin group vs 11 [1.0%] for the control group; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.64-3.01; P = .40). Results were consistent across the prespecified patient subgroups. The rate of deaths occurring from 30 days to 1 year was also similar (27 [2.5%] in the bivalirudin group vs 25 [2.3%] in the control group; RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.64-1.88; P = .73). Conclusions and Relevance In patients with STEMI who were being transported for primary percutaneous coronary intervention, treatment with bivalirudin or with heparin with optional use of GPI resulted in similar 1-year mortality. The reduced composite end point of death and/or major bleeding at 30 days in the bivalirudin arm of the EUROMAX trial did not translate into reduced cardiovascular or all-cause death at 1 year. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01087723
Acute kidney injury in critical illness

Critically ill adults are more extensively studied than children but are more likely to have comorbidities, complicating whether any kidney injury is primary or due to pre-existing disease. A multicentre, prospective, observational study examined the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) in the first 7 days and 28-day mortality in patients admitted to 32 paediatric intensive care units in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. The study was conducted over 3 months in 2014 in children expected to stay in intensive care unit for at least 48 h. A weakness of the study is that it included young adults and did not analyse children separately. The population included 4683 patients aged 3 months to 25 years (median 66 months, interquartile range 18.8–151.1 months). AKI was diagnosed based on estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine output and serum creatinine. Use of serum creatinine alone would not have identified two-thirds of oliguric patients. AKI occurred in 26.9% and was classified as severe in 11.6%. The mortality rate of patients with severe AKI was 11.0% and without severe AKI was 2.5%. The worst stage of acute AKI was associated with increases in mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy and duration of intensive care unit stay. Identifying AKI is important in order to avoid nephrotoxic drugs, and inadvertent over-hydration, and hopefully prevent chronic kidney disease.
Changes in penicillin-binding proteins during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis

The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Bacillus subtilis were examined in samples collected at various times from sporulating cultures and compared with the PBPs in a presporulation sample. Large increases in vegetative PBPs 2B and 3 and the appearance of at least one new PBP (42,000 daltons) occurred at reproducible times during sporulation. In some strains a second new PBP (60,000 daltons) was also produced. By comparing the PBP activities in sporulating cells and two spo0 mutants we have classified these changes as sporulation-related events rather than the consequences of stationary-phase aging. The other vegetative PBPs (PBPs 1, 2A, 4, and 5) decreased during sporulation, but not in sufficient amount or at the appropriate time to account for the appearance of the new proteins. A possible connection between specific PBP changes and the penicillin-sensitive stages of sporulation is suggested.
It Pays to Behave: Investigating Effective Classroom Management

The focus of this Capstone project is on improving the work ethic and engagement of students by reducing challenging behavior that comes with classroom transitions and management. This is an important issue for educators because when an instructor spends too much time redirecting students, a lot of crucial learning time can be lost. Consideration of the issue included the perspectives of the training and program specialist and child program assistants of the observed after school child care center. Based on the findings, action was taken to help refine the educational opportunities and help decrease challenging behavior during instruction time to help further student engagement.
Selective osteoblast mitogens can be extracted from prostatic tissue

Extracts of human prostatic carcinoma and of human benign prostatic hyperplasia were found to exhibit mitogenic activity in freshly isolated rat osteoblasts, rat fibroblasts, and osteoblast‐derived osteosarcoma cells. This activity was markedly reduced by tryptic digestion of extracts, indicating its protein nature. Results of bioassay studies suggested that the prostatic material was different from a number of known growth factors. Analysis by reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that extracts contained mitogenic activity for osteoblasts that was distinct from fibroblast‐stimulating activity. Such osteoblast growth factors could form the basis of the skeletal osteogenic response to metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Cancer survival and incidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

An overview of data on cancer at all sites combined and on selected, frequently occurring cancers is presented. Descriptive cancer statistics include average annual Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program incidence, U.S. mortality and median age at diagnosis, and death for the period 1996-2000. Changes during the time period 1992-2000 are summarized by the annual percent change in SEER incidence and U.S. mortality data for this period. Five-year relative survival for selected cancers is examined by stage at diagnosis, based on data from 1990-1999. In addition, 5-year conditional survival for patients already surviving for 1-3 years after diagnosis is discussed as well as relative survival for other time periods. These measures may be more meaningful for clinical management and prognosis than 5-year relative survival from time of diagnosis. The likelihood of developing cancer during one's lifetime is 1 in 2 for males and 1 in 3 for females, based on 1998-2000 data. It is estimated that approximately 9.6 million people in the U.S. who have had a diagnosis of cancer are alive. Five-year relative survival varies greatly by cancer site and stage at diagnosis, and tends to increase with time since diagnosis. The median age at cancer diagnosis is 68 for men and 65 for women. The 5-year relative survival rate for persons diagnosed with cancer is 62.7%, with variation by cancer site and stage at diagnosis. For patients diagnosed with cancers of the prostate, female breast, corpus uteri, and urinary bladder, the relative survival rate at 8 years is over 75%.
THE ESTIMATION OF PENICILLINS AND PENICILLIN DESTRUCTION

RESEARCH into the biological and chemical aspects of penicillin and its production has been actively pursued for almost 35 years ; the announcement of the production of the penicillin “nucleus”, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, on a commercially attractive scale (Batchelor, Doyle, Nayler and Rolinson, 1959) has given a tremendous stimulus to these studies in the past few years. With the increased range of penicillins now already available for clinical use, and the possibility of further compounds with new specificities in the future, there is a new need for a review of methods for estimating penicillins and penicillin-destroying enzymes. This review covers chemical, physical and microbiological methods and attempts to indicate which of these is most suitable for the varying needs of present day research in this field.