Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of high fields on MOS device and circuit performance

A simple analytical model for the MOS device characteristics including the effect of high vertical and horizontal fields on channel carrier velocity is presented. Analytical expressions for the drain current, saturation drain voltage, and transconductance are developed. These expressions are used to examine the effect of scaling the channel length, the gate dielectric thickness, and the bias voltage on device characteristics. Experimental results from various geometry MOS devices are used to verify the trends predicted by the model. Using the physical understanding provided by the model, we examine the effect of device geometry scaling on circuit performance. We suggest that for gate capacitance-limited circuits one should reduce the channel length, and for parasitic capacitance-limited circuits one should reduce the gate dielectric thickness to improve circuit performance.
Magnetic Resonant Beamforming for Secured Wireless Power Transfer

Magnetic resonance coupling (MRC) has been utilized in wireless power transfer (WPT) to achieve mid-range contactless power supply. However, unintended users might also draw power from the transmission devices. In this letter, an MRC-WPT system with multiple power transmitters, one intended power receiver, and one unintended power receiver is investigated. We formulate a power security problem by limiting the unintended receiving power and, at the same time, maximizing the power of the intended user. Such an optimization problem is in general nonconvex. Nevertheless, a global optimal solution can be efficiently achieved with the aid of semidefinite relaxation approach. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Child Sexual Abuse among Urban Secondary School Pupils : Impact of Family Characteristics and Family Structure

This study investigated the impact of family charac teristics and family structure as risk factors for sexual abuse among urban secondary school pupil s in Zimbabwe. It adopted a survey design as the operational framework for data gather ing. Data were collected from three secondary schools in the Gweru district of Zimbabwe . The sample comprised 268 secondary pupils (50 % female; mean age=15.42, SD=1.376). Dat a were gathered by administering the Child Abuse Screening Tool Children’s Version (ICAS T-C). Of the 268 respondents who completed the questionnaire, 151 reported having be en s xually abused in one or more ways before the age of 18 years, giving an overall preva lence rate of 56.3 %. Overall, the results show that the most important factors that were foun d to be consistently associated with child sexual abuse were parental absence, father’s absenc e, mother's education, parental domestic violence and parental substance abuse. Risk of any child sexual abuse was not associated with the existence of siblings, household size, parental occupation and father’s education. Policies should focus on supporting single mothers and paren ts who both work outside of the home to reduce the likelihood that children are left vulner able and at risk of being sexually abused.
Development , Applications , and Ethical Complications of CRISPR-Cas 9 System in Genome Editing

CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a newly developed tool for genome editing with unprecedented simplicity, versatility, and precision. Derived from ancient defense mechanism bacteria used to fight viruses, CRISPR is analogous to adaptive immunity in vertebrates by acting as a word processor in searching and correcting mistakes in DNA strands. Upon its discovery, scientists have harnessed and adopted it to plants, animals, and human embryos in the realm of biology, biotechnology, and medicine. While starting a huge wave of exploring its potential use in various areas, this revolutionary technology also raised fierce debates about human genome engineering since its further development and applications will significantly influence humanity. This review paper focuses on the development, applications, and ethical complications of CRISPR-Cas9 system as an efficient tool in genome editing. It may provide a tutorial base for chemical educators of this exciting field.
Adaptable consistency control mechanism for a mobility enabled file system

Most existing distributed file systems (DFS) implement a single consistency model to maintain one-copy equivalence. The functionality of that consistency model is based on a balance between environmental constraints and the targeted level of consistency. Such systems efficiently maintain consistency while the environmental capabilities remain constant, for example, presuming uninterrupted connectivity. However when these characteristics change, the inflexible nature of a single consistency model results in its inability, to maintain an expected balance between consistency and constraints. GLOMAR is a DFS middleware layer that allows application developers to map their specific consistency models to environmental constraints. As a result, multiple consistency models can be created, with each scoped for a particular application and environmental scenario. The paper outlines important aspects of GLOMAR, detailing its implementation and outlining a consistency model implementation based on Web services and the SOAP protocol.
The Convergence of Information Science and Communication: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study asks whether the disciplines of information science and communication are converging, as indicated by a bibliometric study of all core journals of both disciplines in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI®) for the period 1977 to 1987. Results show very little convergence between these disciplines, at least on the basis of cross‐disciplinary journal citation patterns, although the number of journals involved has increased slightly over time. A few journals are mainly responsible for the cross‐disciplinary citing, and they are primarily information science journals citing communication journals. The results may be of interest to those studying scholarly communication or bibliometrics, to faculty constructing curricula in either of the disciplines, to communication and information science scholars seeking new areas of research, and to collection development librarians in drawing the boundaries of these disciplines. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oxygen poisoning and x-irradiation: a mechanism in common.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews oxygen poisoning and X-irradiation. Exposure to unphysiologically high tensions of oxygen causes irreversible damage to living matter. The problem of oxygen toxicity is important in clinical medicine and in deep-sea diving. A consideration of various isolated reports leads to the hypothesis that oxygen poisoning and the primary action of X-irradiation have a common basis of action: possibly the formation of the oxidizing free radicals OH, and O2H, and H2O2. The evidence of a protective effect of coenzyme A against X-rays and against oxygen toxicity in experiments is incomplete and needs further studies. The chapter presents a table reporting the effect of X-rays and protective agents on oxygen poisoning in mice.
Toxoplasma exports dense granule proteins beyond the vacuole to the host cell nucleus and rewires the host genome expression

Toxoplasma gondii is the most widespread apicomplexan parasite and occupies a large spectrum of niches by infecting virtually any warm‐blooded animals. As an obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma has evolved a repertoire of strategies to fine‐tune the cellular environment in an optimal way to promote growth and persistence in host tissues hence increasing the chance to be transmitted to new hosts. Short and long‐term intracellular survival is associated with Toxoplasma ability to both evade the host deleterious immune defences and to stimulate a beneficial immune balance by governing host cell gene expression. It is only recently that parasite proteins responsible for driving these transcriptional changes have been identified. While proteins contained in the apical secretory Rhoptry organelle have already been identified as bona fide secreted effectors that divert host signalling pathways, recent findings revealed that dense granule proteins should be added to the growing list of effectors as they reach the host cell cytoplasm and nucleus and target various host cell pathways in the course of cell infection. Herein, we emphasize on a novel subfamily of dense granule residentproteins, exemplified with the GRA16 and GRA24 members we recently discovered as both are exported beyond the vacuole‐containing parasites and reach the host cell nucleus to reshape the host genome expression.
Nuestra elusiva diversidad religiosa: Cuestionando categorías y presupuestos teóricos

No se puede entender la diversidad religiosa argentina sin repensar o cuestionar seriamente la relevancia que adquiere, en los analisis que realizamos desde las ciencias sociales, la identidad religiosa de "catolico" que declara la mayoria de la poblacion -o mejor, la identificacion que realiza en las contadas veces en que se les pregunta acerca de su pertenencia religiosa. Es necesario comprender mejor: a) las consecuencias efectivas de dicha identificacion en las creencias y practicas de lo.
A Morphological Scheme for Inrush Identification in Transformer Protection

This paper presents a novel morphological scheme for the identification of transformer magnetizing inrush. The scheme decomposes a current signal into multiresolution levels based on synthesis and analysis operators of mathematical morphology. It is able to discriminate between inrush and internal fault currents even in the case of an inrush with a low second harmonic component and an internal fault current with a high second harmonic component. Simulation studies have been undertaken to evaluate the scheme based on a three-phase high-voltage power transformer operating under different conditions, which is simulated with an alternative transients program. The testing results show that the proposed scheme is able to identify inrush currents reliably and provides an alternative solution for transformer differential protection.
Research on a Fine-grained Access Control Mechanism for Cross-domain Grid

In grid environment, many resources can be shared. But the owner of the resource can decide, access, modify the access policy. Only legal user can access resources. Further, the communication activities in grid sometimes cross multi-domain. So a flexible secure access control mechanism is needed. After we have realized secure data exchange between communication parties in grid with the help of computer technology up to date, especially we focus on access control policy research. A access control structure for cross-domains grid which integrates X.509v4 PMI (privilege management infrastructure) with the XML security solution is presented. Further, a fine-grained access control mechanism, which has integrated the temporal KBAC in PMI is proposed. The corresponding temporal role assignment algorithm is given as a key technique. The access control mechanism improved the security of the system no matter the access comes from inside networks or outside networks.
How Hives Collapse: Allee Effects, Ecological Resilience, and the Honey Bee

We construct a mathematical model to quantify the loss of resilience in collapsing honey bee colonies due to the presence of a strong Allee effect. In the model, recruitment and mortality of adult bees have substantial social components, with recruitment enhanced and mortality reduced by additional adult bee numbers. The result is an Allee effect, a net per-individual rate of hive increase that increases as a function of adult bee numbers. The Allee effect creates a critical minimum size in adult bee numbers, below which mortality is greater than recruitment, with ensuing loss of viability of the hive. Under ordinary and favorable environmental circumstances, the critical size is low, and hives remain large, sending off viably-sized swarms (naturally or through beekeeping management) when hive numbers approach an upper stable equilibrium size (carrying capacity). However, both the lower critical size and the upper stable size depend on many parameters related to demographic rates and their enhancement by bee sociality. Any environmental factors that increase mortality, decrease recruitment, or interfere with the social moderation of these rates has the effect of exacerbating the Allee effect by increasing the lower critical size and substantially decreasing the upper stable size. As well, the basin of attraction to the upper stable size, defined by the model potential function, becomes narrower and shallower, indicating the loss of resilience as the hive becomes subjected to increased risk of falling below the critical size. Environmental effects of greater severity can cause the two equilibria to merge and the basin of attraction to the upper stable size to disappear, resulting in collapse of the hive from any initial size. The model suggests that multiple proximate causes, among them pesticides, mites, pathogens, and climate change, working singly or in combinations, could trigger hive collapse.
Potent Induction Immunotherapy Promotes Long‐Term Insulin Independence After Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes

The seemingly inexorable decline in insulin independence after islet transplant alone (ITA) has raised concern about its clinical utility. We hypothesized that induction immunosuppression therapy determines durability of insulin independence. We analyzed the proportion of insulin‐independent patients following final islet infusion in four groups of ITA recipients according to induction immunotherapy: University of Minnesota recipients given FcR nonbinding anti‐CD3 antibody alone or T cell depleting antibodies (TCDAb) and TNF‐α inhibition (TNF‐α‐i) (group 1; n = 29); recipients reported to the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) given TCDAb+TNF‐α‐i (group 2; n = 20); CITR recipients given TCDAb without TNF‐α‐i (group 3; n = 43); and CITR recipients given IL‐2 receptor antibodies (IL‐2RAb) alone (group 4; n = 177). Results were compared with outcomes in pancreas transplant alone (PTA) recipients reported to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (group 5; n = 677). The 5‐year insulin independence rates in group 1 (50%) and group 2 (50%) were comparable to outcomes in PTA (group 5: 52%; p>>0.05) but significantly higher than in group 3 (0%; p = 0.001) and group 4 (20%; p = 0.02). Induction immunosuppression was significantly associated with 5‐year insulin independence (p = 0.03), regardless of maintenance immunosuppression or other factors. These findings support potential for long‐term insulin independence after ITA using potent induction therapy, with anti‐CD3 Ab or TCDAb+TNF‐α‐i.
Complementarity and passivity for piecewise linear feedback systems

Piecewise linear feedback systems composed by a dynamical linear time invariant system closed in feedback through a static piecewise linear mapping are considered. By representing the closed loop system in the affine complementarity form, passivity is exploited in order to prove existence of absolute continuous solutions and stability of the equilibria. Assuming passivity of the open loop system and using results on equivalent circuit representations of piecewise linear mappings, conditions on the static feedback connection for preserving passivity in closed loop, are proposed and discussed
The clinical sequelae of intravascular hemolysis and extracellular plasma hemoglobin: a novel mechanism of human disease.

CONTEXT The efficient sequestration of hemoglobin by the red blood cell membrane and the presence of multiple hemoglobin clearance mechanisms suggest a critical need to prevent the buildup of this molecule in the plasma. A growing list of clinical manifestations attributed to hemoglobin release in a variety of acquired and iatrogenic hemolytic disorders suggests that hemolysis and hemoglobinemia should be considered as a novel mechanism of human disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Pertinent scientific literature databases and references were searched through October 2004 using terms that encompassed various aspects of hemolysis, hemoglobin preparations, clinical symptoms associated with plasma hemoglobin, nitric oxide in hemolysis, anemia, pulmonary hypertension, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and sickle-cell disease. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Hemoglobin is released into the plasma from the erythrocyte during intravascular hemolysis in hereditary, acquired, and iatrogenic hemolytic conditions. When the capacity of protective hemoglobin-scavenging mechanisms has been saturated, levels of cell-free hemoglobin increase in the plasma, resulting in the consumption of nitric oxide and clinical sequelae. Nitric oxide plays a major role in vascular homeostasis and has been shown to be a critical regulator of basal and stress-mediated smooth muscle relaxation and vasomotor tone, endothelial adhesion molecule expression, and platelet activation and aggregation. Thus, clinical consequences of excessive cell-free plasma hemoglobin levels during intravascular hemolysis or the administration of hemoglobin preparations include dystonias involving the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and urogenital systems, as well as clotting disorders. Many of the clinical sequelae of intravascular hemolysis in a prototypic hemolytic disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, are readily explained by hemoglobin-mediated nitric oxide scavenging. CONCLUSION A growing body of evidence supports the existence of a novel mechanism of human disease, namely, hemolysis-associated smooth muscle dystonia, vasculopathy, and endothelial dysfunction.
Comparison of singular and modular structures of multiport converters for residential applications in smart grids

This paper provides a systematic study on characteristics of a multiport converter with application in residential consumers of smart grid. The proposed converter can be used as a part of renewable energy system both in off-grid and grid connected customers. The study included several characteristics like efficiency, cost, reliability, flexibility and complexity of converters. Finally, the appropriate range of power and the modular structure are selected for the multiport converter. It is shown that a modular structure is preferable for residential consumers as it covers a wide range of demands. It also improves the reliability of renewable energy system especially in case of off-grid customers.
Which reconstructive procedures are effective for treating the periodontal intraosseous defect?

Deep intraosseous defects represent a major challenge for the clinician. Sites with intraosseous lesions have been shown to be at higher risk of disease progression in subjects who had not received systematic periodontal therapy (78). Treatments of intrabony defects include scaling and root planing with or without surgical access flap. When the periodontal debridement is surgically performed, additional osseous resective therapy and ⁄ or reconstructive therapy by means of the application of membranes, biological agents or grafting biomaterials can be used to correct the bone deformities induced by destructive periodontal disease. In this respect, reconstructive procedures have been used with varying success during the past decades to accomplish the restitutio ad integrum of lost attachment apparatus in deep intraosseous defects. Although observations from histologic studies in humans (6, 19, 41, 105, 125) and data from controlled clinical trials have demonstrated that some of the available grafting procedures may result in healing that can be termed periodontal regeneration, complete and predictable reconstruction of periodontal tissues is still difficult to obtain. Despite the widely accepted effectiveness of the reconstructive procedures previously documented (28, 36, 89), there is a substantial variation in clinical response that can only in part be attributed to the biomaterials ⁄ biological agents adopted (54). Several traditional reviews have previously reported the additional effect of the use of different reconstructive procedures in intraosseous defects
Traffic Differentiation - A Basic Step Towards Providing End-to-End QoS on the Train-to-Wayside Wireless Communication System

We developed a network platform that is responsible for an uninterrupted and seamless connectivity from the train to the wayside through heterogeneous wireless access technologies. However, limiting the offered services to only an onboard Internet is not a feasible business case. A viable one should extend to a broad spectrum of railway communication services like: train control, diagnostics, real time passenger information, entertainment, security CCTV surveillance etc. In a highly dynamic environment (from the communication link point of view) such a fast moving train, it is necessary to introduce prioritization among different traffic classes. This will implicitly determine under what conditions a certain flow should get suspended or dropped in order to preserve the flows of a higher priority as long as possible and to ensure that they meet their QoS demands. The first step towards this goal is data traffic differentiation.
Derivation of the Visual Contrast Response Function by Maximizing Information Rate

A graph of neural output as a function of the logarithm of stimulus intensity often produces an S-shaped function, which is frequently modeled by the hyperbolic ratio equation. The response of neurons in early vision to stimuli of varying contrast is an important example of this. Here, the hyperbolic ratio equation with a response exponent of two is derived exactly by considering the balance between information rate and the neural costs of making that information available, where neural costs are a function of synaptic strength and spike rate. The maximal response and semisaturation constant of the neuron can be related to the stimulus ensemble and therefore shift accordingly to exhibit contrast gain control and normalization.
Development and psychometric testing of a trans-professional evidence-based practice profile questionnaire

Background: Previous survey tools operationalising knowledge, attitudes or beliefs about evidence-based practice (EBP) have shortcomings in content, psychometric properties and target audience. Aims: This study developed and psychometrically assessed a self-report trans-professional questionnaire to describe an EBP profile. Methods: Sixty-six items were collated from existing EBP questionnaires and administered to 526 academics and students from health and non-health backgrounds. Principal component factor analysis revealed the presence of five factors (Relevance, Terminology, Confidence, Practice and Sympathy). Following expert panel review and pilot testing, the 58-item final questionnaire was disseminated to 105 subjects on two occasions. Test–retest and internal reliability were quantified using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cronbach's alpha, convergent validity against a commonly used EBP questionnaire by Pearson's correlation coefficient and discriminative validity via analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on exposure to EBP training. Results: The final questionnaire demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.96), test–retest reliability (ICCs range 0.77–0.94) and convergent validity (Practice 0.66, Confidence 0.80 and Sympathy 0.54). Three factors (Relevance, Terminology and Confidence) distinguished EBP exposure groups (ANOVA p < 0.001–0.004). Conclusion: The evidence-based practice profile (EBP2) questionnaire is a reliable instrument with the ability to discriminate for three factors, between respondents with differing EBP exposures.