Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimates of the cost and length of stay changes that can be attributed to one-week increases in gestational age for premature infants

Objective:To estimate the potential savings,both in terms of costs and lengt hs of stay,of one-week increases in gestational age for premature infants.The purpose is to provide population-based data that can be used to assess the pot ential savings of interventions that delay premature delivery.Data:Cohort data for all births in California in 1998-2000 that linked vital records data with those from hospital discharge abstracts,including those of neonatal transport.All infants with a gestational age between 24 and 37 weeks were included.There were 193,167 infants in the sample after deleting cases with incomplete data or gestational age that was inconsistent with birth weight.Methods:Hospital costs were estimated by adjusting charges by hospital-specific costs-to-charges ra tios.Data were aggregated across transport into episodes of care.Mean and medi an potential savings were calculated for increasing gestational age,in one-wee k intervals.The 25th and 75th percentiles were used to estimate ranges.Results :The results are presented in matrix format,for starting gestational ages of 24-34 weeks,with ending gestational ages of 25 to 37 weeks.Costs and lengths of stay decreased with gestational age from a med ian of ＄216,814(92 days)at 24 weeks to ＄591(2 days)at 37 weeks.The potent ial savings from delaying premature labor are quite large;the median savings fo r a 2 week increase in gestational age were between ＄28,870 and ＄64,021 for ge stational ages below 33 weeks,with larger savings for longer delays in delivery.Delaying deliveries 29 weeks to term(37 weeks)resulted in savings of over ＄122,000 per case,with the savings being over ＄206,000 for deliveries 26 we eks.Conclusions:These results provide population-based data that can be appli ed to clinical trials data to assess the impacts on costs and lengths of stay of interventions that delay premature labor.They show that the potential savings of delaying premature labor are quite large,especially for extremely premature deliveries.
Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from food consumption: methods and results

A large share of global greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions comes from food production and consumption. Measuring the total footprint of world diets remains however a challenge. The main reason is the lack of harmonization on consumption based emission accounting methods. While a few estimates are available, their results are often hardly comparable, may be rather different and sometimes contradictory. n this study “Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from food consumption: methods and results”, I4CE presents the range of consumption based emission accounting methods, their benefits or limits, and their results.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Steam Power Plant 3rd Unit PT PLN (PERSERO) Centre Unit Generation Tanjung Jati B Use BFP-T Modification Cycle

Steam power plant Generation of Tanjung Jati B 3rd unit has a capacity of 660 MW. The power plant operational in 2011, because of the long operation process, there will be a decrease in performance. The plant needs to be researched to analyze the performance and losses that occurs in the power plant. Because this also affects the environment if the efficiency of the power plant is high, it can reduce the use of coal. Because coal becomes air pollution and environmental pollution, which can cause acid rain, water pollution, and global warming. This research is used to analyze energy and exergy on the components of a steam power plant. From the results of this research, the largest of destruction exergy boiler is 881.08 MW and the exergetic efficiency is 48.66%. While the rate of the smallest destruction exergy in LPH 3 is 0.6 MW and the exergetic efficiency is 94.45%. The contribution of the largest Losses energy in the boiler is 231 MW and energetic efficiency is 87.05%. While the contribution of the smallest energy Losses in HPH 6 is 0.74 MW and energetic efficiency is 99.23%.
Hot and Heterogenous High‐3He/4He Components: New Constraints From Proto‐Iceland Plume Lavas From Baffin Island

The Icelandic hotspot has erupted basaltic magma with the highest mantle‐derived 3He/4He over a period spanning much of the Cenozoic, from the early‐Cenozoic Baffin Island‐West Greenland flood basalt province (49.8 RA), to mid‐Miocene lavas in northwest Iceland (40.2 to 47.5 RA), to Pleistocene lavas in Iceland's neovolcanic zone (34.3 RA). The Baffin Island lavas transited through and potentially assimilated variable amounts of Precambrian continental basement. We use geochemical indicators sensitive to continental crust assimilation (Nb/Th, Ce/Pb, MgO) to identify the least crustally contaminated lavas. Four lavas, identified as “least crustally contaminated,” have high MgO (>15 wt.%), and Nb/Th and Ce/Pb that fall within the mantle range (Nb/Th = 15.6 ± 2.6, Ce/Pb = 24.3 ± 4.3). These lavas have 87Sr/86Sr = 0.703008–0.703021, 143Nd/144Nd = 0.513094–0.513128, 176Hf/177Hf = 0.283265–0.283284, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.7560–17.9375, 3He/4He up to 39.9 RA, and mantle‐like δ18O of 5.03–5.21‰. The radiogenic isotopic compositions of the least crustally contaminated lavas are more geochemically depleted than Iceland high‐3He/4He lavas, a shift that cannot be explained by continental crust assimilation in the Baffin suite. Thus, we argue for the presence of two geochemically distinct high‐3He/4He components within the Iceland plume. Additionally, the least crustally contaminated primary melts from Baffin Island‐West Greenland have higher mantle potential temperatures (1510 to 1630 °C) than Siqueiros mid‐ocean ridge basalts (1300 to 1410 °C), which attests to a hot, buoyant plume origin for early Iceland plume lavas. These observations support the contention that the geochemically heterogeneous high‐3He/4He domain is dense, located in the deep mantle, and sampled by only the hottest plumes.
Teleseismic Scattered‐Wave Imaging Using a Large‐N Array in the Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico

The advent of low‐cost continuously recording cable‐free autonomous seismographs, commonly referred to as nodes, enables dense spatiotemporal sampling of seismic wavefields. We create virtual source reflection profiles using P waves from five teleseismic events recorded by the Sevilleta node array experiment in the southern Albuquerque basin. The basin geology records a structurally complex history, including multiple Phanerozoic orogenies, Rio Grande rift extension, and ongoing uplift from a midcrustal magma body. The Sevilleta experiment densified the long term, regionally sparse seismograph network with 801 single channel vertical‐component 10 Hz geophone nodes deployed at ∼300 m spacing for 14 days in February 2015. Results show sediment‐basement reflections at <5 km depth and numerous sub‐basin structures. Comparisons to legacy crustal‐scale reflection images from the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling show agreement with structural geometries in the rift basin and upper crust. Comparisons of the teleseismic virtual reflection profiles to synthetic tests using 2D finite‐difference elastic wave propagation show strong P‐to‐Rayleigh scattering from steep basin edges. These high‐amplitude conversions dominate the record sections near the western rift margin and originate at the Loma Pelada fault, which acts as the primary contact between rift‐bounding basement‐cored fault blocks and rift basin sediments. At near offsets, these signals may interfere with interpretation of upper crustal structure, but their relatively slow moveout compared to teleseismic P‐wave multiples provides clear temporal separation from sediment‐basement reflections across most of the array. The high‐signal‐to‐noise ratio of these converted Rayleigh‐wave signals suggests that they may be useful for constraining short‐period (∼1 Hz) dispersion with strong sensitivity in the uppermost ∼1 km of the rift basin sediments.
Detrital zircon age and Sr isotopic constraints for a Late Palaeozoic carbonate platform in the lower Rhodope thrust system, Pirin, SW Bulgaria

Abstract We focused on the Pirin–Pangeon–Thasos carbonate sequence of the Rhodope thrust system, combining Sr isotopes from marble with U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from interlayered schists with outcrop near the villages of Ilindentsi and Petrovo in Bulgaria. The youngest zircon age at Ilindentsi is 266 Ma, i.e. Middle Permian, while the youngest zircon at Petrovo yielded an age of 290 Ma, i.e. Early Permian. Strontium isotopes range from 0.707420 to 0.707653, and are consistent with a Middle Permian maximum depositional age. Middle Permian sedimentation of this carbonate platform most likely occurred along the Eurasian margin rather than the Gondwana margin.
The Role of Exercise in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with an incidence and prevalence that is increas- ing worldwide, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that the incidence and prevalence of T2DM will continue to increase globally, and unless urgent action is taken, this problem will continue to have direct consequences on the patient and the healthcare system. It has been shown that changes in lifestyle - regular exercise, healthy weight and eating habits - can prevent the development of T2DM mainly in high-risk patients, provided that physical activity is designed and performed in a similar fashion to that of successful cohort studies. Likewise, regular aerobic exercise and strength training in patients with prediabetes are critical in the management, control and prognosis of this condition, and have many benefits, not only for blood glucose control but also for cardiovascular, metabolic, anthropometric parameters, and even for cardiovascular-related mortality and all-causes mortality. For all these reasons, this review includes an overview of diabetes, the role of exercise in the prevention of T2DM, with its protective mechanisms, and it also provides some evidence-based recommendations for preventing T2DM with regular exercise. Rev Argent Endocrinol Metab 50:192-198, 2013
Digital geoscience atlas of Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland and Labrador

The Baie Verte Peninsula is located in the northern Appalachians of Newfoundland. It is underlain by the ancestral Laurentian continental margin (Humber zone), the accreted (Taconic Orogeny) Cambrian Baie Verte Oceanic Tract and its Ordovician ophiolite volcano-sedimentary cover. These three marine successions were intruded by late Ordovician to Silurian felsic plutons and associated subaerial volcanic cover emplaced prior to, and during the Salinic Orogeny. There is a long history of mineral exploration and mining on the Baie Verte Peninsula, with the most important commodities being gold, copper and asbestos. To assist in the understanding and exploration of this geologically diverse region, the Baie Verte digital geoscience atlas, a companion output to three previously released Canadian Geoscience Maps, contains GIS datasets including new and compiled bedrock geology (with 1:50,000 pdf maps). These are combined with compiled structural geology, geochronology (U/Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar), lithogeochemistry, metallogeny (mines and drilled prospects), reprocessed aeromagnetic survey data (government and industry survey data), a digital elevation model, and base-map data (topography, hydrographic etc.). These GIS data are compatible with a number of GIS platforms, and have also been organized into a project suitable for viewing via ESRI® ArcReader TM (links provided).
High‐Speed Solar Wind Streams in 2007–2008: Turning on the Russell‐McPherron Effect

Two sequences of five high‐speed solar wind stream/corotating interaction region (HSS/CIR) events were observed at 1 AU in December 2007–2008. These two HSS/CIR sequences had opposite magnetic polarities, and they originated from two persistent low‐latitude coronal holes with corresponding polarities. Each HSS/CIR event triggered a geomagnetic storm and strong high‐latitude activity. We follow the evolution of the properties and geomagnetic effects of the two sequences and find that the sequence with negative interplanetary magnetic field polarity (toward sector) develops systematically a more negative Bz(GSM) component and becomes relatively more geoeffective when moving from winter solstice in 2007 to spring equinox in 2008. On the other hand, the sequence with positive polarity (away sector) develops systematically a less negative Bz(GSM) component and becomes relatively less geoeffective. These changes allow the first detailed monitoring of the turning on of the Russell‐McPherron effect when moving from solstice to equinox and the development of the related changes in high‐latitude geomagnetic activity and geomagnetic storms.
The Atlas of Reptiles of Iran. Omid Mozaffari, Kamran Kamali and Hadi Fahimi. 2016. Iran Department of the Environment, Tehran. 361 pp.

Herpetology in Iran is alive and well and experiencing an unprecedented period of productivity. Consequently, in recent years there have been several books dealing with the reptiles of Iran. Among these are works by Rastegar-Pouyani et al. (2007), Kamali (2017) and Rajabizadeh (2018). Although each of these makes a valuable contribution, these books were published in Farsi only, limiting their usefulness to those outside of Iran.
Plateaus and jumps in the atmospheric radiocarbon record – potential origin and value as global age markers for glacial-to-deglacial paleoceanography, a synthesis

Abstract. Changes in the geometry of ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are crucial in controlling past changes of climate and the carbon inventory of the atmosphere. However, the accurate timing and global correlation of short-term glacial-to-deglacial changes of MOC in different ocean basins still present a major challenge. The fine structure of jumps and plateaus in atmospheric and planktic radiocarbon (14C) concentration reflects changes in atmospheric 14C production, ocean–atmosphere 14C exchange, and ocean mixing. Plateau boundaries in the atmospheric 14C record of Lake Suigetsu, now tied to Hulu Cave U∕Th model ages instead of optical varve counts, provide a stratigraphic “rung ladder” of up to 30 age tie points from 29 to 10 cal ka for accurate dating of planktic oceanic 14C records. The age differences between contemporary planktic and atmospheric 14C plateaus record the global distribution of 14C reservoir ages for surface waters of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and deglacial Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS-1), as documented in 19 and 20 planktic 14C records, respectively. Elevated and variable reservoir ages mark both upwelling regions and high-latitude sites covered by sea ice and/or meltwater. 14C ventilation ages of LGM deep waters reveal opposed geometries of Atlantic and Pacific MOC. Like today, Atlantic deep-water formation went along with an estuarine inflow of old abyssal waters from the Southern Ocean up to the northern North Pacific and an outflow of upper deep waters. During early HS-1, 14C ventilation ages suggest a reversed MOC and ∼1500-year flushing of the deep North Pacific up to the South China Sea, when estuarine circulation geometry marked the North Atlantic, gradually starting near 19 ka. High 14C ventilation ages of LGM deep waters reflect a major drawdown of carbon from the atmosphere. The subsequent major deglacial age drop reflects changes in MOC accompanied by massive carbon releases to the atmosphere as recorded in Antarctic ice cores. These new features of MOC and the carbon cycle provide detailed evidence in space and time to test and refine ocean models that, in part because of insufficient spatial model resolution and reference data, still poorly reproduce our data sets.
All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the second Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

We present the results of a search for short-duration gravitational-wave transients in the data from the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. We search for gravitational-wave transients with a duration of milliseconds to approximately one second in the 32-4096 Hz frequency band with minimal assumptions about the signal properties, thus targeting a wide variety of sources. We also perform a matched-filter search for gravitational-wave transients from cosmic string cusps for which the waveform is well-modeled. The unmodeled search detected gravitational waves from several binary black hole mergers which have been identified by previous analyses. No other significant events have been found by either the unmodeled search or the cosmic string search. We thus present search sensitivity for a variety of signal waveforms and report upper limits on the source rate-density as function of the characteristic frequency of the signal. These upper limits are a factor of three lower than the first observing run, with a $50\%$ detection probability for gravitational-wave emissions with energies of $\sim10^{-9}M_\odot c^2$ at 153 Hz. For the search dedicated to cosmic string cusps we consider several loop distribution models, and present updated constraints from the same search done in the first observing run.
The Spatial Distributionof Tourist Sites in Samosir, North Sumatera

The spatial distributions of tourist sites is one of basic components to formulating the tourism development policy based on their characteristics and promote tourist sites. GIS technology very helpfull to develop many kinds of sectors including tourism sectors. This research aims to map the distribution of tourist sites in Samosir District. The data used are compiled from observation and survey. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using Arc GIS software to obtain the map of tourist sites in Samosir District. The results reveals that almost 75 tourist attractions spread in 9 subdistricts in Samosir. Distribution of most sites is located mostly in the subdistrict of Simanindo and least in Sitiotio District. Tourism supporting infrastructure facilities such as hotels and other accommodations are also most in Simanindo District.
Drought Event Analysis and Projection of Future Precipitation Scenario in Abaya Chamo Sub-Basin, Ethiopia

Monthly observed and future precipitation magnitudes were subjected to statistical trend analysis to examine possible time series behavior. Future precipitation was downscaled from large-scale output through statistical downscaling. The observed and downscaled future precipitation was analyzed for drought events using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method. In the Abaya Chamo sub-basin, Ethiopia precipitation is explained by below average magnitudes in most of the low land area, characterized by moderate to extreme drought episodes. Nine drought events were discerned during the period of 1988 to 2015, i.e. once in three years, resulting in harvest failure and subsequent food insecurity. The NCEP-NCAR and CanESM2 model predictors were used to statistically downscale the precipitation data. The monthly observed and downscaled precipitation magnitudes were in good agreement. The RCP-2.6, RCP-4.5 and RCP-8.5 long-term future scenarios were computed to evaluate future drought patterns. The mean annual precipitation scenario decreased by 0.2% to 13.7%, 0.5% to 6.4% and 0.1% to 1.3% for the period from 2016 to 2040, 2050s and 2080s respectively. The increase in mean precipitation was projected to be 0.7% to 12.2%, 0.2% to 11.7% and 0.1% to 17.8% for the period from 2016 to 2040, 2050s and 2080s respectively. The present analysis may provide useful information associated to drought events to decision makers and can be used as a basis for future research in this area.
DPP-4 Inhibitors as Potential Candidates for Antihypertensive Therapy: Improving Vascular Inflammation and Assisting the Action of Traditional Antihypertensive Drugs

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an important protease that is widely expressed on the surface of human cells and plays a key role in immune-regulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, cell adhesion, and apoptosis by targeting different substrates. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are commonly used as hypoglycemic agents. However, in addition to their hypoglycemic effect, DPP-4i have also shown potent activities in the cardiovascular system, particularly in the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Previous studies have shown that the regulatory actions of DPP-4i in controlling BP are complex and that the mechanisms involved include the functional activities of the nerves, kidneys, hormones, blood vessels, and insulin. Recent work has also shown that inflammation is closely associated with the elevation of BP, and that the inhibition of DPP-4 can reduce BP by regulating the function of the immune system, by reducing inflammatory reactions and by improving oxidative stress. In this review, we describe the potential anti-hypertensive effects of DPP-4i and discuss potential new anti-hypertensive therapies. Our analysis indicated that DPP-4i treatment has a mild anti-hypertensive effect as a monotherapy and causes a significant reduction in BP when used in combined treatments. However, the combination of DPP-4i with high-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can lead to increased BP. We suggest that DPP-4i improves vascular endothelial function in hypertensive patients by suppressing inflammatory responses and by alleviating oxidative stress. In addition, DPP-4i can also regulate BP by activating the sympathetic nervous system, interfering with the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), regulating Na/H2O metabolism, and attenuating insulin resistance (IR).
Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in chondrocytes of articular cartilages in human advanced osteoarthritis

Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible factor factor-1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in chondrocytes of articular cartilages in human advanced osteoarthritis(OA),and explore the role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of OA.Methods Articular cartilage specimens were obtained from 18 patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA) undergoing total knee joint replacement,and KOA weight-bearing group(medial femoral condyle,with severe abrasion) and KOA relative non-weight-bearing group(lateral femoral condyle,with moderate abrasion) were divided.Besides,articular cartilage specimens from 5 patients undergoing amputation for bone malignant neoplasms of femur proximal end and shaft of femur were served as control group.HE staining,Safranin O staining and Mankin scoring were performed to observe and evaluate the histological characteristics of articular cartilages of each group,immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in the chondrocytes of articular cartilages,and the numbers of chondrocytes with positive expression of HIF-1α or VEGF were counted.Results The Mankin score of KOA weight-bearing group(12.36 ±0.84) were significantly higher than those of KOA relative non-weight-bearing group(7.23 ± 0.32) and control group(0.88 ± 0.15)(P 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the numbers of chondrocytes with positive expression of HIF-1α or VEGF in KOA weight-bearing group(4.81 ± 0.62 and 5.67 ± 0.32,respectively) were significantly higher than those in KOA relative non-weight-bearing group(2.37 ± 0.68 and 4.87 ± 0.33,respectively) and control group(0.78 ± 0.14 and 2.02 ± 0.45,respectively)(P 0.05). Conclusion The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein increases in chondrocytes of articular cartilages of advanced OA,and the upregulation of expression of VEGF may be the regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of OA.