Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Técnicas para superação da dormência de sementes de guanandi

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar tipos de preparo de sementes de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense), com vistas a superacao da dormencia fisica e mecânica, e verificar a influencia da temperatura e do substrato sobre a germinacao. Foram avaliados tres substratos (papel, areia e vermiculita), duas temperaturas de germinacao (25 e 30oC) e quatro tipos de preparo das sementes: sementes integras; sementes nuas, sem tegumento e endocarpo; sementes com punctura no endocarpo, na regiao proxima ao eixo embrionario ou na regiao oposta ao eixo embrionario; e sementes cortadas a 1/3 da regiao oposta ao eixo embrionario. Foram realizados testes de vigor (indice de velocidade de germinacao e emergencia de plântulas em campo), e a curva de embebicao foi obtida para os diferentes tipos de preparo da semente. A retirada total do envoltorio (endocarpo e tegumento) e necessaria para a completa superacao da dormencia fisica e mecânica das sementes de guanandi. A germinacao das sementes deve ser realizada em substrato papel a temperatura de 30oC.
Involvement of pectolytic micro‐organisms in coffee fermentation

Summary During the fermentation of CoAea arabica L. , the most frequently found pectolytic bacteria were Erwinia herbicola and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These micro-organisms produce pectatelyase which is unable to depolymerize esterified pectins of mucilage without previous de-esterification. Furthermore, the optimal activities are observed at pH 8.5 whereas fermentation conditions are acidic (5.3‐3.5). The major lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, do not produce pectolytic enzymes. Only a Lactobacillus brevis strain, rarely isolated with a low frequency, shows a polygalacturonase activity compatible with fermentation conditions. Mucilage decomposition seems to be correlated to acidification and not to enzymatic pectolysis. Inoculation with pectolytic micro-organisms allows microbiological control of the fermentation but does not speed up the process. It would be preferable to use lactic acid bacteria so that the pH remained as close as possible to natural fermentation, where acidification is important. This practice would standardize the coAee fermentation microflora and therefore control the end product quality.
Caffeoyl and Flavonoid Compounds in Scolymus hispanicus

I Reynolds, G. W. (1950) The Aloes ofSouthAfrica, 4th edn. 1982, The Aloes of South Africa Book Found, Johanneshurg, RSA; (1966) The Aloes of Tropical Africa and Madagascar, The Aloes Book Found, Mbabane, Swaziland. 2 jacobsen, H. (1981) Das Sukkulentenlexikon, 2nd edn. , pp. 57—94, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. 3 Rauh, W. (1990, Heidelberg): personal communication; as advisor in the Aloe classification according Ref. (2). 4 Reynolds, T. (1985) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 90, 157—177. 5 ProdOhl-C. p., 5. (1990) Diplomarbeit, Universität Frankfurt am Main. 6 Rauwald, H. W. (1982) Arch. Pharm. 315, 769—772.
Endomycorrhizae of isoetids along a biogeochemical gradient

Endomycorrhizae of aquatic plants may be important in phosphorus uptake and carbon exchange in lakes, but the environmental controls on mycorrhizal distribution are not known. We examined biogeochemical variables that were correlated with aquatic endomycorrhizae of isoetid‐type macrophytes in an oligotrophic, softwater lake. Endomycorrhizal infection was greatest in the shallow stations with high sediment redox potential and lowest in the deeper stations where there was low redox potential and high sediment organic content and porewater P levels. There was a significant 0. = +0.93, P < 0.05) positive correlation between percentage of hyphal infection of the roots and a root ergosterol (a specific fungal sterol) index determined per root mass. Fungal vesicle infection was also positively correlated with the root ergosterol index, although not significantly (r = +0.76, P = 0.14). Furthermore, the root ergosterol index was significantly correlated with plant rosette density (r = +0.97, P < 0.03. An increase in rosette density of isoetids increases the number of lacunae transporting oxygen to the roots, perhaps increasing fungal infection. The root ergosterol index was also significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with sediment redox status, porewater phosphate, solid phase iron‐bound P, exchangeable inorganic P, and inorganic adsorbed P There were no significant correlations between above‐ or belowground biomass or porewater NH4+ with the root ergosterol index, and porewater DOC was weakly correlated (P = 0.08) with the ergosterol index. Isoctid‐type plants are common in oligotrophic softwater lakes, and knowledge of environmental variables that are associated with endomycorrhizae will facilitate in management and restoration of these types of submersed vegetation.
Dry zone forests of Fiji: Species composition, life history traits, and conservation

Abstract Species composition and life history traits of trees in native forests in the dry zone of Fiji were investigated. areas receiving less than 2500 mm yr‐1of rain and covered with native forest were identified using maps, aerial photographs, estimated climate (WorldClim), and field reconaissance. Ten forest remnants were identified and species lists and data on natural history and disturbance were compiled. Cluster analysis and DECORANA identified two principal forest types, moist forest (MF) and tropical dry forest (TDF), each defined by unique climate, species composition, and tree life history characteristics. TDF (reported for the first time from Fiji) has a pronounced dry season (5 consecutive months with < 100 mm rainfall each) and several deciduous canopy species. MF lacks a pronounced dry season and has few deciduous species. The amount and variability of rainfall seem to influence the type of forest in a particular location and disturbance is negatively correlated with precipitation. TDF are probably Fiji's most endangered ecosystems.
Factors Influencing Yeast Fermentation and the Effect of LMW Sugars and Yeast Fermentation on Hearth Bread Quality

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate how wheat cultivar, growth location, type of mill, LMW sugar composition of wheat flours, mixing time, and type of mixer affected yeast fermentation. Also studied was the effect of yeast fermentation and LMW sugar composition on hearth bread quality. To achieve this, 36 different flours were produced from two different mills using six different wheat cultivars grown at three locations. Yeast fermentation in doughs, measured as gas production, was determined using realtime pressure measurements and GasSmart software. A short mixograph mixing or spatula mixing was not efficient enough to rehydrate instant dry yeast. Compressed yeast and a short mixing time were enough to reach maximum fermentation rate. Maximum pressure after 210 min of fermentation was higher for instant dry yeast than for compressed yeast. Wheat cultivar and growth location had a significant effect on LMW sugar composition. Wheat cultivar, growth location, and type of mill used signifi.
Woody species of a semi-arid community are only moderately resistant to cavitation

Vulnerability to drought-induced cavitation and seasonal water relations of six shrub species with different functional traits (deep v. superficial roots; evergreen v. summer deciduous; leaves v. cladodes) were measured in a semi-arid plant community strongly limited by water availability. The underlying hypotheses were that species would differ in their hydraulic properties and resistance to drought, reflecting different adaptations to a common environment and that individual adaptations may involve tradeoffs that would cause hydraulic properties to co-vary. Species experiencing the lowest minimum leaf water potentials generally had lower stomatal conductance, but they were not more resistant to xylem embolism than species with higher leaf water potentials and stomatal conductance. Overall, the studied species were more vulnerable to xylem embolism than expected and experienced high rates of native embolism and percent of leafless branches during summer drought. However, recovery rates from leafless branches were also high. Xylem resistance to embolism varied between species but had no relationship with minimum leaf water potential, suggesting that (i) adaptation to arid environments does not necessarily imply high resistance to embolism; and (ii) the costs associated with embolism resistance can be compensated by other components of the hydraulic strategy of a given species.
Expression of the MRP and MDRI Multidrug Resistance Gene Products in 160 Untreated Human Carcinomas Studied by Immunohistochemical Methods in Formalin-Paraffin Sections

An immunohistochemical method was developed and applied to detect multidrug resistance related protein (MRP) in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tissues. Monoclonal antibodies MRPm6, MRPrl, and QCRL-1 were used on sections of paraffin-embedded cell pellets of known MRP expression (HL60, HT1080, HeLa). None of the antibodies succeeded without pretreatment, but microwave epitope retrieval with 6M urea resulted in excellent specific staining with MRPm6. Moderate or weak staining was seen with MRPrl and QCRL-1. Various carcinomas were tested for MRP with MRPm6, and for MDRl P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression with MAb JSB-1, by our previously described method (Am J Pathol 144:227-236, 1994) to investigate the possible coexpression of multidrug resistance markers in the same solid tumor. The incidence of positive immunoreactions/case with MRPm6 and JSB-1 respectively, in various human cancers was as follows: lung, 15 and two of 26; esophagus, eight and two of 15; head and neck, nine and one of 27; colorectal, 13 and 11 of 20; breast, 25 and 23 of 55; bladder, 0 and 0 of seven; ovarian, 0 and 0 of 10 cases. The overall incidence of MRP expression in these tumors was higher 70/160 (44%) than that of Pgp 41/160 (26%). Among Pgp-negative tumors 38% proved to be MRP positive. Coexpression of MRP and Pgp was found in 25/160 cases (16%), which is statistically significant (p=.0 17). A relatively higher incidence of strong MRP-positive staining was found in lung and esophageal cancers (4/26 and 5/15); otherwise staining was weak to moderate. No detectable MRP was found in stromal cells and in normal organs. Thus, MRPm6 by this method allows detection of MRP overexpression versus normal cells in paraffin sections of archived surgical specimens for investigation of the clinical significance of MRP.
Analisis Kadar Natrium Benzoat Pada Bumbu Jahe Giling (Zingiber officinale) Di Pasar Tradisional Jambi

Jahe giling merupakan bumbu giling yang berasal dari jahe segar dan tentunya tidak memiliki masa simpan yang tahan lama, sehingga untuk memperpanjang masa simpan digunakan Natrium Benzoat. Natrium benzoat merupakan pengawet yang tidak dilarang penggunaannya namun memiliki batas maksimal untuk digunakan, yaitu 600 mg/kg (Kepala BPOM RI No.36 tahun 2013). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat senyawa natrium benzoat pada jahe giling dan untuk mengetahui berapakah kadar natrium benzoat dalam jahe giling yang dijual di Pasar A dan B. Bumbu jahe giling diekstraksi menggunakan metode cair-cair, menggunakan pelarut diethyl eter, selanjutnya dilakukan pemeriksaan sampel menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 200-400 nm. Hasil analisis dari ke 6 sampel jahe giling, terdapat 3 sampel yang mengandung natrium benzoat dengan jumlah kadar melebihi batas yang telah ditetapkan, yaitu, dari Pasar A sampel 1A 1177,3934 mg/kg, sampel 3A 857,5654 mg/kg, dan sampel dari Pasar B, 1B 969,8501 mg/kg.
Mangrove fish assemblages and ecological equivalence: Reply to Castellanos-Galindo & Krumme (2013)

I considered the ecological equivalence of mangrove fish assemblages based on meta-analysis of data sets from around the world (Sheaves 2012; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 461:137−149). The comment of Castellanos-Galindo & Krumme (2013; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 474:299−302) extends on this by analysing additional data from the tropical Eastern Pacific region. This helps fill a major gap I identified (Sheaves 2012) and extends our understanding of mangrove fish assemblages at a global level. More precise information on the equivalence of mangrove fish assemblages will require an integrated approach from researchers, aimed at producing more comparable data sets. Developing a more detailed understanding is important as we begin to step beyond understanding pattern to understanding process.
Investigating the effect of organizational culture on strategy implementation process of private chartered universities in Kenya

This study aimed at investigating the effect of organizational culture and strategy implementation process of Private chartered universities in Kenya. The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and it used both quantitative and qualitative data as it seeks the effect of organizational culture on the implementation of corporate strategy. The accessible population included Registrars, Deans, Directors, Heads of Departments, academic staff, and students’ leaders. This study used both stratified random sampling and the target sample size was 198 employees. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze data. The competing values framework was adopted to identify the organizational culture types that are displayed in Private chartered universities. A multiple linear regression model was also used to derive inferential statistical indicators. Normality testing was done to compare the cumulative distribution of the data with the expected cumulative normal distribution and it bases its P value on the largest discrepancy. Two versions of Breusch-Pagan tests were conducted to test the null hypothesis on whether heteroscedasticity or homoscedasticity was present. Based on the regression analysis it was clear that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis accepted. The conclusion was that Clan culture had a significant influence on the strategy implementation process of Private chartered universities in Kenya. The results established that there was a linear positive relationship between Clan culture and strategy implementation which implies that an increase in Clan culture would lead to a linear increase in Strategy implementation in Private chartered universities in Kenya.
EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AND SYNDROME OF OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT IN ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF OF HEALTHCARE UNITS

Occupational burnout is particularly common in healthcare staff and is closely related to the quality of services provided. Most relevant researches mainly focus on health professionals, bypassing the administrative staff of healthcare units. However, administrative staff plays a key role for the efficiency of healthcare services, and therefore the occupational burnout of administrative staff negatively affects the organization and quality of the provided healthcare services, as patients may not receive proper care. The occupational burnout of administrative staff is a crucial and important issue and is worthy of study, because the new knowledge that will be acquired can be used in the design of training interventions regarding prevention and treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of occupational burnout of administrative staff in healthcare units with emphasis on the experience and needs, especially educational needs, of participants concerning the prevention and treatment of the problem. A qualitative methodology was used with semi-structured interviews with the administrative staff of Ippokrateio General Hospital of Thessaloniki. The main issues that emerged from the analysis of the interviews are: “fatigue” (physical and mental) and “working conditions” (organizational issues, communication) which are related to the experience, but also to the causes of occupational burnout, “work efficiency” related to the consequences of occupational burnout. The topic of “educational needs” is present in most of the participants’ responses, but is most prominent in those that mention the organizational and management needs of employees, both individually and collectively, as the dominant factor in addressing the problem of occupational burnout. Keywords: occupational burnout, administrative staff of healthcare units, education, training
Ecologically determined natal philopatry within a colony of great cormorants.

Dispersal patterns of individuals within populations have implications for the social and genetic structure of local populations. Knowing what factors determine individual dispersal behavior is essential for predicting how the population structure will be influenced by environmental and demographic changes. In this study, I investigated whether the settling pattern of individuals breeding for the first time within a colony of great cormorants was determined by ecological or genetic factors. Furthermore, I examined the possible effects of age and gender. First-time breeders that came back to breed within their natal colony showed strong philopatry toward their natal breeding sites. Because of the simultaneous strong fidelity of breeders toward their former breeding sites, this caused kin to cluster to some extent around the natal site. However, genetic factors (attraction to close kin) are less likely to explain natal philopatry than ecological ones (attraction to the natal site itself). Younger first-time breeders were more philopatric than older ones, in accordance with a decrease in the predictability of the quality of breeding sites with increasing time lags. Furthermore, males dispersed farther from the natal breeding site than females. This result is contrary to what is generally expected for a breeding system where the male is dependent on a breeding territory for mate acquisition. I suggest that this sex difference could arise because first-time breeding males are constrained from settling in the natal site by interference competition with older males or because males are better informed about alternative breeding sites of high quality within the colony. Key words: great comorants, habitat selection, kin selection, natal dispersal distance, Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, philopatry. [Behav Ecol 12:287–294 (2001)]
Effects of rambo inset powder on Glutathione S-Transferas (GST) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in rats

This study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effect of a locally produced insect powder, Rambo, which contains 0.6% Permethrin on non-target organisms exemplified with albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups of five rats per cage; the newly-weaned rats (NWR), aged between 2 4 weeks and weighing 150-180g, middle-aged rats (MAR) aged between 7-12 weeks and weighing 290-33551, and the aged-rats (AR), 13-16 weeks old and weighing 570 -642g. Each group was sub-divided to receive a feeding regime of 1 %, 5% or 10% (w/w) of insecticide-contaminated diet. The controls for each group were fed with normal rats diet. Analysis of total plasma protein and lipid peroxidation products did not reveal significantly different results (p>0.05) when compared with parallel controls especially for the NWR. The effect of the insecticide at various concentrations on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the blood plasma was not significantly different (p > 0.05) in the NWR groups. However, in the MAR and , AR groups, the results were significantly different (p<0.05) against parallel controls. Pair wise comparison between NWR/MAR, NWR/AR and MA WAR groups fed with 1 %, 5% or 10% (w/w) insecticide contaminated diet did not show significantly different results (p>0.05) at any of the concentrations of insecticide used. 'The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was found to be significantly increased (p cO.05) in the brain and liver homogenates but was not significantly different (p>0.05) in the blood plasma at afly of the concentrations of the insecticide in the diet. Pair wise comparison of the effect on GST also gave significantly different results (p<0.05) within the groups of N WR/MA R, N WR/A R, and MAR/AR. The above results may suggest that metabolism of "Rambo" insecticide could induce superoxide anionmediated by oxidative stress, and hence toxicity in adults of higher organisms, including man.
New Developments in Targeted Analysis of Protein Posttranslational Modifications

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are dynamic regulators of protein function, and play important roles in diseases such as cancer. PTM analysis can be challenging, the stoichiometry of PTMs is often low, and various combinatorial modifications are possible. Currently, two major techniques are used to detect and characterize PTMs, immunoassays and mass spectrometry. Immunoassays rely on antibodies for detection of the protein of interest, and are therefore limited to targeted analysis. Mass spectrometry, on the other hand, is capable of characterizing posttranslational modifications both in targeted or non-targeted methods. Recently, new immunoassays were introduced that improve current methods, but also appear particularly promising in the analysis of PTMs. Two of these new immunoassays, proximity ligation assay and nanoscale immunoassay, are discussed in this review. In contrast to immunoassays, mass spectrometry enables characterization of a priori unknown PTM sites. A bottom-up approach, in which proteins are digested into smaller peptides, is well suited for targeted assays as well as cataloging PTMs. A top-down approach, where intact proteins are measured, is challenging but allows mapping of combinatorial PTMs. Mass spectrometry and immunoassays are therefore complementary techniques in analysis of PTMs. Advances in these methods now enable extremely sensitive detection of PTMs from very little material (immunoassays), or can fully characterize combinatorial modifications on proteins in both targeted and non-targeted ways (mass spectrometry). Recent developments in these techniques discussed in this review will therefore likely play an important role in current and future PTM analysis, particularly in the field of cancer research.
Dissodinium pseudolunula (Dinophyta), a parasite on copepod eggs

Direct observation as well as culture experiments revealed Dissodinium pseudolunula as an ectoparasite on eggs of the marine planktonic copepod Temora longicornis. The vegetative life cycle, especially the parasitic phase, which involves phagocytosis, is reported for the first time. The species resembles D. pseudocalani, which is also parasitic upon copepod eggs. The taxonomic position and the survival of D. pseudolunula during the absence of the host in the winter is discussed.