Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of riverine organic matter in plankton food webs of the Baltic Sea

The use of riverine allochthonous organic matter by plankton in the northern Baltic Sea was studied using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Dissolved and particulate material was sampled in the main Swedish rivers entering the Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea. At 4 seastations, dissolved matter, plankton and nekton were sampled in 11 size-classes: below 0.7 pm filtrate, 0.7-5, 5-20, 20-50, 50-100, 100-200, 200-500, 500-2500 μm, mysids (-10 and -20 mm) and herring. A riverine influence could be detected in δ 13 C, but not in δ 15 N. Except for the 5-20 μm fraction, the carbon became enriched in 13 C with increasing salinity in all plankton size-fractions. This mainly reflected differences in the δ 13 C of phytoplankton, due to the different δ 13 C of marine and riverine dissolved inorganic carbon. Plankton use of riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was tested with a 2-component model. The δ 13 C of riverine DOC and the basin phytoplankton were taken to represent the allochthonous and autochthonous signals, respectively. Use of riverine DOC was indicated for larger zooplankton (200-2500 pm) in the Bothnian Bay, confirming earlier suggestions of extensive use of riverine DOC in the zooplankton food webs in this basin. A new method to adjust δ 13 C in zooplankton for variations in lipid content by analysis of covariance was successfully demonstrated. The isotope data reflect the presence of 2 trophic structures, coinciding with the microheterotrophic food web (0.7-5 μm) and the classic grazing food web (>50 pm). From phytoplankton to large zooplankton, δ 15 N increased linearly with the logarithm of organism size in all basins. This increase was steeper in the Bothnian Sea and the Baltic Proper, where zooplankton diversity is higher, than in the Bothnian Bay, possibly reflecting more complex food-web interactions.
The psychoacoustics of binaural hearing

This paper introduces the major phenomena of binaural hearing. The sounds arriving at the two ears are rarely the same: usually one ear will be partially shadowed from the sound source by the head, and the sound will also have to travel further to get to that ear. The resulting differences in interaural level and time can be detected by the auditory system and can be used to determine the direction of the source of sound. They also facilitate improvements in the detectability of a target sound masked by some other sound from some other direction. In many circumstances there is a special emphasis to the onset of a sound, which helps to perceptually suppress the complex patterns of reflections and reverberations that are present in most listening environments; yet, the auditory system is often insensitive to—and cannot take advantage of—fast dynamic changes within a sound.
Screening for Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Hypertensive Outpatients

The authors attempted to validate a 2‐stage strategy to screen for severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (s‐OSAS) among hypertensive outpatients, with polysomnography (PSG) as the gold standard. Using a prospective design, outpatients with hypertension were recruited from medical outpatient clinics. Interventions included (1) assessment of clinical data; (2) home sleep testing (HST); and (3) 12‐channnel, in‐laboratory PSG. The authors developed models using clinical or HST data alone (single‐stage models) or clinical data in tandem with HST (2‐stage models) to predict s‐OSAS. For each model, area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio, and negative post‐test probability (NPTP) were computed. Models were then rank‐ordered based on AUC values and NPTP. HST used alone had limited accuracy (AUC=0.727, NPTP=2.9%). However, models that used clinical data in tandem with HST were more accurate in identifying s‐OSAS, with lower NPTP: (1) facial morphometrics (AUC=0.816, NPTP=0.6%); (2) neck circumference (AUC=0.803, NPTP=1.7%); and Multivariable Apnea Prediction Score (AUC=0.799, NPTP=1.5%) where sensitivity, specificity, and NPTP were evaluated at optimal thresholds. Therefore, HST combined with clinical data can be useful in identifying s‐OSAS in hypertensive outpatients, without incurring greater cost and patient burden associated with in‐laboratory PSG. These models were less useful in identifying obstructive sleep apnea syndrome of any severity.
Validation of a simple approach to caries risk assessment.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the predictive validity of a simple subjective method promoted to dentists for assessing their patients' caries risk. METHODS Data from two large group practices that have used guideline-assisted caries risk assessment (CRA) for several years were analyzed retrospectively to determine the receipt of caries-related treatment following a CRA. Patient age and receipt of caries preventive treatment subsequent to the CRA were control variables in logistic regressions to determine the likelihood of caries-related treatment for low, moderate, and high risk groups. RESULTS Among 45,693 individuals in the two plans, those categorized as being at high caries risk were approximately four times as likely to receive any caries-related treatment as those categorized as being at low caries risk. Those categorized as at moderate risk were approximately twice as likely to receive any treatment. In addition, for those at elevated risk who required any treatment, the number of teeth requiring treatment was larger. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide the first large-scale, generalizable evidence for the validity of dentists' subjective assessment of caries risk.
Sulfate reduction and iron-manganese cycling in intertidal surface sediments of the southern North Sea

Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Dissertation ist die Erfassung der Dynamik der Mangan-, Eisen- und Schwefel-Kreislaufe in unterschiedlichen intertidalen Sedimenten. Saisonale biogeochemische Untersuchungen in Sand-, Misch-, und Schlickwatt-Sedimenten der Nordseeinsel Spiekeroog geben Aufschluss uber die mikrobiellen Prozessen beim Abbau von organischem Material und deren geochemische Konsequenzen. Vergleichende Messungen der mikrobiellen Sulfatreduktion, des Gehaltes an gelostem und reaktivem Eisen und Mangan, des organischen Kohlenstoffs, sowie der Formation und Akkumulation von reduzierten Schwefelverbindungen in den verschiedenen Sedimenten verdeutlichen den Effekt der bakteriellen Sulfatreduktion auf den Metallkreislauf. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass neben der Temperatur die Verfugbarkeit von organischem Material der Hauptfaktor fur die Regulation mikrobieller Umsatzraten in intertidalen Sedimenten ist. Der Austausch von gelostem Eisen und Mangan uber die Sediment-Wassergrenze dokumentiert die Bedeutung intertidaler Sedimente als Transformationsort fur Mangan.
Exogenous DNA can be captured by stem cells and be involved in their rescue from death after lethal- dose -radiation

Summary Here we demonstrate that stem cells capture exogenous DNA internalized into the nuclear space. Injection of fragmented exogenous DNA to lethally radiated mice affords a very strong radioprotective effect: up to 90% of treated mice survived long after exposure to �-rays. We also demonstrate that the high survival of mice after lethaldose radiation is due to blood stem cell rescue whose offspring give rise to spleen colonies participating in recovery of the damaged immune system. It is suggested that the DNA radioprotective effect may result from involvement of exogenous DNA as substrate in homologous recombination during repair of double-strand break sites induced by high-dose radiation.
Compact printed monopole antenna on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) for EWB applications

A compact tapered CPW-fed hollowed printed monopole antenna on the liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate with an extremely wide bandwidth (EWB) is introduced. The simulated results demonstrate that this antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth from 0.435 GHz to 14.52 GHz (33:1) for VSWRles2, and exhibits a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern, while its area is only about 0.18 lambda1times0.13 lambda1, where lambda1 is the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency.
How Young People Communicate-A Czech Perspective

There appears to be a relationship between the latest communications technology and how effectively young people communicate. It is a world-wide phenomenon. This research investigates how young people in the Czech Republic communicate today in an era of increased use of social media and mobile technology. The research was limited to the city of Olomouc. Results suggest that face to face communications by and amongst young people are diminishing fast at the expense of social media such as Facebook and What’s App and sending SMS text messages. This trend could have adverse affects in future on how well young and older people live and work together within their communities. The outcome of this research suggests that proactive steps should be taken now to educate young people in the appropriate use of mobile technology and social media. It would ensure that they retain their ability to communicate effectively not just with their peer groups but also with other age groups and with people from other cultures. Social \Psychology/Psychology needs to take a much more proactive role to address this issue so that the lives of people at all ages can be improved. The outcomes of this research should be of interest to other countries, too, as this phenomenon is not limited to the Czech Republic.
The Prediction of Later Neurodevelopmental Status of Preterm Infants at Ages 7 to 10 Years Using the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener

The aim of this study was to see whether the scores of the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener of 45 high-risk preterm infants (gestational age 26-37 wk) between the ages of 3 and 24 months predicted neurodevelopmental status at 7 to 10 years of age. Neurodevelopmental status of 45/122 preterm infants, grouped according to their gestational ages of 26 to 29, 30 to 32, and 33 to 37 weeks, were previously evaluated by Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener. The scores were categorized as low or high-moderate. Verbal and performance scores of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised (WISC-R) of those patients were assessed between 7 and 10 years. The patients with high-moderate-risk scores of Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener at all times, regardless of their gestational age, had lower performance, verbal, and total scores of WISC-R than those of who had low Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener risk scores. High-moderate risk score of Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener at 7 to 10, and 16 to 20 months, of all patients especially showed good prediction for identifying lower verbal and performance scales. For 7 to 10 months, verbal scale: positive predictive value = 92.3%, negative predictive value = 44.4%, sensitivity = 70.58%, and specificity = 80%; performance scale: positive predictive value = 100%, negative predictive value = 30%, sensitivity = 68.18%, and specificity = 100%. For 16 to 20 months, verbal scale: positive predictive value = 90%, negative predictive value = 37.5%, sensitivity = 64.3%, and specificity = 80%; performance scale: positive predictive value = 90%, negative predictive value = 12.5%, sensitivity = 56.3%, and specificity = 50%. Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener shows good prediction of later verbal and performance scores of Wechsler Intelligence Scale–Revised for Children as early as 7 to 10 months, which gives us the opportunity to start early intervention.
Hsp90 Regulates Androgen Receptor Hormone Binding Affinity in Vivo*

The regulation of human androgen receptor (AR) by the molecular chaperone Hsp90 was investigated using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system. These studies were performed in strains expressing a conditional temperature-sensitive mutant allele of the hsp82 gene, which encodes Hsp90 protein. At the restrictive temperature in the mutant, there is a decrease in hormone-dependent transactivation by the AR, although steady state levels of AR protein are unchanged. Quantitative hormone binding studies at the permissive temperature revealed the presence of both high affinity and low affinity hormone binding states. At the restrictive temperature in the hsp82 mutant, the high affinity state was abolished, and only the low affinity state was observed. The change in hormone binding affinity was further investigated by a competition assay with the anti-androgen hydroxyflutamide. Under permissive conditions, hydroxyflutamide competes poorly for the synthetic androgen R1881, but under restrictive conditions in the hsp82 mutant strain, hydroxyflutamide was shown to be a potent competitive inhibitor. Our findings indicate that Hsp90 participates in the activation process by maintaining apoAR in a high affinity ligand binding conformation which is important for efficient response to hormone.
ent‐Kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid, a KB cells cytotoxic diterpenoid from Elaeoselinum foetidum

Toxic and cytotoxic activities of the toxic plant Elaeoselinum foetidum (Apiaceae) were evaluated using the brine shrimp toxicity (BST) and KB cell cytotoxicity assays. The active chloroform extract was subjected to a bioactivity‐directed fractionation, monitored by the BST assay, that led to the isolation of the diterpenoid ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid. This compound was potent against the brine shrimp (LC50 = 4.8 μg/mL) and KB cells (IC50 = 1.6 μg/mL). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral blood as a source of stem cells for regenerative medicine

Converging evidence indicates that peripheral blood (PB) contains stem cells (SCs) with multidifferentiation potential, thus representing a potential source for regenerative medicine in several human disorders, as has also been confirmed by promising results obtained in several preliminary clinical trials. In addition to the classic haematopoietic SCs, PB also harbours endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal SCs, tissue-committed SCs and monocyte-like SCs. In spite of a series of different names and/or definitions, a large overlap seems to exist among surface markers, functions and origin of these different SC types. This review analyses the different subsets of SCs described in PB, the different hypotheses suggested to explain their origin, and the possible mechanisms that provide the basis for their biological potential.
Effectiveness of periodic checkup by ultrasonography for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Periodic checkup by ultrasonography was conducted on patients with chronic liver diseases for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. in 19 months, a total of 2004 examinations were performed on a total of 660 cases (179 cases with liver cirrhosis in the compensatory stage, younger than 70 years; 481 cases with chronic hepatitis, aged 40 to 70 years for men and 50 to 70 years for women). of the 660 cases, 22 HCC cases (3.3%) were detected and finally diagnosed by angiography and/or histologic examination. Four of those cases (18%) had a single nodule smaller than 1 cm in diameter, and 11 cases (50%) had a single nodule smaller than 2 cm. Surgical resection was performed on 12 cases (55%). in comparison with the control group (83 HCC cases not receiving any periodic checkup), the frequency of small liver cancer and the surgical resection rate in the study group were significantly higher. This examination system by periodic ultrasonography checkup of patients with chronic hepatic diseases was effective for early detection and permitted aggressive therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hankel singular values and vectors of a nonlinear pendulum

Singular values and vectors of Hankel operator for the non-linear system on finite time interval are considered. Three ways of finding Hankel singular vectors are proposed. Controllability and observability functions for the nonlinear pendulum are calculated. Problem of optimal control-observation ratio for Hankel experiment is posed and it’s numeric solutions for the linear and non-linear flat pendulums are found. 1. The Linear Case for Infinite Control and Observation Intervals Hankel operator plays an important part in modern control theory. Unlike convolution operator, that maps present inputs to present outputs, Hankel operator (HO) Γ maps past inputs to future outputs and is defined as following ∫ ∞ > + = = 0 0, t Q(t Y(t) (1) where ) (t Q is the system’s transfer function. Hankel singular values (HSV) i σ are well described
GroupFound: An effective approach to detect suspicious accounts in online social networks

Online social networks are an important part of people’s life and also become the platform where spammers use suspicious accounts to spread malicious URLs. In order to detect suspicious accounts in online social networks, researchers make a lot of efforts. Most existing works mainly utilize machine learning based on features. However, once the spammers disguise the key features, the detection method will soon fail. Besides, such methods are unable to cope with the variable and unknown features. The works based on graph mainly use the location and social relationship of spammers, and they need to build a huge social graph, which leads to much computing cost. Thus, it is necessary to propose a lightweight algorithm which is hard to be evaded. In this article, we propose a lightweight algorithm GroupFound, which focuses on the structure of the local graph. As the bi-followers come from different social communities, we divide all accounts into different groups and compute the average number of accounts for these groups. We evaluate GroupFound on Sina Weibo dataset and find an appropriate threshold to identify suspicious accounts. Experimental results have demonstrated that our algorithm can accomplish a high detection rate of 86 . 27 % at a low false positive rate of 8 . 54 % .
DESMETHOXYYANGONIN AND DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN ARE TWO MAJOR PHARMACOLOGICAL KAVALACTONES WITH MARKED ACTIVITY ON THE INDUCTION OF CYP3A23

Kava kava (Piper methysticum), an herbal remedy, is widely used for the treatment of mild to moderate cases of anxiety. The therapeutic activity is presumably achieved through multiple constituents called kavalactones. Recently, kava extracts were shown to induce CYP3A4 and activate human pregnane X receptor (PXR). This study was undertaken to test the ability of purified kavalactones to induce CYP3A23 and activate PXR. Rat hepatocytes were treated with desmethoxyyangonin, dihydrokawain, dihydromethysticin, kawain, methysticin, or yangonin, and the expression of CYP3A23 was monitored. Among the kavalactones, only desmethoxyyangonin and dihydromethysticin markedly induced the expression of CYP3A23 (∼7-fold). A similar magnitude of induction was detected with combined six kavalactones at a noninductive concentration when individually used. The induced expression, however, was markedly reduced or completely abolished if dihydromethysticin, desmethoxyyangonin, or both were excluded from the mixtures. Interestingly, regardless of whether dihydromethysticin or desmethoxyyangonin was used alone or together with other kavalactones, similar amounts of total kavalactones were needed to produce comparable induction, suggesting that the inductive activity of dihydromethysticin and desmethoxyyangonin is additively/synergistically enhanced by other kavalactones. In addition, treatment with dihydromethysticin, desmethoxyyangonin, or pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) markedly increased the levels of CYP3A23 mRNA, and inhibition of mRNA synthesis abolished the induction. In contrast to PCN, dihydromethysticin and desmethoxyyangonin only slightly activated rat or human PXR. These findings suggest that the induction of CYP3A23 by dihydromethysticin and desmethoxyyangonin involves transcription activation, probably through a PXR-independent or PXR-involved indirect mechanism.
Transient elevation of serum 5-HIAA by dietary serotonin and distribution of 5-HIAA in serum protein fractions

Introduction Dietary serotonin increases urinary secretion of 5-HIAA. A falsely elevated 5-HIAA may lead to incorrect suspicion of a neuroendocrine tumour. Therefore, we determined the effect and duration of dietary serotonin on serum 5-HIAA concentration. We also studied the distribution of 5-HIAA in serum fractions. Methods We used serum samples from healthy volunteers (31 women and four men). All test subjects avoided serotonin-containing foods for three days before sample collection. They then ate either pineapple, banana, kiwi fruit, tomato or walnuts and additional blood samples were taken after 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. To study the distribution of 5-HIAA in serum, samples from a healthy individual, a test person who had ingested walnuts, and from a neuroendocrine tumour patient were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography. The fractions were analysed for 5-HIAA. Results Serum 5-HIAA concentration increased significantly (P ≤ 0.001) within 2 h after ingestion of serotonin-containing food. After 2 h, 5-HIAA concentration started to decrease and reached the baseline concentration within 24 h. A calculated half-life of 5-HIAA in circulation was 1.3 h. In fractionated serum, 5-HIAA was found not only in free form but also in the albumin and α2-globulin fractions. Conclusions The increase of serum 5-HIAA caused by dietary serotonin is significant but transient. Therefore, serotonin-containing foods should be avoided for one day before blood sampling. In serum, 5-HIAA is free and apparently bound to albumin. Minor amounts were also found in the α2-globulin fraction. Our liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay measures free 5-HIAA in serum.
A molecular basis for affinity modulation of Fab ligand binding to integrin alphaIIb beta3.

The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence within the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) of the heavy chain (H3) is responsible for the binding of the recombinant murine Fab molecules, AP7 and PAC1.1, to the platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3. AP7 binding is minimally influenced by the conformational state of this receptor, whereas PAC1.1 binds preferentially to the activated state of the receptor induced by platelet agonists. To study the molecular basis for this functional difference, we replaced the AP7 H3 loop (HPFYRGDGGN) with all or segments of the analogous sequence from PAC1.1 (RSPSYYRGDGAGP). AP7 Fd (VH domain + Cgamma1 domain) segments containing these H3 loop sequences were expressed as active Fab molecules by coinfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines with recombinant baculoviruses containing Fd and AP7 kappa chain cDNA. Replacement of the entire AP7 H3 loop with that from PAC1.1 generated the mutant AP7.3 Fab molecule, which bound selectively to either activated, gel-filtered platelets or to purified alphaIIbbeta3 in a manner identical to that of PAC1.1. Identical results were obtained when solely the sequences flanking the amino side of RGD within the respective H3 loops were exchanged. AP7.3 and PAC1.1 exhibited saturable but submaximal binding to activated gel-filtered platelets. Relative to AP7, the number of AP7.3 or PAC1. 1 Fab molecules bound per platelet was 17% in the presence of 1 m Ca2+ + 1 mM Mg2+ or 40% in the presence of 10 microM Mn2+. The ratio of Fab molecules bound after versus before activation (mean =/- S.D.; n = 3) was: for AP7.3, 9.8 =/- 0.6; for PAC1.1, 8.8 +/- 0.3; and for AP7, 1.4 =/- 0.2. In addition, AP7 bound to the stably expressed integrin mutant alphaIIbbeta3(S123A), whereas AP7.3 and PAC1 did not. Because AP7.3 behaves in every respect like PAC1.1, we conclude that the ability of RGD-based ligands to distinguish activated from resting conformations of the integrin alphaIIbbeta3 can be regulated by limited amino acid sequences immediately adjacent to the RGD tripeptide. Furthermore, those Fab molecules that exhibit increased selectivity for the activated conformation of alphaIIbbeta3 bind to a subpopulation of this integrin on platelets that is modulated by divalent cations.