Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Trace Element Concentrations Across Calcite / Aragonite Transitions in a

Calcite and aragonite speleothems have been used for the past few decades to provide paleoclimate information, but in speleothems of mixed mineralogy the signal of mineral changes can complicate understanding of climate signals also present. This mineral signal must therefore be examined and controlled for. In this work, ICP-MS (inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry) analysis of trace element (strontium and magnesium) incorporation into calcium carbonate provides additional evidence for a shift in CaCO3 polymorphs identified via XRD (xray diffraction) analysis of speleothem AB-2 from Anjohibe Cave, Madgascar. The ICP-MS Sr/Ca data qualitatively supports the Sr/Ca data collected by the XRF core scanner, exhibiting a sharp decrease in value across the identified mineral transition. A corresponding increase in Mg/Ca revealed by the ICP-MS provides further evidence for a change from aragonite to calcite at this location. This mineralogical change occurred between 870-880 CE (+/13 years) is nearly concurrent with a shift in 61 C isotopes that was identified in previous work on this speleothem and attributed to an ecological shift in dominant photosynthetic pathways (Bums et al 2016). A second, control section was identified as pure calcite by XRD analysis, but revealed Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios characteristic of mineralogical transitions, suggesting that there may have been layers of aragonite that have recrystallized to calcite since deposition.
SRL for low resource languages isn’t needed for semantic SMT

Previous attempts at injecting semantic frame biases into SMT training for low resource languages failed because either (a) no semantic parser is available for the low resource input language; or (b) the output English language semantic parses excise relevant parts of the alignment space too aggressively. We present the first semantic SMT model to succeed in significantly improving translation quality across many low resource input languages for which no automatic SRL is available —consistently and across all common MT metrics. The results we report are the best by far to date for this type of approach; our analyses suggest that in general, easier approaches toward including semantics in training SMT models may be more feasible than generally assumed even for low resource languages where semantic parsers remain scarce. While recent proposals to use the crosslingual evaluation metric XMEANT during inversion transduction grammar (ITG) induction are inapplicable to low resource languages that lack semantic parsers, we break the bottleneck via a vastly improved method of biasing ITG induction toward learning more semantically correct alignments using the monolingual semantic evaluation metric MEANT. Unlike XMEANT, MEANT requires only a readily-available English (output language) semantic parser. The advances we report here exploit the novel realization that MEANT represents an excellent way to semantically bias expectationmaximization induction even for low resource languages. We test our systems on challenging languages including Amharic, Uyghur, Tigrinya and Oromo. Results show that our model influences the learning towards more semantically correct alignments, leading to better translation quality than both the standard ITG or GIZA++ based SMT training models on different datasets.
Title Barriers and facilitators to initial and continued attendance at community-based lifestyle programmes among families of overweight and obese children : a systematic review

Rights © 2016, the Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Intrinsic role of bacterial secretion systems in phylogenetic niche conservation of Bradyrhizobium spp.

Bradyrhizobium is a biologically important bacterial genus. Different Bradyrhizobium strains exhibit distinct niche selection like free living, root nodular and stem nodular. The present in silico study was undertaken to identify the role of bacterial secretome in the phylogenetic niche conservation (PNC) of Bradyrhizobium sp. Analysis was carried out with the publicly available 19 complete genome assembly and annotation reports. A protocol was developed to screen the secretome related genes using three different database, viz. genome, proteome, and gene ortholog. This resulted into 139 orthologs that include type secretion systems (T1SS-T6SS) along with flagella (Flg), type IV pili (T4P) and tight adherence (Tad) systems. Multivariate analysis using bacterial secretome was undertaken to find out the role of these secretion systems in PNC. In free living strains, T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS were completely absent. Whereas, in the stem nodulating strains, T3SS and T6SS were absent, but T4SS was found to be present. On the other hand, the T3SS was found to be present only in the root-nodulating strains. The present investigation clearly demonstrated a pattern of PNC based on the distribution of secretion system components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on PNC of Bradyrhizobium using the multivariate analysis of secretome.
A revised grading system for the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory based on a large clinical population

Abstract Objective: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) is one of the world’s most commonly used tools to assess tinnitus severity. The aim of the current study was to establish a revised THI grading system using standard Z-scores and percentiles. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Study sample: Adult patients (1042 participants – 518 (49.7%) female and 524 (50.3%) male) reporting tinnitus duration of a minimum of 6 months with complete documentation on patient’s clinical status (age, gender, tinnitus duration and laterality, tinnitus handicap based on THI and hearing status based on pure-tone audiometry) were included in the study. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyse the effects of gender and hearing loss on THI scores and revealed there was a significant effect of both. Consequently, separate grading systems for women and men, as well as for subjects with normal hearing and hearing loss, is proposed. Conclusions: Our findings are generally consistent with existing grading. Normative values proposed for THI scores, based on a large group of tinnitus patients, could be useful to guide decisions about appropriate intervention options or to evaluate treatment outcomes.
The Lhx4 homeobox transcript in the rat pineal gland: Adrenergic regulation and impact on transcripts encoding melatonin‐synthesizing enzymes

Homeobox genes generally encode transcription factors involved in regulating developmental processes. In the pineal gland, a brain structure devoted to nocturnal melatonin synthesis, a number of homeobox genes are also expressed postnatally; among these is the LIM homeobox 4 gene (Lhx4). We here report that Lhx4 is specifically expressed in the postnatal pineal gland of rats and humans. Circadian analyses revealed a fourfold rhythm in Lhx4 expression in the rat pineal gland, with rhythmic expression detectable from postnatal day 10. Pineal Lhx4 expression was confirmed to be positively driven by adrenergic signaling, as evidenced by in vivo modulation of Lhx4 expression by pharmacological (isoprenaline injection) and surgical (superior cervical ganglionectomy) interventions. In cultured pinealocytes, Lhx4 expression was upregulated by cyclic AMP, a second messenger of norepinephrine. By use of RNAscope technology, Lhx4 transcripts were found to be exclusively localized in melatonin‐synthesizing pinealocytes. This prompted us to investigate the possible role of Lhx4 in regulation of melatonin‐producing enzymes. By use of siRNA technology, we knocked down Lhx4 by 95% in cultured pinealocytes; this caused a reduction in transcripts encoding the melatonin‐producing enzyme arylalkylamine N‐acetyl transferase (Aanat). Screening the transcriptome of siRNA‐treated pinealocytes by RNAseq revealed a significant impact of Lhx4 on the phototransduction pathway and on transcripts involved in development of the nervous system and photoreceptors. These data suggest that rhythmic expression of Lhx4 in the pineal gland is controlled via an adrenergic‐cyclic AMP mechanism and that Lhx4 acts to promote nocturnal melatonin synthesis.
Long‐term chemogenetic suppression of spontaneous seizures in a mouse model for temporal lobe epilepsy

More than one‐third of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) continue to have seizures despite treatment with antiepileptic drugs, and many experience severe drug‐related side effects, illustrating the need for novel therapies. Selective expression of inhibitory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) allows cell‐type‐specific reduction of neuronal excitability. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chemogenetic suppression of excitatory pyramidal and granule cell neurons of the sclerotic hippocampus in the intrahippocampal mouse model (IHKA) for temporal lobe epilepsy.
Localization of the Angiotensin 11 and Its Receptor Subtype Expression in Human Endometrium and Identification of a Novel High-affinity Angiotensin 11 Binding Site

Angiotensin (ANG) II is not only a potent vasoconstrictor but may also be involved in the regeneration of new blood vessels. In proliferative endometrium, ANG II-like immunoreactivity was detected in glandular epithelium and stroma with negligible staining around the vascular endothelium. In contrast, in secretory endometrium intense immunostaining was seen in the perivascular stromal cells around the endometrial spiral arterioles with negligible staining of the other cell types. Quantitative receptor autoradiography using the nonselective radioligand [125I] -ANG II and subtype selective competing compounds showed that endometrium contained predominantly AT2 receptors, with relatively low expression of AT1 receptors and a novel nonAT,/non-AT2 angiotensin II recognition site that was insensitive to AT1 or AT2 selective ligands. Levels of specific ['"I]-ANG II receptor binding displayed cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle, reaching a maximum in early secretory endometrium and then decreasing in mid to late secretory endometrium to levels seen in early to mid proliferative endometrium. In situ hybridization showed AT1 receptor mRNAexpression in the glands and in the endometrial blood vessels. The cyclic changes in ANG TI-like immunoreactivity together with expression of both the known and the novel AT receptor subtypes imply that this octopeptide may play a dual role both in the control of the uterine vascular bed and also in the regeneration of the endometrium after endometrial shedding, acting as an angiogenic and mitogenic mediator. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995. 96:848-857.)
N ov 2 01 8 On Integer Programming and Convolution ∗

Integer programs with a constant number of constraints are solvable in pseudo-polynomial time. We give a new algorithm with a better pseudo-polynomial running time than previous results. Moreover, we establish a strong connection to the problem (min, +)-convolution. (min, +)-convolution has a trivial quadratic time algorithm and it has been conjectured that this cannot be improved significantly. We show that further improvements to our pseudopolynomial algorithm for any fixed number of constraints are equivalent to improvements for (min, +)-convolution. This is a strong evidence that our algorithm’s running time is the best possible. We also present a faster specialized algorithm for testing feasibility of an integer program with few constraints and for this we also give a tight lower bound, which is based on the SETH.
THE CROSSING NUMBER OF P2

The exact crossing number is known only for few specific families of graphs. According to their special structure, Cartesian products of two graphs are one of few graph classes for which the exact values of crossing numbers were obtained. Let Pn be a path with n+1 vertices and Pk n be the k-power of the graph Pn. Very recently, some results concerning crossing numbers of P k n were obtained. For the Cartesian product of P2 n with the cycle of length three, the value 3n−3 for its crossing number is given. In this paper, we extend this result by proving that the crossing numbers of the Cartesian product P2 n C4 is 4n−4.
Circadian modulation of light-induced locomotion responses in Drosophila melanogaster

B. Lu, W. Liu, F. Guo and A. Guo* State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, and Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China *Corresponding author: Aike Guo, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail: akguo@ion.ac. cn
Small Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna Integrated with PIN Diodes for Multimode Wireless Communications

─ A new printed reconfigurable monopole antenna with multi-resonance and switchable dual band-notched performances is presented, whose frequency characteristics can be reconfigured electronically to have both a single or dual-band notch function to block interfering signals from Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) for 5-6 GHz and/or X-band communications around 9-10 GHz. The presented antenna consists of a square radiating patch with H-shaped slot and a ground plane with a pair of Lshaped parasitic structures. We use two PIN diodes across the antenna configuration that by changing the on/off conditions of the PIN diodes, the antenna can be used for multimode applications. In the proposed structure, when D1=ON & D2=OFF, an UWB antenna with a multi-resonance characteristic can be achieved and we can give additional resonances at higher frequency bands that provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 125% (3.0212.43). By changing the condition of integrated diodes to D1=OFF & D2=ON, the pair of rotated T-shaped slots at radiating patch have converted to H-shaped slot and the L-shaped parasitic structures have converted to inverted Ω-shaped structure. The proposed antenna can be used to generate either single or dual notch band to isolate and block any interference in the UWB frequency range. Index Terms ─ PIN diode, reconfigurable antenna and UWB wireless communications.
Let the Games Begin : Evaluating Fun Experiences

Why do frequent gamblers continue gambling? Is it the thrill and excitement of a win? We propose that instead of enjoying the current outcome, frequent gamblers focus on future outcomes and how those outcomes will be better than the current outcome. In study 1, we demonstrate that frequent gamblers generate mixed counterfactuals. We argue that the upward counterfactuals allow the person to prepare for the future, while downward counterfactuals generate positive affect used to fuel the pursuit of future possibilities. In study 2, we manipulate temporal focus and regulatory focus, and show that mixed counterfactuals are generated when people anticipate future pleasurable outcomes. Finally, in study 3 we provide evidence that mixed counterfactuals cause emotional dilution. Taken together, the studies support the idea that frequent gamblers continue to gamble because they are chasing rainbows.
Cocaine Use Disorder Is Associated With Changes in Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokines and Lymphocytes Subsets

Background: Cocaine is a psychostimulant drug with high addictive proprieties. Evidence suggests that cocaine use leads to critical changes in the immune system, with significant effects on T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells and influencing peripheral levels of cytokines. The presence of abstinence-related symptoms during detoxification treatment is known to influence the prognosis. Here, our aim was to investigate immune profiles in women with cocaine use disorder (CUD) according to withdrawal symptoms severity. Methods: Blood samples and clinical data were collected at onset of detoxification treatment of 50 women with CUD. The patients were stratified according to Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) scores in low withdrawal (L-W) and high withdrawal (H-W) categories. In addition, we also included a control group with 19 healthy women as reference to immune parameters. Peripheral blood was collected and lymphocyte subsets were phenotyped by multi-color flow cytometry (B cells, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK cells, and different stages of T-cell differentiation). PBMCs from patients and healthy controls were stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (1%) for 72 h to assess the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. Results: Following stimulation, lymphocytes from women with CUD produced increased levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. However, higher levels of IL-2 and IL-17 were observed only in the L-W group, while higher levels of IL-6 were detected in the H-W group compared to controls. H-W group showed lower percentage of early-differentiated Th cells (CD4+CD27+CD28+), elevated percentage of Th cells (CD3+CD4+), intermediate-differentiated Th cells (CD4+CD27−CD28+), and B cells (CD3−CD19+). Both CUD groups showed decreased percentages of naïve T cells (CD3+CD4+CD45RA+ and CD3+CD8+CD45RA+). Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that CUD can lead to increased production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and lymphocyte changes.
Dendritic Cells Require PINK1-Mediated Phosphorylation of BCKDE1α to Promote Fatty Acid Oxidation for Immune Function

Dendritic cell (DCs) activation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist induces robust metabolic rewiring toward glycolysis. Recent findings in the field identified mechanistic details governing these metabolic adaptations. However, it is unknown whether a switch to glycolysis from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a general characteristic of DCs upon pathogen encounter. Here we show that engagement of different TLR triggers differential metabolic adaptations in DCs. We demonstrate that LPS-mediated TLR4 stimulation induces glycolysis in DCs. Conversely, activation of TLR7/8 with protamine-RNA complex, pRNA, leads to an increase in OXPHOS. Mechanistically, we found that pRNA stimulation phosphorylates BCKDE1α in a PINK1-dependent manner. pRNA stimulation increased branched-chain amino acid levels and increased fatty acid oxidation. Increased FAO and OXPHOS are required for DC activation. PINK1 deficient DCs switch to glycolysis to maintain ATP levels and viability. Moreover, pharmacological induction of PINK1 kinase activity primed immunosuppressive DC for immunostimulatory function. Our findings provide novel insight into differential metabolic adaptations and reveal the important role of branched-chain amino acid in regulating immune response in DC.
A Novel Design of Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

─ In this paper, a kind of reconfigurable monopole antenna with multi-resonance and switchable band-notched function is designed and manufactured whose frequency characteristics can be reconfigured electronically to have a singleband notch function in order to block interfering signals from 5.15 GHz 5.35 GHz HiperLAN, 5 GHz 6 GHz WLAN or 7.25 GHz 7.75 GHz for downlink of X-band satellite communication systems. The proposed antenna consists of a square radiating patch, feed-line, and a ground plane with a Fork-shaped conductor-backed plane. By adding an inverted T-shaped and a pair of Lshaped parasitic structures in the ground plane, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 135% (3.05 GHz-16.51 GHz). In order to generate reconfigurable band-stop performance, we use a pair of PIN diodes within the antenna configuration. By changing the ON/OFF conditions of the PIN diodes, the antenna can be used to generate a single notch band to isolate and block any interference in the UWB frequency range. The proposed antenna has a small dimension of 12 × 18 × 1.6 mm. Index Terms ─ Band-notched performance, conductor-backed plane, PIN diode, reconfigurable monopole antenna, and UWB wireless communication.
A Systematic Review of Emoji: Current Research and Future Perspectives

A growing body of research explores emoji, which are visual symbols in computer mediated communication (CMC). In the 20 years since the first set of emoji was released, research on it has been on the increase, albeit in a variety of directions. We reviewed the extant body of research on emoji and noted the development, usage, function, and application of emoji. In this review article, we provide a systematic review of the extant body of work on emoji, reviewing how they have developed, how they are used differently, what functions they have and what research has been conducted on them in different domains. Furthermore, we summarize directions for future research on this topic.
Metabolomic Profiles for HBV Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Including Alpha-Fetoproteins Positive and Negative Subtypes

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very common globally prevalent cancer. Due to its poor clinical prognosis, increasing the diagnostic rate of HCC is urgently needed. Herein, we validate discovered metabolomic biomarkers to distinguish Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative (AFP–) and positive (AFP+) individuals. Methods: We recruited 130 HCC subjects (independent case-control, randomized clinical cohorts) to our study. We separated the subjects randomly into two panels: (1) 58 individuals for the discovery panel; and (2) 72 individuals for the validation panel. For each panel, gender and age-matched hepatitis B group (HBG) and healthy group were included as controls. Plasma samples were collected for metabolic profiling by liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry—based metabolomics assays. We applied both non-targeted metabolomics analyses and targeted metabolomics analyses. Significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) were identified. The power of SCMs to discriminate HCC and HBG or healthy group was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: Ten SCMs were selected form the discovery panel, and further verified in the validation panel. ROC analyses indicated that 1 SCMs (LysoPC (24:0)) could discriminate HCC from HBG (AUC = 0.765). Further, 8 SCMs including (LysoPC (17:0), LysoPC (20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)), LysoPC (22:0), LysoPC (24:0), PE (P-16:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), SM (d18:1/22:1(13Z)), Creatinine, and L-Isoleucine) displayed a heightened ability to discriminate between HCC and healthy controls (AUC were more than 0.800). Most of these SCMs were important in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: LysoPC (24:0) could distinguished HCC from HBG, and 8 SCMs distinguished HCC from healthy controls. LysoPC and other metabolites have the potential to serve as non-invasive biomarkers for HBV related AFP– and AFP+ HCC.