Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Servant Motif in the Synoptic Gospels

DID Jesus interpret his mission in the light of the Servant passages of Deutero-Isaiah? The belief that he did has been both widespread and persistent, but three principal objections have been voiced by scholars. In the first place, it has been claimed that a Messianic interpretation of the Servant passages is of late origin, an innovation of Hellenistic Christianity. The second objection has rested upon the position that the identification of the Messiah with the Suffering Servant of the Lord is alien to the thought of late Judaism, there being no evidence that such an identification was made before the Christian church did so. The third objection may be phrased in some words of Professor Rudolf Bultmann: "The tradition of Jesus sayings reveals no trace of a consciousness on his part of being the Servant of Isaiah 53. "* The chief concern of this article is with objection number three. However, notice will be taken of some recent research which has challenged objections one and two. This research has underscored the cruciality of Jesus' sayings reported in the Synoptic Gospels. It has also tended to influence the value-judgments of students of the Gospels in several significant ways. I The view that a Servant-Christology is of late origin was given wide currency by Harnack. The earlier writing of the editors of The Beginnings of Christianity was also influential. Foakes-Jackson and Lake had claimed that the term irais in Acts 3 and 4 is secondary, that it is derived from the Septuagint and therefore presupposes Hellenistic Christianity. Furthermore, it was noticed that references to the Servant prophecies
iACP: a sequence-based tool for identifying anticancer peptides

Cancer remains a major killer worldwide. Traditional methods of cancer treatment are expensive and have some deleterious side effects on normal cells. Fortunately, the discovery of anticancer peptides (ACPs) has paved a new way for cancer treatment. With the explosive growth of peptide sequences generated in the post genomic age, it is highly desired to develop computational methods for rapidly and effectively identifying ACPs, so as to speed up their application in treating cancer. Here we report a sequence-based predictor called iACP developed by the approach of optimizing the g-gap dipeptide components. It was demonstrated by rigorous cross-validations that the new predictor remarkably outperformed the existing predictors for the same purpose in both overall accuracy and stability. For the convenience of most experimental scientists, a publicly accessible web-server for iACP has been established at http://lin.uestc. edu.cn/server/iACP, by which users can easily obtain their desired results.
Melatonin attenuates brain contusion‐induced oxidative insult, inactivation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1, and upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling‐3 in rats

Abstract: The induction of oxidative stress and inflammation has been closely linked in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Transcriptional factors of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins are redox sensitive and participate in the regulation of cytokine signaling. Previous studies demonstrated that melatonin protects neurons through its antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects in various neuropathological conditions. However, the effect of melatonin on STAT activity after TBI has not yet been explored. In this study, we used a controlled weight‐drop TBI model and found that brain contusion induced oxidative stress (a decreased level of total glutathione and an increased ratio of oxidized glutathione to total glutathione), a reduction in STAT1 DNA‐binding activity, and consequently neuronal loss in a contusion depth–dependent manner. A significant increased mRNA expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3), inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), and interleukine‐6 (IL‐6), but a decreased protein expression of protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS1), was found 24 hr after brain contusion. SOCS3 and PIAS1 are endogenous negative regulators of STAT1. Moreover, the combination of intraperitoneal and local (presoaked in gelfoam and placed on the traumatic cortex) administration of melatonin had the most pronounced influence in inhibiting all effects except the PIAS1 downregulation induced by brain contusion. The results suggest that SOCS‐3 upregulation and oxidative stress may contribute to the STAT1 inactivation after TBI. Melatonin protects neurons from TBI by reducing oxidative stress, STAT1 inactivation, and upregulation of SOCS‐3 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Hemi‐gap‐junction channels in solitary horizontal cells of the catfish retina.

1. Solitary horizontal cells were isolated from catfish retinas and their membrane current was recorded with a whole‐cell voltage clamp. Reducing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration produced a current that could be suppressed by dopamine. This Ca(2+)‐ and dopamine‐sensitive current is hereafter termed I gamma. The voltage dependence, cytoplasmic regulation, and permeability of the I gamma channel suggest that it is half of a gap‐junction channel. 2. I gamma was voltage and time dependent. In the steady state, the current‐voltage relation displayed outward rectification at voltages more depolarized than 0 mV and a negative resistance region at voltages more hyperpolarized than ‐15 mV. The reversal potential was 3.3 +/‐ 1.5 mV when NaCl was the predominant extracellular salt and potassium‐D‐aspartate was the predominant intracellular salt. 3. The size of I gamma depended on the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. I gamma was maximal at external Ca2+ concentrations below 10 microM, half‐maximal at 220 microM‐Ca2+, and reduced to less than 4% of its maximum amplitude at external Ca2+ concentrations above 1 mM. Increasing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration reduced the amplitude of I gamma without changing the shape of the current‐voltage relation or the kinetics of inactivation. Thus, rectification does not result from a voltage‐dependent block by extracellular Ca2+. 4. Patches of cell membrane were voltage clamped in both the cell‐attached and excised‐patch configurations. In the cell‐attached configuration, the addition of dopamine to the solution outside the patch pipette blocked the opening of channels within the membrane patch. Thus, dopamine closes I gamma channels by initiating an intracellular messenger cascade. In the excised‐patch configuration, a maximum conductance of 145 pS was measured while Cs+ and tetraethylammonium+ (TEA+) were the only monovalent cations on both sides of the membrane. 5. The ability of dopamine to suppress I gamma was blocked by introducing an inhibitor of the cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase, PKI5‐24, into the cytoplasm. Thus, the action of dopamine is mediated by a pathway that includes the activation of a cyclic AMP‐dependent kinase. 6. I gamma was suppressed by nitroprusside, an agent which activates guanylate cyclase and increases the intracellular cyclic GMP concentration. The effect of nitroprusside was not altered by the intracellular application of PKI5‐24. Thus, nitroprusside suppresses I gamma through a pathway that does not include the activation of a cyclic AMP‐dependent kinase. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Running power spectrum of pulsed radiation in an absorptive randomly inhomogeneous media

To the problem of pulse signal propagation in a chaotically inhomogeneous media is devoted a great number of papers. The behavior of the running power spectrum (RPS) of pulsed radiation in a weakly dispersive chaotically nonstationary media was investigated at one-dimensional spatial-temporal permittivity fluctuations using the statistical moment method. The investigations of the features of the normalized RPS in absorptive random medium at both one-dimensional spatial-temporal dielectric permittivity and conductivity fluctuations is investigated.
Rationality, rule-following and emotions: on the economics of moral preferences

The long-standing critique of the â€˜economic model of man' has gained new impetus not least due to the broadening research in behavioral and experimental economics. Many of the critics have focused on the apparent difficulty of traditional rational choice theory to account for the role of moral or ethical concerns in human conduct, and a number of authors have suggested modifications in the standard model in response to such critique. This paper takes issue with a quite commonly adopted â€˜revisionist' strategy, namely seeking to account for moral concerns by including them as additional preferences in an agent's utility function. It is argued that this strategy ignores the critical difference between preferences over outcomes and preferences over actions, and that it fails to recognize that â€˜moral preferences' belong into the second category. Preferences over actions, however, cannot be consistently accounted for within a theoretical framework that focuses on the rationality of single actions. They require a shift of perspective, from a theory of rational choice to a theory of rule-following behavior. Length 30 pages
Remodeling of fuzzy PID controller with neural network

Aimed at computational complexity and poor real-time performance in fuzzy PID control algorithm, selecting fuzzy PID controller as study object, an equivalent RBF neural network model with universal function approximating ability was utilized to accurately approach a known fuzzy PID controller. After that, the same plant model which was controlled by the fuzzy PID controller and the equivalent RBF NN model was simulated with different reference inputs, respectively. Simulated results show that control qualities from two different controllers were extremely similar. Therefore, the fuzzy PID controller can be replaced by an equivalent RBF NN model in order to reduce the computational complexity, avoid the dimensional curse and improve the real-time performance.
Gingival crevicular fluid vascular endothelial cell growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB release profile following the use of perforated barrier membranes during treatment of intrabony defects: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Perforated barrier membranes open channels between the suprabony and intrabony compartments of the defect, which could allow for more physiologic cellular interactions between different components of the periodontium during guided tissue regeneration surgery. To test this assumption, this study was designed to evaluate levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB in gingival crevicular fluid during the early stages of healing of localized intrabony defects treated with perforated membranes (PMs) or non-PMs, as compared with open flap debridement. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty non-smoking patients with severe chronic periodontitis participated in this prospective, randomized and single blinded trial. Each patient contributed one interproximal defect that was randomly assigned to the PM group (n = 10), occlusive membrane (OM) group (n = 10) or open flap debridement (OFD) group (n = 10). Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level and the intrabony depth of the defect were measured at baseline and reassessed at 6 and 9 mo after therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 d after therapy for the changes in VEGF and PDGF-BB levels. RESULTS During the early stages of healing (1, 3 and 7 d), the mean VEGF and PDGF-BB concentrations at sites treated with PMs and OFD peaked with a statistically significant difference as compared with the OM-treated group. VEGF and PDGF-BB levels at sites treated with PMs and OFD were not statistically different. Growth factor levels decreased sharply in the samples obtained at days 21 and 30 with non-significant differences between the three groups. Nine months after therapy, the PM-treated group showed a statistically significant improvement in probing depth, clinical attachment level and intrabony defect compared to the OM and OFD groups. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of the present study, one can conclude that PM coverage of periodontal defects is associated with initial gingival crevicular fluid growth factor upregulation that could improve the clinical outcomes of guided tissue regeneration surgery.
A 200 μm by 100 μm Smart Dust system with an average current consumption of 1.3 nA

In this paper we present a microscale “Smart Dust” type system with a volume of 200 μm × 100 μm × 10 μm, called lablet. The lablet contains a 20 Hz low power clock generator, a sensor, electric actuators and a simple finite state machine to implement a predefined response to the sensor input. The system operates with supply voltages ranging from 0.3 V to 1.8 V and is thus suitable to be supplied from a capacitor with decreasing voltage. An input rectifier allows powering the lablet independent of polarity. The average current consumption of the system was measured to be 1.3 nA when supplied from a capacitor with an initial voltage of 1.8 V. The system is intended to be used within electrolyte solutions. The small system scale allows the investigation of “pourable electronics”, a concept where large quantities of microsystems are deployed within a chemical solution to perform a predefined task. Several lablets have been designed and fabricated in a standard 180 nm CMOS process and the electrical functionality has been verified by contacting the lablet electrodes with multiple probe needles.
Socios comerciales y crecimiento en América Latina: Un enfoque SVAR dinámico

Este trabajo evalua como choques originados en grandes economias alrededor del mundo se han trasmitido a las tasas de crecimiento de paises latinoamericanos. Para ello se propone, estima, evalua y simula un modelo VAR estructural bastante parsimonioso, identificado a traves de vinculos de comercio bilateral. Dado que los pesos de comercio evolucionan a lo largo de la muestra, los efectos de los choques son cambiantes con el tiempo. Por tanto, es posible cuantificar como el crecimiento de la region se ha visto afectado por vinculos comerciales mas estrechos con economias emergentes de rapido crecimiento, y como ha respondido a una nueva estructura de comercio mundial, con China como protagonista. Se encuentra que cerca de la mitad del vigoroso crecimiento registrado en America Latina a finales de la decada del 2000 puede ser atribuida a multiplicadores (directos y principalmente indirectos) inducidos por el espectacular crecimiento de la economia china durante el mismo periodo.
Acidification of the endocytic and exocytic pathways.

AND PERSPECTIVES 664 THE ORGANEL L ES OF THE EXOAND ENDOCYTIC PATHWAyS . 665 The Endocytic Pathway . 665 The Exocytic Pathways. 667 CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTON ATPases 667
Etude des souches du virus de l’hépatite B dans les compartiments sérique et leucocytaire chez des patients présentant une infection B occulte et chez des témoins

Les facteurs a l’origine des infections occultes par le virus de l’hepatite B (VHB) etant encore mal connus, nos travaux ont eu pour objectif d’ameliorer la comprehension des mecanismes a l’origine de la persistance virale chez les patients AgHBs-. Nous avons analyse la sequence du gene S dans des populations de patients porteurs d’anticorps anti-HBc isoles, et plus particulierement d’un patient multiinfecte ayant reactive son hepatite B, et montre que les mutations dans la region antigenique majeure de la proteine de surface ne peuvent etre seules responsables du profil d’AgHBs-. Les leucocytes peripheriques (PBMC) pourraient jouer un role de reservoir de multiplication du VHB, permettant au virus d’echapper a la reponse immune. Nous avons mis au point une technique sensible et tres specifique de quantification des intermediaires de replication cccDNA du virus dans les PBMC et adapte une methode publiee de detection de l’ADN integre. Nous avons detecte l’ADN du VHB dans les PBMC d’une forte proportion de patients AgHBs-. Cet ADN est essentiellement sous forme relâchee, la presence du cccDNA ou de l’ADN integre parait anecdotique ou tres minoritaire. L’etude de patients porteurs chroniques de l’AgHBs suggere egalement le role de reservoir passif des PBMC. La detection d’ADN integre dans le foie ou dans les PBMC de deux patients AgHBs+ a montre le caractere fragmente du genome integre. Cette fragmentation pourrait expliquer le defaut d’expression de l’AgHBs chez les patients AgHBs-. Nous ne pouvons pas exclure que l’absence de detection de l’ADN integre dans les PBMC des patients AgHBs- soit lie a un manque de sensibilite de la technique. La poursuite de ces travaux devrait permettre de mieux comprendre les mecanismes des infections occultes.
Pituitary volume and headache: size is not everything.

BACKGROUND Pituitary tumors are commonly associated with disabling headache. The accepted mechanisms for headache are dural stretch and cavernous sinus invasion. OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a relationship between pituitary tumor size and the report of headache. DESIGN We prospectively studied 63 patients who were initially seen with pituitary tumors. Clinical headache scores, pituitary tumor volume, and the extent of cavernous sinus invasion were obtained for each patient. RESULTS The prevalence of headache was 70%. There was no positive correlation the between clinical headache score and pituitary volume (r = -0.32, P =.01, Spearman rank correlation). There was also no association between cavernous sinus invasion and headache. There was a strong association between pituitary-associated headache and a family history of headache (chi(2) = 8.36, P =. 004). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a pituitary tumor-associated headache may not simply be a structural problem. Other factors such as family history of headache, and the endocrine activity of the tumor may be equally important determinants of headache. Elucidating these mechanisms will aid in the treatment of these patients and further our understanding of other headache syndromes.
Mechanisms of loss of functional dendritic cells in HIV‐1 infection

Dendritic cells (DC) are lost from blood and skin during infection with HIV‐1; those remaining show a reduced capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation [S. C. Knight, AIDS 10, 807–817]. Our recent studies investigate mechanisms underlying these effects. DC exposed to HIV‐1 in vitro can act as targets for cytotoxic T cells, although optimal killing was not obtained until DC were exposed to HIV‐1 for 3 days. This cytotoxicity may provide a feedback mechanism by which DC that have presented antigens are removed. However, this effect could also contribute to the reduction in DC during persistent infection. We have also investigated the effect of exposure to HIV‐1 on DC function. DC exposed to HIV‐1IIIB virus for 2 h stimulated primary proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses in vitro; these effects may be similar to those occurring during the early activation of protective antiviral immunity in vivo. After exposure of DC to virus for 5 days, stimulation of allogeneic T cells was reduced. However, a different situation applied when using DC developed from CD34+ cord blood stem cells under the influence of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor a that were exposed at 24 h to the same virus. These DC showed low levels of infection similar to peripheral blood DC but in contrast stimulated normal allogeneic T cell proliferation. The capacity of DC exposed to HIV‐1 to stimulate T cell proliferation or to show a blocked stimulatory capacity may thus depend not only on the length of the exposure to virus but also on the maturational state of the DC. Loss in DC numbers and function on exposure to HIV‐1 may result in lower levels of stimulation of T cells, which in turn may be instrumental in reduction of T cell numbers. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62: 78–81; 1997.
Optimization of Domain Wall Oscillations in Magnetic Nanowires

By properly choosing material parameters and geometry of a magnetic nanowire, pinned domain wall oscillations at a local constriction can be obtained at low current densities. The thickness modulation of the wire gives an additional uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, which modifies the transverse anisotropy energy that defines the critical current density required for the onset of domain wall oscillations. Broadband microwave signals are obtained with these values of current density.
Legal, ethical and historical aspects of assisted human reproduction.

The process of human reproduction can be controlled in several ways: artificial insemination donor, the tesHube baby procedure or IVF+ET(whichwould include sperm, egg and embryo donation), experimentation on human embryos, substitution of parenthood (surrogacy), genetic engineering (or recombinant DNA technology), and elective abortion. Much of the basic philosophy and rationalefor this area of human activity is covered effectively by Glanville Williams (1958).
CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 Is Required for the UV-B Response in Arabidopsis[W]

CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) is a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. COP1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, targeting select proteins for proteasomal degradation in plants as well as in mammals. Among its substrates is the basic domain/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), one of the key regulators of photomorphogenesis under all light qualities, including UV-B responses required for tolerance to this environmental threat. Here, we report that, in contrast with the situation in visible light, COP1 is a critical positive regulator of responses to low levels of UV-B. We show that in the cop1-4 mutant, flavonoid accumulation and genome-wide expression changes in response to UV-B are blocked to a large extent. COP1 is required for HY5 gene activation, and both COP1 and HY5 proteins accumulate in the nucleus under supplementary UV-B. SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME A-105 family proteins (SPA1 to SPA4) that are required for COP1 function in dark and visible light are not essential in the response to UV-B. We conclude that COP1 performs a specific and novel role in the plants' photomorphogenic response to UV-B, coordinating HY5-dependent and -independent pathways, which eventually results in UV-B tolerance.
The role of proteases in matrix breakdown during cellular invasion.

Definition of abbreviations: TIMP = tissue inhibitor of metal· loproleinases; EACA = epsilon-aminocaproic acid; u·PA = urokinase plasminogen activator; t·PA = tissue plasminogen activator. • The concentrations of the reagents used were: anticollagenase serum, 10 "l/ml; TIMP, 10 "glml, O-phenanlhrollne, 10 "glml; trasylol, 200 V/ml; EACA, 50G"glml; soybean tryp· sin inhibitor, 100 "glml; Q,·antiplasmin,2.2 "glml; u·PA antiserum, 10 "lIml; anti+PA IgG, lG "lIml; antipain, lGG "glml; leupeptin, 100 "g/ml; E64, 36 "glml; cystatin, 10 "glml. The data points represent the means of four independent experi· ments. Each expenmentwas done in triplicate.