Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Text-mining in cancer research may help identify effective treatments.

Global cancer incidence has rapidly increased over the past few decades. In 2018, around 18.1 million people were diagnosed with cancer worldwide (1). With advanced cancer research and healthcare systems, five-year survival trends are generally increasing. Still, cancer is the second leading causes of death and counts for 9.6 million deaths globally (2). Systematical curations of cancer-related studies are beneficial to researchers as they seek to discover novel treatments for curing cancer.
Morphine produces potent antinociception, sedation, and hypothermia in humanized mice expressing human mu opioid receptor splice variants.

Morphine is a strong painkiller acting through mu opioid receptor (MOR). Full-length 7-transmembrane (TM) variants of MOR share similar amino acid sequences of TM domains in rodents and humans; however, interspecies differences in N- and C-terminal amino acid sequences of MOR splice variants dramatically affect the downstream signaling. Thus, it is essential to develop a mouse model that expresses human MOR splice variants for opioid pharmacological studies. We generated two lines of fully humanized MOR mice (hMOR; mMOR mice), line #1 and #2. The novel murine model having human OPRM1 genes and human-specific variants was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the MinION nanopore sequencing. The differences in the regional distribution of MOR between wild-type (WT) and humanized MOR mice brains were detected by RNAscope and radioligand binding assay. hMOR; mMOR mice were characterized in vivo using a tail-flick, charcoal meal, open field, tail suspension, naloxone precipitation tests, and rectal temperature measurement. The data indicated that WT and humanized MOR mice exhibited different pharmacology of morphine, including antinociception, tolerance, sedation, and withdrawal syndromes, suggesting the presence of species difference between mouse and human MORs. Therefore, hMOR; mMOR mice could serve as a novel mouse model for pharmacogenetic studies of opioids.
Progress of Pathogenesy and Inflammation in Alzheimer′s Disease

Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is the common neurodegenerative disease in the elder.Its pathological features are neurofibrillary tangle in neurocyte and neuritic plaque out neurocyte.The chronic inflammation resulting from accumulation of Aβ is considered to be the important factor of AD.So,the study about chronic inflammation related to Aβ is the therapeutic focus of AD.This article reviews the study about pathogenesy and inflammation mediated by Aβ of AD.
Add-on aliskiren treatment can decrease blood pressure but requires attention to risks of renal impairment and hyperkalemia Chikushi Anti-Hypertension Trial-Rasilez® (CHAT-Ras)

ABSTRACT Background Renin is the starting point of the renin angiotensin (RA) system cycle. Aliskiren (AL), which is a direct renin inhibitor, suppressed the entire RA cycle. In the present study, the efficacy of add-on of AL treatment in patients with essential hypertension (HT) was investigated. Methods This study was a multi-center, open-label, prospective, observational study. Study subjects were patients with essential HT and poor blood pressure (BP) control, who had received calcium channel blocker monotherapy or angiotensin II receptor blocker monotherapy or had not received any BP lowering drugs. Following add-on of AL for 12 months, BP and additional laboratory findings were analyzed. Results A total of 150 subjects were enrolled. There were 50 dropout subjects including discontinuation. Dropouts were the highest in the ARB combination therapy group at 9 subjects due to adverse events, and 3 of them were due to hyperkalemia. A significantly higher number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) dropped out compared to patients without CKD (φ = 0.166, p < .05). BP before add-on of AL was 155/88 mmHg. After add-on of AL, BP was significantly improved and this lowering was sustained for 3 months (136/78 mmHg, p < .001), 6 months (136/77 mmHg, p < .001) and 12 months (134/78 mmHg, p < .001). In contrast, add-on of AL increased the potassium level and decreased the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion While add-on AL treatment achieved a favorable and sustained decrease of BP in this study, caution is necessary with regard to elevation of potassium levels and renal impairment.
Suitability of elderly adult hospital readmission rates for profiling readmissions in younger adult and pediatric populations.

OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between hospital 30-day risk-standardized readmission rates (RSRRs) in elderly adults and those in nonelderly adults and children. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING US hospitals (n = 1760 hospitals admitting adult patients and 235 hospitals admitting both adult and pediatric patients) in the 2013-2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis comparing 30-day RSRRs for elderly adult (≥65 years), middle-aged adult (40-64 years), young adult (18-39 years), and pediatric (1-17 years) patients. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Hospital elderly adult RSRRs were strongly correlated with middle-aged adult RSRRs (Pearson R2 .69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-0.71]), moderately correlated with young adult RSRRs (Pearson R2 .44 [95% CI 0.40-0.47]), and weakly correlated with pediatric RSRRs (Pearson R2 .28 [95% CI 0.17-0.38]). Nearly identical findings were observed with measures of interquartile agreement and Kappa statistics. This stepwise relationship between age and strength of correlation was consistent across every hospital characteristic. CONCLUSIONS Hospital readmission rates in elderly adults, which are currently used for public reporting and hospital comparisons, may reflect broader hospital readmission performance in middle-aged and young adult populations; however, they are not reflective of hospital performance in pediatric populations.
Tracking the phenology of photosynthesis using carotenoid sensitive and near-infrared reflectance vegetation indices in a temperate evergreen and mixed deciduous forest.

Photosynthetic phenology is an important indicator of annual gross primary productivity (GPP). Assessing photosynthetic phenology remotely is difficult for evergreen conifers as they remain green year-round. Carotenoid-based vegetation indices such as the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI) are promising tools to remotely track the invisible phenology of photosynthesis by assessing carotenoid pigment dynamics. PRI, CCI and the near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRV ) index, may act as proxies of photosynthetic efficiency (ɛ), an important parameter in light-use efficiency (LUE) models, or direct proxies of photosynthesis. To understand the physiological mechanisms reflected by PRI and CCI and the ability of vegetation indices to act as proxies of photosynthetic activity for estimating GPP, we measured leaf pigment composition, PRI, CCI, NIRV and photosynthetic activity at the leaf- and canopy-scales over 2-years in an evergreen and mixed deciduous forest. PRI and CCI captured the large seasonal carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios changes and good relationships were observed between PRI-ɛ and CCI-photosynthesis and NIRV -photosynthesis. PRI-, CCI- and NIRV -based models effectively tracked observed seasonal GPP. We propose that carotenoid-based and near-infrared reflectance vegetation indices may provide a useful proxy of photosynthetic activity and can improve remote sensing-based models of GPP in evergreen and deciduous forests.
Filamentous versus Spherical Morphology: A Case Study of the Recombinant A/WSN/33 (H1N1) Virus

Abstract Influenza A virus is a serious human pathogen that assembles enveloped virions on the plasma membrane of the host cell. The pleiomorphic morphology of influenza A virus, represented by spherical, elongated, or filamentous particles, is important for the spread of the virus in nature. Using fixative protocols for sample preparation and negative staining electron microscopy, we found that the recombinant A/WSN/33 (H1N1) (rWSN) virus, a strain considered to be strictly spherical, may produce filamentous particles when amplified in the allantoic cavity of chicken embryos. In contrast, the laboratory WSN strain and the rWSN virus amplified in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells exhibited a spherical morphology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) suggested a rare Ser126Cys substitution in the M1 protein of rWSN, which was confirmed by the mass spectrometric analysis. No structurally relevant substitutions were found by NGS in other proteins of rWSN. Bioinformatics algorithms predicted a neutral structural effect of the Ser126Cys mutation. The mrWSN_M1_126S virus generated after the introduction of the reverse Cys126Ser substitution exhibited a similar host-dependent partially filamentous phenotype. We hypothesize that a shortage of some as-yet-undefined cellular components involved in virion budding and membrane scission may result in the appearance of filamentous particles in the case of usually “nonfilamentous” virus strains.
Potentials and pitfalls of networking in interdisciplinary education: Taking on the challenges in Gerontology and Geriatrics

ABSTRACT Gerontology and geriatrics are quintessentially interdisciplinary fields. To understand aging, an interdisciplinary perspective is necessary; to provide quality care to older adults with complex, chronic conditions, an interprofessional team is required. Academic, clinical, and community-based settings – with their vertical organizational structures – need bridging strategies to create networks that support interdisciplinary education in both classroom and experiential settings. Taking on these challenges requires emphasizing the importance of key competencies that integrate the unique perspectives, contributions, and roles of different disciplines, and creating the connections critical for promoting interdisciplinary education. First, this paper develops a theoretical foundation for networking to construct and maintain educational and service provider partnerships. Second, the organizational and institutional requirements for successful networking are explored, based on both empirical research and principles from the theoretical framework. Finally, practical recommendations for the development of key strategies for implementing and sustaining interdisciplinary and academic-clinical-community partnerships are summarized.
31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in skeletal muscle: Experts' consensus recommendations

Skeletal muscle phosphorus‐31 31P MRS is the oldest MRS methodology to be applied to in vivo metabolic research. The technical requirements of 31P MRS in skeletal muscle depend on the research question, and to assess those questions requires understanding both the relevant muscle physiology, and how 31P MRS methods can probe it. Here we consider basic signal‐acquisition parameters related to radio frequency excitation, TR, TE, spectral resolution, shim and localisation. We make specific recommendations for studies of resting and exercising muscle, including magnetisation transfer, and for data processing. We summarise the metabolic information that can be quantitatively assessed with 31P MRS, either measured directly or derived by calculations that depend on particular metabolic models, and we give advice on potential problems of interpretation. We give expected values and tolerable ranges for some measured quantities, and minimum requirements for reporting acquisition parameters and experimental results in publications. Reliable examination depends on a reproducible setup, standardised preconditioning of the subject, and careful control of potential difficulties, and we summarise some important considerations and potential confounders. Our recommendations include the quantification and standardisation of contraction intensity, and how best to account for heterogeneous muscle recruitment. We highlight some pitfalls in the assessment of mitochondrial function by analysis of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery kinetics. Finally, we outline how complementary techniques (near‐infrared spectroscopy, arterial spin labelling, BOLD and various other MRI and 1H MRS measurements) can help in the physiological/metabolic interpretation of 31P MRS studies by providing information about blood flow and oxygen delivery/utilisation. Our recommendations will assist in achieving the fullest possible reliable picture of muscle physiology and pathophysiology.
Determination of surface dose in pencil beam scanning proton therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Quantification of surface dose within the first few hundred water equivalent µm is challenging. Nevertheless, it is of large interest for the proton therapy community to study dose effects in the skin. The experimental determination is affected by the detector properties, such as the detector volume and material. The ICRU in its report 39 recommends assessing the skin dose at a depth of 0.07 mm. The aim of this study is the estimation of the absorbed dose at and around a depth of 70 µm. We used various dosimetric approaches in conjunction with proton pencil beam scanning delivery to determine the skin dose in a clinical setting. MATERIAL/METHODS Five different detectors were tested for determining the surface dose in water: EBT3 and HD-V2 GAFCHROMIC™ radiochromic film, LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeter, IBA PPC05 plane-parallel ionization chamber and PTW 23391 extrapolation chamber. The irradiation setup consisted of quasi-monoenergetic scanned proton pencil beams with kinetic energies of 100 MeV, 150 MeV and 226.7 MeV, respectively. Radiochromic films were placed within a vertical stack and in wedge geometry and were analyzed with FilmQA Pro™ adopting triple channel dosimetry. The extrapolation chamber PTW 23391, which served as a reference in the current work, was used in a conventional ionization chamber setup with a fixed electrode gap of 2 mm. Three Kapton® entrance windows with thicknesses of 25 μm, 50 μm and 75 μm were employed. TLDs were provided as powder and were pressed onto a sheet of aluminum. Furthermore, TOPAS in version 3.1. p2 was used to model an IBA pencil beam scanning nozzle and score dose to water in a water phantom. RESULTS The resulting depth dose curves were normalized to their 100% dose at the reference depth of 3 cm. We obtained the skin doses with the extrapolation chamber and with TOPAS. For the experimental approach this resulted in 79.7±0.3%, 86.0±0.6% and 87.1±0.1% for the proton energies 100 MeV, 150 MeV and 226.7 MeV, respectively. The results for TOPAS were 80.1±0.2% (100 MeV), 87.1±0.5% (150 MeV) and 86.9±0.4% (226.7 MeV), respectively. Based on the experimental results of the skin dose, we provided a clinically relevant surface extrapolation factor for the common measurement methods. This allows the result of the first measurement depth of a detector to be scaled to the dose at the skin depth. Most practical would be the use of the surface extrapolation factor for the PPC05 chamber, due to its direct reading, the wide availability in clinics and the low uncertainties. The calculated factors were 0.986±0.004 for 100 MeV, 0.961±0.008 for 150 MeV and 0.963±0.003 for 226.7 MeV. CONCLUSIONS In this study, dissimilar experimental approaches were evaluated with respect to measurements at depths close to the surface. The experimental depth dose curves are in good agreement with the simulation with TOPAS Monte Carlo. To the author's knowledge this was the first experimental determination of the skin dose according to the ICRU 39 definition in proton pencil beam scanning.
Comparison of a New Swept-Source Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and a Scheimpflug Camera for Measurement of Corneal Curvature.

PURPOSE To evaluate the agreement of corneal curvature measured by a newly introduced swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA2) and Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). METHODS Corneal curvature was measured in 49 healthy subjects (age: 24.8 ± 4.36) by using CASIA2 and Pentacam. Repeatability was evaluated for CASIA2, and agreement between the CASIA2 and Pentacam was assessed. The coefficient of repeatability, the relative coefficient of repeatability, the range of the limits of agreement were analyzed, and Bland-Altman plots were performed to assess the interdevice agreement of measurement. RESULTS For the intradevice reliability of the CASIA2, the mean difference between the 2 examinations was from 0.02 to 0.14 D for the corneal curvatures and the limits of agreement range was from 0.45 to 2.42 D for the corneal curvatures; there was no statistically significant difference found between the first and second examinations obtained from CASIA2 (P > 0.05). For agreement between the 2 devices, the Bland-Altman analysis of the posterior corneal curvature showed a mean difference of 0.16 D (P = 0.047) in the flat posterior corneal curvature and 0.16 D (P = 0.046) in the steep posterior corneal curvature. For the measurement of anterior corneal curvature and true net power (TNP) with the Pentacam and CASIA2, there was no significant difference in the flat anterior corneal curvature (P = 0.585), steep anterior corneal curvature (P = 0.274), flat TNP (P = 0.685), and steep TNP (P = 0.447). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated generally good agreement of corneal curvature measurement by using Pentacam and CASIA2. We consequently expect no difference in clinical outcome when measurements for corneal curvature, especially anterior corneal curvature and TNP, are performed with either of the devices.
Comparative Insight into the Bacterial Communities in Alate and Apterous Morphs of Brown Citrus Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract Wing polyphenism (alate and apterous morphs) in aphids is a trade-off between dispersal and reproduction. How bacterial communities are associated with wing polyphenism in aphids is still not clearly understood. This study used 16S rRNA sequencing to examine the differences in diversity of the bacterial community between alate and apterous morphs in Aphis citricidus, the main vector of the Citrus tristeza virus. Eighty-one operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 37 orders, 34 classes, and 13 phyla were identified from all samples. Among these OTUs, Wolbachia (79.17%), Buchnera (17.64%), and Pseudomonas (2.99%) were the dominant bacterial genera. The diversity of symbionts varied between the two morphs; apterous morphs had more bacterial diversity (69 OTUs belonging to 45 families, 21 classes, and 12 phyla) than alate morphs (45 OTUs belonging to 36 families, 15 classes, and 10 phyla). In addition, the abundance of five OTUs was significantly different between two morphs. Among these OTUs, two Pseudomonas species (Pseudomonas_brenneri [OTU21] and unclassified_ Pseudomonas [OTU13]) represented a high proportion (3.93% and 2.06%) in alate morphs but were present in low abundance (0.006% and 0.002%) in apterous morphs. RT-qPCR showed consistent results with high-throughput DNA sequencing. The preliminary survey showed the difference in composition and frequency of bacteria between alate and apterous morphs. Thus, the results contribute to anew insight of microorganisms that may be involved in wing dimorphism and helpful for controlling the dispersal of this pest through artificial elimination or reinfection of bacterial symbionts or targeting symbiosis-related host genes by RNA interference in future.
The Birth Sisters Program: A Model of Hospital-Based Doula Support to Promote Health Equity

Summary:Maternity care in the United States is characterized by racial and income disparities in maternal and infant outcomes. This article describes an innovative, hospital-based doula model serving a racially and ethnically diverse, low-income population. The program's history, program model, administration requirements, training, and evaluations are described.
Gadolinium causes M1 and M2 microglial apoptosis after intracerebral haemorrhage and exerts acute neuroprotective effects

Gadolinium (Gd) affects microglial polarization during remyelination. We previously reported that the suppression of proinflammatory microglia was neuroprotective in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Gd on microglial polarization and neuronal injury after ICH.
Humoral Alloreactivity in VCA Recipients: Should We Learn From Our Experience?

Initially overlooked in favor of T cell–mediated rejection, the importance of the humoral alloimmune response has progressively emerged. As a result, antibody-mediated rejection is now widely recognized as the main cause of late allograft loss in most (if not all) types of solid-organ transplantation. Over the last 2 decades, vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has appeared for replacing tissue defects in patients for whom no other satisfactory reconstructive options were available. Although it is now clear that VCA recipients can develop donor-specific antibodies, conclusions made in solid organ transplantation regarding antibody-mediated rejection may not systematically apply to VCA. Here, we propose to use the experience gained in organ transplantation to shed light on the path that shall be followed to evaluate and manage humoral alloreactivity in VCA recipients.
Phenotypic characterization and genome-wide association studies of digital cushion thickness in Holstein cows.

The bovine digital cushion is a compression pad between the distal phalanx and sole and has been associated with claw horn disruption lesions. Digital cushion thickness (DCT) is estimated to be moderately heritable. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to examine influences of management and environment on DCT and to identify genetic markers and candidate genes associated with DCT. In a cohort of 502 Holsteins from 5 farms in New York, DCT and body condition score (BCS) were collected twice, at <137 d prepartum and from 86 to 127 d in milk, corresponding to periods when the digital cushion is thickest and thinnest, respectively, as determined by previous research. Cows underwent sonographic examination of the digital cushion evaluated at the typical sole ulcer site for the right front and hind foot. Linear mixed models were conducted on DCT with the fixed effects of time point, digit, wither height, sacral height, BCS group, and multiple farm system variables separately and included random effects to control for the random subset of cows per farm, repeated measures, and multiple measurements from each cow. The phenotypic results indicated that DCT varied by sample time point, sacral height, parity, digit, BCS group, and wither height. For the genotypic study, 447 DNA samples were genotyped on the Illumina BovineHD 777K beadchip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Quality assessment of markers and samples provided a final data set of 431 samples and 579,449 markers. Genome-wide association studies were conducted for DCT testing inheritance models and genetic variation of digit, foot, time point, and average thickness. One marker passed the Bonferroni correction threshold and 26 passed false discovery rate from 4 genome-wide association studies with covariates of sequencing batch plate, parity group, BCS, wither height, and sacral height. Ten candidate genes were identified, with 2 genes on Bos taurus autosomes 24 and 29 involved in biological functions related to the digital cushion: MC4R and DLG2 were related to fat deposition and bone growth, respectively. The genetic markers discovered in this study have the opportunity to be used in breeding programs using genomic selection to select against claw horn disruption lesions and lameness due to associations between the markers and DCT. Further studies on the biologically plausible candidate genes may identify causative genetic variants and how they relate to DCT through gene regulation, expression, structure, or copy number variation.