Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial comparing axillary clearance versus no axillary clearance in older patients with breast cancer: first results of International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial 10-93.

PURPOSE Axillary clearance in early breast cancer aims to improve locoregional control and provide staging information but is associated with undesirable morbidity. We therefore investigated whether avoiding axillary surgery in older women would result in improved quality of life (QL) with similar disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1993 and 2002, women > or = 60 years old with clinically node-negative operable breast cancer in whom adjuvant tamoxifen was considered indicated regardless of pathologic nodal status were randomly assigned to primary surgery plus axillary clearance (Sx + Ax) followed by tamoxifen (Tam) versus Sx without Ax followed by Tam for 5 consecutive years. The primary end point was QL reported by the patient and by physician assessment. RESULTS A total of 473 patients (234 to Sx + Ax, 239 to Sx) were randomly assigned. The median age was 74 years; 80% had estrogen receptor-positive disease. In both the patients' subjective assessment of their QL and the physicians' perception of the patients' QL, the largest adverse QL effects of Ax were observed from baseline to the first postoperative assessment, but the differences tended to disappear in 6 to 12 months. At a median follow-up of 6.6 years, results for Sx + Ax and Sx yielded similar DFS (6-year DFS, 67% v 66%; hazard ratio [HR] Sx + Ax/Sx, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.42; P = .69) and OS (6-year OS, 75% v 73%; HR Sx + Ax/Sx, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.46; P = .77). CONCLUSION Avoiding axillary clearance for women > or = 60 years old who have clinically node-negative disease and receive Tam for endocrine-responsive disease yields similar efficacy with better early QL.
AQR in Wonderland: Down the Rabbit Hole of 'Deactivating Active Share' (and Back Out Again?)

The April 2015 paper “Deactivating Active Share”, released by AQR Capital Management, aims to debunk the claim that Active Share (a measure of active management) predicts investment performance. The claim of the AQR paper is that “neither theory nor data justify the expectation that Active Share might help investors improve their returns,” arguing that previous results are “entirely driven by the strong correlation between Active Share and the benchmark type. ” This paper’s first and main aim is to establish that the AQR paper should not be interpreted using typical academic standards. Instead, our conjecture is that this AQR paper falls into a wonderfully creative but altogether different genre, which we label the Wonderland Genre, as its main characteristic seems to be “Sentence First, Verdict Later. ” For example, the results in the AQR-WP cannot be taken at face value, as the information that is not shared reverses their main conclusion.Secondarily, we consider the plausible claim that benchmark styles matter and find that controlling for the main benchmark style, the predictability of Active Share is robust. While Active Share is only one tool among many to analyze investment funds and needs to be carefully interpreted for each fund individually, Active Share may indeed plausibly help investors improve their returns. Thirdly and finally, we impolitely consider why AQR may not be a big fan of Active Share by taking a look at the AQR mutual funds offered to retail investors. We find that these tend to have relatively low Active Shares, have shown little outperformance to date (with performance data ending in 2014) and thus seem fairly expensive given the amount of differentiation they offer.
A prospective multicenter clinical trial of 3i machined-surface implants: results after 6 years of follow-up.

PURPOSE In this prospective multicenter clinical study, 1,179 3i standard threaded and self-tapping implants were followed for up to 6 years and monitored according to established success criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 493 patients (240 men and 253 women) with a mean age of 45.1 years at implant surgery were enrolled at 6 research centers after being screened for exclusion criteria. Implants were placed according to a 2-stage surgical protocol with a minimum of 4 months of submerged healing in the mandible and 6 months in the maxilla. Restorations included 633 prostheses, the majority of which were fixed partial dentures in the posterior mandible or maxilla or single-tooth replacements in the anterior maxilla. RESULTS One hundred four implants (8.8%) did not meet success criteria and were designated as failures, and 222 implants (18.8%) were lost to follow-up. The cumulative success rate according to life table methods was 91.1% at 6 years. DISCUSSION Sixty percent of the failed implants were short (< or = 10 mm long), and their cumulative success rate as a group at 6 years was 89.0%, compared to 93.1% for longer implants (P < .05). Thirty-three percent of all failures were implants placed in the posterior maxilla, for a 5-year cumulative success rate of 87.4%. CONCLUSION It appears that limited bone dimensions and poor-quality bone have an impact on the performance of these machined-surface implants.
Thymosin β4: a potential novel dry eye therapy

The purpose of this manuscript is to review the clinical entity of dry eye syndrome (DES) and to provide a scientific basis and rationale for the usage of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) as a novel therapy for DES. DES is a common disorder affecting an estimated 25–30 million people in the United States alone and is characterized by inflammation of the ocular surface. Consequently, patients can suffer from burning, irritation, severe discomfort, foreign body sensation, and blurry and decreased vision. Recent animal studies of DES demonstrate that Tβ4 eye drops significantly reduce corneal fluorescein staining, indicating improved wound healing. Based on previous studies, there is clear support for further clinical investigation and development of Tβ4 as a novel, safe, and effective agent to treat dry eye. Herein, we discuss the scientific and clinical rationales that make Tβ4 a potential ideal candidate therapeutic for DES.
A conceptual framework and hypotheses for the adoption of e-business intelligence

E-business intelligence aims to develop a tremendous spectrum of business opportunities. User's adoption of the business intelligence is very important. Consequently, a deeper insight into theory-based research is required to better understand the motivation that lead users to adopting E-business intelligence. This paper reviews the existing acceptance theories and constructs affecting users adoption behavior are discussed and relevant propositions are made.
An Empirical Test of the Effect of Outrage Costs on CEO Compensation Level

Managerial power theory predicts that increased disclosure about CEO compensation will limit or even decrease CEO compensation through increased outrage costs. Empirical testing of this key conjecture by using data from a mandatory disclosure setting is difficult as any change in CEO compensation after mandatory disclosure can be attributed to the fact that CEO compensation did not reflect the underlying economic determinants. By using data from a voluntary disclosure environment, this study develops a cleaner test of the effect of disclosure on CEO compensation level. In line with managerial power theory, we expect a decrease in compensation levels for CEOs who are in the upper part of the compensation distribution. For CEOs who are in the lower part of the compensation distribution, we expect that increased disclosure will instigate social comparison processes, leading to an increase in compensation levels. To test our theory, we use data from Belgian listed firms as the introduction of a corporate governance code in 2005 can be considered as a shock with respect to disclosure of CEO compensation for Belgian listed firms. Consistent with our theory, we find a dual effect of disclosing CEO compensation in which the influence of disclosure on CEO compensation is driven by the difference between the compensation of the CEO and the average (or median) compensation of the reference group. First, disclosure has the intended effect, since CEOs who are in the upper part of the compensation distribution are faced with a decrease in compensation. Second, disclosure of CEO compensation also leads to an unintended effect since compensation levels of CEOs who are below the average (or median) of the peer group increase through increased social comparison. This paper thus provides a more nuanced view on the claim of managerial power theory that ‘sunlight is the best disinfectant’.
Externalities and Macroprudential Policy

This note overviews macroprudential policy options that have been proposed to address the systemic risks experienced during the recent financial crisis. It contributes to the policy debate by providing a taxonomy of macroprudential policies in terms of the specific negative externalities in the financial system that these policies are meant to address, and discusses their interrelations and some key implementation issues.
Making Way for the Car: Minimum Parking Requirements and Porirua City Centre

Minimum parking requirements (MPRs) mandate that each new development provides enough parking to ensure ample provision at the time of peak demand. This approach tends to oversupply parking above the optimal level, and by bundling parking into the development costs, ensures that parking is free to the user. As a result, land-use and transport decisions are distorted. A case study of Porirua central business district (CBD) was undertaken to investigate the use of MPRs in the New Zealand context, and to assess their impacts on transport and land-use patterns. Findings indicate that MPRs tend to oversupply parking relative to weekly mean and peak occupancies. Land use mapping found that 24 percent of CBD land is allocated to car parking and MPRs were shown to contribute to dispersed development patterns. Stated choice data and a cost recovery model for car parking highlight how free and ample car parking provision favours car driving and has distortionary impacts on travel decisions.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Antagonists Promote Proapoptotic Signaling in Peripheral Reproductive Tumor Cells by Activating a Gαi-Coupling State of the Type I GnRH Receptor

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor agonists are extensively used in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent cancers via the desensitization of pituitary gonadotropes and consequent decrease in steroid sex hormone secretion. However, evidence now points to a direct inhibitory effect of GnRH analogs on cancer cells. These effects appear to be mediated via the Gαi-type G protein, in contrast to the predominant Gαq coupling in gonadotropes. Unlike Gαq coupling, Gαi coupling of the GnRH receptor can be activated by both agonists and antagonists. This unusual pharmacology suggested that the receptor involved in the cancer cells may not be the classical gonadotrope type I GnRH receptor. However, we have previously shown that a functional type II GnRH receptor is not present in man. In the present study, we show that GnRH agonists and selective GnRH antagonists exert potent antiproliferative effects on JEG-3 choriocarcinoma, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH-1), and HEK293 cells stably expressing the type I GnRH receptor. This antiproliferative action occurs through a Gαi-mediated activation of stress-activated protein kinase pathways, resulting in caspase activation and transmembrane transfer of phosphatidlyserine to the outer membrane envelope. Structurally related antagonistic GnRH analogs displayed divergent antiproliferative efficacies but demonstrated equal efficacies in inhibiting GnRH-induced Gαq-based signaling. Therefore the ability of GnRH receptor antagonists to exert an antiproliferative effect on reproductive tumors may be dependent on ligand-selective activation of the Gαi-coupled form of the type I GnRH receptor.
Optimal Linear Codes Over GF(7) and GF(11) with Dimension 3

Let nq(k;d) denote the smallest value of n for which there exists a linear (n;k;d)-code over the Galois eld GF (q). An (n;k;d)-code whose length is equal to nq(k;d) is called optimal. In this paper we present some matrix generators for the family of optimal (n; 3;d) codes over GF (7) and GF (11). Most of our given codes in GF (7) are non- isomorphic with the codes presented before. Our given codes in GF (11) are all new.
Transcriptional Profile of Denervated Vastus Lateralis Muscle Derived from a Patient 8 Months after Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report

A lack of motor neurons abolishes both neurotrophic factor secretion and contractile activity in muscle, which impairs mass, contractile properties, and fibre-type characteristics of the muscle. However, the molecular pathways that can be stimulated or repressed in the scenario of spinal cord injury remain unknown. We investigated for the first time the transcriptional profile of a young male patient 8 months after spinal cord injury. Adaptive metabolic changes of complete denervated skeletal muscle were revealed. In particular, the main molecular pathways involved include metabolic and proteolitic pathways, mitochondrial and synaptic function, calcium homeostasis, sarcomere and anchorage structures. Our data depict the molecular signalling still present in complete denervated skeletal muscle fibres a few months after spinal cord injury. These data could be of interest also to design a specific therapeutic approach aimed at the electrical-stimulation of severe atrophied skeletal muscle.
Synthesis and Characterization of NESS 0327: A Novel Putative Antagonist of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor

The compound N-piperidinyl-[8-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo [6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide] (NESS 0327) was synthesized and evaluated for binding affinity toward cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor. NESS 0327 exhibited a stronger selectivity for CB1 receptor compared with N-piperidinyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (SR 141716A), showing a much higher affinity for CB1 receptor (Ki = 350 ± 5 fM and 1.8 ± 0.075 nM, respectively) and a higher affinity for the CB2 receptor (Ki = 21 ± 0.5 nM and 514 ± 30 nM, respectively). Affinity ratios demonstrated that NESS 0327 was more than 60,000-fold selective for the CB1 receptor, whereas SR 141716A only 285-fold. NESS 0327 alone did not produce concentration-dependent stimulation of guanosine 5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)-triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) binding in rat cerebella membranes. Conversely, NESS 0327 antagonized [R(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrolol [1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-yl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate] (WIN 55,212-2)-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. In functional assay, NESS 0327 antagonized the inhibitory effects of WIN 55,212-2 on electrically evoked contractions in mouse isolated vas deferens preparations with pA2 value of 12.46 ± 0.23. In vivo studies indicated that NESS 0327 antagonized the antinociceptive effect produced by WIN 55,212-2 (2 mg/kg s.c.) in both tail-flick (ID50 = 0.042 ± 0.01 mg/kg i.p.) and hot-plate test (ID50 = 0.018 ± 0.006 mg/kg i.p.). These results indicated that NESS 0327 is a novel cannabinoid antagonist with high selectivity for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.
Ratings of perceived exertion in adults with chronically physical challenges.

AIM The purposes of this study were to investigate: the relationship between ratings perceived exertion (RPE) and percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max) during submaximal exercise; the influence of daily physical activities on RPE; and the influence of aerobic fitness on RPE. METHODS The participants were thirty-eight adults with chronically physical challenges. Submaximal exercise testing was conducted to estimate VO2max. The participants themselves declared their perceived exertion just before the end of the exercise testing by indicating the Borg's 6-20 RPE scale. Measurement of continuous heart rates was employed for measurement of the intensity of daily physical activities. The relationship between %VO2max and RPE was analyzed. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between %VO2max and RPE only in the active men who did daily aerobic physical activities with intensity of 30%HRR and more (N.=9, r=0.74, P=0.02). In the good fitness groups of both women and men, the actual %VO2max in 11 out of 12 participants was lower than the reference value of %VO2max of the RPE while the opposite trend was found in poor aerobic fitness group. CONCLUSION Our results recommend that RPE should be used together with objective physiological variables such as HR for assessment of exercise intensity in people with chronically physical challenges, especially who are low in aerobic fitness or who are inactive.
Disulfide Bond Formation at the C Termini of Vaccinia Virus A26 and A27 Proteins Does Not Require Viral Redox Enzymes and Suppresses Glycosaminoglycan-Mediated Cell Fusion

ABSTRACT Vaccinia virus A26 protein is an envelope protein of the intracellular mature virus (IMV) of vaccinia virus. A mutant A26 protein with a truncation of the 74 C-terminal amino acids was expressed in infected cells but failed to be incorporated into IMV (W. L. Chiu, C. L. Lin, M. H. Yang, D. L. Tzou, and W. Chang, J. Virol 81:2149-2157, 2007). Here, we demonstrate that A27 protein formed a protein complex with the full-length form but not with the truncated form of A26 protein in infected cells as well as in IMV. The formation of the A26-A27 protein complex occurred prior to virion assembly and did not require another A27-binding protein, A17 protein, in the infected cells. A26 protein contains six cysteine residues, and in vitro mutagenesis showed that Cys441 and Cys442 mediated intermolecular disulfide bonds with Cys71 and Cys72 of viral A27 protein, whereas Cys43 and Cys342 mediated intramolecular disulfide bonds. A26 and A27 proteins formed disulfide-linked complexes in transfected 293T cells, showing that the intermolecular disulfide bond formation did not depend on viral redox pathways. Finally, using cell fusion from within and fusion from without, we demonstrate that cell surface glycosaminoglycan is important for virus-cell fusion and that A26 protein, by forming complexes with A27 protein, partially suppresses fusion.
An Investigation of Solutions to Empowering Iranian Rural People to Use Services Offered by Information and Communication Technology Service Offices: The Case of Isfahan Province

Problem statement: Knowledge and information should be provided for people effectively as they can use it in their life. Empowering rural people to use formation and knowledge is necessary and important than its Transfer. In order to develop information and communication services in rural area, services offices have been established, but the villagers do not ability to use services. This research identified the empowerment solutions for rural people in order to use services offered by ICT Services offices. Currently have access to 67% Iranian rural populations assess ICT Service Offices, therefore, empowering people can promote efficiency and effectiveness of ICT Service offices and accelerate rural development. Approach: A descriptive methodology was applied in this study, through questionnaires. In this study, 210 local authorities in five counties (Fereydan, Fereydonshahr, Semirom, Natanz and Golpaygan) of Isfahan province were selected through random sampling. The statistical analysis after data extraction was carried out by SPSS version13.0. Factor analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The findings revealed that four factors containing 33 variables explained 70.9% of variance. These factors were named: awareness (27.86% variance), Facilitation (16.39% variance), an institutional (13.55% variance) and context building (12.18% variance) to the representation. Conclusion: The findings regarding the strategies used in order to empower villagers desirable services shows that in short-term order should take action to capitalize on fundamental measures, facilitative and increase access to education and services and will encourage local orientation. Among the long-term should also focus on Facilitation-Increasing access to education and to encourage the local orientation, and using basic measures were. In order to empower the villagers regard to awareness factors-communication, facilitative-motivational, institutional-Migration and property should be of great concern, that the awareness factor that emphasis on cognitive and communication will be more important.
A single-channel 10-b 400-MS/s 8.7-mW pipeline ADC in a 90-nm technology

A 10-b pipeline ADC employing a coarse and a fine stage in the 4.5-b front-end is proposed to achieve low power in a 90-nm CMOS technology. The proposed stage highly relaxes the linearity requirement of the op amp and the complexity of the comparators. Hence, only a very low-gain amplifier is needed for interstage residue amplification without increasing the complexity of the comparator design. Operating at a 400-MS/s sampling rate, the ADC consumes 8.7 mW from a 1-V power supply. It achieves a signal-to-noise-plus-distortion (SNDR) better than 55 dB over the entire Nyquist band.
Executive pay-performance sensitivity and its consequences : empirical evidence on the role of ownership in Thailand

Executive compensation has been extensively studied in market orientation economy; consequently the conflict of interest between the Principal and the Agent is clearly defined in a widely-held firm. A concentration-owned firm that dominates Asian capital markets have not such a conflict between the shareholders and the managers, but groups of shareholders in conflict are a concern. Since only one group of owner dominates the decision, executive compensation is hardly believed to be well established. Using a unique Thai listed company’s data between 2002 and 2008 as a sample, this study presents empirical evidence on Agency theory outside the Anglo-Saxon setting. Ordinary least square method, fixed effects, two-stages least squares, generalised method of moments are deployed to test the hypotheses. In addition to all executive receives base pay, it reveals that bonus is the most common incentive while fewer than 10% of listed companies provide stock option to their executive. The econometric results reveal positive pay-performance sensitivity in Thai listed companies. However, ownership structure does play a vital role in the sensitivity. In a widely-held firm, the positive influence of firm performance on executive compensation is found. The evidence supports that widely-held firms have well established their executive compensation package. In the foreign-owned firm, the positive sensitivity reveals that foreign ownership actively take part in the compensation policy to serve the firm interests. Furthermore; Managerial power suggests that in the imbalance of power between groups of shareholder, there is no pay-performance sensitivity in neither family-owned nor corporate-owned firms. Further evidences indicate that operation cash flow and stock return are the consequence of executive bonus pay.