Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Two Factor User Authentication Scheme for Medical Registration Platform

This paper proposes a two factors user authentication scheme for Beijing medical registration platform, in order to protect user personal information on the platform. This scheme overcomes the shortcoming that there is no authentication process during user log on the platform. The reason that builds a two factor authentication scheme for the system is that this way is safer than traditional single factor user authentication methods, e.g., typing username and password, or biometric authentication. For the proposed two factor user authentication scheme, we give three different solutions, including SMS-OTP solution, NFC-enabled device solution, and biometrics based solution. Finally, an optimal solution is chosen as the formal one to the platform through comparisons at a different angle among these three solutions. Keywords-two factor authentication; SMS-OTP; NFC; biometrics
Examining the Effects of Cause-Proximity and Gender on Consumers' Response to Cause-Related Marketing: Evidence from Malaysia

Over the last decade, cause-related marketing (CRM) has become a popular marketing strategy for companies. Academic research suggests outcomes of CRM campaigns are generally positive for companies as well as for causes. For companies, CRM has been noted to increase sales and enhance companies’ image. As for causes, they received greater funding and publicity. Cause-proximity which is one of the important elements of CRM’s structure has been suggested to significantly influence consumers’ response towards CRM. However, the impacts of cause-proximity on consumers’ response are inconsistent. In this light, this paper investigates (1) the effect of cause-proximity on consumers’ response to CRM. (2) the moderating role of gender on the relationship between cause-proximity and consumers’ response to CRM. The results indicate that the effect of cause-proximity is insignificant while gender does influence consumers’ response to CRM. Based on these results, implications for CRM campaign managers and research limitations are highlighted.
Sensitivity of Kelvin waves and Madden–Julian oscillation to convective downdrafts in the NCAR‐CAM3

Using NCAR‐Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3), the sensitivity of Kelvin waves (KWs) and Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) simulation to convective downdrafts is examined. For this, numerical simulations are carried out by changing the downdraft intensity. Increase in the intensity of convective downdrafts in the model leads to greater re‐evaporation of precipitation, which enhances the moisture in the lower troposphere, with a corresponding increase in the convective available potential energy (CAPE). Stronger downdrafts, and hence enhanced CAPE, are found to be more favorable for low frequency variability and less favorable for the higher frequencies, leading to stronger MJO and weaker KWs. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Climate change and multitrophic interactions in soil: the primacy of plants and functional domains

Soil multitrophic interactions transfer energy from plants as the predominant primary producer to communities of organisms that occupy different positions in the food chain and are linked by multiple ecological networks, which is the soil food web. Soil food web sequesters carbon, cycles nutrients, maintains soil health to suppress pathogens, helps plants tolerate abiotic and biotic stress, and maintains ecosystem resilience and sustainability. Understanding the influence of climate change on soil multitrophic interactions is necessary to maintain these essential ecosystem services. But summarising this influence is a daunting task due to a paucity of knowledge and a lack of clarity on the ecological networks that constitute these interactions. The scant literature is fragmented along disciplinary lines, often reporting inconsistent findings that are context and scale‐dependent. We argue for the differentiation of soil multitrophic interactions along functional and spatial domains to capture cross‐disciplinary knowledge and mechanistically link all ecological networks to reproduce full functionalities of the soil food web. Distinct from litter mediated interactions in detritosphere or elsewhere in the soil, the proposed ‘pathogen suppression’ and ‘stress tolerance’ interactions operate in the rhizosphere. A review of the literature suggests that climate change will influence the relative importance, frequency and composition of functional groups, their trophic interactions and processes controlling these interactions. Specific climate change factors generally have a beneficial influence on pathogen suppression and stress tolerance, but findings on the overall soil food web are inconsistent due to a high level of uncertainty. In addition to an overall improvement in the understanding of soil multitrophic interactions using empirical and modelling approaches, we recommend linking biodiversity to function, understanding influence of combinations of climatic factors on multitrophic interactions and the evolutionary ecology of multitrophic interactions in a changing climate as areas that deserve most attention.
Ganglionic and non-ganglionic neurons in frog heart: do they differ?

This study was designed to compare the morphology of neurons in relation to their distance from the major nerve trunks in the heart of the frog Rana temporaria . Seventy-nine intracardiac neurons were labelled intracellularly with fluorescent markers Lucifer Yellow CH and Alexa Fluor 568. The neurons located on the extensions of the vagus nerve were considered as ganglionic, while neurons spread loosely at further distance from these extensions were considered as non-ganglionic. The mean area of the soma in ganglionic neurons was about 25% larger than in non-ganglionic neurons. Ganglionic neurons had a higher soma area/nucleus area ratio than non-ganglionic neurons. Although both the total number and the total length of dendrite-like processes was similar between the two groups, ganglionic neurons had significantly fewer dendrite-like processes from the soma (1.5±0.3 vs. 3.9±1.0; P<0.05) and shorter total length of these processes from the soma (63±18 μm vs. 178±51 μm; P<0.05). In conclusion, ganglionic and non-ganglionic frog intracardiac neurons exhibit substantial morphological differences. We hypothesize that these differences may indicate different projections or variations in the number of their preganglionic inputs.
Sociality of Gaze Following in Black and White Ruffed Lemurs: Following a Live Person versus a Photograph

One measure that is commonly used to assess a species’ mental complexity is its gesturefollowing ability, or the ability to follow a human gesture (such as a gaze or a point) to choose between potential food sources. Animals that have demonstrated this ability include dogs and primates. The high-level explanation of gesture following is that it signifies an animal’s ability to understand the human’s knowledge of where the food is and his intent to communicate that knowledge. However, gesture following could also be explained as being a low-level mechanism relying on directional bias. Looking at the eyes of another individual is an extremely adaptive instinct; even if no perspective taking is involved one is still more likely to find objects of universal interest such as food or threats. For my senior project, I investigated the phenomenon of gaze following in black and white ruffed lemurs at the Trevor Zoo in Millbrook, NY. Specifically, I tested the legitimacy of the gaze following paradigm as a measure of social cognition by comparing lemurs' gaze following of a live person versus a photograph of a person versus a photograph of another lemur. The live person is a more reliable social partner reacting to the environment as it changes. The photo, on the other hand, is a static, abstract representation of a social partner and an indirect communicative gesture made by the true social partner, but that happens to correspond visually with the live gaze cue. The photograph of the other lemur is meant to control for possible differences in response to faces of same and other species, as well as to replicate previous findings that lemurs were able to find hidden food based on gaze information from a photograph of a conspecific. I hypothesized that the lemurs would be able to follow gaze to find hidden food, and that this gaze following would be due to perspective taking. Therefore I expected the lemurs to find the food more often than chance in all conditions, and to find food most often in the live gaze condition. My subjects were not able to find the hidden food more often than chance in any of the three conditions, instead favoring the container to their left. This result indicates that black and white ruffed lemurs may not be capable of following gaze
A Novel Application of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Determining the Rheological Properties of the Highly Viscous Liquids

Traditional methods such as rotational viscometer and other viscometer methods are limited in their ability to investigate rheological properties of high viscous liquids. This study introduces a new approach to overcome these obstacles. Deep eutectic solvents suffer from high viscosity and they are relatively expensive. Therefore, there is a requirement to both reduce the volumes of samples required and increase the accuracy of the technique at high viscosities. Quartz crystal microbalance techniques have been applied because they provide quick recording, the potential for collecting a large amount of data in a short time. Furthermore, the quartz crystal microbalance microviscometer has the advantage over most other methods of viscometry not in its precision of absolute viscosity measurement but in the very small amount of sample liquid needed for investigation. To test the precision of quartz crystal microbalance a comparison must be made between readings obtained with a rotational viscometer set up alongside. In this investigation a series of deep eutectic solvents with various viscosities and physical characteristics have been tested. The influence of the addition of water to the liquids was also assessed.
Assessing the Performance of EU Nature Legislation in Protecting Target Bird Species in an Era of Climate Change

International legislation forms a cornerstone of conservation, yet its efficacy is rarely quantified. We assess whether species listed on Annex I of the European Union (EU) Birds Directive, for which EU Member States are obliged to implement special conservation measures, differ systematically in their short‐term (2001‐2012) or long‐term (1980‐2012) population trends from those of non‐Annex I species. In both periods, Annex I species had more positive trends than non‐Annex I species, particularly in countries that joined the EU earlier. There were additional signatures of climate change and life history strategy in the trends of species in one or both periods. Within Annex I species, long‐distance migrants fared significantly worse than other species, suggesting that enhanced protection on the breeding grounds alone may be insufficient for these species. We conclude that the EU's conservation legislation has had a demonstrably positive impact on target species, even during a period in which climate change has significantly affected populations.
THE IMPACT OF LOG LENGTH ON THE CONVERSION FACTOR OF STACKED WOOD TO SOLID CONTENT

The purpose of this paper is to determine the conversion factors of stacked wood to solid content in common hornbeam, European beech and oak for logs with the length of 2 and 3 m, and, to test a new method for the determination of the respective conversion factors. The conversion factor was determined by the xylometric and the diagonal method. For comparison, a third method, called the - surface method, suggested by the authors, was introduced. The results obtained allow a classification of the methods mentioned above according to their precision considering the values obtained by the xylometric method as reference values. Methods are classified in the following order: Surface method (± 3 %) and diagonal method (0 to 27 %).
E-Commerce Recommendation Systems

In the last decade electronic and wireless technologies have changed the way companies do business forever. E-commerce (electronic commerce) and e-business (electronic business) feature as extremely dynamic economic sectors and at the same time, as the most appealing ways of beginning or expanding a business activity. Successful companies today recognize these technologies and the Internet as mainstream to business success. Indeed, their future will continue to be promising to companies seeking means for cost cutting, enhanced productivity, improved efficiency, and increased customers’ satisfaction. On the other hand, this networked economy is notably characterized by the impersonal nature of the online environment and the extensive use of IT (information technology), as opposed to face-to-face contact for transactions. Since Internet technologies and infrastructures to support e-commerce are now in place, attention is turning to psychological factors that affect its acceptance by online consumers and their perceptions of online transactions. One such factor is individuality of e-customers, seen to be key to the proliferation of e-commerce. The demand for better products and services has been a pressing need. The question is how easily Internet users become e-customers and which are the internal “mechanisms” and external factors that participate in an e-purchase. The problem arises from the fact that the shoppers have varying needs, preferences, and background. At the same time, they are confronted with too many options and information that they have to deal with, the majority of which is often irrelevant to their needs and interests. In most cases, search engines are used for filtering pages according to explicit users’ queries. However, their results are often poor since the produced lists are long, unmanageable, and contain irrelevant pages (Middleton, De Roure, & Shadbolt, 2004). Currently, successful e-commerce strategies have focused on personalization technologies and opportunities. According to Personalization Consortium (2006):
Amazing Properties of Fractal Figures

This article describes the process of research of the properties of geometric fractals by high school students. The general formulas of calculating the length and the area of the Sierpinski carpet have been derived in the article. The total surface area and the volume of the Menger sponge have been calculated in the paper. The amazing facts of geometric fractals have been revealed. For instance, if , the length of the Sierpinski carpet is , and its area is , similarly, if , the total surface area of the Menger sponge is , and its volume is .
Invisible Web and Knowledge Discovery Tools: A Study

Invisible Web which is also known as ‘Deep Web’ or ‘Hidden Web’ refer to information content that is ‘invisible’ to conventional search engines. Public information on the invisible web is currently around 500 times larger than the commonly defined World Wide Web. Nearly 550 billion individual documents are available in the invisible web while the surface web has around only one billion documents. It has been estimated that around 2,00,000 invisible web sites exist on the Information Superhighway at present and is the largest growing category of new information on the Internet. The total quality content of the invisible web is also greater than that of the surface web and highly relevant to every information need, market and domain. But, a larger portion of the invisible web is missing from search engines’ results pages. In this context, this paper attempts to characterize the deep web’s content and relevance to information seekers and profile special tools available to mine the invisible web.
Chemical warfare? Effects of uropygial oil on feather‐degrading bacteria

Anti-microbial activity is a commonly suggested but rarely tested property of avian uropygial oil. Birds may defend themselves against feather-degrading and other potentially harmful bacteria using this oil. We preliminarily identified 13 bacterial isolates taken from the plumage of wild house finches Carpodacus mexicanus, measured bacterial production of the enzyme keratinase as an index of feather-degrading activity, and used the disc-diffusion method to test bacterial response to uropygial oil of house finches. For comparison, we performed the same tests on a type strain of the known feather-degrading bacterium Bacillus licheniformis. Uropygial oil inhibited the growth of three strongly feather-degrading isolates (including Bacillus licheniformis), as well as one weakly feather-degrading isolate and one non-feather-degrading isolate. Uropygial oil appeared to enhance the growth of one weakly feather-degrading isolate. Growth of the remaining isolates was unaffected by uropygial oil. These results suggest that birds may defend themselves against some feather-degrading bacteria using uropygial oil.
Magnetohydrodynamic Radiative Casson Fluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet with Heat Source/Sink

The influence of heat source/sink and thermal radiation on steady magnetohydrodynamic flow of a Casson fluid past a permeable stretching sheet was analysed numerically. We considered nanofluid volume fraction on the boundary is submissive controlled. The transformed equations governing the flow are solved numerically using bvp5c Matlab package. Effects of non dimensional governing parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed and presented through graphs. Results indicate that the enhancement in Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters depreciates the nano particle concentration and increases the mass transfer rate. Keywords: MHD, Stretching, Suction/Injection, Radiation, Heat source/sink.
Integration of Panchromatic and Multispectral Images by LocalFractal Dimension

The fusion image strategies are a good solution to obtain a synthetic image with high spatial and spectral characteristics simultaneously. Some of them are based on the Wavelet Transform, computed by means of the a trous algorithm (AWT). Most of them do not differentiated between spectral bands. In this sense, a new approach that weights differently the spatial information integrated from the high resolution image in each of the fused image spectral bands by the optimization of the trade off between the spatial and spectral quality of the fused images, was proposed. The main problems of this approach are that a unique weighting factor for the whole spectral band is computed, and the need of indices, that separately measure the spectral and spatial quality of the fused images. In this work, a new strategy that tries to avoid the problems above mentioned is introduced. For that, it is proposed to determine a local weighting factor for each panchromatic pixel by means the fractal map, using the box-counting algorithm. Panchromatic and multispectral Quickbird images have been used to show the performances of this new methodology. The local quality of the final fused images has been evaluated by means of local quality maps of Q index. It has been proved that the proposed fusion strategy preserve the high frequency information of the panchromatic image in areas with a high detail, while in homogeneous areas the low frequency information of the multispectral image are conserved.
Effectiveness of scapular muscle strengthening in management of lateral epicondylalgia

Lateral epicondylalgia appears to be multifactorial in origin, while the clinical picture is fairly uniform. Furthermore, only 5% of the people suffering from tennis elbow actually play tennis, and therefore, the condition may rather be referred to as lateral epicondylalgia(LE). There are many studies done for physiotherapeutic management of LE. Ultrasound and wrist extensor exercises remain mainstay in management of LE. There are some studies suggesting relationship between scapular muscles & LE. AIM: To assess the additional effect of scapular muscle strengthening over conventional treatment in management of Lateral epicondylalgia. METHODOLOGY: Subjects who met with inclusion & exclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group was given scapular muscle strengthening exercises in addition to conventional treatment and the control group was given conventional treatment for LE. Grip strength measurement was done using Jamar's hand-held dynamometer & pain intensity and functional ability was scored using patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation(PRTEE) score on 1stday & after 3 weeks. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Significant improvement was found in both the groups. Scapular muscle strengthening showed significantly more reduction in pain, functional disability and more improvement in grip strength than conventional treatment. Thus, scapular muscle strengthening must be included in rehabilitation plan of patient with LE.
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF PEERARAT AUNGURARAT for the MASTER OF SCIENCE

approved: J-oe B. Stevens An investigation of changes in resource allocation in the Pacific Coast salmon fishery was developed by combining fixed asset theory with the traditional models of resource allocation. Hypotheses were specified about factors determining the total amount of labor and vessels in the Pacific salmon fishery. These factors included landings in the previous year, the cyclical nature of the fishery, unemployment rates and distances from major labor markets. Statistical models were formulated for both time series and combined time series and cross section data. The latter were divided into separate data for periods with increased landings and periods with decreased landings. The data entering the models were collected primarily from publications of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Leasts-squares regression techniques were used to estimate the parameters of the equations. The strongest results from the statistical investigation prevailed for the combined time series and cross section models, especially when the data were divided into periods of decreased landings and increased landings. It indicated that in the periods of increased landings, as a one percent increase in the index of landings occurred in year tj the number of fishermen and vessels increased by 0. 35 and 0. 34 percent, respectively, in the year t+1. The coefficients were significant at . 01 probability level. In the years with reduced landings, the results indicated that as a one percent decrease occurred in the iijdex of landings in year Jt, labor decreased by 0. 0246 percent in year t+1 while the tonnage of vessels will be 0. 0016 higher in the year t+1. The parameter estimates were not significantly different from zero at conventional levels of probability. The results signified that resources are highly immobile in periods of decreased landings. This implies that their salvage values are very low, and that the resources have little opportunity to transfer outside the fishery. It is concluded from this study that to cause resources to be less "fixed" in the salmon fishery, society needs to improve the MVP of the factors. This would enable them to transfer to those industries where their MVP is greater. The development of education and training programs for fishermen is needed to acquire or improve skills that would increase mobility to other labor markets when periods of declining MVP occur in the fishery. Further, it is also concluded that society needs to improve the design of fishing vessels. The vessels should be designed not only for salmon fishing but also for other fisheries. This would increase the MVP of the vessels and narrow the gap between acquisition cost and salvage value in the salmon fishery. An Analysis of Factors Affecting Resource Usage in the Pacific Coast Salmon Fishery by Peerarat Aungurarat A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 1971