Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Model of the mIgM B-Cell Receptor Transmembrane Domain From Self-Association Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Antigen binding to B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs) followed by signaling initiates the humoral immune response. The signaling is intimately coupled to nanoclustering of BCRs and their sorting to specific membrane domains, a process that is ruled by interactions between the BCR transmembrane domain and lipids. While the structure of the extracellular domains of BCRs has been resolved, little is known about the configuration of the constituting four immunoglobulin domains spanning the membrane. Here, we modeled the structure of the transmembrane (TM) domain of the IgM B-cell receptor using self-assembly coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The obtained quaternary structure was validated against available experimental data and atomistic simulations. The IgM-BCR-TM domain configuration shows a 1:1 stoichiometry between the homodimeric membrane-bound domain of IgM (mIgM) and a Ig-α/Ig-β heterodimer. The mIgM homodimer is based on an asymmetric association of two mIgM domains. We show that a specific site of the Ig-α/Ig-β heterodimer is responsible for the association of IgM-BCRs with lipid rafts. Our results further suggest that this site is blocked in small-sized IgM-BCR clusters. The BCR TM structure provides a molecular basis for the previously suggested dissociation activation model of B-cell receptors. Self-assembly molecular dynamics simulations at the coarse-grained scale here proved as a versatile tool in the study of receptor complexes.
Pleurotus ostreatus as a Biodegradator for Organophosphorus Insecticide Malathion

Excessive and continuous use of organophosphorus insecticides as well as malathion has led to the contamination of ecosystems in several rejoins of the world. For its degradation in the ecosystems usage of the microbes has been proved to be the effective method for controlling ecosystems pollution. Biodegradation of pesticides by using microbes have more advantages over the conventional methods. In the present investigation therefore attempts have been made to make use of white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus for malathion degradation. Malathion rest quantity at 5, 15 and 25 days was 40.5, 22.6 and 11.8 (μg/100 mL) with degradation % 19.0, 54.8 and 76.4 respectively at initial concentration (50 μg/100 mL). Lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase production was stimulated with the presence of malathion. At 25 μg/100 mL malathion, productivity of lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and laccase was 0.51, 0.57 and 4.30 U/ml respectively compared with the control (growth medium without malathion). At low concentrations of malathion (25 and 50 μg) P. ostreatus productivity of these enzymes was more, but at high concentration of malathion the productivity was less than control. Addition of lignin compound induced the productivity of ligninolytic enzymes and therefore the biodegradation of malathion was increased. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of many products as a result of malathion biodegradation including diethyl mercaptosuccinate, methy l,2-(Dimethoxyphosphoryl)-2-(1,2,3- thiadiazol-4-yl) acetate, 3,4-dihydrothienyl (3,4,b)-5-carboxythiophene, Butanedioic acid, 2,2'-Thiodisuccinic acid; 1,1-Dimethyltetradecyl hydrosulfide and Disulfide, di-tert-dodecyl.
Formation of spinel‐cordierite‐feldspar‐glass coronas after garnet in metapelitic xenoliths: reaction modelling and geodynamic implications

Spinel + cordierite + K‐feldspar + plagioclase + glass form coronas around garnet in metapelitic xenoliths at El Hoyazo and Mazarrón, two localities of the Neogene Volcanic Province (NVP) of SE Spain. The presence of fresh glass (quenched melt) in all phases shows that corona development occurred under partial melting conditions. Algebraic analysis of mass balance in the NCKFMASH system suggests the reaction Grt + Sil + Bt + Pl = Spl + Crd + Kfs + melt as the most plausible model for the development of coronas in the El Hoyazo sample, and indicates that biotite was required as reactant for the formation of cordierite. The P–T conditions for the formation of coronas are estimated at ∼820 ± 50 °C, 4.5 ± 0.6 kbar at El Hoyazo, and ∼820 ± 50 °C, 4.0 ± 0.4 kbar at Mazarrón. The El Hoyazo xenoliths record a complex P–T history, characterized by early melt production during heating and additional melting during decompression. A local cooling event characterized by minor retrograde reaction and melt crystallization preceded ascent and eruption. This study shows that detailed xenolith analysis may be used to track magma evolution in a chamber.
Thermal tolerance patterns across latitude and elevation

Linking variation in species' traits to large-scale environmental gradients can lend insight into the evolutionary processes that have shaped functional diversity and future responses to environmental change. Here, we ask how heat and cold tolerance vary as a function of latitude, elevation and climate extremes, using an extensive global dataset of ectotherm and endotherm thermal tolerance limits, while accounting for methodological variation in acclimation temperature, ramping rate and duration of exposure among studies. We show that previously reported relationships between thermal limits and latitude in ectotherms are robust to variation in methods. Heat tolerance of terrestrial ectotherms declined marginally towards higher latitudes and did not vary with elevation, whereas heat tolerance of freshwater and marine ectotherms declined more steeply with latitude. By contrast, cold tolerance limits declined steeply with latitude in marine, intertidal, freshwater and terrestrial ectotherms, and towards higher elevations on land. In all realms, both upper and lower thermal tolerance limits increased with extreme daily temperature, suggesting that different experienced climate extremes across realms explain the patterns, as predicted under the Climate Extremes Hypothesis. Statistically accounting for methodological variation in acclimation temperature, ramping rate and exposure duration improved model fits, and increased slopes with extreme ambient temperature. Our results suggest that fundamentally different patterns of thermal limits found among the earth's realms may be largely explained by differences in episodic thermal extremes among realms, updating global macrophysiological ‘rules’. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Physiological diversity, biodiversity patterns and global climate change: testing key hypotheses involving temperature and oxygen’.
Determinants of National Savings in Pakistan: an Exploratory Study

This study is an attempt to explore the impact of various factors on national savings of Pakistan including GDP, inflation, fiscal deficit and rate of interest. The study was prompted by the Word Bank report (2006) that painted showed a gloomy picture about the national savings of the country. The study is based on secondary data of the 1973-2011 periods. All variables used are found stationary except the one variable i.e. age dependency ratio. The study entails co-integration and ECM technique used mainly to find the long and short run equilibrium among the variables. The results fully supported the Johansen Co-integration and ECM tests. Result of the study concluded that GDP, inflation , and fiscal deficit play significant role in determining the national savings of Pakistan and coefficient analysis showed that growth rate and increased Government consumption give positive impact in increasing national savings while inflation possessing negative relation with national savings of the country. The coefficient results of the study show that except inflation all variables are influencing positively to national savings in the short run. It is further concluded that the speed of adjustment is 15.4% which shows that the model will correct disequilibrium position at the rate of 15.4% annually.
Modelling scale effects and uncertainty in rating surveys

In social and behavioural sciences the optimal use of rating scales is an important issue. Discussions on the number of response categories that optimizes the psychometric proprieties of the scales and sums up the global amount of information deriving by the response patterns are the aim of several studies. In a parametric context, this paper faces two specific topics: verify if the number of modalities affects the interpretation of responses and suggest a transformation of the observed ratings distribution when a comparison of results with a different numbers of response categories is necessary. Analysis is carried out within the statistical framework introduced for the study of feeling and uncertainty components in the process of responses which generate ordinal scores. Some empirical evidences and a simulation experiment support the usefulness of the approach.
“A little more ironic” Voice quality and segmental reduction differences between sarcastic and neutral utterances

The presented production experiment analyzes the phonetic differences between neutral (i.e. sincere) and sarcastically ironic utterances in German. Results show in line with previous studies that sarcastic irony is expressed by longer utterance durations, lower and flatter F0 contours, and a lower intensity level. Moreover, extending previous findings, sarcastic irony is also characterized by a more variable (in tendency breathier) voice quality and a higher degree of segmental reduction, probably reflecting the speakers’ dissociation from the wording of their utterances.
Re-evaluating TiCl4 and UV assays for detection of vicine and convicine in high-throughput screening of immature and mature seeds of faba bean

Genomic resources have just started to focus on the faba bean; the genes for synthesis of vicine and convicine (V-C) have not been determined, and recently developed genetic markers for these antinutritionals have not been used to examine these traits in very large scale in faba bean. Simple, rapid and cost-effective technologies are crucial in crop breeding programs, especially in the developing world, and in some cases, traditional methodologies are used in combination with genetic markers to assess agronomic traits and the value of gene markers. Here, two methodologies (TiCl4 assay and 274 nm absorption) are re-evaluated for their application in detection of V-C in faba beans. In comparison with TiCl4 assay, the method of 274 nm UV absorption without an HPLC analysis offers more reliable analysis for detection of V-C in immature and mature seeds of faba bean. Its application in high throughput screening by 60 min agitation of immature seeds or mature seed flour in 2% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) allows quick screening of low V-C faba beans. The level of V-C was maximum when seed moisture was 80% and V-C level was measured as 0.92% in CDC Fatima flour. Though V-C from 2% TCA extract of mature and immature seeds of CDC Fatima was detected by 274 wavelength in the TiCl4 assay reaction, a Ti-aglycone complex was not clearly detectible at 480 nm as previously suggested.
Conception of Integrator in Cross-Border e-Commerce

Background: E-commerce is one of the most dynamic and important sectors of the economy. The latest trend in this market is cross-border trade. It is based on selling products to customers who are located in other countries. However, it is connected to several problems, such as a high cost and long time of delivery, language barriers, different legal and tax conditionings, etc. Methods: The studies were conducted on the basis of the authors' experience in the field of e-commerce. The issue of cross-border commerce was mainly analysed with the use of reports of the European Commission. The aim of the article is to propose a conception of an integrator of cross-border e-commerce, which will make it possible, among other things, to solve logistic problems. Results: The article presents an authorial conception of an integrator in cross-border e-commerce. Its main task is to integrate the whole supply chain. Thanks to the economies of scale, obtained as a result of consolidation of parcels from many e-shops, the integrator is able to achieve lower delivery costs in international transport, make returns of goods more effective and serve customers from different countries better. Conclusions: The conception of an integrator in cross-border commerce proposed in the article may increase competitiveness of micro and small e-enterprises, especially in the international arena. Moreover, applying this conception may contribute to a rise in the attractiveness of cross-border commerce, which, as result of a greater sale level, would contribute to an increase in the total e-commerce.
Person Retrieval on XML Documents by Coreference that Uses Structural Features

Present retrieval by keywords is based on the occurrence frequency and the occurrence position of the keywords. As for retrieval by two or more keywords, semantic relation between keywords is important. For retriev- ing information about a person, it is common to search by pair of keywords consisting of the person's name and his/her attribute. However, if semantic relation between keywords is not considered, the documents that describe different person's attribute may be retrieved. By using dependency analysis and coreference analysis, it is possible to retrieve the contents in which query keywords have semantic dependencies and improve search precision. However, it is costly. On the other hand, as for structural documents such as the XML, correspondence is often influenced by the document structure. In this paper, we confirm it by the coreference that uses structural features of XML documents, and we describe our person retrieval that uses the structual coreference.
The Changing Location of European Industry: A Twofold Geographical Perspective

The authors in this book regard the process of economic expansion as a non-homogeneous and multifaceted phenomenon which has deeply affected human welfare, and cultural, social and political change. The book is a bridge between the theorists (Rosenstein-Rodan, Lewis, Myrdal, and Hirschmann) who in the post-war period analyzed regional inequalities, structural change and dualism, and the modern literature on economic growth. The latter has emphasized the existence of multiple equilibria, bifurcations and various types of dynamic complexity, and clarified the conditions for the emergence of phenomena such as cumulative causation, path dependence and hysteresis. These are the typical ingredients of structural change, economic development or underdevelopment.
Possibilities of automatic and semi-automatic end-user driven web service composition

process and most relevant and suitable services are used from the proposed list of compatible services. Those services are discovered automatically, and a user is not concerned about data mapping or integration. In full automation scenarios composite process is synthesized and services selected based on user goal and service descriptions, without any user intervention. The aim of this research is analyze possibilities and provide brief description of current trends, activities, issues and problems in automatic, semi-automatic web service composition. The review is presented by comparing main characteristics of different web service composition approaches. We provide classifi cation of these approaches, identifying and selecting some methods which are most suitable and promising for semi-automatic end-user driven web service composition. An approach is illustrated by an example useful in travel domain and shows the end-user driven automatic web service composition possibilities. As a result the conceptual solution of system architecture for semi-automatic web service composition is proposed. Possibilities of automatic and semiautomatic web service composition The idea of automatic or semi-automatic web service composition is very promising. It was envisioned that Semantic Web movement could solve this problem because its goal is “a web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines“ (Berners-Lee, 2001). However, this idea was not realized to its full potential yet. This is shown by the statement created by one of the co-authors of this idea: “This simple idea. remains largely unrealized. “ (Shadbolt et al., 2006). Therefore a lot of research activities are carrying on and many research papers have been published for developing the automatic web service integration and composition possibilities. The classifi cation of automatic web service composition approaches is presented by (Kim et al., 2009; Rao and Su, 2005; Diagiampetri et al., 2007). Following some approaches, we can identify some commonalities and differences in the process of production of a service composite workfl ow:  In workfl ow-based approaches the composite process is viewed as a workfl ow and presented as a directed acyclic graph. The process requires domain knowledge and developer involvement.  In template-based approaches templates are predefi ned, created and an end-user can select one of them to create a workfl ow. User empowerment depends on template extensibility.  In approaches based on AI planning it is a way to generate process automatically from problem specifi cation. In most cases of AI planning implementations user domain knowledge and developer intervention are not required.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: A STUDY ON MANAGERS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS

Culture as a concept and a key point of study has been the mainstay in the field of anthropology. Organizational behaviour researchers have started giving attention to this concept only in recent years. Organizational culture has been recognized as a major dimension for studying organizational behaviour and practices. In an attempt to understand the complexities of organizational culture, to simplify it and make use of it, the present research intends to examine the perception of Organizational culture among managers of private and public undertakings. The study was carried out in different private and public organizations located in Delhi. Data were collected from 100 managers (50 managers from private and 50 from public undertakings). A modified version of Organizational Culture Scale was used to assess numerous dimensions of organizational culture. Analysis of the data was done using t-test. Results revealed significant difference between managers of private and public undertakings on Organizational Culture variable. The findings imply that the organizations in both the sectors need to understand and manage Organizational Culture and provide them with suitable interpersonal climate to enhance their Organizational Culture so that their level of performance in the organization could be enhanced. Results are explained in the light of present scenario in existing private and public undertakings.
HOW DISTRIBUTIONAL CONFLICTS THEORY EXPLAIN FACTORS AFFECTING INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN CORAL REEF GOVERNANCE? LESSONS LEARNED FROM GILI INDAH VILLAGE, WEST LOMBOK INDONESIA

This article aims at explaining factors affecting the successfulness of coastal communities of Gili Indah in constructing a governance structure of coral reef management. Coral reef management in this region has changed from an ineffective state regime to a local governance. From the perspective institutional economic theories, the emergence of a governance is an institutional change phenomena that are affected, among others, by actors’ characteristics such as organizational experiences, opportunistic behavior, environmental awareness/perception, planning horizon, bargaining power, technological skill and certainty; and trust, distrust and reputation. Using a distributional conflict theory of institutional change, the results of this research can draw a conclusion that institutional change process of coral reef management in the locality was strongly assumed affected by those factors.
Estimation of Antibacterial Activity of Green Mango ( mangifera indica L . ) Extract on the Growth of Bacteria Hiba

Accepted 8/Nov./2017 Alternative herbal medicines have been used since hundreds of years in globe in treatment of various kinds of infections that may infect human as well as animals. Medicinal plants, in general, contain phytoconstituents some of which having chemical properties resemble to that of synthetic antibiotics. Due to this, the aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of the green mango (mangifera indica L.) extract against both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. The extraction process of the active phytoconstituents of green mango was done by using infusion method. The estimation of antimicrobial activity of green mango extract was carried out by using agar well diffusion method against two species of gram-positive bacteria and five species gram-negative bacteria using three concentrations that are 5%, 10% and 50% of the extract. The 5% concentration of the extract has showed 2 mm diameter inhibition zone against both Proteus and Salmonella, 5mm diameter inhibition zone against Pseudomonas, 7mm diameter against both Klebsiella and Staphylococcus, and 11, 12 mm diameter inhibition zone against E.coli and Streptococcus respectively. The 50% concentration of extract has showed 14 mm diameter against Proteus, 19, 20, 20mm diameter against Salomella, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus respectively, 22, 23 mm diameter against E.coli and Pseudomonas respectively and 26 mm diameter against Streptococcus. Lastly, the 10 % concentration of extract has showed a result ranged between the 5% concentration and 50% concentration.
Nanocrystalline microstructure formation during hydrogen-induced phase transformations in Nd2Fe14B hard magnetic alloy

The kinetics and features of nanocrystalline microstructure formation during direct and reverse hydrogen-induced phase transformations in Nd2Fe14B alloy has been studied. It has been established that a hydrogen-vacuum treatment carried out in accordance with the kinetic data of transformations in Nd2Fe14 alloy leads to a formation of nanocrystalline homogeneous microstructure with average grains size ~0.3 μm. It is shown that carrying out direct and reverse transformations taking into account of kinetic features of transformations as temperature and transformation time allow to avoid abnormal growth processes a main hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase that is one of the main factors for permanent magnets obtaining with high coercivity without very complicated and expensive of alloying procedures.
The Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in AL-Sulaimania city

One hundred thirty seven Staphylococcus spp. isolates were isolated form one hundred fifty clinical specimens which were collected from several hospitals at AlSulaimaniya city. Seventy two Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 28 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates and 37 isolates related to other coagulase negative staphylocci (S. chromogenes, S. lugdunensis, S. cohnii, S. saprophyticus, S. hominis, and S. haemolyticus constituted 3.60%, 2.20%, 2.90%, 2.90%, 6.60%, and 8.80%, respectively). Burn specimens represented the highest (P< 0.05) reservoir for S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates. Staphylococci developed variable susceptibility to 4 antibiotics (cefoxitin; 30 µg, oxacillin; 1µg, methicillin; 5µg, and cefotaxime; 30 µg). Nevertheless, the results revealed that 68, 93, and 92% of S. aureus, S. epidrmidis, and other Coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS) isolates developed methicillin resistance based on cefoxitin diffusion disc test. In a conclusion, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative staphylococcus sp. (MRCONS) is an emerging subject even in our community, which requires further attention and support.