Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharmacoeconomic modelling for policy decision-making : the case of sofosbuvir for hepatitis C infection in South Africa

The main purpose of this study was to empower policy-makers to make informed decisions about the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in light of the vast array of novel treatments being developed for this disease. A two-dimensional research method was employed, consisting of a literature review and an empirical investigation. The main objective of the literature review was to provide background to the study by conceptualising chronic hepatitis C and other relevant aspects of the disease. The empirical investigation consisted of constructing a decision-analytic Markov model based on the natural history of chronic hepatitis C virus infection and using the resulting model to determine the cost-effectiveness, the public health impact and the budget impact of sofosbuvir, or sofosbuvir-containing regimens for hepatitis C in South Africa. The study design was founded on the concept of pharmacoeconomic modelling and the target population of this research project was patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection living in South Africa. During the modelling phase, a mathematical decision-analytical model was constructed to simulate the progression of hepatitis C virus infection. The model was then populated with data, including annual transition probabilities, cost data, effectiveness data and utility values. Additional data required for the public health analysis and budget impact analysis included South African prevalence and incidence data. Available literature served as the data source for the transition probabilities, treatment efficacy and health state utilities used in this model. Drug costs were taken from the Official Pharmaceutical Bluebook, whereas costs related to disease or treatment management, including outpatient attendance and inpatient palliative care, were taken from the National Health Referencing Price List. Cost estimates for procedures, diagnostic tests and inpatient admissions for complications of CHC were obtained from private sector cost data. Once the model was complete, TreeAge Pro software (TreeAge Pro 2014, R1.2) used the visual model structure to automatically generate the algorithms required to evaluate the model and yield results.
Therapeutic Strategies against Ebola Virus Infection

Since the 2014–2016 epidemic, Ebola virus (EBOV) has spread to several countries and has become a major threat to global health. EBOV is a risk group 4 pathogen, which imposes significant obstacles for the development of countermeasures against the virus. Efforts have been made to develop anti-EBOV immunization and therapeutics, with three vaccines and two antibody-based therapeutics approved in recent years. Nonetheless, the high fatality of Ebola virus disease highlights the need to continuously develop antiviral strategies for the future management of EBOV outbreaks in conjunction with vaccination programs. This review aims to highlight potential EBOV therapeutics and their target(s) of inhibition, serving as a summary of the literature to inform readers of the novel candidates available in the continued search for EBOV antivirals.
Using Multi-Sensory Environments (MSEs) with People with Dementia

Utilizing action research, the clinical application of a Multi-Sensory Environment (MSE) in the field of old age psychiatry was explored and developed over a four-year time span. This article reports on factors identified as mediating against its use as reported by clinical staff. Conceptual and theoretical considerations considered of utility beyond the study’s context are presented. Expectancy of outcomes, the predilection of individual members of staff to engage in this form of therapy and the influence of an organization’s orientation towards such therapy are highlighted as specific areas for attention.
Morphometric analysis of peroneus brevis muscle in adult human cadavers

Introduction: Keeping in view the frequency of variations in morphometry of musculature of the lower limb, Peroneus Brevis, the present work has been taken up. Under the research study of Peroneus brevis muscle in adult human cadavers of Punjab, the dissection of sixty limbs was done. This muscle takes origin from distal /3 of the lateral surface of fibula anterior to the Peroneus Longus and anterior and posterior crural intermuscular septa and its insertion on the lateral aspect of base of fifth metatarsal. Aim: To converse surgical relevance of dissimilarities in the morphometry of this muscle. The present paper is for the curiosity for the disciples of orthopedics, radiology and sports medicine. Materials and Methods: Material consists of 60 lower limbs related to 30 embalmed adult human cadavers (20-70 years) of known sex got from Government Medical College, Amritsar. The muscle was exposed by dissection steps provided by Cunningham’s manual of practical anatomy from origin to insertion and length and width was taken. Results: Peroneus brevis muscle was detected in all the cases (60 limbs). Mean value of muscle belly length was 18 cm and width was 1.9 cm. While the mean length of the tendon with no muscle fibers up to insertion was 11 cm, and the mean width was found to be 0.5 cm. Conclusion: The clinical significance of this muscle is that the rebuilding of superior peroneal retinaculum can be done by using a portion of Peroneus brevis. The understanding of these variations will also help the surgeons to avoid postoperative problems such as persistence of pain and improper foot movements.
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Preclinical Assessment of Thyroid Radioiodide Uptake Following Various Combinations of Preparative Measures

Background: MicroSPECT/CT imaging was used to quantitatively evaluate how iodide uptake in the mouse thyroid is influenced by (i) route of iodine administration; (ii) injection of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH); and (iii) low iodide diet (LID) in euthyroid and triiodothyronine (T3)-treated mice. Methods: Pertechnetate (99mTcO4−) and 123I thyroid uptake in euthyroid and T3-treated animals fed either a normal-iodine diet (NID) or an LID, treated or not with rhTSH, and radiotracer administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or by gavage, were assessed using microSPECT/CT imaging. Western blotting was performed to measure sodium/iodide symporter expression levels in the thyroid. Results: Systemic administration of radioiodide resulted in a higher (2.35-fold in NID mice) accumulation of iodide in the thyroid than oral administration. Mice fed LID with systemic radioiodide administration showed a further two-fold increase in thyroid iodide uptake to yield a ∼5-fold increase in uptake co.
Monilethrix: Clinical and microscopic evidence of improvement with age

How to cite this article: Chandan KS, Patni G, Murugesh SB. Congenital vitiligo: Time to think beyond the concept of acquired etiology. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol 2016;17:328-30. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‐commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Global sampled-data output feedback stabilisation of a class of upper-triangular systems with input delay

This study investigates the problem of designing a sampled-data output feedback controller to globally stabilise a class of upper-triangular systems with delay in the input. By using a linear observer, a linear dynamic sampled-data output feedback control law is explicitly constructed. To dominate the unknown non-linear perturbing terms and handle the case with a larger input delay, a tunable scaling gain is introduced to the controller by using a coordinates change. With the help of an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasoveskii functional and the technique of sampled-data output-feedback domination, it is shown that the considered upper-triangular non-linear system with any bounded input delay can be globally stabilised by the proposed controller with appropriate gains. Finally, an example is given to verify the efficiency of the proposed method.
Correlation of Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Middle Age Female Medical Professionals.

Background: Physical activity is one of the major lifestyle related health determinants. Doctors’ self-involvement in physical activity may improve patient motivation, thus encouraging them for a physically active lifestyle. AIMS: To co-relate physical activity and quality of life in middle age female medical professionals using International Physical Activity Questionnaire and SF-36 respectively. Materials & Methods: 40 female health professionals between 40-60 years were included with no history of recent trauma or surgery. Those willing and fulfilling the selection criteria were then explained the nature and purpose of the study. Demographic details were taken along with the outcomes measures were taken using the self administered questionnaires. Level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Variables were analyzed for normal distribution. Pearson’s test of co-relation was applied between the outcome measures. Physical activity was found to have a strong positive co-relation with physical component summary of SF-36 (r=0.724) and a weak positive co-relation with mental component summary (r=0.302). Mean physical activity levels were calculated for 4 domains: work, domestic, leisure and transport. Conclusion: Physical activity co-relates with physical component of quality of life in female doctors, highlighting the importance of physical activity and its benefits.
A Review of Existing Applications and Techniques for Narrative Text Analysis in Electronic Medical Records

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) contain information that is typically stored in structured (coded) attributes as well as unstructured narrative data. These narrative data or free text includes: discharge notes, progress notes, radiology reports, pathology reports, nursing notes, and general clinical notes. These texts contain valuable patient information, but are often underused and only looked at for a particular patient, remaining hidden for population studies, clinical studies or administrative analysis. As a consequence, finding and using evidence contained in medical records remains fragmented due to the fact that narrative text is cumbersome to analyze. To face this challenge, different research projects have applied natural language processing techniques and/or text mining techniques to improve the quantity and quality of the information extracted from EMR aimed at supporting clinical research and administration. From the content point of view, many such projects are focused on the analysis of a specific disease, while others try to improve the pharmacovigilance process. From the technical point of view, most of them deal with the extraction of patterns from narrative texts, while others propose methods for de-identification (anonymization). Another group emphasizes on solving co-reference and redundancy aspects. Lastly, others work on the generation of summaries from original texts. A Review of Existing Applications and Techniques for Narrative Text Analysis in Electronic Medical Records
Utility of Myelin Basic Protein as an Early Prognostic Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Myelin basic protein (MBP), a crucial neuro-autoantigen involved in the maintenance of the myelin sheath, is one of the biomarkers of therapeutic response in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: The study examines prognostic biomarker and molecular mimicry hypothesis MS etiology by MBP. Methods: This study is convergence of three arms including in silico and in vitro (bioinformatics) with the in vivo (experimental). A novel methodology combining molecular techniques was used to confirm the antigenic properties of MBP and study its efficiency in increasing the susceptibility to MS. One hundred eighty MS patients and healthy subjects were recruited for the study from Jan 2013 to Feb 2016 in Iran. Age and sex-matched healthy volunteers and patients were analyzed using various quantitative and qualitative molecular laboratory techniques. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma was used for the retrieval of MBP and IgG assay, respectively. Results: The optimum concentration of the MBP epitope for the immune system to react and facilitate prognostication was found to be 50 and 150 µg/mL in MS patients and healthy individuals, respectively (P < 0.0001****). Combined results from ELISA and real-time PCR showed that the total IgG and the ratio of gene expression for candidate human MBP epitope was higher in MS patients in all the three groups compared to that in healthy controls P < 0.0001****). Conclusions: Molecular assays in the early stages of the disease could help in elucidating the effectiveness of the MBP as a prognostic factor in MS.
OP40 Health impacts of the Cambridgeshire Guided Busway: a natural experimental study

Background Improving transport infrastructure to support active commuting could help to promote physical activity and improve population health. We aimed to assess whether investment of this kind was associated with an increase in active commuting; determinants of the use and uptake of active commuting; wider health impacts of changes in travel behaviour; and how changes in behaviour were distributed in the population and related to social context. Methods The intervention was the Cambridgeshire Guided Busway, a new bus network using 22 km of guideway (segregated track) accompanied by a traffic-free path for pedestrians and cyclists, opened in 2011. This quasi-experimental evaluation comprised a cohort study of 1143 adults working in the city and recruited in 2009, along with both nested and supplementary in-depth quantitative and qualitative studies. The primary outcome was the change in time spent in active commuting from 2009 to 2012, using a self-reported measure validated using georeferenced combined heart rate and movement sensor data. Exposure to the intervention was defined using the shortest distance from each participant’s home to the busway, and served as the basis for controlled comparisons. Results Commuting practices were complex and shaped by various social and environmental factors. Walking and cycling were often incorporated into longer commuting journeys made by car or public transport. In multivariable multinomial regression analyses, exposure to the intervention was associated with a greater likelihood of an increase in weekly cycle commuting time (RRR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.76) and with commensurate shifts in the distribution of commuting trips between the car and active travel. There was some evidence that the effect was most pronounced among those who reported no active commuting at baseline. There was a mixed pattern of effects at the individual level, with the intervention providing a more supportive environment for active commuting for some and not for others. Although experiences of the busway were complex, they culminated in meaningful behaviour change for some users, through shifts in the balance between influential factors and planning, trialling and adopting new practices over time. Observational evidence suggested a relationship between active commuting, greater overall physical activity, and improved wellbeing and weight status. Conclusion These findings provide new empirical support for reconfiguring transport systems to improve population health and reduce health inequalities. They should be cumulated with evidence from natural experimental studies in other settings, using longer periods of observation and controlled comparisons, to support more generalisable causal inference.
How To Do Your Case Study A Guide For Students And Researchers

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ESCLEROSIS MÚLTIPLE REMITENTE-RECURRENTE: HALLAZGOS DE LA EVALUACIÓN CLÍNICA DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA FONOAUDIOLÓGICA Y KINESIOLÓGICA. Remitting Recurrent Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Assessment findings from a kinesiological and Speech pathologist perspective.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating, multicenter, progressive and fluctuating autoimmune disease that affects central nervous system and it causes disability among young adults. To describe the findings of the physical examination of a relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patient, from a physical and speech therapy view. METHOD: Non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional design. The subject has an early stage (RRMS), which was diagnosed with specific guidelines. RESULTS: The patient shows cognitive, communicative, motor, respiratory and mental disorders. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION: the depressed diaphragmatic muscle function that presents the patient and their likely neuromuscular respiratory complications depend on the degree of involvement and progression of the disease and outbreaks that may affect the respiratory centers of CNS. However, the respiratory symptoms do not correlated with the degree of respiratory compromise or severity of disease due to overlapping of rehabilitation
Changing World As Principal Reason For Atopy Rising Trend

Allergic respiratory diseases were quite rare at the beginning of last century but their prevalence in industrialized countries has now risen to true epidemic proportions. Much of the increase in asthma prevalence is occurring in subjects without a significant genetic predisposition. As risk factors are described urban environment, industrialization, air pollution, westernalization of life, high hygienic standard, etc. Therefore, it could be assumed that the above mentioned risk factors act on the human beings or other biologic species relatively for a short time. In this context, such factors might act in this way because of being new environmental constituents and therefore human adaptive mechanisms to them are inadequate yet. However, certain environmental factors may influence genetically some subpopulations even after exposure cessation without directly altering the genome or providing additional survival possibilities, which might induce the deviation of genetic thesaurus for populations into a more frequent allergypredisposing genotype.
Abstract PR196: Effects of Persistent Childbirth Pain, Psychological and Pain Susceptibility on Postnatal Depressive Scores

Materials & Methods: We conducted a cohort study involving 200 healthy nulliparous term women who received epidural analgesia. Psychological vulnerability was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). A postnatal phone survey was conducted at 6 to 8 weeks to assess the presence of persistent childbirth pain and anxiety status, using pain questionnaire and Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) respectively. Postnatal depressive scores were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Generalized linear model for normal distribution was used to identify possible associations between pain, anxiety and stress with EPDS.
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 Stimulation during Experimental Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: Virologic, Immunologic, or Pathologic Mechanisms

AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) retinitis remains the leading cause of blindness among untreated HIV/AIDS patients worldwide. Understanding the pathogenesis of this disease is essential for developing new, safe, and effective treatments for its prevention or management, yet much remains unknown about the virologic and immunologic mechanisms contributing to its pathology. To study such mechanisms, we use a well-established, reproducible, and clinically relevant animal model with retrovirus-induced murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) that mimics in mice the symptoms and progression of AIDS in humans. Over 8 to 12 weeks, MAIDS mice become susceptible to experimental murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) retinitis. We have found in this model that MCMV infection significantly stimulates ocular suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3, host proteins which dampen immune-related signaling by cytokines, including antiviral interferons. Herein we investigated virologic and/or immunologic mechanisms involved in this stimulation and how virally-modulated SOCS1 and/or SOCS3 proteins may contribute to MCMV infection or experimental MAIDS-related MCMV retinitis. Through pursuit of two specific aims, we tested the central hypothesis that MCMV stimulates and employs SOCS1 and/or SOCS3 to induce the onset and development of MCMV retinal disease. MCMV-related SOCS1 and SOCS3 stimulation in vivo occurred with intraocular infection, was dependent on method and stage of immune suppression and severity of ocular pathology, was associated with stimulation of SOCSinducing cytokines, and SOCS1 and SOCS3 were differentially sensitive to antiviral treatment. In vitro studies further demonstrated that SOCS1 and SOCS3 stimulation during MCMV infection occurred with expected immediate early kinetics, required viral gene expression in celltype-dependent and virus origin-dependent patterns of expression, and displayed differential sensitivity to antiviral treatment. These data suggest that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are stimulated by divergent virologic, immunologic, and/or pathologic mechanisms during MCMV infection, and that they contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal disease, revealing new insights into the pathophysiology of AIDS-related HCMV retinitis. INDEX WORDS: Cytomegalovirus retinitis, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), HIV/AIDS, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS), murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), murine AIDS (MAIDS) SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING (SOCS)1 AND SOCS3 STIMULATION DURING EXPERIMENTAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS: VIROLOGIC, IMMUNOLOGIC, OR PATHOLOGIC MECHANISMS
Registro Nacional de internación por insuficiencia cardíaca 2002-2003

Objetivos: Describir el perfil de una cohorte de pacientes internados por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), evaluar patrones de presentacion, modalidades diagnosticas y terapeuticas, utilizacion de recursos y evolucion hospitalaria. Comparar con el registro del Area de Investigacion de la SAC 1999. Materiales y metodos: Se incluyeron prospectivamente 615 pacientes mayores de 18 anos internados por IC descompensada en 36 centros participantes entre mayo de 2002 y marzo de 2003. Se recabaron datos de filiacion, socioeconomicos, antecedentes patologicos y relativos a la evolucion hospitalaria. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 70 anos, predominio masculino. Se observo un alto porcentaje de comorbilidades (40,3 por ciento), antecedentes de IC (72,8 por ciento) y factores desencadenantes (73,8 por ciento). Predominaron las formas leves de presentacion (67,2 por ciento), con alto porcentaje de ingreso en cuidados intensivos (57,7 por ciento). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 9,94 por ciento. Formas de presentacion severas y el grado de cobertura medica predijeron en forma independiente internacion en cuidados criticos e internacion prolongada, mientras que variables clinicas como edad avanzada, diabetes, urea elevada, hipotension sistolica, tercer ruido e hiponatremia se asociaron independientemente con mayor mortalidad. Una mayor utilizacion de betabloqueantes y antagonistas de angiotensina II se asocio independientemente a pertenecer a la cohorte de 2002. Conclusiones: La poblacion internada por IC es anosa, con elevada prevalencia de IC previa y comorbilidades. Existen factores predisponentes potencialmente prevenibles y muchos pacientes no graves internados en cuidados intensivos. La ausencia de cobertura medica define independientemente la no internacion en cuidados criticos asi como una internacion prolongada. Variables clinicas simples fueron predictoras de mayor mortalidad.