Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Programación concurrente: una aproximación a las dificultades de su aprendizaje

espanolEl estudio de las tecnicas de programacion es fundamental en las carreras de grado en el area de la Computacion, pues estas son la base de los programas informaticos. Al mismo tiempo, los sistemas operativos modernos solo podran ser comprendidos si a su vez pasa lo mismo con la programacion concurrente, tecnica que permite la ejecucion coordinada de varios procesos. El presente trabajo ha tomado como poblacion alumnos de formacion docente, en la especialidad Informatica, analizando las principales dificultades observadas en relacion a esta tecnica de programacion. Tomando como indicadores los resultados observados en los parciales y trabajos obligatorios, hemos obtenido dos conclusiones principales: el uso de un lenguaje de programacion conocido por los alumnos explica parte del exito obtenido; por otra parte, el trabajo con ejemplos teoricos, considerados paradigmaticos, es util, y puede aumentar el entendimiento en la materia, aunque no es suficiente para lograr la construccion de programas viables y entender la programacion concurrente como tecnica. EnglishThe study of programming techniques is essential in undergraduate courses pf computer science, since programs are the building block for all software. At the same time, modern operating systems can only be understood with a previous understanding of concurrent programing, that is the way to have several programs running in parallel. This investigation worked with a population of college students of computer science. analizing the main difficulties encountered in relation to this programming technique. Based on the results observed in tests and assignements, we reached two main conclusions: 1) The use of a programming language known by the students is part of the success. 2) Work with theoretical examples, some of which are considered paradigmatic, is useful, and can help in the understanding on the subjet, but it is not enough to achieve the construction of viable programs and understanding concurrent programming as a technique.
Microscale and finescale variations of small plankton in coastal and pelagic environments

Small-interval water sampling in oceanic subsurface layers in a variety of macroenvironments for microplankton and for characteristics of their environment revealed concentration variations that often exceed errors of sampling and measurement. I report incidence and degree of microscale and finescale organism patchiness and their dependency on the local environment and on certain characteristics of the organisms themselves. Scale analysis indicates that patchiness occurs below as well as above the 20 cm intervals sampled. Incidence and degree of patchiness were about the same in separate eastern boundary regions, off California and Peru. Effects of environmental characteristics on organism patchiness are clearly defined in this data set, which suggests influences by physical processes on local microplankton patches on the scale of a few centimeters (microscale) to a few meters (finescale). In the aggregate, finescale and microscale patchiness of microplankton populations was greater at lower wind speeds, during daylight than at night, and over continental slopes. Patchiness was greater in the more stable layers of the seasonal pycnocline, and under more oligotrophic conditions (lower concentrations of nutrients, particulates, and chlorophylls). Patchiness of organisms also was greater where nutrients and particulates were more patchy, but was unrelated to chlorophyll patchiness. Intrinsic properties of the organisms less clearly affected microplankton patchiness. Population patchiness was greater for autotrophs and heterotrophs than for atrophs, and was slightly greater for larval fish competitors and predators than for their prey, and for more motile organisms. Reproductive capacity is indicated to dominate among intrinsic patch-forming attributes. Smallscale patchiness of small plankton is a recurrent feature of the environment of small predators and may affect their growth and survival. Its incidence and degree appear to be specifiable over large domains from parameters of the mixing environment, e.g. wind stress and vertical stability. This would contribute to management of exploited stocks of marine organisms whose recruitment depends on food supply at early stages of their life-history.
EMPLOYING AGENTS IN DESCRIPTIVE MINING

Agent technology and Data Mining have emerged as two of the prominent areas in information sciences. An effort has been activated towards the interaction and integration between agent technology and data mining which is referred to as “AGENT MINING”. Data Mining is the process of extracting interesting information or patterns from large volumes of data. Agents comprise a powerful technology for the analysis, design and implementation of autonomous intelligent systems that can handle distributed problem-solving, cooperation, coordination, communication, and organization in a multiplayer environment. This agent uses information technology to find trends and patterns in an abundance of information from many different sources. The user can sort through this information in order to find whatever information they are seeking. Intelligent agents are today accepted as powerful tools for data mining in a distributed environment. The interaction and integration between agent and mining has potential to not only strengthen either side, but generate new techniques for developing more powerful intelligence and intelligent information processing systems. This paper discusses how agents are used in the various descriptive models of Data Mining. The various challenges and methodologies are analyzed and it clearly indicates the need for and the promising potential of agent mining for the mutual enhancement of both fields and for the creation of super-intelligent systems. Even though many researchers have been committed, more efforts are required to develop techniques and systems in practical perspectives.
Modeling Air Quality Near Freeways Using a Three Dimensional Eulerian Model

Modeling Air Quality Near Freeways Using a Three Dimensional Eulerian Model. (August 2009) Sri Harsha Kota, B.E. , Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, India Chair of Advisory Committee Dr. Ying Qi Near-road air quality studies have indicated the presence of high levels of pollutants. In this study, a three dimensional Eulerian model is developed which can be used to study the air quality near freeways. A vehicle-induced turbulence parameterization is included in the model to estimate better the turbulent diffusion of pollutants. The near-road air quality model is used to study two different cases. In the first case, the model is validated using the data from General Motor’s SF6 dispersion experiment, conducted at Michigan in 1976. Sensitivity of the model to meteorology and traffic-related parameters are studied in detail. In the second case, the spatial distribution of ozone, carbon monoxide, NOx and 1,3-Butadiene near a simulated 8-lane freeway was studied. Model simulation for the first case yielded better results than US EPA’s CALINE models which were previously used for regulatory purposes. Model performance when analyzed at different wind directions shows an overall good performance. The results also show that the model performs well at surface but slightly over predicts pollutant concentration at higher elevations. The simulation results for second case at different directions of wind and at different boundary conditions for model species, places
PREY DISTRIBUTION AND PATCHINESS: FACTORS IN FORAGING SUCCESS AND EFFICIENCY OF WANDERING ALBATROSSES

Seabirds are considered to rely on prey that are patchily distributed and whose abundance differs greatly according to physical processes or water masses. However, very little information is available about the environmental factors and individual factors that affect the foraging success of marine predators. We studied the distribution of prey encounters, foraging success, and efficiency in different water masses and during two stages of the breeding season when energy requirements differed in Wandering Albatrosses (Di- omedea exulans) of known experience and sex. The birds were simultaneously fitted with satellite transmitters, stomach temperature sensors, and activity recorders. Only 27% of prey were captured in patches (distance between two prey , 1 km); the rest were caught at an average distance of 64 km. Prey in patches were smaller than isolated prey and were caught mainly at night. Diet analysis indicated that albatrosses preyed mainly upon adult squid: squid taken at night were smaller (bioluminescent species), whereas those taken during the day were larger (nonbioluminescent species). Birds spent more time foraging farther from the colony during incubation than during brooding, when their energy re- quirement was highest, but foraging effort (landings per hour, or kilometers per hour), foraging success (grams of prey per hour), and efficiency (grams of prey per landing per hour) were similar during the two stages. The rate of prey encounter and foraging efficiency did not differ between water masses or between oceanic and shelf-slope waters. We found no differences between the sexes in terms of foraging success and efficiency. Young, in- experienced individuals had foraging success and efficiency similar to those of older, ex- perienced birds but had a different strategy: they foraged more actively and caught more prey at night than did experienced birds. These results suggest strongly that Wandering Albatrosses rely on prey that are highly dispersed, catch few prey within the same patch, and do not adjust foraging effort according to energy requirements. The unpredictability of the location of prey and the type of prey caught by Wandering Albatrosses indicate that the species has a unique foraging strategy compared to most seabirds, which generally concentrate in more predictable foraging areas.
Developing a two dimensional framework to review the Supply Chain Performance Measurement literature

Nowadays the supply chain management creates the value for companies, customers and stake holders interacting throughout a supply chain, the researchers recognize the need for measuring and monitoring the performance. Performance measurements play an important role in setting objectives, evaluating performance, and determining future courses of actions. Performance measurements pertaining to supply chain management have not received adequate attention from researchers and practitioners. In this paper a two dimensional framework has been developed for classifying the supply chain performance measurement (SCPM) literature which covers articles from the major journals related with SCPM literature and detailed investigation on methodologies, approaches, models were analyzed and gaps have been identified for future research.
mproving the visible transmittance of lowe titanium nitride based coatings for olar thermal applications

Low-emissivity (low-e) coatings on glass are nowadays extensively used for energy saving applications in architectural windows and on solar thermal collectors. In this work the feasibility of TiN-based layers as low-e coatings has been studied. TiN samples were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering and, in order to improve their optical properties (transmission in the visible range, T and emissivity, ε), we have investigated the changes in optical response following three different approaches: (i) post-deposition annealing treatments up to 500 ◦C, (ii) doping the TiN layers with aluminium (target composition: Ti/Al = 90/10, 75/25 and 50/50) and (iii) deposition of antireflective coatings of TiO2 in mul-
The Impact of Training on Nursing Process Implementation Skills of Surgical Ward Nurses

Nursing process is a systematic, patient-oriented and purposive approach which provides a framework for nursing performance. On the other hand, nursing process causes the nursing care to develop from traditional method into a scientific and patient-oriented approach. The present paper aims to study the impact of training on nursing process implementation skill of surgical ward nurses in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasuj in 2012. The present paper is a quasi-experimental study with one-sample t-test method conducted as a pre-test and post-test design. The studied unit included 48 nurses who had been active in surgical awards during research and were selected using purposive sampling method. The data collection instruments included checklist and nursing process questionnaire. The data was analyzed by paired-sample t-test in SPSS.16. The results indicate that, with regard to questionnaire, there is significant difference between using the nursing process before and after intervention (P=0.031). According to checklist, the paired-sample t-test showed no significant difference in implementation of nursing process (P=0.064). The results showed that nursing process has been more desirable from the point of view of nurses. The higher points given by nurses showed that using the checklist to evaluate the nursing process in this study may be more authentic compared to questionnaire.
Advancing Accounting Research of Teaching Efficacy: Developing a Scale to Measure Student Attitudes toward Active Learning Experiences.

Literature consistently documents a positive, direct effect of students’ attitudes on learning (Lizzio, Wilson, & Simons, 2002). Hence, accounting studies describing active learning activities often report student attitudes as evidence of efficacy (e.g., Matherly & Burney, 2013), but rely on single-item instead of multi-item scales. This practice in accounting impedes evaluation of active learning activities or testing of empirical models. Thus, we (1) develop scales capturing students’ attitudes, (2) use qualitative inquiry to validate our scales, and (3) empirically test our scales using Biggs’ (1989) 3P Model. These scales will enable this stream to mature through more consistent constructs and sophisticated modeling.
Investigating the Effects of Large Block Transactions and Owner-ship Nature on Non-Financial Disclosure

Having adequate, sufficient and timely information and data is very important for investors' decision making. Processing information and allocating the asset are two fundamental tasks in the securities market and the stock price is more likely to have the nature of disclosure, information effectiveness and asset allocation efficiency. Thus, in this research, the effects of large block transactions and ownership nature on the non- financial disclosure have been investigated in the corporates accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Research population involves the corporates accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange for a 5-year period (2010-2014) that according to research constraints and using the systematic deletion method, the data related to 133 corporates were gathered. In this study, five main hypotheses have been suggested. To analyze the desired data and test the research hypotheses, the software of Eviews has been implemented. Results indicated that the number of large block transactions and nature of ownership are effective in non-financial information disclosure at the whole and the corporates with high transactions, those with low transactions, those in a business group and those in a diverse business group but the effect and explanatory of dependent variables by the independent ones vary at each level.
Optimal Extraction of a Polluting Nonrenewable Resource with R&D toward a Clean Backstop Technology

We study the optimal extraction of a polluting nonrenewable resource within the following framework: environmental regulation is imposed in the form of a ceiling on the stock of pollution and a clean unlimited backstop technology can be developed by research and development. More specifically, the time taken to develop a new technology depends on the amount spent on R&D. A surprising result is that the stringency of the ceiling and the size of the initial stock of the polluting nonrenewable resource have a bearing on whether environmental regulation speeds up the optimal arrival date of this new technology. Compared to a scenario with no environmental externalities, stringent environmental regulation drives up the optimal R&D investment and brings forward the optimal backstop arrival date only in the case of a large initial resource stock. Otherwise, if the initial resource stock is small, regulation reduces optimal R&D and postpones the optimal backstop arrival date. These results are explained by the two roles played by the backstop technology. First, the backstop serves to replace oil once it has been exhausted. As extraction is slowed down by regulation, the exhaustion of the nonrenewable resource is postponed and the long-run gains of innovation are lowered. Second, environmental regulation raises the short-run gains of innovation by increasing the cost of consuming just oil.
Is Euler’s circle a symbol or an icon?

The most familiar scheme of diagrams used in logic is known as Euler’s circles. It is named after the mathematician Leonhard Euler who popularized it in his Letters to a German Princess (1768). The idea is to use spaces to represent classes of individuals. Charles S. Peirce, who made significant contributions to the theory of diagrams, praised Euler’s circles for their ‘beauty’ which springs from their true iconicity. More than a century later, it is not rare to meet with such diagrams in semiotic literature. They are often offered as instances of icons and are said to represent logic relations as they naturally are. This paper discusses the iconicity of Euler’s circles in three phases: first, Euler’s circles are shown to be icons because their relations imitate the relations of the classes. Then, Euler’s circles themselves , independently of their relations to one another, are shown to be icons of classes. Finally, Euler’s circles are shown to be iconic in the highest degree because they have the relations that they are said to represent. The paper concludes with a note on the so-called naturalness of Euler’s circles.
Diversity of mixed microorganism population after screening in the presence of selected VOCs

Biological methods of productive gases treatment from Volatile Organic Compounds are based on the catalytic activities of degradative enzymes from environmental microorganisms. That is why screening for microorganisms able to degrade xenobiotics is performed. In order to isolate microorganisms able do degrade selected VOCs (vinyl acetate and styrene), soil sampling was performed in the area of Synthos S.A. in Oswiecim (Poland) (formerly Chemical Company “Dwory” S.A.) in August 2006. Two independent localizations were chosen for the collection of samples, and they were the outlet of gases arising during polymerisation of polyvinyl acetate and polystyrene. Different selection media were applied. They consisted of mineral salts solution, buffer components, and selective factor. As the selective factor increasing concentrations (50÷4000 mg/dm) of vinyl acetate or constant concentration of styrene (100 mg/dm) were applied. There was no increase of styrene concentration due to the significant drop in the amount of mixed population of microorganisms after application of that selective factor. Isolation, determination of microorganisms’ amount on the grounds of colony morphology and results of the Gram staining of cells, were carried out after introduction of vinyl acetate in the concentrations of 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 and 3500 mg/dm, and at the end of 6 weeks adaptation to styrene. Presence of selected VOCs caused significant changes in the amount and composition of mixed population of microorganisms. Both, vinyl acetate and styrene, resulted in the decrease of the initial number of populations. The ratio of Gram-negative to Gram-positive cells was changing in the presence of selected VOCs. In the beginning Gram-negative bacteria predominated. Increasing concentrations of vinyl acetate brought about gradual decrease in the number of Grampositive bacteria, and finally after application of 3000 mg/dm of vinyl acetate mixed populations consisted of only Gram-negative bacteria. Different chemical structure of styrene probably caused almost complete decay of Gramnegative bacteria in the presence of that selective factor. Differences in the structure of the bacterial cell envelopes are most likely the reason of increased survivability of Gram-positive bacteria, mainly filiform cells of Actinomycetes.
Physicochemical, textural, sensory characteristics and storage stability of goat meat patties extended with full-fat soy paste and soy granules

Summary The performance of full-fat soy paste (FFSP) with reduced beany flavour made by simple processing technology was compared with the commercially available textured soy granules in goat meat patties. Addition of soy proteins (soy paste and soy granules) did not significantly affect the emulsion stability and product yield. Shrinkage of patties with soy paste was comparable with control. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in redness and increase in yellowness of patties was due to addition of soy proteins than in control. Patties with soy paste had comparable but slightly higher total lipid and cholesterol content with that of control but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than patties with soy granules. Lower force was required to compress or shear the sample, as hardness decreased in soy-added patties. Flavour and overall acceptability scores between control and patties with soy paste did not differ significantly, whereas patties with soy granules were rated significantly lower. The patties remained stable with minor changes in physicochemical, microbiological and sensory quality during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) for 20 days. It is concluded from this study that FFSP had potential application similar to commercially available textured soy granules in comminuted meat products.