Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 5 IN T CELLS AND ITS ROLE IN REGULATING T CELL FUNCTION AND DIFFERENTIATION

By ERIC LAM Cdk5 is a unique member of a family of serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinases. Although Cdk5 is ubiquitously expressed, this kinase is predominantly active in postmitotic neurons where there is abundant expression of its obligate activating partners p35 and/or p39. Consequently, Cdk5 has been historically considered a ‘neuron-specific’ kinase and recognized as an essential regulator of neuronal functions. However, aberrant Cdk5 activity has be associated with a variety of inflammatory neurodegenerative disorders and activity of the Cdk5-p35 complex has been associated with disorders involving non-neuronal tissues, indicating the potential for novel extra-neuronal roles for Cdk5. Our work describes a previously unknown function of the Cdk5-p35 complex in T cells. We demonstrate the activity of Cdk5 is required for the induction of EAE, a T-cellmediated neuro-inflammatory disease model of multiple sclerosis. Activation of T cells leads to an induction of Cdk5-p35 expression that we show is essential for optimal T cell function. In an effort to define mechanisms mediating this effect of Cdk5, we discovered that Cdk5 controls IL2 gene expression during T-cell activation by modulating the HDAC1/mSin3a repressor complex. We show this effect of Cdk5 is dependent on specific phosphorylation of the mSin3a protein at serine 861. Disruption of Cdk5 activity
Effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten on growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune function in weaned pigs

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on growth performance, serum antioxidant indices, immune functions, and small intestinal mucosal morphology in weaned pigs. A total of 96 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to 3 diets with 4 pens/diet and 8 piglets/pen (4 barrows and 4 gilts). The diets were basal diet (CON), basal diet supplemented with 2% wheat gluten (WG), and basal diet supplemented with 2% HWG. The experimental period was 28 d. Pigs fed HWG diet had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed efficiency, and lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea rates than those fed CON diet or WG diet. On day 28 after weaning, serum total antioxidative capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities of pigs fed the HWG diet were greater (P < 0.05) than those fed CON diet or 2% WG diet. Pigs fed HWG diet had larger (P < 0.05) spleen and abdominal nymph nodes than pigs fed CON diet or WG diet. In conclusion, dietary WG enhanced growth performance and health of weaned pigs when it was enzymatically hydrolyzed, implying peptides form of glutamine is more beneficial to the nutrient absorption.
Reconstructing the Roman Climate

This chapter frames our current state of knowledge about the physical climate in the period of the Roman Empire's expansion, flourishing, and final fragmentation, at roughly 200 BCE to 600 CE. The emphasis here is on the new evidence of paleoclimate proxy data. The chapter explores what it is starting to tell historians about the timing and nature of large-scale climate change in the centuries of interest. To conclude, the chapter draws together the disparate sources of evidence into a tentative narrative. It highlights the questions that can be asked about the relationship between climate change and historical change and underscores the need for more and better data to fill in such a narrative in the future.
Antinociceptive and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extract and Fractions of the Root Bark of Callichilia stenopetala Stapf. (Family Apocynaceae) In Mice

Plants are important part of the culture of any group of people. Natural medicinal products have been sourced from these plants over centuries to combat health challenges because of their effectiveness. Today, these plants have greater value globally as they play important role at various level of healthcare system because of their therapeutic properties. High percentage (25 %) of conventional drugs on the shelves in the pharmacies have their origin from medicinal plant. The current reinsurgence of interest in ethnomedicinal use of medicinal plants particularly the ones locally available and with long history in the management of diverse ailments has been argued to be as result of treatment failures associated with some orthodox drugs. 5 Some of the wide range of ideal properties promoted for medicinal plant products include high target effectiveness, low cellular toxicity, low cost, easy biodegradability, abundant growth in endemic areas. 7 Pain is a major clinical symptom that serves as warning signal to patients of abnormality in the body system. It serve as unpleasant body response to tissue injury that could affect both the physical and emotional wellbeing. 10 The mechanism of pain initiation involves activating sensorial neurons that transmit nociceptive stimulus at spinal and supra-spinal levels.
The Impact of Different Phytophysiognomies on the Composition of Orchid Bee Communities (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil

Abstract We sampled bees of the tribe Euglossini in three close areas within a small region of São Paulo state that includes three different phytophysiognomies of the Atlantic Forest biome. Even though Euglossini bees are known for flying great distances, there were clear differences in the composition of bee communities, including differences in abundance and richness of species at specific points within the same biome. The area characterized by tropical rainforest was the richest in bee fauna of this group, followed by the mixed rainforest area, whereas no specimens of Euglossini were found in nearby high-altitude fields. The differences in composition and abundance of orchid bees in geographically close areas reveal the importance of the conservation of distinct habitat patches within a biome for bee conservation.
Oxygen dynamics control the burial of organic carbon in a eutrophic reservoir

Organic carbon (OC) mineralization in freshwaters is dependent on oxygen availability near the sediments, which controls whether OC inputs will be buried or respired. However, oxygen dynamics in waterbodies are changing globally due to land use and climate, and the consequences of variable oxygen conditions for OC burial are unknown. We manipulated hypolimnetic oxygen availability in a whole‐reservoir experiment and used a mass balance OC model to quantify rates of OC burial. Throughout summer stratification, we observed that OC burial rates were tightly coupled to sediment oxygen concentrations: oxic conditions promoted the mineralization of “legacy” OC that had accumulated over years of sedimentation, resulting in negative OC burial. Moreover, our study demonstrates that fluctuating oxygen conditions can switch ecosystem‐scale OC burial in a reservoir between positive and negative rates. Consequently, changing oxygen availability in freshwaters globally will likely have large implications for the role of these ecosystems as OC sinks.
Neural Bases of Breathing in the Mouse : Monosynaptic Tracing and Genetic Dissection of Phrenic Premotor Neurons

Breathing uniquely engages permanent rhythmic contractions of skeletal muscles in a bilaterally synchronized manner. The executive control of respiration imparts on sets of brainstem interneurons synaptically assembled into an ordered network: the respiratory central pattern generator (CPG). We investigate the relationship of defined neuronal subtypes to the organizational logic of the respiratory CPG. We have previously demonstrated that neural progenitors expressing the homeobox gene Dbx1 give rise to V0 neurons that go on forming the – preBotzinger complex (preBotC) -- the inspiratory rhythm generator. I now study, via monosynaptic viral tracing in early postnatal mice, the premotor neurons that interface the rhythm generator to output phrenic motor neurons innervating the main inspiratory pump muscle, the diaphragm. I show that the principal premotor neurons in the – rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) – are also V0 interneurons. This work reveals an organization of inspiratory circuits in which V0 cell lineages are crucial for establishing (i) the preBotC (rhythm generator) and the rVRG (rhythm follower) and (ii) a connectivity design that secures the bilaterally balanced amplitude and temporal synchronicity of rhythmic phrenic motor drives necessary for efficient breathing.
Structural bioinformatics tools for the comparison and classification of protein interactions

Most proteins carry out their functions through interactions with other molecules. Thus, proteins taking part in similar interactions are likely to carry out related functions. One way to determine whether two proteins do take part in similar interactions is by quantifying the likeness of their structures. This work focuses on the development of methods for the comparison of proteinprotein and protein-ligand interactions, as well as their application to structure-based classification schemes. A method based on the MultiMer-align (or MM-align) program was developed and used to compare all known dimeric protein complexes. The results of the comparison demonstrates that the method improves over MM-align in a significant number of cases. The data was employed to classify the complexes, resulting in 1,761 different protein-protein interaction types. Through a statistical model, the number of existing protein-protein interaction types in nature was estimated at around 4,000. The model allowed the establishment of a relationship between the number of quaternary families (sequence-based groups of protein-protein complexes) and quaternary folds (structure-based groups). The interactions between proteins and small organic ligands were studied using sequenceindependent methodologies. A new method was introduced to test three similarity metrics. The best of these metrics was subsequently employed, together with five other existing methodologies, to conduct an all-to-all comparison of all the known protein-FAD (Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide) complexes. The results demonstrates that the new methodology captures the best the similarities between complexes in terms of protein-ligand contacts. Based on the all-to-all comparison, the protein-FAD complexes were subsequently separated into 237 groups. In the majority of cases, the classification divided the complexes according to their annotated function. Using a graph-based description of the FAD-binding sites, each group could be further characterized and uniquely described. The study demonstrates that the newly developed methods are superior to the existing ones. The results indicate that both the known protein-protein and the protein-FAD interactions can be classified into a reduced number of types and that in general terms these classifications are consistent with the proteins' functions.
Compact Tri-Band Notched Characteristics UWB Antenna for WiMAX, WLAN and X-Band Applications

Compact microstrip-fed printed monopole antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is suggested for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna is constructed of a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna with partial ground plane and T-shaped strip employed in the ground plane as well as an inverted Ω- and L-shaped slots incorporated within the radiated element. The notched functions are created by the inverted Ω- and L-shaped slots, which are realized for WiMAX (from 2.69 to 4.5 GHz) and WLAN (from 5.49 to 6.37 GHz). The T-shaped parasitic strip generates the third notch for the X-band uplink satellite communication (from 8.15 to 9.61 GHz). The measured operating -10 dB bandwidth of the proposed antenna extends from 2.39 to more than 18 GHz except at the notched bands. The prototype antenna has a total area of 20×20×1.6 mm3. Electromagnetic (EM) simulations are carried out using 3D full-wave FEM-based simulator. EM simulation results are in good agreement with measurement results. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is nearly Omni-directional over the whole targeted band.
In-Vitro Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Avian Mycoplasmas Isolated from Broiler Chicken Flocks Affected with Respiratory Infections

Avian mycoplasmosis is one of the major problems facing the poultry industry, all over the world. Mycoplamsa gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are the two most pathogenic avian mycoplasmas. The present study describes the antibiogram pattern of 13 mollicutes including Mycoplamsa gallisepticum (8), Mycoplasma synoviae (1), Mycoplasma gallinarum (3) and Acholeplasma laidlawii (1) against 21 different antibiotics. These mycoplasma strains were retrieved from the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, LUVAS Hisar which were previously isolated from poultry showing respiratory infection and the in vitro single disc diffusion technique was employed using Frey’s agar medium. Mollicutes were found sensitive to amikacin, enrofloxacin, tylosin, spiromycin, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline and norfloxacin whereas resistant to cloxacillin, nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and ampicillin. The colistin, lincomycin, levofloxacin, erythromycin,ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, gentamicin and oxytetracycline showed variable results which formed the basis to formulate resistotype pattern of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae the well known pathogens. It has been concluded from this study that frequent surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity against avian mycoplasmosis should be undertaken to adopt a suitable control measure on the poultry farms of Haryana.
Identification des modules de la signalisation auxinique impliqués dans la morphogenèse foliaire

L’auxine est une hormone essentielle au developpement des plantes, tant pour la division quel’expansion cellulaire. La transcription des genes de reponses a l’auxine est permise par un mecanisme designalisation faisant intervenir des complexes ubiquitine ligase E3 impliquant des proteines a F-boxTIR1/AFBs, qui en presence d’auxine peuvent interagir avec les represseurs transcriptionnels AUX/IAA pourinduire leur degradation et activer la transcription de genes de reponses a l’auxine. Cette transcriptionimplique des facteurs de transcription ARFs (Auxin Response Factors). Dans la feuille, un maximum d’auxineresultant de l’activite des transporteurs d’efflux d’auxine PIN1 participe a l’initiation des dents a la marge. Lefacteur de transcription CUC2 qui permet la formation des domaines frontieres intervient dans le controle del’orientation des transporteurs PIN1. L’auxine reprime egalement CUC2 limitant ainsi son expression au sinus,ce qui semble necessaire pour la formation des dents. Les acteurs de la signalisation auxinique impliquesdans la formation des dents ne sont neanmoins pas connus chez Arabidopsis.Dans cette these, les profils d’expression des ARFs ont ete mis en evidence dans les jeunes feuillesd’Arabidopsis au moment de la formation des dents et une cartographie fine a ete etablie. Trois ARFspotentiellement represseurs ARF1, ARF3, ARF18 et trois activateurs ARF5, ARF6, ARF8 ont ete identifiescomme etant exprimes dans la zone dent/sinus. La modification de leurs profils d’expression dans des formesde feuilles modifiees par des variations d’expression de CUC2 a egalement ete etudiee. Afin de determiner sices ARFs sont impliques dans la morphogenese foliaire et plus particulierement dans l’initiation des dents, lesimple mutant arf5-2/mpS319, et les doubles mutants arf6-2 arf8-3, arf1-5 arf3-1, arf1-5 arf18-2 et arf3-1arf18-2 ont ete generes et analyses. Les feuilles matures du mutant nul arf5-2/ mpS319 presentent une tailleplus importante que celles de Col-0, suggerant que ARF5 serait implique dans l’expansion cellulaire.
A Noninvasive Molecular Clock for Fetal Development Predicts Gestational Age and Preterm Delivery

We performed a high time-resolution, longitudinal study of normal pregnancy development by measuring cell-free RNA (cfRNA) in blood from women during each week of pregnancy. Analysis of tissue-specific transcripts in these samples enabled us to follow fetal and placental development with high resolution and sensitivity, and also to detect gene-specific responses of the maternal immune system to pregnancy. We established a “clock” for normal pregnancy development and enabled a direct molecular approach to determine expected delivery dates with comparable accuracy to ultrasound, creating the basis for a portable, inexpensive fetal dating method. We also identified a related gene set that accurately discriminated women at risk for spontaneous preterm delivery up to two months in advance of labor, forming the basis of a potential screening test for risk of preterm delivery.
Cadmium (Cd)-concentration and histopathological changes and metallothionien expression in the kidney of wild great bandicoots residing in a Cd-intoxicated area in Thailand

The cadimium (Cd)-concentration and the gene expression of metallothionien, an intrinsic Cd-detoxifying protein, as well as the histopathology were examined in kidneys of wild great bandicoots from Cd-contaminated and non-contaminated areas in Thailand. The Cd-concentration was higher in the animals with higher body-weight/size from both of the contaminated and non-contaminated areas. The Cd-concentration in large-sized animals from the contaminated area was the highest among all the specimens, while that in medium-sized animals from the contaminated area was higher than that in large-sized ones from the non-contaminated area. No significant difference in the Cd-concentration was noted between small-sized animals from the contaminated and non-contaminated areas. In accord with the comparison result of the renal Cd-concentration, the histopathological changes such as necrosis, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis, were more severe in the kidneys of animals with larger body-sizes from the contaminated areas. No significant difference in the expression of gene for metallothionien was noted between kidneys of the animals from the contaminated and non-contaminated areas.
Intracranial interictal functional networks predict the effect of subacute cortical stimulation in focal epilepsy

Background Electric neurostimulation is being developed as an alternative treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy patients. A major challenge is to identify, among all possible combinations of stimulation parameters, the most effective stimulation protocol to achieve seizure control for each patient. Objective To estimate the value of interictal intracranial EEG recordings in identifying the most effective stimulation protocol in order to decrease number of seizures during intracranial subacute cortical stimulation (SCS). Methods Five patients undergoing SCS were included in this retrospective study. Bivariate correlation measures were applied to baseline interictal intracranial EEG recordings to infer functional correlation networks. The node strength of these networks was calculated for each recording electrode (indicating the overall correlation between activity from one electrode with the activity from all other electrodes). The relationship between node strength and the change in seizure rate associated with SCS was studied for the electrodes used for stimulation. Results Across all five patients, node strength was negatively correlated with seizure rate ratio (ratio of seizure rate during SCS relative to during baseline) for all frequency bands tested (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma, and high gamma), and both the common reference and the common average montage. Conclusion Interictal functional correlation networks contain information that correlates with the effect of SCS on the rate of epileptic seizures, suggesting that stimulation of those regions with higher node strength (derived from correlation networks) is more effective in reducing number of seizures. HIGHLIGHTS In focal epilepsy, effective brain stimulation targets are lacking We use baseline interictal functional networks to outline stimulation targets Stimulation of regions with higher node strength is most effective in our study
Habitat Aedes Pradewasa dan Indeks Entomologi di 11 Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever still becomes public health problems in South Sumatera Province with all of its regencies/cities have infested with Aedes aegypti. This research aimed to determine Aedes entomological indices and its breeding habitats. The research located at 11 regencies/cities, where in every regencies/cities determined two clusters (village) based on incidence rate in the last three years. Survey of preadult mosquito was carried out inside and outside areas of 1181 houses using single larva method with modification. The survey found that the dengue vector indices for house index, breteau index, and container index were at range 22,6% - 60,6%, 26,4 – 154,1 and 8,0% - 36,2% respectively. The most dominant water holding containers found infested with pre-adults mosquito were cement tanks (33,4%), followed by buckets (18,2%) and drums (14,7%). Inside houses, larva or pupae found dominants in cement tanks (44,3%), buckets (19,5%) and drums (13,9%), while outside of the house were used containers (20,7%), followed by drums (16,7%), buckets (15,0%) and used tires (11,9%). Statistical analysis by chi-square test showed a significant relationship between infested of Aedes pre-adults with characteristic of containers (colours, volume, location found and containers). Larval survey by visiting houses should carry out routinely and integrated into dengue vector control program.
Summer and winter space use and home range characteristics of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in eastern North America

ABSTRACT Movement behavior and its relationship to habitat provide critical information toward understanding the effects of changing environments on birds. The eastern North American population of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) is a genetically distinct and small population of conservation concern. To evaluate the potential responses of this population to changing landscapes, we calculated the home range and core area sizes of 52 eagles of 6 age–sex classes during the summer and winter seasons. Variability in range size was related to variation in topography and open cover, and to age and sex. In summer, eagle ranges that were smaller had higher proportions of ridge tops and open cover and had greater topographic roughness than did larger ranges. In winter, smaller ranges had higher proportions of ridge tops, hillsides and cliffs, and open cover than did larger ranges. All age and sex classes responded similarly to topography and open cover in both seasons. Not surprisingly, adult eagles occupied the smallest ranges in both seasons. Young birds used larger ranges than adults, and subadults in summer used the largest ranges (>9,000 km2). Eastern adult home ranges in summer were 2–10 times larger than those reported for other populations in any season. Golden Eagles in eastern North America may need to compensate for generally lower-quality habitat in the region by using larger ranges that support access to adequate quantities of resources (prey, updrafts, and nesting, perching, and roosting sites) associated with open cover and diverse topography. Our results suggest that climate change–induced afforestation on the breeding grounds and ongoing land cover change from timber harvest and energy development on the wintering grounds may affect the amount of suitable habitat for Golden Eagles in eastern North America.