Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and Secretion of Effectors From the Pseudomonas syringae Type III Secretion System

Title of Dissertation: IDENTIFICATION AND SECRETION OF EFFECTORS FROM THE PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM Liliana Cristina Losada Bohannon, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation Directed By: Dr. Steven W. Hutcheson, Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics The hrp pathogenicity island (PAI) of Pseudomonas syringae encodes a type III secretion system (TTSS) that translocates virulence proteins, called effectors, into plant cells. The whole array of effectors of different P. syringae stains and their activities inside the host are not known. Furthermore, the manner in which effectors are selected for secretion, and how the process is regulated are not clear in P. syringae. This study identified a novel effector from P. syringae pv. syringae Psy61 using a genomic screen. The effector was a 375 aa protein of 40.5 kDa that was designated HopPsyL. A hopPsyL::kan mutant of Psy61 exhibited strongly reduced virulence in Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Kentucky Wonder, but did not appear to act as a defense response suppressor. The ectopically expressed gene reduced the virulence of P. syringae DC3000 transformants in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0. HopPsyL appears to be a novel TTSS-dependent effector that functions as a host-speciesspecific virulence factor in Psy61. In addition, this study reports that TTSSdependent effectors are subject to the proteolytic degradation by Lon that appears to be rate-limiting to secretion. TTSS-dependent secretion of these effectors could be detected from the Lon mutants. This study found that a primary role for chaperones in P. syringae appeared to be protection of effectors from Lon-mediated degradation prior to secretion. Distinct Lon-targeting and chaperone-binding domains were identified in at least one effector. The results imply that Lon is involved at two distinct levels in the regulation of the P. syringae TTSS: regulation of assembly of the secretion apparatus and modulation of effector secretion. Interestingly, degradation of P. syringae effectors was also retarded by the presence or expression of the P. syringae TTSS. The protection from Lon-mediated degradation was not due to the assembly of the TTSS. Rather, the results suggest the existence of a stabilizing factor harbored within the hrp cluster. This study proposed that this factor functions as a general chaperone for type III secretion in P. syringae. IDENTIFICATION AND SECRETION OF EFFECTORS FROM THE PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM
The Profile of Glycated Hemoglobin in Non-Diabetic Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: A disturbed glucose metabolism is quite common during pregnancy. It is due to the diabetogenic potential of pregnancy and responsible for many obstetric complications. The glycated hemoglobin is one of the markers used to depict these disorders. Higher concentrations of this marker would be associated with unfavorable results of pregnancy. Objective: To describe the profile of HbA1c in non-diabetic preeclamptic pregnant women and to establish the association between the values of this marker and the maternal and fetal complications. Materials and Method: This is a case-control study of 142 pregnant women in their second and third trimester. They were followed in the maternity hospitals of University Clinics and the General Reference Hospital in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo between May and October 2019. The sampling of preeclamptic pregnant women was exhaustive. Controls were healthy pregnant women carrying pregnancies of the same type and of the same gestational age as the cases. Ultimately, 71 were preeclamptic and 71 healthy (controls). HbA1c was determined by immunoturbidimetry. Results: A total of 142 pregnant women took part in this study consisting of 71 preeclamptic women (cases) and 71 healthy pregnant women (controls). The average age of these pregnant women was 28.8 ± 6.8 (28.2 ± 6.8 years vs 29.5 ± 6.8 years p = 0.559), with an average parity of 2.3 ± 1.5 (2.2 ± 1.7 vs 2.4 ± 1.2, p = 0.005). The majority were carriers of monofoetal pregnancy. Higher HbA1c values were observed in the preeclamptic pregnant women compared to the controls (5.7 ± 1.3% vs 4.8 ± 0.7%, p 0.001). The proportion of pregnant women with pathological HbA1c values (>5.6%) was also higher in the group of preeclamptic pregnant women (46.5% vs 9.9%, p Conclusion: This study established that 46.5% of non-diabetic pregnant women with preeclampsia have high HbA1c values, which moreover are associated with preeclampsia and its complications. Systematic screening is essential for detecting preeclampsia or diabetes or both.
Genetics of pathogenicity in Pyrenophora leaf diseases of barley

Net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres is a serious disease of barley in many cereal production areas world-wide, including the Western Cape province of South Africa. The pathogen occurs as two forms, namely P. teres f. teres, which produces net-blotch symptoms, and P. teres f. maculata which produces leaf spots. Pyrenophora japonica and P. hordei, which have also been reported in South Africa, also produce spots on susceptible barley cultivars. Using RAPD markers, spot-forming isolates from the South African population were found to be relatively uniform. Single ascospores were obtained from pseudothecia after in vitro mating had occurred between a verified P. teres net-blotch isolate from Denmark and a representative Pyrenophora leaf spot isolate from South Africa. Using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and RAPD markers, recombination was demonstrated in the progeny which had DNA banding patterns different from the two parental isolates. Pathogenicity trials also confirmed that recombination had taken place during mating. Inoculations were conducted on the differential cultivars susceptible to the net-blotch and leaf spot forms. The two parents induced typical net-blotch or leaf spot symptoms whereas the progeny mostly induced a jagged spot symptom on each cultivar. Fungicide sensitivity tests using the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors triademinol, bromuconazole and triticonazole showed that, due to recombination, some progeny could have increased resistance to these fungicides. Due to mating *Published: Campbell, G.F. , Crous, P.W. & Lucas, JA 1999. Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, the cause of Pyrenophora leaf spot of barley in South Africa. Mycological Research 103, 257-267. 47 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Students’ Ability in Translating Narrative Text from Indonesia into English

Mastering translation skill gives more career opportunities beyond academics domain for English learner especially English department students in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyze English Department students’ ability in translating a narrative text into English. The study was focused on accuracy, readability, and acceptability of the translation product. The subject was students of English Department at Universitas Eka Sakti Padang. The result showed that that the ability of the students in translating Indonesian text into English is in medium or average level. The improvement is needed in translation studies in order to create more job opportunities beyond academics area for the students in the future.
Coronavirus: Who is Right about Potential Transmissionthrough the Ocular Surface

With an outbreak of acute respiratory illness associated with 2019 Novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, more than 40 thousand of people have been confirmed infected by this virus, which leads to death of more than 9 hundred patients at present and poses a great risk to public health across the country. This newly identified virus has high infectivity, mortality rate and variable latency. No vaccine is available to prevent 2019-nCoV infection. All these impose a challenge in the prevention. The best way is to avoid being exposed to this virus. The identified transmission of this virus is air droplets. It is also probably transmitted through close contact with body fluids of infected people.
A nuclear export signal in the N-terminal regulatory domain of IκBα controls cytoplasmic localization of inactive NF-κB/IκBα complexes

Appropriate subcellular localization is crucial for regulation of NF-κB function. Herein, we show that latent NF-κB complexes can enter and exit the nucleus in preinduction states. The nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B (LMB) sequestered NF-κB/IκBα complexes in the nucleus. Using deletion and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a previously uncharacterized nuclear export sequence in residues 45–54 of IκBα that was required for cytoplasmic localization of inactive complexes. This nuclear export sequence also caused nuclear exclusion of heterologous proteins in a LMB-sensitive manner. Importantly, a LMB-insensitive CRM1 mutant (Crm1-K1) abolished LMB-induced nuclear accumulation of the inactive complexes. Moreover, a cell-permeable p50 NF-κB nuclear localization signal peptide also blocked these LMB effects. These results suggest that NF-κB/IκBα complexes shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus by a nuclear localization signal-dependent nuclear import and a CRM1-dependent nuclear export. The LMB-induced nuclear complexes could not bind DNA and were inaccessible to signaling events, because LMB inhibited NF-κB activation without affecting the subcellular localization of upstream kinases IKKβ and NIK. Our findings indicate that the dominant nuclear export over nuclear import contributes to the largely cytoplasmic localization of the inactive complexes to achieve efficient NF-κB activation by extracellular signals.
Relación entre indicadores biomecánicos y psicofisiológicos y el rendimiento en una carrera de montaña vertical

Con el objetivo de conocer la relacion entre indicadores biomecanicos y psicofisiologicos, asi como las posibles diferencias psicofisiologicas pre-post y entre el uso o no de bastones con el rendimiento en las subidas en corredores de montana, se realiza un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo de una carrera de montana vertical. Para ello, se analizaron variables biomecanicas (velocidad, y manifestaciones de fuerza y potencia) y psicofisiologicas (lactato, frecuencia cardiaca y percepcion subjetiva de fatiga) en un total de nueve (n = 9) corredores experimentados, divididos en dos grupos segun su uso (n = 4) o no (n = 5) de bastones durante la carrera. Se realizan analisis no parametricos para determinar las posibles relaciones entre variables, diferencias entre grupos y diferencias entre los valores psicofisiologicos previos y posteriores a la prueba. Los resultados no presentan diferencias ni correlaciones significativas (p < 0.05) de rendimiento entre los que usaron bastones o no. Hay diferencias significativas entre las variables psicofisiologicas previas y posteriores, ademas de relaciones del rendimiento (tiempo final y relacion de tiempo con el primer clasificado) con mayor frecuencia cardiaca media y maxima, asi como una menor acumulacion de lactato. Se concluye que un mejor rendimiento en una carrera de montana vertical se asocia a una mayor eficiencia fisiologica pero no a mayores manifestaciones de fuerza y potencia de salto en corredores entrenados. ===In order to know the relationship between biomechanical and psychophysiological indicators, as well as the possible pre-post psychophysiological differences and the use of poles in the uphill performance on mountain runners, we performed a prospective and descriptive study of one vertical mountain race. Thus, it was analysed biomechanical (speed and strength/power manifestations) and psychophysiological variables (lactate, heart rate and subjective perception of fatigue) with a total of nine (n = 9) experienced runners divided into groups to use (n = 4) or not (n = 5) poles during the race. Nonparametric analyses were performed to observe the correlations between variables, the differences between groups and the differences between the psychophysiological values before and after the test. The results do not present significant (p < 0.05) differences or correlations of performance between those that used poles or not. There are significant differences between the psychophysiological variables pre and post, in addition they show correlations of performance (final time and relation of time with the first classified) with higher mean and maximum heart rate, as well as a lower lactate accumulation. It is concluded that a better performance in a mountain vertical race is associated to higher physiological efficiency but not to greater strength and power jump manifestations in trained runners.
Cytokeratin 13 is a Marker for Human Conjunctival Epithelium

Methods:Cryosections were obtained from normal sclerocorneal tissues. Expression at the protein level were as evaluated by immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies specific for human K13, K19, and K12, and labeled with the appropriate secondary antibodies. Specificity of the expression was confirmed on impression cytology specimens obtained from normal human sclerocorneal tissues with a sterile, single-packed Biopore membrane. Double staining of K12 and K19, K13 and K12, were performed to further evaluate the specificity of the expression on both the sclerocorneal tissue and impression cytology specimens. The pictures were taken under 25X object using a fluorescent microscope
Abstract 3548: Study of the tumor suppressive machinery of arsenic trioxide-induced glioblastoma multiforme inhibition via microRNA-182-Sestrin2 regulatory circuit

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is classified the fourth grade of human glioma that indicates the most malignant brain tumor with poor five-year survival (5%). Accumulated evidence showed that GBM cells were resistant to various therapeutic strategies. Recently, use of arsenic trioxide (ATO) to induce apoptosis and to increase the radiosensitivity was reported for the benefit in treating GBMs. However, the responsible signaling cascades are still remain investigation. MicroRNA, a category of RNA interference, regulates its downstream genes post transcriptionally by binding to the 3′untraslated region (UTR) of its targets. In this study, we used S1 and S1R1 GBM cells which were derived from the primary and the recurrent lesion respectively. Firstly, we identified that an oncogenic microRNA, miR-182, was down-regulated after the treatment of ATO in both GBM cells. In addition, one of the miR-182 targeted coding genes, Sestrin 2 (SESN2), plays an important role in relieving intracellular oxidative stress and participates in TP53 tumor suppressive pathway. Use of luciferase-based reporter assay confirmed that miR-182 directly bound to SESN2 3′UTR and interrupted the further translation. Intriguingly, the basal level of miR-182 in the primary S1 GBM was significantly lower than the recurrent S1R1 GBM, supporting the oncogenic evidence in the previous studies. The counteracted SESN2 expression was also determined by real-time qPCR and western blot. We then hypothesized that ATO may retarded the growth of GBM through a miR-182-SESN2 related regulatory axis. Overexpression of miR-182 in S1 GBM resulted in a decrease of SESN2 and insensitive to ATO treatment. On the opposite, inhibition of miR-182 in S1R1 GBM dramatically retarded the growth rate and sensitized the cells to ATO. Moreover, pretreatment of an antioxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), rescued the miR-182 suppression, suggesting that ATO-induced oxidative stress may be dominant in this responsive axis. Concordant expression of miR-182/96/182 cassette was revealed, indicating the transcriptional regulation was unveiled. Further investigation on the detailed machinery still remain elucidating. Based on our findings, we displayed that ATO-induced oxidative stress triggered a tumor suppressive response through a miR-182-SESN2 dependent machinery. Citation Format: Liang-Ting Lin, Shih-Hwa Chiou, Yi-Jang Lee. Study of the tumor suppressive machinery of arsenic trioxide-induced glioblastoma multiforme inhibition via microRNA-182-Sestrin2 regulatory circuit. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3548. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3548
Anisotropic fluoride nanocrystals modulated by facet-specific passivation and their disordered surfaces

Abstract Rutile-type fluorides have been proven to be active components in the context of emerging antiferr-omagnetic devices. However, controlled synthesis of low-dimensional, in particular two-dimensional (2D), fluorides in a predictable and deterministic manner remains unrealized because of a lack of efficient anisotropic control, which impedes their further development in reduced dimensions. We report here that altered passivation of {110} growing facets can direct the synthesis of rutile-type fluoride nanocrystals into well-defined zero-dimensional (0D) particulates, one-dimensional (1D) rods and 2D sheets in a colloidal approach. The obtained nanocrystals show positive exchange bias and enhanced magnetic transition temperature from the coexistence of long-range antiferromagnetic order and disordered surface spins, making them strong alternatives for flexible magnetic devices and sensors.
Graph‐based optimal asynchronous scheduling in large propagation delay underwater acoustic sensor networks

Optimal scheduling is essential to minimize the time wastage and maximize throughput in high propagation delay networks such as in underwater and satellite communication. Understanding the drawbacks of synchronous scheduling, this paper addresses an asynchronous optimal scheduling problem to minimize the time wastage during the transmission. The proposed scheduling problem is analyzed in both broadcast and non‐broadcast networks, which is highly applicable in high propagation delay networks. In broadcast networks, the proposed scheduling method reduces to a graph‐theoretic model that is shown to be equivalent to the classic algorithmic asymmetric traveling salesman problem (TSP) which is NP‐Hard. Although it is NP‐Hard, the TSP is well‐investigated with many available methods to find the best solution for up to tens of thousands of nodes. In non‐broadcast networks, the optimal solution to the scheduling problem considers the possibility of parallel transmission, which is optimized using graph coloring algorithm. The groups obtained through graph coloring are solved using Asymmetric Traveling Salesman algorithm to obtain the optimal schedule. The proposed method efficiently solves the scheduling problem for networks of practical size.
CO2 supersaturation along the aquatic conduit in Swedish watersheds as constrained by terrestrial respiration, aquatic respiration and weathering

We tested the hypothesis that CO2 supersaturation along the aquatic conduit over Sweden can be explained by processes other than aquatic respiration. A first generalized‐additive model (GAM) analysis evaluating the relationships between single water chemistry variables and pCO2 in lakes and streams revealed that water chemistry variables typical for groundwater input, e.g., dissolved silicate (DSi) and Mg2+ had explanatory power similar to total organic carbon (TOC). Further GAM analyses on various lake size classes and stream orders corroborated the slightly higher explanatory power for DSi in lakes and Mg2+ for streams compared with TOC. Both DSi and TOC explained 22–46% of the pCO2 variability in various lake classes (0.01–>100 km2) and Mg2+ and TOC explained 11–41% of the pCO2 variability in the various stream orders. This suggests that aquatic pCO2 has a strong groundwater signature. Terrestrial respiration is a significant source of the observed supersaturation and we may assume that both terrestrial respiration and aquatic respiration contributed equally to pCO2 efflux. pCO2 and TOC concentrations decreased with lake size suggesting that the longer water residence time allow greater equilibration of CO2 with the atmosphere and in‐lake mineralization of TOC. For streams, we observed a decreasing trend in pCO2 with stream orders between 3 and 6. We calculated the total CO2 efflux from all Swedish lakes and streams to be 2.58 Tg C yr−1. Our analyses also demonstrated that 0.70 Tg C yr−1 are exported to the ocean by Swedish watersheds as HCO3− and CO32− of which about 0.56 Tg C yr−1 is also a residual from terrestrial respiration and constitute a long‐term sink for atmospheric CO2. Taking all dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes along the aquatic conduit into account will lower the estimated net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) by 2.02 Tg C yr−1, which corresponds to 10% of the NEE in Sweden.
Thai University Student Travel Behavior: An Extension of Theory of Planned Behavior

Previous tourism studies have applied the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in different contexts including medical, casino and senior travelers. These examinations support the applicability of the TPB and a number of additional predictors have been included in the original model of the TPB to better explain behavioral intentions and actual behavior in respect of travel. However, little attention has been given to explore further factors which influence young tourist behavior. The purpose of this empirical research is to seek further insight into the travel motivations of university students and their travel behavior within ASEAN destinations after the official establishment of the AEC in 2015. The questionnaire was distributed to university students in Thailand during December 2016 and January 2017. A total of 338 responses were obtained, of which 289 cases were deemed usable for the statistical analysis. A series of multiple regression analyses were conducted. Overall, additionally to the elements of the TPB, the findings indicated that travel motivations regarding cultural experiences were a significant predictor for this tourist segment. Social reference had the strongest significant impact on Thai students. Important implications for Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) are suggested.
Ultrasound abdomen as a tool to predict difficult cholecystectomy

Cholelithiasis is a common problem with an estimated 20million people suffering from it in the United States of America, the incidence being 6.5% in males and 10.5% in females, yearly a million people require hospitalisation and 700,000 of them undergo surgery for the same, costing the US government an annual expenditure of 5 billion USD. This makes gallbladder diseases the costliest health problem.