Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of American Consumer Interest in Bulgogi: Application of Importance-Performance Analysis in the U.S. Market

This study used importance-performance analysis of different attributes of Bulgogi to investigate Americans’ interest in this food. The results of this study will help determine the potential of expanding its consumption in the American foodservice market. Questionnaires were distributed to 200 diners in Korean restaurants located in New York, U.S.A. from July 13 to Oct 8, 2009. A total of 172 copies were returned and analyzed in this study. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 17.0. Of the total subjects, 74.4% were already familiar with Bulgogi and 69.2% had at least one experience trying it. Targeting the respondents who had eaten Bulgogi, preference and satisfaction toward the dish, as well as the intention to repurchase and recommend it to others, were examined, and scores were found to be very high at 4.53, 4.46, 4.26, and 4.47 points, respectively, on a 5-point scale. According to importance-performance analysis, the top five Bulgogi attributes in importance were taste, freshness, flavor, tenderness, and juiciness, and those for performance were freshness, flavor, taste, tenderness, and overall acceptability. However, sweetness and saltiness showed relatively lower performance and ease of purchase was noted as an attribute needing improvement. Therefore, American consumers' needs for Bulgogi should be met by enhancing its flavor, while maintaining the traditional taste, as well as by supplementing the channels providing Bulgogi.
Frequency-Dependent Monte Carlo Simulations of Phonon Transport in Nanostructures

It is now widely recognized that phonon transport in micro/nanostructures is strongly affected by interfaces and boundaries, which can lead to a significantly reduced thermal conductivity (Cahill et al., 2003; Chen, 2005; McConnell & Goodson, 2005). On one hand, the reduced thermal conductivity can significantly impede heat spreading in microelectronic and photonic devices, creating challenges to thermal management (Garimella et al., 2008). On the other hand, such size effects have been exploited to develop nanostructured bulk materials with better thermoelectric (TE) performance (Hsu et al., 2004; Poudel et al., 2008; Ma et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008; Joshi et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2009; Zhu et al., 2009). The effectiveness of a TE material is ultimately determined by its dimensionless figure of merit (ZT), defined as 2 / ZT S ┫T k = , where S , ┫ , k , T represent Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and absolute temperature, respectively (Goldsmid, 1964). In nanostructured bulk materials, nanostructured interfaces can be designed to strongly scatter phonons but only slightly affect the charge carrier transport. This approach leads to a significant reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity L k , and in some cases a simultaneous increase of the power factor 2 S ┫ (Minnich et al., 2009a), resulting in ZT improvements over their bulk counterparts. Unlimited to traditional TE materials, the nanostructuring approach may also yield a high ZT in materials that were previously unsuitable for TE applications due to their high thermal conductivities. This concept was demonstrated in nanostructured bulk silicon, where a ZT around 0.7 was achieved at around 1200 K (Bux et al., 2009). With bulk-like electrical properties and significantly reduced thermal conductivity, ZT=0.6 at room temperature was reported for rough silicon nanowires (Hochbaum, 2008). Low thermal conductivities were also found in silicon nanomesh structures, with electrical conductivities preserved from bulk silicon in the highdoping range (Yu et al., 2010). Along this line, ZT around 0.4 was measured at room temperature for silicon membranes with high density of nanoscopic holes (Tang et al., 2010). Despite these promising results, very little theoretical work has been conducted to understand the phonon transport in nanostructured bulk materials, which hinders the prediction of their potential ZT improvements. There have been efforts applying the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) to periodic 2D structures (Chung & Kaviany, 2000; Yang & Chen, 2004; Yang et al., 2005; Prasher, 2006; Miyazaki et al., 2006; Pattamattaa & Madnia, 2009), but with the gray medium approximation, i.e., a frequency-independent phonon mean free path (MFP). For arbitrary structures, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are
Effective Design of the Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the Flowshop Problem with Minimum Makespan Criterion

In this paper we address the n-job, m-machine flowshop scheduling problem with minimum completion time (makespan) as the performance criterion. We describe an efficient design of the Simulated Annealing algorithm for solving approximately this NP-hard problem. The main difficulty in implementing the algorithm is no apparent analogy for the temperature as a parameter in the flowshop combinatorial problem. Moreover, the quality of solutions is dependent on the choice of cooling scheme, initial temperature, number of iterations, and the temperature decrease rate at each step as the annealing proceeds. We propose how to choose the values of all the aforementioned parameters, as well as the Boltzmann factor for the Metropolis scheme. Three perturbation techniques are tested and their impact on the solutions quality is analyzed. We also compare a heuristic and randomly generated solutions as initial seeds to the annealing optimization process. Computational experiments indicate that the proposed design provides very good results – the quality of solutions of the Simulated Annealing algorithm is favorably compared with two different heuristics. Keywords—flowshop, heuristics, makespan, simulated annealing.
A Study of Facebook Usage Patterns amongst Students

This study was designed to find out the Facebook usage pattern amongst students. The study used ex-post factor design. This study attempts to understand the inter relationship between income and the use of Facebook, usage level depending upon the gender and daily time spend. Purposive and simple random samplings were used to select the sample. Senior secondary school with a total population of 500 and a sample size of 98 students were drawn and used for the study. Questionnaires were used for the study: “social media habits of senior school children. ” Three research hypotheses were raised and tested i.e. t-test, p-test and chi-square test. Tools were used for the statistical analysis. The finding shows there are various patterns of Facebook usage amongst students’ . The result also shows significant difference between male and female usage patterns of Facebook.
Is there more information in Best Worst choice data? Using the variance-covariance matrix to consider consumer heterogeneity

Best Worst Scaling (BWS) has been shown to be a powerful method for preference and attribute importance measurement and is already widely established in wine marketing to analyse what drives wine consumers’ purchase decisions. Most prior BWS studies utilised Best Worst scores on an aggregated level only to measure relative attribute importance for the total sample or used sociodemographic or wine behaviour related variables to describe apriori segments. Not many studies considered individual differences in the Best Worst scores to find post hoc segments based on revealed differences of attribute importance. Is there more information contained in Best-Worst data than has been considered to approach this problem? We exemplify for data of British on-premise wine purchase behaviour how considering the attribute variance-covariance matrix allows valuable insights into what drives consumer heterogeneity. Attributes with high variance signal respondents’ disagreement on their importance and indicate the existence of distinctive consumer segments. Attributes jointly driving those segments can be identified by a high covariance. Based on the variancecovariance matrix we identify five dimensions of utility with a principal component analysis which show to be a very efficient tool for an effective interpretation of behavioural drivers of clusters derived by latent clustering. Our analysis opens new doors for marketing research to a more insightful interpretation of BWS data. This information gives marketing managers powerful advice on which attributes they have to focus to target different consumer segments.
Structural Elucidation and Antimicrobial Analysis of Chloroform Leaf Extract of Acanthus montanus

Leaf extract of Acanthus montanus of the family Acanthacea which is widely used traditionally for medicinal purposes was worked on to elucidate the structure of the pharmaceutical active ingredients. Thin layer chromatography of chloroform leaf extract showed one spot with Rf value of 0.78. The extract was subjected to spectroscopic analysis using FTIR, Uv-Visible, H 1 NMR, C 13 NMR and GCMS instruments. The suggested structure for the chloroform leaf extract was 4-butyl acrylate (3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl). Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of the pure extract was carried out extract using 10 bacteria species (gram positive and gram negative) such as Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, Proteus vulgaris, S. albus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas pyocyania, Streptococcus sp, Klebsiella aerogenes and fungal cultures such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida alblicans with zone of inhibition ranging between 8 and 22mm. This antimicrobial result was compared with that of some standard antibiotics and was discovered to be potent and effective in both fungi and bacteria.
Internal Waves and Mixing in the Marginal Ice Zone near the Yermak Plateau

Observations were made of oceanic currents, hydrography, and microstructure in the southern Yermak Plateau in summer 2007. The location is in the marginal ice zone at the Arctic Front northwest of Svalbard, where the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) carries the warm Atlantic Water into the Arctic Ocean. Time series of approximately 1-day duration from five stations (upper 520 m) and of an 8-day duration from a mooring are analyzed to describe the characteristics of internal waves and turbulent mixing. The spectral composition of the internal-wave field over the southern Yermak Plateau is 0.1‐0.3 times the midlatitude levels and compares with the most energetic levels in the central Arctic. Dissipation rate and eddy diffusivity below the pycnocline increase from the noise level on the cold side of the front by one order of magnitude on the warm side, where 100-m-thick layers with average diffusivities of 5 3 10 25 m 2 s 21 lead to heat loss from the Atlantic Water of 2‐4 W m 22 . Dissipation in the upper 150 m is well above the noise level at all stations, but strong stratification at the cold side of the front prohibits mixing across the pycnocline. Close to the shelf, at the core of the Svalbard branch of the WSC, diffusivity increases by another factor of 3‐6. Here, nearbottom mixing removes 15 W m 22 of heat from the Atlantic layer. Internal-wave activity and mixing show variability related to topography and hydrography; thus, the path of the WSC will affect the cooling and freshening of the Atlantic inflow. When generalized to the Arctic Ocean, diapycnal mixing away from abyssal plains can be significant for the heat budget. Around the Yermak Plateau, it is of sufficient magnitude to influence heat anomaly pulses entering the Arctic Ocean; however, diapycnal mixing alone is unlikely to be significant for regional cooling of the WSC.
Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics

The effective access to and reuse of geospatial information (GI) has come to be of critical value in modern knowledge based society. The standardized web services defined by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) are frequently used for the implementation of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), to expose geospatial data, metadata and models on the Web. These GI are normally stored in an encoded geospatial layer, which is hidden from search engines. SDI uses a catalogue service for the web as a gateway to GI through the metadata defined by ISO standards, which are structurally diverse to OGC metadata. Therefore, a crosswalk needs to be implemented to bridge the OGC resources discovered on mainstream web with those documented by metadata in an SDI to enrich its information extent. We have to build mechanisms allowing entrepreneurs and developers access the information SDI is providing to build their apps. The paper reports a global wide and user friendly platform of OGC resources available on the web with the main goal to ensure and enhance the use of GI within a multidisciplinary context and to bridge the geospatial web from the end-user perspective, thus to open its borders to more web communities. The platform has been developed in the research project Borderless Geospatial Web (Bolegweb).
Motion Adaption in Animals 2 . 1 . Mobility

1. Inroduction Humans and higher animals possess an efficiency of motion which far exceeds that of most machines. Future robotic tasks will demand motion and force capabilities which cannot be realized by conventional machines and which may require the dramatic improvement associated with humanlike efficiencies; tasks in the construction environment are present day examples which may drive the adoption of these advanced technologies. A prevalent characteristic of animal motion is dynamic stability (active balancing) from which the basis of this research, and the title to this paper, is derived.
When a boy meets a girl: the role of hormones in social situations relevant to male mating

Men zegt dat vrouwen worden beheerst door hormonen, maar dit proefschrift toont aan dat hetzelfde gezegd kan worden voor mannen. De studies die beschreven staan in dit proefschrift tonen aan dat voor mannen testosteron en cortisol belangrijke hormonen zijn in sociale situaties die relevant zijn voor de paarvorming in mensen. Naar mijn mening heeft dit proefschrift een aantal nieuwe bevindingen toegevoegd aan de bestaande literatuur over hormonen en gedrag. De belangrijkste bevindingen van dit proefschrift zijn: (1) Agressief dominante mannen reageren met een sterkere stijging in hun testosteronspiegel wanneer zij sociaal contact hebben met een onbekende vrouw, (2) Tijdens een competitie stijgt de testosteronspiegel in mannen vooral wanneer hun tegenstander zelfverzekerder is, (3) De cortisolspiegel van mannen stijgt tijdens contact met een aantrekkelijke vrouw, (4) Een verhoogde testosteronspiegel door intra-seksuele competitie stimuleert affiliatief gedrag van mannen gericht naar vrouwen, (5) Mannen met een meer mannelijke (lagere) 2D: 4D hebben een meer agressieve dominante persoonlijkheid.
Impact of Radii Ratios on a Two-Dimensional Cloaking Structure and Corresponding Analysis for Practical Design at Optical Wavelengths

This work is an extension to the evaluation and analysis of a two-dimensional cylindrical cloak in the Terahertz or visible range spectrum using Finite Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. It was concluded that it is possible to expand the frequency range of a cylindrical cloaking model by careful scaling of the inner and outer radius of the simulation geometry with respect to cell size and/or number of time steps in the simulation grid while maintaining appropriate stability conditions. Analysis in this study is based on a change in the radii ratio, that is, outer radius to inner radius, of the cloaking structure for an array of wavelengths in the visible spectrum. Corresponding outputs show inconsistency in the cloaking pattern with respect to frequency. The inconsistency is further increased as the radii ratio is decreased. The results also help to establish a linear relationship between the transmission coefficient and the real component of refractive index with respect to different radii ratios which may simplify the selection of the material for practical design purposes. Additional performance analysis is carried out such that the dimensions of the cloak are held constant at an average value and the frequency varied to determine how a cloaked object may be perceived by the human eye which considers different wavelengths to be superimposed on each other simultaneously.
Fundamentals Still Matter : The Determinants of Equity Option Returns ∗

This paper studies the determinants of the delta-hedged equity option returns both theoretically and empirically. Under a Merton-type structural model with double-exponential jump diffusion process, the expected return of delta-hedged equity option portfolio is determined by two firm-level variables: financial leverage and asset volatility of the firm. The result suggests that the determinants affect positive and negative delta-hedged option returns differently and it is important to take into account the higher order polynomials of the determinants. Empirically, we find that these two structural variables can explain a large portion of the cross-sectional variation in the data and even subsume information in other determinants documented in the literature, such as idiosyncratic volatility and liquidity. The results from the double sorting portfolios are consistent with the theoretical implications. The empirical evidence also supports the nonlinear relation between the determinants and the delta-hedged equity option returns. These findings are robust across calls, puts and different moneyness levels. JEL Classification: C14, G13, G17
Quantifying the Rebound Effects of Energy Efficiency and Energy Conserving Behaviour in Sweden

Doubts have recurrently been raised on the extent to which energy efficiency can reduce the demand for energy since efficiency improvements may “rebound” due to decreasing prices of energy services (the price effect) as well as by increasing the budget for consumption of other goods and services (the income effect). The magnitude of such effects is crucial to whether energy efficiency should be a strategy for environmental policy or not. This paper aims to derive a general expression of the rebound effects of household consumption in a parameterized form where available data can be tested. The paper analyzes how different parameter assumptions affect the quantification of rebound effects and what may be reasonable ranges. Income effects are quantified using data from the Swedish Household Budget Survey of different goods and services split on income classes. The changes in consumption with increasing income are used to establish the composition of marginal consumption. Combined with energy intensities derived from input-output analysis, this gives a model of how money saved on energy use in one sector may lead to increased energy use in other sectors. The total rebound effects of energy efficiency appear to be in the range 5-15% in most cases, but these results are fairly sensitive to assumptions of energy service price elasticities. Cases with low or negative investment costs for energy efficiency may also result in much higher rebound effects as the income effects become more important. Energy conserving behaviour (reduced energy service demand) affecting direct energy use such as heating and transport fuels gives rise to rebound effects in the order of 10-20%, depending on the price per primary energy for different fuels and energy carriers.
Outcome of living donor liver transplantation in patients of hepatic malignancy with metachronous adrenal gland metastasis: Can we achieve long term survival?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is third most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Liver transplantation (LT) is a potentially curative treatment and is the best treatment option for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Although advanced HCCs are considered as contraindication for LT due to dismal prognosis, certain patients of HCCs with solitary metastasis in adrenal gland without any other extra-hepatic disease can still be managed by local resection of the adrenal gland metastasis and sequential LT. Herein we present our experience of sequential 4 cases of HCC solitary metastasis to adrenal gland that were treated by local resection followed by LT. Materials and Methods: Database of 937 patients that underwent LT at china medical university hospital was retrospectively analyzed. Four HCC patients that had solitary adrenal metastasis were evaluated for the outcome after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Three patients were diagnosed to have HCC whereas one patient was diagnosed with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma on explant pathology. All the four patients had underlying cirrhosis with solitary adrenal metastasis without any extrahepatic spread of primary disease. The adrenal gland metastasis was confirmed by pre-LT PET scan. Results: Four patients (mean age, 53 years; M:F, 2:2) underwent LDLT for HCC with single adrenal metastasis (right adrenal gland=2 patients; and left adrenal gland=2 patients) . In three patients the adrenalectomy was performed during the recipient surgery whereas one patient underwent LDLT six months after the adrenal metastasis resection (Table 1). Follow up period ranged from 9 months to 59 months. Survival in first two patients was 52 and 59 months, respectively. The first patient developed lung metastatic and expired due to overwhelming sepsis at 52nd post-LT month. The second patient in this series continue to have recurrence free survival at 59 months post-LT. The survival in third and fourth patients was 28 months and 9 months, respectively. The fourth patient in addition had mixed HCC-cholangiocarcinoma on histopathological analysis. Conclusion: Limited extrahepatic metastasis due to HCC can still be resected and LT can be performed if liver resection not possible with a good overall survival. The adrenalectomy can be done as a single stage procedure during LT surgery without increasing the risk.
Party Policy and Group Affiliation in the European Parliament

Systematic empirical research has yet to explain how national parties join political groups in the European Parliament. This article first demonstrates, using original empirical measures from expert surveys of party positions, that EP party groups consist of national parties sharing similar policy positions. Secondly, using Bayesian/MCMC methods, the paper estimates the policy determinants of group affiliation using a (conditional) multinomial logit model to explain that ‘party group’ choice is largely driven by policy congruence. Finally, predictions from the model identify national parties not in their ‘ideally congruent’ EP groups. The findings suggest that the organization of and switching between EP groups is driven mainly by a concern to minimize policy incongruence between national and transnational levels.
Cycles and Crises in a Model of Debt-financed Investment-led Growth

The paper demonstrates possibilities of both convergence to the steady state and emergence of stable growth cycles around it in a simple macrodynamic model of debt-financed investment-led growth. The growth cycles are robust and are generated endogenously, either due to the existence of a supercritical Andronov-Hopf bifurcation, or due to the global stability condition through an application of the Poincare-Bendixson theorem. The emergence of multiple limit cycles is also observed under certain conditions. The possibility of a deterioration of financial variables during a boom, with the resulting financial crisis providing an endogenous ceiling to a business cycle is examined in this context.