Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal Radiation Effects on MHD Boundary Layer Slip Flow Past a permeable Exponential Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Joule Heating and Viscous Dissipation

An analysis of the thermal radiation effects on MHD boundary layer flow past a permeable exponential stretching surface in the presence of Joule heating and viscous dissipation is presented. Velocity and thermal slips are considered instead of no-slip conditions at the boundary. Stretching velocity and wall temperature are assumed to have specific exponential function forms. The governing system of partial differential equations is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta fourth order method along with shooting technique. The effects of the various parameters on the velocity, shear stress, temperature and temperature gradient profiles are illustrated graphically and discussed in detail. The influence of the slip parameters causes significant fluctuations in velocity of the flow field. Viscous dissipation characterized by Eckert number enhances the temperature of the fluid, as the heat gets transferred from the sheet to the fluid.
ORGINALNI NAUČNI RAD THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF VARDENAFIL ON CORONARY AUTOREGULATION IN ISOLATED RAT HEART

Fosfodiesteraza 5 katalizuje razgradnju cikličnog GMP utičući na njegovu intraćelijsku koncentraciju. Specifi čna inhibicija tog izoenzima indukuje povećanje koncentracije cikličnog GMP, dovodeći do relaksacije glatkih mišićnih ćelija i posledične vazodilatacije. U skladu sa tim, cilj naše studije je bio da uporedimo efekte različitih inhibitora PDE5 na koronarni protok i L-arginin/NO sistem izolovanog srca pacova. Srca, izolovana iz pacova Wistar albino soja (muškog pola, n=12) su perfudovana pri konstantnom pritisku, tehnikom po Langendorff -u. Koronarna autoregulacija (KA) je ispitivana promenama koronarnog perfuzionog pritiska od 40 do 120 cm H2O i odredjivanjem vrednosti koronarnog protoka (KP) pri datim pritiscima. Nakon kontrolne serije eksperimenata (Bazični protokol), srca su perfundovana Vardenafi lom u različitim dozama (10, 20, 50, 200 nM), kao i istim dozama Vardenafi la u kombinaciji sa inhibitorom NO sintaze (L-NAME, 30μ M). U kontrolnim KA se odvijala izmedju 50 i 90 cm H2O, pri bazalnim vrednostima protoka (60 cm H2O) od 6,63± 0,30 ml/min. Vardenafi l indukuje signifi kantnu vazodilataciju u dozi od 200 nM (oko 20% od ukupnih CPP vrednosti), ali ne i pri ostalim aplikovanim dozama. Dodatna administracija L-NAME-a indukuje sniženje koronarnog protoka u svim tretiranim grupama. Ipak, samo pri najmanjim i najvišim vrednostima Vardenafi la ovi efekti su bili sugnifi kantni. Naša saznanja jasno pokazuju da svi ispitivani inhibitori PDE5 ostvaruju uticaj na koronarnu autoregulaciju posredstvom L-arginin/ NO sistema.
Genotyping‐by‐sequencing and ecological niche modeling illuminate phylogeography, admixture, and Pleistocene range dynamics in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)

Abstract Populus tremuloides is the widest‐ranging tree species in North America and an ecologically important component of mesic forest ecosystems displaced by the Pleistocene glaciations. Using phylogeographic analyses of genome‐wide SNPs (34,796 SNPs, 183 individuals) and ecological niche modeling, we inferred population structure, ploidy levels, admixture, and Pleistocene range dynamics of P. tremuloides, and tested several historical biogeographical hypotheses. We found three genetic lineages located mainly in coastal–Cascades (cluster 1), east‐slope Cascades–Sierra Nevadas–Northern Rockies (cluster 2), and U.S. Rocky Mountains through southern Canadian (cluster 3) regions of the P. tremuloides range, with tree graph relationships of the form ((cluster 1, cluster 2), cluster 3). Populations consisted mainly of diploids (86%) but also small numbers of triploids (12%) and tetraploids (1%), and ploidy did not adversely affect our genetic inferences. The main vector of admixture was from cluster 3 into cluster 2, with the admixture zone trending northwest through the Rocky Mountains along a recognized phenotypic cline (Utah to Idaho). Clusters 1 and 2 provided strong support for the “stable‐edge hypothesis” that unglaciated southwestern populations persisted in situ since the last glaciation. By contrast, despite a lack of clinal genetic variation, cluster 3 exhibited “trailing‐edge” dynamics from niche suitability predictions signifying complete northward postglacial expansion. Results were also consistent with the “inland dispersal hypothesis” predicting postglacial assembly of Pacific Northwestern forest ecosystems, but rejected the hypothesis that Pacific‐coastal populations were colonized during outburst flooding from glacial Lake Missoula. Overall, congruent patterns between our phylogeographic and ecological niche modeling results and fossil pollen data demonstrate complex mixtures of stable‐edge, refugial locations, and postglacial expansion within P. tremuloides. These findings confirm and refine previous genetic studies, while strongly supporting a distinct Pacific‐coastal genetic lineage of quaking aspen.
DNA translocation mechanism of an XPD family helicase

The XPD family of helicases, that includes human disease-related FANCJ, DDX11 and RTEL1, are Superfamily two helicases that contain an iron-sulphur cluster domain, translocate on ssDNA in a 5’−3’ direction and play important roles in genome stability. Consequently, mutations in several of these family members in eukaryotes cause human diseases. Family members in bacteria, such as the DinG helicase from Escherichia coli, are also involved in DNA repair. Here we present crystal structures of complexes of DinG bound to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the presence and absence of an ATP analogue (ADP•BeF3), that suggest a mechanism for 5’−3’ translocation along the ssDNA substrate. This proposed mechanism has implications for how those enzymes of the XPD family that recognise bulky DNA lesions might stall at these as the first step in initiating DNA repair. Biochemical data reveal roles for conserved residues that are mutated in human diseases.
Natural Negative Allosteric Modulators of 5-HT3 Receptors

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remain the most common and devastating side-effects associated with cancer chemotherapy. In recent decades, several lines of research emphasize the importance of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3; serotonin) receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of CINV. 5-HT3 receptors are members of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the rapid and transient membrane-depolarizing effect of 5-HT in the central and peripheral nervous system. These receptors play important roles in nausea and vomiting, as well as regulation of peristalsis and pain transmission. The development of antagonists for 5-HT3 receptor dramatically improved the treatment of CINV in cancer patients. In fact, the most common use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists to date is the treatment of nausea and vomiting. In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency to use natural plant products as important therapeutic entities in the treatment of various diseases. In this article, we examined the results of earlier studies on the actions of natural compounds on the functional properties of 5-HT3 receptors. It is likely that these natural modulators of 5-HT3 receptors can be employed as lead structures for the synthesis of therapeutic agents for treating CINV in future clinical studies.
Estimating Chemical Errors in Large-scale Simulations of Aircraft Emissions

Calculations of a relatively comprehensive chemical reaction mechanism applied to individual parcels of aircraft emissions under upper tropospheric conditions show that over a typical residence time of air in the up. per troposphere, each aircraft-emitted NOx molecule produces about 2-3 molecules of O3 per day as long as the reactive NOy remains in the upper troposphere. In the upper tropospheric environment characterized by low ambient turbulence and appreciable vertical wind shear, aircraft plumes grow slowly during initial stages, and take several days to diffuse to a size comparable to the grid volume used by global-scale Eulerian models. By assuming aircraft emissions are immediately diluted into a larger grid cell volume, larger-scale models will overestimate the calculated O3 production by 20 to 30 %. This overestimate depends on the vertical diffusion efficiency, vertical wind shear, and NOx concentrations in the ambient environment. This overestimate can be compensated for in larger scale models by reducing the reaction coefficient of the NO + HO2 reaction by less than 3% under typical upper tropospheric conditions.
Prospects of Organic Conducting Polymer Modified Electrodes: Enzymosensors

Organic conducting polymer modified electrodes (OCPMEs) have emerged as potential candidates for electrochemical biosensors due to their easy preparation methods along with unique properties, like stability in air and being compatible with biological molecules in a neutral aqueous solution. OCPMEs are playing an important role in the improvement of public health and environment for the detection of desired analytes with high sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we highlight the prospects of OCMEs-based electrochemical enzymosensors.
Tangled Closure Algebras

The tangled closure of a collection of subsets of a topological space is the largest subset in which each member of the collection is dense. This operation models a logical `tangle modality' connective, of significance in finite model theory. Here we study an abstract equational algebraic formulation of the operation which generalises the McKinsey-Tarski theory of closure algebras. We show that any dissectable tangled closure algebra, such as the algebra of subsets of any metric space without isolated points, contains copies of every finite tangled closure algebra. We then exhibit an example of a tangled closure algebra that cannot be embedded into any complete tangled closure algebra, so it has no MacNeille completion and no spatial representation.
Atmospheric Ice Accretion Measurement Techniques

Atmospheric icing on structures has proven to be an area of concern in many cold climate geographical regions like arctic and alpine. Difficulties encountered by the communication, construction and power industries in these areas are the subject of intense investigations for researchers from decades. Three main methods of investigation are generally employed by researchers to study atmospheric ice accretion on structures: a) continuous field measurements, b) lab based simulations using icing wind tunnel & c) numerical modelling. This paper presents a brief review study of various techniques to understand and measure the atmospheric ice accretion on structures, anti/de icing techniques and important parameters for numerical modelling of atmospheric ice accretion.
Testing structural change in time-series nonparametric regression models

We propose two sets of tests for structural change in dynamic nonparametric regression models. The first test is based upon sequential kernel estimation of the regression function and thus termed a kernel test. The second test is a CUSUM test based on the cumulative sums of weighted residuals from a single nonparametric regression. We derive the limiting distributions for both tests, and show that they are free of nuisance parameters under the null and each having different local power properties. These tests complement conventional parameter instability tests in parametric models. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to investigate the finite sample properties of these tests. JEL classifications: C12, C14, C22, C5
From outcomes to actions: Fundamental mechanisms in reward seeking

How much insight do we possess about our own behavior? To what extent is it driven by the desire to achieve certain goals and to what extent is it habitual, driven by contexts and stimuli in the environment? This dissertation outlines research examining how the associations between stimuli, responses and outcomes guide and control appetitive behavior, directed towards food and drug rewards. In Chapters 2 and 3 we investigate the approach bias - a behavioral tendency to be faster at approaching rather than avoiding an appetitive picture. When considering the approach bias in this dissertation we focus on the possible motivational mechanisms that could drive such a bias - is it driven by outcome expectancies, is it a habitual response, is it Pavlovian in nature or some mix of these options? During Chapters 4 - 8 attention turns to outcome-response priming and the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task. We examine how environmental cues (e.g. advertisements) can elicit anticipation of (rewarding) outcomes that in turn trigger the associated behavioral response directed towards those outcomes. Specifically, we investigate and review whether this O-R priming mechanism is sensitive to changes in the motivational significance of outcomes - can reminders of a devalued outcome trigger instrumental responding for that outcome (akin to a habitual response) or is the response only elicited when the outcome is currently desired (i.e. goal-directed in nature)? The general discussion highlights limitations of the various paradigms and we frame our insights in the context of maladaptive decision-making (e.g. overconsumption of food and drug abuse).
Characteristics of phage abortion conferred in lactococci by the conjugal plasmid pTR2030

Summary: The effect of pTR2030 on phage DNA injection, transfection, release of progeny phage, and cell death was evaluated for a number of lactococcal phages. Infection by prolate phage c2 and small isometric phage p2 of derivatives of Lactococcus lactis LM2301 with or without pTR2030, and infection by small isometric phage o31 of derivatives of L. lactis NCK202 with or without pTR2030 was studied. Phage DNA injection was not affected by pTR2030 when examined using blender-resistant-complex assays with 32P-labelled DNA or by observation of phage labelled with the fluorescent dye 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Successful transfection of hosts bearing pTR2030 indicated that the plasmid did not retard passage of naked phage DNA across the membrane. Infective-centre assays were used to determine whether progeny were released from phage-infected pTR2030 hosts that do not support plaque formation by small isometric phages. In all cases, pTR2030 reduced the number of infected hosts which generated viable phage. When progeny were released, the phage burst size was reduced. The data confirmed that pTR2030 interferes with development of prolate and small isometric phages in a similar manner via a classical abortive infection mechanism.
US–Czech conference strengthens bilateral and multidisciplinary collaborations in nanotechnology and chemistry

There are several methods to encourage bilateral and multidisciplinary collaborations—the most oft-used and effective include technical conferences, workshops, and seminars with the optimal combination of people, agenda, and length. However, this balance is difficult to attain, especially for meetings across academic disciplines and geographic borders. For nearly two decades, the US National Academies have developed a series of bilateral meetings to bring together scientists in different countries, which appear to have addressed such challenges via concise meetings with select emerging leaders from disparate fields and sectors. The authors utilized a similar approach to promote US and Czech collaborations in nanotechnology, given their mutual investments in the area and interests in building relationships. The bilateral meeting was held in Prague and designed to focus on nanotechnology and chemistry. The goals were four-fold: (1) evaluate US and Czech capabilities and challenges in nanotechnology and chemistry, (2) identify likely research projects and funding sources for collaborations, (3) celebrate 100 years of US and Czech diplomatic relations, and (4) increase government and public support for bilateral scientific research. The two-day meeting was named the US–Czech Conference on Advanced Nanotechnology and Chemistry. A summary of the research presentations, funding opportunities, panel discussions, and potential joint projects are given herein. It is our hope that this perspective will facilitate similar bilateral meetings in other fields to promote more multidisciplinary research.
Quirks of dye nomenclature. 11. Safranine and its relatives

ABSTRACT Safranine was one of the earliest coal tar dyes following mauveine. By the end of the 19th century, many alkylated derivatives of safranine had been made. The history, identity, names, manufacture, analysis, toxicity, textile dyeing, and biological staining applications, plus some nonstaining uses of safranine, phenosafranine, methylene violet, amethyst violet, azocarmine, and Magdala red are described here.
CLASSIFICATION OF TREES EACH OF WHOSE ASSOCIATED ACYCLIC MATRICES WITH DISTINCT DIAGONAL ENTRIES HAS DISTINCT EIGENVALUES

It is known that each eigenvalue of a real symmetric, irreducible, tridiagonal matrix has multiplicity 1. The graph of such a matrix is a path. In this paper, we extend the result by classifying those trees for which each of the associated acyclic matrices has distinct eigenvalues whenever the diagonal entries are distinct.
Community-Based Tourism: A Strategy for Sustainable Tourism Development of Patong Beach, Phuket Island, Thailand

This study proposes community-based tourism as a strategy for sustainable tourism development of Patong Beach. Direct observation, questionnaire and interview are research instruments. A result of analyzing 120 questionnaires of local people which displayed a negative impact including economic impact which was very high )= 4.53(, social impact )= 4.28( and environmental impact) = 4.42( which were high so the total mean score was high )= 4.41(. The Community-Based Tourism was adapted for solution all negative impacts which were mentioned earlier. The sreategies are namely 1. Political development strategy: (1.1) Enabling the participation of local people, (1.2) Giving the power of the community over the outside and (1.3) Ensuring rights in natural resource management. 2. Environmental development strategy: (2.1) Studying the carrying capacity of the area, (2.2) Managing waste disposal and (2.3) Raising awareness of the need for conservation.3. Social development strategy: (3.1) Raising the quality of life, (3.2) Promoting community pride, (3.3) Dividing roles fairly between women/men, elder/youth and (3.4) Building community management organizations. 4. Cultural development strategy: (4.1) Encouraging respect for different cultures, (4.2) Fostering cultural exchange and (4.3) Embedding development in local culture and 5. Economic development strategy: (5.1) Raising funds for community development, (5.2) Creating jobs in tourism and (5.3) Raising the income of local people.
Simulating gamified crowdsourcing of knowledge base refinement: effects of game rule design*

ABSTRACT This paper discusses a gamification design for knowledge base refinement. We present a simulation model for game playing and examine the possibility of estimating the effects of game rule design. The maintenance of a knowledge base involves human intervention and is one of the application domains of human computation. Using the concept of crowdsourcing, refinement tasks can be delegated to many casual users over a network. In addition, gamification, such as games with a purpose (GWAP), is a useful idea to motivate workers in crowdsourcing by making tasks enjoyable. For effective gamification, designing the game rules is critical. In this paper, we present a model for simulating the gamified knowledge base refinement process to estimate the effects of different game rule designs beforehand. We use a rental apartment FAQ system as an example knowledge base and show that by invoking game playing when a problem is found in a knowledge base, it can be properly updated. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of using a calibration quiz to estimate the reliability of users.
Molecular identification of Ganoderma lucidum from Iran

Medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been used in East Asia for centuries in order to prevent and treat a variety of diseases such as hepatitis, immunological disorders and cancers. In fact, this fungus contains a vast source of polysaccharides, proteins and secondary metabolites with anti-tumor and immuno-modulatory properties. Up to now, a variety of drug metabolites extracted from G. lucidum have reached the stage of commercial production. Recently, in addition to China, Korea and Japan, this valuable fungus has been identified in different parts of the world such as Pakistan, Malaysia and Turkey. In 2007, G. lucidum has been identified in northern forests of Iran; however, molecular identification of this fungus has not been reported yet. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify this fungus collected from northern Iran by analyzing ITS-5.8S rDNA sequence. The result of this experiment confirmed that the collected specimen were G. lucidum.
Data Clustering Using Wave Atom

Clustering of huge spatial databases is an important issue which tries to track the densely regions in the feature space to be used in data mining, knowledge discovery, or efficient information retrieval. Clustering approach should be efficient and can detect clusters of arbitrary shapes because spatial objects cannot be simply abstracted as isolated points they have different boundary, size, volume, and location. In this paper we use discrete wave atom transformation technique in clustering to achieve more accurate result . By using multi-resolution transformation like wavelet and wave atom we can effectively identify arbitrary shape clusters at different degrees of accuracy. Experimental results on very large data sets show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed wave atom bases clustering approach compared to other recent clustering methods. Experimental result shows that we get more accurate result and denoised output than others.