Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repeat injuries in childhood.

BACKGROUND Injury remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world. The probability of injury occurrence is influenced by agent, host and environmental factors. Studies of repeat injuries in childhood therefore provide insight into factors in the epidemiological triad predisposing children to injury. OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of children and the factors associated with repeat presentations to the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Trauma Unit (RCWMCH TU) in Cape Town, South Africa, for all non-transport-related injuries in childhood. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the RCWMCH TU. We included children aged 0 - 10 years with first presentation from January 1997 to June 2013 and followed up until the earlier of age 13 years or June 2016. We assessed individual and population-level factors associated with repeat injury using multilevel Poisson regression analysis. Child dependency ratios were derived from the 2011 National Census. RESULTS Between 1997 and 2013, 72 490 children aged <10 years (59% male) presented to the RCWMCH TU for the first time with injuries. After the initial injury, 9 417 (13%) presented with a repeat injury by 2016 and before age 13 years. After adjusting for health subdistrict, distance from RCWMCH TU and age at first presentation, factors associated with reduced repeat presentation were injury identified as due to abuse (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4 - 0.7), fluid burn (aIRR 0.6; 95% CI 0.6 - 0.7), foreign body ingestion (aIRR 0.7; 95% CI 0.7 - 0.9), and moderate and severe (v. minor) initial injury (aIRR 0.9; 95% CI 0.8 - 0.9 and aIRR 0.7; 95% CI 0.6 - 0.8, respectively), while boys were more likely to have repeat injury presentations (aIRR 1.4; 95% CI 1.4 - 1.5). CONCLUSIONS Repeat presentations were substantial and associated with male gender. They occurred less commonly after fluid burn injuries, foreign body ingestion and moderate to severe injuries. Children with intentional injuries were also less likely to have a repeat presentation. Further research is indicated for childhood injuries with greater propensity to repeat, including non-height falls and sport-related injuries. Secondary injury prevention education should not neglect patients with unintentional and minor injuries. These results strengthen the hypothesis that injuries arise as a result of sustained exposure to agent, host and environmental risk factors.
An intergroup approach to collective narcissism: Intergroup threats and hostility in four European Union countries

Although it is known that collective narcissism is associated with problematic intergroup relations, its predictors are less well understood. Two studies, conducted in four European Union countries (Germany, Greece, Portugal, the United Kingdom [UK]), tested the hypotheses that integrated (i.e., realistic and symbolic) threat (Study 1, N = 936) as well as distinctiveness threat (Study 2, N = 434) positively predict national collective narcissism and national ingroup satisfaction, but that only national collective narcissism predicts problematic intergroup relations in reference to threatening outgroups. The results were consistent with those hypotheses. The two types of threat predicted increased national collective narcissism and national ingroup satisfaction. However, only national collective narcissism was associated with negative emotions and hostile behavioral intentions toward the threatening outgroups, when its overlap with national ingroup satisfaction was partialled out. These cross-national findings advanced knowledge of predictors, as well as consequences, of collective narcissism.
Anomalous isotope dependence of hydrogen diffusion rates on tungsten (110) surfaces: Implications for lattice–hydrogen interactions

A theoretical analysis is provided of the anomalous isotope effects observed for the diffusion of hydrogen on the W(110) surface in the limit of zero coverage. Low temperature tunneling diffusion shows an isotope effect several orders of magnitude smaller than predicted by simple rigid lattice models, while the higher temperature activated diffusion displays an inverse isotope effect several orders of magnitude larger than the rigid lattice predictions. It is shown here that both effects can be explained consistently by a single model of hydrogen–tungsten interactions in which there is a large separation in time scales between the hydrogen and tungsten motions. Tunneling is described with a small polaron model. Large phonon overlap factors are found to diminish the role of the tunneling matrix element and thereby to decrease the isotope effect. Activated diffusion is described as a many‐phonon process in which the vibron is thermally excited as a result of phonon–vibron coupling. The same coupling paramet.
Cooperative breeding behaviors in the Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni)

Abstract Cooperative breeding, which is commonly characterized by nonbreeding individuals that assist others with reproduction, is common in avian species. However, few accounts have been reported in Charadriiformes, particularly island‐nesting species. We present incidental observations of cooperative breeding behaviors in the Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni), an endangered subspecies of the Black‐necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus), during the 2012–2020 nesting seasons on the Hawaiian islands of O‘ahu and Moloka‘i. We describe two different behaviors that are indicative of cooperative breeding: (a) egg incubation by multiple adults; (b) helpers‐at‐the‐nest, whereby juveniles delay dispersal and reproduction to assist parents and siblings with reproduction. These observations are the first published accounts of cooperative breeding in this subspecies and merit further investigation, as cooperative breeding may improve population viability of the endangered, endemic Hawaiian Stilt.
Development and Application of Exceedance Model
for Surface Water Quality Parameters

Surface water quality is continuously changing due to anthropogenic activities and natural causes. The drinking water treatment technology can be expensive and ineffective if implemented without identifying the patterns of parameter exceedances. The objectives of this paper were to: (i) develop a mean exceedance model; (ii) apply the model for identification of the exceeded parameters; (iii) obtain the exceedance patterns of parameters; and (iv) obtain decision making on the treatment of parameters. The mean exceedance model was developed by utilizing cluster database of 12 major Canadian rivers. The clusters were developed on the basis of normalization model, principal component analysis, total exceedance model and Canadian Water Quality Index. On application of mean exceedance model, the parameters were identified, which exceeded the water quality guidelines. The output of mean exceedance model was utilized for making decision on treatment of parameters. The normalized water quality data of 17 parameters was used to develop a mean exceedance model to obtain exceedance level for water quality parameters. The mean exceedance for the parameters increased as the cluster number increased from low to high for all the rivers. Overall, the mean exceedance was higher for fecal coliforms, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, true colour, dissolved oxygen, iron and manganese. The exceedance in fecal coliforms, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, true colour, dissolved oxygen could be related to anthropogenic activities of landuse/landcover (LULC). The exceedance in iron and manganese could be associated to natural mineralization. The mean exceedance model was found useful for obtaining the specific parameters with their exceedance levels. The parameter exceedance patterns *e-mail: drtahir@cuiatd.edu. pk DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/124116 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: Akbar T.A. , et al. 2 A ut ho r C op y • A ut ho r C op y • A ut ho r C op y • A ut ho r C op y • A ut ho r C op y • A ut ho r C op y • A ut ho r C op y • A ut ho r C op y • A ut ho r C op y
Biosorption of Co2+ Ions from Aqueous Solution by K2HPO4-Pretreated Duckweed Lemna gibba

The wastewater of the many industries that use divalent cobalt (Co2+)-containing compounds has elevated levels of this metal. Thus, novel technology is needed to efficiently remove Co2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Biosorption is a low-cost technique capable of removing heavy metals from contaminated water. This study aims to evaluate the performance of KH2PO4-pretreated Lemna gibba (PLEM) as a biosorbent of Co2+ in aqueous solutions tested under different conditions of pH, particle size, and initial Co2+ concentration. Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies were conducted. The capacity of biosorption increased with a greater initial Co2+ concentration and was optimal at pH 7.0 and with small-sized biosorbent particles (0.3–0.8 mm). The pseudo-second-order sorption model best describes the experimental data on Co2+ biosorption kinetics. The Sips and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models best predict the biosorption capacity at equilibrium. According to the thermodynamic study, biosorption of Co2+ was endothermic and spontaneous. The effect of pH on the biosorption/desorption of Co2+ suggests that electrostatic attraction is the main biosorption mechanism. SEM-EDX verified the presence of Co2+ on the surface of the pretreated-saturated biosorbent and the absence of the metal after desorption.
Procedural justice enactment as an instrument of position protection: The three‐way interaction between leaders' power position stability, followers' warmth, and followers' competence

Studies have started to examine factors that explain when and why leaders enact procedural justice. However, these studies have not considered the idea that justice enactment can be a self-serving instrument for leaders. In this paper, we propose a threat-based tripartite model of procedural justice enactment. Specifically, we examine how leaders in unstable (vs. stable) power positions combine information from the two fundamental dimensions of person perception—that is, their perceptions of a follower’s competence and warmth—to shape the level of procedural justice they enact toward the follower. In support of our model, the results of a multisource organizational field study and a laboratory experiment show that leaders in unstable power positions enact procedural justice, particularly toward followers whom they perceive as highly competent but low in warmth. We discuss our findings in light of their implications for the justice and leadership literatures.
La régulation du comportement et des émotions pendant l’adolescence

Les recherches en neurosciences cognitives des deux dernières décennies ont démontré qu’au-delà de la petite enfance, le cerveau continue de changer de manière significative pendant l’adolescence. La maturation des circuits neuronaux sous-tendant les émotions, la motivation et le renforcement, la cognition sociale et les fonctions exécutives sont plus ou moins sensibles aux changements hormonaux associés à la puberté et progressent différemment pendant l’adolescence. Les adolescents ressentent les émotions de manière plus forte et sont plus sensibles au contexte social que les adultes. Par conséquent, ils peuvent rencontrer des difficultés de régulation de leurs émotions et actions dans certains contextes. Ces difficultés peuvent devenir chroniques et mener à des troubles de la santé mentale, comme la dépression, l’anxiété et l’addiction. Mais l’adolescence peut aussi être considérée positivement comme une période d’exploration et de flexibilité cognitive, pendant laquelle les individus deviennent indépendants et construisent leur concept de soi. L’éducation peut jouer un rôle dans le développement des adolescents à travers des programmes ayant pour but de renforcer leur capacité de réguler leurs émotions et leur comportement.
Analysis of a Two-Step, Noncatalytic, Supercritical Biodiesel Production Process with Heat Recovery

A two-step, noncatalytic process for the production of biodiesel is analyzed. The reaction of transesterification of triglycerides with methanol is carried out in supercritical conditions by adopting reaction temperatures of 250−300 °C, higher than the critical temperature of methanol (240 °C). Under these conditions, free fatty acids are converted into fatty acid methyl esters with similar or higher rates than the corresponding triglycerides, and therefore, the process can use high acidity, cheap feedstocks, like yellow grease or beef tallow. The reacting system is also tolerant to water, so it is much more robust than the acid or alkali catalyzed systems which need the removal of water or free fatty acids to prevent catalyst deactivation. In order to minimize the heat consumption and pumping power which are very high in the traditional one-step supercritical method, two reactors with intermediate glycerol removal are used and a heat recovery scheme composed of heat exchangers and adiabatic flash drums i.
Determining the adsorption and desorption properties of flavonoids found in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves using macroporous resin and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor screening

The adsorption and desorption properties of 12 resins containing flavonoid compounds found in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves (EUOL) extracts were investigated. The static adsorption and desorption, kinetic, adsorption, and thermodynamic properties of the adsorption of the flavonoids onto macroporous resins were determined. The HPD-300, NKA-9, and AB-8 resins exhibited a greater adsorption capacity and desorption characteristics. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model was suitable to characterize the kinetics of the adsorption of flavonoids onto the resins selected, and the diffusion of flavonoids was divided into three stages, with the boundary layer diffusion and intra-particle diffusion being the rate-controlling factors. The Langmuir model was found to be the best description of the adsorption behavior of flavonoids. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of flavonoids was a physical, exothermic, and spontaneous process. The 60% ethanol eluted fraction from the NKA-9 resin column not only had the highest flavonoid content, but also possessed the strongest inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. In addition, the degree of binding of the main flavonoid compounds found in the EUOL to acetylcholinesterase compounds was investigated via molecular docking technology. The results showed that the docking total score of isoquercetin and enzyme proteins were the highest, followed by kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside.
Morphology and Size Distribution of Naturally Occurring Asbestos using TEM in Landscape Rock in Parks

BackgroundAsbestos is a silicate mineral that is naturally generated by geological processes in the Earth's crust. The six types of commercially used asbestos each display the asbestiform crystal habit that is characterized by fibrous aggregates of extremely long, thin crystals. This study provided data that can be used to discriminate asbestiform and non-asbestiform amphiboles contained in landscaping rocks in parks. MethodIn five of the 21 parks, two or more landscaping rocks were found to contain asbestos. These five were selected for additional study. The length and width of fibers being at least 5 ㎛ long and with a minimum aspect ratio of 3:1 were measured using a Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) and compared to a standard asbestos sample.ResultsThe park samples were thicker than 1 ㎛(average 1.9 ㎛) while the Health and Safety Executive(HSE) reference sample averaged 0.3 ㎛ in width with 100 % thinner than 1.0 ㎛. The average aspect ratios were 7.1 for the park samples and 67.1 for the HSE reference sample. The actinolite contained in the landscape rocks of the five selected parks did not show the typical asbestiform structure that was observed in the standard asbestos sample.ConclusionsBased on these distributions, the amphibole fibers in sampled landscape rocks were found to be thicker and lower aspect ratio than those of the standard sample. The result of this study can contribute to the public policy for managing and controlling of landscaping rocks containing naturally occurring asbestos(NOA) and also to communicate about the possible health risk resulting from NOA contained in landscaping rocks.
A Smartphone Controlled Fertilizing and Plant Watering Garduino

We know that plants require water for their survival, but all of them don't need the same amount of water. Too much or too little water both can be harmful to the plants. In the same way, fertilizing the plants are also important as most of the soils are infertile these days. The objective of this paper is to develop a robot that can tell us how much water a plant requires and water it accordingly as well as fertilize it. This robot is being controlled by a Bluetooth module, and it carries a water and fertilizer tank, a soil sensor, and a digital display. Initially, the soil is fertilized, then the soil sensor is implanted into the soil, and the moisture percentage is displayed in the digital display, accordingly, the plants are watered until the moisture content reaches 100%. This system helps in watering and fertilizing the plants properly so that the plants can thrive.
Callus Production Protocol for Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.: As a Tool for Extraction of Secondary Metabolites

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. is an important medicinal and a fruit tree belongs to the family Rutaceae possessing numerous valuable secondary metabolites. The growing commercial importance for secondary metabolites has led to a great demand in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. Therefore, an efficient callus production protocol was developed as a tool for extracting valuable secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos.Methods: For seeds, callus induction was observed under three conditions as with seed coat, after removing seed coat and split into two halves after removing seed coat. For callus multiplication, 1cm2 pieces of initiated calli were used. These explants were established in MS medium supplemented with combinations of 2, 4 D either with BAP or Kinetin. All experiments were arranged according to the completely randomized design (CRD) with 20 replicates at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, for a period of 1 year. Percentage of fungal and bacterial contaminations and percentage of bleached explants were observed to select the best explant/s. Percentage of responded explants were observed to select the best condition for callus induction and quality of callus. Growth of callus was observed visually by giving a score. Best hormonal combination for callus multiplication was observed as fresh weight and dry weight of callus produced under each treatment.Result: High quality callus with higher growth was observed in all combinations of BAP and 2, 4 D tested: ranging from 0.5 mgL-1 to 1.5 mgL-1 BAP and 1.0 mgL-1 to 2.0 mgL-1 2,4 D in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Initiated calli were further multiplied in MS medium supplemented with 2,4 D combined with either BAP or Kinetin. Highest amount of callus biomass was recorded in the MS medium with 0.5 mgL-1 2, 4 D and 1.0 mgL-1 Kinetin (132.58 gL-1 fresh weight). The optimized protocol could be used to produce higher amount of callus in order to extract secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos (L).
Sentiment Analysis on UAV-aided Product Comments Based on Machine Learning: From Sentence to Document Level

This paper presents a novel approach to analyze the sentiment of the product comments from sentence to document level and apply to the customers sentiment analysis on UAV-aided product comments for hotel management. In order to realize the effiffifficient sentiment analysis, a cascaded sentence-to-document sentiment classifification method is investigated. Initially, a supervised machine learning method is applied to explore the sentiment polarity of the sentence (SPS). Afterward, the contribution of the sentence to document (CSD) is calculated by using various statistical algorithms. Lastly, the sentiment polarity of the document (SPD) is determined by the SPS as well as its contribution. Comparative experiments have been established on the basis of hotel online comments, and the outcomes indicate that the proposed method not only raises the effiffifficiency in attaining a more accurate result but also assists immensely in regards to the B5G wireless communication supported by the UAV. The fifindings provide a new perspective that sentence position and its sentiment similarity with document (sentiment condition) dramatically disclose the relationship between sentence and document.
A new catalogue of toroidal-mode overtone splitting function measurements

Spectra of whole Earth oscillations or normal modes provide important constraints on Earth’s large-scale structure. The most convenient way to include normal mode constraints in global tomographic models is by using splitting functions or structure coefficients, which describe how the frequency of a specific mode varies regionally. Splitting functions constrain 3-D variations in velocity, density structure and boundary topography. They may also constrain anisotropy, especially when combining information from spheroidal modes, which are mainly sensitive to P–SV structure, with toroidal modes, mainly sensitive to SH structure. Spheroidal modes have been measured extensively, but toroidal modes have proven to be much more difficult and as a result only a limited number of toroidal modes have been measured so far. Here, we expand previous splitting function studies, by focusing specifically on toroidal-mode overtone observations. We present splitting function measurements for 19 self-coupled toroidal modes of which 13 modes have not been measured before. They are derived from radial and transverse horizontal component normal mode spectra up to 5 mHz for 91 events with MW ≥ 7.4 from the years 1983–2018. Our data include the Tohoku event of 2011 (9.1MW), the Okhotsk event of 2013 (8.3MW) and the Fiji Island event from 2018 (8.2MW). Our measurements provide new constraints on upper- and lower-mantle shear wave velocity structure and in combination with existing spheroidal mode measurements can be used in future inversions for anisotropic mantle structure. Our new splitting function coefficient data set will be available online.
Mesocrystal aggregation of biological apatite nanocrystals

A broader revelation of the mechanisms which contribute to the formation, growth, healing and remodelling of bone tissue is essential for advancing the design and development of biomaterials and devices which directly enhance bone health. Hydroxyapatite and associated calcium phosphate- based minerals play an essential role in bone tissue formation. Further insights into how biomineral crystals form, grow and integrate within bone tissue will provide key information to direct efforts in more comprehensive bone tissue engineering products and therapies. While previous studies proposed the aggregation of amorphous calcium phosphate clusters as a precursor to biological hydroxyapatite, the exact formation mechanism of the plate- like biological hydroxyapatite is still unclear. Here we report the analysis of high- resolution electron microscopy images of bone biomineral precipitated in a biological environment. We propose that 3 nm primary biologically synthesized (biosynthesized) hydroxyapatite (BHAp) single crystal units assemble and coalesce via an oriented aggregation mechanism to form larger (approximately 46 nm × 25 nm) plate- like biological hydroxyapatite mesocrystals. A better understanding of the biomineralization process can provide insights to improve the in vitro precipitation of bone biominerals with tailored properties and unique functionality. This will help to usher in the next generation of biobased biomaterials and devices to enhance the healing and remodelling of bone at the tissue, cell and subcellular level.