Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-frequency seismic properties of olivine-orthopyroxene mixtures

Although the seismic properties of polycrystalline olivine have been the subject of systematic and comprehensive study at seismic frequencies, the role of orthopyroxene as the major secondary phase in the shallow parts of the Earth’s upper mantle has so far received little attention. Accordingly, we have newly prepared synthetic melt-free polycrystalline specimens containing different proportions of olivine (Ol, Fo 90 ) and orthopyroxene (Opx, En 90 ) by the solution-gelation method. The resulting specimens, ranging in composition between Ol 95 Opx 5 and Ol 5 Opx 95 composition, were mechanically tested by torsional forced oscillation at temperatures of 1200 oC to 400 oC accessed during staged cooling under a confining pressure of 200 MPa. The microstructures of tested specimens were evaluated by BSE, EBSD and TEM. The forced-oscillation data, i.e. shear modulus and associated strain-energy dissipation at 1-1000 s period, were closely fitted by a model based on an extended Burgers-type creep function. This model was also required to fit data from previous ultrasonic and Brillouin spectroscopic measurements at ns-μs periods. Within the observational window (1-1000 s), the shear modulus and dissipation vary monotonically with period and temperature for each of the tested specimens, which is broadly comparable with that previously reported for olivine-only samples. There is no evidence of the superimposed dissipation peak reported by Sundberg and Cooper (2010) for an Ol 60 Opx 40 specimen prepared from natural precursor materials and containing a melt fraction of 1.5%. The higher orthopyroxene concentrations are associated with systematically somewhat lower levels of dissipation and corresponding weaker modulus dispersion. The new findings suggest that the olivine-based model for high-temperature viscoelasticity in upper-mantle olivine requires only modest modification to accommodate the role of orthopyroxene, including appropriate compositional dependence of the unrelaxed modulus and its temperature derivative.
Performance and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Weaner Rabbits Fed Diets Supplemented with Dried Water Melon Peel (Rind) Meal

A study was carried out to investigate the performance, hematological and serum biochemistry of weaner rabbits given feed formulated with dried water melon peel meal (WMR). Thirty rabbits of mixed breed aged 7-8 weeks with initial weight of 602-616g were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates per treatment. The animals were fed varied levels of WMR at 0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0% and 8.0% to obtain five diets. The control diet was prepared to meet the nutritional standards of growing rabbits and it lasted for 12 weeks. Results revealed that there was no significant (p>0.05) differences in the values obtained for the growth performance among the treatments. Hematological and all the blood serum biochemical traits measured were not a significantly different by the dietary inclusion of WMR. It was concluded that dried water melon peels (WMR) can be included up to 8.0% in the diets of weaner rabbits without deleterious effect on the performance, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of rabbits. Corpuscular Corpuscular Corpuscular Oxaloacetate
TÜRKİYE’DE DÖVİZ KURU VE DIŞ BORÇ İLİŞKİSİ

Ulkeler icin dis borc, ulkenin doviz kurunu etkileme egilimi olan doviz talebini icermektedir. Bu noktada Uluslararasi sermaye hareketlerine yonelik parasalci yaklasim, para talebindeki degismenin doviz kurunu etkileme kanalina aciklik getirmektedir. Ayrica, doviz kuru da dolayli olarak dis borcu etkilemektedir. Literature onemli katki saglayacak, 1970-2018 donemine yonelik bu calismada spesifik ve farkli yontemlerden VAR ve Granger nedensellik analizleri kullanilmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucunda, dis borc ve doviz kuru arasinda istikrarli bir iliski oldugu tespit edilmistir.
S1 Appendix: Amplifying the redistribution of somato-dendritic inhibition by the interplay of three interneuron types

In order to characterize the computational repertoire of the SOM-VIP motif, we performed an extensive mathematical analysis of a simplified model that comprises only SOM and VIP cell populations. Moreover, we neglected the rectifying nonlinearity that ensures that firing rates remain positive. We will start with networks that take into account either recurrent connections among both SOM and VIP neurons or adaptation, but ignore short-term plasticity. In these cases, the circuits are described by linear dynamical systems and therefore allow detailed bifurcation analyses. The derivations provide analytical conditions for the parameter boundaries between different computational states of the SOM-VIP motif. We then continue to derive approximations for these boundaries for the nonlinear case that includes short-term plasticity.
Growth and Properties of Single-Crystalline ?-Fe2O3 Nanowires

By carefully controlling the reacting conditions, including atmosphere, temperature, and time, we directly acquire the nanowires of γ-Fe2O3 from the nanowires of α-Fe2O3 in a reduced atmosphere. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, and transmission electronic microscope analyses demonstrate that the nanowires are single-crystalline γ-Fe2O3. The nanowires have a diameter ranging from 50 to 90 nm and their typical lengths are in the range of 10∼20 μm. The optical property of the nanowires is observed by photoluminescence spectrum. The magnetic behavior of it is investigated by a magnetic property measurement system. The blocking temperature is found to be about 200 K. In addition, the mechanism of the transformation from α-Fe2O3 nanowires to γ-Fe2O3 nanowires is preliminarily studied by ab initio approach. It is found that the role of H2 is to change the Fe−O bonds in α-Fe2O3 nanowires, and then α-Fe2O3 is transformed into γ-Fe2O3.
Genotype X environment interactions in pigs.

The practical im plication for animal breeding of the occurrence of genotype x environment interactions is tha t one selection environment may be superior to another when selecting for perform ance in a given production environment. The objective of this paper is to assess the contribution of published experiments to the identification of the m ost appropriate nutritional environm ent(s) in which to select for efficient pig m eat production, and discuss the direction which future research should take. A num ber of m ethods for classifying interactions have been proposed (revie­ wed by P a n i and L a s l e y , 1972). However, in term s of the design of selection program m es and practical anim al breeding, it is only the distinction between changes in phenotypic variance and changes in rank order between environments which is im portant. These types of interaction may be found together or separately in test situations. The significance of the form er type will depend on the potential difference in selection response associated w ith the difference in inter-environ­ m ental phenotypic variance; the existence of the la tte r type indicates that differ­ ent genotypes are required for superior performance in the different environ­ ments. I t seems unlikely tha t the problem of determining the m ost suitable selection environm ent(s) for pig im provem ent will be solved by application of the genetic theory of genotype x environm ent interactions propounded by Falconer (1952) and fu rther developed b y D ickerson (1962). Estim ation of the param eters with the
Volunteer Tourism as A Factor of Sustainable Development

The article studies the problem of the volunteer tourism development as an important part of the concept of sustainable tourism. Approaches to the assessment of volunteer tourism and sustainable tourism development proposed by various international organizations (UNWTO, the Worldwide Council for Sustainable Tourism, the European Environment Agency, the European Commission) and scientists. The author substantiates the importance of forming the system of the sustainable development of tourism indicators, enriched with the concept of volunteer tourism and the need for continuous monitoring at different levels. It is concluded that volunteer tourism, directly manifested in the context of the development of each country, is considered by a number of international organizations, foreign and domestic researchers as a factor of sustainable tourism development. In the article, the hypothesis of a direct positive relationship between sustainable tourism development and volunteer tourism (volunteer tourists) is verified on the basis of a questionnaire survey of volunteer tourists. The proposed approaches to the assessment of the sustainable tourism development enriched with the concept of volunteer tourism cannot be considered universal, since each country needs its own system.
Reactivity of Transition-Metal Compounds from Electronic Structure

Transition-metal carbides (TMC's), nitrides, and sulfides belong to the class of materials known as transition-metal compounds (TMX's). Besides having intriguing properties, these materials are relevant for, e.g., growth and catalysis. A fundamental understanding of the reactivity of TMX surfaces is far less established than that of pure transition metal (TM) surfaces. The results of this thesis shed new light on the reactivity of TMX's. Extensive density-functional theory calculations are performed, combining substrates from the set {ScC, TiC, VC, ZrC, NbC, MoC, TaC, WC, TiN} with adsorbates from the set {H, B, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, NH, NH 2 , NH 3 }. This allows a mapping of adsorption properties, whose characteristic trends are rationalised in terms of a concerted-coupling model (CCM). In the CCM, the adsorbate frontier orbitals interact with two types of surface resonances (SR's), a TM-localised SR (TMSR) and several C-localised SR's (CSR's). The foundation of the CCM is enabled by a systematic analysis of the electronic structure, including various types of density of states, in combination with examinations of the Kohn-Sham orbitals. The developed framework makes it possible to identify a single measurable descriptor, the mean energy of the TMSR, for atomic and molecular adsorption, dissociation, and catalytic activity on TMC surfaces. The generality of this descriptor is demonstrated by applications to TM surfaces, and to ligand and defect effects. The existence of a single descriptor implies that the Bronsted-Evans-Polanyi relation and scaling relations, valuable for screening of new catalysts, apply. One-dimensional metallic surface states localised at the edges of MoS 2 nanoparticles are also studied. Based on electronic structure analyses, the existence, origin, and consequences of the experimentally observed magnetism of the nanoparticles under different environmental conditions are discussed. A correlation between the edge electronic structure and the magnetism is established. A screening study of the steam reforming reaction on TMC surfaces is performed using the CCM as a tool. The results show that TMC's provide a wide spectrum of reactivities, from too reactive, via suitable, catalysts to too inert, just as TM's. Also, the importance of chemical bonds for the stability and thus the relevance of adsorption models for understanding the crucial first steps in nucleation and growth of, e.g., TiX/Al 2 O 3 multilayer coatings are shown. Taken together, the findings of this thesis show that the versatility of TMX systems and the understanding of the underlying adsorption mechanisms point towards the possibility of tuning the reactivity of TMX's.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 responds to phosphate starvation by modifying LPS involved in biofilm formation

In open environments such as water, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 responds to inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation by inducing the Pho regulon controlled by PhoB. The phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system is the high-affinity Pi transporter. In the Δpst mutant, PhoB is constitutively activated and regulates the expression of genes from the Pho regulon. In E. coli O157:H7, the Δpst mutant, biofilm, and autoagglutination were increased. In the double-deletion mutant Δpst ΔphoB, biofilm and autoagglutination were similar to the wild-type strain, suggesting that PhoB is involved. We investigated the relationship between PhoB activation and enhanced biofilm formation by screening a transposon mutant library derived from Δpst mutant for decreased autoagglutination and biofilms mutants. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genes involved in the synthesis of the LPS core were identified. Transcriptomic studies indicate the influence of Pi-starvation and pst mutation on LPS biosynthetic gene expression. LPS analysis indicated that the O-antigen was deficient in the Δpst mutant. Interestingly, waaH, encoding a glycosyltransferase associated with LPS modifications in E. coli K-12, was highly expressed in the Δpst mutant of E. coli O157:H7. Deletion of waaH from the Δpst mutant and from the wild-type strain grown in Pi-starvation conditions decreased the biofilm formation but without affecting LPS. Our findings suggest that LPS core is involved in the autoagglutination and biofilm phenotypes of the Δpst mutant and that WaaH plays a role in biofilm in response to Pi-starvation. This study highlights the importance of Pi-starvation in biofilm formation of E. coli O157:H7, which may affect its transmission and persistence. IMPORTANCE Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a human pathogen responsible for bloody diarrhea and renal failures. In the environment, O157:H7 can survive for prolonged periods of time under nutrient-deprived conditions. Biofilms are thought to participate in this environmental lifestyle. Previous reports have shown that the availability of extracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) affected bacterial biofilm formation; however, nothing was known about O157:H7 biofilm formation. Our results show that O157:H7 membrane undergoes modifications upon PhoB activation leading to increased biofilm formation. A mutation in the Pst system results in reduced amount of the smooth type LPS and that this could influence the biofilm composition. This demonstrates how the E. coli O157:H7 adapts to Pi starvation increasing its ability to occupy different ecological niches.
ESTADOS POTENCIALES EN MÉXICO PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO DE FRIJOL BIOFORTIFICADO CON HIERRO Y ZINC

Worldwide, one in three people suffers from at least one form of malnutrition such as under-nutrition, overweight or obesity. In Mexico, despite public health interventions to increase the intake of micronutrients such as zinc, chronic malnutrition still represents 13.6 %, while 23.3 % suffer from anemia, caused mainly by iron deficiency. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the second most produced and consumed crop after maize (Zea mays L.), with an average annual per capita intake of 10 kg. Biofortification could contribute to reduce malnutrition in rural and marginal areas by increasing the intake of micronutrients without modifying consumption patterns. The objective of this study was to prioritize the states of the country for intervention with beans biofortified with iron and zinc, according to their greatest potential impact, through the Prioritization Index for Biofortification and biofortification conditions, based on production, consumption and micronutrient deficiency. Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Veracruz, Campeche and Tabasco should be prioritized for intervention with biofortified black beans, while Baja California Sur and Sonora for biofortified pint
Functional and neural mechanisms of human fear conditioning:studies in healthy and brain-damaged individuals

Fear conditioning represents the learning process by which a stimulus, after repeated pairing with an aversive event, comes to evoke fear and becomes intrinsically aversive. This learning is essential to organisms throughout the animal kingdom and represents one the most successful laboratory paradigm to reveal the psychological processes that govern the expression of emotional memory and explore its neurobiological underpinnings. Although a large amount of research has been conducted on the behavioural or neural correlates of fear conditioning, some key questions remain unanswered. Accordingly, this thesis aims to respond to some unsolved theoretic and methodological issues, thus furthering our understanding of the neurofunctional basis of human fear conditioning both in healthy and brain-damaged individuals. Specifically, in this thesis, behavioural, psychophysiological, lesion and non-invasive brain stimulation studies were reported. Study 1 examined the influence of normal aging on context-dependent recall of extinction of fear conditioned stimulus. Study 2 aimed to determine the causal role of the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) in the acquisition of fear conditioning by systematically test the effect of bilateral vmPFC brain-lesion. Study 3 aimed to interfere with the reconsolidation process of fear memory by the means of non-invasive brain stimulation (i.e. TMS) disrupting PFC neural activity. Finally, Study 4 aimed to investigate whether the parasympathetic – vagal – modulation of heart rate might reflect the anticipation of fearful, as compared to neutral, events during classical fear conditioning paradigm. Evidence reported in this PhD thesis might therefore provide key insights and deeper understanding of critical issues concerning the neurofunctional mechanisms underlying the acquisition, the extinction and the reconsolidation of fear memories in humans.
Synchronous association of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the jejunum and sigmoidal adenocarcinoma: A case report

Sindirim kanalinin epitelyal tumoru ile gastrointestinal stromal tumorun (GIST) birlikteligi cok nadirdir ve sindirim karsinomunun cerrahi tedavisi sirasinda siklikla tesadufen kesfedilmistir. Mezensimden gelisen bu tumorlerin, dusuk malignite potansiyelleri goz onune alindiginda iyi bir prognoza sahip olduklari bilinmektedir. Bir genetik mutasyonun veya farkli histotiplerin tumorlerini indukleyebilen onkojenik bir maddenin olasiligi daha az akla yatkin gorunmektedir, ancak yadsinamaz. Biz histolojisi bir GIST tanisi dogrulayan ince bagirsak tumorunun tesadufen kesfiyle, sigmoid adenokarsinom icin ameliyat edilen 74 yasinda bir hastayi sunuyoruz.
Maize Resistance to Stem Borers Can Be Modulated by Systemic Maize Responses to Long-Term Stem Tunneling

Limited attention has been paid to maize (Zea mays L.) resistance induced by corn borer damage, although evidence shows that induced defenses have lower resource allocation costs than constitutive defenses. Maize responses to short- and long-term feeding by the Mediterranean corn borer (MCB, Sesamia nionagrioides) have been previously studied, but the suggested differences between responses could be due to experimental differences. Therefore, in the current study, a direct comparison between short- and long-term responses has been made. The objectives were (i) to determine changes in the level of antibiosis of the stems induced by feeding of S. nonagrioides larvae for 2days (short-term feeding) and 9days (long-term feeding), (ii) to characterize the metabolome of the stems’ short- and long-term responses to borer feeding, and (iii) to look for metabolic pathways that could modulate plant resistance to MCB. Defenses were progressively induced in the resistant inbred, and constitutive defenses were broken down in the susceptible inbred. Results suggest that the different resistance levels of the two inbreds to stem tunneling by MCB could depend on their ability to establish a systemic response. Based on these results, a high throughput look for specific metabolites implicated in systemic induced resistance to maize stem borers is recommended; the current focus on constitutive defense metabolites has not been successful in finding molecules that would be valuable tools for pest control.
Scale dependent patterns in interaction diversity maintain resiliency in a frequently disturbed ecosystem

Frequently disturbed ecosystems are characterized by resilience to ecological disturbances. For example, longleaf pine ecosystems are exposed to frequent fire disturbance, and this feature sustains biodiversity. We examined how fire frequency maintains beta diversity of multi-trophic interactions, as this community parameter provides a measure of functional redundancy of an ecosystem. We found that turnover in interaction diversity at small local scales is highest in the most frequently burned stands, conferring immediate resiliency to disturbance by fire. Interactions become more specialized and less resilient as fire frequency decreases. Local scale patterns of interaction diversity contribute to broader scale patterns and confer long-term ecosystem resiliency. Such natural disturbances are likely to be important for maintaining regional diversity of interactions for a broad range of ecosystems.
The Effect of Inducers and Inhibitors of Monooxygenase on the Activity Nitrergic System in the Microsomes in the Ischemic Liver

Experiments were carried out on 62 white male rats and average weighing was 180-220 g. We found that inducers and inhibitors of monooxygenase showed opposite effects on the activity of NOS in the ischemic liver microsomes. Benzonal and cimetidine, after 1 night of their introduction, had no significant effect on all studied parameters. After 3 and 10 daily using drug metabolism inducer that benzonal makes a slow speed nitrate reductase system, stimulates nitroxylenes system (eNOS), and cimetidine, on the contrary – even more nitrate reductase activates the speed system, inhibits eNOS nitroxylenes. Now, in connection with the growth of liver disease and aggressive exposure to xenobiotic with induction and inhibitory action, this problem acquires a special urgency and, surely, requires further study. Original Research Article Sayfullaeva and Karimov; JAMMR, 28(9): 1-6, 2018; Article no.JAMMR. 41216 2
Whole-Cortex Mapping of Common Genetic Influences on Depression and Social Deficits

Background Social processes are associated with depression, particularly understanding and responding to others, deficits in which can manifest as callousness/unemotionality (CU). Thus, CU may reflect some of the genetic risk to depression. Further, this vulnerability likely reflects the neurological substrates of depression, presenting biomarkers to capture genetic vulnerability of depression severity. However, heritability varies within brain regions, so a high-resolution genetic perspective is needed. Method In a sample of 258 same-sex twin pairs from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study (LTS), we developed a toolbox that maps genetic and environmental associations between brain and behavior at high resolution. We used this toolbox to estimate brain areas that are genetically associated with both depressive symptoms and CU. We then overlapped the two maps to generate coordinates that allow for tests of downstream effects of genes influencing our clusters. Results Genetic variance influencing cortical thickness in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) sulci and gyri, ventral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), pre-somatic motor cortex (PreSMA), medial precuneus, left occipital-temporal junction (OTJ), parietal-temporal junction (PTJ), ventral somatosensory cortex (vSMA), and medial and lateral precuneus were genetically associated with both depression and CU. Split-half replication found support for both DLPFC clusters. Meta-analytic term search identified “theory of mind”, “inhibit”, and “pain” as likely functions. Gene and transcript mapping/enrichment analyses implicated calcium channels. Conclusions CU reflects genetic vulnerability to depression that likely involves executive and social functioning in a distributed process across the cortex. This approach works to unify neuroimaging, neuroinformatics, and genetics to discover pathways to psychiatric vulnerability.