Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of radial transport of ices in protoplanetary disks probed with infrared observations : the case of CO2

The efficiency of radial transport of icy solid material from outer disk to the inner disk is currently unconstrained. Efficient radial transport of icy dust grains could significantly alter the composition of the gas in the inner disk. Our aim is to model the gaseous CO$_2$ abundance in the inner disk and use this to probe the efficiency of icy dust transport in a viscous disk. Features in the simulated CO$_2$ spectra are investigated for their dust flux tracing potential. We have developed a 1D viscous disk model that includes gas and grain motions as well as dust growth, sublimation and freeze-out and a parametrisation of the CO$_2$ chemistry. The thermo-chemical code DALI was used to model the mid-infrared spectrum of CO$_2$, as can be observed with JWST-MIRI. CO$_2$ ice sublimating at the iceline increases the gaseous CO$_2$ abundance to levels equal to the CO$_2$ ice abundance of $\sim 10^{-5}$, which is three orders of magnitude more than the gaseous CO$_2$ abundances of $\sim 10^{-8}$ observed by Spitzer. Grain growth and radial drift further increase the gaseous CO$_2$ abundance. A CO$_2$ destruction rate of at least $10^{-11}$ s$^{-1}$ is needed to reconcile model prediction with observations. This rate is at least two orders of magnitude higher than the fastest known chemical destruction rate. A range of potential physical mechanisms to explain the low observed CO$_2$ abundances are discussed. Transport processes in disks can have profound effects on the abundances of species in the inner disk. The discrepancy between our model and observations either suggests frequent shocks in the inner 10 AU that destroy CO$_2$, or that the abundant midplane CO$_2$ is hidden from our view by an optically thick column of low abundance CO$_2$ in to the disk surface XDR/PDR. Other molecules, such as CH$_4$ or NH$_3$, can give further handles on the rate of mass transport.
Beata Zyznarska-Dworczak

Legitimacy theory helps to understand the organization’s behavior in implementing, developing and communicating its social responsibility policies. The main assumption of legitimacy theory is fulfilling the organization’s social contract, which enables the recognition of its objectives. This in turn requires the adoption of a CSR strategy affecting various areas of activity, including in particular management accounting. The paper draws arguments from literature to identify the role of the legitimacy theory in management accounting research. The article’s thesis is that sustainable management accounting is a valuable tool of legitimacy for a socially responsible company. The paper is structured as follows: after the introduction, the second section provides the background for the research study; it is a literature review concerning the way in which accounting legitimizes the status of a socially responsible corporate. The third section of the paper presents sustainable management accounting (SMA) as a tool for legitimacy in a socially responsible company. And the last section is dedicated to the presentation of SMA development directions. On the basis of a normative approach, it presents the author’s proposal of treatment of sustainable management accounting as a tool for sustainable business legitimacy.
RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS AND ANGIOGRAPHIC SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME USING SYNTAX SCORE.

Materials and Methods:The study was carried on 80 patients who were admitted by ACS and underwent coronary angiography. All patients were assessed for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors . UA levels and other biochemical assessments were measured in all patients after 12 hour fasting before the procedure. The severity of CAD was assessed by the SYNTAX score. The relationship between the serum UA and the severity of CAD was statistically evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for Windows.
MDM 2 regulates estrogen rece ptor a and estrogen responsiveness in breast cancer cells

Murine double minute clone 2 (MDM2) is a multifunctional protein, which modulates nuclear receptor-mediated transactivation. In this study, we show that MDM2 significantly enhanced estrogen receptor a (ERa) and ERa/specificity protein-mediated transactivation in MCF-7 and ZR-75 breast cancer cells. This was demonstrated by both MDM2 overexpression and knockdown experiments by RNA interference. ERa interacted with wild-type MDM2 and deletion mutants of MDM2 containing amino acids 1–342 (C-terminal deletion) and 134–490 (N-terminal deletion), but not 134–342. In contrast, only wild-type but not mutant MDM2 enhanced ERa-mediated transactivation. Protein–protein interactions in vitro were 17b-estradiol (E2) independent, whereas fluorescent resonance energy transfer experiments in living cells showed that E2 enhanced ERa–MDM2 interactions. Subsequent RNA interference and mammalian twohybrid experiments suggested that MDM2 did not directly interact with endogenous coactivators such as the steroid receptor coactivators but played a role in enhancing ERa-mediating gene expression and estrogen responsiveness through interactions with ERa. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology (2011) 46, 67–79
A Global Maximum Principle for the Stochastic Optimal Control Problem with Delay

In this paper, an open problem is solved, for the stochastic optimal control problem with delay where the control domain is nonconvex and the diffusion term contains both control and its delayed term. Inspired by previous results by O ksendal and Sulem [{\it A maximum principle for optimal control of stochastic systems with delay, with applications to finance. In J. M. Menaldi, E. Rofman, A. Sulem (Eds.), Optimal control and partial differential equations, ISO Press, Amsterdam, 64-79, 2000}] and Chen and Wu [{\it Maximum principle for the stochastic optimal control problem with delay and application, Automatica, 46, 1074-1080, 2010}], Peng's general stochastic maximum principle [{\it A general stochastic maximum principle for optimal control problems, SIAM J. Control Optim. , 28, 966-979, 1990}] is generalized to the time delayed case, which is called the global maximum principle. A new backward random differential equation is introduced to deal with the cross terms, when applying the duality technique. Comparing with the classical result, the maximum condition contains an indicator function, in fact it is the characteristic of the stochastic optimal control problem with delay. The multi-dimensional case and a solvable linear-quadratic example are also discussed.
A framework for analyzing institutional gaps in natural resource governance

In this paper we present the Inter-Institutional Gap(IIG) Framework as a novel approach to conceptualizing the often-overlooked interconnectivity of different rule-levels between formal and informal institutions in a resource system. This framework goes beyond the existing concepts of legal pluralism, institutional void, structural hole, and cultural mismatch, each of which offer valuable insights to particular gaps between formal and informal institutions, but do not sufficiently address the interaction at every rule level (i.e. constitutional choice, collective choice and operational choice rules). In order to demonstrate the potential of our framework for better understanding the underlying causes of inter-institutional gaps, we apply it to four case studies that encompass diverse geographical locations, governance scales, and social-ecological systems. Results reveal inter-institutional gaps can be created when there are unintended, unforeseen or hidden gaps between different rule hierarchies in two or more simultaneously operating institutions. More specifically we observe that: i) inter-institutional gaps are co-existing, therefore if a certain gap is identified, other gaps may be expected; ii) certain gaps may reveal latent gaps; and iii) intermediaries may be key to addressing inter-institutional gaps. In many cases, sustainable natural resource management and regulation cannot be achieved without directly addressing the inter-institutional gaps that exist between formal and informal institutions operating in the same resource system. The Framework facilitates analysis and understanding of multi-level governance structures in pursuit of addressing complex natural resource management issues.
Cellular Aspects of Oocyte Growth in Teleosts

In teleosts, the transformation of oogonia into oocytes apparently occurs within the germinal regions of the luminal epithelium of the ovary. As observed to particular advantage in syngnathans, prefollicle cells surround each oocyte, which is arrested in meiotic prophase, and the entire oocyte-follicle cell complex buds off the germinal nest as a primordial follicle. Oocyte growth within the follicle is due, to some extent, to the accumulation of normal cytoplasmic components; however, the preponderant mechanisms that contribute to oocyte growth are the endogenous synthesis of cortical alveoli, the accumulation of hepatically derived yolk protein (vitellogenesis) and in some (particularly marine) teleosts, a pronounced water uptake, which occurs concomitant with the resumption of meiosis (oocyte maturation). Our current understanding of these events is discussed and a new perspective on oocyte staging is presented, which is based on data indicating that the cellular events of oocyte growth do not sequentially replace one another, but rather are initiated sequentially and remain active throughout oocyte development.
Reversible Adversarial Examples based on Reversible Image Transformation

Currently, there emerge many companies taking Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to classify and analyze user-uploaded photos on social platforms. Hence for users to protect image privacy without affecting human eyes to correctly extract the semantic information, it is possible to rely upon the attack capability of adversarial examples to fool these DNNs. In this paper, we take advantage of Reversible Image Transformation (RIT) to disguise original image as its adversarial example to get a controllable adversarial example, namely reversible adversarial example, which is still an adversarial example to DNNs. However, it not only deceives DNNs to extract the wrong information, but also can be recovered to original image without distortion. Experimental results on ImageNet demonstrate that our proposed scheme is superior to Liu et al. Since RIT can reversibly transform an image into an arbitrarily-chosen image with the same size, there is no need to worry, as Liu et al., about adversarial perturbations that are too large to be fully embedded. More importantly, our reversible adversarial examples achieve higher attack success rate to reach desired privacy protection goals, while ensuring the image quality is still good.
The Use of Citrulline for Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension can be diagnosed at all ages and characterized by increased vascular resistance in the lungs. Pulmonary hypertension in the pediatric population is less studied than in adults with much of the therapy extrapolated from adult data. Suboptimal survival rate of patients with pulmonary hypertension and the economic impact this disease has on the healthcare system warrant the need for new therapeutic options, such as citrulline. Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid involved in the urea cycle, which ultimately converts to nitric oxide to help dilate the pulmonary vasculature. Based on the available animal and few human studies, citrulline can potentially be a preventive remedy for pediatric patients at high risk of developing pulmonary hypertension after undergoing congenital cardiac surgery. However, new clinical trials are needed before using citrulline as a standard treatment option and incorporating it into practice guidelines.
0 F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 F 5 F 6 F 7 FForging Ahead with Small Scale Production Technology A Different Approach for the Australian Biodiesel Industry in Difficult Times

Over the past three years the Australian biodiesel industry has struggled with rapidly increasing feedstock prices and an unfavourable taxation environment. These tough times have caused large scale producers to drastically curtail production with some even ceasing operation. Instead of sounding the end of the biodiesel industry in Australia, this can act as a stimulus for refocusing the scale of production. In this paper a new model of production is proposed that maintains the benefits of large production scales while taking advantage of the agility, low risk and decentralised nature of small scale production. This model consists of optimised small scale (1-5 million L/yr) production technology incorporated into a regional industry hub. The regional industry hub provides existing infrastructure as well as significant synergies with other industries to provide guaranteed product markets and reduced transport costs. A case study at Macco Feeds PTY LTD (Western Australia) is provided to examine the viability of this model in an industrial setting.
A Method to Model Conditional Distributions with Normalizing Flows

In this work, we investigate the use of normalizing flows to model conditional distributions. In particular, we use our proposed method to analyze inverse problems with invertible neural networks by maximizing the posterior likelihood. Our method uses only a single loss and is easy to train. This is an improvement on the previous method that solves similar inverse problems with invertible neural networks but which involves a combination of several loss terms with ad-hoc weighting. In addition, our method provides a natural framework to incorporate conditioning in normalizing flows, and therefore, we can train an invertible network to perform conditional generation. We analyze our method and perform a careful comparison with previous approaches. Simple experiments show the effectiveness of our method, and more comprehensive experimental evaluations are undergoing.
Expression of Metallothionein, P53 and Antioxidant Enzymes by Selenium and Vitamin D3 during Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Rat Liver Preneoplasia

Many studies have proved that the dietary micronutrient has an inhibitory effect against experimentally induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. The present work is an attempt to understand combined effect of selenium (Se) and vitamin D3 (vit D3) on some potential protein expression markers of carcinogenesis, such as metallothionein (MT), P53 and antioxidant levels during diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) induced (200 mg/kg in 0.9% NaCl; IP) rat liv er preneoplasia. In a short term regimen combined supplementation of Se and vit D3 at a dose of 8 ppm in water and 0.3 μl/100μl in propylene glycol, respectively, suppressed the formation of DNA comets (28.40%), thereby indicating its non- genotoxicity at this particular dose. Se and vit D3 administration throughout the study reduced relative liver weight. Modular incidence were 22.7% when compared to the carcinogen control. However, treatment with Se and vit D3 showed significant expressions of MT and P53 which studied at four sequential time points. An increased immunopositive of P53 protein (1.3±0.56% p3 together treated rat liver with an elevated apoptotic labeling index (A1; p3 together mediated suppression of MT may be associated with induction of apoptosis. The results thus provide evidence for the first time in support of the potential role of combined supplementation of Se and vit D3 on induction of P53 apoptosis with concurrent suppression of MT in order to have an understanding. Regardless of the mechanism, based on the results reported in this study, both Se and vit D3 could be considered a potential cancer chemopreventive agents whose effect is presumably based on inhibition of growth of the neoplastic cells by coordinated regulations of different biochemical markers and enzymes studied herein.
GRK 2 / β-arrestin mediates arginine vasopressin-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation Running title : GRK 2 / β-arrestinmediates cell proliferation

This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12696 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Received Date : 01-Sep-2016 Revised Date : 19-Oct-2016 Accepted Date : 03-Nov-2016 Article type : Original Article
BioRem—Database for Remediation of Heavy Metal Rich Habitats and Protection of Their Biodiversity

BioRem is an open access on-line resource, which aims to document the biodiversity of terrestrial heavy metal rich sites around the globe that are the habitats of specialized metal tolerant organisms (MTOs). A comprehensive inventory of MTOs together with an analysis of environmental conditions and research about the adaptations of MTOs shall support the development of holistic models about the functioning of heavy metal ecosystems and lead to an improved understanding of interactions and adaptation strategies of MTOs. Furthermore, the database enables the identification of plants and microorganisms suited for remediation actions where protection of the population and the environment is needed. Information about scientific data shall lay the ground for the definition of heavy metal habitats with unique biocoenoses as reservoirs of biodiversity: accordingly, BioRem shall be a resource for education and for dissemination of our knowledge about the ecology of heavy metal rich sites and their habitats, and it shall provide tools for the evaluation of socio-economic strategies for either remediation or preservation of heavy metal habitats. Where needed, alternative strategies for the survival of MTOs shall be developed, hence contributing to the aim of the G? teborg 2010 target to halt loss of biodiversity.
Running title : IL-17 family cytokines in infections

Interleukin (IL)-17 family cytokines consisting of six members participate in immune response in infections, autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. The prototype cytokine of the family, IL-17A, was originally identified from CD4+ T cells which are now termed Th17. Later IL-17A-producing cells are expanded to various hematopoietic cells including CD8+ T cells (Tc17), invariant NKT cells, γδ T cells, non-T non-B lymphocytes termed type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), and neutrophils. Some members of the IL-17 family cytokines other than IL-17A were also expressed by CD4+ T cells: IL-17E by Th2 cells, and IL-17F by Th17 cells. IL-17A and IL-17F induce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce inflammation and anti-microbial peptides to kill pathogens, while IL-17E induce allergic inflammation. However, function of other IL-17 family cytokines had been unclear. Recent reports demonstrated that IL17B and IL-17C are expressed by epithelial cells rather than hematopoietic cells. Interestingly, expression of IL-17E and IL-17F by epithelial cells have also been reported, and the epithelial cell-derived IL-17 family cytokines showed important role in immune response to infections at epithelial sites. In this review, we summarize current information on hematopoietic cell-derived IL-17A and non-hematopoietic cell-derived IL-17B, IL17C, IL-17D, IL-17E and IL-17F in infections, and propose functional difference between the two categories of IL-17 family cytokines.
Potential role of uric acid as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra resulting in invalidating motor dysfunction. While the disorder has been studied for many years, The aetiology of PD remains essentially unknown, but oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are generally thought to play a prominent role [1]. Furthermore, the clinical diagnosis of PD patients is far from perfect. Currently, standard clinical diagnosis has been based on the comprehensive neurological examination as the gold standard and clinical measures, such as the Unified PD Rating Scale, the Hoehn and Yahr disability test and neuroimaging assessment. No clinical diagnostic test based on biochemical analysis of blood or CSF is as available yet. Therefore, there is hope that biomarkers will help diagnose symptomatic and presymptomatic disease stages. Uric acid (urate) is generated during the metabolisms of purines. Uric acid is an important natural antioxidant that may reduce oxidative stress through its actions as a scavenger of free radicals and iron chelator [2]. Recently, Schwarzschild et al. have reported that serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of uric acid predict clinical progression in patients with PD, individuals with high plasma uric acid levels have a markedly reduced risk of developing PD [3–5]. Lower concentration of serum uric acid have been observed in the substantia nigra of PD patients compared with controls [6]. Researchers have also demonstrated that uric acid was found to suppress oxidative stress and prevent dopaminergic cell death in animal models of PD [7]. Moreover, a prospective study demonstrated that individuals with gout, a rheumatic disease resulting from hyperuricemia, had a significantly reduced occurrence of PD [8]. Taken together, these research establish uric acid as the first molecular predictor of development and clinical progression in PD and provide a rationale for investigating the possibility that a therapeutic increase of uric acid in patients with PD might act favorably to slow the disease course. In conclusion, we hypothesised that the concentration of serum uric acid could be an important biomarker in subjects with PD independently. The higher levels of serum uric acid, the lower probability of the development and the slower clinical progression of PD. As a prognostic biomarker, we could understand why some patients follow a worse course than the others.
Three Multiple-Pulse Operation States of an All-Normal-Dispersion Dissipative Soliton Fiber Laser

Multiple-pulse operation states of an all-normal-dispersion Yb-doped double-clad dissipative soliton fiber laser are investigated in this paper. The proposed laser can deliver harmonic mode-locked pulses, bound states of dissipative solitons, and dual-wavelength dual-pulses. Stable second-harmonic and third-harmonic mode-locked pulse trains are obtained with the output power of 1.39 W and 1.46 W, respectively, and the corresponding single pulse energies are 12.1 nJ and 8.5 nJ. With the adjustment of pump power and the wave plates, the fiber laser generates bound states of two or three dissipative solitons. Moreover, a dual-wavelength dual-pulse state is presented, where the output pulses from the nonlinear polarization rotation rejection port consists of the leading and trailing edges of the pulses circulating in the cavity.