Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Ultrasound Estimates From Populations of Scatterers With Continuous Size Distributions

Although quantitative ultrasound imaging based on backscattering coefficients has proven potential for tissue characterization, the scattering models used in most studies assume distributions of identical scatterers. However, actual tissues may exhibit multiple levels of spatial scales. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to analyze the effects of scatterer size distributions when using a fluid-sphere model for estimating values of effective scatterer diameter (ESD) through both simulations and experiments. For simulations, ESD estimates were obtained at several analysis frequencies between 1 and 40 MHz from populations of scatterers with diameters ranging between 25 and 100 μm, 25 and 50 μm, 50 and 100 μm, and 50 and 75 μm. For sufficiently high analysis frequencies, the ESD estimates obtained through simulations were approximately inversely proportional to frequency and mostly independent of the underlying scatterer size distribution. Asymptotic expressions for the expected ESD estimates at lowand high-frequency limits were derived. Experiments were conducted using two gelatin phantoms with contrast agent spheres ranging in diameter from 30 to 140 μm and 70 to 140 μm, and 5-, 7.5-, 10-, and 13-MHz focused transducers. Not only was the asymptotic behavior of ESD versus frequency estimates observed experimentally, but also the experimental ESD estimates using the 10and 13-MHz transducers were lower than the smallest scatterers present in the second phantom. These results may have a direct impact on how scatterer size estimates corresponding to specimens with different subresolution spatial scales should be interpreted.
Gecikmiş Kas Ağrısı ve Oluşum Mekanizmaları: Oksidatif Stres ile İlişkisi

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was defined for the first time by Hough in 1902. Hough stated that DOMS is a kind of disturbance felt in muscles after 8-10 hours following the exercise performed for the first time in untrained people and emphasized that this could not only be associated with fatigue. Thereon, the DOMS of interest and number of studies on the subjects increased. However, the formation mechanism of DOMS is not disclosed in full. It is well known that oxidative stress increases after the muscle contractile activities and induces muscle damage. It is considered to be a connection between the muscle damage induced by oxidative stress and DOMS. But it is not clear whether the increased oxidative stress effect DOMS formation or not. Limited number of studies focused on this topic showed that oxidative stress was related to DOMS. Hence, this review is limited with the studies tried to explain possible mechanism and examined the relationship between oxidative stress and DOMS. For this, DOMS was defined and formation mechanisms of DOMS were explained. After the definition of oxidative stress the research examined the relationship between DOMS and oxidative stress were presented. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress damage causes muscle damage and this is the most probable mechanism to explain the DOMS in cellular level. The studies showed that free radicals act as intracellular signaling molecules and stimulate the molecules that provide muscle adaptation to exercise. It has been reported that the DOMS formation is decreased after eccentric activities performed repeatedly. Additionally, it has been shown that the use of antioxidant supplementation decreases DOMS and delays the DOMS formation.
Application Strategies for Neuroscience in Information Systems Design Science Research

Design science has evolved as a major research paradigm in the information systems (IS) discipline, which aims to design innovative and useful IT artifacts, such as conceptual models and software systems. Despite the increasing attention paid to the cognitive and emotional mechanisms that underlie the perception of such artifacts, research that explores the neurobiological determinants of these mechanisms has only recently begun to emerge. The primary argument for the use of neurobiological approaches in IS design science research is that IT artifact design — and, ultimately, human-computer interaction in general — may significantly benefit from neuroscience theories, concepts, methods, and data. In particular, the consideration of neuroscience may improve IT artifacts' alignment with users' perceptual and information processing mechanisms, particularly the brain. Against this background, this article presents a taxonomy of application strategies for neuroscience in IS design science research. It describes three major areas of application and explains that conducting research in an area comes with a specific set of requirements (e.g., applicability, costs, accessibility, and knowledge relevant to planning and conducting a research project). Therefore, if an IS design science scholar decides to draw upon neuroscience, the taxonomy transparently explains possible working areas and corresponding requirements. The taxonomy is described based on example studies published in the IS literature and on contributions that appeared in outlets pertaining to related disciplines, such as affective computing and neuroergonomics. The article concludes that, if neuroscience is considered a valuable complement to the more traditional approaches, it has the potential to become a major reference discipline for IS design science research.
Innovation und Organisation: Drei Thesen zum Passungsverhältnis zweier Formen der Moderne

Zusammenfassung Dass Innovation und Organisation eng miteinander verbunden sind, wird sowohl in der Innovations-, wie in der Organisationsforschung umfangreich diskutiert. Einerseits wird die zentrale Rolle von Organisationen in Innovationsprozessen und andererseits die Relevanz der Innovation für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Organisationen betont. Obwohl ihre Passung immer wieder aufgezeigt wird, fehlt es bis dato an Ansätzen, die diese überzeugend erklären. Ein vielversprechender Ausgangspunkt ist u. E. , sowohl Organisation als auch Innovation als spezifisch moderne Formen aufzufassen. Hiervon ausgehend diskutiert der Text das Wechselspiel zwischen Innovation und Organisation aus Perspektive der Gesellschaftstheorie Niklas Luhmanns neu. Dabei gerät die spezifische Passung zwischen absichtsvoller Neuheit und den Entscheidungsdynamiken der Organisation in den Blick. Insbesondere wird es möglich zu erklären, welche Eigenschaften Organisationen zu privilegierten Orten der Innovation machen. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass Organisationen in dreifacher Hinsicht in Innovationsprozessen wirksam sind: sie können durch Entscheidungen reflexiv die Bedingungen für eine gesteigerte Produktion sowie eine erfolgreiche Selektion und Stabilisierung des Neuen schaffen.
A cross species approach to identify potential therapeutic targets through synthetic lethal interactions

ii Preface . iii Table of Contents . iv List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix List of Abbreviations . xi Acknowledgements . xiv Dedication . xv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 The genetic basis of cancer . 1 1.2 Major classes of genes mutated in cancer . 2 1.3 Cohesin genes are mutated in tumours . 5 1.4 Cohesin . 6 1.4. 1 The sister chromatid cohesion cycle . 6 1.4. 2 Cohesin, the DDR, and recombinational repair . 8 1.4. 3 Cohesin and regulation of gene expression . 10 1.5 The role of genetic interactions in interpreting the biology underlying cancer mutations . 12 1.5. 1 Genetic interactions . 12 1.5. 2 Synthetic sickness/ lethality . 13 1.5. 3 Genetic interaction networks . 14 1.5. 4 SL and cancer treatment . 16 1.6 Hypothesis and Research Goals . 17 Chapter 2: Development of a cross species approach to identify and quantify genetic interactions . 18 2.1 Introduction . 18 2.1.1 C. elegans vulval development . 20
Nanotube Devices for Digital Profiling

FaRhaD KhoSRaVI, BEnJamIn KIng, SESh RaI, goEtz KloEcKER, ERIc WIcKStRom, anD BalaJI PanchaPaKESan Nanotube Devices for Digital Profiling CirCulating tumor Cells (CtCs) were f irst discovered in 1869 in the blood of patients suffering from metastatic disease by an australian physician, thomas ashworth, using optical microscopy [1]. the current understanding is that these CtCs mediate the spread of cancer at distant sites, including the lungs, liver, bones, and brain. CtCs are shed by primary and metastatic cancers in the range of 1–77,200/ml [2], [3]. recent clinically approved techniques for CtC detection include Veridex from Cell search [4], the CtC chip [5], and the aDna test [6], [7], to name a few. table 1 presents a list of CtC detection methodologies and their u.s. Food and Drug administration (FDa) approval stages. although these methods are impressive, none are handheld point-ofcare devices; the test cannot be administered in the clinic, with results available in a few minutes both for CtCs and A focus on cancer biomarkers and circulating tumor cells.
Serie de productos OPTIMIZE

Los modelos matemáticos están considerados, como un medio importante, si no el único, para alcanzar óptimamente los objetivos de rendimiento y calidad [1, 2]. Los continuos avances en instrumentación y la mayor potencia y menor precio de las herramientas de cálculo han hecho que las soluciones basadas en modelos, como el control predictivo, la optimización en tiempo real, la estimación en línea y la supervisión de procesos, no sólo sean técnicamente factibles, sino también económicamente viables. Para satisfacer esta demanda, ABB ha desarrollado una serie de productos para el control avanzado de procesos (APC). Según se muestra en , esta serie comprende los siguientes productos OptimizeIT: Dynamic Solutions (DS) Inferential Modeling Platform (IMP) Predict & Control (P&C) Loop Performance Manager (LPM) Advanced Blend Control (ABC)
The Naked Truth?

When judging humans, (formal) clothes play a vital role for the attribution of trust, competence and sympathy. Most social robots, however, appear unclothed and not much is known whether and how clothes can influence how a robot is perceived. In an experiment, participants experienced either a formally dressed, an informally dressed or an undressed robot and rated their experience on different questionnaires. Inconsistent with our expectations, the data revealed no influence of robot clothing on the experience of the robot. Possible reasons and implications for further studies are discussed.
STIGMA: TEACHING TIMELESS ISSUES, RAISING TIMELY QUESTIONS

The first line in the opening chapter of this thoughtfully edited volume captures why teachers will want to use it in their classes: devaluing any person has serious implications for similar individuals and for society. When individual differences elicit psychosocial wrongs—either those experienced or inflicted (intentionally, innocently, or unknowingly) upon others by thought, word, or deed—explanations are warranted. Instructors of social or clinical psychology will resonate to the collective explanations offered by this book, as they will be hard pressed to find a better work illustrating the interface between the two subfields than The Social Psychology of Stigma. The varied but still harmonious perspectives presented remind us that stigma is not just the stuff of academic research, writing, and theory; rather, it is a regrettable and real aspect of some people’s daily lives. Stigmatization is presented as psychologically and phenomenally palpable because it is a cognitively normal, if unwanted, side effect resulting from the inherent information processing limitations of humans. Stigma is a timeless topic, one that cuts a wide swath across research traditions in social, clinical, and rehabilitation psychology. Some teacher–researchers and students are bound to think of stigma as a dated, somewhat limited topic linked to prejudice, particularly that directed toward ethnic or racial minorities or possibly people with disabilities. This view is not surprising. Empirically and educationally, stigma is a well–established topic in the social sciences, notably within psychology and sociology (Erving Goffman’s [1963] sociological observations on the topic remain a touchstone for more than one generation of researchers in both fields).
Birational geometry of moduli spaces of sheaves and Bridgeland stability

Moduli spaces of sheaves and Hilbert schemes of points have experienced a recent resurgence in interest in the past several years, due largely to new techniques arising from Bridgeland stability conditions and derived category methods. In particular, classical questions about the birational geometry of these spaces can be answered by using new tools such as the positivity lemma of Bayer and Macr\`i. In this article we first survey classical results on moduli spaces of sheaves and their birational geometry. We then discuss the relationship between these classical results and the new techniques coming from Bridgeland stability, and discuss how cones of ample divisors on these spaces can be computed with these new methods. This survey expands upon the author's talk at the 2015 Bootcamp in Algebraic Geometry preceding the 2015 AMS Summer Research Institute on Algebraic Geometry at the University of Utah.
Inverse Scattering of Three-Dimensional PEC Objects Using the Level-Set Method

A 3D shape reconstruction algorithm for multiple PEC objects immersed in air is presented. The Hamilton-Jacobi PDE is solved in the entire computational domain with employing the marching cubes method to retrieve the unknown objects. The method of moment surface integral equation is used as the forward solver. An appropriate form of the deformation velocity, based on the forward and adjoint flelds, is implemented to minimize the mismatch between the measurements and simulated scattered flelds from the evolving objects. The inversion algorithm demonstrated good shape reconstruction results even when using limited view data or noisy corrupted data with SNR of 5dB.
Selección y manipulación de Recursos Educativos Abiertos en el entorno educativo argentino mediante aplicaciones basadas en ontologías

Los Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REAs) son materiales en formato digital que típicamente se ofrecen de manera gratuita y abierta para educadores, estudiantes y autodidactas para su uso, reutilización y modificación en la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la investigación. A pesar de que existe un gran número de REAs disponibles en la web, a los docentes les resulta difícil su selección y adopción. Esta línea de investigación, desarrollo e innovación (I-D-I) está centrada principalmente en facilitar al docente de nuestro país, la selección y manipulación de REAs a través de aplicaciones basadas en ontologías. De esta forma se podrá obtener recursos que se correspondan con ciertos parámetros, de acuerdo a una determinada licencia de uso. Se podrá hacer uso del mismo, o se puede combinar con otro material, para luego ser compartido. Deberá permitir a los docentes organizar y describir REAs en términos de las ontologías subyacentes, sin ser ellos expertos en lenguajes de especificación de ontologías. Palabras clave: Recursos Educativos Abiertos, licencias, Ontologías.
The Challenge of Scientometrics: The Development, Measurement, and Self-Organization of Scientific Communications

Scientometrics--the quantitative study of scientific communication--challenges science and technology studies by demonstrating that organized knowledge production and control is amenable to measurement. First, the various dimensions of the empirical study of the sciences are clarified in a methodological analysis of theoretical traditions, including the sociology of scientific knowledge and neo-conventionalism in the philosophy of science. Second, the author argues why the mathematical theory of communication enables us to address crucial problems in science and technology studies, both on the qualitative side (e.g., the significance of a reconstruction) and on the quantitative side (e.g., the prediction of indicators). A comprehensive set of probabilistic entropy measures for studying complex developments in networks is elaborated. In the third part of the study, applications to S&T policy questions (e.g., the emergence of a European R&D system), to problems of (Bayesian) knowledge representations, and to the study of the sciences in terms of 'self-organizing' paradigms of scientific communication are provided. A discussion of directions for further research concludes the study.
A WIYN Lithium Survey for Young Stars in the λ Orionis Star-forming Region

We have found 72 pre–main-sequence (PMS) stars near the center of the λ Orionis star-forming region by spectroscopically testing a magnitude-limited sample for the presence of lithium λ6708 absorption, a diagnostic of youth. All of these stars show large lithium equivalent widths and radial velocities consistent with Orion membership, but only two were discovered previously via Hα or X-ray surveys. Comparison with PMS evolutionary tracks show that the low-mass star formation did not begin prior to the initiation of high-mass star formation 5–7 Myr ago. However, the subsequent detailed star formation history is model dependent. Baraffe et al. isochrones imply that high- and low-mass stars began to form together 5–7 Myr ago, with the low-mass stellar formation ceasing abruptly 1 Myr ago. On the other hand, D'Antona & Mazzitelli isochrones indicate a narrow spread of PMS ages, which suggests a burst of low-mass star formation 1–2 Myr ago. Furthermore, kinematic arguments require that the parent molecular cloud gravitationally bound the stars together until recently, but at present the requisite gas mass is not visible. This leads us to conjecture that both the high- and low-mass stars were in a tightly bound cluster until a supernova blast about 1 Myr ago disrupted the parent cloud. This supernova also impacted on the PMS formation process by either (1) ceasing formation through removal of the gas supply or (2) triggering star births via cloud compression, depending on choice of stellar evolution models. Finally, we find that despite their youth, only four of the 72 PMS stars have T Tauri–like Hα emission, suggesting the absence of accretion disks. We conjecture that this may be the result of photoevaporation of the disks while the low-mass stars were in much closer proximity to the OB stars prior to becoming gravitationally unbound.
Torus bundles over a torus

1. If a compact Lie group P acts on a completely regular topological space E then E is said to be a principal P-bundle if whenever the relation px — x holds for pCzP, x£E it follows that p = e, the identity of P. The orbit space X = E/P is called the base space and the map tt: E—>X carrying y into its orbit P-y is called the projection. Suppose now that G is a Lie group, 77i a closed subgroup of G and 77 a closed, normal subgroup of 77i such that P — Hi/H is compact. Then E = G/H becomes a principal P-bundle with base space X = G/H\ and projection g77—->g77i under the action p(gII)=gp~1H. Such a principal bundle will be called canonical. The purpose of this note is to show that if X is a torus of dimension w and P a torus of dimension m then every principal P-bundle over X is canonical and further that the group G lies in an extremely narrow class. Roughly speaking, our method is to try to lift the action of euclidean w-space up to the total space of the bundle and observe what obstructs this effort. The torus of dimension k will be denoted by Tk, the corresponding euclidean space by Rk. We view Rk as acting transitively on Tk with the lattice of integral points in Rk acting ineffectively. We denote by p: Rk-+Tk the usual covering map. Without loss of generality we assume the Pm-bundles over T" are differentiable. %(X) will denote the Lie algebra of infinitely differentiable vector fields on X. Exactly how narrow the class of Lie groups that G lies in will be left to Theorem 2. For the present we prove:
Avaliação dos impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais de tecnologias da Embrapa Pantanal: 1. técnicas de produção aplicadas ao sistema de produção extensivo de gado de corte do Pantanal.

A avaliacao das consequencias economicas, sociais e ambientais da adocao de tecnologias em sistemas de producao e a etapa final do processo de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovacao tecnologica executado pela Embrapa. Os impactos sociais e ambientais foram avaliados utilizando ferramentas especialmente desenvolvidas pela Embrapa para esta finalidade, o Sistema de Avaliacao de Impactos de Inovacoes Tecnologicas Agropecuarias (Ambitec), em suas versoes social (Ambitec-Social) e ambiental (Ambitec-Agro). A avaliacao dos impactos economicos utiliza o metodo do excedente economico, um dos muitos metodos que podem ser utilizados para avaliar o resultado das tecnologias que as instituicoes de pesquisa geram para a sociedade. Esta publicacao tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados da avaliacao de impactos de um conjunto de tecnologias geradas e transferidas pela Embrapa Pantanal para a pecuaria de corte extensiva da regiao. Para efeitos de avaliacao dos impactos, o conjunto de tecnologias aqui descritas ? entre as quais, desmama antecipada, everminacao estrategica das femeas de reposicao, descarte tecnico e monta controlada ? foi agrupado e avaliado como um pacote de tecnologias. Essas tecnologias estao relacionadas com a gestao de conhecimento e de processos, sendo efetivas quando manejadas em conjunto e de maneira sistemica, e causaram impacto geral positivo no sistema extensivo de cria de bovinos de corte do Pantanal.
Generic well-posedness in minimization problems

The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of results concerning, roughly speaking, the following issue: given a (topologized) class of minimum problems, “how many” of them are well-posed? We will consider several ways to define the concept of “how many,” and also several types of well-posedness concepts. We will concentrate our attention on results related to uniform convergence on bounded sets, or similar convergence notions, as far as the topology on the class of functions under investigation is concerned.
Learning Based On Computer Science Unplugged in Computer Science Education: Design, Development, and Assessment

Although, all high school students in Japan are required to learn informatics, many of them do not learn this topic sufficiently. In response to this situation, we propose a support package for high school informatics classes. To examine what students learned and if they sufficiently understood the context of the lessons, a questionnaire survey was distributed to 186 students. We analyzed the results of the questionnaire and determined the weakest units, which were “basic computer configuration” and “memory and secondary storage”. We then developed a package for teaching these units. We propose that our package be applied in high school classrooms. Keywords—Computer Science Unplugged, computer science outreach, high school curriculum, experimental evaluation.