Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Immersion Foot Syndrome

: 1. Prolonged exposure of the extremities to cold insufficient to cause tissue freezing produces a well-defined syndrome. 'Immersion foot' is one of the descriptive but inaccurate terms applied to this syndrome. The clinical features, aetiology, pathology, prevention, and treatment of immersion foot are considered in detail. A discussion on pathogenesis is also included. 2. In the natural history of a typical case of immersion foot there are four stages: the period of exposure and the pre-hyperaemic, hyperaemic, and post-hyperaemic stages. 3. During exposure and immediately after rescue the feet are cold, numb, swollen, and pulseless. Intense vasoconstriction sufficient to arrest blood-flow is believed to be the predominant factor during this phase. 4. This is followed by a period of intense hyperaemia, increased swelling, and severe pain. Hyperaemia is due to the release in chilled and ischaemic tissues of relatively stable vasodilator metabolites; pain may be the result of relative anoxia of sensory nerve-endings. 5. Within 7-10 days of rescue the intense hyperaemia and swelling subside and pain diminishes in intensity. A lesser degree of hyperaemia may persist for several weeks. Objective disturbances of sensation and sweating and muscular atrophy and paralysis now become apparent. These findings are correlated with damage to the peripheral nerves. 6. After several weeks the feet become cold-sensitive; when exposed to low temperature they cool abnormally and may remain cold for several hours. Hyperhidrosis frequently accompanies this cold-sensitivity. The factors responsible for these phenomena are incompletely understood; several possible explanations are considered. 7. Severe cases may develop blisters and gangrene. The latter is usually superficial and massive loss of tissue is rare. 8. The hands may be affected but seldom as severely as the feet. The essential features of immersion hand are the same as those of immersion foot. 9. Prognosis depends upon severity. The extent of anaesthesia at 7-10 days has been found a useful guide to the latter, and has formed a basis of a method of classification. 10. Rapid warming of chilled tissues is condemned. Cold therapy is of value for the relief of pain in the hyperaemic stage, but should not be used in the pre-hyperaemic stage. Sympathectomy and other measures designed to increase the peripheral circulation should not be employed immediately after rescue, but may have a place in the treatment of the later cold-sensitive state. This paper records the results of observations made during 1941 and 1942. Delay in publication has been necessary because of war-time difficulties of maintaining contact between authors. In this respect we have received much help from Surgeon Rear-Admiral J. W. McNee. We wish to thank Professors R. S. Aitken and J. R. Learmonth for much helpful advice during the preparation of the paper. The charts have been prepared by the technical staff of the Wilkie Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Edinburgh. During the period of the study, one of us (R. L. R.) was in receipt of a personal grant from the Medical Research Council.
The Complexity of the Treatment: The Decision-Making Process Among Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis

There are effective medications available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); yet, medication adherence remains a problem. In this study, grounded theory methodology was used to investigate the decision-making process used by 30 women with RA when deciding to participate in an evidence-based treatment regimen for this disease. From the study findings, a four-phase process was identified. Pain, life functioning, and exhaustion of health care resources are the components of the initial phase, decision initiation. During knowledge acquisition, the second phase, patients attain information about RA and medications used for its treatment from varying sources. The third phase, trusting the health care provider, is defined by a trusting relationship between patients and health care providers. Patients decide to take or not take medications for RA during the final phase, decision is made. The participating women with RA used a complex decision-making process when deciding to take medications for this disease.
The effect of cabergoline on folicular microenviroment profile in patients with high risk of OHSS

Abstract The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of cabergoline on follicular microenvironment by measuring follicular fluid (FF) insulin like growth hormone –I (IGF-I), antimullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels in women with PCOS and high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). In this prospective cohort study, 41 women with PCOS undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction and having the high risk factors for OHSS are included. The women in the study group (n = 15) received cabergoline for OHSS prevention while the women in the control did not received any medications for OHSS prevention. FF samples were collected during oocyte pick-up procedure for all women were determined using commercially available ELISA kits. Concentrations of FF IGF-I, AMH, inhibin B and HGF were assessed. In the study group FF AMH (2.96 ± 1.27 versus 1.91 ± 0.64 ng/mL), Inhibin B (1339.47 ± 198.56 versus 1200.09 ± 133.64 pg/mL), HGF (5623.21 ± 2411.09 versus 3787.42 ± 2269.89 pg/mL) and IGF-I (298.60 ± 37.80 versus 219.90 ± 71.40 pg/mL) concentrations were significantly decreased compared with control group. Cabergolin prevents OHSS in high risk patients by disrupting FF hormone microenvironment.
Choosing “The Best of the Hells”: Mothers Face Housing Dilemmas for Their Adult Children With Mental Illness and a History of Violence

Family members in the United States—especially mothers—are frequently caregivers, and provide housing for their adult relatives and children with mental illness. They often do so with little support from the mental health system. The purpose of this analysis was to explore mothers’ experiences related to housing options available to their adult children with a mental illness and a history of violence (MIHV) toward the mothers. The results of this study reveal a complex mixing of desires, feelings, internal factors, and external forces experienced by mothers of adult children with MIHV when considering whether or not these children can live in their homes. The findings from this study illuminate needs for greater familial involvement in mental health treatment decisions, respite for caregiving families, and housing as a crucial element of a comprehensive mental health treatment plan.
Environment Sensitivity-Based Cooperative Co-Evolutionary Algorithms for Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization

Dynamic multi-objective optimization problems (DMOPs) not only involve multiple conflicting objectives, but these objectives may also vary with time, raising a challenge for researchers to solve them. This paper presents a cooperative co-evolutionary strategy based on environment sensitivities for solving DMOPs. In this strategy, a new method that groups decision variables is first proposed, in which all the decision variables are partitioned into two subcomponents according to their interrelation with environment. Adopting two populations to cooperatively optimize the two subcomponents, two prediction methods, i.e., differential prediction and Cauchy mutation, are then employed respectively to speed up their responses on the change of the environment. Furthermore, two improved dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithms, i.e., DNSGAII-CO and DMOPSO-CO, are proposed by incorporating the above strategy into NSGA-II and multi-objective particle swarm optimization, respectively. The proposed algorithms are compared with three state-of-the-art algorithms by applying to seven benchmark DMOPs. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform the compared algorithms in terms of convergence and distribution on most DMOPs.
Effects of rebounding exercises versus whole body vibration on functional capacity, genu recurvatum angle and bone mineral density in children with Down syndrome.

Aim: To compare between the effects of rebounding exercises and whole body vibration on functional capacity, genu recurvatum angles and bone mineral density in children with Down syndrome. Study Design: Prospective, randomized controlled study. Place and Duration of Study: National Institute for Neuro-Motor System, Egypt, between June 2014 and September 2014. Original Research Article Mohamed et al.; BJMMR, 7(10): 847-860, 2015; Article no.BJMMR. 2015.397 848 Methodology: Thirty children with Down syndrome (16 boys and 14 girls) whose age ranged from 6 to 8 years. They were assigned randomly into two equal study groups (n=15). Study group I received rebounding exercise and study group II received whole body vibration. In addition, both groups received the same designed exercise program. Functional capacity via 6-minute walk test, genu recurvatum angles and bone mineral density were evaluated before and after 3 successive months of treatment. Results: Significant differences were observed in both groups when comparing their pre and posttreatment mean values of all measuring variables (p<0.05). Six minute walk test was changed from (300±9.258, 294.667±9.904) meters to (350±8.451, 357.333±13.741) meters for study group I and II respectively. Right genu recurvatum angles were changed from (20.330±1.543, 19.730±1.534) degrees to (17.800±1.699, 16.130±1.885) degrees for study groups I and II, respectively while left genu recurvatum angles were changed from (19.930±1.486, 19.870±1.407) degrees to (17.600±1.549, 15.067±1.223) degrees for study groups I and II, respectively. Bone mineral density of femoral neck was changed from (0.576±0.015, 0.580±0.016) g/cm 2 to (0.805±0.042, 0.831±0.066) g/cm; distal tibia changed from (0.335±0.085, 0.339±0.089) g/cm to (0.485±0.095, 0.549±0.083) g/cm 2 ; proximal tibia from (0.557±0.017, 0.565±0.017) g/cm 2 to (0.781±0.053, 0.827±0.076) g/cm for study groups I and II, respectively. No significant differences were recorded between both groups when comparing their post-treatment mean values of six minute walk test and bone mineral density while significant differences were recorded in genu recurvatum angles in favor of the study group II (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both rebounding exercises and whole body vibration are effective in correcting genu recurvatum, increasing low bone mineral density and functional capacity for the children with Down syndrome. The whole body vibration in correction of genu recurvatum angle is more effective in comparison to rebounding exercises.
Membership and Boundary Maintenance on an Online Self-Harm Forum

In this article we explore how young adults became members and sustained membership in an online self-harm support forum, SharpTalk. We take a discursive approach to consider resources young people used to establish themselves, how others responded to their attempts, and how membership categories were developed and applied. Participants displayed expectations about appropriate ways of discussing self-harm, and about responses and advice. New posters made reference to other self-harm sites, provided biomedicalized narratives of their “story,” and asked for help in particular ways. Participants were active in shaping interactions on the forum, requesting input from site moderators, and challenging each other both on perceived infringements of posting content, and on style of posting pertinent to membership. On the SharpTalk site, perceived deviance in posting behavior, and also the giving of health care advice, were most commonly addressed by other young people who self-harmed, rather than by the site moderators. We consider implications for creating sites that enable young people who self-harm to become members and sustain membership, and therefore access support.
Adequação dos encaminhamentos de gestações de alto-risco na rede básica de atenção à saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

OBJECTIVES: to determine the most prevailing causes and referral adequacy of prenatal patients from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, metropolitan and rural areas. METHODS: 821 referrals to the High Risk Pregnancy Clinic of the Hospital Femina of the Grupo Hospitalar Conceicao, from July 1997 to July 2000 were reviewed. Referrals were classified as: confirmed, added, modified, not conclusive or not confirmed. RESULTS: 201 (24.5%) were considered inadequate. Most common causes for referring pre-natal patients were arterial hypertension and diabetes. Inadequacy was more frequent in pregnant women residing out of the metropolitan area and among the younger ones. The most frequent inadequacy causes were referrals based on bureaucratic reasons and lack of information. Kappa rates among diagnosis performed by primary care doctors and referral services were respectively 0.28 and 0.41. CONCLUSIONS: diagnosis agreement was determined to be low. There is a need for training to improve basic healthcare services specially focused on doctors working outside the metropolitan area.
A CASE OF A BOY POSSESSING AN AUTOMATIC DIRECTIONAL ORIENTATION.

mainly because we were not stationed near these regions. It is likely that the same conditions would prevail there since the storms retained their same relative positions as on the eastern slopes. Twisting of trees other than those a t timberline has been observed and noted but not studied to any great extent. Apple trees are usually twisted in the prairie regions, but no definite set to the twist was noticed. It often occurred that both left and right twisting could be found in the same tree. I n cutting up an old orchard that had died we found many trees of this type. W. C. YEAGER HOBSONSCHOOL, SIOUX CITY, IOWA
Qualitative Research With Small Connected Communities

Qualitative researchers have a dual mission: to generate knowledge through rigorous research and to uphold ethical standards and principles. Qualitative researchers often conduct studies with small connected communities in which relationships exist among community members. When engaging such communities, researchers might face ethical issues in upholding confidentiality standards while they work to achieve their dual mandate. Qualitative scholars have paid little attention to the ethical challenges that might arise in this context. Drawing on our experiences conducting studies with such communities, we expand the dialogue concerning qualitative research ethics by making explicit conceptual and practical tensions that emerge at various stages of the research process; articulating our respective reflective processes; and exploring issues associated with strategies for upholding confidentiality. We conclude with lessons learned to guide researchers who might face similar challenges.
Divergent Views of Hope Influencing Communications Between Parents and Hospital Providers

This study evaluated parents’ and health care providers’ (HCPs) descriptions of hope following counseling of parents at risk of delivering an extremely premature infant. Data came from a longitudinal multiple case study investigation that examined the decision making and support needs of 40 families and their providers. Semistructured interviews were conducted before and after delivery. Divergent viewpoints of hope were found between parents and many HCPs and were subsequently coded using content analysis. Parents relied on hope as an emotional motivator, whereas most HCPs described parents’ notions of hope as out of touch with reality. Parents perceived that such divergent beliefs about the role of hope negatively shaped communicative interactions and reduced trust with some of their providers. A deeper understanding of how varying views of hope might shape communications will uncover future research questions and lead to theory-based interventions aimed at improving the process of discussing difficult news with parents.
Online Algorithm for Robots to Learn Object Concepts and Language Model

Humans form concept of objects by classifying them into categories, and acquire language by simultaneously interacting with others. Thus, the meaning of a word can be learned by connecting a recognized word to its corresponding concept. We consider this ability important for robots to flexibly develop knowledge of language and concepts. In this paper, we propose an online algorithm for robots to acquire knowledge of natural language and learn object concepts. A robot learns the language model from word sequences, which are obtained by the segmentation of phoneme sequences provided by a user, by using unsupervised word segmentation each time it is provided with a new object. Moreover, the robot acquires object concepts using these word sequences as well as multimodal information obtained by observing objects. The crucial aspect of our model is the interdependence of words and concepts: there is a high probability that the same words will be uttered to describe objects in the same category. By taking this relationship into account, our proposed method enables robots to acquire a more accurate language model and object concepts online. Experimental results verify this.
A Java-based home network middleware architecture supporting IEEE1394 and TCP/IP

IEEE1394 is a standard interface protocol for digital multimedia consumer devices and it also serves to construct home entertainment networks. To integrate home data and home entertainment networks, this paper proposes a Java-based middleware architecture supporting IEEE1394 and TCP/IP for digital home entertainment networks. The proposed architecture is able to provide interoperability between 1394-based services and TCP-based services, and accommodates multimedia service requirements in home network environments having various protocols and devices. In this architecture, we introduce a queueing mechanism to communicate with TCP/IP and IEEE1394, and it is fully compatible with Jini/spl trade/ network technology using TCP/IP.
The JAFARDD processor: a Java architecture based on a Folding Algorithm, with Reservation stations, Dynamic translation, and Dual processing

This paper presents the JAFARDD (a Java Architecture based on a Folding Algorithm, with Reservation stations, Dynamic translation, and Dual processing) processor. JAFARDD dynamically translates Java stack-dependent bytecodes to RISC-style stack-independent instructions to facilitate the use of a general-purpose RISC core. JAFARDD enables the exploitation of instruction level parallelism among the translated instructions by the use of bytecode folding coupled with Tomasulo's algorithm. We detail the JAFARDD architecture and the global architecture design principles observed while designing each pipeline module. We also illustrate the flow of the Java bytecodes through each of the processing phases. Benchmarking of JAFARDD using SPECjvm98 has shown a performance improvement between 1.10 and 2.25.
Trend and prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in rural teaching institute, south India

Background: The magnitude of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) varies from country to country depending on TTI’s load in that particular population. The aim of the study was to study the trend and prevalence of sero-markers among blood donors in one of the tertiary health center in south India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed from 2004 to 2010 in a blood bank of teaching hospital in South India. All blood donors who presented to blood bank during the study period were included. Data regarding demography and serological tests were collected on predesigned proforma. Results: There were a total of 6939 blood donors during study period. Out of these, 94(1.35%) were positive for sero-markers for TTIs. The number of blood donors as well as sero-positivity increased from year 2004 to 2010. Conclusions: Trend and sero-prevalence of TTIs increased over period of time. Sero-positivity for TTIs decreased from year 2004 to 2010. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3. 6022 JPN 2012; 2(3): 203-206
60 GHz wireless communication systems with radio-over-fiber links for indoor wireless LANs

We have demonstrated a broadband radio-over-fiber communication system transmitting wireless signals at the millimeter-wave bands. The system incorporated 25 km of an optical intermediate frequency feeder. 60 GHz orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal transmission at 155 Mbps with a bit error rate (BER) of less than 10/sup -6/ was achieved within the system cell of a radius of 2.6 m under the channel condition of line-of-sight with choke horn antennas. SNR enhancement of 6 dB for a BER level of 10/sup -6/ was achieved with the forward error correction code, simultaneous synchronization, and channel estimation algorithm.
An efficient and secure fault-tolerant conference-key distribution scheme

An original approach to establish a computationally secure and robust conference key between multiple users is presented, which is built on known secret sharing schemes and requires the authenticated and encrypted point-to-point channels between servers and users. By running of the protocol, every honest user of a given conference can get a common key, even if a minority of the servers malfunction or misbehave. This scheme does not rely on any unproven cryptographic assumptions or on the availability of any tamper-proof hardware. By using zero knowledge proof, any corrupted information and incorrect results can be detected. And by distributing the sensitive security information across several servers and never reconstructing any key at a single location, the compromise of a few servers will not compromise the privacy of any key. Analysis shows that under the assumption of a Diffie-Hellman decisional problem, a passive adversary gets zero knowledge about the conference key, and in the random oracle model, an active adversary cannot impersonate successfully. We have implemented the scheme in a distributed environment. By conducting a number of experiments in the fault-free case and various fault scenarios, we show that it has an acceptable performance of practicability.
A Step towards EEG-based brain computer interface for autism intervention

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and costly neurodevelopmental disorder. Individuals with ASD often have deficits in social communication skills as well as adaptive behavior skills related to daily activities. We have recently designed a novel virtual reality (VR) based driving simulator for driving skill training for individuals with ASD. In this paper, we explored the feasibility of detecting engagement level, emotional states, and mental workload during VR-based driving using EEG as a first step towards a potential EEG-based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) for assisting autism intervention. We used spectral features of EEG signals from a 14-channel EEG neuroheadset, together with therapist ratings of behavioral engagement, enjoyment, frustration, boredom, and difficulty to train a group of classification models. Seven classification methods were applied and compared including Bayes network, naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest, and J48. The classification results were promising, with over 80% accuracy in classifying engagement and mental workload, and over 75% accuracy in classifying emotional states. Such results may lead to an adaptive closed-loop VR-based skill training system for use in autism intervention.