Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Latency, Energy, and Reliability of 1T1R ReRAM Through Cross-Layer Techniques

Resistive RAM (ReRAM) has fast access time, ultra-low stand-by power and high reliability, making it a viable memory technology to replace DRAM in main memory. The 1-transistor-1-resistor (1T1R) ReRAM array has density comparable to that of a DRAM array and the advantages of lower programming energy and higher reliability compared to the ReRAM cross-point array. However, 1T1R ReRAM array has significantly lower lifetime compared to a DRAM array. In this paper, we show how cross-layer techniques can be used to improve reliability of 1T1R array with minimum latency and energy cost. At the circuit level, we show how voltage settings (pulse amplitude and pulse width) of word-line (WL), bit-line (BL), and source-line (SL) can be used to lower latency, lower energy consumption and improve reliability. We also show how appropriate choice of voltage settings can help reduce retention and endurance errors while minimizing energy. At the architecture level, we propose a new bit-flipping scheme that helps reduce the Bit Error Rate (BER) even further. We show how application of circuit-level and architecture-level techniques makes it possible to achieve a lifetime of 10 years with a simple BCH (t=2) code. Finally, we evaluate the system-level performances of a 1GB ReRAM and 1GB DRAM memory system using CACTI and GEM5. Simulation results using SPEC CPU INT 2006 and DaCapo-9.12 benchmarks show that the proposed ReRAM based main memory can improve Instruction Per Cycle (IPC) by 5.2% and energy by up to 72% compared to a DRAM memory system.
Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: Case study Tunisia

This paper is a comparisation study between an experimental data and Matlab simulation of output PV characteristic affected by the orientation and the tilt angle of a photovoltaic solar module with inclined plane and by the dimension of the panel. The PV panel was rotated towards the east, south and west and positioned for the angles 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°. In this position, the values of current, voltage and power are measured. In the other side, using the mathematical model to calculate the solar radiation incident on an inclined surface as a function of the tilt angle was developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK model. The optimum angles were determined as positions in which maximum values of solar irradiation and maximum power were registered to characterize the P-V and V-I photovoltaic panel.
Understanding the molecular biology of myeloma and its therapeutic implications

Myeloma develops due to the accumulation of multiple pathological genetic events, many of which have been defined. Hyperdiploidy and reciprocal translocations centered on the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region constitute primary genetic lesions. These primary lesions co-operate with secondary genetic events including chromosomal deletions and gains, gene mutations and epigenetic modifiers such as DNA methylation to produce the malignant phenotype of myeloma. Some of these events have been linked with distinct clinical outcome and can be used to define patient groups. This review explores the molecular biology of myeloma and identifies how genetic lesions can be used to define high- and low-risk patient groups, and also defines potential targets for therapy. The authors also explore how this information can be used to guide therapeutic decision-making and the design and interpretation of clinical trials, both now and in the future.
One-pot synthesis of hierarchical porous layered hybrid materials based on aluminosilicate sheets and organic functional pillars

Layered hybrid materials (LHMs) based on ordered silicoaluminate sheets linked with organic fragments, perpendicularly located and stabilized in the interlayer space, were synthesized by a one-pot direct hydrothermal process in the absence of structural directing agents (SDAs) and using bridged silsesquioxanes as organosilicon precursors. By following the synthesis described here, the preliminary preparation of inorganic layered precursors, post-synthesis swelling and/or pillaring treatments can be avoided. The physico-chemical and structural characteristics of the materials were studied by chemical and thermogravimetrical analyses, X-ray diffraction, TEM microscopy, spectroscopic techniques (NMR and FTIR) and textural measurements. The complete exchange of intracrystalline sodium cations by protons, without substantial structural alteration of the hybrid materials, facilitated the generation of hybrid materials, which contained acid and base sites located in the inorganic (silicoaluminate layers) and in the organic interlayer linkers, respectively, with the resultant acid–base materials showing promise as active and selective catalysts.
Efeito do tabagismo, atividade física e obesidade sobre os valores de proteína C reativa em adultos jovens de ambos os sexos: coorte de 12 meses

Objectives: To evaluate the behavior of some inflammatory markers after a follow up of 12 months in young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and subsequently a 12-month cohort of 107 subjects of both sexes. All potential participants selected were inserted in the experiment to fit the inclusion criteria: (i) aged between 30 and 50 years; (ii) no previous history of stroke or heart attack; (iii) without amputation or visual problem arising from diabetes mellitus. Initially, the experiment consisted of three questionnaires (anamnesis [history of illness, medication use, diet and smoking habits and alcohol]). In all participants were measured: (i) anthropometric (body weight, height and waist circumference), (ii) body composition (ray absorptiometry dual energy), (iii) pedometrics (used for a period of seven days, which was set at waist height and only removed in the hours of sleep and while bathing), (iv) blood pressure and (v) biochemical analysis (glucose, insulin and C-reactive ultrasensitive). All experimental procedures scheduled for two phases: the initial (n = 122) and after 12 months (n = 107). Results: Smoker adults (57.1% [95%CI= 35.9% to 78.3%]) had higher occurrence of high inflammation than those non-smoker adults (25.6% [95%CI= 16.3% to 34.8%] with p-value= 0.012). Smoking remained associated with high values of inflammation during the cohort (OR= 3.87 [95%CI= 1.44 to 10.44]), even after adjustments by PAL (OR= 0.23 [95%CI= 0.06 to 0.92]), %BF (OR= 2.96 [95%CI= 1.13 to 7.74]) and HOMA-IR (OR= 1.63 [95%CI= 0.60 to 4.43]). Conclusion: Smoking was associated with maintenance of high levels of PCR and that excess fat and physical inactivity both contribute independently to maintain this inflammatory process.
DENTAL INDICATORS OF DIET AND HEALTH FOR THE POSTCLASSIC COASTAL MAYA ON WILD CANE CAY, BELIZE

Abstract Dental indicators of health and subsistence for Postclassic Maya from the island site of Wild Cane Cay, off the coast of southern Belize, are examined. A total of 213 teeth were recovered from 26 individuals in Fighting Conch Mound. This survey documents dental wear, calculus, alveolar resorption, caries, and alveolar abscesses. This study excludes deciduous teeth. The total sample examined in this study contains 188 teeth from 19 adults. In general, the dental sample indicates a healthier diet than what the inland contemporaries of the Fighting Conch Mound individuals were consuming, as shown by lower rates of several pathologies. The dental data support the interpretation that the healthy diet of the Wild Cane Cay Maya was a function of their island setting in the Caribbean. Plant and animal remains generally corroborate the dental findings.
The effect of a preceding stimulus on temporal facilitation at corticomotoneuronal synapses

1. Intracellular recordings were made of minimal corticomotoneuronal e.p.s.p.s in lumbar motoneurones of anaesthetized monkeys. For intervals of 2 msec and greater between paired cortical shocks, the average time course of facilitation of the second e.p.s.p. with respect to the first could be fitted closely by a negative exponential with a time constant of 10 msec.
Antigenic Diversity of Haemophilus somnus Lipooligosaccharide: Phase-Variable Accessibility of the Phosphorylcholine Epitope

ABSTRACT The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Haemophilus somnusundergoes antigenic phase variation, which may facilitate evasion from the bovine host immune response and/or colonization and dissemination. However, LOS antigenic diversity in H. somnus has not been adequately investigated. In this study, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to various LOS epitopes were used to investigate antigenic variation and stability in LOS from H. somnus strains and phase variants. Clinical isolates of H. somnus exhibited intrastrain, as well as interstrain, antigenic heterogeneity in LOS when probed with MAbs to outer core oligosaccharide epitopes in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, epitopes reactive with MAbs directed predominately to the inner core heptose region were highly conserved. At least one epitope, which was expressed in few strains, was identified. One LOS component affected by phase variation was identified as phosphorylcholine (PCho), which is linked to the primary glucose residue. Inhibition ELISA, immunoblotting, and electrospray-mass spectrometry were used to confirm that MAb 5F5.9 recognized PCho. LOS reactivity with MAb 5F5.9 was associated with loss of most of the outer core oligosaccharide, indicating that reactivity with PCho was affected by phase variation of the glycose residues in this region. Our results indicate that outer core epitopes of H. somnus LOS exhibit a high degree of random, phase-variable antigenic heterogeneity and that such heterogeneity must be considered in the design of vaccines and diagnostic tests.
A probabilistic clustering method for data elements with normal distributed attributes

ABSTRACT By considering uncertainty in the attributes common methods cannot be applicable in data clustering. In the recent years, many researches have been done by considering fuzzy concepts to interpolate the uncertainty. But when data elements attributes have probabilistic distributions, the uncertainty cannot be interpreted by fuzzy theory. In this article, a new concept for clustering of elements with predefined probabilistic distributions for their attributes has been proposed, so each observation will be as a member of a cluster with special probability. Two metaheuristic algorithms have been applied to deal with the problem. Squared Euclidean distance type has been considered to calculate the similarity of data elements to cluster centers. The sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed approach will converge to the classic approaches results when the variance of each point tends to be zero. Moreover, numerical analysis confirms that the proposed approach is efficient in clustering of probabilistic data.
The B cell surface molecule B1 is functionally linked with B cell activation and differentiation.

The B1 molecule is a 32,000 m.w. phosphorylated cell surface protein expressed exclusively by B cells from the mid pre-B until the plasma cell stage of differentiation. Two monoclonal antibodies (gamma 2a and mu) reactive with this molecule were used to assess the role of B1 in B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. The anti-B1 antibodies at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml significantly inhibited B cell proliferation induced by anti-mu antibodies, Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain 1, activated T cells, and Epstein Barr virus. Although capable of inhibiting proliferation, anti-B1 antibody in soluble form or coupled to beads did not activate B cells or induce proliferation. Antibodies of comparable isotypes or against other B cell-restricted antigens, including B2, B4, B5, and HB-5, did not inhibit activation. Pretreatment of B cells with anti-B1 antibody did not inhibit activation, indicating that B cells had to be cultured with anti-B1 antibody for anti-B1-mediated inhibition to occur. Maximum inhibition was obtained when anti-B1 antibody was added at the initiation of culture. In agreement with this, growth factor-dependent proliferation of preactivated B cells was not inhibited by anti-B1 antibodies. Comparable inhibition of B cell activation was noted with antibodies reactive with class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex with the exception that anti-B1 antibody inhibited immunoglobulin secretion in pokeweed mitogen assays, whereas anti-DR antibody did not. These results suggest that the B1 molecule may serve a central role in the regulation of B cell activation and differentiation.
Investigating the impacts of energy storage systems on transmission expansion planning

Increased electricity demand coupled with investment in renewable-based generating units has resulted in problems such as transmission congestion and load shedding in modern power systems. In this situation, transmission expansion planning (TEP) studies plays a key role in dealing with the aforementioned problems. On the other hand, deployment of energy storage systems (ESSs) has been regarded as a viable solution for effective exploitation of renewable resources. In this context, this paper develops a novel framework to investigate the impacts of storage facilitates on the transmission expansion planning problem. The presented framework is decomposed to investment and operation subproblems and total costs are minimized over the planning horizon. The proposed framework is implemented on Garver - IEEE test system and 4 Cases are defined for detailed investigation. The obtained results verify the benefits of incorporating ESSs in TEP problem.
Intracellular replication of Staphylococcus aureus in mature phagolysosomes in macrophages precedes host cell death, and bacterial escape and dissemination

The success of Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogen is partly attributable to its ability to thwart host innate immune responses, which includes resisting the antimicrobial functions of phagocytes. Here, we have studied the interaction of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain USA300 with murine RAW 264.7 and primary human macrophages using molecular imaging and single cell analysis to obtain an unprecedented understanding of the interaction between the macrophage and MRSA. Herein we demonstrate that macrophages fail to control intracellular infection by MRSA USA300 despite trafficking the bacteria into mature phagolysosomes. Using fluorescence‐based proliferation assays we also show that intracellular staphylococci proliferate and that replication commences while the bacteria are residing in mature phagolysosomes hours after initial phagocytosis. Finally, live‐cell fluorescence video microscopy allowed for unprecedented visual insight into the escape of MRSA from macrophages, demonstrating that the macrophages die through a pathway characterized by membrane blebbing and activation of caspase‐3 followed by acquisition of the vital dye propidium iodide. Moreover, cell death precedes the emergence of MRSA from infected macrophages, and these events can be ablated by prolonged exposure of infected phagocytes to gentamicin.
Chest Pain and Associated Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Coronary heart disease is the primary health risk for all Americans. Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is the term used to denote any 1 of 3 clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease: unstable angina, non–ST elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-elevation MI. The major challenge to healthcare providers is the rapid and accurate identification of patients with ACS who would benefit from immediate thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary interventions. The purpose of this article is to describe the incidence, causes, risk factors, assessment, and diagnosis of patients presenting with ACS as well as current recommendations for nurses who treat patients with ACS.
Immunologic Complementation between Thymus and Marrow Cells—A Model for the Two‐Cell Theory of Immunocompetence

Antibody production is a complex series of events beginning with the introduction of the antigen and ending with the production of specific antibody. In recent years, a mountain of information has been gathered concerning the events of antibody production. If one looks at the immune process as a sequence, it is clear that some phases are understood better than others. In particular, the terminal events appear to have been well worked out, such as the structure and specificity of the antibodies and the immunoglobulin classes to which they belong. Looking at somewhat earlier events, we recognize that the cells making those antibodies belong to the lymphoid system. The precise nature of these cells, however, is not known, although recent studies have implicated the small lymphocyte and its descendants, including the plasma cell (Gowans & McGregor 1965). Still earlier events in the immune response are even less well understood, including the mode of action of antigen perhaps the crucial problem.
Mental and physical health-related functioning mediates between psychological job demands and sickness absence among nurses Corn

Aims. To investigate whether health-related functioning mediates the effect of psychological job demands on sickness absence in nurses. Background. Nurses face high job demands that can have adverse health effects resulting in sickness absence. Design. Prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up. Methods. Data for 2964 Norwegian nurses were collected in the period 2008– 2010. At baseline, psychological job demands were measured with the Demand– Control–Support Questionnaire. Health-related functioning was assessed by the Mental Composite Score and the Physical Composite Score of the SF-12 Health Survey (2nd version). Sickness absence (no = 0, yes = 1) was self-reported at 1-year follow-up. Interaction and mediation analyses were conducted stratified by tenure (<1-year, 1–2 years, 3–6 years, >6 years) as a registered nurse. Results. A total of 2180 nurses (74%) with complete data were eligible for analysis. A significant three-way interaction between job demands, control and support was found in newly licensed nurses (tenure <1-year). Baseline psychological job demands were positively associated with sickness absence at 1-year follow-up. This association was substantially weakened when Mental Composite Score and Physical Composite Score were introduced as mediator variables, indicating a partial mediation effect that was particularly pronounced in newly licensed nurses. Psychological job demands did not modify the effect of health-related functioning on sickness absence. Conclusion. Both mental and physical health-related functioning mediated between psychological job demands and sickness absence. Nurse managers should pay attention to health-related functioning, because poor health-related functioning may predict sickness absence, especially in newly licensed nurses.
Patterns in the daily diary of the 41st president, George Bush

Patterns in the Daily Diary of the 41 President, George Bush. (December 2005) Shreyas Kumar, B. Arch., I.I. T. Roorkee Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Frank M. Shipman, III This thesis explores interfaces for locating and comprehending patterns among time-based materials in digital libraries. Time-based digital library materials are like other digital library materials in that they are comprised of data and metadata. In addition, they have a time or period of time attached to each data item. The specific focus of this thesis is on fine-granularity items – items that have relatively little data and cover brief periods of time. In such a context, people often are left to discern patterns of activity by retrospectively making sense of the collection or parts thereof. The specific domain chosen for the implementation is the daily diary of President George Bush, the 41st president of the USA. This project developed a searching and browsing interface, which allows people to study the relationship between activities and people in the library data. As part of this thesis, a corpus of the Presidential daily diary was digitized. Two interfaces were provided to this corpus, one based on a standard information retrieval engine (Greenstone) and another presenting time-based visualizations of data items. An evaluation was conducted to explore the relative strengths and weaknesses of these two interfaces.
Amyloidosis of the eyelid and conjunctiva.

Amyloidosis may be considered a group of disorders of diverse etiology and pathogenesis that have in common certain characteristic histopathologic features. Their essential unifying characteristic is the deposition in various tissues of a hyaline substance that can be distinguished from other types of hyalin by use of appropriate histopathologic technics. The exact nature of amyloid remains to be determined, however, and, in fact, there is reason for believing that amyloid deposits vary in composition sufficiently to form a spectrum from typical amyloid to nonspecific hyalin. The term "paramyloid" has been introduced to designate hyaline deposits that give atypical or inconsistent staining reactions for amyloid. Several recent publications 1-6 have reviewed the various concepts of the nature and pathogenesis of amyloidosis, but the clinicopathologic classification offered by Reimann and co-workers 7 30 years ago continues to enjoy general acceptance: Primary amyloidosis, in which there is no known predisposing disease, characterized
USE OF VALUE OF INFORMATION IN UK HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify and critically appraise the use of Value of Information (VOI) analyses undertaken as part of health technology assessment (HTA) reports in England and Wales. Methods: A systematic review of National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) funded HTA reports published between 2004 and 2013 identified the use of VOI methods and key analytical details in terms of: (i) types of VOI methodology used; (ii) parameters and key assumptions; and (iii) conclusions drawn in terms of the need for further research. Results: A total of 512 HTA reports were published during the relevant timeframe. Of these, 203 reported systematic review and economic modeling studies and 25 of these had used VOI method(s). Over half of the twenty-five studies (n = 13) conducted both EVPI (Expected Value of Perfect Information) and EVPPI (Expected Value of Partial Perfect Information) analyses. Eight studies conducted EVPI analysis, three studies conducted EVPI, EVPPI, and EVSI (Expected Value of Sampling Information) analyses and one study conducted EVSI analysis only. The level of detail reporting the methods used to conduct the VOI analyses varied. Conclusions: This review has shown that the frequency of the use of VOI methods is increasing at a slower pace compared with the published volume of HTA reports. This review also suggests that analysts reporting VOI method(s) in HTA reports should aim to describe the method(s) in sufficient detail to enable and encourage decision-makers guiding research prioritization decisions to use the potentially valuable outputs from quantitative VOI analyses.
A Multiple Deep Trench Isolation Structure with Voltage Divider Biasing

We present an isolation structure with multiple rings of deep trenches, which has proven to have an excellent latchup suppression capability. The regions between the trenches are contacted, allowing to increase the blocking voltage of the structure by applying an appropriate bias arrangement. A simple model to predict the optimal bias voltages is derived, and compared to TCAD simulations and measurements.