Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wound Infection and Antibiotic sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolates

BACKGROUND Wound infection occurs if the integrity and protective function of the skin is breached. Most bacteria, certain viruses (e. g. Herpes virus), Fungi (e.g.Candida albicans) are responsible for wound infection. A retrospective study was designed to isolate and identify the causative agents of wound infection as well as to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. METHOD 852 pus samples were collected and immediately inoculated on Blood agar and Mac Conkey agar plates. Then the culture plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24 hours. After incubation, all isolates were identi fied by using Gram stain and biochemical methods. Sensitivity tests were performed on Mueller Hinton agar plate by Kirby Bauer’s Disc Diffusion Technique. RESULT During the study period (January 2008- July 2009), a total of 852 samples were analyzed. Among 852 samples, 426(50%) showed positive growth. Fifteen different bacterial species were isolated. The most frequent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (41.31%) followed by Escherichia coli (20.89%), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (15.72%),Streptococcus viridans(9.62%),Citrobacter species(4.92%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(3.52%) ,Enterobacter species(2.11%), Pseudomonas species (1.87%), Proteus mirabilis(0.93%), Proteus vulgaris(0.93%),Streptococcus pyogens(0.70%), Klebsiella species( 0.46%), Salmonella typhi( 0.23%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae(0.23%). In invitro sensitivity test of the isolates showed that Cloxacillin (98.53%) and Erythromycin (97.06%) were the most effective antibiotics for Gram positive bacteria and Amoxycillin (65.20%) was the least effective antibiotic. Escherichia coliwas the most sensitive to Amikacin (94.38%) followed by Gentamycin (82.02%). All other Gram negative isolates were also the most sensitive to Amikacin (88.88%) followed by Gentamycin (73.85%). Amoxycillin (26.79%) was the least sensitive antibiotic in this study. CONCLUSION The most common isolate in wound infection was Staphylococcus aureus followed byEscherichia coli(E.coli),Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus viridans,Citrobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosaand others. On invitro sensitivity testing, Cloxacillin and the Erythromycin were the most effective antibiotics for Gram positive isolates and Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic for Gram negative bacteria Key Words: Wound infection,Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
Expression of Recombinant Fusion Protein from Local Isolate of Newcastle Disease Virus and Antibody Response to Recombinant Fusion Protein in Broiler Chickens Post-Vaccination

This research aimed to express and purify the recombinant Fusion (F) protein of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) from a local isolate in Galur, Kulon Progo, Indonesia (0663/04/2013) from recombinant vector plasmid pBT7-N-His F, and to study the antibody response in the broiler sera which were injected with pure recombinant F protein compared with treated broilers that were vaccinated with commercial inactive NDV vaccines and control broilers without vaccination. The results showed that the recombinant F protein of NDV was successfully expressed, purified and visualized by SDS-PAGE with Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining and Westernblotting methods as a specific recombinant F protein with a molecular weight of 28 kDa. The pure recombinant F protein then was injected into broilers to determine the antibody response in broiler serum. Indirect ELISA showed that the production of antibodies was high in F protein vaccinated groups in comparison with other treated and control groups. The recombinant F protein has potential to be developed as a recombinant vaccine candidate after truncating the 6x His-tag part to obtain higher antibody respond if compared with antibody production in broiler serum post vaccinated with some commercially available broiler vaccines.
Evaluation of Multi-Modal Tactile Feedback in Prosthetic Limbs

While substantial research efforts have been put forth to advance the mechatronics and control of prosthetic hands, little attention has been paid to restoring the sensory functions of tactile feedback to amputees. It is known that the human hand when unable to feel through either disease or induced anesthesia becomes incapable of performing a number of essential dexterous tasks. Therefore, it is proposed that prosthetic hands without these capabilities will be no better. Tactile sensing in the human hand can be used for both autonomous reflexes and conscious perception. In a previous study we had explored using tactile sensing for autonomous reflexes to enable fragile object grasping [1], in this study we evaluate the benefits and performance in conscious perception of multimodal tactile information. A prosthetic hand equipped with a BioTac sensor (capable of sensing force, vibration and temperature) and multi-modal tactors developed to play back this information on a subject’s forearm were used to evaluate perception in tactile discrimination experiments. Results showed that this system able to effectively convey information to the prosthesis user to identify and discriminate objects of different weight, temperature, thermal properties, or surface texture when they were placed between the subject’s prosthetic fingertips. While this system was effective at providing useful perceptual feedback, the subject indicated that the majority of the tactors were distracting and would be undesirable for day-to-day use.
Stigma-surface Esterase Activity and Stigma Receptivity in Some Taxa Characterized by Wet Stigmas

Stigma-surface esterase activity and stigma receptivity through a sequence of developmental stages of the pistil have been studied in four taxa characterized by having wet stigmas-Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana tabacum, Crinum defixum and Amaryllis vittata. The style is solid in the first two and hollow in the latter two taxa. In all the taxa, stigma-surface esterase could be detected in a thin surface layer (pellicle) from a very early stage of pistil development, irrespective of the presence or absence of the exudate. However, the taxa showed variation in stigma receptivity. In Petunia and Nicotiana, stigmas from pistils of all the stages supported pollen germination and tube growth. In Amaryllis and Crinum, stigmas of only the mature pistils, when the exudate is present on the stigma, supported normal pollen germination and tube growth. It is inferred that in taxa characterized by a wet stigma and solid style, the factors required for pollen germination are present from an early stage of pistil development and the exudate per se is not involved in pollen germination. In taxa characterized by a wet stigma and hollow style, however, the pellicle does not carry the factors required for pollen germination and tube growth; they appear to be present in the exudate.
A review of methods for mapping and prediction of inventory attributes for operational forest management

Forest inventory attributes are an important source of information for a variety of strategic and tactical forest management purposes. However, it is not possible or feasible for field inventories to be conducted contiguously across large areas, especially at a resolution fine enough to be useful for operational management. Therefore, a large number of quantitative modeling and prediction methods have been and are being developed and applied to predict and map forest attributes, with the goal of providing an accurate, spatially continuous, and detailed information base for practitioners of forestry and ecosystem management. This article reviews the most commonly used prediction techniques in the context of a comprehensive modeling framework that includes a discussion of methods, data sources, variable selection, and model validation. The methods discussed include regression, nearest neighbor, artificial neural networks, decision trees, and ensembles such as random forest. No single technique is revealed as universally superior for predicting forest inventory attributes; the ideal approach depends on goals, available training and ancillary data, and the modeler’s interest in tradeoffs between realism and statistical considerations. Useful ancillary data included in the models tend to include climate and topographic variables as well as vegetation indices derived from optical remote sensing systems such as Landsat. However, the use of airborne LiDAR in modeling of forest inventory attributes is increasing rapidly and shows promise for operational forest management applications. Different considerations are encapsulated within a generalized model development framework that provides a structure against which tradeoffs can be evaluated.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Dental Interns and Dentists on Implants and Implant-Retained Restorations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Department of Preventive Dentistry, Dental Public Health Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Department of Dentistry, General Dentist, Alfarabi College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Department of Dentistry, Alfarabi College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Department of Dentistry, General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 7 Department of Dentistry, General Dentist, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
EVALUATION OF ENERGY BALANCE OF FRIESIAN X BUNAJI DAIRY COWS USING MILK COMPOSITION BASED INDICATOR TRAITS

The potentials of using milk composition as indicators of energy balance (EB) in dairy cows were evaluated. Milk composition traits (milk protein, fat and lactose percentages) from thirteen (13) primiparous and 47 multiparous (F1) Friesian x Bunaji cows were studied. The milk composition was analyzed weekly from 4 to 300 days postpartum. The analyzed percentage milk fat, protein and lactose were used to calculate the other milk composition parameters. The mean estimates of EB based on milk measures for all the 3 stages of lactation were positive. However, the magnitude of the average estimates of the EB increased with stages of lactation; 21.99, 46.514 and 59.097MJ/d for stages 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The magnitude and direction of the correlations between EB and milk composition traits varied across stages of lactation; the correlation coefficient was relatively stronger in the 3rd stage than the 1st and 2nd stages of lactation. The potential indicators of EB identified from this study were the protein contained variables, such as milk protein content (MPC), fat-protein ratio (FPR), change in milk protein content (dmPc), change in fat-protein ratio (dFPR) and change in protein-lactose ratio (dPLR). These variables had strong relationship with EB both within and across lactation stages. However, dmPc seems to be the variable most common to all of these potential milk production variables. It had very strong and positive relationship with EB both within and across lactation stages. This suggested that high milk protein is associated with positive EB, while the decrease in milk protein content is associated with negative energy balance (NEB). Therefore, the dynamics of changes in milk composition measures during lactation could be used to monitor the EB status of dairy cows. Keywords : Crossbred cows, Friesian x Bunaji cows, Dairy, Lactation stages, Milk protein content, Energy balance, Indicators, Fat-protein ratio, Protein-lactose ratio
SCATTERHOARDING AND LARDERHOARDING BY RED SQUIRRELS: SIZE, DISPERSION, AND ALLOCATION OF HOARDS

We quantified the degree of scatterhoarding and larderhoarding exhibited during late summer and early autumn by 10 individuals within a population of red squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus ) in the Cypress Hills, Alberta, Canada. All squirrels made extensive and obvious larderhoards in central middens. In addition, sampling quadrats and behavioral observations revealed that ca. 43% of total stores were scatterhoarded throughout territories. Across individuals, the number of cones scatterhoarded was related inversely to the number stored in the midden. Nearest-neighbor analyses indicated that cones were distributed in a spatially clumped manner throughout each territory. However, the hoards themselves, independent of size, tended to be dispersed randomly. Cones hoarded in middens did not differ from scatterhoarded cones in terms of content of seeds, nor were they treated differently by the squirrels in terms of carrying distance. At the end of our study, seasonal hoarding was not yet complete, but squirrels already had hoarded sufficient cones to meet their energetic requirements for ≥3 months. We conclude that the characteristic pattern of storage of food by red squirrels is a deliberate mixture of distinct larderhoarding and scatterhoarding tactics.
Assessing the Enrichment of Dietary Supplement Coverage in the UMLS

Objective : To assess the need for additional coverage of dietary supplements (DS) in the UMLS by investigating 1) the overlap between the iDISK DS ingredient terminology and the UMLS, and 2) the coverage of iDISK and the UMLS over DS mentions in the biomedical literature. Materials and Methods: We estimated the overlap between iDISK and the UMLS by mapping iDISK to the UMLS using exact and normalized strings. The coverage of iDISK and the UMLS over DS mentions in the biomedical literature was evaluated via a DS named-entity recognition (NER) task within PubMed abstracts. Results : The coverage analysis revealed that only 30% of iDISK terms can be matched to the UMLS, although these cover over 99% of iDISK concepts. A manual review revealed that a majority of the unmatched terms represented new synonyms, rather than lexical variants. For NER, iDISK nearly doubles the precision and achieves a higher F1 score than the UMLS, while maintaining a competitive recall. Discussion : While iDISK has significant concept overlap with the UMLS, it contains many novel synonyms. Furthermore, almost 3000 of these overlapping UMLS concepts are missing a DS designation, which could be provided by iDISK. The NER experiments show that the specialization of iDISK is useful for identifying DS mentions. Conclusion : Our results show that the DS representation in the UMLS could be enriched by adding DS designations to many concepts and by adding new synonyms.
SURGE ARRESTER'S LOCATION USING FUZZY LOGIC TECHNIQUES

As lightning surges are considered to be the most dangerous events in power distribution systems, the more we know about them the better we can select and coordinate protection devices. Moreover, a better knowledge of lightning surges gives rise to the accurate positioning of device protection, the reduction of insulation costs at installations and allows operation with well-known risks of failure. The development of a computer application based on fuzzy logic techniques, which allow the determination of the accurate position of the surge arrester in power systems, controls the risk of failure, thus permitting the selection of appropriate protection schemes for each network. As a consequence, protection costs are reduced in accordance with the costs of the elements actually protected and the continuity of service to be achieved.
Preparation and characterisation of electrospun composite nanofibre polyvinyl alcohol/ nanofibrillated cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches

Composite nanofibre polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) was prepared in this work reinforced with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) using an electrospinning technique. NFC was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) by steam explosion method followed by acid hydrolysis. A 12 wt% PVOH solution in distilled water was prepared under constant reflux at 80 oC for 5 h. Several concentrations of NFC were added to the polymer solution of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 wt%. The nano-dimension of NFC was analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology of electrospun nanofibre was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of PVOH nanofibre was smooth and uniform without beads. The presence of NFC in the PVOH nanofibre decreased the diameter. The morphology of PVOH/NFC nanofibre at a concentration of NFC 2.5% was fairly uniform with good quality. However, the preparation of PVOH/NFC nanofibre at concentrations of NFC 5.0% and 7.5% resulted in elliptical beads. The crystallinity of NFC and electrospinning nanofibre was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the thermal properties of the samples were analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that NFC improved the thermal stability of electrospun PVOH nanofibre.
Title : Identifying if input differences are developmentally meaningful : A look at complex syntactic input across socio-economic status Running Title : A look at complex syntactic input across socio-economic status

There’s much naturally-occurring variation in children’s input, but not all variation is developmentally meaningful – that is, variation that qualitatively impacts language development. While there are observed differences in input quantity and quality across socio-economic status (SES), it’s unclear how often these input differences are developmentally meaningful. We describe a new way to identify developmentally-meaningful input differences that harnesses developmental computational modeling, which allows us to identify which aspects of the input are used by children to learn specific linguistic knowledge. We then investigate if there’s developmentally-meaningful input variation across SES with respect to the complex syntactic knowledge called syntactic islands, which is used to form grammatical wh-questions. Using quantitative analysis and cognitive modeling to assess low-SES child-directed speech samples, we find that the relevant data for learning about syntactic islands in low-SES children’s input are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those of high-SES children. In particular, lowSES children’s input is predicted to also allow successful acquisition of syntactic island knowledge. Interestingly, at least one key building block for syntactic island knowledge comes from a different source in low-SES children’s input, but is crucially still present. This highlights an important qualitative input similarity across SES. Our results suggest that the linguistic evidence for more complex syntactic knowledge like syntactic islands, in contrast with more foundational linguistic knowledge, may not differ by SES. We discuss implications for linguistic development and adult syntactic knowledge variability across SES.
Speed of flapping flight of merlins and peregrine falcons

Flapping flight speed data were obtained for four Merlins (Falco columbarius) and six. Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) while they were being radio tracked during a migration study. The study involved over 16,000 km of observations of 29 birds and provided copious data on average speed in mixed or unknown flight modes. Merlins and peregrines usually soared during migration and seldom flew steadily on a straight path when hunting (Cochran 1975:33). This behavior severely limited opportunities for measuring speed of flapping flight. The data presented were obtained by a variety of radiotelemetric techniques (Cochran 1972, 1985) and were selected for periods when (1) the flight path was known to be approximately straight, (2) continuous telemetric and intermittent visual observation confirmed a flapping mode of flight, and (3) the birds were in approximately level flight below about 100-m altitude, where winds were measured and taken into account.
Adapting Unstructured Sparsity Techniques for Structured Sparsity

Unstructured and structured sparsities provide unique advantages in resource-efﬁcient sparse neural networks. Unstructured sparsity can assist in obtaining highly sparse and accurate models, while structured sparsity focuses mainly on enabling fast parallelizable inference on commodity hardware (e.g. GPUs). In the recent past, these distinctive advantages led to the divergence of the sub-ﬁelds leading to a disconnect. In this report, we propose and argue that most recent advances in unstructured sparsity can be adapted for inducing structured sparsity in deep neural networks. We also note the similarities between both these two sub-ﬁelds and document how the solutions from unstructured sparsity can be leveraged in solving the issues of structured sparsity. We also showcase the ease of adaptation by proposing STR − BN which is an application of the recently proposed STR method on batch normalization to induce structured sparsity via ﬁlter/neuron pruning. Code for STR − BN can be found at https:// github.com/RAIVNLab/STR-BN .
FATIGUE FOLLOWING BRAIN INJURY

IN THIS ISSUE – List of Articles: Fatigue Following Brain Injury J. Ponsford Examination of Brain Injury Thresholds in Terms of the Severity of Head Motion and the Brain Stresses A. Rezaei, G. Karami, M. Ziejewski Simulation and Clinical Assessment of Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury P. Taylor, J. Ludwigsen, A. Vakhtin, C. Ford Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries were Previously Undiagnosed, and Therefore Uncertain, and Damages Speculative R. Bitonite, K. Hecht, D. DeSanto, B. Tribuzio "As You are Now, So Once was I": A Reflection on Empathy when Working with Persons with Acquired Brain Injury C. Hartwell NeuroVive Pharma Updates on Cyclosporine's Progress toward Approval as a Pharmaceutical for Treating Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury S. Campbell, E. Elmer, M. Bronnegard Recent Articles of Note
Interventricular Communications of the Child: Retrospective Study of 293 Cases at
the Dakar Chu

Introduction Interventricular communications (IVC) are non-cyanogenic congenital heart defects with left-to-right shunt, characterized by dehiscence of the interventricular septum. They represent 20 to 30% of congenital heart diseases. Its etiology is unknown [1]. The diagnosis can be prenatal. In Africa, the diagnosis is often late (age> 1 year)(2). Currently, Doppler ultrasound is the benchmark examination for the diagnosis and monitoring of IVC. It determines the size and location of the defect. The treatment is variable and has two components: medical and surgical. Its main purpose is to close the defect and avoid complications. In untreated patients, the course may be favorable with spontaneous closure of the IVC. Elsewhere they can progress to obstructive pulmonary vascular disease and lead to the installation of Eisenmenger syndrome. Antibiotic prophylaxis for infectious endocarditis is an important factor in the survival of children. There are few studies focusing exclusively on IVC. Thus, our general objective was to carry out a study on isolated IVC.
Antecedents of organizational commitment of insurance agents: Job satisfaction, ethical behavior, and ethical climate

This research explored the impact of job satisfaction, the ethical behavior of coworkers, successful managers, and employees themselves. Also explored were six types of ethical climate on organizational commitment and its three dimensions, including affective, continuance, and normative commitment through an investigation on 476 Chinese insurance agents. The empirical results showed that ethical behavior of coworkers and a caring climate had a significantly positive impact on both organizational commitment and its three dimensions, while independence climate had no significant influence on overall organizational commitment or its three dimensions. Job satisfaction, ethical behavior of successful managers and employees themselves, and the other five types of ethical climates only had a significant impact on organizational commitment or some of its dimensions.