Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solubilization of Amobarbital by Mechanical Treatment in the Presence of Diluents

Amobarbital was ball-milled, triturated, mortar-ground or stamp-milled in the absence or in the presence of various kinds of diluents, and the variation of solubility of amobarbital from these samples in the KH2PO4-Na2HPO4 buffer solution of pH of 6.0 at 30°was investigated. It was suggested from the results of the elemental analysis, measurement of the mass spectra and the infrared spectra, and the chemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography that amobarbital in the mechanically treated mixtures of precipitated silica or carbon black was hydrolyzed by the addition of water. It was also suggested that amobarbital decomposed or formed complex by ball-milling in the presence of potato starch. But, it was considered that decomposition of amobarbital by the mechanical treatment in the absence and in the presence of the other diluents was negligible. Solubility of amobarbital in the buffer solution increased by mechanical treatment in the presence of methyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose. It was considered that solubilization of amobarbital was related to the decrease in the intensity of the signals of amobarbital in the X-ray diffraction diagrams and dropping of the melting point of amobarbital by mechanical treatment in the presence of the diluent. It was also considered that solubilization of amobarbital was due to the interaction with the diluent in the suspension caused by mechanical treatment and to the kind of the crystal structure of amobarbital formed by recrystalization after dissolution.
POLYACRYLAMIDE APPLICATION IN IRRIGATION WATER OT INCREASE INFILTRATION

Polyacrylamide was tested on furrow-irrigated cotton to assess its ability to improve infiltration on a Holtville silty clay loam (50% clay fraction consisting of 45% montmorillonite). Application was more effective as dilute solution in irrigation water than as dry powder on the soil surface. Solution concentration of 25, 50, and 150 mg L-1 (6.6, 13.3, and 32.2 kg ha-1) were tested; the highest amount increased the infiltration rate of subsequent irrigations by 30 to 57% during the first 4 h. Final infiltration rate (after 12 h) and total water infiltrated were not increased by the polyacrylamide application, indicating that surface-sealing is not the limiting factor to permeability of soils with a high fraction of swelling clay.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

The sections in this article are Introduction Principles of Operation Feedback Mode Generation/Collection Mode and Potentiometric SECM Penetration Experiments Equilibrium Perturbation Mode SECM Imaging Instrumentation Apparatus Tips Theory Numerical Simulation of SECM Experiments Finite Difference Methods Integral Equations Finite Element Methods Steady State SECM Experiments Diffusion-Controlled Reactions Finite Kinetics Generation-Collection Mode Transient SECM Experiments Potential Step Techniques Miscellaneous Techniques Selected Applications Solid–Liquid Interfaces Corrosion Semiconductors Conductive Polymers Immobilized Enzymes Dissolution of Ionic Crystals Liquid–Liquid and Liquid–Gas Interfaces Electron Transfer at the ITIES Ion Transfer at the ITIES Transfer of Neutral Molecules Applications in the Life Sciences Intact Plants and Single Cultivated Cells Calcium and Superoxide Measurements Imaging Mass Transport in Biological Systems Microfabrication Methods Based on Direct Current Flow Between Tip and Substrate Methods Based on Feedback or Localized Generation of Reagents Single Molecule Electrochemistry Advances in SECM Imaging Constant Height Imaging Constant Current Imaging High-Resolution SECM Imaging Acknowledgments
ortho‐Rearrangements of o‐alkylphenoxide anions

The collision-induced mass spectra of the o-methyl and o-ethylphenoxide anions show loss of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, respectively. These processes are rationalized in terms of a reversible rearrangement o-RC6H4O− ⇌ [(C6H4)−OR] (R = alkyl).
The Elements of Environmental Pollution

1. Pollution 2. Carbon (C) 3. Nitrogen (N) 4. Phosphorus (P) 5. Sulfur (S) 6. Arsenic (As) 7. Bromine (Br) 8. Cadmium (Cd) 9. Chlorine (Cl) 10. Chromium (Cr) 11. Copper (Cu) 12. Fluorine (F) 13. Lead (Pb) 14. Mercury (Hg) 15. Nickel (Ni) 16. Selenium (Se) 17. Tin (Sn) 18. Uranium (U) 19. Zinc (Zn) 20. Additional Environmental Pollutants
Les résultats préliminaires de la reconstruction du cotyle dans les prothèses totales de la hanche (à propos de 18 cas)

M. Professeur M. Professeur . AFIFI MY ABDRRAHMANE Professeur M. HARZY TAOUFIK Professeur CHAKOUR KHALID. d’Anatomie ELMRINI ABDELMAJID. agrégé de Traumatologie-orthopédie M . agrégé de Chirurgie pédiatrique . agrégé de Rhumatologie JUGES PRESIDENT
Microwave-assisted digestion using diluted acid and base solutions for plant analysis by ICP OES

A new sample preparation procedure for the determination of Si in plant materials by ICP OES is proposed. A two-step digestion procedure employing diluted solutions of HNO3 (1.0 mol L−1) and NaOH (1.5 mol L−1) was applied for digesting plant samples. Limits of detection and quantification for Si were 56 and 186 μg g−1, respectively. A comparative study was done to evaluate the accuracy of the developed procedure by comparing the results obtained for Si in five sugar cane leaf samples with those obtained by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (μED-XRF) and according to a t-test the results agreed at the 95% confidence level. To verify the versatility of the procedure, Si, Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, S, and Zn were simultaneously determined in plant materials. The analytes were quantified in four certified reference materials: apple leaves (NIST 1515), tomato leaves (NIST 1573), white cabbage powder (BCR-679), and bush branches and leaves (NCS DC 73349) for accuracy assessment. All recoveries were in the range of 91.0–109% and all results agreed at the 95% confidence level (t-test) with certified concentrations. Foliar diagnosis was performed to demonstrate the applicability of the developed procedure for leaves of sugar cane, corn, soy and alfalfa. The proposed procedure is simple, versatile, reliable and safe for the determination of Si, macro- and micro-nutrients in plants by ICP OES.
Erythrocyte: Programmed Cell Death

Erythrocytes are produced by a complex and finely regulated process of erythropoiesis. It starts with a pluripotential stem cell that, in addition of its self replication capacity, can give rise to separate cell lineages. Erythropoiesis passes from the stem cell through the multipotent progenitor CFU-GEMM (colony-forming unit granulocyte erythroid monocyte and megakaryocyte), and then BFU-E (burst-forming unit erythroid) and CFU-E (colonyforming unit eryhtroid), to the first recognizable erythrocyte precursor in the bone marrow, the pronormoblast. This cell gives rise to a series of progressively smaller normoblasts with increasing content of hemoglobin. The nucleus is finally extruded from the late normoblast leading to mature red blood cell through the reticulocyte stage. Erythropoiesis ends with the mature circulating red cell, which is a non-nucleated biconcave disc, performing its function of oxygen delivery. In this process, the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin has been known as the major humoral regulator of red cell production. It is now well established that erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis, at least in part, by protecting erythroblasts from apoptosis. Human mature erythrocytes are terminally differentiated cells that are devoid of mitochondria, as well as of nucleus and other organelles. In circulation, the red cell is constantly tested for its capacity to undergo marked cellular deformation. This ability to change its shape is essential for optimal cell function, since the resting diameter of the human red cell far exceeds that of the capillaries and splenic endothelial slits through which it must pass (Mohandas & Groner, 1989). A two dimensional network of proteins interacting between transmembrane location and cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane gives the red blood cell its properties of elasticity and flexibility that allows the success of this journey. The mature erythrocyte is unable to self-repair and has no capacity to synthesize proteins. Therefore, its lifespan is finite and is shortened further when the cell’s environment becomes hostile or when the erythrocyte’s ability to cope with damaging extracellular influences becomes impaired. The erythrocyte limited lifespan implies that, as in other cells, life and death are well regulated for erythrocytes, in spite of their lack of capacity for protein synthesis (Bosman et al., 2005). In the present review, we aim to show updated information concerning erythrocyte death in order to contribute to the understanding of the physiopathological relationship of this process with the development of anemia.
Synthese und biologische Wirksamkeit Abbau-stabilisierter Liganden der SH2-Domäne der Protein-Tyrosin-Phosphatase SHP-1

In Signaltransduktionsprozessen wird die Aktivitat vieler Proteine hauptsachlich durch Phosphorylierung und Dephosphorylierung reguliert. Kinasen und Phosphatasen sind die Gegenspieler in diesem fein abgestimmten Regulationsprozess. Bezogen auf die Tyrosinphosphorylierung sind die konkreten Gegenspieler Proteintyrosinkinasen (PTKs) und Proteintyrosinphosphatasen (PTPs). Vertreter dieser Enzymfamilie sind an der Regulation zahlreicher biologischer Prozesse beteiligt. So ist die Proteintyrosinphosphatase SHP-1 ein negativer Regulator multipler Signaltransduktionprozesse. Sie gehort zur Gruppe der intrazellularen Phosphatasen und kommt vor allem in Zellen des Immunsystems, aber auch in Nervenzellen sowie in Spermien vor. Die SHP-1 spielt vor allem im Reifungsprozess dieser Zellen eine Rolle [1,2]. Die Aktivierung der SHP-1 erfolgt durch Bindung von Liganden an ihre N-terminale SH2-Domane. Im ligandenfreien Zustand blockiert die SH2-Domane das katalytische Zentrum der SHP-1. Die Bindung eines Liganden fuhrt zu einer Konformationsanderung der SH2-Domane und damit zur Freigabe der katalytischen Domane. Fur die physiologischen Funktionen ist die Bindung der SH2-Domane an das ITIM-Motiv wesentlich [3]. Wegen ihrer entscheidenden Rolle in der Signaltransduktion sind Kinasen und Phosphatasen interessante Zielproteine fur potentielle Arzneimittel. Dazu konnen entweder ihre aktiven Zentren gehemmt oder die Bindedomanen (SH2, PTB, IP3) durch aktivierende oder inaktivierende Liganden besetzt werden [4]. Voraussetzung fur diese sogenannte Signaltransduktionstherapie ist die Internalisierung der Inhibitoren oder Liganden in die entsprechenden Zellen. Das kann mit Hilfe von untoxischen Penetrationshelfern, z.B. Zell-penetrierenden Peptiden, gelingen, setzt aber eine Stabilisierung der Inhibitoren oder Liganden gegen enzymatischen Abbau voraus. Im Falle der sehr selektiv wirksamen, aber leicht abbaubaren Peptide erfordert das eine Stabilisierung gegen Proteasen und moglichst auch gegen Phosphatasen. Dazu konnen entweder nichtproteinogene Aminosauren in die Peptide eingebaut oder die Peptide zyklisiert werden [5, 6, 7]. Eine besonders effektive, aber synthetisch sehr anspruchsvolle Methode ist dabei die Ruckgratzyklisierung. Abgeleitet vom Modelling eines angepassten Liganden fur die SH2-Domane der SHP-1 und einer angestrebten Phosphatasestabilitat des Phosphotyrosin-Restes wurde von uns die Ruckgratzyklisierung solcher Oktapeptiliganden versucht, bei denen die Lactambrucke am Phosphotyrosin beginnt
Growth of gallium nitride thin films by electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy

We report on optimization studies for the growth of GaN films by the electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (ECR‐MBE) method on the R plane of sapphire. The films were grown by the reaction of Ga vapor with ECR‐activated molecular nitrogen and their growth kinetics were found to depend strongly on the distance between the ECR condition and the substrate. Single crystalline films with their α plane (1120) parallel to the R plane of sapphire (1012) were grown with the substrate held at 400–700 °C. All films were found to be n type with carrier concentrations varying between 1017 and 1019 cm−3. Films grown at 600 °C were found to have the smallest amount of strain and the highest electron mobility, suggesting that strain might be one of the sources of compensating defects.
VALIDATION FOR QUANTITATIVE OF METHADONE ENANTIOMERS AND ITS MAJOR METABOLITE USING VANCOMYCIN COLUMN COUPLED WITH MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO CLINICAL SAMPLES

Objective: To develop method to measure both methadone enantiomers and its major metabolite 2-ethylidene-1, 5-dimethyl-3, 3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) in clinical samples Methods: Five hundredmicroliters plasma/serum was extracted using solid phase extraction (mixed mode SPE-C8/SCX). The eluent was evaporated, reconstituted in mobile phase (95:5, 0.003% formic acid in methanol: 20 mM* ammonium formate) and injected. Result: The recoveries of methadone enantiomers and EDDP were 97% and 89% respectively. Under this condition, methadone enantiomers were successfully separated at baseline but not EDPP. Precision of spiked plasma for intra-day and inter-day was less than five for both methadone enantiomers and less than 12 for EDDP at medium and high quality control samples. Linear relationship between peak area ratio and internal standard were obtained for methadone in the range 5-1000ng/ml, and for EDDP from 5-500ng/ml with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The limit of quantification was 5ng/ml. Conclusion: The assay was used to analyse serum samples obtained from patients enrolled in a methadone maintenance treatment program.
THE EFFECTS OF 5,5'-BUTANE-1,4-DIYLBIS[4-ALLYL-2-({4-[3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL]PIPERAZIN-1-YL}METHYL)- 2,4-DIHYDRO-3H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-THIONE] COMPOUND ON MDA LEVEL AND VITAMINS IN SERUM, LIVER AND KIDNEY OF RATS

The 1,2,4-triazole along with its derivatives were reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities [1]. 1,2,4-triazole moieties have been incorporated into a wide variety of therapeutically interesting drug candidates, including anti-inflammatories, CNS stimulants, sedatives, anti-anxiety compounds, antimicrobial agents, as well as anti-mycotic ones such as fluconazole, intraconazole andvoriconazole [2]. As previously reported, Aminomethyl derivatives were synthesized. In this study, the effects of newly synthesized bis1,2,4-triazole containing aminomethyl derivatives on the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)and antioxidant vitamins (A,E,C) of the serum, liver and kidney of rats have been investigated. In addition, level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamins (A,E,C) has been determined by HPLC [3]. Most of the compounds showed satisfactory performance when compared to the control group [4]
The refinement of structures partially determined by the isomorphous replacement method

When independent results about the phase of a reflexion are obtained, what is the best way of combining them ? This problem arises in the multiple isomorphous replacement method, and in a more general form where, in addition, part of the structure is known. The method proposed is to use each result to form a probability function for the phase of the reflexion ; the combination of these results is achieved by multiplying the probability functions together. This joint probability function can be fully represented by the magnitude and phase of two vectors C and Dis formed by addition of components from each result. From these, structure factors can be calculated which provide the 'best' combination of all the data. A discussion of the significance of the vectors C, Dis indicates how estimates of the relative importance of structural information and of the isomorphous replacement method may be made.
Hvordan påvirker fastlegeordningen legens skjønnsmessige avgjørelser

Sammendrag Studien fokuserer på fastlegen som forvalter av helsevesenets ressurser og undersøker hvilken innvirkning fastlegereformen har på legenes skjønnsmessige avgjørelser. Resultatene er basert på data fra 11 gruppeintervjuer med 81 leger. Vi finner at legene opplever økt konkurranse, sterkere press fra pasienter og kollegaer og at det faglige ansvaret for pasientene er blitt større som en følge av reformen. Legene mener selv at dette gir dem motiver for å være mindre strenge som portvakter og gjøre mer for hver pasient. Samtidig ser det ut til at de i mindre grad tar hensyn til helsevesenets ressursbruk i kliniske valgsituasjoner.
Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères amphiphiles très hydrophobes anioniques et application au contrôle de la rhéologie de fluides complexes

Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes interesses a l'influence de la modification hydrophobe sur les proprietes en solution aqueuse d'un copolymere alterne de styrene et d'anhydride maleique. La chimie mise en œuvre garantit de couvrir une large gamme de taux de modification hydrophobe tout en permettant de conserver la solubilite des systemes. Des mesures combinees de diffusion de rayonnement et de rheologie ont permis de mettre en œuvre pour ces polyelectrolytes modifies hydrophobiquement la sequence: polyelectrolyte
Free energy model for inhomogeneous fluid mixtures: Yukawa‐charged hard spheres, general interactions, and plasmas

A free energy model for the inhomogeneous hard‐sphere fluid mixture was derived recently [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 980 (1989)], which is based on the fundamental geometric measures of the particles. Along with an updated assessment of its accuracy, this model is first generalized for charged hard‐sphere fluid mixtures, in which every particle carries a central Yukawa charge, and it is then extended to general fluid mixtures in external fields. The Yukawa‐charged hard‐sphere mixture provides a quite general reference system for many interesting physical systems including plasmas, molten salts, and colloidal dispersions, the screening parameter enabling to interpolate between the long range Coulomb forces and the short range hard cores. A special renormalization property of the Yukawa potential provides the means to derive the exact Onsager‐type lower bound for the potential energy of the mixture, and its related asymptotic strong‐coupling limit of the liquid pair correlation functions. These results are obtain.
Microsolvation effect on chemical reactivity: The case of the Cl−+CH3Br SN2 reaction

The microsolvatation of the SN2 reaction Cl−+CH3Br with one and two molecules of water has been investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics. The energy profile and the stationary points have been discussed. For the case of one molecule of water the thermal effects have been evaluated and some impact trajectories have been simulated. The results, in agreement with recent experimental results, suggest the noneffectiveness of the SN2 mechanism in the presence of solvatation. The analysis in terms of localized electron density has shown the importance of the H-bond between the chloride ion and the water molecule during the reaction path.
Carbon enhancement effect on oxygen precipitation in Czochralski silicon

The enhancement effect of carbon on oxygen precipitation in Czochralski (CZ) silicon has been investigated in detail by means of infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. The critical temperature Tc, which distinguishes the two different ways in which carbon enhances oxygen precipitation, has been shown to exist between 800 and 850 °C. Perturbed [Ci‐Oi]C(3) centers are observed by IR spectroscopy in the temperature range lower than the Tc. The perturbed C(3) center is estimated to consist of a complex with two to three oxygen atoms per carbon atom. It has moreover been confirmed that the carbon effect is explained in two ways: (i) carbon directly provides heterogeneous seeding sites, as [Ci‐Oi]C(3) centers, for oxygen precipitation at temperatures lower than Tc; and (ii) carbon plays a catalytic role at temperatures higher than Tc. Finally, the formation of [Ci‐Oi]C(3) centers is shown not to be affected by high‐temperature preannealing at 1250 °C.
Synthesis, characterization, and photocurrent generation of a new nanocomposite based Cu–TCPP MOF and ZnO nanorod

A series of MOF/ZnO nanocomposites with different ZnO nanorod content were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), EDX, BET and FT-IR were employed to characterize the prepared samples. According to the UV-vis spectroscopy, the porphyrin center was filled with a Cu atom in Cu–TCPP. BET analysis shows that the surface area of Cu–TCPP MOF/ZnO nanorods composite was decreased compared to Cu–TCPP MOF. Therefore, ZnO nanorods covered the surface of the Cu–TCPP MOF crystals and distributed between the MOF nanosheets. Photocurrent measurements determined that MOF/ZnO nanocomposite with 15% of ZnO nanorod exhibited higher photoactivity under visible light irradiation. In the prepared nanocomposite, MOF sheets act as electron transport channels to efficiently separate the photogenerated charge carriers from ZnO nanorods. It is hoped that our current work could promote increased interest in designing the nanocomposites of one-dimensional semiconductor and two-dimensional MOFs for different photoassisted applications.
An electron mobility model for ultra-thin gate-oxide MOSFETs including the contribution of remote scattering mechanisms

The effect of remote scattering mechanisms (such as remote Coulomb scattering and remote surface-roughness scattering) on electron mobility in ultra-thin oxide MOSFETs was studied. We highlighted the important role these scattering mechanisms play in state-of-the-art devices, mainly at low temperatures. As a consequence, the effects of these remote mechanisms on the electron mobility should be taken into account in accurate ultra-thin gate-oxide device simulations. We have developed a mobility model which takes into account the contribution of remote scattering mechanisms in ultra-thin oxide MOSFETs (including both the polysilicon-oxide surface-roughness and Coulomb scattering due to the polysilicon depletion charge). The proposed expression allowed us to reproduce the Monte Carlo simulation results obtained for several of these ultra-thin gate oxide devices. We also used this model along with previously developed models to account for the different scattering mechanisms usually included in mobility analytical calculations to reproduce the experimental results for very thin oxide MOSFETs.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Two Analogues of Meiogynin A

The efficient and asymmetric synthesis of two analogues of meiogynin A, a natural sesquiterpenoid dimer that was recently isolated by our group, is reported. The key reaction was a highly selective intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction between an aromatic triene and two chiral dienes. This convergent synthesis maximizes the atom economy concept, as the expected compounds were obtained in only eight steps without any protecting groups.