Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of Caffeine on the Cerebellar Cortex of Mercury Treated Wistar Rats

Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that constitutes a significant environmental and health problem, with evidences indicating the central nervous system as the main target. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effect of caffeine on the histology of the cerebellum of mercury treated Wistar rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n=4). Administration was as follows: Control (distilled water, 1 ml/kg), mercury chloride (HgCl2), 16.6 mg/kg body weight, low dose caffeine (20.7 mg/kg) with mercury chloride (16.6 mg/kg), high dose caffeine (41.5 mg/kg) with mercury chloride (16.6 mg/kg). The administrations lasted for 28 days via oral route daily. Histological evaluation was carried out with haematoxylin and eosin, and cresyl violet stains. Beam walking test (BWT) for motor coordination was carried out. Alteration in the cerebellar cortex histoarchitecture seen in mercury chloride group was ameliorated in the groups treated with caffeine. The result of BWT test showed an increase in the time taken to locate the platform after mercury chloride administration but was decreased after administration of caffeine (p>0.05). The administration of caffeine protect against mercury chloride toxicity to the cerebellum of Wistar rats.
Amylose, Gluten and Moisture Content of Non-waxy Rice (Bahadur), Waxy Rice (Aghuni bora) and Buckwheat for Development of Rice Based Gluten Free Biscuit

Background: Rice and buckwheat, due to their gluten free nature, is an important crop to cope up with increasing worldwide high demands for gluten free foods. Therefore, before making product, amylose, gluten and moisture content of the flours were investigated. Methods: Two varieties of rice, non waxy (Bahadur) and waxy (Aghuni bora) and buckwheat flour were selected to investigate amylose, gluten and moisture content by following standard methods for developing a rice based gluten free biscuit which will be suitable for celiac patient. Result: Amylose content of waxy rice was found to be 0.81 per cent, non waxy rice was 27.2 per cent and buckwheat flour 25 per cent. Moisture content ranged from 10.80g/100g to 12.20g/100g in all ingredients. Highest moisture content was found in buckwheat flour being 12.20g/100g and lowest in non waxy rice flour 10.80g/100g. Gluten was not detected in any of the flours. Thus, flours which were tested for amylose, gluten and moisture content are found to be suitable for making gluten free biscuit by substituting wheat flour with rice flour and the judicious combination of waxy and non waxy rice flour will also be very good to overcome problems of dough handling and binding.
Surface-based morphometry study of the brain in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

Background The study aimed to explore cortical morphology in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) and the relationship between cortical characteristics and age of onset and intelligence quotient (IQ). Methods Cortical morphometry with surface-based morphometry (SBM) was used to compare changes in cortical thickness, gyrification, sulcal depth, and fractal dimension of the cerebral cortex between 25 BECTS patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) with two-sample t-tests [P<0.05, family-wise error (FWE) corrected]. Relationships between abnormal cortical morphological changes and age of onset and IQ, which included verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), performance intelligence quotient (PIQ), and full-scale intelligence quotient (FIQ) were investigated with Spearman correlation analysis (P<0.05, uncorrected). Results The BECTS patients showed extensive cortical thinning predominantly in bilateral frontal, temporal regions, and limbic system. Cortical gyrification increased in the left hemisphere and partial right hemisphere, and the decreased cortical gyrification was only in the left hemisphere. The increased sulcal depth was the left fusiform gyrus. There are no statistically significant differences in the fractal dimension. Correlation analysis revealed the negative correlation between age of onset and cortical thickness in the right precentral gyrus. It also revealed the negative correlation between the age of onset and cortical gyrification in the left inferior parietal gyrus. Also, there was negative correlation between VIQ and cortical gyrification in the left supramarginal gyrus of BECTS patients. Conclusions This study reveals aberrant cortical thickness, cortical gyrification, and sulcal depth of BECTS in areas related to cognitive functions including language, attention and memory, and the correlation between some brain regions and VIQ and age of onset, providing a potential marker of early neurodevelopmental disturbance and cognitive dysfunction in BECTS.
Effect of Diet Composition on the Utilization of Copra Meal by Finishing Broiler Chickens

The scarcity and high cost of traditional protein sources call for more research into improving the utilization of alternative sources. The effect of dietary protein sources on the utilization of copra meal by broilers was investigated. Five finisher diets (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5) containing 20% crude protein were formulated. The control diet (D1) was based on three traditional protein sources (fish meal, meat and bone meal and soybean meal). The other diets (D2, D3, D4, and D5) contained copra meal with different combinations of these traditional protein sources. A total of 100, 21-day old Cobb 500 broilers (777.2 ± 11.4g; 1.5 CV) were allocated to 20 floor pens. Each diet was fed to birds in 4 pens in a completely randomized design for 3 weeks. During week one, feed intake increased on D5 and weight gain increased on D2 and D5 (P<0.05). The best feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) occurred on D2. Birds fed D1 and D5 gained more weight (P<0.05) during week two. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by the diet in weeks 2 and 3. In week three, gain was maximized on diet 2 (P<0.05) and there were no dietary effects on feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05). Dressing percentage was depressed (P<0.05) on D4. Breast yield was reduced on D3 and D4 (P<0.05). There were no dietary effects on thigh and drumstick yields (P>0.05). Most segments of the gut and their digesta content weighed lighter (P<0.05) on D5. There were no dietary effects on weight of proventriculus, gizzard, and caeca. Feed cost per kilogram carcass was reduced (P<0.05) on D2. Digestibility of DM, CP, CF and Fat was improved (P<0.05) on diet 2. It was concluded, that animal protein-based diets improve the utilization of 15% copra meal by finishing broilers compared to diets containing soybean meal. Further research into higher levels of copra meal in animal protein-based diets is warranted.
Interface engineering of inorganic solid-state electrolytes for high-performance lithium metal batteries

The high fluidity and flammability characteristics of the conventional organic liquid electrolyte make it vulnerable for the currently employed commercial lithium batteries to suffer from potential safety risks and premature cell failure. Replacing liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid-state versions coupled with the employment of Li metal anodes is believed to be ideal for next generation energy storage systems with both high security and high energy density. However, even though several promising solid-state electrolytes possess extremely high ionic conductivity, the issues related to a poor electrode/electrolyte interface are a critical constraint. Herein, interface engineering based on current fundamental understanding, challenges, and opportunities of the interface chemistry between inorganic solid-state electrolytes and electrode materials are presented. Firstly, we focus on the interfacial configuration characteristics and mechanisms, pointing out that the unsatisfactory interfacial compatibility and stability, and the dendrite problem are the main drawbacks in achieving high-performance cells, where the interface contact/wettability, constant interfacial reactions, inadequate interfacial Li+ stripping/plating process, and Li dendrite formation/propagation mechanism will be individually reviewed. Then, the recent research status and trends in ameliorating the electrode/electrolyte interface are systematically examined, including the efforts for component optimization and the architectural design of bulk anodes, electrolytes, cathodes, and the interface engineering construction between them. Moreover, several progressive applications and future research directions of interface chemistry will be proposed, aiming to present a comprehensive and enlightening overview for interface engineering that are relevant for the integration of applicable solid-state Li metal batteries.
Performance analysis of GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors with postpassivation plasma treatment

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with postpassivation plasma treatment are demonstrated and investigated for the first time. The results show that postpassivation plasma treatment can reduce the gate leakage and enhance the drain current. Comparing with the conventional devices, the gate leakage of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with postpassivation plasma decreases greatly while the drain current increases. Capacitance–voltage measurement and frequency-dependent conductance method are used to study the surface and interface traps. The mechanism analysis indicates that the surface traps in the access region can be reduced by postpassivation plasma treatment and thus suppress the effect of virtual gate, which can explain the improvement of DC characteristics of devices. Moreover, the density and time constant of interface traps under the gate are extracted and analyzed.
Mechanism of Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants: Role of Cation/H+ Antiporters

Salinity is an important adverse environmental problem that caused a loss in the sense of reducing yield per plant, morphological, and physiological functions of crop plants. The plants compete with environmental stress conditions to withstand following normal growth and development. The exchange of cations or protons (H+) takes place across the cell membrane to maintain the osmotic pressure of cells under salt stress conditions. There is a huge number of cation/H+ antiporter 1 protein-producing gene by plant cells under salt stress conditions has been identified. However, a few have been characterized and sequenced which contributes to ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment of cells. These cation/H+ antiporters are produced and stored in the vacuoles, endosomal forms and in the cytoplasm. The cation/H+ antiporters are involved in the homeostasis of K+, Na+, and pH of the cell under salinity stress conditions. The cation/H+ antiporters help plants cells to regulate all physiological functions under salt stress conditions.
Alignment-free Genomic Analysis via a Big Data Spark Platform

MOTIVATION Alignment-free distance and similarity functions (AF functions, for short) are a well established alternative to pairwise and multiple sequence alignments for many genomic, metagenomic and epigenomic tasks. Due to data-intensive applications, the computation of AF functions is a Big Data problem, with the recent literature indicating that the development of fast and scalable algorithms computing AF functions is a high-priority task. Somewhat surprisingly, despite the increasing popularity of Big Data technologies in computational biology, the development of a Big Data platform for those tasks has not been pursued, possibly due to its complexity. RESULTS We fill this important gap by introducing FADE, the first extensible, efficient and scalable Spark platform for alignment-free genomic analysis. It supports natively eighteen of the best performing AF functions coming out of a recent hallmark benchmarking study. FADE development and potential impact comprises novel aspects of interest. Namely, (a) a considerable effort of distributed algorithms, the most tangible result being a much faster execution time of reference methods like MASH and FSWM; (b) a software design that makes FADE user-friendly and easily extendable by Spark non-specialists; (c) its ability to support data- and compute-intensive tasks. About this, we provide a novel and much needed analysis of how informative and robust AF functions are, in terms of the statistical significance of their output. Our findings naturally extend the ones of the highly regarded benchmarking study, since the functions that can really be used are reduced to a handful of the eighteen included in FADE. AVAILABILITY The software and the datasets are available at https://github.com/fpalini/fade. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bilişimsel Düşünme Becerileri Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Bilisimsel dusunme cagimizin ihtiyaci olan onemli bir beceridir. Yarinin yetiskinlerini yetistiren ogretmenlerin bu becerileri ogretecekleri dusunuldugunde, onlarin da bu beceriye yeterince hakim olmalari gerekmektedir. Ogretmenlerin, yetistirdikleri ogrencileri anlayabilmeleri, onlarin ilgi alanlarina hakim olmalari gerekmektedir. Ogrencilerinin hep bir adim onunde ve onlara oncu rollerini surdurebilmeleri adina ogretmenlerin bilisimsel dusunme gibi cok kapsamli becerilere hakimiyetleri onem kazanmistir. Bu dogrultuda calismanin amaci, ogretmen adaylarina yonelik bilisimsel dusunme becerisi uzerine bir olcek gelistirmek ve onun gecerliligi ve guvenirligini belirlemektir. Calismanin amacina yonelik alan yazindaki ornekler incelenmis ve olcek gelistirme asamalari gerceklestirilerek 51 maddelik besli Likert tipinde bir olcek hazirlanmistir. Olcegin gecerlilik ve guvenirlilik analizleri icin Acimlayici Faktor Analizi (AFA) ve Dogrulayici Faktor Analizleri (DFA), 2017-2018 egitim-ogretim doneminde bir devlet universitesinin egitim fakultesinde ogrenim gormekte olan ogretmen adaylariyla gerceklestirilmistir. AFA icin 510 ve DFA icin ise 254 ogretmen adayindan olusan farkli orneklemlerle yapilan analizler sonucunda 40 maddelik, bes boyutlu bir yapi elde edilmistir. Olcekten elde edilen boyutlar (algoritmik – analitik dusunme becerisi, yaratici problem cozebilme becerisi, isbirligi yapabilme becerisi, elestirel dusunebilme becerisi, bilgisayar kullanabilme becerisi) alan yazindan ve uzman goruslerinden yararlanilarak isimlendirilmistir. Olcegin guvenirligini belirlemek uzere alt olcekler ile olcegin tamamina iliskin ic tutarlilik katsayisi hesaplanmis ve . 74 ile . 91 arasinda degisen katsayilar elde edilmistir. DFA sonucunda, Bilisimsel Dusunme Becerileri Olcegi’nin iyi duzeyde uyum gosterdigi, AFA ile kesfedilen yapinin dogrulandigi sonucuna varilmistir. Sonuc olarak ogretmen adaylarinin bilisimsel dusunme becerilerini belirlemeye yonelik gecerli ve guvenilir olcumler veren bir olcek elde edilmistir. Bu sonuclar isiginda ileride yapilacak arastirmalar icin ogretmen adaylarina yonelik gelistirilen olcek, farkli ozelliklerdeki orneklemlerde de uygulanarak tanimlanan yapi dogrulanabilir.
Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics of Airborne Particulate Matter in Relation to Human Health Risk

The main objective of this research was the determination of the geochemical and mineralogical properties of particulate matter: TSP (total suspended particles) and, especially PM1 (particles with aerodynamic diameter not greater than 1 µm) suspended in the air of a selected urban area in southern Poland. Identification of the emission sources of metals and metalloids bound in TSP and PM1 as well as the assessment of potential risk of urban ambient air to human health using hazard indices was an additional aim of this investigation. The daily TSP and PM1 quartz fiber filters collected during heating season were subjected to mass magnetic susceptibility (χ) measurements, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) observations and geochemical analyses. Obtained results revealed that the concentration of TSP and PM1 well correlated with their mass-specific magnetic susceptibility. The good relationship between the PM concentration and χ suggests that magnetic susceptibility measurements can be a good proxy of low-level atmospheric dust pollution. The rank order of potentially toxic elements (PTE) based on average concentration was Ba > Zn > Al > Fe > Pb > Mn > Ti > Cu > Cr > Ni >As > Cd > V > Tl, both for TSP and PM1. PM1/TSP ratios for PTE concentrations and χ were around or slightly above unity, which indicated that PM1 was the main carrier of PTE (with the exception of cadmium, copper and lead) and technogenic magnetic particles. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were confirmed by very high values of human health indices.
Advertisement calls of Bolivian species of Hyla (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

The advertisement calls of 18 species of Hyla occurring in Bolivia are described. Information on the calling behavior of each species is provided. A characteristic audiospectrogram and oscillogram are presented for each species as well as information about the spectral and temporal features of the calls. Numerical characteristics of the sounds are used to generare a phenogram of the mating calls. Call characteristics agree with the currently accepted phylogeny of South American species of Hyla. Some species with similar calls may breed synchronously and syntopically
The butterfly effect: amplification of local changes along the temporal processing hierarchy

Changing just a few words in a story can induce a substantial change in the overall narrative. How does the brain accumulate and process local and sparse changes, creating a unique situation model of the story, over the course of a real-life narrative? Recently, we mapped a hierarchy of processing timescales in the brain: from early sensory areas that integrate information over 10s-100s ms, to high-order areas that integrate information over many seconds to minutes. Based on this hierarchy, we hypothesize that early sensory areas would be sensitive to local changes in word use, but that there will be increasingly divergent neural responses along the processing hierarchy as higher-order areas accumulate and amplify these local changes. To test this hypothesis, we created two structurally related but interpretively distinct narratives by changing some individual words. We found that the neural response distance between the stories was amplified as story information is transferred from low-level regions (e.g. early auditory cortex) to high-level regions (e.g precuneus and prefrontal cortex) and that the neural difference between stories is highly correlated with an area’s ability to integrate information over time. Our results suggest a neural mechanism by which two similar situations become easy to distinguish.
Characteristics and Determinants of New Start-ups in Gujarat, India

Purpose: This study examines the relationship of socio-economic characteristics of start-ups with their size in Gujarat, India. It also assesses the determinants affecting the annual sale of start-ups. Methods: It includes primary information based on a survey of 120 founders of start-ups. Linear and semi-log linear regression models have been applied to assess the determinants of start-ups. Probit regression models have been considered to assess the factors affecting the annual sale of the start-ups. Results: Stage of start-up, the participation of founders in conferences, educational qualification, and new products launched by start-ups, professional connections of founders, source of funding, and support from incubator/accelerator/supporting organizations are found crucial determinants of start-up size in Gujarat. The annual sales of the start-ups are positively associated with stage of start-up, support from a mentor, team members, founder's academic qualification, and collaboration with national or international organizations, unskilled workers. Implications: Technology transfer and commercialization, development of new products, government regulations, the requirement of costumers, free rights for entrepreneurs, appropriate financial support for new entrepreneurs, transparency and clarity in government policies, the establishment of high-tech start-ups, and development of digital infrastructure, increase in R&D spending in research academia, and association of research institutions with entrepreneurs would be conducive to create an appropriate start-ups ecosystem and to reduce regional development disparities across Indian states. Subsequently, it would be helpful to increase sustainable development in India. Originality: This study has used primary information of 120 founders of start-ups to assess the determinants, and the factors affecting annual sales of start-ups using the regression model in, Gujrat, India. Thus, it has an empirical contribution to the body of knowledge. Limitations: This study could not provide rational justifications on most factors that show an insignificant impact on start-ups due to the small sample size. Further research, therefore, may be considered to identify the association of start-up size with the variables using a large sample size in India.
ANIMASI BELADIRI JUDO LOW POLYGON MENGGUNAKAN KINECT

Animasi merupakan sebuah proses yang dilakukan untuk menghiupkan sebuah benda mati melalui proses ilusi gerakan dari gambar statis yang dilakukan sedikit demi sedikit hingga memiliki kesan benda mati tersebut hidup. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganimasikan gerakan bantingan beladiri Judo dengan menggunakan model 3D Low Polygon. Proses animasi menggunakan 2 kamera Kinect v1 yang diposisikan dengan sudut 60-90 ° dan posisi kamera 180 ° terhadap aktor. Gerakan animasi motion capture memiliki ketidakakuratan pada posisi kamera 60-90 ° terhadap aktor. Hasil gerakan animasi motion capture dengan posisi kamera 180 ° terhadap aktor dapat diterapkan pada model 3D dengan hasil yang baik. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi acuan untuk perbaikan teknik motion capture gerakan bantingan beladiri Judo secara lebih baik.
Removal of Congo Red and Rhodamine B dyes from aqueous solution using unmodified and NH3/HCl-modified wood charcoal: a kinetic and thermodynamic study

Abstract In recent years, color removal processes from industrial wastewater which contains dyestuffs have gained great importance. Especially, textile industry wastewater with high volume and variable composition comes first among these wastewaters. These waters bring along many ecological and esthetic problems. In this study, unmodified and acid/base-modified wood charcoal derived from oak wood has been utilized as an eco-friendly adsorbent for removal of anionic dye Congo Red (CR) and cationic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution. The characterization of raw charcoal was performed using FT-IR, BET and SEM/EDS analysis. The optimum conditions were determined by investigating the effect of adsorption parameters (initial dye concentration, temperature, adsorbent amount, pH and contact time) for efficient removal of dye molecules from aqueous solution by batch adsorption experiments carried out under different conditions and the experimental results were investigated in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Together with the calculated thermodynamic parameters, the experimental data were applied to pseudo first order, pseudo second order, intra-particle diffusion, Boyd kinetic models and the adsorption mechanism was tried to be explained. The highest removal efficienciency of CR and RhB was achieved as 98% and 92%, respectively. As a result of this study, in which the effectiveness of modified and unmodified adsorbents was compared, it was determined that CR dye was removed at higher efficiency with HCl-modified charcoal. On the other hand, the RhB dye was better removed with NH3-modified charcoal.