Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bi5FeTi3O15 Hierarchical Microflowers: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Associated Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis

Nanostructured Bi5FeTi3O15 prepared by a facile hydrothermal method is reported as a new visible-light-driven photocatalyst, which exhibits a nanoplates-built, flower-like hierarchical structure. Its peculiar growth process, from nanonets to nanoplates-built microflowers, was studied when the time-dependent experiments were carried out. The as-prepared nano-Bi5FeTi3O15 shows excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity compared with bulk-Bi5FeTi3O15 and the widely used photocatalyst TiO2. The characteristics of the photocatalyst, such as the crystal and band structure, are discussed. The relationship between the physicochemical property and the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst is also investigated. Since the nanostructured Bi5FeTi3O15 is first realized, other peculiar properties, such as ferroelectric, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties besides the photocatalytic activity, may be revealed.
Surface‐Engineered Nanocontainers for Entrapment of Corrosion Inhibitors

The release properties and reloading ability of polyelectrolyte‐modified halloysite nanotubes, polyelectrolyte‐modified SiO2 nanoparticles, and polyelectrolyte capsules are studied. Three containers are distinguished by keeping the low‐molecular‐weight corrosion inhibitor benzotriazole in a hollow lumen inside or within the polyelectrolyte matrix and allowing release in either one direction or into all space dimensions. Polyelectrolyte shells, which modify the outer surface of the nanocontainers, are fabricated by using layer‐by‐layer assembly of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate), poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate), and poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(methacrylic acid) polyelectrolyte bilayers. All nanocontainers reveal an increase of the benzotriazole release in aqueous solution at alkaline or acidic pH. The highest reloading efficiency (up to 80 %) is observed for halloysite‐based nanocontainers; however, after five reloading cycles the efficiency decreases to 20 %. The application of appropriate nanocontainers depends on the demands required from feedback‐active anticorrosion coatings. For coatings where the immediate release of the inhibitor is necessary, SiO2‐based or halloysite‐based nanocontainers with a shell consisting of weak polyelectrolytes are preferable. When continuous, gradual release is required, halloysite‐based nanocontainers with a shell consisting of one weak and one or two strong polyelectrolytes are preferable.
Synthesis and Viscoelastic Behavior of Multiarm Star Polyelectrolytes

Star-shaped poly(tert-butyl acrylate)s were synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. Subsequently, star-shaped poly(acrylic acid)s were induced by hydrolysis of tert-butyl units. The structural ordering of these stars was investigated through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in aqueous solution. Star with f = 30 and f = 97 formed a bcc structure above the overlap threshold (C*). The viscoelastic behavior of the stars was also investigated. This system showed the transition from a Maxwellian fluid of a weak liquid ordering to a solid of macrolattice structure with increasing the polymer concentration. This result reflected the stronger interaction among star polyelectrolytes at higher polymer concentration.
The Template Effect of Palladium(II): Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of 2,4‐Substituted 1,3,5‐Triazapentadienatopalladium(II) Complexes

The reaction of LiN(SiMe3)2 with two equivalents of 2-, 3-, or 4-cyanopyridine followed by the addition of half an equivalent of [PdCl2(PhCN)2] gives neutral 1,3,5-triazapentadienato complexes of the general formula [Pd{HNC(Py)NC(Py)NH}2] (Py = 2-pyridyl 1, 3-pyridyl 2, 4-pyridyl 3). When the above reaction was carried out with benzonitrile and then 3- or 4-cyanopyridine was added followed by half an equivalent of [PdCl2(PhCN)2] neutral unsymmetrical 1,3,5-triazapentadienato complexes of the general formula [Pd{HNC(Ph)NC(Py)NH}2] (Py = 3-pyridyl 4, 4-pyridyl 5) were obtained. When LiN(SiMe3)2 was treated with one equivalent of benzonitrile in THF, followed by the addition of a quarter of an equivalent of anhydrous palladium chloride and workup in air, the trinuclear complex tetrakis(benzamidinato)bis(2,4-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazapentadienato)tripalladium(II) (6) was obtained as yellow crystals in 19 % yield. All complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The solid-state structures of compounds 2, 3, and 6 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Structural analyses revealed that the 2,4-bis(pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazapentadienyl ligands in 2 and 3 behave as didentate ligands to form six-membered rings with the metal ion. For 6, the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazapentadienyl ligands also behave as didentate ligands to form six-membered rings with the metal ion, whereas the amidinato ligands behave as bridging didentate ligands. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
High efficiency and high photo-stability zinc-phthalocyanine based planar heterojunction solar cells with a double interfacial layer

The use of CuI and MoO3 as a double interfacial layer between indium tin oxide (ITO) and a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) layer improves the power conversion efficiency (ηp) and the photo-stability at the same time in ZnPc based solar cells. Insertion of CuI without MoO3 increased ηp more than 2 times to 3.3%. However, the photo-stability is lowered even further due to diffusion of Cu. Insertion of the MoO3 layer between the ITO and CuI prevents the diffusion of Cu under UV illumination to achieve the improved photo-stability and ηp.
Solution Structure of a DNA Duplex Containing a Nitroxide Spin-Labeled Platinum d(GpG) Intrastrand Cross-Link Refined with NMR-Derived Long-Range Electron−Proton Distance Restraints

Modification of an undecamer deoxyribonucleotide, d(CTCTCGGTCTC), with the paramagnetic cisplatin analogue cis-[Pt(NH3)(4AT)ClI] afforded two orientational isomers of the platinated DNA containing a site-specific intrastrand d(GpG) cross-link. The DNA strand containing the 3‘ orientational isomer was annealed to its complement, and the resulting duplex was investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The structure was determined from conventional NOE studies of the reduced, diamagnetic undecamer and 99 long-range (10−20 A) electron−proton restraints from the paramagnetic duplex. The platinum-modified duplex is substantially bent toward the major groove. Refinements of the structure with either conventional interproton restraints or a combination of the electron−proton and interproton restraints afforded the same local but different global structures. Both refinements resulted in duplexes that deviated from canonical B-form DNA with widened minor grooves. Addition of the long-range electron−proton restraints allowed .
Assessing the agronomic benefit of noninversion tillage for improving soil structure following winter grazing of cattle and sheep

Severe treading damage to soils often occurs when cattle and sheep graze standing forage crops during winter. Soil recovery is a long process that may take several months if not years. Noninversion tillage can speed up the recovery process by improving drainage and air diffusion. This research assessed the ongoing benefit of noninversion tillage for improving soil structure relative to non‐tillage. This assessment was made following a land‐use transition from winter forage cropping to re‐establishment of seasonal pasture that was rotationally grazed by cattle or sheep. Prior to commencement of this study, the research site had poor soil structure due to four consecutive years of cattle and sheep grazing of winter forage crops [macroporosity (0–100 mm) <0.075 and 0.113 m3/m3 under cattle and sheep, respectively]. Tillage was effective in increasing soil macroporosity to ca. 0.175 m3/m3 under both grazing classes, which was significantly higher than nontilled soils (ca. 0.140 m3/m3, 0–100 mm depth). Improvements gained from tillage generally did not persist longer than 18 months. Average annual pasture production in tilled plots was 22.1 and 20.9 tons of dry matter per hectare (t DM/ha) for respective cattle‐ and sheep‐grazed plots, while in the nontilled plots, it was 19.1 and 18.6 t DM/ha, respectively. Results indicate noninversion tillage can provide an immediate increase in the porosity of compacted soils and improve pasture growth. However, processes involved in the formation of resilient soil aggregates are curtailed if subsequent grazing events coincide with high moisture content that causes recompaction.
Artocarpus odoratissimus skin as a potential low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue and methyl violet 2B

AbstractArtocarpus odoratissimus (Tarap) skin shows great potential as an effective low-cost biosorbent for toxic dyes, methylene blue (MB), and methyl violet 2B (MV). The Langmuir adsorption isotherm leads to the maximum biosorption capacities of this biomass, whose point of zero charge was at pH 4.4, of 0.577 mmol g−1 (184.6 mg g−1) and 0.349 mmol g−1 (137.3 mg g−1) for MB and MV, respectively. The Sips isotherm model is the best fit for adsorption of MB, while both the Langmuir and Sips models are in good agreement for MV. Mass transfer of dye species from solution to the biosorbent phase is fast with 50% dye being removed in less than 1 min following the pseudo-second-order kinetics.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT RATES OF PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND PHOSPHORUS USE EFFICIENCY IN TWO WHEAT CULTIVARS

To study the influence of different rates of phosphorus (P) on growth and yield of wheat, experiments were conducted at NIAB, Faisalabad, Pakistan under natural conditions. Results indicated that the P requirement of wheat at early growth was higher and adequate available P in the growth medium helped to attain relatively higher growth rate and resulted in higher grain yield. The two wheat cultivars when subjected to different rates of P application showed that the cultivar ‘MH-97’ was more responsive than ‘Pasban-90’ that attributed to its higher P translocation efficiency from roots to tops. The two cultivars also showed differential yield response when grown under field condition. At optimum nitrogen (N): P ratio of 1.5:1, the cultivar ‘MH-97’ gave 31.5% while cultivar ‘Pasban-90’ gave a maximum response of 25.9% over their respective N alone application. Contrarily, at the wider NP ratio of 3:1, yield response of cultivar ‘MH-97’ was 26.5% while that of cultivar ‘Pasban-90’ was only to the extent of 2.2%, thereby indicating a much wider difference in their yield response pattern. Thus, choosing an appropriate cultivar for a particular rate of fertilizer application would be more rewarding in terms of yield and profitability.
Identitätsprüfung von Verbenae Herba: Verbascosid als Leitstoff

Aus Verbena‐officinalis‐Kraut wurde Verbascosid (1), β‐(3′,4′‐Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)‐β‐D(4‐O‐caffeoyl)‐glucopyranosid, isoliert. Seine Menge in der Droge beträgt nach HPLC‐Bestimmung 0,8 %. Das Verbascosid‐nonaacetat (2) wurde erstmalig rein dargestellt und spektroskopisch untersucht. Verbascosid kommt im Pflanzenreich verhältnismäßig selten vor1–12), so daß sein Nachweis im Verbenenkraut zur Identitätsprüfung dieser Droge herangezogen werden kann.
Simultaneous temperature, concentration, and velocity fields measurements in a turbulent heated jet using combined laser-induced fluorescence and PIV

Mixing process of a passive scalar in a heated turbulent jt at Reynolds numbers between 13,000 and 21,000 is studied experientaly using combined two-color Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (2λ-PLIF) and Particle-Image Velocimetry (PIV). The PLIF system is based on acetone fluorescence for temperature and concentration measurement. The aim of the present paper is to obtain a reliable reference data set for the validation of numerical simulation of turbulent fluxes. Experiment was carried out on a heated turbulent jet of acetone-seeded air emanating from the 10 mm-diameter nozzle exit of an electric air heater with exit temperature Ti = 500 K. The jet is seeded to approximately 3% acetone by bubbling the air stream through liquid acetone. The mean and fluctuating dynamic and thermal fields are investigated and determined. This tool will allow to determine the temperature-velocity as well as the concentration-velocity cross-correlations in order to characterize the turbulent characteristics of the flow such as the turbulent diffusivity and the turbulent Prandtl number.
Surface-induced spreading phenomenon of protein clusters

In this study we investigate the behavior of protein clusters on solid surfaces. It is shown that clusters consisting of up to several hundreds of protein monomers can form in solution even at low monomer concentrations and subsequently adsorb to the surface. Using FRET imaging, a significant increase in the inter-protein distance of cluster proteins in time (e.g. a 46% increase after 7 hours on a hydrophobic surface) was revealed indicating that protein clusters spread upon contact with the surface. The spreading rate was strongly dependent on the surface chemistry: fast spreading on hydrophobic, slow spreading on hydrophilic surfaces. Moreover, we found that protein clusters could be deposited on a hydrophobic, OTS-coated surface even though it was already covered with a layer of pre-adsorbed protein monomers. As a result of their high surface mobility these monomers receded from that area to which the protein clusters spread. The molecular rearrangements taking place when a protein cluster deposits onto a surface are discussed in the context of the experimental results.
Quantifying packing frustration energy in inverse lyotropic mesophases

In this paper we investigate a simple model of inverse lyotropic mesophase energetics. The total energy is constructed by first minimizing the curvature elastic energy for the interface and then calculating the energy tied up in the chain extension variations that result for the various interfacial shapes and crystallographic space groups. We have calculated the chain packing energy in the harmonic approximation and find that we can separate this into two distinct terms. The first of these we call the packing factor, which is a constant for each interfacial shape and its associated crystallographic space group. The second term describes the variation in the packing frustration energy with mean curvature and monolayer thickness for the different interfacial shapes, i.e. spherical, cylindrical, and hyperbolic. Using this formalism and optimizing the mean interfacial curvature, we are able to build a global phase diagram in terms of the spontaneous mean curvature and the molecular length. The phase diagram w.
Crystallization Rates of Matched Fractions of MgCl2-Supported Ziegler-Natta and Metallocene Isotactic Poly(propylene)s. 2. Chain Microstructures from a Supercritical Fluid Fractionation of a MgCl2-Supported Ziegler−Natta Isotactic Poly(propylene)†

Two and three-state statistical models, which are mathematical devices used to partition observed poly(propylene) sequence distributions, are usually evaluated on how well they reproduce observed overall pentad/heptad distributions from 13C NMR. In this study, sequence distribution curves vs crystallization rates are also employed to judge the behavior of a particular model. A supercritical fluid fractionation of a poly(propylene) prepared with a MgCl2-supported Ziegler−Natta catalyst provided a series of samples that had progressively decreasing racemic contents as the molar masses increased. A modification was made to an existing three-state statistical model that gave sequence distribution curves that satisfied the fractionation behavior as well as linear spherulitic growth rates and polymorphic behaviors observed for the series of Ziegler−Natta poly(propylene) fractions. The results indicate that MgCl2-supported Ziegler−Natta isotactic poly(propylene)s contain significant amounts of a high molar mass,.
A study of herpes simplex virus latency in cultured cells

A distinctive feature of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the ability to establish latency in the neuronal cells of the sensory ganglia. The current working model for the organization of the latent HSV type 1 (HSV-1) genome is that it persists as a circular episome associated with nucleosomes in a chromatin-like arrangement. Thus, latent HSV-1 genomes in vivo are in a physical state that differs from the characteristic unit length molecules found in virion DNA. During latency HSV-1 gene expression is restricted to a family of latency associated transcripts (LAT) detectable in the sensory ganglia of experimental animals and humans. An in vitro latency system has been utilized to investigate the molecular biology of HSV latency. The main objectives of the research were the examination of the process of reactivation, particularly the role of the HSV-1 polypeptide Vmw110 and the elucidation of the properties of mutant in1814 during latency in vitro. The HSV-1 deletion mutant dl1403 was previously shown to be unable to reactivate latent HSV type 2 (HSV-2) in the in vitro latency system. The failure of dll403 to reactivate latent HSV-2 suggested a role for Vmw110 in the reactivation process but did not exclude the possiblity of a role for LAT or that Vmw110 acted in conjunction with other immediate early (IE) polypeptides. These aspects of reactivation were investigated using a combination of hybrid adenoviruses and inframe deletion mutants of HSV-1. Superinfection of latently infected monolayers with these viruses revealed that during reactivation in vitro there was no requirement for LAT and that the only prerequisite was a functional Vmw110. Specific features intrinsic to Vmw110 that were important for the ability of Vmw110 to activate gene expression in the absence of Vmw175 in transient transfection assays were essential for reactivation. Mutant in1814 contains a 12 base pair (bp) inframe insertion in the gene encoding Vmw65 such that the polypeptide it encodes is unable to interact with cellular proteins and thereby transinduce IE gene expression. Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated that in1814 reactivates latent HSV-2, although less efficiently than wild type (wt) HSV-1 or the rescuent 1814R. Infection of human foetal lung (HFL) cells at low multiplicity (0.1 particle/cell) with in1814 resulted in the efficient establishment of latency from which the majority of input particles could be recovered by superinfection with tsK at 38.5
Stabilization Mechanisms of Laminar Partially Premixed Flames from Domestic-Like Burner

Phenomena responsible of partially premixed laminar flame stabilization are investigated on a rich premixed burner configuration. The structure and aerodynamics of the flame generated by a cooking model burner are characterized by Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence of OH radical and Particle Image Velocimetry. The flame behaviour is studied from a stable reference case toward blow-out by varying the flow inlet conditions and the geometry of the burner. The flame structure and combustion regime are strongly modified. The flame can be considered as two neighbouring reactive zones, each consisting of a double edge flame having different behaviour toward to the flame blow-out. The stabilization of the upper double flame is similar to the stabilization of a Bunsen burner flame. The base is attached with a flame-holder mechanism and the flame tip position is controlled by the ratio between the flow velocity and the rich premixture flame speed. The bottom double flame is lifted and is stabilized thanks to local characteristics of mixing and aerodynamics.
Développement d'un mécanisme parallèle entraîné par câbles utilisé comme interface à retour haptique visant la réadaptation physique en environnement immersif

Cable driven parallel robots are studied and used more every day, especially in the research community. One interesting application is their use as haptic interfaces. Their big workspace and relatively low inertia makes them great candidates for human scale interfaces. One application of haptic interfaces of this scale is in health and physical readaptation. Since those interfaces are able to render forces, they can be used to train or evaluate physical capabilities. Research presented in this thesis aims at furthering knowledge in this domain. Some more general advances needed to make cable driven parallel mechanisms suitable haptic interfaces are presented rst and then more speci c developments toward the creation of a prototype haptic interface combined with a visual feedback are presented. The thesis ends with preliminary studies on the developed prototype installed in a research facility on physical readaptation.
Partition and diffusion of volatile compounds from acrylic adhesives used for food packaging multilayers manufacturing

Partition and diffusion coefficients of volatile compounds in polymers have been broadly studied in the literature in order to provide the tools necessary to predict migration from the packaging materials to the food using the appropriate mathematical models. But often, food packaging materials are multilayer materials where several substrates are joint by adhesive layers. Little is known about the partition coefficients between adhesives and substrates used in these materials and about the diffusion coefficients in some of the materials commonly used such as paper or cardboard. All of these parameters will have a direct effect on the final migration of the compound. The objective of this work was to study the behaviour of the compounds found on the acrylic adhesives in 4 different real laminates. Partition coefficients between several types of acrylic adhesives and substrate materials (polyethylene, polypropylene, couche paper and kraft paper) were experimentally calculated. Moreover, diffusion coefficients of the compounds in these four materials were derived from experimental data. Finally, a migration test with Tenax was carried out. A wide variation of results for partition coefficients was found due to the difference on the chemical properties of the compounds studied. In fact, a relation between the coefficients and their Hildebrand solubility parameters was found. Moreover, the most relevant result found in the diffusion coefficient values was that the coefficients in paper were lower than in PE but higher than in PP. Migration results showed that only 4 out of 11 compounds were found in Tenax. Only 2,4,7,9-tetramethyldec-5-yne-4,7-diol belong to a high toxic class according to Cramer rules.
Influence of radiative transfer on optical cooling in the condensed phase

The effect of fluorescence reabsorption on the optical cooling in the condensed phase was calculated using a stochastic model, based on spectral data of Rhodamine 101 in ethanol. The redshift in measured fluorescence for increasing Rhodamine 101 concentrations is reproduced for concentrations up to 10−4 M, suggesting that radiative transfer can be simulated accurately using a relatively simple random walk model. This also ensures a degree of accuracy in calculating the effect of radiative transfer processes on the optical cooling of a sample of given geometry. The stochastic method, using only the absorbance and molecular fluorescence (i.e., fluorescence unaffected by reabsorption) spectra as the input values, allows one to estimate the chromophore concentration for which maximum cooling efficiency occurs, given a cell geometry and quantum yield and vice versa. The method predicts a cooling efficiency that is an order of magnitude lower than has been reported previously [J. L. Clark and G. Rumbles, Phys. .