Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting Young People at School With High Mental Health Needs

Abstract For young people still at school, the school setting is vital to their mental health and wellbeing. Not only does the school environment have a direct and indirect impact on mental health, it provides an opportunistic setting in which to identify and respond to emerging mental health problems. To do this effectively, schools and school staff must work in collaboration with the young people themselves, their families, and other support services within the community, particularly primary health care services, including general practice. The importance of developing effective partnerships and care pathways between schools and the primary health care sector is being increasingly acknowledged, and initiatives such as MindMatters Plus GP have advanced our understanding in this area.
Harnessing B cells in immunotherapy.

B cells and their progeny contribute in manifold ways to adaptive and innate immune responses. Besides producing antibodies that direct activated products of the complement cascade and phagocytes to specific targets, B cells are increasingly understood to orchestrate the development and integrate the functions of innate and adaptive immunity (see [1] for review). Here, we discuss some of the functions of B cells that might determine the direction and impact of innate, cellular and humoral immunity in infection, cancer and transplantation. In the late 1980s, we observed that kidney transplants incompatible for ABO blood groups, and which should have suffered rapid and aggressive rejection owing to the binding of anti-blood group antibodies to the graft instead, often functioned normally if the offending antibodies were temporarily depleted and allowed to return [2]. We called this condition ‘accommodation’ to denote the apparent change in the transplanted organ that rendered it less susceptible to antibody-mediated rejection [3]. Since then, accommodation or a condition quite like it has been observed not only in transplants but also in tumors, infection, injury and inflammation [4]. Clearly, if one wishes to marshal immunity and inflammation toward the destruction of a tumor or cells harboring a latent virus, one should consider how to prevent or reverse accommodation as it may occur. On the other hand, if one wants to selectively target an infectious agent or preserve the integrity of a transplant or injured tissue, one should consider how best to elicit accommodation. If these objectives seem obvious, approaches that safely and reliably suppress or induce accommodation are anything but obvious. Exposure of cells, tissues and organs to subtoxic amounts of complement, cytokines, ischemia, physical injury, irradiation, microbial toxins, etc. induces resistance to lethal amounts of the same and sometimes other noxious agonists [5]. Among the most thoroughly investigated examples of such ‘accommodation’ is ischemic preconditioning [6,7]. Pre-exposure of organs or tissues to subtoxic ischemia or putative agonists of ischemic injury can reduce the severity of or even prevent severe injury when ischemia of greater severity is inflicted in the laboratory. Yet, putting this concept to clinical use has proven challenging, at least in part because one cannot know a priori how much ischemia or agents of ischemic injury such as intracellular Ca are needed to induce protection and how much will instead induce a level of injury to which the subsequent ischemic insult will add. For this reason, we have been keen to see if accommodation can be deliberately induced to avoid injury in transplants Harnessing B cells in immunotherapy
Deregulated microRNAs in breast cancer and their potential role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers

Hasta este momento numerosos estudios han explorado el valor que tienen los perfiles de expresion genica en el cancer de mama, lo que ha conducido a la estratificacion de los tumores de mama en al menos cuatro subtipos principales: Luminal A, luminal B, Her2 y triple negativo. Sin embargo, existen muchos menos trabajos que abordan el papel de los miRNAs y sus perfiles de expresion en el diagnostico de estos tumores. Teniendo en cuenta el importante papel que desempenan los miRNAs en la tumorigenesis y su capacidad para clasificar los tumores humanos de forma precisa el primer objetivo de esta tesis fue identificar miRNAs asociados con tumores de mama en general y con los principales subtipos moleculares en particular, para explorar su potencial como biomarcadores. Por otro lado los miRNAs circulantes estan atrayendo mucho la atencion, ya que son muy estables, resistentes a la degradacion y pueden obtenerse facilmente mediante procedimientos no invasivos. Aunque no esta claro como estos miRNAs extracelulares se liberan en el plasma, algunos miRNAs se liberan selectivamente a partir de celulas tumorales. El segundo objetivo de esta tesis fue estudiar en el plasma el estado de los miRNAs mas desregulados identificados en los tumores de mama y analizar su utilidad como biomarcadores no invasivos para la deteccion del cancer de mama precozmente.
Section 3, Component 4: Medications

Corticosteroids: Block late-phase reaction to allergen, reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, and inhibit inflammatory cell migration and activation. They are the most potent and effective anti-inflammatory medication currently available (Evidence A). ICSs are used in the long-term control of asthma. Short courses of oral systemic corticosteroids are often used to gain prompt control of the disease when initiating long-term therapy; long-term oral systemic corticosteroid is used for severe persistent asthma.
Learning nursing through simulation: Towards an expansive model of learning

This thesis explores the impact of simulation upon learning for undergraduate nursing students. A brief history of the evolution of pre-registration nurse education and the development of simulation for nursing provide background and context to the study. The conceptual frameworks used for this study draw upon the work of Benner and Sutphen (2007) and Engestrom (1994). Benner and Sutphen’s work highlights the complex nature of situated knowledge in practice disciplines such as nursing. They suggest that knowledge must be constantly integrated within the curriculum through pedagogies of interpretation, formation, contextualisation and performance. These pedagogies present a framework, which enhances the understanding of the impact of simulation upon student learning. Engestrom’s work on activity theory, recognises the links between learning and the environment of work and highlights the possibilities for learning to inspire change, innovation and the creation of new ideas. His notion of expansive learning offers nurse education a way of reconceptualising the learning that occurs during simulation. Together these frameworks present an opportunity for nurse education to articulate and theorise the learning inherent in simulation activities. Conducted as a small-scale narrative case study, this study tells the unique stories of a small number of undergraduate nursing students, nurse mentors and nurse educators and explores their experiences of learning through simulation. The nurse educators viewed simulation as a means of helping students to learn to be nurses, whilst, the nurse mentors suggested that simulation helped them to determine nursing potential. The students’ narratives revealed that they approached simulation learning in different ways resulting in a range of outcomes: those who were successfully becoming nurses, those who were struggling or working hard to become nurses and those who were not becoming nurses. A theoretical analysis of learning through simulation offers a means of conceptualizing and establishing different perspectives for understanding the learning described by the participants and offers new possibilities towards an expansive approach to learning nursing. The study concludes by examining what this interpretation of learning might mean for nurse education, nursing research and nursing practice.
Korean Pharmacogenomic Database: Pharmacogenomic Haplotype Analysis of the Korean Population and Ethnic Comparisons

The major aim of the Korean Pharmacogenomic Database (KPD) is to offer to users a "bridging" function, making the search for useful information easier. This database has also been established to collect unique Korean genotype data from other databases and to directly link these data to other major databases that offer more informative data. In this way, searches for information about new drug developments and easier and faster evaluation of the more complex and larger databases are possible. The KPD is located at the National Institute of Toxicological Research homepage (http://www.nitr.go.kr/nitr/contents/m134700/view.do), and offers Korean single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information for 154 genes and haplotype information. It also compares the Korean SNP and haplotype frequencies with those of the other ethnic groups registered in the International HapMap. Through the Pharmacogenomic Information and Education facility, we also provide eval- uators and the public with information about the concept of pharmacogenomic information, research trends, and the drug regulations of other countries. Because the drug responses of Koreans are not necessarily the same as those of Chinese or Japanese people, it is expected that the systematic operation of the KPD will allow the definition of racial differences and various genomic biomarkers (haplotypes or SNPs) for use in bridging studies and in the approval of new drugs.
Towards Effective Treatment Strategies for Alzheimers disease (AD)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an insidious and tragic neurological disorder, and the most common type of progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss of the aged. An estimated 5.4 million people in the United States have AD. Healthcare treatment for AD in this country currently involves a staggering 15 million unpaid caregivers and 183 billion dollars in annual costs, and the projected yearly expense of AD healthcare is estimated to soar to 1.1 trillion dollars by the year 2050 [1,2]. Currently, this places a tremendous socioeconomic burden on both AD caregivers and an already strained healthcare system, and in the near future the prognosis for AD incidence and soaring healthcare costs is even more stark and overwhelming. Globally, 5 million new cases of AD are diagnosed annually, with one new AD case being reported every 7 seconds [1,2]. Importantly, our increasing life expectancy and the demographics of our aging population cast significant healthcare concerns over our medical and socioeconomic capability to manage this rapidly expanding healthcare concern. Currently, there are no adequate preventive or curative treatments for this leading cause of senile dementia in our aging population, and pharmacological strategies and treatments directed at AD symptoms, and specifically targeted to neurotransmitter deficits and the progressively amyloidogenic and inflammatory nature of this brain degeneration, have met with extremely disappointing results [1-7].
Invited Commentary: Epidemiology and Risk Assessment

The intent of this commentary is to introduce readers of the Journal to risk assessment and the use of epidemiologic data in risk assessment. A seminal 1983 National Research Council report, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process (1)— often called the "Red Book" because of its cover— defined risk assessment as ". the use of the factual base to define the health effects of exposure of individuals or populations to hazardous materials and situations" (1, p. 3). While epidemiologists and epidemiologic data may have prominent roles in this field, the epidemiologic literature contains surprisingly few discussions of risk assessment. The topic has been discussed at two conferences, the first in 1985 (2) and the second in 1994 (3). Shore et al. (4) provided an overview of the use of epidemiology in risk assessment but targeted the toxicology and regulatory communities. Hertz-Picciotto (5) provided a cogent summary in a 1995 review, emphasizing the use of epidemiologic data to characterize dose-response relationships. Risk assessment in general is covered in a series of landmark reports on the topic by committees of the US National Research Council: the previously men-
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SERUM CREATINE KINASE ACTIVITY IN LACTATING COWS AFTER INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF TYLOSIN ALONE AND COADMINISTERED WITH BROMHEXINE

Changes in the serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were studied in 12 Black and White breed cows following single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of Tylovet-200 and Bromhexotylosin-2 (BHT-2) at a dose rate of 0.5 ml/kg. Individual blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 0 (predose) and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, and 48 h after dosing. It was established a time dependent moderate elevation of the serum CK activity after treatment with both tylosin products, reaching peak values at 12 h post-dose. The i.m. injection of BHT-2 caused a more intensive increase of serum CK levels, but it was not statistically significant compared to the effect of Tylovet-200.
From New Zealand To Malaysia: Making Smoking Free Agenda For Psychiatrists In Malaysia

Objective: This article highlights the issues pertaining to psychiatry and smoking as reported in a symposium on smoking cessation in Malaysia. Methods: A report on a meeting outcome of a symposium on “Making smoking free agenda for psychiatrists in Malaysia. ” Results: Smoking is still the number one public health problem and those with mental illness were at a high risk. Despite that, they are often under served in service provision by those caring for them. These shortcoming are seen more and more in Malaysia, where smoking and psychiatry is under researched. Conclusion: More research are needed on the why and how psychiatrist can play a major role in ensuring that those with mental illness in Malaysia are provided equal opportunities to quit smoking. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 13 (2): July December 2012: XX XX.
Patients get four choices for NHS treatments

GPs making referrals for elective treatment now have to offer patients a choice of four providers, under changes that started on 2 January. New information leaflets have been prepared by the Department of Health, setting out which local treatment centres offer the services required by a patient. The leaflets include tables about performance, such as waiting times, rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, and cancelled operations. Not all areas will offer the choice of an independent sector provider. Instead the selection will depend on which centres the local primary care trust chooses to commission. In Eastern Leicester, for example, …
Development and evaluation of new generation vaccines against bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. Improved BRSV vaccines are needed, with better efficacy and longer duration of protection, in particular when used in calves with specific maternally derived antibodies (MDA). New generation BRSV vaccines should also be DIVA compliant, and thus allow continued seromonitoring in vaccinated herds, including continuous evaluation of vaccine safety and efficacy. In this thesis work, classic BRSV immunostimulating complexes (BRSV-ISCOMs) were shown to overcome inhibition by specific MDA, and induce a high level of protection, probably mediated by strong humoral and Th1 type T cell responses. Characterization of proteins in BRSV-ISCOMs was performed to facilitate future standardization or improvement of BRSV-ISCOMs, and to serve as a basis to design efficient subunit vaccines (SU). SU consisted of recombinant human RSV (HRSV) proteins P, M2-1 and N nanorings with epitopes from BRSV proteins F and G. Three DIVA-compatible vaccines, all omitting the SH protein, were evaluated: two vaccines formulated using SU, adjuvanted by either Montanide ISA71VG (SUMont) or AbISCO-300 (SUAbis); and ΔSHrBRSV, a live recombinant BRSV with deleted SH gene. The safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SUMont, SUAbis and ΔSHrBRSV were compared in calves with specific MDA in a BRSV infection model with high clinical expression, which was also developed in this thesis work. Both ΔSHrBRSV and SUMont induced protection against BRSV infection, seemingly by activating different immunological pathways. ΔSHrBRSV induced almost complete clinical and virological protection, which appeared to rely mainly on mucosal IgA and systemic neutralizing antibodies directed against viral surface proteins, and T cell priming in the airways. SUMont induced a good level of protection, which appeared to be mediated by HRSV/BRSV cross-reactive specific T cells. SUAbis induced limited protection from BRSV challenge. The three vaccines BRSV-ISCOMs, ΔSHrBRSV and SUMont, individually identified as promising vaccine candidates, are described and discussed in this thesis, including possibilities to improve their immunogenicity and protective efficacy, and to further investigate induced immunity and DIVA compliancy.
Carriage of multi-drug resistant bacteria among medical staff of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon

Multidrug-resistant bacteria remain a serious worldwide public health problem. Health care workers are particularly implicated in dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MRB) carriage by health care workers in high risk units of the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). Nasal, rectal and hand swabs were collected from a sampled staff involved in patient care in the targeted units. The different bacteria were isolated on the appropriate selective culture media. The susceptibility of the different species isolated was done to confirm their different resistance phenotypes. Multidrug-resistant bacteria were isolated in 18.4% of the specimens and distributed in the different collection sites as follows: nose (60%), rectum (24%) and hands (16%). Methicilin resistant
siRNA-based nanomedicine.

By nature, cancer cells are the toughest cells against any treatment. The various available therapies would be much more effective at much lower dose if siRNA against the therapeutic resistance could be identified and successfully codelivered by nanocarriers such as polymer conjugation, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanohydrogels and dendrimers. Cancer is a significant health problem world wide. The death rate of cancer among the various diseases was 23.3% in the USA in 2010 and 30.0% in Singapore in 2011. Patients with cancers that are detected at later stages have a lower 5 - year relative survival (23.3% for breast cancer, 11.7% for colon cancer and 3.6% for
SOME PROPOSALS FOR STANDARDIZATION OF ERG EQUIPMENT

Although in the Stockholm Meeting rather far going decisions have been taken with regard to standardization, the author has for the greater part remained faithful to the original presentation, because some of the considerations not to be found back in the final recommendations might still be of use, and also to keep some continuity in the text. On the other hand the final recommendations with explanations will partly be more elaborate than this report.
Peritoneal Dialysis: Improving Patients' Lives and Learning What They Want

Many factors determine the choice that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and their physicians make about dialysis modality. Medical issues such as cardiovascular stability, vascular access availability and peritoneal cavity integrity are important. Social and family issues such as the motivation of a patient for independent living, the cleanliness of the home environment and the availability of family to assist in the dialysis procedure enter into the decision about which type of dialysis is best. Psychosocial factors may impact on the clinical outcome (1). Nonmedical factors such as financial reimbursement, educational deficits and physician bias, resource availability, social mores and cultural habits may play a central role in the decision-making process (2). These and other factors may explain the wide variation in the selection of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Worldwide, approximately 15% of dialysis patients use peritoneal dialysis. In Japan, about 5% use PD, the United States 13%, Canada, 30%, and New Zealand 60% (3). In the United States, hemodialysis is the principal modality chosen by most patients and physicians. Nonetheless, there is wide variation among dialysis centers. In some large dialysis centers and dialysis chains, fewer than 10% of incident patients choose peritoneal dialysis as their therapy. In our experience in New Haven, Connecticut, approximately 50% of our incident ESRD patients choose peritoneal dialysis and 50% hemodialysis. Forty percent of our overall prevalent ESRD patients (approximately 310 in all) are treated with peritoneal dialysis and 60% with hemodialysis. We have trained over 1000 patients to do home peritoneal dialysis, and we currently care for 130 patients on CAPD and forms of automated cycling peritoneal dialysis. The few selection criteria we use for home peritoneal dialysis include the patient’s informed choice of this modality, a peritoneal cavity technically amenable to peritoneal dialysis, and our nurses’ and social worker’s assessment that therapy will work after 1 –2 weeks of initial dialysis training. We have recently examined two factors that contribute to the success of our large peritoneal dialysis program. First, we describe an analysis of ESRD patients requiring residence in nursing homes that were treated with peritoneal dialysis. Second, we outline our efforts to describe and categorize patient satisfaction, underscoring those elements of a successful dialysis program as seen through the eyes of the patient.
Strain Rate Imaging: Real World Scenario?

The indices to measure the deformation of the myocardium by non-invasive techniques has proven to be a decisive modality. Done by strain and strain rate, both of these approaches allow comprehensive assessment of myocardial function and thereby broadening the spectrum of its clinical applications. They provide an early detection and quantification of myocardial dysfunction of different etiologies, assess the viability of the myocardium and finally the data provided by strain and strain rate are helpful for therapeutic decisions as well as useful for follow-up evaluations of post cardiac interventions. Their feasibility in measurement of the parameters however is marred by technical challenges, susceptible to artifacts as well as observer variability. In this review the discussion elucidates the concepts of deformation imaging and also portrays comparatively two major deformation imaging methods (TDI-derived and speckle tracking 2D-strain derived). The focus shall be on the development of the technique and its limitations, together with current status of potential clinical applications. Despite the fact that further exploration is still awaited to bring an objectivity to the evaluation of the cardiovascular disease, presently considering of its applicability, these new tools of non-invasive cardiology have generated a great deal of interest amongst the cardiologist.