Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A box full of chocolates: The rich structure of the nearby stellar halo revealed by Gaia and RAVE

The hierarchical structure formation model predicts that stellar halos should form, at least partly, via mergers. If this was a predominant formation channel for the Milky Way's halo, imprints of this merger history in the form of moving groups or streams should exist also in the vicinity of the Sun. Here we study the kinematics of halo stars in the Solar neighbourhood using the very recent first data release from the Gaia mission, and in particular the TGAS dataset, in combination with data from the RAVE survey. Our aim is to determine the amount of substructure present in the phase-space distribution of halo stars that could be linked to merger debris. To characterise kinematic substructure, we measure the velocity correlation function in our sample of halo (low metallicity) stars. We also study the distribution of these stars in the space of energy and two components of the angular momentum, in what we call "Integrals of Motion" space. The velocity correlation function reveals substructure in the form of an excess of pairs of stars with similar velocities, well above that expected for a smooth distribution. Comparison to cosmological simulations of the formation of stellar halos indicate that the levels found are consistent with the Galactic halo having been built fully via accretion. Similarly, the distribution of stars in the space of "Integrals of motion" is highly complex. A strikingly high fraction (between 58% and upto 84%) of the stars that are somewhat less bound than the Sun are on (highly) retrograde orbits. A simple comparison to Milky Way-mass galaxies in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations suggests that less than 1% have such prominently retrograde outer halos. We also identify several other statistically significant structures in "Integrals of Motion" space that could potentially be related to merger events.
Detection of Rutin, Kaepferol, and Quercetin based Crude from Corn Silk and Studying their Effects on the Inhibition of Pure Urease Enzyme and Urease of Klebsiella Species

Corn silk is a long, weak, and shiny fibers at the top of corn's ear (1). Traditionally, it is used for making tea as a healthy and medical drink in Asian communities especially in China (2). Recently, corn silk becomes very important in drugs development, because of its bioactive constituents which include oxidant prevention agent limits, anti-diabetic activity anti-proliferative effects diuretic activity anticoagulant activity, antifungal, anti-fatigue, and treating obesity (3).
Impairment between Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems: Short- and Long-term Implications for Athletes’ Health

The role of oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and antioxidants, has been described in several patho-physiological conditions, including cardiovascular, neurological diseases and cancer, thus impacting on individuals’ lifelong health. Diet, environmental pollution, and physical activity can play a significant role in the oxidative balance of an organism. Even if physical training has proved to be able to counteract the negative effects caused by free radicals and to provide many health benefits, it is also known that intensive physical activity induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and free radical-mediated muscle damage. Indeed, variations in type, intensity, and duration of exercise training can activate different patterns of oxidant–antioxidant balance leading to different responses in terms of molecular and cellular damage. The aim of the present review is to discuss (1) the role of oxidative status in athletes in relation to exercise training practice, (2) the implications for muscle damage, (3) the long-term effect for neurodegenerative disease manifestations, (4) the role of antioxidant supplementations in preventing oxidative damages.
CityVille: reasons, objectives and priorities for online play and communication

The game CityVille, developed on social networks and focused on virtual city construction, allows players to have fun interacting online and collaborating with others in order to make their cities grow. The survey performed among members of the Fans-Cityville multinational community on Facebook (N=105) –63.0% men and 37.0% women– clearly shows that playing and sharing their hobby makes these individuals happy. 47.0% of them play between 3 and 6 hours every day and, although one can play for free, almost half of the players spend 8 USD per month on average to progress faster. Unlike men, whose outstanding competitive profile explains their exclusive goal of reaching the highest level –communicating with others only as a way to obtain new resources and win– women prioritize collaborative entertainment and thus assign more value to strategy exchange, mutual collaboration, and the opportunity to broaden their network of contacts and friends.
Micro and Nano Smart Composite Films Based on Copper-Iodine Coordination Polymer as Thermochromic Biocompatible Sensors

Herein is presented the preparation and characterization of a composite material obtained by the combination of nanosheets of a coordination polymer (CP) based on the copper(I)-I double chain with response to temperature and pressure with polylactic acid (PLA) as biodegradable organic matrix. The new films of composite materials are generated using a simple and low-cost method and can be created with long lateral dimensions and thicknesses ranging from a few microns to a few nanometers. Studies show that the new material maintains the optical response versus the temperature, while the elasticity and flexibility of the PLA totally quenches the response to pressure previously observed for the CP. This new material can act as a reversible sensor at low temperatures, thanks to the flexibility of the copper(I)-iodine chain that conforms the CP. The addition of CP to the PLA matrix reduces the elastic modulus and ultimate elongation of the organic matrix, although it does not reduce its tensile strength.
Biomarkers in the Breath Associated with Lung Cancer continued 3 ChemoS ense

Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and as a result has poor survival rates. The present methods for diagnosing lung cancer are time-consuming, expensive and invasive. There is a need for tests capable of early lung cancer detection. Recent studies describe exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a potentially useful, non-invasive method of sampling the airways for assessing inflammation of the respiratory system, and possibly for the early detection of lung cancer.
Revisiting endogeneity among foreign direct investment, economic growth and stock market development: Moderating role of political instability

Abstract This study investigates the endogeneity among foreign direct investment, economic growth, and stock market development, along with the moderating role of political instability on the relationship among foreign direct investment, economic growth, and stock market development. The study employs selected macroeconomic variables data for the period of 1993–2016 with Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) system and hierarchical regression approach for hypothesis testing. This study discovers that there are short-run and long-run association among economic growth, foreign direct investment, and stock market development. In the long run, only unidirectional relationship exists among economic growth, foreign direct investment, and stock market development. However, in the short-run, bidirectional relationship is evident between economic growth and stock market development. This study reveals that foreign direct investment partially mediates the relationship between economic growth and stock market development; and political instability negatively moderates the economic growth and stock market development nexus, the foreign direct investment and stock market development nexus, and the economic growth and foreign direct investment nexus. Therefore, this study suggests that political stability is a must for Bangladesh to achieve stock market development, to increase the foreign direct investment inflows, and to achieve long term sustainable growth.
RNF34 functions in immunity and selective mitophagy by targeting MAVS for autophagic degradation

Viral infection triggers the formation of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) aggregates, which potently promote immune signaling. Autophagy plays an important role in controlling MAVS‐mediated antiviral signaling; however, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the targeted autophagic degradation of MAVS remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which RNF34 regulates immunity and mitophagy by targeting MAVS. RNF34 binds to MAVS in the mitochondrial compartment after viral infection and negatively regulates RIG‐I‐like receptor (RLR)‐mediated antiviral immunity. Moreover, RNF34 catalyzes the K27‐/K29‐linked ubiquitination of MAVS at Lys 297, 311, 348, and 362 Arg, which serves as a recognition signal for NDP52‐dependent autophagic degradation. Specifically, RNF34 initiates the K63‐ to K27‐linked ubiquitination transition on MAVS primarily at Lys 311, which facilitates the autophagic degradation of MAVS upon RIG‐I stimulation. Notably, RNF34 is required for the clearance of damaged mitochondria upon viral infection. Thus, we elucidated the mechanism by which RNF34‐mediated autophagic degradation of MAVS regulates the innate immune response, mitochondrial homeostasis, and infection.
Identification and Functional Analysis of NLP-Encoding Genes from the Postharvest Pathogen Penicillium expansum

Penicillium expansum is a major postharvest pathogen that infects different fruits, mainly through injuries inflicted during harvest or subsequent handling after harvest. Several effectors were suggested to mediate pathogenicity of P. expansum in fruit tissue. Among these effectors Nep1-like proteins (NLPs), produced by various microorganisms with different lifestyles, are known for their ability to induce necrosis in dicot plants and were shown to be involved in virulence of several plant-related pathogens. This study was aimed at the identification and functional characterization of two NLP genes found in the genome of P. expansum. The genes were designated Penlp1 and Penlp2 and were found to code type1 and type3 NLP respectively. Necrosis-inducing activity of the two proteins was demonstrated by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. While Penlp1 expression was induced during apple infection and in liquid culture, the highest level of Penlp2 expression was found in ungerminated spores. Deletion of Penlp1, but not Penlp2, resulted in reduced virulence on apples manifested by reduced rate of lesion development (disease severity).
Facial Target Detection and Recognition Algorithm Based on Information Fusion

This paper is based on the idea of information fusion, which is proposed to use multi-information fusion technology to summarize the facial target detection technology and take it as a breakthrough point, by means of analyzing the strategy of common information fusion, it discusses the algorithm of facial detection based on analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) for facial recognition.
Declining relative humidity in the Thompson River Valley near Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada: 1990-2012

Potential time trends in relative humidity (RH) were investigated for the Kamloops climate station in a semi-arid region of south-central British Columbia, Canada, between 1990 and 2012. Mean monthly 6 am and 3 pm RH at Kamloops achieve annual minima during the March to September period with substantially higher early morning RH compared to the mid-afternoon period. Significant temporal declines in RH throughout the year are evident ranging from 1.5 to 5.7%/decade. No significantly increasing temporal trends in RH were found. The findings indicate that a continuation of declining trends in RH for the study area may increase the quantity of dust and other atmospheric particulate generation from both natural and anthropogenic sources, possibly resulting in additional threats to local and regional air quality, thereby necessitating inclusion in air quality management planning and modeling efforts.
From Forced Revolution to Failed Transition: The Nightmarish Agency of Revolutionary Neo-Liberalism in Iraq

Este articulo explora los esfuerzos realizados para fomentar el mercado y aplicar tecnicas de ingenieria constitucional como medios para el cambio liberal en el Irak de posguerra. Al identificar los intereses, tacticas de coercion e ideas previamente asumidas acerca del entorno politico en el que se han aplicado estos proyectos, se identifica su culpabilidad en la generacion de la situacion actual. El articulo profundiza ademas en como las narrativas contemporaneas de la transicion global y de su caracter novedoso articularon una vision del regimen iraqui como fuente de esfuerzos de transformacion. Sugiero que esta vision, y los proyectos de revolucion y transicion forzadas que se basaron en ella, era mas atractiva por su logica interna que por una apreciacion realista de la situacion en Irak. En ultima instancia, los resultados de los proyectos de neoliberalismo revolucionario y transicion en Irak requeriran que hagamos algo mas que senalar los fallos de EE.UU. al implementarlos o las carencias culturales de los iraquies; estos deberian hacernos considerar las limitaciones de fomentar el mercado y la metodologia de transicion como tecnicas para comprender y actuar sobre el mundo politico.
Effect of Through Stationary Edge and Center Cracks on Static Buckling Strength of Thin Plates under Uniform Axial Compression

Thin plate structures are more widely used in many engineering applications as one of the structural members. Generally, buckling strength of thin shell structures is the ultimate load carrying capacity of these structures. The presence of cracks in a thin shell structure can considerably affect its load carrying capacity. Hence, in this work, static buckling strength of a thin square plate with a centre or edge crack under axial compression has been studied using general purpose Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS. Sensitivity of static buckling load of a plate with a centre or a edge crack for crack length variation and its vertical and horizontal orientations have been investigated. Eigen buckling analysis is used to determine the static buckling strength of perfect and cracked thin plates. First, bifurcation buckling loads of a perfect thin plate with its mode shapes from FE eigen buckling analysis are compared with analytical solution for validating the FE models. From the analysis of the cracked thin plates, it is found that vertical cracks are more dominant than horizontal cracks in reducing buckling strength of the thin plates. Further, it is also found that as the crack length increases, buckling strength decreases. © 2009 IAU, Arak Branch. All rights reserved.
Does social security affect retirement and labor supply? : using the Chilean experience as an experiment

The paper explores the effects of the social security system over retirement and labor supply decision of individuals aged 55 to 65 in Chile. We use the 1998 CASEN survey elaborated by the Chilean government. Due to regulations established by the current social security law, two social security systems coexist on 1998: the . Pay-as-you-go. and the individual account system. This property of the dataset, allows us to disentangle the effects of those two systems over retirement and labor supply. The results show that social security may significantly affect retirement and labor supply decisions. The effects are mainly twofold. First, larger benefits may induce earlier retirement and lower labor supply and second, larger variance of benefits may induce later retirement and larger labor supply, due to a precautionary motive. This last effect seems to be important when analyzing the path of the Chilean retirement rates on the nineties.
ynthesis of the first 10 years of long-term cological research in Amazonian Forest ecosystem implications for conservation and management

We present a synthesis of the first 10 years of Long Term Ecological Research project in Amazonian Forest. We elucidate the natural dynamics of forest ecosystem processes and associated biota, and its changes caused by distinct pressures of selective timber extraction and forest fragmentation. We found that, for both plants and animals, densities of individuals and distribution of species assemblages are spatially heterogeneous at the mesoscale, even in relatively undisturbed forests, and that associations with topo-edaphic variables allow prediction of a considerable part of this variation. For biological groups whose dynamics were studied in the short-term, levels of change in species composition and densities were relatively high, and these changes were generally in tune with spatial environmental variation. The impact of selective logging on assemblages and ecosystem processes was normally moderate, and around 19 years were needed for recovering forest biomass and tree size distribution. Continued studies are needed to determine the time required for recuperation of timber stocks and pre-logging floristic composition. Selective logging appears to be compatible with the biodiversity conservation, but reduction and better planning of road access may be more important than planned logging intensities. Habitat-loss’ impact on organisms and ecosystem processes is large and long-lasting, since it induces the loss of many taxonomic groups and species, higher tree mortality and accelerated forest dynamics. There was a negative synergy between the impacts of habitat loss and climatic changes, and a better understanding of these processes can only be obtained through long-term research. © 2015 Associação Br ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: fecostabio@gmail.com, fernanda.costa@inpa.gov. ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ncon. 2015.03. 002 679-0073/© 2015 Associação Brasileira de Ciência Ecológica e Conserv asileira de Ciência Ecológica e Conservação. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
Healthy work environments are critical for nurse job satisfaction: implications for Oman.

AIMS To (1) examine the level and variability of nurse work environment and job satisfaction and (2) explore how nurse job satisfaction in tertiary hospitals in Oman is influenced by the nurses' characteristics and work environment. BACKGROUND In Oman and the Middle East, a scarcity of research addressing nurse work environment and job satisfaction exists. Such evidence is necessary for policymaking to positively impact nurse job outcomes, and therefore, quality of care. METHODS We used a cross-sectional descriptive design employing a sample of 454 local and expatriate nurses who responded to a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS The work environment was favourable, and it positively correlated with job satisfaction. Nationality, education, hospital type, staffing, resources and participation in hospital affairs were significant predictors of nurse job satisfaction. The greatest amount of variation in nurse job satisfaction was explained by the work environment. CONCLUSION The influence of work environment on nurse job satisfaction is greater than nurse characteristics and hospital and unit types. Enhancing nurse participation in hospital affairs and providing adequate staffing and resources are central means of establishing healthy work environments, which is an auspicious, cost-effective strategy for satisfying, and therefore, retaining nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY To enhance nurse work environment and job satisfaction in Oman and the Middle East, nurse and health leaders need to consider developing work and professional regulations and adopting policies to promote staffing, resources, wages, and benefits for nurses and encourage their promotion and career advancement; and foster nurse participation in hospital affairs.
Gonadal development and reproductive hormones in infant boys

Background: The intrauterine milieu plays a crucial role for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adulthood, but little is known about its impact on gonadal development and reproduction. Impaired testis development in fetal life can lead to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, impaired semen quality, and testicular cancer, disorders that may present symptoms of a testicular dysgenesis syndrome. The prevalence of these disorders appears to increase in many areas, probably due to environmental factors acting in utero. Denmark has a significantly higher incidence of testicular cancer and lower sperm quality than Finland. Methods: We conducted a population-based study of newborn boys from Denmark and Finland, in order to examine whether this geographic difference was reflected in the reproductive health of newborns. Results: Danish boys had a lower testis volume at birth, a smaller testis growth up to 18 months of age and lower serum inhibin B and FSH levels at 3 months than Finnish. Danish boys also had a higher prevalence of both cryptorchidism and hypospadias than Finnish boys. In boys with cryptorchidism and hypospadias subtle changes in hormonal levels occurred, towards increased gonadotropins and lower inhibin B in cryptorchidism. Both types of congenital malformations were more frequent in children born small for gestational age, indicative of a relationship between growth and reproductive development. Conclusions: These early postnatal findings suggest that the previously observed population differences in reproductive health between young Danish and Finnish men are of fetal origin. The differences may originate as a result of gene-environment interactions, where endocrine disrupters may also play a role.