Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution pattern of swarm-founding eusocial wasps in the Indonesian Archipelago in comparison of that of parrots, one of sedentary bird groups

In the colony founding modes, eusocial wasps are divided into “independent-founders”, which initiate a colony by one to several inseminated females, and “swarm-founders”, which found their new colony by a number of “workers” accompanying one to many “queens”. As the swarm-founders put their trail pheromone on a guide to lead their colony members to a new nesting site, they would not disperse across large water bodies, such as sea and wide rivers. The present-day distribution pattern of swarm-founding wasps on the islands that are currently separated from each other and from continents should reflect the historical geology of these islands. The distribution patterns of the swarm-founding eusocial wasps in the Indonesian Archipelago are characterized by (1) occurrence of Asian continental elements in Borneo and Sumatra and their adjacent small islands, with a few species extending eastwards to Flores of Lesser Sunda Islands; (2) restriction of Australasian elements to New Guinea and its adjacent small islands including Aru; and (3) absence on most islands in Wallacea such as Sulawesi, Moluccas and eastern parts of Lesser Sunda Islands including Timor. These islands where no swarm-founders occur have never merged with any continental (Asian or Australasian) land mass. In the current distribution patterns in the Indonesian Archipelago, the swarm-founding eusocial wasps and the parrots are superficially similar, but their historical biogeography would be quite different.
Informed Trading in Options Markets Surrounding Data Breaches

We explore whether there is informed trading, which takes advantage of data breach events. By analyzing transactions in the options market, we conjecture that there are two distinct informed trading patterns that likely begin approximately three months and nine months prior to corporate data-breach announcements, which are supported by evidence of higher trading volume and open interest for put options, a higher put-to-call volume ratio, a higher put-to-call open interest ratio, and lower spreads prior to data-breach announcements. We further examine stock reactions following data-breach announcements and find signi cantly negative CARs of -0.35% within one day. Cross-sectional analysis provides evidence that put-call ratios have predictive power for stock returns. We provide additional evidences such as the CARs of events with high data-breach probabilities and possible trading strategies in stock markets and options markets.
An Effective and Efficient Enhanced Fixed Rank Smoothing Method for the Spatiotemporal Fusion of Multiple-Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth Products

Current reported spatiotemporal solutions for fusing multisensor aerosol optical depth (AOD) products used to recover gaps either suffer from unacceptable accuracy levels, i.e., fixed rank smooth (FRS), or high time costs, i.e., Bayesian maximum entropy (BME). This problem is generally more serious when dealing with multiple AOD products in a long time series or over large geographic areas. This study proposes a new, effective, and efficient enhanced FRS method (FRS-EE) to fuse satellite AOD products with uncertainty constraints. AOD products used in the fusion experiment include Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) DB/DT_DB_Combined AOD and Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) AOD across mainland China from 2016 to 2017. Results show that the average completeness of original, initial FRS fused, and FRS-EE fused AODs with uncertainty constraints are 22.80%, 95.18%, and 65.84%, respectively. Although the correlation coefficient (R = 0.77), root mean square error (RMSE = 0.30), and mean bias (Bias = 0.023) of the initial FRS fused AODs are relatively lower than those of original AODs compared to Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD records, the accuracy of FRS-EE fused AODs, which are R = 0.88, RMSE = 0.20, and Bias = 0.022, is obviously improved. More importantly, in regions with fully missing original AODs, the accuracy of FRS-EE fused AODs is close to that of original AODs in regions with valid retrievals. Meanwhile, the time cost of FRS-EE for AOD fusion was only 2.91 h; obviously lower than the 30.46 months taken for BME.
Cognitive Processes of the Brain and Learning Theory

The article deals with the cognitive processes of the brain and their interaction with the most common theories of learning. A brief scientific history studying brains is presented , the choice of cognitive processes investigation methodology is proved. The authors hold a view of the famous English mathematician and cosmologist Roger Penrose. His methodological approach resides in the idea that all processes occurring in the brain are the main natural phenomena, so studying of them should become the most important part of interdisciplinary research in physics, mathematics, biology, philosophy and psychology. The interrelation of the process of learning with the quality of brain activity alongside with its structure and functioning is examined. In conclusion stages of human creativity, cognitive processes mechanisms are provided evidence based on the standpoint of specific nature of brain functioning.
Hybrid Infrastructure PPPs in India: Costs, Benefits, and Emerging Risks

The performance of infrastructure public-private partnerships (PPPs) in developing countries has been disappointing, as documented by practitioners and academicians. In India, once one of the world’s largest national PPP markets, private sector interest in conventional PPPs has sharply declined since 2012. Across the developing world, governments and development finance institutions have responded by blending more public money into projects to catalyze private sector investment, especially to achieve priority development targets. But how should the public-private financing balance be structured? Should these be private projects, like traditional PPPs, or public projects, owned and managed by governments? India has been exploring these kinds of issues for several years, and hybrid PPP contract models have emerged to optimize this kind of blending. The knowledge gained in that process offers valuable lessons for projects in other developing countries. This article explains the costs, benefits, risks, and wider implications of using these hybrid PPP models. TOPICS: Emerging markets, legal and regulatory issues for structured finance Key Findings • The disappointing performance of infrastructure public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the developing world is now well documented. Governments and development partners have responded by using public money to catalyze private investment, especially to achieve priority development targets. • The best ways of blending public and private money are not yet clear. Should these be private projects, like traditional PPPs, or public projects, owned and managed by governments? India has developed hybrid PPPs to optimize this kind of blending. • India’s experience with hybrid PPP models offers valuable lessons for projects in other developing countries but have not yet attracted much attention outside India. This article reviews the costs, benefits, risks, and implications of these hybrids.
Enhanced Method of Audio Coding Using CNN-Based Spectral Recovery with Adaptive Structure

A process of spectral recovery can enhance the performance of transform-based audio coding by transmitting only a portion of spectral data and recovering the missing spectral data in the decoder. This study proposes an enhanced method of audio coding based on spectral recovery with an adaptive structure that yields improved sound quality compared with the previous method. The spectral data to be recovered are arranged in an adaptive pattern depending on the difficulty of recovery. In addition, according to the spectral characteristics, prior information associated with these spectral data is selectively transmitted that helps a neural network improve the performance of magnitude recovery. Prior information also provides the signs of recovered magnitudes. A subjective performance evaluation shows that, for mono coding without window switching at 40 kbps, the proposed coding method provides better sound quality than the conventional method on average.1
The Cost-effectiveness of Public and Private Schools of Choice in Wisconsin

ABSTRACT I calculate the cost-effectiveness of private schools participating in school voucher programs, independent charter schools, and district-authorized charter schools, compared to traditional public schools in Wisconsin for the 2017–18 school year. I calculate cost-effectiveness by dividing the Accountability Report Card score for each school by the public dollars invested in each school. Using a cautious analytic approach, I find that private and independent charter schools tend to be more cost-effective than traditional public schools. The most cautious estimates from the regression models controlling for school-level student demographics suggest that independent charter schools and private schools of choice are 29 percent to 30 percent more cost-effective, respectively, than traditional public schools in Wisconsin. Cost-effectiveness does not differ between district-authorized charter school and traditional public school sectors.
Condition of phase angle for a new VDGA-based multiphase variable phase shift oscillator from 0o to 90o

A novel interesting type of variable phase angle voltage mode oscillator using modern building block has been presented in this paper. The new proposed oscillator configuration which uses four voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA) and two grounded capacitors can generate two sinusoidal signals that change out of phase by 0 to 90 degree. It has four floating and explicit voltage mode outputs where every two outputs have the same phase. The circuit is characterized by (i) the condition of phase angle of the oscillation (PO) (this concept is introduced for the first time in this paper) can be tuned electronically (ii) the gain of the floating outputs can be controlled independently (iii) it provides electronic control of condition of oscillation (CO) and independent control of frequency of oscillation (FO). The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output waveforms was obtained and the results were reasonability values (less than 4.5%). The non-ideal analysis and simulation results are investigated and confirmed the theoretical analysis based upon VDGAs implementable in 0. 35μm CMOS technology. Simulation results include time response and frequency response outputs generated by using the PSPICE program.
The Role of Motivation in Curbing Resistance to Innovation in Mobile Payment Services in South Africa: A Focus on University Students

Despite high mobile technologies penetration in South Africa, mobile payment services have been adopted by relatively few users. This study intended to explore the resistance to innovation through examining the reasons for slow adoption of mobile payment services among consumers and how motivation influences the adoption process. Absence of relative advantage, absence of compatibility, complexity, perceived risk and absence of self-efficacy have been employed as factors influencing motivation of consumer’s towards mobile payment services. Non-probability sampling method was used in this study and a sample of 225 respondents participated in the survey. Data was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess the relationships between the research constructs. The software AMOS version 25 was used to conduct path analysis of the postulated hypotheses. All the hypotheses in the study were supported and the results of this study may assist players in the financial sector with better knowledge on the connection between all the recognised affecting components and the customers’ resistance from utilising mobile payment services in South Africa. Furthermore, this research adds towards knowledge endeavouring to minimise the resistance and enhancing the pace at which consumers adopt mobile payment services.
A Novel Enriched Version of Truncated Nuclear Norm Regularization for Matrix Completion of Inexact Observed Data

In recent years, matrix completion has become one of the main concepts in data science. Truncated nuclear norm regularization (TNNR) approximation of the rank function is an example of the favorite approaches in matrix completion that performs better than other approximations like the nuclear norm. In all TNNR based methods, the observed data is considered to be exact, so they do not give an appropriate solution for inexact observed data. But, in real applications, in addition to missing data, observed data may be inaccurate. In this paper, we proposed a novel method based on TNNR that can deal with missing data and inexact observed data by adding some terms in the objective and constraint of the matrix completion problem. Experimental results confirm the quality of our proposed method in comparison with the other state of the art matrix completion and low-rank approximation techniques.
Public participation, engagement, and climate change adaptation: A review of the research literature

There is a clear need for a state‐of‐the‐art review of how public participation in climate change adaptation is being considered in research across academic communities: The Rio Declaration developed in 1992 at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) included explicit goals of citizen participation and engagement in climate actions (Principle 10). Nation states were given special responsibility to facilitate these by ensuring access to information and opportunities to participate in decision‐making processes. Since then the need for public participation has featured prominently in calls to climate action. Using text analysis to produce a corpus of abstracts drawn from Web of Science, a review of literature incorporating public participation and citizen engagement in climate change adaptation since 1992 reveals lexical, temporal, and spatial distribution dynamics of research on the topic. An exponential rise in research effort since the year 2000 is demonstrated, with the focus of research action on three substantial themes—risk, flood risk, and risk assessment, perception, and communication. These are critically reviewed and three substantive issues are considered: the paradox of participation, the challenge of governance transformation, and the need to incorporate psycho‐social and behavioral adaptation to climate change in policy processes. Gaps in current research include a lack of common understanding of public participation for climate adaptation across disciplines; incomplete articulation of processes involving public participation and citizen engagement; and a paucity of empirical research examining how understanding and usage of influential concepts of risk, vulnerability and adaptive capacity varies among different disciplines and stakeholders. Finally, a provisional research agenda for attending to these gaps is described.
Impact of temporomandibular disorders on quality of life

Abstract Introduction: Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) may have a major impact on quality of life. Objective: Thus, this integrative review assessed the impact of TMD on quality of life. Method: An electronic and manual search was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the impact of TMD on an individual’s quality of life. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were met, seven articles were included and evaluated according to the quality of evidence using the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment. Results: The selected studies used different instruments to diagnose temporomandibular joint disorders and measure the quality of life. Only three studies used the RDC/TMD. As for quality of life, the most used instrument was the SF-36, followed by Br-MPQ and WHOQOL-Bref. Conclusion: The findings show that there is a negative impact of temporomandibular dysfunction on quality of life, especially regarding its severity. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Produção de conhecimento sobre terapia ocupacional e ocupações infantis: uma revisão de literatura

Introducao: As ocupacoes infantis sao fundamentais para a compreensao do desenvolvimento infantil enquanto um desenvolvimento ocupacional. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou identificar como os terapeutas ocupacionais tem abordado as criancas enquanto seres ocupacionais. Metodo: Trata-se de um estudo de revisao da literatura, do tipo estado da arte. Foi realizada busca pelos descritores “children’s occupations”, “occupational development” e “occupational therapy” nas bases de dados Web of Science, Eric, Sage e Portal de Periodicos da CAPES, no horizonte temporal de 1997 a 2016. A analise de dados ocorreu por meio da tecnica de Analise do Conteudo. Resultados: Foram encontrados 38 artigos, dos quais 21 foram selecionados para analise, realizada com base em quatro categorias tematicas: 1) Fundamentos teoricos para o estudo das ocupacoes infantis; 2) Ocupacoes infantis e desenvolvimento tipico; 3) Ocupacoes infantis e desenvolvimento atipico; e 4) Intervencoes de terapia ocupacional para potencializar a participacao de criancas em ocupacoes. No que se refere aos tipos de estudos encontrados, predominaram os estudos empiricos e, destes, predominaram os de abordagem quantitativa. A maioria refletiu a perspectiva de familiares sobre as ocupacoes infantis. Conclusao: A intrinseca relacao entre desenvolvimento infantil e ocupacoes infantis reforca a crenca no desenvolvimento ocupacional. A incipiente presenca de pesquisas sobre a participacao de criancas em praticas educacionais, de revisoes sobre ocupacoes infantis e a ausencia de estudos brasileiros nos achados expressam lacunas a serem contempladas em estudos posteriores e indicam demandas para a producao de conhecimento sobre terapia ocupacional e ocupacoes infantis.
The Evolution Process of Entrepreneurship Studies in the 21st Century: Research Insights from Top Business and Economics Journals

The present study involves a literature survey of 1710 entrepreneurship papers published in 28 top business and economics journals in 12 research disciplines. This paper finds that despite increased recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship, the research literature on entrepreneurship remains fragmented. Studies of entrepreneurship processes have been the dominant theme, but new issues of entrepreneurship are emerging. Based on the entrepreneurship reviewed, this paper summarizes potential research directions.
Amic o enemic? Immigration and the Catalan Struggle for Independence

ABSTRACT Immigration has extended to regions with sub-state nationalist movements, such as Scotland, Friesland, the Basque Country and, as is the focus of this research, Catalonia. In a context of political upheaval in the region, this article aims to examine the impact of the successive waves of immigration to Catalonia on the modern independence movement. The respective status of the immigrant population in Catalonia is a major issue about which there is a divergence of opinion. This study approaches attitudes toward immigrants through the threat-benefit framework, which perceives immigrants as both threatening and beneficial for the receiving society. The data, gathered from six focus groups and ten narrative interviews, reveal a complexity of attitudes on the impact of immigration on the secessionist movement. Two themes emerge in the informants’ discussion: ‘Immigration: Rising Benefit’ and ‘(New) Immigration: (New) Challenge’. The comments of the respondents indicate that, against the backdrop of the independence process in the territory, there exists a range of views on the impact of the various waves of migration to Catalonia. This study suggests that a fuller understanding of the situation in the territory may be facilitated by qualitative approaches.
Neural Network Assisted Geometric Shaping for 800Gbit/s and 1Tbit/s Optical Transmission

End-to-end learning for amplified and unamplified links including binary-mapping is proposed to improve the performance of optical coherent systems. 1.0dB and 1.2dB gains are demonstrated on coherent 92GbaudDP-32QAM 800Gb/s and 82GbaudDP-128QAM 1Tb/s measurements, respectively.
Current view and prospect: Implantable pressure sensors for health and surgical care

Health monitoring and screening have entered a period of rapid change. Popular terminology refers to this as mobile health (mHealth), which is a direct evolution of eHealth, but is really data-driven technology—sensors oriented for health care. Medical decision support through this technology is the first step towards more personalized and preventative medicine. Pressure is one of the easiest and most interesting physiological parameters to assess whether organs or biological systems are healthy in the body. Pressure recordings are commonly used for clinical diagnosis and monitoring; however, the invasiveness of current technologies and associated risks of infection limit the windows in which data can be gathered. This review discusses the importance of pressure in the body and how monitoring is performed. It also describes newer and commercially available sensors, as well as how they can be im-proved to become minimally invasive, fully wireless pressure sensors for continuous monitoring.
Effects of oral alcohol administration on heat pain threshold and ratings of supra-threshold stimuli

Abstract Background and aims Evidence for analgesic effects of oral alcohol consumption on heat pain has recently been documented in a placebo-controlled, randomized and double-blind design. We aimed at further investigating these effects and now set the focus on pain threshold and the ratings of supra-threshold pain to cover most of the pain range. Moreover, we now firstly evaluated sex differences in these effects. Methods We investigated 41 healthy participants (22 females) in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled design and targeted two different moderate breath-alcohol levels of 0.06% and 0.08%. Before and after an alcoholic or placebo drink, contact heat was applied at the forearm. Subjects evaluated pain threshold (method of adjustment) and rated pain intensity and pain unpleasantness of supra-threshold stimuli (intensity: threshold +3 °C; duration: 5 s). Results Analgesic effects taking the form of increased pain thresholds were found after both alcohol doses, surprisingly with more pronounced effects for the lower dose. While the high alcohol dose exerted small analgesic effects on pain intensity ratings (i.e. decrease), slightly increased ratings of pain intensity and pain unpleasantness after the low alcohol dose rather suggest pain enhancement. Alcohol did not affect intensity vs. unpleasantness ratings differentially. We found no evidence for sex differences in any of these effects. Conclusions Overall, acute alcohol effects on pain were subtle. Our findings suggest that while low alcohol doses already exert analgesic effects on pain threshold, stronger doses are required for pain reduction on supra-threshold pain levels. Furthermore, sex differences could not be detected within our experimental paradigm but should be further explored in future research. Implications Analgesic effects of sub-toxic alcohol doses – as normally occurring during social drinking – might be weak; however, susceptibility to pain relieving effects of alcohol might be a risk factor for the use of alcohol as self-medication in acute pain states.