Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of the mRNAs encoding the limbic system‐associated membrane protein (LAMP): II fetal rat brain

The limbic system associated membrane protein (LAMP) is a 64–68 kDa neuronal surface glycoprotein expressed in cortical and subcortical regions of the limbic system of the adult and developing rat central nervous system (CNS). LAMP is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules with three Ig domains and is highly conserved between rat and human. In this study, the temporal and spatial pattern of lamp gene expression during fetal rat development was analyzed by using Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. In Northern blot analysis, two lamp mRNA transcripts, 1.6 kb and 8.0 kb, identical in size to those present in the adult rat nervous system, were detected in developing neural tissue. In situ hybridization analysis showed close correlation, though not identity, between the expression of lamp mRNAs and the distribution of LAMP in limbic regions of the developing rat CNS, indicative of a more complex regulation of gene expression than was previously thought to be the case. The expression of lamp mRNAs is first detected on about embryonic day (E) 13. The hybridization signal is not seen in the proliferative ventricular zone at any level of the neuraxis, indicating that lamp is expressed in postmitotic neurons. In the cerebral cortex, lamp mRNAs are expressed in limbic cortical regions, such as the perirhinal cortex, prefrontal cortex, and cingulate cortex. In the hippocampus, the hybridization signal is observed in Ammon's horn by E18. The neostriatum, amygdaloid complex, and most hypothalamic areas express lamp mRNAs from early stages (E13‐E14) in a pattern consistent with the onset of neurogenesis. The emerging patterns of lamp expression at the outset are similar to those seen in adult hypothalamus and dorsal thalamus. Although the hybridization signal is observed in some nonlimbic areas, including midbrain and hindbrain structures, intense labeling is evident in more classic limbic regions. The high levels of expression of lamp in limbic regions, beginning in early developmental stages, combined with the results of previous functional in vitro and in vivo studies, support a role for LAMP as a recognition molecule involved in the formation of limbic connections. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parallel implementations of the False Nearest Neighbors method for distributed memory architectures

The False Nearest Neighbors (FNN) method is particularly relevant in several fields of science and engineering (medicine, economics, oceanography, biological systems, etc.). In some of these applications, it is important to give results within a reasonable time scale; hence, the execution time of the FNN method has to be reduced. This paper describes two parallel implementations of the FNN method for distributed memory architectures. A ‘Single‐Program, Multiple Data’ (SPMD) paradigm is employed using a simple data decomposition approach where each processor runs the same program but acts on a different subset of the data. The computationally intensive part of the method lies mainly in the neighbor search and therefore this task is parallelized and executed using 2 to 64 processors. The accuracy and the performance of the two parallel approaches are then assessed and compared with the best sequential implementation of the FNN method, which appears in the TISEAN project. The results indicate that the two parallel approaches, when the method is run using 64 processors on a SGI Origin 3800, are between 40 and 80 times faster than the sequential one. The efficiency is between 65 and 125%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole genome analysis of an extended pedigree with Prader–Willi Syndrome, hereditary hemochromatosis, and dysautonomia-like symptoms

This report includes the discovery and analysis of a pedigree with Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS), hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), and dysautonomia-like symptoms. Nine members of the family participated in whole genome sequencing (WGS), which enabled a wide scope of variant calling from single-nucleotide polymorphisms to copy number variations. First, a 5.5 Mb de novo deletion is identified in the chromosome region 15q11.2 to 15q13.1 in the boy with PWS. Second, a female invididual with HH is homozygous for the p.C282Y variant in HFE, a mutation known to be associated with HH. Her brother is homozygous for the same variant, although he has yet to be clinically diagnosed with HH. Third, none of the people with dysautonomia-like symptoms carry any reported or novel rare variants in IKBKAP that are implicated in familial dysautonomia (FD - HSAN III). Although two people with dysautonomia-like symptoms carry two heterozygous variants in NTRK1, a gene that has been shown to contribute to HSAN IV (congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, a disease that closely resembles FD), this variant is not present in the third proband. Fourth, WGS revealed pharmacogenetic variants influencing the metabolism of warfarin and simvastatin, which are being routinely prescribed to the proband. Finally, reports of the phenotypes were standardized with the Human Phenotype Ontology annotation, which may facilitate the search for other families with similar phenotypes. Due to the extreme heterogeneity and insufficient knowledge of human diseases, it is of crucial importance that both phenotypic data and genomic data are standardized and shared.
Advance in research on the relationship between mTOR signaling pathway and tumors

Mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is centrally involved in the control of cell growth,proliferation,differentiation and cell cycle regulation.Recent studies have found that the mTOR pathway is complicated and the dysregulation of mTOR pathway is recognized to be associated with lots of tumors.Several inhibitors of mTOR could inhibit oncogene transformation,growth and angiogenesis of tumors.So far,four inhibitors of mTOR have been tested in clinical trials,and some have been accessed to phase Ⅱ or Ⅲ trial.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the regulators that govern mTOR pathway activity,and highlight clinical results obtained with the first generation of mTOR inhibitors to reach the oncology clinics.
Preliminary survey of mammalian resourcesin Yerengu Nature Reserve in Fang county, Hubei province

The survey of mammalian resources were investigated in Yerengu Nature Reserve in Fang county, Hubei province from July to August 2004. 61 species subordinating to 8 orders, 26 families were recorded respectively. An investigating of the biogeographic origin of this mammal fauna indicates that 37 species belong to the Oriental realm, 15 species belong to the Palaearctic realm, and 9 species are widely distributed. 14 species in this reserve have been identified as nationally protected rare mammals and 18 species are protected by province. The wild mammalian resources are evaluated, and the countermeasures for protection are proposed.
METACLADISTICS

Donoghue ( 1985: 177) observed incomplete resolution when constructing cladograms of single organisms as terminal taxa, and he used the metaspecies convention to designate certain sets of individuals in those unresolved assemblages (e.g. A-C in Fig. l ) . ’ He proposed annotating a metaspecies binominal with an asterisk (? .a, Archaeoptevx lithographica*; Gauthier, 1986), in order to distinguish i t from demonstrably monophyletic species taxa (e.g. D-F in Fig. 1 ) . Donoghue (personal communication) would crcate a new binominal for unnamed metaspecies, although he has yet t o do so in his research on Viburnum (Caprifoliaceae ; Donoghue, 1982), where he developed an awareness for the problem of incomplete resolution. Polytomies result whenever synapomorphies are absent or incongruent, and Donoghue ( 1985: 186; also personal communication) intended metaspecies for the former situation. For example (Fig. I ) , (A, B, C) is a metaspecies if, and only if, the evidence is confined to characters 1-2 in Table 1. As soon as a synapomorphy is discovered that delimits all or some of the members of a metaspecies, the metaspecies convention no longer applies, at least as it was originally attributed. Similarly, metaspecies no longer applies whenever a synapomorphy is discovered that links one or more ofthe members ofthe metaspecies to another clade. For example (Fig. I ) , (A, B, C) is not a metaspecies if any of the other synapomorphies (3-8) in Table 1 are observed. Mishler and Brandon (1987: 412; see also Gauthier, 1984, 1986) suggested generalizing the concept of“metaphy1y” to higher taxa “that are not known to be either paraphyletic or monophyletic”, and Estes et al. (l988), Etheridge and de Queiroz (1988), and Gauthier et al. (1988) formaIly applied the convention to various squamates (Kluge, 1989a). Mishler and Brandon’s proposal is significantly different from Donoghue’s (198.5) metaspecies formulation, and it seems that most, if not all, of the higher metataxon examples are already provided for by one of Wiley’s ( 198 1 ) taxonomic conventions. As I noted above, a metaspecies does not include any recognized clades, nor any recognized evidence for such relationships (e.g. characters 6, 7 or 8 in Table 1; see Fig. l ) , whereas each monophyletic higher taxon in a polytomy is expected to be delimited by at least one synapomorphy. This distinction is important, because “the recognition of subdivisible unresolved [higher taxonomic] groups is arbitrary” (Gauthier et al., 1988: 16). For example, in their studies ofsquamate relationships, Estes et al. (1988) stated that Iguania is an unresolved assemblage, consisting of Acrodonta (agamid arid chamaeleonid squamates) and eight monophyletic higher taxa referred to as Iguanidae* (see also Etheridge and de Queiroz, 1988). According to Gauthier et al.
Effects of MIF Recombinant Plasmid Transfection on Human Cervical Cancer Cells SiHa and Its Influence on CyclinD1 Expression

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) in human cervical cancer cells SiHa transfected MIF recombinant plasmid and its influence on CyclinD1expression. Methods Recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-N1-MIF was constructed and identified,then transfected into human cervical cancer cells SiHa using a liposome approach. The expression of MIF in supernatant fluid was detected by ELISA. The changes of MIF,CyclinD1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry respectively. MTT assay and Boyden small chamber were performed to examine the changes of cell proliferation and migration in vitro respectively.Results The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-MIF was constructed successfully and transfected into SiHa cells. The expression level of MIF in supernatant fluid of the experimental group was higher than that in negative control group and blank control group(P0.01). After transfection,the MIF,CyclinD1 mRNA and protein expression level in experimental group were significantly higher than that in negative control group and blank control group(P0.01). In comparison with negative control group and blank control group,the proliferation and migration ability in vitro of experimental group was significantly higher(P0.01). Conclusion MIF expression level in SiHa cells is increased after recombinant plasmid transfection. The over-expression of MIF gene can significantly promote proliferation and migration ability of SiHa cells in vitro,and up-regulate the expression of CyclinD1.
Projections of individual purkinje cells of identified zones in the ventral nodulus to the vestibular and cerebellar nuclei in the rabbit

The projections of Purkinje cells from zones in the ventral nodulus of pigmented rabbits were studied with the use of extracellulary injected biocytin as an anterograde tracer. The zones were physiologically identified according to the complex spike modulation of Purkinje cells in response to optokinetic stimulation. Purkinje cells in the most medialzone do not respond to optokinetic stimulation; they project to the fastigial nucleus, the perifastigial white matter, the periinterposed white matter, and the medial vestibular nucleus. In the adjacent zone, Purkinje cells respond best to optokinetic stimulation about the vertical axis; they project to the periinterposed white matter and the medial vestibular nucleus. Purkinje cells in the next zone respond best to optokinetic stimulation about an axis approximately perpendicular to the ipsilateral anterior canal; they project to the periinterposed white matter, dorsal group y, the superior vestibular nucleus, and the medial vestibular nucleus. In the most lateral zone, Purkinje cells respond best to optokinetic stimulation about the vertical axis; they project to the periinterposed white matter, dorsal group y, and the medial vestibular nucleus. The majority of axons gave off collaterals and innervated more than one nucleus. Often, three or four different areas received terminals from a single Purkinje cell axon. The zonal projection pattern of the ventral nodulus is compared to that of the flocculus, which, with respect to the visual climbing fiber afferents, has similar zones. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Warehouse Vis: A Visual Analytics Approach to Facilitating Warehouse Location Selection for Business Districts

Selecting a proper warehouse location serving to satisfy the demands of the goods from a certain business area is important to a successful retail business. However, the large solution space, uncertain traffic conditions, and varying business preferences impose great challenges on warehouse location selection. Conventional approaches mainly summarize relevant evaluation criteria and compile them into an analysis report to facilitate rapid data absorption but fail to support a comprehensive and joint decision‐making process in warehouse location selection. In this paper, we propose a visual analytics approach to facilitating warehouse location selection. We first visually centralize relevant information of warehouses and adapts a widely‐used methodology to efficiently rank warehouse candidates. We then design a delivering estimation model based on massive logistics trajectories to resolve the uncertainty issue of traffic conditions of warehouses. Based on these techniques, an interactive framework is proposed to generate and explore the candidate warehouses. We conduct a case study and a within‐subject study with baseline systems to assess the efficacy of our system. Experts ‘feedback also suggests that our approach indeed helps them better tackle the problem of finding an ideal warehouse in the field of retail logistics management.
TERRA INCOGNITA: UPDATES ON FEEDING NONFIBER CARBOHYDRATES TO DAIRY COWS (YES, IT DOES MATTER)

In the year 1565, Paolo Forlani drew a map of the known world that showed landmarks familiar to us today: North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa are readily recognized. However, South America and Australia are attached to Antarctica, North America appears to be connected to Asia, and some of the proportions of the continents or coastlines seem a bit off from what current satellite maps would indicate. Unicorns, rhinoceroses, and camels were shown to inhabit Antarctica. The cartographer was correct in many large details, incorrect in others, and the fine points certainly needed improvement. There were also certain areas of the map that were labeled “Terra Incognita” – which is Latin for “Unexplored Territories”. No one had yet sent back reports from those lands, and so there was no information about them.
Steering Image Generation with Wavelet Based Perceptual Metric

It is often the case that images generated by image synthesis algorithms are judged by visual examination. The user resorts to an iterative refinement process of inspection and rendering until a satisfactory image is obtained. In this paper we propose quantitative metrics to compare images that arise from an image synthesis algorithm. The intent is to be able to guide the refinement process inherent in image synthesis. The Mean‐Square‐Error (MSE) has been traditionally employed to guide this process. However, it is not a viable metric for image synthesis control. We propose the use of a wavelet based perceptual metric which incorporates the frequency response of the Human Visual System. A useful aspect of the wavelet based metric is its ability to selectively measure the changes to structures of different sizes and scales in specific locations. Also, by resorting to the use of wavelets of various degrees of regularity, one can seek different levels of smoothness in an image. It is rare that such level of control can be obtained from a metric other than a wavelet based metric. We show the usefulness of our metric by examining its effectiveness in providing insights for common operations of an image synthesis algorithm (e.g., blurring). We also provide some examples of its use in rendering algorithms frequently used in graphics.
Reproductive isolation of sympatric forms of the understorey palm Geonoma macrostachys in western Amazonia

The evolution of a mechanism for attaining reproductive isolation between two diverging populations is a key step in the speciation process. We studied phenotypic variation, genetic differentiation, spatial distribution and reproductive ecology in two sympatric forms of the understorey palm Geonoma macrostachys in lowland tropical rainforest in Amazonian Ecuador. The two forms were morphologically and genetically distinct and differed in habitat preference, with one form being confined to moist flood plain habitats and the other occurring in terra firme and flood plain. Pollen transfer between the two forms was limited, but not totally prevented, by differences in flowering time, with flowers of the small form opening 2–3 h earlier than those of the large form. Differences in floral scent probably reduce the number of shared pollinators. A crossing experiment showed that pistillate flowers of either form produced fruit with pollen from the other form. We conclude that flowering biology may be a key factor in causing reproductive isolation between these closely related sympatric taxa.
Activity of gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma: A review

In early phase II trials in advanced pancreatic cancer, gemcitabine demonstrated modest antitumor activity. The investigators in these studies reported that gemcitabine should be studied further in view of the degree and frequency of symptomatic improvement observed, the durability of some of the remissions, and the favorable toxicity profile.
Survey of the Methods for Long Term Storage of Poultry Eggs

Effect of liquid n-paraffin (Crystol-70, Esso) coating shell on the egg quality during the storage was studied. Eggs within 12 hours after lay were oiled (0.3ml/egg) with an electric sprayer. Oiled (2310) and untreated (2310) eggs were placed in an unairconditioned room for the periods of December 5-April 4, February 3-June 3, April 14-August 12, June 6-October 4, August 6-December 4, and October 2-January 30, and in a refrigerator (4-5°C) for the period of April 22-August 20. Thirty untreated eggs and 30 oiled eggs were weighed and broken for the measuremenets of albumen height and yolk height on the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 th day of the storage.Average Haugh units, albumen height, yolk height and decrease in egg weight are given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4, respectively. The relationship of oiling treatment, storage temperature and storage time to Haugh unit, albumen height, yolk height and decrease in egg weight are illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4, respectively.Although oiling eggs resulted in a significantly higher interior quality of eggs either in winter seasons or in refrigerator, the effect of oiling was more pronounced for the maintenance of interior quality of eggs in the storage experiment during the warm (April-October) months.Oiling treatment significantly reduced the incidence of rotten eggs or eggs with a collapsed yolk when stored during the summer season (Table 5). Agarose gel-electropherogram of albumen of eggs stored for 120 days revealed a significant difference in protein zones between oiled and untreated eggs. Electrophoretic protein zones of oiled eggs which were stored for 120 days were similar to those of the fresh eggs (Fig. 5).
Liposarcomas

FTER Virchow26 described the microscopic A appearance of a liposarcoma in 1857 and published a larger work26 on the same neoplasm in 1865, there was a gradual relaxing of criteria to include all supporting tissue neoplasms that arose in adipose tissue as liposarcomas. In 1925, Caldwell and Zinningers proposed a strict classification as follows: (1) lipomyosarcomas, (2) lipomas with areas of sarcomatous degeneration, usually spindle celled fibrosarcomas, and (3) true liposarcomas. Under this classification the neoplasms discussed by Virchow269 26 were considered lip* myxosarcomas and not true liposarcomas. In 1935 Ewing12 concluded that myxoliposarcoma was an embryonal type of liposarcoma in which small blood vessels and myxomatous tissue were the predominant histological features, and that they were analogous to embryonic adipose tissue. The adult liposarcoma, as characterized by Ewing, was composed of spindle and polyhedral cells having granular cytoplasm with or without fat droplets. He believed that these cells were derived from adult fat cells. Stout23 in 1944 proposed the following classification of liposarcomas, which has gained wide acceptance: Type 1: well differentiated myxoid type (the usual type of embryonal liposarcoma) characterized by small spindleand stellate-shaped lipoblasts containing droplets of lipid with interspersed adult fat cells supported by a mucinous matrix, and a conspicuous capillary network. T y p e 2: poorly differentiated myxoid type that is similar to type 1 except that the lipoblasts are large, more bizarre, and often have giant hyperchromatic nuclei. Multinucleated cells may be found, and adult type of fat cells are infrequent or absent. Areas of spindle cell sarcoma may be present, and the capillary network is not as conspicuous as in type 1. Mitotic figures are rare. Type 3: round cell or adenoid type, which
QTLs for Agronomic Traits in Tetraploid Wild Emmer Wheat, Triticum Dicoccoides

The objective of the present study is to reveal and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring agronomic traits in tetraploid wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. An F 2 mapping population with 150 individuals was developed by crossing T.dicoccoides accession Hermon H52 with T.durum cultivar Langdon. Two versions of PCR based molecular framework maps were constructed each mainly comprising of codominant markers and the dominant markers in coupling phase. Total map size exceeded 3000 cM and covered the entire genome. The following 11 traits of agronomic importance were measured: Plant height (HT), heading date (HD), spike number/plant (SNP), spikelet number/spike (SLS), spike weight/plant (SWP), single spike weight (SSW), kernel number/plant (KNP), kernel number/spike (KNS), kernel number/spikelet (KNL), 100 grain weight (GWH) and grain yield/plant (YLD). A new computer program MultiQTL was used to conducted the single QTL analysis. Forty nine QTLs were revealed for the 11 traits ranging from two (HT) to seven (GWH) QTLs per trait. All the QTLs were proven significant at 5% or higher level by permutation test. Binomial test indicated that large number of QTLs were not detected by chance, and so were real. The QTLs were not randomly distributed among chromosomes and along chromosomes. Most of the QTLs clustered in six regions on four chromosomes. Twenty three major QTLs (p0 001) were identified for the 11 traits, and more than half (17) of them clustered in three regions on chromosomes 2A and 5A. Many of the QTLs were mapped to very small chromosomal segments of 5 cM. Some cryptic beneficial alleles were uncovered from T.dicoccoides. The present study confirms that T.dicoccoides is a valuable germplasm for wheat improvement, could accelerate the genetic analysis of wheat, and has laid a solid foundation for QTL introgression and cloning from T.dicoccoides.