Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of router standby mechanism for smart and cooperation network

This paper is devoted to researching the routing reliability and router standby mechanism for smart and cooperation network. The method of updating and initiating the standby router has been also provided. With the aid of virtual interface, both the main router and standby router will be transparent to the network. Through Mini-Net simulated experiment, this paper has verified the mechanism. It is found that the mechanism of router standby can effectively cope with the network interruption caused by the failed router. It has the advantage of fast handoff and low latency.
A New Combined Methodology for Write-Margin Extraction of Advanced SRAM

As SRAM integration scheme becomes more and more aggressive in term of development time, supply voltage and geometric dimension, parameter extraction techniques need to be continuously upgraded to ensure the best support for technology development. An innovative approach for write-margin extraction has recently been published at the ISSCC'2006 conference. This approach makes use of test structure giving access to internal node. Here, this approach is evaluated through our 65 nm process and it is shown that the layout and probing of the innovative test structure induces a write delay. As a consequence an adaptation of this innovative methodology is proposed. The new combined solution gives promising results, in terms of accuracy and spread, to better follow the process development of advanced SRAM.
Cell Wall and Morphological Changes Induced by Temperature Shift in Bacillus subtilis Cell Wall Mutants

Bacillus subtilis RUB1012 and RUB1013 have the following phenotype when grown at 45°C: no growth on tryptose blood agar base, growth as clumps of spheres in broth culture, a slow autolysis rate, and a low proportion of teichoic acid to peptidoglycan. Revertants of strain RUB1012 (RUB2032, RUB2012, and RUB2042) that could grow on tryptose blood agar base were isolated. Each revertant had a different proportion of teichoic acid to peptidoglycan. The nanomoles of phosphorus per milligram of cell wall at the nonpermissive temperature were 141, 160, 236, and 541 for strain RUB1012 and revertants RUB2032, 2012, and 2042, respectively, as compared with 1,100 for the parent strain. With most bacteriophage tested, plating efficiency was related to the amount of glucosylated teichoic acid. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study strain RUB2032 during a shift from growth at 30°C to growth at 45°C. The change from rod to sphere began with the thickening of the cylindrical portion of the cell. Caps of the cells appeared to be immune to the thickening process. During growth, the cells became progressively shorter and thicker, and cell separation was inhibited. When cells of strain RUB2032 were shifted from growth at 45°C to growth at 30°C, accumulation of an amorphous material on the outer surfaces of the cells preceded the change from sphere to rod morphology. Cells remained clumped, with rods appearing at the periphery of the clumps. Analysis by DNA-mediated transformation and PBS1-mediated transduction indicated that strains RUB1012 and RUB1013 have multiple mutations mapping in the same region as other cell wall mutations.
A Cancer Stem Cell Potent Cobalt(III)–Cyclam Complex Bearing Two Tolfenamic Acid Moieties

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for cancer relapse. CSCs are a subtype of cancer cells with the ability to differentiate, self-renew, and form secondary or tertiary tumors. Current cancer treatments—including chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery—effectively remove bulk cancer cells but are unable to eliminate CSCs. Here, we present the synthesis, characterization, and anti-CSC properties of a cobalt(III)–cyclam complex bearing two tolfenamic acid moieties, 3. Notably, 3 displays sub-micromolar potency towards breast CSCs and bulk breast cancer cells. Detailed mechanistic studies show that 3 is taken up readily by breast CSCs, enters the nucleus, causes DNA damage, and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, 3 inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in CSCs. The mechanism of action of 3 is similar to that of a naproxen-appended cobalt(III)–cyclam complex, 1 recently reported by our group. The advantage of 3 over 1 is that it has the potential to remove whole tumor populations (bulk cancer cells and CSCs) with a single dose.
Case Study of Occupational Safety and Health in Haiti ’ s Apparel Sector : Third Year Follow-up

This document summarizes the third year follow-up for a set of longitudinal cases that are part of an evaluation of Better Work Haiti (BWH) conducted by a team of researchers from Tufts University. The long term goals of this study are to explore the potential for change in occupational safety and health (OSH) in Haiti’s apparel sector, and more specifically the role of BWH in improving OSH conditions over time. It is the hope that this multi-year case study will help identify the drivers of change in BWH apparel factories, and the Haitian context for inhibiting or promoting these changes.
Functional Interactions between Herpesvirus Oncoprotein MEQ and Cell Cycle Regulator CDK 2

JUINN-LIN LIU, YING YE, ZHENG QIAN, YONGYI QIAN, DENNIS J. TEMPLETON, LUCY F. LEE, AND HSING-JIEN KUNG* Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Station, East Lansing, Michigan 48823; Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817
Influence of aerosol acidity on the chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol from β-caryophyllene

The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield of β-caryophyllene photooxidation is enhanced by aerosol acidity. In the present study, the influence of aerosol acidity on the chemical composition of β-caryophyllene SOA is investigated using ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-TOFMS). A number of first-, second- and higher-generation gas-phase products having carbonyl and carboxylic acid functional groups are detected in the particle phase. Particle-phase reaction products formed via hydration and organosulfate formation processes are also detected. Increased acidity leads to different effects on the abundance of individual products; significantly, abundances of organosulfates are correlated with aerosol acidity. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of organosulfates and nitrated organosulfates derived from a sesquiterpene. The increase of certain particle-phase reaction products with increased acidity provides chemical evidence to support the acid-enhanced SOA yields. Based on the agreement between the chromatographic retention times and accurate mass measurements of chamber and field samples, three β-caryophyllene products (i.e., β-nocaryophyllon aldehyde, β-hydroxynocaryophyllon aldehyde, and β-dihydroxynocaryophyllon aldehyde) are suggested as chemical tracers for β-caryophyllene SOA. These compounds are detected in both day and night ambient samples collected in downtown Atlanta, GA and rural Yorkville, GA during the 2008 August Mini-Intensive Gas and Aerosol Study (AMIGAS).
Catch‐up and targeted growth following variable duration protein restriction: Effects on bone and body mass

Protein malnutrition leads to growth retardation that can be reversed through catch‐up growth, once normative nutrition is restored. Because growth is a dynamic process, catch‐up capacity is likely influenced by the maturity of the animal and/or the duration of the insult, in addition to the type of insult experienced. We compared length of malnutrition, sexual dimorphism, body mass, and skeletal growth. Eighty Rattus norvegicus were divided into 10 treatment groups (five diets; male and female) and followed for more than 1 year. At weaning, animals were placed on either a control or low‐protein isocaloric diet. Three experimental groups were switched to the control diet at 40, 60, or 90 days. Beginning with 21 days of age, animals were weighed daily and radiographed throughout the study. To determine the presence of catch‐up growth, growth rates (GRs) were calculated (linear regression) for 20‐day time spans before and after diet changes and compared among treatment groups. Targeted growth was measured as final size or as the coefficient of variation with age. These results show that 1) protein‐restricted animals experience catch‐up growth with dietary rehabilitation; 2) for females, catch‐up GRs are proportional to GRs in control animals at the same age as the timing of dietary rehabilitation but not for males; and 3) targeted growth was observed in some, but not all, aspects of anatomy. The length of the tibia and humerus was indistinguishable from controls, regardless of length of malnutrition or gender, whereas the ulna and male body mass exceeded control sizes. Although most measures decreased in variation with ontogeny, the tibia failed to do so. These results support a complex biological regulation of catch‐up and targeted growth. The implications for selection are that flexible and responsive developmental trajectories may have an advantage over those programed into a single size. J. Morphol. , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distributed Task Allocation of Mobile Robotic Sensor Networks with Guaranteed Connectivity

Robotic sensor network (RSN) contains mobile sensors and robots providing feasible solution for many multi-agent applications. One of the most critical issues in RSN and its application is how to effectively assign tasks. This paper presents a novel connectivity preserving hybrid task allocation strategy to answer the question particularly for RSN. Firstly, we model the task allocation in RSN to distinguish the discovering and allocating processes. Secondly, a fully distributed simple Task-oriented Unoccupied Neighbor Algorithm, named TUNA, is developed to allocate tasks with only partial view of the network topology. A connectivity controller is finally developed and integrated into the strategy to guarantee the global connectivity of entire RSN, which is critical to most RSN applications. The correctness, efficiency and scalability of TUNA are proved with both theoretical analysis and experimental simulations. The evaluation results show that TUNA can effectively assign tasks to mobile robots with the requirements of only a few messages and small movements of mobile agents.
X-ray-induced debromination of nucleic acids at the Br K absorption edge and implications for MAD phasing.

Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) using brominated derivatives is considered a common and convenient technique for solving chemically synthesized nucleic acid structures. Here, it is shown that a relatively moderate X-ray dose (of the order of 5 x 10(15) photons mm(-2)) can induce sufficient debromination to prevent structure determination. The decrease in bromine occupancy with radiation dose can be accounted for by a simple exponential, with an estimated rate constant at the absorption-peak wavelength, 7.4 (0.8) MGy, that is not significantly different from its value at the absorption-edge wavelength, 9.2 (2.6) MGy (the given e.s.d.s assess the relative closeness of the two values, not their absolute accuracy, which is probably worse). Chemically, these results (and others) are consistent with bromine cleavage resulting from direct photodissociation and/or from the action of free electrons, rather than from the action of hydroxyl radicals originating from water dissociation. The free bromine species (Br(-)) diffuse too quickly, even in amorphous ice around 100 K, to allow the determination of a diffusion coefficient. From a practical point of view, it is suggested that a single data collection with a crystal consisting of iodinated instead of brominated derivatives could provide both anomalous scattering and SIR phase information by the progressive cleavage of iodine.
Structure of the C‐terminal heme‐binding domain of THAP domain containing protein 4 from Homo sapiens

The thanatos (the Greek god of death)-associated protein (THAP) domain is a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain that contains a C2-CH (Cys-Xaa{sub 2-4}-Cys-Xaa{sub 35-50}-Cys-Xaa{sub 2}-His) zinc finger that is similar to the DNA domain of the P element transposase from Drosophila. THAP-containing proteins have been observed in the proteome of humans, pigs, cows, chickens, zebrafish, Drosophila, C. elegans, and Xenopus. To date, there are no known THAP domain proteins in plants, yeast, or bacteria. There are 12 identified human THAP domain-containing proteins (THAP0-11). In all human THAP protein, the THAP domain is located at the N-terminus and is {approx}90 residues in length. Although all of the human THAP-containing proteins have a homologous N-terminus, there is extensive variation in both the predicted structure and length of the remaining protein. Even though the exact function of these THAP proteins is not well defined, there is evidence that they play a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle modulation, chromatin modification, and transcriptional regulation. THAP-containing proteins have also been implicated in a number of human disease states including heart disease, neurological defects, and several types of cancers. Human THAP4 is a 577-residue protein of unknown function that is proposed to bind DNA in a sequence-specificmore » manner similar to THAP1 and has been found to be upregulated in response to heat shock. THAP4 is expressed in a relatively uniform manner in a broad range of tissues and appears to be upregulated in lymphoma cells and highly expressed in heart cells. The C-terminal domain of THAP4 (residues 415-577), designated here as cTHAP4, is evolutionarily conserved and is observed in all known THAP4 orthologs. Several single-domain proteins lacking a THAP domain are found in plants and bacteria and show significant levels of homology to cTHAP4. It appears that cTHAP4 belongs to a large class of proteins that have yet to be fully functionally characterized. On the basis of prior work, we predicted that cTHAP4 is composed of a heme-binding nitrobindin domain, making THAP4 the only human THAP protein predicted to bind a cofactor. Nitrobindin, a recently characterized protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, is structurally similar and exhibits nitric oxide (NO)-binding properties that resemble the heme-binding nitrophorins. Nitrophorins use a heme moiety to store, transport, and release NO in a pH-specific manner. Although the exact function of nitrobindin is not fully known, the similarities between the well-characterized nitrophorins imply a role in NO transport, sensing, or metabolism. To better elucidate the possible function of THAP4, we solved the hemebound structure of cTHAP4 to a resolution of 1.79 {angstrom}. « less
Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament for Treatment of Patellofemoral Instability: A Systematic Review

Background Growing awareness of the biomechanical contribution of the medial patellofemoral ligament has led to an upsurge in the publication of techniques and trials dealing with reconstructive techniques, warranting a review that includes the most recent evidence. Study Design Systematic review. Methods The authors undertook a systematic electronic search and rigorous screening process to find and identify published evidence describing the outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Results Fourteen trials were included for analysis. Although they showed generally excellent outcomes for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction modalities, there were several recurring weaknesses. Most were small case series, many had limited follow-up, and a majority employed other adjunctive techniques besides medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, making it difficult to distinguish the determining factors in their outcomes. Conclusion There is limited but growing evidence that a medial patellofemoral ligament—based surgical approach to patellofemoral instability leads to excellent functional outcomes.
The case for onlays versus tooth-colored crowns.

About 38 million indirect fixed restorations were placed in the United States in 2011, according to estimates from the National Association of Dental Laboratories (B. Napier, executive director, National Association of Dental Laboratories, Tallahassee, Fla., written communication, July 1, 2012). And about 5 percent of those indirect restorations were onlays and inlays, with the remainder being full crowns (T. Limoli, president, Limoli and Associates, Arlington, Tenn., written communication, July 1, 2012).
Investigating the Interactions of Yeast Prions: [SWI+], [PSI+], and [PIN+]

Multiple prion elements, which are transmitted as heritable protein conformations and often linked to distinct phenotypes, have been identified in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been shown that overproduction of a prion protein Swi1 can promote the de novo conversion of another yeast prion [PSI+] when Sup35 is co-overproduced. However, the mechanism underlying this Pin+ ([PSI+] inducible) activity is not clear. Moreover, how the Swi1 prion ([SWI+]) interacts with other yeast prions is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the Pin+ activity associated with Swi1 overproduction is independent of Rnq1 expression or [PIN+] conversion. We also show that [SWI+] enhances the appearance of [PSI+] and [PIN+]. However, [SWI+] significantly compromises the Pin+ activity of [PIN+] when they coexist. We further demonstrate that a single yeast cell can harbor three prions, [PSI+], [PIN+], and [SWI+], simultaneously. However, under this condition, [SWI+] is significantly destabilized. While the propensity to aggregate underlies prionogenesis, Swi1 and Rnq1 aggregates resulting from overproduction are usually nonheritable. Conversely, prion protein aggregates formed in nonoverexpressing conditions or induced by preexisting prion(s) are more prionogenic. For [PSI+] and [PIN+] de novo formation, heterologous “facilitators,” such as preexisting [SWI+] aggregates, colocalize only with the newly formed ring-/rod-shaped Sup35 or Rnq1 aggregates, but not with the dot-shaped mature prion aggregates. Their colocalization frequency is coordinated with their prion inducibility, indicating that prion–prion interactions mainly occur at the early initiation stage. Our results provide supportive evidence for the cross-seeding model of prionogenesis and highlight a complex interaction network among prions in yeast.
Proteomic changes in cerebrospinal fluid from primary central nervous system lymphoma patients are associated with protein ectodomain shedding

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are mature B-cell lymphomas confined to the central nervous system (CNS). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction drastically alters the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome in PCNSL patients. To reveal the interaction of PCNSL tumors with CNS structures and the vasculature, we conducted a whole-proteome analysis of CSF from PCNSL patients (n = 17 at initial diagnosis) and tumor-free controls (n = 10) using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified 601 proteins in the CSF proteome using a one-step approach without further prefractionation, and quantified 438 proteins in detail using the Hi-N method. An immunoassay revealed that 70% of the patients in our unselected PCNSL patient cohort had BBB dysfunction. Correlation analysis indicated that 127 (30%) of the quantified proteins were likely increased in PCSNL patients due to BBB dysfunction. After the exclusion of these proteins, 66 were found to differ in abundance (fold-change > 2.0, p < 0.05) between PCNSL and control CSF proteomes, and most of those were associated with the CNS. These data also provide the first evidence that proteomic changes in CSF from PCNSL patients are mainly associated with protein ectodomain shedding, and that shedding of human leukocyte antigen class 2 proteins is a mechanism of tumor-cell immune evasion.
Methionine Sources do not Affect Performance and Carcass Yield of Broilers Fed Vegetable Diets and Submitted to Cyclic Heat Stress

The supplementation of vegetal diets with L-methionine (100% molar), methionine hydroxyl analogue (HMB) (88% molar) or DLmethionine (99% molar) was compared as to the performance of broilers allocated in cages and submitted to cyclic heat stress (CHS). The trial was carried out from 21 to 42 days of age. Two levels of synthetic methionine were supplemented for each methionine source (0.1 or 0.3 %), and the control treatment was not supplemented with synthetic methionine (negative control). Statistical analyses included the negative control treatment or were performed in a 3 x 2 factorial design (sources x levels). Addition of synthetic methionine to the basal level containing 0.63 % of total sulphur amino acids significantly improved feed conversion (FC) independent of the source. On the other hand, improvements in weight gain (WG) and body weight (BW) were more consistent comparing the negative control to HMB-supplemented treatments. Factorial analysis showed better FC for L-Met compared to DL-Met, whereas HMB showed intermediate results. The supplementation level of 0.3% methionine showed better FC than 0.1%. Methionine levels or sources had no effects on carcass, yields of cuts or feathering results. Therefore, results of DL-Met and HMB added to vegetal-based diets in comparable molar terms promoted similar performance in broilers under CHS conditions.
Interaction of estradiol and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on follicle stimulating hormone release in cattle.

To study the mechanism by which estradiol induces a preovulatory surge of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), we concluded experiments designed to determine: (1) the time course of change in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-induced FSH release after estradiol in vivo, and (2) whether LHRH is required to trigger the FSH surge. Steers were given 1 microgram LHRH at 20-min intervals for 10 h, beginning 2, 8, 12 or 20 h after estradiol. During this period, serum samples were collected every 2 h (just before every sixth injection). The magnitude of LHRH-induced FSH release from baseline to peak was 40 ng/ml in oil-treated controls and increased (P less than .05) to 77 ng/ml when estradiol was given 2 h earlier. When LHRH was given starting at 8, 12 or 20 h after estradiol, the FSH response to LHRH was further augmented (P less than .001) so that the increment from baseline was about 150 ng/ml. To determine whether estradiol alters LHRH-induced FSH release in ovariectomized (ovx) cows as it does in steers, we gave ovx cows 1 microgram LHRH every 20 min beginning 2 or 8 h after estradiol. Serum samples were collected every 80 min (just before every fourth injection). When LHRH treatment began 2 h after estradiol, LHRH-induced FSH release was blocked (P less than .025) at 80 min after LHRH, but increased thereafter. When LHRH was given starting at 8 h after estradiol, concentrations of FSH increased 156 ng/ml above baseline. This release of FSH exceeded (P less than .001) the comparable value for cows given LHRH after oil (37 ng/ml). Furthermore, the LHRH-induced FSH release initiated 8 h after estradiol resembled the preovulatory and estradiol-induced FSH surges in magnitude (greater than 180 ng/ml), duration (8 to 10 h) and general shape. These results demonstrate that estradiol initially inhibits, then augments the capacity of the pituitary to secrete FSH in response to LHRH stimuli. The pituitary attains peak sensitivity long before the expected surge. Thus, we hypothesize that increased LHRH secretion triggers the FSH surge.