Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medication Errors Are Preventable

The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) defines a "medication error" as "any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer. At many occasions a medication error can be caught or is rectified before its administration, thereby preventing harm to patient. This is referred as near miss medication error. Medication errors are broadly classified into prescription error, dispensing error and administration errors. And these errors have significant epidemiological as well as financial burden on healthcare infrastructure. Behavioural sensitization of the involved healthcare professionals can play a vital role in prevention of these medication errors. Also, initiatives at the administrative level of healthcare systems, especially with the implementation of technological tools like computerized physician order entry, barcoding etc. are proving to be a positive steps towards controlling this menace.
“Outsiders with Deep Pockets”: The Nationalization of Local School Board Elections

Recent election cycles have seen growing attention to the role of “outside” money in urban school board elections. Using an original data set of more than 16,000 contributions covering election cycles from 2008 to 2013 in four school districts (Los Angeles, CA; New Orleans, LA; Denver, CO; Bridgeport, CT), we show how large national donors play a significant role. Our study links two dynamic fields that are rarely studied together: (1) the behavior of wealthy donors in a changing national campaign finance system and (2) the evolving politics of urban education. By examining donor networks, we illuminate the mechanisms behind the nationalization of education politics and national donor involvement in local campaigns. We show that shared affiliations through education organizations are significantly associated with school board campaign contributions.
Using predictive control and q-ZSI to drive an induction motor supplied by a PV generator

A quasi Z source inverter (q-ZSI) is utilized for driving induction motor fed by a standalone PV generator. The q-ZSI let the system to contain an energy storage part without any need for a charging circuit. Predictive torque control (PTC) is used to drive the induction motor because of its fast characteristic. PTC method can consider the variations of the inverter's input voltage and exert the proper switching state before any deterioration. This method leads to a small, compact, and single stage hardware which is controlled by one processing system. The validity of the proposed method is verified by simulations results.
Protein–protein docking using 3D‐Dock in rounds 3, 4, and 5 of CAPRI

In rounds 3–5 of CAPRI, the community‐wide experiment on the comparative evaluation of protein–protein docking for structure prediction, we applied the 3D‐Dock software package to predict the atomic structures of nine biophysical interactions. This approach starts with an initial grid‐based shape complementarity search. The product of this is a large number of potential interacting conformations that are subsequently ranked by interface residue propensities and interaction energies. Refinement through detailed energetics and optimization of side‐chain positions using a rotamer library is also performed. For rounds 3, 4, and 5 of the CAPRI evaluation, where possible, we clustered functional residues on the surfaces of the monomers as an indication of binding sites, using sequence based evolutionary conservations. In certain targets this provided a very useful tool for identifying the areas of interaction. During round 5, we also applied the techniques of side‐chain trimming and geometrical clustering described in the literature. Of the nine target complexes in rounds 3–5, we predicted conformations that contained at least some correct contact residues for seven of these systems. For two of the targets, we submitted predictions that were considered as medium‐quality. These were a nidogen–laminin complex for target 8 (T08) and a serine‐threonine phosphatase bound to a targeting subunit (T14). For a further three target systems, we produced models that were rated as acceptable predictions. Proteins 2005;60:281–288. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An anti‐repression Fur operator upstream of the promoter is required for iron‐mediated transcriptional autoregulation in Helicobacter pylori

The Fur protein acts as a regulator of iron‐dependent gene transcription in bacteria. In Helicobacter pylori, Fur regulates iron‐activated and iron‐repressed promoters. It also acts as an autoregulatory rheostat of transcription to fine‐tune its own expression in response to iron by binding to three operators at its own promoter Pfur . Using biochemical and genetic analyses, here we show that the distal upstream operator III (centred at −110) is essential for iron regulation of Pfur and functions as an anti‐repression site that is bound by the iron‐free form of Fur to induce transcription. Furthermore, operator I (centred at −50) may have a dual role both as a high‐affinity binding site for Fur and as an UP element. We propose that its role is ensuring that Fur expression is not repressed below a minimum threshold level. Our data supports a novel promoter architecture and mechanism of regulation by Fur.
Health Selection Theory: An Explanation for the Paradox between Perceived Male Well-Being and Mortality

Paradoxically, men report better health and quality of life than women, but men experience higher mortality rates than women at most ages. One conclusion from these findings is that men have been selected to disregard signs of ill health, or even to deceive themselves about their health, to their detriment because presenting themselves as healthy has fitness benefits. We hypothesize that men have been sexually selected to present themselves to women as healthy but that the cost of not attending to their minor health problems results in earlier mortality than women. We present a review of the human and primate literature that supports health selection theory, the hypothesis that females have preferentially selected males who present themselves as healthy.
Unconditionally provably secure cancelable biometrics based on a quotient polynomial ring

The Correlation Invariant Random Filtering (or CIRF) is an algorithm for cancelable biometrics, and known to have provable security. However, the security proof requires a strong assumption with regard to biometric features, which is rarely satisfied in practice. In this paper we examine the security of the CIRF when the assumption is not satisfied, and show that there are problems in secrecy of the feature and diversity of cancelable templates. To address these problems, we interpret the CIRF from an algebraic point of view, and generalize it based on a quotient polynomial ring. Then we prove several theorems which derive a new transformation algorithm for cancelable biometrics. The proposed algorithm has provable security without any condition of biometric features.
A method of automatic feature extraction from massive vibration signals of machines

In the studies of intelligent fault diagnosis of machines, lots of effort goes into designing effective feature extraction algorithms. Such processes would consume plenty of human labor, especially when dealing with massive vibration signals. So it is interesting to automatically extract features using machine learning techniques, instead of manually extracting them. To deal with the problem, this paper presents a new automatic feature extraction method of machines. The proposed method first learns features from the vibration signals by K-means, and then maps the learned features into a salient low-dimensional feature space using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Through the feature extraction results of a bearing dataset, it is verified that the proposed method is able to effectively learn the features from the raw vibration signals and is superior to the manual features like time-domain features and wavelet features. Therefore, the proposed method has potential to be a tool in the automatic data mining of intelligent fault diagnosis.
The molecular regulation of myogenesis

Over the past years, several studies have unraveled important mechanisms by which the four myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs: MyoD, Myf‐5, myogenin, and MRF4) control the specification and the differentiation of the muscle lineage. Early experiments led to the hypothesis that these factors were redundant and could functionally replace one another. However, recent experiments using in vivo and in vitro models have demonstrated that in fact different aspects of the myogenic program are controlled by different factors in vivo, suggesting that these factors play distinct roles during myogenesis. The activity of the MRFs during proliferation and differentiation of muscle precursor cells has clearly been demonstrated to be dependent on specific cell‐cycle control mechanisms as well as distinct interactions with other regulatory molecules, such as the ubiquitously expressed E proteins and several other transcription factors. Furthermore, the observation that the MRFs can recruit chromatin remodeling proteins has shed some light on the mechanisms by which the MRFs activate gene expression. Recently, a functional role for MyoD during satellite cell activation and muscle repair has been identified in vivo, which cannot be substituted for by the other MRFs. This has put forward the hypothesis that these factors also play specific biological roles following muscle injury and repair.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ULTRA-THIN SECTIONS OF BACTERIA I

In the course of cytological studies of a few selected species of bacteria by the techniques of ultra-thin sectioning and electron microscopy, some new and si8nificant information has been obtained concerning cellular division in Bacillus cereus. The cytoloqg of bacterial cellular division inYneS-a_ number of structures aiid ev-ts which are beyond the resolution limit of the light microscope. The complexity of these structures and -the psi'bl1e variatiow whfch differences in species, age of culture, and growth conditions may introduce have made it impossible to make reliable interpretations by indirect methods. This has led to considerable confuwsion as is apparent from any review of the literature. It is hoped that some of the observations made in the present investigation will remove a little of that confusion and point the way to much greater contributions of the method in the future.
Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy: new insights and management

In this article, we review the virology, pathology, epidemiology and clinical spectrum of intrauterine human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection, including intrauterine fetal death, non‐immune hydrops fetalis, thrombocytopenia and neurological manifestations such as pediatric stroke and perivascular calcifications. In addition, we discuss the new insights into the neurodevelopmental outcome of intrauterine B19V infection. Current diagnosis and management of B19V infection is summarized, including a diagnostic and follow‐up flowchart for practical clinical use. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
European Compound Options Writtenon Perpetual American Options

It may seem counterintuitive, but valuing “perpetual” options, with infinite maturity, can be easier than pricing those that expire at a fixed date. At least Samuelson found it so in 1965. In this article, Barone extends the valuation models for perpetual options to cover American calls and puts on dividend-paying stocks, and European options written on these infinite maturity contracts. Formulas for the Greek letter risks are presented, as well as an analysis of how put-call parity works for them. Along the way, additional results are developed for first-touch digital options, both perpetual and finite maturity.
Drowning of British children abroad.

AIMS To quantify the risks of British children drowning abroad. METHODS The numbers of British children drowning abroad were estimated for 1996-2003 using the RoSPA/RLSS press cutting database. We compared these figures with the numbers of British children going abroad from the International Passenger Survey from the Office of National Statistics. RESULTS Sixty-eight children (45 boys-23 Girls) drowned in the eight-year period: 48 (71%) in swimming pools (mostly in hotels). Allowing for exposure, the rate was higher in North America [5.2 (CI 2.9-9.4)/million tourists] than the European Union [1.9 (CI 1.4-2.5)/million tourists] p = 0.002. DISCUSSION On average eight British children drown each year abroad. This is therefore a rare but tragic event. Most of these episodes happen in swimming pools and this needs to be compared to the one child that dies each year in municipal swimming pools in the United Kingdom where there is adequate lifeguarding. It may be that parents have a false sense of security for their children in pools abroad. We believe that there needs to be action from the European Union on this important event.
Developmental improvement in the regularity and packing of mouse horizontal cells: Implications for mechanisms underlying mosaic pattern formation

The present investigation has sought to determine whether the population of retinal horizontal cells undergoes an increase in the precision of its mosaic patterning during postnatal development, and if so, whether this increase is compatible with three different mechanistic accounts of retinal mosaic formation. Horizontal cells were labeled with antibodies to neurofilaments or calbindin at different developmental stages, and then visualized in retinal wholemounts. Multiple fields were sampled from each retina to determine horizontal cell density, while the X–Y coordinates of each cell in a field were determined. An estimate of total horizontal cell number was calculated for each retina, while the Voronoi domain regularity index and the packing factor were computed for each field. Two strains of mice showing a two-fold difference in the size of their horizontal cell population in maturity were sampled, C57BL/6J and A/J. Horizontal cell number in C57BL/6J was approximately twice that observed in A/J at all postnatal stages, with neither strain showing an effect of age on horizontal cell number. In both strains, however, the Voronoi domain regularity index and the packing factor were significantly lower at P-1 relative to later developmental stages. These results show that accounts of mosaic formation proposing the selective death of irregularly positioned cells, or the periodic occurrence of fate-determining events, are insufficient to establish the final patterning achieved by horizontal cells. Rather, they support the hypothesis that tangential dispersion enhances mosaic patterning during postnatal development.
Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni in ruminants

SUMMARY Multi-locus sequence typing was performed on 1003 Campylobacter jejuni isolates collected in a 2-year longitudinal study of 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in Lancashire, UK. There was considerable farm-level variation in occurrence and prevalence of clonal complexes (CC). Clonal complexes ST61, ST21, ST403 and ST45 were most prevalent in cattle while in sheep CC ST42, ST21, ST48 and ST52 were most prevalent. CC ST45, a complex previously shown to be more common in summer months in human cases, was more prevalent in summer in our ruminant samples. Gene flow analysis demonstrated a high level of genetic heterogeneity at the within-farm level. Sequence-type diversity was greater in cattle compared to sheep, in cattle at pasture vs. housed, and in isolates from farms on the Pennines compared to the Southern Fylde. Sequence-type diversity was greatest in isolates belonging to CC ST21, ST45 and ST206.
Infection of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells with Primary R5-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Inhibited by Natural Polyreactive Anti-CCR5 Antibodies Purified from Cervicovaginal Secretions

ABSTRACT Heterosexual contact is the primary mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) transmission worldwide. The chemokine receptor CCR5 is the major coreceptor that is associated with the mucosal transmission of R5-tropic HIV-1 during sexual intercourse. The CCR5 molecule is thus a target for antibody-based therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking HIV-1 entry into cells. We have previously demonstrated that polyreactive natural antibodies (NAbs) from therapeutic preparations of immunoglobulin G and from human breast milk contain NAbs directed against CCR5. Such antibodies inhibit the infection of human macrophages and T lymphocytes by R5-tropic isolates of HIV in vitro. In the present study, we demonstrate that human immunoglobulins from the cervicovaginal secretions of HIV-seronegative or HIV-seropositive women contain NAbs directed against the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5. Natural affinity-purified anti-CCR5 antibodies bound to CCR5 expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells and further inhibited the infection of macrophages and dendritic cells with primary and laboratory-adapted R5-tropic HIV but not with X4-tropic HIV. Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies moderately inhibited R5-tropic HIV transfer from monocyte-derived dendritic cells to autologous T cells. Our results suggest that mucosal anti-CCR5 antibodies from healthy immunocompetent donors may hamper the penetration of HIV and may be suitable for use in the development of novel passive immunotherapy regimens in specific clinical settings of HIV infection.
Changes in rat uterine estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels during estrogen- and progesterone-induced estrogen receptor depletion and subsequent replenishment.

The overall objectives of this study were to determine whether the rapid decrease in estrogen receptor (ER) binding in the rat uterus after an injection of estradiol and subsequent recovery of ER levels was accompanied by similar changes in ER mRNA levels. Furthermore, the effect of progesterone administered under conditions known to decrease ER binding, in the rat uterus, on ER mRNA levels was also investigated. Ovariectomy for 14 days brought about a 3-fold increase in rat uterine ER mRNA levels, and these elevated levels were decreased by a 3-day treatment with 2 micrograms of estradiol in ethanol/saline injected i.p. In the ovariectomized rat, 1 and 5 micrograms of estradiol brought about small but significant decreases in ER mRNA levels in 1 h, which did not parallel the rapid decrease in ER binding at that time reported earlier. The 10-micrograms dose of estradiol brought about a bigger decrease in ER mRNA levels. In the ovariectomized rat primed with estradiol (2 micrograms/day in ethanol/saline), the administration of 2 micrograms of estradiol brought about no change in uterine ER mRNA levels at 6 h as compared to the 1-h time point if the values were not corrected for beta-actin, which was significantly increased at 6 h. A dramatic increase in ER mRNA levels 12 h after the estradiol injection preceded the increase in ER binding observed at 18 h. Progesterone (0.8 mg/kg body weight [BW]) in the absence of estrogen priming brought about minimal but significant inhibition of ER mRNA levels 12 and 18 h after administration, with no effects at 1 and 6 h. In the presence of estrogen priming, the 0.8-mg/kg BW dose of progesterone did not cause any changes in ER mRNA levels beyond those brought about by estrogen alone after 1 h, even though it has been shown to significantly decrease ER binding. This was also true when a larger dose of progesterone (2.0 mg/kg BW) was used, a dose that decreases ER binding to a significantly greater extent than the 0.8-mg/kg BW dose. However, the 4.0-mg/kg BW dose of progesterone decreased ER mRNA levels. Thus a single injection of estradiol appears to cause a decrease in ER binding primarily by accelerated receptor processing and degradation with small changes in ER mRNA within the first hour. A significant increase in uterine ER mRNA at 12 h precedes increased ER binding at 18 h. This indicates new synthesis of ER during the recovery period. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
HIGHER ORDER BINARY OPTIONS AND MULTIPLE-EXPIRY EXOTICS

In this paper we extend Buchen's method to develop a new tech- nique for pricing of some exotic options with several expiry dates (more than 3 expiry dates) using a concept of higher order binary option. At rst we intro- duce the concept of higher order binary option and then provide the pricing formulae of n-th order binaries using PDE method. After that, we apply them to get the pricing of some multiple-expiry exotic options such as Bermudan option, multi time extendable option, multiple shout option and etc. Here, when calculating the price of concrete multiple-expiry exotic options, we do not try to get the formal solution to corresponding initial-boundary problem of the Black-Scholes equation, but explain how to express the expiry payos of the exotic options as a combination of the payos of some class of higher order binary options. Once the expiry payos are expressed as a linear com- bination of the payos of some class of higher order binary options, in order to avoid arbitrage, the exotic option prices are obtained by static replication with respect to this family of higher order binaries.
Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.

BACKGROUND In developing countries the duration and severity of diarrheal illnesses are greatest among infants and young children with malnutrition and impaired immune status, both factors that may be associated with zinc deficiency. In children with severe zinc deficiency, diarrhea is common and responds quickly to zinc supplementation. METHODS To evaluate the effects of daily supplementation with 20 mg of elemental zinc on the duration and severity of acute diarrhea, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial involving 937 children, 6 to 35 months of age, in New Delhi, India. All the children also received oral rehydration therapy and vitamin supplements. RESULTS Among the children who received zinc supplementation, there was a 23 percent reduction (95 percent confidence interval, 12 percent to 32 percent) in the risk of continued diarrhea. Estimates of the likelihood of recovery according to the day of zinc supplementation revealed a reduction of 7 percent (95 percent confidence interval, -9 percent to +22 percent) in the risk of continued diarrhea during days 1 through 3 and a reduction of 38 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 27 percent to 48 percent) after day 3. When zinc supplementation was initiated within three days of the onset of diarrhea, there was a 39 percent reduction (95 percent confidence interval, 7 percent to 61 percent) in the proportion of episodes lasting more than seven days. In the zinc-supplementation group there was a decrease of 39 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6 percent to 70 percent) in the mean number of watery stools per day (P = 0.02) and a decrease of 21 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 10 percent to 31 percent) in the number of days with watery diarrhea. The reductions in the duration and severity of diarrhea were greater in children with stunted growth than in those with normal growth. CONCLUSION For infants and young children with acute diarrhea, zinc supplementation results in clinically important reductions in the duration and severity of diarrhea.