Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the Effectiveness of Countermeasures to Prevent Motor Vehicle Crashes among Young Drivers

Abstract Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of injury and death among adolescents 16 to 19 years of age. Three areas of countermeasures for decreasing young driver risk are driver education, licensing policies, and parental management. Driver education is an essential part of teaching adolescents the rules of the road and operating a vehicle; however, it has not proven to prevent MVCs among young drivers. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) is a policy innovation accepted widely in the U. S. that delays licensure and restricts driving among novices under the most dangerous conditions. GDL programs have effectively reduced motor vehicle crashes where adopted; however, adoption and effectiveness of these policies vary. Parental management of teen driving has not been systematically studied until recently and may be an important part of reducing teen driving risk. Research indicates that parents place modest restrictions on their teens' driving and that restrictions are related to fewer risky driving behaviors, tickets, and MVCs. The Checkpoints Program aims to increase parental management of teen driving and has been shown to do so in short-term follow-ups in several randomized trials. Each countermeasure is important to teen safety and may need improvements; however, the greatest protection against MVCs among young drivers would be to provide better integration among, and wider implementation of, countermeasures.
Performance Affected by Guard Period with Cyclic Prefix Introducing in OFDM Technology in DAB System

OFDM is a special form of multicarrier modulation (MCM), where a single data stream is transmitted over a number of lower rate subcarriers. OFDM is a combination of modulation and multiplexing. Multiplexing generally refers to independent signals, those produced by different sources. So it is a question of how to share the spectrum with these users. In OFDM the question of multiplexing is applied to independent signals but these independent signals are a sub-set of the one main signal. In OFDM the signal itself is first split into independent channels, modulated by data and then re-multiplexed to create the OFDM carrier. One of the main reasons to use OFDM is to increase the robustness against frequency selective fading and narrowband interference. In a single carrier system, a single fade or interferer can cause the entire link to fail, but in a multicarrier system, only a small percentage of subcarriers will be affected. Error correction coding can then be used to correct the few erroneous sub carriers. This paper presents the use of guard period with cyclic prefix in OFDM's current form and its impact.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Effect of interaction specificity on the phase behaviour of patchy particles

We report a numerical study on the phase behaviour of a ‘patch–anti-patch’ model for particles with tetrahedrally arranged attractive spots. In particular, we compute the phase equilibria between the fluid and a low density diamond cubic (DC) crystal for different realizations of the patch–anti-patch interaction. By increasing the ‘specificity’ of the patches, i.e. lowering the number of corresponding attractive ‘anti-patches’ to a given patch, we find that the metastability gap between the DC freezing boundary and the liquid–gas critical point widens considerably. We argue that this effect of interaction specificity is relevant for the description of protein phase diagrams, as patch–anti-patch interactions can stabilise relatively open, ordered structures.
Toward a View of Complementarity

The extant literature argues that nonmarket strategies can establish, sustain, or enhance a firm’s competitive advantage. Less clear is how and why effective nonmarket strategies influence a firm’s competitiveness. Moreover, the extant literature tends to examine the two building blocks of nonmarket strategy—corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate political activity (CPA)—separately. In this article, we extend trust to the nonmarket environment. We analyze how CSR and CPA complement each other to create strong trust between firms and the polity, and how they consequently influence government policy. We show the mediating role of trust in policy influence, and argue that CSR and CPA should be aligned for the successful influence of salient government policy.
Barriers to downward carbon emission: Exploring sustainable consumption in the face of the glass floor

Abstract The present study explores the constraining forces to reducing greenhouse-gas emissions (GHG) via alternative and/or reduced consumption. The analysis of introspection, netnography, ethnographic work, and 18 interviews demonstrates that needs are not innate human requirements and that consumers are not free and autonomous agents able to incorporate reduce or alternative consumption within their lifestyles. Specifically, our analysis shows the existence of barriers to downward carbon emission. These barriers, which we combined under the concept of the glass floor, represent sociocultural standards preventing our informants from achieving their goal of reducing their carbon footprint. Our findings are presented around two main themes: the social construction of needs and the social imaginary.
FROM BINARIES TO MULTIPLES. II. HIERARCHICAL MULTIPLICITY OF F AND G DWARFS

Statistics of hierarchical multiplicity among solar-type dwarfs are studied using the distance-limited sample of 4847 targets presented in the accompanying Paper I. Known facts about binaries (multiplicity fraction 0.46, lognormal period distribution with median period 100 yr and logarithmic dispersion 2.4, and nearly uniform mass-ratio distribution independent of the period) are confirmed with a high statistical significance. The fraction of hierarchies with three or more components is 0.13 ± 0.01, and the fractions of targets with n = 1, 2, 3, … components are 54:33:8:4:1. Subsystems in the secondary components are almost as frequent as in the primary components, but in half of such cases both inner pairs are present. The high frequency of those 2+2 hierarchies (4%) suggests that both inner pairs were formed by a common process. The statistics of hierarchies can be reproduced by simulations, assuming that the field is a mixture coming from binary-rich and binary-poor environments. Periods of the outer and inner binaries are selected recursively from the same lognormal distribution, subject to the stability constraint and accounting for the correlation between inner subsystems. The simulator can be used to evaluate the frequency of multiple systems with specified parameters. However, it does not reproduce the observed excess of inner periods shorter than 10 days, caused by tidal evolution.
Consequences of spatial autocorrelation for niche‐based models

Summary 1Spatial autocorrelation is an important source of bias in most spatial analyses. We explored the bias introduced by spatial autocorrelation on the explanatory and predictive power of species’ distribution models, and make recommendations for dealing with the problem. 2Analyses were based on the distribution of two species of freshwater turtle and two virtual species with simulated spatial structures within two equally sized areas located on the Iberian Peninsula. Sequential permutations of environmental variables were used to generate predictor variables that retained the spatial structure of the original variables. Univariate models of species’ distributions using generalized linear models (GLM), generalized additive models (GAM) and classification tree analysis (CTA) were fitted for each variable permutation. Variation of accuracy measures with spatial autocorrelation of the original predictor variables, as measured by Moran's I, was analysed and compared between models. The effects of systematic subsampling of the data set and the inclusion of a contagion term to deal with spatial autocorrelation in models were assessed with projections made with GLM, as it was with this method that estimates of significance based on randomizations were obtained. 3Spatial autocorrelation was shown to represent a serious problem for niche-based species’ distribution models. Significance values were found to be inflated up to 90-fold. 4In general, GAM and CTA performed better than GLM, although all three methods were vulnerable to the effects of spatial autocorrelation. 5The procedures utilized to reduce the effects of spatial autocorrelation had varying degrees of success. Subsampling was partially effective in avoiding the inflation effect, whereas the inclusion of a contagion term fully eliminated or even overcompensated for this effect. Direct estimation of probability using variable simulations was effective, yet seemed to show some residual spatial autocorrelation effects. 6Synthesis and applications. Given the expected inflation in the estimates of significance when analysing spatially autocorrelated variables, these need to be adjusted. The reliability and value of niche-based distribution models for management and other applied ecology purposes can be improved if certain techniques and procedures, such as the null model approach recommended in this study, are implemented during the model-building process.
Online Trajectory Generation of a 2 Link Robot in Presence of Obstacle

Online coordination of multiple robots working on a single workstation requires special attention. In these applications it is generally necessary that the robot arm follow a desired path in workspace so that it does not crash with any obstacle or the other robots. In this paper a two link planar robot crossing a rectangular obstacle is considered. The proposed idea is to define the relationship between obstacle's dimensions and the required joints trajectories parameters which allow the robot to reach its destination in the presence of an obstacle. First, the desired path for robot avoiding the obstacle is defined using a fourth degree polynomial. Corresponding robot joints trajectories are defined using a sinusoidal function with four parameters. Next, Design of Experiments (DOE) technique is utilized. Three levels for width and length of the obstacle are used as input and a full factorial DOE with nine experiments is defined. Instead of using the inverse kinematics, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to obtain parameters of the robot joint sinusoidal functions. A second degree regression is used to obtain the relationship between each of the four sinusoidal function parameters and the obstacle dimensions. The obtained regression equations allow online changes to the trajectory as obstacle dimensions change. Four case studies, different obstacle dimensions, are simulated using the two link robot. The results show that using the obtained relationships the robot reaches its desired destination, with high accuracy, while avoiding the obstacles.
Structural analysis of the SDSS Cosmic Web – I. Non-linear density field reconstructions

This study is the first in a series in which we analyse the structure and topology of the Cosmic Web as traced by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The main issue addressed in the present study is the translation of the irregularly distributed discrete spatial data in the galaxy redshift survey into a representative density field. The density field will form the basis for a statistical, topological and cosmographic study of the cosmic density field in our Local Universe. We investigate the ability of three reconstruction techniques to analyse and investigate web-like features and geometries in a discrete distribution of objects. The three methods are the linear Delaunay Tessellation Field Estimator (DTFE), its higher order equivalent Natural Neighbour Field Estimator (NNFE) and a version of the Kriging interpolation adapted to the specific circumstances encountered in galaxy redshift surveys, the Natural Lognormal Kriging technique. DTFE and NNFE are based on the local geometry defined by the Voronoi and Delaunay tessellations of the galaxy distribution. The three reconstruction methods are analysed and compared using mock magnitude- and volume-limited SDSS redshift surveys, obtained on the basis of the Millennium simulation. We investigate error trends, biases and the topological structure of the resulting fields, concentrating on the void population identified by the Watershed Void Finder. Environmental effects are addressed by evaluating the density fields on a range of Gaussian filter scales. Comparison with the void population in the original simulation yields the fraction of false void mergers and false void splits. In most tests DTFE, NNFE and Kriging have largely similar density and topology error behaviour. Cosmetically, higher order NNFE and Kriging methods produce more visually appealing reconstructions. Quantitatively, however, DTFE performs better, even while being computationally far less demanding. A successful recovery of the void population on small scales appears to be difficult, while the void recovery rate improves significantly on scales >3 h-1 Mpc. A study of small-scale voids and the void galaxy population should therefore be restricted to the local Universe, out to at most 100 h-1 Mpc.
The application of qPCR for characterization of LQTS-specific cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells

Background and aims: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherent cardiac disorder causing severe arrhythmias due to mutations in cardiac ion channel genes. Four founder mutations causing LQTS have been identified from Finland and they disrupt functions of cardiac potassium ion channels. The aim of this study was to characterize expressions of ion channel genes or their allelic expression variation in three different experiments by using qPCR. In cell line characterization experiment was evaluated applicability of cell lysis -based genotyping method to characterize cardiac cell lines. The aim of the second experiment was to evaluate impacts of allelic expression differences on disease phenotype variation and development. The last experiment was used for examining capacity of single-cell qPCR method to detect specific gene expression within single cardiomyocytes. Methods: qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels of ion channel genes or structural genes within LQTS-specific cardiomyocytes. The TaqMan® Sample-to-SNPTM Kit was tested in order to characterize KCNQ1 mutated heterozygous cardiac cell lines. Allelic imbalance determination was performed using plasmid-derived standard curve method for each Finnish founder mutations. The Single cell-to-CTTM Kit was used to detect expression of TNNT2 at the single cell level and cell population level. Results: The used cell lysis -based genotyping method succeeded to characterize cardiac cell lines and any disruption was not detected during analyses. Allelic imbalance determination study revealed that KCNQ1-FinA and KCNQ1-FinB specific cardiomyocytes expressed alleles of KCNQ1 with allelic ratios 3:1 indicating that expression of wild type allele was three-fold as compared to expression of mutant allele within these LQT1-specific cells. The Single cell-to-CTTM Kit did not manage to detect gene expression of TNNT2 within single cell samples and its expression at population level was also reduced. Conclusions: The detected allelic ratio 3:1 (WT:MUT) within KCNQ1-FinA and KCNQ1FinB mutated cardiomyocytes could result in milder phenotypic effects due to that higher expression of wild type alleles may suppress effects of mutations. Milder phenotypic effects have been thought to be reason for unique enrichment of founder mutations among Finnish population. Therefore, allelic imbalance occurring in disease-causing genes can be a significant disease phenotype modifier. To validate this hypothesis, larger study population of mutation carriers with high phenotypic variation is needed. If correlation between allelic imbalance and phenotypic variation is detected, the allelic expression variation might be confirmed to be one explaining genetic factor to affect phenotypic variation.
La Web 2.0 en el aula de traducción

168 Panace@. Vol. IX, n.o 26. Segundo semestre, 2007 1. Introducción Con el advenimiento de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y las plataformas de enseñanza virtual, como WebCT y Moodle, muchas instituciones educativas de ámbito universitario han empezado a introducir asignaturas y cursos virtuales en sus planes de estudio. Por ejemplo, la oferta de asignaturas optativas y de libre configuración del Centro de Enseñanzas Virtuales de la Universidad de Granada (CEVUG) para el curso académico 2007-2008 asciende a 67 en total. En el caso de la traducción, este tipo de enseñanza no sólo favorece la comunicación entre docentes y discentes, dada la responsabilidad del profesor frente a sus alumnos, sino que acerca un poco más a los futuros traductores a la realidad profesional. Trabajos como los de O’Hagan y Ashworth (2002) y O’Hagan (1996) ya anunciaban la importante presencia que tendrían en nuestros días los entornos digitales en la traducción, y estudios como el de Olvera Lobo et al. (2005) demuestran el creciente interés de las empresas en el dominio de las TIC de los recién licenciados. Las ventajas que ofrece el diseño de una asignatura virtual son varias, ya que desaparece la idea del profesor como única fuente de información y conocimiento. Por ejemplo, uno de los pilares básicos de la enseñanza virtual (conocida también como e-learning) es aumentar la motivación del alumno y fomentar el trabajo en grupo —tan importante en la práctica de la traducción— gracias a las herramientas disponibles, como los foros de discusión o los chats. De esta forma, el docente puede actuar como guía en el proceso de aprendizaje del alumno para que sea éste el verdadero protagonista de su formación, junto con el resto de compañeros (Salinas, 2004: 7). En el ámbito de la traducción, autores como Alcina Caudet (2002) y Robinson, López Rodríguez y Tercedor Sánchez (2006) han investigado sobre los beneficios que ofrece este nuevo método de enseñanza, cuyos resultados recalcan la importancia que tienen para un alumno tanto la autoevaluación de sus traducciones como la evaluación del trabajo de sus compañeros, todo siempre guiado por un profesor-tutor. Por otro lado, hay que subrayar que el papel que desempeña la labor de documentación en la profesión del traductor es vital para lograr con éxito su misión, fundamentalmente cuando se trabaja con textos especializados en aspectos científicos y técnicos (medicina, física, matemáticas, etc.), en los que el alumno es normalmente lego en la materia. Por ello, obras como la de Gonzalo García y García Yebra (2004) tienen como objetivo describir las diversas opciones de las que dispone el traductor para documentarse sobre un tema especializado en La Web 2.0 en el aula de traducción Pablo Muñoz Sánchez*
Subjective experience of architectural objects: A cross-cultural study

The purpose of the present study was to compare Serbian and Japanese participants in their subjective experience of Serbian and Japanese architectural objects. Subjective experience was operationalized through the ratings on the bipolar scales (e.g. pleasant-unpleasant). In the Preliminary study 1, a set of twelve rating scales was generated. In the Preliminary study 2 twelve Serbian and twelve Japanese architectural objects were specified. In the main experiment two groups of participants, twenty-one Serbian and twenty Japanese, rated twelve Serbian and twelve Japanese objects. A factor analysis extracted three dimensions of subjective experience: Beauty, Firmness and Fullness. Analysis of variance have shown that both Serbian and Japanese participants agreed that Japanese architectural objects looked more beautiful and firmer than Serbian objects. These finding is generally in line with perceptualist hypothesis that stimulus constraints are more effective than culture. However, interactions revealed some cultural differences that are consistent with culturalist hypothesis: compared to Serbian participants, Japanese participants rated Japanese architectural objects as more beautiful, whereas, compared to Japanese, Serbian participants rated Serbian objects as less fragile and emptier than Japanese objects. Generaly, our study have shown that Serbian (Western) and Japanese (Eastern) participants show general similarity in their subjective experience of architectural objects. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179033]
Analyzing ICT Policy in K-12 Education in Sudan (1990-2016)

The aim of this study of ICT policy in K-12 education in Sudan is to investigate the status of planning for technology in education and then determine how the advantage of ICT can best serve the educational system and improve educational outcomes. The study examined two plans for ICT in education, addition to an interview with the educational planning manager, and information center of federal ministry of general education, and other documents from the ministry of education, as well as recommendations of previous studies which emphasized the need for policy to be compatible with other countries may face semi conditions of Sudan, and importance of compatible with UNESCO declarations (Incheon& Qingdao, 2015). The results of this study showed the need for policy emphasis on using technology in education, K-12 education in Sudan requires better technology equipment, inclusive ICT policy includes primary and secondary education need to formulate. The study also suggests that evaluation and assessment are required in order to get more effective solutions and cope with the international educational progress of ICT in K-12 education.
Kadmiyum’un Vicia peregrina L. Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi, Kök Gelişimi ve Kök Ucu Hücreleri Üzerindeki Mitotik Etkileri

Bu calismada, onemli cevre kirleticilerinden biri olan kadmiyum (CdCl 2 )’ un bir yem bitkisi olan fig ( Vicia peregrina) tohumlarinin cimlenmesi, kok buyumesi ve kok ucu hucrelerinin mitoz bolunmeleri uzerine etkileri arastirilmistir. Denemelerde Cd +2 un farkli konsantrasyonlari (0.125, 0.250, 0.500, 1 ve 2 mM Cd +2 ) kullanilmistir. Dusuk Cd ++ konsantrasyonlari ile muamele edilen tohumlarin cimlenmesinde kontrole gore belirgin bir farkin olmadigi, ancak yuksek konsantrasyonlarda cimlenmenin azaldigi gozlenmistir. Ayrica uygulanan tum konsantrasyonlarda, kok buyumesi kontrole gore engellenmistir. Kadmiyum’ un konsantrasyon artisina paralel olarak, hucre bolunmesinin azaldigi, metafaz plaginda toplanamama, anafazda kalgin kromozom, kopru ve telofazda geri kalmis kromozom gibi cesitli mitotik anormalliklerin arttigi tespit edilmistir.