Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiography of infants and children

Since pediatric radiology has become an established subspecialty of radiology, it is quite natural that books on radiography of infants and children should be published. In this well-illustrated volume Dr. Darling has thoroughly outlined all the special techniques and restraining devices used on infants. In particular, he has noted the use of protective measures in radiography of children, a procedure so important that it is a "must" for all those involved in filming pediatric patients. In spite of his detailed discussion of protective devices, Dr. Darling, I believe, has failed to stipulate the adequate measures available for shielding the ovaries, difficult as this may be. The illustrations, all very clear and easy to follow, answer most of the problems encountered in radiography of children. The many tables outline exposure factors in all x-ray techniques described. The book is an excellent guide for those inexperienced in obtaining the proper radiographs in
Resistance Exercise for Sarcopenic Outcomes and Muscular Fitness in Aging Adults

MUSCULAR ATROPHY AND WEAKNESS ARE BELIEVED TO PLAY A PRINCIPAL ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF AGE-RELATED FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT AND ARE CONTRIBUTING RISK FACTORS FOR NUMEROUS DISEASE PROCESSES. THERE IS STRONG EVIDENCE TO SUGGEST THAT THESE DECLINES ARE REVERSIBLE AND THAT AGING PERSONS WITH EARLY-ONSET SARCOPENIA ARE PROBABLY THE MOST LIKELY TO BENEFIT FROM STRATEGIC RESISTANCE EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS. RESISTANCE EXERCISE IS AN EFFICIENT MODE OF EXERCISE FOR AGING ADULTS AND MAY ELICIT SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN LEAN MUSCLE MASS AND MUSCULAR FITNESS. IMPROVEMENTS IN THESE PARAMETERS ARE IMPORTANT FOR THE PRESERVATION OF FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE, HEALTH, AND OVERALL WELL- BEING OF THIS POPULATION.
The Assessment of Cold Hyperalgesia After an Incision

BACKGROUND: Although cold hypersensitivity is a well-documented phenomenon in animals and humans with inflammatory and neuropathic pain, little is known about the presence of cold hyperalgesia after surgery. Therefore, we studied primary cold hyperalgesia after a surgical incision in mice. METHODS: Before and after plantar incision, inflammation with complete Freund adjuvant, and spared nerve ligation, unrestrained male animals were placed on a Peltier-cooled cold plate with a surface temperature of 0°C and withdrawal latencies were measured. Additionally, incision-induced cold hyperalgesia was also assessed in female animals. Furthermore, skin temperature before and after plantar incision and inflammation were assessed by using infrared thermography (Varioscan LW 3011; Infratec, Dresden, Germany). RESULTS: Cold hyperalgesia to a noxious cold stimulus was observed after inflammation and nerve injury but not after a surgical incision. Similar results were demonstrated for female animals after incision. Furthermore, a significant increase in skin temperature was recorded after inflammation but not after incision, indicating that a surgery evokes only minor inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION: The present data give strong evidence that a surgical incision does not cause cold hyperalgesia. Furthermore, a lack of cold hyperalgesia in unrestrained male and female mice after incision was not due to increased skin temperature after incision. Finally, we demonstrated that in contrast to a surgical incision, inflammation and nerve injury generate intense cold hyperalgesia and an increase in skin temperature, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in surgical and inflammatory or neuropathic pain.
Thermal Expansion Behavior of Nonoriented Polypropylene/Clay Composites

Linear thermal expansion coefficient (LTEC) was measured for compression molding samples of polypropylene (PP)/clay composites with clay loading of 0 to 7 wt%. Composites were prepared by internal batch mixer and specimens were prepared by compression molding. These processing methods are not anticipated to have a preference for orientation; therefore effect of anisotropy was minimal. The LTEC was measured along three different faces of the compression molding sheets, parallel to compression direction S1 and perpendicular to compression directions S2 and S3. The LTEC for neat PP measured by current research, mm/mm/°C, was not found to be altered by direction of the measurements. Similar behavior was observed with composites having very moderate clay content, that is, 5 wt%. An interesting finding by current study was that incorporating clay particles into the PP matrix led to better shrinkage or contraction behavior of the samples prepared by compression molding.
Mental Health Treatment in Juvenile Justice Secure Care Facilities: Practice and Policy Recommendations

Responding to the needs of juvenile offenders with serious mental illness is a serious concern for correctional administrators and mental health providers. The recommendations for mental health treatment provide guidelines about how to address the needs of incarcerated youth. A national group of expert researchers and practitioners convened for a conference to recommend practice guidelines. Five overarching recommendations and practice guidelines for mental health treatment in juvenile justice secure care facilities emerged. Conference recommendations, practice and policy guidelines regarding characteristics of youth, screening and assessment, intervention and case management services, community transition, and residential safety are presented. Recommendations for future direction are provided.
Tameness of the Pseudovariety of Abelian Groups

In this paper we prove that the pseudovariety of Abelian groups is hyperdecidable and moreover that it is completely tame. This is a consequence of the fact that a system of group equations on a free Abelian group with certain rational constraints is solvable if and only if it is solvable in every finite quotient.
Processed electroencephalogram during donation after cardiac death.

The manuscript “The effect of celiac plexus block in critically ill patients intolerant of enteral nutrition: a randomized, placebo-controlled study” contains verbatim text plagiarized from five other manuscripts. The manuscript is therefore retracted. On behalf of the Editorial Board of Anesthesia & Analgesia, I apologize to the authors of the manuscripts whose text was plagiarized by Memis et al. that this was not picked up in the peer review process. I also apologize to the affected journals for the violation of copyright due to plagiarism. Anesthesia & Analgesia is increasingly employing sophisticated software to detect plagiarism. Without such tools we could not have detected the plagiarized text from 5 different manuscripts in the paper by Memis et al. Other journals use similar tools. Authors should be aware that most journals routinely employ plagiarism detection software, and that any plagiarism is likely to be detected. Steven L. Shafer, MD Editor-in-Chief, Anesthesia & Analgesia Professor of Anesthesiology, Columbia University sshafer@columbia.edu
Dexmedetomidine Added to Levobupivacaine Prolongs Axillary Brachial Plexus Block

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to levobupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus blockade. The primary endpoints were the onset and duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for elective forearm and hand surgery were divided into 2 equal groups in a randomized, double-blind fashion. The 4 main nerves in the axilla (musculocutaneus, radial, median, ulnar) were identified using neural stimulation. Patients were assigned randomly to 1 of the 2 groups. In group L (n = 30), 40 mL (200 mg) of 0.5% levobupivacaine + 1 mL saline and in group LD (n = 30), 40 mL (200 mg) of 0.5% levobupivacaine + 1 mL dexmedetomidine were given. Motor and sensory block onset times, block durations, and duration of analgesia were recorded. RESULTS: Demographic data and surgical characteristics were similar in both groups. Sensory and motor block onset times were shorter in group LD than in group L (P < 0.05). Sensory and motor blockade durations were longer in group LD than in group L (P < 0.01). Duration of analgesia was longer in group LD than in group L (P < 0.05). Systolic arterial blood pressure levels in group LD at 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were significantly lower than those in group L (P < 0.05). Diastolic arterial blood pressure levels in group LD at 60, 90, and 120 minutes were significantly lower than those in group L (P < 0.05). Heart rate levels in group LD, except basal measurements, were significantly lower than those in group L (P < 0.05). In group LD bradycardia was observed in 7 patients, although there was no bradycardia in group L (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus block shortens the onset time and prolongs the duration of the block and the duration of postoperative analgesia. However, dexmedetomidine also may lead to bradycardia.
The Association of Body Mass Index to Postoperative Outcomes in Elderly Vascular Surgery Patients: A Reverse J-Curve Phenomenon

BACKGROUND:The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there is a relation between body mass index (BMI) classes and early postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing vascular surgery. We hypothesized that being overweight or obese increases the risks of surgery. METHODS:Data from the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data File was used to identify the BMI (kg/m2) and 30-day outcomes of 25,337 patients aged ≥65 years undergoing vascular surgery from 2005 to 2007. Patients were stratified into 6 BMI classes: (1) underweight (BMI ⩽18.5 kg/m2), (2) normal (BMI = 18.6–24.9 kg/m2), (3) overweight (BMI = 25–29.9 kg/m2), (4) obese class I (BMI = 30–34.9 kg/m2), (5) obese class II (BMI = 35–39.9 kg/m2), and (6) obese class III (BMI ≥40 kg/m2). Morbidity and mortality rates across all BMI classes were subjected to univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS:Mortality rates varied among the BMI classes: 9.4% underweight, 4.0% normal, 3.0 overweight and obese I, 3.3% obese II, and 4.6% obese III (P < 0.001). Major postoperative morbidity paralleled the risk of death. Independent preoperative factors associated with mortality included diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, active congestive heart failure, recent weight loss, disseminated cancer, and an inability to function independently. Each of these factors was statistically more important than the BMI alone in defining an increased risk of surgery. CONCLUSION:Increased BMI alone was not a major factor predicting perioperative 30-day mortality in this cohort of elderly surgical patients; the effect was a nonlinear one with a reversed J-curve response documenting the poorest outcomes in underweight, normal, and a slight increase in excessively obese patients.
Quasi 2D colloidal CdSe platelets with thicknesses controlled at the atomic level.

Well documented procedures to grow zero-dimensional systems, dots, and one-dimensional systems, wires and tubes, as colloidal particles in solution have been reported. In contrast, there are no methods of preparation that yield optically active two-dimensional soluble particles. Yet, ultrathin films (quantum wells) of II−VI and III−V semiconductors epitaxially grown on substrates by molecular beam epitaxy for example have proven extremely useful for both fundamental studies and a wealth of applications in optoelectronics. We show that II−VI cadmium selenide platelets, with thicknesses tuned at the atomic level, can be synthesized in solution. We describe the method for the preparation of these new colloidal nanocrystals and characterize them structurally and optically. We identified three platelets populations with emission maximums at 462, 513, and 550 nm with corresponding thicknesses estimated at 1.9, 2.2, and 2.5 nm, respectively. Despite the fact that the platelet aspect ratio within a population can.
Polytrauma – new horizons for management

The management of polytrauma has evolved considerably in the last century. Advances have been made in all disciplines involved in trauma care from pre-hospital care and resuscitation protocols to diagnostics, surgical techniques, administration of novel pharmacological agents and late reconstruction procedures. Improved understanding of the altered physiology and the induced response at the molecular level offers the potential for novel management strategies and prevention of post-traumatic complications.
Acute Effects of β1-Selective and Nonselective β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade on Cardiac Sympathetic Activity in Congestive Heart Failure

Background β-Blockers may reduce cardiac sympathetic activity in patients with heart failure by antagonizing β-adrenergic receptors that facilitate sympathetic outflow to the heart. To explore this possible effect of β-blockade, we measured cardiac norepinephrine spillover responses in patients with heart failure after the acute administration of either propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker, or metoprolol, a β1-selective agent. Methods and Results Eighteen patients were studied. Repeated intravenous doses of propranolol (0.5 mg; nine patients; left ventricular ejection fraction, 14±2%) or metoprolol (1.0 mg; nine patients; left ventricular ejection fraction, 18±2%) were administered until one of the following end points was reached: a 15% decrease in heart rate, left ventricular +dP/dt, or mean arterial blood pressure or a 5 mm Hg increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Propranolol (mean dose, 2.0 mg) and metoprolol (mean dose, 3.6 mg) caused similar reductions in heart rate, +dP/dt, and coro.
Dose of LHRH Analog and Growth Velocity Influence Predicted Final Height in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty

Clinical variables that influence final height were analyzed in 27 girls with central precocious puberty treated with LHRH analog (TAP-144-SR: leuprorelin acetate). The patients were treated for a mean treatment period of 210.4 weeks. Plasma IGF-I levels did not change significantly during treatment. The predicted final height by projected height standard deviation score (SDS) for bone age at final estimation correlated positively with the average growth velocity during LHRH analog treatment. The mean growth velocity showed a significant negative correlation with the mean dose of LHRH analog; such a tendency was also clearly observed in patients who began to receive treatment after the age of 6 years. Although estradiol levels did not show any correlation with height velocity because of the low sensitivity of estradiol measurement, changes in plasma estradiol levels may contribute to changes in growth velocity, especcially in patients of pubertal bone age. To improve the final height prognosis in precocious puberty, it is recommended that LHRH analog be used at the minimum effective dose to maintain growth velocity during treatment.
Delivery after caesarean section:

I Pithie AD, Pennington CR. The incidence, aetiology and management of central vein thrombosis during prolonged parenteral nutrition. Hum Nuir Clin Nutr (in press). 2 Messing B, Beliah M, Girard-Pipau F, et al. Technical hazards of using nutritive mixes in bags for cyclical parenteral nutrition. Gut 1982;23:297-303. 3 Pithie AD, Main J, Soutar JS, Pennington CR. Catheter tip position and central vein thrombosis during parenteral nutrition. Hum Nuir Clin Nutr (in press).
Clinical and Para‐clinical Findings of a Recent Outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Iran

Summary Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and infectious viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants characterized by fever, erosive stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis and pneumonia. Goats are usually more severely affected than sheep. Peste des petits ruminants is caused by a paramyxovirus of the Morbillivirus genus. In March 2004, a flock of sheep in Tehran province with 430 deaths was visited. According to the history taken from the owner, at disease onset most of the deaths were recorded from adult sheep, 3 weeks later lambs (2 weeks to 4 months of age) showed the highest death rate. All animals from 3 months age received rinderpest vaccine 1 month after onset. Many of the lambs died just a few hours after their first sucking of the colostrum from infected mothers. Most of them showed very acute form of disease and died a few hours after onset of clinical signs. In clinical examinations most of the cases showed severe depression, high fever (41°C), anorexia, mocopulurent nasal discharge, erosive and necrotic stomatitis (dental path, hard palate and cheeks), diarrhoea and dehydration. Para-clinical findings including histopathological, serological and haematological examinations also confirmed the presence of PPR in this flock. PPR outbreaks have been frequent in Iran in recent years. Further, we suggest that PPR is not a recent invader of Iran. The main difference in clinical signs between this outbreak and the same in other reports is that goats did not show any obvious signs of PPR. This might be due to the number of the goats (>1% of the flock) and keeping them separate from the sheep. The present article reviews the details of this outbreak in Iran.
Time course of immunological markers in patients with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: evaluation of sCD14, sVCAM‐1, sELAM‐1, MIP‐1α and TGF‐β2

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is viewed as a system‐wide inflammatory response. Up until now, no parameter has been available for predicting the development of septic shock. In the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of serum levels of CD14, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule‐1 (ELAM‐1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1α and transforming growth factor β2 (TGF‐β2) as early markers of outcome in patients with SIRS.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinic-Initiated, Canadian Multicenter Trial of Topical Edoxudine 3.0% Cream in the Treatment of Recurrent Genital Herpes

Treatment for recurrent genital herpes using edoxudine 3% cream for 5 days was evaluated in 200 patients in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinic-initiated trial. Lesion tenderness was predictive of and more sensitive and longer-lasting than the symptom of pain. Among patients receiving placebo, times to crusting (P = .043), cessation of investigator-observed signs (P = .005), lesion-associated signs (P = .02), and groin signs (P = .05) were longer in women. Edoxudine reduced viral shedding in men (mean 2.7 vs. 3.4 days, P = .009) and women (2.0 days vs. 3.5 days, P = .0001). Loss of investigator-observed signs (4.4 vs. 6.2 days, P = .002), investigator-observed lesion tenderness (P = .01), lesion signs (P = .02), groin adenopathy (P = .01), and tenderness (P = .01) occurred earlier in women taking edoxudine. Edoxudine was well-tolerated and reduced several signs of herpes in women. Its clinical role in recurrent genital herpes remains to be fully determined.
Linking Temporal First Order Logic and Hidden Markov Models with Abstract Events

In previous work, we introduced a novel concept of a generalised event, an abstract event, which we define as a change of state of abstract predicates that represent knowledge about the surrounding world. Abstract predicates are defined by formulae in temporal first-order logic (Abstract Event Specification Language (AESL)) whose leaf predicates represent low-level sensor-derived knowledge. Abstract events are detected by Rete Networks structured as a deductive knowledge-base. Current Abstract Event detectors cannot express sufficiently well certain high-level situations, such activity derived from user trajectories. In this work we introduce a novel type of abstract event detector, a hidden Markov Model detector (hMM-detector). hMM-detectors are implemented as pattern recognition engines that use several stochastic models, hidden Markov Models (hMMs), in order to classify observed activities to the most likely activity class. We link hMM-detectors with AESL by specifying a new AESL operator for defining .
Síndrome de deficiencia del transportador de glucosa tipo 1 (SDGLUT-1) tratado con dieta cetogénica: Caso clínico

The glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT-1 SD)(OMIM 606777) is an inborn error of metabolism of brain glucose transport. The characteristicclinical manifestations are seizures, hypotonia, developmental delay, microcephaly andhypoglycorrhachia. We report a girl with normal weight and height at birth. At 6 weeks of ageshe started with convulsions reaching up to 20 myoclonic seizures a day. She was treated withvalproate, phenobarbital and carbamazepine without response. Blood analysis includingaminoacids and acylcarnitines were all normal. The brain MRI showed frontal atrophy with anincreased subarachnoidal space and Electroencephalography was abnormal. Blood glucose was84 mg/dl and spinal fluid glucose 26 mg/dl with a ratio of 0.31 (Normal Ratio >0.65
Validation of a Mathematical Model for Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Volume by Gastroscopic Examination

INTRODUCTION:Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents is a serious perioperative complication. Previous models of ultrasound gastric volume assessment are preliminary and have not been validated by an external “gold standard. ” In the present study we propose a more accurate model based on prospective data obtained from 108 patients undergoing bedside gastric sonography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE). METHODS:Patients undergoing elective UGE were randomized to ingest one of 6 predetermined volumes of apple juice after an 8-hour fasting period. A cross-sectional area of the antrum in the right lateral decubitus position (Right lat CSA) was measured by a blinded sonographer following a standardized scanning protocol. Gastric fluid was subsequently suctioned under gastroscopic vision during UGE performed by a blinded gastroenterologist and measured to the nearest milliliter. RESULTS:Data from 108 patients suggest that a previously reported model tends to overestimate gastric volume particularly at low volume states. A new best fit mathematical model to predict gastric fluid volume based on measurements of Right lat CSA is presented. This new model built on a more accurate gold standard can be used to estimate gastric volumes from 0 to 500 mL, in nonpregnant adults with body mass index < 40 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS:We report a new prediction model to assess gastric fluid volume using standard 2-dimentional bedside ultrasound that has several advantages over previously reported models.
Beware of lung complications when using guidewire-assisted nasogastric tube insertion.

To the Editor We agree with Kirtania et al. 1 that using a SavaryGilliard (SG) guidewire along with gentle manual forward displacement of the larynx increases the likelihood for success of nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion in anesthetized and tracheally intubated patients. Since 2006, we have used an SG guidewire whenever the patients require insertion of an NGT under general anesthesia.2 We have 13 operating rooms and perform approximately 800 operations every month, one third to half of which require insertion of an NGT. We have an SG guidewire in each operating room and reuse them after proper sterilization. However, there are several differences between the technique and results of Kirtania et al. and our experience. First, we do not alter the handle of the SG guidewire. Rather than keeping it inside the sheath, we store it to maintain its intrinsic curvature. Second and in contrast to Kirtania et al.,1 who report an absence of serious complications, during the 7 years of its use, we have seen 11 cases of lung-related complications including placing the NGT into the trachea near the carina or bronchi (5 cases), pneumothorax (3 cases), and carinal bleeding (3 cases). Two of these cases required treating a pneumothorax using chest tube drainage during anesthesia. We therefore recommend using a method such as ultrasonography3 to confirm placement of the NGT guidewire assembly as well as to detect the presence of complications such as pneumothorax.