Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relevance of reactivity determinants to exposure assessment and biological monitoring of the elements.

2 Determinant factors in the biological chemistry and Solids are the most commonly encountered forms of metals toxicology of the elements and metalloids in human respiratory exposures. Particle size 2.1 Introductory comment determines what can be inhaled and where in the respiratory 2.2 Physical state tract particles penetrate and are deposited, while particle 2.3 Atomic properties surface activity and solubility influence the extent and rate of 2.4 Determinants of reactivity absorption of its constituents by the lung or by the gastrointes2.4. 1 Ionic and covalent bonding tendencies and donor-atom tinal (GI ) tract. As shown later, these properties can also preference mediate the type and degree of tissue injury on contact. 2.4. 2 Metal-ion complex formation and stability Under standard conditions (25 °C and 101.3 kPa), very few 2.4. 3 Kinetic aspects compounds of metals and metalloids are liquids. Exceptions 2.4. 4 Solubility are mercury metal, nickel tetracarbonyl, certain alkyl deriva2.4. 5 Speciation of the elements tives of, for example, lead, mercury and tin and chlorides of 2.4. 6 Radical formation arsenic and germanium. If not contained, such liquids release 2.4. 7 Particle size and shape vapours, which in most cases are extremely toxic.2,3 Vapours 2.4. 8 Physico-chemical properties of solid surfaces can also arise from solids by sublimation, of which arsenic 2.5 Biological factors trioxide ( 193 °C ) is an example. 2.5. 1 Compartmentalization Gases are common forms of compounds that have as 2.5. 2 Respiratory tract deposition and clearance components the lighter elements (e.g., N, O, S, halogens) and 2.5. 3 Bioavailability and uptake some elements with high atomic masses such as As, Sb and 2.5. 4 Biological turnover time and bioaccumulation Se. Obviously the most frequently encountered environmental 2.5. 5 Tolerance and susceptibility gaseous pollutants are included in the former group, namely 3 Conclusion sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and
A comparative study of phosphate binders in patients of end stage kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis

Introduction: Hyperphosphatemia is one of the complication in patients with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis which will add on to the morbidity and mortality of the patient. This study was conducted in an attempt to compare the efficacy of phosphate binders prescribed to the patients of end stage kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis. It was a retrospective study in which medical records of patients with ESKD who received phosphate binders over past 2 years (2013 and 2014) were included in the study and divided into groups receiving sevelemer, calcium carbonate and calcium acetate and the levels after 8weeks of treatment and found that at the end of 8th week the difference in control of phosphate levels in sevelemer group compared with control group was highly significant phosphate levels in the calcium carbonate group compared with control group also had a significant result with p value 0.039. There were no significant differences in calcium acetate and control group difference at the end of 8th week. There were no statistically significant differences between individual groups. Conclusion: Our study confirms that phosphate binders significantly control the serum phosphate levels o eight weeks treatment in ESKD patients on haemodialysis. However sevelemer was found to be more effective in controlling the serum phosphate levels but its high costs limits its use for the poor socioeconomic population
The $5 man: the underground economic response to a large cigarette tax increase in New York City.

OBJECTIVES We examined the mechanisms by which living in a disadvantaged minority community influences smoking and illegal cigarette sale and purchasing behaviors after a large cigarette tax increase. METHODS Data were collected from 14 focus groups (n=104) that were conducted during the spring of 2003 among Blacks aged 18 years and older living in New York City. RESULTS A large tax increase led to what focus group participants described as a pervasive illegal cigarette market in a low-income minority community. Perceived pro-smoking community norms, a stressful social and economic environment, and the availability of illegal cigarettes worked together to reinforce smoking and undermine cessation. CONCLUSIONS Although interest in quitting was high, bootleggers created an environment in which reduced-price cigarettes were easier to access than cessation services. This activity continues to undermine the public health goals of the tax increase.
Generating Association Rules for Social Media Analysis

Association Rule Mining is a technique for identifying correlation between different data sets. It is also called as Market Basket Analysis, as this was original application area of association rule mining. Also the main aim of association rule is to identify association between items that occur together from a random sampling of all possibilities from data set. Social media mining has the process to represent, analyze, and extract patterns, trends from raw data of social media. These patterns and trends are useful to companies, governments and not-for-profit organizations, as these parties can usethose patterns and trends to design their strategies or to make new programs. This paper focus about generating association rules on these social media raw data which will help organization for analyzing trends very efficiently. It will discuss about various algorithm and techniques used in generating the rules with its procedure also will be compared from other algorithm to identify the best algorithm.
Spatial and temporal background modelling of non-stationary visual scenes

The prevalence of electronic imaging systems in everyday life has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Applications are to be found in medical scanning, automated manufacture, and perhaps most significantly, surveillance. Metropolitan areas, shopping malls, and road traffic management all employ and benefit from an unprecedented quantity of video cameras for monitoring purposes. But the high cost and limited effectiveness of employing humans as the final link in the monitoring chain has driven scientists to seek solutions based on machine vision techniques. Whilst the field of machine vision has enjoyed consistent rapid development in the last 20 years, some of the most fundamental issues still remain to be solved in a satisfactory manner. Central to a great many vision applications is the concept of segmentation, and in particular, most practical systems perform background subtraction as one of the first stages of video processing. This involves separation of ‘interesting foreground’ from the less informative but persistent background. But the definition of what is ‘interesting’ is somewhat subjective, and liable to be application specific. Furthermore, the background may be interpreted as including the visual appearance of normal activity of any agents present in the scene, human or otherwise. Thus a background model might be called upon to absorb lighting changes, moving trees and foliage, or normal traffic flow and pedestrian activity, in order to effect what might be termed in ‘biologically-inspired’ vision as pre-attentive selection. This challenge is one of the Holy Grails of the computer vision field, and consequently the subject has received considerable attention. This thesis sets out to address some of the limitations of contemporary methods of background segmentation by investigating methods of inducing local mutual support amongst pixels in three starkly contrasting paradigms: (1) locality in the spatial domain, (2) locality in the shortterm time domain, and (3) locality in the domain of cyclic repetition frequency. Conventional per pixel models, such as those based on Gaussian Mixture Models, offer no spatial support between adjacent pixels at all. At the other extreme, eigenspace models impose a structure in which every image pixel bears the same relation to every other pixel. But Markov Random Fields permit definition of arbitrary local cliques by construction of a suitable graph, and
FIRE DEBRIS ANALYSIS – A SURVEY OF TECHNIQUES USED FOR ACCELERANTS ISOLATION AND CONCENTRATION

Fire debris analysis, in order to identify potential accelerants, is an essential examination if there is suspicion of arson. Any traces of potential accelerants in a sample taken from the place where the fire began are crucial to an investigation. The results of analysis also constitute evidence which can be used in court. Analysis of an arson debris sample is a two-stage process. The first stage is analytes isolation and concentration. The second is chromatographic compounds separation, analysis and potential accelerant identification. The efficiency of the first stage determines the result of the whole process and the possibility of accelerant identification. The first arson residues examination was conducted in the 1940’s. Since then methods used for analytes separation and concentration have been developed and modified. Some of them have gone out of use, and others have been introduced. Among other methods used these days, head-space analysis techniques are the most significant. Until recently, passive adsorption on a carbon strip was considered the most effective. Currently it has been replaced by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME).
Experimental investigation of trioctahedral micas in the Na 2 O-FeO-Fe 2 O 3-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2H 2 O-HF system *

The purpose of this work is to explore the solid solution and stability of trioctahedral micas in the system: Na2O-FeOFe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HF. Synthesis were carried out in cold-seal pressure vessels, at 600°C, 1kbar PH2O, under fO2 conditions set by NNO and MW buffers. Starting compositions belong to the annite siderophyllite join and can be expressed as Na(Fe3-xAlx)(Si3-xAl1+x)O10(OH,F)2, where x represents the extent of the Tschermark-type substitution. In the F-free system, under the NNO buffer, the Na-annite(OH) (x = 0) composition produced a two phase assemblage albite + magnetite. Along the join, in the 0.5  x  1 compositional range, hydrated mica is found to coexist with minor amounts of hercynite and a silicate, possibly analcime. Powder XRD shows the presence of three hydration states (2W: two water layers, 1W: one-layer water and 0W: anhydrous state) whose proportions depend on the bulk aluminum content in the system. Virtually the same results are obtained using the MW buffer. The starting composition corresponding to the Naannite(OH) produced fayalite and albite, while Al-richer compositions gave hydrated micas with 2W and 1W hydration states; anhydrous mica occurs in very weak amounts. FTIR spectroscopy in the OH-stretching region of the hydrated micas indicates a high trioctahedral character. Experiments carried out in F-bearing system gave micas with high proportions of anhydrous state (0W). At the starting composition of Na-annite (F), a mica associated with minor magnetite and quartz is produced. Na-Al annite(F) (x = 0.5) is obtained as a pure anhydrous. It’s one of the most promising compounds obtained in
Comparison of snow-covered area estimation methods in northern Finland

An accuracy evaluation of the Nagler & Rott snow-covered area estimation method is presented in this work. The main objective is to determinate the effects of the threshold level, the reference image, as well as the area analysed. The method is studied by conducting the SCA estimation for 14 Radarsat intensity images of northern Finland where is dominated by boreal forest. The results are also compared with the estimations carried out by the current TKK method.
Induction of Cachexia in Mice by Systemically Administered Myostatin

Mice and cattle with genetic deficiencies in myostatin exhibit dramatic increases in skeletal muscle mass, suggesting that myostatin normally suppresses muscle growth. Whether this increased muscling results from prenatal or postnatal lack of myostatin activity is unknown. Here we show that myostatin circulates in the blood of adult mice in a latent form that can be activated by acid treatment. Systemic overexpression of myostatin in adult mice was found to induce profound muscle and fat loss analogous to that seen in human cachexia syndromes. These data indicate that myostatin acts systemically in adult animals and may be a useful pharmacologic target in clinical settings such as cachexia, where muscle growth is desired.
The Influence of Software Product Quality Attributes on Open Source Projects: A Characterization Study

Several Open Source Software (OSS) projects have adopted frequent releases as a strategy to deliver both new features and fix bugs on time. These entails express requests from the project’s community, registered as issues in bug repositories by active users and developers. Each OSS project has its own priorities established by their respective communities. A still open question is to what extent these priorities influence selection of the issues that should be tackled first, implemented/solved and delivered in subsequent releases. In this paper, we present an exploratory study on the influence of target product quality attributes in software release practices of OSS projects. The goal is to search for evidence that clarify the relationships between target attributes, priorities assigned to the registered issues and the ways they are delivered by product releases. To this end, we asked a set of participants to identify these attributes through the data analysis of repositories of three well-known OSS projects: Libre Office, Eclipse and Mozilla Firefox. Evidence provided by the participants suggest that OSS community developers use criteria/priorities driven by specific software product quality attributes to plan and perform software releases.
Regulatory T-cell and T-helper 17 balance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression and autoimmune cytopenias

The reasons for progression and autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are not entirely clear, with previous studies suggesting a role for regulatory T-cells (Treg). In this study we prospectively studied Treg (CD3 + CD4+ CD25highCD127low), interleukin-10 (IL-10) producing Treg and T-helper 17 (Th17) (CD3 + CD4+ IL-17+) cells in 40 treatment-naive patients with CLL. The percentage of Th17 and not Treg cells was significantly higher in the AIC cohort than in those without AIC (p < 0.0001). The Treg:Th17 ratio was skewed in favor of Th17 in the AIC cohort (p = 0.02). Th17 cells are responsible for AIC of CLL. Analysis of lymph-node aspirates showed that the percentage of Treg and IL-10 expression in Treg and not Th17 was significantly higher than in peripheral blood (p < 0.01). Treg cells play a major role in the microenvironment where disease progression occurs. This shows the importance of maintaining the Treg:Th17 equilibrium, for imbalance leads to CLL progression or AIC.
MiR-503-5 p regulates cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition , metastasis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibiting WEE 1

Abstract. – OBJECTIVE: To explore the role and underlying mechanism of MicroRNA-503-5p (miR-503-5p) in the metastasis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three pairs of surgical HCC specimens and adjacent tissue samples were obtained, and Huh7, Hep3B, HCCLM3, MHCC-97H, MHCC-97L, LO2, and HEK293T cell lines were used for this study. The transwell assay was used to detect cell migration and invasion. Additionally, Western blot and quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect relative protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively. RESULTS: High miR-503-5p expression inhibited cell mobility in HCCLM3 cells, while low miR-503-5p expression promoted cell migration and invasion in HCCLM3 cells. The same effect of miR-503-5p on EMT was also observed in HCC through Western blot. We then performed a dual-luciferase assay to show that WEE1 is a direct target of miR-503-5p in HCC. Furthermore, WEE1 knockdown inhibited EMT and cell metastasis in HCC cells. WEE1 overexpression impaired the inhibitory effect of miR-503-5p in HCC CONCLUSIONS: MiR-503-5p inhibited cell EMT and metastasis through inhibiting WEE1, which predicted prognosis of HCC. MiR-503-5p and WEE1 may be used as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of HCC.
Analysis of Functional Connectivity Data by Hierarchical Bayesian Models and Applications in Autism Study

This article develops a hierarchical Bayesian model for comparing two groups using whole brain functional connectivity data. Significant disrupted connectivities are detected by controlling the false discovery rate. Discoveries identified by the hierarchical Bayesian model are further compared with those detected by the empirical Bayes approach, and a conformity of results is established. Methodological developments are illustrated with a large data set from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), which includes 361 subjects from 8 medical centers. We observe significantly different functional connectivities involving the Primary Auditory, Visual and Motor Cortexes in the autistic group compared to the control group. Multiple hubs of disruptions are also found to inform investigators for possible targets for interventions or development of therapeutic interventions. A potential application of our discoveries is in early detection of subjects who are at high risk of developing neurological disorders.
Large Area Electrically Tunable Metasurface Lens CNF Project Number : 2471-16 Principal Investigator

Our tunable optics technology enables dynamic tuning with voltage-resolved precision. We have demonstrated electrically controlled focal length tuning of over 100% with a metasurface lens 2 cm in diameter. Summary of Research: Introduction. Planar optical elements control the wavefront of light by using arrays of fixed optical phase shifters, amplitude modulators, or polarization changing elements, which are patterned on a surface to introduce a desired spatial distribution of optical phase, amplitude, and/or polarization. By tailoring the properties of each element of the array, one can spatially control these properties of the transmitted, reflected, or scattered light and consequently mold the wavefront [1]. Based on this concept, various functionalities have been demonstrated including lenses, axicons, blazed gratings, vortex plates and wave plates [2]. These devices are thin and lightweight. Recently, a new class of optical components based on metasurfaces has been developed that are based on subwavelength­spaced phase shifters. We introduce a new technology in which metasurface lenses are made tunable by an applied voltage. Lens Description. Requirements for practical devices include high efficiency, controllability, repeatability, and ruggedness. A practical device should also be readily extendable for large­area fabrication. The lens we have constructed is a transmission­based, polarization­ independent, infinity­corrected spherical lens. The design is based on pillars in the material amorphous silicon for the wavelength of 1550 nm and focal length of 50 mm (Figure 1). The lens diameter is 2 cm (Figure 2), giving a large diameter to metasurface unit cell ratio greater than 10,000. Tuning Description. The lens was designed with an initial focal length of 50 mm and in experiment displayed a focal length tuning range from 52 mm to 107 mm (Δf/f=106%) when the applied voltage Figure 1: Schematic of the designed metasurface lens. Figure 2: Our metasurface lens with diameter of 2 cm.
The Teaching Efficacy of College English Teachers under the Background of Teaching Reform

The teaching efficacy is the teachers' belief in the ability of education, which reflects the subjectivity, initiative and creativity of teachers in education activities. Teaching efficacy not only has positive influence on teachers' teaching behavior, teaching effect, students’ achievement, students' development, but also has an important positive effect on teachers' own development. The paper put the current college English teaching reform as the background, made a brief introduction to the teaching efficacy, on the basis of analyzing the main factors influencing self-efficacy of college English teachers' teaching, finally puts forward the teaching strategies to develop efficacy for college English teachers’.
The Drill to Get the Stent In: A Case Report of Successful Rotational Atherectomy in a Patient Presenting with STEMI

Abbreviations: RA: Rotational Atherectomy; ACS: Acute Coronary Syndrome; STEMI: ST-Elevation of Myocardial Infarction; CAD: Coronary Artery Disease; CABG: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; LIMA: Left Internal Mammary Artery; LAD: Left Anterior Descending; RCA: Right Coronary Artery; ECG: Electrocardiogram; TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction; IABP: Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump; PCI: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; DES: Drug Eluting Stent; TTE: Transthoracic Echocardiogram
REDESIGNING THE BRICK Creating a New Vocabulary of Basic Architectural Building Blocks with Autonomous Reconfigurable Robotics

This research examines the value of “redesigning the brick,” in creating a new vocabulary of basic architectural building blocks with autonomous reconfigurable robotics. The paper highlights several built examples by the author of robotic architectural environments and the work of architecture students whereby individual modules were created within the context of a design studio and applied to scenarios of space making at various scales. Several strategies for decentralized control were explored dictating how individual parts of a system should behave and how local interactions between individual modules can lead to the emergence of global behaviour. The students schematically designed selfreplicating models which would allow for each object to be able to attach, detach, and reconfigure according to predetermined computational logic. The projects successfully demonstrate various strategies for mechanical design, locomotion and control.
The Empirical Study on the Urban-Rural Income Gap in China

This paper tries to use the counterfactual decomposition method to study the urban-rural income gap via quantile by adding some factors, such as Chinese characteristic like height and social status. We find education, gender, and age are still the influence factors of urban-rural income, and also are significant influence in each quantile. After introducing the height and social status, we found that the coefficient of height from the urban residents was not significant. However, social status has a positive influence on the low-income and middle-income urban residents, and high-income rural residents, indicating that the urban and rural areas have different views on social status. In the decomposition of income gap, the coefficient effect explains most causes of urban-rural income gap. But the tendency of characteristics effect is consistent with that of the total effect.