Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An automated method for requirement determination and structuring based on 5W1H elements

Information requirement determination is an important phase of software development. Since it happens at the beginning stages of software development, improvement in this process may lead to significant results for the entire software development. However, it is widely admitted that most of the conventional methods for collecting and analyzing requirements are not successful because several weaknesses such as lack of a certain automatic tool to elicit and analyze knowledge, or a well-structured model to facilitate the generation, analysis, and presentation of information requirements. In this paper, we discuss an integrated method to improve Information requirement determination and structuring in software development by asking questions based on 5W1H model of knowledge structure. Our unique contribution is that the proposed method uses a data mining method known as part-of-speech tagging tailored for requirement analysis to identify and organize target elements and their dependencies. We conduct experiments on a case study, demonstrating effectiveness of the method.
Synthesis of a functionalized high affinity mannose receptor ligand and its application in the construction of peptide‐, polyamide‐ and PNA‐conjugates

The synthesis of a high affinity mannose receptor ligand, appropriately functionalized for chemoselective ligation with an antigen or DNA‐binding moieties is described. By a combination of solid‐ and solution‐phase chemistry a versatile synthesis of the target structure was accomplished. Examples of subsequent ligation reactions are described. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some recent theoretical results on amorphous packings of hard spheres

The aim of this paper is to review and discuss qualitatively some results on the properties of amorphous packings of hard spheres that were recently obtained by means of the replica method. The theory gives predictions for the equation of state of the glass, the complexity of the metastable states, the scaling of the pressure close to jamming, the coordination of the packing and the pair correlation function in any space dimension d. The predictions compare very well with numerical simulations in d = 2, 3. The asymptotic predictions for dto ∞ are within the rigorous bounds. The theory can be extended to binary mixtures and to hard-core potentials with an attractive tail or square well.
MHC Class I-Positive Dendritic Cells (DC) Control CD8 T Cell Homeostasis In Vivo: T Cell Lymphopenia as a Prerequisite for DC-Mediated Homeostatic Proliferation of Naive CD8 T Cells 1

The sizes of peripheral T cell pools are regulated by competition for environmental signals within a given ecological T cell niche. Cytokines and MHC molecules have been identified as resources for which naive T cells compete to proliferate homeostatically in lymphopenic hosts to fill up their respective compartments. However, it still remains unclear to what extent CD4 and CD8 T cells intercompete for these resources and which role dendritic cells (DC) play in this scenario. Using transgenic mice in which only DC express MHC class I, we demonstrate that this type of APC is sufficient to trigger complete homeostatic proliferation of CD8 T cells in vivo. However, normal numbers of endogenous naive CD4 T cells, but not CD25+CD4+ T regulatory cells, efficiently suppress this expansion in vivo. These findings identify DC as a major resource and a possible target for homeostatic competition between naive CD4 and CD8 T cells.
Optimal Design for Multi-Item Auctions: A Robust Optimization Approach

In this paper, we revisit the auction design problem for multi-item auctions with budget constrained buyers by introducing a robust optimization approach to model (a) concepts such as incentive compatibility and individual rationality that are naturally expressed in the language of robust optimization and (b) the auctioneer’s beliefs on the buyers' valuations of the items. Rather than using probability distributions (the classical probabilistic approach) or an adversarial model to model valuations, we introduce an uncertainty set based model for these valuations. We construct these uncertainty sets to incorporate historical information available to the auctioneer in a way that is consistent with limit theorems of probability theory or knowledge of the probability distribution. In this setting, we formulate the auction design problem as a robust optimization problem and provide a characterization of the optimal solution as an auction with reservation prices, thus extending the work of Myerson [Myerson RB (1981) Optimal auction design. Math. Oper. Res. 6(1):58–73] from single item without budget constraints to multiple items with budgets, potentially correlated valuations, and uncertain budgets. Unlike the Myerson auction where the reservation prices do not depend on the item, the reservation prices in our approach are a function of both the bidder and the item. We propose an algorithm for calculating the reservation prices by solving a bilinear optimization problem that, although theoretically difficult in general, is numerically tractable for the polyhedral uncertainty sets we consider. Moreover, this bilinear optimization problem reduces to a linear optimization problem for auctions without budget constraints and the auction becomes the classical second price auction. We report computational evidence that suggests the proposed approach (a) is numerically tractable for large scale auction design problems with the polyhedral uncertainty sets we consider, (b) leads to improved revenue compared to the classical probabilistic approach when the true distributions are different from the assumed ones, and (c) leads to higher revenue when correlations in the buyers' valuations are explicitly modeled.
Evaluation and synthesis of self-monitoring state machines

Signature monitoring has proven to be an effective method for concurrent detection of control-flow errors in processors. A recent proposal adapts signature monitoring to the concurrent checking of dedicated controllers or state machines. The authors extend this approach and present theoretical results, including existence-of-solution guarantees, as well as new, efficient synthesis algorithms. The algorithms have been implemented and successfully applied to a variety of machines including all of the machines in the MCNC benchmark set. For most examples, the evaluation and synthesis algorithms exhibit negligible running times and the resulting optimized machines exhibit reasonable overheads. There is strong indication that the efficient synthesis of self-monitoring, and possibly self-testing, state machines is feasible using this approach. <<ETX>>
Empirically testing innovation characteristics and organizational learning capabilities in e-business implementation success

Purpose – Based on the innovation diffusion theory and organizational learning literature, the purpose of this paper is to develop a research model to examine innovation characteristics and organizational learning capabilities as the determinants of e‐business implementation success.Design/methodology/approach – Survey data from 163 IS (information system) managers in large Taiwanese firms were collected and used to test the research model.Findings – The results showed that two innovation characteristics (perceived relative advantage and compatibility) and four organizational learning capabilities (managerial commitment, systems orientation, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge dissemination) have a significant effect on e‐business implementation success.Research limitations/implications – Some factors, other than the innovation characteristics and organizational learning capabilities included in this study, may also influence e‐business implementation. The research model could act as a theoretical basis .
Computational Simulation Techniques to Understand Rifampicin Resistance Mutation (S425L) of rpoB in M. leprae

Mycobacterium leprae, the etiologic agent of leprosy, is non‐cultivable in vitro. Consequently, the assessment of antibiotic activity against M. leprae hinge mainly upon the time consuming mouse footpad system. As M. leprae develops resistance against most of the drugs, the evolution of new long acting antimycobacterial compounds stand in need for leprosy control. The rpoB of M. leprae is the target of antimycobacterial drug, rifampicin. Recently, cases were reported that rpoB mutation (S425L) became resistant to rifampicin and the mechanism of resistance is still not well understood. The present study is aimed at studying the molecular and structural mechanism of the rifampicin binding to both native and mutant rpoB through computational approaches. From molecular docking, we demonstrated the stable binding of rifampicin through two hydrogen bonding with His420 residue of native than with mutant rpoB where one hydrogen bonding was found with Ser406. The difference in binding energies observed in the docking study evidently signifies that rifampicin is less effective in the treatment of patients with S425L variant. Moreover, the molecular dynamics studies also highlight the stable binding of rifampicin with native than mutant (S425L) rpoB. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1278–1285, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Localized performance-guided reconfiguration for distributed sensor networks

Sensor networks that can reconfigure to extend their useful operating life while guaranteeing coverage performance are of interest. This paper describes the use of localized performance-guided reconfiguration (PGR) for reconfiguring a distributed sensor network in a target localization scenario using binary sensor data. If a sensor in a cluster becomes unavailable due to a loss of battery power or other reasons, PGR activates redundant sensors as necessary to allow the network to achieve the desired coverage performance. For a simple demonstration of localized PGR, we compare the performance of a multicluster network using localized PGR, a nearest-neighbor reconfiguration approach, and an approach where no reconfiguration of the field is done. Without PGR, coverage performance degraded as sensors were lost. With PGR, every time a sensor failed, the respective cluster was reconfigured to maintain coverage. In this way, clusters made local reconfiguration decisions to achieve the global field coverage performance goal.
Power and Delay Optimized Graph Representation for Combinational Logic Circuits

— Structural representation and technology mapping of a Boolean function is an important problem in the design of non-regenerative digital logic circuits (also called combinational logic circuits). Library aware function manipulation offers a solution to this problem. Compact multi-level representation of binary networks, based on simple circuit structures, such as AND-Inverter Graphs (AIG) [1] [5], NAND Graphs, OR-Inverter Graphs (OIG), AND-OR Graphs (AOG), AND-OR-Inverter Graphs (AOIG), AND-XOR-Inverter Graphs, Reduced Boolean Circuits [8] does exist in literature. In this work, we discuss a novel and efficient graph realization for combinational logic circuits, represented using a NAND-NOR-Inverter Graph (NNIG), which is composed of only two-input NAND (NAND2), NOR (NOR2) and inverter (INV) cells. The networks are constructed on the basis of irredundant disjunctive and conjunctive normal forms, after factoring, comprising terms with minimum support. Construction of a NNIG for a non-regenerative function in normal form would be straightforward, whereas for the complementary phase, it would be developed by considering a virtual instance of the function. However, the choice of best NNIG for a given function would be based upon literal count, cell count and DAG node count of the implementation at the technology independent stage. In case of a tie, the final decision would be made after extracting the physical design parameters.
Evaluation of the Compressive Strength of Hybrid and Nanocomposites

Objective: Nowadays, composite restorations have gained more popularity and are widely used due to their high esthetic properties, rapid application, ease of use and low costs. There are various composite resins of different brands available in the market and it is necessary to find the most favorable one in terms of reliability and long term prognosis. The present study aimed at evaluating and comparing the compressive strength of hybrid and nanocomposites. Methods: In this experimental in-vitro study 4 different types of composite resins were used as follows: Group 1- Filtek Z 250 (3M) (hybrid composite) Group 2- Filtek Supreme (3M) Group 3Gradia Direct X(GC) Group 4-Herculite XRV Ultra (Kerr Hawe)composite resins (groups 2, 3 and 4 are nanocomposites). Twelve samples were made in stainless steel molds of 4mm diameter and 6mm height of each composite. Following photopolymerization of cylindrical samples using Radi plus light curing unit (SDI limited), the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 48 hours. The specimens were subjected to compressive stress test using Mechanical Testing Machine (Zwick/Roell) at cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. One way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post-hoc tests were employed for statistical analyses and determining level of significance. Results: The obtained results were as follows: Group 1: 362.51 group 2: 266.70 group 3: 268.72 and group 4:275.75 N. Compressive strength of group 1 (Filtek Z 250) was higher than other three groups and it was statistically significant (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected among groups 2, 3 and 4. Conclusion: Hybrid composites showed more compressive strength than nanocomposites.
Gastric emptying and Ca2+ and K+ channels of circular smooth muscle cells in diet‐induced obese prone and resistant rats

Accelerated gastric emptying that precipitates hunger and frequent eating could be a potential factor in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to study gastric emptying in diet‐induced obese‐prone (DIO‐P) and DIO‐resistant (DIO‐R) rats and explore possible differences in electrical properties of calcium (Ca2+) and potassium (K+) channels of antral circular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
Current Situation of Mycotoxin Contamination and Co-occurrence in Animal Feed—Focus on Europe

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi especially those belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Penicillum and Fusarium. Mycotoxin contamination can occur in all agricultural commodities in the field and/or during storage, if conditions are favourable to fungal growth. Regarding animal feed, five mycotoxins (aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A) are covered by EU legislation (regulation or recommendation). Transgressions of these limits are rarely observed in official monitoring programs. However, low level contamination by Fusarium toxins is very common (e.g., deoxynivalenol (DON) is typically found in more than 50% of the samples) and co-contamination is frequently observed. Multi-mycotoxin studies reported 75%–100% of the samples to contain more than one mycotoxin which could impact animal health at already low doses. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins is likely to arise for at least three different reasons (i) most fungi are able to simultaneously produce a number of mycotoxins, (ii) commodities can be contaminated by several fungi, and (iii) completed feed is made from various commodities. In the present paper, we reviewed the data published since 2004 concerning the contamination of animal feed with single or combinations of mycotoxins and highlighted the occurrence of these co-contaminations.
Friendships and social networks in childhood and adolescence: fluidity, reliability, and interrelations.

Social networks and friendships were tracked over a 3-week period for 132 students enrolled in fourth- and seventh-grade classrooms. Individual interviews were employed to collect data on friendships. Social group membership was determined by the composite social-cognitive map (SCM) procedure and by self-reports. Considerable overlap was found among the methods for establishing relational patterns (i.e., friendships, self-reported groups, composite social-cognitive maps). When loose criteria for stability were employed, high stability was found in friendships (p = .56-.75) and social group membership (p = .90) over a 3-week period. But when stringent criteria were employed, only modest social relationship stability was observed in both methods, suggesting that there is much greater fluidity in peer bonds than has been generally recognized. The relationship between friendship and social network measures, the distinctive information yielded by social networks, and gender and age differences in group structure, fluidity, and friendships are discussed.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Tinnitus: Influence of Tinnitus Duration on Stimulation Parameter Choice and Maximal Tinnitus Suppression

Objective: Tinnitus is a distressing symptom for which few treatments exist. It leads to an important decrease in quality of life in 2 to 3% of the population. Tinnitus is considered a phantom sound, the result of cortical reorganization. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to modulate cortical reorganization and has been shown to be able to influence tinnitus perception. Study Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: The effect of TMS of the contralateral auditory cortex in 114 patients with unilateral tinnitus is investigated as one of the selection criteria used for surgical implantation of electrodes on the auditory cortex. Intervention: TMS is performed at 90% of motor threshold at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 Hz, with each stimulation session consisting of 200 pulses. Results were classified as no effect (0-19% improvement), partial effect (20-79% improvement), and good effect (80-100 suppression). Main Outcome Measures: TMS had a good effect in 25% of the patients studied, partial effect in 28% patients, and no effect in 47%. Results: TMS at 200 pulses is capable of tinnitus suppression for seconds only. The results were influenced by tinnitus duration: the longer the tinnitus exists, the lower the stimulation frequency that yields maximal tinnitus suppression (p < 0.001). The maximal amount of tinnitus suppression decreases in time (p < 0.01), resulting in a 2% decrease of potential tinnitus suppression per year. Conclusion: TMS of the auditory cortex is capable of modifying tinnitus perception for a very short time. The maximal amount of suppression and best stimulation frequency depends on the tinnitus duration.
Bradycardia is associated with development of coronary collateral vessels in humans

BackgroundThe development of mature coronary collateral vessels in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) decreases the ischemic myocardial burden. Chronic bradycardia has been shown to stimulate formation of collateral vessels in experimental models. ObjectiveTo test our hypothesis that CAD patients with bradycardia would have better developed collateral circulation than would members of a control group. DesignA retrospective study examining the relationship between bradycardia and the development of coronary collateral vessels in patients with obstructive CAD. MethodsAdmission electrocardiograms and rhythm tracings obtained during angiography of all patients presenting to the cardiac catheterization laboratory were screened from January to October 1997. Angiograms for patients with heart rates ≤ 50 beats/min were reviewed. An equivalent number of consecutive patients with heart rates ≥ 60 beats/min served as controls. Patients with acute myocardial infarction, with rhythms other than sinus, and without high grade obstructive CAD (< 70% stenosis) were excluded from the study. ResultsThe study population consisted of 61 patients, 30 having heart rates ≤ 50 beats/min (group A), and 31 controls with heart rates ≥ 60 beats/min (group B). A significantly greater proportion of patients in group A than of matched controls was demonstrated to have developed collaterals (97 versus 55% in group B, P < 0.005). The mean collateral grades were 1.66 and 0.95 for subjects in groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.001). CAD patients with bradycardia are more likely (odds ratio 24, 95% confidence interval 5–146) to have angiographic coronary collaterals than are those with higher heart rates. ConclusionResults of this study demonstrate that there is an association between bradycardia and growth of collateral vessels in patients with obstructive CAD. Bradycardic agents may be useful for promoting development of coronary collaterals in patients with atherosclerotic disease.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A promising cell‐based therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction

For decades, mesenchymal stem (MSCs) cells have been used for cardiovascular diseases as regenerative therapy. This review is an attempt to summarize the types of MSCs involved in myocardial infarction (MI) therapy, as well as its possible mechanisms effects, especially the paracrine one in MI focusing on the studies (human and animal) conducted within the last 10 years. Recently, reports showed that MSC therapy could have infarct‐limiting effects after MI in both experimental and clinical trials. In this context, various types of MSCs can help cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Furthermore, MSCs could produce paracrine growth factors that increase the survival of nearby cardiomyocytes, as well as increase angiogenesis through recruitment of stem cell from bone marrow or inducing vessel growth from existing capillaries. Recent research suggests that the paracrine effects of MSCs could be mediated by extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) released by MSCs are promising therapeutic hotspot target for MI. This could be attributed to the role of miRNA in cardiac biology, including cardiac regeneration, stem cell differentiation, apoptosis, neovascularization, cardiac contractility and cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, gene‐modified MSCs could be a recent promising therapy for MI to enhance the paracrine effects of MSCs, including better homing and effective cell targeted tissue regeneration. Although MSC therapy has achieved considerable attention and progress, there are critical challenges that remains to be overcome to achieve the most effective successful cell‐based therapy in MI.
Haemorrhoidectomy: randomised controlled clinical trial of Ligasure compared with Milligan-Morgan operation.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of the Ligasure system in the management of haemorrhoids. DESIGN Unblinded randomised clinical trial. SETTING Teaching hospital, Spain. PATIENTS 112 patients with third and fourth degree haemorrhoids. INTERVENTIONS For 56 patients we used Ligasure system and a variant of Milligan and Morgan's technique. For the other 56, we used the traditional technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative pain. RESULTS Operating times varied from 100 seconds for each haemorrhoidal cushion with Ligasure system to the 313 seconds by the traditional technique. The blood loss was not quantifiable in patients operated on with Ligasure. Pain was scored on a visual analogue scale. In the Ligasure group, the mean scores were 4.9 (immediate postoperative period) and 2.3 (24 hours later). In the other group, the scores were 7.8 and 6.9. These differences were significant. CONCLUSION Haemorrhoidectomy using Ligasure as a technical variant of Milligan and Morgan's technique has important advantages.