Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The resolving power of coseismic surface displacement data for fault slip distribution at depth

The spatial slip distribution of the August 17, 1999, Izmit (Turkey) earthquake has previously been determined from both geodetic and seismological data. Though the models derived agree on a broad scale, they are significantly different in detail. These differences could be due to the inversion techniques applied and/or additional constraints implemented and/or be due to poor resolution. It is also conceivable that the relative agreement at larger scales results in part from a resolution artifact common to all models. To investigate this we perform a resolution analysis of fault slip models based on the inversion of surface displacement data. Assuming the theory of elastic dislocations in a half‐space and adopting a parameterization for which model predictions are capable of fitting the spatial variations of the data, the inverse problem proves to be intrinsically ill‐conditioned.
Signal processing via web services: The use case WebMAUS

The CLARIN infrastructure aims at providing a technical infrastructure for language resources. In this context we present the design of a web service and a corresponding interface to provide easy access to an formerly only locally executable application for automatic segmentation and labeling called Munich AUtomatic Segmentation (MAUS). Using a standard description format we not only make the manual usage of those services possible, but also enable access from within other services or chaining engines like WebLicht. As an example for the integration of the web service in another application, we show the WebMAUS integration into ELAN.
Force Control of Electrical Load System Based on Single Neuron PID Adaptive and Repetitive Control

In view of the surplus torque and complexity of controlled plant in passive electrical load system, a novel approach based on single neuron PID adaptive control and repetitive control for repetitive periodic load control system is proposed. Radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used to identify the system on-line for the single neuron PID controller to adjust its weights and PID parameters by self- learning and self-adapting based on the desired output. The dynamic state performance can be improved by the single neuron adaptive PID control and the steady state performance is also improved by modified repetitive control. Computer simulation results show that the force/position hybrid control system can effectively reduce the surplus torque and improve the loading precision, and also it has fine dynamic and steady state performance and good robustness. The reliability of whole system is further improved.
A combinatorial formulation for the Seiberg-Witten invariants of 3-manifolds

The Seiberg-Witten invariant of a closed connected oriented 3-manifold M is an integer-valued function SW = SW (M) on the set of Spin-structures S(M) on M . This function is defined under the assumption b1(M) ≥ 1 where b1 is the first Betti number; in the case b1(M) = 1 the function SW depends on the choice of a generator of the group H(M ;Z) = Z. The definition of SW runs parallel to the definition of the Seiberg-Witten invariant of 4-manifolds, cf. [Mo], [MT], [MOY]. It was observed by Meng and Taubes [MT] that a weaker function SW (M) is essentially equivalent to the Alexander polynomial of M . Their proof of this remarkable theorem is based on the interpretation of the Alexander polynomial as a Reidemeister-type torsion, see [Mi] for the case of 3-manifolds with boundary and [Tu1] for the case of closed 3-manifolds. In 1989, the author introduced so-called Euler structures on manifolds and their combinatorial torsion invariants, see [Tu4]. In dimension 3, the Euler structures are equivalent to Spin-structures. Combining these facts with the constructions of torsions introduced in the author’s earlier papers, one obtains a combinatorially defined function T = T (M) : S(M) → Z, see [Tu5]. This function is well defined for b1(M) ≥ 2 and depends on the choice of a generator of H(M ;Z) = Z for b1(M) = 1. The function T determines the Alexander polynomial of M . These facts and the Meng-Taubes theorem strongly suggest a close relationship between the functions SW and T . The following theorem is the main result of this paper.
Characterization of fermented Okara powder and its effect on lipid oxidation of emulsion-type pork sausage during cold storage

3 Chuanhai Tu, Shanshan Zhang, Qiuqin Zhang, Yu Xiao, Guangliang Xing, Haiyan Xia, 4 Mingsheng Dong* 5 6 College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 7 Jiangsu Province, P R China 8 9 10 11 12 *Corresponding author: 13 Mingsheng Dong, 14 College of Food Science and Technology 15 Nanjing Agricultural University 16 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China 17 Tel. : +86 025 84399090 18 Fax: +86 025 84399090 19 E-mail address: dongms@njau.edu. cn. 20
The central role of the construction sector for climate change adaptions in the built environment

Over the past years, research has clearly enunciated the necessity of adaptation to climate change in the built environment. Policy is being developed on national and municipal levels to have adaptations implemented. However, for the actual application of the measures, property owners are the actors that have to commission the construction industry to take action. But the construction sector is highly fragmented, causing several barriers for an easy uptake of measures other than the ‘business as usual’ ones. Based on rehabilitation intervention processes where technical measures are applied to dwellings of a housing association in the Netherlands, a governance approach for implementing adaptation measures is explored that focuses on collaboration in the construction process. In the proposed approach actors are working closely together, guided by elements of network governance. By not only integrating the complete supply chain, but also making it ‘intelligent and aware’, climate adaptation is no longer a surplus to the process, but reflected in any decision.
A quantitative method for selecting renewable energy projects in the mining industry based on sustainability

Mining companies sponsor a range of non-core, corporate social responsibility projects to adhere to social and labour plans and environmental management prerequisites that form part of a mining licence application. Some companies go above and beyond such projects, sponsoring initiatives that generate renewable energy through solar power, wind energy, natural gas, etc. The challenge for the company is to choose between a variety of projects to ensure maximum value for the company, especially in times when the economic climate might be less favourable for such projects. The focus of this research was to analyse the concept of sustainability as it exists today, and to apply that to the triple bottom line accounting method in an attempt to quantify the sustainability of a project and compare it with another project. A case study was done on the methane burn-off project at Sibanye Gold’s (previously Gold Fields’) Beatrix Mine to establish how such projects are planned and financed in the industry, and what impact they have on the triple bottom line of a Page 3 of 136 company. The financial bottom line is by definition one that executives understand. A quantitative method of also defining the social and environmental bottom lines is now proposed. By considering the financial, social and environmental values obtained, a monetary value is established for a sustainable renewable energy project. This monetary value can be compared to similar values obtained for other sustainable renewable energy projects under consideration. Monetary value alone is not enough to base a sustainable decision on and qualitative measures are suggested for use in conjunction with quantitative methods. The proposed method will permit the board of a mining company to choose the most sustainable option and the project that will add the greatest value to the company across all three bottom lines. It will also provide increased justification for such renewable energy projects, even in periods of harsh or uncertain economic climates.
of the 23 rd Annual EMBS International Conference , October 25-28 , Istanbul , Turkey Removing Power Line Noise From Recorded EMG

Three methods for offline removal of power line interference (hum) from electromyograms (EMGs) were compared using both simulated and recorded EMG signals. The first method was a simple recursive digital notch filter. In the second method (Regression-Subtraction), the amplitude and phase of the interference were estimated by regressing sine and cosine functions onto a ‘quiet period’ before the start of the muscular contraction. A sinusoid with this frequency, magnitude and phase was then subtracted from the entire length of the signal. In the third method (Spectrum Interpolation), it was assumed that the magnitude of the original component of the signal at the frequency of the interference can be approximated by interpolating between the adjacent frequency bins in the power spectrum. While Regression-Subtraction was found to give the highest SNR for the output signal under ideal conditions, Spectrum Interpolation was found to be comparable if the phase of the interference was not constant and superior if the interference contained strong harmonic components. Keywords-EMG, signal processing, digital filtering.
Temporal changes in the amino acid contents of particulate organic matter sedimenting in the Bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer (northwestern Mediterranean)

We monitored gross sedimentation rates (GSR) together with organic carbon, total hydrolysable (THAA) and enzymatically available (EHAA) amino acid contents of the particulate organic matter collected within 2 sediment traps moored during a 4 yr period at a shallow station (18 m) in the Bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer (northwestern Mediterranean). GSRs were between 0.26 and 470.55 g DW m -2 d -1 They were low during spring and summer, and usually higher but much more variable during fall and winter. Organic carbon concentrations were between 1.21 and 6.94% DW, versus 3.36 and 29.16 mg g -1 DW, and 0.54 and 14.44 mg g -1 DW for THAA and EHAA, respectively. EHAA/THAA ratios were between 13.91 and 65.78%. These 4 parameters showed an annual peri- odicity and correlated negatively with GSR, which supports the role of resuspension in controlling sedimentation. THAA and EHAA spectra were both dominated by glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. However, there were consistent differences between the 2 kinds of spectra. EHAAs were enriched in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine and aspartic acid; and depleted in arginine, lysine, glycine and histidine. EHAA spectra showed fewer temporal changes than THAA spectra. In all cases but one, significant changes in THAA spectra were related to glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and threonine, and were indicative of the presence of degraded material, probably due to resuspen- sion. We computed degradation indexes based on both THAA and EHAA spectra. THAA degrada- tion index was between -0.318 and 1.363 versus 0.051 and 1.006 for EHAA. Both of these indexes showed an annual periodicity and correlated positively (although weakly) with EHAA/THAA ratios. None of them correlated negatively with GSR. This last result suggests that EHAA/THAA ratios con- stitute a better index of the lability of particulate organic matter than degradation indexes.
What are Ontologies Useful For

This article is a reasoned survey about the main roles of ontologies in the Web era. It starts by providing a background enabling the reader to understand what ontologies in Computer Science are. Then it shows the most meaningful uses of ontologies and discuss the role of inferences and reasoners about ontological knowledge. Once the decision to use semantic knowledge has been taken, next step is to find or build the suited ontology. To this purpose, the article shows how existing ontologies can be found and reused. Moreover, it presents some methodologies for building ontologies and some tools supporting ontology development. The last section highlights open issues related to reasoning mechanisms, ontology mapping, ontology evolution, and automatic ontology development. The main goal of this article is to provide the reader with a synthesis of the advantages and limitations that the usage of ontologies has in Computer Science, in order to enable her/him to take informed decisions concerning the exploitation of ontological knowledge within different kinds of projects.
Ovarian Cancer Genetics: Subtypes and Risk Factors

The genetics of ovarian cancer are a complex, ever evolving concept that presents hurdles in classification, diagnosis, and treatment in the clinic. Instead of common driver mutations, genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer. While ovarian cancer is stratified into different clinical subtypes, there still exists extensive genetic and progressive diversity within each subtype. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the most common subtype, TP53 is mutated in over 90% of all patients while the next most common mutation is less than 20%. However, next-generation sequencing and biological statistics have shown that mutations within DNA repair pathways, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, are common in about 50% of all high-grade serous patients leading to the development of a breakthrough therapy of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. This is just one example of how a better understanding of the complex genetic background of ovarian cancer can improve clinical treatment. A thorough review of ovarian cancer genetics and the effect it has on disease development, diagnosis, progression, and treatment will enhance the understanding of how to better research and treat ovarian cancer.
The Effect of Supplementing Sodium Butyrate Containing Feed with Glutamine and/or Glucose on the Structure of the Piglet Digestive Tract and Selected Blood Indices

Abstract The effect of supplementing the standard piglet diet containing sodium butyrate with glutamine and/or glucose on the structure of the piglet digestive tract and the small intestine epithelium, acidity and volatile fatty acid content of its digesta was investigated. The free amino acids level, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration in the blood were also analysed. The experiment was performed on 156 piglets (15 litters) allocated to 5 experimental groups, 3 litters in each. Group I (C, negative control) received a basal mixture with no supplement. Group II (SB, positive control) was fed the same basal diet containing additionally 3 g of sodium butyrate per kg. Group III and IV, besides sodium butyrate, received additionally 10 g of glutamine (GT) or glucose (GC), respectively. The last group V received all these supplements, i.e. SB+GT+GC (3, 10, 10 g per kg, respectively). At 60 days of age, the piglets (6 animals from each group) were slaughtered and their intestines were measured and weighed. The piglets in group SB+GT+GC receiving all the supplements grew slightly faster than the others, and at the end of the experiment the differences in body weight were significant. The total intestinal mass of the piglets fed with glucose or all the supplements was significantly higher than that of the piglets receiving glutamine but there was no significant difference in the total length of intestines. There was also no significant difference in acidity of chyme along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. Digesta in the jejunum of both control groups (C, SB) contained significantly more SCFA than the remaining groups. In the caecum their content in the negative control and the group fed with all supplements was significantly higher when compared to the butyrate and glucose group. In the duodenum villus height was similar in all the groups but in the jejunum it was significantly higher in the group receiving all supplements than in other groups. Free amino acids level was lowest in the piglets receiving glucose but there was no difference between the remaining groups. The lowest level of IGF-1 was found in the same group and this difference was significant when compared with remaining groups, except C. It is concluded that glutamine and glucose, when given together with sodium butyrate, improve the structure of piglet jejunum epithelium and average body weight gains. A supplement of glucose significantly lowers free amino acid content and IGF-1 level in piglet blood.
Does interlanguage phonology accommodation contribute to inter-examiner variability when rating pronunciation in oral proficiency interviews?

This study investigated factors that could affect inter-examiner reliability in the pronunciation assessment component of speaking tests. We hypothesised that the rating of pronunciation is susceptible to variation in assessment due to the amount of exposure examiners have to nonnative English accents. An inter-rater variability analysis was conducted on the English pronunciation ratings of three test candidate interlanguages: Chinese, Korean and Indian English. Pronunciation was rated by 99 International English Language Testing System (IELTS) examiners across five geographically dispersed test centres. The examiners had either prolonged exposure, or no, or little exposure to the interlanguage of the candidates. A significant proportion of examiners rated pronunciation higher when they had prolonged exposure, and lower when they had no, or little, exposure to the candidates’ interlanguage. We attribute this to the perceptual magnet effect and the resulting sociolinguistic and psychoacoustic phenomenon identified by this study that we have termed interlanguage phonology accommodation. It is recommended that interlanguage phonology accommodation should be considered in the design of speaking tests and rater training.
Reviews Sentiment analysis for collaborative recommender system

recommender system nowadays is used to deliver services and information to users. A recommender system is suffering from problems of data sparsity and cold start because of insufficient user rating or absence of data about users or items. This research proposed a sentiment analysis system work on user reviews as an additional source of information to tackle data sparsity problems. Sentiment analysis system implemented using NLP techniques with machine learning to predict user rating form his review; this model is evaluated using Yelp restaurant data set, IMDB reviews data set, and Arabic qaym.com restaurant reviews data set under various classification model, the system was efficient in predicting rating from reviews.
Application of Indicator kriging to Evaluate the Probability of Exceeding Nitrate Contamination Thresholds

Nitrate contamination is one of the main risks for groundwater in agricultural areas. Theevaluation of the effect of agricultural practices on groundwater nitrate concentration, especially in highlysensitive areas, is crucial for a correct land planning, and a good agronomic intervention scheduling. Aim of this paper is to map the probability to exceed nitrate regulatory threshold applying a non-parametric geostatistical approach, the Indicator Kriging (IK). A study in the Fucino Plain (Abruzzo, Central Italy), characterized by highly profitable intensive agriculture with mainly irrigated horticultural and short rotation crops, was carried out. The Plain has a shallow and controlled groundwater table, and channels draining the surplus water during winter. Water samples were collected monthly from piezometers and analysed for nitrate. IK provided a model of spatial uncertainty, representing the probability that the threshold of 50 mg/L fixed by the European Nitrate Directive is exceeded, and results were transferred into a GIS. Maps obtained for each month showed how the probability to exceed the threshold changes during an average year. The methodology can provide an effective operative tool to support decision-makers for the identification and the designation of nitrate vulnerable zones.
Impact of aerosol direct radiative forcing on the radiative budget, surface heat fluxes, and atmospheric dynamics during the heat wave of summer 2003 over western Europe: A modeling study

[1] In this work, an off-line coupling between the chemistry-transport model CHIMERE (associated with an aerosol optical module) and the meteorological model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) is used to study (1) the direct radiative forcing of pollution aerosols during the heat wave of summer 2003 over western Europe and (2) the possible feedbacks of this direct radiative forcing on the surface-atmosphere system. Simulations performed for the period 7–15 August 2003 reveal a significant decrease of daily mean solar radiation reaching the surface (ΔFBOA = −(10–30) W/m2) because of back scattering at the top of the atmosphere (ΔFTOA = −(1–12) W/m2) and also absorption of solar radiation by polluted particles (ΔFatm = + (5–23) W/m2). During daytime, the aerosol surface dimming induces a mean reduction of both sensible (16 W/m2) and latent (21 W/m2) heat fluxes emitted by the terrestrial surface, resulting in a radiative cooling of the air near the surface (up to 2.9 K/d at noon). Simultaneously, the absorption of solar energy by aerosols causes an atmospheric radiative heating within the planetary boundary layer reaching 1.20 K/d at noon. As a consequence, the direct radiative effect of aerosols is shown to reduce both the planetary boundary layer height (up to 30%) and the horizontal wind speed (up to 6%); that may have contributed to favor the particulate pollution during the heat wave of summer 2003.
Bank Consolidation and Market Structure in Nigeria: Application of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index

This paper investigates the effect of bank consolidation in Nigeria on the structural characteristics of the banking market using the three-bank, five-bank and eight-bank concentration ratios as well as the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) seven years after the conclusion of the first phase of the program. The result establishes a substantial increase in concentration for the post consolidation period with very high tendency to gravitate towards becoming a moderately concentrated market according to the USA merger guideline. Also, there is the emergence in 2012, of eight top dominant banks controlling more than 75% of the Nigerian banking business especially in the total assets market. The implication of this finding is that there is the need to forestall collusive and anti-competitive practices by stepping up the oversight functions of the regulatory and supervisory agencies while reviewing periodically the hurdles for new entrants to the industry.
Recurrent Neural Networks for Predicting Mobile Device State

Nowadays, mobile devices are ubiquitous in modern life as they allow users to perform virtually any task, from checking e-mails to playing video games. However, many of these operations are conditioned by the state of mobile devices. Therefore, knowing the current state of mobile devices and predicting their future states is a crucial issue in different domains, such as context-aware applications or ad-hoc networking. Several authors have proposed to use different machine learning methods for predicting some aspect of mobile devices' future states. This chapter aims at predicting mobile devices' battery charge, whether it is plugged to A/C, and screen and WiFi state. To fulfil this goal, the current state of a mobile device can be regarded as the consequence of the previous sequence of states, meaning that future states can be predicted by known previous ones. This chapter focuses on using recurrent neural networks for predicting future states.