Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação de risco ambiental estimado pela exposição ao óxido de grafeno.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar valores de concentracao sem efeito previsivel (PNEC) para oxido de grafeno (GO), considerando a presenca ou ausencia de acido humico no meio aquatico. Para isso, foram realizados testes toxicologicos e determinados os valores de concentracao de efeito nao observado (CENO) para 9 organismos. A PNEC de GO no compartimento aquatico, abaixo da qual os efeitos adversos provavelmente nao ocorrerao durante a exposicao a longo ou curto prazo, foi estimada em 20 ? g/L (na ausencia de acido humico) e 5 ? g/L (na presenca de acido humico). Estes dados contribuem para avaliacao de risco da nanotecnologia. - The objective of this work was to estimate the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for grapheme oxide (GO), considering the presence or absence of humic acid in the aquatic environment. Therefore, toxicological tests were performed and the values of no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for 9 organisms were determined. PNEC of GO in the aquatic compartment, below which adverse effects are unlikely to occur during long- or short-term exposure, was estimated at 20 ? g /L (in the absence of humic acid) and 5 ? g/L (in the presence of acid humic). These data contribute to the risk assessment of nanotechnology.
Gynoecium and Fruit Development in Heliotropium Sect. Heliothamnus (Heliotropiaceae)

Premise of research. Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) are morphologically readily defined by their peculiar floral morphology, especially their conspicuous stigmatic heads. Heliotropium L. is the largest genus of the family, and within this genus, Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus I.M. Johnst. is the sister clade to the remaining Heliotropium species. Earlier studies have pointed out a series of gynoecium morphological features of H. sect. Heliothamnus (e.g., a seemingly persisting columella and a gynobasic style) that are not present in the remainder of the genus but are paralleled in the closely related family Boraginaceae s. str. However, a detailed, ontogenetic understanding of the gynoecium and fruit morphology of H. sect. Heliothamnus has not been achieved. Methodology. Here we describe the development of the gynoecium and fruit of H. sect. Heliothamnus using SEM, light microscopy, and high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Pivotal results. The two-carpellate, syncarpous gynoecium is characterized by four functional subunits: a nectary, an ovary with four mericarpids, a style, and a stigmatic head. All four subunits differentiate simultaneously. At first, the stigmatic head is formed, followed by the style and the gynoecial nectary disc, which is then followed by the onset of the development of mericarpids. After anthesis, the size of the mericarpids increases and their surface sculpturing differentiates. All four mericarpids are laterally attached to each other around the central tissue of the ovary, which disintegrates during fruit development. The ovary is lobed and divided through septa between and within the carpels. After detachment, the contact areas between the mericarpids leave scars, which resemble the cicatrix of the Boraginaceae s. str. In contrast to the Boraginaceae s. str. , the whole gynoecium is dispersed. Conclusions. Mericarpid development in Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus follows a different developmental trajectory than in Boraginaceae s. str. Individual nutlets separate in two steps and not simultaneously. A tissue in the center of the ovary is present in immature fruits of H. sect. Heliothamnus, but it disintegrates during maturation and is absent in mature fruits. It is not structurally equivalent to the persisting columella characterizing the fruit of Boraginaceae s. str. The style is not gynobasic but rather distally attached to the mericarpids. The schizocarpic mericarpids in Heliotropium sect. Heliothamnus are thus not structurally correspondent to the eremocarps of the Boraginaceae s. str. , as previously suggested.
Root morphology of several potato varieties – infected Meloidogyne spp. and addition of organic matters

This research was aimed to determine root morphology of several potato varieties which were applied by organic materials into the planting medium inoculated nematodes. The research was conducted at Research Station of Horticulture in Berastagi, Sumatera Utara on May to November 2016. The randomized block design was used with two factors; the first factor was K1 = Positive control (no use compost / inoculation of nematodes) K2 = Negative control (no use compost / no inoculation of nematodes) K3 = Using compost mucuna and inoculation of nematode, K4 = Using compost peanuts and inoculation of nematodes and the second factor was potato varieties (Tenggo, Maglia, and Margahayu). The results showed that organic matters increased the shoot fresh weight, the root fresh weight, the tubers weight and the number of tubers, root diameter, root lenght. However, organic matters also increased the number of nematodes. Varieties of Tenggo and Maglia showed significant affect to all observed characters. The interaction of the two treatments had significant affect to the shoot fresh weight, the number of root-knot, and the number of tubers, root lenght. However, no significant affect was observed in root wet weight, and tuber weight.
Sequential and choice feeding in laying hens: adapting nutrient supply to requirements during the egg formation cycle

Conventional feeding systems for laying hens rely on a complete feed available ad libitum in mash, pelleted or crumble form. When complete feeds are used, intake is mainly controlled by the hens' energy requirement and feed presentation, but the birds cannot adjust their consumption to other nutritional needs and thus over-consume to cover the calcium needed for egg shell formation. Sequential, loose-mix and choice feeding offer birds the opportunity to select different diets in the short term. These feeding strategies have been proposed as alternative feeding systems whose main objectives are to match nutrient supply to individual requirements during the daily changes induced by the temporal sequence of the egg formation. This review discusses some findings related to the use of whole cereals and of alternating low and high energy or protein diets, conditions which may improve feed utilisation efficiency. In addition, the adjustment of calcium and phosphorus levels during the day can have benefits in terms of egg production and quality. This review explores the physiological basis for sequential, loose-mix and choice feeding and evaluates the impact of these systems on egg production and quality.
Genetic characterisation of canine and equine papillomaviruses and papillomatoses

Papillomaviruses can infect epithelia of humans and animals, resulting in most cases in asymptomatic infections. However many benign and several malignant disorders were shown to result from papillomavirus infections. Many different papillomaviruses have been described, most of them infecting humans. Animals have their own papillomaviruses but relatively few animal papillomaviruses are characterized or known at all. Even in common domestic animals, like the dog and the horse only one papillomavirus each had been studied in some detail in the past. This study was consequently initiated to shed more light onto the papillomavirus situation in these two species and to establish viable tools for this purpose. We were able to identify novel canine papillomaviruses (CPVs) associated with distinct clinical conditions. The DNA genomes from some of these viruses were cloned and sequenced. We found, that histologically distinct types of inverted papillomas seem to be associated with the presence of DNA belonging to different CPVs. Sequence analyses of newly cloned CPV genomes revealed that these genomes belonged to the papillomavirus genera Lambda, Tau and Chi. This phylogenetic characterization was supported by analysis of other features, such as genome organization and genome size. Some clinical-pathological characteristics were also reflected in this categorization, above all the finding that all CPVs inducing pigmented plaques belonged to the Chi papillomavirus genus. Based on a careful evaluation of PCR assays it was possible to show that viral DNA could be detected in the clinically healthy tissue from oral mucosa and interdigital skin of dogs. As a first step towards developing a tool for future research on the mechanisms of virus cell interaction, we have in addition generated keratinocyte cell lines harboring and transcribing the DNA of CPV1, CPV3 or CPV5 respectively. We also conducted a related project on horse papillomaviruses. In the horse papillomatoses are a well known problem and have already been described in ancient times. Curiously, the best known papillomavirus affecting horses so far is a bovine papillomavirus, BPV1, involved in the equine sarcoid. In this project, we identified equine papillomaviruses (EcPVs) in two other occasionally observed disorders, namely penile papillomas and aural plaques. We established PCR and in situ hybridisations and showed that samples of penile papillomas from the histological archive were positive for either of two described variants of EcPV2. Viral DNA was located in the nuclei of koilocytes, cells typical for active viral infection in the skin. This test might help in the molecular classification of equine papillomatoses.
Landscape structure and ecology influence the spread of a bat fungal disease

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2018 The Authors. Functional Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society. 1Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 2Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 3Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
KORELASI GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR (OCB)

The research focused on finding correlation between transformational leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The subject were 100 employees of PD. Pasar Surya Surabaya. Data was collected by MLQ (Multifactor Leadership Questioner) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) scale. Hypothesis is tested by product moment correlation technique. The result shown that there was a significant correlation between transformational leadership style and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) with rxy = 0,504, p < 0,001. TransformationaI leadership style has influencing 25,5% for organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). It means that 75% was influenced by others.
Isolation and Identification of Pyrene Degrading Bacteria and its Pathway from Suez Oil Processing Company, Suez, Egypt.

An indigenous bacterial isolate MAM-P39 was isolated from petroleum polluted soil by selective enrichment with pyrene as the sole source of carbon and energy. During growth on pyrene, the bacterial cell density was monitored by measuring the O.D600. Extracellular protein and bacterial count were determined. The degradation percentage of pyrene was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolate MAM-P39, which has been identified by 16S rDNA, was the best pyrene degrader. This isolate was identified as Pseudomonas panipatensis MAM-P39 with accession number MF150314. It could degrade 90.5% and 66.03% of 500 and 2000 μM pyrene. Degradation products of pyrene were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
Bioprocess engineering and genetically modified foods: tackling food insecurity in Africa

Bioprocess engineering today has made tremendous discoveries principally aimed at improving the overall quality of living of any society. Significant of these discoveries is the cultivation of genetically modified foods (GM foods). This paper discusses the problem of food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the practicability of GM foods in ameliorating this problem. In SSA, food security is currently being threatened by several factors ranging from natural systems that cause environmental deterioration such as floods and droughts to anthropogenic exacerbations ranging from poor land and agricultural management policies; increase in social and economic inequality; terrorism, civic unrest, strife and wars and rapid population growth and demographic changes, amongst others. Drawbacks to the poor food security in SSA is majorly associated with malnutrition and corresponding loss in human capita productivity in the region. Statistics currently portray that one in four persons in Africa is undernourished. Hence, the timely need for disruption in current trends is imperative. The growth of GM foods has seen an exponential increase worldwide, with over 179.7 million hectares being planted, this trend is however very poor in SSA. The pros, cons and hindrances influencing the use of GM foods in SSA have been discussed. It is the opinion of the authors that the use of Biotech improved foods in curbing the food crisis in SSA should be explored and committed to by the African Union, alongside amendment of policies that promulgate weaknesses of agricultural institutional in African Nations.
Effect of moisture stress on seed germination and early seedling growth of pulse crops

In vitro research was conducted to determine the influence of moisture stress on germination of pulse crops in Agronomy Department, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, during 2014. Four pulse crops viz: Mung bean, field pea, lentil and cow pea were tested for germination traits under three moisture stress conditions. All the crops were kept at room temperature and in germinator at 30 C. The moisture stress significantly reduced germination and early growth parameters. The germination and growth parameter were recorded after 4 and 12 days, respectively. Root shoot ratio was calculated for growth parameters. The maximum seed germination (87.33 %), shoot length (326.0 mm), root length (145.7 mm) were recorded in field pea. Fresh shoot weight (22640 mg), dry shoot weight (2513 mg) and dry root weight (1897 mg) were recorded in cowpea. The minimum seed germination (67.33 %), fresh shoot weight (2227 mg), fresh root weight (1877 mg), were recorded in mungbean. Whereas minimum shoot length (185.3 mm) and root length (85.00 mm) were observed in cowpea and lentil, respectively. The maximum seed germination (86.42%), root length (112.3 mm), fresh shoot weight and dry root weight were recorded under daily moisture conditions. Results reflected that daily and alternate day moisture application proved better germination and seedling growth traits while two days after moisture application showed stress as the result of poor growth of early plant traits. The best seed germination and growth traits were recorded in field pea while cow pea ranked second, lentil third and mung bean fourth.
Effect of linseed oil sediment in the diet of pigs on the growth performance and fatty acid profile of meat

ABSTRACT The objective of this investigation was to examine the influence of dietary linseed oil sediment on the growth performance and fatty acid composition in the muscle tissue of pigs. Sixty-eight crossbred Swedish Yorkshire × Norwegian Landrace pigs were allocated to two trials with two different levels of linseed oil sediment. Twenty-four pigs in Trial 1 were allotted into control 1 and experimental 1, of 12 animals each, and forty-four pigs in Trial 2 were allotted into control 2 and [. ]
The role of lipoteichoic acid and the leukocyte integrins in the binding of group B streptococci to murine peritoneal macrophages

The macrophage has been shown to bind potentially pathogenic bacteria in the absence of serum components, but the mechanism is not well understood. The macrophage is a key component of our non-inducible defenses and this form of innate immunity is of particular importance for individuals in which the immune system may be sub-optimally functional, e.g., neonatal and geriatric individuals, and for sites in the body in which serum enhancement through opsonins is thought to be insufficient, e.g., lungs. To understand the mechanism by which mammalian innate host defenses respond to potential microbial aggression by opportunistic microorganisms, I developed two assays to quantify the in vitro, serum-free adherence of group B Streptococcus to murine peritoneal macrophages. The first is a modified direct microscopic assay, while the second is based upon an enzyme-linked assay using bacterial specific antibody. Sugar inhibition assays as well as studies with isogenic strains and neuraminidase-treated streptococci could not confirm a mechanism proposed by other investigators that macrophages recognize these streptococci by a lectin-like receptor for galactose. I observed that binding characteristics of the macrophage, such as temperatureand divalent cation-dependence, protease sensitivity, and enhancement by fibronectin and phorbol esters, were similar to those of the $\beta\sb2$ integrins, a heterodimeric family of leukocyte receptors. Monoclonal antibodies M1/70, which recognizes the $\alpha$-subunit of one member of the family, complement receptor 3 (CR3), and M18/2, which recognizes the $\beta$-subunit, common to all three members, were each shown to reduce bacterial adherence to down-modulation, flow cytometric and soluble inhibition studies. Using similar approaches I have additionally shown that the purified streptococcal membrane phosphosugar, lipoteichoic acid, can inhibit the binding of these bacteria to macrophages. These results support roles for both lipoteichoic acid and the $\beta\sb2$ integrins in the innate recognition of group B streptococci by macrophages.
Transdiagnostic multimodal neuroimaging in psychosis: structural, resting-state, and task MRI correlates of cognitive control

Background Psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are associated with impairments in regulation of goal-directed behavior, termed cognitive control. Cognitive control related neural alterations have been studied in psychosis. However, studies are typically unimodal and relationships across modalities of brain function and structure remain unclear. Thus, we performed transdiagnostic multimodal analyses to examine cognitive control related neural variation in psychosis. Methods Structural, resting, and working memory task imaging and behavioral data for 31 controls, 27 bipolar, and 23 schizophrenia patients were collected and processed identically to the Human Connectome Project (HCP), enabling identification of relationships with prior multimodal work. Two cognitive control related independent components (ICs) derived from the HCP using multiset canonical correlation analysis + joint independent component analysis (mCCA+jICA) were used to predict performance in psychosis. de novo mCCA+jICA was performed, and resultant IC weights were correlated with cognitive control. Results A priori ICs significantly predicted cognitive control in psychosis (3/5 modalities significant). De novo mCCA+jICA identified an IC correlated with cognitive control that also discriminated groups. Structural contributions included insular, somatomotor, cingulate, and visual regions; task contributions included precentral, posterior parietal, cingulate, and visual regions; and resting-state contributions highlighted canonical network organization. Follow-up analyses suggested de novo correlations with cognitive control were primarily influenced by schizophrenia patients. Conclusions A priori components partially predicted performance in transdiagnostic psychosis and de novo analyses identified novel contributions in somatomotor and visual regions in schizophrenia. Together, results suggest joint contributions across modalities related to cognitive control across the healthy-to-psychosis spectrum.
Promoting human–dingo co-existence in Australia: moving towards more innovative methods of protecting livestock rather than killing dingoes (Canis dingo)

Abstract. Existing methods of reducing livestock depredation are heavily biased towards lethal control. However, criticism regarding the efficacy of such practices is rising. In Australia, over 200 years of lethal control has done little to resolve the conflict between dingoes (Canis dingo) and livestock producers. That is, killing dingoes does not necessarily prevent livestock losses. Rather than continuing with lethal control programs, there is an opportunity to shift to more innovative, effective and ethical non-lethal measures of protecting livestock from attacks. Traditionally, buffer zones (areas surrounding livestock enterprises or national parks where attempts are made to eradicate all dingoes entering that zone) have been put in place as a means to limit conflict. Although seen as more strategic than indiscriminately baiting over large areas, targeting dingoes in buffer zones does not necessarily remove problem animals. In addition, dingoes from outside baited zones eventually fill any territorial voids created. In order to break this cycle, we propose amending the traditional approach, so that instead of killing dingoes in these sensitive zones, they are excluded from production areas or otherwise discouraged from interacting with livestock (what we term ‘living buffer zones’). This can, in principle, be achieved through adoption of a suite of non-lethal management approaches, including aversive conditioning, which to-date has not been widely examined. In turn, resident dingoes conditioned to avoid livestock and/or livestock areas will maintain territories that largely exclude non-resident dingoes. Occasional ingress by transient dingoes will be met by the same exclusion and aversive strategies and are likely to quickly move on if harassed by resident dingoes. Such a strategy takes advantage of our ever-increasing knowledge of dingo biology and behaviour and leverages well established principles of animal learning. By funnelling funds currently spent on killing dingoes into experimental investigations of non-lethal approaches, we conclude that significantly more livestock will actually be saved.
Effects of Continuous Shade Stress during Procreation Growth Stage on Isoflavone and Lignin Accumulation in Developing Soybean Seed

a Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China b Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China * Corresponding author. Tel. : +28 86290960; fax: +28 86290870. E-mail address: jingzhang@sicau.edu. cn (J. Zhang), mssiyangwy@sicau.edu. cn (W.-Y. Yang). 1 These authors contributed equally to this work.
Genotypic Variability of the Queen Retinue Workers in Honeybee Colonies (Apis mellifera)

The polyandrous mating behaviour of the honeybee queen increases the genetic variability amongst her worker offspring and the genetic variability within the honeybee colony can affect their polyethism. In this study, we intend to understand whether there is genetic variability in the task of the queen retinue. Microsatellite DNA analyses revealed a total of 13 and 12 subfamilies in two colonies, respectively. It shows that the subfamily proportion of the queen retinue workers significantly deviated from random distribution, which suggests that they might have a genetic preference in the task of the queen retinue.