Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure and temperature dependent viscosity of two glass forming liquids: Glycerol and dibutyl phthalate

The pressure and temperature dependent viscosities of two glass forming liquids, glycerol and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), have been studied in the range P=0–3 GPa, T=0–125 °C, and η=101–1010 cP. These studies were made using a combination of a rolling‐ball and a centrifugal‐force diamond anvil cell viscometer. The majority of the results extend up to viscosities of 107 cP, with those at 22.5 °C going to 1010 cP. The overall precision of the data are approximately 10% or better throughout. This level of precision allows us to define a viscosity surface which can then be extrapolated to the glass transition along both temperature and pressure cuts. The T‐dependence of viscosity is larger for glycerol than DBP but the P‐dependence smaller for glycerol than for DBP, whereas the T‐dependence is much more pressure sensitive for DBP. These data provide an assessment of the T‐dependence of an isothermal model (free volume), the P‐dependence of an isobaric model (Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher) and by extension that for isoch.
Crystallisation of pentaerythritol

Growth measurements were made of pentaerythritol crystals in both fluidised beds and stirred suspensions. The measurements were made in both the presence and absence of the two by-product impurities known to be normally present in the commercial material. Maximum growth rates of the order of 10−9m/s were observed with activation energies of between 100 and 200 kJ/mol depending on the sample tested. The growth rate was second-order with respect to super-saturation. The two main impurities were found not to greatly influence the growth rate. There was evidence that a so far undetected third impurity, which was present in only trace amounts, was responsible for the very low growth rates observed.
Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of Ti-containing SBA-15 mesoporous materials

Titanium-containing SBA-15 mesoporous materials with Si/Ti molar ratios of 25, 50 and 100 (Ti-SBA-15) were successfully prepared by direct synthesized method using P123 as surfactant. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM and UV-Vis. It revealed at low Ti-loading (Si/Ti of 50-100), titanium was completely incorporated into SBA-15 framework, whereas at high Ti-loading (Si/Ti of 25) titanium was partially incorporated into SBA-15 framework, one part of Ti existed as extra-framework Ti (anatase phase). For comparison, Ti impregnated on Si-SBA-15 (Ti/SBA-15) was also prepared by postsynthesis method. In (*)this case, titanium was well dispersed onto the surface of SBA-15. The catalytic activities of Ti-SBA-15 with different Ti-content and Ti/SBA-15 samples were tested in the photocatalytic oxidation of red-phenol and in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The catalytic results showed that both the Ti-SBA-15 and Ti/SBA-15 solids are also the good catalysts for total photooxidation of red phenol. Especially, the tetrahedral coordinated titanium can oxidize red phenol much deeper than well dispersed titanium particles does. For photocatalytic reduction, the activities mainly depend on the number of Ti, not the state of Ti.
A critical look at the kinetic models of thermoluminescence—II. Non-first order kinetics

Non-first order (FO) kinetics models are of three types; second order (SO), general order (GO) and mixed order (MO). It is shown that all three of these have constraints in their energy level schemes and their applicable parameter values. In nature such restrictions are not expected to exist. The thermoluminescence (TL) glow peaks produced by these models shift their position and change their shape as the trap occupancies change. Such characteristics are very unlike those found in samples of real materials. In these models, in general, retrapping predominates over recombination. It is shown that the quasi-equilibrium (QE) assumption implied in the derivation of the TL equation of these models is quite valid, thus disproving earlier workers' conclusion that QE cannot be held under retrapping dominant conditions. However notwithstanding their validity, they suffer from the shortcomings as stated above and have certain lacunae. For example, the kinetic order (KO) parameter and the pre-exponential factor which are assumed to be the constant parameters of the GO kinetics expression turn out to be variables when this expression is applied to plausible physical models. Further, in glow peak characterization using the GO expression, the quality of fit is found to deteriorate when the best fitted value of KO parameter is different from 1 and 2. This means that the found value of the basic parameter, namely the activation energy, becomes subject to error. In the MO kinetics model, the value of the KO parameter α would change with dose, and thus in this model also, as in the GO model, no single value of KO can be assigned to a given glow peak. The paper discusses TL of real materials having characteristics typically like those of FO kinetics. Theoretically too, a plausible physical model of TL emission produces glow peaks which have characteristics of FO kinetics under a wide variety of parametric combinations. In the background of the above findings, it is suggested that the kinetics analysis of the TL glow curves should be carried out straightforwardly assuming FO kinetics.
The Chinese Characters Extraction Method Based on Area Voronoi Diagram in Inscription

Using computer technology to process the ancient calligraphy tablet images has a very important significance. This paper discusses the extraction of Chinese character from stele. According to the inscription image Characters distribution characteristics, we firstly introduce a Chinese character location method based on Area Voronoi Diagram. Then, aimed at the arrangement of the structure of the ancient tablets, some character segmentation methods are combined to form a simple and effective character segmentation method for inscription image. The experimental results show that this method is effective, and have the ability of anti-noise to some extent.
Bias–stress-induced threshold voltage shift dependence of negative charge trapping in the amorphous indium tin zinc oxide thin-film transistors

Indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering in Ar + O2 reactive gas, at room temperature. We present the effect of post-deposition annealing of ITZO thin films on the oxygen vacancies and on the characteristics of TFT devices. When the annealing temperature was increased from room temperature to 350 °C, the resistivity of ITZO film increased from 2.05 × 101 to 2.60 × 103 Ω cm and the interface trap density (Nt) of the TFTs reduced from 3.18 × 1013 to 4.83 × 1011 cm−2. The TFT with the ITZO film which was annealed at 350 °C showed a very small shift in turn-on voltage, even after applying positive bias stress of +12 V for 104 s. The current–voltage characteristics of 350 °C annealing temperature sample indicated that these TFTs were in an enhanced mode of transistor operation with a high on-to-off current ratio of ∼1.26 × 106, high field-effect mobility of 14.17 cm2 V−1 s−1, and low subthreshold slope of 1.23 V/dec. The trapping time reduced from 3720 to 1546 s as the annealing temperature increased from room temperature to 350 °C. These results suggest that thermal annealing played an important role in reducing defects as well as improvement in stability of the TFTs.
Ferrocenyl surfactants at the surface of water : Principles for active control of interfacial properties

We report the use of redox-active surfactants Fc(CH2)nN+(CH3)3·Br-, where Fc = ferrocene = [η5-C5H5]Fe[η5-C5H5] and n = 8, 11, or 15, in a study of principles for active control of interfacial properties of aqueous solutions. By comparing the surface activity of Fc(CH2)11N+(CH3)3 with that of HO(CH2)11N+(CH3)3 and CH3(CH2)11N+(CH3)3, we demonstrate that Fc(CH2)nN+(CH3)3 behave as unsymmetrical bolaform surfactants with one ionic “head” group (N+(CH3)3) and one nonionic “head” group (Fc), whereas ferrocenyl surfactants, when oxidized to Fc+(CH2)nN+(CH3)3, have properties of symmetrical bolaform surfactants such as N+(CH3)3(CH2)15N+(CH3)3. Oxidation of Fc(CH2)nN+(CH3)3 to Fc+(CH2)nN+(CH3)3 leads to changes in interfacial properties through three mechanisms, at least. First, near their critical micellar concentrations (cmc's), oxidation caused desorption of monolayers of Fc(CH2)8N+(CH3)3 and Fc(CH2)11N+(CH3)3 from the surfaces of their aqueous solutions, thereby recovering the surface tension of the aqueous .
Dediazoniation of Arenediazonium Ions in Homogeneous Solution. Part XII. Solvent effects in competitive heterolytic and homolytic dediazoniations

In heterolytic dediazoniations arenediazonium salts form aryl cations. The reaction rates are relatively slow; they depend only to a small extent on the solvent. It is shown that the solvents in which the heterolytic dediazoniation mechanism is predominant have a low nucleophilicity, whereas in solvents of high nucleophilicity homolysis of arenediazonium salts, i.e. the formation of aryl radicals and related intermediates, is favoured. Under comparable conditions, homolytic rates are faster than the corresponding rates of heterolysis. Homolysis is strongly enhanced by addition of nucleophiles which form relatively stable radicals by electron transfer. The ability of additives to catalyze homolysis of arenediazonium salts can be explained using the concept of a nucleofugic1homolytic leaving group.
Endocrine Disrupters in the Aquatic Environment: An Overview

Although a relatively new area of environmental research, the field of endocrine disruption has grown very rapidly, and currently many hundreds, perhaps even a few thousand, papers are published annually on the many different aspects covered by the field. As far as endocrine disruption in wildlife is concerned, most attention has been focused on aquatic organisms, for two reasons. Firstly, the aquatic environment receives most of the pollutants intentionally released into the environment, through effluents from wastewater treatment plants, and secondly because many of the best documented examples of endocrine disruption in wildlife are of partially or completely aquatic species. These two reasons are probably not unconnected, of course. Hence, aquatic organisms can receive continuous exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals throughout their lives, albeit usually to low concentrations of these chemicals. Analysis of effluents has identified many of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals present, and shown that these are both natural and man-made, and vary greatly in potency. Most attention has been directed to identifying the main estrogenic chemicals, because many of the effects reported in wildlife appear to be a consequence of ‘feminization’ of males. However, chemical analysis of effluents has also demonstrated that chemicals with other types of endocrine activity are present, such as androgens, anti-androgens, progestagens, etc. The effects (if any, of course) of such chemicals on aquatic organisms are unknown, and largely uninvestigated, presently. Much of the biological research has centred on the effects of estrogenic chemicals, especially to fish. These effects, such as elevated vitellogenin concentrations and intersexuality, have to date been studied almost exclusively at the level of the individual, and hence whether endocrine-disrupting chemicals cause population-level consequences is largely unknown (the undeniable effects of TBT on molluscs, leading to local extinctions, being the exception). It is my opinion that rather too much of the recent research has not advanced our understanding of endocrine disruption a great deal, and we are probably not much further forward now than we were five years or so ago. It is surely time to tackle some of the outstanding, unresolved issues, such as the impact of endocrine disruption at the population level, and the issue of how organisms respond when exposed to complex mixtures of endocrine active chemicals. Such research will not be easy, and will require multidisciplinary teams, including people with expertise in areas not yet involved in the field of endocrine disruption, such as mathematical modellers. However, until such research is done, it will not be possible to decide how important an issue endocrine disruption is to wildlife, and how that importance compares to the other factors adversely affecting wildlife, such as habitat loss, climate change, and the introduction of exotic species and novel diseases.
Flexible and planar graphene conductive additives for lithium-ion batteries

Graphene is introduced into a lithium-ion battery (LIB) as a type of novel but powerful planar conductive additive and the flexible graphene-based conducting network is characterized by a novel “plane-to-point” conducting mode with exceptional electron transport properties and unique geometrical nature (a soft and ultrathin planar structure). With a much lower fraction of graphene additives than those of commercial carbon based additives, the graphene-introduced LiFePO4 cathode shows better charge/discharge performance than commercial cases. Graphene also shows a better performance compared to carbon nanotubes, another type of novel conductive additive with similar fractions. These results present us an indication that graphene will possibly find early application as a flexible and planar conductive additive in high performance LIBs, as our further efforts have shown that a graphene-introduced battery is of better performance as compared to real commercial batteries with conventional additives.
Molecular orbitals and electronic spectra of benzo-fused and related porphyrin analogues

Molecular orbital (MO) calculations of more than 60 porphyrinic π conjugated structures have been performed within the framework of the Pariser–Parr–Pople approximation. The results of a series of compounds are introduced and summarized in order to show how they vary depending on the systematic change in molecular structure. These are shown schematically or itemized. Our results are compared with the spectra of the corresponding known compounds and with the MO results reported by previous workers, if available. In addition, the results have continually been compared, where possible, with those of tetraazaporphyrin or phthalocyanine systems. In naphthalene- or anthracene-fused compounds, these molecule-centered orbitals often appear, and these are indicated using either triangles or circles in figures if they appear between HOMO – 3 and LUMO + 3 orbitals.
SHELF‐LIFE EXTENSION OF FRESH FISH — A REVIEW PART I — SPOILAGE OF FISH

In 1982 the world fish catch was 75 million tons live weight. About 70% (52 million tons) was used directly for human food (30% of which was consumed fresh). The catch provided 14% of the world's need for animal protein, 4-5% of the total protein requirements, but less than 1 % of the nutritional energy needs (Whittle 1984). Fish is a good source of minerals such as calcium, phosphorous and iron, trace elements like iodine (in marine species), as well as vitamins. The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids contributes significantly to the essential fatty acid requirements and, in addition, probably helps lower cholesterol levels. Thus, fish is important in the diet of the developing world. Within developing countries there is a recognizable trend for the poor to spend proportionally more of their household expenditure for animal protein on fish rather thmon other meat products (James 1984). By the year 2000 when the anticipated world population will be 6.1 billion people of which 90% will be living in developing countries, about 104 million tons of fish will be needed world-wide to meet the demand. There are three major ways to possibly meet this demand:
Chemistry of Cu(acac)2 on Ni(110) and Cu(110) surfaces: Implications for atomic layer deposition processes

The thermal chemistry of copper(II)acetylacetonate, Cu(acac)2, on Ni(110) and Cu(110) single-crystal surfaces was probed under vacuum by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Some data for acetylacetone (Hacac, CH3COCH2COCH3) adsorbed on Ni(110) are also reported as reference. Chemical transformations were identified in several steps covering a temperature range from 150 K to at least 630 K. The desorption of Hacac and a 3-oxobutanal (CH3COCH2CHO) byproduct was observed first at 150 and 180 K on Ni(110) and at 160 and 185 K on Cu(110), respectively. Partial loss of the acetylacetonate (acac) ligands and a likely change in adsorption geometry are seen next, with the possible production of HCu(acac), which desorbs at 200 and 235 K from the nickel and copper surfaces, respectively. Molecular Cu(acac)2 desorption is observed on both surfaces at approximately 300 K, probably from recombination of Cu(acac) and acac surface species. The remaining copper atoms o.
Synthesis and Structure of Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Graphitelike BC2N Ternary Crystals

In this article we present the synthesis of three-dimensionally ordered ternary BC 2 N crystals produced under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Unit cell dimensions are a = 2.4820 ± 0.0007 A and c = 6.620 ± 0.003 A. The composition BC 2 N is derived from Vegard's law and quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy. The ordered arrangement of atoms in the unit cell is discussed.
Infrared study of the oxidation of porous silicon: evidence of surface modes

The evolution of FTIR spectra of PS during oxidation is studied in the range 450-1300 cm –1 . We show that the small scale of the PS structure leads to a significant scattering cross section for Frohlich surface modes associated to stretching modes in siloxane bridges. The kinetics of the evolution of both bulk- and surface-related modes are studied using Prin
Rapid Report

So far, there is only one procedure known to increase hypermetria in cerebellar patients. Facing an increased inertia of the moving limb, patients presenting a lesion of the lateral cerebellum are able to increase appropriately the intensity of the agonist electromyographic (EMG) activity (the launching force), but are unable to adapt the intensity of the antagonist activity (the braking force). As a result, hypermetria is larger when the inertial load is artificially increased. Recent studies have demonstrated that hyperventilation increases hypermetria in patients presenting a spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA 6), a disorder associated with polyglutamine expansions in the α1A‐voltage‐dependent calcium channel. The mechanism of this increase of hypermetria has not been identified so far. In the present work, we combined kinematic, EMG and transcranial Doppler studies to understand the effects of hyperventilation on fast goal‐directed movements in patients presenting a SCA 6. Both in the normal mechanical state and after increasing the inertial load of the moving hand, hyperventilation induced an increase of hypermetria. Hyperventilation increased the delay of the onset latency of the antagonist EMG activity and decreased the rate of rise of both the agonist and the antagonist EMG activities. Hyperventilation induced a marked decrease in cerebral blood flow velocities. The mechanism of this provocative test is original and is distinct from the mechanism of the load‐induced increase of hypermetria.
Characterization of methyl-doped silicon oxide film deposited using Flowfill™ chemical vapor deposition technology

In this article, methyl-doped silicon oxide films deposited using Flowfill™ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology have been chracterized for use in inter-layer dielectrics application. Films with different methyl concentrations were deposited and characterized in order to study the effect of methyl concentration on film properties. Material properties including chemical composition and bonding structure, density, dielectric constant (κ), refractive index, thermal stability, resistance to moisture absorption, leakage current, and hardness were investigated. The films have a κ as low as 2.7 and were found to be thermally stable up to 550 °C. They show excellent resistance to moisture absorption. Low-leakage current and breakdown voltage higher than 3 MV/cm were obtained. Their hardness is lower than silicon oxide deposited using plasma-enhanced CVD but is higher than most polymer and nanoporous low-dielectric constant (low-κ) materials. The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) characteristics of these f.
Mathematical Model for Wood PyrolysisComparison of Experimental Measurements with Model Predictions

Experimental and modeling work on pyrolysis of wood under regimes controlled by heat and mass transfer are presented. In a single-particle, bell-shaped Pyrex reactor, one face of a uniform and well-characterized cylinder (D = 20 mm, L = 30 mm) prepared from Norwegian spruce has been one-dimensionally heated by using a Xenon-arc lamp as a radiant heat source. The effect of applied heat flux on the product yield distributions (char, tar, and gas yield) and converted fraction have been investigated. The experiments show that heat flux alters the pyrolysis products as well as the intraparticle temperatures to a great extent. A comprehensive mathematical model that can simulate pyrolysis of wood is presented. The thermal degradation of wood involves the interaction in a porous media of heat, mass, and momentum transfer with chemical reactions. Heat is transported by conduction, convection, and radiation, and mass transfer is driven by pressure and concentration gradients. The modeling of these processes involv.
Eau d'adduction publique et gastro-entérites en Meurthe-et-Moselle

Dans un premier temps, nous avons etabli un bilan de la qualite de l'eau distribuee en Meurthe et Moselle. Il a montre qu'environ 30 % des rurales fournissent une eau de qualite variable ou mauvaise au vu des normes bacteriologiques. Puis en 1979 - 1980, une enquete epidemiologique prospective a ete menee en collaboration avec les medecins, les pharmaciens et les instituteurs. Leurs renseignements ainsi que la consommation de medicaments a polarite gastro-intestinale ont permis de mettre en evidence plus de 1 000 cas de gastro-enterite lors de 5 epidemies differentes. Des propositions d'action sont enfin faites pour remedier a cette situation qui semble etre identique dans le reste la France.
IDEAL GAS THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF HOBR

On the basis of the Gaussian-2 theory of molecular energies, supplemented with empirical data, we have determined the ideal gas heat of formation of HOBr, [Delta]H[sub f][degrees] (300), to be [minus]14.2 [+-] 1.6 kcal mol[sup [minus]1]. This is in contrast to the widely used estimate of [minus]19 kcal mol[sup [minus]1] and the recently suggested value of [minus]9 kcal mol[sup [minus]1]. Thermodynamic data for HOBr are derived in the 0-500 K range and used to compute reaction energies of importance to atmospheric chemistry. 29 refs., 3 tabs.