Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nilpotent orbits and theta-stable parabolic subalgebras

In this work, we present a new classification of nilpotent orbits in a real reductive Lie algebra g under the action of its adjoint group. Our classification generalizes the Bala-Carter classification of the nilpotent orbits of complex semisimple Lie algebras. Our theory takes full advantage of the work of Kostant and Rallis on pC , the “complex symmetric space associated with g”. The Kostant-Sekiguchi correspondence, a bijection between nilpotent orbits in g and nilpotent orbits in pC , is also used. We identify a fundamental set of noticed nilpotents in pC and show that they allow us to recover all other nilpotents. Finally, we study the behaviour of a principal orbit, that is an orbit of maximal dimension, under our classification. This is not done in the other classification schemes currently available in the literature.
First‐line chemotherapy with capecitabine and temozolomide in patients with metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas

Temozolomide is an active agent in metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas. In vitro data indicate that the combination of capecitabine and temozolomide is synergistic for induction of apoptosis in neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. The authors retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of capecitabine and temozolomide in 30 patients with metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas to assess response rate, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).
Design and Comparative Evaluation of a PCM-Based CAM (Content Addressable Memory) Cell

This paper presents the design of a content addressable memory (CAM) cell. This cell utilizes a phase change memory (PCM) as a storage element and an ambipolar transistor for data comparison; the operation of the ambipolar transistor is controlled by voltage at the polarity gate. A memory core consisting of a CMOS transistor and a PCM is employed (1T1P). For the search operation, the data in the 1T1P memory core are read and its values are established by using a differential sense amplifier. The proposed CAM cell is simulated and compared with other nonvolatile CAM cells by using emerging technologies (such as MTJ and memristor). The simulation results show that as the proposed CAM cell operates on a voltage basis, it offers significant advantages in terms of power delay product for the search operation and reduced circuit complexity (in terms of lower transistor and storage element counts) compared with other designs found in the technical literature.
Detection of subclinical mastitis from on-line milking parlor data.

A model, based on automatically collected data, was developed for detection of subclinical mastitis. The logistic regression model was based on the following variables: milk electrical conductivity, milk production, parity, and DIM. Subclinical mastitis was defined as a minimal period of 1 wk in which the SCC was > 500 x 10(3) cells/ml. In contrast, periods were defined as healthy if the SCC was < 200 x 10(3) cells/ml. The resulting model had a sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 90% for individual milkings. For periods of 14 milkings, sensitivity was 54% and specificity 92% when the threshold for that period was > 6 electrical conductivity signals for high SCC. Based on these test characteristics, the model could be used as an initial screening tool in a herd with a high incidence of subclinical mastitis. Cows with a signal would have a higher probability of being diseased than the total population. In such herds, separation of milk from the signaled cows might be a possible management strategy to reduce the SCC in the bulk milk tank.
The osmotic resistance, and zeta potential responses of human erythrocytes to transmembrane modification of Ca2+ fluxes in the presence of the imposed low rate radiation field of 90Sr

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of the imposed low dose rate ionizing field on membrane stability of human erythrocytes under modulation of transmembrane exchange of Ca2+. Materials and methods: Osmotic resistance of human erythrocytes was determined by a measure of haemoglobin released from erythrocytes when placed in a medium containing serial dilutions of Krebs isotonic buffer. The zeta potential as indicator of surface membrane potential was calculated from value of the cellular electrophoretic mobility. The irradiation of erythrocyte suspensions carried out by applying suitable aliquots of 90Sr in incubation media. Results: Irradiation of human erythrocytes by 90Sr (1.5–15.0 μGy·h−1) induced a reversible increase of hyposmotic hemolysis and negative charge value on the outer membrane surface as well as changed responses these parameters to modification of Ca2+ fluxes with calcimycin and nitrendipine. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the low dose rate radionuclides (90Sr) field modifies both Ca2+-mediated, and Ca2+-independent cellular signalling regulating mechanical stability of erythrocyte membrane. A direction of that modification presumably depends on the initial structure of membranes, and it is determined by the quality and quantitative parameters of changes in membrane structure caused by concrete operable factors.
Patterns of bone marrow involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic (well differentiated) non‐hodgkin's lymphoma. Its clinical significance in relation to their differential diagnosis and prognosis

Forty‐eight patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 12 patients with small (well differentiated) lymphocytic lymphoma (WDL) were histologically evaluated for their pattern of bone marrow (BM) involvement. Four different types of BM infiltration were recognized: nodular (N), interstitial (I), nodular and interstitial (mixed) and diffuse (D). The pattern of BM involvement was compared with the clinical, laboratory, and survival status in all patients. The extent of the disease in CLL patients, was determined by the Rai and the International Workshop on CLL Staging Systems, while in WDL patients the Ann Arbor staging system was used. In the CLL group the N pattern was found in 8%, the I in 33%, the mixed in 31%, and the D in 27% of the patients. Based on the International Workshop on CLL Staging System, the I pattern of BM involvement was more frequently found in Stage A (56%), the mixed in Stage B (68%), and the D in Stage C disease (90%). All CLL patients with D pattern required treatment from the beginning, contrary to CLL patients with the other patterns, in whom therapy was required in less than 50%. Similarly, deaths were more common in the D pattern than in the other patterns. In the WDL patients BM involvement was found in 4 of 12, (33%) and its pattern of positivity was always nodular, although most patients (10 of 12) had advanced disease. It is concluded that the frequency of BM involvement may contribute in the differential diagnosis of WDL from CLL. In addition, the pattern of BM infiltration correlates very well with the International Staging System for CLL, and the pattern of BM positivity in CLL patients also has prognostic significance.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THERMAL EFFECT ON OLIVE WOOD POROUS STRUCTURE DURING CARBONIZATION

The study presented in this paper is an investigation on the porosity changes induced by the carbonization of Tunisian olive wood. The porosity is measured by mercury porosimetry. The experimental results show that the total porosity of carbonized wood increases with the temperature. It should be underlined that the formation of some macropores during the increase of the temperature is certainly due to the breaking of the cell wall by the mercury penetration. The weakness of the cell wall is observed when the degradation rate of the three pseudo components of wood, the notion of which has been introduced by the authors in a previous article [Grioui et al. 2006], becomes high which corresponds to the temperature range between 523 K and 548 K.
Condition Dependence of a Multicomponent Sexual Display Trait in Drosophila serrata

Theory predicts that costly sexual displays should evolve condition dependence if the marginal fitness gain from trait exaggeration is greater for high- than for low-condition individuals and that the strength of condition dependence should increase with the strength of directional selection. While there is substantial support for the first prediction, evidence for the latter is much weaker. We undertook a quantitative test of this prediction for a multivariate sexual display consisting of a suite of contact pheromones termed “cuticular hydrocarbons” (CHCs) in Drosophila serrata. We performed a dietary manipulation of condition (i.e., the pool of metabolic resources available for allocation to fitness-enhancing traits) within a half-sibling breeding design, thereby also providing insight into the genetic basis of condition dependence. As predicted, the linear combination of CHCs under the strongest sexual selection from female mate preferences was unusually condition dependent relative to other CHC combinations within the population (). A significant positive correlation also existed between the strengths of condition dependence and sexual selection among different CHC blends (, ). Finally, sires varied in their response to the dietary manipulation, demonstrating significant genetic variance in condition dependence. Our results are consistent with the evolution of heightened condition dependence of sexual displays in response to persistent sexual selection.
Semi-supervised Online Bayesian Network Learner for Handwritten Characters Recognition

This work addresses the problem of creating a Bayesian Network based online semi-supervised handwritten character recognisor, which learns continuously over time to make a adaptable recognisor. The proposed method makes learning possible from a continuous inflow of a potentially unlimited amount of data without the requirement for storage. It highlights the use of unlabelled data for boosting the accuracy, especially when labelled data is scarce and expensive unlike unlabelled data. An algorithm is introduced to perform semi-supervised learning based on the combination of novel online ensemble of the Randomized Bayesian network classifiers and a novel online variant of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. We make use of a novel varying weighting factor to modulate the contribution of unlabelled data. Proposed method was evaluated using online handwritten Tamil characters from the IWFHR 2006 competition dataset. The accuracy obtained was comparable to the state of the art batch learning methods like HMM and SVMs.
In Vivo Investigation in Pigs of Intestinal Absorption, Hepatobiliary Disposition, and Metabolism of the 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Finasteride and the Effects of Coadministered Ketoconazole

The overall aim of this detailed investigation of the pharmacokinetics (PK) and metabolism of finasteride in pigs was to improve understanding of in vivo PK for this drug and its metabolites. Specific aims were to examine the effects of ketoconazole coadministration on the PK in three plasma compartments (the portal, hepatic, and femoral veins), bile, and urine and to use these data to study in detail the intestinal absorption and the liver extraction ratio and apply a semiphysiological based PK model to the data. The pigs received an intrajejunal dose of finasteride (0.8 mg/kg) either alone (n = 5) or together with ketoconazole (10 mg/kg) (n = 5) or an intravenous dose (0.2 mg/kg) (n = 3). Plasma, bile, and urine (collected from 0 to 6 h) were analyzed with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ketoconazole increased the bioavailability of finasteride from 0.36 ± 0.23 to 0.91 ± 0.1 (p < 0.05) and the terminal half-life from 1.6 ± 0.4 to 4.0 ± 1.1 h (p < 0.05). From deconvolution, it was found that the absorption rate from the intestine to the portal vein was rapid, and the product of the fraction absorbed and the fraction that escaped gut wall metabolism was high (fa · FG ∼1). Interestingly, the apparent absorption rate constant (ka) to the femoral vein was lower than that to the portal vein, probably because of binding and distribution within the liver. The liver extraction ratio was time-dependent and varied with the two routes of administration. After intrajejunal administration, from 1 to 6 h, the liver extraction ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by ketoconazole treatment from intermediate (0.41 ± 0.21) to low (0.21 ± 0.10).
Multicompartment analysis of gadolinium chelate kinetics: Blood‐tissue exchange in mammary tumors as monitored by dynamic MR imaging

The blood‐tissue exchange kinetics of gadopentetate were studied in 49 malignant and benign mammary tumors. Signal enhancement was monitored simultaneously in the aorta and in tumor for 10.5 minutes after the beginning of a 1 minute i.v. infusion of the contrast medium (CM). Kinetic analysis was based on a model with two compartments for systemic pharmacokinetics and up to three kinetically distinct compartments for tumor. Kinetic heterogeneity, ie, two or more compartments with different exchange rate constants in a given tumor, was found in 85% of carcinomas, 38% of fibroadenomas, and 14% of mastopathic tumors. The within‐tumor average of CM exchange rates was 1.22 (0.62–1.65) min−1 in carcinomas, 0.38 (0.26–0.60) min−1 in fibroadenomas, and 0.16 (0.12–0.20) min−1 in mastopathies (median and interquartile distances). The area under the signal enhancement‐time curve of the aorta varied 4.5‐fold between individuals. It is concluded that individual CM kinetics in arterial blood should be taken into account when CM exchange rates between blood and tumor are to be determined and that a kinetic model for potentially malignant tumors should allow for kinetic heterogeneity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:233–241. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Default values for improved product line management

Many companies apply software product lines based on explicit variability management. These product lines have existed for more than ten years. While research has progressed during that time and industrial experiences have been extensively reported, there seems to still be a gap between the industrial practice and research with respect to explicit software variability management. In this paper, we explain how commonality is managed in industry; how default values can be used to gain control over expanding scope and near-commonality; and discuss how evolution of default values indicate potential problems in industrial product lines. In addition, we explain what corrective actions can be taken to alleviate the identified problems.
Non-invasive circulating indicators of bone metabolism in uraemic patients: can they replace bone biopsy?

months after obtaining a steady-state because pursuing chemotherapy does not improve overall survival. In patients with myeloma kidney, no definite information is available. In myeloma patients with stable chronic renal failure, we occasionally observed an accelerated course toward ESRF simultaneous with disruption of antineoplastic drugs. Therefore we recommend longterm maintenance of well tolerated chemotherapy in all patients exhibiting nephrotoxic light chains. Due to poor prognosis of the disease, several groups have developed an aggressive therapeutic approach combining high-dose radiochemotherapy followed by allogenic or autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This is currently applied in patients less than 55-60 years of age and having a severe form of multiple myeloma. Serum creatinine below 300 umol/1 has been regarded as an exclusion criteria. Compared with autologous BMT, allogenic transplantation results in better efficiency with complete remission in 40% of the patients and a survival rate of 40% at 5 years but only applies to the rare patients who have an HLA-matched sibling. Because of its wide availability, the shorter period of cytopenia and the lesser risk of reinjecting tumoral cells, autologous peripheral blood-stem cells may be used after high dose chemotherapy (either cyclophospamide and/or melphalan) with or without total body irradiation. Current results are encouraging with a median survival of 60 months and an event-free survival time of 45 months after transplantation [7]. Using the same procedure Pruna al. (unpublished observations) have treated 10 patients (median age 415
Does cooking affect the phytate content in local soy based dishes ?

This study aimed to determine the effect of cooking on phytate content and the inhibitory effects of phytate on the bioavailability of minerals in eight Malaysian soy based dishes. Phytate was analyzed by using anion-exchange chromatography while minerals were analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Molar ratios were obtained by dividing the mole of phytate to minerals. Phytate content was reduced in cooked dishes compared to the raw ones but it was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Raw, cooked and whole dish soy products contained 257.14-900.00, 182.14-803.57 and 289.29-910.71 mg/100 g phytate, respectively. Boiling and steaming have reduced most phytate content in the food samples. Molar ratios for phytate/minerals in these samples (phytate/Ca >0.17; phytate/Fe >1) indicated that phytate content inhibited the absorption of calcium and iron. However, the ratio for Ca × phytate/Zn in all samples was less than 200 which showed that phytate did not affect the bioavailability of zinc.
Strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants: targeting residual symptoms

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an illness of great morbidity that affects many people across the world. The current goal for treatment of MDD is to achieve remission (i.e., no depressive symptoms). However, despite scientific advances in the treatment for MDD, antidepressants as first-line agents yield only modest remission rates. In fact, a recent study indicated that only one out of three subjects who received a standard, first-line antidepressant attained remission. Not achieving remission from depressive symptoms increases the risk of a more chronic and debilitating course of illness with frequent recurrences. Although a number of reasons contribute to these modest outcomes, the presence of residual symptoms is a major problem. Residual symptoms are defined as symptoms that linger despite an adequate dose and duration of an antidepressant medication. This article reviews the prevalence and clinical impact of common residual symptoms and discusses the utility of aggressively addressing residual symptoms to enhance the efficacy of antidepressant medications.
Preconditioning of isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes: induction by metabolic stress and blockade by the adenosine antagonist SPT and calphostin C, a protein kinase C inhibitor.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine if isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes could be preconditioned. METHODS Cardiomyocytes isolated from rabbit hearts were subjected to 15 min oxygenated preincubation, with and without substrate, prior to concentration into an ischaemic slurry, with or without glucose present. The effects of an adenosine agonist (CCPA), an adenosine receptor blocker (SPT), and the protein kinase C blocker, calphostin C, on rates of ischaemic contracture and survival of the myocytes were determined after various times of ischaemia, following resuspension of the cells in hypotonic media. RESULTS A glucose-free preincubation period protected myocytes from subsequent ischaemic injury, with a 40% reduction of cell death at 90-120 min and 1-2 h delay in cell death. CCPA added during preincubation and during the ischaemic period also tended to protect from injury, but the differences were not significant and protection was less than with a glucose-free preincubation. Although preincubation with CCPA did not precondition, SPT added to the preincubation medium only, or to both the preincubation medium and the ischaemic pellet, inhibited the preconditioning effect of a glucose-free preincubation period. Calphostin C, added only into the ischaemic pellet, inhibited the preconditioning effect of glucose-free preincubation. CONCLUSIONS Glucose-free preincubation protects ischaemic isolated myocytes from subsequent ischaemia. The degree of protection is great enough to account for protection seen in intact hearts, following preconditioning protocols. Protection is blocked by SPT and a highly specific protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C. Protection from ischaemic injury that seems to mimic ischaemic preconditioning can be induced in isolated cardiomyocytes, and appears dependent on adenosine receptors and activation of protein kinase C.
Coordination of the axonal cytoskeleton during the emergence of axon collateral branches

The formation of branches during development allows a single axon to make synaptic contacts with numerous target neurons, often in different parts of the nervous system, thereby allowing for the establishment of complex patterns of neuronal connectivity. Following injury, the formation of collateral branches contributes to the endogenous neuroplasticity which depending on the neuronal population can have beneficial (e.g., formation of compensatory relay circuitry) or adverse effects (e.g., development of autonomic dysreflexia). The formation of axon collateral branches from the axon shaft involves a complex series of signaling events and cytoskeletal reorganization. The initial step in the formation of a collateral branch is the emergence of axonal filopodia, supported by a bundle of actin filaments (Figure 1A). However, axonal filopodia are generated from precursor structures consisting of small meshworks of actin filaments, termed actin patches (Figure 1A inset). Actin patches are dynamic structures which form along the axon shaft, grow in size and subsequently are disassembled (for reviews on actin patches see Gallo, 2011, 2013). Although in live imaging studies using fluorescently labeled actin most axonal filopodia arise from a detectable actin patch, only a subset of patches gives rise to filopodia before dissipating. As the duration of filopodia is longer than that of patches, they are often not detected at the base of longer pre-existing filopodia, although they often re-emerge at the base of existing filopodia. In order for an axonal filopodium to mature into a collateral branch it must first become invaded by axonal microtubules (Figure 1A). Following the targeting and retention of axonal microtubules into the filopodium, the filopodium then begins to reorganize its actin filament cytoskeleton transitioning from a linear bundle of actin filaments to a distal accumulation of filaments giving rise to a nascent branch (Figure 1A), ultimately giving rise to a small growth cone structure at the tip of the branch. The transformation of a filopodium into a nascent branch is referred to as maturation of the branch which then grows in length (Figure 1A).
Cost efficiency of mobile in‐network caching

Mobile data volume is growing with an annual compound rate of 61% between 2014 and 2019. To cope with the data volume growth, a more dynamic and flexible network is needed. Caching has been deployed by both mobile network operators and content providers to reduce the load on centralized data centers and gateways. In addition, software‐defined networking (SDN) is a prominent solution to more flexibly and efficiently utilize the available network resources, especially in the mobile backhaul. However, installation of cache servers into the network means additional capital expenditure (CAPEX) and their daily operations incur operational expenses (OPEX). Thus, the change in cost of deploying and operating in‐network caching compared with data center caching is modeled in this paper using a Finnish Long‐Term Evolution reference network. In addition, this paper simulates both the SDN‐optimized in‐network caching system and data center caching, the results of which are utilized in the cost model. The simulation results show that, on average, in‐network caching compared with caching only in data centers reduces traffic load by 45% in the network and 6% in the gateways. The cost modeling indicates that in‐network caching reduces network‐related CAPEX by 1.53% and OPEX by 0.49% compared with caching only in data centers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.