Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strabismus surgery before versus after completion of amblyopia therapy in children.

BACKGROUND Normal visual development occurs when the brain is able to integrate the visual input from each of the two eyes to form a single three-dimensional image. The process of development of complete three-dimensional vision begins at birth and is almost complete by 24 months of age. The development of this binocular vision is hindered by any abnormality that prevents the brain from receiving a clear, similar image from each eye, due to decreased vision (e.g. amblyopia), or due to misalignment of the two eyes (strabismus or squint) in infancy and early childhood. Currently, practice patterns for management of a child with both strabismus and amblyopia are not standardized. OBJECTIVES To study the functional and anatomic (ocular alignment) outcomes of strabismus surgery before completion of amblyopia therapy as compared with surgery after completion of amblyopia therapy in children under seven years of age. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group Trials Register) (2014, Issue 6), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Ovid OLDMEDLINE (January 1946 to July 2014), EMBASE (January 1980 to July 2014), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (January 1982 to July 2014), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. We last searched the electronic databases on 24 July 2014. A manual search for articles from a review of the references of the selected publications and conference abstracts was completed to identify any additional relevant studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that provided data on strabismus surgery in children less than seven years of age, performed after initiation of, but before completion of amblyopia therapy, as compared with strabismus surgery after completion of amblyopia therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed studies identified from the electronic and manual searches. MAIN RESULTS There were no RCTs that fit our inclusion criteria and so no analysis was possible. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS As there are no RCTs currently available and the best existing evidence is only from non-randomized studies, there is a need for prospective RCTs to investigate strabismus surgery in the presence of strabismic amblyopia. The optimal timing of when to perform strabismus surgery in children with amblyopia is unknown.
Capturing the Stories behind the Numbers: The Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study (ARCOS IV), a Qualitative Study

Background Qualitative data can add value and understanding to more traditional epidemiological studies. This study was designed to complement the quantitative data from the incidence study the Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study or ARCOS-IV by using qualitative methods to uncover the richer detail of life as a stroke survivor, thereby extending our understanding of the impact of stroke. Aims The aims of the study were to identify how the experience of recovery and adaptation changes over time after stroke; and to elicit the strategies people with stroke and their whānau/family use and find helpful in living life after stroke. The aim of this paper is to describe the methodology and also the challenges and advantages of embedding qualitative research into a large epidemiological study. Methods Longitudinal study utilizing a Qualitative Description design in a subset of those taking part in the incidence study. Participants will be interviewed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after stroke. Semistructured interviews will explore three key areas: (1) issues of importance to people following a stroke and their whānau/family; (2) the perceived impact on people's sense of recovery, adaptation, and hopes; and (3) key strategies that people with stroke and their whānau/family use and find most helpful in living life after stroke. Thematic analysis will be conducted using iterative constant comparative methods. Conclusions This methodology paper demonstrates the application of mixed methods in epidemiology. It also considers some of the practical and methodological issues that have emerged and may provide a useful framework for other qualitative projects in population-based studies.
PREVALENSI RETINOPATI DIABETIK PADA POLIKLINIK ILMU KESEHATAN MATA SELANG SATU TAHUN

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is a disease that tends to damage retinal microvasculature as chronic progressive, related with the old hyperglycaemia and also connected with diabetes mellitus and hypertension; that can expand into certain level and can turn to serious complication. The purpose of this observation is to know about prevalence of diabetic retinopathy on Polyclinic Opthalmology BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou in Manado within one year. This method of observation are retrospective descriptive which is utilize the secondary data in notes form that is taken from Department of Opthalmology BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou in Manado within period June 2012 – May 2013 and October 2013. In this observation that had 498 samples, with 219 people (44%) that is positively diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. Based from sexes it self, diabetic retinopathy occur more in female patient as much as 116 people (52,96%). However, that disease is dominated with the patient at age 45-64 year old 128 people (58,44%) that also has history of diabetes mellitus. From 219 patients retinopati diabetik, there are 200 people (91,32%) that has vision problem. As we know about the risk of this disease, we are hoping that the patient of retinopati diabetik and diabetes melitus could constantly control their blood pressure and blood sugar, as well as eyes checking to cut down future risk. Keywords: Prevalence, retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, complication of diabetes. Abstrak: Retinopati diabetik adalah penyakit yang berpotensi merusak pembuluh darah retinal secara kronis progresif, berhubungan dengan hiperglikemia yang lama dan terkait dengan diabetes melitus juga hipertensi; dapat berkembang sampai tingkatan tertentu dan merupakan komplikasi yang serius. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi retinopati diabetik pada poliklinik ilmu kesehatan mata BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selang satu tahun. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif retrospektif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder berupa catatan medik yang terdapat di Bagian Mata BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Juni 2012-Mei 2013 dan Oktober 2013. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 498 sampel, dengan 219 orang (44%) yang terdiagnosa retinopati diabetik. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, retinopati diabetik lebih banyak dialami pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 116 orang (52,96%). Sedangkan untuk rentang umur, didominasi oleh pasien dengan rentang umur 45-64 tahun sebanyak 148 orang (67,5%), dan terdapat 128 orang (58,44%) yang memiliki riwayat diabetes melitus. Dari 219 orang pasien retinopati diabetik terdapat 200 orang (91,32%) yang visusnya terganggu. Dengan melihat resiko penyakit ini, pasien retinopati diabetik dan diabetes melitus diharapkan dapat mengontrol gula darah dan tekanan darah, serta dengan rutin memeriksakan mata untuk menekan progresifitas penyakit. Kata Kunci : Prevalensi, retinopati, retinopati diabetik, komplikasi diabetes.
Part I: Frequency of Depression after Stroke: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Background Approximately 15 million people who suffer a stroke globally each year are at risk of developing depression. Aim To update our systematic review and meta-analysis of the frequency of depression after stroke published in 2005, including studies published before July 2004. Methods We included all published observational studies (to 31 May 2013) with prospective consecutive recruitment and quantification of the proportion of people with depression after stroke. We included studies of adult (>18 years) patients with a clinical diagnosis of stroke, where an assessment of depression or depressive symptom burden was performed at a pre-specified time-point for all study participants. Results Data were available from 61 studies including 25 488 people. The proportional frequency of depression varied considerably across studies; however, the pooled frequency estimate of 31% (95% confidence interval 28% to 35%) was not significantly different from the 33% (difference of 2%, 95% confidence interval <1% to 3%) reported in the 2005 review. The proportion with depression between one and five-years (25%; 95% confidence interval 16 to 33%) and at five years after stroke (23%; 95% confidence interval 14 to 31%) was significantly lower. Conclusion Despite systematic review evidence describing validated depression screening tools and effective treatment and prevention strategies for depression after stroke, there has not been a significant reduction in the proportion of people experiencing depression after stroke. There is a pressing need for increased clinical uptake of evidenced-based strategies to screen for, prevent, and treat depression after stroke.
Acupuncture for stress urinary incontinence in adults.

BACKGROUND The use of acupuncture for stress urinary incontinence is increasing in frequency, especially in Asian area. However, its effectiveness and side effects have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and side effects of acupuncture for stress urinary incontinence in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register (searched 28 January 2013), EMBASE, AMED, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Acupuncture Trials Register and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (all searched 20 February 2013). In addition, we searched the reference lists of relevant articles and contacted authors and trialists in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of acupuncture interventions without other treatments for the management of stress urinary incontinence for adults. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility, trial quality and extracted data. We meta-analysed data where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS We identified 17 possibly eligible studies but only one small trial with 60 women met our inclusion criteria. The trial compared acupuncture versus midodrine, a drug for treating hypotension. The risk of bias was high as there was no concealment of randomised allocation, and there was no blinding of assessment of outcome. In addition, it was not possible to blind participants or health providers to the interventions. The statistical methods were not described.More women improved in the acupuncture group (73% with acupuncture versus 33% with midodrine; risk ratio (RR) 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 3.81) but the cure rates were low and not statistically significantly different (13% versus 7%; RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.40 to 10.11). There were adverse events in the drug group only. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The effect of acupuncture for stress urinary incontinence for adults is uncertain. There is not enough evidence to determine whether acupuncture is more effective than drug treatment.
Película lagrimal: su interacción y su adherencia sobre los lentes de contacto de hidrogel de silicona

El rapido aumento en la cantidad de adaptaciones de lentes de hidrogel de silicona, sus caracteristicasfisico-quimicas y las complicaciones que estos pueden presentar en cuanto a confort y tolerancia, requieren del conocimiento de los diferentes factores que puedan ocasionarlas. El objetode este articulo es revisar los aspectos referidos a los depositos en este tipo de lentes, que no soloafectan la vida util de estos, sino su comportamiento clinico. Los diferentes materiales, esto es, lospolimeros que los constituyen, contenido acuoso, hidrofobicidad/hidrofilicidad de la superficie,y tratamientos de superficie, son algunos de los factores relativos a los lentes de contacto. El pesomolecular, cargas electricas, polaridad e hidrofobicidad/hidrofilicidad, son caracteristicas especificasde cada uno de los componentes del film lagrimal. De las interacciones entre estos y loslentes de contacto depende la adherencia y caracteristicas de los depositos, con las consecuentesimplicaciones clinicas.
Training and supportive programs for palliative care volunteers in community settings.

BACKGROUND Palliative care is specialised health care to support people living with a terminal illness and their families. The involvement of volunteers can extend the range of activities offered by palliative care services, particularly for those living in the community. Activities undertaken by palliative care volunteers vary considerably but can be practical, social or emotional in nature. The types of training and support provided to these volunteers are likely to affect the volunteers' effectiveness in their role and influence the quality of care provided to palliative care clients and their families. Training and support can also have considerable resource implications for palliative care organisations, which makes it important to know how to provide this training and support as effectively as possible. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of training and support strategies for palliative care volunteers on palliative care clients and their families, volunteers and service quality. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library, 28 April 2014); MEDLINE (1946 to 28 April 2014); EMBASE (1988 to 28 April 2014); PsycINFO (1806 to 28 April 2014); CINAHL (EbscoHOST) (1981 to 28 April 2014); ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (1861 to 28 April 2014). We also searched the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE, The Cochrane Library); reference lists of relevant studies; and conducted an extensive search for evaluations published in government reports and other grey literature including the CareSearch database (www.caresearch.com.au (September 2004 to February 2012) and websites of relevant organisations, for unpublished and ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-randomised controlled trials, controlled before-and-after (CBA) studies and interrupted time series (ITS) studies of all formal training and support programs for palliative care volunteers. Programs or strategies in included studies were classified according to any stated or implied purpose: that is, whether they intended to build skills for the volunteer's role, to enhance their coping, or to maintain service standards. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors screened 2614 citations identified through the electronic searches after duplicates were removed. The search of grey literature through websites yielded no additional titles. We identified 28 potentially relevant titles but found no studies eligible for inclusion. MAIN RESULTS We did not find any studies that assessed the effects of training and support strategies for palliative care volunteers that meet our inclusion criteria. The excluded studies suggest that trials in this area are possible. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The use of palliative care volunteers is likely to continue, but there is an absence of evidence to show how best to train or support them whilst maintaining standards of care for palliative care patients and their families.
Puces à ADN : technologie et applications

Le projet Genome humain a permis des progres considerables dans l'elaboration des cartes physiques et genetiques et l'identification de genes associes a des maladies humaines. Les projets de sequencage d'autres organismes, qui ont ouvert la voie, ont egalement grandement contribue a l'acceleration des connaissances en biologie. Parallelement, de nouvelles techniques d'analyse moleculaire a grande echelle ont ete developpees, autorisant l'exploitation de ce flux de sequences genomiques. Ces progres sont a l'origine de la revolution que connait aujourd'hui la recherche biomedicale, avec notamment l'essor de la genomique fonctionnelle dont le but est l'analyse fonctionnelle des genes et des proteines. Parmi les techniques recemment developpees, les puces a ADN jouent aujourd'hui un role preponderant, tant par leur relative simplicite de mise en œuvre que par leurs nombreux champs d'application. Elles permettent l'analyse simultanee de plusieurs milliers de genes dans un echantillon biologique sain ou malade, aussi bien au niveau de son genome que de son transcriptome. Les resultats obtenus devraient permettre des avancees majeures dans le domaine de la sante. En effet, outre une meilleure comprehension des reseaux moleculaires complexes des cellules et tissus, on espere une caracterisation plus precise des mecanismes moleculaires des maladies qui devrait deboucher sur l'identification de nouvelles cibles therapeutiques et le developpement de nouveaux medicaments. Les profils genetiques obtenus doivent egalement permettre la definition de nouvelles sous-classes de pathologies non reconnues par les facteurs cliniques, et l'identification de nouveaux marqueurs de susceptibilite aux maladies, de nouveaux marqueurs pronostiques ou predictifs d'une reponse au traitement. Nous presentons ici la technologie des puces a ADN avec ses differentes approches et applications potentielles, notamment en cancerologie.
Pollen tube vs CHUKNORRIS: the action is pulsatile

This article comments on: Damineli SC, Portes MT, Feijo JA. 2017. Oscillatory signatures underlie growth regimes in Arabidopsis pollen tubes: computational methods to estimate tip location, periodicity, and synchronization in growing cells. Journal of Experimental Botany 68, 3267–3281.
Quantitative characterization of cuticular barrier properties: methods, requirements, and problems

The interface between the atmosphere and leaves and fruits is formed by the lipophilic plant cuticle, which seals the outer epidermal cell walls, thus significantly reducing water loss and uptake of dissolved solutes deposited on the cuticle surface. Different experimental and theoretical approaches for quantifying barrier properties of cutinized leaf and fruit surfaces are presented and discussed in this review. Quantitative characterization of cuticle barrier properties requires (i) the measurement of diffusion kinetics, namely the amount diffusing versus time, (ii) accurate knowledge of driving forces, namely concentration gradients, acting across the barrier, and (iii) the calculation of permeances, namely diffusion velocity. We suggest that on the basis of permeances, which are independent from experimental boundary conditions such as driving forces, the time period of measurement, and area, cuticle barrier properties of different plant organs, different plant species, and different lines, as well as barrier properties of suberized root tissue or synthetic membranes, can be directly compared. This review provides a short and easy to understand manual on what should be kept in mind when quantifying barrier properties of cutinized and suberized transport barriers. This could be helpful for scientists working on cuticle biosynthesis and its regulation.
Zaburzenia ciśnienia tętniczego i parametrów spektralnej analizy zmienności rytmu serca w odpowiedzi na pionizację u chorych na cukrzycę typu 1

Wstep : U chorych na cukrzyce stwierdza sie zaburzenia regulacji autonomicznej. Hipotonia ortostatyczna jest jednym z objawow dysfunkcji ukladu autonomicznego. Analiza zmienności rytmu serca (HRV) jest uznaną metodą wykorzystywaną w diagnostyce neuropatii sercowonaczyniowej. Celem niniejszej pracy byla ocena zachowania sie ciśnienia tetniczego i parametrow widmowej analizy HRV podczas 5-minutowej pionizacji u chorych na cukrzyce typu 1. Metody : Przebadano 48 chorych na cukrzyce typu 1 bez nadciśnienia tetniczego w wieku 18-28 lat, chorujących na cukrzyce typu 1 od 9 do 23 lat. Grupe porownawczą stanowily 32 zdrowe osoby odpowiednio dobrane do badanej grupy. U wszystkich osob wykonano 24-godzinne monitorowanie EKG metodą Holtera (SUPRIMA 12, DMS, USA) i ciśnienia tetniczego (Spacelab 90207, Datek-Ohmeda, USA). W czasie rejestracji wykonano test 5-minutowej pionizacji poprzedzonej 15-minutowym odpoczynkiem w pozycji lezącej. Podczas testu inicjowano recznie pomiary ciśnienia tetniczego w odstepach minutowych. Ponadto analizowano parametry widma HRV: calkowitą moc widma (TP), widmo bardzo niskich czestotliwości (VLF), niskich czestotliwości (LF) i wysokich czestotliwości (LF) w okresach 5-minutowych w pozycji lezącej i stojącej. Wyniki : Zgodnie z przyjetymi kryteriami rozpoznawania hipotonii ortostatycznej zarejestrowano spadek wartości ciśnienia skurczowego u 19% chorych na cukrzyce typu 1 i u 3% osob z grupy porownawczej (p = 0,001). Zmniejszenie ciśnienia rozkurczowego zanotowano u 23% chorych na cukrzyce typu 1 i u 0% osob z grupy porownawczej (p = 0,001). W warunkach spoczynkowych (pozycja leząca) u chorych na cukrzyce i pacjentow z hipotonią ortostatyczną, w porownaniu z grupą kontrolną i z chorymi na cukrzyce bez hipotonii, stwierdzono znacząco nizsze wartości TP i VLF (p = 0,001). Po pionizacji obserwowano mniejsze wartości TP, VLF, LF i HF w grupie chorych na cukrzyce z hipotonią w porownaniu z grupą kontrolną. Ponadto po przyjeciu pozycji stojącej rejestrowano obnizanie sie skladowej LF mierzonej w jednostkach znormalizowanych w grupie chorych na cukrzyce (z hipotonią lub bez niej), w przeciwienstwie do zdrowych osob, u ktorych w odpowiedzi na pionizacje nastepowal wzrost LF. Wnioski : Hipotonia ortostatyczna jest czestą patologią wystepującą u mlodych pacjentow z wieloletnią cukrzycą typu 1. Chorzy na cukrzyce z hipotonią mają bardziej zaawansowaną dysfunkcje autonomiczną niz pacjenci z cukrzycą bez hipotonii, co przejawia sie mniejszymi wartościami wszystkich skladowych widma HRV podczas pionizacji. W grupie chorych na cukrzyce wystepuje patologiczny spadek LF podczas pionizacji.
Comprehensive pediatric nephrology

This new clinical resource brings you a state-of-the-art comprehensive review on every clinical condition encountered in pediatric nephrology in one concise, clinically focused text. International experts provide you with the latest on epidemiology, diagnosis, investigations, management, and prognosis for a full range of pediatric kidney disorders. A full-color, highly visual, meticulously crafted format, makes this material remarkably easy for you to access and apply. "Comprehensive Pediatric Nephrology" also serves as an ideal resource for board review study for the ABP subspecialty boards in pediatric nephrology.
Diarrhö als Leitsymptom chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Zusammenfassung Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (CED) können Patienten aller Altersgruppen, vom Säugling bis zum Erwachsenen, betreffen. Daher ist es wesentlich, dass auch Kinder- und Jugendärzte diese Krankheitsgruppe bei der Differenzialdiagnostik von Diarrhöen berücksichtigen. Durchfall gehört zu den typischen Manifestationssymptomen bei M. Crohn und bei Colitis ulcerosa. Zusammen mit Bauchschmerzen und Gewichtsverlust liegt eine für den M. Crohn typische Trias vor; blutige Durchfälle ohne Erregernachweis sprechen für eine Colitis ulcerosa. Die Diagnose erfolgt durch eine Kombination klinischer und anamnestischer Angaben, die durch Labor- und bildgebende Befunde weiter charakterisiert wird. Im Zentrum der CED-Diagnostikstehen die Endoskopie des oberen und unteren Verdauungstraktes und die histopathologische Beurteilung der entnommenen Biopsate. Ziel ist es, möglichst frühzeitig eine spezifische Diagnose zu stellen und das Befallsmusterzu erheben, um dann durch eine optimale Therapie die Remission herbeizuführen und möglichst langzeitig zu erhalten.