Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La disección radical de cuello en el cáncer de vías aerodigestivas superiores (VADS). Indicaciones, extensión y radicalidad

Summary Radical neck dissection, described since the beginning of the past century, is currently the best surgical method to treat clinical or hidden nodal metastasis of carcinoma of upper respiratory and digestive tracts. It has three objectives: excision of metastatic nodes; adequate staging of patients without palpable nodes at time of diagnosis, and with the least possible morbidity. Different modifications to the original technique have been described with the purpose of achieving the same tumor control with the least possible morbidity; this has originated a wide variety of technique descriptions and the appearance of a vast nomenclature, originating confusion in relation to indications of each surgical variant. The objective of this article is to describe each variant of radical neck dissection and currently accepted indications based on literature. To synthesize, two pieces of knowledge arose during the twentieth century that changed the focus concerning neck dissection that they currently possessed: first, that a radical procedure does not necessarily imply the best oncologic treatment, and second, that extension of the procedure depends on neck characteristics at time of diagnosis. We know at present that even in patients with metastatic nodes, we can preserve nonlymphatic structures without impairing regional control and that in patients with palpable nodes we can select nodular groups with high risk for hidden metastasis and carry out selective procedures offering the least morbidity.
Comparative Study between Digital Tomosynthesis and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for the Evaluation of Common Bile Duct Stones: Focus on Detection and Stone Conspicuity

Digital tomosynthesis generates slice images using conventional X-ray and offers several advantages over conventional projection radiography. For example, tomographic imaging allows for the determination of depth and improves the conspicuity of structures by removing the visual untidiness associated with the overlying anatomy. It also provides better contrast of local structures by limiting the overall image dynamic range to that of a single slice (1-3). Earlier conventional geometric tomography found limited use of this method because of image blurring, excessive radiation dose, and a long image-acquisition time. However, digital tomosynthesis overcomes these limitations by enabling the reconstruction of the numerous slices obtained from the patient based on the low-dose acquisition of data from a single imaging session (1, 4). Tomosynthesis also allows for an arbitrary number of in-focus planes to be generated retrospectively from a sequence of projection radiographs acquired during a single motion of the X-ray tube. By adding and shifting these projection radioOriginal Article
Transplant Immunology

Since the early days of transplantation, it has been known that the immune system is themajor barrier to long-termgraft survival. Due to the unique “fingerprint” of different individuals’ cells, donor organs are detected as foreign, invasivematerial by the recipient’s immune systemand, subsequently, attackedand rejected.Thedifficulty thathas continuously faced the transplant community is the multifaceted nature of the immune response and halting the numerous pathways of immune stimulation. The ultimate goal of all transplant research is graft acceptance, also known as tolerance, without the use of long-term immunosuppressant medication. Various reviews of the different facets of transplant rejection exist. The following summary will attempt to outline the major known pathways involved inorgan recognitionandacute rejection.
On loading protocols and abutment use in implant dentistry. Clinical studies.

Metod: Femtio patienter med partiell tandloshet inkluderades. Patienterna randomiserades till en testgrupp (direkt belastning) eller en kontrollgrupp (fordrojd belastning) och varje patient erholl tre Branemark TiUniteTM implantat. Pa de tre implantaten byggdes implantatbron: direkt pa implantatniva (IL), med en maskinbearbetad, prefabricerad distans (AM) och med en distans med oxiderad titanyta (AOX, TiUniteTM). Kliniska undersokningar och intraorala rontgenbilder utfordes under en 5-arsperiod. Pa ett urval av arton patienter togs exsudat fran implantatfickan som sedan analyserades med molekylarbiologisk metodik.
Immunopathogenesis of Onchocerca volvulus keratitis (river blindness): a novel role for TLR4 and endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria

Onchocerca volvulus, a parasite transmitted by the Simulium blackfly in areas of Africa, Latin America and Yemen, causes onchocerciasis, or river blindness. With over 17 million people infected world-wide and at least 270,000 experiencing vision loss, the human cost of this disease is severe. In O. volvulus infected individuals, adult worms are present in subcutaneous nodules and release millions of larvae (microfilariae) over the 12–15 years that they survive in the host. Microfilariae migrate through the skin and can enter the posterior and anterior regions of the eye. While alive, the larvae appear to cause no disease; however, when they die, especially after chemotherapy, the host response to degenerating worms can result in severe inflammatory responses that result in skin changes, hydrocele formation, progressive loss of vision. Until recently, the general understanding was that filarial products per se are the major stimulus for the inflammatory responses associated with this disease. The discovery and characterization of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria in the filarial nematode have led to major changes in the accepted paradigms. Wolbachia are matrilineally inherited, obligatory intracellular rickettsial bacteria that infect many species of invertebrates and are present in most filarial parasites of importance to human health (Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Wuchereria bancrofti which cause lymphatic filariasia; O. volvulus). Two filarial parasite species, Acanthocheilonema viteae (which infects rodents) and Onchocerca flexuosa (which infects deer) do not naturally contain Wolbachia. The absence of Wolbachia from Loa loa, which causes human loiasis, has recently been described. Classification of Wolbachia strains is ongoing, based on recently emerging genomic information. Currently, Wolbachia can be grouped into at least six major clades, based on phylogenetic characterization. Wolbachia of filarial nematodes are distinct from the clades that infect arthropods. Within the filarial nematodes, Wolbachia are concentrated in intracytoplasmic vacuoles within the hypodermal lateral cords of male and female worms, in female reproductive organs, and are also detectable in oocytes and in microfilariae (Fig. 1). Wolbachia of Wuchereria have been characterized by electron microscopy as round, with a diameter of approximately
Chikungunya Disease: A Review

Chikungunya virus is an insect-borne virus, of the genus Alphavirus, that is transmitted to humans by virus-carrying Aedes mosquitoes. The virus causes an illness with symptoms similar to dengue fever with an acute febrile phase of the illness which lasts only two to five days. Infection can affect the nervous system or the musculo-skeletal system. General symptoms include fever, headache, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, myalgia, photophobia and lymphadenopathy. Virus isolation provides the most definitive diagnosis. The most effective means of prevention are protection against contact with the disease-carrying mosquitoes and mosquito control. NSAIDs, chloroquine and DNA vaccine are the effective medicines.
A New Promising Technique of 3D Isovoxel Imaging Using 3T MRI in the Wrist: Comparison with 3T MR Arthrography

known to be superior to conventional MR imaging for the evaluation of intrinsic ligament tears or triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears (1-6). However, many of the studies that showed a better diagnostic performance of MRA than that of conventional MR imaging used a three-compartment injection method and they performed multiple MR sequences, and the total exam time was over 20 minutes (4, 5). When no communicational defects are visible after a single-compartment injection at the radiocarpal joint, some authors have said that at least injection into the distal radioulnar joint should be added to the diagnostic process (7). To the best of our knowledge, although many current studies have reported on 3D isovoxel MR imaging (ISO-MR) of the shoulder, knee and ankle, there has been no report J Korean Soc Radiol 2011;64:185-190
Acute Pain Management

Acute pain management is improving steadily over the past few years, but training and professional education are still lacking in many professions. Untreated or undertreated acute pain could have detrimental effects on the patient in terms of comfort and recovery from trauma or surgery. Acute undertreated pain can decrease a patient's vascular perfusion, increase oxygen demand, suppress the immune system, and possibly risk increased incidence of venous thrombosis. Although acute postoperative pain needs to be managed aggressively, patients are most vulnerable during this period for developing adverse effects, and therefore, patient assessment and careful drug therapy evaluation are necessary processes in therapeutic planning. Acute pain management requires careful and thorough initial assessment and follow-up reassessment in addition to frequent dosage adjustments, and managing analgesic induced side effects. Analgesic selection and dosing must be based on the patient's past and recent analgesic exposure. There is no single acute pain management regimen that is suitable for all patients. Analgesics must be tailored to the individual patient.
Experiences of Social Class: Learning from Occupational Therapy Students

Background and Purpose. Despite the potential in occupational therapy models, there has been little investigation of the ways social class may affect occupations or occupational therapy. This paper explores the occupational impacts of poverty. Methods. Essays by 17 occupational therapy students, who identify as lower class, were coded and analyzed inductively. Results. Class-based shame and stigma led to attempts to “pass” as middle class-an occupation consuming time and energy. Exclusion from middle-class leisure occupations left students with gaps in their adult knowledge. Family was a site of both shame and safety, as well as pressure to succeed. Educational occupations embody marginalization. Practice Implications. Class is not only about money, but also having the right norms, values, and experiences to fit easily in middle-class society. Educational and health care institutions epitomize middle-class assumptions. The experiences of these students may help therapists to examine where they unwittingly enact middle-class norms in practice.
METHODS FOR ISOLATION OF BONE MARROW STEM CELLS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

During the past decade, regenerative medicine has emerged as a key technology in the next generation of medical care, and cell therapy and organ repair using stem cells have become very attractive options for regenerative medicine. The application of stem cells in regenerative medicine has required modified methods for isolation. Furthermore, the process of cell separation plays an important role in cell therapy and regenerative medicine using stem cells. So, in this review, we compare different methods for the separation of cells from bone marrow for transplantation to humans, with emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Intensification thérapeutique dans les cancers colorectaux par des études pharmacogénétiques et pharmacogénomiques

Le cancer colorectal represente un defi therapeutique compte tenu de sa frequence (38 000 nouveaux cas annuels dans notre pays), et de sa gravite (moins de 10 % de survie a 5 ans en situation metastatique). Sa prise en charge adequate est avant tout multidisciplinaire associant les nouvelles techniques de chirurgie et de radiologie a la chimiotherapie. Celle-ci est representee par trois cytotoxiques majeurs : le 5-Fluorouracile, pierre angulaire du traitement, l'oxaliplatine (L-OHP) et enfin l'irinotecan (CPT-11), auxquels se sont ajoutees ces dernieres annees les biotherapies ciblant le facteur angiogenique VEGF (bevacizumab) ou le recepteur epithelial de surface EGFR (cetuximab, panitumumab). Notre travail de These d'Universite a cherche a explorer, chez des patients atteints d'un cancer colorectal metastatique, le retentissement sur les taux de reponses, les survies et les toxicites, de genotypes enzymatiques impliques dans les metabolismes des trois cytotoxiques principalement utilises dans cette indication. Nos etudes translationnelles montrent l'optimisation des traitements a base de 5-FU par l'approche pharmacocinetique associee au depistage pretherapeutique d'une population a haut risque de toxicite (DPYD mutes et/ou rapport UH2/U abaisse). Par ailleurs apparaissent de mauvais pronostic sur la survie globale et en cas de monochimiotherapie par 5-FU, les patients 3R/3R pour TYMS et homozygote sauvage pour MTHFR 1298 A>C ou 677 C>T, facteurs de risques genotypiques disparaissant avec l'adjonction de CPT-11. Concernant ce dernier, un schema de traitement adapte au statut UGT 1A1, et combine au cetuximab, aboutit a des taux de maladie controlee et de survie sans progression inegales en deuxieme ligne de traitement. Enfin, les patients homozygotes T/T pour ERCC1 118 C>T et C/C XPD 751 A>C apparaissent a risque de neurotoxicite chroniques a l'oxaliplatine. Considerant le genome tumoral, outre Kras et Braf, PI3KCA mute apparait pour la premiere fois comme un facteur possible de resistance aux traitements anti-EGFR. En conclusion, la prise en compte des facteurs pharmacogenetiques et pharmacogenomiques devrait permettre a l'avenir une meilleure rationalisation des traitements de chimiotherapies en optimisant leurs efficacites tout en limitant leurs toxicites.
Incidencia de las alteraciones microcirculatorias en pacientes con sepsis severa que ingresan a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General “Ignacio Zaragoza”

The study aims to identify the microcirculatory disturbances in patients with severe sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Regional General “Ignacio Zaragoza” ISSSTE, are assessed to patients admitted to hospital on April 1st 2007 to April 30th 2008, between 18 and 70 years, excluding patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with the support of norepinephrine or dopamine dose alpha and cardiac arrest. Observational, prospective, descriptive, open and longitudinal. 35 patients, 18 men and 17 women, average 57.8 years, 72.62 kg, and 1.65 m. Will calculate the oxygen consumption of blood, hair and venous, arteriovenous oxygen difference, rate of oxygen extraction, transport of oxygen and oxygen consumption in the first 24 hours of diagnosis. They were altered with statistical significance p < 0.05, excluding the Index of oxygen extraction, transportation and consumption of oxygen. The results correspond to the literature, in which the changes are reflected in the microcirculation before 24 hours with significant changes, characterized by an increase in cardiac output as a compensating, impaired the extraction of oxygen, decreased oxygen consumption decrease in the difference arteriovenous oxygen.
Literature Review

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and evidencebased quality indicators have been developed to guide the treatment of single disease states but often disregard the total clinical picture of the patient, most notably comorbid chronic conditions. Physician practice habits have largely been unchanged in the face of CPGs. However, with early pay-for-performance demonstration programs, including that of Medicare, gaining momentum and the palpable sense that the spread of payment systems based on adherence to quality indicators is inevitable, physicians will be faced with a difficult choice, that is,whether to adhere to the guideline to earn the performance-linked payment or deviate from the guideline, based on sound clinical judgment, and incur a financial penalty. Boyd and colleagues systematically reviewed CPGs in 9 common chronic disease states typically managed in the primary care setting. These guidelines were then assessed as to whether they addressed older patients with multiple comorbidities, goals of treatment, interactions between recommendations, burden to patients and caregivers, patient preferences, life expectancy, and quality of life. Four of 9 CPGs were found to address comorbid conditions specifically in older adults. In short, most CPGs did not comment on the criteria mentioned above. The authors provide 2 tables that offer clear detail regarding these criteria for each specific guideline. For example, the CPG for hypertension addressed treatment of the elderly but did not discuss treatment of patients with multiple comorbidities. The CPG does, however, make recommendations for patients with a variety of single comorbid conditions. A hypothetical 79-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, and osteoarthritis would be prescribed 12 different medications,each with its own dosing regimen, and a complex nonpharmacological regimen. The authors conclude that payment based on adherence to CPGs will create the wrong incentives for providers and potentially have undesirable effects on patient care. In a subsequent piece in the New England Journal of Medicine, a discussion of the recent trends in Medicare payments to physicians notes the recent declines in physician reimbursement increases and projects significant reimbursement decreases through 2012. These decreases are based on the current sustainable growth rate (SGR) formula,which is the physician fee schedule determined by projections of the required resources used. At the time of publication, legislation was to be proposed in the September 2005 session of Congress that would institute payment programs based on the quality of care physicians provide. These pay-for-performance programs are part of a bill aimed at eliminating the 4.3% payment reduction scheduled for January 1, 2006. Three Republican congressmen are in strong support of linking a small portion, between 1.5% and 3%, of physician payments to their adherence to validated
New Evidence on the Risk of Requiring Long-Term Care

Long-term care is one of the major expenses faced by many older Americans. Yet, we have only limited information about the risk of needing long-term care and the expected duration of care. The expectations of needing to receive home health care, live in an assisted living facility or live in a nursing home are essential inputs into models of optimal post-retirement saving and long-term care insurance purchase. Previous research has used the Robinson (1996) transition matrix, based on National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS) data for 1982-89. The Robinson model predicts that men and women aged 65 have a 27 and 44 percent chance, respectively, of ever needing nursing home care. Recent evidence suggests that those earlier estimates may be extremely misleading in important dimensions. Using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data from 1992-2010, Hurd, Michaud, and Rohwedder (2013) estimate that men and women aged 50 have a 50 and 65 percent chance, respectively, of ever needing care. But, they also estimate shorter average durations of care, resulting, as we show, from a greater chance of returning to the community, conditional on admission. If nursing home care is a high-probability but relatively low-cost occurrence, models that treat it as a lower-probability, high-cost occurrence may overstate the value of insurance. We update and modify the Robinson model using more recent data from both the NLTCS and the HRS. We show that the low lifetime utilization rates and high conditional mean durations of stay in the Robinson model are artifacts of specific features of the statistical model that was fitted to the data. We also show that impairment and most use of care by age has declined and that the 2004 NLTCS and the 1996-2010 HRS yield similar cross-sectional patterns of care use. We revise and update the care transition model, and we show that use of the new transition matrix substantially reduces simulated values of willingness-to-pay in an optimal long-term care insurance model.
Health Care Spending, Delivery, and Outcome in Developed Countries: A Cross-National Comparison

This study examines the trend of health care spending, availability and use of medical services, and aggregate health outcome of the 24 industrialized member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Major differences between the United States and other OECD countries are highlighted and discussed. The results of the study demonstrate that, over the past four decades, the United States has been spending more and accomplishing less when compared with other industrialized nations. The United States needs to learn from the successful experience of other nations. Redesigning the system of health care delivery in the United States may be the only viable option to improve the quality of health care.
Impact of neglected diseases on animal productivity and public health in Africa

Animal diseases have important impacts on animal productivity and welfare and on human health and wellbeing. From a ‘One Health’ or ecohealth perspective, disease impacts on human health, animal health and ecosystem health are considered holistically. Animal diseases impose direct costs on the livestock sector, as a result of animal deaths, reduced productivity and the cost of disease control. The impacts of zoonotic and foodborne diseases are felt in terms of human illness and associated costs. Many diseases also have impacts in terms of indirect costs, both upstream (feed) and downstream (e.g. retailing links). Emerging diseases tend to have high impacts on other sectors, such as travel and tourism. It is often difficult to quantify the costs of wildlife diseases, but the impacts are potentially high.
SWITCHING BETWEEN PRIMARY IMAGE-BASED VISUAL SERVOING TASKS — A FIRST DISCUSSION WITH EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

This paper deals with the transition between different primary visual servoing tasks, which may induce undesired behavior if the switch is not smooth. Indeed, possible transition functions to switch from a first primary task to a second one are given. In addition, an intermediate stopping-phase strategy with a proper parameterization in the image plane is also demonstrated. Experimental results for a switching between a hallway following task and a positioning task are shown to validate the approach.
Developing a model for pre-university training of a lyceum for the gifted children of the Kemerovo region within the framework of the region’s sustainable development

The article presents the rationale for creating a model of the pre-university lyceum training at the University of Kuzbass focusing on key sectors of the regional economy of the Kemerovo region in order to prevent the outflow of talented and gifted young people, which is necessary for modernizing the economy and social sphere of the region and its further innovative development. The presented project will contribute to the formation of a creative educational environment in the lyceum at the base university. As a result this will provide significant educational positions in the Kemerovo region, focused on the development of human capital.