Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effective encapsulation of laccase in an aluminium silicate nanotube hydrogel

Aluminium silicate nanotubes (ASNT), with a length to width ratio of four, were synthesized from aluminium chloride and sodium silicate, and the ASNT hydrogel was easily prepared by adjusting the pH to 7. The hydrogel nanotube concentration was 1.5 wt%. Laccase, a type of oxidase, was encapsulated during ASNT hydrogel formation. This encapsulation method will have fewer negative effects on the relatively unstable enzyme because of the milder conditions used, which are different from sol–gel silica formation by acidic catalysis using strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. The obtained hydrogels were fully characterized by various methods such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ASNT-hydrogel encapsulated enzyme worked well; notably, laccase–ASNT hydrogels prepared from the shortest nanotubes exhibited a higher activity than the free laccase in solution because of an improvement in the substrate affinity of the encapsulated enzyme. Tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the highly ordered structure of laccase was not altered once bound to the nanotubes within the hydrogel. Notably, after nine repeated reactions, laccase encapsulated in the ASNT hydrogel retained its activity. The cycle performance of the encapsulated enzyme indicates that no enzyme was released from the ASNT hydrogel. In addition, the laccase–ASNT hydrogel was easily used to prepare transparent thin films on glass cover slips, while still maintaining the enzyme activity. Another oxidase, myoglobin, was also encapsulated in the same type of ASNT hydrogel. Although free myoglobin in solution demonstrated oxidation activity, the activity of the bound protein was remarkably decreased due to changes in its tertiary structure when inside the ASNT hydrogel.
Gene expression LS Bound based gene selection for DNA microarray data

Motivation: One problem with discriminant analysis of DNA microarray data is that each sample is represented by quite a large number of genes, and many of them are irrelevant, insignificant or redundant to the discriminant problem at hand. Methods for selecting important genes are, therefore, of much significance in microarray data analysis. In the present study, a new criterion, called LS Bound measure, is proposed to address the gene selection problem. The LS Bound measure is derived from leave-one-out procedure of LS-SVMs (least squares support vector machines), and as the upper bound for leave-oneout classification results it reflects to some extent the generalization performance of gene subsets. Results: We applied this LS Bound measure for gene selection on two benchmark microarray datasets: colon cancer and leukemia. We also compared the LS Bound measure with other evaluation criteria, including the well-known Fisher’s ratio and Mahalanobis class separability measure, and other published gene selection algorithms, including Weighting factor and SVM Recursive Feature Elimination. The strength of the LS Bound measure is that it provides gene subsets leading to more accurate classification results than the filter method while its computational complexity is at the level of the filter method. Availability: A companion website can be accessed at http://www.ntu. edu.sg/home5/pg02776030/lsbound/. The website contains: (1) the source code of the gene selection algorithm; (2) the complete set of tables and figures regarding the experimental study; (3) proof of the
Predicting Retirement Savings Using Survey Measures of Exponential‐Growth Bias and Present Bias

In a nationally-representative sample, we predict retirement savings using survey-based elicitations of exponential-growth bias (EGB) and present bias (PB). We find that EGB, the tendency to neglect compounding, and PB, the tendency to value the present over the future, are highly significant and economically meaningful predictors of retirement savings. These relationships hold controlling for cognitive ability, financial literacy, and a rich set of demographic controls. We address measurement error as a potential confound and explore mechanisms through which these biases may operate. Back of the envelope calculations suggest that eliminating EGB and PB would increase retirement savings by approximately 12 percent.
African portfolio entrepreneurship and the creation of jobs

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on large-scale portfolio entrepreneurship and its impact on the creation of stable wage employment in African economies. Design/methodology/approach The three studies focussed on Egypt, Uganda, and Malawi were all exploratory, inductive, and qualitative studies, which involved semi-structured interviews with 65 entrepreneurial founders of some of these countries’ most prominent business portfolios between 2009 and 2012. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, which lasted between one and four hours, with the founders of each of these portfolios. Findings This inductive and qualitative study finds a connection between the creation of stable wage-paying jobs and portfolio entrepreneurship in three countries, representing three of the four different archetypal African economies. It also finds a strong connection between the development of new industries and portfolio entrepreneurship. Practical implications The practical and societal implications of these findings are incredibly important. The current and looming shortage of stable wage employment in Africa is reaching calamitous proportions. The growth in religion-affiliated terrorism and high-risk economic migration to Europe can be directly related to the lack of employment opportunities in African nations. The findings indicate that portfolio entrepreneurs are major players in the creation of such employment opportunities and government policies focussing on this area, as compared to focussing solely on SMEs, may be more effective in mitigating some of the drivers for emigration and terrorism. Originality/value This is the only study of its kind that investigates the role of large-scale portfolio entrepreneurship in the growth of employment opportunities in Africa.
Image Search based on Words Extracted from Others’ Utterances for Effective Idea Generation

People often engage in brainstorming because they want to develop attractive products that involve a new idea. Consequently, many studies, methods, and systems that aim to help people generate ideas have been proposed. We developed the search websites images using search suggestions (SWISS) system, which displays images based on a word extracted from brainstorming participants’ utterances and adds additional words using an autosuggest function to stimulate idea generation. We aimed to determine whether the images searched based on the other participants’ utterances or those of other participants were more effective for idea generation. Sixteen university students participated in a brainstorming session using SWISS in two conditions. In Condition A, the participants could see the images searched based on the other participants’ utterances. These were projected onto a wide display behind each participant during the brainstorming session. In Condition B, the participants could see the images searched based on their utterances, which were displayed on a smartphone. The results indicate that the rate at which the images were related to the ideas in Condition A was higher than in Condition B. SWISS could spread the participants’ ideas through the images using an autosuggest function and extract words from the other participants’ utterances.
“Why have I not been told about this?”: a survey of experiences of and attitudes to advance decision-making amongst people with bipolar

Background: The idea that people with severe mental illness should be able to plan in advance for periods of illness as a means of enhancing autonomy has been long debated and is increasingly being enshrined in codes of practice and mental health legislation. It has been argued that the ethical imperative for this is especially pronounced in bipolar (BP), a condition in which sufferers often experience episodic crises interspersed with periods of wellness. However, there is a paucity of published research investigating experiences of advance decision making (ADM) in people with BP or their attitudes towards it. Methods: An online survey of BPUK’s mailing list was conducted. 932 people with BP completed the survey (response rate 5.61%). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were conducted to compare experience of with attitudes towards ADM and variables associated with interest in ADM. Results: A majority indicated a desire to plan care in advance of losing capacity (88%) but most had not done so (64%). High numbers of respondents expressed a wish to request as well as refuse treatment and most wanted to collaborate with psychiatrists, including on issues around self-binding. The most frequent motivation to utilise ADM was a desire to be more involved in mental health decisions. Interest in self-binding was associated with experience of compulsory treatment and trust in mental health services. Interest in refusals of all medication was associated with younger age and lack of trust in mental health services. Interest in ADM in general was associated with younger age but not educational level, ethnicity or gender. Conclusions: This study demonstrates an appetite for ADM amongst people with bipolar that is independent of educational status and ethnicity. As states reform their mental health laws, attention needs to be given to the distinctive attitudes toward ADM amongst people with bipolar.
Insider Data Breaches and Trust Violation: The Role of Privacy Concern, Age and Gender

According to a recent study, insider data breaches cost companies on average $4.3m per year. Such data breaches also lower customer trust which again has a long term negative impact on a company’s financials. Yet there is limited research pertaining to the understanding of the contextual factors surrounding the “drop” in the trust in case of an insider data breach. In this research we perform a comparative examination of the effects of age and gender on initial trust in a website, and the degree of the trust “drop” following an insider data breach. The study uses the lens of social role theory, socioemotional selectivity theory (SST), and insideness theory (IT) to examine the role of four demographics (younger and older females, and younger and older males) on PC (privacy concern) dimensions, and the trust-dropped. The findings provide valuable contribution towards understanding the role of gender and demographics associated with PC and trust violation.
Quantifying the Influences of PM2.5 and Relative Humidity on Change of Atmospheric Visibility over Recent Winters in an Urban Area of East China

Fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and relative humidity (RH) in the ambient atmosphere are the leading anthropogenic and natural factors changing atmospheric horizontal visibility. Based on the analysis of environmental and meteorological data observed over 2013–2019 in Nanjing, an urban area in East China, this study investigated the influences of PM2.5 and RH on atmospheric visibility changes over recent years. The visibility had significantly negative correlations with the PM2.5 concentrations and RH changes. The nonlinear relationships existed between PM2.5 concentrations and visibility, as well as between RH and visibility, with the inflection points in the atmospheric visibility changes. The PM2.5 inflection concentrations were 81.0 μg m−3, 76.0 μg m−3, 49.0 μg m−3, and 33.0 μg m−3, respectively, for the RH ranges of RH < 60%, 60% ≤ RH < 80%, 80% ≤ RH < 90%, and RH ≥ 90%, indicating that the improvement of visibility with reducing PM2.5 concentrations could be more difficult under the humid meteorological condition. The visibility changes were most sensitive to PM2.5 concentrations in the RH range of 60–80% in this urban area of East China. The relative contributions of natural factor RH and anthropogenic factor PM2.5 to variations of wintertime atmospheric visibility were quantified with 54.3% and 45.7%, respectively, revealing an important role of natural factor RH in the change of atmospheric visibility in the urban area of East Asian monsoon region.
Distinguishing Meteoritic Nanodiamonds from Disordered Carbon Using Atom-Probe Tomography

Abstract Abstract We have analyzed atom probe tomography reconstructions of disaggregated meteoritic material containing nanodiamonds and disordered carbon to determine whether these phases formed in the solar system or whether they predate the solar system and were formed in supernovae or the interstellar medium. We developed a method to distinguish between these two carbonaceous phases in < 100 nm diameter aggregates using the ratios of various native and contaminant molecular species. We find variations in measured 12C/13C ratios between the two phases that suggest hydrides form more readily during field evaporation of the disordered C than the nanodiamonds.
Learning in foreign and domestic value chains: the role of opportunities and capabilities

We suggest that the benefits of learning in international value chains for firms’ innovation performance are heterogeneous and depend on the specific source of learning (customers, suppliers, or competitors), whether these sources are based in countries that are technologically advanced or less advanced (learning opportunities), on technology leadership (learning capabilities) on the part of the focal firm, and on the simultaneous learning that occurs from domestic firms. Using direct survey evidence on learning and innovation by German firms, we confirm that technology leaders benefit from advanced foreign customer and supplier learning, that technology laggards benefit from less advanced foreign customer learning and advanced foreign competitor learning, and that both leaders and laggards benefit from domestic customer learning. The findings suggest a tradeoff between the opportunities to learn from foreign or domestic customers.
Magnetism in MoS2 induced by proton irradiation

Molybdenum disulphide, a diamagnetic layered dichalcogenide solid, is found to show magnetic ordering at room temperature when exposed to a 2 MeV proton beam. The temperature dependence of magnetization displays ferrimagnetic behavior with a Curie temperature of 895 K. A disorder mode corresponding to a zone-edge phonon and a Mo valence higher than +4 has been detected in the irradiated samples using Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The possible origins of long-range magnetic ordering in irradiated MoS2 samples are discussed.
Synthesis of a 5-Carboxy Indole-Based Spiropyran Fluorophore: Thermal, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Bovine Serum Albumin Interaction Investigations

In this study, we synthesized a spiropyran containing an electron-withdrawing carboxyl group in good yield by condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with enamine indole. The spiropyran absorbed at the ultraviolet region with a maximum at approximately 300 nm, demonstrating slight solvatochromism (~3 nm). A fluorescent emission around 360 nm was observed with a higher solvatochromic effect (~12 nm), indicating higher electronic delocalization in the excited state. The photoreversibility of the open and closed forms of spiropyran excited at 300 nm and 365 nm was not observed, indicating that the absence of the nitro group plays a fundamental role in this equilibrium. Theoretical calculations were also applied for better understanding the photophysics of these compounds. Electrochemical characterization revealed the values of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels at −1.89 eV (electron affinity) and −5.61 eV (ionization potential), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed excellent thermal stability of the spiropyran, with 5% weight loss at approximately 250 °C. Finally, the photophysical features were used to explore the interaction of spiropyran with bovine serum albumin in a phosphate buffer solution, where a significant suppression mechanism was observed.
The globalisation of agriculture: introducing the Handbook

This Handbook provides insights to the ways in which globalisation is affecting the whole agri-food system from farms to the consumer. It covers themes including the physical basis of agriculture, the influence of trade policies, the nature of globalised agriculture, and resistance to globalisation in the form of attempts to foster greater sustainability and multifunctional agricultural systems. Drawing upon studies from around the world, the Handbook will appeal to a broad and varied readership, across academics, students, and policy-makers interested in economics, trade, geography, sociology and political science.
Mathematical Model of an Interior PMSM With Aligned Magnet and Reluctance Torques

Mathematical modeling of a machine allows a better understanding, and it gives insight on the effect of each variable on the machine dynamics. This article develops the mathematical model of a novel shifted interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) with aligned magnet and reluctance torques. It is a new class of IPMSM where the flux barrier is modified in such a way that the relative positions of the magnet and reluctance axes shift from their regular positions. The angle of shift between the axes is designed such that the magnet and reluctance torques in the machine have their maximum values at the same torque angle. In order to validate the developed mathematical model, a prototype motor is built. This article also presents experimental tests to obtain the parameters of the prototype machine in the developed model, and the model is verified by comparing the torque–angle and torque–speed characteristics obtained using the model with the experimental results obtained on the prototype machine.
E-WOM and airline e-ticket purchasing intention: Mediating effect of online passenger trust

Article history: Received: January 20, 2020 Received in revised format: March 25 2020 Accepted: April 26, 2020 Available online: April 28, 2020 The continues growth of online network is visible and obvious which extend the impact of electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on different online platforms that has dramatically increased. Subsequently consumer buying decision will be affected as well. Online trust is a significant factor here due to its role in influencing airline e-ticket purchasing intention. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of online trust on mediating the relationship between e-WOM and airline eticket purchasing intention. The online research questionnaire survey technique was used in this research to examine the dimensions on E-WOM, online trust, and purchasing intention on airline e-ticket purchasing intention towards 311 respondents. Purposive sampling techniques was used in this research and structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The study results confirm that E-WOM has an impact on online trust and airline e-ticket purchasing intention. The findings of this research provide valuable information to future researchers and airline companies’ marketers and managers who employ on booking system, also it is useful for individuals to pay more attention on the credibility of E-WOM and whether or not they should trust the source. © 2020 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Walking through doorways causes forgetting: environmental effects

ABSTRACT Previous work has shown a decline in memory for objects carried through a doorway versus across a room. The aim of the current study is to extend this work to understand how variations in perceptual experience during these event shifts influence this finding. First a change in procedure to reduce memory load to a single item was assessed. Next we explored whether performance is influenced by spatial distance versus spatial categories, the ability to perceptually preview the next location, and changes in the colour and texture of the walls. The location updating effect was consistently observed for all manipulations, suggesting that such event transformations have a robust influence on human memory. This suggests that event cognition is driven more by the use of perceptual information to infer or impose a categorical shift from one event to another rather than by the nature of perceptual information available at the time.
The genetics and cytology of certain cereals

1) The original fatuoids used in this work were supplied by Dr. C. L. HUSKINS, who had already studied them.2) Heterozygous fatuoids from three strains, H58, H20 and H93 segregated in the following generation normals, hetero- and homozygous fatuoids in a 1:2:1 ratio. The genetic results confirmed practically HUSKINS' observations.3) Many segregates from each phenotype were cytologically studied. In all of them except 4, normal 21 bivalents were generally counted at the heterotypic metaphase in PMC. On the other hand, uni- tri- and tetravalent chromosomes were observed in a few PMC from some of these plants. The statistical counts of their occurrence are shown in Tables 2-4. From these results we can see that meiotic abnormalities occur independently of the phenotypic character of the grain, and appear to be not directly transmitted from generation to generation. The chromosome irregularities may be caused mainly by the lack of cytological equilibrium and by the polyploidy in Avena.4) There were found to be 5 segregates with 41 chromosomes that arose in each of the phenotypes. They were probably produced through meiotic irregularities in the parent plants.5) From them 2 heterozygous fatuoids, H58-12 and H20-35, segregated dwarf homozygous fatuoids, heterozygotes and normals in a ratio of ca. 1:1.5:0.1. The progenies from H58-12 were extensively studied. The dwarf homozygous fatuoids had 40 somatic chromosomes, but the formation of bivalents was much reduced, 0-10II, being counted so far observed. Therefore they were completely sterile. A few of low fertile homozygous fatuoids were found. Their chromosome combination might be 20II+fc1I Heterozygous fatuoids had 20II+1I. Their fertility varied widely, probably owing to the external conditions (Tables 7 and 8). Normal segregates appeared to be quite normal in the cytological and morphological features as well as in fertility. The abnormal segregation ratio is discussed with special reference to the cytological behavior.6) The 3 other plants with 41 chromosomes lacked different chromosomes, which do not bear factors for the fatuoid and cultivated type of the grain characters.7) Three main hypotheses on the origin of fatuoids are discussed from the genetic and cytological points of view.8) Basing on the genetic and cytological behavior fatuoids are classified into two main groups. The first series contains fatuoids produced by the mutation of a gene complex in the c-chromosome. The common fatuoid belongs to this class. Fatuoids of the second series arose through chromosome aberrations. Owing to the deficiency of a whole chromosome the meiotic and genetic features are very abnormal.