Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of iron enrichment on the chemistry and physical properties of deep lower mantle silicates

Variations in seismic wave speed and density in the Earth’s deep lower mantle have been linked to chemical heterogeneities. In order to identify the compositions of these regions and determine their roles in Earth history and dynamics, experimental measurements are needed of the effects of compositional variation, particularly major elements Fe and Al, on phase equilibria and physical properties of mantle minerals. The experiments that comprise this dissertation provide new constraints on the chemistry and compressibility of mantle silicates. Experiments were conducted at mantle pressure-temperature conditions using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. Determination of pressure in the diamond anvil cell requires internal pressure calibrants which suffer from uncertainty as high as 10% at Mbar pressures. A series of experiments were performed to test the reliability and agreement of pressure scales for Au, Mo, MgO, NaCl B2, Ne and Pt. These data were used to determine a new comprehensive pressure scale for use in experiments on mantle materials. The lower mantle’s dominant phase is (Mg,Fe,Al)(Fe,Al,Si)O3 perovskite. At pressure-temperature conditions comparable to the deep lower mantle, perovskite undergoes a transition to a postperovskite phase. I synthesized perovskites and post-perovskites from a series of Fe-rich (enstatite– ferrosilite, (Mg1−x,Fex)SiO3, 0 < x < 74) and Fe,Al-rich (pyrope–almandine, (Mg1−x,Fex)3Al2Si3O12, 0 < x < 100) compositions. These experiments have shown that as much as 75% FeSiO3 is soluble in perovskite at 70–80 GPa. Fe was observed to lower and broaden the pressure range of the post-perovskite transition. Volume data were collected over a range of pressures for all compositions to constrain the effects of Fe and Al on the equations of state of these phases. Fe and Al incorporation were observed to increase the unit cell volume of perovskite but have a weak effect on its compressibility. The electronic behavior of Fe in perovskite is complex due to multiple possible valence and spin states. Synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to determine the electronic states of Fe in almandine-composition perovskite and glass at pressures up to 180 GPa. Unlike some previous studies, no evidence was observed for disproportionation of Fe to Fe and Fe metal. However, multiple structural sites and/or spin states were observed. Based on equation of state measurements of Fe and Fe,Al-rich perovskite and post-perovskite, I modeled the effects of composition on observable properties including density and seismic velocity. Experimental observations and density functional theory calculations for seismic properties of the perovskite phase as a function of Fe content are highly consistent. However, the properties of the
Housing Policy for the poor in Malaysia and Indonesia

Housing is principal thing to ensure the basic need of society. The issue of low cost housing has been the focus of much attention from every country in the world. Since Malaysia and Indonesia recognized as developing country which also emphasize on programme of housing for the poor, therefore the study on how these two countries applied this concept need to be discovered. Comparison on policy and housing scheme will be applied in order to find out low cost housing programme carried out for both countries. This paper seeks to uncover the issue of low cost housing within Malaysia and Indonesia. Accordingly, the paper attempts to focus on the implementation of housing programme for the poor in both countries. It will contribute to the development of housing programme for developing country and in turn to benefit to the society.
Description of morphological evolution of lung tumors treated by percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: long term follow-up of 100 lesions with chest CT

Abstract Purpose Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for pulmonary tumors. Patterns on chest computed tomography (CT) after RFA are classified into five types; however, the follow-up has not been fully described. The objectives of this study were to describe (1) the CT pattern 3 years after RFA and (2) its evolution over 7 years. Materials and methods Lesions treated with RFA between 2009 and 2017 and with ≥3 years of follow-up CT data were included. Lesions with local recurrences were excluded from the study. The morphology of the ablation zone was classified as nodular, fibrotic, atelectatic, cavitary, and disappeared. Other initial anatomical parameters were recorded. Kruskal–Wallis or Chi-square tests were used to compare the groups. Results One hundred lung RFA scars were included, and a retrospective longitudinal study was performed. Three years after RFA, nodular, fibrotic, atelectatic, and cavitary scars, and disappearance were observed in 49%, 36%, 5%, 3%, and 6% of the scars, respectively. Evolution over 7 years showed that the fibrosis, atelectasis, and disappearance remained stable over time, whereas 28% of nodular scars evolved into fibrotic scars. Additionally, 45% of cavitary scars evolved into nodular scars. Pleural contact was associated with disappearance, and the use of a 20-mm needle was associated with atelectasis. Conclusion Follow-up after RFA showed that fibrosis, disappearance, and atelectasis remained stable over time. Nodular scars could evolve into fibrotic scars, and cavitary scars could evolve into nodular scars.
Research progress on the response of tea catechins to drought stress.

Drought stress (DS) is the most important abiotic stress affecting yield and quality of tea worldwide. DS causes oxidative stress to cells due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As non-enzymatic antioxidants, tea catechins can scavenge excess ROS in response to DS. Further, catechin accumulation contributes to the formation of oxidative polymerization products (e.g., theaflavins and thearubigins) that improve the quality of black tea. However, there are no systematic reports on the response of tea catechins to DS. Here, we reviewed the available literature on the response of tea plants to DS. Secondly, we summarized the current knowledge of ROS production in tea leaves under DS and typical antioxidant response mechanisms. Thirdly, we conducted a detailed review of the changes in catechin levels in tea under different drought conditions. We found that the total amounts of catechin and o-quinone increased under DS conditions. We propose that the possible mechanisms underlying tea catechin accumulation under DS conditions include (1) autotrophic formation of o-quinone, (2) polymerization of proanthocyanidins that directly scavenge excess ROS, and (3) formation of metal ion complexes and influence antioxidant systems that indirectly eliminate excess ROS. Finally, we discuss ways of potentially improving black tea quality using drought before picking in the summer/fall dry season. In summary, we mainly discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of tea catechins under DS and the possibility of using drought to improve black tea quality. Our review provides a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality black tea under DS conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nurses’ job satisfaction assessment by areas of care

Objective: To analyze the level of nurses’ job satisfaction according to the area of care provided in a Local Health Unit, in Portugal. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive, analytical study, with observational and cross-sectional design. The Job Satisfaction Assessment Instrument was used for data collection. Results: Sample (n = 218), predominantly female (84.6%), with a mean age of 33 years. The area of care delivery influences total job satisfaction (p < 0.05) and some of the dimensions studied (p < 0.05). Nurses from Community Care Units show greater job satisfaction, followed by nurses from Indirect Care. Critical Care nurses show lower job satisfaction, followed by those who work in outpatient’s units. Most nurses show lower satisfaction level in the aspect Management Bodies and in the dimension Quality of Care Delivery. Conclusion: The most satisfied nurses are those from the Community Care Units and the nurses with the lowest level of job satisfaction are those from Critical Care.
Association between neutrophils and renal impairment of rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective cross‐sectional study

Previous studies have shown that increased neutrophils, as a manifestation of oxidative stress, may be involved in the progression of kidney disease. To our knowledge, little is known about the relationship between neutrophils and renal impairment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, we aim to investigate whether neutrophil is associated with renal impairment in RA patients.
Outcomes of Tourniquet-Less Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Matched Cohort Analysis

Introduction: A tourniquet is routinely used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to limit perioperative blood loss and increase the visibility of the surgeon's field of view. This study aims to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes and complications associated with tourniquet use in revision TKA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 1,904 consecutive patients who underwent revision TKA. Propensity score–based matching was done to adjust for baseline differences in patient demographics and procedure details. Results: Propensity score matching resulted in a cohort of 548 revision total joint arthroplasty patients, 274 (50.0%) of whom were tourniquet patients matched to 274 (50.0%) tourniquet-less patients. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that, compared with the tourniquet-less cohort, the tourniquet cohort had significantly less intraoperative (413.7 to 353.2 mL, P < 0.01) and total perioperative (1,548.7 to 1,417.8 mL, P < 0.01) blood loss. However, no significant differences were present in total perioperative (8.4%, 6.6%, P = 0.43) transfusion rates. The tourniquet cohort had increased length of stay (3.2 to 3.7 days, P < 0.001) and 30-day readmissions (P = 0.04). Discussion: This study demonstrated that although omitting the tourniquet in revision TKA leads to markedly increased perioperative blood loss, notable differences in perioperative transfusion rates were not observed. Furthermore, revision TKA without tourniquet use was associated with reduced postoperative length of stay, 30-day readmissions, and increased range of flexion.
Elizabethkingia anophelis infection in an infant: an unusual presentation

A 7-month-old male infant presented with history of fever for 2 weeks, multiple ecchymotic patches over face, trunk and lower limbs, and one episode of seizure. The infant had shock, respiratory failure, severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia and temporoparietal haematoma on CT scan of the head. He was managed with supportive care and broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics. Two consecutive blood cultures grew Elizabethkingia anophelis, sensitive only to piperacillin–tazobactam. The infant responded to therapy and was discharged after 2 weeks of hospital stay. Repeated coagulation studies done to rule out an underlying bleeding disorder were negative. There was no clue in favour of non-accidental trauma. We report this case to highlight the unusual clinical presentation of this emerging pathogen. Mostly reported in outbreaks from surgical and post-operative intensive care units, it was worrisome to find this infant presenting with community-acquired E. anophelis infection.
Nationwide Analysis of the Distribution of Level 1 and Level 2 Trauma Centers Per Population Growth and Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries/Fatalities Utilizing Geographic Information Systems Mapping Technology

Background: Trauma centers (TCs) improve patient outcomes. Few investigations detail the US geographical distribution of Level 1 and 2 TCs (L1TCs, L2TCs) regarding motor vehicle collision (MVC) injuries/fatalities. Objective: We utilized Geographic Information Systems mapping to investigate the distribution of L1TCs and L2TCs in relation to population growth, MVC injuries, and MVC fatalities at the county and regional level to identify any disparities in access to trauma care. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of L1TC and L2TC distribution, MVC injuries/fatalities, and population growth from 2010 to 2018. Information was gathered at the county and region level for young adults (aged 15–44), middle-aged adults (45–64), and elderly (≥65). Results: A total of 263 L1TCs across 46 states and 156 counties and 357 L2TCs across 44 states and 255 counties were identified. The mean distance between L1TCs and L2TCs is 28.3 miles and 31.1 miles, respectively. Seven counties were identified as being at-risk, all in the Western and Southern US regions that experienced ≥10% increase in population size, upward trends in MVC injuries, and upward trends MVC fatalities across all age groups. Conclusions: Seven US counties containing ≤2 ACSCOT-verified and/or state-designated L1TCs or L2TCs experienced a 10% increase in population, MVC injuries, and MVC fatalities across young, middle-aged and elderly adults from 2010 to 2018. This study highlights chronic disparities in access to trauma care for MVC patients. Evaluation of state limitations regarding the distribution of L1TCs and L2TCs, frequent evaluation of local and regional trauma care needs, and strategic interventions to improve access to trauma care may improve patient outcomes for heavily burdened counties.
The effects of soybean isoflavones over the bone health of adult and children

The soy isoflavones are secondary metabolites known as phytoestrogens because of its structural similarity to 17b-estradiol. Genistein and Daidzein are the main soy isoflavones. Due their binding ability to estrogen receptors (ER) they are considered as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM). The dietary intake of isoflavones has been associated with decreasing menopause symptoms, prevention of cardiovascular disease and some chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Also, the isoflavones have been proposed for the treatment of certain kind of cancer and osteoporosis prevention, but there is a lot of controversy about the possible estrogenic effects in pubertal and pre-pubertal children who have been fed with soy protein-based formulas. The aim of this research is to present a systematic review of the soy isoflavone chemistry and their effects on bone health in adults and children.
Joint IARC/NCI International Cancer Seminar Series Report: Expert consensus on future directions for ovarian carcinoma research.

Recently, ovarian cancer research has evolved considerably because of the emerging recognition that rather than a single disease, ovarian carcinomas comprise several different histotypes that vary by etiologic origin, risk factors, molecular profiles, therapeutic approaches, and clinical outcome. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, as well as important clinical advances, it remains the eighth most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and the most fatal gynecologic cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) jointly convened an expert panel on ovarian carcinoma to develop consensus research priorities based on evolving scientific discoveries. Expertise ranged from etiology, prevention, early detection, pathology, model systems, molecular characterization, and treatment/clinical management. This report summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights expert consensus on future directions to continue advancing etiologic, epidemiologic, and prognostic research on ovarian carcinoma.
Boosting endoplasmic reticulum folding capacity reduces unfolded protein response activation and intracellular accumulation of human kidney anion exchanger 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Human kidney anion exchanger 1 (kAE1) facilitates simultaneous efflux of bicarbonate and absorption of chloride at the basolateral membrane of α‐intercalated cells. In these cells, kAE1 contributes to systemic acid–base balance along with the proton pump v‐H+‐ATPase and the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II. Recent electron microscopy analyses in yeast demonstrate that heterologous expression of several kAE1 variants causes a massive accumulation of the anion transporter in intracellular membrane structures. Here, we examined the origin of these kAE1 aggregations in more detail. Using various biochemical techniques and advanced light and electron microscopy, we showed that accumulation of kAE1 mainly occurs in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes which eventually leads to strong unfolded protein response (UPR) activation and severe growth defect in kAE1 expressing yeast cells. Furthermore, our data indicate that UPR activation is dose dependent and uncoupled from the bicarbonate transport activity. By using truncated kAE1 variants, we identified the C‐terminal region of kAE1 as crucial factor for the increased ER stress level. Finally, a redistribution of ER‐localized kAE1 to the cell periphery was achieved by boosting the ER folding capacity. Our findings not only demonstrate a promising strategy for preventing intracellular kAE1 accumulation and improving kAE1 plasma membrane targeting but also highlight the versatility of yeast as model to investigate kAE1‐related research questions including the analysis of structural features, protein degradation and trafficking. Furthermore, our approach might be a promising strategy for future analyses to further optimize the cell surface targeting of other disease‐related PM proteins, not only in yeast but also in mammalian cells.
Patient Outcomes in the Years After a DXA‐BMD Treatment Monitoring Test: Improved Medication Adherence in Some, But Too Little Too Late

The role of mid‐treatment monitoring dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry–bone mineral density (DXA‐BMD) for bisphosphonate‐treated patients with osteoporosis remains unsettled. A common reason for such monitoring is to encourage ongoing medication adherence. We sought to determine if a DXA‐BMD treatment monitoring test was associated with improved medication adherence and whether improved adherence after a DXA‐BMD treatment monitoring test was associated with subsequent reduction in fracture rates. Using linked administrative databases within Manitoba, Canada, we performed a retrospective cohort study of women starting and continuing antiresorptive therapy in whom a mid‐treatment DXA‐BMD monitoring test was performed. From the provincial pharmacy database, we estimated medication adherence by calculating annual medication possession ratio (MPR) and determining the change in MPR with respect to change (stable/decrease) in the DXA‐BMD monitoring test, in addition to fracture rates before and after the test. The cohort comprised 3418 women, 90.7% treated with oral bisphosphonate, with pharmacy data for the 3 years before and after the mid‐treatment DXA‐BMD. Median (interquartile range) MPR was 0.84 (0.49–0.99) in the year before DXA‐BMD and 0.84 (0.48–0.99) in the year after DXA‐BMD (p = 0.37). Among those whose DXA‐BMD declined, MPR in the prior year was 0.54 (0.04–0.92) but improved to 0.70 (0.31–0.92) in the year after DXA‐BMD (p < 0.001). Among those whose DXA‐BMD monitoring test was stable/improved, the fracture rate before the monitoring DXA‐BMD was 10.1 per 1000 person‐years and in those whose DXA‐BMD monitoring test showed a decrease, the rate was 23.7 per 1000 person‐years (p < 0.001). Despite improved adherence in those with DXA‐BMD decline, the post DXA‐BMD fracture rate was 22.4 per 1000 person‐years versus 12.9 per 1000 person‐years in those who had stable DXA‐BMD (p < 0.001). A mid‐treatment DXA‐BMD reassessment strategy may be useful to focus attention upon adherence, but for optimal fracture outcomes, treatment adherence should be specifically addressed at the commencement of therapy. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The performance of the recombinase polymerase amplification test for detecting Leishmania deoxyribonucleic acid from skin lesions of patients with clinical or epidemiological suspicion of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on demonstration of the presence of the parasite in samples obtained from the lesions by direct examination (DE), culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular tests. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) represents an isothermal version of the conventional PCR (cPCR) technique, being ideal for detecting Leishmania DNA, especially in field conditions. METHODS A prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of RPA in the health centres of rural endemic sites or the evaluation centre (EC) of 11 Colombian municipalities and in a reference centre (RC). RESULTS Samples of 128 patients with suspected CL were included and processed for analysis by RPA vs DE in the EC and RPA vs DE and cPCR in the RC. The RPA performed at the EC was more sensitive (90.4% [95% confidence interval {CI} 81.9 to 95.7]) than the DE (42-67%) and the specificity was 72.7% (95% CI 57.2 to 85.0). Both the sensitivity and specificity increased to 100% when adjusting by the imperfect reference standard analysis method. In the RC, the sensitivity of RPA vs cPCR was 72% and the specificity was 69.8%, while the sensitivity of cPCR vs the DE test was 78.8% and the specificity was 81%. CONCLUSIONS The higher sensitivity and specificity shown by RPA in the EC, but also its ease and speed of use, justify performing RPA in the health centres of rural endemic sites. In addition, RPA eliminates the subjectivity inherent in the traditional DE.