Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nectin receptor structure

T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells. TIGIT recognizes nectin and nectin-like adhesion molecules and thus plays a critical role in the innate immune response to malignant transformation. While the TIGIT nectin-like protein-5 (necl-5) interaction is well understood, how TIGIT engages nectin-2, a receptor that is broadly over-expressed in breast and ovarian cancer, remains unknown. Here, we show that TIGIT bound to the immunoglobulin domain of nectin-2 that is most distal from the membrane with an affinity of 6 μM, which was moderately lower than the affinity observed for the TIGIT-necl-5 interaction (3.2 μM). The TIGIT-nectin-2 binding disrupted pre-assembled nectin-2 oligomers, suggesting that receptor-ligand and ligand-ligand associations are mutually exclusive events. Indeed, the crystal structure of TIGIT bound to the first immunoglobulin domain of nectin-2 indicated that the receptor and ligand dock using the same molecular surface and a conserved “lock and key” binding motifs previously observed to mediate nectinnectin homotypic interactions as well as TIGITnecl-5 recognition. Using a mutagenesis approach, we dissected the energetic basis for the TIGIT-nectin-2 interaction and revealed that an “aromatic key” of nectin-2 is critical for this interaction, while variations in the lock were tolerated. Moreover, we found that the CC’ loop of the ligand dictates the TIGIT binding hierarchy. Altogether, these findings broaden our understanding of nectin-nectin receptor interactions and have implications for better understanding the molecular basis for autoimmune disease and cancer. NK cells are innate lymphocytes that form the front line of defense towards viral infection, malignant transformation and damaged tissues. NK cell function is governed by the integration of signals received via an array of large receptor families that comprise both inhibitory and activating members. Examples of inhibitory NK cell receptors include members of the KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) and LIR (leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors) in humans (1) the Ly49 family in mice (2) and the CD94/NKG2 family in both species (3,4). These inhibitory receptors typically recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I molecules that are expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells (5-9). Accordingly, healthy cells that express http://www.jbc. org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M117.786483 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on May 17, 2017 as Manuscript M117.786483 Copyright 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. at C A R D IF F U N IV E R S IT Y on July 4, 2017 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed fom Nectin receptor structure
Radio emission of extensive air showers during thunderstorms

The deflection of relativistic, charged particles in high energy air showers due to the geomagnetic field leads to a coherent emission of radio pulses. This process can be described by the geosynchrotron model. In particular during thunderstorms, there are additional strong electric fields in the atmosphere which can lead to further accelerations of the charged particles and thus can have influence on shape and strength of the radio pulse. To get a reliable energy reconstruction based on the measured radio signal it is mandatory to understand such effects. Furthermore, lightning strikes are a source of broadband radio emissions that are visible over very long distances. This could also cause difficulties in detecting the much lower signal of air showers. The influences of strong electric fields are currently explored with the LOPES experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany. LOPES measures in the frequency range between 40 and 80 MHz and is operated in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. Additionally, meteorological data as well as the vertical electrical field near the ground are monitored.
Study of the Instant Incentive Mechanism for Zero-Time Enterprise

The zero-time enterprise’s mission is response to the market and customer needs in “zero time” in order to gain more customers and competitive advantages. To realize zero-time response to market and customers, it should inspire the employees’ work enthusiasm and creativity, so that they can do their work conscientiously to ensure quick and smooth going. This paper discussed how to establish an effective instant incentive mechanism for zero-time enterprise, which is a problem of rich practical significance. Firstly, based on the briefly explanation of zero-time enterprise, it analyzed the characteristics and principles of zero-time enterprise; and then elaborated the important roles of instant incentive. Finally, it proposed the basic contents of instant incentive and the “Trine” realization mechanism.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL ON MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SLIP FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OVER A NON-LINEAR STRETCHING SHEET

Some analyses have been carried out to study the influence of suction/blowing, thermal radiation and temperature dependent fluid properties on the hydromagnetic incompressible electrically conducting fluid flow and heat transfer over a permeable stretching surface with partial slip boundary conditions. It is assumed that the fluid viscosity and the thermal conductivity vary as an inverse function and linear function of temperature. Using the similarity transformation, the governing system of non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically using symbolic software MATHEMATICA 7.0. The effects of various physical parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics as well as the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are illustrated graphically. The physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed.
2 Transparency , Price Informativeness , Stock Return Synchronicity : Theory and Evidence

This paper argues that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, stock return synchronicity (or R) can increase when transparency improves. In a simple model, we show that, in more transparent environments, stock prices should be more informative about future events. Consequently, when the events actually happen in the future, there should be less “surprise”, i.e., there is less new information impounded into the stock price. Thus a more informative stock price today means higher return synchronicity in the future. We find empirical support for our theoretical predictions in three settings, namely firm age, seasoned equity issues, and listing of ADRs. JEL Classification Code: G14, G39
ON PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

Diabetic neuropathy, Hyperglycemia, polyol pathway, neuropathic pain, acupuncture. Diabetes is consider a major cause of mortality and morbidity and it cause microvascular and macrovascular complications. Nephropathy, retinopathy cardiomyopathy and peripheral neuropathy are all recognized as important complications in about 50% of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, mostly related to a poor glycemic control or to an improper management of this pathology. In any case amongst others, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) seems the leading and most painful complication usually affecting many DM patients. For this reason, this work was conceived to review the large variety of strategies adopted for pathogenesis and management of diabetic neuropathy. As neuropathy and neuropathic pain occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients independent of circulating insulin levels, the majority of clinical and experimental investigations have started from the premise that hyperglycemia is the primary cause of neuropathy and neuropathic pain. However, it may also occur acutely even with Hypoglycemia. The manifestations of diabetic neuropathy closely mimic chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, alcoholic neuropathy, and other endocrine neuropathies, hence, before labelling diabetic neuropathy it is mandatory to exclude all other causes of peripheral nerve dysfunction. Since the precise aetiopathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is not well defined, it is difficult to classify. However, Boulton and Ward (1986) originally proposed a purely clinical and descriptive classification. Subsequently, Thomas gave a simple classification based on anatomical characteristics, which is now widely accepted. Potential pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy involves the Hyperglycaemia and polyol pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGE) pathway and others. However in order to actually prevent diabetic neuropathy, patients must be informed of not only the complications, but also how they can minimize their own risk through risk factor modification.Moreover, in the effort to provide the widest panel of remedies, the most antique techniques of acupuncture and electro stimulation will be considered as alternative, which are useful approaches to take into account in any non-pharmacological strategy for DPN management.
Increasing Fault Tolerance in Operational Centres using Human Sensing Technologies: Approach and Initial Results

The analysis of users’ behaviours when working with user interfaces is a complex task. It requires various sensing technologies and complex modelling of input/response relationships. A huge amount of data is collected and analysed today but there are multiple crucial factors that play an unknown role in improving human decision processes. The development of new user interfaces and the usage of suitable techniques to recognize interaction patterns, is crucial for creating adaptive systems. Our work is focused on fault tolerance of Human Machine Interfaces and we develop systems that accept physical user measurements as additional inputs. This can be applied to multiple domains such as Operational Control Centres. We have conducted experiments with professional air traffic controllers with the company Frequentis AG and we present and discuss the results obtained in a project called Sixth Sense. We also discuss limitations and extensions for future systems.
Demographic Study of Sinusitis in Patients Visiting Govt : Unani Hospital Srinagar and Ayush Centres in Kashmir

Sinusitis is the symptomatic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which may be due to infection, allergy or autoimmune causes. It usually occurs due to a viral infection and resolve over the course of 10 days. It is a common disease affecting more than 24 million people annually. Its prevalence is escalating in different geographical locations of the world, especially in cold regions. The best way to prevent sinusitis is to educate the people about risk factors and preventive strategies. The present study was planned with an objective to know the prevalence of sinusitis and to determine the ratio of diseases in respect of Mizaj (Temperament) of the patients attending Govt. Unani Hospital Srinagar and AYUSH Centres in Kashmir. The study was an observational multi-centric cross-sectional hospital based survey. A total of 11514 patients of any age group and sex, attending the out-patients departments of these centres, irrespective of the treatment seeking for were screened after obtaining approval from Institutional Ethical Committee. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which was based on the demographic profile and risk factors of sinusitis was administered to collect the relevant data. The results showed that overall prevalence of sinusitis was 1.11%. The mean age of patients was 34 years and 70% of patients were suffering from chronic maxillary sinusitis. The study revealed that 20% of patients have positive family history of sinusitis. The history of allergy and cold exposure was found in 30 % of patients. The prevalence was highest in patients having Balgami (phlegmatic) temperament. It can be concluded that by knowing ones temperament, the risk for developing sinusitis can be predicted and preventive strategies may be adopted at individual and mass levels.
Knowledge creation and interaction: Developing the concept of Virtual Utility

In the field of KnowledgeManagement, the role of knowledge creation has been highlighted as organizations strive to copewith the changing environment by developing new solutions (Cook & Brown, 1999; Nonaka, 1994). In recent years, the dialogical nature of collaboration and knowledge creation has been acknowledged, and a few researchers have suggested that discussions inworking context should be included in the examination of knowledge creation in organizations (Mengis & Eppler, 2008; Tsoukas, 2009). Tsoukas (2009, p. 942) has argued for dialogical understanding of knowledge creation: “. although dialogue has been suggested (or implied) by several organizational knowledge researchers to be an important mechanism through which conceptual change and, thus, new knowledge emerges, it has not been adequately theorized. We do not know enough about how dialogue works to generate new organizational knowledge. ” Tsoukas (2009) presents a thorough theoretical description of the process of creating new knowledge. This presentation examines knowledge creating discussions by relating them to Tsoukas’ (2009) Dialogical
Effective properties of terahertz double split-ring resonators at oblique incidence

By combining experimental and theoretical efforts we study the optical properties of single-layer, double split-ring resonators at oblique incidences for terahertz frequencies and reveal their angular dependent effective properties. Contrary to what is usually anticipated, for incidence angles deviating from normal we do not observe any significant dispersion in the effective permeability. Effective properties are dominated instead by a strong dispersion in the effective permittivity, causing also the wavenumber in the medium to be large. The structure is shown to possess almost invariant effective properties for oblique incidences.
An Information Security and Privacy Self-Assessment (ISPSA) Tool for Internet Users

Privacy and overall information security are significantly affected by an Internet users' awareness, knowledge and behavior. Therefore, there is a user's awareness assessment needed before developing security solutions that will include the user of the information system. The present paper proposes a validated measurement instrument developed as a web based software security and privacy tool for self-assessment (ISPSA). This solution is based on a scientifically validated questionnaire, OWL ontology concept, evidential reasoning approach and the intelligent agent's algorithm. The main goal of this paper is to propose the solution that will raise awareness among Internet users on privacy and information security issues.
Back to basics: high-loaded activated sludge

1 Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden (E-mail: oskar.modin@chalmers.se; britt-marie.wilen@chalmers.se) 2 VA SYD, P.O. Box 191, SE-201 21 Malmo, Sweden (E-mail: david.gustavsson@vasyd.se) 3 Gryaab, P.O. Box 8984, SE-402 74 Gothenburg, Sweden (E-mail: susanne.tumlin@gryaab.se; ann.mattsson@gryaab.se) 4 Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden (E-mail: jes.la_cour_jansen@chemeng.lth.se)
The Ilinx Garment : Whole-body tactile experience in a multisensorial art installation

Utilizing the tactile sensory channel as a key sensory modality in a full body, cross media artistic installation presents unique challenges. In this paper we describe our experiences with the design and utilization of garments containing embedded sensors and vibrotactile actuators. We follow the garments from their conception through their use in a artistic installation experienced by over 300 visitors. In particular, we focus on the relationship between touch, hearing, and sight – both in the technological implementation as well as the artistic concep-
NITRIFICATION PROCESS IN INTEGRATED FIXED-FILM ACTIVATED SLUDGE (IFFAS) SYSTEM

ii Acknowledgements iv List of Abbreviations v List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Chapter 1 General Introduction and Literature Review 1 1.1 Microbial Nitrogen Cycle 4 1.1.1 Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) 6 1.1.2 Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB) 7 1.1.3 Denitrifying Bacteria (DEN) 9 1.1.4 Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (Anammox) 10 1.1. 5 Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) 13 1.2 Wastewater Treatment Configuration 15 1.2. 1 Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) System 17 1.2. 2 Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFFAS) System 20 1.3 Microbial Identification Techniques 23 1.4 Thesis Objectives 31 Chapter 2 Experimental Design 33 2.
Thin-very tall compact scattered spaces which are hereditarily separable

We strengthen the property $\Delta$ of a function $f:[\omega_2]^2\rightarrow [\omega_2]^{\leq \omega}$ considered by Baumgartner and Shelah. This allows us to consider new types of amalgamations in the forcing used by Rabus, Juh\'asz and Soukup to construct thin-very tall compact scattered spaces. We consistently obtain spaces $K$ as above where $K^n$ is hereditarily separable for each $n\in\N$. This serves as a counterexample concerning cardinal functions on compact spaces as well as having some applications in Banach spaces: the Banach space $C(K)$ is an Asplund space of density $\aleph_2$ which has no Fr\'echet smooth renorming, nor an uncountable biorthogonal system.
Tibial torsion; does it differ in children with congenital talipes equinovarus (ctev) compared to normal ones?

Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot is one of the commonest congenital orthopaedic conditions requiring intensive treatment. A typical clubfoot consists of a deformed foot in equinus ,varus, adduction. In some cases a cavus component is also there. Tibial torsion is the angle between the transverse axes of the proximal and distal tibial articular surfaces. Controversy exists concerning the presence or absence of excessive medial or internal tibial torsion in CTEV. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was done of thirty consenting patients with CTEV and thirty children with injuries not involving the tibia or fibula selected by convenience sampling attending the orthopaedic clinic of a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra . We measured the angular difference between the proximal and distal posterior tibial planes as defined by ultrasound scans thus minimising the error introduced by the posterior shifting of lower end fibula in the fibular notch after manipulative correction. The data was entered in excel and appropriate statistic test was applied. Results: The mean external torsion of the tibia in children with CTEV was 18 degrees (standard deviation 2.7), which was significantly less than the mean external torsion of tibia in normal children (38.13 degrees; standard deviation 9.194) (p<0.05). Conclusions: The children with CTEV have a relative tibial intorsion, as compared to normal children.
Competitiveness, Market Power and Price Stickiness: A Paradox and a Resolution

Are prices less sticky when markets are more competitive? Our intuition would naturally lead us to give an affirmative answer to that question. But we first show that DSGE models with staggered price or wage contracts have actually the opposite and paradoxical property, namely that price stickiness is an increasing function of competitiveness. To eliminate this paradox, we next study a model where monopolistic competitors choose prices optimally subject to a cost of changing prices as in Rotemberg (1982a,b). For a given cost function, we find the more intuitive result that more competitiveness leads to more flexible prices.
Direct Determination of Thermophysical Parameter K ρ c in Mayonnaise, Shortening, and Edible Oil

Inverse photopyroelectric (IPPE) spectroscopy, a novel variant among the photothermal spectroscopies, has been used for direct determination of (Kρc)½ in a variety of food samples. The method appears capable of thermal characterization, and when combined with more mature techniques may prove useful in food products industry and storage.
Rural access and mobility in Pakistan: a policy note

This note presents a number of policy options to improve basic access and promote the mobility of Pakistan's rural population in support of the Government's Poverty Reduction Strategy. This is achieved through more focused and community driven interventions to meet the direct needs of the rural population. The current state of rural accessibility and mobility are examined together with their effect on both the social and economic dimensions of rural poverty. Key challenges and constraints to reform are identified. The note contributes to the current debate within Pakistan with regard to the better targeting of interventions to assist the rural poor. It should also be of interest to policy makers in other countries concerned with how rural transport policy may be developed to meet the Millennium Development Goals.
The Effects Of Muscle-Tendon Length Change During A Fatiguing Hopping Protocol On Time To Exhaustion

Background: Previous research studies conclude that exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise has induced in vivo length changes in muscular architecture. Literature has also proven that muscle architectural changes from fatiguing SSC activities results in a loss of ability to store elastic energy for exercise performance and may increase contractile component(CC)length. However, it is unclear if these neuromuscular adaptations are an altered response to the already occurring changes in muscular architecture during repetitive,exhaustive SSC exercise, and whether or not these changes are inducing alterations in total time to exhaustion (TTE). The purpose of this study was to use an exhaustive SSC task to understand the correlations between changes in length of the muscular architecture with the onset of fatigue, and to determine how these length changes relate to TTE. Plantarflexor (PF) and dorsiflexor (DF) CC length, muscle thickness, and pennation angle changes were examined. Methods: Eight college-aged males participated in an exhaustive single-joint hopping task to fatigue. At different time-points, motion capture data of the hopping kinetics and kinematics, and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle activity were collected, as well as in vivo ultrasound data of the MG. TTE was defined as the total time each subject was able to continuously hop. Results: CC lengths were found to significantly increase as subjects approached exhaustion. With significant correlations of p=0.01 correlational relationships to percent changes in muscle thickness (r=0.87; p=0.005 and pennation angle (r= 0.94; p=0.000) were noticed when compared to TTE. Conclusion: Findings from the current study suggest that changes in CC muscle lengths, occurring during repetitive hopping to exhaustion,will increase as subjects approach fatigue. Furthermore the amounts of CC length change, as well as, changes in pennation angle and muscle thickness were strongly related to TTE.