Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-efficacy and self-management after stroke: a systematic review

Purpose. The purpose of this review is to examine (1) the influence of self-efficacy on rehabilitation outcomes post-stroke, and (2) the evidence to support self-management interventions based on self-efficacy principals for stroke survivors. Method. Medline, Embase, Psychlit, Web of Science, AMED and Cochrane Databases for systematic reviews databases were searched for relevant articles in English between 2000 and ending in July 2009. Articles included (1) primary research testing relationships between self-efficacy and rehabilitation outcomes including the measuring impairment and activity or participation in a stroke population, and (2) research testing efficacy and effectiveness of self-management interventions designed specifically for a stoke population in which the principle theoretical framework is self-efficacy or a similar control cognition. Methodological quality appraisal and data extraction was carried out by two reviewers. Results. Of the 104 articles that were identified by the search, 22 met the criteria to be included in the review. There is evidence that self-efficacy is an important variable associated with various outcomes post-stroke. These outcomes include quality of life or perceived health status, depression, ADL and, to a certain extent, physical functioning. Further empirical evidence is needed to extend these findings, and to determine whether self-efficacy has additional predictive value over and beyond the objective measures of impairment. There is also emerging evidence of benefits to be gained from programmes that target self-management based on self-efficacy principles; however, the optimal format of delivering these interventions for stroke survivors is not clear. Conclusions. There is a need for researchers, to work together with other stakeholders to develop and test interventions that can support self-management skills and confidence to make continued progress after stroke. This could help to reduce some of the negative consequences of stroke such as reduced quality of life and social isolation.
CONDITION DEPENDENCE OF SEXUAL ORNAMENT SIZE AND VARIATION IN THE STALK‐EYED FLY CYRTODIOPSIS DALMANNI (DIPTERA: DIOPSIDAE)

Abstract We used the stalk‐eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni to examine predictions made by condition‐dependent handicap models of sexual selection. Condition was experimentally varied by manipulation of larval food availability. Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni is a highly dimorphic species exhibiting strong sexual selection, and the male sexual ornament (exaggerated eyespan) showed strong condition‐dependent expression relative to the homologous trait in females and nonsexual traits. Male eyespan also showed a great increase in standardized variance under stress, unlike nonsexual traits. The inflated variance of the male ornament was primarily attributable to condition‐dependent (but body‐size‐independent) increase in variance. Thus, evaluation of male eyespan allows females to gain additional information about male condition over and above that given by body size. These findings accord well with condition‐dependent handicap models of sexual selection.
Doing Anger Differently: A Group Percussion Therapy for Angry Adolescent Boys

Abstract This paper describes Doing Anger Differently (DAD), a group treatment for young adolescent boys with high levels of anger. The approach is school-based, 10 weeks long, and utilizes music in the form of percussion to engage this difficult to treat population into treatment and to represent the experience of anger. A tri-level intervention is described: the experience of anger and its influence on action; the formation of meaning and identity resulting from anger and aggression; and the emphasis on group work and the interpersonal basis of anger. Techniques used throughout the group are discussed and illustrative case vignettes are provided.
Primary care outcomes in patients treated by nurse practitioners or physicians: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT Studies have suggested that the quality of primary care delivered by nurse practitioners is equal to that of physicians. However, these studies did not measure nurse practitioner practices that had the same degree of independence as the comparison physician practices, nor did previous studies provide direct comparison of outcomes for patients with nurse practitioner or physician providers. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes for patients randomly assigned to nurse practitioners or physicians for primary care follow-up and ongoing care after an emergency department or urgent care visit. DESIGN Randomized trial conducted between August 1995 and October 1997, with patient interviews at 6 months after initial appointment and health services utilization data recorded at 6 months and 1 year after initial appointment. SETTING Four community-based primary care clinics (17 physicians) and 1 primary care clinic (7 nurse practitioners) at an urban academic medical center. PATIENTS Of 3397 adults originally screened, 1316 patients (mean age, 45.9 years; 76.8% female; 90.3% Hispanic) who had no regular source of care and kept their initial primary care appointment were enrolled and randomized with either a nurse practitioner (n = 806) or physician (n = 510). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient satisfaction after initial appointment (based on 15-item questionnaire); health status (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36), satisfaction, and physiologic test results 6 months later; and service utilization (obtained from computer records) for 1 year after initial appointment, compared by type of provider. RESULTS No significant differences were found in patients' health status (nurse practitioners vs physicians) at 6 months (P = .92). Physiologic test results for patients with diabetes (P = .82) or asthma (P = .77) were not different. For patients with hypertension, the diastolic value was statistically significantly lower for nurse practitioner patients (82 vs 85 mm Hg; P = .04). No significant differences were found in health services utilization after either 6 months or 1 year. There were no differences in satisfaction ratings following the initial appointment (P = .88 for overall satisfaction). Satisfaction ratings at 6 months differed for 1 of 4 dimensions measured (provider attributes), with physicians rated higher (4.2 vs 4.1 on a scale where 5 = excellent; P = .05). CONCLUSIONS In an ambulatory care situation in which patients were randomly assigned to either nurse practitioners or physicians, and where nurse practitioners had the same authority, responsibilities, productivity and administrative requirements, and patient population as primary care physicians, patients' outcomes were comparable.
Defining Subphenotypes for Oral Clefts Based on Dental Development

Individuals with clefts present considerably more dental anomalies than do individuals without clefts. We used dental development to subphenotype clefts with the goal of identifying cleft subgroups that could have specific genetic contributions. We examined 1000 individuals, 500 with clefts and 500 without. We used several clinical features, such as cleft completeness or incompleteness, laterality, and the presence of dental anomalies to assess each individual’s cleft status. We performed chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests to compare the frequencies of observed anomalies between individuals with and individuals without clefts, and among individuals with different cleft subphenotypes. Agenesis of the lateral incisor on the non-cleft side was the most remarkable observation, and may suggest that such cases could be considered incomplete forms of bilateral clefts of the lip.
MONOMOLECULAR LAYERS OF SYNTHETIC PHOSPHATIDES *

In studying the functions of phosphatides in biological membranes, investigations have been made into monomolecular layers of synthetic phosphatides. Force‐area curves of monolayers of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, all containing identical fatty acids, showed small differences, obviously to be attributed to differences in size and charge of the end groups. The shifts of the force‐area curves within one class of phosphatides were more pronounced and are brought about by variations of the apolar moiety. Shortening of the chain length and particularly unsaturation of the fatty acid constituents greatly expanded the films of the l‐α‐lecithins, thereby increasing the closest stable packing attainable. Force‐area curves of structurally isomeric mixed‐acid l‐α‐phosphatides, carrying dissimilar fatty acids in different positions, were identical. Mixed films consisting of phosphatides and cholesterol in molar equivalents—at proportions also found in red cell membranes—revealed a condensing effect of cholesterol on the film of phosphatides containing certain unsaturated fatty acid constituents.
Neues Konzept zur Steigerung der Zuverlässigkeit einer ARM-basierten Prozessorarchitektur unter Verwendung eines CGRAs

Zuverlässigkeit von eingebetteten Systemen spielt im Kontext der fortschreitenden Miniaturisierung eine immer wichtigere Rolle. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir ein neues Konzept zur Steigerung der Zuverlässigkeit einer ARM-basierten Prozessorarchitektur unter Verwendung einer bereits kostengünstig gehärteten grobgranularen rekonfigurierbaren Architektur (CGRA) vor. Dieser kostengünstig gehärtete CGRA wird dazu in die Pipeline eines ARM-Prozessors integriert. Dabei wird die Struktur der ARM-Prozessorpipeline nicht verändert, sondern lediglich der Befehlssatz um drei Instruktionen erweitert. Dafür haben wir eine Toolchain erstellt, welche diese Integration automatisiert. 1. Einleitung Die Zuverlässigkeit jederzeit gewährleisten zu können ist eine ganz besondere Herausforderung in sicherheitsrelevanten eingebetteten Systemen der Medizintechnik, der Luftund Raumfahrt und auch des Automobilbereichs. Dabei muss insbesondere der fortschreitenden Miniaturisierung in der Halbleitertechnologie und der damit verbundenen erhöhten Anfälligkeit gegenüber Defekten beim Herstellungsprozess, dem höheren Verschleiß im Betrieb und auch der erhöhten Strahlungsanfälligkeit durch die redundante Ausführung von Komponenten Rechnung getragen werden. Allgemein sind unter Redundanz alle bei Fehlerfreiheit entbehrlichen Mittel zu verstehen, die im Fehlerfall die ausgefallene Funktionalität ersetzen können. Zu unterscheiden ist die statische und die dynamische Redundanz. Der klassische Vertreter für die statische Redundanz ist das Verfahren der N-fach modularen Rendundanz, wie beispielsweise TMR (Triple Modular Redundancy). Bei diesem Verfahren wird dieselbe Funktion von mehreren Modulen (mindestens zwei) gleichzeitig ausgeführt. Ein Voter entscheidet hier nach demMehrheitsprinzip welches Ergebnis korrekt ist und kann somit auch bestimmen welche Komponente beschädigt ist (siehe Abbildung 1a). Im Gegensatz zur statischen Redundanz hat die dynamische Redundanz den Vorteil, dass nur ein einziges Modul die Funktionalität erbringen muss. Der Fehlerfall wird durch die Komponente selbst oder durch eine externes Modul festgestellt. Anschließend übernimmt dann ein redundantes Neues Konzept zur Steigerung der Zuverlässigkeit einer ARM-basierten Prozessorarchitektur unter Verwendung eines CGRAs R. Wimmer (Hrsg.): MBMV 2016 ISBN: 978-3-00-052380-9 46
The effect of sevoflurane and desflurane on markers of oxidative status in erythrocyte

The aim of our study was to evaluate the markers of oxidative status of erythrocyte during general anesthesia and compare the markers of oxidative status of erythrocyte in both sevoflurane and desflurane. Venous blood samples of patients were collected the following time intervals; initial time (IT) and first hour (1st h), first (1st day) and third days (3rd day) after anesthesia (sevoflurane and Desflurane). The levels of magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) as a cofactor of these enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were also determined. No significant changes were observed in these measurements when the patients were exposed to desflurane anesthesia. On the other hand, the levels of Zn on erythrocytes were significantly increased at 1st hour and 1st and 3rd days compared to initial time in sevoflurane group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). The activity of GSH-Px was significantly increased (p = 0.05) while the activity of SOD was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) at 1st hour after administration of sevoflurane compared to the initial time. There were no changes on the levels of Mg and MDA. Our results showed that sevoflurane has more impacts on the antioxidant status of erythrocytes than desflurane.
Contextual influences on modern contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa.

OBJECTIVES We examined the role of community-level factors in explaining geographic variations in modern contraceptive use in 6 African countries. METHODS We analyzed Demographic and Health Survey and contextual data sources with multilevel modeling techniques to identify factors contributing to geographic variations in women's use of modern contraceptives. RESULTS We found significant associations between several community-level factors and reported use of modern contraceptive methods. We also identified several pathways of influence between the community and the individual. CONCLUSIONS Aspects of a community's sociocultural and economic environment appear to influence a woman's use of modern contraceptive methods.
Using SNOMED CT as a Mediation Terminology: Mapping Issues, Lessons Learned, and Next Steps Toward Achieving Semantic Interoperability

The Clinical Data Repository / Health Data Repository (CHDR) project is a combined effort of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) to exchange clinical information between our Electronic Health Records (EHR). CHDR exchanges standardized, computable data, as opposed to textual data that is only human readable. CHDR utilizes mediation terminologies for health data exchange. For allergy reactions data, CHDR uses SNOMED CT in conformance with Health Information Technology Standardization Panel (HITSP) recommendations. This paper reports how we implemented this solution. Business rules for mapping allergy reactions were established jointly. Each agency independently mapped its legacy data to the same version of SNOMED CT. CHDR has since been implemented in seven locations where VA and DoD have joint patient care environments. Statistics on actual patient data from February-June 2007 showed a 74-99% mediation success rate for allergy reactions data. Examination of mediation failures exposed issues related to mapping and SNOMED CT concept modeling. In addition, we emphasize the significance of adherence to a detailed terminology mediation strategy, desirability of a standard SNOMED CTbased subset for allergy reactions, and the creation of this subset for publication and distribution.
Direct antioxidant properties of creatine.

Creatine is the most popular supplement proposed to be an ergogenic aid. There is some evidence in the literature that creatine supplementation increases lean body mass, muscular strength, and sprint power. However, the efficacy of creatine has not been consistent, and the potential mechanisms are unresolved. While limited evidence that suggests that creatine could possess an antioxidant effect this has not been tested directly. Because oxidants such as free radicals can affect muscle fatigue and protein turnover, it is important to know whether creatine can neutralize free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. We tested the hypothesis that creatine would remove superoxide anions (O(*-)(2)), peroxynitrite (OONO-), hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxides (t-butyl hydroperoxide). We also determined whether creatine displayed a significant antioxidant scavenging capacity (ASC) using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolamine-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) quenching as a marker. Creatine did not significantly reduce levels of hydrogen peroxide or lipid peroxidation. In contrast, creatine displayed a significant ability to remove ABTS+, O(*-)(2), and OONO- when compared with controls. Creatine quenching of ABTS+ was less than physiological levels of reduced glutathione (0.375 mM). To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that creatine has the potential to act as a direct antioxidant against aqueous radical and reactive species ions.
Upper mantle P velocity structure beneath the Midwestern United States derived from triplicated waveforms

Upper mantle seismic velocity structures in both vertical and horizontal directions are key to understanding the structure and mechanics of tectonic plates. Recent deployment of the USArray Transportable Array (TA) in the Midwestern United States provides an extraordinary regional earthquake data set to investigate such velocity structure beneath the stable North American craton. In this paper, we choose an Mw5.1 Canadian earthquake in the Quebec area, which is recorded by about 400 TA stations, to examine the P wave structures between the depths of 150 km to 800 km. Three smaller Midwestern earthquakes at closer distance to the TA are used to investigate vertical and horizontal variations in Pvelocity between depths of 40 km to 150 km. We use a grid‐search approach to find the best 1‐D model, starting with the previously developed S25 regional model. The results support the existence of an 8° discontinuity inP arrivals caused by a negative velocity gradient in the lithosphere between depths of 40 km to 120 km followed by a small (∼1%) jump and then a positive gradient down to 165 km. The Pvelocity then decreases by 2% from 165 km to 200 km, and we define this zone as the regional lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB). Beneath northern profiles, waves reflected from the 410 discontinuity (410) are delayed by up to 1 s relative to those turning just below the 410, which we explain by an anomaly just above the discontinuity withPvelocity reduced by ∼3%. The 660 discontinuity (660) appears to be composed of two smaller velocity steps with a separation of 16 km. The inferred low‐velocity anomaly above 410 may indicate high water concentrations in the transition zone, and the complexity of the 660 may be related to Farallon slab segments that have yet to sink into the deep mantle.
Aberrations of breast cancer susceptibility genes occur early in sporadic breast tumors and in acquisition of breast epithelial immortalization

In the search for early deletion targets in sporadic breast cancer, the analysis of TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumor cells at 1 or more genes in 18 of 24 cases examined. Notably, in more than 60% of such tumors, LOH was detectable in morphologically normal terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs) adjacent to carcinoma (LOHint). At BRCA2 and ATM, LOHint was most frequent, particularly in TDLUs of women ≤ 50 years old (7 of 10). In a novel preneoplastic model system, declining expression levels observed with increasing passage in culture supported the postulate that during the acquisition of continuous growth, elimination of these genes at an early stage confers a distinct selective advantage. The intimate role of these genes in DNA repair and their early deletion has implications for the possible transforming effects of DNA‐damaging agents on unexcised breast tissue harboring LOHint within breast cancer patients. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
INDUCTION OF A CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE (CTL) RESPONSE TO PLASMID DNA DELIVERED VIA LIPODINE™ LIPOSOMES*

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that liposome-mediated plasmid DNA immunisation may be a preferred alternative to the use of naked DNA. Lipodine™ DNA formulations consist of liposomes containing entrapped DNA plasmid by the dehydration–rehydration (DRV) method. Such liposome formulations are distinct from liposomes with externally complexed DNA in that the majority of the DNA is “internal” to the liposome structure and hence protected from DNAase degradation. Previous studies on the immune response induced by DNA vaccines entrapped in Lipodine™ have focused on the humoural response. In the present study, we have expanded the analysis profile in order to include the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) component of the immune response. We have analysed the immune response induced by DNA entrapped in Lipodine™ compared to that induced by DNA alone when delivered subcutaneously, a route of administration not normally inducing significant plasmid DNA mediated immune activation. Our results indicate that delivery of a small dose of plasmid DNA in Lipodine™ results in an improved antibody response to the plasmid encoded antigen and a strong antigen specific CTL response compared to that induced by DNA delivered alone.
BARR: Congestion aware scheduling algorithm for Network-on-Chip router

: Scheduling algorithm is crucial to the performance of the Net-work-on-chip router. Di ﬀ erent from traditional scheduling algorithms that concentrate on local fairness, we propose a congestion-aware scheduling algorithm based on input bu ﬀ er of downstream router. The scheduling algorithm keeps a match dynamically between input and output by detecting the ﬂ its number to be transferred in the same packet. It can reduce network congestion especially under heavy tra ﬃ c loads. Compared to RRM and iSLIP algorithm, the new scheduling algorithm can increase the saturation throughput by 8.2% and reduce the average communication latency by 7.8% under non-uniform tra ﬃ c.
SOI-based devices and technologies for High Voltage ICs

This paper reviews the current status Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) devices and technologies for high voltage integrated circuits (HVICs) and discusses new trends in the field. The paper focuses on novel SOI-based RESURF concepts such as superjunction, linearly graded profile or SOI membrane technology. Due to its intrinsic isolation properties, the SOI is the ideal substrate for bipolar MOS switches such as the LIGBT. In fact, the only LIGBT products on the market are fabricated using Dielectric Isolation (type of SOI) and SOI technology. The paper finishes with an overview of the fierce fight of technology survival in terms of specific Ron vs breakdown voltage. Here the SOI competes with quasi-vertical DMOS technologies and advanced bulk BCD technologies.
Interior permanent magnet motor parameter and torque ripple analysis for EV traction

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become a popular scheme for electrified vehicle (EV) traction in recent years due to its remarkable performances. In this paper, three interior PMSM topologies have been compared by their parameters including no load magnetic motive force (MMF), torque output under different speed and inner power factor angle. Then the most suitable EV traction motor scheme-V shape interior PMSM can be chosen accordingly by FEM results and such motor is analyzed further; High order components exist in the motor inductance parameter with the reason for torque ripple of interior PMSM is concluded and summarized more.