Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced LSB Steganography with people detection as stego key generator

Technology used to hide secret message in a communication called Steganography. Secret message can be text, image or any file that can be converted into binary. This secret message inserted into cover file which can be in form of image, sound or video, basiccaly cover file must be bigger than the secret message in size. Many methods have been proposed on how to hide secret messages in a cover file. These method include spatial domain which work on bit instead of statistically on cover file. Least Significant Bit have been long known as the simplest steganography embedding method. In this research we proposed a method of LSB with enhanced technique to increase security. To extract secret message from cover file one should have particular stego key that describe the location of the message and how to reconstruct them. We utilize a people detection method as a stego key since most of video footage involving human figure, from personal video footage, movie video or security camera recording. While maintaining the appearance of the cover video from arousing suspiciousness, the size of secret message that can be embedded to be one point of consideration.
Leptin and variables of body adiposity, energy balance, and insulin resistance in a population-based study. The Hoorn Study.

OBJECTIVE Leptin is thought to play a key role in the control of body weight. There is a complex interrelationship between leptin and insulin or insulin resistance, but it is unknown how leptin is regulated. We therefore explored, in a large population-based study of 2,484 Caucasian subjects aged 50-74 years, the relationship between leptin and variables of body adiposity, energy balance, and insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Leptin was measured by means of a radioimmunoassay. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with leptin as dependent variable and age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, daily energy intake, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, fasting triglyceride concentrations, HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, and fasting plasma insulin concentrations as independent variables (determinants) RESULTS Leptin concentrations were found to be four times higher in women than in men. Effect modification between sex and potential determinants was expected, and the analyses were performed separately for women and men. BMI was the strongest determinant of leptin in women and waist circumference the strongest determinant in men. BMI, waist circumference, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations were independently and significantly (P < 0.05) associated with leptin, while inverse associations were shown for smoking and daily energy intake (borderline significance). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the relationship between insulin and leptin and, in addition, suggests a relationship between triglyceride concentrations and leptin independent of sex, BMI, waist circumference, and insulin.
New Optimal Solutions for Real-Time Reconfigurable Periodic Asynchronous Operating System Tasks with Minimizations of Response Time

Scheduling tasks is an essential requirement in most real-time and embedded systems, but leads to unwanted central processing unit (CPU) overheads. The authors present a real-time schedulability algorithm for preemptable, asynchronous and periodic reconfigurable task systems with arbitrary relative deadlines, scheduled on a uniprocessor by an optimal scheduling algorithm based on the earliest deadline first (EDF) principles and on the dynamic reconfiguration. A reconfiguration scenario is assumed to be a dynamic automatic operation allowing addition, removal or update of operating systemâ€™s (OS) functional asynchronous tasks. When such a scenario is applied to save the system at the occurrence of hardware-software faults, or to improve its performance, some real-time properties can be violated. The authors propose an intelligent agent-based architecture where a software agent is used to satisfy the user requirements and to respect time constraints. The agent dynamically provides precious technical solutions for users when these constraints are not verified, by removing tasks according to predefined heuristic, or by modifying the worst case execution times (WCETs), periods, and deadlines of tasks in order to meet deadlines and to minimize their response time. They implement the agent to support these services which are applied to a Blackberry Bold 9700 and to a Volvo system and present and discuss the results of experiments.
THE CLINICAL PROFILE OF HIV INFECTED PATIENTS OF TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PUNJAB AND THE RELATION WITH ABSOLUTE CD4 AND CD8 COUNTS

The most common cause of HIV disease throughout the world is HIV-I which was first identified in West Africa. Worldwide , the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were 1 million HIV-1 infected people in South America, 0.5 million in Europe, 5 to 6 million in sub-Sahara Africa, and 30,000 in Oceania. Inspite of it being highly prevalent in the world there have not been many studies to study its clinicopathological behavior in this part of the world. Hence the present study was planned to study the clinical profile of HIV positive patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital, absolute CD4 and CD8 cell count in HIV positive patients at the time of presentation and the association of CD4 and CD8 cell counts with the predominant clinical infection at the time of presentation.
Pillbox antenna integrating amplitude monopulse technique in SIW technology

A novel pillbox antenna integrating monopulse amplitude comparison technique is presented. The monopulse operation is realized in the antenna scanning plane i.e., E-plane. This enhances the angular resolution in this plane and avoids the mechanical orientation of the antenna. The proposed concept has been validated by a prototype in SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) at 24 GHz. The prototype is currently under measurement. The numerical results show very good performance over an angular sector of ±26° for the Σ and Δ patterns. The SLL is lower than −25dB for the central Σ beam and is around −10dB for the extreme Σ beam position. The antenna gain ranges between 22dBi and 24dBi and the null depth for all the Δ beams is lower than −30dB.
Business and Security Executives Views of Information Security Investment Drivers: Results from a Delphi Study

Abstract A Delphi study used two expert panels of 24 CEOs and 22 security executives to identify and rank factors that motivated organizations to invest in information security. Both panels agreed that legal and regulatory compliances were the most important drivers. However, their different perspectives about other drivers, particularly the extent to which information security provided a competitive advantage, implied that business executives were more likely than security executives to view information security as a cost center rather than a business enabler, thus the author suggested a greater need for technology executives to help business executives better understand how information security investments could provide competitive advantage. In general, the study highlighted the need for more dialogue and information sharing between security executives, who are responsible for designing the organization’s security infrastructure, and business executives who must allocate the funds to support that infrastructure.
Pass-Through of Bank Funding Costs to Lending and Deposit Rates: Lessons from the Financial Crisis

A key feature of the financial crisis was that the cost to banks of unsecured term funding rose sharply relative to expected policy rates and did so heterogeneously across banks. This paper examines the pass-through of bank funding costs to retail loan and deposit rates in the United Kingdom, and how this changed during and after the financial crisis. We estimate separate equations for individual banks and find that the common component of funding costs passes through quickly and completely. But cost changes that are not homogeneous across banks generally exhibit slower pass-through, and are affected by the state of market competition.
Differentiation of oligodendrocyte occurs in contact with astrocyte

We have generated stage‐specific oligodendrocytes, which are identified as immature oligodendrocytes by the expression of specific markers. These cells were generated by using 3 types of intrinsic and extrinsic factors for influencing the characteristics of oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells. The factors included 10% serum in the medium to induce cell proliferation, bFGF in serum‐free medium to increase survival and induce differentiation, and 0.25% trypsin to remove nonoligodendrocyte lineage cells. We have also demonstrated that it is possible to supply a huge amount of homogeneous populations of stage‐specific immature oligodendrocytes after 35 days' culture. The maturation of these cells is controlled by interacting with astrocytes in vitro, resulting in the expression of MBP isoforms (14.0 and 18.5 kDa) that may participate in mature oligodendrocyte membrane compaction. J. Neurosci. Res. 52:17–26, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings in Brazil

There are two main views related to the corporate cash holdings: the trade-off view and the financing hierarchy view. The results of preliminary empirical tests indicate that the corporate cash holdings in Brazil are managed more passively than actively, following more the financing hierarchy view than the trade-off view, in contrast to the findings in the USA reported in the previous papers, which support more the trade-off view. Nevertheless, there is evidence that the higher the financial leverage, the higher the cash holdings by the firms, indicating trade-off based decisions when the firms have debts, which can be explained by the cash buffers for the transaction and the precaution motives as well as by the extra cash holdings for the arbitrage transactions. These results are, therefore, indications that the Brazilian firms manage their cash holdings less efficiently than the US firms, in spite of the lower availability of financial resources in Brazil than the USA. The objective of the research is to conduct further investigation on the determinants of corporate cash holdings in Brazil, seeking to discover the reason by which each relevant determinant affects the corporate cash holdings as well as the reasons of the differences between Brazilian and US firms.
Recovsat: An Instrument to Measure Satisfaction with Transaction-Specific Service Recovery

Persistent poor service delivery will have a harmful impact on the survival and growth prospects of service firms. If service failures occur, the literature contends, there are tactics and strategies service firms can employ to return customers to a state of satisfaction. However, no attempt has as yet been made to assess how satisfied customers are after service firms have tried to recover from service failures. The purpose of this study is, first, to identify the dimensions of transaction-specific service recovery satisfaction by analyzing consumer expectations and, second, to develop a validated measuring instrument to measure satisfaction with transaction-specific service recovery based on those dimensions. The evidence of validity (convergent, discriminant, and nomological) and reliability reported here confirms the construct validity of the 17-item RECOVSAT instrument to measure satisfaction with transaction-specific service recovery.
Characterization of the opa (class 5) gene family of Neisseria meningitidis

Class 5 outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis show both phase‐ and antigenic variation of expression. The proteins are encoded by a family of opa genes that share a conserved framework interspersed with three variable regions, designated the semivariable (SV) region and hypervariable regions 1 (HV1) and 2 (HV2). In this study, we determined the number and DNA sequence of all of the opa genes of meningococcal strain FAM18, to assess the structural and antigenic variability in the family of proteins made by one strain. Pulsed field electrophoresis and Southern blotting showed that there are four opa genes in the FAM18 chromosome, and that they are not tightly clustered. DNA sequence analysis of the four cloned genes showed a modest degree of diversity in the SV region and more extensive differences in the HV1 and HV2 regions. There were four versions of HV1 and three versions of HV2 among the four genes. Each of the FAM18 opa loci contained a gene with a unique combination of SV, HV1, and HV2 sequences. We used λgt11 cloning and synthetic peptides to demonstrate that HV2 sequences completely encode the epitopes for two monoclonal antibodies specific for different class 5 proteins of FAM18.
Discriminate Analyses of Motivators and Obstacles on Youth Entrepreneurial Intention

This study investigates the motivators and obstacles to youth entrepreneurship with entrepreneurial intention. Data were collected through 150 self-administered questionnaires distributed to 150 youths. The motivators and obstacles of youth entrepreneurial adapted from previous studies formed part of the questionnaire and were used to discriminate using SPSS software on youth entrepreneurial intentions. It is found that the main motivators for youth intention to become an entrepreneur are that they need to be really serious to start and own a business (p<0.001). On the other hand, youth who are not determined enough to be an entrepreneur is unlikely to become one (p<0.05). This implies that youths who are really serious to start and own a business as would be entrepreneurs can be identified and targeted to develop through government entrepreneurship interventions initiatives.
MRI of popliteo-meniscal fasciculi of the knee: a pictorial review

The popliteomeniscal fascicules (PMFs) provide the attachment of the lateral meniscus to the popliteus musculotendinous region, forming the floor and the roof the popliteal hiatus. In the second half of 1900’s, some anatomic studies claim the important function of the PMF as stabilizers of the lateral meniscus; these anatomical structures work in conjunction with the popliteus musculotendinous unit to prevent excessive lateral meniscal movement and possible meniscus subluxation. A correct diagnosis of the PMFs pathology is crucial to establish the suitable surgical treatment for each patient. MRI is a well-established imaging technique in the musculoskeletal system and the frequency of recognition of normal PMF in the normal knees is high in almost all MRI studies. At day, the gold standard for diagnosis is the arthroscopic evaluation that allows the direct visualization of the popliteo-meniscal ligaments at popliteal hiatus and evaluation of lateral meniscal movements. For this reason if unstable condition of meniscus was suspected, arthroscopic observation with probing into the popliteo-meniscal fascicle area is essential for the identification of the fascicle tears. Despite many treatments have being proposed in literature since now there is high recurrence of knee locking after repair and it is fundamental to develop new surgical techniques in order to achieve better outcome. (www.actabiomedica.it)
An empirical study on the specification of the local search application probability in multiobjective memetic algorithms

This paper empirically examines the effect of the specification of the local search application probability on the performance of multiobjective memetic algorithms. In each generation of multiobjective memetic algorithms, local search is probabilistically applied to each solution. We handle the local search application probability as a controllable parameter. In computational experiments in this paper, we examine the effect of dynamically changing the probability using the five control strategies: constant, step-wise increase, step-wise decrease, linear increase, and linear decrease. Better results are obtained for almost all test problems by changing the local search application probability than specifying it as a constant value. An interesting observation is that the choice of an appropriate control strategy is problem-dependent. Gradually decreasing its value leads to good results for many problems. Such a control strategy, however, does not work on some test problems.
Why exercise is good for your brain

O n August 19, 1785, US President Thomas Jefferson shared the following advice with his 15-yearold nephew, Peter Carr: “Give about two [hours] every day to exercise; for health must not be sacrificed to learning. A strong body makes the mind strong” (http:// avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/let31.asp). More than 200 years later, scientific research suggests that Jefferson’s aphorism is correct: various studies have demonstrated that physical activity reduces the risk of cognitive decline or dementia. For example, one study that analyzed nearly 20,000 men and women reported that midlife cardiorespiratory fitness correlates negatively with the development of dementia in advanced age [1]. Today, it is widely accepted that exercising keeps you mentally fit and is a useful preventive measure against Alzheimer disease. But to effectively exercise against cognitive decline, more detailed instructions are needed. Is lifting weights in a fitness studio as good as jogging in the woods? Is dancing a good alternative? Can ‘brain jogging’ compensate for reduced physical effort? In recent years, animal studies have improved our understanding of the biological underpinnings that link physical activity to cognitive performance. This knowledge can now be used to inform the design of studies in humans. There are several mechanisms by which physical fitness could modify mental performance. Exercising enhances the production of neurotrophic factors and increases cerebral blood flow; it improves cardiovascular fitness and may thereby protect the brain from risk factors for Alzheimer disease such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, or diabetes. In addition, exercise specifically targets age-related cognitive decline and the early phases of Alzheimer disease by promoting adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
DYNAMICS OF MATERNAL ANTIBODIES TO HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUSES (REOVIRIDAE: ORBIVIRUS) IN WHITE-TAILED DEER

Enzootic stability, potentially associated with acquired resistance and subsequent transfer of maternal antibodies, innate resistance, or both, has been hypothesized to explain the lack of reports of hemorrhagic disease (HD) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Texas. The objectives of this research were to determine the following: how long maternal antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) and bluetongue (BT) viruses persist; whether fawns from an enzootic site are naturally exposed to EHD and BT viruses while maternal antibodies are present; and whether field-challenged fawns develop clinical disease. Twelve of 52 fawns from Texas were moved to an indoor facility. All 12 (100%) were positive for maternal antibodies to EHD or BT viruses by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and serum neutralization (SN) tests. Weekly monitoring demonstrated that precipitating antibodies disappeared by 23 wk of age and serum neutralizing antibodies disappeared by 17–18 wk of age. Fawns that remained outdoors in Texas were not observed with signs of HD. At 14–21 wk of age (October), 39 of 40 (98%) fawns that had remained outdoors were positive for EHD and/or BT virus antibodies by AGID and 32 (80%) had SN antibody titers to one or more of five viruses (EHDV-1, EHDV-2, BTV-10, BTV-11, BTV-17). Antibody titers to EHDV-1, EHDV-2, and BTV-11 all exceeded titers of same-age indoor fawns, suggesting recent exposure. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses were isolated from seven (18%) of the outdoor fawns and all 40 remained clinically normal. Natural exposure of deer to EHD and BT viruses occurred at this site in the presence of maternal antibodies without causing disease. This may be due to acquired immunity and the subsequent transfer of maternal antibodies, but it does not exclude innate resistance as a possible factor in the enzootic stability of EHD and BT viruses at this location.
Social Structures and Entrepreneurial Networks

The entrepreneurial context provides a fertile arena for the study of networks. This qualitative study critically examines the nature, content and process of strong ties, which are found to fall into three categories: family, business contacts, and suppliers, competitors and customers. These nodal categories each provide a specific range of support to the entrepreneur. Their appropriate and effective utilization greatly facilitates enterprise performance.
Caixa é dívida negativa sob a perspectiva de hedging no Brasil

O presente estudo investigou se as companhias brasileiras de capital aberto, entre 1995 e 2008, coordenam as políticas de caixa e dívida para efeitos de hedging contra subinvestimento em condições de restrição financeira. Os resultados indicam a inexistência de um componente de hedging usando, simultaneamente, as políticas de caixa e dívida em companhias restritas. Foi observada para as companhias restritas financeiramente uma sensibilidade positiva do caixa ao fluxo de caixa e sensibilidade negativa da dívida ao fluxo de caixa, independentemente da necessidade de hedging. As companhias irrestritas não apresentaram uma sensibilidade do caixa ao fluxo de caixa significante estatisticamente, mas apresentaram sensibilidade negativa da dívida ao fluxo de caixa, resultados também independentes da necessidade de hedging. As evidências contrariam os resultados encontrados por Acharya, Almeida e Campello (2007) no mercado norte-americano, onde caixa e dívida negativa apresentaram de acordo com a necessidade de hedging diferentes papéis na otimização intertemporal dos investimentos em companhias restritas.
A new orthosis for subluxed, flaccid shoulder after stroke facilitates gait symmetry: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate the immediate effects on subluxation and gait pattern of a new shoulder orthosis, developed for treatment of painful shoulder syndrome in subacute stroke patients; and (ii) to evaluate patients' and therapists' opinions about its fit and benefits after 4 weeks. METHODS A total of 40 subacute in-rehabilitation stroke patients with non-functional arm and painful shoulder were included in the study. Of these, 12 subjects underwent shoulder radiography and gait analysis with and without the orthosis to determine the immediate effects of the orthosis. All 40 patients wore the orthosis during the daytime for 4 weeks before completing a survey. Outcome measures were: repositioning of the humeral head, gait cycle parameters, and qualitative lower limb muscle activation patterns. Patients and therapists rated wearing comfort, odour nuisance, effect on pain and performing gait and mobility-related activities. RESULTS When using the shoulder orthosis the humeral head was repositioned in 10 of 12 patients, patients walked more symmetrically due to a prolonged hemiparetic stance phase (p < 0.01), and the paretic quadriceps muscle activity was higher and more appropriately timed. The majority of patients and therapists rated the wearing comfort positive, the odour nuisance minimal, and that the orthosis helped with performing activities. However, less than half of patients and therapists reported improvement in pain. CONCLUSION The well-tolerated shoulder orthosis improved gait quality and repositioned the subluxated humeral head, offered a good fit, and eased performing activities, but did not reduce pain. This preliminary study does not warrant any definite conclusions on the effectiveness of the orthosis; more studies are needed to compare its effect with other models.