Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular systematics of subtribe Banksiinae (Banksia and Dryandra; Proteaceae) Based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequence data: Implications for taxonomy and biogeography

Despite considerable research interest in the subtribe Banksiinae (Banksia L.f. and Dryandra R.Br.), no strongly supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationship between the genera exists, nor have molecular characters been sampled for phylogenetic reconstruction at any level. In this study, DNA sequence characters were sampled from chloroplast DNA (cpDNA; the trnL intron, the trnL 3′ exon, and the spacer between the trnL 3′ exon and trnF) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA; both internal transcribed spacers) of 18 species of Banksia and five of Dryandra, with six outgroup taxa from the subfamily Grevilleoideae. The molecular characters provided the opportunity to code taxa outside of Banksia for cladistic comparison with the genus—an opportunity not previously provided by morphological characters. Cladistic analyses, using parsimony, explored the effects of various weightings of transition to transversion events and base substitution to insertion and deletion events to determine which relationships in the cladograms were robust. The trnL/trnF and ITS characters strongly supported a paraphyletic Banksia with respect to a monophyletic Dryandra. The molecular results supported a single root for Thiele and Ladiges’(1996) unrooted morphological cladogram along the branch between the Isotylis to B. fuscolutea clade and the Grandes to B. tricuspis clade. George’s (1981) subgenus Banksia and section Banksia appeared dramatically non-monophyletic. The distribution of eastern taxa at derived positions on the molecular cladograms suggested considerable cladogenesis in the the genus prior to the formation of the Nullarbor Plain during the Tertiary.
The genus Laminaria sensu lato : recent insights and developments

This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979. The recent proposal to divide the genus into the two genera Laminaria and Saccharina is acknowledged, but the published data are discussed under a ‘sensu lato’ concept, introduced here. This includes all species which have been considered to be ‘Laminaria’ before the division of the genus. In detail, after an introduction the review covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography. It describes growth and photosynthetic performance of sporophytes with special paragraphs on the regulation of sporogenesis, regulation by endogenous rhythms, nutrient metabolism, storage products, and salinity tolerance. The biology of microstages is discussed separately. The ecology of these kelps is described with a focus on stress defence against abiotic and biotic factors and the role of Laminaria as habitat, its trophic interactions and its competition is discussed. Finally, recent developments in aquaculture are summarized. In conclusion to each section, as a perspective and guide to future research, we draw attention to the remaining gaps in the knowledge about the genus and kelps in general.
Analysing the costs and benefits of “fake female empowerment” in the martial arts

The martial arts are often said to be “empowering” for women. However, in some instances this purported empowerment can appear somehow inauthentic. Genuine empowerment should result in the student becoming more powerful in some way. This paper coins the phrase “fake female empowerment” to denote a form of martial arts training experience that can look and feel like empowerment for women and girls, while in reality doing nothing to increase their actual power, or even decreasing it. Examples of “fake female empowerment” in the martial arts explored in this paper include: the promise that martial arts training will deliver a “shapely” body;encouragement to endure harmful pain and injury in the name of desensitization; and conversely, the encouragement to ignore the complex realities of violence in one’s practice. The paper notes that while its starting point is women’s experience, most of the issues cov-ered apply equally to people of all genders. It explores the differences between “real” and “fake” empowerment for female students, and presents a light-touch cost/benefit analysis in order to understand and articulate the reasons for the phenomenon of “fake female empowerment”.
THE HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF TRACE METALS IN LEUKOCYTES

Histochemical methods designed to demonstrate Zn++, Cu++, Co++, Mg++, Mn++, Fe++ and Fe+++ have been applied to blood smears. Metallic elements have been found only in the leukocytes belonging to the myeloid series of cells. The neutrophil was found to contain Zn++ and small amounts of Cu++; the eosinophil, on the other hand, was found to contain large amounts of Cu++ and smaller amounts of Zn++. Basophils were not reported as they could not be identified. Mg++ and Mn++ were present in both the neutrophil and the cosinophil while Co++ was found only in the cosinophil. Iron in either the ferric or ferrous state was not demonstrated in any of the leukocytes in this investigation.
BanditFuzz: Fuzzing SMT Solvers with Reinforcement Learning

Satisﬁability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers are fundamental tools in the broad context of software engineering and security research. If SMT solvers are to continue to have an impact, it is imperative we develop eﬃcient and systematic testing methods for them. To this end, we present a reinforcement learning driven fuzzing system Bandit-Fuzz that zeroes in on the grammatical constructs of well-formed solver inputs that are the root cause of performance or correctness issues in solvers-under-test. To the best of our knowledge, BanditFuzz is the ﬁrst machine-learning based fuzzer for SMT solvers. BanditFuzz takes as input a grammar G describing the well-formed inputs to a set of distinct solvers (say, P 1 and P 2 ) that implement the same speciﬁcation and a fuzzing objective (e.g., maximize the relative performance diﬀerence between P 1 and P 2 ), and outputs a ranked list of grammatical constructs that are likely to maximize performance differences between P 1 and P 2 or are root causes of errors in these solvers. Typically, mutation fuzzing is implemented as a set of random mutations applied to a given input. By contrast, the key innovation behind BanditFuzz is the modeling of a grammar-preserving fuzzing mutator as a reinforcement learning (RL) agent that, via blackbox interactions with programs-under-test, learns which grammatical constructs are most likely the cause of an error or performance issue. Using BanditFuzz, we discovered 1,700 syntactically unique inputs resulting in inconsistent answers across state-of-the-art SMT solvers Z3, CVC4, Colibri, MathSAT, and Z3str3 over the ﬂoating-point and string SMT theories. Further, us-ing BanditFuzz, we constructed two benchmark suites (with 400 ﬂoating-point and 300 string instances) that expose performance issues in all considered solvers. We also performed a comparison of BanditFuzz against random, mutation, and evolutionary fuzzing methods. We observed up to a 31% improvement in performance fuzzing and up to 81% improvement in the number of bugs found by BanditFuzz relative to these other methods for the same amount of time provided to all methods.
Illuminating the nightlife of two Neotropical nightjars: vocal behavior over a year and monitoring recommendations

The ecology of tropical wildlife remains unknown for most nocturnal species owing to difficulties in performing night surveys. To improve our understanding of the ecology of nocturnal tropical birds, we monitored the calling activity of two Neotropical nightjars, the Little nightjar (Setopagis parvula) and the Common pauraque (Nyctidromus albicollis), over an annual cycle at four sites in the Brazilian Pantanal. The calling activity of both species was restricted to the nocturnal period and showed peaks of activity just before dawn and just after dusk. The Little nightjar was detected from early June to late January owing to the migratory habits of the species, while the Pauraque was detected throughout the year. Our results suggest that the breeding season of both species starts in August, and the nesting phase probably takes place in September at the end of the dry season. This might be related to the typical increase in arthropod abundance after the first rains in tropical habitats with seasonal rainfall. Future surveys of these species should be performed in the last fortnight of August at 5 am, a period during which the calling activity of both nightjars was maximum. Autonomous sound recorders should be left in the field for a minimum of 9 days to record a reliable vocal activity rate. Acoustic monitoring, coupled with automated signal recognition, has proven to be a useful tool for monitoring tropical nightjars and may be useful to increase our knowledge about the ecology of other nocturnal tropical species.
Properties of Starch Noodles as Affected by Sweetpotato Genotype

ABSTRACT Starch was extracted from 14 sweetpotato genotypes from the Philippines. The Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA) viscoamylographs of the starches showed Type A pasting curves, characterized by a high pasting peak followed by a high degree of shear-thinning. The major difference among genotypes was in the sharpness of the peak, with some showing a very sharp peak while others showed a broad peak. This difference was related to time from onset of pasting to peak viscosity, and to stability ratio (holding viscosity/peak viscosity), which were also highly correlated (r = 0.84, P < 0.01) to each other. Stability ratio was also correlated to noodle firmness (r = 0.95, P < 0.01), rehydration (cooked weight) (r = -0.89, P < 0.01), and swelling volume of the starch (r = -0.62, P < 0.05). The amylose content was correlated significantly only to peak viscosity (r = -0.84, P < 0.01). Significant differences in texture and cooking quality of the starch noodles produced from the different genotypes was found. It was sh.
High juvenile annual survival probabilities in Southern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome are independent of individual fledging traits

Juvenile survival is an important demographic parameter. Southern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome have undergone a dramatic population decline in the past century across their distribution, but the demographic processes are poorly understood. To estimate juvenile annual survival probabilities, Rockhopper Penguin chicks from two cohorts on New Island, Falkland Islands, were marked with transponders and recorded in subsequent years using an automated gateway. We first estimated annual survival and detection probabilities using a Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) model, and found that both probabilities were extremely high (81% in the first and 98% in the second, third and fourth years of life), even in comparison with adult birds. Because detection probability after 3 years was effectively 1, and our sample size (n = 114) was too small to explore the effects of individual traits on survival in a CJS model, we assessed whether sex, cohort, body mass and laying sequence affected whether juveniles returned to the colony during their first 3 years of life using a simple generalized linear model that assumed perfect detection. Juveniles from the first cohort and males showed a higher return probability than juveniles from the second cohort and females. There was no clear effect of fledging body mass on return rate, probably related to the favourable environmental conditions during the study period. The laying sequence did not markedly affect the return probability of chicks, indicating that, once fledged, first-laid A-chicks have the same probability to return as second-laid B-chicks despite a much larger initial maternal investment in B-eggs in this species. This study demonstrates extraordinarily high juvenile survival probabilities and will help to understand the recent changes in the population dynamics of the Falkland Islands Southern Rockhopper Penguins.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Brand Identification with Apple Products among Iranian Consumers

Abstract This study evaluates the antecedents and outcomes of brand identification with Apple products on purchase intention among Iranian consumers. Our objectives were to assess self-expressiveness (as a hedonic aspect) and perceived quality (as a utilitarian aspect) to examine the drivers of consumers’ brand identification. This study evaluates the effect of brand identification on brand loyalty as well as the effect of brand social self-expressiveness (as a social factor) and perceived quality (as a utilitarian aspect) on brand identification. The studied population consists of all customers of digital goods who have owned at least one Apple product in the past. In this study, 9 stores located in Tehran were selected and 600 questionnaires were delivered data collection. The data collected was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study reveal that brand identification positively affects both purchase intention and brand loyalty. Additionally, the findings reject the role of perceived quality as an effective factor in brand identification. However, self-expressiveness was found to affect purchase intention and loyalty, through a mediation effect of brand identification. This study contributes to social identity and self-expansion theory as well as benefits marketers understand the dynamics of consumers’ brand identification.
Markers in Morphine- and Cocaine-Addicted Animals

These experiments were designed to use typical makers from behaviors and molecular basis in addicted animals of morphine and cocaine. Morphine has been widely abused with a high physical dependence liability. Morphine withdrawal activates the intracellular cAMP signaling pathway and further leads to changes in the expression of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which may be important to the development and expression of morphine dependence. From these experiments, repeated morphine (10 mg/kg, twice per day for 7 days) developed physical dependence. Withdrawal signs were precipitated by naloxone and also increased the expression of the CREB. In addition, repeated exposure of cocaine (15 mg/kg) to mice develops locomotor sensitization and produced lasting behavioral sensitivity. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) peptide was up-regulated by repeated administration of cocaine in the striatum. Therefore, repeated morphine induced the development of physical dependence and increased pCREB. In addition, repeated cocaine induced locomotor sensitization and over-expressed CART peptide. In conclusion, the development of physical dependence and pCREB for morphine, and locomotor sensitization and CART peptide over-expression for cocaine would be useful markers to predict the abuse potential of opioid analgesics and pychostimulant drugs in animals, respectively.
Evaluating the economic profit of reproductive performance through the integration of a dynamic programming model on a specific dairy farm

The overall objective of this study was to improve the reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows and to improve the resulting total farm profit. The hypothesis is that a dairy farm can substantially improve its economic and environmental performance through increasing pregnancy rate, i.e. increasing the number of eligible cows that become pregnant for a given breeding period. This paper presents a tool which was designed with a view to comparing the reproductive efficiency. The tool was developed using dynamic programming in R (Shiny) and shows the changes in costs, revenues and net return projected for a given change in pregnancy rate. The model calculates from the first day in milk and stops when the last calf was born after successful insemination of each cow. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the economic return associated with reproductive performance is greatly affected by the input parameters and therefore real farm and market values are crucial. The average economic gain per percentage point of 21-d (21-day) pregnancy rate (PR) was 14.6 EUR per cow/year. The milk price showed the largest impact on the overall net return. A 10% increase in milk price increased the net return on average by 268 EUR (10% 21-d PR), 292 EUR (20% 21-d PR) and 299 EUR per cow/year (30% 21-d PR). Our study had the same set values of milk yield during lactations for all four evaluated farms and it was found that the milk income over feed cost increased with the reproductive performance in all evaluated farms on an individual cow level. Poor fertility means that cows spend longer producing lower amounts of less efficiently produced milk.
Will second‐generation ethanol be able to compete with first‐generation ethanol? Opportunities for cost reduction

The production costs of a lignocellulosic ethanol process, both currently and projected for 2020, were compared to a corn ethanol process, to determine its economic competitiveness. A techno‐economic model was used to estimate the current production costs for a base‐case, 50 ML yr‐1 softwood facility, as well as providing a basis for cost‐reduction test cases assessing different feedstock, scaling, enzyme, and coproduct options. The progress ratio indicated that lignocellulosic ethanol could be competitive with corn ethanol by 2020, based on volumes mandated by 2007 EISA. However, cost reductions must occur across all components of the production process. The ambitious cellulase enzyme cost reductions that have been projected were shown to be challenging as cellulase costs still need to be significantly lower than those of amylase enzymes on a unit‐of‐protein basis. Opportunities for capital cost reduction relative to first‐generation plants were primarily restricted to the pre‐treatment/hydrolysis unit operations, with operational conditions such as the severity of pre‐treatment and hydrolysis residence times, significantly influencing operating costs. Alternative operating strategies, such as maximizing hydrolysis rate with shorter residence times rather than maximizing ethanol yield and using the unhydrolyzed residue for heat and power production, showed some promise. Increasing the size of the facility to 1 BL yr‐1 output substantially reduced the per unit capital costs, but not to a level competitive with an average (150 ML yr‐1) corn ethanol facility. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Completing the life cycle of a broadcast spawning coral in a closed mesocosm

ABSTRACT Studies of broadcast spawning in corals are fundamental to our understanding of early life history characteristics, reproductive biology, restoration etc. Spawning of corals for research is routinely conducted, but this is mostly restricted to sites adjacent to reefs and from broodstock collected from the wild just prior to gamete release. Only recently has it been possible to induce predictable broadcast spawning in an ex situ environment, and nobody has successfully closed the life cycle (i.e., production of an F2 generation) of these corals. Here, for the first time, we closed the life cycle of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora in a fully closed ex situ mesocosm. This breakthrough has numerous implications for our understanding of reproductive biology, specifically it offers potential to deepen our understanding of the genetic influence on adaptive traits such as heat tolerance, growth and disease resistance over multiple generations.
Peroxidative conversion of hemigossypol to gossypol. A revised structure for isohemigossypol

Phytoalexins from Gossypium have been identified as hemigossypol (2,3,8-trihydroxy-4-isopropyl-6-methyl-l-naphthaldehyde) and isohemigossypol (2,7,8-trihydroxy-4-isopropyl-6-methyl-l-naphthaldehyde) in separate reports, but comparisons of their u.v. -visible, 1H n.m. r. and mass spectra indicate that they are the same; double resonance studies of the phytoalexin now indicate that the correct structure is hemigossypol, which has been confirmed by dimerization of the phytoalexin to gossypol with the enzyme peroxidase.
Effect of Cycloheximide on Protein Breakdown in Germinating Rice Seeds

Rice grain usually contains 6 to 8%protein on a fresh weight basis. Glutelin is a major reserve protein in rice. It has a large molecular weight (2.0 x 106) and consists of three subunits, I, II and III, linked together by disulfide bonds.1 ~3) y Globulin (7S globulin) is also a main reserve protein in rice. It consists of three distinct components, y1, y2 and y3 globulins. y1 Globulin has a very complex subunit composition and has a highly asymmetrical shape, but y3 globulin has a simpler subunit composition and a nearly spherical shape. There is little difference between y2 and y3 globulins.4 ~ 10)
Frequency Fluctuations in Tunable and Nonlinear Microwave Cavities

We present a model for how frequency fluctuations comparable to the total cavity linewidth may arise in tunable and nonlinear microwave cavities, and how these fluctuations affect the measurement of scattering matrix elements. Applying this model to the specific case of a two-sided cavity, we obtain closed-form expressions for the average scattering matrix elements in several important cases. A key signature of our model is the subtle deformation of the trajectories swept out by scattering matrix elements in the complex plane. Despite this signature, the fluctuating and non-fluctuating models are qualitatively similar enough to be mistaken for one another. In the case of tunable cavities we show that if one fails to account for these fluctuations then one will find damping rates that appear to depend on the tuning parameter, which is a common observation in such systems. In the case of a Kerr cavity, we show that there exists a fundamental lower bound to the scale of these frequency fluctuations in the steady state, imposed by quantum mechanical uncertainty, which can appreciably affect the apparent damping rates of the cavity as the strength of the nonlinearity approaches the single-photon level. By using the model we present as a fitting function for experimental data, however, one can extract both the true damping rates of the cavity and the effective scale of these frequency fluctuations over the scattering measurement's bandwidth. Lastly, we compare this new method for observing frequency fluctuations to other methods, one of which we extend beyond the regime of small fluctuations.
Commissioner board characteristics, ownership concentration, and corporate performance

This study analyzes the effect of board characteristics as a corporate governance mechanism on corporate performance with ownership concentration as a moderating variable. We conduct this study because there are still rarely studies that examine the effect of board characteristics on corporate performance by adding ownership concentration as a moderating variable. This study uses a sample of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2013-2017 period with 350 observations. In this study, the characteristics of the board are proxied by the proportion of independent commissioners and the board commissioners’ size. Corporate performance is proxied by return on assets (ROA). By using multiple linear regression analysis, we found that the proportion of independent commissioners and the board commissioners’ size have a significant positive effect on ROA. Other results of this study indicate that the concentration of ownership significantly weakens the positive effect of the proportion of independent commissioners and the board commissioners’ size on corporate performance. JEL Classification: G32, G34 How to Cite: Setiawan, R. , Handiliastawan, I. , & Jafar, R. (2020). Commissioner board characteristics, ownership concentration, and corporate performance. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 24 (2), 131-141. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v24i2. 3827