Features of Islamic Insurance Takaful Insurance and Opportunities of Its Using in the Russian Federation

INTRODUCTIONThe global economic crisis of 2008-2009. predestined aggravation of between the real and financial sectors of the economy. This was the reason for increased interest in Islamic financial institutions that exclude the use of speculative instruments and practices that served as the cause of the deterioration of the western countries and the macroeconomic indicators caused by the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998. In this regard, it is a particular interest to study the Islamic insurance takaful, for the development of which the Russian Federation has the following prerequisites.For the development of takaful in the Russian Federation has the following prerequisites.1. There is the presence of the customer base. In Russia, a permanent resident between 14 and 20 million. Muslims believe. "Ethnic Muslims", i. e. nations, traditionally Muslim majority population in seven Russian regions: in Ingushetia (98%), Chechnya (96%), in Dagestan (94%), in Kabardino-Balkaria (70%) in Karachay-Cherkessia (63%), in Bashkortostan (54.5%), Tatarstan (54%). In addition to the Muslims in the Russian Federation, the number of citizens as the main consumers of takaful may act migrants from Central Asian republics, the number of Muslims, against which potential customers are expected to increase by 5-7 million. Man.2. There is the appeal of the conditions for the owners of takaful insurance policy. Unlike traditional insurance companies participants (investors) Takaful - the Fund relies on the results of the remuneration of the company, if there was no insurance claims.3. There is the rapid development of takaful insurance in the world. According to experts of Ernst & Young by 2015 could increase the volume of insurance premiums of companies operating under Sharia principles in the global market to $ 11.0 billion. 5 bln. Dollars in 2009 (Bekkin R.I., 2003, p. 79). 4. There is the ability to work as part of the Russian legal field. The principles of Takaful is a whole fit into the legal framework adopted in Russia. In the Civil Code of the Russian Federation have been provided a form of "Mutual Insurance Society" (OER), which can be taken as the basis for the establishment of Takaful companies in Russia.The methodological basis is the prominence of the alternative economic schools and trends, including the theory of insurance, banking theory and banking systems, the theory of institutions and institutional change, and others. Multidimensional nature of the subject of research requires the use of the cognitive capacities of the various branches of scientific knowledge, which makes use of a multidisciplinary approach to solving the formulated tasks.Information base of research information constitute official federal and regional statistical agencies of the Russian Federation and foreign states.RESULTSTakaful or Islamic insurance (from the idiom "kafala" denoting in Arabic "giving each other mutual warranty of any kind"), is the direction of development of the Islamic financial system.There are various definitions of the categories in the works of modern scholars of the Islamic financial system:1. According to the interpretation R.I. Bekkina, Takaful - is an independent alternative system that can exist both in commercial and in mutual form (Logvinova I.L., 2012. JNs 12. P. 76-86). 2. According to the inteipretation I.L. Logvinovoy, Takaful - a method of creating an insurance protection (Logvinova I.L., 2012, p. 76-86). 3. According to the definition A.S. Ryskulova, A.O. Soldatova. H. S. Umarov, S. P. Fukin, Takaful or Islamic insurance, - a system based on principles of mutual aid (Taawun) and voluntary contributions (Tabarre), which provides a collective and voluntary risk-sharing among group members. Takaful is a form of insurance that satisfies the principles of Islamic law (Ryskulov A.S., 2010. P. 311-318). 4. According to the definition Ya. …