Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk Produced in a Regional Surveillance System Between 2013 and 2017

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites, generally produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. Nomius. They can have immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects, especially on the liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of AFM1 contamination in milk in an established surveillance area of Romania, during 2013-2017 period. The material was represented by 150 raw milk samples obtained from milk collecting units and breeding units in Cluj county. The samples were analyzed by ELISA method. Measurable levels of AFM1 were present in 28% of the milk samples examined. The level of AFM1 in the positive samples ranged between 0,010 and 0,089 μg/kg. Of the total samples, only two were found non-compliant with the EU regulatory limit (0.05 μg/kg). All the positive samples were detected in 2013. In the 2014-2017 period, the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk was undetectable. The contamination risk of AFM1 in milk may increase with feeds being stored in improper conditions of humidity and temperature. This risk can be significantly reduced by using aflatoxin uncontaminated feeds.
What role do NGOs play in alleviating chronic poverty? Northern NGDOs, inclusion and extreme poverty.

This paper argues that Northern non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) are immensely varied in terms of policy, value system and approaches to poverty. Consequently, it is problematic to generalise concerning whether Northern NGDOs either include or exclude the destitute in engaging with Southern counterparts. The reality is somewhat confusing. The evidence suggests that each Northern NGDO has some ways in which they are inclusive, and some ways in which they are not, giving credence to the position that the NGDO sector is not homogenous. NGDOs, extreme poverty and inclusion are defined within the paper. A brief exploration is made of approaches to extreme poverty, inclusion and the influences on NGDO policy. Evidence is then taken from the field to explore some NGDOs’ engagement in including those often excluded by so-called NGDO development programmes. The gaps between policy and practice of NGDOs is then discussed. A suggestion is made whereby NGDOs might be more inclusive in their policy and their reach to the most poor. This is that rights approaches to development are increasingly being researched and transposed into policy. An explanation of rights approaches and their potential implications for inclusion of the extremely poor then follows. Some examples, experiences and research into the adoption of this approach by Northern NGDOs are then offered.
HUBUNGAN JENIS KELAMIN DAN RELAPS PADA LEUKEMIA

Meskipun pengobatan Leukemia Limfoblasik Akut (LLA) pada anak telah mengalami perbaikan, sekitar 20 % anak masih mengalami relaps. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis kelamin terhadap kejadian relaps pada penderita LLA-L1 anak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Makassar sejak tahun 2006-2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kohort retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medis pasien yang dirawat. Sampel sebanyak 91 pasien, yakni penderita anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sampel dibagi atas kelompok relaps dan tidak relaps. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 23 (25,3%) sampel mengalami relaps dan 68 (74,7%) sampel tidak relaps. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat terdapat sampel berjenis kelamin laki-laki mengalami relaps 11 (20%) dan sampel tidak relaps 44 (80%). Terdapat sampel berjenis kelamin perempuan mengalami relaps 12 (33,3%) dan sampel yang tidak relaps 24 (66,7%) dengan nilai p=0,152 ( p>0,05). Interval waktu saat diagnosa awal sampai terjadinya relaps pada kelompok berjenis kelamin laki-laki memiliki mean 20,09 bulan, sedangkan pada kelompok berjenis kelamin perempuan memiliki nilai mean 21,75 bulan dengan nilai p=0,739 (p>0,05). Mean interval waktu saat remisi komplit sampai terjadinya relaps pada kelompok berjenis kelamin laki-laki adalah 17,72 bulan, sedangkan mean interval pada kelompok berjenis kelamin perempuan adalah 19,66 bulan dengan nilai p=0,700 (p >0,05).
Satellite-measured seasonal variations in primary production in the scallop-farming region of the Okhotsk Sea

Mustapha, M. A. , Sei-Ichi, S. , and Lihan, T. 2009. Satellite-measured seasonal variations in primary production in the scallop-farming region of the Okhotsk Sea. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1557-1569.Seasonal variation in primary production after a retreat of the sea ice in the scallop-farming region along the Hokkaido coast of the Okhotsk Sea (1998-2004) was determined using satellite images. Annual variability in primary production was caused by variability in the physical processes associated with retreat of the sea ice, advection of the Sōya Warm Current (SWC), and intrusion of the East Sakhalin Current (ESC). Variability in primary production resulted in variability in the Chl a concentration, which was also demonstrated with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Enhancement of Chl a concentration in the frontal area in late spring was demonstrated by the second EOF mode of Chl a concentration (14.2% of variance), in parallel with the generation of a well-developed frontal area resulting from the advection of warm waters of the SWC along the coast in late spring, as indicated by the second EOF mode of sea surface temperature (SST; 1.8% of variance). Elevated Chl a concentration and the presence of cold water of the ESC in late autumn were also highlighted by the third EOF mode of Chl a concentration (9.0% of variance) and SST (1.5% of variance). Prolonged high primary production within the scallop-farming region after spring is supported by the development of a frontal area in summer and strengthening of the ESC in autumn.
Policies Enhancing Renewable Energy Development and Implications for Nigeria

The main objective of this study was to review the various policies and strategies promoting renewable energy development around the world. The success and failures of each country and regions were examined through a case study so as to learn some valuable lessons and derive useful implications for the development of renewable energy in Nigeria. The study initially reviewed the current renewable energy policies and identified the barriers to the development of renewable energy technology in Nigeria. The lessons from the case study were classified into support mechanisms which include; capital, fiscal, tax incentives, legislative, political, technological and environmental support. The lessons from case study were used to develop implications in addressing the development of renewable energy technologies through effective policies and strategies in Nigeria. Furthermore, some future perspectives of renewable energy development in Nigeria were discussed. This study intends to support the Nigerian government and policymakers in decisions making and policy formulation on the short-, medium- and long-term.
Does broadband infrastructure boost employment ? Broadband infrastructure has differing effects on workers of different skills

Broadband infrastructure enables fast access to the internet, which, evidence suggests, has significant effects on economic growth. However, labor market related issues have not received as much consideration. These include quantifying employment effects of broadband infrastructure roll-out and questions about who exactly are the winners and losers in the labor market, and whether skills in information and communication technologies (ICT) are reflected in labor market outcomes such as wages. Understanding these complementary issues allows for policy conclusions that go beyond simply encouraging the subsidization of broadband internet infrastructure.
EARTHQUAKE RISK OVER TIME WINDOWS; DO PEOPLE BIAS RISK TO THE END OF AN INTERVAL?

Located on the edge of two tectonic plates, New Zealand has numerous fault lines and seismic risk across the whole country. The way this risk is communicated affects whether people prepare effectively or at all. Research has shown that perceptions of risk are affected by slight changes in wording, and that probabilities commonly reported by experts and media are often interpreted subjectively based on context. In the context of volcanoes, research has found that given a certain probability of a volcano in a specific time window, people perceive risk as higher in later time intervals within that window. The present study examines this pattern with regard to earthquakes and aftershocks in the New Zealand context. Participants in both Wellington (N = 102) and Christchurch (N = 98) were presented an expert statement of earthquake risk within a given time window in Wellington and aftershock risk in Christchurch, and asked to rate their perception of risk in specific intervals across the time window. For a Wellington earthquake, participants perceived risk as incrementally higher toward the end of the 50 year time window whereas for a Christchurch aftershock, risk perception increased slightly for the first three intervals of the 12 month time window. Likelihood of preparing was constant over the time windows, with Wellington citizens rating themselves more likely than Christchurch citizens to prepare for either an earthquake or aftershock, irrespective of current level of preparedness. These findings suggest that people view earthquakes as more likely later toward the end of a given time window and that they view aftershocks very differently to scientific predictions. Time windows and risk perceptions 4
Honor Culture in Brazil: Assessimg Intra-Cultural Variation

Sociologists and social psychologists often approach honor as a cultural trait belonging to specific countries and communities. An honor culture is defined as a society in which social status is defined by willingness of individuals to use force to defend one’s reputation (Black, 2011; Cooney, 2014). Studies in the past have compared countries in order to establish which cultures can be considered as belonging to an honor culture (Vandello & Cohen, 2003); yet, they ignored the intra-cultural variability within countries. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze Brazil, an honor culture, for intra-cultural variability in honor attitudes and values. To do so, we used data from the Latin American Public Opinion Survey and aggregate individual responses regarding honor concerns into regional data to create an Honor Index for the municipalities represented in the survey. Next, we compared the average responses of each municipality to demographic data and material conditions, such as the average education, violence, urbanization and trust in law enforcement of each municipality, thus analyzing variability of the presence of this type of culture across different regions.
Comparison of the efficacy of magnessium sulphate and diazepam in the control of tetanus spasms

Tetanus though preventable through vaccination, it continues to be a major scourge and a common cause of death in developing countries. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of magnesium sulphate and diazepam in controlling the tetanus spasm. This was a randomized double blind controlled trial. A total of 42 patients with clinical diagnosis of tetanus, received continuous infusion of either magnesium sulphate or diazepam. The outcome variable was cessation of spasm, uncontrollable spasm, death and presence of signs of magnesium toxicity or of excessive sedation of diazepam. The knee jerk reflex was use to monitor magnesium sulphate overdose. Observations from the patients were entered into the data sheets and analysis was done using Epi info version 6. A total of 42 patients were enrolled for the study, of whom 31(72.8%) were males and 11(27.2%). The age range of the patients was between 15 years and 70 years, with a mean age of 31.38 ± 14.89years. Twenty one patients were randomly assigned to each arm of the trial. The outcome variables measured were frequency of spasms, and duration of spasms, which were were similar in the first five hours of commencing the trials. The mean spasm frequency in the Magnesium sulphate group reduced from 4.1±1.6 spasms/h at the onset of study to 0.13±0.05 spasms/h in the second week of trial compared to 3.4±1.5 spasms/h to 0.33±0.2 spasms/h in the diazepam group. This difference was statistically significant (p =0.010). The mean duration of spasm was also shorter in the magnesium sulphate group compared to the diazepam group (3.9±0.7 s versus 6.2±2.0 s) but without statistical significance (p value of 0.055). In magnesium sulphate group 11 (52.4%) patients survived and 10 (47.6%)patients died, while in the diazepam group 12 (57.14 %) patients survived, and 9 (42.86%) patients died during the trial . the Risk Ratio was 0.91( 95% C.I) . Magnesium sulphate is a suitable alternative to diazepam for the control of spasms in moderate tetanus.
Who pulled the strings? A comparative study of Indonesian and Vietnamese tax reform

Many countries overhaul their tax systems from time to time. In the Asian region countries like Indonesia, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam and Thailand have all undergone drastic tax reforms in the last 20 years. The need to fill the government coffers, attract foreign investment and make the tax system more equitable are among the factors instigating these tax reforms. Leading politicians, key institutions, external advisers, lobby groups and parliamentarians are just a few of the actors initiating or setting the tax reform agenda and influencing the actual reform process. But who truly pulls the strings? And how does this process work in countries with non-democratic governments? Is it different from democratic countries? Moreover, many countries have received the invited and sometimes uninvited assistance of advisers of multi- and bilateral donor agencies. The role of these foreign actors is sometimes controversial and it remains unclear what their actual influence is in these reform processes. And how does their role relate to the idea that without ‘local ownership’ most reform projects are doomed to fail (Allott 1980; Walle 2005, pp.65-78). The initial tax law reform may look great on paper, but without local ownership who is going to implement and adhere to the new laws? What happens once foreign advisers have gone home? So who and what truly influences these tax reform processes? That is the key question of this study. The 1980s corporate and income tax reforms in Indonesia and Vietnam are analysed to find answers to this question. The basis for the analysis is fiscal sociological theory.
Career Counselling Using Data Mining

Selecting an appropriate career is one of the most important decisions and with the increase in the number of career paths and opportunities, making this decision have become quite difficult for the students. According to the survey conducted by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research’s (CSIR), about 40% of students are confused about their career options. This may lead to wrong career selection and then working in a field which was not meant for them, thus reducing the productivity of human resource. Therefore, it is quite important to take a right decision regarding the career at an appropriate age to prevent the consequences that results due to wrong career selection. This system is a web application that would help students studying in high schools to select a course for their career. The system would recommend the student, a career option based on their personality trait, interest and their capacity to take up the course
Disorder raises the critical temperature of a cuprate superconductor

Significance The origin of high-temperature superconductivity remains unknown. Over the past two decades, spatial oscillations of the electronic density known as charge-density waves (CDWs) have been found to coexist with high-temperature superconductivity in most prominent cuprate superconductors. The debate on whether CDWs help or hinder high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates is still ongoing. In principle, disorder at the atomic scale should strongly suppress both high-temperature superconductivity and CDWs. In this work, however, we find that disorder created by irradiation increases the superconducting critical temperature by 50% while suppressing the CDW order, showing that CDWs strongly hinder bulk superconductivity. We provide indications that this increase occurs because the CDWs could be part of a pair-density wave frustrating the superconducting coupling between atomic planes. With the discovery of charge-density waves (CDWs) in most members of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors, the interplay between superconductivity and CDWs has become a key point in the debate on the origin of high-temperature superconductivity. Some experiments in cuprates point toward a CDW state competing with superconductivity, but others raise the possibility of a CDW-superconductivity intertwined order or more elusive pair-density waves (PDWs). Here, we have used proton irradiation to induce disorder in crystals of La1.875Ba0. 125CuO4 and observed a striking 50% increase of Tc, accompanied by a suppression of the CDWs. This is in sharp contrast with the behavior expected of a d-wave superconductor, for which both magnetic and nonmagnetic defects should suppress Tc. Our results thus make an unambiguous case for the strong detrimental effect of the CDW on bulk superconductivity in La1.875Ba0. 125CuO4. Using tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) measurements, we find indications for potential dynamic layer decoupling in a PDW phase. Our results establish irradiation-induced disorder as a particularly relevant tuning parameter for the many families of superconductors with coexisting density waves, which we demonstrate on superconductors such as the dichalcogenides and Lu5Ir4Si10.
Burnout-Syndrom im Arbeitsfeld der Sozialhilfe im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung. Präventionsmassnahmen für Berufseinsteigerinnen

II Inhaltsverzeichnis . IV 1. Einleitung . 1 1.1. Ausgangslage und Problemdefinition . 1 1.2. Herleitung der Fragestellung . 3 1.3. Relevanz für die Soziale Arbeit . 4 1.4. Aufbau der Arbeit . 4 2. Burnout . 4 2.1. Begriffliche Annäherung . 4 2.2. Transaktionales Stressmodell von Lazarus . 7 2.3. Der Burnout-Zyklus . 8 2.4. Das Modell beruflicher Gratifikationskrisen . 15 2.5. Risikofaktoren von Burnout . 17 2.5.1. Personale Risikofaktoren . 17 2.5.2. Situative oder organisationale Faktoren . 19 2.5. 3. Gesellschaftliche Faktoren . 20 2.5. 4. Risikofaktor Digitalisierung . 21 3. Sozialhilfe . 22 3.1. Definition . 22 3.2. Formen öffentlicher Sozialhilfe . 23 3.3. Arbeitsfeld Sozialhilfe . 24 3.4. Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf das Arbeitsfeld der Sozialhilfe . 32 4. Situation junger, erwachsener Frauen . 34 4.1. Begriffliche Annäherung junge Erwachsene . 34 4.2. Lebenswelt junger, erwachsener Frauen . 35 4.3. Herausforderung Berufseinstieg . 36 4.4. Die Rolle der Digitalisierung . 40 4.5. Berufliches Belastungswahrnehmen . 41 5. Bewältigung . 43 5.1. Begriffliche Annäherung . 43 5.2. Bewältigungsmassnahmen . 43 5.2.1. Persönliche Bewältigungsmassnahmen im privaten Kontext . 44 5.2.2. Persönliche Bewältigungsmassnahmen im organisationalen Kontext . 44 5.2.3. Stressbewältigung nach Lazarus . 44
Evaluating and regulating the impacts of lobbying in the EU? The case study of green industries

How should we evaluate and regulate the impacts of lobbying in the European Union (EU)? The current lack of transparency around lobbying activities and the absence of formal regulation mean that a hidden lobbying problem may prevail. The tentative case study of green industries in the EU is illustrative. The wind turbine industry, for example, benefits from ambitious environmental target levels for greenhouse gas reductions that will increase the future market for renewable energy. In contrast, for example, no environmental target levels exist that increase the future market shares of organic farming. Rational choice theory suggests that lobbying and group size advantages can explain the observed difference in achieving environmental target levels. The EU may learn from the US legislation as a starting point for a best‐practice solution and future evaluation of impacts of lobbying in the EU.
Sparse Representation Tracking with Auxiliary Adaptive Appearance Models

We propose an effective tracking algorithm based on sparse representation and auxiliary adaptive appearance modeling. Based on a sparse representation, l1 minimization can follow targets in challenging situations. Unfortunately, tracking approaches based on l1 minimization are likely to be inefficient because they measure using dense coefficient distributions. The number of target candidates can be very large when the state space is densely sampled. Each minimization takes long time to find the solution. Traditionally, we must calculate the coefficients for each tracking candidates, which is computationally expensive. In this work, we found that l1 minimization can be limited to a few regions with the reasonable probability based on adaptive appearance modeling and background probability estimation. Therefore, the computational cost is greatly reduced. We have also found that appearance information is useful for the region selection. We form the basis of appearance modeling using colors and shapes. The results of the experiment show that the proposed tracker has good performance.
Characterization of the Pore Filling of Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with Photoinduced Absorption Spectroscopy

Near steady-state photoinduced absorption (PIA) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy are used to characterize the pore filling of spiro-MeOTAD (2,2,7,7-tetrakis-(𝑁,𝑁-di-𝑝-methoxyphenylamine)9,9-spirobifluorene) into the nanoparticulate TiO2 electrode of a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (ssDSC). The volumetric ratio of filled to unfilled pore volumes, as well as the optical signature of interacting chemical species, that is, the hole-transfer yield (HTY), are investigated. PIA spectroscopy is used to measure the HTY, relative to the amount of spiro-MeOTAD present, without needing to determine the extinction coefficients of the dye and spiro-MeOTAD cation species. The Beer-Lambert law is used to relate the relative PIA signal to the penetration length of the hole-conductor in the TiO2 film. For the sample thickness range of 1.4-5 μm investigated here, the optimum characteristic penetration length is determined to be 3.1
Effect of probiotic preparation for chemical composition of meat cocks different combinations of hybrid chicks

HASCIK, P., KACANIOVA, M. , BOBKO, M. , POCHOP, J., MIHOK, M. , ARPASOVA, H. : Eff ect of probiotic preparation for chemical composition of meat cocks diff erent combinations of hybrid chicks. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun. , 2011, LIX, No. 5, pp. 83–94 In the experiment were verifi ed the application of probiotic preparation through a water supply for feeding of cock’s hybrids Ross 308, Hubbard JV and Cobb 500 in the chemical composition of the most valuable parts of the carcass. Probiotic was based on the strain Lactobacillus fermentum with containing of 1.10 9 cfu.g −1 and potentially components of maltodextrin and oligofructose in 1% concentration. Length of feeding period was 42 days. Cocks were fed an ad libitum with the same starter mixture HYD-01 to 21 th day and from 22 nd to 42 nd day of feeding with mixture HYD-02 in powdery form. The average of protein content of breast muscle was highest in Hubbard JV hybrid (23.93 g.100 g −1 ), lower