Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progestin profiles near parturition in light horse, pony and miniature horse mares

approved: Donald W. Holtan The aims of this research were to determine progestin profiles during late gestation in mares and to compare genetically different mare types: light horse (LH), pony (P) and miniature horse (MH) mares. Blood samples collected by jugular venipuncture daily from Day -10 to Day 0 (Day 0 = Day of parturition) and every other day from Day -20 to -10 (LH n=6, P n=6, MH n=12) were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with hormone derivatization. Hormone derivatization allowed more accurate separation of progestins and was sensitive to 1-2 ng/mL. Eleven structurally similar progestins were routinely identified and eight were quantified. 4-pregnene-3,20dione (progesterone, P4), 38-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one (pregnenolone, P5) and 5-pregnene-38,208-diol (P58) were identified but not quantified due to low concentrations. Total progestin Concsntrations were 2119.3 ± 197.3 for LH, 996.1 + 169.9 for P and 623if. for INAH (least squares means ± SE, Redacted for Privacy ng/mL). Concentrations of total progestins, 20a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-3-one (20a-5a), 5a-pregnane-313,20a-diol ((3a-diol), 5a-pregnane-3a,20a-diol (aa­ diol), 30-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one (313-5a), 5a-pregnane-30,2013-diol (RO­ diol), and 5-pregnene-313,20a-diol (P5(a) were higher (P<0.01) in LH than either P or MH. P and MH were not different (P>0.05) with respect to these hormones. Concentrations of 5a-pregnane-3,20-dial (5a-DHP) or 3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan­ 20-one (3a-5a) did not differ (P>0.05) by mare type. The main effect of day, using all mares pooled, was significant (P<0.01) for all eight hormones. Most hormones increased (P<0.05) over the last 20 d of gestation, with the maximum concentration during Days -4 to -1. All hormones, except P5f3a, decreased (P<0.05) immediately before foaling; P513a continued to rise through the day of foaling. 5a-DHP was also unique; the concentration remained fairly constant over the last 20 d, with a remarkable decrease to a value on Day 0 lower (P<0.05) than Day -20. The only interaction (mare type by day) was found for aa-diol (P<0.05) and P513a (P<0.01). For both of these hormones, profiles in P and MH were similar, whereas concentrations in LH were higher (P<0.05) and increased more rapidly. These results suggest that progestin profiles in late gestation differ due to mare type. Progestin Profiles Near Parturition in Light Horse, Pony and Miniature Horse Mares by Heather Mackie Baumholtz A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Presented August 6, 1998 Commencement June 1999 Master of Science thesis of Heather Mackie Baumholtz presented on Aug. 6, 1998
An Information-Based Theory of Financial Intermediation

We advance a theory of how private information and heterogeneous screening ability across market participants shapes trade in decentralized asset markets. We solve for the equilibrium market structure and show that the investors who intermediate trade the most and interact with the largest set of counterparties must have the highest screening ability. That is, the primary intermediaries are those with superior information? screening experts. We provide empirical support for the model? s predictions using transaction-level micro data and information disclosure requirements. Finally, we study the connection between screening ability and efficiency, and observe that a market where all investors are screening experts? and thus, a market with no private information? may be dominated in terms of welfare by a market with no screening experts.
Perspectives in athletic training

Unit I Introduction to the Profession 1. Welcome to the Field 2. Evolution of the Profession 3. Organization and Administration Unit II The Body's Reaction to Injury 4. Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis 5. Introduction to the Systems 6. Environmental Conditions 7. Emergency Management 8. Therapeutic Techniques Unit III The Amazing Lower Body 9. Anatomy of the Lower Body 10. Diagnosis and Management of Lower Leg, Ankle, Foot, and Toe Injuries 11. Diagnosis and Management of Knee and Thigh Injuries 12. Diagnosis and Management of Hip and Pelvis Injuries Unit IV The Remarkable Head and Trunk 13. Anatomy of the Skull, Spine, Thorax, and Abdomen 14. Diagnosis and Management of Sports-Related Concussion 15. Diagnosis and Management of Spine Injuries 16. Anatomy of the Senses 17. Diagnosis and Management of Injuries to the Senses Unit V The Complex Upper Body 18. Anatomy of the Upper Body 19. Diagnosis and Management of Neck and Shoulder Injuries 20. Diagnosis and Management of Elbow, Wrist, Hand, and Finger Injuries Unit VI Balancing It Out 21. Nutritional Concerns of the Athlete 22. Psychosocial Concerns of the Athlete 23. Pharmacology 24. Prevention and Protection: Taping and Bracing Appendixes Glossary Index
Toxoplasmose Congênita: Uma Doença Negligenciada? Atual política de saúde pública brasileira

Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolite disease caused by the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. The infection may be contracted through the ingestion of raw or undercooked meat or unpasteurised milk, organ transplants, blood transfusion, through the placenta in vertical transmission or by direct contact with the faeces of infected felids or even through the ingestion of sporulated oocysts in water or food. In immunocompetent individuals, it is generally asymptomatic. However, in patients with various degrees of immunodeficiency and in pregnant women, it may cause severe sequelae and can be fatal. In pregnant women, the prenatal diagnosis should be made as early as possible, so that therapy may be applied to reduce parasitemia and avoid transplacental infection. Despite the high prevalence of infected individuals around the world (20 - 90%), in some European Union countries, such as France and Austria, the average incidence of foetal toxoplasmosis was reduced from 40% to 7% by means of specific programs. In Brazil, seroprevalence may vary between 40% and > 80% (South/Southeast - North/Centre-West/Northeast), reflecting a significant disparity between the public health policies and resources applied in the different regions of the country and the human development index (HDI) of each of them. The lack of consistent and periodical data on seroprevalence per region makes it difficult to understand the significance of this infection and to plan specific public health policies and strategies. Also important is the fact that Hemotherapy Units are not required to screen blood components for toxoplasmosis, not even for immunocompromised patients and pregnant women, or organ transplants. Regarding basic and clinical research, toxoplasmosis is not a priority if compared to the allocation of government funds and incentives to other tropical illnesses, such as: Chagas disease, Leishmaniasis, Dengue fever. There are also few study groups in Brazil that focus in this basic area, for genomics and proteomics studies of T. gondii strains – for the design of new methods of diagnosis, antiparasitic drugs and a vaccine model for humans and animals. This article reviews the historical, taxonomic and epidemiologic aspects, diagnosis methods, treatment and technical-scientific aspects of Toxoplasma gondii and toxoplasmosis in the Brazilian context.
Histologiczne kryteria diagnostyczne oponiaków atypowych (GII WHO) i ich związek z potencjałem proliferacyjnym

Oponiaki atypowe zostały zdefiniowane w klasyfikacji WHO jako nowotwory charakteryzujące się histologicznie bądź aktywnością mitotyczną o wartości 4-20 mitoz/10 HPF, bądź co najmniej trzema spośród pięciu następujących cech: gęstokomórkowe utkanie, małe komórki z przesuniętym na korzyść jądra współczynnikiem „jądrowo-cytoplazmatycznym”, jądro z wyraźnym jąderkiem, brak struktur cytoarchitektonicznych (ang. patternless or sheet-like growth) i ogniska martwicy. Oznacza to, że guzy ukazujące mikroskopowo jedną, a nawet dwie spośród wymienionych cech należy zaliczyć, mimo tych nieprawidłowości, do grupy oponiaków łagodnych (GI WHO). Celem przeprowadzonych badań było poszukiwanie w grupie pięciu kryteriów diagnostycznych oponiaków atypowych wg WHO takich cech histologicznych, które w największym stopniu korelują z wartością indeksu proliferacyjnego tych nowotworów. Materiał badawczy obejmował 65 oponiaków atypowych oraz 59 oponiaków łagodnych, wykazujących przynajmniej jedną cechę histologiczną charakterystyczną dla oponiaków atypowych, wybranych spośród 240 archiwalnych przypadków z lat 2004-2011. Wszystkie nowotwory zostały ocenione pod względem pięciu histologicznych kryteriów diagnostycznych dla oponiaków atypowych oraz liczby mitoz na dziesięć pól widzenia. We wszystkich badanych guzach wykonano reakcję immunohistochemiczną z przeciwciałem MIB-1. Indeks proliferacyjny (PI) obliczono za pomocą komputerowego analizatora obrazu. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono związek PI z ogniskami martwicy, wyraźnymi jąderkami, brakiem układów cytoarchitektonicznych charakterystycznych dla oponiaków GI WHO, obecnością drobnych komórek ze zwiększonym stosunkiem jądrowo-cytoplazmatycznym oraz liczbą cech histologicznych.
A Weak Centralized Consensus Mechanism with More Incentive Effects

In the blockchain system, the consensus mechanism not only helps the nodes maintain data consistency, but also has certain functions for token issuance and attack prevention. Aiming at the problems of low enthusiasm and weak centralization in Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS), this paper proposes a weak centralization consensus mechanism with more incentive effect. We replace the voting link with opportunity verification mechanism, and make the voting link that affects the enthusiasm of nodes become the embodiment of their own rights and interests, so as to strive for the maximization of their own interests. And we also introduce the method of random guess to make the selection of representative nodes more random, so as to achieve the situation of weaker center. At last, combined with the existing problems, the paper analyses the feasible solution with this mechanism.
OS REFLEXOS DA CRISE HÍDRICA BRASILEIRA NA ESTRUTURA DE CUSTOS DAS EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA

Ao longo dos anos, o Brasil enfrenta uma grave crise hidrológica que afeta as diversas camadas sociais e setores econômicos do país. Dentre elas, o setor elétrico brasileiro - dependente direto dos recursos hídricos em sua cadeia de suprimentos - vivencia uma situação de risco operacional hídrico, tendo em vista os baixos níveis de água nos reservatórios e, como consequência, redução na geração de energia nas usinas hidrelétricas. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar os reflexos da crise hídrica nos indicadores ligados à estrutura de custos das empresas que compõem a cadeia produtiva do setor elétrico brasileiro nos anos de 2011 a 2015. Para a análise de resultados, utilizou-se uma amostra final de 15 empresas do setor elétrico brasileiro, a qual se avaliou mediante análise de conteúdo dos relatórios anuais, em que se coletaram os indicadores econômicos, operacionais e da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Observou-se, a partir da análise, que os setores de geração e transmissão apresentaram reflexos favoráveis com a crise em seus indicadores econômicos e reflexos desfavoráveis e favoráveis em seus indicadores operacionais. Já o setor de distribuição apresentou reflexos balanceados, com variações favoráveis e desfavoráveis nos indicadores econômicos e, em suma, favoráveis nos operacionais, sendo o setor com afetações mais relevantes, consolidando as alterações de custos da cadeia e conciliando essas alterações na comercialização de energia junto ao consumidor final.
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN KULIT DALAM LARUTAN ASAM ASETAT TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT GELATIN BERBAHAN BAKU KULIT KAMBING BLIGON

Gelatin merupakan produk hidrokoloid yang merupakan hasil hidrolisis dari komponen protein kolagen hewan atau ternak yang dilakukan secara parsial (Jaswir, 2007). Gelatin impor hampir 90% diantaranya diduga diproduksi dari bahan baku kulit dan tulang pada babi (Hidaka dan Liu, 2002 ; Grobben et al., 2004). Terkait dengan pemanfaatannya dalam bidang pangan, tentunya hal ini menjadi sebuah permasalahan bagi negara yang mayoritas muslim. sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk mencari bahan baku alternatif yang halal. Salah satu bahan baku yang berpotensi besar sebagai bahan baku subtitusi adalah kulit kambing, mengingat kulit kambing juga kaya akan senyawa kolagen yang merupakan komponen utama dalam proses produksi gelatin. Kambing Bligon atau yang lazim dikenal sebagai kambing Jawa Randu, merupakan kambing hasil persilangan antara kambing Kacang dengan Ettawah yang banyak ditemukan di pulau Jawa. Di pulau Jawa, kulit kambing Bligon banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pada industri kulit. Bahan baku kulit kambing yang masuk ke perusahaan kulit dan berkategori afkir diantaranya ternyata jumlahnya bisa mencapai 30-40% (Soehadji, 1995). Hal ini diidentifikasi karena adanya kerusakan secara fisik baik sebelum pemotongan (antemortem) maupun setelah pemotongan ternak (postmortem) sehingga nilai ekonominya menjadi sangat rendah (Karyadi, 1995). Pemanfaatan kulit kambing kategori afkir dapat diarahkan sebagai bahan baku gelatin sebagai pensubtitusi kulit dan tulang babi, namun tentunya masih membutuhkan kajian-kajian yang lebih mendalam lagi khususnya terkait dengan teknologi proses produksinya. Larutan asam banyak dimanfaatkan oleh para peneliti untuk meningkatkan kelarutan protein (Verheul et al., 1998). Penggunaan bahan asam dalam praproses produksi gelatin memiliki peran sebagai agen “pemecah” ikatan silang antar molekul asam amino pada struktur protein kolagen (Zeugolis et al., 2008). Proses reaksi antara komponen protein bahan baku dengan larutan asam dapat dilakukan melalui teknik perendaman (curing). Pada proses ini memungkinkan dapat terjadi reaksi yang antara komponen protein pada kulit dengan larutan asam yang diberikan (Wang et al., 2008). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan waktu proses dan level konsentrasi terbaik untuk diterapkan dalam proses produksi gelatin yang menggunakan kulit kambing Bligon sebagai bahan baku.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ КИНЕТИКИ ГИДРОЛИЗА БАЙКАЛИНА ПРИ ЕГО ЭКСТРАКЦИИ ИЗ КОРНЕЙ ШЛЕМНИКА БАЙКАЛЬСКОГО

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of baicalin hydrolysis in the process of its extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots. Materials and methods . For the studies, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots with a particle range of 0.1–0.5 mm were used. The method of extraction was a simple maceration during a specified period of time, the ratio of plant raw material : extractant was 1:10 w/v at the temperature of 24±1°С. Baicalin and baicalein contents were analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) at the analytical wavelength of 275 nm. The extractant was a water solution of ethanol 26, 43, 59, 72, 81, 97±1% v/v. The time of the extraction was from 1 to 24 hours. Results . The experimental points of dependency of baicalin concentration in the extract on the time of extraction for ethanol solutions with a concentration of 43 and 72% v/v are closely approximated by a linear equation in coordinates lnC=f(t). The value of determination coefficient is more than R²˃0,99. Half lifetime for baicalin has been calculated: for ethanol with the concentration of 43% v/v it is 4.3±0.7 hours, and for ethanol with the concentration of 72% v/v it is 42.3±1.8 hours. Conclusion . Baicalin hydrolysis kinetics in the process of its extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots with 43 and 72% v/v ethanol concentration. has been studied. It has been established that the process of baicalin hydrolysis is well described by the first order kinetic equation. The constants of baicalin hydrolysis during its extraction from Scutelaria baicalensis roots with ethanol having different concentrations have been calculated. Recommendations on technology optimization for baicalin or baicalein extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots have been given.
Reflection on the State of Criminalistics

James W. Osterburg is professor in the Criminal Justice Curriculum program at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle. Professor Osterburg was a member of the faculty of the University of Indiana for a number of years following his retirement from the New York Police Department, and served during the 1968-1969 academic year as a visiting professor at the School of Criminology, University of California, Berkeley, when he worked closely with Professor Paul L. Kirk. Professor Osterburg is also a past president of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
Growth Opportunities, Information Asymmetry, and Dividend Payout: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption

We study how the relationship between a firm’s growth opportunities and its dividend policies shifts in response to a reduction in information asymmetry between investors and firms. Existing literature suggests a negative relationship between growth opportunities and dividend payouts in the presence of information asymmetry. Using the mandatory adoption of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) as an exogenous shock to the information environment of a firm, we document that the negative relationship between growth opportunities and dividend payout strengthens. This suggests IFRS adoption improves capital allocation by shifting dividend demand towards low-growth firms and reducing dividend demand from high-growth firms.
EVIDENCE FOR AMELIORATION OF CELLULAR DAMAGE IN ISCHEMIC RAT BRAIN BY RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE TREATMENT——IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY STUDIES

The changes of somatostatin (SS)—like immunoreactive cells and morphology were observed inthe models of ligation of right MCA and bilateral ligation of CCA respectively.The resultsshowed:(1) a decline of SS immunoreactive nerve cell profiles in right cerebral cortex after 3hligation of MCA as compared with left cerebral cortex and sham operated group,while no sig-nificant difference was found between RSM-treated and saline-treated groups;(2) selectiveischemic cell changes in cerebral cortex,hippocampus and caudate nucleus after 3h ligation ofCCA.The changes included shrinkage and condensation of perikaryon,nuclear pyknosis,cytoplasmic eosinophilia in some neurons.The ischemic changes were more severe insaline-treated group than RSM-treated group.The experiments indicated that the selectiveischemic cell changes could be improved by RSM,suggesting that treatment to modulate SSmetabolism may be indicated after ischemic insults.
30 Pathophysiology of Absence Seizures

Introduction and Definitions Absence epilepsy is a relatively common subtype of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Affecting approximately 10% of all children with epileptic disorders, absence epilepsy is characterized by seizures lasting 3–10 s. Typical absence seizures consist of brief episodes of staring and unresponsiveness and are, at times, accompanied by subtle myoclonic jerks or eyelid fluttering. No obvious deficits are present after the conclusion of each seizure, though in severe forms of untreated disease, hundreds of seizures per day can occur (Blumenfeld 2005). Onset of absence seizures (also known as petit mal seizures) is typically between the ages of 5 and 7 years, and most children outgrow the seizures in adolescence. Treatment with medications such as ethosuximide, sodium valproate, or lamotrigine control seizures about 80% of the time (Shorvon 2005). Seizures may be triggered by hyperventilation, photic stimulation, sleep deprivation, or medication withdrawal. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during absence seizures reveal large amplitude, bilateral, 3–4 Hz spike-and-wave discharges (SWD) with a frontal predominance (> Fig. 30-1).
Extremely Prolonged Expiration Suppresses Left Amygdala Function; A Pilot Study

It is well known that amygdala plays a critical role in the development of stress responses and anxiety. It has been reported that nerve cells in the amygdala fire less by prolonged expiration, but clear evidence has not been shown. As a “ninja” technique, there is an extremely prolonged expiratory breathing technique called Okinaga, which keeps expiration for one minute. As a pilot study, I examined brain changes by Okinaga with fMRI. One ninja participated. He performed Okinaga for 30 minutes, after spontaneous breathing for 10 minutes. The last 5 minutes of each breathing session were compared by fMRI. A significant decrease in blood flow in the left amygdala and a significant increase in blood flow in the occipital and temporal lobes including the visual cortex and its surrounding area were observed. Although these results are interesting, suggesting that the prolonged expiratory breathing may lead to meditation, I need to investigate further by increasing the number of participants.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors Cluster in Children and Adolescents with Low Physical Fitness: The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS)

The aim of this study was to assess the association between physical fitness and clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in boys and girls aged 9 years (children) and 15 years (adolescents). Subjects were 1020 randomly selected children and adolescents. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a maximal cycle ergometer test. A subject was defined as having a risk factor if he/she belonged to the upper quartile of risk within age and gender group for that risk factor. Clustering was analysed in relation to being at risk in a) three or more and b) four or more of five possible risk factors (TC:HDL ratio, insulin:glucose ratio, triglyceride, systolic BP and sum of four skinfolds. Physical fitness was weakly related to single CVD risk factors except sum of skinfolds where the relationship was strong. Low fitness increased the risk of having three or more CVD risk factors with odds ratios (OR) using the upper quartile of fitness as reference of 1.9 (95% CI: 0.8–4.1), 3.0 (95% CI: 1.4–6.3) and .
Epigenetic Changes in Skeletal Muscle: Does Resistance Exercise Protocol Make A Difference?

Performing regular resistance exercise training has been found to improve an individual’s health, including improved metabolism and ability to perform maximal contractile force in skeletal muscle. Certain epigenetic changes are believed to provide a positive impact on individuals and resistance exercise is also known to cause epigenetic changes to occur, including DNA methylation, changes in mRNA expression, differential microRNA expression, and histone modifications. There is debate as to whether these changes are beneficial but with chronic exercise, these changes do appear to provide a benefit to the individual. All these changes play a role in gene expression and the changes that occur with resistance exercise can possibly cause an advantage to an individual, such as increased insulin sensitivity and muscle hypertrophy. Possible mechanisms causing these changes in skeletal muscle include changes in calcium influx, ATP depletion, alterations in metabolic cycle intermediates, and oxidative stress. Understanding the mechanisms by which these changes occur in skeletal muscle due to resistance exercise can have implications in human medicine, such as interventions to treat metabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review examines epigenetic changes that occur with specific resistance exercises related to duration, intensity, and frequency and discuss possible mechanisms.