Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The numerics of physical parametrization

The numerical aspects of the physical parametrization are discussed mainly in the context of the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. Two time integration techniques are discussed. With parallel splitting the tendencies of all the parametrized processes are computed independently of each other. With sequential splitting, tendencies of the explicit processes are computed first and are used as input to the subsequent implicit fast process. It is argued that sequential splitting is better than parallel splitting for problems with multiple time scales, because a balance between processes is obtained during the time integration. It is shown that sequential splitting applied to boundary layer diffusion in the ECMWF model leads to much smaller time truncation errors than does parallel splitting. The attempt in the ECMWF model to obtain 2nd order accuracy with the so called Semi-Lagrangian Averaging of Physical Parametrizations (SLAVEPP) is explained. The scheme reduces time truncation errors, although a few implementation questions remain. In the scheme fast and slow processes are handled differently and it remains a research topic to find the optimal way of handling convection and clouds. Process specific numerical issues are discussed using the ECMWF parametrization package as an example. Examples are the non-linear stability problems in the vertical diffusion scheme, the stability related mass flux limit in the convection scheme and the fast processes in the cloud microphysics. Vertical resolution in the land surface scheme is inspired by the requirement to represent diurnal to annual time scales. Finally, a new coupling strategy between atmospheric models and land surface schemes is discussed. It allows for fully implicit coupling also for tiled land surface schemes.
WHITHER THE GERMAN COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC EXPERTS? THE PAST AND FUTURE OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC ADVICE

The article discusses the development and impact of the German Council of Economic Experts (GCEE). Firstly, the author studies the historical origins and the institutional setup of the GCEE. In the second step, an analyse of the impact of the annual reports of the German Council is given, along with the international comparison with other advisory boards. Finally, the paper discusses the current economic challenges and the need of modernization of the GCEE in special and political advisory boards in general.
Formalisation of Quantitative UML models Using Continuous Time Markov Chains.

In this paper, a quantitative modelling with UML is presented and a translation from concurrent extended UML statecharts into continuous time Markov chains (CTMCs) is proposed. These are widely used in the context of performance and reliability evaluation of various systems. Our aim is to carry out a probabilistic model checking of properties related to dependability of probabilistic systems. A semantics based on stochastic clocks is used to easily translate from UML statecharts augmented with stochastic time to CTMCs. Temporal probabilistic properties related to system dependability are specified with continuous stochastic logic (CSL).
Optimum Sample Size for SSR-based Estimation of Representative Allele Frequencies and Genetic Diversity in Scots Pine Populations

We used the random subsampling approach based on the empirical data to identify the representative sample size for accurate estimates of allele frequencies within a population. The empirical data consisted of 12 nuclear microsatellite marker scores for 400 individuals sampled within 1 ha area in a representative natural stand of Scots pine. For each sample size, 100 resampled subsets were randomly drawn (without replacement). The sample size, at which 95 % of the resampled subsets contained all the alleles at a given frequency present in the empirical data set, was considered as a 95 % probability of sampling these alleles. The resampled subsets were also used to calculate main genetic diversity parameters and their variances to be used as a measure of accuracy of sampling. The results showed that at the 95 % probability level, the sample sizes of 20-25 and 65-80 individuals were large enough to capture all the alleles at frequency above 0.05 and 0.01-0.05, respectively. 300-350 individuals were required to sample the alleles at frequencies below 0.01 at the 95 % probability. The upper bound of the sample sizes was required for the loci exhibiting high He values (>0.80).
A Dynamic Intelligence Test Framework for Evaluating AI Agents

In our recent work on the measurement of (collective) intelligence, we used a dynamic intelligence test to measure and compare the performances of artiﬁcial agents. In this paper we give a detailed technical description of the testing framework, its design and implementation, showing how it can be used to quantitatively evaluate general purpose, single-and multi-agent artiﬁcial intelligence (AI). The source code and scripts to run experiments have been released as open-source, and instructions on how to administer the test to artiﬁcial agents have been outlined. This will allow evaluating new agent behaviours and also extending the scope of the test. Alternative testing environments are discussed along with other considerations relevant to the robustness of multi-agent performance tests. The intuition is to encourage people in the AI community to quantitatively evaluate new types of heuristics and algorithms individually and collectively using different communication and interaction protocols, and thus pave the way towards a rigorous, formal and uniﬁed testing framework for general purpose agents.
Object identification system and method

A the user to provide an object identification system and method which can locate an object reliably and easily. In A object identification system, the optical transmitter 100 is assigned to at least one object, and sends the invisible light having straightness. Controller 200 is installed around the object, with respect to the optical transmitter 100 assigned to the object selected by the user, an instruction to transmit the information to uniquely identify the object or the imaging apparatus. In response to this instruction, the optical transmitter 100 transmits the invisible light first information is superimposed. The imaging device 300 is carried by the user sends, to capture an image, the object selected by the user, or a storage unit for storing the second information uniquely identifying itself, from the optical transmitter 100 receives the invisible light, and a light receiving unit to take out the first information superimposed on the received light, the first information sent from the light receiving unit, a second stored in the storage unit based on the information, a determination unit for determining whether capture images, has a light receiving element, if the determination unit determines that captures an image, an optical transmitter that transmits the currently invisible light including an image input unit for capturing the surrounding image of the object that are assigned, and a display unit for displaying a peripheral image of the object captured by the image input unit. Here, the sensitive area of ​​the light receiving element image input unit has includes a wavelength of invisible light, on the display unit, and the object, and light emission of the optical transmitter assigned to the object is displayed.
Title : Governance in the water-energy-food nexus : Insights from integrative environmental governance

The “water-energy-food nexus” (from here onward, “nexus”) has gained the attention of policymakers and academics as an approach that could improve ecosystem sustainability, resource efficiency and equitable access by accounting for intersectoral interactions in the allocation of water, energy and food (land) resources. The governance landscape and the rules that dictate how the decisions and policies that influence the allocation of resources are made are critical to the outcomes of such an approach. Despite this, the water-energy-food nexus literature has rarely been connected with the extensive literature on integrative environmental governance (including environmental policy integration; inter-organizational relations; integrated management and landscape governance; policy mixes and smart regulation; groups of regimes; institutional interaction and management; meta-governance and orchestration). This paper makes that link. It explores how the nexus literature addresses governance, what the gaps are if any, and what the integrative environmental governance literature has to offer in filling these gaps. Applying a risk, economic rationality and political economy perspective to the nexus literature we review the role(s) ascribed to governance. While noting desirable policy coherence and coordination outcomes, as well as potential barriers and options for addressing them, we find that the nexus literature provides only limited insight about i) the conditions under which crosssector coordination and collaboration come about; ii) the dynamics beyond cross-sector interactions that influence decisionand policy-making in the nexus; and iii) the role of political and cognitive factors as determinants of change in the nexus. As a result it remains disconnected from the policyand decision-making processes it is seeking to influence. The main part of the paper draws out key insights from the integrative environmental governance that can contribute to closing this gap.
Response under the Background of the Belt and Road ( RAC-18 ) Risk Measurement of Large Group Emergency Decision-making of Major Floods Disaster Based on Social Network

Considering the relationship between the experts and the decision risk caused by the fuzziness of the expert preference information under the social network, a research method for the risk measurement of the large flood disaster emergency decision in the social network is proposed. First, we use large data technology to extract key words, then use TFIDF technology to process large data, extract public concern and determine attribute weight. Secondly, the relationship between experts is taken into consideration in decision making, social network relationship of decision experts is constructed based on social network technology and expert decision is combined. *项目来源:国家自然科学基金项目(71671189);国 家自然科学基金重点项目(71790615);中南大学研究 生自主探索创新项目(502211806)。 作者简介:徐选华,男,教授,博士生导师,从事大 数据决策理论与方法、信息系统与决策支持系统、应 急管理与决策、风险分析与管理、复杂工程决策方法 等研究;张前辉,男,硕士研究生,从事大数据决策 理论与方法、应急管理与决策、风险分析与管理的研 究. The decision risk is measured by the policy preference. Finally, through the relative score, the final group decision plan is obtained.
Korean letter handwritten recognition using deep convolutional neural network on android platform

Currently, popularity of Korean culture attracts many people to learn everything about Korea, particularly its language. To acquire Korean Language, every single learner needs to be able to understand Korean non-Latin character. A digital approach needs to be carried out in order to make Korean learning process easier. This study is done by using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN). DCNN performs the recognition process on the image based on the model that has been trained such as Inception-v3 Model. Subsequently, re-training process using transfer learning technique with the trained and re-trained value of model is carried though in order to develop a new model with a better performance without any specific systemic errors. The testing accuracy of this research results in 86,9%.
Does EAP writing instruction reduce L2 errors? Evidence from a longitudinal corpus of L2 EAP essays and reports

Abstract Despite the efforts exerted on error correction by teachers and students during English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses, the literature is split about whether such instruction succeeds in reducing grammatical and lexical errors in student writing. In this study, a longitudinal corpus of essays and reports collected at three key data points along a tertiary EAP course (pre-course, immediate post-course and final assessment) totalling 205,682 words was annotated for 12,996 errors across 10 grammatical and lexical error types. The results, including a mixed-effects linear model, showed a general significant decline in the number of errors produced over the duration of the course. However, closer examination revealed that the frequencies of the majority of individual lexical and grammatical error categories remained unchanged over time, despite specific out-of-class instruction on these errors as well as numerous occasions where teachers provided written corrective feedback. The overall usefulness of the error correction feedback and instruction resulting from the EAP course in question therefore remains inconclusive, although students and other stakeholders may still call for the inclusion of such feedback and instruction on EAP curricula.
Moment Tensor Waveform Inversion in the Sub-Antarctic Scotia Sea Region : Feasibility Tests and Preliminary Results

The availability of average elastic parameters for the lithosphere of the Scotia Sea region, and a suitable database of regional events, allows us to perform a waveform inversion to retrieve focal mechanisms and source time functions. Examples of waveform inversion are presented, for the 30/05/96 event, located in the South Sandwich Trench (Mw = 5.9), and the 15/11/1998 event, close to the South Orkney Is. (Mw = 5.5), together with some feasibility tests. Despite use of only a few seismograms from a limited number of stations, our focal mechanisms are consistent with CMT solutions. The results obtained in synthetic experiments and inverting real data are encouraging for the study of low level seismicity detected by temporary arrays in the Antarctic Peninsula and Tierra del Fuego.
Electronic Resource Planning Solutions for Business Processes

Electronic resource planning (ERP) software is a valuable tool for optimizing business processes. The primary purpose of these packages is to improve information exchanges throughout organizations. The modular design of Electronic Resource Planning software allows companies to tailor it to their particular business practices. Many factors must be considered when choosing an Electronic Resource Planning package such as return on investment calculations, training, management support, and the current IT infrastructure. Omitting any of these considerations can increase costs and waste valuable company time. Electronic Resource Planning packages may be purchased outright or one module at a time. Leasing options are also available which offer Internet-based ERP. This represents the latest trend in Electronic Resource Planning computing; however, security issues may outweigh the benefits associated with this method. An ERP package must be properly implemented and maintained. The preferred method of implementation is a step-by-step approach as opposed to an immediate approach. Some factors to consider when implementing an Electronic Resource Planning package include project planning, “feature creep,” business process mapping, customization, training, time, and rapid implementation packages. Electronic Resource Planning buyers can help to ensure that they are obtaining the optimal solution for their companies by arming themselves with adequate information. A properly chosen and implemented Electronic Resource Planning solution will likely improve business processes, increase efficiency, and accurately measure results.
Robot arm trajectory planning based on whale optimization algorithm

This study is concerned with the smoothness of robot arm's trajectory and the consumption time between two different points in joint space. Seventh order polynomial interpolation is compared with quintic order polynomial in order to obtain the smoothness trajectory. The Whale Optimization Algorithm is introduced to minimize the consumption time. The 6R (6 joint robot) is built using MATLAB Robotics Toolbox to verify the proposed method. The simulation results show that the smoothness and time consumption of the robot's trajectory planning are outstanding using seventh order polynomial interpolation and The Whale Optimization Algorithm.
STATIC NUMERIC AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PREFABRICATED WINDER WOODEN STAIRCASE WITH CENTRAL STRINGER MADE FROM SCOTS PINE ( PINUS SYLVESTRIS L . )

The article describes behaviour of the structure of a prefabricated winder wooden staircase with central stringer on the material basis of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). It focuses on static behaviour of this structure. An analysis was performed with the use of 3D numerical modelling with the finite element method using ANSYS calculation system. The numerical analysis with an orthotropic material model and Hoffman and Tsai-Wu interactive failure criteria showed critical points of this type of analysed staircase. Subsequently, selected critical points were experimentally tested for static loading on models of wooden fragments of the staircase in the scale of 1:1. Experimental tests and numerical analyses pointed out the importanceof a suitable choice of a material model of wood and the necessity to pay particular attention to designing of these points. The results and conclusions could be helpful for designing of a prefabricated winder wooden staircase with the central stringer.
Site U1477

I.R. Hall, S.R. Hemming, L.J. LeVay, S. Barker, M.A. Berke, L. Brentegani, T. Caley, A. Cartagena-Sierra, C.D. Charles, J.J. Coenen, J.G. Crespin, A.M. Franzese, J. Gruetzner, X. Han, S.K. V. Hines, F.J. Jimenez Espejo, J. Just, A. Koutsodendris, K. Kubota, N. Lathika, R.D. Norris, T. Periera dos Santos, R. Robinson, J.M. Rolinson, M.H. Simon, D. Tangunan, J.J.L. van der Lubbe, M. Yamane, and H. Zhang2
An Analysis on Flash Memory File System Using SQLite

서론 1. 플래시 메모리 기반의 가 시장에 Solid State Drive(SSD) 출시되고 점점 주요 저장장치로 자리를 잡고 있으며 모바 , 일 플랫폼 상에서의 플래시 메모리 또한 필수 불가 SSD 결한 존재가 되었다 전 세계 주요 개국 성인 인구의 . 56 스마트폰 보급률은 평균 약 에 육박하고 지난 월 기 60% , 3 준으로 한국 스마트폰의 보급률은 에 달해 세계 위 83% 4 를 기록하였다 가파른 스마트폰의 보급률만큼이나 모 [5]. 바일 플랫폼에 사용되는 플래시 메모리 의 성능 또한 SSD 가파르게 증가하고 있다 하지만 지금까지 알려진 바로는 . 안드로이드는 기본 운영체제로 를 사용하고 있으며 Ext4 , 의 성장에 따라 발표된 에 최적화된 수많은 파일 SSD SSD 시스템에 대한 성능평가 및 적용 가능성에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않고 있다. 성장하는 모바일 플랫폼 시장에서 플래시 메모리 SSD 만큼 중요하게 꼽히는 요소 중 하나가 바로 모바일 플랫 폼 상에서의 기본 데이터 관리 소프트웨어이다 안드로이 . 드뿐만 아니라 를 포함한 대부분의 모바일 플랫폼은 iOS 현재까지 임베디드 환경을 위해 개발된 데이터베 SQLite 이스를 기본 데이터베이스로 사용하고 있는 것으로 알려 져 있다 는 그 구현의 이념에 따라 쉽고 빠른 [1]. SQLite 데이터 관리를 라이브러리 형태로 제공하여 다양한 애플 , 리케이션에서 손쉽게 를 통한 데이터베이스 관리를 SQLite 할 수 있는 환경을 제공하고 있다 또한 저장되는 데이터 . , 의 원자성 및 영속성을 보장하기 위해 저널링 모드를 제 공하고 있다. 가 제공하는 저널링 모드는 크게 저널 SQLite Rollback 링 모드와 저널링 모드로 분류된다 그러나 구현상 WAL . 의 안정성 역사성 및 다중 파일에 대한 원자성 지원 여부 , 에 따른 차이점으로 인해 현재 모바일 플랫폼에서 사용되 는 는 대부분 저널링 모드를 기본 저널링 SQLite Rollback 모드로 사용하고 있다 는 데이터의 영속성을 제공 . SQLite 하기 위해 저널링 모드를 제공할 뿐만 아니라 트랜잭션 , 종료 시 버퍼공간에 남아있는 변경된 데이터에 대해 정책을 취함으로써 데이터 페이지가 온전히 force-write 쓰여지도록 보장하고 있다 [2]. 가 제공하는 데이터 관리의 편의성 데이터 원자 SQLite , 성 및 데이터 영속성에도 불구하고 저널링 모드로 인한 , 불필요한 데이터 페이지의 다중 쓰기와 정책 force-write 으로 인한 데이터 페이지 쓰기는 모바일 플랫폼상에서 기 기의 성능 저하를 일으키는 원인으로 알려져 있다 이 [3]. 러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 의 저널링 모드를 변 SQLite 경하거나 새로운 형태의 데이터베이스를 제안하는 연구들 이 진행되고 있다 그러나 기본적으로 플래시 메 [4, 6, 7]. 모리로 쓰여지는 모든 데이터 페이지들은 운영체제 상의 파일시스템을 통해 블록 단위 입출력 구조로 전달되는 점 을 고려하면 자체의 변화가 아닌 파일시스템의 변 , SQLite 화 또한 필수 불가결한 상황임을 알 수 있다 . 를 통한 플래시 메모리 파일시스템 분석 SQLite
Effects of atorvastatin on adventitial angiogenesis and sympathetic nerves in silicone collars around rabbit carotid artery models

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of atorvastatin on adventitial angiogenesis and sympathetic nerves in silicone collars placed around rabbit carotid artery models. Forty-five rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: the normal group, model group, or atorvastatin group, Animals in the normal group were fed a typical diet, and animals in the model group and atorvastatin group were fed 1% high-cholesterol diet beginning the second day after the silicone collar was placed around their carotid arteries. Intervention lasted for four weeks, after which Masson staining was used to observe pathomorphological changes in the carotid arteries. VEGF and CD31 immumohistochemical staining evaluated the angiogenesis of the carotid arterial wall, and color-coded microsphere data demonstrated that atorvastatin successfully reduced blood flow volume in capillaries of the arterial wall. TH and NPY immunofluorescent staining indicated that atorvastatin decreased sympathetic nerve regeneration and NPY expression around adventitial vasa vasorum. To summarize, atorvastatin inhibits carotid adventitial angiogenesis by affecting sympathetic nerve regeneration in rabbits on high-cholesterol diets.
Alleviate HOL Blocking and DoS Attack in IMS Based NGN

IMS based NGN uses TCP or UDP as transport layer protocol to carry multimedia data across different networks and even to carry signal among core components such as Call/Session Control Functions (CSCF). Due to using of TCP or UDP, IMS based NGN is facing TCP’s SYN Denial of Service (DoS) attack, Head of Line (HOL) blocking crisis. To overcome these troubles the SCTP with its features can be used in IMS based NGN.
Energy Determination of Superconducting Vortex Lattices with Stochastic Methods Calculated on GPUs

—By fabricating Nb films on top of array of Ni nanodots with different geometries, the vortex lattice for specific values of the external applied magnetic field is modified by the array of periodic pinning potentials. In this work, a GPU-based code developed from scratch simulating this phenomenon is presented. It evaluates the vortex–vortex and the vortex–nanodot interactions providing the total interaction between vortices and pinning sites, as well as the position of the vortices in the array unit cell. This final position is obtained with different stochastic processes being able to simulate square, rectangular, or triangular arrays of nanodefects of different size. A computational performance study is also made.
Plánovánı́ pohybu objektu v 3D prostoru

Abstrakt Práce je zaměřena na plánovánı́ pohybu objektu ve 3D prostoru. Ve spojitém prostoru klasické algoritmy hledánı́ cesty selhávajı́ a je nutné najı́t jiný způsob řešenı́ problému. Jednı́m takovým řešenı́m je použitı́ tzv. pravděpodobnostnı́ch algoritmů. Cı́lem této práce je vytvořit program pro řešenı́ a demonstraci problému plánovánı́ pohybu ve 3D prostoru pomocı́ pravděpodobnostnı́ch algoritmů. Konkrétně pomocı́ algoritmů Probabilistic Roadmap (PRM), Expansive Spaces Trees (EST), Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRT), rozšı́řenı́m Retraction-based RRT (R-RRT) a vlastnı́m vylepšenı́m Regulated R-RRT (RR-RRT). Program musı́ umožnit uživateli vytvořit scénu, ve které bude plánovánı́ pohybu probı́hat, automaticky pak cestu vyhledá a nakonec ji bude vizualizovat.
A PERSONAL AUGMENTED REALITY DICTIONARY

This paper proposes a personal dictionary based on augmented reality where the user has the opportunity to create and handle his/her own customized dictionary. In addition, users have the opportunity to share their dictionaries and download dictionaries handled by other users stored in the cloud. The main concern of this paper is about assisting researchers to understand well scientific/technical articles or papers they are reading. A system/application implemented on a smart phone with the Android OS is provided to snap the text using the smart phone camera and extract the inquiring word from the camera image. In case the extracted word has matching records in the existing dictionary stored in local database, a list of definitions is proposed. And definitions in the list are sorted based on the vote index algorithm proposed in this paper. In case the word does not match with any record, the user has the choice either to add new definition, tags and field in which that word is defined; or to perform search in Google. The proposed system/application appear to be a very helpful and handy assistant that will help researchers to have less struggling to understand scientific/technical articles or papers they are reading.