Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aplikasi Pendeteksi Opini Spam

Opinion mining aims to determine an opinion category, positive opinion, negative opinion, or neutral. Opinion mining implementation on public opinions, produces a percentage summary of positive opinions, negative opinions, or neutral from reader. In online political news context, this summary has advantage for readers to understand political situation which changed very fast and has advantage for online news manager to know respond from society towards presented news. Actually reader‟s opinion also can be used to influenced public opinion, motivate appearance mislead spam opinion. Spam opinion must be detected in opinion mining, further spam op inion will be ignored. This research purpose is opinion spam detection. This research used two methods, comments duplication checking and aberrant behavior detection. Duplication checking is done by comparing each existing comments on all articles by using the cosine similarity. This research can find some spam opinions by those methods.
Phase II Study of Cediranib (AZD 2171), an Inhibitor of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor, for Second-Line Therapy of Small Cell Lung Cancer (National Cancer Institute #7097)

Background: Inhibition of angiogenesis is a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of cediranib, a potent small molecule inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, in patients with refractory or recurrent small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: Patients with SCLC with progression after prior platinum-based chemotherapy only; performance status (PS) of 0 to 2; and adequate bone marrow, renal, and hepatic function were included. The dose of cediranib was 45 mg PO once a day for the first 12 patients and was reduced to 30 mg PO once a day for the subsequent patients because of intolerance of the higher dose. Treatment was given on a daily continuous schedule. The primary end point was determination of the response rate. Results: Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Patient characteristics were as follows: 13 men; median age 61 years; PS 0 (12 pts), PS 1 (12 pts). A median of two cycles were administered. Salient grade 3/4 toxicities were fatigue, diarrhea, hypertension, proteinuria, and elevated liver enzymes. Tolerability was better with the 30 mg dose once a day. Nine patients had stable disease, but none had a confirmed partial response. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2 and 6 months, respectively. Response criteria to proceed to full accrual were not met. Increase in circulating endothelial cell count was noted at the time of progression in several patients. Conclusions: Cediranib failed to demonstrate objective responses in recurrent or refractory SCLC at the dose and schedule evaluated. The 45 mg dose was intolerable in a majority of SCLC patients.
Ultrastructural evidence for altered calcium in motor nerve terminals in amyotrophc lateral sclerosis

Numerous studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have suggested that increased intracellular calcium is a common denominator in motoneuron injury. In experimental models, IgG from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis enhanced calcium entry and induced apoptotic cell death in vitro as well as increased intracellular calcium and induced ultrastructural alterations of the motor nerve terminals in mice in vivo. To determine whether similar increases in intracellular calcium and altered morphology are present in motor nerve terminals of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in vivo, muscle biopsy specimens from 7 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 10 nondenervating disease control subjects, and 5 patients with denervating neuropathies were analyzed with ultrastructural techniques, employing oxalate‐pyroantimonate fixation to preserve in situ calcium distribution. Motor nerve terminals from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis specimens contained significantly increased calcium, increased mitochondrial volume, and increased numbers of synaptic vesicles compared to any of the disease control groups, without exhibiting excess Schwann envelopment specific to denervating terminals. These results parallel the effect of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis IgG passively transferred to mice, and provide the first demonstration that neuronal calcium is, in fact, increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in vivo.
High-Throughput Identification of New Protective Antigens from a Yersinia pestis Live Vaccine by Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay

ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis, the plague pathogen, is a facultative intracellular bacterium. Cellular immunity plays important roles in defense against infections. The identification of T-cell targets is critical for the development of effective vaccines against intracellular bacteria; however, the function of cellular immunity in protection from plague was not clearly understood. In this study, 261 genes from Y. pestis were selected on the basis of bioinformatics analysis and previous research results for expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). After purification, 101 proteins were qualified for examination of their abilities to induce the production of gamma interferon in mice immunized with live vaccine EV76 by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Thirty-four proteins were found to stimulate strong T-cell responses. The protective efficiencies for 24 of them were preliminarily evaluated using a mouse plague model. In addition to LcrV, nine proteins (YPO0606, YPO1914, YPO0612, YPO3119, YPO3047, YPO1377, YPCD1.05c, YPO0420, and YPO3720) may provide partial protection against challenge with a low dose (20 times the 50% lethal dose [20× LD50]) of Y. pestis, but only YPO0606 could partially protect mice from infection with Y. pestis at a higher challenge dosage (200× LD50). These proteins would be the potential components for Y. pestis vaccine development.
Three-phase four-wire Vienna I rectifier with active filter function including neutral current mitigation

In this paper a Vienna I rectifier is used to achieve active filtering function including the neutral wire current compensation (VR-AF) in a three-phase four-wire system. A Linear Quadratic with Integral action Regulator (LQIR) is designed to achieve overall DC bus voltage regulation, harmonics, reactive power and load's neutral current compensations. The converter model is set in the d-q-o rotating reference frame. The latter is augmented with the integral of the q and o components of the (VR-AF) currents and overall DC bus voltage to achieve integral action. The converter is controlled as a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system and a fixed PWM at 10 kHz is used to generate the gating signals of the power devices. The system is tested for harmonics, reactive power and load unbalance compensation for balanced/unbalanced loads. The simulation results obtained with SPS and Simulink of Matlab show good performance in terms of overall DC bus voltage regulation; line currents shaping, balancing and neutral current mitigation which proved the effectiveness of the adopted control strategy.
Sleep- and circadian rhythm–associated pathways as therapeutic targets in bipolar disorder

Introduction: Disruptions in sleep and circadian rhythms are observed in individuals with bipolar disorders (BD), both during acute mood episodes and remission. Such abnormalities may relate to dysfunction of the molecular circadian clock and could offer a target for new drugs. Areas covered: This review focuses on clinical, actigraphic, biochemical and genetic biomarkers of BDs, as well as animal and cellular models, and highlights that sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are closely linked to the susceptibility to BDs and vulnerability to mood relapses. As lithium is likely to act as a synchronizer and stabilizer of circadian rhythms, we will review pharmacogenetic studies testing circadian gene polymorphisms and prophylactic response to lithium. Interventions such as sleep deprivation, light therapy and psychological therapies may also target sleep and circadian disruptions in BDs efficiently for treatment and prevention of bipolar depression. Expert opinion: We suggest that future research should clarify the associations between sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances and alterations of the molecular clock in order to identify critical targets within the circadian pathway. The investigation of such targets using human cellular models or animal models combined with ‘omics’ approaches are crucial steps for new drug development.
Cysteinyl leukotriene involvement in chronic lung disease in premature infants.

The pathophysiology of chronic lung disease (CLD) in premature infants who require mechanical ventilation and prolonged oxygen supplementation has been well-described but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that excess cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) production was a contributing factor in CLD. We compared LT production and lung function, at 7 months of age, in nine premature infants with CLD and in eight control infants without CLD. None of the control infants developed any neonatal respiratory problems, but two subsequently required bronchodilator therapy. Respiratory function was assessed by the measurement of thoracic gas volume (TGV), airways resistance (Raw) and functional residual capacity (FRC). Total cysteinyl LT production was quantified by measurement of leukotriene E4 (LTE4) in a spot urine sample. Although all patients were asymptomatic at follow-up, there was evidence of significant lung function abnormalities in infants with CLD. The CLD infants had significantly elevated TGV, Raw and FRC values reflecting airway obstruction when compared to the controls. Urinary LTE4 levels were significantly higher in the CLD infants when compared to the controls (geometric mean: 741 and 337 pmol.mmol-1 creatinine, respectively). There was no direct correlation between urinary LTE4 levels in the CLD group and TGV, Raw or FRC values. Although this study is small and a direct correlation between lung function and urinary leukotriene E4 was not demonstrated, pathological lung function and an enhanced urinary leukotriene E4 production in infants with chronic lung disease would tend to suggest that the cysteinyl leukotrienes were involved in the sequelae of this disease.
Domino versus deceased donor liver transplantation: Association with early graft function and perioperative bleeding

This study sought to evaluate the potential impact of domino liver transplantation (DLT) on initial graft function and early postoperative outcome in patients with cirrhosis in a Portuguese liver transplantation center. A retrospective comparative analysis was performed between 77 domino recipients (from familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy donors) and 91 deceased donor recipients, all submitted to primary elective whole liver transplantation, using the piggyback technique, in a 42‐month period. Outcome parameters included graft dysfunction (defined as either primary nonfunction or initial poor function, according to the Ploeg‐Maring criteria) and Clavien II‐IV complications in the first postoperative week. Domino and deceased donor recipients had similar preoperative severity indices (Child‐Pugh classification and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score) and immediate postoperative severity scores (APACHE II [Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II] and SAPS II [Simplified Acute Physiology Score II]). In DLT, donors were younger, cold ischemia time was shorter, and intraoperative transfusion requirements of packed red blood cells and fresh‐frozen plasma were significantly lower. Graft dysfunction incidence was 3.4‐fold lower in DLT: 5.2% (only 4 cases of initial poor function) versus 18.0% (1 primary nonfunction and 15 cases of initial poor function), P = 0.010. Postoperative bleeding was the most frequent early Clavien II‐IV complication (n = 29, 17.3%), with an incidence 2.2‐fold lower in domino recipients. A statistically significant difference was not found in the other analyzed Clavien II‐IV complications, intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit mortality, and 1‐year survival rate. In conclusion, in this study the younger donors and shorter ischemic time associated with DLT may provide a protective role in regards to graft dysfunction and perioperative bleeding, which are 2 important determinants of early morbidity after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
Transient Stability Study of Distributed Induction Generators Using an Improved Steady-State Equivalent Circuit Method

When a short-circuit fault occurs in a distribution network, speed and reactive power consumption of an induction generator (IG) increase dramatically, which may cause system transient stability problems. This paper proposes an improved steady-state equivalent circuit method to determine transient stability of a distribution system or a micro-grid with multiple IGs. Interaction between IGs and distribution network during a fault is investigated. The relationship between network parameters and speeds of IGs is derived using the steady-state equivalent circuits of IGs. The critical speed and critical fault clearing time (CCT) for maintaining system stability are determined using the proposed technique. The factors, which affect transient stability of a multi-IG distribution system, are investigated. The correctness of the proposed method is verified using dynamic simulation.
Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) reduced exercise-induced injury in human skeletal muscle.

PURPOSE To examine the effects of prolonged systemic administration of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on objective indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. METHODS Fifty-four volunteers (mean age, 26.4 yr; range, 18-35) participated in this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. To achieve steady-state tissue levels, either placebo or diclofenac was orally administered two times a day for 27 consecutive days. A strenuous 20-min stepping exercise program, about which the subjects were unfamiliar, was conducted on day 15. Creatine kinase (CK) activities were measured immediately before the exercise session and on days 16, 18, and 27. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained immediately before exercise and on day 27 for subsequent histological characterization of muscle inflammation. RESULTS The preexercise muscle samples revealed no difference in muscle damage between the two groups. However, the postexercise muscle samples showed that the diclofenac-treated group demonstrated less muscle tissue damage than placebo-treated subjects (P = 0.002). The administration of diclofenac also resulted in a significant lowering of post-/pre-exercise CK ratios on days 18 (P = 0.03) and 27 (P = 0.02) compared with the placebo group, an indirect finding that supports the possibility of diclofenac reducing exercise-induced muscle damage. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate preadministration of diclofenac (in accordance with tissue half-life pharmacokinetics) significantly reduces quantitative indices of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in human muscle.
Resistance to cellular immune response in AKR leukemias

Spontaneous AKR leukemias express murine leukemia virus (MuLV) gag and env gene‐encoded structural proteins on their cell surface. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induced in AKR mice by syngeneic leukemia 369 which expressed high amounts of H‐2 antigens recognized viral gag polyproteins in association with H‐2K antigens as target antigens. H‐2K‐negative leukemias were resistant to lysis by AKR/ Gross MuLV‐specific CTL and did not induce a cellular immune response. However, they became susceptible after stimulation with interferon. H‐2K‐positive leukemias induced CTL which were cytotoxic for 369 cells. However, the majority of H‐2K‐ positive leukemias was not lysed by CTL induced by autologous immunization. These leukemias were also resistant to lysis by anti‐369 CTL, but could restimulate AKR/ Gross‐specific CTL in vitro, and were susceptible to lysis by H‐2Kk‐ restricted CTL against AKR minor histocompatibility antigens. Thus, there could be specific defects of the H‐2Kk antigens of these tumors. However, there were also qualitative and quantitative differences in antigenic determinants of the gag target antigens in these leukemias.
DsrA-Deficient Mutant of Haemophilus ducreyi Is Impaired in Its Ability To Infect Human Volunteers

ABSTRACT Haemophilus ducreyi produces an outer membrane protein called DsrA, which is required for serum resistance. An isogenicdsrA mutant, FX517, was constructed previously in H. ducreyi 35000. Compared to its parent, FX517 cannot survive in normal human serum. When complemented in trans with a plasmid containing dsrA, FX517 is converted to a serum-resistant phenotype (C. Elkins, K. J. Morrow, Jr., and B. Olsen, Infect. Immun. 68:1608–1619, 2000). To test whetherdsrA was transcribed in vivo, we successfully amplified transcripts in five biopsies obtained from four experimentally infected human subjects. To test whether DsrA was required for virulence, six volunteers were experimentally infected with 35000 and FX517 and observed for papule and pustule formation. Each subject was inoculated with two doses (70 to 80 CFU) of live 35000 and 1 dose of heat-killed bacteria on one arm and with three doses (ranging from 35 to 800 CFU) of live FX517 on the other arm. Papules developed at similar rates at sites inoculated with the mutant or parent. However, mutant papule surface areas were significantly smaller than parent papules. The pustule formation rate was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI] of 28 to 85%) at 12 parent sites, and 0% (95% CI of 0 to 15%) at 18 mutant sites (P = 0.0004). Although biosafety regulations precluded our testing the complemented mutant in humans, these results suggest that expression of DsrA facilitates the ability of H. ducreyi to progress to the pustular stage of disease.
Complex Alternative Cytoplasmic Protein Isoforms of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen 1 Generated through Noncanonical Translation Initiation

ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latency associated-nuclear antigen 1 (LANA1) protein is constitutively expressed in all KSHV-infected cells, as well as in all forms of KSHV-associated malignancies. LANA1 is a multifunctional KSHV oncoprotein containing multiple repeat sequences that is important for viral episome maintenance and the regulation of cellular and viral gene expression. We characterize here multiple LANA1 isoforms and show that ∼50% of LANA1 is naturally generated as N-terminally truncated shoulder proteins that are detected on SDS-PAGE as faster-migrating shoulder bands designated LANA1S. Higher-molecular-weight LANA1S isoforms initiate downstream at noncanonical sites within the N-terminal region, whereas lower-molecular-weight LANA1S isoforms initiate downstream within the central repeat 1 domain. LANA1S proteins lack an N-terminal nuclear localization signal motif, and some isoforms differ from full-length, canonical LANA1 by localizing to perinuclear and cytoplasmic sites. Although LANA1 has until now been assumed to be solely active in the nucleus, this finding indicates that this major KSHV oncoprotein may have cytoplasmic activities as well. KSHV overcomes its limited genetic coding capacity by generating alternatively initiated protein isoforms that may have distinct biological functions.
Characteristics of COPD in never-smokers and ever-smokers in the general population: results from the CanCOLD study

Background There is limited data on the risk factors and phenotypical characteristics associated with spirometrically confirmed COPD in never-smokers in the general population. Aims To compare the characteristics associated with COPD by gender and by severity of airway obstruction in never-smokers and in ever-smokers. Method We analysed the data from 5176 adults aged 40 years and older who participated in the initial cross-sectional phase of the population-based, prospective, multisite Canadian Cohort of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Never-smokers were defined as those with a lifetime exposure of <1/20 pack year. Logistic regressions were constructed to evaluate associations for ‘mild’ and ‘moderate-severe’ COPD defined by FEV1/FVC <5th centile (lower limits of normal). Analyses were performed using SAS V.9. 1 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA). Results The prevalence of COPD (FEV1/FVC<lower limits of normal) in never-smokers was 6.4%, constituting 27% of all COPD subjects. The common independent predictors of COPD in never-smokers and ever-smokers were older age, self reported asthma and lower education. In never-smokers a history of hospitalisation in childhood for respiratory illness was discriminative, while exposure to passive smoke and biomass fuel for heating were discriminative for women. COPD in never-smokers and ever-smokers was characterised by increased respiratory symptoms, ‘respiratory exacerbation’ events and increased residual volume/total lung capacity, but only smokers had reduced DLCO/Va and emphysema on chest CT scans. Conclusions The study confirmed the substantial burden of COPD among never-smokers, defined the common and gender-specific risk factors for COPD in never-smokers and provided early insight into potential phenotypical differences in COPD between lifelong never-smokers and ever-smokers. Trial registration number NCT00920348 (ClinicalTrials.gov); study ID number: IRO-93326.
Evidence of a Role for Nonmuscle Myosin II in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Egress

ABSTRACT After cell entry, herpes simplex virus (HSV) particles are transported through the host cell cytoplasm to nuclear pores. Following replication, newly synthesized virus particles are transported back to the cell periphery via a complex pathway including a cytoplasmic phase involving some form of unenveloped particle. These various transport processes are likely to make use of one or more components of the cellular cytoskeletal systems and associated motor proteins. Here we report that the HSV type 1 (HSV-1) major tegument protein, VP22, interacts with the actin-associated motor protein nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA). HSV-1 infection resulted in reorganization of NMIIA, inducing retraction of NMIIA from the cell periphery and condensation into a spoke-like distribution around the nucleus along with a second effect of accumulation in a perinuclear cluster. VP22 did not appear to colocalize with the reorganized cagelike distribution of NMIIA. However, VP22 has been previously reported to localize in a perinuclear vesicular pattern, and significant overlap was observed between this pattern and the perinuclear clusters of NMIIA. Inhibition of the ATPase activity of NMIIA with the myosin-specific inhibitor butanedione monoxime impaired the formation of the perinuclear vesicular VP22 accumulations and also the release of virus into the extracellular medium while having much less effect on the yield of cell-associated virus. Virus infection frequently results in the induction of highly extended processes emanating from the infected cell, and we observed that VP22-containing particles line up along NMIIA-containing filaments which run through these protrusions.