Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Leaf Maximum Carboxylation Rate and Chlorophyll Content Preserved Across 13 Species

The leaf maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) is a crucial parameter in determining the photosynthetic capacity of plants. Providing accurate estimates of leaf Vcmax, that cover large geographic areas and incorporate plant seasonality is central to correctly predicting carbon fluxes within the terrestrial global carbon cycle. Chlorophyll, as the main photon‐harvesting molecule in leaves, is closely linked to plant photosynthesis. However, how the nature of the relationship between the leaf maximum carboxylation rate (scaled to 25°C; Vcmax,25) and leaf chlorophyll content varies according to plant type is uncertain. In this study, we investigate whether a universal and stable relationship exists between leaf Vcmax,25 and leaf chlorophyll content across different plant types and verify it using field experiments. Measurements of leaf chlorophyll content (Chl) and CO2 response curves were made on 283 crop, shrub, tree, and vegetable leaves, across 13 species, in China and southern Ontario, Canada. A strong relationship was found between the leaf Vcmax,25 and chlorophyll content across different plant types (R2 = 0.65, p < 0.001). Cross‐validation showed that the model performs well, producing an RMSE value of 15.4 μmol m−2 s−1. The results confirm that leaf chlorophyll content can be a reliable proxy for estimating Vcmax,25, opening the door to accurate, spatially continuous estimates of Vcmax,25 at the global scale.
Effects of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a substitute to antibiotic on growth performance, immune function, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology of broilers

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of live yeast (LY, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune function, antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 224, 1 day-old broilers were assigned 4 treatments (7 replications, 8 chicks each) and fed a basal diet control group (CTR); antibiotic group (CTC) fed the basal diets with chlortetracycline at 75 mg/kg; LY-1 and LY-2 groups treated the basal diets with LY at 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. Final body weight was greater (p < 0.05) in LY-2 group compared with the CTR. Crude protein retention was higher (p < 0.05) in both LY groups than that of the CTR. After immunization of birds with Newcastle diseases and Infectious bursal disease vaccine, the antibody titers were higher (p < 0.05) in LY-2 fed group than the CTR or CTC on day 35. Super oxide dismutase and catalase enzyme values were increased (p < 0.05) in LY groups than those of the CTR on day 42. Total cholesterol was lower (p < 0.05) in the LY-2 group than the CTR on day 42. Villus height in jejunum and ileum was higher (p < 0.05) in the LY-2 fed group than the CTR. Live yeast can be useful as a possible alternative to antibiotics in broilers.
The Effect of Problem Based Module for Sampling Technique Courses Toward College Student Problem Solving Behaviour; Case Study in Indonesia

This study aims to look at the effectiveness of problem-based modules in lectures on Sampling Techniques toward problem-solving behavior. A module can also be used by using an e-learning platform if the lecturer cannot face-to-face because the modules designed can be used independently by college students because they contain material, examples, guided exercises, independent exercises, and answer keys. The subjects of this study were 26 college students from one of the private universities in Indonesia. The study used a One-Shot Case Study design. Data collection is done through a final Problem-Solving test, open interview, video analysis. Data were analyzed using a t-test and problem-solving behavior rubric. Based on the results of the study concluded that was the use of the Sampling Technique module in lectures affected college student problem-solving behavior. This means that the problem-based sampling technique module is effectively used in studies.
A study on the optimization of photocatalytic removal of enrofloxacin using TiO2 material

Nowadays, antibiotics are used with increasing frequency to meet the needs of human life. The excretion of humans and animals in the livestock industry into the environment generates emerging pollutants with a potentially high risk for cancer, antibiotic resistance, and ecological imbalance. Among strategy for antibiotic removal, advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis using TiO2 material is a promising technology. This study is aimed to optimize the operational factors for removing enrofloxacin from water using TiO2 photocatalyst under UV-A irradiation. The experiments were designed with 30 experiments and 6 center repetitions to test the effects of initial enrofloxacin concentration, catalyst dosage, reaction time, and solution pH on the treatment performance. An optimal condition was found at the catalytic dosage of 1.0811 g/L, the initial enrofloxacin concentration of 21.405 mg/L, pH 5.946, and the reaction time of 120 min. Under these conditions, the enrofloxacin was almost eliminated. It can be concluded that the photocatalysis with TiO2 is fully capable of thoroughly treating enrofloxacin in water.
Service quality, satisfaction and users’ continuance intention to use e-campus: A mediation analysis

The continued use of the information system would ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of a given program. Since the deployment of the system will cost a lot of funds, continuous use is not an option. However little is known about the role satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between service quality and continuance intention. Accordingly, this research will identify a mediation role of satisfaction which in turn contribute to the adoption of the e-campus. Data were collected from 500 undergraduate and postgraduate students from private university in Kuantan Malaysia using a validated set of questionnaire. A bootstrapping procedure has been performed to examine the mediation hypothesis. The results indicate that satisfaction plays a significant role as a mediator of such relationship. Implications from this results are further discussed.
Development of an intelligent controller for robot-aided assessment and treatment guidance in physical medicine and rehabilitation

In this study, an intelligent controller was developed for a rehabilitation robot called DIAGNOBOT, which can be used for assessment and treatment in the rehabilitation of wrist and forearm. The controller has a decision support system structure strengthened with conventional statistical methods and databases. The controller uses the patient’s biomechanical parameters to make an assessment and proposes a treatment in line with this. In accordance with the recommended treatment, it produces the control parameters, torque, and position information for the control of the rehabilitation robot. The system’s ability of assessment and treatment was tested with voluntary patients. Through these test studies, the treatments recommended by the developed intelligent controller have been proven to have a very high rate of accuracy.
Human Gait Cycle Classification Improvements Using Median and Root Mean Square Filters Based on EMG Signals

Human walking is an important and intuitive operation in daily life, but it is different for people missing this ability. Recognizing human gait cycle portions during walking is very useful for understanding the biomechanics of the muscles, pre-disease’s diagnosis, and designing lower limb prosthetics. The normal gait cycle is divided into stance and swing phases. In this work, benchmarking of several classification techniques is performed, based on electromyography (EMG) data collected from seven lower limb muscles, with the gait cycle phase used as a target vector to label the EMG data. The dataset is split into a training set used to build a statistical model using a specified classification technique, and a test set for purpose of testing a pre-generated statistical model. EMG signals are unfortunately normally corrupted with noise, which drastically reduces their classification performance. A median filter and root mean square (RMS) filter were thus applied to the raw EMG signals, and the performance of the classification techniques calculated in all cases for the raw EMG, EMG with median filter, and EMG with RMS filters for comparison purposes. The use of filters offered good enhancement in the classification process. The median filtered EMG signal performed best and gave higher accuracy than the raw EMG and RMS filtered EMG signals due to the technique’s efficacy in removing outliers. This work also offers a simple explanation of each classifier algorithm used, and a graphical feature selection was also applied to all seven muscles of interest to identify the muscle with the most influence on the gait cycle. The Rectus Femoris muscle shows the best activity separation between swing and stance phases, working mainly during the swing phase; this higher activity during the swing phase thus caused it to be identified as the muscle with the most influence over the normal gait cycle.
On the proper type designation for Camelina microcarpa, a wild relative and possible progenitor of the crop species C. sativa (Brassicaceae)

Abstract Mosyakin, S.L. & J.R. Brock (2021). On the proper type designation for Camelina microcarpa, a wild relative and possible progenitor of the crop species C. sativa (Brassicaceae). In English, English abstract. Candollea 76: 55–63. The proper type designation of the name Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. (Brassicaceae) is discussed. This taxon is currently considered to be a wild relative and possible progenitor of the oilseed crop Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, and thus the proper typification of the name C. microcarpa is important for further germplasm research and improvement of the crop species. At present, several (at least four) specimens deposited in herbaria G-DC, KW, and LE, are listed in literature and/or annotated in herbaria or online databases as the type (holotype or lectotype) of C. microcarpa. The original material deposited in G-DC [G00203789] is accepted here as the holotype of C. microcarpa because it appears to be the only original element used by Candolle when preparing his description of the new taxon. Isotypes from the Besser herbarium at the National Herbarium of Ukraine in Kyiv (KW-BESS) are discussed and illustrated. It is concluded that the holotype from G-DC and two well-preserved isotypes from KW-BESS [KW001003103, KW001003104] are sufficient for precise morphology-based application of the name C. microcarpa. Our analysis provided evidence that original material was collected by Andrzejowski no later than 1818 in the Podolian Governorate of the former Russian Empire, most probably in the eastern part of Moldova or adjacent southwestern parts of Ukraine, along the Dnister (Nistru, Dniester) River between the present-day town of Camenca (Kamenka) and the confluence of the Dnister and Yagorlyk (Iagorlîc) rivers, probably on limestone outcrops. It means that the type of C. microcarpa may belong to the southern Ukrainian populations, which are genetically different from northern and central Ukrainian ones; however, further field and molecular studies are needed because more than one genotype may in fact occur in that area. Received: August 7, 2020; Accepted: November 26, 2020; First published online: February 1, 2021
The Impact of Social Media Advertisement on Children Consuming Behavior: Case of yogurt products in Morocco

Social media is represent a selection of platforms used by advertisements targeting all kinds of consumers. In 2019 ‘’TotallyAwesome’’ showed that, 90% of children between the ages of 4 and 12 use social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. Considering that, children are considered as the primary target group by companies in the given communication. In 2017, the American Psychological Association report shows that spending time on social media by children has an impact on their consuming behavior toward products and brands. This paper aims to study the influence of social media advertisement on children consuming behavior toward dairy products, more specifically yogurt in Morocco. We will focus on the time spent on Social media, the visual advertisement, the sound advertisement and their influence on the children’s daily yogurt consumption for a sample of 528 kids. T he results showed that the time spent on Social Media has a positive impact on the children's yogurt consumption. Also, children seem to be more influenced by sound advertising more than the visual one. Compared to the advertisement on TV, the advertisement in Social Media has more impacts on children's consumption behavior.
A Review Study for Measurement, Analysis and Evaluation Four Bar Polycentric Knee

When a transfemoral amputee missing his knee joint, a polycentric mechanism is used as technical substitute to restore the gait function. The motion ability of transfemoral amputee is dependent on the performance of prosthetic knee. Recent results on the kinematic analysis of four-bar polycentric knee mechanism are reviewed in this article. Different experimental tests on data of above-knee prosthetic limb such as F-socket, gait analysis, ground reaction force, static loading, fatigue life and static prosthetic alignment, etc., were used to analyse the gait cycle and to improve the comfortability of amputee after using prosthetic limb, and to increase the stability of prosthetic knee after using. Finally, the optimization techniques included selection of the optimum dimension of polycentric knee is dependent on the data of ICR trajectory estimated from kinematic analysis of four-bar mechanism. These optimization techniques have significant effect on improving the mechanical properties of polycentric knee and reducing its cost.
Temperature dependence of reliability characteristics for magnetic tunnel junctions with a thin MgO dielectric film

Temperature dependence of the reliability characteristics of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a thin (∼1 nm thick) MgO dielectric film were investigated by numerical analyses based on the E-model, 1/E-model, and power-law voltage V-model, as well as by measuring time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) degradation. Although the tunneling process giving rise to TDDB is still under debate, the temperature dependence of TDDB was much weaker using the 1/E model than the E-model or power-law model. The TDDB data measured experimentally in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB MTJ devices also showed rather weak temperature dependence, in good agreement with the numerical results obtained from the 1/E-model considering the self-heating effect in MTJ devices. Moreover, we confirmed by interval voltage stress tests that some degradation in the MgO dielectric layer occurred. Based on our findings, we suggest that to characterize the reliability of MTJs, combined temperature measurements of TDDB and 1/E-model analyses taking the self-heating effect into account should be performed.
Effect of method of synthesis on antifungal ability of ZnO nanoparticles: Chemical route vs green route

To compare the antifungal effect of two nanomaterials (NMs), nanoparticles of zinc oxide were synthesized by a chemical route and zinc oxide-based nanobiohybrids were obtained using green synthesis in an extract of garlic (Allium sativum). The techniques of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopies and Scanning (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopies (TEM) were used to determine the characteristics of the nanomaterials synthesized. The results showed that the samples obtained were of nanometric size (< 100 nm). To compare their antifungal capacity, their effect on Cercospora sp. was evaluated. Test results showed that both nanomaterials had an antifungal capacity. The nanobiohybrids (green route) gave an inhibition of fungal growth of ˜72.4% while with the ZnO-NPs (chemical route), inhibition was ˜87.1%. Microstructural studies using High Resolution Optical Microscopy (HROM) and ultra-structural analysis using TEM carried out on the treated strains demonstrated the effect of the nanofungicides on the vegetative and reproductive structures, as well as on their cell wall. To account for the antifungal effect presented by ZnO-NPs and ZnO nanobiohybrids on the fungi tested, effects reported in the literature related to the action of nanomaterials on biological entities were considered. Specifically, we discuss the electrical interaction of the ZnO-NPs with the cell membrane and the biomolecules (proteins) present in the fungi, taking into account the n-type nature of the ZnO semiconductor and the electrical behavior of the fungal cell membrane and that of the proteins that make up the protein crown.
Distribution Intensity and Purchase Behavior-mediating Role of Brand Equity in Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs): An Emerging Markets Perspective

The purpose of this research study is to investigate the relationship between distribution intensity and purchase behavior of customers in the downstream petroleum industry in Ghana mediated by brand equity. Brand equity components are brand perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association, and brand loyalty. The study revealed that there is a positive relationship between distribution intensity and purchase behavior through brand equity. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the relationship among channel location, store availability (distribution intensity), and brand equity (brand loyalty, perceived quality, brand association and brand awareness) and purchase behavior. The study revealed that brand equity mediates the relationship between distribution intensity and purchase behavior in the oil marketing companies (OMCs) in Ghana. This study extends the applicability of brand equity as a mediating variable to enhance the impact of location and service mart availability on purchasing behavior of customers. Additionally, this study provides an in-depth understanding of how the various components of brand equity of OMCs brands contribute to drive consumption experience and continual usage of OMC channels in Ghana. This study is based on a cross-sectional design, and since user behavior may change over time, a longitudinal study will be useful in the future.
A novel solder joint diagnosis algorithm using differential geometry approach in high-density flexible integrated circuit substrates

To provide a system with high-density solder joint 3D information acquisition and improve the comprehensive performance of automatic optical inspection systems, a novel diagnosis system for solder joints of high-density flexible integrated circuit substrates is proposed in this paper. The differential geometry principle is introduced to analyze the appearance identity of solder joints, and the diagnosis is handled as a pattern-recognition problem with the Frenet frame-matching approach. First, a high-precision 3D information-acquisition system constituted of two CCD digital cameras, each with a microscope and a three-color LED illumination, is developed. Second, a discrete estimation scheme based on the differential geometry theory is proposed to achieve curvature measurement, and then the shape of the solder joints is characterized by the crest line representation method. Finally, the classification strategy is to establish different models of solder joint types and make a decision based on a set of the predefined diagnosis rules. By inspecting various types of solder joints and comparing with other typical algorithms, the performance of the proposed system is evaluated. The experiment results indicate that the proposed algorithm has advantages of fast inspection speed, low misjudgment rate, which is reduced to 2.2%, and detailed classification.
The effect of feeding antioxidant rich coffee on glucose blood response, MDA and SOD on diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin

This study aimed to examine the effects of antioxidant rich coffee on blood pressure, glucose blood response, levels of MDA and SOD serum, and liver tissue of Wistar diabetic rats. The study used 24 Wistar rats in which 18 rats were induced with Streptozotocin of 60 mg/kg BW for 4 days to make them diabetic (fasting blood glucose level >250 mg/dL). Rats than divided into 4 groups: 1) control group (non-diabetic group), given distilled water, 2) diabetic control group, given sugar cane coffee of 0.45 gram/200 g BW/day, 3) diabetic group, given antioxidant rich coffee of 0.45 g/200 g BW/day, 4) diabetic group, given antioxidant rich coffee of 0.90 gram/200g BW/day. Weekly observations were made on blood pressure, fasting blood sugar levels, body weight and blood pressure, as well as serum and tissue levels of SOD and MDA. The results showed that coffee rich in antioxidant significantly reduced oxidative stress in diabetic rats with lower blood pressure, serum MDA values, and the tissue MDA value than that in the diabetic rats given sugar cane coffee. This illustrates that consuming 0.90 g/day antioxidant rich coffee in mice, or the equivalent of 60 g/day in humans, can reduce oxidative stress in diabetes.
Seasonal Prediction of Arctic Summer Sea Ice Concentration from a Partial Least Squares Regression Model

The past decade has witnessed a rapid decline in the Arctic sea ice and therefore has raised a rising demand for sea ice forecasts. In this study, based on an analysis of long-term Arctic summer sea ice concentration (SIC) and global sea surface temperature (SST) datasets, a physical–empirical (PE) partial least squares regression (PLSR) model is presented in order to predict the summer SIC variability around the key areas of the Arctic shipping route. First, the main SST modes closely associated with sea ice anomalies are found by the PLSR method. Then, a prediction model is reasonably established on the basis of these PLSR modes. We investigate the performance of the PE PLSR model by examining its reproducibility of the seasonal SIC variability. Results show that the proposed model turns out promising prediction reliability and accuracy for Arctic summer SIC change, thus providing a reference for the further study of Arctic SIC variability and global climate change.
The “Right” History: Religion, Race, and Nostalgic Stories of Christian America

A wide range of right-wing movements are bound together by their adherence to a nostalgic vision of the United States as a “Christian nation,” yet there are meaningful differences in the specific narratives promoted by these groups that are not fully understood. This article identifies two ideal-typical versions of this narrative: the white Christian nation and the colorblind Judeo-Christian nation. The two narratives share a common declension structure, but differ in their framing of how religion and race intersect as markers of American belonging and power. Although participants in right-wing movements often slide back and forth between the two narratives in practice, distinguishing between them analytically enables us to better understand how the two renderings of American history carry different meanings and perform different kinds of political work for participants in these movements. Theoretically, the analysis extends the insights of a “complex religion” approach to sites beyond organized religion, while also demonstrating how scholarship on Christian nationalism and on right-wing movements’ use of national history could each be enhanced by greater attention to the other.