Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of dietary assessment methods in nutritional epidemiology: weighed records v. 24 h recalls, food-frequency questionnaires and estimated-diet records

Women (n 160) aged 50 to 65 years were asked to weigh their food for 4 d on four occasions over the period of 1 year, using the PETRA (Portable Electronic Tape Recorded Automatic) scales. Throughout the year, they were asked to complete seven other dietary assessment methods: a simple 24 h recall, a structured 24 h recall with portion size assessments using photographs, two food-frequency questionnaires, a 7 d estimated record or open-ended food diary, a structured food-frequency (menu) record, and a structured food-frequency (menu) record with portion sizes assessed using photographs. Comparisons between the average of the 16 d weighed records and the first presentation of each method indicated that food-frequency questionnaires were not appreciably better at placing individuals in the distribution of habitual diet than 24 h recalls, due partly to inaccuracies in the estimation of frequency of food consumption. With a 7 d estimated record or open-ended food diary, however, individual values of nutrients were most closely associated with those obtained from 16 d weighed records, and there were no significant differences in average food or nutrient intakes.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis resistance in a syngenic mouse tumor model

During cancer therapy with DNA‐damaging drug‐agents, the development of secondary resistance to apoptosis can be observed. In the search for novel therapeutic approaches that can be used in these cases, we monitored chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis resistance in a syngenic mouse tumor model. For this, syngenic murine colorectal carcinoma cells, which stably expressed a FRET‐based caspase‐3 activity sensor, were introduced into animals to induce peritoneal carcinomatosis or disseminated hepatic metastases. This syngenic system allowed in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo analysis of chemotherapy induced apoptosis induction by optically monitoring the caspase‐3 sensor state in the tumor cells. Tumor tissue analysis of 5‐FU treated mice showed the selection of 5‐FU‐induced apoptosis resistant tumor cells. These and chemo‐naive fluorescent tumor cells could be re‐isolated from treated and untreated mice and propagated in cell culture. Re‐exposure to 5‐FU and second line treatment modalities in this ex‐vivo setting showed that 5‐FU induced apoptosis resistance could be alleviated by imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). We thus show that syngenic mouse systems that stably express a FRET‐based caspase‐3 sensor can be employed to analyse the therapeutic efficiency of apoptosis inducing chemotherapy.
Axonal disruption and aberrant localization of tau protein characterize the neuropil pathology of Alzheimer's disease

The microtubule‐associated protein tau, a major antigenic component of paired helical filaments, has been demonstrated in neurofibrillary tangles and in neurites of senile plaques. With optimal fixation and histochemical methods, we show the normal axonal location of tau protein in human cerebral cortex and the striking alterations of tau distribution that affect the cortical neuropil in Alzheimer's disease. Normally, cortical tau‐immunoreactive fiber bundles form a pattern resembling that seen with myelin stains. The prominence of white matter staining suggests that tau may be especially enriched in projection systems. Alzheimer's disease causes massive axonal disruption and the dislocation of tau protein from its usual axonal domain into neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and presynaptic regions. The normal pattern of axonal staining in cortex is disrupted and white matter staining is reduced. Prominent abnormal tau‐immunoreactive neuropil fibers are densely present even in cortical regions without classical neurofibrillary tangle and senile plaque formation. The striking neuropil abnormalities, revealed by the aberrant localization of tau protein, are likely to contribute to neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
FULSOME: a fuzzy logic modeling tool for software metricians

There has been a growing body of literature suggesting that some of the problems faced by software development project managers can be at least partially overcome by using fuzzy logic techniques. However, one issue that has been generally overlooked in this recommendation is the means by which these "software metricians" can collect data for, develop, and interpret fuzzy logic models in practice. We describe a freely available system that has been built with this in mind called FULSOME (FUzzy Logic for SOftware MEtrics). While there are many tools available for developing fuzzy models, it is suggested that before there will be real adoption of such techniques by project managers there will need to be suitable tools that support their particular workflows and that use appropriate terminology. Another requirement will be the development of some standard procedures and definitions for such models. Issues involved with membership function elicitation and extraction are also discussed as a first step towards this second goal.
Structural basis for substrate specificity and catalysis of human histone acetyltransferase 1

Histone acetyltransferase 1 is the founding member of the histone acetyltransferase superfamily and catalyzes lysine acetylation of newly synthesized histone H4. Here we report a 1.9-Å resolution crystal structure of human histone acetyltransferase 1 in complex with acetyl coenzyme A and histone H4 peptide. The crystal structure reveals that the cofactor and the side chain of lysine 12 of histone H4 peptide are placed in the canyon between the central and C-terminal domains. Histone H4 peptide adopts a well-defined conformation and establishes an extensive set of interactions with the enzyme including invariant residues Glu64 and Trp199, which together govern substrate-binding specificity of histone acetyltransferase 1. Our structure-guided enzyme kinetic study further demonstrates a cumulative effect of the active-site residues Glu187, Glu276, and Asp277 on deprotonation of the ɛ-amino group of reactive Lys12 for direct attack of the acetyl group of the cofactor.
Lipoprotein(a) levels in children and adolescents with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To determine lipoprotein(a) in children and adolescents with IDDM and assess its relation with Lp(a) levels in their first degree relatives. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study we included 141 IDDM patients, (58 male and 83 female) with mean ages 12.2 +/- 2.8 and 12.6 +/- 3.1 years, respectively. Patients with microalbuminuria, hepatopathy, thyroid dysfunction, infectious disease, acute decompensation or surgery three months prior to the study, were excluded. Clinical history, physical examination, blood chemistry, glycosilated hemoglobin, microalbuminuria and lipid profile including total cholesterol triglycerides, HDL-C, Apo A-I, Apo B and Lp(a) were determined. Parents and non-diabetic siblings were also studied when feasible. RESULTS Mean plasma concentration of total cholesterol, HDL-C and Apo A-I were significantly higher in diabetic boys compared to their non-diabetic sibs. Mean Lp(a) plasma values and the prevalence of Lp(a) > 30 mg/dL were similar in the IDDM patients, their healthy sibs and parents. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were more frequent among the IDDM patients. No correlation was found between HbA1, and Lp(a) concentrations. However, a correlation was observed between Lp(a) plasma concentrations of parents and their diabetic and healthy offspring. CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus does not seem to affect Lp(a) levels. These data are consistent with a genetic regulation of Lp(a) plasma levels.
Phrasal Paraphrase Based Question Reformulation for Archived Question Retrieval

Lexical gap in cQA search, resulted by the variability of languages, has been recognized as an important and widespread phenomenon. To address the problem, this paper presents a question reformulation scheme to enhance the question retrieval model by fully exploring the intelligence of paraphrase in phrase-level. It compensates for the existing paraphrasing research in a suitable granularity, which either falls into fine-grained lexical-level or coarse-grained sentence-level. Given a question in natural language, our scheme first detects the involved key-phrases by jointly integrating the corpus-dependent knowledge and question-aware cues. Next, it automatically extracts the paraphrases for each identified key-phrase utilizing multiple online translation engines, and then selects the most relevant reformulations from a large group of question rewrites, which is formed by full permutation and combination of the generated paraphrases. Extensive evaluations on a real world data set demonstrate that our model is able to characterize the complex questions and achieves promising performance as compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Speech Activities in Tahlequah, Cherokee Nation, During the Seventies.

During the 1870's Indians residing in the vicinity of Tahlequah, the western capital of the Cherokee Nation, attended and participated in school and community speech activities comparable to those popular in the United States in the same period. This study reports the Tahlequah activities, noting their origin and the implications of their growth and influence for the Nation. Early Cherokee tribal accomplishments are chronicled in the study to provide a background for the development of speech activities. Particularly significant advances include acceptance of the Christian religion and estab­ lishment of churches and schools, perfection of an alphabet for writing the Indian language, establishment of a republican form of government with a written constitution, and publication of a bilingual weekly newspaper. Two periods of hardship and suffering were especially difficult. The first tribal ordeal was their forced exodus to an unsettled western wilderness. The second crisis, the Civil War, left the land of the red men in ruins. By the 1870' s Cherokees launched into a period of development that was a high point of their cultural growth. Religion and education contributed to advancement, as did
Interaction between saquinavir soft-gel and rifabutin in patients infected with HIV.

AIMS To evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir and rifabutin. METHODS Fourteen HIV-infected patients provided full steady-state pharmacokinetic profiles following administration of rifabutin alone (300 mg once daily) or saquinavir soft-gel formulation (1200 mg three times daily) plus rifabutin (300 mg once daily) in this open label, partially randomized study. RESULTS Coadministration of saquinavir and rifabutin resulted in a reduction in saquinavir AUC(0,8 h) and C(max)(0,8 h) of 47% (95% CI 30, 60%) and 39% (95% CI 11, 59%), respectively. Rifabutin AUC(0,24 h) and C(max)(0,24 h) was increased by an average of 44% (95% CI 17, 78%) and 45% (95% CI 14, 85%), respectively. Saquinavir in combination with rifabutin was well tolerated. Gastrointestinal intolerance and asymptomatic increases in liver enzymes were the only adverse events of note. CONCLUSIONS Administration of rifabutin with saquinavir may decrease the efficacy of this HIV protease inhibitor.
ILAE Commission on the Burden of Epilepsy, Subcommission on the Economic Burden of Epilepsy: Final Report 1998–2001

*School of Public Health, University of Texas-Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. ; †Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; ‡Epilepsy Research and Services, Chatswood, Australia; §Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, England; Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, U.S.A. ; §§Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Zurich, Switzerland; **Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; ††Department of Neurology, Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A; and ‡‡Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
Centros Especiales de Empleo

En el siguiente informe se realiza un exhaustivo repaso del desarrollo normativo de los CEEs en Espana desde la publicacion de la LISMI (1982), profundizando en sus caracteristicas mas significativas. Ademas, como entidades de pleno derecho de la Economia Social y tomando en consideracion sus principios fundamentales, se realiza un analisis comparativo y detallado sobre el cumplimiento de los mismos por parte de los CEEs de iniciativa social; en este sentido, y como conclusion al citado analisis se propone una revision de la Ley de Economia Social con el objetivo de adaptar la misma a la realidad actual del sector de empleo protegido. Finalmente, se detalla algunos retos y aspectos a mejorar del actual modelo de empleabilidad para personas con discapacidad en Espana, liderado por los CEEs de iniciativa social
Hearty slices to plan for future health.

Clinical trials have shown that heart function can only be moderately improved by injection of stem cells.1,2 Gains to date are most likely the result of increased wall stiffness and angiogenesis rather than generation of new, beating myocytes.3–5 Poor results could be due to the number and kind of cells used, the timing and method of delivery, lack of engraftment in an inhospitable local environment, general immune responses, and many more variables. Thus, although the current approach has been responsive to public pressure to rush to translate new ideas to a cure, the lack of a sound foundation in the basics makes the failure of stem cell therapy to date unsurprising. Working with whole animals is a most difficult way to learn because so much is beyond the control of the experimentalist and assays are limited. It is clear that experimental platforms are required to provide the rational groundwork before future cell therapy trials for cardiovascular disease are carried out. It is a pleasure to find a simple new platform of an in vitro beating heart model for long-term assessment of experimental therapeutics in this issue by Monville's … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 312 413 0407; fax: +1 312 996 6312. E-mail address : russell{at}uic.edu
Hierarchical surface atomic structure of a manganese-based spinel cathode for lithium-ion batteries.

The increasing use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in high-power applications requires improvement of their high-temperature electrochemical performance, including their cyclability and rate capability. Spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) is a promising cathode material because of its high stability and abundance. However, it exhibits poor cycling performance at high temperatures owing to Mn dissolution. Herein we show that when stoichiometric lithium manganese oxide is coated with highly doped spinels, the resulting epitaxial coating has a hierarchical atomic structure consisting of cubic-spinel, tetragonal-spinel, and layered structures, and no interfacial phase is formed. In a practical application of the coating to doped spinel, the material retained 90% of its capacity after 800 cycles at 60 °C. Thus, the formation of an epitaxial coating with a hierarchical atomic structure could enhance the electrochemical performance of LIB cathode materials while preventing large losses in capacity.
The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents: A Review of the Research

The recent proliferation of Internet-enabled technology has significantly changed the way adolescents encounter and consume sexually explicit material. Once confined to a personal computer attached to a telephone line, the Internet is now available on laptops, mobile phones, video game consoles, and other electronic devices. With the growth of the Internet has come easier and more ubiquitous access to pornography. The purpose of this article was to review the recent (i.e., 2005 to present) literature regarding the impact of Internet pornography on adolescents. Specifically, this literature review examined the impact of Internet pornography on sexual attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and sexual aggression. The authors also discuss the literature related to the influence of sexually explicit Internet material on self-concept, body image, social development, as well as the expanding body of research on adolescent brain function and physical development. Finally, recommendations for future research were discussed, based on this literature review.
Generation of nasalized speech sounds based on branched tube models obtained from separate mouth and nose outputs

A new approach is discussed for the analysis and generation of nasalized speech sounds considering separate mouth and nose outputs. The mouth and nose signals are separated by an insulating panel encircling the head of the speaker. The separated signals are analyzed by a branched tube model each. The model parameters are estimated from the mouth and nose signals by iterative inverse filtering. The resulting areas are used for artificial nasalization of speech signals of nonnasalized vowels. The nonnasalized vowel is analyzed by an unbranched tube model which is extended by the results from the previous analysis of mouth and nose signals. For artificial nasalization, the enlarged model consists of a superposition of two branched tube models representing the mouth and nose signals which are excited by residual signals. Depending on the degree of mixture of mouth and nose signals, the effect of nasalization is very perceivable.
Evaluación del estado del proceso de desminado en Colombia, utilizando métodos interactivos, analíticos y estadísticos (Dashboard)

Colombia es uno de los paises mas afectados por las minas antipersona (MAP), los artefactos explosivos improvisados (AEI) y las municiones sin explotar (MUSE), sin embargo en la literatura no se encuentran disponibles indicadores que permitan establecer el estado del proceso de desminado; por tal motivo en este trabajo se desarrollo un Cuadro de Mando Unificado DashBoard interactivo en entorno Web a partir de programacion en R, de tal forma que los indicadores del proceso de desminado en Colombia fueran facil de presentar, de forma resumida y comprensible para cualquier audiencia -- En este trabajo se encontro que en la mayoria de los reportes bibliograficos consultados se favorece el desminado con equipos mecanicos y combinaciones entre mecanico y manual, sin embargo Colombia fue el pais que mostro una mayor tendencia en el uso de metodos manuales, esto debido principalmente a las condiciones topograficas de los terrenos minados -- En el metanalisis se encontro que de acuerdo a Buc & Tillery [5] y el CENAM [10], en los paises de Mozambique y Colombia, la tecnica mas prevalente corresponde al desminado Manual (Valor-P = 0.0036); mientras que para Daniels & Curtis [4] reporta tendencias crecientes de desminado mecanico en Bosnia, Cambodia y Angola (Valor-p >0.05). Comparando Colombia con Mozambique, se encontro que las tecnicas propuestas por Buc & Tillery [5] presentan eficiencias altas y una duracion de despeje proporcional al tiempo de duracion en Colombia, adicional se evidencia que la tecnica ASTAMIDS ® es menos costosa que la manual con detector de metales utilizada en Colombia, por lo que la deja como alternativa emplear dicha tecnica en Colombia y la posibilidad de que las autoridades militares exploren el uso de este tipo de tecnicas para complementar el desminado manual -- La evaluacion de indicadores nacionales, refleja que Colombia no cuenta con la tecnologia apropiada para enfrentar el problema de minas antipersona y artefactos explosivos improvisados; por lo que el meta analisis, permite recomendar el uso de la tecnologia de radares terrestres y sistemas aereos
Real-time image smoke detection using staircase searching-based dual threshold AdaBoost and dynamic analysis

It is very challenging to accurately detect smoke from images because of large variances of smoke colour, textures, shapes and occlusions. To improve performance, the authors combine dual threshold AdaBoost with staircase searching technique to propose and implement an image smoke detection method. First, extended Haar-like features and statistical features are efficiently extracted from integral images from both intensity and saturation components of RGB images. Then, a dual threshold AdaBoost algorithm with a staircase searching technique is proposed to classify the features of smoke for smoke detection. The staircase searching technique aims at keeping consistency of training and classifying as far as possible. Finally, dynamic analysis is proposed to further validate the existence of smoke. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system has a good robustness in terms of early smoke detection and low false alarm rate, and it can detect smoke from videos with size of 320 × 240 in real time.
Large Portions Encourage the Selection of Palatable Rather Than Filling Foods.

BACKGROUND Portion size is an important driver of larger meals. However, effects on food choice remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to identify how portion size influences the effect of palatability and expected satiety on choice. METHODS In Study 1, adult participants (n = 24, 87.5% women) evaluated the palatability and expected satiety of 5 lunchtime meals and ranked them in order of preference. Separate ranks were elicited for equicaloric portions from 100 to 800 kcal (100-kcal steps). In Study 2, adult participants (n = 24, 75% women) evaluated 9 meals and ranked 100-600 kcal portions in 3 contexts (scenarios), believing that 1) the next meal would be at 1900, 2) they would receive only a bite of one food, and 3) a favorite dish would be offered immediately afterwards. Regression analysis was used to quantify predictors of choice. RESULTS In Study 1, the extent to which expected satiety and palatability predicted choice was highly dependent on portion size (P < 0.001). With smaller portions, expected satiety was a positive predictor, playing a role equal to palatability (100-kcal portions: expected satiety, β: 0.42; palatability, β: 0.46). With larger portions, palatability was a strong predictor (600-kcal portions: β: 0.53), and expected satiety was a poor or negative predictor (600-kcal portions: β: -0.42). In Study 2, this pattern was moderated by context (P = 0.024). Results from scenario 1 replicated Study 1. However, expected satiety was a poor predictor in both scenario 2 (expected satiety was irrelevant) and scenario 3 (satiety was guaranteed), and palatability was the primary driver of choice across all portions. CONCLUSIONS In adults, expected satiety influences food choice, but only when small equicaloric portions are compared. Larger portions not only promote the consumption of larger meals, but they encourage the adoption of food choice strategies motivated solely by palatability.
Singularities of Floquet scattering solution for large cell spacings

The Floquet moment method (FMM) is useful for computing the scattering by periodic structures composed of complex shaped cells. However, when the period s is larger than 0.5 /spl lambda/, the computed field is singular at the grating lobe angles. In this paper, we demonstrate that these singularities have nothing to do with grating lobes, which are a physical phenomenon. Rather, they are a mathematical artifice of the FMM. This is demonstrated by modeling a flat ground plane with the FMM. We use a strip grating for the transverse magnetic case. The physical structure under investigation does not have any grating lobes, however the singular behavior can be made to appear and disappear by adjusting the cell spacing of the periodic structure.