Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autistic disturbances of affective contact.

Leo Kanner published "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact" in 1943 in the journal Nervous Child . This article described the cases of eleven children with autism. Kanner described the behavior and upbringing of each child, aged two to eight, as well as the educational backgrounds of the children's parents. Though Eugen Bleuler, a professor at the University of Zürich and director of the Burghölzli Asylum in Zürich in Zürich, Switzerland in the early twentieth century, first used the term autism to describe of a symptom of schizophrenia, scientists cite Kanner's article as the first description of autism as a unique disease concept distinct from schizophrenia. One of the most cited articles about autism in the twentieth century, this article was the first to demarcate Kanner syndrome, which later called childhood autism. Researchers, including Kanner, eventually treated early infantile autism as a disorder resulting from abnormal development of the autistic children's brains. In 1938, Kanner began studying a small cohort of eleven children with similar behaviors in the Johns Hopkins clinic in Baltimore, Maryland. Donald, Frederick, Richard, Paul, Barbara, Virginia, Herbert, Alfred, Charles, John, and Elaine became the first children described with Kanner Syndrome, later called early infantile autism. In "Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact," Kanner describes each child's preoccupation with objects, monotonous repetitions, insistence on consistency, and deficiencies of language, among other behaviors. He also described the child's home life, socioeconomic and educational background of the parents, and the parents' chief complaints about their children's behaviors. Many child psychologists used Kanner's observations to help them with their diagnoses. The article has four main parts. It has a single-paragraph introduction that contextualizes when and why the case studies were conducted. After the introduction, Kanner details each case, one after the other. The discussion section compiles the common features and differences between the cases. Finally, the comment section attempts to describe the impact these eleven case studies have on the field which later called childhood autism. Researchers, including Kanner, eventually treated early infantile autism as a disorder resulting from abnormal development of the autistic children's brains.
A Systematic Review of Socioeconomic Indicators and Dental Caries in Adults

Increasing evidence suggests that socioeconomic factors may be associated with an increased risk of dental caries. To provide better evidence of the association between dental caries in adults and socioeconomic indicators, we evaluated the relation between these two conditions in a thorough review of the literature. Seven databases were systematically searched: Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Bireme, Controlled Trials, Clinical Trials and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. No restrictions were placed on the language or year of publication. The search yielded 41 studies for systematic review. Two independent reviewers screened the studies for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The following socioeconomic indicators were found: educational level, income, occupation, socio-economic status and the community index. These indicators were significantly associated with a greater occurrence of dental caries: the subject’s education, subject’s income, subject’s occupation and the Gini coefficient. A high degree of heterogeneity was found among the methods. Quality varied across studies. The criteria employed for socioeconomic indicators and dental caries should be standardized in future studies. The scientific evidence reveals that educational level, income, occupation and the Gini coefficient are associated with dental caries.
Otto's criticisms of Schleiermacher

Abstract An assessment is made of Rudolf Otto's criticisms of Friedrich Schleiermacher's claim that religious feeling is to be interpreted as essentially involving a feeling of absolute dependence. Otto's criticisms are divided into two kinds. The first suggest that a feeling a dependence, even an absolute one, is the wrong sort of feeling to locate at the heart of religious consciousness. It is argued that this criticism is based on misinterpretations of Schleiermacher's view, which is in fact much closer to Otto's than the latter appreciated. The second kind of criticism suggests that the feeling of absolute dependence cannot play the foundational role assigned to it by Schleiermacher, since it is itself a secondary response. It is argued not only that Otto provides no justification for this criticism, but that Otto's own position is incoherent unless Schleiermacher's view is accepted.
Myogenic microvascular responses to change of transmural pressure. A mathematical approach.

The recently described static and dynamic myogenic responses in the sympathectomized skeletal muscle microvessels to a given transmural pressure (PT) change applied at different rates (dPT/dt) (Grände & Mellander 1978), were further analysed in this study with a mathematical approach. The hypothesis that myogenic reactions are triggered by and related to wall tension was also tested. The mathematical model was based on a force-equilibrium in the microvessel wall including passive forces related to vascular transmural pressure, elasticity, and wall-viscosity, and active myogenic forces related to wall tension and its rate of change. Great resemblance was demonstrated between microvascular resistance curves obtained with the model and corresponding curves observed in vivo, indicating that the model quite adequately can describe myogenic microvascular resistance responses to transmural pressure stimuli. The results support the myogenic hypothesis in general and, in particular, the concept of an important rate-sensitivity in myogenic microvascular control and are compatible with the view that myogenic reactions are triggered by and related to change of wall tension. The model, in addition, provided data for certain microvascular variables which are difficult to assess by in vivo observations, e.g. Young's modulus of elasticity, wall tension, its rate of change, and internal vessel radius, and it offered a means to define more precisely the role of physical factors like effects of Poiseuille's and Laplace's laws in vascular resistance regulation.
Love and rationality: on some possible rational effects of love

In this paper I defend the idea that rather than disrupting rationality, as the common-sense conception has done it, love may actually help us to develop rational ways of thinking and acting. I make the case for romantic or erotic love, since this is the kind of love that is more frequently associated with irrationality in acting and thinking. I argue that this kind of love may make us develop epistemic and practical forms of rationality. Based on an analysis of its characteristic action tendencies, I argue that love may help us to develop an instrumental form of rationality in determining the best means to achieve the object of love. It may also narrow down the number of practical considerations that may help us to achieve our goals. Finally, love may generate rational ways of belief-formation by framing the parameters taken into account in perception and attention, and by bringing into light only a small portion of the epistemic information available. Love may make us perceive reality more acutely.
Coverage Enhancement Through Fixed Repeater Network in UMTS

Providing 100% reliable radio coverage within their service area are very challenging task to mobile operators. Especially, in an area that experiences abnormal attenuation to radio frequency (RF) such as valley or man-made structure such as tunnel, subway station, or underground parking on the whole upset this goal. These areas need to be removed by enhancing the weak RF signal in these zones. Building a new base station (BS) in these areas is very uneconomical furthermore some of these areas where establishment a BS is impossible. Therefore the use of repeaters is a good alternative and cost effective to solve these problems. This paper will presents the simulation results of repeaters in 3rd generation (3G) mobile networks based on Wideband code division multiple access frequency division duplex (WCDMA FDD)
Detection of two HLA‐B*27 alleles, B*27:25 and B*27:86, in two Taiwanese blood donors by sequence‐based typing

We report here two HLA‐B*27 alleles, B*27:86 and B*27:25, found in two Taiwanese blood donors. The new sequence of B*27:86 is identical to B*27:04:01 in exons 2 and 3, except at nucleotide 602 (A→G) in exon 3. The nucleotide change caused an amino acid substitution from E to G at amino acid residue 177. The sequence of B*27:25 is identical to B*27:04:01 in exons 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 except at nucleotides 538, 539, 559 and 560 in exon 4. The nucleotide changes caused amino acid substitutions from L to W and from E to L at residues 156 and 163, respectively. The generation of B*27:86 was probably resulted by a point mutation while the generation of B*27:25 may have been derived from a sequence recombination event between B*46:01:01 and B*27:04:01. The probable HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 haplotypes in association with B*27:86 and B*27:25 may be deduced as A*11:53‐B*27:86‐DRB1*12 and A*11:01‐B*27:25‐DRB1*04:05, respectively.
Micronucleus formation causes perpetual unilateral chromosome inheritance in mouse embryos

Significance Early mammalian embryos frequently constitute a mixture of euploid and aneuploid cells, termed embryo mosaicism. Although this is considered a major cause of fertility problems, the mechanistic explanation for the mitotic errors that give rise to the aneuploid cells within mosaic embryos remains mysterious. Here using long-term live imaging of chromosome segregation in mouse embryos we show that individual chromosomes are frequently encapsulated within small nucleus-like structures called micronuclei. We show that micronucleus-enclosed chromosomes lack proper kinetochores and are therefore unable to be correctly segregated, causing them to be randomly inherited by just one of the daughter cells during subsequent embryonic cell divisions. This unexpected pattern of chromosome inheritance provides a novel explanation for mosaicism in early embryos. Chromosome segregation defects in cancer cells lead to encapsulation of chromosomes in micronuclei (MN), small nucleus-like structures within which dangerous DNA rearrangements termed chromothripsis can occur. Here we uncover a strikingly different consequence of MN formation in preimplantation development. We find that chromosomes from within MN become damaged and fail to support a functional kinetochore. MN are therefore not segregated, but are instead inherited by one of the two daughter cells. We find that the same MN can be inherited several times without rejoining the principal nucleus and without altering the kinetics of cell divisions. MN motion is passive, resulting in an even distribution of MN across the first two cell lineages. We propose that perpetual unilateral MN inheritance constitutes an unexpected mode of chromosome missegregation, which could contribute to the high frequency of aneuploid cells in mammalian embryos, but simultaneously may serve to insulate the early embryonic genome from chromothripsis.
A requirements pattern language for informing design

A pattern language for self aware adaptive systems is proposed as a high level systems architecture. More detailed patterns for two major components- sensing/monitoring and adapting/acting are described as architecture components. These components are set in the context of pattern languages from a separate viewpoint based on a generalisation specialisation hierarchy of abstract models for sensing and acting components. The discussion argues for pattern languages from different perspective as a means of organising the diversity of RE patterns.
FORMULACIONES NUMÉRICAS PARA EL CÁLCULO, DISEÑO Y EVALUACIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD DE LAS REDES DE TIERRA DE INSTALACIONES ELÉCTRICAS

Palabras clave: Tomas de tierra, Metodo de Elementos de Contorno, Modelos de TerrenoMulticapa, Potenciales transferidos.Resumen. La determinacion de los niveles de potencial en la superﬁcie del terreno cuando tienelugar una derivacion de corriente es fundamental en el calculo y diseno de redes de tierras desubestaciones electricas.En el presente trabajo se presenta una formulacion numerica del metodo de elementos decontorno para el analisis de un problema comun en la ingenieria electrica, como es la exis-tencia de potenciales transferidos en una instalacion de puesta a tierra. La transferencia de po-tenciales entre la zona puesta a tierra y puntos exteriores de la misma a traves de conductoresenterrados tales como circuitos de comunicacion, neutros, tuberias, railes o cierres perifericosmetalicos, puede producir serios problemas de seguridad. En este articulo se analizan y cal-culan problemas de potenciales inducidos por tomas de tierras de subestaciones considerandomodelos de terreno no uniformes y concretamente estratiﬁcados en dos capas. Asi, en primerlugar se resume brevemente la formulacion numerica empleada y el modelo bicapa consideradoy se presenta el analisis del problema de transferencia de potenciales. Finalmente, se muestranalgunos ejemplos haciendo uso de la geometria real de una red de tierras de una subestacionelectrica considerando diversos tipos de modelo de terreno.
Immune Reconstitution in Severely Immunosuppressed Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-1–Infected Patients Starting Efavirenz, Lopinavir–Ritonavir, or Atazanavir–Ritonavir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine: Final 48-Week Results (The Advanz-3 Trial)

Background: Few randomized clinical trials have investigated antiretroviral regimens in very advanced HIV-1–infected patients. The objective was to study the immune reconstitution in very immunosuppressed antiretroviral-naive, HIV-1–infected individuals by comparing an efavirenz-based regimen with 2 ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor regimens. Methods: Randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter clinical trial. Eighty-nine HIV-1–infected antiretroviral-naive patients with <100 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to efavirenz (n = 29), atazanavir/ritonavir (n = 30), or lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 30) combined with tenofovir plus emtricitabine. The primary outcome was median increase in CD4 cell count at week 48. Secondary end points were the proportion of patients with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per milliliter, adverse events, disease progression, and death. Results: In the on-treatment analysis, the median (interquartile range) increase in the CD4 count after 48 weeks was +193 (129–349) cells per microliter in the efavirenz arm, +197 (146–238) cells per microliter in the ritonavir-boosted atazanavir arm, and +205 (178–327) cells per microliter in the ritonavir-boosted lopinavir arm (P = 0.73). The percentage of patients achieving viral suppression was similar in all 3 treatment arms at 48 weeks {efavirenz, 85.71% [95% confidence interval (CI): 68.5 to 94.3]; atazanavir, 80% [95% CI: 62.7 to 90.5]; and lopinavir, 82.8% [95% CI: 65.5 to 92.4]; P = 0.88}. Bacterial translocation, inflammation, immune activation, and apoptotic markers, but not D-dimer, declined significantly and similarly in the 3 treatment arms. Adverse events had a similar incidence in all 3 antiretroviral regimens. No patients died. Conclusions: The immune reconstitution induced by an efavirenz-based regimen in very advanced HIV-1–infected patients was similar to that induced by a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor–based regimen (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00532168).
Sotrastaurin and cyclosporine drug interaction study in healthy subjects

Introduction. Sotrastaurin is an immunosuppressant that inhibits protein kinase C and blocks T‐lymphocyte activation. The authors determined the effect of combining sotrastaurin with the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine on the pharmacokinetics and biomarker responses to both drugs. Methods. This was a randomized, 4‐period, crossover study in 20 healthy subjects who received single oral doses of (1) sotrastaurin 100 mg, (2) cyclosporine 400 mg, (3) 100 mg sotrastaurin with 100 mg cyclosporine and (4) 100 mg sotrastaurin with 400 mg cyclosporine. Blood samples were collected to measure drug levels and biomarkers of T‐lymphocyte activation (interleukin‐2 and tumor necrosis factor producing T‐cells and interleukin‐2 messenger RNA levels) and of T‐lymphocyte proliferation (thymidine uptake). Results. Sotrastaurin did not alter cyclosporine AUC; however, low‐dose and high‐dose cyclosporine increased sotrastaurin AUC by 1.2‐fold [90% confidence interval, 1.1–1.4] and 1.8‐fold [1.6–2.1], respectively. Adding high‐dose cyclosporine to a low‐therapeutic dose of sotrastaurin significantly enhanced the inhibition of cytokine production by 31% [95% confidence interval, 25–36%], of interleukin‐2 messenger RNA levels by 13% [7–19%], and of thymidine uptake by 37% [32–42%] compared with sotrastaurin alone. Addition of low‐dose cyclosporine elicited slightly lower enhancements in inhibition by 21% [14–28%], 6% [−4–16%], and 26% [21–30%], respectively, compared with sotrastaurin alone. Conclusions. Sotrastaurin did not alter the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine, but cyclosporine increased sotrastaurin AUC up to 1.8‐fold. The combined drugs elicited a significantly greater inhibition of T‐cell activation and proliferation than sotrastaurin alone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of ACE inhibitor therapy in heart failure.

The clinical syndrome of heart failure results in impaired quality of life, exercise intolerance, frequent hospital admissions and high mortality. Each of these can be of importance for a patient with heart failure. Ideal drug treatment for heart failure should result in improvement in all of these end-points. However, it is now well established that there can be dissociation between shortand long-term effects of pharmacological agents. For example, both enoximone and milrinone can improve symptoms in the short term but result in increased mortality, mainly due to an increase in sudden presumed arrhythmic death. As a result of this and the dominance of survival data for drug regulatory requirements, the effects of many drugs on end-points other than survival are relatively unstudied. However, improvement in symptoms, quality of life and ability to exercise rather than survival, may be a higher priority for heart failure patients, particularly the elderly. ACE inhibitor therapy provides a good example of this data disparity, with clear evidence of survival benefit but conflicting information on the effects on exercise. The study in this edition by Cooke et al. again raises the issue of the optimal dose of ACE inhibitor therapy in heart failure. The study relates the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in heart failure to vasodilator therapy with ACE inhibitors. The study was performed with a small sample of 12 heart failure patients in a crossover design, testing the effects of 5 mg and 20 mg of lisinopril on exercise capacity. The low-dose of lisinopril had more favourable effects on aerobic exercise capacity than the 20 mg dose. Although this is an elegant study, several issues relevant to the application of these findings to heart failure patients remain uncertain. For example, although the study demonstrated beneficial effects on aerobic exercise capacity, there were no data to support extension of these benefits to overall improvements in quality of life. Many heart failure patients are severely limited by concomitant conditions and thus data on exercise capacity alone are not convincing enough to mandate this dose. In addition, how the effects observed in this study will translate to the patient receiving standard betablocker therapy is uncertain. Other studies have compared different doses of ACE inhibitors in heart failure patients. A recent comparison of low (5 mg . day ) and high dose
Analysis of T2 limitations and off‐resonance effects on spatial resolution and artifacts in echo‐planar imaging

Several aspects of blipped echo‐planar imaging (EPI) are treated mathematically. An expression relating the necessary readout gradient strength and sampling time to the spatial resolution and readout duration is derived. It is shown how the net spatial resolution may be limited by the object's T2 characteristics and Bo field homogeneity, irrespective of the number of sampled points. Additionally, off‐resonance effects result in a loss of spatial resolution and image distortion to a considerably greater degree than in conventional two‐dimensional Fourier transform imaging. The extent of these effects is directly related to the time required to acquire the data matrix, and is therefore amplified when EPI is implemented on a standard commercial whole‐body system which because of limited gradient performance uses necessarily longer sampling durations. Specific hardware modifications to a standard commercial imager are considered to allow successful EPI implementation. EPI image characteristics are compared quantitatively with those of conventional methods. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
Intérêt du PRF dans la qualité de la cicatrisation : état actuel des connaissances et controverses

La recherche de nouveaux adjuvants cicatriciels est un objectif pour les praticiens. Leur usage necessite de repondre a un cahier des charges precis : reduire et optimiser les temps de cicatrisation font partie de cette charte. La non autorisation de l'utilisation de produits derives sanguins en France a permis la creation du PRF qui est l'adaptation a la loi francaise du PRP utilise aux Etats-Unis. L'essor de ces concentres plaquettaires a suscite un engouement important des praticiens, qui y voient des resultats prometteurs, un usage simple, et un faible cout pour les patients. Le PRF doit son action a sa polymerisation lente qui permettrait de capter les facteurs de croissance au sein des mailles de fibrine. Ces facteurs grâce a un relargage lent permettraient une stimulation locale de la cicatrisation, et ainsi reduire les delais cicatriciels. Cependant, le dosage de ces facteurs au sein des mailles de fibrine n'a pas encore ete effectue, car la viscosite du PRF empeche la realisation de ces tests. Les scientifiques deduisent que si les facteurs ne sont ni dans l'exsudat ni dans le PPP, ils sont forcement stockes dans le coagulum. Les applications cliniques sont donc en avance sur les preuves scientifiques. Tant que ces preuves demeurent incertaines, il est difficile d'etablir des recommandations sur l'usage du PRF.
PWM Contol of High Gain Sepic Boost Converter With Coupled Inductor and Charge Pump Capacitor

The demand for Electrical energy is increasing with the advancement of Technology. The distributed generation based system with renewable energy resources have rapidly developed in recent years. These distributed generation systems are powered by sources such as fuel cell, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries. This consists of two conversion stages, in the first stage the low level voltage from the PV cell is converted to high level voltage by using a dc- dc converter. In the second stage the high level dc voltage is converted into AC voltage by using inverter. To attain the high energy demand requirements the efficiency of the systems must be increased. The energy demand requirements can be achieved by increasing the gain of the converter. The paper introduces a high gain boost converter which is derived from basic the single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) topology. The proposed converter achieves high gain by using coupled inductor and charge pump capacitor. The regenerative snubber helps to attain zero voltage and zero current switching (zvs and zcs) conditions, which improve the converter efficiency. The proposed converter also inherits the SEPIC advantage of continuous input current.