Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Thought - Web based System for Managing and Presentation of Research and Student Projects

There are plenty of projects solved each day at academic venues - small in-term students' projects without any real usability, bachelor and diploma thesis, large interdisciplinary or internationally supported projects. Each of them has its own set of requirements how to manage it. Aim of our paper is to describe these requirements, and to show how we tried to satisfy them. As a result of further analysis we designed and implemented system Deep Thought (under development since autumn 2007), which united the management of distinct categories of projects in one portal. System is based on open-source technology, it is modular and hence it is capable to integrate heterogeneous tools such as version control system, wiki, project presenting and managing. This paper also introduces aims of the future development of the system, such as interoperability with other management systems or better connection with the lecture content and teaching process.
Physiological disposition of fenoprofen in man. II. Plasma and urine pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration.

Two studies of dl-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propionic acid or fenoprofen are described. In these studies, the pharmacokinetic parameters of fenoprofen administered orally and intravenously were compared first and then urine and plasma kinetics were compared. The results indicate that: (a) fenoprofen is rapidly and efficiently absorbed from the GI tract; (b) fenoprofen is extensively metabolized, and it and its metabolites are rapidly eliminated from the body by the kidneys; and (c) good agreement exists between plasma and urinary kinetics.
Contemporary Atmospheric Escape at Mars : Implications for Astrobiology

The development of life on Earth is believed to have resulted in permanent changes in the composition of the atmosphere. A search for atmospheric biosignatures is one of the major objectives of the powerful telescopes currently being designed to search for terrestrial extrasolar planets. In our own solar system, Mars is considered one of the best candidates for the development of life. However, identification of an atmospheric biosignature on Mars is not possible until all potential abiotic processes have been accounted for. At present we are particularly limited by our understanding of the role of atmospheric escape at Mars through its history. This paper summarizes the present understanding of the physics of atmospheric escape to space at Mars, discusses the constraints on the estimates of loss (both at present and over Martian history), suggests important measurements and model improvements that would significantly improve our understanding of this important process, and relates the current understanding to the possibility of detection of an atmospheric biosignature.
Analysis of Large Truck Rollover Crashes

Objectives: Close to a tenth of all large truck crashes result from rolling over during some maneuver. The aim of this study was to identify causes of these serious events as well as preventive measures that could be taken to reduce their number. Methods: Detailed descriptions of 231 rollovers provided by field investigators were analyzed to identify causes. The descriptions addressed crash location, the nature of the crash, effect upon the vehicles involved, injuries and treatment, and contributing conditions. Causes were inferred from the nature of the crash. Results: Almost half of the rollover crashes resulted from failing to adjust speed to curves, loads, brake condition, road surfaces, and intersections. A second major contributor involved lack of attention, including general inattention, misdirected attention, falling asleep, and distraction. The third major factor involved control errors, including oversteering, understeering, overcorrecting for errors, and minor control errors. The remainder were not driving errors and included those of other drivers, those occurring before the truck took to the road, and the condition of the vehicle before it was driven. Conclusions: Although they account for but a tenth of all large truck crashes, rollovers result from causes that are relatively unique to the vehicle and where it is driven. Programs could improve safety through the use of video to expose truck drivers to the situations causing rollovers, along with simulation allowing drivers to experience the consequences of errors without the harmful results of actual rollovers.
Aalborg Universitet Residential Radon and Brain Tumor Incidence in a Danish Cohort

Background: Increased brain tumour incidence over recent decades may reflect improved diagnostic methods and clinical practice, but remain unexplained. Although estimated doses are low a relationship between radon and brain tumours may exist. Objective: To investigate the long-term effect of exposure to residential radon on the risk of primary brain tumour in a prospective Danish cohort. Methods: During 1993–1997 we recruited 57,053 persons. We followed each cohort member for cancer occurrence from enrolment until 31 December 2009, identifying 121 primary brain tumour cases. We traced residential addresses from 1 January 1971 until 31 December 2009 and calculated radon concentrations at each address using information from central databases regarding geology and house construction. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate incidence rate-ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of primary brain tumours associated with residential radon exposure with adjustment for age, sex, occupation, fruit and vegetable consumption and traffic-related air pollution. Effect modification by air pollution was assessed. Results: Median estimated radon was 40.5 Bq/m. The adjusted IRR for primary brain tumour associated with each 100 Bq/ m increment in average residential radon levels was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.07; 3.58) and this was exposure-dependently higher over the four radon exposure quartiles. This association was not modified by air pollution. Conclusions: We found significant associations and exposure-response patterns between long-term residential radon exposure radon in a general population and risk of primary brain tumours, adding new knowledge to this field. This finding could be chance and needs to be challenged in future studies. Citation: Bräuner EV, Andersen ZJ, Andersen CE, Pedersen C, Gravesen P, et al. (2013) Residential Radon and Brain Tumour Incidence in a Danish Cohort. PLoS ONE 8(9): e74435. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0074435 Editor: Chunyan He, Indiana University, United States of America Received April 29, 2013; Accepted July 31, 2013; Published September 16, 2013 Copyright: 2013 Bräuner et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by a Research Grant from The Danish Medical Research Council (Grant number: 09 064754). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: ole@cancer.dk (ORN)
Information communication technology, village development and security committee and village vision movement: a recipe for rural success in Malaysia

The growing body of literature associated with information and communication technology within the rural community had examined numerous factors and interrelationships in order to gain a better understanding on the usage of computers among rural people. Rural administrators play a vital role to ensure information and communication technology is utilized regularly by the rural society. Thus it is significant to draw to attention to the factors affecting rural administrators’ information and communication technology usage and its implications to rural administrators profesional development strategies. This article would be of great help for future researchers who are searching for the path to further explain the determinants of information and communication technology acceptance and its utilization based on various models depicted in the literature. Keywords: Information and communication technology, Village Development and Security Committee, Village Vision Movement
Effect of Information of Patients' Coping Style on Pregastroscopy Anxiety

Examination of the relationship between patients' coping style, pregastroscopy information, and anxiety associated with gastroscopy in China was the aim of this study. A pretest, post-test, nonrandom assignment study with a two by two design was conducted. One hundred forty-five patients who underwent initial gastroscopy without sedation were classified into 2 groups on the basis of the coping style: information seekers or information avoiders using the Information Subscale of the Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS-I). All participants were given standardized procedural information about gastroscopy as routine care. Half of each group was assigned to receive additional sensory information describing what sensation they would experience and how to cooperate to alleviate the discomfort. State anxiety assessed by the State Anxiety Scale of Spielberg's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, blood pressure, and pulse were measured at enrollment and before gastroscopy. The information seekers and avoiders who received additional sensory information experienced significantly less state anxiety after the intervention. In contrast, the information seekers and avoiders who received standardized procedural information maintained their preintervention state anxiety level. Most patients reported their preference for sensory information. In conclusion, the provision of sensory information could significantly reduce patients' pregastroscopy anxiety regardless of patients' information coping style.
Dissipative control for stochastic descriptor systems with time-delays

This paper deals with the problem of dissipative control for stochastic descriptor systems with time-delays based on the extended Itô stochastic differential formula. We consider the design of a state-feedback dissipative controller such that the closed-loop systems is mean-square asymptotically stable and strictly (Q, S,R) - dissipative. A sufficient condition on the existence of dissipative controllers is established by means of the singular stochastic Lyapunov methods and linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Development of a Community-Based Family Asthma Management Intervention for Puerto Rican Children

Background: Puerto Rican children maintain disproportionately high asthma prevalence rates and effective asthma management interventions are needed.Objectives: This article describes how community-based participatory research (CBPR) was implemented in the development of a culturally tailored family asthma management intervention for Puerto Rican children: CALMA (a Spanish acronym for Take Control, Empower Yourself, and Achieve Asthma Management). Method: CALMA was developed according to CBPR principles and contemporary asthma guidelines through the collaboration of diverse members of the local, professional, and medical communities, academia, and local government. All group members contributed unique perspectives, making CALMA's development a collaborative effort.Lessons Learned: The CALMA community dealt with challenges in both incorporating and managing a diverse group of stakeholders and maintaining equity in decision making power. However, the community maintained strengths, such as incorporating culturally accepted remedies and addressing culturally specific myths in the intervention, as well as having the medical community directly involved in overseeing the accuracy of the intervention.Conclusion: A CBPR approach enhanced the cultural sensitivity of the intervention as well as its potential for sustainability.
The endothelium in sepsis: Source of and a target for inflammation

ObjectiveTo discuss a possible role of the endothelium in sepsis. Data SourcesStudies published in biomedical journals and our own experimental results. Study Selection Studies on endothelial mechanisms in the context of sepsis. Data Extraction and Synthesis Changes in endothelial cells on activation by inflammatory stimuli are reviewed briefly; potential mechanisms that lead to endothelial damage during sepsis are discussed. ConclusionsThe endothelium is a key organ involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Dysfunction of or injury to the endothelium may be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure and should be discriminated from activation resulting from stimulation with inflammatory stimuli. Identification of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to endothelial dysfunction or damage is likely to provide novel targets for the treatment of sepsis.
Rational optimization of tumor epitopes using in silico analysis‐assisted substitution of TCR contact residues

Altered peptide ligands with increased affinity of the peptide–MHC complex for the TCR provide an alternative strategy to natural T‐cell epitopes for cancer immunotherapy, as they can recruit and stimulate stronger T‐cell repertoires. However, it remains unclear how alterations of the TCR contact residues improve the interaction between the peptide–MHC complex and the TCR molecule. In this study, we introduced a molecular simulation strategy to optimize a tumor immunodominant epitope NY–ESO‐1157–165 by the substitution of the potential TCR contact residues. We correlated molecule simulation with T‐cell activation capacity assay and detected the effect of modifications of TCR contact residues on T‐cell recognition. An agonist peptide W5F with substitution at Trp5 with Phe was identified and it exhibits a stronger ability to induce a cross‐reactive CTL response with the WT peptide. Additionally, the W5F‐induced CTL could be maintained with the WT peptide and possess higher capacity in lysing native NY–ESO‐1‐expressing tumor cells. These results provide important insights into the enhanced immunogenicity of epitopes through substitution at the TCR contact sites and revealed a novel molecular simulation approach for rational therapeutic peptide vaccine design.
The Physiology of Obesity

The increasing prevalence of obesity throughout the world is associated with an escalating incidence of obesity-related disorders and health costs. The incidence of obesity continues to rise, in spite of the fact that control over body weight is often thought to be highly precise and regulated through a negative-feedback homeostatic system. The term homeostasis refers to the body’s continuously ongoing control over critical physiological variables for which the levels must be maintained within a strict range in order for survival. When applied to body fat, homeostasis refers to processes that monitor total fat and make compensatory adjustments in energy intake and expenditure. The activity of this negative feedback loop is constantly being influenced by environmental factors such as food palatability, daily exercise, and stress. Superimposed on this are factors such as experience and the time of day that directly impact consumption. As a consequence, energy homeostasis is a complex process that ultimately determineswhen and how much food is eaten. The last several years have seen remarkable progress in understanding the mechanisms of body weight regulation. A major contributor to understanding food intake was the discovery in 1994 of the adipose tissue hormone leptin. Leptin is a signal secreted mainly from fat cells that has been linked to hypothalamic neuropeptide systems to control food intake and energy homeostasis. The overall system appears homeostatic; day-to-day fluctuations in energy stores are detected and countered over periods of weeks to months through coordinated adjustments of food intake and energy expenditure. This process results in a relatively stable level of body fat that has often been interpreted in terms of a ‘‘set point. ’’ When the leptin feedback part of the system is permanently changed, as in animals or humans that either make no leptin or have no leptin receptors, there is a chronic bias to overeat and gain weight. However, leptin cannot be the only critical factor because the tendency of many individuals to gain weight as they age and the steadily increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide seem at odds with the concept Correspondence: Stephen C. Woods, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, P.O. Box 670559, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0559. E-mail: steve.woods@psychiatry.uc. edu Supported by funds obtained from NIH and Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals and by the Obesity Research Center at the University of Cincinnati.
Internal structural changes in the hippocampus observed on 3-tesla MRI in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is observed in many intractable, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients. We aimed to delineate the internal structural changes (ISC) shown as loss of internal architecture in the hippocampus on 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3T-MRI) due to its higher spatial resolution. METHODS We studied 12 MTLE patients who exhibited unilateral HS on conventional 1.5 Tesla-MRI. Using 3T-MRI, high resolution T2-weighted coronal images of the hippocampus were investigated by visual inspection without the use of detailed clinical information. In addition, tissue samples obtained from four patients who underwent epilepsy surgery were analyzed histopathologically. RESULTS In addition to hippocampal atrophy (HA) in the abnormal side, blurring of the low-intensity streak, i.e., ISC, in the hippocampus was seen in 12 patients and atrophy or high signal intensity was observed in Ammon's horn or the dentate gyrus in nine patients. After four patients underwent epilepsy surgery, tissue samples showed astrogliosis and a loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal body, concordant with ISC or HA on MRI examination. CONCLUSION High-resolution MRI suggests that minute internal structural changes in the hippocampus reflect neuronal cell loss or gliosis, possibly in the early stage, and also show laterality of changes more sensitively. Different internal structural changes could further subclassify HS and may predict the surgical outcomes of seizure control based on the clinicopathological correlation.
Symbioses between cyanobacterial communities and feather mosses in boreal forests and consequences for dinitrogen fixation

Feather moss-cyanobacteria associations, although still poorly understood, are recognised as essential for the regulation of nitrogen (N) input into N-limited ecosystems such as boreal forests due to their ability to carry out N2-fixation. This thesis aimed to investigate the diversity and composition of feather moss-associated cyanobacterial communities, the mechanisms by which cyanobacterial colonisation on mosses occurs and the fate of the N that they fix, and how various combinations of biotic and abiotic conditions influence cyanobacterial N2-fixation activity. The results demonstrated that the cyanobacterial communities associated with these mosses are highly host-specific and diverse, with moss species identity rather than environmental factors being the primary driver of their composition and diversity. Furthermore, cyanobacterial colonisation on feather mosses appears to be possible only if the plants are able to produce a chemo-attractant (to attract and guide cyanobacteria towards colonisation sites), the plant eventually gaining N from the cyanobacteria according to its needs. Moreover, the results reveal that both abiotic (light intensity, temperature) and biotic (host plant presence, cyanobacterial community composition, cyanobacterial density) factors must be considered when studying what causes variation in feather moss-cyanobacteria N2-fixation rates over time and space. Overall, the results of this thesis help in developing our understanding of the drivers of cyanobacterial communities on boreal feather mosses, and highlight the important role that these mosses play in the N cycle in boreal forest ecosystems, by hosting cyanobacteria and acquiring the N2 that they fix. In addition, this work also contributes to a better understanding of the complex interactions regulating biological N2-fixation, a major driver of ecosystem processes.
Development of Stemness in Cancer Cell Lines Resistant to the Anticancer Effects of Zoledronic Acid.

BACKGROUND Drug resistance is closely related to cancer cell stemness, that is acquired along with resistance to various anticancer agents. However, this has not been investigated as a potential mechanism underlying cancer cell resistance to zoledronate, that is used to suppress bone metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zoledronate-resistant A549 lung cancer and MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines were established by repeated treatment with sub-lethal concentrations of zoledronate. Expression levels of the stem cell marker NANOG, cMYC, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, and sex-determining region Y-box 2 were evaluated and sphere formation was compared between parental and resistant cell lines. Tumourigenicity was assessed in vivo. RESULTS Stem cell marker expression was up-regulated and sphere formation was enhanced in resistant compared to parental cells and showed greater tumour formation capacity in mice. CONCLUSION Repeated treatment of malignant tumour cell lines with zoledronate, induces the development of drug resistance and stemness.
NVC-422 Antiinfective Agent Treatment of Impetigo Treatment of Conjunctivitis Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

NVC-422 is a first-in-class synthetic stable chlorotaurine exhibiting a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, without the potential for developing drug resistance. NovaBay has named these novel agents Aganocide® compounds. The company is developing various nonsystemic formulations of this active agent for use in multiple phase II clinical trials for various indications, including urinary catheter blockage and encrustation (UCBE), conjunctivitis and impetigo. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that NVC-422 has a good safety profile and solution stability. NVC-422 is cidal to pathogens by the oxidative modification of sulfur-containing amino acids, such as methionine and cysteine, resulting in protein inactivation. Pathogens die within minutes after exposure to lethal concentrations of NVC-422, as measured by time-kill assays. Multiple passage studies against pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), show no drug resistance. Its mechanism of action, fast time-kill and no observation of drug resistance uniquely differentiate NVC-422 from traditional antibiotics.