Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spin Polarized Transport through the Double-Dot System

Spin-polarized transport in nanoscopic systems was mainly investigated for a single quantum dot (QD) attached to ferromagnetic electrodes (see e.g. [1]). It was shown that such a set could act as a spin valve. The current flowing through QD strongly depends on the configuration of magnetic moments in the leads. Usually, it is maximal for configuration in which magnetic moments are parallel in both electrodes. Spin-based devices are very important due to possibility of their application in spintronics. Especially, double quantum dot (DQD) structures could probably work in quantum computer hardware [2]. Electron transport through a double dot system received much experimental and theoretical attention during the past decade [3, 4], however, systems with non-magnetic electrodes were mainly investigated. Recently, spin-dependent transport has been studied for a set of two quantum dots capacitively coupled [5]. The linear conductance in the Kondo regime has been mainly investigated. Here, we analyze spin-dependent transport through a system of two quantum dots in series. The inter-dot tunnel coupling can be easily tuned in such systems [6]. It strongly influences the current flowing through the system. Using the non-equilibrium Green function formalism based on the equation of motion we show that the DQD set can act as an effective spin valve in which not only tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) value but also its sign can be easily changed with inter-dot coupling.
Microbial production and optimization of media for organophosphate hydrolase

Today, as use of neurotoxic Organophosphorus compounds are increasing, there is a great need that these compounds should be degraded through bioremediation. World Health organization recommended that Methyl parathion (C8H10NO5PS) is an extremely hazardous organophosphorus pesticide which is successfully degraded by Organophosphorus hydrolase. In the present study, microbial production of organophosphorus hydrolase was carried out from an isolate from soil. Modification of culture conditions effect Organophosphorus hydrolase production. The yield of Organophosphorus hydrolase activity was improved to three fold after medium optimization in comparison to before optimized conditions. Maximum growth of the isolate was observed after 42 hours of incubation the basis of A600. Sucrose (2.5%) and yeast extract (1.5%) were the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively.
Revised ) Linking FDI Motivation and Host Economy Productivity Effects : Conceptual and Empirical Analysis

We develop a taxonomy which relates FDI motivation (technology and cost-based) to its anticipated effects on host countries’ domestic productivity. We then empirically examine the effects of FDI into the United Kingdom on domestic productivity and find that different types of FDI have markedly different productivity spillover effects, which are consistent with the conceptual analysis. The UK gains substantially only from inward FDI motivated by a strong technology-based ownership advantage. As theory predicts, inward FDI motivated by technology sourcing considerations leads to no productivity spillovers.
Development of an Encrypting System for an Image Viewer based on Hill Cipher Algorithm

Security breaches to personal computing devices, cloud storage accounts, portable media devices are rampant in today’s world. Also, Increased intrusions into corporate servers and employee workstations often times lead to the unwarranted exposure of an individual or corporate secret and a breach to privacy. Information leaked through such intrusions and breaches especially images are often times in the public terrain without a user’s or corporate consent. This breaches are due to a variety of reasons including internal saboteurs, theft, social engineering or a computer security attack. At times other crimes like fraud, blackmail, kidnapping and assassinations may follow. This study presents the development of an Encryption system in an Image Viewer Application. Encrypting Images before storage or transfer to any platform helps limit risk when images are stolen or leaked. The image viewer was designed in C#. NET using the Hill Cipher algorithm for Image Encryption and Decryption. The results for images are shown to be good for two image samples. However, low key image samples produce a better result after Encryption. In general, Encryption of user generated images is a vital security strategy and a good option to have to prevent against a growing number of threats.
Essays on Algorithmic Trading

Using a unique data set from NASDAQ OMX Nordic, the present paper studies the impact of algorithmic trading activity on market properties. Analyzing the activity of liquidity suppliers and liquidity takers provides causal identification between market properties and trading activity. This paper presents a method for algorithmic trading impact analysis that does not rely on exogenous events. I find that the joint activity of algorithmic trading participants has no harmful effect on market properties. In addition, the distinction of market participants by traders’ price list preferences allows answering the question: is it big or small participants that are following market properties? Acknowledgements: The author would like to thank Frank Hatheway, Henrik Husman and staff of the NASDAQ OMX Nordic research group, particularly Jakob Hallmer and Petter Dahlstrom, for their help and data provision. I appreciate Niklas Ahlgen, Timo Korkeamaki, Juha Joenvaara and Terrence Hendershott for fruitful discussions and comments. I gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the NASDAQ OMX Nordic Foundation and the Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation.
APPLICATION OF MULTIOBJECTIVE PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO ANALOGUE FILTER TUNING

This paper discusses and compares the methods of Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA), Multiobjective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) and Divided Range Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (DRMPSO) applied to LC filter tuning. Specifically, the paper is concerned with the application and implementation of these methods to the design of an antenna tuning unit, providing the facility to adapt to changes in load impedance, temperature or environmental effects, ensuring maximum power transfer and harmonic rejection. A number of simulations were carried out to evaluate the relative performance of these algorithms. Our results indicate that the DRMPSO is highly competitive with any of the two other algorithms. PROBLEM STATEMENT For radio antenna transmission systems it is very important to transmit maximum power to the antenna to achieve maximum transmission efficiency. In many cases, for example the mobile and fixed tactical applications, these systems must deal with changing load and environmental aspects. The goal of obtaining fast antenna tuning systems that are capable of offering impedance matching whilst maintaining good harmonic rejection properties has become increasingly significant. One of the most popular impedance matching configurations used is the Pi-Network, which is simple in structure and can accommodate a wide range of load impedances and offer high harmonic rejection capabilities. The Pi-Network's versatility allows additional criteria to be considered for optimization i.e.harmonic rejection, parasitic effects, component costs etc. However, the contribution of each component made to the Pi-Network impedance characteristic is complex. Current tuning algorithms in commercially available equipment use a step-by-step approach, where the tuning network is adjusted iteratively until impedance matching is achieved (1-2). This method is slow and focuses only on impedance matching, rather than optimizing the full capabilities of the Pi-Network. There have been reported in the literature of global optimization techniques that have been applied to a range of applications, which consist of multiple objectives and where time constraints are also of importance. Previously, the Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing (3-4) optimization algorithms have been applied to this problem, however an aggregate fitness is used which lead the full capabilities of the system not being realized. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms have also been applied to this problem (5), however the running time is too long. In this paper, we use the DRMPSO to investigate the characteristics of the system.
Compact UWB Microstrip-fed Slot Antenna with Dual-band Rejection by Using EBG and Four-arm Spiral Structures

─ A microstrip-fed slot antenna with dual rejection bands is designed and prototyped for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. The rejection band for WiMAX is achieved by symmetrical etching a pair of nested four-arm spiral slots on the ground plane. Selfinterdigital electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures are embedded to create other rejection bands for WLAN and are placed on both sides of the gradient T-shaped microstrip-fed. The simulated result and measurement data show that the antenna impedance bandwidth (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio is less than 2) covers the entire UWB bandwidth range with two eliminated bands of 3.22-3.81 GHz (0.59 GHz, 16.7%) and 5.115. 84 GHz (0.73 GHz, 13.4%). In addition, the designed antenna achieves a stable gain and exhibits omnidirectional radiation patterns except at rejection frequency bands, which makes it a suitable candidate for UWB applications that will not be interfered by WiMAX/WLAN systems. Index Terms ─ Dual band rejection, electromagnetic band gap, UWB antenna.
Wall Pressure Fluctuations in a Turbulent Boundary Layer

In the flow of air past a solid surface, a turbulent boundary layer is produced. The turbulence is ordinarily thought of as velocity fluctuation but in addition pressure, temperature and density fluctuations also occur. The turbulent boundary layer causes a sound field to be set up in the free stream and also induces fluctuating normal loads on the boundary. If the boundary is elastic, its motion will set the air on each side into motion. Thus, additional sound radiation is to be expected. In an initial investigation of this problem some of the properties of the wall pressure fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer have been measured. The equipment used in the investigation includes: a specially designed low noise and turbulence level wind tunnel, a small barium titanate microphone for frequencies up to 50 kc and the necessary electronic equipment. The quantities measured were the root‐mean‐square pressure at the wall and the power spectrum of the wall pressure. It was found that the root‐mean‐square w.
On the influence of food quality in consumer–resource interactions

While nutrients are an important regulating factor in food webs, no theoretical studies have examined limits to consumer growth imposed by nutrient concentrations (i.e. food quality) of their prey. Empirical studies have suggested that nutrients may play a role in limiting assimilation efficiencies of herbivores. Using a simple food chain model, I find that prey nutrient concentration does directly influence the growth rate of consumers and potentially increase the stability of consumer‐resource interactions. This suggests that the strength of trophic cascades and the relative importance of top‐down versus bottom‐up control in food webs is significantly influenced by nutrient availability in food resources of consumers. Additionally, the results imply that increases in resource input may cause a change in which resource is limiting and thereby negate any potential ‘‘paradox of enrichment’’.
Rock fabrics in palaeoweathering profiles below basement-cover interfaces (AMS-study on drill cores from the Caledonian margin, Central Sweden)

Unconformity-parallel planar fabrics in the weathering profile were facilitated by palaeo-alteration and later processes (Angerer 2005 unpubl. data). Such fabrics may be a factor for lowering the shear-strength (e.g. Wintsch et al. 1995). The probably ubiquitous existence of those fabrics at basement-coverinterfaces is investigated in case studies by means of AMS-fabric analysis, which is a sensitive indicator of rock fabric changes.
Design on CIC interpolator in Model Simulator

This project survey review on optimization of CIC filter, and as architecture aspects of up sampling and down sampling rate using CIC filter and comparison between the results in hardware and simulations. Processing a high data rate signal is a difficult task. Reducing the data rate of such signals would ease the processing significantly. In a communications system, two systems might be working at different a rate which requires a rate change process. This is achieved by the use of a decimator or an interpolator. Here CIC filter on designing models are developed for using Xilinx system generator, by cascading various CIC filter stages. The hardware is synthesized in FPGA and verified with Model sim and Mat lab simulation results. This project also discusses about performance analysis with respect to the number of stages (N) and rate change factor (R) of the filter pipelining, throughput and area reduction techniques.
DNA methylation profiling using real-time methyl domain binding protein binding

Methylation of DNA is responsible for gene silencing by establishing heterochromatin structure that represses transcription, and studies have shown that cytosine methylation of CpG islands in promoter regions acts as a precursor to early cancer development. The naturally occurring Methyl Binding Domain (MBD) proteins from mammals are known to bind to the methylated CpG dinucleotide (mCpG), and subsequently recruit other chromatin-modifying proteins to suppress transcription. This intrinsic property of MBD protein has been used to differentiate mCpG from nonmethylated CpG in conventional pulldown assays. However, the pulldown assay by itself does not provide information regarding the fraction of methylated DNA in the sample, the affinity of the MBD protein to different methylation patterns, and the relative positions of the mCpG sites. We focus on proof-of-concept studies to show that using real-time assay methods, recombinant proteins MBD2-venus and 1xMBD recognize hemimethylation and symmetrical methylation of CpG sequence, while displaying greater affinity for the symmetrical methylation motif. Real-time assay of protein binding was performed to characterize the kinetics of MBD2-Venus, 1xMBD and 1xMBD-GFP proteins. Two assay methods, SPR and fluorescence microarray, were used to evaluate the sensitivity and selectivity of MBD proteins binding to i i
Evaluating Tropical Upper-tropospheric Water in Climate Models Using Satellite Data

Measuring and simulating moist processes in the tropical upper troposphere are difficult tasks. Humidity in this region of the atmosphere is mainly supplied by deep convection and, problems with simulated convection are known to be a major contributor to uncertainties in climate model projections. Observations within this region of the atmosphere are hampered by the low absolute humidity as well as by the presence of clouds. This thesis examines the seasonal changes in and the effects tropical deep convection have on upper-tropospheric water, in addition to its effect on outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Multiple satellite observations are assessed and used to evaluate the climate models EC-Earth, CAM5, and ECHAM6. The data are analysed using two main methods: longterm averages and compositing. Compositing represents an improvement over climatologies because it brings the comparison closer to the processes associated with deep convection. The compositing method is adapted from Zelinka and Hartmann [2009], improved, and applied for the first time to climate models. Upper-tropospheric humidity (UTH) undergoes large seasonal and regional changes in the tropics. Over land areas, convection is more intense, producing greater amounts of water at higher heights, and having a greater effect on the OLR. Corresponding model simulations capture the large-scale and seasonal changes, however there are significant inconsistencies when compared with the observations, especially over land regions. Simulated mean UTH in areas where DC systems develop are consistently higher than observed over both land and ocean. However, the direct response of UTH to DC systems is found to be similar to the observations. Modeled cloud fractions near the tropopause are tend to be overestimated, whereas ice water content is often too low. The observed OLR can, regionally, differ from the simulated results by as much as 20 W m −1 . Moreover, above and around deep convection systems, the local decrease of OLR is throughout underestimated. Further, the models all demonstrate a lack of spatial variability indicated by a diurnal repetition of convection at the same location over land. These results obtained by the composite method reveal details that could not have been obtained using a traditional climatology based comparison.
Cayley Graphs of Groups and Their Applications

Cayley graphs are graphs associated to a group and a set of generators for that group (there is also an associated directed graph). The purpose of this study was to examine multiple examples of Cayley graphs through group theory, graph theory, and applications. We gave background material on groups and graphs and gave numerous examples of Cayley graphs and digraphs. This helped investigate the conjecture that the Cayley graph of any group (except Z2) is hamiltonian. We found the conjecture to still be open. We found Cayley graphs and hamiltonian cycles could be applied to campanology (in particular, to the change ringing of bells).
Is there a link between Streptococcus intermedius competence and antibiotic stress? Investigation of biofilm and susceptibility responses.

Bacteria have the ability of living both in a planktonic form, as free floating cells, and in biofilm communities. To survive against the many different factors which may affect their ability to grow in their habitat, bacteria may switch from planktonic to biofilm form and visa versa. A biofilm consists of bacteria with a three dimensional organization, enveloped in extra cellular polymeric substances, as well as networks of intervening water channels. The water channels deliver necessary nutrients and remove wastes so the bacteria deep in biofilm may survive (Marsh 1999). Bacteria living in a biofilm may endure longer due to their trait to communicate with one another and exchange genetic information. Biofilm formation essentially depends on stability and suitability of a surface like the hard tissue of teeth. Both dental caries and periodontal diseases are caused by bacteria growing in biofilms. A large number of other human bacterial infections are also related to biofilm formation, like for instance osteomyelitis, bacterial prostatitis, infective endocarditis and cystic fibrosis (Carol Potera 1999).
Induction of larval attachment and metamorphosis in the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans by dissolved free amino acids: mode of action in laboratory bioassays

Larval settlement in the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans (Haswell) reportedly occurs in response to both an attractive bacterial film and polar, aliphatic dissolved free amino acids (DFAA). In this study, we tested whether the larval metamorphic response was caused by direct DFAA perception or by induction of DFAA-utilizing bacteria in assay dishes. Still-water laboratory assays were performed with sterile measures in the presence and absence of an antibiotic mixture (2.5 × 10 -4 M streptomycin, 1.0 × 10 -4 M penicillin). In the absence of these antibiotics our results revealed a significant correlation between DFAA decrease rates, bacterial film development and larval metamorphosis within a 24 h assay period. After 12 h, DFAA concentrations decreased below the detection limit of 0.013 μM, the attached bacterial density in assay dishes was approx. 2 × 10 4 cells mm -2 , and larval metamorphosis was insignificantly low (20%). After 24 h, DFAA were no longer detectable, the attached bacterial density was unchanged, and larval metamorphosis was significantly high (50 %). In contrast, naturally biofilmed dishes showed a significant metamorphic response of 50 % after 12 h. In analogous experiments in the presence of antibiotics, the percentage of larval metamorphosis varied between 3 and 34% after 24 h while the number of attached bacteria was low (0.5 to 5 × 10 3 cells mm -2 ). We assume that the metamorphic response in these treatments was caused by inductive, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Our results suggest that larval metamorphosis was exclusively triggered by an inductive bacterial film rather than by direct larval perception of DFAA. Despite most sterile measures at the set-up of bioassays, bacteria were inevitably inoculated into test dishes as they were found associated with the larva and suspended in the larval culture water. Therefore, our results point to a systematic error in this established assay procedure. If putative signaling compounds serve as a nutrition source for larval settlement inducing marine bacteria, we conclude that an explicit investigation of a chemical metamorphic cue's efficacy is unreliable. The ecological significance of the transformation of DFAA into an attractive bacterial film for larval attachment and metamorphosis in H. elegans is discussed.
Tobacco Farmer Interest and Success in Diversification

As U.S. farm income from tobacco production has declined in recent years, there has been increased interest in developing alternative sources of farm revenue to replace lost tobacco income, particularly in tobacco-dependent communities of the southeastern United States. The recent end of the tobacco quota program is expected to accelerate the exit of tobacco farmers and has heightened concern regarding the availability of profitable substitutes for tobacco. In this study, we examine the impact of farm, household, and market characteristics on tobacco farmer interest and success in on-farm and off-farm income diversification. Using survey data collected from a panel of North Carolina tobacco farmers in 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2004 combined with market data collected from secondary sources, we evaluate the influence of farmer preferences, resource endowments, market incentives, risk, and biophysical factors on tobacco farmers' attitudes regarding diversification into non-tobacco products, the extent to which they reallocated resources towards non-tobacco products, and their success in identifying profitable alternatives to tobacco production. Our research contributes empirical findings to the public dialogue concerning the ability of tobacco farmers and tobacco-dependent communities to adjust to structural changes taking place in the tobacco market.
Unified Control of Doubly Feed Induction Generator in Wind Farm by using Genetic Algorithms

The integration of wind farms into the electricity grid has become an important challenge for the utilization and control of electric power systems, because of the fluctuating and intermittent behavior of wind power generation. Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) are commonly used Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) in electricity networks. In DFIG there are three control loops which should be implemented in order to appropriate performance of WTG. These control loops are pitch angle control, rotor speed control and voltage control. In this study a unified scheme is used to adjust these controllers in the same time. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to adjustment the proposed controllers. The results of wind power on the system performance are compared with a conventional thermal power plant.