Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENV04) Ecology of scleractinian corals in the waters of port dickson and their tolerance to sedimentation

This study was conducted in two parts, field data collection and laboratory experiments. Coral reef surveys were done using Line Intercept Transect and Random Sampling Method while an 8-month sedimentation rate monitoring programme was conducted along the coast of Port Dickson at Batu 7, 8, 9 and Tanjung Tuan using sediment traps. Laboratory experiments were conducted on 12 specimens of Porites lutea and Favites abdita respectively using the Buoyant Weighing Technique to monitor coral growth rates during Suspended Sediment Experiments (SSEs). The corals were also subjected to burial experiments to estimate their sediment tolerance and sediment rejection abilities. The sedimentation rates in Port Dickson and Tanjung Tuan were high, ranging from 59.61 ± 17.57 mg cm-2 day-1 to 220.61 ± 145.52 mg cm-2 day-1. Sediment type was predominantly silt and clay fractions. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that these fine sediments were transported into the coastal environment through rivers. Percentage clay ranged between 18.72 ± 4.45 % and 33.81 ± 7.19 %; silt between 12.28 ± 9.95 % and 41.17 ± 4.46 %; sand between 29.1 ± 5.31 % and 46.83 ± 8.94 %; and organic matter between 1.81 ± 1.64 % and 19.14 ± 16.03 %. Coral reef surveys conducted on the reef flat of Tanjung Tuan have found Porites spp. to be the most abundant coral type with a percentage cover of 42.57 %; followed by Goniastrea spp. at 20.87 %; Favites spp. at 9.81% and Favia spp. at 7.84 %. Overall live coral cover for all four stations was poor; ranging from 11.7 % to 16.8 %. Dead coral cover was between 4 % and 20.25 % while macroalgae cover was very high; ranging from 27.3 % to 57.3 %. Results from SSE 1 and 2 show that there was no significant difference in the mean growth rates between the treatment and control groups for both Favites abdita and Porites lutea. In BE 1, Favites abdita specimens survived burial better than Porites lutea specimens because they were able to manipulate and reject particles of sand from their surfaces. However, all specimens in the treatment group for both species were unable to survive BE 2.
Nonnegative Dictionary-Learning Algorithm Based on L1 Norm with the Sparse Analysis Model

Sparse representation has been proven to be a powerful tool for analysis and processing of signals and images. Most of existing methods for sparse representation are based on the synthesis model. This paper presents a method for dictionary learning and sparse representation with the so-called analysis model. Different from the synthesis sparse model, in this analysis model, the analysis dictionary multiplying the signal can lead to a sparse outcome. The analysis dictionary learning problem has received less attention with and only a few algorithms has been proposed recently. What is more, there have still been few investigations in the context of dictionary learning for nonnegative signal representation. So, in this paper we focus on the nonnegative dictionary learning for signal representation. We use l1-norm as the sparsity measure to learn an analysis dictionary from signals in analysis sparse model. In addition, we adopt the Euclidean distance as the error measure in the formulation. Numerical experiments on recovery of analysis dictionary show that the proposed analysis dictionary learning algorithm performs well for nonnegative signal representation.
The physiology of eating and the energy expenditure of the r uminant at pasture.

Highlight: Large areas of the world are marginal lands and extensive grazing of moderately good or poor pastures is the major avenue for producing meat and milk. As the world population increases, the future supply of meat and milk for man would of necessity have to come from the utilization of existing marginal lands in grazing systems. Conventional estimates of the energy required for maintenance have been made with animals housed indoors in respration chambers. Animals at pasture walk longer distances, and usually up gradients and ingest herbage of usually low dry matter content. Consequently, they spend considerably more time eating and foraging for food than conventionally housed animals. These extra muscular activities, over and above those observed indoors, might increase the maintenance energy requirements of animals on range by 25-50%. It is suggested that this increased requirement might be due to the energy cost of eating, walking to graze, and the "work of digestion" done by the gut in handling bulky pasture materials.
Practice, culture and belief among independent inventors: A preliminary study

This research looks at a number of cultural resources, material and ideological, inventors use to produce, justify and market inventions. While the sample is small, and limited to one particular kind of inventors, the study does raise some questions about how inventors have been portrayed in the literature. It also raises some issues about the kinds of policies and institutions public money is spent on in the US today, to encourage “to market” innovation and knowledge transfer.
Molecular Tools in Buffalo's Characterization: Practical Applications. A Review

The utility of the techniques of analysis concerning DNA is clear and a review of the main applications of the molecular tools in the genetic characterization of buffalo populations is done. In the last six to seven decades has taken place an accelerated development of the applications of the molecular genetics in the evaluation of the hereditary characters and in the animal identification. In the same way, in the field of the animal genetic it has happened a true revolution in all the slopes of the investigation, related to the quality of production and the improvement of the animal groups, with the confluence of so different specialties but so related as quantitative genetic, cytogenetic, biochemical genetic, molecular biology, and the calls "omics sciences", as genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, as well as the bioinformatic, that provide useful tools for the studies of genetic polymorphism.
Corporate Governance: Frameworks

In this essay we have discussed the broad spectrum of definitions of corporate governance that exist in the literature, ranging from a narrow, agency theory definition to broader, stakeholder-oriented definitions. The definition for the purposes of this essay adopts a stakeholder-oriented approach to corporate governance and does not necessarily contradict an agency theory approach. The essay has also outlined three theoretical frameworks used for discussing and analyzing corporate governance and has examined the extent to which they overlap. Having outlined some theoretical issues in corporate governance, we now turn to a discussion of the practical agenda for corporate governance reform. Our first task is to look at what happens when corporate governance fails, as in the cases of Enron and Parmalat. These cases clearly demonstrate a need for corporate governance reform. The next task is to examine the ways in which corporate governance may be improved by targeting a range of mechanisms, checks and balances.
Ways of Explaining Workplace Bullying: A Review of Enabling, Motivating and Precipitating Structures and Processes in the Work Environment

This article summarizes the literature explaining workplace bullying and focuses on organizational antecedents of bullying. In order to understand better the logic behind bullying, a model discussing different explanations is put forward. Thus, explanations for and factors associated with bullying are classified into three groups, enabling structures or necessary antecedents (e.g. perceived power imbalances, low perceived costs, and dissatisfaction and frustration), motivating structures or incentives (e.g. internal competition, reward systems and expected benefits), and precipitating processes or triggering circumstances (e.g. downsizing and restructuring, organizational changes, changes in the composition of the work group). The article concludes that bullying is often an interaction between structures and processes from all three groupings.
Critical Review of the Bunch: A Well-Known Tool for the Recovery and Maintenance of Software System Structures

: Lack of up-to-date software documentation hinders the software evolution and maintenance processes, as simply the software structure and code could be easily misunderstood and not comprehended. One approach to overcome such problems is to extract and reconstruct the software structure from the available source code so that it can be assessed against the required changes. Such approach is known as Software clustering. Bunch is a well-known tool for structure reconstructing and maintaining of software systems. As the maintenance of software costs a lot, Bunch is usually employed to reconstruct the structure of software and consequently making required changes. The aim of this paper is to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of the Bunch; if problems and proposals offered in this paper are studied and solved, this tool will be turned to be a useful tool for structure recovering and maintenance of a software system.
A Reexamination of “The Hidden Return to Incentives”

Prior literature has observed a “hidden return to incentives” where principals receive more cooperation from agents when formal incentives are available but not used than when not available. Previous experiments are replicated using a gift-exchange rather than a trust game. Hidden returns to incentives are not observed, and in fact the results show the opposite. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Determination Of The Optimum Renewable Power Generating Systems For An Educational Campus In Kirklareli University

This paper is to investigate whether the energy demand of Pinarhisar educational campus in Kirklareli University is fully met by using various types of the renewable power generating systems and also search for the optimum configuration of the hybrid power generating systems. Wind speed and solar radiation data measured in an hourly time-series format are used based on 2 years between 2008 and 2010, respectively. Three different renewable power generating systems, standalone PV- Battery and standalone Wind-Battery and standalone PV-Wind systems, are analyzed in detail by using HOMER software and compared among themselves considering COE, total NPC. Additionally, sensitivity analysis is performed considering three different wind speed values because of the wind's instable nature. According to the study results, the optimal configuration with the lowest total net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) contains one wind turbine, 36 batteries, a 6 kW converter and the 14kW PV array under the current conditions in Pinarhisar region (average wind speed and average solar global irradiance are almost 3.94 m/s and 4.98 kWh/m 2 /d, respectively.). Finally, this study also searches for how much NPC and COE values of the hybrid power generating systems show a tendency of increasing or decreasing remarkably based on the amount of the change in the (variable and unstable stable) wind speed.
Effect of roflumilast on morphological changes in mucous membrane of bronchi in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background. COPD is now recognised to be a condition of global importance because of high morbidity and risk of premature death of millions of people. There were performed biopsies of the mucous membrane of the bronchi in 9 people with severe COPD before treatment and after 30 and 180 days treatment with roflumilast . The material of the research was bronchoalveolar lavage and bronchial biopsy materials received on the level of proximal bronchi bifurcation to segmental bronchi during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Results of the study: At the and of 30-days treatment with roflumilast on the background of COPD maintance therapy, we have identified better results in comparison with the results before treatment. The main signs of improvement in the morpho-functional state of epithelial cells can be considered: moderate hypertrophy of the nucleus, cytoplasm vacuolization reduce, the number of myofibroblasts are reduced, some of them showed signs of degradation. A six-month therapy with the use of roflumilast gave its positive results. In the pathohistological picture of a bronchus mucous membrane there were outlined positive changes in the epithelial tissue as well as in the connective tissue of lamina propria of mucous membrane. Conclusions: After a 180-day treatment with roflumilast on the background of a basic therapy of patients with COPD III there was detected the most positive dymanics of pathohistological picture of a bronchus mucous membrane in the epithelial tissue as well as in the connective tissue of lamina propria of mucous membrane, in comparison with a 30-day treatment.
SPERM COMPETITION AND MODE OF FERTILIZATION IN THE GRASS GOBY ZOSTERISESSOR OPHIOCEPHALUS (TELEOSTEI : GOBIIDAE)

2 AND ABSTRACT Accessory structures to the male reproductive system are known in several fami- lies of teleost, but their role in sperm production patterns and fertilization dynamics is still un- clear. The intraspecific variability in seminal vesicles, shown by the grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus, presents an opportunity to examine both its possible correlation to alternative male mating tactics and the function of these accessory structures. In this species, males are known to release sperm in the form of sperm trails, bands of mucosubstances in which sperm are embedded. Surgical removal of seminal vesicles and histochemistry demonstrate that mucins, involved in the production of sperm trails, are secreted by the seminal vesicles. Gametes show a high longev- ity; sperm motility lasts on average 80 minutes. Eggs can be fertilized for several hours and do not need to be laid over trails because sperm are able to reach them via the surrounding water. Gonosomatic and seminal vesicle somatic indices, histology and histochemistry of gonads and seminal vesicles, sperm counts, and sperm trail longevity, suggest the presence of alternative male mating tactics in this species. Larger males have smaller testes and larger seminal vesicles compared to those of smaller males. The major role of seminal vesicles is mucin secretion in larger males, sperm storage in smaller ones. Trails of larger males last longer and release sperm more constantly over time than those of smaller males. Overall differences between males support the presence of differences in the intensity of sperm competition, with larger males performing nesting behaviour while smaller ones sneak spawnings. J. Exp. Zool. 283:81n 90, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
104.Big Data Fast Encryption Algorithm in the Cloud Environment Based on the Constraints of the Shared Resources

In order to design a secure and highly efficient big data encryption system with good encryption performance, a kind of big data encryption algorithm in the cloud environment based on the constraints of the shared resources is put forward in this paper combined with the constraints of the shared resources, the cloud environment and the good features of the big data. In this algorithm, the constraints of the shared resource are first used to disrupt the big data sequence quickly. And then the big data encryption algorithm in the cloud environment is used to conduct further obfuscation to the big data after the quick disruption at the bit level so as to obtain the ciphertext big data. The simulation experiment results show that this algorithm can still achieve good encryption performance even under the condition of low iteration times. In addition, it is highly sensitive to the plaintext and the encryption key, which can effectively resist the attacks that are based on the difference characteristics. Hence, it is a fast and highly efficient encryption method with great security.
Muscle Activity during the Performance of CPR in Simulated Microgravity and Hypogravity

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a series of resuscitation actions that improve the survival chances after a cardiac arrest, maintaining tissue perfusion through sternal compressions. The aim of this study was to clarify potential differences in upper body muscle activity related to CPR in microgravity and hypogravity (Mars gravitational field). Thirty healthy male volunteers each performed 3 sessions of 30 external chest compressions (ECCs) on a mannequin, during which time the muscle activity of the pectoralis major, triceps brachii and rectus abdominis were recorded via superficial electromyography. Hypogravity and microgravity were simulated by means of a body suspension device and a counterweight system, to which the volunteer was connected via a harness. The standard terrestrial (1G) CPR position was adopted in simulated hypogravity, and the Evetts–Russomano method was used in simulated microgravity. Heart rate and perceived exertion were also measured via Borg scale. No significant difference was found between the ECCs per minute and per set of compressions when performed at 1G and in simulated hypogravity. However, the mean depth achieved during compressions showed a significant difference in hipogravity. After 3 sets of 30 ECCs, mean heart rate showed an increase from rest values to those obtained from the 3 gravitational fields, and also from 1G to microgravity, but not from 1G to hypogravity. Mean of perceived exertion presented a significant increase from 1G to hypograviy and to microgravity. Muscle activation during the performance of CPR at 1G and hypogravity was significantly higher for the rectus abdominis. All muscles were more active during CPR in microgravity when compared with 1G. These findings suggest that the rescuer should be physically well trained in order to deliver adequate CPR in extraterrestrial environments. The physical training should aim to improve muscular endurance and cardiorespiratory capacity to increase effectiveness of the rescuer emergency assistance.
Modern Industries, Pollution and Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Mining in Ghana

The development of modern sectors has long been linked to the crowding out of traditional agriculture. The economic literature has focused on explanations associated with reallocation of inputs but has neglected other possible mechanisms, such as environmental pollution. To explore this issue, we examine the case of modern gold mining in Ghana and estimate an agricultural production function to tell apart mechanisms. Consistent with a crowding out eect driven by pollution, we nd that the expansion of mining production has reduced agricultural productivity by almost 40%, but is not associated with changes in the use or price of agricultural inputs. We provide evidence of air pollution and increased rural poverty near mining areas.
The Effects of Socioeconomic and Racial Characteristics on Firm Pollution Decisions in the St. Louis MSA

The purpose of this paper is to assess how the characteristics of class and race are associated with facility pollution levels. Other studies have examined the relationship between class and racial characteristics and firm emissions and have found mixed results. For example, Ringquist (1997) and Brooks and Sethi (1997) find a positive and significant correlation between income and emissions levels, while Centner (1996) fails to find a significant correlation between the two variables. Arora and Cason analyze neighborhood characteristics at the zip code level in an attempt to explain changes in toxic emissions releases between 1990 and 1993. My paper builds on the work of Arora and Cason (1996) but differs in several important ways. First, I focus on the St. Louis MSA. Second, I use more recent Toxic Release Inventory and Census Data. In my analysis, I address the following question: Are 2004 emissions (compared to 2000 emissions) disproportionately larger in minority and low-income populations in the St. Louis MSA or not? Using the Heckman two-step maximum likelihood model, I find that the level of pollution earlier in time is a positive predictor of pollution later in time. While environmental justice variables are not statistically significant in my results, further study over longer periods of time and over larger geographic areas may reveal ways in which these variables significantly affect communities.
The Legislation of Unintended Consequences

Doreen Merlino’s troubles began last October when an inch-thick lawsuit was delivered to the two-table takeout where she sells pizza and spicy chicken wings. It accused her of sending hazardous waste to a landfill. The 603 defendants named in the suit represent 399 different entities including an Elks club, an exercise gym, a donut shop, a sausage factory, a pair of nursing homes and at least two small-business owners who died before their garbage got them sued. “I have seen people sued—and settle—for waste no more hazardous than cardboard,” New Jersey Deputy Attorney General John MacDonald says. “The strategy is to make the entire Superfund system so ineffective that one way or another, Congress is going to be forced to scrap it. ”
Technology Convergence and Divergence in China’s Electronic Industries:Evidence from Patents

By thoroughly reviewing international studies on technology convergence and divergence,four kinds of hypothesis are proposed based on patent data Herfindhal Index(HI) measurement.The main finding is that technology convergence does exist,based on patent technology records in China,primarily driven by overseas companies’ strategic behavior,such as field intensiveness,competition during technology maturity session,and patent technology growth.
Creative Tourist Experience: Role of Destination Management Organizations

The chapter explores the role and importance of Destination Management Organizations in managing the delivery of creative tourist experience. The study is divided in two parts whereby the first part adopts a qualitative methodology of exploration in regard to Destination Management Organizations and Creative Tourist Experiences while the second part is a case study of the tourism organizations of the UAE. The role of creativity in managing the total tourist experience is the core theme of the study. The study finds that co-creation of tourist experiences have a lasting memory value. Creative tourist experience can be achieved in the creative-theatre by a combination of designed aesthetics, choreographed activities and co-created souvenirs as the major elements.
Generalized shifts and weak values for polarization components of reflected light beams

The simple reflection of a light beam of finite transverse extent from a homogeneous interface gives rise to a surprisingly large number of subtle shifts and deflections which can be seen as diffractive corrections to the laws of geometrical optics (Goos–Hänchen shifts) and manifestations of optical spin–orbit coupling (Imbert–Fedorov shifts), related to the spin Hall effect of light. We develop a unified linear algebra approach to dielectric reflection which allows for a simple calculation of all these effects and lends itself to an interpretation of beam shifts as weak values in a classical analogue to a quantum weak measurement. We present a systematic study of the shifts for the whole beam and its polarization components, finding symmetries between input and output polarizations and predicting the existence of material independent shifts.
Hip Disability - A Cross Sectional Study of Prevalence and Characteristics

Hip disability can substantially have impact on both activities and health in general [3]. To promote and maintain health, physical activity for a minimum of 30 minutes, five days/week (moderate intensity), or vigorous intensity aerobic activity for a minimum of 20 minutes, three days/week (or a combination) is recommended [4]. But a large proportion of the adult population is physically inactive so effective strategies to promote physical activity must be developed [5]. On individual basis, physical activity on prescription (PaP®) can increase physical activity [6].