Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An empirical study on the application of mutation testing for a safety-critical industrial software system

Background: Testing is an essential activity in safety-critical software development, following high standards in terms of code coverage. Mutation testing allows assessing the effectiveness of testing and helps to further improve test cases. However, mutation testing is not widely practiced due to scalability problems when applied to real-world systems. Objective: The objective of the study is to investigate the applicability and usefulness of mutation testing for improving the quality of unit testing in context of safety-critical software systems. Method: A case study has been conducted together with an engineering company developing safety-critical systems. Mutation analysis has been applied to the studied system under test (60,000 LOC of C code) producing 75,043 mutants of which 27,158 survived test execution. A sample of 200 live mutants has been reviewed by the engineers, who also improved the existing unit test suite based on their findings. Findings: The reviewed sample contained 24+ equivalent mutants and 12+ duplicated mutants. It revealed a weak spot in the testing approach and provided valuable guidance to improve the existing unit test suite. Two new faults were found in the code when improving the tests. Test execution against the mutants required over 4,000 hours computing time. The overall effort was about half a person year.
Genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci influencing LDL size and plasma triglyceride in familial hypertriglyceridemia Published, JLR Papers in Press, August 16, 2003. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M300272-JLR200

Small, dense LDLs and hypertriglyceridemia, two highly correlated and genetically influenced risk factors, are known to predict for risk of coronary heart disease. The objective of this study was to perform a whole-genome scan for linkage to LDL size and triglyceride (TG) levels in 26 kindreds with familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG). LDL size was estimated using gradient gel electrophoresis, and genotyping was performed for 355 autosomal markers with an average heterozygosity of 76% and an average spacing of 10.2 centimorgans (cMs). Using variance components linkage analysis, one possible linkage was found for LDL size [logarithm of odds (LOD) = 2.1] on chromosome 6, peak at 140 cM distal to marker F13A1 (closest marker D6S2436). With adjustment for TG and/or HDL cholesterol, the LOD scores were reduced, but remained in exactly the same location. For TG, LOD scores of 2.56 and 2.44 were observed at two locations on chromosome 15, with peaks at 29 and 61 cM distal to marker D15S822 (closest markers D15S643 and D15S211, respectively). These peaks were retained with adjustment for LDL size and/or HDL cholesterol. These findings, if confirmed, suggest that LDL particle size and plasma TG levels could be caused by two different genetic loci in FHTG.
PHASES and the natural history of unruptured aneurysms: science or pseudoscience?

We thank Dr Darsaut et al 1 for their attention paid to the PHASES score and for sharing their thinking in an opinion paper 2 years after the publication of our article.2 The authors discuss whether or not prediction modeling based on data from previous observational studies is science. Their final conclusion is that the only valid way to decide whether or not unruptured aneurysms should be treated is to compare outcomes in patients eligible for both options (ie, aneurysm occlusion …
A Model of HSP70 Synthesis in Barley Aleurone Cells During Heat Shock

Heat shock is a naturally occurring environmental stressor for plants. This stressor usually causes protein dysfunction and prevents them from properly folding, assembling, translocating and degrading. Heat-shock proteins (Hsps)/chaperones are a response protein that helps in providing assistance against the protein dysfunctions listed above. They play a critical role in protecting plants from the stress of heat-shock. They do this by re-establishing homeostasis within the cell, by either stabilizing existing structures (role of small Hsps) or allowing proteins to refold (the large Hsps). Thus, there are several different classes of heat shock proteins that help in stabilizing the cell. The one that we will be focusing on, however, is Hsp70. This Hsp interacts with a variety of cochaperone proteins that help in refolding the unfolded proteins (Wang et al., 2004). The major role that Hsp70 plays in cells are preventing aggregation, assisting refolding, protein import and translocation, signal transduction, and transcriptional activation (Wang et al., 2004). It is additionally one of the first Hsps to be expressed during HSR. On top of this, some Hsp70 help to control the folded regulatory proteins, and may actually act as a negative repressor of heat-shock factor (HSF) mediated transcription (Wang et al., 2004). In our particular study, we are looking at the secretion of alpha-amylase mRNA and the synthesis of Hsp70 proteins as a result of heat-shock that takes place in the aleurone layer of barley. To test whether or not these Hsps assist in the destabilized alpha-amylase mRNA or of the delamellation process of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), heat shocked cells were treated with the transcription inhibitor cordycepin, which effectively inhibits the synthesis of hsps yet does not affect alpha-amylase synthesis after this enzyme has been fully induced by gibberellic acid (12 hours) (Brodl et al., 1990). Although Hsps have been known to help with thermotolerance, in barley aleurone cells they do not play a major role in other heat-shock induced changes their targets are primarily existing proteins, and so Hsp70 does not confer thermo-protection to larger structures such as the endoplasmic reticulum (Brodl et al., 1990). In this paper, we explore the extant literature to help inform and contextualize our modeling project on Hsp70 and its effects in the aleurone layer in barley. We have constructed a system of differential equations designed to model
Glasgow Coma Scale in acute poisonings before and after use of antidote in patients with history of use of psychotropic agents.

INTRODUCTION Data on emergency interventions in poisonings are scarce. Objective To determine the effectiveness of antidote therapy in acute poisoning-related emergency medical services (EMS) interventions. METHODS A prospective observational study included all poisoning-related intervention cases over 3 years (1999-2001) in the Celje region, Slovenia, covering 125,000 inhabitants. Data were recorded on an EMS form. RESULTS Psychoactive agents were present in 56.5% out of 244 poisoning-related EMS interventions. Prescription drugs were a cause of intoxication in 93 (39.2%) cases alone or in combination with alcohol or illegal drugs. More than one fifth of poisonings were due to the use of illegal drugs in 52 (21.9%) cases, 43 (18.1%) out of them heroin related. At the time of EMS arrival, more patients who ingested illegal drugs were in coma or comatose than the rest. 24 (45.3%) vs. 32 (17.3%) of poisoned patients were in coma (p < 0.001). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the first contact was lower in patients who ingested illegal drugs than in the remaining patients (9.0 vs. 11.6, p = 0.001). In 23.2% of the cases, an antidote was administered. In 29 (12.2%) naloxone and in 16 (6.7%) flumazenil was administered. Mean GCS after intervention was higher in all cases but significantly higher in illegal drug cases, 13.4 vs. 12.2 (p = 0.001), with a mean positive change in GCS of 4.5 vs. 0.6 (p < 0.001). In illegal drug users, mean change after antidote administration was 8.2 vs. 0.5 without antidote administration (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION High rate of successful antidote use during the intervention indicated the importance of good EMS protocols and the presence of a skilled doctor in the EMS team.
Clinical Presentation of Paget's Disease of the Bone in Older Patients

To determine the clinical presentation and manifestations of Paget's disease of the bone in patients older than 60 years, we reviewed the cases of 56 patients attending a bone clinic. Pain was the presenting symptom in 34 cases. It was attributed to the disease process in 21 cases, to osteoarthritis in 11, to trigeminal neuralgia in 1, and to osteosarcoma in 1. Other clinical manifestations included deformities (15 cases), diminished mobility and unsteady gait (9), hearing impairment (7), lethargy (4), diminished vision (3), cognitive deficit (3), sense of warmth in limbs (2), ill-fitting dentures (1), and fracture (1). We concluded that in patients older than 60 years, Paget's disease of the bone may present itself in a variety of ways, some of which may be mistakenly attributed to the “aging process” or some other disease. Furthermore, in this age group, osteoarthritis is responsible for the pain experienced by about one third of symptomatic patients.
Optical and Current Noise of GaN Based Light Emitting Diodes

Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) are expected to find applications for solid-state lighting, water and air purification, bio-agent detection, and biological fluorescence experiments. For identifying miniscule amounts of hazardous biological pathogens and for the detection of fluorescence from protein molecules excited with the UV light (200-300nm) the light source must exhibit low noise and high stability over tens of minutes. The authors report on the low frequency fluctuations of the current and light intensity of SET UVTOPreg LEDs (fabricated by SET, Inc.) with wavelengths ranging from 265nm to 340nm
Empirical Analysis of Listed Company′s Board Character and Performance

Based on the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed company in February,2011,the paper uses SPSS software to extract the performance factor of total return on assets,return on net assets,earnings of per share,and gives an empirical study to find the relationship between listed company′s board characters and performance.The results show that duality leadership structure positively and significantly affected corporate performance;board independence was positively and significantly associated with performance;the relationship between ratio of inside directors and performance was inverted U-shaped;directors with PHD was positively and significantly associated with performance;female directors on firm performance was not significant;the optimal size of board has not been verified.
Some Medical and other Aspects of Bacterial Chemistry

The evolution of bacterial chemistry as applied to medicine from bacterial chemistry as applied for economic purposes is traced. The outlook of the bacterial chemist is contrasted with that of the medical bacteriologist. The possible results of the study of bacterial nutrition from the medical aspect are noted. Difficulties arise from the fact that the nutrition of a single species varies. A variation in bacterial enzymes results from alteration in the substrate. The evolution of bacteria from primitive autotrophic types to the parasitic types of the present day may be explained on the basis of an evolution depending upon a gradual alteration in the substrate. The primitive bacteria in an evolutionary sense are endowed with great powers of synthesis, while the evolved bacteria are not. Thus, while the primitive bacteria can synthesize their protoplasm from simple nutrients, the parasitic bacteria cannot and must receive complex compounds pre-formed. In the case of parasitic bacteria this taking of nutrients from the tissue cells may have a bearing upon disease. An infective disease may in part be a deficiency disease. An essential cell nutrient may be taken from the cells by the bacteria, with a result that they cannot function properly in the “anti” sense.
Natural relationship between bacteroides and flavobacteria

Comparisons among 16S rRNA sequences from various eubacteria reveal a natural relationship between the bacteroides (represented by the Bacteroides fragilis sequence) and a phylogenetic unit that comprises the flavobacteria, cytophagae, flexibacteria, and others (represented by the Flavobacterium heparinum sequence). Although the relationship is not a close one, it is, nevertheless, specific. rRNAs from these two organisms are not only closer to one another in overall sequence than they are to outgroup species (such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens), but they show common idiosyncrasies (i.e., derived characteristics) in both rRNA sequences and higher-order structures.
Alignment and calibration of the MgF2 biplate compensator for applications in rotating-compensator multichannel ellipsometry.

Biplate compensators made from MgF2 are being used increasingly in rotating-element single-channel and multichannel ellipsometers. For the measurement of accurate ellipsometric spectra, the compensator must be carefully (i) aligned internally to ensure that the fast axes of the two plates are perpendicular and (ii) calibrated to determine the phase retardance delta versus photon energy E. We present alignment and calibration procedures for multichannel ellipsometer configurations with special attention directed to the precision, accuracy, and reproducibility in the determination of delta (E). Run-to-run variations in external compensator alignment, i.e., alignment with respect to the incident beam, can lead to irreproducibilities in delta of approximately 0.2 degrees . Errors in the ellipsometric measurement of a sample can be minimized by calibrating with an external compensator alignment that matches as closely as possible that used in the measurement.
A Framework that Uses the Web for Named Entity Class Identification: Case Study for Indian Classical Music Forums

Identification of named entity(NE) class (semantic class) is crucial for NLP problems like coreference resolution where semantic compatibility between the entity mentions is imperative to coreference decision. Short and noisy text containing the entity makes it challenging to extract the NE class of the entity through the context. We introduce a framework for named entity class identification for a given entity, using the web when the entity boundaries are known. The proposed framework will be beneficial for specialized domains where data and class label challenges exist. We demonstrate the benefit of our framework through a case study of Indian classical music forums. Apart from person and location included in standard semantic classes, here we also consider raga 1 , song, instrument and music concept. Our baseline approach follows a heuristic based method making use of Freebase, a structured web repository. The search engine based approaches acquire context from the web for an entity and perform named entity class identification. This approach shows improvement compared to baseline performance and it is further improved with the hierarchical classification introduced. In summary, our framework is a first-of-its-kind validation of viability of the web for NE class identification.
A new current-fed high step-up quasi-resonant DC-DC converter with voltage quadrupler

A new high step-up DC-DC converter with voltage quadrupler (HCVQ) for Fuel Cell (FC) application is presented in this paper. This converter employs two Quasi-Resonant (QR) and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) schemes, and the converter's performance in these modes is compared. In both schemes, switches work under Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) condition, and output diodes work under Zero Current Switching (ZCS). As a result of incorporating the resonant operation for main switch in QR scheme, its turn-off voltage and current is lower than PWM scheme, so total switching loss is reduced, and switches have approximately the same conduction losses. The proposed converter in QR scheme operates in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM). Also it has a higher voltage gain and efficiency in comparison with the one using PWM scheme. Moreover, this converter is compared with conventional half-bridge current-fed converter with voltage doubler (HCVD). Finally, two 150 W HCVQ with QR and PWM schemes and one HCVQ are simulated to validate the theoretical and simulation results.
3D colour marker based tracking of surgical tool in image-guided surgery

Image-Guided Surgery (IGS) uses computer technology with graphical display for pre-surgical planning and for guiding or performing surgical intervention. Medical navigation system in IGS can provide two functionalities; visualization and guidance of the surgical tool's motion. Tool tracking in visualization is very important for accuracy and precision. In this work an optical tracking using colour markers is being proposed as an alternative method for the tool detection and tracking process in the medical navigation system. The proposed system is developed using C++ for real time accuracy. Graphical user interface is also included for system control and online monitoring display. Our lab experiments show that the proposed navigation system can track the surgical tool which is attached with colour markers and display the 3D position of the tool in real time. The results has shown that the proposed navigation system automatically detect any changes of the target position while the tool is moving.
Board representation in international joint ventures

Research summary: Relatively little attention has been paid to boards in international joint ventures (IJVs), and the composition of these boards in particular. We examine the determinants of foreign partners' representation on IJV boards in order to advance our knowledge of this facet of IJV governance. We argue that a foreign partner's representation on the IJV board is related to its equity contribution. However, we hypothesize that this relationship is moderated by IJV and host country characteristics that affect the importance of the internal and external roles IJV boards serve. These results provide insights into the conditions under which a partner might wish to secure greater board representation for its level of equity, or utilize less board representation than might be suggested by its equity level alone. Managerial summary: The functioning and composition of corporate boards have long been seen as critical to managers and shareholders alike. In contrast, the boards of IJVs have been relatively neglected. We advance our knowledge of this important facet of IJV governance. Specifically, we highlight the importance of two roles (i.e., an internal and external role) that IJV boards and directors fulfill. We find that the importance of these internal and external roles of boards determines whether a foreign partner might wish to secure greater board representation for its level of equity, or utilize less board representation than might be suggested by its equity level alone. Our results provide novel insights that can help managers structure their IJV boards. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Lower Bound for Structuring Element Decompositions

A theoretical lower bound on the number of points required in the decomposition of morphological structuring elements is described. It is shown that the decomposition of an arbitrary N-point structuring element will require at least (3 ln N/ln 3)points. Using this lower bound it is possible to find the optimal decompositions (in terms of the minimum number of unions or the minimum number of points) for all one-dimensional connected line segments. L-dimensional rectangles may be decomposed by optimally decomposing the L one-dimensional line segments that describe the rectangle. >
Stressed skin? – a molecular psychosomatic update on stress‐causes and effects in dermatologic diseases

A pathogenetically relevant link between stress, in terms of psychosocial stress, and disease was first described in the 1970s, when it was proven that viral diseases of mucous membranes (such as rhinovirus and Coxsackie virus infections) develop faster and more severe after stress exposure. Since then, there has been an annual increase in the number of publications which investigate this relationship and break it down to the molecular level. Nevertheless, the evidences for the impact of psychosocial stress on chronic inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors are hardly known. In the present review, we outline current insights into epidemiology, psychoneuroimmunology, and molecular psychosomatics which demonstrate the manifold disease‐relevant interactions between the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. The focus is on stress‐induced shifts in immune balance in exemplary disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and malignant melanoma. The objective of this article is to convey basic psychosomatic knowledge with respect to etiology, symptomatology, and therapeutic options for chronic skin diseases. Particular attention is directed towards the underlying molecular relationships, both from a somatic to mental as well as a mental to somatic perspective.
Investigation and Research on Chinese Women's Participation in Mass Sports and Its General Condition in the Current Period

Based on the data collected in the Chinese people's participation in mass sports in 2001, the paper summed up, analyzed and research the general condition of Chinese women's participation in mass sports in the current period and the affecting factors to learn its present status, reveal the existing problems in this area, hoping to improving various sports department's work and management of women sports and provide reference for scientific decisions.
Improved Outcomes of Renal Transplantation from Cardiac Death Donors: A 30‐Year Single Center Experience

Outcomes of renal transplantation from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors over 30 years were analyzed. Between 1975 and 2004, 256 renal transplantations from DCD donors were performed. The recipients were divided into four groups according to a time period as follows: 1975–1979 (Group 1; n = 18), 1980–1989 (Group 2; n = 81), 1990–1999 (Group 3; n = 84) and 2000–2004 (Group 4; n = 73). Of the 256 transplanted kidneys from DCD donors, 38 (15%) functioned immediately after transplantation. The incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) was 72%. Warm ischemic time and total ischemic time were 7.4 ± 9.4 min and 11.9 ± 5.6 h, respectively. The overall graft survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 80%, 72% and 53%, respectively. Graft survival rates in each group have continually improved over time (5‐year graft survival; 23% vs. 64% vs. 74% vs. 91%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in graft survival rates between the groups of patients who survived with a functioning graft for more than 1 year. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed acute rejection and donor age to be independently associated with graft outcome. DCD donors are a valuable source of kidneys for transplantation with promising long‐term outcomes.