Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of soybean glycinin and β‐conglycinin fractionated by using MgCl2 instead of CaCl2

A simple two step precipitation method was used to investigate the effect of MgCl 2 instead of CaCl 2 on fractionation of soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin. Compositional and physicochemical properties of the resulting protein fractions were characterised. The optimised procedure, in terms of protein yield, purity, phytate content and physicochemical properties, was obtained when the addition of 5 mM MgCl 2 was used. After application of 5 mM MgCl 2 , the phytate content of the glycinin-rich and β-conglycinin-rich fractions was about 0.4% and 1.3%, respectively, but the addition of 5 mM CaCl 2 increased the phytate content of the glycinin-rich fraction to 1.25% and decreased that of β-conglycinin-rich fraction to 0.67%. Low phytate protein product was suitable for use in infant formula and acidic food. The solubility of the glycinin-rich fractions with MgCl 2 was significantly higher than that with CaCl 2 at pH < 4.5. Application of MgCl 2 improved thermal stability of the β-conglycinin-rich fraction.
Biology, husbandry, and reproduction of freshwater stingrays.

In the freshwater aquarium, stingrays are among the most desired of unusual pets. Although a couple species have been commercially available for some time, they remain relatively uncommon in home aquariums. They are often avoided by aquarists due to their reputation for being fragile and difficult to maintain. As with many fishes that share this reputation, it is partly undeserved. A healthy ray is a robust animal, and problems are often due to lack of a proper understanding of care requirements. In the last few years many more species have been exported from South America on a regular basis. As a result, many are just recently being captive bred for the first time. These advances will be making additional species of freshwater stingray increasingly available in the near future. This article answers this newly expanded supply of wild-caught rays and an anticipated increased availability of captive-bred specimens by discussing their general biology, husbandry, and reproduction in order help ray owners have the best experience possible with these fascinating animals.
New Technologies for the Advancement of Fisheries Science

There is every reason to believe that the biology and dynamics of marine fish populations are no less complex than those of terrestrial animals. However, the technical problems of "observing" (in its widest sense) how individuals and populations behave and function in their natural environment has always been a fundamental problem in the development of our understanding of the processes that affect and regulate fish populations and, consequently, the rules and assumptions used to model the responses of fish populations to exploitation and management actions. Since Beverton and Holt wrote On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations, there has been unprecedented development in the technologies available to study fish at sea and in our ability to model and predict population processes. These include, inter alia, fisheries acoustics, telemetry, molecular genetics, stable isotope microchemistry and computationally intensive modelling. In addition, developments in the technologies available to study the marine environment and to model environmental processes now allow us to integrate fish biology and the environment in a way never previously possible. Here, we explore what new technologies exist and what they may hold for the future understanding of fish biology and the development of fisheries science.
Factores de transcrição artificiais na identificação de genes celulares importantes na infecciosidade do HIV-1

x 1. Introdução . 1 1.1. A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida . 1 1.2. A estrutura e o genoma do HIV-1 . 2 1.3. O ciclo replicativo do HIV-1 . 3 1.4. Factores celulares importantes na infecção viral . 5 1.5. Diferentes abordagens no combate à infecção viral . 7 1.6. Factores de transcrição de zinc-fingers artificiais . 8 1.7. Objectivos . 9 2. Materiais e Métodos . 10 2.1. Materiais . 10 2.1.1. Reagentes Gerais . 10 2.1.2. Linhas Celulares . 10 2.1.3. Plasmídios e Estirpe Bacteriana . 10 2.1.4. Oligonucleótidos Iniciadores e Enzimas . 11 2.2. Métodos . 12 2.2.1. Amplificação de DNA Plasmídico . 12 2.2.2. Produção, concentração e purificação de partículas lentivirais contendo as bibliotecas 5FG, 5FG/A e 5FA . 12 2.2. 3. Quantificação de partículas virais . 13 2.2. 4. Transdução de células Jurkat com partículas lentivirais contendo as bibliotecas 5FG, 5FG/A e 5FA.13 2.2. 5. Citometria de Fluxo e FACS de células Jurkat GFP+ . 14 2.2. 6. Produção de partículas virais . 14 2.2. 7. Ensaio de Infecção com HIV-1 HSA e Selecção de células CD24 negativas . 15 2.2. 8. Isolamento de clones que expressam TFZF . 16 2.2. 9. Ensaios de produção viral para pesquisa de clones resistentes . 16
Development of wastewater reuse system to eliminate the risk of microbial infection and toxicity to fish

The Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) with a biological filter is the most noticeable representative which treats internally the water polluted with dissolved organics and ammonia. It also decreases the amount of water use. This study showed lower microbial content and lesser toxic element in treated water than non-treated water. Among the treatment 1, 2 and 3, treatment 3 showed lower microbial content; Aeromonus, Pseudomonus (20 × 10-4 CFUml-1, 30 × 10-3 CFUml-1) with low toxic elements; total ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.69 ± 0.3 gm , Nitrite-N concentration 2.1±1.5 gm , Nitrate 0.69 mg/L, CO2 510 mg/L, pH 7.16 ± 0.14 than other treatments 1 (35 × 10 CFU ml-1 , 45 × 10-3 CFUml-1) and treatment 2 (50 × 10 CFUml-1 , 30 × 10 CFUml-1). Usually maximum microbial content; Aeromonus, Pseudomonus (250 × 10 CFUml-1, 190 × 10 CFUml-1) and maximum toxic effect (total ammonia nitrogen concentration 1.20 gm-3 , Nitrite-N concentration 6.66 gm , Nitrate 5.0 mg/L, CO2 15 mg/L, pH 7.48) was observed in the control condition (Non-treated water). This study indicates that the wastewater treatment using biological filter in case of microbial infection and toxic elements.
Pathogenesis of Invertebrate Microbial Diseases

Some people may be laughing when looking at you reading in your spare time. Some may be admired of you. And some may want be like you who have reading hobby. What about your own feel? Have you felt right? Reading is a need and a hobby at once. This condition is the on that will make you feel that you must read. If you know are looking for the book enPDFd pathogenesis of invertebrate microbial diseases as the choice of reading, you can find here.
The Influence of Estrogen Signaling on Male Reproduction in Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

The Influence of Estrogen Signaling on Male Reproduction in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) by Hilary D. Miller Environment Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ David E. Hinton, Supervisor ___________________________ Seth W. Kullman ___________________________ Richard T. Di Giulio ___________________________ Vickie S. Wilson An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environment in the Graduate School of Duke University
Inter-Subject Variability in the Activation of Proguanil to the Active Cycloguanil in Ghanaians

One hundred and thirty-two healthy Ghanaian volunteers were randomly selected and the activation of the anti malarial drug proguanil (PG) to the active metabolite cycloguanil (CG) was evaluated in them. These volunteers were made up of 16.7% females and 83.3% males. The volunteers were phenotyped either as extensive metabolisers (EMs) or poor metabolisers (PMs) by measuring the proguanil/cycloguanil ratio in their urine following a single dose of the pro-drug. One hundred and twenty-six subjects (97 %) were EMs while 6 subjects (3%) were PMs. The pharmacokinetic parameters of proguanil were not significantly different between 5 EM and 2 PM subjects, although the PM did show a higher plasma proguanil concentration after distribution phase and a longer elimination half life. Cycloguanil characteristics were not different between the groups as was expected. The prevalence of 3 % of PM phenotype of proguanil metabolism in Ghanaians is comparable to results obtained in Caucasians 3­ 6% , but differ from what was obtained in Kenya (35%). This finding suggests a lesser variability of proguanil metabolism in Ghanaians. The maximum average plasma cycloguanil concentration of 93.4ng/ml obtained for the PMs in this study also showed that the metabolite concentrations achieved would be effective against many strains of £. Falciparum. vii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug. edu.gh
DISTINCT BRAINSTEM ORIGINS OF CARDIAC VAGAL TONE AND RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA

Cardiac vagal tone is a major determinant of health. Its brainstem origins are unknown, but can be investigated in the working heart‐brainstem preparation (WHBP), which shows cardiac vagal tone with a normal pattern of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Ongoing activity in the cardiac vagal branch peaks in late inspiration/postinspiration, correlating with the minimum heart rate of RSA. Bilateral inhibition of the pontine Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus (KF) with isoguvacine (GABAA receptor agonist; 10 mM, 40‐60nl) abolished RSA at the same time as removing postinspiratory phrenic activity. Mean heart rate rose modestly (mean +13 bpm). Transection of the caudal pons also abolished RSA and raised heart rate (mean +32 bpm). Cardiac vagal nerve activity continued, however, adopting a tonic discharge pattern with minor early‐inspiratory dips. The tachycardia due to atropine (0.1μg/ml) after KF inhibition or pontine transection confirmed that substantial cardiac vagal tone survived those procedures (79 ± 15.4 bpm, n=4 and 51 ± 9.7 bpm, n=7 respectively). We conclude that most cardiac vagal tone is independent of RSA and originates separately, in part from structures below the pons.
Fifty years of mapping the Balkan flora for Atlas Florae Europaeae

: Atlas Florae Europaeae ( AFE ), a programme for mapping the distribution of vascular plants in Europe, was launched in 1965 as a collaborative effort between European botanists. A historical review of the mapping for AFE in the Balkan countries, cited in the last volume (16) from 2013 as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic (F. Y. R.) of Macedonia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and Turkey (European part), is presented and achievements and problems discussed. The special challenges facing mapping of the Balkan area during the past 50 years include the extremely rich flora, diverse and mountainous relief, political and economic difficulties, inaccessibility of available data, and scarcity of botanists contributing and collecting data for mapping.
Mirmecofauna epigéica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em plantios de Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) na região oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a mirmecofauna em plantios distintos de eucalipto. Para tanto, inventariou-se afauna de formigas epigeicas em talhoes com tres e dois anos de idade, das especies Eucalyptus dunnii, E. grandise E. urograndis (clone hibrido de E. grandis x E. urophylla), localizados no oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul,Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente de marco a agosto de 2009, utilizando-se oito armadilhas desolo do tipo pitfall, contendo liquido conservante, distribuidas dez metros uma da outra, nas seis areas avaliadas. Acomposicao de especies de formigas presente no sub-bosque nao apresentou variacao de acordo com as idades dasarvores, sendo que a riqueza de especies de formigas parece estar ligada a especie de eucalipto implantada.
A Possible Role of Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide in Regulating Immune Response in Hepatopancreas of Mud Crab

Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), a cyclic amidated non-apeptide, is widely found in arthropods. The functions of CCAP have been revealed to include regulation of heart rate, intestinal peristalsis, molting, and osmotic pressure. However, to date, there has not been any report on the possible involvement of CCAP in immunoregulation in crustaceans. In this study, a CCAP precursor (designated as Sp-CCAP) was identified in the commercially important mud crab Scylla paramamosain, which could be processed into four CCAP-associated peptides and one mature peptide (PFCNAFTGC-NH2). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that Sp-CCAP was highly conserved in crustaceans. RT-PCR results revealed that Sp-CCAP was expressed in nerve tissues and gonads, whereas the Sp-CCAP receptor gene (Sp-CCAPR) was expressed in 12 tissues of S. paramamosain, including hepatopancreas. In situ hybridization further showed that an Sp-CCAPR-positive signal is mainly localized in the F-cells of hepatopancreas. Moreover, the mRNA expression level of Sp-CCAPR in the hepatopancreas was significantly up-regulated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)] challenge. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression level of Sp-CCAPR, nuclear transcription factor NF-κB homologs (Sp-Dorsal and Sp-Relish), member of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway (Sp-P38), pro-inflammatory cytokines factor (Sp-TNFSF and Sp-IL16), and antimicrobial peptide (Sp-Lysozyme, Sp-ALF, Sp-ALF4, and Sp-ALF5) in the hepatopancreas were all up-regulated after the administration of synthetic Sp-CCAP mature peptide both in vivo and in vitro. The addition of synthetic Sp-CCAP mature peptide in vitro also led to an increase in nitric oxide (NO) concentration and an improved bacterial clearance ability in the hepatopancreas culture medium. The present study suggested that Sp-CCAP signaling system might be involved in the immune responses of S. paramamosain by activating immune molecules on the hepatopancreas. Collectively, our findings shed new light on neuroendocrine-immune regulatory system in arthropods and could potentially provide a new strategy for disease prevention and control for mud crab aquaculture.
Galactosylated liposomes with proton sponge capacity : a novel hepatocyte-specific gene transfer system.

ii Preface . iv Declaration. v Acknowledgements . vi List of Figures . xiii List of Tables . xvii List of Abbreviations . xviii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Gene therapy: An overview . 1 1.2 The liver: An attractive target organ for gene therapy . 2 1.2.1 Hepatocytes as targets for gene delivery . 4 1.3 Vectors for hepatocyte-directed gene transfer . 6 1.3. 1 Viral Methods . 8 1.3. 2 Non-viral methods . 8 1.3. 2.1 Physical methods . 9 1.3. 2.2 Chemical methods . 9 1.3. 2.2.1 Liposomes . 11 1.3. 2.2.1.1 Cationic liposomes . 12 1.4 Cell-specific gene transfer . 17 1.4. 1 Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) . 17 1.4. 2 The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) . 20
The Catlin Seaview Survey – kilometre‐scale seascape assessment, and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems

Marine ecosystems provide critically important goods and services to society, and hence their accelerated degradation underpins an urgent need to take rapid, ambitious and informed decisions regarding their conservation and management. The capacity, however, to generate the detailed field data required to inform conservation planning at appropriate scales is limited by time and resource consuming methods for collecting and analysing field data at the large scales required. The ‘Catlin Seaview Survey’, described here, introduces a novel framework for large-scale monitoring of coral reefs using high-definition underwater imagery collected using customized underwater vehicles in combination with computer vision and machine learning. This enables quantitative and geo-referenced outputs of coral reef features such as habitat types, benthic composition, and structural complexity (rugosity) to be generated across multiple kilometre-scale transects with a spatial resolution ranging from 2 to 6 m2. The novel application of technology described here has enormous potential to contribute to our understanding of coral reefs and associated impacts by underpinning management decisions with kilometre-scale measurements of reef health. Imagery datasets from an initial survey of 500 km of seascape are freely available through an online tool called the Catlin Global Reef Record. Outputs from the image analysis using the technologies described here will be updated on the online repository as work progresses on each dataset. Case studies illustrate the utility of outputs as well as their potential to link to information from remote sensing. The potential implications of the innovative technologies on marine resource management and conservation are also discussed, along with the accuracy and efficiency of the methodologies deployed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Etudes des échanges génétiques entre poliovirus et coxsackievirus : un modèle d'écosystème, d'évolution et d'émergence virale

Les virus ARN comme le poliovirus (PV), l'agent pathogene de la poliomyelite, possedent une grande plasticite genetique du a leur fort taux de mutation et leur capacite a echanger du materiel genetique par recombinaison. Cette plasticite caracterise egalement les souches attenuees du vaccin polio oral et favorise l'emergence de PV pathogenes d'origine vaccinale (cPVDV) qui sont la cause d'epidemies de poliomyelite. Ces cPVDV sont des virus recombinants entre le PV et d'autres enterovirus humains de type C, des coxsackievirus A (CV-A). L'objectif de notre etude a ete de determiner les mecanismes qui regulent les echanges genetiques entre PV et CV-A et qui contribuent a l'emergence des cPVDV. Nous avons a cet effet developpe un modele de recombinaison aleatoire, non replicatif base sur la co-transfection de cellules avec des ARN defectifs de PV et de CV-A. Nos resultats vont dans le sens d'une recombinaison PV/CV-A de type modulaire, respectant l'integralite et/ou les fonctions de modules fonctionnels parentaux. Ces etudes devraient nous permettre de mieux comprendre la diversite generee a travers la recombinaison, l'emergence des cPVDV et eventuellement, dans le futur, de la prevenir.
Uso e limitações da tolerância imunológica periférica em modelo de asma experimental

Borducchi E. Use and limitations of peripheral tolerance in experimental model of asthma [Thesis, PhD Programme in Imunollogy]. São Paulo: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo; 2009. Asthma is a chronic lung disease associated with eosinphils, broncus hyperactivity, mucus and elevated levels of IgE. It is known that mucosal administration of soluble proteins, before the sensitization with the same protein, leads to a specific state of hyporesponsiveness, a process known as mucosal tolerance. In this work we studied the effect of LPS inhalation during the induction of ovalbumin (OVA) nasal tolerance. The majority of murine models of asthma used OVA as allergen, although its prevalence as a cause of asthma is low. Thus, we also used, in this study, Blomia tropicalis (Bt) allergens that are more common in asthmatic patients. Intrinsic features of the allergens presented in the mite extract block the nasal tolerance establishment. Experimental data indicates that tolerance towards an Ag can promote tolerance to another not related Ag (cross-tolerance). Therefore, we evaluated if OVA or hen-egg white lisozyme (HEL) tolerance could result in crosstolerance to the Bt allergen. Our data showed that administration of LPS during induction of nasal tolerance to OVA prevents the establishment of this tolerance, resulting in neutrophil and mononuclear cells migration to the lungs and IgG2a production, decreased levels of IgE and increased anaphylactic IgG1. Indeed, the LPS administration during the induction of tolerance induces a peculiar allergic state. In relation to cross-tolerance, we verify that nasal tolerance to HEL or OVA is not capable in induce cross-tolerance towards responses against the Bt extract. On the other hand, OVA oral tolerance is absolutely able to induce cross-tolerance to responses against Bt, with inhibition of both IgE and anaphylactic IgG1 Bt-specific antibodies. The cross tolerance occur only if the tolerated antigen (OVA) is presented together with Bt allergen. Finally, we verified that in allergen sensitized mice the induction of oral tolerance with OVA does not lead to cross-tolerance.
Detection of Neural Fates from Random Differentiation : Application of Support Vector MachineMin

Embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into various types of cells, requiring a tight regulation of transcription. Biomarkers related to each lineage of cells are used to guide the differentiation into neural or any other fates. In previous experiments, we reported the guided differentiation (GD)-specific genes by comparing profiles of random differentiation (RD). Interestingly 68% of differentially expressed genes in GD overlap with that of RD, which makes it difficult for us to separate the lineages by examining several markers. In this paper, we design a prediction model to identify the differentiation into neural fates from any other lineage. From the profiles of 11,376 genes, 203 differentially expressed genes between neural and random differentiation were selected by random variance T-test with 95% confidence and 5% false discovery rate. Based on support vector machine algorithm, we could select 79 marker genes from the 203 informative genes to construct the optimal prediction model. Here we propose a prediction model for the prediction of neural fates from random differentiation which is constructed with a perfect accuracy.
AGGREGATE MULTI-INCLUSION INTERACTION AND INTERFACE INFLUENCE ON CONCRETE COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR

The presence of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between aggregates and the mortar matrix in concrete has been studied extensively. A numerical and experimental study involving concrete specimens with multi-inclusions was conducted, and the ITZ was modeled as a cutoff bar in the finite element analysis, representing the shear and tensile behavior. The mortar specimens were sized 100 mm by 100 mm, with a thickness of 50 mm, and the inclusions were cylindrical aggregates with a diameter of 20.85 mm. The specimen was loaded in uniaxial compression. Two inclusion axes configurations were considered: parallel and perpendicular to the line of loading. The finite element analysis was performed assuming a 2D behavior. Further, the aspect of the distance between inclusions was studied. It was shown that, in general, the perpendicular arrangement resulted in a significantly higher compression strength when compared to the parallel formation. For both the parallel and perpendicular configuration, the relationship between the increase in the axis distance and the compression strength followed a quadratic path. First an increase in strength was observed, followed by a reduction, as the axis distance evolved. Additionally, it was shown that the ITZ area in tension initiated the failure of all specimens.