Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL BIO - YOGHURT MADE FROM CAMEL MILK, SKIM MILK RETENTATE AND FORTIFIED WITH SWEET POTATO POWDER

The goal of this study was done to estimate the effect of partially replacement of camel's milk with skim milk retentate (SMR) as well as fortification with sweet potato powder (SPP) on the physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, microstructure and sensory properties of the resultant bio- yoghurt, during the storage. Yoghurt was made from camel milk as a control (C), and the other treatments were made from camel milk after replacing 30% or 40% of it by SMR, and fortified with 0, 1.5 and 3% SPP. Addition of (SM) aimed to overcome the problem of long coagulation time and the weak body arising by using camel milk. Results revealed that treatments of camel milk supplemented with (SMR) and (SPP) were more effective in increasing the total solids, protein, ash, total carbohydrates, acidity and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA). Curd firmness and syneresis were also affected, by the level of SMR and SPP. This fortification resulted in increasing the water holding capacity and lowering the susceptibility to syneresis in the supported yoghurt. Microbiological results revealed that the counts of L . delbruecii spp. bulgaricus, and S.thermophi lu s were increased up to 3 days of storage then decreased gradually thereafter , in all treatments till the end of the storage period , compared with control one. B . bifidum behaved another trend so it decreased gradually during the storage period. The survival rate of S.thermophills in treatments containing SMR and SPP was higher than that of both L . delbruecii spp . bulgaricus and B. bifidum . The viable cells of probiotic bacteria were maintained at the functional level (>106 cfu//ml) up to 10 days of storage. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the size of casein clusters and protein aggregates , the number and size of voids were not the same between the different treatments and was affected by the additives used . Sensory attributes showed that addition of SMR and SPP to camel milk improved greatly both the organoleptic properties, especially body & texture, the nutritive value and healthy benefits in the resultant yoghurt, compared to the control. The best treatment was yoghurt contained 40% SMR and 3% SPP. Control yoghurt was the lowest one in scoring and had very weak body (semi- liquid) and lack of acid flavor.
An Energy Function for Computing Structural Balance in Fully Signed Network

Structural balance in fully signed networks consisting of both individual attributes and social interactions has great importance on social computing, but its sociological or physical mechanisms still need further exploration, and its measurement is still lacking. In this article, we discuss the new mechanism of balance theory and design a new energy function to measure the global structural balance. An optimization algorithm that minimizes the energy function to detect the communities in structural balance is proposed as well, and experiment results show the excellent effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed method. An application on the investigated data from Shenzhen, China, is also provided to explain the social significance of structural balance.
Employees’ Perceived Quality of Work Life: a Comparative Study Between Private and Public Hospitals of Manipur (India)

In a health care organization, employees deal with various difficult tasks that exert intensive physical and mental pressure on them. The employees are directly responsible for the patient’s health and life till the patient are in their custody. If the employees have been associated with the mental and physical health injuries, it will affect the level of quality care. Thus, there arises a need to study the perceived QWL of the employees. This study attempts to examine and compare the level of QWL of employees between private and public hospitals of Manipur. The type of research followed is descriptive in nature. There are two populations of the study: one for the private hospital and the other for the public hospital. Each population consists of employees belonging to different categories such as doctors, nurses, technicians and front office personnel. The sample size of the study is 180 employees of a private hospital and 83 employees of a public hospital. The findings reveal that except doctors, all other employees of private and public hospitals have the same level of perceived QWL.
Current Status of Advanced Airway Training in the UK: A Survey of Advanced Airway Trainees

1Specialty Registrar, Department of Anaesthesia, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK 2Consultant Anaesthetist, Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK 3Specialty Registrar, Department of Anaesthesia, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK 4Consultant Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK Received date: 08 May 2016; Accepted date: 22 Nov 2016; Published date: 26 Nov 2016.
Strength Testing of Definitive Transtibial Prosthetic Sockets Made Using 3D-Printing Technology

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT Introduction Unlike endoskeletal connectors and prosthetic feet, prosthetic sockets are not subjected to structural strength testing using internationally recognized test standards, such as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10328. Definitive prosthetic sockets fabricated in the traditional manner have been shown to be inconsistent in the ability to withstand the loads applied by these standards. Persistent concerns regarding the strength and durability of 3D-printed prosthetic sockets are a barrier to clinical adoption of 3D-printing technologies in prosthetic socket fabrication. To develop a robust prosthetic socket design based on 3D-printing technology, an iterative development process was used with integral validation testing using the ISO 10328 loading conditions performed independently by two testing centers. Materials and Methods Twenty-four 3D-printed transtibial prosthetic sockets were tested using ISO 10328 loading conditions designed to represent the greatest atypical elevated loads a 125-kg user would be expected to place on their prosthesis without failure (ultimate strength test at the P6 load level). Several design iterations and variations were tested. One socket of a design that withstood the ultimate strength loading was reprinted and subjected to cyclic testing, up to 3 million cycles. All tests were conducted under the forefoot loading condition (Condition II of the ISO 10328 standard), which generates greater moments at the distal end of the socket than the heel loading condition. Results Early socket designs were unable to withstand the ISO 10328 ultimate strength test to the P6 load level. Successive design improvements increased the strength until a robust final design was achieved. Variations of that final design for different suspension types and a different limb model demonstrated consistent performance. The final design was significantly stronger than the initial design (P = 1.35 × 10−7). The socket that was tested for durability completed the 3 million loading cycles at the P6 load level without damage and withstood the subsequent static proof loads. Conclusions An iterative design process with integral structural testing can result in strong, durable prosthetic sockets made using 3D-printing technology that may be robust to variations in limb size/shape and suspension type.
Relative Poverty in Great Britain and the United States, 1979-2017

This paper examines the major changes to the face of poverty in Great Britain over the past few decades, assessing the role of policy, and compares and contrasts this with the patterns seen in the United States, using harmonised household survey data. There are various commonalities between the countries, including a shift in the composition of those in poverty towards working‐age households without children, who have not been the focus of policy attention. There are also big differences, with a steadily increasing share of poverty in Great Britain – but a stable share in the United States – found in households with an adult in paid work. This perhaps explains why the anti‐poverty focus in Great Britain is now squarely on the plight of working households, while in the United States it is focused on labour force participation among the low skilled – even though, as we show, the United States has, for decades, been accustomed to in‐work poverty comprising a significantly higher proportion of overall poverty than in Great Britain.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenic Patients

Metabolic syndrome (MS) & other cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in schizophrenic patients. Patients are at risk for premature mortality & overall have limited access to physical health care. To date there have been scarce studies that provide estimates of MS in schizophrenic patients in Iraq. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence of MS & related factors in schizophrenic patients. By using a case-control design we recruited100 patients out of 118 with the DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who were attending outpatient department of Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital during the period between1 st March to 15 th December 2013,. The MS prevalence was assessed based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Comparative analysis was performed between patients & 100 participants as representative of general population. the study revealed that the overall prevalence of MS in schizophrenic patients was (27%). It is significantly higher with obesity, smoking, family history of obesity. Waist circumference, low High Density Lipoprotein & raised blood pressure showing a significant difference between both groups. The anti-psychotic medication having a high association with metabolic syndrome is Olanzapine. Schizophrenic patients on antipsychotic medications had high prevalence of MS compared to the general population & this emphasize the need for regular monitoring of various metabolic parameters in patients on antipsychotics.
Épidémiologie de la maladie d'Alzheimer

En raison du vieillissement de la population, la demence est devenue un probleme majeur de Sante publique, et la maladie d’Alzheimer une priorite. Ces pathologies representent un defi important pour les societes occidentales en ce debut de XXIe siecle en raison des consequences majeures en termes de dependance et de cout. Une meilleure connaissance de l’epidemiologie des demences est donc une necessite incontournable pour apprecier l’importance du phenomene et mettre en place les moyens de le controler. Des progres considerables ont ete realises dans ce domaine depuis une dizaine d’annees. L’incidence et la prevalence de la demence sont connues et de nombreux facteurs de risque ont ete mis en evidence dont certains ouvrent des voies credibles de recherche aidant a la prevention de la maladie.
Effects of climate change and livelihood diversification on the gendered productivity gap in Northern Ghana

ABSTRACT Gendered productivity gaps remain a major limitation to the growth of the agricultural sector of sub-Saharan Africa. The drive towards agricultural transformation must be accompanied by gender inclusive productivity growth. Therefore, this study analyses the effects of climate variables and livelihood diversification on gendered productivity gaps among maize farmers in Northern Ghana. Data were collected from 619 farmers and were analysed using an endogenously corrected Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition model. Results suggest the presence of a significant productivity gap of 58.8% between male and female household heads, and of 44.8% between men household heads and female spouses. About 87% and 98%, respectively, of these productivity gaps were explained by the differences in resource endowment. While livelihood diversification significantly affected gendered productivity through both endowment and coefficient effects, climate variables significantly influenced gendered productivity gaps only through the coefficient component. These results suggest the potential for reducing gendered productivity gaps by providing equal diversification opportunities and by reducing women’s vulnerability to climate change. Among livelihood activities, agro-processing could be prioritized and promoted in the region. While farmers should adopt on-farm climate adaptation strategies, extension services should tailor the provision of climate information and promote climate adaptation strategies.
Adoption and Implementation of the Health Watch Screening Program in Community Pharmacies

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii LIST OF TABLES . vii LIST OF FIGURES . viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background . 1 Public health: concerns and prevention . 1 Importance of a biometric screening . 2 Nontraditional health care setting for a biometric screening . 4 Problem Statement . 6 Purposes of the Study.7 Significance of the Study . 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 9 Health Service Adoption and Implementation in General Health Care Settings . 9 Initial Adoption Stage . 10 Attributes of the innovation . 12 Organizational characteristics . 15 Implementation Stage . 17
Learning Opportunities of Monolingual and Multilingual kindergarteners and their Early Literacy and Executive Functioning Development

ABSTRACT Nowadays, classrooms include children coming from a wide range of cultures and speaking different languages. Teachers are therefore challenged to create appropriate learning opportunities for very diverse children. The current study examined the unique contribution of general classroom interaction, individual teacher-child interactions and behavioral engagement, on early literacy and executive functioning development of monolingual and multilingual kindergartners. Nineteen classrooms were followed for one school year. On three occasions teacher and children were observed for teacher-child interactions and the children were assessed on engagement, early literacy and executive functioning. Research findings: The results show that learning outcomes of both multilingual and monolingual children were positively associated with high engagement in large groups and frequent interactions with the teacher. Furthermore, monolingual children’s favorable academic outcomes were predicted by complex interactions; multilingual children’s favorable outcomes were predicted by low classroom organization. Practice or policy: The present study emphasizes the importance of recognizing the differences between monolingual and multilingual children in their needs in the classroom, as well as recognizing that these groups might be unjustifiably exposed to different educational experiences, in order to optimize the learning opportunities for all children, regardless of their language background.
Convergence and Divergence

The benefits and burdens of structural changes in U.S. economic activity have not been felt evenly across U.S. labor markets in the last four decades. Workers without college degrees have experienced the largest adverse effects in terms of declines in employment and wages. Declines in job opportunities associated with losses in manufacturing employment and the persistently high relative premium to college-level employment would be expected to increase incentives for educational attainment. But, the realization of educational gains assumes that neither credit constraints nor limits in the supply-side of schooling opportunities impede attainment. Because public schools at the K-12 level rely on both local property taxes and state revenues while colleges and universities receive substantial subsidies from state governments, a basic concern is that declines in regional economic prosperity may place downward pressure on educational resources at the same time that more and more students are seeking to change their prospects through increased educational attainment. Using data on responses in enrollment and degree attainment to local labor market shocks, this analysis shows that while secondary school persistence and college enrollment do rise with declines in local labor market opportunities, there is little evidence of a positive impact on college degree attainment. Concurrent declines in public resources supporting expenditures on schooling at the K-12 level and state appropriations to public colleges and universities provide evidence that the supply side of education markets does not fully accommodate increased student demand. * For extraordinary research assistance, I am grateful to Ramiro Burga, Dalton Ruh, and Nathan Ruby. A number of researchers including Andrew Foote and Fran Murphy, along with authors of published papers have been generous in sharing data. The author is grateful for constructive exchanges and comments with John Bound, David Autor, Chris Foote and others.
Engaged Journalism and News Work: A Sociotechnical Analysis of Organizational Dynamics and Professional Challenges

ABSTRACT Building upon the sociotechnical perspective presented by Lewis and Westlund (2015, “Actors, Actants, Audiences, and Activities in Cross-media News Work: A Matrix and a Research Agenda.” Digital Journalism 3 (1): 19–37. doi:10.1080/21670811.2014. 927986), this study examines organizational dynamics, technological affordances and professional challenges of engaged journalism practices by analyzing how Hearken, one of the most celebrated audience engagement companies, and its tools and services are being implemented in 15 U.S. news organizations. This framework identifies Hearken and organizations like it as important “external actors” providing technological “actants” that are shaping how newsrooms report the news by providing ways for audiences to be brought into producing the news, particularly during the earlier phases of the reporting process. Based on in-depth interviews, we find that nearly every news organization in our sample reports some measure of success by using Hearken for involving audience members throughout the production of news. At the same time, we also identify how this implementation is significantly shaped by organizational imperatives and the models particular organizations create for producing audience-centric news work. Ultimately, this study presents a partial update to the decades-long literature on participatory journalism by suggesting that engaged journalism practices actually create opportunities for meaningful audience involvement.
Muscle recruitment and co-contraction when walking in young women with chronic lumbar pain

Abstract Introduction: The lumbar pain is the main musculoskeletal complaint reported by the active population, and it prevents daily activities such as walking. Objective: To assess muscle recruitment and the co-contraction of the trunk muscles during different walking speed in individuals with and without chronic lumbar pain. Method: Thirty-four sedentary young women attended the study, in which 18 belonged to the lumbar pain team (LPT) and 16 to the team without lumbar pain (WLP). We assessed the electromyography activity of the internal oblique (IO) local muscle and lumbar multifidus (MUL), and global external oblique (EO), abdominal rectus (AR) and lumbar iliocostalis (LIC), during walking. The electromyography analysis was performed from the average of the linear envelope value, normalized by the peak of muscle activation. The muscle co-contraction (IO/MUL, EO/LIC, AR/LIC, IO/EO, and the abdominal/paravertebral muscle groups) was calculated with the Falconer and Winter formula. The Shapiro-Wilk test, Multivariate Analysis, mixed Variance Analyses with Bonferroni post-hoc, and Pearson (p < 0.05) correlation coefficient were made by the statistical analysis. Results: In the WLP we could notice that the higher the speed, the higher the MUL activation. The co-contraction data demonstrated that IO/MUL muscles activate 20% more in the LPT, during the preferred speed; however, in the WLP, the results showed that the higher the walking speed, the higher the EO/LIC (21.8%) and IO/MUL (17.8%) muscles activation. Conclusion: The recruitment of local muscles doesn’t differ among the evaluated groups and conditions; however, in WLP, the higher the MUL muscle action, the higher the walking speed.
An evaluation of the Canadian ostomy assessment guide

The Canadian Ostomy Assessment Guide was developed to assist in the selection of appropriate pouching systems by nonspecialized nurses. Since its development in 1999 until December 2001, 4,500 nurses across Canada have been trained to use the Canadian Ostomy Assessment Guide in their clinical practice. Because the effects of its use had not been studied, a prospective, cohort study was conducted to assess the effect of the guideline on pouching system wear time and cost; peristomal skin condition; patients' perceptions of their ostomies, pouching system, and sense of well-being; and usefulness of this generic clinical tool. Registered nurses were trained to use the Canadian Ostomy Assessment Guide and study data collection sheets, including the Quality of Life questionnaire. All patients were assessed three times and an end of study evaluation was completed following the third and final visit. Fifty patients (26 men, 24 women) were enrolled and completed the study. Following implementation of the Canadian Ostomy Assessment Guide, appliance wear time increased an average of 1.5 days (P < 0.001) and pouching system costs decreased (mean $1.80 Canadian/day, P < 0.05). No significant differences in peristomal skin status were observed, but patient sense of well being and security increased significantly during the study (P <0.05). The Canadian Ostomy Assessment Guide was rated as an extremely useful clinical tool by 67% of the nonspecialized nurses who used it. Ostomy patients experience major benefits when nonspecialized nurses use this generic clinical tool to select an appropriate pouching system.
Excess maternal transmission and familial aggregation of Type 2 diabetes in Sri Lanka

Introduction : An excess of maternal transmission of Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported in Europid populations, but not in South India. Method : A questionnaire-based survey was carried out in 1000 (502 male) people with Type 2 diabetes to establish whether there is an excess of maternal transmission and familial aggregation in a Sri Lankan population. Results : Mean age of onset was 479 /12 (9 /S.D.) years and duration of diabetes was 99 /7 years. Thirty-seven percent reported parents with diabetes, 46.9% had no parents with diabetes, 16.1% did not know the diabetes status of at least one parent and there was no diabetes in the other. Of the probands, 59.4% had at least one affected relative. When both parents’ diabetes status was known and only one was affected, diabetes was more common among mothers (n/156) than fathers (n/125) of probands (P B/0.001). A further 54 probands had both parents with diabetes. Mean age of onset and duration of the disease among probands with parental diabetes was 43.19 /(11.1) and 9.69 /(6.8). In the previous generation, 21.2% of maternal grandmothers and 17.3% of maternal grandfathers in the maternal diabetes group and 4.8% of maternal grandmothers and 17% of maternal grandfathers in the paternal diabetes group had diabetes. Diabetes in siblings and children was more common in those with mothers who had diabetes (53.8% and 4.5%) when compared with those in whom fathers had diabetes (42.4% and 1.6%) (P B/0.0001 and P B/ 0.01). Conclusion : Familial aggregation and excess maternal transmission were observed in people with Type 2 diabetes in Sri Lanka. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.