Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A temporal threshold for induction of persistent alcohol preference: behavioral evidence in a rat model of intermittent intoxication.

OBJECTIVE Development of alcohol dependence is gradual, requires prolonged exposure to alcohol and reflects neuroadaptive processes in the brain. An understanding of these neuroadaptive processes can lead to novel treatment targets. We recently showed that 7 weeks of intermittent alcohol vapor exposure in rats induces a long-lasting increase of voluntary ethanol consumption, accompanied by changes in gene expression patterns in cingulate cortex and amygdala. These findings prompt the question of whether underlying adaptive processes develop gradually over time or whether a temporal threshold exists for this phenotype conversion to occur. We addressed this question by examining the functional consequences of different exposure durations. METHOD Male Wistar rats (N = 43) were exposed to alcohol according to the previously published protocol for 2, 4 or 7 weeks. Following 3 weeks of abstinence to eliminate effects of acute withdrawal, subjects were introduced to voluntary alcohol self-administration in a two-bottle free-choice paradigm with continuous access. RESULTS Rats exposed to alcohol vapor for 7 weeks displayed a marked increase in voluntary ethanol consumption and a dramatic increase in ethanol preference. In rats exposed for shorter periods (2 and 4 weeks), neither ethanol self-administration nor ethanol preference were increased at any time point. CONCLUSIONS These observations support the existence of a temporal threshold for induction of long-lasting changes in voluntary alcohol consumption. The search for underlying molecular processes should be carried out in this context.
Laccases: Production, Expression Regulation, and Applications in Pharmaceutical Biodegradation

Laccases are a family of copper-containing oxidases with important applications in bioremediation and other various industrial and biotechnological areas. There have been over two dozen reviews on laccases since 2010 covering various aspects of this group of versatile enzymes, from their occurrence, biochemical properties, and expression to immobilization and applications. This review is not intended to be all-encompassing; instead, we highlighted some of the latest developments in basic and applied laccase research with an emphasis on laccase-mediated bioremediation of pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals are a broad class of emerging organic contaminants that are recalcitrant and prevalent. The recent surge in the relevant literature justifies a short review on the topic. Since low laccase yields in natural and genetically modified hosts constitute a bottleneck to industrial-scale applications, we also accentuated a genus of laccase-producing white-rot fungi, Cerrena, and included a discussion with regards to regulation of laccase expression.
Zero-power, long-range, ultra low-cost harmonic wireless sensors for massively distributed monitoring of cracked walls

A novel zero-power wireless crack sensor based on the harmonic radar principle is presented. The tag, fabricated on a paper substrate by means of the copper adhesive tape technology, is targeted for a fundamental frequency f0=2.45 GHz (ISM band) and consists of a system of two nested annular slots, a frequency doubler and a stub behaving as a band-stop filter. In presence of a crack, the stub, placed at the input of the doubler, is torn off and an alarm is sent to the receiver. Such a system is suitable for scenarios which involve the detection of any crack increase in a massively distributed population of cracked wall sensors. A wireless experiment demonstrates an operating range of the sensor from 1 to 5 m for a transmitted power EIRP of 25 dBm.
A Comprehensive Survey on Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis

Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is the sub-field of Natural Language Processing that deals with essentially splitting our data into aspects ad finally extracting the sentiment information. ABSA is known to provide more information about the context than general sentiment analysis. In this study, our aim is to explore the various methodologies practiced while performing ABSA, and providing a comparative study. This survey paper discusses various solutions in-depth and gives a comparison between them. And is conveniently divided into sections to get a holistic view on the process.
The Effect of Vibration on Visual Acuity with Electro-Optical Aids to Night Vision1

Visual acuity at a level of illumination comparable to overcast starlight was measured at various frequencies and amplitudes of vibration chosen to be representative of conditions aboard various ships. Measures were made with electro-optical scopes of four-power and one-power, standard Navy 7×50 binoculars, four-power field glasses, and the naked eye. Decrements in acuity under vibration were largest for the four-power scope and least for the naked eye. The decrements were, in fact, directly related to the original acuity level determined for the specific optical systems with no vibration. Despite the loss, vision with the four-power electro-optical aid remained superior to that with any other system under all conditions. The importance of antivibration mounts is emphasized.
The Yentl syndrome is alive and well.

This editorial refers to ‘Are we using cardiovascular medications and coronary angiography appropriately in men and women with chest pain? ’[†][1], by N. Johnston et al. , on page 1331 and ‘Factors influencing underutilization of evidence-based therapies in women’[‡][2], by R. Bugiardini et al. , on page 1337 More women than men die annually from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in the developed world. This represents a reversal of fortune from previous decades and places women firmly as the new majority now impacted.1 Notably, the adverse IHD gender gap is the widest in relatively young women, where myocardial infarction (MI) mortality is 2-fold higher in women under 50 years compared with age-matched men.2 While it is now clear that there are many gender differences in IHD outcomes, including more frequent angina diagnosis, more office visits, more avoidable hospitalizations, higher MI mortality, and higher rates of heart failure in women compared with men,1 the aetiologies contributing to these differences are less clear. A number of paradoxes are evident with regard to sex differences in IHD.2 First, women have a higher prevalence of angina compared with men, yet have an overall lower prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Secondly, symptomatic women undergoing coronary angiography have less extensive and severe obstructive CAD, despite being older with a higher risk factor burden compared with men. Thirdly, despite relatively less obstructive CAD, women have a more adverse prognosis compared with men. We have hypothesized an alternative, female-specific pattern of IHD due to the relatively high frequency of microvascular coronary dysfunction (MCD) in symptomatic women with and without obstructive CAD3−5 which we have … [1]: #fn-2 [2]: #fn-3
DELIVERABLE No . 2 . 3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL AND EMPHATIC BEHAVIOUR FOR ROBOT COMPANION Author ( s ) :

We present a design case focusing on participatory design (PD) with older people. We experimented with PD techniques to foster engagement with participants in development of a graphical user interface (GUI) for controlling a robotic system in a smart home environment. The tenet of our approach is that to engage older people in the design of future systems, it is of paramount importance to increment and reinforce knowledge using different techniques and materials, and to create an empathic and trusted relationship between participants and designers. We experimented with different techniques for achieving this, from videobased scenario evaluation to hands-on and gaming activity in which participants had to evaluate the dynamics of a context-dependent interface using an expression-rich modality of interaction. This permitted exploration of experiential elements of design, to reduce the need for the participants to engage in abstract thought and to collect insights on design solutions while having fun together. The entire procedure implied incremental PD cycles in which knowledge was shared and consolidated through a learning process based on doing and playing together. The final reflections highlight a number of recommendations that demand consideration when undertaking research and design work with older people. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s). NordiCHI '14, Oct 26-3
Religious Intolerance among Orthodox Christians and Muslims in Russia1

Abstract Religious intolerance (the unwillingness to grant religious liberties to other faiths) among Russia's Orthodox Christians and Muslims is widespread, as our 2005 national survey data (2972 interviews) show. The intolerance is strongest among the Orthodox in the largely non-Muslim areas of Russia and among both faith groups in the conflict-torn Caucasus. Mutual tolerance is highest in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. The intolerance has more to do with reactionary ideological influences and regional socio-political conditions than with Orthodox and Muslim core religious beliefs and practices. Orthodox-Muslim intolerance reflects a broader popular hostility to religious freedom in Russia. Fuelled by Russia's current undemocratic tendencies, this hostility poses a threat to Eurasian stability and calls for efforts to lessen ethno-religious tensions. Such efforts need to include systematic sociological monitoring of religious intolerance, and this study is a first step in this direction.
Complementary roles for Nkx6 and Nkx2 class proteins in the establishment of motoneuron identity in the hindbrain

The genetic program that underlies the generation of visceral motoneurons in the developing hindbrain remains poorly defined. We have examined the role of Nkx6 and Nkx2 class homeodomain proteins in this process, and provide evidence that these proteins mediate complementary roles in the specification of visceral motoneuron fate. The expression of Nkx2.2 in hindbrain progenitor cells is sufficient to mediate the activation of Phox2b, a homeodomain protein required for the generation of hindbrain visceral motoneurons. The redundant activities of Nkx6.1 and Nkx6.2, in turn, are dispensable for visceral motoneuron generation but are necessary to prevent these cells from adopting a parallel program of interneuron differentiation. The expression of Nkx6.1 and Nkx6.2 is further maintained in differentiating visceral motoneurons, and consistent with this the migration and axonal projection properties of visceral motoneurons are impaired in mice lacking Nkx6.1 and/or Nkx6.2 function. Our analysis provides insight also into the role of Nkx6 proteins in the generation of somatic motoneurons. Studies in the spinal cord have shown that Nkx6.1 and Nkx6.2 are required for the generation of somatic motoneurons, and that the loss of motoneurons at this level correlates with the extinguished expression of the motoneuron determinant Olig2. Unexpectedly, we find that the initial expression of Olig2 is left intact in the caudal hindbrain of Nkx6.1/Nkx6.2 compound mutants, and despite this, all somatic motoneurons are missing. These data argue against models in which Nkx6 proteins and Olig2 operate in a linear pathway, and instead indicate a parallel requirement for these proteins in the progression of somatic motoneuron differentiation. Thus, both visceraland somatic motoneuron differentiation appear to rely on the combined activity of cell intrinsic determinants, rather than on a single key determinant of neuronal cell fate.
Contact entre particules déformables : de la limite de Hertz aux grandes déformations

Most of the two-dimensional studies on granular materials consider the assembly of cylindrical particles in the regime of small deformations, using Hertz’s contact law. Nevertheless, in several cases, the deformations experienced by the particles are not infinitesimal. The study of the validity of the infinitesimal strain hypothesis represents an important stake to determine the relevance of the forecasts resulting from these two-dimensional studies. By means of new experimental approaches, this paper studies the deformation of an assembly of particles subjected to large deformations. Mots clefs : Corrélations d’images numériques, hyperélasticité, méthode des éléments finis, con-
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Morbidity Associated with Adherence to Atorvastatin Therapy

Long-term adherence to statins is poor. We assessed the relationship between cardiovascular (CV) risk and atorvastatin adherence in primary- and secondary-prevention patients, adjusting for healthy-adherer bias by incorporating preventive service use into the model. Medical and pharmacy claims from employee-based plans from 2002 to 2008 were analyzed for patients who initiated atorvastatin in 2003–2004. Adherent patients were defined as having ≥60% of days covered in the year after atorvastatin initiation and were required to have pill coverage in months 10–12. CV events were identified as hospitalizations with a primary CV diagnosis and assessed from month 13 after atorvastatin initiation until the end of follow-up (≤36 months). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between atorvastatin adherence and CV event risk, adjusting for covariates including preventive service use. The study included 94,287 atorvastatin users (79,010 primary- and 15,277 secondary-prevention patients). In both populations, nearly one-half of the patients discontinued atorvastatin after 1 year. During follow-up, ∼2% of primary-prevention and ∼9% of secondary-prevention patients experienced CV events. After adjusting for covariates, adherent patients in the primary-prevention population had a significantly lower risk of CV events compared with nonadherent patients (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.91). In the secondary-prevention population, adherence to atorvastatin was also associated with lower CV risk (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.82). Atorvastatin discontinuation rates were high 1 year after treatment initiation. Patients who adhered to atorvastatin treatment were at lower CV risk. Quality-of-care interventions should target improvements to therapy persistence.
Skin ageing and its treatment

The effects of chronic sun exposure on skin are readily apparent when skin not typically exposed to the sun and skin regularly exposed to the sun are compared. While the sun is not the only aetiological factor in the dynamic process of skin ageing, it is the primary exogenous cause among several internal and environmental elements. Thus, photo‐ageing, the main focus of this article, is a subset of extrinsic skin ageing. The influence of the sun in extrinsic skin ageing, as well as its role in potentially altering the normal course of intrinsic (also known as natural or cellular) ageing, is discussed. Telomeres, the specialized structures found at the ends of chromosomes, are believed to be integral to cellular ageing as well as in the development of cancer. The ageing process, both intrinsic and extrinsic, is also believed to be influenced by the formation of free radicals, also known as reactive oxygen species. The loss of collagen is considered the characteristic histological finding in aged skin. Wrinkling and pigmentary changes are directly associated with photo‐ageing and are considered its most salient cutaneous manifestations. Such photodamage represents the cutaneous signs of premature ageing. In addition, deleterious consequences of chronic sun exposure, specifically various forms of photo‐induced skin cancer, are also linked to acute and chronic sun exposure. The only known strategies aimed at preventing photo‐ageing include sun avoidance, using sunscreens to block or reduce skin exposure to UV radiation, using retinoids to inhibit collagenase synthesis and to promote collagen production, and using anti‐oxidants, particularly in combination, to reduce and neutralize free radicals. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breathing He–O2 attenuates the slow component of O2 uptake kinetics during exercise performed above the respiratory compensation threshold

The contribution of respiratory muscle O2 uptake to the development of the slow component of O2 uptake kinetics is unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of respiratory muscle unloading (via breathing, a He–O2 mixture) on the amplitude of during exercise performed below (B‐RCT) and above the respiratory compensation threshold (A‐RCT). We hypothesized that breathing He–O2 would reduce the amplitude of the by a greater amount during exercise performed A‐RCT than B‐RCT. Eight healthy male recreational cyclists performed constant‐load cycling in four sets of conditions: (1) B‐RCT breathing normal air; (2) B‐RCT breathing He–O2; (3) A‐RCT breathing normal air; and (4) A‐RCT breathing He–O2. Breathing He–O2 did not significantly attenuate the during exercise performed B‐RCT (–3 ± 14%, P > 0.05). However, breathing He–O2 significantly reduced the during exercise A‐RCT (–45 ± 6%, P < 0.05). The attenuated while breathing He–O2 is likely to reflect a decreased . Minute ventilation was not different between normal air and He–O2 breathing trials either B‐RCT or A‐RCT. However, operating lung volume was significantly lower when breathing He–O2 during exercise performed A‐RCT (–12 ± 3%, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that comprises a greater proportion of the when exercise is performed A‐RCT compared with B‐RCT. Therefore, the impact of breathing He–O2 was more pronounced during exercise A‐RCT. Furthermore, changes in operating lung volume and the work of breathing appear to play an important role in the development of the .
The Relation between Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Level and Smoking Cessation Outcome

Background: Smoking is the first preventable cause of mortality in the world. Smoking cessation is affected by various factors like nicotine dependence rate, individual issues and social factors. Measuring the level of exhaled carbon monoxide is a simple noninvasive diagnostic method for determination of smoking status and nicotine dependence; and this study evaluated its correlation with the outcome of smoking cessation. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all individuals who had attended the smoking cessation programs in Tehran smoking cessation clinic for 6-sessions during a one- year period were questioned using a questionnaire designed according to the WHO and NRITLD questionnaires. At first, level of exhaled carbon monoxide was measured in all cases and those who quit smoking (no smoking even one puff) after the third treatment session were followed by phone in 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 month intervals respectively. Results: Three hundred forty- seven cases were questioned in this study out of which, 292 (84.1%) cases were males. At the end of the treatment course, 237 cases (68.3%) successfully quit smoking, 27 cases (7.8%) cut down smoking and 83 cases (23.9%) were excluded from the study due to the exceeded absence from the course. After disregarding the excluded group, the success rate of smoking cessation was calculated to be 89.8%. Measurement of the level of expired carbon monoxide (CO) showed that the exhaled CO level was 20 ppm in 100 (28.8%) cases. The highest rate of success in quitting smoking was observed among those with expired CO level < 11-20 ppm and cigarette consumption less than 30 cigarettes per day (p=0.00). Conclusion: Since cases with high concentration of exhaled carbon monoxide showed lower success rates in quitting smoking, more specific treatment courses along with more precise consultation and follow up are recommended for such
Self-efficacy for exercise, more than disease-related factors, is associated with objectively assessed exercise time and sedentary behaviour in rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: Until recently, reports of physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were limited to self-report methods and/or leisure-time physical activity. Our objectives were to assess, determine correlates of, and compare to well-matched controls both exercise and sedentary time in a typical clinical cohort of RA. Method: Persons with established RA (seropositive or radiographic erosions; n = 41) without diabetes or cardiovascular disease underwent assessments of traditional and disease-specific correlates of physical activity and 7 days of triaxial accelerometry. Twenty-seven age, gender, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls were assessed. Results: For persons with RA, objectively measured median (25th–75th percentile) exercise time was 3 (1–11) min/day; only 10% (n = 4) of participants exercised for ≥ 30 min/day. Time spent in sedentary activities was 92% (89–95%). Exercise time was not related to pain but was inversely related to disease activity (r = –0.3, p < 0.05) and disability (r = –0.3, p < 0.05) and positively related to self-efficacy for endurance activity (r = 0.4, p < 0.05). Sedentary activity was related only to self-efficacy for endurance activity (r = –0.4, p < 0.05). When compared to matched controls, persons with RA exhibited poorer self-efficacy for physical activity but similar amounts of exercise and sedentary time. Conclusions: For persons with RA and without diabetes or cardiovascular disease, time spent in exercise was well below established guidelines and activity patterns were predominantly sedentary. For optimal care in RA, in addition to promoting exercise, clinicians should consider assessing sedentary behaviour and self-efficacy for exercise. Future interventions might determine whether increased self-efficacy can increase physical activity in RA.
Patterns of single photon emission tomography (SPECT) among patients with dementia in the memory clinic at Siriraj Hospital.

OBJECTIVE The authors hypothesized that there is a pattern difference in cerebralperfusion of the 99-Technitium L, L-ethyl cysteinate dimer Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (99-Tc ECD SPECT) between mild and moderate to severe dementia. MATERIAL AND METHOD The authors reported a retrospective study in the Memory Clinic, Siriraj Hospital between January 2001 and October 2003 including only patients with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia. Clinical dementia rating (CDR) was used to document dementia severity. Patterns of hypoperfusion were classified into no definite hypoperfusion, regional hypoperfusion, and diffused hypoperfusion. RESULTS One hundred and seven patients were included in the present study. Only mean Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE) score was different between the two groups. There was no significant correlation between pattern of hypoperfusion in brain SPECT and severity of dementia. CONCLUSION The authors cannot demonstrate the pattern of hypoperfusion of 99-Tc ECD SPECT among patients' difference in dementia severity.