Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Thermal Balancing Analysis of Composites Reinforced by Different Shape Buckypaper

The software FLUENT was used to analysis the thermal balance of composites reinforced by different shape buckypaper during the heating process. The research shows that the electrothermal energy is mainly used to increase the temperature of the insulator and the heating plate itself at the initial stage of heating. Because the mass and heat capacity of the insulators are both greater than that of the heating plates, the insulators absorb more heat than the heating sheets. The heating rate of insulators and heating sheets slows down as time increases, which result in the decrease of heat absorption. The increase of external surface temperature makes convection heat dissipation increase, so the proportion of convection heat dissipation increases, and the endothermic ratio of material decreases.
Advancing paternal age and psychiatric disorders

Age of first and subsequent parenthood has been increasing all over the world. From a public health perspective, it is becoming apparent that this shift might have negative consequences. When considering the potential negative effects of late parenthood, focus has traditionally been on older maternal age, which has been associated with multiple adverse outcomes in the offspring (1). More recently, however, the offspring of older fathers have been shown to have increased risk for a wide range of adverse health conditions, including psychiatric disorders. These findings received considerable attention because they challenge traditional views on male fertility and reproduction. However, research findings on the links between advancing paternal age and psychiatric disorders have not always been replicable, and the mechanism or mechanisms behind the paternal age effect remain unclear, adding to the controversies around the findings. In this paper we provide an updated overview of the research on the association between advancing paternal age and psychiatric disorders in the offspring and discuss potential biological and social mechanisms.
Intertumoural Variability in Functional Imaging within Patients Suffering from Neuroendocrine Tumours

123I mIBG (meta-iodobenzylguanidine) and 111In pentetreotide scintigraphy imaging modalities are useful in demonstrating neuroendocrine tumours. Although 111In pentetreotide is generally held to be a more superior imaging agent than 123I mIBG for neuroendocrine tumours, we noted a differential uptake of the two agents by different tumour sites within individual patients. In some cases, the two tracers appeared to demonstrate different lesions within the same patient. The aim of this study wasto determine the positivity of the two imaging modalities, the degree of correlation between them and to highlight any clinically useful differences between the two modalities. 123I mIBG and 111In pentetreotide images of 149 consecutive, biopsy-proven or biochemically confirmed, neuroendocrine tumour patients were compared. All the patients underwent whole-body imaging and upper abdominal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The results of both types of imaging were compared, lesion by lesion, for each individual patient. The overall positivity rate for 111In pentetreotide was 79%, and that for 123I mIBG was 63%. When both agents were positive, the 111In pentetreotide highlighted more lesions within the same patient in 33%, whilst the 123I mIBG highlighted more lesions in 13%. In 12% of patients both agents were positive, but different lesions were seen with the two agents. 111In pentetreotide has greater positivity than 123I mIBG for imaging neuroendocrine tumours. However, the two modalities can highlight different tumour lesions, suggesting the presence of phenotypically diverse tumour populations within individual patients. These findings are likely to influence clinical management in the future.
Letter by Ehdaie and Rubin regarding article, "Long-term arrhythmia-free survival in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and no inducible ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction".

We read with interest the article by Zaman and colleagues1 regarding use of the electrophysiological study (EPS) to risk stratify patients with an acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (MI) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The study found that a negative EPS at a median of 4 days after ST-segment–elevation MI, in 2 classes of patients who have reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤30% and ≤35%), defines patients who have a primary end point of survival free of death and arrhythmia equally as good as an untested …
La temática del dibujo infantil en niños y niñas con TEA. La figura humana.

Las tasas de prevalencia en el Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo (TEA), entre los 11 sitios de la red The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM), fue de uno de cada 68 ninos/as de 8 anos. De ahi que subrayen la necesidad de investigar acerca del TEA para mejorar en la comprension de las caracteristicas de las personas con autismo (Christensen, et al. 2012). Ademas, segun estos mismos autores, el numero de personas diagnosticadas con autismo, al menos hasta el ano 2012, iba en aumento. Con los datos mencionados, consideramos de especial interes la investigacion desde diferentes ambitos de estudio acerca del TEA. Con lo que a mi ambito de estudio se refiere, la educacion artistica, existe mucha bibliografia acerca del dibujo en ninos/as con desarrollo tipico, en cambio, a pesar de que la investigacion en autismo avanza, pocos estudios hay realizados que analicen aspectos del dibujo infantil en ninos con TEA. Por ello y puesto que, como afirma Bogdashina (2013), posiblemente una de las areas mas problematicas de las personas con autismo sea la percepcion sensorial, esta comunicacion forma parte de mi estudio de tesis doctoral, donde se analizan diversas caracteristicas de los dibujos de 23 ninos/as diagnosticados con autismo, con el objetivo de ampliar el conocimiento en esta area de estudio. Concretamente en esta comunicacion, se exponen los resultados obtenidos en relacion a la tematica infantil del dibujo espontaneo en ninos/as con TEA, en comparacion con estudios que han analizado la tematica infantil en ninos/as con desarrollo normal, haciendo especial hincapie, debido a las deficiencias en el ambito social de personas con autismo, en el dibujo de la figura humana.
Chronic Allograft Nephropathy: Current Concepts and Future Directions

The paradigm that chronic rejection causes all progressive late allograft failure has been replaced by a hypothesis of cumulative damage, where a series of time-dependent immune and nonimmune mechanisms injure the kidney and lead to chronic interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, representing a final common pathway of injury and its consequent fibrotic healing response. Allograft damage is common, progressive, time-dependent, clinically important and modified by immunosuppression. Early after transplantation, tubulointerstitial damage is predominantly related to ischemia reperfusion injury, acute tubular necrosis, acute and subclinical rejection and/or calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, superimposed on preexisting donor disease. Later, cellular inflammation lessens and is replaced by microvascular and glomerular injury from calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, hypertension, immune-mediated fibrointimal vascular hyperplasia, transplant glomerulopathy and capillary injury, polyoma virus and/or recurrent glomerulonephritis. Additional mechanisms of injury include internal architectural disruption of the kidney, cortical ischemia, persistent chronic inflammation, replicative senescence, cytokine excess and fibrosis induced by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Current understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology and evolution of pathological changes are detailed. An approach to histological assessment of the individual failing graft are presented and a series of postulates are defined for future studies of chronic allograft nephropathy.
A Metabolic Basis for Dominance and Recessivity

T HE reasons for the existence of genetic dominance have provoked much debate in the literature, starting with FISHER’S (1928) paper on a possible evolutionary explanation for dominance. Any theory for the basis of dominance and recessivity, whether evolutionary or physiological, should explain three patterns in dominance relationships of the diploid phenotypes. The first is MENDEL’S observation that the heterozygote is often indistinguishable in phenotype from one or the other of the homozygotes, and we now know that in the vast majority of cases the wild type is dominant over the mutant. Second, in the few cases where measurement of degrees of dominance for mutations of small phenotypic effect has been carried out, it appears that the heterozygote phenotype is on average close to intermediate (CROW and SIMMONS 1983). Third, there are several interesting series of mutations at the same locus that produce different phenotypes, e.g., the albino series of mutants in rodents. In such cases, heterozygotes between “lower” mutant alleles of the series are usually intermediate in phenotype, whereas the wild type is usually dominant over all of them. In 1981 H. KACSER and J. A. BURNS published in GE-
Chronic food restriction enhances memory in mice – analysis with matched drive levels

We compared the effects of chronic and acute food deprivation on learning and memory using a dry-type water maze, active avoidance and passive avoidance in C57BL/6L mice. The drive level of the animals – under acute and chronic food deprivation – was matched by a progressive ratio schedule. Both deprivations led to a high degree of activity in the animals; however, the animals on an acute dietary restriction did not exhibit a significantly better performance than those on ad libitum feeding, while those on a chronic food deprivation exhibited memory enhancement. These effects were subtle and were found at a later stage of learning. These findings suggest that chronic food restriction induces memory consolidation or resistance to memory reduction in addition to increased activity.
A fast electro-thermal co-simulation modeling approach for SiC power MOSFETs

The purpose of this work is to propose a novel electrothermal co-simulation approach for the new generation of SiC MOSFETs, by development of a PSpice-based compact and physical SiC MOSFET model including temperature dependency of several parameters and a Simulink-based thermal network. The PSpice electrical model is capable to estimate the switching behavior and the energy losses of the device accurately under a wide range of operational conditions, including high temperature operations, within a relatively fast simulation time (few seconds). The the thermal network elements are extracted from the FEM simulation of the DUT's structure, performed in ANSYS Icepack. A MATLAB script is used to process the simulation data and feed the needed settings and parameters back into the simulation. The parameters for a CREE 1.2 kV/30 A SiC MOSFET have been identified and the electro-thermal model has been validated through experimental and manufacturer's data.
Severely impaired neuromuscular synaptic transmission causes muscle weakness in the Cacna1a‐mutant mouse rolling Nagoya

The ataxic mouse rolling Nagoya (RN) carries a missense mutation in the Cacna1a gene, encoding the pore‐forming subunit of neuronal Cav2.1 (P/Q‐type) Ca2+ channels. Besides being the predominant type of Cav channel in the cerebellum, Cav2.1 channels mediate acetylcholine (ACh) release at the peripheral neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Therefore, Cav2.1 dysfunction induced by the RN mutation may disturb ACh release at the NMJ. The dysfunction may resemble the situation in Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), in which autoantibodies target Cav2.1 channels at NMJs, inducing severely reduced ACh release and resulting in muscle weakness. We tested neuromuscular function of RN mice and characterized transmitter release properties at their NMJs in diaphragm, soleus and flexor digitorum brevis muscles. Clinical muscle weakness and fatigue were demonstrated using repetitive nerve‐stimulation electromyography, grip strength testing and an inverted grid hanging test. Muscle contraction experiments showed a compromised safety factor of neuromuscular transmission. In ex vivo electrophysiological experiments we found severely impaired ACh release. Compared to wild‐type, RN NMJs had 50–75% lower nerve stimulation‐evoked transmitter release, explaining the observed muscle weakness. Surprisingly, the reduction in evoked release was accompanied by an ∼ 3‐fold increase in spontaneous ACh release. This synaptic phenotype suggests a complex effect of the RN mutation on different functional Cav2.1 channel parameters, presumably with a positive shift in activation potential as a prevailing feature. Taken together, our studies indicate that the gait abnormality of RN mice is due to a combination of ataxia and muscle weakness and that RN models aspects of the NMJ dysfunction in LEMS.
A Sparse Bayesian Approach to the Identification of Nonlinear State-Space Systems

This technical note considers the identification of nonlinear discrete-time systems with additive process noise but without measurement noise. In particular, we propose a method and its associated algorithm to identify the system nonlinear functional forms and their associated parameters from a limited number of time-series data points. For this, we cast this identification problem as a sparse linear regression problem and take a Bayesian viewpoint to solve it. As such, this approach typically leads to nonconvex optimizations. We propose a convexification procedure relying on an efficient iterative re-weighted ℓ1-minimization algorithm that uses general sparsity inducing priors on the parameters of the system and marginal likelihood maximisation. Using this approach, we also show how convex constraints on the parameters can be easily added to the proposed iterative re-weighted ℓ1-minimization algorithm. In the supplementary material available online (arXiv:1408.3549), we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed identification method on two classical systems in biology and physics, namely, a genetic repressilator network and a large scale network of interconnected Kuramoto oscillators.
Double Burden, Non-Communicable Diseases And Risk Factors Evaluation In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Nigerian Experience.

This study was aimed to assess the age and sex specific burden and associated risk factors ofNCDs in adult population of South-South Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study conducted inUyo Metropolis, in 2009/2010; with 2780 participants (1447 males and 1333 females) aged 18-60years. Instruments of survey were: a semi-structured questionnaire, anthropometric and nonanthropometric measures using standard procedures. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 32.8%. Disease specific prevalence was as follows: 25%, 14.4%, 12.7%, 20.1% and 10% for obesity,hypertension, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders and respiratory disorders respectively.Males’ vs females’ prevalence were: 20.7% vs 29.5%; 12.6% vs 12.2%; 9.7% vs 16.0%; 14.0% vs26.5% and 8.6% vs 7.6% for obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disordersand respiratory disorders respectively. Risk factors with increase odds for NCDs were: age, area ofresidence, work stress, triglyceride levels and positive family history. Physical inactivity, high totalcholesterol level, high general adiposity, high central adiposity and poor dietary habits were equallysignificantly associated. The high prevalence of NCDs in Nigeria was precipitated by modifiableand un-modifiable life style factors. Intervention programmes should focus on these factors toreverse the trend.
Mould in optical instruments.

Mould can damage optical instruments beyond repair within only a few weeks. There is a good deal of information available on the treatment of mould in buildings, because common respiratory problems and allergic reactions can be caused by mould. Knowledge is also available in the field of conservation of books and fine art because of the high cost of mould damage. However, very little information is available on mould in optical instruments and the management of mould is often ignored by equipment manufacturers and users. Moulds are plant organisms which form cobweb-like branching arms, from which spores project into the air (see Glossary). Moulds are very common and very widely dispersed. There are 250,000 species of mould, many of which can damage optical instruments. Among the moulds commonly found in instruments are members of aspergillus, penicillium and trichoderma species.
Zespół metaboliczny. Część II: patogeneza zespołu metabolicznego i jego powikłań The metabolic syndrome. Part II: Its mechanisms of development and its complications

Zespol metaboliczny (MS) jest zbiorem wzajemnie powiązanych czynnikow metabolicznych takich jak upośledzona tolerancja glukozy, insulinoopornośc, hiperinsulinemia, otylośc, zaburzenia lipidowe, nadciśnienie tetnicze, stan prozapalny i prozakrzepowy. Zespol ten stanowi glowną przyczyne rozwoju chorob sercowo-naczyniowych o podlozu miazdzycowym i cukrzycy typu 2. Za rozwoj zespolu metabolicznego są odpowiedzialne predyspozycje genetyczne oraz wspoldzialające czynniki środowiskowe, w tym brak aktywności fi zycznej czy wysokokaloryczna dieta. Dotychczasowe wyniki badan nad patogenezą zespolu metabolicznego nie są jednoznaczne. Dominującymi przyczynami zespolu metabolicznego są insulinoopornośc i otylośc brzuszna. Uwaza sie, ze podlozem wszystkich zmian zaliczanych do zespolu metabolicznego jest zwiekszona masa tkanki tluszczowej i jej aktywnośc prozapalna. Tkanka tluszczowa jest aktywnym narządem wewnątrzwydzielniczym o charakterze endokrynnym i parakrynnym, a wydzielane przez nią substancje prozapalne zwane adipokinami, stanowią wazne ogniwo lączące nadmierną mase ciala, opornośc na dzialanie insuliny, miazdzyce i cukrzyce typu 2. Wskazuje sie rowniez, ze pierwotnym zjawiskiem inicjującym rozwoj insulinooporności związanej z dodatnim bilansem energetycznym jest stres oksydacyjny.
Serum Amyloid A Is a Ligand for Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I and Inhibits High Density Lipoprotein Binding and Selective Lipid Uptake*

Serum amyloid A is an acute phase protein that is carried in the plasma largely as an apolipoprotein of high density lipoprotein (HDL). In this study we investigated whether SAA is a ligand for the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), and how SAA may influence SR-BI-mediated HDL binding and selective cholesteryl ester uptake. Studies using Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing SR-BI showed that 125I-labeled SAA, both in lipid-free form and in reconstituted HDL particles, functions as a high affinity ligand for SR-BI. SAA also bound with high affinity to the hepatocyte cell line, HepG2. Alexa-labeled SAA was shown by fluorescence confocal microscopy to be internalized by cells in a SR-BI-dependent manner. To assess how SAA association with HDL influences HDL interaction with SR-BI, SAA-containing HDL was isolated from mice overexpressing SAA through adenoviral gene transfer. SAA presence on HDL had little effect on HDL binding to SR-BI but decreased (30–50%) selective cholesteryl ester uptake. Lipid-free SAA, unlike lipid-free apoA-I, was an effective inhibitor of both SR-BI-dependent binding and selective cholesteryl ester uptake of HDL. We have concluded that SR-BI plays a key role in SAA metabolism through its ability to interact with and internalize SAA and, further, that SAA influences HDL cholesterol metabolism through its inhibitory effects on SR-BI-mediated selective lipid uptake.
Endoscopic Management of a Giant Cholesterol Cyst of the Petrous Apex

Giant cholesterol cyst (GCC) of the petrous apex is a rare clinical entity. This benign cystic lesion can cause neurologic deficits and vascular compromise by persistent growth and progressive bone destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of GCC show the lesions to be hyperintense on T(1)-weighted sequences with progressively lower signal intensities on the first and second echoes of T(2)-weighted sequences. These findings are relatively specific for GCC, permitting a narrow differential diagnosis. The goal of surgery is to provide adequate drainage with the creation of a permanent fistula. The classic approaches to these lesions are the posterior fossa craniotomy and the middle fossa extradural craniotomy. The translabyrinthine approach provides wide exposure at the expense of cochlear and vestibular function. The transsphenoidal approach provides adequate drainage with hearing preservation and no craniotomy. The endoscopic, endonasal transsphenoidal approach to a 2.5 cm GCC of the petrous apex accomplished complete drainage with the creation of a fistula. Advances in endoscopic technique and instrumentation facilitated the addition of the approach to the surgeon's armamentarium. In selected cases, this approach provides adequate surgical exposure with minimal morbidity.
Water Eased Oil Removal in Gulf

The physical action of water may be partly responsible for the rapid disappearance of plumes of oil and gas formed during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep in the ocean, the plumes disappeared far more quickly than anyone expected. One reason is that Gulf water was already seeded with hydrocarbon-eating microbes that consumed oil and gas from natural seeps. Another reason, a new model suggests, is that the waters around the well mixed and mingled, giving microbial populations not just oxygen and other critical nutrients but also multiple opportunities to take a crack at the oil. The official estimate from the spill’s Flow Rate Technical Group is that the ruptured well released 2 × 108 gal of oil, or 5.4 × 108 kg, into the Gulf from when the oil rig exploded on April 20, 2010, until the well was capped on July 15, 2010.
Enhancing the MST-CSS Representation Using Robust Geometric Features, for Efficient Content Based Video Retrieval (CBVR)

Multi-Spectro-Temporal Curvature Scale Space (MST-CSS) had been proposed as a video content descriptor in an earlier work, where the peak and saddle points were used for feature points. But these are inadequate to capture the salient features of the MST-CSS surface, producing poor retrieval results. To overcome these, we propose EMST-CSS (Enhanced MST-CSS) as a better feature representation with an improved matching method for CBVR (Content Based Video Retrieval). Comparative study with the existing MST-CSS representation and two state-of-the-art methods for CBVR shows enhanced performance on one synthetic and two real-world datasets.
Possibilities to decrease the extremely low-frequency electric field exposure with a Faraday cage under a 400 kV power line

The aim of this paper was to present examples from measurements utilizing Faraday cages under power lines. We performed experiments with a cage using different nets for the “roof” of the cage: (1) chicken wire without the “roof”; (2) pieces of fish netting; (3) additional fish netting; (4) extra pieces of small animal wire netting; (5) chicken wire on the roof. The grounded Faraday cage decreased the electric field more than 50%.