Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hypermobility syndrome. Musculoskeletal complaints associated with generalized joint hypermobility.

This paper is concernedwith generalized joint laxity occurring as an isolated finding in otherwise normal subjects. We have used the name "Hypermobility Syndrome" for the situation in which this joint laxity is associated with musculoskeletal complaints. The range of joint motion varies considerably between individuals and with age, race, and body build. Where the joints are unduly lax and the range of motion is in excess of the accepted normal in most of the joints examined, we regard the subject as having generalized hypermobility. This is not uncommon in the general population. In their sample of 285 English schoolchildren, Carter and Wilkinson (1964) found excessive motion in at least four joint pairs in 7 per cent. and Sutro (1947) had shown that three or more joint pairs were hypermobile in 4 per cent. of 435 adult orthopaedic outpatients. Information on this condition as a cause of musculoskeletal complaints is scanty. In the first detailed report, Key (1927) described a family in which the father and several sons were hypermobile because of generalized ligamentous laxity. Relatively little disability resulted except that recurrent patellar dislocation occurred in a son and the father had developed osteo-arthritic changes in the knees, spine, and fingers by the age of 50 with a resulting reduction in mobility. The first case of congenital hypermobility of joints as an isolated phenomenon producing chronic recurrent symptoms to be recognized by one of us (E.G.L.B., 1950) has unfortunately been lost to follow up. Rowatt Brown and Rose (1966) have recently drawn attention to ligamentous laxity as one of the causes of precocious osteo-arthritis. Most reports have noted a strong familial tendency (Finkelstein, 1916; Key, 1927), the inheritance being apparently dominant with a variable degree of expression (Sturkie, 1941).
Sentiment Analysis in Twitter messages using constrained and unconstrained data categories

This paper describes a system to answer a specific sentiment analysis problem described in 2015 iteration of SemEval (Semantic Evaluation series), Sentiment Analysis in Twitter as the base challenge to be improved. When it comes to sentiment analysis competitions and shared tasks, this is the most popular to date with more than 40 teams participating each year from its inception in 2013. Only subtask B (Message Polarity Classification) was considered under main task (task 10) in this model, as it was a return from previous years and remained highly challenging and competitive among teams from around the world. The proposed model performed exceedingly well, notably getting best results (1st) against 2015 test set, 2nd best results for evaluations against 2013 and 2014 test sets. We performed evaluation using both constrained and unconstrained data under two major classification techniques, single classifier based approach and ensemble approach. For single classifier based approach, classifiers such as Support Vector Machines, Logistic regression, BayesNet and Artificial Neural Networks and for ensemble approach algorithms such as Bagging, Ada Boosting, Random forest and Voting techniques were used. Several key contributions of this research including enhanced feature extraction algorithms, newly created sentiment lexicon, exhaustive analysis by means of various classification techniques using both constrained and unconstrained data clearly prove to be effective in addressing the given task.
Sustaining evidence-based practice for young people who self-harm: a 4-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE In 1998 and 1999, two NSW Area Health Services conducted the Youth At Risk of Deliberate Self Harm (YARDS) project. The YARDS project was designed to implement evidence-based service enhancements for the clinical management of young people with Deliberate Self Harm. This paper examines the extent to which service enhancements implemented during YARDS were maintained 4 years after the conclusion of the project and compares service quality with another NSW Area Health Service that did not participate in the YARDS project. METHOD Staff from mental health services and emergency departments completed the Service Activity Scale, a measure developed for the YARDS project to assess the quality of health service response to individuals who present following a suicide attempt. RESULTS RESULTS indicated that the service improvements made during the YARDS project were maintained 4years after the project ended. Furthermore, a significant difference was found between scores for services that participated in YARDS and services that did not participate in YARDS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that projects such as YARDS which support evidence based service nhancements may be useful in improving the management of young people with deliberate self-harm, and that these improvements may be long-lasting.
Time for DNA Database Disclosure

Sir, The FBI should be more open to constructive criticism. It was apparent from the start that the FBI’s allele frequency tables would be relied upon for many tens of thousands of statistical calculations in criminal cases across the United States since 1999. Unusual care should have been taken to ensure that the underlying data would be free from human error due to manual data editing and recording and data processing errors (e.g. genotype duplications). Yet the FBI only recently recognized that dozens of such errors existed in these data sets after it embarked upon concordance studies with new test kits (1). The problems caused by these errors would have been reduced if the FBI had considered earlier published indications that there were duplicate entries and indications of other errors in the genotypes that gave rise to their allele frequency tables (2,3). This is not the only evidence of the FBI being slow to hear suggestions from members of the scientific community about some of its most prominent work. In 2009, a group of 40 scientists and legal scholars published an open letter in the journal Science that presented a set of compelling arguments for the FBI to “open the NDIS and other government DNA databases to independent scientific scrutiny. ” (4) The legislation that established NDIS (the National DNA Index System that contains the DNA profiles of millions of convicted offenders) in 1994 explicitly anticipated that database records would be available for purposes of research and quality control (5) yet the FBI (which controls the database) has published no research derived from NDIS and has declined to disclose these records to academic scholars. There is very good reason to expect that the result of such analyses by academicians would yield fundamentally important insights into such varied aspects of forensic DNA profiling as: locus reliability and test kit design, genotyping error rates, the efficacy of currently used corrections for population substructure, and the extent of geographic and regional differences in allele frequencies. In short, analysis of the NDIS genotypes would have a much greater impact on the criminal justice system than even the recent corrections to the FBI’s allele frequency tables. The case was made again at a presentation attended by many hundreds of individuals at the 2014 meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Unfortunately, the FBI has not responded positively to any of these very public requests for openness and respect for scientific processes. The FBI’s assertion that the impact of the errors it has “discovered” on statistical weights that have been generated for tens of thousands of criminal investigations is “nominal” may be self-serving. Only careful, independent analysis of the corrected underlying genotypes (which have also not yet been made available) will allow that to be determined. But, the lessons learned from a careful review of the genotypes the FBI originally generated in 1999 further make the case for critical, independent analysis of the very much larger data set in the National DNA Index System.
Survey on recommendation system methods

In recent years recommendation systems have changed the way of communication between both websites and users. Recommendation system sorts through massive amounts of data to identify interest of users and makes the information search easier. For that purpose many methods have been used. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is a method of making automatic predictions about the interests of customers by collecting information from number of other customers, for that purpose many collaborative base algorithms are used. CHARM algorithm is one of the frequent patterns finding algorithm which is capable to handle huge dataset, unlike all previous association mining algorithms which do not support huge dataset. This paper covers different techniques which are used in recommendation system and also proposes a new system for efficient web page recommendation based on hybrid collaborative filtering i.e. using collaborative technique and CHARM algorithm which are coupled with the pattern discovery algorithms such as clustering and association rule mining.
Insight into mammalian mitochondrial DNA segregation

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is essential for aerobic energy production in eukaryotic cells, and mutations in this genome can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Human mtDNA mutations are typically heteroplasmic, a mix of mutant and wild-type genomes, which can present as a heterogeneous group of disorders ranging in severity from mild to fatal, and commonly affecting highly aerobic tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and neurons. During the 1990s, many research groups started to notice that mtDNA mutations could segregate depending upon the mutation and tissue. This segregation pattern can have a direct effect on the onset and severity of these mutations. However, these segregation patterns could not be easily explained by respiratory chain function, implying that there is regulation of mtDNA independent of its bioenergetic role. A lot of research on this topic has been largely descriptive, but over the last several years advances in mitochondrial biology have provided some mechanistic insight into the regulation of the organelle and its genome. This review addresses these advances with respect to somatic segregation of mtDNA in mammals.
Predictive value of ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1 overexpression for stage III colorectal cancer patients receiving FOLFOX‐4 adjuvant chemotherapy

To determine the correlation between expression of three DNA repair genes and early failure/clinical outcome of stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients administrated with FOLFOX‐4, including the excision repair cross‐complementation group 1 (ERCC1), the excision repair cross‐complementing 2 (ERCC2), and X‐ray repair cross‐complementing protein 1 (XRCC1).
Uso de antibióticos en infección de vías urinarias en una unidad de primer nivel de atención en salud, Bogotá, Colombia

OBJETIVOS: Describir el uso de antibioticos en infeccion de vias urinarias, en una unidad de primer nivel de atencion en salud. METODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de una cohorte historica, basada en registros, de usuarios consultantes en la Unidad de Servicios de Salud-UNISALUD, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogota, con diagnostico de infeccion de vias urinarias, entre julio de 2002 y junio de 2003. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de infeccion de vias urinarias fue de 6,3 %, afectando especialmente a las mujeres con 84,4 %. Los signos y sintomas son los tipicamente encontrados en esta entidad: 58 % de los casos corresponde a infecciones bajas, 36 % a inespecificas, 4 % a infecciones durante el embarazo y 2 % a infecciones altas. Los uropatogenos aislados fueron: E. coli (88,9 %), Proteus spp. (5,1 %), Klebsiella spp. (3,7 %), Enterobacter spp. (1 %), Citrobacter spp. (1 %) y Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0,3 %). Hubo una gran variabilidad en la prescripcion de esquemas antibioticos. Los de mayor consumo, en dosis diaria definida, fueron: Nitrofurantoina, Trimetoprim-sulfa y Fluoroquinolonas, frente a los cuales, los uropatogenos aislados presentaron perfiles de susceptibilidad bajos. La proporcion de tratamientos empiricos con respecto a los confirmados fue de 4:1. El 98 % de los casos correspondio a pacientes con un unico evento, o con una o dos recurrencias. DISCUSION: La infeccion de vias urinarias presento un comportamiento acorde al perfil epidemiologico de esta entidad patologica en la poblacion general. La baja susceptibilidad de los microorganismos a los antibioticos prescritos, podria reflejar un uso inadecuado, a nivel de la comunidad institucional, induciendo presion selectiva sobre la resistencia bacteriana.
A Branch and Bound Algorithm for the Stability Number of a Sparse Graph

We present a branch and bound algorithm for finding a maximum stable set in a graph. The algorithm uses properties of the stable set polytope to construct strong upper bounds. Specifically, it uses cliques, odd cycles, and a maximum matching on the remaining nodes. The cliques are generated via standard coloring heuristics, and the odd cycles are generated from blossoms found by a matching algorithm. We report computational experience on two classes of randomly generated graphs and on the DIMACS Challenge Benchmark graphs. These experiments indicate that the algorithm is quite effective, particularly for sparse graphs.
Evidence based exercise - clinical benefits of high intensity interval training.

BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise has a marked impact on cardiovascular disease risk. Benefits include improved serum lipid profiles, blood pressure and inflammatory markers as well as reduced risk of stroke, acute coronary syndrome and overall cardiovascular mortality. Most exercise programs prescribed for fat reduction involve continuous, moderate aerobic exercise, as per Australian Heart Foundation clinical guidelines. OBJECTIVE This article describes the benefits of exercise for patients with cardiovascular and metabolic disease and details the numerous benefits of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in particular. DISCUSSION Aerobic exercise has numerous benefits for high-risk populations and such benefits, especially weight loss, are amplified with HIIT. High intensity interval training involves repeatedly exercising at a high intensity for 30 seconds to several minutes, separated by 1-5 minutes of recovery (either no or low intensity exercise). HIT is associated with increased patient compliance and improved cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes and is suitable for implementation in both healthy and 'at risk' populations. Importantly, as some types of exercise are contraindicated in certain patient populations and HIIT is a complex concept for those unfamiliar to exercise, some patients may require specific assessment or instruction before commencing a HIIT program.
Multicast channel communication with interactive receiver cooperation over orthogonal links

We consider the multicast channel (MC), in which a transmitter broadcasts only a common message to two receivers. In our previous work, we have derived information-theoretic upper and lower bounds and showed that the two-round receiver cooperation (2RC) scheme, in which the receivers interactively perform compress-forward and then decode-forward, improves the MC achievable rate over different schemes from the literature, in the general case of full-duplex bi-directional non-orthogonal cooperation links. In this paper, we concentrate on the orthogonal cooperation to identify the properties of this interactive cooperation. We show that the full-duplexing between the cooperation links is not essential to take advantage of most of the gain offered by the 2RC full-duplex scheme, while the full-duplexing between the MC and the cooperation links brings most of the gain.
On time-of-arrival positioning in a multipath environment

Wireless geolocation in a multipath environment is of particular interest for wideband communications. The conventional approach makes use of first-arriving signals only. In this paper, we investigate whether and under what conditions processing multipath delays should enhance the positioning accuracy. The best achievable positioning accuracy is evaluated in terms of the Cramer-Rao low bound (CRLB) and the generalized-CRLB (G-CRLB), depending on whether prior statistics of non-line-sight (NLOS) induced errors are available. We then show that such prior statics are critical to the accuracy improvement when the multipath delays are processed. Furthermore, the degree of accuracy enhancement depends on two major factors: the strength of multipath components and the variance of NLOS induced errors. The corresponding positioning receivers are also discussed. In previous work (Y. Qi and H. Kobayashi, Proc. 2002 IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustic Speech and Sig. Proc., pp. 2473-2476, 2002, and Proc. IEEE Vehicle Tech. Conf., pp. 285-288, 2002), we developed an analysis of the time-of-arrival (TOA) positioning method in an NLOS environment, assuming single path propagation. The main results obtained there are extended and applied to the multipath case in this paper.
Alcohol Consumption, History of Sexual Assault in Adolescence, and Revictimization in a Sample of University Students in the Western United States

This study evaluated alcohol consumption as a moderator of the association between adolescent sexual assault and risk of sexual assault in college. It was hypothesized that sexual assault in adolescence would be associated with higher risk of college victimization and that this association would be moderated by alcohol consumption. Predominantly female and European-American university students (N = 201) completed self-report measures of alcohol consumption and sexual assault victimization in adolescence and since enrolling in college at a medium-sized university in the Western United States. Controlling for effects of age and gender, there was a significant interaction between alcohol consumption variables (i.e., typical weekly alcohol consumption and binge drinking) and adolescent sexual assault, such that the greatest risk for sexual assault in college was incurred by the heaviest drinkers with the greatest frequencies of adolescent sexual assault. This study highlights the importance of considering past victimization history in concert with alcohol consumption in efforts to prevent sexual victimization in college.
Exploiting Temporal Sequence Structure for Semantic Analysis of Multimedia

Automatic deduction of semantic labels for audiovisual data requires awareness of context, which in turn requires processing sequences of audiovisual scenes or events. The representation of such sequences is important for semantic analysis tasks. Whereas, conventionally, sequences of specific short-duration event labels, often hand-annotated for learning detectors or classifiers, have been used, we propose a new technique for audiovisual event categorization in this paper, wherein units of audio and image scenes are discovered automatically from data in a likelihood-maximization process. We show how these units for audio and video, respectively called AUDs and VIDs, can be used to learn the salient characteristics of broad-category semantic labels without requiring explicit error recovery measures. Experiments with the MED-11 dataset show that AUDs and VIDs are better able to retrieve semantic categories from mixed-content data as compared to vector quantization-based systems and systems that use library-based descriptors. Index: multimedia analysis, semantic labels, unsupervised lexicon learning, audiovisual data retrieval
Channel Capacity in Wireless Communications

❐ Gaussian channels with power-constraint; ❐ Band-limited Gaussian channels; ❐ Parallel Gaussian channels with average power-constraint (water-filling); ❐ Parallel coloured Gaussian channels with average power-constraint; ❐ Capacity of time-varying fading channels with channel state side-information; ❐ Capacity of Rayleigh fading channels with diversity and channel state side-information; ❐ Capacity of multiple-input multiple-output channels.
Latent regeneration abilities persist following recent evolutionary loss in asexual annelids

Regeneration abilities have been repeatedly lost in many animal phyla. However, because regeneration research has focused almost exclusively on highly regenerative taxa or on comparisons between regenerating and nonregenerating taxa that are deeply diverged, virtually nothing is known about how regeneration loss occurs. Here, we show that, following a recent evolutionary loss of regeneration, regenerative abilities can remain latent and still be elicited. Using comparative regeneration experiments and a molecular phylogeny, we show that ancestral head regeneration abilities have been lost three times among naidine annelids, a group of small aquatic worms that typically reproduce asexually by fission. In all three lineages incapable of head regeneration, worms consistently seal the wound but fail to progress to the first stage of tissue replacement. However, despite this coarse-level convergence in regeneration loss, further investigation of two of these lineages reveals marked differences in how much of the regeneration machinery has been abolished. Most notably, in a species representing one of these two lineages, but not in a representative of the other, amputation within a narrow proliferative region that forms during fission can still elicit regeneration of an essentially normal head. Thus, the presence at the wound site of elements characteristic of actively growing tissues, such as activated stem cells or growth factors, may permit blocks to regeneration to be circumvented, allowing latent regeneration abilities to be manifested.
The role of observational learning in perceiving pbject properties in infants (March 2008)

Infants become skilful at manipulating objects around the end of the first year of life. The question asked here is how do they learn about object properties and what is the role of observation in learning to manipulate objects. In order to answer these questions we designed an experiment where we compared the effect of practice versus observation on learning new motor skills. We tested 84 infants aged 8, 10, 12, 15 and 18 months on two different tasks: a simple grasping task and a more complex retrieval task. We compared two groups of infants: an observation group where the experimenter presented directly the infants with the demonstration of the targeted action and then gave the infant the object to manipulate; and a self-exploratory group where infants were presented with a spontaneous trial before the demonstration. The results show that for a simple grasping task, only the youngest infants benefit both from practice and observation because of their poor performance at the very first, spontaneous, trial. As for the retrieval task, infants learned only by observation and not before 15 month of age.