Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inference and learning in gamma chains for Bayesian audio processing

Statistical description of complex phenomena encountered in many applications requires construction of nonstationary models. A first step in analysis of such nonstationary sources involves typically a traditional time‐frequency analysis Short time Fourier transform. In all these techniques, the underlying implicit assumption is that the process is piecewise stationarity, however dependencies across frequency bands or time frames are not explicitly characterised. Here, we investigate a class of prior models, called Gamma chains, for modelling such statistical dependencies in the time‐frequency representations of signals. In particular, we model the prior variance of transform coefficients using Markov chains, trees and fields of inverse Gamma random variables. This model class is Markovian and conditionally conjugate, so standard inference methods like Gibbs sampling, variational Bayes or sequential Monte Carlo can be applied effectively and efficiently. We also show how hyperparameters, that determine the.
La communication organisationnelle engageante au service des changements de comportement en matière d'éthique : cas d'une recherche-intervention à la Ville de Montréal

L'objectif de cette recherche est de developper un processus d'intervention base sur la communication organisationnelle engageante comme vecteur de changement des perceptions et des comportements en matiere d'ethique aupres des employes de la Ville de Montreal. Cette recherche consiste a ameliorer les pratiques de mise en œuvre et de consolidation d'une culture ethique a la Ville de Montreal. Cette recherche exploratoire, vise a clarifier une problematique plus ou moins bien definie (l'acceptation indue d'avantages par les gestionnaires dans l'exercice de leur fonction) et a identifier un devis experimental de recherche adequat, dans le but de mener une recherche de plus grande envergure. Cette presente recherche vise egalement a comprendre comment la communication organisationnelle engageante, en complement du cadre normatif et deontologique en vigueur, peut influencer favorablement le climat ethique de l'organisation pour conduire a l'adoption de comportements ethiques effectifs, voulus et prescrits par cette derniere au chapitre de l'integrite. La realisation d'actes engageants obtenus de la part de notre echantillon (8 cadres administratifs) montre que notre population cible a un haut niveau de conceptualisation et d'identification de ce qu'est un comportement integre, confirmant que le Code de conduite, meme s'il est necessaire et utile en termes de reperes et d'application des regles relatives aux valeurs de la Ville de Montreal (Respect, Loyaute et Integrite) doit s'accompagner d'une reflexion approfondie (pratique reflexive) pour valider l'engagement des cadres, renforcer leurs comportements ethiques existants et les faire participer au changement voulu par l'administration montrealaise. Nous concevons que la taille reduite de notre echantillon ne nous permette pas de valider le processus d'intervention aupres d'une cible plus large (l'ensemble des cadres administratifs de la Ville de Montreal par exemple). Cependant, les outils theoriques et methodologiques d'accompagnement qui instrumentent desormais l'equipe de recherche (chercheur et partenaire de recherche) ouvrent la porte a une intervention aupres d'une population dont on sait le comportement deviant en matiere d'ethique organisationnelle (cas de la problematique ethique relative au « vol de temps » par exemple). ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : Recherche-intervention, Communication engageante, Changement de comportement, Ethique organisationnelle et Ville de Montreal
Geodesic Distances and Hidden Markov Models for the 3D Face Recognition

The citizen security is a problem that in the recent years, as the daily crime news show, has grown in importance. In particular, the world research in this area, has spent his energy into the producing of a personal identification system as most possible secure. In the last years the Biometrics methods have imposed itself more and more in personal recognition field. The word “Biometrics” is used to refer to the study of the automatic methods of identification or authorization of people which entail the use of physiologic and behavioural characteristics (Ashbourn, 2000). The main technologies used for the identification of people and based on biometric recognition (Cascetta & De Luccia, 2004) can be devided in  personal identification founded on the biometric recognition of “static features”: capturing and processing of human anatomic characteristics such as fingerprints, geometry and "footprint" of the hand vascular, facial, iris and retinal geometry;  personal identification founded on the recognition of "dynamic features": vocal timbre, speech peculiarities (spectral analysis of the sound field), dynamic signature (pressure), digitization (pressure), gait (steps in walking). There are also other recognition techniques among which DNA matching that are not widely employed due to their complexity and the impossibility to wiork in real time (Jain & Bolle et al., 1999)( Jain & Halici et al., 1999).
TQM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

The Indian educational system is realizing the significance of providing quality education to its youth. The “quality” dimension forms the core of the education system. Quality has become recognized as perhaps the crucial factor in determining long-term success and survival.It is therefore, the need of the hour and the responsibility of every academic institution, to see where the quality work at the institution stands today.This paper starts with the background theory and then outlines the results of a study conducted on students and teachers of Allahabad district of Uttar Pradesh, India to obtain their perception about the quality aspect of their institution. The data thus collected was subjected to reliability analysis and t-test to test the various hypotheses.
Improving Sentiment Analysis of Short Informal Indonesian Product Reviews using Synonym Based Feature Expansion

Sentiment analysis in short informal texts like product reviews is more challenging. Short texts are sparse, noisy, and lack of context information. Traditional text classification methods may not be suitable for analyzing sentiment of short texts given all those difficulties. A common approach to overcome these problems is to enrich the original texts with additional semantics to make it appear like a large document of text. Then, traditional classification methods can be applied to it. In this study, we developed an automatic sentiment analysis system of short informal Indonesian texts using Naive Bayes and Synonym Based Feature Expansion. The system consists of three main stages, preprocessing and normalization, features expansion and classification. After preprocessing and normalization, we utilize Kateglo to find some synonyms of every words in original texts and append them. Finally, the text is classified using Naive Bayes. The experiment shows that the proposed method can improve the performance of sentiment analysis of short informal Indonesian product reviews. The best sentiment classification performance using proposed feature expansion is obtained by accuracy of 98%. The experiment also show that feature expansion will give higher improvement in small number of training data than in the large number of them.
Shapley Supercluster Survey: ram-pressure stripping versus tidal interactions in the Shapley supercluster

We present two new examples of galaxies undergoing transformation in the Shapley supercluster core. These low-mass (stellar mass from 0.4E10 to 1E10 Msun) galaxies are members of the two clusters SC-1329-313 (z=0.045) and SC-1327-312 (z=0.049). Integral-field spectroscopy complemented by imaging in ugriK bands and in Halpha narrow-band are used to disentangle the effects of tidal interaction (TI) and ram-pressure stripping (RPS). In both galaxies, SOS-61086 and SOS-90630, we observe one-sided extraplanar ionized gas extending respectively 30kpc and 41kpc in projection from their disks. The galaxies' gaseous disks are truncated and the kinematics of the stellar and gas components are decoupled, supporting the RPS scenario. The emission of the ionized gas extends in the direction of a possible companion for both galaxies suggesting a TI. The overall gas velocity field of SOS-61086 is reproduced by ad hoc N-body/hydrodynamical simulations of RPS acting almost face-on and starting about 250Myr ago, consistent with the age of the young stellar populations. A link between the observed gas stripping and the cluster-cluster interaction experienced by SC-1329-313 and A3562 is suggested. Simulations of ram pressure acting almost edge-on are able to fully reproduce the gas velocity field of SOS-90630, but cannot at the same time reproduce the extended tail of outflowing gas. This suggests that an additional disturbance from a TI is required. This study adds a piece of evidence that RPS may take place in different environments with different impacts and witnesses the possible effect of cluster-cluster merger on RPS.
Intelligent and Robust Authentication Management Framework to Resist Password Attacks

Majority of internet based applications were using the most popular password based authentication mechanism to allow the valid users to access the confidential data. Password based authentication became insecure because of various types of attacks like phishing, eavesdrop and dictionary attacks were introduced by adversaries to compromise the system. Automated Turing Tests (ATTs) were designed to resist the online dictionary attacks earlier, but they become too hard to identify by legitimate human-users, because to secure them from attacks.In this paper we introduced the Intelligent and Robust Authentication Management Framework to resist password attacks. This Intelligence of this work identifies the legitimate user to allow them to login without the ATT test by increasing the limit of failed login attempts to them and robustness of this framework forces more complex ATTs to improve the hardness of cracking passwords. To identify the legitimate users of an account this framework internally uses the valid user IP addresses and HTTP cookies stored at client machine. Experiment results shows that this framework is scalable for reducing the burden on legitimate users without compromising the security levels.
Endogenous Growth and South-North Trade

In this article, we develop an endogenous growth model to analyze the impact of knowledge spillovers, the disparity in initial endowments and production technologies on economic growth of two trading regions. We found that the growth rates of technology development of the two regions become uneven unless they have an identical initial steady-state labor allocation between technology development and intermediate inputs. Trade in intermediate goods and knowledge spillovers improve welfare in both regions.
Internal Migration in Mexico in the year 2000

This study, based on the Census sample of 2000, sought to identify permanent internal migratory flows: people settled in a geographical entity different from that in which they were born. The aim was to establish the volume of migration and the characteristics of the localities (birth and residence) and, at the same time, provide interpretations of these phenomena within some established theoretical frameworks. Methodologically, the principal flows of migration between states of the Republic were established and correlated with the size of the localities to which migrants are attracted. It was found that, the age groups and genders of migrants are reinterpreted, as are their choice of destinations, to give a picture of internal migration different from that suggested in general models, especially those originating in the first world. The role of women in migration in Mexico seems particularly important. A new interpretation of the migration of children is suggested.
Economies of size and implications for consolidation: a case study of Iowa school districts

The state of Iowa is currently faced with many budget difficulties. Due to the fact that education accounts for nearly half of all state appropriations and property taxes paid in the state, ways of decreasing educational costs may contribute to relieving the current fiscal stress. The aim of this paper is to develop a model from past analyses to test for the presence of economies of scale in Iowa School districts. The results reveal average benefits from a cross section of Iowa school districts that may be realized through administrative consolidation of districts with fewer than 600 students. It is recommended that school officials also consider the average costs associated with school consolidation before recommending its use. This study is the first step in evaluating the possibility of statewide benefits through consolidation efforts.
Linear stability and transient growth in driven contact lines

Fluid flowing down an inclined plane commonly exhibits a fingering instability in which the contact line corrugates. We show that below a critical inclination angle the base state before the instability is linearly stable. Several recent experiments explore inclination angles below this critical angle, yet all clearly show the fingering instability. We explain this paradox by showing that regardless of the long time linear stability of the front, microscopic scale perturbations at the contact line grow on a transient time scale to a size comparable with the macroscopic structure of the front. This amplification is sufficient to excite nonlinearities and thus initiate finger formation. The amplification is a result of the well-known singular dependence of the macroscopic profiles on the microscopic length scale near the contact line. Implications for other types of forced contact lines are discussed.
Behaviour of some low-flying aphids in wind

SUMMARY Field observations on low-flying gynoparae of Myzus persicae showed a marked upwind bias of courses in wind speeds between about 0.2 and 1.2 m/s, and of tracks of up to about 0.8 m/s. Progress over the ground was small and the net effect of the upwind bias was loose station-keeping. Quantitative recordings from Aphis fabae virginoparae in a laboratory wind tunnel 1.2 × 0.9 m in section showed similar station-keeping behaviour in winds up to about 0.4 m/s. The behaviour comprised upwind orientation and regulation of airspeed according to the wind speed, both reactions being more precise at higher wind speeds. These reactions to wind could be simulated in still air by providing a moving floor pattern. Their role in the field appears to have been underestimated.
Developing and evaluating a novel tool for quantification and visualization of brain atrophy

Growing dementia incidence in aging societies brings about an increased need for biomarkers for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and assessing the effectiveness of candidate treatments. A promising path is to use imaging to search for characteristic patterns of regional brain atrophy in the various types of dementia and at various stages of disease progression. In this work, a novel approach is proposed that quantifies atrophy on magnetic resonance images of the brain by analyzing the discrepancy between the brain region and the cranial vault, the latter of which is assumed to represent the approximate premorbid brain volume. The atrophy on the regional level is estimated by segmenting the discrepancy region, labelling each voxel according to the nearest anatomical brain region. A complementary visualization of atrophy in the different types of dementia occurring in a clinical research database (the Gothenburg MCI Study) was produced. The results showed significant atrophy compared to controls in the following groups: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mixed-type dementia (Mix, featuring both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease), and a pooled group (MVD) containing both vascular and mixed-type dementia. Significantly atrophied regions were the superior temporal gyrus (middle part) and the inferior frontal gyrus in all three groups, the cuneus and the posterior orbital gyrus in AD and Mix, the angular gyrus and the third ventricle in AD and MVD, and the middle and inferior temporal gyrus and the lateral remainder of the occipital lobe in both Mix and MVD. The novel approach is not sensitive enough to distinguish between different dementia types, however its capability to indicate regions which are known for involvement in AD encourages further development of the method and more extensive validation.
Prognostic factors affecting outcome of hospitalised infants 1-6 months with severe acute malnutrition in North India

Background: Emerging evidences show that severe acute malnutrition is prevalent in infants below 6 months of age. This study is focused on the prognostic factors which decide the outcome of management of these infants in a hospital.Methods: Admitted patient for severe acute malnutrition and related complications were observed during their stay in the hospital. Detailed history to find out contributing factors that cause severer acute malnutrition in this age group was taken. Anthropometry, related morbidities were recorded and outcome was assessed.Results: A total of 115 infants of 1 to 6months of age were enrolled to study. Birth characteristics such as birth weight (p-value 0.0133), prematurity (p-value 0.023), birth spacing (p-value 0.0064), infant feeding characteristics as giving pre-lacteal feed(p-value 0.011), exclusive breast feeding (p-value 0.0473), deprivation of colostrum (p-value 0.003), maternal characteristics as age at first conception (p-value <0.0001), maternal literacy status ( p-value 0.0453); presence of sepsis, incomplete immunization, presence of bilateral pedal edema, visible severe wasting, all these variables were found to affect the recovery of an infant during hospital stay.Conclusions: The present study helps to identify significant risk factors associated with severe acute malnutrition in less than 6 months old infants which can be included in management, prevention and policy making in future.
Factors that influence learning during a scientific field trip in a natural environment

This study deals with the educational effectiveness of field trips. The main purpose was to obtain insight concerning factors that might influence the ability of students to learn during a scientific field trip in a natural environment. The research was conducted in the context of a I-day geologic field trip by 296 students in Grades 9 through I1 in high schools in Israel. The study combined qualitative and quantitative research methods. Data were collected from three different sources (student, teacher, and outside observer) in three stages (before, after, and during the field trip). Using observations and questionnaires we investigated: a) the nature of student learning during the field trip, b) student attitudes toward the field trip, and c) changes in student knowledge and attitudes after the field trip. Our findings suggest that the educational effectiveness of a field trip is controlled by two major factors: the field trip quality and the “Novelty space” (or Familiarity Index). The educational quality of a field trip is determined by its structure, learning materials, and teaching method, and the ability to direct learning to a concrete interaction with the environment. The novelty space consists of three prefield variables: cognitive, psychological, and geographic. The learning performance of students whose “Novelty Space” was reduced before the field trip was significantly higher than that of students whose “Novelty Space” had not been so reduced. Thus, the former group gained significantly higher achievement and attitude levels. It is suggested that a field trip should occur early in the concrete part of the curriculum, and should be preceded by a relatively short preparatory unit that focuses on increasing familiarity with the learning setting of the field trip, thereby limiting the “Novelty Space” factors.
Southern ( SAIS ) 5-18-2013 AFFECT AND RISKS IN IS RESEARCH

Affect and reliance on affect in making decisions under risk (affect heuristic) are important and distinct concepts that have received virtually no attention in the study of IS/ecommerce risk assessment. Affect in response to a risky stimulus is automatic and precedes all judgments/decisions. When processing of information is difficult, due to ambiguity or stimulus novelty, people might substitute a readily available evaluation (affect) for deliberation. When affect results in a strong positive/negative feeling state, people report benefits and costs, which are congruent with affect thus, there is a possibility that privacy calculus and similar trade-off models may be artifacts of ignoring affect, rather than genuine phenomena. Finally, the concept of affect directs attention to the affective evaluability of attributes of stimulus as a key step in measuring, understanding and communicating risk. We are in the process of developing a model of risk which incorporates affective considerations for IS/Ecommerce research.
Design of Control Algorithm for Renewable Energy Resources

The need for renewable energy sources is on the rise because of the subtle energy crisis in the world today. By the year 2020, India plans to produce atleast a minimum of 20 Gigawatts of Solar power, whereas we have only tapped less than half a Gigawatt of our potential as of March 2010. Solar energy is an important untapped resource in a tropical country like ours. The main obstruction for the penetration and reach of solar PV systems is their high capital cost and low efficiency. In this thesis, we examine a schematic to extract maximum obtainable solar power from a PV module and use the energy for DC and AC application also tackling with the problem of partial shading in PV. This project also uses the concept of Maximum PowerPoint Tracking (MPPT) which significantly increases the efficiency of the solar photovoltaic system. But in this project our main intention is to interface the PV array with the MPP tracker and process power for dc and ac loads. All simulations are carried under MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Long-range ordering of topological excitations in a two-dimensional superfluid far from equilibrium

We study the relaxation of a two-dimensional (2D) ultracold Bose gas from a nonequilibrium initial state containing vortex excitations in experimentally realizable square and rectangular traps. We show that the subsystem of vortex gas excitations results in the spontaneous emergence of a coherent superfluid flow with a nonzero coarse-grained vorticity field. The stream function of this emergent quasiclassical 2D flow is governed by a Poisson-Boltzmann equation. This equation reveals that maximum entropy states of a neutral vortex gas that describe the spectral condensation of energy can be classified into types of flow depending on whether or not the flow spontaneously acquires angular momentum. Numerical simulations of a neutral point vortex model and a Bose gas governed by the 2D Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a square reveal that a large-scale monopole flow field with net angular momentum emerges that is consistent with predictions of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The results allow us to characterize the spectral energy condensate in a 2D quantum fluid that bears striking similarity to similar flows observed in experiments of 2D classical turbulence. By deforming the square into a rectangular region, the resulting maximum entropy state switches to a dipolar flow field with zero net angular momentum.