Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acinetobacter: Microbiology, Epidemiology, Infections, Management

Introduction: History and Importance of Acinetobacter spp. , Role in Infections, Treatment, and Cost Implications. Biology of Acinetobacter spp. Acinetobacter-Microbiology. Epidemiology of Acinebacter spp. , Surveillance and Management of Outbreaks. Acinebacter Infections-Overview of Clinical Features. Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Acinetobacter spp. Resistance of Acinetobacter spp. to Antimicrobials-Overview of Clinical Resistance Patterns and Therapeutic Problems. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter spp. -Genetics of Resistance. Nosocomial Infections Caused by Acinetobacter spp. -Therapeutic Problems. Appendices.
Nectarios extraflorales en Turnera, series Canaligerae y Leiocarpae

En este trabajo se describe la anatomia de los nectarios extraflorales de diecisiete especies de Turnera, pertenecientes a Canaligerae y series Leiocarpae. Los nectarios foliares nacen en el apice del peciolo o en la base de las laminas foliares, son discoides, cupular with a rim surrounding a cup. Aunque el tamano y la morfologia son variables entre las especies, la estructura de los nectarios es basicamente la misma. Estan compuestos por una epidermis secretora, que consiste en 1-4 capas de celulas columnares. Detras de este tejido, por lo general hay 2-8 capas de parenquima glandular. El cuerpo del nectario esta formado por ground parenchyma; drusas de oxalato de calcio y idioblastos taninos son abundantes en esta zona. El aporte vascular proviene del paquete peciolo mediano. Es proporcionada por 1 o 2 paquetes laterales que se ramifican en varias ocasiones en la parenquima baja del nectario. En todos los nectarios estudiados el tejido vascular termina como hebras aisladas de floema entre las celulas de la parenquima secretora. Por primera vez, tracheoids se describen en nectarios; estos elementos eran conocidos solamente en el vetillas de hojas de angiospermas. La mayoria de las especies de la serie Canaligerae, tienen «poros» en la epidermis secretora, que es de hecho, una protuberancia determinado por la parenquima glandular, la superficie es plana o crateriforme. Una cuticula densa cubre la epidermis, solo en el centro de los «poros» es lo suficientemente delgada como para permitir la extrusion de nectar. En ninguna de las especies se observo ruptura de la cuticula. En los nectarios Leiocarpae el «poro» esta menos desarrollado o ausente.
Synaptic Targeting of Neurotransmitter Receptors is Regulated by Neurobeachin

In neuronal network, information is transferred mainly via chemical synapses. Typically, a neuron receives thousands of inputs, which are transmitted by the activation of a large number of receptors present at postsynapses. Therefore, the functional integrity of synapses is tightly dependent on the localization and function of postsynaptic receptors. The receptor transport, anchoring, and turnover at postsynaptic sites all contribute to synaptic strength and are controlled by multiple trafficking, sorting, motor, and scaffolding proteins. In this study, Neurobeachin (Nbea), a neuron specific BEACH domain protein, was identified as a novel essential regulator of the trafficking of neurotransmitter receptors to postsynapses. The deletion of Nbea leads to a reduction in GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission due to reduced surface expression of GABAA and glutamate receptors. AMPA- type glutamate receptors are trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus of the Nbea KO neurons, and kainate, NMDA, and GABAA receptors do not reach the synapses in Nbea KO neurons. However, the total expression levels of pre- and postsynaptic proteins, the maturation and surface expression of membrane proteins, as well as presynaptic function and synapse formation are unperturbed upon Nbea loss. Thus, under resting conditions Nbea organizes the synaptic delivery of neurotransmitter receptors directly from the endoplasmic reticulum to synapses and thereby exerts a major influence on synaptic transmission.
The Avian Egg: Chemistry and Biology

A survey of what is known about the chemistry and structure of avian eggs and how this information relates to the biosynthesis and biological functions of eggs, and to some aspects of the human uses of eggs is given in this book. Topics include: the chemical and structural aspects of the shell, albumen, vitelline membrane and yolk followed by subjects of more biological, microbiological, nutritional, medical, and commercial interest. A final summary presents some of the experimental procedures employed by the authors in the research laboratory. Tables of useful data, an extensive bibliography and over 150 illustrations are included. The text will be of interest to researchers in zoology, agriculture, poultry science and biochemistry.
The potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for soil analysis — a case study from the Riverine Plain of south-eastern Australia

Environmental management in agricultural systems must be maintained while controlling costs and increasing productivity. To obtain a better response from inputs in agriculture, cost-effective soil analysis is needed to enable site-specific applications. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology has the potential to provide a rapid, low-cost analysis enabling within field variability to be identified. NIRS was evaluated for its ability to predict a range of soil properties in the Riverine Plain soils of southern New South Wales. Over 550 topsoil (0-10 cm) and 300 subsoil (40-50 cm) samples from a range of soil types were air dried and ground before scanning with a NIRSystems model 6500 scanning spectrophotometer. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression procedure was used to determine the best correlation (i.e. calibration) between the chemical reference data and spectral data for both topsoil and subsoil samples. A validation set of samples was used to test the predictive ability of NIRS for a number of soil properties. The results demonstrated that NIRS can successfully determine some soil properties in both the topsoil and subsoil. In the topsoil, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable Ca and Mg, pH and Ca : Mg ratio were predicted with a high level of accuracy and organic carbon and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) with an acceptable level of accuracy. In the subsoil, CEC, exchangeable Na, Ca, Mg, ESP, pH and Ca : Mg ratio were all predicted with a high degree of accuracy. The predictive ability of NIRS for many soil constituents may make it suitable for use in agricultural soil assessment for site-specific agriculture in the Riverine Plain soils of southern New South Wales.
Assessment of genetic diversity and analysis of pedigree completeness in three horse breeds in Slovakia.

SUMMARY The aim of the study was to assess the diversity based on pedigree information in three horse populations. The pedigree information was available from The National Stud Topoľcianky, Slovakia. The whole analysed populations consisted of (reference populations in brackets) 537 (58) Lipizzan horses, 1984 (45) Shagya Arabian horses and 1105 (31) Hucul horses. The equivalent complete generations ranged from 5.48 for the Lipizzan, to 7.35 for the Shagya Arabian horses. The average of inbreeding coefficient ranged from 1.16 for the Lipizzan to 5.11 for the Hucul horses. The highest average individual increase of inbreeding ∆Fi = 0.82 % and the average individual relatedness coefficient AR = 7.82 % was found for the Hucul horses. Therefore the lowest value of effective population size Ne = 58.73 was found for Hucul horses. The assessment populations were derived from 90 to 255 founders. The effective number of founders ranged from 23 to 83, the effective number of ancestors from 16 to 23, while founder’s genome equivalent ranged from 5.45 to 11.23. Only a small number of ancestors were needed to explain half of the genetic diversity in the studies populations (from 6 for the Hucul and Shagya Arabian to 9 for the Lipizzan). Results will be used in genetic management of breeding work in Slovakian horse breeds and monitoring of parameters characterizing genetic diversity and their development, as well.
Human Origins: What Bones and Genomes Tell Us about Ourselves

Ever since the recognition of the Neanderthals as an archaic form of human in the mid-nineteenth century, the fossilized bones of extinct humans have been used by paleoanthropologists to explore human origins. These bones told the story of how the earliest humans - bipedal apes, actually - first emerged in Africa some 6 to 7 million years ago. Starting about 2 million years ago, the bones reveal that as humans became anatomically and behaviorally more modern, they swept out of Africa in waves into Asia, Europe, and finally into the New World. Even as paleoanthropologists continued to make important discoveries - Mary Leakey's Nutcracker Man in 1959, Don Johanson's Lucy in 1974, and most recently Martin Pickford's Millennium Man, to name just a few - experts in genetics were looking at the human species from a very different angle. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick first envisioned the double helix structure of DNA, the basic building block of all life. In the 1970s it was shown that humans share 98.7 percent of their genes with the great apes - that in fact genetically we are more closely related to chimpanzees than chimpanzees are to gorillas. And most recently the entire human genome has been mapped - we now know where each of the genes are located on the DNA strands that make up our chromosomes. In "Human Origins: What Bones and Genomes Tell Us about Ourselves", two of the world's foremost scientists, geneticist Rob DeSalle and paleoanthropologist Ian Tattersall, show how research into the human genome confirms what fossil bones have told us about human origins. This unprecedented integration of the fossil and genomic records provides the most complete understanding possible of humanity's place in nature, its emergence from the rest of the living world, and the evolutionary processes that have molded human populations to be what they are today. "Human Origins" serves as a companion volume to the American Museum of Natural History's new permanent exhibit, as well as standing alone as an accessible overview of recent insights into what it means to be human.
Overexpression and characterization of the cystic fibrosis protein CFTR using AFM and MALDI-TOF-MS

A need exists for the development of additional methods capable of providing structural information about large transmembrane proteins such as the protein responsible for cystic fibrosis, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, (CFTR), where traditional methods like NMR and X-ray crystallography have not been applicable. In the study reported here, CFTR was initially tagged with a poly(histidine) tail and overexpressed in a baculovirus system, allowing for the only one-step purification of CFTR that has been reported, using a nickel-affinity chromatography column. Sufficient CFTR was obtained using this method to enable the mapping of 80 proteolytic peptides, identified by MALDI-TOF MS, onto the primary sequence of CFTR. This same method was then used to obtain 3D structural information concerning CFTR by exposing native CFTR, still within cellular membranes, to the hydrophilic, cysteinealkylating reagent IAA and observing changes in mass. One cysteine located within the predicted pore region of CFTR, Cys-343, was found to be lAA-accessible and therefore accessible to the solvent. However, 3 additional cysteine residues, one each within the NBDl domain, R-domain, and C-terminal tail region, were found to be inaccessible to IAA and therefore predicted to be buried within the 3D structure of CFTR. This is the first method concerning the use of mass spectrometry on whole CFTR in its native environment. In another study, AFM was used to characterize purified and liposomereconstituted CFTR from this lab for the purpose of detecting protein-protein interactions involving CFTR. Here, the cytoskeleton protein F-actin was found to interact with CFTR without the need for accessory proteins. Additionally, this study constituted the first reported attempt at using atomic force microscopy to characterize protein-protein interactions involving CFTR, or any other transmembrane protein, in a lipid environment.
Spatial and dynamic organization of molecular structures in the cell nucleus

In this thesis we attempt to provide a better understanding of the principles that underlie the spatial dynamic organization of the cell nucleus. Chapter 1 reviews the current status of knowledge about the structural and functional organization of the cell nucleus. In chapter 2, the development of a computer program is described that has been designed to track the 2D and 3D motion of objects in the nucleus of living cells. In chapter 3, evi-dence is provided for the existence of a nuclear matrix structure that is composed of lamin proteins, emerin and actin. By analyzing the dynamics of telomeres in nuclei of cells showing reduced levels of lamin expression, it is investigated whether telomeres anchor to an inner nuclear lamina structure. In chapter 4 the de novo formation of PML nuclear bodies is described. Using live cell imaging and immunocytochemistry it is dem-onstrated that telomeres play a role in the de novo formation of PML bodies. In chapter 5 it is investigated whether nuclear bodies are associated with chromatin in the cell nucleus. After treating cells with DNA alkylating agent MMS, the dynamics of PML bodies, Cajal bodies and speckles has been analyzed relative to chromatin in the 3D space of the cell nucleus
Regional and seasonal patterns of nutritional condition and reproduction in elk

Des donnees demographiques montrent que de nombreuses populations de Wapitis des Rocheuses (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) et de Wapitis de Roosevelt (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) ont connu un declin au cours des dernieres decennies. De recents travaux semblent indiquer que la qualite du fourrage et son effet sur l’etat nutritionnel de l’animal, notamment a la fin de l’ete et au debut de l’automne, influencent la reproduction et la survie du wapiti. Nous avons estime l’etat nutritionnel saisonnier de 861 femelles dans 21 troupeaux au cours de 2 114 campagnes de capture realisees dans les etats de Washington, de l’Oregon, du Wyoming, du Colorado et du Dakota du Sud entre 1998 et 2007. Nous avons estime le taux de lipides sans ingesta et la masse corporelle et avons etabli l’âge, le taux de gestation et le taux de lactation. Pour la plupart des troupeaux, nous avons fait nos estimations a la fin de l’hiver/au debut du printemps (fin fev.-debut avr.) et a l’automne (nov.-debut dec.) afin de determiner si l’etat nutritionnel des individus variait au cours des saisons. Nos donnees semblent indiquer que les wapitis ont un regime alimentaire inadequat en ete et qu'il s'agit d'une situation generalisee. Les aires de repartition estivales de seulement 3 troupeaux sont parvenus a soutenir un taux de lipides et un taux de gestation relativement eleves en automne (taux de lipides de 11-13% et taux de gestation >90%), meme parmi les femelles qui avaient reussi, annee apres annee, a elever un petit. La plupart des autres aires de repartition soutenaient un taux de lipides peu eleve en automne (5% a 9%), et il etait courant de voir des pauses reproductives (taux de gestation <80%). Dans l'ensemble, nos donnees n'ont pas reussi a demontrer deux hypotheses repandues: 1) les conditions de fourrage en ete et au debut de l'automne sont generalement satisfaisantes pour prevenir les carences nutritionnelles chez les adultes en matiere d'accretion des lipides, de taux de gestation et de croissance des petits et des jeunes wapitis d'un an; et 2) l'alimentation et les conditions meteo hivernales sont les principaux facteurs limitatifs dans la reproduction du wapiti. Au contraire, nos donnees ont montre qu'il existait une tres forte correlation entre le regime alimentaire d'ete, le taux de lactation et la probabilite d'accouplement, correlation qui etait peu influencee par les conditions hivernales. C'etait plutot le caractere adequat du regime alimentaire d'ete qui regissait la performance reproductive des wapitis femelles et la croissance et le developpement de leur progeniture dans les montages des regions du nord-ouest et des Rocheuses. Nos travaux demontrent la necessite de mettre davantage l'accent sur les habitats d'ete dans les plans d'amenagement forestier en ce qui concerne les wapitis.
Toxico-pathological effects of parenteral administration of gentamicin in growing broilers.

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the toxicopathological effects induced by intramuscular administration of gentamicin in growing broilers. A total of 180 broiler chicks at four weeks of age were divided into 16 groups and each group was administered a single intramuscular injection of gentamicin varying from 0 to 120 mg/kg body weight. Mortality was 100% in the groups receiving gentamicin 70 mg/kg and above. Feed intake and body weight of gentamicin administered groups was lower than control. The birds administered 0, 10 and 20 mg/kg gentamicin did not exhibit any clinical signs, while those in higher dose groups exhibited depression, sitting on hocks, lack of interest in feed, increased water intake, watery diarrhea and emaciation. Hemorrhagic and swollen kidneys bulging out from bony socket and mild swollen liver with discolored areas were consistent gross findings. Microscopically, kidneys showed severe congestion and tubular necrosis. Total serum protein and albumen was significantly lower in groups receiving higher doses of gentamicin as compared with control. Serum ALT and creatinine values were higher in gentamicin groups as compared with 0 and 10 mg/kg groups indicating nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects. It is concluded that gentamicin at higher doses resulted in poor growth and severe nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects. © 2013 Friends Science Publishers
Response of Weeds to Soil Phosphorus and Potassium

Ten warm-season and seven cool-season weed species were grown in the glasshouse on Hartsells fine sandy loam taken from field plots that had been in long-term fertility studies. The soil pH was 5.9 and phosphorus (P) levels ranged from 8 to 95 kg/ha and the potassium (K) levels from 40 to 213 kg/ha. Growth response to P and K levels was measured by dry herbage yield. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), and Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC] were the most responsive warm-season weed species to P, whereas chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo] was the most responsive cool-season weed to P. Extreme P deficiency symptoms were evident on species giving a high response to P. P-deficient plants were severely stunted and exhibited a characteristic reddish-purple color. Showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth), tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth], sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.) were the most tolerant to low soil P. Redroot pigweed, jimsonweed, and Florida beggarweed were the most responsive warm-season weeds to K. Wild mustard [Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. Pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) were the most responsive cool-season weeds to K. Potassium deficiency symptoms were characterized primarily by severe stunting. Buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), Carolina geranium, and curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) were the most tolerant cool-season weeds to low soil K. Generally, weeds were more sensitive to low soil-test P than K.
Responses of an ancient woodland field layer to soil translocation: methods and timing

Questions Do woodland field layer communities reassemble effectively after being translocated from a donor to a receptor site? Does the method of soil handling (turfing or loose-tipping) or the season of transfer determine the outcome? Location A deciduous ancient coppice woodland in Kent, southeast England. Methods Two methods of soil translocation were compared: loose-tipping, involving stripping a layer of topsoil and re-spreading it at a receptor site; and soil placement, in which soil turves were cut and laid intact. The operation also provided an opportunity to observe the effects of seasonal translocation, respectively, in autumn and spring. Soil compaction, texture and chemistry were assessed after translocation, while vegetation cover changes were followed over a 10-yr period. Results Immediately after soil transfer, the vegetation community reverted to an earlier successional stage, with bare ground rapidly colonized by annuals and biennials, many germinating from the soil seed bank. By the third year after translocation, a perennial vegetation cover had developed comprising grasses and woodland-edge opportunists as well as most of the original woodland species. After 10 yr, bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) dominated the receptor sites, along with the woodland geophyte bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), while some woodland species became less abundant. Localized soil compaction radically altered species composition. Autumn translocation promoted better immediate recovery of forest species than spring translocation, while soil placement caused less initial damage than loose-tipping. Convergence in vegetation composition in all soil handling treatments was observed towards canopy closure. Conclusions Results illustrate the importance of conducting translocation operations in the autumn when the vegetation is dormant and soil moisture is low, and point to the need for sensitive soil handling. After 10 yr the field layer at the receptor site still resembled that of the donor, but with differences in abundance of some individual species.
A Mixed Method Descriptive Study of High School Graduates' Dual Enrollment Experiences and the Influence on College Readiness

The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the perceptions of graduates regarding the benefits of participating in Dual Enrollment and how their participation influenced their college readiness. Dual enrollment programs have become prominent nationwide. Several studies show positive outcomes including increased high school completion, improved postsecondary persistence, and higher college degree completion. This study will evaluate dual enrollment participants at one high school located in central Georgia. Data is analyzed and presented based on relevance to the effectiveness of the dual enrollment program. The study was important because the success of Dual Enrollment could provide a possible remedy for the challenges of decreased college degrees, training for the workforce, and college preparedness. This study will be relevant because scholars are unclear about the effects and effectiveness of Dual Enrollment on college readiness. This research was designed to close some of the gaps in the literature and help education stakeholders continue developing and promoting effective procedures to the Dual Enrollment program. An online survey instrument and a telephone interview were utilized to gain the perceptions of the high school Dual Enrollment students. Mixed method including quantitative and qualitative measures will be applied to this study.