Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microfiber Optical Sensors: A Review

With diameter close to or below the wavelength of guided light and high index contrast between the fiber core and the surrounding, an optical microfiber shows a variety of interesting waveguiding properties, including widely tailorable optical confinement, evanescent fields and waveguide dispersion. Among various microfiber applications, optical sensing has been attracting increasing research interest due to its possibilities of realizing miniaturized fiber optic sensors with small footprint, high sensitivity, fast response, high flexibility and low optical power consumption. Here we review recent progress in microfiber optical sensors regarding their fabrication, waveguide properties and sensing applications. Typical microfiber-based sensing structures, including biconical tapers, optical gratings, circular cavities, Mach-Zehnder interferometers and functionally coated/doped microfibers, are summarized. Categorized by sensing structures, microfiber optical sensors for refractive index, concentration, temperature, humidity, strain and current measurement in gas or liquid environments are reviewed. Finally, we conclude with an outlook for challenges and opportunities of microfiber optical sensors.
Corticospinal projections to upper limb motoneurones in humans.

1. Magnetic stimulation was applied over the motor cortex in forty‐five normal human subjects and peristimulus time histograms (PSTHs) of the discharges of single motor units were used to record changes in the firing probability of individual spinal motoneurones of contralateral upper limb muscles. Recordings were obtained from 153 motor units from fourteen upper limb muscles. 2. For the majority of motor units the initial effect was a short latency facilitation. The estimated central conduction velocities and the rise times of the underlying excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were compatible with monosynaptic facilitation by a fast corticospinal pathway. In some motor units the initial effect was a short latency inhibition. Other units showed no statistically significant changes in firing probability. The proportion of the tested motor units in each of these categories depended on the muscle. All of the sampled units of first dorsal interosseous (1DI) showed short latency facilitation, as did the majority of units in the forearm and the biceps brachii. More than half of the sampled motor units of triceps brachii and deltoid showed either no effect or were inhibited. 3. To compare the net short latency actions of the neurones activated by magnetic stimulation on various motoneurone pools, the magnitude of the short latency facilitation or inhibition in a given motor unit was normalized to the magnitude of the short latency facilitation in the 1DI motor unit of the same subject at the same stimulus intensity, and these data were pooled for a number of subjects. 4. 1DI motoneurones received strong net facilitation (estimated mean EPSP amplitude 2.9 +/‐ 0.2 mV), the motoneurones of forearm muscles and biceps brachii received weaker net facilitation and triceps brachii and deltoid received no net effect. 5. It is concluded that the short latency corticospinal projections to upper limb motoneurones in humans have a distinct pattern which is similar to that in other primates.
Prevalence of Parasitism and Adult Survival Time of Aedes albifasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Parasitized by Strelkovimermis spiculatus (Nematoda: Mermithidae)

ABSTRACT: We described the carryover of Strelkovimermis spiculatus (Poinar and Camino) (Nematoda: Mermithidae) from mosquito larvae, the primary site of maturation, to adults. We analyzed the survival time of male and female Aedes albifasciatus (Macquart) (Diptera: Culicidae) parasitized by S. spiculatus, the time of emergence of nematodes from adult mosquitoes, and the state of parasitism in the same mosquito cohorts during the immature stages. Mosquito larvae with single and multiple parasitism (up to 11 parasites) were observed. The mortality of mosquito larvae and adults was produced in all cases where at least one mermithid emerged. The mortality of S. spiculatus showed an increasing trend in mosquito larvae with larger numbers of nematodes and was higher in larvae parasitized by eight or more nematodes. Maximum survival of parasitized adult females of Ae. albifasciatus was 38 days, while non-parasitized adult males and females survived 39 and 41 days, respectively. Strelkovimermis spiculatus mortality was observed in Ae. albifasciatus larvae with single or multiple parasitisms. The spread of mermithid parasitism in adult mosquito populations is discussed.
Cardiac tamponade in a preterm neonate secondary to a chest tube

In a preterm infant, chest tubes were inserted for treatment of bilateral pneumothoraces. Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade developed, probably resulting from traumatic injury by the left chest tube. The infant survived due to timely diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. No recurrence of pericardial effusion was seen and follow‐up showed normal psychomotor development.
A systematic review of the evidence on home care reablement services

Objective: To determine whether publically funded ‘reablement services’ have any effect on patient health or use of services. Design: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies in which reablement interventions were compared with no care or usual care in people referred to public-funded personal care services. Data sources included: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EPOC register of studies, trials registers, Medline, EMBASE, and CINHAL. Searches were from 2000 up to end February 2015. Setting: Not applicable. Participants: Investigators’ definition of the target population for reablement interventions. Main outcome measures: Use of publically funded personal care services and dependence in personal activities of daily living. Results: We found no studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria that assessed the effectiveness of reablement interventions. We did note the lack of an agreed understanding of the nature of reablement. Conclusions: Reablement is an ill-defined intervention targeted towards an ill-defined and potentially highly heterogeneous population/patient group. There is no evidence to suggest it is effective at either of its goals; increasing personal independence or reducing use of personal care services.
Genomic Sequencing of Pleistocene Cave Bears

Despite the greater information content of genomic DNA, ancient DNA studies have largely been limited to the amplification of mitochondrial sequences. Here we describe metagenomic libraries constructed with unamplified DNA extracted from skeletal remains of two 40,000-year-old extinct cave bears. Analysis of ∼1 megabase of sequence from each library showed that despite significant microbial contamination, 5.8 and 1.1% of clones contained cave bear inserts, yielding 26,861 base pairs of cave bear genome sequence. Comparison of cave bear and modern bear sequences revealed the evolutionary relationship of these lineages. The metagenomic approach used here establishes the feasibility of ancient DNA genome sequencing programs.
High Launch Switching Activity Reduction in At-Speed Scan Testing Using CTX: A Clock-Gating-Based Test Relaxation and X-Filling Scheme

At-speed scan testing is susceptible to yield loss risk due to power supply noise caused by excessive launch switching activity. This paper proposes a novel two-stage scheme, namely CTX (Clock-Gating-Based Test Relaxation and X-Filling), for reducing switching activity when a test stimulus is launched. Test relaxation and X-filling are conducted (1) to make as many FFs as possible inactive by disabling corresponding clock control signals of clock-gating circuitry in Stage-1 (Clock-Disabling), and (2) to equalize the input and output values in Stage-2of as many remaining active FFs as possible (FF-Silencing). CTX effectively reduces launch switching activity and thus yield loss risk even when only a small number of don't care (X) bits are present (as in test compression) without any impact on test data volume, fault coverage, performance, or circuit design.
PART VI: SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES IN THE RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN BY PRODUCT

Study/activity Objectives Safety concerns addressed Status Date for submission of interim or final reports (planned or actual) PASS using databases in four European countries category 3 To assess the incidence of hospitalisation for liver injury in current medical practice in comparison with other antidepressant drugs. Hepatotoxic reactions On-going Interim report: Q3.2016 Final report: December 2017
Survey on Android application for power efficiency in private cloud

: Nowadays distributed systems are used everywhere. In distributed environment as there are numbers of processes running in the environment from which some processes are not required to execute for that specific instance. To schedule that process and balance the energy load in network traffic. We use the OFF concept. In these OFF concept, we close the unwanted process running in the background using the Ad-hoc network. In private cloud it is not possible to administrate all machines at the same instance of time, to overcome this problem propose system gives the notification message to the administrator when particular machine having greater load value. This system also provides the remote operation of processes using an android device. The Administrator can remotely shut down the systems as well as stop the unwanted processes. Also, this provides the single URL for the same task in the absence of android device. An evaluation and comparative study of the proposed approach provides evidence of its merits in terms of elasticity, energy efficiency, and scalability, as well as of its feasibility in the presence of high workload rate.
Cell-cycle-specific repair of DNA double strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

It has been established in yeast that the response to ionizing radiation is cell-cycle dependent. These observations can be interpreted in terms of variations in the ability to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). In the present work, DSB repair was examined directly in synchronous yeast cultures irradiated in either the G/sub 2/ or the G/sub 1/ phase. DSB repair in G/sub 2/ cells was rapid and appeared to be complete in less than 2 h. Based on the absence of DNA synthesis during repair, it was concluded that DSB repair does not require a normal round of S phase DNA replication. In G/sub 1/ cells on DSB repair was observed and the nuclear DNA was degraded during incubation after irradiation. Following irradiation, the G/sub 1/ cells produced buds with little delay and accumulated at the next mitosis. However, the extent of S phase DNA synthesis normally associated with budding was substantially decreased. The data are consistent with the idea that cell-cycle-dependent changes in survival following ionizing radiation reflect differential capacity for DSB repair, and that the repair observed in G/sub 2/ may involve recombination between sister chromatids.
Research on hierarchical routing protocol based on optimal clustering head for wireless sensor networks

Developing an energy-efficient clustering protocol is one of the major issues in wireless sensor networks. In order to reduce overall energy consumption of wireless sensor networks, prolong network lifetime, the shortcomings of LEACH algorithm are studied. The clustering algorithm is composed of two phases, the cluster building phase and stable data communication phase. In this paper, the cluster head selection of the algorithm is improved. According to the residual energy of sensor nodes, communication energy consumption of neighbour nodes and the distance between the nodes and the sink nodes, a hierarchical routing protocol based on optimal clustering head for wireless sensor networks is proposed. On condition that the residual energy of the node exceeds a certain threshold, the probability of being clustering head is affected by the nodes’ network parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can balance the energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime.
Consensus of Auditors’ Decisions in the IFRS Era: Evidence from Korea

IFRS has been criticized in that it allows diverse interpretations, so it is necessary to examine whether auditors make similar decisions when confronted with ambiguous accounting transactions. To this end, this study investigates the effects of the transaction type on the auditors’ consensus under IFRS. This paper used two types of accounting decisions: decision by numeric (quantitative) conditions (lease classification decision by the given lease term, such as 8 years) and decision by verbal (qualitative) conditions (impairment loss recognition by the probability of the loss). We conduct a field experiment with Korean auditors. The results suggest that under IFRS the consensus of auditors’ decisions may not be reached in some types of transaction - especially in numerically-conditioned transactions. Therefore, it is needed to improve auditors’ consensus by using group decision making (e.g., interacting discussion) and decision aids (e.g., providing counter-explanations).
The Always-On Business Model and Competitive Advantage

This chapter discusses the always-on business model of information technology (IT) and how firms can gain a competitive advantage and differentiate themselves from competitors that may be adopting a similar always-on model. The discussion of how firms can get and keep a competitive advantage has been a topic of interest for a long time. An always-on application is a type of IT application; therefore, this is part of a more general research question that has been of interest to researchers that researches have wondered if information system applications actually provide an advantage to firms when firms are getting the same type of IT application. Previous research has concluded that IT improves productivity but the exact mechanisms by which IT increases business value are still not fully understood. One of the mechanism by which IT improves the competitiveness of firms is through the identification of innovative opportunities (Bardhan et al., 2013).
Small-signal modelling and parametric sensitivity of a Virtual Synchronous Machine

The Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) concept is emerging as a flexible approach for controlling power electronic converters in grid-connected as well as stand-alone or microgrid applications. Several VSM implementations have been proposed, with the emulation of inertia and damping of a traditional Synchronous Machine (SM) as their common feature. This paper investigates a VSM implementation based on a Voltage Source Converter (VSC), where a virtual swing equation provides the phase reference for cascaded voltage and current control in a synchronous reference frame. The control system includes also a virtual impedance and an outer loop frequency droop controller which is functionally equivalent to the governor of a traditional SM. A linearized small-signal model of the VSM including the converter and its grid side filter, the control system and a simple grid equivalent, is developed and verified by time-domain simulations of a nonlinear system model. The small-signal model is used to identify the critical modes of the system and to investigate their parametric sensitivity.
Quantitative determination of surface antibody binding capacities of immune subsets present in peripheral blood of healthy adult donors.

The objective of this study was to quantitate the antibody binding capacity (ABC) of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, and CD19 on lymphocytes and CD4 on monocytes from healthy adult donors. Peripheral blood was collected over three consecutive days and repeated in the same format two weeks later for comparison to initial measurements. Immune subsets were labeled by direct single or two-color staining in whole blood followed by lysis of erythrocytes. Fluorescence intensity measurements were made by carefully calibrating the flow cytometer and then measuring the intensity of monoclonal antibody staining on labeled cells and on Quantum Simply Cellular Microbeads. The effect of paraformaldehyde fixation on intensity measurements and coefficient of variation of thirty replicates for each phenotype were also studied. We found a small change in calculated ABC following overnight fixation with a greater change following 48 h of fixation prior to flow cytometric analysis. We found excellent precision could be achieved for measuring the ABC of most markers with some improvement desirable for expression of CD4 on monocytes and CD16+ lymphocytes. Between donors we found a high-low range of CD3+ = 134,349-45,905; CD4+ (lymphocytes) = 54,174-36,106; CD4+ (monocytes) = 9,246-3094; CD8+ = 268,868-190,622; CD3+CD8+ = 269,858-212,024; CD16+ = 38,307-336; and CD19+ = 25,252-11,689. For the total donor group, the observations at week 1 and week 2 were not significantly different (alpha = .05) for any of the immunophenotypes we studied. The data presented here continue to show that it is possible to perform quantitative intensity measurements of immune subsets when performing immunophenotyping studies.
Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica by using congo red-magnesium oxalate agar medium

A Congo red-magnesium oxalate agar medium was developed to detect expression of virulence-associated calcium dependency and Congo red absorption in Yersinia enterocolitica. Of the 157 pathogenic serotypes tested, 119 (75.8%) were positive; 98% of nonpathogenic serotypes and strains of three other Yersinia species were negative.
Covariance matrix estimation for stationary time series

We obtain a sharp convergence rate for banded covariance matrix estimates of stationary processes. A precise order of magnitude is derived for spectral radius of sample covariance matrices. We also consider thresholded covariance matrix estimator that can better characterize sparsity if the true covariance matrix is sparse. As our main tool, we implement Toeplitz (1911)'s idea and relate eigenvalues of covariance matrices to the spectral densities or Fourier transforms of the covariances. We develop a large deviation result for quadratic forms of stationary processes using m-dependence approximation, under the framework of causal representation and physical dependence measures.
Programming languages - an interpreter-based approach

Read more and get great! That's what the book enPDFd programming languages an interpreter based approach will give for every reader to read this book. This is an on-line book provided in this website. Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the world also loves it so much. As what we talk, when you read more every page of this programming languages an interpreter based approach, what you will obtain is something great.
Astrocytes: Glutamate producers for neurons

In order for the brain to use the common amino acid glutamate as a neurotransmitter, it has been necessary to introduce a series of innovations that greatly restrict the availability of glutamate, so that it cannot degrade the signal‐to‐noise ratio of glutamatergic neurons. The most far‐reaching innovations have been: i) to exclude the brain from access to glutamate in the systemic circulation by the blood‐brain barrier, thereby making the brain autonomous in the production and disposal of glutamate; ii) to surround glutamatergic synapses with glial cells and endow these cells with much more powerful glutamate uptake carriers than the neurons themselves, so that most released transmitter glutamate is rapidly inactivated by uptake in glial cells; iii) to restrict to glial cells a key enzyme (glutamine synthetase) that is involved in the return of accumulated glutamate to neurons by amidation to glutamine, which has no transmitter activity, and can be safely released to the extracellular space, returned to neurons and deaminated to glutamate; iv) to restrict to glial cells two key enzymes (pyruvate carboxylase and cytosolic malic enzyme) that are involved in, respectively, de novo synthesis (from glucose) of the carbon skeleton of glutamate, and the return of the carbon skeleton of excess glutamate to the metabolic pathway for glucose oxidation. As a consequence of these innovations, neurons constantly require new carbon skeletons from glial to sustain their TCA cycle. When these supplies are withdrawn, neurons are unable to generate amino acid transmitters and their rate of oxidative metabolism is impaired. Given the commensalism that exists between neurons and glia, it may be fruitful to view brain function not just as a series of interactions between neurons, but also as a series of interactions between neurons and their collaborating glial cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:417–428, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maturity models of IT outsourcing: A systematic literature review

This article provides a systematic review of existing research related to maturity models of IT outsourcing. The main purpose of this review is to identify maturity models used to assess IT outsourcing practices in organizations and the key elements used in developing the models. In addition, this article provides useful insight for other researchers on maturity models of IT outsourcing. Based on the systematic review conducted, 400 articles were retrieved from the selected online databases. Out of the 400, 45 articles were chosen as candidates, and finally 12 articles were selected for review in this study. This study found that most of the existing models do not have a standard process and most were developed using different framework with different deliverables and expectations. Besides that, this review also found that research in developing maturity models of IT outsourcing is still new, and that there is limited adoption of existing maturity models which suggests the need for further research to propose a standardized development process and framework for maturity models.
Dietary fatty acids and progression of coronary artery disease in men 14

We examined associations between dietary fatty acids and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 50 men receiving a lipid-lowering diet or usual care in the St Thomas’ Atherosclerosis Regression Study. Nutrient intake was assessed by dietary history and computerized food tables. Progression of CAD over 39 mo, measured by a decrease in minimum absolute width of coronary segments (MinAWS) on angiography, was highly correlated with intakes of palmitic, stearic (18:0), palmitoleic, and elaidic (t18: 1 ) acids (P < 0.001 ): no protective effects were found with polyunsaturates. Total saturates and trans unsaturates explained 20% of variance in CAD progression. After adjustment for plasma cholesterol and other risk factors, change in MinAWS was most closely associated with intakes of I 8:0 and t18: 1 fatty acids (P = 0.009). We suggest that progression of CAD in men is strongly related to intakes of both long-chain saturates and trans unsaturates, the effects of 18:0 and t18: 1 possibly being independent of plasma cholesterol concentration. A n J C/in Nutr
ESPAC-3(v2): A multicenter, international, open-label, randomized controlled phase III trial of adjuvant 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (5-FU/FA) versus gemcitabine (GEM) in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

LBA4505 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. [Table: see text].