Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
World Health Organization Guidelines on Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Best Practice Advice From the American College of Physicians

I the United States, the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is 1.2 per 100 000 persons, the prevalence is 2.4 million cases, and annual mortality is more than 15 000 deaths (1, 2). Eliminating hepatitis will require diagnosis of 90% of those infected followed by treatment of 80% of those diagnosed (3). The World Health Organization (WHO) updated its evidencebased guideline on chronic HCV infection in July 2018 (Table) (3). Although the WHO guideline is primarily targeted toward policymakers in lowand middleincome countries, recommendations are relevant to the United States, where equity and resource allocation issues are also important considerations. We discuss implications of the WHO recommendations for clinicians and patients in the United States.
Sourcing and Propagation of Pontechium maculatum for Horticulture and Species Restoration

Simple Summary Russian bugloss, a species of ornamental, apicultural and medicinal value, is threatened in some Central European countries. To restrict its overexploitation from nature the alternative method of propagation using tissue culture was elaborated here. Additionally, the generative reproductive ability was compared for two groups of plants obtained from seeds (received from Germany and representing the Polish vanishing population) and those of in vitro origin. It was proved that the German seed-origin plants had the greatest propagation efficacy and developed the greatest number of seeds. The ability of seeds to germinate was similar for all plants; however, seeds were in a state of dormancy, which can be broken using plant growth regulators. It was also proved that cultivation in vitro can induce some variability among received plants, which makes this way of Russian bugloss propagation a potential breeding tool. Abstract Pontechium maculatum, a species of ornamental, apicultural, health and medicinal value, is threatened in some Central European countries including Poland. Its propagation using seeds or in vitro techniques is needed for multiple applications including conservation. Generative propagation efficacy of P. maculatum plants representing different genetic resources (received from botanical gardens in Germany and in Poland) propagated from seeds or in tissue culture was assessed. Moreover, an efficient technique of propagation of P. maculatum using in vitro shoot culture from seedlings was elaborated for the first time. The highest propagation efficacy was noted for German plants of seed origin. The ability of seeds to germinate was similar for all plants; however, seeds were in a state of dormancy, which was broken by GA3. After two years of storage, the seeds still retained the ability to germinate though seeds from propagated in vitro plants germinated more poorly than those from seed-originated plants. The ploidy assessment showed that some in vitro-origin plants had altered DNA content. The results indicate that efficacy of generative propagation of P. maculatum is resource dependent. Furthermore, results suggest that cultivation in vitro influenced some generative features of examined species, which makes this way of P. maculatum propagation a valuable source of genetic variation and a potential breeding tool.
Graphene-supported single-atom catalysts and applications in electrocatalysis

Supported metal nanostructures are the most extensively studied heterogeneous catalysts, benefiting from easy separation, regeneration and affordable cost. The size of the supported metal species is one of the decisive factors in determining the activity of heterogeneous catalysts. Particularly, the unsaturated coordination environment of metal atoms preferably act as the active centers, minimizing these metal species can significantly boost the specific activity of every single metal atom. Single-atom catalysts/catalysis (SACs), containing isolated metals atomically dispersed on or coordinated with the surface of a support material, represent the ultimate utilization of supported metals and maximize metal usage efficiency. Graphene, a two-dimensional star material, exhibiting extraordinary physical and chemical properties, has been approved as an excellent platform for constructing SACs. When atomically dispersed metal atoms are strongly anchored on the graphene surface, featuring ultra-high surface area and excellent electronic properties, SACs offer a great potential to significantly innovate the conventional heterogeneous catalysis, especially in the field of electrocatalysis. In this review, a detailed discussion of graphene-supported SACs, including preparation approaches, characterization techniques and applications on typical electrocatalytic reactions is provided. The advantages and unique features of graphene-supported SACs as efficient electrocatalysts and the upcoming challenges for improving their performance and further practical applications are also highlighted.
The recovery of Atlantic halibut: a large, long-lived, and exploited marine predator

Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) have a long history of exploitation in the Northwest Atlantic and have gone through several periods of high biomass followed by a population crash. An assessment model using data collected on the Scotian Shelf and southern Grand Banks shows that the population peaked in 1984, then decreased sharply to a low in 1993. Several management measures were taken during the decline, including reductions in total allowable catch and a minimum size limit. Concurrently, removals by the otter trawl fishery were drastically reduced following the collapse of the cod (Gadus morhua) fishery. In 2003, recruitment increased and continued to be high for 6 years. Fishing mortality rates were moderate in the late 1990s and 2000s and the population increased. By 2009, the Atlantic halibut population was highly productive with both high biomass and high levels of recruitment. The coincidence in the timing of population recovery and management actions indicates that effective management contributed to the recovery of Atlantic halibut.
Cryptic lineages respond differently to coral bleaching

Coral cover is decreasing worldwide largely as a result of a rise in seawater temperatures that triggers coral bleaching and induces coral mortality. How coral reefs will respond to climate change will be a function of genetic variation and how it is partitioned within and among species. A critical initial step is to accurately delineate species and quantify their physiological potential to cope with heat stress. Cryptic species are morphologically similar but genetically distinct and may respond physiologically differently to climate change. A dominant Caribbean reef builder severely affected by climate change is the mountainous star coral, Orbicella faveolata. Recently in this journal, Dziedzic et al. reported quantitative genetic variation in the physiological response to thermal stress in a single population of this species, suggesting that variation within populations will allow these corals to adapt to rising ocean temperatures. We reanalysed their data and found multiple cryptic lineages rather than a single panmictic population, with one of the lineages being heat‐intolerant. While different cryptic lineages co‐occur in certain locations, there is at least one lineage that occurs only in a single location. Our finding of hidden lineages within a threatened species highlights the varying extinction risks faced by these independently evolving groups, especially when the prospects of survival under warmer oceans seem favourable for only some of them.
Rôle de la levure dans la transformation de certains constituants volatils du bois de chêne au cours de l'élaboration en barrique des vins blancs secs

Certains constituants volatils du bois de chene sont doses dans les vins par chromatographie en phase gazeuse: furfural, methyl-5-furfural, alcool furfurylique, β-methyl-γ-octolactone). La levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a partir du furfural, peut produire de l'alcool furfurylique. Cette reaction intervient naturellement au cours de la fermentation, la reduction du furfural par les «lies» est plus lente. Il est ainsi possible de differencier analytiquement, apres 3 mois d'elevage, un vin fermente en cuve puis eleve en barrique neuve de chene, d'un vin ayant ete loge en barriques neuves des le debut de la fermentation alcoolique. +++Some volatile compounds from oak casks (furfural, methyl-5-furfural, furfuryl alcohol, β-methyl- γ-octolactone) are analysed in wines by gaz liquid chromatography. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to produce furfuryl alcohol from furfural. This reaction naturaly occurs during alcoholic fermentation of wines in new oak-casks. Alter fermentation, reduction of furfural by the « lees » becomes slower. So, after 3 months of aging, it is possible to differenciate on analytical data, a wine fermented in tank and aged in new oak casks from a wine fermented and aged in new oak casks.
Noninvasive study of brain tumours metabolism using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) is currently not accepted as a diagnostic tool in the neuro-oncological practice, although it provides useful non-invasive information about biochemical processes ongoing in the intracranial tumours. This pilot study was aimed to present the diagnostic capability of the 31P MRS in brain tumour examination, even its application on clinical 1.5T MR scanner.Seven patients with brain tumorous lesions (four glioblastomas, one ependymoma, and two lung metastasis) underwent multivoxel in vivo 31P MRS performed on clinical 1.5 T MR scanner within measurement time of 20 minutes. Comparing two selected voxels, one in the tumour and the other one in the normal-appearing brain tissue, enabled to investigate their metabolic differences. Enhanced markers of membrane phospholipids synthesis (significantly increased phosphomonoesters ratios) than markers of their degradation (significantly decreased phosphodiesters ratios) manifested a higher cell proliferation ongoing in tumours. High energetic tumorous tissue demands leading to anaerobic metabolic turnover were present as a significant decline in phosphocreatine ratios and adenosine triphosphates. Intracellular pH evaluation showed a tumorous tendency to alkalize. 31P MRS enables the non-invasive metabolic characterization of intracranial tumours and thus appears to be a clinically useful method for the determination of ongoing tumour pathomechanisms (Fig. 2, Ref. 26). Keywords: brain tumour, 31P MRS, 1.5 Tesla; energetic metabolism.
Bias in Aerial Survey

Aerial censuses of large mammals are inaccurate because the observer misses a significant number of animals on the transect. The accuracy deteriorates progressively with increasing width of transect, cruising speed, and altitude. Methods of eliminating bias by refining techniques are discussed and rejected; there seems to be no technical solution. An alternative strategy is to measure the bias and correct the estimates accordingly. A method is suggested for estimating bias during an aerial census, the subsequent analysis returning an unbiased estimate of density. No direct measure of true density is needed and little extra effort is involved over that required for a standard aerial survey. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 38(4):927-933 This paper examines the effect of visibility bias, discusses the means by which the bias arises, and suggests methods by which it might be eliminated from aerial survey estimates of density and population size. Aerial survey is, at best, a rough method of estimating the size of a population. Most efforts at refinement have been aimed at raising the precision of the estimate by combining impeccable survey design, high sampling intensity, intricate stratification, and powerful methods of analysis. This trend can be traced back to Siniff and Skoog's (1964) superb paper on an aerial census of caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Their use of stratified random sampling, with sampling effort allocated proportional to density, contrasted markedly with the crudity of previously reported surveys. Subsequently, Jolly's (1969a) paper on designs and analyses appropriate to aerial survey has encouraged a rigorous and disciplined application of the method. Recent papers following this lead have tended to treat the difficulties of estimating population size from the air largely as constituting a sampling problem, a survey being rated successful or otherwise according to the size of the estimate's standard error. Tacitly, the standard error was treated as a measure of the estimate's accuracy rather than of its repeatability. Underlying the preoccupation with precision there often lurked an implicit assumption that the estimate is free of bias, that the observers counted all animals on each sampled
The Effect of Silica-Filler on Polyurethane Adhesives Based on Renewable Resource for Wood Bonding

The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability and performance of polyglycerol- and sucrose-based polyols as components of a simplified formulation of polyurethane adhesives. Colloidal silica was used as a viscosity control and reinforcing agent. The adhesives were examined in terms of reactivity, thermal stability, viscosity, work of adhesion, wetting, surface energy, and bonding strength on wooden substrates. Silica was found to increase gelling time, but markedly improved bonding strength and adhesion with substrates. Bonded solid beech wood samples prepared at 80, 110, and 130 °C showed shear strengths between 7.1 MPa and 9.9 MPa with 100% wood failure. The renewable resource-based polyols were demonstrated to be useful in formulation of polyurethane adhesives for furniture industry—especially with silica as a filler.
Maturation at high frequency of germinal-vesicle-stage mouse oocytes after cryopreservation: alterations in cytoplasmic, nuclear, nucleolar and chromosomal structure and organization associated with vitrification

: After thawing and culture in vitro, greater than 90% of germinal-vesicle (GV)-stage mouse oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification, were capable of resuming meiosis and undergoing normal chromosomal and cytoplasmic maturation to metaphase II. This high frequency of development occurred against a background of profound alterations in the structure and organization of the cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus and chromatin during the dehydration stage of vitrification. Most, but not all, cytoplasmic and nuclear perturbations returned to a normal state during post-thaw culture. However, the results clearly demonstrate that vitrification is associated with chromosomal and cellular disorders that could adversely affect development after fertilization. Irreversible changes of potential developmental significance observed after vitrification at the GV stage include (i) premature chromosomal condensation, (ii) mixing of nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic components prior to GV breakdown, and (iii) externalization of chromatin fragments into the cytoplasm after reformation of the oocyte nucleus, which shows the potential for the generation of fertilizable oocytes containing deleted segments of DNA.
Fall Detection With UWB Radars and CNN-LSTM Architecture

Fall detection is a major challenge for researchers. Indeed, a fall can cause injuries such as femoral neck fracture, brain hemorrhage, or skin burns, leading to significant pain. However, in some cases, trauma caused by an undetected fall can get worse with the time and conducts to painful end of life or even death. One solution is to detect falls efficiently to alert somebody (e.g., nurses) as quickly as possible. To respond to this need, we propose to detect falls in a real apartment of 40 square meters by exploiting three ultra-wideband radars and a deep neural network model. The deep neural network is composed of a convolutional neural network stacked with a long-short term memory network and a fully connected neural network to identify falls. In other words, the problem addressed in this paper is a binary classification attempting to differentiate fall and non-fall events. As it can be noticed in real cases, the falls can have different forms. Hence, the data to train and test the classification model have been generated with falls (four types) simulated by 10 participants in three locations in the apartment. Finally, the train and test stages have been achieved according to three strategies, including the leave-one-subject-out method. This latter method allows for obtaining the performances of the proposed system in a generalization context. The results are very promising since we reach almost 90% of accuracy.
Organizational commitment among physicians: A systematic literature review

Purpose Physicians work increasingly in larger organizations across different health care delivery systems. This systematic review examines the published empirical literature on organizational commitment among physicians within an international context. Design A systematic, PRISMA-guided review examining studies of organizational commitment among physicians published over time. Four article databases and a combination of appropriate search terms aided in identifying relevant articles. Findings Key findings include: (a) physicians, regardless of country, personal characteristics, type of job, or place of employment generally have lower levels of organizational commitment than other health care workers; (b) work- and job-related variables, particular age and job satisfaction, shape physicians’ organizational commitment; and (c) organizational commitment and the factors that shape it are similar across physicians working in different health systems. Review implications: Organizational commitment should remain central for researchers to study in most health systems internationally. Larger samples, longitudinal research, and greater use of theory are design improvements that will strengthen the extant research. The findings imply that if healthcare organizations create workplaces that make physicians feel in control, do not overwhelm them with work, provide a supportive culture, enhance their ability to give input, and keep them job satisfied, they may gain enhanced organizational commitment. Originality and value: To our knowledge, this is the first review of research examining organizational commitment among physicians. It is a resource for researchers and managers interested in learning more about aligning physician thinking and behavior with health care organizations.
Antibiotic Consumption Patterns in European Countries May Be Associated with the Incidence of Major Carcinomas

The possible role of the altered intestinal microbiome in the development of malignancies has been raised recently in several publications. Among external factors, antibiotics are considered to be the most important agent capable of producing dysbiosis in the gut flora, either temporally or permanently. The human microbiome has several beneficial effects in terms of maintaining appropriate human health, but its alteration has been implicated in the development of many illnesses. Our basic aim was to explore a possible relationship between the consumption of different antibiotic classes and the incidence of the most common cancer types (male, female) in European countries. A database of the average, yearly antibiotic consumption (1997–2018) has been developed and the consumption figures were compared to the eight, most frequent cancer incidence calculated for 2018 in 30 European countries. Pearson correlation has indicated different degrees of positive (supportive) and negative (inhibitor) significant associations between antibiotic consumption figures and cancer prevalence. It has been observed that certain antibiotic classes with positive correlation probably augment the incidence of certain cancer types, while others, with negative correlation, may show some inhibitory effect. The relatively higher or lower consumption pattern of different classes of antibiotics could be related to certain cancer prevalence figures in different European countries. Our results indicated that countries with relatively high consumption of narrow-spectrum penicillin (J01CE, J01CF) and tetracycline (J01A), like certain Scandinavian countries, showed a higher incidence of female colorectal cancer, female lung cancer, melanoma, breast, prostate and uterus corpus cancer. Countries with relatively higher consumption of broad-spectrum penicillin (J01CA, J01CR) and some broad-spectrum antibiotics (J01D, J01F, J01M), like Greece, Hungary, Slovakia, France, etc. showed a higher incidence rate of male lung cancer and male bladder cancer. The higher incidence rate of different cancer types showed association with the higher consumption of antibiotics with “augmenting” properties and with less consumption of antibiotics with “inhibitory” properties.
The molecular taxonomy of three endemic Central Asian species of Ranunculus(Ranunculaceae)

Worldwide, the genus Ranunculus includes approximately 600 species and is highly genetically diverse. Recent taxonomic reports suggest that the genus has a monophyletic origin, divided into two subgenera, and consists of 17 sections. The Central Asian country of Kazakhstan has 62 species of the genus that have primarily been collected in the central part of the country. The latest collection trips in southern parts of the country have led to the description of a wider distribution area for Ranunculus and the identification of a new species Ranunculus talassicus Schegol. et A.L. Ebel from Western Tien Shan. Therefore, in this study, attempts were made to assess the molecular taxonomic positions of R. talassicus and two other species endemic to the Central Asian region R. karkaralensis Schegol. and R. pskemensis V.N. Pavlov in relation to other species of the genus, using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular genetic markers. The ITS-aligned sequences of 22 local Central Asian accessions and 43 accession sequences available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database allowed the construction of a maximum parsimony phylogenetic tree and a Neighbor-Net network. The results indicated that R. talassicus and R. pskemensis could be assigned to section Ranunculastrum. Additionally, an assessment of the network suggested that R. pskemensis was the rooting taxon for the group of species containing R. talassicus, and that R. illyricus L. and R. pedatus Waldst. & Kit. were founders of a prime rooting node for the Ranunculastrum section of the genus. The ITS-aligned sequences showed that R. karkaralensis was indifferent with respect to three other species in the Ranunculus section of the genus, i.e., R. acris L. , R. grandifolius C.A. Mey. , and R. subborealis Tzvelev. The study indicated that the assessments of ITS-based phylogenetic tree and Neighbor-Net network provided new insights into the taxonomic positions of three endemic species from Central Asia.