Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechatronical approach to investigations of rescue operations

World faced a number of natural and man-triggered catastrophic disasters during the last decade, originated by earthquakes and terrorist attacks. Hence, term “rescue operations” and “Urban Search and Rescue (USAR)” gained new sense. Time of rescue teams to find people buried in ruins is too short (about 48 hours). Analysis shows that all world centres for robotics, autonomous systems and artificial intelligence work on problems of design and control of rescue devices and processing of inflowing sensor data.
Tracer Studies on the Metabolism of the Gardner Lymphosarcoma II . Energy-yielding Reactions and Amino Acid Uptake into Protein of the Tumor Cell

INTRODUCTION Formation of peptide bonds in protein synthesis is an energy-requiring reaction. The necessary en ergy, presumably, can be derived from either the reactions of glycolysis or aerobic oxidation. It is widely accepted that the energy derived from metabolic processes is stored and transferred through the synthesis of compounds with high en ergy phosphate bonds, particularly adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is to be noted that only two such bonds are formed from one molecule of glucose by glycolysis, whereas at least 30 (7) are formed per molecule of glucose by oxidation via the Krebs'
Shortened Polarization Beam Splitters With Two Cascaded Multimode Interference Sections

This letter presents a design for shortening the length of a polarization beam splitter (PBS) by using two cascaded multimode interference (MMI) sections with different widths. By optimizing the MMI parameters, a short PBS of good performance is achieved. The total length of the PBS is reduced to about 1/28 of that of a conventional design.
Exact Analysis of Multihop Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Systems over General Fading Links

A new theoretical method, the generalized transformed characteristic function (GTCF) approach gives an exact, integral solution for the probability density function of the end-to-end received signal-to-noise ratio in multihop amplify-and-forward relaying systems. In turn, the GTCF approach is used to obtain exact integral solutions for the ergodic capacity, outage probability and average symbol error probability of multihop amplify-and-forward relaying systems. The results are precise for any number of hops and can accommodate any channel fading distribution. The theory provides the first exact theoretical solutions for numbers of hops larger than 2.
Effect of Administration Time of Exenatide on Satiety Responses, Blood Glucose, and Adverse Events in Healthy Volunteers

The objective was to investigate whether varying administration time of exenatide affects the magnitude of satiety responses, blood glucose, and adverse events in healthy volunteers. In this randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 4‐period crossover, single‐dose study, the authors measured satiety responses, blood glucose, and adverse events in 20 participants receiving exenatide (10 μg) at either −60 minutes, −30 minutes, or −15 minutes or placebo at −30 minutes relative to a standardized test meal. Compared with placebo, exenatide reduced caloric intake (P = .0059), food intake (P = .0032), and glucose concentrations at 60 (P < .001) and 120 minutes after meals (P = .015). Nausea (63% vs 20%), reduced appetite (43% vs 10%), and vomiting (18% vs 0%) occurred more frequently in exenatide‐treated subjects compared with placebo (P < .05). Significant differences were noted in caloric intake (P = .0149) and food intake (P = .0205) based on the administration time of exenatide, with doses given further from meals producing reduced feeding responses. No such difference was found in postprandial glucose concentrations or adverse events based on timing of exenatide administration. Single‐dose exenatide administered further from mealtime had an increased magnitude on satiety responses in healthy volunteers. Postprandial glucose concentrations and the frequency of adverse events did not differ by the administration time of exenatide.
Linear and nonlinear signatures in the planetary wave dynamics of an AGCM: Phase space tendencies

Abstract To identify and quantify indications of linear and nonlinear planetary wave behavior, characteristics of a very long integration of an atmospheric general circulation model in a four-dimensional phase space are examined. The phase space is defined by the leading four empirical orthogonal functions of 500-hPa geopotential heights, and the primary investigated characteristic is the state dependence of mean phase space tendencies. Defining the linear component of planetary wave tendencies as that part which can be captured by a least squares fit linear operator driven by additive Gaussian white noise, the study finds that there are distinct linear and nonlinear signatures. These signatures are especially easy to see in plots of mean tendencies projected onto phase space planes. For some planes the mean tendencies are highly linear, while for others there are strong departures from linearity. The results of the analysis are found to depend strongly on the lag time used to estimate tendencies with the.
Reliability and validity of three pain provocation tests used for the diagnosis of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy

Background The clinical assessment of chronic proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) in athletes is a challenge to sports medicine. To be able to compare the results of research and treatments, the methods used to diagnose and evaluate PHT must be clearly defined and reproducible. Objective To assess the reliability and validity of three pain provocation tests used for the diagnosis of PHT. Methods Ninety-two athletes with (N=46) and without (N=46) PHT were examined by one physician and two physiotherapists, who were trained in the examination techniques before the study. The examiners were blinded to the symptoms and identity of the athletes. The three pain provocation tests examined were the Puranen–Orava, bent-knee stretch and modified bent-knee stretch tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) based on the repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyse the intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability, while sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios were used to determine the validity of the three tests. Results The ICC values in all three tests revealed a high correlation (range 0.82 to 0.88) for the interexaminer reliability and a high-to-very high correlation (range 0.87 to 0.93) for the intraexaminer reliability. All three tests displayed a moderate-to-high validity, with the highest degree of validity being yielded by the modified bent-knee stretch test. Conclusion All three pain provocation tests proved to be of potential value in assessing chronic PHT in athletes. However, we recommend that they be used in conjunction with other objective measures, such as MRI.
Tools for Post LEEP Surveillance

Recurrences of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) as well as invasive cervical carcinoma have been reported to arise following ablative or excisional treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. This review utilizes MEDLINE and National Library of Medicine’s PubMed review of the various screening tools used in follow-up protocols for women treated by loop excision for CIN. Cervical cytology, colposcopy, endocervical curettage and HPV typing have been advocated for use as tools for follow up. Involvement of the surgical margins and the presence of HPV-DNA are associated with higher risks of recurrence and should be taken into consideration. The psychological impact of undergoing colposcopy may affect compliance with follow-up visits and should be dealt with appropriately. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to list the various tools that can be used for the surveillance of patients after treatment for CIN, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of each surveillance method, and summarize methods to improve compliance with follow-up.
The Probability That a Random Multigraph is Simple

Consider a random multigraph G* with given vertex degrees d1,. ,dn, constructed by the configuration model. We show that, asymptotically for a sequence of such multigraphs with the number of edges $\tfrac12\sumd\to\infty$, the probability that the multigraph is simple stays away from 0 if and only if $\sumdd=O\bigpar{\sumd}$. This was previously known only under extra assumptions on the maximum degree maxidi. We also give an asymptotic formula for this probability, extending previous results by several authors.
Early social status and the development of life-history strategies in Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon have a variable life cycle. In good growing conditions, underyearling fish may metamorphose into the migratory smolt phase during their second spring, or delay at least a further year. The strategy adopted by particular fish appears to become fixed during their first summer. This paper examines whether either feeding efficiency or dominance in mid-summer correlates with the life-history strategy adopted. Eighty fish were individually marked and their feeding efficiency ( = mean handling time for food items) and dominance rank measured under laboratory conditions in mid-July. Growth rates of the fish were then monitored over the next three months, until developmental strategies became apparent. Discriminant and logistic regression analyses revealed that both dominance rank and size attained by July were independent, significant predictors of future developmental pattern (the age at metamorphosis being correctly predicted on the basis of rank and size in 84% of cases) whereas feeding efficiency had no effect. Thus fish that were dominant or larger two months after first feeding or both had a greater probability of migrating after only one year in freshwater than those more subordinate or smaller or both.
Information-based adaptive sensor management for sensor networks

Consider the problem of controlling a network of surveillance sensors that are capable of selecting which areas to observe and which modes to observe these areas. In this paper, we study the problem of controlling the observations of these sensors adaptively in order to classify accurately a collection of objects using information on their observed features. Our proposed approach is modeling objects as templates of 3-D features, and modeling sensors as observing features of individual objects, subject to degradation by noise, obscuration, missed detections and background clutter. We exploit a statistical framework based on random sets similar to those used in multi target tracking to model the statistical relationship between observed features and object types to compute information theoretic estimates of the probability of error in classification. We present a novel approach for computation of these distances between distributions of random sets using k-best assignment algorithms. These estimates are combined with real time information to generate predictions of the information value of individual measurements for sensor management. Using these predictions, we develop assignment algorithms to compute sensor management strategies to minimize this bound. The resulting sensor management algorithms are capable of solving problems involving a large numbers of objects in real-time. We show simulations of the resulting algorithms for classifying 3 dimensional objects from 2-dimensional noisy projections that illustrate how the algorithms select complementary views to overcome obscuration and provide accurate classification. Our results show that our information-based sensor management algorithms achieve comparable classification accuracy to adaptive simulation-based approaches that evaluate the value of information, while requiring nearly five orders of magnitude less computation.
Exact solutions for radial deformations of a functionally graded isotropic and incompressible second-order elastic cylinder

We find closed-form solutions for axisymmetric plane strain deformations of a functionally graded circular cylinder comprised of an isotropic and incompressible second-order elastic material with moduli varying only in the radial direction. Cylinder’s inner and outer surfaces are loaded by hydrostatic pressures. These solutions are specialized to cases where only one of the two surfaces is loaded. It is found that for a linear throughthe-thickness variation of the elastic moduli, the hoop stress for the first-order solution (or in a cylinder comprised of a linear elastic material) is a constant but that for the second-order solution varies through the thickness. The radial displacement, the radial stress and the hoop stress do not depend upon the second-order elastic constant but the hydrostatic pressure and hence the axial stress depends upon it. When the two elastic moduli vary as the radius raised to the power two or four, the radial and the hoop stresses in an infinite space with a pressurized cylindrical cavity equal the pressure in the cavity. For an affine variation of the elastic moduli, the hoop stress in an internally loaded cylinder made of a linear elastic isotropic and incompressible material at the point R = RinRou is the same as that in a homogeneous cylinder. Here Rin and Rou equal, respectively, the inner and the outer radius of the undeformed cylinder and R the radial coordinate of a point in the unstressed reference configuration. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Passive microwave receive filter networks using low-Q resonators

In this article, it has been shown that under certain circumstances, i.e., in a receiver, it is possible to allow microwave filters to have significant passband insertion loss. Systems analysis of various receiver configurations shows that acceptable noise figures and intercept points may be obtained in receivers containing lossy filters, i.e., ones with low-Q resonators. Thus, the engineering problem is how to develop design techniques for filters that have low-Q resonators, but with acceptable response in terms of selectivity and pass-band flatness. A review of several techniques for bandpass and bandstop filters is presented.
A Lexical Resource of Hebrew Verb-Noun Multi-Word Expressions

A verb-noun Multi-Word Expression (MWE) is a combination of a verb and a noun with or without other words, in which the combination has a meaning different from the meaning of the words considered separately. In this paper, we present a new lexical resource of Hebrew Verb-Noun MWEs (VN-MWEs). The VN-MWEs of this resource were manually collected and annotated from five different web resources. In addition, we analyze the lexical properties of Hebrew VN-MWEs by classifying them to three types: morphological, syntactic, and semantic. These two contributions are essential for designing algorithms for automatic VN-MWEs extraction. The analysis suggests some interesting features of VN-MWEs for exploration. The lexical resource enables to sample a set of positive examples for Hebrew VN-MWEs. This set of examples can either be used for training supervised algorithms or as seeds in unsupervised bootstrapping algorithms. Thus, this resource is a first step towards automatic identification of Hebrew VN-MWEs, which is important for natural language understanding, generation and translation systems.
Breast Cancer Metastasis: Role of Tumor Microenvironment and Resident Macropahges

Metastatic breast cancer is a stage of breast cancer wherever the disease has spread to distant parts of the body. Onset of metastasis is one of the biggest obstacles to the successful treatment of cancer. The potential of a tumor cell to metastasize profoundly depends on its microenvironment, or “niche” interactions with local components. Macrophages provide tropic support to tumors. Resident macrophages contribute a set of common functions, including their capability to defend against microbial infections, to maintain normal cell turnover and tissue remodelling, and to help repair sites of injury. Macrophages are recruited into the tumor microenvironment where they differentiate to become Tumor-associated-macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are the most abundant subpopulation of tumor-stroma and actively drive cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Cancer metastasis is not solely regulated by the deregulation of metastasis promoting or suppressing genes in cancer cells. Recently the interaction between the stromal cells and cancer cells has been demonstrated to promote cancer metastasis. TAMs can advocate epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. Loss of e-cadherin, a major phenomenon of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), reduces adhesiveness and releases cancer cells to distant (secondary) sites. A positive correlation between tumor progression and the expression of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs) in tumor tissues has been demonstrated in numerous human and animal studies. The dynamic interactions of cancer-cells with TAMs actively promote invasion-metastasis cascade through intercellular-signalling-networks that need better elucidation.
Increased susceptibility to drought-induced mortality in Sequoia sempervirens (Cupressaceae) trees under Cenozoic atmospheric carbon dioxide starvation.

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Climate-induced forest retreat has profound ecological and biogeochemical impacts, but the physiological mechanisms underlying past tree mortality are poorly understood, limiting prediction of vegetation shifts with climate variation. Climate, drought, fire, and grazing represent agents of tree mortality during the late Cenozoic, but the interaction between drought and declining atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]a) from high to near-starvation levels ∼34 million years (Ma) ago has been overlooked. Here, this interaction frames our investigation of sapling mortality through the interdependence of hydraulic function, carbon limitation, and defense metabolism. • METHODS We recreated a changing Cenozoic [CO2]a regime by growing Sequoia sempervirens trees within climate-controlled growth chambers at 1500, 500, or 200 ppm [CO2]a, capturing the decline toward minimum concentrations from 34 Ma. After 7 months, we imposed drought conditions and measured key physiological components linking carbon utilization, hydraulics, and defense metabolism as hypothesized interdependent mechanisms of tree mortality. • KEY RESULTS Catastrophic failure of hydraulic conductivity, carbohydrate starvation, and tree death occurred at 200 ppm, but not 500 or 1500 ppm [CO2]a. Furthermore, declining [CO2]a reduced investment in carbon-rich foliar defense compounds that would diminish resistance to biotic attack, likely exacerbating mortality. • CONCLUSIONS Low-[CO2]a-driven tree mortality under drought is consistent with Pleistocene pollen records charting repeated Californian Sequoia forest contraction during glacial periods (180-200 ppm [CO2]a) and may even have contributed to forest retreat as grasslands expanded on multiple continents under low [CO2]a over the past 10 Ma. In this way, geologic intervals of low [CO2]a coupled with drought could impose a demographic bottleneck in tree recruitment, driving vegetation shifts through forest mortality.
Behavioral Mixer Model for Rapid System Simulation of a 77GHz FMCW-Radar Transceiver

An advanced behavioral model of a 77 GHz SiGe Gilbert-type double balanced mixer is proposed, which is able to accurately model conversion gain compression and noise figure compression due to LO-power drop. The model is for use in system simulation of direct conversion automotive FMCW-radar transceivers. Model parameters can be easily extracted from 77 GHz measurement data. The model has been validated with measurement data and circuit level simulations and can be implemented in commercial simulators.
4-8-2013 PENALIZED FUNCTION-ON-FUNCTION REGRESSION

We propose a general framework for smooth regression of a functional response on one or multiple functional predictors. Using the mixed model representation of penalized regression expands the scope of function on function regression to many realistic scenarios. In particular, the approach can accommodate a densely or sparsely sampled functional response as well as multiple functional predictors that are observed: 1) on the same or different domains than the functional response; 2) on a dense or sparse grid; and 3) with or without noise. It also allows for seamless integration of continuous or categorical covariates and provides approximate confidence intervals as a by-product of the mixed model inference. The proposed methods are accompanied by easy to use and robust software implemented in the pffr function of the R package refund. Methodological developments are general, but were inspired by and applied to a Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) brain tractography dataset.
Prognostic utility of CCP score in men with prostate cancer after primary external beam radiation therapy.

47 Background: Accurate risk stratification improves decision making in localized prostate cancer. The CCP score, a prognostic RNA signature based on the average expression level of 31 cell cycle progression (CCP) genes, was developed to aid in this task. Previously, the CCP score was shown to be predictive of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after prostatectomy, and prostate cancer specific mortality in men undergoing observation. However, the value of CCP score in men undergoing primary electron beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was untested. METHODS The CCP score was derived retrospectively from the diagnostic biopsy of 141 patients treated with EBRT at the Durham VA medical Center. Inclusion criteria were disease diagnosis from 1991 to 2006 and available biopsy tissue. Approximately half of the cohort was African-American. Outcome was time from EBRT to BCR using Phoenix definition, and median follow-up for patients without BCR was 4.8 years. Association with outcome was evaluated by CoxPH survival analysis and likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS Patient data were censored at 5-years of follow-up and 19 patients (13%) had BCR. The median CCP score was 0.12(IQR -0.43 to 0.66). In univariable analysis, CCP score was a significant prognostic variable (p-value = 0.0017). The hazard ratio (HR) for BCR was 2.55 (95% CI (1.43, 4.55)) for a one-unit increase in CCP score (equivalent to a doubling of gene expression). In a predefined multivariable analysis that included Gleason score, PSA, and percent positive cores, the HR for CCP changed only marginally and remained significant (HR per CCP unit 2.09 (95% CI (1.05, 4.18), p-value = 0.035), indicating that CCP provides prognostic information that is not provided by standard clinical parameters. Further adjustment for hormonal therapy or radiation dose did not materially alter this association. The score was also associated with prostate cancer specific mortality. There was no evidence for interaction between CCP and any clinical variable, including ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of men treated with EBRT, the CCP score was significantly associated with outcome and provided prognostic information beyond what was available from clinical parameters. If validated in a larger cohort, CCP score could be used to select high-risk men undergoing EBRT who may need combination therapy for their clinically localized prostate cancer.