Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ULTRAVIOLET SUNSCREENS IN GYMNODINIUM SANGUINEUM (DINOPHYCEAE): MYCOSPORINE‐LIKE AMINO ACIDS PROTECT AGAINST INHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Marine phytoplankton are sensitive to inhibition of photosynthesis by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, although sensitivity varies, depending on the growth environment. A mechanism suggested to increase resistance to UV inhibition is the accumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds, such as the mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) found in many marine organisms. However, the effectiveness of these compounds as direct optical screens in microorganisms has remained unclear. The red‐tide dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sanguineum Hirasaka accumulates about 14‐fold more MAAs (per unit of chlorophyll) in high (76 W·m−2) than in low (15 W·m−2) growth irradiance. Biological weighting functions were estimated for UV inhibition of photosynthesis and showed that the high‐light‐grown cultures have lower sensitivity to UV radiation at wavelengths strongly absorbed by the MAAs. The time course of photosynthesis during exposure to UV radiation was measured using pulsed amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry and displayed a steady‐state level after 15 min of exposure, indicating active repair of damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Repair was blocked in the presence of the antibiotic streptomycin, yet high‐light G. sanguineum remained less sensitive to UV radiation than did low‐light cultures. These experiments show that MAAs act as spectrally specific UV sunscreens in phytoplankton.
The Enjoyment of Physical Activity Determines Body Mass Index in Young People with Physical Disabilities

Objective: This study aimed to 1) compare the body mass index (BMI) and patterns of out-of-school activity participation in young people with and without physical disabilities, and 2) examine the relationship between BMI and the activity participation patterns among young people with physical disabilities. Methods: Thirty-nine young persons with physical disabilities (mean age ± standard deviation: 18.79 ± 1.99 years) and 70 healthy individuals (mean age ± standard deviation: 18.64 ± 0.74 years) participated in the study. The diversity, intensity, companionship, location and enjoyment of participation in activities were evaluated using the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) scale. Body height and weight were obtained and BMI was calculated. Results: People with physical disabilities, regardless of their gender, had significantly lower CAPE-derived scores in almost all types of activity than the control participants (p
Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose: Different Aspects in Drug Delivery

Among the various research works going on nowadays, designing of controlled release dosage form is of great importance. For the development of suitable controlled release dosage form, a proper matrix needs to be formed from which the drug release generally occur by polymer swelling, polymer erosion, drug dissolution/diffusion mechanism. HPMC (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose), also known as hypromellose, is one of the best known cellulosic polymers used in the development of controlled released drug delivery. It is available in various grades. Cellulosic polymers are ingredients that contain units linked together which help to retain water. Due to its high water absorptive capacity, it acts as an excellent hydrophilic gel forming polymer. HPMC generally hydrates on the outer surface to form a gelatinous layer which is critical to prevent wetting and rapid drug release from the matrices. If the drug is sparingly soluble in the system, the release of drug from the system is slow and helps in formulation of controlled release dosage form. In the ophthalmic dosage form, HPMC is used as a matrix that swells and expands after absorbing water and expand the thickness of the tear film.
Low-Noise High-Accuracy TOF Laser Range Finder

This paper presents a new low-noise high-accuracy laser range finder based on the Time-Of- Flight (TOF) method. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm as a source and a SLIK avalanche photodiode as a detector are used. The optical section of the system including ZnS/MgF2 optical filter, designed by C ++ and Zemax software, has been successfully implemented and tested. The quality factor of the optical filter is obtained about 2.53. Using the 1.5 MW Nd:YAG laser, the lowest detectable optical power is limited to about 8.14 nW. The absolute range finding error in the range of 0.3-20 km is also measured asr= ± 50 cm. Furthermore, the sampling rate of the distance measurement can be adjusted between 1 and 20 samples per second.
Otsu based optimal multilevel image thresholding using firefly algorithm

Histogram based multilevel thresholding approach is proposed using Brownian distribution (BD) guided firefly algorithm (FA). A bounded search technique is also presented to improve the optimization accuracy with lesser search iterations. Otsu's between-class variance function is maximized to obtain optimal threshold level for gray scale images. The performances of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated by considering twelve benchmark images and are compared with the existing FA algorithms such as Levy flight (LF) guided FA and random operator guided FA. The performance assessment comparison between the proposed and existing firefly algorithms is carried using prevailing parameters such as objective function, standard deviation, peak-to-signal ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM) index, and search time of CPU. The results show that BD guided FA provides better objective function, PSNR, and SSIM, whereas LF based FA provides faster convergence with relatively lower CPU time.
Evaluation of the ERP Implementation at Esfahan Steel Company Based on Five Critical Success Factors: A Case Study

ERP implementation had always been a complicated process, but it seems it is difficult for business and companies to overlook of assets of these information systems. Iran is a developing country and tries to improve its economy and compete with other economies. Studying ERP implementation in such country which has not had noticeable experiences in this area can be interesting for developers, vendors and other similar cases in developing countries. In this research we will investigate ERP implementation in first Iranian pioneer company that implemented and used this system. Our evaluation will be base on CSFs (Critical Success Factor) which cited as index for success of ERP implementation in others researches.
Potential Benefit of Uric Acid for Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute IschemicStroke

Alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) is the only licensed drug for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment, but only 3–5% of patients with AIS receive thrombolytic treatment using alteplase. Further breakthroughs are needed for thrombolysis in AIS because thrombolytic therapy does not benefit all patients equally. Alteplase administration can induce intracerebral hemorrhage or a low rate of recanalization for occlusion of major cerebral arteries (e.g., internal carotid artery). Recently, the effect of alteplase–uric acid (UA) combination therapy was demonstrated in a clinical trial of AIS patients. UA administration resulted in a significant improvement in functional outcome in patients with hyperglycemia, female patients, and patients who had suffered a moderate stroke. Oxidative stress and antioxidant properties would be differ in each AIS patients after reperfusion. Therefore, the optimal dose of UA may vary according to sex, age, body weight, ethnicity and medical history (e.g., diabetes mellitus). Hence, various study arms may be needed in future, large clinical trials. In the future, if levels of oxidative stress or antioxidant properties can be determined rapidly in AIS patients before treatment, the optimal dose of antioxidant may be ascertained.
A Comparative Study on Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Potential against Key Enzymes Related to Type 2 Diabetes of Four Typical Teas

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is categorized into four types depending on the degree of fermentation, which in turn affects the physicochemical properties of tea. In this work, aqueous extracts of four typical teas, named green tea, oolong tea, black tea and puerh tea, were obtained, and their chemical compositions and bioactivities including antioxidant activity and inhibition on α-amylase and α-glycosidase were compared. It was found oolong and green tea not only possessed stronger antioxidant ability in assays of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, but also had more power on inhibition on α-amylase and α-glycosidase. Pearson correlation analysis showed tea polyphenols and catechins had significant positive correlations on α-amylase inhibition. However, caffeine was observed to have a significant negative effect on α-glycosidase inhibition. These results indicated teas with no or slight fermentation (decaffeinated was better), were suitable for diabetes.
CUSTOMER COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT

The study of the purchase/adoption behaviours on the products/services has seen the overcoming of the operating structure of the Customer Relationship Management (CRM). For the companies/agencies/institutions this study means a renewed attention to search new occasions to improve the economic performances. This paper proposes to use some methodologies of data analysis in order to make the three driver of the Customer Communication Management (CCM) measurable. We will refer especially to the customer communication management in pharmaceutical industry proposing techniques as the factorial analysis, the textual analysis and the shift-share analysis.
Experiments with methods to reduce attrition in longitudinal surveys

Summary. We report findings from two large‐scale randomized experiments, carried out on the British Household Panel Survey, with survey features designed to reduce sample attrition. The first experiment compares strategies for obtaining updated contact information from sample members. We find that the propensity to locate a sample member at wave t successfully is maximized by a between‐wave mailing of a change‐of‐address card, rather than an address confirmation card or no card. The second experiment compares standardized and tailored respondent reports for young people and busy people. We find that tailored reports have a modest positive effect on rates of co‐operation for both groups, though the effect for busy people depends on providing the option of a shorter telephone interview instead of the full face‐to‐face interview.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus strains isolated from meat products sold in Abidjan streets (Ivory Coast)

isolated from meat product sold in streets in Abidjan (Ivory Coast). Two hundred and forty (240) samples from three kind of meat product (beef, pork and chickens) were collected in four popular communes (Abobo, Adjame, Treichville and Yopougon) of Abidjan. These samples were composed of 80 samples of each kind of meat. After seeding on appropriate medium, suspected
The initial Gaia source list

Aims. We describe the production of the Initial Gaia Source List (IGSL) used both as the starting point for observation-matching in the Gaia data processing and as a comparison catalog to trigger early science alerts. Methods. The IGSL was compiled from large scale public catalogs and a few specific catalogs provided by the Gaia Consortium. For all entries, a Gaia G magnitude is estimated and all objects with a G < 21.0 were included. Results. The catalog has 1222598530 entries with the J2000 ICRF positions, proper motions, classification (star/non-star), and estimates of the Gaia G, Gaia Grvs, Guide Star Catalog red (RF) and blue (BJ) magnitudes. It is available from the Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg.
Education as a Condition for Social Well-being of Human

This article touches upon the idea of new educational models which are a guarantee of social well-being. We argue that a classical model of university should necessarily go through a series of changes due to many objective reasons. Contemporary epistemology is symbolizing renaissance. Nowadays knowledge is transformed into information. Hence, information may be interpreted as that, what changes us or as past experience. We bring to the attention different educational models such as: a model of world-class university, an elitist model, a mass model, a two-level model, a networking model, a university of the third age. University is more and more involved in solution of many problems of modern world such as, training of specialists, social elite education, and provision of universal level of education. We also argue that the key task of educational process now is pragmatic values formation instead of the development of inner world of a person through educational process. There are new criteria for understanding the level of developing society. We put particular emphasis and consider the educational model of lifelong learning as one that gives the opportunity to students of different ages to study in various fields of science. This is unlimited research process the sense of which is to find truth, discover new form of knowledge during whole life-time. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy. org.uk
Safe Navigation in Urban Environments

Advancements in mobile technology and computing have fostered the collection of a large number of civic datasets that capture the pulse of urban life. Furthermore, the open government and data initiative has led many local authorities to make these datasets pub- licly available, hoping to drive innovation that will further improve the quality of life for the city-dwellers. In this paper, we develop a novel application that utilizes crime data to provide safe urban nav- igation. Specifically, using crime data from Chicago and Philadel- phia we develop a risk model for their street urban network which allows us to estimate the relative probability of a crime on any road segment. Given such model we define two variants of the SAFEPATHS problem where the goal is to find a short and low-risk path between a source and a destination locations. Since both the length and the risk of the path are equally important but cannot be combined into a single objective, we approach the urban-navigation problem as a biobjective shortest path problem. Our algorithms aim to output a small set of paths that provide tradeoffs between dis- tance and safety. Our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithms and their practical applicability.
Hedgehogs are not colour blind

We exhibit a family of $3$-uniform hypergraphs with the property that their $2$-colour Ramsey numbers grow polynomially in the number of vertices, while their $4$-colour Ramsey numbers grow exponentially. This is the first example of a class of hypergraphs whose Ramsey numbers show a strong dependence on the number of colours.
Climate and population density induce long‐term cohort variation in a northern ungulate

Summary 1. Density-dependent and climatic conditions experienced by individuals before and after birth differ considerably between cohorts. Such early environmental variability has the potential to create persistent fitness differences among cohorts. Here we test the hypothesis that conditions experienced by individuals in their early development will have long-term effects on their life history traits. 2. We approached this by analysing and contrasting the effects of climate (the North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) and population density at year of birth on cohort birth weight, birth date, litter size, age of maturity, survival and fecundity of Soay sheep, Ovies aries L. , ewes in the population on the island of Hirta, St Kilda, Scotland. 3. Significant intercohort variations were found in life history traits. Cohorts born after warm, wet and windy (high NAO) winters were lighter at birth, born earlier, less likely to have a twin and matured later than cohorts born following cold and dry (low NAO) winters. High population densities in the winter preceding birth also had a negative effect on birth weight, birth date and litter size, whereas high postnatal densities delayed age of first reproduction. 4. High NAO winters preceding birth depressed juvenile survival but increased adult survival and fecundity. The negative influence of high NAO winters on juvenile survival is likely to be related to mothers’ compromised physical condition while the cohort is in utero , whereas the positive influence on adult survival and fecundity may relate to the improved postnatal forage conditions following high NAO winters. High preand postnatal population densities decreased juvenile (neonatal, yearling) and adult (2‐4 years) survivorship but had no significant effect fecundity.
Benthic Invertebrate Fauna and Feeding Relationships of Brown Trout, Salmo trutta Linnaeus, and River Blackfish, Gadopsis marmoratus Richardson, in the Aberfeldy River, Victoria

The benthic invertebrate fauna and the stomachs of brown trout and river blackfish in a section of the Aberfeldy River, Victoria, were sampled regularly from October 1971 to November 1972. The ranges of food organisms utilized by the two species were very similar as were the proportions of the different food categories. Kendall rank correlation coefficients indicated that the diets of the two fishes were similar on all but the July sampling date. Due to apparent differences in habitat prefer- ences this similarity in diets may be regarded as giving rise to indirect competition.
Introduction Making sense of the state: a political economy approach

Law and the State provides a political economy analysis of the legal functioning of a democratic state, illustrating how it builds on informational and legal constraints. It explains, in an organised and thematic fashion, how competitive information enhances democracy while strategic information endangers it, and discusses how legal constraints stress the dilemma of independence versus discretion for judges as well as the elusive role of administrators and experts.
Critical review of literature on ethnicity and health in relation to cancer and palliative care in the United Kingdom

This article reviews 31 articles on ethnicity and cancer/palliative care that were identified during the course of a broader study that aimed to comprehensively review UK research literature on ‘race’, ethnicity and health published between 2000 and 2005. It considers: epidemiology of cancer in black and minority ethnic (BME) communities in the UK; risks and awareness; screening; and palliative and end-of-life care. Overall, the research studies we reviewed were limited with respect to one or all of: the range of cancers considered, population/sample, geographical area studied, and the meanings and experiences of cancer for patients and their families/ carers. Cancer has been relatively less prevalent among the UK’s BME communities than in the general population. However, changes in the incidence and pattern of cancer amongBMEcommunities in the UK suggest the need for further research into risk factors as well as the views of service users and providers in order to enhance health promotion and access to appropriate services.
A sampling method for estimating sporocarps production of wild edible mushrooms of social and economic interest

This study introduces a new approach to determine and assess total mushroom production as well as to partitioning off this gross production into: non-harvested unripe production; non-harvested ripe production; harvested production; production eaten by fauna; and damaged production. Nine 300 m-long transects were established in the studied area. The sampling method was carried out in 2004, 2005 and 2006, but 2006 was the most productive year. In this year, a production of 5.37 kg/ha was estimated for Boletus edulis in 2006 of which 24% of Boletus edulis gross production was harvested, 26% was damaged and 15% was recorded as ripe production. The distribution of the gross production by classes permits knowing essential aspects regarding edible mushrooms management including which pressure is undergoing the fungal resource (due to harvesting or grazing), quantity and quality of the production or whether the species regeneration is guaranteed at any moment. This information allows us to ascertain the fungal resources conservation state and undertake a management and regulatory process for edible mushrooms in the sampled areas.
Flatland, Curved Space: How M.C. Escher Illustrated the History of Geometry

M. C. Escher's work Circle Limit III is a graphic representation of one of Henri Poincare's relative consistency proofs for hyperbolic geometry. Poincare, an opponent of the modem conception of mathematical truth, used this proof as the center point of an argument defending the competing view of mathematical truth put forward by Immanuel Kant against the charge that it is compietely undermined by the existence of non-Euclidean geometries. This defense led Poincare to limit the scope of geometry to spaces of constant curvature. This limitation was challenged by Hans Reichenbach who generalizes Poincare's argument. This generalization, pictured in Escher's work Balcony, however, uses Poincare's argument to support the modem view of mathematical truth that it was initially designed to attack.
The relevance of pecking order theory to friend and family financing

This research investigates the relevance of Pecking Order Theory in the case where capital is sourced through investment by family and friends (F&F) in new venture start-ups. Entrepreneurs typically finance new ventures through self-financing, loans, bootstrapping, and equity investment. About US$196 billion annually is sourced from F&F investors (Bygrave, Hay, & Reynolds 2003). Firms utilize different forms of finance at different lifecycle stages. Pecking Order Theory has been used to explain how entrepreneurs choose the type and source of their finance at different stages. Contemporary research into early stage equity finance primarily used capital structure theories when examining informal business angel and formal venture capital (VC) investors. F&F finance research using Pecking Order Theory, however, is scant. AGSE 2010
BLAST VIBRATION MODELING USING LINEAR SUPERPOSITION METHOD

A linear superposition method was used for modeling the time history of the production blast vibrations and optimizing the blast sequence to reduce vibration levels in Sar-Cheshmeh copper mine, Kerman, Iran. A single-hole blast for modeling and two double-hole blasts with time delays of 25 and 65 ms between two holes for modeling validation were carried out. The generated vibrations were measured at seven points with different distances and directions around the blasts. These records contain information about the complex mechanism of seismic energy radiation from an explosive source as well as the filtering effect of the signal travel path. Totally, 40 seismograms were synthesized (3 components for each point) for two blasts using the linear superposition method. The results obtained presented a good correlation between the synthetic and measured seismograms. Also, a comparison was made between the measured peak particle velocities (PPVs) and those obtained from the scaled-distance method and linear superposition modeling. This shows the merits of linear superposition modeling to predict PPVs. Moreover, the recorded seismograms of the single-hole blast were used to simulate the vibrations produced by a production blast at seven points. Furthermore, by using a systematic variation of firing delay in the modeling procedure, the effect of delay on the production blast vibrations was studied. The production blast simulations showed that for Sar-Cheshmeh copper mine, the blasts carried out with the inter-row delays more than 40 ms can significantly reduce vibration levels.