Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical instruments and conceptual definitions: theoretical and practical implications of the change on the definition of unemployment in Colombia

On June 2000 the Colombian National Department of Statistics (DANE) adopted a new definition to measure unemployment following standards suggested by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). The change of definition implied a reduction of the unemployment rate of about two percentual points. In this document we contrast the Colombian experience with another international experiences, and analyse the empirical and theoretical implications of this change of definition using two different kind of quantitative estimations: in the first one we contrast the main features of the different categories classified according to the old and new definition of unemployment (employed, unemployed and out of the labour force) using the EM algorithm; in the second one we test the implications of the ILO definition in terms of time expended on job-searching. We find empirical implications about structural unemployment and its relationship with the educational profile of unemployed people, and theoretical features that challenge the standards of the ILO’s unemployment definition. ************************************************************************ En junio de 2000 el Departamento Nacional de Estadistica de Colombia adopto una nueva definicion de medicion de desempleo siguiendo los estandares sugeridos por la organizacion Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). El cambio de definicion implico una reduccion de la tasa de desempleo en cerca de dos puntos porcentuales. En este documento contrastamos la experiencia colombiana con otra experiencias internacionales, y analizamos las implicaciones empiricas y teoricas de este cambio de definicion usando dos tipos de estimaciones cuantitativas: en la primera se contrasta las principales caracteristicas de las diferentes categorias clasificadas segun la definicion nueva y vieja de desempleo (empleado, desempleado y fuera de la fuerza laboral) usando el algoritmo EM; en la segunda se pone a prueba la implicacion del desempleo estructural y su relacion con el perfil educacional de personas desempleadas y las caracteristicas teoricas que enfrentan los estandares de la OIT en la definicion de empleo.
Application of FUN3D and CFL3D to the Third Workshop on CFD Uncertainty Analysis

Two Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computer codes - one unstructured and one structured - are applied to two workshop cases (for the 3rd Workshop on CFD Uncertainty Analysis, held at Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, in October 2008) for the purpose of uncertainty analysis. The Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is employed. The first case uses the method of manufactured solution and is intended as a verification case. In other words, the CFD solution is expected to approach the exact solution as the grid is refined. The second case is a validation case (comparison against experiment), for which modeling errors inherent in the turbulence model and errors/uncertainty in the experiment may prevent close agreement. The results from the two computer codes are also compared. This exercise verifies that the codes are consistent both with the exact manufactured solution and with each other. In terms of order property, both codes behave as expected for the manufactured solution. For the backward facing step, CFD uncertainty on the finest grid is computed and is generally very low for both codes (whose results are nearly identical). Agreement with experiment is good at some locations for particular variables, but there are also many areas where the CFD and experimental uncertainties do not overlap.
Articulation entre activités formelles et activités semi-formelles dans le développement de logiciels. (Articulation between definite and semi-definite activities in software development)

Le developpement de specifications formelles correctes pour des systemes et logiciels commence par l’analyse et la comprehension des besoins du client. Entre ces besoins decrits en langage naturel et leur specification definie dans un langage formel precis, un ecart existe et rend la tâche de developpement de plus en plus difficile a accomplir. Nous sommes face a deux mondes distincts. Ce travail de these a pour objectif d’expliciter et d’etablir des interactions entre ces deux mondes et de les faire evoluer en meme temps. Par interaction, nous designons les liens, les echanges et les activites se deroulant entre les differents documents. Parmi ces activites, nous presentons la validation comme un processus rigoureux qui demarre des l’analyse des besoins et continue tout au long de l’elaboration de leur specification formelle. Au fur et a mesure du developpement, des choix sont effectues et les retours des outils de verification et de validation permettent de detecter des lacunes aussi bien dans les besoins que dans la specification. L’evolution des deux mondes est decrite via l’introduction d’un nouveau besoin dans un systeme existant et a travers l’application de patrons de developpement. Ces patrons gerent a la fois les besoins et la specification formelle associee ; ils sont elabores a partir de la description de la forme des besoins. Ils facilitent la tâche de developpement et aident a eviter les risques d’oublis. Quel que soit le choix, des questions se posent tout au long du developpement et permettent de deceler des lacunes, oublis ou ambiguites dans l’existant.
Measured Data Verification of Energy Consumption in a Green Building for Building Energy Simulation Software eQUEST Model

According to the subentry statistic of a green building in Chongqing, the building energy consumption simulation model is established by eQUEST software, comparing the measured data and simulated data, analyzing the cause of the error, and the checked model simulation data error achieves the requirements of relevant standards. Through the verification of the model, data checking model can make more accurate prediction on the energy consumption of buildings. Some methods for checking model are summarized as reference for subsequent energy simulation.
Recent Development in the Search for Effective Antidepressants Using Traditional Chinese Medicine

Depressive disorder is a common illness that affects millions of people worldwide and the patients often suffer from symptoms such as depressed mood, sleep disturbances, and suicidal ideation. Since the approval of fluoxetine in the United States nearly 20 years ago, the annual prescription of antidepressants has increased rapidly. However, despite the increasing number of new antidepressants introduced to the clinic, the quality of treatment still remains poor due to the delayed response or low efficacy often associated with these synthetic antidepressants. Thus, there have been a growing number of patients turning to alternative medicine treatments for a more effective cure. To date, one of the most frequently used and well-studied herbal preparation for mild and moderate depression is the extract of St Johns wort. However, recent report has indicated that drug interaction of this herb with other antidepressants may result in severe clinical consequences. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of use in China with a proven record of high efficacy and low toxicity. It is also an excellent source of diverse and complex chemicals that possess a wide variety of biological activities. In recent years, TCM has received growing attention as an alternative or adjuvant therapy to Western medicine treatments and a large volume of efforts have been directed towards the identification of potential antidepressive phytomedicine from TCM. Potential TCM-derived therapeutics including herbal formulations, extracts, and individual active constituents have been evaluated with behavioral animal models and clinical studies. This article will review the recent development in the search for effective antidepressive therapeutics using TCM. Literatures published in Chinese will also be reviewed to include the recent advances in this area. Moreover, our group has been using a knowledge-based approach to identify active ingredients for the treatment of neurological disorders. The workflow of our approach will also be discussed.
Pengaruh Intensitas Penggunaan Layanan Mobile Payment terhadap Spending Behavior

Mobile Payment is a payment instrument that uses digital devices which is one of the business innovations. Technological developments, especially in the financial sector, tend to lead the consumer behavior become control by their expenditure. This study aims to prove the effect of Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Credibility, and Social Influence on Spending Behavior through behavioral intention using mobile payment services as a mediating variable. Respondents in this study are millennials who live in Surabaya. The type of research used is associative and the type of research is primary data. Data is collected through distributing questionnaires through Google Form. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square method using the SmartPLS software. The findings in this study indicate that changes in respondents spending behavior in Surabaya were influenced by intensity of the use of mobile payment services. Mobile payment services users need to always control the use of mobile payments in order to avoid overspending problems which can result in a loss of opportunity for investment for the future. Limitation of this study is that respondents involved only from millennial generation. For further research can add variables that affect the usage of mobile payment use and add respondents from another generation.
Onto.PT: Towards the Automatic Construction of a Lexical Ontology for Portuguese

The existence of a broad-coverage lexical-semantic knowledge base has a positive impact on the computational processing of its target language. This is the case of Princeton WordNet, for English, which has been used in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. WordNet is, however, created manually by experts. So, despite ensuring highly reliable contents, its creation is expensive, timeconsuming and has negative consequences on the resource coverage and growth. For Portuguese, there are several lexical-semantic knowledge bases, but none of them is as successful as WordNet is for English. Moreover, all of them have limitations, that go from not handling ambiguity at the word level and having limited coverage (e.g. only nouns, or synonymy relations) to availability restrictions. Having this in mind, we have set the final goal of this research to the automatic construction of Onto.PT, a lexical ontology for Portuguese, structured in a similar fashion to WordNet. Onto.PT contains synsets – groups of synonymous words which are lexicalisations of a concept – and semantic relations, held between synsets. For this purpose, we took advantage of information extraction techniques and focused on the development of computational tools for the acquisition and organisation of lexical-semantic knowledge from text. Our work starts by exploring textual sources for the extraction of relations, connecting lexical items according to their possible senses. Dictionaries were our first choice, because they are structured in words and meanings, and cover a large part of the lexicon. But, as natural language is ambiguous, a lexical item, identified by its orthographical form, is sometimes not enough to denote a concept. Therefore, in a second step, we use a synset-based thesaurus for Portuguese as a starting point. The synsets of this thesaurus are augmented with new synonyms acquired in the first step, and new synsets are discovered from the remaining synonymy relations, after the identification of word clusters. In the last step, the whole set of extracted relations is exploited for attaching the arguments of the non-synonymy relations to the most suitable synsets available. In this thesis, we describe each of the aforementioned steps and present the results they produce for Portuguese, together with their evaluation. Each step is a contribution to the automatic creation and enrichment of lexical-semantic knowledge bases, and results in a new resource, namely: a lexical network; a fuzzy and a simple thesaurus; and Onto.PT, a wordnet-like lexical ontology. An overview of the current version of Onto.PT is also provided, together with some scenarios where it may be useful. This resource, which can be further augmented, is freely available for download and can be used in a wide range of NLP tasks for Portuguese, as WordNet is for English. Despite the current limitations of an automatic creation approach, we believe that Onto.PT will contribute for advancing the state-of-the-art of the computational processing of Portuguese.
The Thesaurus: A Historical Viewpoint, with a Look to the Future

SUMMARY After a period of experiment and evolution in the 1950s and 1960s, a fairly standard format for thesauri was established with the publication of the influential Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms (TEST) in 1967. This and other early thesauri relied primarily on the presentation of terms in alphabetical order. The value of a classified presentation was subsequently realised, and in particular, the technique of facet analysis has profoundly influenced thesaurus evolution. Thesaurofacet and the Art & Architecture Thesaurus have acted as models for two distinct breeds of thesaurus using faceted displays of terms. As of the 1990s, the expansion of end-user access to vast networked resources is imposing further requirements on the style and structure of controlled vocabularies. The international standards for thesauri, first conceived in a print-based era, are badly in need of updating. Work is in hand in the UK and the USA to revise and develop standards in support of electronic thesauri.
Le concept de perturbation endocrinienne et la santé humaine

Les perturbateurs endocriniens (PE) ont ete definis soit comme etant des substances etrangeres a l’organisme qui induisent des effets deleteres sur cet organisme ou sur sa descendance en raison d’une alteration de la fonction endocrine, soit comme etant des agents exogenes qui interferent avec la production, la liberation, le transport, le metabolisme, la liaison, l’action ou l’elimination des ligands naturels responsables du maintien de l’homeostasie et de la regulation du developpement de l’organisme. Ces deux definitions indiquent que les effetsinduits par les PE sont susceptibles de mettre en jeu des mecanismes relevant, a un niveau ou a un autre, de l’homeostasie hormonale. Hormis le lien clairement etabli entre le diethylstilbestrol, les anomalies de la reproduction et les cancers, il y a tres peu de certitudes quant a l’impact des PE sur la sante humaine. En raison du peu de donnees disponibles, l’implication eventuelle des PE dans l’augmentation de l’incidence du cancer du sein, voire de l’endometriose, et de pubertes precoces chez la fillette reste hypothetique. En revanche, la deterioration de la sante reproductive masculine est au centre des preoccupations relevant des relations PE-sante humaine. Cette revue bibliographique vise a faire l’etat des lieux de la question de la perturbation endocrinienne en mettant plus particulierement l’accent sur la problematique des contaminants alimentaires.
The Elderly as Family Caregivers

ABSTRACT The experiences of elderly persons caring for elderly family members at home were examined by means of in-depth interviews with fourty-seven subjects in Montreal and seven in England. The analysis of the Montreal sample revealed that denial of fears and unwillingness to think about the future, as well as negative assessments of cared-for-person's health were more prevalent in women than in men. Women also mentioned more frequently that religious beliefs influenced their caregiving and seemed to feel more strongly the impact and burden caregiving placed on them. Experiences with old people in earlier life was associated with low burden scores; few visitors and a belief that cared-for-person was critical of them were associated with high burden scores. Suggestions for further research and recommendations for supportive services to caregivers are made. RÉSUMÉ Les expériences de personnes âgées qui, à la maison, doivent prendre soin d'autres membres âgés de la famille ont été examinées au moyen d'entrevues en profondeur avec 47 sujets à Montréal et 7 en Angleterre. L'analyse de l'échantillon montréalais a révélé que les femmes sont plus portées que les hommes à nier la peur, à ne pas vouloir envisager l'avenir, et à évaluer négativement l'état de santé de la personne sous leurs soins. Les femmes ont aussi mentionné plus fréquemment que leurs croyances religieuses influencent leur façon de prodiguer les soins et elles semblent ressentir plus intensément l'impact et le poids de la tâche. Alors que le contact antérieur avec des personnes âgées est associé à des scores bas concernant la lourdeur de la tâche, la rareté des visites et le sentiment d'être critiqué par la personne soignée le sont à des scores élevés. On fait des suggestions de recherche et on recommande des services de soutien à l'intention des préposés aux soins.
The key technologies of performance optimization for nanometer routing

Routing plays an important role in VLSI/ULSI physical design. It is useful to develop advanced and efficient routers. The main nano challenge to routing is to perform "rigorous" performance optimization. The shrinking of geometry brings great concerns for chip performance. Interconnect effects cause longer delay. The decreasing of interconnect spacing has made the inter-wire coupling capacitance the dominant part of load capacitance, which causes longer delay and coupling noise (crosstalk). This article discusses the key technologies of performance optimization for nanometer routing. One is the interconnect optimization, which includes delay/noise modeling and interconnect architecture. The other is the performance optimization for all nets routing, which focuses on multi-constraints optimization and multi-level optimization.
Chapter 6: How to best practice evidence-based pharmacy with your available resources?

The aim is to help pharmacists working in different settings to identify, evaluate and use their own evidence-based sources for improving outcome of patient/client care. We describe strategies for assessing your potential sources for evidence-based medicine information, that is, what resources can you use and trust? Dependent on the type of question (selecting medication, route/dose individualisation or follow-up on effects) we help you to navigate among local, national and international information sources from healthcare providers, authorities and commercial sources; from written publications, internet databases, and smartphone Apps. We base our assessment on patient and client cases. In previous chapters we have described the fundamentals of evidence-based medicine and pharmacy practice including asking the right questions, tools for searching literature, calculating effect sizes and appraising the evidence. In this chapter, we aim at helping pharmacists to assess and use evidence applicable for their local practice and environment. But can we trust and use local, regional, national and international guidelines, recommendations and information? We focus on the perspective of selecting, individualising and ensuring follow-up for the best treatment outcomes for a patient (client, customer etc). The aim is to optimise prescribing that is, medication appropriateness. A research tool has been developed for measuring this, the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI). 1 The tool evaluates each drug based on ten items; indication, drug effectiveness, correct dosage, correct directions, practical directions, drug–drug interactions, drug–disease interactions, drug duplication, duration of treatment and expense. Each drug is rated as appropriate (A), marginally appropriate (B) or inappropriate (C) for each of the ten items in the analysis. According to a weighting scheme, a summed MAI score between 0 and 18 can be produced for …
Pseudoespectros de matrices

Es conocida la relaci? n entre los pseudoespectros de una matriz cuadrada simple A y losvalores singulares de la funci? n matricial de dos variables reales x,y(x+yi)In-A, (1)as? como su relaci? n con la distancia de A al conjunto de matrices que tienen a x+yi como valorpropio m? ltiple. A partir de ah? hemos determinado y clasificado los puntos de coalescencia delas fronteras de las componentes conexas de ciertos pseudoespectros. Tambi? n hemosestablecido que en esos puntos el ? ltimo valor singular de la funci? n (1) alcanza un valorextremo o tiene un punto de ensilladura. Asimismo, en esos puntos hemos estudiado lasrelaciones de entrelazamiento con otras funciones de x,y obtenidas maximizando respecto deun par? metro real t un valor singular concreto de ciertas matrices de bloques an? logos a (1) yalgunos dependientes de t. Por otro lado, extendemos los resultados sobre pseudoespectrosalgebraicos y geom? tricos de matrices normales y bidiagonales a pseudoespectros de orden demultiplicidad superior.
Driving simulator validity and driver behavior : results of driving performance in virtual vs natural conditions

Kotilainen, Ilkka Driving Simulator Validity and Driver Behavior: Results of Driving Performance in Virtual vs Natural Conditions Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2014, 106 p. Information Systems, Master’s Thesis Supervisor(s): Kujala, Tuomo; Sallinen, Mikael The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of a fixed-base driving simulator. The study was carried out by comparing novice and experienced drivers’ driving performance results in simulated and natural driving conditions. The relationship of simulated driving to on-road driving was clarified by examining the extent to which the results obtained in the simulated condition explained the inter-individual variability of driving in real traffic. Nine novice and experienced drivers attended the simulated and natural driving conditions. The order of the conditions was counterbalanced among the drivers in both groups. Similar to the natural driving condition, the virtual driving condition consisted of a motorway and city environment. In the natural condition, the quality of driving was assessed by an experienced driving instructor using the same method as in the official driving test. In the virtual driving condition, the driver’s performance was assessed with a number of direct driving performance measures that were defined in a driving scenario specific manner. There were no significant differences between the groups of novice and experienced drivers in the two driving conditions. However, several outcomes of simulated driving correlated with the quality of on-road driving. Also, a multiple linear regression showed that 64% of the inter-individual variability of onroad driving quality was explained by a set of outcomes of simulated driving. Especially, outcomes measured in “turning left” and “merging onto a motorway” scenarios had predictive value in terms of the quality of on-road driving. Of the outcomes of simulated driving, the measures of steering wheel movements and lateral acceleration had the most predictive values. It is discussed whether individual differences in driver behavior would explain the results. Further research is encouraged to gain knowledge on driver behavior mechanisms and driving simulator validity.
Fiction and Non-Fiction Adventures on Tablets: Open Doors and Open Hearts With Picture Books

The goal of this chapter is the development and implementation of a few lesson plans for Primary Education students using multicultural books and a game-based activity to unravel information about a city. It traces the philosophy and rationale related to the rapidly changing field of Information and Communication Technology in Primary Education. The authors reflect on how the use of an iPad by primary teachers motivates students to learn, read and create positive attitudes towards issues of identity, diversity and inclusion. They also share the challenges that they have faced in implementing the process.