Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of conspecific neighbors on the foraging activity levels of the wintering Oriental Storks (Ciconia boyciana): Benefits of social information

Abstract Animals prefer to aggregate in patches with high abundance and availability of food resources. Group foragers typically receive information about food resources by monitoring external events and the behavior of neighbors. The Information Centre Hypothesis proposes that aggregations increase foraging activity levels as a result of social information provided by conspecifics. Increasing the foraging rate has as a result decreasing time devoted to anti‐predator vigilance and may intensify competition among group members. Studies have shown that foraging activities are influenced by factors other than flock size, such as the number and foraging intensity of neighbors. To test these hypotheses, we examined the effect of number and foraging intensity of neighbors on the foraging activity levels (foraging rate, foraging effort, and foraging success rate) of the wintering Oriental Storks (Ciconia boyciana). In this study, we collected focal sampling data on the foraging behavior of storks at Shengjin Lake during winter from 2017 to 2019, controlling the effects of other variables (group identity, wintering years, and wintering periods). We found that foraging activity levels were higher in the presence of foraging neighbors than in their absence. Moreover, individuals adjusted their foraging activity levels according to social information gathered from the behavior of neighboring conspecifics. Focal individuals’ foraging rate and foraging effort were positively correlated with the average foraging rate of neighbors. Their foraging success rate was not influenced by the average foraging rate and foraging success rate of neighbors; however, it was positively correlated with the average foraging effort of neighbors. In conclusion, foraging activity levels of individuals are primarily driven by the intensity of the foraging activity of neighbors. This result differs from the results of previous studies that suggested that flock size was the most important factor determining individual foraging activity levels.
Rhythmic oscillations in KaiC1 phosphorylation and ATP/ADP ratio in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142

Cyanobacterial circadian clock composed of the Kai oscillator has been unraveled in the model strain Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Recent studies with nitrogen-fixing Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 show rhythmic oscillations in the cellular program even in continuous light albeit with a cycle time of ~11 h. In the present study, we investigate correlation between cellular rhythms, KaiC1 phosphorylation cycle, ATP/ADP ratio, and the redox state of plastoquinone pool in Cyanothece. KaiC1 phosphorylation cycle of Cyanothece was similar to that of Synechococcus under diurnal cycles. However, under continuous light, the cycle time was shorter (11 h), in agreement with physiological and gene expression studies. Interestingly, the ATP/ADP ratio also oscillates with an 11 h period, peaking concomitantly with the respiratory burst. We propose a mathematical model with C/N ratio as a probable signal regulating the clock in continuous light and emphasize the existence of a single timing mechanism regardless of the cycle time.
Studies on the Metabolites of Endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. from Azadirachta indica A.Juss

Four compounds were obtained from the mycelium of endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp.isolated from Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Their structures were identified as stachydrine(1),methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),ergosterol peroxide(3),and adenosine(4) by spectral methods.All of them were isolated from the genus Phomopsis for the first time.
Lower Limb Rehabilitation System After Stroke And Spinal Cord Injury

"System of rehabilitation of the lower limbs post-stroke and spinal cord injury" By Nidal M. Shahateet Ayed Z. Zahran Abed Alfatah Botma Palestine Polytechnic University troke is Classified as the third cause of death in the world, as every four minutes a person is infected with stroke in the world . The treatment of patients with stroke by giving him a Anti blood clotting to prevent the occurrence of stroke again , Where a high percentage of physical therapy in the treatment of patients , Where the ratio is about 80 % . The walking stage is the most important stage of physiotherapy of the lower limbs in cases of paralysis resulting from stroke or spinal cord injuries resulting from several factors such as traffic accidents or incidents falling , As the lower limbs is one of the most important organs in the human body because they help him to do everyday tasks , walking and training Help the muscles to stimulate the nerve centers in the lower limbs . From here show the importance of system rehabilitation of lower limbs after injury, stroke and spinal cord injuries . From here show the importance of lower limb rehabilitation system after stroke and spinal cord injury post-stroke and spinal cord injuries, Which is based on maintaining the balance of the patient and assist in the process of walking and to reduce the weight of his body so he Able to walk on his feet , and move easily Because the patient has Paraplegic or total paralysis. , It also helps the therapist during the treatment process, as it eases the burden of carrying the weight of the patient during the lift and hold it and help him walk. Rehabilitation system is divided into two parts : the first – "a walking Treadmill" , the second "Body weight support (BWS)", where the system helps the patient to walk easily and safely , And generate a sense of relief to the patient. The system is also equipped with instruments that medical help in improving the level of treatment planning, such as a muscle "EMG" and a stimulating muscles in the idle state (inability to move) , and heart rate , which helps in monitoring the condition of the patient during the process of walking. S ىيحرنا ًٍحرنا للها ىسب
Establishment and Preliminary Application of a Quantitative Real-time PCR Method for Detection of Conidia of Ustilaginoidea virens

A real-time PCR quantitative detection technology was established by using two pairs of specific primers designed according to the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequences of Ustilaginoidea virensand their corresponding TaqMan probes.The results showed that the combination of the specific primers and probe of uvr292rf/uvr397rr/uvrp333 was highly sensitive and specific in the quantification of U.virens with a minimum detection limit of 24 fg.A linear model between Ct and common logarithm of spores number was established by real-time PCR with the templates of DNA from diluted spores solution and the theoretical detected limit was 0.67 spore.According to the quantitative detection of three air samples collected in paddy field at various time with this linear model,the quantity of this fungus conidia fluctuated monthly.
Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting With Bulbar and Myelopathic Features: Case Report and Literature Review

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas are defined as pathological anastomoses between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses or cortical veins. Rarely, they could drain into the venous system in and around the craniocervical junction and cause myelopathy and/or bulbar features. Due to the clinical and radiological features, prompt diagnosis poses a challenge, as there are several neurological differential diagnoses. Several mechanisms for the presentation have been considered, such as venous hypertension, direct compression by enlarged veins, and ischaemia due to infarcts or due to arterial steal. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold-standard diagnosis for dural arteriovenous fistulas, where the visualisation of feeding arteries and the characterisation of venous drainage allows diagnosis and grading. Treatment options include conservative management, invasive (microsurgery) or minimally invasive options (transarterial or transvenous embolisation). We present a 32-year-old male who presented with myelopathy and bulbar features. Angiography demonstrated an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula, which was successfully treated surgically.
Prognostic Value of Concomitant Bronchiectasis in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Panbronchiolitis Patients on a Maintenance Therapy with Macrolides

Background Factors determining the prognosis of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) remain unclear at present. The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic value of concomitant bronchiectasis in the macrolide treatment efficacy and exacerbation risk in DPB patients. Methods Data of patients initially diagnosed with DPB at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 2007 and December 2017 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the existence of bronchiectasis. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, microbiological culture results, as well as exacerbation risks and treatment outcomes, were compared between these two groups. The survival curve and Cox regression analysis models were additionally constructed to further demonstrate the predicting role of bronchiectasis in DPB exacerbation. Results Baseline data revealed more respiratory symptoms, lower body mass index (BMI), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) as well as increased isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in DPB subjects with bronchiectasis than those without. Furthermore, bronchiectasis was associated with a lower rate of responsiveness to macrolides and increased exacerbation frequency during follow-up. The survival curve and Cox regression analysis showed that comorbid bronchiectasis was linked to increased time to episode relapse, which remained significant even after controlling for BMI, FEV1, and P. aeruginosa culture results. Conclusion The coexistence of bronchiectasis predicted a poor outcome of maintenance macrolide therapy and an increased exacerbation risk in DPB subjects, possibly through its impacts on nutritional status, pulmonary function, and P. aeruginosa infections.
Manual for Starch Gel Electrophoresis: A Method for the Detection of Genetic Variation

The procedure to conduct horizontal starch gel electrophoresis on enzymes is described in detail. Areas covered are (I) collection and storage of specimens, (2) preparation of tissues, (3) preparation of a starch gel, (4) application of enzyme extracts to a gel, (5) setting up a gel for electrophoresis, (6) slicing a gel, and (7) staining a gel. Recipes are also included for 47 enzyme stains and 3 selected gel buffers. (PDF file contains 26 pages.)
Bioinformatic tools for analyzing epigenomic profiling data

Epigenetik, die Erforschung der biologischen Information in Genomen ausserhalb der DNA Sequenz, hat durch die rasche Entwicklung der Hochdurchsatz-Techniken besonders viele Impulse bekommen. Deshalb spielt die Bioinformatik eine wichtige Rolle bei der Analyse der ausserordentlich grossen Datenmengen und der Formulierung biologischer Hypothesen in der Epigenetik. DNA Methylierung ist ein wichtiger epigenetischer Parameter in der normalen und pathologischen Entwicklungsbiologie. Genomweite DNA Methylierungsprofile werden hauptsachlich durch Bisulfit-Konversion genomischer DNA erstellt, bei der unmethyliertes Cytosin (C) in Thymin (T) umgewandelt wird, gefolgt von Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung (BS-Seq). Die Umwandlung von C zu T erschwert die Zuordnung der Einzelsequenzen zum Referenzgenom in mehrerer Hinsicht. Ausserdem kann mit der herkommlichen Technik die Heterogenitat der DNA Methylierung in Material aus mehreren Zellen oder Geweben nicht berucksichtigt werden. Das beeintrachtigt die Genauigkeit bei der Bestimmung der genomischen Methylierungsmuster. Deshalb sind neue bioinformatische Methoden erforderlich, um zellspezifische DNA Methylierung zu erkennen. Aufgrund der schnell wachsenden Datenmengen ist die gleichzeitige Erfassung mehrerer epigenetischer Parameter in Form von Chromatineigenschaften in verschiedenen Proben, Bedingungen oder Organismen eine weitere Herausforderung und ein wenig bearbeitetes Gebiet der Bioinformatik, jedoch Voraussetzung zur Entdeckung eines chromatin-basierten epigenetischen Codes. Vergleichende bioinformatische Ansatze werden hierbei durch unterschiedliche Verteilung und/oder Spannweite der Parameter erschwert. In dieser Dissertation stelle ich von mir entwickelte bioinformatische Methoden zu diesen Themenbereichen vor und zeige deren Anwendung auf Daten aus dem Modellorganismus Arabidopsis thaliana. Als erstes habe ich ein neues und hochauflosendes Verfahren zur Analyse von BS-Seq Daten entwickelt, welches auf dem „Smith-Waterman local alignment“ Prinzip beruht. Zweitens habe ich einen effizienten Algorithmus konzipiert, um den Grad der Heterogenitat in BS-Seq Daten zu bestimmen. Drittens habe ich eine Methode entworfen, mit der man zahlreiche epigenetische Parameter und deren genomweite Profile zusammenfassen, vergleichen und optisch darstellen kann, um die weitere Analyse und Interpretation zu erleichtern.
Dormancy: A New Universal Terminology

Attempts to discuss the various aspects of plant dormancy can be bewildering due to the excessive number of nonphysiological, independent terms that have arisen over the years. In the context of field observations and orchard management, this terminology has often been adequate. However, in the complex realm of scientific description of the processes that constitute dormancy, the terminology has not been able to keep pace with physiological investigation. In 1985, a set of alternative terms, endodormancy, ectodormancy, and ecodormancy, were suggested to improve the situation (14). During the past 2 years, R. Darnell, J. Early, G. Martin, and I have reviewed the dormancy literature to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of new and previous terms. At various times, N. Arroyave, R. Biasi, R. Femandez-Escobar, G. Stutte, and others from around the world have contributed greatly to discussion and critical analysis of the requirements for a physiological nomenclature. In 1986, ectodormancy was replaced by paradormancy (16) due to the former’s spoken and written similarities to ecodormancy. This paper summarizes the communicative burden presented by the current terminology, the evolution of the new terms, the universal classification system in which the terms are used, and the implications for future dormancy research. These topics are presented in greater detail elsewhere (15).
Sampling of adult bees for detection of American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae) spores in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies

SUMMARY Fifty-nine apiaries with a total of 489 honey bee colonies belonging to a beekeeping operation in central Sweden with a previous history of American foulbrood (AFB) were inspected. For each colony the clinical disease status was visually inspected and the number of brood cells clinically diseased by AFB estimated. From 94 of these colonies, individual samples of > 100 live honey bees from the brood chamber and supers were collected. Two composite samples consisting of > 100 adult bees from each individual colony in each inspected apiary were also taken from (1) all brood chambers and (2) all supers, respectively. Samples were taken on both the individual colony level and the apiary level and analysed for presence of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae by culturing. Spores were found in 100% (n = 21) of the bee samples from clinically diseased colonies and in 77% of the supers, and 82% of the brood chambers in colonies without clinical symptoms (n = 73). On the apiary level, 100% of the samples from clinically diseased apiaries were positive (n = 32). In the apiaries that showed no clinical disease, 70% of the composite samples from supers and 67% of the samples from brood chambers were positive for AFB (n = 27). Spore load differed only slightly between bees in brood chambers and in supers, suggesting that sampling bees from supers when screening apiaries for AFB is a fast and satisfactory alternative to sampling brood chambers.
Discovery of Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in Guizhou Province, southwestern China

Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae), including two subspecies, is distributed in northeastern India, Myanmar, northern Thailand and southwestern China (Collar et al., 2001). In China its distribution has been assumed to be restricted to Yunnan and northwestern Guangxi (Mackinnon et al., 2000; Zheng, 2011). Hume’s Pheasant is listed as a Near Threatened species by IUCN for its small and fragmented population (BirdLife International, 2011). It has also been ranked as a Class I National Key Protected Animal in China. Although the distribution range of Hume’s Pheasant in Guangxi and Guizhou is only separated by the Nanpan and Hongshui rivers, this pheasant had not been previously recorded in Guizhou Province. Jinzhongshan National Nature Reserve was established in 2008 with the express purpose of protecting the population of Hume’s Pheasant in northwestern Guangxi. This area is separated from southwestern Guizhou Province by the Nanpan River, prior to its damming in 1997 only about 50 m at its widest, yet ornithologists had not previously recorded Hume’s Pheasant on the Guizhou side of the river (Wu et al., 1986). We have studied Hume’s Pheasant for about eight years in Jinzhongshan National Nature Reserve. Using radio transmitters, we found that Hume’s Pheasant had spread on the Guangxi side of the Nanpan River. Some local hunters also told us that they had captured some pheasants in Guizhou Province many years ago. Therefore, a survey of Hume’s Pheasant was conducted in southwestern Guizhou Province. A pile of plumage, including that of Lady Amherst’s Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), the Mountain Bamboo-Partridge (Bambusicola fytchii) and Hume’s pheasant were collected from a logging shed in Jishanlin Village (24°45′25.2′′N, 104°49′55.5′′E), Cangjiang Town, Xingyi City, southwestern Guizhou Province in March 2012 (Fig. 1). Anonymous local people admitted they captured these pheasants using traditional traps in a nearby forest. The plumage collected in Guizhou Province was that of an adult male Hume’s Pheasant and absolutely similar to the specimens collected from the Jinzhongshan National Nature Reserve in all its different parts. Some plumage of Hume’s Pheasant was also observed on the capture site. Therefore, we firmly believed this pheasant was captured from Guizhou Province.
Shoot regeneration from leaf petioles of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)

Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) of the Araceae is a source of carbohydrate with a high content of glucomannan which is very useful in preventing several diseases like diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, etc. In industry, the tuber is used as a raw material for paper pulp, textile, gum, celluloid, food and cosmetics. Generally, iles-iles is propagated by splitting tubers, bulbils or leaf cuttings, but this method can not yield high quality planting materials and sometimes may carry along many diseases. In this investigation, an in vitro method for shoot regeneration of iles-iles from petiole explants was developed. Sterilization of the explants was carried out in 0.05% HgCl2 for 20 min. after dipping in 70% ethanol and Tween 20 solution. Leaf petioles about 1 cm in length were cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with a pH of 5.8 containing 30 g sucrose and 2.5 g Gelrite agar. The formation of adventives shoots was induced on MS medium containing 1, 2, and 4 mg/L Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) either with or without the addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). Each treatment was done on 10 explants. All cultures were incubated at 26Â°C on a 16-h photoperiod with an illumination of 30 I¼mol m-2 sec-1 provided by 40-W cool white inflorescent lights. The highest rate of shoot multiplication averaging 19 shoots per explants was achieved within 3 months on MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP. However, the best shoot elongation was found on MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L NAA. Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta.Key words: Amorphophalus muelleri Blume, leaf petiole culture, benzyl amino purine (BAP), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA).
Wind pollination of neotropical dioecious trees

Anemophily may be frequent in neotropical dioecious trees, of diverse taxonomic affinity, as shown here for 19 species in 13 families at one locality, on the basis of floral morphology and pollen presentation. Flower-visiting bees often are not pollinators but commensal or parasitic. The perceived scarcity of anemophily in tropical trees is brought into question by a reconsideration of the evidence regarding pollen type, nectar, weather, insect visitors, and tree density
Méta-analyse des effets de l'oligofructose et de l'inuline sur le risque de cancer colorectal dans deux modèles murins : rats traités par un carcinogène et souris Min

Colorectal cancer is one of the main mortality cause in the world. Numerous experiments are set up to study the chemopreventive effects of different food components, among which oligofructose and inulin, which are non digestible oligosaccharides. The aim of this work was to gather the publications about the effects of inulin and/or oligofructose either on the preneoplastic lesions (ACF) obtained by injection of carcinogen in rats, either on adenomas in Min mice intestine (Min mice are heterozygotous mice muted on Apc gene, who develops numerous adenomas in their intestine). These publications were then analysed in méta-analysis. The results are divergent according to the experimental model. The meta-analysis about the effects of inulin and oligofructose on rats treated by a carcinogen showed a protective effect (significative decrease of the number of ACF). The meta-analysis about min mice didn’t lead to a significative effect (non significative increase of the number of adenoma in small intestine).
Presencia de ácido láctico y otros compuestos semivolátiles en mieles de Meliponini Presence of lactic acid and other semivolatil compound in Meliponini honeys

During the study of semivolatile compounds, lactic acid was found in the honey produced by four species of stingless bees. Moreover, other compounds were identified: 2-ethylhydroxy-propanoic acid in Melipona favosa honeys, 5-(hy droxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde and a-phenylmethyl benzene ethanol in Scaptotrigona mexicana honey, 2-buta nol, heneicosane and heptacosane in Trigona carbonaria honey.