Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraarticular snapping hip: sonographic findings.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the sonographic findings of snapping hip and to correlate the findings with the presence or absence of pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with snapping hip were examined with sonography. Conventional and dynamic sonographic examinations of both hips were performed using a 5.0- or 7.0-MHz transducer. RESULTS Conventional sonographic studies allowed identification of various structural abnormalities (tendinitis, bursitis, synovitis) and helped to document tenderness along the course of specific tendons. Dynamic sonographic studies revealed 26 cases of snapping hip. In 24 of these 26 cases, the underlying cause was clearly identified. Twenty-two snapping hips were caused by an abnormal movement of the iliopsoas tendon, and two were caused by iliotibial band friction over the greater trochanter. One patient reported a bilateral snapping sensation that could not be documented on sonography. Snapping hip was elicited by a wide variety of hip movements. Sonography established an immediate temporal correlation between the jerky tendon motion and the painful snap reported by the patient. Only 14 cases of snapping hip were painful. CONCLUSION Conventional sonographic studies can identify signs of tendinitis, bursitis, or synovitis. Dynamic sonographic studies revealed the cause of snapping hip in most patients. Snapping hip is characterized on sonography by a sudden abnormal displacement of the snapping structure. In our study, a significant proportion of the cases of snapping hip were not painful.
ON THE SPINO-BULBO-SPINAL REFLEX IN DOGS, MONKEYS AND MAN.

In decerebrated cats, stimulation of a spinal dorsal root yields the wellknown segmental monoand poly-synaptic reflex responses in the spinal ventral root at the same segment. These are followed, after a period of little or no ventral root activity, by an additional delayed reflex response (OGIU et al. 1955, SHIMAMURA 1961). Recently, it has been demonstrated that this delayed reflex response is produced by the mechanism of the spino-bulbo-spinal reflex (SBS), the reflex center of which is located in the bulbar reticular formation (SHIMAMURA & LIVINGSTON 1963). Peripheral as well as spinal mechanisms of the SBS reflex have been analysed on cats (SHIMAMURA & AKERT 1964) and central influ ences on it have also been investigated in cats (SHIMAMURA & MORI 1964). In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate such a delayed reflex response on other species of mammals e. g. , dogs and monkeys, including man, in order to extend knowledge of the SBS reflex.
Reactivity of persulfides toward strained bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne derivatives: relevance to chemical tagging of proteins.

Persulfides are an emerging class of cysteine oxidative post-translational modification. They react with the bioconjugation reagents bicyclo[6.1. 0]nonynes (BCNs) to engender thioethers and/or disulfides. This new reactivity of BCNs with a biologically important redox-signaling species efficiently interferes with the recent usage of strained cycloalkynes to specifically trap protein sulfenic acids.
Redox Cycling of Iron Supports Growth and Magnetite Synthesis by Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum

Under anaerobic conditions and in the absence of alternative electron acceptors, growth of the magnetic bacterium Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum MSI was iron concentration dependent. Weak chelation of the iron (with quinate, oxalate, or 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate) enhanced growth, whereas strong chelation (with EDTA, citrate, or nitrilotriacetic acid) retarded the growth of strain MSI relative to that of controls lacking chelators. Growth was proportional to the percentage of unchelated iron in medium containing EDTA in various molar ratios to iron. Addition of the respiratory inhibitors antimycin A (5 μM), NaCN (10 mM), and NaN3 (10 mM) inhibited growth with Fe(III) or NO3- as the terminal electron acceptor. Growth with O2 and NO3- was inhibited by 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinolone-N-oxide (HOQNO) but not with 2 mM Fe(III). Under strongly reducing conditions, strain MS1 survived but grew poorly and became irreversibly nonmagnetic. Growth and iron reduction in anaerobic cultures were stimulated by the provision of small amounts of O2 or H2O2. Slow infusion of air to cultures which had reduced virtually all of the Fe(III) in the medium (2 mM) supported a high rate of iron reoxidation (relative to killed controls) and growth in proportion to the amount of iron reoxidized. Oxygen consumption by iron-reducing cultures was predominantly biological, since NaCN and HOQNO both inhibited consumption. Inhibition of oxygen consumption (and iron reoxidation) by the addition of ferrozine and the inhibition of iron oxidation (and oxygen consumption) by the addition of HOQNO suggest that iron oxidation by strain MS1 is an aerobic respiratory process, perhaps tied to energy conservation. Iron oxidation was also necessary for magnetite synthesis, since in microaerobic denitrifying cultures, sequestration of reduced iron by ferrozine present in 10-fold molar excess to the available iron resulted in loss of magnetism and a severe drop in the average magnetosome number of the cells.
The bacterial SecY/E translocation complex forms channel-like structures similar to those of the eukaryotic Sec61p complex.

The SecYEG complex is a major component of the protein translocation apparatus in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. We have purified a translocationally active complex of the two subunits, SecY and SecE, from Bacillus subtilis. As demonstrated by electron microscopy, SecY/E forms ring structures in detergent solution and in intact lipid bilayers, often with a quasi-pentagonal appearance in projection. The particles represent oligomeric assemblies of the SecY/E complex and are similar to those formed by the eukaryotic Sec61p complex. We propose that these SecY/E rings represent protein-conducting channels and that the two essential membrane components SecY and SecE are sufficient for their formation.
Nitric oxide synthase in crayfish walking leg ganglia: Segmental differences in chemo‐tactile centers argue against a generic role in sensory integration

Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule with evolutionarily conserved roles in neural plasticity. Prominent expression of NO synthase (NOS) in the primary olfactory centers of mammals and insects lead to the notion of a special role for NO in olfaction. In insects, however, NOS is also strongly expressed in non‐olfactory chemo‐tactile centers of the thoracic nerve cord. The functional significance of this apparent association with various sensory centers is unclear, as is the extent to which it occurs in other arthropods. We therefore investigated the expression of NOS in the pereopod ganglia of crayfish (Pacifastacus lenisculus and Procambarus clarkii). Conventional NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) staining after formaldehyde fixation gave poor anatomic detail, whereas fixation in methanol/formalin (MF‐NADPHd) resulted in Golgi‐like staining, which was supported by immunohistochemistry using NOS antibodies that recognize a 135‐kDa protein in crayfish. MF‐NADPHd revealed an exceedingly dense innervation of the chemo‐tactile centers. As in insects, this innervation was provided by a system of prominent intersegmental neurons. Superimposed on a putatively conserved architecture, however, were pronounced segmental differences. Strong expression occurred only in the anterior three pereopod ganglia, correlating with the presence of claws on pereopods one to three. These clawed pereopods, in addition to their role in locomotion, are crucially involved in feeding, where they serve both sensory and motor functions. Our findings indicate that strong expression of NOS is not a universal feature of primary sensory centers but instead may subserve a specific requirement for sensory plasticity that arises only in particular behavioral contexts. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:381–399, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring the Electrical Properties of the Back Silicon Interface of Silicon-on-Sapphire Wafers

The density and the electrical nature of the interface traps at the silicon-sapphire interface of silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) MOSFETs have a significant influence on the electrical characteristics of these transistors. This letter describes a simple MOS test structure for evaluating the electrical properties of this interface of SOS wafers. Measurement and modeling of the C-V characteristics of the test structure fabricated on production SOS wafers are presented. We have demonstrated that the C-V characteristics are an efficient tool for studying the depletion of the silicon-sapphire interface by the interface trapped charge.
A Collective Knowledge workflow for collaborative research into multi-objective autotuning and machine learning techniques

Developing efficient software and hardware has never been harder whether it is for a tiny IoT device or an Exascale supercomputer. Apart from the ever growing design and optimization complexity, there exist even more fundamental problems such as lack of interdisciplinary knowledge required for effective software/hardware co-design, and a growing technology transfer gap between academia and industry. We introduce our new educational initiative to tackle these problems by developing Collective Knowledge (CK), a unified experimental framework for computer systems research and development. We use CK to teach the community how to make their research artifacts and experimental workflows portable, reproducible, customizable and reusable while enabling sustainable RD crowdsource experimentation across diverse platforms; share experimental results, models, visualizations; gradually expose more design and optimization choices using a simple JSON API; and ultimately build upon each other's findings. As the first practical step, we have implemented customizable compiler autotuning, crowdsourced optimization of diverse workloads across Raspberry Pi 3 devices, reduced the execution time and code size by up to 40%, and applied machine learning to predict optimizations. We hope such approach will help teach students how to build upon each others' work to enable efficient and self-optimizing software/hardware/model stack for emerging workloads.
Semi-supervised Annotator of Speech Corpora and AGH Speech Corpus of Polish

Software to generate professional speech corpora using audiobooks and corresponding text books is presented. The software allows the creation of speech corpora much faster and cheaper than traditional methods. Existing speech resources of Polish are described with a brief introduction to Polish dialects. An example of a small corpus of Polish made with the described tool is presented as well.
Natural polymorphisms of protease in protease inhibitor-naive HIV-1 infected patients in Korea: a novel L63M in subtype B.

To establish a baseline for monitoring resistance mutation to protease inhibitors (PI), we determined protease(PR) sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 43 PI-naive Korean HIV-1 infected patients. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis revealed that 41 of the sequences belonged to subtype B, one belonged to subtype A, and one was unique, not clustering with any subtype. Thirty-one (76%) of the 41 sub-type B sequences formed a subclade within subtype B, a so-called "Korean B cluster. " Polymorphisms were observed at 34 (34.3%) of the PR codons. One patient (2.3%) harbored a primary resistance-conferring mutation, L90M along with L63P and A71V, and all 43 strains showed some secondary associated with drug resistance. The percentage of patients with 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1, resistance mutations were 2%, 2%, 14%, 23%,37%, and 9%, respectively. A novel polymorphism in subtype B, L63M was detected in two patients. Another patient showed a gross deletion (257 bp) after codon 91. The average genetic distance of the 41 subtype B sequences to the HXB2 sequence was 3.0% (range, 1.0-5.1%). Six hemophiliacs were infected with a domestic strain of HIV-1 subtype B, while the other two hemophiliacs were infected with nondomestic subtype B and had lived outside Korea. Although this is the first report on the molecular nature of PR in Korea, there is also a need to establish baselines for nonsubtype B HIV-1.
Vaccine prevention of meningococcal disease in Africa: Major advances, remaining challenges

ABSTRACT Africa historically has had the highest incidence of meningococcal disease with high endemic rates and periodic epidemics. The meningitis belt, a region of sub-Saharan Africa extending from Senegal to Ethiopia, has experienced large, devastating epidemics. However, dramatic shifts in the epidemiology of meningococcal disease have occurred recently. For instance, meningococcal capsular group A (NmA) epidemics in the meningitis belt have essentially been eliminated by use of conjugate vaccine. However, NmW epidemics have emerged and spread across the continent since 2000; NmX epidemics have occurred sporadically, and NmC recently emerged in Nigeria and Niger. Outside the meningitis belt, NmB predominates in North Africa, while NmW followed by NmB predominate in South Africa. Improved surveillance is necessary to address the challenges of this changing epidemiologic picture. A low-cost, multivalent conjugate vaccine covering NmA and the emergent and prevalent meningococcal capsular groups C, W, and X in the meningitis belt is a pressing need.
Tetrahydrobiopterin, Cytokines, and Nitric Oxide Synthesis 1

Abstract Nitric oxide synthases require a surprisingly rich selection of cofactors to perform the conversion of L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide (NO): NADPH, FAD, FMN, heme and tetrahydrobiopterin. In a previous minireview in this journal we summarized work concerning the induction of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis by cytokines, which yields increased intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin concentrations supporting NO formation by intact cells (P.S.E.B.M. 203:1-12). The present review updates work on the induction of tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis by cytokines, and summarizes recent advances in research of tetrahydrobiopterin dependence of the NO synthase reaction. Studies using recombinant NO synthases and site-directed mutations thereof have localized several amino acids critical for tetrahydrobiopterin binding, which are discussed in reference to the recently published crystal structure of the dimer of the oxygenase domain of murine inducible NO synthase with substrate and pterin. Allosteric actions of tetrahydrobiopterin on NO synthases are stabilization of dimers, stabilization of a conformation with high-spin heme iron, and support of binding of the substrate L-arginine. Since the 4-amino analog of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is a dihydropteridine reductase inhibitor, supports these allosteric actions but inhibits the enzyme activity, tetrahydrobiopterin appears to play a redox-active role in stimulating the NO synthase reaction in addition to its allosteric actions on NO synthases. Amelioration of endothelial dysfunction by tetrahydrobiopterin in animal models and in humans in vivo has been observed. It remains to be investigated, however, to what extent the role of tetrahydrobiopterin as cof actor of NO synthases contributes to these in vivo effects of tetrahydrobiopterin.
Fault diagnosis in linear systems with non-parametric method

The paper is devoted to the problem of fault isolation in technical systems described with linear dynamic models. So-called non-parametric, or model-free, or data-driven method is used to solve the problem. The feature of this method is that parameters of the system under consideration may be unknown. The methods of fault isolation and residual generation are suggested. The theoretical results are illustrated by an example.
Complex formation with vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein NS prevents binding of nucleocapsid protein N to nonspecific RNA

The interactions between the nucleocapsid protein N and either RNA or the phosphoprotein NS of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were studied by the transcription of N and NS mRNAs from SP6 vectors, followed by translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Nascent N protein bound tightly to added labeled RNA, as well as to endogenous RNA in the reticulocyte lysate. This binding was demonstrated by three independent techniques. First, labeled N protein and labeled RNA migrated identically as a series of sharp, closely spaced bands in a nondenaturing gel system. Second, translated N protein behaved as a stable ribonucleoprotein complex in CsCl gradients and sedimented to the same density as the authentic N-RNA template of VSV. Third, translated N protein protected a series of labeled RNA fragments from digestion by RNase A. None of the three RNA-binding criteria was satisfied by either translated NS protein or two deletion mutants of N protein or by other components of the reticulocyte lysate. The evidence suggests that the observed binding of RNA by nascent N was not RNA sequence specific, in contrast to the encapsidation process during VSV replication. Moreover, the prior formation of N-NS complexes totally abolished the observed binding of RNA by N. Thus, we propose that NS may be responsible for conferring the sequence specificity of the RNA binding that occurs during VSV genome replication.
Midline 1 directs lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of mouse killer T cells

Midline 1 (MID1) is a microtubule‐associated ubiquitin ligase that regulates protein phosphatase 2A activity. Loss‐of‐function mutations in MID1 lead to the X‐linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. Here, we show that MID1 is strongly upregulated in murine cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), and that it controls TCR signaling, centrosome trafficking, and exocytosis of lytic granules. In accordance, we find that the killing capacity of MID1−/− CTLs is impaired. Transfection of MID1 into MID1−/− CTLs completely rescued lytic granule exocytosis, and vice versa, knockdown of MID1 inhibited exocytosis of lytic granules in WT CTLs, cementing a central role for MID1 in the regulation of granule exocytosis. Thus, MID1 orchestrates multiple events in CTL responses, adding a novel level of regulation to CTL activation and cytotoxicity.
Intercomparison of MODIS and VIIRS Fire Products in Khanty-Mansiysk Russia: Implications for Characterizing Gas Flaring from Space

Gas flaring is commonly used by industrial plants for processing oil and natural gases in the atmosphere, and hence is an important anthropogenic source for various pollutants including CO2, CO, and aerosols. This study evaluates the feasibility of using satellite data to characterize gas flaring from space by focusing on the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug in Russia, a region that is well known for its dominant gas flaring activities. Multiple satellite-based thermal anomaly data products at night are intercompared and analyzed, including MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Terra level 2 Thermal Anomalies product (MOD14), MODIS Aqua level 2 Thermal Anomalies product (MYD14), VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) Active Fires Applications Related Product (VAFP), and VIIRS level 2 Nightfire product (VNF). The analysis compares and contrasts the efficacy of these sensor products in detecting small, hot sources like flares on the ground in extremely cold environments such as Russia. We found that the VNF algorithm recently launched by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the unprecedented accuracy and efficiency in characterizing gas flares in the region owing primarily to the use of Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands. Reconciliation of VNF’s differences and similarities with other nighttime fire products is also conducted, indicating that MOD14/MYD14 and VAFP data are only effective in detecting those gas flaring pixels that are among the hottest in the region; incorporation of shortwave infrared (1.6 µm) band used in VNF may improve the detection of relatively cooler gas flares. The gas flaring locations from the VNF product are validated using Google Earth images. It is shown that VNF’s estimates of the area of gas flaring agree well with the Google image counterparts with a linear correlation of 0.91, highlighting its potential use for routinely monitoring emissions of gas flaring from space.
reola-Sparing Mastectomy : efining the Risks lan

s l f m a t i t t a c t p g m w d e g he recent development and popularity of skin-sparing astectomy (SSM) is a likely byproduct of high-quality utogenous tissue breast reconstruction. Numerous nonandomized series suggest that SSM does not add to the risk f local recurrence. Although there is still some skeptiism, SSM has become a standard part of the surgical aramentarium when dealing with small or in situ breast ancers requiring mastectomy and in prophylactic mastecomy in high-risk patients. Some have suggested that SSM lso compares favorably with standard mastectomy for ore advanced local breast cancer. Recently, areolaparing mastectomy (ASM) has been recommended for a imilar subset of patients in whom potential involvement y cancer of the nipple-areola complex is thought to be low r in patients undergoing prophylactic mastectomy. For SM, the assumption is that the areola does not contain landular tissue and can be treated the same as other breast kin. Because no large series exists to define the risks of reserving the areola, it seems appropriate to critically reiew our knowledge of the areola and thereby attempt to efine those patients in whom ASM might be appropriate. ome topics thought to be relevant to ASM are:
Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cognitive decline in community-dwelling aging women

Background: A randomized trial of postmenopausal women over age 65 reported increased risks of cognitive decline with 4 years of combined estrogen and progestin treatment. However, questions remain, including the effect of longer duration or of hormone therapy initiated at younger ages. Methods: The Nurses’ Health Study is a prospective cohort begun in 1976, comprising 121,700 female nurses who report health information via biennial mailed questionnaires. This substudy includes 13,807 participants age 70 to 81 who completed two telephone cognitive assessments, 2 years apart, between 1995 and 2003. General cognition, verbal memory, category fluency, and attention were tested. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate adjusted mean declines and logistic regression to estimate adjusted risks of substantial decline in cognition (≥2 SD of baseline performance) across hormone groups. APOE genotype was available in a subset of 3,667 participants. Results: Overall, little difference was found in mean cognitive decline between current hormone users and never users. However, for long-term users of estrogen alone or combined with progestin, increased risk of substantial decline was observed on most cognitive tests (relative risk [RR] = 1.25 to 1.72). Decline was particularly high among women initiating hormones at older ages compared with never users: for example, on our test of general cognition, RR of substantial decline was 1.74 (95% CI 1.08, 2.81) and mean difference in decline was −0.43 (95% CI −0.73, −0.12). No significant interactions between hormone use and APOE ε4 allele were observed. Conclusion: Postmenopausal hormone therapy provides no appreciable cognitive benefits in older women.