Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the evolution of consonant harmony: the case of secondary articulation agreement*

Consonant harmony involves long-distance featural assimilation, or agreement, of consonants across intervening segments. Current correspondence-based analyses of such sound patterns assume that they originate in the cognitive exigencies of articulatory planning, either synchronically, through the functional grounding of the constraints responsible, or diachronically, whereby processing factors incrementally shape the lexicon over time. This paper challenges the validity of this assumption as an all-purpose functional explanation for the full range of long-distance consonant agreement patterns by demonstrating that a variety of diachronic trajectories underlies their emergence and evolution. Focusing on the comparatively rare phenomenon of secondary articulation agreement, the evolutionary histories of three cases are examined: (labio)velarisation agreement in Pohnpeian (Oceanic), palatalisation agreement in Karaim (Turkic) and pharyngealisation agreement in Tsilhqot'in (Athabaskan). These histories provide explanations for a range of synchronic properties of the systems in question, some of which are problematic for restrictive typologies of consonant harmony.
Integration of CALL into the Teaching of College English Reading

Reforming the teaching mode by integrating CALL into college English reading teaching is a possible and efficient solution to the current situation of college reading teaching. The hypothesis about the efficiency of CALL and its feasibility in Chinese college reading courses are confirmed and computer will act as a device enabling the college students in China to have greater achievement and motivation in reading. The results of this study indicate that CALL is an effective instruction mode in teaching English reading and have practical implications for the administrators, teachers, and
Clinical Evaluation and Serum Lipid Profile between Individuals with Acute Hepatitis C

Aim: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exerts an intense impact on host lipid metabolism. It has been shown that the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids (FA) is directly affected in HCV patients but serum FA profile of acute HCV patients have not been directly quantified in humans. Methodology: In present study the serum lipid and FA’s profile (free and total) of acute hepatitis C patients (n=50) is evaluated in comparison to healthy controls (n=50). The acut e HCV patient ’ s were diagnosed by center of diseases control (CDC) criteria. Blood hematology, serum proteins, enzymes, waste metabolites and nutrition status were also assessed by standard methods. Results: The acute HCV patie nts have significantly lower (P <0.05) lipid profile including triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL in relation to controls. Results of serum lipid FA’s (total and Original Research Article
Musical gestures : sound, movement, and meaning

Foreword Preface 1. Why study musical gestures? Marc Leman and Rolf Inge Godoy 2. Musical gestures: concepts and methods in research Alexander Refsum Jensenius, Marcelo M. Wanderley, Rolf Inge Godoy, and Marc Leman 3. Gesture in performance Sofia Dahl with contributions from Frederic Bevilacqua, Roberto Bresin, Martin Clayton, Laura Leante, Isabella Poggi, and Nicolas Rasamimanana 4: Music and Gestures: a historical introduction and survey of earlier research Albrecht Schneider 5. Gestural Affordances of Musical Sound Rolf Inge Godoy 6. Music, gesture, and the formation of embodied meaning Marc Leman 7. The Functional Role and Bio-Kinetics of Basic and Expressive gestures in Activation and Sonification Leon van Noorden Chapter 8. Gesture and Timbre Tor Halmrast, Knut Guettler, Rolf Bader, and Rolf Inge Godoy 9. Sensorimotor control of sound-producing gestures} Sylvie Gibet 10. Visual Gesture Recognition: from motion tracking to expressive gesture Antonio Camurri and Thomas B. Moeslund 11. Conductors' Gestures and Their Mapping to Sound Synthesis Gunnar Johannsen and Teresa Marrin Nakra Contributors Index
Internet of Things based Smart Electricity Meters

Since energy sources are limited and it has become our need to save as much energy as possible. In this scenario, Smart meter comes into the picture. A Smart meter captures unit consumed in a specific time frame, display results and consequently provide real time inputs to the billing unit. The use of such smart meters has been growing rapidly in recent years. In fact, certain market observers estimate the global market for smart meters will accelerate from $4 billion in 2011 to approximately $20 billion in 2018. [1] Direct U.S. exports of smart meters also have shown solid growth in recent years, although from a small base, rising from an estimated $180 million to $240 million during 2008–13[2]. Smart meters are far better than those electromechanical meters used previously by the customers. In this paper, we are explaining the concept of smart meters, different types of communication, communication employing PLC, security and frauds detection, cost optimization and data sets. General Terms Internet of Things, Smart metering, Network model.
Vi iMproved

From the Publisher: Real Linux users don't use GUIs. No matter how popular, slick and sophisticated the interfaces become for Linux and UNIX, you'll always need to be able to navigate in a text editor. The vi editor is the original standard UNIX full screen editor. It's been around almost since UNIX began and it has changed very little. To get around the limitations of vi the people at Bram Moolenaar created the vim editor (the name stand for VI iMproved). It contains many more features than the old vi editor including: help, multiple windows, syntax highlighting, programmer support, and HTML support. All of the books published to date focus on vi alone not the expanded vim shipping with every major Linux distribution. In true New Riders' form, the vim reference will be a definitive, concise reference for the professional Linux user and developer. This tutorial takes a task oriented approach allowing you to learn only the commands that make your job easier.
Using Online Testing for Engineering Studies

Abstract The use of online resources in the assessment of engineering modules is generally being encouraged in higher education institutions. This paper reflects upon the experience of open book testing of first year engineering students in two elements of assessment in a continuously assessed two semester long module. This mode of assessment is more convenient for the large percentage of part-time students on the programme, who only attend one day per week. A longitudinal study over a four year period shows that not all students like to be assessed in this way, even though evidence indicates improvement in pass rates over those achieved from more traditional modes of testing.
PENERAPAN PENYIMPANAN DATA OBJEK GAMBAR PADA SISTEM BASIS DATA RELASIONAL (MySQL)

Abstrak. Dalam penyimpanan data objek gambar dalam database relational metode penyimpanan dengan menggunakan teks address path data gambar yang disimpan dalam database dan metode yang menggunakan tipe data blob. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan membandingakan nilai rata-rata data load dari hasil pengujian software uji dan dianalisis lebih lanjut dengan software staitstik (PSPP) sedangkan untuk tahapan perancangan software uji menggunakan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak SDLC (System development Life Cycle) dengan model USDP (Unified Software Development Process). Software uji dikembangkan pada platform Linux dengan menggunakan IDE Gambas3 sebagai bahasa pemrogramannya. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini membuktikan metode dengan menggunakan teks address path lebih baik dibandingkan dengan menggunakan blob dengan perbedaan rata-rata sebesar 0.12 milidetik. Sedangakan metode dengan menggunakan tipe data blob merupakan solusi lain untuk menyimpan data gambar dalam database secara kompleks.
Locally-clocked dynamic logic

Locally-clocked (LC) dynamic logic is a circuit methodology which combines a localized clocking strategy with a robust dynamic gate design to provide a high throughput, low latency circuit solution. LC dynamic logic creates event-driven pipelines which outperform and avoid many of the problems associated with conventional clock-based pipeline techniques. LC dynamic logic was used to implement an 8/spl times/8 bit multiplier design that operates at 715 MHz in a 1.0 /spl mu/m MOSIS process, which exceeds the highest multiplier frequency previously published.
DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIBETIC RETINOPATHY IN COLOR FUNDUS IMAGE

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye syndrome due to diabetes which causes optical loss. So it is sensible to offertreatment for DR at primary stages of disease. Haemorrhages are the initial symptoms that indicate person have diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, their acknowledgment is very crucial. In this paper image contrast is enhanced by pre-processing and then blood vessels are detected as the margins of haemorrhages are not discriminate when they are in contact with blood vessels. then classified the image on the basis of quality characteristic such as area in three stages as normal, moderate or Severe DR. classified images are classified with 99% accuracy. we tested set of images and obtained Precision= 0.99974, Recall=1, F1Score=0.99987. our approach has potential to be used as too in clinic for haemorrhages detection.
Persistence or Reinfection for Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections inWomen: Cloudy Boundaries When it comes to Management?

Objective: To review current literature on the distinction between bacterial persistence or reinfection in recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) in women and the resultant implications on evaluation and treatment. Methods: A systematic literature review focusing on studies of non-pregnant women with cystitis was conducted. Studies not in English, not in full-text, and relating to children, men, and pregnant women were excluded. Results: Between 1995 and 2012, 7 articles were identified from which the type of bacterial persistence/ reinfection status could be clearly established. While some study findings suggest that bacterial reinfection prevails in RUTI, others have concluded that bacterial persistence is quite frequent or dominates (33% to 82%). Recent data on evaluation and treatment also suggest a shift towards less need to distinguish between these two categories. Conclusions: While current RUTI management strategies hinge on delineating between bacterial persistence or reinfection, for women refractory to antibiotic therapy, one could argue that the boundary between the two groups may be irrelevant as optimal treatment may be the same regardless.Compared to simple urinary tract infections which are exceedingly common in women and relatively easy to treat, recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) provoke treatment challenges, impact on quality of life, and substantial costs. Traditionally, RUTIs have been divided into two broad categories depending on urine culture findings: (1) Bacterial persistence refers to RUTIs caused by the same bacterial strain over and over again while (2) Bacterial reinfection implies a reinfection process from different bacterial strains. In this brief document, we reviewed the existing literature on the prevalence of these two forms of RUTI and briefly discussed the implications for their evaluation and treatment, while adding some newer information from our group and others. We will make the point that the boundaries between these 2 categories cansometimes be blurry and that their management may emerge as being similar in the end.
A Novel Web-Based Student Academic Records Information System

The system presents a single platform that will be used to manage and process data for all categories of students in a seamless and interactive manner. The design technology adopted for the implementation is a client/server technology, with MYSQL as the server technology and Visual Basic.NET as the client technology. Internet Information Server (IIS) is used as the Web server. The software development methodology adopted is the incremental model in conjunction with prototyping technique. The data used were obtained from the University of Port Harcourt and an empirical evaluation of the system shows that the system expedites processing of students’ results and generation of other related academic information. This system increases efficient service delivery and provides added advantage in academic records management. Keywords : Student Information System, Web Server, lient/Server, MYSQL
As peças do quebra-cabeça: Rex Nazaré e a polí­tica nuclear brasileira

Th is paper analyzes the interview given by the physicist Rex Nazaré to the project Historical and strategic memory of nuclear energy in Brazil, developed by CPDOC-FGV and FINEP. Th is research has shown how scientists, offi cers, diplomats and engineers, in their diff erent areas of power and knowledge, have built diff erent memories about the history of nuclear energy in Brazil. Rex Nazaré’s testimony revealed itself particularly relevant in so far his life story was mingled with that of the Comissão de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), where he entered with a scholarship in the beginning of the 1960’s, and which he directed for almost a
Modula-2: A Software Development Approach

From the Publisher: Presents the entire Modula-2 language and illustrates its use in the context of modern software development. The book focuses on the use of abstract data types and information hiding in the software development process. It shows how the frame of a software system can be specified, at the design stage, using Modula-2 as a program design language. In fact, the ability to separate the specification of an abstraction from its implementation is one of the key features of Modula-2.
A Review of ICT Technology in Construction

A growing awareness in the construction industry has emerged to pay a sharp attention to ICT as a catalyst that would mitigate the deficiencies characterized by this industry. In comparison with other cited review articles, this paper is aimed to 1) compile the research published on “ICT Technologies” in correspondence to “Construction Tasks” in the construction industry over the past two decades (1996- 2016), 2) demonstrate the trends and patterns in the use of different types of ICT Technologies 3) discuss the correspondence of the identified ICT Technologies to the identified Construction Tasks and 4) exhibit the construction needs of ICT. By the employment of a five phases profiling methodology, a set of 68 out of 202 articles and papers indexed by Elsevier’s Scopus database was considered relevant for the current review paper. This research is targeting the beginning researchers and practitioners in the field of ICT in construction.
Inflammation beyond the Joints: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Disease

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), a chronic systemic inflammatory disease which affects approximately 1% of the population, is classically characterized by inflammation and synovitis that leads to cartilage damage and juxta-articular bone destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that a major cause of death among RA patients is Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD), in excess of that in the general population. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of CVD in RA populations, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of CVD in RA including the role of chronic inflammation in driving accelerated atherosclerosis, the obesity paradox and altered metabolic pathways leading to pro-inflammatory HDL formation and insulin resistance. We also discuss the pitfalls in the evaluation of CVD utilizing traditional risk scores which tend to underestimate CVD risk in RA population and the efforts directed to find more accurate predictors for early CVD detection. Finally, we will present the latest developments in the evaluation and management of CVD in RA patients, given recent evidence on the role of inflammation and its impact on CVD.
Detecting Nonlinearity in 3D Dynamic Graphs

Three-dimensional dynamic scatterplots can reveal characteristics of data – such as certain kinds of clustering and nonlinearity – that are not apparent in marginal two-dimensional views of the data. The experiments reported in this paper address the detection of nonlinearity in 3D dynamic scatterplots. Employing graduate-student subjects, we designed datasets that incorporated varying degrees of nonlinearity and varying degrees of systematic information (‘signal’). We also manipulated various aspects of the displays, including the display of regression planes and residuals; tying points visually to the horizontal (predictor) plane; the motion of the display; and the use of perspective and depth-cueing. We found that most (but not all) subjects were able to respond in a reasonable manner to properties of the data, so that the probability of detection of nonlinearity increased with its level, particularly when the signal was strong. Subjects’ performance was also affected, though to a lesser extent, by characterisics of the displays. We found, for example, that spinning the display horizontally in the regression plane was particularly effective. [
MINIREVIEW Haemophilus influenzae Type a Infection and Its Prevention

infectionswere originally reported as “type b” or “non-type b. ” Thenon-type b reports lacked epidemiological information such aspatients’ ages, predisposing illnesses, and mortality. A criticallevel of serum antibodies against Hib capsular polysaccharide,mostly immunoglobulin G, confers immunity to Hib by com-plement-mediated bacteriolysis (34, 35, 37). Routine immuni-zation with Hib conjugates in developed countries has led tosigniﬁcant reductions in the incidence of disease and carriageof this pathogen in the past decade (8, 9, 44). In the UnitedStates, following 10 years of Hib conjugate vaccine usage, theannual incidence of Hib meningitis among children less than 5years of age decreased from 10,000 to 200 cases (4). “Herd” immunity followed widespread usage of the Hib con-jugate vaccine as unvaccinated children beneﬁted from thereduction in both the incidence of disease and the virtualelimination of carriage. The near-elimination of Hib disease insome populations led to the speculation that other
Application of an averaging method of error estimation in adaptive finite element simulations of solidification

In this paper we consider solidification of two-component alloys solidifying in metal moulds. The melt undergoes rapid cooling just after the pouring of the mould. Solidification in a range of temperature involves formation of a mushy zone, where the latent heat of solidification is released. These are the main reasons for appearance of high heat fluxes (temperature gradients) near the mould boundary in the beginning of the process and later in the mushy zone. We use the finite element method to obtain the approximate solution of the problem. This solution is almost never exact and the error decreases as the element size and time step are reduced. In case of solidification a rather fine space and time discretization is needed in order to resolve high heat fluxes and high cooling rates. However, the finer the space-time discretization is, the more degrees of freedom (unknowns) are to be
Nodding Syndrome – An Investment Case for Global Health?

Nodding syndrome represents a complex encephalopathy in previously healthy children and adolescents that occurs in hot spots of South Sudan, northern Uganda and southern Tanzania. The core feature of this neurological disorder is a repetitive forward bobbing of the head towards the chin of a variable length of time associated with other features such generalized epileptic seizures, psychiatric symptoms/signs, stunted growth, wasting and reduced sexual development, among others. The etiology of this neuropediatric disorder so far has remained obscure, but there seems to be some evidence in support of a post-measles disorder as well as an involvement of the parasite Onchocerca volvulus which can cause skin and eye disease (river blindness). While discussing potential etiology and pathogenesis of nodding syndrome, we also explore reasons while funding for research on nodding syndrome has been so scarce and compare it to other similarly neglected diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the inclusion of nodding syndrome in the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases with the aim of creating a disease specific lobby, thereby supporting financing and collaboration on research and development for nodding syndrome. In the last paragraph we examine a global health approach to nodding syndrome via the sustainable development goals and conclude that by investing in some of the goals concerning health, poverty alleviation and quality education, among others, individuals suffering from nodding syndrome and their families may derive clear benefits which eventually can lead to an overall reduction in morbidity and mortality. However, other diseases will also benefit from employment of the sustainable development goals and therefore awareness of nodding syndrome needs to be raised, so that it will not be forgotten.
Sound Capture for Human / Machine Interfaces: Practical Aspects of Microphone Array Signal Processing (Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences)

Space-Time Signals. - Optimum Linear Filtering. - Optimum Beamforming for Wideband Non-Stationary Signals. - A Practical Audio Acquisition System Using a Robust GSC (RGSC). - Beamforming Combined with Multi-Channel Acoustic Echo Cancellation. - Efficient Real-time Realization of an Acoustic Human/Machine Front-End. - Summary and Conclusions. - A Estimation of Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratios (SINRs) Exploiting Non-Stationarity. - B Experimental Setups and Acoustic Environments. - C Notations.
EXPERIMENTAL AQUEOUS HUMOR DRAINAGE-Reply

Dr. Macri''s letter was referred to Dr. Bill, who offers the following reply: To the Editor: —In his discussion of my criticism Macri points out that the reason for the discrepancy between his and my results might be that in my experiments the intraocular pressure (IOP) was stabilized with a leveling manometer. To demonstrate that this is not the case, I would like to present, in brief, the results of some experiments (see the Table) which are to be presented in detail later, experiments in which the IOP was not stabilized. The intrascleral venous pressure (ISVP) was measured with the technique used previously which does not cause any occlusion that may raise the pressure measured. 1 The values for intrascleral venous pressure expected if Macri's equation (IOP=0.82·ISVP +6.51) was correct are given in parentheses. It can be seen even without statistical analysis that my figures for ISVP completely disagree with