Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Root Canal Irrigants in Endodontic Practice-Part 1

Irrigation plays a pivotal role in the success of endodontic treatment in eradicating microbes and tissue material from the root canal system. There are currently a variety of differing protocols with regards to the irrigant selection and this review article covers the irrigants currently used and covers the associated evidence base for their usage. Sodium Hypochlorite is widely used as the most common irrigant in endodontics because of the tissue dissolving capability and also hypochlorite having an effective antimicrobial action. The action of Chlorhexidine has been reviewed as an alternative irrigant as it has a longer antimicrobial action due to its substantivity. However, the limitation of tissue solvent activity have meant its use is more common in retreatment cases. Chelating agents such as EDTA are now routinely used for removal of the smear layer and this article considers the literature on this and also to compare the combined regimens of endodontic irrigants with MTAD. Some alternative contemporary irrigants are also highlighted and discussed.
STRESSORS AND BURNOUT AMONG MARA ENTREPRENEURS: THE CASE OF SMES

Research on the issue of occupational stress among entrepreneurs in Malaysian small and medium enterprises is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the relationship between stressors and dimension of burnout. For this purpose, stressors such as Work Relationship, Work-Life Balance, Overload, Job Security, Control, Resources and Communication, Aspect of the Job, and Pay and Benefit were measured by using An Organisational Stress Screening Tool. Meanwhile, job burnout, represented by Emotional Exhaustion, Cynicism and Professional Efficacy was adopted from Maslach’s Burnout Inventory General Survey. A total of 150 samples were collected from Majlis Amanah Rakyat entrepreneurs in the Klang Valley. Results showed that stressors such as Work Relationship, Work-Life Balance, Overload, Aspects of the Job and Pay and Benefit significantly predicted Emotional Exhaustion. Meanwhile, Overload, Control, as well as Resources and Communication significantly influenced Cynicism. Finally, Overload and Resources and Communication significantly predicted reduced Professional Efficacy. Implications of these findings are also discussed.
The Relationship between Foreign Trade and Economic Growth in Turkey

One of the indicators of growth is foreign trade. It has been commonly accepted by most of the economists that international goods and service movement brings out a positive impact upon the growth, increasing the production per capita. The objective of this study is to assess the relations of causality between import, export, and economic growth. The research includes the data dated between 1974 and 2011, obtained from the World Development Indicator database. Toda and Yamamoto (1995) causality analysis has been applied to the data. Related to the results of this study, a bidirectional significant relation has been identified between export and GDP while unidirectional significant relations have been noted with the trend from GDP to import and from import to export. Nevertheless, there is not any significant relation on the opposite trend from import to GDP, or from export to import. ___________________________________________________________________________________
The Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Protein 21 Cytoplasmic Expression Depressing the Apoptosis of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell

AIMS: To investigate the cytoplasmic P21 expression regulating the apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cell. MOTHEDS: The relationship of the cytoplasmic P21 expression with the apoptosis of 16HBE cells was studied after the plasmid pEGFP-N1-P21 was transfected into the 16HBE cells. After the 16HBE cells was the stimulated by the TGF-β1, the cytoplasmic and nucleic P21 expression and the apoptosis of 16HBE cell was detected, then the relationship of the P21 expression with the apoptosis of 16HBE cells was studied. RESULTS: The 16HBE cell had the basic low cytoplasmic and mainly high nucleic P21 protein expression, the plasmid PEGFP-N1-P21 could express P21 protein only in the cytoplasm of 16HBE cell and did not affect the nucleic P21 protein level. The apoptosis of 16HBE cells after transfection of the PEGFP-N1-P21 decreased. The apoptosis of 16HBE cells decreased as the time of the PEGFP-N1-P21 transfection increased, but the apoptosis of 16HBE cells increased without the PEGFP-N1-P21 transfection. The stimulation by TGF-β1 led to the expression of the cytoplasmic and nucleic P21 proteins, but mainly the cytoplasmic P21 protein expression, as the stimulation concentration of TGF-β1 increased, the cytoplasmic P21 expression decreased, but the nucleic P21 did not change. The apoptosis of 16HBE cells increased as the cytoplasmic P21 expression decreased after the concentration of TGF-β1 stimulation increased. CONCLUSIONS: The apoptosis of 16HBE cell was inhibited by the high cytoplasmic P21 expression through the transfection of PEGFP-N1-P21. TGF-β1 stimulation promoted the apoptosis of 16HBE cell by inhibiting the cytoplasmic P21 expression. The cytoplasmic P21 expression depresses the apoptosis of 16HBE cells.
Remote sensing & Geo-informatics technology in evaluation of forest tree diversity

Plant diversity encompasses several community attributes. Preservation of plant diversity and understanding its status is therefore imperative. Evaluations of Indices such as Shannon-Weiner, Margalef and others are local measures. Scaling them at larger scale is subtle. However, as tools for sustainable management the inclusion of Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies has provided a means to characterize such estimations on wider scale. An attempt not only to evaluate different indices but also to interpolate one of such index on larger area using RS-GIS tool has been made in this paper. Village wise spatial display of diversity indices generated can serve as a good input for forest planners. In addition, the species diversity map generated using kriging method proved useful in understanding the diversity status on a wider scale. Accuracy testing showed the outputs generated to be 65-75% accurate at 85% confidence level.
Strength Of Binary Blended Cement Composites Containing Oil Palm Bunch Ash

This work investigated the strength characteristics of binary blended cement composites made with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Oil Palm Bunch Ash (OPBA). 105 concrete cubes and 105 sandcrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were produced at percentage OPC replacement with OPBA of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% and crushed to obtain their compressive strengths at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 50, and 90 days of curing. The 3-21 day compressive strength values of OPC-OPBA binary blended cement concrete were found to be much lower than the control values; the 28-50 day strengths were comparable to the control values; while the 50-90 day strengths were higher than the control values especially at 5-10% replacements of OPC with OPBA, ranging from 24.30N/mm 2 for 10% replacement of OPC to 25.70N/mm 2 for 5% replacement of OPC compared with the control value of 23.60N/mm 2 . This same trend was observed for OPC-OPBA binary blended cement sandcrete. The variation in density was not significant. Mathematical models were developed for predicting compressive strengths of OPC-OPBA binary blended cement composites using polynomial regression analysis. The model values of compressive strengths obtained from the various model equations were found to be either exactly the same as those of the equivalent laboratory values or very close to them, especially at ages 28-90 days, with percentage differences ranging from 0 to 0.05. Thus, OPC-OPBA binary blended cement composites would be good for civil engineering works and the developed model equations can be easily used to estimate their strengths for various curing ages and percentage OPC replacement with OPBA.
Improving Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Pedestrian Detection

— In this paper, we proposed a pedestrian detection system based on Hog Transform Using Open CV for smart vehicles. Two SVM classifiers on Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features are used to precisely locate pedestrians on the ROI. Experiments report over 30 time’s higher speed than the state-of-the-art method and a comparable detection rate.
Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical Adaptations of the Avian Alimentary Canal to Their Food Habits: II- Elanus caeruleus

These This study was the second in a series of studies aiming at establishing a connection between the food habits of aves and the anatomical, histological and histochemical structures of their alimentary tract. In this study, the gross anatomy, histology and histochemistry of the digestive system of the black -winged kite, Elanus caeruleus, a carnivorous bird, have been investigated. This study has revealed that, the oesophagus was relatively long with poorly developed crop; the simple stomach is differentiated into a glandular proventriculus and a muscular ventritculus or gizzard. The small intestine is divided into duodenum, and ileum. The large intestine contains a very small pair of ceca called, lymphoid ceca and a short rectum. The internal mucous glands of the oesophagus keep the surface of the tube moist and slimy and thereby facilitate the passage of the food. The differences in the proventriculus structure may also be related to diet. The present study revealed that the alimentary tract shows the usual four laminae; serosa, musculosa, submucosa and mucosa. The oesophageal mucosa is thrown into numerous longitudinal folds. The mucosa of the oesophagus is lined with stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. The oesphageal glands were of the simple tubule alveolar type. The proventricular mucosa is thrown into numerous folds of different depths which are lined by simple columnar epithelium. The proventricular glands were simple tubular to simple branched tubular glands. A thin layer of gastric keratinoid material is found in the ventriculus. The goblet cells gradually increase in frequency from the duodenum to the rectum. The lamina propria contains diffuse lymphatic tissue and the muscularis mucosa is well developed, and extends into the stroma of the villi. Also, the histochemical studies revealed that PAS positive matter was found in the entire alimentary tract. The oesophageal glands have acid mucopolysaccharide secretions. While gastric glands of stomach, the thin koilin layer, the goblet cells and crypts of Lieberkühn have acid and neutral mucopolysaccharide secretions. Proteins and nucleic acid was observed in the different regions of the alimentary canal.
Current Approach to Bovine Respiratory Disease

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is a multi-factorial disease, usually resulting from the interaction of bacterial and viral agents, combined with stress factors [1] such as weaning, transportation, pooling of cattle from multiple sources, dusty conditions, parasitism, concurrent diseases and weather extremes and environmental factors ultimately resulting in bronchopneumonia [2,3]. The viral pathogens associated with BRD include bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), parainfluenza3virus (PI3), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). In addition, bacterial pathogens associated with BRD are Mannheimiahaemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, Pasteurellamultocida and Histophilussomni [3].
Contribution of zinc and phosphorus on yield phosphorus and zinc content in aman rice and distribution in post-harvest soil

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of phosphorus and zinc on yield, phosphorus and zinc content in rice as well as P distribution in post harvest soil, on a silty loam soil of Sonatola series (Non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain Soil) at Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm. There were 3 levels of P (0, 25 and 50 kg ha-I from TSP) and 4 levels of Zn (0,5,10 and 20kg Zn ha-1 from zinc sulphate) along with basal doses of 100 kg N ha-1 from urea, 40 kg K20 ha-1 from mediate of potash and 12 kg S ha-1 from gypsum. The single and interaction effect of P and Zn had significant positive effect on the grain and straw yield. The highest grain yield (5.97 t ha-l) and straw yield (11.50 t ha-1) were obtained from Zn10 P50 treatment. Phosphorus application significantly increased the P content in grain and straw but zinc content significantly decreased while effect of zinc significantly decreased the P content in grain and straw but increased the Zn content. The highest amount of P content in grain and straw were 0.35% and 0.140% respectively obtained from Zn0 P50 treatment whereas the zinc content in grain and straw were 32.8 ppm and 50.60 ppm respectively obtained from Zn20 P0 treatment. The availability of phosphorus gradually increased with the increasing levels of P and decreased with the increasing levels of Zn. The maximum water-soluble P (4.5mgkg-1) and labile P (1.8 mgkg-I) were obtained from Zn0 P50 treatment. The application of P and Zn gradually increased the Al-Fe-P, Mg/Ca-P and Total P with the increasing levels of P and Zn. The highest amount of Al/Fe-P, Mg/Ca­P and Total-P were obtained from Zn20 and P50 treatment. The combined application of P and Zn increased the grain and straw yield but decreased P and Zn content and availability of P to from Al/Fe-P and Mg/Ca-P as a result of Zn-P interaction in soil solution.
Application of point of care transthoracic echocardiography in parturient with peripartum cardiomyopathy undergoing lower segmental cesarean section- 2 cases report

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is one form of life-threatening dilated cardiomyopathy which occurs in previously healthy women in the final months of pregnancy and up to 5 months after delivery. The etiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy remains poorly understood but inflammation or virusmediated autoimmune reaction to myocardial cells was proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Obstetric management for those parturients requires communication and careful planning between obstetrics, cardiology and anesthesiology. Case presentation: The first case is a 22-year-old woman presented as gravida 1, para 0, at 38+4 weeks of gestation with the deterioration of dyspnea on exertion and palpitation over the past several days. According to TTE report from cardiac based echocardiography unit, there was a decline in systolic function manifested by overall global wall motion abnormality with EF only 28%. In the second case, A 44-year-old pregnant woman presented at the same hospital with progressing shortness of breath, chest pain and faintness which was diagnose peripartum cardiomyopathy also. Conclusion: The application of point of care echocardiography might have a beneficial impact on the selection of anesthesia and maintaining the hemodynamic stability of the parturient with peripartum cardiomyopathy undergoing cesarean section. This paper reported two parturients suffering from peripartum cardiomyopathy with acute heart failure undergoing lower segmental cesarean section uneventfully throughout the perioperative period under the guidance of point of care transthoracic echocardiography.
“MANMADE WETLANDS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TEXTILE

Constructed Wetlands (CW) are engineered wastewater treatment systems filled with porous media and planted with emergent wetland plants. The aim of this study was to analyze the phytoremoval effectiveness by Typha angustata and Phragmites australis to treat Textile industry effluent in CW systems as vertical flow subsurface treatment. Local wetland soil CW showed significant improvement in all parameters. Phragmites australis gave 99.74% reduction in COD and BOD and Ammonical Nitrogen were not detected whereas organic Nitrogen was 54.54% removed from the effluent. Treatment using Typha angustata reduces COD 90.82% and 70.17% BOD while Ammonical Nitrogen and organic Nitrogen were reduced 54.54% and 47.07% respectively. The results were also statistically verified using one way ANOVA and 2 tailed t-test Analysis. The study shows that Textile industry effluents treated in vertical flow subsurface wetland with Phragmites australis gives best reduction in all the parameters of water with retention time of 7HRT.
Phytochemical investigations of in vitro propagated plant Taxus wallichiana Zucc. An endangered anticancer medicinal plant of Indian origin

Kuntal Das, Raman Dang, Nagesh Ghanshala* and P.E. Rajasekharan** Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Chikka Bellandur, Carmelaram Post, Varthur Hobli, Bangalore-560035, Karnataka, India *Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur Main Road, Bangalore-560027, Karnataka, India **Principal Scientist, Division of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560089, Karnataka, India
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM LIPID PROFILE AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Background: Alteration in the plasma lipid profile has been associated with a variety of cancers and precancerous conditions of oral cavity. Low levels of lipids serves as a marker and prognostic indicator in the early detection of oral precancerous and cancerous conditions. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the alteration in plasma lipid profile in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. Materials And Methods: A total of 120 patients were included in the study, 60 with Oral SCC and 60 healthy controls. Fasting plasma lipid profile including Total Cholesterol (TC), Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) and Tri-Glycerides (TG) were measured using automatic analyser. The data obtained were analysed using independent sample 't' test. Results: There was statistically significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL and HDL observed in patients with Oral SCC as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The low lipid levels associated with Oral SCC indicates that there is inverse relationship between oral cancer and serum lipid profile. Decrease in the lipid levels may be considered as a useful biochemical marker in the early diagnosis of oral malignancy.
Mechanical Signaling in NF1 Osteoblast Cell

Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) syndrome is characterized by neurofibromas and neural tumors but is also associated with skeletal abnormalities. The cellular pathophysiology of skeletal abnormalities in NF1 is not understood. These abnormalities result from constitutive active RAS and its downstream effectors, RASERK pathway, due to mutation of NF1 gene which converts active RAS-GTP into inactive RAS-GDP. In osteoblast cells, RAS-ERK pathway is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation and is also involved in mechanical signals transduction. In this study, we propose that Nf1 mutation in osteoblast cells will affect the response to mechanical stimulation through the RAS pathway. The Flexcell tension system was used to mechanically stimulate calvarial osteoblast precursor from conditional knockout mice, Nf1(ob-/-), and wild type calvarial osteoblast precursor cells, (WT. The protocol of cyclic mechanical strain was 2% to 4% elongation at 0.16 Hz (10 cycles per minute) for 24 h. Mechanically stimulated cells showed lower expression levels of the osteoblast marker gene, RUNX2, measured at 4 h and 8 h post-stretch. Mineralized matrix deposition, assessed by Alizarin red staining, was decreased in Nf1(ob-/-) compared to (WT) cells following mechanical stimulation. the Nf1(ob-/-) and WT osteoblast precursor cells were then treated with RAS inhibitor (FTI-277), for 4 h and 8 h. RUNX2 expression level was increased in Nf1(ob-/-) cells compared to non-treated cells. However, the opposite result was seen in (WT) cells. The FTI-277 treatment resulted in lower RUNX2 expression level and lower mineralized matrix deposition. This response of (WT) cells was normal. However, the Nf1(ob-/-) response showed that these cells although they have hyper-active RAS, but when it is exposed to stress, it loses its ability to express osteoblast markers or lay down mineralized matrix. Our results indicate that, the hyperactive RAS in NF1 mutant osteoblast will result in cells being stuck in proliferative state and unable to differentiate.
ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE: INCIDENCE AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CENTRE IN ABUJA, NIGERIA: A 4 YEAR REVIEW

Background: Abruptio placentae remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality globally with poorer outcomes in developing countries like Nigeria. Even though most of its risk factors are known, the incidence remains high in most centres especially in developing countries. Objectives: To determine the incidence and the feto-maternal outcome of pregnancies complicated by abruptio placentae in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. Study design: Retrospective study of pregnancies complicated by abruptio placentae at University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2014. Results: A total of 95 cases of abruptio placentae were recorded out of 8,475 cases admitted for delivery during the study period, giving an incidence rate of 1.1%. The major foetal complications were intrauterine foetal deaths (41.1%), birth asphyxia (24.2%) and low birth weight (46.3%). The maternal complications were anaemia (53.4%), postpartum hemorrhage (38.4%), blood transfusion (50.6%), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) (6.8%) and acute kidney injury (1.4%). No maternal mortality occurred due to abruptio placentae during the study period. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of abruptio placentae in our setting. The major foetal outcome was intrauterine foetal death, and the major maternal complications were anaemia and postpartum haemorrhage with consequent high transfusion rates.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BIO-DIESEL ON ELECTRONIC DIRECT FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract In the present scenario bio-diesels have received a lot of attention as an alternate vehicular fuel. But the properties of bio-diesels are not the same as diesel fuels especially their high viscosity and low volatility. Also the bio-diesels have very poor atomization characteristics due to decreased cone angle during fuel injection.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ULTRA LOW DOSE OF INTERMITTENT EPIDURAL BUPIVACAINE WITH BUTORPHANOL VS BUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL FOR AMBULATORY LABOUR ANALGESIA

IntroductionWe used epidural butorphanol or fentanyl in combination with bupivacaine to establish their efficacy on labour pain, delivery, maternal satisfaction and neonatal outcome. MethodThe study was conducted on 50 full term pregnant women of ASA grade I & II with spontaneous onset of labour who gave consent for lumbar epidural analgesia with catheter technique. The study was undertaken after approval of Institutional Ethical Committee. The parturient were randomly allocated into two groupsGroup A & B of 25 each. Group A patients received 0.5 mg(0.5 mL) butorphanol with 11.5 mL of 0.0625% bupivacaine and Group B patients received 25 mcg fentanyl(0.5 mL) with 11.5 mL of 0.0625% bupivacaine(total volume 12 mL in each group). All patients were monitored for progress of labour, duration of analgesia, maternal well being, neonatal outcome, side effects and maternal satisfaction at 15, 30, 60, 90 minutes interval. ResultPulse rate, SpO2, blood pressure was stable in all patients. Combination of butorphanol with bupivacaine resulted better or equal analgesia than fentanyl with bupivacaine with minimal side effects. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 4, Issue 10, 436-443. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 31 July 2015, Revised on 20 Aug 2015, Accepted on 09 Sep 2015 *Correspondence for Author Dr. Kalpana Singh India.