Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a tissue oxygenation monitor and verification on human skin

We report the design of a tissue oxygen and temperature monitor. The non-invasive, fibre based device monitors tissue haemoglobin (Hb) and oxygen saturation (SO2) and is based on white-light reflectance spectroscopy.Visible light with wavelengths in the 500 - 650nm range is utilized. The spectroscopic algorithm takes into account the tissue scattering and melanin absorption for the calculation of tissue haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation. The monitor can probe superficial layers of tissue with a high spatial resolution (mm3) and a high temporal resolution (40 Hz). It provides an accurate measurement with the accuracy of SO2 at 2 % and high reliability with less than 2 % variation of continuous SO2 measurement over 12 hours. It can also form a modular system when used in conjunction with a laser Doppler monitor, enabling simultaneous measurements of Hb, SO2 and blood flow. We found experimentally that the influence of the source-detector separation on the haemoglobin parameters is small. This finding is discussed by Monte Carlo simulations for the depth sensitivity profile. The influence of probe pressure and the skin pigmentation on the measurement parameters are assessed before in vivo experimental data is presented. The combination with laser Doppler flowmetry demonstrates the importance of a measurement of both the haemoglobin and the blood flow parameters for a full description of blood tissue perfusion. This is discussed in experimental data on human skin during cuff occlusion and after hyperemisation by a pharmacological cream. Strong correlation is observed between tissue oxygen (Hb and SO2) and blood flow measurements.
Data architecture and model design for Industry 4.0 components integration in cyber-physical production systems

In the context of Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) and digital twins are key technologies for the management of huge amount of data generated by Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) devices. However, the interoperability and flexibility of different components is still an important challenge so as to integrate them in the process and fit all industrial specific needs. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to propose a database architecture and a data model associated allowing multiple agents to work collaboratively and synchronously to perform high-level tasks. Therefore, it fulfils requirements and needs of Industry 4.0: interoperability, scalability, flexibility and resilience. The proposed architecture and model are implemented on a cyber-physical production system (CPPS) which is used in order to show and discuss several use cases examples.
Influences of Atmospheric Rivers on North Pacific Winter Precipitation: Climatology and Dependence on ENSO Condition

The atmospheric river (AR) is a unique mover of moisture from the low latitudes to mid- and high latitudes and a potential cause for regional flooding. This study explores the ARs’ influence on wintertime precipitation (including extreme precipitation) over the pan-North Pacific during 1996–2018 from the climatological perspective and during the ENSO condition, via distinguishing precipitation and moisture transport between the AR-group and the non-AR-group. Climatologically, the AR-group contributes 30%–45% of total winter precipitation, and up to 70% of total extreme precipitation over the eastern Pacific and along the North American west coast between 25° and 45°N. The above area is the core region of the ARs’ influence on precipitation. The AR-group’s precipitation in the core region is mostly determined by AR-produced in situ moisture convergence, while the non-AR-group’s precipitation is attributed to evaporation from Earth’s surface. The AR frequency is increased (decreased) in the core region during El Niño (La Niña) winters. As a result, the AR-group contributes more than half of the positive (negative) anomalies in total precipitation in the core region, due to AR-related moisture convergence anomalies. Besides, during El Niño winters, the AR-group also contributes almost half of negative anomalies in total precipitation over the middle basin between 40° and 55°N. An anomalous moisture sink (source) always acts to increase (decrease) in situ precipitation for both the AR-group and the non-AR-group. It is also shown that the moisture transport and its divergence anomalies are primarily decided by changes in wind fields and second by moisture. Furthermore, changes in moisture can cause asymmetric features of anomalies in moisture transport and its divergence between El Niño and La Niña but with limited effects.
Local and Moment Magnitude Analysis in the Ridgecrest Region, California: Impact on Interevent Ground-Motion Variability

We investigate the dependence of event-specific ground-motion residuals in the Ridgecrest region, California. We focus on the impact of using either local (ML) or moment (Mw) magnitude, for describing the source scaling of a regional ground-motion model. To analyze homogeneous Mw, we compute the source spectra of about 2000 earthquakes in the magnitude range 2.5–7.1, by performing a nonparametric spectral decomposition. Seismic moments and corner frequencies are derived from the best-fit ω−2 source models, and stress drop is computed assuming standard circular rupture model. The Brune stress drop varies between 0.62 and 24.63 MPa (with median equal to 3.0 MPa), and values for Mw>5 are mostly distributed above the 90th percentile. The median scaled energy for Mw<5 is −4.57, and the low values obtained for the Mw 6.4 and 7.1 mainshocks (−5 and −5.2, respectively) agree with previous studies. We calibrate an ad hoc nonparametric ML scale for the Ridgecrest region. The main differences with the standard ML scale for California are observed at distances between 30 and 100 km, in which differences up to 0.4 magnitude units are obtained. Finally, we calibrate ground-motion models for the Fourier amplitude spectra, considering the ML and Mw scales derived in this study and the magnitudes extracted from Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog. The analysis of the residuals shows that ML better describes the interevent variability above 2 Hz. At intermediate frequencies (between about 3 and 8 Hz), the interevent residuals for the model based on Mw show a correlation with stress drop: this correlation disappears, when ML is used. The choice of the magnitude scale has an impact also on the statistical uncertainty of the median model: for any fixed magnitude value, the epistemic uncertainty is larger for ML below 1.5 Hz and larger for Mw above 1.5 Hz.
Pressure-induced phase transition and structural properties of CrO2

The structural properties and pressure-induced phase transitions of CrO2 have been investigated using the pseudopotential plane-wave method based on the density functional theory (DFT). The rutile-type (P42/mnm), CaCl2-type (Pnnm), pyrite-type (Pā3), and CaF2-type (Fm-3m) phases of CrO2 have been considered. The structural properties such as lattice parameters, bulk moduli and its pressure derivative are consistent with the available experimental data. The second-order phase-transition pressure of CrO2 from the rutile phase to CaCl2 phase is 10.9 GPa, which is in good agreement with the experimental result. The sequence of these phases is rutile-type → CaCl2-type → pyrite-type → CaF2-type with the phase-transition pressures 10.9, 23.9, and 144.5 GPa, respectively. The equation of state of different phases has also been presented. It is more difficult to compress with the increase of pressure for different phases of CrO2.
Effects of Aluminum Foam Filling on Compressive Strength and Energy Absorption of Metallic Y-Shape Cored Sandwich Panel

The design of lightweight sandwich structures with high specific strength and energy absorption capability is valuable for weight sensitive applications. A novel all-metallic foam-filled Y-shape cored sandwich panel was designed and fabricated by using aluminum foam as filling material to prevent core member buckling. Experimental and numerical investigation of out-of-plane compressive loading was carried out on aluminum foam-filled Y-shape sandwich panels to study their compressive properties as well as on empty panels for comparison. The results show that due to aluminum foam filling, the specific structural stiffness, strength, and energy absorption of the Y-shape cored sandwich panel increased noticeably. For the foam-filled panel, aluminum foam can supply sufficient lateral support to the corrugated core and vertical leg of the Y-shaped core and causes a much more complicated deformation mode, which cannot occur in the empty panel. The complicated deformation mode leads to an obvious coupling effect, with the stress–strain curve of the foam-filled panel much higher than those of the empty panel and aluminum foam, which were tested separately. Metallic foam filling is an effective method to increase the specific strength and energy absorption of sandwich structures with lattice cores, making it competitive in load carrying and energy absorption applications.
Multiple Viral Co-infections in a Pediatric Patient of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) - An Unique Case Report

The occurrence of viral co-infection is always a challenging issue in pediatrics which indicates underestimation of causal viral pathogens. A 6-year-old girl child from Patna had diagnosed a rare case of multi-viral co-infection in February 2020. She was manifested with oblivion along with highCase Study Kumar et al.; IJTDH, 41(19): 22-27, 2020; Article no.IJTDH. 62997 23 grade fever, weakness, nasal bleed, headache, and body ache. She had altered sensorium with mildly dilated pupils. Her three classical meningeal sign i.e. Kernig's sign, Brudzinski's sign, and nuchal rigidity were found positive. She clinically investigated with a strong suspicion of viral infectivity. Awfully, she was diagnosed with multi-viral co-infection including Japanese Encephalitis, Dengue, Chikungunya, Cytomegalovirus, and Rubella where as HSV and VZV detected borderline. The IgM detection for JE using the CSF sample was found equivocal. The infection was also confirmed by CECT brain scanning. She got proper medication including antiemetic, antipyretic, antiepileptic drugs, antibiotics, anti-viral drugs, and 20% Mannitol for reducing the intra cranial pressure. After medication under proper clinical supervision, she improved completely with any seizures and viral infections. She advised for follow-up after a month. Such occurrences of multiviral co-infections deserve proper attention and awareness among the healthcare experts about the severity of drugs.
Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Berpendekatan Socioscientific Issue Terhadap Sikap Peduli Lingkungan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berpendekatan socioscientific issue terhadap sikap peduli lingkungan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi minyak bumi di MAN 2 Rembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dan menggunakan desain penelitian noneqivalent control group design. Teknik pengumpulan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling, didapatkan dua kelas sampel yaitu kelas eksperimen (XI MIPA 1) dan kelas kontrol (XI MIPA 2). Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata, uji efektivitas variabel, dan uji korelasi antar variabel. Hasil penelitian diperoleh peningkatan rata-rata sikap peduli lingkungan dan hasil belajar kelas ekperimen 43,04 dan 44,74 sedangkan kelas kontrol 26,23 dan 24,38. Uji efektivitas variabel menghasilkan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < nilai probabilitas 0,05 untuk sikap peduli lingkungan dan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < nilai probabilitas 0,05 untuk hasil belajar. Uji korelasi antar variabel menghasilkan nilai rxy = 0,617 dan dinyatakan signifikan dengan korelasi cukup kuat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berpendekatan socioscientific issue efektif digunakan pada pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan sikap peduli lingkungan dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi minyak bumi di MAN 2 Rembang.
First reported cases of linezolid-resistant vancomycin-resistant enterococci in South-East Asia: A report of three cases and literature review

Infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have limited treatment options, with linezolid the mainstay of therapy. The emergence of linezolid-resistant vancomycin-resistant enterococci (LRVRE) further restricts the therapeutic options. LRVRE isolated from clinical specimen have not previously been reported in South-East Asia. Here, we report three clinical cases of LRVRE from a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Three isolates of Enterococcus faecium were isolated from three different patients. These isolates were determined to be resistant to both vancomycin and linezolid by Etest gradient diffusion test and Vitek2 automated antibiotic susceptibility testing, respectively. Retrospective analysis of the microbiological and clinical data of the three patients was undertaken. LRVRE were isolated from from tissue and peritoneal fluid of two patients who underwent complicated abdominal surgery. Another patient with underlying acute lymphoblastic leukaemia developed neutropenia following chemotherapy. LRVRE were isolated from the blood culture. All three patients were not treated with linezolid. The possible risk factors for LRVRE acquisition are administration of multiple broad-spectrum antimicrobials and disruption of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The appearance of LRVRE in increasingly widespread geographic locations may lead to a global health threat. Judicious use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and infection-control practices are crucial to curb its spread.
Diversidad genética y estructura poblacional en bovinos colombianos casanareño a través de marcadores moleculares microsatélites

Knowledge of population structure, genetic variability and introgression of foreign breeds is crucial to focus efforts for the conservation of indigenous genetic resources. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of six Casanareno populations cattle using 11 microsatellite markers. Blood samples were obtained from 212 unrelated individuals which were amplified by PCR and analyzed. We observed a total of 156 alleles with a polymorphic information content average of 0.742, which shows that the panel used was very informative. The observed heterozygosity estimates varied from 0.788 in MF to 0.690 in CY. There was a deficit of heterozygous individuals in the general population (FIS = 0.059) caused by high consanguinity and the proportion of the genetic variance due to the differences between the different subpopulations was 4%. Both the Bayesian grouping analysis and the phylogenetic tree showed a reliable clustering pattern, which revealed two main clusters in Casanareno cattle which can be the result of geographical isolation, reproductive practices and absorption to zebu breeds. Four out of six subpopulations presented effective population sizes below the critical level defined by the FAO of 50 individuals, so it is recommended to form a conservation nucleus of the Casanareno breed with a well-defined mating scheme to minimize consanguinity and the intensive use of few males to maintain genetic diversity and prevent the breed from becoming extinct.
Navegação Visual Autônoma de um Veículo Terrestre em Escala Reduzida

Este artigo propõe e apresenta simulações de um sistema de navegação visual autônoma para um veículo diferencial com quatro rodas em escala reduzida. O sistema de navegação é composto por: 1) um controlador de seguimento de faixa que processa a imagem de uma câmera embarcada no veículo para corrigir sua orientação e velocidade, 2) um algoritmo de localização do veículo que usa filtro de Kalman para estimar a pose do veículo (posição e orientação) usando dados de um receptor GNSS RTK, uma bússola digital e sensores de odometria. Foram investigadas e comparadas três possíveis soluções para o controlador de manutenção de faixa. A primeira solução usa uma abordagem com algoritmo de janelas deslizantes para processar a imagem da câmera embarcada, extrair a distância do veículo para o centro da faixa e o seu raio de curvatura. Um controlador proporcional _e utilizado, então, para calcular a velocidade desejada para as rodas do veículo. A segunda solução usa uma rede neural convolucional profunda para imitar a primeira solução, isso é, a rede neural recebe a imagem da câmera como entrada e é treinada para gerar a mesma saída que o controlador proporcional usado na primeira solução. A terceira solução também aplica uma rede neural convolucional profunda, mas a rede é treinada usando dados gravados quando um motorista humano dirigiu o veículo no mesmo ambiente simulado. Todas as três soluções foram capazes de manter o veículo em uma margem de erro aceitável da trajetória desejada.
Analysis, Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Single Switch Power Amplifier for Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) system

Active Magnetic Bearing is the advancement of habitual technology and is used to increase the rotational speed. AMB is using power electronics drives, which is the key features of this technology. In this paper, a simple and cheap converter with reduced switch is simulated and implemented in hardware for the validation of simulation result is presented. The principle of the active magnetic bearing and power amplifier is introduced and the generation of pulse is also described. Then, result of simulation and hardware output is compared. Based on the output of hardware setup simulation result is validated. With the help of this amplifier cheapest and better control for active magnetic bearing can be achieved.
Assessing the Spatiotemporal Uncertainties in Future Meteorological Droughts from CMIP5 Models, Emission Scenarios, and Bias Corrections

Drought projections are accompanied with large uncertainties due to varying estimates of future warming scenarios from different modeling and forcing data. Using the standardized precipitation index (SPI), this study presents a global assessment of uncertainties in drought characteristics (severity S and frequency Df) projections based on the simulations of 28 general circulation models (GCMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). A hierarchical framework incorporating a variance-based global sensitivity analysis was developed to quantify the uncertainties in drought characteristics projections at various spatial (global and regional) and temporal (decadal and 30-yr) scales due to 28 GCMs, three representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5), and two bias-correction (BC) methods. The results indicated that the largest uncertainty contribution in the globally projected S and Df is from the GCM uncertainty (>60%), followed by BC (<35%) and RCP (<16%) uncertainty. Spatially, BC reduces the spreads among GCMs particularly in Northern Hemisphere (NH), leading to smaller GCM uncertainty in the NH than the Southern Hemisphere (SH). In contrast, the BC and RCP uncertainties are larger in the NH than the SH, and the BC uncertainty can be larger than GCM uncertainty for some regions (e.g., southwest Asia). At the decadal and 30-yr time scales, the contributions for three uncertainty sources show larger variability in S than Df projections, especially in the SH. The GCM and BC uncertainties show overall decreasing trends with time, while the RCP uncertainty is expected to increase over time and even can be larger than BC uncertainty for some regions (e.g., northern Asia) by the end of this century.
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding strategy to fabricate mechanically strong hydrogels with high elasticity and fatigue resistance

The need for high strength hydrogels in load bearing applications has motivated an effort to improve the mechanical properties of these soft and wet materials. However, hydrogels with high strength, excellent elasticity and fatigue resistance are rarely reported. In this study, we fabricated hydrogels with excellent comprehensive mechanical performances by copolymerization of 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (VDT) and chain length modulable polyethylene glycol diacrylates (PEGDA). The intermolecular hydrogen bonding effects from diaminotriazine were shown to increase both the tensile and compressive strengths of the gels up to MPa levels, and longer PEG chains could increase the gel's elongation to over 700%. The stress-softening phenomenon did not appear until the VDT content in all the hydrogels was above 50 wt%. PEG35K-PVDT gel containing 93 wt% water was able to resist car pressing and retain excellent fatigue resistance during 20 000 cycles of compression due to hydrogen bonding reinforcing effect and effective energy dissipation of flexible polyethylene glycol chains. These high strength and elastic hydrogels with antifatigue ability may serve as soft tissue engineering scaffolds.
Moderate to severe leukocytosis with vasopressor use is associated with increased mortality in trauma patients

Background Leukocytosis is a rise in white blood cell (WBC) count and clinical outcomes of moderate to severe leukocytosis in trauma patients have not been described. We hypothesized that trauma patients with severe leukocytosis (SL; ≥40.0 × 109 leukocytes/L) have higher rates of in-hospital complications and mortality than those with moderate leukocytosis (ML; 25.0–39 × 109 leukocytes/L). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis (2010-2017) on trauma patients developing ML or SL at a single Level-I trauma center. A multivariable logistic regression analysis for risk factors were performed. Results From 15,807 trauma admissions, 332 (2.1%) had ML or SL. Of these, 308 (92.8%) were ML and 24 (7.2%) were SL. Patients with ML and SL reached their peak WBC count in 1 and 10 days after admission respectively (p < 0.001). SL patients suffered higher rates of in-hospital complications (p < 0.05) and mortality compared to those without ML or SL (14.5% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001). Between ML and SL, mortality rates rose with leukocytosis severity (13.3% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.03). Among all patients with ML or SL, vasopressor use was the strongest independent risk factor for mortality (OR 12.61, p < 0.001). Conclusion Clinicians should be weary of the increased mortality rates and in-hospital complications in SL patients. Among patients with ML or SL, vasopressor use, rather than SL, was the strongest predictor of mortality. Patients with ML had a quicker time course to peak leukocytosis compared to SL, suggesting these two entities to be distinct in etiology and outcome, warranting future research.