Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated With School Bullying Behaviors: A Chinese Adolescents Case-Control Study, 2019

This research aimed to identify risk factors including individual characteristics and environment circumstances related to different types of school bullying (physical, relational, verbal, sexual, and possession bullying) among middle school students in China. Cases were the respondents reporting perpetrating bullying behaviors three or more times in the past year. One control was selected for each case from those participants who were not involved in school bullying in the past 12 months. Data were collected between April 2019 and May 2019 in China. After considering potential confounding variables including gender, grade level, and school, multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was performed based on the univariate logistic analysis including 1,594 adolescents. According to conditional logistic regression analysis, alcohol use and lack of emotional management and control were the significant individual characteristics positively associated with involvement in school bullying. Alcohol use was related to all five types of school bullying perpetration. Poor relationships between family members, father’s alcohol use, and parental neglect were strong risk factors for relational bullying. Lack of a sense of safety and absence of trusted people were associated with physical, relational, and verbal bullying perpetration. Results of this study provide evidence about risk factors for school bullying and have implications for potential policies to reduce bullying. Effective policies and programs need to take individual characteristics (social-emotional skills, anger control), family (parent training in conflict resolution, appropriate disciplining), peer and school factors (promoting prosocial networks, zero tolerance for bullying, appropriate disciplining policies against students who bully others, teacher training on building positive teacher–student relationships and positive discipling techniques) into consideration in order to develop effective prevention programs.
AN-Aided Secure Beamforming in SWIPT-Aware Mobile Edge Computing Systems with Cognitive Radio

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) becomes more and more popular in cognitive radio (CR) networks, as it can increase the resource reuse rate of the system and extend the user’s lifetime. Due to the deployment of energy harvesting nodes, traditional secure beamforming designs are not suitable for SWIPT-enabled CR networks as the power control and energy allocation should be considered. To address this problem, a dedicated green edge power grid is built to realize energy sharing between the primary base stations (PBSs) and cognitive base stations (CBSs) in SWIPT-enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) systems with CR. The energy and computing resource optimal allocation problem is formulated under the constraints of security, energy harvesting, power transfer, and tolerable interference. As the problem is nonconvex with probabilistic constraints, approximations based on generalized Bernstein-type inequalities are adopted to transform the problem into solvable forms. Then, a robust and secure artificial noise- (AN-) aided beamforming algorithm is presented to minimize the total transmit power of the CBS. Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm achieves a close-to-optimal performance. In addition, the robust and secure AN-aided CR based on SWIPT with green energy sharing is shown to require a lower transmit power compared with traditional systems.
Performance of Two Fluorescence-Based Real-Time Bioaerosol Detectors: BioScout vs. UVAPS

A 405 nm diode laser-based on-line bioaerosol detector, BioScout, was tested and compared with the Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UVAPS). Both instruments are based on laser-induced fluorescence of particles. Only a fraction of microbial particles produce enough fluorescence light to be detected by the instruments. This fluorescent particle fraction (FPF) is aerosol and instrument specific. The FPF values for common bacterial and fungal spores and biochemical particles were experimentally determined for both instruments. The BioScout exhibited higher FPF values for all the test aerosols except coenzyme NADH. The difference was higher for smaller particles. The FPF values of fungal spores and bacteria varied between 0.34 to 0.77 and 0.13 to 0.54 for the BioScout and the UVAPS, respectively. The results indicate that the 405 nm diode laser is a useful excitation source for fluorescence-based real-time detection of microbial aerosols. The FPF results of this study can be utilized to estimate the actual concentrations of bacterial and fungal spores in fluorescence-based ambient measurements. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Bibliometric Analysis of Literature Published on Antibacterial Dental Adhesive from 1996–2020

This study aimed to investigate the current state of research on antibacterial dental adhesives. The interest in this field can be drawn from an increasing number of scholarly works in this area. However, there is still a lack of quantitative measurement of this topic. The main aim of this study was to consolidate the research published on the antibacterial adhesive from 1996 to 2020 in Web of Science indexed journals. The bibliometric method, a quantitative study of investigating publishing trends and patterns, was used for this study. The result has shown that a gradual increase in research was found, whereby a substantial increase was observed from 2013. A total of 248 documents were published in 84 journals with total citations of 5107. The highly cited articles were published mainly in Q1 category journals. Most of the published articles were from the USA, China, and other developed countries; however, some developing countries contributed as well. The authorship pattern showed an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach among researchers. The thematic evaluation of keywords along with a three-factor analysis showed that ‘antibacterial adhesives’ and ‘quaternary ammonium’ have been used commonly. This bibliometric analysis can provide direction not only to researchers but also to funding organizations and policymakers.
Health Literacy and Media Literacy: Is There Any Relation?

Background The health information is an important factor for improving people's health behaviors. On the other hand, media literacy plays an important role in the search and selection of valid information and resources about health. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between health literacy and media literacy. Method This study was a cross-sectional study. Random cluster sampling was used to select 700 citizens in Kerman, Iran. Health literacy for Iranian adults’ questionnaire and media literacy questionnaire were used to collect the data. Results Health literacy of 53.2% of the citizens was insufficient. Media literacy of 38.6% of the citizens was moderate and it was high in 61.3%. A significant positive correlation was found between health literacy and media literacy. Conclusion The media literacy was an important determinant factor for health literacy. The development and increase of media literacy can also increase health literacy.
Gastropods as intermediate hosts of Angiostrongylus spp. in the Americas: bioecological characteristics and geographical distribution

BACKGROUND Intermediate hosts are key organisms in maintaining parasite life cycles, because they can act as amplifiers in the transmission from natural reservoirs to humans. One of the most important groups of intermediate hosts for zoonotic nematode infections are gastropods,slugs and snails. These are essential organisms in the larval development of Angiostrongylus species. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to review reports of Angiostrongylus spp. in naturally infected gastropods from the Americas, taking into account the diagnostic methods used in their identification, to be able to provide more accurate list of their intermediate hosts. We also discuss the factors that aid the dispersion of Angiostrongylus spp. in the Americas. METHODS This study reviews scientific publications and book sections on Angiostrongylus spp. in the Americas, including original works assessing larvae of Angiostrongylus in intermediate hosts. The eligible reports were classified accordingly to their geographical location, year of first record, and the larvae identification methodologies used. Digital repositories were used for the search. The bioecological characteristics of the main intermediate hosts are summarised. FINDINGS A total of 29 gastropod species that are naturally infected with Angiostrongylus spp. have been reported as intermediate hosts, 16 of which are land snails, two are freshwater snails, and 11 land slugs. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of integrative studies, analysing both the etiological agent and its transmission dynamic in the environment, the biological and ecological characteristics of the hosts, and the impact on host populations. It is necessary to increase interdisciplinary studies to determine the potential epidemiological health risk of angiostrongyliasis in the Americas, and thus be able to establish prevention, monitoring and contingency strategies in the region.
Band Gap Measurements of Nano-Meter Sized Rutile Thin Films

Thin Titanium films were fabricated on quartz substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering under high vacuum. Subsequent annealing at temperatures of 600 ∘C in air resulted in single-phase TiO2 with the structure of rutile, as X-ray diffraction experiment demonstrates. Atomic-force microscopy images verify the high crystalline quality and allow us to determine the grain size even for ultrathin TiO2 films. Rutile has a direct energy band gap at about 3.0–3.2 eV; however, the transitions between the valence and conduction band are dipole forbidden. Just a few meV above that, there is an indirect band gap. The first intense absorption peak appears at about 4 eV. Tauc plots for the position of the indirect band gap show a “blue shift” with decreasing film thickness. Moreover, we find a similar shift for the position of the first absorbance peak studied by the derivative method. The results indicate the presence of quantum confinement effects. This conclusion is supported by theoretical calculations based on a combination of the effective mass theory and the Hartree Fock approximation.
Confidence intervals for difference in proportions for matched pairs compatible with exact McNemar's or sign tests

For testing with paired data (eg, twins randomized between two treatments), a simple test is the sign test, where we test if the distribution of the sign of the differences in responses between the two treatments within pairs is more often positive (favoring one treatment) or negative (favoring the other). When the responses are binary, this reduces to a McNemar‐type test, and the calculations are the same. Although it is easy to calculate an exact P‐value by conditioning on the total number of discordant pairs, the accompanying confidence interval on a parameter of interest (proportion positive minus proportion negative) is not straightforward. Effect estimates and confidence intervals are important for interpretation because it is possible that the treatment helps a very small proportion of the population yet gives a highly significant effect. We construct a confidence interval that is compatible with an exact sign test, meaning the 100 (1−α)% interval excludes the null hypothesis of equality of proportions if and only if the associated exact sign test rejects at level α . We conjecture that the proposed confidence intervals guarantee nominal coverage, and we support that conjecture with extensive numerical calculations, but we have no mathematical proof to show guaranteed coverage. We have written and made available the function mcnemarExactDP in the exact2x2 R package and the function signTest in the asht R package to perform the methods described in this article.
Peptide Linker Affecting the Activity Retention Rate of VHH in Immunosorbents

VHH-based immunosorbents are an emerging and promising tool for the removal of toxic substances from plasma. However, the small size of VHHs is a double-edged sword, bringing both benefits and drawbacks to the immunosorbent. The small size of the VHH allows a higher coupling density, while the closer distance to the resin might create steric hindrance for paratope access. The latter could be avoided by inserting a linker between the VHH and the gel attachment site. Here, we report an approach to improve the activity retention of the immobilized VHH by selecting suitable linkers between the VHH and the site-specific immobilization site on the resin. Seven peptide linkers differing in length and flexibility were fused to the VHH and contained the formylglycine generating enzyme (FGE) recognition sequence. These constructs were expressed in the cytoplasm of bacteria and purified, the VHH production yield and affinity for its cognate antigen was measured. Furthermore, the fGly conversion, the immobilization of the aldehyde-containing nanobodies, the immobilization on resin and the antigen binding activity of the VHH-based immunoadsorbents was monitored. The VHH with longer and rigid, proline-rich linkers exhibited good expression yield of approximately 160 mg/L of culture, a fGly conversion of up to 100%, and the highest activity retention rate of more than 68%. This study unveiled two suitable linkers for the preparation of VHH-based immunosorbents that will assist the development of their clinical application.
Do Face Masks become Worthless after Only One Use in the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Background Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), world-wide face mask use is increasing exponentially. These face masks are difficult to recycle, and their accumulation contributes to enormous environmental threats. In this study, we hypothesize that the face mask can be reused as long as it retains its original structure, which will slow the environmental impacts. Materials and Methods We selected common disposable surgical masks for this study and classified test conditions based on wear time and reuse method. After wearing the mask for 10 hours, we let it dry naturally in the shade for 14 hours. The specimens were measured by scanning electron microscope and capillary flow porometer. Results The pore structure of the mask did not change when worn 4 times for 10 hours each time, and there was no significant pore structure change when impregnated with ethyl alcohol (purity 95%), treated with UV or steam, or run through a washing machine. Conclusion The pore structure of the surgical mask was not changed significantly after 40 hours of use. Surgical mask pore structure did not change significantly after treatment with ethyl alcohol, UV light, steam, or a washing machine.
Application of platelet-rich plasma in traumatic bone infections

ABSTRACT Introduction: Traumatic bone infection represents a clinical challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Traditional treatments include surgical debridement and antibiotic, but prolonged use of antibiotic may lead to colonization of resistant bacteria and other adverse reactions. Areas covered: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a biological product extracted from the peripheral blood of patients, has been widely used in the field of tissue repair in recent years. Because if its structural and antibacterial properties, PRP is an innovative option for the prevention and treatment of infections. This review assesses the recent scientific literature on PRP, specifically its in the treatment of infections. To this end, a literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases with the following keywords ‘platelet-rich plasma (PRP)’; ‘PRP AND traumatic bone infections’; ‘PRP AND bone defect’; ‘PRP AND antibiotics’; and ‘PRP AND wound healing’. Expert opinion: This review focuses on the mechanism of action, preparation methods, clinical applications and other aspects related to PRP to provide a reference for its use in the treatment of traumatic bone infections, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness and improving the prognosis of patients.
Case for diagnosis. Ulcerated intradermal nevus simulating Sister Mary Joseph's nodule*

We report a case of a 76-year-old patient with a history of recent weight loss and ulcerated umbilical nodular lesion. Initially, we considered the diagnostic hypothesis of Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. However, histopathological evaluation revealed that it was an ulcerated intradermal nevus. We perform a brief review of umbilical nodules.
Amino Acid Levels as Potential Biomarker of Elderly Patients with Dementia

Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment, in which there is disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions. The primary risk factor of dementia is old age, and due to significant changes in the worldwide demographic structure, the prevalence of cognitive impairment is increasing dramatically with aging populations in most countries. Alzheimer’s disease is the predominant and leading cause of dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modifications of amino acids that characterize the initial stages of dementia to help our understanding of the complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. A total of 123 participants were divided into two groups: healthy elderly subjects and patients with mild or moderate dementia. The results of this study indicate that the serum levels of three amino acids were changed significantly in patients with dementia, in relation to the subjects without dementia. In particular, we observed differences in concentrations for serine, arginine and isoleucine (all of them were significantly increased in patients with dementia, compared with the control group). Our results suggest that the metabolisms of some amino acids seem be changed in patients with dementia. We conclude that amino acid profiling might be helpful for the better understanding of biochemical and metabolic changes related to the pathogenesis and progression of dementia. However, considering the multifactorial, heterogenous and complex nature of this disease, validation with a greater study sample in further research is required.
Classification of chikungunya cases: a proposal

[1]. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Recife, PE, Brasil. [2]. Instituto de Pesquisa Autoimune, Recife, PE, Brasil. [3]. Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, Comitê Técnico de Arboviroses, Brasília, DF, Brasil. [4]. Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, SP, Brasil. [5]. Organização Panamericana de Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil. [6]. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Extensão em Vigilância à Saúde, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. [7]. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. [8]. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. [9]. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. [10]. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Salvador, BA, Brasil. [11]. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Medicina, Salvador, BA, Brasil. [12]. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil. [13]. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brasil. [14]. Universidade Federal do Ceará, Escola de Medicina, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.
No Difference in Weight Loss, Glucose, Lipids and Vitamin D of Eggs for Breakfast Compared with Cereal for Breakfast during Energy Restriction

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of consuming 2 eggs for breakfast 5 days per week compared with eating breakfast cereal in a randomized parallel study. Two energy-restricted diets with a similar energy content were compared over a 6-month period. One hundred and ten participants—aged 56 ± 16 years, BMI 34 ± 6 kg·m2, 84 women and 26 men—commenced and 76 completed the study, 33 in the egg group and 43 in the cereal group. Weight loss in completers was 8.1 kg ± 7.0 kg (8.8 ± 6.4%) in the egg group and 7.3 kg ± 4.0 kg (7.6 ± 4.6%) in the cereal group (p < 0.001 for time) but there was no differential effect of diet (p = 0.56). Vitamin D was 55 ± 18 nmol/L at baseline rose at 3 months and fell at 6 months but remained higher than baseline (p < 0.001 for time) with no difference between the groups. Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with BMI (r = −0.22 p = 0.025) and positively with age (r = 0.26 p = 0.009), and change in Vitamin D was positively correlated with weight change at 3 and 6 months (r = 0.46 and r = 0.41 both p < 0.001). In a post-hoc analysis of obese participants there was an effect of time (p < 0.01) and a time by diet interaction (p < 0.04), such that participants in the egg group maintained the increase in Vitamin D levels at 6-months. There was no effect on glucose and no adverse effects on total and LDL cholesterol, which did not change. In conclusion, both diets achieved clinically meaningful weight loss. There were no adverse effects on LDL-cholesterol, and there may be a beneficial effect on Vitamin D in people with obesity but this remains to be investigated in a prospective study.
Newcastle Disease Virus at the Forefront of Cancer Immunotherapy

Simple Summary Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. In nature, NDV primarily infects birds, but poses no threat to human health. Multiple studies have demonstrated that NDV caries oncolytic potential due to its predilection for infection and replication in human cancer cells while sparing normal cells. In addition to its direct lytic effects, the virus triggers both innate and adaptive immune responses. In animal models, NDV injection into a tumor has been demonstrated to result in local inflammation and the recruitment of tumor-specific T cells, an effect that can be further potentiated through the use of viruses encoding immunomodulatory ligands and through combinations with immune checkpoint blockade. Initial clinical trials with naturally occurring NDV administered intravenously demonstrated durable responses across a number of cancer types. Clinical studies utilizing recombinant NDV in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing. Abstract Preclinical and clinical studies dating back to the 1950s have demonstrated that Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has oncolytic properties and can potently stimulate antitumor immune responses. NDV selectively infects, replicates within, and lyses cancer cells by exploiting defective antiviral defenses in cancer cells. Inflammation within the tumor microenvironment in response to NDV leads to the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune effector cells, presentation of tumor antigens, and induction of immune checkpoints. In animal models, intratumoral injection of NDV results in T cell infiltration of both local and distant non-injected tumors, demonstrating the potential of NDV to activate systemic adaptive antitumor immunity. The combination of intratumoral NDV with systemic immune checkpoint blockade leads to regression of both injected and distant tumors, an effect further potentiated by introduction of immunomodulatory transgenes into the viral genome. Clinical trials with naturally occurring NDV administered intravenously demonstrated durable responses across numerous cancer types. Based on these studies, further exploration of NDV is warranted, and clinical studies using recombinant NDV in combination with immune checkpoint blockade have been initiated.