Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TENTORIAL DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAE: OPERATIVE STRATEGIES AND MICROSURGICAL RESULTS FOR SIX TYPES

OBJECTIVE Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are rare, have a high risk of hemorrhage, often cannot be obliterated endovascularly, and frequently require microsurgical interruption of the draining vein. We differentiated these fistulae into six types and developed specific operative strategies on the basis of these types. METHODS During a 9-year period, 31 patients underwent microsurgical treatment for tentorial fistulae: seven galenic DAVF, eight straight sinus DAVF, three torcular DAVF, three tentorial sinus DAVF, eight superior petrosal sinus DAVF, and two incisural DAVF. RESULTS The posterior interhemispheric approach was used with galenic DAVF; the supracerebellar-infratentorial approach was used with straight sinus DAVF; a torcular craniotomy was used with torcular DAVF; the supratentorial-infraoccipital approach was used with tentorial sinus DAVF; the extended retrosigmoid approach was used with superior petrosal sinus DAVF; and a pterional or subtemporal approach was used with incisural DAVF. Angiographically, 94% of the fistulae were obliterated completely. Four patients had transient neurological morbidity, none had permanent neurological morbidity; and there was no operative mortality (mean follow-up, 4.2 yr). CONCLUSION Tentorial DAVF can be differentiated on the basis of fistula location, dural base, associated sinus, and direction of venous drainage. The operative strategy for each type is almost algorithmic, with each type having an optimum surgical approach and an optimum patient position that allows gravity to retract the brain, open subarachnoid planes, and shorten dissection times. No matter the type, the fistula is treated microsurgically by simple interruption of the draining vein.
Influenza A Viruses Detected in Swine in Southern Germany after the H1N1 Pandemic in 2009

Infections with influenza A viruses (IAV) are highly prevalent in swine populations, and stable cocirculation of at least three lineages has been well documented in European swine – till 2009. However, since the emergence of the human pandemic pdmH1N1 virus in 2009, which has been (re)introduced into individual swine herds worldwide, the situation has been changing. These variations in the respective IAV pools within pig populations are of major interest, and the zoonotic potential of putative emerging viruses needs to be evaluated. As data on recent IAV in swine from southern Germany were relatively sparse, the purpose of this study was to determine the major IAV subtypes actually present in this region. To this aim, from 2010 to 2013, 1417 nasal swabs or lung tissue samples from pigs with respiratory disease were screened for IAV genomes. Overall, in 130 holdings IAV genomes were detected by real‐time RT‐PCR targeting the matrix protein gene. For further analyses, several PCR protocols were adapted to quickly subtype between H1, pdmH1, H3, N1 and N2 sequences. Taken together, cocirculation of the three stable European lineages of IAV was confirmed for Bavaria. H1N1 sequences were identified in 59, whereas H1N2 genomes were only diagnosed in 14, and H3N2 in 9 of the holdings analysed. However, pdmH1 in combination with N1 was detected in 2010, 2012 and 2013 confirming a presence, albeit in low prevalence, likewise pdmH1N2 reassortant viruses. Interestingly, individual cases of coinfections with more than one subtype were diagnosed. Partial genome sequences were determined and phylogenetic analyses performed. Clearly other than in the human population classically circulating IAV have not been displaced by pdmH1N1 in Bavarian swine. However, some interesting viruses were detected. Further surveillance of these viruses in the Bavarian pig population will be of major importance, to monitor future developments.
Nodal Impact Assessment and Alleviation of Moving Electric Vehicle Loads: From Traffic Flow to Power Flow

Large-scale adoption of moving electric vehicle (EV) loads significantly accelerates the integration of power and traffic systems. This paper proposes an approach to assess and alleviate the impacts of stochastic EV charging and movement in an integrated power and traffic system. Level of Congestion (LoC), Nodal Voltage Deviation (NVD) and Energy Loss Rate (ELR) are proposed as nodal indices to spatially and temporally assess the impacts due to the inter-node movement of EVs on power system operation. Nodal Time-of-Use (NTOU) price and Road Traffic Congestion (RTC) price are developed to shift the charging and movement of EV loads. EV driver's charging and driving decisions are modeled by fuzzy logic inference system in response to NTOU and RTC prices. Two transportation systems have been developed and integrated with the Roy Billinton test power system (RBTS) to illustrate the proposed technique and model.
Contributions à l’étude des machines à reluctance variable pour application alterno-démarreur automobile

Ce travail de recherche est realise dans le cadre d'une collaboration internationale entre l'Universite Technique de Cluj-Napoca en Roumanie et l'Ecole Centrale de Lille en France. Cette these a comme premier objectif, de reduire l’ondulation de couple d’une machine triphasee 6/8 a reluctance variable grâce aux parametres de controle dans le mode de fonctionnement moteur et generateur. Par consequent, un modele analytique a ete developpe et mis en œuvre dans un environnement de calcul numerique. Un outil d'optimisation permettant de trouver les meilleurs parametres de controle a ete utilise. Toutefois, le processus d’optimisation est tres lent.En consequence, une strategie pour reduire le temps du processus d'optimisation sans abaisser la precision des resultats est proposee. Une strategie de ‘mapping’ est utilisee entre un modele grossier mais rapide et un modele fin mais lent. Un travail est mene sur le choix du modele grossier, dans le cadre d’un modele fournissant des valeurs en fonction du temps. Deux strategies de ‘mapping’ ont ete utilisees dans cette these : l’‘Output Space Mapping Proportional’(OSMP) et le Manifold Mapping (MM). Ces deux strategies sont utilisees pour determiner les parametres de controle optimaux. Le probleme d’optimisation est ensuite complete en ajoutant des variables geometriques au processus d’optimisation du controle. Les outils developpes sont ensuite utilises dans le cadre du dimensionnement par optimisation d’un alterno-demarreur automobile. Finalement, des experiences et des essais sur un prototype de Machine a RV sont menes afin de valider les resultats du processus d'optimisation en mode moteur et generateur.
CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN CHILDREN WITH STRABISMIC AND ANISOMETROPIC AMBLYOPIA. A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT

The contrast threshold of sinusoidal gratings of varying contrast and frequency was examined in children with amblyopia due to strabismus or anisometropia. In strabismic amblyopia the contrast sensitivity is depressed for only a limited band of high spatial frequencies. In anisometropic amblyopia depression of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was found over the whole frequency range. The CSF could not be predicted from the visual acuity measurements in amblyopic eyes due to strabismus, whereas a rough correlation was observed in anisometropia. During occlusion treatment of the dominant eye in anisometropia the visual acuity and the contrast sensitivity function of the amblyopic eye improved in parallel. The study indicates that the abnormalities in spatial vision are different in amblyopia due to strabismus or anisometropia during childhood. Determination of the contrast sensitivity function seems to be an additional tool besides acuity measurements to document changes of visual function during treatment of amblyopia.
An integrated geometric and topological approach to connecting cavities in biomolecules

Study of cavities and channels in molecular structure is a crucial step in understanding the function of biomolecules. Current tools and techniques for extracting these structural features are sensitive to uncertainties in atomic position and radii. In this paper, we study the problem of cavity extraction in biomolecules while taking into account such uncertainties. We propose an approach that connects user-specified cavities by computing an optimal conduit within the region occupied by the molecule. The conduit is computed using a topological representation of the occupied and empty regions and is guaranteed to satisfy well defined geometric optimality criteria. Visualization of the set of all cavities with multiple linked views serves as a useful interface for interactive extraction of stable cavities. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed method in successfully identifying biologically significant pathways between molecular cavities using several case studies.
Role of dexamethasone in acute bacterial meningitis in adults.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of dexamethasone as adjunctive therapy in adult acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in two groups of patients treated with antibiotics alone or a combination of antibiotics and dexamethasone. DESIGN Systematic sampling interventional open cohort study. SETTING Department of Medicine (Medical Unit II), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. PATIENTS Sixty eight patients aged 12-85 years admitted in Medical Unit II and diagnosed to have ABM. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received anti-microbial therapy for 14 days (a combination of benzyl penicillin 6 million units I/V 6 hourly and chloramphenicol 1 gm I/V 6 hourly) and group B received the same antimicrobial therapy with dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 4 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in mortality and morbidity in the two groups and differences in the CSF inflammatory parameters between the two groups of patients. RESULTS There was early resolution of fever, headache and altered consciousness in group B as compared to group A. Cranial nerves involvement was lower in group B. There was no difference in the occurrence of other focal neurological deficits between the two groups. CSF inflammatory parameters (glucose, protein and WBC count) were significantly better in group B by day 5. No complications attributable to dexamethasone were seen in group B. CONCLUSION There was early resolution of symptoms and CSF inflammatory parameters in the group that received dexamethasone as adjuvant therapy. Mortality was lower in the group treated with dexamethasone but the difference was not statistically significant. Dexamethasone should be administered to all adults patients with ABM.
Echoing Emergence

John H. Holland SFI WORKING PAPER: 1993-04-023 SFI Working Papers contain accounts of scientific work of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Santa Fe Institute. We accept papers intended for publication in peer-reviewed journals or proceedings volumes, but not papers that have already appeared in print. Except for papers by our external faculty, papers must be based on work done at SFI, inspired by an invited visit to or collaboration at SFI, or funded by an SFI grant. ©NOTICE: This working paper is included by permission of the contributing author(s) as a means to ensure timely distribution of the scholarly and technical work on a non-commercial basis. Copyright and all rights therein are maintained by the author(s). It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. These works may be reposted only with the explicit permission of the copyright holder. www.santafe. edu
Evaporation limited capillary penetration in porous media

This study develops a novel composite phase change material (PCM) based on paraffin/hydrophobic expanded perlite and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets as heat transfer promoter. The experimental analysis was systematically carried out on fabrication, characterization and testing the thermal storage properties of composite PCM. The micromorphology characteristics of composite PCM showed that the xGnP forms an interconnecting network with the porous EP, indicating the improvement in the heat transfer performance of composite PCM. Contact angle measurements showed that the composite PCM can prevent the PCM leakage in the TES system due to the hydrophobic surface properties of supporting material. Furthermore, thermal conductivity measurements revealed that the composite PCM with 1 wt% of xGnP boosts the thermal conductivity by up to 49% compared to the ordinary composite PCM.
Actions of Phenylephrine, Isoproterenol, and Epinephrine Halothane on Endocardial Conduction and Activation in Canine Left Ventricular Papillary Muscles

Background: Myocardial sensitization by halothane to the arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine involves synergistic actions mediated by alpha1 ‐ and beta‐adrenoceptors. Halothane potentiates a transient alpha1 ‐adrenoceptor‐mediated negative dromotropic effect of epinephrine on Purkinje fibers. This study examines how halothane alters the actions of alpha1 ‐ and beta‐agonists and epinephrine on endocardial conduction. Methods: Superfused canine papillary muscles were mapped to locate a Purkinje‐ventricular muscle junction (PVJ), and bipolar electrodes were placed to measure Purkinje and endocardial conduction velocity and PVJ conduction time during stimulation of the Purkinje layer. The effects of exposure to 5 micro Meter phenylephrine, 1 micro Meter isoproterenol, or 5 micro Meter epinephrine on conduction were determined in the absence and presence of 0.4 mM halothane in three groups of 10 preparations. Results: Isoproterenol slightly increased Purkinje conduction velocity and markedly improved conduction at the PVJ and in the endocardium similarly in the presence or absence of halothane. Phenylephrine depressed Purkinje velocity (‐12%) only in the presence of halothane and did not slow conduction at the PVJ or in the myocardium. Epinephrine transiently depressed Purkinje velocity, more so with (‐22%) than without (‐12%) halothane (P <or= to 0.01), and simultaneously facilitated conduction at the PVJ and in the myocardium. Conclusions: The prodysrhythmic actions of epinephrine with halothane may involve disparate effects on conduction, including speeding of conduction at the PVJ and in the myocardium, similar to that produced by isoproterenol, accompanied by simultaneous but transient alpha1 ‐mediated depression of conduction in the Purkinje system.
Apprentissage et Contrôle dans les Architectures Neuronales

Au dela de ses fonctions primaires regulatrices et sensori-motrices, le cerveau est un formidable systeme adaptatif capable de developper des reponses nouvelles dans des contextes nouveaux. Les principes de l'apprentissage automatique ("machine learning"), en plein developpement a l'heure actuelle, peuvent etre utiles a la comprehension des processus d'apprentissage dans le cerveau. On parle de modeles computationnels de l'apprentissage, dont les "reseaux de neurones artificiels a couches" sont la realisation la plus connue. Ce memoire d'HDR presente des modeles de reseaux de neurones obeissant plus strictement aux contraintes biologiques, en particulier concernant le caractere recurrent du graphe d'interaction neuronale, le caractere discret des signaux emis par les neurones et le caractere local des regles de plasticite qui regissent les changements synaptiques. Nous montrons en particulier comment les reseaux de neurones recurrents organisent leurs donnees d'entree en regions distinctes, comment la plasticite synaptique conduit les reseau de neurones vers des activites d'ensemble plus simples, permettant de mieux differencier et predire les stimuli sensoriels, et comment l'apprentissage moteur peut se fonder sur l'appariement entre primitives motrices et donnees sensorielles pour organiser l'environnement physique. Differents projets sont proposes, visant a developper ces idees sur des modeles de l'activite du cerveau a large echelle, ou encore dans le cadre des interfaces cerveau-machine.
A Four Amino Acid Deletion Polymorphism in the Third Intracellular Loop of the Human α2C-Adrenergic Receptor Confers Impaired Coupling to Multiple Effectors*

The α2-adrenergic receptors (α2ARs) play a critical role in modulating neurotransmitter release in the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous systems. A polymorphism of the α2AR subtype localized to human chromosome 4 (the pharmacologic α2CAR subtype) within an intracellular domain has been identified in normal individuals. The polymorphism (denoted Del322–325) is because of an in-frame 12-nucleic acid deletion encoding a receptor lacking Gly-Ala-Gly-Pro in the third intracellular loop. To delineate the functional consequences of this structural alteration, Chinese hamster ovary cells were permanently transfected with constructs encoding wild-type human α2CAR and the polymorphic receptor. The Del322–325 variant had decreased high affinity agonist binding (KH = 7.3 ± 0.95 versus3.7 ± 0.43 nm; %RH = 31 ± 4 versus 49 ± 4) compared with wild-type indicating impaired formation of the agonist-receptor-G protein complex. The polymorphic receptor displayed markedly depressed epinephrine-promoted coupling to Gi, inhibiting adenylyl cyclase by 10 ± 4.3% compared with 73 ± 2.4% for wild-type α2CAR. This also was so for the endogenous ligand norepinephrine and full and partial synthetic agonists. Depressed agonist-promoted coupling to the stimulation of MAP kinase (∼71% impaired) and inositol phosphate production (∼60% impaired) was also found with the polymorphic receptor. The Del322–325 receptor was ∼10 times more frequent in African-Americans compared with Caucasians (allele frequencies 0.381 versus 0.040). Given this significant loss of function phenotype in several signal transduction cascades and the skewed ethnic prevalence, Del322–325 represents a pharmacoethnogenetic locus and may also be the basis for interindividual variation in cardiovascular or central nervous system pathophysiology.
Do antimicrobial mass medications work? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials investigating antimicrobial prophylaxis or metaphylaxis against naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease

&NA; A distinct difference between veterinary and human medicine is the routine use of antimicrobial mass medications (prophylaxis, metaphylaxis) to healthy individuals. The need for antimicrobial mass medications is based on beliefs that group/s of animals will contract a bacterial disease (i.e. morbidity) and/or die (i.e. mortality). Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents the major indication for cattle antimicrobials worldwide. The objectives were to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) for naturally occurring BRD investigating antimicrobial prophylaxis/metaphylaxis to prevent morbidity/mortality. In total, 58 publications met the inclusion criteria summarizing 169 individual RCTs, spanning 50 years (1966‐2016). Antimicrobial prophylaxis and metaphylaxis demonstrated moderate, yet highly variable relative risk reductions in BRD morbidity. These were dependent on the antimicrobial classes used, dependent on metaphylaxis definition, BRD attack rates and duration of the RCTs. Best relative risk reductions were from broad‐spectrum critically important antimicrobials, or combinations. BRD prophylaxis/metaphylaxis represents major antimicrobial consumption for highly variable short‐term gains in absolute risk reduction of morbidity/mortality. Despite widespread use of prevention products, the need for antimicrobial mass medications should be re‐evaluated since the underlying problem is more likely the segmented infrastructure of the feedlot and veal calf industries compared to the disease itself. Graphical Abstract Figure. Figure. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised clinical trials investigating antimicrobial prophylaxis or metaphylaxis against naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease.
Modèle de coût algorithmique intégrant des mécanismes de tolérance aux pannes et expérimentations

Les grilles et les clusters sont des architectures de plus en plus utilisees dans le domaine du calcul scientifique distribue. Le nombre important de constituants (processeurs, memoire, interconnexion) dans ces architectures font que le risque de defaillance est tres important. Comptetenu de la duree considerable de l'execution d'une application distribuee, ce risque de defaillance doit etre controle par l'utilisation de technique de tolerance aux pannes. Dans cet article, nous presentons deux mecanismes de tolerance aux pannes bases sur une sauvegarde de l'etat du futur de l'execution represente par un graphe de flot de donnees. Nous presentons leurs modeles de cout algorithmique integrant le temps necessaire pour la sauvegarde de l'etat des processus. Nous montrons que pour la classe des programmes consideree et les mecanismes de tolerance aux pannes, les accelerations asymptotiques sont lineaires en fonction du nombre de processeurs. Un prototype existe et des experimentations montrent que le surcout a l'execution peut etre amorti, permettant d'envisager des executions tolerantes aux pannes qui passent a l'echelle. Des comparaisons experimentales sur une grappe d'environ 200 processeurs completent les analyses theoriques.
[Study on the immunization coverage and effects of hepatitis B vaccine in the 20-59 years-old population in Guangzhou city].

OBJECTIVE To study the immunization coverage and immune effects of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among people who were immunized later than at birth in Guangzhou city. METHODS A multistage randomized cluster sampling was used and the subjects were at age 20 to 59 years old, from the families of twelve districts in Guangzhou. Cross sectional analysis was carried out. Every study subject's HepB immunization history and main risk were investigated through questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and then tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by means of ELISA. The immunization coverage rate of HepB, prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs among every age group were valuated by sampling weights. The protective efficacy of the people with immunization of HepB was assessed by case-control study. RESULTS The overall immunization rate of HepB was 24.71% (95%CI: 20.86%-28.56%) in the 20-59 age group. HBsAg prevalence rate was 14.91% (95%CI: 12.73%-17.08%), and 8.52% in vaccinated group while 18.15% in the non-vaccinated group. Results from case-control study showed that HepB had good protective efficacy to HBV in people of 20-59 years old. The protective rate of HepB against HBV was 62.6%. CONCLUSION Vaccinating HepB on people after the neonatal period also non-newborn could provide good immune effect to HBV.
Critical incident stress debriefing: a health promotion model for workplace violence.

PURPOSE To view the global impact of violence as a critical incident. DATA SOURCES Published literature, author's experience. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric nurses can use the critical incident stress debriefing protocol to minimize adverse outcomes after a traumatic event. Workplace violence threatens the safety and well-being of nurses. Psychiatric nurses are more likely to encounter workplace violence than nurses in other settings and must prepare themselves using proactive health-promoting activities, for example the critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) model. This health-promotion model provides immediate emotional support and education about normal stress reactions, and may reduce the risk of chronic and disabling emotional and physical consequences.