Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loops formed by tidal tails as fossil records of a major merger

Context. Many haloes of nearby disc galaxies contain faint and extended features, including loops, which are often interpreted as relics of satellite infall in the main galaxy's potential well. In most cases, however, the residual nucleus of the satellite is not seen, although it is predicted by numerical simulations. Aims. We test whether such faint and extended features can be associated to gas-rich, major mergers, which may also lead to disc rebuilding and thus be a corner stone for the formation of spiral galaxies. Our goal is to test whether the major merger scenario can provide a good model for a particularly difficult case, that of NGC 5907, and to compare to the scenario of a satellite infall. Methods. Using the TreeSPH code GADGET-2, we model the formation of an almost bulge-less galaxy similar to NGC 5907 (B/T less than or similar to 0.2) after a gas-rich major merger. First, we trace tidal tail particles captured by the galaxy gravitational potential to verify whether they can form loops similar to those discovered in the galactic haloes. Results. We indeed find that 3:1 major mergers can form features similar to the loops found in many galactic haloes, including in NGC 5907, and can reproduce an extended thin disc, a bulge, as well as the pronounced warp of the gaseous disc. Relatively small bulge fractions can be reproduced by a large gas fraction in the progenitors, as well as appropriate orbital parameters. Conclusions. Even though it remains difficult to fully cover the large volume of free parameters, the present modelling of the loops in NGC 5907 proves that they could well be the result of a major merger. It has many advantages over the satellite infall scenario; e.g., it solves the problem of the visibility of the satellite remnant, and it may explain some additional features in the NGC 5907 halo, as well as some gas properties of this system. For orbital parameters derived from cosmological simulations, the loops in NGC 5907 can be reproduced by major mergers (3:1 to 5:1) and possibly by intermediate mergers (5:1 to 12:1). The major merger scenario thus challenges the minor merger one and could explain many properties that haloes of spiral galaxies have in common, including their red colours and the presence of faint extended features.
Multi-Objective Calibration of Nonlinear Muskingum Model Using Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II

Parameter calibration of hydrological model is one of the most important issues in the field of hydrology. Practice experience suggests that the traditional calibration of hydrological model with single objective cannot properly measure all of the behaviors of hydrological system. In order to successfully calibrate a hydrological model, multiple criteria should be considered. In this study, an multi-objective calibration routine of Muskingum model is developed using the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The performance of the multi-objective calibration procedure is authenticated by three cases involving single-peak, multi-peak, and non-smooth hydrographs. The results show that the multiobjective calibration procedure is consistent and effective in estimating parameters of the Muskingum model. keywords-muskingum model; multi-objective optimization; nsga-ii; parameter estimation
Bandwidth Requirements of GPU Architectures

Bandwidth Requirements of GPU Architectures Benjamin C. Johnstone Supervising Professor: Dr. Sonia Lopez Alarcon A new trend in chip multiprocessor (CMP) design is to incorporate graphics processing unit (GPU) cores, making them heterogeneous. GPU cores have a higher bandwidth requirement than CPU cores, as they tend to generate much more memory requests. In order to achieve good performance, there must be sufficient bandwidth between the GPU shader cores and main memory to service these memory requests in a timely manner. However, designing for the highest possible bandwidth will lead to high energy costs. The communication requirements of GPU cores must be determined in order to choose a proper interconnect. To this end, we have simulated several CUDA benchmarks with varying bandwidths using the GPGPU-Sim simulator. Our results show that the communication requirements of GPUs vary from workload to workload. We suggest that cores be connected using a photonic interconnect capable of supporting different bandwidths in order to reduce power consumption. For each transmission, the interconnect used will depend on how the bandwidth affects performance. We determined that the ratio of interconnect-shader stalls to the total number of execution cycles is a good indicator of whether or not an application will be bandwidthsensitive. We used this finding to develop a bandwidth selection policy for GPU applications using a photonic NoC. With our policy selections, the photonic interconnect used 12.5% less power than a photonic interconnect with optimal performing choices, which only gave a performance improvement of 1.37% compared to our policy. The photonic interconnect with our policy also had the lowest energy-delay product out of the interconnects we compared it against.
NOVEL ENERGY HARVESTING ANTENNA DESIGN USING A PARASITIC RADIATOR

A novel energy harvesting antenna for various wireless transceivers is proposed. This antenna is composed of two parts, the main and the parasitic radiator. The main radiator has the same role as a general element antenna, i.e., to transmit and receive the RF signal. The parasitic radiator is used to gather the RF power from the main radiators, which mostly do not contribute the main radiator's electrical performance. Thus, we can generate DC power using the dissipated RF energy that is radiated from the main radiator. The main radiator is designed as a printed dipole and the parasitic radiator has a two- turn loop structure fabricated on a substrate. The main radiator is vertically placed on the ground and inserted in the rectangular slit of the substrate of the parasitic radiator. The height of the parasitic radiator can be controlled by two supporters. In the design process, we analyzed how the antenna performance changed when adjusting the height of the parasitic radiator and thus determined its optimal height.
Analysis of obstetrics hysterectomy in tertiary care centre

However, seven years later (1876), the first caesarean subtotal hysterectomy was carried out successfully, with the result that both the mother and the baby survived. Severe postpartum haemorrhage was reported to occur in 6.7/1,000 deliveries worldwide. It is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity and represents the most challenging complication that an obstetrician will face.
A Mining Algorithm of Frequent Items in Data Streams Based on Apache Storm

e approximation. Abstract. Frequent items in data streams refer to log items appeared in numerous data streams that are over specified thresholds. Under data stream model, data streams are continuous, and the algorithm can only scan data once. Furthermore, data streams are unlimited, while the available storage space is limited. Therefore, it is usually not possible to excavate all accurate frequent items in data. The paper put forward the improved algorithm WFIC of digging approximate frequent items in data streams, and the algorithm can dynamically adjust weight of all kinds of data, which will make the rank of significant data more top-ranked. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good performance, which can effectively determine frequent items in data streams.
Subfractals induced by subshifts

In this thesis, a subfractal is the subset of points in the attractor of an iterated function system in which every point in the subfractal is associated with an allowable word from a subshift on the underlying symbolic space. In the case in which (1) the subshift is a subshift of finite type with an irreducible adjacency matrix, (2) the iterated function system satisfies the open set condition, and (3) contractive bounds exist for each map in the iterated function system, we find bounds for both the Hausdorff and box dimensions of the subfractal, where the bounds depend both on the adjacency matrix and the contractive bounds on the maps. We extend this result to sofic subshifts, a more general subshift than a subshift of finite type, and to allow the adjacency matrix to be reducible. The structure of a subfractal naturally defines a measure on Rn. For an iterated function system which satisfies the open set condition and in which the maps are similitudes, we construct an invariant measure supported on a subfractal induced by a subshift of finite type. For this specific measure, we calculate the local dimension for almost every point, and hence calculate the Hausdorff dimension for the measure.
SYSTEMATIZING POLICY LEARNING: FROM MONOLITHS TO DIMENSIONS

The field of policy learning is characterised by a proliferation of concepts and lack of systematic findings. Our collation of studies on learning in public policy reveals the presence of many different dimensions and approaches. To systematize them, we combine the classic Sartorian approach to classification with the more recent insights on explanatory typology. At the outset, we classify per genus et differentiam – distinguishing between the genus and the different species within it. We then draw on the technique of explanatory typologies to generate a basic model of policy learning, capturing the four major genera identified in the literature. We then generate variation within each cell by using rigorous concepts drawn from adult education research. Specifically, we conceptualize learning as control over the contents and goals of knowledge. By looking at learning through the lenses of knowledge utilization, we show that the basic model can be expanded to reveal different ‘species’ of learning. These sixteen types are all well-established in the literature, but up until now the scope conditions and connections among types have not been clarified. By providing a comprehensive typology, we aim to lay the foundations for the systematic comparison across and within cases.
Designing for competences: - professional development of teacher education in Denmark

for presentation at the Fourth Conference, held in Stockholm, May 7-9 2014. The abstract address the category of “research (and development) studies in progress” Authors: Peter Gundersen, associate professor at Educationlab: Research Program for Technology and Educational Design, Dept. of Research and Innovation, University College Zealand, University of Applied Science, Denmark. Mail: pgu@ucsj.dk Rene B Christiansen, associate professor at Educationlab: Research Program for Technology and Educational Design, Dept. of Research and Innovation, University College Zealand, University of Applied Science, Denmark. Mail: rbc@ucsj.dk
GAFBone: A New Backbone Construction for Increasing Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks, which have been used in many applications in recent years, consist of tiny sensor nodes with restriction in processing ability and the battery unit. Because of that, one of the crucial problems in this field is power consumption and network lifetime. Geographic Adaptive Fidelity is a routing protocol which tries to reduce energy consumption by powering off unnecessary nodes. In this paper, we proposed a new backbone algorithm for this protocol to saving more energy which causes to improving the lifetime and performance of the networks. The results of simulation show that active grids will be halved approximately.
Narrativas de la imagen: Memoria, relato y fotografía

La nocion de imagen es abordada desde un amplio espectro que nace como correlato teorico-conceptual al trabajo de campo de una investigacion que se esta desarrollando en Villa Francia, ciudad de Santiago, Chile. La imagen es yuxtapuesta a la conformacion del lugar y de la memoria, a la presentacion de relatos orales, asi como tambien a la configuracion de diversas formas de intervenciones urbanas conmemorativas. A traves de estas dimensiones, la imagen se presenta tanto en su plano mental como imagen mental e imaginacion, como en su plano material a traves de la elaboracion o reproduccion de imagenes. Asi, la imagen puede expresarse en diversas narrativas tales como el relato oral o la representacion material del recuerdo. Particularmente se enfatiza en el rol de la fotografia como vehiculo y expresion de memorializacion.
Crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 Chile earthquake: Detangling earthquake‐cycle deformation and forearc‐sliver translation

Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc‐normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin‐parallel component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin‐normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three‐dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
Design of High Speed Phase Frequency Detector in 0.18 μm CMOS Process for PLL Application

The Phase Frequency Detectors (PFD’s) are proposed in this research paper by using the two different structures of D Flip-Flop that is the traditional D Flip-Flop and modified D Flip-Flop with a NAND gate which can overcome the speed and area limitations of the conventional PFD. Both of the PFD’s use 20 transistors. The traditional PFD consumes 133.92 μW power when operating at 40 MHz frequency with 1.8 Volts supply voltage whereas the modified PFD consumes 100.51 μW power operating at 40 MHz frequency with 1.8 Volts supply voltage. The designs are implemented by using 0.18 meter CMOS process in Tanner 13.ov. These can be used in PLL for high speed applications.
Decent work and ecological sustainability - a question of distribution?

This paper discusses the problem of resource distribution and its relationship to employment. The paper starts by considering the importance of work as a tool in social welfare. It discusses the problem of environmental sustainability and the dilemma this poses for traditional employment creation policy. The second part of the paper looks in more detail at the the world distribution of environmental and economic measures, particularly those that relate to decent standards of employment. Based on these results, the final section of the paper considers environmental approaches to employment creation and what the implications of these might be for public policy.
A constitutive law for rate of earthquake production and its application to earthquake clustering

Seismicity is modeled as a sequence of earthquake nucleation events in which the distribution of initial conditions over the population of nucleation sources and stress- ing history control the timing of earthquakes. The model is implemented using solutions for nucleation of unstable fault slip on faults with experimentally derived rate- and state- dependent fault properties. This yields a general state-variable constitutive formulation for rate of earthquake production resulting from an applied stressing history. To illustrate and test the model some characteristics of seismicity following a stress step have been explored. It is proposed that various features of earthquake clustering arise from sensi- tivity of nucleation times to the stress changes induced by prior earthquakes. The model gives the characteristic Omori aftershock decay law and interprets aftershock parameters in terms of stress change and stressing rate. Earthquake data appear to support a model prediction that aftershock duration, defined as the time for rates to return to the back- ground seismicity rate, is proportional to mainshock recurrence time. Observed spatial and temporal clustering of earthquake pairs arises as a consequence of the spatial depen- dence of stress changes of the first event of the pair and stress-sensitive time-dependent nucleation. Applications of the constitutive formulation are not restricted to the simple stress step models investigated here. It may be applied to stressing histories of arbitrary complexity. The apparent success at modeling clustering phenomena suggests the possibil- ity of using the formulation to estimate short- to intermediate-term earthquake probabil- ities following occurrence of other earthquakes and for inversion of temporal variations of earthquake rates for changes in driving stress.
A Common-Use Proxy for Economic Performance: Application to Asymmetric Causality between the Stock Returns and Growth

This study develops a common-use proxy based on the so-called "current depth of recession" (CDR) measure of economic performance. The proposed proxy, termed MCDR, removes the limitations of the nonlinear model from the CDR. The MCDR enjoys the benefits of the CDR but also extends directly to threshold variables, becoming a useful covariate in general threshold models. Considering the correlation between annual stock returns and economic growth rates in 25 countries during the last 44 years, we employ the MCDR as a threshold variable in a threshold vector autoregressive model. The empirical results show that stock returns mostly lead economic growth rates during recessions but are unable to effectively predict growth rates during expansions. We find that the MCDR represents a useful construction, enlarging the scope of practical CDR applications.
Realised response to short-term selection of the common pheasant ( Phasianus colchicus ) selected for seven-week body weight

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the directed positive selection of the common pheasant for a higher seven-week body weight (BW) relative to their gender on the realised response to the selection and adult (40-week) BW after four generations of selection. The founder population was not selected before for any traits. For the selection in generation one of the experiment, a total of 2 080 pheasant chicks were used to establish a selection line (SL). In the same year, a total of 400 pheasant chicks were randomly selected as a control line (CL). Within the SL, chicks from individual hatches were selected by sex, always based on live BW at the age of 49 days. The targeted selection was carried out for four generations. In all generations it was found a higher seven-week BW in males compared to females (P
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING: IMPACT OF TWO INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS ON STUDENT - INSTRUCTOR INTERACTION, STUDENT CRITICAL THINKING, AND STUDENT COURSE EVALUATIONS

The objective of this study is to examine whether a Problem-Based Learning pedagogy will produce greater student – instructor interaction and more critical thinking than a Project-based Learning pedagogy in an undergraduate introductory marketing class. Using student surveys, student comments, and instructor evaluations, the researcher concludes: (1) there is a significant difference in student – instructor interaction and critical thinking between the two pedagogies; (2) student’s thoughts and feelings are different for the two methods; (3) and, course evaluations remain relatively unchanged. Discussion and concluding remarks focus on the appropriateness of incorporating a Problem-Based Leaning method in an undergraduate introductory marketing class, opportunities for future research, and if student knowledge gains are sufficient to offset the increased instructional effort.
Prediction of the modulus of elasticity of Eucalyptus grandis through two nondestructive techniques

The present study aimed to estimate the modulus of elasticity (MOE) at static bending of Rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis) heartwood and sapwood through two nondestructive techniques: ultrasound and stress wave. Sixty samples of heartwood and sapwood were prepared. Nondestructive tests were performed using ultrasound and stress wave timer equipment, while destructive tests were carried out in a universal machine through static bending tests. The main results showed that the heartwood presented better behavior than the sapwood in the non-destructive tests. However, the best model was obtained considering both wood types through the ultrasonic technique. Therefore, stress wave and ultrasonic techniques could be employed to estimate the modulus of elasticity of Rose gum wood.
Prevalencia de las dificultades específicas de aprendizaje: La dislexia en español

The main purpose of this research has been to analyze the prevalence of specific learning disabilities in Spain. A first study was con-ducted in the Canary Islands region to demonstrate that “learning prob-lems” is one of the most identified areas in the Special Education field. This fact is a consequence of the lack of specific criteria to identify stu-dents with “Learning Disabilities”. Consequently, a second study was de-signed to test whether the identification of LD students should not be only based on curricular criteria but also on standardized specific criteria in each academic subject (i.e., reading, writing, arithmetic, etc.). We found that the greater proportion of individuals with special educational needs is identified as LD. Likewise, when used psychometric criteria for LD identi-fication, the percentage obtained is lower. By this way the counsellors could provide an educational response more appropriate to these children.
Use of Five Nitrogen Source and Placement Systems for Improved Nitrogen Management of Irrigated Corn

Improved N management for corn (Zea mays L.) production is necessary to maintain N in the root zone for greater yield and N uptake. Three field experiments were conducted in Nebraska on Thurman loamy sand at Concord in 2008, on Alcester silty clay loam at Haskell Agricultural Laboratory (HAL) in Concord in 2009, and on Hord silt loam at Pierce in 2009. Treatments included four N rates (56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha⁻¹) and five N-source–placement systems. The five N systems were broadcast polymer-coated urea (PCU), broadcast urea–NH₄NO₃ (UAN), a broadcast 7:3 mixture of UAN and Nitamin–Nfusion (NF), band UAN, and band NF. Each trial included a zero-N control. Only Concord had significant precipitation within 21 d after fertilizer application (141 mm). Results indicated that use of broadcast PCU and band NF had slight but N-conserving effects as measured by plant indicators. Band NF had 3% greater SPAD reading and 47% greater stalk NO₃–N compared with broadcast UAN across sites. Corn fertilized with broadcast PCU produced 4 to 13% (0.5–1.8 Mg ha⁻¹) greater grain yield and 7% greater grain and plant-N uptake at Concord and HAL compared with broadcast UAN. Band NF increased grain yield by 4% (0.6 Mg ha⁻¹) at Concord and Pierce and plant-N uptake by 7% at Concord compared with broadcast UAN. The use of slow-release fertilizers is a risk reduction strategy when weather is conductive to N losses; otherwise, they performed similarly to UAN.