Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How has Lr 34 / Yr 18 conferred effective rust resistance in wheat for so long ?

The Lr34/Yr18 gene has been used in agriculture for more than 100 years. In contrast to many other resistance sources against leaf rust and stripe rust, it has remained effective and no virulence has been reported. This makes Lr34 a unique and highly valuable resource for rust resistance breeding. The pleiotropic nature of the gene conferring partial resistance to different pathogen species, the associated leaf tip necrosis and its durability suggest a molecular mechanism that is different from major gene resistance. This is supported by the molecular nature of Lr34 which was recently found to encode an ABC transporter. Interestingly, all tested wheat lines contain an allele of the Lr34 gene on chromosome 7DS. In its susceptible form, the gene does not confer resistance. The difference between the encoded resistant and susceptible LR34 isoforms consists of only two amino acid changes, whereas the rest of the proteins are identical. These two changes must change the biochemical properties of the resistant LR34 transporter in such a way that the plant becomes resistant. We speculate that there is a slight conformational change in the resistant form of the protein, resulting either in modified specificity or kinetics of the transported molecule, or that the binding properties to an unknown second protein interacting with LR34 are changed, resulting in altered function. While the molecular nature of the molecule(s) transported by the LR34 protein remains unclear, it is likely that a physiological change related to Lr34 activity is at the basis of resistance. We are currently establishing transgenic approaches in heterologous grass species to further investigate the molecular activity of Lr34 and to better understand a physiological mechanisms resulting in disease resistance.
Die Versorgung und Reanimation des Neugeborenen Kapitel 7 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2015 des European Resuscitation Council

Die folgenden Leitlinien zur Neugeborenenreanimation sind das Ergebnis des „2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR 2015)“ [1, 2]. Sie stellen eine Aktualisierung der bereits durch das ERC veröffentlichten Leitlinien [3] dar und berücksichtigen Empfehlungen nationaler sowie internationaler Organisationen und bestehende evidenzbasierte Erkenntnisse [4].
Survival and clinical characteristics of patients with multiple primary cancers : a hospital-based study

Aim: Multiple primary cancers (MPCs) are a group of rare tumors of increasing incidence in recent years. Many issues in terms of epidemiologic features, pathogenesis, and treatment of MPCs are not well understood. Moreover, little data are available in China. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the association between clinical characteristics and prognoses of Chinese patients with MPCs to assess their impact on patient survival. Methods: We examined the incidence, clinical characteristics, and survival in 316 MPC patients. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: Of all patients, 286 developed two primaries and 30 developed three or more primaries. The primaries were synchronous in 87 and metachronous in 229 patients; 136 patients survived, 169 died, and 11 were lost to follow-up. The median overall survival 1 (interval between the first cancer diagnosis and death, or the end of follow-up, OS1) was 66 months; the median overall survival 2 (interval between the second cancer diagnosis and death, or the end of follow-up, OS2) was 22 months. The median OS1 was longer in patients with metachronous primaries (84 months) than in those with synchronous primaries (25 months). The 5-year survival rates were 70.7% and 21.8%, respectively. For metachronous primaries, the median OS1 was 132 months in patients with > 5-year interval and 52 months in patients with < 5-year interval between the first and second primaries. Differences between the groups were significant (P < 0.05). Sex, interval between the first and second primaries, and initial cancer stage were significantly associated with OS (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Sex, interval between the first and second primaries, and initial cancer stage are independent prognostic factors in MPC patients. Additional tumors in cancer patients may be metastatic or novel lesions. Therefore, the possibility of metachronous or synchronous malignancy should be considered. Postoperatively, a prolonged follow-up is necessary.
Effect of Noise on Acoustic Change Complex

Speech has dynamic acoustic properties such as amplitude modulation, spectral modulation and periodicity change. The consequence of noise on the auditory system could be variable due to such changes within the ongoing speech signal. To study this Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) were recorded with background speech spectrum shaped noise. The ACC were recorded for speech stimulus and two tonal complex stimuli. The tonal complex stimuli comprised of one with amplitude change and the other with spectral change. The obligatory N1-P2 (onset response) and N1 1 -P2 1 (change response) latency and amplitude were analyzed. The cortical responses showed significant amplitude reduction as well as prolonged latency for encoding of both onset and change responses. Also, the results showed variable effect of noise on onset and change responses. With these outcomes it may be inferred that the effect of noise varies within the ongoing signal as speech signal has dynamic acoustic cues.
A Statistical Model for the Influence of Temperature on Bike Demand in Bike-sharing Systems

A STATISTICAL MODEL FOR THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON BIKE DEMAND IN BIKE-SHARING SYSTEMS by Tobias Tietze The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2019 Under the Supervision of Professor Daniel Gervini Efficient fleet management is essential for bike-sharing systems. Thus, it is important to understand the impact of environmental factors on bike demand. This thesis proposes a method to analyze the influence of temperature on bike demand. Hourly temperature data are approximated by smoothed curves and modeled by functional principal components. Bike check-out times, which can be seen as realizations of a doubly stochastic process, are modeled using multiplicative component models on the underlying intensity functions. The respective component scores are then related via a multivariate regression model. An analysis of data from the Divvy system of the City of Chicago is presented as an example of application.
Secondary leiomosarcoma after treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma in a patient : a case report and literature review

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare malignant tumor originating from the smooth muscle. To the best of our knowledge, there have been few reports about leiomyosarcoma as a second tumor of lymphoma. In the present report, a case of leiomyosarcoma in a 70-year-old Chinese man is discussed. This patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and accepted chemotherapy seven years ago. The patient suffered from shortness of breath and pain in the right lower limb. Chest CT imaging showed multiple quasi-circular high-density nodules, comparable to that of a bullet wound. There was also an echo-clump in the middle segment of the right thigh by B ultrasonography. CT-guided percutaneous needle lung biopsy of the patient revealed leiomyosarcoma. The following B-ultrasound-guided needle aspiration biopsy of the right middle thigh mass showed spindle cell sarcoma, also revealed leiomyosarcoma. It is certain that secondary leiomosarcoma occurred after treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma in this patient. Through this case, the risk of secondary tumor and reassessment of disease are discussed. Especially after a long time, this is important to avoid misdiagnosis. keywords: Leiomyosarcoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the secondary tumor
Robust illumination-invariant tracking algorithm based on HOGs

Common tracking systems are usually affected by environmental and technical interferences such as non-uniform illumination, sensors' noise, geometrical scene distortion, etc. Among these issues, the former is particularly interesting because it destroys important spatial characteristics of objects in observed scenes. We propose a two-step tracking algorithm: first, preprocessing locally normalizes the illumination difference between the target object and observed frames; second, the normalized object is tracked by means of a designed template structure based on histograms of oriented gradients and kinematic prediction model. The algorithm performance is tested in terms of recognition and localization errors in real scenarios. In order to achieve high rate of the processing, we use GPU parallel processing technologies. Finally, our algorithm is compared with other state-of-the-art trackers.
Three Dimension Face Recognition Based on Gabor Transformation and Support Vector Machine

ABSTRACT Face recognition based on 2D face images is still challenged by the large change of illumination, pose and expression after more than 10 years’ research and its recognition rate is still far away from satisfaction under the change of the above three factors. Gabor wavelet and support vector machine (SVM) are studied. Gabor wavelet has good biological neurons function, and good adaptive change to illumination. Furthermore, SVM can provide good classification effect. Gabor wavelet and SVM are combined with PCAto improve recognition rate of human face. Besides, we put forward a kind of Gabor wavelet feature extraction method based on three-dimensional human face contour line. Five different types of human face recognition are used to verify the effectiveness of this algorithm. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme has higher recognition rate than several traditional schemes.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Dentists towards Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Khartoum , Sudan .

Objectives: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been recognized recently in Sudan but with limited availability. This study will assess Sudanese dentists’ knowledge and attitudes towards CBCT. Methods: A questionnaire-based study was performed among dentists in Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital between October and November 2016. A total of 161 dentists were involved in the study. Twenty close-ended questions were answered by the participants. Data were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Software Package SPSS (version20). Results: A total of 161 dentists participated in the study. There were 75 (46.4%) males and 86 (53.6%) females. House-officers constituted 50.3%, medical officers 26.7%, registrars 19.9% and newly graduate 3.1%. Seventy seven percent were aware of CBCT and the most common source of information was faculty’s lessons. When qui square test applied, there were statistically significant differences in participants’ responses by academic qualification (p-value 0.001). Interestingly only 31.7% of participants had requested CBCT for their patients, and the highest percent was for teeth impaction (33.3%). Conclusion: This study recommends that efforts should be made to improve dentists’ knowledge towards Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Also, dental school curricula should be structured to designate more focus to this new technology.
Currencies and commodities : modeling the impact of exchange rates on commodity prices in the world market

Prices of internationally traded commodities are notoriously volatile, due in part to market fundamentals, but also in part to exchange rate movements. It is useful to understand the latter clearly as these can both influence and obscure commodity market outcomes. The paper develops a comprehensive model based on a simple, equilibrium approach which, though well known, has not previously been implemented on the present scale. Estimated using pooled regressions, the model incorporates trade of over 200 countries in 33 commodities comprising most of the weight of the World Bank’s primary commodity coverage. A freely available excel version also computes terms of trade and balance of payments impacts at both country and regional levels. Several applications are presented, such as exploring the impact of the euro’s recent appreciation. Exchange rates and commodity prices
The Taylor Curve and the Variability Tradeoff

One of the most striking features of the economic landscape over the past twenty years or so has been a substantial decline in macroeconomic volatility. In a recent article, Olivier Blanchard and John Simon (2001) documented that the variability of quarterly growth in real output (as measured by its standard deviation) has declined by half since the mid-1980s, while the variability of quarterly inflation has declined by about two thirds. 1 Several writers on the topic have dubbed this remarkable decline in the variability of both output and inflation "the Great Moderation. " Similar declines in the volatility of output and inflation occurred at about the same time in other major industrial countries, with the recent exception of Japan, a country that has faced a distinctive set of economic problems in the past decade.
l ’ exposition à des stimuli sociaux virtuels module les déclarations de douleur subjective

University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Correspondence: Dr Jacob M Vigil, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1161, USA. Telephone 505-277-0374, fax 505-277-1394, e-mail vigilj@unm.edu Experimental pain tests provide essential information for understanding individual differences in pain sensitivities and clinical pain experiences (1-3). The efficacy of these experiments is contingent on the reliability of the methods used and the ability to control contextual factors that can influence pain measurements. Basic contextual factors, such as the gender of experimenters and other individuals in the immediate social context, have been shown to influence subjective pain reports (4-8). The majority of previous pain experiments have been subject to these potential confounds. What is not known is which sensory modalities of communication (eg, auditory, visual, olfactory cues) associated with person perception and gender processing influence experimental pain reporting. In the present study, we targeted two basic modalities of gender processing that may influence cold pressor task (CPT) pain performance – auditory and visual processing of a virtual male and a virtual female stranger stimulus – while controlling for the potential influence of laboratory personnel characteristics. Several studies show that interactions with experimenters differing in basic categories (eg, gender, authority role) and even the passive presence of others in the immediate social context can influence subjective and autonomic pain responses (6,9,10). For example, some research has shown that individuals sometimes demonstrate heightened exogenous pain sensitivity when they are in the presence of a female researcher or peer (4,6,11). Other studies have found that, for men only, passive interactions with female researchers, health examiners or female strangers during an experimental pain task (cold pressor, ischemic) can reduce pain sensitivity (5,8,12). Thus, it appears that, at least among women, the presence of female strangers tends to produce a hyperalgesic effect, whereas in men, the presence of females may result in both amplified as well as reduced pain sensitivities. These findings have been explained from a social signalling (evolutionary psychology) perspective, which is based on the prediction that females evolved the behavioural heuristic to express higher levels of pain-reaction behaviours (eg, hyperalgesia) and pain-empathizing original articlE
Predictive Equations for Respiratory Muscle Strength among Urban Healthy Indian Adults.

Background: The maximum static respiratory pressures measured at the mouth namely the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) reflects the strength of the respiratory muscles. These are simple, non invasive clinical tool which has both diagnostic and prognostic value. Objective: To establish prediction equations for MIP and MEP for both genders based on the normal mean reference values in healthy Indian adults. Methods: 500 subjects in the age group of 18-70 years with normal pulmonary function test were studied. The MIP and MEP was measured with respiratory pressure meter and the best of three efforts was recorded. Results: We evaluated 250 men and 250 women. The equations were as follows: MIP (cm H2O) (Males) : 139.06 –Age* (0.694) – Ht + (0.115) + Wt + + (0.190), MIP (cm H2O) (Females) : 108.267Age* (0.406) – Ht + (0.191) + Wt + + (0.261), MEP (cm H2O) (Males) : 170.59 – Age* (0.627) – Ht + (0.443) + Wt + + (0.345), MEP (cm H2O) (Females): 57.310 – Age* (0.394) + Ht + (0.095) + Wt + + (0.233) * Age in years + Height in centimetres + + Weight in Kilograms Conclusion: In clinical practice, these equations could be used to calculate the predicted values of MIP and MEP for healthy Indian adults.
A Comparative Study of Psychiatric Disorders among Mothers of Children with Chronic Diseases and Mothers of Healthy Children

This study was conducted to compare the psychiatric disorders in mothers of children with a chronic disease with mothers of healthy children. The study was observational-analytical case-control study. The study population included mothers of chronically ill children who were hospitalized in internal wards of the Tehran Children Medical Center and mothers of normal children who referred to the Dental Clinic of this center. For sampling, convenience sampling method was used and 127 mothers were selected (65 mothers of healthy children and 62 mothers of ill children). The instrument used was SCL-90-R and demographic questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that mothers of children with chronic disease had a significant difference in all components of psychiatric disorders (P
Spectral and temporal resolutions of information-bearing acoustic changes for understanding vocoded sentencesa )

Short-time spectral changes in the speech signal are important for understanding noise-vocoded sentences. These information-bearing acoustic changes, measured using cochlea-scaled entropy in cochlear implant simulations [CSECI; Stilp et al. (2013). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133(2), EL136–EL141; Stilp (2014). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 135(3), 1518–1529], may offer better understanding of speech perception by cochlear implant (CI) users. However, perceptual importance of CSECI for normal-hearing listeners was tested at only one spectral resolution and one temporal resolution, limiting generalizability of results to CI users. Here, experiments investigated the importance of these informational changes for understanding noise-vocoded sentences at different spectral resolutions (4–24 spectral channels; Experiment 1), temporal resolutions (4–64 Hz cutoff for low-pass filters that extracted amplitude envelopes; Experiment 2), or when both parameters varied (6–12 channels, 8–32 Hz; Experiment 3). Sentence intelligibility was reduced more by replacing high-CSECI intervals with noise than replacing low-CSECI intervals, but only when sentences had sufficient spectral and/or temporal resolution. High-CSECI intervals were more important for speech understanding as spectral resolution worsened and temporal resolution improved. Trade-offs between CSECI and intermediate spectral and temporal resolutions were minimal. These results suggest that signal processing strategies that emphasize information-bearing acoustic changes in speech may improve speech perception for CI users. VC 2015 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi. org/10.1121/1.4906179]
Effect of Governmental Ownership on the Intellectual Capital Index in Accepted Corporation in Tehran Stock Exchange

Present study was performed to study the influence of Governmental ownership on the intellectual capital index of the firms accepted in Tehran stock exchange market since 2005 to 2011. Data was examined and analyzed during 2012 and 2013. Taking into consideration some conditions of this study, 89 firms constituted the study sample. Dependent variable of this study was intellectual capital of the firms and independent variable also was Governmental ownership percentage. Control variables including the size, financial level and market efficiency were also used to precisely evaluate the results. Finally hypothesis affirmation was performed using EViews and using chaw, Hausman, stability and regression. Results of hypothesis test indicated that significant positive relationship between Governmental ownership percentage and intellectual capital. Estimated coefficient for Governmental ownership percentage was 0.014, with 0.005 significance level, which was lower than test error level (α=0.05). Thus, study hypothesis was accepted with 99% confidence level.
Radiolabeled Chondroitin Sulfate ( 99 mTcCS ) : Uptake and Binding Studies in Human Articular Chondrocytes and Cartilage in Osteoarthritis

Background: Chondroitin sulfate (CS), as Condrosulf (IBSA, Lugano, Switzerland) is used for treatment in patient with osteoarthritis (OA). A suitable and specific radiotracer for imaging of OA is not established yet. For this reason we radiolabeled CS and evaluated its action in OA. The aim of this study was to compare chondrocyte binding of 99mTcCS with cartilage uptake in tissues from patients with OA of different stage and severity. Methods: Radiolabeling of CS was performed using 99mTc (150180 MBq)/stannous chloride method. Uptake of 99mTcCS (185kBq) was studied in human cartilage tissue samples from patients undergoing knee arthroplasty (n=4, 63-82a). Human articular chondrocytes were isolated from these tissue samples for uptake (37 °C) and binding studies (4 °C) using cell suspension (one million cells/tube) as well as monolayer cultures (15,000 cells/well). Results: Labelling efficiency ranged 82.3-93.3%, specific activity of 99mTcCS was 4.5-4.9 mCi/μMol. We observed prolonged uptake of the tracer in tissue pieces up to 48 h amounting to a maximum of 49.2±2.2% of the total dose in heavily (grade III) versus 29.7±3.1% in mildly degenerated area (grade II). By autoradiography the uptake was also increasing with time in both areas of degeneration reaching saturation between 24-48 h. The maximum uptake was much higher in grade III tissues as compared to grade II tissues and amounted to 55.3±3.2% vs. 30.1±1.5%. The tracer uptake of chondrocytes in suspension culture after 24 h amounted to 16.9±1.3% from heavy degenerate and 10.8±2.1% from mild degenerate cartilage samples. Binding studies performed in monolayer cultures showed that both specific and non-specific binding from heavy and mild degenerate cartilage chondrocytes at 75 nmol/well reached the maximum binding after 2 h at this CS concentration. 62.4 % vs. 48.8% were bound by these cell populations originated from grade III and II OA cartilage. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate high specificity (chondrotropism) of 99mTcCS for OA cartilage and significant interaction with chondrocytes and extracellular matrix depending on OA stage, supporting the clinical application of 99mTcCS as a promising diagnostic tool in OA imaging and monitoring of therapy.