Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of rollback recovery to program locality of reference and page replacement policies

We study the impact of checkpointing-based fault tolerance on the program locality of reference and memory page (or cache block) replacement policies. We demonstrate that the current research in page/block replacement algorithms may not operate well with fault-tolerant programs. We include the identification of this critical research topic, and the development of an analytical model for fault propagation in a checkpointed program. This model is corroborated using simulation, and we propose a new page/block replacement algorithm that takes into account fault-triggered rollback(s). Performance is shown by an example study.
The implementation of 2-Bit decoders using Single Electron Linear Threshold Gates (LTGs)

The Single Electron (SE) Linear Threshold Gate (LTG) is one of the basic functional Single Electron Nano-Devices (SENDs). In this paper, a proposed 2-bit decoder that is composed of only four LTGs is presented. Both active-HIGH and active-LOW SE LTG 2-bit decoders are proposed. The detailed schematic diagrams along with the corresponding simulation results (using SIMON 2.0) of these 2-bit decoders are included.
Three-level NPC inverter with IGCT for high power AC drives

This paper present a high power three-level NPC inverter with the Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) devices. The power circuit consisted of a 12-pulse diodes rectifier and three-level NPC inverter with IGCT. A valid SVPWM control strategy filled with a TMS320F2407 DSP controller is proposed to improve power quality, reduce total harmonic distortion and overcome the problem of the minimum pulse width. Due to the three-level configuration and the valid SVPWM control method, the output harmonic is improved. The experimental of three phase system demonstrated that both the power circuit and control system designed are reasonable and valid.
Query construction based on concept importance for effective patent retrieval

Patent retrieval is a long query task whose aim is to retrieve all documents related to patent applications. However, current approaches face with the term mismatch problem, leading to low retrieval performance. To deal with this issue, we propose a novel automatic query construction approach based on semantic concept importance for effective patent retrieval. In this approach, natural language processing techniques are firstly adopted to analyze patent long query inputs. Then, candidate query concepts are generated according to the concept features. Further, a concept importance-based query construction algorithm is presented to select the representative query concepts. Experimental results on the standard patent dataset demonstrate that our proposed approach can significantly outperform other state-of-art methods.
The working principle of resistive tactile sensor cells

Tactile sensors systems are very important for today's service robotics. Designed as a holohedral cover for a robot, they are suitable for collision detection when working in unstructured environments, for human-machine interaction or, with a high resolution, as object sensors enabling dexterous hands for reactive gripping. In this paper, we explain construction and working principle of resistive tactile sensor cells. The latter is based on the change of the electrical resistance between a conductive polymer and at least two electrodes. For this effect, we formulate a model to describe the dependence between the sensor's electrical resistance and the applied load. The model enables further improvements of resistive tactile sensor cells.
Website fingerprinting attacks against Tor Browser Bundle: a comparison between HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2

Users of routing networks such as The Second-Generation Onion Router (Tor) expect a high level of anonymity, however, website fingerprinting of Tor traffic can be done with a high accuracy based on metadata of the encrypted data in the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) stream. An eavesdropper listening in on the traffic between the client and the guard node can get an accurate assumption of what website a user has visited by comparing the current stream to a labelled stream from a database that has been collected beforehand. This paper gives a comparison of website fingerprinting attacks between a Tor Browser Bundle (TBB) using just Hypertext Transfer Protocol 1.1 (HTTP/1.1) and a TBB using Hypertext Transfer Protocol 2 (HTTP/2). HTTP/2 has not been enabled by default in the TBB because the code has not been audited and the security implications of enabling it have not been examined. This paper contributes to this study of the implications of using HTTP/2 in TBB. In closed-world experiments an average accuracy of 88.036% (s = 2.0164%) was achieved for HTTP/1.1 and an average accuracy of 86.4585% (s = 3.0871%) for HTTP/2. When training with HTTP/1.1 and testing with HTTP/2 an average accuracy of 64.687% (s = 6.6631%) was achieved. When training with HTTP/2 and testing with HTTP/1.1 an average accuracy of 54.667% (s = 3.5286%) was achieved. The accuracy of an attacker’s website fingerprinting attack will suffer between 20% and 40% when doing a website fingerprinting attack when the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) version differs in his model from the one used by its target.
A GIS Based Integrated Land Use / Cover Change Model to Study Agricultural and Urban Land Use Changes

Land use and land cover is an important component in understanding the interactions of the human activities with the environment and thus it is necessary to be able to simulate such changes. The authors have developed a national scale, integrated, dynamic time-series simulation model called the ‘Anthropogenically Engineered Transformations of Land Use and Land Cover’ (AGENT-LUC) Model, which simulates two major land uses that are influenced by humankind – agricultural and urban land uses. The land use transformations are a result of the interaction of the biophysical drivers and human drivers. It applies the concept of the presence of an “agent” as the decision-maker based on the information available to it at a particular point in time and space, in simulating the land use/cover changes. In the process of development of this model, a new spatial model for population growth and changes has also been developed, which has shown that the land use conditions is a major contributing factor in the migratory tendencies. Model outputs are the changes in the cropping pattern of the agricultural land area, the expansion of the agricultural lands, rural-urban migrations and the spread of the urban areas. The model was applied to the Royal Kingdom of Thailand, at a decadal time step and the spatial and temporal results will be presented in the paper. The changes are simulated annually and the entire process is carried out on a grid (1km square) basis.
Risk Assessment for Oral Diseases

This paper seeks to achieve four goals, each of which forms the basis for a section in the presentation. First, the rationale of risk assessment is fully described. In this section, some of the necessary conditions are identified that make disease prediction worth pursuing. The second section discusses some essential background to the understanding of risk assessment in dentistry. In this segment, attention is focused on population-based and individual-based perspectives, alternative approaches to expressing health risk, and methods for comparing the predictive accuracy of alternative risk assessment models. The third section of the paper develops a conceptual frameworkforrisk assessment in dentistry. Particular emphasis is devoted to the identification of risk factors and their incorporation into alternative statistical models. In the fourth section, empirical data are offered by which certain comparisons of the alternative risk models can be drawn. The paper concludes with a discussion that emphasizes data and technical limitations, speculates on future applications, and suggests new avenues for research.
Genome shortcut leads to problems.

Mega YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes), which can carry DNA sequences up to 1.4 million bases long, were anticipated as a major for mapping the human genome. They have been found to have as much as 80% chimerism, however, and contain many deletions and rearrangements. This makes them useless for high-resolution mapping, but they are effective for connecting points over long distances. Mega YACs are still useful for mapping 95% of the human genome.
The effect of hyperosmotic blood—brain barrier disruption on blood‐to‐tissue transport in ENU‐induced gliomas

Hyperosmotic blood—brain barrier disruption transiently increases the rate of blood‐to‐tissue transport of water soluble compounds to normal brain and has been used in brain tumor patients to increase the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. This method remains controversial; debate concerns the extent to which it increases drug delivery to brain tumors. Ethylnitrosourea (ENU)‐induced gliomas in rats have the lowest rate of blood‐to‐tissue transfer of the water‐soluble compound alpha‐aminoisobutyric acid of all experimental brain tumor studied to date. To gain further understanding about the effect of hyperosomotic blood—brain barrier disruption in brain tumors, we measured the unidirectional blood‐to‐tissue transfer constant of alpha‐aminoisobutyric acid in ENU‐induced brain tumors in rats after hyperosmotic disruption. Hyperosmotic blood—brain barrier disruption with 1.6 osmolar mannitol resulted in an averaged whole‐tumor transfer constant of 0.013 ± 0.003 (standard error) mL/(g/min), compared to a transfer constant of 0.007 ± 0.002 mL/(g/min) for ENU‐induced gliomas in the contralateral undisrupted hemisphere, a difference that was not significant. In contrast, hyperosmotic blood—brain barrier disruption produced a large and significant increase in the transfer constant of alpha‐aminoisobutyric acid in tumor‐free cortex (from 0.002 ± 0.001 to 0.05 ± 0.011 mL/{g/min}) and in tumor‐free corpus callosum (from 0.001 ± 0.003 to 0.017 ± 0.005 mL/{g/min}). Hyperosmotic blood—brain barrier disruption does not appear to be an efficient method with which to increase the rate of delivery of water‐soluble drugs to brain tumors but does result in a significant increase in the delivery rate of these drugs to normal brain tissue.
A Locally Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network With Support Vector Regression for Dynamic-System Modeling

This paper proposes a new recurrent model, known as the locally recurrent fuzzy neural network with support vector regression (LRFNN-SVR), that handles problems with temporal properties. Structurally, an LRFNN-SVR is a five-layered recurrent network. The recurrent structure in an LRFNN-SVR comes from locally feeding the firing strength of each fuzzy rule back to itself. The consequent layer in an LRFNN-SVR is a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (T-S-K)-type consequent, which is a linear function of current states, regardless of system input and output delays. For the structure learning, a one-pass clustering algorithm clusters the input-training data and determines the number of network nodes in hidden layers. For the parameter learning, an iterative linear SVR algorithm is proposed to tune free parameters in the rule consequent part and feedback loops. The motivation for using SVR for parameter learning is to improve the LRFNN-SVR generalization ability. This paper demonstrates LRFNN-SVR capabilities by conducting simulations in dynamic system prediction and identification problems with noiseless and noisy data. In addition, this paper compares simulation results from the LRFNN-SVR with other recurrent fuzzy models.
Wood moisture content measurement at 2.45 GHz

Wood, being one of the most widely used construction materials by industry, relies on its moisture content for strength, durability and ductility. Lumber industry has long been searching for a non-destructive, accurate and fast method to determine moisture content in wood to replace the traditional one based on weighing. This paper evaluates the performance of a 2.45 GHz measuring system that determines moisture content of 4 cm thick wood samples. If dry wood and water densities are defined as the ratio between their masses and the volume of the wood sample, then they can be estimated by establishing the attenuation, phase shift and depolarization of the electromagnetic wave that propagates through the wood. Using this technique, moisture content of Radiata pine tree boards in the range of 0 to 68% has been established, with dry wood density ranging from 390 to 530 Kg/m3 and water density from 0 to 285 Kg/m3. This is an improvement of 2.4 times of previously reported measurements.
Essential Protein Discovery Based on Network Motif and Gene Ontology

Essential proteins are indispensable to support cellular life and constitute a minimal set required for a living cell. Fast progress in high-throughput technologies and large amount of data enable to discover essential proteins in system level by analyzing protein-protein interaction networks. A number of centrality algorithms are suggested to detect essential proteins, but they focus only on network structures. In this paper, we develop a new centrality algorithm, named MCGO which uses network motifs for centrality measure in the graph pruned by EDGE GO. EDGE GO algorithm utilizes Gene Ontology(GO) to trim a number of uninformative edges from the network. We compare the performance of our algorithm with DC (degree centrality) and SoECC (sum of edge clustering coefficient) against various evaluation measures. Experimental results applied to an yeast protein-protein interaction network downloaded from DIP database show that MCGO performs significantly better than DC and SoECC. We also show that DC and SoECC improve greatly when EDGE GO is applied to them.
Luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogues in the treatment of prostate cancer

The use of the luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues – goserelin (Zoladex™, AstraZeneca) and leuprorelin (Prostap™, Wyeth) – is well established and forms the backbone of the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. Comparable efficacy with orchidectomy and, historically, diethylstilbestrol (DES) is accepted, with the advantages of reversibility and limited thromboembolic and cardiovascular toxicity, respectively. Side effects such as hot flushes, loss of libido, lethargy and decreased bone mineral density have recently stimulated more interest in the use of non-steroidal anti-androgens such as bicalutamide (Casodex™, AstraZeneca) in locally advanced disease. Although better tolerated, bicalutamide has significant problems with gynaecomastia and breast pain. Maximal androgen blockade using LHRH analogues and their adjuvant use with radiotherapy are discussed, as well as their experimental application in intermittent androgen suppression therapy. Similar side effect profiles are reported for the LHRH analogues but injection tolerability differs with the smaller 23G needle for Prostap 3 compared to the 16G needle for Zoladex LA. There is no evidence to suggest a difference in the efficacy between the LHRH analogues goserelin and leuprorelin, although no direct comparison has yet been undertaken.
The Microbiome and Musculoskeletal Conditions of Aging: A Review of Evidence for Impact and Potential Therapeutics

Recently, we have begun to realize that the billions of microorganisms living in symbiosis with us have an influence on disease. Evidence is mounting that the alimentary tract microbiome, in particular, influences both host metabolic potential and its innate and adaptive immune system. Inflammatory states characterize many bone and joint diseases of aging. This prompts the hypothesis that the gut microbiome could alter the inflammatory state of the individual and directly influence the development of these common and burdensome clinical problems. Because the microbiome is easily modifiable, this could have major therapeutic impact. This perspective discusses evidence to date on the role of the microbiome and the highly prevalent age‐related disorders of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcopenia, and frailty. It also reviews data on the effects of probiotics and prebiotic interventions in animal and human models. Despite suggestive findings, research to date is not conclusive, and we identify priorities for research to substantiate and translate findings. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
[Diagnostic imaging of the head and neck].

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Long-Term Correlation between Influenza Vaccination Coverage and Incidence of Influenza-Like Illness in 14 European Countries

We aimed to examine the long-term correlation between influenza vaccination coverage and the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the total and elderly populations of European countries for which data was available on at least six consecutive influenza seasons. We graphically visualised vaccination coverage and ILI incidence trends and calculated Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Additionally, we fitted a negative binomial regression model to estimate the change in ILI incidence per percentage point change in vaccination coverage. We found significant negative correlations for the total population of the Netherlands (ρ = -0.60, p-value = 0.003) and for the elderly populations of England (ρ = -0.80, p-value < 0.001) and Germany (ρ = -0.57, p-value = 0.04). However, results were not consistent, and for some countries we observed significant positive correlations. Only for the elderly in England was there a significant decline in incidence rate per percentage point increase in vaccination coverage (incidence rate ratio = 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.88–0.99). Based on this ecological study it is not possible to provide evidence for a negative correlation between influenza vaccination coverage and ILI incidence. For future, aetiological studies to assess impact of influenza vaccinations on the population, there is a need for high quality data over long periods of time, on proportion of ILI caused by influenza virus infection, on severe outcome measures such as hospitalisation for influenza, and on other factors that potentially affect influenza transmission.
Peptones Stimulate Intestinal Cholecystokinin Gene Transcription via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Factors.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a potent intestinal hormone that regulates several digestive functions. Despite the physiological importance of CCK, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern its synthesis and secretion are not completely identified. Peptones, which are fair counterparts of the protein fraction in the intestinal lumen, are good stimulants of CCK secretion. We have previously shown that peptones activate CCK gene transcription in STC-1 enteroendocrine cells. The DNA element(s) necessary to induce the transcriptional stimulation was preliminary, localized in the first 800 bp of the CCK gene promoter. In the present study, we identify a DNA element [peptone-response element (PepRE)] essential to confer peptone-responsiveness to the CCK promoter, and we characterize the transcription factors implicated. Localization of the PepRE between −93 and −70 bp of the promoter was established using serial 5′-3′deletions. Systematic site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the core PepRE sequence, sp.
The Sequence-specific DNA Binding of NF-κB Is Reversibly Regulated by the Automodification Reaction of Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1*

Recent studies suggest that the synthesis of protein-bound ADP-ribose polymers catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) regulates eucaryotic gene expression, including the NF-κB-dependent pathway. Here, we report the molecular mechanism by which PARP-1 activates the sequence-specific binding of NF-κB to its oligodeoxynucleotide. We co-incubated pure recombinant human PARP-1 and the p50 subunit of NF-κB (NF-κB-p50) in the presence or absence of βNAD+ in vitro. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that, when PARP-1 was present, NF-κB-p50 DNA binding was dependent on the presence of βNAD+. DNA binding by NF-κB-p50 was not efficient in the absence of βNAD+. In fact, the binding was not efficient in the presence of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) either. Thus, we conclude that NF-κB-p50 DNA binding is protein-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation dependent. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis revealed that PARP-1 physically interacts with NF-κB-p50 with high specificity in the absence of βNAD+. Because NF-kB-p50 was not an efficient covalent target for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, our results are consistent with the conclusion that the auto-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction catalyzed by PARP-1 facilitates the binding of NF-κB-p50 to its DNA by inhibiting the specific protein·protein interactions between NF-κB-p50 and PARP-1. We also report the activation of NF-κB DNA binding by the automodification reaction of PARP-1 in cultured HeLa cells following exposure to H2O2. In these experiments, preincubation of HeLa cells with 3-AB, prior to oxidative damage, strongly inhibited NF-κB activation in vivo as well.
Comorbidity : Psychiatric Comorbidity in Persons With Dementia April

The assessment and treatment of psychiatric symptoms in persons with cognitive dysfunction are becoming increasingly important. Prevalence estimates of dementia in the United States range from 5% in those aged 71 to 79 years to 25% to 50% in those 90 or older. Up to 90% of patients with dementia have psychiatric comorbidities.1,2 Physicians who treat patients with dementia must remember that dementia is not merely a problem with memory. The presence of one or more additional cognitive disturbances, including aphasia, apraxia, or agnosia, is required to make the diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Furthermore, some patients may present with changes in personality or deficits in executive function rather than memory impairment, which complicates the initial diagnosis.3 Additional mental and behavioral disturbances often affect patients and caregivers as much as memory deficits and may influence quality of life, the need for institutionalization, mortality, and caregiver burden.2,4,5 This article emphasizes neuropsychiatric disturbances with the greatest prevalence and morbidity in persons with dementia. It also addresses comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders, as well as psychological and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia—psychosis and agitation/aggression.3,6 DEPRESSION Depression affects 20% to 32% of persons with dementia: the prevalence is higher in patients with vascular dementia than in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). 6 Assessing depression in dementia patients poses several challenges. Depressive symptoms can be the initial manifestations of dementia and may fluctuate over time.2,3 Compared with older patients with intact cognition, patients with dementia are more likely to report a diminished ability to concentrate or indecisiveness during a major depressive episode.4 On the other hand, patients with dementia are less likely to report insomnia/hypersomnia, feelings of worthlessness and guilt, or thoughts of death/suicide.4