Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Creative Destruction

nowski in 1930 with the Philip Mitchell who was governor of Kenya (and was equally suspicious of anthropologists) in the 1950s or when he identifies a “William Fosbrooke” as the new director of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute as a “scholaradministrator” (p. 106) resented by Gluckman, forgetting that the actual Henry Fosbrooke was a PhD student of Audrey Richards at Makerere and the most ardent advocate of academic publication within the tradition of Tanganyika government anthropology. Mills’s writing sometimes makes one feel that the holism common to both ethnographers and historians—of trying to get at whatever evidence the available sources can provide—has not been fully employed in this book. In fact, chapter 3, on the relationship between Oxford and the London School of Economics (LSE), completely ignores the colonial background of both departments, most significantly where it fails to discern that Oxbridge incorporated the conservative ethnology of colonial administrators while the Fabian LSE tried to achieve a kind of social scientific and anthropological renewal—via Haddon, Rivers, Seligman, Malinowski, and, not least, Breckenridge and Carr-Saunders. Mills leaves out not only this political history but also the politics of its transatlantic sources of funding (through the Rockefeller connections described by Stocking and others). Mills’s notion of a “political history of anthropology,” therefore, is sadly truncated—although it must be said that this does not radically differentiate his account from those of other historians of anthropology such as Stocking, Kuper, or Kuklick. While all of these scholars add their own valuable perspective to the assessment of the history of anthropology, neither Mills nor Kuper nor Kuklick has a theory of the politics of anthropology that can match the sophistication of the anthropology of politics—at least not at the level of theory that has emerged since Talal Asad and Johannes Fabian, among others, argued how popular anthropology became a part of the hegemonic discourses that have come to determine the global position of the discipline. Mills’s narrowly national focus does not elevate us out of that conundrum. A truly social and political history of anthropology places our work in a less metropolitan and more colonial and postcolonial context, in which the aggregation of ideas, individuals, identities, and institutions—Mills’s four main analytic foci—show that the holistic anthropological analysis of social relationships is also an analysis of ourselves.
Microbial degradation of acenaphthene and naphthalene under denitrification conditions in soil-water systems

This study examined the microbial degradation of acenaphthene and naphthalene under denitrification conditions at soil-to-water ratios of 1:25 and 1:50 with soil containing approximately 10(5) denitrifying organisms per g of soil. Under nitrate-excess conditions, both acenaphthene and naphthalene were degraded from initial aqueous-phase concentrations of about 1 and several mg/liter respectively, to nondetectable levels (less than 0.01 mg/liter) in less than 9 weeks. Acclimation periods of 12 to 36 days were observed prior to the onset of microbial degradation in tests with soil not previously exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, whereas acclimation periods were absent in tests with soil reserved from prior PAH degradation tests. It was judged that the apparent acclimation period resulted from the time required for a small population of organisms capable of PAH degradation to attain sufficient densities to exhibit detectable PAH reduction, rather than being a result of enzyme induction, mutation, or use of preferential substrate. About 0.9% of the naturally occurring soil organic carbon could be mineralized under denitrification conditions, and this accounted for the greater proportion of the nitrate depletion. Mineralization of the labile fraction of the soil organic carbon via microbial denitrification occurred without an observed acclimation period and was rapid compared with PAH degradation. Under nitrate-limiting conditions the PAH compounds were stable owing to the depletion of nitrate via the more rapid process of soil organic carbon mineralization. Soil sorption tests showed at the initiation of a test that the total mass of PAH compound was divided in comparable proportions between solute in the aqueous phase and solute sorbed on the solid phase. The microbial degradation of the PAH compound depends on the interrelationships between (i) the desorption kinetics and the reversibility of desorption of sorbed compound from the soil, (ii) the concentration of PAH-degrading microorganisms, and (iii) the competing reaction for nitrate utilization via mineralization of the labile fraction of naturally occurring soil organic carbon.
Free software needs profit

open-source software and business is not just a historical artifact, but a necessity. On its own, open-source software lacks essential ingredients for mainstream adoption. Commercial businesses tied to open-source packages provide these ingredients and help drive open-source packages into the mainstream. At the same time, they provide additional resources for developing the free components of the software. Most open-source projects start out with a single programmer solving a personal problem and making the solution available to others. The early adopters of an open-source package tend to be like the creator: sophisticated programmers with a particular problem that the open-source package solves. These people can tolerate the risk of using a package without much documentation or support, and they are happy to help improve the package so that it better meets their needs. However, the most successful open-source packages fill a much broader need that goes beyond the core community of sophisticated programmers. As the user community for an open-source package grows, it eventually becomes dominated by mainstream corporate users who have less risk tolerance and are often not sophisticated programmers. These users have different needs than the core developer community, and open-source packages don’t usually meet all their needs. For example, open-source packages typically have weak documentation and often lack introductory or tutorial material. They are often packaged inconveniently, requiring compilation or configuration to install. Development tools are often missing. Informal support may be available through a mailing list or network news group, and the quality is often excellent, but there is no guarantee that any particular problem will be resolved quickly. As an open-source package becomes more and more popular, a widening gap develops between the needs of the user community and the features provided by the core developers. Eventually, commercial ventures will form to fill this gap. The user community will demand the additional services and offer to pay for them, so the business opportunities eventually become irresistable. The commercial activities around an
Pharmacological studies comparing the mechanism of tumor-induced and activated macrophage-induced bone marrow cytolysis.

The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin -activated macrophage-induced marrow cytotoxicity assay and the tumor-induced marrow cytotoxicity assay were used to explore in vitro the similarities and differences between the mechanisms by which activated macrophages and cancer cells destroy normal cells in vivo . 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, an agent that alkylates DNA, RNA, and proteins, is an effective inhibitor of tumor-induced and activated macrophage-induced marrow cytotoxicity. Actinomycin D, an ineffective inhibitor of tumor-induced marrow cytotoxicity, was an effective inhibitor of macrophage-induced marrow cytotoxicity. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, was an effective inhibitor of macrophage-induced marrow cytotoxicity, but not tumor-induced marrow cytotoxicity. The protease inhibitor, N -α- p -tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone HCl, which has trypsin specificity, was found to be an effective inhibitor of both tumor- and macrophage-induced marrow cytotoxicity. Macrophage-induced marrow cytotoxicity, unlike tumor-induced marrow cytotoxicity, was also inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor and Trasylol. Macrophage- and tumor-induced marrow cytotoxicity were stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate and by dexamethasone. The metabolic inhibitors, NaF and KCN, inhibited both macrophage- and tumor-induced marrow cytotoxicity. Macrophage-induced marrow cytotoxicity, unlike tumor-induced marrow cytotoxicity, was shown to be inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, suggesting that macrophage-mediated marrow cytolysis may be a calcium-magnesium-dependent process. Superoxide dismutase and catalase were ineffective inhibitors of cytotoxicity, suggesting that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide do not cause marrow cytolysis. These data suggest that macrophage-induced marrow cytotoxicity, like tumor-induced marrow cytotoxicity, may be mediated by cellular proteins near or on the cell membrane and that both normal and neoplastic cells with cytolytic capacity share similar mechanisms for cell destruction.
Adaptive Neural Network Control of a Marine Vessel With Constraints Using the Asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov Function

In this paper, we consider the trajectory tracking of a marine surface vessel in the presence of output constraints and uncertainties. An asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function is employed to cope with the output constraints. To handle the system uncertainties, we apply adaptive neural networks to approximate the unknown model parameters of a vessel. Both full state feedback control and output feedback control are proposed in this paper. The state feedback control law is designed by using the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse in case that all states are known, and the output feedback control is designed using a high-gain observer. Under the proposed method the controller is able to achieve the constrained output. Meanwhile, the signals of the closed loop system are semiglobally uniformly bounded. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed controller.
Genetic Diversity Studies on Selected Rice (Oryza sativa L) Populations Based on Aroma and Cooked Kernel Elongation

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Improving cooking and eating quality of rice is one of the important objectives of many plant breeding programs. Aroma and cooked kernel elongation are two critical parameters that determine the market value, cooking and eating qualities of rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of thirteen (13) Oryza sativa L. populations from Kenyan and Tanzanian. Genetic diversity was determined using 8 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Diversity data was analyzed using POWERMARKER version 3.25 and GENALEX v 6.5 software packages. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 4 alleles with an average of 3.12 across 8 loci. The polymorphic information content (pic) ranged from 0.2920 (RM 282) to 0.6409 (RM 339) in all loci with an average of 0.4821. Pair-wise genetic dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.1125 to 0.9003 with an average of 0.5312. The average gene diversity over all SSR loci for the 13 rice varieties was 0.6036, ranging from 0.3550 to 0.6391. Maximum genetic similarity was observed between Kilombero and Supa, BS 370 and BS 217. Minimum genetic similarity was observed between Kahogo and BS 217. Cluster analysis was used to group varieties by constructing dendrograms based on SSR data and morphological characterization of grains. The dendrogram based on SSR data formed two distinct clusters of the 13 rice varieties. RM 339 and RM 241 were the most informative markers and could be used for differentiating rice varieties from diverse geographical origins. Results obtained from this study demonstrated that use of trait specific SSR markers can be relied upon in diversity studies among diverse and closely related genotypes. RM 339 and RM 241 markers are recommended for use in diversity studies and in quality assurance for grading of rice varieties. Further analysis should be carried out using a larger number of samples and markers to come up a more conclusive report on the discriminating power of microsatellite markers based on rice grain quality traits.
Gap Junction Connexin Genes cx26 and cx43 Are Differentially Regulated by Ovarian Steroid Hormones in Rat Endometrium.

In rat endometrium, expression of gap junction connexin-26 (cx26) in the epithelium and cx43 in the uterine stroma is suppressed by progesterone before implantation. For further study of connexin gene regulation we analyzed expression of cx26, cx43, and cx32 in the endometrium of ovariectomized rats treated with different ratios of 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P). A hormonal ratio of E2 to P that mimics conditions during pregnancy (0.1μ g E2 and 4 mg P) suppressed expression of cx26 and cx43. By changing the ratio to higher E2 levels (1 μg E2), cx26, in contrast to cx43, was not suppressed even by application of a high P concentration (10 mg). Time-course experiments supplying E2 alone led to an early gene response of cx26 within 3 h, whereas induction of cx43 transcripts was not detected until 14 h after E2 treatment. Simultaneous application of the antiestrogen ICI 182780 abolished E2-mediated induction of both connexins. No hormonal regulation of cx32 could be detected. As already shown for cx4.
Wireless sensor node for fruit growing monitoring

This paper presents a wireless sensor node designed and developed for fruit growing monitoring. The data acquisition node, the sensors signals conditioning interface and the low cost diameter sensor are described in detail. The proposed solution offers several advantages like minimal human interaction, low costs of implementation and monitoring of many fruits. The results for the node energy consumption measured in laboratory are presented and an acquisition for many days is performed for following environmental parameters: air temperature, air humidity, light intensity and rainfall. Finally, the developed sensor node is characterized and its performances are evaluated.
Visualization of Na,K‐ATPase Interacting Proteins Using FRET Technique

Abstract: Signaling transduction mediated by protein aggregates within specific microdomains has been receiving increased attention. We previously showed that Na,K‐ATPase, partially inhibited by ouabain, induces intracellular calcium (Ca2+) oscillations which involve Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Plasma membrane bound Na,K‐ATPase and proteins in the ER are in close proximity to each other, and signal transduction may occur via a physical interaction or a microdomain. To study these signaling pathways and intricate microenvironments, sophisticated methods are required. One way to detect molecular interactions in the nanometer scale (1‐10 nm) is fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Thus, FRET provides vital insight into the action of Na,K‐ATPase to trigger intracellular signaling events.
Does cosmetic surgery improve psychosocial wellbeing?

Both men and women are becoming increasingly concerned about their physical appearance and are seeking cosmetic enhancement. Most studies report that people are generally happy with the outcome of cosmetic procedures, but little rigorous evaluation has been done. More extensive (”type change”) procedures (eg, rhinoplasty) appear to require greater psychological adjustment by the patient than “restorative” procedures (eg, face‐lift). Patients who have unrealistic expectations of outcome are more likely to be dissatisfied with cosmetic procedures. Some people are never satisfied with cosmetic interventions, despite good procedural outcomes. Some of these have a psychiatric disorder called “body dysmorphic disorder”.
Defective clonogenic potential of CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with AIDS. Expansion in vivo of a nonclonogenic CD3+CD8+DR+CD25- T cell population.

This study examines the potential mechanism(s) responsible for the defective clonability of CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients with AIDS. By the combined use of one- and two-color fluorescence cytofluorometry we have shown an increase in the number of circulating DR+ cells due to the expression of DR on a relatively large proportion of T lymphocytes (one-third of CD3+ cells), the majority of them belonging to the CD8+ subset. In addition, the majority of CD8+DR+ cells in AIDS patients did not express CD25 Ag (the receptor for IL-2), a surface marker generally expressed on normal activated T lymphocytes. Sorted CD8+DR+ and CD8+DR- cell populations were analyzed comparatively for their ability to proliferate in response to different stimuli, including anti-CD3, anti-CD2, alone or in combination with anti-CD28 mAb and mitogens such as PHA, alone or in combination with PMA. We have demonstrated that CD8+DR+ cells were severely defective in their proliferative response to triggering via these major pathways of T cell activation even when an exogenous source of IL-2 or IL-4 was added to the microcultures 24 h after initiating the cultures. In contrast, CD8+DR- cells showed a significant proliferation in response to the different stimuli and the proliferative response was strongly enhanced by the addition of IL-2 or IL-4. At the end of the stimulation period CD8+DR+ and CD8+DR- proliferating populations were analyzed for CD25 Ag expression. Only 1 to 10% of CD8+DR+ cells expressed CD25 antigen compared with 40 to 50% of CD8+DR- cells. The proliferative defect of CD8+DR+ cells was further confirmed in experiments performed at the clonal level. The analysis of the frequency of proliferating T lymphocyte-precursors in both CD8+DR+ and CD8+DR- subsets showed that the defective clonogenic potential of CD8+ cells in AIDS patients could be in large part ascribed to CD8+DR+ cells. Five percent of CD8+DR+ cells showed a clonogenic potential compared to the 25% of CD8+DR- cells. Finally, we analyzed the surface expression of VLA-2 Ag, a marker of a chronic state of T cell activation, on circulating T lymphocytes. We have shown that a large proportion of CD3+DR+CD25- cells (50 to 80% in the different patients with AIDS analyzed) expressed VLA-2 Ag. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Neural speech recognition: continuous phoneme decoding using spatiotemporal representations of human cortical activity

Objective. The superior temporal gyrus (STG) and neighboring brain regions play a key role in human language processing. Previous studies have attempted to reconstruct speech information from brain activity in the STG, but few of them incorporate the probabilistic framework and engineering methodology used in modern speech recognition systems. In this work, we describe the initial efforts toward the design of a neural speech recognition (NSR) system that performs continuous phoneme recognition on English stimuli with arbitrary vocabulary sizes using the high gamma band power of local field potentials in the STG and neighboring cortical areas obtained via electrocorticography. Approach. The system implements a Viterbi decoder that incorporates phoneme likelihood estimates from a linear discriminant analysis model and transition probabilities from an n-gram phonemic language model. Grid searches were used in an attempt to determine optimal parameterizations of the feature vectors and Viterbi decoder. Main results. The performance of the system was significantly improved by using spatiotemporal representations of the neural activity (as opposed to purely spatial representations) and by including language modeling and Viterbi decoding in the NSR system. Significance. These results emphasize the importance of modeling the temporal dynamics of neural responses when analyzing their variations with respect to varying stimuli and demonstrate that speech recognition techniques can be successfully leveraged when decoding speech from neural signals. Guided by the results detailed in this work, further development of the NSR system could have applications in the fields of automatic speech recognition and neural prosthetics.
The Prevention Index: using technology to improve quality assessment.

OBJECTIVE To improve quality of care assessment for preventive medical services and reduce assessment costs through development of a comprehensive prevention quality assessment methodology based on electronic medical records (EMRs). DATA SOURCES Random sample of 775 adult and 201 child members of a large nonprofit managed care system. STUDY DESIGN Problems with current, labor-intensive quality measures were identified and remedied using EMR capabilities. The Prevention Index (PI) was modeled by assessing five-year patterns of delivery of 24 prevention services to adult and child health maintenance organization (HMO) members and comparing those services to consensus recommendations and to selected Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) scores for the HMO. DATA COLLECTION Comprehensive chart reviews of 976 randomly selected members of a large managed care system were used to model the Prevention Index. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Current approaches to prevention quality assessment have serious limitations. The PI eliminates these limitations and can summarize care in a single comprehensive index that can be readily updated. The PI prioritizes services based on benefit, using a person-time approach, and separates preventive from diagnostic and therapeutic services. CONCLUSIONS Current methods for assessing quality are expensive, cannot be applied at all system levels, and have several methodological limitations. The PI, derived from EMRs, allows comprehensive assessment of prevention quality at every level of the system and at lower cost. Standardization of quality assessment capacities of EMRs will permit accurate cross-institutional comparisons.
Integrity Attestation and Auto-correction of Services for SaaS Clouds

: SaaS systems helps the Application Service Provider’s (ASP’s) to convey their service to the users by making use of cloud computing infrastructure. But because of the partake nature of SaaS clouds, they are often exposed and provide liable chance or the attackers to easily accomplish their strategic attacks. In this paper, we present integrity test which is a novel service integrity attestation for SaaS clouds. Integrity test can detect the fake service providers using an integrated graph attestation analysis method which is better than existing methods. And in addition to that integrity test obsolete the auto-correction of the fake services, that is; it automatically rectifies the corrupted result invoked by the fake service providers and replace it with the justified results provided by genuine service providers. Integrity test can attain higher precision in pinpointing fake attackers than existing techniques.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety is a part of daily life. While mild levels of anxiety can be positive, moderate to severe levels can cause intense distress. When anxiety interferes with a person's ability to function, it warrants treatment. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic disabling condition characterized by at least 6 months of frequent worries and three of the following symptoms: fatigue, restlessness, poor concentration, irritability, muscle tension, and unsatisfying sleep. The primary treatment for anxiety is pharmacotherapy. Medication prescribed for anxiety has shifted from exclusive benzodiazepine therapy to a combination of benzodiazepine and antidepressant drugs. The principal disadvantages of benzodiazepines are their long-term use with associated physical dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms. Several reports support the serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of anxiety disorders.