Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR THE SUBUNIT STRUCTURE OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES.

The lactate dehydrogenases commonly occur in from one to five molecular forms (isozymes) in the various tissues of an animal species. ' By means of zone electrophoresis, characteristic patterns of these isozymes may be demonstrated in each tissue. In adult animals, most tissues contain all five isozymes but in different proportions. Usually, heart muscle exhibits principally the first, or most negatively-charged, isozyme (LDH-1), while skeletal muscle and liver contain chiefly the most positively-charged (LDH-5). Appella and Markert2 treated crystalline lactate dehydrogenase from beef heart with 5 M guanidine-HCl. This reagent dissociates the LDH molecule into four subunits of equal molecular weight, as determined by sedimentation studies. These subunits, or polypeptide chains, were shown to exist in two different electrophoretic varieties which Markert3 has designated as subunits A and B. Moreover, he theorized that the five isozymes are the five different tetramers that would be obtained by associating these two subunits in all possible combinations of four.2' 3 Cahn et al.,4 using chicken LDH, showed that the two "pure" tetramers (LDH-1 and -5) are immunologically distinct and, further, that the three intermediate isozymes (LDH-2, -3, and 4) are cross-reactive with both pure types. Thus, these intermediate isozymes presumably contain both kinds of subunits. Recently, Markert3 dissociated LDH-1 and LDH-5 into subunits by freezing in 1 M NaCl; after thawing, the subunits recombined at random in groups of four to yield all five isozymes in approximately the expected ratio of 1:4:6:4:1. The postulated subunit formulae for the LDH isozymes makes these relationships clear: LDH-1 = BBBB, LDH-2 = BBBA, LDH-3 = BBAA, LDH-4 = BAAA, LDH-5 = AAAA. It has been tacitly assumed that the two different polypeptides, A and B, are under separate genetic control. This study presents genetic data which support this assumption. It also reinforces the concept of a tetrameric structure of the LDH molecule. Materials and Methods. -The animals were obtained from a laboratory population of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus. All animals studied were at least 2 months old, and females were nonpregnant and nonlactating at the time of study. The mice were killed by decapitation, and tissues to be analyzed were removed immediately, washed in cold 0.9% saline solution, blotted, weighed, and homogenized in a glass homogenizer with the appropriate amount of cold distilled water, which was usually 3-10 times the volume of the tissue. Liver, kidney, brain, and testis were routinely studied. The homogenate was placed in a polypropylene centrifuge tube, frozen and thawed twice, and centrifuged at 25,000 X g for ten min at 4-80C. The clear supernatant was removed, and 40 microliters were added to the starch-gel insert. Vertical electrophoresis was carried out for 18 hr at a voltage
Prexasertib, a cell cycle checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 inhibitor, increases in vitro toxicity of PARP inhibition by preventing Rad51 foci formation in BRCA wild type high-grade serous ovarian cancer

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been effective in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), although clinical activity is limited against BRCA wild type HGSOC. The nearly universal loss of normal p53 regulation in HGSOCs causes dysfunction in the G1/S checkpoint, making tumor cells reliant on Chk1-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest for DNA repair. Therefore, Chk1 is a reasonable target for a combination strategy with PARPi in treating BRCA wild type HGSOC. Here we investigated the combination of prexasertib mesylate monohydrate (LY2606368), a Chk1 and Chk2 inhibitor, and a PARP inhibitor, olaparib, in HGSOC cell lines (OVCAR3, OV90, PEO1 and PEO4) using clinically attainable concentrations. Our findings showed combination treatment synergistically decreased cell viability in all cell lines and induced greater DNA damage and apoptosis than the control and/or monotherapies (p<0.05). Treatment with olaparib in BRCA wild type HGSOC cells caused formation of Rad51 foci, whereas the combination treatment with prexasertib inhibited transnuclear localization of Rad51, a key protein in homologous recombination repair. Overall, our data provide evidence that prexasertib and olaparib combination resulted in synergistic cytotoxic effects against BRCA wild type HGSOC cells through reduced Rad51 foci formation and greater induction of apoptosis. This may be a novel therapeutic strategy for HGSOC.
Differentially expressed genes in mycorrhized and nodulated roots of common bean are associated with defense, cell wall architecture, N metabolism, and P metabolism

Legumes participate in two important endosymbiotic associations, with phosphorus-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM, soil fungi) and with nitrogen-fixing bacterial rhizobia. These divergent symbionts share a common symbiotic signal transduction pathway that facilitates the establishment of mycorrhization and nodulation in legumes. However, the unique and shared downstream genes essential for AM and nodule development have not been identified in crop legumes. Here, we used ion torrent next-generation sequencing to perform comparative transcriptomics of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) roots colonized by AM or rhizobia. We analyzed global gene expression profiles to identify unique and shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that regulate these two symbiotic interactions, and quantitatively compared DEG profiles. We identified 3,219 (1,959 upregulated and 1,260 downregulated) and 2,645 (1,247 upregulated and 1,398 downregulated) unigenes that were differentially expressed in response to mycorrhizal or rhizobial colonization, respectively, compared with uninoculated roots. We obtained quantitative expression profiles of unique and shared genes involved in processes related to defense, cell wall structure, N metabolism, and P metabolism in mycorrhized and nodulated roots. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that most genes involved in jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling, N metabolism, and inositol phosphate metabolism are variably expressed during symbiotic interactions. These combined data provide valuable information on symbiotic gene signaling networks that respond to mycorrhizal and rhizobial colonization, and serve as a guide for future genetic strategies to enhance P uptake and N-fixing capacity to increase the net yield of this valuable grain legume.
Evidence on the participation of protein kinase C α in the proliferation of cultured myoblasts

There is evidence involving protein kinase C (PKC) in the signal transduction pathways that regulate the differentiation of myoblasts into mature multinucleated muscle cells (myotubes). In order to obtain information on the possible role of individual PKC isozymes in myogenesis, in the present work we investigated the differential expression of PKC isoforms α, β, δ, ϵ, and ζ during muscle cell development in vitro. Chick embryo myoblasts cultured from 1 to 6 days were used as experimental model. Morphological characterization and measurement of specific biochemical parameters in cultures, e.g., DNA synthesis, creatine kinase activity, and myosin levels, revealed a typical muscle cell developmental pattern consisting of an initial proliferation of myoblasts followed by their differentiation into myotubes. PKC activity was high at the proliferative stage, decreased as myoblasts elongated and fused, and increased again in differentiated myotubes. In proliferating myoblasts, the PKC inhibitors calphostin C and bisindolylmaleimide I decreased DNA synthesis whereas in myoblasts undergoing differentiation they exerted the opposite effect, suggesting that PKC plays a role at both stages of myogenesis. Western blot analysis of changes in the expression of PKC isoforms during muscle cell development showed high levels of PKC α in the proliferating phase which markedly decreased as myoblasts differentiated. Treatment with TPA of proliferative myoblasts inhibited DNA synthesis and selectively down‐regulated PKC α, suggesting that this isozyme may have an important role in maintaining myoblast proliferation. On the other hand, an increase in the expression of PKC β, δ, and ϵ was detected during myogenesis, suggesting that one or more of these isoforms may participate in the differentiation process of myoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 74:292–300, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
USO DA TERRA NA REGIÃO METADE SUL - RS

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: desenvolvimento rural, Metade Sul, estrutura fundiaria. INTRODUCAO: O trabalho tem como proposta o reconhecimento e analise da estrutura fundiaria da Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul e associar sua organizacao com o desenvolvimento socioeconomico da area priorizando o desenvolvimento rural, onde a ausencia de disponibilidade de recursos naturais, em especial de terra, e capaz de efetuar o uso irracional do solo e dificultar o alcance de resultados positivos e de ganhos as populacoes rurais em seu processo de reproducao. Desse modo, a proposta se apoia na competencia de utilizar metodologias e tecnicas modernas e de ser capaz de desenvolver estudos referentes a sustentabilidade em seus varios campos de entendimento, ao considerar as “paisagens unicas” com referencia ao ecossistema do Pampa. Tambem, e principalmente, de gerar condicoes de permanencia no campo aqueles que detem pouca terra disponivel a sua realizacao social e economica.A partir dos estudos ja desenvolvidos na area e de acordo com as prefeituras, considera-se a area prioritaria de pesquisa, por deter problemas de acao antropica, devido a fragilidade de sua composicao fisica frente a intensidade de uso e que tende a se agravar, se persistindo o quadro atual, pois os elementos da paisagem (padroes naturais e humanos) sao utilizados como substratos positivos na formacao das economias municipais. Nesta sequencia de raciocinio o projeto em desenvolvimento tem como objetivos:Conhecer a estrutura fundiaria das unidades politico-administrativas e o uso da terra, atraves de seus sistemas de producao, na Regiao Metade Sul, que devera estar em equilibrio com o uso racional do solo e o gerenciamento da producao visando a administracao sustentavel das unidades de producao e, assim, promovendo o desenvolvimento rural indispensavel a formacao do capital social.
Unrestricted replication of human cytomegalovirus in hydrocortisone-treated macrophages

Monocytes differentiated in the presence of phytohemagglutinin P-stimulated T cells could be infected with human cytomegalovirus AD169 and produced low levels of infectious virus. Additional treatment with therapeutic levels of hydrocortisone resulted in a 10- to 100-fold increase in infectious virus production. Hydrocortisone-treated cells demonstrated immediate-early protein kinetics similar to that observed with human fibroblasts, whereas a delay of up to 24 h was observed with untreated cells. Late protein production was barely detectable by immunostaining without hydrocortisone treatment. In treated cells, however, late protein was detected and the levels correlated with the number of cells producing infectious virus. This system provides a model for human cytomegalovirus infection of macrophages in humans.
1 TQM AND BUSINESS INNOVATION

Business innovation, that is, the adaptation of management systems to the changing conditions of the environment, is a key factor for organisations if they wish to survive and grow. Total Quality Management (TQM) has demonstrated its potential to be a successful way for organisations to eliminate costs, improve productivity and gain a competitive edge in the marketplace. However, are TQM and business innovation compatible? The advantages and disadvantages of TQM as a means of developing and facilitating business innovations are discussed in this paper. It is argued that TQM does not hinder business innovation and some of its dimensions can assist an organisation to be more innovative. The compatibility of reengineering, which is a form of business innovation, is also analysed in the paper, along with the effects of TQM on the successful implementation of information technologies.
Radical innovation through internal corporate venturing: Degussa's commercialization of nanomaterials

Internal corporate venturing enables radical innovation within established firms in mature markets. Without effectively designed and managed internal corporate ventures, the organizational constraints of established firms will strongly favour incremental innovation over radical innovation. This paper investigates the evolution of a successful internal corporate venture within a large, incumbent chemical firm, now known as Evonik Degussa, to reveal the challenges, organizational design, and management strategies of their commercialization of radical nanomaterials technology. The commercialization of nanomaterials technology is of great interest to incumbent materials and chemical firms and to independent ventures, but the radical, generic, and capital intensive nature of nanomaterials technology requires organizational and managerial innovation. This case study demonstrates a model to enable growth through radical innovation in nanomaterials, while taking advantage of an incumbent firm’s capabilities and complementary assets. Organizational strategies include incubation from a risk-adverse culture, relatively long timelines for evaluation, and a high-level steering committee. Managerial strategies focus on product development, risk reduction, and active risk management.
Spatially resolved quantification of agrochemicals on plant surfaces using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis.

BACKGROUND In the present study the principle of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), i.e. the detection of elements based on their characteristic X-rays, was used to localise and quantify organic and inorganic pesticides on enzymatically isolated fruit cuticles. Pesticides could be discriminated from the plant surface because of their distinctive elemental composition. RESULTS Findings confirm the close relation between net intensity (NI) and area covered by the active ingredient (AI area). Using wide and narrow concentration ranges of glyphosate and glufosinate, respectively, results showed that quantification of AI requires the selection of appropriate regression equations while considering NI, peak-to-background (P/B) ratio, and AI area. The use of selected internal standards (ISs) such as Ca(NO(3))(2) improved the accuracy of the quantification slightly but led to the formation of particular, non-typical microstructured deposits. The suitability of SEM-EDX as a general technique to quantify pesticides was evaluated additionally on 14 agrochemicals applied at diluted or regular concentration. CONCLUSION Among the pesticides tested, spatial localisation and quantification of AI amount could be done for inorganic copper and sulfur as well for the organic agrochemicals glyphosate, glufosinate, bromoxynil and mancozeb.
Todisteena äänen kuva : Suomen kielen imitatiivikonstruktiot

Anni Jaaskelaisen suomen kielen alaan kuuluva vaitoskirja tarkastettiin Helsingin yliopiston humanistisessa tiedekunnassa 11. kesakuuta 2013. Vastavaittajana toimi professori Tuomas Huumo Turun yliopistosta ja kustoksena professori Jaakko Leino. Anni Jaaskelainen: Todisteena aanen kuva. Suomen kielen imitatiivikonstruktiot . Helsinki: Helsingin yliopiston suomen kielen, suomalais-ugrilaisten ja pohjoismaisten kielten ja kirjallisuuksien laitos 2013. Kirja on luettavissa osoitteessa http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-10-8860-5 .
Prevalence of broadly neutralizing antibody responses during chronic HIV-1 infection

Objective:Studies of neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1 infected individuals provide insights into the quality of the response that should be possible to elicit with vaccines and ways to design effective immunogens. Some individuals make high titres of exceptional broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies that are of particular interest; however, more modest responses may be a reasonable goal for vaccines. We performed a large cross-sectional study to determine the spectrum of neutralization potency and breadth that is seen during chronic HIV-1 infection. Design:Neutralization potency and breadth were assessed with genetically and geographically diverse panels of 205 chronic HIV-1 sera and 219 Env-pseudotyped viruses representing all major genetic subtypes of HIV-1. Methods:Neutralization was measured by using Tat-regulated luciferase reporter gene expression in TZM-bl cells. Serum-neutralizing activity was compared with a diverse set of human mAbs that are widely considered to be broadly neutralizing. Results:We observed a uniform continuum of responses, with most sera displaying some level of cross-neutralization, and approximately 50% of sera neutralizing more than 50% of viruses. Titres of neutralization (potency) were highly correlated with breadth. Many sera had breadth comparable to several of the less potent broadly neutralizing human mAbs. Conclusion:These results help clarify the spectrum of serum-neutralizing activity induced by HIV-1 infection and that should be possible to elicit with vaccines. Importantly, most people appear capable of making low to moderate titres of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Additional studies of these relatively common responses might provide insights for practical and feasible vaccine designs.
Uptake and Biotransformation of Trichloroethylene by Hybrid Poplars

Poplar trees were found to be capable of taking up trichloroethylene (TCE) and degrading it to several known metabolic products: trichloroethanol, trichloroacetic acid, and dichloracetic acid. Poplars were also shown to transpire TCE in measurable amounts. To eliminate the possibility that the degradation we observed was produced solely by rhizosphere organisms, axenic poplar tumor cell cultures were tested; the cultures produced the same intermediate metabolic products. When dosed with [14C]TCE, cell cultures also produced low levels of radiolabeled carbon dioxide and a labeled insoluble residue. These results show that significant TCE uptake and biotransformation occurs in poplar, which demonstrates the potential for the use of poplars for in situ remediation of TCE.
Simulation of oil spill using ANN and CA models

In this paper, the artificial neural network (ANN) used to obtain transition rules in oil spill CA model. Model parameters are difficult to obtain in many traditional oil spill models, as they cannot meet the requirements of rapid response for oil spills. Therefore, a new oil spill model - ANN oil spill CA model was established in this paper. This model can simulate the change process of oil spill by setting initial image, verification image, and impact factors. Experimental results show that the simulation results have a good performance with overall accuracy of 96.6% and Kappa coefficient of 0.826. It was also found that the consistency of simulation results is proportional to the ratio of training sample. However, the higher the ratio of the training sample, the more computation is need in the ANN training. We also studied the effect of neurons number in the hidden layer. Studies show that the consistency of simulation results becomes better with the increase of neurons number in the initial stage for good fitting rate of training sample. However, the consistency of simulation results get worse for over-fitting of training sample in following stage.
Gender Differences in Patients With Hip Fracture: A Greater Risk of Morbidity and Mortality in Men

Objective: To determine gender-specific differences in prefracture status and postoperative outcome in elderly hip fracture patients who were ambulatory, community-dwelling, and cognitively intact prior to fracture. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Setting: Urban orthopedic referral hospital. Patients: A total of 983 consecutive patients (206 males and 777 females) who sustained a nonpathologic hip fracture were followed for a minimum of 12 months. Intervention: Operative treatment of a proximal femur fracture. Main Outcome Measurements: Postoperative medical complications, place of discharge, 1-year mortality, and postoperative recovery of ambulation, basic activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living. Results: Men were more likely to be married or living with someone else, and they were more dependent in instrumental activities of daily living than women prior to hip fracture. Furthermore, men were sicker as evidenced by a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists rating of preoperative risk. Postoperatively, men were more likely to sustain a medical complication and had a higher mortality at 1 year compared to women. There were no statistically significant gender differences in patient age, fracture type, prefracture level of help, ambulation, or dependence in basic activities of daily living, place of discharge, and postoperative recovery of ambulation as well as basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Conclusions: Male gender was a risk factor for sustaining a postoperative complication as well as a higher mortality at 1 year post hip fracture.
Hubbard model in infinite dimensions.

We present an exact mapping of the Hubbard model in infinite dimensions onto a single-impurity Anderson (or Wolff) model supplemented by a self-consistency condition. This provides a mean-field picture of strongly corrrelated systems, which becomes exact as d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}. We point out a special integrable case of the mean-field equations, and study the general case using a perturbative renormalization group around the atomic limit. Three distinct Fermi-liquid regimes arise, corresponding to the Kondo, mixed-valence, and empty-orbitals regimes of the single-impurity problem. The Kondo resonance and the satellite peaks of the single-impurity model correspond to the quasiparticle and Hubbard-bands features of the Hubbard model, respectively.
A new method for multiple fuzzy rules interpolation with weighted antecedent variables

Fuzzy rule interpolation techniques have been used to handle the problems of sparse fuzzy rule bases in sparse fuzzy rule-based systems. In the existing fuzzy rule interpolation methods, there are many variables in the antecedents of fuzzy rules, where the variables in the antecedents of fuzzy rules have the same weight. If we can handle fuzzy rule interpolation with weighted antecedent variables, then there is room for more flexibility. In this paper, we present a new method for multiple fuzzy rules interpolation with weighted antecedent variables. The proposed method not only can handle fuzzy rule interpolation with polygonal membership functions, but also can preserve the convexity of fuzzy interpolative reasoning results. The fuzzy interpolative reasoning results of the proposed method also satisfy the logically consistency with respect to the ratios of fuzziness. The experimental result shows that the proposed method can generate reasonable fuzzy interpolative reasoning results for sparse fuzzy rule-based systems with weighted antecedent variables. The proposed method provides us a useful way for fuzzy rule interpolation in sparse fuzzy rule-based systems with weighted antecedent variables.