Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel model order reduction approach for generating efficient nonlinear verilog-a models of mems gyroscopes

This paper reports a novel model-order reduction (MOR) approach for creating fast-running, nonlinear, multiphysics models in Verilog-A. This new approach differs from previous work by creating the reduced order model (ROM) directly from an accurate, nonlinear, multi-physics representation. The mechanical and electrical nonlinearities of the MEMS structure are persevered to capture effects such as quadrature, amplitude-dependent frequency shifting and electrostatic softening. The reduction algorithm has been implemented in the commercial MEMS/IC co-design tool MEMS+. The approach's effectiveness is validated for a state-of-the-art, three-axis, capacitive gyroscope from Murata Electronics by comparing simulations of the created Verilog-A model with experimental data.
Efficacy and safety of TMC114/ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV patients: 24-week results of POWER 1

Background:The ongoing phase IIb POWER 1 (TMC114-C213) trial is designed to assess efficacy and safety of the protease inhibitor (PI) TMC114 (darunavir) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients. Design:This randomized, partially blinded, 24-week dose-finding study compared efficacy and safety of four doses of TMC114 plus low-dose ritonavir (TMC114/r) with investigator-selected control PI(s) (CPI[s]). Methods:Patients with one or more primary PI mutation and HIV RNA > 1000 copies/ml received optimized background therapy, plus TMC114/r 400/100 mg once daily, 800/100 mg once daily, 400/100 mg twice daily or 600/100 mg twice daily, or CPI(s). The primary endpoint (intent-to-treat) compared proportions of patients achieving viral load reduction ≥ 1.0 log10 copies/ml from baseline. Results:In total, 318 patients were treated. Baseline mean viral load was 4.48 log10 copies/ml; median CD4 cell count was 179 cells/μl. In the CPI arm 62% of patients discontinued (virological failure: 54%); 10% of TMC114/r patients discontinued. More TMC114/r (69–77%) than CPI patients (25%) reached the primary endpoint (P < 0.001); 43–53% of TMC114/r patients and 18% of the CPI arm achieved viral load < 50 copies/ml (P < 0.001). TMC114/r demonstrated greater mean CD4 cell count increases versus CPI(s) (68–124 versus 20 cells/μl; P < 0.05). TMC114/r 600/100 mg twice daily demonstrated the highest virological and immunological responses. Adverse event incidence was similar between treatments; headache and diarrhoea were more common with CPI(s). Conclusions:TMC114/r demonstrated statistically higher 24-week virological response rates and CD4 cell count increases than CPI(s). TMC114/r 600/100 mg twice daily has received regulatory approval in treatment-experienced patients.
Oral fluids prior to day surgery

One hundred day surgical patients undergoing first trimester termination of pregnancy were randomly allocated to receive either 150 ml of clear fluid 1.5–2 hours before anaesthesia or to remain fasted from midnight the night before. Patients were anaesthetised using a total intravenous technique which consisted of propofol and alfentanil. No adverse intra‐operative events were noted in either group. There were no significant differences in immediate recovery time, or pain, nausea and headache scores at 30 or 120 minutes following recovery. The fasted group had less pain (p < 0.05) at 60 minutes after recovery than the fluid group, although the mean pain scores in both groups were low. Eighty two per cent of the patients returned questionnaires about pain, nausea and headache scores on arriving home, and at 12 and 24 hours after surgery. There were no significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion, pain, nausea and headache scores are low following total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil for termination of pregnancy and these were unaffected by the administration of 150 ml of clear fluid given approximately 1.5 hours pre‐operatively.
Comparison of different small signal modeling methods for bidirectional DC-DC converter

Bidirectional dc-dc converters are widely used in applications requiring bidirectional power flow. Control of these converters in a more suitable way and modeling and analyzing of them in a simpler method is still a research topic. In this paper different small signal modeling methods for bidirectional dc-dc converters are compared. Mathematical averaged small signal modeling and ac sweep tool on PSIM simulation software are used to obtain ac response of the converter. These results are compared in terms of bode plots to evaluate accuracy and convenience of the modeling techniques. Step-by-step calculations and simulations are presented together with detailed comparison of simulation results.
High-performance 850 nm VCSEL and photodetector arrays for 25 Gb/s parallel optical interconnects

We design, fabricate and demonstrate 850 nm VCSEL and PD arrays which operate at 25 Gb/s per channel, up to 600 Gb/s with 24 channels, for low-power parallel optical module applications. We also report a complete 25 Gb/s VCSEL to PD back-to-back link.
Dynamic hepatitis C virus genotypic and phenotypic changes in patients treated with the protease inhibitor telaprevir.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Telaprevir (VX-950), a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3.4A protease inhibitor, has shown strong antiviral activity in phase 1 clinical studies. Because of high levels of HCV replication and the low fidelity of HCV polymerase, selection of resistant isolates during therapy may occur. METHODS A highly sensitive sequencing method was developed in which approximately 80 clones/sample were analyzed to identify mutations in the NS3 protease catalytic domain in HCV genotype-1-infected patients dosed with 450 mg every 8 hours, 750 mg every 8 hours, or 1250 mg every 12 hours of telaprevir for 14 days. RESULTS Mutations that confer low-level resistance (V36A/M, T54A, R155K/T, and A156S) and high-level resistance (A156V/T, 36+155, 36+156) to telaprevir were detected and correlated with telaprevir exposure and virologic response. Changes in the frequency of mutations after the end of dosing showed an inverse relationship between in vivo viral fitness and resistance. In the absence of telaprevir selective pressure the majority of resistant variants were replaced by wild-type virus within 3-7 months. CONCLUSIONS Resistant HCV isolates are selected rapidly during therapy with the highly active protease inhibitor telaprevir. Combination therapy with pegylated interferon-alfa or other direct antiviral drugs seem mandatory to avoid developing resistance.
An efficient data gathering and reconstruction method in WSNs based on compressive sensing

In this paper, we introduce a very simple deterministic measurement matrix design algorithm(SDMMDA), based on which the data gathering and reconstruction in wireless sensor networks(WSNs) are greatly enhanced. Although SDM-MDA is very simple, but the measurement and reconstruction performance is more efficient than the random matrix and the matrix designed by schnass. The basic principle of the proposed algorithm can be stated as follows. First, generating a random redundant matrix Φ. Second, constructing a Gram matrix G, which can be denoted as ΦT * Φ. Third, decreasing the absolute value of the off-line entries of the Gram matrix. Finally, mutual coherence of the random measurement matrix can be decreased greatly and the compressive data gathering as well as the signal reconstruction performance are greatly improved simultaneously. Besides that, we adopt backtracking-based adaptive OMP(BAOMP) method to reconstruct the original signal gathered by WSNs. By using BAOMP,We need not to know the signal sparse level K anymore. Extensive simulations and practical experiments of WSNs have shown that reconstruction performance of the compressive data gathered with CS method is improved greatly by using the proposed SDMMDA and BAOMP.
Midkine rescues Wilms' tumor cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis: regulation of Bcl-2 expression by Midkine.

Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding growth factor involved in diverse biological phenomena, e.g. neuronal survival, carcinogenesis, and tissue repair. MK expression is detected mainly in the kidney in adult mice. In this study, we show that, at a dose that can induce recoverable renal damage and induce apoptosis, cisplatin (CDDP) transiently suppressed MK expression in mouse kidney. In vitro, CDDP suppressed MK expression and induced apoptosis in cultured G401 cells, a Wilms' tumor cell line. Exogenous MK protein partially rescued G401 cells from CDDP-induced apoptosis. MK enhanced the expression of Bcl-2, but not that of Bcl-x(L), in G401 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and it prevented the Bcl-2 reduction due to CDDP. Moreover, Bcl-2 expression in mouse kidney was also transiently suppressed by CDDP treatment, the expression profile being similar to that of MK. These results imply that MK exerts cytoprotective activity toward a damaging insult, presumably at least in part through enhancement of the expression of Bcl-2.
The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States.

CONTEXT Recent reports show that obesity and diabetes have increased in the United States in the past decade. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and use of weight control strategies among US adults in 2000. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey conducted in all states in 2000, with 184 450 adults aged 18 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), calculated from self-reported weight and height; self-reported diabetes; prevalence of weight loss or maintenance attempts; and weight control strategies used. RESULTS In 2000, the prevalence of obesity (BMI >/=30 kg/m(2)) was 19.8%, the prevalence of diabetes was 7.3%, and the prevalence of both combined was 2.9%. Mississippi had the highest rates of obesity (24.3%) and of diabetes (8.8%); Colorado had the lowest rate of obesity (13.8%); and Alaska had the lowest rate of diabetes (4.4%). Twenty-seven percent of US adults did not engage in any physical activity, and another 28.2% were not regularly active. Only 24.4% of US adults consumed fruits and vegetables 5 or more times daily. Among obese participants who had had a routine checkup during the past year, 42.8% had been advised by a health care professional to lose weight. Among participants trying to lose or maintain weight, 17.5% were following recommendations to eat fewer calories and increase physical activity to more than 150 min/wk. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of obesity and diabetes continues to increase among US adults. Interventions are needed to improve physical activity and diet in communities nationwide.
Relationship between depressive mood and chronotype in healthy subjects

Aim: The endogenous circadian clock generates daily variations of physiological and behavior functions such as the endogenous interindividual component (morningness/eveningness preferences). Also, mood disorders are associated with a breakdown in the organization of ultradian rhythm. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assessed the association between chronotype and the level of depressive symptoms in a healthy sample population. Furthermore, the components of the depression scale that best discriminate the chronotypes were determined.
2.4 GHz RF down-conversion mixers in standard CMOS technology

In this paper, we have investigated several mixer structures including single-ended, single-balanced and double-balanced RF down-conversion mixers in 0.25 /spl mu/m standard CMOS technology. The comparison of designed mixers with the recent literature shows significant improvement in some of the major performance parameters. The final differential double-balanced current-switching mixer shows a conversion gain of 6.1 dB, simulated noise figure of 8.3 dB and input 1-dB compression point of -8.3 dBm, consuming 5.6 mW at 2.4 GHz input RF and 250 MHz output IF frequency.
Energy-efficient dynamic event detection by participatory sensing

Dynamic event detection by using participatory sensing paradigms has received growing interests in recent years, where detection tasks are assigned to smart device users who can potentially collect needed sensory data from the equipped sensors. These data can be utilized to detect interested events like noise, air pollution, or even earthquake. Since most existing solutions focus on centralized detection approaches that, however, usually cause heavy communication overhead, it is strongly desired to design distributed solutions to reduce energy consumption while achieving a high level of detection accuracy. In this paper, we first present a novel Minimum Cut based centralized detection algorithm as the performance benchmark, and then introduce a novel distributed, energy-efficient solution, where an optimization problem is formulated and an optimal solution is derived. Simulations based on a real-trace driven data set in Beijing demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.
Evaluations of different monetary policy regimes for a small developing open economy

Motivated by recent experiences in Iran, this paper incorporates structural characteristics that reinforce the reluctance of central banks to commit to free floating exchange rates (‘fear of floating’) into optimal policy formulation to determine the extent of exchange rate involvement in monetary policy. We utilize a small stylized model of a small developing open economy calibrated for the Iranian economy to compare the performance of alternative policy regimes, namely flexible domestic inflation targeting, flexible consumer price index inflation targeting, and real exchange targeting in handling higher openness, higher exchange rate pass through, and financial vulnerability. Evaluation of the above alternative policy regimes and relative stability of key macroeconomic variables are conducted through an optimal Ramsey policy approach. The results suggest that, in financially vulnerable small open developing economies, consumer price IT may not be the optimal policy and giving a higher positive weight to the real exchange rate in the central bank’s loss function and allowing policy reaction to this variable via the instrument rate can result in a lower social loss and more stability for the key macroeconomic variables, and hence a superior policy regime. Policy evaluation results based both on stabilization and welfare measures obtained in this paper imply that for the developing commodity (oil) exporting economies with high degrees of financial vulnerability and relatively high pass-through rates, an IT policy framework in which the real exchange rate is also targeted is a superior regime.
Severe-profound hearing impairment and health-related quality of life among post-lingual deafened Swedish adults

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was measured with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) in 311 Swedish adults suffering from severe-profound hearing impairment (sensorineural hearing loss in the better ear of ≥70 dB HL at a frequency of 1.0 kHz) for comparisons with a normal-hearing population. The subjects completed NHP and a questionnaire regarding bio-psycho-social status. Generally, subjects with profound hearing loss reported lower HRQL. Significant differences were obtained for lack of energy, emotional reactions and social isolation. Females with profound impaired hearing tended overall to have lower HRQL than the males. The persons with severe-profound hearing impairment working full-time reported higher HRQL than those with a partial or full disablement pension and were comparable with the hearing population. Severe-profound hearing impairment is associated with an impact on HRQL of the sufferers, especially their emotional and social coping and energy resources. The profound hearing-impaired persons seem to constitute a risk group for worse psychosocial adjustment and need greater attention and support.
Effects of effective dielectric constant of printed short dipoles in electric field probes

The parameters of antennas printed on electrically thin ungrounded substrate are usually found by simulations or by trial and error method because the value of its effective dielectric constant is unknown. In this paper the effective dielectric constant of a dipole printed on some commonly used substrates, with standard thickness and relative permittivity, was found and its eventual effect on antenna parameters was demonstrated. To emphasize the importance of substrate choice, the thorough investigation of its influence on electric field probe characteristics was performed. Three standard electric field probe constructions, often used in various EMC measurements, were examined. The results obtained by SEMCAD X simulation software showed that dielectric substrate selection has considerable effect on probe's sensitivity, cut-off and resonant frequency and consequently the major impact on probe's bandwidth.
Endometrial Hyperplasia, Polyps, and Adenomyosis Associated with Unopposed Estrogen in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the vaginal mucosa and their role in vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus. Incidentally, endometrial hyperplasia was observed in estrogen-treated monkeys at necropsy. Six adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were ovariectomized and 120 days later received two subcutaneous implants, each containing 200 mg estradiol. The animals were sacrificed 17–27 months later and the uterus examined at necropsy. All the monkeys had simple endometrial hyperplasia, some with polyps or adenomyosis, at the time of necropsy. The severity of the changes correlated with the time between implantation and necropsy. The lesions were similar to endometrial hyperplasia caused by unopposed estrogen in women, but occurred over a time period that is suitable for experimental manipulation. Rhesus monkeys could be used as a model to test the safety of various combinations of sex steroids for the prevention of postmenopausal symptoms in women.
A STUDY OF MULTI-ECHELON INVENTORY SYSTEMS WITH STOCHASTIC CAPACITY AND INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT DEMAND

The placement of inventory with multi-echelon supply chains is a major driver of cost and level of customer service. This research studies several multi-echelon inventory systems with stochastic capacity and intermediate product demand. Specifically we analyze the behavior of a system which includes several intermediate product demands. This analysis i) develops inventory update relationships for each multi-echelon inventory system considered under several inventory allocation policies, ii) develops two simulation optimization approaches to minimize the total inventory holding cost required to meet all demands at the desired customer service level, iii) obtains results for a large number of multi-echelon inventory systems under several scenarios and instances, including an extensive analysis and implications of the results. This work is different than earlier research in the multi-echelon inventory area, since it considers a complex (combination of serial and assembly systems) multi-period, multi-echelon, inventory system with several sources of demand (specifically intermediate product demands). We obtain the optimal base-stock level for each node in the system that satisfies the required customer service level. A SIO (Simulation based Inventory Optimization) approach is used to obtain the optimal base-stock level for the system under several inventory allocation policies. We consider a system which is closer to realworld supply networks and the procedures can be used in contemporary environments like, 1) a manufacturing firm that produces finished products as well as spare parts, 2) a manufacturer – warehouse – distribution center – retail outlets network. The optimal base-stock level for each node is obtained under realistic conditions like stochastic demand, stochastic capacity, and lead time. This research utilizes two frameworks to carry out the simulation-based optimization of the inventory parameters in the mathematical model: 1) an OptQuest framework, and 2) an Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA) framework. The primary goal is to determine optimal base stock levels for the components, intermediate product and final product based on a required customer service level at each stage. Supplier Depot 1 Retailer 1
RISK ADJUSTMENT OF THE CREDIT-CARD AUGMENTED DIVISIA MONETARY AGGREGATES

While credit cards provide transactions services, as do currency and demand deposits, credit cards have never been included in measures of the money supply. The reason is accounting conventions, which do not permit adding liabilities, such as credit card balances, to assets, such as money. However, economic aggregation theory and index number theory measure service flows and are based on microeconomic theory, not accounting. Barnett et al. derived the aggregation and index number theory needed to measure the joint services of credit cards and money. They derived and applied the theory under the assumption of risk neutrality. But since credit card interest rates are high and volatile, risk aversion may not be negligible. We extend the theory by removing the assumption of risk neutrality to permit risk aversion in the decision of the representative consumer.
'It's Trending on Twitter' - An Analysis of the Twitter Manipulations in the Massachusetts 2010 Special Senate Election

The 2010 Massachusetts Special Senate Election -- a precursor to the current high stakes congressional campaigns -- was characterized by millions of dollars in outside funding, an advertising blitz, out-of-state volunteers, Tea Party mobilization, volatile polling, and a broad social media campaign, including Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Poll results were triumphantly tweeted, blogged, and covered in news reports among homophilous groups. In addition, users attempted to influence trends, real time search and news coverage by enlisting other users to increase volume on Facebook and Twitter for favored candidates. In addition the conservative Patriot Action Network threatened liberal news coverage and liberal journalists with a Twitter spam and the America Future Fund sent a "Twitterbomb" framed as replies to users interested in the Senate race. Given these efforts, Our results show that reporters must be cautious in interpreting Twitter and other manipulable, motivated and opinionated media trends as a guide to public opinion.
Improved Switching Voltage Variation of Cu Atom Switch for Nonvolatile Programmable Logic

Switching voltage variation of a Cu atom switch (AS) is improved to δ = 9.5 % by adjusting the buffer oxidation state and electrode surface roughness. The complementary AS (CAS) connects two Cu lines at each edge and is composed of a dual-layered electrolyte of oxidized Ti buffer metal/polymer solid electrolyte. A sufficiently oxidized Ti buffer layer prevents both Cu oxidation and Ti diffusion during the fabrication processes, reducing the OFF-state leakage current and making the ON/OFF current ratio high. A dry cleaning process reduces the Cu electrode surface roughness, tightening the set voltage distribution and enabling the use of a low programming voltage, 1.8 V. A large-scale crossbar switch block consisting of CASs has been operated by the improved switches.
Genetic Algorithms-based Detector Generation in Negative Selection Algorithm

This paper proposes a genetic algorithms (GA) based detector optimization scheme in the negative selection algorithm (NSA). The NSA is a natural immune response inspired pattern discrimination method. In our scheme, the NSA detectors are optimized by the GA to occupy the maximal coverage of the nonself space so that they can achieve the best anomaly detection performance. Two numerical examples including the discriminant analysis of Fisher's iris data are demonstrated to compare our new approach with a conventional detector generation method. Simulation results show that the former is more efficient than the latter for generating the NSA detectors