Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of surgically induced weight loss on idiopathic intracranial hypertension in morbid obesity

Background: The effect on CSF pressures and symptoms of weight loss induced by gastric surgery was studied in morbidly obese patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Methods: Gastric weight reduction surgery was performed in eight morbidly obese women (49 plus minus 3 kg/m2 body mass index) who had IIH and elevated CSF pressures. Each had been treated medically for IIH. Two had ventriculoperitoneal shunts, with occlusion in both and hemorrhage and hemiparesis in one. Post--weight-reduction measurement of CSF pressures, signs and symptoms of IIH, and obesity co-morbidity were evaluated. Results: CSF pressures decreased in all eight patients, from a mean of 353 plus minus 35 to a mean of 168 plus minus 12 mm H2 O (p less than 0.001), following mean weight loss of 57 plus minus 5 kg (p less than 0.001) when measured at 34 plus minus 8 months after surgery. At follow-up no patient had papilledema, all eight patients had resolution or marked reduction of headache, and resolution of tinnitus occurred in all six patients with this symptom. Neuroimaging was unchanged at 27 plus minus 6 months after surgery in six patients. There was also resolution or clinical improvement of additional obesity-related co-morbidity, including diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, obesity hypoventilation, joint pains, stress urinary incontinence, and gastroesophageal reflux. Conclusions: Although several complications occurred following obesity surgery over the 11 years of this study, the current low morbidity and mortality with gastric bypass make this a primary option in the severely obese patient with IIH. NEUROLOGY 1995;45: 1655-1659
Expression of phospholipase C beta family isoenzymes in C2C12 myoblasts during terminal differentiation

In the present work, we have analyzed the expression and subcellular localization of all the members of inositide‐specific phospholipase C (PLCβ) family in muscle differentiation, given that nuclear PLCβ1 has been shown to be related to the differentiative process. Cell cultures of C2C12 myoblasts were induced to differentiate towards the phenotype of myotubes, which are also indicated as differentiated C2C12 cells. By means of immunochemical and immunocytochemical analysis, the expression and subcellular localization of PLCβ1, β2, β3, β4 have been assessed. As further characterization, we investigated the localization of PLCβ isoenzymes in C2C12 cells by fusing their cDNA to enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). In myoblast culture, PLCβ4 was the most expressed isoform in the cytoplasm, whereas PLCβ1 and β3 exhibited a lesser expression in this cell compartment. In nuclei of differentiated myotube culture, PLCβ1 isoform was expressed at the highest extent. A marked decrease of PLCβ4 expression in the cytoplasm of differentiated C2C12 cells was detected as compared to myoblasts. No relevant differences were evidenced as regards the expression of PLCβ3 at both cytoplasmatic and nuclear level, whilst PLCβ2 expression was almost undetactable. Therefore, we propose that the different subcellular expression of these PLC isoforms, namely the increase of nuclear PLCβ1 and the decrease of cytoplasmatic PLCβ4, during the establishment of myotube differentiation, is related to a spatial‐temporal signaling event, involved in myogenic differentiation. Once again the subcellular localization appears to be a key step for the diverse signaling activity of PLCβs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbon neutral policy in action: the case of Bhutan

ABSTRACT Climate policy across the world is proceeding at a highly variable pace, with some places very committed to decarbonizing their economies and others just beginning. Emerging nations are generally just starting along this journey. However, among the few nation states that have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality, is Bhutan, a least developed country. Carbon neutrality is an ambitious climate policy that is increasingly being recognized as necessary in order to stabilize global temperature rise at 1.5°C. However, Bhutan is likely to face significant challenges in maintaining this status as the country balances its desire to grow in economic opportunities (GDP) and in human happiness (GNH). Little research has been conducted inside the policy processes to better understand how Bhutan will maintain carbon neutrality. Through open-ended, semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, this study provides an inside view on the current situation and future challenges that Bhutan may face, along with the complexities associated with implementing and maintaining an ambitious carbon neutral policy. The paper highlights Bhutan's story and how it could be useful for policy learning and knowledge sharing, especially in the context of emerging nations’ climate governance.
Evaluation of a Method to Quantify Quercetin Aglycone in Onion (Allium cepa) by Single- and Multi-laboratory Validation Studies

Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (OMA) 2006.07 was originally designed for quantifying flavonol aglycones in ginkgo dietary supplements. To determine whether the method is applicable to the quantification of flavonol aglycones in lyophilized onion samples, single- and multi-laboratory validation studies were performed. Triplicated measurements on 3 different days revealed that the mean quercetin content was 3.48 g/kg dry weight, and the relative repeatability standard deviation (RSD_r) and the relative intermediate standard deviation (RSD_int) were 0.8 and 1.8%, respectively. The recovery of quercetin-3- O -glucoside spiked at 3 different amounts (1.56, 3.12, and 6.24 g/kg dry weight of onion) ranged from 98.42 to 100.31%, and the RSD_r and RSD_int ranged from 2.2 to 5.9%, and from 3.4 to 5.2%, respectively. A multi-laboratory validation study showed that the mean quercetin contents were 2.80 and 6.61 g/kg dry weight, and that satisfactory inter-laboratory precision (RSD_r and RSD_R ranged from 0.41 to 0.92%, and from 6.73 to 7.62%, respectively); all HorRat values were less than 2. These results indicate that OMA 2006.07 is applicable to the determination of the quercetin content of lyophilized onion samples.
The axes of rotation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint

Two axes of rotation of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of seven cadaver thumbs were located using an axis finder. The flexion‐extension axis is located in the trapezium and the abduction‐adduction axis is in the first metacarpal. These axes are fixed, are not perpendicular to each other or to the bones, and do not intersect. Motion of the first metacarpal on the trapezium can be defined by these two axes. Understanding of the movements of the basal joint of the thumb is essential to the study of its function and reconstruction.
Development of an autonomous vehicle — System overview of test ride vehicle in the Tokyo motor show 2011

In Japan, The Tokyo motor show (TMS2011) was held in December 2011 at Tokyo, Japan. In the TMS2011, a themed project called The SMART MOBILITY CITY 2011 (SMC2011) was held to exhibit some next-generation vehicle. In the SMC2011, special test course was made and some autonomous vehicles were exhibited from five organizations in Japan. In those autonomous vehicles, our laboratory of Kanazawa University exhibited fully automated vehicle which has a capabilities of autonomous driving without human intervention like many vehicles developed in DARPA urban challenge. In this paper, we introduce a system overview of our autonomous vehicle.
The Nondirected Living Donor Program: A Model for Cooperative Donation, Recovery and Allocation of Living Donor Kidneys

We describe an altruistic nondirected (ND) and live donor/deceased donor list exchange (LE) donor program administered by an organ procurement organization (OPO) in the Washington, DC area. Screening eliminated 25 donors (17 NE; 8 LE) from the 97 donor applications (62 ND; 35 LE) completed. Twenty‐one donors (16 ND; 5 LE) failed to follow through with the psychiatric evaluation, which eliminated 13 donors (9 ND; 4 LE). Two donors dropped out and 12 (9 ND; 3 LE) were medically unsuitable after final clinical evaluation. Twenty donor procedures were performed (10 ND; 10 LE) with four pending (2 ND; 2 LE). This resulted in a modest 3–5% increase in the OPO‐procured kidney organ pool. The average cold ischemia time of the grafts not transported between transplant centers was 205 ± 66 min compared with 243 ± 48 min for transported grafts. With no documented adverse outcomes, donors had a hospital stay of length 2.9 days and at home recuperation of 12.3 days. Three‐ and 6‐month creatinines were 1.44 ± 1.36 and 1.68 ± 0.61 for grafts not transported between transplant centers, and 1.6 ± 0.27 and 1.6 ± 0.44 for transported grafts. An OPO‐administered altruistic donor program can serve as a model for cooperative donation, recovery and allocation of living donor kidneys.
The Frontier of Estimator Comparison between MLE and MEboot Estimation: Application for Optimization Management of Macroeconomics

One of the most difficult problems that many quantitative researchers have been trying to computationally solve is the parametric prediction. Interestingly, is the maximum likelihood estimator really the best estimator for data predictive estimating in the recent moment? This question leads the authors to conduct the mathematically experimental study by using data generating processes (DGP), entropy calculating, and cross-entropy analyses for seeking the best estimator between the maximum likelihood method (MLE) and maximum entropy bootstrapping approach (MEboot). Furthermore, the experimental solution would be employed to the real application in a macro econometrical research. Consequently, the empirical results in this paper can be the sensible tool for mathematicians or even economists to improve the data prediction in time-series analyses.
The role of glucosinolates and the jasmonic acid pathway in resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against molluscan herbivores

Although slugs and snails play important roles in terrestrial ecosystems and cause considerable damage on a variety of crop plants, knowledge about the mechanisms of plant immunity to molluscs is limited. We found slugs to be natural herbivores of Arabidopsis thaliana and therefore investigated possible resistance mechanisms of this species against several molluscan herbivores. Treating wounded leaves with the mucus residue (‘slime trail’) of the Spanish slug Arion lusitanicus increased wound‐induced jasmonate levels, suggesting the presence of defence elicitors in the mucus. Plants deficient in jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling suffered more damage by molluscan herbivores in the laboratory and in the field, demonstrating that JA‐mediated defences protect A. thaliana against slugs and snails. Furthermore, experiments using A. thaliana mutants with altered levels of specific glucosinolate classes revealed the importance of aliphatic glucosinolates in defending leaves and reproductive structures against molluscs. The presence in mollusc faeces of known and novel metabolites arising from glutathione conjugation with glucosinolate hydrolysis products suggests that molluscan herbivores actively detoxify glucosinolates. Higher levels of aliphatic glucosinolates were found in plants during the night compared to the day, which correlated well with the nocturnal activity rhythms of slugs and snails. Our data highlight the function of well‐known antiherbivore defence pathways in resistance against slugs and snails and suggest an important role for the diurnal regulation of defence metabolites against nocturnal molluscan herbivores.
Expression of Cdc18/Cdc6 and Cdt1 during G2 phase induces initiation of DNA replication

Cdc18/Cdc6 and Cdt1 are essential initiation factors for DNA replication. In this paper we show that expression of Cdc18 in fission yeast G2 cells is sufficient to override the controls that ensure one S phase per cell cycle. Cdc18 expression in G2 induces DNA synthesis by re‐firing replication origins and recruiting the MCM Cdc21 to chromatin in the presence of low levels of Cdt1. However, when Cdt1 is expressed together with Cdc18 in G2, cells undergo very rapid, uncontrolled DNA synthesis, accumulating DNA contents of 64C or more. Our data suggest that Cdt1 may potentiate re‐replication by inducing origins to fire more persistently, possibly by stabilizing Cdc18 on chromatin. In addition, low level expression of a mutant form of Cdc18 that cannot be phosphorylated by cyclin‐dependent kinases is not sufficient to induce replication in G2, but does so only when co‐expressed with Cdt1. Thus, regulation of both Cdc18 and Cdt1 in G2 plays a crucial role in preventing the re‐initiation of DNA synthesis until the next cell cycle.
Analysis on thermo-mechanical reliability of TSV interposer and solder joint

TSV interpsoer is one of the common forms used the 3D package. In this paper, the 3D finite element method is used to analyze the thermo-mechanical reliability of TSV interposer and solder joint. This paper focuses on the influence of several points including IMC, TSV distribution, underfill, substrate and the structure of TSV. The finite element modeling results draw some cinclusion. Stress of both interposer and solder joint with the IMC is much larger than that without IMC. The effect of solder joint distribution is not significant to the reliability of interposer and solder joint. Underfill is beneficial to reliability of solder joint, but makes interposer stress large. The solder joint reliability is more sensitive to substrate thickness for package without underfill. It is validated by finite element analysis that the structure of unfully filled TSV is beneficial to reduce the mismatch between copper and silicon.
Longitudinal distance standards of fetal growth. Intrauterine and Infant Longitudinal Growth Study: IILGS.

BACKGROUND Most ultrasonographic fetal growth norms are derived from cross-sectional data or from longitudinal data treated as coming from cross-sectional studies, although only longitudinal models may detect particular aspects of fetal growth shape, such as peak of growth velocity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 238 singleton normal pregnancies. All the fetal traits under study (biparietal diameter, occipito-frontal diameter, head circumference, femur diaphysis length and abdomen circumference) were measured according to the classical ultrasound techniques by highly trained operators. Individual growth profiles (made up of 5 to 9 measures) were taken at regular intervals between the 12th and the 40th week. Growth norms were traced by means of a two-stage linear model: (I) a 3-constant fetal growth function was fitted to each individual growth profile, (II) growth centiles were based upon the weighted mean and covariance matrix of the individual growth constants. RESULTS Fetal growth curves show a sigmoid shape with a maximum slope (i.e. a peak growth velocity) which occurs earlier for head diameters (about 18 weeks), later for femur diaphysis length (20 weeks) and abdomen circumference (22 weeks). During intrauterine growth, all traits show a progressive increase in interindividual variability, which is more prominent for abdomen circumference. CONCLUSION The mathematical model applied to a large sample of growth profiles provided a satisfactory description of the individual fetal development and its biological variability, and allowed the construction of longitudinal distance standards useful for clinical purposes.
Reducing nitrogen footprints of consumer-level food loss and protein overconsumption in Japan, considering gender and age differences

The agro-food system perturbs the nitrogen (N) cycle through its N loads to the environment. The present study focused on food-related consumer-level N loads in Japan from 1961–2015, with a particular focus on food loss and protein overconsumption. Gender and age differences were also analyzed. Consumer-level food loss was negligible until the 1970s, when it began to slowly increase, accounting for an average of 13.2% of the annual net supply during 2011–2015. Japanese people have consumed more protein than the World Health Organization’s recommended intake since 1961. Protein overconsumption increased until the mid-1990s, when it began to decrease, but it still accounted for an average of 32.3% of total annual protein consumption during 2011–2015. The national mean of food N footprints (total release of reactive N into the environment related to individual food consumption) in the same period was 18.3 kg N capita–1 yr–1, of which food loss accounted for 4% and protein overconsumption for 37%. The food N footprint of each sex/age class varied from 16.0–21.6 kg N capita–1 yr–1, males had a larger footprint in each age class. Seven scenarios to reduce the N footprints were evaluated; a scenario that included halving protein overconsumption, livestock meat consumption, and food loss was estimated to reduce the food N footprint by 31%. Thus, there is room for reducing consumer-induced N loads to the environment. Campaigns aimed at boosting healthy and environmentally friendly diets should consider the diverse consumption patterns of different sex and age classes.
Geographic distribution of risk of death due to homicide in Puerto Rico, 2001-2010.

OBJECTIVE To raise awareness of the impact of homicides in Puerto Rico based on the findings of the spatial and temporal distribution of homicides and the use of firearms, by age and gender, using reports of interpersonal violent deaths from the Institute of Forensic Science (IFS) headquartered in San Juan, Puerto Rico. METHODS This was a descriptive study of all homicide incidents in Puerto Rico reported by the IFS for the period 2001-2010. For each of the 8 542 cases, data analyzed included age, sex, municipality of incident, date of death, and mechanism. Crude sex- and age-specific mortality rates for Puerto Rico and for each municipality per year and for the 10-year period were calculated. Cumulative rate and cumulative risks were estimated and defined as lifetime risk. The relative distribution of cumulative rates for each municipality was categorized into quartiles of highest to lowest risk and displayed as a map. RESULTS The risk of homicide death among males is 13 times greater than among females. The highest rates were observed among males 20-24 years of age (198.4 homicides per 100 000). In any given year, firearms were used in at least 80% of homicides. The average lifetime risk of homicide death for males is 1 in 34. CONCLUSIONS Young adult males with access to firearms are at greatest risk of homicide in Puerto Rico. Also, highly urbanized municipalities are at highest risk; however, certain non-urban municipalities along the coast also have a very high homicide risk. Top priorities should be applying the WHO "ecological model" for violent injury prevention and establishing a surveillance system that will assist in identifying the role that socioeconomics, illegal firearms trade, and drug trafficking are playing.
Endogenous business cycles and Harrodian instability in an agent-based model

Abstract The article presents an original stock-flow consistent macroeconomic agent-based model with the aim to reexamine Harrod’s instability principle as an explanatory element of macroeconomic dynamics. The main findings are that bottom-up economic models can be subject to Harrodian instability and can produce endogenous cycles without introducing innovation waves, monetary wage spirals, or financial instability. Upward instability is stopped by the ceiling of full employment, and downward instability can be tamed by introducing an autonomous expenditure that feeds aggregate demand.
Substrate current at cryogenic temperatures: Measurements and a two-dimensional model for CMOS technology

This work characterizes the temperature, channel length, and voltage dependences of substrate current, and presents a local model describing this behavior using Shockley's lucky electron (LE) model as a basis. For n-channel (p-channel) devices, the model is extended using a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution of hot-electron (hole) energies above (below) the conduction (valence) band minimum (maximum). The model has been implemented in CADDET, a 2-D device simulator, and is able to explain all of the important features of substrate current which have been reported to date. The model is discussed in the context of works which look at both the local and physical nature of the impact ionization phenomenon. Based on this discussion, the model's parameters are shown to have a solid physical basis, requiring no reliance on curve fitting. The agreement between data and simulations thus enhances physical understanding of substrate current in MOSFET's, and warrants confident design of CMOS technologies for cryogenic operation.
C31. Efficient image transmission over the single carrier frequency division multiple access system using chaotic interleaving

Present day applications require various kinds of images and pictures as sources of information for interpretation and analysis. This paper studies the efficient image transmission over Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system. In this paper, the performance of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) based SC-FDMA system and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based SC-FDMA system is studied in order to select the proper technique for efficient image transmission. We also propose a chaotic interleaving scheme to be used with SC-FDMA for efficient image transmission. Simulation of both systems using Matlab program is presented, and the experimental results show that the DCT based SC-FDMA system achieves higher Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values in the received images than the DFT based SC-FDMA system due to its excellent spectral energy compaction property. Moreover, it uses only real arithmetics rather than the complex arithmetics used in the DFT based SC-FDMA system. Furthermore, the results show that the PSNR values are enhanced by the applying chaotic interleaving scheme in both systems.
A New Vector-Based Hysteresis Current Control Scheme for Three-Phase PWM Voltage-Source Inverters

This paper presents a new vector-based hysteresis current controller (HCC) for three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage-source inverters (VSI). The HCC is intrinsically robust to the load parameters variations, exhibits very fast transient performance, and is suitable for simple implementations. Despite these advantages, the conventional HCC has a major drawback when applied to the three-phase PWM-VSI: interphases dependency leads to very high-switching frequencies in the inverter. This paper starts with a review on the vector-based HCCs reported in the literature to address this problem. Then, a new vector-based method is proposed using multilevel hysteresis comparators integrated with a switching table. The proposed method works with the inverter current vector represented in the stationary α- β frame and produces a coordinated switching pattern. The current error is kept inside a square tolerance region without significant increase in the complexity of the hardware implementation. Simulation results show that the proposed vector-based method can retain the advantages of the conventional HCC. However, the steady-state performance of the proposed current regulator is significantly improved by reducing the switching frequency and minimizing oscillations of the inverter current vector. The proposed current controller is finally compared with other reported vector-based methods and its advantages are illustrated.
Transmission over coupled six-core fiber with two in-line cladding-pumped six-core EDFAs

We demonstrate two in-line cladding-pumped 6-core Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with recirculation loop transmission over 465-km coupled-6-core fiber. Total capacity of 7.2-Tb/s SDM/WDM transmission is achieved with a spectral efficiency of 18-bit/s/Hz.