Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representation of Probability Density Functions from Orbit Determination using the Particle Filter

Statistical orbit determination enables us to obtain estimates of the state and the statistical information of its region of uncertainty. In order to obtain an accurate representation of the probability density function (PDF) that incorporates higher order statistical information, we propose the use of nonlinear estimation methods such as the Particle Filter. The Particle Filter (PF) is capable of providing a PDF representation of the state estimates whose accuracy is dependent on the number of particles or samples used. For this method to be applicable to real case scenarios, we need a way of accurately representing the PDF in a compressed manner with little information loss. Hence we propose using the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) as a non-Gaussian dimensional reduction method that is capable of maintaining higher order statistical information obtained using the PF. Methods such as the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are based on utilizing up to second order statistics, hence will not suffice in maintaining maximum information content. Both the PCA and the ICA are applied to two scenarios that involve a highly eccentric orbit with a lower apriori uncertainty covariance and a less eccentric orbit with a higher a priori uncertainty covariance, to illustrate the capability of the ICA in relation to the PCA.
Fault creep and microseismicity on the Hayward fault, California: Implications for asperity size

The Hayward fault is documented to undergo significant creep, with some patches accommodating 50% or more of the long‐term fault displacement. In spite of this, the fault has also experienced moderate to large earthquakes. By comparing the patterns of microseismicity observed on the fault with models of fault zone creep, we can investigate the long‐term displacement/deformation history of the fault in terms of the relative roles of aseismic creep, fault slip accommodated through microseismicity, and strain accumulation (slip deficit). We find that microseismicity on the Hayward fault produces a negligible percentage of the seismic moment dissipated on the fault. Combining seismicity with our fault creep models allows us to calculate the size of asperities on the creeping fault. For small asperities associated with repeating earthquakes on the Hayward fault, the rupture areas of these asperities range from 20 to 60 m2.
Graphical User Interface for Simulating Convolutional Coding with Viterbi Decoding in Digital Communication Systems using Matlab

2 ABSTRACT: This paper presents Graphical User Interface (GUI) for simulating convolutional coding with Viterbi decoding in digital communication system using MATLAB. Digital transmission is not free from channel impairments such as noise, interference and fading which cause signal distortion and degradation in signal to noise ratio. These introduce a lot of errors on the information bits sent from one place to another. To address these problems, Convolutional coding is introduced at the transmitter side and Viterbi decoding at the receiver end to ensure consistent error free transmission. In order to visualize the effect and evaluate the performance of the coding and decoding used, simulation programs that encode and decode digital data were designed, written and tested in MATLAB. The generated bit error rate (BER) is plotted against Energy per bit to noise spectral density (Eb/No) for different digital input data. It is seen that as Eb/No increases, bit error rate decreases thereby increasing the performance of the convolutional code rate used in the transmission channel at both end. Further analysis and discussion were made based on the MATLAB graph results obtained.
Protection from Bankruptcy in the Acquisition Process

Purpose – t he a im o f t he p aper i s t o p resent a scheme, which was developed for the analysis of acquisitions in terms of protection from bankruptcy. It was also shown that the scheme can be used in calculating the number of shares, the purchase of which will not be the subject, in theory, to bankruptcy. Design/methodology/approach – For the development of the proposed scheme, the authors used literature and tools- based on financial engineering, and the calculations were carried out on hypothetical data. Findings – Our calculations show that the proposed scheme can be used for the assessment acquisitions of companies; however, it should be taken into account that a number of important assumptions may significantly affect the final evaluation. Originality/value – The development can be considered as complementary to current knowledge on mergers and acquisitions. You can recognize them also as a contribution to separate quantitative research and a voice in the discussion, needed for the development of the subject work.
Systematic polysemy in lexicology and lexicography

The phenomenon of systematic polysemy offers a fruitful do­ main forexamlnlng the theoretical differences between lexicological and lexicographic approaches to description. We consider here the process that provides for systematic conversion of count to mass nouns in English (a chicken ^ chicken, an oak ^ oak etc.). From the point of vlew of lexicology, we argue, standard syntactic and pragmatic tests suggest the phenomenon should be described by means of a single unlndlvlduated transfer function thatdoes notdlstlnguish between interpretations (rabbit = "meat" vs. "fur"). From thepointofviewoflexicography. however, these pragmatically determined "sense precisions" are made part of explicit description via the inclusion ofsemantlc "llcenses,"a mechanism distinct from lexical rules. 1. Systematic Polysemy It is well known that we can make productive generalizations about the relations among word uses, say in the form of implicational statements like: '1f a word has a use of type s, it also has a use of type s'. " Thus a word that denotes a place or kind of place can be used to refer to the people who live there (The city /county /state votedfor Jones); a word that denotes a periodical publication or kind of periodical publication can be used to refer to its publisher (The newspaper I The Times opposed the project); and so on. In recent years these regularities have been increasingly prominent in lexical research. In this paper, we will describe the general phenomenon of transfer as "systematic polysemy," and we will use the term "transfer functions" to describe the mappings from one class of words to another. Systematic polysemy raises a number of problems for lexicographers, particularly if dictionaries are to be modified to accommodate new types of users and new applications. Some of the difficulties are essentially structural or organizational. Conventional, itembased formats provide no obvious place for listing regularities like these. And even if devices are introduced to represent them, say via the kinds of codes that are used to represent syntactic classes, it is not a simple matter to accommodate their use to ordinary conceptions of sense-structure, or to coordinate their treatment in the defining process. For the purposes of this discussion, however, we will assume that lexicographers have available a format in which such rules can be represented, whether as designed for print or computational presentation. We will also assume some mechanism for achieving con-
Static Hedging of Barrier Options with a Smile: An Inverse Problem

Let L be a parabolic second order differential operator on the domain ¯ Π = [0, T ] × ℝ. Given a function u : ℝ → R and ^x > 0 such that the support of of u is contained in (−∞, −ˆx], we let ˆy : ¯ Π → E be the solution to the equation: Lˆy= 0, ^ y| {0}× ℝ = u. Given positive bounds 0
Airflow simulation through a dynamic subject- specific model of the central airways

Past studies utilised Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyse the airflow and the particle deposition within realistic models of the central airways constructed from Computed Tomography (CT) data. However, as the material properties of the airway wall and of its surrounding tissues are largely unknown, investigations were limited to static/rigid models of the central airways, whilst central airways are compliant in nature. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for deforming the airway CFD mesh between two volumetric positions to allow the simulation of the full breathing cycle. The deformation algorithm was validated against available Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) lung volume change measurements and showed good agreement. It was found that the wall motion has a significant effect on the airflow pattern and distribution with respect to the rigid wall model.
Limits of limit sets, II: Geometrically infinite groups

We show that for a strongly convergent sequence of purely loxodromic nitely generated Kleinian groups with incompressible ends, Cannon-Thurston maps, viewed as maps from a xed base limit set to the Riemann sphere, converge uniformly. For algebraically con- vergent sequences we show that there exist examples where even pointwise convergence of Cannon-Thurston maps fails. MSC classication: 30F40; 57M50
Decision Maps for Bivariate Time Series with Potential Threshold Cointegration

Abstract: Bivariate time series data often show strong relationships between the two components, while both individual variables can be approximated by random walks in the short run andare obviously bounded in the long run. Three model classes are considered for a time-series model selection problem: stable vector autoregressions, cointegrated models, and globally stable threshold models. It is demonstrated how simulated decision maps help in classifying observed time series. The maps process the joint evidence of two test statistics: a canonical root and an LR--type specification statistic for threshold effects. ;
AQUA: Questions that drive the explanation process

XP retrieval questions: Decision anomalies: ¥ Anomaly: goal-violation Situation: Actor does action that results in a negative outcome. Questions: Ð Did the actor actually want this outcome (i.e., did we misperceive his goals? ) Ð Did the action result in another outcome that the actor wanted even at the expense of the negative outcome? Ð Was the actor forced into doing this action? Ð Did the actor know that the action would have this negative outcome? ¥ Did the actor have enough information about the environment? ¥ Did the actor project the effects of the action correctly? For example, since there is a goal-violation anomaly in the above story, AQUA asks the following abstract XP retrieval questions: Anomaly! The SUICIDE BOMBING violates THE GOAL OF THE BOY TO PRESERVE THE LIFE STATE OF THE BOY. Searching for abstract XPs DID THE SUICIDE BOMBING RESULT IN A STATE? and WAS THE GOAL OF THE BOY TO ACHIEVE THE STATE MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE GOAL OF THE BOY TO PRESERVE THE LIFE OF THE BOY? No other RESULTS of THE SUICIDE BOMBING known. Suspending explanation DID THE BOY BELIEVE THAT THE SUICIDE BOMBING WOULD RESULT IN THE DEATH STATE OF THE BOY? No relevant BELIEFS found Suspending explanation These questions are indexed in memory, and are used to determine the interesting aspects of the story. The above questions represent the fact that AQUA is interested in the GOALS and BELIEFS of the boy, as well as further results of the suicide bombing mission. If a question is answered later in
RNA interference ‐ mediated silencing of ppGalNAc ‐ T 1 and ppGalNAc ‐ T 2 inhibits invasion and increases chemosensitivity potentially by reducing terminal α 2 , 3 sialylation and MMP 14 expression in triple ‐ negative breast cancer cells

Glycopeptide-preferring polypeptide N-ace tylgalactosamine transferase (ppGalNAc-T) is a key enzyme that initiates the formation of the first GalNAc monosaccharide to polypeptides at Thr/Ser residues by O-linked glycosylation. In order to investigate the effects of ppGalNAc-T1 and ppGalNAc-T2 on the initiation of O-glycosylation, siRNA-ppGalNAc-T1 (si-T1) and siRNA-ppGalNAc-T2 (si-T2) were transfected into highly-invasive estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 cells to inhibit O-glycosylation. Downregulation of ppGalNAc‐T1 demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids, when compared to cells transfected with si-T2 or si-T1/T2. This downregulation led to a decrease in the invasion capabilities of the breast carcinoma cells, as well as enhanced chemosensitivity, which was the result antineoplastic drug effects. In addition, immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that downregulation of ppGalNAc-T1 led to a reduction in the number of terminal α2,3 sialic acids on O-linked glycans of the matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14) glycoprotein. Furthermore, MMP14 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated in the si-T1 groups when compared with the si-T2 and si-T1/T2 groups. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ppGalNAc-T1 may serve a pivotal role in the initiation of O-glycosylation, which may lead to a low density of α2,3 sialic acids on O-linked glycans of MMP14 when downregulated. Glycosylation serves a significant role in regulating the sensitivity of MMP14 to self-proteolysis, which ultimately decreases the invasion capabilities of breast cancer cells. The results of the present study may be useful in establishing the function of ppGalNAc-T1 during breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
Cross-amplification of microsatellite loci in the endangered stone-crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium (Crustacea: Decapoda)

Key-words: polymorphism, cross-species, spatial-scale, conservation, population genetics The major aim of this study is to describe the first microsatellite loci for the stone-crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium), by cross-species amplification. Austropotamobius torrentium is a priority species in the EU Habitats Directive and it needs effective conservation management efforts throughout Europe. We tested cross-species amplification of 55 decapod microsatellite primer pairs in A. torrentium and only ten of these loci, from relatively close related species, yielded PCR products of expected sizes. Five of the ten microsatellites proved to be polymorphic (allele numbers ranging from 4 to 14 in a set of 35 individuals). Three of the loci exhibited departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium which could be explained by the presence of null alleles. A forth locus exhibiting HWE deviation, but no null alleles, suggest the possible presence of population substructure of the species in the investigated area. These microsatellite markers are useful for population genetic studies of stone-crayfish.
A Theory of the Worst Forms of Child Labour

Although intuitive and morally compelling, a ban on the worst forms of child labour in poor countries is unlikely to be welfare improving. We show that harmful forms of child labour have an economic role: by maintaining wages for child labour high enough, they allow human capital accumulation in poor countries. Unless appropriate mechanisms are designed to mitigate the decline in child labour wages caused by reduced employment options for children, a ban on harmful forms of child labour will likely prove undesirable. We perform our analysis within a simple model of parental investment in children's education.
Knowledge discovery on consumers’ behaviour

This paper summarizes results of the research project "Application of modern methods to data processing in the field of marketing research" which was solved at the Department of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Economics of Mendel University in Brno. The most of these results were presented at international conferences.It describes the use of knowledge discovery techniques on data from marketing research of consumers' behaviour. The paper deals with issues of classification, cluster analysis, correlation and association rules.For classification there were used various algorithms: multi-layer perceptron neural network, self-organizing (Kohonen's) maps, bayesian networks and generation of a decision tree. Beside Kohonen's maps, which were tested in MATLAB software, all classification methods were tested in Weka software.In order to find clusters of the methods K-means, Expectation-Maximization, DBSCAN Weka was also used as software for clustering.Correlation analysis was done based on statistical approach. Generation of association rules was achieved by use of Apriori and the FP-growth algorithm in Weka.The paper describes above mentioned methods and shows achieved results of exploring data from marketing research on consumers' behaviour.This article discusses the suitability of these methods usage on such data sets. It also suggests further research possibilities of knowledge discovery on consumers' behaviour.
Poincaré duality in equivariant intersection theory

We study the Poincare duality map from equivariant Chow cohomology to equivariant Chow groups in the case of torus actions on complete, possibly singular, varieties with isolated fixed points. Our main results yield criteria for the Poincare duality map to become an isomorphism in this setting. The methods rely on the localization theorem for equivariant Chow cohomology and the notion of algebraic rational cell. We apply our results to complete spherical varieties and their generalizations.
A Modified Pareto Dominance Based Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm for Groundwater Management Model

This study proposes a groundwater management model in which the solution is performed through a combined simulation-optimization model. In the proposed model, a modular three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow model, MODFLOW is used as simulation model. This model is then integrated with an optimization model, in which a modified Pareto dominance based RealCoded Genetic Algorithm (mPRCGA) is adopted. The performance of the proposed mPRCGA based management model is tested on a hypothetical numerical example. The results indicate that the proposed mPRCGA based management model is an effective way to obtain good optimum management strategy and may be used to solve other type of groundwater simulation-optimization problems.
An Enthusiastic Glance in to the Visible Responsive Photocatalysts for Energy Production and Pollutant Removal, with Special Emphasis on Titania

As a consequence of the rapid growth of industry, major problems are created related to energy and environment. Sunlight being one of the most potential alternative source of energy, the development of efficient solar-energy storage systems is an important subject in the fields of science and technology. Here we have reviewed and summarized some of the recent reports on visible responsive photocatalysts. In this review, the influence of various metal oxide photocatalysts on energy production and pollutant removal are presented with special emphasis on titania based photocatalysts. The photoactivity of titania for various pollutant degradation, modified titania (TiO2) systems, their physical and chemical characteristics, and so forth, are described in detail at this juncture. Different methods used to enhance the visible light absorption of TiO2, like doping with metals and nonmetals, coupling with other metal oxides, and so forth, have been discussed. Various applications of photocatalysts including photocatalytic treatment of waste water, pesticide degradation and water splitting to produce hydrogen are summarized. The development of photocatalysts that function under visible light for the efficient utilization of sunlight is an area of current interest and thus the different methods of preparation for the visible active photocatalysts are also explored.
A COMPARATIVE NOVEL METHOD OF ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR MALASSEZIA FURFUR AND MODIFICATION OF CULTURE MEDIUM BY ADDING LIPID SUPPLEMENT

Introduction of new antifungal compounds has increased the demand for method of in vitro testing. The present study has proposed a new method of studying antifungal activity of different compounds by using 96 well plates. The infection by different species of Malassezia is quite common in tropical country like India. Malassezia being a eukaryote, the treatments against it may also adversely affect the patient. Hence, as an alternative, cheap, affordable, ecofriendly, botanicals may be used. In this background, a comparative study on the efficacy of synthetic ingredients (on the basis of their performance in the market) and botanicals was carried out in-vitro against Malassezia furfur (MTCC 1765) . Evaluation of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of two standard antifungal drugs (Ketoconazole and Fluconazole) available in the market against Malassezia furfur and their comparison with botanicals Â was done Â using Â broth microdilution method Â recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) with slight modifications. The present work is also an attempt to standardized culture medium for growing Malassezia species by overlay of sterile cotton seed oil with principal medium. Cotton seed oil can be used as supplement with principal medium for best growth of Malassezia . Keywords : Botanicals, Malassezia furfur, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations, Synthetics Â Amit Kumar Tiwari et al. A Comparative Novel Method of Antifungal Susceptibility for Malassezia furfur and Modification of Culture Medium by Adding Lipid Supplement. J. Phytol 3/3 (2011) 44-52.
Sticker shocks: using VAT changes to estimate upper-level elasticities of substitution

We estimate the upper-level elasticity of substitution between goods and services of a nested aggregate CES preference specification. We show how this elasticity can be derived from the long-run response of the relative price of a good to a change in its VAT rate. We estimate this elasticity using new data on changes in VAT rates across 74 goods and services for 25 E.U. countries from 1996 through 2015. Our results point to an upper-level elasticity of between 1, at a high level of aggregation that distinguishes 12 categories of goods and services, and 3, at the lowest level of aggregation with 74 categories.
Effectiveness of incentives to promote adoption of water sensitive urban design: A case study on rain water harvesting tanks

Water sensitive urban design (WSUD) often consists of decentralized multi-functional technologies which are capable of producing both private and public benefits. However, private costs often outweigh private benefits, and therefore agencies must often provide incentives to encourage adoption of such technologies. Scarce resources also require cost-effective schemes. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the performance of incentive schemes to promote WSUD. In this paper, we develop an agent-based model to study the effectiveness of an incentive scheme to promote adoption of rain water tanks. Using a case-study based on Melbourne, we study how its costeffectiveness changes with targeting different sizes of rain water tanks (2, 5, 10 kl) and different proportion of districts affected by heat stress. We observe that targeting smaller sized tanks promotes quicker adoption but is less cost-effective in terms of water savings and environmental services per dollar. Public agencies can use such information in developing more targeted approaches to promote WSUD technologies.