Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utilization of light for the assimilation of organic matter in Chlorella sp. VJ79

Chlorella sp. strain VJ79 was isolated from a total heterotrophic count of a wastewater collector. It grows autotrophically, heterotrophically, and mixotrophically on a variety of organic substrates. Glucose and serine promote a mixotrophic growth from which the yield is higher than the sum of autotrophic and heterotrophic yields, but serine assimilation requires light. The interaction of glucose and light was studied in proliferating and nonproliferating cells by respirometry (IRGA and Warburg) and growth experiments. Glucose inhibits the photosynthetic CO2 fixation ten‐fold and modifies the pigmentary system as it does in heterotrophic cultures. Light inhibits glucose uptake and assimilation, but under mixotrophic conditions maximal utilization of glucose is obtained. Mutants defective in autotrophic growth were isolated by mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine. They show a degenerated pigmentary system and a mixotrophic growth yield equal to that of the heterotrophic growth. The analysis of the mixotrophic system shows that light energy, dissipated during autotrophic growth, is used under mixotrophic conditions. From the increase in growth, the increase in photosynthetic efficiency can be calculated as ca. sixfold.
Biodistribution of 111In‐labelled SCN‐bz‐DTPA‐BC‐2 MAb following loco‐regional injection into glioblastomas

We analyzed the biodistribution of the 111In‐labelled murine anti‐tenascin‐C MAb BC‐2 after intralesional injection in 15 glioblastoma patients. The activated ligand DTPA was conjugated via the isothiocyanato‐benzyl group onto BC‐2. Conjugates were labelled with 111In, displaying immunoreactivity greater than 90% and labelling efficiency of 99 ± 1%. In contrast to i.v. injections, excellent tumor uptake was obtained by direct intralesional injection of conjugates that showed only slow systemic release. In serum, conjugates were found to be intact; in urine, only low‐molecular‐weight decay products were detected. In 8 patients, outflow from the site of injection into systemic circulation was low; daily activity in the serum and urine was found to be below 2% of the total injected radioactivity; most of the injected activity was retained within the tumor, resulting in effective half‐lives of 58 ± 5 hr. In contrast, higher outflow up to 10% of regionally injected 111In‐DTPA‐BC‐2 MAb into systemic circulation resulted in considerable shortening of the effective half‐lives to 20 to 40 hr in 7 patients. This outflow was found to correlate with tumor size and blood/brain barrier disruption. In one patient, HPLC analysis of tumor cyst fluid 3 and 6 days after intralesional injection revealed conjugates to be intact and allowed the estimate of about 70% of the total injected 111In‐DTPA‐BC‐2 to be confined to tumor tissue. We conclude that different outflow patterns can be observed following locoregional injection of 111In‐DTPA‐BC‐2, leading to considerable variations in the effective half‐lives of isotopes within the tumor, requiring adjustment of the radiation dose in therapeutic trials.Int. J. Cancer 71: 810‐816, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
EFFECTS OF NONPEPTIDE V1a AND V2 ANTAGONISTS ON BLOOD PRESSURE FAST OSCILLATIONS IN CONSCIOUS RATS

This paper describes the effects of vasopressin nonpeptide selective V1a (OPC-21268) and V2 (OPC-31260) antagonists on fast blood pressure (BP) oscillations in conscious non-haemorrhaged and haemorrhaged rats. Equidistant sampling at 20 Hz allowed direct spectral analysis of BP on 30 overlapping 2048 point-time series. In non-haemorrhaged rats, V1a antagonist (5 mg/kg; i.v) reduced BP and low-frequency (LF-BP) component while subsequent administration of V2 antagonist (1 mg/kg; i.v) reversed these changes and enhanced the very low-frequency (VLF-BP) component. In haemorrhaged rats (5-15 ml/kg/min) V2 antagonist pre-treatment enhanced the VLF-BP component during normotensive bleeding, while the V1a antagonist pre-treatment modified BP variability after hypotensive haemorrhage by enhancing the HF-SBP component. The results suggest that under normotensive conditions vasopressin by the stimulation of both V1a and V2 receptors buffers BP variability in the VLF-BP frequency domain. In addition, under hypotensive conditions vasopressin, by the stimulation of V1a receptors buffers the respiration-induced HF-BP oscillation.
Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to changes in central command during isometric exercise at constant muscle tension

1. Experiments were designed to show whether elements of the command descending from higher centres to exercising muscles provide an input for cardiovascular and respiratory control. Vibration, known to be a powerful stimulus to the primary afferents from muscle spindles, was applied to the biceps tendon of human subjects performing sustained isometric contractions with the biceps or the triceps muscle. When the biceps was contracting this activation of muscle spindle primary afferents in it provided an element of reflex excitation, so that less central command was required to achieve a given tension. When triceps was contracting, the activation of muscle spindle primary afferents in its antagonist, biceps, contributed an element of reflex inhibition, so that more central command than normally was required to achieve a given tension. The cardiovascular and respiratory responses to an isometric effort could thus be investigated at any tension when the central command was normal, decreased, or increased.
Peak aerobic power is an important component of physical performance in older women.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peak aerobic power (VO2peak) and performance on a modified Physical Performance Test (modified PPT) in older women. METHODS One hundred one women aged 75 years and older seeking enrollment in randomized, controlled trials of exercise and/or hormone replacement therapy were recruited from the community-at-large and from congregate living sites. Measures obtained included VO2peak, a modified PPT, and self-reports about performance of activities of daily living. RESULTS Simple regression analysis demonstrated that VO2peak was associated with total PPT score (r =.53, p <.001), gait speed (r =.44, p <.001), time to arise from a chair five times (r =.43, p = <.001), and time to climb one flight of stairs (r =.36, p =.007). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the relationships between VO2peak and total modified PPT score, gait speed, chair rise time, and time to climb one flight of stairs were independent of age. CONCLUSIONS Peak aerobic power is a significant independent predictor of performance on a standardized test of physical function in older women and is an important component of physical frailty in this population.
Mechanism of action of bleomycin. Studies with the growing culture of bacterial and tumor cells.

Bleomycin was observed to inhibit DNA and protein syntheses in intact Escherichia coli, Ehrlich carcinoma and HeLa cells. DNA synthesis was more profoundly affected than protein synthesis. RNA synthesis was not significantly suppressed by the antibiotic. The activity of bleomycin was highly dependent on the number of cells and on the concentration of phosphate in the medium, being more pronounced at low concentration of phosphate and with fewer cells. Bleomycin complex, copper-free bleomycin A2, copper-chelating bleomycin A2 (Cu 2.6 % w/w) and copper-saturated bleomycin A2 (Cu 5.1 %) were studied. All of them exhibited substantially the same activity. Bleomycin caused elongation of E. coli cells and enlargement of HeLa cells, with a reduction in the number of mitotic figures of growing HeLa cells, indicating that the antibiotic interfered with the mitotic process.
Finding freedom : Freespace segmentation using occupancy grids from stereo disparities

This project presents an implementation of the freespace segmentation approach proposed in [1]. This segmentation approach uses an occupancy grid representation which only requires a stereo disparity image and associated camera model for freespace computation, making it more computationally efficient than some state-of-the-art approaches using CNNs. Different segmentation algorithms were evaluated and a Kalman filter was implemented for improving the quality of disparity images. The performance of the implementation was evaluated on a labelled portion of the KITTI dataset based on precision and recall and demonstrates promising results, outperforming the state-of-the-art approaches in some metrics including runtime performance. However, the performance of the system is dependant on the quality of the disparity images provided and performs poorly in certain environments.
RoboFish: increased acceptance of interactive robotic fish with realistic eyes and natural motion patterns by live Trinidadian guppies

In recent years, simple biomimetic robots have been increasingly used in biological studies to investigate social behavior, for example collective movement. Nevertheless, a big challenge in developing biomimetic robots is the acceptance of the robotic agents by live animals. In this contribution, we describe our recent advances with regard to the acceptance of our biomimetic RoboFish by live Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We provide a detailed technical description of the RoboFish system and show the effect of different appearance, motion patterns and interaction modes on the acceptance of the artificial fish replica. Our results indicate that realistic eye dummies along with natural motion patterns significantly improve the acceptance level of the RoboFish. Through the interactive behaviors, our system can be adjusted to imitate different individual characteristics of live animals, which further increases the bandwidth of possible applications of our RoboFish for the study of animal behavior.
Exploring the origin and limitations of kidney regeneration

Epidemiological findings indicate that acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD), although the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Genetic fate mapping demonstrated that nephrons, functional units in the kidney, are repaired by surviving nephrons after AKI. However, the cell population that repairs damaged nephrons and their repair capacity limitations remain controversial. To answer these questions, we generated a new transgenic mouse strain in which mature proximal tubules, the segment predominantly damaged during AKI, could be genetically labelled at desired time points. Using this strain, massive proliferation of mature proximal tubules is observed during repair, with no dilution of the genetic label after the repair process, demonstrating that proximal tubules are repaired mainly by their own proliferation. Furthermore, acute tubular injury caused significant shortening of proximal tubules associated with interstitial fibrosis, suggesting that proximal tubules have a limited capacity to repair. Understanding the mechanism of this limitation might clarify the mechanism of the AKI‐to‐CKD continuum. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation on the transmission beam-steering capabilities of tunable impedance surfaces

In this work we present a study of active impedance surfaces to be used for beam-steering and beam-forming applications. The intent is to control the shape of the beam scattered by an impedance surface by dynamically controlling the phase of the wave transmitted by each unit cell. Such a control can be obtained embedding an electronically tunable capacitance (e.g. varactor diode or MEMS) into the passive structure. In particular, this paper presents a preliminary study on a varactor-loaded Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) based on rectangular slots. This configuration was analyzed through full wave simulations obtained by tuning the variable capacitances. Results show a wide phase range with an insertion loss of less than 3dB.
Tuning Microstrip Patch Antennas on Ferrite Substrate Using Simple Ground Plane Structures

An additional tuning strategy for microstrip patch antennas on magnetized ferrite substrates is presented. It is shown that by introducing simple ground plane structures, the response of the patch antenna can be improved considerably. The analysis method is based on a 3D FDTD algorithm. The FDTD model utilizes the auxiliary difierential equation approach to represent the frequency dependent permeability tensor in the time domain equations. The resulting 3D full-wave numerical model is tested and verifled against experimental data showing very good agreement. Microstrip patch antennas on ferrite substrates ofier a number of advantages over normal dielectric material. Due to their fairly high dielectric constant, miniaturization is possible. Further, because of the property of frequency tuning by external biasing flelds, the radar cross section of such anten- nas can be reduced (1{6). Also, changing the beam width and direction is possible in ferrite-based antenna arrays (7). However, the analysis of ferrite-based problems is often complex due to the inherent anisotropy and nonlinearity in the material. Analytical solutions are generally inaccurate because they are based on simplifying assumptions (8). Therefore, the development of accurate numerical techniques is essential. Several numerical techniques have been used to study the re- sponse of ferrite-based microstrip patch antennas including the flnite-element method (FEM) (9), the transmission line method (TLM) (10) and using Green's functions (11). Schuster and Lueb- bers (12) reported the application of the FDTD method coupled with the recursive convolution method to model the frequency dependent response of ferrite materials. In their algorithm, four convolutions in the update equations required the storage of four complex numbers per cell. Be- cause the FDTD method solves for the basic fleld quantities, it ofiers a great amount of information usually from one simulation run. This property makes the method very attractive and very popular in the computational electromagnetics society (13). The FDTD algorithm presented in this paper is a straightforward full-wave algorithm based on the auxiliary difierential equation (ADE) tech- nique (14) to model the frequency dependent permeability tensor of ferrite materials. The resulting scheme retains the fully explicit nature of the original FDTD method and enjoys the same features of ∞exibility and simplicity. It is used in this paper to investigate the tuning capability of simple ground plane structures on the response of a microstrip patch antenna printed on a magnetized ferrite substrate. The simulation results are compared to published experimental data. 2. FORMULATIONS For a ferrite material with magnetizing DC fleld in the z-direction, the frequency-dependent per- meability tensor is given by
Nickel‐induced IL‐10 down‐regulates Th1‐ but not Th2‐type cytokine responses to the contact allergen nickel

Whereas the involvement of Th1‐ and Th2‐type cytokines in contact allergy to nickel (Ni) is well documented, the role of the regulatory cytokine IL‐10 is less clear. We therefore investigated the impact of IL‐10 on Ni‐induced Th1‐ (IFN‐γ) and Th2‐type (IL‐4 and IL‐13) cytokine responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC from 15 blood donors with reactivity to Ni (Ni‐PBMC) and 8 control donors devoid of reactivity (control PBMC) were stimulated with Ni and the frequency of cytokine‐producing cells and the levels of secreted cytokines were analysed by ELISpot (IL‐4, IL‐13 and IFN‐γ) and ELISA (IL‐10, IL‐13 and IFN‐γ), respectively. The Ni‐induced response was further assessed in the presence of recombinant IL‐10 (rIL‐10) or neutralizing antibody to IL‐10 and the phenotype of the Ni‐specific cytokine‐producing cells regulated by IL‐10 was determined by cell depletion experiments. Ni induced IL‐10 production in Ni‐PBMC (mean, (range); 33·1 pg/ml (0–93·4 pg/ml)) but not control PBMC (2·2 pg/ml (0–14·9 pg/ml)) (P = 0·002). Ni also induced significant production of IL‐4, IL‐13 and IFN‐γ that correlated with the IL‐10 response. Addition of rIL‐10 down‐regulated the Ni‐induced production of all cytokines but with a more pronounced effect on IFN‐γ. However, neutralization of Ni‐induced IL‐10 enhanced the levels of IFN‐γ induced by Ni (P = 0·004) but did not affect the number of IFN‐γ‐producing cells or the production of other cytokines. Cell depletion experiments suggested that the Ni‐specific IFN‐γ (and Th2‐type cytokine) producing cells were CD4+ T cells. The impact of IL‐10 on Ni‐induced IFN‐γ responses by CD4+ T cells suggests that an important role of IL‐10 in vivo is to counteract the allergic reactions mediated by Th1‐type cytokines.
Fast TLS Denoising Algorithm Using Grid Technique

The Total Least Squares (TLS) is a denoising approach to take into the small system perturbations, and to restore the noisy images through a linear combination of the image patches. It can handle not only additive noise but also mixture noise. However, it suffers from high computational complexity and low efficiency. To this end, this paper proposes a grid-based denoising algorithm to speed up the TLS algorithm. Firstly, we utilize a mean value method instead of the bilateral filter parameters used in original algorithm to calculate the weight matrix, and then a strategy of making calculation every half patch is applied. It is proved by experiments that the proposed image denoising algorithm is capable of increasing the calculation speed by two orders of magnitude.
Contiki-Based IEEE 802.15.4 Channel Capacity Estimation and Suitability of Its CSMA-CA MAC Layer Protocol for Real-Time Multimedia Applications

Real-time multimedia applications require quality of service (QoS) provisioning in terms of bounds on delay and packet loss along with soft bandwidth guarantees. The shared nature of the wireless communication medium results in interference. Interference combined with the overheads, associated with a medium access control (MAC) protocol, and the implementation of a networking protocol stack limit the available bandwidth in IEEE 802.15. 4-based networks and can result in congestion, even if the transmission rates of nodes are well below the maximum bandwidth supported by an underlying communication technology. Congestion degrades the performance of admitted real-time multimedia flow(s). Therefore, in this paper, we experimentally derive the IEEE 802.15. 4 channel capacity using an unslotted CSMA-CA MAC protocol. We experimentally derive channel capacity for two cases, that is, when the CSMA-CA protocol is working without ACKs and when it is working with ACKs. Moreover, for both cases, we plot the relationship of offered data load with delay and packet loss rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the parameters that affect the choice of a CSMA-CA MAC layer protocol are end-to-end delay and packet loss requirements of a real-time multimedia flow, data load within the interference range of transmitters along the forwarding path, and length of the forwarding path.
3-D electric field computation with charge simulation method around buildings near HV transmission lines

Quad surface charge is adopted in the charge simulation method (CSM) to simulate the electric field under HV transmission lines in the vicinity of buildings. First, a semi-analytical integration strategy is proposed in the calculation of potential and field strength coefficients. Then, an experiment is designed to testify the method. Finally, the electrostatic field computation effect around an actual steeple roof building between surface and point simulation charge is compared.
The evolution of goal-based information modelling: literature review

Purpose – The first in a series on goal‐based information modelling, this paper presents a literature review of two goal‐based measurement methods. The second article in the series will build on this background to present an overview of some recent case‐based research that shows the applicability of the goal‐based methods for information modelling (as opposed to measurement). The third and concluding article in the series will present a new goal‐based information model – the goal‐based information framework (GbIF) – that is well suited to the task of documenting and evaluating organisational information flow.Design/methodology/approach – Following a literature review of the goal‐question‐metric (GQM) and goal‐question‐indicator‐measure (GQIM) methods, the paper presents the strengths and weaknesses of goal‐based approaches.Findings – The literature indicates that the goal‐based methods are both rigorous and adaptable. With over 20 years of use, goal‐based methods have achieved demonstrable and quantifiabl.
On the Size of a Random Maximal Graph

Let P be a graph property which is preserved by removal of edges. A random maximal P—graph is obtained from n independent vertices by randomly adding edges, at each stage choosing uniformly among edges whose inclusion would not destroy property P, until no further edges can be added. We address the question of the number of edges of a random maximal P—graph for several properties P, in particular the cases of “bipartite” and “triangle—free. ” A variety of techniques are used to show that the size of the random maximal bipartite graph is quadratic in n but of order only n3'2 in the triangle—free case. Along the way we obtain a slight improvement in the lower bound of the Ramsey number r(3, t). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Radiation‐Induced Tumors of the Head and Neck Following Childhood Irradiation: PROSPECTIVE STUDIES

Nodules were found in 1108 subjects who received childhood radiation for benign conditions of the cervical area at our institution. This is 37.5% of 2958 subjects, out of a total of 5379, for whom there is follow-up information. Of the 848 subjects who have had thyroidectomies, 297 (35.0%) had thyroid cancer. In addition to thyroid tumors, salivary, neural, and probably parathyroid tumors also occurred as a late consequence of childhood radiation. Prospective studies of the subjects indicate that thyroid nodules are continuing to occur at a constant rate. The measurement of serum thyroglobulin is helpful in identifying individuals for whom the risk of developing a nodule is increased. Follow-up of patients with nonsurgically-treated nodules indicates that some of their nodules are progressive. At the present time there is no indication that radiation-induced cancers behave differently than ones in other settings. However, some of their characteristics, especially their multicentricity and occurrence in younger individuals, indicate that continued follow-up is necessary. On the basis of the data generated by the follow-up program at our institution and programs elsewhere, recommendations for screening, treatment, and follow-up are made. The recommendations stress the importance of estimating risk based on radiation dose, previous tumors, and serum thyroglobulin, in arriving at clinical decisions for these subjects.
Organic Matter on Asteroid 130 Elektra

Infrared absorption spectra of a low-albedo water-rich asteroid appear to show a weak 3.4-micrometer carbon-hydrogen stretching mode band, which suggests the presence of hydrocarbons on asteroid 130 Elektra. The organic extract from the primitive carbonaceous chondritic Murchison meteorite shows similar spectral bands.