Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cutting Force And Chip Formation In End Milling Operation When Machining Nickel-Based Superalloy, Hastelloy C-2000

This paper presents an experimental study of the cutting force and chip formation in the end milling of the nickel-based superalloy, Hastelloy C-2000. The experiment was conducted using two different cutting inserts under wet conditions – namely physical vapor deposition coated with TiAlN, and uncoated carbide. The assessment of machining performance is based on a design of experiment. New insight into the influence of the cutting process on the cutting force and chip formation are key measures of machining performance. The effect of the machining parameters on chip formation was examined through scanning electron microscope micrographs and energy dispersive x-ray tests. The cutting forces and chip formation analysis for different sets of experiments were examined and compared in order to establish the most suitable cutting conditions, through highlighting the drawbacks and by suggesting proper measures to be undertaken during machining performance, which might overcome the barriers of machining Hastelloy C-2000.
Terminology as a key uncertainty in net land use and land cover change carbon flux estimates

Reasons for the large uncertainty in land use and land cover change (LULCC) emissions go beyond recog- nized issues related to the available data on land cover change and the fact that model simulations rely on a simplified and incomplete description of the complexity of biological and LULCC processes. The large range across published LULCC emission estimates is also fundamentally driven by the fact that the net LULCC flux is defined and calculated in differ- ent ways across models. We introduce a conceptual frame- work that allows us to compare the different types of models and simulation setups used to derive land use fluxes. We find that published studies are based on at least nine different def- initions of the net LULCC flux. Many multi-model synthe- ses lack a clear agreement on definition. Our analysis reveals three key processes that are accounted for in different ways: the land use feedback, the loss of additional sink capacity, and legacy (regrowth and decomposition) fluxes. We show that these terminological differences, alone, explain differ- ences between published net LULCC flux estimates that are of the same order as the published estimates themselves. This has consequences for quantifications of the residual terres- trial sink: the spread in estimates caused by terminological differences is conveyed to those of the residual sink. Fur- thermore, the application of inconsistent definitions of net LULCC flux and residual sink has led to double-counting of fluxes in the past. While the decision to use a specific def- inition of the net LULCC flux will depend on the scientific application and potential political considerations, our analy- sis shows that the uncertainty of the net LULCC flux can be substantially reduced when the existing terminological con- fusion is resolved.
The potential for battery electric vehicles in New Zealand

Several challenges are facing personal transport in New Zealand; the need to reduce carbon emissions, the depletion of cheap oil reserves, increasing congestion, localised pollution and the need for long term sustainability. One possible solution to replace petrol/diesel cars could be the mass deployment of cost competitive, comfortable, attractive, energy efficient battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This paper first discusses the social and technical barriers that have hindered the development of this type of electric vehicle and secondly, how they can now be overcome. The electricity supply for a New Zealand fleet of 2 million battery electric cars is also discussed.
Intra‐specific variability and plasticity influence potential tree species distributions under climate change

Aim To assess the effect of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity on the potential distribution of species under future climate changes. Trees may be adapted to specific climatic conditions; however, species range predictions have classically been assessed by species distribution models (SDMs) that do not account for intra-specific genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity, because SDMs rely on the assumption that species respond homogeneously to climate change across their range, i.e. a species is equally adapted throughout its range, and all species are equally plastic. These assumptions could cause SDMs to exaggerate or underestimate species at risk under future climate change. Location The Iberian Peninsula. Methods Species distributions are predicted by integrating experimental data and modelling techniques. We incorporate plasticity and local adaptation into a SDM by calibrating models of tree survivorship with adaptive traits in provenance trials. Phenotypic plasticity was incorporated by calibrating our model with a climatic index that provides a measure of the differences between sites and provenances. Results We present a new modelling approach that is easy to implement and makes use of existing tree provenance trials to predict species distribution models under global warming. Our results indicate that the incorporation of intra-population genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity in SDMs significantly altered their outcome. In comparing species range predictions, the decrease in area occupancy under global warming conditions is smaller when considering our survival–adaptation model than that predicted by a ‘classical SDM’ calibrated with presence–absence data. These differences in survivorship are due to both local adaptation and plasticity. Differences due to the use of experimental data in the model calibration are also expressed in our results: we incorporate a null model that uses survival data from all provenances together. This model always predicts less reduction in area occupancy for both species than the SDM calibrated with presence–absence. Main conclusions We reaffirm the importance of considering adaptive traits when predicting species distributions and avoiding the use of occurrence data as a predictive variable. In light of these recommendations, we advise that existing predictions of future species distributions and their component populations must be reconsidered.
Evaluation of Marshall stiffness , indirect tensile stress and resilient modulus in asphalt mixes with reclaimed asphalt pavement and copper slag

Asphalt mixes with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) offer many advantages when reusing this material. But without the adequate treatment, these mixtures present durability problems due to the material’s loss of properties over time. The use of copper slag can reduce these problems through its physical-chemical properties, such as highly angular characteristics, lime content in its composition and low silica content, while contributing with friction and strong adhesive characteristics. On the other hand, the amount of copper slag stockpiles and their associated lixiviation are also reduced. This work presents the results obtained in asphalt mixes with RAP percentages from 0 to 40%, combined with copper slag percentages ranging from 0 to 35%. Sixteen (16) combinations of materials were used to prepare Marshall specimens in order to carry out stability and flow tests, indirect tensile strength tests and resilient modulus by diametral compression. The use of copper slag improves the performance of asphalt mixes with RAP. With 15% copper slag amounts by mass, the stability and flow values are stabilized, thereby improving the Marshall stiffness index. The values for indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus with RAP percentages over 20% are also improved, especially in mixtures with high RAP percentage (40%). These results favor the use of RAP in applications that require more demanding parameters.
Insider Attack-Resistant OTP (One-Time Password) Based on Bilinear Maps

 Abstract—For various services, OTP (One-Time Password) is increasingly employed to sign in services. The most popular OTP scheme is S/KEY. However, S/KEY scheme is vulnerable to hash collision. In order to solve this problem, Choi and Kim proposed an OTP scheme based on pairing operation. This scheme overcame hash collision problem. Unfortunately, the scheme is vulnerable against insider attack. In this paper, we propose insider attack-resistant OTP scheme based on pairing operation. Our scheme employed zero-knowledge proof to generate OTP values. In short, our scheme sends an OTP and two random numbers encoded with XOR; any adversary has no sense about the random numbers. Our scheme authenticates entities with an OTP and gain a hint on next OTP value from one of random numbers. Consequently, we present insider attack-resistant OTP scheme by eliminating shared parameter among insider (e.g. time stamp).
Hypersensitive site 4 of the human β globin locus control region

The Locus Control Region (LCR) of the human beta globin gene domain is defined by four erythroid-specific DNasel hypersensitive sites (HSS) located upstream of this multigene cluster. The LCR confers copy number dependent high levels of erythroid specific expression to a linked transgene, independent of the site of integration. To assess the role of the individual hypersensitive sites of the LCR, we have localized HSS4 to a 280bp fragment that is functional both in murine erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells and in transgenic mice. This fragment coincides with the major area of hypersensitivity 'in vivo' and contains a number of DNasel footprints. Bandshift analysis shows that these footprints correspond to binding sites for the erythroid specific proteins GATA1 and NF-E2 and a number of ubiquitous proteins, including jun/fos, Sp1 and TEF2.
PROTOPLANETARY DISK MASSES FROM STARS TO BROWN DWARFS

We present SCUBA-2 850 μm observations of seven very low mass stars (VLMS) and brown dwarfs (BDs). Three are in Taurus and four in the TW Hydrae Association (TWA), and all are classical T Tauri (cTT) analogs. We detect two of the three Taurus disks (one only marginally), but none of the TWA ones. For standard grains in cTT disks, our 3σ limits correspond to a dust mass of 1.2 M⊕ in Taurus and a mere 0.2 M⊕ in the TWA (3–10× deeper than previous work). We combine our data with other submillimeter/millimeter (sub-mm/mm) surveys of Taurus, ρ Oph, and the TWA to investigate the trends in disk mass and grain growth during the cTT phase. Assuming a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100:1 and fiducial surface density and temperature profiles guided by current data, we find the following. (1) The minimum disk outer radius required to explain the upper envelope of sub-mm/mm fluxes is ∼100 AU for intermediate-mass stars, solar types, and VLMS, and ∼20 AU for BDs. (2) While the upper envelope of apparent disk masses increases with M* from BDs to VLMS to solar-type stars, no such increase is observed from solar-type to intermediate-mass stars. We propose this is due to enhanced photoevaporation around intermediate stellar masses. (3) Many of the disks around Taurus and ρ Oph intermediate-mass and solar-type stars evince an opacity index of β ∼ 0–1, indicating significant grain growth. Of the only four VLMS/BDs in these regions with multi-wavelength measurements, three are consistent with considerable grain growth, though optically thick disks are not ruled out. (4) For the TWA VLMS (TWA 30A and B), combining our 850 μm fluxes with the known accretion rates and ages suggests substantial grain growth by 10 Myr, comparable to that in the previously studied TWA cTTs Hen 3-600A and TW Hya. The degree of grain growth in the TWA BDs (2M1207A and SSPM1102) remains largely unknown. (5) A Bayesian analysis shows that the apparent disk-to-stellar mass ratio has a roughly constant mean of log10[Mdisk/M*] ≈ −2.4 all the way from intermediate-mass stars to VLMS/BDs, supporting previous qualitative suggestions that the ratio is ∼1% throughout the stellar/BD domain. (6) Similar analysis shows that the disk mass in close solar-type Taurus binaries (sep <100 AU) is significantly lower than in singles (by a factor of 10), while that in wide solar-type Taurus binaries (⩾100 AU) is closer to that in singles (lower by a factor of three). (7) We discuss the implications of these results for planet formation around VLMS/BDs, and for the observed dependence of accretion rate on stellar mass.
Netšajev Motor Insurance Clients Risk Level Evaluation using Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning

Motor insurance clients risk level evaluation using Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning Risk calculation is a fundamental part of the insurance industry. Previous research showed that the main problem of the currently used methods lies in ineffective use of available data. The main objective of this work is to evaluate usage of artificial neural networks for estimating accident probability of motor insurance clients. Along with a grid search of the hyperparameters for a best performing neural network a comparison of different data preprocessing techniques is presented. The results show that the use of artificial neural networks in the insurance industry is fully justified and should not be overlooked. This thesis is written in English and is 47 pages long, including 5 chapters, 16 figures and 7 tables.
Listed firm's level of stakeholder transparency - The comply or explain evidence from the Danish corporate governance code

This article analyzes how Danish listed firms comply with the Danish Corporate Governance Code’s recommendations regarding the categories: Role of shareholders, role of stakeholders and transparency. It is shown that the number of recommendations can be explained by six different underlying factors which account for the vast majority of the variation. The analysis reveals that the official classification of the three different sections in the Danish corporate governance must be abandoned. It is interesting to note that even though the “comply or explain” principle assumes that a meaningful explanation is equally good as compliance the analysis documents that the vast majority of the firms complies with the recommendations. The article introduces a new methodology to measure the degree of compliance within these specific areas. This categorization serves as input for a multivariate analysis that explores how the different recommendations covariate as well as can be placed into distinct discrete groups. The policy implication is that future code revisions should rely on a multivariate approach when seeking to classify and structure the different code sections regarding the firm’s stakeholders. Otherwise, there is a risk that board members may associate a large number of recommendations as mechanistic “tick the box” exercises, which does not add value.
A Kinetic Study on Adsorption of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by ZnO- ZnFe2O4-polypyrrole Magnetic Nanocomposite

In this work, magnetically separable ZnO-ZnFe2O4-PPy nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent was synthesized by two steps. At first, zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using simple and facile precipitation method. Then, ZnO-ZnFe2O4 mixed oxide was modified by polypyrrole (PPy). The adsorbent was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized nanocomposite were used as adsorbent to remove Congo red dye from aqueous solution and were compared with pure ZnO and ZnO-PPy adsorbents. The ZnO-ZnFe2O4-PPy nanocomposite adsorbent showed a superior Congo red removal efficiency than ZnO and ZnO-PPy adsorbents. This efficiency is attributed to the charge of surface obtained in nanocomposite adsorbent. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics of Congo red onto the nanocomposite followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Johannebergsrallyt Development of a realistic 3 D rally game using open-source tools and libraries

Independent developers seek success by developing near AAA-grade game using limited time and development resources. In this thesis, we explore some of the different aspects these developers face. In a small team, with a short time frame, we developed a networked rally game in 3D, focusing on real-time computer graphics. We investigate how in-house developed features and already available open-source software could be used in achieving this goal, aiming for real-time performance on the mid-end consumer hardware of today (2015). It became clear that, given the limited development resources, only a handful of the features and graphical effects an AAA-grade game features could be supported. The effects that were successfully implemented include car enamel reflections, skid marks, particle systems, bloom, motion blur, shadows and screen-space ambient occlusion (SSAO). Additionally, a basic platform for rally car physics and networked multi-player support was developed.
Chapter 7 Lemon Grass ( Cymbopogon citratus )

Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals (citral acetals) are synthesized from citral along with para-toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst, which are used in perfumery, flavor, for fortifying lemon oil and has strong antimicrobial qualities. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and gas chromatography (GC) were conducted for verification of chemical constitution present in essential oil and acetals of lemon grass. Nutritionally, lemon grass is a good source of vitamins A and C, folic acid, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, potassium, calcium and manganese. Lemon grass oil (citral) is hydrodistilled and IR and GC are conducted to verify its constituents.
Erasmus student mobility and the construction of European citizenship

The Erasmus student mobility programme allocates three explicit objectives to the experience of spending a few months studying in another European country: (1) to benefit students educationally, linguistically and culturally; (2) to promote co-operation between institutions and (3) to contribute to the development of a pool of well-qualified, open-minded and internationally experienced future professionals [European Commission. 1996. The Obstacles to Transnational Mobility. Green Paper. http://aei.pitt. edu/1226/1/education_mobility_obstacles_gp_COM_96_462. pdf (accessed April, 2015)]. The programme has also sometimes been referred to as one of the most powerful tools of European integration. However, little research has so far been undertaken on how it may alter students’ attitudes towards aspects of European identity and sense of European citizenship. Our study investigates the extent to which the Erasmus experience affects the sense of self as European citizens of a cohort of students from the University of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). It also explores the students’ position towards the notion of European citizenship and how this relates to the development of their plurilingual competence. Two questionnaires, one before and one after the study-abroad experience, provided quantitative data while qualitative data were obtained through the analysis of discussion groups focusing on aspects of European vs. national identity and citizenship.
On some alleged differences between the Atlantic French and English Creoles

L'A. analyse quelques pretendues differences entre les creoles francais et anglais de l'Atlantique, celles-ci etant pour lui sujettes a interrogations. Sur la base de donnees tirees de creoles francais, que ce soit de stades langagiers plus precoces ou de varietes contemporaines, il examine deux particularites phonologiques (traitement des groupes consonantiques commencant par /s/- mais aussi traitement de groupes consonantiques commencant par une structure de type occlusive + liquide et fricative + liquide), et une particularite syntaxique avec l'usage de 'dire' en tant que completiviseur. Dans les 3 cas, l'A. ne constate pas de differences significatives entre creoles francais et anglais.
Dyadic Coping and Interpersonal Trust in Student-Teacher Interactions.

A longitudinal study was undertaken to determine whether interpersonal competence of teachers and students was related to coping strategies of students during an oral examination. The main research question was to find out whether expected supportive dyadic coping, the wish to delegate coping and interpersonal trust, assessed 8 weeks before an oral exam, could serve as a possible predictor of coping strategies during the exam. Students (N=67) from a department of education and ranging in age from 21 to 38 completed the survey. Significant positive correlation existed between interpersonal trust and coping strategies. Expectations that the examiner can be trusted was positively associated with coping strategies showing consideration and negatively correlated with antisocial-aggressive coping. The results support the hypothesis that examinees' trust in their examiner is positively correlated with seeking social support during the oral exam. Interpersonal trust as a protective factor in an exam situation may lead to cooperation and prosocial coping strategies, but if risk of becoming vulnerable is too high, defensive or even aggressive coping behaviors emerge. The mobilization of supportive dyadic coping was a powerful predictor of seeking social support. Those who asked the examiner openly for support did rely on this coping strategy in real life situations. (JDM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Wave propagation in one dimensional confined granular media

Ordered granular media, such as a one dimensional aligned chain of spherical particles, have unique dynamic properties arising from the contact interaction of their individual grain constituents. A primary result of this contact, the formation of solitary waves in dynamically loaded one dimensional granular arrays, has been studied at great length. This thesis is the first to consider the effects of different types of lateral confinement on the dynamic response of such one dimensional granular chains. Chains of metallic beads are placed under lateral confinement in one of two ways: (a) by having a metal tube with a diameter mismatch shrink fit around the chain and (b) by being embedded in a geopolymer matrix. A geopolymer is a room temperature curable ceramic based on earth minerals. Since the homogeneous geopolymer response is not well characterized, initially in this work a potassium-based geopolymer developed at the Department of Materials Science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was examined to determine its dynamic properties. The dynamic response and nonlinear properties of the granular chains either laterally confined or embedded in a geopolymer were then investigated using a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure bar (SHPB). Although a dependence on granular chain length was seen, it was found that confinement does not significantly affect the primary pulse caused by the solitary wave as it passes through the chain, at least for chains exceeding 5-6 grains in length (the length necessary for the formation of a solitary wave in an unconfined chain). However, the “late-time” response, i.e. the force transmitted after the primary pulse, was seen to be strongly affected by the presence of confinement. This is explained by the alteration of the frictional characteristics on the lateral surfaces of the one dimensional bead array. In addition, curing conditions of the matrix were also seen to affect the chain response.