Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Paleontology in the Formation of Scientific World-View

Paleontology is the key for getting the knowledge about the history of our planet. Only fossils are the evidences of the origin and long evolution of life on the Earth. Nevertheless, many anti-evolutional theories reappear today as well as at the dawn of scientific cognition of the world. Mass media may be unwittingly promoting those ideas into the social consciousness. The views of catastrophic extinction of some fossil groups recently have become very popular again. In addition, apologists of the catastrophic explanations of extinction ignore many factors of intricate relationships into a biocenosis. The main factors that should be taking into consideration are a protracted period of extinction of any taxonomic group and a selectivity of extinction. Those data contradict the catastrophic ideas in the evolution theory. The main task of the paleontologists is to advocate more profound study of Earth history and the reality of life’s evolution on it. Most of the macroevolution’s consistent patterns were established after obtaining paleontological data. And now we can demonstrate them on many fossils groups. In this report, we discuss the evolutionary path of Paleozoic foraminifera.
Efficient solution of the electric and magnetic current combined‐field integral equation with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm and block‐diagonal preconditioning

We consider the efficient solution of electromagnetics problems involving dielectric and composite dielectric‐metallic structures, formulated with the electric and magnetic current combined‐field integral equation (JMCFIE). Dense matrix equations obtained from the discretization of JMCFIE with Rao‐Wilton‐Glisson functions are solved iteratively, where the matrix‐vector multiplications are performed efficiently with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm. JMCFIE usually provides well conditioned matrix equations that are easy to solve iteratively. However, iteration counts and the efficiency of solutions depend on the contrast, i.e., the relative variation of electromagnetic parameters across dielectric interfaces. Owing to the numerical imbalance of off‐diagonal matrix partitions, solutions of JMCFIE become difficult with increasing contrast. We present a four‐partition block‐diagonal preconditioner (4PBDP), which provides efficient solutions of JMCFIE by reducing the number of iterations significantly. 4PBDP is useful, especially when the contrast increases, and the standard block‐diagonal preconditioner fails to provide a rapid convergence.
Nodeless superconductivity and time-reversal symmetry breaking in the noncentrosymmetric superconductor Re 24 Ti 5

The noncentrosymmetric superconductor Re$_{24}$Ti$_{5}$, a time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking candidate with $T_c = 6$\,K, was studied by means of muon-spin rotation/relaxation ($\mu$SR) and tunnel-diode oscillator (TDO) techniques. At a macroscopic level, its bulk superconductivity was investigated via electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity measurements. The low-temperature penetration depth, superfluid density and electronic heat capacity all evidence an $s$-wave coupling with an enhanced superconducting gap. The spontaneous magnetic fields revealed by zero-field $\mu$SR below $T_c$ indicate a time-reversal symmetry breaking and thus the unconventional nature of superconductivity in Re$_{24}$Ti$_{5}$. The concomitant occurrence of TRS breaking also in the isostructural Re$_6$(Zr,Hf) compounds, hints at its common origin in this superconducting family and that an enhanced spin-orbital coupling does not affect pairing symmetry.
Molecular, phylogenic, mass-spectrometry and decay analyses of copper tolerant phialophora species causing soft rot of wood

Soft rot decay of treated wood in ground contact and loss of service life is an important economic issue worldwide. One of the most important and cosmopolitan fungal groups causing soft rot belong to the imperfect fungal anamorph genus Phialophora. An aim of this study was therefore to determine the molecular identity and phylogeny of several economically important Phialophora species isolated from copper-treated and untreated wood using PCR combined with sequencing. Strain compatibility and copper detoxification of Phialophora species/strains were also assessed in-vitro from both liquid and solid cultures. The identity of a number of so far unclassified Phialophora spp. A strains isolated from treated wood in-service were found as Phialocephala dimorphospora. The ability of strongly (P. malorum, P. mutabilis) and weakly (Chaetomium globosum) copper tolerant soft rot fungi to degrade CuSO4 and micronized-Cu (MC) treated wood (birch/pine) was assessed using a modified ENV 807 decay test with vermiculate and sterile soil. A direct relationship between Cu-tolerance in-vitro and soft rot decay of Cu-treated wood was not found. Rather, the additive effect of copper binding to the wood and the chemical nature of the wood material (lignin type/level) appeared more important with the less Cu-tolerant fungi causing similar/greater mass losses than Cu-tolerant strains. LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF MS/MS allowed characterization of total and extracellular (wall-bound) upregulated proteins produced by P. malorum while growing in Cu-supplemented growth medium. Despite P. malorum lacking a sequenced genome, it was possible using modern proteomics to characterize changes in global proteins and detect a number of unique as well as up-regulated and down-regulated proteins when grown in Cu-supplemented liquid media. Using MALDI-TOF MS/MS a number of cell wall/slime bound proteins were also shown up-regulated in response to growth in copper media and thereby likely involved in Cu-tolerance.
Primary reconstruction with implants in breast cancer: aspects of oncological safety and aesthetic outcome.

1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . 3 INTRODUCTION . 5 BACKGROUND . 7 BREAST CANCER . 7 Epidemiology. 7 Etiology . 7 Diagnosis. 7 Treatment. 8 Prognosis. 9 Local recurrence . 10 HISTORY OF BREAST CANCER SURGERY . 10 HISTORY OF RECONSTRUCTIVE BREAST SURGERY . 11 QUALITY OF LIFE. 14 AESTHETIC EVALUATION . 14 SPECIFIC AIMS OF THE THESIS . 17 PATIENTS AND METHODS . 18 Paper I. 19 Paper II. 20 Paper III . 20 Paper IV . 21 STATISTICAL METHODS . 21 RESULTS . 23 Paper I. 23 Paper II. 25 Paper III . 25 Paper IV . 27 DISCUSSION. 31 Paper I. 31 Paper II. 32 Paper III . 33 Paper IV . 34 CONCLUSIONS . 37 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES. 39 SWEDISH SUMMARY . 41 REFERENCES . 45 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 55
Epidemiology of Bovine Brucellosis-a review of lite rature

Brucellosis is mainly caused by Brucella abortus in bovines which results in great effect on econom y, reduced milk production, abortions in last trimester, long calving interval. In Pakistan incidence is increases day by day due to unawareness. Brucellosis is also a greater Zoonotic risk for human being, espec ially for veterinarians. It is diagnosed by differe nt tests e.g. Milk Ring Test (MRT), Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) and ELISA. Brucella is also considered a strong bioterrorist. Brucellosis is controlled by medicati on and vaccination. RB51 vaccine is used. Now a day’s DNA vaccines are used. Brucellosis eradication program is needed in Pakistan with the help of government, international organizations like OIE, FAO to prevent the spreading of the disease to neig hboring countries.
Learning from Experts: Inferring Road Popularity from GPS Trajectories

Recent years have witnessed a steep increase in the collection of movement data through GPS trajectories. Such data sets have great potential for providing insights into mobility demand and behaviour for city planners, or to improve routing services for the end user. We propose a method for inferring popularity from GPS trajectories. The inferred popularity is assigned to a road graph, and is suitable for routing with Dijkstra’s algorithm. The inference method can be calibrated with several parameters. In this paper we describe the inference method, demonstrate the influence of the available parameters on a data set of cycling trips in the city of Vienna, Austria, and compare popularity routes to routes optimized for other criteria.
Asymmetric hot-carrier thermalization and broadband photoresponse in graphene-2D semiconductor lateral heterojunctions

The broadband photothermoelectric effect has been studied on a graphene-2D semiconductor lateral heterojunction. The massless Dirac electron transport in graphene has led to a variety of unique light-matter interaction phenomena, which promise many novel optoelectronic applications. Most of the effects are only accessible by breaking the spatial symmetry, through introducing edges, p-n junctions, or heterogeneous interfaces. The recent development of direct synthesis of lateral heterostructures offers new opportunities to achieve the desired asymmetry. As a proof of concept, we study the photothermoelectric effect in an asymmetric lateral heterojunction between the Dirac semimetallic monolayer graphene and the parabolic semiconducting monolayer MoS2. Very different hot-carrier cooling mechanisms on the graphene and the MoS2 sides allow us to resolve the asymmetric thermalization pathways of photoinduced hot carriers spatially with electrostatic gate tunability. We also demonstrate the potential of graphene-2D semiconductor lateral heterojunctions as broadband infrared photodetectors. The proposed structure shows an extreme in-plane asymmetry and provides a new platform to study light-matter interactions in low-dimensional systems.
Reuse of identified neurons in multiple neural circuits

Abstract The growing recognition by cognitive neuroscientists that areas of vertebrate brains may be reused for multiple purposes either functionally during development or during evolution echoes a similar realization made by neuroscientists working on invertebrates. Because of these animals' relatively more accessible nervous systems, neuronal reuse can be examined at the level of individual identified neurons and fully characterized neural circuits.
Biocontrol and PGP potential of endophytic actinobacteria from selected ethnomedicinal plants in manipur, India

Actinomycetes are unparalleled sources of bioactive natural products.1 Among microbes producing bioactive secondary metabolites, actinomycetes are the most prolific.1–5 Hence, survey of novel habitats and biotopes are warranted for discovery of novel actinomycetes and new secondary metabolites. Medicinal plants are a promising resource for isolation and screening of novel bioactive actinobacteria.
The Effect of Political and Economic Institutions on the Value Relevance of Accounting Information: The Case of China

This paper is motivated by the value-relevance of accounting information literature and recent significant economic, accounting and institutional changes in the emerging Chinese stock markets. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we investigate whether accounting information based on Chinese accounting standards (CAS) or earnings based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is more useful and relevant to investors. Secondly, we examine whether or not the combined value-relevance of earnings and book values has increased over time in the Chinese stock market. Our findings suggest that accounting earnings based on both CAS and IFRS were significant for explaining A- and B-share stock prices, respectively. The results of yearly regression analyses generally show that the combined value-relevance of CAS and IFRS earnings and book values for A-shares and B shares was significant. However, the results indicate that total explanatory power for A-shares has increased, whereas it has decreased for B-shares over time. Our study makes several contributions to the literature. Firstly, our study extends the literature by examining comparative valuerelevance between PRC GAAP and IAS in the A- and B-share markets using data from 2001 to 2003. Few studies, if any, examine the valuerelevance of accounting information in the Chinese stock market after 2000. Secondly, we fill the gap by investigating whether the combined value-relevance of CAS and IFRS accounting information increased over time in the Chinese stock markets after the accounting reforms.
Social and political practices of the NGOs in Angola: methodology and power relations: the case of the NGOs ADRA and Global Vision

This paper aims to analyze social and political practices of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) operating in Angola. Through the contribution of different authors and using the proceduralist analysis as a theoretical perspective, it seeks to answer four questions about these practices, namely: what are the NGOs political and social practices in Angola? How do relations of power take place in areas of intervention? How are the issues related to the public participation perceived? And what has been the contribution of social sciences to the rural dynamics of the country? After, it is expected to conclude, to a greater or lesser extent, that the interests of mediators in the rural development processes often seem to outweigh the real challenges of development; and the domination of the “other” seems to be at the heart of many processes of legitimation.
Estrous Cycle Response in Mice (Mus musculus) with CSE (Crude Sperm Extract) Injected Intraperitoneally

Sperm protein has an important role in fertilization process. It becomes antigenic when it is injected to body and can increase TNF- α secretion. TNF-α in blood vesssel can inhibit estradiol synthesis. Estradiol has a significant role in repduction cycle, especially in estrous cycle. The study aims to understand the influence of Crude Sperm Extract (CSE) to mice ( Mus musculus ) estrous cycle. 16 fertile mices strain Balb-C aged 3-4 months, weighed 20-30 g was divided into 4 groups. P 0 is a control group injected by PBS, group P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 injected by CSE with 1.5 mg.ml -1 , 2 mg.ml -1 , and 2.5 mg.ml -1 . CSE is injected intraperitoneally during mice’s diestrus phase. CSE is injected in day 0, day 12, day 24 and observed daily. The data are descriptively analyzed. The results show that CSE with molecule weight between 26.8-176.8 kDa influences estrous cycle. Keywords: Crude Sperm Extract, estrous cycle, folliculogenesis, Mus musculus
Human resources staffing process and its impact on job involvement: Irbid District Electricity Company as a case study

The study aimed to identify the level of practicing the human resources staffing process and the level of the employees’ job involvement in the Irbid District Electricity Company in Jordan; it also aimed to examine the impact of human resources staffing process on the employees’ job involvement. The study adopted the descriptive, analytical method, since it determines the characteristics of the phenomenon, describes its nature accurately and then determines the quality of the relationship between its variables. The study population included all the individuals in the senior and middle administrative levels by 100 individuals. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers prepared a questionnaire to examine the study variables. One hundred questionnaires were distributed to each manager, deputy manager, and department head in the Irbid District Electricity Company out of which the researchers retrieved 97 questionnaires valid for analysis. In order to analyze the data collected, the study relies on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where the descriptive statistics for all the fields of the study were estimated. The correlation matrix was also used to determine the relationship between variables. Furthermore, multiple regressions were used to determine the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The findings showed that the level of practicing the human resources staffing process and the employees’ job involvement at Irbid District Electricity Company (IDECO) was moderate. The findings of the study showed that the process of human resources staffing was positively associated with the job involvement where the Pearson coefficient was r= . 851 and at level of significance of 0.00. The research data have also indicated that the human resources staffing process had a positive impact on the employees’ job involvement. The study recommended that the procedures of staffing in all organizations should focus on achieving the fit between the employee and his job through focusing on choosing employees whose knowledge, skills and abilities correspond to the requirements of vacant jobs and also through implementing different tests and selection interviews, which help choose the person whose traits fit the job requirements. The study has also indicated that the recommended organizations should also pay attention to the job design process where the focus is on designing jobs in a way that creates a challenge, and enables employees feel independence and joy during the job; in this method, the employee can be more involved and can work in an effective way.
Predictions in Quantile Regressions

Two different tools to evaluate quantile regression forecasts are proposed: MAD, to summarize forecast errors, and a fluctuation test to evaluate in-sample predictions. The scores of the PISA test to evaluate students’ proficiency are considered. Growth analysis relates school attainment to economic growth. The analysis is complemented by investigating the estimated regression and predictions not only at the centre but also in the tails. For out-of-sample forecasts, the estimates in one wave are employed to forecast the following waves. The reliability of in-sample forecasts is controlled by excluding the part of the sample selected by a specific rule: boys to predict girls, public schools to forecast private ones, vocational schools to predict non-vocational, etc. The gradient computed in the subset is compared to its analogue computed in the full sample in order to verify the validity of the estimated equation and thus of the in-sample predictions.
Suitability of ANN and GP for Predicting Soak Pit Tank Efficiency under Limited Data Conditions

Under Industry 4.0 scenario, smart sensors can be suitably integrated with control systems to monitor the treatment of wastewater systems. Such control systems need a sound modelling or forecasting tool for the real time monitoring. This work reports a pilot study to model the treatment efficiency of soak pit tanks for the treatment of grey water using Genetic Programming (GP) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Only the inlet total suspended solid is considered for modelling. The Root Mean Square of Errors for GP and ANN run models were found to be 1.8 and 12.5 respectively for Tank 1. The results indicate that GP is a more promising tool than ANN particularly when modelling under limited data conditions. The difference in performance of both the methods seem to depend on the type learning mode adopted in each case.
Challenging control: inclusive teachers’ and teaching assistants’ discourse on students with challenging behaviour

Describing students with disabilities as presenting ‘challenging behaviour’ is common in US schools. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the discourse utilised by teachers in order to understand their beliefs and practices surrounding young students considered to present challenging behaviour. This study examines teachers’ language in four ways: which discourses they draw from, the consequences of engaging in the discourse on practice, what maintains the use of such discourse and finally the possibilities for change. The critical discourse analysis unpacked that teachers begin labelling the students as challenging, not the behaviour. Consequences of this thinking emerged as teachers excluded the students, or what they consider ‘the problems’ from the classroom. Exclusion was found to be the ‘necessary’ response when control is prioritised in the classroom. In sum, the discourse of control is available for shaping how teachers understand and support students. Developing a relationship with students empowers teachers to see past the labels, the control discourse, and truly support students in inclusive classrooms. Finally, implications for practice are shared to improve the experience of inclusive education for both student and teacher.
Microscopic Anatomy of the Tentacles of Thysanocardia nigra Ikeda, 1904 (Sipuncula) from the Sea of Japan

Fine morphology of the tentacular apparatus of the sipunculan Thysanocardia nigra Ikeda, 1904 was conducted as a part of a larger study of microscopic anatomy in the species. The tentacular apparatus is composed of two rings of tentacles, the dorsal and oral crowns. The dorsal, or nuchal, crown consists of an arc of nuchal tentacles dorsally enclosing the heart -shaped nuchal organ. The oral disk carries numerous peripheral tentacles arranged in oral crown surrounding the mouth. Peripheral tentacles are arranged in paired rows, additional tentacles being developed posteriorly so as to form a radial series of U -shaped festoons. The parallel festoons extend down the oral disk and run alongside the spherical head. New pairs of festoons appear at the base of the nuchal crown. The tentacles are heart-shaped in cross section, the oral surface being widest. The nuchal tentacles face the oral disk by the oral surface while the peripheral, or oral, tentacles are twisted at the base at nearly right angles, so to face a ciliary groove of the corresponding festoon. The central groove of festoon is composed of a median ridge bordered by longitudinal lateral ridges with long cilia. The oral surface of tentacles is constructed of a multiciliated, pseudostratified, columna! epithelium with some intraepidermal mucous cells. There are three longitudinal tentacular canals lined by peritoneum. Hemerythrocytes flow through the lumen of the canals. Tentacles and grooves of festoons form a filtering system upon which food particles can be trapped. The filtering apparatus of Thysanocardia shows remarkable similarities with a filtering system of sabellid polychaetes.
Residents’ Perceptions towards Sustainable Tourism Development: The Case of Alanya

Sustainable development approach is of utmost importance for the future existence of tourism destinations. Therefore, enabling tourism development based on sustainability principles economically, socially and environmentally is considered to be a necessity. All stakeholders of the tourism sector have important roles in this development process. Especially, the inclusion of residents to this process and their involvement in decision-making mechanisms represent a focal point in sustainable tourism development. Any tourism development that does not take into consideration the needs and expectations of residents does not have much chance for success. There have been many studies made about residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards tourism and tourism development in tourism literature. However, only a few studies use sustainable development perspective in order to determine residents’ perceptions towards tourism development. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the residents’ perceptions towards sustainable tourism development in Alanya, an important tourism destination of Turkey and Mediterranean region. Data gathered from 134 residents in Alanya were analyzed using factor and correlation analysis, t-tests and ANOVA. Results presented a four-factor perceived sustainable tourism development measurement scale: environmental sustainability; perceived social costs; maximizing community participation; and perceived economic benefits. Findings have shown that there is a significant correlation between perceived economic benefits and two of the other three factors, which are environmental sustainability and maximizing community participation. Another main finding of the study is that residents are not fully aware of nor have much knowledge about the concept of sustainability and its principles, yet they still have shown positive attitude towards its principles. Keywords: Alanya, Residents, Residents’ Perceptions, Sustainability, Sustainable Tourism Development, Sustainable Development, Tourism.