Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de suplementação de vitamina E

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens in the initial and growth phase, from one to 21 and 21 to 39 days of age, respectively. Five increasing levels of DL-α tocopherol supplementation (10, 30, 50, 75 and 100mg to each kg of diet) were added to the diet. In the initial phase (experiment I), the lowest vitamin E level was superior by presenting significant effect (P≤0.05) on body weight at 21 days of age and weight gain from one to 21 days old. In the growth phase (experiment II), there was no significant effect (P>0.05) of vitamin E supplementation on the variables studied. The minimum level of vitamin E supplementation tested is sufficient to attend the requirements of male broiler chickens.
Early rooting of dormant hardwood cuttings of Populus: analysis of quantitative genetics and genotype x environment interactions

Rooting of hardwood c~~ttings is under strong genetic control: altliough genotype x environment interactions affect selection of promising genotypes. Our objectives were (I ) to assess the variation in rooting ability amonp 21 Popull~s clorles and (2) to examine genotype x environment ititeractions tc. , refine clorial recommendations. 'I't~e clones belonged to five genomlc gtr>ups ((130plclus trichocnpa Ton: & 54% of environtnental variation. Cllonal rooting was stable. except at West~x>rt. Minnesota, during 2002, \vhe~i root growth was relatively poor. ResurnC : L'enracinement des boutures cl'essences feuillues est une caractknstiyue txks hkritable, bien que les interac- tic3ns pktlotype x environnement puissent affecter la s2lection des p&not>ps prometteurs. Les objectiis de cette ktude ktaient (I) d'kvaluer la varlabilite de l'aptitude l'enracine~nent par~ni 21 clones de P(,yrilus et (2) d'evaluer les inte- ractions gknotype x environnement afiti de preciser les recommandations de sklection clonale. Les clones pir? venaient de cinq pmupes genomiques distincts ((iF)c)prclus trichot7arpa Rxr. & A. Gray x Populzcs deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. ) x I? deltoides 'BC7. l? deltoidt~. ~ 'D'. I? iiettoides x A>prdus ma,\intowiczii A. Henry 'DM', I? deltoides x Populus nigm L. 'I)W'. I. '. nigra x P. mu.vin~ott:ic~ii 'NM7). Les boutures cle 20 em de long otlt etk plantkes err Iowa et au Min- nesota. aux fitats-llals, selon un dispositif en blocs alkatoires complets avec un espacetnent de 1,2 m x 2,3 m et B trois dates de plantation en 2001 et 2002. L.es auteurs ont mesur2 neuf caractkres sur les parties akriennes et souterraines de boutures r&coltkes apres 14 jours de croissance. Le pourcentage d'enracirie~nent variait de 22 % B 86 5%. L'h2ntabilit6 au sens large pour le poids sec des racines ou cle la partie akrienne variait respectivement cle 0'09 h 0.11 et de 0,31 B 0.38. Iles ~nteractions gknotylx x environnement ont kt6 retnarqukes pour la plupart des caractkres, alors que le nomhre de degrks-jouis de croissance dans le sol expliquait >53 % de la van ation d'origine environnementale. I,' enracine~nent des clones ktait stable except6 5 Westport au Minnesota en 2002. nir la cir>issance racinaire est apparue relativetnent modeste. ('kad~tit par la KPdaction)
TRANSLATION AND LINGUISTICS

This article will consider the kinds of relationship that may obtain between linguistics and Translation Studies and what it may mean to take a ‘linguistic approach’ to Translation Studies. A number of possible relationships are introduced, and examples of scholarly exploration of each kind of relationship are presented. Subsequently, there is a discussion of the work of scholars who have considered linguistics and Translation Studies to be independent disciplines. This discussion shows that whereas translation scholars tend to import theoretical concepts from linguistics along with data from that discipline, it is rare for linguistics to import theoretical notions from Translation Studies. I argue for the efficacy of the latter practice.
Plant Genotyping II: SNP Technology

1. SNP Discovery in Plants, K J Edwards, R L Poole and G L Barker, all University of Bristol, UK 2. SNPs and Their Use in Maize, A Rafalski and S Tingey, both DuPont Crop Genetics Research, USA 3. Rare SNP Discovery with Endonucleases, M J Cross, Southern Cross University, Australia 4. Sequence Polymorphisms in the Flanking Regions of Microsatellite Markers, G Ablett and R Henry, both Southern Cross University, Australia 5. SNP Discovery by Ecotilling Using Capillary Electrophoresis, F Eliott, G Cordeiro, P C Bundock and R J Henry, both Southern Cross University, Australia 6. Genotyping by Allele Specific PCR, D L E Waters, P C Bundock and R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia 7. The MassARRAY[registered] System for Plant Genetics, D Irwin, Sequenom, Australia 8. Mutation Screening, L Izquierdo, Griffith University, Australia. 9. Nanotechnology: The Future of Cost-Effective Plant Genotyping, J A Pattemore, Southern Cross University, Australia M Trau, University of Queensland, Australia and R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia 10. Functionally-Associated Molecular Genetic Markers for Temperate Pasture Plant Improvement, J W Forster, N O I Cogan, M P Dobrowolski, G C Spangenberg, K F Smith, all Primary Industries Research, Australia M G Francki, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 11. Genotyping for Rice Eating Qualities, L M T Bradbury, D L E Waters and R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia 12. Towards Universal Loci for Plant Genotyping, T Pacey Miller, Southern Cross University, Australia 13. DNA Banks as a Resource for SNP Genotyping, N Rice, S Kasem and R Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia 14. DNA Extraction from Plant Tissue, S Kasem, N Rice and R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia 15. Future Prospects for Plant Genotyping, R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia.
Editorial

In this special edition of the journal the focus is on care and education in these times of an emphasis on this area nationally. There are a number of initiatives converging on the care and education of young people. We have a new focus on personal and social education in Curriculum 2000 (DfEE/QCA, 1999); the Healthy Schools Initiative (DfEE, 1999); the new Connexions service (DfEE, 2000); pastoral support plans and initiatives aimed at social and school exclusion, which include debates about attendance and disengagement. This seems a time to pause and look at what the debates are, what the conceptions are of care and how these relate to conceptions of what education is about.
Deep coral and associated species taxonomy and ecology: (DeepCAST) II Expedition Report, Roatan, Honduras, May 21-28, 2011

NOAA has a mandate to explore and understand deep-sea coral ecology under Magnuson-Stevens Sustainable Fisheries Conservation Act Reauthorization of 2009. Deep-sea corals are increasingly considered a proxy for marine biodiversity in the deep-sea because corals create complex structure, and this structure forms important habitat for associated species of shrimp, crabs, sea stars, brittle stars, and fishes. Yet, our understanding of the nature of the relationships between deep-corals and their associated species is incomplete. One of the primary challenges of conducting any type of deep-sea coral (DSC) research is access to the deep-sea. The deep-sea is a remote environment that often requires long surface transits and sophisticated research vehicles like submersibles and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). The research vehicles often require substantial crew, and the vehicles are typically launched from large research vessels costing many thousands of dollars a day. To overcome the problem of access to the deep-sea, the Deep Coral and Associated Species Taxonomy and Ecology (DeepCAST) Expeditions are pioneering the use of shore-based submersibles equipped to do scientific research. Shore-based subs alleviate the need for expensive ships because they launch and return under their own power. One disadvantage to the approach is that shore-based subs are restricted to nearby sites. The disadvantage is outweighed, however, by the benefit of repeated observations, and the opportunity to reduce the costs of exploration while expanding knowledge of deep-sea coral ecology.
Meta-Analysis

The use of statistical methods to combine the results of independent empirical research studies (meta-analysis) has a long history. Meta-analytic work can be divided into two traditions: tests of the statistical significance of combined results and methods for combining estimates across studies. The principal classes of combined significance tests are reviewed, and the limitations of these tests are discussed. Fixed effects approaches treat the effect magnitude parameters to be estimated as a consequence of a model involving fixed but unknown constants. Random effects approaches treat effect magnitude parameters as if they were sampled from a universe of effects and attempt to estimate the mean and variance of the hyperpopulation of effects. Mixed models incorporate both fixed and random effects. Finally, areas of current research are summarized, including methods for handling missing data, models for publication selection, models to handle studies that are not independent, and distribution-free models for random effects.
Conditional Mating Strategy in a Long-Lived Vertebrate: Ontogenetic Shifts in the Mating Tactics of Male Slider Turtles (Trachemys scripta)

Abstract Intrasexual variation in courtship behavior is common but the potential for such variation within turtles has not been considered. Forty-seven behavioral trials with wild-captured slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) were conducted throughout the local season of activity for this species (April–October). The frequency of occurrence, seasonality, and directionality of courtship behaviors (i.e., biting, chasing, and titillation) performed by melanistic and nonmelanistic males were examined. I tested the hypotheses that the expression of these behaviors during the mating season (late August to mid-October) would differ between melanistic and nonmelanistic male T. scripta and that melanistic and nonmelanistic males would differ with respect to their precopulatory display rates. Biting, chasing, and titillation directed toward females by melanistic and nonmelanistic male T. scripta during the mating season were significantly different. Courtship behaviors (i.e., precopulatory displays) were not always performed prior to copulation attempts and melanistic males performed courtship behaviors prior to such attempts more frequently than did nonmelanistic males. These differences may represent a conditional strategy involving size-dependent alternative mating tactics with larger melanistic males adopting tactics that involve a greater precopulatory display rate coupled with biting and chasing behaviors. The smaller nonmelanistic males adopt tactics that involve titillation behaviors and a lower precopulatory display rate.
BioMedical Engineering OnLine

Background: Dengue is a disease which is now endemic in more than 100 countries of Africa, America, Asia and the Western Pacific. It is transmitted to the man by mosquitoes (Aedes) and exists in two forms: Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. The disease can be contracted by one of the four different viruses. Moreover, immunity is acquired only to the serotype contracted and a contact with a second serotype becomes more dangerous. Methods: The present paper deals with a succession of two epidemics caused by two different viruses. The dynamics of the disease is studied by a compartmental model involving ordinary differential equations for the human and the mosquito populations. Results: Stability of the equilibrium points is given and a simulation is carried out with different values of the parameters. The epidemic dynamics is discussed and illustration is given by figures for different values of the parameters. Conclusion: The proposed model allows for better understanding of the disease dynamics. Environment and vaccination strategies are discussed especially in the case of the succession of two epidemics with two different viruses.
The determinants of outward foreign direct investment: a firm‐level analysis of Indian manufacturing

This paper analyses the determinants of the overseas direct investment activity of Indian manufacturing enterprises. In general, several firm‐specific characteristics such as age, size, R&D intensity, skill intensity and export orientation are observed to be important explanatory factors in the outward foreign direct investment (O‐FDI) activity of Indian firms. The impact of age and size on O‐FDI has been observed to be non‐linear. The product differentiation activities and the productivity of firms are other useful factors in overseas production expansion in certain industries. The study reveals that the performance of these firm‐specific variables is subject to sectoral dynamics. Internationalization of production activities of Indian firms has been observed to be partly fuelled by policy liberalization during the 1990s.
A FINITE VOLUME ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER FOR ACCELERATING RADIAL FLOWS

This article describes a  nite volume analysis for the three-dimensional numerical prediction of the thermo uid behavior of accelerating turbulent radial  ows. The method employs nonorthogonal control volumes with a  ux split method to assist the discretization of the general transport equations. A  ux blended deferred correction interpolation scheme is employed together with the Rhie and Chow pressure correction equation and interfacial velocity interpolation scheme. The standard k–e turbulence model is applied and modi ed to include roughness effects on boundaries. The SIMPLE solution algorithm is applied and the semi-implicit procedure (SIP) of Stone is employed to solve the transported variable solution matrices. The numerical code presented is used to predict the friction factors and local heat transfer characteristics for thermally and hydrodynamically developing radial  ows such as found within a solar chimney collector. The results are veri ed and show good agreement with analytical predictions and expected  ow characteristics.
Effects of feeding different levels of flaxseed on performance traits and blood parameters in broiler.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of flaxseed supplementation in the diet of broiler chicks on some production parameters and hematological parameters. A total of 150 (one day old) Ross chicks were randomly divided into three equal groups, control group (Group 1) was fed on basal diet without flaxseed supplementation, treatment group (Group 2) was fed diet supplemented flaxseed in the level of 5% and (Group 3) was fed diet supplemented with flaxseed in the level of 10% for 42 days. The results revealed significant (p<0.05) increase of weekly body weight and improvement of feed conversion ratio of treatment groups compared with control group and significant (p<0.05) increased of RBC count, WBC count and PCV %. While there were no- significant differences in Hb concentration between control and treatment groups.
Recent strandings of rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) on the Oregon and Washington coasts

Repeated attempts to return the animals to the ocean were not successful. One dolphin, a 219-cm female, died approximately 36 h after stranding and the other, a 209-cm male, was euthanized shortly thereafter. The third dolphin, a 192-cm male, was recovered dead on 4 October 1992 on Washington Long Beach peninsula approximately 2 km north of Ocean Park, Pacific County (46 124 Previous records of rough-toothed dolphin sightings or strandings in the coastal waters of the northeastern Pacific are rare. Orr (195 1) reported a single weathered skull from Marin County, California and Balcomb (1980) noted a stranded female on the outer coast of Washington in 1980. Rough-toothed dolphins are considered a warm-water pelagic inhabitant, occurring in low densities throughout the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean where surface water temperatures are generally above 25°C (Perrin and Walker 1975, Leatherwood et al. 1982). Sea surface temperatures off southern Oregon were 8-9% in January 199 1, and 11-12°C off Washington in October 1992 (Anonymous 1991, 1992). Necropsies were performed on all three animals; gross examination of internal organs, muscles, nasal passageways, and middle ear cavities revealed no irregularities in the Oregon animals. The Washington animal ’ s
Shared emotions

Existing scientific concepts of group or shared or collective emotion fail to appreciate several elements of collectivity in such emotions. Moreover, the idea of shared emotions is threatened by the individualism of emotions that comes in three forms: ontological, epistemological, and physical. The problem is whether or not we can provide a plausible account of “straightforwardly shared” emotions without compromising our intuitions about the individualism of emotions. I discuss two philosophical accounts of shared emotions that explain the collectivity of emotions in terms of their intentional structure: Margaret Gilbert's plural subject account, and Hans Bernhard Schmid's phenomenological account. I argue that Gilbert's view fails because it relegates affective experience into a contingent role in emotions and because a joint commitment to feel amounts to the creation of a feeling rule rather than to an emotion. The problems with Schmid's view are twofold: first, a phenomenological fusion of feelings is not necessary for shared emotions and second, Schmid is not sensitive enough to different forms of shared concerns. I then outline my own typology that distinguishes between weakly, moderately, and strongly shared emotions on the basis of the participants’ shared concerns of different degree of collectivity, on the one hand, and the synchronization of their emotional responses, on the other hand. All kind of shared emotions in my typology are consistent with the individualism of emotions, while the question about “straightforward sharing” is argued to be of secondary importance.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVII. Complement Peptide C5a, C4a, and C3a Receptors

The activation of the complement cascade, a cornerstone of the innate immune response, produces a number of small (74–77 amino acid) fragments, originally termed anaphylatoxins, that are potent chemoattractants and secretagogues that act on a wide variety of cell types. These fragments, C5a, C4a, and C3a, participate at all levels of the immune response and are also involved in other processes such as neural development and organ regeneration. Their primary function, however, is in inflammation, so they are important targets for the development of anti-inflammatory therapies. Only three receptors for complement peptides have been found, but there are no satisfactory antagonists as yet, despite intensive investigation. In humans, there is a single receptor for C3a (C3a receptor), no known receptor for C4a, and two receptors for C5a (C5a1 receptor and C5a2 receptor). The most recently characterized receptor, the C5a2 receptor (previously known as C5L2 or GPR77), has been regarded as a passive binding protein, but signaling activities are now ascribed to it, so we propose that it be formally identified as a receptor and be given a name to reflect this. Here, we describe the complex biology of the complement peptides, introduce a new suggested nomenclature, and review our current knowledge of receptor pharmacology.
The Stock Concept from the Viewpoint of Population Genetics

Results are presented of a comparative study of the spatial and temporal structure of fish species from the standpoint of biochemical population genetics. Local fish stocks within historically established natural boundaries are considered as genetically stable population systems, in contrast to the elementary populations, which are variable structural components of such systems. The general principle in maintaining a rational fish industry is formulated on the basis of an approach to the population system as a whole, to distribute the appropriate efforts among all components of its structure.Key words: biochemical population genetics, stock concept of fish, optimal fishing industry
Is all red rice found in commercial rice really Oryza sativa?

Abstract All red rice found in commercial rice in the United States has traditionally been classified as Oryza sativa ssp. indica. This assumption was tested by analyzing red rice samples collected from across the southern United States rice belt with 18 simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers distributed across all 12 chromosomes. The results clearly demonstrate that the traditional classification of red rice is inadequate. Some red rice is closely related to O. sativa ssp. indica cultivated rice. However, other red rice is more closely related to O. sativa ssp. japonica. Most importantly, some red rice samples collected from Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas form a distinct group that includes a number of Oryza nivara and Oryza rufipogon accessions from the National Small Grains Center. In particular, red rice samples from three states were identified that for all 18 markers are identical to the O. rufipogon accession IRGC 105491. These different classes of red rice are intermingled across the southern U.S. rice belt and within individual production fields. Oryza sativa ssp. indica-like red rice and O. rufipogon-like red rice have been found within a single 9-m2 collection site. While the classification of red rice as O. sativa ssp. indica, O. sativa ssp. japonica, or O. rufipogon using DNA markers is generally in agreement with classification based on simple morphological traits, readily observed morphological traits alone are not sufficient to reliably classify red rice. Because red rice is much more diverse than previously assumed, this diversity must be considered when developing red rice management strategies. Nomenclature: Glufosinate; Oryza nivara L. ; Oryza rufipogon L. ; Oryza sativa L. ORYSA, red rice; Oryza sativa L. , rice.
On Some Parasitic Nematodes Collected in China

The following notes deal with nine species of parasitic nematodes from the Yangtze Valley and an additional one from North China. Of these ten species, one belongs to the super-family Rhabdiasoidea, three to Oxyuroidea, and six to Spiruroidea; three species have been previously described; therefore in these cases the writer gives only their measurements and a description of the particulars in which he found them to differ from the original description. Seven species Rhabdias annulosa n.sp. , Pingus sinensis n.g. et n.sp. (Pingidae n.f.), Omeia hoepplii n.g. et n.sp. , Thelazia chungkingensis n.sp. , Oxyspirura kaitingensis n.sp. , Oxyspirura peipingensis n.sp. , Oxyspirura tsingchengensis n.sp. , are new to science.
Growth characteristics of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 as affected by different neutralisers

Sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxide were used to control pH during the cultivation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 (Lb11842) in skim milk at a constant pH of 5.6 at 43°C for 10 h for production of the crude cellular extract as a source of p-D-galactosidase. Cell growth, lactic acid production, p-D-galactosidase and proteolytic activities were monitored. The addition of NaOH or KOH resulted in slight but insignificant (p>0.05) differences on all parameters, while all parameters were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the addition of NH 4 OH. The proteolytic activity of Lb11842 was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the presence of ammonium hydroxide. The exopolysaccharides (EPS) production was also significantly higher (p<0.05) in the presence of NH 4 OH. The higher EPS content significantly (p<0.05) affected the apparent viscosity of the concentrated, cell free fermentation medium resulting in pseudo-plastic behavior.