Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Short Term Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Responses to Exercise in Young Adults

Background: Impaired cardiovascular and respiratory functions are associated with increased mortality andmorbidity. Exploration of the relation between physical activity and cardiovascular and respiratory functions canhelp in understanding the mechanisms of how physical activity improves a person’s quality of life. Objectives: To investigate the post exercise cardio-respiratory response of normal healthy adults and to determine ifthere are gender differences in the post exercise cardio-respiratory response. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1st and 2nd year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical andDental College in the department of Physiology. Measurement of Pulmonary functions and recording of ECG wasdone by using Power LAB before and after exercise. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 21, student t-testwas applied and p- value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume and tidal volume increased while oxygen saturationdecreased significantly after exercise. Heart rate increased significantly in post exercise period. The pre exercisesystolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after exercise. There was a significant post exerciseincrement in diastolic pressure in males than in females. QT was significantly decreased in post-exercise period infemale subjects. Conclusion: The respiratory parameters changed significantly after exercise. Heart rate and blood pressureincreased significantly both in male and female subjects. QT interval decreased significantly only in females;however, changes in PR interval and QRS complex were not significant.
Immersive Sketching in AR : Potential Benefits

Three-dimensional modeling has long been regarded as an ideal application for virtual reality (VR), but current VR-based 3D modeling tools suffer from two problems that limit creativity and applicability: (1) the lack of control for freehand modeling, and (2) the difficulty of starting from scratch. To address these challenges, we present Lift-Off, an immersive 3D interface for creating complex models with a controlled, handcrafted style. Artists start outside of VR with 2D sketches, which are then imported and positioned in VR. Then, using a VR interface built on top of image processing algorithms, 2D curves within the sketches are selected interactively and “lifted” into space to create a 3D scaffolding for the model. Finally, artists sweep surfaces along these curves to create 3D models. Evaluations are presented for both long-term users and for novices who each created a 3D sailboat model from the same starting sketch. Qualitative results are positive, with the visual style of the resulting models of animals and other organic subjects as well as architectural models matching what is possible with traditional fine art media. In addition, quantitative data from logging features built into the software are used to characterize typical tool use and suggest areas for further refinement of the interface.
Discrimination of immigrant-origin candidates by voters. Evidence from open-list PR elections in Switzerland

Political underrepresentation of immigrant-origin minorities poses a challenge to many liberal democracies. What accounts for this underrepresentation? In some places, citizens with migrant background have less chance to get on electoral lists (or to have promising list positions) because of discrimination by party gatekeepers. In other places party leaders actually promote such candidates in order to attract the immigrant votes, but majority voters tend to discriminate against them. The extent of this latter form of discrimination, however, depends on the electoral system. It is very acute in open-list PR systems, especially if voters have the possibility to cross off candidates’ names. Switzerland is one of the few places in which voters have this option. Against this background, we analyse election outcomes and empirically examine the extent of electoral discrimination in Switzerland. To accomplish this task the paper uses a novel approach, as we could gain access to the real ballots cast in two Swiss local elections (the 2014 municipal elections in Dietikon and Zurich). This allows us to track the voting behaviour of citizens by analysing how often candidates have been crossed off on ballots and the influence of their surname (Swiss vs. nonSwiss) thereupon.
On the Performance Analysis of SPHINCS+ Verification

SPHINCS, an updated version of SPHINCS, is a postquantum hash-based signature scheme submitted to the NIST postquantum cryptography standardization project. To evaluate its performance, SPHINCS gives the theoretical number of function calls and the actual runtime of a reference implementation. We show that the theoretical number of function calls for SPHINCS verification is inconsistent with the runtime and then present the correct number of function calls. key words: post-quantum cryptography, hash based signatures, SPHINCS, one-time signatures
Protective effects of traditional Chinese herbal decoction Baihe Dihuang Tang on serum-deprived PC12 cells

Objective: This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of Baihe Dihuang Tang (BDT), a traditional Chinese herbal decoction used for nervous-mental system diseases, on serum-deprived PC12 cell. Methods: BDT treatment time and concentration were determined through 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl,2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. PC12 cells were randomly divided into three groups: control (cells cultured in serum-containing medium), model (cells cultured in serum-deprived medium), and BDT (cells cultured in serum-deprived medium and treated with 3 mg/mL BDT for 24 h) groups. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope. The ultrastructure of cells was studied under a transmission electron microscopy. Membrane potential was determined using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Total protein and ATP levels were analyzed by the bicinchoninic acid method and firefly luciferase method, respectively. Results: Compared with the model group, PC12 cells in the BDT group exhibited extensive morphology and adhered to the culture plate. The ultrastructure was modified and possessed a smooth membrane and nuclear surface, increased microvilli-like membrane protrusions, homogeneously distributed organelles, rare pinocytosis and phagocytosis, abundant ribosomes, rare vacuoles, and normalshaped nucleus. BDT also enhanced the total cell protein content, ATP level, and membrane hyperpolarization. Conclusion: BDT could reduce cell death and neural excitability and regulate energy metabolism caused by serum deprivation. We suggest that BDT could modify the hypometabolic state and neural overactivity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). This work may provide new insights into the possibility of using BDT as a therapeutic agent for CFS.
COLLEGIUM OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WORKING PAPER SERIES Currency demand and MIMIC models: towards a structured hybrid model-based estimation of the shadow economy size

Model-based econometric techniques of the shadow economy estimation have been increasingly popular, but a systematic approach to getting the best of their complementarities has so far been missing. We review the dominant approaches in the literature currency demand analysis (CDA) and MIMIC model and propose a novel hybrid procedure that addressess their previous critique, in particular the misspeci cation issues in CDA equations and the vague transformation of the latent variable obtained via MIMIC model into interpretable levels and paths of the shadow economy. Our proposal is based on a new identi cation scheme for the MIMIC model, referred to as 'reverse standarizaton'. It supplies the MIMIC model with the panel-structured information on the latent variable's mean and variance obtained from the CDA estimates, treating this information as given in the restricted full information maximum likelihood function. This approach allows us to avoid some controversial steps, such as choosing an externally estimated reference point for benchmarking or adopting other ad hoc identifying assumptions. We estimate the shadow economy for up to 43 countries, with the results obtained in the range of 2.8% to 29.9% of GDP. Various versions of our models remain robust as regards changes in the level of the shadow economy over time and the relative position of the analysed countries. We also nd that the contribution of (a correctly speci ed) MIMIC model to the measurement of trends in the shadow economy is marginal as compared to the contribution of the CDA model.
Judit Kapás

The period 1760-1850, known as the British Industrial Revolution (BIR) had an enormous long term impact on Western Europe: it prepared the ground for the economic transformation that made the difference between the West and the Rest of the World (Mokyr 2005a). As argued by many (e.g., Mokyr 2005a, Lucas 2002), the major novelty brought about by the BIR was sustained growth (also called modern growth). Growth before 1750 was, if not totally absent, different in nature from what was to occur in the 19 century and later. Despite the absence of growth itself, the BIR represents the transition from the slowly-growing economy of the early modern period to the faster growth of the post 1830 period (Mokyr and Voth 2010). Table 1 shows various scholars’ estimates concerning output growth and TFP growth for Britain for the period around the BIR. What is remarkable about the period after 1750 in Britain is not output growth or TFP performance as such; these measures grew slowly as compared to their modern counterparts, but rather the change in the “quality” of the economic processes not shown by these data.
VALIDATION AND CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION TO SPANISH OF THE PARENTAL SUPERVISION ATTRIBUTES PROFILE QUESTIONNAIRE: A METHOD FOR MEASURING PARENTAL SUPERVISION

Background: Child accidents are the most important preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric age. The degree of parental supervision is a factor that can influence, among others, in these accidents. The aim of this study was to validate and cross-culturally adapt to Spanish the questionnaire Parental Supervision Attributes Profile Questionnaire (PSAPQ) as a method of measuring the degree of parental supervision. Methods: Forward and back-translation methodology was applied using 4 bilingual spanish-english people to obtain version 1.0 of the questionnaire. Subsequently, the questionnaire was reviewed by a committee of experts, obtaining version 1.1, which was provided to 149 parents of children between 2-5 years old, randomly obtained, who attended consultation for the well child visits in several health centers in the province of Valencia. For the statistical study, the internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach’s α test and the test-retest reliability using Pearson correlations. Results: A very good internal consistency was obtained, with Cronbach’s α values greater than 0.7 in three of the four subscales that make up the test, with the remaining being 0.68. The reliability obtained was excellent, with values with Pearson correlations close to or higher than 0.7 for all subscales. Conclusions: The PSAPQ translated and validated into spanish shows very good psychometric results with respect to the original, so it can be said that an adequate instrument has been obtained to objectively measure one of the possible risk factors of child accidents.
Expressive dimensions in music

This paper reports on an experiment into musical expressivity in which participants were asked to rate a number of short music pieces along three dimensions correlated with emotional states; valence, power and freedom. Results showed positive correlations between valence and the musical variables of dissonance and noise saturation, as well as between power and the musical variables of note sustain, tempo and reverb. More equivocal results were found for the dimension of freedom, and the musical variable of pitch height.
Effects of three antioxidants on callus browning of Cyclocarya paliurus.

In order to control callus browning and provide theoretical and technical basis for tissue culture of Cyclocarya paliurus, the effects of three antioxidants on the callus growth, browning and physiological and biochemical characteristics were studied. The results showed that an appropriate concentration of antioxidants could effectively restrain callus browning rate, promote callus growth and prevent the increase of cytoplasmic membrane permeability in the process of cultivation. Among the three antioxidants, vitamin C (VC) was the most effective, and phytic acid (PA) came next. The optimal concentration was 100 mg/L for VC, 250 mg/L for PA, and 50 -100 mg/L for citric acid (CA). The growth rate of callus fresh weight with 100 mg/L VC treated group increased by 73.88%, and browning rate and membrane permeability decreased by 56.52% and 45.75%, respectively as compared with the control and the difference was statistically significant. The appropriate concentration of antioxidants could inhibit PAL activity in callus to some degree, while it had no obvious effect on PPO activity. Altogether, it was suggested that appropriate concentrations of three antioxidants could effectively reduce the callus browning, promote the growth. The regulatory effects may be associated with PAL activity. The regulation of PPO activity may not be the main pathway of browning control by antioxidants. The mechanism of PPO regulation need to be further studied.
Tannin content and antioxidant capacity of five Greek red grape varieties

Tannins are located in skins and seeds and are responsible for important sensory and quality attributes of red grapes and wines, such as astringency, bitterness and colour stability. However, little is known regarding Greek Vitis vinifera varieties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the grape phenolic content and to present data that may contribute to the development of suitable winemaking techniques for these varieties. In this study berry attributes, skin and seed content of tannins and antioxidant capacity from five Greek Vitis vinifera varieties, namely 'Mavrotragano', 'Mandilaria', 'Kotsifali', 'Agiorgitiko' and 'Xinomavro' were analyzed. Significant differences were observed in berry weight and the distribution of berry component mass in mature berries, among the different varieties. 'Mandilaria' and 'Kotsifali' had the heavier berries while the higher contribution of skins and seeds in berry was observed in 'Agiorgitiko' and 'Mavrotragano' grapes respectively. According to the results, the higher content of seed tannins in berries was determined in 'Mandilaria' and the lower in 'Kotsifali'. Finally, varieties with high concentrations of tannins, 'Mandilaria' and 'Mavrotragano', also demonstrated significant high values of antioxidant capacity.
Effects of rehabilitation training on quality of life, motor function, and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the stable phase

Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the curative effects of erector spinae functional rehabilitation training on postoperative inflammation of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures, as well as the effects on quality of life, motor function, and pulmonary function, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the stable phase. Methods: A total of 80 patients with COPD in the stable phase, hospitalized from January 2017 to October 2017, meeting inclusion criteria, were collected and randomly divided into the rehabilitation treatment group (n=40) and traditional treatment group (n=40). After admission, patients in the traditional treatment group received traditional treatment, while patients in the rehabilitation treatment group received rehabilitation training based on traditional treatment. All patients were followed up for 6 months after treatment. UK Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scores, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), 6-minute walking distances (6MWD), body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index (BODE index) scores, Borg scores, St George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) scores, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) scores, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation levels of motor function with myodystrophy were explored using Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis. Results: Compared to before treatment, MRC, BODE, Borg, HAMA, HAMD, and SGRQ scores in the rehabilitation treatment group decreased significantly after treatment, with statistical elevation in FEV1, 6MWD, BMI, IL-1, and IL-6 (P<0.05). Compared with the traditional treatment group, MRC, BODE, Borg, HAMA, HAMD, and SGRQ scores in the rehabilitation treatment group decreased significantly after treatment. Levels of FEV1, 6MWD, BMI, IL-1, and IL-6 were statistically upregulated (P<0.05). Motor function was positively correlated with myodystrophy in patients with COPD. Conclusion: Rehabilitation training is effective for treatment of COPD in the stable phase, improving pulmonary function, motor function, and quality of life. Therefore, it is worthy of clinical popularization and application.
Dramatic response to an mTOR inhibitor in a Chinese patient with lung squamous cell carcinoma with an mTOR mutation and PIK3CA amplification: a case report

Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway can promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Everolimus which is an mTOR inhibitor might thus have anti-tumor effects. Everolimus has achieved good results when used to treat breast cancer patients with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway mutations. However, there are no reports indicating that everolimus is effective for first-line treatment of squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC). Here, a 70-yearold Chinese patient with SQCLC is reported where next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed an mTOR mutation and PIK3CA amplification. The patient had a partial response to everolimus treatment. These findings may provide a basis for the further clinical exploration of targeted therapies in SQCLC with mTOR mutations.
Retrieving Textual Evidence for Knowledge Graph Facts

Knowledge graphs have become vital resources for semantic search and provide users with precise answers to their information needs. Knowledge graphs often consist of billions of facts, typically encoded in the form of RDF triples. In most cases, these facts are extracted automatically and can thus be susceptible to errors. For many applications, it can therefore be very useful to complement knowledge graph facts with textual evidence. For instance, it can help users make informed decisions about the validity of the facts that are returned as part of an answer to a query. In this paper, we therefore propose FacTify, an approach that given a knowledge graph and a text corpus, retrieves the top-k most relevant textual passages for a given set of facts. Since our goal is to retrieve short passages, we develop a set of IR models combining exact matching through the Okapi BM25 model with semantic matching using word embeddings. To evaluate our approach, we built an extensive benchmark consisting of facts extracted from YAGO and text passages retrieved from Wikipedia. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in retrieving textual evidence for knowledge graph facts.
“Enteric Dialysis®” – From Concept to Reality [In conjunction with standard care of therapy]

Since the article published in the Journal of Nephrology and Therapeutics in 2015, exponential advances have been made in probiotics, prebiotics, the gut microbiome, dysbiosis, and recognition of the modulation of the gut microbiome and its impact on disease. Many of these advancements have come in the form of diets, understanding environmental factors, natural products, enzymes, drugs, GMO and non-GMO molecules, genes, and microbes. Advancements in study methods such as metabolomics, proteomics, metagenomics and related technologies have provided the tools needed to study microbiome interactions with the host, the molecules these microbes synthesize, and the composition of the microbes that make up the microbiome. These technologies can now help us pinpoint which microbe produces a specific biomarker of interest. Without these technological advances and the instrumentation they utilize, this would be nearly impossible. As a result, scores of medical/scientific papers and several review articles have recently been published in relevant medical and scientific journals. As such, this article is primarily aimed in independently updating the recent scientific progress, understanding, and knowledge gained on the emerging concept of “Enteric Dialysis®”. This concept is being rapidly recognized and accepted as a potential pathway towards maintenance of good health, facilitating the healing process and promising potentials to address several diseases. This author will attempt his best efforts to provide his personal views and latest advances in connecting the importance of the Gut Microbiome and dysbiosis resulting in inflammation attributing to various disease states. This article is mainly designed to educate patients, and healthcare professionals who may not be familiar with the subject matter described herein. With the recent gains in research and knowledge, Enteric Dialysis® is transforming from a concept to reality, and can potentially provide a promising future for those with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) along with standard care of therapy.
Auditors' Use of Brainstorming in the Consideration of Fraud: Evidence from the Field

Audit standards require auditors to conduct brainstorming sessions on every audit so they can discuss the potential for fraud and how to respond to the risk of fraud. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) has raised concerns about the effectiveness of auditors’ responses to fraud risks and has noted variations in the quality of brainstorming sessions. We develop a measure of brainstorming quality to examine whether and how it affects the relationships among fraud risk factors, fraud risk assessments, and auditors’ responses to fraud risks. We test our measure using data from a field survey of auditors’ actual brainstorming sessions and fraud-related judgments for 179 audit engagements. We find considerable variation in the perceived quality of brainstorming sessions conducted in practice. We find some evidence that the quality of brainstorming sessions moderates the relations between fraud risk factors and fraud risk assessments. We also find that brainstorming quality positively moderates the relations between fraud risk assessments and the nature, staffing, timing, and extent of fraud-related audit procedures. Our results suggest that the benefits of brainstorming do not apply uniformly, because low quality sessions likely incur the costs of such interactions without the attendant benefits. By documenting best practices from high quality brainstorming sessions, our evidence can inform auditors in practice on how to improve their fraud decision-making processes.