Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methodological bricolage: What does it tell us about design?

This paper explores an approach to design research that is becoming more prevalent in practice-based doctoral studies and examines what it tells us about the current state of design research. A previous examination of design PhD case studies has shown that the bricolage approach is evident in a majority of contemporary practice-based design PhDs [1]. The usual academic norm of using an established method or methodology is often discarded in favour of a ‘pick and mix’ approach to select and apply the most appropriate methods. Does it suggest a discipline in crisis, where existing methods are unfit for purpose? Or does this suggest that design as a discipline is maturing and developing a distinct research model? Is design undisciplined? The paper answers these questions by proposing that design researchers navigate a complex, indeterminate and temporal framework where the bricoleur is the best operative.
Antibacterial activities of Calendula officinalis callus extract

The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of C. officinalis callus derived from cotyledon explants. Cotyledons excised from in vitro germinated seedlings were used as explants. Explants were transferred on MS medium supplemented with benzil amino purine (BAP; 2 mg l -1 ), α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA; 2 mg l -1 ) for callus studies. The cultures were maintained on the same media compositions and were sub-cultured at an interval of 4 weeks. Callus cultures were harvested at the end of the 16th week. Calli were dried at 40 C in the dark for antimicrobial studies. Calendula officinalis callus extracts were tested for their antibacterial activities by using agar well diffusion method. Ethanol and chloroform extracts from these plants were assayed against nine bacteria species ( Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6896, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, and Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341). The test antibiotics penicillin G, novobiocin, amphicillin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin were used for comparison. Callus formation was observed at the end of the 5th week on cotyledon explants. C. officinalis callus extracts showed 38 mm inhibition zone against S. aureus , and chloroform extracts showed 32 mm inhibition zone against B. cereus . These results are very close to the test antibiotics used and C. officinalis is found more effective on gram positive bacteria.
Nutrition Labeling in the Food-Away-From-Home Sector: An Economic Assessment

Americans spent about 46 percent of their total food budget on food away from home in 2002, up from 27 percent in 1962. Such foods tend to be less nutritious and higher in calories than foods prepared at home, and some studies have linked eating away from home to overweight and obesity in adults and children. Current nutrition labeling law exempts much of the food-away-from-home sector from mandatory labeling regulations. Because consumers are less likely to be aware of the ingredients and nutrient content of away-from-home food than of foods prepared at home, public health advocates have called for mandatory nutrition labeling for major sources of food away from home, such as fast-food and chain restaurants. This report provides an economic assessment of a food-away-from home nutrition labeling policy, including justifications for policy intervention and potential costs and benefits of the policy.
Thermally induced marangoni instability of liquid microjets with application to continuous inkjet printing

We present an integrated microfluidic device for producing multiple steady steams of picoliter-sized droplets at kilohertz frequency rates. The device has a pressurized reservoir that feeds hundreds of active nozzles, each of which produces a continuous jet of fluid. The jets are inherently unstable, and can be individually thermally modulated at the orifice to produce droplets with a welldefined volume, at a consistent distance downstream from the nozzle. The thermal modulation at the orifice causes a variation in surface tension that propagates downstream inducing Marangoni instability, which is the underlying cause of drop formation. Controlled thermal modulation of each jet is achieved using CMOS/MEMS technology wherein a resistive heater element is integrated into the nozzle surrounding each orifice. In this presentation we discuss the operating physics of this device, methods for modeling its performance, and its application to high-speed continuous inkjet printing.
Petroleum discourse in the European Arctic: the Norwegian case

ABSTRACT The article addresses old ‘west-east discourses’ and how they continue to develop in the high north, and, not least, in the Norwegian petroleum debate. Adopting a discourse analytical perspective the author shows how environmental safety is used as an argument in favour of Norway producing oil in the Barents Sea at the earliest possible moment. This is only feasible if a connection is made in the public mind between Russia and the environment. These views, it is argued, stem from ideas about Russia that gained currency after the demise of the Soviet Union. While they perhaps have less to do with Russia's petroleum industry and environmental performance today, they nevertheless have a strong impact on how challenges in the high north and Arctic region are perceived. And, perhaps even more importantly, they define freedom of action and available options. In this paper all references to government departments refer to those of Norway.
In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Lymphocytes Transduced with a Human CD 16 or with a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Reveals Potential Off-Target Interactions due to the IgG 2 CH 2CH 3 CAR-Spacer

The present work was designed to compare two mechanisms of cellular recognition based on Ab specificity: firstly, when the antiHER2 mAb trastuzumab bridges target cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes armed with a Fc receptor (ADCC) and, secondly, when HER2 positive target cells are directly recognized by cytotoxic lymphocytes armed with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). To compare these two mechanisms, we used the same cellular effector (NK-92) and the same signaling domain (FcεRIγ). The NK92 cytotoxic cell line was transfected with either a FcγRIIIa-FcεRIγ (NK-92CD16) or a trastuzumab-based scFv-FcεRIγ chimeric receptor (NK-92CAR). In vitro, the cytotoxic activity against HER2 positive target cells after indirect recognition by NK-92CD16 was always inferior to that observed after direct recognition by NK-92CAR. In contrast, and somehow unexpectedly, in vivo, adoptive transfer of NK-92CD16 + trastuzumab but not of NK-92CAR induced tumor regression. Analysis of the in vivo xenogeneic system suggested that the human CH2-CH3 IgG2 used as a spacer in our construct was able to interact with the FcR present at the cell surface of the few NSG-FcR+ remaining immune cells. This interaction, leading to blockage of the NK-92CAR in the periphery of the engrafted tumor cells, stresses the critical role of the composition of the spacer domain.
Phytoplankton natural community competition experiments: A reinterpretation

Smith and Kalff (1982, 1983) recently published two articles on phosphorus competition among freshwater phytoplankton whose main conclusions were that among competing phytoplankton there is no partitioning of the gradient of phosphorus availability and that competition for phosphorus occurs to the advantage of small algae. We acknowledge the value of the experiments presented in those papers, but feel that the conclusions are not fully supported by their own data or by recently published observations based on similar experimental techniques (Tilman et al. 1982; Sommer 1983; Tilman et al. in prep.). Using natural community competition experiments, Smith and Kalff ( 1983) concluded that there was no partitioning of a gradient of phosphorus availability among competing phytoplankton species. They derived this conclusion from the fact that in parallel chemostat competition experiments at different dilution rates the same alga, Synedra acus, usually was the most successful competitor. Partitioning (sensu Smith and Kalff 1983) means that one species is a better competitor at high supply rates of a resource and another species at low supply rates. We feel that their experiments actually demonstrate three different possibilities. We have abstracted data from their tables 1, 2, and 3 into a single table (Table 1) containing information only on the species that coexisted at the ends of the experiments. enough phosphorus (through a combination of processes, including uptake and storage) to maintain growth rate equal to dilution rate and can reduce the phosphorus concentration to a level below that needed by other species to maintain their growth rates equal to the dilution rate. Those are the conditions necessary for competitive exclusion with no resource partitioning, and Table 1 A seems to represent just such a set of cases. Synedra has also been reported to be the most successful genus in phosphorus competition by Tilman (198 1: Synedra jilzjkmis), Sommer ( 1983: S. acus), and Kilham (1984: Synedra sp.).
Shocks in dense clouds I. Dust dynamics

Aims. A new multi-fluid approach to the dust dynamics in transverse shocks in dense clouds is presented with the aim of modelling the dust processing in C- and J-type shocks. Methods. We have augmented an existing steady-state shock code to include the effects of an MRN size distribution of grain cores with icy mantles. The dust charge distribution and its evolution is considered in detail and included in the ionization balance. The 2-D grain dynamics are determined, including the effects of grain inertia and charge fluctuations, paying particular attention to the gyration of the charged grains around the magnetic field lines and the feedback of the ionization state on grain dynamics. Results. We find that the critical velocity for C shocks increases with the gas density but that it is only weakly dependent on a high abundance of PAHs and on the photodetachment of electrons by secondary photons induced by cosmic-rays. The detailed dust dynamics in C shocks is shown to comprise two distinct phases: 1) a short gyration phase followed by 2) a long term drift phase. In J shocks only the first gyration phase is present. In C shocks propagating through molecular clouds (n H = 10 4 cm -3 ), large grains (»100 A) remain coupled to the magnetic field during the second phase. However, a high abundance of PAHs can lead to a shortage of electrons in the gas and the decoupling of large grains in the shock tail. Large grains are decoupled from the magnetic field all through the C shock in high density clouds (n H = 10 6 cm -3 ). In all C shocks small grains (≃100 A) remain strongly coupled to the magnetic field, whereas very small grains («100 A) are subject to stochastic dynamics. As long as they are charged very small grains remain strongly coupled to the magnetic field but tend to couple to the neutral gas everytime they become neutral. We have investigated the effects of an electric field along the shock direction in C shocks and find that it does not significantly modify the relative velocities between grains. The derived grain dynamics can be used to study dust processing in C and J shocks in dense clouds through the effects of gas-grain and grain-grain collisions.
Using Low‐Frequency Earthquake Families on the San Andreas Fault as Deep Creepmeters

The central section of the San Andreas Fault hosts tectonic tremor and low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) similar to subduction zone environments. LFEs are often interpreted as persistent regions that repeatedly fail during the aseismic shear of the surrounding fault allowing them to be used as creepmeters. We test this idea by using the recurrence intervals of individual LFEs within LFE families to estimate the timing, duration, recurrence interval, slip, and slip rate associated with inferred slow slip events. We formalize the definition of a creepmeter and determine whether this definition is consistent with our observations. We find that episodic families reflect surrounding creep over the interevent time, while the continuous families and the short time scale bursts that occur as part of the episodic families do not. However, when these families are evaluated on time scales longer than the interevent time these events can also be used to meter slip. A straightforward interpretation of episodic families is that they define sections of the fault where slip is distinctly episodic in well‐defined slow slip events that slip 16 times the long‐term rate. In contrast, the frequent short‐term bursts of the continuous and short time scale episodic families likely do not represent individual creep events but rather are persistent asperities that are driven to failure by quasi‐continuous creep on the surrounding fault. Finally, we find that the moment‐duration scaling of our inferred creep events are inconsistent with the proposed linear moment‐duration scaling. However, caution must be exercised when attempting to determine scaling with incomplete knowledge of scale.
Dendritic cell subsets biology and application in cancer immunotherapy

Background: Cancer as the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of transformed cells is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Dendritic cells (DCs) can be used in cancer immunotherapy. Tumor antigen-loaded DCs are able to enhance the cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) antitumor activity. Materials and Methods: Related articles were searched by search engines in NCBI database. Then the original and review articles were retrieved from the Science Direct, Nature, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer and ProQuest databases. Results: The DC subsets with various functions have been identified in different tissues of both the animal model (mouse) and human. Human myeloid DC subsets could be derived from blood monocytes using the cytokine enriched media. Mouse conventional CD8 + DCs can be isolated from the spleen or derived from the bone marrow stem cells using the cytokine- enriched media. Conclusion: Some of the human and mouse DC subsets, including human myeloid DCs and mouse conventional CD8 + DCs play a pivotal role in an induction of TH1 cells and CTLs. Therefore, these subsets can be utilized as cellular immunity stimulants in human and mouse model for cancer immunotherapy.
Remote ECG Signal Monitoring Via Internet

In this paper the Internet was used as a media for transmission an ECG (ElectroCardio-gram) signal from a patient directly to a remotely reside doctor or consultant who will respond via the same media directly. The ECG signal (at patient side) has been compressed in a manner to achieve low bandwidth requirement by using Matlab capabilities. Also, at consultant side the original signal is reconstructed using the same capabilities of Matlab. The Internet works as the center of communication between the two sides. A database was used to store the patient information which can be handled easily by consultant. Respecting the internet no more than a simple rented web site was required as a file storage shared between the consultant and patient. The results show that the received signal at the doctor side after reconstruction had the complete and compatible to the signal used for diagnosis.
Liquid interactions with porous media and the fate of toxic materials

Toxic liquid chemicals released into the environment may pose an imme- diate risk to human health through contact or related vapour hazards. However, they can also interact with surfaces and remain in situ, poten- tially presenting a subsequent hazard. To improve understanding of the fate of these materials in different environments, the study group inves- tigated interactions between liquid droplets and porous media across a range of different time scales. Splashing and the subsequent re-entrainment of micro-droplets into the atmosphere was identified as one possible mechanism though which the area effect of a contamination could be significantly increased. The study group looked at experimentally determined splashing thresholds for droplet impacts with impermeable substrates, to determine initial predictions of whether or not a given droplet will splash. In cases where splashing occurs the droplet inertia is the most significant effect driving the initial phase of the liquid infiltration into a porous media and the study group developed a model to investigate this behaviour. For longer time scales the study group determined that capillary suction played the most significant role in spreading the liquid within the porous medium. Models for the evolution of the partial saturation within a porous medium based on Richards’ equation were investigated. Over even longer time scales evaporation converts the liquid back into a po- tentially hazardous vapour. The study group started to incorporate evaporation into models of liquid infiltration in a porous medium in order to describe this phenomenon. Recommendations for future theo- retical, numerical and experimental modelling are also provided.
Particulate and dissolved lipid classes in cultures of Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown in cage culture turbidostats with a range of nitrogen supply rates

Production of intracellular and extracellular algal hpid classes was examlned over a range of rates of supply of Inorganic nitrogen The marine dlatom Phaeodactylum tncornutum was studied using 2 new techniques Cage culture turb~dostdts wt rl used for growing the phytoplankton These are continuous cultunng systems which provldca h~gh ly controlled algal environment The Chromarod-Iatroscan TLC/FID system was used for llpid class separat~on and quantification This permitted the resoluhon and detechon of as many as 10 algdl lipid classes plus an lnternal standard for accurate quanhflcauon Up to 3 cultunng units were supplled wlth medium of known nutrient content simultaneously, and particulate intracellular hplds together wlth d~ssolved hplds in the effluent media were monitored Intracellular synthesis of a storage class, triglycende, was clearly triggered by nltrogen stress, whlle synthesis of membrane-assoc~ated polar lipid cIasses was reduced under these conditions Partlculate tnglycerlde yield was higher at lower levels of nitrogen supply despite lower growth rates Different amounts and different types of dissolved extracellular lipid classes were produced under nitrogen-stressed and nitrogen-replete condltlons
Hydrothermal synthesis of SBA-15 using sodium silicate derived from coal gangue

Well-ordered SBA-15 was prepared with a hydrothermal route by sodiumsilicate derived from coal gangue. The as-prepared sample was analyzed by SAXRD, BET, TEM, and SEM, respectively. The results indicate that at a low hydrothermal temperature of 100°C the well-orderedmesoporous SBA-15 could be synthesized. The surface area, pore volume, and pore size of the sample are 552m2/g, 0.54 cm3/g, and 7.0 nm, respectively. It is suggested that coal gangue could be used in obtaining an Si source to prepare mesoporous materials, such as SBA-15.
Determinants of the Rate of Return on Commercial Bank Assets, 1933-1998

This empirical study seeks to identify, for the period 1933-1998, determinants of the rate of return on bank assets (ROA). The study finds that the ROA has been an increasing function of the interest rate yield on bank loans to the private sector, the growth rate of real GDP, and the percentage of deposits covered by federal deposit insurance. In addition, the ROA appears to have benefited from the implementation of provisions in the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991. Finally, increased financial services industry competition has reduced the ROA.
A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF SURAH AL QIYAMAH USING TREE DIAGRAMS

In this research, the researcher analyzed syntactical patterns of the whole verses ( ayah ) in the English translation of surah Al Qiyamah, which has 40 ayah, using tree diagrams theory to be able drawing and seeing hierarchical syntax structure of the verses in the surah . After analyzing the data, the researcher finally found twenty four syntactic patterns of the surah : there are sixteen patterns of sentence and eight patterns of phrases. The phrases patterns are : a) the pattern of noun phrase appears in one position, b) the patterns of verb phrase appear in three position, c) the patterns of adjective phrase appear in two position, d) the pattern of prepositional phrase appears in one position, and e) the pattern of complement phrase appears in one position
JPE 14-5-A Review of the Methods for Improving the Efficiency of Drive Motors to Meet IE 4 Efficiency Standards

High efficiency standards are slowly being introduced with IE3 efficiency levels shortly becoming compulsory in many countries; IE4 efficiency levels being developed for future implementation. In this paper a review is carried out of the IE 60034-30 standard which covers standard line-start induction motors. Some design techniques that can be used to increase efficiency in order to meet the IE4 standards are discussed. This standard is now being replaced by the IE60034-30-1 standard which extends to other line start motors and also IE 60034-30-2 is being introduced to cover variable speed drives in order to address developing technology. The conclusion is that IE4 standards are obtainable but careful design is needed to reach this. Examples from the literature are given.
Finanças públicas verde no Brasil: uma revisão bibliográfica

O presente estudo tem por intuito complementar a literatura nacional acerca do tema economia verde e desenvolvimento sustentavel, a partir de uma abordagem das financas publicas e visando promover uma reflexao por parte dos analistas, autoridades e os responsaveis por formular e executar a politicas verde. Entende-se, aqui, que a necessidade de protecao ao meio ambiente tambem compreende o direito tributario e, a partir de normas eficientes as demandas ambientais, e possivel promover maior desenvolvimento sustentavel.
Response latency in stated choice experiments: impact on preference, variance and processing heterogeneity

In this paper we utilise paradata relating to the response latency as a measure of the cognitive effort invested by respondents in self-administered online stated preference surveys. While the effects of response latency have been previously explored, this paper proposes a different approach. Specifically, we attempt to disentangle preference, variance and processing heterogeneity and explore whether response latency helps to explain these three types of heterogeneity. To test our methodology we use stated choice data collected via an online survey to establish consumers’ preferences for various food attributes. Results from our analysis reinforce that response latency has a bearing on the estimates of error variance and the utility coefficients. Our findings raise concerns about the appropriateness of assuming deterministic choice sets, and we also show a link between response latency and the consideration sets that were actually used by respondents. We further observe that the manner in which response latency is accommodated has implications for willingness to pay estimation. Importantly, results in this paper draw attention for the need to better explain the variations that exist among respondents, in terms of preferences, error variance and processing strategies, and that only focusing on one (or two) of these is likely to lead to erroneous inferences.