Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Inheritance of Division and Death Times Determines the Size and Phenotype of CD8+ T Cell Families

After antigen stimulation cognate naïve CD8+ T cells undergo rapid proliferation and ultimately their progeny differentiates into short-lived effectors and longer-lived memory T cells. Although the expansion of individual cells is very heterogeneous, the kinetics are reproducible at the level of the total population of cognate cells. After the expansion phase, the population contracts, and if antigen is cleared, a population of memory T cells remains behind. Different markers like CD62L, CD27, and KLRG1 have been used to define several T cell subsets (or cell fates) developing from individual naïve CD8+ T cells during the expansion phase. Growing evidence from high-throughput experiments, like single cell RNA sequencing, epigenetic profiling, and lineage tracing, highlights the need to model this differentiation process at the level of single cells. We model CD8+ T cell proliferation and differentiation as a competitive process between the division and death probabilities of individual cells (like in the Cyton model). We use an extended form of the Cyton model in which daughter cells inherit the division and death times from their mother cell in a stochastic manner (using lognormal distributions). We show that this stochastic model reproduces the dynamics of CD8+ T cells both at the population and at the single cell level. Modeling the expression of the CD62L, CD27, and KLRG1 markers of each individual cell, we find agreement with the changing phenotypic distributions of these markers in single cell RNA sequencing data. Retrospectively re-defining conventional T-cell subsets by “gating” on these markers, we find agreement with published population data, without having to assume that these subsets have different properties, i.e., correspond to different fates.
Baja publicación de las investigaciones presentadas en el Congreso Internacional de Estomatología, Cuba 2015

Introduccion: Muchos de los trabajos que se presentan en eventos cientificos no concluyen el ciclo de la investigacion, con la respectiva publicacion. Objetivo: Caracterizar las investigaciones presentadas en el Congreso Internacional de Estomatologia, Cuba 2015 e identificar los factores asociados a su publicacion. Metodos : Se realizo un estudio observacional analitico transversal, que evaluo las caracteristicas de los trabajos presentados. Mediante una estrategia de busqueda en espanol e ingles a traves de Google Academico se constato si habian sido publicados en revistas cientificas. Se obtuvieron razones de prevalencia, intervalos de confianza al 95 % y valores p mediante modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados : De los 498 trabajos presentados, 87 (17,47 %) se relacionaron con la educacion medica, 183 (36,75 %) se presentaron en el formato de poster electronico, solo 13 estuvieron escritos en ingles (2,61 %), 330 (66,27 %) eran trabajos de investigacion, 2 (0,61%) eran multicentricos, 56 (11,24 %) tuvieron autores estudiantiles, 126 (25,30 %) a cuatro autores y 347 (69,68 %) a su primer autor mujer. se publicaron 61 (12,25 %) trabajos, fundamentalmente como articulos originales (n=41; 77,05 %); en 43 (70,49 %) hubo cambios en la autoria. la presencia de un autor extranjero se asocio significativamente a la publicacion de las investigaciones (rp: 4,35; ic 95 %: 1,09-17,3; p = 0,038). Conclusiones : Predominaron los trabajos de investigacion escritos en espanol con diseno observacional. Solo se publica uno de cada diez trabajos presentados. La presencia de un autor extranjero estuvo asociada significativamente a dicha publicacion. Palabras clave : investigacion; publicaciones; revistas electronicas; estomatologia; medicina oral.
Does Homophily Make Socialbots More Influential? Exploring Infiltration Strategies

Socialbots are intelligent software controlling all the behavior of fake accounts in an online social network. They use artificial intelligence techniques to pass themselves off as human social media users. Socialbots exploit user trust to achieve their malicious goals, such as astroturfing, performing Sybil attacks, spamming, and harvesting private data. The first phase to countermeasure the malicious activities of the socialbots is studying their characteristics and revealing strategies they can employ to successfully infiltrate stealthily into target online social network. In this paper,we investigate the success of using different infiltration strategies in terms of infiltration performance and being stealthy. Every strategy is characterized by socialbots profile and behavioral characteristics. The findings from this study illustrate that assuming a specific taste for the tweets a socialbot retweets and/or likes make it more influential. Furthermore, the experimental results indicate that considering the presence of common characteristics and similarity increase the probability of being followed by other users. This is in complete agreement with homophily concept which is the tendency of individuals to associate and bond with similar others in social networks.
Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity of a Novel Derivative of Agomelatine in Rats in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Agomelatine (AGO) is a new type of antidepressant with demonstrated antidepressant effects and a unique modulating circadian rhythm action. However, AGO has hepatotoxicity, which limits its clinical application. In order to develop new drugs that cause less liver injury than AGO, a series of derivatives were synthesized; compound GW117 was screened from derivatives due to its high receptor affinity. This study will investigate its sub-acute oral toxicity profile in rats in a sex-dependent manner. GW117 and AGO was administrated by gavage (200, 400, or 800 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Hematological, biochemical tests, organ weights, histopathological examinations were carried out, the results showed that AGO and GW117 had adverse effects on platelet, liver and kidney, and had sex-differences in some indicators. Hematological tests showed that AGO and GW117 reduced the platelet count in male animals but had no effect in females. AGO increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin in male animals, and GW117 had no effect on these two indicators. For females, AGO moderately elevated ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin, while GW117 only elevated ALP slightly. Two drugs could increase liver weight and coefficient, and cause liver pathological injury, including hepatic sinusoidal dilatation, hepatocyte fatty deposition and dotted cell necrosis in two genders. AGO caused mild to moderate hepatocyte and hepatobiliary injury in both genders, while only a mild hepatobiliary injury was caused by GW117 in females. Renal function tests showed that both drugs can increase blood urea nitrogen levels in males, while AGO, but not GW117, can slightly increase blood creatinine and urea nitrogen in females. The kidney weight and coefficient could be significantly increased by two drugs in males, and by AGO medium and GW117 high and low doses in females. The kidney pathological damage was mainly characterized by tubule dilatation, a thinning of the renal cortex. Kidney damage caused by GW117 was less than that of AGO, and there was no sex-difference. In summary, GW117 can cause mild liver and kidney damage in both genders, as well as mild platelets reduction in males, while degree of damage is less severe than AGO. Therefore, as an excellent derivative, GW117 deserves further development as an antidepressant.
Google AI Approach and Statistical Results of Using Google Applications in Mobile Learning

The aim of this study is to determine the view of students in the Near East University regarding the use of Google applications on mobile learning. A data col-lection tool consisting of 20 items developed by the researchers were used in the study. The cronbach’s alpha rate of the data collection tool was found to be . 942 as a result of the applications. General information is provided in the abstract section of the study. In the methods section the age and gender of the students and faculties in which the students are educated in is shown in tables. The data collected throughout the research is given in the results and discussion section and evaluated by the researcher in the conclusion section. As a result of the research it was concluded that the students have a positive view about the Google Applications in Mobil Education. When the data analyzed statistically it has found that using using Google Applications for students makes the most of the tasks easier to complete. Thus, students saves more time and energy by using this applications. Providing education on using these applications and benefitting from these applications will be good. With the data collected from this study it is aimed to guide other researchers from different universities and countries working on this subject.
Token Swapping on Trees

The input to the token swapping problem is a graph with vertices $v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_n$, and $n$ tokens with labels $1, 2, \ldots, n$, one on each vertex. The goal is to get token $i$ to vertex $v_i$ for all $i= 1, \ldots, n$ using a minimum number of swaps, where a swap exchanges the tokens on the endpoints of an edge. We present some results about token swapping on a tree, also known as "sorting with a transposition tree": 1. An optimum swap sequence may need to perform a swap on a leaf vertex that has the correct token (a "happy leaf"), disproving a conjecture of Vaughan. 2. Any algorithm that fixes happy leaves -- as all known approximation algorithms for the problem do -- has approximation factor at least $4/3$. Furthermore, the two best-known 2-approximation algorithms have approximation factor exactly 2. 3. A generalized problem -- weighted coloured token swapping -- is NP-complete on trees, even when they are restricted to be subdivided stars, but solvable in polynomial time on paths and stars. In this version, tokens and vertices have colours, and colours have weights. The goal is to get every token to a vertex of the same colour, and the cost of a swap is the sum of the weights of the two tokens involved.
Mycotoxins in Conversation With Bacteria and Fungi

An important goal of the mycotoxin research community is to develop comprehensive strategies for mycotoxin control and detoxification. Although significant progress has been made in devising such strategies, yet, there are barriers to overcome and gaps to fill in order to design effective mycotoxin management techniques. This is in part due to a lack of understanding of why fungi produce these toxic metabolites. Here we present cumulative evidence from the literature that indicates an important ecological role for mycotoxins, with particular focus on Fusarium mycotoxins. Further, we suggest that understanding how mycotoxin levels are regulated by microbial encounters can offer novel insights for mycotoxin control in food and feed. Microbial degradation of mycotoxins provides a wealth of chemical information that can be harnessed for large-scale mycotoxin detoxification efforts.
Different Clinical Manifestations of Human Brucellosis in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Scoping Review of 521 Cases from 10 Countries

Introduction This systematic scoping review aims to assess the frequency and severity of clinical manifestations of pregnant women with brucellosis. Methods Three literature databases, PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and two search engines (Google and Yahoo) were adopted to identify the relevant articles that published until 31 December 2019. Two investigators independently screened the publications and extracted the data; the case reports and case series which described at least two symptoms or clinical manifestations of pregnant women with brucellosis were included. Results A total of 27 articles describing the information of 521 pregnant women with brucellosis were included. Serum agglutination test was the most common laboratory test in the diagnosis of brucellosis. A total of 36 clinical manifestations were extracted from the included articles, and the most common clinical manifestations were fever (400, 76.8%), joint pain/swelling/arthralgia (389, 74.7%), sweats (382, 73.3%), fatigue/asthenia/weakness (262, 50.3%) and back pain (189, 36.3%). Among the 32 included individual cases that with available obstetric outcome information, 10 (31.3%) suffered preterm delivery, 12 (37.5%) had an abortion and 3 (9.8%) had intrauterine fetal death. Conclusion Brucellosis is popular and threatening for pregnant women. Regarding the localized body system complications, osteoarticular system was mostly involved, the obstetrics outcomes were severe among pregnant women with brucellosis. The detailed clinical and epidemiological characteristics in this scoping review may add a better and more complete understanding of the disease for both physicians and policy-makers, and provide evidence for timely diagnosis, adequate therapy and better prevention.
Physical Layer Secure Communication Using Orbital Angular Momentum Transmitter and a Single-Antenna Receiver

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) for radio communications has the potential of simultaneously transmitting multiple signals at the same frequency and time resources. This multiplies the achievable channel capacity at a given bandwidth by increasing the available number of simultaneous data streams. One downside of OAM radio communication is the requirement of multimode radio frequency (RF) hardware at both ends of a link, i.e., the transmitter and the receiver. This is not always practically viable, especially as we move toward low-profile receivers in future communication devices. In this work, we present a novel method of OAM-based radio communication with enhanced physical layer security that requires only a single-antenna receiver. We first present the system architecture, then we design and realize a Rotman lens-based circular antenna array transmitter operating at 5.8 GHz. We then experimentally verify the capability of the hardware to create multiple modes. As a proof-of-concept, we propose a communication system that simultaneously uses modes 0 and +1 of the OAM beamformer and in doing so show how a single-antenna receiver can be used for data recovery. We first identify a general analog modulation expression and use the proposed system to transmit digitally modulated data stream to a single-antenna-equipped receiver. A precommunication training sequence is required to realize the proposed approach. The experimental results verify the simulated predictions.
Coinductive Uniform Proofs

Coinduction occurs in two guises in Horn clause logic: in proofs of circular properties and relations, and in proofs involving construction of infinite data. Both instances of coinductive reasoning appeared in the literature before, but a systematic analysis of these two kinds of proofs and of their relation was lacking. We propose a general proof-theoretic framework for handling both kinds of coinduction arising in Horn clause logic. To this aim, we propose a coinductive extension of Miller et al framework of uniform proofs and prove its soundness relative to coinductive models of Horn clause logic.
The emergence of number and syntax units in LSTM language models

Recent work has shown that LSTMs trained on a generic language modeling objective capture syntax-sensitive generalizations such as long-distance number agreement. We have however no mechanistic understanding of how they accomplish this remarkable feat. Some have conjectured it depends on heuristics that do not truly take hierarchical structure into account. We present here a detailed study of the inner mechanics of number tracking in LSTMs at the single neuron level. We discover that long-distance number information is largely managed by two “number units”. Importantly, the behaviour of these units is partially controlled by other units independently shown to track syntactic structure. We conclude that LSTMs are, to some extent, implementing genuinely syntactic processing mechanisms, paving the way to a more general understanding of grammatical encoding in LSTMs.
TRPV1 Contributes to the Neuroprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Juvenile Rats

To investigate the antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in pilocarpine- (Pilo-) induced status epilepticus (SE) juvenile rats, rats were randomly assigned to the following six groups (n = 20): normal, normal+Dex, SE, SE+Cap, SE+Dex, and SE+Dex+Cap. The rats were treated with either diazepam (i.p., an antiepileptic drug) or Dex after the onset of SE. The Morris water maze was used to assess rat cognitive behavior. Flow cytometry was used to detect the concentrations of Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to evaluate specimens of brain tissue. The levels of caspase 3 and TRPV1 were examined by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Treatment with Dex significantly decreased the escape latency of the SE rats (P < 0.05). Capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, delivery aggravated the performance of SE rats. Pathological changes in SE rat were attenuated by Dex and deteriorated by capsaicin. Swollen mitochondria and abnormal endoplasmic reticulum were found in SE rats and were then aggravated by capsaicin and reversed by Dex. Moreover, our data showed that Dex significantly restrained calcium overload, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, all of which were induced by Pilo and capsaicin (P < 0.05). Dex decreased the apoptotic rate in the Model SE group (P < 0.05) and TRPV1 and caspase 3 expression in the Dex treatment group (P < 0.05). Interestingly, all these effects of Dex were partially counteracted by the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin (P < 0.05). Our study showed that Dex exerted a neuroprotective effect in Pilo-induced SE rats by inhibiting TRPV1 expression and provided information for therapy to SE patients.
THE EFECT OF RUMINAL DEFAUNATION IN ESTABLISGHING THE ROLE OF THE INFUSORES IN RUMINAL PHYSIOLOGY

This aspect of the ruminal digstion was studied with the aim of establishing the role of the protozoa in rumen, and for interfere in alteration of the mechanisms which determine the profile of the digstive intraruminal processes. The importance of the ruminal ciliates demonstrated by defaunation is obvious. Reducing their number it will be reduced the fermentation process in rumen, and also the fibre degradation. Defaunation emphasise the involving of ciliates in som important ruminal processes as the conversion of bacterial protein in protozoa protein with a higher digestibility. This paper presents the importance of the role of ciliates in ruminal biocenosys where they eventually act in a chain forage – ciliate – ruminal relation, process that is not entirely elucidated up the date. Defaunation represents too a method to clarify the role of ciliates. It can be realized in many ways: food and water privation, pH variation beyond the optimal limits, the suddenly change of any other condition, and by adding chemical substances. An important advantage of defaunation is the possibility of a single stain or species of ciliate refaunation with the aim of determine their participation ratio in the biochemical processes
Apoptotic cell death in hemocytes of Crassostrea gigas, induced by RGD- or RGE-containing peptides

We have previously found that the spreading ability of Crassostrea gigas hemocytes was enhanced in the presence of human fibronectin (FN) (Terahara et al., to be submitted). To investigate whether the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, an integrin-binding site in IN1), was involved in the hemocyte spreading, we attempted to block the spreading by FN with the addition of free RGD peptides. The spreading ability decreased when the hemocytes were co-incubated with the RGD peptides. Although, the percentage hemocyte survival rapidly, and markedly decreased. Similar results were detected by the RGE peptides as control peptides. Many types of anchorage-dependent cells require integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) to survive2). By blocking adhesion to the ECM by the RGD peptides, apoptosis is induced in epithelial cells3), endothelial cells4) and fibroblasts5). Furthermore, the RGD peptides induce apoptosis of T-cells integrin-independently by direct caspase-3 activation6). To show that apoptosis of the C. gigas hemocytes might also be induced by the RGD or the RGE peptides, we confirmed the existence of apoptosis by Hoechst staining and DNA extraction of the hemocytes in this study.
El coste de vacunar a lo largo de toda la vida en España

RESUMEN Fundamentos: La evaluacion de los programas de vacunacion mediante la estimacion de costes es una herramienta fundamental para orientar la politica de vacunacion. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el coste que conlleva en Espana la vacunacion a lo largo de toda la vida, tanto a personas sanas como pertenecientes a grupos de riesgo. Metodos: Se realizo un estudio de descripcion de los costes para administrar las vacunas incluidas en el calendario comun de vacunacion acordado para el ano 2019, y en el calendario para grupos de riesgo, a lo largo de toda la vida. Resultados: El coste previsto de la vacunacion a lo largo de toda la vida fue de 726,06 euros por cada mujer sana y 625,89 euros por cada hombre sano durante el 2019. En personas con las condiciones de riesgo que requieren mayor numero de vacunas oscilo entre 982,99 y 1.815 euros por persona. Conclusiones: El relativo bajo coste de la vacunacion a lo largo de toda la vida y los importantes beneficios para la salud que conlleva la vacunacion hacen que esta medida sea util y rentable, por lo que se debe reforzar la evaluacion de los programas de vacunacion para asegurar la vacunacion adecuada en todos los momentos de la vida.
On the existence of elastic minimizers for initially stressed materials

A soft solid is said to be initially stressed if it is subjected to a state of internal stress in its unloaded reference configuration. In physical terms, its stored elastic energy may not vanish in the absence of an elastic deformation, being also dependent on the spatial distribution of the underlying material inhomogeneities. Developing a sound mathematical framework to model initially stressed solids in nonlinear elasticity is key for many applications in engineering and biology. This work investigates the links between the existence of elastic minimizers and the constitutive restrictions for initially stressed materials subjected to finite deformations. In particular, we consider a subclass of constitutive responses in which the strain energy density is taken as a scalar-valued function of both the deformation gradient and the initial stress tensor. The main advantage of this approach is that the initial stress tensor belongs to the group of divergence-free symmetric tensors satisfying the boundary conditions in any given reference configuration. However, it is still unclear which physical restrictions must be imposed for the well-posedness of this elastic problem. Assuming that the constitutive response depends on the choice of the reference configuration only through the initial stress tensor, under given conditions we prove the local existence of a relaxed state given by an implicit tensor function of the initial stress distribution. This tensor function is generally not unique, and can be transformed according to the symmetry group of the material at fixed initial stresses. These results allow one to extend Ball's existence theorem of elastic minimizers for the proposed constitutive choice of initially stressed materials. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Rivlin's legacy in continuum mechanics and applied mathematics’.