Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M ETAR Walter Christaller ’ s Research on Regional and Rural Development Planning During World War II

The goals of this study were to describe and evaluate Christaller's research on regional and rural planning during World War II. His research was analyzed by identifying ideas from his pre-war studies that were basic to his war research, by piecing together theoretical perspectives from sources from 1940-1945, and by identifying links between those studies and his research on central places. It was shown that Christaller's research contributed to plans facilitating German Lebensraum policy and the objectives of Himmler's Reich Commission for the Strengthening of Germandom, that he built the conceptual and theoretical frameworks used in his war research on his earlier theories of central places, administrative regions, and rural settlement change, that he used his theoretical ideas to confront basic problems in planning and human geography, and that he offered innovative solutions including (1) generalization of his original theory by the addition of a mixed hierarchical principle, (2) development of normative systems of urban-centered administrative-planning regions both for the German Empire and in more detail for western Poland, (3) development of a model of metropolitan regions, and (4) development of a settlement system based theory of rural development.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of hollow spherical lithium-rich cathode material synthesized with molten salt method for lithium ion batteries

The high voltage layered Li1.2Ni0. 16Co0.08Mn0. 56O2 cathode material with hollow spherical structure has been synthesized by molten-salt method in a NaCl flux. Characterization by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed its structure and proved that the as-prepared powder is constituted of small, homogenously sized hollow spheres (1-1.5 μm). The material exhibited enhanced rate capability and high first cycle efficiency due to the well dispersion of secondary particles. Galvanostatic cycling at different temperatures (20, 40, 60 °C) and a current rate of 2 C (500 mA g-1) shows no significant capacity fade.
Information extraction from clinical texts in Russian

We present and evaluate the pipeline for processing of clinical notes in Russian. The paper addresses the tasks of drug identification and disease template filling, which are related to entity recognition and relation extraction. The disease template filling consists in recognition of disease mentions in text, mapping them to concepts of a thesaurus, and discovering their attributes. Discovering attributes means identifying corresponding spans in text, linking them to diseases, and normalizing them i. e. determining their generalized meaning from a predefined set. We implemented tools for determining the following attributes of disease mentions: negation; the flag indicating the disease mention is not related to a patient; severity; course; and body site. For different tasks, we used different techniques: rule-based patterns and several supervised machine-learning methods. Since there were no annotated corpora of clinical notes in the Russian language available for research purposes, we annotated a dataset, which we used for training and evaluation of the developed tools. The created corpus is available for researchers through the data use agreement.
Autocatalytic activation of C1r subcomponent of the first component of human complement.

Autoactivation of the proenzyme form of a subunit of the first component (C1r) was performed in the presence and absence of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). The time-course of autoactivation of zymogen C1r followed a sigmoidal curve and was accelerated by addition of the enzyme C1r and by increasing the concentration of C1r, suggesting that autoactivation of C1r consists of two intermolecular reactions, i.e. zymogen(C1r)- and enzyme(C1r)-catalyzed reactions. In the presence of 10 mM DFP, the enzyme-catalyzed autoactivation of C1r was completely inhibited, while the zymogen-catalyzed autoactivation still proceeded depending upon C1r concentration. These results suggested that the zymogen-catalyzed autoactivation of C1r is a DFP-insensitive second-order reaction and is mediated by an active site generated in a single chain C1r through a conformational change (Kassahara et al. (1982) FEBS lett. 141, 128-131). Based on these results, a possible reaction process of autoactivation of C1r was proposed, as follows: (formula; see text) where C1r represents a conformational isomer which catalyzes the autoactivation of C1r, and the rate constants, k2 and k3, are of second-order. Utilizing a computer, we simulated the autoactivation of C1r and found the above scheme to be a reasonable model of C1r autoactivation. Evidence which supports the formation of a conformational isomer of C1r, C1r, as an intermediate in its autoactivation was also obtained by a surface radiolabeling method.
NONLINEAR MHD SIMULATIONS OF ELMs IN JET

Nonlinear MHD simulations with the JOREK code may be used to improve our understanding of Edge-Localised-Modes (ELMs) [1,2,3]. These H-mode related instabilities may cause some damage to the tungsten divertor of ITER [4], and it was demonstrated experimentally that the ELM energy losses increase with both machine size and decreasing collisionality [5,6]. In sight of producing simulations of ELMs in ITER, in order to give some predictions of ELM size and divertor heat-fluxes in the future device, simulations first need to be quantitatively validated against experimental data of present machines. This paper presents simulations of ELMs in the JET tokamak, for the low-collosionality type-I ELMy Hmode pulse #73569. The simulation results are compared to experimental data to provide a qualitative validation of simulations. This comparison comprises the dynamics of filaments and divertor heat-fluxes, the effect of resistivity and collisionality on ELM energy losses, and the observation of ELM precursors prior to the pedestal collapse.
Financial Predictors of Real Activity and the Propagation of Aggregate Shocks

Bond yield and retail interest rate spreads are presumed to lead real activity on the basis of financial accelerator mechanisms, markup cyclicality or simply because they are forward-looking. Empirical results for Austria show that retail rate spreads outperform many other indicators in this respect. Nevertheless, there is no evidence for a financial accelerator being behind this finding.
A weighted regression approach for the detection of QTL effects on within-subject variability

Quantitative trait loci may not only affect the mean of a trait but also its variability. A special aspect is the variability between multiple measurements of genotyped animals, for example the within litter variance of birth weights. Assuming a normally distributed trait a weighted regression approach was developed, taking the transformed sample variance s between repeated measurements as observation for every genotyped individual. For the daughter-design the weighted regression approach was evaluated in terms of precision of the estimation for the QTL-position, statistical power and compliance with the desired error probability under the null hypothesis.
Functional ATPase Activity of p97/Valosin-containing Protein (VCP) Is Required for the Quality Control of Endoplasmic Reticulum in Neuronally Differentiated Mammalian PC12 Cells*

Abnormal protein accumulation and cell death with cytoplasmic vacuoles are hallmarks of several neurodegenerative disorders. We previously identified p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP), an AAA ATPase with two conserved ATPase domains (D1 and D2), as an interacting partner of the Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) protein with expanded polyglutamines that causes Machado-Joseph disease. To reveal its pathophysiological roles in neuronal cells, we focused on its ATPase activity. We constructed and characterized PC12 cells expressing wild-type p97/VCP and p97(K524A), a D2 domain mutant. The expression level, localization, and complex formation of both proteins were indistinguishable, but the ATPase activity of p97(K524A) was much lower than that of the wild type. p97(K524A) induced cytoplasmic vacuoles that stained with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker, and accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in the nuclear and membrane but not cytoplasmic fractions was observed, together with the elevation of ER stress markers. These results show that p97/VCP is essential for degrading membrane-associated ubiquitinated proteins and that profound deficits in its ATPase activity severely affect ER quality control, leading to abnormal ER expansion and cell death. Excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins may inactivate p97/VCP in several neurodegenerative disorders, eventually leading to the neurodegenerations.
Distribution Functions for the Simon Effect in Percentage Error

The Simon effect for left–right visual stimuli previously has been shown to decrease across the reaction time (RT) distribution. This decrease has been attributed to automatic activation of the corresponding response, which then dissipates over time. In contrast, for left–right tone stimuli, the Simon effect has not been found to decrease across the RT distribution but instead tends to increase. It has been proposed that automatic activation occurs through visuomotor information transmission, whereas the auditory Simon effect reflects cognitive coding interference and not automatic activation. In 4 experiments, we examined distributions of the auditory Simon effect for RT, percentage error (PE), and an inverse efficiency score [IES RT/(1 PE)] as a function of tone frequency and duration to determine whether the activation– dissipation account is also applicable to auditory stimuli. Consistent decreasing functions were found for the RT Simon effect distribution with short-duration tones of low frequency and for the PE and IES Simon effect distributions for all durations and frequency sets. Together, these findings provide robust evidence that left and right auditory stimuli also produce decreasing Simon effect distribution functions suggestive of automatic activation and dissipation of the corresponding response.
Monotonicity of NFP Mappings Associated with Variational Inequality and Its Application

In this paper, we prove sufficient conditions for the monotonocity of NFP mappings associated with variational inequality problems over a general closed convex set. Sufficient conditions for the strong monotonocity of its perturbed version is also shown. These results include some well known results in the literature. Inspired by these results, we propose an appreciable iterative algorithm for the variational inequality problem whose normal fixed point map is monotone. Key–Words: Variational inequalities, cocoercive maps, (K, θ)-projective-coercivity, strongly monotone maps, θstrongly projective-coercivity fixed point and normal maps, normal-fixed point maps, iterative algorithm.
Pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Pulmonary edema is common cause of acute respiratory failure and can be seen in not only cardiac but also noncardiac diseases. The pathophysiologic mechanism for the development of acute pulmonary edema in any clinical situation can usually be explained alterations in the forces governing the transvascular flux of fluid in the pulmonary microvasculature, according to the Starling equation. "Cardiac" pulmonary edema is primarily due to an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure of sufficient magnitude to overcome the forces maintaining fluid within the vessel and the ability of the lymphatics to drain the transudated fluid. On the other hand, pulmonary edema occurring in association with noncardiac disease (e.g., sepsis, aspiration or shock) is secondary to an increase in the permeability of the pulmonary microvasculature and is referred to as noncardiogenic pulmonary edema or the adult respiratory distress syndrome. This article examines the mechanisms for the development of pulmonary edema and discusses the differences between the cardiac and noncardiac types.
A paramodulation-based automatic tactic for the Matita proof assistant

The HELM (Hypertextual Electronic Library of Mathematics) project is a longterm effort, taken by prof. Andrea Asperti and his research group at the University of Bologna, with the aim of integrating the existing tools for formal reasoning to create, manage and exploit a large hypertextual library of formal mathematics. One of the key components of HELM is its interactive theorem prover, called Matita, which allows the definition of new theorems and axioms that can then be added to the library. Such proof assistant is based on a quite expressive higherorder logical framework called CIC [14], an extension of the typed λ-calculus with a rich set of functional and inductive types. In order to prove a theorem (a goal), a user applies to it one or more tactics, which replace it with some new subgoals, to which other tactics can be applied, and so on until there are no more open goals left. The role of the proof assistant is then that of ensuring the correctness of the various steps, but the whole procedure requires a continuous interaction with the user, who has to decide at each step which tactic to apply. It seems clear that, on the one hand, having to follow the system step-by-step even to prove “trivial” subgoals can be quite boring and time-consuming, and on the other hand that there might be some goals for which the right strategy is not immediately clear, and so would require trying a lot of different sequences of tactics before finding the correct one. To address this issues, Matita provides an auto tactic [16] that, given a goal, tries to find a proof for it automatically, by a repeated application of the hypotheses of the goal and the theorems and axioms in the HELM library, without the intervention of the user. http://helm.cs. unibo.it
Dynamic Dumbbell-Novel Training Machine with Programmable Exercise Load

A novel robotic device, Dynamic Dumbbell is developed for advanced physical exercise in this paper. The exercise load for muscle training is categorized and formulated in terms of mechanical engineering to be analyzed and implemented in Dynamic Dumbbell. The mathematically formulated exercise load, which is named as programmable exercise load, is realized by Dynamic Dumbbell. To accurately realize the programmable exercise load, compact Planetary-geared Elastic Actuator(cPEA) which is a rotary Series Elastic Actuators is employed for Dynamic Dumbbell, and the torque generated by cPEA is controlled using high performance force control algorithm.
Village Transportation Infrastructure and Women ’ s Non-agricultural Employment in India : The Conditioning Role of Community Gender Context

Previous studies have examined how demographic characteristics, education, culture, and labor policy suppress Indian women’s labor supply. However, not enough attention has been paid to the role of poor labor market opportunity structure in causing Indian women’s exclusion from wage labor, particularly non-farm work. The recent government investments in transportation infrastructure has led to an expansion of employment opportunities for rural women, which allows us to examine the role of demand factors. Using data from the India Human Development Survey collected in 2005 and 2012, we study the impact of village transportation conditions on women’s participation in non-agricultural work. Conditional logit models show that access by roads and frequent bus services positively influence men’s and women’s participation in non-agricultural work. Similar effects are found for women and men. The positive impact of transportation infrastructure on women’s non-farm employment is stronger in communities with more egalitarian gender norms.
Transferring Robotics Software from Research to Industry : the OpenSoT Library

Robots are becoming smarter, cheaper and being able to achieve more jobs such as picking and packaging or inspecting products. These constitute a new generation of robots that will guide the next industrial revolution: the Industry 4.0. In the recent years, the robotics research community has developed a large numbers of algorithms and software tools that are suitable for industrial application. In this paper we want to present a software tool, named OpenSoT, that permits to ease the control of highly redundant, floating or fixed base, robots. We think that OpenSoT, and its development, might be of interest for the industrial community, as well as being integrated in well known control frameworks such as MoveIt!
Novel neural circuit mechanism for visual edge detection

Significance This paper is significant for three reasons. First, it proposes a new way that the visual cortex carries out a computation by simply having differing abundances of neurons that vary in a particular property (how large a piece of the visual world they report on). Second, it proposes a new use for population codes. Finally, it establishes the role for a quantitative anatomical feature of primary visual cortex: Abundances that differ in the way observed in experiment serve to apply an edge detection filter to the image. The primary visual cortex is organized in a way that assigns a specific collection of neurons the job of providing the rest of the brain with all of the information it needs about each small part of the image present on the retina: Neighboring patches of the visual cortex provide the information about neighboring patches of the visual world. Each one of these cortical patches—often identified as a “pinwheel”—contains thousands of neurons, and its corresponding image patch is centered on a particular location in the retina. For stimuli within their image patch, neurons respond selectively to lines or edges with a particular slope (orientation tuning) and to regions of the patch of different sizes (known as spatial frequency tuning). The same number of neurons is devoted to reporting each possible slope (orientation). For the cells that cover different-sized regions of their image patch, however, the number of neurons assigned depends strongly on their preferred region size. Only a few neurons report on large and small parts of the image patch, but many neurons report visual information from medium-sized areas. I show here that having different numbers of neurons responsible for image regions of different sizes actually carries out a computation: Edges in the image patch are extracted. I also explain how this edge-detection computation is done.
Supplementary Material of “ Observational-Interventional Priors for Dose-Response Learning ”

In this Supplementary Material, we discuss: i. a detailed explanation of our synthetic data generation protocol; ii. a detailed explanation of our preprocessing of the Infant Health and Development Program dataset; iii. an illustration of active learning using our approach; iv. an illustrative comparison of our method against existing methods for deep Gaussian processes in the literature; v. details of the Gibbs sampler. 1 Synthetic Data Generator We generate data from a multivariate distribution where X is the treatment, Y is the outcome, and Z are covariates that cause X and Y . The model for the covariates is Z ∼ N (0,ΣZ), where ΣZ is a correlation matrix with every off-diagonal entry equal to 0.5. The model for X given Z is
UHE Neutrinos with Auger

We explore the neutrino capabilities of the Pierre Auger Observatory at Ultra-High Energy (UHE), beyond 1018 eV. Neutrino events are revealed as nearly horizontal air showers originating deep within the atmosphere. We show that detection of νμ or νe neutrinos is unlikely unless there are unexpectedly strong sources of such particles. However, the detection of ντ events from oscillation of νμ neutrinos produced in the course of intergalactic propagation of UHE cosmic rays is possible.
The Motives of the Patients in Preferring Complementary and Alternative Treatments within the Communication Context

Communication problems between doctors and patients lead to disappointment, nervous breakdown, and anger. As a consequence of this, patients usually get alienated from conventional health services and head towards alternative methods. The study aims to shed light on the attitude of people towards complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and especially investigate the reasons why they go to bonesetters. Survey method was used to collect data. I designed a questionnaire form and sent it to 226 participants living in the city of Konya in Turkey. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 15 software. This study indicated that the most significant incentive for visiting CAM therapists is the recommendation of relatives. The participants mostly utilized providers together with conventional treatment methods. Patients visits CAM providers with various reasons; why such as being shy with doctors, afraid of going to the doctors, assuming that the doctors don’t care about them and don’t pay attention to what do they say about their health problems. Another finding of this study is that there are four reasons that lead people to use CAM practises: "Communication/perception", “Conventional Support”, “trial”, and “dissatisfaction”. CAM providers, in contrast to conventional medical professionals, are perceived as people who are appealing to physical, mental and emotional unity of patients. Patients prefer doctors who inform them as much as possible and behave sincerely. The attitudes of doctors towards patients and their communication skills affect the patients’ preferences.
Competitors Act Examining the threat of product market dynamics on disclosure redactions

This study examines the impact of competition induced by product market dynamics on managers’ decision to redact disclosures in material contracts. Furthermore, we also test whether redactions are effective at defending a firm’s product market competitiveness. We conjecture that predation risk for incumbent increases when rivals are actively repositioning themselves in the product market. This elevated predation risk can increase managers’ incentive to hide disclosures with high proprietary costs. Using redacted disclosures from material contracts to capture firms’ incentives to withhold proprietary information, we find that product market instability and product threat from both new and ex rivals are positively associated with the likelihood of redactions. These results highlight the important effects of product market dynamics on managers’ decisions to redact. Furthermore, this study provides some initial evidence that redacting firms enjoy higher market share growth, higher market power and abnormal returns, likely reflecting that redactions can be effective at helping firms hide value generating activities at its inception stage.
An attempt to improve output voltage quality of developed multi-level inverter topology by increasing the number of levels

In this paper, an improved Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter (CMLI) topology which can be "symmetric" or "asymmetric" is proposed. The improved topology can produce higher number of levels using lower number of components. Higher number of levels leads to generation of a high quality with low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) output voltage waveform. To increase number of voltage levels, two algorithms are proposed for determination of magnitude of dc voltage sources, which are investigated and the most effective one is introduced. To verify operation of proposed topology, it is modeled and simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC software. Proper performance of proposed topology is confirmed by obtained simulation results.