Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estudo da resistência cicatricial cutânea de ratos tratados com fototerapia a laser Study of the strength of healing skin of rats treated with phototherapy in laser

Introduction: Laser therapy has been widely studied for its healing; however, few studies have been developed to evaluate tensile strength after phototherapy. Objective: To analyze voltage scar skin incisions in rats after laser therapy (InGaAlP-670nm). Method: Twenty rats were divided into two groups (placebo/ irradiated), underwent skin incision on the back. The irradiated group received a dose of 6J/cm 2 and in the placebo group the equipment remained off. After sacrifice, three and seven days post-surgery, skin samples were subjected to tensilehistological analysis. Results: It was observed significant difference in breaking strength between groups, decrease in maximum deflection (without statistical expression), reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate and acceleration of fibroplasia and angiogenesis, consistent with increased synthesis of collagen in the area of lesions in the irradiated group. Conclusion: Therapy with low-intensity laser increases the tensile strength of the skin, enhancing tissue repair response, reducing risks of dehiscence and postoperative complications.
Análise da flexibilidade segmentar e prevalência de lesões no futebol segundo faixa etária

Muscle shortening has been associated with asymmetrical posture and Sports Injuries (SI) in soccer players in distinct ages. The objective of the present study was to analyze the joint flexibility, muscle extensibility and the SI prevalence in soccer players according to age: young and adults practitioners. Studied subjects integrated 170 male soccer players from amateurs and professional teams of a sports club from Campo Grande (MS), Brazil. Participants were divided into three age groups: G1 (juvenile), G2 (teenagers) and G3 (adults). To obtain information about injuries, was used a morbidity survey. Anthropometry and clinical tests were performed to analyze the joint flexibility (sit and reach test) and muscle extensibility (Thomas test; Schober test and posture analysis). In relation to SI prevalence, 48 athletes (28.2%) reported SI incidence during two last years, with register of 55 SI; G3 presented 0.68 IS/ athlete, while G2 showed 1.4 IS/injured athlete. Moreover, G2 reported higher degrees of hip flexibility, with range of 26.3±8.0 cm in sit and reach test, and presence of lumbar shortening in response to Schober test. In addition, G3 exhibited greater indexes of muscle shortening in hip flexors, evidenced in Thomas examination. In conclusion, evidences have been showing that professional athletes have presented higher incidence and prevalence of sports injuries. However, muscle shortening scores were more important results in youth soccer players, suggesting a possible interaction between intrinsic and extrinsic as cause of skeletal muscle disturbances in youth athletes.
METAMIZOLE (DIPYRONE) AS AN ADDITIVE TO LIDOCAINE FOR INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL ANESTHESIA İNTRAVENÖZ REJYONAL ANESTEZİDE LİDOKAİNE EKLENEN METAMİZOL (DİPİRON) ORIGINAL RESEARCH / KLİNİK ÇALIŞMA

SUMMARY Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as adjuncts to Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) demonstrated analgesic effect lasting longer than the same parenteral dose. Metamizole is a potent NSAID which demonstrates peripheral analgesic properties as well. However, metamizole has not been previously studied as an additive for IVRA. We therefore tested the hypothesis that addition of metamizole to IVRA solution will decrease pain scores and improve the quality of the block. Material and Method: Seventy five patients undergoing hand surgery were randomly divided into three groups. Similar IVRA solution (lidocaine 3 mg kg -1 diluted with saline to a total volume of 40 ml) was given to all groups. Group L received IVRA solution plus IV saline, Group L/M received IVRA solution and metamizole (500 mg) admixture plus iv saline, and Group ivM received IVRA solution plus iv metamizole (500 mg). Sensory and motor block onset time, tourniquet pain, and analgesic use were assessed during the operation. After tourniquet deflation, pain scores, time to first analgesic requirement, total analgesic consumption in 24 h, and side effects were noted. Results: Pain scores after inflation of tourniquet and postoperative 1 hr was significantly lower in group ivM compared to other groups (p 0.05). Intraoperative fentanyl consumption and postoperative total amount of diclofenac use were similar between groups (p>0.05). There were no statistical differences in onset and recovery of sensory plus motor blocks between the groups (p>0.05). The quality of anesthesia reported by the anesthesiologist, surgeon and patient were similar between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The addition of metamizole to IVRA solution did not provide clinically significant improvement in pain scores and quality of the block.
Rabbit-assisted interventions in a Greek kindergarten

Objective of the study was to confirm efficacy of intervention by means of a rabbit. We studied and recorded reac- tions of pupils and personnel in the presence of a rabbit in a comprehensive-type kindergarten. We selected a group of 39 clini - cally healthy pupils, 2.5- to 4-year-old, who were attending the kindergarten and used relevant weighted questionnaires for pupils and teachers. In the presence of the animal, pupils' ability of socializing, communicating and expressing emotions increased significantly. Teachers also found the results of the intervention particularly positive. It is concluded that rabbit intervention in a public kindergarten is feasible, low cost and does not require specialized personnel. The rabbit is a popular animal, familiar to children, hence the intervention was successful and effective as similar interventions with dogs, providing the chance to children to learn and become accustomed to animals.
Gliflozins or SGLT2 Inhibitors: Still More Questions To Be Answered

Approximately 350 million people have diabetes and only fifteen percent achieve the glycemic target. It is achieved by different drugs targeting liver, intestine, bet cells and adipose tissue. SGLT2 inhibitors are the new em erging group targeting kidney and inhibiting the sodium glucose co transporters h ence renal reabsorption of glucose in proximal renal tubule. In present review we inve stigate SGLT2 inhibitors for their potential role in management of diabetes with focus on their advantages and limitations. We searched pubmed, medline database with the term SGLT, SGLT2 inhibitors, Gliflozins for published research work. Searched articles critically evaluated for information including abstracts. Free accessible full articles and
Fungemia Secondary to Gastrointestinal Mucor indicus Infection

parts of the world [1]. And we appreciate that Yu and Chang provided some unpublished data to strengthen our earlier hypothesis that some K. pneumoniae strains in Taiwan may have characteristics that influence their invasiveness. Many investigators have tried to determine why K. pneumoniae–associated liver abscess is common in Taiwan but not in other countries. K. pneumoniae–associated liver abscess in Taiwan is not caused by a clonal spread strain [13, 14], and the virulence was possibly related to a different serotype or magA-positive virulent gene [14, 15]. The incidence of K. pneumoniae as the causative agent of liver abscess in Taiwan increased from 30% in the 1980s to 88% in the 1990s [16, 17]. As described in the discussion section of our article, the proportion of K. pneumoniae isolates in cases of lung abscess in Taiwan, as diagnosed by examination of transthoracic aspirate specimens, increased from 5% in the late 1980s to 21% in the late 1990s [2]. Yu and Chang [1] mentioned that they found scattered cases of invasive infection caused by virulent strains worldwide (including in the United States) in their unpublished observations. Two studies of liver abscess from the United States recently found that K. pneumoniae–associated liver abscess is an emerging disease [1, 18, 19]. All of these data suggest that the increasing prevalence of invasive K. pneumoniae infection may not only be happening in Taiwan, but it may also occur in other parts of world in upcoming years. This finding deserves attention, because dissemination of these highly virulent K. pneumoniae strains from Taiwan to other countries is not impossible.
Pitfalls of Scaling-up Proven Education Interventions: Evidence from an RCT in Kenya

Contract teachers have been shown to signicantly raise test scores for primary students in previous randomized trials in both Western Kenya (Duo, Dupas and Kremer 2009) and various locations in India (Banerjee, Cole, Duo and Linden 2007, Muralidharan and Sundararaman 2010). We report on the initial, randomized phase of a Kenyan government program to scale-up the contract teacher model by (a) expanding geographically across all eight Kenyan provinces, and (b) shifting implementation from NGOs to the Ministry of Education. Overall, we nd a signicant positive eect
Pharmacokinetics and penetration into tissue fluid of cefepime administered to hyperthermic rabbits

La farmacocinetica serica y tisular de cefepime administrado por via endovenosa (20 mg/kg de peso) fue determinada en conejos sanos, con hipertermia producida por lipopolisacaridos de E. coli e implantados en tejido subcutaneo con cajas para recoleccion de liquido tisular. Diez conejos adultos fueron utilizados en dos experiencias (E1 y E2). Las concentraciones de cefepime en suero (S) y liquido tisular (LT) fueron determinadas por metodo biologico. Para el analisis cinetico se utilizo un modelo no compartimental. Los resultados farmacocineticos (medias ± error estandar) fueron: tiempo medio de eliminacion [t1\2 (E1 S)=1,5±0,2 y (E2 S)=2,0±0,2 h] (p<0,05), area bajo la curva [ABC (E1 S)=181,6±17,5 y (E2 S)=192,3±18,5 (μg/mL/h]; Volumen de distribucion en estado estacionario [Vss (E1S)=0,31±0,05 y (E2 S)=0,69±0,28 L/kg] (p<0,05); aclaramiento serico [CL(E1 S)=118,3±17,7 y (E2 S) =93,1±19,9 (mL/h)kg] (p<0,05); Concentracion maxima [Cmax (E1 LT)= 23,5±3,4 y (E2 LT)= 27,6±3,6 (μg/mL]; tiempo en el que se logra la Cmax [tmax (E1 LT)=2,3±0,4 y (E2 LT)=1,7±0,4 h)]; t1/2 (E1 LT)= 2,4±0,3 y (E2 LT)=3,4±0,3 h (p<0,05); ABC (E1 LT)=122,0±12,7 y (E2 LT)=156,9±13,6 (μg/mL/h). y penetracion [P (E1 LT)=67,3±8,7 y (E2 LT)=88,5±8,7%].
Evaluation of Different Modalities for Prevention of Esophageal Varices Recurrence

Introduction: Esophageal varices are present in 30% of patients with compensated cirrhosis and up to 60% of those with decompensated cirrhosis, Band ligation is the method of choice although injection therapy still has a role in acute bleeding. However varices frequently recur after endoscopic variceal ligation. In view of the unacceptable high rate of recurrence associated with this technique, the availability of other supplemental consolidation therapies is desired. Aim of work: To evaluate and compare different therapeutic approaches used as consolidation therapy including argon plasma coagulator, injection sclerotherapy and B-blockade for their efficacy in prevention of variceal recurrence, recurrent bleeding and complications after eradication by band ligation. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted on 60 patients presented with 1 st attack of upper GIT bleeding, after history taking and physical examination, band ligation of varices was done till obliteration where the patients were classified into 3 groups; group I (20 patients) received argon plasma; group II (20 patients) received paravariceal sclerotherapy with ethanolamine and group III (20 patients) received propranolol. All patients were followed up for 1 year with endoscopy performed every 3 months to check for variceal recurrence. Results: Argon plasma coagulation had the least recurrence rate as compared to other groups (P 0.05). there was no significant difference between Child's A and B class regarding recurrence. The recurrence was statistically related to P.V diameter in groups II fever significantly occurred in group I while exertional dypsnea occurred in group III. Conclusion: Argon plasma coagulation is a safe and effective consolidation therapy following band ligation in prevention of variceal recurrence, recurrent bleeding in comparison with paravariceal sclerotherapy with ethanolamine oleate and use of beta blockers therapy, but is relatively expensive method. (Mohamed M. Abdel-Aal, Sahar G. Zaghloul, Mahmoud A. Ashour and Hoda Abdel-aziz El-hady. Evaluation of Different Modalities for Prevention of Esophageal Varices Recurrence. J Am Sci 2012;8(6):408-416). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org . 51
Eeefct of body fat percentage on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in young adults of Indian population

BACKGROUND : Obesity impairs quality of life by causing various hazardous effects on respiratory functions of an individual along with other medical complications OBJECTIVES :. The objective of the study was to evaluate effect of body fat percentage on PEFR in young adults of Indian population.120 students of 18-25 years age group who had no lung disease were recruited. Their age, sex, height, weight were recorded and BMI was calculated. Accordingly 60 students with BMI 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m 2 constituted study group and 60 students with BMI 18.5- 24.9 kg/m 2 constituted control group. Skinfold thickness was calculated using 4-site method (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) with the help of Skinfold Caliper. Body fat percentage was calculated by using Durnin and Womersley method. METHODS : PEFR was recorded by computerised spirometry. The statistical analysis was done using appropriate tests. CONCLUSION :The study group presented with lower values of PEFR than control group. Moreover PEFR was having strong negative correlation with body fat percentage. The effect of body fat percentage on PEFR indicates that independently obesity affects expiratory flow volume and pulmonary mechanics of an individual.
Patient-Physician Communicative Patterns, Physicians’ Job Satisfaction, and Patients’ Satisfaction: The Case of a Hospital in Isfahan

Background and purpose: Now-a-days, patient satisfaction is increasingly receiving the attention of health-service providers, which is a necessary step to enhance the quality of health services. The present study aimed at exploring patient-physician communicative patterns, physicians’ job satisfaction, and patients’ satisfaction at Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive analytical and cross-sectional survey in the summer of 2010. Simple random sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected through using three self-designed questionnaires on physicians’ job satisfaction, patient-physician relationship patterns (based on Hollander and Szase’ ideas), and patients’ satisfaction. Validity of the questionnaire was checked by a panel of experts. Furthermore, internal consistency reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.80). Different dimensions of the job satisfaction questionnaire were salary, supervision, setting, promotion, fringe benefits, and working conditions. Data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows 13.0 software. Results: The mean score of patient-physician relationship was 63. Therefore, the most frequent patient-physician communication pattern was guidance-cooperation. The mean score of physician’ job satisfaction was 50.2. The mean score of patients’ satisfaction was 86.5. Physicians’ job satisfaction was found to be related to patient-physician communication pattern (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Although patient-physician communication patterns are important, different variable such as patients’ and physicians’ satisfaction influence the patterns. Furthermore, improvement communication process between health care providers can be useful in the increasing patient satisfaction and patient quality of care. [Yaghoubi M, *Rahmati-Najarkolaei F. Patient-Physician Communicative Patterns, Physicians’ Job Satisfaction, and Patients’ Satisfaction: The Case of a Hospital in Isfahan. IJHS 2014; 2(2): 37-44] http://jhs.mazums. ac.ir
Air Pollution Epidemiological Studies in South Africa: Need for Freshening Up

The results of epidemiologic studies obtained in developed countries cannot be extrapolated with complete confidence to developing countries. The objectives of this review were to examine the evidence from local studies for associations between air pollution and adverse health along with a critical review for methodologic limitations. The literature search strategy and selection criteria involved a MEDLINE search up to June 2005. Of 267 journal articles found, 14 focused on air pollution epidemiology (excluding active smoking and internal dose as a proxy for health outcomes). Two studies were also located by word of mouth or through the references from the selected studies. The local studies provide some evidence of an association with a range of serious and common health problems. No study established an exposure-response curve for the criteria pollutants carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, lead, and ozone. Therefore, using the results of such studies in risk-assessment is impossible. The studies were fraught with systematic and random errors, which limit their validity and precision. We recommend conducting a quantitative intervention study with an analytical study design in all major cities in the countries where residents are still using dirty fuels for cooking, lighting, and space heating. Future studies must involve national and international multidisciplinary stakeholders and must be planned well in advance.
Clinical Aspects of Fatty Liver Disease at a Tertiary Medical Center in Bogotá from 2009 to 2013

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or simply fatty liver, is a major cause of hepatic disease worldwide: its prevalence is approximately 30% in adults. In our environment the clinical charac- teristics of these patients are not known. Methodology: This was a descriptive and retrospective review of medical records from January 1, 2009 to May 31, 2013 of 266 patients diagnosed with fatty liver disease in the hepatology outpatient service at the Clinica Universitaria Colombia. Results: Of the 266 patients included in this study, 52.3 % were men and 47.7 % were women. The mean age at diagnosis was 51.6 years. The most frequently found antecedent of importance to the development of NAFLD was dyslipidemia which was found in 113 patients (42.5 %). 127 (47.8%) patients had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and 108 (40.6%) had simple steatosis. Thirty-one patients (11.6%) had cirrhosis which was classified according to CHILD scale: 22 (70.9%) were classified as A, 8 (25.8%) were classified as B, and one (3.2 %) was classified as C. Liver biopsies were taken from 31 patients (11.6%). Conclusions: Elements of metabolic syndrome, especially dyslipidemia, are often identified in our patients with FLD. Since most of these patients are in early stages of the disease with a low percentage of cirrhotic patients, it may be that the disease progresses more slowly in our environment than elsewhere. This is a hypothesis that should be validated in other studies.
Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) As Predictors of Performance on Work-Based Placements

In view of its social justice policy, London Metropolitan University (LMU) actively encourages applicants from non-traditional backgrounds, therefore attracting a high percentage of mature students, many of whom have been out of formal education for several years or who are returning to education via science access courses. The aim of introducing OSCEs prior to the second of 3 placements was to assess the students’ communication skills, as this had been identified as an area of weakness by the practice educators. OSCEs were introduced at LMU in the spring of 2007 for all undergraduate and postgraduate students due to undertake placement B later in that academic year. Students who failed the OSCE would be counselled on how to improve their communication skills prior to attempting their placements. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that OSCEs are a reliable predictor of performance on placement.
Clinic and laboratory analysis of patients with hepatitis delta in Amazon region, Brazil

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that needs the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). In Br azil, endemic areas correspond to Western Amazon States, i ncluding Rondonia state. Preliminary data shows that Hepatitis D in Brazil seems to be more se vere as compared to other regions; however, there are few studies to reinforce this observational evi dence. The current study reports results from a clinical and laboratory analysis for chronic hepati tis delta patients followed in a Hepatology outpati ent service in Brazilian Amazon Basin. We reviewed and an alyzed a series of cases for all HDV patients’ medical files from November 1993 to September 2010. All patients had positive anti-HDV IgG serology and had clinical follow-up documented in their file s. A clinical and epidemiological questionnaire was used to collect information, including laboratory a nd treatment data. Data from 141 patients was collected, but only 77 patients were selected becau se they had regular follow-up. Fifty patients (64.9 %) were male with a mean age of 32 (6 to 57 years old) and 16 patients (20%) were considered Amerindian. Leukopenia was detected in 28 patients (36.7%). ALT level was above the upper normal in more than half of the patients. Seven (16.4%) had cirrhosis, 9 (20.9%) had F0 and the rest had different stages of fibrosis in liver biopsy. Twelve patients (16%) pre sented with chronic hepatic disease without portal hypertension in Ultrasonographie. 22 (84.6%) used I nterferon as monotherapy, 3 (11.5%) used lamividine as monotherapy and 1patient received a c ombination of lamivudine with Interferon. In Amazonia, the diagnosis is often delayed and advance d liver disease observed in young patients. These results indicate an imperative requirement to intensify education and prevention campaigns focused on the early diagnosis of this neglected di sease.
A Comparative Study on Prevalence of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight in Iranians and Afghans Races in Rafsanjan Nik-Nafs Hospital in 2011-2012

هدیکچ فده و هنیمز : مهم لماوع ناونع هب دلوت ماگنه مک نزو و سران دلوت گرم و م ی ر ،یلماکت تلالاتخا ، و يدازون ضراوع يراوخریش یم حرطم دنشاب . نآ زا هورگ رد یتشادهب ياهدمایپ هک ییاج یموق ياه تسا توافتم يداژن یمک تاعلاطا و رد هنیمز نیا رد رد نزو مک و سران نادازون دلوت تیعضو یسررب فده اب هعلاطم نیا ،دراد دوجو روشک یناغفا و یناریا داژن تسا هدش ماجنا . شور و داوم اه : یعطقم هعلاطم نیا يور رب 5925 یناغفا و یناریا هدنز دازون هاگشیاز لاس رد ناجنسفر سفن کین 1390 تفرگ ماجنا . هداد زا تاعلاطا هدنورپ رد دوجوم ياه یکشزپ كرادم دحاو ینامیاز ياه هاگشیاز عمج دش يروآ . دلوت كلام زا رتمک یگلماح نس ،هعلاطم نیا رد سران 37 نزو مک قلاطا كلام و يرادراب هتفه زا رتمک دلوت عقوم نزو ،ی 2500 مرگ تسا . هداد لیلحت تهج نومزآ زا اه يرامآ ياه t دیدرگ هدافتسا رشیف قیقد نومزآ و ياک روذجم ،لقتسم . هتفای اه : دادعت 5532 دازون ) 4 / 93 (% و یناریا 393 دازون ) 6 / 6 (% دندوب یناغفا . سران دلوت عویش نازیم هعلاطم نیا رد 5 / 7 % ) 447 رفن ( دوب یناریا دیلاوم نیب رد نازیم نیا هک يروط هب ، 1 / 7 ) % 391 رفن ( یناغفا دیلاوم نیب رد و 5 / 14 ) % 56 رفن ( دش هدهاشم ) 001 / 0 < p . ( رضاح هعلاطم رد ینزو مک عویش نازیم 7 ) % 416 رفن ( دوب یناریا دیلاوم نیب رد نازیم نیا هک 7 / 6 ) % 367 رفن ( یناغفا دیلاوم رد و 7 / 12 ) % 49 رفن ( د هب دمآ تس ) 001 / 0 < p . ( هجیتن يریگ : نازیم ندوب لااب هب هجوت اب دلوت ياه یم رظن هب ،یناغفا نارجاهم نیب رد نزو مک و سران ًلاامتحا و داژن دسر همیب تامدخ دوبن نوچ یلماوع یعامتجا حطس و یتشادهب تامدخ هب یسرتسد دوبمک ،بسانم يا نییاپ يداصتقا نارجاهم ناغفا ثأت لماوع زا دنشاب شیازفا نیا رب راذگری . هژاو يدیلک ياه : یناغفا ،یناریا ،داژن ،ینزو مک ،سران دلوت