Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-frequency parasitic currents in inverter-fed induction motor drives

The paper deals with the numerical modeling of a pulse-width modulated voltage IGBT or IGCT inverter-fed induction motor drive for the common and differential current modes. The proposed model of the drive respects the influence of the feeding cable described by the lumped or distributed parameters. The theoretical analysis is supplemented by results of relevant simulations and experiments. Evaluated are also the frequency characteristics of selected parts of the system and their contributions to its resultant harmonic spectra.
Improving torque per kilogram magnet of permanent magnet couplings using finite element analysis

This paper presents the methodology and subsequent findings of a performance-improvement routine that employs automated finite element (FE) analysis to increase the torque-per-kilogram-magnet (TPKM) of a permanent magnet coupling (PMC). The routine is applied to a commercially available cylindrical PMC with rectangular permanent magnets (PM), and a new design is discovered which increases TPKM by 15.6%. Furthermore, the study is repeated using concave/convex-shaped PMs, which results in an increase of TPKM of 57.6%. The FE models are validated against experimental measurements of the static torque-performance of the PMC selected for design improvements. The new designs are constrained such that they do not inflict any significant changes to the manufacturing process of the investigated PMC. The routine is found to be readily implementable for investigating existing PMC designs.
Control of Schwann Cell Survival and Proliferation: Autocrine Factors and Neuregulins

Postnatal rat Schwann cells secrete factors that prevent the programmed cell death (PCD) of low-density Schwann cells in serum-free culture. These autocrine survival signal(s) do not promote Schwann cell proliferation. Moreover, while NRG and bFGF, which promote proliferation, both rescue a subpopulation of neonatal Schwann cells from PCD, they do not rescue freshly isolated Schwann cells from older animals; other known protein factors tested also do not mimic the autocrine signal. These results suggest that Schwann cells switch their survival dependency around the time of birth from axonal signals such as NRG to autocrine signals. Such an arrangement would be advantageous for the regeneration of peripheral axons following injury. We also compared NRG-induced Schwann cell proliferation using autocrine signals or serum to promote survival. The autocrine signals increase the rate of NRG-stimulated proliferation of low-density Schwann cells in serum-free medium, whereas serum inhibits proliferation by inhibiting both the production of survival signals and the expression of erbB2 and erbB3 receptors; these inhibitions are all reversed by forskolin. In contrast, forskolin has no effect on proliferation when the cells are exposed to high levels of autocrine factors.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Gallbladders of Experimentally Infected Calves

Fifteen weaned calves (age 89–141 days) were treated with dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg, IV) for 3 days before, the day of, and the day after inoculation with 10 colony-forming units of either Escherichia coli O157:H7 (strain 86–24, which produces Shiga toxin 2 and intimin; n = 13) or nonpathogenic E. coli (strain 123, which does not produce Shiga toxin or intimin; n = 2). All calves were necropsied 4 days after inoculation. Histologic lesions of attaching and effacing bacteria were observed in the large intestine (12/13) and in the gallbladder mucosa (5/13) of calves inoculated with E. coli 86–24. Cholecystitis was present in 12 of 13 calves that received E. coli 86–24. Inoculum bacteria were recovered from the distal colons or feces (13/13) and gallbladders (3/4) of calves inoculated with 86–24.
Stable Isotopic Analyses of Interstitial Gases in Quaternary Sediments from the Gulf of California

The origin of the interstitial gases of Hole 479 is bacterial. This is indicated by a positive correlation of the C concentration in interstitial methane and CO2 in the shallower depths of the hole. Below a depth of 100 meters, the interstitial CO2 becomes increasingly depleted in carbon-13, which indicates a higher rate of CO2-producing decarboxylation reactions rather than a consumption of CO2 for methane production. Alternatively, dolomite formation could account for an increasing depletion of the interstitial CO2. The interstitial gases in Holes 481 and 481A strongly reflect the thermal influence of the dolerite sill. Above the sill, carbon-13 values of -52% and C2/C, ratios of 10~ 2 indicate thermogenically formed hydrocarbon gases. Below the sill, less thermogenic gas formation suggests that convective, rather than conductive, heat transport operated after the sill intruded the wet sediments.
Decision-making capacity and informed consent.

Every state requires informed consent prior to certain interventions with the exception of life-threatening emergencies. However, the legal definitions of informed consent and capacity can vary. The law of jurisdiction determines the amount of information the patient must be provided with in order to consent to an intervention. Capacity is the ability to perform a task. A patient may have the capacity to consent to an intervention, but may lack the capacity to refuse it.
Genetic drift vs. natural selection in a long‐term small isolated population: major histocompatibility complex class II variation in the Gulf of California endemic porpoise (Phocoena sinus)

Although many studies confirm long‐term small isolated populations (e.g. island endemics) commonly sustain low neutral genetic variation as a result of genetic drift, it is less clear how selection on adaptive or detrimental genes interplay with random forces. We investigated sequence variation at two major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) class II loci on a porpoise endemic to the upper Gulf of California, México (Phocoena sinus, or vaquita). Its unique declining population is estimated around 500 individuals. Single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed one putative functional allele fixed at the locus DQB (n = 25). At the DRB locus, we found two presumed functional alleles (n = 29), differing by a single nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution that could increase the stability at the dimer interface of αβ‐heterodimers on heterozygous individuals. Identical trans‐specific DQB1 and DRB1 alleles were identified between P. sinus and its closest relative, the Burmeister's porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis). Comparison with studies on four island endemic mammals suggests fixation of one allele, due to genetic drift, commonly occurs at the DQA or DQB loci (effectively neutral). Similarly, deleterious alleles of small effect are also effectively neutral and can become fixed; a high frequency of anatomical malformations on vaquita gave empirical support to this prediction. In contrast, retention of low but functional polymorphism at the DRB locus was consistent with higher selection intensity. These observations indicated natural selection could maintain (and likely also purge) some crucial alleles even in the face of strong and prolonged genetic drift and inbreeding, suggesting long‐term small populations should display low inbreeding depression. Low levels of Mhc variation warn about a high susceptibility to novel pathogens and diseases in vaquita.
The many faces of the tumor suppressor gene APC.

Inactivation of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein is a critical early step in the development of familial and sporadic colon cancer. Close examination of the function of APC has shown that it is a multifunctional protein involved in a wide variety of processes, including regulation of cell proliferation, cell migration, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization, and chromosomal stability. Tantalizing clues to the different functions of APC have been provided by the identification of proteins interacting with several discrete motifs within APC. Each of these putative functions could link APC inactivation with tumorigenesis. Here, we will summarize recent findings regarding the diverse role of APC. We will emphasize the interaction of APC with different binding partners, the role of these complex interactions for normal functioning of the cell, and how disruption of these interactions may play a role in tumor development. The rapid progress made recently shows the many faces of APC, leading to a constant reappreciation of this multitasking tumor suppressor protein.
Tetrahedral aminopeptidase: a novel large protease complex from archaea

A dodecameric protease complex with a tetrahedral shape (TET) was isolated from Haloarcula marismortui, a salt‐loving archaeon. The 42 kDa monomers in the complex are homologous to metal‐binding, bacterial aminopeptidases. TET has a broad aminopeptidase activity and can process peptides of up to 30–35 amino acids in length. TET has a central cavity that is accessible through four narrow channels (<17 Å wide) and through four wider channels (21 Å wide). This architecture is different from that of all the proteolytic complexes described to date that are made up by rings or barrels with a single central channel and only two openings.
Cricopharyngeal Botox injection: indications and technique

Purpose of reviewBotulinum injection is a widespread technique for treating oropharyngeal dysphagia although there are no standards or guidelines. Based on the literature review we try to make some recommendations. Recent findingsIn the last 12 months molecular and pharmacological research has reported the working mechanism of the various botulinum toxin types which tries to explain former clinical observations such as variable response rate and therefore dosage, and toxin type specific resistance. Recent dose-ranging studies or comparisons of different toxin preparations or types rarely focus on oropharyngeal dysphagia. SummaryInjection of botulinum toxin A should be considered in cases of relative hypertonicity of the cricopharyngeal muscle and has an onset around day 7 and an offset of at least 4 months. The technique is simple and the complication rate is extremely low (7/100). There are some conditions for success: injection in the horizontal part of the cricopharyngeal muscle, and a high enough start dose. Botulinum injection may be preferred over surgical myotomy because of the low risk, low cost and effectiveness of the procedure. Only in cases of BoNT/A resistance should other toxin types be used.
Genetic epidemiology of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The frequency of different CMT genotypes has been estimated in clinic populations, but prevalence data from the general population is lacking. Point mutations in the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) gene has been identified exclusively in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2), and in a single family with intermediate CMT. MFN2 point mutations are probably the most common cause of CMT2. The CMT phenotype caused by mutation in the myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene varies considerably, from early onset and severe forms to late onset and milder forms. The mechanism is not well understood. The myelin protein zero (P0) mediates adhesion in the spiral wraps of the Schwann cell's myelin sheath. X‐linked Charcot‐Marie Tooth disease (CMTX) is caused by mutations in the connexin32 (cx32) gene that encodes a polypeptide which is arranged in hexameric array and form gap junctions.
Supporting Crisis Management via Detection of Sub-Events in Social Networks

Social networks provide the opportunity to gather and share knowledge about a situation of relevance. Usergenerated content is getting increasingly important during crisis management. It facilitates the collaboration with citizens or involved parties from the very beginning of the crisis. The information captured in the form of images, text or videos is a valuable source for identifying sub-events of a crisis. In this study, the authors use metadata of images and videos collected from Flickr and YouTube to extract crisis sub-events. The authors investigate the suitability of clustering techniques to detect sub-events. In particular two algorithms are evaluated on several data sets related to crisis situations. The results show the high potential of the proposed approach. In addition, the authors validate the idea of sub-event detection for the authors’ future research based on a survey conducted among practitioners. Their responses show the potential of using social media in combination with sub-event detection during emergency management. Supporting Crisis Management via Detection of Sub-Events in Social Networks
Extracting moving objects from a video by sequential background detection employing a local correlation map

This paper describes a technique for extracting moving objects from a video image sequence taken by a fixed or slowly moving camera by background subtraction. The background subtraction method is effective for extracting moving objects from a video provided by a fixed camera. But the latest background image should be employed for the subtraction in order not to be influenced by the light intensity change. A temporal median filter is proposed in this paper which detects the latest background images sequentially. From a video image stream provided by a slowly moving camera, the camera motion is estimated using a registration algorithm and the temporal median filter is applied to the common image area among a set of successive image frames to extract the background. In order that the camera motion estimation may become more exact effective, local correlation maps are calculated which can exclude outliers in estimated motion vectors. The technique was applied to the video images obtained from a hand-held camera and those taken from a camera set at the front seat of a car, and satisfactory results were obtained.
A risk analysis information model with uncertainty for flood hazard of dam-break

Risk analysis for flood hazard due to dam break is complex system problem. An information model for integrated complex factors of the system is useful for dam break risk analysis. Firstly multiple factors are analyzed using scenario analysis method, including factors and their uncertainty in environmental, engineering operation and hazard consequences. Then an information model of risk analysis for hazard risk body is presented, which includes shallow wave equation and cellular automaton method for flood affected extent, probability model for loss of human and property, and evidence theory for vulnerability assessment of human in hazard extent. Finally an information model framework of hazard risk analysis is given.
Single breath transfer factor measured concurrently by two methods in asthmatic and normal subjects

Haydu, S.P. (1974). Thorax, 29, 232-236. Single breath transfer factor measured concurrently by two methods in asthmatic and normal subjects. There have been conflicting reports that the single breath transfer factor for carbon monoxide in asthma may be normal, high or low. To resolve this point the single breath transfer factor was measured in comparable groups of asthmatic and normal subjects. Two methods of calculating the alveolar volume were used, employing multiple breath helium dilution (giving Tl) and single breath helium dilution (giving Tl′). A higher value was found for Tl than for Tl′ in the asthmatic subjects but a lower value for Tl than Tl′ in the normal subjects. These differences were significant. The largest differences were found in the asthmatic subjects with a large residual volume. There was no significant difference between the asthmatic and normal subjects in the value of Tl and Tl′. As the reports of a raised transfer factor were from workers who used Tl, and this was not confirmed by those who used Tl′, it is concluded that this apparent difference between normal and asthmatic subjects can be explained in some cases by the difference in the methods used.
A Peer Assessment-Based Mobile Learning Approach of Science Course: A Case Study

With the development of technology, mobile deviceis becoming more and more popular, which encouraged anincreasing number of researches about mobile learning. Students could study breaking through the limitations oftime and space. This study proposed a peerassessment-based mobile learning approach to improve thelearning achievement of students. To evaluate theeffectiveness of the proposed learning approach, anexperiment was conducted in an elementary school. The experiment group learned with peer assessment-basedmobile learning approach, the control group learned withteacher assessment-based mobile learning approach. Theresults show that the proposed learning approach couldimprove students' learning achievement effectively, andmotivate students' learning interest.
Recursive independent component analysis for online blind source separation

This study proposes and evaluates a recursive algorithm for incremental estimation of independent components from on-line data. The algorithm offers the convergence properties of batch independent component analysis (ICA) with incremental updates of a form similar to natural gradient (NG) on-line information maximization (Infomax). We employ recursive procedure to arrive at steady state solution given by NG Infomax. Furthermore, we propose a novel procedure to compute corrective updates on the basis of previous estimates. Implementation of this algorithm incurs linear complexity in data size, input dimensions, and number of estimated independent components. Significant gains in convergence rate over on-line natural gradient ICA are demonstrated.
Enzymes on microbial pathogens and Trichomonas vaginalis: molecular mimicry and functional diversity

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Roles of rpoN, fliA,and flgR in Expression of Flagella inCampylobacter jejuni

ABSTRACT Three potential regulators of flagellar expression present in the genome sequence of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168, the genes rpoN, flgR, andfliA, which encode the alternative sigma factor ς54, the ς54-associated transcriptional activator FlgR, and the flagellar sigma factor ς28, respectively, were investigated for their role in global regulation of flagellar expression. The three genes were insertionally inactivated inC. jejuni strains NCTC 11168 and NCTC 11828. Electron microscopic studies of the wild-type and mutant strains showed that therpoN and flgR mutants were nonflagellate and that the fliA mutant had truncated flagella. Immunoblotting experiments with the three mutants confirmed the roles of rpoN, flgR, and fliA in the expression of flagellin.
Pathogenicity and biotechnological applications of the genus Burkholderia

Bacteria belonging to the genus Burkholderia are well known for their adaptability to habitats as diverse as freshwater sediments, lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and plant tissues. This genus includes also plant, animal and human pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia glumae, Burkholderia pseudomallei and the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Over the past few years, several newly discovered non-pathogenic plant associated Burkholderia species have raised particular interest for their potential use in plant growth promotion, biocontrol of plant pathogens, phytoremediation and xenobiotics degradation. Highlights from recent studies on the taxonomy, ecology and pathogenicity of different species of the Burkholderia genus are presented with the aim to evaluate their potential use in biotechnology.
Transformation by the v-fms oncogene product: role of glycosylational processing and cell surface expression

The effect of glycosylational-processing inhibitors on the synthesis, cell surface expression, endocytosis, and transforming function of the v-fms oncogene protein (gp140fms) was examined in McDonough feline sarcoma virus-transformed Fischer rat embryo (SM-FRE) cells. Swainsonine (SW), a mannosidase II inhibitor, blocked complete processing, but an abnormal v-fms protein containing hybrid carbohydrate structures was expressed on the cell surface. SW-treated SM-FRE cells retained the transformed phenotype. In contrast, two glucosidase I inhibitors (castanospermine [CA] and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin [MdN]) blocked carbohydrate remodeling at an early stage within the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented cell surface expression of v-fms proteins. CA-treated SM-FRE cells reverted to the normal phenotype. Neither SW, CA, nor MdN affected either endocytosis or the tyrosine kinase activity associated with the v-fms gene product in vitro. These results demonstrate the necessity of carbohydrate processing for cell surface expression of the v-fms gene product and illustrate the unique ability to modulate the transformed state of SM-FRE cells with the glycosylational-processing inhibitors CA and MdN.
A new opportunistic routing scheme in low duty-cycle WSNs for monitoring infrequent events

In this paper, we address opportunistic routing in low-duty cycle wireless sensor networks. Such a design must take an opportunistic approach in order to cope with the unpredictable appearance of wireless links. In fact, topology-based routing approaches are ineffective in this context. Our main objective is to maximize the network lifespan while guaranteeing i) the routing of packets to the sink and ii) acceptable end-to-end delays. We propose a new geographical opportunistic cross-layer scheme based on an asynchronous sender-oriented MAC protocol. The proposal sets the priority of selecting the next hop, among all potential candidates, according to its closeness to the sink. The next hop is elected through a selection process based on signalling bursts. The performance evaluation of our proposal is carried out both by an analytical model and simulations. The approach is evaluated in terms of i) probability of packet delivery to the sink, ii) number of hops per path and iii) end-to-end packet delay from the source to the sink.