Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Measurement on the I2P Network

The I2P network has been widely used to protect user privacy via an open network of onion routers run by volunteers. To the best of our knowledge, the behavior of peers in the I2P network has not been well investigated in the existing researches. In this paper, we first present a simple and effective way to collect peers in the I2P network. Each day over 82% peers has been collected compared to the statistics from the statistics web site. With the data collected, we perform an empirical evaluation, revealing the phenomenon about IP address aliasing and identity aliasing. As identity aliasing makes bad impact on the availability and anonymity of the I2P network, we introduce family concept into the I2P network to mitigate the impact.
Expression du potentiel laitier en race prim'holstein : caractérisation des résultats et pratiques de 49 élevages bretons à fort potentiel laitier et effets troupeau lait extrêmes

La variabilite de l'expression de la genetique laitiere en race Prim'holstein nous a amene a etudier la situation des elevages bretons en terme d'index lait et d'effet troupeau. L'objectif etait d'etudier les pratiques et les resultats techniques et economiques dans deux strategies de valorisation de la genetique laitiere ainsi que d'explorer les facteurs d'explication eventuels (conduite, alimentation du troupeau notamment). Dans cette population, une sous-population d'elevages a ete ciblee car en avance de 3-4 ans sur l'index INEL (Index economique laitier) par rapport a la moyenne bretonne (environ + 20 en INEL en 2002 vs. + 7 pour la moyenne bretonne). A l'interieur de ce groupe, deux sous-groupes se caracterisant par un effet troupeau lait extreme ont ete etudies. Le premier sous-groupe se caracterise par une pleine expression du potentiel lait (effet troupeau lait 2002 = +2354 kg) alors que le deuxieme groupe se situe dans une situation de sous-expression du potentiel (effet troupeau lait 2002 = -131 kg). L'ecart de production laitiere s'eleve a 2100 kg entre les deux groupes. L'alimentation explique une partie de cet ecart (niveau de complementation, rationnement des animaux). Cependant si les systemes fourragers sont voisins, la maitrise de la conduite et les choix en terme d'intensification du systeme sont differents. En terme de performances de reproduction, les resultats sont identiques et moins bons que la moyenne regionale. Les donnees economiques (EBE, marge brute.) laissent apparaitre des resultats meilleurs pour le groupe expression du potentiel lait mais les deux populations etudiees presentent des performances economiques plus faibles que les moyennes regionales, notamment sur les charges operationnelles telles que le cout alimentaire ou les frais veterinaires. Enfin, la variabilite intra-groupe etant aussi forte que la variabilite inter-groupe, la question de la pertinence de l'effet troupeau lait comme facteur discriminant les politiques d'elevage choisies par les eleveurs est soulevee.
The laboratory mouse

Important Biological Features Introduction Stocks and Strains Nomenclature Behavior Anatomic and Physiologic Features Normative Values Hematology Immunodeficient Mice Wild Mice References Husbandry Housing Barriers and Containment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Special Considerations for Immunodeficient Mice Environment Sanitation and Pest Control Nutrition Water Breeding Identification and Record Keeping Transportation References Management Regulatory Agencies and Compliance Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Occupational Health and Zoonotic Diseases References Clinical Medicine Basic Veterinary Supplies Physical Examination of the Mouse Common Spontaneous and Noninfectious Diseases Common Infectious Diseases Treatment and Supportive Care of Sick Mice Clinical Endpoints Treating Disease on a Colony Basis References Preventive Medicine Receiving Testing of Biological Materials Health Surveillance and Monitoring Disease Prevention through Sanitation References Experimental Methodology Restraint Sampling Methods Compound Administration Phenotyping Anesthesia and Analgesia Euthanasia Necropsy References Resources and Additional Information Organizations Publications Electronic Resources Appendix A: Glossary of Phenotyping Terminology and Tests Appendix B: Suggested Cassette Numbering System and Some Trimming Suggestions Index
Is 3 Weeks of Exercise Enough to Change Blood Pressure and Cardiac Redox State in Hypertensive Rats?

Abstract The investigation was aimed to evaluate the effects of 3-weeks swimming exercise on blood pressure and redox status in high-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Male Wistar albino rats (n=40, 6 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups: 1. hypertensive rats that swam for 3 weeks; 2. sedentary hypertensive control rats; 3. normotensive rats that swam for 3 weeks; 4. sedentary normotensive control rats. Hypertensive animals were on high concentrated sodium (8% NaCl) solution for 4 weeks (period of induction of hypertension). After sacrificing, hearts were isolated and perfused according to Langendorff technique at gradually increased coronary per-fusion pressure from 40–120 cmH2O. The oxidative stress markers were determined in coronary venous effluent: the index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), nitrites (NO2−), superoxide anion radical (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Swimming did not lead to significant changes in levels of TBARS, NO2−, O2− in any of compared groups while levels of H2O2 were significantly higher in swimming hyper-tensive group comparing to swimming normotensive group at coronary perfusion pressure of 80–120 cmH2O. Our results indicate that the short-term swimming start to reduce blood pressure. In addition it seems that this type of swimming duration does not promote cardiac oxidative stress damages.
S84 Childhood incident asthma and physical activity: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis with heterogeneity assessments

Introduction and Objectives Physical activity (PA) has been found to be associated with prevalent childhood asthma but evidence from cross-sectional studies is inconclusive; demonstrating both positive and negative associations of PA with asthma. The aim of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyse the literature on PA and incident or “new-onset” childhood asthma. Methods Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles on the associations between PA and asthma, restricted to age group 0–18 years and publications 1995–2010. PA was searched by 'physical fitness, exercise, physical exertion' and asthma additionally qualified by FEV1, BHR, EIA, EIB, exercise test and wheeze. Summary ORs and 95% CIs were estimated by random and fixed effect models. The robustness was explored by subgroup (ethnicity) and sensitivity (cut-point alteration) analysis. Results Twenty-seven articles were included in the systematic review which comprised nine longitudinal, 15 cross-sectional, one case-control, and two review studies. Five studies featured longitudinal observations and were included in the meta-analysis (total participants n=12 889; total new-onset asthma n=912). Meta-analysis of these studies showed the following associations of high PA with new-onset asthma: Random effect model: OR (95% CI) 0.854 (0.713; 1.023) (Abstract S84 Figure 1) and fixed effect model: 0.909 (0.855; 0.967). I-squared=62.7% (both models). Abstract S84 Figure 1 Random effect meta-analysis of physical activity (PA) and new-onset childhood asthma. Conclusion The results of this review did support some inverse association between high levels of PA and asthma development in children. However, a limited number of eligible studies were identified and considerable heterogeneity was present.
Cues extraction and hierarchical HMM based events inference in soccer video

This paper proposed a systematical framework to address the essential problem, the semantic gap between extractable lowlevel features and meaningful high-level semantics, in content-based retrieval. Low-level features, which can be directly extracted from video streams, are color histogram, inter-frame differences, edges, etc. Theoretically, it is possible to detect events from these features based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) or dynamical Bayesian networks (DBNs), but, in practice, the models are too complicate to be built and to be trained. This paper proposed to employ cues as a middle stone to bridge the gap between the low-level features and the highlevel events. Cues have two salient characteristics: they hold causality with the events, and they can be deduced from features or extracted from video streams. Based on this idea, a systematical framework is constructed to analysis soccer videos, which is selected as a test bed for the fact that events (i.e. shoot event, foul event, and normal process) can be clearly defined in soccer game. First of all, the input video stream is segmented to shots based on the features directly extracted from videos; secondly, se-mantic cues, such as slow motion replay, face of player, caption, goalmouth, shot frequency, etc., are deduced or extracted from the shots; thirdly, three HMMs are built and trained to infer the three events from cues. In general video streams contain more than one event, thus an unavoidable problem is shots should be group to sets, in which there is only one event, for HMM-based events inference. In other words, shots should be appropriately grouped into sets of shots, so that the input observation sequences (a set of shots) fed into HMMs fit at least one of the models. Due to this self-enwound control structure, a hierarchical HMM (HHMM) is employed to group shots and to recognize events simultaneously in video stream. The experiments show the system is effective and robust in inferring events from roughly deduced or extracted cues.
Analyse statistique pour la classification des pages Web

Depuis le debut des annees 90, la possibilite d'acces au Web pour un large public, entraine la proliferation des informations et souvent une certaine redondance. La disponibilite de masses volumineuses d'informations doit etre soutenue par des outils d'acces efficaces et ergonomiques. Plusieurs travaux ont ete developpes dans ce cadre[1], [2]. Dans le cas precis du Web, les moteurs de recherche retournent habituellement une liste lineaire contenant des milliers de pages susceptibles de repondre aux besoins en information exprimes par l'utilisateur. Cette liste comporte souvent des documents quasi-similaires en terme de localisation geographique, contenu documentaire, versions, etc. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons une technique permettant de presenter a l'utilisateur une vision synthetique et globale des resultats de sa recherche. A cet effet, on s'oriente vers l'utilisation de l'analyse statistique dans les bases de donnees textuelles. L'analyse consistera essentiellement a mettre en oeuvre des outils de classification des pages Web selon de nombreux criteres : localisation geographique, liens, contenu de la page. L'approche proposee nous a conduit a realiser une experimentation en l'implementant sur le systeme Mercure.
Identifikasi Barcode pada Gambar yang Ditangkap Kamera Digital Menggunakan Metode JST

Abstrak Dewasa ini hampir setiap produk konsumen memiliki label barcode. Namun alat pembaca barcode jenis laser memiliki kelemahan karena tidak dapat mengenali barcode yang mengalami goresan atau noise. Namun telah dikembangkan teknik lain dengan memanfaatkan kamera digital untuk identifikasi barcode. JST telah banyak digunakan untuk identifikasi berbagai macam pola. Proses identifikasi barcode dalam JST terdiri dari proses training dan proses identifikasi. Proses training menggunakan metode LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization). Proses identifikasi terdiri dari beberapa tahap, yaitu akuisisi citra, preprocessing, locating barcode, proses pengujian dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian metode LVQ dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi foto barcode dengan kinerja yang baik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 73,6 % dari 72 citra yang diuji dengan waktu rata-rata adalah 0.5 detik. Sementara waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menemukan lokasi barcode adalah sekitar 6 detik menggunakan blok dengan ukuran 32x32 pixel. Kata kunci — Barcode, Learning Vector Quantization, Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Abstrak In today’s modern society, almost every consumer product has a barcode label. But the barcode reader with laser type has the disadvantage of not being able to recognize the barcode has a scratch or noise. However, other techniques have been developed by using a digital camera for barcode identification. ANN has been widely used for identification of various patterns. Barcode identification process consists of the ANN training process and the identification process. Training process using the LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization). Identification process consists of several stages: image acquisition, preprocessing, locating barcode, testing and verification process. Based on test results LVQ method can be used for photo identification barcode with good performance. The test results showed an accuracy of 73.6% rate of 72 images were tested with an average time is 0.5 seconds. While the time required to find the location of the barcode is about 6 seconds using a block size of 32x32 pixels. Keyword — Barcode, Learning Vector Quantization, Artificial Neural Network
A SELF-CALIBRATING LOW POWER 16-BIT 500KSPS CHARGE- REDISTRIBUTION SAR ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER

By Prasanna Upadhyaya, M.S. Washington State University August 2008 Chair: George S. La Rue This thesis presents an implementation of a self-calibrating low-power 16-bit 500 KSps charge redistribution successive approximation register based analog-to-digital converter (CR ADC) to be used with a sensor integrated circuit (IC) built for neurosensory application. The CR ADC uses a time-interleaving-by-2 architecture, shutting down amplifiers when not in use, and switching between comparators to reduce power consumption. Furthermore, the CR ADC corrects the capacitor-ratio error of the binaryweighted capacitor arrays, common-mode errors due to parasitics, offset error due to mismatches and charge injection from the control switches, and gain error due to parasitics to improve linearity and accuracy. The CR ADC has an input range of ± 1V, SNDR of 89.01dB with an effective resolution of 14.49 bits, SFDR of 89.5dB, FOM factor of 116.3 fJ / conversion step, and dissipates an average power of 4.23mW including the input buffer, while operating at ± 1.5V power supply. The proposed ADC was designed in TSMC 0. 25μm CMOS process. Further performance enhancement can be achieved to push the accuracy above 15 bits while lowering down power and noise.
Design of a High-Speed Serial Programming Interface Compatible with Bluetooth Embedded Systems

In this paper, we designed a serial programming interface (SPI) suitable for embedded systems, especially for Bluetooth baseband. Proposed architecture is compatible for the APB bus in AMBA bus architecture. The 8-bit design of the SPI module is in charge of transferring the data and the instructions between the external devices and the coprocessors. We adopted the cyclic redundancy check method for the error correction. Also, we provided the interface for multimedia cards. The designed SPI module was automatically synthesized, placed, and routed. Implementation was performed through the Altera FPGA and well operated at 25MHz clock frequency.
Explosive strength-related isokinetic parameters in high-level sprinters and long-distance runners : The relative power index

Strength is an important factor in athletic performance. Although maximal strength is readily measurable using isokinetic dynamometry other parameters are needed to assess the specific explosive component of muscular strength. To identify these parameters, 41 high-level long-distance runners (17 female and 24 male) and 65 high-level sprinters (22 female and 43 male) performed maximal isokinetic knee flexion/extension exertions at 60°/s and 300°/s using the dominant limb. Multiple strength parameters of hamstrings and quadriceps were studied including peak torque (PT) at both velocities, %PT decrement at 300°/s, %PT at 0.2 s of contraction initiation at 60°/s, average explosive work at 300°/s, average power at 300°/s, average power at 300°/s divided by the PT at 60% (Relative Power Index - RPI), and average power at 300°/s divided by the PT at 300° /s. The only parameter which did not significantly correlate with (PT60) was the RPI in both flexion and extension. Irrespective of gender, this parameter was also significantly higher in sprinters compared with long-distance runners, and higher in the hamstrings than in the quadriceps. Therefore the use of this parameter is recommended for measuring explosive strength related to sprinting performance in the athlete. Reference data for the RPI in high-level sprinters are provided.
Software metric for Java and C++ practices (Workpackage 1.1)

The objective of this deliverable is to define a catalog of software met- rics. In particular we analyze the metrics used in the Squale Model and tool. In addition it offers a coherent set of software metrics for object-oriented languages on top of which Squale practices will be based. There is a plethora of software metrics and a large amount of research articles. Still there is a lack for a serious and practically-oriented evaluation of metrics. Often metrics lacks the property that the software reengineer or quality expert can easily understand the situation summa- rized by the metrics. In particular since the exact notion of coupling and cohesion is complex, a particular focus on such point is important.
Quasiquotes for Scala

We introduce quasiquotes for the Scala programming language, which solve the problem of manual tree construction and deconstruction. Included case studies show that quasiquotes indeed are easier to work with than existing tools for tree construction. When limitations of current implementation are lifted quasiquotes will become the ultimate tool for the tree manipulation.
A Dynamical Model for Fracture Advance Using Stress Analysis and Empirical Crack-Growth Velocity Part 1. The Model

A new model is presented that allows a dynamical simulation of the interaction between crack advance and induced stresses in medium carbon steels under periodic and constant loads. It is based on the use of an empirical crack-growth velocity to approximate the second order term in the basic equation of linear elasticity. Once this is done, a Finite Element analysis of the stresses gives what is here called a semi-empirical numerical dynamic model of the crack evolution. The simulation requires a set of data obtained through experimentation that was by itself guided in its design by the model, in what can be considered as an example of an evolving new paradigm in engineering research. Several simulations of the crack evolution were obtained under different considerations for the Neumann boundary condition and with or without an inhomogeneity simulating a thin stripe of welding. The simulation allows the analysis of the crack evolution as the stresses in the body evolve. Due to the relevance of the experimental data and design, this research is presented in two parts, this first paper dealing with the model, its physical and mathematical aspects and giving examples of the results. The second one deals with the experimental aspects.
Methods for the prediction of complex biomolecular structures

Die erste hochaufgeloste Struktur eines Proteins wurde 1985 von John Kendrew und Max Perutz aufgelost. Seitdem ist die experimentelle Aufklarung ein wichtiger Bestandteil der biologischen Forschung. Allerdings ist die Aufklarung der Strukturen von biomoleku- laren Komplexen sehr schwierig. Diese Strukturen sind jedoch immens wichtig fur das Verstandnis vieler biologischer Phanomene auf molekularer Ebene. Aus diesem Grund hat sich ein Forschungsfeld entwickelt, das computergestutzte Modellierung zur Vorher- sage von biomolekularen Strukturen verwendet. In dieser Promotionsschrift sollten Methoden zur Vorhersage von komplexen biomolekularen Strukturen entwickelt werden. Diese Methoden basieren auf drei unter- schiedlichen Ansatzen: Die erste Methode wurde fur Proteine entwickelt, die aus mehreren Domanen bestehen. Die Methode nutzt vorhandene Strukturen der einzelnen Domanen und experimentelle Daten, die geometrische Relationen der Domanen abbilden, und ermoglicht die Unter- suchung konformationeller Anderungen bedingt durch ausere Einflusse, wie beispielsweise das Zufuhren eines Substrates. Als Fallbeispiel wurde die Konformation des flexiblen zwei-Domanen Proteins peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) untersucht, sowie die Anderung als Reaktion auf die Zugabe des Substrates polyethy- lene glycol (PEG). Die zweite Methode basiert auf dem neuen Verfahren Direct Coupling Analysis (DCA), das es ermoglicht geometrische Kontakte von Aminosauren anhand eines multiplen Sequenzalignments (MSA) vorherzusagen. DCA nutzt eine Korrektur zur Vermeidung einer Stichprobenverzerrung bedingt durch die Auswahl der Sequenzen fur das MSA. Die hier vorgestellte Optimierung ermoglicht eine robustere Vorhersage der geometrischen Kontakte. Die optimierte Methode wurde fur die Analyse von Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Envelope Protein (HIV-1 Env) eingesetzt. Die letzte Methode wurde entwickelt, um Binderegionen des negativ geladenen Heparansulfates an Proteinen vorherzusagen. Dafur haben wir ein Modell entwickelt, das auf der elektrostatischen Wechselwirkung basiert. Die Fallbeispiele sind hier ver- schiedene Heparansulfat bindenden Proteine, wie das Chemokine CCL3 und den Hedgehog Proteinen. Insgesamt wird gezeigt, dass fur verschiedene Arten von biomolekularer Strukturen und Komplexe moderne computergestutzte Methoden Einsichten liefern, die im Einklang mit Experimenten stehen.
Systemic Administration of 17β-Estradiol Reduces Apoptotic Cell Death and Improves Functional Recovery following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Recent evidence indicates that estrogen exerts neuroprotective effects in both brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined the protective effect of estrogen on functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. 17β-estradiol (3, 100, or 300 μg/kg) was administered intravenously 1-2 h prior to injury (pre-treatment), and animals were then subjected to a mild, weight-drop spinal cord contusion injury. Estradiol treatment significantly improved hind limb motor function as determined by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor open field behavioral rating test. Fifteen to 30 days after SCI, BBB scores were significantly higher in estradiol-treated (100 μg/kg) rats when compared to vehicle-treated rats. Morphological analysis showed that lesion sizes increased progressively in either vehicle-treated or 17β-estradiol-treated spinal cords. However, in response to treatment with 17β-estradiol, the lesion size was significantly reduced 18-28 days after SCI when compared to vehicle-treated .
The design and implementation of geo-spatial database updating system based on digital map generalization

Map generalization is very old topic, but the combination of map generalization technology with geo-spatial database updating is relatively new. After the larger scale database is updated, the smaller scale database should be updated correspondingly in order to keep the consistency of multi-scale geo-spatial database. In this situation, it is very reasonable to apply map generalization technology into the process of geo-spatial database updating. This paper is focused on the application map generalization into the updating of geo-spatial database. A method is described to update geo-spatial database based map generalization technology in this study. The requirements of the application of map generalization into spatial database updating are analyzed firstly. And then, the design is outlined and some key technology details are emphasized on. Finally, the practical implementation in the national 1:50000 geo-spatial database updating project is introduced. This study shows the method is less cost and more efficient in the multi-scale geo-spatial database updating.