Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Ability of Different Auction Mechanisms to Efficiently Designate Spectrum between Licensed and Unlicensed Use

This paper employs analytical methods to evaluate the ability of three different auction mechanisms to determine the efficient designation of spectrum between licensed and unlicensed use. The two regimes explored are 'licensed' spectrum, in which a licensee maintains exclusive rights to use the spectrum, subject to a set of service rules, and 'unlicensed' spectrum, in which multiple users are able to share spectrum on an open access basis. For each auction, we examine bidder incentives and provide detailed reports on both auction revenue and bidder surplus in a set of Nash equilibrium outcomes. Theoretical results are consistent with the conclusions of Bykowsky, Olson, Sharkey (2010), that a market can be used to allocate spectrum between licensed and unlicensed use. Results also show that a first-price and Clarke-Groves mechanisms are more likely to lead to the efficient designation of spectrum than a second-price auction.
Vertical Integration in Sequential Negotiations

We study vertical integration in the form of financial ownership as a way to improve the bargaining position of a firm in sequential negotiations. In our model an upstream monopolist bargains sequentially with two downstream firms over production agreements. If the bargaining sequence is pre-determined, then integrating with one of the downstream firms helps the monopolist to extract more rents from the other firm, by raising his outside option in negotiations. If, on the other hand, the monopolist can choose his bargaining partner, then integration produces an additional effect: it serves as a commitment device of no return to the non-integrated firm after a breakdown of negotiations. This makes that firm more willing to settle today, and at higher price. These favorable effects, however, only realize if the downstream firms are strategic substitutes, and are reversed if they are complements. In the case when the principal is located downstream, and we find the surprising result that his expected profits are unaffected by vertical integration.
Increased fatigue resistance linked to Ca2+‐stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle fibres of cold‐acclimated mice

Mammals exposed to a cold environment initially generate heat by repetitive muscle activity (shivering). Shivering is successively replaced by the recruitment of uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP1)‐dependent heat production in brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, adaptations observed in skeletal muscles of cold‐exposed animals are similar to those observed with endurance training. We hypothesized that increased myoplasmic free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) is important for these adaptations. To test this hypothesis, experiments were performed on flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles, which do not participate in the shivering response, of adult wild‐type (WT) and UCP1‐ablated (UCP1‐KO) mice kept either at room temperature (24°C) or cold‐acclimated (4°C) for 4–5 weeks. [Ca2+]i (measured with indo‐1) and force were measured under control conditions and during fatigue induced by repeated tetanic stimulation in intact single fibres. The results show no differences between fibres from WT and UCP1‐KO mice. However, muscle fibres from cold‐acclimated mice showed significant increases in basal [Ca2+]i (∼50%), tetanic [Ca2+]i (∼40%), and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak (∼fourfold) as compared to fibres from room‐temperature mice. Muscles of cold‐acclimated mice showed increased expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) and increased citrate synthase activity (reflecting increased mitochondrial content). Fibres of cold‐acclimated mice were more fatigue resistant with higher tetanic [Ca2+]i and less force loss during fatiguing stimulation. In conclusion, cold exposure induces changes in FDB muscles similar to those observed with endurance training and we propose that increased [Ca2+]i is a key factor underlying these adaptations.
An automatic blood-pressure-recording machine.

THE need for a device to make a record of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a manner similar to the clinical auscultatory method has been apparent for some time. The method should be reliable when compared with the clinical method, and there should be little or no discomfort to the patient. It is the purpose of this report to describe such a device with certain automatic properties. Historical An early instrument used in measuring the blood pressure in the extremity of man came from the physiologic laboratory of S. von Basch1 in 1881. A plethysmograph containing the forearm .
Retinol‐binding protein in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and various metabolic diseases, the mechanisms linking PCOS to metabolic changes are not fully understood. Retinol‐binding protein (RBP) was recently reported as an adipocytokine that may link insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of RBP in women with PCOS.
The Covariations of Equity Markets: An Exploration of the Nordic and the Japanese Markets

In this paper, the developments of the time-series covariations of stock returns between the Japanese equity markets and the Nordic stock markets are empirically analyzed. We inspect the covariations by dividing sample periods into several periods that are before and after the US Lehman Shock. In this paper, it is firstly revealed that the connections of stock returns between the Japanese markets and the Nordic markets recently gradually increased. Furthermore, it is secondly clarified that right after the Lehman Shock in the US, the comovements between stock returns in Japan and those in several Nordic countries highly increased.
An Enhanced Bayesian-based Reputation System for P2P File Sharing

Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing networks are widely used by Internet users but due to their anonymity and selforganizational nature, they are often targeted by malicious users. Therefore, reputation systems are used to distinguish between good and malicious peers. Many reputation systems propose the use of the Bayesian model and it has proved to be effective for reputation calculation in a small, fully distributed system. This paper focuses on the distributed rank-based reputation system (DRank), one of the latest systems applying the Bayesian model in P2P streaming. DRank developers evaluated it on a small network with a maximum 200 nodes. In this paper, DRank is examined in a P2P file sharing system and on larger networks. This examination showed a drop in reputation propagation and a rise in the number of polluted files downloaded. Therefore, we propose a number of optimizations to DRank, such as unstructured reputation propagation, and two mechanisms of peer selection: (1) the first peer in the rank, and (2) randomly from a set of top ranked peers. For evaluation purposes, a simulator is built using a P2P simulator and DRank is examined with and without our proposed improvements. The experiments showed that our proposals improve DRank performance in preventing malicious peers from obtaining high reputation values. Keywords—Peer-to-Peer; P2P network; Reputation system; P2P file sharing
Team Communication Platforms and Emergent Social Collaboration Practices

Team communication platforms (TCPs), including the Slack software service, are an emergent class of social collaboration technology that combine features of multiple enterprise social media including social networking platforms and instant messaging. The media capabilities of these platforms, including integrations for diverse information and communication technologies, enable affordances for both highly adaptable and centralized team communication practices. In order to understand emergent practices in TCPs, this study offers a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the reflective practice of early adopter organizations and individuals based on a sample of self-published blog posts. Results indicate that TCPs enable affordances for communication visibility that support situated knowledge sharing and collaborative workflows. TCPs also enable affordances for multicommunication and attention allocation including flexible scaling of media modality and synchronicity. This latter affordance is conceptualized as polysynchronicity, a term that describes the dynamic synchronicity characteristic of communication practices in TCPs.
Cross-Monitoring and Corporate Governance

We take the view that corporate governance must involve more than corporate law. Despite corporate scholars' nearly exclusive focus on corporate law mechanisms for controlling managerial agency costs, shareholders are not the only constituency concerned with such costs. Given the thick web of firms' contractual commitments, it should not be a surprise that other financial claimants may also attempt to control agency costs in their contracts with the firm. We hypothesize that this cross-monitoring by other claimants has value for shareholders. We examine bank loans for empirical evidence of the value of cross-monitoring. Our approach builds on prior empirical work on the value of good corporate governance, to which we add data on the presence of bank loans and their interactions with free cash flow, governance indices, and individual corporate governance provisions. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to measure the performance effects of bank debt as a device for reducing managerial agency costs, and the first study on the interaction of ongoing bank monitoring with corporate governance arrangements. We find strong evidence that bank monitoring adds value. In effect, bank monitoring can counteract somewhat the value-decreasing effects of managerial entrenchment. Bank monitoring may substitute for good corporate governance.
Injection‐induced seismicity: Poroelastic and earthquake nucleation effects

The standard model of injection‐induced seismicity considers changes in Coulomb strength due solely to changes in pore pressure. We consider two additional effects: full poroelastic coupling of stress and pore pressure, and time‐dependent earthquake nucleation. We model stress and pore pressure due to specified injection rate in a homogeneous, poroelastic medium. Stress and pore pressure are used to compute seismicity rate through the Dieterich (1994) model. For constant injection rate, the time to reach a critical seismicity rate scales with t ∼ r2/(cfc), where r is distance from the injector, c is hydraulic diffusivity, and fc is a factor that depends on mechanical properties, and weakly on r. The seismicity rate decays following a peak, consistent with some observations. During injection poroelastic coupling may increase or decrease the seismicity rate, depending on the orientation of the faults relative to the injector. If injection‐induced stresses inhibit slip, abrupt shut‐in can lead to locally sharp increases in seismicity rate; tapering the flux mitigates this effect. The maximum magnitude event has been observed to occur postinjection. We suggest the seismicity rate at a given magnitude depends on the nucleation rate, the size distribution of fault segments, and if the background shear stress is low, the time‐varying volume of perturbed crust. This leads to a rollover in frequency‐magnitude distribution for larger events, with a “corner” that increases with time. Larger events are absent at short times, but approach the background frequency with time; larger events occurring post shut‐in are thus not unexpected.
The Impact of Hotel Reviews Posted by Guests on Customers’ Purchase Process and Expectations

From the first article published on the topic of electronic word-of-mouth – eWOM (Stauss, 1997) research has rapidly increased, underlining the importance of this phenomenon both in academic and business contexts. The purchasing behaviour of the customer has increasingly changed with the development of new technologies. Therefore, what had traditionally been defined as word-of-mouth (WOM) (Arndt, 1967; Koenig, 1985) needed to be reconsidered and studied in light of recent changes (Buttle, 1998; Breazeale, 2009). Electronic WOM through online reviews on specific websites, company websites, blogs and communities influences various steps of the consumer decision-making and purchasing processes (Schindler and Bickart, 2005) and his expectations of the service. The objective of the paper is to study the impact that customer feedback/reviews posted on “non-transactional” websites have on the consumer decision-making process and on tourist expectations in the hospitality industry, which is particularly affected by this new trend. Many travel services are now bought on the net using electronic distribution systems: flights, hotel stays, car rentals, etc. (Nielsen, 2010; PhoCusWright, 2010). Online reviews play a key role in purchasing travel services (Nielsen, 2010) and “non-transactional” website traffic increased by 4% from 2007 to 2009 despite a decrease for transactional websites (OTA, company websites, etc.) (PhoCusWright, 2009). Therefore, hotel companies should comprehend the way customer feedback influences other consumers’ decisions and expectations in order to develop specific marketing strategies that also consider the synergy among social media and the development of mobile technologies.
Effects of In-Season Inertial Resistance Training With Eccentric Overload in a Sports Population at Risk for Patellar Tendinopathy

Abstract Gual, G, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A, Romero-Rodríguez, D, and Tesch, PA. Effects of in-season inertial resistance training with eccentric overload in a sports population at risk for patellar tendinopathy. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1834–1842, 2016—Volleyball and basketball players can be considered as a population at risk for patellar tendinopathy. Given the paradox that eccentric training elicits therapeutic benefits yet might provoke such injury, we investigated the influence of a weekly bout of inertial squat resistance exercise offering eccentric overload on lower limb muscle power and patellar tendon complaints. Players of 8 (4 basketball and 4 volleyball) teams (38 women and 43 men) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (IG) or control (CG) group. Although IG and CG maintained scheduled in-season training routines over 24 weeks, IG, in addition, performed 1 weekly session of eccentric overload by 4 sets of 8 repetitions of the squat using flywheel inertial resistance. Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment patellar tendinopathy questionnaire (VISA-p), vertical countermovement jump, and squat power, both concentric (Squat-Con) and eccentric (Squat-Ecc), tests were performed before (T1), during (T2), and after (T3) the 24 weeks of intervention. Neither group suffered from patellar tendinopathy during the study period. VISA-p displayed no differences across groups at any measurement period. Countermovement jump scores significantly (p ⩽ 0.05) differed between groups in favor of the IG. Both Squat-Con and Squat-Ecc mean scores from the IG were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the CG. Adding a weekly eccentric overload squat training bout to a regular basketball and volleyball exercise routine enhances lower limb muscle power without triggering patellar tendon complaints. Future studies, using the current exercise paradigm, aim to explore its efficacy to prevent or combat patellar tendinopathy in sports calling for frequent explosive jumps.
CURRENT STATUS OF THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE GUIDELINES IN BANGLADESH: A CRITICAL EVALUATION WITH LEGAL ASPECT

There is a growing sentiment that poor corporate governance is one of the forces to blame for the collapse of the financial market since it failed to ensure the transparency, accountability and integrity of companies, particularly on matters of corporation. Bangladesh is one of the third world countries having many opportunities in corporate sector and also one of the least developed countries in the South-East Asia that has issued corporate governance guidelines in 2006. This was a timely attempt by the regulatory market of the country to keep up with the worldwide concern for reforming corporate monitoring structures. The guidelines are mandatory for all companies listed in their stock exchange. In the wake of the free-market economy, many investors are interested to invest in Bangladesh because of its’ competitive labour costs and abundance of workers. The government of Bangladesh also offers significant incentives to encourage foreign investment. In this scenario, attempts to enhance corporate monitoring by implementing new corporate governance guidelines and respected provisions of company law will enable the country to be a better place for investment. This paper discusses critically the implementation practice of the new corporate governance guidelines.
Efficient Localization of Panoramic Images Using Tiled Image Descriptors

: We seek to localize a query panorama with a wide ﬁeld of view given a large database of street-level geo-tagged imagery. This is a challenging task because of signiﬁcant changes in appearance due to viewpoint, season, occluding people or newly constructed buildings. An additional key challenge is the computational and memory ef-ﬁciency due to the planet-scale size of the available geotagged image databases. The contributions of this paper are two-fold. First, we develop a compact image representation for scalable retrieval of panoramic images that represents each panorama as an ordered set of vertical image tiles. Two panoramas are matched by e ﬃ ciently searching for their optimal horizontal alignment, while respecting the tile ordering constraint. Second, we collect a new challenging query test dataset from Shibuya, Tokyo containing more than thousand panoramic and perspective query images with manually veriﬁed ground truth geolocation. We demonstrate signiﬁcant improvements of the proposed method compared to the standard bag-of-visual-words and VLAD baselines.
High-order basis functions for singular currents at corners

The use of a full Motz-like expansion for the current density in the cells adjacent to the corners of a conducting scatterer provides a substantial improvement in accuracy, compared to the use of a representation that only employs the leading-order singularity. Furthermore, as the order of the expansion is increased in conjunction with that in the non-corner cells, the slope of the resulting error curve increases, confirming that higher-order behavior is obtained.
Belatacept: from rational design to clinical application

Gradually improved immunosuppression has contributed significantly to the progress achieved in transplantation medicine so far. Nevertheless, current drug regimens are associated with late graft loss – in particular as a result of immunologic damage or drug toxicity – and substantial morbidity. Recently, the costimulation blocker belatacept (marketed under the name Nulojix®) has been approved for immunosuppression in renal transplantation. Belatacept (a mutated version of CTLA4Ig) is a fusion protein rationally designed to block CD28, a critical activating receptor on T cells, by binding and saturating its ligands B7‐1 and B7‐2. In phase II and III trials, belatacept was compared with cyclosporine (in combination with basiliximab, MMF, and steroids). Advantages observed with belatacept include superior graft function, preservation of renal structure and improved cardiovascular risk profile. Concerns associated with belatacept are a higher frequency of cellular rejection episodes and more post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) cases especially in EBV seronegative patients, who should be excluded from belatacept‐based regimens. Thus, after almost three decades of calcineurin inhibitors as mainstay of immunosuppression, belatacept offers a potential alternative. In this article, we will provide an overview of belatacept’s preclinical development and will discuss the available evidence from clinical trials.
Additional Disruption of the ClC-2 Cl- Channel Does Not Exacerbate the Cystic Fibrosis Phenotype of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Mouse Models*

Cystic fibrosis is a fatal inherited disease that is caused by mutations in the gene encoding a cAMP-activated chloride channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). It has been suggested that the cystic fibrosis phenotype might be modulated by the presence of other Cl- channels that are coexpressed with CFTR in some epithelial cells. Because the broadly expressed plasma membrane Cl- channel, ClC-2, is present in the tissues whose function is compromised in cystic fibrosis, we generated mice with a disruption of both Cl- channel genes. No morphological changes in their intestine, lung, or pancreas, tissues affected by cystic fibrosis, were observed in these mice. The mortality was not increased over that observed with a complete lack of functional CFTR. Surprisingly, mice expressing mutant CFTR (deletion of phenylalanine 508), survived longer when ClC-2 was disrupted additionally. Currents across colonic epithelia were investigated in Ussing chamber experiments. The disruption of ClC-2, in addition to CFTR, did not decrease Cl- secretion. Colon expressing wild-type CFTR even secreted more Cl- when ClC-2 was disrupted, although CFTR transcript levels were unchanged. It is concluded that ClC-2 is unlikely to be a candidate rescue channel in cystic fibrosis. Our data are consistent with a model in which ClC-2 is located in the basolateral membrane.
Problems encountered within international retail joint ventures: UK retailer case study evidence

Purpose – The paper aims to investigate the problems encountered in retail international joint ventures (IJVs). It synthesizes and applies transaction cost economics and strategic management theories to help explain the dynamics within the international retail joint venture (IRJV) process. Design/methodology/approach – Applies a multiple case study approach based on a sample of UK-based retailers during the retail internationalisation process. Findings – Highlights the key problem areas encountered by retailers involved in IJV activity. Concludes that in contrast to production-driven joint venture activity, retailers appear to have a shorter and intensive adjustment period to effectively co-ordinate operational activity and bridge the corporate and behavioural differences between themselves and the partner. Research limitations/implications – Focuses on a sample of UK retail companies only. Given the intensive instantiation process, a predetermined approach may be more appropriate for retail firms to avoid problematic outcomes in IJV management. Practical implications – Retail companies may experience post formation risk in joint ventures, arising from partner resource limitations. Differences in management capability between the partners may lead to ineffective collaboration and poor operational performance. Originality/value – Addresses a previously neglected area of research and provides insights into the management of IRJV. Examines the relevance of key theoretical perspectives in relation to the problems encountered in IRJV activity.