Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Oxygen Tensions in Dogs During Coronary Vasodilation by Enflurane, Isoflurane and Dipyridamole

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the anesthetics enflurane and isoflurane and of the coronary vasodilator dipyridamole on myocardial oxygen balance and myocardial tissue oxygen tensions. The studies were performed in 24 open-chest dogs during basal anesthesia with a narcotic. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured using radioactive microspheres, myocardial surface tissue PO2 by means of a platinum multiwire surface electrode. One control group and three experimental groups were studied: enflurane (1.1 vol%), isoflurane (0.7 vol%, both end-tidal concentrations), and dipyridamole (0.4 mg/kg). Mean arterial pressure significantly decreased to an average of 70 mm Hg in all three experimental groups. Although MBF was unchanged during enflurane (−18%) and isoflurane (+20%), it increased during dipyridamole (+304% p < 0.05 vs baseline and control, enflurane, and isoflurane groups). Myocardial oxygen consumption decreased significantly during enflurane and isoflurane but remained unchanged during dipyridamole. Thus, the ratio between myocardial oxygen delivery and consumption increased 6% with enflurane (p < 0.05 vs baseline), 47% with isoflurane (p < 0.05 vs baseline and control group) and 280% with dipyridamole (p < 0.05 vs baseline and control, enflurane, and isoflurane groups). Coronary venous PO2 remained unchanged during enflurane but increased significantly during isoflurane and dipyridamole. Left ventricular surface tissue PO2 was unchanged in enflurane and isoflurane animals and decreased slightly, yet significantly, during dipyridamole. All variables remained unchanged in the control group. Thus, isoflurane and dipyridamole interfered with MBF autoregulation and increased myocardial oxygen delivery out of proportion to myocardial demands. The lack of simultaneous increase in tissue oxygen pressures may reflect occurance of functional shunting on a cardiac microvascular level. These results also suggest that coronary vasodilating agents may not necessarily be beneficial for oxygenation of the intact myocardium.
The accuracy and reproducibility of an algorithm to correct for geometric image distortion in quantitative coronary angiography

The authors have developed a method to correct for image distortion (so-called dewarp). The method models the distortion by a set of two-dimensional polynomials of which the degree is optimally adjusted. The model parameters are derived through imaging a cm-grid put against the image intensifier (II) input screen. The derived accuracy of the pixel size (scale factor) was better than 0.006% and the RMS length of the residuals was 0.03-0.05 mm for cine film and 0.04-0.09 mm for on-line video images. The reproducibility for a dewarped position was 0.01-0.04 mm for cine film and 0.04-0.07 mm for video images, depending on the II size (14/17/27 cm). The dewarped size of an object (vessel) reproduced between 0.04% and 0.11% for cine film and between 0.15% and 0.18% for video images, depending on the II size. The main source of variability turned out to be an unstable high-voltage of the electron optics in the II.
Parenting Style and Behavior as Longitudinal Predictors of Adolescent Alcohol Use.

OBJECTIVE Adolescent alcohol use is a serious problem in Australia and other nations. Longitudinal data on family predictors are valuable to guide parental education efforts. The present study tested Baumrind's proposal that parenting styles are direct predictors of adolescent alcohol use. METHOD Latent class modeling was used to investigate adolescent perceptions of parenting styles and multivariate regression to examine their predictive effect on the development of adolescent alcohol use. The data set comprised 2,081 secondary school students (55.9% female) from metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, who completed three waves of annual longitudinal data starting in 2004. RESULTS Baumrind's parenting styles were significant predictors in unadjusted analyses, but these effects were not maintained in multivariate models that also included parenting behavior dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Family influences on the development of adolescent alcohol use appear to operate more directly through specific family management behaviors rather than through more global parenting styles.
Distribution of the titf2/foxe1 gene product is consistent with an important role in the development of foregut endoderm, palate, and hair

Titf2/foxe1 is a forkhead domain‐containing gene expressed in the foregut, in the thyroid, and in the cranial ectoderm of the developing mouse. Titf2 null mice exhibit cleft palate and either a sublingual or completely absent thyroid gland. In humans, mutations of the gene encoding for thyroid transcription factor‐2 (TTF‐2) result in the Bamforth syndrome, characterized by thyroid agenesis, cleft palate, spiky hair, and choanal atresia. Here, we report a detailed expression pattern of TTF‐2 protein during mouse embryogenesis and show its presence in structures where it has not been described yet. At embryonic day (E) 10.5, TTF‐2 is expressed in Rathke's pouch, in thyroid, and in the epithelium of the pharyngeal wall and arches, whereas it is absent in the epithelium of the pharyngeal pouches. According to this expression, at E13.5, TTF‐2 is present in endoderm derivatives, such as tongue, palate, epiglottis, pharynx, and oesophagus. Later in embryogenesis, we detect TTF‐2 in the choanae and whiskers. This pattern of expression helps to define the complex phenotype displayed by human patients. Finally, we show that TTF‐2 is a phosphorylated protein. These results help to characterize the domains of TTF‐2 expression, from early embryogenesis throughout organogenesis, providing more detail on the potential role of TTF‐2 in the development of endoderm and ectoderm derived structures. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of restricted feeding and re-alimentation of dietary protein or energy on compensatory growth of sheep

The study investigated the effects of re-alimenting dietary protein or energy on growth, carcass characteristics and meat eating quality parameters of sheep. Twenty-seven intact rams (~9 months; 11.3 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was fed a maintenance diet (MT) containing, on dry matter (DM) basis, 105 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 8.4 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy (ME) for 30 days. Thereafter, they were continually fed the same MT or re-alimented with a high protein diet (HP) containing 169 g/kg DM CP and 9.3 MJ/kg ME or a high energy diet (HE) containing 123 g/kg DM CP and 10.6 MJ/kg ME for an additional 30 days to determine the effects of re-alimentation of protein or energy on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. During the initial 30-day period, DM intake (DMI) and growth performance were similar among the three groups. However, upon re-alimentation, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency of sheep re-alimented with HP were greater than those maintained continually on MT or re-alimented with HE. Sheep on HP had higher feed efficiency, ADG and heavier carcasses than those fed MT or re-alimented with HE during the whole 60-day period. Growth of most viscera was less responsive to the restriction-re-alimentation feeding regimen except for the weights of the lungs, heart and intestines. Meat from sheep re-alimented with HE had a more intense ‘sheepy’ flavour than those fed MT or re-alimented with HP, but juiciness and tenderness were not affected. The higher ADG of sheep re-alimented with protein may be related more to enhanced efficiency of feed utilization than to higher DMI. ______________________________________________________________________________________
A query expansion approach for social media data extraction

Social media data analysis has been a significant topic of interest in both academia and industry over the past few years. The availability of the increasingly huge amount of social media data is changing our attitude towards social media data analytics which has moved from extracting more meaningful information to predicting social trends. Recently, an increasing number of approaches have been proposed on the applications of social media data. However, they mostly focus on processing the query result data which is often inadequate as the query terms are not easily determined by the users. Taking into consideration this shortcoming, this paper aims to examine the query side in order to provide a better solution for social media data analytics. We propose a Wikipedia-based query expansion and temporal ranking technique for social media data to extract more meaningful answers.
Thermoregulatory Aspects of Environmental Exposure to Anticholinesterase Agents

Anticholinesterase (antiChE) agents can be highly toxic to birds and mammals and constitute a major proportion of the pesticides used throughout the world. AntiChEs consist of the organophosphates (OP), which irreversibly inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the carbamates (CB), which reversibly inhibit AChE. AChE inhibition elicits cholinergic stimulation in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues and organs, which can lead to marked dysfunction of homeostatic systems, including temperature regulation. The control of body temperature uses cholinergic pathways in the integration and central processing of thermal information, as well as in the control of thermoeffector responses. Hence, the cholinergic stimulation elicited from exposure to antiChEs has profound effects on body temperature at rest as well as during exercise. Ambient heat and cold stress can also modulate the animal's sensitivity to antiChE exposure. After exposure to most OPs, rodents and other small species undergo a marked hypothermic response lasting up to 24 hours. On the other hand, humans exposed to OP pesticides rarely become hypothermic but rather experience a fever that may last many days. Recent studies monitoring body temperature in OP-exposed, telemetered rats demonstrated that the initial hypothermic response is followed by a period of hyperthermia lasting several days. That the hyperthermia can be blocked with administration of sodium salicylate suggests that the hyperthermia is a fever. Thus, the antiChE-induced effects on body temperature and other physiological systems cannot be explained solely by the immediate consequences of AChE inhibition and stimulation of cholinergic systems. Research into the mechanisms of action of antiChE toxicity will be improved with a better understanding of their effects on temperature regulation.
[The factor analytic symptom structure of manic episode and its relationship with affective temperaments].

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to establish the factor analytic dimensions of manic episode, and to investigate relationship between established factors and underlying affective temperament. METHODS Hundred patients who had been hospitalized in psychiatric clinics of Bakirköy Prof. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurology for DSM-IV bipolar disorder manic episode were assessed by Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (positive syndrome sub-scale) (PANSS) and followed by factor analysis. The relationship between factor scores and underlying affective temperaments has been investigated in 72 full remitted patients who had been re-assessed by Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) Turkish version. RESULTS 7 factors model which accounted 67.48% of the total variance has been emerged by principal component factor analysis. Determined factors were dysphoria, psychomotor acceleration, psychosis, irritability, insight, grandiosity and sexual interest. It has been found linear correlation between hyperthymic temperament and psychomotor acceleration (r=0.255, p<0.05) and, inverse correlation between depressive temperament and sexual interest (r=-0.248, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study has shown that clinical phenomenology of mania has been formed by independent dimensions of dysphoria, irritability and psychosis, also with relationship between hyperthymic temperament and psychomotor acceleration which is accepted core characteristic of mania.
Freshwater biodiversity conservation: recent progress and future challenges

Abstract Freshwater habitats occupy <1% of the Earth's surface, yet are hotspots that support ∼10% of all known species, and ∼⅓ of vertebrate species. Fresh waters also are hotspots for human activities that have led to widespread habitat degradation, pollution, flow regulation and water extraction, fisheries overexploitation, and alien species introductions. These impacts have caused severe declines in the range and abundance of many freshwater species, so that they are now far more imperiled than their marine or terrestrial counterparts. Here, we review progress in conservation of freshwater biodiversity, with a focus on the period since 1986, and outline key challenges for the future. Driven by rising conservation concerns, freshwater ecologists have conducted a great deal of research over the past 25 y on the status, trends, autecology, and propagation of imperiled species, threats to these species, the consequences of biodiversity loss for ecosystem functioning, metapopulation dynamics, biodiversity hotspots, reserve design, habitat restoration, communication with stakeholders, and weaknesses of protective legislation. Nevertheless, existing efforts might be insufficient to stem the ongoing and coming multitude of freshwater extinctions. We briefly discuss 4 important challenges for freshwater conservation. First, climate change will imperil both freshwater species and human uses of fresh water, driving engineering responses that will further threaten the freshwater biota. We need to anticipate both ecological and human responses to climate change, and to encourage rational and deliberate planning of engineering responses to climate change before disasters strike. Second, because freshwater extinctions are already well underway, freshwater conservationists must be prepared to act now to prevent further losses, even if our knowledge is incomplete, and engage more effectively with other stakeholders. Third, we need to bridge the gap between freshwater ecology and conservation biology. Fourth, we suggest that scientific societies and scholarly journals concerned with limnology or freshwater sciences need to improve their historically poor record in publishing important papers and influencing practice in conservation ecology. Failure to meet these challenges will lead to the extinction or impoverishment of the very subjects of our research.
Non‐redundant role for IL‐7R signaling for the survival of CD8+ memory T cells

IL‐7 and IL‐15 are important cytokines for CD8 memory T cells. However, the extent that IL‐7 is essential for CD8 T cell memory remains unclear because blocking IL‐7 in vivo results in near complete inhibition of T cell development with the few mature T cells exhibiting functional abnormalities. To bypass this complication, CD8 memory development was examined utilizing a mouse model where transgenic IL‐7Rα was selectively expressed in the thymus of IL‐7Rα–/– mice. T cell development was corrected but the resulting peripheral T cells were essentially IL‐7 non‐responsive. Activation of IL‐7R‐defective OT‐I CD8+ T cells with OVA257–264 and IL‐2 readily yielded CTL. Upon further culture with IL‐15, these CTL expressed phenotypic and functional properties of central memory‐like cells. Thus, IL‐7R‐defective CD8+ T cells do not exhibit intrinsic defects in effector or memory development. When IL‐7R‐defective OT‐I CTL were adoptively transferred into normal or IL‐15–/– recipient mice in a non‐inflammatory setting, they converted into memory‐like cells, but did not persist, which was even more striking in IL‐15–/– recipients. This poor persistence was rescued after expression of transgenic Bcl‐2 in IL‐7R‐defective OT‐I T cells. Collectively, these data indicate that IL‐7 is non‐redundantly required for the survival of CD8 memory T cells.
Antinuclear antibody induced by procainamide. A prospective study.

Abstract Sixteen patients were followed prospectively for the possible development of the lupus syndrome while being treated for cardiac arrhythmias with conventional doses of procainamide hydrochloride. In eight antinuclear antibody developed. Two of the eight had positive slide reactions with nucleoprotein-coated latex particles. In one of these two rheumatoid factor (anti-IgG) activity in low titer also developed. Another two of the eight showed symptoms consistent with the lupus syndrome. The high percentage of patients in this study in whom antinuclear antibody developed suggests that the lupus response appearing in patients treated with procainamide is not restricted to the small proportion of the population that may have a genetic predisposition to idiopathic lupus erythematosus.
Architectural timing verification and test for super scalar processors

We address the problem of verification and testing of super scalar processors, from the point of view of correctness of [Bprogram execution time. Trace-driven architectural si[Bmulation methods are commonly used in current industrial practice to estimate cycles-per-instruction performance of a candidate processor organization, prior to actual implementation. We present a novel set of strategies for testing the timing correctness of processors as represented in an architectural timing model ("timer"). We focus on two main aspects of the theory: (a) deriving architectural test sequences to cover possible failure modes, defined in the context of a pipeline flow state transition fault model; and (b) deriving loop test kernels to verify steady-state (periodic) behavior of pipeline flow, against analytically predicted signatures. We develop the theory in the context of an example super scalar processor and its timer model. <<ETX>>
Investigation of HCI reliability in interdigitated LDMOS

Novel time-dependent kinetic model for interface trap formation is developed resulting in consideration of hot electron/hole injection in Interdigitated LDMOS. Proposed kinetic model replaces Si-H equation with Nit equation. HCI degradation of Interdigitated LDMOS is classified into two mechanisms. First mechanism is attributed to decreased electron densities due to electron trapping in interdigitated active region. Second mechanism occurs in accumulation region around side STI due to hot hole injection. First mechanism leads to an increase in RON upon stress, whereas second mechanism decreases RON.
An improved edge-model based representation and its application in image post-processing

Images can be represented using as locations and parameters of edges based on an edge mode. The representation was shown to be effective to reduce coding errors of images coded using SPIHT in an image postprocessing method. However, the representation results several artifacts which include "smudge and halos" artifacts and stripping artifacts. We have found the causes of these artifacts and propose a revised representation that has these artifacts significantly suppressed Also, we shall demonstrate that the revised representation can further improve the performance of the image post-processing algorithm.
Antagonistic Actions of Ecdysone and Insulins Determine Final Size in Drosophila

All animals coordinate growth and maturation to reach their final size and shape. In insects, insulin family molecules control growth and metabolism, whereas pulses of the steroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) initiate major developmental transitions. We show that 20E signaling also negatively controls animal growth rates by impeding general insulin signaling involving localization of the transcription factor dFOXO and transcription of the translation inhibitor 4E-BP. We also demonstrate that the larval fat body, equivalent to the vertebrate liver, is a key relay element for ecdysone-dependent growth inhibition. Hence, ecdysone counteracts the growth-promoting action of insulins, thus forming a humoral regulatory loop that determines organismal size.
Cognitive Assistance for Automating the Analysis of the Federal Acquisition Regulations System

Government regulations are critical to understanding how to do business with a government entity and receive other beneﬁts. However, government regulations are also notoriously long and organized in ways that can be confusing for novice users. Developing cognitive assistance tools that remove some of the burden from human users is of potential beneﬁt to a variety of users. The volume of data found in United States federal government regulation suggests a multiple-step approach to process the data into machinereadable text, create an automated legal knowledge base capturing various facts and rules, and eventually building a legal question and answer system to acquire understanding from various regulations and provisions. Our work discussed in this paper represents our initial efforts to build a framework for Federal Acquisition Regulations System (Title 48, Code of Federal Regulations) in order to create an efﬁcient legal knowledge base representing relationships between various legal elements, semantically similar terminologies, deontic expressions and cross-referenced legal facts and rules.
Scalpel please, robot: Penelope's debut in the operating room

Purpose – Aims to demonstrate how robot technology, machine vision, voice recognition and artificial intelligence can be applied to creating an automated surgeon's assistant that is functional and cost‐effective.Design/methodology/approach – Presents the development process that led to the construction of the Penelope Surgical Instrument Server (SIS), outlines the mechanical design of the robot, describes the control strategy and reports on the first real live implementation in an operating room. Machine vision, voice recognition and artificial intelligence are combined to create a robot assistant that is able to anticipate a specific surgeon's needs for a specific surgical procedure.Findings – Finds that a robot can manage an array of surgical instruments and present the right one to the surgeon at the right time.Practical implications – A robot for assisting a surgeon can relieve support staff in hospital operating rooms of repetitive tasks and thereby improve patient care.Originality/value – Introduces.
Évolution d'une hiérarchie de classes par interclassement

Dans le cycle de vie d'une librairie ou d'un " framework ", les evolutions sont tres frequentes et aussi bien les utilisateurs que les developpeurs sont confrontes a des problemes de recompilation, modification du code, compatibilite ascendante, livraison des nouvelles versions. Devant ces problemes derivant du "Fragile Base Class problem", nous pensons que le sous-classement n'est pas la solution la plus adaptee, et proposons une extension de la hierarchie par insertion de super-classes au lieu de sous-classes. Nous appelons cette insertion interclassement. Nous decrivons l'interclassement en montrant comment il peut etre implemente et les avantages qui peuvent en etre retires.