Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Anatomy of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays

U ltrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at energies 1018 eV and above are the most energetic subatomic particles in nature. To get an idea of their energy, the most energetic of these particles carries the same punch (1020 eV) as a tennis ball coming off a racket with a speed of 100 km/h. For comparison, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN can accelerate protons to only about 1013 eV. The tremendous energy of UHECRs naturally begs questions of how and where they are produced. Although discovered almost 60 years ago [1], the origin and chemical composition of UHECRs are still
Probiotics: Current knowledge update

Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeasts. They are administered in different quantities that allow for colon colonization. These products help in stimulating health promoting flora and also suppressing the pathologic colonization and disease spread. Probiotics are "live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. " The term "probiotic" was first used in 1965, by Lilly and Stillwell, to describe substances secreted by one organism which stimulates the growth of another. The use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapy, and irradiation, among other means of treatment, may cause alterations in the composition and have an effect on the gut flora. Therefore, the introduction of beneficial bacterial species to gastrointestinal tract may be a very attractive option to reestablish the microbial equilibrium and prevent disease. Probiotics are not the same thing as prebiotics - nondigestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms already in people′s colons. When probiotics and prebiotics are mixed together, they form a symbiotic. The use of probiotic plays an important aspect in dentistry too ever since the oral infections occupied the prime space among the other infections effecting the humans. This concept of microbial ecologic change both for medical and dental changes has accumulated a lot of evidence in recent times. However, to date, no substantial literature and use have been postulated.
Product innovation and performance in SME’s: the role of the creative process and risk taking

ABSTRACT Creativity is an essential source of innovation for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Moreover, one challenge in SMEs is to transform the novel and useful ideas that arise from creativity into innovation, hence the interest of researchers in advancing knowledge in this area. This study analyses: (a) how the creative process influences the results of creativity, (b) the role that risk-taking plays as a mediator in the relationship between creativity and product innovation, and (c) the impact of innovation on the performance of SMEs. The research model is validated with data from 139 Chilean industrial SMEs, using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results show the importance of the creative process is different stages in SMEs. It also shows that risk-taking serves as an enabler in SMEs’ ability to turn creativity into product innovation. We conclude our findings by illustrating the positive effect of product innovation on SMEs’ performance, a crucial issue in their competitiveness. These findings allow managers to verify that creativity is not a random result but an intentional process.
Analysis of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity in the midgut of Africanized Apis mellifera selected for tolerance to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam

Agrochemicals are considered one of the factors responsible for the decline of bee population in the world, causing a huge amount of losses. The organism of these insects seeks an alternative for their survival and adaptive factors can be triggered, such as the action of antioxidant substances, which can promote protection via the digestive system. This study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic activity and total antioxidant capacity in the midgut of adult Apis mellifera workers that had been selected since 2015 to be tolerant to the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam. For this, tolerant and non-tolerant honeybees were contaminated with thiamethoxam for 24 hours. Then the midgut was dissected for the enzymatic analysis. The results obtained showed that tolerant bees presented a significant result regarding the enzymatic activity and total antioxidant capacity for the reduction of damage caused by thiamethoxam when compared to the non-tolerant group.
Recent View on Heterologous Expression of Thermostable Fungal Cellulases, Focused on Expression Factory of Pichia Pastoris

Thermophilic fungal cellulases are promising enzymes play remarkable functional role in the industrial production of biofuel, detergent and textile, pulp and paper. Fungi are the most robust specie among all organisms having the ability of cellulases production, while most of them cannot tolerate to high temperature. A kind of newly discovered fungi, thermophilic fungi are the only well studied eukaryotes that can tolerate and stably cultivate at temperatures over 45°C. On behalf of these characteristics thermophilic fungi have been received mounting interest and their thermostable enzymes are much warranted. In the recent years, thermophilic cellulases have significant development in many features, such as components purification and characterization of the cellulases, perception of the degradation mode of cellulose, cloning and expression of cellulase genes, finding out the designs and shapes of cellulase components, enhancing the characteristics of cellulases through fusion and mutation processes , considering associations in the structure and function of cellulases and showing the industrial potential of cellulases. Pichia pastoris a methylotrophic yeast is an extensively exploited expression system for the heterologous enzymes production. With numerous beneficial characteristics such as growth to high cell density and high competence for enzymes secretion has emerged P. pastoris a promising expression host, besides P. pastoris provides a strong, methanol inducible promoter of the alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) gene used in the expression host to enhance the utility of expression system. This review illustrates heterologous expression of highly thermostable fungal cellulases especially focused on thermophilic endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and β-glucosidases in P. pastoris.
Citizens as Complicits: Distrust in Politicians and Biased Social Dissemination of Political Information

Widespread distrust in politicians is often attributed to the way elites portray politics to citizens: the media, competing candidates, and foreign governments are largely considered responsible for portraying politicians as self-interested actors pursuing personal electoral and economic interests. This article turns to the mass level and considers the active role of citizens in disseminating such information. We build on psychological research on human cooperation, holding that people exhibit an interpersonal transmission bias in favor of information on the self-interested, antisocial behavior of others to maintain group cooperation. We posit that this transmission bias extends to politics, causing citizens to disproportionally disseminate information on self-interested politicians through interpersonal communication and, in turn, contributes to distrust in politicians and policy disapproval. We support these predictions using novel experimental studies, allowing us to observe transmission rates and opinion effects in actual communication chains. The findings have implications for understanding and accommodating political distrust.
Influence of metastable atoms in low pressure magnetized radio-frequency argon discharges

One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with Monte Carlo collisions are used to investigate the influence of metastable atoms in low pressure radio-frequency argon discharges with magnetic fields ranging from 0 G to 60 G. Two metastable levels of argon species are included and tracked as particles, enabling multistep ionization and metastable pooling. At low magnetic fields, the metastable argon atoms have little influence on the discharge. At higher magnetic fields, the electron density increases and the electron temperature decreases at the center of the discharge with the inclusion of metastable atoms. The reduction in electron temperature is attributed to the depletion of energetic electrons due to low-energy-threshold reactions related to the metastable atoms. The reduced electron temperature leads to a reduction in the total ionization rate, albeit the contribution of multistep ionization increases with the magnetic field. The suppression of plasma diffusion at low electron temperatures plays a greater role than the reduction in ionization rate, resulting in a higher electron density. A transformation in metastable density profiles from parabolic to saddle type is observed with the increase in the magnetic field. Metastable atoms may play an important role in modulating the electron temperature in low pressure magnetized discharges.
The mechanics of asymmetric spindle positioning in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo

The forces involved in the asymmetric positioning of the mitotic spindle during first cleavage of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo are investigated. By using a lasermicrodissection apparatus it is demonstrated that the forces responsible for the observed movements are under the control of genes involved in the establishment of cell polarity. The tensile stress present in each one of the microtubule asters is studied, and it is shown that Galphaactivator proteins are involved in the generation of cortical forces. The results are summarized in a mathematical model, which is capable of reproducing essential features of the positioning behaviour of the mitotic spindle.
Effectiveness and persistence of biological control of nematodes in sugarcane

The objective this study was to investigate the effect of use of Bacillus subtilis to control nematodes, considering the hypothesis that the efficacy and persistence of biological control is equivalent to chemical control with respect to the community of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus zeae in soil during the growth of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). For this study, soil was collected from cultivated area of sugarcane with a history of nematode infestation. The following treatments were established: control, B. subtilis (AP-3), B. subtilis (PRBS-1) and chemical nematicide (carbofuran). Evaluations of nematodes in soil were taken in intervals of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days, respectively after planting. The application of B. subtilis in the soil caused the reduction of nematode reproduction factor evaluated in the soil, but also reduced the presence of nematodes in the final evaluation in the roots of sugarcane, similar to chemical treatment (carbofuran). In this study, it was concluded that biological treatment was equivalent to the chemical treatment on the efficacy of nematode control on sugarcane. The persistence of suppressiveness in Meloidogyne spp. and P. zeae provided by the treatments with B. subtilis and carbofuran was confirmed during the study.
A Comprehensive Review on the Corrosion Pathways of Titanium Dental Implants and Their Biological Adverse Effects

The main aim of this work was to perform a comprehensive review of findings reported by previous studies on the corrosion of titanium dental implants and consequent clinical detrimental effects to the patients. Most studies were performed by in vitro electrochemical tests and complemented with microscopic techniques to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the protective passive oxide film layer, namely TiO2. Results revealed that bacterial accumulation, dietary, inflammation, infection, and therapeutic solutions decrease the pH of the oral environment leading to the corrosion of titanium. Some therapeutic products used as mouthwash negatively affect the corrosion behavior of the titanium oxide film and promote changes on the implant surface. In addition, toothpaste and bleaching agents, can amplify the chemical reactivity of titanium since fluor ions interacting with the titanium oxide film. Furthermore, the number of in vivo studies is limited although corrosion signs have been found in retrieved implants. Histological evaluation revealed titanium macro- and micro-scale particles on the peri-implant tissues. As a consequence, progressive damage of the dental implants and the evolution of inflammatory reactions depend on the size, chemical composition, and concentration of submicron- and nanoparticles in the surrounding tissues and internalized by the cells. In fact, the damage of the implant surfaces results in the loss of material that compromises the implant surfaces, implant-abutment connections, and the interaction with soft tissues. The corrosion can be an initial trigger point for the development of biological or mechanical failures in dental implants.
The meat of the matter: an evolutionary perspective on human carnivory

ABSTRACT Natural selection, as both a process and a scientific concept, is eloquently simple. Unfortunately, this simplicity sometimes belies Darwin’s broader view of evolution as a multifaceted process that proceeds from both ecological pressures and phylogenetic history. Darwin further understood that it is not just physical traits that are transmitted generationally, but also behavioural patterns, both of which are subject to the shaping influences of environment and phylogeny. Chimpanzees, bonobos and humans are the most carnivorous extant primates, an observation that serves as the basis of our extended argument that vertebrate predation is a synapomorphy of these sister taxa. From there, we use archaeological data to trace the inferred polarity of hominin carcass foraging and meat-eating from their first archaeological indications ∼2.6 million years ago (Mya). A review of the early Pleistocene African record demonstrates that taphonomic evidence of a hominin predatory/meat-eating behavioral module clarifies ∼2.0 Mya, a critical time period characterised by traces of advanced carcass foraging, which, in turn, suggest that an earlier phase(s) of vertebrate capture by hominins was/were simpler. In rounding out this meta-analytical consideration of hominin carnivory, we draw on comparative primatology, ecology and archaeology in order to build a holistic model of this fundamental behavioural adaptation.
Physicochemical Properties of White (Morus alba) and Black (Morus nigra) Mulberry Leaves, a New Food Supplement

Mulberry foliage is used to feed silkworms and others herbivorous animals due to it is highly nutritious and palatable. A large number of studies have shown the phenolic profiles of mulberry leaves. This study investigated chemical and morphological characterisation of mulberry clones leaves of Morus alba and Morus nigra. Fresh leaves samples of seven mulberry clones, four white (Morus alba) three black (Morus nigra) clones were manually collected, after collection, the samples were washed with distilled water and lyophilized. Morphological characterisation generally showed the entire leaf, almada type, base was emarginated, coined and retasa, leaf margin was acutado-serrated. Leaf weight of mulberry species ranged from 2 to 3.4 g, and peduncle length, from 37.7 to 55.9 mm. The main mineral elements in both species were Ca followed by N, K and Mg, but the in leaves of M. alba had slightly higher content than M. nigra, and all clones showed high concentrations of Fe, while sodium was 0.01 g/100 g dw in all the clones. The protein, and crude fiber, contents ranged between 13.4 (MN3) – 19.4 % dw (MA3), and 3.6 (MA3) - 8.4 g/100 g dw (MN3), respectively; M. alba generally presented had higher protein content than M. nigra, however M. nigra in general showed higher contents fiber than M. alba. Moisture ranged from 51.1 (MN3) to 66.9% (MA3) fw. Organic acids quantified, were citric (from 32.2 to 105.5 mg/100 g fw), and malic (from 43.7 to 72.5 mg/100 g fw). Mulberry leaves might be a source of new food supplements or functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
Chemistry in Aromatherapy – Extraction and Analysis of Essential Oils from Plants of Chamomilla recutita, Cymbopogon nardus, Jasminum officinale and Pelargonium graveolens

Aromatheraphy refers to the application of essential oils to treat diseases. Essential oils come from natural plants, with characteristic odor. Apart from aromatherapy, they had been used for thousands of years in many home products,such as cosmetic and mosquito repellents. Due to their different active ingredients, each essential oil has slightly difference in their functions. For example, Chamomile oil extracted from Chamomilla recutita can be used in anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and has a function of sedation; Citronella oil extracted from Cymbopogon nardus is mainly used as mosquito repellent; Jasmine oil extracted from Jasminum officinale can be used for antidepressant and antiseptic; and Geranium oil extracted from Pelargonium graveolens can reduce inflammation, treat acne and alleviate anxiety. In our study, the essential oils were extracted from the corresponding plants by either steam distillation or Soxhlet extraction, and the chemical analysis of their active ingredients were performed by GC-MS. Most of the components in essential oils belong to monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids or oxygenated terpenes.
Emitter-site specificity of hard x-ray photoelectron Kikuchi-diffraction

High-resolution full-field imaging of (kx, ky) photoelectron distributions (k-resolution 0.03 Å−1, angular resolution 0.03° at 6.7 keV) in a large field of view (up to 16 Å−1 dia.) allows to observe fine details in Kikuchi-type diffractograms. Alongside with the element specificity via core-level spectra, this method opens a new avenue to structural analysis using hard x-ray photoelectron diffraction (hXPD). Here we present a theoretical study of the emitter-site specificity by simulating hXPD patterns for arbitrary positions of emitter atoms in the unit cell. Using the Bloch wave approach to photoelectron diffraction from lattice planes, the diffraction patterns from a number of positions in the unit cell can be obtained simultaneously exploiting the reciprocity theorem. Simulations for dopant atoms and dopant multimers (dimers, trimers, clusters) in the Si lattice at various positions in the unit cell reveal a strong site-sensitivity in terms of dramatic changes in the diffraction patterns with emitter-atom position. The results are compared with measurements for Si hyperdoped with Te.
Psychological Capital, Personality Traits of Big-Five, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Task Performance: Testing Their Relationships

This study’s primary purpose is to explore the psychological capital roles and personality traits of Big-Five in predicting OCB (organizational citizenship behavior) and performance of task in Indonesia’s electricity sector. The data were gathered from the employees of four major cities in Indonesia, in Southeast Sulawesi, comprising 246 employees. The data were analyzed utilizing a PLS (partial least squares) based SEM (structural equation modeling) technique. The findings indicate that the psychological capital and personality traits of Big-Five relate significantly to OCB and the performance of task. Nevertheless, against our expectations, OCB does not significantly relate to the performance of task. This study also discusses the findings’ further implications. In terms of practical implications, the findings of this research stipulate that psychological capital and Big-Five personality traits aimed to improve employee performance and can be most effective if specifically targeted at OCB. Given that both variables play an important role to promote OCB, caring training initiatives that focus on mutual help can be very valuable for organizational improvement. In a managerial perspective, organizations can increase OCB by conducting open communication strategies between managers and employees to further stimulate and strengthen the ability of employees to display extra-role behaviors.
Usefulness of Immature Granulocytes to Predict High Coronary SYNTAX Score in Acute Coronary Syndrome; a Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Immature granulocytes (IG) in peripheral blood indicate increased bone marrow activation and inflammation, and SYNTAX score (SS) is an anatomical scoring system based on coronary angiogram. This study, aimed to evaluate the relationship between IG and SS, as a new inflammatory marker in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Patients aged >18 years who were diagnosed with ACS in the emergency department were included in this study, which was planned as a cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups of patients with high and low SSs according to coronary angiography results. Demographic and laboratory parameters were compared between the groups. Results: Our study consisted of 78 patients diagnosed with ACS, who met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the study group was 59 years, and 67.9% of the patients were male. 21 patients (26.9%) had high SSs and 57 patients (73.1%) had low SSs. Mean IG% was significantly higher in high SS group compared to low SS group (0.71±0.25 vs 0.44±0.21 mg/dl, p<0.001). IG% can present a high SS with 76.2% sensitivity and 75.4% specificity at a cut-off value of 0.7. Conclusion: IG was significantly higher in ACS patients with high SSs. It seems that IG can be used as a parameter, which is quickly accessible and cheap, in order to predict high SS in ACS patients in daily clinical practice.
Paternalistik Liderliğin Hizmet İnovasyon Davranışı Üzerine Etkisinin ve İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolünün Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi ile Test Edilmesi (Impact of Paternalistic Leadership on Service Innovation Behavior and the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction with Testing of Structural Equation Mode

Yöntem – Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Paternalistik Liderlik Ölçeği, Hizmet İnovasyon Davranış Ölçeği, İş Tatmin Ölçeği ve demografik ve bireysel özellikleri belirlemeye yönelik soruların yer aldığı dört bölümden oluşan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bir kamu hastanesinde görev yapan 348 sağlık çalışanı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada paternalistik liderliğin hizmet inovasyon davranışı üzerine etkisi ve iş tatmininin aracılık rolü yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile test edilmiştir.
Piecewise Polynomial Approximation Method for Convolution With Large Kernel

Image processing became a vital role in autonomous driving systems. In recent years, high-resolution cameras are starting to gain popularity and economically feasible to mount on mass-produced cars. To utilize all data from high-resolution cameras, we need to have large image kernels, which need to be processed on real-time embedded systems. For this purpose, we introduce new numerical methods for convolutional computation using piecewise polynomials approximation on filters. The computation of these methods does not increase by the size of the kernels, because the complexity depends on the control points of approximation. Also, it does not require additional hardware and does not have a limitation on memory size. Hence, our method is a good alternative for computing convolution with large filters in real-time embedded systems.