Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sonic Tracking of Burbot in Lake Opeongo, Ontario

Abstract The diel movements of seven adult burbot Lota lota, 55–67 cm in total length, were seasonally monitored with sonic tags in Lake Opeongo during 1989 and 1991 to determine patterns of activity and habitat use. Burbot were inactive during daylight hours, began moving near dusk, and moved throughout each night until dawn. In the summer, burbot moved more slowly and occupied deeper water than in the spring. Swimming speed appeared to increase in the fall. Burbot occupied the same local areas within seasons and between years. Burbot were sometimes active in 20°C water for extended periods at night but moved to cooler water during the day. Burbot seemed to use an area-restricted searching pattern. None of the burbot were located in water less than 2 m deep.
A plausible mechanism for initiation of dust explosions by electrostatic spark discharges in industrial practice

A study of ignition of dust clouds by electrostatic spark discharges triggered by the explosive dust cloud itself has been performed. This trigger mechanism probably operates when dust explosions are initiated accidentally by electrostatic sparks in real industrial situations. In conventional methods for determining the minimum ignition energy (MIE) of dust clouds in the laboratory, the delay between dust cloud generation and spark discharge can be chosen at liberty to create the most favourable conditions for ignition. However, this degree of freedom does not exist in an accidental industrial situation. The present investigation nevertheless indicates that for some dusts MIE values produced by the inherent dust cloud trigger method are only modestly higher than values for the same dusts obtained by standard laboratory methods. For other dusts, however, the discrepancies were considerable, and a possible main reason for this is suggested. As opposed to the spark triggering methods used in current standard MIE testing of dusts, the inherent dust triggering method also works for spark energies < 1 mJ. It is suggested, therefore, that a new standard MIE test for dust clouds for the MIE range < 1 mJ may be developed based on this method of spark triggering. In addition to resembling an electrostatic spark ignition mechanism likely to operate in practice, this triggering method also simplifies the test apparatus. If required, an additional series inductance can easily be incorporated in the discharge circuit. However, before apparatus and test method can be specified it is necessary to resolve some remaining puzzles.
Detecting co-ordinated activities from persistent surveillance

Unmanned aerial vehicles have become an indispensable tool for the US military. Airborne platforms using wide-area motion imagery (WAMI) sensors can capture square miles of video data for hours or days at a time (see Figure 1). However, there are simply not enough analysts to manually detect the activities of interest within these tremendous data volumes: activities such as an ambush preparation or materials transportation. To realize the true potential of persistent surveillance for intelligence, we need automated tools that can scour terabytes of data to detect the co-ordinated activities of multiple entities. The goal of our research is to create and validate algorithms that can infer the patterns of such activities and statistically search through large, multi-intelligence data to detect behaviors of interest.1 For surveillance purposes, we consider everyday life to be comprised of activities that form patterns. Most are benign and planned, like driving to work or attending a school function. However, the patterns of malicious intent, such as emplacing improvised explosive devices or insurgent reconnaissance, are often hidden to analysts, obscured in a vast canvas of irrelevant behaviors and ambiguous data. In our research, we present an enhanced model of multi-entity activity recognition for detecting these patterns in wide-area motion imagery.1 Most existing methods for imageand video-based activity recognition rely on rich visual features and motion patterns to classify entities and their actions, for example distinguishing an individual who is running, or identifying a vehicle as a pick-up truck. WAMI data, which can cover up to tens of square miles, can contain hundreds or thousands of individuals and vehicles. But given the low-resolution gray-scale format, people and cars appear ant-like at 5-7 pixels each (see Figure 2). Zoom in on an entity and one loses the big picture. Zoom out and you have a Figure 1. Depiction of wide-area persistent surveillance. EO: electrooptical (sensor). FOV: field of view. (Photo courtesy of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency).
Study on Characteristics of Sound Absorption of Underwater Visco-elastic Coated Compound Structures

Visco-elastic damping materials containing kinds of air-filled, fluid-filled microspheres or cylindrical cavities have been widely used in various areas involving the coating of water-borne structure to reduce acoustic echoes to active sonar systems. As a special damping material, rubber has attracted great interest in the field of vibration and noise for its low Young’s modulus and high strain recovery features. Based on wave transfer propagation theory in infinite layered medium, sound absorption performance for underwater compound damping structures is investigated using transfer matrix method.A new anechoic coating containing different varying sectional cavities is proposed. Simulation results show that the new anechoic coating keeps good absorption performance in high frequency and its sound absorption coefficient is increased notably in low frequency. Simulations also show that the property of rubber material influences structural sound absorption greatly. Soft rubber as well as those with large loss factor may improve sound absorption performance of the whole structure remarkably. New anechoic coating containing varying sectional cavities have great advantages over the uniform compound structures. It's a good way to make different varying sectional cavities inside multi-layered rubber compound structures for improving sound absorption property. The sound absorption coefficient can be modulated by changing the thickness of the three different varying sectional cavities, and not the more the cavities are, the better sound absorption will achieve. As a new kind of complex multilayered rubber compound structures, compound structure containing varying sectional cavities has better sound absorption property than rubber interlayer with cylindrical cavities compound structure and homogeneous rubber compound structure.
Indoor imaging visible light positioning with sampled sparse light source and mobile device

Indoor visible light positioning becomes attractive due to the increasing demands of location-based services. This Letter proposes an indoor imaging visible light positioning scheme with a sampled sparse light source, image sensor, and gyro. An indoor positioning cellular with a single reference light source and an off-the-shelf mobile device is demonstrated. Experimental results show that the 3-dimensional positioning error is only several centimeters even with a rotated, rolled, and pitched mobile device. The proposed scheme is convenient and cost effective because the transmitter takes advantage of the existing lighting infrastructure and the receiver is a commercial mobile phone without any extra accessories.
Prevention and Compensation of Muddy Flows: Some Economic Insights

Recent surveys report the increasing number of muddy flows in many areas, and point out the fact that agricultural practices (among others) influence significantly the risk and severity of muddy flows. In this paper, we investigate the economic incentives that can be given to the farmer to adopt different practices. We propose an original economic instrument that entails an `ambient tax', voluntary revelations and a compensation fund. Because of the authorities' difficulties to be informed of each farmer's individual efforts, the tax cannot depend on the individual but on the collective level of efforts. However, each agent may lower his tax payment by revealing his individual efforts to the regulator so that high efforts may be rewarded compared to low ones. The tax revenue is used to supply a fund that is dedicated to the compensation of victims if a muddy flow occurs. hence it is possible to simultaneously increase the incentives for farmers to adopt more environmentally friendly practices and to improve the compensation of victims without mitigating their incentives to protect themselves against the risk of muddy flow.
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SEMs) Supply Chain Coordinative Innovation Motivations

Small and medium-sized enterprises should take innovation activities if they will get development well, at the same time, making collaboration with other firms is the key for their innovation. This paper discusses several different motivations for SEMs supply chain to make innovative collaboration: (1) the needs of innovation development for SEMs; (2) risks sharing and complementary resources; (3) threats and temptations from innovative small and medium-sized enterprises. While SEMs accounted for most of the total of enterprises, so their development is related to the economics of society. Making effective measures for SEMs supply chain’s innovative collaboration is important. Introduction Small and medium-sized enterprises (SEMs) have played important roles on the growth of economics and the increasing employment. However, as the rapid development of globalization, SEMs have faced giant challenges and chances: on one hand, SEMs have to improve their innovation capabilities to adapt to the fierce competition. Because of their flexible system of organization and strong adaptability, SEMs’ innovation efficiency are higher than those large corporations[1][2]; On the other hand, with the limited scale and resources, SEMs hardly bear enormous pressure on RD Second, SEMs will sell processed products to downstream firms. As well, SEMs must satisfy the strict requirements that buyers propose about the quality, price and delivery, etc[4]. International Conference on Economic Management and Trade Cooperation (EMTC 2014) © 2014. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 157
Major Constituents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Essential Oil

Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zanthoxylum armatum essential oil was analyzed. A total of 3 samples (500 g/e ach) were collectedat6:00 am; 12:00 noon; and 6:00 pm in the same day. The essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation in Clevenger apparatus and their chemical compositions were determined by the GC-MS system. The eleven most abundant ingredientswere bornyl acetate (16.61-22.66%), cymene (8.25-12.50%), �± -copaene (7.54-7.59%), �≥ -terpinene (5.33-7.66%), camphene (4.32-4.66%), limonene (2.66-4.68%), linalool (3.28 -3.58%), �≤ -ocimene (3.24-3.36%),transcaryophyllene (2.54-3.46%), �± -terpinolene (2.32-3.36%) and germacrene (2.02-2.85%). Antioxidant activity was examined by 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Ascorbic acid was used as standard. Essential oil exhibited significant antiox idant activity. The IC 50 of the oil was found 27.0± 0.1 �og/ml and that of ascorbic acid 15.0± 0.5 �og/ml. Essential oil ofZ. armatum also exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. The results showed that the gram-positive bacteriaaremore sensitivity to the essential oil than gram negative bacteria.
Adsorption of Low Concentration Formaldehyde in Air Using Ethylene-Diamine-Modified Diatomaceous Earth

ABSTRACTFormaldehyde is one of the most common difficult-to-eliminate indoor air pollutants. Among the available methods of eliminating formaldehyde, adsorption is still the most commonly used due to its simplicity, efficiency, and economic viability. This study investigated the potential of diatomaceous earth (DE) adsorbent for formaldehyde (low concentration in air). DE was considered because of its high silica content and high porosity. It also examined the effect of adding ethylene-diamine (EDA) on the adsorption performance of DE. Amine groups have been proven to improve the adsorption of formaldehyde through their reaction that produces imine. The amount of added EDA was varied from 0.25 to 0.75 g per gram of DE. For pure DE adsorbent, the adsorption performance was 298 mg/g. Adding 0.75 g of EDA resulted in maximum DE adsorption performance (565 mg/g). EDA-modified DE was shown to be a potential adsorbent for removing formaldehyde in air.
Antimicrobial activity of caatinga biome ethanolic plant extracts against gram negative and positive bacteria

The search for phytotherapeutic (medicinal plant) treatments has been intensified in recent decades. The abusive use ofantimicrobial drugs, selection of resistant bacteria and inadequate handling conditions are issues that have an impact onveterinary medicine. With this in mind, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extractsof caatinga biome plants against pathogens of veterinary interest. Six ethanolic extracts of plants existing in the Caatingabiome of the Pernambuco semi-arid region were used, namely: Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith, Selaginella convolutaArn. (Spring), Hymenaea courbaril L. , Neoglaziovia variegata (Arruda) Mez. , Bromelia laciniosa Mart. and Encholirium spectabileMart. The antibacterial activity of these extracts was tested against. gram negative and positive bacteria. The minimumbactericidal concentration (MBC) for each extract was determined. Tests were carried out in triplicate. Antibacterial activities inthe genuses studied were found for the extracts evaluated, with the exception of Proteus spp. , Nocardia spp. , Staphylococcuscaprae and Streptococcus agalactiae. Amburana cearensis and Neoglaziovia variegata exhibited the lowest MBC values.Considering the low cost of phytotherapy and the activity of the caatinga biome plants, other studies related to the activity invivo and the phytochemical characterization become necessary
Stereo Model Selection and Point Cloud Filtering using an Out-of-Core Octree

Abstract. Dense image matching methods enable the retrieval of dense surface information using any kind of imagery. The best quality can be achieved for highly overlapping datasets, which avoids occlusions and provides highly redundant observations. Thus, images are acquired close to each other. This leads to datasets with increasing size – especially when large scenes are captured. While image acquisition can be performed in relatively short time, more time is required for data processing due to the computational complexity of the involved algorithms. For the dense surface reconstruction task, Multi-View Stereo algorithms can be used – which are typically beneficial due to the efficiency of image matching on stereo models. Our dense image matching solution SURE uses such an approach, where the result of stereo matching is fused using a multi-stereo triangulation in order to exploit the available redundancy. One key challenge of such Multi-View Stereo methods is the selection of suitable stereo models, where object space information should be considered to avoid unnecessary processing. Subsequently, the dense image matching step provides up to one 3D point for each pixel, which leads to massive point clouds. This large amount of 3D data needs to be filtered and integrated efficiently in object space. Within this paper, we present an out-of-core octree, which enables neighborhood and overlap analysis between point clouds. It is used on low-resolution point clouds to support the stereo model selection. Also, this tree is designed for the processing of massive point clouds with low memory requirements and thus can be used to perform outlier rejection, redundancy removal and resampling.
Limit theorems for conditioned non-generic Galton-Watson trees

We study a particular type of subcritical Galton--Watson trees, which are called non-generic trees in the physics community. In contrast with the critical or supercritical case, it is known that condensation appears in certain large conditioned non-generic trees, meaning that with high probability there exists a unique vertex with macroscopic degree comparable to the total size of the tree. Using recent results concerning subexponential distributions, we investigate this phenomenon by studying scaling limits of such trees and show that the situation is completely different from the critical case. In particular, the height of such trees grows logarithmically in their size. We also study fluctuations around the condensation vertex.
Biorefinery approach for the valorization of vine pruning residue

Lignocellulosic biomass (namely vine pruning residue, VPR) conversion into biofuels is considered a promising alternative to replace fossil fuels. In this work, VPR was submitted to hydrothermal treatment under isothermal conditions (180 and 200oC for 10-90min), in order to assess the effect of the treatment on the VPR fractionation. Liquid phase was analyzed for oligosaccharides composition and solid phase was submitted to enzymatic saccharification at liquid to solid ratio of 25 g/g and enzyme to substrate ratio of 25 FPU/g for glucose production. 62% of xylan was solubilized into xylose and xylooligosaccharides (2 and 11 g/L) and 70-98% of glucan remained in the pretreated VPR. Enzymatic saccharification of pretreated VPR was improved with the hardness of treatment. Overall, hydrothermal process (180oC, 60 min) was suitable for the production of xylose and xylooligosaccharides and to obtain a susceptible treated biomass for glucose production (13 g/L with 73% of conversion).
Identification of ADS-B System Vulnerabilities and Threats

Air Transport has witnessed rapid growth in the past decade and it is foreseen it will need to accommodate growth to as many as twice the number of flights, by 2020. This challenging target will require a boost in capacity together with an increase of safety levels. Ground based legacy surveillance systems remain a bottleneck in addressing this challenge. At the forefront of the competing new surveillance technologies is Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) where an aircraft transmits its position based on onboard navigational instruments and a satellite navigation link. The ADS-B system broadcasts information periodically to all aircraft in the immediate vicinity and all surveillance facilities in specified areas. This information can be translated into a 4D trajectory and made available both to the ground controllers and airline crew for better and shared decision making. With any new technology lies uncertainty in system vulnerabilities and threats. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and where possible mitigate vulnerabilities and threats. This is especially true for an air transport system that can deliver capacity and safety improvements. This paper aims at addressing some of the uncertainties in ADS-B; this involves assessing the vulnerabilities and threats in the transmission and computation information path through examination of the system critical elements. As opposed to previous ADS-B system assessments which concentrate on procedural remedies for technical problems, this paper focuses on technical solutions for the problems. The system elements are explored using TOWS analysis addressing different types of network intrusions, message spoofing, and communication malfunction activities. Some vulnerability and threat mitigation strategies based on TOWS analysis are then developed.
Household Income Levels as a Driver of Residential Solar Panel Adoption

The traditional electrical grid, also known as Power Grid, is used to carry power from a few central generators to a large number of users. These Power Grids across U.S. are outdated, have reached their capacities, and need to be upgraded with modern technologies to continue delivery of required levels of energy demand. Furthermore, the overall societal costs resulting from grid blackouts are considered unacceptable (North American Reliability Council (NERC), 2009); therefore, the utility industry needs to respond quickly. The issues are compounded by the current trend of consumers adding distributed generation equipment to the grid, including the growth in solar panels’ installations and use of electric vehicles. While presenting a significant societal issue, it also offers a large business opportunity. The global solar power market is growing rapidly, estimated to reach a value of $130.5 billion U.S. dollars by 2021. The global market for total distributed generation as measured by solar panels, wind power, and biofuel was estimated at $246.1 billion in 2011 and is projected to reach $386 billion U.S. dollars in 2021. This research identifies and examines drivers of residential solar panel adoption in California. Regression analysis of 106198 records of solar panel installations in California for the years 2007–2013 was performed against demographic data for 1,733 zip codes. The research has quantified a positive relationship between household income levels and adoption patterns of solar panels in California. The results can be used to better project revenue growth in the renewables sector as well as enhance predictive analysis of utility capital investments. Also, these results could lead to a better understanding of future business models for operating utility assets
Equity Gap on the Venture Capital Market in the Czech Republic

Venture capital has high possible impacts on growth of national economies. However, venture capital is rarely used in the Czech Republic. Particularly, early-stage venture capital financing is very low in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, business angels’ networks do not adequately take the place of lacking early stage venture capital funds. The venture capital market in the Czech Republic concentrates on larger later-stage investments. These are, however, still insufficient in compare to some other EU countries. The causes of the equity gap discussed are as follows: in the Czech Republic, the participation of pension funds and insurance companies as limited partners in PE/VC is significantly restricted by law, entrepreneurs are not willing to share business with external investors and are often lacking of strategic management knowledge.
PENSION REFORM , RETIREMENT AND LIFE-CYCLE

The labor market effects of pension reform stem from retirement behavior and from job search and hours worked of prime age workers. This paper investigates the impact of four often proposed policy measures for sustainable pensions: strengthening the tax benefit link, moving from wage to price indexation of benefits, lengthening calculation periods, and introducing more actuarial fairness in pension assessment. We provide some analytical results and use a computational model to demonstrate the economic and welfare impact of recent pension reform in Austria. JEL Code: D58, D91, H55, J26, J64.