Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Organizational Performance Index: Definitions and Measurements

Estimating the performance of the organization has always been of interest to management teams and researchers. In this regard, some researchers focused on determining definitions and how to measure organizational performance. The main objective of this study is to overview of organizational performance index definition and performance measurement. The history of performance is classified into six different subcategories. Various ideas and opinions on each of the performance subcategories are discussed. This review paper is applicant for researcher and student to better to understand definition and modelling of performance in organizational studies.
Peak flow responses to clear‐cutting and roads in small and large basins, Western Cascades, Oregon: A second opinion

In this paper, we conduct a reanalysis of methods and data used by Jones and Grant [1996]. Data from three small watersheds (60–101 ha) and three pairs of large basins (60–600 km2) in Oregon's western Cascades were used to evaluate effects of timber harvest and road construction on peak flows. We could not detect any effect of cutting on peak flows in one of the large basin pairs, and results were inconclusive in the other two large basin pairs. One small watershed was 100% clear‐cut, a second was 31% patch‐cut with 6% of the area affected by road construction, and a third was held as a long‐term control. Peak flows were increased up to 90% for the smallest peak events on the clear‐cut watershed and up to 40% for the smallest peak flows on the patch‐cut and roaded watershed. Percentage treatment effects decreased as flow event size increased and were not detectable for flows with 2‐year return intervals or greater on either treated watershed. Treatment effects decreased over time but were still found after 20 years on the clear‐cut watershed but for only 10 years on the patch‐cut and roaded watershed.
Partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms of 3-manifolds with Abelian fundamental groups

We present the first known nontrivial topological obstructions to the existence of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms. In particular, we show that there are no partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on the 3-sphere. More generally, we show that for a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism of a 3-mani-fold with an Abelian fundamental group, the induced action in the first homology group is partially hyperbolic. This improves the results of [4] by dropping the assumption of dynamical coherence.
EVOLUTION OF AN EMERGING CONCEPT: CHARACTERISTICS OF FAKE NEWS AND POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EDUCATION SYSTEM

Worries about the diffusion of fake news and its impact on society have grown considerably in the last few years. Researchers in different fields have recognized the need to better understand the reasons behind its spread and identify strategies to combat it. This article resumes the main results achieved in different fields of knowledge, to define a theoretical framework. We performed a systematic review of recent literature (2013–2018), which showed that even if the concept of “fake news” has attracted a great number of researchers there still isn’t a clear definition of the phenomenon nor a plan on how to combat it. The results suggest the need for education and schools to promote programme and policies that may support pupils in recognizing and defending themselves from fake news at national and international levels.
Large-eddy simulation of high mach number film cooling with shock-wave interaction

The impact of shock waves on supersonic cooling films is studied using large-eddy simulations (LES). A laminar cooling film is injected through a slot at a Mach number Mai = 1.8 into a fully turbulent boundary layer at a freestream Mach number Ma∞ = 2.44. The cooling film is disturbed by oblique shock waves at deflection angles of 5° and 8° at two downstream positions of the slot. At shock impingement close to the slot, i. e. , within the potential-core region, at a flow deflection of 5° , a cooling effectiveness decrease of 33% occurs downstream of the separation bubble compared to a configuration without shock impingement. If the same shock impinges further downstream upon the boundary-layer region, the decrease is only 17%. The stronger 8 degree shock wave at the further downstream impingement position leads to a maximum decrease of 33%.
An E-Assessment Framework for Blended Learning with Augmented Reality to Enhance the Student Learning

The study compared the students’ level of understanding using two scenarios i.e. S1 (Classroom Lectures) and S2 (Lectures based on AR). An independent sample t-test was applied to correlate the results of two groups (experimental and control) and paired s, it is examined that augmented reality learning outperform classroom learning environment in enhancing students’ performance. The result revealed that there is a difference between classroom learning and AR learning. AR experiences have positive effect on , students’ confidence and motivation towards learning are achieved.
Are teachers consistently effective across subject matters? Revisiting the issue of differential teacher effectiveness

ABSTRACT Although consistency in teacher effectiveness has attracted scholarly interest since the 1960s, revived interest in differential teacher effectiveness is recently witnessed, with empirical studies more systematically testing this assumption. Most of these studies, however, focus on cognitive outcomes in “core” subject matters. Drawing on 2 subject matters with differences in teaching context and targeted learning objectives, mathematics and physical education, in this study, we examined how consistent 18 elementary schoolteachers were in promoting student cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes; we also investigated the consistency in instructional quality across their lessons, as measured by a generic observational instrument. The study provides evidence supporting teacher differential effectiveness across curriculum areas. We discuss the practical implications of the study findings for summative and formative teacher evaluation, their theoretical implications for developing differential models of teaching effectiveness, and their methodological implications for exploring teacher effectiveness using value-added models and classroom observation data.
INDIVIDUALIZED SYSTEMS OF INSTRUCTION

This report is intended to assist curriculum developers, administrators, and teachers in the Technical and Further Education (TAPE) system in deciding if and when it is appropriate to introduce individualized systems of instruction in their programs. The first section explains what individualized instruction is and examines the reasons for the recent increased interest in this instructional method. The nest section, which addresses the important variables found in the research literature, suggests that while there are no advantages to self-pacing over group-pacing per se, the individualized approach (particularly Keller's Personalized System of Instruction) generally produces small but significant improvements in student achievement at the secondary level. This approach also appears to produce favorable outcomes because of its use of small steps and requirement of mastery and provision of feedback at every step in the learning process. Evidence supporting the increased benefits of cooperation compared to competition (conventional instruction) or individualistic efforts (individualized instruction) is also provided. The next section compares individualized systems of instruction currently in use in New South Wales, Victoria, and South and Western Australia. The final section discusses the main conclusions drawn from the study with repsect to development and implementation of individualized programs including various innovations that have been or are being introduced in TAM instructional features and educational outcomes; important student, course, and individualized instruction variables in implemented programs; and curriculum development. Three pages of references are provided. (MN)
Relationship Between Parent Satisfaction Regarding Partnerships With Professionals and Age of Child

In the past, the assessment of families' satisfaction with the quality of their partnerships with the professionals who serve their children has been restricted to specific programs or age groups, precluding investigation of the relationship between parents' perspectives on satisfaction and the importance of partnership components for children at different ages. Differences in policies, service models, and family needs at different life-cycle stages suggest a need to understand how satisfaction might differ among parents of children of different ages. In this study, 147 parents completed the Beach Center Family—Professional Partnership Scale to describe the perceived importance of and satisfaction with 18 aspects of their child and family's relationships with their primary service provider. No differences in importance ratings among parents of children ages birth to 3 years, 3 to 5 years, and 6 to 12 years emerged, but there were differences among satisfaction ratings, with parents of older children reporting lower satisfaction. Exploratory analyses relating satisfaction levels across other demographic variables also took place. Implications of these findings for future research and application are discussed.
Hydrological drought explained

Drought is a complex natural hazard that impacts ecosystems and society in many ways. Many of these impacts are associated with hydrological drought (drought in rivers, lakes, and groundwater). It is, therefore, crucial to understand the development and recovery of hydrological drought. In this review an overview is given of the current state of scientific knowledge of definitions, processes, and quantification of hydrological drought. Special attention is given to the influence of climate and terrestrial properties (geology, land use) on hydrological drought characteristics and the role of storage. Furthermore, the current debate about the use and usefulness of different drought indicators is highlighted and recent advances in drought monitoring and prediction are mentioned. Research on projections of hydrological drought for the future is summarized. This review also briefly touches upon the link of hydrological drought characteristics with impacts and the issues related to drought management. Finally, four challenges for future research on hydrological drought are defined that relate international initiatives such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the ‘Panta Rhei’ decade of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). WIREs Water 2015, 2:359–392. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1085 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Using Discriminative Methods to Learn Fashion Compatibility Across Datasets

Determining whether a pair of garments are compatible with each other is a challenging matching problem. Past works explored various embedding methods for learning such a relationship. This paper introduces using discriminative methods to learn compatibility, by formulating the task as a simple binary classification problem. We evaluate our approach using an established dataset of outfits created by non-experts and demonstrated an improvement of ~2.5% on established metrics over the state-of-the-art method. We introduce three new datasets of professionally curated outfits and show the consistent performance of our approach on expert-curated datasets. To facilitate comparing across outfit datasets, we propose a new metric which, unlike previously used metrics, is not biased by the average size of outfits. We also demonstrate that compatibility between two types of items can be query indirectly, and such query strategy yield improvements.
What Sets the Radial Locations of Warm Debris Disks?

The architectures of debris disks encode the history of planet formation in these systems. Studies of debris disks via their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) have found infrared excesses arising from cold dust, warm dust, or a combination of the two. The cold outer belts of many systems have been imaged, facilitating their study in great detail. Far less is known about the warm components, including the origin of the dust. The regularity of the disk temperatures indicates an underlying structure that may be linked to the water snow line. If the dust is generated from collisions in an exo-asteroid belt, the dust will likely trace the location of the water snow line in the primordial protoplanetary disk where planetesimal growth was enhanced. If instead the warm dust arises from the inward transport from a reservoir of icy material farther out in the system, the dust location is expected to be set by the current snow line. We analyze the SEDs of a large sample of debris disks with warm components. We find that warm components in single-component systems (those without detectable cold components) follow the primordial snow line rather than the current snow line, so they likely arise from exo-asteroid belts. While the locations of many warm components in two-component systems are also consistent with the primordial snow line, there is more diversity among these systems, suggesting additional effects play a role.
Corporate Disclosure Measurement

This chapter conducts the study on the use of text mining for corporate disclosure measurement. During the last few decades, research on corporate disclosure has received significant concentration from the researchers. Corporate disclosure measurement has been used by researchers to reveal the real-world scenario of corporate disclosure practice. Very often, the researchers have used content analysis for making comments on the corporate disclosure practice. This chapter investigates the usability of text mining approaches for measuring the corporate disclosure. To do this, stages and general techniques of text mining have been discussed. The usability and advantages of text mining approaches for corporate disclosure measurement have been investigated. And prospective stages of text mining have been proposed to measure the corporate disclosure. The investigation and study indicates that text mining can contribute significantly to measure the corporate disclosure.
Intercultural Negotiations: Issues and Challenges in the Oil and Gas Industry from Malaysian Perspective

There have been numerous studies on the strategies of intercultural negotiations within the western contexts and cultures, however there has been limited number of studies that examine intercultural negotiations from the Malaysian perspectives specifically in the context of oil and gas industry. This paper reports an investigation into negotiating styles adopted by Malaysian personnel in the oil and gas industry when dealing with foreign counterparts. This aim of the study is achieved through a qualitative approach by interviewing three highly experienced negotiators in the industry on their negotiation experience throughout their multinational negotiation assignments. The interview outcome provides implications for practical recommendations which identify different stands taken by the negotiators in different situations.
Consistency of semi-supervised learning algorithms on graphs: Probit and one-hot methods

Graph-based semi-supervised learning is the problem of propagating labels from a small number of labelled data points to a larger set of unlabelled data. This paper is concerned with the consistency of optimization-based techniques for such problems, in the limit where the labels have small noise and the underlying unlabelled data is well clustered. We study graph-based probit for binary classification, and a natural generalization of this method to multi-class classification using one-hot encoding. The resulting objective function to be optimized comprises the sum of a quadratic form defined through a rational function of the graph Laplacian, involving only the unlabelled data, and a fidelity term involving only the labelled data. The consistency analysis sheds light on the choice of the rational function defining the optimization.
RehaBot: Gamified Virtual Assistants Towards Adaptive TeleRehabilitation

This paper introduces 'RehaBot', a framework for building adaptive serious games in the context of telerehabilitation. RehaBot takes advantage of 3D motion tracking and virtual reality devices, to develop an immersive and gamified telerehabilitation environment. A personalized and adaptive gaming system is developed, which allows patients to perform exercises with the help of embedded virtual assistants, hereafter called 'rehab bots', that are dynamically displayed within scenes to guide the patient through the different sets of gestures required to complete the session. These rehab bots have the ability to learn and adapt to the best level of difficulty in real-time based on the user performance. An intelligent alerting and automatic correction technique is incorporated within our engine, so that pre-calculated gesture patterns are correlated and matched with patients' gestures. Consequently, the system estimates the perceived difficulty of gestures by the patient, and automatically adjusts the game behavior to ensure a highly engaging and adaptive gaming experience. Furthermore, multimodal instructions are conveyed to users with details on joints that are not performing as expected, and to guide them towards improving the current gesture. A pilot study has been conducted to prove the usability and effectiveness of our adaptive physiotherapy solution.
Driving Persuasive Games with Personal EEG Devices: Strengths and Weaknesses

Recovering from Stroke can be a very long and stressful process. It may involve several months or years of exercise and other medical routines that could be both painful and uninteresting. Most people suffering from stroke tend to lose their basic motor functions and it may take a series of exercises to gain back their full manual dexterity. There is a need for a variety of interventions to make these exercises engaging and exciting, to ease the burden of stroke rehabilitation. This paper explores the possibility of using portable personal electroencephalogram (EEG) devices with persuasive games as a tool for stroke rehabilitation. It looks at the major limitations and strengths of using personal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) for stroke rehabilitation. The paper also presents the design and development of a Brain-Computer Interface persuasive game called Rock Evaders, that aims to motivate people recovering from stroke to carry out their rehabilitation exercises in an exciting and engaging way.
Structural Agnostic Modeling: Adversarial Learning of Causal Graphs

A new causal discovery method, Structural Agnostic Modeling (SAM), is presented in this paper. Leveraging both conditional independencies and distributional asymmetries in the data, SAM aims at recovering full causal models from continuous observational data along a multivariate non-parametric setting. The approach is based on a game between $d$ players estimating each variable distribution conditionally to the others as a neural net, and an adversary aimed at discriminating the overall joint conditional distribution, and that of the original data. An original learning criterion combining distribution estimation, sparsity and acyclicity constraints is used to enforce the end-to-end optimization of the graph structure and parameters through stochastic gradient descent. Besides the theoretical analysis of the approach in the large sample limit, SAM is extensively experimentally validated on synthetic and real data.
Extremely subradiant states in a periodic one-dimensional atomic array

We study the subradiant collective states of a periodic chain of two-level atoms with either transversal or longitudinal transition dipole moments with respect to the chain axis. We show that long-lived subradiant states can be obtained for the transversal polarization by properly choosing the chain period for a given number of atoms in the case of no open diffraction channels. These highly subradiant states have a linewidth that decreases with the number of atoms much faster than it was shown previously. In addition, our study shows that such states are present even if there are additional interaction channels between the atoms, i.e. they interact via waveguide mode of an optical nanofiber for instance. We develop a theoretical framework allowing to describe the spectral properties of the system in terms of contributions from each collective eigenstate and we show that subradiant states manifest themselves in the transmission and reflection spectra, allowing to observe interaction-induced transparency in a very narrow spectral range. Such long-lived collective states may find potential applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics.
The Impact of Economic Crises on the Activity of SMEs in Romania

Never before the future of economic recovery and development, both in Romania and in Europe has depended so much as today on the SMEs sector evolution, because, in the current context, SMEs are the most dynamic factor in economic development and social inclusion, because of their potential for competitiveness and innovation and the ability to create and maintain jobs. Economic successes and failures of the enterprises in Romania are determined, to a large extent, by managerial skill, work quality of the personnel employed, structure of production, final product, the originality of products, economic activities, the number of employees, labor occupation structure, the turnover of enterprises and local units, gross and net investments of businesses, etc. This research paper represents a blueprint for the SMEs sector and also an analysis of the changes in the evolution of active SMEs in Romania due to the impact of the economic crisis of recent years on their activity.