Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of formaldehyde/urea molar ratio in amino resins by near-infrared spectroscopy

New processes for synthesis of urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine-fortified urea-formaldehyde (mUF) resins have been developed in the last years, motivated by the current concerns about the effects of formaldehyde on human health. All these formulations are quite susceptible to possible operation error, which can significantly influence the characteristics of the final product. The main objective of this work was to implement chemometric techniques for off-line monitoring of the product's formaldehyde/urea (F/U) molar ratio using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. This allows the timely implementation of the necessary corrections in case the product is off-specification. Calibration models for F/U molar ratio were developed taking into account the most relevant spectral regions for these resins, individually or in combination (7502–6098 cm−1 and 5000–4246 cm−1) and using different preprocessing methods. When the appropriate spectral range and preprocessing methods are selected, it is possible to obtain calibration models with high correlation values for these resins. The best preprocessing methods were identified for three cases: UF resin (produced by strongly-acid process), mUF resin (alkaline-acid process), and a combined model that involves both UF and mUF resins. It was concluded that significantly better accuracy is obtained when a new model is developed for each particular resin system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Exploring Factors Affecting Sustainable Innovation Performance of Food Firms. A Case of Korean Food Industry

This study examines the influence of government support, research and development (R&D) investment and cooperation networks on sustainable innovation performance of the medium-sized food firms in South Korea. Climate change, population growth, lifestyle change and consumer demands for new products allow firms to explore innovation for sustainable growth. In the food industry, where various stakeholders are involved in the value chain, government support, R&D investment and cooperation are affecting firms’ sustainable performance. However, there are few empirical studies that examine the relationship among them, especially regarding medium-sized food firms. This study aimed to analyze data regarding Korean food firms through a structural equation model. To overcome data scarcity, this study collected new data for 67 medium-sized food firms. The data is matched with the firms’ 10-year data on management, innovation performance, and cooperation networks. This study can contribute to filling the literature gap by exploring what innovation strategies should be used to improve food SMEs’ innovation performance in the latecomer countries, which have developed their food industries relatively recently.
Measurement of fast proton exchange rates in isotopically labeled compounds

Measurement of Fast Proton Exchange Rates in Isotopically Labeled Compounds Gerd Gemmecker,' Wolfgang Jahnke, and Horst Kessler OrganischChemisches Institut, TU Miinchen Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 0-8.5747 Garching, Germany Received June 7 , I993 In the past decade, multidimensional NMR has developed into the premier method for the determination of structures of biomacromolecules in solution. In addition to the commonly used structural parameters derived from dipolar and scalar coupling, the measurement of hydrogen exchange rates has recently gained increasing importance for providing additional information about the structural and dynamical features of molecules, such as solvent accessibility, complexation sites, and hydrogen bonding.1" We propose here a new NMR technique for the convenient determination of fast amide proton exchange rates in uniformly 13Cand ISN-labeled compounds. Proton exchange can take place in different time regimes, with rates ranging from reciprocal milliseconds to reciprocal months. Several methods have been published to determine these exchange rates by NMR spectro~copy. ~. "~ However, the most commonly used techniques can only measure slow exchange rates, since they monitor H-D exchange that cannot resolve rates faster than the time required for acquiring an NMR snapshot of the molecule (Le., a 2D spectrum for reasonably large compound^),^ unless the H-D exchange process can be quenched, as in folding studies.8 Only a few techniques are yet available to determine fast proton exchange rates. Spera et al. have presented a technique that allows the measurement of fast exchange rates of >1 Hz by saturating the water resonance and observing the intensities of the amide resonances in the steady state of saturation transfer and TI rela~ation. ~ The main advantage of this method is the good resolution achieved by using a two-dimensional lH,15NHMQC representation for detection, making it suitable for most (15N labeled) proteins that can be studied by NMR. However, it requires the knowledge of the individual TI times of the amide protons or the assumption of uniform TI values for the whole molecule. Additional sources of error are potential NOE effects from the water, from hydroxyl groups, and from Ha resonances that are also saturated by the rf irradiation. Alternatively, Liepinsh et al. have used buildup rates from 2D exchange spectra to determine hydrogen exchange rates of 5-50 Hz between water and hydroxyl groups in small peptides as well as in BFTI.l0J1 However, this method is only applicable to labile protons with nonoverlapping signals in a one-dimensional proton spectrum and therefore is only of limited use for larger proteins. For this reason we have developed a new method, MEXICO (Measurement of Exchange rates in Isotopically labeled COmpounds), for the determination of fast amide proton exchange rates that avoids most of the drawbacks of other techniques and
Psoas density – an optimal sarcopaenic indicator associated with postoperative complications after colorectal resection for cancer?

Introduction Sarcopaenia seems to be predictive factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality after colorectal resection for cancer. Nevertheless, an ideal sarcopaenic indicator is still to be identified. Aim To evaluate computed tomography (CT) measured total abdominal muscle area (TAMA), total psoas muscle area (TPA), and psoas density (PD) – previously described sarcopaenia indicators – as possible risk factors for postoperative complications in patients after curative colon and rectal resections for colorectal cancer. Material and methods Consecutive patients after elective curative colon or rectal resection for cancer at a single institution were divided into cohorts with uncomplicated postoperative course or complications Clavien-Dindo grade I-II (Cl-Di 0-II) and complications Clavien-Dindo grade III-V (Cl-Di III-V). Cohorts were statistically tested for significant differences in TAMA, TPA, and PD calculated from preoperative staging CT scans at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. Results Data of 112 patients were analysed from a prospectively run database; 65 underwent colon and 47 rectal resections. PD was significantly higher in the Cl-Di 0-II cohort compared to the Cl-Di III-V for both colon (42.67 ±6.52 vs. 40.11 ±7.57 HU, p = 0.002) and rectal resections (44.08 ±5.86 vs. 43.03 ±5.70HU, p = 0.016). TAMA and TPA failed to show significant differences. Conclusions Psoas density is significantly decreased in patients with Clavien-Dindo grade III-V complications after curative resection for colon and rectal cancer. Due to the simplicity and affordability of its assessment from preoperative staging CT scan, it might be considered an optimal sarcopaenic indicator to be utilised in everyday practice.
The Influence of Film and Television IP on Tourism Destination Image Perceived by Tourists

As the mode of "film and television + tourism" continues to heat up, the shooting locations of film and television have become hot travel destinations and internet-famous sites. From the perspective of tourists, this paper selects the popular film and television IP "The Untamed (陈情令)" as the research object, constructs the theoretical analysis framework of film and television IP, cognitive image, emotional image and overall image, and takes the fan tourists who have visited Duyun, Guizhou as the survey samples. It uses exploratory factor analysis, difference analysis and path analysis to conduct empirical research on the impact of film and television IP on tourists' perceived tourism destination image. The aim of this paper is to provide reference for film and television marketing of tourism destinations so as to better tourist experience, improve tourist satisfaction and revisiting rate and promote the sustainable development of hot film and television tourism destinations.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Fixation of Cu-Cr-As Wood Preservatives. Part II. Fixation of Boliden K 33

ist gering. Wie die drei nacheinander durchgeführten Destillationen, die mit verschiedener Destilliergeschwinkeit durchgeführt wurden, zeigen, kann eine fast vollständige Trennung des Phenols vom Methanol erreicht werden. Größere Phenolverluste entstehen offenbar nur bei der destillativen Rückgewinnung des Phenols selbst. Dies zeigt der Vergleich zwischen den im Phenollignin B verbliebenen Phenolmengen und der Phenolbilanz. Versucht man durch längere Destillation einen von ungebundenem Phenol möglichst befreiten rohen Ligninrückstand zu erhalten, so treten Phenolverluste ein, wie sich aus den Ergebnissen des 2. und 3. Versuches ableiten läßt. Bricht man die Destillation jedoch rechtzeitig ab, wie dies beim i. Versuch geschehen ist, so werden die Phenolverluste niedrig gehalten. Allerdings verbleibt dann eine größere Menge von Phenol in der Fraktion des Phenollignins B. Ob für die technische Durchführung des Verfahrens die eine oder die andere Destillationsweise zweckmäßiger ist, müssen weitere Untersuchungen im Zusammenhange mit der Pyrolysierbarkeit des Phenollignins zum Zwecke der Wiedergewinnung von Aufschlußphenolen zeigen. Über die Ergebnisse solcher Arbeiten werden wir demnächst berichten.
Evaluation of Classification Techniques for Identifying Cognitive Load Levels using EEG Signals

Wearable technology is gaining enormous attention among researchers due to their low cost and ease to transfer from laboratory environment to real world applications. In this paper we evaluate the detection of cognitive load using an off the shelf low cost electroencephalography (EEG) device, namely the EMOTIV EPOC+, by utilising four classifiers including random forest, neural network, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and logistic regression. We relied on automatic power spectral features calculated from the EmotivPro software for evaluation of classifiers. Using power spectral features automatically calculated from the EMOTIVE headset, we show that the cognitive load levels can be efficiently distinguished (reaching upto 95% accuracy) using the Random forest classification method in near real-time at 8 Hz frequency.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL pH, ORGANIC MATTER, AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS, EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND NINE ELEMENTS IN THE MAIZE TISSUE

Simple and multiple correlation coefficient was run between soil pH, organic matter, available P, exchange K, Ca, Mg and nine other elements in the maize tissue sampled from four different soil zones of the Western and Lagos States of Nigeria. The results indicate that soil organic matter plays such a vital role that most of the soil nutrients are affected by its variability. When the soil has just come out of fallow, the soil organic matter, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg are very high. All these elements are leached down together as cultivation continues. There is an antagonism between exchangeable Mg, exchangeable Ca, and K. Since soil organic matter seems to furnish most of the exchange sites, it is not surprising that all the elements are significantly correlated with it. It therefore follows that the concentration, rate of release, and the amount of both major and micronutrients absorbed by plants are dictated by the level of soil organic matter.
Financial Dollarisation: Effects on Economic Growth in Ghana

This study sought to examine the effects of financial dollarisation on economic growth in Ghana. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration was applied on quarterly data from the World Bank and Bank of Ghana (BOG) for the period of 1999 to 2018. It was revealed that financial dollarisation exhibited a negative and statistically significant effect on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Bank of Ghana should develop the financial market by continuing the implementation of the financial sector reforms to foster a growing financial sector to promote economic growth in the economy. Keywords : Autoregressive distributed Lags, Financial dollarisation, Economic growth, Foreign currency deposit, Ghana. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-19-03 Publication date: June 30th 2020
Low Temperature Catalytic Pyrolysis for the Synthesis of High Surface Area, Nanostructured Graphitic Carbon

High surface area graphitic carbons are of great interest in emerging applications including catalysis and energy storage because of the well-developed crystalline structure, high electronic conductivity and thermal stability, and satisfactory oxidation resistance at low temperature. We have developed the synthesis of porous graphitic carbon with a large and accessible surface area via synthesis of carboxyl-containing polymer particles, followed by ion exchange and pyrolysis at low temperature (850 °C). The evolution of the graphitic structure together with mesoporosity is temperature dependent, as revealed from the results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption measurement. Specifically, the development of mesoporosity resulting from continuously catalyzed carbonization by the in situ formed cobalt nanoparticles can be clearly recognized. Further nitric acid oxidation leads to an increase of the pore volume due to the removal of cobalt nanoparticles and opening of c.
Analysis and Design of Aggregate Demand Response Systems Based on Controllability

We address analysis and design problems of aggregate demand response systems composed of various consumers based on controllability to facilitate to design automated demand response machines that are installed into consumers to automatically respond to electricity price changes. To this end, we introduce a controllability index that expresses the worst-case error between the expected total electricity consumption and the electricity supply when the best electricity price is chosen. The analysis problem using the index considers how to maximize the controllability of the whole consumer group when the consumption characteristic of each consumer is not fixed. In contrast, the design problem considers the whole consumer group when the consumption characteristics of a part of the group are fixed. By solving the analysis problem, we first clarify how the controllability, average consumption characteristics of all consumers, and the number of selectable electricity prices are related. In particular, the minimum value of the controllability index is determined by the number of selectable electricity prices. Next, we prove that the design problem can be solved by a simple linear optimization. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our results are able to increase the controllability of the overall consumer group. key words: aggregate demand response, controllability, real-time pricing
Controlled growth of spinel NiCo2O4 nanostructures on carbon cloth as a superior electrode for supercapacitors

In this study, the morphology conversion of bimetallic NiCo2O4 nanostructures on carbon fiber cloth (CFC) was achieved via a simple hydrothermal approach with different precursor salts. As expected, the surface morphology has been successfully driven by varying the precursor. Typical NiCo2O4 nanowall-networks and porous nanoflake microstructures have been grown when using the nitrate and chloride precursors respectively. As an advantage of their unique structural features, they have shown different electrochemical activity towards supercapacitor applications. The as-grown NiCo2O4 nanowall-network structure delivers a maximum capacitance of 1225 F g−1 at a high current density of 5 A g−1 and excellent durability. However, a limited specific capacitance of only 844 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 was achieved for NiCo2O4 nanoflakes. This variation in the electrochemical features such as specific capacitance, rate capability and cyclic stability is mainly due to their structural discrepancies which have been driven by the precursors during the growth process. From this investigation it can be concluded that precursors with different anions also greatly influence the growth kinetics of metal oxide nanostructures. In this case, we suggest that the directly grown NiCo2O4@CFC with the desired microstructure will be a potential electrode for next generation flexible supercapacitors.
Changes in the Addiction Prevalence in Polish Population between 1990-2019: Review of Available Data

The 1989 collapse of the socialist political system in Poland initiated an avalanche of modifications regarding healthcare policy resulting with new institutions and programs dedicated to monitoring and preventing addiction. In the current article, we look at the available data allowing to track changes in (1) the prevalence of exposure to addictive substances and behaviors, and (2) changes of addictions prevalence in Poland between 1990 and 2019. Analysis of all available studies on representative samples of Polish population conducted between 1990 and 2019 by sociological and epidemiological research companies and governmental organizations dedicated to the monitoring and treatment of addiction. Our analysis shows decrease of exposed and addicted to tobacco respectively by 13% and 15%. Conversely, we noted an opposite, increasing tendency both in alcohol consumed per capita (a rise by 2.37 litres of pure alcohol per year) and a minor rise in the prevalence of alcohol use disorder within the general population (an increase by 0.2%). The available data connected to other addictions (drugs and behavioral addictions) are more sparse; and therefore has to be interpreted with caution. The present analysis confirms the relative success of nationwide smoking-prevention initiatives introduced in Poland in the post-socialist period, as well as the lower efficiency of corresponding initiatives aimed at alcohol addiction. We identified flaws in the available data, which must be supplemented to carry out an efficient anti-addiction policy. Based on this analysis, future research directions have been formulated and critical research areas identified. The present work is also an opportunity to advocate for creating a more comprehensive and reliable addiction monitoring programs in Poland.
Effect of Fluorine Content on the Electrochemical Properties of PVDF-Derived Carbons for Lithium Ion Battery

The carbon materials prepared by PVDF carbonization at different temperatures have similar BET surface area and pores volume. The content of fluorine in the carbons decreased with the carbonization temperature from 1.46% (atm %) at 600°C to 0.18 %( atm %) at 1000°C. The first cycle specific capacity and the initial coulombic efficiency decreases with the decrease of fluorine content in the samples. The first cycle discharge capacity decreased from 982 mAh/ g at 600°C to 752 mAh/ g at 1000°C and the initial coulombic efficiency decreased from 31.8% at 600°C to 24% at 1000°C. It is believed that fluorine contained in the carbon materials has a positive effect to improve the electrochemical properties as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
PREVENÇÃO DE DESASTRES HIDROMETEOROLÓGICOS EM SÃO LUIZ DO PARAITINGA/SP / HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL DISASTER PREVENTION IN SÃO LUIZ DO PARAITINGA/SP

Several disasters have occurred in Brazil and in the world, all resulting in socioeconomic and environmental damage. This article aims to analyze the disaster prevention and management policies adopted by the town of São Luiz do Paraitinga/SP, after the flood of 2010, by means of bibliographic and documental review, in addition to field research, through interviews with the local population, with city hall and the Paraíba do Sul Watershed Committee. The importance of understanding the processes that lead to environmental degradation and social vulnerability to disasters is emphasized, so that the appropriate, preventive measures can be taken, in order to prepare the citizens and public authorities for such events and minimize the damage.
Teratogenicity of Pyocyanin Pigment Isolated from Local Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates on MiceNeural Tube Defects (NTDs) and other Abnormities

The primary objectives were to examine the association between pyocyanin pigment and neural tube defects and other different malformations in mice embryos. In mice, NTD may result from genetic mutations or from exposure to teratogenic agents, several of which are identified as risk factors in humans. Pyocyanin is a blue-greenish pigment was extracted from local Pseudomonasaeruginosa which is an extracellular virulence factor that is widely accepted to interpret the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To achieve this, Swiss white mice exposed to pyocyanin pigment, mice were 30 females and males, average age (8-14) weeks, and average weighted (27 ±2) g for females and (30 ±2) gm. for males. Pyocyanin was given intraperitoneally in the concentrations of 75 µg/kg of live body weight for group I,125 µg/kg of live body weight group II and 200 µg/kg of live body weight for group III, whereas the control received only distilled water all those doses were given on day 8th of pregnancy. The results have failed to demonstrate any association between pyocyanin and neural tube defects (X2= 5.32, d.f= 3, P≤ 0.14). Whereas, It is evident that the pyocyanin has a real effect on mice embryos which it caused hypoxia (X2= 12.45, d.f. = 3, P≤0.006). Also, the results showed that the relationship between pyocyanin and resorption was highly significant (X2= 10.45, d.f=3, P≤ 0.01). The influence of pigment was highly significant (P≤0.01) on body weight, body length, and tail length. These significant findings of a low percentage of NTDs and other malformations, with a high percentage of hypoxia and resorption, are excellent evidence that pyocyanin pigment has a strong property of toxicity.
Experimental Analysis and Computational Modelling of Gas–Liquid Stirred Vessels

Abstract The aim of this work is to investigate the turbulent hydrodynamics of a gas–liquid stirred tank of standard geometry through experiments and simulations. The 2-D velocity fields are obtained by a two-phase PIV technique, consisting of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, emitting light at 532 nm, and two cameras, each provided with a filter, that allow to discriminate between the light scattered by the fluorescent liquid seeding particles and that scattered by the bubbles. The experimental results obtained at different gas flow rates are presented, compared with single-phase data and discussed for gaining insight into the gas–liquid flows. They are also adopted for the quantitative evaluation of the results produced by CFD simulations based on a Two Fluid Model approach. The agreement between the experimental and the calculated mean velocity fields indicates that the selected CFD modelling is appropriate for the prediction of the mean hydrodynamic features of gas–liquid dispersions in stirred vessels.