Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Premature Atrial and Ventricular Contraction Detection Using Photoplethysmographic Data from a Smartwatch

We developed an algorithm to detect premature atrial contraction (PAC) and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) using photoplethysmographic (PPG) data acquired from a smartwatch. Our PAC/PVC detection algorithm is composed of a sequence of algorithms that are combined to discriminate various arrhythmias. A novel vector resemblance method is used to enhance the PAC/PVC detection results of the Poincaré plot method. The new PAC/PVC detection algorithm with our automated motion and noise artifact detection approach yielded a sensitivity of 86% for atrial fibrillation (AF) subjects while the overall sensitivity was 67% when normal sinus rhythm (NSR) subjects were also included. The specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy values for the combined data consisting of both NSR and AF subjects were 97%, 81%, 94% and 92%, respectively, for PAC/PVC detection combined with our automated motion and noise artifact detection approach. Moreover, when AF detection was compared with and without PAC/PVC, the sensitivity and specificity increased from 94.55% to 98.18% and from 95.75% to 97.90%, respectively. For additional independent testing data, we used two datasets: a smartwatch PPG dataset that was collected in our ongoing clinical study, and a pulse oximetry PPG dataset from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. The PAC/PVC classification results of the independent testing on these two other datasets are all above 92% for sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy. The proposed combined approach to detect PAC and PVC can ultimately lead to better accuracy in AF detection. This is one of the first studies involving detection of PAC and PVC using PPG recordings from a smartwatch. The proposed method can potentially be of clinical importance as this enhanced capability can lead to fewer false positive detections of AF, especially for those NSR subjects with frequent episodes of PAC/PVC.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF OCIMUM SPECIES AND THEIR PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL

Since ages, many plants have been used for preservative and medicinal purposes due to the presence of secondary metabo- lites referred as Phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are biologically active plant compounds having disease hampering capabilities and preservative action. The genus Ocimum contains more than 200 species of herbs and shrubs which have been shown to have medicinal properties and also are used as a culinary herb, preservative and flavoring agents. In this study methanol extracts from the leaves of Ocimum species (O. sanctum purple, O. sanctum green, O. gratissimum, O. basilicum and Camphor basil) were investigated for their phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity. Also, six extracts (Ethanol, Methanol, Propanol, Chloroform, Petroleum Ether and Iso- amyl alcohol) were assayed to test their ability to inhibit the clinically isolated Enterobacteria (S. pneumoniae, Proteus sp., E. faecalis, S. typhi, S. aureus and B. subtilis). The Ocimum sp. were screened for the presence of phenolic content, glycosides, anthraquinones, terpe- noids, proteins, flavinoids, tannins, lignin and Saponins. The test results were positive for all Phytochemicals in methanolic extracts of Ocimum sp. The antioxidant activity was measured by reducing power assay, 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Thiobarbi- turic acid (TBA) which showed positive. In the antimicrobial assay studies O. gratissimum and O. basilicum showed maximum antibacteri- al activity compared to other species with maximum activity in isoamyl alcohol extract. The Present investigation suggests that the phyto- chemical content and its antioxidant properties can be further studied for its application in health and in food industries. Furthermore, these species can be used as a source of novel drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
DEN-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Aberrant Expression of Clock Gene in Mice

Objective To study expression of clock genes in diethylnitrosamine(DEN)-induced hepatoellular carcinoma in mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were given DEN and CCl4 for 16 weeks to induce hepatocellular carcinoma.At 16 weeks,normal livers,DEN-treated paracancerous and cancer tissues were collected to isolated total RNA.Expression of AFP,Bmal1,Dbp and Rev-Erbα genes were examined by real-time RT-PCR.Results DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma after 16 weeks of administration.Compared with the normal group,the tumor marker gene AFP was significantly increased in tumor tissues.Normal livers at 10:00 had higher expression of Bmal1 and lower expression of Dbp and Rev-Erbα. In comparison,expression of clock gene Bmal1 was decreased in cancer and paracancerous tissues to 30% of normal group.Expression of clock genes Dbp and Rev-Erbα were increased in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues,by 2-4 fold over the normal group.There was no difference between paracancerous and cancer tissues.Conclusion DEN-induced hepatoma is associated with aberrant expression of clock genes in mice.
Human yolk sac-like haematopoiesis generates RUNX1-, GFI1- and/or GFI1B-dependent blood and SOX17-positive endothelium

ABSTRACT The genetic regulatory network controlling early fate choices during human blood cell development are not well understood. We used human pluripotent stem cell reporter lines to track the development of endothelial and haematopoietic populations in an in vitro model of human yolk-sac development. We identified SOX17−CD34+CD43− endothelial cells at day 2 of blast colony development, as a haemangioblast-like branch point from which SOX17−CD34+CD43+ blood cells and SOX17+CD34+CD43− endothelium subsequently arose. Most human blood cell development was dependent on RUNX1. Deletion of RUNX1 only permitted a single wave of yolk sac-like primitive erythropoiesis, but no yolk sac myelopoiesis or aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM)-like haematopoiesis. Blocking GFI1 and/or GFI1B activity with a small molecule inhibitor abrogated all blood cell development, even in cell lines with an intact RUNX1 gene. Together, our data define the hierarchical requirements for RUNX1, GFI1 and/or GFI1B during early human haematopoiesis arising from a yolk sac-like SOX17-negative haemogenic endothelial intermediate. Highlighted Article: The hierarchical requirements for RUNX1, GFI1 and/or GFI1B during early human haematopoiesis arising from a yolk sac-like haemogenic endothelial intermediate.
Analysis of transcription differences of the heat shock cognate 70 gene in different tissues in response to heat stress in Xestia c-nigrum Linnaeus(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of heat on Xe-hsc70 expression in Xestia c-nigrum Linnaeus. [Methods] cDNA and gDNA sequences of the heat shock cognate 70(70 ku heat shock cognate, HSC70) gene( hereafter Xe-hsc70) were cloned from fourth instar larvae of X. c-nigrum using the RT-PCR and RACE techniques. The relative expression levels of mRNA and protein in different tissues(malpighian tubules, fat body, midgut, epidermis and salivary glands) under a series temperatures and times were determined by real time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. [Results] The Xe-hsc70 gene contains 8 introns, the longest of which lies at 5′-UTR and contains a HSE-like core sequence(gaatatgCaGAAtgTTCcaGaa). The other introns(with lengths from 86 to 218 bp) are located in the ORF. Xe-HSC70 expression was highest in the fat body and lowest in the salivary glands at 25℃. The relative expression levels of Xe-HSC70 in the midgut, salivary glands and epidermis increased significantly after heat shock, and increased with the duration of heat stress; expression levels first increased and then returned to the control level. There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of Xe-HSC70 in the fat body and malpighian tubules compared with the control. [Conclusion] These findings indicate that different tissues of X. c-nigrum respond differently to heat stress. The high expression of the Xe-hsc70 gene plays an important role in the high temperature tolerance of X. c-nigrum, and provides a foundation for further investigation of thermal stress-avoidance mechanisms of X. c-nigrum at the molecular level.
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE DURING HOSPITALIZATION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the effects of exercise programs during hospitalization on children and adolescents with cancer. Data source: This is a systematic review, carried out in PubMed/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). We selected studies that included children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer (solid or hematologic) and submitted to exercise protocols during hospitalization. Studies involving patients with other pathologies or with a medical contraindication for exercise were excluded. We used the following search strategy: Neoplasm OR Leukemia OR Cancer OR Tumor OR Medical Oncology AND Hospitalization OR Inpatient Care Units OR Intrahospital AND Exercise. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed by the PEDro scale. Data synthesis: Among the 626 articles found, only 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, obtaining a regular methodological quality. The samples had 172 participants, aged 4 to 18 years. Only 6 studies presented both intervention group and control group. The intervention group received strength, aerobic, and muscle stretching exercises, and games, among others. The control group received the standard treatment. The studies varied regarding time, frequency, intensity, and type of exercise. Most studies showed an increase in muscle strength (4/5), followed by an improvement in physical fitness (2/3) and functional capacity (2/4). No adverse events were reported during the interventions. The methodological quality was considered regular. Conclusions: The findings suggest that. during hospitalization of children and adolescents with cancer, exercise improves muscle strength, physical fitness, and functionality.
Abstract 946: Effects of maternal and postweaning folic acid supplementation on gene-specific DNA methylation in the offspring

Background: Folate is an important co-factor in the transfer of one-carbon moieties essential in DNA methylation reactions, aberrations of which have been implicated in several chronic diseases including cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that in utero supplementation of methyl donors, including folic acid (FA), can affect DNA methylation with permanent and heritable phenotypic changes in the offspring. Recently, we observed that maternal and postweaning FA supplementation significantly decreased global DNA methylation in the liver of the offspring. We investigated the effect of maternal and postweaning FA supplementation on gene-specific methylation in the offspring. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a control diet (2 mg FA/kg diet) or supplemented (5 mg) diet for 3 weeks prior to breeding and throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, pups were randomized to the control or supplemented diet until 14 weeks of age. At necropsy, plasma folate and homocysteine (Hcy; an accurate inverse indicator of tissue folate status), and liver folate concentrations of the pups were determined. Site-specific methylation of the promoter region of the Pparγ, p16 and ER and intraexonic regions of the p53 (exons 6 & 7) and Apc (exon 15) was determined in the liver at weaning and at 14 weeks of age using methylation-sensitive PCR following restriction endonuclease digestion. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity in the liver was also determined at both time points. Results: At weaning and 14 weeks of age, plasma and liver folate concentrations accurately reflected dietary FA levels and were higher in the supplemented FA groups (p Conclusions: Our data suggest that FA supplementation during the intrauterine, perinatal and postweaning periods significantly modulates DNA methylation of critical genes with tumor suppressor or transcription regulation functions in the liver of offspring at weaning and 14 weeks of age. Given the drastically increased FA intake and blood measurements in women at childbearing age in North America, in part due to widespread FA supplementation and mandatory fortification, whether or not FA can influence cancer risk in the offspring via epigenetic mechanisms warrants further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 946.
Vocalizations of Infant and Developing Tree Shrews (Tupaia belangeri)

Ontogeny of vocalizations in tree shrews ( Tupaia belangen ) from birth to 2 months of age was studied by acoustic and video recording of behavior in captive family groupings. Sounds produced by nestlings were infrequent, of relatively low intensity, and included occasional clicks and waks, rapidly produced clicks that merged into purring during suckling, infrequent distress whimpers, some precursors to adult chatter series vocalizations, and a defensive snort also heard from adults. An immature form of chattering was heard late in the nestling phase. The remainder of the adult repertoire appeared upon departure from the nestbox. The suppression of vocalization in the nestling phase functions in concert with parental avoidance of the nestbox to thwart predation.
Postmortem diagnosis of PPA2-associated sudden cardiac death from dried blood spot in a neonate presenting with vocal cord paralysis

Biallelic variants in inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 (PPA2) are known to cause infantile sudden cardiac failure (OMIM #617222), but relatively little is known about phenotypic variability of these patients prior to their death. We report a 5-wk-old male with bilateral vocal cord paralysis and hypertension who had a sudden unexpected cardiac death. Subsequently, molecular autopsy via whole-genome sequencing from newborn dried blood spot identified compound heterozygous mutations in PPA2, with a paternally inherited, pathogenic missense variant (c.514G > A; p.Glu172Lys) and a novel, maternally inherited missense variant of uncertain significance (c.442A > T; p.Thr148Ser). This report expands the presenting phenotype of patients with PPA2 variants. It also highlights the utility of dried blood spots for postmortem molecular diagnosis.
Intraspecific variability in human maxillary bone modeling patterns during ontogeny.

OBJECTIVES This study compares the ontogenetic bone modeling patterns of the maxilla to the related morphological changes in three human populations to better understand how morphological variability within a species is established during ontogeny at both micro- and macroscopic levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary bones of an ontogenetic sample of 145 subadult and adult individuals from Greenland (Inuit), Western Europe (France, Germany, and Portugal), and South Africa (Khoekhoe and San) were analyzed. Bone formation and resorption were quantified using histological methods to visualize the bone modeling patterns. In parallel, semilandmark geometric morphometric techniques were used on 3D models of the same individuals to capture the morphological changes. Multivariate statistics were applied and shape differences between age groups were visualized through heat maps. RESULTS The three populations show differences in the degree of shape change acquired during ontogeny, leading to divergences in the developmental trajectories. Only subtle population differences in the bone modeling patterns were found, which were maintained throughout ontogeny. Bone resorption in adults mirrors the pattern found in subadults, but is expressed at lower intensities. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrate that maxillary morphological differences observed in three geographically distinct human populations are also reflected at the microscopic scale. However, we suggest that these differences are mostly driven by changes in rates and timings of the cellular activities, as only slight discrepancies in the location of bone resorption could be observed. The shared general bone modeling pattern is likely characteristic of all Homo sapiens, and can be observed throughout ontogeny.
Big Brother Sees You, but Does He Rule You? The Relationship between Birth Order and Political Candidacy

While recent research finds strong evidence that birth order affects outcomes such as education, IQ scores, earnings, and health, the evidence for effects on political outcomes is more limited. Using population-wide data from Sweden, our within-family estimates show that firstborns are significantly more likely to run for and be elected to political office. In addition, for the males in our sample we test whether a number of potential mechanisms account for the relationship between birth order and political participation. Disconfirming our expectations, the birth order effects are only marginally smaller when controlling for occupational economic status, cognitive ability, and leadership skills. Our results suggest that big brother, or for that matter big sister, not only sees us; to a certain extent he or she also rules us.
Floral Heat Rewards and Direct Benefits to Insect Pollinators

Some Arctic and alpine flowers are bowl-shaped solar collectors whose temperatures are significantly warmer than ambient air temperatures. One explanation for this trait is that it represents plant-pollinator coadaptation. Just as flowers providing nectar and pollen may be attractive to insects, warm flowers providing thermal refuges in a cold environment may also serve to attract insects. In this article I present data on the actual benefits obtainable to insects basking in flowers or on the ground, and I demonstrate that if insects seek heat alone, then warm flowers cannot be explained by plant-pollinator coevolution. Instead, exclusively botanical explanations for the origins of this trait seem more reasonable.
Pain catastrophizing as a treatment process variable in cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with chronic pain

Interdisciplinary cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic pain is effective at improving function, mood and pain interference among individuals with disabling chronic pain. Traditionally, CBT assumes that cognitive change is an active therapeutic ingredient in the determination of treatment outcome. Pain catastrophizing, a cognitive response style that views the experience of pain as uncontrollable, permanent and destructive, has been identified as an important maladaptive cognition which contributes to difficulties with the management of chronic pain. Consequently, pain catastrophizing is commonly targeted in CBT for chronic pain.
Prophylactic mastectomy and inherited predisposition to breast carcinoma

Relative to her risk of breast carcinoma, the woman with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation can be managed either by intensive screening (with or without chemoprevention) or by prophylactic mastectomy. Although it would be preferable to avoid prophylactic surgery, the current level of screening technology and the rudimentary state of chemoprevention do not guarantee a good outcome with intensive surveillance. A review of the currently available data was undertaken to determine the efficacy of prophylactic surgery, intensive screening, and chemoprevention. An attempt then was made to extrapolate the efficacy of the various approaches to the management of women who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. Intensive surveillance may not detect breast carcinoma at an early, curable stage in young women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations because the growth rate of the tumors in these women most likely will be rapid and the density of the breast tissue may compromise detection. Chemoprevention is in its infancy, and its efficacy in this population is unknown. Conversely, prophylactic surgery may not be completely effective in preventing breast carcinoma. The authors are hopeful that sometime in the next decade advances in chemoprevention, screening technology, or breast carcinoma treatment will make mastectomy obsolete. However, for the time being prophylactic mastectomy has attributes that make it an alternative for this population that must be considered. Careful discussion of all options is essential in the management of these women. Cancer 1999;86:1682–96. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Applicability of the adjusted graded prognostic assessment for lung cancer with brain metastases using molecular markers (Lung‐molGPA) in a Chinese cohort: A retrospective study of multiple institutions

In this era of precision medicine, prognostic heterogeneity is an important feature of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases (BM). This multi‐institutional study is aimed to verify the applicability of the adjusted Lung‐molGPA model for NSCLC with BM in a Chinese cohort.
Outbreaks of cold-water disease in coho salmon in Japan

岩手県および宮城県のいくつかの孵化養殖場のギンザケ稚魚に1990年2月から3月にかけて尾柄部の脱鱗糜爛, 腫瘍あるいは尾鰭の欠損を外見的特徴とする疾病が発生し, 大量死亡を引き起こした。 患部組織には多数の長桿菌が観察された。 体表患部と腎臓からサイトファイガ培地で分離された34菌株について培養性状, 形態, 生化学的性状および血清学的性状を調べた結果, 供試菌株は冷水病原因菌Flexibacter psychrophilusに同定された。 また, ニジマス稚魚に対する感染実験により供試菌株の病原性が確認された。
Intrapartum PCR assay is a fast and efficient screening method for Group B Streptococcus detection in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to verify the usefulness of a real-time polymerase chain reaction versus the culture for ante- and intrapartum group B Streptococcus maternal colonization (GBS) and prevalence of discordance during the period between an antepartum screening and delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 106 pregnant women aged 18 to 39 years. Rectovaginal samples were collected according to CDC guidelines at 35-37 weeks of gestation as well as in the first stage of labour, during physical examination and were analyzed using two independent diagnostic methods: microbiological culture with standard culture and polymerase chain reaction with real-time assay. RESULTS The discordance between antenatal and intrapartum GBS prevalence has been demonstrated as well as differences associated with diagnostic strategies, culture and PCR. CONCLUSIONS Intrapartum detection of GBS colonization using culture or Real-Time PCR assay as well, regardless of antenatal screening test for GBS, is very useful in identifying women who require implementation or withdrawal from prophylactic intrapartum antibiotic therapy. Real-Time PCR is a quick efficient method for GBS screening in pregnant women, which can be even applied during labor due to its short time of analyzing and high sensitivity and specificity. The above fact may indicate the need to perform the GBS test in the intrapartum period in all pregnant GBS negative women using PCR assay as a more adequate diagnostic method as the procedure could reduce the risk of a neonatal GBS infection subsequently to a prophylactic antibiotic therapy in women with an intrapartum positive GBS.