Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the Stealthiness of DNS-Based Covert Communication

At present, the recommended stance to take regarding Cyber Security is to assume a state of compromise. With the increase in Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), the Internet of Things (IOT) and Advanced Persistent Threats (ATPs), network boundaries have become porous and difficult to defend from external threats. Modern malware is complex and adept at making its presence hard to detect. Recent studies have shown that some malware variants are capable of using multiple covert communication channels for command and control (C2) and data exfiltration activities. Examples of this level of covert communication can be found in malware that targets Point of Sale (POS) systems and it has been hugely successful in exfiltrating large amounts of valuable payment information that can be sold on the black market. In the vast majority of cases, malware needs to communicate with some control mechanism or human controller in order to coordinate attacks, maintain lists of compromised machines and to exfiltrate data. There are many channels that malware can use for its communication. However, in recent times there has been an increase in malware that uses the Domain Name System (DNS) for communications in some shape or form. The work carried out in this paper explores the extent to which DNS can be used as a covert communication channel by examining a number of advanced approaches that can be used to increase the stealthy nature of DNS-based covert channels. Our work describes techniques that can be used to shadow legitimate network traffic by observing network packets leaving a host machine (piggybacking), the use of statistical modelling such as the Poisson distribution and a dynamic Poisson distribution model that can be used to further conceal malicious DNS activity within a network. The results obtained from this work show that current DNS-based C2 and data exfiltration approaches employed by malware have considerable room for improvement which suggests that DNS-based covert communication will remain a realistic threat into the future.
Implant Dentistry: A Technology Assessment HOW MANY IMPLANT SYSTEMS DO WE HAVE AND ARE THEY DOCUMENTED?

s 560 560 543 Full text articles 151 151 54 Full text articles added by manual search 25 25 0 Total full text articles 176 176 54 Included articles 29 14 26 Chapter 1 Implant Dentistry 17 2. Exposure time up to a failure of the reconstructions that were lost due to failure during the observation time. 3. Exposure time up to the end of observation time for reconstructions that did not complete the observation period due to reasons such as death, change of address, refusal to participate in the follow-up, non-response, chronic illness, missed appointments, and work commitments. For each study, event rates for reconstructions were calculated by dividing the total number of events by the total reconstruction exposure time in years. For further analysis, the total number of events was considered to be Poisson distributed for a given sum of implant exposure years, and Poisson regression with a logarithmic link-function and total exposure time per study as an offset variable were used (Kirkwood and Sterne 2003). Robust standard errors were calculated to obtain 95% confi dence intervals of the summary estimates of the event rates. To assess heterogeneity of the study-specifi c event rates, the Spearman goodness-of-fi t statistics and associated p-value were calculated. If the goodness-of-fi t p-value was below 0.05, indicating heterogeneity, random-effects Poisson regression (with Gamma-distributed random effects) was used to obtain a summary estimate of the event rates. Five-year and 10-year survivals were calculated via the relationship between event rate and survival function S, S(T) = exp(−T × event rate), by assuming constant event rates (Kirkwood and Sterne 2003). The 95% confi dence intervals for the survivals were calculated by using the 95% confi dence limits of the event rates. All analyses were performed using Stata®, version 8.2.
Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications in Mice

Antioxidant Network Expression Abrogates 1 Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications in Mice 2 3 Mital R, Zhang W, Cai M, Huttinger ZM, Goodman LA, Wheeler DG, 4 Ziolo MT, Dwyer KM, d'Apice AJF, Zweier JL, He G, Cowan PJ, and Gumina RJ 5 6 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and 8 Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA 9 Immunology Research Center and Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of 10 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 11 Authors contributed equally to the work 12 13 Corresponding Author: Richard J. Gumina, PhD, MD, FACC 14 Assistant Professor of Medicine and Physiology and Cell Biology 15 Director, Interventional Cardiovascular Research 16 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine 17 Department of Internal Medicine 18 The Ohio State University 19 Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Suite 200 20 473 W. 12th Avenue 21 Columbus, Ohio 43210-1252 22 Office: 614-293-4967 23 Fax: 614-293-5614 24 25 26 27 Current address: 28 5 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 29 Changsha, Hunan 410011, China 30 Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 31 Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, People's Republic of China 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Running Title: Antioxidant Network Abrogates Oxidative Post-Translational Modifications 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (February 18, 2011). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01285. 2010
Validitas Modul Pembelajaran Berbasis Guided Inquiry

Fundamental physics is one subjects for Physics Education’s Department in STKIP PGRI West Sumatra. For supporting the course and geting a good result it require the lecturer’s note like module. The developed a lecturer’s note is a module based guided inquiry that is expected to make students more active, creative and critical thinking as well as skilled in the discovery of the facts in Physics. Guided inquiry is a learning model which there are some activities that are scientific, students submit ideas before the topic studied, then investigate a phenomenon or phenomena. After that, the student explained that based on existing facts and compare them scientifically. This type of research is research and development using a Plomp’s model is passing through the stages: (1) the initial investigation (preliminary research), (2) design and realization (prototyping phase), and (3) testing and assessment (assessment phase). On the preliminary research, curriculum analysis will be doing, so students analysis, and analysis of the concept. On prototyping phase the module for the Physics at the fluid is designed. Next, we get the formative evaluation that includes self evaluation, prototyping (expert reviews, one-toone and small group). We get the validity at this stage. The research data was obtained through the validation module sheet, which then produces a valid module.
Social Networks Analysis and Mining ( ASONAM ) t-PNE : Tensor-based Predictable Node Embeddings

Graph representations have increasingly grown in popularity during the last years. Existing embedding approaches explicitly encode network structure. Despite their good performance in downstream processes (e.g., node classification), there is still room for improvement in different aspects, like effectiveness. In this paper, we propose, t-PNE, a method that addresses this limitation. Contrary to baseline methods, which generally learn explicit node representations by solely using an adjacency matrix, t-PNE avails a multi-view information graph—the adjacency matrix represents the first view, and a nearest neighbor adjacency, computed over the node features, is the second view—in order to learn explicit and implicit node representations, using the Canonical Polyadic (a.k.a. CP) decomposition. We argue that the implicit and the explicit mapping from a higher-dimensional to a lower-dimensional vector space is the key to learn more useful and highly predictable representations. Extensive experiments show that t-PNE drastically outperforms baseline methods by up to 158.6% with respect to Micro-F1, in several multi-label classification problems.
A Multimethod Approach for Measuring Mobile UX

A multimethod approach for capturing a broad perspective of user experience (UX) of mobile media content and technology is presented in the current paper. In this research design, a variety of standardized research instruments are implemented and complemented by structured instant recall (SIR) interviews and/or unstructured interviews for targeting in-depth qualities of users ́ subjective mobile media experiences as well as usability issues. Methods selected and explored for measuring emotional experiences are described in further detail. The ambition is to create a toolkit of pragmatic evaluation methods, simultaneously targeting both usability and users ́ actions, reactions, attitudes and affect of different mobile media content and technology.
Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by hemocytes of two marine bivalves, Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas

Microbicidal phagocytic function and oxidative metabolism of the hemocytes of 2 oyster species, Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas, were investigated using a luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) technique. First, experimental parameters adapted to marine bivalve hemo­ cytes were established on hemolymph pools of C. gigas in order to obtain qualitatively and quantita­ tively homogeneous samples and so to perform statistically comparable assays. The use of Modified Alsever Solution (MAS) allowed hemocytes to be kept non-aggregated and in a non-stimulated state until starting the assays. A number of aliquots of 2 x 10 5 hemocytes with an MAS final concentration of 3.5 % showed high chemiluminescent response after stimulation by zymosan particles. A particle:hemo­ cyte ratio of 80: 1 gave optimal CL activity. Activity was inhibited by cytochalasin B, a phagocytic inhibitor, and by sodium azide, the latter indicating the involvement of oxygen products. Having thus defined suit able parameter values, the CL protocol was then applied to O. edulis for qualitative and quantitative analyses of respiratory burst capacity at the species and individual levels. Results sug­ gested inter- and intra-specific variability of CL responses. Under the same experimental conditions, O. edulis hemocytes generally displayed higher CL activities than C. gigas. Moreover, clear individu al variability was demonstrated. The same experimental number of hemocytes showed great differences in CL responses between individuals suggesting a possible correlation with hemogram characteristics su ch as cell type percentages.
TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF INTERNET GAMING DISORDER IN CLINICAL RESEARCH: PAST AND PRESENT PERSPECTIVES. SHORT TITLE: INTERNET GAMING DISORDER ASSESSMENT REVIEW Authors

Internet Gaming Disorder [IGD] has recently received nomenclatural recognition from official medical bodies as a potential mental health disorder, despite evident variability and inconsistencies in its core conceptualization and psychometric assessment. In the present review, the authors argue how the adoption of inconsistent criteria and psychometric tools to assess IGD negatively influenced the field. Additionally, this review provides an overview of how the field evolved in terms of its historical developments, present definitions and frameworks, developments in the neuroscientific research, psychometric assessment, and emerging trends in the assessment of gaming addiction. After a careful review of the literature, it was concluded that (i) research on gaming addiction dates back to the 1970 and since then important changes in the field occurred, especially in terms of (ii) definition and conceptualization of the phenomenon, which resulted in a (iii) multiplicity of strategies in the assessment of IGD via inconsistent criteria or psychometric tools. Lastly, it is presented (iv) alternative emerging methods for assessing IGD via sound psychometric tools based on updated and officially recognized conceptualization of the phenomenon of IGD.
Motivations Affecting Initial and Long-Term Participation in Citizen Science Projects in Three Countries

Reliance on volunteer participation for citizen science has become extremely popular. Cutting across disciplines, locations, and participation practices, hundreds of thousands of volunteers throughout the world are helping scientists accomplish tasks they could not otherwise perform. Although existing projects have demonstrated the value of involving volunteers in data collection, relatively few projects have been successful in maintaining volunteers’ continued involvement over long periods of time. Therefore, it is important to understand the temporal nature of volunteers’ motivations and their effect on participation practices, so that effective partnerships between volunteers and scientists can be established. This paper presents case studies of longitudinal participation practices in citizen science in three countries—the United States, India, and Costa Rica. The findings reveal a temporal process of participation, in which initial participation stems in most cases from self-directed motivations, such as personal interest. In contrast, long-term participation is more complex and includes both self-directed motivations and collaborative motivations.
One Law to Rule Them All: The Radial Acceleration Relation of Galaxies

We study the link between baryons and dark matter (DM) in 240 galaxies with spatially resolved kinematic data. Our sample spans 9 dex in stellar mass and includes all morphological types. We consider (1) 153 late-type galaxies (LTGs; spirals and irregulars) with gas rotation curves from the SPARC database, (2) 25 early-type galaxies (ETGs; ellipticals and lenticulars) with stellar and H i data from ATLAS 3 D or X-ray data from Chandra, and (3) 62 dwarf spheroidals (dSphs) with individual-star spectroscopy. We find that LTGs, ETGs, and “classical” dSphs follow the same radial acceleration relation: the observed acceleration ( g obs ) correlates with that expected from the distribution of baryons ( g bar ) over 4 dex. The relation coincides with the 1:1 line (no DM) at high accelerations but systematically deviates from unity below a critical scale of ∼10−10 m s−2. The observed scatter is remarkably small ( ≲ 0.13 dex) and largely driven by observational uncertainties. The residuals do not correlate with any global or local galaxy property (e.g., baryonic mass, gas fraction, and radius). The radial acceleration relation is tantamount to a natural law: when the baryonic contribution is measured, the rotation curve follows, and vice versa. Including ultrafaint dSphs, the relation may extend by another 2 dex and possibly flatten at g bar ≲ 10 − 12 m s−2, but these data are significantly more uncertain. The radial acceleration relation subsumes and generalizes several well-known dynamical properties of galaxies, like the Tully–Fisher and Faber–Jackson relations, the “baryon-halo” conspiracies, and Renzo’s rule.
Coating PHGH-Modified Starch on Papers to Induce Antimicrobial Properties

In this work, paper was rendered antimicrobial via applying antimicrobial-modified starch as a coating material onto the paper’s surface. The antimicrobial starch was prepared by covalently bonding guanidine polymers using a coupling reaction. Two different coating layers were applied onto the paper’s surface. The first coating layer contained clay mixed with a latex binder (clay 100 g/latex 20 g). The antimicrobial starches, which possessed different grafting ratios of the antimicrobial agent (30 wt.% and 50 wt.%), were applied as the second coating layer on the paper. The results showed that the coating thickness was approximately constant at 4 μm. In the presence of 0.5 to 1.0 wt. % antimicrobial starch on cellulose fibers, the growth inhibition of bacteria was almost 100%. Additionally, the resulting coated paper exhibited high antimicrobial activities against E. coli. Furthermore, the results showed that the coated papers prevented fungal growth.
SYMPOSIUM: CLINICALLY RELEVANT STRATEGIES FOR TREATING CARTILAGE AND MENISCAL PATHOLOGY Bioactive Glass 13-93 as a Subchondral Substrate for Tissue-engineered Osteochondral Constructs

Background Replacement of diseased areas of the joint with tissue-engineered osteochondral grafts has shown potential in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Bioactive glasses are candidates for the osseous analog of these grafts. Questions/purposes (1) Does Bioactive Glass 13-93 (BG 13-93) as a subchondral substrate improve collagen and glycosaminoglycan production in a tissue-engineered cartilage layer? (2) Does BG 13-93 as a culture medium supplement increase the collagen and glycosaminoglycan production and improve the mechanical properties in a tissue-engineered cartilage layer? Methods In Study 1, bioactive glass samples (n = 4) were attached to a chondrocyte-seeded agarose layer to form an osteochondral construct, cultured for 6 weeks, and compared to controls. In Study 2, bioactive glass samples (n = 5) were cocultured with cell-seeded agarose for 6 weeks. The cell-seeded agarose layer was exposed to BG 13-93 either continuously or for the first or last 2 weeks in culture or had no exposure. Results Osteochondral constructs with a BG 13-93 base had improved glycosaminoglycan deposition but less collagen II content. Agarose scaffolds that had a temporal exposure to BG 13-93 within the culture medium had improved mechanical and biochemical properties compared to continuous or no exposure. Conclusions When used as a subchondral substrate, BG 13-93 did not improve biochemical properties compared to controls. However, as a culture medium supplement, BG 13-93 improved the biochemical and mechanical properties of a tissue-engineered cartilage layer. Clinical Relevance BG 13-93 may not be suitable in osteochondral constructs but could have potential as a medium supplement for neocartilage formation.
Helping Children Catch Up: Early Life Shocks and the Progresa Experiment

Children who face significant disadvantage early in life are often found to be worse off years or even decades later. Can conditional cash transfer programs mitigate the negative consequences and help these children catch up with their peers? We answer this question using data from rural Mexico, where rainfall shocks can have substantial effects on household income. We find that adverse rainfall in a child's year of birth decreases grade attainment, post-secondary enrollment, and employment outcomes. But declines were much smaller for children whose families were randomised to receive the conditional cash transfer program, PROGRESA: each additional year of PROGRESA exposure during childhood mitigated almost 20% of the early disadvan- tage in grade attainment.
Pricing equity and debt tranches of collateralized funds of hedge fund obligations: An approach based on stochastic time change and Esscher-transformed martingale measure

Collateralized Funds of Hedge Fund Obligations (CFOs) are relatively recent structured finance products linked to the performance of underlying funds of hedge funds. The capital structure of a CFO is similar to traditional Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs), meaning that investors are offered different rated notes and equity interests. CFOs are structured as arbitrage market value CDOs. The fund of funds manager actively manages the fund to maximize total returns while limiting price volatility within the guidelines of the structure. The aim of this paper is to provide a useful framework to evaluate Collateralized Funds of Hedge Fund Obligations, that is pricing the equity and the debt tranches of a CFO. The basic idea is to evaluate each CFO liability as an option written on the underlying pool of hedge funds. The value of every tranche depends on the evolution of the collateral portfolio during the life of the contract. Care is taken to distinguish between the fund of hedge funds and its underlying hedge funds, each of which is itself a portfolio of various securities, debt instruments and financial contracts. The proposed model incorporates skewness, excess kurtosis and is able to capture more complex dependence structures among hedge fund log-returns than the mere correlation matrix. With this model it is possible to describe the impact of an equivalent change of probability measure not only on the marginal processes but also on the underlying dependence structure among hedge funds.
Dynamic Modeling and Power Modeling of Robotic Skid-Steered Wheeled Vehicles

Dynamic models and power models of autonomous ground vehicles are needed to enable realistic motion planning Howard & Kelly (2007); Yu et al. (2010) in unstructured, outdoor environments that have substantial changes in elevation, consist of a variety of terrain surfaces, and/or require frequent accelerations and decelerations. At least 4 different motion planning tasks can be accomplished using appropriate dynamic and power models:
Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon Films from Soluble Si-Si Network Polymers

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element (Clarke number ~26%) on Earth and exists mainly in the oxidized silicate (SiO2) form. Si sources are neither localized in very specific regions nor are they noble. However, crystalline (c-Si) and amorphous (a-Si) silicons remain the most fundamental, purely inorganic materials used for microelectronics, optoelectronics, and photonics because the lithographic and p-n doping processes are already wellestablished in industry. To produce these materials, vacuum and vapor-phase deposition processes and mechanical slicing/polishing techniques of Si-wafers are invariably utilized. However, these techniques require the use of an expensive XeCl excimer laser for annealing of a-Si; this step is followed by a crystallization process to prepare a poly-Si thin film transistor (TFT) from a a-Si thin film, which is deposited using a highly dangerous SiH4– Si2H6 chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process.
Potenciais evocados auditivos pré e pós-tratamento em indivíduos gagos: estudo piloto

BACKGROUND: P300 event-related potential has been used as an instrument to establish the diagnosis of several disorders as well as to assess therapeutic outcomes. AIM: to investigate the relationship between stuttering amelioration and cerebral activity. METHOD: P300 event-related potentials were obtained in three adult males, all stutterers, aged 20 to 31 years, pre and post-treatment, verifying changes in wave amplitude and latency between waves. RESULTS: results indicate a significant positive correlation between the reduction in the percentage of stuttered syllables and the improvement in wave amplitude for the right ear. CONCLUSION: stutterers can exhibit different patterns of interhemispheric activity with a tonal P300 task after undergoing a fluency-enhancing program.
Spaces of measurable transformations

By a space we shall mean a measurable space, i.e. an abstract set together with a <r-ring of subsets, called measurable sets, whose union is the whole space. The structure of a space will be the <r-ring of its measurable subsets. A measurable transformation from one space to another is a mapping such that the inverse image of every measurable set is measurable. Let X and F be spaces, F a set of measurable transformations from X i n to 'F , and cj>F: FXX—^Y the natural mapping defined by $F( /> #)=ƒ(#)• A structure R on F will be called admissible if <f>Fl considered as a mapping from the product space (F, R)XX into F, is a measurable transformation. I t may not be possible to define an admissible structure on F; if it is, F itself will also be called admissible. We are concerned with the problem of characterizing, for given X and F, the admissible sets F and the admissible structures R on the admissible sets. The following three theorems may be established fairly easily: