Contribuição para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra leishmaniose visceral canina.

INTRODUCTION: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious parasitic disease which is increasing in Brazil. The species that causes the disease in Brazil is Leishmaniainfantum. The dog is the main reservoir of the parasite. A canine visceral leishmaniasis vaccine (CVL) may favor the control of the disease. This paper aims to contribute to the development of a vaccine against CVL. OBJECTIVE: The first chapter study aimed the development of a model for the evaluation of candidate antigens for a vaccine against CVL. An experiment was conducted to obtain resistant dogs to CVL. Lymphocytes of these animals should be able to recognize potentially useful antigens for a vaccine development. METHODOLOGY: For this, a strain of L. infantum was isolated from naturally infected and sick dog (Camacari, Bahia). Six dogs and healthy adults were intradermally inoculated with 1 x 108 promastigotes in the stationary phase culture and were followed for two years. RESULTS: The animals showed: 1) induration area and shallow ulceration in parasite inoculation site with spontaneous healing in a period of less than three months, 2) absence of clinical symptoms and hematological and biochemical changes, 3) low and floating production of antibodies IgG reactive to Leishmania antigens, 4) lymphoproliferative response (in 4 of 6 dogs) compared to stimulation with leishmanial antigens, 5) low IFN-γ in a test performed on whole blood incubated for 24 h with antigen Leishmania (4 of 5 dogs), 6) a low parasite load in spleen aspirates, detected by realtime PCR. CONCLUSION: These animals developed a subclinical form of the infection alongside with a weakspecific humoral and cellular immune response and weak cell. OBJECTIVE: The second section was tested in a trial evaluating cytokine production by blood cells of dogs naturally infected with Leishmaniainfantum. The modified QuantiFERON allows evaluation both in vitro and quickly production of cytokines against Leishmania in animals in an endemic area. METHODOLOGY: Soluble antigen and recombinant antigens of L. infantum (rLci2-5R-NT-CT and rLci2-NT-CT) were produced and used in the assay for the stimulation of whole blood of 27 animals from endemic and nonendemic area for LVC for 24h. Plasma was collected and cytokine production of canine IFN- γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines were quantified. RESULTS: Due to technical some problems, it was not possible to characterize groups of animals susceptible and resistant in relation to modified QuantiFERON assay results. OBJECTIVE: In the third chapter, the parasite load and histological aspects in different regions of the spleen of dogs with CVL were analyzed. METHODOLOGY: The parasite load and histological changes in the spleen of 6 dogs with CVL were evaluated by sampling three sections of the spleen (lower, middle and upper section of the organ). RESULTS: There was a variation in parasitic load distribution in the spleen of the same animal. Histological evaluations (disorganized white pulp, granulomas, periesplenite, plasma cells, and polymorphonuclear infiltration) showed a variation in the frequency (granulomas) or intensity (perisplenite) in spleen in 2 of 6 dogs. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the distribution of the parasitic load and histological changes in dogs spleen with VL show a certain degree of heterogeneity.