Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and profiling of high temperature responsive miRNAs in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)

Article history: Received on: 02/09/2016 Revised on: 24/09/2016 Accepted on: 18/10/2016 Available online: 05/11/2016 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are group of small, non-coding RNAs that play important roles in plant growth, development and stress response. There have been an increasing number of investigations aimed at discovering miRNAs and analyzing their functions in model plants. In this study, we constructed high temperature stress induced small RNA libraries and characterized 26 potential miRNAs belonging to 21 families in French bean. A total of 140 annotated potential targets were found, of which majority were transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, GRF1, bZIP, NAC etc.,) which may play an important role in stress resistance. RT-qPCR and Northern blot analysis revealed differential expressions of candidate miRNAs and their target genes. The observed induction of miRNA expression is correlated with the down regulation of their targets. Investigation of gene ontology linked with targets of miRNAs forecasted their involvement in various biological functions. We anticipate the further studies may offer new avenues in developing stress tolerant variety of French bean.
Alterations of the antioxidative enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation levels, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents along the peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) leaves exposed to copper deficiency and excess stress conditions

Several physiological responses of Mentha piperita L. leaves at different positions along the stern were investigated under Cu 2+ deficiency conditions and compared with excess and control. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and the ratio of chlorophylls to carotenoids in all leaf positions were significantly lower than those of control under Cu 2+ deficiency. The highest decreases were determined under excess condition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate-dependent peroxidase (AsA-dep POD, EC 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (Gua-dep POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activities in all leaf positions in the absence of Cu 2+ were higher than control and showed a positive correlation with each other. SOD activities under excess conditions were higher than deficiency, while all of the other enzyme activities were significantly lower than control. Co-operative functions of all these enzymes in the absence of Cu 2+ resulted in lower lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) than control and excess conditions. Except for Gua-dep POD, all other antioxidant enzyme activities reached their maximum, while LPO level their minimum at leaf position 6. The antioxidant enzyme activities and LPO level variations were investigated with decreasing Cu 2+ concentration ranging from 3.2 x 10 -2 to 0 µM depend on the incubation time, and the results were showed an increase of 2.4-fold for SOD, 4-fold for CAT, 2-fold for AsA-dep POD and 3-fold for Gua-dep POD activities in the absence of Cu 2+ compared to the control on the 12 th day. Although enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, LPO levels also increased approximately 2-fold compared to control in the absence of Cu 2+ on the 12 th day and its levels significantly increased with decreasing of Cu 2+ afterwards. Abbreviations: AsA-dep POD = ascorbate-dependent peroxidase. ; CAT = catalase. ; Gua-dep POD = guaiacol-dependent peroxidase. ; MOA = malondialdehyde. ; LPO = lipid peroxidation. ; ROS = reactive oxygen species. ; 6-0HDA = 6-hydroxydopamine. ; SOD = superoxide dismutase. ; TBA = thiobarbituric acid.
Association of lodging and some morpho-agronomic traits in tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter].

The relationship between lodging and a number of morpho-agronomic characters in 30 tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] genotypes was evaluated by means of correction and path-coefficient analyses. Lodging index was negatively associated with days to heading, number of internodes, and culm diameter at the second internode while it was positively and significantly correlated with grain yield and shoot biomass. The remaining characters showed positive, but non-significant correlation with lodging index. Plant height, culm length, culm diameter at the second internode, and panicle weight were positively and highly significantly interrelated. Significant negative direct effects were exerted on lodging by plant height, panicle length, and culm diameter at the second internode. Although grain yield was positively correlated with lodging index, its direct effect on lodging index was small and not significant indicating that grain yield contribution to lodging was through other traits like culm diameter. There were large positive direct influences on lodging index by culm length, panicle weight, and shoot biomass, through which positive indirect effects were shown suggesting that these characters can be considered in a selection model while selecting for lodging resistance and high-yielding capability. Indirect effects of most of the characters were generally negative and very low. The correlation and path analysis indicated that relating a single character to lodging was not a reliable or satisfactory method of assessing lodging resistance of tef genotypes. The study revealed that a multitude of morpho-agronomic characters like culm diameter, plant height, culm length, panicle length, culm diameter at second internode, panicle weight, and shoot biomass need to be considered while selecting for lodge-resistant and high-yielding cultivars in tef breeding programmes.
Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone

Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids in Peruvian fish meal (FM), fermented soybean meal, extruded soybean meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, wheat gluten meal, corn gluten meal, shrimp byproduct meal, meat and bone meal (MBM), poultry meat meal and plasma protein meal (PPM) were determined for white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A reference diet (RF) and test diets (consisting of 70% RF diet and 30% of the feedstuff) were used with 0.5% chromic oxide as an external indicator. A total of 1440 shrimp (initial mean body weight 1.05 ± 0.01 g) were randomly stocked into thirty-six 500-L fibreglass tanks with 40 shrimp per tank and three tanks per diet. Faeces were collected from triplicate groups of shrimp by a faecal collection vessel attached to the shrimp-rearing tank. The shrimp were fed to apparent satiation four times a day and the feeding experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Statistics indicate that apparent DM digestibilities for white shrimp (L. vannamei) were the highest for FM, ranged 52.83–71.23% for other animal products and 69.98–77.10% for plant products. The protein and lipid from plant and animal sources were well digested by white shrimp. Apparent protein and lipid digestibility were in the range 87.89–93.18% and 91.57–95.28%, respectively, in plant products, and 75.00–92.34% and 83.72–92.79%, respectively, for animal products. The white shrimp demonstrated a high capacity to utilize phosphorus in the ingredients. The apparent phosphorus digestibility ranges of animal feedstuffs and plant feedstuffs were 58.90–71.61% and 75.77–82.30% respectively. Amino acid availability reflected protein digestibility, except that in MBM, for which the availability of some amino acid was lower, possibly due to protein damage during processing. Digestibility information could promote the use of ingredient substitution in least-cost formulated diets for white shrimp.
Conidial germination in Aspergillus fumigatus.

This chapter discusses the physiological and biochemical aspects of conidial germination in Aspergillus fumigatus and the regulatory pathways used to activate the process. In a study on genetic analysis of conidial germination in Neurospora crassa and A. nidulans, three of five genes encoded proteins involved in translational initiation (sgdA) and elongation (sgdB and -C), and a fourth (sgdE) encoded a protein involved in protein stabilization and folding. Thus, out of a bewildering array of early biochemical events, an unbiased genetic approach was able to specifically highlight a central role for translation in conidial germination. The results of this genetic screen suggest that conidial germination may be controlled by signaling pathways that directly activate protein translation. The chapter analyses the findings that link cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling to conidial germination in Aspergillus species. In both A. nidulans and A. fumigatus, overexpression of a dominant negative form of rasA causes a delay in germination, whereas overexpression of dominant active rasA causes initiation of germination, including spore swelling, adhesion, and nuclear decondensation in the absence of a carbon source. The contribution of known and recently reported cell wall-associated proteins (CWPs) to conidial germination is discussed. Recently, several proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis were implicated in controlling the speed of conidial germination in A. fumigatus. Analysis of the transcriptional and translational control of some of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA), RAS, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes may reveal how they are regulated by the above-described pathways, as well as other signal transduction pathways.
Processing of sensory input from the femoral chordotonal organ by spiking interneurones of stick insects

The femoral chordotonal organ (ChO) of the right middle leg of the inactive stick insect Carausius morosus was stimulated by applying movements having a ramp-like time course, while recordings were made from local and interganglionic interneurones in the anterior ventral median part of the ganglion. Position, velocity and acceleration of the movements were varied independently and the interneurones were categorized on the basis of their responses to the changes in these parameters. Position-sensitivity was always accompanied by responses to velocity and/or acceleration. Velocity-sensitive responses were excitatory or inhibitory and were produced by elongation or relaxation, or by both. In some cases, velocity-sensitive neurones were also affected by position and acceleration. Acceleration responses were always excitatory and were often found in neurones that showed no effects of velocity or position. It is inferred that sensory input from different receptors in the ChO is processed by single interneurones. No interneurone in the recording region was found to be directly involved in the resistance reflex of the extensor tibiae motoneurones, elicited by stimulation of the ChO.
Crepuscular activity of culicids (Diptera, Culicidae) in the peridomicile and in the remaining riparian forest in Tibagi river, State of Paraná, Brazil

Crepuscular activity of culicids (Diptera, Culicidae) in the peridomicile and in the remaining riparian forest in Tibagi river, State of Parana, Brazil. Human-attracted mosquitoes were collected for one hour, around sunset time (half hour before and half after), from April to December 2006, in two environments (riparian forest and near houses), in Tibagi river basin, Palmeira municipality, State of Parana. Seven-hundred forty-nine mosquitoes, belonging to 13 species, were collected. Psorophora champerico Dyar & Knab, 1906 (42.86%) and Psorophora discrucians (Walker, 1856) (40.59%) were the most frequent species. No significant differences between quantities of Ps. champerico (t = -0.792; d.f. = 16; p = 0.43) and Ps. discrucians (t = 0.689; d.f. = 16; p = 0.49) obtained in riparian forest and near houses were observed, indicating similar conditions for crepuscular activity of these species in both environments. Psorophora champerico and Ps. discrucians responded (haematophagic activity) to environmental stimuli associated with the twilight hours differently in distinct habitats studied. The former species is registered for the first time in the Atlantic forest biome.
Leukemia therapy: mechanisms of drug resistance and investigational strategies.

Certain types of leukemia are amongst the first neoplasias to be “cured” with relatively high 5-year remission rates. This is largely due to targeted therapeutics. However, considerable resistance to tumor-specific targeting drugs has developed due to the presence of abundant cancer stem cells, profound genetic diversity, redundant growth/survival pathways and residual disease. Although these issues propose a challenge, they also provide the opportunity for novel innovations of therapy which currently include the development of multi-target kinase inhibitors, multiple drugs acting on multiple targets, key upstream targets covering multiple downstream targets and the future direction of hybrid molecules targeting two or more targets in different pathways.
Lentiviral Vectors in Immunotherapy

Genetic immunotherapy can be defined as a therapeutic approach in which therapeutic genes are introduced into defined target cell types to modulate immune responses. A major challenge for this therapeutic strategy is the delivery of these genes into target cells in an efficient, stable manner. Possibly one of the best systems to achieve this is the use of lentivi‐ ral vectors (lentivectors) as gene carriers, as they are capable of transducing both dividing and resting cells [1].
Longitudinal variation and effects of habitat on biodiversity of Australasian temperate reef fishes

Latitudinal gradients in marine biodiversity of fishes are well documented but comparatively little is known about longitudinal patterns. The objective of this study was to describe the distributional patterns in biodiversity and assemblage structure of temperate reef‐associated fishes in two habitats (kelp forests and open reefs) in each of four regions at comparable latitudes spanning a large longitudinal range (> 5000 km; 117.91° E–174.81° E).
Comparative Cost Analyses of Conventional, Integrated Crop Management, and Organic Methods

The authors wish to acknowledge the Rutgers Experiment Station SARE funding for their participation in bringing together the resources to construct the comprehensive set of production budget information for this project. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulation, this paper therefore must be here by marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact.
The Social Amoebae: The Biology of Cellular Slime Molds

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3D GROUND MOTION IN THE GEORGIA BASIN REGION OF SW BRITISH COLUMBIA FOR PACIFIC NORTHWEST SCENARIO EARTHQUAKES

Long-period (> 2 s) ground motions in the Georgia basin region of SW British Columbia (BC) are investigated for Pacific Northwest scenario earthquakes using 3D finite-difference simulations of viscoelastic wave propagation. The simulations are validated by comparing synthetic surface waveforms with 36 selected strongand weak-motion recordings of the 2001 MW 6.8 Nisqually earthquake at sites spanning from Puget Sound, Washington, to southern BC. This is the first opportunity to validate the 3D geologic model of the Georgia basin region, such that the upper 1 km structure and the degree of anelastic attenuation are currently under development. Deep in-slab Juan de Fuca plate scenario earthquakes are investigated by initiating the Nisqually-model source in four different locations beneath Georgia basin in a NW-SE trending sense congruent with observed seismicity. For all deep in-slab earthquake simulations, the largest ground motions occur NW of the source location, dramatically altering the amplitude and pattern of the simulated ground motion with source location. In all cases, ground motion is predominantly amplified in the NW part of the Georgia basin as well as along a NE-SW trending velocity contrast that runs beneath the city of Vancouver. In Vancouver, the largest simulated ground motions (9.6 cm/s) from “Nisqually-type” deep in-slab earthquakes occurs when the source is located towards the southeast. Shallow crustal North America plate scenario earthquakes are being explored using slip distribution solutions from large shallow earthquakes elsewhere in the world.
The Differential-Allocation Hypothesis: An Experimental Test

Time-budget estimates of parental investment in captive populations of color-banded zebra finches demonstrate that relative attractiveness correlates with the apportionment of parental investment as predicted by the differential-allocation hypothesis: attractive birds incur smaller parental expenditures; unattractive birds have larger ones. This result occurred in two experiments: color banding was used to manipulate female attractiveness in one experiment and male attractiveness in another. Attractiveness was correlated with participation in parental behaviors but not with defensive and agonistic behaviors. The mean paternal expenditures (PE) were nearly identical in populations with color bands and in those without. Overall, males contributed 43%-45% of the total time expenditure during daytime hours. If parental investment increases nonlinearly with PE (the accelerating-cost hypothesis), estimates of expenditure are conservative estimates of differences in parental investment, at least at the extremes. Results reported here, combined with those reported previously, collectively show that unattractive birds have higher parental investment per offspring, shorter life spans, and lower long-term reproductive success than same-sex attractive birds. Results lend support to the idea that reproductive effort has a cost, a seldom-tested evolutionary principle; they show how individuals may profitably manipulate a finite supply of reproductive resources; and they demonstrate a mechanism by which sexual selection can operate in species with substantial biparental care.
Viability loss and free radical processes during desiccation of recalcitrant Avicennia marina seeds

Abstract At shedding, the moisture content (MC) of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. propagules was 65% (fresh mass basis), and there was no significant difference in the MC of four tissues (hypocotyl, cotyledons, plumule and root primordia). Viability declined as the propagules were dried below 60% MC, so that only 40%of seeds were capable of germination at 54% MC. At 47% MC all the seeds had died. The four tissues dried at the same constant rate of 0.02 g water g dwt-1 h–1 throughout this range of MCs. There was no significant depletion of the free-radical-quenching mechanisms measured. In each tissue an organic free-radical was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In the plumule the amplitude of the signal increased by a further 50% at MCs where viability was lost, but there was no increase in the other tissues. There was a concurrent increase in the amount of tocopherol and the activity of superoxide dismutase in the plumule. Lipid peroxidation, assessed by the amount of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, also increased in advance of viability loss, suggesting that propagules were experiencing oxidative stress. However, lipid peroxidation decreased at 54–57% MC, where most seeds lost viability. The results presented are consistent with a propagule reacting to oxidative stress, but overtaken by more catastrophic physical damage.
Abscisic Acid and Desiccation Tolerance in Mosses

In higher plants the phytohormone ABA is involved in processes that are connected to water deficit, like stomatal closure or desiccation tolerance. In bryophytes, also containing ABA in their tissues, physiological functions remained uncertain for a long time. Quite recently, several papers have shown different effects of exogenously applied ABA: stomatal closure in Anthoceros, drought hardening in Funaria and production of the landform in Riccia. In all these cases the relevant conditions (water deficit) enhance the endogenous ABA level significantly. For induced desiccation tolerance, ABA serves as a mediator to induce specific proteins (dehydrins) strongly connected with this tolerance. Therefore, it can be concluded that in bryophytes ABA has the same function as in higher plants. It acts as a mediator in stress conditions.
Distribuição espacial de peixes em ambientes lênticos: interação de fatores

To understand the structure and dynamics of fish assemblages in lentic environments, it is fundamental to identify and analyze the main factors linked with physical space occupation strategies of the species, and characterize the patterns of spatial distribution of fish in different habitats. Factors as biogeographical history, physical and chemical parameters, productivity, structure and complexity of habitats, biotic interactions have been suggested as regulators of ichthyofauna distribution. These factors interrelated with the geological history of the drainage basin determine the patterns of spatial distribution in different lentic environments
Epidemiology of cervical cancer development- a hospital based study

Introduction: The present study is an attempt to detect Human pap illoma virus infection and immunomodulation status in the development of carcinoma cervix. Methods: Cervical cancer cases were enrolled in between Jan’ 2010 to Dec’ 2012. Cervical tissue biopsies from the both the ca ncerous region as well as the non cancerous control area of the cervix, and whole blood (3ml) were collected from all the s tudy subjects. The tissue samples were collected ei ther n PBS or RNA later solution in vials and stored in -80°C or liquid nitrogen till further use. Whole blood (2ml) was also collected from age matched voluntary female community control s (n=50), the plasma was separated, and stored at 20°C for cytokine analysis. Extracted DNA was then checked f or presence of HPV DNA by PCR amplification method using MY09/11 primer. Th1 (IL-12) and Th2 (IL-10) were an alysed both at protein as well as cervical tissue l ev l. Results: The study showed 83.33% cases found to be HPV posit ive in cancerous area as well as in non cancerous a rea. There were other significant risk factor association of cervic al ancer with early marriage in 70.36% and high pa rity 87% of cases. There is alteration of Th1 and Th2 ratio indicating mmunomodulation plays an important role in the de velopment of cervical cancer. Conclusion: The human papilloma virus infections are the major c ntributing factor as well as immunomodulation plays a major role in the developm ent of cervical cancer in our region.