Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: Hot Topics, Controversies, and New Directions

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Evaluate appropriate patients best suited for one- or two-stage alloplastic breast reconstruction. 2. Discuss and apply the unique advantages and disadvantages of scaffold use and different implant types in breast reconstruction to maximize outcomes. 3. Develop a plan for patients undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction requiring postmastectomy radiation therapy. 4. Analyze the evidence with regard to antibiotic prophylaxis in implant-based breast reconstruction. 5. Recognize and critique novel technical and device developments in the field of alloplastic breast reconstruction, enabling appropriate patient selection. Summary: Implant-based, or alloplastic, breast reconstruction is the most common method of breast reconstruction in the United States. Within implant-based reconstruction, many techniques and reconstructive strategies exist that must be tailored for each individual patient to yield a successful reconstruction. Not unexpectedly, many hot topics and controversies in this field have emerged, including stages of reconstruction, use of scaffolds, permanent implant type, strategies for postmastectomy radiation therapy, and antibiotic prophylaxis. In addition, there has been an evolution in technical and device development in recent years. Therefore, plastic surgeons must be on the forefront of knowledge to approach implant-based breast reconstruction in an evidence-based fashion to best treat their patients.
Self-Regulation of Breathing as an Adjunctive Treatment of Insomnia

Sleep is a quiescent behavioral state during which complex homeostatic functions essential to health and well-being occur. Insomnia is a very common psychiatric disorder leading to a myriad of detrimental effects including loss of concentration, memory, and performance as well as disease. Current pharmaceutical treatments can be expensive, impairing, unhealthy, and habit-forming. Relaxation techniques, such as meditation target the brain and body in contrast to pharmaceutical interventions which solely target neurotransmitter systems in the brain. In this article we present a viewpoint on the treatment of insomnia that techniques of slow, deep breathing (0.1 Hz) in adjunct to sleep hygiene and relaxation therapies may be highly effective in initiating sleep as well as facilitating falling back asleep. The autonomic nervous system is integral to sleep initiation, maintenance, and disruption. Understanding the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and sleep physiology along with the nature of sleep itself remains a challenge to modern science. We present this perspective in light of a prevailing “dysevolution” theory on the pathology of insomnia that proposes hyper-arousal characterized in part by chronic sympathetic hyperactivation and/or parasympathetic hypoactivation disrupts normal sleep onset latency, sleep quality, and sleep duration. We additionally discuss physiological mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of the breathing treatment we describe. A better understanding of these mechanisms and autonomic pathologies of insomnia may provide support for the effectiveness of such techniques and provide relief to sufferers of this health epidemic.
Auditory Brainstem Implants: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) was first developed nearly 40 years ago and provides auditory rehabilitation to patients who are deaf and ineligible for cochlear implant surgery due to abnormalities of the cochlea and cochlear nerve. The aims of the following review are to describe the history of the ABI and innovations leading up to the modern ABI system, as well as highlight areas of future development in implant design.
Cytokine-Mediated Induction and Regulation of Tissue Damage During Cytomegalovirus Infection

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus with high sero-prevalence within the human population. Primary HCMV infection and life-long carriage are typically asymptomatic. However, HCMV is implicated in exacerbation of chronic conditions and associated damage in individuals with intact immune systems. Furthermore, HCMV is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunologically immature and immune-compromised where disease is associated with tissue damage. Infection-induced inflammation, including robust cytokine responses, is a key component of pathologies associated with many viruses. Despite encoding a large number of immune-evasion genes, HCMV also triggers the induction of inflammatory cytokine responses during infection. Thus, understanding how cytokines contribute to CMV-induced pathologies and the mechanisms through which they are regulated may inform clinical management of disease. Herein, we discuss our current understanding based on clinical observation and in vivo modeling of disease of the role that cytokines play in CMV pathogenesis. Specifically, in the context of the different tissues and organs in which CMV replicates, we give a broad overview of the beneficial and adverse effects that cytokines have during infection and describe how cytokine-mediated tissue damage is regulated. We discuss the implications of findings derived from mice and humans for therapeutic intervention strategies and our understanding of how host genetics may influence the outcome of CMV infections.
A Neurocognitive Perspective on the Forms and Functions of Autobiographical Memory Retrieval

Autobiographical memory retrieval involves constructing mental representations of personal past episodes by associating together an array of details related to the retrieved event. This construction process occurs flexibly so that the event details can be associated together in different ways during retrieval. Here, we propose that differences in how this association occurs support a division in autobiographical remembering. We first review theories of autobiographical memory organization that suggest that episodic details of an experience are processed along a gradient of abstraction. This organization allows for the same autobiographical event to be recalled as either a conceptualized or perceptually-based episodic memory. We then use neuroimaging evidence to show how this division within episodic autobiographical memory is also present in the brain, both at a network level and within the hippocampus. Specifically, we suggest that the anterior and posterior hippocampus are obligatorily tuned towards constructing conceptual vs. perceptual episodic representations of autobiographical memories. Finally, we discuss the directive purpose of this proposed division of episodic remembering by reviewing decision scenarios that benefit from recalling the past as a conceptual vs. a perceptual episode. Conceptual remembering is useful to guide ambiguous decisions that have yet to be encountered whereas perceptual remembering is useful to guide decisions for well-structured tasks that have been previously experienced. We emphasize that the ability to shift between conceptual and perceptual forms of remembering, by virtue of hippocampal specialization, during decision-making and other memory-guided actions is the key to adaptive behavior.
Burden of Care Implications and Association of Intracranial Hypertension With Extremely Severe Post-traumatic Amnesia After Traumatic Brain Injury: A 5-Year Retrospective Longitudinal Study

Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is characterized by a state of disorientation and confusion following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Few studies have looked at the effect of prolonged PTA on the functional outcomes beyond 1 year post-injury. This study aims to evaluate the burden of care in individuals with extremely severe PTA (esPTA; PTA >28 days) from acute inpatient rehabilitation admission to 5 years post-injury as well as the association between intracranial hypertension (ICH; Intracranial pressure (ICP) ≥20 mmHg) and esPTA status. Three hundred and forty-two individuals with moderate to severe TBI enrolled in the Northern California TBI Model System (TBIMS) of Care were included in this study. The FIM® instrument was chosen as the outcome measurement as it is a widely used functional assessment in the rehabilitation community. Repeated measure ANOVA revealed greater burden of care based on FIM® total scores (p < 0.001) from admission to 5-year follow-up for the esPTA group compared to the non-esPTA group (PTA ≤ 28 days). Unlike the non-esPTA group where FIM® total score plateaued 1 year post-injury, FIM® total score continued to improve up to 2 years post-injury for the esPTA group. The odds of developing esPTA was ~3 times higher for individuals with ICH vs. individuals without ICH (p < 0.001). In conclusion, individuals with esPTA have increased short- and long-term burden of care and the presence of ICH during hospitalization increased the odds of experiencing esPTA. These results may help the rehabilitation team and family in planning care post rehabilitation discharge.
Unveiling the Link Between Inflammation and Adaptive Immunity in Breast Cancer

Inflammation has been recognized as an important driver in the development and growth of malignancies. Inflammatory signaling in cancer emerges from the combinatorial interaction of several deregulated pathways. Pathway deregulation is often driven by changes in the underlying gene regulatory networks. Confronted with such complex scenario, it can be argued that a closer analysis of the structure of such regulatory networks will shed some light on how gene deregulation led to sustained inflammation in cancer. Here, we inferred an inflammation-associated gene regulatory network from 641 breast cancer and 78 healthy samples. A modular structure analysis of the regulatory network was carried out, revealing a hierarchical modular structure. Modules show significant overrepresentation score p-values for biological processes unveiling a definite association between inflammatory processes and adaptive immunity. Other modules are enriched for T-cell activation, differentiation of CD8+ lymphocytes and immune cell migration, thus reinforcing the aforementioned association. These analyses suggest that in breast cancer tumors, the balance between antitumor response and immune tolerance involving CD8+ T cells is tipped in favor of the tumor. One possible mechanism is the induction of tolerance and anergization of these cells by persistent antigen exposure.
Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccines: Evidence for Differential Effect of Secondary Vaccination on Humoral and Cellular Immunity

While currently used influenza vaccines are designed to induce neutralizing antibodies, little is known on T cell responses induced by these vaccines. The 2009 pandemic provided us with the opportunity to evaluate the immune response to vaccination in a unique setting. We evaluated both antibody and T cell responses in a cohort of public health care workers (18–52 years) during two consecutive influenza seasons from 2009 to 2011 and compared the MF59-adjuvanted pandemic vaccine with the unadjuvanted seasonal subunit vaccine that included the pandemic strain [The study was registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR2070)]. Antibody responses were determined in serum by a hemagglutination inhibition assay. Vaccine-specific T cell responses were evaluated by detecting IFN-γ producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells using whole influenza virus or vaccine-specific peptide pools as stimulating antigens. Mixed effects regression models were used to correct the data for influenza-specific pre-existing immunity due to previous infections or vaccinations and for age and sex. We show that one dose of the pandemic vaccine induced antibody responses sufficient for providing seroprotection and that the vaccine induced T cell responses. A second dose further increased antibody responses but not T cell responses. Nonetheless, both could be boosted by the seasonal vaccine in the subsequent season. Furthermore, we show that the seasonal vaccine alone is capable of inducing vaccine-specific T cell responses, despite the fact that the vaccine did not contain an adjuvant. In addition, residual antibody levels remained detectable for over 15 months, while T cell levels in the blood had contracted to baseline levels by that time. Hereby, we show that pandemic as well as seasonal vaccines induce both humoral and cellular responses, however, with a different profile of induction and waning, which has its implications for future vaccine design.
Direct and Indirect Probes for Composite Dark Matter

Dark matter candidates are one of the profound signatures of new physics, reflecting existence of new stable particles. If such particles are charged they can bind with ordinary electrons, forming anomalous isotopes. Severe constraints on the anomalous hydrogen exclude new stable single charged particles, but the case of stable double charged particles is not excluded so easily. Similar to ordinary baryonic matter dark matter candidates can be in the form of neutral dark atoms in which new stable or sufficiently long living double charged particles are bound by ordinary Coulomb interaction. In the most simple case only negative double charged particles are bound in O-helium (OHe) dark atoms with primordial helium. OHe hypothesis can provide the solution for puzzles of direct dark matter searches by specifics of OHe interaction in the matter of underground detectors. OHe interaction in the matter can lead to formation of various exotic forms of O-nuclearities. Provided that the mass of the double charged particle is around 1.25 TeV OHe hypothesis can explain the observed positron annihilation line excess in the galactic bulge by pair production in de-excitation of OHe atoms colliding in this region. In the model of Walking Technicolor generation of primordial excess of negatively charged techniparticles (over their antiparticles) can be related to the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, giving proper relationship of baryonic and non-baryonic matter densities. Such primordial excess may be accompanied by a subdominant excess of longliving positively double charged techniparticles, whose decay to same sign pair of leptons can explain the high energy cosmic positron anomaly, detected by PAMELA and AMS02. This explanation should be confronted with the cosmic gamma ray background measured by FERMI/LAT, what put upper limit on the mass of a decaying double charged particle. It makes search for stable double charged particles at the LHC a direct probe for composite dark matter hypothesis.
History of the Obesogen Field: Looking Back to Look Forward

The Obesogen field developed from two separate scientific research areas, endocrine disruptors and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous chemicals or mixtures of chemicals that interfere with the action of hormones. Exposure to EDCs during early development (DOHaD) has been shown to increase susceptibility to a variety of diseases including infertility, asthma, breast and prostate cancer, early puberty, susceptibility to infections, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/learning disability. The effects of EDCs on obesity and fat cell development first gained attention around the turn of the twenty-first century. In 2002 Dr. Paula Baillie-Hamilton wrote the first review article focusing on environmental chemicals and obesity. She suggested that the obesity epidemic correlated with the increased production of chemicals after World War II. Baillie-Hamilton identified studies showing that exposures to a variety of chemicals led to weight gain. Shortly after that a commentary on an article showing that nonylphenol would increase fat cell differentiation in vitro noted the Baillie-Hamilton article and made the point that perhaps obesity was due in part to exposure to EDCs. In 2006 the field of DOHaD/EDCs and obesity made a giant leap forward when Dr. Bruce Blumberg published a paper showing that tributyltin could lead to weight gain in mice and coined the term obesogen for a chemical that caused weight gain and lead to obesity. In 2011, the NIEHS developed the first funding initiative focused on obesogens. In the following years there have been several workshops focused on obesogens. This paper describes these early days that lead to the obesogen hypotheses and the growth of the field for a decade, leading to its prominence today, and provides some insight into where the field is moving.
On Cyber-Physical Coupling and Distributed Control in Smart Grids

This article focuses on characterizing the impact of communication on distributed control performance in smart grid systems. Using a cyber-physical model of the smart grid and utilizing electromechanical wave propagation in transmission systems, a holistic approach is proposed to unify cyber-physical coupling representation. This is facilitated by establishing an event-propagation paradigm relating measurements, distributed control and the physical power systems network characteristics. We investigate how power system characteristics impose limitations on distributed control performance using the proposed approach. The proposed approach is then used to derive fundamental communication delay limits for effective distributed control, and comparative analysis of distributed control performance is investigated for example distributed control scenarios.
Diet and health in Central-Southern Italy during the Roman Imperial time

The reconstruction of ancient diets by means of stable isotopes analyses acquires a deeper meaning when their results are compared with other odonto-skeletal indicators which are strongly contextualized in the light of historical and archaeological evidence. Nevertheless, the outcomes can be contradictory or, more realistically, they may not completely satisfy our hypotheses on how complex and diverse conditions - such as health status, life style, diet and nutrition - can actually interrelate in the life course of an individual. In this study we present and discuss evidences from Isola Sacra and Velia, two Roman Imperial Age coastal towns. The o 15 N and o 13 C values are compared with demographic and health status parameters, such as age, sex, stature, auricular exostoses, DISH, cribra orbitalia , enamel defects.
Deobfuscating Name Scrambling as a Natural Language Generation Task

We are interested in data-driven approaches to Natural Language Generation, but semantic representations for human text are difficult and expensive to construct. By considering a methods implementation as weak semantics for the English terms extracted from the method’s name we can collect massive datasets, akin to have words and sensor dataaligned at a scale never seen before. We applied our learned model to name scrambling, a common technique used to protect intellectual property and increase the effort necessary to reverse engineer Java binary code: replacing all the method and class names by a random identifier. Using 5.6M bytecode-compiled Java methods obtained from the Debianarchive, we trained a Random Forest model to predict the first term in the method name. As features, we use primarily the opcodes of the bytecodes (that is, bytecodes without any parameters). Our results indicate that we can distinguish the 15 most popular terms from the others at 78% recall, helping a programmer performing reverse engineering to reduce half of the methods in a program they should further investigate. We also performed some preliminary experiments using neural machine translation.
TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF UWB SIGNALS BASED ON ANTENNA DECODING

Проблематика. Предложена новая идея по передаче и приему сверхширокополосных сигналов импульсного радио с применением кодирования положения импульса (PPC) в передающей станции и декодировании с помощью антенны в приемной станции. Описана приемная станция, которая обеспечивает декодирование сверхширокополосного сигнала в виде PPC только с использованием приемной антенны, осуществляемого за счет пространственного согласования её конструкции с PPC адресным кодом отдельно взятого абонента. Цель исследований. Раскрыть идею передачи и приема сверхширокополосных сигналов на основе применения метода антенного декодирования PPC адресного кода отдельно взятого абонента. Методика реализации. Проведено компьютерное моделирования генератора сверхширокополосного сигнала импульсного радио с использованием САПР AWR Microwave Office. Для описания временных форм сверхширокополосного сигнала на выходе антенных диполей и в приемнике использован математический аппарат. Результаты исследований. Результаты компьютерного моделирования генератора сверхширокополосного сигнала импульсного радио на базе диода с накоплением заряда показывают возможность генерирования на его выходе сигнала с длительнотью менее 1 нс в полосе частот 0,3 – 2,5 ГГц и амплитудой, не превыщающей 0,3.0,45 В. Математическая модель и графики функций сверхширокополосного сигнала в виде PPC поясняют метод антенного декодирования PPC адресного кода отдельно взятого абонента в приемной станции. Выводы. Предложенная идея является концептуальной. Ее реализация дать возможность предложить новые технологические решения для создания беспроводных телекоммуникационных систем следующего поколения, в особенности в терагерцовом диапазоне.
Research on Length Optimization of Fiber of Length Measurement Method Based on Opto-Electronic Oscillator

Precision length measurement is one of the key techniques of modern manufacturing and industrial mechanics. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity and the corresponding relation between oscillation frequencies and group delay of the loop, the novel length measurement method based on Opto-Electronic Oscillator promises high accuracy absolute length measurement at long range. The length of optical fiber, which affects the characteristic of measurement and signal spectrum, is the key variable parameter, and has a great influence on the length measurement error. In this paper, the most important fiber-length-dependent errors, including the thermally-induced error and the error induced by frequency measurement error, are theoretically analyzed based on the principle of OEO. The fiber-length-dependent error model is established. And the optimum fiber length is deduced according to the model, and practical optimal design way of fiber length is proposed to reduce length measurement error. Experiments on different length of fiber are carried out to verify the optimization of this length measurement method. The results are insistent with the theory, showing the optimization method is effective and practical to reduce the fiber-length-dependent error.
Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice

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