Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Genetic Variation and No Detectable Population Structure in Aspergillus fumigatus Compared to Closely Related Neosartorya Species

ABSTRACT Aspergillus fumigatus is an anamorphic euascomycete mold with a ubiquitous presence worldwide. Despite intensive work to understand its success as a pathogen infecting immunosuppressed patients, the population dynamics and recent evolutionary history of A. fumigatus remain understudied. We examined patterns of genetic variation at three intergenic loci for 70 natural isolates from Europe, North America, South America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. The same loci were used to analyze within-population genetic variation for 33 isolates obtained from five geographic locations. Neither data set detected evidence of population differentiation or found any association between the genetic and geographic distances among these isolates. No evidence for genetic differentiation within the two A. fumigatus mating types was detected. The genetic diversity of A. fumigatus, contrasted with that of its close teleomorphic relatives, Neosartorya fischeri and Neosartorya spinosa, is remarkably low.
Sinus rhythm heart rate estimation in high noise environments by application of a priori RR interval statistics

Abstract Most existing heart beat detection algorithms serially process peaks, which can be either noise or true beats. Serial processing can result in inaccurate detections in the context of high noise. The proposed method relies on the relative regularity of sinus rhythm RR interval changes to select the best sequences of peaks in a 5–10 s long segment of cardiac data. The best sequences with a current data segment are subjected to a trending analysis, to determine whether their associated RR intervals fit within a pattern of prior best segments. The RR regularity scores and the results of the trending analysis are combined into a single sequence score and the final sequence for a segment is chosen from the best sequences based on this overall score. The current heart rate estimate is updated with the final sequence’s RR interval by an adaptive filter that weights the overall score. Twenty-four hour RR interval records for 54 normal individuals were parsed into 10-s segments and corrupted with spurious ‘noise’ peaks, which resulted in a revised RR interval series that included a number of false RR intervals. The algorithm was run on these corrupted RR interval series. The percentages of mean heart rate values within 5 beats min−1 of the true value were 95%, 88% and 77% for 10, 20 and 30 added noise spikes, respectively. The percentages of mean heart rate values within 10 beats min−1 of the true value were 98%, 96% and 91% for 10, 20 and 30 added noise spikes, respectively. Accuracy was higher for data segments characterized by relatively low RR interval variability. The proposed algorithm shows promise for estimating average heart rate for sinus rhythm in high noise environments.
The Kinematics and Performance of the Escape Response in the Angelfish (Pterophyllum Eimekei)

Summary The kinematics of turning manoeuvres and the distance-time performance in escape responses of startled angelfish {Pterophyllum eimekei) are investigated employing high-speed cinematography (400Hz). All escape responses observed are C-type fast-starts, in which the fish assumes a C shape at the end of the initial body contraction (stage 1). Kinematic analysis of the subsequent stage (stage 2) allows the response to be classified into two types: single bend (SB), in which the tail does not recoil completely after the formation of the C, and double bend (DB), in which it does. The two types of response have different total escape angles (measured from the subsequent positions of the centre of mass, SB 120.0°; DB 73.3°, P <0.0001; ^=0.80). Stage 1 duration is linearly correlated to stage 1 turning angle (P<0.0001; r 2 =0.83) and to total escape angle (P<0.0001; ^=0.72) for both types of escape. Distance-time performance is also different in the two response types, mainly because of differences in stage 2 (maximum velocity for SB 0.99ms" 1 ; maximum velocity for DB 1.53ms" 1 : maximum acceleration for SB 34.1ms" 2 ; maximum acceleration for DB 74.7ms~ 2 : P<0.0001 in both cases). As a result, there are significant differences in the performance throughout the whole response (maximum velocity 1.02 ms" 1 and 1.53 ms" 1 for SB and DB fast-starts, respectively; maximum acceleration 63.2 ms" 2 and 91.9 ms~ 2 for SB and DB fast-starts, respectively) as well as within a fixed time (0.03 s). Overall, higher distance-time performances associated with smaller angles of turn are found in DB than in SB responses.
Platelet Recruitment in the Murine Hepatic Microvasculature During Experimental Sepsis: Role of Neutrophils

Objectives: Sepsis is a major clinical problem that often results in the dysfunction or failure of multiple organs, including the liver. While inflammatory cell activation has been implicated as an early critical event in sepsis‐induced liver dysfunction, there is growing evidence for the involvement of activated platelets in this pathologic process.
High glucose inhibits fructose uptake in renal proximal tubule cells: Involvement of cAMP, PLC/PKC, p44/42 MAPK, and cPLA2

The precise signal that regulates fructose transport in renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) under high glucose conditions is not yet known although fructose has been recommended as a substitute for glucose in the diets of diabetic people. Thus, we investigated that effect of high glucose on fructose uptake and its signaling pathways in primary cultured rabbit renal PTCs. Glucose inhibited the fructose uptake in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. A maximal inhibitory effect of glucose on fructose uptake was observed at 25 mM glucose after 48 h, while 25 mM mannitol and l‐glucose did not affect fructose uptake. Indeed, 25 mM glucose for 48 h decreased GLUT5 protein level. Thus, the treatment of 25 mM glucose for 48 h was used for this study. Glucose‐induced (25 mM) inhibition of fructose uptake was blocked by pertussis toxin (PTX), SQ‐22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor), and myristoylated amide 14–22 (a protein kinase A inhibitor). Indeed, 25 mM glucose increased the intracellular cAMP content. Furthermore, 25 mM glucose‐induced inhibition of fructose uptake was prevented by neomycin or U‐73122 (phospholipase C inhibitors) and staurosporine or bisindolylmaleimide I (protein kinase C inhibitors). In fact, 25 mM glucose increased the total PKC activity and translocation of PKC from the cytosolic to membrane fraction. In addition, PD 98059 (a p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor) but not SB 203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and mepacrine or AACOCF3 (phospholipase A2 inhibitors) blocked 25 mM glucose‐induced inhibition of fructose uptake. Results of Western blotting using the p44/42 MAPK and GLUT5 antibodies were consistent with the results of uptake experiments. In conclusion, high glucose inhibits the fructose uptake through cAMP, PLC/PKC, p44/42 MAPK, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) pathways in the PTCs. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large-eddy simulation of a separated boundary layer

In tests of wall models on a very coarse grid in the flow behind a backward-facing step (Cabot 1996), simple models in which wall stresses were modeled by assuming a local log law gave good results in attached regions but underpredicted the magnitude of the negative skin friction in the primary separated region, compared with well resolved large-eddy simulation (LES) results. More complicated thin boundary layer equations were able to give better overall results, but the negative skin friction predicted by this model was observed to be somewhat too large in magnitude. Because of the very coarse resolution, no model was able (or really expected) to capture secondary recirculation features in the corner. Subsequent tests (Cabot 1996, 1997) were ambiguous as to cause of this behavior, noting that the near-wall eddy viscosity model (a mixing length prescription with a wall damping function) was ill suited for separated flow and that the standard subgrid-scale (SGS) model used was inaccurate for coarsely gridded near-wall meshes. The severe corner geometry was also thought to be complicating the interpretation of the results. To provide a clearer test case for wall modeling in complex, separated flow without such geometrical complications, a new test case was chosen featuring mild separation on a flat plate due to an induced adverse pressure gradient, for which Na & Moin (1998) had performed a direct numerical simulation (DNS) at a low Reynolds number. The goal of recent work has been to perform a less expensive LES of this flow with a well resolved wall for use as a test case for evaluating the performance of wall models with coarsely resolved walls (Cabot 1997). Initially, the same low Reynolds number case as the DNS was to be simulated to validate the LES with well resolved walls and then used to perform tests of LES with coarsely resolved walls using wall models. Further, with the general shift to parallel supercomputing architectures and the diminishing availability of serial time, the separated boundary layer codes needed to be converted to a portable parallel framework (MPI) and validated with results from the extant serial vector code. The status of the separated boundary layer simulations is given in §2 and the directions for future simulations and wall model tests therein are given in §3.
A wireless subglacial probe for deep ice applications

Abstract We present the design and first results from two experiments using a wireless subglacial sensor system (WiSe) that is able to transmit data through 2500 m thick ice. Energy consumption of the probes is minimized, enabling the transmission of data for at least 10 years. In July 2010 the first prototype of the system was used to measure subglacial pressure at the base and a temperature profile consisting of 23 probes in two 600 m deep holes at Russell Glacier, a land-terminating part of the West Greenland ice sheet near Kangerlussuaq. The time series of subglacial pressure show very good agreement between data from the WiSe system and the wired reference system. The wireless-measured temperature data were validated by comparison with the theoretical decrease of melting point with water pressure inside the water-filled hole directly after installation. To test the depth range of the WiSe system a second experiment using three different probe types and two different surface antennas was performed inside the 2537 m deep hole at NEEM. It is demonstrated that, with the proper combination of transmission power and surface antenna type, the WiSe system transmits data through 2500 m thick ice.
Energy harvesting by MEMS vibrational devices with electrets

This paper presents experimental proof of energy harvesting with MEMS-based vibrational devices. To clarify the effect of the coupling of vibration of MEMS devices and electrical field of electrets for current generation, a slit-and-slider structure was developed. This structure enables to combine the MEMS devices and electrets after their vibrational and electrical properties have been characterized separately. In the fabrication, the movable gold electrodes were released and then aligned by chip-on-chip mounting to face the fixed electrodes. A 1-mm-square electrode resonated around 1166 Hz with external vibration of a magnitude of acceleration of 1 m/s2. The surface and rear potentials of the electret were around −150 and +100 V, respectively. The coupling of the mechanical and electrical properties produced an AC current of 170 pA. The results pave the way to designing and fabricating small-sized vibrational energy harvesters.
THE AETIOLOGY OF ACUTE MIDDLE EAR INFECTION.

Five hundred and sixty-three specimens taken by the puncture-aspiration technique from patients suffering from acute middle ear infections during two periods 1956–1957 and 1962–1963 were cultured for the detection of micro-organisms. Virological techniques were employed also in the first period. The investigations reveal that Diplococcus pneumoniae, H. in-fluenzae and Strept. pyogenes are still the most common causative organisms in acute middle ear infection and that Staph. aureus is of lesser importance than has been claimed. Acute middle ear infection is almost always a monomicrobic infection. PPL organisms and virus were not found with the techniques employed.
Building Automation and Context Aware Energy Consumption using IoT – Smart Campus

The world is now heading towards a busier lifestyle. Taking care of upcoming challenges in life everyone expects the day to day works to be handled with less effort. Here automation plays an important role in easing the lifestyle of people. Automation takes care of getting the task done without human involvement. Automation implied using Internet of Things (IoT) makes the device smarter and allow them act according to the context which brings in the context awareness of the automated energy efficient systems. Context aware system is important for efficient use of energy and automation allows the system to work with less manual support. This paper proposes a system that uses IoT to design an automated module to control room appliances and a context tracing system to trace the environment of the room for efficient automated use of appliances and hence efficient energy usage. The traditional system of energy consumptions includes huge amount of energy wastage as well as huge cost. Rate at which the traditional system is wasting the energy resources it is likely face an energy crisis soon. Automation can be a decent solution to to such hazardous problems.
A Simulation-Based Method for Generating Tests for Sequential Circuits

In a recent work of the authors (1987), a simulation-based directed search approach for generating test vectors for combinational circuits was proposed. In this method, the search for a test vector is guided by a cost function computed by the simulator. Event-driven simulation deals with circuit delays in a very natural manner. Signal controllability information required for the cost function is incorporated in a new form of logic model called the threshold-value model. These concepts are extended to meet the needs of sequential circuit test generation. Such extensions include handling of unknown values, analysis of feedback loops, and analysis of race conditions in the threshold-value model. A threshold-value sequential test generation program, TVSET, is implemented. It automatically initializes the circuit and generates race-free tests for synchronous and asynchronous circuits. >
SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 Aids in Resilience to Salt and Drought in Freezing-Sensitive Tomato1[OPEN]

Lipid remodeling of chloroplast membranes mediated by SENSITIVE TO FREEZING 2 protects freezing-sensitive plants such as tomatoes against cellular dehydration brought on by drought and salt stress. SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 (SFR2) is crucial for protecting chloroplast membranes following freezing in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). It has been shown that SFR2 homologs are present in all land plants, including freezing-sensitive species, raising the question of SFR2 function beyond freezing tolerance. Similar to freezing, salt and drought can cause dehydration. Thus, it is hypothesized that in freezing-sensitive plants SFR2 may play roles in their resilience to salt or drought. To test this hypothesis, SlSFR2 RNAi lines were generated in the cold/freezing-sensitive species tomato (Solanum lycopersicum [M82 cv]). Hypersensitivity to salt and drought of SlSFR2-RNAi lines was observed. Higher tolerance of wild-type tomatoes was correlated with the production of trigalactosyldiacylglycerol, a product of SFR2 activity. Tomato SFR2 in vitro activity is Mg2+-dependent and its optimal pH is 7.5, similar to that of Arabidopsis SFR2, but the specific activity of tomato SFR2 in vitro is almost double that of Arabidopsis SFR2. When salt and drought stress were applied to Arabidopsis, no conditions could be identified at which SFR2 was induced prior to irreversibly impacting plant growth, suggesting that SFR2 protects Arabidopsis primarily against freezing. Discovery of tomato SFR2 function in drought and salt resilience provides further insights into general membrane lipid remodeling-based stress tolerance mechanisms and together with protection against freezing in freezing-resistant plants such as Arabidopsis, it adds lipid remodeling as a possible target for the engineering of abiotic stress-resilient crops.
Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Venous Thromboembolic Disease from a Rural Population

Objective: To study the adverse outcomes and its predictors during anticoagulant therapy in patients with venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) from a rural population. Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 94 consecutive patients. The patients were diagnosed in a first-level hospital from a rural Spanish area using objective methods of VTD. Results: The mean follow-up with anticoagulant therapy was 7.1 months (range: 0–29 months). Eighteen patients (19.1%) had an adverse outcome: 10 (10.6%) during the first month and 8 (8.5%) after the first month. Sixteen patients (17%) died, 6 (6.4%) had a major hemorrhage, and 4 (4.3%) had a thromboembolic recurrence. Comorbidity, cancer, nonidiopathic VTD, and pulmonary thromboembolism were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Adverse outcomes during anticoagulant therapy are frequent in patients from a rural population with VTD. These adverse outcomes occur frequently during the first month of treatment and are associated with the patient's prior status and the presence of pulmonary thromboembolism.
Exercise oscillatory ventilation: instability of breathing control associated with advanced heart failure.

BACKGROUND Instability of breathing control due to heart failure (HF) manifests as exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV). Prior descriptions of patients with EOV have not been controlled and have been limited to subjects with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <or= 0.40. The aim of this study was to compare clinical characteristics including ventilatory responses of subjects with EOV to those of control subjects with HF matched for LVEF. METHODS Subjects (n = 47) were retrospectively identified from 1,340 consecutive patients referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Study inclusion required EOV without consideration of LVEF while control subjects (n = 47) were composed of HF patients with no EOV matched for LVEF. Characteristics for each group were summarized and compared. RESULTS For EOV subjects, the mean LVEF was 0.37 (range, 0.11 to 0.70), and 19 subjects (41%) had an LVEF of >or= 0.40. Compared to control subjects, EOV subjects had increased left atrial dimension, mitral E-wave velocity, and right heart pressures as well as decreased exercise tidal volume response, functional capacity, rest and exercise end-tidal carbon dioxide, and increased ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide and dead space ventilation (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 6.7; p = 0.006), digitalis therapy (odds ratio, 0.27; p = 0.02), New York Heart Association class (odds ratio, 3.5; p = 0.0006), rest end-tidal carbon dioxide (odds ratio, 0.87; p = 0.005), and peak heart rate (odds ratio, 0.98; p = 0.02) were independently associated with EOV. CONCLUSIONS Patients with EOV have clinical characteristics and exercise ventilatory responses consistent with more advanced HF than patients with comparable LV systolic function; EOV may occur in HF patients with an LVEF of >or= 0.40.
Practical Analysis of Wind-Induced Human Comfort Condition of Tall Buildings

A practical analysis procedure for estimation of the wind-induced root mean square acceleration response and the human comfort condition of tall buildings is presented in this paper. The modal wind-force time history curves and the corresponding power spectrum curves are first determined through analysis of the wind-pressure coefficient data obtained from the aerodynamic wind-tunnel model test and the dynamic characteristics analysis of the building structure. The relationship of modal force power spectrum to natural frequency of the structure can then be found by using the curve-fitting method. Based on the random vibration theory a simplified expression of the root mean square acceleration with respect to the natural frequency considering the resonance response of the structure can be established. By comparing the obtained expression with the acceleration limits related to the human comfort requirement, the wind-induced human comfort condition assessment may be achieved.
Semen Analysis and Sperm Function Tests as Diagnostic Tools for Male Animals’ Infertility

Abbreviations: AI: Artificial Insemination; BCF: Beat Cross Frequency; PI: Propidiumiodide; ZBA: Zona Binding Assay; DFI: DNA Fragmentation Index; HZA: Hemizona Assay; SCSA: Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay; AOT: Acridine Orange Test; SCD: Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; VSL: Straight Line Velocity; LIN: linearity; VCL: Curvilinear Velocity; CTC: Fluorescent Chlortetracycline
Diet alters male horn allometry in the beetle Onthophagus acuminatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Darwin considered the horns of male beetles to be among the most striking examples of sexual selection. As with antlers in deer or elk, beetle horns scale positively with male body size, with the result that large males have disproportionately longer horns than small males. It is generally assumed that such scaling relationships (‘static allometries’) are insensitive to short–term changes in the environment, and for this reason they are regularly used as diagnostic attributes of populations or species. Here I report breeding experiments on horned beetles that demonstrate that the scaling relationship between male horn length and body size changes when larval nutrition changes. Males reared on a low–quality diet had longer horn lengths at any given body size than sibling males reared on a high–quality diet. Such ‘allometry plasticity’ may explain seasonal changes observed in this same scaling relationship in a natural population. These experiments demonstrate that scaling relationships of sexually selected traits can respond facultatively to variation in the environment, thereby revealing a new mechanism by which males regulate the production of exaggerated secondary sexual traits.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of White Ponni, a non-basmati variety of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)

We report successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a popular rice variety White Ponni, a non-basmati indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Scutellumderived calluses of White Ponni were transformed with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 (pSB1) harbouring the binary vector pMKU-RF2 with rice chi11 gene. Five independent transgenic White Ponni plants were generated from hygromycin-resistant calluses. Stable integration of the transgene was confirmed and copy numbers were determined by Southern analysis. Among the five plants, four possessed single-copy T-DNA integration events while one was found to have two integrated copies of T-DNA. Western analysis revealed a higher level of chitinase accumulation in all the five T 0 plants. Progeny analysis of T 0 plants confirmed the inheritance of the transgene to the next generation.