Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dominance in relation to age, sex, and competitive contexts in a group of free-ranging domestic dogs

Current knowledge about social behavior of free-ranging domestic dogs is scarce, and the possibility that they could form stable social groups has been highly debated. We investigated the existence of a social-dominance hierarchy in a free-ranging group of domestic dogs. We quantified the pattern of dyadic exchange of a number of behaviors to examine to what extent each behavior fits a linear rank-order model. We distinguished among agonistic dominance, formal dominance, and competitive ability. The agonistic-dominance hierarchy in the study group shows significant and substantial linearity. As in random assortments of captive wolves, there is a prominent but nonexclusive male agonistic dominance in each age class. The agonistic rank-order correlates positively and significantly with age. Submissive--affiliative behavior fulfills the criteria of formal submission signals; nevertheless, it was not observed among all dogs, and thus, it is not useful to order the dogs in a consistent linear rank. Agonistic-dominance relationships in the dog group remain stable across different competitive contexts and to the behaviors considered. Some individuals gain access to food prevailing over other dogs during competitions. Access to food resources is predicted reasonably well by agonistic rank order: High-ranking individuals have the priority of access. The findings of this research contradict the notion that free-ranging dogs are "asocial" animals and agree with other studies suggesting that long-term social bonds exist within free-ranging dog groups. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Effect of feeding level on growth and nutrient deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) growing from 150 to 600 g

The effects of feeding level on growth and energy partitioning were studied in rainbow trout growing from 150 to 600 g. Triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 158 g fish(-1)) were fed a practical diet at various feeding levels (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of near satiation) for 24 weeks at 8.5 degrees C. The final body weights of fish were 235, 381, 526 and 621 g. Restricted feeding levels significantly reduced live weight gain. Feeding levels had less pronounced effects on feed efficiency ratio, which were 0.98, 1.08, 1.02 and 0.83, respectively, for the 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% feeding levels. The growth of fish fed to near satiation was accurately described by the thermal-unit growth coefficient. The growth data also showed that the widely used specific growth rate was not an appropriate model. Fish fed at the lowest feeding level (25%), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2 kJ fish(-1) day(-1)), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. The efficiency of energy for growth (k(g)) was estimated to be 0.63. The factorial multiple regression approach estimated that the partial efficiencies of metabolizable energy utilization for protein deposition (k(p)) and lipid deposition (k(f)) were 0.63 and 0.72, and that maintenance energy requirement was about 19 kJ (kg BW0.824)(-1), for rainbow trout held at 8.5 degrees C.
The Encryption Scheme for DICOM Based on the Homomorphic Higher Degree Residue System in Cloud Storage

With the rapid development of the cloud technology, more and more users outsource their complex data management to the cloud server. When managing data in a more economical and more ﬂexible way, personal privacy and data security are always worried about. Aiming at the security and privacy issues of DICOM, a novel encryption algorithm called Homomorphic Higher Degree Residue Numbers Encryption, is presented in this paper with which users can directly operate ciphertext at the circumstance of no plaintext and it eﬀectively protects users’ privacy. Further, it gives a model of protecting strategy for DICOM in cloud computing and may store data in a distributed way in every cloud server with the ciphertext form. The results of the simulation experiment indicate this algorithm has good safety and executive eﬃciency.
A Multistage Method for Road Extraction from Optical Remotely Sensed Imagery

This paper presents a multistage framework for road extraction from re-motely sensed imagery. The framework is a combination of multifeature-based mean shift, SVM classiﬁer, and shape feature ﬁlter. Mean shift is ﬁrst employed to cluster the remotely sensed images in the fusion of spectral-texture features and then a classiﬁer of SVM is applied to classify the segmented images into two classes: the road class and the non-road class. Finally, the road class is reﬁned by using road shape features. The experimental results show that this method is eﬃcient in extracting road from remotely sensed imagery
Identifying candidate genes involved in brain tumor formation

Malignant primary brain tumors, gliomas, often overexpress both platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligands and receptors providing an autocrine and/or paracrine boost to tumor growth. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent glioma. Its aggressive and infiltrative growth renders it extremely difficult to treat. Median survival after diagnosis is currently only 12-14 months. The present review describes the use of retroviral tagging to identify candidate cancer-causing genes that cooperate with PDGF in brain tumor formation. Newborn mice injected intracerebrally with a Moloney murine leukemia retrovirus carrying the sis/PDGF-B oncogene and a replication competent helper virus developed brain tumors with many characteristics of human gliomas. Analysis of proviral integrations in the brain tumors identified almost 70 common insertion sites (CISs). These CISs were named brain tumor loci and harbored known but also putative novel cancer-causing genes. Microarray analysis identified differentially expressed genes in the mouse brain tumors compared to normal brain. Known tumor genes and markers of immature cells were upregulated in the tumors. Tumors developed 13-42 weeks after injection and short latency tumors were further distinguished as fast growing and GBM-like. Long latency tumors resembled slow-growing oligodendrogliomas and contained significantly less integrations as compared to short latency tumors. Several candidate genes tagged in this retroviral screen have known functions in neoplastic transformation and oncogenesis. Some candidates with a previously unknown function in tumorigenesis were found and their putative role in brain tumor formation will be discussed in this review. The results show that proviral tagging may be a useful tool in the search for candidate glioma genes.
Prevalence of headache and associated factors among adolescents: results of a population-based study.

INTRODUCTION Cephalalgia is one of the most common somatic complaints related to health problems in childhood and adolescence. OBJECTIVE To measure the cephalalgia prevalence in adolescents from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and associated factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional population-based study, carried out in 2015, with 539 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 15 and 19 years. The information was collected in a household survey, and the participants were selected from probabilistic sampling. Frequencies, χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used in the study, and significance level was 5%. RESULTS the estimated prevalence of cephalalgia was 38.2% (95%CI 33.8 - 42.7), and 7.8% (95%CI 5.6 - 10.7), migraine. The associated factors for cephalalgia were: female sex (OR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.4 - 3.4), Common Mental Disorder (OR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.7 - 4.9), vision impairment (OR = 2.6; 95%CI 1.6 - 4.2), besides back pain (OR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.3 - 3.5), sinusitis (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 - 3.4) and incomplete elementary education (OR = 3.0; 95%CI 1.6 - 5.6). CONCLUSION The prevalence of headache among adolescents in the city of São Paulo represented more than 1/3 (one third) of this population. The main associated factors were sex, low schooling and the following comorbidities: common mental disorder and vision impairment.
Punicalagin Damages the Membrane of Salmonella Typhimurium.

Salmonella , a bacterial, food-borne pathogen, can contaminate meat, milk, and vegetables. While appropriate measures are available to control Salmonella , the inhibitory phytochemicals from plants are gaining increased attention. Punicalagin, a natural antibiotic, is one of the main active tannins isolated from Punica granatum L . To obtain a broader understanding of the effect of punicalagin on the cell membranes of Salmonella typhimurium , the killing kinetics, extracellular potassium concentration, release of cell constituents, intracellular pH (pH in ), membrane potential, and morphological features were characterized to elucidate the mechanisms of action. Treatment with punicalagin induced an increase in the extracellular concentrations of potassium and a release of cell constituents. A higher pH gradient, an increase in the pH in and cell membrane depolarization were observed after punicalagin treatment. Electron microscopy observations showed that the cell membrane structures of S. typhimurium were damaged by punicalagin. It is concluded that punicalagin inhibits the proliferation of S. typhimurium and destroys the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to a loss of cell homeostasis. These findings indicate that punicalagin has the potential to be used as a food preservative in order to control S. typhimurium contamination in food and reduce the risk of salmonellosis.
IL-6-induced upregulation of T-type Ca2+ currents and sensitization of DRG nociceptors is attenuated by MNK inhibition: translational research perspective.

EDITOR : Nociceptor hyperexcitability is emerging as a major public health challenge globally; precise dissection of cellular, molecular, and genetic regulatory networks is essen-tial for demystifying the underlying neurophysiological basis of IL-6-induced upregulation of T-type Ca 2 (cid:2) currents and sensitization of dorsal root ganglions (DRG) nociceptors in “at risk” susceptible populations of varying genetic and metabolic proﬁles (Black 1999; Jeevakumar al. 2020; Perini et al. 2020). The study by Jeevakumar et al. (2020) entitled “IL-6-induced upregulation of T-type Ca 2 (cid:2) currents and sensitization of DRG nociceptors is attenuated by MNK inhibition” pub-lished in Journal of Neurophysiology is indeed enlightening. In this letter, I highlight critical research insights in DRG-noci-ceptor hyperexcitability by assessing study strengths/limita-tions for future design of innovative therapeutic strategies/ protocols in patient-friendly clinical management in both high-and low-resource settings. group
Physics-Based Device Models and Progress Review for Active Piezoelectric Semiconductor Devices

Piezoelectric devices transduce mechanical energy to electrical energy by elastic deformation, which distorts local dipoles in crystalline materials. Amongst electromechanical sensors, piezoelectric devices are advantageous because of their scalability, light weight, low power consumption, and readily built-in amplification and ability for multiplexing, which are essential for wearables, medical devices, and robotics. This paper reviews recent progress in active piezoelectric devices. We classify these piezoelectric devices according to the material dimensionality and present physics-based device models to describe and quantify the piezoelectric response for one-dimensional nanowires, emerging two-dimensional materials, and three-dimensional thin films. Different transduction mechanisms and state-of-the-art devices for each type of material are reviewed. Perspectives on the future applications of active piezoelectric devices are discussed.
Natural language to SQL: Where are we today?

Translating natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) has received extensive attention lately, especially with the recent success of deep learning technologies. However, despite the large number of studies, we do not have a thorough understanding of how good existing techniques really are and how much is applicable to real-world situations. A key difficulty is that different studies are based on different datasets, which often have their own limitations and assumptions that are implicitly hidden in the context or datasets. Moreover, a couple of evaluation metrics are commonly employed but they are rather simplistic and do not properly depict the accuracy of results, as will be shown in our experiments. To provide a holistic view of NL2SQL technologies and access current advancements, we perform extensive experiments under our unified framework using eleven of recent techniques over 10+ benchmarks including a new benchmark (WTQ) and TPC-H. We provide a comprehensive survey of recent NL2SQL methods, introducing a taxonomy of them. We reveal major assumptions of the methods and classify translation errors through extensive experiments. We also provide a practical tool for validation by using existing, mature database technologies such as query rewrite and database testing. We then suggest future research directions so that the translation can be used in practice.
Shifting traditional healthcare paradoxes—The case for true system transformation

Although national spending on healthcare has progressed on an upward trend over several decades, issues regarding performance remain. Challenges such as access to specialist care and maternal and infant mortality rates contributed to Canada’s recent ranking of ninth among 11 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries for overall health system performance. Although disruptive transformation is required to resolve our chronic performance issues, effective change cannot be realized without addressing the foundational elements of patient-centred care, interprofessional care, and system integration. Inspired by examples of innovative disruption in other jurisdictions and industries, these three concepts are outlined as the core ingredients for healthcare transformation and describe how they currently function in a paradoxical manner—as self-contradictory statements which in reality are not executed to their true meaning. This article illustrates how improvements in health system performance are hinged to the need to rectify and fuse these three mutually inclusive and inseparable concepts.
Acute Postoperative Pain Is Associated With Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled pain after noncardiac surgery activates the sympathetic nervous system, which causes tachycardia, hypertension, and increased cardiac contractility—all of which may increase myocardial oxygen demand. We therefore determined whether time-weighted average pain scores over the initial 72 postoperative hours are associated with myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of adults with routine postoperative troponin monitoring after noncardiac surgery under general, regional, or combined anesthesia at tertiary level centers in Cleveland from January 2012 to December 2015. Time-weighted average pain scores were calculated from all the available pain scores, typically at 4-hour intervals, until a troponin elevation was detected. MINS was defined as peak troponin T concentrations exceeding 0.03 ng/mL within 72 hours after surgery. We used a generalized linear mixed model to assess the association between pain and MINS with 3 hospitals as clusters, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Among 2892 eligible patients, 4.5% had myocardial injury within 72 hours after surgery. Higher time-weighted average pain scores were associated with increased hazard of myocardial injury. The estimated hazard ratio for a 1-unit increase in pain score was 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.22; P = .013), adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, time-weighted average pain scores within 72 hours after surgery were significantly associated with myocardial injury.
Passage of botulinum neurotoxin across intestinal barrier

paralysis, is produced by anaerobic bacteria of the Clostridium genus. BoNTs are classified into 7 types (A to G) and form different complexes by association with non-toxic proteins, including the non-toxic non-hemagglutinin component (NTNH) and hemagglutinins (HAs). En coding genes are clustered in the botulinum locus and organized in two divergent operons, ntnh-bont/A and ha34-ha17-ha70 for type A, whose expressions are positively regulated by the alternative sigma factor BotR. A synchronous expression peak of all the botulinum locus genes is measured by real-time RT-PCR at the transition between exponential and stationary growth phases, concomitantly to toxin accumulation in culture supernatant. In an intestinal epithelium model, purified BoNT/A is transcytosed after binding, via the Hc/A domain, to apical receptors including gangliosides and putative SV2-related proteins. Binding affinity and transport efficiency into intestinal cells are higher with crypt-type than with enterocytetype cell lines. Injected into the lumen of ligatured mouse ileal loops, BoNT/A inhibits smooth muscle contractions and fluorescent Hc/A migrates across mucosa, through some crypt cells, to submucosa and musculosa where it targets certain nerve endings, mostly cholinergic. Hc /A is internalized via different pathways into neuronal cells (dynamin- and clathrin-dependent) and intestinal cells (dynamin- and Cdc42-dependent, and clathrinindependent).
ChiSeL: Graph Similarity Search using Chi-Squared Statistics in Large Probabilistic Graphs

Subgraph querying is one of the most important primitives in many applications. Although the field is well studied for deterministic graphs, in many situations, the graphs are probabilistic in nature. In this paper, we address the problem of subgraph querying in large probabilistic labeled graphs. We employ a novel algorithmic framework, called ChiSeL, that uses the idea of statistical significance for approximate subgraph matching on uncertain graphs that have uncertainty in edges. For each candidate matching vertex in the target graph that matches a query vertex, we compute its statistical significance using the chi-squared statistic. The search algorithm then proceeds in a greedy manner by exploring the vertex neighbors having the largest chi-square score. In addition to edge uncertainty, we also show how ChiSeL can handle uncertainty in labels and/or vertices. Experiments on large real-life graphs show the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithm.
Color changing and behavioral context in the Amazonian Dwarf Cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae (Perciformes)

Animal coloration has many functions, and fishes are noted among vertebrates for presenting a wide variety of color patterns. Although in marine fishes the relationship between body coloration and behavioral context is well documented, there’s not much information about freshwater fishes. Here we describe color patterns displayed by the dwarf cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae and suggest that these patterns are dependent on different social and behavioral settings. Field observations were conducted underwater in a pond in Central Amazonia, Brazil. We recorded six body coloration patterns related to seven different kinds of behavioral activities: foraging, resting, reproductive and agonistic displays, aggression (attacking and fleeing) and parental care. Changes in coloration occur rapidly and take only a few seconds. Females on parental care exhibited a unique pattern that are more persistent and probably manifests more slowly. In the shallow and clear waters of the natural environment of this dwarf cichlid, color communication seems to constitute an efficient way to display information about individual mood, social status and reproductive readiness, contributing to minimize loss of energy in unnecessary interactions. Coloracao animal tem diferentes funcoes, e os peixes se destacam entre os vertebrados por apresentarem uma grande diversidade de padroes de cores. Embora se conheca relativamente bem a relacao entre coloracao e contexto comportamental para peixes marinhos, pouco se sabe para os peixes de agua doce. Nos descrevemos os padroes de coloracao de um ciclideo amazonico, Apistogramma hippolytae, e sugerimos como esses padroes sao dependentes das caracteristicas sociais e comportamentais. Realizamos observacoes subaquaticas utilizando mergulho livre em campo durante o dia em uma lagoa na Amazonia Central. Nos caracterizamos seis padroes de coloracao associados a sete comportamentos diferentes: alimentacao, repouso, displays sexual e agonistico, agressao (ataque e fuga) e cuidado parental. As mudancas de coloracao levam apenas alguns segundos. Femeas em cuidado parental exibem um padrao exclusivo, cuja mudanca e mais lenta. No ambiente natural desse ciclideo, locais rasos com aguas claras, a comunicacao por coloracao pode ser um sistema eficiente de comunicar o estado motivacional individual, status social e disposicao para reproducao, possivelmente contribuindo para minimizar a perda de energia com interacoes desnecessarias.
Development of Monolithically Grown Coaxial GaInN/GaN Multiple Quantum Shell Nanowires by MOCVD

Broadened emission was demonstrated in coaxial GaInN/GaN multiple quantum shell (MQS) nanowires that were monolithically grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The non-polar GaInN/GaN structures were coaxially grown on n-core nanowires with combinations of three different diameters and pitches. To broaden the emission band in these three nanowire patterns, we varied the triethylgallium (TEG) flow rate and the growth temperature of the quantum barriers and wells, and investigated their effects on the In incorporation rate during MQS growth. At higher TEG flow rates, the growth rate of MQS and the In incorporation rate were promoted, resulting in slightly higher cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity. An enhancement up to 2–3 times of CL intensity was observed by escalating the growth temperature of the quantum barriers to 800 °C. Furthermore, decreasing the growth temperature of the quantum wells redshifted the peak wavelength without reducing the MQS quality. Under the modified growth sequence, monolithically grown nanowires with a broaden emission was achieved. Moreover, it verified that reducing the filling factor (pitch) can further promote the In incorporation probability on the nanowires. Compared with the conventional film-based quantum well LEDs, the demonstrated monolithic coaxial GaInN/GaN nanowires are promising candidates for phosphor-free white and micro light-emitting diodes (LEDs).