Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase IV are protected against obesity and insulin resistance

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV), a member of the prolyl oligopeptidase family of peptidases, is involved in the metabolic inactivation of a glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and other incretin hormones. Here, we investigated the impact of DP-IV deficiency on body weight control and insulin sensitivity in mice. Whereas WT mice displayed accelerated weight gain and hyperinsulinemia when fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking the gene encoding DP-IV (DP-IV-/-) are refractory to the development of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Pair-feeding and indirect calorimetry studies indicate that reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure accounted for the resistance to HFD-induced obesity in the DP-IV-/- mice. Ablation of DP-IV also is associated with elevated GLP-1 levels and improved metabolic control in these animals, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity, reduced pancreatic islet hypertrophy, and protection against streptozotocin-induced loss of β cell mass and hyperglycemia. Together, these observations suggest that chronic deletion of DP-IV gene has significant impact on body weight control and energy homeostasis, providing validation of DP-IV inhibition as a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of metabolic disorders related to diabetes and obesity.
Signaling Versus the Balance of Power and Interests

Conventional wisdom holds that in international disputes, a state's military threast are more likely to work the more the state is favored by the balance of power or the balance of interests. Analysis of a game-theoretic model of crisis signaling substantially refines and revises this claim. Due to selection effects arising from strategic behavior, measures of the relative strength of a defender's interests that are available before a crisis begins (ex ante) should be related to the failure of the defender's threats during the crisis. Ex ante measures of the defender's relative military strength should correlate with the success of the defender's crisis threats, but due to strategic dynamics that are not grasped by the standard arguments. A reanalysis of Huth and Russett's data on immediate deterrent threats lends support for these and other hypotheses drawn from the game-theoretic treatment.
Kinetic study on the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose to levulinic acid

A variety of interesting bulk chemicals is accessible by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose. An interesting example is levulinic acid, a versatile precursor for fuel additives, polymers, and resins. A detailed kinetic study on the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose to levulinic acid is reported in this paper. The kinetic experiments were performed in a temperature window of 150−200 °C, sulfuric acid concentrations between 0.05 and 1 M, and initial cellulose intakes between 1.7 and 14 wt %. The highest yield of levulinic was 60 mol %, obtained at a temperature of 150 °C, an initial cellulose intake of 1.7 wt %, and a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 M. A full kinetic model covering a broad range of reaction conditions was developed using the power-law approach. Agreement between the experimental data and the kinetic model is good. The kinetic expressions were used to gain insights into the optimum process conditions for the conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid in continuous-reactor configu.
Kekulé structure enumeration yields unique SMILES

A standard representation of molecules is based on graphs where atoms correspond to vertices and covalent bonds are represented by a number of edges according to the bond order. This depiction reaches its limitations for aromatic molecules where the aromatic ring can be encoded by different bond order layouts, i.e. Kekulé structures, since electrons are shared within the ring rather than fixed to a specific bond. Thus, several Kekulé structures are possible for aromatic molecules. Here, we propose a new constraint programming based approach to enumerate all Kekulé structures for a given molecule. Furthermore, the ambiguity information derived is used to enable a unique Kekulé-based SMILES encoding of the molecule independent of any aromaticity detection algorithm. This is of importance, since there is no generally accepted aromaticity definition available that covers all cases.
On speed stability

Distributed energy resources, such as wind turbine generators, often employ induction generators. When such a generator is subjected to a nearby fault, its rotor may accelerate and reach high steady-state speed far from that corresponding to the frequency of the system. This is the generator counterpart to induction motor stalling, which is classified as voltage stability. The phenomenon is a matter of stability, but it is not covered by current definitions of power system stability. We denote this type of stability as speed stability and propose a definition, which also includes induction motor stalling.
Implementation of cerebral microdialysis at a community-based hospital: A 5-year retrospective analysis

Background: Cerebral microdialysis (MD) provides valuable information about brain metabolism under normal and pathologic conditions. The CMA 600 microdialysis analyzer received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for clinical use in the United States in 2005. Since then, cerebral MD has been increasingly utilized nationally in the multimodal monitoring of traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and brain tumors. We describe a 5-year, single-institutional experience using cerebral MD at a community-based hospital, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center (LEMC). Implications for the adoption and utility of MD in medical centers with limited resources are discussed. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review and data analysis of 174 consecutive patients who had cerebral MD as part of multimodal brain monitoring. All cerebral MD catheters were placed by board-certified, attending neurosurgeons at LEMC. Clinical severity in the TBI patients was reported using initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS); radiologic severity was graded with the Marshall CT grading scale. Measures of the risks of MD placement included post-placement hemorrhage, cerebral infection, and dislodgement. Results: Between July 2005 and July 2010, 248 cerebral MD catheters were placed in 174 patients undergoing multimodal brain monitoring. One hundred and eighty-five catheters were placed at the time of open craniotomy. None were associated with cranial infection. Patients ranged in age from 5 months to 90 years, with a mean of 49 years. The male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The underlying pathologies were: TBI (126), cerebral vascular accident (24), aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (17), and tumor (7). Conclusions: Cerebral MD was readily implemented in a community-based hospital. No cerebral hemorrhages or infections were attributed to cerebral MD. Examples of how MD may be a useful adjunct in the clinical decision making of patients with brain injuries are presented.
Disaster-Driven Evacuation and Medication Loss: a Systematic Literature Review

AIM: The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify the extent and implications of medication loss and the burden of prescription refill on medical relief teams following extreme weather events and other natural hazards. METHOD: The search strategy followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Key health journal databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care, and Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC)) were searched via the OvidSP search engine. Search terms were identified by consulting MeSH terms. The inclusion criteria comprised articles published from January 2003 to August 2013, written in English and containing an abstract. The exclusion criteria included abstracts for conferences or dissertations, book chapters and articles written in a language other than English. A total of 70 articles which fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. RESULTS: All relevant information was collated regarding medication loss, prescription loss and refills, and medical aids loss which indicated a significant burden on the medical relief teams. Data also showed the difficulty in filling prescriptions due to lack of information from the evacuees. People with chronic conditions are most at risk when their medication is not available. This systematic review also showed that medical aids such as eye glasses, hearing aids as well as dental treatment are a high necessity among evacuees. DISCUSSION: This systematic review revealed that a considerable number of patients lose their medication during evacuation, many lose essential medical aids such as insulin pens and many do not bring prescriptions with them when evacuated. Since medication loss is partly a responsibility of evacuees, understanding the impact of medication loss may lead to raising awareness and better preparations among the patients and health care professionals. People who are not prepared could have worse outcomes and many risk dying when their medication is not available.
Human Capital in the Innovative Conditions

The relevance of the questions dealing with the human capital formation and functioning peculiarities in the innovative development conditions is provided by the fact that highly developed post-industrial economy, manufacturing and service sector cannot do without highly educated and skilled workers, that makes dependable the efficiency and competitiveness at the company level and the whole national economy. The goal of the article lies in certain development within specific provisions in the economic science, which explain the human capital functioning and enhancing its role in the innovative development conditions. The leading approach to study this problem is the structure-functional analysis of the human role in advanced manufacturing and the innovation development when the human capacity to work transformed into capital, increasing the level of education and the formation on this new production relations basis in a modern knowledge economy. Results: the article puts forward the theoretical and methodological concepts dealing with the decisive role of human capital in modern knowledge economy, which is defined the qualitatively new productive forces composition, the science and education transformation in the main factors of efficiency, growth, intelligence, innovation production and management. The article can be useful in a problem-solving process one of the priority tasks in the Russian society – the human capital preservation and development and our country competitiveness in the innovative development conditions.
A CD117 and CD34 immunoreactive sarcoma masquerading as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor: diagnostic pitfalls of ancillary studies in sarcoma.

BACKGROUND The immunohistochemical hallmarks of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are positivity for CD117 (c-kit) and CD34; however, CD117 is not specific for GISTs, and the list of CD117+ tumors/tissues is increasing. Also, MDM2 is known to be amplified in several types of mesenchymal tumors, including liposarcoma. METHODS We report a spindle cell sarcoma arising in the mediastinum that morphologically and immunohistochemically mimicked GIST to illustrate the potential diagnostic pitfalls of ancillary studies in sarcoma and their appropriate use in conjunction with clinical content. Clinical information was obtained from electronic medical databases. Cytological, histological, and ancillary studies were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Anatomic Pathology at Moffitt Cancer Center. Literature of the last 20 years was reviewed. The role of biomarkers and their molecular testing in the prognosis and prediction of GIST is also discussed. RESULTS A 75-year-old woman with a history of well-differentiated liposarcoma of the trunk/inguinal canal 5 years earlier developed a 5.5-cm heterogeneously enhancing mediastinal mass by computed tomography. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed spindle cells with moderate pleomorphism and immunohistochemically reactive to CD117 and CD34 suggestive of GIST, but the clinical picture was unusual for GIST. Mutational analyses for KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) were negative; DOG1 was not immunoactive, and this was believed to rule out GIST. An additional study of MDM2 by fluorescent in situ hybridization was positive, suggesting that this tumor was a dedifferentiated liposarcoma vs a spindle cell sarcoma not otherwise specified. CONCLUSIONS CD117+/CD34+ sarcoma is not diagnostic for GIST. KIT and PDGFRα mutational analyses are important in confirming a diagnosis of GIST and predicting its response to imatinib therapy. MDM2+ sarcoma is not diagnostic for liposarcoma. Although MDM2 is almost always positive in well-differentiated liposarcoma, which is useful in differentiating benign from atypical/well-differentiated lipomatous tumor, it should not be used in differentiating liposarcoma from other sarcomas.
Isocortical Pathology in Type C Niemann‐Pick Disease: A Combined Golgi‐Pigmentoarchitectonic Study

A case of Niemann-Pick disease was examined with Golgi preparations and a transparent Golgi impregnation counterstained for intraneuronal pigment deposits. There was a specific type of storage of unmetabolized substrate restricted to certain nerve cell types. The most conspicuous changes in the isocortex were: 1) dilated axonal segments in layer IIIab pyramidal cells filled with storage material; the volume of these axonal expansions often exceeded that of the soma; 2) distension of layer IIIc, layer V, and layer VIa pyramidal cell perikarya with storage material; 3) new formation, elongation, and vertical orientation of basal dendrites in layer V pyramidal cells; 4) well-preserved pyramidal cells almost devoid of storage material and generally small in size were frequently found in layers II and IV, and to a lesser extent in layers III, V, and VI; 5) severe numerical reduction of small pigment-laden stellate cells in layers II and III; and 6) reduction of stellate cells devoid of lipofuscin pigment. These cells only occasionally contained small amounts of storage material.
Hypnotics and driving safety: meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials applying the on-the-road driving test.

BACKGROUND Many people who use hypnotics are outpatients and are likely to drive a car the day after drug intake. The purpose of these meta-analyses was to determine whether or not this is safe. METHODS Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trials were selected if using the on-the-road driving test to determine driving ability the day following one or two nights of treatment administration. Primary outcome measure of the driving test was the Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP); i.e., the weaving of the car. Fixed effects model meta-analyses were performed. Effect size (ES) was computed using mean standardized (weighted) difference scores between treatment and corresponding placebo SDLP values. RESULTS Ten studies, published from 1984 to 2002 (207 subjects), were included in the meta-analyses. The morning following bedtime administration, i.e. 10-11 hours after dosing, significant driving impairment was found for the recommended dose of various benzodiazepine hypnotics (ES=0.42; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=0.14 to 0.71). Twice the recommended dose impaired driving both in the morning (ES=0.68; CI=0.39 to 0.97) and afternoon, i.e. 16-17 hours after dosing (ES=0.57; CI=0.26 to 0.88). Zopiclone 7.5 mg also impaired driving in the morning (ES=0.89; CI=0.54 to 1.23). Zaleplon (10 and 20 mg) and zolpidem (10 mg) did not affect driving performance the morning after dosing. Following middle-of-the-night administration, significantly impaired driving performance was found for zopiclone 7.5 mg (ES=1.51, CI=0.85 to 2.17), zolpidem 10 mg (ES=0.66, CI=0.13 to 1.19) and zolpidem 20 mg (ES=1.16, CI=0.60 to 1.72). Zaleplon (10 and 20 mg) did not affect driving performance. CONCLUSIONS The analyses show that driving a car the morning following nocturnal treatment with benzodiazepines and zopiclone is unsafe, whereas the recommended dose of zolpidem (10 mg) and zaleplon (10 mg) do not affect driving ability.
국내진출 외국기업의 연구개발 현황 및 대응방안(Survey for R&D activities of foreign firms in Korea)

김기국; 임덕순; 이명진; 홍성범. December, 2000. 국내진출 외국기업의 연구개발 현황 및 대응방안(Survey for R&D activities of foreign firms in Korea),Report,서울과학기술정책연구원,정책연구/00-12,173
Validation of treatment efficacy of a computer-assisted program for breast cancer patients receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

AIM To validate the clinical value of a computer assisted program (CAP), (visit website; http://xinenhuang.blog.sohu.com for details) for breast cancer patients who receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer after mastectomy who received postoperative chemotherapy in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute were recruited in this study. All eligible patients are divided into three groups: group A, regimen of practical chemotherapy consistent with CAP prediction; group B, partly consistent with CAP prediction; group C, inconsistent with CAP prediction. Overall survival (OS) was compared among groups A, B and C to determine the efficacy of CAP. RESULTS From November 1992 to July 2007, 310 female breast cancer patients were recruited into this study, with 112, 106 and 89, respectively, in groups A, B, and C. Prognosis of group A was better than both group B and C, with significantly different survival curves between group A and B (p=0.0004) and group A and C (p=0.0046). CONCLUSION Validation showed our CAP to provide clinically valuable information on adjuvant chemotherapy for postoperative breast cancer patients.
A REVIEW ON TEXT MINING IN DATA MINING

Data mining is the knowledge discovery in databases and the gaol is to extract patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data. The important term in data mining is text mining. Text mining extracts the quality information highly from text. Statistical pattern learning is used to high quality information. High –quality in text mining defines the combinations of relevance, novelty and interestingness. Tasks in text mining are text categorization, text clustering, entity extraction and sentiment analysis. Applications of natural language processing and analytical methods are highly preferred to turn text into data for analysis. This survey is about the various techniques and algorithms used in text mining.
Hierarchies and Holdings: Implications of SME Entrepreneurship for Enhanced HRM in Hospital Management

This chapter proposes that key features of New Public Management (NPM) in complex public service organisations, such as teaching hospitals, are less new than a reversal to Weberian hierarchy, Fordist concern with throughput rather than quality, Taylorist standardised performance criteria, and Foucauldian surveillance. While this judgement is severe, it illustrates that such management models combined with market or quasi-market criteria have been dysfunctional in the UK in near trebling administrative costs, demotivating health professionals, and in the view of their professional associations, risk destroying the principles of a national health service. It proposes that those concerned to counter this could draw on more plural modes of management in public sector institutions such as holding companies as a model for reforms in hospital organisation, which could enable a degree of relative autonomy for individual services and units similar to that typical of smallto medium-sized firms. It distinguishes organisational logic as the basis for economic efficiency from operational logic as the basis for social efficiency in terms of psychological wellbeing of both health professionals and patients. It submits that doctors as managers of staff in different services and units need relative autonomy for effective implementation of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices at operational levels to be able to enhance purposeful engagement and vocational commitment to health as public service as well to enable psychological contracting into change. Informed by a case study within a socio-cognitive approach in a major European teaching hospital, it then draws implications concerning the merits of a holding company model for hospital organisation. Teresa Carla Oliveira University of Coimbra, Portugal Stuart Holland University of Coimbra, Portugal João Fontes da Costa Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Portugal Francisco Edinaldo Lira de Carvalho University of Coimbra, Portugal
Prolongation of allograft survival by administration of mAb specific for the three subunits of IL-2 receptor.

The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) gamma chain, the so-called common gamma (gamma(c)) chain, which is shared with multiple cytokine receptors, plays important roles in the immune system. Here we assessed the immunosuppressive ability of mAb specific for the gamma(c) chain in induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and allograft rejection in combination with mAb specific for the alpha and beta chains of IL-2R. CBA/N (H-2k) mice were injected i.p. with allogeneic splenocytes from BALB/c (H-2d) mice, and then administered with combinations of anti-IL-2R alpha, anti-IL-2R beta and anti-gamma(c) mAb or a control mAb. Addition of anti-gamma(c) mAb together with anti-IL-2R alpha and anti-IL-2R beta mAb induced a complete inhibition of CTL response. The numbers and populations of CD4+ CD8- and CD4- CD8+ T cells were not significantly affected by administration of the three anti-IL-2R mAb, whereas NK cells were completely depleted in spleens of mice treated with the anti-IL-2R mAb. Furthermore, skin allograft survival was also significantly prolonged by administration of the three anti-IL-2R mAb. These results suggest that the anti-gamma(c) mAb in combination with anti-IL-2R alpha and anti-IL-2R beta mAb is capable of suppressing induction of CTL and NK cells, resulting in prolongation of skin allograft survival.
Correlations and Patterns of Food and Health Consumer Expenditure

Human diet and health will always be a topical issue irrespective of the times, society, economic development, etc. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the presence or absence of correlations between food consumer expenditure and health goods and services consumer expenditure. Over three-quarters of the correlations between the consumer expenditure categories and subcategories are statistically significant and approximately a half of them underscore a moderate intensity. The patterns of the relationship between food consumer expenditure and health goods and services consumer expenditure for the same countries are identified. Twenty patterns which contain country groups are pointed out for the ten connections among consumer expenditure categories. The correlation between high food consumer expenditure and the high weight of people who are suffering from specific diseases is emphasized.