Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expected shifts in Fusarium species’ composition on cereal grain in Northern Europe due to climatic change

In Northern Europe, changes in climate may result in better growing conditions for many crops. However, the expected warmer and more humid conditions are favourable for Fusarium head blight infections on cereals. The Fusarium species prevalent in Nordic areas to date are the same as in Central Europe: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae. The prevalence of F. graminearum in cereal grain has already increased in Central Europe and is likely to increase in the North due to the expected changes in weather conditions, reduced tillage and the predicted increase in maize cultivation in Nordic countries. The possible weather extremes predispose cereals to Fusarium infections by increasing the populations of insect pests injuring plants. Adverse conditions may even create conditions suitable for F. subglutinans or F. verticilloides to infect maize and possibly other cereals in rotation in southern parts of Scandinavia. The importance of the species that infect in relatively dry conditions, F. langsethiae and F. poae, may also increase on winter cereals which are predicted to be more prevalent in future farming. If the number of crop species cultivated will increase and non-cereal crops are included in rotations effects of reduced tillage on Fusarium infections in grain could be limited. The predicted changes in climate towards 2050 are expected to slightly change Fusarium species composition in Northern Europe. An increase in F. graminearum and possibly the invasion of northern parts of Central Europe and Denmark by fumonisin producers is expected.
Cigarette Smoke Activates Human Monocytes by an Oxidant-AP-1 Signaling Pathway: Implications for Steroid Resistance

Smoking cigarettes is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Moreover, smoking-induced pathophysiology is often resistant to the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. The nature of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation is still not defined, although neutrophil recruitment and activation seem to be consistent features. In the current study, we have used a range of approaches to demonstrate that cigarette smoke activates human monocytes and macrophages to release the CXC chemokine CXCL8 [(interleukin-8 (IL-8)]. Furthermore, we show for the first time that cigarette smoke synergizes with proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, and it is this interaction that confers steroid resistance to smoke-induced CXCL8 release. We go on to show that smoke-induced activation of human cells is an oxidant-mediated phenomenon acting through activator protein-1, but not nuclear factor κB, pathway. These observations add significantly to our understanding of smoke as an inflammatory stimulus that has implications for potential the development of treatments of smoking or related disease.
Motion monitor to measure progress of rehabilitation in people with conditions motor hand

This article describes the development of a system for the movements of the fingers of parameterization in people with motor impairment from capture of deviation, which is joint metacarpal which unite the angles of metacarpophalangeal flexion-extension, proximal, medial and distal, and force sensors located in each of the phalanges of the fingers. This capture is fed back to the reading which is made with the Leap Motion device by a web application developed in JavaScript. The whole set of elements is integrated in a glove that holding the sensors and conforms to the shape of the hand; movement of the monitor platform is developed on the processing IDE, which allows viewing angles and the average force exerted identifies the progress of the patient.
Anticoagulant Activity of β2-Glycoprotein I Is Potentiated by a Distinct Subgroup of Anticardiolipin Antibodies

Summary Plasmas of 16 patients positive for both IgG anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibodies were subjected to adsorption with liposomes containing cardiolipin. In 5 of these plasmas both the anticardiolipin and the anticoagulant activities were co-sedimented with the liposomes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas in the remaining cases only the anticardiolipin activity could be removed by the liposomes, leaving the anticoagulant activity (LA) in the supernatant plasma. aCL antibodies purified from the first 5 plasmas were defined as aCL-type A, while the term aCL-type B was used for antibodies in the other 11 plasmas, from which 2 were selected for this study. Prolongation of the dRVVT was produced by affinity-purified aCL-type A antibodies in plasma of human as well as animal (bovine, rat and goat) origin. aCL-type B antibodies were found to be devoid of anticoagulant activity, while the corresponding supernatants containing LA IgG produced prolongation of the dRVVT only in human plasma. These anticoagulant activities of aCL-type A and of LA IgG's were subsequently evaluated in human plasma depleted of β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI), a protein which was previously shown to be essential in the binding of aCL antibodies to anionic phospholipids. Prolongation of the dRVVT by aCL-type A antibodies was abolished using β2-GPI deficient plasma, but could be restored upon addition of β2-GPI. In contrast, LA IgG caused prolongation of the dRVVT irrespective of the presence or absence of β2-GPI. Since β2-GPI binds to negatively-charged phospholipids and impedes the conversion of prothrombin by the factor Xa/Va enzyme complex (Nimpf et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 884: 142–9), comparison was made of the effect of aCL-type A and aCL-type B antibodies on the rate of thrombin formation in the presence and absence of β2-GPI. This was measured in a system containing highly purified coagulation factors Xa, Va and prothrombin and lipid vesicles composed of 20 mole% phosphatidylserine and 80 mole% phosphatidylcholine. No inhibition on the rate of thrombin formation was observed with both types of aCL antibodies when either β2-GPI or the lipid vesicles were omitted. Addition of β2-GPI to the prothrombinase assay in the presence of lipid vesicles causes a time-dependent inhibition which was not affected by the presence of aCL-type B or non-specific IgG. In contrast, the presence of aCL-type A antibodies dramatically increased the anticoagulant effect of β2-GPI. These data indicate that the anticoagulant activity of aCL-type A antibodies in plasma is mediated by β2-GPI.
Bacterial Uropathogens And Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern At Dessie Regional Health Laboratory

Accepted 9th March, 2017 Abstract Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered by clinicians in developing countries which can involve the urethra, bladder, and kidney. UTI affects all age groups, but women are more susceptible than men. Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased worldwide. Knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in specific geographical locations is an important factor for choosing an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the type and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial urinary pathogens isolated from patients referred to Dessie Regional Health Research Laboratory from September 2013 to August 2014. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted and urine samples were collected using the mid-stream "clean catch" method from 156 clinically-suspected cases of urinary tract infections and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. From 156 urine specimens, bacterial isolates were found in 49 (31.4%). The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (55.1%), Klebsiella spp. (16.3%), Proteus spp. (12. %) P. aeruginosa (4.1%) S. aureus (6.1%), Enterococcus spp. (4.1%) and Citrobacter spp. (2.0%). All isolates in the study showed high rate of resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, penicillin, vancomycin, cloxacillin and amoxicillin (>72.9%) however, the majority of bacterial isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin, and norfloxacin. In this study E. coli was the most prominent bacterial isolates with increased prevalence in adult, female and married patients particularly. History of catheterization was significant risk factors for UTI. The present study also showed a high incidence of resistance to most antimicrobial agents tested. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted for providing knowledge to physicians on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs.
A Study on Algorithm Fusion for Recognition and Tracking of Moving Robot

— This paper presents an algorithm for the recognition and tracking of moving objects, 1/10 scale model car is used to verify performance of the algorithm. Presented algorithm for the recognition and tracking of moving objects in the paper is as follows. SURF algorithm is merged with Lucas-Kanade algorithm. SURF algorithm has strong performance on contrast, size, rotation changes and it recognizes objects but it is slow due to many computational complexities. Processing speed of Lucas-Kanade algorithm is fast but the recognition of objects is impossible. Its optical flow compares the previous and current frames so that can track the movement of a pixel. The fusion algorithm is created in order to solve problems which occurred using the Kalman Filter to estimate the position and the accumulated error compensation algorithm was implemented. Kalman filter is used to create presented algorithm to complement problems that is occurred when fusion two algorithms. Kalman filter is used to estimate next location, compensate for the accumulated error. The resolution of the camera (Vision Sensor) is fixed to be 640x480. To verify the performance of the fusion algorithm, test is compared to SURF algorithm under three situations, driving straight, curve, and recognizing cars behind the obstacles. Situation similar to the actual is possible using a model vehicle. Proposed fusion algorithm showed superior performance and accuracy than the existing object recognition and tracking algorithms. We will improve the performance of the algorithm, so that you can experiment with the images of the actual road environment.
Treatment of Burkitt's/Burkitt-like lymphoma in adolescents and adults: a 20-year experience from the Norwegian Radium Hospital with the use of three successive regimens.

BACKGROUND Burkitt's/Burkitt-like lymphoma (BL/BLL) are highly aggressive lymphomas mainly affecting children and young adults. We report the results in adolescent and adult patients with the use of three successive regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-nine patients aged 15-70 years admitted to the Norwegian Radium Hospital in the period 1982-2001 with a diagnosis of BL/BLL on histological review and who were given chemotherapy with curative intent are included in this analysis. Up to 1987 patients were given doxorubicin-based chemotherapy supplemented with intravenous and intrathecal methotrexate (MmCHOP). From 1987 to 1994, patients who obtained complete remission upon this regimen were consolidated with high-dose therapy with stem-cell support (MmCHOP + HDT). In 1995 we introduced as frontline therapy the German Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM) regimen. RESULTS By intention to treat analyses, the progression-free survival rates for patients who received MmCHOP (n=13), MmCHOP + HDT (n=17) or BFM therapy (n=19) are 30.8%, 70.6% and 73.7%, respectively. In the groups of patients who received either the BFM regimen or MmCHOP + HDT, all patients who obtained complete remission upon induction therapy are continuously disease free. There was no treatment-related death. CONCLUSIONS BL/BLL in adolescents and adults can successfully be treated with 5-day blocks of intensified chemotherapy such as the BFM regimen or CHOP/methotrexate-based chemotherapy consolidated with high-dose therapy. Using the BFM regimen, continuous remissions are obtained without additional myeloablative chemotherapy.
Factor Structure and Reliability of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales in a Large Portuguese Community Sample

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) in a large Portuguese community sample. Participants were 1020 adults (585 women and 435 men), with a mean age of 36.74 (SD = 11.90) years. All scales revealed good reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values between . 80 (anxiety) and . 84 (depression). The internal consistency of the total score was . 92. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the best-fitting model (*CFI = .940, *RMSEA = .038) consisted of a latent component of general psychological distress (or negative affectivity) plus orthogonal depression, anxiety and stress factors. The Portuguese version of the DASS-21 showed good psychometric properties (factorial validity and reliability) and thus can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.
Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological correlates.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with a considerable proportion of strokes and head injuries. The mechanism of brain cell injury associated with hemorrhage may be different from that due to pure ischemia. Therefore, it is essential that models of intracerebral hemorrhage be developed and well characterized. The purpose of this study was to obtain high-field MR images of rat brain at progressive times after induction of intracerebral hemorrhage and to correlate the images with behavior and histological evolution. METHODS Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced in rats by injection of bacterial collagenase and heparin into the caudate nucleus. Histopathological changes and corresponding MR images were studied from 30 minutes to 3 weeks after injection. Behavioral changes were also followed for 3 weeks. RESULTS Histological correlation showed that MR is capable of resolving the accumulation and degeneration of the hematoma, a centripetal wave of neutrophils infiltrating from the surrounding tissue beginning at 12 hours, and centripetal invasion of macrophages beginning at 48 hours. Widespread white matter edema was clearly evident on MR images for 1 week after the hemorrhage. Medium-sized striatal neurons were lost in the tissue surrounding the hematoma. Behavioral improvement was rapid during resolution of the edema but incomplete at 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS MR images correlate very well with histological changes in this experimental model of intracerebral hemorrhage and can therefore be used to follow changes due to drug treatments in vivo. The intense neutrophilic response to this lesion may contribute to neuronal injury at the periphery of the hematoma.
Mechanisms of temporary adhesion in benthic animals

Adhesive systems are ubiquitous in benthic animals and play a key role in diverse functions such as locomotion, food capture, mating, burrow building, and defence. For benthic animals that release adhesives, surface and material properties and external morphology have received little attention compared to the biochemical content of the adhesives. We address temporary adhesion of benthic animals from the following three structural levels: (a) the biochemical content of the adhesive secretions, (b) the micro‐ and mesoscopic surface geometry and material properties of the adhesive organs, and (c) the macroscopic external morphology of the adhesive organs. We show that temporary adhesion of benthic animals is affected by three structural levels: the adhesive secretions provide binding to the substratum at a molecular scale, whereas surface geometry and external morphology increase the contact area with the irregular and unpredictable profile of the substratum from micro‐ to macroscales. The biochemical content of the adhesive secretions differs between abiotic and biotic substrata. The biochemistry of the adhesives suitable for biotic substrata differentiates further according to whether adhesion must be activated quickly (e.g. as a defensive mechanism) or more slowly (e.g. during adhesion of parasites). De‐adhesion is controlled by additional secretions, enzymes, or mechanically. Due to deformability, the adhesive organs achieve intimate contact by adapting their surface profile to the roughness of the substratum. Surface projections, namely cilia, cuticular villi, papillae, and papulae increase the contact area or penetrate through the secreted adhesive to provide direct contact with the substratum. We expect that the same three structural levels investigated here will also affect the performance of artificial adhesive systems.
Future internet issues from the perspective of a generic network model

This paper analyzes Future Internet issues from the perspective of a generic network model. The generic network model is developed by identifying the essential objects and bindings for data communication. Based on this model, this paper identifies the problems of the current Internet and develops some requirements for Future Internet architecture design. Also this paper shows how the generic model can be used to address recent network issues.
Advances in Neuroprotective Strategies: Potential Therapies for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with higher mortality and morbidity than any other form of stroke. However, there currently are no treatments proven to improve outcomes after ICH, and therefore, new effective therapies are urgently needed. Growing insight into ICH pathophysiology has led to the development of neuroprotective strategies that aim to improve the outcome through reduction of secondary pathologic processes. Many neuroprotectants target molecules or pathways involved in hematoma degradation, inflammation or apoptosis, and have demonstrated potential clinical benefits in experimental settings. We extensively reviewed the current understanding of ICH pathophysiology as well as promising experimental neuroprotective agents with particular focus on their mechanisms of action. Continued advances in ICH knowledge, increased understanding of neuroprotective mechanisms, and improvement in the ability to modulate molecular and pathologic events with multitargeting agents will lead to successful clinical trials and bench-to-bedside translation of neuroprotective strategies.
Source reconstruction from near field scan data of stripline structures

Inverse problems have always been a major subject in engineering science. There are still no standard solution algorithms working reliably without adding considerable amount of expert knowledge. This class of problems is often described by integral equations. These equations can be interpreted as a convolution of a source with the pulse response of a linear time invariant system. This suggests that it is possible to solve them in spectral domain. As reconstructing the sources of a near field scan data constitutes an inverse problem, the aim of this paper is to show an algorithm to determine an approximate solution. This involves the usage of the spatial Fourier transform and the corresponding impulse response functions in spectral domain.
Measurement of Brain Development in the First Two Years of Life

Introduction: Major brain development occurs in the early years. With rapid development of MR imaging and processing techniques, the quantitative volumetric analysis of human brain in early ages becomes possible. For achieving precise longitudinal measurement of global and local brain development, it requires not only the appropriate design of longitudinal data acquisition protocol, but also the suitable segmentation and registration methods for extracting brain tissues and further matching brain structures across different times. In this study, MR images were collected three times within the first two years of life for each subject, and a set of advanced tissue segmentation and longitudinal image registration algorithms were integrated for studying structure changes in the developing brains.
Silicon photonic microcavities for optical switching

The prospect of silicon photonics is particularly promising: the fabrication is mostly compatible with standard CMOS technology and it will offer tremendous advantages over traditional optical communication solutions with respect to size, cost and power. There has been a significant activity in the development of photonic circuits having a density approaching that of modern electronic circuits for future chip-to-chip or on-chip optical interconnects. Therefore, an ultrasmall footprint of integrated optical components is of pivotal importance.
Features of photonic beamformer model based on DWDM approach and fiber dispersion

The main features of the photonic true time delay beamformer model for phased array antenna in the receive mode are investigated and experimentally tested. The performance characteristics of the key components of photonic beamformer based on DWDM technology and fiber chromatic dispersion are examined and specified. A five channel beamformer prototype is built using the components available on the market of fiber-optic analog communication links and tentatively investigated. 5-element microwave linear array antenna far-field patterns in 6–18 GHz frequency range have been measured which demonstrated the designed model beamforming features for antenna pattern shifted up to 40°. The results of experimental testing agree with the calculated estimates.
Energy applications of ionic liquids

Ionic liquids offer a unique suite of properties that make them important candidates for a number of energy related applications. Cation–anion combinations that exhibit low volatility coupled with high electrochemical and thermal stability, as well as ionic conductivity, create the possibility of designing ideal electrolytes for batteries, super-capacitors, actuators, dye sensitised solar cells and thermo-electrochemical cells. In the field of water splitting to produce hydrogen they have been used to synthesize some of the best performing water oxidation catalysts and some members of the protic ionic liquid family co-catalyse an unusual, very high energy efficiency water oxidation process. As fuel cell electrolytes, the high proton conductivity of some of the protic ionic liquid family offers the potential of fuel cells operating in the optimum temperature region above 100 °C. Beyond electrochemical applications, the low vapour pressure of these liquids, along with their ability to offer tuneable functionality, also makes them ideal as CO2 absorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture. Similarly, the tuneable phase properties of the many members of this large family of salts are also allowing the creation of phase-change thermal energy storage materials having melting points tuned to the application. This perspective article provides an overview of these developing energy related applications of ionic liquids and offers some thoughts on the emerging challenges and opportunities.