Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Smoother for Attitude and Position Estimation Using Inertial Sensors With Zero Velocity Intervals

This paper is concerned with attitude and position estimation of movement, which is between two zero velocity intervals. The proposed method is suitable for analysis of movement for a short moving interval. Using two boundary information (zero velocity interval), attitude is estimated by an attitude smoother. Using the smoothed attitude, velocity is estimated by a velocity smoother. The position is computed by integrating the velocity estimate. Through numerical examples, the proposed method is shown to be less sensitive to the uncalibrated sensor parameters and sensor noises, which are main sources of estimation errors.
Metástasis cervicales del carcinoma epidermoide de maxilar superior: comparación con el carcinoma de lengua y evaluación del pronóstico

La mayoria de los tumores de la cavidad oral son carcinomas epidermoides y afectan fundamentalmente a dos localizaciones: lengua y suelo de boca. Los tumores de la lengua y el suelo de boca tienen propension a metastatizar en los ganglios linfaticos del cuello incluso en estadios tempranos. Los tumores malignos del reborde alveolar del maxilar superior y paladar son raros. Constituyen un 3% de los tumores de cavidad oral y solo la mitad de ellos son carcinomas epidermoides. A finales del siglo XX se consideraba que este tipo de tumores tenian un potencial de diseminacion regional bajo. En las ultimas dos decadas han surgido estudios que sugieren lo contrario. En general, cuando detectamos metastasis cervicales debemos tratarlas, siendo el tratamiento estandar la cirugia de vaciamiento cervical radical o radical modificado. Decidir cuando tratar profilacticamente el cuello es un tema controvertido. Los trabajos de Weiss y Pittman establecieron el limite en un 15-20% de posibilidades de desarrollar diseminacion linfatica cervical para recomendar tratar un cuello inicialmente negativo.
Derivation of Classes from Use Cases Automatically Generated by a Three-Level Sentence Processing Algorithm

Identification of classes from a requirements specification is one of the most important and difficult tasks during analysis and design of new object- oriented systems. Recent developments in CASE tool research have begun incorporating quite sophisticated natural language processing techniques to help generate class diagrams; however, considerable problems remain in the form of overlooked and/or excess classes. The difficulty stems largely from inherent ambiguity in written language; and a general lack of conciseness and completeness in requirements specifications. We argue that a more effective approach is to obtain classes from use cases, rather than directly from the specification. Our justification is that use cases describe specific functionalities of the system, and therefore the candidate objects involved in effecting those functionalities. To that end, we propose an algorithm to i) extract use case sentences from requirements, ii) validate functional specifications in each sentence of the use cases so that classes can be identified, and iii) reuse previously validated, domain- dependent use cases to supply missing functional specifications that may contain participating classes. Thereafter, classes are automatically obtained from these generated use cases. Problems arising from ambiguity in the written requirements are mitigated by imposing a small number of restrictions on the language that can be used for writing requirements, and the sentence structure of use cases is formalized.
Fabrication and Characterization of an Enhancement-Mode Planar Resonant Tunneling Transistor

We report the fabrication and characterization of a planar resonant tunneling transistor (PRTT) using a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure wafer. Our PRTT operates as an enhancement-mode device, and shows the negative differential resistance (NDR) modulated with the gate bias in an extremely wide range (from the fully depleted dot to the dot in a single-electron transistor regime). This NDR spectrum represents a full, gate-bias-modulated evolution of the 0-D states in a quantum dot. Our data are also consistent with the ground (E 1) and the first excited state (E 2) of the Fock-Darwin states.
Central projections of auditory nerve fibers in the barn owl

The central projections of the auditory nerve were examined in the barn owl. Each auditory nerve fiber enters the brain and divides to terminate in both the cochlear nucleus angularis and the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis. This division parallels a functional division into intensity and time coding in the auditory system. The lateral branch of the auditory nerve innervates the nucleus angularis and gives rise to a major and a minor terminal field. The terminals range in size and shape from small boutons to large irregular boutons with thorn‐like appendages. The medial branch of the auditory nerve conveys phase information to the cells of the nucleus magnocellularis via large axosomatic endings or end bulbs of Held. Each medial branch divides to form 3–6 end bulbs along the rostrocaudal orientation of a single tonotopic band, and each magnocellular neuron receives 1–4 end bulbs. The end bulb envelops the postsynaptic cell body and forms large numbers of synapses. The auditory nerve profiles contain round clear vesicles and form punctate asymmetric synapses on both somatic spines and the cell body.
A transdimensional Bayesian method to infer the star formation history of resolved stellar populations

We propose a new method to infer the star formation histories of resolved stellar populations. With photometry one may plot observed stars on a colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) and then compare with synthetic CMDs representing different star formation histories. This has been accomplished hitherto by parametrising the model star formation history as a histogram, usually with the bin widths set by fixed increases in the logarithm of time. A best fit is then found with maximum likelihood methods and we consider the different means by which a likelihood can be calculated. We then apply Bayesian methods by parametrising the star formation history as an unknown number of Gaussian bursts with unknown parameters. This parametrisation automatically provides a smooth function of time. A Reversal Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is then used to find both the most appropriate number of Gaussians, to avoid overfitting, and the posterior probability distribution of the star formation rate. We apply our method to artificial populations and to observed data. We discuss the other advantages of the method: direct comparison of different parametrisations and the ability to calculate the probability that a given star is from a given Gaussian. This allows the investigation of possible sub-populations.
Partitioning Kinetic Energy During Freewheeling Wheelchair Maneuvers

This paper describes a systematic method to partition the kinetic energy (KE) of a free-wheeling wheelchair. An ultralightweight rigid frame wheelchair was instrumented with two axle-mounted encoders and data acquisition equipment to accurately measure the velocity of the drive wheels. A mathematical model was created combining physical specifications and geometry of the wheelchair and its components. Two able-bodied subjects propelled the wheelchair over four courses that involved straight and turning maneuvers at differing speeds. The KE of the wheelchair was divided into three components: translational, rotational, and turning energy. This technique was sensitive to the changing contributions of the three energy components across maneuvers. Translational energy represented the major component of total KE in all maneuvers except a zero radius turn in which turning energy was dominant. Both translational and rotational energies are directly related to wheelchair speed. Partitioning KE offers a useful means of investigating the dynamics of a moving wheelchair. The described technique permits analysis of KE imparted to the wheelchair during maneuvers involving changes in speed and direction, which are most representative of mobility in everyday life. This technique can be used to study the effort required to maneuver different types and configurations of wheelchairs.
Distribution of St. Louis encephalitis viral antibody in sentinel chickens maintained in Sarasota County, Florida: 1978-1988.

Sentinel chicken flocks monitored arboviral transmission at 12 sites in Sarasota County, Fla. , from 1978 through 1988. During this time, 3,452 serum samples were analyzed for hemagglutination inhibition antibody to St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE) and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEE). Overall, 91 chickens seroconverted to SLE and three to EEE. The intensity of SLE transmission showed considerable year-to-year variation. Chickens from south-county flocks were more likely to seroconvert to SLE virus than chickens maintained at the north-county sites. The SLE seroconversion rate for midcounty sentinels was intermediate between north- and south-county sites. Chickens were caged in four habitat types: oak hammocks, slash pine-saw palmetto areas, pastures, and urban-residential areas. There was no significant difference in SLE seroconversion rates between habitats.
A Global Perspective on Child Sexual Abuse: Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Around the World

Our comprehensive meta-analysis combined prevalence figures of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) reported in 217 publications published between 1980 and 2008, including 331 independent samples with a total of 9,911,748 participants. The overall estimated CSA prevalence was 127/1000 in self-report studies and 4/1000 in informant studies. Self-reported CSA was more common among female (180/1000) than among male participants (76/1000). Lowest rates for both girls (113/1000) and boys (41/1000) were found in Asia, and highest rates were found for girls in Australia (215/1000) and for boys in Africa (193/1000). The results of our meta-analysis confirm that CSA is a global problem of considerable extent, but also show that methodological issues drastically influence the self-reported prevalence of CSA.
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Jamaican adults and its relationship to income and education levels.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Jamaican adults and to evaluate its association with socio-economic status (SES). METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from a cohort study of persons, 25-74 years old, living in St Catherine, Jamaica, and who were evaluated between 1993 and 2001. Participants completed an interviewer administered questionnaire and had blood pressure and anthropometric measurements performed by trained observers. Venous blood was collected for measurement of fasting glucose and lipids. The metabolic syndrome was defined using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria. Income and education were used as markers of SES. RESULTS Data from 1870 participants (717 males 1153 females) were analysed. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 21.1% (95% CI 19.2, 22.9%) using IDF criteria and 18.4% (95% CI 16.6, 20.2%) using the AHA/NHLBI criteria. Prevalence was higher among females (27.6% [IDF], 23.0% [AHA]) compared to males (10.6% [IDF], 11.0% [AHA]). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increased with age. Compared to males with primary/lower education, those with secondary and tertiary education had higher odds of having the metabolic syndrome after adjusting for age; odds ratio 3.12 (1.54, 6.34) and 2.61 (1.33, 5.11) respectively. High income was also associated with increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome among males, OR = 6.0 (2.22, 16.19) adjusting for age-group. There were no significant associations among women. CONCLUSION The metabolic syndrome is common in Jamaica. Clinicians should look for this syndrome in their patients and take steps to treat the abnormalities identified.
No association of mitochondrial DNA levels in trophectodermal cells with the developmental competence of the blastocyst and pregnancy outcomes

Study question Can mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels in trophectodermal cells of the blastocyst predict the blastocyst quality, ploidy status, implantation rate and clinical outcomes? Summary answer mtDNA levels in trophectodermal cells of the blastocyst do not associate with the blastocyst quality, ploidy status, implantation potential and clinical outcomes, but can differentiate between aneuploid and euploid blastocysts. What we already know mtDNA levels in the trophectodermal cells have been suggested to be associated with blastocyst morphology, ploidy and implantation rates, and has been proposed as biomarker to access blastocyst quality and predict clinical outcomes. However, discrepancies exist if mtDNA levels could serve as a marker for the same. Study design and duration Retrospective analysis of mtDNA levels in trophectodermal cells obtained from blastocysts undergoing preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) at Craft Hospital & Research Center, Kerala from January 2016-July 2017. Participants/materials and methods Study included data from 287 blastocyst from (61) couples who underwent PGT-A using next generation sequencing (NGS). Levels of mtDNA in trophectodermal cells of the blastocyst were estimated by the NGS. Comparison of mtDNA levels with maternal age, blastocyst morphology, ploidy status, implantation rates, miscarriage rates and live birth rate was done. Main results The levels of mtDNA in the trophectoderm of the blastocyst did not correlate with maternal age. There was no significant difference in the mtDNA levels between grade 1 and grade 2 blastocyst. Euploid blastocyst had significantly lower amounts of mtDNA levels in trophectodermal cells of the blastocyst were compared to aneuploid blastocyst. No significant differences were seen between mtDNA levels and implanting and non-implanting blastocysts or those resulted into miscarriage or live birth. Limitations The study is limited by a small sample size and hence type II error cannot be ruled out. Wider Implications The study does not support the potential use of mtDNA levels in the trophectodermal cells as biomarker for blastocyst quality and predicting clinical outcomes needs. Study funding/competing interest(s) There is no external funding for the study. There is no conflict of interest.
Emtricitabine/tenofovir in the treatment of HIV infection: current PK/PD evaluation

Introduction: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate fixed-dose combination (FTC/TDF FDC) is the co-formulation of a nucleoside and a nucleotide, respectively. After oral administration, both drugs exhibit plasma and intracellular half-lives suitable for once-daily dosing. Within the host cells, active metabolites FTC-TP and TFV-DP act as chain terminators to the newly synthesized proviral DNA, showing synergy at enzymatic level (viral reverse transcriptase). When given in HAART combinations, FTC/TDF FDC has a remarkable effectiveness in controlling HIV replication and securing a significant CD4+ cell recovery. If patients treated with FTC/TDF FDC fail, a lower incidence of TDF-associated K65R resistance mutation seems to develop. Furthermore, cytidine analog-associated M184V is less likely to appear with FTC than with lamivudine when both are given with TDF. FTC and TFV are not metabolized by CYP450 enzymes and are eliminated by the renal route. TFV may accumulate in tubular cells and cause a decrease in GFR and a loss of phosphates. As a onsequence, patients treated with FTC/TDF FCD may experience varied degrees of renal impairment and osteopenia/osteoporosis. Areas covered: This paper has focused on the PK/PD features of FTC and TDF, when given as single agent or when administered as FDC. The interpretation of efficacy/toxicity was guided by PK/PD features. The review of the available literature included also conference presentations and recent guidelines (as of May 2012). Expert opinion: FTC/TDF FDC is a potent and reliable component of most HAART combinations due to its maintained activity across time, as demonstrated in many trials and studies. Toxicity issues (kidney, bone) are still to be entirely elucidated and the drug-induced component well separated from patient- and HIV-related ones. However, the clinical gain associated with the use of FTC/TDF FDC is fully acknowledged by its leading position in most current treatment guidelines.
Vad ska bestämma arbetsorganisationens utformning

Hur ska arbetet i organisationer utformas? Fragan diskuterades livligt under senare halften av 1900-talet men forefaller i dag ha fallit i glomska. Denna artikel utgar fran ett aldre forslag fran arbetslivsforskaren Casten von Otter om att arbetsorganisationens utformning bor vila pa manniskors ratt att sjalva utforma sin arbetsorganisation. Har analyseras fragan med utgangspunkt i nagra ontologiska antaganden om manniska och organisation och ytterligare ett forslag presenteras.
Jeu sérieux et motivation des étudiants pour apprendre : influence du contexte avec Prog&Play

Cet article presente l'analyse de l'utilisation a grande echelle de Prog&Play, un jeu serieux specialement concu pour l'enseignement des fondamentaux de la programmation aux etudiants en premiere annee universitaire. L'etude s'appuie principalement sur les resultats d'une enquete sur la motivation des etudiants. Cette enquete a ete realisee aupres de 182 etudiants parmi 258 qui ont utilise le jeu serieux entre 4 et 20 heures dans sept contextes universitaires differents. Nos resultats montrent que l'interet des etudiants pour Prog&Play ne de-pend pas seulement des qualites intrinseques du jeu, mais depend aussi du contexte d'enseignement et principalement de la maniere dont les enseignants organisent les seances pour exploiter la technologie.
Problemas Específicos de la Evaluación Infantil Specific Problems in Child Assessment

luable. El nino y el adolescente son seres que se caracterizan por su continuo cambio debido a la inmadurez fisica y social que fundamenta todas sus diferencias esenciales respecto de los adultos. De todas ellas se resaltan la edad, que ordena las distintas etapas del cambio, la dependencia, que hace incluir al adulto en el proceso y la plasticidad, que pone en peligro la estabilidad de la evaluacion. En relacion con todas ellas al evaluador infantil se le presenta un nuevo problema que es la comorbilidad, mucho mas frecuente que en el adulto, y que por tanto representa un problema para el juicio diagnostico. Al hilo de todas estas dificultades se van analizando las estrategias que pueden paliar este tipo de problemas. Palabras clave: evaluacion psicologica en ninos y adolescentes, problemas relativos con la edad, dependencia, plasticidad, comorbilidad.
Design of common access channels for TDMA-TDD microcell communications systems

This paper describes a detailed design of common access channels in the down link which are constructed with two transmission frames, multi-frame and super-frame, on a dedicated control carrier frequency in TDMA-TDD systems. The co-channel interference between TDMA-TDD bursts is discussed as the first consideration in the design of multi-frame. For the super-frame design, the average connection delay in a call control sequence is evaluated for the various period of super-frame as a function of offered traffic. A method of designing the optimum common access channels transmission frames is proposed. <<ETX>>
Burden of focal cryoablation versus brachytherapy versus active surveillance in the treatment of very low-risk prostate cancer: a preliminary head-to-head comprehensive assessment.

Focal cryoablation (FC), brachytherapy (B) and active surveillance (AS) were offered to patients diagnosed with very low-risk prostate cancer (VLRPC) in an equal access protocol. Comprehensive validated self-report questionnaires accessed patients' erectile (IIEF-5) and voiding (IPSS) functions, Beck scales measured anxiety (BAI), hopelessness (BHS) and depression (BDI), SF-36 reflected patients' quality of life added to the emotional thermometers including five visual analogue scales (distress, anxiety, depression, anger and need for help). Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA tests and Spearman's correlations were obtained among groups and studied variables. Thirty patients were included, median follow-up 18 months (15-21). Those on AS (n = 11) were older, presented higher hopelessness (BHS) and lower general health perceptions (SF-36) scores than patients opting for FC (n = 10) and B (n = 9), P = 0.0014, P = 0.0268 and P = 0.0168 respectively. Patients on B had higher IPSS scores compared to those under FC and AC, P = 0.0223. For all 30 included patients, Spearman's correlation (rs ) was very strong between BHS and general health perceptions (rs = -0.800, P < 0.0001), and weak/moderate between age and BHS (rs = 0.405, P = 0.026) and age and general health perceptions (rs = -0.564, P = 0.001). The sample power was >60%. To be considered in patients' counselling and care, current study supports the hypothesis that even VLRPC when untreated undermines psychosocial domains.
[Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in osteosarcoma and its value in predicting chemosensitivity].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic values of HIF-1α, APE1, VEGF, and COX-2 protein expressions and their predictive value of tumor necrosis rate and prognosis in osteosarcoma, as well as their interrelationships. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were obtained from patients with osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemical assay was performed in pre-chemotherapy samples to determine the HIF-1α, VEGF, APE1, and COX-2 protein expression levels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used in post-operative samples to determine the tumor necrosis rate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the impact of protein expression on prognosis. RESULTS Tumor tissues were obtained from 49 patients. Their median follow up was 29 months. HIF-1α was significantly correlated to every protein we tested: VEGF (P = 0.032), APE1 (P < 0.001), and COX-2 (P < 0.001). HIF-1α protein expression had a significant impact on disease free survival (P = 0.006). Expression of HIF-1α had a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 71.9% for poor pathological response (< 90% of tumor necrosis) versus good pathological response to chemotherapy (≥ 90% necrosis). CONCLUSION Expression of HIF-1α is a predictor of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and outcome in osteosarcoma and is correlated with VEGF, APE1, and COX-2 expression.
Effects of retinoic acid and butyric acid on the expression of prestin and gata‐3 in organotypic cultures of the organ of corti of newborn rats

Prestin is the motor protein of the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti and a key factor in ensuring a high level of sensitivity of mammalian hearing. The factors that influence prestin expression are still largely unknown. We studied the effects of the application of retinoic acid, a ligand of a nuclear receptor, and of butyric acid, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase activity, on the expression of mRNA of prestin and Gata‐3 in the organotypic culture of the organ of Corti of newborn rats using RT‐PCR. Application of retinoic acid at concentrations of 1–50 μM results in a dose‐dependent expression decrease after two days in culture. Treatment with sodium butyrate (0.5–2 mM) elevated the expression of prestin and Gata‐3. Statistically significant correlations between Gata‐3 and prestin mRNA levels were observed under all conditions. The data indicate that retinoid nuclear transcription factors, GATA‐3 and histone acetylation/deacetylation processes may have a regulatory role to play in prestin expression. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 650–661, 2011