Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elección de Escuela, Movilidad y Segregación Escolar del Alumnado Vulnerable en Barcelona

Este artículo analiza la relación entre elección de escuela, movilidad y segregación escolar del alumnado socialmente desfavorecido en Barcelona. Las particularidades del modelo de zonificación escolar de la ciudad, basado en un complejo sistema de elección restringida pero que otorga un amplio número de opciones de proximidad, lo convierten en un caso único en el que observar la relaciones entre movilidad y desigualdades educativas. A partir de datos de residencia y escolarización del alumnado de educación infantil y primaria el trabajo nos muestra cómo la interacción entre segregación residencial y pautas de movilidad del alumnado es generadora de mayor segregación escolar del alumnado vulnerable, tanto de nivel socioeconómico bajo como de nacionalidad extranjera. Un análisis contrafactual que simula modelos de escolarización basados en mayor proximidad demuestra que la segregación escolar del alumnado vulnerable se reduciría hasta un 50% en escenarios de menor movilidad y mayor escolarización de proximidad. Asimismo, estos escenarios reducirían la desigualdad de escolarización entre escuelas públicas y concertadas. El artículo concluye con una reflexión sobre las implicaciones políticas del análisis.
Producción de genotipos de frijol negro en condiciones de humedad residual y sequía terminal

En Veracruz y Chiapas, el cultivo de frijol del ciclo otono-invierno, sufre periodos de sequia durante la etapa reproductiva, lo que causa bajos rendimientos. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue determinar el rendimiento de genotipos de frijol, evaluados bajo condiciones de humedad residual y de sequia terminal durante el ciclo otono-invierno de 2013-2014, en las localidades de La Candelaria, Medellin, Veracruz, Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco (CEIXTA), municipio de Martinez de la Torre, Veracruz, y Campo Experimental Centro de Chiapas (CECECH), municipio de Ocozocoautla, Chiapas. Se evaluaron 11 lineas avanzadas de frijol, comparadas con las variedades Negro Tacana y Negro Jamapa, en diseno experimental bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Las variables de respuesta fueron: dias a floracion media, dias a madurez f isiologica, peso de 100 semillas y rendimiento de grano. En la Candelaria y el CECECH, ambas con ocurrencia de sequia terminal, se obtuvieron valores signif icativamente inferiores en las cuatro variables de respuesta, con respecto a los obtenidos en el CEIXTA, sin estres por sequia. Las lineas SEN-56, SCN-2, SEN-70 y NCB-229 fueron las mas precoces en alcanzar su floracion media en las tres localidades de prueba, la cual en promedio ocurrio antes de 35 dias despues de la siembra. Las tres primeras lineas tambien mostraron menor tiempo a la madurez f isiologica, en promedio antes de los 71 dias. La linea SCN-2 obtuvo en promedio el mayor peso de 100 semillas (27 g), el cual fue signif icativamente superior a los obtenidos por el resto de los genotipos, que registraron pesos menores a 25 g. Asi mismo SEN-70, NGO-17-99 y Jamapa Plus, junto con otras cuatro lineas obtuvieron un rendimiento promedio mayor a 1000 kg ha-1, signif icativamente superior al de las variedades Negro Jamapa y Negro Tacana. SEN-70 fue la de mayor rendimiento con y sin sequia terminal.
The interplay between anion-π and H-bonding interactions in X−···s-Triazine···(HF)n(HCl)3-n (X = F−, Cl− and CN−) complexes: DFT and DFT-D study

ABSTRACT Anion-π interactions play an important role in supramolecular chemistry. The aim of this work is to explore the effect of H-bonding between s-Triazine and separated molecules (HF)n(HCl)3-n on the strength of anion-π interaction in X−–s-Triazine–(HF)n(HCl)3-n (X− = F–, Cl– and CN–) complexes. The M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) binding energies (BEs) were corrected by using B2PLYP, mPW2PLYP, M06-2X-GD3 and B2PLYP-GD3 functionals. The molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis revealed that involving multiple binding sites in s-Triazine (TA) through N···H H-bonding can enhance the MESP value over the ring centre of TA so that for H-bonding complexes containing HF is greater than those of HCl. The BE results revealed that the stability of X−–TA–(HF)n(HCl)3-n anion-π complexes in each series increases as the number of HF involved in H-bonding increases. The results showed that the complexes owning F– anion with higher interaction energies display the strong cooperativity effects in the ternary systems. B2PLYP functional showed stronger intramolecular dispersion effects than M06-2X one. Besides, a correlation was found between BE, MESP, bond distances, natural bond orbitals (NBO) and atoms in molecules (AIM) data. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Influence of climate, soil, and land cover on plant species distribution in the European Alps

Although the importance of edaphic factors and habitat structure for plant growth and survival is known, both are often neglected in favor of climatic drivers when investigating the spatial patterns of plant species and diversity. Yet, especially in mountain ecosystems with complex topography, missing edaphic and habitat components may be detrimental for a sound understanding of biodiversity distribution. Here, we compare the relative importance of climate, soil and land cover variables when predicting the distributions of 2,616 vascular plant species in the European Alps, representing approximately two-thirds of all European flora. Using presence-only data, we built point-process models (PPMs) to relate species observations to different combinations of covariates. We evaluated the PPMs through block crossvalidations and assessed the independent contributions of climate, soil, and land cover covariates to predict plant species distributions using an innovative predictive partitioning approach. We found climate to be the most influential driver of spatial patterns in plant species with a relative influence of ~58.5% across all species, with decreasing importance from low to high elevations. Soil (~20.1%) and land cover (~21.4%), overall, were less influential than climate, but increased in importance along the elevation gradient. Furthermore, land cover showed strong local effects in lowlands, while the contribution of soil stabilized at mid-elevations. The decreasing influence of climate with elevation is explained by increasing endemism, and the fact that climate becomes more homogeneous as habitat diversity declines at higher altitudes. In contrast, soil predictors were found to follow the opposite trend. Additionally, at low elevations, human-mediated land cover effects appear to reduce the importance of climate predictors. We conclude that soil and land cover are, like climate, principal drivers of plant species distribution in the European Alps. While disentangling their effects remains a challenge, future studies can benefit markedly by including soil and land cover effects when predicting species distributions.
Computational Optimization of Porous Structures for Electrochemical Processes

Porous structures are naturally involved in electrochemical processes. The specific architectures of the available porous materials, as well as their physical properties, crucially affect their applications, e.g., their use in fuel cells, batteries, or electrolysers. A key point is the correlation of transport properties (mass, heat, and charges) in the spatially—and in certain cases also temporally—distributed pore structure. In this paper, we use mathematical modeling to investigate the impact of the pore structure on the distribution of wetting and non-wetting phases in porous transport layers used in water electrolysis. We present and discuss the potential of pore network models and an upscaling strategy for the simulation of the saturation of the pore space with liquid and gas, as well as the computation of the relative permeabilities and oxygen dissolution and diffusion. It is studied how a change of structure, i.e., the spatial grading of the pore size distribution and porosity, change the transport properties. Several situations are investigated, including a vertical gradient ranging from small to large pore sizes and vice versa, as well as a dual-porosity network. The simulation results indicate that the specific porous structure has a significant impact on the spatial distribution of species and their respective relative permeabilities. In more detail, it is found that the continuous increase of pore sizes from the catalyst layer side towards the water inlet interface yields the best transport properties among the investigated pore networks. This outcome could be useful for the development of grading strategies, specifically for material optimization for improved transport kinetics in water electrolyser applications and for electrochemical processes in general.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF PERCEIVED BENEFIT AND PERCEIVED EASE ON CONSUMER INTEREST IN USING SINGLE TRIP TICKET OF MRT JAKARTA AND THE IMPACT ON BUYING DECISION

The purpose of the present study was determining the result of Analysis of the Effects of Perceived Benefit and Perceived Ease on Consumer Buying Interest in Single Trip Ticket of MRT Jakarta and the Impact on Buying Decision. The present study used descriptive research design with survey method. Sampling used purposive sampling technique. The present study was tested using structural equation modeling – Lisrel to examine the effect of significance of the entire model and preset path. The finding showed that Perceived Benefit and Perceived Ease significantly affected Consumer Buying Interest. The present study also showed that Consumer Buying Interest affected Buying Decision. The company should improve Perceived Benefit and Perceived Ease.
Targeting the Phosphatidylinositide-3 Kinase Pathway and the Mitogen-Activated-Protein Kinase Pathway through Thymosin-beta4, Exercise, and Negative Regulators to Promote Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival or Regeneration

The phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated-protein kinase (MAPK) pathways mediate cellular survival in the presence of apoptotic stimuli. These pathways are known to promote the survival of injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), central nervous system neurons that project visual information from the retina to the brain. Injury to the optic nerve triggers apoptosis of RGCs. This work demonstrates that Thymosin-β4, a peptide involved in actin sequestration, both enhances RGC survival after injury and increases axonal regeneration. Moreover, Thymosin-β4 modulates the PI3K and MAPK pathways. In addition, this study demonstrates that exercise reduces apoptosis of injured RGCs, and explores the function of the PI3K and MAPK pathways in this process. Finally, small peptides are used to interfere with the functions of PTEN, a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, as well as Erbin and BCR, negative regulators in the MAPK pathway. These peptides enhance RGC survival and axonal regeneration after injury.
The interactions of rectangular synthetic jets with a laminar cross-flow

Abstract Three-dimensional flow fields of a rectangular synthetic jet with aspect ratio of 3 and its interaction with a laminar cross-flow are measured using time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry. The synthetic-jet to free-stream velocity ratio is fixed at 1, and two orifice orientations, normal to (spanwise configuration) and aligned with (streamwise configuration) the cross-flow direction, respectively, are investigated. The flow scenarios are composed of a tilted vortex ring, a secondary trailing vortex and a tertiary near-wall vortex. Compared to previous results for circular cases, the legs of the trailing structures are found to be jointed in the spanwise direction by two shear-layer vortices at different wall-normal heights. In addition, the near-wall vortex is a crescent-shaped spanwise vortex. For the first time, as the peculiar process of non-circular vortex rings in quiescent condition, axis switching is validated to exist in the cross-flow. Associated with axis switching, the spanwise case exhibits interaction between the leeward vortex of the vortex ring and the downstream shear-layer vortex, which causes slower penetration and recovery of vortex ring tilting, but faster jet transition. Furthermore, the trailing structures and vortex ring are weakened, leading to lower peaks of the velocity deficit and overshoot in the jet region than those for the streamwise case. On the other hand, the spanwise case can induce a stronger near-wall vortex, which transfers more momentum and initial disturbance into the boundary layer. Consequently, the spanwise case yields larger velocity gradient and velocity fluctuation peak inside the boundary layer with a lower shape factor, suggesting greater efficiency of promoting boundary-layer transition.
Learning Fair Scoring Functions: Bipartite Ranking under ROC-based Fairness Constraints

Many applications of AI, ranging from credit lending to medical diagnosis support through recidivism prediction, involve scoring individuals using a learned function of their attributes. These predictive risk scores are then used to take decisions based on whether the score exceeds a certain threshold, which may vary depending on the context. The level of delegation granted to such systems will heavily depend on how questions of fairness can be answered. In this paper, we study fairness for the problem of learning scoring functions from binary labeled data, a standard learning task known as bipartite ranking. We argue that the functional nature of the ROC curve, the gold standard measure of ranking performance in this context, leads to several ways of formulating fairness constraints. We introduce general classes of fairness definitions based on the AUC and on ROC curves, and establish generalization bounds for scoring functions learned under such constraints. Beyond the theoretical formulation and results, we design practical learning algorithms and illustrate our approach with numerical experiments on real and synthetic data.
A Taxonomic Investigation into the Red Alga Plocamium within New Zealand

The red alga Plocamium is a cosmopolitan genus, known for its distinct branching pattern and rich chemical composition. Recent studies indicate morphological-based species delimitation approaches have failed to accurately discern diversity, distributions, and evolutionary relationship between species worldwide. Currently there are seven recognized species within New Zealand based on traditional morphological approaches and no molecular based work focused on discerning true diversity of New Zealand species in this genus. This thesis is the first to use molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy to investigate Plocamium within New Zealand. Phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) based on COI, rbcL, LSU and combined LSU/COI markers, three molecular species delimitation methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, General Mixed Yule Coalescent, and Bayesian implementation of the Poisson Tree Processes), and morphometric analyses of various characters (width of main axis (WMA), width of lowest basal ramuli (WLBR), length of lowest basal ramuli (LLBR), number of alternating series of ramuli (NASR), average number of ramuli per alternating series (ANRAS), curvature of basal ramuli (CBR) and serrations present or absent from basal ramuli (SERBR) were used to address this topic. The species delimitation methods revealed at least eleven (A-K) putative genetic species (with some incongruences) within the New Zealand specimens included in the study. Morphometric analyses indicated morphology reflects genetic diversity when multiple measures of multiple characters are used, however this is not the case when considering single characters. Phylogenetic analyses revealed possible monophyly of New Zealand candidate species C-K, and possible relationships to Australian, Chilean, and Taiwanese species. However these backbone relationships were poorly supported. The results of this study indicate that Plocamium diversity within New Zealand has been underestimated and provide the first steps in discovering the true species diversity of Plocamium within New Zealand.
Molecular genetic diversity of donkey (Equus asinus) in South Korea

The research on domestic donkey has little information and criteria comparing to other livestock, companion animal in South Korea. We analyzed genetic database of domestic donkey using microsatellite marker to clarify domestic donkey identification and paternity test. It is the first microsatellite marker analysis on domestic donkey in South Korea. We studied 179 horse samples from 50 Thoroughbred, 50 Jeju Halla horse, including 79 donkeys then analyzed 15 microsatellite marker (AHT4, AHT5, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG10, LEX3 and VHL20). We observed genetic diversity from biostatic analysis of them. The number of alleles on total average is 6.08 observed from 1 (ASB17), 2 (HMS1) to 14 (AHT5). The observed heterozygosity (OHet) is from 0.0000 (ASB17, HMS1) to 0.8608 (ASB23) which is mean value of 0.4861, the expected heterozygosity (EHet) is from 0.0000 (CA425) to 0.9104 (AHT5) with mean value of 0.5915, and the Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) on each group of microsatellite marker is from 0.0000 (ASB17) to 0.8968 (AHT5) observed as a mean value of 0.5374. Among 15 markers AHT4, AHT5, ASB23, CA425, HMS2, HMS3, HTG4, HTG10, LEX3 is observed above 5.000. The results on 15 microsatellite marker analysis of 3 horse groups is that the donkey had 0.5915 EHet, 0.4861 OHet on average, Thoroughbred had 0.6721 EHet, 0.6587 OHet on average, and the Jeju halla horse had 0.7898 EHet, 0.7093 OHet on average observed. Furthermore the mean alleles value is observed as 6.08, 4.83, 8.00 in donkey, Thoroughbred, Jeju halla horse breed in each.
A Framework for Spam Detection in Twitter Based on Recommendation System

: The rapidly growing online social networking sites have been infiltrated by a large amount of spam. Spammers are a particular kind of ill-intentioned users who degrade the quality of OSNs information through misusing all possible services provided by OSNs. Social spammers spread many intensive posts/tweets to lure legitimate users to malicious or commercial sites containing malware downloads, phishing, and drug sales. Given the fact that Twitter is not immune towards the social spam problem, different researchers have designed various detection methods, which inspect individual tweets or accounts for the existence of spam contents. Today, social networks are exposed to various threats that exploit their vulnerability. However, although of the high detection rates of the account-based spam detection methods, these methods are not suitable for filtering tweets in the real-time detection because of the need for information from Twitter’s servers. At tweet spam detection level, many light features have been proposed for real-time filtering; however, the existing classification models separately classify a tweet without considering the state of previous handled tweets associated with a topic. First, they propose the identification of spam tweet by the security approach based on social honeypots and then they propose a method based on an algorithm "content filtering" in order to detect those that are similar to spam tweet detected by the approach of honeypots. Our approach has greatly improved the quality of abstraction in terms of performance and design. The algorithm is also fast and simple to implement. Experimental results show the stability and accuracy (over 99%), F-measure 98% of our approach.
Unfolding the Mechanism of Sodium Insertion in Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles

It is frequently assumed that sodium‐ion battery chemistry exhibits a behavior that is similar to the more frequently investigated lithium‐ion chemistry. However, in this work it is shown that there are great, and rather surprising, differences, at least in the case of anatase TiO2. While the generally more reducing lithium ion is reversibly inserted in the anatase TiO2 lattice, sodium ions appear to partially reduce the rather stable oxide and form metallic titanium, sodium oxide, and amorphous sodium titanate, as revealed by means of in situ X‐ray diffraction, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Nevertheless, once the electrochemical transformation of anatase TiO2 is completed, the newly formed material presents a very stable long‐term cycling performance, excellent high rate capability, and superior coulombic efficiency, highlighting it as a very promising anode material for sodium‐ion battery applications.
Diet composition, quality and overlap of sympatric American pronghorn and gemsbok

Species with a long evolutionary history of sympatry often have mechanisms for resource partitioning that reduce competition. However, introduced non-native ungulates often compete with native ungulates and competitive effects can be exacerbated in arid regions due to low primary productivity. Our objectives were to characterize diet composition, quality, and overlap between American pronghorn Antilocapra americana and introduced non-native gemsbok Oryx gazella in southcentral New Mexico, USA. Severe drought occurred between 2010 and 2011, which allowed us to evaluate drought impacts on diet composition, quality, and overlap. Using feces collected from each species, we assessed diet composition and overlap with microhistological analysis and diet quality using fecal nitrogen (FN) and fecal 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (FDAPA). Pronghorn diet was primarily composed of shrubs in the cool—dry season (64.5%) then shifted to forbs in the warm—dry (64.7%) and warm—wet (54.1%) seasons. Pronghorn diet also shifted to shrubs during drought (50.7%). Gemsbok diets were evenly distributed across forage types. Fifty-three percent of the species of plants consumed by pronghorn and gemsbok were shared; diet overlap averaged 0.44 ± 0.06 (SE) and 0.49 ± 0.06 during the warm—dry seasons of 2010 and 2011, respectively. During drought, key forage species shared between pronghorn and gemsbok included yucca Yucca spp. , prickly pear Opuntia spp. , globemallow Sphaeralcea coccinea and horsenettle Solanum elaeagnifolium, comprising 50% of the pronghorn and 40% of the gemsbok diets. Fecal nitrogen and FDAPA decreased in pronghorn by 26% and 27% between the warm—dry season of 2010 (non-drought) and the warm—dry season of 2011 (drought), respectively. Drought had little effect on dietary quality for gemsbok. Gemsbok can use forage with lower nutritional content giving them an advantage over pronghorn, particularly during drought periods. Pronghorn are more dependent upon precipitation, which may be important to consider in light of increasing drought frequency associated with climate change.
KAI-1 and p53 expression in odontogenic cysts: An immunohistochemical (IHC) marker study

: Background: KAI-1/CD82 is a tumour suppressor gene; decreased gene expression is associated with the increased invasive ability of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), as hypothesised for various odontogenic cysts and tumours. p53 protein functions in the G1-S phase of the cell cycle to allow repair of the damaged DNA. In the present study, p53 and KAI-1 expression was investigated by using monoclonal antibodies in the various odontogenic cysts. Aims: To detect KAI-1 and p53 expression in radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and to assess the relation between p53 and KAI-1 expression in the aforementioned cysts. Materials and Methods: The present study included histopathologically diagnosed cases of radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts and OKCs for the expression of KAI-1 and p53 antibodies. Results: Amongst odontogenic cysts, radicular cysts expressed a maximum positivity of KAI-1 (20.92%) while p53 positive cells were maximum in odontogenic keratocysts (4.04%). The correlation between KAI-1 and p53 expression in the various odontogenic cysts was not found to be significant. Conclusion: The increased KAI-1 expression in the radicular cysts and its downregulation in OKCs may be indicative of aggressive clinical behaviour and the fact that OKCs are hypothesised as neoplastic rather than being developmental in origin.