Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Enclosure and Environmental Enrichment on the Behaviour of Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

Environmental enrichment is widely used to improve the quality of life of animals under human care. To successfully implement enrichment programs, it is important to evaluate their effect in different enclosure types since housing conditions may change depending on external factors, such as husbandry, management, or seasonal variation. This study investigates how ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) behaviour changes with the availability of enrichment items and the type of enclosure the animals are housed in. Through observations, we compared the behaviour of the lemurs in an indoor and outdoor enclosure, both without and with enrichment items. Although we observed enrichment effects, we found that enclosure type had a bigger effect on the lemurs’ behaviour. Additionally, behavioural changes induced by enrichment items differed between indoor and outdoor enclosures. These results indicate that the effectiveness of enrichment items may depend on the enclosure in which they are provided and consequently suggest that the impact of these programs should not be generalised over enclosure types. This highlights that the evaluation of environmental enrichment programs remains important when optimising zoo animal welfare.
Comparison of first-generation EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib, and icotinib) as adjuvant therapy in resected NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutations

Background Several randomized controlled trials have suggested that adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were associated with prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients after radical resection, comparing with chemotherapy or placebo. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of different first-generation EGFR-TKIs as adjuvant treatment in real-world setting. Methods Early-stage EGFR mutated NSCLC patients who underwent radical resection and treated with first-generation EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib, icotinib) as adjuvant therapy between Feb 2010 and Jan 2019 were retrieved from a prospectively-maintained database in our center. The primary endpoint was DFS in stage II/III (TNM 8th) patients with exploratory endpoint regarding DFS in stage I patients. Sensitivity analyses were based on propensity score matched (PSM) cohorts. Treatment failure patterns among different TKIs were also compared. Results Of 588 eligible patients, 198 patients (33.7%) received gefitinib, 106 patients (17.9%) received erlotinib, and 284 patients (48.2%) received icotinib. The median DFS of stage II/III patients in the gefitinib, erlotinib and icotinib group were 36.1 months (95% CI, 23.9–49.4), 42.8 months (95% CI, 29.6–97.8), and 32.5 months (95% CI, 23.9–49.4), respectively, with no significant difference (log-rank test P=0.22). There was also no significant difference in DFS among stage I patients receiving different TKIs (P=0.12). PSM adjustments and multivariate analyses adjusting for other confounders revealed similar results. In addition, there were no significant differences in treatment failure pattens in different EGFR-TKI arms, especially in terms of brain metastases (6.1% in gefitinb, 7.5% in erlotinib, 3.9% in icotinib) and bone metastases (8.6% in gefitinb, 9.4% in erlotinib, 7.0% in icotinib). Conclusions This first and largest real-world study showed that gefitinib, erlotinib, and icotinib demonstrated comparable clinical effectiveness as adjuvant therapy for patients with early-stage EGFR mutated NSCLC.
Silicon electronic–photonic integrated 25  Gb/s ring modulator transmitter with a built-in temperature controller

We demonstrate a silicon electronic–photonic integrated 25 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero transmitter that includes driver circuits, depletion-type Si ring modulator, Ge photodetector, temperature sensor, on-chip heater, and temperature controller, all monolithically integrated on a 0.25 μm photonic BiCMOS technology platform. The integrated transmitter successfully provides stable and optimal 25 Gb/s modulation characteristics against external temperature fluctuation.
VIRTUAL SCREENING OF HETEROBASED LIGAND LIBRARY FOR PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR FOR ANTICANCER ACTIVITY

Incorporating receptor flexibility is considered crucial for improvement of docking based virtual screening with an abundance of crystallographic structure are freely available, docking with multiple crystal structure is believed to be a practical approach to cope with protein flexibility.2SRC structures were first compared in a single structure docking by predicting the binding mode and recovering known ligands. Combination of different protein structures were compared by recovery of known ligands and an optional ensemble of 2SRC structure were selected. The chosen structure was used in virtual screening of over 2700 diverse compounds for 2SRC inhibitors. Six novel drugs ranked at the top of the hits list were tested experimentally proved. Further study indicated that achieving a better enrichment and identifying more diverse compounds was more likely using multiple structures than using only a single structure ever when protein structure were randomly selected. Taking into account conformational energy difference did not help to improve enrichment in the top ranked list.
Content Analyses of User Comments in Journalism: A Systematic Literature Review Spanning Communication Studies and Computer Science

Abstract Different disciplines have studied the content of online user comments in various contexts, using manual qualitative/quantitative or (semi-)automated approaches. The broad spectrum and disciplinary divides make it difficult to grasp an overview of those aspects which have already been examined, e.g. to identify findings related to one’s own research, recommendable methodological approaches, and under-researched topics. We introduce a systematic literature review concerning content analyses of user comments in a journalistic context. Our review covers 192 papers identified through a systematic search focussing on communication studies and computer science. We find that research predominantly concentrates on the comment sections of Anglo-American newspaper brands and on aspects like hate speech, general incivility, or users’ opinions on specific issues, while disregarding media from other parts of the world, comments in social media, propaganda, and constructive comments. From our results we derive a research agenda that addresses research gaps and also highlights potentials for automating analyses as well as for cooperation across disciplines.
The use of reflectance for monitoring phenolic maturity curves in red grapes

A new laboratory method is discussed for monitoring phenolic quality in grape during maturation in the vineyard. Spectroscopy on whipped grapes was used to determine an index of phenolic maturity (Phenolic Maturity Trend - PMT) derived from the elaboration of the reflectance signals from six light emitting diodes in the spectral range 525-880 nm. The PMT index allows the trend of the overall maturity of polyphenols in grape berries to be qualitatively defined in laboratory and supplies information equivalent to that obtained with the traditional methods used to identify polyphenols. Since the method does not require polyphenol extraction, many more analyses can be done daily.
Mental Health of Women Working in the Informal Economy

The purpose of this exploratory study was to understand the research question-what the mental health of women working in the informal economy looks like given the nature of their work and the possible instances of structural violence. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 women. Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis (2006) was used to interpret the coded data and three broad themes dealing with challenges, violence and its implications and an overview of mental health were conceptualised, with varying sub-themes underneath them. From this study, one can understand the deplorable state of mental health, especially for women with the structural, financial and physical violence that they endure while dealing with unstructured and unorganised work to make ends meet, resulting in a role overload. This research can be useful for further policy decisions as interventions can be designed in accordance to the same. Most importantly, the research doesn’t just quantify mental health concerns, but aims to understand the everyday life consequences of those concerns.
Innovation and Diversification Via Plasticity-Led Evolution

Biodiversity requires explanation. Why are there so many different kinds of living things, and where do their unique features come from? Historically, biologists have attempted to address these questions by focusing on the ecological and genetic factors that foster evolutionary diversification and innovation. By contrast, less attention has been paid to development. Yet, a key feature of development—its tendency to be adaptively responsive to changes in an organism’s environment—might play a critical role in the origins of new traits and new species. In this chapter, we explore these issues by introducing the concept of plasticityled evolution—adaptive evolution that is set in motion by phenotypic plasticity. As we describe, there are numerous ways that plasticity can contribute to the origins CONTENTS
Design an Optimum Energy Harvesting Model for Bidirectional Cognitive Radio Networks

The energy efficiency and spectrum shortage problem of wireless devices has become a concern for researchers worldwide as the number of wireless devices increases at an unparalleled speed. Many new solutions have been proposed to extend mobile devices' battery life, such as wireless energy harvesting from traditional radio frequency signals to design new smart battery chips. This paper considers a cognitive radio network model where primary users have their specific licensed band, and secondary users equipped with necessary hardware required for energy harvesting can use the licensed band of the primary user by smart sensing capability. First, the expression of outage probability is theoretically derived for uplink and downlink scenarios. Moreover, maximum energy efficiency for both uplink and downlink in the cognitive radio network model subject to interference and noise is investigated here. The theoretical analysis is then evaluated. It has been observed that outage probability improves low harvested power in the downlink scenario and high harvested power in the uplink scenario. Finally, the result signifies that energy efficiency is improved using optimum power for uplink and downlink scenarios.
Spontan hipertansif sýçanlarýn mide mukozasýnda lipid peroksidasyon ve apopitozis düzeyleri

Lipid peroxidation and apoptosis levels in gastric tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats Aim: The spontaneously hypertensive rat is a widely used animal model for essential hypertension . Despite the recognized gastric complications of hypertension, such as bleeding from gastritis, gastric mucosal blood flow and motility and vascular ectasias until now no investigations have been conducted on gastric mucosal apoptosis in hypertensive animals. In this study, we investigated the lipid peroxidation and apoptotic changes in the stomachs on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive (n: 10) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (n: 10) were used. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were determined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and terminal deoxynucleotdyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling technique was used to detect apoptosis in gastric tissue. Results: While the number of apoptotic cells were increased significantly in spontaneously hypertensive rats, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were not changed when compared Wistar Kyoto rats. In conclusion, data presented in the current study demonstrate the significant increase in gastric mucosal apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats for the first time but underlying mechanisms of apoptosis are not clarified.
Competitive paths for methanol decomposition on ruthenium: a DFT study

Methanol decomposition is one of the key reactions in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) state-of-the-art technology, research, and development. However, its mechanism still presents many uncertainties, which, if answered, would permit us to refine the manufacture of DMFCs. The mechanism of methanol decomposition on ruthenium surfaces was investigated using density functional theory and a periodic supercell approach. The possible pathways, involving either initial C–H, C–O or O–H scission, were defined from experimental evidence regarding the methanol decomposition on ruthenium and other metallic surfaces. The study yielded the O–H scission pathway as having both the most favorable energetics and kinetics. The computational data, which present a remarkable closeness with the experimental results, also indicate methanol adsorption, the starting point in all possible pathways, to be of weak nature, implying a considerable rate of methanol desorption from the ruthenium, compromising the reaction.
Complete Chloroplast Genome of Clethra fargesii Franch., an Original Sympetalous Plant from Central China: Comparative Analysis, Adaptive Evolution, and Phylogenetic Relationships

Clethra fargesii, an essential ecological and endemic woody plant of the genus Clethra in Clethraceae, is widely distributed in Central China. So far, there have been a paucity of studies on its chloroplast genome. In the present study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of C. fargesii. We also analyzed the chloroplast genome features and compared them to Clethra delavayi and other closely related species in Ericales. The complete chloroplast genome is 157,486 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,034 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,492 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,980 bp. The GC content of the whole genome is 37.3%, while those in LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 35.4%, 30.7%, and 43.0%, respectively. The chloroplast genome of C. fargesii encodes 132 genes in total, including 87 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. A total of 26,407 codons and 73 SSRs were identified in C. fargesii chloroplast genome. Additionally, we postulated and demonstrated that the structure of the chloroplast genome in Clethra species may present evolutionary conservation based on the comparative analysis of genome features and genome alignment among eight Ericales species. The low Pi values revealed evolutionary conservation based on the nucleotide diversity analysis of chloroplast genome in two Clethra species. The low selection pressure was shown by a few positively selected genes by adaptive evolution analysis using 80 coding sequences (CDSs) of the chloroplast genomes of two Clethra species. The phylogenetic tree showed that Clethraceae and Ericaceae are sister clades, which reconfirm the previous hypothesis that Clethra is highly conserved in the chloroplast genome using 75 CDSs of chloroplast genome among 40 species. The genome information and analysis results presented in this study are valuable for further study on the intraspecies identification, biogeographic analysis, and phylogenetic relationship in Clethraceae.
Rhizophoraceae family in North Rupat KKPD Mangrove Forest Riau Province - Part II. Demographic Structure, Density, Ecological Index and Spread Pattern

Pemantauan dan pemahaman struktur ekologi mangrove famili Rhizophoraceae sangat penting untuk pengelolaan dan pelestarian lestari, dimana studi famili Rhizophoraceae dilakukan pada Juli 2018 di hutan mangrove KKPD Rupat Utara untuk dijadikan sebagai data dasar dalam evaluasi pengelolaan mangrove. , terutama dari anggota keluarga Rhizophoraceae. Pengumpulan data kondisi vegetasi mangrove pada famili Rhizophoraceae dengan menggambar garis transek dan plot yang tegak lurus dengan daratan, kemudian dilakukan observasi di tiga lokasi yaitu Desa Titi Akar, Pulau Babi, dan Desa Tanjung Medang. Untuk indeks ekologi, keanekaragaman famili Rhizophoraceae KKPD Rupat Utara tergolong rendah (rata-rata 0,91), dominasinya sedang (rata-rata 0,61), keseragaman tergolong tidak stabil (rata-rata 0,58) dan pola sebaran tergolong kelompok dengan indeks morisitas rata-rata 1,41.
Solid dispersions of carbamazepine with Gelucire 44/14 and 50/13

La preparation de dispersions solides est une methode efficace pour augmenter la vitesse de dissolution de principes actifs peu solubles, et donc ameliorer leur biodisponibilite. La methode de la fusion du transporteur a ete utilisee pour preparer differents types de dispersions solides de carbamazepine et deux types de Gelucire (44/ 14 et 50/13). Les caracteristiques physiques des melanges binaires ont ete determinees par microscopie a platine chauffante, analyse enthalpique differentielle, diffractometrie de rayons X sur poudre et spectroscopie infrarouge de reflexion diffuse a transformee de Fourier. Enfin, des etudes de dissolution in vitro ont ete effectuees. Les cinetiques de dissolution ont montre que les deux Gelucire entrainaient une augmentation notable de la vitesse de dissolution de la carbamazepine, meme en presence d'une faible proportion de transporteur. L'amelioration de la dissolution du principe actif a ete attribuee a la reduction de la taille de ses particules eta l'augmentation de leur mouillabilite quand le polymere est dissous.
A Low-FODMAP Diet in the Management of Children With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Protocol of a Systematic Review

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The available interventions for the management of children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are limited. A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) is widely used in adults and children with FAPD, despite limited available evidence. We aim to systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of using a low-FODMAP diet for the management of children with FAPD. Methods: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases will be searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare the use a low-FODMAP diet (preferably a 3-step low-FODMAP diet but also only a strict low-FODMAP diet or restriction of individual FODMAPs) with any comparator (i.e., standardized [i.e., average national] or other diet or no intervention) in children with FAPD (regardless of the definition). Each FAPD and each low-FODMAP diet or individual FODMAP restriction will be assessed separately. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias will be used. The primary outcome will be the abdominal pain intensity. The secondary outcomes will be abdominal pain frequency, stool consistency, other gastrointestinal symptoms, school performance, and psychological functioning associated with FAPD, parent’s work absenteeism associated with FAPD of a child, health-related quality of life, compliance, growth, and adverse events. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and submitted to relevant conferences. Conclusion: This systematic review of rigorous methodological design will update current evidence on the efficacy and safety of using a low-FODMAP diet. However, it may be limited by the quality of the included studies.
Advances on Mode-Coupling Theories, Fabrication Techniques, and Applications of the Helical Long-Period Fiber Gratings: A Review

In this paper, we have briefly review the developing history and recent advances made with regard to helical long-period fiber gratings (HLPGs) in three aspects, i.e., the mode-coupling theories, the fabrication techniques, and the applications. It is shown that, due to the intrinsic helicity characteristics, which are especially suitable to control the loss, polarization, and orbit-angular-momentum (OAM) states of the light in optical fiber, HLPGs have recently attracted great research interest and have found various applications, such as the mode-converters, the torsion sensors, the band-rejection filters, wave plates, linear- and circular-light polarizers, and OAM mode generators, etc. It is believed that HLPGs and the HLPGs-based devices would find further applications to not only the fields of optical sensors and optical communication, but also other fields such as ultrahigh precision measurement, quantum optics, and biochemistry, etc.
An lp-space matching pursuit algorithm and its application to robust seismic data denoising via time-domain Radon transforms

Sparse solutions of linear systems of equations are essential in many applications of seismic data processing. These systems arise in many denoising algorithms, such as those that use Radon transforms. We have developed a robust matching pursuit (RMP) algorithm for the retrieval of sparse Radon domain coefficients. The algorithm is robust to outliers and, hence, is applicable for seismic data deblending. The classic matching pursuit (MP) algorithm is often adopted to approximate data by a small number of basis functions. It performs effectively for data contaminated with well-behaved, typically Gaussian, random noise. However, MP tends to identify the wrong basis functions when the data are contaminated by erratic noise such as source interference encountered in common-receiver and common-channel gathers of simultaneous source surveys. Incorporating an [Formula: see text] space inner product into the MP algorithm significantly increases its robustness to erratic signals. Deblending experiments with synthetic and field data examples indicate a significant signal-to-noise ratio improvement when one adopts a Radon denoiser computed via our RMP solver. We determine in detail the steps required to implement our [Formula: see text] space RMP algorithm when the basis functions are not given in an explicit form, as is the case with the time-domain Radon transform.
IAA reversible growth inhibition of grape shoots (Vitis vinifera) by maleic hydrazide compared to gibberellic acid induced growth.

The growth rate of irrigated grape shoots on mature vines was determined. A linear growing period was found between 20 and 55 d after bud opening. Maleic hydrazide (MH) was found to reduce this growth rate without affecting its linearity. The degree of inhibition is concentration dependent. A lag period of 5 d was found from application to a measurable change of the growth rate. IAA had no effect on grape shoot growth rate when applied in the linear growth phase at concentrations up to 80 mg/l. This is true also when applied to shoots with a reduced growth rate induced by MH. IAA applied during the 5-d lag period after MH treatment could, however, reverse the MH inhibition. The degree of reversion is concentration dependent. Gibberellic acid (GA3) has a pronounced promoting effect on grape shoot growth. No direct interaction between MH-induced growth reduction and GA3-induced growth stimulation was found. Die Hemmung des Triebwachstums von Reben ( Vitis vinifera ) durch Maleinsaurehydrazid und ihre Aufhebung durch IES im Vergleich mit der Wachstumsforderung durch Gibberellinsaure Bei bewasserten vollentwickelten Reben der Sorte Madlene wurde die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit der Triebe untersucht. Zwischen dem 20. und 55. d nach dem Austrieb wurde eine Periode linearen Langenwachstums festgestellt. Maleinsaurehydrazid (MH) verringerte die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit, beeinfluste aber die Linearitat des Wachstumsverlaufs nicht. Das Ausmas der Wachstumshemmung war konzentrationsabhangig. Die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit war erst 5 d nach der Applikation mesbar verandert. IES in Konzentrationen bis zu 80 mg/l hatte keinen Einflus auf die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit, wenn sie wahrend der linearen Wachstumsphase angewandt wurde. Dies war auch der Fall, wenn Triebe behandelt wurden, deren Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit durch MR-Vorbehandlung verringert war. IES-Applikation wahrend der 5tagigen Zwischenphase nach der MR-Vorbehandlung konnte - in Abhangigkeit von der IES-Konzentration - die MR-bedingte Hemmung jedoch aufheben. Zwischen der MR-induzierten Wachstumsverringerung und der GS3-induzierten Forderung wurde keine unmittelbare Wechselwirkung gefunden.