Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMBEDDIA Tools, Datasets and Challenges: Resources and Hackathon Contributions

This paper presents tools and data sources collected and released by the EMBEDDIA project, supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. The collected resources were offered to participants of a hackathon organized as part of the EACL Hackashop on News Media Content Analysis and Automated Report Generation in February 2021. The hackathon had six participating teams who addressed different challenges, either from the list of proposed challenges or their own news-industry-related tasks. This paper goes beyond the scope of the hackathon, as it brings together in a coherent and compact form most of the resources developed, collected and released by the EMBEDDIA project. Moreover, it constitutes a handy source for news media industry and researchers in the fields of Natural Language Processing and Social Science.
A Quantitative Framework to Study Potential Benefits and Harms of Multi-Cancer Early Detection Testing

Background: Multi-cancer tests offer screening for multiple cancers with one blood draw, but the potential population impact is poorly understood. Methods: We formulate mathematical expressions for expected numbers of: (i) individuals exposed to unnecessary confirmation tests (EUC), (ii) cancers detected (CD), and (iii) lives saved (LS) given test performance, disease incidence and mortality, and mortality reduction. We add colorectal, liver, lung, ovary, and pancreatic cancer to a test for breast cancer, approximating prevalence at ages 50, 60, or 70 using incidence over the next 5 years and mortality using corresponding probabilities of cancer death over 15 years in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Results: EUC is overwhelmingly determined by specificity. For a given specificity, EUC/CD is most favorable for higher prevalence cancers. Under 99% specificity and sensitivities as published for a 50-cancer test, EUC/CD is 1.1 for breast + lung versus 1.3 for breast + liver at age 50. Under a common mortality reduction associated with screening, EUC/LS> is most favorable when the test includes higher mortality cancers (e.g., 19.9 for breast + lung vs. 30.4 for breast + liver at age 50 assuming a common 10% mortality reduction). Conclusions: Published multi-cancer test performance suggests a favorable tradeoff of EUC to CD, yet the full burden of unnecessary confirmations will depend on the posttest work-up protocol. Harm–benefit tradeoffs will be improved if tests prioritize more prevalent and/or lethal cancers for which curative treatments exist. Impact: The population impact of multi-cancer testing will depend not only on test performance but also on disease characteristics and efficacy of early treatment. See related commentary by Duffy and Sasieni, p. 3
Stabilization of Lifted Laminar Co-Flow Flames by Oxygen-Enriched Air

The effects of a co-flow of oxygen-enriched air on the characteristics of a laminar jet diffusion flame of methane are experimentally investigated using a coaxial burner positioned vertically. The volume content of oxygen varies from 21% (air) to 30%. Flame structure is observed through the heights of flame lift-off and flame length based on initial rates of CH4, air, and oxygen percentages. Stability diagrams showing the states of the flame and transitions between these states are drawn. The reduction of the lift-off height observed during the addition of oxygen is explained by the increase of the laminar flame speed and heat release due to a higher flame temperature.
A Survey on Different approaches for Secure Deduplication of Encrypted data in cloud

- As Big Data cloud storage servers are becoming popular the shortage of disk space in the cloud becomes a problem. Data deduplication is a method to control the explosion growth of data on the cloud and most of the storage providers are finding more secure and efficient methods for their sensitive data.The following paper reviews on different methods of secure deduplication of encrypted data in cloud. The main motive of this review is to suggest a suitable mechanism for eliminating duplicate copies of identical data in order to save storage space and network bandwidth in cloud. By the end of the paper we will be summarizing the advanced methods that are used for secure deduplication of encrypted data in cloud.
Enhancing Histopathological Colorectal Cancer Image Classification by using Convolutional Neural Network

Colorectal cancer (CRC) also known as bowl cancer is one of the leading death causes worldwide. Early diagnosis has become vital for a successful treatment. Now days with the new advancements in Convolutional Neural networks (CNNs) its possible to classify different images of CRC into different classes. Today It is crucial for physician to take advantage of the new advancements in deep learning, since classification methods are becoming more and more accurate and efficient. In this study, we introduce a method to improve the classification accuracy from previous studies that used the National Center for Tumor diseases (NCT) data sets. We adapt the ResNet-50 model in our experiment to classify the CRC histopathological images. Furthermore we utilize transfer learning and fine-tunning techniques to improve the accuracy. Our Experiment results show that ResNet_50 network is the best CNN architecture so far for classifying CRC histopathological images on the NCT Biobank open source dataset. In addition to that using transfer learning allow us to obtain 97.7% accuracy on the validation dataset, which is better than all previous results we found in literature.
WiFi mobility models for COVID-19 enable less burdensome and more localized interventions for university campuses

Infectious diseases, like COVID-19, pose serious challenges to university campuses, and they typically adopt closure as a non-pharmaceutical intervention to control spread early and ensure a gradual return to normalcy. These policies, like remote instruction (SQ), reduce potential contact but also have broad side-effects on campus by hampering local economy, students learning outcomes, and community wellbeing. In this paper, we demonstrate that university policymakers can mitigate these tradeoffs by leveraging anonymized data from their WiFi infrastructure to learn community mobility (WF) and in turn explore more granular policies like localized closures (LC). WF can construct contact networks that capture behavior in a variety of spaces, highlighting new potential transmission pathways and temporal variation in contact behavior. Additionally, WF enables us to design LC policies that close super-spreader locations on campus. On simulating disease spread with contact networks from WF, we find that LC maintains the same reduction in cumulative infections as SQ while showing greater reduction in peak infections and internal transmission. Moreover, LC reduces campus burden by closing fewer locations, forcing fewer students into completely online schedules, and requiring no additional isolation. WF can empower universities to conceive and assess a variety of closure policies to prevent future outbreaks.
Flow induced deformation of defects around nanoparticles and nanodroplets suspended in liquid crystals

A three-dimensional molecular theory is used to describe the effect of flow on the defects that arise around nanoparticles and nanodroplets suspended in a nematic liquid crystal. It is observed that flow displaces the Saturn ring line defect that forms around a nanoparticle at equilibrium in the upstream direction; it is eventually closed by the flow and becomes a Hedgehog point defect. In contrast, the Saturn ring that forms around a nanodroplet is slightly displaced in the downstream direction. Experimental measurements of defects around nanoparticles have not been reported in the literature. In the absence of experiments, the validity of theoretical predictions is assessed through a direct comparison to results of many-body molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse grain liquid crystal model. Theoretical predictions and molecular simulations are in quantitative agreement, thereby lending credibility to the predictions presented in this work and suggesting that flow can be used to manipulate defect structure and aggregation of nanoparticles in nematic liquid crystals.
Effect of nitrogen and oxygen incorporated into TMSAA plasma coating on surface‐bound heparin activity

To investigate the influence of nitrogen and oxygen incorporated into N-trimethylsilylallyamine (TMSAA) plasma coating on heparin binding to the surfaces, four types of monomer combinations were utilized. Those combinations include TMSAA alone, TMSAA mixed with nitrogen (TMSAA + N2), with air (TMSAA + air), and with oxygen (TMSAA + O2). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to study the coating of the bulk structure. The thickness and surface morphology of the coatings were measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and the contact angle were used to investigate the surface elemental composition and hydrophilicity, respectively. It was found that the incorporation of oxygen into the coating formation significantly increased the deposition rate of the TMSAA + O2 coating, but the heparin activity was the least even though it made the coating surface more hydrophilic. This is considered to have resulted from the loss of nitrogen in the coating structure due to the oxygen replacement to nitrogen. The nitrogen incorporated into the coating had no noticeable effect on the heparin surface-binding ability. The TMSAA + air plasma grafting process exhibited the best heparin attachment to the surface, which could be largely attributed to its highest surface roughness, although the nitrogen composition was decreased to some extent compared to the pure TMSAA plasma coating. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1875–1883, 2003
Fantasy Behavior Scale: The Psychometric Properties

The development of a 24-item self-report scale for measuring fantasy behavior in populations is described, the concept was elucidated, theories and the previous studies that are applicable to fantasy behavior were applied and reviewed. The study also established the psychometric qualities and properties of the Fantasy Behavior Scale (FBS). Series of analyses was used to reduce the item pool from an initial 30 items to 24 items. The result of the factor loading for fantasy scale shows that the items loaded into seven (7) components, but most of the items loaded highest on five (5) factors or components which were named as follows: component one (fantasy behavior),loaded 17 items (8.56); component two (control over fantasy behavior), loaded 3 items (2.134); component three (attitude towards fantasy behavior), loaded 1 item (1.71); component four (loss of touch with reality), loaded 2 items (1.48) and component five (defense mechanism), loaded 1 item (1.44). The resulting (FBS) is a 24–item scale that showed high internal consistency (α = .910) and a subsequent reliability of (α = .881). It also showed external validity of r = . 766 (2-tailed) when correlated with fantasy proneness scale.
COMING OUT FROM THE CLOSET: EXPERIENCES OF HOMOSEXUAL YOUTH

This phenomenological type of research used the case study method to deal with the coming out process of homosexual youth. Ten participants, ages 15 to 21 years, were covered in this study using criterion sampling. They were those who have been open regarding their sexual preferences as disclosed to their loved ones and friends. Findings showed that there are common themes in terms of the participants’ personal history and family background. They all had loving and supportive mothers and physically and emotionally absentee-fathers. They were also quite attached to their sisters but not to their brothers, and they have had a gay history in the family. For this research, the term “effeminacy” or “sissiness” was used to describe some significant childhood experiences of the homosexual participants who have manifested a cross-gender identification since childhood. They were noted to have had a number of female playmates whom they preferred over their male playmates. Accordingly, they preferred the girls’ toys and played the girls’ games. Surprisingly, they also started cross-dressing during their early childhood days. Realization as to sexual inclination among the participants occurred during their pre-pubescence age (6 to13 years old), but they admitted to having come out only during pubescence age (10 to 13 years old); revealing such sexual preference usually to their female relatives, especially their mothers and sometimes their sisters. The fathers and the male siblings of the participants initially refused to accept their real sexual predilection while most of their female and gay friends readily understood and accepted them. The participants claimed to have been happier with their lives after their “coming out of their closets” because they can perform both male and female roles. They can wear dresses and join beauty contests such as “Miss Gay” and other similar competitions.Significantly, one of the plans, most of the participants have cited was their desire to become transgender and to have at least one child. Finally, these participants enjoined other homosexuals who have not come out of their closets to follow their lead and to enjoy their lives in the open.
Intestinal coccidia: a critical review

Intestinal coccidia comprise a group of emerging and opportunistic protozoa. The manifestations caused may range from diarrhea to chronic variables associated with electrolytic disturbances. With an HIV / AIDS pandemic, these infections can be reported because of the aggressive picture in patients. The data of the literature, in HIV positive patients were 24 mm of average of 24%. Among the intestinal coccidia, Cryptosporidium sp. is more prominent due to its zoonotic nature. Recovery records of dogs and cats were found in 100% of treated animals in a veterinary hospital. In addition, cattle may also act as reservoirs, with prevalences in Brazil varying from 0.6% to 72.13%. Currently, there are several methodologies for the diagnosis of these coccidians, from the microscopic methods that present the main techniques for the diagnosis of these coccidians. In addition to the medical importance, the prevalence of intestinal coccidioses is relevant as an indicator of the socioeconomic status of a given population and the intensity of energy is an anthropopathic or zoonotic. However, improvements are still needed to make new diagnostic techniques more accessible, in order to detect intestinal coccidia more easily and reliably.
High rates of genome rearrangements and pathogenicity of Shigella spp

Shigella are pathogens originating within the Escherichia lineage but frequently classified as a separate genus. Shigella genomes contain numerous insertion sequences (ISs) that lead to pseudogenization of affected genes and an increase of non-homologous recombination. Here, we study 414 genomes of E. coli and Shigella strains to assess the contribution of genomic rearrangements to Shigella evolution. We found that Shigella experienced exceptionally high rates of intragenomic rearrangements and had a decreased rate of homologous recombination compared to pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli. The high rearrangement rate resulted in independent disruption of syntenic regions and parallel rearrangements in different Shigella lineages. Specifically, we identified two types of chromosomally encoded E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases acquired independently by all Shigella strains that also showed a high level of sequence conservation in the promoter and further in the 5’ intergenic region. In the only available enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) strain, which is a pathogenic E. coli with a phenotype intermediate between Shigella and non-pathogenic E. coli, we found a rate of genome rearrangements comparable to those in other E. coli and no functional copies of the two Shigella-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases. These data indicate that accumulation of ISs influenced many aspects of genome evolution and played an important role in the evolution of intracellular pathogens. Our research demonstrates the power of comparative genomics-based on synteny block composition and an important role of non-coding regions in the evolution of genomic islands. Importance Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains frequently cause infections in humans. Many E. coli exist in nature and their ability to cause disease is fueled by their ability to incorporate novel genetic information by extensive horizontal gene transfer of plasmids and pathogenicity islands. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. , which are pathogenic forms of E. coli, coupled with the absence of an effective vaccine against them, highlights the importance of the continuing study of these pathogenic bacteria. Our study contributes to the understanding of genomic properties associated with molecular mechanisms underpinning the pathogenic nature of Shigella. We characterize the contribution of insertion sequences to the genome evolution of these intracellular pathogens and suggest a role of upstream regions of chromosomal ipaH genes in the Shigella pathogenesis. The methods of rearrangement analysis developed here are broadly applicable to the analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation in historically recently emerging bacterial pathogens.
Topological tuning of DNA mobility in entangled solutions of supercoiled plasmids

Simulations and microscopy show that supercoiling enhances the dynamics of DNA by reducing threadings and entanglements. Ring polymers in dense solutions are among the most intriguing problems in polymer physics. Because of its natural occurrence in circular form, DNA has been extensively used as a proxy to study the fundamental physics of ring polymers in different topological states. Yet, torsionally constrained—such as supercoiled—topologies have been largely neglected so far. The applicability of existing theoretical models to dense supercoiled DNA is thus unknown. Here, we address this gap by coupling large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with differential dynamic microscopy of entangled supercoiled DNA plasmids. We find that, unexpectedly, larger supercoiling increases the size of entangled plasmids and concomitantly induces an enhancement in DNA mobility. These findings are reconciled as due to supercoiling-driven asymmetric and double-folded plasmid conformations that reduce interplasmid entanglements and threadings. Our results suggest a way to topologically tune DNA mobility via supercoiling, thus enabling topological control over the (micro)rheology of DNA-based complex fluids.
Autoxidation of cholest-5-en-3-one, and its accompanying isomerization, in acetic acid

The rearrangement of cholest-5-en-3-one to cholest-4-en-3-one in acetic acid in the dark is of the first kinetic order and shows the characteristics expected for catalysis by acetic acid molecules. If no special precautions are taken to avoid the presence of oxygen and traces of metal ions, a smooth autoxidation, also of the first kinetic order, accompanies this rearrangement and gives 6α- and 6β-hydroperoxycholest-4-en-3-one together with cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione and other products of oxidation. The rate of autoxidation is not increased by five-fold increase in the concentration of oxygen nor by a 1 000-fold increase in the concentration of copper(II) ions; it can be reduced by the inclusion of free-radical chain inhibitors and stopped by the inclusion of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid, when the rate of isomerization is the same as that in the absence of oxygen. When autoxidation is proceeding, this isomerization is reduced in rate but is not completely eliminated. Similar reactions in ethanol or in carbon tetrachloride are much slower. These results show that isomerization proceeds by at least two heterolytic pathways, and that the rate of formation of an intermediate concerned in one of these can control the rate of an autoxidation by molecular oxygen catalysed by traces of metal ions. Study of primary (4-D) and solvent isotope effects shows that both mechanisms for isomerization are intermolecular, and involve stereoselective removal of 4β-H and introduction of 6β-D. The first may be formulated as a synchronous syn-SE2′ process. The second involves an intermediate which can be intercepted by oxygen in the presence of trace amounts of metal ions. The kinetic measurements show that in the absence of oxygen this intermediate gives more rapidly the unexchanged starting material than the rearranged enone; so it cannot be the free enol (which is known to be protonated much more rapidly at the 6- than at the 4-position), nor the enolate ion (which would give exchange at the 4-position). Isotope effects suggest that this intermediate should be formulated as an ion-pair, and establish also that exchange of both 4β- and 4α-hydrogen atoms with the solvent occurs at a rate which is significant but slower than those of the other reactions occurring in this solvent.
Title : Differential responses of amphibians and reptiles to land-use 2 change in the biodiversity hotspot of north-eastern Madagascar 3 Running Title : Herpetofauna response to land-use change in Madagascar 4

32 Large expanses of tropical rainforest have been converted into agricultural landscapes 33 cultivated by smallholder farmers. This is also the case in north-eastern Madagascar; a 34 region that retains significant proportions of forest cover despite slash-and-burn hill rice 35 cultivation and vanilla agroforestry expansion. The region is also a global hotspot for 36 herpetofauna diversity, but how amphibians and reptiles are affected by land-use change 37 remains largely unknown. Using a space-for-time study design, we compared species 38 diversity and community composition across seven prevalent land uses: unburned (old39 growth forest, forest fragment, and forest-derived vanilla agroforest) and burned (fallow40 derived vanilla agroforest, woody fallow, and herbaceous fallow) land-use types, and rice 41 paddy. We conducted six comprehensive, time-standardized searches across at least ten 42 replicates of each land-use type and applied genetic barcoding to confirm species 43 identification. We documented an exceptional diversity of herpetofauna (119 species; 91% 44 endemic). Plot-level amphibian species richness was significantly higher in old-growth forest 45 than in all other land-use types. Plot-level reptile species richness was significantly higher in 46 unburned land-use types compared to burned land-use types. For both amphibians and 47 reptiles, the less-disturbed land-use types showed more uneven communities and the 48 species composition in old-growth forest differed significantly from all other land-use types. 49 Amphibians had higher forest dependency (38% of species occurred exclusively in old50 growth forest) than reptiles (26%). Our analyses thus revealed that the two groups respond 51 differently to land-use change: we found less pronounced losses of reptile species richness 52 especially in unburned agricultural habitats, suggesting that reptiles are less susceptible to 53 land-use change than amphibians, possibly due to their ability to cope with hotter and drier 54 microclimates. Overall, old-growth forest harboured a unique diversity, but some species also 55 thrived in vanilla agroforestry systems, especially if these were forest-derived. This highlights 56 the importance of conserving old-growth forests and non-burned land-use types within 57 agricultural landscapes. 58