Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revealed Comparative Advantage of Saudi's Exports

Saudi Arabia is an oil based economy, getting about 40% of its GDP and around 90% of its export earnings from oil and gases. This paper aims at identifying the products in which country has comparative advantage using Balassa’s method of revealed comparative advantage, and to examine their long run and short run relationship with export price and world income. The paper found that Saudi Arabia has comparative advantage in exporting mineral fuels, oil, distillation products; non-mineral products like organic chemicals; fertilizers; and plastic and articles threof. The study further finds that mineral fuels, oil, distillation products and plastic and articles threof have significant relationship with world income and export price. Organic chemicals is found to be significantly related to world income but not to export price. Key Words: Export, comparative advantage, bound test
THE ONLINE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE-ESTABLISHING THE ROLE OF ONLINE SOCIAL SUPPORT. THE CASE OF SEARCHING FOR BUSINESS SUPPORT SERVICES

This paper explores the online customer experience in relation to Government provision of business support services. The aim of this research is to understand the variables that can influence customers searching for business support services online and to explore the potential role of social interaction during a customer’s online experience. This study provides a theoretical framework outlining the variables that have the potential to influence the online customer experience within the business support environment. The initial methodology is outlined along with an explanation of the current phase of the research.
Attitudes of Retailers and Consumers toward the EU Traceability and Labeling System for Beef

The spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Europe has induced EU policy makers to implement a mandatory traceability and labeling system in the beef supply chain. This paper analyzes consumer and retailer attitudes toward this system. Data used in the study were collected through two surveys of consumers and retailers in the province of AragA³n, Spain, in 2002. Consumer and retailer attitudes toward beef traceability are examined to identify main underlying factors. Using these factors, consumers and retailers are segmented into homogenous groups according to their attitudes toward traceability for beef. Results indicate that both consumers and retailers highly value the positive aspects related to the traceability and labeling system for beef, and they value the possible disadvantages to a lesser extent.
Chronische depressie versus niet-chronische depressie.

Behoudens de in of krachtens de Auteurswet van 1912 gestelde uitzonderingen mag niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch door fotokopieën, opnamen of enig andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Voor zover het maken van kopieën uit deze uitgave is toegestaan op grond van artikelen 16h t/m 16m Auteurswet 1912 jo. Besluit van 27 november 2002, Stb 575, dient men de daarvoor wettelijk verschuldigde vergoeding te voldoen aan de Stichting Reprorecht te Hoofddorp (postbus 3060, 2130 KB, www.reprorecht.nl) of contact op te nemen met de uitgever voor het treffen van een rechtstreekse regeling in de zin van art. 16l, vijfde lid, Auteurswet 1912. Voor het overnemen van gedeelte(n) uit deze uitgave in bloemlezingen, readers en andere compilatiewerken (artikel 16, Auteurswet 1912) kan men zich wenden tot de Stichting PRO (Stichting Publicatieen Reproductierechten, postbus 3060, 2130 KB Hoofddorp, www.cedar.nl/pro).
Geometric representation of substitutions of Pisot type

We prove that a substitutive dynamical system of Pisot type contains a factor which is isomorphic to a minimal rotation on a torus. If the substitution is unimodular and satisfies a certain combinatorial condition, we prove that the dynamical system is measurably conjugate to an exchange of domains in a self-similar compact subset of the Euclidean space.
Potential mammalian reservoirs in a bubonic plague outbreak focus in Mbulu District, northern Tanzania, in 2007

Abstract This study investigated mammalian involvement in an outbreak of bubonic plague in Mbulu District, northern Tanzania, in March 2007. Plague is a rodent-borne zoonotic disease that spreads to humans through fleas infected with Yersinia pestis. Live trapping of rodents and shrews was conducted in fallow and crop fields, peri-domestic areas, houses and the neighboring forest reserve. Serum was separated from blood of captured animals. A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used for diagnosis of plague infection. An ELISA technique was used to detect antibodies against Yersinia pestis fraction 1 antigen. Wild and commensal rodents tested positive by RDT, indicating current infection in clinically healthy animals. The ELISA showed that wild rodents (Lophuromys flavopunctatus, Praomys delectorum, Graphiurus murinus, Lemniscomys striatus) and commensal rats (Rattus rattus, Mastomys natalensis, Mus minutoides) were Y. pestis-positive. Two potential vectors, Xenopsylla brasiliensis and Dinopsyllus lypusus, were found on wild and commensal rodents with a flea index of 1.8. We conclude that diverse potential mammalian reservoirs and efficient vectors of Y. pestis are present in abundance in Dongobesh and could lead to persistence and future plague outbreaks.
Delay-Bounded Medium Access for Unidirectional Wireless Links

Consider a wireless network where links may be unidirectional, that is, a computer node A can broadcast a message and computer node B will receive this message but if B broadcasts then A will not receive it. Assume that messages have deadlines. We propose a medium access control (MAC) protocol which replicates a message in time with carefully selected pauses between replicas, and in this way it guarantees that for every message at least one replica of that message is transmitted without collision. The protocol ensures this with no knowledge of the network topology and it requires neither synchronized clocks nor carrier sensing capabilities. We believe this result is significant because it is the only MAC protocol that offers an upper bound on the message queuing delay for unidirectional links without relying on synchronized clocks. Delay-Bounded Medium Access for Unidirectional Wireless Links1 1 Due to space limitations, some results in this conference version are omitted. See the extended version for details [11]. Bjorn Andersson, Nuno Pereira, Eduardo Tovar IPP Hurray Research Group Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal {bandersson, npereira, emt}@dei.isep. ipp.pt
Kinetic study of esterification of sulfuric acid with alcohols in aerosol bulk phase

Abstract. In this study, we hypothesize that the formation of organosulfates through the reactions between sulfuric acid and alcohols in the aerosol bulk phase is more efficient than that in solution chemistry. To prove this hypothesis, the kinetics of the organosulfate formation was investigated for both aliphatic alcohol with single OH group (e.g., 1-heptanol) and the multialcohols ranging from semivolatiles (e.g., hydrated-glyoxal and glycerol) to nonvolatiles (e.g., sucrose) using analytical techniques directly monitoring aerosol bulk phase. Both the forward ( k 1 ) and the backward ( k −1 ) reaction rate constants of organosulfate formation via the particle phase esterification of 1-heptanol with sulfuric acid were estimated using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer equipped with a flow chamber under varying humidities. Both k 1 and k −1 are in orders of 10 −3 L mol −1 min −1 , which are three orders of magnitude higher than the reported values obtained in solution chemistry. The formation of organosulfate in the H 2 SO 4 aerosol internally mixed with multialcohols was studied by measuring the proton concentration of the aerosol collected on the filter using a newly developed Colorimetry integrated with a Reflectance UV-Visible spectrometer (C-RUV). The formation of organosulfate significantly decreases aerosol acidity due to the transformation of H 2 SO 4 into dialkylsulfates. The forward reaction rate constants for the dialkylsulfate formation in the multialcohol-H 2 SO 4 aerosols were also three orders of magnitude greater than the reported values in solution chemistry. The water content ( M H 2 O) in the multialcohol-H 2 SO 4 particle was monitored using the FTIR spectrometer. A large reduction of M H 2 O accords with the high yield of organosulfate in aerosol. Based on this study, we conclude that organosulfate formation in atmospheric aerosol, where both alcohols and sulfuric acid are found together, is significant.
Noise and Telecommunications Systems

Noise, as a research topic studied for its own sake, is an endlessly fascinating and richly rewarding intellectual treat; and as a topic of pragmatic concern, it is absolutely essential for comprehending and improving the operation of telecommunication systems, electrical circuits, semiconductor devices, computers and practically all systems in electrical engineering. As noted in [1], “communication is a process of transferring information from a source to a destination,” but during transmission through the channel, noise distorts the message. Consequently, understanding the properties of noise is key to accurately decoding the received message. Noise plays a central role in Information Theory, where its analysis spawned Shannon’s Entropy, and while Thermodynamic entropy was already birthed in the nineteenth century, it is the study of noise that reveals the intimate connection between the two concepts of entropy. In its most dramatic manifestation, microwave cosmic background radiation from the thermal noise bequeathed to us by the Big Bang informs us about events in the first trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second of the age of the universe [2].
The Boy who Cries Wolf: An Analysis of Ex-post and Ex-ante Compensation Schemes for Carnivore Predation on Sheep in Norway

This master thesis compares the Norwegian model for compensation of sheep lost due to predation with the social planner optimum. The Norwegian model is based on the concept of compensating the observed damage caused by carnivores. I also analyze an alternative compensation scheme where the compensation is paid in advance. The results of the analysis shows that the usual compensation scheme removes farmers’ incentives to protect their herd. This do not occur in the alternative model. However it might be that this alternative model is difficult to use in Norway because of distribution and fairness. It is shown that the conservation agency can maintain protective effort through subsidies under the assumption that there are no moral hazard. But even with this correction, it seems like the Norwegian compensation scheme gives the sheep herders’ increased profitability, and thus their sheep stock is larger than what is considered social optimal. By a numerical example it is shown that the loss from the compensation scheme, when protective effort is not subsidized, is greater the greater the effect of the protective effort. Thus it seems like the present Norwegian compensation scheme is costly in terms of transaction costs, but that the alternative approach might not be a perfect solution either.
The relationship between gross motor skills and visual perception of preschoolers

Okul oncesi cocuklarin gorsel algilari ile buyuk kas motor becerileri arasindaki iliskinin karsilastirmali olarak incelendigi bu calismada; “Cocuklarin gorsel algilari ile buyuk kas motor becerileri arasinda iliski var midir? ”, “Cocuklarin gorsel algilari, buyuk kas motor becerilerinin yordayicisi midir? ”, Buyuk kas motor becerileri dusuk, orta ve yuksek duzeyde olan cocuklarin gorsel algilari arasinda fark var midir? ” sorularina cevap aranmistir. Iliskisel tarama modelinde duzenlenen bu arastirmaya, yaslari 54 ile 59 ay arasi degisen 322 cocuk katilmistir. Cocuklarin % 52’si erkek, % 48’i kizdir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak; Frostig tarafindan gelistirilen “Frostig Gelisimsel Gorsel Algi Testi (FGGAT)” ile Ulrich tarafindan gelistirilen ve Tepeli ve ark. tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanan “Buyuk Kas Becerilerini Olcme Testi (BuKBOT)” kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde “Pearson Momentler Carpimi Korelasyon Katsayisi”, “Coklu Dogrusal Regresyon” ile “Varyans Analizi” istatistiksel metotlari kullanilmistir. Cocuklarin BuKBOT alt test ve toplam test puanlari ile FGGAT alt test ve toplam test puanlari arasinda dogru orantili oldukca yuksek iliskiler belirlenmistir (p<0.01). FGGAT’nin alt testleri birlikte, BuKBOT’un Lokomotor Beceriler alt testindeki toplam varyansin %27’ sini, Nesne Kontrol Beceriler alt testindeki toplam varyansin %70’ ini, Buyuk Kas Motor Beceriler toplam test puanlarindaki toplam varyansin %60’ ini acikladigi saptanmistir. Ayrica cocuklarin FGGAT alt test ve toplam test puanlarinin buyuk kas motor becerilerine gore anlamli duzeyde farklilastigi belirlenmistir
Can People form Links to Efficiently Access Information?

We investigate how individuals form social connections to access information. In our link formation game of one-way flows, the myopic best response is to link to the node with the highest informational reach, which depends on indirect links. This strategy leads to the efficient circle network. We find that myopic best response predicts the links that subjects form. However, some subjects target high-degree nodes instead, neglecting indirect connections. This reduces network efficiency. We obtain similar findings when subjects link to transfer information to others. Using a minimal group treatment, we also find evidence of in-group homophily in link formation.
A model for adult noncompletion of an interactive courseware correspondence course : an analysis of Air Force Master Sergeants /

This study tested the Derby correspondence course completion model using a sample of Air Force Master Sergeants who enrolled in a professional development course delivered via CD-ROM. The study operationalized a dichotomous dependent variable, course completion or noncompletion. Logistic regression was used. The variables hypothesized to be predictive were: (a) years o f service in the United States Air Force (USAF), (b) associate degree status, (c) Performance Fitness Test score, (d) Air Force Specialty Code, (e) learning modality, (0 loyalty to the Air Force, (g) support received, (h) CD-ROM application, and (i) course satisfaction. A 28item web-based instrument was developed to measure variables in the model. The instrument was piloted to estimate its ability to gather information under realistic conditions. Based on the higher response rates for completers (70%). the study's random sample (n = 1180), was stratified to produce a respondent sample that better reflected the total population (50% completers). The response rate was 47.1%. Qualitative inputs from the respondents were also analyzed. The model found the most important predictors of completion were length of service, perception of difficulty or ease with the CD-ROM application, and course satisfaction. The strongest variable, years o f service, was inversely related to course completion, indicating that students who have been in the USAF longer, are less likely to
The MAS NMR study of solid solutions based on the YAG crystal

Abstract An 27Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of nominally pure and Cr-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12 and Y3Al5O12:Cr) crystals is reported. It has been shown that the doping by Cr of the Y3Al5O12 crystals leads to the variation of the occupation by Al atoms both octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated sites of the garnet lattice.
Paleolimnology of thermokarst lakes: a window into permafrost landscape evolution

Widespread across northern permafrost landscapes, thermokarst ponds and lakes provide vital wildlife habitat and play a key role in biogeochemical processes. Stored in the sediments of these typically shallow and dynamic waterbodies are rich sources of paleoenvironmental information whose potential has not yet been fully exploited, likely because of concerns over stratigraphic preservation and challenges to develop reliable sediment core chronologies. Here, we present an overview of recently derived informative paleolimnological reconstructions based on multiparameter analysis of sediment archives from permafrost aquatic basins. We include examples from across the Canadian North, Alaska, and Siberia that illustrate their value for providing insights into temporal patterns of lake inception, catchment erosion, aquatic productivity, hydrological evolution, and landscape disturbances. Although not captured in our survey, emerging research directions focused on carbon accumulation, storage, and balance hold m.
A Review of Cancer Vaccine

In 2012 cancer disease was de second leading cause of death in United State. The major limitations of the conventional cancer therapy is the lack of specificity, collateral damage to normal tissue, which in some case is worse than the abnormalities in cancer cells, and the rates of cure of these conventional therapies are still low. Cancer vaccines, a new method propose to destroy and prevent cancer development, represent an incomparable and unique approach to treating cancer. The greatest advantage of this approach is the ability to target both surface and intracellular antigens through the activation of the cellular immune response and humoral immune response, as well as the greater duration response, which avoid the need of long-term and multiple immune treatments. Moreover, this approach activates the immunologic memory response, which could potentially represent the greatest advantage of the immune-based therapy because it can establish a durable therapeutic effect independent of repetitive cycles of therapy as the traditional method require. Although, to date there are a couple of cancer vaccines approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and a numbers of vaccines undergoing preclinical and clinical trial which are hold promising to be an effective anticancer therapy. The scope of this review attain to defined cancer vaccines disease, the immune system response against tumor cells, approaches for the development of cancer vaccines that are in clinical trials as well as different considerations that are taking into consideration for enhancing the efficacy and immunogenicity cancer vaccines.
Assessment of gene c diversity among surian Toona sinensis Roem in progenies test using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Surian Toona sinensis Roem is one of the most widely planted species in Indonesia. This study aimed to es mate the gene c diversity between a number of surian popula ons in a progeny test using RAPD markers, with the goal of proposing management strategies for a surian breeding program. Ninety-six individual trees from 8 popula ons of surian were chosen as samples for analysis. Eleven polymorphic primers (OP-B3, OP-B4, OP-B10, OP-H3, OP-Y6, OP-Y7, OP-Y8, OP-Y10, OP-Y11, OP-Y14, and OP-06) producing reproducible bands were analyzed for the 96 trees, with six trees per family sampled. Data were analyzed using GenAlEx 6.3, NTSYS 2.02. The observed percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 18.2% to 50%. The mean level of gene c diversity among the surian popula ons was considered to be moderate (He 0.304). Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two main clusters, at similarity levels of 0.68 and 0.46. The first two axes of the PCoA explained 46.16% and 25.54% of the total varia on, respec vely. The grouping of samples into clusters and subclusters did not correspond with family and their distances, but the grouping was in line with the gene c distances
Surgery-First Orthognathic Surgery for Severe Facial Asymmetry Combined With Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis Using a Three-Dimensional Internal Distractor

Abstract Severe facial asymmetry in adults with hemifacial microsomia or other types of mandibular hypoplasia is challenging to treat with simultaneous maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis using an external distractor combined with intermaxillary fixation (IMF). Using an external distractor also produces significant distress for patients for at least 8 weeks. Furthermore, mandibular-driven distraction tends to elongate the midface, with difficulty positioning of the center of the maxilla in the center of the face and horizontalization of the occlusal plane. To overcome these disadvantages, the authors performed repositioning of the Le Fort I segment intraoperatively to restore maxillary roll levering, followed by mandibular distraction using a 3-dimensional internal distractor with a variable angle for better control and tolerable postoperative distraction osteogenesis. This approach is based on the surgery-first concept. During the operation, the Le Fort I segment was fixed centrally in the center of the face and horizontally in the occlusal plane based on a computer-aided surgical simulation. Before mandibular corticotomy, a 3-dimensional internal distractor was placed on the affected side. Finally, vertical ramus osteotomy of the unaffected side was performed. After completion of distraction with IMF using elastic bands, IMF was released. The distractor was removed after a 6-month postoperative consolidation period. This method has been used in 5 patients with severe facial asymmetry, which were all successfully treated without complication. These cases show that this method can be used for severe facial asymmetry in adults, based on the surgery-first concept of minimizing the duration of orthodontic treatment and optimizing facial aesthetics.