Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Guide for Monitoring Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

OBJECTIVE. In low- and middle-income countries, methods for clinicians to address difficulties in language, social-emotional, cognitive, behavioral, or neuromotor development during early childhood are lacking. To fill this gap, we designed, in Turkey, the Guide for Monitoring Child Development, which aims to aid clinicians in monitoring and supporting child development and the early detection and management of developmental difficulties. The Guide for Monitoring Child Development monitoring component is a practical, open-ended interview that catalyzes communication between clinicians and caregivers and obtains a portrayal of the child's development. We report on the development and psychometric properties of the Guide for Monitoring Child Development monitoring component for children aged 0 to 24 months. METHODS. We examined the ages of attainment of Guide for Monitoring Child Development milestones and internal consistency in a cross-sectional study of healthy children receiving well-child care (study 1). In 2 clinical samples, we studied the interrater reliability between medical students and a child development specialist administering the guide (study 2), as well as the concurrent validity of the guide administered during a health visit and a comprehensive developmental assessment (study 3). RESULTS. In study 1 (N = 510), item-total scale correlations ranged from 0.28 to 0.91. An age-dependent attainment pattern was seen in all of the milestones. In study 2 (N = 92), interrater reliability between medical-student pairs and between the child development specialist and students was high (kappa scores were 0.83–0.88). In study 3 (N = 79), the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 0.88, 0.93, 0.84, and 0.94, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. The Guide for Monitoring Child Development is an innovative method for monitoring child development that is designed specifically for use by health care providers in low- and middle-income countries. Studies in Turkey provide preliminary evidence for its reliability and validity.
Noroviruses everywhere: has something changed?

Purpose of reviewNoroviruses causing gastroenteritis in humans have increasingly been described in both the scientific literature and the lay press. This review summarizes new information about where and why these viruses are detected as well as new developments to prevent or treat these infections. Recent findingsNoroviruses are highly infectious and quite stable. Noroviruses infect all age groups, with particularly severe disease occurring in young children, the elderly, and persons with chronic diseases. Noroviruses also cause persistent infections in immunosuppressed patients. Host susceptibility factors have been identified, including histo–blood group antigens that likely function as initial receptors for some noroviruses. The patterns of susceptibility are complex, however, and not completely understood for all virus strains. X-ray crystallographic information on the virus capsid and other viral-encoded proteins provides targets for structure-based drug development. SummaryThe availability of new methods of detecting noroviruses has resulted in increased detection of these pathogens. Advances in understanding of virus replication and structure should lead to development of strategies to prevent and treat these infections. Such efforts may be challenged by the emergence of new virus strains that appear through mechanisms that remain to be understood.
Hospital Phenotypes in the Management of Patients Admitted for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objectives:To characterize hospital phenotypes by their combined utilization pattern of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Research Design:Using the Premier Analytical Database, we identified 129,138 hospitalizations for AMI from 246 hospitals with the capacity for performing open-heart surgery during 2010–2013. We calculated year-specific, risk-standardized estimates of PCI procedure rates, CABG procedure rates, and ICU admission rates for each hospital, adjusting for patient clinical characteristics and within-hospital correlation of patients. We used a mixture modeling approach to identify groups of hospitals (ie, hospital phenotypes) that exhibit distinct longitudinal patterns of risk-standardized PCI, CABG, and ICU admission rates. Results:We identified 3 distinct phenotypes among the 246 hospitals: (1) high PCI—low CABG—high ICU admission (39.2% of the hospitals), (2) high PCI—low CABG—low ICU admission (30.5%), and (3) low PCI—high CABG—moderate ICU admission (30.4%). Hospitals in the high PCI—low CABG—high ICU admission phenotype had significantly higher risk-standardized in-hospital costs and 30-day risk-standardized payment yet similar risk-standardized mortality and readmission rates compared with hospitals in the low PCI—high CABG—moderate ICU admission phenotype. Hospitals in these phenotypes differed by geographic region. Conclusions:Hospitals differ in how they manage patients hospitalized for AMI. Their distinctive practice patterns suggest that some hospital phenotypes may be more successful in producing good outcomes at lower cost.
Static and dynamic vibration analyses of switched reluctance motors including bearings, housing, rotor dynamics, and applied loads

This paper presents a thorough numerical study of vibration analysis in electric motors, with particular application to switched reluctance motors (SRMs), using three-dimensional finite-element analysis (3-D FEA) methodology. It covers the major vibration sources: mechanical, magnetic, and applied load. The following analyses are presented. 1) A 3-D modal analysis including stator and rotor structures, shaft, end shields, bearings, and housing. 2) An unbalanced rotor dynamics analysis of the rotor, which is important for deciding on the eccentricity of the rotor mass to ensure that the vibration of rotor and housing is within acceptable limits. 3) A harmonic analysis to identify the range of speeds producing high vibration and noise that should be skipped over quickly during acceleration. 4) A stress analysis under different loading conditions (a simulation of load testing) to predict the deformation of the shaft and rotor. Apart from frequently reported modal analysis on the stator of SRMs in two dimensions, these 3-D vibration analyses are essential to examine the vibration in SRMs as a whole.
Putative tumor suppressor EDD interacts with and up‐regulates APC

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), whose mutation causes colorectal cancers, is a key player in the Wnt signaling pathway. While the role of APC in inhibition of β‐catenin/LEF1‐dependent activation of transformation‐inducing genes has been intensively studied and well established, regulation of APC expression at the protein level is only partially understood. Here we report that APC is up‐regulated by EDD, the mammalian orthologue of Drosophila melanogaster“hyperplastic discs” gene (hyd) that is considered to be a putative tumor suppressor. Screening of APC immunocomplexes by mass spectrometry identified EDD as a putative APC‐interacting protein. Exogenously expressed and endogenous APC interacted with EDD in vivo. Indirect immunofluorescent analyses demonstrated that APC and EDD co‐localized in the cytoplasm of the cell. Over‐expression of EDD enhanced the protein expression level of APC and its binding partner Axin, resulting in inhibition of Wnt signaling downstream of β‐catenin. Conversely, siRNA knock‐down of EDD down‐regulated APC at the protein level without altering its mRNA level, causing enhanced protein expression of β‐catenin. Thus, through protein–protein interaction, EDD stabilizes APC and up‐regulates APC's function to inhibit β‐catenin, suggesting that EDD could act as a colorectal tumor suppressor.
The Impact of Birth , Death and ReBirth Cycle on Progeny

Modern science founded on the notions of “scientific materialism” projects an illusion that the conceptual framework of essentially propped up by linear theories is an adequate model of nature’s non-linear processes. If physicists, evolutionists, biologists or in general scientists believe that analytical science in its present form would reveal all the secrets of “life, the universe and everything” they are perhaps misled. There is no harm in intellectual analysis. It is definitely a part of the way human mind operates. It is a powerful tool to comprehend a wide variety of natural patterns and processes. The key turning points in the development of scientific reasoning were Newton’s Gravity, Thermodynamics and Quantum Theory which injected the element of ‘chance’ into otherwise deterministic scientific analysis.
New therapeutic targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Cell Adhesion Molecules

The localisation of leukocytes to inflammatory areas is a finely regulated event that has key implications in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, including selectins and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is increased in intestinal microvessels in active IBD. Detection of up-regulated adhesion molecules can be used to define areas of inflammation by imaging techniques. Drugs that specifically target adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment are effective in the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Experimental studies have shown that blockade of VLA4, VCAM-1, and P-selectin afford significant amelioration of intestinal inflammation. VLA-4 immunoneutralisation has been shown to be effective in the treatment of human Crohn’s disease.
Innovación, propiedad intelectual y estrategias tecnológicas

La innovacion, los derechos de propiedad intelectual y las estrategias tecnologicas son los tres ejes tematicos de este ensayo. A traves de la reflexion y la relacion de los conceptos, el autor muestra como inciden en el ambito micro y macroeconomico del interes publico y privado de la sociedad, a su vez, toma en cuenta el papel que juega el Estado para estimular el proceso innovador
Robust visual tracking via deep discriminative model

In this paper, we exploit deep convolutional features for object appearance modeling and propose a simple while effective deep discriminative model (DDM) for visual tracking. The proposed DDM takes as input the deep features and outputs an object-background confidence map. Considering that both spatial information from lower convolutional layers and semantic information from higher layers benefit object tracking, we construct multiple deep discriminative models (DDMs) for each layer and combine these confidence maps from each layer to obtain the final object-background confidence map. To reduce the risk of model drift, we propose to adopt a saliency method to generate object candidates. Object tracking is then achieved by finding the candidate with the largest confidence value. Experiments on a large-scale tracking benchmark demonstrate that the propose method performs favorably against state-of-the-art trackers.
MetDisease - connecting metabolites to diseases via literature

MOTIVATION In recent years, metabolomics has emerged as an approach to perform large-scale characterization of small molecules in biological systems. Metabolomics posed a number of bioinformatics challenges associated in data analysis and interpretation. Genome-based metabolic reconstructions have established a powerful framework for connecting metabolites to genes through metabolic reactions and enzymes that catalyze them. Pathway databases and bioinformatics tools that use this framework have proven to be useful for annotating experimental metabolomics data. This framework can be used to infer connections between metabolites and diseases through annotated disease genes. However, only about half of experimentally detected metabolites can be mapped to canonical metabolic pathways. We present a new Cytoscape 3 plug-in, MetDisease, which uses an alternative approach to link metabolites to disease information. MetDisease uses Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) disease terms mapped to PubChem compounds through literature to annotate compound networks. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION MetDisease can be downloaded from http://apps.cytoscape. org/apps/metdisease or installed via the Cytoscape app manager. Further information about MetDisease can be found at http://metdisease.ncibi. org CONTACT akarnovs@med.umich. edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
muscle venules Erythrocyte margination and sedimentation in skeletal

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , August 1, 2001; 281 (2): H939-950. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol J. J. Bishop, A. S. Popel, M. Intaglietta and P. C. Johnson migration Effects of erythrocyte aggregation and venous network geometry on red blood cell axial [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January 1, 2004; 286 (1): H113-120. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol J. J. Bishop, P. R. Nance, A. S. Popel, M. Intaglietta and P. C. Johnson Relationship between erythrocyte aggregate size and flow rate in skeletal muscle venules [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , December 1, 2004; 287 (6): H2644-H2650. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol O. Yalcin, M. Uyuklu, J. K. Armstrong, H. J. Meiselman and O. K. Baskurt Graded alterations of RBC aggregation influence in vivo blood flow resistance
The Secondary Products Revolution: the past, the present and the future

Abstract Andrew Sherratt's (1981) model of the Secondary Products Revolution explored the effects of changes in the scale and nature of domestic animal exploitation on Old World societies. He proposed that the earliest domestic stock animals in the Near East (sheep, goat and cattle) were initially domesticated during the Neolithic for their primary products (meat, hide and bone), but that their more intensive exploitation for secondary animal products (milk, wool and traction) appeared in the Near East much later (during the Chalcolithic) and subsequently spread to surrounding regions (Europe and Asia). While the zooarchaeological evidence largely supports the model, questions have been raised about its veracity since there is evidence for pre-Chalcolithic exploitation of secondary products (e.g. ceramic lipid analyses). This paper summarizes past efforts to test the model, presents the results of recent research on the subject (e.g. artefactual, zooarchaeological and lipid analysis) and suggests directions for future research. Some of the discrepancies that have arisen between the archaeological, ceramic lipid and zooarchaeological data will be discussed.
Descontinuidade de programas Seis Sigma: um estudo comparativo de casos

Este articulo presenta un estudio sobre los factores que influencian la discontinuidad de programas de calidad Seis Sigma y como estos actuan en el contexto organizativo. Esta investigacion esta basada en un estudio multicaso realizado en una empresa del sector de manufactura de electronicos y en otra del sector de servicios de call center. Fueron realizados analisis intracaso e intercaso a partir de los datos provenientes de entrevistas y, como resultado, fueron identificados once factores que interfieren en diferentes grados en la discontinuidad del programa Seis Sigma. Entre ellos, cuatro tuvieron mayor relevancia: 1) falta de alineamiento del programa Seis Sigma con los objetivos estrategicos de la compania; 2) resultados y calidad de los proyectos y del programa abajo de la expectativa de la alta administracion; 3) poco envolvimiento de los lideres de la empresa con el programa; 4) momento de la empresa inadecuado para la adopcion del Seis Sigma. Se concluye, de la investigacion, que los resultados de los proyectos Seis Sigma son mas influenciados por los factores relacionados a la gestion y al liderazgo (soft factors) de que por los factores tecnicos, metodologicos o de infraestructura (hard factors). Este articulo tambien presenta una propuesta de un modelo conceptual que busca explicar como esos factores actuan y se interrelacionan hasta provocar la completa discontinuidad del programa Seis Sigma en la organizacion.
A current feedback adaptive biasing method for class-AB OTA cells

A procedure to obtain class-AB Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTA) from conventional class-A cells is presented. Application to a wide swing CMOS OTA is described. The results of simulations, based on a commercial process, are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and to illustrate its advantages and limitations.
Mechanical characterization of polysilicon through on-chip tensile tests

Two new types of on-chip tests have been designed in order to evaluate the elastic Young modulus and the fracture strength of polysilicon used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The former is a pure tension test, while the latter is a single-edge-notched tension test. The actuation in both tests is obtained by means of an ad hoc designed layout of parallel plates capacitors applying sufficiently high forces to reach significant strains in the tensile specimens and complete failure of the notched specimens. The pure tension tests on 20 specimens showed a low dispersion and gave a Young modulus for the polysilicon of 143 GPa. A total of 92 notched specimens were tested up to failure. The experimental results, supported by finite-element simulations, gave a value of the maximum stress for the notched specimens in the range 4144-4568 MPa.
Polarization Dependence of Modal Attraction in High Birefringence Bimodal Optical Fibers

We study nonlinear mode coupling among two intense and copropagating beams of different wavelength in bimodal and high birefringence optical fibers. With the proper design of the bimodal fiber, we show that this process may lead to modal attraction, where the modal distribution of light at a pump wavelength is replicated at the signal wavelength, independently of the input mode excitation conditions of the signal. We analyse the dependence of the efficiency of the modal attraction process upon the input state of polarization of both the signal and the pump beams.
Introduction to Distributed Algorithms

Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this introduction to distributed algorithms, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?
The prospective impact of sleep duration on depression and mania.

OBJECTIVE Many patients report sleeping less than 6 h per night during episodes of depression and mania. This type of sleep deficit may also be a risk factor for subsequent mood episodes; however, the long-term impact of sleep deficit remains unclear. The current study is among few longitudinal studies to assess the prospective effect of sleep deficit on depression and mania. METHODS A subsample of 54 individuals from a longitudinal study of bipolar I disorder was selected. Participants entered the study during a mood episode. Baseline symptom data were collected at month 4 to allow for recovery from the initial episode, sleep was assessed at month 6, and follow-up symptom data were obtained during months 7-12. RESULTS Sleep deficit predicted depressive symptoms across the 6-month follow-up but not mania. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that the impact of sleep deficit on mania was probably missed because assessments covered a full month. Monitoring sleep duration may help predict depression in bipolar disorder and provide an opportunity for targeting intervention.
Discours sur l'origine de l'univers

J'avais bien remarque la sortie de ce livre d'Etienne Klein l'annee derniere. Mais j'etais en plein dans l'histoire des Bogdanov dont j'ai suivi avec consternation les peregrinations mediatiques de promotion de leur bouquin. Dans l'une d'elles, il y avait Etienne Klein et Michel Casse, ce que j'avais trouve regrettable. Regrettable que des scientifiques se melent a leurs histoires fumeuses, leur donnant ainsi quelque caution par leur seule presence. Et puis je suis passe a autre chose, le monde a continue de (.)
Strength Training Does Not Affect the Accuracy of Force Gradation in an Isometric Force Task in Young Men

The aim of this study is to investigate potential differences in fine motor control between strength trained (ST) and non-strength trained (NT) individuals. By use of an isometric force production task, two groups, 20 ST (mean age 25.6, SD 4.9) and 19 NT (mean age 24.1, SD 2.9) male individuals, were measured on the ability to control forces with the muscles of their index finger. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was higher in ST than in NT group. Error and SD of the signal increased with increasing force levels in both groups. Despite higher absolute force levels of the ST group, SD and Error were the same in both groups for a given MVC percentage. Signal to noise ratio values showed inverted U-shapes for both groups, with no significant differences between groups on various force levels. The power spectral density analysis disclosed significant differences between groups, with more power in the lowest frequency band (1 - 6 Hz) for the ST group. It is concluded that strength training of arm muscles has no negative effect on the stability of sustained contractions of finger muscles. No evidence was found to support the notion of a loss in accuracy as a result of strength training.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Chinese Bayberry (Morella rubra, Myricaceae): Implications for Understanding the Evolution of Fagales

Morella rubra (Myricaceae), also known as Chinese bayberry, is an economically important, subtropical, evergreen fruit tree. The phylogenetic placement of Myricaceae within Fagales and the origin of Chinese bayberry’s domestication are still unresolved. In this study, we report the chloroplast (cp) genome of M. rubra and take advantage of several previously reported chloroplast genomes from related taxa to examine patterns of evolution in Fagales. The cp genomes of three M. rubra individuals were 159,478, 159,568, and 159.586 bp in length, respectively, comprising a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,014–26,069 bp) separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region (88,683–88,809 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC) region (18,676–18,767 bp). Each cp genome encodes the same 111 unique genes, consisting of 77 different protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes and four ribosomal RNA genes, with 18 duplicated in the IRs. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from four representative Fagales families revealed the loss of infA and the pseudogenization of ycf15 in all analyzed species, and rpl22 has been pseudogenized in M. rubra and Castanea mollissima, but not in Juglans regia or Ostrya rehderiana. The genome size variations are detected mainly due to the length of intergenic spacers rather than gene loss, gene pseudogenization, IR expansion or contraction. The phylogenetic relationships yielded by the complete genome sequences strongly support the placement of Myricaceae as sister to Juglandaceae. Furthermore, seven cpDNA markers (trnH-psbA, psbA-trnK, rps2-rpoC2, ycf4-cemA, petD-rpoA, ndhE-ndhG, and ndhA intron) with relatively high levels of variation and variable cpSSR loci were identified within M. rubra, which will be useful in future research characterizing the population genetics of M. rubra and investigating the origin of domesticated Chinese bayberry.