Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antimalarial and Anti-hypoglycemic Properties of Siamese Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

The present study has been carried out to investigate antimalarial and anti-hypoglycemic activities of leaf aqueous crude extract of Siamese neem tree (Azadirachta indica) against Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Groups of ICR mice were treated orally with Siamese neem tree extract (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) after infection with P. berghei ANKA. Parasitemia and blood glucose levels were determined. At these doses, Siamese neem tree extract inhibited parasitemia in dose-dependent manner with significance (P < 0.05). In addition, anti-hypoglycemic activity has been observed in infected mice treated with Siamese neem tree extracts. In particularly, the highest activities of Siamese neem tree extract were found at dose 2000 mg/kg. These results indicated that leaf aqueous crude extract of Siamese neem tree have antimalarial and anti-hypoglycemic activities against P. berghei ANKA infected mice.
Construction apprentices’ attitudes to workplace drug testing in Ireland

Abstract Ireland has become one of the first European countries to legislate for workplace drug testing. However, little is known about the attitudes of Irish workers towards various aspects of workplace drug testing programmes. This paper aims to address this matter by presenting the findings of a survey of construction apprentices and their attitudes to workplace drug testing. The results indicate that under some circumstances there is approval for tests; testing with advance warning is preferred to random testing. In addition, the practice of workplace drug testing in a company would not deter most respondents from applying for a position there. However, attitudes towards most aspects of drug testing – such as the need for random testing, the right of employers to test for drugs, and infringement of personal rights – are characterised by extreme variability. Higher self-reported frequency of alcohol and drug use, particularly of cannabis, was associated with more negative reactions towards workplace drug testing. The implications of implementing workplace drug testing programmes are discussed.
Significant groundwater contribution to Antarctic ice streams hydrologic budget

Satellite observations have revealed active hydrologic systems beneath Antarctic ice streams, but sources and sinks of water within these systems are uncertain. Here we use numerical simulations of ice streams to estimate the generation, flux, and budget of water beneath five ice streams on the Siple Coast. We estimate that 47% of the total hydrologic input (0.98 km3 yr−1) to Whillans (WIS), Mercer (MIS), and Kamb (KIS) ice streams comes from the ice sheet interior and that only 8% forms by local basal melting. The remaining 45% comes from a groundwater reservoir, an overlooked source in which depletion significantly exceeds recharge. Of the total input to Bindschadler (BIS) and MacAyeal (MacIS) ice streams (0.56 km3 yr−1), 72% comes from the interior, 19% from groundwater, and 9% from local melting. This contrasting hydrologic setting modulates the ice streams flow and has important implications for the search for life in subglacial lakes.
Corallivorous Reef Fishes as Potential Vectors of Coral Disease Based on a Study of Dietary Preferences

The prevalence of coral disease appears to be increasing worldwide, although little is known about how these diseases are transmitted between coral colonies. To examine whether corallivorous fishes could potentially act as disease vectors, this study examined whether and which fish species feed on diseased coral, and whether these fishes actively target diseased coral sections. Branches of Acropora muricata with brown band disease were filmed in the field, and bites taken by fishes on different sections of the coral (live tissue, tissue margin, disease band, dead skeleton, and algae) were recorded. For each fish species, electivity indices were calculated for each coral section to determine feeding preferences. Additionally, feeding preferences for diseased or healthy coral fragments were determined for the corallivorous butterflyfish Chaetodon lunulatus and wrasse Labrichthys unilineatus in aquaria. Many fishes, including non-corallivores, consumed diseased coral and exhibited a preference for the disease band and adjacent live tissue margin. Butterflyfishes, including C. lunulatus, and particularly Chaetodon aureofasciatus, showed a strong preference for the tissue margin, while L. unilineatus showed a clear preference for the disease band. The obligate corallivores (Chaetodon spp. and L. unilineatus) are most likely to act as disease vectors, as they were the only fishes to feed substantially on live tissue in addition to the disease band, and they are known to repeatedly feed on multiple coral colonies in their territories. The non-corallivores are unlikely to be spreading disease, and may actually slow the disease progression by selectively consuming brown band ciliates.
Experienced poker players differ from inexperienced poker players in estimation bias and decision bias

This paper investigates the similarity or difference in cognitive bias on a poker task between experienced poker players (EPPs) and inexperienced poker players (IPPs). EPPs were compared with IPPs on probability estimation (estimation bias) and choice (decision bias). It was hypothesized that EPPs would have lower estimation bias and lower decision bias compared with IPPs, and that a player’s level of experience could be identified from gambling behavior. Results indicate that EPPs significantly overestimated accepted gambles, but had significantly smaller estimation bias and decision bias compared with IPPs. All players could accurately be classified as “experienced” or “inexperienced” based on their estimation bias and decision bias. It is concluded that EPPs have significantly lower estimation bias and decision bias than do IPPs on the poker task presented in this research study. Despite significantly higher overestimation, EPPs make better decisions than IPPs. These findings are posited to have implications for the study of cognitive bias in pathological gambling and addiction.
A modification of the zeta potential of copper sulphide by the application of a magnetic field in order to improve particle settling

treating industrial waste streams with high residual concentration of mixed metal ions and acid mine drainage. This process has been reported to achieve higher metal removal compared with the industrially prevalent lime precipitation, due to the sparingly soluble nature of the metal sulphide precipitates formed. However, precipitation is governed by high levels of supersaturation which favour the formation of fine particles (Lewis, 2010). Consequently, some of the metal sulphide fines formed exhibit slow settling dynamics and thus tend to remain suspended in solution. The formation of fines, which reduces the efficiency of gravitational solid-liquid separation, is encountered in the mining industry. As a result, in most mining processes, large tanks to which chemical flocculant is added are required. Improving the settling characteristics of such fines without the addition of chemical flocculant would reduce both the settling time and volume required for settling. As a result, there is a need to investigate post-precipitation techniques that may improve the settling characteristics of such fines. Commonly, fines suspended in solution are referred to as stable colloids. Colloidal stability may be attributed to strong interparticle electrostatic repulsive forces that hinder aggregation (Park et al., 2010). When an electrolyte solution is in contact with another phase, such as a solid, gas, or another liquid immiscible with the electrolyte, a spontaneous redistribution of ions between the two phases takes place (Derjaguin, Churaev, and Muller, 1987). It follows that surfaces acquire a surface electric charge when brought into contact with a polar medium such as water. According to Derjaguin, Churaev, and Muller (1987) and Shiebl, Babick, and Stintz 2012), this charge may be acquired through surface ionization, ion adsorption, and ion dissolution. The mechanism behind this acquisition of charge is as follows: a cloud of counter-ions forms around the charged particle in solution, creating an electro-neutral counter-ion complex (Haung et al., 1999; Velev and Bhatt, 2006). The ions in the fluid layer closest to the particle surface are strongly attracted to the substrate and are hence immobile. This is known as the Stern layer. Co-ions are repelled by the particle surface. However, they exist in the diffuse layer where both co-ions and counter-ions are found as mobile ions that are adsorbed in equilibrium with one another. Collectively, the particle surface, Stern layer, and diffuse layer make up the electric double layer (Derjaguin, Churaev, and Muller, 1987). Within the electric double layer, the A modification of the zeta potential of copper sulphide by the application of a magnetic field in order to improve particle settling
Analisis penerapan standar akuntansi keuangan entitas mikro, kecil, dan menengah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyusunan laporan keuangan Koperasi Kredit (Credit Union Petemai Urip) dalam menyusun laporan keuangannya sesuai dengan Standar Akuntansi Entitas Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode perbandingan neraca dan laporan laba rugi. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa penyajian laporan keuangan koperasi kurang tepat dan koperasi masih menyusun laporan keuangan secara sederhana. Terdapat beberapa transaksi yang tidak tercatat dalam laporan neraca koperasi dan pada laporan laba rugi koperasi. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa pencatatan, penilaian dan penyajian atas laporan keuangan Koperasi Kredit (Credit Union Petemai Urip) yaitu neraca dan laba rugi masih belum sesuai dengan SAK EMKM, dan entitas yang laporan keuangannya mematuhi SAK EMKM harus membuat suatu pernyataan eksplisit dan secara penuh atas kepatuhan tersebut dalam catatan atas laporan keuangannya
Knowledge externalities and firm heterogeneity: Effects on high and low growth firms

Knowledge externalities affect high and low growth firms differently. This paper develops two theoretical arguments. The knowledge equilibrium argument postulates that knowledge externalities weaken high growth firms for the benefit of low growth firms until performance differences vanish. The knowledge competition argument proposes that high growth firms are better positioned to identify, attract, and integrate knowledge, thereby expanding the performance gap between high and low growth firms. Based on 188,936 observations of 32,736 Swedish firms from 2004 to 2011, it is analysed whether knowledge externalities enable high growth firms to surge ahead or low growth firms to catch up. Las externalidades del conocimiento afectan de manera diferente a las empresas de alto y bajo crecimiento. Este articulo desarrolla dos argumentos teoricos. El argumento del equilibrio del conocimiento postula que las externalidades del conocimiento debilitan a las empresas de alto crecimiento en beneficio de las empresas de bajo crecimiento hasta que desaparecen las diferencias de rendimiento. El argumento de la competencia por el conocimiento propone que las empresas de alto crecimiento estan en una mejor posicion para identificar, atraer e integrar el conocimiento, ampliando asi la brecha de rendimiento entre las empresas de alto y bajo crecimiento. Se emplean 188.936 observaciones de 32.736 empresas suecas entre 2004 y 2011 como la bases para analizar si las externalidades del conocimiento permiten que las empresas de alto crecimiento se adelanten o que las de bajo crecimiento se pongan a la altura. 知識の外部性は、成長率が高い企業と低い企業によって異なる影響を及ぼす。 本稿では2つの議論を展開する。 「知識均衡論 (knowledge equilibrium argument)」は、知識の外部性が、高成長企業と低成長企業の業績の差がなくなるまで、低成長企業に利益を与えて高成長企業を弱らせることを前提とする。 「知識競争論 (knowledge competition argument)」は、高成長企業は、認知度、魅力、知識の統合において優位であり、それによって低成長企業との業績の差を拡大するという理論である。 2004年~2011年のスウェーデンの32,736の企業に対する188,936件の調査を基に、知識の外部性が高成長企業の成長を更に促進するのか、または低成長企業が追い上げるのを可能にするのか否かを分析する。
Reconstructions of Einstein-Aether Gravity from Ordinary and Entropy-Corrected Versions of Holographic and New Agegraphic Dark Energy Models

Here we briefly discuss the Einstein-Aether gravity theory by modification of Einstein-Hilbert action. We find the modified Friedmann equations and then from the equations we find the effective density and pressure for Einstein-Aether gravity sector. These can be treated as if dark energy provided some restrictions on the free function , where is proportional to . Assuming two types of the power law solutions of the scale factor, we have reconstructed the unknown function from HDE and NADE and their entropy-corrected versions (ECHDE and ECNADE). We also obtain the EoS parameter for Einstein-Aether gravity dark energy. For HDE and NADE, we have shown that the type I scale factor generates the quintessence scenario only and type II scale factor generates phantom scenario. But for ECHDE and ECNADE, both types of scale factors can accommodate the transition from quintessence to phantom stages; that is, phantom crossing is possible for entropy-corrected terms of HDE and NADE models. Finally, we show that the models are classically unstable.
Marine Biogeochemical Modeling: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

One of the central objectives of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) is to use data from the extensive field programs to evaluate and improve numerical ocean carbon-cycle models. Substantial improvements are required if we are to achieve a better understanding of present-day biogeochemical properties and processes in the ocean and to predict potential future responses to perturbations resulting from human activities. We have made significant progress in this regard and expect even greater strides over the next decade as the synthesis of JGOFS data sets is completed and disseminated to the broader scientific community.
MODIFICATION OF 10 CGY NEUTRON OR GAMMA-RAYS INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGES BY HYPERTHERMIA: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Background: To evaluate the effects of hyperthermia (HT) on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by a low dose of neutron or Y-rays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were exposed to HT (41.5 degrees C for 30 and 60min, 43 degrees C for 15 and 30min), 10 cGy neutron or Y-rays, HT + neutron/Y, and neutron/Y + HT. After standard cell culture, harvesting, fixation and staining, the chromosomal damages were scored in metaphase plates. Results: HT alone at 41.5 degrees C did not induce chromatid or chromosome aberrations, however, the frequency of damages was significantly higher at 43 C (P<0.05). Furthermore, the chromosomal damages was significantly different when cells were irradiated with neutron or Y-rays alone (P<0.01). HT 1 hr post neutron/Y irradiation significantly induced higher chromosome damages in comparison to HT 1 hr before irradiation (P<0.05). The chromosomal damages were remarkably higher when cells were irradiated with neutron then heated at 43 C for 30 min. Conclusion: Since increasing frequency of chromosome damages increases probability of cell death, application of HT after neutron irradiation (instead of X- or gamma- rays) might be considered as a procedure for cells killing in radiotherapy. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009; 7 (2): 69-77
Hydroxylation of Metal-Supported Sheet-Like Silica Films

Adsorption of water on a metal-supported sheet-like silica film was studied by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). As expected, the silica surface is essentially hydrophobic. Hydroxo species, primarily in the form of isolated silanols (Si–OH), were observed only upon water condensation at low temperatures and subsequent heating above 200 K. The amounts of silanol species account for less than a few percent of the surface Si atoms, and they are found to be thermally stable up to 900 K. Isotopic experiments showed that hydroxyls form almost exclusively from the adsorbed water molecules and do not undergo scrambling with the lattice oxygen atoms upon heating. Steps within the silica sheet, due to a terraced topography and/or the presence of “holes”, are proposed as the active sites for hydroxylation. The acidic properties of silanol species were studied with CO and NH3 as probe molecules. In the case of ammonia, an H–D exchange reaction was observed.
A Stratified Temporal Spectral Mixture Analysis Model for Mapping Cropland Distribution through MODIS Time-Series Data

The aim of study was to develop a stratified temporal spectral mixture analysis (STSMA) for cropland area estimation using MODIS time-series data to address the mixed pixel problem caused from coarse resolution. The proposed method used thematic map from MODIS classification as prior knowledge to determine the endmember set for each sub-region input into SMA model. The results indicated the STSMA method performing better in estimating the cropland land. RMSE s (from 0.25 to 010), R 2 s (from 0.65 to 0.89) and bias (0.02), used as three accuracy assessment parameters, and STSMA obtained higher overall accuracy in the entire study area, at individual pixel scale to 0.10 at 10×10 pixels scale, representing higher performance compared to the conventional spectral mixture analysis (SMA) method at each pixel scale. In single-season crop, dual-season crop, natural vegetation and non-vegetation dominated landscape, the similar success from STSMA is also achieved because the suitable endmember set was set for the proposed model to ensure the accuracy of cropland estimation to address the conventional SMA colinearity problem at some degree.
Selection of food sources by Ruditapes philippinarum and Mactra veneriformis (Bivalva: Mollusca) determined from stable isotope analysis

: Carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios in the body of the bivalves Ruditapes philippinarum and Mactra veneriformis were measured to estimate the role of the bivalves in the ecosystem in an estuary. The isotopic signatures were compared with those obtained from particulate organic matter (POM) in the middle reach of the river, in the estuary, and off the estuary. Both the bivalves showed constant δ13C and δ15N values of approximately −17 and 10 that were significantly enriched compared with those for POM in the habitat (−25 and 4). The relative contributions of terrestrial organic matter to the POM in the habitat and to the bivalve diet were estimated: the former was approximately 90% while the latter approximately 10%. This indicates that the bivalves select marine POM from the organic matter available in their habitat, and play a minor role in the direct removal of terrestrial particulate matter. Temporal changes in δ13C and δ15N for both bivalves were small, but a distinct decrease in δ13C was observed following a period of heavy rain. During rainfall the concentration of terrestrial material increased in the habitat, and the bivalves would then have to change their food sources temporarily.
Mid-IR observations of circumstellar disks I. Pre-main sequence objects

We present new N-band photometry and spectroscopy for a sample of eight pre-main sequence stars including T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be stars and FU Ori objects using the ESO TIMMI2 camera at the La Silla observatory (Chile). For some objects this is their first N-band spectroscopic observation ever. The FU Ori stars V 346 Nor, V 883 Ori and Z CMa show a broad absorption band which we attribute to silicates, while for BBW 76 we find silicate emission. A comparison with ISO-SWS spectra of V 346 Nor and Z CMa taken in 1996/1997 reveals no differences in spectral shape. All T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars possess N-band emission features. We model the emission spectra with a mixture of silicates consisting of different grain sizes and composition. The Herbig Ae star HD 34282 shows strong features of PAHs but none of silicate, while the emission spectrum of the Herbig Ae star HD 72106 resembles those of solar-system comets and known Herbig sources of evolved dust. We demonstrate that HD 72106 is host to highly processed silicates and find evidence for enstatite, which is not common in young objects. Evolved dust is also seen in the T Tauri stars HD 98800 and MP Mus. We further detected MP Mus at 1200 µm with the bolometer array SIMBA at the SEST in La Silla. The findings of our analysis are given in the context of previous dust studies of young stellar objects.
Optimal Asset Divestments with Homogeneous Products

We study alternative market power mitigation measures in a homogeneous goods industry where productive assets have asymmetric costs. We characterise the asset divestment by a dominant firm which achieves the greatest reduction in prices (taking the size of the divestment as given). The optimal divestment entails the sale of assets whose costs are close to the post-divestment price (i.e. they are price-setting). A divestment of this type can be several times more effective in reducing prices than divestments of low-cost assets. We also establish that virtual divestments (often employed in the power industry) are at best equivalent to low-cost divestments in terms of their impact on consumer welfare, and cannot replicate the optimal divestment.
Food composition and feeding ecology of the Red Fox Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) in Egypt

Food composition of the Red Fox Vulpes vulpes populations in different habitats in Egypt is investigated based on the analysis of stomach contents. The analysis of 70 stomach contents demonstrates that the food of Red Fox is highly diverse and includes rodents, birds, reptiles, fishes, insects and other arthropods, fruits and other vegetable material. Certain individuals seem to also feed on carrion. Diet composition shows seasonal and geographical variations that are apparently associated with changes in the availability of different food items. The results clearly show that the Red Fox is an opportunistic omnivore, capable of adapting to a great variety of dietary compositions.
Coupling dense and dilute granular flows in a high shear Mi-Pro granulator

A multi regime system has been modelled in a high-shear MiPro granulator using the EulerianEulerian framework. The rheology of the granular material has been studied applying Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF) for dilute regimes and a rheology model for dense regimes (Jop et al., 2006). Experimens were conducted to validate and study the accuracy of the model. The velocity profiles were successfully obtained using a high speed camera and PIV analysis. In general, the highest values of both tangential and axial velocity were found in the region neighboring the impeller blades, showing that the velocity distribution depends on the impeller position. The partial slip conditions at the boundaries of the system were also evaluated based on experimental data. An over–prediction of the velocity was found; however, the model has shown an improvement making it a good replacement for Schaeffer’s extension of KTGF in dense regimes.
Fuzzy Entropy Relevance Analysis in DWT and EMD for BCI Motor Imagery Applications

Rhythm analysis in advanced signal processing methods has long of interest in application areas such as diagnosis of brain disorders, epilepsy, sleep or anesthesia analysis, and more recently in brain computer interfaces. In this paper the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) techniques are applied to extract the brain rhythms from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals in motor imagination tasks, of left-and right hand, using public dataset BCI Competition 2003. Then the brain rhythms are characterized by statistical features. Additionally, fuzzy entropy algorithm was used to perform the relevance analysis to determine the most important features in the training set. Classification stage was performed using K-NN classifiers and SVM, obtaining classification accuracy up to 100% with EMD. Classification results allow us to infer that the techniques used are appropriate to generate solutions in BCI applications for recognizing motor imagination in people with motor disabilities.