Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Effects of Antidiabetic Drugs on Heart Rate, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure

A model‐based meta‐analysis was performed with reported data from obese subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to characterize the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, gastric inhibitory polypeptides (GIPs), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP1), and dual GIP/GLP1 agonists, or a combination of these antidiabetic drugs (ADs) on heart rate (HR), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). A systematic literature search and review after the Cochrane method identified sources for investigational and approved ADs resulted in a comprehensive database with data from 178 clinical studies in obese subjects and patients with T2DM. Results indicated that there were AD class‐dependent effects on HR and SBP, whereas no clear AD‐related effects on DBP were found. All AD classes, except for DPP4 inhibitors, increased HR. The largest increase of 12 bpm was seen with GLP1 receptor agonists. All AD classes appeared to decrease SBP. DPP4 inhibitors were associated with a marginal decrease of ~ 1 mmHg, whereas GLP1 and GIP/GLP1 dual agonists exhibited the largest decrease of ~ 3 mmHg in SBP. AD‐related effects were similar in obese subjects and patients with T2DM. In conclusion, there are clinically relevant AD‐related effects on both HR and SBP, but not on DBP. DPP4 inhibitors are associated with the smallest (if at all) effects on HR and SBP, whereas GLP1 inhibitors exhibited the largest effects on these two cardiovascular end points. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate how AD‐related SBP decreases combined with HR increases affect long‐term cardiovascular mortality.
Sex Differences in Gender‐Diverse Expressions and Identities among Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

A growing body of evidence supports a potential link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gender dysphoria, yet few studies have looked at sex differences in the co‐occurrence of gender diversity and ASD. The aim of this study was to characterize sex differences in gender‐diverse expressions and identities, as well as gender‐related concerns, in youth with ASD. Parents of youth with ASD ages 6–21 (n = 163) completed an online questionnaire about their child's gender expression and identity. Sex‐typed behaviors during childhood were measured using the Gender Identity Questionnaire (GIQ). Semi‐partial Kendall correlations and chi‐square tests were used to compare gender non‐conformity, gender‐diverse identities, and gender‐related concerns between sexes. Sex‐based differences in mean GIQ score and individual GIQ items were evaluated using a linear regression and semi‐partial Kendall correlations, respectively. All regressions and correlations controlled for child age. Parents of girls were more likely to report child appearances and mannerisms that were less concordant with their child's birth sex. Based on parent‐report, girls had lower mean GIQ scores, indicating greater cross‐gendered/fewer same‐gendered behaviors in childhood. Lastly, parents of girls with ASD were more likely to report that their daughters experienced anxiety due to gender‐related concerns and discomfort during puberty than parents of boys. These findings suggest that girls with ASD seem more likely have gender‐diverse preferences, mannerisms, and appearances that fall outside of traditional gender norms. Gender‐related concerns appear to be a source of real distress in girls with ASD, highlighting the need for individualized support, especially during puberty.
Recommended Search of Documents from Conversation with Relevant Keywords Using Text Similarity

– Data Mining is the procedure of extracting information from huge sets of data. Natural Language Processing is the capability of a computer program that understands the human speech when spoken. Applications of Natural Language Processing are automatic summarization and information retrieval. The keyword extraction and clustering from each short conversation fragment is used to retrieve a small number of relevant documents that can be recommended to participants. Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling technique is used to extract topics and keywords from the Automatic Speech Recognition System. This method is used to derive multiple topically separated queries from the keyword set to maximize the chance of recommendation from the dataset. The word co-occurrence similarity and semantic distance evaluation techniques are introduced to increase the relevant search of keywords to retrieve documents in short duration. The explicit query formulation is introduced to retrieve documents as recommended by users.
Microscale heterogeneity of the soil nitrogen cycling microbial functional structure and potential metabolism.

Soil aggregates, with complex spatial and nutritional heterogeneity, are clearly important for regulating microbial community ecology and biogeochemistry in soils. However, how the taxonomic composition and functional attributes of N-cycling-microbes within different soil particle-size fractions under a long-term fertilization treatment remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the composition and metabolic potential for urease activity, nitrification, N2 O production and reduction of the microbial communities attached to different sized soil particles (2000-250, 250-53 and <53μm) using a functional gene microarray (GeoChip) and functional assays. We found that urease activity and nitrification were higher in <53μm fractions, whereas N2 O production and reduction rates were greater in 2000-250 and 250-53μm across different fertilizer regimes. The abundance of key N-cycling genes involved in anammox, ammonification, assimilatory and dissimilatory N reduction, denitrification, nitrification, and N2 -fixation detected by GeoChip increased as soil aggregate size decreased; and the particular key genes abundance (e.g., ureC, amoA, narG, nirS/K) and their corresponding activity were uncoupled. Aggregate fraction exerted significant impacts on N-cycling microbial taxonomic composition, which was significantly shaped by soil nutrition. Taken together, these findings indicate the important roles of soil aggregates in differentiating N-cycling metabolic potential and taxonomic composition, and provide empirical evidence that nitrogen metabolism potential and community are uncoupled due to aggregate heterogeneity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Determination of the Chemical Compositions of Fine titanium Carbide and Niobium Carbide Precipitates in Isothermally Aged Ferritic Steel by Atom Probe Tomography Analysis

Abstract The carbon (C) ratios, namely the atomic ratios of C/(C + M), in nano-sized coherent MC precipitates (M = Ti, Nb) with the NaCl-type (B1) structure in ferritic steels, which had been isothermally aged at 580 °C, were investigated using atom probe tomography (APT). Considering the influences of the trajectory aberration, detection loss, and peak overlap, we determined the C ratios to be ~0.40 and ~0.45 for an equivalent volume diameter of 1.5–5 nm and 1–5 nm for the TiC and NbC precipitates, respectively, suggesting that there is a considerable fraction of C vacancies in both nano-sized precipitates. The apparent C ratios show significant scatter with decreasing particle size, while the apparent mean C ratios of very fine TiC particles, smaller than 1.5 nm, decreased with decreasing particle size. With the use of one of the latest APT instruments with a high detection efficiency, the scattering in the apparent C ratios was reduced because the counting statistics were improved; however, the artificial enrichment of C atoms to particular crystallographic directions of ferrite hindered the determination of the C ratio for very fine TiC particles smaller than 1.5 nm.
Fibrosis progression rate in a systematic review of placebo‐treated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Liver fibrosis is the critical determinant of liver‐related outcomes in persons with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The rate that fibrosis develops determines the time taken to reach cirrhosis and consequent clinical outcomes. Estimates of the fibrosis progression rate (FPR) are uncertain having been defined in small observational series that rely largely on nonstandardised repeat biopsy in selected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FPR in placebo‐treated participants with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
Első tapasztalataink diabeteses maculopathia Navilas ® 577s mikropulzuslézer-készülékkel történő kezelésével First experiences with Navilas ® 577s micropulse laser in the treatment of diabetic maculopathy

Navilas ® 577s micropulse Laser treatment was navigated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular thickness map in subthreshold micropulse mode at one occasion. Data from visual acuity testing, retinal thickness, and the number of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections needed 6 months before and after treatment were registered. At the end of the follow-up, digital fundus photography and OCT radial scans were performed to evaluate any possible anatomical changes. 30 previous anti-VEGF treatment for central macular edema, in 16 we performed the laser as of the follow-up, no retinal observed (p>0.05). On the other hand, in the anti-VEGF pretreated group the number of injections decreased sig-nificantly from 2.63 ± 1.18 to 0.5 ± 0.73 (p<0.001). We did not find any pigmentary changes or visible signs of scaring on final fundus photography pictures or OCT radial scans. Conclusion: Navilas ® 577s subthreshold microsecond laser proved to be a safe option in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. It can be very useful in anti-VEGF treated eyes by decreasing the number of injections needed.
CLINICAL SPASTICITY ASSESSMENT USING THE MODIFIED TARDIEU SCALE DOES NOT REFLECT JOINT ANGULAR VELOCITY OR RANGE OF MOTION DURING WALKING: ASSESSMENT TOOL IMPLICATIONS

Objective Spasticity assessment is often used to guide treatment decision-making. Assessment tool limitations may influence the conflicting evidence surrounding the relationship between spasticity and walking. This study investigated whether testing speeds and joint angles during a Modified Tardieu assessment matched lower-limb angular velocity and range of motion during walking. Design Observational study. Subjects Thirty-five adults with a neurological condition and 34 assessors. Methods The Modified Tardieu Scale was completed. Joint angles and peak testing speed during V3 (fast) trials were compared with the same variables during walking in healthy people, at 0.40–0.59, 0.60–0.79 and 1.40–1.60 m/s. The proportion of trials in which the testing speed, start angle, and angle of muscle reaction matched the relevant joint angles and angular velocity during walking were analysed. Results The Modified Tardieu Scale was completed faster than the angular velocities seen during walking in 88.7% (0.40–0.59 m/s), 78.9% (0.60– 0.79 m/s) and 56.2% (1.40–1.60 m/s) of trials. When compared with the normative dataset, 4.2%, 9.5% and 13.7% of the trials met all criteria for each respective walking speed. Conclusion When applied according to the standardized procedure and compared with joint angular velocity during walking, clinicians performed the Modified Tardieu Scale too quickly. LAY ABSTRACT Spasticity is an abnormal increase in muscle tightness, which is common following neurological injury. Spasticity has been shown to have a profound impact on an individual’s independence and quality of life. The main goal reported by patients in this population is to return to independent, normal walking. Yet, despite this there is a lack of consensus regarding the relationship between spasticity and walking outcomes. This may be due to a disconnect between clinical, bed-based assessment methods and how spasticity manifests during walking. This study aimed to establish how well a routine clinical assessment (the Modified Tardieu Scale) matched the speed and range of joint movement during walking. The findings suggest that, currently, clinicians performed the assessment too fast, which may lead to “false-positive” assessment findings. This may result in the identification and treatment of spasticity that is not impacting walking, leading to sub-optimal patient outcomes and significant healthcare wastage.
The ratio FEV1/FVC and its association to respiratory symptoms—A Swedish general population study

Chronic airflow limitation (CAL) can be defined as fixed ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.70 after bronchodilation. It is unclear which is the most optimal ratio in relation to respiratory morbidity. The aim was to investigate to what extent different ratios of FEV1/FVC were associated with any respiratory symptom. In a cross‐sectional general population study, 15,128 adults (50–64 years of age), 7,120 never‐smokers and 8,008 ever‐smokers completed a respiratory questionnaire and performed FEV1 and FVC after bronchodilation. We calculated different ratios of FEV1/FVC from 0.40 to 1.0 using 0.70 as reference category. We analysed odds ratios (OR) between different ratios and any respiratory symptom using adjusted multivariable logistic regression. Among all subjects, regardless of smoking habits, the lowest odds for any respiratory symptom was at FEV1/FVC = 0.82, OR 0.48 (95% CI 0.41–0.56). Among never‐smokers, the lowest odds for any respiratory symptom was at FEV1/FVC = 0.81, OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.41–0.70). Among ever‐smokers, the odds for any respiratory symptom was lowest at FEV1/FVC = 0.81, OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.16–1.19), although the rate of inclining in odds was small in the upper part, that is FEV1/FVC = 0.85 showed similar odds, OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.38–0.55). We concluded that the odds for any respiratory symptoms continuously decreased with higher FEV1/FVC ratios and reached a minimum around 0.80–0.85, with similar results among never‐smokers. These results indicate that the optimal threshold associated with respiratory symptoms may be higher than 0.70 and this should be further investigated in prospective longitudinal studies.
Transport in Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes III. Model Validation in a Simple Fuel-Cell Model

The previously developed mathematical model, based on our physical model, is validated by comparing simulations to experiments. The mathematical model is placed within a simple pseudo-two-dimensional fuel-cell (FC) model. The comparisons mainly involve the net flux of water per proton in the membrane. In the complete FC model, there is only one fitting parameter, the transport coefficient (effective permeability) of the diffusion media, and it is fit at only one simulation condition for each FC setup. The simulations agree very well with both values and trends taken from various literature sources under many different operating conditions, including pressure, temperature, current density, and inlet humidification and stoichiometry. Furthermore, the model allows for an explanation of those trends. The sensitivity and the details of the mathematical model are also examined. Overall, the mathematical model and the physical model are validated and shown to be generally applicable for describing water transport in a polymer-electrolyte membrane.
[Effects and Mechanism of PARP Inhibitor Olaparib on the Expression of NKG2D Ligands in HL-60 Cells].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effects of Olaparib on natural killer cell activating receptor (NKG2D) ligands expression on human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line HL-60, and to explore the molecular mechanism of Olaparib on HL-60 cells. METHODS After HL-60 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with Olaparib at different concentrations for different times (24, 48 h), the expression of NKG2D ligand on the surface of HL-60 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to dectect the expression of ERK expression in HL-60 cells. The killing effect of NK cells to HL-60 cells was detected by CFSE/PI method. RESULTS 10 μmol/L Olaparib could upregulate the expression of NKG2D ligand on the surface of HL-60 cell at 24 and 48 hours, while 5 μmol/L Olaparib could induce up-regulation of the expression of ULBP-2 and ULBP-3 at 48 hours. Western blot analysis showed that ERK phosphorylation of HL-60 cells was enhanced after treating with Olaparib. The killing effect of NK cells to HL-60 cells could be enhanced by Olaparib, however, ERK inhibitor could suppress the killing effect of NK cells to HL-60 cells. CONCLUSION Olaparib can upregulate NKG2D ligands expression on the surface of HL-60 cells and enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cell to HL-60 cells. The mechanism may be related to Olaparib promoting ERK phosphorylation expression.
Skin friction reduction in supersonic flow by injection through slots, porous sections and combinations of the two

An experimental study of skin friction reduction in a Mach 3.0 air steam with gaseous injection through a tangential slot, a porous wall section, and combinations of the two was conducted. The primary data obtained were wall shear values measured directly with a floating element balance and also inferred from Preston Tube measurements. Detailed profiles at several axial stations, wall pressure distributions and schlieren photographs are presented. The data indicate that a slot provides the greatest skin friction reduction in comparison with a reference flat plate experiment. The porous wall section arrangement suffers from an apparent roughness-induced rise in skin friction at low injection rates compared to the flat plate. The combination schemes demonstrated a potential for gain.
The enhancement of Th1 immune response by anti-PD-L1 antibody in cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic enteritis of ruminants. Previous studies have shown that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is associated with the disease progression, and PD-L1 blockade activates MAP-specific Th1 responses in vitro. Here, we performed anti-PD-L1 antibody administration using 2 MAP-infected cattle at the late subclinical stage of infection. After administration, bacterial shedding was reduced or maintained at a low level. Additionally, MAP-specific Th1 cytokine production was upregulated, and CD69 expression was increased in T cells. Collectively, the treatment has a potential as a novel control method against Johne’s disease.
Synthesis and Size Control of Pt Nanocubes with High Selectivity Using the Additive Effect of NaI

The synthesis and size control of Pt nanocubes stabilized by polyacrylic acid sodium salt (PAA) were carried out by varying the reaction temperature and the growth rate between the {111} and (100) faces with the addition of Nal; the shape selectivity was about 70-80%; and the cubic size was controllable between 7.5-10.5 nm.
Phase II, Multicenter, Single-Arm, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Panobinostat in Combination with Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Japanese Patients with Relapsed or Relapsed-and-Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Introduction: Panobinostat, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination therapy demonstrated progression-free survival (PFS) benefit over bortezomib and dexamethasone alone in the PANORAMA-1 study in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we present data from a phase II study (NCT02290431) of this combination in Japanese patients with relapsed or relapsed-and-refractory MM. Methods: Patients received 3-week cycles of 20-mg oral panobinostat (weeks 1 and 2), 1.3-mg/m2 subcutaneous bortezomib (days 1, 4, 8, and 11), and 20-mg oral dexamethasone (day of and the day following bortezomib administration) for a total of 8 cycles (24 weeks; treatment phase 1). Patients with treatment benefit had an option to enter the extension phase to receive 6-week (42-day) cycles of panobinostat (weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5) plus bortezomib (days 1, 8, 22, and 29) and dexamethasone (day of and the day following bortezomib treatment) for 24 weeks. The primary objective was complete response (CR) + near CR (nCR) rate after treatment phase 1 as per the modified European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation criteria. Results: Of the 31 patients, 4 (12.9%) completed the treatment and 27 (87.1%) discontinued; 17 (54.8%) entered the extension phase. In total, 24 patients (77.4%) entered the survival follow-up phase and followed until study closure when the last patient was treated for 1 year after treatment phase 1. The CR + nCR rate was 48.4% (90% CI: 33.6–63.2). The overall response rate (CR + nCR + partial response) was 80.6%. The median PFS, duration of response, time to response, and time to progression were 15.3, 22.7, 1.4, and 15.3 months, respectively. All patients experienced adverse events (AEs), with diarrhea (80.6%), decreased appetite (58.1%), and thrombocytopenia (54.8%) being the most frequent, regardless of relationship to the study treatment. Thrombocytopenia (48.4%), fatigue (25.8%), diarrhea (22.6%), neutrophil count decrease (22.6%), platelet count decrease (22.6%), and lymphocyte count decrease (22.6%) were the most frequent grade 3/4 AEs. Conclusion: The study met the primary objective with 48.4% CR + nCR rate. The AEs associated with the combination treatment were safely managed using the existing AE management guidelines, including dose interruption/modification and/or supportive medical intervention. This treatment regimen is an effective option with a favorable benefit/risk profile for Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory MM.
Left heart dimensions in anemic cats and dogs before and after blood transfusion

Abstract Background Whether anemic cats and dogs with increased left heart dimensions are at higher risk of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload, and the effect of blood transfusion on left heart dimensions in naturally occurring anemia is unknown. Hypothesis/objectives To evaluate the effect of blood transfusion on left heart dimensions in clinically relevant anemia. Animals Twenty dogs and 20 cats presenting to a university veterinary teaching hospital. Methods In this prospective observational study, anemic dogs and cats requiring blood transfusion were included. Packed cell volume (PCV), total solids, and echocardiography were performed before and within 24 hours of blood transfusion. Signalment, bodyweight, disease process, transfusion duration and volume, and prior treatments were recorded. Nonparametric statistics were reported as median [range]. Post hoc Bonferroni correction set significance at P < . 006. Results After transfusion, PCV increased in cats (12% [6–16] to 18% [10‐33], P = .001) and dogs (14% [7–24] to 25% [9‐37], P = .001), heart rate decreased in dogs (104 bpm [86‐166] to 87 bpm [56‐138], P < .001), and fractional shortening decreased in cats (57.1% [36.0‐84.7] to 41.0% [28.1‐69.6], P = .002) and dogs (33.79% [19.33‐62.79] to 31.89% [19.06‐51.47], P = .006). Left ventricular internal diameter in systole increased in cats (6.5 mm [2.7‐9.8] to 7.9 mm [5.3‐11.1], P = .001). Normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (1.48 [1.25‐1.79] to 1.57 [1.33‐2.00], P = .001) and systole (0.87 [0.58‐1.19] to 1.00 [0.74‐1.36], P = .001) increased in dogs. Incidence of volume overload did not differ before (14/20 cats, 70%; 9/20 dogs, 45%) or after (12/20 cats, 60%; 11/20 dogs, 55%) transfusion (P = .64). Conclusions and clinical importance Blood transfusion is well tolerated when signs of volume overload are present before transfusion.