Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Relative Contributions of Root Respiration and Peat Decomposition to the Total CO2 Flux from Peat Soil at an Oil Palm Plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia

The decomposition of organic matter infl uences CO2 fl ux in peat soils. However, determination of the fl ux from the decomposition process is usually over-estimated because the total CO2 fl ux calculation includes root respiration. We clarified this issue addressing the following aims: (i) to study the relation of oil palm root distribution in peat soils to the fl ux and (ii) to estimate the relative contribution of root respiration and peat decomposition to the total CO2 fl ux. The study was conducted between January and June 2012. In the research area, three transects were established perpendicular to drainage channels, where nine14- year-old oil palm trees were selected and used as observation sites. Eight closed chambers were established as observation points at each site. We measured CO2 fl ux at each point using an Infra Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA). Root and peat samples were collected from each observation point to measure root density and analyze peat chemical properties. Our results showed that the pHH2O and nutrient content of P, K, Ca and Mg in the peat soils significantly increased of CO2 fl ux. Oil palm roots at depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm nearest the tree showed the highest density, while root densities gradually decreased with increasing distance from the tree. CO2 fl ux in the peat soils nearest to the tree were highest at 0.44 ± 0.23 mg CO2 m- 2 sec- 1 (or 137.7 ± 73.4 t CO2 ha- 1 yr - 1 ). CO2 fl ux significantly decreased with increasing distance from the tree, showing the lowest value of 0.10 ± 0.04 mg CO2 m- 2 sec- 1 (or 30.67 ± 12.4 t CO2 ha - 1 yr - 1 ). We conclude that the CO2 fl ux was derived from peat decomposition and root respiration. Using the integral equation approach, the relative contribution of root respiration and peat decomposition was 74 and 26%, respectively to the total CO2 fl ux.
Liquid Cattle Manure Application to Soil and Its Effect on Crop Growth, Yield, Composition, and on Soil Properties

Soil application of liquid cattle manure (LCM) (excrements plus urine, occasionally containing bedding material) can enhance plant growth and increase crop yield (Beauchamp, 1986; Culley et al., 1981; Evans et al., 1977; Kaffka & Kanneganti, 1996; Lithourgidis et al., 2007; Matsi et al., 2003; Motavalli et al., 1989; Sutton et al., 1986; Zhang et al., 2006; Zebarth et al., 1996). In most of the cases, crop yield increases are accompanied by increases in plant macronutrients concentration and/or uptake (Culley et al., 1981; Lithourgidis et al., 2007; Matsi et al., 2003; Motavalli et al., 1989; Sutton et al., 1986).
Etude des convertisseurs multicellulaires parallèles : II. Analyse du modèle

Cet article est base sur l'etude d'un modele developpe afin de predire le comportement des convertisseurs multicellulaires paralleles. Ce modele etant developpe dans l'espace d'etat, l'etude de la matrice dynamique et plus particulierement de ses valeurs propres nous permet de caracteriser les dynamiques de reequilibrage du convertisseur. L'obtention d'une relation analytique directe entre les parametres du convertisseur et les valeurs propres du modele nous permet de mieux apprehender les mecanismes de reequilibrage et de definir des regles de dimensionnement. Ce modele dans l'espace d'etat facilite egalement l'etude du regime permanent obtenu sans simulation. Ainsi, nous pouvons montrer la sensibilite du convertisseur aux imperfections de la commande et des valeurs des parametres de la structure.
Wastewater Treatment by Chemically Activated Carbons from Giant Reed: Effect of the Activation Atmosphere on Properties and Adsorptive Behavior

Abstract Uptake of nickel and benzene from dilute single‐solute solutions, mimicking wastewater with low concentrations of heavy metals or volatile organic compounds, was examined using activated carbons with similar good surface properties (BET surface area of ≈1100 m2/g). They were developed through H3PO4 acid activation of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) under flowing air or N2. The carbons obtained in air proved more effective to capture Ni(II) ions under pre‐established equilibrium conditions. Inversely, the N2‐derived carbons exhibited a better ability for benzene adsorption. The behavior was related to the smaller total content of acidic/polar surface oxygen functionalities of the carbons developed under N2 (1.9 meq/g), compared to that of the air‐derived ones (3.3 meq/g). Two‐, three‐parameter models described properly the isotherms, predicting similar maximum adsorption capacities (Xm ) for the investigated systems. The Xm parameter in the Langmuir's model was 0.44 mmol/g for the adsorption of Ni(II) ions on the air‐derived carbons, and 0.45 mmol/g for benzene adsorption on those obtained in N2. Present results highlight the relevance of the surface chemistry developed upon activation to optimize the performance of activated carbons for wastewater treatment according to the pollutants' nature.
Pulsed Infrared Roasting of Groundnuts and its Quality

The application of high intensity, pulsed infrared radiation for roasting of groundnuts is attempted and the product quality is compared with that of the conventionally roasted samples. Product qualities such as lightness (color), compressive strength (texture) and free fatty acid content are analyzed for different combinations of roasting duration (4-12 min) and temperature (160-200°C), selected based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD). Pulsed infrared roasting at 178-188°C for 6.8-9.2 min resulted in optimum product quality in terms of color, texture and free fatty acid content. The other parameters such as oil and moisture content, peroxide value and sensory characteristics of roasted nuts are also evaluated for the select temperature-duration combinations. The oil yield increased marginally with roasting duration and temperature. Peroxide number, an indicator of the stability of fat, did not vary during infrared roasting. Groundnuts processed at 180°C for 8 min scored high in terms of sensory attributes. Infrared roasting resulted in better product quality as compared to drum and sand roasting.
Role of Mineralocorticoid and Angiotensin Type 1 Receptors in the Paraventricular Nucleus in Angiotensin-Induced Hypertension

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important site where an interaction between circulating angiotensin (Ang) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activity may modify sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to influence long-term elevation of blood pressure. We examined in conscious Ang II-treated rabbits, the effects on blood pressure and tonic and reflex renal SNA (RSNA) of microinjecting into the PVN either RU28318 to block MR, losartan to block Ang (AT1) receptors or muscimol to inhibit GABAA receptor agonist actions. Male rabbits received a moderate dose of Ang II (24 ng/kg/min subcutaneously) for 3 months (n = 13) or sham treatment (n = 13). At 3 months, blood pressure increased by +19% in the Ang II group compared to 10% in the sham (P = 0.022) but RSNA was similar. RU28318 lowered blood pressure in both Ang II and shams but had a greater effect on RSNA and heart rate in the Ang II-treated group (P < 0.05). Losartan also lowered RSNA, while muscimol produced sympatho-excitation in both groups. In Ang II-treated rabbits, RU28318 attenuated the blood pressure increase following chemoreceptor stimulation but did not affect responses to air jet stress. In contrast losartan and muscimol reduced blood pressure and RSNA responses to both hypoxia and air jet. While neither RU28318 nor losartan changed the RSNA baroreflex, RU28318 augmented the range of the heart rate baroreflex by 10% in Ang II-treated rabbits. Muscimol, however, augmented the RSNA baroreflex by 11% in sham animals and none of the treatments altered baroreflex sensitivity. In conclusion, 3 months of moderate Ang II treatment promotes activation of reflex RSNA principally via MR activation in the PVN, rather than via activation of AT1 receptors. However, the onset of hypertension is independent of both. Interestingly, the sympatho-excitatory effects of muscimol in both groups suggest that overall, the PVN regulates a tonic sympatho-inhibitory influence on blood pressure control.
Electrorheological properties of TiO2/ZnC2O4 nanocomposites

TiO2/ZnC2O4 nanocomposites were synthesized by means of co-precipitation method. The XRD, SEM, FTIR and DTA/TG were used to determine the structure of the nanocomposites. The electrorheological (ER) activity of the suspension of TiO2/ZnC2O4 dispersed in silicone oil was investigated under a dc electric field. An excellent ER effect was found. Under 5 kV/mm external electric field, the yield stress of the TiO2/ZnC2O4 suspension can reach up to 90 kPa, and the leaking electric current density is lower than 20 μA/cm2. The yield stresses exhibit a near linear dependence on applied electric field unlike the conventional fluids. The results demonstrate that the polar molecules such as hydroxyl groups and oxalate groups adsorbed on the particles play a decisive role in determining the characteristics of the ER fluids.
Synthesis of sub-10 nm Cu2O Nanowires by Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-Assisted Electrodeposition

Ordered sub-10 nm cuprous oxide nanowires were synthesized by electrodeposition in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes assisted with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as soft templates. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate that a nanowire has a core of Cu2O and a thin shell of CuO. The formation of ultrathin nanowires is attributed to the arrangement of the PVP in the channels of AAO membranes under an electric field. The diameter and the length of the nanowires depend on the applied potential in the elctrodeposition. UV−vis absorption spectroscopy shows the quantum confinement effect of the Cu2O nanowires.
Nanoparticle colloids as spray deposition precursors to CIGS photovoltaic materials

Cu-In-Ga-Se nanoparticle colloids have been used as precursors in the spray deposition of photovoltaic films. Precursor colloid was prepared by reaction of the metal iodides in pyridine with sodium selenide in methanol at reduced temperature according to one of two routes: synthesis of each of the component binary selenides (Type I) followed by physical mixing of the isolated particles; or a one-pot synthesis with all the metal iodides reacting together in one flask to form a mixed-metal Cu-In-Ga-Se colloid (Type II). The constituent nanoparticles in these colloids were analyzed by TEM and XRD and were determined to be amorphous as-synthesized. Crystalline phase formation of these nanoparticles was observed by XRD after a thermal treatment. These precursor colloids were sprayed onto Mo-coated glass substrates at elevated temperatures. The nanoparticle-derived Cu-In-Ga-Se films were characterized by SEM and XRD prior to being finished into CIGS solar cell devices according to standard NREL protocol. I–V ch.
Design of Highly Multiplexed Liquid Crystal Dye Displays

Abstract The recently invented 3π/2 dye display offers, for the first time, the prospect of an RMS multiplexed highly complex liquid crystal display with an excellent angle of view. In this paper, the importance of various relevant device and material parameters are discussed and optimum conditions found for multiplexing at levels over 1 in 100.
Coarse-grained models of biomolecule dynamics and allostery

Recently, it has become increasingly accepted that thermal fluctuations take active part in functional tasks of biological molecules. We employ a set of coarse-grained models to investigate the mechanism of transmission of allosteric signal via spatial fluctuations. Our models are coarser than those in computational techniques established in molecular biology, but allow for both the identification of candidates for the essential physical structures and also the analytical determination of thermodynamic quantities that define ligand binding. The models are constructed for general classes of macromolecules and are validated through parameterisation from experiments and atomistic simulations. In the first part of this thesis we investigate the “dynamic allostery” in dimeric proteins composed of two identical subunits. We demonstrate that cooperative effects upon binding of two identical ligands can arise purely through modification of slow global vibrational modes of the protein. We parameterise the model on a test case, the CAP homodimer. Finally, we explain the role of local, fast vibrations in the allosteric effect and propose a general protocol for interpreting thermodynamic parameters of dynamically allosteric homodimers. The second part of this thesis considers allosteric effects in DNA, an example of nearly uniform elastic medium. The DNA is modeled as an elastic rod and substrate binding as local increase of its bending and twisting rigidity. This results in altered structure of normal modes and leads to qualitatively different type of dynamic allostery compared to that of the discrete models previously employed to study allosteric effects in proteins. Dynamic allostery in DNA is found always to be negative, due to an anti-correlated amplitude of thermal fluctuations at the binding site and around it. This allows us to draw conclusions about general design rules of allosteric molecules and highlight the controlling feature that biological molecules evolved to optimize their dynamics for their function.
Orientation-Dependent Structural Transition and Melting of Au Nanowires

Using molecular dynamics simulations with the quantum corrected Sutton-Chen type many-body potential, we have studied the thermal stability of Au nanowires along the [100], [110], and [111] crystallographic orientations during continuous heating. The bond pair analysis and Lindemann index are used to characterize the structural and thermal evolution of these nanowires. The results show that the critical temperatures of structural transition, melting, and fracture are dependent on the crystallographic orientation of Au nanowires. It is found that all the Au nanowires exhibit an inhomogeneous melting behavior from the surface into the interior. The structural transition from a fcc to hcp structure prior to surface premelting is closely associated with the activities of Shockley partial dislocations driven by the internal stress because of the thermal expansion of the nanowires with increased temperature. A comparison of the results of three types of nanowires indicates that the [110] nanowire possesses a better thermal and structural stability compared with other oriented nanowires, which helps to explain why Au nanowires possess a [110] preferred orientation during the experimental growth procedure.
A Hybrid Sorbent Utilizing Nanoparticles of Hydrous Iron Oxide for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water

Arsenic in drinking water, present primarily as inorganic As(III) (arsenite) or As(V) (arsenate), has been linked to a number of human ailments. This has prompted the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to lower the maximum contaminant level for arsenic in drinking water from 50 to 10 µg/L. ArsenX np was developed to satisfy the need for an efficient, reliable, and reusable material to meet this new arsenic standard. ArsenX np is a hybrid sorbent consisting of nanoparticles of hydrous iron oxide distributed throughout a porous polymeric bead. This combines the excellent handling, flow characteristics and attrition resistance of conventional ion exchange resins with the well-documented arsenic affinity of hydrous iron oxides. In field tests, the resin maintained an effluent arsenic concentration below 10 µg/L for 4 months of continuous operation with no mechanical problems and no pressure buildup across the resin bed. Arsenic is removed from solution due to the interaction with the nan.
Graphit und Graphitsäure

Graphitsaure ist ein chemisch wohldefinierter Stoff, in welchem das Verhaltnis von Kohlenstoff zu Sauerstoff zu Wasserstoff wie 2:1:1 ist. Ihrer Entstehung, ihren Eigenschaften und ihrem ganzem Verhalten nach kommt ihr die Formel C603H3 oder besser C6(OH)3 zu. Die Kohlenstoffatome sind wie im Ausgangsmaterial Graphit und im weiteren Umwandlungsprodukt Mellithsaure in Sechsringen angeordnet, die in der Graphitsaure nebeneinander liegend Waben- ebenen bilden. An jedem Sechsring befinden sich drei Hydroxylgruppen.
What is collaborative landscape research about

Many different landscape research approaches involve some form of collaboration between researchers with different disciplinary backgrounds or between these researchers and societal actors. Often, however, the underlying theoretical assumptions behind these approaches and corresponding research goals and intended societal outcomes are not made explicit. These goals and intended outcomes do however require different forms of stakeholder participation, representing various degrees of sharing responsibilities and powers concerning the collaborative research process between researchers and societal stakeholders. Taking the theoretical perspectives, aims and goals and types of stakeholder participation into account, we distinguish between four general types of collaborative research approaches in landscape research. These types reflect the increasing engagement of researchers in processes of societal and institutional change. The case chapters in this book reflect this gamut of collaborative research types. In each of them, the authors describe and reflect on the theories and methods they used, the contribution to societal development they intended to achieve, the challenges or difficulties they encountered, the actual outcomes they achieved and the lessons they learned. The cases thus provide a valuable knowledge base for a comparative analysis of the collaborative practices and research roles employed and of the adequacy of the theories and methodologies practiced. The insights derived are used in the last chapter for the formulation of practical recommendations for those who want to engage in collaborative research for landscape development and governance.
EXPANSION OF CD34 + HUMAN HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS FROM UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD USING ROLLER BOTTLES

El transplante de celulas madre hematopoyeticas esta limitado por la cantidad de celulas CD34+ presentes en las unidades de sangre de cordon umbilical; el objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener la expansion in vitro de celulas madre hematopoyeticas. Se establecieron cultivos de celulas CD34+ de sangre de cordon umbilical en medio IMDM suplementado con citocinas para promover la expansion de progenitores hematopoyeticos. En 5 dias de cultivo en frascos giratorios se obtuvo la maxima expansion de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) totales de 16.94±2.82 veces, mientras que en cultivo estatico fue de 17.28±4.47. La maxima expansion de celulas totales fue de 20.31±6.18 veces en frasco giratorio y de 26.45±9.89 veces en cultivo estatico a los 10 dias de cultivo. Se demostro la eficacia del sistema de frascos giratorios con medio IMDM para el cultivo a corto plazo de celulas enriquecidas CD34+ provenientes de sangre de cordon umbilical y para la expansion de progenitores hematopoyeticos, potencializando el uso de este sistema para otros experimentos y aplicaciones clinicas a futuro
COMBUSTION SOURCES OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

LBL-9543 Presented at the Non-Criteria Nitrogenous Air Pollutants Conference, Riverside, CA, March 3-4, 1977 COMBUSTION SOURCES OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS Nancy J. Brown and Robert F. Sawyer March 1977 TWO-WEEK LOAN COpy This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Division, Ext. 6782 Prepared for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48 and the California State Air Resources Board under Contract A6-196-30
Physiology of multiple sulfur isotope fractionation during microbial sulfate reduction

Microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) utilizes sulfate as an electron acceptor and produces sulfide that is depleted in heavy isotopes of sulfur relative to starting sulfate. The fractionation of S-isotopes is commonly used to trace the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur in nature, but a mechanistic understanding of factors that control the range of isotope fractionation is still lacking. This thesis investigates links between the physiology of sulfate reducing bacteria in pure cultures and multiple sulfur isotope ("S, "S, 34S, and 36S) fractionation during MSR in batch and continuous culture experiments. Experiments address the influence of nutrient and electron donor conditions, including organic carbon, nitrogen, and iron, in cultures of a newly isolated marine sulfate reducing bacterium (DMSS-1). An actively growing culture of DMSS-1 produced sulfide depleted in 3"S by 6 to 66%o, depending on the availability and chemistry of organic electron donors. The magnitude of isotope effect correlated well with the cell specific sulfate reduction rate (csSRR), and the largest isotope effects occurred when cultures grew slowly on glucose, a recalcitrant organic substrate. These findings bridge the long-standing discrepancy between the upper limit for S-isotope effect in laboratory cultures and the corresponding observations in nature and indicate that the large (>46 %o) fractionation of S-isotopes does not unambiguously record the oxidative sulfurrecycling. When the availability of iron was limited, the increase in S-isotope fractionation was accompanied by a decrease in the cytochrome c content as well as csSRR. In contrast, growth in nitrogenlimited cultures increased both csSRR and S-isotope fractionation. The influence of individual enzymes and electron carriers involved in sulfate respiration on the fractionation of S-isotopes was also investigated in cultures of mutant strains of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. The mutant lacking Type I tetraheme cytochrome c3 fractionated 34S/S ratio 50% greater relative to the wild type. The increasing S-isotope fractionation accompanied the evolution of H2 in the headspace and the decreasing csSRR. These results further demonstrate that the flow of electrons to terminal reductases imparts the primary control on the magnitude of the fractionation of S-isotopes, suggested by culture experiments using DMSS-1.
The hydrodynamic flow of nematic liquid crystals in R3

OF DISSERTATION THE HYDRODYNAMIC FLOW OF NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS IN R This manuscript demonstrates the well-posedness (existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions) of the Cauchy problem for simplified equations of nematic liquid crystal hydrodynamic flow in three dimensions for initial data that is uniformly locally L(R) integrable (L U (R)). The equations examined are a simplified version of the equations derived by Ericksen and Leslie. Background on the continuum theory of nematic liquid crystals and their flow is provided as are explanations of the related mathematical literature for nematic liquid crystals and the Navier–Stokes equations.