Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Die neue Welt der Ökonomie

Abstract The article starts out with a sketch of the model of Individual behaviour, basic for modern economic theory, including the consideration of typical criticisms. The model then is examined in its application first to micro- and macroeconomic theorizing, then to the economic analysis of politics and of law. It concludes by pointing out some drawbacks inherent in the economic approach to the social sciences: economic imperialism, conservativism and the illusion of manageability.
An objective and rapid method for the determination of light dissemination in the lens

Abstract. A method for the objective measurement of light dissemination in the lens was developed. There is an exponential relationship between the concentration of standard solutions and the intensity of light disseminated forwards. The light disseminated in non‐pathological lenses from Sprague Dawley rats was registered as the equivalent standard concentration, C, and then transformed to log10 (C + 1) and was found not to deviate from the normal distribution. The tolerance limit for light dissemination was derived by setting the probability to classify a non‐pathological lens as pathological. An analysis of variance demonstrated that the inter‐animal variation was the dominating source of imprecision. It is anticipated that the developed system will be useful in experimental toxicological risk assessment.
Adaptive Partitioning Spline Neural Networks: Template Matching, Memorization, Inhibitor Connections, Inversion, Semi-Sup, Topology Search

(1) We will provide a straightforward methodology to express the nonlinearities as affine spline functions. The linear part being a degenerated case of spline function, we can rewrite any given DNN topology as succession of such functionals making the network itself a piecewise linear spline. This formulation provides a universal piecewise linear expression of the input-output mapping of DNNs, clarifying the role of its internal components. (2)For any given architecture, we provide a measure of risk to adversarial attacks. (3) Recently, the deep learning community has focused on the reminiscent theory of flat and sharp minima to provide generalization guarantees. We will motivate a novel regularization technique pushing the learning of DNNs towards flat minima, maximizing generalization performances. (4) From (1) we will reinterpret DNNs as template matching algorithms. When coupled with insights derived from (2), we will integrate unlabeled data information into the network during learning. To do so, we will propose to guide DNNs templates towards their input via a scheme assimilated as a reconstruction formula for DNNs. This inversion can be computed efficiently by back- propagation leading to no computational overhead. From this, any semi-supervised technique can be used out-of-the-box with current DNNs where we provide state-of-the-art results. Unsupervised tasks would also become reachable to DNNs, a task considered as the keystone of learning for the neuro-science community. To date, those problematics have been studied independently leading to over-specialized solutions generally topology specific and cumbersome to incorporate into a pre-existing pipeline. On the other hand, all the proposed solutions necessitate negligible software updates, suited for efficient large-scale deployment.
Lateral thermal damage along pulsed laser incisions

The damage adjacent to incisions created in dorsal mouse skin by overlapping Er3+ and CO2 laser pulses of a duration of 250 μs is investigated histologically. It is compared to injuries induced by long‐term heating. We demonstrate how the lateral thermal damage near the laser cuts can be explained by heat conduction. We show that it is necessary to introduce as a heat reservoir a layer of tissue that has been liquefied during the cutting process. The width of the thermally damaged region depends mainly on the extension of the liquid material that remains in the cut after the laser‐tissue interaction.
Loi de gestion d'énergie embarquée pour véhicules hybrides : approche multi-objectif et modulaire

Le vehicule hybride electrique dispose de deux sources d’energie distinctes pour se mouvoir : le carburant, ainsi qu’un systeme de stockage electrique ayant la particularite d’etre reversible. La loi de gestion d’energie a pour objectif de superviser les flux de puissance dans le groupe motopropulseur en intervenant sur le point de fonctionnement des organes de celui-ci, et ce dans le but d’optimiser un critere donne. La loi de gestion d’energie se formalise donc par un probleme de commande optimale dont le critere a minimiser tient compte de la consommation de carburant du vehicule sur un trajet donne. La solution de ce probleme peut se calculer hors ligne lorsque toutes les donnees du trajet sont parfaitement connues a l’avance, hypothese qui n’est plus admissible pour une strategie embarquee sur vehicule dont l’objectif est alors de s’approcher au maximum du resultat optimal. Les travaux presentes dans ce manuscrit mettent en avant la commande optimale orientee multi-objectif pour repondre a la problematique du compromis inter-prestations au coeur du developpement d’un vehicule de serie. Une loi de gestion d’energie tenant compte du compromis entre consommation et agrement de conduite, ainsi qu’une autre traitant le compromis entre consommation et vieillissement batterie sont proposees. Les strategies presentees s’inscrivent egalement dans une approche modulaire tiree de la solution de nature transversale issue de l’Equivalent Consumption Minimization strategy (ECMS). Ainsi, la commande du vehicule hybride rechargeable, du Mild-Hybride, ainsi que d’architectures hybrides complexes disposant d’une transmission automatique, de deux machines electriques ou deux systemes de stockage electriques, est ici traitee a travers un socle commun. Cette approche permet de reduire le temps de developpement des strategies qui partagent un maximum d’elements communs.
Transfer Learning for Illustration Classification

The field of image classification has shown an outstanding success thanks to the development of deep learning techniques. Despite the great performance obtained, most of the work has focused on natural images ignoring other domains like artistic depictions. In this paper, we use transfer learning techniques to propose a new classification network with better performance in illustration images. Starting from the deep convolutional network VGG19, pre-trained with natural images, we propose two novel models which learn object representations in the new domain. Our optimized network will learn new low-level features of the images (colours, edges, textures) while keeping the knowledge of the objects and shapes that it already learned from the ImageNet dataset. Thus, requiring much less data for the training. We propose a novel dataset of illustration images labelled by content where our optimized architecture achieves $\textbf{86.61\%}$ of top-1 and $\textbf{97.21\%}$ of top-5 precision. We additionally demonstrate that our model is still able to recognize objects in photographs.
ASL and the Family System

This paper examines some of the sociological implications of poor interaction on families in which one of the members is deaf. When a family systems perspective is used, once a child is diagnosed as deaf the family is no longer considered "hearing"; the parents may be hearing, the other children may be, but the family system becomes "hearing and deaf. " By viewing this as a hearing/deaf problem, it becomes clear that no adequate solution can be found without the participation of deaf adults and the benefit of their perspectives and insights. We suggest that attention be directed toward neutralizing the effects of the stigma associated with deafness so that American Sign Language can become a pivotal tool for facilitating functional symbolic interaction in hearing/deaf families.
Effect of Ectoparasite Removal Procedures on Recapture of Microtus californicus

We tested the null hypothesis that anesthetizing meadow voles (Microtus californicus) and brushing them vigorously for ectoparasites would have no effect on the later recapture of these voles. Voles were trapped from 6 December 1993 to 10 January 1994 at Faye Slough Wildlife Area near Eureka, Humboldt County, California (USA). Alternate trapped voles were anesthetized with ethyl ether and brushed vigorously for ectoparasites. There was no significant difference in the frequency of recapture nor in the time to first recapture between those voles anesthetized and brushed, compared to control animals.
Digitising a machine-tractable version of Kamus Dewan with TEI-P5

Kamus Dewan is the authoritative dictionary for Bahasa Malaysia, containing a wealth of linguistic and cultural information about Bahasa Malaysia. It is currently available in print, as well as an searchable online dictionary. However, the online dictionary lacks advanced search capabilities that target specific fields within each headword and lemma entry. For these information to be targeted and extracted efficiently by computers, the macroand micro-structures of Kamus Dewan entries need to be first annotated or marked up explicitly. We describe how TEI-P5 guidelines have been applied in this endeavour to make the Kamus Dewan more machine-tractable. We also give some examples of how the machine-tractable data from Kamus Dewan can be used for linguistic research and analysis, as well as for producing other language resources.
How Homologs Can Help to Predict Protein Folds Even Though They Cannot Be Predicted for Individual Sequences

At present, one cannot predict the 3D structure of a protein directly from its sequence alone mainly because of errors in the energy estimates. However, a recently developed simple analytical theory (Finkelstein, 1998) shows that using a set of homologs (i.e., chains with numerous amino acid mutations but with equal 3D folds) one can average the interaction energies over the homologs and predict their common 3D fold even when predictions for individual sequences are wrong because the energy parameters are known only approximately. In this work we verify this theoretical conclusion by computer simulations performed with simplified models of protein chains.
DMBT1 functions as pattern‐recognition molecule for poly‐sulfated and poly‐phosphorylated ligands

Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is a secreted glycoprotein displaying a broad bacterial‐binding spectrum. Recent functional and genetic studies linked DMBT1 to the suppression of LPS‐induced TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB activation and to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Here, we aimed at unraveling the molecular basis of its function in mucosal protection and of its broad pathogen‐binding specificity. We report that DMBT1 directly interacts with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and carrageenan, a structurally similar sulfated polysaccharide, which is used as a texturizer and thickener in human dietary products. However, binding of DMBT1 does not reduce the cytotoxic effects of these agents to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. DSS and carrageenan compete for DMBT1‐mediated bacterial aggregation via interaction with its bacterial‐recognition motif. Competition and ELISA studies identify poly‐sulfated and poly‐phosphorylated structures as ligands for this recognition motif, such as heparansulfate, LPS, and lipoteichoic acid. Dose–response studies in Dmbt1−/− and Dmbt1+/+ mice utilizing the DSS‐induced colitis model demonstrate a differential response only to low but not to high DSS doses. We propose that DMBT1 functions as pattern‐recognition molecule for poly‐sulfated and poly‐phosphorylated ligands providing a molecular basis for its broad bacterial‐binding specificity and its inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB activation.
High frequency of fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant streptococci among clinically isolated group B streptococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility.

OBJECTIVES Recently several clinical isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae [also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS)] that have acquired reduced penicillin susceptibility (PRGBS) by amino acid substitutions in the penicillin-binding protein 2X have emerged. The frequency of fluoroquinolone (FQ)- and macrolide-resistant streptococci among PRGBS is not yet known. METHODS Fifty-seven GBS [19 PRGBS and 38 penicillin-susceptible GBS (PSGBS)], isolated from different medical institutions in Japan, were studied. For GBS, the MICs of penicillin G, levofloxacin and erythromycin were determined using the agar dilution method. Nineteen PRGBS were previously confirmed as genetically diverse streptococci by PFGE. Further, the mechanisms underlying penicillin, FQ and macrolide non-susceptibility/resistance were analysed. RESULTS The frequency of non-susceptibility to FQs among PSGBS was 18.4% (7/38), whereas that among PRGBS was 100% (19/19). The frequency of resistance to erythromycin among PSGBS was 7.9% (3/38), while that among PRGBS was 47.4% (9/19). Statistical significance was determined using Fisher's exact test between reduced penicillin susceptibility and FQ non-susceptibility (P ≤ 0.0001) and macrolide resistance (P=0.0012). The resistance/non-susceptibility mechanisms among PRGBS were diverse, suggesting that the PRGBS examined were not clonal. CONCLUSIONS PRGBS isolates tend to show resistance to FQs and/or macrolides. Because the drug choice for treating these multidrug-resistant GBS is more limited than that for usual GBS, these strains may present future public health challenges.
Arresting occlusal enamel caries lesions with pit and fissure sealants

Arresting occlusal enamel caries lesions with pit and fissure sealants The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of pit and fissure sealants and the effectiveness of the two sealant methods applied in every-day practice in public dental health care in Finland. Two sealant methods were evaluated according to their effectiveness in preventing dentin caries at occlusal surfaces and sealant integrity and retention. Application time with these sealant methods was measured and compared. The survival rate of sealed first and second molars was followed for nine and 13 year periods, respectively. Caries risk evaluation and observed increased caries risk were the basis for considering sealant application. A questionnaire, sent nationwide to all public dental health centers in Finland, monitored the attitudes of the dental profession towards sealant application and explored the current criteria and policies used as well as changes noted in the sealant application protocol. Mean DMFT index values collected from the health centers were evaluated. The difference in caries rate between two methods investigated in this three year study was highly significant. When compared to the glass ionomer sealant method (GIC), the effectiveness of the resin-based method (RB) in preventing dentin caries was 74% and the rate difference 3%. The relative risk for RB-sealed surfaces vs. GIC-sealed surfaces of having detectable dentin caries was 0.3 (95% CI 0.12, 0.57). The retention rate of sealants was higher with RB than GIC (P<0.001). Application of RB sealant material was less time-consuming than application of GIC sealant. Occlusal dentin caries lesions were found in 4% and proximal caries in less than 2% of sealed teeth. The resealing rate with the second molars was 23%. The majority of respondents reported application of sealants on a systematic basis along with caries-risk evaluation. Those health centers sealing over suspected or detected enamel caries had lower average DMFT index values (1.0) when compared to DMFT values (1.2) of health centers applying sealants by alternative criteria. It is concluded that the RB sealant method is more effective than the GIC sealant method in preventing dentin caries. Sealant maintenance may increase the costs of a sealant program. Occlusal caries management may be improved if the applied sealant policies are changed towards an interceptive approach i.e. applying the sealants over detected or suspected enamel caries lesions instead of sealing sound teeth in a preventive manner.
A Comparison of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) Measurement Approach With Direct Observation of Outpatient Visits

BackgroundThe National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) informs a wide range of important policy and clinical decisions by providing nationally representative data about outpatient practice. However, the validity of the NAMCS methods has not been compared with a reference standard. MethodsOffice visits of 549 patients visiting 30 family physicians in Northeastern Ohio were observed by trained research nurses. Visit content measured by direct observation was compared with data reported by physicians using the 1993 NAMCS form. ResultsOutpatient visit physician reports of procedures and examinations using the NAMCS method showed generally good concordance with direct observation measures, with kappas ranging from 0.39 for ordering a chest x-ray to 0.86 for performance of Pap smears. Concordance was generally lower for health behavior counseling, with kappas ranging from 0.21 for alcohol counseling to 0.60 for smoking cessation advice. The NAMCS form had high specificity (range, 0.90–0.99) but variable (range, 0.12–.84) sensitivity compared with direct observation, with the lowest sensitivities for health behavior counseling. The NAMCS physician report method overestimated visit duration in comparison with direct observation (16.5 vs. 12.8 minutes). ConclusionsCompared with direct observation of outpatient visits, the NAMCS physician report method is more accurate for procedures and examinations than for health behavior counseling. Underreporting of behavioral counseling and overreporting of visit duration should lead to caution in interpreting findings based on these variables.
Relationship between circulating FGF23 and total body atherosclerosis in the community.

BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a regulator of mineral metabolism and has been suggested to play a role in vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data on the association between FGF23 and atherosclerosis, both in CKD and in the community, is limited. METHODS The total body atherosclerosis score (AS) was determined by a magnetic resonance imaging-based angiography in 306 elderly men and women, representing a subsample of the community-based PIVUS cohort. Subjects were divided into three categories based on AS: AS = 0, low AS and high AS. Serum FGF23 was measured using a two-site monoclonal antibody ELISA. RESULTS In continuous and multi-category regression models, higher FGF23 was associated with a significant increase in the odds of having a high AS (OR 1.43, CI 1.06-1.92 to OR 3.01, CI 1.52-5.99). This association was stronger in individuals with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (n = 27), reaching a nearly 6-fold increase in the odds for a high AS in the upper FGF23 tertile (OR 5.64, CI 2.78-11.5). We found weaker support for a relationship between FGF23 and the presence of atherosclerosis as subjects in the highest FGF23 tertile had an increased risk for an AS > 0 in crude models (OR 1.93, CI 1.05-3.55), but this was not statistically significant in adjusted (OR 1.42, CI 0.74-1.72) models. CONCLUSIONS We provide novel evidence supporting an association between serum FGF23 and total body atherosclerosis in the community. Additional studies are warranted to determine the prospective relationship between FGF23 and atherosclerosis, and whether FGF23 is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor.
Cross-protective immunity to influenza A viruses

Antigenic changes in influenza virus occur gradually, owing to mutations (antigenic drift), and abruptly, owing to reassortment among subtypes (antigenic shift). Availability of strain-matched vaccines often lags behind these changes, resulting in a shortfall in public health. In animal models, cross-protection by vaccines based on conserved antigens does not completely prevent infection, but greatly reduces morbidity, mortality, virus replication and, thus, viral shedding and spread. Such immunity is especially effective and long-lasting with mucosal administration. Cross-protective immunity in humans is controversial, but is suggested by some epidemiological findings. ‘Universal’ vaccines protective against all influenza A viruses might substantially reduce severity of infection and limit spread of disease during outbreaks. These vaccines could be used ‘off the shelf’ early in an outbreak or pandemic, before strain-matched vaccines are available.
Fucosylated haptoglobin is a novel marker for pancreatic cancer: A detailed analysis of the oligosaccharide structure and a possible mechanism for fucosylation

Changes in oligosaccharide structures have been reported in certain types of malignant transformations and, thus, could be used for tumor markers in certain types of cancer. In the case of pancreatic cancer cell lines, a variety of fucosylated proteins are secreted into their conditioned media. To identify fucosylated proteins in the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer, we performed western blot analyses using Aleuria Aurantica Lectin (AAL), which is specific for fucosylated structures. An ∼40 kD protein was found to be highly fucosylated in pancreatic cancer and an N‐terminal analysis revealed that it was the β chain of haptoglobin. While the appearance of fucosylated haptoglobin has been reported in other diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, gastric cancer and colon cancer, the incidence was significantly higher in the case of pancreatic cancer. Fucosylated haptoglobin was observed more frequently at the advanced stage of pancreatic cancer and disappeared after an operation. A mass spectrometry analysis of haptoglobin purified from the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer and the medium from a pancreatic cancer cell line, PSN‐1, showed that the α 1‐3/α 1‐4/α 1‐6 fucosylation of haptoglobin was increased in pancreatic cancer. When a hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, was cultured with the conditioned media from pancreatic cancer cells, haptoglobin secretion was dramatically increased. These findings suggest that fucosylated haptoglobin could serve as a novel marker for pancreatic cancer. Two possibilities were considered in terms of the fucosylation of haptoglobin. One is that pancreatic cancer cells, themselves, produce fucosylated haptoglobin; the other is that pancreatic cancer produces a factor, which induces the production of fucosylated haptoglobin in the liver. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.