Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nature and Significance of Volcanogenic Deposits at the Eocene/Oligocene Boundary, Hole 593, Challenger Plateau, Tasman Sea

Hole 593 includes a spectacular 16.4-m-sequence of thinly bedded, grayish black, lithified volcanogenic sandstones, mudstones, and occasional breccias near its base within chalks. Sandstone-mudstone couplets (up to 50 cm thick) have sharp basal contacts, are normally graded, and include Bouma A, B, occasional C, and E divisions, whereas brecciadominated units are thicker (up to 140 cm), massive or inversely graded, and unsorted. The beds were deposited rapidly at bathyal depths, close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, from turbidity currents and/or subaqueous pyroclastic flows originating on the slopes of "Lalitha pinnacle," a now-buried ~ 500-m-high volcanic shield (average 6-8° slopes) located only ~3 km from Site 593. The occurrence in the deposits of rare primary augite and olivine crystals, the abundance of the low Si/Al zeolite phillipsite, and certain chemical considerations support a basaltic parentage. However, as a result of low-temperature oxidative alteration by pore fluids following emplacement, the original basaltic glass fragments that formed the bulk of the deposits have been palagonitized extensively and replaced by phillipsite, smectite, and calcite. "Lalitha pinnacle" is similar to several other (buried) "pinnacles" evident on seismic records from southern Lord Howe Rise, both in its seismic character and structural and age relations to surrounding sediments. This suggests that submarine basaltic volcanism and associated sedimentary redeposition was widespread in the southeast Tasman Sea during the late Eocene to early Oligocene. The activity is viewed as off-rift (western) volcanism that is related to regional extension and the formation of a major western New Zealand rift system associated with eastward propagation of the mid-ocean Southeast Indian Ridge into the south Tasman Sea and through the New Zealand subcontinent at this time. Analogous occurrences of submarine Eocene-Oligocene basalts east of the rift system now crop out on land in eastern South Island, New Zealand.
FIR filter implementation by efficient sharing of horizontal and vertical common subexpressions

The vertical common subexpression elimination (CSE) method proposed by Jang et al. does not guarantee hardware reduction over the conventional horizontal CSE method in practical linear phase finite impulse response (LPFIR) filter implementations. A method to implement FIR filters with a minimum number of adders by efficiently combining horizontal and vertical common subexpressions is proposed.
A Review on PV Systems with DC-DC Converter

The evaluation of power electronics has emerged since last few decades ago. The advancement in the power engineering has made many advantages as per cost, performance and size point of view. In recent years, the power electronics is used in many aspects of commercial, utility, military, transportation, aerospace, etc. A part of power electronics is DC-DC converter, and it has applicability in computers, spacecraft units, laptops, telecommunications and motor drives. The photovoltaic based energy generation is the modern way of generating the energy and is adopted all over the world. But the efficiency in power generation by the photovoltaic system varies with the climatic condition. To achieve better efficiency, DC-DC converter can be used. The technique called maximum power point tracking (MPPT) helps in efficiency optimization. This paper presents the survey over the existing energy optimization techniques; further efficiency optimization for future study is mentioned.
Variability in the genotypes of rotavirus detected in Cte dIvoire from 2010-2016

Group A rotaviruses are the major viral agent of acute gastroenteritis and severe diarrhea in children <5 years old. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends surveillance of circulating strains before and after introduction of vaccination in countries. However, the diversity of circulating strains in developing countries is a major challenge to the vaccination programs. This study, carried out in furtherance of the sentinel surveillance, aims to identify the different genotypes circulating before the introduction of the Rotavirus vaccine. All children with acute gastroenteritis aged 0 to 5 years, admitted in one of the sentinel surveillance collection sites were included in the study. The study period was from January 2010 to December 2016. Rotavirus was detected in stool specimens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rotavirus G and P types were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 1472 stool samples were collected during this period. 31.8% of the stools were rotavirus positive by ELISA test. G1 was predominant with 39.6% followed by G12 (27%). P [8] was 50.4%. The predominant genotype combinations were G1P [8] with 26.1%; G12P [8], 15%; G1P [6], 11.3% and G12P [6], 10.8%. Genotyping of circulating rotavirus strains is important in monitoring strains before and after the introduction of the vaccine. With previous observations, these findings will contribute to baseline data to further monitor the impact of rotavirus immunization in Cote d’Ivoire. Key words: Rotavirus, Cote d’Ivoire, diarrhea, vaccination, acute gastroenteritis.
Relation between Dental Implant Joint Surfaces and Biofilm Formation

Objective: The main aim of this work was to evaluate the multi-species biofilm formation in vitro on surfaces of dental abutment and implants. Methods: Five commercial implant-abutment assemblies (Titamax CM; Neodent? , Curitiba; Brazil) were assessed in this study. Also, commercially pure (cp) titanium grade IV square samples (10? 10? 1 mm) were used to prepare surfaces similar to those of titanium implant and abutments (n=10). Titanium square samples and implant-abutment assemblies were placed into 24 well-plates containing diluted human saliva at 37? C under microaerophilic conditions (5% CO2). After 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation, biofilms were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microbiological analyses. Results: The multi-species biofilm formed at retentive areas of commercial abutments and implants like scratches, micro-gaps and defects revealed a high biofilm agglomeration, as shown by SEM analysis. The biofilm density and the colony-forming unit number were significant higher (p<0.05) on titanium rough surfaces than that of polished titanium surfaces along the growth time. Conclusions: Biofilm analyses revealed a higher biomass density and cell viability on SLA rough surfaces than on polished ones. Abutment and implants revealed the presence of several rough areas promoted by the surface treatment that increase the biofilm accumulation at peri-implant areas.
Chromatic numbers and indices of the optimised degree six 3-modified chordal ring network topology

Graph colouring is the labelling of the elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. It is divided into vertex and edge colouring. In both cases, the assignment of labels, traditionally called colours is such that two vertices or edges must not have the same colour. This has various applications, especially in parallel computing. This paper introduces the degree six 3-modified chordal ring, CHR6o3, a parallel network interconnection topology model, and discusses its node and link colouring. Despite its asymmetry, the chromatic number of CHR6o3 cannot be generalised and must be determined specifically based on the combination of chords in each case. Cases where the chromatic index of CHR6o3 is its degree and where it is its one colour more than its degree were generalised and proven. Chromatic numbers are important in minimising the completion times of processes in parallel processing by reducing points of synchronisation, and link colouring aids processor scheduling.
Geo-Positioned Activity-Based Collaborative Educational Mobile Platform

Learning platforms aimed at the traditional content-based pedagogical model are at today settled down (e.g. SCORM (2004)). However, it is still unclear how to best support activity-based learning platforms for informal settings, especially in the case of mobile learning. This report describes the criteria that guided the construction of such a mobile platform for collaborative learning and the difficulties identified during its construction. The first difficulty occurs when the learning path is not predefined, because in this case the users have to find the right content for their learning. The second difficulty occurs when the educational content consists of activities that should be able to adapt to different learning scenarios. Finally, the third difficulty deals with how to geolocate and organize the educational items that users have to visit. These differences allowed us to find original and effective solutions, which are described here.
APPLICATION OF RANK CONTROLLED DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE METHOD FOR SOLVING AN INFINITE STEEL PLATE COOLING PROBLEM

Rank Controlled Differential Quadrature method is a numerical method that allows to approximate the partial derivatives that appears in partial differential equations. Those equations with proper geometrical, physical, initial and boundary conditions make mathematical models of physical process. The heat transfer process is governed by Fourier – Kirchhoff equation, which is parabolic Partial Differential Equation. In this paper authors present the steel plate cooling problem. At the beginning of the process plate is heated up to 450 C and is cooled to ambient temperature. The cooling of the plate is basic heat transfer problem. If the plates dimensions has proper proportions such problem may be described as one dimensional and solved exactly. The mathematical model and exact solution is given in the work. Authors apply the Rank Controlled Differential Quadrature to approximate derivatives in Fourier – Kirchhoff equation and in boundary conditions. After changing derivatives into quadrature formulation set of algebraic equations is obtained. Substituting thermo-physical parameters numerical model is obtained. The computer program was prepared to solve the problem numerically. Results of simulation are confronted with the exact ones. Error value at each time step as well as error value increase rate for examined numerical method is analyzed.
The Study on Long-Term Dynamics in China’s Coal Prices Based on Jump- Diffusion Modles

This paper analyzes the evolution process of China’s coal prices formation mechanism and the trend of dynamic weekly data of Datong mix coal in Qinhuangdao market from January 2004 to December 2013. Resorting to the jump diffusion models and cumulants estimation, the empirical study on the phenomenon of coal prices fluctuations is executed. These results show that coal prices dynamics are characterized by high volatility, high intensity jumps, and upward drifts, and are concomitant with underlying fundamentals of coal markets and China’s economy. Furthermore, markets expected coal prices to still remain volatile and jumpy with higher probability and stay in jump for the next couple of years.
Factors promoting larch dominance in central Siberia: fire versus growth performance and implications for carbon dynamics at the boundary of evergreen and deciduous conifers

Abstract. The relative role of fire and of climate in determining canopy species composition and aboveground carbon stocks were investigated. Measurements were made along a transect extending from the dark taiga zone of central Siberia, where Picea and Abies dominate the canopy, into the Larix zone of eastern Siberia. We test the hypotheses that the change in canopy species composition is based (1) on climate-driven performance only, (2) on fire only, or (3) on fire-performance interactions. We show that the evergreen conifers Picea obovata and Abies sibirica are the natural late-successional species both in central and eastern Siberia, provided there has been no fire for an extended period of time. There are no changes in performance of the observed species along the transect. Fire appears to be the main factor explaining the dominance of Larix and of soil carbon. Of lesser influence were longitude as a proxy for climate, local hydrology and active-layer thickness. We can only partially explain fire return frequency, which is not only related to climate and land cover, but also to human behavior. Stand-replacing fires decreased from 300 to 50 yrs between the Yenisei Ridge and the upper Tunguska. Repeated non-stand-replacing surface fires eliminated the regeneration of Abies and Picea. With every 100 yrs since the last fire, the percentage of Larix decreased by 20%. Biomass of stems of single trees did not show signs of age-related decline. Relative diameter increment was 0.41 ± 0.20% at breast height and stem volume increased linearly over time with a rate of about 0.36 t C ha−1 yr−1 independent of age class and species. Stand biomass reached about 130 t C ha−1(equivalent to about 520 m3 ha−1). Individual trees of Larix were older than 600 yrs. The maximum age and biomass seemed to be limited by fungal rot of heart wood. 60% of old Larix and Picea and 30% of Pinus sibirica trees were affected by stem rot. Implications for the future role of fire and of plant diseases are discussed.
E XPLORING THE INTERGENERATIONAL NATURE OF MENTAL HEALTH : EVIDENCE FROM THREE GENERATIONS

This paper uses the British Cohort Study (1970) to quantify the intergenerational persistence of poor mental health and to test the hypothesis that this persistence is a mechanism through which socioeconomic disadvantage is passed on across generations. We find an intergenerational correlation in mental health of about 0.2 that is stronger through the maternal than the paternal line, and that depends on the age of exposure. This estimate is robust to controlling for common confounders, sample and mental health definitions, measurement error, and potential endogeneity in maternal mental health. Crucially, the intergenerational persistence is economically relevant, with maternal mental health having lasting effects on the child‟s educational attainment, future household income and the probability of having criminal convictions.
Role of purinergic signaling in pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling

Irreversible vascular remodeling has a central role in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Hypoxia and inflammation are prominent features in PAH, along with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of vessel wall layers. Although, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is thought to drive the multiple forms of vascular remodeling, the origins of this phenomenon are poorly understood. Extracellular ATP and its metabolites are important regulators of vascular tone, permeability, and homeostasis. Yet little is known about their role in pathological vascular remodeling. By using chronic hypoxia and PAH animal models as well as human PAH patient samples, this study was undertaken to evaluate the catalytic activities and expression levels of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1, otherwise known as CD39) and other purine-converting ectoenzymes with a primary focus on vascular EC. For this purpose we employed thin-layer chromatographic enzyme assays with H-labelled nucleotide substrates, in combination with various immunoassays and qPCR. In addition we have developed a highly sensitive assay for simultaneous sensing of extracellular ATP and its metabolites and also a novel method for measuring CD39 activity in modeled to in vivo conditions. In functional assays, cells or animals were stimulated through purine signaling pathways and proliferation, apoptosis, permeability, and DNA damage were assayed. Our results clearly demonstrated that the activity of CD39 was downregulated in chronic hypoxia, monocrotaline induced animal models of PAH and in human PAH patients. Attenuated enzyme activities could create a niche in the vasculature where ATP levels were increased and adenosine levels were decreased. Even a small increase in ATP concentration was enough to induce an apoptosis-resistant, hyper-proliferative, and DNA-damageresistant phenotype in ECs of pulmonary origin. The observed effects were at least partly dependent on P2Y11 receptor activation. In addition, we found that low ATP concentrations could induce pulmonary smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, we found that small apelin peptide could directly restore the downregulated CD39 activity. This study implies that purinergic signaling, ATP mediated cell activation in particular, plays a truly significant role in pathological vascular remodeling, and that it could be used as a therapeutic target. Moreover, purinergic signaling pathways could be used before vascular injury to precondition EC against irradiation or chemotherapy induced DNA damage.
Technologies, Products and Organization in the Innovating Firm: What Adam Smith Tells Us and Joseph Schumpeter Doesn't

Adam Smith's insights into the increasingly specialized nature of knowledge production are crucially important in understanding the contemporary problems of managing innovating firms. Products and firms are based on an increasing range of fields of specialized technological understanding. Competition is not based on technological diversity, but on diversity and experimentation in products, etc. Firms rarely fail because of an inability to master a new field of technology, but because they do not succeed in matching the firm's systems of coordination and control to the nature of the available technological opportunities. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University Press.
Estimation of the Atmospheric Flux of Nutrients and Trace Metals to the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

Atmospheric deposition contributes potentially significant amounts of the nutrients iron, nitrogen and phosphorus (via mineral dust and anthropogenic aerosols) to the oligotrophic tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Transport pathways, deposition processes and source strengths contributing to this atmospheric flux are all highly variable in space and time. Atmospheric sampling was conducted during 28 research cruises through the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) over a 12 year period and a substantial dataset of measured concentrations of nutrients and trace metals in aerosol and rainfall over the region was acquired. This database was used to quantify (on a spatial- and seasonal-basis) the atmospheric input of ammonium, nitrate, soluble phosphorus and soluble and total iron, aluminium and manganese to the ETNA. The magnitude of atmospheric input varies strongly across the region, with high rainfall rates associated with the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone contributing to high wet deposition fluxes in the south, particularly for soluble species. Dry deposition fluxes of species associated with mineral dust exhibited strong seasonality, with highest fluxes associated with winter-time low-level transport of Saharan dust. Overall (wet plus dry) atmospheric inputs of soluble and total trace metals were used to estimate their soluble fractions. These also varied with season and were generally lower in the dry north than in the wet south. The ratio of ammonium plus nitrate to soluble iron in deposition to the ETNA was lower than the N:Fe requirement for algal growth in all cases, indicating the importance of the atmosphere as a source of excess iron.
Determination of Important Pulp Properties of Hybrid Poplar by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Hybrid poplars are widely grown in the northwestern United States for manufacturing short fiber market pulp. Improvement of whole-tree basic density and pulp yield, important variables in the economics of pulp production, is an objective of tree breeding programs; but the number of trees analyzed is limited by expensive analytical methods. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy provides a rapid alternative, and in this study we investigate its ability to estimate poplar pulpwood properties. Whole-tree cellulose content and pulp yield calibrations, based on 3- and 6-year-old clones, were generally strong, while relationships were weaker for basic density. Breast height cores from 6-year-old clones gave a strong core cellulose content calibration. Cellulose content and pulp yield calibrations based on NIR spectra from milled increment cores and whole-tree data gave strong relationships for 6-year-old clones, indicating that the prediction of these properties, on a whole-tree basis, using breast height increment cores may be possible.
Rumen health of wild ruminants

Investigations on rumen health of different wild ruminants in relation to feeding management Barbara Schilcher, Katrin Baumgartner, Hans Geyer, Annette Liesegang Department of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Tiergarten Nuremberg, Am Tiergarten 30, D-90480 Nuremberg, Germany Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland *Corresponding author: Barbara.Schilcher@gmx.de
Effects of Lower Dietary Lysine and Energy Content on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs

Fifty-four PIC barrows were used to evaluate the effects of lower dietary lysine content and energy level on carcass characteristics and meat quality in slaughter pigs. Pigs were allotted to one of three treatments by body weight with six replicate pens in each treatment. The dietary treatments for body weights of 20-50 kg, 50-80 kg and 80-90 kg were as follows, respectively: control diet (digestible energy 14.22 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.67 g/MJ, 0.53 g/MJ and 0.42 g/MJ); a low lysine group (digestible energy 14.22 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.49, 0.38 and 0.30 g/MJ); and a low lysine-low energy group or low nutrient group (digestible energy 13.11 MJ/kg, lysine/DE 0.49, 0.38 and 0.30 g/MJ). The daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were calculated in the overall growth period (nearly 12 weeks). Meanwhile, carcass characteristics and meat quality were evaluated at 60 and 90 kg body weight respectively. During the overall growth trial, lowering dietary lysine and nutrient level both decreased weight gain (p<0.05) and feed efficiency (p<0.01). At 60 kg body weight, decreasing dietary lysine and nutrient level noticeably decreased dressing percentage (p<0.01) and back fat depth at last rib of PIC pigs (p<0.01), but enhanced marbling scores (p<0.10), intramuscular fat content (p<0.10) and water loss rate (p<0.01) of the longissimus dorsi muscle. At 90 kg body weight, lean percentage (p<0.01) was evidently reduced by both lowering lysine content and nutrient level in the diet. However, the shoulder back fat depth (p<0.05) and marbling scores of the loin eye muscle (p<0.05) were increased; Lowering dietary nutrient level could improve back fat depth of 10th rib (p<0.01) and last rib (p<0.01), intramuscular fat content (p<0.10), redness (p<0.01) and water loss rate of the loin eye muscle (p<0.05), but decrease loin area (p<0.05). Finally, when comparing the 60 kg and 90 kg slaughter weights, it was found that the shoulder back fat depth (p<0.01, p<0.10), 6th-7th rib (p<0.01, p<0.01), 10th-rib (p<0.01, p<0.01) and last rib back fat depth (p<0.01, p<0.01) of the low lysine and low nutrient group were all obviously increased comparing with the control group. Taken together, the results showed that decreasing dietary lysine content and nutrient level increased intramuscular fat content and water loss rate of longissimus dorsi muscle; On the other hand, both lowering dietary lysine and nutrient level markedly compensated to increase back fat deposition in the later finishing period (body weight from 60