Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHAPTER 2 THE SOURCE ZONE REMEDIATION CHALLENGE

It is well recognized by stakeholders that restoration of soil and groundwater contaminated by organic chemicals in the form of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) poses major technical, economic and institutional challenges. As of 2012, few case studies of restoration (defined as achieving concentrations at or below maximum contaminant levels [MCLs], thus allowing for unrestricted use and unlimited exposure at the site) have been reported for source zones where DNAPL releases resulted in significant contaminant plumes. While the consequences of DNAPL releases on groundwater quality are easily observed and have been widely documented, the characterization and remediation of DNAPLs in groundwater remain problematic. At many sites, characterization of the location, distribution and amount of DNAPL causing continued groundwater contamination is difficult and often inaccurate (Mercer et al., 2010). Removal or in situ destruction of DNAPLs, even when reasonably well characterized, has proven difficult in saturated zones with any significant degree of heterogeneity (Pankow and Cherry, 1996; Kavanaugh et al., 2003; NRC, 2005). DNAPL sites continue to represent a significant fraction of the sites impacted by chlorinated solvents and other chemicals characterized as DNAPLs. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1993a) evaluated the likelihood of DNAPL presence at 712 National Priorities List (NPL) sites (roughly 55% of all NPL sites as of 1991). At 44 of these 712 sites, DNAPL was observed directly in the subsurface. The likelihood of DNAPL occurrence at the remainder of the sites was estimated based on a detailed analysis of a subset of 310 sites. Extrapolation of the survey results to the universe of NPL sites indicates that approximately 60% of NPL sites (approximately 775 sites) exhibited a high-to-medium likelihood of having DNAPL present as a source of subsurface contamination. Applying the 60% estimate of DNAPL sites to the current (2012) total of approximately 1,700 NPL sites yields 768 DNAPL sites in the current Superfund program. A similar study of 77 dry cleaner sites in Modesto, California, revealed 9 sites (11.7% of sites considered) with a likelihood of DNAPL occurrence based on elevated groundwater and/or soil gas concentrations (S. Carlton, GeoTrans, Inc., Rancho Cordova, California, personal communication, 2013). Considering recent estimates of approximately 36,000 active dry cleaning facilities in the United States, the potential exists for more than 2,800 active or inactive dry cleaner sites in the United States to have DNAPL present in the subsurface. Since the early 1980s, the USEPA, Department of Energy, Department of Defense, and private industry have recognized that DNAPL site remediation entails significant technical challenges. For example, through early fundamental and applied research directed by the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, in Ada, Oklahoma, the USEPA prepared
MATERNAL ADIPOSITY AND SERUM VISFATIN LEVELS DURING FIRST TRIMESTER AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA.

R. A. Ngala 1 , F. A. Yeboah 1 , A. T. Bawah 2* , H. Alidu 2 and M. M. Seini 3 . 1. Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. 2. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana. 3. Laboratory department Ridge Hospital, Accra, Ghana. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
On the Spread of Innovation in Social Networks

In this paper we analyse different aspects of the diffusion of innovation in social network. Adopting the linear threshold model we firstly propose an algorithm based on the linear programming which takes as input a set of innovators and returns the maximal cohesive subset contained in the complement of the seed set. Then we introduce and formalize with integer programming two problems. The first one is that of finding a seed set of r individual that maximizes the spread of innovation in the network in k step. The second one is that of finding a seed set whose cardinality is minimal which diffuses the innovation to a desired set of adopters in k steps.
Financial reporting quality across listed, medium-sized and small companies in the UK: a preliminary look.

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the UK Accounting Standards Board (ASB) have adopted different financial reporting rules for different classes of company. The IASB have issued IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs) in addition to full International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); in the UK, currently companies follow IFRS (for public companies), UK GAAP (for medium-sized companies) or FRSSE (for small companies). It is difficult to evaluate the efficacy of this approach to regulation since the ASB (and IASB) are not clear as to what consequences should follow. Is the more extensive regulation for public companies expected to result in higher accounting quality than medium and small companies; or is it necessary to combat the increased opportunity and incentive for earnings management in public companies, so that there is the same accounting quality across the different groups of companies? The main objective of this study is to undertake a preliminary investigation of cash flow to earnings ratios as a measure of accounting quality in order to inform the future policy and discussion about the differential reporting framework. We find that the financial reporting behaviour of medium sized entities is significantly different from public and small companies. This suggests that accounting standards do not equalise accounting quality.
GIS analysis of effects of future Baltic sea level rise on the island of Gotland, Sweden

Abstract. Future sea level rise as a consequence of global warming will affect the world's coastal regions. Even though the pace of sea level rise is not clear, the consequences will be severe and global. Commonly the effects of future sea level rise are investigated for relatively vulnerable development countries; however, a whole range of varying regions needs to be considered in order to improve the understanding of global consequences. In this paper we investigate consequences of future sea level rise along the coast of the Baltic Sea island of Gotland, Sweden, with the aim to fill knowledge gaps regarding comparatively well-suited areas in developed countries. We study both the quantity of the loss of features of infrastructure, cultural, and natural value in the case of a 2 m sea level rise of the Baltic Sea and the effects of climate change on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, which indirectly cause saltwater intrusion in wells. We conduct a multi-criteria risk analysis by using lidar data on land elevation and GIS-vulnerability mapping, which gives the application of distance and elevation parameters formerly unimaginable precision. We find that in case of a 2 m sea level rise, 3 % of the land area of Gotland, corresponding to 99 km2, will be inundated. The features most strongly affected are items of touristic or nature value, including camping places, shore meadows, sea stack areas, and endangered plants and species habitats. In total, 231 out of 7354 wells will be directly inundated, and the number of wells in the high-risk zone for saltwater intrusion in wells will increase considerably. Some valuable features will be irreversibly lost due to, for example, inundation of sea stacks and the passing of tipping points for seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers; others might simply be moved further inland, but this requires considerable economic means and prioritization. With nature tourism being one of the main income sources of Gotland, monitoring and planning are required to meet the changes. Seeing Gotland in a global perspective, this island shows that holistic multi-feature studies of future consequences of sea level rise are required to identify overall consequences for individual regions.
The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians

Avalanches are one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the timberline on a worldwide scale. In the case of Babia Góra, avalanches are found to affect more than 1⁄3 of the length of the timberline, locally lowering it by as much as 350 m in distance. The timberline under the influence of avalanche processes is associated with steep slopes (>30°), with 90% of this being located on the massif’s northern slope. In the long run (1964-2009), around the whole massif the timberline shows a high degree of stability along 79% of its length. It proved possible to reconstruct avalanche events along the largest avalanche path in the examined massif, the Szeroki Żleb gully. Nine such events are seen to have occurred over the past 120 years, with seven of these characterising the last 50 years. The avalanche(s) occurring in winter 1975/1976 had the greatest impact on the timberline in the Szeroki Żleb gully over the examined period.
Signal and Noise Modeling of Microwave Transistors Using Characteristic Support Vector-based Sparse Regression

In this work, an accurate and reliable S- and Noise (N) - parameter black-box models for a microwave transistor are constructed based on the sparse regression using the Support Vector Regression Machine (SVRM) as a nonlinear extrapolator trained by the data measured at the typical bias currents belonging to only a single bias voltage in the middle region of the device operation do- main of (VDS/VCE, IDS/IC, f). SVRMs are novel learning machines combining the convex optimization theory with the generalization and therefore they guarantee the global minimum and the sparse solution which can be expressed as a continuous function of the input variables using a subset of the training data so called Support Vector (SV)s. Thus magnitude and phase of each S- or N- param- eter are expressed analytically valid in the wide range of device operation domain in terms of the Characteristic SVs obtained from the substantially reduced measured data. The proposed method is implemented successfully to modeling of the two LNA transistors ATF-551M4 and VMMK 1225 with their large operation domains and the comparative error-metric analysis is given in details with the counterpart method Generalized Regression Neural Network GRNN. It can be concluded that the Characteristic Support Vector based-sparse regression is an accurate and reliable method for the black-box signal and noise modeling of microwave transistors that extrapolates a reduced amount of training data consisting of the S- and N-data measured at the typical bias currents belonging to only a middle bias voltage in the form of continuous functions into the wide operation range.
A non-stationary earthquake probability assessment with the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion

Abstract. From theory to experience, earthquake probability associated with an active fault should be gradually increasing with time since the last event. In this paper, a new non-stationary earthquake assessment motivated/derived from the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion is introduced. Different from other non-stationary earthquake analyses, the new model can more clearly define and calculate the stress states between two characteristic earthquakes. In addition to the model development and the algorithms, this paper also presents an example calculation to help explain and validate the new model. On the condition of best-estimate model parameters, the example calculation shows a 7.6 % probability for the Meishan fault in central Taiwan to induce a major earthquake in years 2015–2025, and if the earthquake does not occur by 2025, the earthquake probability will increase to 8 % in 2025–2035, which validates the new model that can calculate non-stationary earthquake probability as it should vary with time.
Fouling Evaluation of Modified Cellulose Acetate Asymmetric Membranes for Various Brackish Water Treatment

Water treatment technology which is being widely developed is membrane technology. It is an alternative technology with sieving mechanism, electrodialysis, electro deionization, and reverse osmosis principle. The main purposes of this research are to investigate the effects of additives and thermal treatment on the cellulose acetate membrane morphology and performance in brackish water treatment.The membrane was fabricated by preparation of dope solution consits of cellulose acetate and acetone. The membrane was casted via dry-wet NIPS method using mechanic casting knife. Dope solution was prepared by varying the PEG concentration of 1 and 5wt-% and the annealing temperature at 60C and 25C for 10 seconds. The backwash technique was used to remove foulant deposition on the membrane surface. The results of SEM and FTIR showed that the higher PEG addition to the dope solution resulted in larger membrane pore size and increase the hydrophilic properties of membrane. However the higher temperature and the longer annealing time, the skin layer of membrane become denser. The result was also shown that back wash technique could reduce foulant deposition in the nanofiltration membrane.
International Atomic Energy Agency THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS EFFECTIVE ACTION OF SOFTLY BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES

We study the renormalization of (softly) broken supersymmetric theories at the one loop level in detail. We perform this analysis in a superspace approach in which the supersymmetry breaking interactions are parameterized using spurion insertions. We comment on the uniqueness of this parameterization. We compute the one loop renormalization of such theories by calculating superspace vacuum graphs with multiple spurion insertions. To preform this computation efficiently we develop algebraic properties of spurion operators, that naturally arise because the spurions are often surrounded by superspace projection operators. Our results are general apart from the restrictions that higher super covariant derivative terms and some finite effects due to non–commutativity of superfield dependent mass matrices are ignored. One of the soft potentials induces renormalization of the Kähler potential. MIRAMARE – TRIESTE December 2006 grootnib@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de tnyawelo@ictp.it
Morphinomimetic activity of synthetic fragments of beta-lipotropin and analogs.

In the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle bioassay, beta-endorphin, i.e., beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH)-[61-91], has a potency of 450 with confidence limits of 281-966 when Met5-enkephalin is used as a reference standard with a potency of 100. The primary amide and the ethylamide of Met5-enkephalin have potencies statistically overlapping with that of beta-endorphin. The primary amide of alpha-endorphin has twice the potency of the free acid form of alpha-endorphin. An intact NH2-terminal tyrosine is not necessary for full intrinsic activity. The shortest fragment of beta-LPH with morphinomimetic activity is beta-LPH-[61-64].
Change Detection in a Distillation Column Based on the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Approach

With increasing demands for efficiency, product quality, reliability and process safety, the field of fault detection (FD) plays an important role in chemical industries. This paper deals with a FD method based on the combination of Generalized Likelihood Ration Test (GLRT) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). A reliable neural model in normal conditions, under all regimes (i.e. steady-state and dynamic conditions), is found by means of a NARX (Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with eXogenous input) model and by an experimental design. The efficiency of the combination of these two approaches used for detecting faults has been tested under real anomalous conditions on a real plant as a distillation column. From the experimental results, it is observed that the proposed FD is able to detect the process status effectively.
0.19% Subsidy-Free Spatial Pricing

Consider a population of customers uniformly spread over the entire plane, that faces a problem of locating facilities to be used as delivery places by these customers. The cost of every facility is �nanced by its users only, who, in addition, face an idiosyncratic private access (say transporation) cost to the facility. We assume that the facilities' cost is independent of location and access costs are linear with respect to the Euclidean distance. We show that that an external intervention
The IRE 1 and XBP 1 / spliced XBP 1 ( sXBP 1 ) Pathway

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis as it is the site of translation, folding and covalent modification of proteins either destined for secretion or expressed on the surface of other organelles and the plasma membrane. The cytoplasmic surface of the ER membrane is also the primary site of triglyceride, phospholipid and sterol synthesis and therefore, is a hub of membrane synthesis and cellular metabolism. Many studies have established the ER as a major site of intracellular Ca storage essential for hormone/neurotransmitter signaling. More recent work has also begun to identify unexpected functions of the ER in diverse cellular processes including mitochondrial fission, endosomal dynamics and autophagy.
Engaging African American teens in co-creating and disseminating social media based HIV prevention messages

Social media is a popular online activity among African American teens, and may afford opportunities for delivering HIV prevention initiatives to this at-risk group. In this case report, we describe the development and pilot testing of a program using a participatory method to engage African American teens in actively designing, co-creating, and disseminating HIV prevention messages using YouTube, a popular video sharing social media platform. We conducted two sequential formative pilot evaluations. In the first pilot study conducted in 2013 we employed a participatory research approach to develop and test a curriculum with emphasis on education, use of social media, and video production and development. During the second pilot study in 2014, we delivered the program to a group of teens and obtained feedback to further refine our curriculum. We enrolled 17 teens, ages 16–18, with 5 in the first pilot and 12 in the second pilot. Participating teens independently created and uploaded peer-generated HIV prevention videos to YouTube. Overall, teens across both pilot studies reported high satisfaction with the session content. This program was locally developed and required few resources, and emerged as feasible and something that the community center would like to continue to deliver. Employing a participatory approach for co-creating social media-based content to target HIV-related health behaviors may appeal to this generation’s tech savvy youth, and can potentially inform future efforts for reaching at-risk teens.
An Interactive Image Retrieval System Using Deep Learning

: Image retrieval process is searching and retrieving pictures from large image data sets. As the images grow diverse and complex, retrieving the the proper images becomes a tough challenge. With the development of internet and the inventions of image capturing devices like digital cameras, image scanners , the size of the digital image collection has increased rapidly it is very difficult for storing and retrieving digital images which have completely different application like fashion design, medicine, architecture, crime prevention, virtual museums, military and security measures and personal photo albums. Therefore an efficient image retrieval system is needed. The retrieval model of the existing system lacks accuracy and hence leads to a less reliable system. In order to achieve this objective, an interactive image retrieval system using deep learning is introduced, which helps to achieve accuracy in retrieval model. The system support both tag based image retrieval and content based image retrieval using automatic image annotation. The proposed system introduce a deep learning framework for automatic image annotation by training large scale deep convolutional neural networks for learning effective feature representations of images which help to build and train intelligent machines like human to tackle real-world images.
Projected Pupil Plane Pattern:an alternative LGS wavefront sensing technique

For the next generation of extremely large telescopes, Focal Anisoplanatism (FA) renders single Laser Guide Star AO useless. Here we analyze a novel LGS alternative configuration with corresponding wavefront sensing and reconstruction method, termed Projected Pupil Plane Pattern, to solve the problem of Focal Anisoplanatism. With PPPP, turbulence is sensed during uplink by a laser beam projected as a collimated beam from the whole telescope primary mirror. Phase changes due to the turbulence introduce intensity variations that then increase in amplitude with propagation distance. By observing the distribution of intensity at two distant planes, the Transport-of- Intensity equation can be used to determine the phase aberration encountered during the uplink path. A simple imaging camera can then be used to measure the wavefront by imaging the backscattered light patterns. We have successfully demonstrated PPPP works both by simulation and laboratory experiment, where we find that PPPP can achieve equivalent performance to a SH WFS associated with a NGS. However it is shown that the main problem of PPPP is its low Signal-to-Noise Ratio if a 20W laser is used. To reduce the requirement for high laser power, an alternative reconstructor based upon nonlinear Artificial Neural Networks has been developed, and provides a wavefront with measurement error around 160nm RMS with a single 200W laser on a 4-m diameter telescope. PPPP is therefore ready for a practical on sky test, which we are currently undertaking at Electro Optical Systems (EOS) Debris Laser Ranging (DLR) system, Australia.
Impact of risk and uncertainty on sustainable development of Kolubara lignite basin

The paper analyzes the various risks and uncertainties and their possible impact on the future development of the Kolubara lignite basin area (Belgrade metropolitan region). What has been examined are the risks caused by the global financial crisis to investments in coal exploitation and processing and the construction of new gas pipelines; the possible change in the preference of international actors for investing in the coal exploitation and processing in the Kolubara basin; the major strategic options in Serbia's energy supply; "acquis communautaire" in the energy field and environmental protection and planning, The Energy Community Treaty of South East Europe, the Kyoto Protocol, the impact of price policies on coal and electric energy, restructuring and the privatization of the public enterprise "EPS" and "Kolubara", aplication of Operational Directive WB of Involuntary Resettlement and Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. The basic findings have been pointed out: the new development pattern must adhere to all the standards that are prescribed by the international commitments that Serbia has undertaken and the new development model requests significant institutional and organizational adjustments in the field of development management of the Kolubara coal basin complex.