Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on effect of genotype and culture medium on callus formation and plant regeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A study on the effect of genotype and culture medium on callus induced in seed explants of ten rice cultivars indicated significant variances due to genotypes, media and genotype x medium interactions (except callus induction frequency) for eight characters related to callusing and plant regeneration. Among the genotypes, Pusa Basmati 1 gave the best overall callusing response. For plantlet regeneration, variety Pant Dhan 4 recorded the highest number of green spots and shoots while Sarju 52 had the highest potential for the length of longest shoot and rooting. Likewise the MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl−1, 2,4-D for callusing and 2.0 mgl−1 IAA plus 3.0 mgl−1 KN (MS (3)) for shooting while 3.0 mgl−1 IAA plus 4.0 mgr 1 KN (MS (4)) for rooting gave the best results. Some of the selected combinations like Pant Ohan 4 on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl−1 2,4-D plus 1.0 mgl−1 KN displayed excellent callusing capacity while Pant Ohan 4 on MS (3) and MS (4), Sarju 52 on MS (4) and Pusa Basmati 14.0 mgl−1 lAA plus 4.0 mgl−1 KN (MS (5)) exhibited best regeneration capacity, and therefore, of fer good scope for high totipotency using appropriate genotype and media with propercombination of hormones.
Influence of diet on the intestinal microflora and meat flavour of intensively‐reared broiler chickens

1. An attempt has been made to modify the composition of the gut flora of broiler chickens by dietary means in order to determine any concurrent changes in meat flavour. 2. Birds given a diet containing an increasing proportion of whole wheat supplemented with fresh green vegetable matter (special diet) were compared with conventionally‐fed controls. At 12 weeks of age those receiving the special diet had 10 to 100‐fold higher counts of Escherichia colt and faecal streptococci in the duodenum and lower small intestine and showed differences in the intestinal incidence of species and biotypes of lactobacilli. 3. Evaluation of cooked breast‐meat samples by a trained sensory panel showed a significant difference in flavour (P < 0.01) between conventional and special‐diet birds which varied from perceptually very slight to slight. The main terms used in distinguishing special‐diet birds from conventional controls included ‘richer’, ‘meatier’ and ‘sweeter’. 4. Storage of plucked, uneviscerated birds at 4 °C fo.
The role of the cyst stage in the seasonal growth of the dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella within a small productive lake

Large populations of the dinoflagellate Ceratium hirundinella occur regularly in a small productive lake and their decline during September and October is normally associated with mass encystment. Evidence for the major role of benthic cysts in providing the inoculum for subsequent growth is given from morphological and quantitative studies over two contrasting years of cyst production, 1980 and 1981. For both years there were two distinct phases of population increase in the plankton. Low winter densities were followed by rapid rates of increase during February and March at the same time as empty cysts appeared in the sediment. These changes occurred when water temperatures rose from approx. 3 to 5°C. After near-stationary periods in April and May 1980 and April to June 1981 there followed phases of exponential growth but at appreciably slower rates of population increase than during recruitment from excystment. That excystment was the major contributor to the rapid vernal increase of planktonic cells is.
Restoring Landscapes—Governing Place: A Learning Approach to Forest Landscape Restoration

Forest landscape restoration is gaining ground, not least because of the role of forests in mitigating climate change. At present, pilot projects are initiated to generate “good practice” and “lessons learned” that can be scaled up to higher levels of policy making. However, landscape restoration is not new. People have always been constructing and restoring their landscapes to safeguard their livelihoods. A better understanding of existing local practice will help in identifying and implementing new restoration initiatives, and assure sustainable outcomes. Understanding local restoration practice means: (a) understanding how the biophysical conditions of landscapes are reshaped over time through the collective decisions of a landscape's inhabitants; and (b) understanding the governance mechanisms underlying these collective decisions. Thinking of governance from a landscape perspective adds a spatial dimension to governance as a means of reconnecting governance to landscape, citizenship to place. This offers the opportunity to cross administrative and political boundaries, allowing for broader groups of actors to engage in spatial decision making. Constructing networks across scales thus becomes an instrument for enhancing learning processes within and between landscapes and a means to scale up good forest landscape restoration practice for wider application at a global scale.
In the Eye of the Beholder: The Role of Needs-Based Assessment in IP Address Market Transfers

Objective: Prior work by the authors empirically describes the secondary market for IPv4 address resources (Mueller, Kuerbis and Asghari 2012). Initial results indicated that the Regional Internet Registries’ (RIRs’) needs assessment policies introduce significant friction in the IPv4 secondary market and may be inconsistent with organizations’ demand and planning time horizons. The objective of this study is to determine whether when the numbers sold in the secondary market that do go through needs assessments are immediately put to use, as the needs assessment is intended to enforce. This will provide greater insight to the role of administrative needs assessment policies in the IP address transfer market. Hypotheses: We hypothesize that address blocks acquired in the secondary market after needs assessments are not necessarily more likely to be utilized (i.e., publicly routed). Such a finding would suggest that needs assessments retard the secondary market without bringing any compensating benefits such as reducing hoarding. Current policy debates in the RIRs are considering extending the time horizon of, or eliminating entirely, needs based assessment for transferred resources. This is similar to what occurred in spectrum secondary market in US, with the FCC putting aside cumbersome administrative evaluation processes in favor of expediting transfers. Method: By observing changes in the Internet’s routing topology archives and relating it to transfers data, the authors will create and analyze a new dataset describing the extent to which transferred address resources are being utilized in the Internet. Using a script, we also loop over the legacy IP address space, checking the Autonomous System Number associated with tradable prefix blocks in every month of the period of study. The underlying routing data for these lookups comes from the Route-Views archives. The method employed is new and the subject matter (IPv4 secondary market) is relatively unexplored.
John Francis Diaz-Finance ethics for the masses with a MOOC

This proposal is a product of the authors’ years of teaching (required) Business Ethics classes in the master and doctoral programs and (elective) undergraduate classes in Finance Ethics. The proposed course can supplement the traditional delivery of the more established Business Ethics courses, because this onlinebased Finance Ethics class builds upon the theories and concepts discussed in Ethics courses. This project is also a good supplement, because it provides solid and rich discussions of case studies related to
Investigations on the in vitro effects of aqueous Eurycoma longifolia Jack extract on male reproductive functions

s and Presentations:  UWC Science Research Open Day (2011): Poster Presentation Erasmus N, Solomon MC, Fortuin KA, Henkel RR: Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) extract on human spermatozoa in vitro, Bellville, South Africa; abstract book p. 33.  40 Physiology Society of Southern Africa (2012): Oral Presentation Erasmus N, Solomon MC, Fortuin KA, Henkel RR: Effect of aqueous extract of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) on human spermatozoa in vitro. Stellenbosch, South Africa, abstract book p. 54.  40 Physiology Society of Southern Africa (2012): Oral Presentation Solomon M, Erasmus N, Henkel RR: The effect of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) on reproductive functions in the rat. Stellenbosch, South Africa, abstract book p. 53. v  7 European Congress of Andrology (2012): Poster Presentation Erasmus N, Solomon MC, Fortuin KA, Henkel RR. Eurycoma longifolia extract at therapeutical concentrations does not negatively affect human sperm functions in vitro. J Reprod Med Endocrinol 9: 364-365.  7 European Congress of Andrology (2012): Oral Presentation Solomon MC, Erasmus N, Henkel RR (2012). In vivo effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) extract on reproductive functions in the rat. J Reprod Med Endocrinol 9: 338.
The Transmission Dynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

The paper first reviews data on HIV infections and AIDS disease among homosexual men, heterosexuals, intravenous (iv) drug abusers and children born to infected mothers, in both developed and developing countries. We survey such information as is currently available about the distribution of incubation times that elapse between HIV infection and the appearance of AIDS, about the fraction of those infected with HIV who eventually go on to develop AIDS, about time-dependent patterns of infectiousness and about distributions of rates of acquiring new sexual or needle-sharing partners. With this information, models for the transmission dynamics of HIV are developed, beginning with deliberately oversimplified models and progressing - on the basis of the understanding thus gained - to more complex ones. Where possible, estimates of the model’s parameters are derived from the epidemiological data, and predictions are compared with observed trends. We also combine these epidemiological models with demographic considerations to assess the effects that heterosexually-transmitted HIV/ AIDS may eventually have on rates of population growth, on age profiles and on associated economic and social indicators, in African and other countries. The degree to which sexual or other habits must change to bring the ‘basic reproductive rate ’, R 0 , of HIV infections below unity is discussed. We conclude by outlining some research needs, both in the refinement and development of models and in the collection of epidemiological data.
The variegated leafhopper, an increasing pest of grapes

S i n c e 1980, when the variegated leafhopper was first reported in California’s San Joaquin Valley, it has developed into a serious pest of raisin, wine, and table grapes in the lower valley. The variegated leafhopper, Erythroneura variabilis, builds up into large populations late in the season, causing fruit spotting on table grapes, threatening long-term reduction in raisin and grape yields as a result of late-season vine defoliation, and causing a nuisance to pickers at harvest. Increased insecticide applications against this leafhopper are also leading to more secondary outbreaks of mite pests. Before 1980, the variegated leafhopper had been present, at least since the early 1930s, over the Tehachapi Mountains south of Bakersfield in southern California. Its range currently extends to Livingston, about 70 miles north of Fresno, and it is expected soon to reach all areas occupied by the similar but less damaging grape leafhopper, E. elegantula. We are conducting research on the variegated leafhopper with the following goals: (1) to obtain biological information needed for effective monitoring of vineyard populations; (2) to develop guidelines for chemical control; (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of imported natural enemies for a long-term approach to the problem (imported parasites are through the cooperation of Dan Gonzalez, Division of Biological Control, UC Riverside); and (4) to develop a crop-linked predictive model to aid in management of the insect. The research concentrates on: (1) the behavior of variegated leafhopper on the vine, including its distribution pattern during the season, taking into consideration cultivar (Thompson Seedless, Ribiera, and Emperor), rootstock, cover crop, and effect of insecticides; (2) the inDonald L. Flaherty
A Gradient Analysis of Southern Wisconsin Forests

While study of southern Wisconsin forests has led to numerous conceptual advances in ecology, a clear understanding of variation in these forests in relation to environmental factors and successional processes has failed to emerge. The present study was undertaken to (1) determine the principal factors controlling or closely correlated with forest composition, (2) formulate a multidimen- sional gradient representation using these factors, and (3) reexamine forest composition and dynamics using this representation. It was also expected that this study might help place in perspective the extensive early research on Wisconsin forests and subsequent methodological advances in gradient analysis and ordination. Principal component analysis was used to represent compositional variation of southern Wisconsin forests. Analysis of environmental variation within the resultant ordination suggested two gradients to account for much of the variation observed. These were a moisture-nutrients gradient based on soil texture and a dynamics gradient based on tree size-class data. These gradients, reformulated, serve as axes in a two dimensional scheme of forest characterization. Within this characterization scheme, early successional forests on mesic to xeric sites respectively are dominated by Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Quercus macrocarpa, and Quercus velutina. On mesic sites succession proceeds through stands dominated by Ulmus rubra to dominance by Acer saccharum. Dry-mesic stands appear to have dominance shared at climax by Q. alba, Carya ovata, and Prunus serotina. On extreme xeric sites, Q. macrocarpa and Q. velutina tend to form stable stands. Thus, the successional sequence becomes progressively shorter toward the xeric end of the moisture-nutrient gradient. The original continuum of Curtis and McIntosh was an abstract gradient implying no direct relation- ship to either site condition or successional status. Use of such factors in the present characterization allows a more precise conceptualization of functional relationships between forest types. In addition the methodology illustrates the complementary usage of mathematical ordination as an exploratory tool and gradient analysis as both a means of representing the relationships discovered and as a framework within which additional critical questions can be formulated and addressed.
Pengembangan Media Padat untuk Menumbuhkan Mycobacterium bovis (DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID MEDIUM FOR MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS CULTIVATION)

Mycobacterial culture provides definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), but commercially readyto-use culture media for Mycobacterium bovis are rarely available. The aims of this study were todevelop and to evaluate the ability of M. Bovis to grow in Modified Ogawa Agar (MOA) in comparisonwith the available culture media, such as Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) and Modified Ogawa (MO). Eachmedia were inculation with 0.1 ml suspension of 105 CFU/mL M. bovis and M. phlei in PhosphateBuffer Saline (PBS) and each media was replicated in five tubes. Mycobacterium phlei grew in everymedium since day 4. M. bovis grew in media LJ and MO since day 17, but failed to grow in mediumMOA. The recovery rate of M. phlei in LJ and MOA were significantly different. The ability of MOA tocultivate M. phlei was different from LJ. Colonies of M. phlei in MOA were easier to be harvested, muchsimpler to prepare, and more feasible than medium LJ. The recovery rate of M. bovis in media LJ andMO were not significantly different, but medium MO were much simpler to prepare and more feasiblethan medium LJ. Media MOA were able to cultivate M. phlei, but proven unable to cultivate M. bovisin this research.
Anti-Asthmatic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ocimum sanctum

AbstractThe anti-asthmatic activity of a 50% aqueous ethanol extract of dried and fresh leaves, and the volatile and fixed oils of Ocimum sanctum was evaluated against histamine- and acetylcholine-in-duced pre-convulsive dyspnea (PCD) in guinea pigs. The 50% ethanol extract of fresh leaves, volatile oil extracted from fresh leaves and fixed oil from the seeds significantly protected the guinea pigs against histamine- and acetylcholine-induced PCD. These extracts also inhibited hind paw edema induced in rats by treatment with carrageenan, serotonin, histamine or PGE2. However, the 50% ethanol extract of dried leaves did not protect the guinea pigs against histamine-induced PCD.
The importance of genotype by environment interaction with reference to control populations

A basic problem in any experiment involving the use of genetic material has been the separation of environmental and genetic effects. Meaningful comparisons within generation may be made between treatments without the use of a control when the treatments are applied to the same population and all of the material is grown in the same environment. When the experiment involves several generations, genetic treatments cannot be related to the original generation without assuming that the environment has remained constant. Other kinds of treatment comparisons cannot be related to the original generation without further assuming that the genetic differences occur randomly over treatments or that drift is not a source of bias. Some method of maintaining genetic material for comparison with later generations is necessary for population studies spanning several generations. The value of control populations has been recognized by workers who have used controls as an aid in evaluating response to selection (Robertson & Reeve, 1952; Bel led. , 1955). Two general types of controls other than inbred lines have been suggested. Random-bred control populations constitute one general type of control. These have been utilized in poultry (King etal., 1959;GoweetaZ., 19596). A second general type of control is the method of repeat matings. Repeat mating systems have been suggested for both dairy cattle (Hickman, 1958), and poultry (Goodwin et al., 1960). Control populations can be used to answer two distinct questions in selection studies:
The Effect of Examinee Motivation on Test Construction Within an IRT Framework

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a false assumption regarding the motivation of examinees on test construction. Simulated data were generated using two models of item responses (the three-parameter logistic item response model alone and in combination with Wise’s examinee persistence model) and were calibrated using a Bayesian method. For the conditions studied, biased item parameter estimates resulted from responses from poorly motivated examinees. Bias in item parameter estimates resulted in bias in item information estimates and test information estimates for an optimally constructed test. The direction and magnitude of the bias depended on conditions studied. The implications of the results for test development companies, examinees, and users of test results are discussed.
LMMN-Based Adaptive Control for Power Quality Improvement of Grid Intertie Wind–PV System

A new topology comprising of wind-turbine-driven synchronous generator (SG) and solar photovoltaic (PV) array for renewable energy harvesting is proposed in this paper. The stochastic inputs for the proposed system are agitated using nonlinear time-dependent parameters such as varying wind speed and changing solar insolation. The speed variations are absorbed using back-to-back interfaced power electronic converters (PECs), namely, SG side converter (SGC) and utility grid side converter (UGC) with a common dc link where a solar PV array is tied directly. The power injection into the utility grid is leveled by the optimal utilization of the PECs. The SGC uses vector control (VC) for speed control of the SG and maintains unity power factor (UPF) at stator terminals. UGC acquires its switching pulses with proper application of least mean mixed-norm (LMMN) control technique. The new application of LMMN control scheme is used for the compensation of harmonics and for the extraction of fundamental load component. The dc-link voltage is regulated using a proportional integral controller. A prototype is developed and tested under different conditions of sudden changes in load, wind-velocity variations, and varying solar PV insolation. The power sharing scheme proves to be effective. The power quality issues are also addressed and mitigated effectively. The performance is exhibited for the validation of the proposed system and its control.
Diversity of total, nitrogen‐fixing and denitrifying bacteria in an acid forest soil

To assess the diversity of total, denitrifying and N2‐fixing bacteria in a nitrogen (N)‐limited, acid forest soil, isolated DNA was analysed for the genes 16S rRNA, nosZ and nifH. Sequence information for these genes was obtained from clone libraries and from our TReFID computer program, which employs terminal restriction patterns for bacteria using multiple restriction enzymes. Both approaches indicated that Proteobacteria (α‐ and γ‐groups) and Acidobacteria dominated. A comprehensive list of bacteria retrieved from this soil is provided and compared with literature data on the bacterial community compositions from other sites. The study indicated that the current PCR conditions with the primers employed allowed retrieval of only a portion of the bacteria occurring in soils. Massive treatment of a soil plot with NH4NO3 caused an increase in the N content, which was rapidly followed by an enhancement of carbon (C) content. Thus the C/N ratio stayed below 16.0 and the soil remained N‐limited. This may explain why the bacterial diversity did not undergo drastic shifts as was tentatively inferred from the available data sets.
Mobile Small Cells for Adaptive RAN Densification: Preliminary Throughput Results

In this paper, we study the capacity (i.e., the maximum achievable throughput) of radio access networks that exploit mobile small cell base stations carried by vehicles for adaptive densification in urban areas. While traditional approaches for radio access network densification with fixed small cell base stations are proving ineffective and extremely costly, mobile small cell base stations carried by vehicles can provide adaptive densification while achieving higher efficiency and lower cost. As a matter of fact, the existence of correlations between the number of mobile network subscribers and the number of vehicles in a given area allows for the spontaneous creation of temporary dense small cell deployments where and when needed. Ultimately, this approach to Radio Access Network densification increases efficiency, hence reducing costs for the operator. In this context, we first present an approach for the computation of the maximum throughput that can be obtained in an area served by traditional fixed base stations and mobile small cell base stations. We then provide initial estimates for the throughput improvements with respect to traditional deployments that rely on fixed base stations only. Evaluations in the realistic case study of the main railway station area in Milan, Italy, reveal that the use of mobile base stations achieves throughout gains up to 120% over legacy fixed access infrastructures, while granting higher fairness among subscribers.