Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of vertically extended strike object on the distribution of current along the lightning channel

On the basis of a distributed-source representation of the lightning channel, the mathematical formulations of the so-called engineering lightning return stroke models are generalized to take into account the presence of a vertically extended strike object. The strike object is modeled as a lossless uniform transmission line, and the reflection coefficients are all assumed to be constant. The distribution of current along the lightning channel for each model is expressed in terms of the "undisturbed" current, object height, and current reflection coefficients at the top and the bottom of the object. The undisturbed current is defined as the current that would flow in the channel if the current reflection coefficients at the extremities of the strike object were equal to zero, that is, the characteristic impedances of the lightning channel and the strike object were equal to each other and equal to the grounding impedance of the strike object. The distributed-source representation of the lightning channel adopted in this study allows for a more general and straightforward formulations of the generalized return-stroke models than the traditional representations implying a lumped current source at the bottom of the channel, including a self-consistent treatment of the impedance discontinuity at the tower top
Optimization Theory in Evolution

In recent years there has been a growing attempt to use mathematical methods borrowed from engineering and economics in interpreting the diversity of life. It is assumed that evolution has occurred by natural selection, and hence that complex structures and behaviors are to be interpreted in terms of the contribution they make to the survival and reproduction of their possessors-that is, to Darwinian fitness. There is nothing particularly new in this logic, which is also the basis of functional anatomy, and indeed of much physiology and molecular biology. It was followed by Darwin himself in his studies of climbing and insectivorous plants, of fertilization mechanisms and devices to ensure cross-pollination. What is new is the use of mathematical techniques such as control theory, dynamic programming, and the theory of games to generate a priori hypotheses, and the application of the method to behaviors and life history strategies. This change in method has led to the criticism (e.g. 54, 55) that the basic hypothesis of adaptation is untestable and therefore unscientific, and that the whole program of functional explanation through optimization has become a test of ingenuity rather than an enquiry into truth. Related to this is the criticism that there is no theoretical justification for any maximization principles in biology, and therefore that optimiza­ tion is no substitute for an adequate genetic model. My aim in this ' review is not to summarize the most important conclusions reached by optimization methods, but to discuss the methodology of the program and the criticisms that have been made of it. In doing so, I have taken as my starting point two articles by Lewontin (54, 55). I disagree with some of the views he expresses, but I believe that the development of evolution theory could benefit if workers in optimization paid serious attention to his criticisms. I first outline the basic structure of optimization arguments, illustrating this with three examples, namely the sex ratio, the locomotion of mammals, and foraging behavior. I then discuss the possibility that some variation may be selectively neutral, and some structures maladaptive. I summarize and comment on criticisms made by Lewontin. The most damaging undoubtedly is the difficulty of testing the
Persistent Circulation Regimes and Preferred Regime Transitions in the North Atlantic

The persistent regime behavior of the eddy-driven jet stream over the North Atlantic is investigated. The North Atlantic jet stream variability is characterized by the latitude of the maximum lower tropospheric wind speedofthe40-yrECMWFRe-Analysis(ERA-40)datafortheperiod1December1957‐28February2002.A hidden Markov model (HMM) analysis reveals that the jet stream exhibits three persistent regimes that correspond to northern, southern, and central jet states. The regime states are closely related to the North Atlantic Oscillation and the eastern Atlantic teleconnection pattern. The regime states are associated with distinct changes in the storm tracks and the frequencyof occurrence of cyclonic and anticyclonic Rossbywave breaking. Three preferred regime transitions are identified, namely, southern to central jet, northern to southern jet, and central to northern jet. The preferred transitions can be interpreted as a preference for poleward propagation of the jet, but with the southern jet state entered via a dramatic shift from the northern state. Evidence is found that wave breaking is involved in two of the three preferred transitions (northern to southern jet and central to northern jet transitions). The predictability characteristics and the interannual variability in the frequency of occurrence of regimes are also discussed.
Initial Growth of Soybean Plants from Seeds of High and Low Vigor Subjected to Water Stress

This study intends to evaluate responses on the growth of soybeans plants from seeds with high and low vigor in different drought periods. Experimental design was completely randomized in factorial AXB (Factor A: variables 0, 2, 3, 4 and 5 water stress; Factor B: level of seed vigor, high and low). Evaluations of fresh matter, plant height, leaf area and dry weight of shoots, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after emergence (DAE). Soybean plants originated from seeds with high physiological quality perform better than the plants originated from seeds of low vigor, until 40 DAE. Water stress reduces the initial growth of soybean plants originated from seeds of both high and low force, until 40 DAE. Soybean seeds of high vigor generate plants with higher growth rate of the culture until 30 DAE, besides generating plants with greater capacity for growth after returning water stress.
American great earthquakes: Implications for rupture

7 Great subduction earthquakes cause destructive surface deformation and ground 8 shaking over hundreds of kilometres. Their rupture length is limited by the 9 characteristic strength of the subduction plate interface, and by lateral variations in 10 its mechanical properties. It has been proposed that subduction of topographic 11 features such as ridges and seamounts can affect these properties and stop rupture 12 propagation, but the required relief and physical mechanisms of topographic rupture 13 limitation are not well understood. Here we show that the rupture limits of thirteen 14 historic great earthquakes along the South America-Nazca plate margin are strongly 15 correlated with subducted topography with relief >1000m, including the Juan 16 Fernandez Ridge. The northern limit of rupture in the Mw8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake 17 of 27 February 2010 is located where this ridge subducts. Analysis of intermediate18 magnitude earthquakes shows that in most places the subduction of high seafloor 19 relief creates weak, aseismic zones at the plate interface, which prevent rupture 20 propagation, but that the Juan Fernandez Ridge is associated with a locally strong 21 plate interface. The maximum rupture length, and thus magnitude, of great 22 subduction earthquakes is therefore determined by the size and lateral spacing of 23 topographic features where they are present on the subducting plate. 24 *Manuscript Click here to view linked References
To What Extent Will Climate and Land-Use Change Affect EU-28 Agriculture? A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

This paper assesses the structural, joint implications of climate and land-use change on agriculture in the European Union, by means of a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. The counterfactual simulations are conducted at the year 2050 under the second Shared Socioeconomic Pathway. We find that climate and land-use change are likely to affect agricultural systems very differently across Europe. Northern countries are expected to benefit from climate change impacts, whereas other areas in Europe will suffer negative consequences in terms of reduced agricultural output, real income and welfare. The most vulnerable region is not made of Mediterranean countries, but rather Central Europe. Our results suggest that climate and land-use changes may exacerbate existing disparities within the EU. Therefore, appropriate adaptation strategies and a more flexible land-use are required to limit these negative consequences and possibly exploit the beneficial effects of climate change in some countries.
Star Coloring and Treewidth of the Kneser Graph KG ( n , 2 )

A proper coloring of the vertices of a graph G is called a star coloring if any path of length three in G is not 2-colored. The star chromatic number of G is the minimum number of colors required to obtain a star coloring of G. In this paper, we give the exact value of the star chromatic number of the Kneser graph KG(n, 2). Moreover, we obtain a lower bound and an upper bound for the tree-width of these graphs.
A Theory of Syntax Minimal Operations and Universal Grammar

Human language seems to have arisen roughly within the last 50–100,000 years. In evolutionary terms, this is the mere blink of an eye. If this is correct, then much of what we consider distinctive to language must in fact involve operations available in pre-linguistic cognitive domains. In this book Norbert Hornstein, one of the most influential linguists working on syntax, discusses a topical set of issues in syntactic theory, including a number of original proposals at the cutting edge of research in this area. He provides a theory of the basic grammatical operations and suggests that there is only one that is distinctive to language. If this theory is correct then this narrows the evolutionary gap between verbal and non-verbal primates thus facilitating the rapid evolutionary emergence of our linguistic capacity.
A path-valued Markov process indexed by the ancestral mass

A family of Feller branching diffusions $Z^x$, $x \ge 0$, with nonlinear drift and initial value $x$ can, with a suitable coupling over the {\em ancestral masses} $x$, be viewed as a path-valued process indexed by $x$. For a coupling due to Dawson and Li, which in case of a linear drift describes the corresponding Feller branching diffusion, and in our case makes the path-valued process Markovian, we find an SDE solved by $Z$, which is driven by a random point measure on excursion space. In this way we are able to identify the infinitesimal generator of the path-valued process. We also establish path properties of $x\mapsto Z^x$ using various couplings of $Z$ with classical Feller branching diffusions.
Living Polymerization Techniques and Their Utility in Material Synthesis

*Correspondence: Diogo de Azevedo Miranda, Doctor of the Dentistry Program of SUPREMA/JF and Hospital e Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus (HMTJ)), Brasil, Alameda Salvaterra 200, 36033-003, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, E-mail: diogoodonto@yahoo.com. br Received Date: 14 Nov 2017 Accepted Date: 15 Jan 2018 Published Date: 26 Jan 2018 Citation: de Azevedo Miranda D, Catelan A. Living Polymerization Techniques and Their Utility in Material Synthesis. Ann Clin Case Rep. 2018; 3: 1494. ISSN: 2474-1655 Copyright © 2018 Diogo de Azevedo Miranda. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Review Article Published: 26 Jan, 2018
A novel soft-switched single-phase grid-connected current-source inverter

Abstract This paper represents a novel soft-switched grid-connected current-source inverter topology and an efficient control strategy using switching flow graph theory. The switching flow graph technique is a unique diagrammatic model and a convenient strategy for analyzing PWM switching converters. All power switches operate at zero-current-switching (ZCS) turn-off and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on. As a result, commutation and switching power losses will be declined; furthermore, higher efficiency is achieved. The proposed topology and control strategy for soft-switched grid-connected inverter is analyzed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally.
Effect of Dietary Orange Peel Essential Oil and Thermotolerance on Histo-morphometry and Serotonin-immunoreactive Endocrine Cell Numbers in the Small Intestines of Heat Stressed Japanese Quails

This study was conducted in order to measure the effects of early period thermal conditioning, feed restriction, supplementation of orange peel essential oil (OEO) into ration or combinations of them on small intestinal morphology and density of serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) endocrine cells (ECs) found in small intestines. 168 7-day-old Japanese quails were divided into six groups of 24-h fasting or thermal conditioning and their subgroups with and without supplementation of OEO (300 ppm) into ration. We determined that fasting and thermal conditioning increased villus height for duodenum in control groups and for jejunum in OEO groups. In addition, we detected that while fasting and thermal conditioning increased villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio in duodenum and jejunum, these applications did not affect this ratio in ileum. We found that supplementation of OEO into ration increased the number of serotonin-IR ECs in crypts of small intestine. We revealed that early period thermal conditioning increased the number of serotonin-IR ECs in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum especially in groups in which OEO was supplemented into ration. These results indicated that applications of early period thermal conditioning and feed restriction in quails may generally prevent adverse effects, caused by heat stress, on intestinal morphology.
“Yes, I can still parent. Until I die, he will always be my son”: Parental responsibility in the wake of child incarceration

This paper examines what parental responsibility means when an adolescent child is sent to prison, where the traditional parenting relationship seemingly ends and parens patriae or penal control comes into full force. Paradoxically, we argue that even in these restricted spaces of contact, parenting continues, albeit in a form which runs into frequent tension with the care/control modalities of the prison itself. Our data further demonstrate the importance of addressing a constellation of social adversities experienced by caregivers, in conjunction with the collateral consequences of offending and incarceration. Data are drawn from interviews with primary caregivers with young men in prison (n = 61).
What Makes Young Russians Happy and Satisfied With Their Lives?

Participants (N = 10,672 with the mean age of 20.7 years) of the Russian Character and Personality Survey (RCPS), involving 40 universities or colleges from across the Russian Federation, rated their happiness and satisfaction with life; the ratings were combined into an index of subjective well-being (SWB). Using the National Character Survey (NCS), participants also rated their own personality characteristics as well as those of an ideal person and a typical Russian living in their own region. Only two personality (test) subscales—N3: Depression and E6: Positive Emotions—were correlated with SWB on the between-individual level of analysis. Although spiritual values associated with a negative attitude toward money are typically regarded as an essential part of the Russian national character, our results demonstrated that only satisfaction with one’s own financial situation was a reliable predictor of SWB. In those regions where people had, on average, a higher life expectancy, better education, and a higher level of wealth, individuals also tended to be happier and more satisfied with their lives.
BİLİŞİM SEKTÖRÜNDE TEMEL YETENEK TABANLI STRATEJİLER: CMMI MODELİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

In this paper; the importance of core competence-based strategies in IT sector and its relationship of these strategies with CMMI have been investigated on a theoretical basis. The competencies that individuals in IT industry own are the most important factors that determine the success of the company and the level of sustainable competitive advantage. For a company, being aware of its competencies and determining the strategies according to their core competencies give the firm advantage over its competitors. In IT sector, it seems that focusing on the environmental conditions is not sufficient as a strategy and internal environment should also be considered from the point of resource-based view. CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration), an international process management model, which is mostly preferred by IT firms, can play an important role in the establishment of core competence-based strategies in IT industry. In this paper; theoretical background of core competence-based strategies, which are also called resource-based view are investigated and how these strategies can be adapted to IT sector and how CMMI can contribute to the determination of core competencebased strategies are revealed. The motivation for this research is to bring different perspectives to management strategies in IT sector and demonstrate the role of CMMI model in determining a strategy. It is believed that this paper could contribute to the field literature by defining resource-based view strategies in IT sector and emphasizing the importance of the process management in strategy determination.
Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology-A Review

Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic development and ecological diversity. Due to over exploitation, the ground water systems are affected and require management to maintain the conditions of ground water resources within acceptable limits. With the development of computers and advances in information technology, efficient techniques for water management has evolved. The main intent of the paper is to present a comprehensive review on application of GIS (Geographic Information System) followed by coupling with MODFLOW package for ground water management and development. Two major areas are discussed stating GIS applications in ground water hydrology. (i) GIS based subsurface flow and pollution modelling (ii) Selection of artificial recharge sites. Although the use of these techniques in groundwater studies has rapidly increased since last decade the sucess rate is very limited. Based on this review , it is concluded that integation of GIS and MODFLOW have great potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of vital ground water resources in the future.
ESTIMATION OF GENE ACTION FOR FIBRE TRAITS IN UPLAND COTTON

The experiment was laidout in randomized complete block design with four replications in the experimental field of Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam for assessing the gene action for quality traits in a 5x5 complete diallel cross having five varieties of Gossypium hirsutum L. The genetic components of variance revealed that dominance components (H1 and H2) and additive component (D) were highly significant for all the traits except staple length in dominance components. It was further observed that dominance components were greater in magnitude than additive components. The average degree of dominance for lint index, GOT%, staple length and fibre strength were more than a unity, displaying over dominance type of gene action, the positive non-significant F-value revealed that the dominant genes were less frequent than recessive genes in the parents and that they were in decreasing position as exhibited by h2 value. Estimated ratio of h2/H2 indicated that there were at least one group of genes controlling GOT%, two group of genes controlling lint index and fibre strength and three group of genes controlling staple length. ——————————  ——————————
Meta-Analysis of Integrity Tests: A Critical Examination of Validity Generalization and Moderator Variables

Abstract : A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether integrity test validities are generalizable and to estimate differences in validity due to potential moderating influences. The database included 665 validity coefficients across 576,464 data points. Results indicate that integrity test validities are positive and in many cases substantial for predicting both job performance and counterproductive behaviors on the job such as theft, disciplinary problems, and absenteeism. Validities were found to be generalizable. The estimated mean operational predictive validity of integrity tests for supervisory ratings of job performance is . 41. For the criterion of counterproductive behaviors, results indicate that use of concurrent validation study designs may overestimate the predictive criterion-related validity applicable in selection situations. Our results based on external criterion measures (i.e., excluding self reports) and predictive validity studies using applicants indicate that integrity tests predict the broad criterion of organizationally disruptive behaviors better than they predict the narrower criterion of employee theft alone. Our results also indicated substantial evidence for the construct validity of integrity tests. Perhaps the most important conclusion of this research is that despite the influence of moderators, integrity test validities are positive across situations and settings.
Theoretical and experimental study of a permeability measurement system

Bone substitutes are an important subject nowadays. The limitations associated with use of grafts cause the need to find alternatives such as the use of osteoconductive matrix (scaffold). They must fulfil a number of biological and mechanical requirements for their performance. The feature that will be studied is the permeability of a scaffold. The purpose of this work is the creation and evaluation of a permeability measurement system. The validation of this system was made using metal gauges of known diameter. These results were compared with the values obtained by numerical simulation by means of the finite element method, using the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT and the analytical resolution of Darcy and Poiseuille laws. It will be performed a study of pore’s number influence in the pressure variation using two metal gauges with the same diameter and different number. It will be performed a permeability evaluation of a scaffold manufactured by 3D printing. All results were compared with those obtained by numerical simulations. It was possible to demonstrate the importance of using such a system to measure the real structure’s permeability. The errors linked to the manufacture of scaffolds cause that different pressure variations are expected compared to those planned in the project. The increased number of pores follows the expected theoretical ratio and the differences are due to geometrical variation imposed by the manufacture.