Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mutant in the ADH1 Gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Elicits Metabolic Restructuring during Anaerobiosis1[W]

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has numerous genes encoding enzymes that function in fermentative pathways. Among these, the bifunctional alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH1), highly homologous to the Escherichia coli AdhE enzyme, is proposed to be a key component of fermentative metabolism. To investigate the physiological role of ADH1 in dark anoxic metabolism, a Chlamydomonas adh1 mutant was generated. We detected no ethanol synthesis in this mutant when it was placed under anoxia; the two other ADH homologs encoded on the Chlamydomonas genome do not appear to participate in ethanol production under our experimental conditions. Pyruvate formate lyase, acetate kinase, and hydrogenase protein levels were similar in wild-type cells and the adh1 mutant, while the mutant had significantly more pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Furthermore, a marked change in metabolite levels (in addition to ethanol) synthesized by the mutant under anoxic conditions was observed; formate levels were reduced, acetate levels were elevated, and the production of CO2 was significantly reduced, but fermentative H2 production was unchanged relative to wild-type cells. Of particular interest is the finding that the mutant accumulates high levels of extracellular glycerol, which requires NADH as a substrate for its synthesis. Lactate production is also increased slightly in the mutant relative to the control strain. These findings demonstrate a restructuring of fermentative metabolism in the adh1 mutant in a way that sustains the recycling (oxidation) of NADH and the survival of the mutant (similar to wild-type cell survival) during dark anoxic growth.
Effect of age on drug metabolism in women with breast cancer

Introduction: The aging of the population will increase the number of breast cancer patients requiring treatment in both the adjuvant and metastatic setting. Hormones, chemotherapy and targeted drugs all have a role in treatment. Older patients have been underrepresented in clinical trials making evidence-based decisions difficult. The increase in comorbidity and aging, polypharmacy and changes in function make pharmacotherapy decisions more complicated. Knowledge of the issues is critical in the prescribing of effective and safe therapy. There are factors associated with advancing age that can result in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations in processing of hormonal agents, chemotherapy and targeted drugs. Areas covered: A review of the literature pertaining to pharmacokinetic changes in aging in breast cancer was untaken. Studies are reviewed involving single agents and some combinations. Expert opinion: Older patients should be considered for standard therapies. Their specific problems need to be evaluated by geriatric-specific assessment including functional status, end organ dysfunction and polypharmacy. There are few instances for age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and when present are usually not clinically significant. When changes are present, they are often the result of comorbidity, drug interactions and drug scheduling issues. The older patients may be more sensitive to certain toxicities such as cardiac toxicity, neuropathy and myelosuppression.
Innovation systems in motion: an early music case

Purpose – This study aims to provide an in‐depth understanding of the innovation system and the learning processes involved in a very specific cultural field: the production of early music.Design/methodology/approach – A single case study of the generic value chain in the music production industry describes and analyses the process and the actors involved in editing a new early music collection resulting from the collaboration between a record company and a public research organization.Findings – There is a need for new knowledge in the various stages of performance and publication of a new recording. The early music sector is a knowledge‐intensive, science‐driven sector that can be characterized as a system because the interactions among actors substantially influence final products.Research limitations/implications – The single case study represents a specific sector within the music industry. However, its conclusions can be applied to other fields in the cultural heritage sector.Originality/value – The.
Nefopam analgesia and its role in multimodal analgesia: A review of preclinical and clinical studies

Nefopam is a non‐opioid, non‐steroidal, centrally acting analgesic drug used to prevent postoperative pain, primarily in the context of multimodal analgesia. This paper reviews preclinical and clinical studies in which nefopam has been combined with opioids, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory compounds, and paracetamol. This report focuses on the literature during the last decade and discusses the translational efforts between animal and clinical studies in the context of multimodal or balanced analgesia. In preclinical rodent models of acute and inflammatory pain, nefopam combinations including opioids revealed a synergistic interaction or enhanced morphine analgesia in six out of seven studies. Nefopam combinations including non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (aspirin, ketoprofen or nimesulide) or paracetamol likewise showed enhanced analgesic effects for the associated compound in all instances. Clinical studies have been performed in various types of surgeries involving different pain intensities. Nefopam combinations including opioids resulted in a reduction in morphine consumption in 8 out of 10 studies of severe or moderate pain. Nefopam combinations including NSAIDs (ketoprofen or tenoxicam) or paracetamol also demonstrated a synergic interaction or an enhancement of the analgesic effect of the associated compound. In conclusion, this review of nefopam combinations including various analgesic drugs (opioids, NSAIDs and paracetamol) reveals that enhanced analgesia was demonstrated in most preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting a role for nefopam in multimodal analgesia based on its distinct characteristics as an analgesic. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the analgesic effects of nefopam combinations including NSAIDs or paracetamol.
Acute decline in serum sclerostin in response to PTH infusion in healthy men.

CONTEXT Animal models suggest that the osteoblast-stimulating actions of PTH are mediated by acute suppression of sclerostin, an inhibitor of the anabolic Wnt pathway. The immediate physiological changes in serum sclerostin in response to PTH infusion have not been reported in human studies. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the acute physiological effects of PTH infusion on serum sclerostin and bone turnover markers in healthy adult men. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Fifty-three healthy adult men underwent an 18-h iv infusion of human PTH(1-34) at a dose of 0.55 U/kg · h. OUTCOMES Serum levels of ionized calcium, sclerostin, and markers of bone formation (osteocalcin and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen) and bone resorption (C-telopeptide and N-telopeptide) were obtained at 0, 6, 12, and 18 h. RESULTS Serum ionized calcium, C-telopeptide, and N-telopeptide increased, and osteocalcin and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen fell linearly throughout the PTH infusion (P < 0.001 for all). Average ± sem sclerostin levels declined from 936 ± 65 to 813 ± 63 pg/ml at 6 h (P < 0.001) and remained stably suppressed for the duration of the PTH infusion. There were no significant correlations between change in sclerostin and change in bone markers. CONCLUSIONS Serum sclerostin declined in response to acute PTH infusion within 6 h in healthy adult men. The early plateau in sclerostin suppression may indicate that maximal stimulation of the Wnt pathway is achieved quickly after exposure to PTH. Our findings support the hypothesis that PTH may mediate its anabolic effects in part via suppression of sclerostin.
The relationship between asthma and obesity in urban minority children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between asthma and obesity in children and adolescents. DESIGN Medical record review. SETTING Urban community health center. PARTICIPANTS One hundred seventy-one children aged 4 to 16 years, 85 with asthma and 86 nonasthmatic controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diagnosis of asthma, age, and sex-adjusted body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters). RESULTS Seventy-eight percent of the sample was Hispanic, 17% was African American, 2% were white, and 3% were other minorities. There were significantly more children with asthma (30.6%) who were very obese (> or =95th body mass index percentile) compared with controls (11.6%) (P=.004). Children with asthma were also significantly more overweight than controls (mean+/-SD, 22.5%+/-28.3% vs 12.0%+/-19.6% overweight; P=.004). The difference in obesity between children with asthma and controls was significant for both sexes and across the 4.5 to 10.9 years and 11 to 16 years age groups. Asthma severity was not related to obesity. CONCLUSION Asthma is a risk factor for obesity in children and adolescents.
DETERMINATION OF BENZO(a)PYRENE IN MALAYSIAN COMMERCIALIZED COFFEE POWDER USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (Penentuan Benzo(a)pirena di dalam Serbuk Kopi di Pasaran Menggunakan Ekstraksi Fasa Pepejal dan Kromatografi Gas)

Roasting is a critical process in coffee production as it enables the development of flavor and aroma. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a nondesirable product of incomplete combustion at temperatures between 300 and 600 °C and may be produced during roasting step. In this study, selected samples of roasted coffee powder were analysed for BaP. Extraction of BaP was achieved using C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) prior to analysis by gas chromatography. Calibration curve prepared with concentrations ranged between 3 – 50 ppm showed good linearity with r = 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25 ppm and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.85 ppm. Recovery of BaP obtained from spiked sample (3 ppm) was 88.7 % with RSD (n=3) of 5.4 %. Benzo[a]pyrene was detected in all samples, at level ranging from 0.14 to 0.62 ppb .
Camera ReCalibration after Zooming Based on Sets of

We describe a method to compute the internal parameters (focal and principal point) of a camera with known position and orientation, based on the observation of two or more conics on a known plane. The conics can even be degenerate (e.g., pairs of lines). The proposed method can be used to re-estimate the internal parameters of a fully calibrated camera after zooming to a new, unknown, focal length. It also allows to estimate the internal parameters when a second, fully calibrated camera observes the same conics. The parameters estimated through the proposed method are coherent with the output of more traditional procedures, that require a higher number of calibration images. A deep analysis of the geometrical configurations that influence the proposed method is also reported.
Noise properties of propagation through slow- and fast-light media

We consider the fundamental noise properties of propagation through slow- and fast-light optical media based on gain or loss processes. For purely quantum mechanical reasons, any gain or loss process will add noise to a transmitted light field. We derive a relation between the noise figure describing the decreased signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted laser pulse and the fractional delay or advancement of the pulse. We apply these results explicitly to the situation of operation on the line center of a gain or loss line. We find that for an ideal gain medium the noise figure never exceeds a factor of two. For a loss medium, there is no limit as to how large the noise figure can become. The increased noise in this case is the result of the random loss of photons from the optical field.
Temperamental vulnerability in attempted suicide

The aim of this study was to explore and describe features of suicidal temperament and to describe the psychological domains of vulnerability in attempted suicide. Thirty‐two suicide attempters were compared with 32 sex‐ and age‐matched convalescent surgical controls on self‐report personality inventories; the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Chapman Scales, the Beck Hopelessnes Scale and the Karolinska Scales of Personality. Suicide attempters showed higher scale scores on neuroticism, psychoticism, interpersonal aversiveness, perceptual aberration, nonconformity, hopelessness, somatic anxiety, muscular tension, indirect aggression, suspicion and lower socialization. The features of suicidal temperament include hopelessness and anhedonia, anxiety, hostility and undirected anger expression, psychosis proneness, antisocial traits and interpersonal difficulties. These temperamental features might render the suicidal individual particularly vulnerable to suicidal behavior.
Treatment of ADHD in neurofibromatosis type 1

Forty‐six of 93 children with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) were found to satisfy the diagnostic criteria for attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Detailed comparisons were made among 20 children with NF1 and ADHD (12 males, 8 females; mean age 10.7 years, SD 2.2), 26 control children with NF1 (15 males, 11 females; mean age 11.3 years, SD 2.3), 14 control children with ADHD (7 males; mean age 9.9 years, SD 1.9), and 14 normally developing control children (7 males; mean age 11.2 years, SD 2.8). Children with NF1 and ADHD had the lowest IQ scores among the four groups. Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) scores were poorer in the NF1‐ADHD and ADHD control groups than in the two non‐ADHD groups. Those with NF1 and ADHD were rated significantly poorer on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) than were the NF1 control group. By administrating low doses (5 to 15 mg) of methylphenidate to the NF1‐ADHD group, significantly improved TOVA scores were obtained. One‐year follow‐up yielded significantly improved CBCL scores. Our results show a high incidence of ADHD in NF1 and support an association between ADHD and learning and social problems in children with NF1. It was demonstrated that stimulant medication can lead to improvement in cognitive, academic, and social problems of children with NF1 and ADHD.
Operation possibility of grid connected Quasi-Z-Source Inverter with energy storage and renewable energy generation in wide power range

In renewable energy generation systems, energy storage is needed not only for short-term smoothening of the electric supply, but also to supply power when there is no generation for a longer period of time. The Quasi-Z-Source Inverter (qZSI) enables the integration of energy storage easily in addition to the other energy source mainly used for output power smoothening. In this paper the possibility to integrate energy storage in qZSI structure is analyzed in case when the input voltage is low or when battery is the only source of energy. The operation limits of the converter and possible solutions to extend the operation range are analyzed theoretically and by means of simulations in PSIM software. Results show that low input voltage limits the operation range of energy stored qZSI; modified circuits that can be used to avoid these limitations are proposed.
Scaling of resonance in total scattering cross section in gases

Electrical discharges in gases continue to be an active area of research because of industrial applications such as power systems, environmental clean up, laser technology, semiconductor fabrication etc. A fundamental knowledge of electron-gas neutral interaction is indispensable and, the total scattering cross section is one of the quantities that have been measured extensively. The energy dependence of the total cross sections shows peaks or resonance processes that are operative in the collision process. These peaks and the energies at which they occur are shown to satisfy a broad relationship involving the polarizability and the dipole moment of the target particle. Data on 62 target particles belonging to the following species are analyzed. (1) Rare gas atoms (2) Di-atomic molecules with combinations of polar, non-polar, attaching, and nonattaching properties (3) Poly-atomic molecules with combinations of polar, non-polar, attaching, and non-attaching properties. Methods of improving the newly identified scaling law and possible application have been identified.
Transfusion of packed red blood cells in patients with ischemic heart disease

Objective:To review the current literature concerning the utility of and complications associated with transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBC) in medical and surgical patients with ischemic heart disease. Data Sources, Study Selection, and Data Extraction:The PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine was searched for all studies investigating the use of PRBC in medical and surgical patients with cardiac disease published since 1999. Relevant background literature from before that date was reviewed for inclusion as well. Data Synthesis:An extensive body of literature has accumulated evaluating the safety and efficacy of transfusion as a therapeutic modality in a wide variety of critically ill patients, including patients with cardiac disease. Most, but not all, of these studies have been retrospective in nature, and methodologies have varied from study to study. Some have involved retrospective reviews of patient records, some have been retrospective analyses of detailed databases prospectively collected for other purposes, and some have been prospective randomized or observational studies. Despite the variability in data sources and study design, with a handful of exceptions, the preponderance of data indicates that transfusion of PRBC in the population of patients with ischemic heart disease is of limited clinical utility and may carry the potential for serious adverse consequences. Conclusions:Based on the current literature, there appears to be no indication for routine transfusion in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, although anemic patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction may benefit from this intervention. However, the specific indications for transfusion in this population remain ill-defined.
Isoeugenolol: a selective beta1-adrenergic antagonist with tracheal and vascular smooth muscle relaxant properties.

Isoeugenolol (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a dose-dependent bradycardia and a decrease in blood pressure in anesthetized Wistar rats. Isoeugenolol inhibited the tachycardia effects induced by (-)isoproterenol, but had no blocking effect on the arterial pressor responses induced by (-)phenylephrine. In isolated guinea pig tissues, isoeugenolol antagonized (-)isoproterenol-induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the atria and tracheal relaxations in a concentration-dependent manner. The apparent pA2 values for isoeugenolol on right atria, left atria and trachea were 7.63+/-0.03, 7.89+/-0.12 and 6.12+/-0.05, respectively, indicating that isoeugenolol was a highly selective beta1-adrenoceptor blocker. On the other hand, isoeugenolol produced a mild direct cardiac depression at high concentration and was without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). In isolated rat thoracic aorta, isoeugenolol relaxed more potently the contractions induced by (-)phenylephrine (10 microM) and 5-HT (10 microM) than those by high K+ (75 mM). In isolated guinea pig trachea, isoeugenolol attenuated the carbachol (1 microM)-con-tracted trachea more significantly than those contracted with high K+. Furthermore, the binding characteristics of isoeugenolol and various beta-adrenoceptor antagonists were evaluated in [3H]CGP-12177 binding to rat ventricle, lung and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) membranes. The -log IC50 values of isoeugenolol for predominate beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptor sites were 5.82+/-0.09, 4.74+/-0.05 and 4.73+/-0.12, respectively. In conclusion, isoeugenolol was found to be a highly selective beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist with tracheal and vascular smooth muscle relaxant activities, but was devoid of alpha-adrenoceptor-blocking action.
The radiolysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

The yields in molecules per 100 eV for active-site and sulphydryl loss from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase have been determined in nitrous-oxide-saturated, aerated and argon-saturated solutions. Molecular hydrogen peroxide produces a sulphenic acid product, which can be repaired by post-irradiation treatment with dithiothreitol. Comparison of the yields under various conditions showed that in aerated solutions both . OH and . O2-radicals inactivated the enzyme with an efficiency of about 26 per cent. However, the efficiency of . OH in air-free solutions was less, and inactivation by . H and eaq- did not appear to be appreciable. There is a correlation between SH loss and loss of active sites.
Antioxidative resuscitation solution prevents leukocyte adhesion in the liver after hemorrhagic shock.

BACKGROUND The generation of iron-dependent toxic oxygen radicals during the initial resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock was shown to be a relevant factor for the initiation of the inflammatory cascade. Therefore, this experimental study was designed to evaluate the effects of a deferoxamine-conjugated hydroxyethyl-starch solution (HES-DFO) on oxygen radical induced injury and microcirculatory alterations in the rat liver compared with resuscitation with regular hydroxyethyl-starch, lactated Ringer's solution (RL), or a gelatin-based solution. METHODS After hemorrhage and random assignment to 1 hour of blood-free resuscitation with the aforementioned solutions, hepatic microcirculation and leukocyte adhesion characteristics were assessed by intravital fluorescence microscopy in anesthetized rats. Oxygen radical activity was estimated by determination of glutathione levels in liver homogenate and determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma as markers of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS Resuscitation by HES-DFO resulted in restoration of hemodynamic parameters compared with gelatin-based solution and HES. The hepatic microcirculation was severely altered 1 hour after resuscitation from shock in all groups indicated by sinusoidal narrowing and reduced sinusoidal blood flow. HES-DFO, however, attenuated leukocyte adhesion and improved velocity index in sinusoids as well as sinusoidal perfusion. The shock-associated generation of oxygen radicals during resuscitation was prevented by HES-DFO as indicated by restored glutathione and reduced thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. CONCLUSION The results suggest that HES-DFO effectively reduces oxygen radical formation during the initial resuscitation period, thus, attenuating pathologically enhanced leukocyte adhesion and improving hepatic microcirculation.
Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy: An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water

Pedro Andreo, Dosimetry and Medical Radiation Physics Section, IAEA David T Burns, Bureau International des Poids et Measures (BIPM) Klaus Hohlfeld, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany M Saiful Huq, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA Tatsuaki Kanai, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Chiba, Japan Fedele Laitano, Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie L’Energia e L’Ambiente (ENEA), Rome, Italy Vere Smyth, National Radiation Laboratory (NRL), Christchurch, New Zealand Stefaan Vynckier, Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium