Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Early Pliocene Cercopithecidae (Mammalia: Primates) from Aramis, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia

Abstract The Middle Awash Research Project has collected a large sample of fossil cercopithecids from the Aramis, Kuseralee, and Sagantole drainages in the Middle Awash paleoanthropological study area of Ethiopia. These sites have been securely dated to 4.4 Ma. The craniodental material from this assemblage supports the diagnoses of two distinct new genera and species, which are described here. Pliopapio alemui is a mid-sized papionin represented by a complete cranium, several partial jaw fragments, and many isolated teeth. Kuseracolobus aramisi is a medium-sized colobine represented by several maxillae, mandibles, and other cranial fragments, as well as by isolated teeth. Stratigraphically associated postcranial remains will be discussed in a separate report. Pliopapio alemui is distinctive from other known African papionins in the combination of its cranial, mandibular, and dental morphology. It lacks the diagnostic facial features of Parapapio as well as the flattened muzzle dorsum, facial fossae, and maxillary ridges of Papio Moreover, it does not possess any of the derived dental and cranial specializations of Theropithecus. Kuseracolobus aramisi is larger than all modern African colobines, but smaller than all known Cercopithecoides, Paracolobus and Rhinocolobus It is distinctive from Cercopithecoides and the colobine from Leadu in its symphyseal, corporal, and gonial morphology, and from Libypithecus, Paracolobus and Rhinocolobus in its facial morphology. This early Pliocene sample fills a temporal gap between the terminal Miocene and later Pliocene sites and documents the existence of two new cercopithecid taxa, increasing known diversity in the family.
Investigating the young solar system analog HD 95086

Context. HD 95086 (A8V, 17 Myr) hosts a rare planetary system for which a multi-belt debris disk and a giant planet of 4–5 MJup have been directly imaged. Aims. Our study aims to characterize the global architecture of this young system using the combination of radial velocity and direct imaging observations. We want to characterize the physical and orbital properties of HD 95086 b, search for additional planets at short and wide orbits and image the cold outer debris belt in scattered light. Methods. We used HARPS at the ESO 3.6 m telescope to monitor the radial velocity of HD 95086 over two years and investigate the existence of giant planets at less than 3 au orbital distance. With the IRDIS dual-band imager and the IFS integral field spectrograph of SPHERE at VLT, we imaged the faint circumstellar environment beyond 10 au at six epochs between 2015 and 2017. Results. We do not detect additional giant planets around HD 95086. We identify the nature (bound companion or background contaminant) of all point-like sources detected in the IRDIS field of view. None of them correspond to the ones recently discovered near the edge of the cold outer belt by ALMA. HD 95086 b is resolved for the first time in J-band with IFS. Its near-infrared spectral energy distribution is well fitted by a few dusty and/or young L7–L9 dwarf spectral templates. The extremely red 1–4 μm spectral distribution is typical of low-gravity objects at the L/T spectral type transition. The planet’s orbital motion is resolved between January 2015 and May 2017. Together with past NaCo measurements properly re-calibrated, our orbital fitting solutions favor a retrograde low to moderate-eccentricity orbit e = 0.2+0.3−0.2, with a semi-major axis ~52 au corresponding to orbital periods of ~288 yr and an inclination that peaks at i = 141°, which is compatible with a planet-disk coplanar configuration. Finally, we report the detection in polarimetric differential imaging of the cold outer debris belt between 100 and 300 au, consistent in radial extent with recent ALMA 1.3 mm resolved observations.
Factors Affecting Tourist Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in the Northern Part of Thailand

In 2015, the ASEAN Economics Community (AEC) will be fully implemented, and, to pave the way for Thailand to be the tourism hub of Southeast Asia, it is important to study factors affecting tourist satisfaction. The emphasis of this study is on a northern province in Thailand, Chiang Mai, where there are many natural and cultural attractions. The significant factors are identified using statistical techniques. The data is obtained from a satisfaction survey as it was developed and distributed randomly to foreign tourists who visit Chiang Mai. The quantitative data is then analyzed using factor analysis and multiple regression analysis to identify significant factors. The result indicates that the most significant factor affecting the overall satisfaction is the cost of staying, and other significant factors are hospitality, attractions and accessibility, and infrastructure. In addition, policy recommendations are presented in the paper.
A rare collision of atypical fibroxanthoma and basal cell carcinoma

We present a unique case of an 83-year-old male who presented with a skin lesion of the ear. Microscopic diagnosis was that of a collision lesion involving atypical fibroxanthoma and basal cell carcinoma. This is a very rare pathological diagnosis and should be considered by pathologists when diagnosing challenging skin lesions.
Why have global shark and ray landings declined: improved management or overfishing?

Global chondrichthyan (shark, ray, skate and chimaera) landings, reported to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), peaked in 2003 and in the decade since have declined by almost 20%. In the FAO’s 2012 ‘State of the World’s Fisheries and Aquaculture’ report, the authors ‘hoped’ the reductions in landings were partially due to management implementation rather than population decline. Here, we tested their hypothesis. Post-peak chondrichthyan landings trajectories from 126 countries were modelled against seven indirect and direct fishing pressure measures and eleven measures of fisheries management performance, while accounting for ecosystem attributes. We found the recent improvement in international or national fisheries management was not yet strong enough to account for the recent decline in chondrichthyan landings. Instead, the landings declines were more closely related to fishing pressure and ecosystem attribute measures. Countries with the greatest declines had high human coastal population sizes or high shark and ray meat exports such as Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand. While important progress had been made, country-level fisheries management measures did not yet have the strength or coverage to halt overfishing and avert population declines of chondrichthyans. Increased implementation of legally binding operational fisheries management and species-specific reporting is urgently required to avoid declines and ensure fisheries sustainability and food security.
Translating Ambiguous Arabic Words using Text Mining

Language is a fundamental value in the life of every nation, it is a tool that carries ideas and concepts. Languages are a means of communication between humans is through word means clear . Languages of various kinds have the controls and rules need to be understood we can deal with them. Arabic language is considered a pioneer of languages and it’s enough recognition language of the ‘Koran’ and in a addition to that spoken by millions around the world. Arabic is the Language of the vast and complex language, Arabic script can be has several exists, because every Arab character has many express movements and this is what distinguishes the Arabic languages from other languages.
THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF SUBSTRUCTURE IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF M31. I. SURVEYING THE STELLAR CONTENT WITH THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE ADVANCED CAMERA FOR SURVEYS

We present the largest and most detailed survey to date of the stellar populations in the outskirts of M31 based on the homogeneous analysis of 14 deep Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST/ACS) pointings spanning the range 11.5 kpc ≲ Rproj ≲ 45 kpc. Many of these pointings sample coherent substructure discovered in the course of the Isaac Newton Telescope Wide Field Camera (INT/WFC) imaging survey of M31 while others sample more diffuse structure in the extended disk. We conduct a quantitative comparison of the resolved stellar populations in these fields and identify several striking trends. The color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), which reach ≳3 mag below the red clump with high completeness, can be classified into two main categories based on their morphologies. “Stream-like” fields, so named for their similarity to the CMD of the giant stellar stream, are characterized by a red clump that slants blueward at fainter magnitudes and an extended horizontal branch. They show no evidence for young populations. On the other hand, “disk-like” fields exhibit rounder red clumps with significant luminosity width, lack an obvious horizontal branch, and show evidence for recent star formation (∼0.25–2 Gyr ago). We compare the spatial and line-of-sight distribution of stream-like fields with a recent simulation of the giant stream progenitor orbit and find an excellent agreement. These fields are found across much of the inner halo of M31, and attest to the high degree of pollution caused by this event. Disk-like material resides in the extended disk structure of M31 and is detected here up to Rproj ∼ 44 kpc; the uniform populations in these fields, including the ubiquitous presence of young populations, and the strong rotation reported elsewhere are most consistent with a scenario in which this structure has formed through heating and disruption of the existing thin disk, perhaps due to the impact of the giant stream progenitor. Our comparative analysis sheds new light on the likely composition of two of the ultra-deep pointings formerly presented as pure outer disk and pure halo in the literature.
Identifying Frequent Seafood Purchasers in the Northeastern U.S.

Factors affecting the frequency of purchase of fish and other seafood for at-home and restaurant consumption by Northeastern consumers were investigated. Cluster analysis identified six groups of consumers with similar perceptions of the attributes of fish. Demographic and cluster membership variables were employed in logistic regressions to identify the characteristics of frequent at-home use and restaurant purchasers. At-home purchase was more likely to be frequent among respondents with white collar occupations, older ages, urban/suburban and New England residence, recreational fishing participation, and membership in one of five attitudinal clusters. Restaurant purchase was more likely to be frequent among whites and among those with higher incomes, white collar occupations, recreational fishing involvement and among members of two clusters with favorable attitudes toward fish; it was less likely to be frequent in households with children age 10 and under present.
Correcting mean and extremes in monthly precipitation from 8 regional climate models over Europe

Abstract. We corrected monthly precipitation from 8 regional climate models using statistical bias correction. All models were corrected according to observations and parameters for bias correction were obtained for all models separately in every grid cells over European domain, using data between 1961 and 1990. Bias correction was validated in the period between 1991 and 2010 with RMSE, Brier score and Brier skill score. The results are encouraging, as mean and extremes were effectively corrected. After applying correction, large biases over Alps, at the East Adriatic cost, west coast of Norway and at the east end of the domain were removed. RMSE of corrected precipitation was lower than RMSE of simulated in 85% of European area and correction for all models failed in only 1.5% of European area. Also extremes were effectively corrected. According to the Brier skill score the probability for dry months was corrected in more than 52% of the European area and heavy precipitation events were corrected in almost 90% of the area. All validation measures suggest the correction of monthly precipitation was successful and therefore we can argue that the corrected precipitation fields will improve results of the climate impact models.
In vitro Evaluation of a Surface Acoustic Wave Device on Epidermal Characteristics

The authors evaluate a novel Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) device as to its effect on epidermal health. The SAW device is indicated for use in phonophoresis as well as epidermal tissue growth in wound care. In order to understand the clinical effect the authors evaluate an in vitro skin model for SAW effect and examine the cellular and subcellular changes that occur with this device. CK17 proliferation, changes in GAG's (Glycosaminoglycans) and neoangiogenesis were positively affected by the SAW device.
A recent tipping point in the Arctic sea-ice cover: abrupt and persistent increase in the seasonal cycle since 2007

There is ongoing debate over whether Arctic sea-ice has already passed a `tipping point', or whether it will do so in the future. Several recent studies argue that the loss of summer sea ice does not involve an irreversible bifurcation, because it is highly reversible in models. However, a broader definition of a `tipping point' also includes other abrupt, non-linear changes that are neither bifurcations nor necessarily irreversible. Examination of satellite data for Arctic sea-ice area reveals an abrupt increase in the amplitude of seasonal variability in 2007 that has persisted since then. We identified this abrupt transition using recently developed methods that can detect multi-modality in time-series data and sometimes forewarn of bifurcations. When removing the mean seasonal cycle (up to 2008) from the satellite data, the residual sea-ice fluctuations switch from uni-modal to multi-modal behaviour around 2007. We originally interpreted this as a bifurcation in which a new lower ice cover attractor appears in deseasonalised fluctuations and is sampled in every summer-autumn from 2007 onwards. However, this interpretation is clearly sensitive to how the seasonal cycle is removed from the raw data, and to the presence of continental land masses restricting winter-spring ice fluctuations. Furthermore, there was no robust early warning signal of critical slowing down prior to the hypothesized bifurcation. Early warning indicators do however show destabilization of the summer-autumn sea-ice cover since 2007. Thus, the bifurcation hypothesis lacks consistent support, but there was an abrupt and persistent increase in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of Arctic sea-ice cover in 2007, which we describe as a (non-bifurcation) `tipping point'. Our statistical methods detect this `tipping point' and its time of onset.
Role of ocean in the genesis and annihilation of the core of the warm pool in the southeastern Arabian Sea

The earlier hypothesis, stated in the ARMEX (Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment) Science Plan, that the ocean plays an important, but passive, role in the genesis of the core of warm pool in the southeastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) is examined in the light of new data collected during Phase II of ARMEX. The new evidence confirms that the ocean plays an important role. This paper summarises the results based on these data, which show that the remotely forced ocean dynamics plays an active, not passive, role not only in the genesis of the core of the warm pool in the SEAS, but also triggers the collapse of the warm pool.
Neural networks for defining spatial variation of rock properties in sparsely instrumented media

La informacion confiable de la distribucion tridimensional de las propiedades del macizo rocoso mejora el diseno de estructuras civiles seguras y rentables. En este trabajo, se presenta una red neuronal recurrente como una alternativa para predecir la variacion espacial de algunas propiedades indice de roca en medios escasamente instrumentados. La tecnica neuronal, que forma parte de los modelos de aprendizaje estadistico, se utiliza para aproximar funciones que pueden depender de un gran numero de entradas y que generalmente son desconocidas. Con un modelo neuronal, razonablemente simple, de dos volumenes de roca no homogeneos, se extrapola la escasa informacion levantada en campo y se estiman las propiedades en toda la masa. Las comparaciones entre la exploracion in situ y la definicion neuro-3D confirma el potencial del metodo propuesto para la caracterizacion de propiedades de las masas con propiedades no homogeneas. Esta representacion es util para el modelado numerico realista y economico de volumenes de roca, maximizando la informacion mientras se reducen los costos
The effects of knowledge sourcing strategies on science-based firms' innovative performance: evidence from the spanish manufacturing industry

This paper provides empirical evidence on the effect of the external knowledge sourcing strategies adopted by firms, on the development of both product and process innovation, and assesses to what extent this effect is influenced by the firm's internal technological capabilities. Our empirical investigation is based on a sample of more than 600 science-based firms active in innovation activities taken from the Spanish Innovation Survey 2004. We find that the effects of the knowledge sourcing strategies differ significantly across innovation types (product or process innovation). In addition, our results suggest that there are possible substitution effects between external sourcing strategies and internal R&D. Thus, the greater the firm? s internal technological capability, the less important is the cooperation with scientific agents in determining product innovation.
ON THE POTENTIAL OF CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON RGB AND LIDAR DATA

In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in the detection, identification and classification of objects and images using Convolutional Neural Networks. To study the potential of the Convolutional Neural Network, in this paper three approaches are investigated to train classifiers based on Convolutional Neural Networks. These approaches allow Convolutional Neural Networks to be trained on datasets containing only a few hundred training samples, which results in a successful classification. Two of these approaches are based on the concept of transfer learning. In the first approach features, created by a pretrained Convolutional Neural Network, are used for a classification using a support vector machine. In the second approach a pretrained Convolutional Neural Network gets fine-tuned on a different data set. The third approach includes the design and training for flat Convolutional Neural Networks from the scratch. The evaluation of the proposed approaches is based on a data set provided by the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) which contains RGB and LiDAR data of an urban area. In this work it is shown that these Convolutional Neural Networks lead to classification results with high accuracy both on RGB and LiDAR data. Features which are derived by RGB data transferred into LiDAR data by transfer learning lead to better results in classification in contrast to RGB data. Using a neural network which contains fewer layers than common neural networks leads to the best classification results. In this framework, it can furthermore be shown that the practical application of LiDAR images results in a better data basis for classification of vehicles than the use of RGB images.
Controlling the Biological Invasion of a Commercial Fishery by a Space Competitor: A Bioeconomic Model with Reference to the Bay of St-Brieuc Scallop Fishery

This paper presents a bioeconomic model of a commercial fishery facing biological invasion by an alien species acting as a space competitor for the native species. The model is illustrated in a case study of the common scallop fishery of the Bay of St-Brieuc (France), where biological invasion by a slipper-limpet (Crepidula fornicata) is now addressed by a control program. First we present the model, which combines the dynamics of the two competing stocks. We then use the model to analyze the equilibrium of the fishery under various assumptions concerning invasive species control, and to assess the social cost of the invasion. Finally we propose a set of dynamic simulations concerning the ongoing program, emphasizing the influence of its starting date on its overall economic results.
To Copy or To Innovate? The Role of Personality and Social Networks in Children's Learning Strategies

In our technologically complex world, children frequently have problems to solve and skills to learn. They can develop solutions through learning strategies involving social learning or asocial endeavors. While evidence is emerging that children may differ individually in their propensity to adopt different learning strategies, little is known about what underlies these differences. In this article, we reflect on recent research with children, adults, and nonhuman animals regarding individual differences in learning strategies. We suggest that characteristics of children's personalities and children's positions in their social networks are pertinent to individual differences in their learning strategies. These are likely pivotal factors in the learning strategies children adopt, and thus can help us understand who copies and who innovates, an important question for cultural evolution. We also discuss how methodological issues constrain developmental researchers in this field and provide suggestions for ongoing work.
Conservation planning at the landscape scale: A landscape ecology method for regional land trusts

This paper illustrates a landscape ecology approach for land trusts undertaking conservation at the watershed scale. A conservation plan was created for the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy (GTRLC) in the headwaters of Michigan's Manistee River Watershed (USA). Eight conservation drivers were devised to identify Conservation Focus Areas (CFAs) of highest ecological importance. The CFAs were ranked based on ecological importance, feasibility of protection and size. Parcels were ranked, totalling nearly 5000 ha, within the three highest-ranking CFAs in one key county. This approach is useful to land trusts trying to operationalize three distinct goals in conservation planning: to find areas of high ecological importance, to promote the landscape's spatial integrity and to delineate threats to ecological systems and processes.
Envisioning the Effects of Robot Manipulation Actions using Physics-based Simulations

Autonomous robots that are to perform complex everyday tasks such as making pancakes have to understand how the effects of an action depend on the way the action is executed. Within Artificial Intelligence, classical planning reasons about whether actions are executable, but makes the assumption that the actions will succeed (with some probability). In this work, we have designed, implemented and analyzed a framework that allows us to envision the physical effects of robot manipulation actions. The envisioning is achieved by translating a qualitative physics problem into a parameterized simulation problem, performing a detailed physics-based simulation of a robot plan, logging the state evolution into appropriate data structures and then translating these sub-symbolic data structures into interval-based first-order symbolic, qualitative representations, called timelines. The result of the envisioning is a set of detailed narratives represented by timelines which are then used to infer answers to qualitative reasoning problems. By envisioning the outcome of actions before committing to them, a robot is able to reason about physical phenomena and can therefore prevent itself from ending up in unwanted situations. Using this approach, robots can perform manipulation tasks more efficiently, robustly, and flexibly, and they can even successfully accomplish previously unknown variations of tasks.