Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inoculation of PGPR Consortia on N Supply, Growth and Grain Yield of Wheat Crop

Wheat, together with rice, represent the most important staple food crops used to sustain humanity, as they provide more calories and proteins in the diet than any other crop. Many a time the response of effective inoculums gets diluted compared to the efficiency observed in lab study primarily because the interaction between microbes and plants in soil environments are complex and difficult to manage. To achieve the maximum growth promoting activity, it is important to understand the interaction between PGPR and associated plants and how the beneficial attribute of PGPR are altered by various biotic and abiotic soil factors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient strains for real conditions.
Load forecasting based on deep neural network and historical data augmentation

Load forecasting is a complex non-linear problem with high volatility and uncertainty. This study presents a novel load forecasting method known as deep neural network and historical data augmentation (DNN–HDA). The method utilises HDA to enhance regression by DNN for monthly load forecasting, considering that the historical data to have a high correlation with the corresponding predicted data. To make the best use of the historical data, one year's historical data is combined with the basic features to construct the input vector for a predicted load. In this way, if there is C years' historical data, one predicted load can have C input vectors to create the same number of samples. DNN–HDA increases the number of training samples and enhances the generalisation of the model to reduce the forecasting error. The proposed method is tested on daily peak loads from 2006 to 2015 of Austria, Czech and Italy. Comparisons are made between the proposed method and several state-of-the-art models. DNN–HDA outperforms DNN by 44%, 38% and 63% on the three data sets, respectively.
Large Eddy Simulations of Reactive Mixing in Jet Reactors of Varied Geometry and Size

We applied large eddy simulation (LES) to predict the course of reactive mixing carried out in confined impinging jet reactors (CIJR). The reactive mixing process was studied in a wide range of flow rates both experimentally and numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We compared several different reactor geometries made in different sizes in terms of both reaction yields and mixing efficiency. Our LES model predictions were validated using experimental data for the tracer concentration distribution and fast parallel chemical test reactions, and compared with the k-ε model supplemented with the turbulent mixer model. We found that the mixing efficiency was not affected by the flow rate only at the highest tested Reynolds numbers. The experimental results and LES predictions were found to be in good agreement for all reactor geometries and operating conditions, while the k-ε model well predicted the trend of changes. The CFD method used, i.e., the modeling approach using closure hypothesis, was positively validated as a useful tool in reactor design. This method allowed us to distinguish the best reactors in terms of mixing efficiency (T-mixer III and V-mixer III) and could provide insights for scale-up and application in different processes.
English Tense Teaching in Junior High School Based on Prototype Theory—Taking the Simple Present Tense as an Example

Simple present tense, an indispensable part of grammar, is the first tense that junior high school students need to grasp in China. In fact, the time things happen does not always correspond with the speech time. Therefore, in the process of teaching, there are some difficulties which would exert great negative influence on students’ understanding of tense. There are five usages of simple present tense: state, habitual, instantaneous, past and future usage. On the basis of the prototype theory of categorization, these five usages in simple present tense are all members of this category. Moreover, the present-connectiveness, as the family resemblance, combines these five usages into the present tense category. It is necessary and meaningful for teachers to integrate prototype theory with tense-teaching. In other words, teachers can help students establish a network system which holds all usages of this tense. It can greatly ease students’ burdens in comprehension and memory with the forms and usages of the simple present tense. Eventually, the teaching efficiency can be improved to some extent.
Rural Development Research and Policy: Perspectives from Federal and State Experiences with an Application to Broadband

Throughout time and space, rural economies have changed, but they have seemingly remained disadvantaged. In this article, I discuss rural development research and policy from federal and state perspectives and provide lessons learned from my rural broadband work in both contexts. I promulgate better integration of federal and state government, academia, and the private sector to solve rural economic development challenges. Fostering relationships among federal and state rural development researchers and outreach practitioners would allow researchers to better anticipate future research needs as contacts in the field, or inside the beltway, could share an early look into where they need on-the-ground problem-solving support. I close with suggestions for fostering these relationships and I encourage my SRSA colleagues to embrace the wonderful interdisciplinary nature of regional science in addressing rural development and policy challenges.
Addressing the climate change adaptation puzzle: a psychological science perspective

ABSTRACT Unlike climate change mitigation, adaptation to climate change does not as much suffer from the fundamental global public good problem – at least at the country-level – since it is in the self-interest of each individual country to adapt. However, the observed level of adaptation is insufficient from an economic perspective. We address this puzzle by adding a psychological perspective to explain actors’ behaviour. Based on existing meta-analytic evidence we discuss micro- (i.e. individual-), meso- (i.e. group-) and macro- (i.e. society-) level factors that may contribute to more engagement in adaptation and provide recommendations on how to address them. The results show that the strongest predictors of individual adaptation behaviour are people's beliefs whether adaptive actions will be effective in protecting them from climate-related hazards (outcome expectancy), the degree to which people believe that they are able to engage in adaptive actions (self-efficacy) and their emotional reaction to climate change. Equally strong on a meso-level are behavioural norms and cultural aspects on a macro-level. We recommend that decision-makers create more transparency about the cause–effect chain between adaptation activity and desired adaptation effects to strengthen individuals’ sense of efficacy. Furthermore, inducing reflection on social norms through communicative interventions may contribute to motivate adaptive actions by individuals and organisations. Key policy insights Psychological factors play an important but underestimated role in explaining adaptation behaviour. If people believe that they can address the risks of climate-related hazards they will show stronger adaptation behaviour. This insight can be used to incentivise more investments in adaptation. Social norms and cultural values are linked to adaptation behaviour. Public communication campaigns and other policy interventions can help to change social norms, and they should be tailored to the cultural values of societies. The influence of social norms and cultural values can be stronger than individual-level variables such as beliefs and preferences. People underestimate the extent to which others are willing to contribute to society, in particular in societies scoring high on individualism and masculinity. This can prevent people from investing in adaptation.
Comparative Phytotoxicity of Aqueous Extracts of Centaurea maculosa and Melilotus officinalis on Germinability and Growth of Wheat

Abstract Weed incursion in cultivated fields is a serious biological problem, which causes considerable yield losses of economically important field crops through allelopathy and competitive interactions. Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa) and yellow melilot (Melilotus officinalis) are among the most prevalent weeds in cultivated fields of Pakistan, particularly in wheat fields. Like many other weeds, they may pose allelopathic and competitive challenges to field crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate allelopathic potentials of the two weeds on germination and seedling growth of wheat under laboratory conditions. Amounts of 15, 20, 25 and 30% concentrated leaf aqueous extracts of C. maculosa and M. officinalis were prepared and tested for their effects on germination percentage, radicle and coleoptile lengths of wheat. Germination, radicle and coleoptile lengths of test crop declined significantly at higher concentration (25-30%) of the extracts of two weeds. However, concentration of M. officinalis up to 20% had either no effect or stimulatory effects on the studied growth characteristics of wheat. Highest germination inhibition and decreased seedling growth were caused by leaf extracts of C. maculosa at 30% extract concentration. Growth inhibition was generally dependent on the extract concentration. The study indicated that both plant exhibited allelopathic activity and growth inhibitory effects on wheat at higher concentration; however, extracts of C. maculosa were more phytoinhibitory than M. officinalis. The weeds could serve as potent allelopathic plants for management of other weeds.
Karyological properties of some Onobrychis taxa belonging to a Hymenobrychis sec

In this study, chromosome numbers and morphologies of six Onobrychis taxa [Onobrychis tournefortii (Willd.) Desv. , Onobrychis albiflora Hub-Mor. , Onobrychis hypargyrea Boiss. , Onobrychis radiata (Desf.) Bieb. , Onobrychis meschetica Grossh, and Onobrychis galegifolia Boiss. ] were investigated with the squash preparation method. These taxa belong to the Hymenobrychis section, including two endemic species naturally grown in Turkey. First, karyotype analysis of the Onobrychis meschetica was performed. Then mitotic metaphase and basic chromosome numbers of the taxa were determined in 2n=14 and x= 7, respectively. Chromosomes showed differences as median to submedian according to centromer position. Except O. meschetica, all of the taxa generally included a satelite on chromosome I or IV.
IN VITRO FERTILITY TEST OF HUMAN SPERMATOZOA MEMBRANE PROTEIN FERTILIN BETA ANTIBODY IN MICE (Mus musculus Balb/c) AS IMMUNOCONTRACEPTIVE CANDIDATE

One of the materials as potential candidates immunocontraception material is spermatozoa. Fertilin beta is spermatozoa membrane protein and is found only in mature spermatozoa and ejaculate, which serves as an adhesion molecule. Spermatozoa membrane protein that is used as an ingredient immunocontraception candidate, must have specific criteria that the specificity of spermatozoa, the role of antigen in the fertilization process, which includes the formation of immunogenicity sufficient antibody response has the potential to block fertilization. Antibodies against spermatozoa affect the stages before fertilization of the reproductive process and can hinder the development of the embryo after fertilization. Until now very little research data spermatozoa membrane protein as an ingredient immunocontraception are up to the test of experimental animals. The research objective is to prove the role of the resulting antibody induction of antibodies fertilin beta protein in the membrane of human spermatozoa induce agglutination and reduce motility thus reducing the number of in vitro fertilization. Research conducted at the IVF Laboratory, Department of Biology of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga. This research includes: Test the potential of antibody protein beta fertilin membrane of human spermatozoa and inhibit the role of antibodies in vitro fertilization in mice (Mus musculus Balb/c). In vitro studies have resulted in fertilization figure of 25% is smaller than the number that is equal to control fertilization of 58.7%, whereas previously the spermatozoa were incubated first with a beta membrane protein antibody fertilin human spermatozoa. While the percentage of inhibition of sperm to fertilize an oocyte by 33.75%. Potential imunokontraseptif considered effective if it decreased significantly (P <0.05) than the numbers fertilization in the treatment group compared with the control group. This shows fertilin beta membrane protein antibody has the ability to inhibit human spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes that reduce the number of fertilization.
Stochastic and deterministic effects on interactions between canopy and recruiting species in forest communities

This study was funded through projects COEXMED (CGL2012‐36776) and COEXMED II (CGL2015‐69118‐C2‐1‐P) from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. M.P. received funding from FPU Grant AP2012‐1107 from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.
Production of Probiotic Stirred Yoghurt from Camel Milk and Oat Milk

The effect of partial replacement of camel's milk with Oat milk on the physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, antioxidant and sensory properties of probiotic stirred camel milk yoghurt during storage was investigated. Stirred yoghurt was made from camel milk served as a control, and the other treatments were made from camel milk after replacing 10, 20, 30 and 40% of it by Oat milk. Resultant stirred yoghurt of other treatments were analyzed after1, 5 and 10 day of storage at 4 ± 1˚C for physicochemical, microbiological, antioxidant and sensory properties Results revealed that partial replacement of camel's milk with Oat milk were more effective in increasing the total solids, protein, ash, total carbohydrates, acidity and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), viscosity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity and these increments were proportional to the replacement ratio. Partial replacement of camel's milk with Oat milk enhanced the via­bility of Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum and this enhancement was proportional to the replacement ratio . Probiotic camel milk stirred yoghurt containing 40 % Oat milk had the highest scores for sensory properties compared to other probiotic camel milk stirred yoghurt treatments . Thus, The study concluded that camel milk could be replaced with Oat milk until 40 % as a source of bioactive components and dietary fiber in manufacture of probiotic camel stirred milk yoghurt, this replacement up to 40% improved the physicochemical, rheological, microbiological antioxidant and sensory properties of resultant yoghurt.
Complementary sampling methods for coral histology, metabolomics and microbiome

Underwater visual surveys of coral reefs are the primary method managers use to monitor coral health. However, these surveys are limited to visual signs, such as bleaching and tissue loss lesions, which occur only after significant stress has accumulated. More holistic characterization of coral health can allow for better monitoring of reef changes across natural environmental gradients, in response to anthropogenic stress and after disturbance events (e.g. disease outbreaks, mass bleaching, dredging, run‐off events). Various methods exist to evaluate the health of the coral holobiont that do not depend on visual signs, including histological assessment, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic profiles, yet these tools are rarely deployed concurrently. We present a clear, readily deployable protocol for sampling and preserving coral fragments, including (a) extraction of coral metabolites for analysis, (b) preservation of microbiome DNA for sequencing and (c) preservation of coral tissues for histopathology. Combined with visual surveys, these methods provide an unparalleled, holistic characterization of coral health. We provide a field‐tested, optimized protocol for conducting coral sampling. This protocol guides the user through concurrent assessments of coral tissue structure and the holobiont microbiome and metabolome, and directs the user to useful resources for downstream data analysis. This protocol facilitates quantitative characterization of coral health beyond visual surveys alone, which is a valuable step forward in reef research and management and will improve our ability to describe, model and mediate impacts to coral reefs.
Interactions between Dietary Minerals and Reproduction in farm Animal

The production efficiency of farm animals is largely dependent on their reproductive performance, and there are interactions between reproductive performance and mineral status. Minerals are inorganic nutrients, usually required in small amounts and they play an important role in metabolic processes. For optimal productivity, twenty two (22) beneficial mineral elements have been identified and classified. These include copper, cobalt, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, selenium, calcium, iodine, zinc, iron, chlorine, sodium, chromium, molybdenum and among others. Studies have shown that minerals are involved in intracellular detoxification of free radicals, biosynthesis of steroids and cellular metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and nucleic acid. Minerals have beneficial or detrimental effects on animal physiological wellbeing, depending on its balance. Some of the consequences of inadequate (deficiencies) or excesses dietary mineral intake include delayed puberty, impaired spermatogenesis and prolonged postpartum anestrus. The mechanisms by which minerals impinge on reproduction are not completely clear, but evidence exists, that their effects are mainly exerted at the higher neural centres or hypothalamus. Therefore this paper was an attempt to review the interaction between minerals and animal reproduction. It will also review the negative effect of mineral when they are over fed. Furthermore, this review could also serve as a ready source of literature for researchers in animal nutrition and nutritional reproductive physiology .
Administration of orexin A in the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus promotes cocaine-seeking behavior and is associated with hypothalamic activation

Hypothalamic orexin (Orx) neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) have received growing interest because of their role in drug-seeking behavior. When injected in the posterior PVT (pPVT), OrxA reinstated extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior in rats that had long access (LgA) to cocaine for 6 h/day after an intermediate period of abstinence (I-Abst, 2-3 weeks). Considering the long-lasting nature of drug-seeking behavior and that the PVT sends projections to the hypothalamus, the present study examined whether (i) OrxA’s priming effect is preserved after a period of protracted abstinence (P-Abst, 4-5 weeks) in LgA rats and (ii) the neural activation pattern (i.e., Fos+ and Fos+/Orx+ cells) in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), and perifornical area (PFA) following intra-pPVT OrxA administration that may explain OrxA-induced reinstatement in LgA animals. As reported previously, OrxA administration in the pPVT triggered cocaine-seeking behavior after I-Abst. With P-Abst, the priming effect of OrxA was absent. An intra-pPVT injection of OrxA produced a strong increase in neuronal activation (i.e., Fos expression) in the LH/DMH/PFA at I-Abst but not at P-Abst. The analysis of the activation (Fos+) of Orx neurons (Orx+) revealed an increase in Fos+/Orx+ expression in the LH/DMH/PFA at I-Abst only, thus paralleling the behavioral data. These data indicate that shortly after abstinence, PVT↔LH/DMH/PFA connections are strongly recruited in animals with a history of cocaine dependence. The lack of effect at P-Abst suggests that the function of Orx receptors and connectivity of the PVT↔LH/DMH/PFA circuit undergo significant neuroadaptations following P-Abst. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A better understanding of the pathophysiological changes associated with cocaine addiction is needed to develop efficient pharmacotherapies. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) and orexin (Orx) transmission within the PVT have been implicated in maladaptive (compulsive) behavior that is characteristic of drug addiction. The present study shows OrxA injections in the posterior PVT reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior in animals with a history of cocaine dependence, and this effect disappears after protracted abstinence, paralleled by the neuronal activation pattern in the hypothalamus. In subjects with a history of cocaine dependence, the function of Orx receptors and connectivity of the PVT↔ LH/DMH/PFA circuit undergo significant neuroadaptations.
Public Motivation: Motivasi Spiritual Gaya Baru (Studi Deskriptif pada Motivator Muda Reno di Lembaga Internusa)

The purpose of this journal article is look at the motivation that was built by motivators in alluding to spiritual motivation in a new style through public motivation. The importance of motivation in this millennial era as the fulfillment of secondary human needs in the spiritual dimension that is trapped in the modernity of the world. This research was conducted by observing the Tarhib Ramadhan activities in the PDHI Wonosari building, Gunung Kidul with in-depth interviews with young motivator Reno and training participants. The result and discussion show that the rhetoric of public motivation with a new style, both through face to facr and online, has an effect on the general public, which can be seen from his enthusiasm in participacing in training, even though he has to pay.
Conflicting expectations on carbon dioxide utilisation

ABSTRACT To utilise carbon dioxide as a resource rather than treating it only as a polluting greenhouse gas is gaining increased attention. Expectations on the future capabilities of technologies that could make utilisation of carbon dioxide possible are currently raised in scientific literature. These are in important ways shaping the development process by defining what is possible and desirable to develop. Building on sociology of expectations, we show how some of these expectations are in conflict. The most notable expectation of carbon dioxide utilisation is that it will contribute to mitigation of climate change, but at the same time there are conflicting expectations regarding suitable applications, requirements on feedstock and energy use, and how the concept should be framed in relation to other technologies. These conflicting expectations show how different types of actions are encouraged, and how technologies related to seemingly similar goals could result in very different levels of greenhouse gas emissions and thereby climate change impact.