Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ambient air and noise quality in India during diwali festival: A Review

This study deals with the effects of fireworks on the air quality over the major cities of India during the festival of light known as “Diwali”. The effects of firecrackers during the festival was assessed from the ambient concentrations of various air pollutants such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) with diameter less than 10 µm. The concentrations of gaseous pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 as well as particulate pollutants such as PM10 and PM2.5 was found about 2-6 times higher during the day of festival because of the use of huge quantity of firecrackers that emits a large amount of pollutants into the atmosphere. Previous studies indicated that the concentrations of above air pollutants during Diwali festival was found several folds higher as compared to the 24-h standard of National Ambient Air Quality Standards of India (NAAQS) given by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. Concentrations of metallic elements analysed in fireworks aerosol samples in previous studies in India reported its higher contribution during Diwali festival as compared to the limit value of NAAQS of India. The noise levels in the Indian cities during the night of Diwali festival were also found to be higher. The deterioration of ambient air quality due to the anthropogenic activity such as the use of firecrackers in the megacities of India has significant impacts on human health on a regional scale. This review suggested the development of serious strategies to control the use of firecrackers during the festival of light in the major cities of India to protect human health.
Combining cost-based queueing control with resource allocation in wireless networks

This paper is concerned with the cross-layer control of wireless multihop networks, in particular with joint network layer queueing control and physical layer resource allocation. For this, we bring a recently developed cost-function based queueing network control framework called μ-MaxWeight into the wireless network context. Thereby we combine the advantages of μ- MaxWeight, which provides universal stability while staying close to an inherent cost-metric, with an advanced wireless physical layer resource allocation policy for interference mitigation based on power control. To circumvent the difficult non-convex nature of the latter problem, we use a powerful successive convex approximation technique. Apart from interference mitigation, the proposed cost-based cross-layer control framework allows to easily incorporate application-dependent constraints and inherently handles the routing and scheduling issues in wireless multihop and relaying networks. Using numerical simulations, insight into the operation of the cost-based control and the convex-approximation power control is given. Moreover, the performance of this cross-layer approach is evaluated by comparing to state-of-the-art backpressure based wireless cross-layer optimization algorithms.
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyo- pathy (MNGIE) in a Malaysian patient with a novel mutation in thymidine phosphorylase gene: A case report

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a rare neurodegenerative multisystem disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and characterized clinically by gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, ophthalmoparesis and/or ptosis, peripheral neuropathy and leukoencephalopathy. Heterogenous causative mutations in the thymidine phosphorylase (TP) gene located on chromosome 22q13 have been identifi ed. This is the fi rst reported case of a 25-year-old Malaysian patient, of indigenous Bajau ethnicity who presented with recurrent abdominal pain before developing other clinical features of classical MNGIE. Biochemical correlates include elevated plasma levels of thymidine, deoxyuridine and lactate. The brain MRI showed diffuse leucoencephalopathy while nerve conduction studies were consistent with demyelinating polyneuropathy. Direct DNA sequencing of the nine coding exons of the TP gene showed both a novel and a previously described mutation. The former is a point mutation in exon 5 (NG_011860.1:g.7387C>T) at amino acid position 179, resulting in a stop codon and premature truncation of thymidine phosphorylase(TP) protein while the latter mutation occurred at exon 10 (NG_011860.1:g.9279C>T) resulting in a missense homozygous mutation at amino acid position 471. Defi nite diagnosis was based on clinical features, plasma and urinary nucleosides and the identifi cation of mutations in the TP gene. This case report adds to the knowledge of genotype-phenotype relationship of TP mutations and its occurrence among ethnic groups worldwide.
Isolation of Campylobacters from Intestinal Tract of Poultry in Northern Region of India

Campylobacter is one of the most common food-borne bacterial enteropathogens. We planned to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistogram of Campylobacter in poultry in and around Chandigarh. Poultry samples (n = 127) were obtained from slaughter houses/retail outlets and cultured microaerophilically on Campylobacter media. The isolates were identified phenotypically and by molecular investigation. Identification of specific genes to look for resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin and streptomycin was also done. Campylobacter was isolated from 57/127 (44.9%) of the samples. The most frequent serotypes identified were B: 2, S: 27, Z5: 52 and Z7: 57. All culture isolates (100%) were reconfirmed as Campylobacter by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction. Molecular identification of isolates revealed the presence of C. jejuni in 45 (79.0%), C. coli in 1 (1.8%) and co-infection of C. coli and C. jejuni in 11 (19.3%). No C. lari and C. upsaliensis were detected. Antibiogram typing showed nalidixic acid resistance in 36.8%, ciprofloxacin resistance in 35.0% and 31.5% resistance for both streptomycin and tetracyclin. A high level of Campylobacter prevalence was found among the poultry with C. jejuni being the most commonly isolated species. Resistance to major antibiotics among Campylobacter isolates from poultry was also very high. The study of prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry and its resistance to major antibiotics will help to plan risk burden strategies throughout the food chain.
III-V GaAs and INP HBT devices for 4G & 5G wireless applications

With 5G implementation details still remaining to be defined, it is already clear that the corresponding handset power amplifiers (PAs) will require high-linearity, high-efficiency performance. In this context, the present paper first examines the PA landscape of available candidate technologies and then shows that InP/GaAsSb Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (DHBTs) offer performance differentiating features. Indeed, InP/GaAsSb DHBTs exhibit weaker CBC variations than other bipolar technologies, a key differentiator of nonlinear performance in bipolar transistors. Some drawbacks of InP DHBT technology are addressed with potential anticipated pathways for solutions.
Evaluation of the Association between Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and Dental Caries among Children

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age specific Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental caries among children. Seventy eight children of age group 3-6 years were examined and measured for height, weight and dental caries experience. Dental caries severity in primary dentition was calculated by using deft index. BMI was calculated by using metric formula. Co-variates included age and gender. Overall, 53% of normal weight, 81% of underweight and 70% of overweight had deft score > 0. Underweight children had significantly higher mean deft value than the normal weight children. The number of healthy teeth decreased with increasing age and dental caries experience were found to be equal amongst girls and boys. Theoretically, overweight should be associated with dental caries, but this association was not found. Rather, nutritional deficiency was found to be correlated to increased dental caries severity.
Movement disorders Paroxysmal movement disorders : An update

Paroxysmal movement disorders comprise both paroxysmal dyskinesia, characterized by attacks of dystonic and/or choreic movements, and episodic ataxia, defined by attacks of cerebellar ataxia. They may be primary (familial or sporadic) or secondary to an underlying cause. They can be classified according to their phenomenology (kinesigenic, non-kinesigenic or exercise-induced) or their genetic cause. The main genes involved in primary paroxysmal movement disorders include PRRT2, PNKD, SLC2A1, ATP1A3, GCH1, PARK2, ADCY5, CACNA1A and KCNA1. Many cases remain genetically undiagnosed, thereby suggesting that additional culprit genes remain to be discovered. The present report is a general overview that aims to help clinicians diagnose and treat patients with paroxysmal move-
A NOTE ON THE OCCURANCE OF AN UPPER CRETACEOUS ICHTHYOSAUROMORPH TOOTH , FROM WEST TEXAS

During the Early-Late Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) of the Western Interior Seaway, ophthalomosaurid ichthyosaurs were in a significant decline due to the various paleoecological pressures, such as faunal shifting. During this interval, ichthyosaurs were represented by just a single well-known genus, Platypterygius. The genus has mostly been known from fragmentary remains and teeth which have been found broadly in North American sediments. These medium sized, yet robust Ichthyosaurs have been reported globally from both the northern and southern hemispheres, with the type specimen found in New Zealand. Reports of their presence in Europe and South America are indicative and that they had attained a cosmopolitan status. However, North American occurrences have been rarely documented, and in various taphonomic settings from coastal to deep marine. This note will bring a possible new occurrence for the North American fossil record. This new information is based on a tooth morphology closely resembling Platypterygius found in west Texas. Emphasis on Texas occurrences, species summary, and identification based on tooth morphology along with paleoecological interpretation are also discussed in this report.
Solar Differential Rotation Influenced by Latitudinal Entropy Variations in the Tachocline

Three-dimensional simulations of solar convection in spherical shells are used to evaluate the differential rotation that results as thermal boundary conditions are varied. In some simulations a latitudinal entropy variation is imposed at the lower boundary in order to take into account the coupling between the convective envelope and the radiative interior through thermal wind balance in the tachocline. The issue is whether the baroclinic forcing arising from tachocline-induced entropy variations can break the tendency for numerical simulations of convection to yield cylindrical rotation profiles, unlike the conical profiles deduced from helioseismology. As the amplitude of the imposed variation is increased, cylindrical rotation profiles do give way to more conical profiles that exhibit nearly radial angular velocity contours at midlatitudes. Conical rotation profiles are maintained primarily by the resolved convective heat flux, which transmits entropy variations from the lower boundary into the convective envelope, giving rise to baroclinic forcing. The relative amplitude of the imposed entropy variations is of order 10-5, corresponding to a latitudinal temperature variation of about 10 K. The role of thermal wind balance and tachocline-induced entropy variations in maintaining the solar differential rotation is discussed.
Inflation Dynamics and Real Marginal Costs: New Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing Industries

This paper deals with the analysis of price-setting in U.S. manufacturing industries. Recent studies have heavily criticized the ability of the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) to fit aggregate inflation (see, e.g., Rudd and Whelan, 2006). We challenge this evidence, showing that forward-looking behavior as implied by the New Keynesian model of price-setting is widely supported at the sectoral level. In fact, current and expected future values of the income share of intermediate goods emerge as an effective driver of inflation dynamics. Unlike alternative proxies for the forcing variable, the cost of intermediate goods presents dynamic properties in line with the predictions of the New Keynesian theory.
Single-laboratory validation of determination of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol and fusel alcohols in wine spirits, brandies and grape marc spirits using gc-fid

This work presents the determination of principal volatile compounds (acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, methanol, 2-butanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl- 1-propanol, 2-propen-1-ol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol) in wine spirits, brandies and grape marc spirits by GC-FID. The method was evaluated in terms of suitability of chromatographic system, accuracy, precision, linearity and detection and quantifi cation limits. The method showed good accuracy for the majority of the compounds and it presented linearity and precision for all compounds. Based on these results the method seems suitable for quality control of marc spirits and wine spirits.
Clinical Parameters of the Gummy Smile among Sudanese Female Sample

The gummy smile is one of the esthetic and psychological problems for adults especially females. The aim of this study: is to evaluate the relationship between the gummy smile and: Length of the upper lip; height of the clinical crown and inter-labial gap and to help clinicians to indentify the most significant clinical parameters that associated with gummy smile. Materials and methods: The Sample comprised of 35 females, aged 20-35 years, matched to 35 controls for age sex and race, selected randomly from outpatient clinic at Khartoum dental teaching hospital and from Khartoum University, Faculty of Dentistry. A Sony 10 mega pixel Digital Camera was used for photography and Photoshop software program for the measurements. Results: Among the three parameters, the height of the clinical crown of maxillary anteriors teeth showed significant result of a p-value 0.04 and the Inter-labial gap showed highly significant result p-value 0.000 when comparing the sample to the controls. The inter-labial gap showed a high correlation to the gummy smile level p-value 0.016. Conclusion: A proper diagnosis and treatment planning of gummy smile should be aimed to correct these parameters and especially the inter-labia gap to normal value at the end of the treatment either by orthodontic or orthognathic surgery.
"Development of lithium disilicate microstructure graded glass-ceramic"

The goal of this experiment was to create a microstructure graded glass-ceramic and investigate the resulting properties as a function of crystallization processing. The desired glass-ceramic was a lithium disilicate material that has a crystallization gradient across the depth of the sample, leading to functionally graded properties as a result of the microstructure gradient. The homogeneous nucleated glass samples were melted and poured at 1400°C, annealed at 400°C for 48 hours, nucleated at 480°C for 2 hours. To create an atmosphere in which crystallization would occur on one surface but not homogeneously throughout the sample, a temperature gradient imposed during crystallization. Heterogeneous glassceramic samples were created on a self-constructed resistance wire furnace that was open to air. Several crystallization processing parameters were tested, including high temperature for a short time and low temperature for a long time. Samples were ground and polished to 0.25 microns before characterization methods were performed. Microhardness showed a transition in hardness values across the sample depth, with high hardness on the crystalline side and low hardness on the glassy side. Raman Spectroscopy showed a transformation of the characteristic spectra across the sample depth, with defined high-intensity peaks on the crystalline side and broad low-intensity peaks on the glassy side. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed the microstructure transition across the sample depth, with crystals present on the crystalline side and only nuclei present on the glassy side. The characterization methods showed that the desired material was created and the resulting properties were a function of the crystallization processing parameters. BIO:
2-D Myocardial Deformation Imaging Based on RF-Based Nonrigid Image Registration

Myocardial deformation imaging is a well-established echocardiographic technique for the assessment of myocardial function. Although some solutions make use of speckle tracking of the reconstructed B-mode images, others apply block matching (BM) on the underlying radio frequency (RF) data in order to increase sensitivity to small interframe motion and deformation. However, for both approaches, lateral motion estimation remains a challenge due to the relatively poor lateral resolution of the ultrasound image in combination with the lack of phase information in this direction. Hereto, nonrigid image registration (NRIR) of B-mode images has previously been proposed as an attractive solution. However, hereby, the advantages of RF-based tracking were lost. The aim of this paper was, therefore, to develop an NRIR motion estimator adapted to RF data sets. The accuracy of this estimator was quantified using synthetic data and was contrasted against a state-of-the-art BM solution. The results show that RF-based NRIR outperforms BM in terms of tracking accuracy, particularly, as hypothesized, in the lateral direction. Finally, this RF-based NRIR algorithm was applied clinically, illustrating its ability to estimate both in-plane velocity components in vivo.
Mitochondrial DNA Markers for PCR-Based Phylogenetic Analysis of Ark Shells

Arcidae species are commercially important bivalves in Japan and are commonly referred to as bloody ark due to their red blood. They have thick shells with distinct radiating ribs, and the numbers of these ribs are important morphological features for species discrimination. However, some Arcidae species are morphologically indistinguishable, with a similar number of the ribs in adults and deficient rib formation, particularly among juveniles. Thus, we developed a reliable molecular marker to genetically discriminate between 7 Arcidae species belonging to Scapharca, Anadara, and Tegillarca based on species-specific polymorphic segments of mitochondrial DNA. PCR amplification of partial COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA, and Cyt b genes was performed on 7 species using 8 primer sets. Only the set of Scapharca-specific forward primer and universal reverse primer for the partial COI gene successfully yielded single PCR products from all 7 species examined. Thus, nucleotide sequences of 481 bp portion of these PCR products were determined, and the degrees of nucleotide substitutions ranged from 0.4% between S. broughtonii and T. granosa to 20.2% between S. satowi and A. antiquata. In addition, a phylogenetic tree showed significant differences between 7 species, with higher bootstrap support than 69.
Toward an Integration of Goal Setting Theory and the Automaticity Model

Two laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the extent to which goal setting theory explains the effects of goals that are primed in the subconscious on task performance. The first experiment examined the effect on performance of three primes that connote the difficulty levels of a goal in the subconscious. Participants (n = 91) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions where they were primed with either a photograph of a person lifting 20 pounds (easy goal), 200 pounds (moderately difficult goal), or 400 pounds (difficult goal). Following a filler task, participants were asked to “press as hard as you can” on a digital weight scale. Participants who were primed with the difficult goal exerted more effort than those who were primed with the moderate or easy goal. The second experiment examined whether choice of goal difficulty level can be primed. Participants (n = 133) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. Those primed with a difficult goal consciously chose to set a more difficult goal on a brainstorming task than those who were primed with an easier goal. Similarly, their performance was significantly higher. Conscientiousness moderated the subconscious goal–performance relationship while the self-set conscious goal partially mediated the subconscious goal–performance relationship.
Development of challenge models to assess vaccine efficacy

Vaccinat ion could potentially be used as a practical means of controlling bovine tuberculosis in countr ies in w h i c h a wildlife reservoi r of the disease is present, and also in those countr ies wh i ch cannot afford convent ional control strategies. A n understanding of the processes involved in the protect ive immune response to tuberculosis is desirable for the rational development and testing of n e w vacc ines for tuberculosis. T h e authors rev iew current knowledge regarding the processes involved in protect ive immune responses to tuberculosis, much of w h i c h has been der ived f rom studies in mice. Th is knowledge is discussed in relation to the problem of using vaccinat ion to induce protective immunity in cattle, deer and wildlife. Challenge models have n o w been developed to test candidate vacc ines in many domestic animals and wildlife species and these models are being used to evaluate tuberculosis vacc ines. Most studies of the ef f icacy of tuberculosis vacc ines in target animals have focused on the use of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. Recent advances in immunology and the molecular biology of mycobacter ia have greatly increased the options for candidate vacc ines and future studies wil l test n e w types of vacc ines including n e w attenuated strains of M. bovis, sub-unit protein vacc ines and recombinant deoxyr ibonucleic acid vacc ines . Severa l of these vacc ines have s h o w n promising results w h e n tested in small animal models. A l though progress has been made in the development of vacc ine del ivery systems for animals, the technical problems associated wi th vaccinat ion of wildlife remain a chal lenge.
27 DETERMINATION OF PREPLACODAL ECTODERM AND SENSORY PLACODES

During development, the ectoderm adjacent to the neural plate becomes specialized to form numerous peripheral sensory structures. In the vertebrate head, these organs derive from two regions of lateral ectoderm: the neural crest and the cranial sensory placodes. Although the regulation of neural crest development has been studied for decades, only recently have some of the genes involved in placode development been revealed by both work on gene function in model animals and by identifying mutations involved in human craniofacial defects. This chapter reviews recent findings involving the induction and specification of the ectoderm that gives rise to the cranial sensory placodes, it describes the known transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of placode fate and initial differentiation, and it identifies some of the human congenital defects that are caused by mutations in these genes.
Verification of IT value model using dynamic partial adjustment valuation: Case study on banking company

The last rapid technology development was increased in several years. The relationship about IT value and firm performance have influenced business performance, especially in the banking company. Resource-Based View Theory is approach model to analyze some variables in IT value and firm performance. In fact, dynamic PAV applies to the model verification. Dynamic Partial Adjustment Valuation (PAV) with auto-correction is used to adjust the speed of adjustment (SOA) and compare with the average performance ratio (APR) between the two-factor (without IT) after correction and the three-factor (with IT) in models. The statistical result shows that the average performance ratio for the three-factor model is higher than the two-factor model.