Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mobile Phone App to Improve the Mental Health of Taxi Drivers: Single-Arm Feasibility Trial

Background Psychological distress among taxi drivers is 5 times higher than that in the general population, and more than half of all drivers have experienced 3 or more potentially traumatic events in their lifetime. Nevertheless, help-seeking for mental health problems in this male-dominated, predominately immigrant workforce is low. Mobile technologies have the potential to increase mental health awareness, teach self-help skills, and encourage help-seeking in this hard-to-reach population. Objective This study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of Driving to Health, a mobile phone–friendly mental health website app designed for people working as taxi drivers. Methods Drivers (n=46) were recruited from the Melbourne Airport Taxi Holding Yard to participate in a single-arm trial. Self-reported, paper-based assessments were completed at baseline and at 1 month. Feasibility was measured by completion rates, representativeness of study participants, and levels of use. Acceptability was assessed by measuring users’ perception of the quality of the app and anticipated levels of future use. The efficacy of Driving to Health to increase awareness, self-help behaviors, and intentions to seek help was assessed using the user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (uMARS) and the General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ). Psychological symptoms were measured using the short form of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using complete case analysis. Results In total, 42 participants comprising drivers from 10 different countries of origin, and 14 different languages, completed pre- and poststudy measures (42/46, 91% completion rate). Just under half (45%) of all users used the app more than once with an average visit of 4 min 8 seconds. Responding to the uMARS, 62% (26/42) of the participants said that they would recommend the app to many people. Nearly all (40/42, 95%) participants said that Driving to Health increased awareness of their own mental health; 86% (36/42) said that it increased their mental health knowledge; and 76% (32/42) said that it increased their self-help behaviors. Increases in help-seeking intentions on the GHSQ were not significant, and increases on all 3 scales of DASS-21 were not reliable or meaningful. Conclusions This study suggests that Driving to Health is an acceptable and feasible electronic health intervention for a hard-to-reach population. Our findings also suggest that Driving to Health results in increases in mental health awareness, behaviors, and willingness to seek help.
Processing of time reference in agrammatic speakers of Akan: a language with grammatical tone

ABSTRACT Background: Languages of the world have several ways of expressing time reference. Many languages such as those in the Indo-European group express time reference through tense. Languages such as Chinese and Standard Indonesian express time reference through aspectual adverbs, while Akan does so through grammatical tone. Previous studies have found that time reference is selectively impaired, with reference to the past being more impaired than reference to the non-past. The PAst DIscourse LInking Hypothesis (PADILIH) posits that pastime reference is difficult because it requires discourse linking. Aims: The goal of this study was first to examine whether pastime reference is impaired also in languages that do not use grammatical affixes but rather tone, to make time reference. Second, this study aims to decouple the effect of tone from the effect of temporal reference on Akan verbs. Method and Procedures: Ten Akan agrammatic speakers and 10 non-brain-damaged speakers (NBDs) participated in this study. An Akan adapted version of the Test for Assessing Reference of Time (African TART), for both production and comprehension was used. The TART focuses on the future, present (habitual) and the pastime frames. Additionally, five of the agrammatic speakers performed two tonal discrimination tasks: a non-linguistic and a linguistic (lexical) one. Outcomes and Results: While the NBDs scored at ceiling, the agrammatic speakers made errors, and these affected past more than present and the future time references, in both comprehension and production tasks. However, the comprehension data showed a dissociation between the present habitual and the future. The substitution error analysis revealed a preference for the present. The five agrammatic speakers showed an intact performance on non-linguistic tonal discrimination task. Conclusion: The conclusion is that regardless of how time reference is expressed, whether through inflectional morphology or grammatical tone, reference to the past is problematic for individuals with agrammatic aphasia. The fact that the agrammatic speakers could perceive the non-linguistic tonal differences demonstrates that it is not tone in general that is disrupted, but rather time reference, particularly reference to the past, as predicted by the PADILIH.
Foundations of physical education and sport

Part 1 The nature and scope of physical education and sport: meaning and philosophy of physical education and sport objectives for physical education and sport role of physical education and sport in society and in education movement - the keystone of physical adaption and sport. Part 2 Foundations of physical education and sport: historical foundations of physical adaption and sports biochemical foundations of physical education and sport exercise physiology sociological foundations of physical education and sport psychological foundations of physical education and sport. Part 3 Careers and professional considerations in physical education and sport: careers, leadership, and professional organisations in physical education and sport teaching and coaching careers in physical education and sport fitness and health-related careers in physical education and sport sports careers in media, management, performance, and other related areas. Part 4 issues, challenges and the future of physical education and sport issues and challenges in physical education and sport the future of physical education and sport.
Currently Available Monitoring and Surveillance Systems for Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., Schistosoma spp., and Soil-Transmitted Helminths at the Control/Elimination Stage: A Systematic Review

An increasing global focus on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has resulted in the set up of numerous control and elimination activities worldwide. This is partly true for Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis, the most important foodborne parasitic infection. Despite substantial progress, adequate monitoring and surveillance (M&S) are required to sustain a status of control/elimination. This is often lacking, especially for T. solium. Therefore, the objective was to conduct a systematic literature review of the currently available M&S systems at the control/elimination stage of the four top-ranked helminth NTDs. Specifically, Taenia spp. , Echinococcus spp. , Schistosoma spp. , and soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) were considered to determine if there are any similarities between their M&S systems and whether certain approaches can be adopted from each other. The systematic review demonstrated that rigorous M&S systems have been designed for the control/elimination stage of both STHs and schistosomiasis, particularly in China. On the other hand, a concept of M&S for Taenia spp. and Echinococcus spp. has not been fully developed yet, due to a lack of epidemiological data and the fact that many endemic countries are far away from reaching control/elimination. Moreover, accurate diagnostic tools for all four diseases are still imperfect, which complicates proper M&S. Finally, there is an urgent need to develop and harmonize/standardize M&S activities in order to reliably determine and compare the epidemiological situation worldwide.
A naturalistic, long-term follow-up of purging disorder

Abstract Background The DSM-5 introduced purging disorder (PD) as an other specified feeding or eating disorder characterized by recurrent purging in the absence of binge eating. The current study sought to describe the long-term outcome of PD and to examine predictors of outcome. Methods Women (N = 84) who met research criteria for PD completed a comprehensive battery of baseline interview and questionnaire assessments. At an average of 10.24 (3.81) years follow-up, available records indicated all women were living, and over 95% were successfully located (n = 80) while over two-thirds (n = 58) completed follow-up assessments. Eating disorder status, full recovery status, and level of eating pathology were examined as outcomes. Severity and comorbidity indicators were tested as predictors of outcome. Results Although women experienced a clinically significant reduction in global eating pathology, 58% continued to meet criteria for a DSM-5 eating disorder at follow-up. Only 30% met established criteria for a full recovery. Women reported significant decreases in purging frequency, weight and shape concerns, and cognitive restraint, but did not report significant decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Quality of life was impaired in the physical, psychological, and social domains. More severe weight and shape concerns at baseline predicted meeting criteria for an eating disorder at follow-up. Other baseline severity indicators and comorbidity did not predict the outcome. Conclusions Results highlight the severity and chronicity of PD as a clinically significant eating disorder. Future work should examine maintenance factors to better adapt treatments for PD.
Video Head Impulse Testing: From Bench to Bedside

Abstract Over 30 years ago, the head impulse test (HIT) was measured with search coil recordings and it provided robust evidence for a new test of vestibular function that could detect impairment of a single semicircular canal, that is, the lateral canal. Over the next two decades, the diagnostic spectrum of HIT was expanded to the testing of vertical canals, differentiation of central from peripheral vestibulopathy, and incorporation of visual interaction—the suppressed head impulse. However, HIT measurement was limited to very few specialized laboratories that were able to maintain the time-consuming and expensive operation of the scleral search coil system, which is the gold standard in eye movement recording. The video HIT (vHIT) was validated for the first time over 10 years ago, against the search coils, and its introduction into dizzy clinics worldwide has revolutionized the practice of neuro-otology. Here we review the basic physiology, practical aspects, and clinical application of the vHIT.
Forecast of Dengue Cases in 20 Chinese Cities Based on the Deep Learning Method

Dengue fever (DF) is one of the most rapidly spreading diseases in the world, and accurate forecasts of dengue in a timely manner might help local government implement effective control measures. To obtain the accurate forecasting of DF cases, it is crucial to model the long-term dependency in time series data, which is difficult for a typical machine learning method. This study aimed to develop a timely accurate forecasting model of dengue based on long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks while only considering monthly dengue cases and climate factors. The performance of LSTM models was compared with the other previously published models when predicting DF cases one month into the future. Our results showed that the LSTM model reduced the average the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the predictions by 12.99% to 24.91% and reduced the average RMSE of the predictions in the outbreak period by 15.09% to 26.82% as compared with other candidate models. The LSTM model achieved superior performance in predicting dengue cases as compared with other previously published forecasting models. Moreover, transfer learning (TL) can improve the generalization ability of the model in areas with fewer dengue incidences. The findings provide a more precise forecasting dengue model and could be used for other dengue-like infectious diseases.
Genome-Wide Study of the GATL Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum L. Reveals that GhGATL Genes Act on Pectin Synthesis to Regulate Plant Growth and Fiber Elongation

Pectin is a major polysaccharide component that promotes plant growth and fiber elongation in cotton. In previous studies, the galacturonosyltransferase-like (GATL) gene family has been shown to be involved in pectin synthesis. However, few studies have been performed on cotton GATL genes. Here, a total of 33, 17, and 16 GATL genes were respectively identified in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum. In multiple plant species, phylogenetic analysis divided GATL genes into five groups named GATL-a to GATL-e, and the number of groups was found to gradually change over evolution. Whole genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication played a significant role in the expansion of the GATL gene family in G. hirsutum. Selection pressure analyses revealed that GATL-a and GATL-b groups underwent a great positive selection pressure during evolution. Moreover, the expression patterns revealed that most of highly expressed GhGATL genes belong to GATL-a and GATL-b groups, which have more segmental duplications and larger positive selection value, suggesting that these genes may play an important role in the evolution of cotton plants. We overexpressed GhGATL2, GhGATL9, GhGATL12, and GhGATL15 in Arabidopsis and silenced the GhGATL15 gene in cotton through a virus induced gene silencing assay (VIGS). The transgenic and VIGS lines showed significant differences in stem diameter, epidermal hair length, stamen length, seed size, and fiber length than the control plant. In addition, the pectin content test proved that the pectin was significantly increased in the transgenic lines and reduced in VIGS plants, demonstrating that GhGATL genes have similar functions and act on the pectin synthesis to regulate plant growth and fiber elongation. In summary, we performed a comprehensive analysis of GhGATL genes in G. hirsutum including evolution, structure and function, in order to better understand GhGATL genes in cotton for further studies.
The highs and lows of sole parenting experienced by wāhine Māori : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Philosophy (Health) at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Wāhine Māori and their experiences of sole parenting is an important field of study although it is under-examined in the field of research. The topic is common in literature that is related to political, economic and educational issues of children being raised by a sole parent. An examination of the experiences of wāhine Māori sole parents is the focus of this study and is an area with very little academic research. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach relevant in exploratory research that focuses on experiences and perceptions of people, in this research wāhine Māori. A kanohi ki kanohi interview process enabled the voices of the wāhine Māori to be heard, prompting their detailed lived experiences. Kaupapa Māori, Māori-centred research and a Mana wāhine approach guided and influenced this research. The findings from this research showed that wāhine Māori identified the importance of education, therefore completing academic studies and seeking employment. Essentially they became role models for their tamariki. A major contribution was the significant supportive role played by the grandfathers who had fundamentally parented them then went on to manaaki their mokopuna. Other ‘good men’ had made an impact with the tamariki for example mentoring them through sporting ventures. A recognition for the wāhine Māori as sole parents was they were successful in parenting their tamariki for their future growth and development and therefore strived for the same outcomes as others in society. Finally, these insights provide the basis for recommendations to improve social services for wāhine Māori and principles to guide their future development.
Examining isolation and commitment as mechanisms by which remote work influences subsequent individual and organisational outcomes

As the prevalence of remote work rises, so too does the uncertainty surrounding associated outcomes. The current research examined factors associated with remote work and how these related to individual and organisational outcomes. To further understand these relationships, the mediating influence of social and professional isolation and organisational commitment was assessed. Sixty-seven remote workers completed online surveys at three time points separated by two-week intervals. Social and professional isolation mediated relationships between need for relatedness and remote work reason, and the outcome variables of organisational commitment, job satisfaction, and advancement opportunities. Organisational commitment mediated relationships between physical isolation, management support, and remote work reason, and all outcomes variables (social and professional isolation, job satisfaction, remote work effectiveness, advancement opportunities, turnover intent). Results highlight the significance of social and professional isolation and organisational commitment in determining outcomes, and encourage remote working individuals and organisations to consider these important areas of focus.
Why Boredom Is Interesting

Is boredom bad? It is certainly common: Most everybody gets bored. There is a sense that boredom sometimes causes bad things to happen (e.g., substance use, self-harm) and sometimes causes good things to happen (e.g., daydreaming, creativity), but it is hard to understand what boredom does without first understanding what it is. According to the meaning-and-attentional-components (MAC) model of boredom and cognitive engagement, the emotion of boredom signals deficits in attention and meaning. Much like pain, it may not be pleasant, but boredom critically alerts us that we are unable or unwilling to successfully engage attention in meaningful activities. Whether that is good or bad rests ultimately on how we respond.
Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids for Persistent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Background Persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by excessive fibroproliferation, ongoing inflammation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and a substantial risk of death. Because previous reports suggested that corticosteroids may improve survival, we performed a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of corticosteroids in patients with persistent ARDS. Methods We randomly assigned 180 patients with ARDS of at least seven days' duration to receive either methylprednisolone or placebo in a double-blind fashion. The primary end point was mortality at 60 days. Secondary end points included the number of ventilator-free days and organ-failure–free days, biochemical markers of inflammation and fibroproliferation, and infectious complications. Results At 60 days, the hospital mortality rate was 28.6 percent in the placebo group (95 percent confidence interval, 20.3 to 38.6 percent) and 29.2 percent in the methylprednisolone group (95 percent confidence interval, 20.8 to 39.4 p.
Current status of lumbar disc replacements and motion preservation devices

Lumbar disc replacement and motion preservation is a popular concept to treat degenerative disc disease in the lumbar spine. These surgical interventions are thought to maintain mobility at the operated level and subsequently aid in the prevention of adjacent level degeneration. This article reviews the current status of lumbar disc replacement and motion preservation devices. A literature search was performed via PubMed with an emphasis on reviewing articles published within the last 2 years to discuss recent developments and trends on lumbar disc replacement and motion preservation devices. Based on this criterion, we reviewed over 40 articles in detail recently published on lumbar disc replacement and motion preservation devices. More than 20 of these articles discussed lumbar disc replacement specifically. These articles ranged from outcome studies to the biomechanics of the prosthesis to discussion of adjacent segment degeneration. Ten articles discussed various posterior motion preservation devices ranging from pedicle-based systems to one article that discussed facet joint resurfacing. The remaining articles discussed various other modalities of treatment for the lumbar spine from biologics to manipulative therapy. After this thorough review of the literature, approximately 30 articles are highlighted, as they are particularly relevant to the topic of discussion. Compared with some spine topics, there is little recent literature available for review on this important topic. There are motion preservation devices available for use in the US with proven clinical success, but there is no evidence of definitive prevention or dissipation of adjacent level degeneration with the use of these devices. Further clinical research and product development is imperative to allow for the evolution of this intriguing treatment modality to prosper.
Study on the Distribution HIV-1 C Subtype in Ruili and other Counties, Yunnan, China

Cooperating with CDC, USA, the Center for AIDS Surveillance, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, first identified the epidemic of HIV-1 C subtype virus in China in 1994. As part of the Eighth-Five National Scientific Program and to get information about the geographical distribution of C subtype of HIV-1 and its epidemic time span in Yunnan, using specific peptide ELISA, we tested 192 anti HIV-1 positive serums,among intravenous drug users. The results indicated that C subtype of HIV-1 started to appear in Ruili (5.1%)in 1992,and the rates were 12.9% in Ruili and 30.4% in Longchuan in 1993,up to 31.9% in Ruili and 33.3% in Longchuan in 1994. The porpotion of C subtype is increasing among the drug users by year. Whether C subtype would become the main the main epidemic subtype in this areas remains to be under observation.
Distinct seasonal dynamics of responses to elevated CO2 in two understorey grass species differing in shade‐tolerance

Abstract Understorey plant communities are crucial to maintain species diversity and ecosystem processes including nutrient cycling and regeneration of overstorey trees. Most studies exploring effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in forests have, however, been done on overstorey trees, while understorey communities received only limited attention. The hypothesis that understorey grass species differ in shade‐tolerance and development dynamics, and temporally exploit different niches under elevated [CO2], was tested during the fourth year of [CO2] treatment. We assumed stimulated carbon gain by elevated [CO2] even at low light conditions in strongly shade‐tolerant Luzula sylvatica, while its stimulation under elevated [CO2] in less shade‐tolerant Calamagrostis arundinacea was expected only in early spring when the tree canopy is not fully developed. We found evidence supporting this hypothesis. While elevated [CO2] stimulated photosynthesis in L. sylvatica mainly in the peak of the growing season (by 55%–57% in July and August), even at low light intensities (50 µmol m−2 s−1), stimulatory effect of [CO2] in C. arundinacea was found mainly under high light intensities (200 µmol m−2 s−1) at the beginning of the growing season (increase by 171% in May) and gradually declined during the season. Elevated [CO2] also substantially stimulated leaf mass area and root‐to‐shoot ratio in L. sylvatica, while only insignificant increases were observed in C. arundinacea. Our physiological and morphological analyses indicate that understorey species, differing in shade‐tolerance, under elevated [CO2] exploit distinct niches in light environment given by the dynamics of the tree canopy.