Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospective of Calcium Phosphate Cements for Bone Regeneration in Relation to Physicochemical, Mechanical and Biological Properties

In the early 1980s, scientists at the American Dental Association LeGeros et al. [1] and Brown and Chow [2-5] first explored the possibility of generating a monolithic calcium orthophosphate ceramic at ambient or body temperature via a cementation reaction among one or more component of calcium orthophosphate precursors. Presently this type of materials is referred to as Calcium Phosphate Cements (CPC). The discovery of self-setting CPC was a significant achievement in the field of bioceramics for bone regeneration, since its self-setting nature opened up the door for minimally invasive surgical techniques as compared to classical surgical methods [6]. The aim of biomimetic CPC is to temporarily play the role of artificial bone with minimal interference on bone functions and properties until a new bone has been grown in its place. Apart from excellent biological behaviour exhibited by CPC, its injectability, hardenability in vivo at body temperature [7,8], mouldability and adaptation to the surrounding bone even for irregularly shaped cavities, represent its unique advantage over other bioceramics, which are difficult to machine and shape [9]. After a comprehensive mechanical characterization for both hydroxyapatite and brushite forming CPC, [10] Charrière et al. found that hydroxyapatite cements have the potential to be structural biomaterials while brushite cements are suitable as bone fillers. Typical applications of Review Article
E P ] 24 S ep 2 01 4 Transits and Occultations

When we are fortunate enough to view an exoplanetary system n early edge-on, the star and planet periodically eclipse each other. Observations of eclipses —transits and occultations—provide a bonanza of information that cannot be obtained from radial-velocit y data alone, such as the relative dimensions of the planet and its host star, as well as the orientation of t he planet’s orbit relative to the sky plane and relative to the stellar rotation axis. The wavelength-depe ndence of the eclipse signal gives clues about the the temperature and composition of the planetary atmospher e. Anomalies in the timing or other properties of the eclipses may betray the presence of additional planet s or moons. Searching for eclipses is also a productive means of discovering new planets. This chapter r eviews the basic geometry and physics of eclipses, and summarizes the knowledge that has been gained through eclipse observations, as well as the information that might be gained in the future.
OUTLINES-CRITICAL PRACTICE STUDIES

Collective memory, social memory, professional memory: although these notions are in current use when we name the shared (or assumed to be shared) representations of the past, they are very ambiguous. The point at issue is to show how memories can become common to some or to all members of a group. In this paper, I shall base my arguments on the simplest situation imaginable: The sharing of a memory of an olfactory experience by two individuals, namely one of my informants – a gravedigger – and myself. We can try to explain this shared olfactory memory, or the imagination of this sharing, by taking two facets into consideration. First of all, we must learn to take seriously those few seconds when a shared experience of the sensory world took shape between the anthropologist and his informant. Secondly, we must attempt to answer both of the following questions: what is the nature of this sharing? And what conditions make it possible? In the first part of this text, I examine the issue of the nature of sharing by weighing up its aspects as I consider protomemory, memory and metamemory. In the second part, I outline one of the essential conditions of sharing: the existence of what I call sociotransmitters. For the most part, my attention remains focused on that particular moment when the gravedigger said, “Smell this! ”, and when what was at stake was to save the interaction. Memory can be defined as the discontinuous set of traces of the past (distant or recent) that we mobilize and reconfigure hic et nunc in order to project ourselves into a future (immediate or distant), by means of reasoning or imagination (Miller, 2007; Hassabis et al., 2007; Dudai and Carruthers, 2005). Because every trace implies some loss it is incomplete in terms of what left the trace (Candau, 1998a & 2002) memory is always made of things remembered and things forgotten. Although the study of the forms of shared forgetting (Connerton, 2008) is neglected (M. de Miguel, 2004), it is easier to
Influence of Environmental Stress and Male Infertility-A Clinical Evaluation

Infertility is becoming a significant problem globally. To find out the epidemiology of infertility particularly male infertility a study was carried out in a South Indian state. In the present study from the couples visiting a fertility clinic in the Kerala state of India for primary infertility treatment and consultation 750 families were chosen for socio-demographic and clinical study. From the study it was observed that 55.87% of males,41.33% of females,2.13% of both partnersand 0,67percent of unknown factors are responsibleforinfertility. The sociodemographic and clinical study of the identified infertile males showed that all are literate,and 73.98% were in the age group 31-40 years,78.24% were unable to attain fatherhood within 5 years after marriage.Among the 419 males identified with infertility 78.26 percent are working as software professionals usingcomputers, laptops, WI-FI ambience, mobile phones and other microwave radiating devices for over 8 hours per day either in India or abroad having every chance of exposure to electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation(nonionizing radiations) and thermal emission. Clinical evaluation of the infertile males showed that deformities in the semen is the major reason (80.19%) for infertility. However other factors like endocrine dysfunctions (10.26%), and varicoceole in genital part (4.62%) also influence the immunity. In the present survey, four types of sperm disorders were observed. This includeoligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) in 35% of the cases, asthenoteratozoospermia (AT) in 40% of the sample, Teratospermia (T) in 5% of the males and mixed of all these problems in 13 percent of males. The study showed that the incidence of Asthenoteratozoospermia is significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other disorders. Next to AT, OAT prevalence is high. The long hours of exposure tomicrowave radiation emitting digital devicesare believed to induce stress oxidative changes in male reproductive physiology followed by DNAdamagesin the sperm cells thereasons for male infertility. Lifestyle changes likefood habit, dress code, obesity, hormonal changes, work pressure, and certain medications may be the other reasons to strengthen semen defects. Due to COVID-19 lockdown online learning and job work carried out through mobile phones, computer laptops, and WI-FI ambiance and other radiation-emitting gadgets for several hours. So children at and reproductive adults involved in online programme for several hours should plan for their reproductive safety
Interventional Treatment of Secondary and Essential Hypertension

Systemic hypertension (HTN) is a major public health problem. India had 41.5 million people with HTN in 2000 and the burden is projected to increase by another 5 million by 2025. [1] HTN is divided in to primary and secondary and vast majority (≥90%) of cases belong to former group. [2] The management consists of lifestyle alterations along with judicious use of pharmacotherapy. A remedial cause of HTN, termed secondary can be identified in approximately 10% of cases. The treatment of specific cause can achieve normalization or better control of blood pressure (BP) with improved outcomes. Table 1 shows causes of secondary HTN amenable to surgical or percutaneous interventions. Various device-based therapies have emerged principally targeted at the treatment of resistant HTN. The therapeutic interventions used in secondary and essential HTN will be discussed in following subheads: 1. Endovascular renal interventions 2. Aortic interventions 3. Role of surgery 4. Renal denervation (RND). Endovascular Renal Interventions
Banding urea and lignosulfonate in corn (Zea mays L) production and 15N recovery

The use of urea in corn (Zea mays L.) production is common. Under current N fertilizer recommendations for corn, urea may have adverse effects on corn growth when applied in a band. The effects of ammonium lignosulfonate (LS) on corn growth and on N uptake from the banded application of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) mixtures were investigated on two soils from eastern Quebec. Field experiments were initiated in the first week of May 1991 on an Ormstown silty clay and a Ste. Rosalie clay soils (fine, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Humaquepts). Treatments were two rates of urea (30 and 90 kg urea-N ha−1) in combination with DAP (14 kg N ha−1), with or without banded fertilizer solutions of LS (8 kg N ha−1) applied at planting 5 cm to the side and 3 cm below the seed. A no treatment control was included. The low rate of urea and DAP (no LS added) resulted in a 19 and 24% increase in grain yield at the Ste. Rosalie and Ormstown, respectively, when compared with the unfertilized plots. When compared with th.
THE MOTIVATIONAL EFFECT OF OIL EXPLORATION IN SOMALI AND THE HABITUAL AFRICAN RESOURCE CURSE

Purpose: The abundance of natural resources is usually considered the blessing for the countries that own such resources. However, such wealth is often associated with poverty and a slower economic growth. This phenomenon is called the resource curse, and it shows that most countries that are rich in natural resources have markedly reduced economic growth and development, and it shows that the wealth of natural resources adversely affects their economies, although it is intuitively expected to be the opposite i.e. that such wealth would have a positive impact on the country’s economic development. The general objective of the study was to find out the motivational effect of oil exploration in Somali and the habitual African resource curse. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that Oil resource exploration has led to progress in some developed economies such as Canada which was able to avoid the resource curse. This is because oil revenues helped Canada among other countries make investments in capital, build employment and grow. Other countries such as Russia and Japan have not been able to avoid the resource curse. African countries in general where the majority of oil producing nations are, have an inverse correlation between oil production and industrial development. Examples of African countries that have been affected by the resource curse are Nigeria, Angola, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Empirical results indicate that, Somalia motivation for oil exploration is for economic development. However, it has not been spared the resource curse because the presence of oil has led to civil wars and terrorisms as groups seek to control the areas with oil fields. In addition, Somali and Kenya have involved diplomatic warfare over oil reserves that are located in the Indian Ocean near their borders. Recommendations: The study recommends that the government should enact laws which will govern petroleum operations, as well as empowering the Somali Petroleum Authority,(SPA) which will act as a regulatory body overseeing oil and gas activity.
Retrospective analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for the treatment of acute appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most commonly encountered emergency by the general surgeons and appendectomy is the most common surgery performed in the world. Although open appendectomy is preferred by many surgeons, yet the laparoscopic approach is gradually replacing open surgery for treatment of acute appendicitis. Methods: A total of 400 patients of acute appendicitis were operated, 200 by laparoscopic appendectomy and 200 by open method by a single surgeon at various private hospitals in Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir), India over a period of three years from July 2017 to July 2020. The two groups were compared with respect to operative time, duration of hospital stay, post-operative pain, complication rate and time taken to resume routine activity and cosmetic satisfaction of the patients. Results: Results were found to be better with the laparoscopic technique. There was significantly less pain in the postoperative period with faster recovery, early resumption to work, reduced postoperative complications and better cosmetic satisfaction of the patients operated by the laparoscopic appendectomy technique as compared to open surgery. Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe and feasible technique in expert hands, for treatment of acute appendicitis with results comparable to the open appendectomy, with no obvious increase in complications and is definitely a procedure of choice for the management of acute appendicitis.
Accurate counting Method for Pilgrims During their flow from Arafat To Muzdalifa and Mina

In this paper we present a real-time crowd model used for counting pilgrimage crowds during their movements from Arafat to Mozdalifa and further to Mina based on continuum dynamics. In this model, a dynamic potential field simultaneously integrates global navigation with moving obstacles such as other people, efficiently solving for the motion of large crowds without the need for explicit collision avoidance. Simulations created with this system run at interactive rates, demonstrate smooth flow under a variety of conditions, and naturally exhibit emergent phenomena that have been observed in real crowds. We focus on real-time synthesis of crowd motion based on continuum dynamics for thousands of individuals with intersecting paths. Our formulation is designed for large groups with common goals, not for scenarios where each person’s intention is distinctly different.
An efficient numerical approach for solving the variable-order time fractional diffusion equation using chebyshev spectral collocation method

In this paper we consider the one-dimensional variable-order time fractional diffusion equation where the order is $ q(x,t)in (0,1) $. One type of Caputo fractional derivative is introduced and to get a numerical technique, the time variable is discretized using a finite difference plan then we use a spectral collocation method to discretize the spatial derivative. ‎ ‎In order to show the effectiveness and accuracy of this method‎, ‎some test problems are considered‎, ‎and it is shown that the obtained results are in very good agreement with exact solutions‎.
Extending the Classifier Algorithms in Machine Learning to Improve the Performance in Spoken Language Understanding Systems Under Deficient Training Data

Article history: Received: 31 August, 2020 Accepted: 31 October, 2020 Online: 20 November, 2020 One of the open domain challenges for Spoken Dialogue System (SDS) is to maintain a natural conversation for rarely visited domain i.e. domain with fewer data. Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) is a component of SDS that converts user utterance into a semantic form that a computer can understand. If we scale SDS open domain challenge to SLU then it should be able to convert user utterance to a semantic form even if less data is available for the rarest visited domain. The SLU reported in literature incorporate classifiers for the task of identifying the domain of user utterance, understanding the intent of the user, and filling slots-value pair. Thus, to address open domain challenges, classifiers in SLU must be robust to scarce training data. This paper presents investigations to improve the performance of SLU to convert user utterance into semantic form even if less training data is available. Eleven classification algorithms from machine learning have experimented under deficient data. The evaluation matrices used are accuracy, f-score, and inter crossentropy. Comprehensive experimentation is carried out on the two publicly available datasets DSTC2 and DSTC3 were carried out.The accuracy for Support Vector Machine (SVM) , Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Decision tree are 0.940, 0.960 , 0.955 for DSTC2 and 0.916, 0.900, 0.901 for DSTC3 database respectively. The F-score for SVM, SGD and Decision tree are 0.855, 0.868, 0.849 for DSTC2 dataset and 0.725, 0.715, 0.700 for DSTC3 database, respectively. The ICE for SVM and SGD are 1.191,1.100 for DSTC2 dataset and 3.180,2.999 for DSTC3 database, respectively. The performance of SLU based on SVM and SGD was found to be the best among all. The worst performance in terms of all three evaluation metrics was displayed by SLU incorporating Automatic Relevance Determination (ARD) and Relevance Vector Machine (RVC) classifier.
Impact of different residue management on Carbon dynamics in Rice- wheat cropping system: A Review

Depletion of organic carbon in Indian soils is another worrying factor for unsustainable agricultural productivity and depletion of SOC and overall deterioration of soil health. Long-term studies have shown that practices like improved fertilizer management, manuring and compost application, residue incorporation, crop rotation, green manuring, reduced tillage, adjusting irrigation method enhanced soil carbon build up and storage (Kimble et al., 2002; Purakayastha et al., 2008; Nayak et al., 2012). However, the addition of organic waste materials is a management technique with the potential to increase SOC content and to improve soil quality. This is a feasible option in tropical part of the world where inorganic fertilizer costs are high but organic materials are available adequately. There are few options available to dispose of the crop residues are making manure, in-situ incorporation. In this scenario, biochar, pyrolysed product of biomass offers a significant, multidimensional opportunity to transform large scale agricultural waste streams from a financial and environmental liability to valuable assets. Interestingly if these residues are converted into biochar, 50% of initial biomass C can be recovered as compared to only 3% during open burning and <10–20% after 5–10 years during biomass decomposition (Baldock and Smernik, 2002). Biochar, produced by the pyrolysis of biomass under limited oxygen, is highly stable and resistant to microbial decay. Thus there is considerable interest in the concept of applying biochar to soil as a long-term sink for carbon (C) thereby mitigating climate change (Prayogo et al., 2014). This approach is a win-win strategy as the application of biochar is reported to increase crop yields with a range between6−144% with few exceptions where yield was reduced (Purakayastha et al., 2017).
Context-Aware Computational Trust Model for Recommender Systems

With increase in computing and networking technologies, many organizations have managed to place their services online with the aim of achieving efficiency in customer service as well as reach more potential customers, also with communicable diseases such as COVID-19 and need for social distancing, many people are encouraged to work from home, including shopping. To meet this objective in areas with poor Internet connectivity, the government of Kenya recently announced partnership with Google Inc for use of Google Loon. This has come up with challenges which include information overload on the side of the end consumer as well as security loopholes such as dishonest vendors preying on unsuspecting consumers. Recommender systems have been used to alleviate these two challenges by helping online users select the best item for their case. However, most recommender systems, especially common filtering recommendation algorithm (CFRA) based systems still rely on presenting output based on selections of nearest neighbors (most similar users – birds of the same feathers flock together). This leaves room for manipulation of the output by mimicking the features of their target and then picking malicious item such that when the recommender system runs, it will output the same malicious item to the target – a trust issue. Data to construct trust is equally a challenge. In this research, we propose to address this issue by creating a trust adjustment factor (TAF) for recommender systems for online services.
THE NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

Health insecurity is a major problem affecting the well-being of internally displaced persons in Nigeria. In the Niger Delta region, the situation remains virulent with attendant consequences on the displaced population. This study investigated health insecurity among the internally displaced persons. Data were sourced across three States of the Niger Delta Region, identified among areas with a high rate of internal displacement. Human Security Approach was employed as a theoretical framework. A total of 582 respondents (Bayelsa = 206, Delta = 211, and Rivers = 165) who had been displaced between the year 2012 to 2018 were randomly selected, and a questionnaire was administered. Findings indicated that 51.9% of respondents in Delta state, 50.0% in Rivers state, and 35.7% in Bayelsa state were diagnosed with diseases resulting from flood displacement. The diseases diagnosed were high blood pressure, cholera, hernia, malaria, measles, tuberculosis, and typhoid. While the diagnosis of blood pressure was high in Bayelsa (3.9%) and Delta (3.5%), the diagnosis of cholera was not recorded in Bayelsa and Delta States but Rivers state (3.4%). Those displaced by flood were 0.4 times less likely to experience abnormal health status than those displaced by other causes. The study concluded that displacement has serious implications on the health of internally displaced persons. It, therefore, recommended that medical centres should be cited in displaced camps to cater for the medical needs of the displaced population.
Potential application of exosome in drug delivery

The cells unendingly exude countless various types of microvesicles, including full scale and smaller extension atoms into the extracellular liquids. In this outline, we attempted to sum up the exosomal structure, game-plan, improvement, and parcel. We additionally talked about their dynamic movement in pathogenesis. The possible use of exosomes for decisive and healing purposes in different af(cid:977)lictions is correspondingly examined. Exosomes are accepted to be utilized as transporters between various locales of body. Exosomes are transmitted by a vast extent of cells and are in like way found richly in the body liquids, for example, spit, blood, pee and chest milk. The basic movement of exosomes is to pass on the data by passing on different effectors or hailing par-ticles between unequivocal cells. This examination sums up current informa-tion about the exosomes, their capacities, ordinary and therapeutic use com-paratively as making exosomes based meds that couldn’t be functional as of now.