Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial Row Activation for Low-Power DRAM System

Owing to increasing demand of faster and larger DRAM system, the DRAM system accounts for a large portion of the total power consumption of computing systems. As memory traffic and DRAM bandwidth grow, the row activation and I/O power consumptions are becoming major contributors to total DRAM power consumption. Thus, reducing row activation and I/O power consumptions has big potential for improving the power and energy efficiency of the computing systems. To this end, we propose a partial row activation scheme for memory writes, in which DRAM is re-architected to mitigate row overfetching problem of modern DRAMs and to reduce row activation power consumption. In addition, accompanying I/O power consumption in memory writes is also reduced by transferring only a part of cache line data that must be written to partially opened rows. In our proposed scheme, partial rows ranging from a one-eighth row to a full row can be activated to minimize row activation granularity for memory writes and the full bandwidth of the conventional DRAM can be maintained for memory reads. Our partial row activation scheme is shown to reduce total DRAM power consumption by up to 32% and 23% on average, which outperforms previously proposed schemes in DRAM power saving with almost no performance loss.
Study of CP violation in B ∓ → Dh ∓ ( h 1⁄4 K ; π ) with the modes D →

D → K∓π π0, D → πþπ−π0 and D → KþK−π0 R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration) (Received 21 April 2015; published 26 June 2015) An analysis of the decays of B∓ → DK∓ and B∓ → Dπ∓ is presented in which the D meson is reconstructed in the three-body final states K∓π π, πþπ−π0 and KþK−π0. Using data from LHCb corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 of pp collisions, measurements of several CP observables are performed. First observations are obtained of the suppressed Atwood-Dunietz-Soni decay B∓ → 1⁄2π∓K π Dπ∓ and the quasi-Gronau-London-Wyler decay B∓ → 1⁄2KþK−π0 Dπ∓. The results are interpreted in the context of the unitarity triangle angle γ and related parameters.
Effect of cyclosporine on mycophenolic acid trough levels in kidney transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Triple drug treatment consisting of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), in a standard dose of 2 g daily, combined with cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone, has become the standard immunosuppressive regimen after kidney transplantation in many centers. The need for therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA) has not yet been established. Several drug interactions with MMF are known. We investigated the influence of CsA withdrawal on MPA trough levels in renal transplant patients. METHODS Fifty-two patients were treated with 1 g of MMF twice daily, and prednisone and CsA targeted between 125 and 175 ng/ml for 6 months after transplantation. At 6 months after transplantation, 19 patients were randomized for continuation of triple therapy (group A), 19 patients discontinued CsA (group B), and 14 patients discontinued prednisone (group C). We compared 12-hr fasted MPA trough levels at 6 and 9 months after transplantation within and between these groups. RESULTS MPA trough levels during treatment with CsA, MMF, and prednisone were significantly lower than those during treatment with MMF and prednisone only (group B); median levels were 1.87 mg/L (range: 0.56-5.27) vs. 3.16 mg/L (range: 0.32-7.78), respectively (P=0.002). MPA trough levels in groups A and C did not change between 6 and 9 months after transplantation; group A median levels were 1.87 (range: 0.31-4.32) vs. 1.53 mg/L (range: 0.36-3.70), and group C median levels were 1.62 (range: 0.69-10.34) vs. 1.79 mg/L (range: 0.54-6.00), respectively. At 9 months after transplantation, patients in whom CsA was discontinued had higher MPA trough levels as compared with patients who continued the use of triple therapy (P=0.001) or patients in whom steroids were withdrawn (P=0.014). CONCLUSION A significant increase of MPA trough levels was found after discontinuation of CsA (6 months after transplantation), resulting in almost a doubling of MPA trough levels at 9 months after transplantation. This resulted in increased MPA levels in patients without CsA as compared to MPA levels in patients continuing triple therapy or discontinuing prednisone.
Ancient lead and zinc mining in Rajasthan, India

Abstract Lead and zinc mines in Rajasthan, India, were examined, in relation to, especially, the early use of zinc as a metal. Carbon dates of circa 2000 years before present established Zawar as the world's oldest zinc mines. Large‐scale mining for lead at Rajpura‐Dariba goes back to circa 3000 years before present. Major features found are described, emphasising the considerable scale of operations, and methods used.
Sexual behaviour after antiretroviral therapy initiation in female sex workers and HIV-positive patients from the general population, Cotonou, Benin

From September 2008 to December 2011, we enrolled and followed-up 247 HIV-negative, 88 untreated and 32 treated HIV-positive female sex workers (FSWs), as well as 238 untreated and 115 treated HIV-positive patients from the general population (GP) of Cotonou, Benin. We wanted to assess the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on sexual risk-taking in FSWs and patients from the GP. We used multivariate log binomial regression models for repeated measures to compare risky behaviours reported during pre-ART and post-ART visits and we performed linear time-trend analyses to assess changes in condom use in all five groups. At 58.8% of pre-ART and 45.3% of post-ART visits (adjusted p-value=0.293), treated FSWs have reported ≥16 clients during the last week of work. Inconsistent condom use with clients over the same period decreased by more than 50% (from 20.7 to 10.0%, adjusted p-value=0.082). In treated patients from the GP, inconsistent condom use with regular partners during the last four months was reported at 52.8% of pre-ART and 53.5% of post-ART visits (p=0.778). Reported casual sex was stable (36.8% versus 38.7%, adjusted p-value=0.924). In linear time-trend analyses, there was a significant downward trend in inconsistent condom use at the early stage of the study and stability thereafter in all HIV-negative and HIV-positive FSWs. There was no negative alteration in sexual behaviour following ART initiation either inpatients from the GP or in FSWs. The results underscore the key role of concomitant sexual risk-reduction strategies.
Genetic programming for edge detection via balancing individual training images

Edge detectors trained by a machine learning algorithm are usually evaluated by the accuracy based on overall pixels in the training stage, rather than the information for each training image. However, when the evaluation for training edge detectors considers the accuracy of each image, the influence on the final detectors has not been investigated. In this study, we employ genetic programming to evolve detectors with new fitness functions containing the accuracy of training images. The experimental results show that fitness functions based on the accuracy of single training images can balance the accuracies across detection results, and the fitness function combining the accuracy of overall pixels with the accuracy of training images together can improve the detection performance.
Oral manifestations associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in developing countries--are there differences from developed countries?

The past 2 decades have witnessed a profound transformation in the challenges facing the world with regard to HIV/AIDS infection. This fatal disease, though amenable to preventative measures, is now the fourth most common cause of death (UNAIDS/WHO, 1998). Globally, some 47 million people are HIV positive with 90% of these infections found in developing countries (Guthua et al, 1995). By the end of 1998, 33.4 million African children and adults were estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 67% (22.5 million) of these, even though only one-tenth of the world’s population resides there (UNAIDS/WHO, 1998). The spread of HIV in developing countries as indicated by reports from Africa, India and Thailand (UNAIDS/ WHO, 1998) is an issue of great concern. This is because most of the infected individuals are representative of the economically and reproductively active group within their communities. This will have a devastating effect on the socio-economic status of these already resource-poor countries—and the situation is made worse because of limited access to treatment with anti-HIV drugs. The purpose of this editorial is to draw attention to differences or similarities, if any, between the oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and AIDS (oral HIV/AIDS) in developing and developed countries. The association between tuberculosis (TB) and HIV has already been reported in the developing world (India, Vietnam, Philippines and Africa), but is less prevalent in the West (O’Keefe and Wood, 1996). Sub-Saharan Africa is where 6.6 million of the 9.4 million individuals who have HIV and TB are to be found. Malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies, especially protein energy malnutrition (Enwonwu, 1992) is rife amongst these populations in particular and is thought to be contributory to the oral and systemic complications of HIV infection. In Europe and North
Anesthesia Control Based on Intelligent Controllers

Monitoring and controlling the depth of anesthesia in surgery is so important. Compartmental models are well suited for closed-loop control of drug administration. In this paper, we develop a neural network and a fuzzy controller for nonlinear and compartmental system with nonnegative control input. In addition, the controllers guarantee that the physical system states remain in the nonnegative state space. After that, the proposed approaches are used to control the infusion of the anesthetic drug propofol in order to maintain a desired constant level of the depth of anesthesia for noncardiac surgery. In the end, this goal can be reached that intelligent systems are better than classic adaptive controller in adjustment of anesthesia with suitable condition of patient.
Demography of the long-lived conifer Agathis ovata in maquis and rainforest, New Caledonia

Abstract The endemic New Caledonian conifer Agathis ovata occurs as an emergent tree in fire-prone shrublands (maquis), and fire-sensitive rainforest. Growth, survivorship and recruitment over 5 yr were compared for populations from forest and maquis on ultramafic substrates in New Caledonia to investigate whether demographic behaviour varied in response to the strongly contrasting forest and shrubland environments. Growth of seedlings and of small (30–100 cm height) and large (100 cm height; 5 cm DBH) saplings was slow, but varied significantly among stages, site types and years. The greatest difference in growth rates was among stages, seedlings growing 0.34 cm.yr−1, small saplings 1.06 cm.yr−1 and large saplings 2.13 cm.yr−1. Tree DBH increased by only 0.05 cm.yr−1 and, based on these rates, individuals with DBH of 30 cm are estimated to be more than 700 yr old. Few trees (3.5%) produced cones in any year and seedling recruitment was low, but some recruitment was recorded each year in both maquis and forest. Rates of recruitment per parent were highest in forest (1.28.yr−1, cf 0.78.yr−1), but the higher density of trees in maquis meant that overall recruitment was greater there (92 ha−1.yr−1, cf 56 ha−1.yr−1). Seedling mortality ranged from 0.9 to 2.9% among years with no significant difference between maquis and forest. No sapling mortality was recorded, but annual tree mortality ranged from 0 to 1.4%. Evidence from a recently burned site indicated that while trees may survive fire, seedlings and saplings do not. Post-fire seedling recruitment per ha from surviving trees was four times lower than in unburned sites, but growth rates were four times higher. Similar demographic attributes, including high survivorship, low growth rate and low rates of recruitment over a long reproductive life, characterize Agathis ovata populations in both maquis and rainforest in New Caledonia and are indicative of a broad tolerance of light environments that is unusual among tree species. These demographic attributes help to explain the long-term persistence of the species in these strongly contrasting habitats. Abbreviations: CEC = Cation exchange capacity; NDF = neighbourhood density function.
Self-Care Technologies and Collaboration

The self-management of a chronic condition is a collaborative activity, performed by patients and carers. However, to date, self-care technologies have been mostly designed for individual use. This article uses a case study of people living with Parkinson’s disease to (a) illustrate how patients and carers collaborate in self-management, (b) discuss the reasons why self-care technology is designed for individual use, and (c) explore the implications of recognizing collaborations for the design of self-care technologies. This work is based on a qualitative study with interviews and observations with people living with Parkinson’s. The analysis illustrates how people living with Parkinson’s collaborate in self-care to build a good life. In particular, it exemplifies how the complex interplay of actions and of patients and carers enables the different self-care activities to take place. To further integrate self-care technology in everyday life, designers need to consider collaborations when studying the context, conceptualizing a technology, and planning an evaluation.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sex in Patients with Either Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia or Long‐QT Syndrome: A Rare But Shocking Experience

Patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and long‐QT syndrome (LQTS) are susceptible to cardiac events during sympathetic nervous system activation. Herein, we sought to determine the risk of cardiac events associated with sex in CPVT and LQTS patients.
Effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on kidney Notch2-Jagged1 pathway of early prenatal embryo.

AIMS To evaluate the effects of this insecticide on the embryonic development of kidney and to assess the important role of Notch2-Jagged1 pathway in this duration. METHODS AND RESULTS Chlorpyrifos (CPF) 5 mg/kg/d were administrated on gestation 7.5-11.5 day by subcutaneous injection. On gestation 16.5 day, the normal embryo kidney developed through S shape duration to the original kidney, which had the nephrons and could start to secret the urine. But for the CPF-treated mice, the embryo kidney developed much more slowly, they did not show the S shape and the nephrons. The Notch2-Jagged1 pathway should be expressed stronger in the normal embryo kidney on gestation 16.5 day, but for the CPF-treated mice we found the obvious weak pathway staining. CONCLUSIONS CPF broke the Notch2-Jagged1 pathway during the embryo kidney development, and the Notch2-Jagged1 pathway plays an important role in the S shape to original kidney formation duration.
Oral Vitamin A, E and D Supplementation of Pre-Term Newborns either Breast-Fed or Formula-Fed: a 3-Month Longitudinal Study

Background: In contrast to the studies of vitamin A and E status in children, adolescents and adults, information on preterm infants is scarce. In the present investigation we examined the vitamin A, D and E status of pre-term infants at birth, and verified whether, at 1 and 3 months, breast or formula feeding affected the plasma concentration of those vitamins while being supplemented with Uvesterol ADEC. Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, 2 groups of consecutively recruited preterm newborns fed either breast milk or formula received 3000 IU of vitamin A, 5 IU of vitamin E and 1000 IU of vitamin D daily. Vitamin A and E were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a surrogate marker for vitamin D status, was measured by radioimmunoassay, and retinol binding-protein concentration was measured by immunonephelometry. Results: At birth, formula-fed and breast-milk fed infants had similar plasma concentrations of vitamin A (0.75 ± 0.20 and 0.64 ± 0.21 m mol/L, ns), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (34.4 ± 25.6 and 47.5 ± 26.7 nmol/L, ns) and vitamin E (9.5 ± 3.2 and 8.4 ± 3.3 μmol/L, ns). Vitamins A and E, and retinol binding-protein concentrations steadily increased with time in both groups of infants without attaining, at 3 months, values considered normal in term infants and in young children. At 3 months of age, concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D reached values comparable to those observed in term infants. Conclusion: Plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E and of retinol binding-protein steadily increased during the the study without reaching full repletion values. At the conclusion of the study, the type of nutrition did not affect plasma vitamin concentrations.
Microbiological and chemical enrichment of freshwater-surface microlayers relative to the bulk-subsurface water.

Concentrations of bacteria, fungi, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, sulfate, and certain metals were enriched in freshwater-surface microlayer samples relative to the bulk-subsurface water. Results differed markedly depending on which of three methods for surface-microlayer collection was used. This report suggests that the biologically and chemically rich freshwater-surface microlayers contribute to ecological functions and interactions between subsurface water and the atmosphere not heretofore investigated in freshwater.
Contribution of inflammation to lung injury and development

Inflammation interferes with lung development in model systems and is present chronically in the lungs of preterm infants who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Antenatal inflammation is very commonly associated with preterm deliveries, but there is generally minimal information about the duration, intensity, or organisms associated with chorioamnionitis. In preterm lamb models, chorioamnionitis causes a lung injury similar to BPD and also causes clinical lung maturation. Continuous exposure of the developing lung before and after delivery to inflammation may be central to the development of BPD.
Incorporating near-surface layering in GPR data inversion for improved surface water content estimates

We analyze the retrieval of soil surface dielectric permittivity in presence of shallow dielectric contrasts using full-wave inversion of off-ground monostatic ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. Shallow soil layers affect the surface reflection and lead to constructive or destructive interferences which result, respectively, in overestimated and underestimated surface dielectric permittivity values. Synthetic GPR Green's functions were generated for a series of model configurations with different contrasts and different layer thicknesses. Green's function inversions were then performed to retrieve the initial parameters and analyze the sensitivity of the different parameters in the inverse problem. Two global optimization algorithms were used and compared, namely, a genetic algorithm and the multilevel coordinate search. The results showed that, depending on the contrast and layer thickness, it is not always possible to identify the original soil model. This depends in particular on the width of the frequency range. Both algorithms led to comparable results and did not converge properly in all cases, given their standard parameterization. Yet, the proposed method appears to be promising to improve real-time mapping of surface water content using off-ground GPR and full-wave inversion.
Evaluation of Needle Biopsy of Synovial Membrane

Although first described in 1951 (Polley and Bickel, 1951), needle biopsy of synovial membrane has not come into such common usage as that of liver, pleura, or even kidney. Judging from the few American reports dealing with its diagnostic value (Mikkelsen, Duff, Castor, Zevely, and French, 1958; Polley, Bickell and Dockerty, 1954; Rodnan, Yunis, and Totten, 1960; Schwartz and Cooper, 1961), the main disadvantages seem to be:
Meta-analysis reveals gender difference in the association of liver cancer incidence and excess BMI

Excess body weight has a positive association with risk of liver cancer, but the gender difference in the relationship between body mass index and liver cancer risk remains uncertainty. In this work, we performed meta-analysis for excess body weight and risk of liver cancer incidence to identify the gender difference. We searched the English-languages database and the Chinese literature databases to May 12, 2017. Overall, a total of 17 studies were included. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals was used to evaluate the strength of these associations. The RRs of liver cancer incidence for obese men and women were 2.04 (1.70–2.44) and 1.56 (1.37–1.78). The former one was significantly higher than the later one (P for interaction = 0.02). Notably, the RR of liver cancer incidence in non-Asian obese men was even higher than their counter part (2.31(1.85–2.91) vs. 1.56 (1.31–1.86), P for interaction = 0.01). Similar gender difference was observed in the dose-response curve. As example, at the point of BMI = 32 kg/m2, the RRs for men and women were 1.61 (1.45–1.79) and 1.41 (1.02–1.94) respectively. Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that obesity is associated with a higher risk of liver cancer incidence in men, especially in non-Asian men, which might partially contribute to the male dominance of liver cancer incidence.
Rapp‐Hodgkin Ectodermal Dysplasia

Abstract: Rapp‐Hodgkin syndrome is an uncommon, autosomai dominant condition characterized by distinctive craniofacial anomalies, cleft lip or palate, poor dentition, poor hair growth, dystrophic nails, and hypohidrosis, and hypospadias in boys. Since the originai report in 1966, fewer than 20 other patients have been described. We report a new sporadic case, a 12‐year‐oid boy who had erythrodermia and scaling skin at birth, and later developed most of the symptoms and findings previously described.
Ultrasound Imaging System: A Review

Ultrasound imaging is an efficient, noninvasive, method for medical diagnosis. It is now a mature technique to the extent that it has a well established place in clinical practice. This doesn't mean, however that the innovation in techniques and instrumentation has slowed down. Indeed opposite is true. In order to provide the patient oriented medical services, in and out of hospitals, an engineering community is doing research to transform a conventional standalone system into a low power, low cost, real time portable version. This review takes a look at some of the attempts which have been published as well as some of the issues which are still yet to be resolved.
Properties of Spinal Neuronal Thermosensitivity in Vivo and in Vitro a

Interest in the thermosensitivity of central nervous neurons has arisen, in the first place, from studies in which thermal stimulation of circumscribed brain sites produced adequate thermoregulatory responses. Single unit recording was started in 1961 on the hypothalamus6 with its well established thermosensory and thermoregulatory control functions. The results of numerous studies, first in uiuo in anesthetized animals and later in uitro on hypothalamic tissue slices were recently summarized. l** The disclosure of thermosensory and vestigial thermointegrative functions residing in the spinal cord may be considered as pivotal for the currently accepted multiple-input, multilevel concept of therrnoreg~lation. ~J ' Evidence for afferent transmission of spinal temperature signals5 and the observation of neuronal responses to spinal thermal stimulation of the pontine and medullary levelsi5J6 stimulated the search for ascending thermosensitive neurons at the spinal level. Warm and cold sensitive neuraxons were shown to run in the anterolateral spinal tract in cats12~i3 and in the lateral spinal tract in pigeon^. ^ These early studies are currently being complemented by in uitro recordings on tissue slices from the rat spinal cord. *J0