Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimated Global Epicardial Distribution of Activation Rate and Conduction Block During Porcine Ventricular Fibrillation

Block and Frequency Distribution During VF. Introduction: A proposed mechanism of the maintenance of ventricular fibrillation (VF) determined by studying small hearts or segments of large hearts is that a single stable rotor exists at the site of maximal activation rate, which gives rise to activation fronts that propagate into slower activating regions where they frequently block. We wished to determine if two predictions of this hypothesized mechanism are true during VF in large hearts: (1) there is a single maximum in the distribution of activation rates with the activation rate decreasing with distance away from this maximum; and (2) the incidence of block is greater outside than inside the fastest activating region.
Surface-Roughness-Based Virtual Textiles: Evaluation Using a Multi-Contactor Display

Virtual textiles, generated in response to exploratory movements, are presented to the fingertip via a 24-contactor vibrotactile array. Software models are based on surface-roughness profiles from real textiles. Results suggest that distinguishable “textile-like” surfaces are produced, but these lack the necessary accuracy for reliable matching to real textiles.
Modeling the Relationship Between Drug Lipophilicity and Potential for an Interaction With Orlistat

595 O an inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipases, is currently marketed as Xenical (prescription) and Alli (over the counter) for the long-term management of overweight and obesity. Because of its mechanism of action, there is a potential for orlistat to affect the absorption of concomitant medications, especially fat-soluble ones. Numerous definitive drug–drug interaction studies have been carried out to evaluate potential interactions between orlistat and concomitant medications. The selection of drugs for interaction studies with orlistat was based on 3 criteria: (1) compounds that fit the hypothesis testing related to orlistat-induced inhibition of fat absorption (ie, orlistat may reduce absorption of lipophilic drugs and nutrients such as fat-soluble vitamins), (2) drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, and (3) concomitant medications likely to be used by the targeted patient population, such as glucose-lowering agents, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive drugs. The overall pharmacokinetic results for the completed drug–drug interaction studies are summarized in Table I from the references listed there. In his review of olestra drug interaction study results, Goldman introduced a hypothesis that nonabsorbable fat substitute olestra interacts with a compound on the basis of its lipophilicity; that is, the potential for a reduced concomitant drug absorption increases with increasing lipophilicity of the compound logP. To generalize the results of our drug–drug interaction studies performed with orlistat (Table I), this logP model was further developed to relate the lipophilicity of the compounds over a wide range of their n-octanol/water partition coefficient, logP, to the potential for a drug–drug interaction (reduction of systemic absorption of concomitant medication by orlistat) to predict the likelihood of such an effect by the concomitant administration of orlistat.
The Main Etiologies of Acute Kidney Injury in the Newborns Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common diseases among the newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), which is usually resulted from predisposing factors including sepsis, hypovolemia, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and heart failure. The goal of this study was to assess main etiologies, relevant risk factors, and early outcome of neonatal AKI. Materials and Methods: In a cross- sectional study, 49 consecutive neonates hospitalized in NICU of Besat hospital with diagnosis of AKI from October 2009 to October 2011 were investigated through census sampling method. AKI was diagnosed based on urine output and serum creatinine levels. Results: The prevalence of AKI was 1.54% (49 out of 3166 newborns hospitalized in NICU) with the female: male was 7:1. Thirty-nine patients (79.5%) were full-term neonates. Oliguria was observed in 38 (77.5%) patients. Sepsis was the most common predisposing factor for AKI in 77.5% of patients (n = 38) accompanied with the highest mortality rate among other factors (30.5%). Other leading causes of AKI included hypovolemia secondary to dehydration, followed by hypoxia secondary to RDS, patent ductus arteriosus, posterior urethral valve, asphyxia, and renal venous thrombosis. A positive relationship was observed between neonates' age, sex, urine output, and also between serum creatinine levels with initiation of dialysis. The mortality rate among the newborns hospitalized with AKI was 36.7%. Eighteen (36.7%) newborns were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) of whom 10 patients (55.6%) died, 31 patients were managed conservatively of whom five neonate died (25.9%). Discussion: Prognosis of AKI in the oliguric neonates requiring PD is very poor. It is thus recommended to prevent AKI by predicting and rapid diagnosis of AKI in patients with potential risk factors and also by early and effective treatment of such factors in individuals with AKI.
Mouse Genome Added to Sequencing Effort

Even as the largest academic centers scramble to generate a rough draft of the human genome, they have taken on another monumental task. On 5 October, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) awarded the first $21 million, out of $130 million expected to be spent through 2002, to 10 U.S. laboratories for sequencing the mouse genome. Because the mouse is so well studied, the sequencing of its genome will speed the understanding of how our own genes work, experts say.
Effect of UVC radiation on mouse fibroblasts deficient for FAS-associated protein with death domain

Abstract Purpose: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced apoptosis enabled us to study the mechanism of DNA damage and to investigate how cells avoid consequences of damaged DNA. Cells with extensive DNA damage activate extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. The extrinsic pathway is coupled to a FAS-associated protein with death domain (FADD), an adaptor protein molecule necessary for mediating apoptotic signals through the cell. Materials and methods: Viability and apoptosis of wild-type and FADD-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts were investigated 1, 3, 24 and 48 h after exposure to three doses (50, 75 and 300 J/m2) of UVC radiation. Morphological changes were observed using DNA binding dyes (Hoechst and propidium iodide) while biochemical changes were monitored using immunodetection of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein cleavage and caspase-3 activity assay. Results: Results showed that the difference in cell death response between wild-type and FADD-deficient cells depended on dose and incubation time after exposure to UVC radiation. FADD-deficient cells are more sensitive to UVC radiation. Even though FADD-deficient cells lack an adapter protein of apoptotic extrinsic pathway, higher doses of UVC triggered their apoptotic response, while wild-type cells die mainly due to necrosis. A different pattern of caspase 3 activity and PARP cleavage was observed 24 h after radiation between two cell lines confirming higher apoptotic response in FADD-deficient cells. Conclusions: Wild-type cells can execute apoptosis via both, the mitochondrial and the receptor-mediated pathway whereas FADD-deficient cells can only activate the intrinsic pathway. There is a difference in UVC radiation response between two cell lines indicating the role of FADD in the selection of cell death modality.
Immunohistochemical assessment of parafibromin in mouse and human tissues

Parafibromin is a protein encoded by the HRPT2 oncosuppressor gene, whose mutation causes the hyperparathyroidism–jaw tumour syndrome, characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid adenoma or carcinoma, fibro‐osseous jaw tumours, and renal neoplastic and non‐neoplastic abnormalities. Non‐morphological techniques, such as Northern and Western blotting and reverse transcriptase‐PCR, indicate that parafibromin is ubiquitously expressed, but extensive immunohistochemical studies have not been performed. To increase our knowledge of the distribution and patterns of expression of parafibromin, we examined its expression and location in many different mouse and human organs by immunohistochemistry. There were no substantial differences in parafibromin expression between mouse and human. We found widespread expression of parafibromin, except in connective tissue, smooth muscle, endothelium and some other types of epithelia (colonic, urinary, tubaric, uterine, thyroid). Heterogeneity of positivity intensity and subcellular location (nuclear, nucleocytoplasmic, cytoplasmic) was found between tissues and cell types, suggesting differential functional involvement of parafibromin. Moreover, higher parafibromin expression was found in cell types, such as hepatocytes, cells of the base of gastric glands, renal cortex tubules and the pars intermedia of the hypophysis, which are characterized by different proliferative capacity, thus indicating that the cellular function of parafibromin may not be reduced only to its anti‐proliferative effect.
Bioactivity against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils grown in Colombia.

BACKGROUND Essential oils isolated from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook grown in Colombia were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and tested for repellent activity and contact toxicity against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). RESULTS The main components of C. citratus oil were geranial (34.4%), neral (28.4%) and geraniol (11.5%), whereas those of E. citriodora were citronellal (40%), isopulegol (14.6%) and citronellol (13%). The mean repellent doses after 4 h exposure were 0.021 and 0.084 mL L(-1) for C. citratus and E. citriodora oils respectively-values lower than that observed for the commercial product IR3535 (0.686 mL L(-1)). CONCLUSION These studies showed the composition and repellent activity of essential oils of C. citratus and E. citriodora, suggesting that these are potential candidates as insect repellents.
An AOA estimator for multiple GPS signals using a modified despreader

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the core technologies for the Location Based Service (LBS), and has various applications from the leisure business to the military. LBS requires accurate location information of an object, which GPS estimates using at least four satellites. In order to enhance the GPS signal quality, angle-of-arrival (AOA) information is required, but these are difficult to estimate because the system operates with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and in the presence of high-power interference. In this paper, we explore an extension of a recently proposed GPS AOA estimation technique based on a modified despreader for multiple GPS signals. Since the extended estimator does not require a singular value decomposition (SVD), unlike conventional AOA estimation algorithms such as Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), it has a relatively low computational complexity. Also, this technique does not need to choose the GPS AOAs from all estimated AOAs because those of the interference signals are not estimated. We demonstrate the performance of the GPS AOA estimation algorithm for multiple satellites via a computer simulation example.
Statistically controlled activation weight initialization (SCAWI)

An optimum weight initialization which strongly improves the performance of the back propagation (BP) algorithm is suggested. By statistical analysis, the scale factor, R (which is proportional to the maximum magnitude of the weights), is obtained as a function of the paralyzed neuron percentage (PNP). Also, by computer simulation, the performances on the convergence speed have been related to PNP. An optimum range for R is shown to exist in order to minimize the time needed to reach the minimum of the cost function. Normalization factors are properly defined, which leads to a distribution of the activations independent of the neurons, and to a single nondimensional quantity, R, the value of which can be quickly found by computer simulation.
Key role of PI3Kγ in monocyte chemotactic protein‐1‐mediated amplification of PDGF‐induced aortic smooth muscle cell migration

Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration within the arterial wall is a crucial event in atherogenesis and restenosis. Monocyte chemotactic protein‐1/CC‐chemokine receptor 2 (MCP‐1/CCR2) signalling is involved in SMC migration processes but the molecular mechanisms have not been well characterized. We investigated the role of PI3Kγ in SMC migration induced by MCP‐1.
Effectiveness of a Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen in the Prevention of Melasma in Asian Pregnant Women *

Chloasma, or melasma, is a commonly acquired pigmentary disorder among Asian women. It may be considered as a physiological change during pregnancy. The incidence in Asian women is higher than that in other ethnic groups but further epidemiologic data are needed. There are very few studies related to the benefits of sunscreens to prevent this dermatosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in the prevention of melasma in Korean pregnant women. We tested the effectiveness and tolerance of a sunscreen product (SPF 50+, UVA-PF 30) during a 12-month clinical trial including 220 Korean parturients with skin type III and IV. 217 women completed the study. Only 3 (1%) of the study population developed melasma, which was mild (MASI grade between 1.2 and 2.7). In addition, the clinical effectiveness of the evaluated sunscreen was judged “good to excellent” by the majority of study participants and by the research dermatologists. The “excellent” tolerance of the sunscreen under evaluation was confirmed “good” to “excellent” in 95% and 97% of cases. This study clearly demonstrates that this broad-spectrum sunscreen is well tolerated and effective in the prevention of melasma in Korean pregnant women. Although treatment remains elusive, prevention is possible.
Parallel Architecture for Face Recognition using MPI

The face recognition applications are widely used in different fields like security and computer vision. The recognition process should be done in real time to take fast decisions. Princi-ple Component Analysis (PCA) considered as feature extraction technique and is widely used in facial recognition applications by projecting images in new face space. PCA can reduce the dimensionality of the image. However, PCA consumes a lot of processing time due to its high intensive computation nature. Hence, this paper proposes two different parallel architectures to accelerate training and testing phases of PCA algorithm by exploiting the benefits of distributed memory architecture. The experimental results show that the proposed architectures achieve linear speed-up and system scalability on different data sizes from the Facial Recognition Technology (FERET) database.
A concern-oriented approach to software architecture

A major cause of many complications in the field of software architectures is the lack of appropriate abstractions for separating, combining and encapsulating concerns of various kinds in architectural descriptions. Architectures of most complex software-intensive systems involve concerns that inherently crosscut the natural boundaries of the elements composing the architecture descriptions. Crosscutting concerns intersect the common modularity of systems as prescribed by their architecture descriptions, by traversing both the components and connectors, i.e., the relationships among the components. Crosscutting concerns are critical aspects of many architectural problems. However, architectural descriptions written in special-purpose languages (ADLs) like Wright, Darwin, Rapide and Acme should support descriptions of multiple structures, which include diagrams, models and views, that intentionally address different kinds of concerns. ADLs should show how various concerns affect each other in architectural designs; they should also allow one to identify, analyze and elaborate architectural concerns that cut across several software components, such as transactions, security, load balancing, synchronization, reuse, customization, scalability, etc.; they should, but they do not. This dissertation presents a new approach to software architecture that is suitable for supporting concern-oriented development and documentation of architectures for software-intensive systems. This approach allows for creating and documenting a multidimensional software structure that is referred to as concern-oriented software architecture; it provides new mechanisms for encapsulating individual concerns into independent architectural constructs. The ultimate goal of this new approach is to provide support for achieving design by concerns all through the development and description of software architectures. Moving towards this goal, we present a particular concern-oriented architectural framework called Perspectival Concern-Spaces (PCS). The PCS Framework offers a flexible and extensible means a) for supporting advanced separation of concerns in architectural design, and in the construction and evolution of software-intensive systems; and b) for filling the gap between architectural descriptions and modern software development artifacts. To show the feasibility of the proposed approach, we provide new modeling techniques that are used to describe and apply an aspect-oriented architectural pattern, called the On-demand Remodularization pattern. We give several examples of how the PCS Framework can be used to integrate concern-oriented architectural documentations with mainstream software development artifacts.
Bit-to-symbol mapping in LDPC coded modulation

Various bit-to-symbol mapping schemes are studied in an M-ary modulated system applying low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. By examining different assignment methods of LDPC codeword to two parallel channels with unequal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we find out that it is better to assign systematic bits of LDPC codeword to channels with higher SNR, even for regular LDPC code. Therefore, it is more advantageous to map as many systematic bits in LDPC codeword as possible to more significant bits (MSB) of the signal constellation in a LDPC coded M-ary modulation system. The performance gain achieved by this mapping scheme comes at no extra cost in power, rate and complexity.
Arabic Character Recognition based on Statistical Features - A Comparative Study

This paper presents a comparative study for Arabic optical character recognition techniques according to statistic approach. So, the current work consists in experimenting character image characterization and matching to show the most robust and reliable techniques. For features extraction phase, we test invariant moments, affine moment invariants, Tsirikolias–Mertzios moments, Zernike moments, Fourier-Mellin transform and Fourier descriptors. And for the classification phase, we use k-Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector Machine. Our data collection encloses 3 datasets. The first contains 2320 multi-font and multi-scale printed samples. The second contains 9280 multi-font, multi-scale and multi-oriented printed samples. And, the third contains 2900 handwritten samples which are extracted from the IFN/ENIT data. The aim was to cover a wide spectrum of Arabic characters complexity. The best performance rates found for each dataset are 99.91%, 99.26% and 66.68% respectively.
fear expression in females Persistent prelimbic cortex activity contributes to enhanced learned

References http://learnmem.cshlp. org/content/21/2/55.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 39 articles, 11 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Open Access option. Learning & Memory Freely available online through the License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Commons License (Attribution 3.0 Unported), as described at , is available under a Creative Learning & Memory This article, published in
Monitoramento contínuo de perfis de praia: quantificação da erosão ocasionada por ondas de tempestade e recuperação natural do estoque sedimentar, litoral do Rio de Janeiro

O monitoramento continuo de praias tem como finalidade conhecer a morfodinâmica, analisar a evolucao a curto e medio prazo da linha de costa e ainda detectar eventos anomalos ao clima de ondas, como ressacas excepcionais. O objetivo central desse trabalho foi mostrar a importância do monitoramento continuo de praia para deteccao e analise de impactos ocasionados por ondas de tempestade, bem como quantificar o tempo de recuperacao, de duas praias arenosas, apos uma tempestade excepcional em abril de 2010. As praias do Pero (intermediaria/dissipativa) e Rio das Ostras (refletiva) foram analisadas quanto a variacao volumetrica pre e pos-tempestade. Os resultados apontam que em condicoes morfodinâmicas refletivas, a praia encontra-se mais vulneravel, em decorrencia da ausencia de bancos arenosos. Apesar disso, a recuperacao tende a ocorrer numa maior taxa volumetrica mensal, onde ondas de bom tempo transportam os sedimentos, dos bancos arenosos criados pela tempestade, novamente para a praia.
Villin Function in the Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton

Villin is an actin-binding protein of the intestinal brush border that bundles, nucleates, caps, and severs actin in a Ca2+-dependent manner in vitro. Villin induces the growth of microvilli in transfected cells, an activity that requires a carboxyl-terminally located KKEK motif. By combining cell transfection and biochemical assays, we show that the capacity of villin to induce growth of microvilli in cells correlates with its ability to bundle F-actin in vitro but not with its nucleating activity. In agreement with its importance for microfilament bundling in cells, the KKEK motif of the carboxyl-terminal F-actin-binding site is crucial for bundling in vitro. In addition, substitutions of basic residues in a second site, located in the amino-terminal portion of villin, impaired its activity in cells and reduced its binding to F-actin in the absence of Ca2+ as well as its bundling and severing activitiesin vitro. Altogether, these findings suggest that villin participates in the organization and stabilization of the brush border core bundle but does not initiate its assembly by nucleation of actin filaments.
Characterization of the percepts evoked by discontinuous motion over the perioral skin.

The capacity of human subjects to process information about discontinuous and continuous movement was evaluated. Constant-velocity brushing stimuli were delivered through aperture plates that rested lightly upon the mandibular skin. Each plate consisted of either two spatially separated, slit-like openings or a single continuous, longer opening. It was discovered that percepts of smooth apparent motion were achieved with the split apertures (i.e., from discontinuous movement) for only limited ranges of stimulus velocity. Moreover, the optimal velocity supporting smooth apparent motion increased with the separation between the slit-like openings. In a second series of experiments, subjects' ability to discriminate opposing directions of discontinuous and continuous movement was evaluated. It was found that subjects could derive directional information from percepts elicited by discontinuous movement. However, the capacity to discriminate opposing directions of continuous movement cannot be explained solely in terms of the ability to process information about the change in position of a stimulus from its onset to its offset.