Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The implementation of a bowel management protocol in an adult intensive care unit.

AIM A study to explore the impact of implementing a bowel management protocol in a tertiary referral intensive care unit (ICU) in the West of Scotland. METHODS A three phase study was implemented. Phase 1 - a baseline audit reviewing 26 patients' medical notes and a baseline focus group reviewing the multidisciplinary team's (MDT's) opinions with regard to bowel care management in the ICU. Phase 2 - the implementation of a protocol, updated bowel care chart and education sessions for members of the MDT. Phase 3 - an end of study audit reviewing 27 patients' notes after the implementation of phase 2. Additionally, a further focus group examined the MDT's experiences of the protocol in clinical practice. RESULTS AND FINDINGS During the phase 1 data collection period, it was evident that there was a haphazard approach to bowel care in the ICU, resulting in poor bowel care documentation and a high incidence of constipation and diarrhoea days. After the interventions of phase 2, bowel care documentation days increased by 13% (p = 0.0003), constipation incidence decreased by 20.7% (p = 0.13) and diarrhoea days reduced by 15.2% (p = 0.18). CONCLUSION Although further evaluation is planned, the protocol implemented in this particular study appears to be a useful tool for the delivery of bowel care in the ICU. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Ensuring appropriate and timely bowel care in the ICU has major implications for the critically ill patients.
Researches on the new system of aids to navigation

A new system of aids to navigation integrated application of modern information technology, computer network technology, is an important component of E-Navigation strategy proposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). In this article, we research from the aids to navigation information dynamic monitoring, transmission, processing, and display, until on AIS and WEB-ECDIS information released by the new system of aids to navigation. Through the internet, users can easily and promptly browse, query and access to AIS and aids to navigation information. At the same time manager can use the platform to broadcast AIS safety information and AtoN dynamic information from AIS base station.
A Study to Assess Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Hand Hygiene amongst Residents and Nursing Staff in a Tertiary Health Care Setting of Bhopal City.

BACKGROUND Infection due to hospital-acquired microbes is an evolving problem worldwide, and horizontal transmission of bacterial organism continues to cause a high nosocomial infection rate in health care settings. Most nosocomial infections are thought to be transmitted by the hands of health care workers.The application of hand hygiene is effective in reducing infection rates. OBJECTIVES To assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene practices amongst the health care professionals and to identify areas of gaps in their knowledge and attitude. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study. RESULT A total 160 respondents were studied about their knowledge and attitude towards hand hygiene practices and significant difference with a p-value of 0.0025 was observed regarding most frequent source of germs responsible for health care associated infections among resident and nurses. A significant difference with p-value of 0.0001 & 0.04 was observed in colonization due to jewellery and artificial nail among the study groups. The attitude regarding correct hand hygiene practices to be followed at all times was found to be better among nurses (62.5%) as compared to residents (21.3%) which was found to be highly significant with p-value <0.001. CONCLUSION Present study highlights the need of repeated training sessions regarding hand hygiene practices among the health care workers to provide the current knowledge in the area with a behavioral change in attitudes and practices leading to reduction of nosocomial infections.
Organ donation after fatal poisoning.

Sir, We were particularly interested by the commentary published by Jones et al. about organ donation after fatal poisoning.1 We share the authors' opinion that poisoned donors are a neglected source of organ procurement. Since the time of our first review, we extended our experience, and we have now a series of 21 poisoned donors corresponding to more than 60 grafts transplanted.2 The results remain excellent and no death can be related to a toxic origin. Organ donation after poisoning is difficult for several reasons. The medico-legal issue should not be a problem. It is possible to obtain an accurate diagnosis of brain death even in …
Tissue-Specific, Tumor-Selective, Replication-Competent Adenovirus Vector for Cancer Gene Therapy

ABSTRACT We have previously described two replication-competent adenovirus vectors, named KD1 and KD3, for potential use in cancer gene therapy. KD1 and KD3 have two small deletions in the E1A gene that restrict efficient replication of these vectors to human cancer cell lines. These vectors also have increased capacity to lyse cells and spread from cell to cell because they overexpress the adenovirus death protein, an adenovirus protein required for efficient cell lysis and release of adenovirus from the cell. We now describe a new vector, named KD1-SPB, which is the KD1 vector with the E4 promoter replaced by the promoter for surfactant protein B (SPB). SPB promoter activity is restricted in the adult to type II alveolar epithelial cells and bronchial epithelial cells. Because KD1-SPB has the E1A mutations, it should replicate within and destroy only alveolar and bronchial cancer cells. We show that KD1-SPB replicates, lyses cells, and spreads from cell to cell as well as does KD1 in H441 cells, a human cancer cell line where the SPB promoter is active. KD1-SPB replicates, lyses cells, and spreads only poorly in Hep3B liver cancer cells. Replication was determined by expression of the E4ORF3 protein, viral DNA accumulation, fiber synthesis, and virus yield. Cell lysis and vector spread were measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and a “vector spread” assay. In addition to Hep3B cells, KD1-SPB also did not express E4ORF3 in HT29.14S (colon), HeLa (cervix), KB (nasopharynx), or LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, in which the SPB promoter is not expected to be active. Following injection into H441 or Hep3B tumors growing in nude mice, KD1-SPB caused a three- to fourfold suppression of growth of H441 tumors, similar to that seen with KD1. KD1-SPB had only a minimal effect on the growth of Hep3B tumors, whereas KD1 again caused a three- to fourfold suppression. These results establish that the adenovirus E4 promoter can be replaced by a tissue-specific promoter in a replication-competent vector. The vector has three engineered safety features: the tissue-specific promoter, the mutations in E1A that preclude efficient replication in nondividing cells, and a deletion of the E3 genes which shield the virus from attack by the immune system. KD1-SPB may have use in treating human lung cancers in which the SPB promoter is active.
Liver transplantation and vascular tumours

Based on analysis of the literature and of the audited ELITA (European Liver Intestinal Transplant Association)–ELTR (European Liver Transplant Registry) data, the place of liver transplantation (LT) in the treatment of vascular tumours is discussed. Hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma has currently become a good indication for LT with 5‐ and 10‐year post‐LT patient survival rates of 83% and 74% respectively and 5‐ and 10‐year recurrence‐free survival rates of 82% and 64% respectively. In contrast, the results of LT for haemangiosarcoma (HAS) are disastrous with an universal tumour recurrence within 6 months and no single patient survival after 2 years. Therefore, HAS remains an absolute contraindication to LT. The value of LT in the treatment of infantile haemangioendothelioma is more difficult to evaluate because of the very reduced number of reported cases and because of the often difficult differential diagnosis with angiosarcoma. LT should be reserved to those children not responding to medical treatment on the condition that sarcomatous modifications are excluded by expert pathologists to avoid a futile transplant procedure.
Chemicals tested as space repelents against yellow-fever mosquitoes. I. Esters.

A total of 242 esters were tested for effectiveness as space repellents by applying them to netting with openings large enough to allow yellow-fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.). to pass through, and determining the number of days the netting prevented passage of more than 10% of the mosquitoes to a human arm. The 5 compounds that were effective more than 100 days were: dipentyl, diisopentyl, and bis (1-methylbutyl) malate, hexyl p -isopropylmandelate, and bis (2-ethylhexyl) fumarate. Esters with a hydroxyl group appeared to be more effective than those without this group.
Breast cancer precursors revisited: molecular features and progression pathways

Lopez‐Garcia M A, Geyer F C, Lacroix‐Triki M, Marchió C & Reis‐Filho J S (2010) Histopathology 57, 171–192 Breast cancer precursors revisited: molecular features and progression pathways
A prospective study of mitochondrial DNA copy number and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is increased in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), in Burkitt lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines, and in T cells activated via the T-cell receptor. We hypothesized that having a higher mtDNA copy number in peripheral white blood cell DNA from healthy subjects would be associated with future risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We analyzed mtDNA copy number in 104 incident male NHL cases and 104 matched controls within the prospective Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention cohort. There was a dose-response relationship between tertiles of mtDNA copy number and risk of NHL (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0; 1.4 [0.7-2.8]; and 2.4 [1.0-5.5], respectively; P(trend) = . 046). The effect was most pronounced for the CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) subtype (OR: 1.0; 3.2 [0.7-15.7]; 14.1 [1.9-103.2]; P(trend) = . 009). These results suggest that mtDNA copy number could be associated with the risk of NHL, particularly CLL/SLL.
Metastatic cancer cells from c-erbB-2 negative primary breast cancer maintain the original c-erbB-2/HIF1α phenotype

The expression of c-erbB-2 and HIF1α proteins is linked with an aggressive tumor phenotype and poor survival in breast cancer. In the present study we investigated whether this ominous effect is a result of c-erbB-2/HIF1α expressing clone appearance within the primary tumor, by examining the c-erbB-2/HIF1α expression status in the primary tumor, node metastasis and cancer cells invading into the lymphovascular spaces. The metastasizing cancer cell clones, whether migrating to the lymph nodes or entering into the systemic circulation maintained the original c-erbB-2/HIF1α phenotype of the primary tumor. Migrating c-erbB-2/HIF1α negative tumors do so through activation of alternative biologic pathways and not through positive clone appearance. These results strongly support the concept that targeted therapies against c-erbB-2 or against HIF1α can be guided with precision by the primary tumor c-erbB-2/HIF1α status without demanding the detection of the metastatic tumor phenotype.
Integrating readability index into Twitter search engine

Introduction According to Marnell (2008), there are two levels of meanings for readability: one is concerned with document layout such as line length or font type; the other is concerned with comprehensibility or understandability of written texts. It is defined as ‘the degree to which a given class of people find certain reading matter compelling and comprehensible’ by McLaughlin (1969), who developed the famous readability Simple Measure of Gobbledygook formula.
Polymerization of actin and actin-like systems: evaluation of the time course of polymerization in relation to the mechanism.

The time course of protein polymerization of the nucleation--elongation type is examined by using a general computer-simulation solution. For a simple nucleation--elongation scheme, it is shown that the half-time of polymerization is not necessarily a good measure of the nucleus size as has been previously suggested [Oosawa, F. , & Kasai, M. (1962) J. Mol. Biol. 4, 10-21] since, depending on the mechanism, the apparent nucleus size, measured by a ratio of half-times at two actin concentrations, may be either larger or smaller than the real size. Steady-state equations developed by Wegner and Engel [Wegner, A. , & Engel, J. (1975) Biophys. Chem. 3, 215-225] present a good description of the time course of polymerization although they are somewhat inflexible with regard to allowing for different mechanisms. Some of the assumptions implicit in the development of these equations are discussed in terms of the effect of changing individual rate constants or dissociation constants on the time course of polymerization. In addition, these steady-state equations have been expanded to include the consequences of a reversible first-order conformational change prior to polymerization. It is shown that a conformational change as a prerequisite to polymerization lengthens the lag time of polymerization and, depending on the conditions, may slow the rate of polymerization. The question of fragmentation and of reannealling is examined, and it is noted that simple relationships to describe these processes may not be possible. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Innovation competence building of China’s high-tech SMEs based on TIM: Two case studies

This paper discussed Chinese SMEspsila innovation competence based on total innovation management (TIM). We chose 2 high- tech SMEs as initial evidence to demonstrate our TIM model. It is believed that innovation is a process so that SMEs should improve their innovation competence in follow six dimensions to obtain excellent performance: 1) strategic innovation, 2) technologic innovation; 3) marketing innovation; 4) cultural innovation; 5) organizational innovation and 6) mechanism innovation. And these dimensions should be managed coordinately in order to improve firmpsilas TIM competence. We also put forward some suggestions to SMEs in every dimension.
Various checkpoints prevent the synthesis of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan hydrolase LytM in the stationary growth phase

ABSTRACT In Staphylococcus aureus, peptidoglycan metabolism plays a role in the host inflammatory response and pathogenesis. Transcription of the peptidoglycan hydrolases is activated by the essential 2-component system WalKR at low cell density. During stationary growth phase, WalKR is not active and transcription of the peptidoglycan hydrolase genes is repressed. In this work, we studied regulation of expression of the glycylglycine endopeptidase LytM. We show that, in addition to the transcriptional regulation mediated by WalKR, the synthesis of LytM is negatively controlled by a unique mechanism at the stationary growth phase. We have identified 2 different mRNAs encoding lytM, which vary in the length of their 5′ untranslated (5′UTR) regions. LytM is predominantly produced from the WalKR-regulated mRNA transcript carrying a short 5′UTR. The lytM mRNA is also transcribed as part of a polycistronic operon with the upstream SA0264 gene and is constitutively expressed. Although SA0264 protein can be synthesized from the longer operon transcript, lytM cannot be translated because its ribosome-binding site is sequestered into a translationally inactive secondary structure. In addition, the effector of the agr system, RNAIII, can inhibit translation of lytM present on the operon without altering the transcript level but does not have an effect on the translation of the upstream gene. We propose that this dual regulation of lytM expression, at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, contributes to prevent cell wall damage during the stationary phase of growth.
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Assessing adequacy of WPEC From the one sample t-test on DWPEC, we estimated that 52% of the probesets were either flat or had reasonably monotonic trajectories throughout hour 0 to 250. Supp. Fig. 5 plots the within-patient trajectories (gray lines) for a nonsignificant (i.e., zero mean DWPEC) and a significant probeset. The population average trajectory estimated from loess smoothing (black lines) and the population average linear trajectory (red lines) are also shown. For the significant probeset, after excluding expression <12 hours, the average trajectory seemed reasonably monotonic. Supp. Fig. 6 shows the MSDs of the 5000 most non-significant (ns) and significant (sig) probesets as we progressively exclude the early hours. At the cut-off of hour 12, the MSD drops considerably and we are still able to retain 126 patients with at least 3 time points between hour 12 to 250 for our final analysis.
harrow: new Drosophila hAT transposons involved in horizontal transfer

In this study we characterize the transposable elements harrow, which belong to the hAT superfamily of DNA transposons. Searches for harrow sequences were performed in 65 Drosophilidae species, mainly representing Neotropical and cosmopolitan groups from the genus Drosophila. The nucleotide divergence among elements found in these species suggests that harrow sequences could be clustered in a subfamily. The patchy distribution throughout the genus Drosophila and the high similarity presented between all harrow sequences indicate that horizontal transfer could play a major role in the evolution of harrow elements. The results obtained suggest an evolutionary scenario in which harrow would have undergone multiple horizontal transfer events in the Neotropics, involving D. tripuncatata, D. mojavensis (Subgenus Drosophila) and several species of the willistoni and saltans groups (subgenus Sophophora).
An optimized algorithm for computing the modified discrete cosine transform and its inverse transform

This paper presents an optimized algorithm for the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and its inverse transform (IMDCT) computation in MPEG audio. The proposed algorithm is based on the DCT of type II (DCT-II). By extracting a common kernel form from the MDCT and IMDCT, we can obtain an optimized computation of the MDCT and the IMDCT using a unified structure. Also, our proposed structure is more symmetrical and simple than those of the existing researches. Proposed algorithm is, moreover, very useful in implementing the parallel VLSI system structure of the MDCT and IMDCT.
DNA Binding of the Cell Cycle Transcriptional Regulator GcrA Depends on N6-Adenosine Methylation in Caulobacter crescentus and Other Alphaproteobacteria

Several regulators are involved in the control of cell cycle progression in the bacterial model system Caulobacter crescentus, which divides asymmetrically into a vegetative G1-phase (swarmer) cell and a replicative S-phase (stalked) cell. Here we report a novel functional interaction between the enigmatic cell cycle regulator GcrA and the N6-adenosine methyltransferase CcrM, both highly conserved proteins among Alphaproteobacteria, that are activated early and at the end of S-phase, respectively. As no direct biochemical and regulatory relationship between GcrA and CcrM were known, we used a combination of ChIP (chromatin-immunoprecipitation), biochemical and biophysical experimentation, and genetics to show that GcrA is a dimeric DNA–binding protein that preferentially targets promoters harbouring CcrM methylation sites. After tracing CcrM-dependent N6-methyl-adenosine promoter marks at a genome-wide scale, we show that these marks recruit GcrA in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that, in the presence of a methylated target, GcrA recruits the RNA polymerase to the promoter, consistent with its role in transcriptional activation. Since methylation-dependent DNA binding is also observed with GcrA orthologs from other Alphaproteobacteria, we conclude that GcrA is the founding member of a new and conserved class of transcriptional regulators that function as molecular effectors of a methylation-dependent (non-heritable) epigenetic switch that regulates gene expression during the cell cycle.
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia as a Result of Left Frontal Cortical-Subcortical Infarction

She was reportedly studying Spanish as a second language. A full neurological workup and a detailed speech-language assessment were conducted. Neurological examination revealed a conscious alert lady with intact power in all 4 extremities, grade 5/5 (Medical Research Council grade) and down going plantars. There were no sensory deficits, and cortical sensations were intact. Visual fields could not be assessed reliably on account of the patient’s auditory comprehension deficits. Detailed language testing was carried out by a certified speech pathologist on day 3 of stroke. As a part of formal language testing with standardized aphasia batteries, 7 language tasks were administered during testing to assess for spontaneous speech, repetition, auditory comprehension, naming, word and paragraph reading and syllable discrimination. Language assessment revealed fluent verbal output in the presence of impaired auditory comprehension and intact repetition. Spontaneous speech was fluent and effortless. Auditory comprehension was impaired, and the patient had significant difficulty with single-step commands like ‘touch your nose’ or ‘close your eyes’. ReDear Sir, Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA) typically localizes to the left parieto-occipital cortex and usually is due to an infarct in the inferior division of the left middle cerebral artery. We present here a case of a 75-year-old right-handed woman admitted to our hospital with acute onset of speech and language disturbance. When assessed, her spontaneous speech was fluent, and she had no difficulty in speech initiation and in her ability to repeat short sentences (6–7 words). She did have severe difficulty in visual recognition and aural comprehension of words and in her ability to name objects. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging showed a left frontal cortical-subcortical infarct. The anatomical correlate of TSA is also discussed.
Zero-crossing detection of distorted line voltages using 1-b measurements

In thyristor power converters, zero crossings of the line voltage signal are used for the synchronization of thyristor gating pulses. In weak ac systems, however, the line voltage can be distorted, and faulty zero crossings occur. In addition, in isolated power transmission networks, the line frequency can alter. For the detection of true zero crossings in such cases, we describe a neural network (NN), which utilizes the measurements of the three line voltage components in a three-phase power delivery system. The line voltages are measured with comparators, thus enabling low-cost implementation. The NN structure is extended by using a logic circuit, which produces the time elapsed from the previously detected zero-crossing instant as a feedback signal for the network. Thus, the knowledge that the true zero crossings occur at regular intervals in practical power delivery systems is utilized. The simulation results show that the proposed NN provides competitive performance.