Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic Determinants of Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospitalization Risks in Florida

Background Identifying social determinants of myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalizations is crucial for reducing/eliminating health disparities. Therefore, our objectives were to identify sociodemographic determinants of MI hospitalization risks and to assess if the impacts of these determinants vary by geographic location in Florida. Methods and Results This is a retrospective ecologic study at the county level. We obtained data for principal and secondary MI hospitalizations for Florida residents for the 2005–2014 period and calculated age‐ and sex‐adjusted MI hospitalization risks. We used a multivariable negative binomial model to identify sociodemographic determinants of MI hospitalization risks and a geographically weighted negative binomial model to assess if the strength of associations vary by location. There were 645 935 MI hospitalizations (median age, 72 years; 58.1%, men; 73.9%, white). Age‐ and sex‐adjusted risks ranged from 18.49 to 69.48 cases/10 000 persons, and they were significantly higher in counties with low education levels (risk ratio [RR]=1.033, P<0.0001) and high divorce rate (RR, 0.995; P=0.018). However, they were significantly lower in counties with high proportions of rural (RR, 0.996; P<0.0001), black (RR, 1.026; P=0.032), and uninsured populations (RR, 0.983; P=0.040). Associations of MI hospitalization risks with education level and uninsured rate varied geographically (P for non‐stationarity test=0.001 and 0.043, respectively), with strongest associations in southern Florida (RR for <high school education, 1.036–1.041; RR for uninsured rate, 0.971–0.976). Conclusions Black race, divorce, rural residence, low education level, and lack of health insurance were significant determinants of MI hospitalization risks, but associations with the latter 2 were stronger in southern Florida. Thus, interventions for addressing MI hospitalization risks need to prioritize these populations and allocate resources based on empirical evidence from global and local models for maximum efficiency and effectiveness.
Late Onset Upper Eyelid and Brow Edema as a Long-Term Complication of Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection.

BACKGROUND Late onset upper eyelid edema is an uncommonly recognized complication of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based filler injection to the supraorbital area. OBJECTIVES To report our experience in diagnosing and managing late onset upper eyelid edema. METHODS Non-comparative, retrospective study of a series of 17 consecutive patients who presented with upper eyelid edema 6-24 months after uneventful HA filler injection in the supraorbital area. RESULTS The study group included 17 female patients. The average time of presentation was 13.9 months. Thirteen patients (76.4%) were satisfied after HYAL and requested no further treatment (observation only); Four patients (23.5%) elected to undergo HA filler re-treatment, with satisfactory results. All patients were followed for at least 6 months after the retreatment. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of late onset upper eyelid edema is likely to increase since the number of patients undergoing HA filler injection to the supraorbital area increases. Our study emphasizes the importance of recognizing this condition and suggests a suitable noninvasive treatment with satisfying results for both the patient and the physician.
Hypersensitive cell death in plants : its mechanisms and role in plant defense against pathogens

This review is a recent update in the understanding of the hypersensitive response (HR) of plants with special consideration to the physiological and biochemical determinants in different model systems. Hypersensitive response is reviewed as a form of programmed cell death (PCD) representing one of the mechanisms of plant defence against diseases. Major signalling pathways and molecules that accompany the HR, such as proteolytic cascades, oxidative events and ethylene that are supposed to play a key role in the plant? s cell death machinery are discussed. Special attention is paid to the HR in fruit species. Studies on plant PCD are shown to provide a clue to better understanding disease resistance processes in plants and to establish the evolutionary aspects of PCD similarities through animal and plant kingdoms.
Male and female song structure and singing behaviour in the duetting eastern whipbird, Psophodes olivaceus

In many tropical bird species, partners combine their songs to form precise duets, of which the function is imperfectly understood. Duet structure and sex differences in vocal strategies may be important indicators of different selective pressures that have led to the evolution and maintenance of these complex acoustic displays. This study examines the singing behaviour of a population of the eastern whipbird, a bird that forms antiphonal duets initiated exclusively by the male. In all, 7% of duets recorded were between a paired female and a male other than her social partner. Males sang more often than females, their songs were longer and moved through a wider frequency range, and they had a larger song repertoire. Females sang two types of song: response songs, used primarily in a duet context, and structurally distinct solo songs, typically used during interactions with other females. Eastern whipbirds lacked unique song types among the repertoires of individual males and females. Males and females combined songs non-randomly to produce specific duets that were shared across the population. Results suggested that song and duet type matching might play an important role in intrasex interactions, such as defence of a territory, or a partner, from same-sex intruders.
Differential Response of Tomato Plants to the Application of Three Trichoderma Species When Evaluating the Control of Pseudomonas syringae Populations

Trichoderma species are well known biocontrol agents that are able to induce responses in the host plants against an array of abiotic and biotic stresses. Here, we investigate, when applied to tomato seeds, the potential of Trichoderma strains belonging to three different species, T. parareesei T6, T. asperellum T25, and T. harzianum T34, to control the fully pathogenic strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, able to produce the coronatine (COR) toxin, and the COR-deficient strain Pst DC3118 in tomato plants, and the molecular mechanisms by which the plant can modulate its systemic defense. Four-week old tomato plants, seed-inoculated, or not, with a Trichoderma strain, were infected, or not, with a Pst strain, and the changes in the expression of nine marker genes representative of salicylic acid (SA) (ICS1 and PAL5) and jasmonic acid (JA) (TomLoxC) biosynthesis, SA- (PR1b1), JA- (PINII and MYC2) and JA/Ethylene (ET)-dependent (ERF-A2) defense pathways, as well as the abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive gene AREB2 and the respiratory burst oxidase gene LERBOH1, were analyzed at 72 hours post-inoculation (hpi) with the bacteria. The significant increase obtained for bacterial population sizes in the leaves, disease index, and the upregulation of tomato genes related to SA, JA, ET and ABA in plants inoculated with Pst DC3000 compared with those obtained with Pst DC3118, confirmed the COR role as a virulence factor, and showed that both Pst and COR synergistically activate the JA- and SA-signaling defense responses, at least at 72 hpi. The three Trichoderma strains tested reduced the DC3118 levels to different extents and were able to control disease symptoms at the same rate. However, a minor protection (9.4%) against DC3000 was only achieved with T. asperellum T25. The gene deregulation detected in Trichoderma-treated plus Pst-inoculated tomato plants illustrates the complex system of a phytohormone-mediated signaling network that is affected by the pathogen and Trichoderma applications but also by their interaction. The expression changes for all nine genes analyzed, excepting LERBOH1, as well as the bacterial populations in the leaves were significantly affected by the interaction. Our results show that Trichoderma spp. are not adequate to control the disease caused by fully pathogenic Pst strains in tomato plants.
Porphyrin-Amino Acid Conjugates.

The presence of amino acid chain attached to meso-position was expected to form differently π-conjugated structure with adjustable optical properties. An efficient way for formation of a direct bond between tetraphyrin(1.1.1.1) and amino acid through a main chain nitrogen has been optimized and applied in the synthesis of a library of chromophore-amino acid conjugates with slightly modified optical properties. The obtained series of hybrid materials shows an optic response characteristic for meso-nitrogen derivatized porphyrinoids. The oxidation with hypervalent iodine shows a regiospecific transformation of aminoacid chain changing the character of final molecule.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers to Mediate Brain Delivery of Temazepam: Design and In Vivo Study

The opposing effect of the blood–brain barrier against the delivery of most drugs warrants the need for an efficient brain targeted drug delivery system for the successful management of neurological disorders. Temazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have shown possibilities for enhancing bioavailability and brain targeting affinity after oral administration. This study aimed to investigate these properties for insomnia treatment. Temazepam-NLCs were prepared by the solvent injection method and optimized using a 42 full factorial design. The optimum formulation (NLC-1) consisted of; Compritol® 888 ATO (75 mg), oleic acid (25 mg), and Poloxamer® 407 (0.3 g), with an entrapment efficiency of 75.2 ± 0.1%. The average size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were determined to be 306.6 ± 49.6 nm, −10.2 ± 0.3 mV, and 0.09 ± 0.10, respectively. Moreover, an in vitro release study showed that the optimized temazepam NLC-1 formulation had a sustained release profile. Scintigraphy images showed evident improvement in brain uptake for the oral 99mTc-temazepam NLC-1 formulation versus the 99mTc-temazepam suspension. Pharmacokinetic data revealed a significant increase in the relative bioavailability of 99mTc-temazepam NLC-1 formulation (292.7%), compared to that of oral 99mTc-temazepam suspension. Besides, the NLC formulation exhibited a distinct targeting affinity to rat brain. In conclusion, our results indicate that the developed temazepam NLC formulation can be considered as a potential nanocarrier for brain-mediated drug delivery in the out-patient management of insomnia.
Review

In A History of Women Cartoonists, originally published in 2014 as Femmes et Humour, Mira Falardeau counters the question, “why are there so few women cartoonists? ” (p. 22), by paying tribute to the legacies of fifty women cartoonists and animators from the United States, Canada, Francophone Europe (France, Belgium, and Switzerland), and the Middle East and Maghreb. In so doing, this work demonstrates the breadth of contributions and achievements women cartoonists made in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, revealing how and why visual humour and second-wave feminism are key to their creative expression and work. Although the book does not specifically include webcomics, Japanese manga, and women mangaka, Falardeau’s historical survey does acknowledge the artistic and creative influences manga has had on younger women cartoonists in the West. Organized according to their respective countries of origin, each set of profiled cartoonists is prefaced with a historical overview that contextualizes the cultural, social, and political context within which these women were situated and engaged with through their work. The fifty women profiled were chosen because, “they are the most iconic by the extent of their work, the recognition associated with it, the originality of style and the strength of their work” (p. 23). In making this determination, Falardeau draws extensively from databases and award organization records, cartoonist associations and societies, and artists collectives such as the American National Cartoonists Society (NCS), the Canadian Association of Editorial Cartoonists (CELA), and the Oscars. American cartoonists profiled include: Trina Robbins, Liza Donnelly, and Lynda Barry. Canadian cartoonists and animators profiled include both Anglophone and Francophone women: Caroline Leaf, Lynn Johnston, Kate Beaton, and Julie Doucet. Some of the women cartoonists and animators profiled from Francophone Europe are Nicole Van Goethem, Chantal Montellier, and Pénélope Bagieu. And lastly, some of the women cartoonists profiled in the chapter on the Middle East and Maghreb include Marjane Satrapi, Riham El-Hour, and Zeina Abirached. Each profile highlights the critical success of the cartoonist, the themes of their works, their artistic style, and their
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF KARANJA (PONGAMIA PINNATA) OIL BY SOLID BASIC CATALYSTS

The transesterification of karanja oil with methanol was carried out using solid basic catalysts. Alkali metal-impregnated calcium oxide catalysts, due to their strong basicity, catalyze the transesterification of triacylglycerols. The alkali metal (Li, Na, K)-doped calcium oxide catalysts were prepared and used for the transesterification of karanja oil containing 0.48-5.75% of free fatty acids (FFA). The reaction conditions, such as catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and molar ratio of methanol/oil, were optimized with the solid basic Li/CaO catalyst. This catalyst, at a concentration of 2 wt-%, resulted in 94.9 wt-% of methyl esters in 8 h at a reaction temperature of 65 °C and a 12 : 1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, during methanolysis of karanja oil having 1.45% FFA. The yield of methyl esters decreased from 94.9 to 90.3 wt-% when the FFA content of karanja oil was increased from 0.48 to 5.75%. The performance of this catalyst was not significantly affected in the presence of a high FFA content up to 5.75%. The catalytic activities of Na/CaO and K/CaO were also studied at the optimized reaction conditions. In these two cases, the reaction initially proceeds slowly, however, leading to similar yields as in the case of Li/CaO after 8 h of reaction time. The purified karanja methyl esters have an acid value of 0.36 mg KOH/g and an ester content of 98.6 wt-%, which satisfy the American as well as the European specifications for biodiesel in terms of acid value and ester content.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MODULAR CASCADED H-BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR MPPT BASED PV CONNECTED GRID APPLICATIONS

Abstract— this paper reports a modular cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic (PV) inverter for singleor three-phase gridconnected applications. The efficiency, flexibility and stability of the system has been increased and improved by the modular cascaded multilevel technique. The MPPT technique is used for both single and three phase multilevel inverters to essence extreme power energy from the PV segments, this MPPT technique is helpful for an individual control of each dc-link voltage. Due to the unbalanced power supply to the PV cells may lead to unbalanced grid current for three phase grid coupled applications. To overcome this problem in the three phase grid tied applications modulation compensation control technique is proposed . By using nine h-bridge modules, we can built a three phase seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter (three modules per phase). 185-W solar panel is tied to each h-bridge module. Simulation results are presented.
STUDIES IN THE HIPPOCASTANACEAE II. INFLORESCENCE STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PERFECT FLOWERS

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Effect of cellular instabilities on the blast initiation of weakly unstable detonations

Detailed experiments and numerical simulations of the detonation wave structure revealed two main classes of detonation waves. For weakly unstable cellular detonations, the structure can be modeled and studied by solving the reacting inviscid Euler equations for compressible flow, while for highly unstable detonations, transport phenomena appear to play a more significant role. Weakly unstable detonations are now amenable to detailed direct numerical simulation (DNS). In the present paper, we are interested in determining how the presence of a cellular structure affects the initiation and propagation mechanism of weakly unstable detonation waves. To address this question, we are performing DNS of direct (or blast) initiation by solving the unsteady reactive Euler equations in one and two space dimensions. We first perform one-dimensional simulations in order to determine the critical energy required to initiate a one-dimensional wave devoid of cellular instabilities. In the two-dimensional simulations, we add perturbations in the shape or in the distribution of the energy source in order to trigger a cellular structure on the front of the decaying reactive blast wave. We then compare the critical source energies required for the establishment of a 1D and 2D self-sustained cellular detonations. Such computations have also a direct bearing on experiments aimed at measuring the critical initiation energies of detonations, as it is well known that a fine cellular structure is established on the blast wave surface originating from high explosives, when the front is still highly overdriven.
Refuges from Fish Predation: Experiments with Phytal Meiofauna from the New Zealand Rocky Intertidal

Phytal meiofauna are numerically important members of rocky intertidal communities and known to be prey items for various small fishes. In a series of experiments we demonstrated that substrate complexity is an important factor in reducing predation. The alga Carollina officinalis, the most complex structure used, was the only refuge from blenny (Helcogramma medium) predation for total meiofauna, and the dominant taxon, copepods. This refuge effect was evident whether the prey fauna were originally from Corallina or from another alga. One harpacticoid copepod species (Amphiascus lobatus) was selectively preyed upon, with females preferentially taken over males. Our results and those from the literature suggest that fish predation on benthic invertebrates may not be linearly related to decreasing substrate complexity. Rather there appears to be a complexity threshold below which removal rate is not significantly affected by structure and above which removal rate is significantly reduced. See full-text arti.
Nicholas (Nick) G. Martin and the Extended Twin Model

Abstract The extended twin model is a unique design in the genetic epidemiology toolbox that allows to simultaneously estimate multiple causes of variation such as genetic and cultural transmission, genotype–environment covariance and assortative mating, among others. Nick Martin has played a key role in the conception of the model, the collection of substantially large data sets to test the model, the application of the model to a range of phenotypes, the publication of the results including cross-cultural comparisons, the evaluation of bias and power of the design and the further elaborations of the model, such as the children-of-twins design.
Interaction with single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein localizes ribonuclease HI to DNA replication forks and facilitates R‐loop removal

DNA replication complexes (replisomes) routinely encounter proteins and unusual nucleic acid structures that can impede their progress. Barriers can include transcription complexes and R‐loops that form when RNA hybridizes with complementary DNA templates behind RNA polymerases. Cells encode several RNA polymerase and R‐loop clearance mechanisms to limit replisome exposure to these potential obstructions. One such mechanism is hydrolysis of R‐loops by ribonuclease HI (RNase HI). Here, we examine the cellular role of the interaction between Escherichia coli RNase HI and the single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein (SSB) in this process. Interaction with SSB localizes RNase HI foci to DNA replication sites. Mutation of rnhA to encode an RNase HI variant that cannot interact with SSB but that maintains enzymatic activity (rnhAK60E) eliminates RNase HI foci. The mutation also produces a media‐dependent slow‐growth phenotype and an activated DNA damage response in cells lacking Rep helicase, which is an enzyme that disrupts stalled transcription complexes. RNA polymerase variants that are thought to increase or decrease R‐loop accumulation enhance or suppress, respectively, the growth phenotype of rnhAK60E rep::kan strains. These results identify a cellular role for the RNase HI/SSB interaction in helping to clear R‐loops that block DNA replication.
A Serious Game Approach to Improve Food Behavior in Families—A Pilot Study

The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a specially developed serious game to improve food behavior in families with children aged 5–13 years using mixed methods. Fourteen families were randomized into a game-group and a non-game-group and divided into age groups (game-children (GC), game-parents (GP), non-game-children (nGC), and non-game-parents (nGP)). The families completed a baseline test, a three-week intervention period with or without a game element, and a follow-up test. Qualitative results showed a positive change in food behavior in all families. Quantitative results mainly showed an effect in food neophobia as a decrease was seen in all groups; however, it was only significant (p < 0.05) in three groups (GP, nGC, nGP). No changes were seen in willingness to taste, and only limited changes in liking and number of words used to describe the stimuli. In conclusion, qualitative results showed positive change in the children’s food behavior in most families, indicating a positive effect of performing tastings and tasks together as a family—regardless of the presence of a game element. However, this was not as clear in the quantitative data, indicating that current quantitative tools are less suited to measure complex concepts like willingness to taste.
New Protein Pmn34 with an Exonuclease Motif Localizes in the Mitochondrial Nucleoid Periphery of Physarum polycephalum

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly organized into a compact structure, the mitochondrial nucleoid (mt-nucleoid). To facilitate our understanding of the regulation of mtDNA genetic activity within the mt-nucleoid structure, we have identified a novel mt-nucleoid protein Pmn34 (Physarum polycephalum mitochondrial nucleoid protein 34), having a molecular weight of 34 kDa, from pure mt-nucleoids isolated from the true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum. The Pmn34 protein is composed of 326 amino acids with mitochondrial transit peptides and its primary sequence contains a conserved 3′ to 5′ exonuclease motif of the “DEDD” superfamily. DNA mobility shift assays demonstrated that recombinant Pmn34 binds weakly to both mtDNA and λDNA with no apparent sequence specificity. Furthermore, immunoblotting and immunostaining analyses revealed that Pmn34 localizes specifically in the peripheral region of mt-nucleoids. These results indicate that Pmn34 functions in the peripheral region of mt-nucleoids, suggesting that the mt-nucleoid is compartmentalized into functional domains.