Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controlling Biomineralization: The Effect of Solution Composition on Coccolith Polysaccharide Functionality

The calcite shields produced by unicellular marine algae demonstrate the remarkable crystal control that organisms can achieve through biomineralization. Emiliania huxleyi produces complex polysaccharides (“coccolith associated polysaccharides”, CAP) that regulate crystal morphology by preferentially attaching to calcite acute step edges, thus promoting growth of the specific crystal faces required for design of that species of coccolith. However, to control crystal growth, the alga must be able to control CAP behavior at the local scale, so its functionality can be switched on and off. Here, we show that the functionality of CAP from E. huxleyi depends directly on solution composition. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the behavior of calcite surfaces under varying pH, in the presence of CAP and cations chosen to test the role of ionic potential, that is, charge per unit radius (K+, Na+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Eu3+ at 1 M charge concentration). Site-specific adsorption to calcite .
Electron diffraction from single, fully‐hydrated, ox‐liver catalase microcrystals

High-resolution single-crystal electron diffraction intensity data from fully hydrated, flat, rectangular catalase microcrystals are subjected to various tests which support the thesis that diffraction from crystals with thicknesses up to at least 1500 A may be treated by the kinematical theory. The ratio of the total diffracted intensity to the incident beam intensity is found to be 0.06 for a 530 A thick crystal and 0.16 for a 1500 A thick crystal. A plot of averaged electron-diffraction intensities vs. sin θ/λ also closely resembles molecular-transform-modulated plots of X-ray diffraction intensity data from protein crystals.
Molecular Structure of Bromoform

The structure of bromoform has been evaluated entirely from microwave spectroscopy. The B0 values in Mc/s of the isotopic species studied are: 1247.61±0.025 for CHBr379; 1217.30±0.025 for CHBr381; 1239.45±0.025 for CDBr379; 1209.51±0.025 for CDBr381. These constants yield the structure as follows: dCH=1.07A±0.01A, dCBr=1.930A±0.003A, angle BrCBr=110°48′±16′.
IMPROVING ARABIC QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM BY MERGING ANER TECHNIQUE, UPDATED QUESTION CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE AND STOP WORDS TECHNIQUE

Question answering systems are basically of three types: open domain, closed domain and restricted domain. In this paper we build a question answering system that tries to take users' questions, and provide them the answer in Arabic language. The proposed system is called AMAU (Arabic question answering system by merging Aner technique, updated question classification technique and stop words technique). AMAU focuses on question processing and document processing. After building the AMAU system, it was evaluated based on precision, recall and f-measure by ANER QA and ANER data set. The AMAU system is also compared with Arabic NER system using precision, recall and f-measure. The evaluation results show a better performance by AMAU. AMAU produced an average precision of up to 80% compared to Arabic NER system that produced an average precision of up to 63%. The proposed system performed best when stemming and stop words were used and resulted in the highest values of Recall, Precision and F-measure compared to NER system.
Strategic Guilt Induction

Guilt averse agents are motivated to meet the expectations of others, even at the expense of their own material payo¤. Several experimental studies how found results supporting guilt aversion in games. However, strategic implications of guilt aversion arise, which can impact economic outcomes in important ways, that have yet to be explored. I introduce an experimental design that admits the possibility for agents to strategically induce guilt upon others in a manner consistent with psychological insights of Baumeister, Stillwell, and Heatherton (1994). This enables me to test whether agents attempt to inuence the behavior of others by strategically inducing guilt. Subsequently, I test whether guilt induction is an e¤ective mechanism for inuencing the behavior of others. Lastly, the design enables me to test whether agents exhibit higher degrees of trust when they are given an opportunity to induce guilt. Furthermore, I appeal to the Battigalli and Dufwenberg (2007) model of simple guilt and derive conditions under which e¤ective guilt induction can be supported as an equilibrium of the psychological game considered. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor Martin Dufwenberg for helpful comments. I would also like to thank Pierpaolo Battigalli, Anna Breman, Gary Charness, Price Fishback, Paul Heidhues, Tamar Kugler, John Wooders, and conference participants at the University of Arizona for additional comments. I am grateful to the Economic Science Laboratory for providing nancial support. yDepartment of Economics, University of Arizona, McClelland Hall 401, PO Box 210108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0108, Telephone: (858) 395-6699; Email: ecardell@email.arizona. edu.
Molecular dynamics of pyrene based discotic liquid crystals confined in nanopores probed by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering

Semiconducting nanowires made of discotic columnar liquid crystals can be obtained by impregnation into solid nanoporous templates, and provide new opportunities to tailor devices for organic electronics with promising charge carriers transport properties. These properties are tightly related to the self-assembly and molecular dynamics of the discotic columns inside the nanowires. We recently studied and rationalized the formation of different nanostructures in the columnar phase of pyrene derivative discotics nanoconfined in anodic alumina and porous silicon templates ([Cerclier et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 116, 18990–18998, Kityk et al., Soft Matter, 2014, 10, 4522–4534]). We now present the molecular dynamics of nano-confined pyrene derivative mesogenic phases as studied by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering over a broad range of correlation times. The combination of backscattering and time-of-flight techniques has allowed to describe the nature of the molecular motions at play on the pico to nanosecond time scale. The dynamics of the columnar phase is dominated by fluctuations of the lateral chains, while the onset of larger amplitude motions like whole-body reorientations and slow center-of-mass translational diffusion occurs at high temperature in the isotropic phase. Interestingly, nano-confinement does not qualitatively alter the nature of the molecular dynamics, but essentially blocks the long range translational motions and induces broader distributions of correlation times of the fastest local relaxations.
The GID-complex is a novel ubiquitin ligase involved in the regulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the function of the primary cilium : [kumulative Dissertation]

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gid-complex is a highly evolutionary conserved ubiquitin ligase with at least seven protein subunits. Here, we review our knowledge about the yeast Gid-complex as an important regulator of glucose metabolism, specifically targeting key enzymes of gluconeogenesis for degradation. Furthermore, we summarize existing data about the individual subunits, the topology and possible substrate recognition mechanisms and compare the striking similarities, but also differences, between the yeast complex and its vertebrate counterpart. Present data is summarized to give an overview about cellular processes regulated by the vertebrate GID-complex that range from cell cycle regulation, primary cilia function to the regulation of energy homeostasis. In conclusion, the vertebrate GID-complex evolved as a versatile ubiquitin ligase complex with functions beyond the regulation of glucose metabolism.
Giant Onychomatricoma: a case report

inTroducTion: In the last decades, anticoagulants have become more frequent in the population and younger age groups. Objective: This article aims to address the risk of the most used anticoagulant medications in dermatological surgeries. Methods: We reviewed the most common anticoagulant medications. Results: The pre-surgical consultation performed correctly, emphasizing the patient's clinical history (including renal function in cases of use of new oral anticoagulants), the anatomical site addressed, and the surgical treatment schedule is essential for a satisfactory outcome. Conclusions: The use of anticoagulant medications is increasingly common in medical practice. In patients receiving anticoagulant medications, strict adherence to good surgical practices is essential. Special attention to adequate hemostasis of the surgical field, adequate and compressive dressings and postoperative care must be given. The patient should be adequately informed about the most significant risks to which he is subject.
Intensified Endoscopic Evaluation for Biliary Complications After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Background Biliary complications are common causes of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation. Material/Methods From 2013 to 2018, 102 whole-organ liver transplantations were conducted in our department. Patients were closely monitored for biliary complication development. In all suspected cases, patients underwent either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage. Patients’ demographic characteristics, preexisting conditions, and perioperative characteristics, as well as morbidity and mortality, were analyzed. Risk factors for 1-year survival were calculated. Results Of the 102 patients, 43 (42%) experienced biliary complications. In comparison with patients without biliary complications, patients with biliary complications exhibited the following risk factors: underlying liver disease (viral hepatitis; P=0.009), blood group A (P=0.005), and previous abdominal surgery (P=0.037). Neither perioperative characteristics, especially duration of cold ischemia (P=0.86), nor postoperative course differed between patients with and without biliary complications. Risk factors for mortality within 1 year were cirrhosis caused by entities other than viral hepatitis (P=0.017), cardiac comorbidities (P=0.019), re-transplantation (P=0.032), and reduced organ weight (P=0.002). Biliary complications, postoperative hemorrhage, primary nonfunction, and repeated surgery worsened outcome; moreover, serum bilirubin trough in the first 30 days after transplantation might be prognostic for mortality (P=0.043). Conclusions Biliary complications adversely affect outcome after liver transplantation. Neither frequency nor outcome of biliary complications was improved by intensified endoscopic evaluation. Patients on the waiting list for liver transplants should also be closely monitored for cardiac comorbidities.
Systematically Landing Machine Learning onto Market-Scale Mobile Malware Detection

Despite being crucial to today’s mobile ecosystem, app markets have meanwhile become a natural, convenient malware delivery channel as they actually “lend credibility” to malicious apps. In the past few years, machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely explored for automated, robust malware detection, but till now we have not seen an ML-based malware detection solution applied at market scales. To systematically understand the real-world challenges, we conduct a collaborative study with T-Market, a popular Android app market that offers us large-scale ground-truth data. Our study illustrates that the key to successfully developing such systems is multifold, including <italic>feature selection and encoding</italic>, <italic>feature engineering and exposure</italic>, <italic>app analysis speed and efficacy</italic>, <italic>developer and user engagement</italic>, as well as <italic>ML model evolution</italic>. Failure in any of the above aspects could lead to the “wooden barrel effect” of the whole system. This article presents our judicious design choices and first-hand deployment experiences in building a practical ML-powered malware detection system. It has been operational at T-Market, using a single commodity server to check <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="gong-ieq1-3046092.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>12K apps every day, and has achieved an overall precision of 98.9 percent and recall of 98.1 percent with an average per-app scan time of 0.9 minutes.
HUMAN-CENTRIC INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS

Purpose – To explore how innovation ecosystems have advanced to become more humancentric based innovation ecosystem. The purpose was achieved by carrying out the following tasks: 1. An analysis of the effects of the changing labour markets on innovation ecosystemswhich have resulted in the formation of human-centric innovation ecosystems. 2. Demonstrating how human-centric innovation ecosystems have evolved from innovation ecosystems, how they work (operate) hypothetically and interact strategically. 3. Analyzing literature which has validated that ‘human-centric innovation ecosystems’ is a new paradigm. Design/methodology/approach – A document analysis is used to assess and understand how innovation ecosystems have evolved towards human-centric innovation ecosystems. Practical implications – The literature analysis offers new insights on how innovation ecosystems have evolved, as well as why more research is required as labour markets continue to be influenced by internal and external factors, as it trends towards a more human-centric based innovation ecosystem. Originality/Value – The analysis presented insights about the evolution of innovation ecosystem towards ‘human-centric innovation ecosystems’ and the changing trends of regional labour markets that influences it.
Physovenines: Efficient Synthesis of (−)- and (+)-Physovenine and Synthesis of Carbarnate Analogues of (−)-Physovenine. Anticholinesterase Activity and Analgesic Properties of Optically Active Physovenines†

Column chromatography of easy available (±)-physovenine (2) on cellulose triacetate afforded (−)- and (+)-physovenine (2a and 2b, resp.). Alkaloids 2a, b required for pharmacological testing were prepared from eserolincs (3a, b) by an improved procedure. Natural (−)-physovenine (2a) was equally potent in inhibiting AChE and BChE in vitro as natural physostigmine (1a), and twice as potent as the unnatural antipode 2b against AChE and 14 times as potent against BChE. Several carbamate analogs of 2a were at least as potent as the former compound in these assays. None of the compounds tested did bind to different opiate receptor or serotonine receptor preparations. Most of the compounds tested had considerable analgesic activity in the Writhing test.
Kinetics of ionic dyes adsorption with magnetic‐modified sewage sludge

Sewage sludge is modified by pretreatment with a synthetic ferrite process, which turns the sewage sludge into an absorbent for ionic dyes and the adsorbent can be removed by a magnetic field. When Fe3O4 is synthesized on the surface of sewage sludge, the surface potential of particles is manipulated by adjusting the pH. For Fe3O4 synthesis, the molar ratio of Fe2+ to Fe3+ was 1. In our experiment, two magnetic adsorbents are made (A5 and A10) using 5 g and 10 g doses of sewage sludge, respectively. A5 is used to adsorb Procion Red Mx‐5B (PR) and A10 is used to adsorb Methylene Blue (MB). The specific surface area of A5 is 49.08 m2/g. The ideal pH for PR adsorption is found to be 3 with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.031 mmol/g (18.83 mg/g). For A10, the specific surface area is 39.84 m2/g, and ideal pH is 6 for MB adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity being 0.078 mmol/g (25.06 mg/g). The kinetics study reveals that MB and PR adsorptions fit well a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, and the values of activation energy calculated from the rate constants are 42.82 kJ/mol and 47.19 kJ/mol for MB and PR, respectively. MB and PR adsorption can be characterized as activated chemical adsorption. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 905–912, 2014
Fe-doped and -mediated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic performance under natural sunlight

Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of highly efficient Fe-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets via a facile and cost effective method. The synthesized Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets were well characterized by various analytical techniques. The results revealed that the Fe exists mainly in the +3 oxidation state in the Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets. Fe doping of g-C3N4 nanosheets has a great influence on the electronic and optical properties. The diffuse reflectance spectra of Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets exhibit red shift and increased absorption in the visible light range, which is highly beneficial for absorbing the visible light in the solar spectrum. More significantly, the Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets exhibit greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B under sunlight irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of 2 mol% Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets is almost 7 times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4 and 4.5 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 nanosheets. A proposed mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets was investigated by trapping experiments. The synthesized photocatalysts are highly stable even after five successive experimental runs. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of Fe-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets is due to high visible light response, large surface area, high charge separation and charge transfer. Therefore, the Fe-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst is a promising candidate for energy conversion and environmental remediation.
Cyber-security in the water sector – a stakeholders' perspective

16 Cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure systems are becoming a significant concern. Sabotaging and the 17 destruction of critical infrastructures may cause devastating impacts on physical systems, economic 18 security, public health, and safety. The water sector is one of the most critical infrastructures, and as such, 19 identifying and managing cyber-threats on the water sector's facilities is crucial to provide a continuous 20 and safe supply of water. In this study, we exercise a stakeholder engagement process in the form of an 21 active workshop that aims to show different stakeholder's perspective on cyber-threats, knowledge gaps, 22 and barriers to implementations of cyber-security procedures and technologies in the water sector. The 23 workshop, demonstrated on the Israeli waterand cyber-sector, brought together 45 professionals from 24 the water sector and the cyber sector (Government, Academia, Utilities, Consultants, and Commercial 25 suppliers). In the cyber-security domain, many studies focused on developing algorithms, but only a few 26 considered the organizational and the policy aspects of the problem. The present study addressed this 27 gap and presented an example demonstrating the importance of integrating stakeholder engagement into 28 decision-making in the water domain. The workshop's findings are summarized and analyzed to highlight 29 top priority activity areas and to suggest required actions, according to the stakeholders’ perspective, 30 which can help shape the landscape of the water sector's cyber-security. 31
A REVIEW OF NAMED ENTITY RECOGNITION AND CLASSIFICATION ON UNSTRUCTURED MALAY DATA

In recent years, due to the emergence of various social network platforms, a massive amount of data is continuously generated and shared. The majority of the data is unstructured, which contains information that might be crucial and valuable if analyzed. Effective use of these unstructured data is a tedious and labor-intensive task. Information extraction is one of the on-going research areas to extract potentially useful information out of voluminous data. Several different techniques and methods for information extraction have been proposed to understand the content and context of any available unstructured data at the low-level structure. However, there are limited studies conducted to investigate the challenges of Named Entity Recognition and Classification (NERC) on unstructured Malay data, which is known as one of the main subtasks in information extraction. Therefore, this paper addresses a comprehensive review of the existing NERC techniques for processing unstructured Malay data along with its limitations and challenges. The contributions of this paper are twofold. The primary contribution is it presents the overview of prior studies on NERC techniques of unstructured Malay data. Second, it scrutinizes the limitations and challenges of theses existing techniques due to the voluminous, dimensionality, and heterogeneity of unstructured Malay data. The findings show that most of the previous studies using a machine learning-based approach produce a satisfactory result rather than a rule-based approach. Furthermore, the challenges in terms of the different morphological of Malay language compared to resource-rich languages such as English, limitation of Malay corpus and annotated Malay text, and Malay text ambiguities could influence the performance of Malay NERC system efficiency, which should be carefully considered during the design of the systems.
Separation and identification of mouse liver membrane proteins using a gel-based approach in combination with 2DnanoLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS

In this work, we present results of membrane proteome profiling from mouse liver tissues using a gel-based approach in combination with 2DnanoLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Following purification of the membrane fraction, SDS-PAGE was carried out as a useful separation step. After staining, gels with protein bands were cut, reduced, alkylated and trypsin-digested. The peptide mixtures extracted from each gel slice were fractionated by two-dimensional nano liquid chromatography (2DnanoLC) coupled online with tandem mass spectrometry analysis (NanoESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS). The proteins were identified by MASCOT search against a mouse protein database using a peptide and fragment mass tolerance of ±0.5 Da. Protein identification was carried out using a Mowse scoring algorithm with a confidence level of 95% and processed by MSQuant v1.5 software for further validation. In total, 318 verified membrane proteins from mouse liver tissues were identified; 66.67% of them (212 proteins) contained at least one or more transmembrane domains predicted by the SOSUI program and 43 were found to be unique microsome membranes. Furthermore, GRAVY values of membrane proteins varied in the range -1.1276 to 0.9016 and only 31 (9.76%) membrane proteins had positive values. The functions and subcellular locations of the identified proteins were categorized as well, according to universal GO annotations.
Enzyme‐mediated catalytic asymmetric oxidations

Enantiomerically pure sulfoxides are excellent chiral auxiliares for asymmetric synthesis and in the preparation of several enantiopure biologically active compounds. We have explored biocatalytic approaches based on the use of heme peroxidases and flavin monooxygenases such as chloroperoxidase and cyclohexanone monooxygenase respectively. By using isolated enzymes or whole-cell biotransformations, we have prepared alkyl aryl sulfoxides, 1,3-dithioacetal-1-oxides, dialkyl sulfoxides, and thiosulfinates in high enantiomeric excess. An active site model of cyclohexanone monooxygenase has been proposed in order to explain and to predict the absolute configuration of the product. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:467–473, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10074