Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematics for 2d Interfaces

We present here a survey of recent results concerning the mathematical analysis of instabilities of the interface between two incompressible, non viscous, fluids of constant density and vorticity concentrated on the interface. This configuration includes the so-called Kelvin-Helmholtz (the two densities are equal), Rayleigh-Taylor (two different, nonzero, densities) and the water waves (one of the densities is zero) problems. After a brief review of results concerning strong and weak solutions of the Euler equation, we derive interface equations (such as the Birkhoff-Rott equation) that describe the motion of the interface. A linear analysis allows us to exhibit the main features of these equations (such as ellipticity properties); the consequences for the full, non linear, equations are then described. In particular, the solutions of the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor problems are necessarily analytic if they are above a certain threshold of regularity (a consequence is the illposedness of the initial value problem in a non analytic framework). We also say a few words on the phenomena that may occur below this regularity threshold. Finally, special attention is given to the water waves problem, which is much more stable than the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor configurations. Most of the results presented here are in 2d (the interface has dimension one), but we give a brief description of similarities and differences in the 3d case.
Assessment of enterpreneurial behaviour among tea small holders in low country Sri Lanka

Over the years Sri Lanka has gained profound popularity for its world renowned ‘Ceylon Tea’. Being one of the major plantation crops in Sri Lanka, tea industry plays a vital role in the Sri Lankan economy. Interestingly, tea small holding sector leads the industry by contributing 73% to the total tea production in the country out of which low country tea small holders own 82% of the production. Considering the importance of the tea small holders, this study mainly focuses on assessing the entrepreneurial behaviour and identifying the factors which determined the entrepreneurial behavior of tea small holders in low country. The study was conducted at Kottawa tea inspector’s division in Galle district. Randomly selected 60 tea small holders were interviewed using a pretest-ed questionnaire. Entrepreneurial Behavioral Index (EBI) was constructed using the eleven attributes of entre-preneurial behaviour. Results revealed that the overall entrepreneurial behaviour of the tea small holders posted a value of 76.62. Among all the attributes, achievement motivation, farming knowledge and self-confidence were revealed as higher level entrepreneurial behaviour attributes. Rest of them such as innovativeness, management orientation, decision making, utilize available assistance, risk taking, leadership ability, coordination and cosmop-oliteness have designated a medium level entrepreneurial attributes. Education level, family support, utilization of information sources and the number of trainings received were identified as the key determinants which has im-pacted significantly and positively on entrepreneurial behaviour. Finally this study recommends introducing the entrepreneurship development training programs to achieve the medium level components to highest level.
Multi-layered Graph Clustering in Finding the Community Cores

In the study of complex network, community mining has become popular in recent years. However, almost all existing community detection algorithms are based on a single-layered homogeneous type of graph in which nodes represents individual objects and edges for a single definition of a relationship. In reality, an object has the existence of more than one type of tie. In this paper, we propose a simple idea to find the dense cluster nodes or community cores in multi-layered graph. Our method treats a heterogeneous complex network as a set of homogeneous graphs in ordered to apply the modularity-based singlelayered graph clustering method. Then, the community cores are extracted by layered-based intersection approach. With the help of powerful graph exploration and manipulation tool, Gephi, we also presented our experiments in computergenerated networks with graph visualizations.
GETTING TO KNOW YOURSELF: LEARN TO READ SOCIAL CONTEXTS AND LEARN TO THINK ON THE EVERYDAY LIFE THROUGH THE RESEARCH

The aim of this text is to approach the two paths we have found in the School of Education and Social Sciences (ESECS), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (IPL) and Research Center of Identities and Diversities (CIID) to turn what is too often separate as one: education and research. One route has been through the courses that we taught, relating to the anthropology of education, in particular, where we look for students to learn, to read social reality, to think and investigate daily life and do research on educational processes, not only at school, but also through the Internet, by analyzing the children's games, through the analysis of family relationships and how they educate children. The idea is unscholars education. The second way we found to construct the bridge between education and research is through work we have going on with adults returning to school after they have left, compulsory schooling, and those between the ages of 30 and 60 years old. By investigation of listening, powered by ethnographic research and ethnographic interviews, we placed these adults juxtaposed to discuss issues and to think that we tried changing world views, either in childhood or in adolescence, both in elementary school, and now returning to school (University).
Effects of a Heat Wave on Nocturnal Stomatal Conductance in Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Nocturnal transpiration constitutes a significant yet poorly understood component of the global water cycle. Modeling nocturnal transpiration has been complicated by recent findings showing that stomata respond differently to environmental drivers over day- vs. night-time periods. Here, we propose that nocturnal stomatal conductance depends on antecedent daytime conditions. We tested this hypothesis across six genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. growing under different CO2 concentrations (ambient vs. elevated) and exposed to contrasting temperatures (ambient vs. heat wave) for four days prior to the night of measurements, when all plants experienced ambient temperature conditions. We observed significant effects after the heat wave that led to 36% reductions in nocturnal stomatal conductance. The response was partly driven by changes in daytime stomatal behavior but additional factors may have come into play. We also observed significant differences in response to the heat wave across genotypes, likely driven by local adaptation to their climate of origin, but CO2 played no effect. Stomatal models may need to incorporate the role of antecedent effects to improve projections particularly after drastic changes in the environment such as heat waves.
Binding of FAK and HIF-1 during mechanoperception

Aims: We have suggested the interaction of HIF-1α and FAK, as a mechanism for the influence of low oxygen concentrations in the mechanoperception in chondrocytes. We aimed here, to analyze the binding capacity for HIF-1α and FAK in protein extracts from rat chondrocytes in hypoxia. Methods: We have used protein extracts from chondrocytes subjected to changes in substrate stiffness for 30 minutes used them for immunoprecipitation and pull down assays. Results: We show the binding capacity for FAK and HIF-1α and demonstrate that it is independent on the phosphorylation of FAK. Conclusion: When in hypoxia, this interaction occurs in chondrocytes that suffer a change in the stiffness and plays a role in the mechanisms triggered by the mechanosensing.
RELATIONSHIP OF SENSE OF HUMOR AND MENTAL HEALTH: A COORELATIONAL STUDY

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sense of humor and mental health. It was assumed that (1) There would be a strong relationship between sense of humor and mental health (2) There would be gender difference in relation to relation to usage of sense of humor for coping with stress ( 3) There would be a difference in effective usage of sense of humor for coping among school and university. The Research Sample comprised of 72 (N= 72) students of which 36 were males and 36 were females from various Schools their ages ranging from 15 to 19 years and from various Universities their ages ranging from 20-25 years respectively. In this study to measure sense of humor (Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (MSHS) (Thorson and F.C. Powell and Brdar, 1997) scale was used and to measure mental health (Mental Health Questionnaire (Bargar, 1996) was used to gather data. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients was used for the first hypothesis which showed no relationship between sense of humor and mental health r = -. 028, p 0.05, t = . 102. Therefore, it was insignificant. To test the third hypothesis t-test was used sense of humor in school (M = 65, SD = 6.891) is more than in university ( M = 56.92, SD =11.7), p < 0.05, t = 3.572. Therefore, the hypothesis stands confirmed.
Spiral Arm Morphology in Cluster Environment

We examine the dependence of the morphology of spiral galaxies on the environment using the KIAS Value Added Galaxy Catalog (VAGC) which is derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7. Our goal is to understand whether the local environment or global conditions dominate in determining the morphology of spiral galaxies. For the analysis, we conduct a morphological classiflcation of galaxies in 20 X-ray selected Abell clusters up to z»0.06, using SDSS color images and the X-ray data from the Northern ROSAT All-Sky (NORAS) catalog. We analyze the distribution of arm classes along the clustercentric radius as well as that of Hubble types. To segregate the efiect of local environment from the global environment, we compare the morphological distribution of galaxies in two X-lay luminosity groups, the low-Lx clusters (Lx 1:8 £ 10 44 erg/s). We flnd that the morphology-clustercentric relation prevails in the cluster environment although there is a brake near the cluster virial radius. The grand design arms comprise about 40% of the cluster spiral galaxies with a weak morphology-clustercentric radius relation for the arm classes, in the sense that ∞occulent galaxies tend to increase outward, regardless of the X-ray luminosity. From the cumulative radial distribution of cluster galaxies, we found that the low-Lx clusters are fully virialized while the high-Lx clusters are not.
Fundamental piezoresistive coefficients of p-type single crystalline 3C-SiC

The orientation dependence of the piezoresistive effect of p-type single crystalline 3C-SiC thin film grown on a (100)Si wafer was characterized. The longitudinal, transverse gauge factors in [100] orientation, and longitudinal gauge factor in [110] orientation were found to be 5.8, −5.2, and 30.3, respectively. The fundamental piezoresistive coefficients π11, π12, and π44 of p-type 3C-SiC were obtained to be 1.5 × 10−11 Pa−1, −1.4 × 10−11 Pa−1, and 18.1 × 10−11 Pa−1, respectively. From these coefficients, the piezoresistive effect in any crystallographic orientation in p-type single crystalline 3C-SiC can be estimated, which is very valuable in designing micro-mechanical sensors.
Operation of Fixed‐bed Bioreactor for Polluted Surface Water Treatment

Abstract Dissolved organic matters and ammonia nitrogen are serious contaminants of surface water in Taiwan. These contaminants can interfere with the water treatment process and cause biological instability in the finished water. One solution is to employ a biological treatment stage prior to the conventional water treatment process. A continuous flow biological filter packed with reticulated PU foam was used to remove ammonia nitrogen and organic materials before the conventional water treatment practice. The effect of its operation mode, namely, empty bed contact time (EBCT) and backwash, on the removal efficiencies of ammonia and organic matter was examined. The results suggested that ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen can be effectively removed by controlling the operation mode of the biological fixed bed. Efficient ammonia nitrogen removal was achieved upon the combination of the backwash mode with short EBCT or extended EBCT without the backwash. Efficient organic nitrogen and DOC removals were observed at short EBCT without the backwash. This study provides insights into the function of biofiltration, which benefits the design of a fixed‐bed bioreactor for the treatment of polluted surface water.
The New Oil Sector and the Dutch Disease: the Case of Ghana

This paper investigates the impact of the new oil sector on the economic performance of major traditional sectors of the Ghanaian economy. The discovery of resource booming sectors in most countries often comes with several opportunities as well as challenges. Ghana discovered oil in 2007 and started subsequent commercial production and export in 2010. The results from the study show that, there is no clear case of declining performance of sectors in terms of output, growth and export earnings as a result of the oil production. The study could also not establish a sustained appreciation in the real effective exchange rate since commercial oil production commenced which is an indicator of the presence of the Dutch Disease phenomenon. The real effective exchange rate was also found to be highly influenced by oil production, oil prices, total exports and remittances. The study applied an autoregressive distributed lag model due to differences in the level of integration of variables. The data was obtained from the Bank of Ghana, the Ministry of Finance in Ghana and the Energy Information Administration.
Assessing Organic Cherry Farmers’ Strategies under Different Policy Options

Organic farming has experienced a vast increase within the EU. Especially in Greece, the rapid growth of the organic sector, since the early ‘90s, was accompanied by the introduction of various organic crops. Among them, organic fruit crops have been gradually introduced, as farmers have realised the promising growth of the demand for organic fruits. However, organic farmers face significant yield and price risks, which combined with the high initial establishment costs, provoke difficult investment decisions. Rational farmers are willing to adopt organic farming only if the economic outcomes outweigh the associated increased risk and uncertainty. This study employs stochastic efficiency analysis to compare the economic outcomes of organic and conventional cherry production in Northern Greece. It, thus, explores whether the expansion of organic cherry production generates satisfactory economic results for farmers and whether it can be regarded as a promising alternative to conventional production activity. Results reveal that the current Greek policy scheme may endanger investments in organic cherry farming. Further assessment of the impact of varying organic subsidy and discount rate levels on the net present value underlines the detrimental effects of the financial crisis. An enhanced policy framework is required to enable and support climate-smart agriculture.
Parameter uncertainty analysis for an operational hydrological model using residual-based and limits of acceptability approaches

Abstract. Parameter uncertainty estimation is one of the major challenges in hydrological modeling. Here we present parameter uncertainty analysis of a recently released distributed conceptual hydrological model applied in the Nea catchment, Norway. Two variants of the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) methodologies, one based on the residuals and the other on the limits of acceptability, were employed. Streamflow and remote sensing snow cover data were used in conditioning model parameters and in model validation. When using the GLUE limit of acceptability (GLUE LOA) approach, a streamflow observation error of 25 % was assumed. Neither the original limits nor relaxing the limits up to a physically meaningful value yielded a behavioral model capable of predicting streamflow within the limits in 100 % of the observations. As an alternative to relaxing the limits, the requirement for the percentage of model predictions falling within the original limits was relaxed. An empirical approach was introduced to define the degree of relaxation. The result shows that snow- and water-balance-related parameters induce relatively higher streamflow uncertainty than catchment response parameters. Comparable results were obtained from behavioral models selected using the two GLUE methodologies.
Menopause, sexuality and culture: is there a universal experience?

Menopause is a universal phenomenon, but do all women experience a universal event? The aim of this article is to identify common trends or patterns occurring exclusively within certain different cultures, and whether these have an effect on how menopause is experienced or perceived by those women. This paper will first consider the physiological changes that occur during menopause and will then look at psychosocial influences that may affect women's perception and experience of menopause.
Estimation of Regulatory Credit Risk Models

This article estimates a general credit risk model with both macroeconomic and latent credit factors for Spanish banks during the period 2004–2010. The proposed framework allows to estimate with bank level data both a credit risk model in line with the standard of Basel II and generalized models. I find evidence of persistence in the credit latent factor and of a significant effect of GDP growth and interbank rates on loan default rates. The estimated default correlation is low across specifications, indicating a positive relation between bank concentration and financial stability. The model is also used to calculate the impact on the probabilities of default of stressed economic scenarios.
Statistical Sampling Properties of the Coefficients of Three Phenotypic Selection Indices

The aim of the Smith phenotypic selection index (SPSI), the restricted phenotypic selection index (RPSI), and the predetermined proportional gains phenotypic selection index (PPG-PSI) is to maximize the response to selection and provide the breeder with an objective rule for evaluating and selecting several traits. When the phenotypic and genotypic variances and covariances are known, these three indices are the best linear predictors. When these parame- ters are estimated, the three indices will be opti- mal only if the estimators of the index weights are unbiased and have minimal variance. There are many methods for determining the sampling properties of the SPSI but there is no method for determining the sampling properties of RPSI and PPG-PSI coefficients. Using the canonical correlation theory, we proposed an asymptotic method for determining the statistical sampling properties of the estimators of the coefficients of the three phenotypic selection indices. We showed that under some assumptions, the sam- pling properties of the RPSI and PPG-PSI coef- ficient estimators could be obtained using the sampling properties of the SPSI coefficient esti - mator. We validated the theoretical results using two real datasets. The theoretical and numerical results indicated that the three estimators of the weights for the three indices were unbiased with minimal variances. We concluded that when the number of genotypes is large, the proposed method could be used to find the sampling properties of the coefficient of the three indices.
Reproductive ecology and diet of the fossorial snake Phalotris lativittatus in the Brazilian Cerrado

Fossorial snakes have attracted little scientific attention in studies of natural history, despite their relevance to capture the range of evolutionary-ecological strategies of snakes. In this study, we examined 62 preserved specimens of Phalotris lativittatus (a member of the fossorial and poorly studied Elapomorphini tribe) to obtain information about sexual dimorphism, reproduction, seasonal activity and diet. Males were smaller than females but had longer tails, larger heads and were more heavy-bodied. Females attained sexual maturity at larger body sizes than males. Reproduction is seasonal in both sexes. Vitellogenesis started in mid-autumn, and peaked from late spring to summer. Oviductal eggs and oviposition were recorded from late spring to early summer, while hatchings occurred from late summer to autumn. Clutch size was low, a recurrent trait in fossorial snakes. Spermatogenesis began in autumn, peaked during spring and testicular quiescence occurred in summer. The ductus deferens contained sperm only in spring, when the sexual segment of the kidneys showed dense secretory granules and males were more active. Thus, we suggest that mating is likely to occur in spring. Diet is specialised in amphisbaenids, and no evidence of ontogenetic shift was detected. This is the first quantitative study on the ecology of an Elapomorphini species.
Does equity crowdfunding democratize entrepreneurial finance?

This paper investigates whether gender, age, ethnicity, and geography affect the choice of equity crowdfunding offerings vs initial public offerings (IPO) on traditional stock markets and whether these characteristics increase the likelihood of a successful offering. Using 167 equity offerings in Crowdcube and 99 equity offerings on London’s Alternative Investment Market raising between £300,000 and £5 m, we find that companies with younger top management team (TMT) members are both more likely to launch equity crowdfunding offerings than IPOs and have higher chances to successfully complete an equity crowdfunding offering. Remotely located companies are more likely to launch equity crowdfunding offerings than IPOs and have higher chances to successfully complete an equity crowdfunding offering. On the contrary, female entrepreneurs do not have higher chances to raise funds in equity crowdfunding. Minority entrepreneurs do not have higher chances of successfully raising capital but do attract a higher number of investors. Overall, our evidence provides empirical guidance for the first time to the oft-repeated policy claim that equity crowdfunding democratizes entrepreneurial finance by providing access to funding to underrepresented groups of potential entrepreneurs.
Inextensible Flows of Curves in Lie Groups

In this paper, we study inextensible ows of curves in three dimensional Lie groups with a bi-invariant metric. The nec- essary and sucient conditions for inextensible curve ow are ex- pressed as a partial dierential equation involving the curvatures. Also, we give some results for special cases of Lie groups.