Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXTENDED CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS POST-TRAINED WITH FACTORED STATISTICAL MACHINE

This paper investigate the potential of coupling two machine translation research approaches while taking full advantage of each method, namely, the deterministic (neuronal) and probabilistic (statistical) approaches, in order to address three main problems occurring in MT, that is, language pairs having grammatical structure and word order that differs drastically, data sparseness and the number of out of vocabulary (OOV) words generated. Additionally, we integrated word-level linguistic features (Part-ofSpeech with compounds, lemmatization and/or word class) so as to decrease the number of unknown words while significantly increasing the vocabulary coverage. We combined a fully-factored ConvS2S and a factored PB-SMT where, the pre-translated training data generated using the NMT system is employed to build the SMT system, parallely, tuning parameters using the pre-translated development set. Finally, the desired results where produced by operating in the posttranslation step the SMT system to re-decode the pre-translated test set. Experiments are performed on comparisons between stand-alone vs. our hybrid MT models where our model outperforms the strong MTs state-ofthe-art by over 3.88 %BLEU, 3.08 %BLEU and 3.52 %BLEU, on the WMT’16 English-Romanian, WMT’14 EnglishGerman and WMT’14 English-French translation tasks, respectively, and hybrid recurrent vs. hybrid ConvS2S MT models where our model outperforms the strong HMTs state-of-the-art by over 3.95 %BLEU and 5.68 %BLEU on the Japanese-English and Chinese-English test sets, respectively.
Coordinated throughput optimization for mobile sensor networks under heterogeneous fading conditions

This paper considers the P2P throughput optimization of mobile wireless sensor networks under a Rician/Rayleigh heterogeneous fading environment. The Rician/Rayleigh fading scenarios considers both extreme cases of signal propagation, that is, dominant line of sight (LOS) signal and No LOS (NLOS) signal. We focus on a type of P2P communication between wireless sensor nodes where the desired signal experiences Rician fading channel and the interfering signals undergoes Rayleigh fading channel. The coordinated link quality‐ and position‐aware route (C‐LPAR) reconfiguration strategy is proposed to exploit the multipath fading characteristics and mobility of nodes in order to provide optimal end‐to‐end throughput routes in presence of path loss, fading and interference. We studied the performance of proposed strategy under different environmental conditions and investigated the achievable throughput as well as number of hops and euclidean distance of the routes.
Seagrass leaf reddening alters the microbiome of Zostera muelleri

Seagrasses host an extremely diverse microbiome that plays fundamental roles in seagrass health and productivity but may be sensitive to shifts in host physiology. Here, we observed a leaf reddening phenomenon in Zostera muelleri and characterized bacterial assemblages associated with green and reddened leaves to determine whether this change in leaf pigmentation stimulates shifts in the seagrass microbiome. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we observed that the microbiome associated with 4 different leaf pigmentation categories (i.e. green, white, purple and black) differed significantly, with substantial changes in microbiome composition when the tissue is whitened (non-pigmented). Actinobacteria, Rhodobacteraceae, Erythrobacter, Sulfitobacter and Granulosicoccus were enriched in black and/or purple tissues and discriminated these microbiomes from those associated with green leaves. Contrastingly, all ‘discriminatory’ zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) were depleted within the communities associated with white samples. While 40% of the abundant zOTUs identified were exclusively associated with a single pigmentation category, only 3% were shared across all categories, indicating partitioning of the phyllosphere microbiome. However, a significant proportion of the ‘normal’ (green) leaf core microbiome was also retained in the core communities associated with black (70%) and purple (70%) tissues. Contrastingly, no core zOTUs were maintained in the white tissues. These results indicate that environmentally driven physiological shifts in seagrasses, such as leaf reddening expressed in response to high irradiance, can impact the seagrass leaf microbiome, resulting in significant shifts in the microbiome of reddened leaves with the most extreme expression (in white tissue of reddened leaves).
Perawatan Komprehensif Geligi Campuran pada Anak Usia 8 Tahun dengan Riwayat Ibu memiliki Celah Bibir – Laporan Kasus

Abstract Cleft lip and palate are abnormal clefts in the orofacial region that affect lip, alveolar bone, hard palate, and or soft palate. An eight-year-old girl came to Dental Hospital of Unjani with her mother, with chief complaint tooth cavity on the left and right of the lower arch and want to be treated. Intraoral findings found that the patient’s teeth are crowded with a narrow jaw arch. From the anamnesis, the mother of the patient had a cleft lip and extend to the alveolar bone, but the patient itself has no cleft lip and palate. The comprehensive treatments that done to the patient are amalgam restoration of tooth 75 and pulp capping of tooth 85 with stainless steel crown as follow up restoration. Keywords: Cleft lip, narrow jaw, mixed dentition treatment
PREFERÊNCIA PELA LIQUIDEZ, FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO E EFEITOS DE PROPAGAÇÃO: DA NÃO NEUTRALIDADE DA MOEDA À NÃO NEUTRALIDADE DA FINANÇA

RESUMO: A critica radical que Keynes faz a teoria dos fundos de emprestimos (TFE) revela a ruptura epistemologica entre a economia keynesiana e a economia neoclassica. Neste trabalho, estudarei a natureza dessa ruptura, mais especificamente no que diz respeito aos diferentes componentes da preferencia pela liquidez e aos mecanismos a partir dos quais a incerteza se propaga nas diferentes esferas da economia. A partir dos trabalhos de Kahn e de Cardim de Carvalho, demonstrarei porque a nao neutralidade da moeda e preciso acrescentar a nao neutralidade do sistema financeiro. Na medida em que a atuacao dos agentes se explica por meio de uma teoria da escolha dos ativos, mostrarei como a financa especulativa constitui um ativo especifico e como ela exerce seus efeitos de propagacao sobre a determinacao da taxa de juros e, consequentemente, sobre o setor “real”. Em uma primeira parte, analisarei os fundamentos da critica que Keynes faz a teoria dos fundos de emprestimos. Numa segunda parte, estudarei, a partir dos trabalhos de Cardim de Carvalho, as relacoes entre a preferencia pela liquidez, a taxa de juros e a financa especulativa. ====================== ABSTRACT: Keynes’s radical critique of the Loan Funds Theory reveals the epistemological rupture between Keynesian and Neoclassical Economics. In this paper, I will study the nature of this rupture, specifically concerning the different components of the liquidity preference and the mechanisms through which uncertainty propagates into the different spheres of the economy. Based upon Kahn’s and Cardim de Carvalho´s works, I will explain why, as money, the financial system is also not neutral, as to how it affects the determination of the interest rate and the productive sector. In the first part of the text, I will analyze the fundamentals of Keynes’s critique of the Loan Funds Theory. In the second part, I will study, from the perspective of Cardim de Carvalho´s works, the relationship between liquidity preference, interest rate, and speculative finance.
Sunitinib-Loaded MPEG-PCL Micelles for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) will be responsible for the vision impairment of more than five million late-aged adults in the next 30 years. Current treatment includes frequent intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. However, there are methods of drug delivery that can decrease the frequency of intravitreal injections by sustaining drug release. MPEG-PCL ((methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) poly(caprolactone)) has been reported as biocompatible and biodegradable. Polymeric micelles of MPEG-PCL can be useful in efficiently delivering anti-VEGF drugs such as sunitinib to the posterior segment of the eye. In this study, the novel micellar formulation exhibited an average dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size of 134.2 ± 2.3 nm with a zeta potential of −0.159 ± 0.07 mV. TEM imaging further confirmed the nanoscopic size of the micelles. A sunitinib malate (SM)-MPEG-PCL formulation exhibited a sustained release profile for up to seven days with an overall release percentage of 95.56 ± 2.7%. In addition to their miniscule size, the SM-MPEG-PCL formulation showed minimal cytotoxicity onto the ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, reporting a percent viability of more than 88% for all concentrations tested at time intervals of 24 h. The SM-MPEG-PCL micelles also exhibited exceptional performance during an anti-VEGF ELISA that decreased the overall VEGF protein expression in the cells across a 24–72 h period. Furthermore, it can be concluded that this type of polymeric vehicle is a promising solution to symptoms caused by AMD and improving the management of those suffering from AMD.
Tailoring Bandgap and Electrical Properties of Magnesium-Doped Aluminum Zinc Oxide Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering Using Metallic Mg and Al–Zn Targets

Bandgap enlarged Mg-doped aluminum zinc oxide (Mg-doped AZO) film is a potential transparent conducting oxide for applications in photonics devices. The oxide film normally deposited by sputtering, particularly using ceramic targets, while maintaining its pristine property for the film deposited using metallic targets is rarely addressed. This study investigated the optical and electrical properties of Mg-doped AZO films that were performed by a magnetron reactive co-sputtering method using metallic Mg and Al–Zn targets. Doping of Mg in the AZO significantly affects the electrical resistivity and optical transmission of the films because Mg tends to replace part of Zn lattice sites. The 1.2 at. % Mg-doped AZO film had an electrical resistivity of 7.9 × 10−4 Ω·cm, an optical transmittance of 92.6% in the visible light range, and a bandgap of 3.66 eV when the film was post-annealed at 600 °C. The Mg doping widens the bandgap and, thus, increases the transmittance of the AZO film. Because of the superior electrical and optical characteristics, the Mg-doped AZO films prepared using the metallic targets can be a reliable transparent conducting oxide for applications.
Improved Vision-Based Detection of Strawberry Diseases Using a Deep Neural Network

Detecting plant diseases in the earliest stages, when remedial intervention is most effective, is critical if damage crop quality and farm productivity is to be contained. In this paper, we propose an improved vision-based method of detecting strawberry diseases using a deep neural network (DNN) capable of being incorporated into an automated robot system. In the proposed approach, a backbone feature extractor named PlantNet, pre-trained on the PlantCLEF plant dataset from the LifeCLEF 2017 challenge, is installed in a two-stage cascade disease detection model. PlantNet captures plant domain knowledge so well that it outperforms a pre-trained backbone using an ImageNet-type public dataset by at least 3.2% in mean Average Precision (mAP). The cascade detector also improves accuracy by up to 5.25% mAP. The results indicate that PlantNet is one way to overcome the lack-of-annotated-data problem by applying plant domain knowledge, and that the human-like cascade detection strategy effectively improves the accuracy of automated disease detection methods when applied to strawberry plants.
Heat Inactivation of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Milk

The presence of residues of antimicrobial substances in milk is one of the main concerns of the milk industry, as it poses a risk of toxicity to public health, and can seriously influence the technological properties of milk and dairy products. Moreover, the information available on the thermostability characteristics of these residues, particularly regarding the heat treatments used in control laboratories and the dairy industry, is very scarce. The aim of the study was, therefore, to analyze the effect of different heat treatments (40 degrees C for 10 min, 60 degrees C for 30 min, 83 degrees C for 10 min, 120 degrees C for 20 min, and 140 degrees C for 10 s) on milk samples fortified with three concentrations of nine beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin G: 3, 6, and 12 microg/liter; ampicillin: 4, 8, and 16 microg/liter; amoxicillin: 4, 8, and 16 microg/liter; cloxacillin: 60, 120, and 240 microg/liter; cefoperazone: 55, 110, and 220 microg/liter; cefquinome: 100, 200, and 400 microg/liter; cefuroxime: 65, 130, and 260 microg/liter; cephalexin: 80, 160, and 220 microg/ liter; and cephalonium: 15, 30, and 60 microg/liter). The method used was a bioassay based on the inhibition of Geobacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis. The results showed that heating milk samples at 40 degrees C for 10 min hardly produced any heat inactivation at all, while the treatment at 83 degrees C for 10 min caused a 20% loss in penicillin G, 27% in cephalexin, and 35% in cefuroxime. Of the three dairy industry heat treatments studied in this work, low pasteurization (60 degrees C for 30 min) and treatment at 140 degrees C for 10 s only caused a small loss of antimicrobial activity, whereas classic sterilization (120 degrees C for 20 min) showed a high level of heat inactivation of over 65% for penicillins and 90% for cephalosporins.
Neural Network Approach to MPPT Control and Irradiance Estimation

Photovoltaic (PV) modules require maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms to ensure that the amount of power extracted is maximized. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity MPPT algorithm that is based on the neural network (NN) model of the photovoltaic module. Namely, the expression for the output current of the NN model is used to derive the analytical, iterative rules for determining the maximal power point (MPP) voltage and irradiance estimation. In this way, the computational complexity is reduced compared to the other NN-based MPPT methods, in which the optimal voltage is predicted directly from the measurements. The proposed algorithm cannot instantaneously determine the optimal voltage, but it contains a tunable parameter for controlling the trade-off between the tracking speed and computational complexity. Numerical results indicate that the relative error between the actual maximum power and the one obtained by the proposed algorithm is less than 0.1%, which is up to ten times smaller than in the available algorithms.
Optimization of High-Quality Cassava and Coconut Composite Flour Combination as Filler in Chicken Sausages

ABSTRACT This study aimed at producing gluten-free chicken sausages using High-Quality Cassava Flour (HQCF) and coconut composite flour as fillers. The composite flour constituted 20% of the sausage recipe. D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the inclusion of the two flours(HQCF (12.5–17.25%) and coconut flour (2.5 − 7.5%)) in the chicken sausages. The proximate composition, textural and physicochemical properties of the sausages were determined. Fiber content was highest in the sample having the higher inclusion amount of both flours. An optimized inclusion level of 15.20% HQCF and 4.80% coconut flour was selected as the best. Sensory acceptability of the optimized sausage revealed that there was no significant (p > .05) difference in the aroma, appearance, taste and tenderness compared to sausage processed from wheat flour and HQCF separately. The study concluded that coconut flour (4.80%) and HQCF (15.20%) can replace wheat flour as fillers in chicken sausages.
The Relationship Between the Level of Serum ESM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 in Patients With Acute ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most lethal coronary heart disease with vascular endothelium dysfunction and inflammation in the disease development process. Endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (ESM‐1) and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) are important for the diagnosis and characterization of STEMI. To date, no studies have reported the correlation between ESM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 levels in patients with STEMI, which may be an important predictor of the fatal disease. To measure the level of serum ESM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2, and to evaluate the relationship and the clinical significance of these two biomarkers in patients with acute STEMI, 37 inpatients with acute STEMI were sequentially enrolled in the research group and 24 study objects with normal coronary artery function were included in the control group. The measurement of the relative parameters was done by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using blood samples taken from the median cubital vein while the inpatients were enrolled. The levels of serum SEM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 were significantly higher in patients with acute STEMI than in study objects with normal coronary artery function (P < 0.05). A significant correlation of serum SEM‐1 and Lp‐PLA2 was observed, leading to close linearity (r2 = 0.8131, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the endothelium dysfunction factor ESM‐1 and inflammatory factor Lp‐PLA2 are significantly higher and correlated in patients with acute STEMI. These two factors could be novel and effective biomarkers for acute STEMI diagnosis and evaluation.
The challenges of detecting and attributing ocean acidification impacts on marine ecosystems

Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA Geoecology and Carbonate Sedimentology Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Hawai’i, Maui College, HI, USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA Marine Laboratory and Biology Department, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Rhizobium-Linked Nutritional and Phytochemical Changes Under Multitrophic Functional Contexts in Sustainable Food Systems

Rhizobia are bacteria that exhibit both endophytic and free-living lifestyles. Endophytic rhizobial strains are widely known to infect leguminous host plants, while some do infect non-legumes. Infection of leguminous roots often results in the formation of root nodules. Associations between rhizobia and host plants may result in beneficial or non-beneficial effects. Such effects are linked to various biochemical changes that have far-reaching implications on relationships between host plants and the dependent multitrophic biodiversity. This paper explores relationships that exist between rhizobia and various plant species. Emphasis is on nutritional and phytochemical changes that occur in rhizobial host plants, and how such changes affect diverse consumers at different trophic levels. The purpose of this paper is to bring into context various aspects of such interactions that could improve knowledge on the application of rhizobia in different fields. The relevance of rhizobia in sustainable food systems is addressed in context.
Automatic Vehicles Detection, Classification and Counting Techniques / Survey

Vehicle detection (VD) plays a very essential role in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that have been intensively studied within the past years. The need for intelligent facilities expanded because the total number of vehicles is increasing rapidly in urban zones. Traffic monitoring is an important element in the intelligent transportation system, which involves the detection, classification, tracking, and counting of vehicles. One of the key advantages of traffic video detection is that it provides traffic supervisors with the means to decrease congestion and improve highway planning. Vehicle detection in videos combines image processing in realtime with computerized pattern recognition in flexible stages. The real-time processing is very critical to keep the appropriate functionality of automated or continuously working systems. VD in road traffics has numerous applications in the transportation engineering field. In this review, different automated VD systems have been surveyed, with a focus on systems where the rectilinear stationary camera is positioned above intersections in the road rather than being mounted on the vehicle. Generally, three steps are utilized to acquire traffic condition information, including background subtraction (BS), vehicle detection and vehicle counting. First, we illustrate the concept of vehicle detection and discuss background subtraction for acquiring only moving objects. Then a variety of algorithms and techniques developed to detect vehicles are discussed beside illustrating their advantages and limitations. Finally, some limitations shared between the systems are demonstrated, such as the definition of ROI, focusing on only one aspect of detection, and the variation of accuracy with quality of videos. At the point when one can detect and classify vehicles, then it is probable to more improve the flow of the traffic and even give enormous information that can be valuable for many applications in the future.
Helping teachers to respond to COVID-19 in the Eastern Caribbean: issues of readiness, equity and care

ABSTRACT Education in the Eastern Caribbean has been heavily influenced by the colonial history of the sub-region. In recent years though, in recognition of the fact that the traditional approaches to teaching and learning are no longer meeting the needs of present-day students, there have been calls for change to more student-friendly ones, with electronic technology playing a significant role. However, the resistance to certain types of devices in the classroom has contributed to the slow uptake of widespread use of electronic technology and the online environment as a mode for teaching and learning. The closure of schools due to the advent of COVID-19 pandemic forced education systems in the region to turn to the online environment to engage students in educational activities. Students, teachers and other education officials had to face their apprehensions and venture into this space for schooling. This paper describes actions taken by the Eastern Caribbean Joint Board of Teacher Education to help teachers cope with this different learning environment, guided by the concepts of teacher readiness, equity relating to access of resources and providing caring support for all affected.