Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of PCSK9 Inhibition on the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism.

Background: The relationship between cholesterol levels and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain. We set out to determine the effect of PCSK9 inhibition on the risk of VTE, explore potential mechanisms, and examine the efficacy in clinically and genetically defined risk subgroups. Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of the FOURIER trial testing whether evolocumab reduces the risk of VTE events (deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). Data from FOURIER and ODYSSEY OUTCOMES were then combined in a meta-analysis to assess class effect of PCSK9 inhibition on the risk of VTE. We also analyzed baseline lipids in FOURIER to investigate potential mechanisms explaining the reduction in VTE with evolocumab. Finally, an exploratory genetic analysis was performed in FOURIER to determine whether a VTE polygenic risk score could identify high-risk patients who would derive the greatest VTE reduction from evolocumab. Results: In FOURIER, the HR for VTE with evolocumab was 0.71 (95%CI 0.50-1.00, p=0.05), with no effect in the 1st year (HR 0.96, [0.57-1.62]) but a 46% reduction (HR 0.54 [0.33-0.88], p=0.014) beyond 1 year. A meta-analysis of FOURIER and ODYSSEY OUTCOMES demonstrated a 31% relative risk reduction in VTE with PCSK9 inhibition (HR 0.69 [0.53-0.90], p=0.007). There was no relation between baseline LDL-C levels and magnitude of VTE risk reduction. In contrast, in patients with higher baseline Lp(a) levels, evolocumab reduced Lp(a) by 33 nmol/L and risk of VTE by 48% (HR 0.52 [0.30-0.89], p=0.017), whereas in patients with lower baseline Lp(a) levels evolocumab reduced Lp(a) by only 7 nmol/L and had no effect on VTE risk Pinteraction for HR 0.087, Pheterogeneity for ARR 0.037). Modeled as a continuous variable, there was a significant interaction between baseline Lp(a) concentration and magnitude of VTE risk reduction (P=0.04). A polygenic risk score identified patients who were at >2-fold increased risk for VTE and who derived greater relative (Pinteraction=0.04) and absolute VTE reduction (Pheterogeneity=0.009) compared to those without high genetic risk. Conclusions: PCSK9 inhibition significantly reduces the risk of VTE. Lp(a) reduction may be an important mediator of this effect, a finding of particular interest given ongoing development of potent Lp(a) inhibitors.
Maxillary obturator

Defects in the maxillary jaw can be congenital, developmental, acquired, traumatic or surgical involving the oral cavity and related anatomic structure. Absence or loss of some or all of the soft palate and / or hard palate results in insufficient structure or altered function of the remaining tissues. Defects can cause disruption of articulation and airflow during speech production and also nasal reflux during deglutition. Patients after surgical resection have altered anatomy due to scaring, tissue contracture, lack of bony support and tissue edema. These patients have problem of regurgitation of water and food through nose and difficulty in speech. These changes require the fabrication of prosthesis and also sometimes repeated prosthesis adjustments to confirm to the soft tissue changes. To prevent this and to help the patient in deglutition and speech defects must be restored with prosthesis. In such situation an obturator is designed to close the opening between the residual hard and / or soft palate and the pharynx. The prosthesis provided for these patients are called as obturators. An obturator is a prosthesis which is fabricated for the patients with the palatal defects in the form of cleft lip and palate, oroantral fistula or surgical resection after removable of pathology like tumor or cancer. This review article will highlight on the Prosthetic Rehabilitation of the maxillary defects and the types of obturators.
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM

Apres l'ingestion de glucose, l'insulino-secretion du pancreas est stimulee et la combinaison de l'hyperglycemie et de l'hyperinsulinemie doit induire la captation de glucose dans les territoires splanchique (foie et tube digestif) et peripherique (muscles) et la suppression de la production hepatique du glucose. Le but de cette conference est de prouver que, bien que la perturbation du metabolisme hepatique du glucose joue un role dans le maintien de l'etat diabetique, le foie ne joue probablement pas de role majeur dans le developpement precoce de l'hyperglycemie a jeun des DNID
Amyloid β protein starting pyroglutamate at position 3 is a major component of the amyloid deposits in the Alzheimer's disease brain

Abstract The amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposited in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is heterogeneous at both its amino and carboxyl termini. Recent studies of the genetic forms of AD indicate that the aggregation and deposition of Aβ42 may be a common initiating event in all forms of AD. Here, we analyzed the amino termini of the Aβ species deposited in the AD brain, focusing specifically on species with amino-terminal pyroglutamate at position 3 (Aβ3(pE)). Immunocytochemical analysis of AD brains with an antibody specific for Aβ3(pE) confirmed that these species deposit in blood vessels and senile plaques. Using specific sandwich ELISAs, we determined the amounts of Aβ3(pE)-40 and Aβ3(pE)-42(43) in AD brain compared with other forms. This analysis showed that Aβ3(pE)-40 is closely correlated with the extent of Aβ deposition in blood vessels, whereas Aβ3(pE)-42(43) is not. In addition, Aβ3(pE)-42(43) is an important component of the Aβ deposited in senile plaques of the AD brain, constituting approximately 25% of the total Aβ42(43). In vitro comparison of Aβ1-42 and Aβ3(pE)-42 showed that Aβ3(pE)-42 is highly prone to oligomerization. These findings suggest that Aβ3(pE)-42 may be particularly important in AD pathogenesis.
Currently circulating genotypes of hepatitis E virus in India, 2014–2018

Purpose: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen causing acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Clinical manifestations often occur in young adults with an increased mortality rate among pregnant women. HEV genotypes 1 and 4 are mainly reported among humans and swines, respectively. Aims: The aim was to study the currently circulating genotypes of HEV in India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at Manipal Institute of Virology to know the circulating genotypes of hepatitis E, spanning over 5 years from August 2014 to September 2018. The serum samples screened serologically positive and confirmed positive for active infection by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Real Star® HEV RT-PCR Kit 2.0, Altona Diagnostics, GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) were further subjected to nested conventional PCR targeting the RdRp gene of non-structural ORF1 region. The purified PCR product was sequenced in BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (Life Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The chromatograms obtained by sequencing were analysed using Sequencher 5.4. 6, and HEV FASTA sequences were compared with reference sequences for HEV in GenBank Nucleotide Blast. Results: During the study period, there were 317 cases of laboratory-confirmed cases of acute viral hepatitis comprising 202, 70, 43 and 2 cases of hepatitis A, E, B and C, respectively. Serum samples of 70 acute hepatitis cases were positive for anti-hepatitis E IgM. According to the clinical case classification, there were 66 cases of acute viral hepatitis and four cases of fulminant hepatic liver failure. The mean age of the patients was 30.3 years (standard deviation = 12.5). The samples from various parts of India were genotyped as 1a. Conclusion: The HEV genotypes 1a was observed to be the currently circulating strain in the regions studied.
Study on the association between eosinophilic esophagitis and bronchial asthma in Egyptian patients with esophageal symptoms

Introduction Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus in which eosinophils play a major role in its pathogenesis and is presented clinically by esophageal dysfunction. EoE represents the second most common cause of chronic esophageal disease after gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and is considered the most common cause of dysphagia in both adults and children. Asthma is a well-known chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that involves several inflammatory cells including eosinophils. Multiple inflammatory mediators developed the characteristic pathophysiological changes that resulted in airway obstruction and appearance of symptoms of cough and breathlessness. This study aimed to study the incidence of EoE in Egyptian patients with bronchial asthma and address the patient’s characters and risk factors that increases the association. Settings and design This study was carried out on Egyptian asthmatic patients with esophageal symptoms. From 200 asthmatic patients, only 89 patients had esophageal symptoms (heartburn, regurgitation, or dysphagia) and were prepared for endoscopy. Patients and methods Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy was performed on all 89 cases and the findings were reported. Esophageal biopsy was taken from all cases and examined histopathologically for EoE criteria. Results The results showed that about 11% of asthmatic patients who suffered from GERD symptoms had associated EoE confirmed by esophageal biopsy and histologic findings. The incidence of EoE was increased in atopic asthmatic patients who had high immunoglobulin E. Conclusion Asthmatic patients who suffered from GERD symptoms should be assessed for EoE by endoscopic and histopathological examination.
Identification and characterization of polyphenols and volatile terpenoid compounds in different extracts of garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.)

Introduction: Garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is an important medicinal and aromatic herb, used in various food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries for its potential antioxidant properties. Leaves are the source of essential oils and polyphenols, used as a raw material in food and pharmaceutical industries. Materials and Methods: The study aimed to develop a complete phytochemical profile of S. officinalis leaves through liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Soxhlet and sonicated extract were analyzed using UHPLC, data-independent acquisition in negative electrospray ionization mode. Essential oil profiling of leaves in comparison with leaves+ stem was carried out using GC-FID. Results: Among the extraction methods, Soxhlet extraction yielded significantly high levels of caffeic acid (92.45 ± 1.92 μg/g), rosmarinic acid (18821.33 ± 150.20 μg/g), luteolin-7-glucoside (635.13 ± 11.20 μg/g), carnosic acid (27.48 ± 2.37 μg/g), carnosol (1347.67 ± 30.04 μg/g), and ursolic acid (14938.67 ± 82.20 μg/g). Among the 43 identified phenolic compounds, two flavonoids, diosmetin and pectolinarigenin and two triterpenoids benthamic and micromeric acids have been first time detected in S. officinalis leaves. The results of essential oil analysis indicated the presence of α-thujone (34.43- 38.93 %), β-thujone (6.03-7.58 %), camphor (15.77-18.12 %), 1,8-cineole (5.45-6.21 %), α-humulene (5.20 %), and camphene (4.29-5.10 %) as major volatile terpenoid components in S. officinalis. Conclusion: Soxhlet extraction found to be the best method for polyphenol extraction and the essential oil extracted only from leaves best suitable for therapeutic purposes due to less α-thujone and β-thujone content.
VARIATION IN MALE RELATIONSHIPS IN BONOBOS AND CHIMPANZEES

(With 7 Figures) (Acc. 20-VII-1994) Summary 1. Inter-male relationships were compared between two groups of bonobos at Wamba, Zaire, and a group of chimpanzees at the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. 2. Although distribution of females is much different between the two species, frequencies of affinitive interactions between males (inter-individual proximity and grooming) were similar between the species. 3. By contrast, marked inter-species differences were found in agonistic aspects of male relationships. Such differences could be related to the different estrus patterns of females. 4. Male relationships of both species may have been reflecting the male-bonded strategy which was taken by a common ancestor. Within this framework, males of each species seem to have developed differentiated social tactics for the access to females showing different patterns of distribution and estrus.
Exploring Data Security and Privacy Issues in Internet of Things Based on Five-Layer Architecture

Data Security and privacy is one of the serious issues in internet-based computing like cloud computing, mobile computing and Internet of Things (IoT). This security and privacy become manifolded in IoT because of diversified technologies and the interaction of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) used in IoT. IoTs are being adapted in academics and in many organizations without fully protecting their assets and also without realizing that the traditional security solutions cannot be applied to IoT environment. This paper explores a comprehensive survey of IoT architectures, communication technologies and the security and privacy issues of them for a new researcher in IoT. This paper also suggests methods to thwart the security and privacy issues in the different layers of IoT architecture.
A CHECK‐LIST OF MYCORRHIZA IN THE BRITISH FLORA—ADDENDA, ERRATA AND INDEX

PREAMBLE A check-list of mycorrhiza in the British Flora was published in February 1987 as a supplement to Vol. 105, No. 2 of this journal. As stated in the Editorial Note in Vol. 105, No. 2 itself, it was intended that additions to the list should be published from time to time, and it was for this reason that species for which no information was to hand at the time the compilation was made were included in the list. In this first list of Addenda, the opportunity has been taken not only to correct mistakes in the original check-list but also to add an Index to facilitate retrieval of information. This Index, the need for which was suggested to us by Dr E. I. Newman, is of families and genera only: species are in alphabetical order within genera. Nomenclature follows Clapham, A. R. , Tutin, T. G. & Warburg, E. F. (1981), Excursion Flora of the British Isles (3rd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. The original check-list and a copy of these addenda etc. may be obtained from the Executive Editor, The New Phytologist, Department of Botany, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK on receipt of a sterling cheque for £6 made payable to The New Phytologist Trust and an adhesive label addressed to the orderer. The cheque covers cost and postage.
β2‐Adrenergic Receptors on Peripheral Nerves

Abstract: We report that peripheral nerves have a functional adenylate cyclase‐coupled β‐adrenergic receptor. The pharmacological specificity of this receptor is shown to be of the β2 subtype. Two peripheral nerves, the sciatic from the frog and rat and the vagus from the rat, responded to β2‐agonists with 10–50‐fold increases in intracellular cyclic AMP level. This increase was inhibited by the β‐adrenergic antagonist propranolol. In contrast, a central nerve tract, the corpus callosum, responded to isoproterenol with only a minimal one‐ to twofold increase in cyclic AMP level. These studies demonstrate that peripheral nerves have β2‐adrenergic receptors that are responsive to exogenously applied catecholamines and suggest a role for these ligands in the previously described modulation of axonal conduction.
A New Modeling Approach for Spatial Prediction of Flash Flood with Biogeography Optimized CHAID Tree Ensemble and Remote Sensing Data

Flash floods induced by torrential rainfalls are considered one of the most dangerous natural hazards, due to their sudden occurrence and high magnitudes, which may cause huge damage to people and properties. This study proposed a novel modeling approach for spatial prediction of flash floods based on the tree intelligence-based CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector)random subspace, optimized by biogeography-based optimization (the CHAID-RS-BBO model), using remote sensing and geospatial data. In this proposed approach, a forest of tree intelligence was constructed through the random subspace ensemble, and, then, the swarm intelligence was employed to train and optimize the model. The Luc Yen district, located in the northwest mountainous area of Vietnam, was selected as a case study. For this circumstance, a flood inventory map with 1866 polygons for the district was prepared based on Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and field surveys with handheld GPS. Then, a geospatial database with ten influencing variables (land use/land cover, soil type, lithology, river density, rainfall, topographic wetness index, elevation, slope, curvature, and aspect) was prepared. Using the inventory map and the ten explanatory variables, the CHAID-RS-BBO model was trained and verified. Various statistical metrics were used to assess the prediction capability of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed CHAID-RS-BBO model yielded the highest predictive performance, with an overall accuracy of 90% in predicting flash floods, and outperformed benchmarks (i.e., the CHAID, the J48-DT, the logistic regression, and the multilayer perception neural network (MLP-NN) models). We conclude that the proposed method can accurately estimate the spatial prediction of flash floods in tropical storm areas.
Genetics of aluminum-induced callose formation in maize roots, a selection trait for aluminum resistance

Acid soils and associated aluminum toxicity could limit maize (Zea mays L.) production on more than 3950 million hectares worldwide. Callose formation in root tips is a reliable indicator of Al-induced cell damage. We studied the modes of gene action determining callose formation in root tips using two diallel mating experiments involving a total of 33 maize inbred lines grown in 25 μM Al nutrient solution. Highly significant differences were found among parents, crosses, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, and for the contrast of parents vs. crosses in both diallel experiments. These results indicate that additive and nonadditive gene effects were important in the expression of callose content.
LEUKEMIA STEM CELLS: STUDYING THE ROOT OF LEUKEMIA

A fundamental problem in cancer research is the identification of the cell type capable of initiating and sustaining the growth of the neoplastic clone in vivo. The key to solving this problem lies on the observation made over 40 years ago that tumors are heterogeneous and thus might be maintained only by a rare subset of cells called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs). However, the proof of this principle was only possible after the development of modern research tools for investigating the behavior of defined cell populations in vivo. The blood-related cancer leukemia was the first disease where human CSCs, or leukemic stem cells (LSCs), were isolated. The development of quantitative xenotransplantation assays using immune-deficient mouse recipients to detect primitive human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with in vivo repopulating ability and the adaptation of this model to leukemia have been instrumental. Leukemia can now be viewed as aberrant hematopoietic processes initiated by rare LSCs that have maintained or reacquired the capacity for indefinite proliferation through accumulated mutations and/or epigenetic changes. Yet, despite their critical importance, much remains to be learned about the developmental origin of LSC and the mechanisms responsible for their emergence in the course of the disease. This report will review our current knowledge on normal and leukemic stem cell development and finally demonstrate how these discoveries provide a paradigm for identification of CSCs from solid tumors. By a careful comparative analysis of the properties of CSCs and of their normal counterparts, it should be possible to pinpoint critical features amenable to efficient anti-CSC therapies.
Novel Semi-Supervised Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on a Superpixel Graph and Discrete Potential Method

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification plays an important role in the automatic interpretation of the remotely sensed data. However, it is a non-trivial task to classify HSI accurately and rapidly due to its characteristics of having a large amount of data and massive noise points. To address this problem, in this work, a novel, semi-supervised, superpixel-level classification method for an HSI was proposed based on a graph and discrete potential (SSC-GDP). The key idea of the proposed scheme is the construction of the weighted connectivity graph and the division of the weighted graph. Based on the superpixel segmentation, a weighted connectivity graph is constructed usingthe weighted connection between a superpixel and its spatial neighbors. The generated graph is then divided into different communities/sub-graphs by using a discrete potential and the improved semi-supervised Wu–Huberman (ISWH) algorithm. Each community in the weighted connectivity graph represents a class in the HSI. The local connection strategy, together with the linear complexity of the ISWH algorithm, ensures the fast implementation of the suggested SSC-GDP method. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed spectral–spatial method, two public benchmarks, Indian Pines and Salinas, were utilized to test the performance of our proposal. The comparative test results confirmed that the proposed method was superior to several other state-of-the-art methods.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Cultivars Exhibiting Tolerance to the Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis)

A field study was conducted over a two-year period (2006-2007) at the Delta Research and Extension Center, Stoneville, MS, USA to screen selected entries in the 2006 Mississippi Cotton Variety Trials for tolerance to the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). Trials were conducted in nonirrigated fields with primarily sandy loam soils. Though some variability was noted between test locations and years, six of 13 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars tested were considered tolerant to the reniform nematode: “Cropland Genetics 3520 B2RF,” “DynaGrow 2520 B2RF,” “Stoneville 5242 BR,” “Stoneville 5599 BR,” “Deltapine 488 BG/RR,” and “Fibermax 960 B2R. ” Of these, the first three exhibited yields similar to the productive cultivar “Deltapine 445 BG/RR” in all environments. Though they will not suppress the reniform nematode population, these cultivars can help reduce economic losses attributed to this pathogen in the Midsouth region of the USA.
Control of the blue-green sharpshooter and effects on the spread of Pierce's disease of grapevines.

Dilute sprays of dimethoate applied at 1.8 to 2.5 kg AI/ha to peripheral strips of natural vegetation and to adjacent grapevines on the margins of vineyards in Napa Valley, CA, in early spring in 1974–76 greatly reduced the numbers of the Pierce’s disease (PD) vectors, Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret), entering vineyards for 2 mo. Applications were timed to follow a sharp increase in G. atropunctata flight activity as estimated by yellow sticky trap catches. Reductions in the rate of spread of PD were generally apparent one year after spraying in moderately susceptible grape varieties. No decrease in the spread of PD was evident in the very susceptible varieties ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Pinot Chardonnay. ’
Automated chemical analysis in fish health assessment.

Before and after application of severe, debilitating stress, automated chemical analysis was applied to the skin mucus and the serum of four subsistence fish species: Chanos chanos, Mugil cephalus, Sarotherodon macrochir and S. mossambicus. Certain tests were found to reflect the stress effects. Future use of these tests may be on an individual, less expensive basis. Greater use of mucus for analysis is suggested because it is more accessible and less traumatically obtained than blood.