Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical requirements of smart electric power distribution networks in the UK

The UK is striving to make the transition to a low carbon economy, whilst securing sustainable energy supplies for consumers for a future in which fossil fuel natural resources are not guaranteed. Transforming the UK distribution networks using a Smart Grid concept is seen as one of the means to satisfy the future energy requirements of the UK. The Smart Grid concept is ambiguous and much debated globally and its interpretations vary. This paper explores the technical requirements of a UK Smart Grid. Options and considerations are then reviewed for meeting the basic functional requirements of adopting the Smart Grid concept.
Evation of High-Mobility Group Box 1 after Clinical Autologous Islet Transplantation and Its Inverse Correlation with Outcomes

A major problem after clinical autologous islet transplantation (AIT) is the difficulty in achieving insulin independence. To follow up on our demonstration in a murine model that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was released from islets and involved in early loss of transplanted islets, we tested the role of HMGB1 in clinical AIT. Serum HMGB1 levels from 15 AIT patients were significantly elevated during islet infusion (7.6 ± 1.2 ng/ml) and 24 h after infusion (8.0 ± 1.4 ng/ml) compared to admission levels (2.4 ± 0.6 ng/ml). The first elevation of HMGB1 was associated with islet damage, but the later elevation was not. The change in the HMGB1 level from admission to first peak (ΔHMGB1) was significantly higher in the AIT group (8.1 ± 1.1 ng/ml) than in the pancreatectomy-only control (2.2 ± 0.5 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). Circulating serum levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) were also elevated during islet infusion. In vitro studies demonstrated that damaged human islets released HMGB1 but not sRAGE. In terms of outcomes, the insulin-free group showed significantly lower ΔHMGB1 (5.2 ± 0.6 ng/ml) and higher ΔsRAGE (2.3 ± 0.6 ng/ml) than the insulin-dependent group (10.6 ± 1.9 ng/ml and 0.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml, respectively). The ΔHMGB1 correlated with the number of white blood cell, IP-10, EGF, and eotaxin. In conclusion, serum HMGB1 was elevated in AIT and could be associated with inflammatory reactions that deteriorate islet engraftment. Therefore, anti-HMGB1 therapy might be a candidate for further improving the outcomes of clinical AIT.
The decoding region of 16S RNA; a cross‐linking study of the ribosomal A, P and E sites using tRNA derivatized at position 32 in the anticodon loop.

A photo‐reactive diazirine derivative was attached to the 2‐thiocytidine residue at position 32 of tRNA(Arg)I from Escherichia coli. This modified tRNA was bound under suitable conditions to the A, P or E site of E.coli ribosomes. After photo‐activation of the diazirine label, the sites of cross‐linking to 16S rRNA were identified by our standard procedures. Each of the three tRNA binding sites showed a characteristic pattern of cross‐linking. From tRNA at the A site, a major cross‐link was observed to position 1378 of the 16S RNA, and a minor one to position 936. From the P site, there were major cross‐links to positions 693 and to 957 and/or 966, as well as a minor cross‐link to position 1338. The E site bound tRNA showed major cross‐links to position 693 (identical to that from the P site) and to positions 1376/1378 (similar, but not identical, to the cross‐link observed from the A site). Immunological analysis of the concomitantly cross‐linked ribosomal proteins indicated that S7 was the major target of cross‐linking from all three tRNA sites, with S11 as a minor product. The results are discussed in terms of the overall topography of the decoding region of the 30S ribosomal subunit.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF TWO-PHASE OLIVE MILL WASTE ON BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN OLIVE GROVE SOIL

López-Piñeiro A. , Peña D. , Albarrán A. , Nunes J.M. , Cabrera D. Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas S/N, 06071, Badajoz, Spain. Tel:+34924289355. pineiro@unex.es Área de Producción Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra. de Cáceres, 06071 Badajoz, Spain Escola Superior Agraria de Elvas, Apartado 254, 7350 Elvas, Portugal
Credibility in social media: opinions, news, and health information—a survey

In the Social Web scenario, where large amounts of User Generated Content diffuse through Social Media, the risk of running into misinformation is not negligible. For this reason, assessing and mining the credibility of both sources of information and information itself constitute nowadays a fundamental issue. Credibility, also referred as believability, is a quality perceived by individuals, who are not always able to discern with their cognitive capacities genuine information from the fake one. For this reason, in the recent years several approaches have been proposed to automatically assess credibility in Social Media. Most of them are based on data‐driven models, i.e., they employ machine‐learning techniques to identify misinformation, but recently also model‐driven approaches are emerging, as well as graph‐based approaches focusing on credibility propagation. Since multiple social applications have been developed for different aims and in different contexts, several solutions have been considered to address the issue of credibility assessment in Social Media. Three of the main tasks facing this issue and considered in this article concern: (1) the detection of opinion spam in review sites, (2) the detection of fake news and spam in microblogging, and (3) the credibility assessment of online health information. Despite the high number of interesting solutions proposed in the literature to tackle the above three tasks, some issues remain unsolved; they mainly concern both the absence of predefined benchmarks and gold standard datasets, and the difficulty of collecting and mining large amount of data, which has not yet received the attention it deserves. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1209. doi: 10.1002/widm.1209
Una estrategia de enseñanza - aprendizaje centrada en el alumno

Este trabajo muestra una actividad desarrollada por investigadores en didactica que se puede aplicar en el aula, con algunas alternativas desde el punto de vista del aprendizaje colaborativo. Nos referimos a la metodologia de Tutoriales para Fisica Introductoria desarrollada por el Grupo de Educacion de la Fisica (que dirige Lillian Mc. Dermott) para los cursos introductorios de fisica que se dictan en la Universidad de Washington en Seattle (USA). Esta actividad esta basada en un extenso trabajo sobre las dificultades caracteristicas de aprendizaje de los diversos temas de la fisica general y el consecuente desarrollo de actividades (Tutoriales) para ayudar a los alumnos a vencer los distintos obstaculos de aprendizaje.
An Efficient Analysis of Thin-Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators Using FDTD Method with ADI Time-Marching Scheme

For an efficient time-domain modeling of thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonators (TFBARs), a unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain method based on the alternating direction implicit scheme (ADI-FDTD) is introduced to the analysis of a typical TFBAR structure. Because the time step size in ADI-FDTD is free from the stability constraint, this method is very useful to analyze electromechanical phenomena of TFBARs having fine geometrical variations, which is a challenging problem to conventional FDTD modeling. To validate the proposed scheme, the impedance characteristics are obtained by the proposed method and compared with the traditional FDTD results and the analytical solutions.
Structural analysis of Bacillus subtilis 168 endospore peptidoglycan and its role during differentiation

The structure of the endospore cell wall peptidoglycan of Bacillus subtilis has been examined. Spore peptidoglycan was produced by the development of a method based on chemical permeabilization of the spore coats and enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan. The resulting muropeptides which were >97% pure were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, amino acid analysis, and mass spectrometry. This revealed that 49% of the muramic acid residues in the glycan backbone were present in the delta-lactam form which occurred predominantly every second muramic acid. The glycosidic bonds adjacent to the muramic acid delta-lactam residues were resistant to the action of muramidases. Of the muramic acid residues, 25.7 and 23.3% were substituted with a tetrapeptide and a single L-alanine, respectively. Only 2% of the muramic acids had tripeptide side chains and may constitute the primordial cell wall, the remainder of the peptidoglycan being spore cortex. The spore peptidoglycan is very loosely cross-linked at only 2.9% of the muramic acid residues, a figure approximately 11-fold less than that of the vegetative cell wall. The peptidoglycan from strain AA110 (dacB) had fivefold-greater cross-linking (14.4%) than the wild type and an altered ratio of muramic acid substituents having 37.0, 46.3, and 12.3% delta-lactam, tetrapeptide, and single L-alanine, respectively. This suggests a role for the DacB protein (penicillin-binding protein 5*) in cortex biosynthesis. The sporulation-specific putative peptidoglycan hydrolase CwlD plays a pivotal role in the establishment of the mature spore cortex structure since strain AA107 (cwlD) has spore peptidoglycan which is completely devoid of muramic acid delta-lactam residues. Despite this drastic change in peptidoglycan structure, the spores are still stable but are unable to germinate. The role of delta-lactam and other spore peptidoglycan structural features in the maintenance of dormancy, heat resistance, and germination is discussed.
Learning event count models with application to affiliation ranking

Event count prediction is a class of problems in time series analysis, which has been extensively studied over the years. Its applications range from the prediction of the number of publications in the scientific community to ATM cash withdrawal transaction prediction in the banking industry. However, in applied data science problems, using event count prediction models for real-world data often faces difficulties because the data violates not only the Poisson distribution assumption, i.e., the rate at which events occur should be constant, but the data is also relatively sparse, i.e., only a few event count values are greater than zero. Traditional techniques do not work well under these two conditions. To overcome these limitations, some researchers have proposed the generic autoregressive (AR) models for event count prediction, which work with non-constant event occurrence rates. As AR models solely use historical event count for forecasting, they might not be as flexible for incorporating domain knowledge. Moreover, and similarly, AR models may not work very well with the relatively short length-time series. In order to overcome these challenges, we propose a machine learning approach to address the event count prediction problem. We benchmark our proposed solution on the KDD Cup 2016 dataset by formalizing affiliation ranking as an event count time series prediction problem. We map the time series onto a highly dimensional state space and systematically apply the state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms to predict event counts. We then compare our proposed approach against solutions in the KDD Cup 2016 competition and show that our work outperforms the best models in this with an [email protected] score of 0.7573.
Does Myelin Play the Leading Role in AlzheimerÃ¢ÂÂs Disease Pathology?

Although Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been mainly considered as a grey matter disorder, there is emerging evidence that myelin impairment may play an important role in AD pathology. These data come from animal neuropathological studies, but also from human pathological, biochemical and brain MRI studies. Classical neuropathological changes in AD such as the accumulation of aggregated As 42 and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles are responsible for neuronall loss, but they may also induce death of oligodendrocytes and myelin impairment. Accelerated deposition of As in brains of AD patients induces damage to oligodendrocytes and results in impaired myelin production. What is more interesting, there is also evidence that myelin pathology may precede As and tau pathologies in AD. Recent studies suggest that As and tau proteins may be by-products of myelin repair in AD, instead of being the primary underlying cause of dementia. This seems possible, considering the fact that attempts to control clinical symtomps of AD by removing As from the human brain have been unsuccesful. In this article, current knowledge on the place of myelin in AD pathology and its interactions with As and tau pathology is reviewed.
Biometric database for human gait recognition using wearable sensors and a smartphone

This paper presents a multi-model biometric authentication database for human gait recognition. In contrast to the most known database available in literature that uses either machine vision, floor sensor based or wearable sensor techniques, we developed a public multi-model biometric database for human gait using wearable sensors and smartphone. Human gait data characteristics were recorded for 50 subjects (37 males and 13 females) of age range varying from 14 to 52 years old. Experimental gait data recording was collected using five wearable shimmer sensor modules that were attached to various locations on human body) in addition to a Samsung Galaxy Note Smartphone (with built-in accelerometer and gyroscope sensors) held in hand. Different walking scenarios like slow, normal and fast walk, in addition to multiple co-variables such as age, weight, and height were investigated. Equal Error Rate (EER) in different walking scenarios ranged from 0.17% to 2.27% for the five wearable sensors at different locations, where as EER results of smartphone data ranged from 1.23% to 4.07%. Average Genuine Reject Rate (GRR) of sensors located at the leg, pocket and hand decreased with the increase of age group, while it did not follow any trend for sensors located at the upper pocket and in the bag. Moreover GRR results on all sensors show no significance regarding height or weight variations.
Gelatinase B is diabetogenic in acute and chronic pancreatitis by cleaving insulin

Genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors contribute to the development of diabetes. Much information has been gathered on the homeostasis mechanisms of glucose regulation by insulin‐producing pancreatic β cells. Here we demonstrate high expression levels of gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase‐9, MMP‐9) by neutrophils in acute pancreatitis and by ductular epithelial cells in chronic pancreatitis. Because gelatinase B processes cytokines and chemokines, we investigated whether and how gelatinase B cleaves insulin. Pure human neutrophil gelatinase B was found to destroy insulin by cleavage at 10 sites. Pancreatic islet and ductular cells are relatively spared in comparison with the complete destruction of acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas in chronic pancreatitis. High expression levels of gelatinase B are maintained in the immediate proximity of insulin‐secreting β cells. Consequently, diabetes may be worsened by enzymatic degradation of insulin by gelatinase B and by the consequent enhancement of the autoimmune process. Gelatinase B is diabetogenic in acute and chronic pancreatitis by cleaving insulin.
State of the Art of Dental Adhesive Systems.

BACKGROUND The large dependence on a dental substrate type to bond strength has leveraged the research on materials and techniques that perform different clinical behavior, promoting a stable bonding over time. Bonding to tooth structure has different clinical behaviors and is dependent on several factors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to reflect on the state of the art of adhesive systems after the emergence of Buonocore's experiments in current days. METHODS An electronic search was conducted on PubMed databases and supplemented with a manual study of relevant references. RESULTS The choice of the ideal adhesive system remains under discussion, housing a range of studies that highlight its potential characteristics, suggesting techniques that enable improvement to boost clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION It is important to know all different types of adhesive systems, as well as their indications and limitations. An attentive consideration of several factors is crucial to achieve clinical success on the restorative procedures.
Aortic compliance in hypercholesterolemic Watanabe rabbits compared to normal New Zealand controls.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that severe atherosclerosis changes aortic compliance. Compliance of a vessel is defined as change in volume per unit change in pressure and is a measure of the stiffness or distensibility of the vascular wall. Part of the energy delivered by the left ventricle in systole is used to propel the blood forward into the aorta and part of it to distend the aorta and major vessels. During diastole, the arterial walls recoil and provide energy for propulsion of blood, thereby making blood flow continuous. It is known that Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic rabbits develop severe atherosclerosis beginning at 6 months of age. Compliance of the ascending thoracic aorta was studied angiographically in eight Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic rabbits of ages greater than 6 months and six normal lipidemic New Zealand white rabbits of ages greater than 6 months, used as controls. The normal New Zealand white rabbits had an average blood cholesterol of 27.4 mg/dL, SD = 13.8, and a regional compliance in the ascending aorta of 0.004 mL/mm Hg, SD = 0.002, compared to the Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic rabbits with a cholesterol of 583.1 mg/dL, SD = 162.7, and a compliance of 0.0022 mL/mm Hg, SD = 0.0015. These are significant differences (p less than .05). In addition, the histopathology of the aorta of the Watanabe hyperlipidemic rabbit compared to that of the controls showed a significant decrease in the number of medial lamellar elastin units, an indicator of the decreased elasticity of the blood vessel wall.
Multiple roles for RhoA during T cell transendothelial migration

T cells need to cross endothelial barriers during immune surveillance and inflammation. This involves T-cell adhesion to the endothelium followed by polarization and crawling with a lamellipodium at the front and contractile uropod at the back. T cells subsequently extend lamellipodia and filopodia under the endothelium in order to transmigrate. Rho GTPases play key roles in cell migration by regulating cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. We have found that the Rho GTPase RhoA is required for efficient T-cell polarization and migration on endothelial cells as well as transendothelial migration. RhoA-depleted cells lack both lamellipodia and uropods, and instead have narrow protrusions extending from a rounded cell body. Using a RhoA activity biosensor, we have shown that RhoA is active at the leading edge in lamellipodia and filopodia of crawling and transmigrating T cells, as well as in the uropod. In lamellipodia, its activity correlates with both protrusion and retraction. We predict that RhoA signals via the formin mDIA1 during lamellipodial protrusion whereas it induces lamellipodial retraction via the kinase ROCK and actomyosin contractility. We propose that different guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are responsible for coordinating RhoA activation and signalling in different regions of transmigrating T cells.
Collaborative 'many to many' DDoS detection in cloud

Cloud computing provides a scalable and cost-effective environment for users to store and process data through the internet. However, it also causes distributed denial-of-service DDoS attacks. DDoS attacks risk systems outage and intend to disable the service to legitimate users. In this paper, due to the nature of its large-scale and coordinated attacks, we propose a collaborative prediction approach for detecting DDoS. Our approach provides a clean and direct solution to attack defense. The DDoS attacks follow certain patterns when employing a large number of compromised machines to request for service from the servers in the victim system. So we construct an attacker-server utility matrix by the number of packets and adopt matrix factorisation to detect potential attackers collaboratively. We derive the latent attacker vectors and latent server vectors to predict the unknown entries in the matrix. Experimental results on the NS-2 simulation networks demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
Quasi-Coaxial Vertical via Transitions for 3-D Packages Using Anodized Aluminum Substrates

This letter reports on the use of quasi-coaxial vertical via transitions fabricated with a selectively anodized aluminum substrate for 3-D packages to evaluate high frequency performances. The proposed method of fabricating quasi-coaxial vertical via transitions is easier and more cost-effective than other RF MEMS processes. Vertical interconnects with embedded anodized aluminum vias are first designed and fabricated. The optimized interconnect structure demonstrated RF characteristics with an insertion loss of less than 0.75 dB and a return loss of greater than 12.4 dB over a broad bandwidth ranging from 0.1 to 10 GHz. The experimental results suggest that the developed fabrication method, which is based on the use of a selectively anodized aluminum substrate, can be used in reasonable 3-D interconnect solutions.
Na+-independent nucleoside transporters regulate adenosine and hypoxanthine levels in Müller cells and the inner blood-retinal barrier.

PURPOSE To elucidate the mechanism(s) of hypoxanthine production in Müller cells and the elimination of hypoxanthine across the inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB). METHODS The hypoxanthine biosynthesis and adenosine transport in Müller cells were investigated using a conditionally immortalized rat Müller cell line, TR-MUL5 cells. The elimination of hypoxanthine across the inner BRB was assessed by an in vivo microdialysis method and an in vitro transport study using a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line, TR-iBRB2 cells. RESULTS [(3)H]Hypoxanthine was detected in TR-MUL5 cells and TR-MUL5 cell-cultured medium 3 hours after [(3)H]adenosine incubation, indicating that the hypoxanthine is produced in TR-MUL5 cells. [(3)H]Adenosine was taken up into TR-MUL5 cells, which express mRNAs of nucleoside transporters (ENT1-2 and CNT1-2), in an Na(+)-independent and concentration-dependent manner (Km = 20 μM). Moreover, 100 μM nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR) and azidothymidine, which are inhibitors of ENT2, inhibited [(3)H]adenosine uptake, suggesting that ENT2 is a major contributor to adenosine transport in Müller cells. [(3)H]Hypoxanthine was eliminated from the rat vitreous humor and this process was inhibited in the presence of NBMPR. [(3)H]Hypoxanthine uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells took place in an Na(+)-independent and concentration-dependent manner with Km values of 4.3 μM and 2.9 mM, and was inhibited by 100 μM NBMPR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that hypoxanthine is produced from adenosine in Müller cells and ENT2 plays a major role in adenosine uptake in Müller cells. Hypoxanthine in the retina is eliminated via Na(+)-independent equilibrative nucleoside transporters.