Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parafoveal versus foveal processing of morphologically complex (prefixed) words

PARAFOVEAL VERSUS FOVEAL PROCESSING OF MORPHOLOGICALLY COMPLEX (PREFIXED) WORDS SEPTEMBER 2001 GRETCHEN KAMBE B.A. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO M.S. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST PH.D. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST Directed by: Professor Keith Rayner Three experiments investigated whether morphological constituents influence word processing during reading. Individuals read sentences containing free stem, bound stern, and pseudoprefixed words. In Experiments 1 and 2, a parafoveal display change manipulation indicated that the morphological constituents of a prefixed word are not available for preprocessing in the parafovea as reading times on the target word did not differ for prefixed versus pseudo-prefixed words. Interestingly, parafoveal preview of word initial and word final letters resulted in an equivalent amount orthographic facilitation for all word types. In Experiment 3, a fast priming manipulation indicated that morphological priming effects for prefixed words are obscured during sentence processing. However, the form of the prime did facilitate subsequent word processing for all three word types. The results suggest that English prefixed words are accessed via their whole word form, as there was no evidence of morphological decomposition for prefixed words during sentence processing.
An ontological formalisation of the planning task

In this paper we propose a generic task ontology, which formalizes the space of planning problems. Although planning is one of the oldest researched areas in Artificial Intelligence and attempts have been made in the past at developing task ontologies for planning, these formalizations suffer from serious limitations: they do not exhibit the required level of formalization and precision and they usually fail to include some of the key concepts required for specifying planning problems. In con-trast with earlier proposals, our task ontology formalizes the nature of the planning task independently of any planning paradigm, specific domains, or applications and provides a fine-grained, precise and comprehensive characterization of the space of planning problems. Finally, in addition to producing a formal specification we have also operationalized the ontology into a set of executable definitions, which provide a concrete reusable resource for knowledge acquisition and system development in planning applications.
Notice of Retraction Study on Impact of Small and Medium Board Listed Companies Performance before and after Non-Tradable Share Reform------ An Empirical Study of Chinese Listed Companies

It has caused a wider concern that what kind of influence has had on the performance of the company after the Non-tradable share reform. This paper takes 50 small and medium-sized board listed Companies companies as samples that had non-tradable share reformed in 2005, test the range of 5 years before and after the non-tradable share reform, and inspect the company's stock performance impact before and after the reform. The results showed that: non-tradable share reform has made the overall performance of small and medium-size board company generally showing the characters that rising at first and falling later. Specifically, There was a marked drop in the short-term (the current year and the first year of non-tradable share reform ) , and then (after the share reform next year, the third year) has been gradually increasing.
A multimedia distance learning system on the Internet

The recent emergence of the World Wide Web (WWW) and Internet has changed the study life of many people. Online learning through the WWW will become popular in the next decade. In this paper, we introduce a multimedia distance learning tool which enables online education through the Internet. Learn@Net is a server-based distance learning system which is designed to provide centralized, flexible control and easy administration of online distance learning applications. It relies on an open architecture based on TCP/IP, HTML, Java and SQL. Its functions include a virtual classroom, an assignment handler, a course material browser, a discussion forum and an online chat room, so as to facilitate both online teaching and online learning through the WWW.
Simulación del estándar de televisión digital ISDB-Tb basado en un esquema de modulación/demodulación OFDM implementado en Matlab-Simulink

El presente articulo contempla la implementacion y simulacion de un sistema de modulacion y demodulacion OFDM, bajo los parametros que define el estandar de Television Digital ISDB-Tb. El estudio se enfocara desde la generacion de los bits correspondientes al flujo de datos BTS (posterior a la codificacion y compresion MPEG-2), abarcando bloques de codificacion de canal, modulacion I/Q, entramado, uso de la IFFT/FFT, insercion y extraccion del prefijo ciclico y AGC para combatir efectos de multipaso. El canal a usar simula las condiciones inalambricas de un medio multitrayectoria, sumadas a una perdida de paso de FSL y a un canal AWGN. Los analisis de los resultados se los realizan en funcion de las variaciones de los parametros de configuracion: esquema de modulacion (DQPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM y 64 QAM); variacion de codificacion de canal e intervalos de guarda. Cada uno de ellos en funcion de un modo del sistema (2K, 4K y 8K). Se apreciara el espectro de transmision y recepcion; curvas de BER vs. SNR, para efectos de analisis. Todas las simulaciones y resultados, se efectuaron sobre el entorno de desarrollo que ofrece MATLAB-SIMULINK.
The use of the TWiki Web in ATLAS

The ATLAS Experiment, with over 2000 collaborators, needs efficient and effective means of communicating information. The Collaboration has been using the TWiki Web at CERN for over three years and now has more than 7000 web pages, some of which are protected. This number greatly exceeds the number of "static" HTML pages, and in the last year, there has been a significant migration to the TWiki. The TWiki is one example of the many different types of Wiki web which exist. In this paper, a description is given of the ATLAS TWiki at CERN. The tools used by the Collaboration to manage the TWiki are described and some of the problems encountered explained. A very useful development has been the creation of a set of Workbooks (Users' Guides) – these have benefitted from the TWiki environment and, in particular, a tool to extract pdf from the associated pages.
Simultaneous Classification of Multiple Motor Imagery and P300 for Increase in Output Information of Brain-Computer Interface

The brain-computer interface BCI is a system to obtain information from brain signals to control computers. P300 and motor imagery tasks in electroencephalograms are the most used features for BCI. However, BCI with P300 classifies only two states and the features of the motor imagery task are too obscure to be classified easily. Therefore, we propose a method of increasing the number of classified states with high accuracy by mixed signal processing for P300 and motor imagery tasks. BCI using P300 and a motor imagery task will have a higher bit rate than conventional BCI. We design an experiment that gives four data classes, namely, control, P300, and P300 for motor imagery of the right hand or left hand. First, we confirm that P300 appears during motor imagery tasks. In addition, we investigate the best method of feature extraction. Finally, we classify four classes by means of multiclass support vector machines, and show the effectiveness of mixed signals that contain P300 and motor imagery.
Office Review: Managing successful change in an overwork culture

Taylor and Francis PSP_A_295896. gm 10.1080/13603100801957301 Perspectives 360-3108 (pri t)/1460-7018 (online) 2 08 & Francis 0 002008 Introduction The increase in student numbers and the decline in the average unit of resource since the 1990s (Palfreyman 2007: 71) together with the changes brought about by rising student expectations are familiar circumstances to anyone working in higher education. The authors perceive this as part of the move towards a consumer culture in the public sector (Bunting 2005). This paper gives an account of how the effect of these pressures contributed to a crisis in an administrative office in one university and how improvements were implemented. We argue that the administrative problems were attributable to the inability of office work organisation to cope with the growth. The intolerable pressure on staff was the primary factor motivating a review of work organisation and, in particular, we review work culture problems and the issues of managing in a distributed university that impacted on this case study. The discussion draws on comments collected from administrators at a session at the 2007 AUA Annual Conference where the case study was presented, and highlights the shared issues in change management across the university sector.
Local Similarity based Document Layout Analysis using Improved ARLSA

In this paper, we propose an efficient document layout analysis algorithm that includes table detection. Typical methods of document layout analysis use the height and gap between words or columns. To correspond to the various styles and sizes of documents, we propose an algorithm that uses the mean value of the distance transform representing thickness and compare with components in the local area. With this algorithm, we combine a table detection algorithm using the same feature as that of the text classifier. Table candidates, separators, and big components are isolated from the image using Connected Component Analysis (CCA) and distance transform. The key idea of text classification is that the characteristics of the text parallel components that have a similar thickness and height. In order to estimate local similarity, we detect a text region using an adaptive searching window size. An improved adaptive run-length smoothing algorithm (ARLSA) was proposed to create the proper boundary of a text zone and non-text zone. Results from experiments on the ICDAR2009 page segmentation competition test set and our dataset demonstrate the superiority of our dataset through f-measure comparison with other algorithms.
Hill Climbing Approach for Text Binarization from Videos

Objectives: To develop presents an efficient algorithm for binarization of text from videos. However, it is a challenging and difficult task in image processing, due to their complicated background and non uniform character size. Method/Analysis: This study focuses a novel approach for binarization of text region from videos based on Hill climbing Algorithm. Symmetric filtering and graph cut algorithms are used to refine the obtained clusters. Finally, an optimal clustering selection algorithm is applied to obtain the text region. Findings: The experimental results show that the proposed text binarization technique is robust in text detection with various character size and complicated background. Data sets are taken from the You Tube Video Text (YVT) harvested from YouTube. Application: This proposed binarization technique is applicable to automated licence plate recognition system, especially to identify Indian vehicles licence plates.
Conversion system of monocular image sequence to stereo using motion parallax

A three-dimensional reconstruction system -- the 3DR system -- has been developed. The main feature of the 3DR system is that it converts monocular image sequences to stereoscopic ones. This provides the following advantages: (1) Stereoscopic images can be reproduced even from films taken in the past. (2) A compact 3D-scene capturing system using a monocular camera is realized. The key 3DR technology is depth sensing based on motion parallax. A novel technique for motion analysis is proposed where, according to classification of motion vectors using the stability and colinearity, an iterative operation is performed to obtain an accurate solution. Preliminary evaluations have shown that not only was the motion parallax analyzed very accurately but also stereoscopic images of high quality were generated.
Improvement of robot control by neural computers

Currently available robot control systems have various limitations in comparison to biological motor systems partly due to a lack of a general control theory for robots in a dynamic environment and partly due to the real-time challenge for conventional computers. The authors review current approaches to (1) speeding up the neural computation by means of adaptive load distribution on massively parallel computers and (2) the design of adaptive neural net modules for path planning, obstacle avoidance, inverse kinematics, system identification, and dynamic control of robot manipulators. <<ETX>>
Measure of inconsistency and its application to multi-objective control

In this paper, a design scheme suitable for the multiobjective fuzzy control problem is proposed based on a newly defined measure of inconsistency. For this purpose, the existing definition is critically examined and then a new definition is proposed. Finally, it is shown that the indices can be adopted as certainty factors for the rule base and that by means of a simple experiment, the proposed method is proven to be effective in comparison with the previous methods.
Neural Network Control and Wireless Sensor Network-based Localization of Quadrotor UAV Formations

In recent years, quadrotor helicopters have become a popular unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform, and their control has been undertaken by many researchers (Dierks & Jagannathan, 2008). However, a team of UAV’s working together is often more effective than a single UAV in scenarios like surveillance, search and rescue, and perimeter security. Therefore, the formation control of UAV’s has been proposed in the literature. Saffarian and Fahimi present a modified leader-follower framework and propose a model predictive nonlinear control algorithm to achieve the formation (Saffarian & Fahimi, 2008). Although the approach is verified via numerical simulations, proof of convergence and stability is not provided. In the work of Fierro et al., cylindrical coordinates and contributions from wheeled mobile robot formation control (Desai et al., 1998) are considered in the development of a leader-follower based formation control scheme for aircrafts whereas the complete dynamics are assumed to be known (Fierro et al., 2001). The work by Gu et al. proposes a solution to the leader-follower formation control problem involving a linear inner loop and nonlinear outer-loop control structure, and experimental results are provided (Gu et al., 2006). The associated drawbacks are the need for a dynamic model and the measured position and velocity of the leader has to be communicated to its followers. Xie et al. present two nonlinear robust formation controllers for UAV’s where the UAV’s are assumed to be flying at a constant altitude. The first approach assumes that the velocities and accelerations of the leader UAV are known while the second approach relaxes this assumption (Xie et al., 2005). In both the designs, the dynamics of the UAV’s are assumed to be available. Then, Galzi and Shtessel propose a robust formation controller based on higher order sliding mode controllers in the presence of bounded disturbances (Galzi & Shtessel, 2006). In this work, we propose a new leader-follower formation control framework for quadrotor UAV’s based on spherical coordinates where the desired position of a follower UAV is specified using a desired separation, d s , and a desiredangle of incidence, d α and bearing,
IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE SYSTEM FOR CONSISTENT DATA VERIFICATION

The environment of cloud computing has developed into an essential subject in quite a lot of areas. The distributed storage as well as integrity checking is necessary for a common situation, when client build up his information on the servers of multi-cloud. Procedure of integrity checking has to be practical to make it appropriate in support of capacity-limited end devices thus, based on distributed computation, we will learn distributed model of remote data integrity checking and put forward the corresponding concrete procedure in multi-cloud storage. Hence in our work we initiate novel confirmation model of remote data integrity known identity-based distributed provable data possession within multi-cloud storage. A concrete identity-based protocol of distributed provable data possession protocol is considered based on bilinear pairings. On the basis of client’s authorization, proposed procedure can understand private verification, delegated verification as well as public verification. The projected method is provably resourceful and protected. Besides structural advantage of elimination of certificate management, identity-based protocol of distributed provable data possession is additionally proficient and flexible. To enhance the efficacy, identity-based provable data possession is more striking and thus, more helpful to study.
Una Aproximación al Interruptor del Sueño Mediante Spiking Neural P Systems

Los Spiking Neural P systems son una variante de la computacion con membranas que trata de incorporar ideas de los sistemas denominados biologicamente como spiking neurons en el campo computacional. Su objetivo es disponer de un sistema de membranas de tipo neuronal, con un solo tipo de objeto en las celulas (el spike o potencial de accion), con reglas especificas para evolucionar poblaciones de spikes y hacer uso del tiempo como soporte de la informacion. El proposito inicial de estos sistemas es incluir conceptos de la ciencia neuronal basada en potenciales de accion, con la intencion de comprobar sus posibilidades desde el punto de vista de la computacion, no para servir como modelos neurologicos. En este trabajo se propone una aproximacion en el sentido contrario: la aplicacion de estos sistemas a un fenomeno biologico bien estudiado, como son las oscilaciones entre los circuitos neuronales que producen el paso del sueno al despertar y viceversa.
Performance limitations in switched-capacitor filters

Switched-capacitor (SC) filters continue to improve in performance mainly through progress in the design of MOS operational amplifiers (op amps). Ultimate limits to achievable filter performance, however, stem from factors more fundamental than op amp nonidealities, factors independent of process and circuit improvements. This paper develops, from certain basic assumptions, ultimate limits on dynamic range, chip area, and power consumption in SC integrators and low-pass filters. For integrators, minimum area and power requirements are shown to vary as the square of desired dynamic range. Some physically realistic approximations lead to expressions relating filter area, power consumption, and dynamic range which involve only fundamental process parameters, supply voltage and filter cut-off frequency. Comparison with actual performance in typical commercially manufactured SC filters suggests that there is still a strong motivation in improving op amp specifications. A typical commercial fifth-order voiceband filter operating from a \pm 5-V supply with a dynamic range of 95 dB consumes approximately 5 mW and requires an area of approximately 5000 {mil}^{2} compared with the theoretical minima of 8.5 \mu W and 11.2 {mil}^{2} , respectively.
Sensitivity of trained neural networks with threshold functions

In this paper, we derive the sensitivity of single hidden-layer networks with threshold functions, called "Madaline", as a function of the trained weights, the input pattern, and the variance of weight perturbation or the bit error probability of the binary input pattern. The derived results are verified with a simulation of the Madaline recognizing handwritten digits. Our result show that the sensitivity in a trained network is far different from that of networks with random weights. <<ETX>>
Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Learning: Theoretical Basics and Experimental Evidence

Part 1: The Basics of Cognitive Linguistics 1. Introduction: Where Have We Been and Where Can We Go? 2. The Basics of Cognitive Linguistics Part 2: Applied Cognitive Linguistics 3. Cognitive Linguistics in the L2 Context 4. Applying Cognitive Linguistics to English Modal Verbs: Experimental Evidence 5. Applying Cognitive Linguistics to English Prepositions: Experimental Evidence 6. Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Clause Level Constructions: Experimental Evidence 7. Where We Are Now and Where We Might Go in the Future: Concluding Remarks
Verb guidance and other lexical effects in parsing

Abstract The process of sentence parsing is clearly influenced by the detailed information recovered from the lexicon for each successive word that appears in the sentence. This information may be used to guide or direct the assembly of new syntactic structures during the initial phases of parsing. Alternatively, it may be used to check or monitor the internal consistency of syntactic frameworks constructed on some other basis. This paper first describes a range of different models in each of these two categories and then reviews the empirical evidence bearing on the alternative models. Overall, it is concluded that current findings are most compatible with structure-checking models. The data are discussed in terms of a model based on a symbol-processing formalism (unification grammar) and the outline of a parser based on a connectionist processing system.
Uplink capacity of variable rate CDMA using antenna array

The uplink capacity of a variable rate CDMA system with antenna array at the base-station is studied. Presented is the performance analysis for two classes of users, i.e., mixture of data users and voice users defined by their bandwidth and fidelity requirements in a multicell CDMA cellular system. In this paper, the effect of path loss, Rayleigh fading, log-normal shadowing, together with multiple access interference and thermal noise are considered. Simulation results are also presented.
A Unified Codec Scheme for reduction of Area and Crosstalk in RC and RLC Modeled Interconnects using both Bus Encoding and Shielding Insertion Technique

This paper presents a unified codec scheme for reduction of area and crosstalk in RC and RLC modeled interconnects using both bus encoding and shielding insertion technique. It is based upon bus invert method and focuses on 4 bit coupled lines. Previously used codec scheme focused independently on either RC or RLC models and they considered coupling between 5 bit coupled lines i.e. 4 bit data lines and 1 bit control line. However, our proposed codec scheme focuses on all types of couplings i.e. Type-0 to Type-4 and demonstrates an overall reduction in area as well as crosstalk considering coupling between 4 bit coupled lines and isolating the control signal using redundant shielding thus reducing the cases of coupling drastically. The proposed work has been implemented using both Semi Custom and Full Custom design approaches. The model has been described, synthesized and simulated in hardware description language VHDL along with its FPGA implementation. The power consumption has been calculated using Xpower tool of Xilinx. Same model has also been implemented using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Suite in 0.18um CMOS technology and the corresponding power, delay and area has been computed. The proposed scheme demonstrates an overall reduction of 76.68% in crosstalk delay and 56.33% in chip area and transistor count. 79.58% power reduction is achieved in full-custom design implementation as compared to semi-custom design implementation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijece.v3i4. 3173