Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of native parasites against Agromyza frontella (Rondani) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), an introduced pest of alfalfa.

-Fourteen species of native parasites of the alfalfa blotch leaf miner, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), an introduced European pest, were recovered in the northeastern USA. Two additional species were recovered by cooperators in Canada. This complex of native parasites is poorly syn chronized with the first 2 generations of the host, which may therefore reach economic injury levels; however, it gives satisfactory control of the next 3 generations. Season-long parasitism averaged 36%, but only 2% of the host puparia were parasitized. European host puparia collected in 1976-77 and shipped to the USDA quarantine facility at Newark produced 7 parasite species with a combined parasitism of 25.5%. All 7 species have been in troduced in the USA. The alfalfa blotch leafminer (ABL), Agromyza frontella (Rondani), is a European species first reported in North America in Massachusetts in 1968 (Miller and Jensen, 1970). It has since spread throughout the northeastern states (Hendrickson and Barth, 1978a) and into the adjoining Canadian prov inces (Bereza, 1977). In North America, ABL is frequently an economic pest, though populations in Europe are usually held at low levels, with rare, localized outbreaks (Bollow, 1955). We therefore surveyed the native North American parasites of ABL to determine their effectiveness and their phenology in relation to the host. Such information was useful in selecting parasite species from a large Eu ropean complex, studied by personnel at the USDA European Parasite Lab oratory, Paris, France, for possible introduction into the USA. The order, family, and identifier of species mentioned in this paper are presented in Table 1. Sampling techniques. -Samples of 50 mined alfalfa leaflets, that is, leaf lets visibly mined by any of the 3 agromyzid species present on alfalfa in the survey area (Agromyzafrontella, Liriomyza trifoliearum, and Liriomyza trifolii) were collected randomly each week without regard for host species, instar, or condition of host from early May through November 1975 from each of 7 fields (1 at Newark, Del., 3 near Oxford, Pa., and 3 near Rancocas, N.J.). Collections were not made if the alfalfa was less than 12.7 cm (5 in.) high or bad weather interfered. The same procedure was followed in 1976 and 1977 except that in these years an additional field was surveyed in the This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.35 on Fri, 02 Sep 2016 04:14:11 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 86 NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Table 1. Order, family, and identifier of species mentioned in this paper.
Air-borne bacterial contaminations in two broiler hatcheries in the North-East of Algeria.

The presence of microorganisms in the hatchery is directly related to deficiencies in hygiene which can result in elevated first-week chick mortality and depressed growth rate. Bacteriological analyses of the air in two broiler hatcheries in the province of Constantine (North-East of Algeria) showed that their hygienic levels remain insufficient with high contamination rates and the presence of a large number of highly pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella spp, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
The threat of increasing hybridization of an endangered plant species, Purshia subintegra, in the Verde Valley, Arizona

The existence of the endangered shrub Purshia subintegra may be threatened by hybridization with the more common P. stansburiana. In the Verde Valley, the range of the rare P. subintegra overlaps with the range of P. stansburiana, allowing introgression to occur. Although P. subintegra and P. stansburiana have many distinguishing characteristics, there are plants in the Verde Valley that have a combination of characteristics, making them difficult to identify. Using discriminant function analysis, we found that the parents and introgressed forms had detectable morphological differences that could be used to classify individuals, but only to 87 percent accuracy. Examining phenological and ecological differences increased our ability to detect introgressed forms. Purshia subintegra, P. stansburiana, and the introgressed forms overlap in their time of flowering in the spring, but P. stansburiana and plants showing characteristics of introgression can also bloom again in the summer. Comparing the presence of both parents and the introgressed forms in the Verde Valley in undisturbed limestone soil, roadsides, and washes, we found a significant difference in the habitat distributions of P. subintegra, P. stansburiana, and introgressed forms. Purshia subintegra showed no habitat preference; however introgressed forms occurred more frequently along washes and roadsides than in undisturbed habitat and P. stansburiana occurred in washes and on undisturbed limestone soil, but not along roadsides. Increased road construction and human disturbance in the rare P. subintegra habitat may favor the spread of introgressed forms along roads and increase the likelihood of more introgression. This has grave implications for the conservation of this rare species.
Coupling between osteogenesis and angiogenesis

Recent progresses clear show that osteogenesis, which requires a coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis, is not a cell autonomous process. The new findings suggest that pericytes, arising from a vessel‐associated stem cell progenitor, represent an osteoprogenitor capable of bone formation in a “right” microenvironment. Second, hypoxia environment where bone cells are located greatly affect osteogenesis. Recent studies showed that hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), a transcriptional regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, represents rate‐limiting components of osteogenic‐angiogenic coupling and trabecular bone formation. Last but not the least, the bone does not have a lymphatic system to transport the excessive fluid back to the circulation system. Our studies using a scanning electronic microscope combining with a resin‐casted‐acid etching method reveal that the entire blood vessel system in bone, including arterioles, venules and capillaries are connected with dendritic osteocytes. We propose that osteo‐canalicular system, in addition to its mechanical function, may play a role in facilitating fluid flow back to circulation system. (This work is partially supported by NIH grants: AR51587 and DE 016977).
Morfología bucofaríngea y hábitos alimentarios de Micropogonias furnieri (Pisces: Sciaenidae) en la costa norte del Estado Sucre, Venezuela

Morphology of the mandibular and pharyngeal region, and the feeding habits of Micropogonias furnieri were examined in 256 male and female specimens, between 28.7 and 54.3 cm total length, collected around Morro Puerto Santo, in northeast Sucre State, Venezuela (10 degrees 45'00" N-63 degrees 8'0" W), from May 1989 to April 1990. Micropogonias furnieri has a small ventral mouth; protrusible premaxillary and dentary; first branchial arches with 21 to 27 gill rakers, generally 24 to 25; and 7 to 11 pyloric caecae. The index of vacuity was low, with mean value of 7.00%. The mean intestinal index was 0.72, indicative of carnivorous species. Analysis of frequency of occurrence, indicates preference for crustaceans (45.70%), mainly crabs (34.90%), followed by polychaetes (28.00%), fishes (11.41%) and occasionally mollusks and echinoderms (4.0 and 3.9%, respectively). The diet of this species did not vary with sex.
Hypoxia, Angiogenesis and Mechanisms for Invasion of Malignant Gliomas

Malignant gliomas are not only the most frequent primary brain tumor in the adult pop‐ ulation, but also the most aggressive. Despite recent therapeutic advances, they remain associated with high morbidity and mortality. determinant of key biological features of these tumors, like their response, resistance, and patterns of recurrence when challenged by standard and new therapeutic options. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most ag‐ gressive of the astrocytic neoplasms, is characterized by both necrosis as well as high rates of endothelial proliferation and neo-vascularization. that generates a high consump‐ tion of oxygen and nutrients, thus leading to local hypoxia. The latter activates a cascade of signaling pathways leading to: 1) angiogenesis, 2) enhanced motility/invasion, 3) changes in metabolism, and 4) the ability to survive oxidative stress. This is a dynamic and multifactorial process whose outcome, either death or survival, is dependent on the timing and the rates of each of these processes, as well as on the molecular characteris‐ tics of the tumor. Therefore, hypoxia-induced enhancement of motility/invasion may de‐ termine the outcome and response to therapy of a particular GBM. We seek a better understanding of the molecular and phenotypic effects of local hypoxia in GBM. Here, we review the definition of hypoxia and its molecular and phenotypic effects on cancer cells in general and then turn our attention to its impact on malignant glioma cells. We also examine the interplay between anti-angiogenesis, survival, and enhanced motility, and explore potential therapeutic implications. We close with unresolved questions and potential future directions.
Der heptahelikale Transmembran-Rezeptor HC110-R aus dem parasitischen Nematoden Haemonchus contortus als Target für das Breitspektrum-Anthelminthikum PF1022A

Abstract: Zur Identifizierung moglicher Zielproteine fur das neue Anthelminthikum PF1022A wurde ein Liganden-Immunscreening mit einer cDNA-Expressionsbibliothek des parasitischen Nematoden Haemonchus contortus durchgefuhrt. Dabei wurde als putativer Bindungspartner fur PF1022A das 110 kDa grose heptahelikale Transmembranprotein HC110-R isoliert. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, das HC110-R einen zellularen Rezeptor und damit ein mogliches Targetprotein fur PF1022A darstellt. Da bislang keine Zellkulturlinien von H. contortus und anderen Nematoden zur Verfugung stehen, wurde ein HC110-R-Expressionsmodell in verschiedenen Sauger-Zellkulturlinien etabliert, um Untersuchungen zur Bindung des PF1022A-Liganden an HC110-R durchzufuhren. HC110-R zeigt Sequenzahnlichkeiten zu Vertretern der Secretin-Familie G-Protein gekoppelter Rezeptoren, insbesondere zu dem Latrophilin-Rezeptor, dessen artifizieller Ligand das Neurotoxin alpha-Latrotoxin (alpha-LTX) ist. Durch konfokale Laserscanning-Mikroskopie wurde HC110-R in transfizierten HEK-293- und COS-7-Zellen an der Plasmamembran und in sauren Lysosomen lokalisiert. alpha-Latrotoxin zeigte als artifizieller Ligand im Western Blot eine spezifische Bindung an die N-Termini von HC110-R und Latrophilin. In HC110-R transfizierten HEK-293-Zellen fuhrte alpha-Latrotoxin dosisabhangig zu einer Erhohung der intrazellularen freien Calcium-Konzentration. Dabei erfolgte durch 75 nM alpha-Latrotoxin ein maximaler Einstrom von extrazellularem Calcium uber Cadmium und Nifedipin inhibierbare Kanale. Die agonistische Wirkung von alpha-Latrotoxin auf HC110-R erwies sich als spezifisch, da das Neurotoxin weder Veranderungen in nicht transfizierten HEK-293-Zellen, noch in Zellen, die mit einem beta2-adrenergen Reze Durch Liganden-Prazipitation und Western Blot-Analyse mit biotinyliertem PF1022A wurde eine spezifische Bindung an den N-Terminus von HC110-R nachgewiesen. PF1022A beeinfluste die durch alpha-Latrotoxin vermittelte Calcium-Signaltransduktion von HC110-R antagonistisch, indem es dosisabhangig den Calcium-Import in die Zelle erniedrigte bis vollstandig unterdruckte. PF1022A nahm auserdem keinen Einflus auf die Liganden-induzierte Calcium-Erhohung, die durch endogene beta2-adrenerge, muscarinische oder nicotinische Rezeptoren vermittelt wurde. Offenbar ist HC110-R ein zellulares Target-Protein fur PF1022A.
The coevolution of renewable resources and institutions - implications for policy design

This PhD thesis studies how natural renewable resources and institutions governing those resources mutually influence each other. Theoretical models are developed in which members of a small community have joint access to a common pool resource. We analyze under which circumstances social norms of cooperation evolve that effectively regulate resource exploitation, but also when those social norms break down, identifying obstacles for community governance. Furthermore, in the light of biological and social complexity this thesis analyzes how governmental policy should be designed if self-governance is not sufficient to protect the resource stock. The insights obtained are applied to the case of Arcto-Norwegian cod. An optimal management plan is developed that can be adapted to several policy objectives concerning the utilization of the fleet. In addition, management advice is given for the case that harvesting may trigger an evolutionary response of the fish stock.
Interactions of Amyloid-Forming Peptides with Lipid Bilayer Membranes

Interactions of Amyloid-Forming Peptides with Lipid Bilayer Membranes by Chang-Chun Lee Amyloid-proteins are among the most actively researched biological topics today, because they have been associated with many serious human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes. In particular the deposition of protein aggregates on cell membranes has been suspected as the causes of the diseases, although the proof is still elusive. Studying the interactions of amyloid-forming peptides with lipid-bilayer membranes may clarify the pathway of the ~-aggregate formation and provide new insights into the amyloid hypothesis of diseases. In this thesis, I investigate how three peptides, penetratin, amylin, and LL-37, interact with lipid membranes by using several techniques well-developed in our lab. In the study of penetratin interacting with lipid membranes, we were able to clarify the energy pathway of amyloid formation mediated by membrane-binding. This provides the sole experimental proof for the Jarrett-Lansbury theory of ~amyloid formation. Our investigation on amylin-membrane interaction clarifies how amylin in different forms damage bilayer membranes. Between penetratin and amylin we have clarified the complicated pattern of interactions between amyloidforming peptides and lipid bilayers. The third peptide LL-37 studied in my thesis turned out to a pore forming peptide. I found the mistake made by previous investigators in several different laboratories that made them erroneously conclude that LL-37 was not a pore forming peptide. The results of these three peptides show that methods we used are a comprehensive set of tools that can reveal a broad range of peptide properties. Both the formation of amyloid aggregates and formation of membrane pores can be explained by a two-state model proposed by Huang describing peptidemembrane interactions. For LL-37, the second state is a pore in membrane. But for penetratin and amylin the second state is an aggregation in the J3 form. We found that J3-aggregates have low affinity within a lipid bilayer, and therefore exit from the bilayer structure. However, this exit process extracts lipid molecules from the bilayer and incorporates them in the peptide aggregates. We suggest that this is the molecular process of how amylin might damage of the membranes of J3-cells.
Chemotherapeutic Targeting of Fibulin-5 to Suppress Breast Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Stimulated by Transforming Growth Factor-Beta

Abstract : The primary objective of this application is to establish how Fibulin-5 enhances the oncogenic activities of TGF-beta, particularly its ability to stimulate breast cancer invasion and metastasis. We hypothesized that inactivating Fibulin-5 function will prevent the conversion of TGF-beta from a suppressor to a promoter of breast cancer growth and invasion, thereby alleviating breast cancer development and progression stimulated by TGF-beta. Major findings of the past funding cycle include the ability of Fibulin-5 to (i) bind integrins on mammary epithelial cells (MECs) independent of its integrin-binding RGD motif; (ii) interact physically with TGF-beta and enhance its presentation to TGF-beta receptors; (iii) promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in an integrin-independent manner in part by stimulating the expression of Cox-2, PAI-1, and MMP-9; (iv) enhance MEC proliferation by activating FAK and ERK1/2; and (v) induce MEC resistance to apoptosis and anoikis by stimulating NF-kappaB activation, by inducing survivin and xIAP expression, and by repressing TNF-alpha expression. Finally, we determined that Fibulin-5 expression is greatly augmented during breast cancer progression, particularly at the point when malignant MECs acquire metastatic phenotypes. This important finding implicates Fibulin-5 as a potential marker for breast cancer metastasis and reinforces the need to target Fibulin-5 chemotherapeutically in patients with metastatic disease.
Bacterial Vaginosis Awareness Among Pediatric and Adolescent Age Groups in Saudi Arabia

Bacterial vaginosis has turned into one of the most common medical condition among women here in Saudi Arabia. Several contributing factors, including the lack of knowledge have been affi liated with this infection and yet the cause remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to determine the level of population awareness regarding bacterial vaginosis both in pediatric and adolescent age groups. It also seeks to evaluate the relationship between the outlined causative factors and bacterial vaginosis. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted using a self-developed questionnaire and was distributed among the participants (adolescent girls, mothers and non-mothers) over a period of four months from December 2013 until March 2014 at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study revealed that a remarkable number of the mother respondents demonstrated awareness on bacterial vaginosis in pre-pubertal and adolescent age group (289, 96.98%). The sample of population under the pre-pubertal age group (122, 40.94%) had higher incidence rates of bacterial vaginosis in comparison with the adolescents and non-mothers (17, 6.25%). Advanced research is required to better understand the pathological and physiological mechanisms of bacterial vaginosis. Continuing studies are necessary to enhance the accuracy of its diagnosis and modalities of treatment.
Glass, godis och guldkant : Innehållsliga teman i narrativa texter på lågstadiet

Glass, godis och guldkant: Innehallsliga teman i narrativa texter pa lagstadietOscar Bjork, Doktorand i didaktik vid institutionen for pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, Uppsala universite .
The effect of bacteriophage treatment to reduce the rapid dissemination of Salmonella typhimurium in pigs

Bacteriophage treatment significantly reduced the rapid dissemination of Salmonella typhimurium in tonsil and cecum, where the highest number of Salmonella was recovered in pigs experimentally infected with S. typhimurium. The rapid dissemination of Salmonella in market weight pigs prior to slaughter may pose a potential risk in contaminating pork products. Phage treatment should be considered as an intervention strategy to reduce the number of Salmonella in pigs.
Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of honey from the sudano-guinean zone of West Cameroon

The physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of honey from the sudano-guinean zone of West Cameroon were determined. The indices obtained were within their respective ranges recorded for honey in temperate countries, except for calcium content whose value was on the upper side of its reference range. A bacterial type and eight fungi species contamination were found to have contaminated the honey from the local markets. However, there were no microbes present in honey harvested from the Bee Research Farm of the University of Dschang. This indicated contamination from secondary sources, during handling and or adulterations of honey from our local markets. Honey used in this study showed medium crystallisation tendency and granulation was faster when stored under dark than light at similar conditions. The mixed floral or nectar sources, fluctuating environmental conditions and processing procedures played major roles in the physico-chemical differences observed between the local and temperate honeys.
Disintegration of sorghum pith caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in relation to foliage senescence

Investigations carried over several years under field conditions revealed that pith disintegration caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in sorghum plants is affected by leaf senescence. Leaf senescence recorded at 98 and 106 th day of 163 sorghum test lines revealed fairly good correlation (r = 0.48 and 0.47) with pith rot and the correlation was significant which indicated pith disintegration is affected by leaf senescence. The mean rate (b) of senescence varied from trial to trial and ranged from 0.5 to 1.4, and individual test line senesced at a rate between 0.2 to 2.0 in six trials (2008-11). The rate of senescence also have positive relation with pith rot in test lines and the degree of relationship (r = 0.11 to 0.69) was more in popular cultivars than in test lines. The days to 50 per cent flowering had inverse (r = -0.31) significant relation with pith rot as well as with Charcoal rot (CR) incidence (r = -0.26) but charcoal rot incidence has been found to have significant correlation (r = 0.17) with pith rot. External cortical lesion produced on rind of sorghum plants by Macrophomina on inoculated plant has strong significant correlation (r = 0.95) with internal pith rot.
Review: Beneficial Health Effects of Olive Leaves Extracts

The olive leaves are well known for many useful pharmacological effects. Olive leaves extracts have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant anti-hypertensive, anti-hypercholestermic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-thrombotic, diuretic and anti-tumor properties. In this review article, we have showed huge collective medical activities of olive leaves extracts that can be applied for treating variety of health problems. Keywords: Olive leaves extracts, Polyphenols, Oleuropein, Oleuropeosides, Health benefits.