Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RECONSTRUCTION OF TEMPERATURE SERIES OF NORTH CHINA FROM 1380s TO 1980s

The decade mean temperature anomaly series was reconstructed on the basis of histori-cal documents recorded in substantive local gazetteers. Firstly, the severity of the cold weath-er events such as snowing and severe frost, which were frequently described in gazetteers,was estimated by using modern instrumental temperature observations. Secondly, the assort-ed cold events were classified into three classes according to the severity. the severity indexof them being --0.5, -- 1.0 and --2.0 respectively. The severity index was found fot eachseason since 1380 AD while there were somc descriptions of cold events. Finally, the re-gression coefficients between the decade sum of severity index and decade mean seasonal tem-perature anomalies was calculated. It shows that the severity index of--1 is equal to --0.2℃of the temperature anomaly. Then the decade mean seasonal temperature anomaly serieswas reconstructed from the 1380s (1380--1389 AD) to the 1980s. The series shows that therewere two cold periods; one between the 1550s and 1690s, another during the 1800s--1860s. Thelowest decade mean temperature anomaly reacked -- 1.8℃ in winter and varicd from 1--1.1to --1.4℃ for other seasons. In spring and summer series, the first cold period was mani-fested well. In autumn tbe second cold period was prominent. But in winter both the firstand the second cold periods were clearly observed. The timing of the cold periods found inthe present paper was earlier by 70 and 40 years respectively than that found by Chu Kochen(1973), which was mainly based on winter temperature documents in South China. It sug-gests that the timing of the cold period in the Litt1e Ice Age varied from place to placeeven within the Chinese territory.
High Pressure Hydrogen Storage on Carbon Materials for Mobile Applications

Recognising the difficulties encountered in measuring the adsorption of hydrogen at high pressure, a reliable volumetric differential pressure method of high accuracy and good repeatability has been developed for measurement up to ca 100 bar. The apparatus used has two identical limbs, a sample and a blank limb, between which a high accuracy differential pressure cell measures changes in pressure. By simultaneously expanding the two limbs and closely controlling the temperature of the entire system, many of the errors due to expansion of the gas can be avoided. In addition, helium blank measurements are used as a base line correction, which substantially reduces the effects caused by the rapid expansion of gas through a small port. Using this method, the hydrogen storage capacities of relatively small samples (1.0-2.5 g) of a selection of carbon materials have been accurately measured to a conservative limit of detection of 0.05 wt% and an accuracy of +/-0.02 wt%. The accuracy of the apparatus has been proven using lanthanide nickel (LaNi5), which has a known hydrogen storage capacity of 1.5 wt%, as a standard. The method has also been developed in order to analyse samples at elevated temperatures of up to 270 C. This has been demonstrated using lithium nitride (Li3N) compounds. The carbon materials studied include a series of activated carbons, carbon nanofibres (CNF) and carbon nanotubes (CNT). The activated carbons have displayed almost instantaneous hydrogen uptake independent of the degas method used, which indicates that sorption occurs via a physisorption mechanism. The series of powdered activated carbons have displayed direct correlation between the BET surface area and the hydrogen sorption capacity. The largest hydrogen sorption capacity observed for activated carbons was for a chemically activated carbon with a surface area of 3100 m2 g-1, achieving an uptake of 0.6 wt%. The preparation of CNF, grown from ethylene over mixed copper, iron and nickel alloy catalysts, has been extensively investigated. Control of the parameters of preparation has allowed the formation of CNF with surface areas of 10 - 500 m2 g-1, diameters of 100 - 1000 nm, lengths of 1-10s nm, gas conversions of 0-90 % and the formation of herringbone and platelet CNF structures. The CNF studied have been observed to be capable of adsorbing a maximum of 0.5 wt% hydrogen at 100 bar and ambient temperature. Only one of the materials studied was observed to break by a significant amount the trend of surface area vs hydrogen sorption capacity, observed for the activated carbons. This was a single-walled nanotube (SWNT) sample which achieved ca 1.6 wt% after slow carbon dioxide activation at low temperature. This larger sorption is hypothesised to result from the hydrogen slowly diffusing into the SWNT through defects in the structure and between the graphite planes in the CNF.
Detection of Radicals at the Photolysis of tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide in DMSO and water

The decomposition of tert-butyl hydroperoxide by photochemically induced reactions in DMSO1 and water was investigated by cw-e.s. r. spectroscopy. The products tert-butylperoxyl, methyl and sulfur-centered free radicals were identified. The tert-butoxyl free radical is involved in the primary process as shown by time-resolved e.s. r. technique. On the basis of directly identified radical species, a mechanism for the photochemically induced reactions of tert-butyl hydroperoxide in DMSO is proposed. At concentrations below 0.8 mol · l−1 the radical formation from tert-butyl hydroperoxide proceeds by cleavage of the OO bond rather than by hydrogen abstraction.
Degradación fotocatalítica de un derivado del 4,4'-bis(1,3,5- triazinilamino)-estilbeno-2,2'-disulfonato en solución acuosa por el proceso foto-fenton (uv/fe3+/h2o2 )

La degradacion fotocatalitica del blanqueador optico derivado del 4,4'-bis(1,3,5- triazinilamino)-estilbeno-2,2'-disulfonato fue realizada por el proceso de oxidacion avanzada UV/Fe+3/H2O2 (foto-Fenton). Se encontraron las condiciones optimas de pH, concentraciones de Fe+3, H2O2. Durante el fototratamiento, fueron hechos ensayos para obtener informacion concerniente a la variacion de: a) las absorbancias relativas y b) Demanda quimica de oxigeno (DQO) de la solucion del blanqueador optico tratada. Con este sistema de fotodegradacion, el 72% de la concentracion inicial del compuesto fue removido y se obtuvo unamineralizacion del 65% de la muestra total.
HULA VALLEY PEAT: REVIEW OF CHEMICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS

In the Hula Valley, Israel, four layers of peat of Middle Pleistocene to Holocene age, interbedded with limnic clays and marls, are found above 300-m depth. The main detrital minerals are kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite. Average elemental values of organic matter of dry peat are: C, 15–29 percent; H, 1.8–3 percent; N, 0.8–1.2 percent; S, 2.3–5 percent. The ash content (on dry basis) is 36–59 percent. The average calorific value ranges from 1670 to 3400 cal/g. Organic constitutents isolated from the upper layer (Peat Horizon One) include: C12 to C26 fatty acids, β-sitosterol, β-sitostanol, friedelin and friedelanol, ceryl alcohol, a series of hydrocarbons, among them polycyclic hydrocarbon, perylene, 13 amino acids and a series of polysaccharides of molecular weight in the range of 40,000. A detailed quantitative investigation of the distribution with depth in the top peat layer of the humic, fulvic, and hymatomelanic acids, as well as of the β-humus and humin, showed humin to be the dominant fraction of the organic matter. Its amount increases from 62 percent of the organic mater (by weight) at the surface to 70–90 percent at 2-m depth. The fulvic acid and polysaccharides show rapid decrease with depth, accompanied by concomitant increase in the β-humus. The humic acid increases with depth. Analysis of the peat organic fractions for carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes shows that with depth the difference in δC13 between the humic and fulvic acids disappears and the δC13 stabilizes at around −18 parts per thousand. The isotope data indicate the dynamic nature of the fulvic acid in the peat. The δD values were around −60 parts per thousand, but the data are too meager for any firm conclusion.
Introduction de raisonnement dans un outil industriel de gestion des connaissances

Le travail de these presente dans ce document porte sur la conception d'un service de validation et d'enrichissement d'annotations pour un outil industriel de gestion des connaissances base sur le langage des Topic Maps (TM). Un tel service necessitant la mise en oeuvre de raisonnements sur les connaissances, il a ete necessaire de doter le langage des TM d'une semantique formelle. Ceci a ete realise par l'intermediaire d'une transformation reversible des TM vers le formalisme logique des graphes conceptuels qui dispose d'une representation graphique des connaissances (les TM pouvant facilement en etre munie d'une). La solution a ete mise en oeuvre dans deux applications, l'une concue pour la veille mediatique et l'autre pour la promotion de ressources touristiques. Schematiquement, des annotations sont extraites automatiquement des documents selon le domaine concerne (actualite/economie ou tourisme) puis ajoutees a la base de connaissances. Elles sont ensuite fournies au service d'enrichissement et de validation qui les complete de nouvelles connaissances et decide de leur validite, puis retourne a la base de connaissance le resultat de l'enrichissement et de la validation.
Estructura interna de la Escala de Desesperanza para Adultos Mayores de México

Objetivo. Obtener y analizar la estructura interna de una propuesta de la Escala de Desesperanza para Adultos Mayores del noreste de Coahuila, México. Método. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 106 adultos mayores de 60 años, 57.5% mujeres y el 42.5% hombres. La estrategia de muestreo fue no probabilístico, incidental. La desesperanza se midió con un instrumento de 20 reactivos para población de adultos mayores, de respuesta con escala Likert, agrupados en tres dimensiones. Resultados. Con el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio se obtuvo una solución de dos componentes: motivación y sentido de vida y catastrofización del presente y del futuro, los cuales explican el 48.8% de la varianza. Además, presentaron una validez convergente apropiada, al mostrar una correlación positiva, que va de media a alta con la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (EDE) y con la Escala de Depresión CESD-20. La fiabilidad fue de 0.91. Conclusión. La confiabilidad de la escala propuesta presentó valores adecuados que reflejan consistencia interna y una estructura coherente, similar a lo reportado en otros estudios con otras herramientas.
Effect of enhanced C2 growth chemistry on nanodiamond film deposition

A route to high-purity nanocrystalline diamond films from C2 dimers and related mechanisms have been investigated by enhancing C2 growth chemistry in Ar-rich microwave plasmas. Efficient C2 production by direct dissociation from acetylene causes the micro- to nanocrystal transition with a low threshold Ar concentration of ∼70% and produces films of ∼20nm grains with a distinct visible-Raman peak of diamond. C2 grows nanodiamond on diamond surfaces but rarely initiates nucleation on foreign surfaces. The phase purity can be improved by increasing the dominance of nanodiamond growth from C2 over nondiamond growth from CHx(x=0–3) and large radicals.
A LARGE-FIELD MEDICAL BEAM AT THE 184-INCH SYNCHROCYCLOTRON

The 184-Inch Synchrocyclotron at the Lawrence Laboratory in Berkeley has, for many years, provided a highly reliable 930-MeV helium-ion beam of relatively high intensity for pituitary irradiation and treatment of lung lesions, etc. A plan view of the medical cave area is shown. For irradiations, a typical beam-spot size of approx. 5 cm with an intensity on the order of 2000 rads/min has been commonly available. With the recent advent of a new method of programming the Dee voltage, dose-rates have been increased to slightly more than 4000 rads/min. In order to enlarge upon the possible therapeutic, diagnostic, and radiobiological research capabilities of the 184-Inch Synchrocyclotron, we have recently developed a large-area helium-ion beam of approx. 30-cm dia with a uniform intensity of about 165 rads/min +- 2% over 86% of the diameter.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Mature Red Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Fruit Coated with Hagimit (Ficus minahassae Miq.) Extract

The study was conducted to determine the effect of storage time on the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of mature red tomatoes with hagimit extracts, to investigate the effect of timing of application of hagimit extract on the FRSA of the mature red tomatoes, and to evaluate the maximum/optimum FRSA of the mature red tomatoes coated with hagimit extracts. Coating was done on the 4th, 6th and 8th day after harvest of the tomato fruits and analyzed for FRSA. Results show that free radical scavenging activity of untreated tomato fruit drastically reduced after 6 days of storage. However, when the tomato fruits were coated with polar hagimit extracts, the free radical scavenging activity was sustained until 12 days of storage with only gradual decrease until the end of its shelf-life. Application of hagimit extracts 4, 6, and 8 days after harvest of the tomato fruits showed similar preservation of the fruits’ free radical scavenging activity although fruits coated 4 days after harvest were of shorter shelf-life. Moreover, the optimum free radical scavenging activities of tomato fruits coated with aqueous, ethanolic, acetic acid extracts were 340.54, 349.01, 348.88 μmolTE/100g, respectively.
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/ MASS SPECTROMETRY STUDIES OF POLYHYDROXYALKALOIDS IN BLUEBELLS

A crudely purified polyhydroxyalkaloid (PHA) extract of Hyacinthoides non-scripta (Hyacinthaceae) was studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/sequential mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) and direct infusion atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) to determine the best method for screening plant extracts for PHAs. Direct infusion was determined to be the technique of choice to carry out rapid screening, whereas LC/MS has the potential to reveal isomeric compounds with appropriate high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, and we report here a successful HPLC separation of underivatised PHAs in a crude extract. The requirement to derivatise PHAs for GC/MS analysis was found to confuse screening due to the formation of multiple derivatives. Also, the electron ionization (EI) mass spectra were of limited diagnostic value and GC/MS failed to detect high molecular weight PHA derivatives such as those of PHA-diglycosides. Two glycosides not previously reported in Hyacinthaceae were detected by direct infusion APCI-MS. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extended Full Block S-Procedure for Distributed Control of Interconnected Systems*

This paper proposes a novel method for distributed controller synthesis of homogeneous interconnected systems consisting of identical subsystems. The objective of the designed controller is to minimize the -gain of the performance channel. The proposed method is an extended formulation of the Full Block S-Procedure (FBSP) where we introduce an additional set of variables. This allows to relax the block-diagonal structural assumptions on the Lyapunov and multiplier matrices required for distributed control design, which reduces conservatism w.r. t. most existing approaches. We show how to decompose the proposed extended FBSP into small synthesis conditions, of the size of one individual subsystem.
Query Understanding for Natural Language Enterprise Search

Natural Language Search (NLS) extends the capabilities of search engines that perform keyword search allowing users to issue queries in a more "natural" language. The engine tries to understand the meaning of the queries and to map the query words to the symbols it supports like Persons, Organizations, Time Expressions etc. It, then, retrieves the information that satisfies the user's need in different forms like an answer, a record or a list of records. We present an NLS system we implemented as part of the Search service of a major CRM platform. The system is currently in production serving thousands of customers. Our user studies showed that creating dynamic reports with NLS saved more than 50% of our user's time compared to achieving the same result with navigational search. We describe the architecture of the system, the particularities of the CRM domain as well as how they have influenced our design decisions. Among several submodules of the system we detail the role of a Deep Learning Named Entity Recognizer. The paper concludes with discussion over the lessons learned while developing this product.
Monogamy Relations for Multiqubit Systems.

Recently a new class of monogamy relations (actually, exponentially many) was provided by Christopher Eltschka et al. in terms of squared concurrence. Their approach restricted to the distribution of bipartite entanglement shared between different subsystems of a global state. We have critically analyzed those monogamy relations in three as well as in four qubit pure states using squared negativity. We have been able to prove that in case of pure three qubit states those relations are always true in terms of squared negativity. However, if we consider the pure four qubit states, the results are not always true. Rather, we find opposite behaviour in some particular classes of four qubit pure states where some of the monogamy relations are violated. We have provided analytical and numerical evidences in support of our claim.
Departure from the Exact Location of Mean Motion Resonances Induced by the Gas Disk in Systems Observed by Kepler

The statistical results of transiting planets show that there are two peaks, around 1.5 and 2.0, in the distribution of orbital period ratios. A large number of planet pairs are found near the exact location of mean motion resonances (MMRs). In this work, we find that the depletion and structures of the gas disk play crucial roles in driving planet pairs out of the exact location of MMRs. Under such a scenario, planet pairs are trapped into exact MMRs during orbital migration first and keep migrating at the same pace. The eccentricities can be excited. Due to the existence of a gas disk, eccentricities can be damped, leading to a change in orbital period, which will make planet pairs depart from the exact location of MMRs. With depletion timescales larger than 1 Myr, near-MMR configurations are formed easily. Planet pairs have higher possibilities of escaping from MMRs with a higher disk aspect ratio. Additionally, with a weaker corotation torque, planet pairs can depart farther from the exact location of MMRs. The final location of the innermost planets in the systems are directly related to the transition radius from the optically thick region to the outer optically thin disk. While the transition radius is smaller than 0.2 au at the late stage of the star evolution process, the period of the inner planets can reach around 10 days. Our formation scenario is a possible mechanism for explaining the formation of near-MMR configurations with the innermost planet farther than 0.1 au.
Interactive Search Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

With the continuous development of machine learning technology, major e-commerce platforms have launched recommendation systems based on it to serve a large number of customers with different needs more efficiently. Compared with traditional supervised learning, reinforcement learning can better capture the user's state transition in the decision-making process, and consider a series of user actions, not just the static characteristics of the user at a certain moment. In theory, it will have a long-term perspective, producing a more effective recommendation. The special requirements of reinforcement learning for data make it need to rely on an offline virtual system for training. Our project mainly establishes a virtual user environment for offline training. At the same time, we tried to improve a reinforcement learning algorithm based on bi-clustering to expand the action space and recommended path space of the recommendation agent.
New zealand trumpeter re-discovered in patagonian fjords after more than 100 years (perciformes, latridae)

* Pablo Reyes, Fundación Ictiológica, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 2086, Of. 406, Providencia, Santiago, Chile ** Verena Häussermann & Günter Försterra, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaíso, Avda. Brasil 2950, Valparaíso, Chile; and Huinay Scientific Field Station, Chile; e-mail: v.haussermann@gmail.com (corresponding author) Latris lineata (Forster, 1801), a typical coastal fish from New Zealand, was described by Delfín (1901) from two sites in Chilean Patagonia, Puerto Otway (46°49' S, 75°18' W) and Baker Channel (48°00' S, 73°46' W). Pequeño (1989) referred to Delfín (1901) and included the species in the list of Chilean fish species. Since no records of the New Zealand Trumpeter existed for more than 100 years for the southeastern Pacific, Roberts (2003) concluded that the presence of this species in Chile was questionable. Waessle & Milessi (2013) reported its presence from the Atlantic side of South America (Mar del Plata, Argentina: 38°08' S 57°15' W), where a male individual (65 cm length, 2.8 kg weight) had been caught. As part of the expeditions organized by the Huinay Scientific Field Station with the aim inventory the benthic species and communities of the Chilean fjord region (see e. g. Häussermann & Försterra 2009), a specimen of L. lineata was photographed at a depth of 23 m at Isla Waller (46°45.885' S, 75°13.873' W), Golfo Tres Montes. The species was determined sensu Paul (2000). This represents the first documented record of this species for more than 100 years for the southeastern Pacific, and rejects Roberts’ (2003) suggestion that the presence of the species in Chile is questionable. Acknowledgements. Funding was provided through Fondecyt project nr 1131039 to VH and 1150843 to GF. This is publication nr 139 of Huinay Scientific Field Station.
Analyzing and Improving Generative Adversarial Training for Generative Modeling and Out-of-Distribution Detection

Generative adversarial training (GAT) is a recently introduced adversarial defense method. Previous works have focused on empirical evaluations of its application to training robust predictive models. In this paper we focus on theoretical understanding of the GAT method and extending its application to generative modeling and out-of-distribution detection. We analyze the optimal solutions of the maximin formulation employed by the GAT objective, and make a comparative analysis of the minimax formulation employed by GANs. We use theoretical analysis and 2D simulations to understand the convergence property of the training algorithm. Based on these results, we develop an incremental generative training algorithm, and conduct comprehensive evaluations of the algorithm's application to image generation and adversarial out-of-distribution detection. Our results suggest that generative adversarial training is a promising new direction for the above applications.