Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Look at the Threat of Systematic Jamming of GNSS

S E P T E M B E R / O C T O B E R 2 0 17 www.insidegnss. com The vulnerability of GNSS to various forms of malicious interference have been widely discussed in recent years, and have considered a wide range of both real and potential attacks. Some of these have included extensive studies of commercially available jamming devices, while others have considered the more comprehensive case of spoofing, where the interference takes the form of genuine GNSS signals (For details, see papers listed in Additional Resources, including M. G. Amin et alia). Studies of simple jamming attacks have demonstrated that it is relatively easy, given sufficient broadcast power, to deny the use of GNSS to many commercial receivers (For details, see papers listed in Additional Resources, including M. Johnson and R. Erlandson). However, it has also been shown that given the easily identifiable or periodic nature of simple jamming signals, a receiver can often mitigate the threat, for example, via the use of adaptive filtering or pulse blanking (F. Dovis, Additional Resources). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the jamming signal itself can be readily exploited to identify and locate the jamming source. On the other Research to date has considered two extremes of interference: simple jamming sources that aim to overpower GNSS signals; and sophisticated spoofing signals that aim to covertly mislead GNSS receivers. However, there appears to be a middle-ground between jamming and spoofing that might thwart current detection, localization and mitigation techniques. In terms of technology and cost, it appears to be very accessible to a malicious attacker. This article represents only a very preliminary examination of the concept on mitigating the threat of systemic jamming of GNSS, but does seem to highlight the fact that it may be naïve to assume that the jamming threat will not evolve in reaction to anti-jamming technology. The notion that jamming devices might be designed in direct response to anti-jamming techniques might open a new avenue of research into the more game-theoretic aspects of resilient GNSS receivers. It might further invigorate the use of technologies like antenna diversity, or synthetic aperture antennas, or adaptive interference mitigation techniques. SYSTEMIC JAMMING
EXSOLUTION MICROSTRUCTURES IN NH4-BEARING MUSCOVITE AND ANNITE IN GNEISSES FROM THE TORROX AREA, BETIC CORDILLERA, SPAIN

Variably sized lamellae of annite within muscovite crystals and lamellae of muscovite within annite crystals from gneissic rocks of the Torrox area in the Betic Cordillera, Spain, are interpreted as formed by exsolution of NH 4 -bearing micas present in the earliest metamorphic assemblage. The NH 4 -rich white mica, identified only in the overlying schists, was formed during the first diagenetic-to-metamorphic episode, with N derived from the maturation of organic matter. Initially contained in white mica, the NH 4 was redistributed between white mica and annite, probably at conditions of increasing metamorphism. In the current assemblage of gneisses, NH 4 is preferentially concentrated in annite, especially in the composite Ms+Ann grains. This assemblage, which consists of muscovite in homogeneous grains + muscovite in exsolved grains + annite in homogeneous grains + annite in exsolved grains, was probably derived from the lower-temperature four-mica assemblage: muscovite + NH 4 -rich white mica + annite + NH 4 -bearing annite. Exsolution as temperature increased explains the presence of NH 4 -rich micas in the overlying schists and the presence of exsolved grains in gneisses. The exsolution process occurred at ~450°C and ~3 kbar, physical conditions characterizing the first metamorphic episode affecting this formation.
The Newtonian Description of Lift of a Wing

The explanations we use to teach the principles of flight more often than not merely propagate long-held myths. Discussions should focus on the angle of attack and not the shape of the wing. By explaining flight as an application of Newton’s principles, one can understand lift, power, wing efficiency and other principles of flight. The Newtonian description of lift and an understanding of flight are presented here. The myths and some misconceptions of the application of Bernoulli's equation are also discussed.
Knowledge and the importance of knowledge sharing in organizations

The purpose of this paper is to discuss knowledge and the importance of knowledge sharing in organizations. Hence, this paper discusses in detail the different types of knowledge that are important in organizations and the definition of knowledge sharing.Besides that, this paper also details out the benefits of knowledge sharing in organizations and various factors that could influence knowledge sharing in organizations.
Computational Load Balancing on the Edge in Absence of Cloud and Fog

Mobile Cloud Computing or Fog computing refers to offloading computationally intensive algorithms from a mobile device to the cloud or an intermediate cloud in order to save resources e.g., time and energy in the mobile device. This paper proposes new solutions for situations when the cloud or fog is not available. First, the sensor network is modelled using a network of queues, then a linear programming technique is used to make scheduling decisions. Various centralized and distributed algorithms are then proposed, which improves overall system performance. Extensive simulations show slightly higher energy usage in comparison to the baseline non-offloading case, however, the job completion rate is significantly improved, the efficiency score metric shows the extra energy usage is justified. The algorithms have been simulated in various environments including high and low bandwidth, partial connectivity, and different rate of information exchanges to study the pros and cons of the proposed algorithms.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON MULTI-KEY SEARCHABLE ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUE WITH DIFFERENT ELLIPTIC CURVES AND APP DESIGNING

Multi-Key searchable encryption scheme is a technique implemented to perform the keyword search on cipher text. This scheme can be practically applied for client server applications to achieve data confidentiality and allows the server to perform the operation like search on the cipher data. Experimental results of multi-key searchable encryption scheme implemented for different types of elliptic curves are shown in this paper and results are compared between different types of elliptic curves. An application also designed with Java as frontend and MongoDB as backend. It also shows the search time taken to perform the search operation on the encrypted data by using this scheme.
MOBILESoft: G: Debugging of Mobile Apps in the Wild Guided by the Wisdom of the Crowd

While the number of mobile apps available on app stores is immense, the quality of these apps greatly varies. Unfortunately, end-users continue experiencing bugs and crashes for some apps installed on their devices. Although developers use simulators and test their apps before deployment, many bugs still emerge in the wild. Currently, the reproduction and the diagnosis of failures that end-users experience remain a challenging task. Thus, this research investigates a crowd-sourced approach to diagnose bugs in mobile apps deployed in the wild.
EVALUATION OF THE CHLOROPLAST BARCODING MARKERS BY MEAN AND SMALLEST INTERSPECIFIC DISTANCES

It is more difficult in plants than in animals to distinguish between species using barcoding loci, thus it is vital to investigate the barcoding potential of various chloroplast (cp) regions besides the well-known plastid markers. It is also crucial to investigate whether the analytical metrics and depths of taxon sampling affect assessments of the barcoding utility. Here, we collected more than 9100 plant sequences, representing ten cp non-coding regions, by experiments and GenBank search. The inter- and intra-specific variations of the individual genus were calculated. The correlation between the number of sampled congeneric species and mean/smallest interspecific distance was quantitated. In addition, a selection of published barcoding data sets was reviewed to compare species discrimination of trnH-psbA in various plants. By comparing the barcoding gaps, we found that species pairs for different cp markers have variable size gaps between intra and interspecific genetic distances and the approach based on mean interspecific distances results in overblown estimates and may lead to misidentification of closely related species, which is problematic for all cp markers examined. It is also found that the smallest interspecific distances decrease with the number of species sampled in 6 out of 10 cp markers examined. The differences in the size of barcode gaps based on mean versus smallest interspecific distances may have major implications for the plant DNA barcoding. This study presents the first empirical evidence to advocate the simultaneous use of mean and smallest interspecific distances in assessing plant barcoding markers.
Effect of wounding and light exposure on sterol, glycoalkaloid, and calystegine levels in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. group Tuberosum)

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA) are neurotoxic substances that are present in some members of the Solanaceae family, including crop species like potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato. The SGA level in the potato tuber is a genetic trait, but certain environmental factors such as wounding and light exposure can increase SGA levels several-fold, which may render tubers unsuitable for human consumption. There is little information about SGA biosynthesis. The sterol cholesterol is commonly regarded as a SGA precursor, but there is little evidence for this view. To increase our understanding of the SGA biosynthesis and its molecular regulation, a microarray screen was performed using tubers from two potato cultivars subjected to wound and light treatments. Along with an alteration of sterol and SGA levels, the treatments were associated with an up-regulation of a small set of genes in sterol and SGA metabolism, including a gene encoding for the sterol reductase DWF1. DWF1 genes were found in two differentially regulated subtypes; DWF1 and DWF1-like (DWF1-L). Alteration of DWF1 and DWF1-L expression in transgenic potato showed a role for these genes in sterol and SGA synthesis. Also up-regulated in the microarray study were three transaminase-like genes, and role of StTAM1 in SGA synthesis was investigated by overexpression in transgenic potato. This resulted in elevated SGA levels, indicating the presence of a transamination in SGA synthesis. The genetic variation and stress responsiveness in Swedish potato cultivars regarding SGA and calystegine alkaloids (CA) level was determined by subjecting tubers to wounding, light exposure and elevated temperature. Only light and wounding increased SGA levels, and variation in the response was observed among the cultivars. CA levels were not stress-regulated, indicating that SGA and CA synthesis are not interrelated. These results show that the SGA level in potato tubers are regulated by a concerted action of a small set of key genes acting at different steps in the sterol and SGA pathways. Results also demonstrate a genetic variation in stress responsiveness among Swedish potato cultivars, and have identified the most sensitive ones. Results could in the near future be used to improve post-harvest handling of potato cultivars.
Evaluation of the toxicity of metal pollutants on embryonic development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus ( Lamarck , 1816 ) ( Echinodermata Echinoidea )

Received 22.05. 2012; accepted 06.07. 2012; printed 30.09. 2012 Bioassays are frequently used to evaluate biological effects of pollutants on marine organisms. The objective of such tests is the detection of toxic effects on populations that are representative of a given ecosystem. Sea urchin is a model organism employed in the field of environmental toxicology due to its sensitivity towards various pollutants, particularly heavy metals. Preliminary bioassay tests on embryos and/or larvae of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamark, 1816) from Madagh (Oran, Algeria) were used to assess the potential toxicity and determine the LC50 of four metal pollutants, Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc.
Recursive Cross-Domain Facial Composite and Generation from Limited Facial Parts

We start by asking an interesting yet challenging question, “If a large proportion (e.g., more than 90%) of the face/sketch is missing, can a realistic whole face sketch/image still be estimated? ” Existing face completion and generation methods either do not conduct multi-domain transfer or cannot handle large missing area. For example, the inpainting approach tends to blur the generated region when the missing area is large (i.e., more than 50%). In this paper, we exploit the potential of deep learning networks in filling large missing region (e.g., as high as 95% missing) and generating realistic faces in cross domains by given patches with very limited information. We propose the recursive generation by bidirectional transformation networks (r-BTN) that recursively generates a whole face/sketch from small sketch/face patches. The large missing area and the cross domain challenge make it difficult to generate satisfactory results using a unidirectional cross-domain learning structure. On the other hand, a forward and backward bidirectional learning between the face and sketch domains would enable recursive estimation of the missing region in an incremental manner (Fig. 1) and yield appealing results. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the superior performance from r-BTN as compared to existing potential solutions.
Other Papers The Continuum of Conscientiousness: The Antagonistic Interests among Obsessive and Antisocial Personalities

and unimaginative. ” Abstract: The five factor trait of conscientiousness is a supertrait, denoting on one hand a pattern of excessive labor, rigidity, orderliness and compulsivity, and on the other hand a pattern of strict rectitude, scrupulosity, dutifulness and morality. In both respects the obsessive-compulsive personality is conscientious; indeed, it has been labeled a disorder of extreme conscientiousness (Widiger et al., 2009). Antisocial personality disorder, in the present paper, is described as occupying the opposite end of the conscientiousness continuum. The antisocial is impulsive rather than compulsive, illicit rather than licit, and furtive rather than forthright.After clinically comparing the obsessive and antisocial personalities, the present paper invokes evolutionary theory to explain their resultant behavioral, ideological, political and demographic differences. the obsessive protects against loss; the antisocial craves the obsessive craves predictability; the antisocial is and incautious, the obsessive is anxious and fearful. acids incorporated into animal cell membranes in response to changing thermal conditions. ” However, antisocial personality disorder, if it truly is an instance of phenotypic plasticity, is of the second kind; it is irreversible phenotypic plasticity. Examples of irreversible phenotypic plasticity in animals include spines and thickened carapace (the outer shells) in water fleas raised in the presence of “predatory fly larva” and the development of spines in certain species of acacia trees after they have been fed upon (Travis, 2009). The antisocial genotype seems to turn into the familiar antisocial phenotype in the presence of certain environmental cues during development. This understanding of the antisocial personality as a conditional strategy is not necessarily the view that Mealey originally had conceptualized, but it is one that maintains the integrity of the theory in the face of the criticisms
The Measurement of Entrepreneurial Outsourcing: Preliminary Scale Development, Dimensionality Assessment, and Construct Validation

Studying the outsourcing concept, as a strategy for efficient and effective business management, has been implemented less in the field of entrepreneurship. Accordingly, the present study aims to develop a measurement instrument for measuring entrepreneurial outsourcing construct utilizing empirical evidence in Iran’s telecommunications and automotive industries. Employing a sample of 203 senior managers and executive experts of companies operating in these industries, the gathered data were analyzed using PLS-SEM method. According to our results, the proposed scale of entrepreneurial outsourcing comprises six dimensions: strategic factors, economical factors, technological factors, task specifications, risk relating factors, and entrepreneurial performance. Moreover, the scale enjoys sufficient multidimensionality, reliability, and construct validity in terms of convergent and discriminate validity.
USING DIFFRACTION PEAKS IN X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA FROM THE MARS 2020 PIXL INSTRUMENT FOR MINERAL PHASE IDENTIFICATION

Introduction: The Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL), selected for the Mars 2020 rover mission, is a micro-focus X-ray fluorescence instrument with a geometry that is optimized for chemical analysis of sub-millimeter features in rocks and regolith. PIXL’s geometry also permits the detection of back-reflected X-rays that arise from diffraction off of crystal lattice planes in minerals exposed to the PIXL X-ray beam. The PIXL instrument geometry is distinct from that of a typical powder diffractometer, as shown in Fig. 1, but it should be possible to obtain crystallographic information from PIXL energy dispersive X-ray spectra, once its unique back reflection geometry is accounted for (e.g., [1, 2]). The ability to uniquely discriminate between mineral phases, which have more or less identical chemical compositions, using the crystallographic information embedded in PIXL X-ray spectra could provide stronger constraints on mineral and rock origin than chemistry alone. For example, discrimination between anhydrite and gypsum would enable meaningful constraints to be placed on the temperature and salinity of the fluids that those phases were precipitated from (e.g., [3]). Here, we present the results of a set of experiments designed to demonstrate our ability to distinguish between mineral phases of like composition using data collected on a laboratory version of the PIXL instrument at the NASA-Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF PTERION AND ASTERION IN ADULT HUMAN SKULLS OF INDIAN ORIGIN

Address for Correspondence:Dr. Vivaan Dutt, Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore – 560054, Karnataka, India. Contact No.: 09901060041, E-Mail: vivaan00@gmail.com Introduction: The pterion and asterion are regions of sutural confluence in the skull. They represent important extra-cranial landmarks allowing surgical and microsurgical approach for surgeons. Aims: To study the morphology and morphometry of the pterion and asterion in the adult human skulls of Indian origin. Materials and methods: 78 dry human skulls were studied. Sutural pattern of pterion were classified into sphenoparietal, frontotemporal, epipteric or stellate type. Position of pterion was determined in relation to four specific bony landmarks. Length and thickness were also measured using slide calipers. Sutural morphology of asterion was classified. Results: All four types of pterion were observed in the skulls analyzed. Sphenoparietal was the predominant type observed. Stellate type was least common. Bilateral asymmetry was seen. Mean distances from centre of pterion were 38.15+/-3.67 (right side) and 36.69+/-3.64 (left side) superior to zygomatic arch; 29.35+/-3.60 (right side) and 27.37+/-5.80 (left side) posterior to fronto-zygomatic suture, 8.80 +/-2.25 (right side) and 8.66 +/2.21 (left side) from lateral edge of sphenoidal ridge and 39.58+/-3.49(right side) and 38.84+/-3.48 (left side) from lateral margin of optic canal. Mean length of pterion was 14.06+/-2.96 on right side and 14.58+/4.06 on left side. Mean thickness of skull at pterion was 5.72 +/-1.41 on right side and 5.77+/-1.29 on left side. Type 1 and type 2 of asterion were observed in the skulls. Conclusion: The present study is in agreement with previous studies on different populations and concludes that the morphologic and morphometric patterns of pterion and asterion in skulls of Indian origin are similar to those in other populations.
Forearm Bone Mineral Density of Normal Indian Population

Background and Objectives: Bone density measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) recognized now as a safe and accurate technique [1] is being done frequently. But the T-score and Z-score values are interpreted using the reference value of Asian population provided by the manufacturer and not of Indian population. This may lead to improper diagnosis of Osteoporosis in Indian population. In this context we compared the young reference values and age-related values of bone density of the normal Indian population with the reference value of Asian population provided by the manufacturer. Methods: Through DEXA normal healthy individuals who were prospective renal donors were scanned. Results & Conclusion: Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of distal radius and ulna, proximal radius and ulna, proximal radius of normal Indian female and BMD of proximal radius and ulna of male population are found to be less considering the reference value of Asian population provided by the manufacturer. Hence it may be inappropriate to use the reference value of Asian population provided by the manufacturer to calculate the T-score and Z-score in Indian population.
A highly elastic and moldable polyester biomaterial for cardiac tissue engineering applications

Polyester biomaterials are used in tissue engineering as scaffolds for implantation of tissues developed in vitro. An ideal biodegradable elastomer for cardiac tissue engineering exhibits a relatively low Young’s modulus, with high elongation and tensile strength. Here we describe a novel polyester biomaterial that exhibits improved elastic properties for cardiac tissue engineering applications. We synthesized poly(octamethylene maleate (anhydride) 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylate) (124 polymer) prepolymer gel in a one-step polycondensation reaction. The prepolymer was then molded as desired and exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light to produce a cross-linked elastomer. 124 polymer exhibited highly elastic properties under aqueous conditions that were tunable according to the UV light exposure, monomer composition, and porosity of the cured elastomer. Its elastomeric properties fell within the range of adult heart myocardium, but they could also be optimized for higher elasticity for weaker immature constructs. The polymer showed relatively stable degradation characteristics, both hydrolytically and in a cellular environment, suggesting maintenance of material properties as a scaffold support for potential tissue implants. When assessed for cell interaction, this polymer supported rat cardiac cell attachment in vitro as well as comparable acute in vivo host response when compared to poly(L-lactic acid) control. This suggests the potential applicability of this material as an elastomer for cardiac tissue engineered constructs.