Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homogenization of freshwater fish faunas after the elimination of a natural barrier by a dam in Neotropics

Aim We quantify biotic homogenization of fish fauna caused by the elimination of a natural barrier between two freshwater ecoregions. We also evaluated fish introductions by different mechanisms such as aquaculture, angling and the aquarium trade in the homogenization of fish assemblages. The relative importance of native extinctions in the homogenization process was assessed by simulating the exclusion of threatened species in the data set.
Parapercis phenax from Japan and P. banoni from the Southeast Atlantic, New Species of Pinguipedid Fishes Previously Identified as P. roseoviridis

The pinguipedid fish Parapercis phenax, formerly identified as P. roseoviridis (Gilbert), is described as a new species from 42 specimens, 87.2-179.7 mm SL, taken by trawl in 322-600 m on the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. It differs from the endemic Hawaiian P. roseoviridis in having 60-64 lateral-line scales (vs. 54-57), 10-13 lower-limb gill rakers (vs. 8-10), and in larger size (largest roseoviridis, 159 mm SL). Parapercis banoni, trawled in 220-235 m on the Valdivia Bank in the southeastern Atlantic and first identified as P. roseoviridis by Banon et al. (2000), is described from 4 specimens, 148-191.5 mm SL. It is closest to P. phenax, but differs in having a broader interorbital width (5.5-5.7% SL vs. 3.2-5.1% SL for phenax), shorter pelvic fins (17.0-17.6% SL vs. 18.3-23.1% SL for phenax), and no black pigment on the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. Parapercis maritzi Anderson (1992), described from 12 specimens, 131-167 mm SL, collected in 80- 200 m off Transkei and KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, represents a 4th species of the roseoviridis complex.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ABUTILON INDICUM L. AND PAEDERIA FOETIDA L

Antioxidants are also known as free radical scavengers. They are a group of complex compounds found in our diet that act as a protective shield in our body against certain disease like arthritis, cataract, cardiac disease and premature ageing. Plants are considered as a potent source of antioxidant molecules for a long time. Abutilon indicum (Linn.) and Paederia foetida (Linn.) are two important medicinal plants used in a wide range of therapy in traditional healing system. The present study was focused with evaluation of antioxidant potential of these two plants. For this purpose fresh leaf of both the plants were extracted with phosphate buffer, PVPP, PMSF and EDTA. The extract was assayed spectrophotometrically for the total protein content and through native gel electrophoresis for peroxidase, catalase and superoxidase dismutase. From the present analysis it was observed that Abutilon indicum was more potent than Paederia foetida. The pigment content of both the plant were also analyzed and found that chlorophyll content of Abutilon indicum slightly more than the Paederia foetida, however carotenoid content is more in case of Paederia foetida.
Genetic parameters of mastitis-correlated milk components in first parity dairy cows

Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cattle because of lower production, discarded milk, culling, and lower milk payment. Healing is difficult and number of chronically infected cows is important. Genetic selection for production traits has decreased the averaged genetic merit for functional traits, such as udder health. For a few years, udder health has been added in breeding programs, but only a few countries (e.g. Nordic countries) collect clinical mastitis in the field. Other countries generally estimate udder health breeding values indirectly from somatic cell score (SCS), which is more heritable (0.15 – 0.30) than clinical mastitis (0.03 – 0.06) (Shook (2006)). However, the genetic correlation between SCS and clinical mastitis ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 (Wojdak-Maksymiec et al. (2006)) indicating that in some cases, SCS is not sufficient. With recent advances in estimation of milk components using mid-infrared spectrometry (e.g. Soyeurt et al. (2006), Soyeurt et al. (2009)), it is now possible to have the composition of several additional milk components. The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations between mastitis-correlated milk components and therefore to study the interest of using of a multitrait model instead of a single-trait (SCS) model for providing udder health breeding values.
STUDY ON HUMORAL AND CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES FOLLOWING PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN IMMUNIZATION IN RABBITS

Pasteurella multocida infection is a major disease in most of animal species. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and outer membrane protein (OMP) are the main surface antigens responsible for the immunization, microbiological significance and for pathogenesis of the disease. For this reason a local strain of Pasteurella multocidawas Isolated, their putter membrane protein were extracted and purified and their LD50 was 250 /ml. Fifteen rabbits were S/C immunized with OMP 25 /Kg /rabbit, 2doses and at 2 weeks intervals. The other 15 rabbits were injected with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a control group. High level of antibodies were detected in immunized LPS group with the meant ± SE (83 ± 19.2) whereas, in control group (2 ± 0.063). Also the OMP group showed high level of cell mediated immune response detected by delayed type hypersensitivity skin test and high Concentra tion level of interferon gamma (INF- ) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF -"� ) comparable to the control group.
Reply to Anonymous Referee #1

This paper proposed a new method for determining the upper and lower bounds of the thermocline. The method applies the sigmoid function to fit the Argo temperature profiles, then locates the mixed layer depth (MLD) and maximum thermocline depth (MTD) by using a temperature threshold (0.2â„ƒ ). The authors provided convincing evidence that the new method can determine similar MLD as the other two widely used methods (HT09 and B04). Next, they presented the global climatology of thermocline thickness and characterized their distribution patterns. The method is easy to conduct, and the MLD and MTD can be calculated as promised in the paper, although some details need to be reconsidered. The paper is well organized with a clear presentation, and I believe the new method is of great value to the readers and will help oceanographers who are interested in calculating MTD, after some adjustments.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF APHID PREDATORS AND PARASITOIDS ON PUBESCENT POTATO PLANTS

Abstract During 2 field seasons, Coccinellidae (primarily Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni, Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, H. tridecimpunctata, and H. glacialis) were the most abundant predators on potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum × S. berthaultii, F3) with various densities of glandular pubescence. Highly pubescent clones had the highest percentage of predator eggs, while clones with the lowest trichome densities had the highest percentages of immature and adult predators. By comparison, high numbers of aphid parasitoid mummies (primarily Aphidius and Praon spp.) occurred on clones with moderate to high densities of glandular pubescence. During both years, predators and parasitoids were most abundant in late July and August. Résumé Au cours de 2 saisons de croissance, les Coccinellidae (surtout Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni, Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, H. tridecimpunctata et H. glacialis) se sont avérés les prédateurs les plus abondants sur des hybrides de pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum × S. berthaultii, F3) montrant divers degrés de pubescence glandulaire. Les clônes ayant une forte pubescence ont reçu le pourcentage le plus élevé d'oeufs de prédateurs, alors que les clones ayant les densités de trichomes les plus faibles avaient les pourcentages les plus élevés de prédateurs immatures et adultes. Par comparaison, les nombres les plus élevés de momies de parasitoïdes d'aphides (surtout des Aphidius et Praon spp.) ont été observés sur les clones à densité moyenne à élevée de pubescence glandulaire. Les prédateurs et parasitoïdes ont été les plus abondants à la fin juillet et en août.
Dietary fiber extraction for human nutrition—A review

ABSTRACT Fiber is a mixture of nonstarch polysaccharides that resist digestion by enzymes in the gastrointestinal canal. Some known methods of extracting fiber from plant sources include dry processing, wet processing, chemical, gravimetric, enzymatic, physical, microbial, or a combination of these methods. Modified wet milling is the most cost-effective in the wet milling group, as it uses minimal chemicals, produces high purity products, and uses less water than the other methods. The purity of fibers extracted using the modified wet milling method range from 49.7% to 89.6%. An ideal extraction method should be affordable and produce fibers of high purity.
Sub chronic Evaluation of Cipr ofloxacin and Perfloxacin on Sperm Parameters of Male Guinea Pigs

Ciprofloxacin and Perfloxacin are fluorinated quinolone antibiotics. They are among the drugs of choice for the long term treatment of bacterial prostatitis and epididymitis infection in humans. They are known to have high concentration in semen, prostate, epididymis, vesicle gland, and tissues of testis in human. Studies showed that they are safe for therapeutic use but there are reports that the ed spermatogenesis in animals. This study was designed to investigate the time dependent toxicological effect of these drugs on spermatogenesis. Forty five (45) adult male guinea pigs which were divided into two (2) experimental sections of nine (9) groups with each group containing five (5) animals were used in this study. 42.87mg/kg/day of Ciprofloxacin and 34.29mg/kg/day of Perfloxacin were orally administered to these animals for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively while the control group received oral sterile water. Perfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin produced significant decrease (p<0.05) in testicular weight, sperm count, sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Perfloxacin produced significant decrease (p<0.05) in the body weight of these animals. Significant increase (p<0.05) in sperm morphology, sperm debris and sperm primordial cell was observed in these animals. It is therefore concluded that these doses of Ciprofloxacin and Perfloxacin which are higher than therapeutic doses may be detrimental to spermatogenesis in a time dependent manner.
Ordinary User Experiences at Work: A Study of Greenhouse Growers

We investigate professional greenhouse growers’ user experience (UX) when using climate-management systems in their daily work. We build on the literature on UX, in particular UX at work, and extend it to ordinary UX at work . In a ten-day diary study, we collected data with a general UX instrument (AttrakDiff), a domain-specific instrument, and interviews. We find that AttrakDiff is valid at work; its three-factor structure of pragmatic quality, hedonic identification quality, and hedonic stimulation quality is recognizable in the growers’ responses. In this paper, UX at work is understood as interactions among technology, tasks, structure, and actors. Our data support the recent proposal for the ordinariness of UX at work. We find that during continued use UX at work is middle-of-the-scale, remains largely constant over time, and varies little across use situations. For example, the largest slope of the four AttrakDiff constructs when regressed over the ten days was as small as 0.04. The findings contrast existing assumptions and findings in UX research, which is mainly about extraordinary and positive experiences. In this way, the present study contributes to UX research by calling attention to the mundane, unremarkable, and ordinary user experiences at work.
Dynamics for Establishing Secondary Schools in Modern Kenya:

Following independence in 1963, Kenya saw the fl ourishing of a community-led movement to establish secondary schools known as Harambee. In the Harambee Movement, required contributions were proportional to the ability to contribute, encouraging wealth redistribution via the establishment of local schools. This study examined the role played by local communities in the provision of educational opportunities in modern Kenya to shed light on current secondary-school development through a comparison with the Harambee Movement. Analysis of fi ve case study secondary schools in Sub-County X, Busia County, Kenya, revealed that, since the Harambee Movement, the overlap between the communities that provide educational opportunities and the communities that make use of them has been shrinking, while at the same time there has been an expansion in school options available to students and their guardians. At new schools, the need for options was recognized among the various actors involved in schools’ establishment. The community-minded wealth redistribution function accomplished by former Harambee Movement schools continued in a modified form, diverging into two strands operating before or after a school’s registration as a public school. This changed the limited resource redistribution from the wealthier members of the community and to a cost burden—not necessarily based on a spirit of community— shouldered by those sending children to a given school. This study results suggested that changes in and stratifi cation of the community involved in a school interacted with a diversification in the approaches to school involvement to complicate regional disparities, and these disparities may be found increasingly at a more micro-level.
The influence of culture on maternal attachment behaviours: a South African case study

Abstract It is widely accepted that culture is a contextual factor that can affect mother–infant attachment. Cultural beliefs are translated into child-rearing patterns that influence maternal responsiveness to infant attachment behaviours and could thus affect sensitive caregiving that lies at the heart of secure attachment. This article reports on the findings of a study that explored the influence of culture on maternal caregiving behaviours in the multi-cultural South African context. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews conducted with participants from three study samples to ascertain their perceptions of socio-cultural influences on attachment. Two samples consisted of mothers and mental health professionals, respectively, who represented different South African cultures (Xhosa, Sotho, Zulu, Coloured, Indian and White). The third sample consisted of experts in the field of attachment. The research findings indicate that culture could influence maternal caregiving behaviours. Although all the participants valued good caregiving, some maternal responses to infant attachment behaviours varied among participants from different cultures. The research emphasises the importance of considering local contexts in understanding attachment and maternal sensitivity.
The adaptive algorithm of change of structural redundancy network information systems on the basis of the spectral theories of graphs

Operation is devoted obtaining, on the basis of the spectral theory of graphs, the adaptive algorithm of conversion of basic structural models of network information systems for synthesis of topology with the minimum redundancy meeting requirements of structural stability by the given criteria. On the basis of switchings of Zajdel the method providing on each step of operation of cycles of algorithm a finding cospectral structures of high stability is developed. During researches concepts cospectral structures in narrow and wide sense are formulated. Modeling of operation of algorithm and an estimation of information efficiency cospectral network information systems on the basis of the generalized index – performance coefficient of information transfer taking into account influence of noises is led. Results of modeling confirmed a realizability and serviceability of the received algorithm, and also allowed to generate practical recommendations about its application in a structural circuit of complex multiple loop adaptation.
The Challenges and Panaceas to Power Distribution Losses in Nigeria

Energy losses in the distribution network and its subsystems have been issues of great concerns in Nigeria’s power sector. For decades, several studies have been conducted on the challenges facing the power sector in Nigeria with most focus directed on the distribution subsystems. The major challenge in the distribution system is the high energy losses which are detrimental to the techno-economic benefits of the power systems. However, details of the distribution system challenges and the probable solutions have not been efficiently presented. In this study, some of these challenges are presented and the potential solutions are proposed. The features of the Nigeria distribution network, the technical and non-technical sources of losses as well as the identified challenges are presented before discussing the potential solutions. The panaceas so provided were from the understanding of some published works and other related materials as well as the in-depth understanding of the authors. This article can serve as a guide for the utilities and stakeholders in the power sector for efficient management operations and improved customer service delivery.
Fanaticism Category Generation Using Tree-Based Machine Learning Method

This research has produced categorization of political fanaticism on social media. The results of this study divide political fanaticism into 4 categories: positive, neutral, negative and very negative. The background of the research is that currently social media cannot recognize the elements of fanaticism and does not care about the spread of negative fanaticism. One of the best solutions to prevent the spread of negative fanaticism on social media is to develop a computer system which is able to recognize, categorize fanaticism and reject the entry of negative fanaticism. This research extracts features of sentiment, emotions, and expressions of hatred in opinions on social media. The results of the feature extraction are then processed into knowledge using tree-based machine learning methods, namely Random Forest and ID3. The validation result shows that the knowledge generated by the Random Forest process outperforms other techniques with an accuracy of 91.82%. Knowledge from the Random Forest can be used to categorize fanatical texts based on sentiment, emotion and hatred in further research
Communication, Collaboration and Care Coordination: The Three-Point Guide to Cancer Care Provision for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians

Aim: To explore health professionals’ perspectives on communication, continuity and between-service coordination for improving cancer care for Indigenous people in Queensland. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in a purposive sample of primary health care (PHC) services in Queensland with Indigenous and non-Indigenous health professionals who had experience caring for Indigenous cancer patients in the PHC and hospital setting. The World Health Organisation integrated people-centred health services framework was used to analyse the interview data. Results: Seventeen health staff from six Aboriginal Community Controlled Services and nine health professionals from one tertiary hospital participated in this study. PHC sites were in urban, regional and rural settings and the hospital was in a major city. Analysis of the data suggests that timely communication and information exchange, collaborative approaches, streamlined processes, flexible care delivery, and patient-centred care and support were crucial in improving the continuity and coordination of care between the PHC service and the treating hospital. Conclusion: Communication, collaboration and care coordination are integral in the provision of quality cancer care for Indigenous Australians. It is recommended that health policy and funding be designed to incorporate these aspects across services and settings as a strategy to improve cancer outcomes for Indigenous people in Queensland.
In-Hospital Mortality From Cerebrovascular Disease

Introduction Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the second most common cause of death. Despite the advances made in recent years with the introduction of specific treatment units and thrombolytics, CVD remains the leading cause of neurological hospitalization and adult disability. Objective Our objective is to determine the frequency and causes of early mortality, during hospitalization, of patients with acute CVD. Methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of 704 patients treated for acute CVD at the Neurology Service of the Hospital in Curitiba, Brazil, over a period of three years, to whom the CVD Program protocol was applied. We checked the conditions at hospital discharge, obtaining the mortality rate and its causes. Results We studied 463 men and 241 women, over 14 years of age with an average of 64 years; 57 patients died. Of the 614 with ischemic CVD, nine males and four females died, establishing a mortality rate of 1.9%. Of the 90 patients with hemorrhagic CVD, 44 died: 26 male and 18 female. The main causes of death were arrhythmias, pneumonia with acute respiratory failure, acute myocardial infarction, and multiple organ failure. Conclusion We found no relationship between mortality and specific risk factors, except for age over 65 years. The low rate of deaths obtained in ischemic stroke reflects the multidisciplinary work involved in caring for patients with cerebrovascular disease in our center, which allows us to obtain results as low in mortality as those described in the literature.
MAXIMALLY STABLE MODEL ECOSYSTEMS CAN BE HIGHLY CONNECTED

Community ecologists have long sought to understand the basis for two apparently conflicting observations. The first is the evident persistence of complex communities through time. The second is the theoretical result that, in general, complex model communities are less likely to be stable than simpler ones. Previous attempts to reconcile these observations have studied the average properties of model communities constructed under a variety of different assumptions. The problem with such studies is that the set of all possible models, even when subject to strict constraints, is very large relative to the subset that may be representative of real communities, and it is unclear which constraints to apply. Here, it is assumed that real communities are a highly restricted subset of all possible models, and attention is focused instead on properties of communities constructed to be as stable as they could be. Geometrically derived analytic results show that in general, communities constructed in this way require high levels of connectance, as measured by the product of the strength and frequency of interspecific interaction. In particular, connectance between weakly and strongly self-regulated elements of these communities is of critical importance.