Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Uterine Causes of Female Infertility by Ultrasound: A Literature Review

Background & aim: Various uterine disorders lead to infertility in women of reproductive ages. This study was performed to describe the common uterine causes of infertility and sonographic evaluation of these causes for midwives. Methods: This literature review was conducted on the manuscripts published at such databases as Elsevier, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SID as well as the original text books between 1985 and 2015. The search was performed using the following keywords: infertility, uterus, ultrasound scan, transvaginal sonography, endometrial polyp, fibroma, leiomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia, intrauterine adhesion, Asherman’s syndrome, uterine synechiae, adenomyosis, congenital uterine anomalies, and congenital uterine malformations. Results: Atotal of approximately 180 publications were retrieved from the respective databases out of which 44 articles were more related to our topic and studied as suitable references. In addition, 11 published books on ultrasonography and infertility were evaluated to provide more precise knowledge on the mentioned areas. According to the literature, ultrasonography has a crucial role in the investigation and differentiation of uterine disorders in females with infertility. However, the diagnosis depends on the day of menstruation, clinical prese-ntations, and the suspected uterine disorder. In this review, we provided the key notes about proper timing of the ultrasound examination. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is the first step imaging tool in the investigation of female infertility, which provides information for the diagnosis of uterine disorders. However, the accurate diagnosis depends on the “time of evaluation”. Therefore, every midwife needs to learn about the “optimum timing” for ultrasound evaluation based on each patient.
METHODS USED FOR DRUG TARGETTING TO THE COLON : 1 . Formation of prodrugs : ( Example : Azo-Prodrug , Glucuronide

1. P.D. M College of Pharmacy, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India Day by day there are new developments in field of colon specific drug delivery system. Colonic drug delivery has gained increased importance not just for the delivery of the drugs for the treatment of local diseases associated with the colon like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, etc. but also for the systemic delivery of proteins, therapeutic peptides, anti-asthmatic drugs, antihypertensive drugs and anti-diabetic agents. New systems and technologies have been developed for colon targeting and to overcome pervious method’s limitations. Colon targeting holds a great potential and still need more innovative work. This review article discusses, in brief, introduction of colon along with the novel and emerging technologies for colon targeting of drug molecule. Keyword: Colon drug delivery, Crohn’s disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease
CREDIT SPREADS: THEORY AND EVIDENCE ABOUT THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF STOCKS, BONDS AND CDSs*

This paper presents a procedure for computing homogeneous measures of credit risk from stocks, bonds and CDSs. The measures are based on bond spreads (BS), CDS spreads (CDS) and implied stock market credit spreads (ICS). We compute these measures for a sample of North American and European firms and find that in most cases, the stock market leads the credit risk discovery process with respect to bond and CDS markets.
A Neuroblastoma × Glioma Hybrid Cell Line with Morphine Receptors

Abstract A neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cell line with well-developed neural properties was found that has high-affinity morphine receptors. The average cell contains approximately 3 × 106 receptors. In contrast, parent cells and other neuroblastoma or hybrid cell lines tested had few or no morphine receptors.
Rethinking Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission: A Framework for Implicating Host and Vector Species

1 Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 3 Centre for Communicable Diseases, icddr,b, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 4 Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 5 Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
Construction of high realistic sensation fusion space over the ultrahigh-speed network

In this research, the prototype system of a new fusion reality that combined a virtual space with a real space was constructed. We located the technique that used a wireless interface and the high-resolution display to the enhancing method of the virtual reality technology. In addition, the technique that used video avatar and an ultrahigh-speed network was located to the enhancing method of the tele-immersion technology. In this paper, the space by the extended method of the virtual reality technology and the tele-immersion technology is defined as the fusion reality. We constructed a new digital traditional crafting system that aimed at the next generation's succession support as a prototype system. In this paper, the system evaluation of the prototype system is clarified.
Early changes in tumor size in patients treated for advanced stage nonsmall cell lung cancer do not correlate with survival

In clinical trials, change in tumor size is used to stratify patients into response categories. The objective of the current study was to: 1) determine whether early change in the tumor size were correlated with survival in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using modified response categories from the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), and 2) to determine whether there was an optimal percentage change in tumor size that could be used to define a partial response that also correlated with survival.
Soft tissue thickness determination using CBCT in periodontics: A review

Accuracy of facial soft tissue thickness has been an important step in formulating a treatment plan for various procedures in the field of periodontology. There are various methods to measure soft tissue thickness but accuracy of these methods is questionable till date. The aim of this article is to make people aware of the new technology i.e., cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) its role, accuracy and its reliability in measuring the thickness of the oral soft tissues, which will further help in improving the treatment plan followed by better results. Therefore, this review aims to assess the effectiveness of CBCT in determining soft tissues.
Shared reflex pathways of group I afferents of different cat hind‐limb muscles.

The convergence of group I muscle afferents of different muscle origin onto interneurones in spinal reflex pathways has been investigated using the technique of spatial facilitation of the transmission from afferents to motoneurones. The investigated pathways are those of non‐reciprocal inhibition and of oligosynaptic excitation of motoneurones. Extensive convergence has been found of group I afferents from muscles operating at the same and different joints onto the interneurones interposed in both excitatory and inhibitory, disynaptic and trisynaptic pathways to motoneurones. Convergence has been found between muscle spindle Ia and/or tendon organ Ib afferents from different muscles, thereby extending observations on convergence of these subgroups of group I afferents from the same muscles. The results show that group I afferents of different muscles influence motoneurones via shared neuronal pathways and that transmission from these afferents is influenced by afferents originating in other muscles. The afferent information forwarded to individual motoneurones is therefore the ensemble picture of the length and tension of many muscles.
Freight transportation efficiency through horizontal cooperation in Flanders

This paper describes a practical application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to the Flemish road transportation sector. The efficiency of 82 road transportation companies responding to a large-scale survey focused on horizontal cooperation is evaluated, based on two inputs and two outputs. Various DEA models are used to identify differences between subgroups of respondents. The results demonstrate that, in general, Flemish road transportation companies operate at unacceptably low efficiency levels. Given the findings that the median company is operating on too small a scale, one apparent remedy would be a dramatic increase in market concentration through mergers and acquisitions.
Content Management and Its Implementation of Universities' Knowledge Management

To promote the application of knowledge management in universities. The functions and characteristics of knowledge management are analyzed in this paper. Based on the author's many years of educational background, the paper breaks down the universities' knowledge management into three parts: teaching, scientific research, and students management, the framework of each knowledge base is summarized. The paper concludes that when implementing knowledge management in universities the idea of openness should be a precondition, and leadership attention as assurance, while attention should also be paid to management of information technology and personnel management, incentive mechanism, and resource construction.
Modeling and Verification of a Bimanual-Coordinated Training System

Recently, much attention has been paid to the development of robots that support bilateral arm training in various patterns. However, traditional bimanual rehabilitation robots usually realized different training modes with the robot providing a corresponding force for the impaired limb or else achieved an active-assisted mode with the healthy limb providing an assisted force for the impaired one. This paper proposes a robot to support bimanual-coordinated training. Different training modes are realized with one limb providing a corresponding force for the other limb. Two upper limbs accomplish symmetric movements in each training mode. Motion tracking training in active-resisted and active-assisted modes was performed on 11 healthy subjects. After bimanual-coordinated training, position tracking precision was significantly improved. The preliminarily results confirmed the feasibility of the system for supporting healthy subjects in performing bimanual-coordinated training tasks and demonstrated the effectiveness of the system in improving bimanual-coordinated performance of healthy subjects. Such a system could be potentially useful for patients who are in need of motor function rehabilitation after incidents such as stroke.
Sex Steroid Ablation Enhances Immune Reconstitution Following Cytotoxic Antineoplastic Therapy in Young Mice

Cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy is used to treat malignant disease but results in long-term immunosuppression in postpubertal and adult individuals, leading to increased incidence and severity of opportunistic infections. We have previously shown that sex steroid ablation (SSA) reverses immunodeficiencies associated with age and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in both autologous and allogeneic settings. In this study, we have assessed the effects of SSA by surgical castration on T cell recovery of young male mice following cyclophosphamide treatment as a model for the impact of chemotherapy. SSA increased thymic cellularity, involving all of the thymocyte subsets and early T lineage progenitors. It also induced early repair of damage to the thymic stromal microenvironment, which is crucial to the recovery of a fully functional T cell-based immune system. These functional changes in thymic stromal subsets included enhanced production of growth factors and chemokines important for thymopoiesis, which preceded increases in both thymocyte and stromal cellularity. These effects collectively translated to an increase in peripheral and splenic naive T cells. In conclusion, SSA enhances T cell recovery following cyclophosphamide treatment of mice, at the level of the thymocytes and their stromal niches. This provides a new approach to immune reconstitution following antineoplastic therapy.
Living after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. A qualitative analysis of patient narratives

The purpose of this study was to illuminate the experience of living after radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer (LPC). Ten men were interviewed after RP. The interview text was qualitatively analyzed using the content analysis. The men suffered from worry, anxiety, and distress, and longed for life as they had lived it before the diagnosis. Changes in bodily functions after RP include urine incontinence (UI) and/or erectile dysfunction (ED) making the patient feel like a changed man with a lost sex life, with changes in his intimate relations with his wife, and with lowered self-esteem. Most men choose to cope on their own. Coping strategies in our study population included finding new areas of interest and a new focus in the present. In the present study, living after RP meant striving to gain control over, and become reconciled with, the new life situation as a changed man living with an altered self.
Intense exercise up‐regulates Na+,K+‐ATPase isoform mRNA, but not protein expression in human skeletal muscle

Characterization of expression of, and consequently also the acute exercise effects on, Na+,K+‐ATPase isoforms in human skeletal muscle remains incomplete and was therefore investigated. Fifteen healthy subjects (eight males, seven females) performed fatiguing, knee extensor exercise at ∼40% of their maximal work output per contraction. A vastus lateralis muscle biopsy was taken at rest, fatigue and 3 and 24 h postexercise, and analysed for Na+,K+‐ATPase α1, α2, α3, β1, β2 and β3 mRNA and crude homogenate protein expression, using Real‐Time RT‐PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Each individual expressed gene transcripts and protein bands for each Na+,K+‐ATPase isoform. Each isoform was also expressed in a primary human skeletal muscle cell culture. Intense exercise (352 ± 69 s; mean ±s.e.m.) immediately increased α3 and β2 mRNA by 2.4‐ and 1.7‐fold, respectively (P < 0.05), whilst α1 and α2 mRNA were increased by 2.5‐ and 3.5‐fold at 24 h and 3 h postexercise, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant change occurred for β1 and β3 mRNA, reflecting variable time‐dependent responses. When the average postexercise value was contrasted to rest, mRNA increased for α1, α2, α3, β1, β2 and β3 isoforms, by 1.4‐, 2.2‐, 1.4‐, 1.1‐, 1.0‐ and 1.0‐fold, respectively (P < 0.05). However, exercise did not alter the protein abundance of the α1–α3 and β1–β3 isoforms. Thus, human skeletal muscle expresses each of the Na+,K+‐ATPase α1, α2, α3, β1, β2 and β3 isoforms, evidenced at both transcription and protein levels. Whilst brief exercise increased Na+,K+‐ATPase isoform mRNA expression, there was no effect on isoform protein expression, suggesting that the exercise challenge was insufficient for muscle Na+,K+‐ATPase up‐regulation.
The relationship between information system (IS) innovation and innovation among Iranian small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

Information system (IS) innovation is one of the most important types of innovation. IS innovations frequently demand the fashioning and incorporation of new roles, responsibilities, relationships, lines of authority, control mechanisms, work processes and work flows-in short, new organizational designs. The survival and growth of business enterprises increasingly depends on their ability to respond to globalization and rapidly changing in market demands, technologies and consumer expectations. Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute 94% of Iranian firms. According to Iran statistic website the value added of 94% of Iranian firms is just about 10% of the whole value added in country. This study assumes the lag of IS and innovation is the reason of uncompetitive nature of Iranian SMEs. This paper reports on the results of a study that examined Information system (IS) innovation among a sample of 86 managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Iran. As the survey results show that the most information resource is clients, customers and acquisition of external knowledge has a positive and significant effect on innovation. Iranian SMEs are not collaborating with universities and higher education institutions; they do not see university as a main source of information. Keywords: IS innovation, innovation, SMEs.
The movement shortfall in bird conservation: accounting for nomadic, dispersive and irruptive species

Efforts to prioritize conservation planning are undermined by several recognized knowledge shortfalls. Here we highlight a further shortfall, which we term the ‘movement shortfall’, in our knowledge of species movements, with particular reference to dispersive, irruptive and nomadic birds. Despite 100 years of ringing effort, the movement characteristics of these species are still poorly known, as the irregularity of their movements and low human population densities in parts of their range impede traditional methods. A lack of understanding of their movements, combined with an inappropriate conservation approach that relies on protected areas and international frameworks, means that the conservation status of these species continues to deteriorate. We call for the application of new tracking technology and outreach initiatives to help formulate innovative conservation approaches that are better suited to species with irregular movement behaviours.
Differences between sites of binding to DNA and strand cleavage for complexes of bleomycin with iron of cobalt

The sequence specificity of bleomycin A5 and of its light‐activated cobalt complex were compared by examining the relative cleavage of each strand of two DNA fragments by either species. Significant differences between the two metallobleomycins were observed. The iron–bleomycin (Fe–BLM) complex cleaved the DNA molecules preferentially at dinucleotides GpT and GpC, whereas the light‐activated cobalt‐bleomycin complex (Co–BLM) showed a preference for cutting at the dinucleotide Gp A in addition to cleavage at every GpT dinucleotide. Further, new sites of preferential cleavage were noted for Co–BLM in regions of the DNA where enhanced reaction with DNAaseI can be observed in the presence of the antibiotic. No differences in the cutting behaviour of the Fe–BLM were evident upon irradiation of the reaction mixture. A reduction in the relative efficiency of cutting at GpC sequences by Co–BLM is responsible for the previously observed diminution of double‐strand breaks under condition of photoactivated cleavage. The results are discussed in terms of the likely production of highly reactive, diffusible cutting elements in the light activated reaction, which cause cleavage of the DNA in regions where the antibiotic is not bound.
Biosynthesis of the Lantibiotic Mersacidin: Organization of a Type B Lantibiotic Gene Cluster

ABSTRACT The biosynthetic gene cluster (12.3 kb) of mersacidin, a lanthionine-containing antimicrobial peptide, is located on the chromosome of the producer, Bacillus sp. strain HIL Y-85,54728 in a region that corresponds to 348° on the chromosome ofBacillus subtilis 168. It consists of 10 open reading frames and contains, in addition to the previously described mersacidin structural gene mrsA (G. Bierbaum, H. Brötz, K.-P. Koller, and H.-G. Sahl, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 127:121–126, 1995), two genes, mrsM and mrsD, coding for enzymes involved in posttranslational modification of the prepeptide; one gene,mrsT, coding for a transporter with an associated protease domain; and three genes, mrsF, mrsG, andmrsE, encoding a group B ABC transporter that could be involved in producer self-protection. Additionally, three regulatory genes are part of the gene cluster, i.e., mrsR2 andmrsK2, which encode a two-component regulatory system which seems to be necessary for the transcription of the mrsFGEoperon, and mrsR1, which encodes a protein with similarity to response regulators. Transcription of mrsA sets in at early stationary phase (between 8 and 16 h of culture).
Supply chain practices: study and framework for future development

Supply chain practices (SCPs) have been identified as the most important strategies for medium and large organisations and have become a prerequisite for success in the global market. SCPs act as important tools to achieve competitive advantage together with strengthening organisational competitiveness. The objective of this paper is to obtain different SCPs from literature and develop conceptual framework for future development. An extensive overview of published research papers were carried out to obtain different SCPs and development of framework. Through literature, 15 SCPs along with construct were obtained which are implemented in small, medium and large organisations. As no framework is available considering the combine SCPs, the conceptual framework is developed for future research. The result of this paper will help in providing greater understanding of SCPs, and the framework developed can lead to successful implementation SCPs to improve customer satisfaction, organisational and financial performance.
Genetically Engineered Food Labels, Information or Warning to Consumers?

Abstract Since 1999, one of the major issues surrounding genetically engineered foods is a concern about mandatory food labeling. This study investigated framing effects of genetically engineered food labeling on consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions toward genetically engineered food products. According to the results of this study, participants showed different attitudes and purchase intentions toward three different types of food labels (e.g., engineering (bio/genetic), biotechnology, and genetic modification). The framing effects of three types of labels indicated that participants exposed to “engineering” (i.e., “bioengineering” or “genetic engineering”) labels showed higher perceived benefits, lower perceived risks, more positive attitudes, and higher purchase intentions than those who are exposed to “biotechnology” and “genetic modification” labels. Framing of food labels was found to play an important role in shaping consumers' perceptions of, and attitudes and behavioral intentions toward, genetically engineered food products. This gives a helpful practical implication regarding how to create an effective marketing message to marketing communicators, public relations practitioners, risk communicators, and public policy makers.
A comparative study of manufacturing and service sector supply chain integration via the uncertainty circle model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences and similarities between the manufacturing and services sectors in order to develop a methodology that can provide the opportunity for the transfer of best practice between the two sectors. This paper aims to describe an audit methodology capable of yielding objective comparisons of supply chain integration performance that can assist practitioners and academics to transfer learned solutions. Design/methodology/approach – A robust, site-based, multi-method supply chain diagnostic for detecting manufacturing supply chain system uncertainty was amended for the service sector in order to yield objective comparisons of the (normalised) supply chain integration performances of 119 organisations. Findings – The research confirms the value of using a lens enabled by the uncertainty circle model (UCM) for generating meaningful comparative supply chain performances. The research found that services do not always exhibit unique attributes which effectively bar manufacturing-based supply chain best practice from being adopted within the service sector. Originality/value – Combining the UCM and Quick Scan Audit Methodology approach has the potential to assist the spread of proven good practice across both sectors. The framework provides realistic and repeatable performance vectors, capable of aligning estimates of value stream health status even when comparing supply chains with differing objectives, configurations, and performance goals.