Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
There’s No Place like a Favorite Place: The Role of Place on Donative Behavior

This research explored the role of place on emotions and behaviors through 2 studies. After establishing the significant role place has on emotions and behavior in Experiment 1, Experiment 2 was conducted to help understand the environmental influences on pro-environmental and pro-social intentions and on donative behavior. In the first experiment, donative behavior was explored following prompts that asked participants to reflect on a nostalgic place, nostalgic event, ordinary place, ordinary event, or favorite place. The first experiment also investigated how feelings of place attachment and nostalgia compare on established functions of nostalgia, including positive affect, self-regard, social-connectedness, and meaning in life. Participants included 253 individuals, 155 females and 97 males (1 not specified), recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants who reflected on an ordinary event had significantly lower levels of the 4 functions of nostalgia than did participants who reflected on a favorite place (p <.001), nostalgic place (p = .008), or nostalgic event (p = .003). The effects favorite places have on nostalgic functions may suggest that place attachment provides functions similar to those afforded by nostalgia. It was hypothesized that the nostalgic groups would allocate the most money to charity, however this was not supported. Members of the group who recalled a favorite place gave the most to charity, and the amount donated was significantly different from the nostalgic event (p = .007) and ordinary event conditions (p = .009). Interestingly, the amount donated by the favorite place group was significantly different from the amounts given by members of both event groups, but not by members of the other two place groups, suggesting the significant role of place on donative behavior. The second experiment explored different environmental influences on pro-environmental behavioral intentions, prosocial behavioral intentions, and donative behavior. Participants were assigned to 1 of 5 environmental conditions: threatened nature, nature, urban, childhood home, or no environment. Participants included 252 individuals, 138 females and 114 males, recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. It was hypothesized that participants in the nature and threatened nature conditions would have the highest proenvironmental intentions and allocate the most money to charity, due to the effects nature has on prosociality, empathy, and giving. There were no significant differences between pro-social behavioral
Design of Feedback Variable Rate Spraying System Based on ARM

In order to realize variable rate spraying and ensure the spraying effect, a set of feedback variable spraying control system based on ARM was designed. The system takes the vehicular ARM controller as the core and adopts Linux operating system to obtain the information such as vehicle speed, liquid flow rate and pressure at the nozzle collected by the CAN bus. The system can online process the data and send the function code to the drive circuit, according to the input user's needs, to achieve realization of electric ball valve DC motor speed control under pulse width modulation. And then the current spraying quantity is changed, and ultimately based on the speed of the vehicle. The simulation test and actual vehicle test were carried out. The test results showed that the speed of the vehicle was 4 ~ 10 km/h and the control error of this system variable was less than 5%, which satisfied the requirement of variable spraying operation. Keywords—variable spraying; control system; ARM; CAN bus; precision agriculture
P-Lactamase Production by Intestinal Spirochaetes

Q-Lactamase production was demonstrated in four of nineteen strains of intestinal spirochaetes isolated from human subjects. The enzyme was preferentially active against penicillins and was inhibited by clavulanic acid; it was membrane bound and non-inducible. No plasmids were detected in the intestinal spirochaetes and the P-lactamase-production characteristic was not transferable to non-producing strains.
Economic methods used in health technology assessment

ECONOMIC METHODS USED IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT Blanka Klímová, Petra Marešová Early decision-making process about the development of a new product is essential for any company in order to gain relevant fi nancial returns and thus prosper. Therefore, managers need to have at their disposal appropriate assessment tools which assist them in their decisions about the development of the new product and guarantee that their product will generate a desirable profi t. The purpose of this review focuses on the exploration of the methodology, commonly used in the economic evaluation as part of health technology assessment for medical devices. On the basis of the selected original studies, the authors summarize the main methods used in the decision-making processes about the development of new medical devices and discuss their benefi ts and limitations. The methods employed in this study include a method of literature search in the databases Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase, and a method of comparison and evaluation of the results. The fi ndings of this study indicate that the most preferred methods used in the economic evaluations of medical device development are cost-utility analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. In addition, the Headroom Method is recommended to be used in the early assessment of the medical device development since it uses broader estimates of potential by determining the maximum reimbursable price of the new device. Selection of each method then depends on the research question, the condition of interest, and the availability of data on outcomes. There is an urgent need to conduct the early assessment of the medical device development in order to avoid negatively high costs and prevent a failure rate at each stage of the development process.
TFisher Tests: Optimal and Adaptive Thresholding for Combining $p$-Values

For testing a group of hypotheses, tremendous $p$-value combination methods have been developed and widely applied since 1930's. Some methods (e.g., the minimal $p$-value) are optimal for sparse signals, and some others (e.g., Fisher's combination) are optimal for dense signals. To address a wide spectrum of signal patterns, this paper proposes a unifying family of statistics, called TFisher, with general $p$-value truncation and weighting schemes. Analytical calculations for the $p$-value and the statistical power of TFisher under general hypotheses are given. Optimal truncation and weighting parameters are studied based on Bahadur Efficiency (BE) and the proposed Asymptotic Power Efficiency (APE), which is superior to BE for studying the signal detection problem. A soft-thresholding scheme is shown to be optimal for signal detection in a large space of signal patterns. When prior information of signal pattern is unavailable, an omnibus test, oTFisher, can adapt to the given data. Simulations evidenced the accuracy of calculations and validated the theoretical properties. The TFisher tests were applied to analyzing a whole exome sequencing data of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Relevant tests and calculations have been implemented into an R package $TFisher$ and published on the CRAN.
IFN-c in turtle : Conservation in sequence and signalling and role in inhibiting iridovirus replication in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis tp

The IFN-c gene was identified in a turtle, the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, with its genome consisting of 4 exons and 3 introns. The deduced amino acid sequence of this gene contains a signal peptide, an IFN-c family signature motif IQRKAVNELFPT, an NLS motif KRKR and three potential N-glycosylation sites. As revealed by real-time quantitative PCR, the gene was constitutively expressed in all tested organs/tissues, with higher level observed in blood, intestine and thymus. An induced expression of IFN-c at mRNA level was observed in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) in response to in vitro stimulation of LPS and PolyI:C. The overexpression of IFN-c in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle artery (STA) cell line resulted in the increase in the expression of transcriptional regulators, such as IRF1, IRF7 and STAT1, and antiviral genes, such as Mx, PKR, implying possibly the existence of a conserved signalling network and role for IFN-c in the turtle. Furthermore, the infection of soft-shelled turtle iridovirus (STIV) in the cell line transfected with IFN-c may cause the cell death as demonstrated with the elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and cell mortality. However, the mechanism involved in the antiviral activity may require further investigation. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. t
Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Aspect of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Interactions

Increasing susceptibility of broiler chickens to ascites syndrome has coincided with a continuing genetic and nutritional improvement in their feed efficiency and growth rate. Imbalance between oxygen supply and the oxygen required to sustain rapid growth rates and high food efficiencies is believed to be the primary cause of ascites. This imbalance is caused by exogenous and/or endogenous factors. Selection in fast growth broilers, have also resulted in the development of birds with changed anatomical, physiological, metabolic and hematological parameters including thyroid hormone activity, partial pressure of O2 and carbon dioxide in venous blood, cardiac β-adrenergic receptors and hematocrit levels that coincide with susceptibility to ascites in broiler chickens. Observations to date have indicated that the structural or endocrine changes are often linked with ascites susceptibility and may be influenced during the early stages of development, embryogenesis and incubation. In this review, particular attention is paid to the interactions between endogenous and exogenous factors as predisposing factors for development of ascites syndrome. Additionally, preventive management procedures like different lighting schedules, feed restriction protocols and supplementation of feed with antioxidants which reduce the incidence of ascites in broiler chickens are highlighted.
A Modulation Scheme for Floating Source Multilevel Inverter Topology with Increased Number of Output Levels

This paper presented and studied a new switching scheme for floating source multilevel inverters to produce more levels with the same number of switching devices. In the proposed scheme, the function of the dc sources, except the inner one, is to build up square wave or blocks that is close in the shape to the desired sinusoidal wave. The job of the inner switching devices is to increase the number of the levels to produce smother sinusoidal wave in the inverter output. This job can be done by adding or subtracting the value of the inner dc source to/from the blocks. The topology used in this paper is based on the conventional floating source multi-level inverter using two legs. This topology and modulation technique show substantial reduction in the total harmonics distortion when the modulation technique is the hybrid method. The performance of the proposed switching scheme in generating more levels has been evaluated by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation.
On Levi-Civita’s Alternating Symbol, Schouten’s Alternating Unit Tensors, CPT, and Quantization

The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate that by adopting a unifying differential geometric perspective on certain themes in physics one reaps remarkable new dividends in both microscopic and macroscopic domains. By replacing algebraic objects by tensor-transforming objects and introducing methods from the theory of differentiable manifolds at a very fundamental level we obtain a Kottler-Cartan metric-independent general invariance of the Maxwell field, which in turn makes for a global quantum superstructure for Gauss-Ampère and Aharonov-Bohm “quantum integrals. ” Beyond this, our approach shows that postulating a Riemannian metric at the quantum level is an unnecessary concept and our differential geometric, or more accurately topological yoga can substitute successfully for statistical mechanics. AMS Subject Classification: 58-XX, 53-XX, 82-XX,
Transition from shifting cultivation to rubber cultivation in Tripura: socio-economic and ecological impact.

In the Southeast Asian uplands including Tripura, a North Eastern state of India, agricultural transition is underway from subsistence production of shifting cultivation to commercial plantation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). Though there are reports of positive impacts of this transition both on the socio-economic conditions of the concerned people and on the ecology of the concerned area, still it is questionable as there are certain adverse reports and assumption. In the light of studies in different Southeast Asian Countries including Tripura of India, the prospects and concerns of its impact have been reviewed in this paper in Tripura perspective.
A cheap portable eye-tracker solution for common setups

We analyze the feasibility of a cheap eye-tracker where the hardware consists of a single webcam and a Raspberry Pi device. Our aim is to discover the limits of such a system and to see whether it provides an acceptable performance. We base our work on the open source Opengazer (Zielinski, 2013) and we propose several improvements to create a robust, real-time system which can work on a computer with 30Hz sampling rate. After assessing the accuracy of our eye-tracker in elaborated experiments involving 12 subjects under 4 different system setups, we install it on a Raspberry Pi to create a portable stand-alone eye-tracker which achieves 1.42° horizontal accuracy with 3Hz refresh rate for a building cost of 70 Euros.
Profile of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Nigerians with Stroke

Background: There is paucity of data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among stroke patients in our population. This study aimed at assessing CVD risk factors amongst stroke patients compared with apparently healthy controls. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano. One hundred stroke subjects were consecutively recruited and compared with 100 age and sex matched controls. The CVD risk factors assessed were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status (SES), increased age, male gender and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Results: Mean age was 56.4 ± 15.8 years for cases and 54.5 ± 15.4 years for controls (p = 0.39), and 53% of the former and 52% of the latter were males (p = 0.887). The most prevalent CVD risk factor was hypertension, found in 71% of cases and 42% of the controls, (p = 0.01). All heart diseases were found in 70% of cases and 21% of controls (p < 0.001), and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) was the commonest, found in 55% of cases and 18% of controls (p < 0.001). Dyslipidemia was found in 53% of cases and 37% of the controls (p = 0.023), diabetes mellitus/hyperglycemia in 23% of the cases and 6% of the controls (p = 0.01), history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) in 19% of cases and 1% of the controls (p = 0.01), while atrial fibrillation was found in 9% of cases only. Other risk factors were uncommon. Conclusion: The most frequent CVD risk factors among Nigerians with stroke were systemic hypertension, heart diseases, male sex and dyslipidemia, while HIV and other risk factors were uncommon. Thus medical attention and public enlightenment should focus on the common ones as detected in this study.
Small-molecule drugs development for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder with no effective therapeutic drugs currently. The complicated pathophysiology of AD is not well understood, although beta-amyloid (Aβ) cascade and hyperphosphorylated tau protein were regarded as the two main causes of AD. Other mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, deficiency of central cholinergic neurotransmitters, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, were also proposed and studied as targets in AD. This review aims to summarize the small-molecule drugs that were developed based on the pathogenesis and gives a deeper understanding of the AD. We hope that it could help scientists find new and better treatments to gradually conquer the problems related to AD in future. Graphical Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegeneration brain disease, but there is no effective treatment of drugs. This review aims to summarize the recent development of small-molecule drugs for treating AD, so that researchers can understand the progress of AD drug research and development more deeply. We hope that this review can provide meaningful guidance for future AD drug development.
Rehabilitation of motor function after stroke: A bibliometric analysis of global research from 2004 to 2022

Background and aims The mortality rate of stroke has been increasing worldwide. Poststroke somatic dysfunctions are common. Motor function rehabilitation of patients with such somatic dysfunctions enhances the quality of life and has long been the primary practice to achieve functional recovery. In this regard, we aimed to delineate the new trends and frontiers in stroke motor function rehabilitation literature published from 2004 to 2022 using a bibliometric software. Methods All documents related to stroke rehabilitation and published from 2004 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Publication output, research categories, countries/institutions, authors/cocited authors, journals/cocited journals, cocited references, and keywords were assessed using VOSviewer v.1. 6.15. 0 and CiteSpace version 5.8. The cocitation map was plotted according to the analysis results to intuitively observe the research hotspots. Results Overall, 3,302 articles were retrieved from 78 countries or regions and 564 institutions. Over time, the publication outputs increased annually. In terms of national contribution, the United States published the most papers, followed by China, Japan, South Korea, and Canada. Yeungnam University had the most articles among all institutions, followed by Emory University, Fudan University, and National Taiwan University. Jang Sung Ho and Wolf S.L. were the most productive (56 published articles) and influential (cited 1,121 times) authors, respectively. “Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on upper extremity function 3–9 months after stroke: the Extremity Constraint Induced Therapy Evaluation randomized clinical trial” was the most frequently cited reference. Analysis of keywords showed that upper limbs, Fugl–Meyer assessment, electromyography, virtual reality, telerehabilitation, exoskeleton, and brain–computer interface were the research development trends and focus areas for this topic. Conclusion Publications regarding motor function rehabilitation following stroke are likely to continuously increase. Research on virtual reality, telemedicine, electroacupuncture, the brain–computer interface, and rehabilitation robots has attracted increasing attention, with these topics becoming the hotspots of present research and the trends of future research.
Thirty years of progeny from Chao’s inequality: Estimating and comparing richness with incidence data and incomplete sampling

In the context of capture-recapture studies, Chao (1987) derived an inequality among capture frequency counts to obtain a lower bound for the size of a population based on individuals’ capture/non-capture records for multiple capture occasions. The inequality has been applied to obtain a non-parametric lower bound of species richness of an assemblage based on species incidence (detection/non-detection) data in multiple sampling units. The inequality implies that the number of undetected species can be inferred from the species incidence frequency counts of the uniques (species detected in only one sampling unit) and duplicates (species detected in exactly two sampling units). In their pioneering paper, Colwell and Coddington (1994) gave the name “Chao2” to the estimator for the resulting species richness. (The “Chao1” estimator refers to a similar type of estimator based on species abundance data). Since then, the Chao2 estimator has been applied to many research fields and led to fruitful generalizations. Here, we first review Chao’s inequality under various models and discuss some related statistical inference questions: (1) Under what conditions is the Chao2 estimator an unbiased point estimator? (2) How many additional sampling units are needed to detect any arbitrary proportion (including 100%) of the Chao2 estimate of asymptotic species richness? (3) Can other incidence frequency counts be used to obtain similar lower bounds? We then show how the Chao2 estimator can be also used to guide a non-asymptotic analysis in which species richness estimators can be compared for equally-large or equally-complete samples via sample-size-based and coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation. We also review the generalization of Chao’s inequality to estimate species richness under other sampling-without-replacement schemes (e.g. a set of quadrats, each surveyed only once), to obtain a lower bound of undetected species shared between two or multiple assemblages, and to allow inferences about undetected phylogenetic richness (the total length of undetected branches of a phylogenetic tree connecting all species), with associated rarefaction and extrapolation. A small empirical dataset for Australian birds is used for illustration, using online software SpadeR, iNEXT, and PhD.
Sustainability and economic theory: an organism in premise

[Abstract]: So what is the link if any between economic management theory and sustainability? Is it the interrelatedness of the world international economies; but alongside connectedness comes vulnerabilities? as I reflect on the impact of the economic turmoil and the deepening economic contractions of late 2008.Since economic traditions are migrating towards sustainable development raising the need for an understanding of operational principles of Sustainability. what are its implications for the engineering industry in particular commodities sector, with this in consideration I would like to call on Gaia hypothesis Lovelock (1972) that proposed living and non-living parts of the earth form a complex interacting system that can be thought of as a single organism, similarly another interesting and relative theory is that of Meadows in his book “Limits to Growth” (1972) modeling the consequences of a rapidly growing world population and finite resource supplies, commissioned by the Club of Rome. This paper examines juxtaposition of sustainability in economic management theory using the laws of thermodynamics. The objective of this review paper is to collaborate on the economic dimensions of sustainability. We posit that cohesiveness between economic theory and sustainability are necessary to alleviate the current credit crunch. We argue that a sustainable management theory as an organism is a key determinant of economic relationships; it thus highlights the relationship between industry sectors diversification and economic sustainability.