Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model of Zika virus transmission and control measures

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus capable of infecting humans through mosquito bites as well as through sexual contact between humans. ZIKV mitigation has traditionally focused on the reduction of the presence and abundance of mosquitoes. As the mosquitoes adapt to pesticides, the use of personal preventive measures will have to play a crucial role in controlling the spread of ZIKV. To evaluate different kinds of preventions, we consider a new mathematical model for ZIKV dynamics that incorporates four control measures, including two separate prevention measures, one for mosquito bite prevention and one for sexual transmission prevention. We study the model both analytically and numerically. We show that the mosquito bite control measure is more important for disease elimination and mitigation than the sexual transmission prevention.
Nutrition Security: Role of Sustainable Food Systems in Eliminating the Triple-Burden of Malnutrition

Some people do not have enough food, while others are eating too much. Malnutrition in all forms, undernutrition, overnutrition and diet-related diseases is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Food produced in one part of the world is being wasted causing grave environmental impacts, while in another part there is lack of food for consumption leading to hunger. Rapid global population growth with an increase in demand for food is straining the health of the planet. These problems coexist and plague the world. An all-encompassing solution to these challenges is to make the food systems sustainable. Food systems have the potential to nurture both planetary and human health, but the present food systems are threatening both. Achieving a universal healthy population from healthy diets and sustainable food production should be the global public health goal. ​The transition to sustainable food systems requires moving from an agriculture centred food system to policy and research framework. ​Food and Nutrition Security should spearhead the transition since it is both a precursor as well as an outcome of sustainable food systems. This paper discusses all these linkages in detail and also looks at how the triple burden of malnutrition can be eliminated by sustainable food systems in the Indian context.
Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Stroma. Surgical Management and Tyrosinase Inhibitors (ITK)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are tumors that can have a benign or malignant behavior. They originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal in the digestive tract. These entities have a slow growth and are recognized as a finding in imaging studies or in the intraoperative as a cause of intestinal occlusion, gastrointestinal bleeding or acute abdomen. Below we present two clinical cases with different presentations. The diagnosis is made with histopathology. Treatment of these tumors is essentially surgical, although it can be completed with targeted molecular therapy.
NO-REFERENCE IMAGE BLUR DETECTION SCHEME USING FUZZY INFERENCE

A BSTRACT . The scanned document images from hand holding cameras may be deformed with image degradations factors such as blur and noise due to limitations of these hand held devices. Image blur is the common cause of image degradation. In this paper, Fuzzy inference based blur detection procedure is proposed for document images. The proposed algorithm achieves 95% accuracy that is superior to other prominent algorithm in the no-reference blur detection area.
The Role of Formal and Informal Credit in Agriculture Sector: A Case Study of District Faisalabad, Pakistan

The study aims to examine the role of formal and informal credit in the agriculture sector. The agriculture sector is considered the backbone of the economy of Pakistan. Credit is used as the most important source to enhance the productivity of the agriculture sector. Primary data were collected after choosing a sample of respondents of formal and informal credit users from district Faisalabad. It was observed from the literature that the disbursement of credit to farmers has a more important and effective role in agricultural output. So to check this impact the study in hand was carried out. The study also includes an exploration of the role of formal and informal credit on the productivity and profitability of farmers. The data were collected from 100 formal credit borrowers and 50 informal credit borrowers from district Faisalabad. Primary data were collected randomly through a well-designed questionnaire from farmers. Multiple regression analysis was used for the estimation of the results. This method was used to estimate the role of formal and informal credit in the agriculture sector. The results showed that annual income increased after getting the loan. The focus of the study was to investigate the role of formal and informal credit in the agriculture sector. The result showed that informal credit was more convenient in terms of timely availability of loans, less distance to travel, less time delay, and no specific securities. In this way, this study concluded that formal and informal credit has a significant impact on agricultural productivity, and the trend of agriculture credit has been gradually increased has a positive impact on income.
Pre-Service Teachers' Attitudes towards STEM: Differences Based on Multiple Variables and the Relationship with Academic Achievement

STEM education has benefits for students, such as increasing achievement and improving attitudes, motivation, interest toward STEM disciplines, and higher-order thinking skills. Teachers' characteristics, perceptions, and attitudes related to STEM influence teachers' implementation of integrative STEM approaches and, as a result, shape the learning environment. This study examined 513 pre-service teachers' attitudes towards STEM in terms of multiple variables (department, class level, gender, having a traineeship, or information about STEM) and investigates the relationship between participants' attitudes and academic grade point averages. Participants were pre-service preschool, classroom, science, and mathematics teachers that can be considered the basis of the STEM pipeline. Data were collected via a survey and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation. Results show that pre-service science teachers, senior pre-service teachers, and participants who had information or a traineeship about STEM had more positive attitudes towards STEM. There was no relationship between attitudes and grade points. It was also seen that the attitudes towards engineering-technology explain the most variance in the attitudes towards STEM. Therefore, the teacher preparation programs should give more attention to integrate the courses of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and help the pre-service teachers (regardless of their departments) to realize the connectedness of STEM subjects.
An analyzing process on wireless protection criteria focusing on (WPA) within computer network security

Network security from a long ago approaches to cryptography and hash functions which are tremendous and due to the weakness of different vulnerabilities in the networks and obviously there is a significant need for analyzes. In this manuscript, the state-of-the-art wireless environment is focused solely on the sensor technology, in which security needs to be integrated with the Wireless Protected Access (WPA) standards. Wireless networking includes numerous points of view from wireless sensor systems, ad hoc mobile devices, Wi-Max and many more. The authentication and dynamic encryption is modified by system managers so that general communication can be anchored without any sniper effort in order to perform higher degrees of security and overall execution. The key exchange mechanism in wireless systems such as forward cases is accompanied by the sophisticated cryptography so as to anchor the whole computer state. The manuscript carries out a significant audit of test points of view using the methodologies used for the cryptography angle for protection and honesty in the wireless case, stressing Wi-Fi Secure Protected (WPA) needs.
The Journal of Studies in Language

The Journal of Studies in Language 34.2, 215-231. This paper examines acoustic cues of Korean word-internal stops from the production and perception tests. Korean word-internal lax, aspirated and tense stops were mainly distinguished by closure duration and H1-H2 cues rather than VOT or F0 cues which function as major cues for the contrast of Korean word-initial stops. For the word-internal stop contrast, VOT and F0 cues were weakened or neutralized, but the closure duration cue was somewhat strengthened by its more significant differences among the three stops: the ratios were 1:2.4:2.9. In addition, 50% of lax stops were voiced during their closure. The primary role of the closure duration in perception was confirmed through the stop identification test: 90% of the consonant portions with short closure duration were identified as lax stops. The distinctive values of H1-H2 among the three stops were observed and also contributed to the identification of Korean word-internal stops, especially aspirated vs. tense stops. (Pai Chai University)
First Principles Study on Electronic and Optical Properties of Quinary Copper-based Sulfides and Selenides Cu2HgGe(S1-xSex)4

Electronic and optical properties of Cu2HgGe(S1-xSex)4 compounds (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) were revealed by density functional theory (DFT), in which the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid functional was used. Dependence of band gap on the Se constituent in Cu2HgGe(S1-xSex)4 was reported. The substitution of Se element basically cause a slightly lattice expansion and minor change of the band gap. Meanwhile, the overlap of Cu and S/Se states becomes more dense leading to better electron/hole pair separation and inter-band transition of photo-excited electrons. The Cu2HgGe(S0.75Se0.25)4 compound was predicted to be very promising absorber due to the low band gap, high absorption rate, and low reflectivity in the incoming light energy range from 0 eV to 2 eV.
Formation mechanism analysis and experimental investigation of single-step printing customized circuits by liquid-metal direct writing

Abstract. Liquid-metal direct writing is a cost-effective and green technology, which is very promising for the customized fabrication of flexible circuits and functional devices. However, owing to the high surface tension of metal ink, the printed circuits are prone to intermittent outflow, large forming size error, and unstable forming. The smooth flowing and conveying of liquid-metal ink are still huge challenges that need significant attention. Herein, the force mechanism of liquid-metal ink transported by ball rotation and translation of the printing head was analysed, and the wetting characteristics of liquid metal on the surface of different substrates and its influence on forming morphology were investigated. The stable output printing of gallium indium alloy (GaIn24.5) liquid metal was realized. The changing characteristics of the shape and size of the liquid-metal circuits formed under different printing speeds and writing pressures were experimentally studied. The effective process window for obtaining the best circuit quality was established. Based on this, a flexible printed circuit board and functional electronic pattern were successfully printed under the writing pressure W=1 N and printing speed F 800 mm min −1 . The printed lines of GaIn24.5 exhibited a smooth surface, uniform width, small size error, and ability to connect electronic components and conduct electricity. This research proposes a new technical approach for customized printing of personalized electronic circuits and has important application prospects in the future.
Metabolomics: An Emerging Tool for Precision Medicine

BACKGROUND: Metabolomics is a developed technology that comprehensively analyzes the metabolites in biological specimens. It appears to be a prospective method in the practice of precision medicine. CONTENT: Metabolomic technologies currently surpass beyond the traditional clinical chemistry techniques. Metabolomic is capable to perform a precise analysis for hundreds to thousands of metabolites, therefore provide a detailed characterization of metabolic phenotypes and metabolic derangements that underlie disease, to represent an individual’s overall health status, furthermore to discover new precise therapeutic targets, and discovery of biomarkers, either for diagnosis or therapy monitoring purpose. SUMMARY: Adequate data processing and quantification methods are still needed to be developed to boost integrated -omics as a powerful clinical practice platform. KEYWORDS: metabolomic, precision medicine, phenotyping, biomarker, nutritional pattern
Forest Tree Composition: A Comparative Study of Timber Species in Bayelsa State Nigeria

Measuring tree species diversity is critical for forest management, particularly where timber species suffer undue anthropogenic pressure. This study was carried out in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A sample plot was systematically chosen from randomly selected communities in each of the three senatorial districts Bayelsa West (BW), Bayelsa East (BE) and Bayelsa Central (BC) of the State. Each sample plots measured 25 m x 25 m and all timber tree species that were at least six feet above ground level within each sample plot were identified, counted and measured. Fifty individual timbers were encountered in the sample plot at Ogobiri community in BW, fifty-two at Kolo 1 community in BE and fifty-six at Gbarain community in BC belonged to 18, 16 and 14 different families respectively. Families with the largest number of species in the plots were Gentianaceae and Meliaceae, and the highest diversity indices were recorded from BE senatorial district. Generally, the basal area of the sample plots increases with an increase in diameter at breast height. The forested zones were on flat terrain characterized by seasonal flood inundation, and the similarities of timber species in the plots occurred as (BW-BC)> (BW-BE)> (BC-BE). Also, four tree species Coelocaryon preussii, Sacoglottis gabonensis, Milicia excelsa and Triplochiton scleroxylon were identified as rare species, and management options that would ensure ad infinitum supply of timber species were proposed.
Quantitative Easing and Inequality: QE impacts on wealth and income distribution in the United States after the Great Recession

In response to Great Recession, the Federal Reserve implemented quantitative easing. Quantitative easing (QE) aided stabilization of the economy and reduction of the liquidity trap. This research evaluates the correlation between QE implementation and increased inequality through the recovery of the Great Recession. The paper begins with an evaluation of the literature focused on QE impacts on financial markets, wages, and debt. Then, the paper conducts an analysis of QE impacts on income, household wealth, corporations and the housing market. The analysis found that the changes in wealth distribution had a significant impact on increasing inequality. Changes in wages were not the prominent cause of changes in GINI post-recession so changes in existing wealth appeared to be a contributing factor. Researching the increases in inequality post-recession provide insight into negative impacts of QE and how to avoid these problems in the future.
PERFORMANCE OF SWEET SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L.) GERMPLASM RESOURCES FOR THEIR INDUSTRIAL TRAITS UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS

Sweet sorghum is an emerging versatile crop species that offers grain for human consumption, fodder for livestock and ethanol for transportation purposes. The knowledge on industrial characters including juice quality traits and sugar components is an indispensable task for improving the crop at commercial level and establish sustainable value chain. In the current study a set of 68 sweet sorghum genotypes comprising land race collections and improved cultivars were evaluated for their fresh biomass yield, stripped stalk yield, dry matter yield, juice yield and quality traits (Purity%, Glucose Recovery%, Reducing sugar%, Sucrose%, and Total soluble sugar). The genotypes showed significant level of variation at p < 0.01 for all the eleven industrial traits regarding the five juice quality parameters measured. The juice purity of the genotypes ranged between 46.04% and 100%. The total soluble solids of the test genotypes had displayed a maximum value of 24.5 and a minimum of 10. The sucrose percent (pol) was found to range between 7.2% and 17.76% percent. This indicates the presence of promising possibility for the future improvement of the crop. The test genotypes were found to be clustered into five distinct clusters. Conclusively, the tested sweet sorghum genotypes displayed a broad range of variability in terms of all the measured industrial crops. The juice quality parameters in the test genotypes were found to be significantly higher as compared to different commercial improved cultivars. This indicates the presence of promising possibility for the future improvement of the crop. The test genotypes were found to be clustered into five distinct clusters. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the evaluated sweet sorghum genotypes had superior performance in terms of their juice yield and quality traits. Hence, they could be exploited in the future improvement of the crop as an industrial crop.
Phenotype-dependent social associations among male sexual rivals in a polygamous fish, the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF APPENDICES . x INTRODUCTION . 1 Mate choice . 1 The importance of the social environment in mate choice . 3 Study species . 8 Thesis objectives and predictions . 10 METHODS . 12 Study population . 12 Part A: Testing for a shoal (social environment) preference in the laboratory . 12 Fish housing conditions . 13 Experimental apparatus . 13 General experimental protocol . 16 Body length and colouration measurements . 19 Statistical analyses . 20 Part B: Testing for social associations among male guppies in the wild . 22 Collection of free-ranging guppy shoals . 22
High Therapeutic Properties of Honey from the Borneo Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama

Introduction: Stingless bee acts as a pollinator and is commonly found in tropical dry and humid forest. Various phenolic compounds have been reported in stingless bee honey which gave antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Objective: The current study focuses on the chemical profiling of honey from Heterotrigona itama on Borneo and evaluation for potential therapeutic properties. Methods: The honey was extracted via liquid-liquid extraction method and analyzed using spectroscopic methods. Results: Strong fatty alcohol signals (3.5-4.5 ppm) indicated significant markers in 1H-NMR. The honey demonstrates excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ( E. coli) (19.0 mm) and stronger antioxidant properties (IC50 33.78 ppm) compared to the Tualang honey (54.90 ppm). Bornean H. itama honey produced lower glucose (61.65-147.44 g/L) and heavy metals content (0.003-0.204 ppm) which is significant in food products. Conclusion: The phenolic, aliphatic acids and fatty alcohols identified in honey contributing to excellent biological properties. This study demonstrated that Borneo H. itama honey is a potential source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
Relationship between Curiosity and Intrinsic Motivation for Science Process Skills

This research aims to analyze (i) the initial curiosity, motivation, and science process skills of students (ii) the relationship between curiosity and science process skills; (iii) the relationship between intrinsic motivation and science process skills; and (iv) the relationship between curiosity and intrinsic motivation toward science process skills.The subject in this study is students of 7th grade An-Nizam Junior High School Medan. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. Data about the curiosity, intrinsic motivation and science process skills were collected by test and nontest instruments. This research was analyzed by using linear regression. The results showed that the intrinsic motivation and curiosity of AnNizam students are already in the high category but students' science process skills are still low. There is no significant relationship between curiosity and science process skills (0.478 > 0.05), intrinsic motivation and science process skills (0.910 > 0.05) and curiosity and intrinsic motivation toward science process skills
Data mining techniques for classifying and predicting Teachers’ performance based on their evaluation reports

Background/Objectives: Teachers’ performance is a key bridge to ensure successful pedagogical and educational objectives. However, the evaluation of teachers’ performance has been used to be a manual and temperamental task for school principals. This traditional context limits the teachers’ engagement to develop his/her performance as well as the principle to predict the strengths and weaknesses attached. Hence, schools’ principals need to use initiative methods to evaluate the teachers’ performance. In this study, a comparative approach was developed to evaluate the teachers’ performance aiming at avoiding the potential biased and temperamental human behaves in the teacher’s evaluation process. Methods: It involves different Data Mining (DM) techniques to identify the key patterns that are driving the teachers’ performance evaluation process. Therefore, the proposed approach extracts several potential and influential indicators mined from a paper-based on teachers’ performance reports at the Directorate of Education/ Southern Ghawrs, along with some demographics variables. Several DM algorithms are used to analyze teachers’ performance reports and predict their performance, such as NB Tree, Naïve Bayes, and Conjunctive Rule methods. Findings: The experimental results show a significant prediction accuracy improvement by (33%) when applying NB Tree compared to Conjunctive rule, and (12%) when compared to Naïve Bayes techniques respectively.
A Novel Medicago truncatule AKT1-null Mutant Impairs Potassium and Sodium Ions Uptake and Affects Root Nodulation

Reverse genetic approach was used to isolate and characterize Medicago truncatula containing “knockout” mutations in gene involved in nodulation process and in many other physiological processes. More than 60 Tnt1-Flanking sequence tags (FSTs) ranging from ~70bp to ~600bp were isolated, sequenced and submitted to Genebank referring for akt1 mutant characterization. The proper Tnt1-insertion was mapped in chromosome number 8 of Medicago truncatula genome. It was precisely identified upstream the base number 141 and downstream of the ATG start codon of Medicago truncatula potassium channel AKT1 gene (MtAKT1). MtAKT1 gene encodes inwardly rectifying potassium channel was isolated, sequenced, and submitted to Genebank with accession number MN649185.1 . M. truncatula akt1 mutant is achieving higher number of deformed root nodules and shorter root length compared to wild type. akt1 nodules exhibited reduced size occupied with un-differentiated cells and abnormalities in symbiotic nodule zones. Non-functional nitrogen fixation zone and compacted infection zone were observed as well. AKT1 null mutant exhibits attenuation in its ability to maintain the proper K^+ and Na^+ ion content in akt1 seedlings which is 2-3 fold less than wild type seedlings,. In contrast, akt1 seedlings showed three-fold increase in Ca^(++) ions concentration compared to wild type. Conclusion Medicago truncatula mutant, akt1 is Tnt1-retrotransposon mutant impaired in inwardly rectifying potassium channel AKT1. As the first reported AKT1 null mutant was isolated from legume plants, this mutant is displaying abnormalities in nitrogen fixation organ and affecting ions uptake.