Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resultados del Taller "Actualización del Plan de Acción para la conservación del huemul Hippocamelus bisulcus (Molina, 1782) en la zona austral de Chile"

El Huemul, especie endemica de Chile y la Argentina, es el cervido mas amenazado de la Region Neotropical. El primer Plan Nacional de Conservacion de la especie se elaboro el ano 2001, dividiendo el trabajo segun territorios especificos. Dentro de este marco, en los anos 2010 y 2015 se realizaron dos talleres para la elaboracion del Plan de la Zona Austral en la Region de Magallanes. Para el ultimo de estos, se realizo una encuesta preliminar para establecer el estado de avance de las acciones propuestas en el 2010 y se aplico la metodologia de Estandares Abiertos para la Practica de la Conservacion para guiar el trabajo. Participaron 32 asistentes de 15 instituciones, que identificaron inconvenientes administrativos, financieros y de recursos humanos para avanzar en la conservacion del huemul. Se definio una meta especifica para el Plan de la Zona Austral y se priorizaron amenazas en el contexto regional, donde las mas relevantes relevantes resultaron ser la competencia con el ganado y la fragmentacion de habitat. Ademas, se esbozaron indicadores y los principales responsables para facilitar el monitoreo de la gestion del Plan de Accion. Abstract The Huemul, a species endemic to Chile and Argentina, is the most threatened cervid in the Neotropical Region. The first National Plan for the conservation of the species was developed in 2001 and divided the territory in different working zones. Within this framework, in 2010 and 2015 two workshops for the development of the Plan for Austral Zone Plan took place in the Region of Magallanes. For the last of them, a preliminary survey was conducted to establish the progress of the actions proposed in 2010 and the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation was applied as a methodology for guiding the work. Thirty-two attendants from 15 institutions identified administrative, financial and human resources drawbacks to advance in Huemul conservation. A specific goal for the Austral Zone Plan was defined and threats were prioritized according to the regional context, where the most important threats identified were competition with livestock and habitat fragmentation. In addition, indicators and the main responsible for facilitating the monitoring of the management of the Action Plan were outlined.
NEW REPORTED SPECIES OF MACRO FUNGI FROM PAKISTAN

A B S T R A C T During the years 2012- 2013, a general survey of macro fungi was conducted in Rahimabad, district Gilgit. It has been observed that the study area have high diversity of macro fungi. In the present study, 19 species of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, of the family Agaricaceae (2 genera with 3 species, Boletaceae (1 genus with 2 species) , Tricolomataceae (3 genera with 3 species) , Coprinaceae (1 genus with 1 sp.) , Helvellaceae (1 genus with 2spp.) Cortinariaceae (1genus1sp.) , Sclerodermataceae (1 genus with 1 sp.) , Lycoperdaceae (1 genus with 1sp.) , Polyporaceae (2 g enera 2spp.) , Psathyrellaceae ( 2 genera 2spp.) and Russulaceae (1 genus 1sp.) were identified. There were 6 species are edible, while the remaining species are non edible. During the survey it was observed that the Boletus separans have extremely valuable for human being. The aim of this research work is to explore and to identify the species of Macro fungi from concern area. It is also noted that the local inhabitants have lack of knowledge about the importance of macro fungi diversity.
Effect of grazing removal on aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank composition in sub-alpine grasslands of northern Iran

Background: Knowledge about vegetation and soil seed bank composition and the processes that contribute to vegetation recovery after the removal of heavy grazing is lacking in sub-alpine ecosystems. Aims: In order to assess the effects of large herbivores on above-ground vegetation (AGV) and soil seed bank (SSB) characteristics, intensively sheep-grazed areas were compared to adjacent areas where grazing had been removed 10 years previously in a sub-alpine grassland of northern Iran. Methods: A total of 40 4-m2 (2 m × 2 m) plots were established in each treatment, and soil samples were collected from each plot within a depth of 10 cm. Plant species composition was determined for each plot during the flowering stage of herbaceous species in June 2011. The seedling emergence method was used to estimate SSB composition. Results: A total of 45 species (23 annuals and 22 perennials) emerged from the soil samples of the grazed area, while the number of species emerged from the soil samples of the previously grazing area was 76 (37 annuals and 39 perennials). The removal of grazing led to a significant increase in species richness and seed density in the SSB. Species turnover of AGV was higher, and that of the SSB was similar for grazed areas compared with areas that were formerly grazed. Detrended correspondence analysis ordination of AGV composition showed a clearly separate structure between grazed plots and plots where grazing has been removed, while the segregation was less clear for SSB composition. Conclusions: We concluded that restoration of locally degraded sites cannot rely on the SSB when grazing is stopped simultaneously and unvegetated gaps are colonised by vegetative growth rather than by seed.
New insights from an attempt to reintroduce Red‐cockaded Woodpeckers in northern Florida

Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Leuconotopicus borealis) were extirpated from Tall Timbers Research Station in the early 1980s. To help meet conservation goals established for this imperiled species in north Florida, we attempted to reintroduce the woodpecker to the research station by constructing artificial cavities and translocating 27 subadult woodpeckers from 2006 to 2010. Successful nesting occurred during the breeding season following the initial translocation of four male–female pairs. Translocations were suspended in 2011 when breeding groups occupied 6 of 12 available clusters of cavity trees. The population increased steadily after 2011 and, in 2015, totaled 28 adults distributed among nine breeding groups plus a single territorial male. The 2015 population included 22 individuals produced at Tall Timbers, an immigrant female, and five birds originally translocated as subadults. Seven breeding groups in 2015 also had non-breeding helpers. New milestones documented during this reintroduction attempt included recruitment of locally produced birds into the breeding population, excavation of natural cavities, two immigration events, and natural expansion into an unoccupied area. We also documented the threat that heavy rains may pose to small populations. Expenses totaled $211,000 during the first 5 yr when translocations and cavity construction were the primary activities. After translocations were suspended, recurring management expenses were ~ $6500 annually. Because our founding population was small (N = 12), intermittent translocations will likely be needed in the future to offset the deleterious effects of inbreeding.
Effect of Shading Fruit by Bagging on the Dry Matter Production

In a previous experiment, dry matter production per unit dry weight leaf (DM/L) increased more than twofold with the increment in the fruit load on apple trees. Fruits on three 10-year-old 'Tsugaru' and 'Fuji' trees/M. 9 were enveloped in bags, and the dry matter production rate of the trees (DM) were compared with the control trees with non-bagged fruits during the 1990 growing season. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effect of fruit photosynthesis on the total dry matter production rate of the trees.1. There were significant correlations between the trunk girth measured early in the growing season and a) the total leaf area (r=0.89) and b) the total leaf numbers (r=0.90), independent of cultivars and the treatments.2. Total dry matter production per tree (DM) was highly correlated with the fruit dry weight (F), whose regression lines were Y=1.21X +5441.0 (r=0.87) for the bagging treatment and Y=1.50X +5164.6 (r =0.99) for the non-bagging treatment (control), respectively. The gradient of the regression lines did not differ significantly between both treatments.3. A highly significant correlation (r=0.87) existed between the fruit/leaf dry weight ratio (F/L) and the dry matter production per unit dry weight leaf (DM/L) of the trees, even if the bagging and the non-bagging treatments were combined. A smaller but significant negative correlation was also found between the leaf area per fruit and DM/L (r= -0.49). The fact that the bagging treatment did not alter these correlations also suggests that the dry matter production by the fruit was not so large as to enhance the total dry matter production rate of the tree significantly.4. The total dry matter production rate per leaf area was higher in 'Tsugaru' than in 'Fuji'.
Comparison of nutrient concentrations in leaves of five plants

ABSTRACT The paper describes investigation on bioaccumulation of mineral elements and identification of plants based on the concentrations of the elements in the plant leaves. Five native plant species (Elytrigia repens, Plantago major, Urtica dioica, Chelidonium majus, and Taraxacum officinale) were studied. To exclude the effects from different growth conditions and developmental stages, the plants were collected simultaneously from the same site (park in St. Petersburg, Russia). It was found that for all plants high concentrations of potassium, sodium, phosphorus and magnesium (K, Na, P, and Mg) were typical, while concentrations of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were the lowest. The most significant difference was found between concentrations of elements in monocots and eudicots. Among other species, T. officinale had the highest concentrations of almost all elements. Excellent separation of the plants into different groups which was due to different element concentrations in the plant leaves was demonstrated.
Zebrafish Nanog is not required in embryonic cells

The study of nanog mutants reveals that Nanog is required only for extraembryonic tissue development, not in embryonic cells. ABSTRACT The role of the zebrafish transcription factor Nanog has been controversial. It has been suggested that Nanog is primarily required for the formation of the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL) and only indirectly regulates gene expression in embryonic cells. By contrast, a more recent study has proposed that Nanog directly regulates transcription in embryonic cells during zygotic genome activation. To clarify the roles of Nanog, we performed a detailed analysis of zebrafish nanog mutants. While zygotic nanog mutants survive to adulthood, maternal-zygotic and maternal mutants exhibit developmental arrest at the blastula stage. In the absence of Nanog, the YSL fails to form and embryonic tissue detaches from the yolk. Zygotic transcription of a subset of embryonic genes is affected in nanog mutants but both the YSL and embryonic phenotype can be rescued by providing nanog mRNA in YSL precursors. Notably, nanog mutant cells transplanted into wild-type hosts proliferate and contribute to embryonic tissues from all germ layers. These results indicate that zebrafish Nanog is necessary for YSL formation but is not directly required for embryonic cell differentiation.
Antimicrobial Activity of Lantana Camara. LINN on Super Bugs: By Invitro Method

To investigate the antimicrobial activity of lantana camara Linn.on NDM 1strain by using in- vitro method. The antimicrobial effect of leaf extract of lantana camara Linn (LELC) alone and with Gentamicin ,Ceftrioxone were evaluated by using in vitro methods namely disc diffusion and agar dilution method. Well characterized and laboratory stocked strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and well characterized NDM-1 strain of Klebsiella pneumonia were used for the evaluation. The antimicrobial activity of LELC by zone of inhibition against NDM1 Strain (1.4mm), E.Coli (3.6mm ),S.aureus (4.2 mm). The additive inhibitory effect of the LELC and gentamicin against E.coli (5.6 mm), LELC and ceftrioxone against S.aureus (5.8 mm). Significant inhibitory effect was established with LELC with gentamicin against NDM1 strain with zone of inhibition (2.3 mm). By agar dilution method the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of LELC against E.Coli (500mcg), S.aureus (500mcg), but when we combine LELC and gentamicin (500mcg+100mcg) it showed inhibition of NDM1 growth. The LELC showed antibacterial effect against NDM1 producing bacteria in addition to gram negative bacteria. Hence LELC has the potential for the development of
Contribuição ao estudo das plantas medicinais no Estado de Alagoas V

This our work has been more a stage, the fifth about the study of the medical hest occurring in Alagoas State. Several excursions have made with the purpose of collecting species occurring in Alagoas State and utilized in homely practice medidine. The botanical families, scientific and common names and a brief description of each species as well as the medicinal usage and the posology. In this work was studied the following species considered medical: Allium scalonicum L. "cebola-branca", Astronium urundeuva (Fr. All.) Engl. "aroeira-do-sertao", Cecropia sp. "imbauba", Coix lacryma-jobi L. "capim-de-contas", Daucus carotaL. "cenoura", Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. "eucalipto", Eugenio jambos L. "jambo-rosa", Eugenia malaccensis L. "jambo-roxo", Genipa americana L. "jenipapo", Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. "mutamba", Helianthus annuus L. "girassol", Hedychium coronariumKoening. "lirio-do-brejo", Imperata brasiliensis Trin. "capim-sape", Jatrophas curcas L. "pinhao-manso", Melocactus bahiensis(Brit. et Rose) Luetzelb. "coroa-de-frade", Monniera trifolia L. "alfavaca-de-cobra", Solidago microglossa DC. "erva-lanceta" and Syzygium jambolana DC. "azeitona".
Avoiding ecosystem collapse in managed forest ecosystems

Many forest ecosystems are thought to be at risk of ecological collapse, which is broadly defined as an abrupt, long-lasting, and widespread change in ecosystem state and dynamics that has major negative impacts on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. However, there is currently a limited ability to accurately predict the risk of collapse for a given forest ecosystem. Moreover, how ecosystem collapse manifests itself will be ecosystem specific, as will be the associated mitigation strategies. In light of these challenges, we present a checklist of 11 practical principles to help managers reduce the risk of ecosystem collapse. These principles include developing a robust definition of collapse that is appropriate for a given ecosystem, managing for multiple ecosystem stressors under increasing uncertainty, adopting conservative approaches to management that account for potential losses of timber resources and limit the risk of overharvesting, and conducting long-term monitoring to gather data on key ecosystem attributes sensitive to ecological change.
HEMOCYTE-MEDIATED MELANIZATION OF MICROFILARIAE

The melanization response of adult female Aedes aegypti (black-eyed Liverpool strain) against intrathoracically inoculated Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed with transmission electron mi- croscopy. The initial reaction involved the lysis of hemocytes at or near the surface of the parasite prior to the deposition of pigment. Subsequently, melanin formation was noted in the area of lysed cells and appeared to cascade onto the parasite surface. Observations suggest that melanin may be synthesized within certain hemocytes and released by exocytosis or upon cell lysis. Intact and disrupted nuclei and cytoplasmic elements from lysed hemocytes became numerous as mff became completely coated with melanin. A double membrane-like structure formed around the melanized mff and cellular debris during the later stages of the reaction, which eventually isolated the melanin capsule from hemolymph components. Results obtained are discussed in relation to the melanization response previously described for Aedes trivittatus.
Cross-resistance of primisulfuron-resistant Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome) to sulfosulfuron

A Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome) biotype with cross-resistance to sulfosulfuron has been identified. The resistant biotype was selected with primisulfuron in Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass) plots near Madras, OR. The plots received two treatments of 20 g ai ha−1 primisulfuron in the fall of 1993, 1994, and 1995. In 1995, control of B. tectorum decreased and greenhouse studies confirmed that the biotype was resistant to primisulfuron. Cross-resistance to sulfosulfuron also was confirmed in greenhouse studies. Metabolism of sulfosulfuron rather than an insensitive site of action is the likely cause of the cross-resistance.
Chemotaxis in the Model Organism Dictyostelium discoideum and Human Neutrophils

Copyright: © 2016 Xu X. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Chemotaxis is referred as directional cell migration guided by chemoattractant gradients and plays critical roles in many physiological processes, including neuron patterning [1], the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation [2], metastasis of cancer cells [3], and development of model organism Dictyostelium discoideum [4]. All eukaryotic cells detect chemoattractants by G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) and share remarkable similarities in the signaling pathways which control chemotaxis [5]. D. discoideum has been proven as a powerful model system to identify new components essential for chemotaxis. During postdoc training, I developed and applied the state-of-the-art live cell/single molecule imaging techniques to visualize spatiotemporal dynamics of GPCR-mediated signaling network that leads to the chemotaxis in D. discoideum [6,7]. The interplay between computational simulation and experimental verification, my studies have revealed a locally-controlled inhibitory mechanism in the GPCR signaling network upstream of PI3K [8]. Ras is a key component of the chemosensing machinery upstream of PI3K. My long-term research interests is to investigate molecular mechanisms underlining chemotaxis in multiple systems: first, identify novel components and signaling pathways essential for chemotaxis using model organism D. discoideum; next, understand the roles of their mammalian counter partners in mammalian systems to identify new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases and metastasis of breast cancer.
Morphological differences among snipefishes (Macroramphosidae: Macroramphosus ) from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans

: A non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis based on 10 quantitative morphological characteristics showed signiﬁcant morphological differences among snipeﬁshes of the genus Macroramphosus from the northwestern Paciﬁc including the East China Sea and the southern Paciﬁc, northern Atlantic, and southern Atlantic oceans. Individuals of theses four sea areas were signiﬁcantly different from each other for at least one characteristic. Considering these results along with those of previous molecular analyses, Macroramphosus is suggested to have speciated or genetically diverged among sea areas.
Not for Parents Only: Begging Calls Allow Nest‐Mate Discrimination in Juvenile Zebra Finches

The benefits of recognition of family members may range from inbreeding avoidance to cooperative and coordinated behaviors within the family group. In birds, recognition of family members has almost exclusively been studied between parents and offspring or within cooperatively breeding societies. Yet, recognition of nest-mates could be of special importance in recently fledged birds of colonial species by helping in locating the nest, maintaining family group cohesion, or allowing detection of feeding opportunities by recognizing the begging calls nest-mates produced on the return of a parent. Here we study nest-mate discrimination based on begging calls in fledglings of domesticated zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), a gregarious songbird living in loose colonies in which juveniles may gather in creches and are fed by parents up to 20 d after fledging. Using playback tests, we show that fledglings called more and spent more time near the loudspeaker in response to the begging calls of their nest-mates than to the calls of other familiar individuals. Because each fledgling was exposed to the repeated association of the begging calls of its nest-mates and the subsequent feeding of its parents, this preferential response to the nest-mates' calls could be a conditioned response to the food reward. Whereas fledglings answered more to male fledgling calls than to female fledgling calls, response to playback was influenced neither by the sex of the subject nor by its brood size. Discriminant function analysis based on acoustic parameters showed that begging calls carried an individual signature as well as a brood signature which might account for such nest-mate discrimination. Begging signals are major study systems of the evolution of communication in the face of conflicts of interest between signalers and receivers. Our results suggest that eavesdropping and communication networks may be other informative frameworks to understand the design of offspring solicitation signals.
Rôle de la conformation des glycoprotéines de l’enveloppe du VIH-1 dans la réponse cytotoxique cellulaire dépendante des anticorps et impact des protéines virales Nef et Vpu

40 Introduction . 41 Env Glycoproteins Conformation . 42 CD4 induced epitopes in the C1-C2 region of Env as potent ADCC targets: epitope cluster A . 44 Role of HIV-1 accessory proteins on Env conformational state . 47 Role of easy-to-elicit non-neutralizing antibodies on ADCC responses . 49 Methods to measure ADCC: . 51 Defining the enemy: the “Trojan Horse” hypothesis of cell-to-cell HIV transmission . 56 Conclusion . 64 Acknowledgments . 64 References . 65 CHAPITRE II TECHNIQUES POUR MESURER LES CHANGEMENTS DE CONFORMATION D’ENV . 80 Introduction . 80 CONFORMATIONAL EVALUATION OF HIV-1 TRIMERIC ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS USING A CELL-BASED ELISA ASSAY . 82 Résumé . 82 Abstract. 83. 83
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) floral volatiles causing attraction of Epilachna dodecastigma (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

ABSTRACT Epilachna dodecastigma (Wied.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) causes economic losses to bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) production in India and Bangladesh because adults feed on the leaves and flowers resulting death of the plant. This insect is currently controlled by insecticides, which are harmful to human health and environment. We studied the behavioral responses of E. dodecastigma females to floral volatiles and synthetic compounds comparable to floral volatiles in a Y-tube olfactometer to determine their potential for monitoring this pest. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analyses of M. charantia floral volatiles revealed the presence of 20 compounds. Myrcene was predominant followed by methyl jasmonate and 1-octadecanol in floral volatiles. Epilachna dodecastigma females were attracted to floral volatiles by a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. Females were attracted to individual synthetic 1-heptanol, sabinene, myrcene and ocimene at 16, 1, 20, and 8 µg/25 mL methylene chloride in a dose response bioassay, respectively, and hence, these compounds might be used for insect pest management strategies such as baited traps.