Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of The Performance of a Small Capacity SI Engine Fuelled with Model Lean Mixture of Biogas

In this paper the results of the experimental study on the SI engine using biogas will be presented. The experiments were carried out on a petrol engine with a low engine displacement. Typical SI engine was selected in order to evaluate the potential application of gaseous fuel (i.e. biogas). These types of engines are available on a wide scale and commonly used in automotive sector because of the low purchase price and operating costs. It is expected that after minor modifications, the engine can easily operate in low power co-generation mode. In an experimental part of this paper a complete study of the biogas combustion is presented and compared with the results for natural gas in the same unmodified petrol engine (without modification to its combustion system). The main objective was to compare and evaluate the performance, efficiency and environmental impact of the engine under lean air/fuel mixture conditions when using alternative fuel, i.e. biogas and natural gas.
CO, Pb ++ and SO2 effects on L-type calcium channel and action potential in human atrial myocytes. In silico study

Exposure to air pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb++) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) promotes the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Experimental studies have shown that CO, Pb++ and SO2 block L-type calcium channels, reducing the calcium current (ICaL) and the action potential duration (APD), which favors the initiation of atrial arrhythmias. The goal is to study the effects of CO, Pb++ and SO2 at different concentrations on ICaL and action potential using computational simulation. For this purpose, models of the effects of the air pollutants on the atrial L-type calcium channel were developed and were incorporated into a mathematical model of a human atrial cell. The results suggest that CO, Pb++ and SO2 block the ICaL current in a fraction that increases along with the concentration, generating an APD shortening. These results are consistent with experimental studies. The combined effect of the three air pollutants produced an APD shortening, which is considered to be a pro-arrhythmic effect.
Desertification risk assessment in Northeast Brazil: Current trends and future scenarios

Desertification is one of the major environmental problems that humanity faces today, since it reduces the availability of ecosystem services, increases food insecurity and poverty, and affects the wellbeing of societies. The analysis of the process is extremely complex, since the phenomenon takes place at different temporal and spatial scales, influenced by different factors. It is widely recognized that land use/land cover change (LULC) is one of the main drivers of desertification since environmental degradation is always triggers by the removal of natural vegetation cover. In this study, a LULC change model was calibrated and validated using climate model simulations, demographic data and land susceptibility maps for the historical period 2000–2010. Then, desertification susceptibility of the Northeast of Brazil were estimated by integrating LULC trajectories with three different downscaled climate change scenarios and projection of population growth for the period 2015–2025, 2025–2035, and 2035–2045 for the emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Results indicated that, between 2010 and 2035–2045, areas of moderate susceptibility decreased 10.34%, while areas of high susceptibility increased 12.28% in the case of the RCP4.5. For the RCP8.5 scenario, those numbers are −16.85% for moderate susceptibility, and +19.62% for high susceptibility. Among all indicators included in the analysis, land management was the main driver of desertification susceptibility, which indicates that mitigation and adaptation strategies for the region should pursue sustainable land use policies.
A retrospective study of histopathological exam reports of appendix in appendectomies performed at a teaching hospital in Dehradun

Appendicitis is one of the commonest causes of acute abdomen presenting with a spectrum of pain in right iliac fossa, vomiting, tenderness, guarding, rigidity and rebound tenderness. Appendix being a vestigial organ in human body often underestimates the importance of merging clinical, laboratory and radiological findings resulting in high negative appendectomies rate to more than 20%. The appendectomies done after applying clinical criteria, radiological findings and lab findings have resulted in reducing negative appendectomies. The peak incidence of appendicitis is highest in age group of 10-30 years of age with a life time risk of 7-8%. Age, gender, seasonal variations have been observed in many studies but reasons for them are still unknown. The usage of Alvarado scoring and Andersson scoring complimenting with radiological findings has significantly reduced the number of negative appendectomies. This study aims to assess the demographic and histopathological findings of all the ABSTRACT
Improving degradation of emerging organic compounds by applying chaotic advection in Managed Aquifer Recharge in randomly heterogeneous porous media

Improving degradation rates of emerging organic compounds (EOCs) in groundwater is still a challenge. Although their degradation is not fully understood, it has been observed that some substances are preferably degraded under specific redox conditions. The coupling of Managed Aquifer Recharge with soil aquifer remediation treatment, by placing a reactive layer containing organic matter at the bottom of the infiltration pond, is a promising technology to improve the rate of degradation of EOCs. Its success is based on assuming that recharged water and groundwater get well mixed, which is not always true. It has been demonstrated that mixing can be enhanced by inducing chaotic advection through extraction‐injection‐engineering. In this work, we analyze how chaotic advection might enhance the spreading of redox conditions with the final aim of improving degradation of a mix of benzotriazoles: benzotriazole, 5‐methyl‐benzotriazole, and 5‐chloro‐benzotriazole. The degradation of the first two compounds was fastest under aerobic conditions whereas the third compound was best degraded under denitrification conditions. We developed a reactive transport model that describes how a recharged water rich in organic matter mixes with groundwater, how this organic matter is oxidized by different electron acceptors, and how the benzotriazoles are degraded attending for the redox state. The model was tested in different scenarios of recharge, both in homogenous and in heterogenous media. It was found that chaotic flow increases the spreading of the plume of recharged water. Consequently, different redox conditions coexist at a given time, facilitating the degradation of EOCs.
Cloud Based IoT Solution for Fault Detection and Localization in Power Distribution Systems

Power restoring time in power distribution systems (PDS) can be minimized by using efficient fault localization techniques. This paper proposes a novel, robust and scalable cloud based internet of things (IoT) solution for identification and localization of faults in PDS. For this purpose, a new algorithm is developed that can detect single and multiple simultaneous faults in the presence of single and multiple device or sensor failures. The algorithm has utilized a zone based approach that divides a PDS into different zones. A current sensing device (CSD) was deployed at the boundary of a zone. The function of CSD is to provide time synchronized current measurements and communicate with a cloud server through an edge device (ED). Another contribution of this research work is the unique implementation of context aware policy (CAP) in ED. Due to CAP, only those measurements are transmitted to cloud server that differ from the previously transmitted measurements. The cloud server performed calculations at regular intervals to detect faults in PDS. A relational database model was utilized to log various fault events that occur in PDS. An IEEE 37 node test feeder was selected as PDS to observe the performance of our solution. Two test cases were designed to simulate individual and multiple simultaneous faults in PDS. A third test case was implemented to demonstrate the robustness and scalability of proposed solution to detect multiple simultaneous faults in PDS when single and multiple sensor failures were encountered. It was observed that the new algorithm successfully localized the faults for all the three cases. Consequently, significant reductions were noticed in the amount of data that was sent to the cloud server. In the end, a comparison study of a proposed solution was performed with existing methods to further highlight the benefits of our technique.
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Question Answering Over Linked Data (QALD-1)

Watson is a computer system capable of answering rich natural language questions and estimating its confidence in those answers at a level of the best humans at the task. On Feb 14–16, in an televised event, Watson triumphed over the best human players of all time on the American quiz show, Jeopardy! In this talk I discuss how Watson works and dive into some of its answers (right and wrong), with a focus on the various uses of linked data as evidence.
Impacts of Composts on Soil and Plant Health

Composts prepared from solid wastes with high concentrations of recalcitrant materials which resist decomposition in soils (bark, wood, yard wastes, etc.), can be used to provide long-term suppression of plant diseases caused by soilborne plant pathogens. Composts prepared from materials that readily decompose in soil such as food wastes and manures, especially those prepared from manure solids without bedding, are much less likely to provide long term beneficial effects. The stability of the organic fraction in composts critically affects efficacy. Fresh materials typically increase diseases for some time after their incorporation into soil, even when inoculated with biocontrol agents. In contrast, after the organic matter has been stabilized by composting, temperatures decline to below 40 C and this allows biocontrol agents to increase their populations in composts to induce disease suppression. Most composting systems, however, do not allow adequate colonization by biocontrol agents after peak heating to induce broad-spectrum disease suppression naturally. Cotrolled inoculation of composts with specific biocontrol agents can improve efficacy. The severity of diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, nematodes and even viruses can be affected by composts. Phytophthora, Pythium and Thielaviopsis root rots can be suppressed by microbiostasis (competition and antibiotic production). Mature composts typically suppress these diseases within days after the organic matter has been incorporated if nutrient loading rates are optimum for the crop and salinity guidelines are not exceeded. Controlled inoculants are not required for these diseases. Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium rolfsii are examples of sclerotium-producing soilborne plant pathogens that require parasitism for effective biological control. Unless specific inoculants are used with composts, suppression of these diseases typically does not develop until months after application. Foliar diseases only are suppressed by those composts that induce systemic resistance (ISR) in plants naturally. Fusarium wilts present a special case. Low C/N composts may aggravate these diseases. High C/N composts inoculated with specific IRS-active Trichoderma strains have been highly effective for control of Fusarium diseases, more so than chemical fungicides. Unfortunately, most composts do not naturally harbor the specific microorganisms that activate ISR in plants. Thus, several factors must be controlled to provide consistent effects against foliar and Fusarium diseases. This paper presents an overview of historical perspectives and of recent findings in this field.
Voltage distortion in large-scale MV and HV distribution networks: Harmonic analysis and simulation

This paper addresses the subject matter of harmonic analysis in MV and HV distribution networks. EDP has been developing harmonic analysis models for simulation of voltage distortion for different topologies in different load and reactive compensation conditions. The corresponding tools will help planners and operators guarantee voltage quality to the maximum number of clients. This paper discusses modeling issues such as the algorithms used and the representation of non-linear loads, lines and transformers. The problem of identification of potential polluters and their representation is also discussed. Procedures to prevent high voltage distortion are presented based on the identification of potential resonance conditions in most probable network configurations.
Photobiology of microorganisms: how photosensors catch a photon and use it for signalling

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Learning from Group Comparisons : Exploiting Higher Order Interactions

We study the problem of learning from group comparisons, with applications in predicting outcomes of sports and online games. Most of the previous works in this area focus on learning individual effects—they assume each player has an underlying score, and the “ability” of the team is modeled by the sum of team members’ scores. Therefore, current approaches cannot model deeper interaction between team members: some players perform much better if they play together, while some players perform poorly together. In this paper, we propose a new model that takes the player-interaction effects into consideration. However, under certain circumstances, the total number of individuals can be very large, and number of player interactions grows quadratically, which makes learning intractable. In this case, we propose a latent factor model, and show that the sample complexity of our model is bounded under mild assumptions. Finally, we show that our proposed models have much better prediction power on several E-sports datasets, and furthermore can be used to reveal interesting patterns that cannot be discovered by previous methods.
A hairy situation: Plant species in warm, sunny places are more likely to have pubescent leaves

Leaf pubescence has several important roles, including regulating heat balance, reducing damage from UV radiation, minimizing water loss and reducing herbivory. Each of these functions could affect a plant's ability to tolerate the biotic and abiotic stresses encountered in different parts of the world. However, we know remarkably little about large scale biogeographic patterns in leaf pubescence. Our aims were: (a) to determine whether a higher proportion of species have pubescence at sites where it is hot, dry and solar radiation is high, and (b) to quantify the latitudinal gradient in pubescence.
Optimizing Human Diet Problem Based on Price and Taste Using Multi-Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming Approach

Low price and good taste of foods are regarded as two major factors for optimal human nutrition. Due to price fluctuations and taste diversity, these two factors cannot be certainly and determinately evaluated. This problem must be viewed from another perspective because of the uncertainty about the amount of nutrients per unit of foods and also diversity of people’s daily needs to receive them.This paper discusses human diet problem in fuzzy environment. The approach deals with multi-objective fuzzy linear programming problem using a fuzzy programming technique for its solution. By prescribing a diet merely based on crisp data, some ofthe realities are neglected. For the same reason, we dealt with human diet problem through fuzzy approach. Results indicated uncertainty about factors of nutrition diet -including taste and price, amount of nutrients and their intake- would affect diet quality, making the proposed diet more realistic.
Entanglement demonstration on board a nano-satellite

Global quantum networks for secure communication can be realized using large fleets of satellites distributing entangled photon pairs between ground-based nodes. Because the cost of a satellite depends on its size, the smallest satellites will be most cost-effective. This Letter describes a miniaturized, polarization entangled, photon-pair source operating on board a nano-satellite. The source violates Bell’s inequality with a Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt parameter of 2.60±0.06. This source can be combined with optical link technologies to enable future quantum communication nano-satellite missions.
Cannabis use and violent behaviour : a psychiatric patients cohort study in Southern Italy Uso di cannabis e comportamento violento : studio di coorte condotto tra pazienti psichiatrici nel Sud

Riv Psichiatr 2013; 48(1): 43-50 43 SUMMARY.An ample volume of research evidence supports the conclusion that drug use/abuse is correlated with violent behaviour. Some studies have shown that co-morbidity also appears to be predictive of violent behaviour. The research evidence indicates gender differences, while socio-economic and familial factors play a role, too. Method.We conducted a retrospective study of the clinical files of four public psychiatric outpatient facilities during five years. The objectives of the research were to identify and analyze relationships between: a) cannabis use/abuse and violent behaviour and b) cannabis use/abuse, psychopathology, and violent behaviour. The study sample consisted of 1,582 subjects. The data, gathered in a dedicated database, were processed by applying univariate and multivariate analysis models. Results. Subjects who used/abused cannabis showed a high prevalence of violent behaviour. Regardless of the type of psychiatric disorder, the use of cannabis appears to be an evident risk factor. Significant correlations also emerged between cannabis use/abuse and the type of violent behaviour, especially self-inflicted injury. Evidence also emerged that other factors are implicated. This is consistent with the current literature proposing multi-causal explanations of violent behaviour.
Caries Experience and Oral Disorders of Disabled Children

Dental caries is a major health problem for disabled children. These special children have chronic diseases; oral disorders; and physical, mental, behavioral, and cognitive impairments; and sensual disorders. They have higher and more severe oral disorders than healthy children, and the majority of these children have poor oral hygiene with high caries prevalence and gingivitis. These special children suffer from oral disease, especially in terms of periodontal disease, oral mucosal pathology, and malocclusion. Parents and caregivers must be educated and encouraged regarding these special children’s dental care and tooth brushing. The dentist should know more information about these special children and should be more careful during treatment. Pediatric dentists must take care of special attention to the oral healthcare of these special children and help them to have healthy smiles.
beta -Mg 2 SiO 4 ; a potential host for water in the mantle?

Electrostatic potentials and Pauling bond strengths have been calculated for a group of oxygen and hydroxyl sites in highpressure silicate and oxide phases. The O1 position in β-Mg2SiO4 more closely resembles a hydroxyl than an oxygen in its electrostatic potential and coordination. This raises the possibility that β-Mg2SiO4 may be a host phase for water in the lower part of the upper mantle, if charge balance can be maintained by partial M-site vacancy as is typical of high-pressure pyroxenes. Partial hydroxyl occupancy of O1 is consistent with synthesis experiments, crystal-structure analysis, and Raman spectroscopic data, but further experimental work is required to confirm and evaluate the significance of this possibility. If it can be demonstrated experimentally that this does occur, there would be substantial consequences for geophysical and geochemical models of the upper mantle.
Lateralization of High‐Frequency Tones

Thresholds for interaural difference between the intensities of dichotic tone pulses were measured on five subjects by the method of constant stimuli, at frequencies between 250 and 10 000 cps and at a sensation level of 50 db. The just noticeable dichotic difference in intensity is about 1 db at 1000 cps, a little smaller at lower frequencies, and still smaller (0.5 db) at higher frequencies. This function is compared with the interaural difference in intensity produced by the just noticeable deviation from the median plane of an actual source of tone pulses. At low frequencies, where phase or time differences are generally considered more important than intensity differences for auditory localization, these two functions differ greatly. At frequencies between 1500 and 6000 cps, the threshold for a dichotic difference in intensity matches the interaural difference in intensity that is produced by the just noticeable deviation from the median plane of an actual source. The relation between the discriminat.
L-SR 1 : A Novel Second Order Optimization Method for Deep Learning

We describe L-SR1, a new second order method to train deep neural networks. Second order methods hold great promise for distributed training of deep networks. Unfortunately, they have not proven practical. Two significant barriers to their success are inappropriate handling of saddle points, and poor conditioning of the Hessian. L-SR1 is a practical second order method that addresses these concerns. We provide preliminary experimental results showing that L-SR1 performs at least as well as several other first order methods, and better than L-BFGS, on the MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets.
Subjective Well-Being Siswa SMA Jurusan IPA dan IPS

Subjective well-being is circumstances of prosperous and self-satisfaction, which is the positive satisfaction that happens if the need and hope of someone is being fulfilled. Subjective well-being is caused by positive effect, negative effect, and life satisfaction effect. The purpose of this research is to find out the difference of subjective well-being of eleventh grades students of science and social programs. The sampling technique of this research is purposive sampling with the number of samples are 147 students in SMA Negeri 3 Kupang. The method of data analysis is t-test analysis method. The result of this research showed that the difference of subjective well-being of eleventh grade students of science and social programs with coefficient contras of t-test is 0,000 with p < 0,05
The Time Has Come for Banks to Say Goodbye: New Evidence on Bank Roles and Duration Effects in Relationship Terminations

Using a matched sample of Japanese banks and firms, we examine what factors determine the termination of the bank-firm relationship. The constraints on bank capital in a Japanese banking crisis increased relationship terminations, implying the presence of a capital crunch in it. Moreover, the "flight-to-quality" behavior of bank prevailed instead of "evergreening" in relationship terminations. We also found that a longer duration of the relationship strongly decreased the probability of termination when Japan's banking system was stable. Such duration effects weakened when the system was fragile, however, the longer duration still had the intertemporal smoothing effects of loan prices.