Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MASS–RADIUS RELATION FOR STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1.5–3.0

We present early results from a Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/IR imaging survey of star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 1.5 < z < 3.0. When complete, this survey will consist of 42 orbits of F160W imaging distributed amongst 10 survey fields on the line of sight to bright background QSOs, covering 65 arcmin2 to a depth of 27.9 AB with a point-spread function FWHM of 0. ″18. In this contribution, we use a subset of these fields to explore the evolution of the galactic stellar mass–radius relation for a magnitude-limited sample of 102 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies (〈SFR〉 ∼ 30 M☉ yr−1) with stellar mass M* ∼ 1010 M☉. Although the light profile of these galaxies often has an irregular, multi-component morphology, it is typically possible to describe the brightest component with a Sersic profile of index n ∼ 1. The circularized half-light radius re of the brightest component is on average 〈re〉 = 1.66 ± 0.79 kpc (i.e., ∼50%–70% the size of local late-type galaxies with similar stellar mass), consistent with recent theoretical models that incorporate strong feedback from star-forming regions. The mean half-light radius increases with stellar mass and, at fixed stellar mass, evolves with cosmic time as ∼(1 + z)−1.42, suggesting that high-redshift star-forming galaxies may evolve onto the local stellar mass–radius relation by redshift z ∼ 1.
Multiple BPEL execution engines based on fragmentation approach and application of service process models

To solve united process customization and collaboration problems of various organizations, service process models fragmentation approaches based multiple BPEL execution engines were proposed. Firstly, a whole consistent model is partitioned as several self-contained implementation sub-chips which are sent to a number of BPEL execution engines respectively based on the different organizations and roles. And based on high-level Petri net puts forward the horizontal fragmentation methodology. Further, this paper verifies correctness of model fragmentation. Then the distribution after fragmentation is also presented to improve the reliability and availability of BPEL execution engines. Finally, this paper illustrates with a business process instance of enterprise supply chain that the fragmentation of process implementation is adaptive to autonomy together with decentralization of services, and can improve the flexibility and interoperability of BPEL execution engines.1
Decentralized congestion control algorithm for vehicular networks using oscillating transmission power

Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) is a vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications technology, which can be used to facilitate the deployment of safety applications for intelligent transport systems. Currently, the channel which is responsible for the awareness of other vehicles suffers from congestion even at moderate vehicular traffic densities. In this paper, we propose a novel method for adjusting the transmission power in a pattern which alternates between high and low powered transmissions. The proposed approach can be used both with and without existing rate control algorithms for V2V communication. Our simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in terms of both awareness levels and packet error rates.
Parallel optimization of broadband underwater acoustic signal MUSIC algorithm on GPU platform

The Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) is a powerful algorithm for determining the Direction of Arrival (DOA). With the increase of the number of elements in a fixed array and the increasing bandwidth of the detection signal, the MUSIC algorithm is faced with a double challenge in complexity and computation It is urgent to improve the computational efficiency to realize in real-time in the passive sonar underwater acoustic signal processing This paper analyzes the computational characteristics of the broadband MUSIC algorithm in underwater acoustic array signal. Combined with large-scale array primitives and multi-frequency points, the GPU parallel optimization of the broadband underwater acoustic array signal MUSIC algorithm is implemented. And the experiments on CPU and GPU platform confirm that GPU parallel has a very good acceleration effect.
Mutation of GOGAT prevents pea bacteroid formation and N2 fixation by globally downregulating transport of organic nitrogen sources

Mutation of gltB (encoding glutamate oxoglutarate amidotransferase or GOGAT) in RU2307 increased the intracellular Gln : Glu ratio and inhibited amino acid transport via Aap and Bra. The mechanism probably involves global post‐translational inhibition independent of Ntr. Transport was separately restored by increased gene expression of Aap or heterologous transporters. Likewise, second site suppressor mutations in the RNA chaperone Hfq elevated transport by Aap and Bra by increasing mRNA levels. Microarrays showed Hfq regulates 34 ABC transporter genes, including aap, bra and opp. The genes coding for integral membrane proteins and ABC subunits aapQMP braDEFGC were more strongly elevated in the hfq mutants than solute‐binding proteins (aapJ braC). aapQMP and braDEFG are immediately downstream of stem‐loops, indicating Hfq attenuates downstream translation and stability of mRNA, explaining differential expression of ABC genes. RU2307 nodulated peas and bacteria grew down infection threads, but bacteroid development was arrested and N2 was not fixed. This probably results from an inability to synthesize or transport amino acids. However, GOGAT and GOGAT/AldA double mutants carrying suppressor mutations that increased amino acid uptake fixed N2 on pea plants. Thus de novo ammonium assimilation into amino acids is unnecessary in bacteroids demonstrating sufficient amino acids are supplied by plants.
Indoxyl Sulfate Inhibits Nitric Oxide Production and Cell Viability by Inducing Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Background/Aim: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) deficiency play an important role in vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. To determine if the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) induces oxidative stress and inhibits NO production and cell viability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods: The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide, NO and peroxynitrite was measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. The expression of NADPH oxidases (Nox4, Nox2) was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability was examined by 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate assay. Results: IS induced ROS generation in HUVEC. An inhibitor of NADPH oxidase showed an inhibitory effect on IS-induced ROS production. However, the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, mitochondrial electron transport and NO synthase did not show any significant effect on IS-induced ROS production. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and vitamin C inhibited IS-induced ROS production. IS induced the expression of Nox4 mRNA and the production of superoxide and peroxynitrite in HUVEC. IS inhibited NO production in HUVEC. IS inhibited cell viability, and antioxidants preserve the inhibitory effect of IS on cell viability. Conclusions: IS inhibits NO production and cell viability by inducing ROS through induction of Nox4 in HUVEC.
Advances in RNAi therapeutic delivery to leukocytes using lipid nanoparticles

Abstract Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) therapeutics has advanced into clinical trials for liver diseases and solid tumors, but remain a challenge for manipulating leukocytes fate due to lack of specificity and safety issues. Leukocytes ingest pathogens and defend the body through a complex network. They are also involved in the pathogeneses of inflammation, viral infection, autoimmunity and cancers. Modulating gene expression in leukocytes using siRNAs holds great promise to treat leukocyte-mediated diseases. Leukocytes are notoriously hard to transduce with siRNAs and are spread throughout the body often located deep in tissues, therefore developing an efficient systemic delivery strategy is still a challenge. Here, we discuss recent advances in siRNA delivery to leukocyte subsets such as macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and lymphocytes. We focus mainly on lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) comprised of new generation of ionizable lipids and their ability to deliver siRNA to primary or malignant leukocytes in a targeted manner. Special emphasis is made on LNPs targeted to subsets of leukocytes and we detail a novel microfluidic mixing technology that could aid in changing the landscape of process development of LNPs from a lab tool to a potential novel therapeutic modality.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA and gene for an elastinolytic aspartic proteinase from Aspergillus fumigatus and evidence of its secretion by the fungus during invasion of the host lung

Hydrolysis of structural proteins in the lung by extracellular proteinases secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus is thought to play a significant role in invasive aspergillosis. This fungus was found previously to secrete an elastinolytic serine proteinase and a metalloproteinase. We report that A. fumigatus also secretes an aspartic proteinase (aspergillopepsin F) that can catalyze hydrolysis of the major structural proteins of basement membrane, elastin, collagen, and laminin. The pH optimum for the enzymatic activity was 5.0 with elastin-Congo red as the substrate, and the activity was not significantly inhibited by pepstatin A, diazoacetyl norleucine methylester, and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy) propane. The cDNA and gene encoding this aspartic proteinase were cloned and sequenced. The open reading frame, interrupted by three introns, would encode a protein of 393 amino acids composed of a putative 21-amino-acid signal peptide and a 49-amino-acid propeptide preceding the 323-amino-acid mature protein. The amino acid sequence of A. fumigatus aspartic proteinase has 70, 66, and 67% homology to the sequences of those from Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus awamori, and Aspergillus saitoi, respectively. The active-site motif (DTG) and the catalytic aspartic residues characteristic of aspartic proteinases are found in the presently described enzyme, indicating that it belongs to a family of aspartic proteinases. Polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits against both the mature and precursor forms of the aspartic proteinase expressed in Escherichia coli. Immunoblotting with both antibodies detected a 39-kDa mature enzyme in the culture supernatant of A. fumigatus. The aspartic proteinase activity was inhibited by the antibodies, suggesting that the aspartic proteinase in the culture supernatant corresponds to the product of the cloned gene. Immunogold electron microscopy showed that the aspartic proteinase was secreted by A. fumigatus invading neutropenic mouse lung and its secretion was directed toward the germ tubes of penetrating hyphae.
Anomalous Early Triassic sediment fluxes due to elevated weathering rates and their biological consequences

Analysis of 16 marine Permian-Triassic boundary sections with a near-global distribution demonstrates systematic changes in sediment fluxes and lithologies in the aftermath of the end-Permian crisis. Sections from continent-margin and platform settings exhibit higher bulk accumulation rates (BARs) and more clay-rich compositions in the Griesbachian (earliest Triassic) relative to the Changhsingian (latest Permian). These patterns, which largely transcend regional variations in tectonic setting, sequence stratigraphic factors, and facies, are hypothesized to have resulted from a substantial (average ∼7×) increase in the flux of eroded material from adjacent land areas owing to accelerated rates of chemical and physical weathering as a function of higher surface temperatures, increased acidity of precipitation, and changes in landscape stability tied to destruction of terrestrial ecosystems. This sediment surge may have been a contributory factor to the latest Permian marine biotic crisis as well as to the delayed recovery of Early Triassic marine ecosystems owing to the harmful effects of siltation and eutrophication. Contemporaneous deep-sea sections show no increases in sediment flux across the Permian-Triassic boundary owing to their remoteness from continental siliciclastic sources and location below the paleo–carbonate compensation depth.
Basics of Immune Responses in Transplantation in Preparation for Application of Composite Tissue Allografts in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Part I

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the role of major histocompatibility complex molecules, T cells, antigen-presenting cells, and natural killer cells in the process of allograft acceptance and rejection. 2. Understand the mechanism and differences of acute and chronic allograft rejection. 3. Be familiar with modern immunosuppressive protocols and their applicability to composite tissue allografts transplants. 4. Be familiar with risks and side effects of different immunosuppressive protocols. 5. Outline the application of composite tissue allograft transplants in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Summary: Currently, composite tissue allografts are applied only occasionally as a reconstructive option in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Composite tissue allografts offer a unique potential for coverage of large multitissue defects. However, compared with the relatively homogenous tissue of solid organ transplants, the heterogenicity of tissue components of composite tissue allografts may generate high immunologic responses. Modern immunosuppressive agents significantly improve successful allograft acceptance. However, chronic allograft rejection and immunosuppressive drug toxicity are still major problems in the clinical practice of transplantation. The major goals of transplantation immunology are (1) to develop tolerance to allograft transplants and (2) long-term drug-free survival. A number of experimental protocols were designed to develop tolerance; however, none of them has been proven to induce tolerance in clinical transplantation. In this article, the authors outline the mechanisms of allograft acceptance and rejection and barriers to transplantation tolerance. Novel immunosuppressive protocols are discussed in this review. This basic immunologic knowledge of allograft acceptance and rejection will allow plastic surgeons to apply composite tissue allograft transplants to plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Peptide Mediated Brain Delivery of Nano- and Submicroparticles: A Synergistic  Approach

The brain is a complex, regulated organ with a highly controlled access mechanism: The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). The selectivity of this barrier is a double-edged sword, being both its greatest strength and weakness. This weakness is evident when trying to target therapeutics against diseases within the brain. Diseases such as metastatic brain cancer have extremely poor prognosis due to the poor permeability of many therapeutics across the BBB. Peptides can be designed to target BBB receptors and gain access to the brain by transcytosis. These peptides (known as BBB-shuttles) can carry compounds, usually excluded from the brain, across the BBB. BBB-shuttles are limited by poor loading of therapeutics and degradation of the peptide and cargo. Likewise, nano- submicro- and microparticles can be fine-tuned to limit their degradation and with high loading of therapeutics. However, most nano- and microparticles’ core materials completely lack efficient targeting, with a few selected materials able to cross the BBB passively. Combining the selectivity of peptides with the high loading potential of nano-, microparticles offers an exciting strategy to develop novel, targeted therapeutics towards many brain disorders and diseases. Nevertheless, at present the field is diverse, in both scope and nomenclature, often with competing or contradictory names. In this review, we will try to address some of these issues and evaluate the current state of peptide mediated nano,-microparticle transport to the brain, analyzing delivery vehicle type and peptide design, the two key components that must act synergistically for optimal therapeutic impact.
A Cell Number-counting Factor Regulates Group Size inDictyostelium by Differentially Modulating cAMP-induced cAMP and cGMP Pulse Sizes*

A secreted counting factor (CF), regulates the size of Dictyostelium discoideum fruiting bodies in part by regulating cell-cell adhesion. Aggregation and the expression of adhesion molecules are mediated by relayed pulses of cAMP. Cells also respond to cAMP with a short cGMP pulse. We find that CF slowly down-regulates the cAMP-induced cGMP pulse by inhibiting guanylyl cyclase activity. A 1-min exposure of cells to purified CF increases the cAMP-induced cAMP pulse. CF does not affect the cAMP receptor or its interaction with its associated G proteins or the translocation of the cytosolic regulator of adenylyl cyclase to the membrane in response to cAMP. Pulsing streaming wild-type cells with a high concentration of cAMP results in the formation of small groups, whereas reducing cAMP pulse size with exogenous cAMP phosphodiesterase during stream formation causes cells to form large groups. Altering the extracellular cAMP pulse size does not phenocopy the effects of CF on the cAMP-induced cGMP pulse size or cell-cell adhesion, indicating that CF does not regulate cGMP pulses and adhesion via CF's effects on cAMP pulses. The results suggest that regulating cell-cell adhesion, the cGMP pulse size, or the cAMP pulse size can control group size and that CF regulates all three of these independently.
Segmentação de palavras: prosódia e convenções ortográficas na reelaboração da escrita infantil

In this work, we propose the observation of operations involved in the redevelopment of segmentation of infant writing. We concentrate, particulary, on textual redevelopment marks (more specifically on segment redevelopment). Our aim was to observe which factors are involved in the initial process of written acquisition and how, at this crucial time, children distribute and produce graphic material along the texts and realize sucessfully what we refer to as textual section development. Resource material came from written work from public school students in São José do Rio Preto (SP), which were collected on a fortnightly basis during a four year period. From this material, we selected 62 texts written by twenty people who attended the second grade of fundamental education in 2002. Each text was chosen due to the appearance of floating writing in the written segments on at least two occasions. A quantitative analysis between the incidence of redevelopment and the relation of prosodic constituents that are involved was carried out with the aim to enabling the formulation of arguments to the fact that prosodic constituents on these occasions had some contribution to children skill aquision. We also took care to note that these events enable us to deliberate about the possibility of what might be consider sporadic facts in infant writting and that could be considered as generic. Based upon presumed theorectical-methods tied to “Paradigma Indiciário” on one side, and the idea of a heterogenic method of written formulation, such as that proposed by Côrrea (1997 and 2004), on the other, we arrive at a proposition that, on these occasions, the interlacing of reconstructed aspects of the origin of written skills (in the case of children), and the institucionalized written code stirred up not only tension concerning the delimitation of works, in written learners, but also made possible the emergence of words upon words. As a general result, such fluctuations in infant writing can be understood as a search for an ordinance of words, given the multifacetted character of such structures. In other words, we refer to attempts that do or do not correspond to the spoken language which are results in the relationship of the pupil with multiple aspects of language recovered in social practices. As a more specific result, we arrive at two different conclusion, which appear to crossover these events: i) one, more related to prosodic characteristics of language and tied up to what we consider as a representation of writing in this supposed beginning and ii) another factor connected more to the image which learner writers have, rather than to what would be proper writing and tied up to the representation of the institutionalized written code.
Utility of Right Precordial Leads at Higher Intercostal Space Positions to Diagnose Brugada Syndrome

TAKAGI, M. , et al.: Utility of Right Precordial Leads at Higher Intercostal Space Positions to Diagnose Brugada Syndrome. We encountered a patient with Brugada syndrome whose body surface ECG revealed that the specific ST‐segment elevation was found only at higher positions of leads V1 and V2, above the third intercostal space. Only these right precordial leads at higher intercostal space positions were useful to identify Brugada syndrome in this case.
Eight year review of hemodialysis: treated patients in a tertiary center in Southern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Hemodialysis (HD) is the readily available modality of renal replacement therapy in Nigeria today. The number of centers for HD continues to increase, but the majority is still located in the big cities and towns. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study in which records of patients on HD from 2004 to 2011 were reviewed. Data in respect of patients' sex, age, occupation and etiology of kidney disease were collected. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical software version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago IL). RESULTS A total of 1278 new patients were admitted for HD over the period of review; 60.9% (778) were males and 39.1% (500) females. Mean age of male patients was significantly higher than that of the females (P < 0.01). Those under the age of 40 years constituted 45.4% (580) of the study population, whereas 43.8% (560) were unskilled workers. Nearly 81.1% had CKD while 18.9% (241) had acute kidney injury (AKI). The most common cause of CKD and AKI were chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and sepsis respectively. CONCLUSION This review showed a preponderance of males in the dialyzed population with males significantly older than the female patients. Patients aged ≤ 40 years and unskilled workers formed a large proportion of the population of HD treated patients. CGN and sepsis were the most common causes of CKD and AKI respectively.
ABSENCE OF CLUSTERING OF FUNCTIONALLY RELATED GENES IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA.

Phage F116 transduces sufficiently large fragments of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosome for co-transduction of linked markers to occur. The linkage relationships of 176 auxotrophic mutants have been examined by means of this technique, following characterization of the mutants for their nutritional requirements and by other biochemical means. Thirty-two different loci from fourteen biosynthetic pathways have been differentiated by such combined means. Unlike other bacteria, the clustering of related loci of a biosynthetic pathway appears to be rare. This situation was confirmed for the leucine, methionine, adenine, isoleucine plus valine and arginine pathways. No evidence for linkage of markers within the histidine, proline, cysteine and uracil pathways has been found but further data is needed to completely confirm this conclusion for these groups of markers. The importance of these findings in relation to the genetic control of enzyme biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa is discussed. For markers of the tryptophan pathway, two are possibly linked but the other three are definitely not linked. The only confirmed linkage of related markers was between a homoserine locus and a threonine locus.