Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treatment of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with secondary central nervous system involvement: encouraging efficacy using CNS‐penetrating R‐IDARAM chemotherapy

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with secondary involvement of the central nervous system (SCNS‐DLBCL) is a rare condition carrying a poor prognosis. No optimal therapeutic regimen has been identified. We retrospectively analysed 23 patients with SCNS‐DLBCL treated with R‐IDARAM (rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV day 1; methotrexate 12·5 mg by intrathecal injection day 1; idarubicin 10 mg/m2/day IV days 1 and 2; dexamethasone 100 mg/day IV infusion over 12 h days 1–3; cytosine arabinoside 1000 mg/m2/day IV over 1 h days 1 and 2; and methotrexate 2000 mg/m2 IV over 2 h day 3. Ten out of 23 (44%) patients had CNS involvement at initial presentation (‘new disease’), 10/23 (44%) had relapsed disease and 3/23 (13%) had primary refractory disease. 14/23 (61%) of patients responded ‐ 6 (26%) complete response, 8 (35%) partial response. Grade 3–4 haematological toxicity was seen in all cycles, with no grade 3–4 or long‐term neurological toxicity. Median follow‐up for surviving patients was 49 months. At 2 years, estimated progression‐free survival (PFS) was 39% and overall survival (OS) was 52%. Encouraging outcomes were reported in patients with new disease, with 5‐year estimated PFS of 50% and OS 75%. R‐IDARAM is a well‐tolerated regimen with encouraging efficacy in patients with SCNS‐DLBCL, although patients with relapsed or refractory disease continue to fare poorly.
Improving Read Performance of NAND Flash SSDs by Exploiting Error Locality

NAND flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs), which can serve as the caches of hard disk drives, have gained popularity in large-scale, high-performance storage. A type of advanced error correction code for SSDs, low-density parity-check (LDPC), is required to mitigate a considerable number of errors in the raw data of NAND flash. However, LDPC imposes read performanceoverhead due to the complex decoding procedure of LDPC. In this paper, we propose an error-correcting cache (EC-Cache) that exploits “<bold>error locality</bold>”, a characteristic of NAND flash memory, to improve the read performance of SSDs. We use the term “error locality” to refer to the property that the majority of errors in reads to the same flash page appear at the same positions until thepage is erased. By caching detected errors, we can correct a significant portion of errors in the requested flash page prior to the LDPC decoding process. This design significantly reduces LDPC decoding overhead because the latency of LDPC is correlated with thenumber of errors in the input data. We conduct experiments, including flash characterization, LDPC simulation, and SSD simulation,to evaluate EC-Cache. The experimental results demonstrate that EC-Cache can improve the read performance of LDPC-based SSDs by up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.6\times$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="yang-ieq1-2345387.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.
An Effective Round Robin Algorithm using Min-Max Dispersion Measure

Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is a preemptive scheduling algorithm. It is designed especially for time sharing Operating System (OS). In RR scheduling algorithm the CPU switches between the processes when the static Time Quantum (TQ) expires. RR scheduling algorithm is considered as the most widely used scheduling algorithm in research because the TQ is equally shared among the processes. In this paper a newly proposed variant of RR algorithm called Min-Max Round Robin (MMRR) scheduling algorithm is presented. The idea of this MMRR is to make the TQ repeatedly adjusted using Min-Max dispersion measure in accordance with remaining CPU burst time. Our experimental analysis shows that MMRR performs much better than RR algorithm in terms of average turnaround time, average waiting time and number of context switches.
Clinical and pathological spectrum of CD8‐positive cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas

CD8+ T‐cell lymphomas presenting in the skin are rare. We describe the clinical and histological features of 18 patients with CD8+ cutaneous T‐cell tumors, which have been divided into four groups. Seven patients had precedent long histories of rashes, which progressively spread in a presentation similar to that of CD4+ mycosis fungoides (MF). Three patients had long‐standing localized plaques consistent with a pagetoid reticulosis (PR) pattern. Two patients presented with erythroderma and had peripheral blood involvement consistent with a Sezary syndrome (SS) pattern and had rapidly progressive clinical courses. Six patients presented with cutaneous nodules of varying sizes and had variable outcomes, with two having rapidly progressive disease, two with indolent recurrences and a further two with complete responses to treatment. Histologically, 12 of the 18 cases showed an epidermotropic tumor infiltrate that was most marked in the three PR cases. Prominent periadnexal infiltration was seen in 11 cases. Similar to CD4+ MF, the skin‐homing antigen, (cutaneous lymphocyte antigen: CLA), was strongly expressed in 13 of 16 tested cases. Expression of the cytotoxic granule protein granzyme B was noted in a majority of tumor cells in only three of 16 tested cases. We conclude that approximately half of CD8+ cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas clinically and histologically resemble CD4+ MF/SS, whereas presentation as discrete nodular lesions are more common in CD8+ tumors as compared to those that express CD4.
Food supply and the obesity scourge: Is there a relationship?

This paper reviews literature on the relationship between food supply and obesity. The focus is on the supply, cost, and variety of food through various types of food outlets and the impact of these factors on obesity in developed countries. The article reveals complex relationships between food supply factors and obesity. A numer of factors related to lifestyles including the mobility of populations and the use of motor vehicles greatly reduce the impact of the local environment on family and individual eating patterns. However, obesity is also affected by factors such as the type and density of food outlets, the cost of food, the travel distance and means of transport to the food outlet. While the relationship between food supply and obesity in the literature reveals complex and mixed findings, this paper concludes obesity is complex and food supply is only part of this phenomenon’s predictors. Because the relationship between food supply and obesity is mediated by such multiple and complex factors including population behaviours, beliefs, lifestyles, knowledge and both food and physical environments; multiple strategies including policy development and other strategies aimed at manipulating food environments, physical environments, populations’ beliefs, behaviours and practices must be considered in searching for evidence to effectively combat obesity.
Non-invasive estimation and control of inlet pressure in an implantable rotary blood pump for heart failure patients

We propose a dynamical model for mean inlet pressure estimation in an implantable rotary blood pump during the diastolic period. Non-invasive measurements of pump impeller rotational speed (ω), motor power (P), and pulse width modulation signal acquired from the pump controller were used as inputs to the model. The model was validated over a wide range of speed ramp studies, including (i) healthy (C1), variations in (ii) heart contractility (C2); (iii) afterload (C2, C3, C4), and (iv) preload (C5, C6, C7). Linear regression analysis between estimated and extracted mean inlet pressure obtained from in vivo animal data (greyhound dogs, N = 3) resulted in a highly significant correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.957, 0.961, 0.958, 0.963, 0.940, 0.946, and 0.959) and mean absolute errors of (e = 1.604, 2.688, 3.667, 3.990, 2.791, 3.215, and 3.225 mmHg) during C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7, respectively. The proposed model was also used to design a controller to regulate mean diastolic pump inlet pressure using non-invasively measured ω and P. In the presence of model uncertainty, the controller was able to track and settle to the desired input within a finite number of sampling periods and minimal error (0.92 mmHg). The model developed herein will play a crucial role in developing a robust control system of the pump that detects and thus avoids undesired pumping states by regulating the inlet pressure within a predefined physiologically realistic limit.
Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of shl, a new gene in the 2-minute region of the genetic map of Escherichia coli

Cells of Escherichia coli that harbor supH (an allele of the wild-type gene serU) are sensitive to UV irradiation and temperature and appear to have an impaired cell division control mechanism. We found that a gene located at the 2-min region, designated shl, inhibited the growth of supH-harboring cells when carried by a high-copy-number plasmid, whereas the same plasmid had no visible effect when present in parental cells. The amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the shl gene indicated a similarity to the GalR and LacI repressor proteins, suggesting it is a transcription regulator. The sequence between the promoter and the structural genes revealed the presence of a short open reading frame of 28 amino acid residues followed by a segment of 81 base pairs. These structural features suggest that a transcription antitermination mechanism may be involved in the regulation of expression of the shl gene. The possibility that shl is a regulator of serU is discussed.
Proposed correlation of modern processing principles for Ayurvedic herbal drug manufacturing: A systematic review

Quality Ayurvedic herbal medicines are potential, low-cost solutions for addressing contemporary healthcare needs of both Indian and global community. Correlating Ayurvedic herbal preparations with modern processing principles (MPPs) can help develop new and use appropriate technology for scaling up production of the medicines, which is necessary to meet the growing demand. Understanding the fundamental Ayurvedic principles behind formulation and processing is also important for improving the dosage forms. Even though Ayurvedic industry has adopted technologies from food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, there is no systematic study to correlate the traditional and modern processing methods. This study is an attempt to provide a possible correlation between the Ayurvedic processing methods and MPPs. A systematic literature review was performed to identify the Ayurvedic processing methods by collecting information from English editions of classical Ayurveda texts on medicine preparation methods. Correlation between traditional and MPPs was done based on the techniques used in Ayurvedic drug processing. It was observed that in Ayurvedic medicine preparations there were two major types of processes, namely extraction, and separation. Extraction uses membrane rupturing and solute diffusion principles, while separation uses volatility, adsorption, and size-exclusion principles. The study provides systematic documentation of methods used in Ayurveda for herbal drug preparation along with its interpretation in terms of MPPs. This is the first step which can enable improving or replacing traditional techniques. New technologies or use of existing technologies can be used to improve the dosage forms and scaling up while maintaining the Ayurvedic principles similar to traditional techniques.
HYPERKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS. A GENETIC STUDY, CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS, AND REPORT OF A NEW METHOD OF THERAPY.

IN 1886, Eulenberg 1 described a disease characterized by periodic attacks of myotonia and paralysis, occurring in 26 members (six generations) of one family. 1 The disease was called paramyotonia. The following criteria for its diagnosis were proposed by Drager et al 2 : (1) single autosomal dominant inheritance, (2) stationary (nonprogressive) character, (3) presentation of normal muscle bulk (no atrophy, no hypertrophy), (4) presence of myotonia, particularly in the cold, (5) episodes of flaccid weakness. Since Eulenberg's original account, there have been approximately 38 published communications of similar cases (Table 1). 1-22 This disease was distinguished from familial periodic paralysis (later found to be associated with hypokalemia) and from congenital myotonia (Thomsen's disease). In 1956, Gamstorp 5 presented 139 cases of an unusual variety of periodic paralysis in which the potassium levels in the serum during paresis were elevated, rather than depressed; and in fact, muscular weakness was precipitated
The homozygous P582S mutation in the oxygen‐dependent degradation domain of HIF‐1α is associated with increased risk for prostate cancer

The heterodimeric transcription factor HIF‐1 (hypoxia‐inducible factor 1), consisting of a critically regulated HIF‐1α subunit and a constitutively expressed HIF‐1β subunit, is a master regulator of genes involved in adaptation and survival under low‐oxygen conditions. Increased levels of HIF‐1 activity are associated with increased tumor aggressiveness, therapeutic resistance, and mortality.
Les Françaises font toujours plus d'enfants que les Allemandes de l'Ouest [Une esquisse d’interprétation ]

Les Francaises continuent a avoir plus d’enfants que les Allemandes de l’Ouest alors que les differences entre les taux d’activite des meres se sont progressivement attenuees. En comparant deux pays dont les politiques sociales et familiales presentent des similarites, on se propose d’aller au dela des explications les plus couramment admises. En France, contrairement a l’Allemagne de l’Ouest, les normes regissant l’education des jeunes enfants ont evolue en phase avec les changements affectant les comportements des femmes sur le marche du travail. Il est devenu legitime socialement pour les Francaises de travailler a plein temps tout en faisant garder son enfant. Les Allemandes de l’Ouest, par contre, interiorisent toujours fortement la norme selon laquelle l’education d’un jeune enfant necessite la presence permanente de sa mere. Mais, de plus en plus eduquees, elles sont amenees a accorder la priorite a leur maintien dans l’emploi et a renoncer a la maternite. Pour mieux comprendre les differences de fecondite entre les deux pays, il semble donc fructueux de se focaliser sur les interactions a l’oeuvre entre leurs politiques familiales, les valeurs auxquelles adherent la majorite des couples concernant l’education des jeunes enfants et les attitudes des femmes face au travail remunere.
Human papillomavirus infection and vaccination: Knowledge and attitudes among young males in Italy

ABSTRACT This study assessed knowledge and attitudes about Human papillomavirus (HPV) and the relative vaccination and their determinants in a sample of young males. The survey was conducted between January and April 2015 among a sample of 1000 males aged between 14–24 y in the geographic area of Naples and Caserta, Italy. The 54.9% of the participants reported of having heard about the HPV infection. Those who were aware about the availability of the vaccine, who reported the first vaginal sexual encounter before the 18 y and at least at 18 y compared to those who had not had a complete sexual intercourse, who had undergone a health checkup in the last year, and who had received information about the HPV vaccine by physicians had a significant higher knowledge about the HPV infection. The 58.2% reported that they would be willing to receive the HPV vaccine. Those younger, who reported the first vaginal sexual encounter at least at 18 y, who agreed that male should receive the vaccine, who knew that both males and females can acquire the infection, and who agreed that the vaccine is an important preventive intervention, expressed more positive attitude toward willingness to receive the vaccine. More information about the HPV vaccine were required by those who agreed that the vaccine is an important preventive intervention, who reported the first vaginal sexual encounter at least at 18 y, who have had only one partner in the last year compared to students who had no partner, and who had received information about the vaccine by physicians. This study highlights a need for improved education of young males of the HPV infection and the associated diseases and about the benefit of the vaccination.
1 $\times$ 2 Wavelength Multiplexer With High Transmittances Using Extraneous Self-Imaging Phenomenon

This paper introduces a wavelength multiplexer (MUX) using the extraneous self-imaging (Ex_SI) phenomenon, which is not mentioned in multimode-interference theory. The Ex_SI phenomenon in silica-based multimode waveguides was experimentally studied. Then, using data for the Ex_SI phenomenon, the wavelength MUX for the wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm was developed. The optimum length of the multimode waveguide, with a width of 18 mum, was confirmed as a 3670- mum wavelength MUX. For the wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm, the excess losses were determined to be -0.4 and -0.45 dB, respectively, while the extinction ratios were 16.9 and 19.7 dB, respectively
From biological membranes to biomimetic model membranes

Des membranes biologiques aux modeles membranaires biomimetiques. Les membranes biologiques jouent un role essentiel dans la protection cellulaire ainsi que dans le controle et le transport des elements nutritifs. Elles sont le lieu de nombreux mecanismes biologiques tels que la reconnaissance moleculaire, la catalyse enzymatique, l’adhesion cellulaire ou encore la fusion membranaire. En 1972, Singer et al. ont propose un modele membranaire, appele modele de la mosaique fluide. Selon ce modele, les membranes biologiques consistent en des bicouches lipidiques dynamiques renfermant des proteines et des glycoproteines. Les proteines membranaires forment des icebergs globulaires dans une mer homogene de lipides a l’etat fluide. Depuis sa conception, le modele de la mosaique fluide a fortement evolue notamment suite aux travaux de Simons et al. (1997) et de Brown et al. (1997). Ces chercheurs ont montre que les lipides membranaires sont en realite organises en microdomaines (rafts lipidiques) dont la composition et la dynamique moleculaire sont bien specifiques et differentes de celles de la phase liquide cristalline formee par les phospholipides environnants. Une telle decouverte a entraine un interet sans cesse croissant pour l’etude des membranes biologiques et a provoque par la meme occasion une emergence de nouvelles technologies de pointe pour ameliorer nos connaissances sur ces systemes biologiques extremement complexes. Aussi, en raison de la grande complexite des membranes biologiques, la plupart des etudes ciblant les mecanismes biologiques qui se deroulent a la surface des membranes ou au sein de leur bicouche lipidique sont realisees en utilisant des modeles membranaires biomimetiques. Cette synthese a donc pour principaux objectifs de revisiter les proprietes de base des membranes biologiques en termes de composition membranaire, de dynamique membranaire et d’organisation moleculaire, ainsi que de decrire les modeles membranaires les plus couramment utilises pour etudier des mecanismes biologiques tels que la fusion membranaire, le transport membranaire, la formation de pores membranaires, ainsi que les interactions membranaires a l’echelle moleculaire.
Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether decompressive craniectomy improves the functional outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and refractory raised intracranial pressure. METHODS From December 2002 through April 2010, we randomly assigned 155 adults with severe diffuse traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension that was refractory to first-tier therapies to undergo either bifrontotemporoparietal decompressive craniectomy or standard care. The original primary outcome was an unfavorable outcome (a composite of death, vegetative state, or severe disability), as evaluated on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after the injury. The final primary outcome was the score on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months. RESULTS Patients in the craniectomy group, as compared with those in the standard-care group, had less time with intracranial pressures above the treatment threshold (P<0.001), fewer interventions for increased intracranial pressure (P<0.02 for all comparisons), and fewer days in the intensive care unit (ICU) (P<0.001). However, patients undergoing craniectomy had worse scores on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale than those receiving standard care (odds ratio for a worse score in the craniectomy group, 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 3.24; P=0.03) and a greater risk of an unfavorable outcome (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.14 to 4.26; P=0.02). Rates of death at 6 months were similar in the craniectomy group (19%) and the standard-care group (18%). CONCLUSIONS In adults with severe diffuse traumatic brain injury and refractory intracranial hypertension, early bifrontotemporoparietal decompressive craniectomy decreased intracranial pressure and the length of stay in the ICU but was associated with more unfavorable outcomes. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and others; DECRA Australian Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN012605000009617.).
Impaired CD40‐Signalling in CD19‐Deficient Mice Selectively Affects Th2‐Dependent Isotype Switching

Activation of B lymphocytes involves binding of antigen to the specific receptor and signalling through several membrane coreceptors, of which CD19 has been found to play a pivotal role as a response regulator. Although previous studies in CD19 gene knockout mice have demonstrated that antibody responses to T‐cell‐dependent antigens are strongly impaired in the absence of this coreceptor, little is known about the consequences of CD19 deficiency for the interaction between T and B cells. Here we report that Th2 co‐ordinated B‐cell differentiation is selectively impaired in CD19‐deficient mice in response to mucosal or systemic immunizations or following an intestinal infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Whereas immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 or IgE antibody responses were low or absent, IgG2a responses were normal. The selective defect was not caused by a poor Th2‐development or interleukin (IL)‐4 responsiveness in CD19‐deficient mice. Rather, it was the result of an impaired Th2–B cell interaction, owing to a substantially reduced ability to signal via CD40 in CD19‐deficient B cells. Thus, our study in CD19‐deficient mice suggests that CD40L–CD40‐interactions are more important for Th2 than for Th1 co‐ordinated B‐cell differentiation.
Alternative Therapies for Stroke Treatment in Asia

Patients seek alternative therapies for stroke in Asia due to dissatisfaction with poststroke recovery. Most alternative therapies are of unproven benefit in rehabilitation. Well-conducted trials are needed to better define the role of alternative therapies in the process of poststroke recovery; the CHInese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke recovery is ongoing. However, further studies, better health education and rehabilitation services and centers are also required.