Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multicommodity Routing Problems-Selfish Behavior and Online Aspects-

In this thesis, we study multicommodity routing problems in networks, in which commodities have to be routed from source to destination nodes. Such problems model for instance the traffic flows in street networks, data flows in the Internet, or production flows in factories. In most of these applications, the quality of a flow depends on load dependent cost functions on the edges of the given network. The total cost of a flow is usually defined as the sum of the arc cost of the network. An optimal flow minimizes this cost. A main focus of this thesis is to investigate online multicommodity routing problems in networks, in which commodities have to be routed sequentially. Arcs are equipped with load dependent price functions defining routing costs, which have to be minimized. We discuss a greedy online algorithm that routes (fractionally) each commodity by minimizing a convex cost function that depends on the previously routed flow. We present a competitive analysis of this algorithm and prove upper bounds of (d+1)^(d+1) for polynomial price functions with nonnegative coefficients and maximum degree d. For networks with two nodes and parallel arcs, we show that this algorithm returns an optimal solution. Without restrictions on the price functions and network, no algorithm is competitive. We also investigate a variant in which the demands have to be routed unsplittably. In this case, it is NP-hard to compute the offline optimum. Furthermore, we study selfish routing problems (network games). In a network game, players route demand in a network with minimum cost. In this setting, we study the quality of Nash equilibria compared to the the system optimum (price of anarchy) in network games with nonatomic and atomic players and spittable flow. As a main result, we prove upper bounds on the price of anarchy for polynomial latency functions with nonnegative coefficients and maximum degree d, which improve upon the previous best ones.
A game theory control scheme in medium access for wireless body area network

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has been considered for applications in medical, healthcare and sports fields. Although there are several protocols for wireless personal area networks, specific features and reliability requirements in WBAN bring new challenges in protocol design. An appropriate control scheme in the MAC layer can make a significant improvement in network performance. Based on traffic priority and prior knowledge this paper proposes a game theoretical framework to smartly control access in contention period and contention free period as defined in IEEE 802.15. 6 standard. The coordinator controls access probability of contention period based on users' priority in CSMA/CA and allocates suitable slots with strategies for best payoff based on link states in guaranteed time slots (GTS). The simulation results show the improved performance especially in heavily loaded channel condition when the optimal control mode is applied.
The Effects of Timbre on Harmonic Interval Tuning and Perception

In Western music, temperament grants ease of performance and listening especially when it comes to harmony, whose multiplicity is built upon instrument intonation. However, our fluid perception allows other aspects of music such as timbre, blend and sensory dissonance to affect intonation. This thesis investigates how musicians perceive and compensate for the interacting effects of timbre, blend and sensory dissonance when tuning and rating harmonic intervals. The first two experiments involved an interval-tuning task and the third experiment involved a perceptual rating task for the unison, minor second, major third, tritone, perfect fifth, major sixth, minor seventh and octave. A different sample of twenty musically trained subjects participated in each experiment. In Experiment 1, participants tuned the upper note of an isolated harmonic dyad. Six timbre pairs comprised of the harpsichord, piano, clarinet and flute were chosen to reflect low to high blend. In Experiment 2, participants tuned the lower and upper note of an isolated harmonic dyad. Stimuli consisted of twelve pairs based on combinations of the harpsichord, trumpet, vibraphone and flute, chosen based on brightness and playing mechanism. In Experiment 3, participants rated all of the stimuli from Experiments 1 and 2 on three continuous scales representing subjective measures of auditory roughness, blend and pleasantness. Overall results showed lower tuning accuracy from equal temperament for musically consonant intervals regardless of pair, but higher tuning variability for musically dissonant intervals. Findings in relation to pairs with the flute and harpsichord supported previous research on increased distance in a timbre space suggesting decreased blend (Kendall and Carterette, 1993). Significant order differences in tuning were found mostly in relation to the pairs with the harpsichord as one of its instruments at consonant intervals. Musicians favoured interval contraction when tuning harpsichord pairs if the harpsichord was playing the upper note and interval expansion if it was playing the lower note, regardless of the instrument playing the note that was being tuned. Findings from Experiment 3 suggest that instrument assignment to upper and lower notes does not affect perceptual judgments of the overall timbre of a harmonic interval, but does affect the tuning of such intervals. Roughness and pleasantness ratings depended on the inclusion of the trumpet (rough, unpleasant) or vibraphone (smooth, pleasant), whereas blend ratings depended on whether or not instrument pairs had similar or different playing mechanisms. These perceptual ratings were not correlated with the tuning deviations ii found in Experiments 1 and 2. Further research with a wider variation in timbre combinations will need to be conducted to explore whether or not these tuning differences are particular to the harpsichord due to its overall timbre, or due to a combination of its timbral properties that can be generalized to other instruments.
skala numerik (angka). Populasi penelitian adalah semua perusahaan yang menggunakan metode perhitungan Activity Based Costing di Surabaya yang tidak diketahui jumlahnya. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 100 perusahaan yang menggunakan Activity Based Costing di Surabaya. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan de

This Research was conducted in order to know if there is an influence in the use of Activity Based Costing towards competitive advantage and firm performance in Surabaya. The Activity Based Costing variabels were measured by seven indicators, namely top management support, competition, performance evaluation and compensation, training, non-accounting ownership, resources, and consesus and clarity of objective. The competitive advantage variabels measured by five indicators, namely price, quality, delivery dependability, product innovation, and time to market. While the firm performance variabels will be measured by two indicators, namely financial performance and operational performance. The data used in this research was quantitative data, which were data in the numerical scale. The population of this research were all firms in Surabaya that used Activity Based Costing method. The samples of the research were 100 firms in Surabaya that use Activity Based Costing. Based on the Partial Least Square that used in analyzing the data, the result showed that Activity Based Costing have influence towards competitive advantage, the Activity Based Costing have influence towards organizational performance, and competitive advantage have influence towards the organizational performance. Keyword : Activity Based Costing, competitive advantage, firm performance
A direct adaptive control scheme for under-actuated dynamic systems

This paper presents a class of under-actuated dynamic systems and the adaptive control methodology. A system is said to be under-actuated if it has at least one passive joint (i.e. not driven by actuators). The under-actuated dynamic systems have found many meaningful applications in either space explorations or advanced manufacturing operations. Due to the passive joints, input channels become deficient, and dynamic characteristics fundamentally differ from a full-actuated system. The dynamic parameter-linearity is destroyed by the under-actuated nature. To overcome the difficulty, an extended dynamic model and a normal-form augmentation approach are proposed. Using the normal-form augmentation approach, the parameter-linearity can be recovered, and a direct adaptive control scheme can be developed to stabilize the system against parameter uncertainty. <<ETX>>
Governance dynamics in the unemployed issue field : a comparison of Lyon and Turin !

This paper focuses on governance dynamics and processes of democratisation in the field of unemployment. In particular, we take the two cases of Lyon and Turin, which are comparable in terms of economic structure, process of de-industrialisation and long-standing traditions of trade-unionism, so as to deal with a number of linkages across the public and the policy domains. Our main question is: Does the civil society – in its broadest meaning as a set of formal organisations, trade unions and social movements – have full access (formal or informal) to elites and institutions in the policy domain? Drawing upon most recent developments in the governance literature, the specific focus of this paper is on inclusive vertical linkages of political participation that may close the gap between public authorities and civil society organisations. More broadly, our analysis of various dynamics taking place in the field of unemployment allows for the comprehensive understanding of a highly segmented civil society, as it encompasses contentious actors (such as social movements as well as spontaneous committees), pivotal actor for the paix social (trade unions) as well as strategic partners for the delivering of public policies (for example, cooperatives and training schools).
MATERIALS 3 , 055606 ( 2019 ) Spin-glass charge ordering in ionic liquids

Ionic liquids form intricate nanostructures, both in the bulk and near charged surfaces. We show that given the ionic positions from molecular simulations, the ionic charges minimize a “spin-glass” Hamiltonian for nearest-neighbor interactions with remarkable accuracy, for both room-temperature ionic liquids and water-insalt electrolytes. Thus, long-range charge oscillations in ionic liquids result from positional ordering, which is maximized in ionic solids but gradually disappears with added solvent, increased temperature, or by complex molecular structures. As the electrolyte becomes more disordered, geometrical frustration in the spin-glass ground state reduces correlation lengths. Eventually, thermal fluctuations excite the system from its ground state and Poisson-Boltzmann behavior is recovered. More generally, spin-glass ordering arises in any liquid with antiferromagnetic correlations, such as molten salt or the two-dimensional vortex patterns found in superfluids and bacterial turbulence.
Elevated carbohydrate antigen 242 and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in lesion tissue is associated with gastric precancerous lesion

The study was to compare carbohydrate antigen (CA) 242 and CA19-9 in lesion tissue and serum, and explore the association with gastric precancerous lesions. Sixty-two patients were divided into gastric precancerous lesion group (32 patients with atrophic gastritis), and chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) group (30 patients with CSG). The gastric precancerous lesion group was further divided into moderate precancerous lesion (16 with atrophic gastritis and moderate gastric dysplasia) and severe precancerous lesion subgroups (16 with atrophic gastritis and severe gastric dysplasia). Serum and tissue samples were acquired from each patient. CA242 and CA19-9 levels in serum and tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and electro-chemiluminescence method, respectively. For the gastric precancerous lesion group, CA242 and CA19-9 in lesion tissue were significantly higher than those in serum (P<0.01). Besides, CA242 and CA19-9 in lesion tissue were significantly increased in the gastric precancerous lesion group compared with the CSG group (P<0.01). CA242 and CA19-9 in lesion tissue weresignificantly higher in severe precancerous lesion subgroup than those in moderate precancerous lesion subgroup (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was detected in serum CA242 and CA19-9 between the two groups (P>0.05). CA242 and CA19-9 in lesion tissue might aid indistinguishing gastric precancerous lesion from CSG, and is associated with gastric precancerous lesion severity.
Demo Abstract : A TestBed for the evaluation of Link Quality Estimators in WSNs

Link quality estimation is a basic component for routing and topology control protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Several Link Quality Estimators (LQEs) have been proposed, but none of them has been the subject of a thorough experimental evaluation. Evaluating LQEs is of paramount importance to the design and operation of WSNs. In this demo, we present LQE-TB, a Testbed for the evaluation of link quality estimators. Our TestBed (TB) includes (i.) hardware components that are based on Universal Serial Bus (USB) technology and (ii.) a software tool to control and analyze the experiments. Our TB is useful to understand the characteristics of low-power links in WSNs and to help higher layer protocols designers choose the most suitable LQE.
Sensory stimulation in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia

The prevalence of dementia in Ireland is predicted to more than double over the next 25 years. As this population grows, cost-effective interventions must be implemented. While pharmacological therapies are effective in slowing disease progression, especially in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, they are not as effective in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neuropsychiatric symptoms increase healthcare costs, caregiver burden and patient comorbidities. This article explores the use of stimulation-oriented therapies to prevent and alleviate these neuropsychiatric symptoms. Interventions such as Sonas Activating Potential for Communication, cognitive stimulation therapy, aromatherapy and music therapy are promising; however, sound evidence is lacking and stronger studies must be conducted before evidence-based recommendations can be provided. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Student Medical Journal 2013; 6(1): 89-92. staff review Introduction: dementia and its role in Ireland Dementia is an umbrella term for all acquired diseases that cause a progressive and often irreversible decline in memory and cognitive functioning; it is characterised by both cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. In Ireland, the approximately 41,740 people suffering from dementia is predicted to more than double by 2036. The current annual cost of providing informal and formal care to people with dementia is estimated to be €1.69 billion. With the ever-growing elderly population, these financial demands will only grow. Therefore, it is important to utilise cost-effective and efficacious dementia treatment. Dementia patients are often unable to find bearings in their current reality as a result of their memory impairment and thus become agitated. Agitation is one of the main neuropsychiatric symptoms Volume 6: Number 1. 2013 | Page 89 RCSIsmj
ScienceDirect The Second CIRP Conference on Biomanufacturing Optimization of Poli ( ɛ-caprolactone ) scaffolds suitable for 3 D cancer cell culture

Fused Deposition Model (FDM) as Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies may offer a viable and simpler alternative to manufacture scaffolds for different purposes such as tissue engineering and cells culture. Existing commercial FDM machines are currently being modified to improve their accuracy, capabilities and use. However, for biocompatible and/or bioimplantable materials such as Poli (ɛ -caprolactone) PCL there is still a lot of work to do to set up process parameters. Cells culture had been carried on 2D without being a proper and real midst. In fact cells do not grow only in two flat directions but in all directions making strong net. Since cells responses to proteins or drugs is important for knowing proliferation or enrichment more real culture in 3D is needed. This work focuses on the study and optimization of open-source 3D printer machine, called RepRap, employed to manufacture biocompatible scaffolds for 3D cells culture of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). It has been shown that scaffolds culture can enhance the Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) population, responsible in part for tumour recurrence after chemotherapy. Mammosphere Forming Index (MFI) was defined in all cell lines to evaluate this population in TNBC cell lines sensible and resistant to chemotherapy. Enriching TNBC cells with CSC after scaffold culture will help to study new therapeutic treatments directed to this population. Several process parameters are tested to manufacture scaffolds and cells culture had been carried out in order to validate the results. Results show that porosity plays an important role in scaffolds manufacture having low cells adhesion and growth. Lower porosity values should be tested to further evaluate MFI index after scaffold culture as cell growth and enrichment indication. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of The Second CIRP Conference on Biomanufacturing.
Unconstrained Pupil Detection TechniqueUsing Two Light Sources And The ImageDifference Method

For developing a human-computer interface applying eye-gaze, we have already proposed a noncontact, unconstrained video-based pupil detection technique using two light sources and the image difference method. The detected pupil position in the difference image is utilized together with the glint (corneal reflection light of an infrared light source) position for eyegaze position determination. In this paper, the hardware for real-time image differentiation was developed. This image differenciator made realtime pupil possible, by applying the pupil detector including the noise reducer, which had been already developed. For stably detecting the glint and the pupil, it was clarified that the pupil brightness is influenced by the pupil area and the power of infrared light irradiated for the eye. For stabilizing the pupil brightness in the difference images, a method which utilized this characteristics was proposed. This method made pupil and glint center detection stabler.
University of Dundee Measuring the psychosocial burden in women with low-grade abnormal cervical cytology in the TOMBOLA trial

Background: There is a need for an instrument to measure the psychosocial burden of receiving an abnormal cervical cytology result which can be used regardless of the clinical management women receive. Methods: 3331 women completed the POSM as part of baseline psychosocial assessment in a trial of management of low grade cervical cytological abnormalities. Factor analysis and reliability assessment of the POSM were conducted. Results: Two factors were extracted from the POSM: Factor 1, containing items related to worry; and Factor 2 containing items relating to satisfaction with information and support received and change in the way women felt about themselves. Factor 1 had good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.769), however reliability of the Factor 2 was poorer (0.482). Data collected at four subsequent time points demonstrated that the factor structure was stable over time. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence and reliability of a scale measuring worries within the POSM. This analysis will inform its future use in this population and in other related contexts.
HAND GESTURE RECOGNISATION FOR HCI BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Human computer interaction (HCI) is growing widely day by day with the improvement in its approaches and in its algorithms. A human can easily interacted with computer by utilizing different ways of natural communications and skills. One of such method is using the hand gesture as the medium for communication between human and computer. Many works are done in the past for the communication through HCI with the help of hand gloves but there was a major issue in accuracy and execution time. In this paper by using artificial neural network media player is controlled. The actions done are play, previous, pause, next. The proposed algorithm consists of image acquisition, segmentation, extraction and neural network. Using a web camera real time hand gestures are captured and they are further processes with extraction and segmentation algorithms. The image taken may contain the unwanted noise added naturally as the image taken is of real time colour image. Before extraction of region of interest it has to be pre-processed. Neural network is trained and it is used for classification. Algorithm used in neural network is feed forward. In this paper five different hand gestures are considered and they are trained. An average of around 120 gestures are taken as test images and processed which gave an overall accuracy of 98%. Past worked paper results are compared and proposed method result gives the better outcome in many factors like accuracy, execution speed, and complexity.
Weighted and unweighted distances based decision tree for ranking data

Preference data represent a particular type of ranking data (widely used in sports, web search, social sciences), where a group of people gives their preferences over a set of alternatives. Within this framework, distance-based decision trees represent a non-parametric tool for identifying the profiles of subjects giving a similar ranking. This paper aims at detecting, in the framework of (complete and incomplete) ranking data, the impact of the differently structured weighted distances for building decision trees. The traditional metrics between rankings don’t take into account the importance of swapping elements similar among them (element weights) or elements belonging to the top (or to the bottom) of an ordering (position weights). By means of simulations, using weighted distances to build decision trees, we will compute the impact of different weighting structures both on splitting and on consensus ranking. The distances that will be used satisfy Kemenys axioms and, accordingly, a modified version of the rank correlation coefficient τx, proposed by Edmond and Mason, will be proposed and used for assessing the trees’ goodness. Abstract I dati di preferenza rappresentano un particolare tipo di ranking data (ampiamente usati nello sport, nella ricerca sul web, nelle scienze sociali), dove un gruppo di persone dá le sue preferenze su un set di alternative. In questo contesto, gli alberi decisionali basati sulle distanze rappresentano uno strumento non parametrico per identificare i profili di soggetti che forniscono un ranking simile. Questo ”articolo” mira ad indagare, nel contesto di ordinamenti completi e incompleti, quale sia l’impatto delle differenti distanze pesate sulla costruzione di alberi decisionali. Le tradizionali metriche tra ordinamenti non prendono in considerazione l’importanza di scambiare elementi simili tra di loro (pesi di item) o elementi che stanno in cima o in coda a una classifica (pesi di posizione). Usando le distanze pesate per la costruzione degli alberi, condurremo uno studio di simAntonella Plaia, Simona Buscemi, Mariangela Sciandra Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 19, 90128 Palermo, Italy, e-mail: antonella.plaia(simona.buscemi, mariangelasciandra)@unipa.it