Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative Splicing of a Novel Inducible Exon Diversifies the CASK Guanylate Kinase Domain

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing has a major impact on cellular functions and development with the potential to fine-tune cellular localization, posttranslational modification, interaction properties, and expression levels of cognate proteins. The plasticity of regulation sets the stage for cells to adjust the relative levels of spliced mRNA isoforms in response to stress or stimulation. As part of an exon profiling analysis of mouse cortical neurons stimulated with high KCl to induce membrane depolarization, we detected a previously unrecognized exon (E24a) of the CASK gene, which encodes for a conserved peptide insertion in the guanylate kinase interaction domain. Comparative sequence analysis shows that E24a appeared selectively in mammalian CASK genes as part of a >3,000 base pair intron insertion. We demonstrate that a combination of a naturally defective 5′ splice site and negative regulation by several splicing factors, including SC35 (SRSF2) and ASF/SF2 (SRSF1), drives E24a skipping in most cell types. However, this negative regulation is countered with an observed increase in E24a inclusion after neuronal stimulation and NMDA receptor signaling. Taken together, E24a is typically a skipped exon, which awakens during neuronal stimulation with the potential to diversify the protein interaction properties of the CASK polypeptide.
Identification of CCAAT Displacement Protein (CDP/cut) as a Locus-specific Repressor of Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene Expression in Human Tumor Cells*

Human major histocompatibility (MHC) class I antigen expression is important in controlling the metastatic growth of malignant tumors. Locus-specific down-regulation of MHC class I gene expression is frequently observed in human tumors, leading to decreased susceptibility to cytotoxic T-cell-mediated lysis. The mechanism of this down-regulation is incompletely understood. Here, we describe the identification of human CCAAT displacement protein (CDP/cut) as a locus-specific repressor of HLA-B and C gene expression. Transient and stable transfections in HeLa and K562 cells demonstrated the presence of a repressor element 650 base pairs upstream of the first exon of HLA-B7. A specific binding complex with the HLA-B7 and Cw2 repressor elements was demonstrated by EMSA. Formation of the EMSA complex was inhibited specifically with polyclonal antiserum to human CDP/cut, demonstrating that CDP/cut binds the HLA-B7 repressor element. The corresponding region of the HLA-A2 promoter neither repressed HLA-A2 gene expression nor bound CDP/cut. Overexpression of CDP/cut in cell lines deficient in CDP/cutresulted in a nearly 4-fold repression of reporter constructs containing the HLA-B7 repressor element but not the corresponding region of the HLA-A2 promoter. Repression of HLA-B and C gene expression by CDP/cut does not involve displacement of NF-Y, nor is CDP/cut associated with the histone deacetylase HDAC1 when bound to the HLA-B7 repressor element. To our knowledge, these results identify CDP/cut as the first example of a locus-specific repressor of MHC class I gene transcription in human tumor cells.
Definition of a solvent system for spherical crystallization of salbutamol sulfate by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) method.

In this paper we describe how the spherical crystallization process by QESD method can be applied to a water-soluble drug, salbutamol sulfate. The type of solvent, antisolvent, and emulsifier and the concentration of emulsifier to be used for the production of spherical particles with a size range 80-500 microm are determined. Furthermore, the solvent/antisolvent ratio and the temperature difference between them (Delta T) are studied. It was observed that, in the case of salbutamol sulfate, the Delta T value has no influence on the formation of spherical particles. A very large metastable zone of salbutamol sulfate in water could explain this phenomenon. Finally, the influence of emulsifier concentration and of maturation time on the size of spherical particles is studied. The results show that these two parameters must be fixed to control the size of the recovered particles.
Applying EEG in criminal identification research

As technology advances, crime scenes are no longer just simple traditional crime scenes. When facing a variety of criminal cases, crime scene investigators can no longer use traditional ways to collect evidence. The results showed that the accuracy of this identification system is over 70%, which means that this is an effective way to collect evidence in serial crime investigations.
Birth prevalence of microtia in Sucre, Bolivia

Sir , We wish to present further data on the prevalence of microtia in a South American population. The Bolivian population is reported to contain the highest percentage of native Amerindians among the South American countries. Microtia birth prevalence rates have never been reported from Bolivia, despite some hospitals contributing to the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) [1]. The records of two of the largest maternity units in Sucre, Bolivia, were examined for birth prevalence of CL // /P. The Hospital Gineco-Obstetrica is a specialist municipal hospital in the centre of Sucre. The register of congenital abnormalities among live births was examined. This covered all congenital abnormalities in live births in the period 1995 2001, inclusive. The Centro Materno-infantil ‘San Jose’, Pockonas, Sucre, is a municipal hospital within the city administered by a religious order. The delivery records for the period 1996 2001, which contained the records of the examinations of newborn children, were examined individually. The number of live births at each unit was obtained from the hospitals’ statistics departments. Stillbirths were not included as there was not normally a record of a neonatal examination of stillborn children. In total these two hospitals were responsible for over 65% of registered births during the period studied. The records examined did not provide sufficient information as to the degree of microtia, other medical problems or family history to comment further on these aspects. We found 6 cases of microtia among 18 215 live births, giving a birth prevalence of 3.29 per 10 000 live births. This number is similar to previously published data from the ECLAMC of 3.16 per 10 000 for other South American countries [1,2]. It has previously been noted that birth prevalence for many congenital malformations is related to race. The birth prevalence of microtia in South America is most similar to Hispanic groups (both US and foreign-born) and Asians, and significantly different from those in white and black groups, as reported by Shaw et al. [3]. Sucre is situated at 3200 meters altitude but the prevalence is significantly lower than in the cluster in Quito, Peru, where Castilla and Orioli reported a birth prevalence of 17.4 per 10 000 livebirths [1]. This in keeping with the prevalence reported by Stevenson et al. for other high altitude cities in Latin America and suggests that altitude is not a risk factor for microtia [2].
The Atomic Mix Approximation for Charged Particle Transport

The classic atomic mix approximation for particle transport in a stochastic spatial medium is accurate when the material chunks in the medium are small compared to a mean free path. In this paper, we show that for charged particle transport in a stochastic medium, the atomic mix approximation is accurate when the chunk sizes are small compared to a transport mean free path. For charged particle transport, the transport mean free path is generally several orders of magnitude larger than the mean free path. Therefore, the result obtained in this paper greatly extends the known range of applicability of the atomic mix approximation. Numerical results are given that validate the asymptotic theory, and an application of the theory to a practical problem in radiation oncology is discussed.
Exploring Spatiotemporal Patterns of Long-Distance Taxi Rides in Shanghai

Floating Car Data (FCD) has been analyzed for various purposes in past years. However, limited research about the behaviors of taking long-distance taxi rides has been made available. In this paper, we used data from over 12,000 taxis during a six-month period in Shanghai to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of long-distance taxi trips. We investigated these spatiotemporal patterns by comparing them with metro usage in Shanghai, in order to determine the extent and how the suburban trains divert the passenger flow from taxis. The results identified 12 pick-up and six drop-off hotspots in Shanghai. Overall, the pick-up locations were relatively more concentrated than the drop-off locations. Temporal patterns were also revealed. Passengers on long-distance taxi rides were observed to avoid the rush hours on the street as their first priority and tried to avoid the inconvenience of interchanges on the metro lines as their second priority.
Building a common ESL design and verification methodology - is it just a dream?

In recent years, industry cooperation has established common language and methodology standards to support electronic system level (ESL) modeling, design and verification: SystemC, SystemC verification (SCV) and SystemC transaction level modeling (TLM). What is still conspicuously absent, is a common, standard methodology for ESL design and verification itself. As a result, leading ESL adopters have been forced to devise their own custom methodologies. Does everyone need to develop their own custom 'vertical' methodology using standard 'horizontal' languages, libraries, and data formats, or is it possible to devise a common, standard methodology - open to all - that would help to mainstream ESL design and verification? This panel of ESL users and suppliers will take a close look at what is being done today and debate the issues around what more is needed to address increasing system complexity. What are the major attributes and requirements for a standard methodology? How would it deliver the diverse requirements of algorithm development, system architecture exploration and optimization, integration and re-use of intellectual property (IP) from diverse sources, processor and coprocessor development, software development, RTL design, and testbench generation for system-to-implementation verification?
Mad2 and p53 expression profiles in colorectal cancer and its clinical significance.

AIM To investigate the expression of tumor suppressor gene p53 and spindle checkpoint gene Mad2, and to demonstrate their expression difference in colorectal cancer and normal mucosa and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods were used to analyze the expression of Mad2 in colorectal cancer and its corresponding normal mucosa. The expression of p53 was detected by immunohistochemistry method in colorectal cancer and its corresponding normal mucosa. RESULTS Mad2 was significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer compared with corresponding normal mucosa (P<0.001), and it was not related to the differentiation of adenocarcinoma and other clinical factors (P>0.05). The ratio of Mad2 protein in cancer tissue (C) to that in its normal mucosa tissue (N) was higher than 2, which was more frequently observed in patients with lymph gland metastasis (P<0.05). p53 protein expression was not observed in normal mucosa. The rate of p53 positive expression in adenocarcinomas was 52.6 %. There was a significant difference between adenocarcinomas and normal mucosa(P<0.001), which was not related to the differentiation degree of adenocarcinoma and other clinical factors (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Defect of spindle checkpoint gene Mad2 and mutation of p53 gene are involved mainly in colorectal carcinogenesis and C/N>2 is associated with prognosis of colorectal cancer.
MR angiography and surgery for unruptured familial intracranial aneurysms in persons with a family history of cerebral aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE We used MR angiography to determine prevalence of unruptured familial intracranial aneurysms in a prepaid medical care program. We compared surgical outcomes and the cost of treating unruptured versus ruptured aneurysms. We compared the cost of MR angiography with the cost of screening mammography and with the cost of surgically treating a ruptured aneurysm. SUBJECTS AND METHODS During a 30-month period, we performed MR angiography to show cerebral aneurysms in 63 surgical candidates who had one or more first-degree relatives with an aneurysm. Unruptured aneurysms seen on MR angiography were evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and treated surgically. RESULTS MR angiography showed nine unruptured aneurysms in six patients. Eight aneurysms were seen on MR angiography and nine were seen on DSA. Seven unruptured aneurysms were treated surgically. The mean treatment cost was 50% lower for an unruptured aneurysm than that for a ruptured aneurysm. No patient surgically treated for an unruptured aneurysm required rehabilitation, unlike 25% of patients with ruptured aneurysms. The annual total cost of MR angiography was equivalent to 2.9% of the annual cost of screening mammography. The annual cost of MR angiography equaled half the cost of treating one patient after aneurysm rupture. CONCLUSION MR angiography showed a 9.5% prevalence of unruptured aneurysms among persons who had one or more first-degree relatives with a cerebral aneurysm. DSA confirmed 88% of aneurysms found on MR angiography. Persons with unruptured aneurysms had better treatment outcomes at lower cost than did patients treated for aneurysm rupture. The annual MR angiography cost was low compared with the cost of screening mammography and with the cost of treating one patient with aneurysm rupture.
Fast Detection of Open-switch Fault Using Moving Filter for a PWM VSI-fed PMSM Drive System

To improve the reliability of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage source inverter (VSI) fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system, this paper presents a fast openswitch fault detection scheme in multiple switches. An openswitch fault in a PWM VSI often introduces over-current stress to other electric components and can be easily propagated. Thus, it may lead to a severe secondary damage in the entire drive system. Furthermore, the open-switch fault produces increased current harmonics and distortion as well as large torque pulsation. In contrast to the conventional schemes, the proposed fault detection scheme uses the moving filter to process the current information, which facilitates a fast detection of fault without increasing the computational burden severely. The proposed scheme is not only immune to false alarms due to inexact detection, but also independent of operating conditions because it uses normalization quantity. The proposed scheme detects a fault by online basis without any additional hardware while keeping control at the same time. To verify the proposed fault detection scheme, the entire system is constructed using digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F28335. The comparative simulations and experimental results validate the practical usefulness of the proposed scheme.
TV white spectrum in India

TV band is a precious band from coverage point. A large portion of 1 GHz sub band has been allocated for TV broadcasting. It has been found that large chunk of TV band is unutilized at a given location and time. It is wastage of precious natural resource. The idea of exploitation of idle TV spectrum at any location emerges after introduction of cognitive radio technology and dynamic spectrum access. Most of countries has developed regulatory framework for unlicensed application in TV white space. The TV band has not yet been opened in India for unlicensed usage. This paper gives an idea about present scenario of allocation of TV spectrum in India and its utilization including requisite regulatory framework.
Microinjection of cocaine into the nucleus accumbens elicits locomotor activation in the rat

Cocaine is believed to exert its psychostimulant effects through activation of the mesocorticolimbic system. Although the nucleus accumbens, in particular, has been hypothesized as the site of action of cocaine's stimulating effects, there is no direct evidence that microinjection of cocaine into this region produces behavioral activation. The present experiments investigated the locomotor response to microinjection of cocaine (0, 10, 30, 100 micrograms/0.5 microliter) into the nucleus accumbens in rats. Cocaine elicited a pronounced, dose- dependent motor activation of approximately 60 min duration. This stimulant effect was blocked by prior administration of a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist, cis-flupenthixol. The response to cocaine was differentiated from nucleus accumbens microinjections of procaine and lidocaine, compounds that have potent local anesthetic effects but little affinity for the dopamine-uptake site. Neither procaine nor lidocaine (0, 10, 30, 100 micrograms/0.5 microliter) had any overall effect, although activity was somewhat decreased in the initial part of the test session and increased at the end, relative to control activity. Cocaine injected into the anterior dorsal or ventrolateral striatum (100 micrograms) also increased motor activity; procaine and lidocaine had no effect. Cocaine injected into the ventrolateral striatum significantly increased stereotypy. The amplitude of motor activation following cocaine injection into nucleus accumbens was much greater than that elicited at the other striatal sites. Further, observation of the time course of motor activation following cocaine injection into the anterior dorsal and ventrolateral striatum suggested that the motor effect was due to diffusion, most likely to the nucleus accumbens. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of Hand-held Vibrating Tools on Muscle Activity and Grip Strength

Many vibration-exposed workers have been found to suffer from muscle fatigue and decreased grip strength. Therefore in order to quantify and determine safe levels of human exposure to vibration, measurements and analysis of significance vibration factors are necessary. There are three main objectives in this study. The first one is to investigate the characteristics of vibration factors (vibration level and exposure duration) produced by vibrating tools that affect to muscle activity. The second objective is to analyze the effects of vibration exposure on muscle activity and grip strength and the third one is to determine the relationship between objective and subjective measurements for muscle activity. The study is a laboratory experimental study which was involved eighteen subjects (nine male and nine female). The experiments were performed with two exposure times, five and 15 minutes. Subjects were required to drill wood specimen using an electric drill and a bench drill. Electromyography (EMG) and Vernier LabPro with a three axis accelerometer and a hand dynamometer were used in the experiment. Vibration level that produced during drilling with bench drill and electric drill for five and 15 minutes were 10.24 m/s respectively. The most affected muscle was found to be the right extensor carpi radials. The results of bench and electric drill showed that right extensor carpi radialis muscle had the highest percentage of Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) with values of 12.43%MVC and 23.50%MVC, respectively. Subjective measurement results showed similar results with objective measurement. It indicated that lower arm part is the most affected area by vibration factors compared to the other body part. Drilling wood material/specimen with an electric drill resulted in higher vibration levels (3.01%), percentage decrease ratio (29.22%) and percentage MVC (88.38%) than using a bench drill for the extensor carpi radialis muscle. The findings of the study indicated that as the level of vibration increases the muscular activity and the percentage decrease ratio of grip strength also increases. Thus, vibration may be a contributory factor to arm disorders such as muscle fatigue among operators with power hand tool.
Cerebellar atrophy

We studied the incidence of computed tomography evidence of cerebellar atrophy in 20 elderly patients with dementia, 20 age-matched controls, and 40 younger normal subjects. Cerebellar vermian atrophy was present in 6 of 20 demented patients, 7 of 20 elderly controls, and 1 of 40 younger controls. There was no other atrophy of infratentorial structures except for occasional enlargement of the cisterna magna and cerebellopontine angle cisterns. Vermian atrophy did not correlate with cerebral atrophy (enlargement of either lateral ventricles or cortical sulci). None of these patients had clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction. Therefore, atrophy of the cerebellar vermis may occur selectively with aging, without atrophy of the cerebral cortex, and without clinical manifestations.
Eye care services for older institutionalised individuals affected by cognitive and visual deficits: a systematic review

The prevalence of dementia and ocular pathology increases with age and many older individuals affected by such diseases are being institutionalised. The objectives of this systematic review are to describe the level of eye care services being offered to older institutionalised individuals, present the prevalence of visual impairment in those with dementia, and describe the interventions offered to visually impaired residents with dementia.
Strained germanium quantum well p-FinFETs fabricated on 45nm Fin pitch using replacement channel, replacement metal gate and germanide-free local interconnect

Strained Ge p-channel FinFETs on Strain Relaxed SiGe are integrated for the first time on high density 45nm Fin pitch using a replacement channel approach on Si substrate. In comparison to our previous work on isolated sGe FinFETs [1], 14/16nm technology node compatible modules such as replacement metal gate and germanide-free local interconnect were implemented. The ION/IOFF benchmark shows the high density strained Ge p-FinFETs in this work outperform the best published isolated strained Ge on SiGe devices.
Adsorption of Arsenate by Nano Scaled Activated Carbon Modified by Iron and Manganese Oxides

The presence of arsenic in water supplies is a major problem for public health and still concerns large parts of population in Southeast Asia, Latin America and Europe. Removal of arsenic is usually accomplished either by coagulation with iron salts or by adsorption with iron oxides or activated alumina. However, these materials, although very efficient for arsenic, normally do not remove other undesirable constituents from waters, such as chlorine and organo-chlorine compounds, which are the results of water chlorination. Activated carbon has this affinity for organic compounds, but does not remove arsenic efficiently. Therefore, in the present study, iron modified activated carbons are investigated as alternative sorbents for the removal of arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions. In addition, modified activated carbons with magnetic properties can easily be separated from the solutions. In the present study, a simple and efficient method was used for the preparation of magnetic Fe3(Mn2+)O4 (M:Fe and/or Mn) activated carbons. Activated carbons were impregnated with magnetic precursor solutions and then calcinated at 400 °C. The obtained carbons were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Their adsorption performance for As(V) was evaluated. The iron impregnation presented an increase in As(V) maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) from about 4 mg g−1 for the raw carbon to 11.05 mg g−1, while Mn incorporation further increased the adsorption capacity at 19.35 mg g−1.