Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AI for Chrome Offline Dinosaur Game

In this project, we implement both feature-extraction based algorithms and an end-to-end deep reinforcement learning method to learn to control Chrome offline dinosaur game directly from high-dimensional game screen input. Results show that compared with the pixel feature based algorithms, deep reinforcement learning is more powerful and effective. It leverages the high-dimensional sensory input directly and avoids potential errors in feature extraction. Finally, we propose special training methods to tackle class imbalance problems caused by the increase in game velocity. After training, our Deep-Q AI is able to outperform human experts.
A contemporary approach to entrepreneurship education

Entrepreneurial education is the process of providing individuals with the ability to recognise commercial opportunities and the insight, self-esteem, knowledge and skills to act on them. It includes instruction in opportunity recognition, commercialising a concept, marshalling resources in the face of risk, and initiating a business venture. It also includes instruction in traditional business disciplines such as management, marketing, information systems and finance. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and introduction of a new program in Entrepreneurship at the University of Tasmania. Within this program the process and responsibility of learning has largely been reversed through the process of student centred learning. This method of learning represents a challenging departure from the traditional mainstream teaching practices. In considering the benefits achievable from this teaching method, this paper also considers the difficulties in transferring increased responsibility to students to manage their futures.
L'interface entre attachement et intersubjectivité : perspectives issues de l'étude longitudinale de l'attachement désorganisé

L’interface entre les concepts d’attachement et d’intersubjectivite est presentee a la lumiere des recherches sur le developpement de l’enfant. Tomasello (1999) et Hobson (2002) ont soutenu que la capacite qu’ont les humains a partager des etats mentaux avec les autres revolutionne notre heritage biologique de primate. Contrastant avec l’accent mis sur cette discontinuite entre les primates et les humains, les theoriciens de l’attachement ont souligne la continuite entre l’attachement des humains et celui des autres primates. D’abord les implications des nouvelles recherches sur l’intersubjectivite de l’enfant pour la theorie de l’attachement seront explorees. Puis sera discute l’apport de la recherche sur l’attachement pour la comprehension de l’attention conjointe et le partage d’etats mentaux. Ceci sera fait a la lumiere des travaux longitudinaux de l’auteur montrant que les symptomes dissociatifs et borderline chez le jeune adulte sont lies a des troubles de l’intersubjectivite dans le dialogue mere-bebe. De tous ces travaux emerge l’idee que la promotion d’une communication empreinte de plus de cooperation serait au cœur de changements dans l’evolution et le developpement de l’enfant, ainsi que des changements resultant de la psychotherapie psychodynamique.
Heuristics on Tate-Shafarevitch Groups of Elliptic Curves Defined over Q

In a well-known paper, Cohen and Lenstra gave conjectures on class groups of number fields. We give here similar conjectures for Tate-Shafarevitch groups of elliptic curves defined over Q. For such groups (if they are finite), there exists a nondegenerate, alternating, bilinear pairing. We give some properties of such groups and then formulate heuristics which allow us to give precise conjectures.
Overcoming barriers to success: collecting medical device incident data.

Over the past 20 years, the average number of medical devices at the point of care (the patient’s bedside) has increased from about 7 to 26.1 Owing in part to high-profi le recalls of both drugs and medical devices, the public is becoming increasingly concerned about device safety. At a recent seminar on risk management, FDA representatives reported a 20% increase in the number of device-related recalls from 2003 to 2005. They also reported that the most frequent non-compliant issue observed during FDA inspections of medical device manufacturing facilities was inadequate complaint-handling procedures. In response, FDA is moving to ramp up mechanisms for additional post-market device performance monitoring. This approach, unfortunately, misses the opportunity to evaluate the resiliency of systems and processes rather than devices one at a time. Further, it is not clear that FDA’s collecting ever-greater amounts of information will be particularly effective unless it develops a vastly improved ability to process and respond to this information. Consequently, the need for an integrated platform for event information sharing has became apparent. Clinicians seldom benefi t from information collected until a critical level of safety variance—in the form of an adverse event or a recall—has been reached. To improve system surveillance and assessment, stakeholders must collect and share global information about the environment and conditions that lead to adverse events, near-misses, and even near-nearmisses. If such data can be collected and more effectively shared, we will reach a higher level of risk reduction not obtainable otherwise. The existing sharing of such information by FDA, the Joint Commission, state programs, and ECRI Institute is not fully effective because it is fragmented and inconsistent with respect to thresholds, format, terminology, and reach.
Cancer of the mouth and pharynx, occupation and exposure to chemical agents in Finland [in 1971–95]

The objective of this article was to find associations between cancer of the mouth and pharynx, occupation and chemical exposure. A cohort of Finns born between 1906 and 1945 was followed‐up for 46.8 (21.5 in males and 25.3 in females) million person‐years during 1971–95. Incident cases of cancer of the mouth and pharynx (n = 2,708) were identified in a record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry. The Census occupations in 1970 were converted to chemical exposures with a job‐exposure matrix (FINJEM). Cumulative exposure (CE) was calculated as the product of prevalence, level and duration of the exposure. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated for each of the 393 occupations, and for CE categories of the 43 chemical agents, using total Finnish population as reference. Relative risks (RR) comparing various CE‐categories with unexposed ones were defined for selected agents by Poisson regression analysis. Elevated SIRs were observed among lawyers, authors, journalists, performing artists, musicians, electronics and telefitters, painters (building), building hands, dockers, unskilled labourers and hotel porters in males and private secretaries, dressmakers, shoemakers and cobblers, waiters, pursers and stewardesses in females. The multivariate analyses showed high RRs for high exposure to aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, pesticides and alcohol. In conclusion, occupations with high SIRs were mostly the ones with high consumption of alcohol. Exposure to solvents and possibly to pesticides, engine exhaust, textile dust and leather dust may increase the risk of cancer of mouth and pharynx. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of the temperature dependence of the anode-side current gain of IGBTs by field-stop design

The temperature dependence of the anode-side current gain αpnp of IGBTs is an essential criterion for the minimization of the total power losses of power-semiconductor devices. We propose a new method to reduce this dependence by using field-stop zones that contain doping atoms with deep levels in the band gap of silicon. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a deep-level doping of the field-stop significantly reduces the temperature dependence of the turn-off losses.
Soluble RAGE and malondialdehyde in type 1 diabetes patients without chronic complications during the course of the disease

Malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation and biomarker for oxidative stress, and its soluble receptor (sRAGE) were evaluated in 42 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, but without chronic complications, during the early years after diagnosis (0–10 years) and through the further progression of the disease (10–20 and > 20 years after diagnosis). Clinical and biochemical parameters of the cohort of diabetic patients were compared with those determined in 24 healthy individuals. The median levels of MDA in plasma were similar in type 1 diabetes patients and in healthy subjects. In contrast, statistically significant increases were detected in the median values of sRAGE in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with healthy subjects (2423.75 versus 1472.75 pg/ml; p=0.001, Mann–Whitney test). However, no significant between-group differences (p>0.05) were observed in levels of sRAGE when diabetic patients were grouped according to time elapsed after diagnosis. It is concluded that increased plasma levels of sRAGE in type 1 diabetes may provide protection against cell damage and may be sufficient to eliminate excessive circulating MDA during early years after disease onset.
Fault Gear Categorization: A Comparative Study on Feature Classification using Rough Set Theory and ID3

Fault diagnosis on a gear box is a difficult problem due to the non-stationary type of vibration signals it generates. Usually, one method of fault diagnosis can only inspect one corresponding fault category. Vibration based condition monitoring using machine learning methods is gaining momentum. In this paper, rough sets theory, is used to diagnose the fault gears in a gear box. Through the analysis of the final reducts generated using rough sets theory, it is shown that this method is effective for diagnosing more than one type of fault in a gear. The performance of rough set method are compared with those of the ID3 decision tree algorithm and the results prove that the rough set method has greater capability to bring out the different fault conditions of the gear box under investigation. The study reveals that the overall classification efficiency of the decision tree is to some extent better than the classification efficiency of rough sets method.
Propagation of ribonucleic acid coliphages in gnotobiotic mice

To clarify the propagation cycle of bacteriophages in their natural habitats, we tested whether animals could support ribonucleic acid (RNA) phage propagation in their intestines, using germfree mice as the test animal. Propagation of four different antigenic types of RNA phages was tested. No detectable propagation or colonization of RNA phages was observed either in germfree mice or in gnotobiotic mice infected with the F- strain of Escherichia coli. Propagation or colonization was observed when RNA phages were orally introduced into gnotobiotic mice harboring the F+ or F' strain of E. coli. These results were consistent with data for in vitro propagation experiments. Fecal titers of phages were monitored over 24 to 98 days and were found to vary from 10(5) to 10(11) plaque-forming units per g of feces. Streptomycin administration gradually led to the disappearance of bacteria and, concomitantly, the RNA phages. Phages recovered from gnotobiotic mice feces included some of novel antigenic types. The bacterial isolates recovered from gnotobiotic mice harboring F+ bacteria included the original F+ strain, strains which had become F-, and some which had become inefficient hosts for the propagation of RNA phages.
Electrical Stimulation of the Prelemniscal Radiation in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: An Old Target Revised with New Techniques

OBJECTIVEIn the treatment of tremor and rigidity in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), the prelemniscal radiation (RAPRL), a subthalamic bundle of fibers, is an exquisite target that can be visualized easily on ventriculograms. We sought to evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation of the RAPRL on symptoms and signs of PD in a long-term trial and to determine the localization of the stimulated area by means of stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging studies. METHODSTen patients with PD predominantly on one side had tetrapolar electrodes stereotactically oriented through a frontal parasagittal approach to the RAPRL contralateral to the most prominent symptoms. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery were performed using conventional PD scales and quantitative evaluations of tremor amplitude and reaction time. Stereotactic high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging studies with the electrodes in place were used for anatomic localization. RESULTSIn all patients, temporary suppression of tremor occurred when the electrodes reached the target. The most effective stimulation was obtained when the pair of contacts was placed in the RAPRL. Long-term stimulation at 130 Hz, 0.09 to 0.450 milliseconds, and 1.5 to 3.0 V produced significant improvement in tremor and rigidity and mild improvement in bradykinesia. CONCLUSIONThe RAPRL is an effective target for the alleviation of tremor and rigidity in patients with PD by either lesioning or neuromodulation; however, neuromodulation has the advantage of not inducing an increase in bradykinesia. The stimulated area seems to be independent of the subthalamic nucleus.
Nongenomic glucocorticoid receptor action regulates gap junction intercellular communication and neural progenitor cell proliferation

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to treat pregnant women at risk for preterm delivery; however, prenatal exposure to GCs may trigger adverse neurological side effects due to reduced neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation. Whereas many established cell-cycle regulators impact NPC proliferation, other signaling molecules, such as the gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx43), also influence proliferation. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is influenced by GCs in some cells, but such hormone effects have not been examined in coupled stem cells. We found that both continuous and transient exposure of embryonic day 14.5 mouse neurosphere cultures to dexamethasone (DEX) limits proliferation of coupled NPCs, which is manifested by both a reduction in S-phase progression and enhanced cell-cycle exit. A short (i.e., 1-h) DEX treatment also reduced GJIC as measured by live-cell fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and altered the synchrony of spontaneous calcium transients in coupled NPCs. GC effects on GJIC in NPCs are transcription-independent and mediated through plasma membrane glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). This nongenomic pathway operates through lipid raft-associated GRs via a site-specific, MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of Cx43, which is linked to GR via caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and c-src. Cav-1 is essential for this nongenomic action of GR, as DEX effects on GJIC, Cx43 phosphorylation, and MAPK activation are not observed in Cav-1 knockout NPCs. As transient pharmacologic inhibition of GJIC triggers reduced S-phase progression but not enhanced cell-cycle exit, the nongenomic GR signaling pathway may operate via distinct downstream effectors to alter the proliferative capacity of NPCs.
IMM algorithm based on H∞ filter for maneuvering target tracking

Correct knowledge of noise statistics is essential for an effective estimator in maneuvering target tracking. In practice, however, the noise statistics are usually unknown or not perfectly known. To deal with the estimation problem in linear discrete-time systems with Markov jump parameters, where the measurement noise covariance is unknown, a novel approach is presented in this paper. This approach is based on the interacting multiple model (IMM) framework. An H∞ filter is employed to construct a noise statistics estimator to obtain the information which is necessary for the IMM algorithm. In our approach, even the priori knowledge of noise statistics is not needed. The noise statistics loss problem is solved while the merits of IMM algorithm is reserved. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated in comparison with single-model H∞ filter through Monte Carlo simulation for maneuvering target tracking.
Les apports de la sociologie du genre à la critique du travail

Apres avoir fait le point sur les differents courants traversant « la sociologie du genre » et precise ses rapports – faits de ruptures et de continuites – a la sociologie du travail, Elsa Galerand et Daniele Kergoat tentent de montrer en quoi le courant du feminisme materialiste, en particulier, interpelle et renouvelle la sociologie du travail, tant sur le plan conceptuel que sur celui des objets et des champs d’analyse. Depuis la theorisation du travail domestique vers une redefinition extensive du concept de travail en passant par la conceptualisation des rapports sociaux de sexe et de la division sexuelle du travail, c’est finalement le potentiel critique et subversif de cette sociologie qu’il s’agit de mettre en evidence.
In vitro stability and metabolism of O2′, O3′, O5′-tri-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline) adenosine in rat, dog and human plasma: Chemical hydrolysis and role of plasma esterases

O2′, O3′, O5′-tri-acetyl-N6-(3-hydroxylaniline)adenosine (WS070117), a new structure-type lipid regulator, is being developed in pre-clinical study. In order to monitor drug kinetics it is essential to understand pre-analytical factors that may affect drug assay. In vitro stability and metabolism were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in this study. The hydrolysis products were identified by HPLC–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method. The esterases involved in WS070117 hydrolysis was assigned via inhibition rate assay. It was found that WS070117 was chemically unstable in alkaline solutions compared to acidic and near neutral solutions. Enzymatic hydrolysis was even more rapid. Hydrolytic rate constants differ between species, being 4.24, 5.96 × 10−3 and 6.85 × 10−2 min−1 in rat, dog and human plasma at 37°C, respectively. The hydrolysis was catalyzed by plasma esterase because NaF (sodium fluoride: a general esterase inhibitor) inhibited WS070117 hydrolysis and metabolite production. Hydrolysis was fast in rat plasma and was catalysed by carboxylesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. In dog plasma, carboxylesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and paraoxonase were mainly responsible. Butyrylcholinesterase was the major esterase involved in WS070117 hydrolysis in human plasma. The WS070117 hydrolysis in plasma proceeded by gradual loss of acetyl groups. The knowledge of in vitro drug stability and metabolic pathways identified in this study will be essential for future pre-clinical and clinical pharmacokinetics studies.
Broadband wireless real time communication

Today's Internet access technologies are not able to provide broadband connectivity to all areas in a cost-effective way for telecom operators. Wired technologies still require a noteworthy investment in cabling infrastructures, whereas wireless access technologies cannot deliver high-speed connections to several users simultaneously. To address this issue, a very interesting solution has been defined by the IEEE 802.16 working group, in particular the IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 standards. IEEE 802.16-2004 is a fixed broadband wireless access technology, capable to provide high data rate connections over large areas.
University of Groningen The Power Grid as a complex network

The statistical tools of Complex Network Analysis are of useful to understand salient properties of complex systems, may these be natural or pertaining human engineered infrastructures. One of these that is receiving growing attention for its societal relevance is that of electricity distribution. In this paper, we present a survey of the most relevant scientific studies investigating the properties of different Power Grids infrastructures using Complex Network Analysis techniques and methodologies. We categorize and explore the most relevant literature works considering general topological properties, physical properties, and differences between the various graph-related indicators and reliability aspects. We also trace the evolution in such field of the approach of study during the years to see the improvement achieved in the analysis. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Statistical threshold formulation for dynamic I/sub dd/ test

Process variations degrade the resolution and consequently the fault coverage of I/sub dd/ test techniques. We develop statistical techniques to set thresholds in a dynamic I/sub dd/ test process. The techniques use principal component analysis to identify process corners and compute statistical models. Our techniques are applied to average current-based dynamic test and to test based on the energy consumption ratio. We demonstrate that our techniques lead to computationally efficient methods to set accurate thresholds without either significant yield or fault coverage loss. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic technique to set thresholds for a dynamic I/sub dd/ test method.
Determining Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coreceptor Use in a Clinical Setting: Degree of Correlation between Two Phenotypic Assays and a Bioinformatic Model

ABSTRACT Two recombinant phenotypic assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coreceptor usage and an HIV envelope genotypic predictor were employed on a set of clinically derived HIV type 1 (HIV-1) samples in order to evaluate the concordance between measures. Previously genotyped HIV-1 samples derived from antiretroviral-naïve individuals were tested for coreceptor usage using two independent phenotyping methods. Phenotypes were determined by validated recombinant assays that incorporate either an ∼2,500-bp (“Trofile” assay) or an ∼900-bp (TRT assay) fragment of the HIV envelope gp120. Population-based HIV envelope V3 loop sequences (∼105 bp) were derived by automated sequence analysis. Genotypic coreceptor predictions were performed using a support vector machine model trained on a separate genotype-Trofile phenotype data set. HIV coreceptor usage was obtained from both phenotypic assays for 74 samples, with an overall 85.1% concordance. There was no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between the two phenotypic assays. A bioinformatic algorithm based on a support vector machine using HIV V3 genotype data was able to achieve 86.5% and 79.7% concordance with the Trofile and TRT assays, respectively, approaching the degree of agreement between the two phenotype assays. In most cases, the phenotype assays and the bioinformatic approach gave similar results. However, in cases where there were differences in the tropism results, it was not clear which of the assays was “correct. ” X4 (CXCR4-using) minority species in clinically derived samples likely complicate the interpretation of both phenotypic and genotypic assessments of HIV tropism.