Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanins: from biosynthesis regulation to crop improvement

ABSTRACT Anthocyanins are natural water-soluble pigments belonging to the large class of flavonoid compounds, which are crucial secondary metabolites with multiple activities. Anthocyanins ubiquitously exist in plants and play an important role notably in plant stress tolerance, such as resistance to low temperature, drought, high light as well as nutrient starvation. The basic signaling networks of anthocyanin biosynthesis in model plants have been characterized, but the whole regulatory mechanism still needs to be fully elucidated. Here we briefly review the research progress on anthocyanin biosynthesis, focusing on the implicated regulatory components, transcription factors (TFs) and environmental regulations. An overview of the essential contribution of anthocyanins to plant resistance to environmental stresses is also provided. The construction of plants enriched in anthocyanins might be a versatile way for crop improvement, and recent advances in this field are also discussed.
The Use of Digital Social Networks and Engagement in Chilean Wine Industry

Recently, companies and consumers of the wine industry have changed their manner of two-way communication, with the rise of technology that introduces social networks and urges the spread of content. In this study, we identified the use and importance of engagement in social networks such as Facebook (2008 to 2018), Instagram (2012 to 2018) and Twitter (2010 to 2018) since the creation of their official accounts for the main Chilean wineries. The methods used involve qualitative and quantitative approaches that integrate the opinion of a panel of experts to estimate a social media engagement indicator through a descriptive statistical analysis and network analysis, from data originated of 70,856 publications. The results show the upward evolution of engagement, calculated through the interactions seen from users of social networks of the wineries, with users of networks of these wineries leaning towards Facebook in the first place, then Instagram, and Twitter. The contribution of this research lies in the generation of empirical evidence that allows the wine industry in a developing country to enhance its competitive advantage through the correct use of its social networks, the management of its engagement, and the diffusion of new marketing strategies.
Impacts of the photo-driven post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes at Summit, Greenland: a model-based study

Abstract. Atmospheric information embedded in ice-core nitrate is disturbed by post-depositional processing. Here we used a layered snow photochemical column model to explicitly investigate the effects of post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes (δ15N and Δ17O) at Summit, Greenland where post-depositional processing was thought to be minimal due to the high snow accumulation rate. We found significant redistribution of nitrate in the upper snowpack through photolysis and up to 21 % of nitrate was lost and/or redistributed after deposition. The model indicates post-depositional processing can reproduce much of the observed δ15N seasonality, while seasonal variations in δ15N of primary nitrate is needed to reconcile the timing of the lowest seasonal δ15N. In contrast, post-depositional processing can only induce less than 2.1 ‰ seasonal Δ17O change, much smaller than the observation (9 ‰) that is ultimately determined by seasonal differences in nitrate formation pathway. Despite significant redistribution of snow nitrate in the photic zone and the associated effects on δ15N seasonality, the net annual effect of post-depositional processing is relatively small, suggesting preservation of atmospheric signals at the annual scale under the present Summit conditions. But at longer timescales when large changes in snow accumulation rate occurs this post-depositional processing could become a major driver of the δ15N variability in ice core nitrate.
Knowledge and Practices About Sexual Health and Its Socioeconomic Correlates Among Adolescent Girls in Sikkim, India

Adolescents constitute a quarter of total Indian population. Many of them become sexually active despite being informed of the risks which they may encounter. The present study aims to address knowledge and perception on HIV/AIDS, STIs, and safe sex among adolescent girls (15 to 19years) in Sikkim, India. The study also evaluates their attitudes, and practices of sexual activities among their peer groups. The study is based on randomly selected 1031 unmarried adolescent girls residing in Gangtok, the capital town of Sikkim, and also in different blocks of the other three districts. The self-administered questionnaire was completed by participant girls to obtain data on socioeconomic characteristics, knowledge, awareness, and practices about sexual health issues such as HIV/AIDS, STIs, safe sex. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have been used for data analysis. Higher number of urban girls reported sexual activities among their peer group as compared to rural ones. However, unprotected sexual activity was reportedly higher among rural girls (10.26%). Results of multivariate analysis establishes role of media in raising sexual health awareness among girls in the study area. Role of socioeconomic characteristics of adolescents is important in raising awareness, building attitudes, and determining practices pertaining to sexual and reproductive health among them. Health care institutions along with media can raise awareness about sexuality and also can inculcate responsible sexual attitudes and practices among adolescents.
A REVIEW ON MICROSPHERES AS A NOVEL CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Over the past three decades, controlled drug delivery systems have become more developed and play a key role in pharmaceuticals formulations. There are many shortcomings in Traditional or Conventional drug delivery systems like for maintaining desired therapeutic drug plasma concentration there is a need for frequent dosing for particular drugs having shorter half-lives. Furthermore, because of frequent dosing requirement, there is poor patient compliance which causes fluctuation in plasma concentration of the drug. The limitations of conventional drug delivery can be overcome by the development of novel drug delivery systems, of which the controlled drug delivery can maintain constant drug plasma concentration by slowly releasing the drug over an extended period. Developing controlled drug delivery systems can also improve the systemic bioavailability of the drug, thus enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and better patient compliance. There are many different approaches for such controlled delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, phytosomes, microemulsion, and microspheres. Among all the approaches microspheres are more convenient as the drug is slowly released from the polymeric matrix and the polymers used are mostly biodegradable and possess no side effects. Therefore, microspheres can be used in various medicinal departments such as oncology, gynecology, radiology, pulmonary, cardiology, diabetes, and vaccine therapy. This review article focuses on recent different types of microspheres along with their methods of preparation. The microspheres formulated can be later evaluated and characterized by different procedures.
Influence of Fertilizer Management on Sanded Soil and Its Response on Spatial Distribution of fine Roots

The fine root component, although it represents the lowest proportional biomass in a tree, has an important function in obtaining water and nutrients. In addition, it is an indicator of the physiological quality and growth of a tree. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of biomass and the density of fine roots in five different fertilizer treatments. The five treatments received increasing amounts of fertilizers. The collections were made between trees in the planting line and between the planting lines. Soil layers of 25 cm x 25 cm x 20 cm (length x width x depth) were collected until reaching a depth of 1 meter. Treatments that had less nutrient input via fertilization showed higher production of fine roots. In general, the line position in the superficial layers showed a higher density of fine roots. There was significant difference between the positions of the land monoliths and between the different layers. Strategically, the lower supply of nutrients via fertilization provided greater investment in the production of fine roots by trees in order to increase the area of absorption and exploration of the soil.
Operator state monitoring via pupilometry: measuring mental workload under varying luminance conditions

Normal human pupil diameter (PD) ranges between about 2 to 8 millimeters (mm) depending on a number of factors. While the inverse relation between PD and luminance is well known, less well known and dramatic is the dependence of PD on mental workload (MWL). The PD response to MWL states are typically of small amplitude and high frequency, reflecting differential sympathetic and parasympathetic enervation. The literature shows that with contemporary objective eye tracking technology, PD behavior may prove to be a practical indication of psychophysiological status, including attention and MWL. Despite the pupil’s limited response repertoire; i.e., diameter, it is capable of potentially encoding a spectrum of information about operator state. The challenge is disambiguating PD response characteristics. A commercial, off-the-shelf eye tracker recorded PD of volunteers performing the N-back task,a standard MWL task involving auditory attention and short term memory with three levels of difficulty (easy, moderate, and difficult). The measurements were made at 3 levels of average luminance selected to assess PD when it is small, medium, and large. Each of these luminance levels fluctuated around its mean level in a sinusoidal fashion (with a ±25% modulation) at one of 4 frequencies: 1.0 hertz (Hz), 0.2 Hz, 0.1 Hz, and 0.0 Hz. The last frequency being the control condition of a 0% light modulation. Multivariate analysis revealed the effects of MWL on PD were detectable across all combinations of luminance and modulation frequency. The next step is to determine whether pupil diameter can predict MWL.
The Apocalyptic Hijab: Emirati Mediations of Pious Fashion and Conflict Talk

This article examines Emirati public discourse on, and imagination of, gendered pious fashion and conflict talk as animated in the sitcom Shaabiat Al-Cartoon (SAC) and other connected cultural expressions. Through a multimodal analysis, it contributes to discussions of the politics of piety by analyzing the strategic illustration of the UAE’s female fashion sense and use of the linguistic features that move verbal dueling to verbal attack. In this prefabricated orality, the article outlines linguistic forms in mediating gendered conflict talk and animating pious fashion. The paper further argues that a multimodal social semiotic performance that is based on language and apparel can produce powerful effects on the co-production of gendered identities. Additionally, it demonstrates through this analysis how the producers of an episode of SAC, through the use of semiotic cues, attempt to reflect and shape Emirati sociocultural values and idioms on pious gendered clothing and perceptions of religiosity and modernity.
The impact of taxation on the value of companies

The study aims to analyze the factors that determine the financial structure of listed companies based on the impact of taxation on the value of companies (effective tax rate, tax savings, growth opportunities, asset tangibility, company size, Return on Assets (ROA), company seniority), and the impact of indebtedness on the profitability of enterprises measured by indebtedness rate, turnover, tangibility of assets and seniority of companies. The information collected from the annual financial statements for the period 2010 to 2019 related to the sample of companies was the basis for the analysis of the data panel using the method of multiple regressions. The results show that companies prefer equity as a means of financing and not debt because companies are sensitive to fiscal policies that are sometimes unpredictable and frequently changed. The influence that the fiscal variable has on the financial structure of the companies and its value is a constant result on the entire study. The result of the research also shows that there is an inverse proportion between the degree of indebtedness and the economic profitability of companies; very profitable companies have the ability to secure financing for most of the profits retained for this purpose. Key words: Investments, models, factors, influences, value.
Distributed dynamical temperature measurement of the rotor of small rotating machines using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) sensors

This article presents a contactless measurement technique of the rotor temperature of small rotating machines using Near-Infrared Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) sensors. This principle allows localizing heat spots in the rotor of electrical machines. The temperature information can be used to protect the machine by stopping its operation due to a heat spot. The concept is to measure the wavelength shift due to temperature changes for several FBGs integrated into a rotor. First, the temperature response of the FBG is simulated using Matlab. Then, a test bench is designed including a geometrically small electrical motor, a mechanical coupler, two bearings and a 3D printed cylinder. It has a rotational speed equivalent to a real electrical machine. The measurement principle uses a super-luminescent diode (815-855 nm) which is continuously coupled into an FBG embedded onto the rotor using suitable optics. The heating system is calibrated using a T-type thermocouple (class A: +/- 1 °C). Then, the Fiber Bragg Grating is heated while rotating the cylinder. The reflected signals are detected by a spectrometer. Finally, wavelength shifts due to temperature variations (10°C steps from 20 °C up to 70 °C) are experimentally measured up to 754 RPM. A temperature sensibility of 4.7 pm/°C is experimentally reached. As future work, the system with several gratings will be integrated into a small power rotating machine (kW) suitable for automotive applications. Reflected signals that correspond to temperature variations will be detected while rotating the FBGs to measure high temperatures ~ 150 °C for 1500 RPM.
Optimal siting and sizing of multiple type DGs for the performance enhancement of Distribution System using Differential Evolution Algorithm

The necessity of Distributed Generation (DG) in the modern power system has increased greatly. Optimal placement and sizing of DGs have a significant impact on the objectives of voltage stability enhancement, real and reactive power loss minimization and power system security and reliability. Different types of DGs such as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IVare placed. The optimal placement of these DGs is found using Voltage Stability Index (VSI). The optimal sizing of these DGs is done using Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. MATLAB simulation is carried out in standard IEEE 33-bus test system. The test is performed for various combinations of different types of DG. The results show that the voltage stability index along with Differential Evolution algorithm provides better voltage profile and power loss minimization as compared to the system without DG.
Frequency of caesarean section in diabetic vs. non diabetic females undergoing induction of labour at term

Objectives: 1. To find the frequency of gestational diabetes (GDM) in patients undergoing induction of labour. 2. To compare the frequency of caesarean section in diabetic (GDM) and non-diabetic females undergoing induction of labour. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive case series conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shalamar Hospital Lahore. The duration of the study was six months after approval from IRB. A sample size of 214 cases undergoing induction of labour at term during the study period; calculated with 95%confidence level and 3.4% margin of error and taking the expected percentage of GDM is 6.9%. Purposive sampling was used. 214 females who will fulfill the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from the labour room of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shalamar Hospital Lahore. Induction of labour done with tab Prostin 3mg single dose and patients having gestational diabetes were identified and frequency of caesarean section in diabetic and non-diabetic calculated. Results: In the current study, the mean age of the patients was 27.8±4.4 years. Mean gestational age was 37.1±3.8 weeks and mean BMI was 28.6±4.1 kg/m2. Primigravida were 88 (41.1%) and multigravidas were 126 (58.9%). Gestational diabetes was found to be in 36 patients (16.8%). Caesarean section was performed in 77 patients (36%). Comparison of frequency of cesarean section in diabetic (GDM) and non-diabetic females undergoing induction of labour revealed majority of the caesarean sections performed in GDM patients (p=0.007). Conclusion: In our study, pregnant women with gestational diabetes have a high caesarean section rate. Major factors that contribute to this high caesarean section rate in patients with gestational diabetes were advanced maternal age and high BMI.
Ensemble Distributed Search-FSGM-CRD Compressed Cache Algorithm for Large Datasets

Frequent sub-graph mining (FSM) is a alternative of frequent pattern mining where patterns are graphs. Among the entities, graph based representation is utilized to effectively represent the complex relationships. Various graph mining techniques are developed from the past many years, most the challenging tasks in graph mining is frequent sub-graph mining (FSM). In FSM many of the existing algorithms consider only graph based structure, the relationships based on entities involved and strength is not considered. It is very important to handle the complex and huge data. There is very huge demand in distributed computational approaches. In this paper, An Ensemble Distributed Search-FSGM-CRD Compressed Cache Algorithm is developed and implemented to find frequent sub graphs.
The Legacy of the Dean of Management Buy-out and Entrepreneurial Finance Research

This paper reviews 133 of Mike Wright’s contributions to the management buy-out and entrepreneurial finance literature. The outline is chronological and subject-related, revealing the development of Professor Wright’s scholarly work over time and its variety. We begin with the emergence of buy-outs, a discussion of agency costs and corporate governance issues. We then move to internationalisation, boom and bust, Mike's acknowledgement of the arrival of active investors, emerging markets, deal structuring, syndication, new venture finance, financial and economic performance, and recent developments. We document the legacy of an abundant scholar and provide, thanks to his outstanding academic impact, guidance on the evolution of management buy-out and entrepreneurial finance research since its inception.
Epiphytic yeasts from Piperaceae as biocontrol agents for foot rot of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici

Abstract. Safitri D, Wiyono S, Soekarno BPW, Achmad. 2021. Epiphytic yeasts from Piperaceae as biocontrol agents for foot rot of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. Biodiversitas 22: 1895-1901. Phytophthora capsici, is a causative agent of footrot disease, is the primary pathogen in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Footrot disease may cause a loss of 67% black pepper production. Yeast as a biocontrol is a promising technique to control foot rot disease. This study aimed to isolate, characterize yeasts from several species of Piper and determine their effectiveness against foot rot disease. Epiphytic yeasts were isolated from roots, stems, and leaves of Piper nigrum, P. retrofractum, and P. ornatum. The epiphytic yeasts were tested for their antagonistic activity against P. capsici as biocontrol agents. The antagonistic activity was observed through antibiosis mechanisms, volatile organic compound production, hyperparasitism, and the production of ꞵ1-1,3 glucanase enzyme. A total of 48 epiphytic yeasts were isolated from Piper species. There were five isolates with high antibiosis activity in vitro, i.e. EPT23, E62, EPT63, EPT69, EPT70, and identified through molecular identification as Rhodotorula glutinis, Cryptococcus magnus, Filobasidium globisporum, R. mucilaginosa, H. oryzae, respectively. The selected yeast showed biocontrol activity against foot rot disease ranged from 56.7 to 80.0%.
Atomistic Mechanisms of Phase Boundary Evolution during Initial Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon

In lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical reaction between Li and Si causes structural changes in the negative electrode. The dynamics of lithiation of Si can be further complicated by the crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition. In situ TEM experiments show that a sharp interface, known as phase boundary, is formed in between c-Si and a-LixSi during initial lithiation. Despite intensive study of the mixing mechanism during lithiation of Si negative electrode, the atomistic investigation of the formation and propagation of phase boundary for different orientation of Si remains unclear. We, therefore, performed molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the structural evolution of the phase boundary with a newly developed reactive force field (ReaxFF) potential for Li–Si. Our results confirm the phase boundary formation in between c-Si and a-LixSi. Structure and dynamics of the phase boundary depend on the crystalline phase of the Si. In particular, the location of the (111) plane plays a key rol.