Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Input-Absorptive High-Order Wideband Balun Bandpass Filters With Quasi-Elliptic-Type Response

A class of input-reflectionless high-order wideband balun bandpass filters (BPFs) with quasi-elliptic-type response are reported. They consist of two main circuit parts: 1) a three-port reflective-type high-order balun BPF network and 2) a resistively-terminated microstrip T -junction that is shunt connected at the unbalanced port. The reflective-type balun BPFs developed with 5th- and 6th-order Chebyshev equal-ripple responses are firstly described. By replacing the last two virtually-short-circuit-ended quarter-wavelength transmission-line (TL) stubs with open-circuit-ended half-wavelength TL stubs, their balun counterparts with two close-to-passband transmission zeros (TZs) are then presented. As design example, a 5th-order input-reflectionless quasi-elliptic-type wideband balun BPF is theoretically discussed. Furthermore, for experimental-validation purposes, a proof-of-concept two-layer microstrip prototype of 5th-order balun BPF is simulated and tested. Its measured metrics are 2.05-GHz center frequency, 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 63.61 % for the two output ports, input-power-matching levels higher than 10 dB, and stopband-power-rejection levels above 26.1 dB from DC to 5 GHz.
The deepest X-ray view of high-redshift galaxies: constraints on low-rate black-hole accretion

This article exploits the 7 Ms Chandra observations in the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), the deepest X-ray survey to date, coupled with CANDELS/GOODS-S data, to measure the total X-ray emission arising from 2076 galaxies at 3.5 ≤ z ≤ 6.5.
Impacto de los programas de transferencias de ingresos en la calidad de la vivienda familiar: evidencia para el plan de inclusión social, Argentina

Se busca identificar si el Plan de Inclusion Social, un programa de transferencias de ingresos implementado en San Luis en 2003, tuvo efecto sobre el porcentaje de individuos que habitan viviendas de calidad inadecuada. Se construye un panel de datos a nivel aglomerados para el periodo 1996-2006, y se utiliza el Metodo del Control Sintetico para identificar el impacto causal del programa sobre la variable de interes. Los resultados sugieren que el programa posibilito una reduccion de 1.85 puntos porcentuales en el porcentaje de individuos que habitan viviendas de calidad inadecuada, siendo este resultado robusto a diferentes pruebas de falsacion.
O ct 2 01 5 On the BER of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems

Abstract—In this paper we analyze and investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance of multiple-input multiple-o utput underwater wireless optical communication (MIMO-UWOC) systems. In addition to exact BER expressions, we also obtain an upper bound on the system BER. To effectively estimate the BE R expressions, we use Gauss-Hermite quadrature formula as we ll as approximation to the sum of log-normal random variables.We confirm the accuracy of our analytical expressions by evalua ting the BER through photon-counting approach. Our simulation results show that MIMO technique can mitigate the channel turbulence-induced fading and consequently, can partiall y extend the viable communication range, especially for channels wi th stronger turbulence.
Fabrication and Characterization of CdS-Nanoparticle Mono- and Multilayers on a Self-Assembled Monolayer of Alkanedithiols on Gold

Mono- and multilayers of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were fabricated on a gold substrate covered with alkanedithiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by an alternate immersion of the substrate into ethanolic solutions of dithiol, i.e., 1,6-hexanedithiol or 1,10-decanedithiol, and dispersion of CdS nanoparticles (ca. 3 nm in diameter), the latter of which was prepared in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT, AOT)/H2O/heptane reversed micelles. A layer-by-layer structure of dithiol SAM and CdS monolayer was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at each step of composite-film preparation. It was revealed that CdS nanoparticles on SAMs were surrounded by AOT, which was then substituted by dithiols when the film was treated with the dithiol solution. The amount of CdS nanoparticles on the sample was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to be consistent with the above-me.
Asymmetric transport for magnetic Dirac equations

This paper concerns the asymmetric transport associated with a low-energy interface Dirac model of graphene-type materials subject to external magnetic and electric fields. We show that the relevant physical observable, an interface conductivity, is quantized and robust to a large class of perturbations. These include defects that decay along or away from the interface, and sufficiently small or localized changes in the external fields. An explicit formula for the interface conductivity is given by a spectral flow.
Waste Water Use in Crop Production: A Review

Paucity of quality fresh water for agriculture has made waste water (WW) application a popular option. Available data on chemical co mposition of different waste water, their effect on soil fert ility, soil heavy-metal content, crop yield and quality parameters and maximu m permissible limits (MPL) of different International environ ment protection agencies and governments of different countries has been summarized. Chemical composition of WW varied remarkably with respect to their heavy-metal content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), biolog ical o xidation demand (BOD), chemical oxidation demand (COD), alkalinity and hardness. Field application of all types of waste water significantly increases soil OC percentage, soil EC, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total and DTPA-ext ractable heavy-metal/ micro -nutrient content, available macro-nutrient (N, P and K) content with significant decreases in calciu m carbonate content of surface soil. However, high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium strengthens its high fertigation/ manural value for field crops. Significantly higher heavy-metal accumu lation in soils irrigated with WW than ground water has been observed in surface layer than the lower depths of soil profile. Since crop genotypes and even crop cultivars within genotypes respond differently to waste water irrigation, their selection becomes mo re important under such situations. More importantly, carbon sequestration through WW irrigation could sustain long-term soil fert ility. Periodic monitoring of chemical composition of waste water, soil and crop produce is however, suggested for safe and long term use of waste water.
Unenthusiastic about Plastic

executive summary: Plastics are a growing environmental problem that many nations are only just beginning to wake up to. While it is clear plastics can last for a very long time in the environment, causing harm to wildlife, it is unclear how to best reduce the amount we use. In Antarctica, ‘the last wilderness on Earth’, we’d like to think that plastics have not reached there, however human activity in Antarctica brings plastic along with it. This report investigated how plastics were used in relation to food at Scott Base and in a field camp, with the aim of finding some solutions to the plastic problem. Management and planning of how food was used was the best way of reducing plastic waste in the field, while at Scott Base a better understanding of what is recyclable was needed. Ultimately, the solution comes all the way back to New Zealand where better recycling and packaging systems need to be put in place to reduce plastics in the first place. Innovative food packaging is the ultimate solution to reducing plastic on food in Antarctica. Introduction: Reducing our footprint and preserving the natural environment are key aims for many of the National Antarctic Programs living and working in Antarctica. To maintain the idea that Antarctica is the last pristine wilderness, many efforts are taken to erase or minimise the human presence. For Antarctica New Zealand, minimization of waste and interference with the environment are at the top of the priority list and a specific focus is reducing the amount of plastic taken to and used in Antarctica. The environmental impacts of plastic have only recently been recognized, and there is an emerging body of literature detailing and highlighting the need to seriously reduce the amount of plastic we are producing and polluting into the environment. While on a global scale, plastic pollution in Antarctica may seem insignificant, the presence of plastics in Antarctica highlights how serious the issue has become, and provides an excellent case study for how plastics are used and what the alternatives might be. This report aims to address the global environmental problem of plastics and use an Antarctic setting to address where practices need to change to reduce the amount of plastics we use.
Social Efficiency in Microfinance Institutions: Identifying How to Improve It

This article analyses the determinants for social and economic efficiency in microfinance institutions using a seemingly unrelated regression. We find two factors that improve their relative efficiency: legal status and target market; however, age and scale are not clear determinants. The main contribution of this paper is to engage microfinance institutions to achieve the desired social efficiency without giving up economic efficiency as the two can be complementary; moreover, it is possible to be efficient as a Non Banking Financial Institution/Non-Governmental Organization with small size and low-end target, at least. The paper is a new contribution in line with the so-called paradox of social cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association between cerebrospinal ferritin and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 along Alzheimer's continuum

Brain iron accumulation, which is indicated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin, is associated with the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Studies have indicated that iron deposition might participate in Alzheimer's pathology through the induction of microglial activation. A soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTrem2) in CSF is increasingly recognized as a reliable indicator for microglia activity in the brain and participates in the development of neuroinflammation. However, the association between CSF ferritin and sTrem2 under the AD continuum has not been well-established. We enrolled individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Participants were classified into healthy controls (HC, n = 46) and AD continuum (n = 105) in the combined strata of Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration (ATN) mode and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) criteria. The associations between CSF ferritin (indicating iron burden) and sTrem2, as well as AD pathology, which is reflected by Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau in CSF, were explored. CSF ferritin was significantly associated with sTrem2 among all participants (β = 0.517, P < 0.001, FDR < 0.001), HC (β = 0.749, P = 0.006, FDR = 0.010), and AD continuum (β = 0.488, P < 0.001, FDR < 0.001), respectively. However, ferritin predicted the accelerated sTrem2 level in those with high ferritin (β = 0.549, P = 0.036, FDR = 0.045). In conclusion, CSF ferritin serves as a potential biomarker of Trem2-indicated microglia function.
Genetic engineering of mesenchymal stromal cells for cancer therapy: turning partners in crime into Trojan horses

Abstract Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult progenitor cells with a high migratory and differentiation potential, which influence a broad range of biological functions in almost every tissue of the body. Among other mechanisms, MSCs do so by the secretion of molecular cues, differentiation toward more specialized cell types, or influence on the immune system. Expanding tumors also depend on the contribution of MSCs to building a supporting stroma, but the effects of MSCs appear to go beyond the mere supply of connective tissues. MSCs show targeted “homing” toward growing tumors, which is then followed by exerting direct and indirect effects on cancer cells. Several research groups have developed novel strategies that make use of the tumor tropism of MSCs by engineering them to express a transgene that enables an attack on cancer growth. This review aims to familiarize the reader with the current knowledge about MSC biology, the existing evidence for MSC contribution to tumor growth with its underlying mechanisms, and the strategies that have been developed using MSCs to deploy an anticancer therapy.
Primary antibody response after influenza virus infection is first dominated by low-mutated HA-stem antibodies followed by higher-mutated HA-head antibodies

Several studies have shown that the first encounter with influenza virus shapes the immune response to future infections or vaccinations. However, a detailed analysis of the primary antibody response is lacking as this is difficult to study in humans. It is therefore not known what the frequency and dynamics of the strain-specific hemagglutinin (HA) head- and stem-directed antibody responses are directly after primary influenza virus infection. Here, sera of twelve H1N1pdm2009 influenza virus-infected cynomolgus macaques were evaluated for HA-head and HA-stem domain antibody responses. We observed an early induction of HA-stem antibody responses, which was already decreased by day 56. In contrast, responses against the HA-head domain were low early after infection and increased at later timepoint. The HA-specific B cell repertoires in each animal showed diverse VH-gene usage with preferred VH-gene and JH-gene family usage for HA-head or HA-stem B cells but a highly diverse allelic variation within the VH-usage. HA-head B cells had shorter CDRH3s and higher VH-gene somatic hyper mutation levels relative to HA-stem B cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that HA-stem antibodies are the first to react to the infection while HA-head antibodies show a delayed response, but a greater propensity to enter the germinal center and undergo affinity maturation.
Editorial: Perspectives for natural language processing between AI, linguistics and cognitive science

COPYRIGHT © 2022 Lenci and Padó. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Perspectives for natural language processing between AI, linguistics and cognitive science
Novel kinome profiling technology reveals drug treatment is patient and 2D/3D model dependent in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is the deadliest brain cancer. One of the main reasons for poor outcome resides in therapy resistance, which adds additional challenges in finding an effective treatment. Small protein kinase inhibitors are molecules that have become widely studied for cancer treatments, including glioblastoma. However, none of these drugs have demonstrated a therapeutic activity or brought more benefit compared to the current standard procedure in clinical trials. Hence, understanding the reasons of the limited efficacy and drug resistance is valuable to develop more effective strategies toward the future. To gain novel insights into the method of action and drug resistance in glioblastoma, we established in parallel two patient-derived glioblastoma 2D and 3D organotypic multicellular spheroids models, and exposed them to a prolonged treatment of three weeks with temozolomide or either the two small protein kinase inhibitors enzastaurin and imatinib. We coupled the phenotypic evidence of cytotoxicity, proliferation, and migration to a novel kinase activity profiling platform (QuantaKinome™) that measured the activities of the intracellular network of kinases affected by the drug treatments. The results revealed a heterogeneous inter-patient phenotypic and molecular response to the different drugs. In general, small differences in kinase activation were observed, suggesting an intrinsic low influence of the drugs to the fundamental cellular processes like proliferation and migration. The pathway analysis indicated that many of the endogenously detected kinases were associated with the ErbB signaling pathway. We showed the intertumoral variability in drug responses, both in terms of efficacy and resistance, indicating the importance of pursuing a more personalized approach. In addition, we observed the influence derived from the application of 2D or 3D models in in vitro studies of kinases involved in the ErbB signaling pathway. We identified in one 3D sample a new resistance mechanism derived from imatinib treatment that results in a more invasive behavior. The present study applied a new approach to detect unique and specific drug effects associated with pathways in in vitro screening of compounds, to foster future drug development strategies for clinical research in glioblastoma.
High-level talents’ perceive overqualification and withdrawal behavior: A power perspective based on survival needs

Based on the power basis theory, this study examined the relationship between high-level talents’ perceived overqualification (POQ) and withdrawal behavior and the mediating role of sense of power. We also analyze the boundary effects of protected values and being trusted. The hypotheses of this study were tested through questionnaires gathered across three phases over 3 months from 371 high-level talents from 6 enterprises, 5 governments, and 13 universities in China. Hierarchical regression analyses and bootstrapping appraisals showed that: (1) POQ has a positive relationship with withdrawal behavior; (2) sense of power mediates the relationship between overqualification and withdrawal behavior, with high POQ resulting in low perceived power, which then reinforces withdrawal behavior; (3) the negative relationship between POQ and sense of power is stronger for high-level talents with high protected value (as opposed to low); (4) the negative relationship between sense of power and withdrawal behavior is stronger for high-level talents with highly being trusted (as opposed to low); (5) moderated-mediation analyses reveal that the mediating effects of sense of power are stronger for employees with high (as opposed to low) protected values or being trusted. At the end of this study, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
How Do Organisms Affect and Respond to Climate Change?

Life on Earth is diverse at many levels, meaning there is a lot of variety within species and there are many different kinds of species. This biodiversity provides many of the resources that humans need and enhances our quality of life. All of Earth’s organisms are affected by Earth’s climate, but they also influence Earth’s climate. In this article, we show how research on plants, animals, and microbes helps us better understand how living things can both impact and respond to climate change. This research also gives us insight into what the future might be like for life on Earth. Such knowledge will help us to protect our planet—and the living things on it—from the harmful effects of future climate change.
Economic value and characteristics of cloud pharmacy for children based on internet hospital in western China during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional survey study

Background Online health care services have been encouraged by the Chinese government in recent years, and the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed the rapid growing of internet hospitals. As an integral part of online health care services, little is known about the economic value and characteristics of cloud pharmacy especially for children. This study aimed to reveal the economic value and comprehensive characteristics of pediatric cloud pharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary children's hospital in western China. Methods A total of 33,254 online prescriptions over the course of February 2020 through December 2021 were analyzed with respect to the user profiles, diseases, consulting behaviors, distribution of departments, delivery region and distance, drug information and degree of satisfaction. The cost savings for patients calculated lost wages and the high-speed railway fees for transport to and from hospital. Results A total of 33,254 prescriptions, including 56,216 drugs were delivered to 27 provinces and municipalities of China. The internet cloud pharmacy saved a total of more than RMB 11.17 million in financial costs for patients. Of the 33,254 delivered prescriptions, 50.40% were sent to Chongqing Province, the top 5 provinces for out-of-province prescription deliveries were Sichuan (37.77%), Guizhou (8.00%), Yunnan (1.18%), Hubei (0.66%) and Guangdong (0.42%). In terms of department distribution, neurology (31.7%), respiratory (15.0%) and endocrinology (14.6%) were the top three departments. Epilepsy (16.2%), precocious puberty (10.3%) and asthma (8.7%) were the top three frequently consulted diseases. The peak times of day for online prescriptions occurred at 9 AM and 8 PM. 99.67% of users gave full marks for their internet counseling. Conclusion The pediatric cloud pharmacy is efficient, cost-saving and convenient for children with chronic disease or mild symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The widespread use of this pediatric cloud pharmacy can help alleviating pressure on offline hospitals and facilitated people's lives beyond geographical and time-related limitations. Further efforts are needed to be made to improve the quality and acceptance of pediatric cloud pharmacy, as well as to regulate and standardize the management of this novel online health care service.
Size-Dependent Enhancement of Third-order Optical Nonlinearity in CuBr xCl1- x Nanocrystals Embedded in Glass

We have studied the size-dependence of the third-order optical nonlinearity in CuBrxCl1-x (x=0.26±0.01) nanocrystals with radii ranging from 5.3-11.5 nm by means of degenerate four-wave mixing, time resolved luminescence and resonant luminescence experiments. The absolute value of third-order susceptibility χ(3) exhibits resonant behavior at the confined exciton level, and the resonant χ(3) increases with increasing crystallite radius R. Assuming a two-level atomic model, we have analyzed the size-dependence of χ(3) and obtained the R2.1-dependence of the oscillator strength of confined excitons. The figure of merit increases from 0.65 to 3.4 esu·cm/s with increasing size.
The Wealth Tax and Entrepreneurial Activity

Entrepreneurship is often credited with generating important positive economic externalities, such as promoting innovation, discovering new markets and serving as a mechanism for knowledge spill-over. Governments increasingly view encouragement of entrepreneurship as an important policy objective. Economists have found taxation as an important determinant of entrepreneurship, particularly income tax and capital gains tax. One form of taxation that has not been considered so far is the wealth tax. The wealth tax is likely to influence entrepreneurship negatively by affecting the pool of capital available for start-up businesses as well as reducing the net return to successful entrepreneurs. This article illustrates the impact of wealth tax on entrepreneurship using a simple model of the choice between becoming an entrepreneur or an employee. Actual data are then used to investigate whether the wealth tax indeed has a measurable effect on self-employment in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. A differences-in-differences type estimator using the abolition of the wealth tax as a ‘natural experi-ment’ points to a consistent pattern of perceptible, but small impact.