Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection and Coding Schemes for Sneak-Path Interference in Resistive Memory Arrays

Resistive memory is a promising technology for achieving unprecedented storage densities and new in-memory computing features. However, to fulfill their promise, resistive memories require array architectures suffering from a severe interference effect called “sneak paths. ” In this paper, we address the sneak-path problem through a communication-theory framework. Starting from the fundamental problem of readout with parallel-resistance interference, we develop several tools for detection and coding that significantly improve memory reliability. For the detection problem, we formulate and derive the optimal detector for a realistic array model, and then propose simplifications that enjoy similarly good performance and simpler implementation. Complementing detection for better error rates is done by a new coding scheme that shapes the stored bits to get lower sneak-path incidence. For the same storage rates, the new coding scheme exhibits error rates lower by an order of magnitude compared to known shaping techniques.
Pulmonary Vasculitides: A Review

Vasculitides are uncommon diseases that target multiple sites of the respiratory tract. Their manifestations vary widely, ranging from the banal (cough, rash) to life threatening (renal failure, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage). Small-vessel, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitides a
Image reconstruction enhancement via masked regularization

Image reconstruction based on an edge-sparsity assumption has become popular in recent years. Many methods of this type are capable of reconstructing nearly perfect edge-sparse images using limited data. In this paper, we present a method to improve the accuracy of a suboptimal image resulting from an edge-sparsity image reconstruction method when compressed sensing or empirical data requirements are not met. The method begins with an edge detection from an initial edge-sparsity based reconstruction. From this edge map, a mask matrix is created which allows us to regularize exclusively in regions away from edges. By accounting for the spatial distribution of the sparsity, our method preserves edge information and and furthermore enhances suboptimal reconstructions to be nearly perfect from fewer data than needed by the initial method. We present results for two phantom images using a variety of initial reconstruction methods.
Electron transfer reactions in methanogens

Abstract Methanogenic bacteria comprise a specialized group of obligately anaerobic microorganisms able to reduce a limited number of substrates to CH 4 . The intermediates involved in this reduction process remain bound to a series of typical C 1 -carriers. Reducing equivalents are either obtained from the oxidation of H 2 or from oxidation of carbon substrates to CO 2 . Electron transfer reactions thus constitute the very essence of the process of methanogenesis. In recent years much progress has been made in the elucidation of the special metabolic pathways and the nature of the C 1 -carriers involved in methanogenic bacteria. The energy generated at the oxidoreduction reactions, notably at the methylreductase step, is conserved by ATP synthesis. The energy is used for cell carbon synthesis and, in catalytic amounts, for the reductive activation of some methanogenic enzymes. Before the condensing reaction resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA takes place, 2 C 1 -units are reduced or oxidized depending on the substrate to a carbonyl and a -CH 3 group. Formation of the latter proceeds via the methanogenic route. Intermediary cell carbon synthesis starting from acetyl-CoA involves reductive carboxylations and oxidoreductions by the participation of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Angling impact on conservation of Spanish stream-dwelling brown trout Salmo trutta

Spanish brown trout, Salmo trutta L. , populations are currently overexploited as a result of unsuitable management activities, and their genetic uniqueness is threatened by introgression of foreign genes because of stocking. In this study, the status and management of trout fisheries were reviewed and the effects of fishery management on abundance, production and life history of trout in Spain assessed. Angling exploitation has reduced the mean age, the age diversity and number of trout exceeding the minimum size in exploited sections. Likewise, exploited areas show a general decrease in overall abundance parameters and production, as well as a depletion of the breeding stock and population fecundity. Current minimum size limit control reduces the spawning chances in fast-growing populations because of higher susceptibility to angling harvest. The effects of fishery management on population dynamics, production and life-history characteristics exhibit different patterns among Spanish rivers, and seem to depend on the environmental and biological characteristics of the populations. The current declining trend of brown trout could be reduced by river-specific management and alternative fishing regulations.
Torosaurus Marsh, 1891, is Triceratops Marsh, 1889 (Ceratopsidae: Chasmosaurinae): Synonymy Through Ontogeny

ABSTRACT Although they have been considered distinct genera for over a century, ontogenetic analyses reveal that Triceratops and “Torosaurus” actually represent growth stages of a single genus. Major changes in cranial morphology—including the opening of parietal fenestrae and the elongation of the squamosals—occur rapidly, very late in Triceratops ontogeny and result in the characteristic ‘Torosaurus’ morphology. This report presents the results of a 10-year field study of the dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and is based on a collection of over 50 specimens of Triceratops, including over 30 skulls, which have been amassed in that time, in addition to specimens from numerous other North American museums. This large sample of individuals reveals the full ontogenetic spectrum of Triceratops. The synonymy of Triceratops and ‘Torosaurus’ contributes to an unfolding view of extremely reduced dinosaur diversity just before the end of the Mesozoic Era.
The changing face of genus Homo

Since its introduction in the 18th century, the genus Homo has undergone a number of reinterpretations, all of which have served to make it a more inclusive taxon. In this paper, we trace this trend towards greater inclusiveness, and explain how it has affected the way Homo is defined. We then demonstrate that the current criteria for identifying species of Homo are difficult, if not impossible, to operate using paleoanthropological evidence. We discuss alternative, verifiable, criteria, and show that when these new criteria are applied to Homo, two species, Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis, fail to meet them. We contend that the lowest boundary of Homo should be redrawn so that the earliest species in the genus is Homo ergaster, or early African Homo erectus. The appearance of this species at around 1.9 Myr appears to mark a distinct shift in hominin adaptive strategy involving morphological and behavioral innovations.
A Comparison of Muscle Activation during the Pull-up and Three Alternative Pulling Exercises

The pull-up is primarily an upper body exercise used to train the muscular endurance or muscular strength components of fitness. This challenging exercise requires the participant pull their entire body weight from a dead hang using only their upper body musculature. Many individuals struggle with being able to complete one repetition (rep) as well as increasing the maximum number of reps they are able to complete. As a result, training for improved pull-up performance can be quite frustrating as an individual is often not able to assess how close they are to being able to complete a pull-up until they successfully do so. Being able to train for the pull-up through similar modified or alternative exercises would assist with both progress tracking and assessment, as well as developing appropriate exercise-specific periodized programs Astrand, Rodahl, Dahl and Stromme [1], Bompa [2], MacIntosh, Gardiner and McComas [3].
The universal field oriented (UFO) controller applied to wide speed range induction motor drives

The principle of the universal field-oriented (UFO) controller operating in an arbitrary reference frame is applied to a PWM inverter feeding a standard induction motor. An alternative synchronous current regulator is proposed that provides quick current response during transient torque conditions, that has the capability to transition to six-step operation, and that is characterized by a low harmonic current content during steady-state operation. The fundamentals of this current regulator are based on the space vector theory. In the linear pulsewidth modulation (PWM) region, the voltage reference is obtained through current feedback regulation in the synchronous reference frame. To attain full DC bus utilization at high motor speed (flux weakening), it is necessary to switch the regulator from linear PWM regulation to square-wave (six-step) operation. The transition between PWM and square-wave operation has to be controllable and should not cause undesirable currents and torque transients. To avoid these transients a feedforward voltage strategy is applied during this transition. Complete digital simulation results are carried out. <<ETX>>
Knowledge and experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among cardiologists in clinical practice: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the theoretical knowledge and clinical experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among Turkish cardiologists according to the recommendations of the 2015 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines. Methods: A total of 120 cardiologists from 14 different medical centers (six university and eight research-education hospitals) in İstanbul were included in the study. The questionnaire consisting of 29 open-ended and multiple choice questions on CPR was used and validated based on the ERC guidelines published in 2015. The percentage of correct answers was calculated for each participant. Results: Of the 120 cardiologists included in this study, 108 (90%) accepted the participation, and the median percentage of correct answers for theoretical questions was 53% (38-72). The percentage of correct answers for interventional cardiologists (48%, n=52) was significantly higher [60% (50–66) vs. 46% (38-52), p<0.001]. Regarding the type of medical centers, no statictical difference was found in terms of theoretical knowledge on CPR [57% (50-72) university hospitals vs. 49% (41-57) research-education hospitals, p=0.160). Peri-arrest transthoracic echocardiography was used in 71% of cases. The ratio of participants who had received an advanced cardiac life support course in the preceding year was only 19% (n=20), and those participants had a significantly higher score regarding the CPR theoretical knowledge questions [68% (54-70) vs. 46% (38-51), p<0.001]. Conclusion: The theoretical knowledge of cardiologists on CPR is not satisfactory according to the 2015 ERC guidelines. An increased frequency of CPR training courses may improve this result.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Cryptosporidium baileyi in Three Mixed-Bred Falcons (Falco rusticolus × Falco cherrug)

Abstract Three mixed-bred raptors (Falco rusticolus × Falco cherrug) from a German falcon breeder were presented with a history of respiratory distress. In one bird a laryngeal stridor was noted, and oral examination revealed an epiglottal swelling. In the other two birds, nasal discharge and sneezing were the main clinical symptoms. Nasal flushing samples and biopsies were collected for pathologic, bacteriologic, and parasitologic examination. Results confirmed a cryptosporidial infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA analysis identified the causative agent to be Cryptosporidium baileyi. No cryptosporidia were detected in fecal samples, indicating the infection was confined to the respiratory system. Analysis of prey animals (pigeons, quail) failed to identify the source of infection. Treatment was initiated with paromomycin in all three birds, whereas in two birds an additional therapy with azithromycin was given. However, no clinical improvement was seen after several weeks of treatment, and the birds either died or were euthanatized. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first confirmed cases of disease caused by cryptosporidia in the order of Falconiformes.
The role of point and ray picking shape Algorithm in picking object in Non Immersive Virtual world

Picking is an essential task and an interaction technique in any interactive graphics application. In the field of VR-like systems, conventional point and ray-picking algorithm is still widely used. The algorithm gains its performance by utilizing ray intersection checks to minimize the number of costly nearest point calculations. To reduce these costly operations on the precise VR world, we introduce an algorithm that performs ray intersection test during user interactions. The algorithm is gaining its performance by reducing these checks dramatically compared to the naive approach where the checks are carried out with each 3D cursor movement. The user can also query the system to see how they can perform a specific task. In this paper I wish to illustrate how the point and ray picking shape algorithmworks and helpful for the effective virtual object picking process.
Genetic and Biochemical Characteristics of Six Phytopathogenic Species of Pseudomonas

1. The five toxigenic and one non-toxigenic species of Pseudomonas differed with respect to three characteristics: (a) the relative frequency of nutritionally deficient mutants obtained by irradiating cells with ultraviolet light and the spectrum of mutants with specific requirements, (b) growth or lack of growth of methionine-requiring mutants when a number of organic sulfur-containing compounds were added to the defined medium, and (c) Rf value of exotoxins obtained from the toxigenic species. 2. Mutation rates from sensitivity to resistance to streptomycin were not significantly different for the six species; streptomycin-resistant mutants were toxigenic. 3. Growth of P. tabaci in media containing 6 x 10-3 M allylglycine, an antimetabolite for cysteine, provided an in vitro test to distinguish this species from P. angulata, which was inhibited in growth. 4. The relation between P. tabaci and P. angulata was briefly discussed on the basis of the simulation of the latter species by non-toxigenic variants of P. tabaci.
Determinants Of Mother To Child Transmission (Mtct) Of HIV Among Seropositive Mothers At Thika Level 5 Hospital, In Kiambu County, Kenya

xv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background Information . 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 3 1.3 Justification of the Study . 4 1.4 Research Questions . 4 1.5 Study Objectives . 5 1.5. 1 Broad Objective . 5 1.5. 2 Specific Objectives . 5 1.6 Study Hypotheses. 5 1.7 Significance and Scope of the Study . 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.
Spatial genetic subdivision among populations of the highly migratory black marlin Istiompax indica within the central Indo-Pacific

The black marlin Istiompax indica is a highly migratory species and as a result is expected to show little genetic population structure throughout its broad geographic range. Tissue samples from 183 I. indica were collected from three geographic regions within the central Indo-Pacific and analysed using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. Nuclear genetic heterogeneity was found among populations in the south-western Pacific Ocean, eastern Indian Ocean and South China Sea (significant FST values of 0.013–0.037). Combining information from nuclear markers with published movement and reproductive data suggests that reproductive philopatry plays a role in maintaining contemporary I. indica population structure. Analyses of the mitochondrial control region did not reflect this pattern; however, it identified historical population structure. Differing patterns of genetic population structure revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear markers demonstrated that a transition must have occurred between historical and contemporary population structures. This restructuring presumably reflects a species whose populations have become genetically isolated before experiencing a period of secondary contact. The spatial subdivision evident among populations indicates that I. indica in this central Indo-Pacific region should be managed as three independent stocks, to guide the sustainability of this fisheries resource.
Study on Cuff-Less Blood Pressure Measurement Based on Electrocardiography and Photoplethysmography Signal

The continuous blood pressure measurement research is widely known for helpingthe development of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring where it measures blood pressureevery 15 to 30 minutes throughout the day. The cuff is a problem for the patient withAmbulatory Blood Pressure Monitor. It can make a person feel uncomfortable and must staystill when the cuff starts to inflate. It is limiting and disturbing their daily activity when thedevice is starting to measure the blood pressure. Blood pressure measurement without cuff isbeing proposed in this research, called cuff-less blood pressure measurement. It will be based onPhotoplethysmography (PPG) and Electrocardiography (ECG) signal analysis. ECG (Lead 1,Lead 2, and Lead 3) with PPG signal produced from index finger on the left hand are comparedand analyzed. Then the relation of PPG and ECG signal and the optimum location for daily usecan be obtained. The optimum location will be based on the electrode’s position that producedthe optimum ECG lead Signal to measure blood pressure. Based on the result, PPG and ECGsignal have a linear relation with Blood Pressure Measurement and Lead 1 is more stable inproducing the ECG signal. The equation from Lead 1 appeared as one of the optimum equationsfor measuring Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP).
Demographic responses of arctic hares (Lepus timidus) to experimental reductions of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and martens (Martes martes)

This study aimed, through a field experiment, to test predictions from two hypotheses: (i) predation is a factor limiting arctic hare (Lepus timidus) populations, and (ii) predation shifts to arctic hares when voles (Microtus and Clethrionomys) decline to scarcity. Our approach was to compare demographic characteristics of hare populations on two large islands (Ranon, 2350 ha, and Bergon, 1800 ha) in the northern Baltic, where foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and martens (Martes martes) were alternately present in normal numbers or reduced by snaring and shooting over winter. Hare densities in March, as indexed by transect counts and estimated by Jolly–Seber analyses, averaged two to three times higher on each island during years with reduced numbers of foxes and martens. Rates of population increase on Ranon, and thus population trends, were correlated with annual survival of adults and yearlings, but more strongly with survival of juvenile hares from birth to March (indexed by recruitment). Survival estimates were.
The effect of body-weight changes during pregnancy and lactation on the performance of three breeds of sheep

SUMMARY Three husbandry systems were used to promote differential live-weight gains in 603 Cyprus Fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi ewes. Ewes on the high level of feeding had heavier litters than those on the medium and low levels. Litter size was not affected by level of feeding during pregnancy. Milk production was highest (P < 0·01) for ewes on the high level. The milk production of Chios and Awassi ewes was similar on the high and low feeding levels, but Awassi ewes outyielded both other breeds on the medium level. Chios ewes had larger and heavier litters (P < 0·01) than both other breeds. The correlations between live weights during lactation and milk yield were low and negative indicating a tendency for body loss at high yields.
Ricin and Saporin: Plant Enzymes for the Research and the Clinics

Many plants produce enzymes with N-glycosidase activity, also known as Ribosome Inactivating Proteins. These proteins remove a specific adenine residue from the ribosomal RNA (28S in eukaryotes) inducing the block of pro- tein synthesis by inhibiting the binding of the Elongation Factor 2. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes (with dif- ferent sensitivity) can irreversibly be damaged by the action of these enzymes, suggesting their use as cytotoxic drugs. In fact several applications of targeted N-glycosidases have been developed (i.e. immunotoxins) for the treatment of human diseases such as leukaemia, but biotechnological development has furthermore suggested new applications of targeted N- glycosidases (i.e. Ig192-saporin) that are now used as powerful tools for cell biology research. The high number of en- zymes available and the possibility to express these proteins as recombinant products, allow to predict new formulations and applications discussed in this paper starting from the example of the model toxins ricin and saporin.
Association between Pentraxin-3 and Cardiac Troponin-I with Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Patients with Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Evaluation by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Background: Pentraxin 3 is an inflammatory biomarker whose serum level is increased during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study was to measure the serum pentraxin-3 level in anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), to investigate correlation with the left ventricular (LV) systolic function assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography, and compare with the well-established cardiac biomarkers of myocardial injury such as troponin-I. Methods: Serum pentraxin-3 level was measured by ELISA in 50 patients with anterior STEMI. LV strain was measured by speckle tracking echocardiography. The results were compared to twenty sex- and age-matched persons who had history of stable angina and normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Results: Serum level of pentraxin-3 was significantly higher in STEMI patients in comparison to the control group (8.3 ± 3.1 versus 3.4 ± 1.2 ng/ml, p 0.001). Average LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was reduced in STEMI patients in comparison to control subjects (11.2 ± 2.4 versus 20.2 ± 2.1, p 0.001). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between serum pentraxin-3 level and LVEF (r = -0.557, p 0.001) and the average LVGLS (r =-0.529, p 0.001). Serum pentraxin-3 cutoff value > 8.3 ng/ml had sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 86.4% to detect LVEF less than 50% (p 0.001). While, peak cardiac troponin-I level > 34 ng/ml was 86% sensitive to detect LVEF less than 50% with specificity of 90.9%. Conclusions: The elevated serum level of pentraxin-3 and cardiac troponin-I in STEMI patients and their association with both LVEF and GLS support the concept that the magnitude of these biomarkers correlates to the severity of myocardium injury.