Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Provable Security of Two-Round Multi-Signatures

A multisignature scheme allows a group of signers to collaboratively sign a message, creating a single signature that convinces a verifier that every individual signer approved the message. The increased interest in technologies to decentralize trust has triggered the proposal of highly efficient two-round Schnorr-based multisig-nature schemes designed to scale up to thousands of signers, namely CoSi by Syta et al. (S&P 2016) and MuSig by Maxwell et al. (ePrint 2018). Previous two-round Schnorr-based schemes by Bagherzandi et al. (CCS 2008) and Ma et al. (DCC 2010) are less efficient in terms of signature size, signing time, or verification time. In this work, we prove that none of these schemes can be proved secure without radically departing from currently known techniques. Namely, we show that if the one-more discrete-logarithm problem is hard, then no algebraic reduction exists that proves any of these schemes secure under the discrete-logarithm or one-more discrete-logarithm problem. We point out subtle flaws in the published security proofs of each of the above schemes (except CoSi , which was not proved secure) to explain the contradiction between our result and the existing proofs.
Electrical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid tin bromide cubic perovskites: hole-doping and iodide substitution effects

Electrical properties of solution-grown organic–inorganic hybrid tin bromide perovskite crystals were evaluated. The resistivity of the as-grown crystal is 106–1010 Ω cm though hole doping of Sn(IV) results in a resistivity decrease by 1–5 orders of magnitude. The activation energy of the semiconducting regime was lower than the one expected on the basis of the band gap. This result suggests that the spontaneous doping as observed for the tin iodide system also occurs for tin bromide, although in this case the acceptor level is separated from the top of the valence band. Iodide substitution effects in tin bromide crystal were investigated using CH3NH3SnBr3(1−x)I3x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) crystals with variable bromide/iodide ratio. The room temperature resistivity monotonously decreases with increasing iodide content, x. The behavior and optical properties can be explained by the band model in which iodide substitution lifts up the top of the valence band and makes the energy difference to the acceptor levels smaller. In addition, a negative differential resistance behavior was observed in the bromide-rich region.
The Effect of ZAP-70 Expression on Disease Progression in Early-Stage (Binet A) B-CLL Patients

Objectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with various clinical findings. Prognostic markers predicting the clinical outcome in early-stage CLL would play a major role in disease management. Various studies have shown that zetaassociated protein 70 (ZAP-70) provides significant prognostic information. This retrospective, single-centre study evaluates the effect of ZAP-70 on disease progression in early-stage B-CLL. Patients and Methods: Fifty early-stage patients with a median age of 66 years (range 47-86 years) were enrolled in this study. ZAP-70 expression was measured in peripheral blood samples using flow cytometry. Cut-off value for ZAP-70 positivity was set at 20%. Results: Treatment had to be initiated in 21 of the 50 patients within a median of 42 months. The median time to initial treatment was 24 months. Twelve of the 50 patients (24%) were ZAP-70 positive. Ten of the 12 patients (83%) in the ZAP(+) group and 11 of the 38 patients (29%) in the ZAP(-) group required treatment on follow-up. The median treatment-free interval in ZAP(+) and ZAP(-) groups were 25 and 72 months, respectively (p=0.0001). Conclusion: ZAP-70 provides significant prognostic information and predicts treatment requirement in earlystage B-CLL patients. Ongoing studies will highlight the need for a different management policy of ZAP-70(+) early-stage CLL. Turkish Baslik: Erken Evre (Binet A) B-KLL Hastalarinda ZAP-70 Ekspresyonunun Hastalik Progresyonuna Etkisi Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik lenfositik losemi; ZAP-70; prognoz Amac: Kronik lenfositik losemi (KLL) degisken klinik bulgular gosterebilen heterojen bir hastaliktir. Erken evre KLLa#39;de klinik seyri onceden gosterebilecek prognostik belirtecler tedavi planlanmasinda belirleyici rol oynayabilir. Cesitli calismalarda zeta iliskili protein 70a#39;in (ZAP-70) onemli bir prognostik gosterge olabilecegine dair veriler elde edilmistir. Tek merkezli ve retrospektif olarak planlanmis bu calismada erken evre B-KLL hastalarinda ZAP- 70a#39;in hastalik progresyonu uzerine etkisi arastirilmistir. Hastalar ve Yontemler: Ortanca yasi 66 (dagilim 47-86) olan 50 erken evre B-KLL hastasi calismaya dahil edildi. ZAP-70 ekspresyon duzeyleri cevresel kanda akim sitometri yontemi ile calisildi. ZAP-70 pozitifligi icin esik deger %20 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Ortanca 42 aylik izlemde calismaya alinan 50 hastadan 21a#39;inde tedavi gerekliligi ortaya cikti. Tanidan tedaviye kadar gecen ortanca sure 24 aydi. Elli hastanin 12a#39;sinde (%24) ZAP-70 pozitif bulundu. ZAP-pozitif gruptaki 12 hastanin 10a#39;unda (%83) ve ZAP-negatif gruptaki 38 hastanin 11a#39;inde (%29) izlem sirasinda tedavi baslanmasi gerekti. ZAP pozitif ve negatif gruplarda tedaviye kadar gecen ortanca sure sirasiyla 25 ve 72 aydi (p=0.0001). Sonuc: Erken evre B-KLL hastalarinda tedavi gerekliligini belirlemede ZAP-70 duzeylerinin onemli prognostik degeri oldugu gorulmektedir. Tamamlayici calismalar ZAP-70 pozitif erken evre hastalarda farkli bir tedavi politikasinin gerekli olup olmadigini ortaya koyacaktir.
Anatomical Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the possible anatomical risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) such as vascular geometry of the left coronary artery and its branches using coronary angiography. Patients and Methods: The trunk length (T) of the left coronary artery, the curve angle of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the bifurcation angle between the LAD and the circumflex artery (Cx) were measured in 77 patients (age range 20-83, mean 58.9aplusmn;11.68). Results: The atherosclerotic plaque existence was investigated in LAD and Cx. The mean values of the T length, LAD curve angle and the LAD-Cx bifurcation angle were respectively 12.86 mm, 140.99adeg; and 94.07adeg;. In patients who have atherosclerotic plaques in LAD, the mean value of the T lengths was found 2.5 mm shorter than those of the patients whose LADs are intact (p=0.020). On the other hand a significant negative correlation between the LAD curve angle and the bifurcation angle was found (palt;0.001). Conclusion: In view of our results it can be suggested that geometrical pattern of LAD and its branches may be a congenital risk factor in development of CHD in patients who have no other risk factors. Amac: Calismanin amaci koroner anjiografi kullanarak sol koroner arterin vaskuler geometrik ozellikleri gibi konjenital kalp hastaliklarinin muhtemel anatomik risk faktorlerini aciklamakti. Hastalar ve Yontemler: Sol koroner arterin trunk uzunlugu (T), arteria interventricularis anterior (LAD)a#39;un donus acisi, LAD ve arteria circumflexa (Cx) arasindaki bifurkasyon acisi 77 hastada (yas araligi 20-83, ort. 58.9aplusmn;11.68) olculdu. Bulgular: Arteria interventricularis anterior (LAD) ve Cxa#39;de aterosklerotik plak varligi arastirildi. Sol koroner arterin trunk uzunlugu, LAD donus acisi ve LAD-Cx bifurkasyon acilari degerleri sirasiyla ortalama 12.86 mm, 140.99adeg; ve 94.07adeg; idi. Arteria interventricularis anteriora#39;de aterosklerotik plagi olan hastalarda ortalama T degerleri LADa#39;leri intakt olan hastalarinkinden 2.5 mm daha kisa bulundu (p=0.020). Diger taraftan LAD donus acisi ile bifurkasyon acisi arasinda negatif korelasyon bulundu (palt;0.001). Sonuc: Sonuclarimiza gore LAD ve dallarinin geometrik ozellikleri, baska risk faktoru olmayan CHDa#39;li hastalarin gelisiminde bir risk faktoru olabilir.
Document-Level Neural Machine Translation with Hierarchical Attention Networks

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) can be improved by including document-level contextual information. For this purpose, we propose a hierarchical attention model to capture the context in a structured and dynamic manner. The model is integrated in the original NMT architecture as another level of abstraction, conditioning on the NMT model’s own previous hidden states. Experiments show that hierarchical attention significantly improves the BLEU score over a strong NMT baseline with the state-of-the-art in context-aware methods, and that both the encoder and decoder benefit from context in complementary ways.
Situated Planning for Execution Under Temporal Constraints

One of the original motivations for domain-independent planning was to generate plans that would then be executed in the environment. However, most existing planners ignore the passage of time during planning. While this can work well when absolute time does not play a role, this approach can lead to plans failing when there are external timing constraints, such as deadlines. In this paper, we describe a new approach for time-sensitive temporal planning. Our planner is aware of the fact that plan execution will start only once planning finishes, and incorporates this information into its decision making, in order to focus the search on branches that are more likely to lead to plans that will be feasible when the planner finishes.
Short Run Price Elasticity of Demand for Energy in the US

We propose using cost shifters as valid instruments for the estimation of short-run price elasticity of demand for residential electricity. We argue that most of the previous studies do not address the endogeneity of price in the demand equation and hence suffer from simultaneity bias. Furthermore, we argue that using lagged prices or consumption as instruments clearly violates the exclusion restriction and overstates the magnitude of the short-run elasticity of demand. We propose using the price of coal and natural gas as instruments, since they are two of the most important inputs in the production of electricity in the U.S. We are able to estimate much smaller magnitudes of price elasticity, which implies that in the short run consumers are much less responsive to changes in prices than previously believed. Policies based on previous (higher) estimates are likely to take longer time to be effective, since these estimates are confounding short-run and long-run consumer responses to price changes.
Handling Service Level Agreements in IoT = Minding Rules + Log Analytics?

With the rise of Internet of Things, end-users expect to obtain data from well-connected smart devices and stations through data services being provisioned in distributed architectures. Such services could be aggregated in a number of smart ways to provide the end-users and third-party applications with sophisticated data (e.g., weather data coupled with soil pollution), resulting in a growing number of service offerings to be requested. Service offerings that have been shortlisted for a certain data request (e.g., rainfall in a particular farming site) need to be ranked according to the end-users' preference. Service level agreements, i.e., the mutual responsibilities between the service provider and its consumers, address this sort of preference. Unfortunately, provisioning quality-aware services under this term still stays on the sidelines. In this paper, we propose a novel service architecture where the service level agreements shall be: (i) accumulated overtime on IoT service transactions; (ii) compiled when aggregating IoT services; (iii) used as a ranking criterion for suggesting IoT service offerings. We demonstrate our new approach in the service provisioning of agricultural datasets taken from a farming site of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam.
Gradient morphophonology: Evidence from Uyghur vowel harmony

For the Structuralists and early Generativists (e.g. Bloomfield 1933; Chomsky & Halle 1968), all grammatical knowledge was by definition discrete and categorical. Since phonetic patterns are gradient, early work argued that phonetics was extra-grammatical. However, a significant body of work has since shown that phonetic patterns are language-specific and must constitute part of a speaker’s knowledge about their language (e.g. Keating 1985). As a result, linguistic knowledge is not ontologically categorical. For other areas of the grammar, though, much work continues to assume that linguistic knowledge is categorical. In this paper, I investigate the categoricality of phonological patterns using acoustic vowel harmony data from Uyghur. By comparing subphonemic variation in Uyghur with attested patterns of phonetic reduction and interpolation, I demonstrate that gradience is not always derivable from phonetic forces. On these grounds I argue that vowel harmony, and by extension phonology, may be gradient. Furthermore, the claim that gradience plays a larger role in linguistic representations is also supported by a number of descriptive works, which suggest that gradient harmony may occur in a wide range of languages. Building on experimental, and typological evidence, I thus contend that gradience isn’t restricted to phonetics, but pervades both the phonological and phonetic modules of the grammar.
Perioperative care for lower limb amputation in vascular disease

Lower limb amputations (LLAs) are widely performed. Rates for LLA have remained relatively constant over the last decade, with 5000 procedures performed per year in the UK. The indications are predominantly vascular occlusive disease and diabetes mellitus, with both conditions present concurrently in a substantial proportion of patients. The proportion of above knee amputations (AKAs) in comparison with below knee amputations (BKAs) has decreased over recent years. A recent UK series showed a BKA:AKA ratio of just greater than 1:1. 1 Patients presenting for LLA due to vascular disease are predominantly elderly and have a high prevalence of co-morbid pathology including coronary artery disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and smoking-related lung disease [e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]. Post-mortem studies report diffuse and severe coronary artery atherosclerosis in up to 92% of the patients requiring LLA for peripheral vascular disease. 2 Perioperative cardiac events are common and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients requiring LLA have 30 day mortality rates as high as 17%. 3 AKA is associated with an increased risk compared with BKA, with mortality rates of 10–17% and 5– 10%, respectively. 3 In addition, patients undergoing LLA have a high incidence of complications with respiratory and wound infections, poor mobility, and persistent postoperative pain. Surgery is frequently undertaken on emergency lists and out of hours. This situation creates challenges for perioperative planning and reduces the time available for medical optimization in the preoperative period. Using the available evidence base and concentrating on anaesthetic aspects, this review will describe a focused, best practice approach to the perioperative care for patients undergoing LLA.
Stringy Hodge numbers and p-adic Hodge theory

The aim of this paper is to give an application of p-adic Hodge theory to stringy Hodge numbers introduced by V. Batyrev for a mathematical formulation of mirror symmetry. Since the stringy Hodge numbers of an algebraic variety are defined by choosing a resolution of singularities, the well-definedness is not clear from the definition. We give a proof of the well-definedness by using arithmetic techniques such as p-adic integration and p-adic Hodge theory. Note that another proof of the well-definedness was obtained by V. Batyrev himself by motivic integration.
Bound to Africa: the Mandinka Legacy in the New World

I offer here a theory of “cultural convergence,” as a corollary to Darwin's natural selection, regarding how slave Creoles and culture were formed among the Gullah and, by extension, supported by other examples, in the Americas. When numerous speakers from different, and sometimes related, ethnic groups have words with similar sounds and evoke related meanings, this commonality powers the word into Creole use, especially if there is commonality with Southern English or the host language. This theory applies to cultural features as well, including music. Perhaps the most haunting example of my theory is that of “massa,” the alleged mispronunciation by Southern slaves of “master. ” Massa is in fact the correct Bainouk and Cassanga ethnic group pronunciation of mansa, the famous word used so widely among the adjacent and dominant Mande peoples in northern and coastal west Africa to denote king or boss. In this new framework, the changes wrought by Mandinka, the Mande more broadly, and African culture generally on the South, are every bit as significant as the linguistic infusions of the Norman Conquest into what became English.
0 60 40 19 v 1 2 3 A pr 2 00 6 Excited hadrons on the lattice : Baryons

We present results for masses of excited baryons from a quenched calculation with Chirally Improved quarks at pion masses down to 350 MeV. Our analysis of the correlators is based on the variational method. In order to provide a large basis set for spanning the physical states, we use interpolators with different Dirac structures and Jacobi smeared quark sources of different width. Our spectroscopy results for a wide range of ground state and excited baryons are discussed.
Rapid Response Fluorescence Probe Enabled In Vivo Diagnosis and Assessing Treatment Response of Hypochlorous Acid‐Mediated Rheumatoid Arthritis

Diagnosis and early assessment of the treatment response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitates a reliable bioanalytical method for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of the hypochlorous acid (HOCl) biomarker in inflammatory diseases. Herein, two fluorescence probes, Probe‐1 and Probe‐2 are developed for quantitative monitoring and visualization of inflammatory response–related HOCl levels in vitro and in vivo. In the presence of HOCl, fluorescence “OFF–ON” response is obtained for both the probes as a result of specific HOCl‐triggered CN bond cleavage reaction. Probe‐1 and Probe‐2 feature rapid response (<4 s), a high degree of sensitivity and selectivity toward HOCl, which allow them to be used for quantification of HOCl in a simulated physiological condition. Using Probe‐2 as the probe, fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analysis of HOCl levels in lysosome of inflammatory mimic cells, visualization of HOCl generation in endotoxin‐induced inflammation of adult zebrafish and RA of mice are possible. Probe‐2 exhibits high effectiveness for early assessment of the treatment response of HOCl‐mediated RA in mice with an antiarthritic drug, methotrexate (MTX). The results demonstrate that Probe‐2 is a powerful tool for future studies on diagnosis and monitoring treatment efficiency in a broad range of inflammatory diseases, including RA.
An Analytical Gradient Model for the Characterization of Conductor Surface Roughness Effects

A novel analytical gradient model (AGM) is presented to characterize the conductor surface roughness of microstrip lines. Based on the AGM, both the electrical and thermal performance of microstrip line with rough surface are investigated in detail. The numerical results show that the AGM gives more accurate prediction than the conventional Hammerstad model. In addition, the AGM is convenient for guiding the design of microwave devices.
2.4-GHz Tunable Miniature CMOS Active Bandpass Filter with Two Transmission Zeros Using Lumped Stepped-Impedance Ring Resonator

This paper demonstrates a small-size 2.4-GHz CMOS active bandpass filter with two transmission zeros using a lumped stepped-impedance ring resonator. To obtain low insertion loss and small size, four high-Q active inductors using $\mathbf{0.18} \pmb{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ CMOS transistors only are employed in the design. The measured insertion loss is 2.9-dB at 2.4 GHz center frequency with two transmission zeros located at 2.1 GHz and 3.1 GHz, respectively. By tuning the bias currents of active inductors, the center frequency has 1.4 GHz tuning range and the 1-dB bandwidth can be adjusted in the range of 190 MHz to 260 MHz. The demonstrated active filter occupies a small chip area of $\mathbf{0.47\ mm} \mathbf{x\ 0.33\ mm}$ excluding I/O pads and has 24 dB noise figure. Thus, an active filter with a preceding two-stage common-source LNA for suppression of noise of the active filter is also demonstrated and the resulting LNA + active filter has 6 dB noise figure. The power consumption of the active filter core and the LNA cnte is 9 mW and 7.2 mW, respectively.
SAVANT: A new efficient approach to generating the visual hull

We present a new approach to generating a boundary representation (a polygonal mesh) of the visual hull from a set of silhouettes of an object taken from known camera positions. The approach uses spatial subdivision to compute the positions of vertices and then traverses the vertices around planar faces to produce a facetted representation of the visual hull. We show that, unlike standard approaches, the method is practical even for a large number of complex silhouettes. It is applicable to any 3D modeling system that uses the “shape-from-silhouette” approach to generating 3D models of objects. The approach can also be extended to efficiently compute polygonal mesh representations of the intersection of a set of arbitrary polyhedral models. This extends its applicability to CAD systems
Recent Progress on the Fabrication and Properties of Silver Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes

Transparent electrodes (TEs) made of metallic nanowires, such as Ag, Au, Cu, and Ni, are attracting increasing attention for several reasons: (1) they can act as a substitute for tin oxide-based TEs such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO); (2) various methods exist for fabricating such TEs such as filtration, spraying, and Meyer bar coating; (3) greater compatibility with different substrates can be achieved due to the variety of fabrication methods; and (4) extra functions in addition to serving as electrodes, such as catalytic abilities, can be obtained due to the metals of which the TEs are composed. There are a large number of applications for TEs, ranging from electronics and sensors to biomedical devices. This short review is a summary of recent progress, mainly over the past five years, on silver nanowire-based TEs. The focus of the review is on theory development, mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability as well as optical properties. The many applications of TEs are outside the scope of this review.
Millimeter-wave Chip-to-Chip Interconnect Using Plastic Wire Operating in Single and Dual Mode

This work presents, for operation at millimeterwave frequency, a transition between an integrated circuit and a flexible plastic dielectric rod waveguide attached perpendicularly to the circuit. A transition featuring low loss, small chip-area consumption and ease of mechanical alignment is obtained by a combination of an on-chip spherical dielectric resonator and a metallic circular waveguide resonator. The flexible plastic wire can be operated in two orthogonal polarization modes, thereby doubling the transmission capacity. Transmission loss of the transition from on-chip microstrip line to Teflon plastic wire is extracted from measurements. For the single-mode transition, transmission is −3.7 dB and −3.2 dB at 62 GHz and 103 GHz, respectively. For the dual-mode transition, loss is about 0.4 dB higher.