Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GONADOTROPHINS, OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN BULIMIA NERVOSA

Gonadotrophins and gonadal hormones were studied during the menstrual cycle or during 5 weeks when no cycles occurred in 15 patients who were diagnosed as having bulimia by DSM III criteria. Nine healthy age‐matched women served as controls. Based on plasma oestradiol (E2) values patients were divided into two groups. Group I (n= 8) did not show E2 increases greater than 444 pmol/l indicating that no follicular development took place. Group II showed normal follicular hormone production during the follicular phase but impaired progesterone (P4) levels during the luteal phase. Studies of episodic gonadotrophin secretion during the follicular phase revealed low average LH and FSH values and reduced amplitude but no significant changes of frequency in group I. Our data indicate that impaired follicular maturation as seen in about half of the bulimic patients is caused by impaired gonadotrophin secretion.
Tax audit and tax productivity in Lagos state, Nigeria

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the tax audit on tax productivity in Lagos state, Nigeria. Specifically, the study analyzed trends of tax audit and tax productivity, and the impact of Desk audit, Field audit and Back-duty audit on tax productivity in Lagos state. Design/methodology/approach The study made use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data used in the study were collected with the use of questionnaires administered to 350 randomly selected staffs of Lagos state Internal Revenue Services, while secondary data used in the study were sourced from Federal Inland Revenue Service and Lagos Internal Revenue Service audit division in Lagos state over the period spanning from 2000 to 2015. Data collated in the study were analyzed descriptively using inferential methods such as unit root test, and estimation techniques such as Fully Modified Least Square (FMOLS) co-integration regression and Logit regression analysis. Findings The study revealed that Field tax audit, desk tax audit and Back duty tax audit exert a significant positive impact on tax productivity with reported estimate of 0.530454 (p=0.0044<0.05) for FIDAUD, 0.774450 (p=0.0085< 0.05) for DEKAUD, 1.244317 (p=0.0001<0.05) for BAKAUD. Research limitations/implications Relevant tax authority (RTA), tax auditors and FIRS staff members should have full knowledge of modern audit tools like Computer Aided Audit Tools (CAATs) to enhance performance and maximum tax revenue generation. Practical implications The study concluded that tax audit enhances the level of productivity of tax administration in Lagos state and that any form of tax audit has the tendency of influencing revenue accruing to the government from taxation positively. Hence, tax audit should be carried out on a routine basis to ensure that actual revenue collected is what the RTA remits to the government. Tax audit department should be given autonomy to carry out their responsibilities effectively. Social implications Tax audit should be carried out on a routine basis to ensure that actual revenue collected is what the RTA remits to the government. Tax audit department should be given autonomy to carry out their responsibilities effectively. Originality/value This tax audit and tax productivity in Lagos state, Nigeria, fulfills an identified need to study how brand-supportive behavior can be enabled.
The use of geographic information systems in public services

As J. T. Coppock and D. W. Rhind (1991, 21) suggest, there are rather few written traces on the beginnings of the geographic information system (GIS). Nevertheless, the first modern use of GIS can be associated with the Canadian government efforts made in the mid-1960s (Haklay, Antoniou, Basiouka, Soden & Mooney, 2014, 11). This endeavor included the census of Canadian land resources in order to understand how the land was used at that time, and also to have a better idea on how to use inventoried land in the future. The mentioned project is considered to be the first GIS project, whereas the first use of the term GIS is associated with the project’s director R. Tomlinson (Longley & Batty, 2003, 2). Interestingly enough, this GIS project did not Preliminary communication UDC: 007:528.9]:004 doi:10.5937/ekonhor1703227S
Intracarotid glucose induced norepinephrine response and the development of diet induced obesity.

Intracarotid glucose infusions cause increased plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels in some rats. This is used as an index of sympathetic activation. Similar increases in plasma NE levels are produced by intravenous glucose injections and these levels correlate positively with the amount of weight gained by adult rats when they are subsequently fed a diet enriched in calories, sucrose and fat (condensed milk (CM) diet) for three months. Thus, rats prone to develop diet induced obesity (DIO) on the CM diet have greater intravenous glucose induced NE responses than those which are diet resistant (DR). To test the hypothesis that this relationship is mediated by the brain, 17 chow fed, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were infused for 60 min with intracarotid glucose at 4 mg/kg/min and blood samples were obtained for plasma catecholamines, insulin and glucose. They were then placed on the CM diet for three months. After three months on the CM diet, there was a wide variability in body weight gain and the weights of retroperitoneal fat pads, an indirect measure of carcass adiposity. For all 17 rats, there was a significant correlation between both body weight gain (r = 0.685, P = 0.002) and retroperitoneal fat pad weights (r = 0.590, P = 0.013) with the levels of plasma NE reached 45-60 min into the preceding intracarotid glucose infusions. For the six lowest and six highest glucose induced NE responders, the correlation between NE response and body weight gain on CM diet was r = 0.944 (P = 0.0001). Plasma epinephrine, insulin and glucose levels were unchanged during such infusions. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ecomorphology of Orbit Orientation and the Adaptive Significance of Binocular Vision in Primates and Other Mammals

Primates are characterized by forward-facing, or convergent, orbits and associated binocular field overlap. Hypotheses explaining the adaptive significance of these traits often relate to ecological factors, such as arboreality, nocturnal visual predation, or saltatory locomotion in a complex nocturnal, arboreal environment. This study re-examines the ecological factors that are associated with high orbit convergence in mammals. Orbit orientation data were collected for 321 extant taxa from sixteen orders of metatherian (marsupial) and eutherian mammals. These taxa were coded for activity pattern, degree of faunivory, and substrate preference. Results demonstrate that nocturnal and cathemeral mammals have significantly more convergent orbits than diurnal taxa, both within and across orders. Faunivorous eutherians (both nocturnal and diurnal) have higher mean orbit convergence than opportunistically foraging or non-faunivorous taxa. However, substrate preference is not associated with higher orbit convergence and, by extension, greater binocular visual field overlap. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that mammalian predators evolved higher orbit convergence, binocular vision, and stereopsis to counter camouflage in prey inhabiting a nocturnal environment. Strepsirhine primates have a range of orbit convergence values similar to nocturnal or cathemeral predatory non-primate mammals. These data are entirely consistent with the nocturnal visual predation hypothesis of primate origins.
NEURAL REGULATION OF FOOD INTAKE

Nearly all of the published studies of the regulation of food intake neglect the fact that the total amount of food eaten is always the product of two factors, the number of meals multiplied by the intake of the average meal. This is true for any animal which eats periodically, as most of the higher animals do, and it applies equally to short-term experiments of a day or two, or to long-term studies lasting many months. Any procedure altering food intake does so through some change in one or both of these, while any constancy observed in intake from time to time is a result either of a uniformity of frequency and intake or of some proportional and opposed change in them. Of these factors, the number of meals (i.e., the frequency of feeding) is determined by just where in the interfeeding interval a new feeding activity begins, but the average intake depends upon how long the eating persists and how rapidly i t proceeds. The regulation of food intake, then, is based upon the regulation of feeding behavior -the behavior peculiar to the beginning and ending of a typical feeding period. Since all behavior in higher animals issues from the central nervous system, it seems appropriate to attempt to review what is known of the central mechanisms taking part in this regulation. For a time, the central components of hunger, appetite, and satiety were neglected because of emphasis upon the gastric origin of hunger, although this emphasis was not an essential part of the original gastric hunger theory. Carlson (1916), in his monograph on hunger, recognized the existence of ‘‘hunger centers’’ in medulla, diencephalon, and cerebral cortex, while Rogers is said by Carlson (1916, p. 215) to have discovered that the hunger behavior of decorticated pigeons is abolished by removal of the optic thalamus, i.e., the hypothalamus. It now seems probable tha t the gastric mechanism was overemphasized because it could be studied rather easily, and much was learned about it. Moreover, observations upon vagotomized subjects and animals with denervated gastric pouches implied that the origin of the contractions was independenl of central nervous control. For many years, the central nervous regulation was practically unstudied. With the discovery by Hetherington and Ranson (1940) that obesity could be produced by lesions confined to the hypothalamus, and the observations of Brobeck, Tepperman, and Long (1943) that the obesity is a result of hyperphagia, interest of investigators began to turn toward the role of the brain. When Anand and Brobeck (1951) then reported that appropriate injury to the hypothalamus causes aphagia as well as hyperphagia, it was clear that the brain possesses mechanisms for both starting and stopping eating behavior. These discoveries that the hypothalamic mechanism is a dual one suggest that “appetite” and “satiety” may be two separable and distinct phenomena (appetite and satiety are used here in a purely behavioral sense, without prejudice as to their subjective or psychological nature). If the region where
Tunable antennas and AMC structures

Cognitive Radio systems require antennas and microwave components to be actively tuned for different parts of the frequency spectrum. In this paper results of a study of antenna and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) tuning techniques are presented. The integration of antennas over AMCs allows platform independent placing which is ideal for mobile devices, vehicle and on-body communications systems. There are a number of ways in which microwave antennas can be tuned such as by using pin diodes, varactor diodes and MEMs switches [1–3] Microwave antennas have been reported which are tuned using nematic liquid crystal (LC) substrates [4, 5]. Here we report a single-port antenna which is comprised of two capacitive-fed plates sharing one lower-band patch, operating over many wireless frequency bands. Other designs incorporating matching circuits will also be presented covering bands from 100MHz up to 6 GHz. Tuning of electromagnetic band gap materials has been reported for a single frequency band [6, 7]. However in many applications multi-band tuning will be required and a dual layer, dual band AMC was described in [8] by the authors. That work is extended here and results for a single layer AMC independently tunable across two separate frequency bands and integrated with a wide band monopole antenna are presented.
The Anti-Carcinogenic Effect of Indole-3-Carbinol and 3, 3'-Diindolylmethane and their Mechanism of Action

Indoles are aromatic heterocyclic organic compound and became the precursor to many pharmaceuticals. Indoles are found naturally in cruciferous plants and indole derivatives, indole-3-carbinole (I3C) and 3, 3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) can also be synthesized by a variety of methods. In vitro studies indicated that I3C and DIM inhibit cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and induced apoptosis. The precise molecular mechanisms by which indole derivatives exert their tumor suppressive effects in human cancer cells are still unclear. It was reported that indoles alter estrogen metabolism. Microarray gene expression profiling and other studies indicated that indoles regulate many genes that are important for the control of cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction, angiogenesis and cell invasion. In addition, it was found that indoles prevent tumor formation of breast and prostate cancer in animal models. Furthermore, these derivatives were evaluated in human clinical trials phase I and phase II as a potential chemopreventive agents against human breast, ovary, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and colon cancers. Preliminary findings of these studies showed a significant clinical improvement. Interestingly, the use of indole derivatives was found to be safe without any indicated side effects. In conclusion, the results provide an evidence of the benefit of indole-derivatives in the prevention and treatment of hormone-dependent and hormone-independent human cancer. Further clinical trials are needed in order to approve the efficacy of indole derivatives in treatment of human cancer and to evaluate the indole use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Analysis of the kinetics of antiviral memory T help in vivo: characterization of short‐lived cross‐reactive T help

To evaluate the kinetics of functional effector and memory T help in vivo the effect of priming with one serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus‐Indiana (VSV‐IND) on the antibody response to a serologically distinct heterologous second serotype (VSV‐New Jersey; VSV‐NJ) was studied. Mice primed with VSV‐IND 4 or 8 days before being given a second infection of VSV‐NJ developed an earlier and enhanced IgG response to neutralizing determinants of the second VSV serotype. However, this enhanced response was not detected in mice primed 15 or more days prior to a second infection. After 15 days, mice challenged with the heterologous VSV‐NJ mounted a strictly normal primary response without evidence of suppression. It was shown by in vivo time‐kinetics experiments that efficient VSV cross‐reactive T help, capable of enhancing the IgG response is short lived and cyclosporin A resistant. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated in the absence of experimental evidence for suppression that this short‐lived capacity to enhance neutralizing IgG antibody responses is mediated by T cells. These findings have implications for understanding antiviral protection and immunological memory against related but serologically distinct viruses.
Birth weight, weight change, and blood pressure during childhood and adolescence: a school-based multiple cohort study

Objective We assessed the association between birth weight, weight change, and current blood pressure (BP) across the entire age-span of childhood and adolescence in large school-based cohorts in the Seychelles, an island state in the African region. Methods Three cohorts were analyzed: 1004 children examined at age 5.5 and 9.1 years, 1886 children at 9.1 and 12.5, and 1575 children at 12.5 and 15.5, respectively. Birth and 1-year anthropometric data were gathered from medical files. The outcome was BP at age 5.5, 9.1, 12.5 or 15.5 years, respectively. Conditional linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contribution of changes in weight (expressed in z-score) during different age periods on BP. All analyses were adjusted for height. Results At all ages, current BP was strongly associated with current weight. Birth weight was not significantly associated with current BP. Upon adjustment for current weight, the association between birth weight and current BP tended to become negative. Conditional linear regression analyses indicated that changes in weight during successive age periods since birth contributed substantially to current BP at all ages. The strength of the association between weight change and current BP increased throughout successive age periods. Conclusion Weight changes during any age period since birth have substantial impact on BP during childhood and adolescence, with BP being more responsive to recent than earlier weight changes.
Regio- and stereoselective epoxidation of arachidonic acid by human cytochromes P450 2C8 and 2C9.

In the present study, the regio- and stereoselective epoxidation of arachidonic acid by cytochromes P450 2C8 and 2C9, two members of the CYP2C gene subfamily expressed in human liver, was determined. Purified P450 isozymes, reconstituted with NADPH:P450 oxidoreductase, cytochrome b5 and lipid, or microsomes isolated from human liver, were incubated with [1-14C]-arachidonic acid. For regioselective analysis, the epoxide metabolites formed, 14,15-, 11,12- and 8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), were resolved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. P450 2C8 produces only the 14,15- and 11,12-EETs in a 1.25:1.00 ratio. The two epoxides represent 68% of the total metabolites. P450 2C9 produces 14,15-, 11,12- and 8,9-EETs in a 2.3:1.0:0.5 ratio. The three epoxides represent 69% of the total metabolites. Neither P450 isoform catalyzes the formation of 5,6-EET. For chiral analysis, the two major epoxide metabolites, 14,15- and 11,12-EETs, were derivatized to methyl and pentafluorbenzyl esters, respectively. Enantiomers of 14,15- and 11,12-EET esters were subsequently resolved on Chiralcel OB and OD columns (J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, PA), respectively. Both P450 2C8 and 2C9 are stereoselective at the 14,15- position, preferentially producing 14(R), 15(S)-EET with 86.2% and 62.5% selectivity, respectively. Both enzymes are also stereoselective at the 11,12-position but have the opposite selectivity. P450 2C8 is 81.1% selective for 11(R), 12(S)-EET; P450 2C9 is 69.4% selective for the 11(S), 12(R)-EET. Immunoinhibition studies performed with anti-2C9 immunoglobulin G (which also reacts with P450 2C8) and hepatic microsomes indicate that these two P450s are important arachidonic acid epoxygenases in human liver.
Determination of functional and morphologic changes in palmar digital nerves after nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave treatment in horses.

OBJECTIVE To determine functional and morphologic changes in palmar digital nerves after nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) treatment in horses. ANIMALS 6 horses. PROCEDURES The medial and lateral palmar digital nerves of the left forelimb were treated with nonfocused ESWs. The medial palmar digital nerve of the right forelimb served as a nontreated control nerve. At 3, 7, and 35 days after treatment, respectively, 2 horses each were anesthetized and nerves were surgically exposed. Sensory nerve conduction velocities (SNCVs) of treated and control nerves were recorded, after which palmar digital neurectomies were performed. Morphologic changes in nerves were assessed via transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Significantly lower SNCV in treated medial and lateral nerves, compared with control nerves, was found 3 and 7 days after treatment. A significantly lower SNCV was detected in treated medial but not lateral nerves 35 days after treatment. Transmission electron microscopy of treated nerves revealed disruption of the myelin sheath with no evidence of damage to Schwann cell bodies or axons, 3, 7, and 35 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nonfocused ESW treatment of the metacarpophalangeal area resulted in lower SNCV in palmar digital nerves. This effect likely contributes to the post-treatment analgesia observed in horses and may result in altered peripheral pain perception. Horses with preexisting lesions may be at greater risk of sustaining catastrophic injuries when exercised after treatment.
Idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury: A short review

Idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (iDILI) is a rare adverse drug reaction that occasionally leads to acute liver failure or even death. An aging population that uses more drugs, a constant influx of newly developed drugs, and a growing risk from herbal and dietary supplements of uncertain quality can lead to an increase in iDILI. Antimicrobials, central nervous system agents, and herbal and dietary supplements are the most common causes of iDILI in developed countries. iDILI is still a diagnosis of exclusion, and thus careful history taking and thorough work‐ups for competing etiologies, such as acute viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and others, are essential. The pathogenesis of iDILI is not clear and includes a mix of host reactions, drug metabolites, and environmental factors. Immediate cessation of the suspected offending drug is key to preventing or minimizing progressive damage. No definitive therapies for iDILI are available, and the treatments remain largely supportive. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:494–500)
Power upgrading by simultaneous AC-DC power transfer in a double circuit AC line

Long EHV AC lines cannot be loaded to their thermal limits to keep sufficient margin against transient instability. With proposed simultaneous AC-DC transmission it is possible to load these line very close to their thermal limits. The conductors are allowed to carry superimposed DC current along with AC. The added DC power flow does not cause any transient instability. This paper presents the feasibility of converting a double circuit AC line into simultaneous AC-DC power transmission line to enhance power transfer as well as to get the advantages of parallel AC-DC transmission. Simulation studies are carried out for the coordinated control as well as independent control of AC and DC power transmission. No alterations of conductors, insulator strings and towers of the original line are needed. Substantial gain in the loadability of the line is obtained. Master current controller measures AC current and on-line regulates DC current orders for converters such that conductor current never exceeds its thermal limit
The Role of Decision Support Systems in the Re-Engineering of Administrative Processes in Saudi Higher Education Institutions - Taif University Case Study

The aim of this study is to identify the role of decision support systems (DSS) in the Re-engineering of administrative processes at Taif University. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed and developed covering (30) items for the purpose of collecting and distributing the data among the members of the sample of which comprises (75) employees. Therefore, data were collected, analyzed and tested using SPSS. Numerous statistical methods were used to achieve the study objectives including the analysis of multiple and simple regression. After conducting the analysis of the study data and hypotheses, the study concluded several results; the most noticeable are: