Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Long Shadow of Human‐Generated Geohazards: Risks and Crises

The purpose of this chapter is to focus attention on the “damage and risk” side of the geohazard (GHZ) phenomena rather than on their generating processes. Damage evaluations are indeed often neglected and oversimplified in predictive studies. As a result, risks are poorly understood and often considered as the mere expression of the probability or likelihood of an adverse event. In this chapter, we will use numerous real‐life examples and will discuss among other subjects: technical glossary of risk, damages, crises, multidimensional consequences analysis, and definition of risk tolerance. This chapter also focuses on ethical (geo‐ethical) issues linked to GHZs caused by human activities and their mitigation decisions and possible unintended consequences. The discussion includes the sometimes excessive and sometimes lacking (blindness) perception of risks by the public, corporate, and public officers. The root cause of some odd human behaviors when facing risks (biases) like the survivor bias is discussed. GHZs cast a long and often misunderstood shadow on human activities, development, and survival. By understanding how to model consequences and better evaluating risks and crises, we will be able to alleviate human and environmental suffering and foster sustainable development. and intangible benefits deriving from big data use. Intangible benefits are considered to be potentially as valuable as the tangible (directly quantifiable) benefits and include a focus on hazard identification and dynamic risk evaluation rather than (uninformed) risk taking, as well as the use of one dataset visible to all parties.
Molecular Cloning, Expression, Function, Structure and Immunoreactivities of a Sphingomyelinase D from Loxosceles adelaida, a Brazilian Brown Spider from Karstic Areas

Loxosceles is the most poisonous spider in Brazil and, at least, three different species of medical importance are known in Brazil (L. intermedia, L. gaucho, L. laeta), with more than 5000 cases of envenomation reported each year. In South Africa, L. parrami and L. spinulosa are responsible for cutaneous loxoscelism (Newlands et al., 1982). In Australia, a cosmopolitan species, L. rufescens, is capable of causing ulceration in humans. In the USA, at least five Loxosceles species, including L. reclusa (brown recluse), L. apachea, L. arizonica, L. unicolor and L. deserta are known to cause numerous incidents (Ginsburg W Gendron, 1990; Bey et al., 1997; Desai et al., 2000). Several studies have indicated that sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) present in the venoms of Loxosceles spiders is the main component responsible for the local and systemic effects observed in loxoscelism (Forrester et al., 1978; Kurpiewski et al., 1981; Tambourgi et al., 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007; van den Berg et al., 2002, 2007; Fernandes Pedrosa et al., 2002; Paixao Cavalcanti et al., 2006, Tambourgi et al., 2010). SMases D hydrolyze sphingomyelin resulting in the formation of ceramide-1-phosphate and choline (Forrester et al., 1978; Kurpiewski et al., 1981; Tambourgi et al., 1998) and, in the presence of Mg2+, are able to catalyze the release of choline from lysophosphatidylcholine (van Meeteren et al., 2004). All spider venom SMases D sequenced to date display a significant level of sequence similarity and thus likely possess the same (┙/┚)8 or TIM barrel fold (Murakami et al., 2005, 2006). Based on sequence identity, biochemical activity and molecular modelling, a scheme for classification of spider venom SMases D was proposed (Murakami et al., 2006). The class 1 enzymes include SMase I and H13, SMases D from L. laeta, which possess a single disulphide bridge and contain an extended hydrophobic loop or variable loop (Murakami et
Technical efficiency and productivity analysis of Spanish citrus farms

Spain occupies the first position in the European and Mediterranean rankings of citrus production and trade. Given the relevance of this sector, the main purpose of this study is to analyze its technical efficiency (TE) using the stochastic frontier model (SF) and decompose its productivity growth into various components using primal approach. We use a farm-level data for a sample of farms specialized in orange production. Results indicate that Spanish citrus farms improved their efficiency during the period studied at a rate of 9.5%, (the estimated average efficiency level for our sample is 64.11%); they also show evidence in favour of an increase in total factor productivity at a rate of 2.7% per year. Allocation efficiencies, technical efficiency change, and scale effects were found to be the main factors that caused this growth in TFP.
The expression and role of trefoil factors in human tumors

Trefoil factor (TFF) family is a type of small secreted peptide characterized by a stable trefoil structure, and it includes three members: TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3. TFFs were initially found mainly distributed in the gastrointestinal mucosa and were subsequently found in the uterus, breast, hypothalamus, pituitary, respiratory tract, conjunctiva and other tissues, with the biological function of mucosal protection, epithelial restitution, inflammatory regulation, etc. Recent studies have found that TFFs’ expression was up-regulated in multiple malignant tumors, including gastric cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer, prostate cancer, etc. In addition, TFFs’ levels in these tumor tissues or in the serum of patients were closely correlated with malignancy and prognosis. TFFs promote tumorigenesis and metastasis by enhancing cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and by inhibiting cell apoptosis. On the contrary, several recent studies have shown a down-regulation of TFFs in some cancers, and a tumor suppressing role of TFFs through the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis. Do TFFs play a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting role? Can they be used as a reliable biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, or as a treatment target? What is the underlying regulatory mechanism? Currently, these questions still need to be elucidated. This review summarizes current studies about the expression and role of TFFs in human tumors.
Effect of Fin Angle on Electrical Characteristics of Nanoscale Bulk FinFETs

Bulk fin-shaped field effect transistor (finFET) has been viewed as a promising candidate for sub-45 nm very largescale integrated (VLSI) circuit design and manufacturing. The structure features excellent device characteristics in comparing with the conventionally planar devices. In fabricating the bulk finFETs, the effect of a nonrectangular fin angle has to be carefully concerned that an ideal fin angle (90 degree) is not easy to be manufactured. Therefore, the short channel effect may be arisen due to the non-ideal manufacturing conditions and influence the device electrical properties. In this paper, the performance impacted by angles and heights of bulk finFETs are for the first time comprehensively investigated to draw the optimal strategy in novel VLSI circuit design.
The Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Variant rs2070744 in Turkish Elite Athletes

Abdullah Cenikli1, Ayşe Feyda Nursal2, Akin Tekcan3, Funda Demirtürk4, Serbülent Yiğit5 1Department of Couching, Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Tokat, 2Department of Medical Genetic, Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, 3Ahi Evran University, School of Health, Kirsehir, 4Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat School of Health, Tokat, 5Department of Medical Biology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey eNOS and Turkish Elite Athletes The Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Variant rs2070744 in Turkish Elite Athletes
A Compact Angular Diversity Technique with Quad Corner Reflector Arrays for 2.4 GHz Applications

Dau-Chyrh Chang 1, , Chun-Hung Lin , Yen-Ching Kuo , Bing-Hao Zeng , Ji-Chyun Liu 5 1 Dept. of Communications Engineering, Oriental Institute of Technology Banciao, Taipei, 220, Taiwan, dcchang@mail.oit. edu.tw 2 Unication Co., Ltd, Sinjhuang, Taipei, 248, Taiwan 3 Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, Da Yeh University Dacun-Shiang, Chang-Hwa,515, Taiwan 4 Dept. of Communications Engineering, Yuan Ze University Jung-Li, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan, s958604@mail.yzu. edu.tw 5 Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Ching Yun University Jung-Li, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan, jichyun@cyu.edu.tw
A Novel Approach to Obesity from Mental Function

Obesity is well recognized as serious problem in the world. Regular exercise and modest food intake are the basic strategies for healthy body weight. Although, it is very difficult to lose weight and it is much more difficult to avoid weight regain. Recently, from basic and clinical studies, some part of this difficulty might be explained by impairment of central nervous system due to obesity. Indeed, mental function, such as cognitive impairment, depression, vulnerability to stress, wrong body image, low self-esteem and disregulation of hedonic hunger contribute to development of obesity. The link between such mental disorders and obesity is likely to be bidirectional. Brain inflammation and imbalance of neuronal plasticity caused by disregulation of metabolic signals are candidates which cause mental disorders associated with obesity.
Evaluation of in vitro activity of tigecycline against carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative clinical isolates

Introduction: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens poses a serious overwhelming threat to public health worldwide. The paucity in developing novel antimicrobials escalates the antimicrobial resistance problem, severely reducing the available therapeutic options. Tigecycline, a broad-spectrum glycylcycline, is considered the last-resort antimicrobial agent for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the activity of tigecycline against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 247 consecutive, nonrepeat carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates, detected by the VITEK 2 Compact system with advanced expert system, were obtained during the period from January 2012 to December 2015. Minimal inhibitory concentrations to tigecycline were determined using agar dilution method, and the results were interpreted using Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and EUCAST breakpoints. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms (MIC90) varied from 1 to 8 μg/ml for the study isolates, except for P. aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis where MIC90is ≥16 μg/ml. Using FDA breakpoint, sensitivity rates of tigecycline varied from 68% to 92%, except P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis. However, the susceptibility rate for the same isolates remained within 58% to 90%, following EUCAST breakpoint. Conclusions: Tigecycline exhibited potent in vitro activity against Gram-negative carbapenemase producers, except P. aeruginosa and Proteus spp. Its broad-spectrum activity combining with stability against common resistance mechanisms and the lack of cross-resistance with other classes of antimicrobials make tigecycline a therapeutic agent for the multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
A Model for Coronary Heart Disease Prediction Using Data Mining Classification Techniques

Nowadays the guts malady is one amongst the foremost causes of death within the world. Thus it s early prediction and diagnosing is vital in medical field, which might facilitate in on time treatment, decreasing health prices and decreasing death caused by it. The treatment values the disease is not cheap by most of the patients and Clinical choices are usually raised supported by doctors‟ intuition and skill instead of on the knowledge-rich information hidden within the stored data. The model for prediction of heart disease using a classification techniques in data mining reduce medical errors, decreases unwanted exercise variation, enhance patient well-being and improves patient results. The model has been developed to support decision making in heart disease prediction based on data mining techniques. The experiments were performed using the model, based on the three techniques, and their accuracy in prediction noted. The decision tree, naïve Bayes, KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) and WEKA API (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis-application programming interface) were the various data mining methods that were used. The model predicts the likelihood of getting a heart disease using more input medical attributes. 13 attributes that is: blood pressure, sex, age, cholesterol, blood sugar among other factors such as genetic factors, sedentary behavior, socio-economic status and race has been use to predict the likelihood of patient getting a Heart disease until now. This study research added two more attributes that is: Obesity and Smoking.740 Record sets with medical attributes was obtained from a publicly available database for heart disease from machine learning repository with the help of the datasets, and the patterns significant to the heart attack prediction was extracted and divided into two data sets, one was used for training which consisted of 296 records & another for testing consisted of 444 records, and the fraction of accuracy of every data mining classification that was applied was used as standard for performance measure. The performance was compared by calculating the confusion matrix that assists to find the precision recall and accuracy. High performance and accuracy was provided by the complete system model. Comparison between the proposed techniques and the existing one in the prediction capability was presented. The model system assists clinicians in survival rate prediction of an individual patient and future medication is planned for. Consequently, the families, relatives, and their patients can plan for treatment preferences and plan for their budget consequently.
Gauss’ Problem, Negative Pell’s Equation and Odd Graphs

In this paper we present some results connected with still open problem of Gauss, negative Pell’s equation and some type graphs.In particular we prove in the Theorem 1 that all real quadratic fields K=Q( ) , generated by Fermat’s numbers with d=Fm+1=22m+1+1,m≥2, have not unique factorization. Theorem 2 give a connection of the Gauss problem with primitive Pythagorean triples. Moreover, in final part of our paper we indicate on some connections of the Gauss problem with odd graphs investigated by Cremona and Odoni in the papper [5].
Reptiles from Timor and the neighbouring islands

the most interesting subjects of zoogeography, the islands of this group having their own peculiar inhabitants besides a great many species which they have in common with Java and still other species that are strictly Australian forms. Wallace already in his „Malay Archipelago” drew attention to this fact, and stated that with regard to the birds 47 species ought to be regarded as being derived from Java, whilst 48 species originated from Australia. With regard to the Papilionidae Wallace mentions 4 species peculiar to Timor, 3 also found in Java
Bandwidth Improvement of Omni-Directional Monopole Antenna with a Modified Ground Plane

─ This study introduces a new design of low profile, multi-resonance and omni-directional monopole antenna for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications. The proposed antenna configuration consists of an ordinary square radiating patch and a ground plane with pairs of inverted fork-shaped slits and inverted Γ-shaped parasitic structures, which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 135%. By cutting a pair of inverted fork-shaped slits in the ground plane and also by inserting a pair of inverted / -shaped conductorbacked plane in the feed gap distance, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced; especially at the higher band. By obtaining the third and fourth resonances, the usable lower frequency is decreased from 3.12 GHz to 2.83 GHz and also the usable upper frequency of the presented monopole antenna is extended from 10.3 GHz to 14.87 GHz. The proposed antenna has symmetrical structure with an ordinary square radiating patch; therefore, displays a good omni-directional radiation patterns, even at the higher frequencies. The antenna radiation efficiency is greater than 87% across the entire radiating band. The measured results show that the proposed antenna can achieve the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) requirement of less than 2.0 GHz in frequency range from 2.83 GHz to 14.87 GHz, which is suitable for UWB systems. Index Terms ─ Omni-directional radiating patterns and printed monopole antenna.
Pediatric Obesity Interventions in Racial and Ethnic Minorities: A Systematic Review

Review N = 99 Abstract Review N = 119 Excluded 71 articles Failed to meet inclusion criteria Excluded 79 articles Failed to meet inclusion criteria/ adequate minority population Articles selected for review N = 10 Hand search N = 1 Full text review N = 40 Excluded 58 articles Failed to meet inclusion criteria (short duration, too few participants for observational study, inadequate minority participation)
Managing for the Sustained Success of Organic Food Associations: A Sustainable Management Approach from “Working with People” Model

Systems and agricultural organizations are facing new challenges in an increasingly complex and competitive environment. Opposing the existence of other food producers that show low profitability in their production systems, there are other models that have differentiated through ecological production being able to reach high profitability in their production systems. Ecological agriculture is seen as an opportunity to supply to those social segments that would rather consume healthy products. This article reviews literature on processes and key management factors for the sustained success of an organization, resulting on a conceptual framework that synthesizes these ideas. Mainly it looks at two international standards: ISO 9004 (2009) and ISO 21500 (2012). This conceptual framework is used to analyze the experience of an organization of organic farmers called Camposeven, which counts with farmers with over 40 years of experience in production, processing, and marketing of conventional and organic crops in the region of Murcia in Spain.
Proteinase-activated receptor-2 enhances Bcl2-like protein-12 expression in lung cancer cells to suppress p53 expression

Introduction The pathogenesis of lung cancer is unclear. Less expression of p53 or p53 mutation was identified in lung cancer cells, which plays a role in the development of lung cancer. Recent reports indicate that Bcl2-like protein-12 (Bcl2L12) can inhibit the expression of p53. Lung cancer cells express proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2). This study tests the hypothesis that activation of PAR2 inhibits the expression of p53 in lung cancer cells. Material and methods Lung cancer cells were collected from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The cells were exposed to active peptides or trypsin in the culture for 48 h. The expression of p53 was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results We observed that lung cancer cells express Bcl2L12. Activation of PAR2 increases expression of Bcl2L12 in lung cancer cells. Bcl2L12 mediates PAR2-suppressed p53 expression in lung cancer cells. IgE-activated mast cell suppression of p53 expression in lung cancer cells can be prevented by knocking down Bcl2L12. The Bcl2L12 bound Mdm2, the transcription factor of p53, to prevent the Mdm2 from binding to the promoter of p53 and thus inhibited p53 expression in lung cancer cells. PAR2 could attenuate lung cancer cell apoptosis via inducing Bcl2L12. Conclusions Lung cancer cells express Bcl2L12, which mediates the effects of activation of PAR2 on suppressing the expression of p53 in lung cancer cells, implying that Bcl2L12 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer.
Distribution of Choroidal Thinning in High Myopia, Diabetes Mellitus, and Aging: A Swept-Source OCT Study

Purpose To compare the macular choroidal thinning between young healthy, aged healthy, young high myopic, and aged type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid and three-dimensional (3D) maps. Methods A prospective study including 102 eyes of 51 healthy young subjects, 60 eyes of 30 healthy aged subjects, 24 eyes of 12 high myopic patients, and 110 eyes of 55 T2D patients. Choroidal thickness (CT) was examined with swept-source optical coherence tomography Triton DRI (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The choroid was automatically segmented using the software algorithm, and mean CT values of a 6 × 6 mm macular cube were exported. 3D maps were created to represent CT, and its values were compared using the ETDRS grid. Results Mean age was 27.31 ± 3.95, 66.41 ± 7.54, 27.69 ± 3.89, and 66.48 ± 7.59 years in young healthy, aged healthy, young high myopic, and T2D patients, respectively. CT was not shown to be uniform, as superior and central zones were thicker. All ETDRS sectors were always thicker (p < 0.05) in young healthy individuals than in the others. It was found that the choroidal sector which got thinner was inferior in case of age (103.28 μm decrease), inferior-nasal in high myopia (86.19 μm decrease), and temporal in T2D (55.57 μm decrease). In addition, the choroid got thinner in those regions where it was thicker in healthy subjects. Conclusions 3D maps allow a further comprehension of choroidal changes. The choroidal pattern in young healthy individuals resembles a mountain range; with age, a mountain peak; in high myopia, an inverted gorge; and in aged T2D, gathered hills. Not all choroidal regions are affected in a similar way, as it depends on the pathology. The thicker the zone is in healthy subjects, the thinner it becomes with any pathology.
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHASE OF POLY ( VINYLIDEN FLUO IDE ) FILMS BY ELECTROPH RETIC DEPOSITIO : EFFECT OF POLYMER DISPERSION STIRRING CONDITIONS

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was applied to conformably deposit piezoelectric PVDF film on uneven surface target. Nevertheless, optimization of polymer dispersion preparation process is crucial to achieve an even and uniform PVDF film. Sedimentation test showed PVDF polymer dispersions were more stable and well-dispersed in DMF than in MEK. Higher stirring temperature and shorter stirring time in MEK further decreased the PVDF dispersion stability and produced higher degree of agglomerated PVDF chain. As a result, MEK-based dispersion produced thick and fully coverage films whereas, the DMF-based dispersions produced thin but partial coverage films. Thus, the degree of dispersibility of the PVDF dispersions had a profound influence on the deposited films’ microstructure. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of electroactive β phase in DMF-derived deposit, and a mixture of α and β phases in the MEK-derived films.
Tests of a reinforced concrete frame beam subjected to seismic-type loading

The experimental results from reversed cyclic loading tests on twelve exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints are presented. The primary variables were the ratio of positive to negative reinforcement and the stirrup spacing of beams. The specimens were subjected to cyclic load reversal at deflection levels intended to represent the levels that could be obtained during a moderate or severe earthquake. The results are compared with the existing design recommendations and investigating the behavior of reinforced concrete beam. A reduced stirrup spacing and an increased ratio of positive to negative steel at the face of the support improves cyclic performance of beams.