Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 2014 Magnetism Roadmap

Magnetism is a very fascinating and dynamic field. Especially in the last 30 years, there have been many major advances in a range of areas from novel fundamental phenomena to new products. Applications such as hard disc drives and magnetic sensors are part of our daily life and new applications, such as in non-volatile computer random access memory, are expected to surface shortly. Thus it is an opportune time for describing the current status and current and future challenges in the form of a roadmap article. The 2014 Magnetism Roadmap provides a view on several selected, presently very active innovative developments. It consists of twelve sections, each written by an expert in the field and addressing a specific subject, with a strong emphasis on future potential. This Roadmap cannot cover the entire field. Several highly relevant areas have been selected without attempting to provide a full review - a future update will aim to address further. The scope covers mostly nanomagnetic phenomena and applications, where surfaces and interfaces provide additional functionality. New developments in fundamental topics such as interacting nanoelements, novel magnon-based spintronics concepts, spin–orbit torques and spin-caloric phenomena are addressed. New materials such as organic magnetic materials and permanent magnets are covered. New applications are presented such as nanomagnetic logic, non-local and domain-wall based devices, heat-assisted magnetic recording, magnetic random access memory and applications in biotechnology. This Roadmap acts to serve as a guideline for future emerging research directions in modern magnetism.
Liquidity issues surrounding neglected firms

The neglected firm effect is the phenomenon where stocks of less widely-known firms have larger returns than that predicted by asset pricing models. Researchers have found mitigating variables, such as the price of the stock, that have partially explained the performance of neglected firms. Neglect and price may be proxies for the liquidity of each firm's stock, and the higher observed returns may actually be a premium for the lack of liquidity. This paper compares two definitions of neglect and their relationship with liquidity. When neglect is measured by the number of analysts following a stock, more analysts are associated with higher liquidity for the stock. An even stronger relationship is observed when the proxy for neglect is widely disseminated earnings announcements. These results are confirmed in regression analyses that control for the stock price.
2 Pre-Harvest Applications of Potassium Silicate , Chitosan and Calcium Chloride to Improve Mango cv . ‘ Zibda ’ Fruit Quality and

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an economically and popular important tropical fruit in the world and also in Egypt. The total planted area of mango orchards in Egypt reached of 183341 feddans with annually total production of 786528 tons (Statistics of Ministry of Agriculture and land reclamation, 2014). Mango fruit quality consists of many attributes that are considered the key components that contribute to a high quality fresh mango and in the consumer acceptability. They include texture, sweetness, acidity, flavor, volatiles, aroma, nutritional value, chemical components, appearance of flesh colour and shelf life (Mitra & Baldwin, 1997). Mango is a climacteric fruit, it has poor storage life and the fruit ripening rapidly after harvesting, which greatly affects a loss in commercial value and ripe fruits it becomes much more susceptible to pathogen infections, due to the reduction in peel impedance and the raising of pulp softening, availability of water and sugars (Wongkhot et al., 2012).
The Role of Urinary Cadmium and Lead Level on Pregnant Women Renal Function

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are heavy metals which used in many industry and were confirmed as environmental toxin and mainly effects reproductive system and toxic to growing fetus. Determination of cadmium and lead level generally measure by spectrophotometric methods. But in this study, we used a method based on approach adjusting specific gravity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of cadmium and lead exposure on pregnancy outcome by measuring their correlation on renal function. This study was performed between January to May 2013 and targeted 57 pregnant women as the control group (32 patients of normal pregnancy) and case group (25 patients of preeclampsia). For analyzing of the data, SPSS software version 17 was used and was examined by Mann- Whitney test and Spearman correlation test. We found that there are significant correlation between Cd an Pb exposure on urea level, urea-creatinine ratio, and GFR of the pregnancy patients (p < 0,05) but unlike to the creatinine serum. 
Monitoring the Maintainability of Deep Inspiration Phase with Cine Acquisition in Patients with Left-Sided Breast Carcinoma Receiving Radiotherapy

Objectives: This prospective study aimed to investigate whether left-sided breast carcinoma patients could maintain deep inspiration (DI) during radiotherapy in order to reduce exposed heart volume. Methods: Twenty-one patients with left breast carcinoma receiving adjuvant breast radiotherapy were included in this study. Breath hold time was monitored using the cine acquisition mode (CAM) of a linear accelerator during treatment in every fraction. Simulated kV and treatment field images were compared to determine whether the patient could achieve the same “breath holding level” (BHD). Maintenance of BHD during beam on time was referred as “maintenance of intrafraction breath holding level” (BHM), and chest wall displacement during each treatment was measured in order to verify the BHM. Furthermore, the relation between treatment time and patient compliance was studied. Results: Sixteen patients were treated according to the deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) protocol while 5 patients, excluded due to noncompliance, received their treatment without breath control. For the patients treated with DIBH protocol, maximum heart doses without breath control and DI phases were 3044 cGy and 1347 cGy, while mean heart doses were 348 cGy and 239 cGy, respectively. Median BHD and BHM displacements were 0.2 cm (0– 0.86 cm) and 0.07 cm (0–0.31 cm), respectively. BHD differences were <0.4 cm in all but 2 patients. Treatment time did not affect patient compliance. Conclusions: DI phase was successful in reducing heart dose and 76.2% of the patients were eligible for DIBH. Treatment during moderate DI phase can be used for selected left-sided breast carcinoma patients and CAM could monitor safe execution.
Towards a dynamic view of genetic networks: A Kalman filtering framework for recovering temporally-rewiring stable networks from undersampled data

Jehandad Khan INFERENCE AND ANALYSIS OF TIME VARYING NETWORKS 2014/06 Nidhal Bouaynaya, Ph.D. Master of Science in Electrical & Computer Engineering It is widely accepted that cellular requirements and environmental conditions dictate the architecture of genetic regulatory networks. Nonetheless, the status quo in regulatory network modeling and analysis assumes an invariant network topology over time. We refocus on a dynamic perspective of genetic networks, one that can uncover substantial topological changes in network structure during biological processes such as developmental growth and cancer progression. We propose a novel outlook on the inference of time-varying genetic networks, from a limited number of noisy observations, by formulating the networks estimation as a target tracking problem. Assuming linear dynamics, we formulate a constrained Kalman filtering framework, which recursively computes the minimum mean-square, sparse and stable estimate of the network connectivity at each time point. The sparsity constraint is enforced using the weighted l1-norm; and the stability constraint is incorporated using the Lyapounov stability condition. The proposed constrained Kalman filter is formulated to preserve the convex nature of the problem. The algorithm is applied to estimate the time-varying networks during the life cycle of the Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly).
Defense against Black Hole Attacks on AODV Routing Protocol Using Fuzzy Logic

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are suitable option in many cases due to its simplicity and speed of deployment. However, MANETs are vulnerable against various types of security threats because of their dynamic topology and absence of a fixed infrastructure. Especially, the wide employment of this network in military and commercial applications makes its security more important. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to design secure and robust routing protocol
A Secure Technique for Data Compression and Supercompression using Frequency Dependent Chaos

A Chaos based compression technique offering high capacity and high security simultaneously is designed and implemented. A chaotic image, obtained by reshaping the signal representing a frequency dependant driven chaotic system is used as the data carrier in which data from the file to be compressed is embedded. Implementation of the algorithm is carried out in MATLAB and Python platforms for various filetypes such as txt, png, pdf, mp3, 3gp and rar formats. A comparative performance analysis reveals a high fidelity with a mean square errors of less than 0.0009 percent as well as a relatively high compression ratio value of 5-6. A very high level of security leading to up to 60 percent of mean square error values even for 1 percent misalignment in the decryption process is observed. The execution times for the implementations are obtained reasonably at around 5 seconds. A new compression technique, termed ‘supercompression’ consisting of repeated application of the compression technique is proposed. A proof-of-concept implementation achieved extremely high compression ratios of around 40000. The extreme simplicity of implementation coupled with the twin advantages of high compression ratios and high security forms the highlight of the present work.
TESTING SPECIES PHYLOGENIES AND PHYLOGENETIC METHODS WITH CONGRUENCE

We assessed the utility of congruence and multiple data sets to test species relationships and the accuracy of phylogenetic methods. The ongoing controversy about whether to combine data sets for phylogenetic analysis was evaluated against the naturalness of different types of data (as com­ monly recognized by systematists) and character independence. We defend the recommendation that independent data sets (defined in terms of process partitions; sensu Bull et aI., 1993, Syst. BioI. 42:384-397) should rarely be combined but should be kept separate for phylogenetic analysis because their independence increases the significance of corroboration. Trees of natural taxa, well supported by many independent lines of evidence, should be used in the same way as the known phylogenies of simulations and of certain laboratory and domesticated groups, i.e., as standards for evaluating the accuracy of different phylogenetic methods. Although compromised by their imperfect reliabilities, such tests using well-supported trees of wild taxa provide important reality checks on the conclusions of the other two approaches by encompassing more of the complexity and diversity of natural systems and their evolutionary processes. In this way, a combination of testing with the well-supported trees of natural groups, with simulations, and with those laboratory and domesticated taxa with known phylogenies is most likely to prove effective in establishing the strengths, weaknesses, and assump­ tions of different phylogenetic methods. (Accuracy; taxonomic congruence; character congruence; process partitions; character independence; well-supported trees; phylogenetic methods.)
Normsetzung in politischen Marktarenen. (Sub-)politische Steuerung durch oeffentliche Aushandlungsprozesse (Setting Norms in Political Market Arenas)

Marktarenen sind wesentliche Orte der subpolitischen Konfliktaustragung um die Durchsetzung universaler, menschenrechtlicher Normen auf transnationaler Ebene geworden. Der Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit Aushandlungsprozesse zwischen Unternehmen und unternehmenskritischen Kampagnen zur Etablierung und Durchsetzung entsprechender Normen beitragen koennen. (Conflicts on the implementation and feasibility of transnational social and political norms are not only carried out in the realm of institutionalized politics. As corporate activities are no longer regarded as politically neutral, corporations or entire industries have become targets of public demands and political protest. The article analyzes conflicts between corporations and political consumers with a special focus on so-called anti-corporate campaigns. Are public pressure and corporate need for public legitimation able to foster human rights? What role does strategic communication play for governing political market arenas? )
A DÁDIVA DO CUIDADO: ESTUDO QUALITATIVO SOBRE O CUI DADO INTERGERACIONAL COM O IDOSO

RESUMO O presente estudo consiste de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem etnográfica. Com o aporte teórico da Teoria da Dádiva de Marcel Mauss, o estudo teve como objetivo descrever e interpretar a circulação de bens simbólicos entre idosos e seus familiares cuidadores. Foram sujeitos deste estudo dez idosos e os dez respectivos cuidadores de outras gerações. A coleta de dados ocorreu em diferentes cenários, com a utilização da observação participante e de entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. A reciprocidade foi o tema central, e emergiu nas falas, nos comportamentos e nas atitudes como estruturante do cuidado. Foi observado que o significado atribuído ao cuidado e sua prática diferenciou-se em alguns contextos, nos quais ficou evidente que estes são condicionados pelos valores socioculturais transmitidos entre as gerações. Assim, o cuidado com o idoso depende de situações anteriores de cuidado e da importância da manutenção dos vínculos familiares. É possível afirmar que o cuidado é a dádiva que circula entre as gerações – um presente que atualiza e fortalece os vínculos.
Does a Picture Paint a Thousand Words? Evidence from a Microcredit Marketing Experiment

Female entrepreneurship is low in many developing economies partly because of constraints on women's time and mobility, which are often reinforced by social norms. This paper analyzes a marketing experiment designed to encourage women to adopt a new microcredit product. A brochure with the same content but two different covers was randomly distributed among male and female borrowing groups. One cover featured five businesses run by men, while the other showed identical businesses run by women. Men and women responded to psychological cues. Among men who were not business owners, had lower measured ability and whose wives were less educated, the responses to the female brochure were more negative, as did female business owners with low autonomy within the household. Women with relatively high levels of autonomy had a similar negative response to the male brochure, while there was no effect on female business owners with autonomy. Overall, these results suggest that women's response to psychological cues, such as positive role models, may be affected by their level of autonomy at home, and more intensive interventions may be required for more disadvantaged women.
Physician Shortage in Canada: A Review of Contributing Factors

The physician shortage in Canada is multifactorial. It is important to identify potential factors and policies contributing to the problem. An extensive literature review to retrieve primary source articles was performed using the PubMed database. Other sources of information included reports identified using the websites of organizations, associations, government bodies and Google scholar, as well as additional primary source articles identified using reference lists of retrieved articles and reports. Healthcare policy changes in the 1990’s limited the growth of physician supply through the reduction of medical school enrolment, restrictions on recruitment of international medical graduates into the workforce, redistribution of family physician and specialist mix and loss of physicians to the US. Inadequate supply of primary care physicians is reflected in the low interest among medical students in a family medicine career and the shortage of physicians in rural areas. Reduction of physician productivity is characterized by an aging physician population, greater proportion of women in the workforce and the reduction of direct patient care hours among the new generation of physicians. The problem is further exacerbated by inefficiencies in healthcare expenditures, judging from high healthcare spending and low physician-to-population ratio. An understanding of factors contributing to the physician shortage is essential in order to develop successful strategies to alleviate inadequate physician supply.
Vertical scaling of temperature, wind and humidity fluctuations: dropsondes from 13 km to the surface of the Pacific Ocean

Observational data were taken in the ‘vertical’ structure at 2 Hz from research dropsondes for temperature, wind speed and relative humidity during the ∼800 s it takes to reach the surface from the ∼13 km altitude of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Gulfstream 4SP aircraft. The observations were made mainly through the depth of the troposphere above the eastern Pacific Ocean from 15° N to 43° N (dropsondes) and 60° N (aircraft) in 2004. Grand averages of some key figures and of probability distribution functions (PDFs) were formed by compounding the data from the Winter Storms Projects 2004, 2005 and 2006, comprising 246, 324 and 315 (some dropped up to 60° N) useable sondes, respectively. This sizeable data set was used to representatively characterize the statistical fluctuations in the ‘vertical’ structure from 13 km to the surface. The fluctuations are resolved at 5–10 m altitude, so covering up to 3 orders of magnitude of typical tropospheric weighting functions for passive remote sounders. Average ‘vertical’ statistical, multifractal, scaling exponents H, C 1 and α of temperature, wind speed and humidity fluctuations observed at high resolution were computed and are available as potential generators of representative, scale-invariant summaries of the vertical structure of the marine troposphere, for use in design and retrieval of remotely sounded observations.
Valorisation of knowledge: preliminary results on valorisation paths andobstacles in bringing university knowledge to market

The current paper is concerned with exploring the outcomes of valorisation of technology focused research projects in the Netherlands. Drawing on an evaluation of 240 projects at universities in three cities and on in-depth knowledge of almost 50 projects, the paper explores to what extent technology inventions are brought to market and which factors hamper such development. An evaluation after 10 years indicates that a quarter of the projects could be brought to market and that in almost 30% of the projects research is still continuing. Looking back to factors hampering knowledge valorisation, it appears that shortage in the organizational situation at the university at that time is the most important factor. Problems in interaction with the business world are in second place The most important regional factor appears a shortage of financial incentives including easy access to (regional) venture capital. The implications of the results for policymaking and further research are discussed.
Reaction rate in an evanescent random walkers system

Diffusion mediated reaction models are particularly ubiquitous in the description of physical, chemical or biological processes. The random walk schema is a useful tool for formulating these models. Recently, evanescent random walk models have received attention in order to include finite lifetime processes. For instance, activated chemical reactions, such as laser photolysis, exhibit a different asymptotic limit when compared with immortal walker models. A diffusion limited reaction model based on a one dimensional continuous time random walk on a lattice with evanescent walkers is presented here. The absorption probability density and the reaction rate are analytically calculated in the Laplace domain. A finite absorption rate is considered, a model usually referred to as imperfect trapping. Short and long time behaviors are analyzed. Received: 20 Novembre 2014, Accepted: 20 March 2015; Edited by: C. A. Condat, G. J. Sibona; DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4279/PIP.070003 Cite as: M A Re, N C Bustos, Papers in Physics 7, 070003 (2015) This paper, by Miguel A. Re, Natalia C. Bustos , is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 .
Educational, Economical and Societal Impacts of E-learning

E-learning is the use of technology in learning. It involves the students to understand concepts rather than cram. eLearning also called educational technology can occur in or out of theclass. Educational technology is used by learners and educators in homes, schools, higher education, business and other settings. It can be used along with face to face learning. Technologies used in it offer learners control over content, learning order, speed of learning, media and time. eLearningis effecting education ,economics, society and many more. In the present paper I will discuss different eLearning Technologies and its impacts on education (students and teaching ),economy and society.
Investigate of Linear Response of Vehicle Arm Based on Artificial Intelligence Technique

Neural networks have emerged as a field of study within artificial intelligent AI and engineering via the collaborative efforts of engineers, physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists, and neuroscientists. This study deals with intelligent technique's modeling for a linear response of suspension arm. The finite element analysis and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) technique is used to predict the response of suspension arm. The neural network model has three inputs representing the load, mesh size and material while three output representing the maximum principal stress, Von Mises and Tresca. Regression analysis between finite element results and values predicted by the neural network model was made, and RBFNN proposed approach was found to be highly effective with least error in identification of stress of suspension arm. Simulated results show that RBF can be very successively used for reduction of the effort and time required to predict the stress response of suspension arm as FE methods usually deal with only a single problem for each run.
Mechanisms of social learning across species boundaries

Social learning involves the acquisition of information from other individuals and is a behavioural strategy found in a wide range of taxa from insects to humans. Traditionally, research in this field has concentrated on learning from members of the same species; however, there is increasing evidence for social learning across species boundaries. Owing to the ecological overlap of many species, it makes sense that such heterospecific social learning is common, and in some cases, information from another species may be more profitable than that provided by members of the same species. Here, we review the existing literature about learning from individuals of different species. We discuss the cognitive mechanisms underlying this form of information gathering and highlight the importance of past experience and innate predispositions in the formation of interspecific learning events. In many cases, seemingly complex forms of ‘copying’ from members of other species can be explained by relatively simple forms of conditioning.