Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Viral Marketing an effective and reliable method of advertising and branding? A perspective of Gen- Y of India

The world of marketing has been revolutionized in recent times. So many new methods of marketing are being experimented with. Marketing is imperative for any business and the world today focuses on gaining more attention from the customers, where people are rigorously trying to find out effective and cost saving techniques of reaching out to the customers. Viral Marketing is also one such technique which is gaining popularity these days. Viral Marketing if done effectively is a cheap and fast means of marketing. Primarily it works on the principle of “Electronic Word of Mouth”. Viral marketing is still in its nascent stage and has a huge potential if researched extensively. There is a high uncertainty and unpredictability about a marketing campaign going viral. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore if viral marketing can really help in effective advertising and branding, and what are the elements that are essential for making a content go exponentially popular on internet. The study is specifically focussed on the perception of Gen-Y i.e., people born between 1977 to 1994, as this population segment has the most active internet users. With the use of a structured questionnaire conducted with 128 respondents within India, we analysed their responses and perspectives on viral marketing in order to develop a deeper understanding about this topic. This study has generated many new insights in the area of viral marketing, especially about the most important elements that enable an ad campaign to go viral. This study might help the marketers to come up with better campaigns which would have more possibility to become successful in terms of their reach to the consumers.
Web Home Page Complexity and Communication Effectiveness

To date, little research has been conducted to explore how consumers perceive and use the Web as an advertising medium. Although numerous guidelines for Web home page design exist, the vast majority of advice is based on opinion, personal experience or observation, not necessarily on empirical evidence. A combination of research methods (focus groups, interviews, and experiments) is used to identify design elements that influence consumers perceptions of Web page complexity. The study reports that perceived complexity is a result of four major factors: number of links, number of graphics, home page length, and
Genome-Wide Association Study in Thai Tsunami Survivors Identified Risk Alleles for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder found in individuals afflicted by a traumatic event. Multiple environmental and genetic factors can contribute to PTSD susceptibility. Since it is rare to find members of the same family afflicted by the same catastrophic event, it is not practical to determine PTSD susceptibility genes by a gene linkage analysis. A natural disaster, such as the 2004 Tsunami, provided us with a rare chance for a genetic analysis of PTSD. To identify SNPs associated with PTSD susceptibility, we conducted a genome-association study (GWAS) in Thai-Tsunami survivors. Initial phase of the study with 396 chronic PTSD patients and 457 controls, we identified top ninety SNPs (P < 1 × 10-4), which were further assessed in the second phase with 395 chronic PTSD patients and 798 controls. Two SNPs (rs267950 and rs954406), were identified in the second phase, and subjected to fine mapping using a data set from both phases. SNP rs267943 showed the strongest association with PTSD susceptibility and was in complete linkage disequilibrium with SNP rs267950 with P = 6.15 × 10-8, OR = 1.46 and 95% CI = 1.19 - 1.79, reaching genome-wide significance. SNP rs267943 is located on chromosome 5 in the intron of the death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) gene and, when linked to a synthetic promoter, could regulate transcription. To our knowledge, this is the first GWAS for PTSD susceptibility in an Asian population which could provide an important insight into the genetic contribution of PTSD and may lead to new treatment strategies for PTSD.
Tidal Channels of Skagit Bay: Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamics and Morphodynamic Evolution

Abstract : To measure and model the dynamics of currents, waves, and sediment transport over tidal flats, with particular emphasis on interactions between water flows and bathymetry. To improve insight and predictive capabilities through model-data comparisons. 1. To measure water flows and bathymetric evolution within and around the tidal channels of Skagit Bay. 2. To explain and model observed flow patterns. 3. To explain the observed interactions between hydrodynamics and bathymetric evolution.
Inhibition of Catecholamine Secretion from Adrenal Medulla Cells by Neurotoxins and Cholinergic Antagonists

Abstract: The effects of several neurotoxins and cholinergic antagonists on the nicotine‐induced secretion of catecholamines by adrenal medulla cells in culture were investigated. Aconitine, veratridine, and batrachotoxin, in the presence of 1 μm‐tetrodotoxin inhibited the nicotine‐stimulated secretion of catecholamines in a dose‐dependent manner in Locke's solution. In Na+‐free sucrose medium, tetrodotoxin was not required to inhibit the stimulatory effects of aconitine, veratridine, and batrachotoxin, and these agents by themselves inhibited the nicotine‐stimulated secretion of catecholamines. Scorpion venom, which also increases the flux of Na+ through tetrodotoxin‐sensitive channels, was not an effective inhibitor of nicotine‐stimulated secretion. Histrionicotoxin, atropine, hexamethonium, and decamethoniun–as well as the Na+‐channel activators–noncompetitively inhibit nicotine‐stimulated secretion. The effects of these agents on nicotine‐stimulated secretion appear similar to their effects on the inhibition of depolarization at the neuromuscular junction. Reversibility studies suggest that the stimulatory and inhibitory sites of the neurotoxins are different, while studies in Na+‐free media suggest that tetrodotoxin‐insensitive sodium channels are not involved in the inhibitory effect of the neurotoxins. A possible site of action for the inhibitory effects of the neurotoxins. A possible site of action for the inhibitory effects of the neurotoxins is the nicotinic‐receptor‐associated ion channel.
Orbital-dependent representation of the correlation energy functional: Properties of second-order Kohn–Sham perturbation expansion

Exchange-correlation energy functionals depending on the Kohn-Sham (KS) orbitals and eigenvalues promise to resolve some of the most pressing deficiencies of the local density and generalized gradient approximations. Such functionals can be derived in first-principles fashion by use of standard many-body techniques, using the KS single-particle Hamiltonian as noninteracting reference Hamiltonian. In this way, one can establish an exact relation for the exchange-correlation functional, which provides several options for the derivation and treatment of approximate functionals. Straightforward expansion in powers of the electron- electron coupling constant gives, to first order, the exact exchange of density functional theory (DFT) and, to second order, the simplest first-principles correlation functional. The properties of this second- order correlation functional are reviewed in detail. It is demonstrated that this functional reproduces both the shell structure in the exact correlation potential and dispersion effects. In response to the variational instability of the functional, observed for the Be atom, a simple and computationally efficient extension is suggested and is shown to be quite accurate for the atomic systems considered so far. © 2006 Wiley
N-butanol fraction of Entada phaseoloides ethanol extract inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis.

PURPOSE To screen for substances with inhibitory effects on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cell line from extracts of traditional Chinese medicinal plants including Heliciopsis lobata (Merr.) Sleum, Bidens pilosa, Entada phaseoloides, Plantago major, and Smilax, and unveil their mechanism of action. METHODS 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess the inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation by plant extracts. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst 33342 staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔCgr;m) dissipation was measured using JC-1 probe by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Heliciopsis lobata, Bidens, Plantago, and Smilax extracts showed reduced inhibitory effects on HepG2 cell proliferation compared with Entada phaseoloides (all p<0.05). The n-butanol fraction of Entada phaseoloides ethanol extract exhibited the highest inhibition rate. Treatment of HepG2 cells with 500, 250, and 100 μg/ml n-butanol extract resulted in 89.92±0.58%, IC50 81.66±0.42%, 68.85±0.57% decrease in cell viability, respectively, indicating an IC50 of 9.27 μg/ml. In the presence of 100 μg/ml entada phaseoloides n-butanol extract for 24h, apoptotic nuclei and hyperchromatic, dense fluorescent massive granules were observed in the cytoplasm, effects that increased with extract concentrations in HepG2 cells. Finally, we showed that Entada phaseoloides n-butanol extract induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Entada phaseoloides n-butanol extract inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis likely through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This extract is therefore a potential natural source towards the discovery for a new drug-candidate for the treatment of HCC.
The schistosome egg: development and secretions

We have investigated the development of the schistosome egg and its secretions in order to understand how it migrates through gut tissues and also initiates pathology in the liver. We show by electron microscopy that the subshell envelope is absent in the newly deposited egg, but appears very early and differentiates as development progresses. In the mature egg, this nucleated envelope contains extensive endoplasmic reticulum, suggestive of a protein synthetic capacity. Furthermore, Reynolds' layer only appears between the envelope and the egg-shell in the mature egg and may represent its accumulated secretions. We have biosynthetically labelled and collected the secretions (ESP) released by mature but not immature eggs during culture. Their fractionation by SDS–PAGE reveals a simple pattern of 6 bands, differing markedly in composition from soluble egg antigen preparations. Electrophoresis in casein substrate gels demonstrates the presence of 2 distinct proteases in the egg secretions. By immunocytochemistry, ESP localized predominantly to the envelope of the mature egg, suggesting that this layer rather than the miracidium is the source of egg secretions.
JMeter-based aging simulation of computing system

In order to study the laws of the decline performance and determine the main reason of performance degradation, we use simulation methods to build simulation environment of the recession computing systems. Considering the impact of various unexpected factors, in this paper we use the JMeter-based distributed test structure and point-to-point test structure, combining with self-developed system resources monitor to set up a computing system simulation environment, reproducing the process of recession, and ultimately identifying the possible anti-granularity. In experiment we periodically send load through controlling the client. And we restart different application services by controlling the server-side respectively. We analyze the data of system resources that is obtained by these two different experimental programs, and then identifying the main reason that leads to the decline of performance is memory loss. At last, through the release conditions of different applications of the system resources, we conclude that major application service that leads to computing systems memory loss is the Tomcat server. The experimental results can provide data support for developing an appropriate performance evaluation indicators and fine-grained software rejuvenation strategy.
Conserved charges for even dimensional asymptotically AdS gravity theories

Mass and other conserved Noether charges are discussed for solutions of gravity theories with locally anti-de Sitter (AdS) asymptotics in 2n dimensions. The action is supplemented with a boundary term whose purpose is to guarantee that it reaches an extremum on the classical solutions, provided the space-time is locally AdS space-time at the boundary. It is also shown that if space-time is locally AdS at spatial infinity, the conserved charges are finite and properly normalized without requiring subtraction of a reference background. In this approach, Noether charges associated with Lorentz and diffeomorphism invariance vanish identically for constant curvature space-times. The case of a zero cosmological constant is obtained as a limit of AdS space-time, where Λ plays the role of a regulator. ©2000 The American Physical Society.
Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii DNA in clinical specimens by using polymerase chain reaction technology

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure for detecting rickettsial DNA was developed and shown to be specific for Rickettsia rickettsii and R. conorii, the etiologic agents of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and Boutonneuse fever, respectively. Blood clots were obtained from nine confirmed RMSF patients and six controls and analyzed for the presence of rickettsial DNA by the PCR method. A defined region of the rickettsial genome was successfully amplified from seven of the nine clinical specimens tested; all six control specimens gave negative results. These findings indicate that R. rickettsii can be detected early after the onset of RMSF, possibly facilitating the decision regarding appropriate antibiotic therapy for some patients. Further refinement of PCR technology could make this procedure a mainstay in the clinical laboratory.
Strong-field control and spectroscopy of attosecond electron-hole dynamics in molecules

Molecular structures, dynamics and chemical properties are determined by shared electrons in valence shells. We show how one can selectively remove a valence electron from either Π vs. Σ or bonding vs. nonbonding orbital by applying an intense infrared laser field to an ensemble of aligned molecules. In molecules, such ionization often induces multielectron dynamics on the attosecond time scale. Ionizing laser field also allows one to record and reconstruct these dynamics with attosecond temporal and sub-Ångstrom spatial resolution. Reconstruction relies on monitoring and controlling high-frequency emission produced when the liberated electron recombines with the valence shell hole created by ionization.
THE INDUCTION OF THE OPTIC FLOW MOTION AFTEREFFECT IN THE CENTRAL VERSUS PERIPHERAL VISUAL FIELD By LISA MARIE TRIPP A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY

by Lisa Marie Tripp, M.S. Washington State University December 2009 Chair: Robert Patterson One remarkable phenomenon reported in the literature on motion perception is called the motion aftereffect (MAE), which refers to the illusion of motion in a given direction following adaptation to real motion in the opposite direction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the induction of the MAE using an optic flow motion stimulus, which was created from simulated self-movement through a real-world perspective scene. Specifically, the effect of adaptation using the central versus peripheral visual field on the duration of the optic flow MAE was investigated. In doing so, the areas of the central versus peripheral adapting stimulus were equated by scaling for cortical magnification. Results showed that the duration of the MAE was shorter when the adapting optic flow motion was presented in the peripheral visual field than when it was presented centrally. These results were interpreted as reflecting a more transient response in the automatic gain control mechanisms in the motion pathways projecting from the peripheral retina.
FORMATION AND TURNOVER OF MYELIN GANGLIOSIDE *

—In young adult rats, the formation and turnover of GM1‐ganglioside in myelin were compared with the formation and turnover of GM1‐ganglioside in whole brain and of total lipids in whole brain and myelin, after injection of d‐[1‐14C]glucosamine. During the first 24 hr after injection, the specific activity of GM1‐ganglioside in myelin was less than 25 per cent of that of GM1‐ganglioside in whole brain. The specific activity of ganglioside in whole brain was maximal at 24 hr and then declined steadily during the next 3 months, whereas the specific activity of GM1‐ganglioside in myelin continued to increase and did not reach a peak until about one month after injection, by which time its specific activity had increased five‐fold. Consequently, the specific activity of GM1‐ganglioside in myelin was 50 per cent higher than ganglioside in whole brain after one month. These differences in the formation and turnover of GM1‐ganglioside in myelin and of whole brain are similar to those of other lipids of myelin and of whole brain, indicating that the metabolic activity of myelin ganglioside is similar to myelin lipids, but differs from whole brain lipids or whole brain gangliosides. These data provide additional evidence that ganglioside in myelin is an intrinsic constituent of the myelin sheath. GT1 (G1), GD1b, (G2), GD1a (G3), GM1 (G4), GM2 (G5), GM3 (G6).
CO2-laser writing of long period fiber grating in photonic crystal fiber by frozen-in viscoelasticity

Long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) formed in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are of considerable interest because they can provide many new opportunities for optical and biochemical sensing. LPFGs can be fabricated in PCFs by intense CO2-laser radiation through deforming the fiber geometry [1] or changing the glass structure [2]. In this paper, we report a new, efficient way of writing LPFGs in PCFs, which is based on the generation of frozen-in inelastic tensile stresses in a tensioned PCF by CO2-laser heating. The mechanism, known as frozen-in viscoelasticity [3], can also improve the writing efficiency of LPFGs in conventional single-mode fibers [4].
Is age‐related macular degeneration a manifestation of systemic disease? New prospects for early intervention and treatment

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common vision‐threatening condition affecting the elderly. AMD shares common risk factors and processes, including vascular and inflammatory pathways, with many systemic disorders. Associations have been reported between AMD and hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, dyslipidaemia, chronic kidney disease and neurodegenerative disorders. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that individuals with AMD are also at risk of systemic diseases such as stroke. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence to support the notion that AMD is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease processes, and discuss the potential systemic side effects of ocular AMD therapy of which general physicians should be aware. Recent genetic discoveries and understanding of the pathogenic pathways in AMD in relation to systemic disorders are also highlighted.
Phase II Study of Belinostat (PXD101), a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, for Second Line Therapy of Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Background: Belinostat (PXD 101) is a novel inhibitor of class I and II histone deacetylases. This class of compounds has demonstrated anticancer activity in malignant mesothelioma. We conducted a phase II study of belinostat in patients with relapsed malignant pleural mesothelioma. Methods: Patients with advanced mesothelioma, progression with one prior chemotherapy regimen and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–2 were eligible. Belinostat was administered at 1000 mg/m2 intravenously over 30 minutes on days 1–5 of every 3 week cycle. The primary end point was response rate. The Simon two-stage design was used. Disease assessments were performed every two cycles. Results: Thirteen patients were enrolled. Baseline characteristics were: median age of 73 years; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 (n = 4), 1 (8) and 2 (1). A median of two cycles of therapy were administered. Disease stabilization was seen in two patients. No objective responses were noted and the study did not meet criteria to proceed to the second stage of accrual. Median survival was 5 months with a median progression-free survival of 1 month. Salient toxicities included nausea, emesis, fatigue, and constipation. One patient died as a consequence of cardiac arrhythmia which was deemed ‘possibly’ related to therapy. Conclusions: Belinostat is not active as monotherapy against recurrent malignant pleural mesothelioma. Evaluation of combination strategies or alternate dosing schedules may be necessary for further development of this novel agent in mesothelioma.
Activation of myelin reactive T cells in multiple sclerosis: A possible role for T cell degeneracy?

While it is widely accepted that myelin reactive T cells are key players in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), the initial triggers that turn on these self‐reactive T‐cells remain to be determined. One mechanism, which is already text book knowledge for a decade, is molecular mimicry by which viral or microbial antigens are able to cross‐activate T cells specific for myelin epitopes, the major target in MS pathology. Although proof of concept for this principle was given in animal model studies, evidence for such a mechanism in MS is limited. In this issue, Zhang et al. demonstrate an increased frequency of T cells that cross‐react with a wide variety of antigens, a phenomenon termed as T cell degeneracy. While the role of these degenerate T cells in MS remains to be determined the authors now provide new elegant tools to study this T cell population, thus providing a starting point to better understand their function in MS.
Protective role of antimannan and anti-aspartyl proteinase antibodies in an experimental model of Candida albicans vaginitis in rats

The role of antibodies (Abs) in the resistance to vaginal infection by Candida albicans was investigated by using a rat vaginitis model. Animals receiving antimannoprotein (anti-MP) and anti-aspartyl proteinase (Sap) Ab-containing vaginal fluids from rats clearing a primary C. albicans infection showed a highly significant level of protection against vaginitis compared to animals given Ab-free vaginal fluid from noninfected rats. Preabsorption of the Ab-containing fluids with either one or both proteins MP and Sap sequentially reduced or abolished, respectively, the level of protection. A degree of protection against vaginitis was also conferred by postinfectious administration of anti-Sap and anti-MP monoclonal antibodies (provided the latter were directed against mannan rather than protein epitopes of MP) and by intravaginal immunization with a highly purified, polysaccharide-free Sap preparation. Postinfectious administration of pepstatin A, a potent Sap inhibitor, greatly accelerated the clearance of C. albicans from rat vagina. No anti-MP or anti-Sap Abs were elicited during a C. albicans vaginal infection of congenitally athymic nude rats. Although they were as able as their euthymic counterparts to clear the primary infection, these animals did not show increased resistance to a rechallenge, demonstrating that induction of anticandidal protection in normal rats was a thymus-dependent Ab response. Overall, our data strengthen the concept that Abs against some defined Candida antigens are relevant in the mechanism of acquired anticandidal protection in vaginitis. The T-cell dependence of this protection may also provide a link between cell-mediated and humoral immunity in vaginal infection.