Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Harsh conditions during early development influence telomere length in an altricial passerine: Links with oxidative stress and corticosteroids

Stress during early development can induce substantial long‐term effects in organisms. In the case of birds, despite growth compensations, nestlings reared under harsh conditions typically show reduced survival chances in adulthood. It has been proposed that environmental early‐life stressors could affect longevity via effects on telomere length, possibly mediated through oxidative stress. However, the link between these processes is not clear. In this study, we experimentally manipulated brood size in spotless starlings (Sturnus unicolor) to test the causal relationship between early stress, oxidative and corticosterone‐mediated stress and telomere shortening. Our results show that experimentally enlarged brood sizes led to a reduction in morphometric development on nestlings, the effect being stronger for females than males. Additionally, basal corticosterone levels increased with increasing brood size in female nestlings. Neither plasma antioxidant status nor malondialdehyde levels (a marker of lipid peroxidation) were affected by experimental brood size, although the levels of a key intracellular antioxidant (glutathione) decreased with increasing brood size. We found that the treatment showed a quadratic effect on nestling telomere lengths: these were shortened either by increases or by decreases in the original brood size. Our study provides experimental evidence for a link between developmental stress and telomere length, but does not support a direct causal link of this reduction with corticosterone or oxidative stress. We suggest that future studies should focus on how telomere length responds to additional markers of allostatic load.
Programación creativa: pensamiento computacional y constructivismo desde contextos interculturales

This article will talk about two experiences of the use of programming languages in educational environments, for the promotion of intercultural contexts. The first one, called Wawakipu, is an educational program for children to 8 to 12 years old, based on Scratch, which seeks to “awaken computer thinking” through the development of video games, based on indigenous stories and myths. The second case is another educational program for a university audience called “Tejidos Automatas”, which seeks to generate reflections on the complexity of social processes in relation to code present in indigenous weaves, expressed through p5 . js, a programming language for interactive art.
Modell für eine Lehrerevaluation zum Einsatz eines körper- und raum-bezogenen Miteinander-Lernspiels

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie eine Lehrerevaluation gestaltet sein sollte, die Aufschlüsse über Widersprüche gibt, die seitens der Lehrkräfte möglicherweise entstehen, wenn neuartige körperund raumbezogene Miteinander-Lernspiele mit neuen didaktischen Konzepten für die Schule entwickelt und dort für den Regelunterricht mit seinen gelebten pädagogischen Ansätzen bereitgestellt werden. Auf Grundlage einer Vorstudie mit zwei Lehrkräften in einer Grundschule wird ein neuartiges Evaluationsdesign vorgestellt, dass auf einer halbstrukturierten Befragung auf Basis der kulturhistorischen Tätigkeitstheorie (CHAT) beruht und mittels des System Usability Scale (SUS) und des Affinity for Technology Scale (ATI-Scale) angereichert ist. Zwar können die ersten Ergebnisse noch keine signifikanten Ergebnisse liefern, jedoch helfen sie herauszufinden, ob das Evaluationsdesign grundsätzlich geeignet ist, die Hypothesen zu validieren. Die vorhandenen und im Beitrag dargestellten Ergebnisse dienen der Konzeption einer quantitativen Evaluation mit einer größeren Anzahl an Lehrkräften, der Erweiterung der Forschungsfrage sowie dem Optimieren der Befragungen.
Detection of Endotoxins and Bacterial Agents in Collected Blood Bags and their Recipients

Bacterial contamination of blood and its cellular components remains an unresolved problem in transfusion medicine, and is considered to be the most common microbiological cause of transfusion associated morbidity and mortality. This is because contaminated units may contain large numbers of virulent bacteria as well as, endotoxins that are considered to be fatal to the recipients. Endotoxins are high-molecular weight complexes of lipopolysaccharides that constitute the major cell wall component in all Gram-negative bacterial families. These molecules have been intensively investigated because of the increasing appreciation of their potentially pathogenic role in a wide variety of human disease states. The present study aimed to detect endotoxins and bacterial agents in collected blood bags and their transmission to the recipients of these blood bags. The study involved 100 randomly selected blood bags and their recipients. They were all examined by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay using gel clot method for detection of endotoxins and by blood culture for the detection of bacterial agents. Endotoxins were detected in five blood bags (5%) using LAL assay (gel clot method), while bacterial contamination was found in only one blood bag . The bag that gave positive blood culture yielded Staphylococcus aureus, which was mostly a skin associated organism and was considered as a contaminant related to the procedure during donor venipuncture. None of the 100 studied recipients of these blood bags revealed positive blood culture. It was concluded from this study that LAL assay is a rapid, easy to perform, and a highly sensitive test that can detect as little as 0.03 endotoxin units per ml using the gel-clot method. In addition not all endotoxins or bacterial agents could be transmitted to the recipients of blood bags, this depends on their volume and whether the recipient is on antibiotic therapy or not.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran ARIAS ditinjau dari Sikap Ilmiah: Dampak terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Fluida Statis

Peneliti melaporkan hasil penelitian terkait efektivitas penggunaan model pembelajaran dalam memudahkan memahami konsep materi fisika. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah model pembelajaran ARIAS, ditinjau dari sikap ilmiah siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperiment . Post-test only control group design dengan teknik purposive sampling . Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode tes untuk mendapatkan data pemahaman konsep, sedangkan metode angket untuk mendapatkan informasi sikap ilmiah. Uji hipotesis penelitian menggunakan anava dua jalan. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1). Model pembelajaran ARIAS lebih efektif daripada model pembelajaran konvensional terhadap pemahaman konsep fisika siswa; (2). Sikap ilmiah siswa berpengaruh terhadap pemahaman konsep fisika siswa; (3). Tidak terdapat interaksi antara penerapan model pembelajaran ARIAS dan konvensional, ditinjau dari sikap ilmiah terhadap pemahaman konsep fisika siswa. The Effectiveness of The Arias Learning Model In Terms of Scientific Attitudes: The Impact on Understanding The Concept of Static Fluids The researcher reports the research result toward of how students understand on physics learning concept material efficiently. A research method that used is Quasi-experiment, by using post-test only control group design with purposive sampling technique. Data collecting technique uses test method to achieve data concept understanding, meanwhile, questionnaire method to achieve scientific character information. Hypothesis testing of the research uses two ways analysis of variance. The conclusion of the research are; (1). ARIAS learning model is more efficient than conventional learning model toward students understanding on physics concept; (2). The scientific attitude of students influencing on students physics concept understanding; (3). There is no interaction between ARIAS learning model application and conventional learning model, as seen on students scientific attitude toward physics concept understanding.
Radicalisation and mental health*

Abstract Background: Although radicalisation is invoked to explain how people become terrorists, there is little empirical evidence. Aims: To set out the approaches to understand radicalisation, ethical and definitional issues, and how public health approaches may help. Methods: A non-systematic narrative review. Results: Radicalisation is proposed to explain how people become terrorists. Factors such as social connections, political engagement, group belonging, mental illnesses and other social and cultural influence show a complex interplay that we are still trying to understand. Common mental illnesses appear to be a risk factor at a population level for developing extremist beliefs, and psychoses and autism are reported as more common amongst some terrorist offenders. The activation of stereotypical and reactive fears and fantasies may distort our understanding of how to prevent radicalisation and terrorism. Conclusions: A public health framework offers a societal, inclusive, and positive approach to preventing radicalisation, alongside criminal justice actions.
Consequences of natal dispersal in female horses

Abstract Social, genetic and reproductive consequences of natal dispersal were investigated in female horses,Equus caballus, living in a herd with a natural social structure. Dispersal did not as a rule reduce the level of competition the young mares faced: they did not selectively join groups with fewer resident females than the groups they left, and they did not attain higher ranks; there was also no tendency for females to disperse to groups with the fewest resident females, and they suffered more aggression from the mares in their new groups than in their natal groups. These results therefore do not support the hypothesis that a function of natal dispersal is to reduce intra-sexual competition. The young mares nevertheless dispersed non-randomly, generally joining harems with one stallion and at least two subadult females; and they preferred to move to groups with familiar females but no familiar males. As a result, most were closely related to some females of their new groups, but distantly related or unrelated to the male(s). Since after dispersal the young mares bred only with a male of their new groups, inbreeding coefficients of most (85%) of their offspring were lower than from matings between half siblings. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a function of natal dispersal is to avoid close inbreeding. Dispersal did not appear to involve reproductive costs: the young mares suffered no delay in age at first reproduction, and the survival rates of their first foals tended to be higher if the females had emigrated, although not significantly so.
The Assessment of the Prospects for the Creation of a Single Economic Site in the Territory of the Central Federal District in order to Develop Cluster Elements in the Field of Construction

The article describes the main approaches to the definition of clusters. The signs that form the clusters of the territory are clarified, this list is supplemented with the sign “intersectoral interaction”. The main methodical approaches to the calculation of clusters are also disclosed. In the research methods of the analysis, synthesis, grouping of data and also the cluster analysis were applied. The object of survey were the regions of the Central Federal District. Based on the calculation of localization coefficients, an analysis was made of the possibility of forming a construction cluster in the investigated district or the purpose of more efficient use of regional resources.
Geometría de ecuaciones diferenciales aplicada a la mecánica

SE REALIZA UN ESTUDIO GEOMETRICO DE LAS PROPIEDADES DE LAS ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES DE SEGUNDO ORDEN Y ORDEN SUPERIOR, EN PARTICULAR SE ESTUDIAN LAS SIMETRIAS DE DICHAS ECUACIONES Y LA CONEXION NO LINEAL ASOCIADA. SE APLICAN LOS RESULTADOS A LA MECANICA LAGRANGIANA.
Learning constraints and floral choice behaviour in bumble bees

Insects foraging on flowers tend to restrict their visits to a single species of plant while bypassing other equally rewarding species. This behaviour may result from perceptual limitations, the demands of energetic efficiency, or both. Perceptual limitations may be the product of underlying constraints on the processing of information by pollinators. Foraging simultaneously on several species can lower foraging efficiency through reduced ability to recognize the preferred species among others. This hypothesis was tested in laboratory experiments with bumble bees. Bumble bees learned to discriminate between one non-rewarding floral type and either one, two or three rewarding floral types that differed only in colour. Bees' learning rates were higher in experimental sessions with fewer numbers of rewarding floral types. The results suggest that when bees forage on an increasing number of floral types, their ability to discriminate between these and non-rewarding types is reduced considerably.
Learning from Intended Corrections

Our goal is to enable robots to learn cost functions from user guidance. Often it is difficult or impossible for users to provide full demonstrations, so corrections have emerged as an easier guidance channel. However, when robots learn cost functions from corrections rather than demonstrations, they have to extrapolate a small amount of information -- the change of a waypoint along the way -- to the rest of the trajectory. We cast this extrapolation problem as online function approximation, which exposes different ways in which the robot can interpret what trajectory the person intended, depending on the function space used for the approximation. Our simulation results and user study suggest that using function spaces with non-Euclidean norms can better capture what users intend, particularly if environments are not too cluttered. This, in turn, can lead to the robot learning a more accurate cost function and improves the user's subjective perceptions of the robot.
More-Than-Representational Knowledges of the Rural

Defining ‘rural’ is a task fraught with difficulties. As a concept, rurality has, in recent decades, often been represented as a social construction (Cloke, 2006). The rural thus becomes what Mormont calls a ‘category of thought that each society takes and reconstructs’ (1990, pp. 40–41). Representations of rurality have become sites where popular knowledges, or indeed lay discourses, have ‘very real material geographical and socio-political consequences’ (Halfacree, 2012, p. 390). At its very centre, representations of the rural as an attractive alluring space accord with ideas embodied in the term ‘rural idyll’. Cloke (2003, p. 2) terms this as a powerful ‘centripetal force’ that highlights the appeal of the rural in everyday discourses.
RENDIMIENTO EN MATEMÁTICAS Y LA CIENCIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN MATEMÁTICA: EVIDENCIA DE DIFERENTES NACIONES

What do preschool teachers do to teach mathematics? A study in chilean classrooms INTRODUCTION. Early math skills play an important role in the school performance of children, causing substantial differences in future learning gains. Specifically, the tasks proposed by preschool teachers have been shown to have had a differential impact on the development of children’s mathematical thinking. In this way, it is important to determine the type and extent of math tasks teachers employ, using a sample of preschoolers from Latin America, where these topics have been less studied. Consequently, this article explores the different math tasks ¿Qué hacen las educadoras de párvulos para enseñar matemáticas? Un estudio en salas chilenas Bordón 70 (3), 2018, 45-60, ISSN: 0210-5934, e-ISSN: 2340-6577 • 59 proposed by early childhood educators in Chilean preschool classrooms. METHOD. We analyzed 31 videos of Chilean preschool classrooms to identify the mathematical tasks implemented and the time invested in each. RESULTS. The results show that, in the observed classrooms, the educators favored numerical content tasks, such as number recognition and number-quantity correspondence, instead of those tasks that required the understanding of math processes. DISCUSSION. The results show that the mathematical tasks that were present in the observed preschool Chilean classrooms focused on mechanical and procedural work, tasks that hinder – to a certain extent – the development of more complex mathematical thinking.
Knowledge in Memory Evolutive Systems

The Memory Evolutive Systems (MES), introduced in a series of former papers, propose a mathematical model, based on Category theory, for open autonomous hierarchical systems such as biological, neural or social systems. Here the authors show that MES give a framework in which to study the formation, representation and interpretation of knowledge. In particular, they explain how the system can acquire pragmatic or conceptual knowledge though the coordinated action of a net of competitive internal patterns of agents, called coregulators (or CRs). This knowledge is not rigid, but is adapted to different situations subject to an appropriate choice of some parameters. Depending on its complexity level, a CR participates in an automatic or deliberate manner to the development of the collective distributed memory, relying on the partial information it collects at its own timescale on the system, its environment and the records of its past experiences. Higher CRs can classify records and develop more complex conceptual knowledge. Language (for men and social groups allows a system to interpret its own knowledge and intentionally diffuse it.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATTITUDE TO MATHEMATICS IN FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AS A DETERMINANT OF THEIR SELF-EFFICACY

Students of mathematics at the Faculty of Education have a different mathematical knowledge, ideas about the objectives of their future teaching career, skills, and attitudes to working with children, etc. Similarly, their relationship to mathematics is largely varied. We believe that the development of their relationship to mathematics at all levels of education prior to their enrolment in the Faculty of Education has a significant effect on the perception of their own self-efficacy and future educational activities. In line with the principles of self-efficacy, our assumption is that students with a positive attitude to mathematics tend to approach teaching as a challenge rather than a threat that needs to be avoided. This positive attitude to life helps future teachers develop intrinsic motivation for teaching mathematics; these teachers set stringent goals and constantly strive to achieve them. This assumption was the basis of a research study aimed at all students of Teaching for Primary School in mathematics seminars. The quantitative part comprised the Norwegian Teacher SelfEfficacy Scale (NTSES). This questionnaire includes a seven-point Likert scale and consists of 24 items that can be divided into six sub-categories: Instruction, Adapt Instruction to Individual Needs, Motivate Students, Maintain Discipline, Cooperate with Colleagues and Parents, Cope with Change. The questionnaire was then complemented with an analysis of seminar papers on Self-Reflection of the Relationship to Mathematics, in which the students were supposed to describe their attitude to mathematics since the first encounter until their contemporary study at the Faculty of Education.
MemoGinga: Jogo Interativo para TV Digital como Exercício Cognitivo para Idosos

A recente difusão dos jogos eletrônicos tem despertado o interesse de pesquisadores que investigam as relações entre o uso de jogos e o aumento do desempenho cognitivo humano. A partir desse interesse, o uso de jogos eletrõnicos para melhora das funções cognitivas de idosos tem sido cada vez mais explorado. No Brasil, o acesso à TV é muito comum e presente nos lares de todas as classes sociais. Desta forma, jogos eletrõnicos disponíveis através do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital tem potencial para atingir grande parte da população idosa no páıs. O presente artigo propõe e avalia o MemoGinga, um teste de memória recente, direcionado principalmente ao público idoso e implementado no middleware Ginga para TV digital interativa. MemoGinga foi avaliado com usuários idosos atendidos pelo CRASI - Centro de Referência em Assistênciaá Saúde do Idoso.
A Technical Survey on Optimization of Processing Geo Distributed Data

With growing cloud services and technology, there is growth in some geographically distributed data centers to store large amounts of data. Analysis of geo-distributed data is required in various services for data processing, storage of essential information, etc., processing this geo-distributed data and performing analytics on this data is a challenging task. The distributed data processing is accompanied by issues in storage, computation and communication. The key issues to be dealt with are time efficiency, cost minimization, utility maximization. This paper describes various optimization methods like end-to-end multiphase, G-MR, etc., using the techniques like Map-Reduce, CDS (Community Detection based Scheduling), ROUT, Workload-Aware Scheduling, SAGE, AMP (Ant Colony Optimization) to handle these issues. In this paper various optimization methods and techniques used are analyzed. It has been observed that end-to end multiphase achieves time efficiency; Cost minimization concentrates to achieve Quality of Service, Computation and reduction of Communication cost. SAGE achieves performance improvisation in processing geo-distributed data sets.
ERGENLERİN BİLGİSAYAR OYUNU OYNAMA ALIŞKANLIKLARI VE SOSYALLEŞME SÜREÇLER İ ÜZER İNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA (KÜTAHYA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ)

Bireyin, cocukluktan yetiskinlige gecis doneminde tum gelisimsel ozelliklerini iceren 12-25 yas arasi surece ergenlik denilmektedir. Bireylerin kisilik kazanarak belli bir sosyal cevreye hazirlanmasi, toplumla butunlesme surecine de sosyallesme denir. Bireyin sosyallesmesinde, ailesi, komsulari, arkadaslari, ogretmenleri ve kitle iletisim araclari etkilidir. Bilgisayar oyunlari, ergenlerin hayatlarini, arkadaslik ve aile iliskilerini, iletisimlerini surekli degistirmektedir. Bu calismada, 13-14 yas grubu ergenlerin bilgisayar oyunlarini oynama aliskanliklari ve sosyallesme surecleri irdelenmistir. Arastirmada veri toplamak amaciyla, Kutahya ilinde orneklem olarak secilen 36 5 yedinci ve sekizinci sinif ortaokul ogrencisine anket uygulanmistir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore, gunde 2 saatten fazla bilgisayar oyunu oynayan ergenlerin aile, okul ve arkadaslik iliskilerinde sosyallesme sorunlari yasadiklari gorulmustur. Uzmanlara gore gunde 2 saatten fazla bilgisayar oyunu oynayanlara bagimli denilmektedir. Bu arastirmada da bilgisayar oyunlarina bagimli ergenlerin yasam kalitelerinde dusme, aile ve arkadas iletisiminde catismalar ve ders basarisizliklari gorulmustur. Ancak, gunde 2 saatten az ve yasina uygun bilgisayar oyunu oynayan ergenlerin eglenceli vakit gecirdigi ve gelisimlerine olumlu katki sagladigi saptanmistir. Ergenlerin bilgisayar oyunlarina bagimliligini onlemek, anne-babalar, egitimciler ve yetkililerin ortak cabasi ile mumkundur.
An Efficient Content Dissemination Approach for Mobile E-Learning

With the rapid development of Device-to-Device (D2D) wireless communication technologies and the wide applications of human-carried smart mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets, content sharing attracts numerous attentions in mobile E-learning environments. Due to the high mobility of humans and the resource-limited smart mobile devices, the design of efficient content sharing schemes faces great challenges. This paper presents a novel data dissemination approach for efficient content sharing in mobile e-learning environments. In the proposed approach, a policy of random splitting and broadcasting of contents is applied to decrease the number of re-transmissions. The simulation results prove its efficiency and higher delivery ratio compared with traditional approaches.