Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The first center for evidence‐based medicine in Lithuania: an opportunity to change culture and improve clinical practice

In post‐Soviet countries, where medical practice largely relies on experience alone, the incorporation of the best research evidence in clinical practice is limited. In order to promote the awareness and utilization of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) among Lithuanian doctors, we organized EBM conferences in each of the two Lithuanian medical schools. More than 500 medical professionals and students attended the conferences in Vilnius (2013) and Kaunas (2014) demonstrating that there is a high demand for formal EBM teaching. Building on the success of these seminal conferences, and to start addressing the lack of EBM practice in the country, the first Lithuanian Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine was established at Vilnius University Medical Faculty in 2014. The Centre will focus on the implementation of EBM teaching in medical school curriculum, formulating management guidelines, writing systematic reviews and supporting Lithuanian authors in doing so.
Cutting Edge: Attenuated Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Eta-1/Osteopontin-Deficient Mice1

Recent studies indicate that early T lymphocyte activation 1 (Eta-1), also known as osteopontin, is a cytokine contributing to the development of Th1 immunity. In the present report, the role of Eta-1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease associated with Th1 immunity, was examined by analysis of disease progression in Eta-1-deficient (Eta-1−/−) mice. Although incidence and onset of peptide-induced EAE were found to be similar in Eta-1−/− and Eta-1+/+ mice, Eta-1−/− mice displayed significantly lower mean maximal clinical score and faster recovery without spontaneous relapses. Accordingly, decreased inflammatory infiltration and demyelination were observed in the spinal cords of Eta-1−/− mice. Furthermore, in comparison to Eta-1+/+, Eta-1−/− CD4+ T cells had reduced expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α upon ex vivo restimulation. Taken together, these results suggest that Eta-1 may sustain autoimmune responses by assisting in maintenance of Th1 immunity during EAE.
Analysis of the Formation Conditions for Large Area Epitaxial Graphene on SiC Substrates

We are aiming at understanding the graphene formation mechanism on different SiC polytypes (6H, 4H and 3C) and orientations with the ultimate goal to fabricate large area graphene (up to 2 inch) with controlled number of monolayers and spatial uniformity. To reach the objectives we are using high-temperature atmospheric pressure sublimation process in an inductively heated furnace. The epitaxial graphene is characterized by ARPES, LEEM and Raman spectroscopy. Theoretical studies are employed to get better insight of graphene patterns and stability. Reproducible results of single layer graphene on the Si-face of 6H and 4H-SiC polytypes have been attained. It is demonstrated that thickness uniformity of graphene is very sensitive to the substrate miscut.
Intelligent Information Sharing for Localized , Non-Stationary Phenomena

Information sharing is important in agent-based sensing, especially when only a small subset of a large team of agents can directly observe local environment phenomena. Moreover, sharing is further complicated in non-stationary environments, where changes in the phenomena over time require the team to collectively revise their beliefs as the phenomena change. In this paper, we first analytically and empirically demonstrate the difficulty inherent in sharing information and revising beliefs over time about localized, non-stationary phenomena, uncovering the inertia-based Institutional Memory Problem. Subsequently, we propose two solutions for addressing this problem: 1) a change detection and response algorithm, and 2) a forgetting-based solution. We test our solutions under several network structures to verify the efficacy of our approaches and evaluate their robustness in the presence of faulty and/or malicious agents injecting incorrect information into the team.
Sincronía y cambio: la historia del dativo de subordinación eslavo

Una de las discusiones mas recurrentes de la linguistica actual es la mantenida por los defensores y detractores de ciertos modelos linguisticos concretos, en especial, de metodos formales como el chomskiano. El asunto cobra interes cuando los linguistas “historicos” entran en la discusion. O, de la misma manera, cuando algunos linguistas “formalistas” evitan hechos como el cambio linguistico y la adquisicion en fenomenos de periferia linguistica (habitualmente inconsistentes y dificilmente idealizables), simplemente eliminandolos de su campo de estudio. Sin embargo, resulta logico imaginar un estado de la cuestion donde no existiera contradiccion entre ambas corrientes de investigacion: la razon es que cada una de ellas tiene simplemente un objeto de estudio distinto. Y decimos “distinto”, ya que el hecho de que la linguistica en general estudia las lenguas humanas no debe implicar necesariamente que su metodologia deba ser la misma. En este articulo rastreamos ciertas pistas que nos llevan al hecho de que muchas aparentes variaciones sintacticas de la actualidad pueden ser explicadas retrotrayendonos a cambios historicamente en proceso (Li 1975, Kroch 1989), considerando la posibilidad de que un mismo hablante analice una oracion de maneras distintas (Kroch 1989, 2001, Yang 2000, 2002). Los sintactistas describen y explican como una pequena porcion de nuestro cerebro mejor o peor localizada (correspondiente a la gramatica) funciona en una epoca determinada; asi, simplemente analizan los mecanismos sincronicos que generan oraciones sintacticamente correctas, tratando de relacionarlas con ciertos interfaces, en concreto, con el del significado (semantica) y la pronunciacion (fonetica). Pero es evidente el hecho de que las lenguas naturales cambian y que la gramatica “ideal” no existe. La linguistica historica se ocupa generalmente del cambio de las lenguas tomadas como objetos, tal y como son materializadas en ciertas comunidades o
Search practices in the early phase of the innovation process and ambidexterity: testing a sample of high-tech companies

This paper investigates the relationship between the practices put in place by firms to search for local and distant knowledge, ambidexterity and firms’ performances; attention is then focused on analysing the antecedents and consequences of ambidexterity in the search phase of the innovation process. Structural equation modelling has been used in order to test these hypotheses in a sample of Italian high-tech companies. Results of the study show a positive impact of the practices used by firm to search for distant knowledge on both ambidexterity and firms’ performances as well. Implications of these results are discussed in the paper.
Commentary on Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Normal, Chronologically Aged, Photoaged, and Photodamaged Skin

Although an emerging technology in dermatology, OCT has been used in other specialties, such as ophthalmology, for years. Optical coherence tomography can evaluate for retinal disease and ocular surface disease, monitor changes after cataract or LASIK surgery, and aid in the management of glaucoma. More recently, ophthalmologists have even usedOCT to diagnose corneal and conjunctival squamous malignancies, sometimes proceeding with topical therapy in the absence of histological confirmation. Optical coherence tomography has also been described in the management of cardiac, urological, and rheumatologic diseases. The possibilities for the use of OCT in dermatology are limitless. Although unlikely to replace the gold standard of histopathology, OCTmay be helpful in diagnosing skin conditions, evaluating for disease progression, and objectively measuring a patient’s response to treatment. It is this last possibility, response to treatment, of which the authors postulate the greatest application within our specialty. Dermatologists have the distinct advantage of being able to directly access our organ of interest for observation, palpation, and even biopsy. However, there are times when a skin biopsy may result in an unwanted or unnecessary scar. Because of this, clinical studies often rely on the “subjective” response of the patient or blinded evaluator. Validation of these various scales, although possible, is challenging. Additionally, the scales are often limited to a specific area of skin or disease condition. The objectivity of an imaging study to measure changes within the skin is quite promising.
Clinical Manifestations of Early Syphilis by HIV Status and Gender: Results of the Syphilis and HIV Study

Background Despite reports of unusual clinical presentations and therapeutic responses among HIV-infected patients with syphilis, syphilis has not been regarded as a serious opportunistic infection that predictably progresses among most HIV-coinfected patients. Goal To define and describe differences in the presentation and response to treatment of early syphilis among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, to describe any differences by gender, and to determine if clinical presentation of central nervous system involvement predicted serologic failure. Design A prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of enhanced versus standard therapy to compare the benefit of enhanced therapy, the clinical importance of central nervous system involvement, and the clinical manifestations of early syphilis infection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. Results The median number of ulcers was significantly greater among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients, as was the percent of HIV-infected patients with multiple ulcers. Among patients diagnosed with secondary syphilis, a higher percentage of HIV-infected patients presented with genital ulcers [13/53 (25%)] than did HIV-uninfected patients [27/200 (14%)]. No differences between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients were detected for other secondary syphilis manifestations. Although women presented more frequently with secondary syphilis than did men, no other gender differences in clinical manifestations were noted. Neurologic complaints were reported most frequently among patients with secondary syphilis [103/248 patients (42%)] compared with patients with primary syphilis [32/136 (24%)] and early latent syphilis [48/142, (34%)] (P < 0.05), but no differences in neurologic complaints were apparent by HIV status or CSF abnormalities. No neurologic complaints were significantly associated with serologic treatment failures at 6 months. Conclusions Overall, HIV infection had a small effect on the clinical manifestations of primary and secondary syphilis. Compared with HIV-uninfected patients, HIV-infected patients with primary syphilis tended to present more frequently with multiple ulcers, and HIV-infected patients with secondary syphilis presented with concomitant genitals ulcers more frequently.
Effects of leaf litter depth on the emergence and seedling growth of deciduous forest tree species in relation toseed size1

Abstract Kostel-Hughes, F. , T. P. Young, and J. D. Wehr. (Louis Calder Center—Biological Field Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, P.O. Box 887, Armonk, NY 10504). Effects of leaf litter depth on the emergence and seedling growth of deciduous forest tree species in relation to seed size. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 50–61. 2005. —Leaf litter has a major impact on soil microenvironmental conditions and so can be an important influence on seedling recruitment and hence plant community structure. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine the impact of leaf litter from temperate deciduous forests on the emergence and growth of tree seedlings in relation to seed size. Our treatments were bare (no litter), shallow (1–2 cm deep, 140 g·m−2), and deep (ca. 5 cm deep, 420 g·m−2) litter. Seed sizes ranged from 0.7–3636 mg. For Betula lenta (seed mass = 0.7 mg), emergence on bare soil was greater than 50%, approximately 12% in shallow litter, and no emergence in deep litter. Percent emergence for Liquidambar styraciflua (seed mass = 6 mg) was highest in bare soil and shallow litter treatments (64–69%) and was reduced by more than 80% in the deep litter treatment. Ailanthus altissima (seed mass = 30 mg) and Quercus velutina (seed mass = 1900 mg) exhibited no significant differences in emergence among litter depth treatments whereas, for Quercus rubra (seed mass = 3636 mg), percent emergence was over 50% greater under deep litter than under shallow litter. Seedling growth also differed in response to the litter treatments. For the two smallest-seeded species, B. lenta and L. styraciflua, seedling robustness (aboveground biomass divided by seedling height) was greatest in the bare treatment. Seedling robustness of Q. velutina decreased with increased litter depth while Q. rubra had its greatest seedling robustness in the shallow litter treatment. For A. altissima, seedling robustness and root:shoot ratio both decreased with increased litter depth. Our results suggest that the two smallest-seeded species are better adapted to colonizing post-disturbance sites where there is likely to be less litter, whereas the two largest-seeded oak species are better-suited to establishing in forests with a thicker litter layer. This is consistent with the communities in which these species typically are found. The enhanced seedling growth of A.altissima in bare-to-shallow litter conditions may be one of the attributes that accounts for the success of this highly invasive non-native species in urban forests in the New York City metropolitan area which have shallower litter than nearby rural forests.
Jeffrey's divergence between autoregressive moving-average processes

Various works have been carried out about the Jeffrey's divergence (JD) which is the symmetric version of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. An expression of the JD for Gaussian processes can be deduced from the definition of the KL divergence and the expression of the Gaussian-multivariate distributions of k-dimensional random vectors. It depends on the k × k Toeplitz covariance matrices of the stationary processes. However, the resulting computational cost may be high as these matrices must be inverted and it is all the higher as k increases. To circumvent this problem, a recursive expression can be obtained for real 1st-order autoregressive (AR) processes. When they are disturbed by additive uncorrelated white noises, we showed that when k becomes large, the derivative of the JD with respect to k tends to be constant. This constant is sufficient to compare the noisy AR processes. In this paper, we propose to extend our work to AR moving-average (MA) processes with one AR term and one MA term. Some examples illustrate the theoretical analysis.
Tissue factor in cancer angiogenesis and metastasis

Tumor cells frequently express tissue factor, a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as the cellular receptor and catalytic cofactor for the serine protease factor VIIa. In human tumors, tissue factor expression correlates spatially with neovascularization, indicating that tissue factor function may be linked to angiogenic properties of malignant tumors. Tissue factor also supports hematogenous tumor dissemination. The role of tissue factor in metastasis appears to involve both the coagulation pathway triggered by interactions of the tissue factor extracellular domain as well as cellular events dependent on the short cytoplasmic domain that may participate in tissue factor‐mediated outside‐in signaling.
The Coupling Fields Characteristics of Cable Joints and Application in the Evaluation of Crimping Process Defects

The internal defects of cable joints always accelerate the deterioration of insulation, until finally accidents can arise due to the explosion of the joints. The formation process of this damage often involves changes in the electromagnetic, temperature and stress distribution of the cable joint, therefore, it is necessary to analyze the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical distribution of cable joints. Aiming at solving this problem, the paper sets up a 3-D electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupling model of cable joints under crimping process defects. Based on the model, the electromagnetic losses distribution, temperature distribution and stress distribution of a cable joint and body are calculated. Then, the coupling fields characteristics in different contact coefficient k , ambient temperature T amb and load current I were analyzed, and according to the thermal-mechanical characteristics of a cable joint under internal defects, the temperature difference Δ T f and stress difference Δ σ f of cable surface are applied to evaluate the internal cable joint defects. Finally, a simplified model of the cable joint is set up to verify the accuracy of the coupling field model proposed in this paper, which indicates that the model can be used to analyze the coupling fields characteristics of cable joints and the method can be applied to evaluate crimping process defects of cable joints.
Trolling in online communities: A practice-based theoretical perspective

ABSTRACT The literature on trolling has viewed trolling as discrete instances of transgression undertaken by antagonistic individuals. We identify three main issues with current theorizations: diffuse definitions of “trolling,” blurred boundaries between trolling and other online anti-social behaviors, and the context dependency of trolling. To address these unresolved issues, we adopt a practice-based theoretical approach. Informed by this approach, we analyze trolling behaviors not as products of individuals' attitudes, values, and decisions, but rather as behaviors embedded within and occurring as part of social practices. Specifically, we conduct a practice-based theoretical analysis in a multi-site exploratory study involving online archival research and in-depth interviews with online community members. Based on this analysis, we propose that trolling be conceived as a constellation of three social practices: learning, assimilating, and transgressing. Also, we find that practices of trolling transgression can have a dual pro-social and anti-social impact in online communities.
On Boolean factor analysis with formal concept as factors

The paper presents results on factorization of binary matrices using formal concepts generated from the input matrix. We prove several results, e.g. that each matrix is conceptfactorizable, that concept-factorizability is the best way to factorize binary matrices, describe sets of good factors, mandatory factors, etc. In addition to that, we outline an algorithm for finding factors. The results are illustrated in detail by examples. Keywords— factor analysis, Boolean attribute, concept lattice, formal concept
Cosmic ray test system for the ATLAS thin gap chamber modules at KOBE

Thin gap chamber modules giving function of forward muon trigger to the ATLAS detector in the LHC experiment have been constructed at High Energy Research Organization (KEK) in Japan and their performances have been checked at Kobe University. A large-scale test system specially designed for measuring uniformity of the detection efficiencies and the timing resolution of 8 TGC modules at the same time was successfully operated. Each TGC module had 72 anode wire channels and 64 cathode strip channels (in total 1088 readout channels for 8 modules). Drift tubes consisted of 12 layers (total 428 tubes), between which the TGC modules are put, determined trajectories of cosmic rays. Hit pattern and timing of all detector signals (Trigger counter. Drift tubes and TGCs) were measured by using VME modules. In regular data acquisition situation, i.e. about effective 19 Hz trigger rate from scintillation counters and 73% tracking efficiency by the drift tubes, the detection efficiency of each layer by 5 mm /spl times/ 5 mm region of 8 TGC modules (24 layers) was measured using about 7 million cosmic ray tracks per module in 10 days. 306 modules were already inspected at June 2003.
Mapping the Cybernetic Principles of Viable System Model to Enterprise Service Bus

This paper describes the results of a theoretical mapping of the cybernetic principles of the Viable System Model (VSM) to an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) model, with the aim to identify the management principles for the integration of services at all levels in the enterprise. This enrichment directly contributes to the viability of service-oriented systems and the justification of Business/IT alignment within enterprise. The model was identified to be suitable for further adaption in the industrial setting planned within Australian governmental departments.
Co‐occurrence in nature of different clones of the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum

The social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, produces a multicellular fruiting body and has become a model system for cell–cell interactions such as signalling, adhesion and development. However, unlike most multicellular organisms, it forms by aggregation of cells and, in the laboratory, forms genetic chimeras where there may be competition among clones. Here we show that chimera formation is also likely in nature, because different clones commonly co‐occur on a very small scale. This suggests that D. discoideum will likely have evolved strategies for competing in chimeras, and that the function of some developmental genes will be competitive. Natural chimerism also makes D. discoideum a good model organism for the investigation of issues relating to coexistence and conflict between cells.
Optimisation du routage d'un filtre CEM

La tendance de l'integration en electronique de puissance accentue naturellement les effets electromagnetiques parasites. Tout systeme d'energie electrique devient alors source de perturbations EM aussi bien conduites que rayonnees. Mais dans le cadre de ces travaux, nous nous sommes focalise sur l'organe de filtrage des perturbations conduites : le filtre CEM. En haute frequence, il s'avere que ce type de systeme voit son comportement degrade en raison des differents phenomenes parasites apparaissant au sein meme du dispositif. Seuls les aspects magnetiques du probleme ont neanmoins ete traites (i.e. inductances partielles & couplages magnetiques parasites). Differentes methodes ont ete mises au point par le passe dans le but d'ameliorer facilement la reponse du filtre. Cependant, il s'agit de procedes empiriques ne pouvant garantir l'optimalite de la solution de filtre construite. Les travaux realises au cours de cette these ont donc consiste a developper une nouvelle methode d'optimisation d'un filtre CEM, et plus precisement de son routage. L'objectif est alors d'exploiter les differents phenomenes magnetiques parasites intrinseques au montage. Calculer ce type d'elements a donc necessite l'utilisation d'un outil de modelisation PEEC ; methode numerique permettant des calculs rapides en raison d'un maillage relativement limite.