Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Analytical Models of Cogging Torque in Surface-Mounted PM Machines

This paper compares four analytical models for predicting the cogging torque in surface-mounted permanent-magnet machines, viz., lateral force (LF), complex permeance (CP), and exact subdomain (SD) models, together with an SD model based on a single slot/pole. The models are evaluated for the air-gap flux density, cogging torque, back electromotive force (EMF), electromagnetic torque, saturation effect, and computational complexity, with particular focus on the influence of design parameters, such as the slot-depth-to-slot-opening ratio and the optimal pole-arc-to-pole-pitch and slot-opening-to-slot-pitch ratios, on the cogging torque. It shows that all studied analytical models have similar high accuracy for the fundamental back EMF and average torque. However, their predictions are quite different for the ripples in the back EMF, cogging torque, and electromagnetic torque waveforms. Overall, the SD models have high accuracy, while the exact SD model is the most accurate among the studied models by accounting for mutual influence between slots, albeit with high computational complexity. The computation of the SD models is slower than that of the LF model but can be quicker than that of the CP model. The comparison is validated by the finite-element and experimental results.
COMPARISON OF LASER SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND SFM-MVS PIPELINE APPLIED IN STRUCTURES AND ARTIFICIAL SURFACES

Abstract. The merging of photogrammetry and computer vision has raised discussions regarding its ability to produce very dense point clouds, comparable, under circumstances to terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). This paper approaches this issue in terms of accuracy, density, methodology and ease to use. Three tests have been conducted to evaluate the process as well as data density, quality, registration and methodology. At the first test a 300 mm sphere with texture has been used as a reference object is order to address data quality using image based techniques. Menci's Zscan was tested against the Bundler-PMVS work flow. The second test is a flat building facade, where Zscan, TLS and Bundler-PMVS are compared directly. The last test was contacted in an electricity power station which was an extremely complex structure. Two TLS stations were compared against 212 Bundler-PMVS photos. Quantitative comparisons based on several criteria are presented. For small and medium size objects and distances Bundler-PMVS seems to have an advantage in terms of methodology and accuracy. In large scale objects TLS is better in terms of quality and processing time.
Adaptive Myogenesis under Hypoxia

ABSTRACT Previous studies have indicated that myoblasts can differentiate and repair muscle injury after an ischemic insult. However, it is unclear how hypoxia or glucose deprivation in the ischemic microenvironment affects myoblast differentiation. We have found that myogenesis can adapt to hypoxic conditions. This adaptive mechanism is accompanied by initial inhibition of the myoD, E2A, and myogenin genes followed by resumption of their expression in an oxygen-dependent manner. The regulation of myoD transcription by hypoxia is correlated with transient deacetylation of histones associated with the myoD promoter. It is noteworthy that, unlike the differentiation of other cell types such as preadipocytes or chondroblasts, the effect of hypoxia on myogenesis is independent of HIF-1, a ubiquitous regulator of transcription under hypoxia. While myogenesis can also adapt to glucose deprivation, the combination of severe hypoxia and glucose deprivation found in an ischemic environment results in pronounced loss of myoblasts. Our studies indicate that the ischemic muscle can be repaired via the adaptive differentiation of myogenic precursors, which depends on the levels of oxygen and glucose in the ischemic microenvironment.
On the right (and left) track: Twenty years of progress in studying hemispatial neglect

In the last 20 years, several important developments have markedly expanded our understanding of the hemispatial neglect syndrome and, more broadly, of the brain's representation of objects, space, and action. This review follows seven “threads” of scientific development to evaluate some of the changes in our thinking about the mechanisms of neglect, its key characteristics, the spatial frames of reference affected, the psychophysical properties of neglect phenomena, the relationship of neglect in various sensory modalities, the role of deficits in arousal and general attention, and the critical neuroanatomic substrates of the disorder. The progress reviewed illustrates that the cognitive neuropsychology approach to the study of neglect complements insights gleaned from neurophysiological studies in the monkey, functional neuroimaging studies of attention and perception, and other investigative techniques, and thus serves as fertile ground for a convergence approach to cognitive neuroscience.
Tele-Operation of Robot Using Gestures

This paper proposes an idea to develop a tele-operated humanoid robot, which has capability to perform assigned task at a long distance based on the gestures given by the human. Tele-operation of robots is the field that bridges the transition between manual control and complete autonomous control of robots. Controlling robots at anyplace in the world by accessing the sensory data from the robot gives the humans the capability to perform several tasks. To start with this idea a framework is implemented in which the user can send commands to control a humanoid from anywhere in the world over Transmission control protocol. An extension is being developed to control the robot remotely using gestures. A communication channel to transfer image feedback data from the robot via a TCP socket is also being developed. Users just need to use the most natural body gestures to interact with the robot. Microsoft Kinect is applied in this system to recognize different body gestures and generate visual Human-Robot interaction interface, then the controlling signals of different body gesture modules are sent to the humanoid robot thorough a infrared transmitter, which can stimulate the robot to complete tasks.
Associations between self-reported and objective physical environmental factors and use of a community rail-trail.

BACKGROUND To effectively promote physical activIty, researchers and policy makers have advocated for greater use of environmental approaches, such as the construction of community paths and trails. However, research on the use of these facilities is limited. METHODS In this cross-sectional community study, we examined associations between self-reported and objective physical environmental variables and use of the Minuteman Bikeway (Arlington, MA) in a random sample of 413 adults. Sociodemographic and perceived environmental variables were measured with a mail survey during September 1998. Geographic information system (GIS) data were used to geocode survey respondents' homes and create three objective environmental variables: distance to the Bikeway, steep hill barrier, and a busy street barrier. RESULTS In logistic models, age and female gender showed statistically significant inverse associations with Bikeway use over the previous 4-week period. Increases in self-reported (OR = 0.65) and GIS distance (OR = 0.57) were associated with decreased likelihood of Bikeway use. Absence of self-reported busy street (OR = 2.01) and GIS steep hill barriers (OR = 1.84) were associated with Bikeway use. CONCLUSIONS Environmental barriers such as travel distance and hilly terrain should be considered when planning community trails. A better understanding of such factors may lead to more effective promotion of trail use.
A new method characterizing pH in EIS

In this paper, an investigation of changes in pH of capacitance in EIS is proposed. This way could be easily implemented by the discrete integrated circuits in the ready-made market. Capacitive variations can be detected and converted into voltage changes by signal conditioning. All the functions of the system are proved successfully through HSPICE simulation. These simulation results have successfully confirmed the correct functions and good performance in linearity.
Low frequency of elevated prothrombin times in patients with lupus anticoagulants when using a recombinant thromboplastin reagent: implications for dosing and monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy

Abstract Many patients with lupus anticoagulants (LA) are treated with oral anticoagulation and monitored using the international normalised ratio (INR) derived from the prothrombin time (PT). Recent reports have produced conflicting conclusions about the extent to which LA interferes with PT determination. The degree of anticoagulation may be overestimated in a patient whose LA affects the PT. A number of reports conclude that specific thromboplastin reagents containing recombinant tissue factor are sensitive to the presence of LAs and should not be used to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy in these patients. These studies were performed on orally anticoagulated patients. The present retrospective study on 400 patients with LAs who were not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation was performed to ascertain the frequency of prolonged PT in these patients when using Innovin recombinant thromboplastin. Only 17 (4.3%) out of 400 had prolonged PT in the presence of LA. As this is a low prevalence, and not all patients with LAs will require anticoagulant therapy, it is concluded that baseline INR determination should be used to highlight the need to monitor individual patients with LA-insensitive reagents. As the use of moderate-intensity oral anticoagulation for patients with LAs and previous thrombosis is receiving wider acceptance, an informed approach to anticoagulant monitoring will reduce the possibility of underanticoagulating patients receiving this therapy.
Epidemiologie anorektischer und bulimischer Essstörungen

Zusammenfassung Prävalenz und Inzidenz (Neuerkrankungsrate) von Anorexia nervosa (AN) nahmen ab den 1930er-Jahren bis in die 1970er-Jahre zu. Die Diagnosen von Bulimia nervosa (BN) (1980) und Binge-Eating-Störung (BES) (1994) wurden erst später eingeführt. Die Lifetime-Prävalenz für AN für junge Frauen beträgt ca. 0,5%, die für BN für junge Frauen ca. 1,5% und für BES ca. 3% für Frauen und 2% für Männer. Diese Zahlen basieren auf den DSM-IV-Kriterien. Die jährliche Inzidenzrate für AN pro 100 000 Personen in der Bevölkerung liegt bei ca. 50 bei jungen Frauen, für BN bei jungen Frauen (ausgeschlossen Zwillinge) zwischen 20 und 50. Die Mortalität ist besonders für AN sehr hoch, weniger für BN und BES. In Entwicklungsländern ist die Prävalenz für AN und BN sehr niedrig, allerdings nehmen die Raten dort zu. Bei schwarzen Frauen in den USA und den Karibischen Inseln gibt es sehr selten AN. Summary Prevalence and incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) increased from the 1930s to 1970s. The diagnoses of bulimia nervosa (BN) (1980) and binge-eating-disorder (BED) (1994) were introduced later. The lifetime prevalence for AN for young women is about 0.5%, that for BN for young women about 1.5 % and for BED about 3% for women and 2% for men. These rates are based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The yearly incidence rate for AN in non-twin young women per 100 000 persons in the population is about 50.0, for BN it is between 20.0 and 50.0. Mortality especially in AN is very high, less so in BN and BED. In developing countries the prevalence of AN and BN used to be very low but rates are increasing. Black women in the USA and the Caribbean Islands very rarely show AN.
Cloning and functional expression of the Coxiella burnetii citrate synthase gene in Escherichia coli

The citrate synthase gene from the obligate intracellular rickettsial parasite Coxiella burnetii was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Transduction into E. coli with a C. burnetii gene library constructed in the cosmid vector pHK17 resulted in the functional complementation of the gltA mutation of E. coli MOB154. A GltA+ clone carrying 16.4 kilobase pairs of C. burnetii DNA and designated pJCC959 was isolated and characterized. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that the pJCC959 cloned insert consists of C. burnetii DNA and that homology exists with the Rickettsia prowazekii citrate synthase gene. Subcloning analysis with the multicopy expression vector pUC8 revealed that citrate synthase expression was under control of a C. burnetti promoter. In vitro transcription-translation of subclones pLPM20 and pLPM30 established a molecular weight of ca. 46,000 for the monomer form of the cloned enzyme. Transposon Tn5 mutagenesis of pLPM30 defined the coding region to approximately 1.2 kilobase pairs of C. burnetii DNA. Maxicell analysis of selected pLPM30::Tn5 insertion derivatives identified the direction of transcription and the relative translational start and stop sites and substantiated the molecular weight value calculated from the in vitro analysis. Inhibition studies showed that citrate synthase activity in crude cell extracts obtained from strain MOB154 transformed with the cloned C. burnetii gene was markedly inhibited by 4 mM ATP, while 4 mM alpha-ketoglutarate had virtually no effect. These data indicate that the C. burnetii enzyme displays regulatory behavior characteristic of the small gram-positive bacterial and eucaryotic enzyme.
Activation of Rac1 promotes hedgehog‐mediated acquisition of the myofibroblastic phenotype in rat and human hepatic stellate cells

Hepatic accumulation of myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cells (MF‐HSCs) is pivotal in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. Two events are necessary for MF‐HSCs to accumulate in damaged livers: transition of resident, quiescent hepatic stellate cells (Q‐HSCs) to MF‐HSCs and expansion of MF‐HSC numbers through increased proliferation and/or reduced apoptosis. In this study, we identified two novel mediators of MF‐HSC accumulation: Ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and Hedgehog (Hh). It is unclear whether Rac1 and Hh interact to regulate the accumulation of MF‐HSCs. We evaluated the hypothesis that Rac1 promotes activation of the Hh pathway, thereby stimulating signals that promote transition of Q‐HSCs into MF‐HSCs and enhance the viability of MF‐HSCs. Using both in vitro and in vivo model systems, Rac1 activity was manipulated through adenoviral vector‐mediated delivery of constitutively active or dominant‐negative rac1. Rac1‐transgenic mice with targeted myofibroblast expression of a mutated human rac1 transgene that produces constitutively active Rac1 were also examined. Results in all models demonstrated that activating Rac1 in HSC enhanced Hh signaling, promoted acquisition/maintenance of the MF‐HSC phenotype, increased MF‐HSC viability, and exacerbated fibrogenesis. Conversely, inhibiting Rac1 with dominant‐negative rac1 reversed these effects in all systems examined. Pharmacologic manipulation of Hh signaling demonstrated that profibrogenic actions of Rac1 were mediated by its ability to activate Hh pathway‐dependent mechanisms that stimulated myofibroblastic transition of HSCs and enhanced MF‐HSC viability. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that interactions between Rac1 and the Hh pathway control the size of MF‐HSC populations and have important implications for the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. HEPATOLOGY 2010
Quantitative evaluation of vocal‐fold mucosal irregularities using GLCM‐based texture analysis

Visualization of the vocal folds is essential when reaching a primary diagnosis of laryngeal disease. However, the examination is subjective and highly dependent on the experience of the treating physician. The present study is the development of objective tools for the diagnosis of laryngeal malignancy based on laryngeal texture analysis.
"Formed from the Earth at That Place": The Material Side of Community at Poverty Point

Fisher-hunter-gatherers built the large earthwork at Poverty Point ca. 3500 cal. B.P. Based on the massive quantities of exotic rock and construction regularities with earlier regional mound complexes, Kenneth Sassaman proposes that builders were a cosmopolitan multiethnic collective with geographically extensive origins. Close examination of Poverty Point's goods fails to support his multiethnic model and suggests that a local communal structure prevailed in Poverty Point's homeland.
EMPORAL I NFORMATION P ROCESSING : A S URVEY

Temporal Information Processing is a subfield of Natural Language Processing, valuable in many tasks like Question Answering and Summarization. Temporal Information Processing is broadened, ranging from classical theories of time and language to current computational approaches for Temporal Information Extraction. This later trend consists on the automatic extraction of events and temporal expressions. Such issues have attracted great attention especially with the development of annotated corpora and annotations schemes mainly TimeBank and TimeML. In this paper, we give a survey of Temporal Information Extraction from Natural Language texts.
Histological, histochemical and electron microscopic changes of the placenta induced by maternal exposure to hyperthermia in the rat

Both clinical and experimental investigations have shown that maternal hyperthermia during critical stages of embryo development can induce malformations in the offspring. Studies of the effect of heat stress on the placental functions are limited to the ewes, but that on microscopic structure is unknown. In the present study, rats were exposed to 41 or 42°C for 1 h on gestation day (GD) 9. The controls were sham treated. Fetuses and placentas were collected on GD 20. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and several craniofacial malformations were observed in the fetuses of the heat-treated group. The placentas of the 42°C group were significantly lighter in weight than those of the control. Light microscopy (LM) revealed thickening, hyalinization and occasional lymphocytic infiltration of the decidua basalis. Giant cells were prominent and glycogen cells had degenerated, leaving behind large cysts in the basal (spongy) zone. Best’s carmine stain with or without diastase indicated the reduction in number and degeneration of glycogen cells and cyst formation. The labyrinthine zone was relatively thin in comparison to that of the controls. Perivascular fibrosis and paucity of vascularization were other features of the placentas of the hyperthermia group. Electron microscopy (EM) revealed lipid droplet accumulation in the trophoblast, the presence of myelin bodies and an increased production of collagen in the basal zone. Perivascular fibrosis appeared to have contributed to placental barrier thickening. EM also revealed accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets in the trophoblasts and fibrin secretion into the extracellular space of the labyrinthine zone. These data suggest that placental pathology possibly contributes to fetal growth retardation in maternally heat-stressed rat fetuses.
State feedback stabilization of uncertain discrete-time linear systems via a limited capacity communication channel

Presents an algorithm for the stabilization of an uncertain discrete-time linear system via a limited capacity channel. In this control system, the actuator can only receive information from the sensor via a limited capacity channel. The approach taken is a Lyapunov type approach using a polyhedral Lyapunov function of a specific form.
Therapeutic approaches to superantigen‐based diseases: a review

Superantigens secreted by the bacterial pathogen Staphyloccocus aureus are extremely potent toxins that overstimulate the host immune system by binding to the MHC class II and T cell receptors and activating a large population of T cells. Superantigen infection has been shown to be the causative agents in acute diseases, food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, and in more chronic conditions such as inflammatory skin diseases. In addition to the toll on public health, S. aureus superantigens also represent a potential biothreat to our national security. To address these risks, a number of different therapeutic strategies have been developed that target different aspects of the pathogenic mechanism of S. aureus and superantigen infection. These therapies, which encompass strategies as diverse as production of neutralizing antibodies, inhibitory peptide/receptor design and blockage of superantigen gene transcription, are being tested for treatment of established S. aureus infections in pre‐ and post‐exposure scenarios. In this review, we will describe these different strategies and their efficacies in inhibition of superantigen‐induced effects in the host, and present the future outlook for successfully producing therapies for superantigen‐based disease. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacité et complications de la technique de mucosectomie pour les polypes colorectaux : résultats d'une série de 463 cas

La mucosectomie est une methode endoscopique d'exerese des lesions neoplasiques superficielles du tube digestif. Elle est efficace avec un risque de recidive faible lorsque la resection est R0 (resection monobloc avec marges saines). En dehors de la taille de la lesion (seuil de 20 mm), peu de donnees existent sur les facteurs predictifs d'efficacite. Objectifs de l'etude : Cette etude repondait a un double objectif : D'une part, evaluer l'efficacite et les complications de la technique de mucosectomie pour les lesions neoplasiques superficielles rectocoliques. D'autre part, identifier des facteurs predictifs de resection macroscopiquement complete, monobloc et de recidive. Methodes : Entre janvier 2003 et mai 2011, les polypes qui faisaient l'objet d'une tentative de mucosectomie etaient inclus. Les donnees cliniques, endoscopiques et histologiques etaient recueillies de facon retrospective. L'evaluation de l'efficacite reposait sur le calcul des taux de resecabilite, de resection monobloc, de resection a marges saines et de recidive. La survenue d'une complication (hemorragie, perforation) etait systematiquement recueillie. L'identification de facteurs predictifs d'efficacite reposait sur l'analyse multivariee des facteurs identifies en analyse univariee avec un p ≤ 0,15. Resultats : Un total de 305 patients avec 463 polypes a ete inclus. La taille moyenne des lesions etait de 15,4 ± 8,8 mm. La resection etait possible pour 385 polypes (83%). Les facteurs predictifs d'echec etaient le type histologique (categorie 4 (ORa= 4,2) et categorie 5 (ORa= 18,5)), la taille ≥ 20 mm (ORa= 5,5), la forme plane (ORa= 2,1) et la presence d'une insertion valvulaire (ORa= 4,2). Le taux de resection monobloc etait de 70,1% parmi les polypes reseques. La taille ≥ 20 mm (ORa= 2,4) et la localisation rectale (ORa= 2,5) constituaient des facteurs de risque d'exerese fragmentee alors qu'au contraire la forme pediculee (ORa= 0,06) et l'expertise de l'operateur (ORa= 0,23) constituait des facteurs protecteurs. Parmi les adenomes reseques par mucosectomie, un suivi endoscopique a pu etre effectue pour 155 d'entre eux. Une recidive etait retrouvee dans 25,2% des cas et pouvait etre traitee endoscopiquement dans 93,2%. Les facteurs predictifs de recidive etaient une preparation colique mediocre (ORa=2,5) et des marges de resection non saines (ORa=3,1). Enfin, La totalite des complications (40 (8,6%), soit 39 hemorragies et 1 perforation) a pu etre traitee de facon conservatrice, sans recours chirurgical. Conclusion : Notre etude confirme sur un large effectif la faisabilite et la faible morbidite de la technique de mucosectomie pour le traitement des lesions neoplasiques superficielles rectocoliques. Notre travail souligne la pertinence du seuil de 20 mm en tant que facteur predictif independant d'echec, de resection fragmentee et a la limite de la significativite pour le risque de recidive. Par ailleurs, notre travail insiste pour la premiere fois sur l'importance de l'expertise de l'operateur comme facteur predictif de resection monobloc.