Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling-Assisted InSAR Phase-Unwrapping Method for Mapping Mine Subsidence

Compared with traditional measurement technologies, synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) has unique advantages in monitoring ground subsidence due to underground mining. However, when the subsidence gradient of the subsidence trough exceeds the maximum measurable gradient of InSAR technology, the interference fringes will be too dense, causing phase aliasing. As a result, it is impossible to obtain correct phase-unwrapping result. The main objectives of this letter are two folded. First is to develop an unwrapping strategy to deal with the unwrapping problem caused by large subsidence gradient at the mine subsidence trough. The main idea of this strategy is to estimate most of the subsidence phase by multiple model inversions based on iterative approach. Then, the model phases from multiple models are combined with the final unwrapped residual phase. Another objective of this letter is to evaluate the feasibility of the three common deformation models, i.e., Mogi, probability integral method (PIM), and Okada, in solving the phase-unwrapping problem. Their advantages and disadvantages are outlined. Both the simulated data and real data are used for this experiment. The result shows that the problem of large subsidence gradient in the differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) results can be solved by multiple model inversion. Among the three models, the use of Okada model seems to provide slightly more accurate result for solving the large-scale subsidence in the mining area than the other two models with the proposed strategy.
Analysis of the Reaction Runaway in Al/Ni Multilayers with Combined Nanocalorimetry and Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction

Abstract Self-sustaining runaway reactions in reactive multilayers exhibit heat-up with over 106 K/s to temperatures of higher than 1000 °C, which defines unprecedented kinetic regimes for metallurgical phase transformations. The latter allows for developing alternative concepts for microstructure design. In order to explore the phase transformations in these kinetic regimes, we combine nanocalorimetry with time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Nanocalorimetry allows us to perform thermal analysis of ignition as well as the reaction runaway and to develop necessary and mandatory quantitative criterions for ignition. In order to trace the temporal phase evolution, we use time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We heat the Al/Ni multilayers with 5000 K/s and find that Ni starts to diffuse into the Al layer at 271 °C. Ignition occurs, dependent on the bilayer thickness, at about 400 °C in the solid state and atomic diffusion is revealed as the dominating mechanism. During the runaway, samples heat up in four stages with maximal 106 K/s to 1100 °C. Ni2Al3 is the first phase to form which starts to nucleate once Al melts. The majority of the intermetallic phase grows after the runaway reaction in the fourth stage and reaches its maximum during cooling. This trend of the temporal phase evolution eventually enables us to propose a mechanism exhibiting conceptual similarities with the exothermic dissolution mechanism recently suggested for self-sustaining reaction fronts in Al/Ni multilayers.
SENESCENCE IN SUBMERGED AQUATIC ANGIOSPERMS: EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS

SUMMARY The effects of mercuric chloride, lead acetate, cadmium chloride and cupric sulphate on the senescence of isolated mature leaves of three submerged aquatic angiosperms, Potamogeton pectinatus L. , Vallisneria spiralis L. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, were studied. All four compounds decreased the rate of respiration of all the species except that Cu increased the respiration rate of Potamogeton. All the heavy metals hastened senescence of all three species as measured by decreases in the contents of chlorophyll, RNA, protein and dry wt and increases of free amino acid content, tissue permeability, the ratio of acid to alkaline pyrophosphatase activity and the activities of protease and RNase. All metals decreased the ratio of chlorophyll a to b in Potamogeton and Vallisneria but increased it in Hydrilla. Cu seemed to be the most effective metal in inducing deleterious effects in Potamogeton and Vallisneria. Pretreatment of leaves of these plants with kinetin for 12 h or more, significantly reduced the senescence promoted by the heavy metals. Of the three species studied, Hydrilla was most tolerant to the heavy metals applied.
The effects of crop diversification on herbivorous insects: a meta‐analysis approach

Abstract. 1 We used a meta‐analysis to evaluate the hypothesis that diversified crops are subject to lower density of herbivorous insects. This method consists of integrating findings of independent studies by calculating the magnitude of treatment effects (effect size). 2 A literature review covering a period of over 10 years yielded twenty‐one studies that contained sufficient information for the meta‐analysis. The data were analysed according to three criteria: yearly replications of the same study were considered independent data so that research repeated over time would have greater weight; a second meta‐analysis was conducted with results of only 1 year because of possible lack of independence between results of the same study; the third approach was to remove studies involving Brassica spp. from the analysis because they are redundant from the standpoint of testing a general hypothesis of crop diversification. 3 The three analyses resulted in effect sizes of 0.50, 0.35 and 0.27, respectively, and all were statistically significant. These results correspond to 69%, 63% and 60% differences between average insect densities for treatment (diversified crops) and control groups. 4 We considered the last criterion for data analysis as the most appropriate because of lowest bias from non‐independence between samples. Therefore we concluded that crop diversity caused moderate reduction of herbivorous insect populations. 5 The implications and limitations of meta‐analyses are discussed.
Fertilization in Cypripedium

1. In Cypripedium two cells are formed by the mother cell, a wall not appearing in the second division, even in the rare instances in which the nuclei of both daughter cells divide. Two megaspore nuclei are used in forming the embryo sac, the Lilium type using four, and most angiosperms only one. The two megaspore nuclei in the sac of Cypripedium and the four in that of Lilium may be related to double fertilization. 2. Cypripedium has only four nuclei in the completed embryo sac. The Lilium type and Cypripedium have the fewest divisions from mother cell to egg reported among angiosperms. A comparison with the animal egg shows only one more division from the mother cell to the egg in Lilium and in Cypripedium than in the maturation of the animal egg. 3. So-called double fertilization is probably constant in Cypripedium. The primary endosperm nucleus (triple-fusion nucleus) is formed by the fusion of the polar, one synergid, and one male nucleus. Endosperm of four nuclei was found and the probability of other divisions taking place was noted. 4. In the presynaptic nucleus there is an evident pairing of the threads, probably of paternal and maternal origin. The gametophyte number of chromosomes is eleven, the sporophyte number is twenty-two, and the endosperm number is probably thirty-three. Distinct spirems were often found in all fusing nuclei, forming in one instance before contact. From these examples, the possibility of two spirems always forming in the sporophyte nucleus is suggested; this would secure the independence of the chromatin, and the fusing in synapsis would permit whatever exchange and mingling of parts there may be.
Ultrasound Deep Learning for Wall Segmentation and Near-Wall Blood Flow Measurement

Studies of medical flow imaging have technical limitations for accurate analysis of blood flow dynamics and vessel wall interaction at arteries. We propose a new deep learning-based boundary detection and compensation (DL-BDC) technique in ultrasound (US) imaging. It can segment vessel boundaries by harnessing the convolutional neural network and wall motion compensation in the analysis of near-wall flow dynamics. The network enables training from real and synthetic US images together. The performance of the technique is validated through synthetic US images and tissue-mimicking phantom experiments. The neural network performs well with high Dice coefficients of over 0.94 and 0.9 for lumens and walls, outperforming previous segmentation techniques. Then, the performance of the wall motion compensation is examined for compliant phantoms. When DL-BDC is applied to flow influenced by wall motion, root-mean-square errors are less than 0.07%. The technique is utilized to analyze flow dynamics and wall interaction with varying elastic moduli of the phantoms. The results show that the flow dynamics and wall shear stress values are consistent with the expected values of the compliant phantoms, and their wall motion behavior is observed with pulse wave propagation. This strategy makes US imaging capable of simultaneous measurement of blood flow and vessel dynamics in human arteries for their accurate interaction analysis. DL-BDC can segment vessel walls fast, accurately, and robustly. It enables to measure the near-wall flow precisely by determining the vessel boundary dynamics. This approach can be beneficial in flow dynamics and wall interaction analyses in various biomedical applications.
Deconvolving Range Profile for Sonar Imaging Using Stepped-Frequency LFM Pulses

An imaging sonar using stepped-frequency linear frequency modulation (LFM) pulses can improve the range resolution. Nevertheless, the range resolution cannot be increased freely since the ping number is limited by the medium instability. Furthermore, the range sidelobes (SLs) are high due to the spectrum leakage between transmitting pulses. In this letter, we propose a deconvolution method to simultaneously increase the range resolution and suppress the range SLs. We use the sum of auto-correlation functions of the stepped-frequency LFM pulses to design the point spread function and use the Richardson–Lucy algorithm to deconvolve the synthesized range profile. Moreover, we consider the nonideal condition involving the amplitude and phase errors across sonar pings. Numerical simulations and real data results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Novel Design Approach of Extended Gate-On-Source Based Charge-Plasma Vertical-Nanowire TFET: Proposal and Extensive Analysis

While quenching the thirst of device scaling, it is utmost necessary not to compromise device performance. Thus, the scaling of tunnel devices is much efficient as compared to Field-Effect Transistors. A dopingless Nanowire (NW) Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET) is proposed and analyzed in the submitted work. Intrinsic silicon is used as a base material for the NWTFET structure. The required doping for the proper working of TFET is induced by implementing the Charge-Plasmatechnique. The vertical NWTFET structure is scaled down to smaller dimensions to show the possibility and consistent performance of Nano-TFET devices. The proposed structure provides a better solution for the requirement of stringent conditions. The scaled-down source/drain length is kept equal to the Debye length to compensate for the need of abrupt junction at the source-channel interface. Several device parameters and analog characteristics are calculated to understand the proposed device behavior at different operating biases. The proposed deviceswitches with a steep subthreshold slope while maintaining ultra-low OFF-state current. The subthreshold slope is lowest for silicon-based TFET devices ever reported. The linearity parameters are calculated to check the effect of noise introduced within the device due to scaled-down dimensions. The proposeddevice is optimized by using Dual-Metal-Gate and Gate-On-Source technique. The achieved drain current is approx. 10 μA/μm for gate bias equal to 1 V.
Unseen Land Cover Classification from High-Resolution Orthophotos Using Integration of Zero-Shot Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) is an approach to classify objects unseen during the training phase and shown to be useful for real-world applications, especially when there is a lack of sufficient training data. Only a limited amount of works has been carried out on ZSL, especially in the field of remote sensing. This research investigates the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) as a feature extraction and classification method for land cover mapping using high-resolution orthophotos. In the feature extraction phase, we used a CNN model with a single convolutional layer to extract discriminative features. In the second phase, we used class attributes learned from the Word2Vec model (pre-trained by Google News) to train a second CNN model that performed class signature prediction by using both the features extracted by the first CNN and class attributes during training and only the features during prediction. We trained and tested our models on datasets collected over two subareas in the Cameron Highlands (training dataset, first test dataset) and Ipoh (second test dataset) in Malaysia. Several experiments have been conducted on the feature extraction and classification models regarding the main parameters, such as the network’s layers and depth, number of filters, and the impact of Gaussian noise. As a result, the best models were selected using various accuracy metrics such as top-k categorical accuracy for k = [1,2,3], Recall, Precision, and F1-score. The best model for feature extraction achieved 0.953 F1-score, 0.941 precision, 0.882 recall for the training dataset and 0.904 F1-score, 0.869 precision, 0.949 recall for the first test dataset, and 0.898 F1-score, 0.870 precision, 0.838 recall for the second test dataset. The best model for classification achieved an average of 0.778 top-one, 0.890 top-two and 0.942 top-three accuracy, 0.798 F1-score, 0.766 recall and 0.838 precision for the first test dataset and 0.737 top-one, 0.906 top-two, 0.924 top-three, 0.729 F1-score, 0.676 recall and 0.790 precision for the second test dataset. The results demonstrated that the proposed ZSL is a promising tool for land cover mapping based on high-resolution photos.
A propos de l'Eusmilus (Eusmilus bidentatus ringeadei Ringeade et Michel, 1994) de Soumailles, lieu-dit de la commune de Pardaillan, Canton de Duras (Lot et Garonne, France) : étude descriptive

Res. d'A. Du celebre gisement de Soumailles (Lot-et-Garonne - France) stratigraphiquement situe au-dessus de la grande coupure de STEHLIN (base de l'Oligocene inferieur - MP 21) provient, de fouilles effectuees par M. RINGEADE, un magnifique squelette quasi-complet, en connexion anatomique, d'un FELOIDEA du Genre Eusmilus. De par sa position stratigraphique et de par ses particularites morphologiques (moins progressif que les Eusmilus bidentatus des Phosphorites du Quercy ou de Villebramar) nous l'avons attribue a une nouvelle sous-espece, a savoir Euslmilus bidentatus rigeadei
Interactions between anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria and fungi in the presence of Methanobrevibacter smithii

A mixed inoculum of cellulolytic rumen bacteria depressed straw degradation by a mixed culture of cellulolytic fungi grown in the presence of Methanobrevibacter smithii. The inhibitory effect appeared to be caused by Ruminococcus albus strain JI and R. flavefaciens strain 007. Ruminococcus albus strain J1 also depressed straw degradation by the fungi, but R. albus strain SY3 and three strains of Bacteroides (Fibrobacter) succinogenes tested showed little or no inhibitory activity. It seems that some ruminococci show competitive or antagonistic activity towards certain rumen fungi.
Susceptibility to Coolness at the Young Microspore Stage under High Nitrogen Supply in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Proteome Analysis of Mature Anthers

Abstract In vitro pollen germination experiment using agar plates showed that the growth under high nitrogen conditions enhanced the damage to pollen germination ability caused by the cooling at the young microspore stage. To clarify the physiological factors related to this damage to pollen germination, we performed the comparative proteome analysis of mature anthers and identified proteins that were changed by high nitrogen conditions or high nitrogen plus cooling conditions. Proteins were extracted from mature anther samples and separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By comparing anther protein maps of the samples collected from the plants grown under standard nitrogen conditions, high nitrogen conditions and high nitrogen plus cooling conditions, we found 11 protein spots, which varied with the treatment. These protein spots were identified based on the rice proteome database and/or peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) analysis after digestion with trypsin. Digested samples were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time flight mass spectrometry to produce PMF data. Database searches using these PMF data revealed the identities of 9 proteins. Seven of these proteins were polypeptides involved in cell elongation, stress responses and sugar metabolism. The relation between the fluctuations of these proteins and the decrease in pollen germination are discussed.
Qualitative floristic survey and dispersion syndrome of native species of the cerrado

A dispersao de frutos e sementes e um dos diversos processos biologicos e fisicos que ocorrem em florestas, proporcionando a manutencao das populacoes de especies vegetais. Este processo e importante para a reproducao das plantas, sendo que o padrao de dispersao de sementes ajuda na determinacao da area potencial de recrutamento das plantas e tambem serve como base para os processos subsequentes, como competicao, predacao e reproducao. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em Chapadao do Sul, MS, em area de cerrado antropizado. O levantamento floristico foi realizado atraves do metodo de parcelas quadradas, sendo amostrados todos os individuos arboreos com DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito = 1,30m do solo) ≥ 5 cm, que se encontravam dentro das parcelas. Foram marcadas dez parcelas, medindo 20 m de largura por 20 m de comprimento, totalizando 4.000 m 2 amostrados. Atraves desta classificacao foram relacionadas as especies em cada parcela. De todos os individuos amostrados foram coletadas amostras botânicas, montando exsicatas, e enviadas para identificacao das mesmas. Foram encontrados individuos pertencentes a 32 especies e 18 familias botânicas. Das especies amostradas 40,63% apresentavam a anemocoria como estrategia de dispersao de seus frutos e sementes, 21,88% autocoria e 37,5% zoocoria. Apesar da dispersao anemocorica apresentar maior numero de especies, este valor e proximo da dispersao zoocorica, o que pode representar um estabelecimento de relacoes ecologicas entre flora e fauna local.
Development of microsatellite markers for Carapa guianensis (Aublet), a tree species from the Amazon forest

Carapa guianensis is a timber species found in Central America and the north of South America. We have developed microsatellite primers which will allow analysis of gene flow and population genetic structure in natural populations of this tree species. Polymorphism of five microsatellite loci was evaluated using a total of 12 adult trees from a natural population. An average of 4.2 alleles per locus was detected, and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.397 to 0.806. These loci are being used for genetic population analysis in a managed forest in the state of Para, in Amazonian Brazil, as part of the Dendrogene project.
Coating materials for commercial inoculated and coated clover seed

Abstract The effectiveness of lime, rock phosphate-dolomite, gypsum, and thermophos as coating materials for commerically inoculated and coated clover seed oversown on acid, tussock grassland soils was investigated. Lime coating gave a higher establishment of seedlings and more clover growth than any of the other coating materials. anJ is recommended as the commercial coating material for clover seed oversown on acid soils.
Herglotz's Variational Problem for Non-Conservative System with Delayed Arguments under Lagrangian Framework and Its Noether's Theorem

Because Herglotz’s variational problem achieves the variational representation of non-conservative dynamic processes, its research has attracted wide attention. The aim of this paper is to explore Herglotz’s variational problem for a non-conservative system with delayed arguments under Lagrangian framework and its Noether’s theorem. Firstly, we derive the non-isochronous variation formulas of Hamilton–Herglotz action containing delayed arguments. Secondly, for the Hamilton–Herglotz action case, we define the Noether symmetry and give the criterion of symmetry. Thirdly, we prove Herglotz type Noether’s theorem for non-conservative system with delayed arguments. As a generalization, Birkhoff’s version and Hamilton’s version for Herglotz type Noether’s theorems are presented. To illustrate the application of our Noether’s theorems, we give two examples of damped oscillators.
The Impact of Credit on Income Inequality in Vietnam

This paper examines the impacts of credit on income inequality in Vietnam. Though it is one of the most common measures of financial development, there is a dearth of research in this area. Unlike previous studies, the paper disaggregates the impact of each type of credit on income inequality, looking at the Gini coefficient. We employ the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to solve the endogenous problem. The primary data set contains a panel of 60 Provincial observations, from data collected from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2002 to 2016. The empirical findings show that, while commercial credit increases income inequality, policy credit contributes to reducing income inequality in Vietnam. The results also confirm the important roles of education, institutional quality and foreign direct investment in fighting against income inequality in Vietnam. However, the paper does not provide adequate evidence to support the inverted U-shaped relationship between credit and income inequality. Based on the findings, we argue that the government should direct flows of credit to real economic activities rather than speculative investment; more bank credit should be allocated to rural areas and agriculture; and favorable credit programs should be designed to promote education, especially of those living in rural areas.