Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNS Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) Resource Record

The Certification Authority Authorization (CAA) DNS Resource Record allows a DNS domain name holder to specify one or more Certification Authorities (CAs) authorized to issue certificates for that domain. CAA Resource Records allow a public Certification Authority to implement additional controls to reduce the risk of unintended certificate mis-issue. This document defines the syntax of the CAA record and rules for processing CAA records by certificate issuers. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
1114 with postmenopausal osteoporosis , in comparison with a control group ( patients without osteoporosis ) , which suffered a surgical procedure for femoral cervix fracture in the Orthopedic – Traumatology I Clinic of the County Hospital

RANKL and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a mediator system involved in bone resorption and may be responsible for the homeostatic mechanism of normal bone remodeling. The serum levels of both OPG and soluble RANKL (sRANKL), the level of RANKL in primary cultures of osteoblasts, and the bone level of Zn2+ were measured in six women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and three women without osteoporosis (control group). As compared to control cases, patients with less than 15 years of estrogenic deprivation (cohort 1, n=3) presented increased levels of OPG (109.82%, p<0.002), sRANKL (229.13%, p<0.001) and RANKLOBL (272.35%, p<0.001), and decreased levels of Zn2+ (67.81%, p<0.001), whereas patients with more than 15 years of estrogenic deprivation (cohort 2, n=3) showed decreased levels of OPG (70.44%, p<0.003), and Zn2+ (61.41%, p<0.001), and increased levels of sRANKL (181.69%, p<0.002) and RANKLOBL (201.1%, p<0.002). The significantly increased levels of sRANKL and RANKLOBL in postmenopausal osteoporosis demonstrate osteoclastogenesis activation. According to the length of the estrogenic deprivation period, postmenopausal women with osteoporosis presented either increased (cohort 1) or decreased (cohort 2) OPG levels demonstrating osteoblast activation and osteoblast apoptosis stimulation, respectively. The bone levels of Zn2+ were significantly decreased showing limited proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblasts.
Noisy silence

A significant fraction of eukaryotic genomes comprises repetitive sequences, including rRNA genes, centromeres, telomeres, and retrotransposons. Repetitive elements are hotspots for recombination and represent a serious challenge for genome integrity. Maintaining these repeated elements in a compact heterochromatic structure suppresses recombination and unwanted mutagenic transposition, and is therefore indispensable for genomic stability. Paradoxically, repetitive elements are not transcriptionally inert, but produce RNA that has important functions in regulating and reinforcing the heterochromatic state. Here, we review the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes to repetitive genomic loci to establish a repressive chromatin structure that safeguards chromosome integrity and genome stability.
A wealth of tobacco control research in New Zealand: time for the New Zealand Government to do its bit.

AIMS: To investigate views of New Zealand key stakeholders (stakeholders) and smokers on very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes, and a policy mandating that only VLNC cigarettes are available for sale. METHODS: Using a semi-structured interview schedule, we interviewed 17 stakeholders and held focus groups with 21 smokers. Questions were asked about VLNC cigarettes and a VLNC cigarette-only policy. Smokers were given approximately 15 VLNC cigarettes to take home and smoke. One week a er the focus groups, 17 smokers were interviewed. Data were analysed using a general inductive approach. RESULTS: Stakeholders and smokers were largely unconvinced of the value of a mandated reduction in nicotine in cigarettes. A er smoking VLNC cigarettes, smokers had less interest in them but would support them being sold alongside high nicotine content (HNC) cigarettes at a much cheaper price. CONCLUSION: The government is not likely to mandate nicotine reduction in cigarettes if there is a perceived lack of support from stakeholders or smokers. However, they could make VLNC cigarettes available as an option for smokers utilising a di erential tax favouring VLNC cigarettes. If this were combined with better access to nicotine containing e-cigarettes, smokers may shi away from HNC cigarettes. One strategy among many proposed for accelerating reductions in smoking prevalence is reducing nicotine content of tobacco.1 This would expose new smokers to less nicotine, ensuring that they would be less likely to become addicted smokers,2 and current smokers would increase quitting behaviour.1 Very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes with a non-addictive nicotine level are defi ned as <2mg nicotine content and <0.05mg nicotine yield per stick.1 This compares to cigarettes sold in New Zealand, which fall within a range of 5.6–12.4mg nicotine content.3 A policy that only allows VLNC cigarettes to be sold was fi rst proposed in 19944 and then advocated by the American Medical Association.5 Initially, it was proposed that a VLNC cigarette-only strategy should be gradually implemented,5 but the WHO is now recommending that an immediate reduction of nicotine would be a better approach for practical reasons.6 Despite the potential of a VLNC cigarette-only policy, it has not been implemented by any government, indicating it may not be achievable7 and there may be some challenges. The WHO warns that a VLNC cigarette-only policy should not be implemented without capacity for market surveillance and product testing, and suffi cient resources to implement it.6 It is a controversial policy with critics arguing it is ‘de facto prohibition’ of high nicotine content (HNC) cigarettes without acceptable alternatives,8,9 such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Worldwide e-cigarettes are increasing in popularity among smokers10 and have recently been suggested as a viable alternative to tobacco that could be part of a more comprehensive and integrated nicotine policy.2 Concern ARTICLE
Commissural fibers of the macaque thalamus. An experimental study

Studies on the iiiterrela tioii of the btrio-pallidum and the thalamus (Glees, '45) and on the fiber connections of the subtlialaniic region (Glees and Wall, '46) drew our attention to the question of the interthalamic connections. The esperiiiieiital material used in these previous studies provided the basis f o r the present paper on the thalaniic coinmissural system. Fibers of the thalainas crossing the mid-line scarcely exist in man, where a comparatively large third rentricle almost coiiipletely separates the 2 thalami. No attention has been drawn to the existence of these fibers in the macaque brain.
Effects of a High-Fat or High-Sucrose Diet on Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Carcinogenesis and Tumor Growth in Melanin-Possessing Hairless Mice

ABSTRACT We herein compared the effects of the chronic feeding of high-fat (HF), high-sucrose (HS), and low-fat/low-sucrose (control) diets on carcinogenesis following chronic ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation in hairless mice. UVB irradiation-induced carcinogenesis was more prominent in HF diet-fed group than in control diet- and HS diet-fed groups. The HS diet group, as well as the HF diet one, showed tumor development and growth, increased skin matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and blood plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels, and decreased blood leptin and adiponectin levels after long-term UVB irradiation. These changes were smaller in the HS diet group than in the HF diet group. In addition, no difference was noted in the above changes between the control and HS diet groups. The increase induced in adipose tissue weight by the HF diet was markedly reduced by UVB irradiation. This result suggests that the abundant availability of lipids in hypertrophic adipose tissue may be related to tumor incidence and growth through increases in blood PAI-1 and skin MMP-9 expression levels and decreases in blood adiponectin levels by UVB irradiation. In conclusion, HF diet-induced hypertrophic adipose tissue is an important cancer risk factor that promotes UV irradiation-induced carcinogenesis and tumor growth.
Research on mitochondria and aging, 2006–2007

This review focuses on some of the ‘hot topics’ that fall under the general heading ‘mitochondria and aging’. For each selected topic, we highlight recent publications that have either addressed specific problems within the field or presented novel findings of interest regarding the links between mitochondria and aging. These include studies on the structure of complex I and the mechanisms of superoxide production by this complex; work showing a novel site of hydrogen peroxide production within mitochondria that is modulated by caloric restriction; explorations of the relationship between the rate of evolution of mitochondrial DNA and lifespan; a demonstration that mitochondrial DNA mutations do not limit lifespan in mice; and investigations of the effects of mitochondrial fission on aging. We also list other relevant articles of interest and suggest some key challenges for the field in the near future.
Polarization force on a charged particulate in a nonuniform plasma.

The force on a charged particulate or ``dust grain'' in a plasma is derived in the presence of a density gradient and an externally applied electric field. The Debye sheath around the particulate is usually deformed (i.e., polarized) under such conditions, and exerts a force on the particulate. This sheath-polarization force is always in the direction of decreasing Debye length, regardless of the sign of the particulate charge. The magnitude of the polarization force is estimated under typical glow discharge conditions.
Long‐term variation in fruiting and the food habits of wild Japanese nacaques on Kinkazan Island, northern Japan

We studied the relationship between the food habits of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and the availability of nuts (Fagus crenata, Zelkova serrata, Carpinus spp., and Torreya nucifera) on Kinkazan Island, northern Japan, from 1997 to 2005 to examine the long‐term variations in both food habits and availability. The food habits of the monkeys showed clear seasonal changes: the staple foods were woody leaves and flowers in spring (May and June), woody leaves and seeds or fruits other than nuts in summer (July and August), nuts and seeds or fruits other than nuts in fall (September–November), and herbaceous plants in winter (December–April). The availability of nuts, combinations of masting species, and energy production varied among years. Food habits varied among years, but the magnitude of variability of food habits differed among seasons, with large variability during summer and winter, and small variability in spring. Food availability was poor in summer and winter, but in several years the monkeys were able to consume nuts during those seasons. We emphasize the importance of conducting long‐term studies on both food availability and the food habits of animals in the temperate zone. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1068–1080, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are the most common type of spinal vascular malformation. The arteriovenous shunts, located entirely outside the spinal cord, cause a clinical picture of chronic progressive myelopathy believed to arise from the effects of increased venous pressure and impaired venous drainage on the spinal cord. Despite their well-described clinical and angiographic features, no reports have documented the spinal cord pathology in a case of angiographically or pathologically proven SDAVF. We report such a patient in whom a spinal cord biopsy supported increased venous pressure as a mechanism of neurologic dysfunction.
Ugandan authorities deal with a mysterious ailment that leaves people nodding continuously

Ugandan health authorities have launched strategies to deal with a strange disease that has left dozens of people dead in the north of the country and 3000 others, mostly children, nodding continuously. The ailment, which was first detected in 2009, has mostly affected people in the three districts of Kitgum, Lamwo, and Pader but has also spread in recent weeks to two other districts of Agago and Amuru. Those affected become severely weak, have trembling …
Treatment outcomes in patients with Internet Addiction and anxiety

OBJETIVO: Investigar a eficacia de tratamento para dependencia de internet e transtornos de ansiedade, utilizando terapia cognitivo comportamental combinada com medicacao, e analisar a relacao entre ansiedade e dependencia de internet. METODO: Ensaio clinico aberto realizado no Laboratorio de Pânico e Respiracao no Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) com 84 pacientes (42 do grupo com comorbidades e 42 do grupo sem comorbidades) que procuravam tratamento para transtornos de ansiedade e/ou dependencia de internet. Os sujeitos responderam ao MINI Entrevista Neuropsiquiatrica Internacional 5.0; a Escala Hamilton de Ansiedade (HAM-A), a Escala Hamilton de Depressao (HDRS), a Escala Clinica de Impressao Global de Severidade e de Melhora (CGI-S e CGI-I) e a Escala de Dependencia de Internet de Young (IAT). Os pacientes com apenas dependencia de internet receberam psicoeducacao sobre o uso consciente da internet e biblioterapia, e foram considerados o grupo sem comorbidades, enquanto que, os pacientes com transtornos de ansiedade e dependencia de internet foram encaminhados para o tratamento medicamentoso e psicoterapia. RESULTADOS: Tanto a dependencia de internet quanto a ansiedade diminuiram apos o tratamento, a media da HAM-A no grupo com comorbidades no inicio foi de 33,9 ± 7,6, sugerindo ansiedade grave e ao final do tratamento foi de 15 ± 5,1, sugerindo uma significativa melhora. A media de dependencia de internet obtida na IAT no inicio do tratamento foi de 67.8 ± 9.0 e ao final da psicoterapia a maioria dos participantes apresentou media de 37.7 ± 11.4 indicando uma melhora notavel. CONCLUSAO: A relacao entre ansiedade e dependencia de internet existe e e forte.
Cholesterol Is Sequestered in the Brains of Mice with Niemann‐Pick Type C Disease but Turnover Is Increased

In Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease, the concentration of cholesterol increases with age in every tissue except the brain. This study investigates whether accumulation of cholesterol might also occur within the cells of the central nervous system (CNS), but be obscured by the simultaneous loss of sterol from myelin as neurodegeneration proceeds. At birth, when there is little myelin in the CNS, the concentration of cholesterol is significantly elevated in every region of the brain in the homozygous NPC mouse. At 7 wk of age, myelination is nearly complete. In the NPC mouse, however, there is striking neurodegeneration and a reduction in both myelin protein and myelin cholesterol. Furthermore, net loss of cholesterol from the CNS is much higher in the NPC mouse than in the control animal (2.23 versus 1.37 mg/day per kg) so that the concentration of sterol in most regions of the brain is reduced. This neurodegeneration and loss of myelin cholesterol is not prevented by deletion of either the low-density lipoprotein receptor or apolipoprotein E in the NPC animal. Thus, the cholesterol sequestration seen in every organ in NPC disease also occurs in cells of the CNS and may be etiologically related to the neurodegeneration.
Mc2 Receptor Knockdown Modulates Differentiation and Lipid Composition in Adipocytes

Abstract The melanocortin system is involved in central and peripheral regulation of energy homeostasis. In adipocytes, the melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) transmits ACTH-dependent signaling and its expression rises substantially during adipocyte differentiation. An in vitro system of retrovirally expressed shRNA directed against Mc2r mRNA in 3T3-L1 cells was established and effects of Mc2r knockdown (kd) in comparison to cells expressing non-targeting shRNA (control) were explored in differentiated adipocytes. Morphology, gene expression, lipolysis and fatty acid composition were analyzed. While gross morphology was unchanged extractable amount of lipids was reduced to 70–80% in kd cell lines (p<0.01). Moreover, expression changes of Pparγ2, aP2, and Pref1 indicated reduced differentiation in Mc2r kd cells. Intriguingly, not only ACTH, but also norepinephrine stimulated lipolysis were substantially reduced demonstrating functional significance of MC2R for general lipolysis pathway. Analysis of fatty acid composition in triglyceride and phospholipid fractions showed a lowered ratio of C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0, but increased concentrations of arachidonic acid upon Mc2r knockdown. Reduction of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was associated with lower expression of stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 and 2 in kd cells (21±8% vs. 100±13%, p=0.01 and 32±3% vs. 100±15%, p=0.046). Conversely, high doses of ACTH resulted in gene expression changes, mirroring Mc2r knockdown (higher Pparγ2, Scd1, Hsl expression). MC2R plays an important role for regular lipolytic function and lipid composition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Of interest, desaturase expression was reduced and MUFA content accordingly altered in kd cells.
Diffusion of Nanoparticles in Biofilms Is Altered by Bacterial Cell Wall Hydrophobicity

ABSTRACT Diffusion of entities inside biofilm triggers most mechanisms involved in biofilm-specific phenotypes. Using genetically engineered hydrophilic and hydrophobic cells of Lactococcus lactis yielding similar biofilm architectures, we demonstrated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy that bacterial surface properties affect diffusion of nanoparticles through the biofilm matrix.
A mechanical model to investigate the role of the nucleus during confined cell migration

Cell migration in confinement plays a fundamental role in biological processes such as embryogenesis, immune response and tumorogenesis. Specifically, tumor cells continuously adapt their migratory behaviour to their environment. Therefore, it has become timely and essential for diagnostic purposes to quantitatively evaluate the cell deformability in confinement. Here, we propose a two-dimensional mechanical model to simulate the migration of a HeLa cell through a microchannel. We will evaluate both the invasiveness of the cell and the mechanical forces exerted by the cell according to the surrounding microstructure.
Mining more Gold From Web Page Hyperlinks

The development of the Internet has boosted prosperity of the World Wide Web, which is now a huge information source. Because of characteristics of the web, in most cases, traditional databasebased technologies are no longer suitable for web information retrieval and management. To effectively manage web information, it is necessary to reveal intrinsic relationships/structures among web information objects by eliminating noise factors. This paper proposes a mechanism that could be widely used in information processing, including web information processing and noise factor elimination for getting more intrinsic relationships. As an application case of this mechanism, one relevant web page finding algorithm is proposed to uncover intrinsic relationship among web pages from their hyperlink patterns, and find more semantic relevant web pages. The experimental evaluation shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm and demonstrates the potential of the proposed mechanism in web applications.
On Searching the Model Parameters Of Digital Waveguide Filters By Using Error Backpropagation Methods

Digital Waveguide Filter technology has been widely used in the model-based electronic music synthesis. However, it is sometimes difficult to obtain the appropriate model parameters so that the synthetic results can sound like tones produced by any particular instruments. In this paper, we employ an algorithm called “Error Backpropagation” which is used for the supervised training for Neural Networks to search for the model parameters for plucked acoustic strings. Before the training process, we build a measurement device for string vibrations and the measured data is used as the training vector. Experiments show that the synthetic outputs produced by the resultant Digital Waveguide Filter are quite close to the measured data. Future works are also suggested in this paper.
The assessment of non‐inferiority in a gold standard design with censored, exponentially distributed endpoints

The objective of this paper is to develop statistical methodology for non‐inferiority hypotheses to censored, exponentially distributed time to event endpoints. Motivated by a recent clinical trial in depression, we consider a gold standard design where a test group is compared with an active reference and with a placebo group. The test problem is formulated in terms of a retention of effect hypothesis. Thus, the proposed Wald‐type test procedure assures that the effect of the test group is better than a pre‐specified proportion Δ of the treatment effect of the reference group compared with the placebo group. A sample size allocation rule to achieve optimal power is presented, which only depends on the pre‐specified Δ and the probabilities for the occurrence of censoring. In addition, a pretest is presented for either the reference or the test group to ensure assay sensitivity in the complete test procedure. The actual type I error and the sample size formula of the proposed tests are explored asymptotically by means of a simulation study showing good small sample characteristics. To illustrate the procedure a randomized, double blind clinical trial in depression is evaluated. An R‐package for implementation of the proposed tests and for sample size determination accompanies this paper on the author's web page. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Treatment by bloodletting in the past and present].

INTRODUCTION Therapeutic bloodletting has been practiced at least 3000 years as one of the most frequent methods of treatment in general, whose value was not questioned until the 19th century, when it was gradually abandoned in Western medicine, while it is still practiced in Arabic and traditional Chinese medicine. CONTENT In modern medicine bloodletting is practiced for very few indications. Its concept was modeled on the process of menstrual bleeding, for which it was believed to"purge women of bad humours. "Thus, bloodletting was based more on the belief that it helps in the reestablishment of proper balance of body "humours" than on the opinion that it serves to remove excessive amount of blood as well as to remove toxic "pneumas" that accumulate in human body. It was indicated for almost all known diseases, even in the presence of severe anemia. Bloodletting was carried out by scarification with cupping, by phlebotomies (venesections), rarely by arteriotomies, using specific instruments called lancets, as well as leeches. In different periods of history bloodletting was practiced by priests, doctors, barbers, and even by amateurs. In most cases, between one half of liter and two liters of blood used to be removed. Bloodletting was harmful to vast majority of patients and in some of them it is believed that it was either fatal or that it strongly contributed to such outcome. In the 20th century in the "Western"medicine bloodletting was still practiced in the treatment of hypertension and in severe cardiac insufficiency and pulmonary edema, but these indications were later abandoned. CONCLUSION Bloodletting is still indicated for a few indications such as polycythemia, haemochromatosis, and porphyria cutanea tarda, while leeches are still used in plastic surgery, replantation and other reconstructive surgery, and very rarely for other specific indications.