Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Fostering: The Mitochondrial Genome May Play a Role in Plant Orphan Gene Evolution

Plant mitochondrial genomes exhibit odd evolutionary patterns. They have a high rearrangement but low mutation rate, and a large size. Based on massive mitochondrial DNA transfers to the nucleus as well as the mitochondrial unique evolutionary traits, we propose a “Mitochondrial Fostering” theory where the organelle genome plays an integral role in the arrival and development of orphan genes (genes with no homologues in other lineages). Two approaches were used to test this theory: 1) bioinformatic analysis of nuclear mitochondrial DNA (Numts: mitochondrial originating DNA that has migrated to the nucleus) at the genome level, and 2) bioinformatic analysis of particular orphan sequences present in both the mitochondrial genome and the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. One study example is given about one orphan sequence that codes for two unique orphan genes: one in the mitochondrial genome and another one in the nuclear genome. DNA alignments show regions of this A. thaliana orphan sequence exist scattered throughout other land plant mitochondrial genomes. This is consistent with the high recombination rates of mitochondrial genomes in land plants. This may also enable the creation of novel coding sequences within the orphan loci, which can then be transferred to the nuclear genome and become exposed to new evolutionary pressures. Our study also reveals a high correlation between mitochondrial DNA rate transferred to the nuclear genome and number of orphan genes in land plants. All the data suggests the mitochondrial genome may play a role in nuclear orphan gene evolution in land plants.
Assessing the effect of landscape features on pond colonisation by an elusive amphibian invader using environmental DNA

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming an essential tool for detecting aquatic invasive species and investigating their spread. Surprisingly, this technique has been very rarely used to investigate habitat selection, site occupancy, and colonisation despite its higher capacity to detect many species. The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) is a principally aquatic amphibian introduced in several continents from South Africa. In western France, no recent systematic survey of the invasion range has been attempted, mainly because of the elusive nature of the species. Furthermore, the influence of landscape features on invasion has never been investigated, even if adults and juveniles are known to disperse overland and along river networks. Using presence–absence data generated by an eDNA survey conducted across the known invasion front of X. laevis in western France, we aimed to determine whether and how the landscape features surrounding a pond influence the probability that a pond is colonised. Xenopus laevis was detected well beyond the formerly known invasive distribution and at the outward end of some transects, suggesting that we did not reach the actual invasion front in these parts of the range. The landscape variables that best predicted the presence of X. laevis in a pond were topographic wetness index and grass cover within a buffer of 250 m. Higher values of both topographic wetness index and grass cover were negatively related to the occurrence probability. The effects of these two variables more likely to reflect dispersal behaviour than habitat preferences at the pond scale. By combining the high detection probability of eDNA survey techniques and a landscape ecology approach, we may gain valuable insight into the colonisation process of water bodies by elusive invasive species. Such information is crucial to prevent access to specific sites and locate invasion front areas where connectivity can be disrupted, thus increasing the effectiveness of management countermeasures.
FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFAVIRENZ TABLETS BY PAPER TECHNIQUE USING CO-SOLVENCY METHOD

Objective: The present study is to formulate and development of efavirenz tablets by paper technique using the co-solvency method, the drug is antiviral drug used for the treatment of HIV. Methods: In this 7 formulation (F1-F7) were prepared by using different tissue papers like kitchen roll paper, hand kercheif paper, facial tissue paper, with different weights. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, content uniformity, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution study. Results: Among all the formulations, F2 (kicthen roll paper with weight 250 mg) was consired to be the best formulation, which release up to 98.02% drug in 3 h. The results of stability studies of formulation F2 after a period of 2 mo indicated that the formulation was stable. Conclusion: It was concluted that a paper tablet of efavirenz shows better results and it does not contain any excipient and increase the dissolution rate.
Design optimization for torque density in brushless DC motor with IPM V-type using PSO Method

The analysis model is the first stage used to determine the design parameters of the motor. It is coupled with an optimization method to find a combination of design parameters. The purpose of this paper is optimizing the torque density of the Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor with Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) V-type. The reference design is 3-phase and 12/8 pole BLDC motor with a concentrated winding. To obtain this optimal design, this is done by eliminating the rotor area that is not covered by magnetic flux without reducing the main performance of the motor. Elimination area prediction refers to initial motor design simulation which is operated on rating condition. Mathematical modeling is based on the 2-D finite element analysis (FEA) using software Ansys Maxwell. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with multi-objective function has been applied to determine the area of the rotor structure to be eliminated, resulting in an optimal torque-density design. Matlab code is also included to execute the optimization algorithm. Excitation uses the ideal sinusoidal signal by ignoring harmonic distortion. This paper features a new optimal design for IPM by considering torque density, cogging torque, harmonic distortion in back-electromagnetic force (back-EMF), and material demagnetization constraints using PSO. Quality of PSO optimization can be proven by increasing the torque density without compromising the main performance of the motor compared with FEA. With this method also provide disadvantage, such as the cost of production is more expensive because it should add a profile of the rotor mold.
Statistical Extraction of Normally and Lognormally Distributed Model Parameters for Power MOSFETs

In this paper, we propose a new statistical model parameter extraction method for compact power device models. While existing parameter extraction methods are only applicable for the parameters that follow normal distributions, the proposed method can simultaneously incorporate the model parameters that follow lognormal distributions. In addition, a set of dominant model parameters, which largely contributes to the characteristic variation of power MOSFETs, has been studied on the basis of the proposed statistical parameter modeling. Through the numerical analysis upon measured drain currents of planar and trench SiC power MOSFETs, we demonstrate that the fluctuation of the current characteristics can be represented by a small number of dominant parameters. In our example, threshold voltage and current scaling factor are identified to be particularly important to approximate the fluctuation of the current characteristics in both structures.
Autoimmune Diseases : Role of CD 4 + T cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by synovial inflammation leading to bone erosion and to systemic manifestations in patients with long RA duration. Although the aetiology is unknown, several observations make currently clear that CD4 T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis: (1) RA associates with certain polymorphisms of HLA class II molecules, and (2) the repertoire and aging of CD4 T cells as well as the intracellular signalling mediating CD4 T cell activation are altered in RA patients. We describe herein the alterations found in CD4 T cells and the role of these cells in the development and progression of RA.
From 'No, she does' to 'Yes, she does' : on the conceptual changes in the processing of negative yes-no questions by Chinese-English bilinguals

Negation in English and Mandarin Chinese exhibit a peculiar difference. In response to negative yes-no questions (e.g. Doesn’t she like cats? ), the typical English answers (->Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t) substantially vary from those in Chinese (->No, she does/Yes, she doesn’t). What are the processing consequences of these markedly different conventionalised linguistic responses to achieve the same communicative goals? Is this crosslinguistic variation associated with measurably different cognitive demands when English and Chinese speakers process negation in a nonverbal context? Does L1 linguistic patterns influence L2 expression? If so, do they also change thinking that goes beyond overt language use in bilinguals? These questions are addressed here with innovative verbal and nonverbal experiments. The findings suggest language-specific processing of negation, and are interpreted as novel support for linguistic relativity. The results also suggest that the ways in which bilinguals process negative questions changed their L1-based habitual processing of negation in a nonverbal context.
Genome-wide expression analysis of immune receptors in hot pepper reveals an autonomous NLR cluster in higher plants

Plants possess hundreds of intracellular immune receptors encoding nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. Autoactive NLRs, in some cases, a specific domain of NLR, induce plant cell death in absence of pathogen infection. In this study, we identified a group of NLRs (G10) carrying autoactive coiled-coil (CC) domains in pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. CM334) by genome-wide transient expression analysis. The G10-CC-mediated cell death mimics the HR cell death triggered by interaction between NLR and effecter. Sequence alignment and mutagenesis analyses revealed that the intact form of α1 helix in G10-CC domain is critical for both G10-CC- and R gene-mediated HR cell death. We also found that G10-CCs are localized in plasma membrane as like the Arabidopsis singleton NLR ZAR1. Extended studies revealed that the G10-CCs in other Solanaceae plants including tomato, potato, and tobacco as well as a monocot plant, rice induce cell death by heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, the cell death induced by G10-CCs does not require known helper NLRs, implying that G10-NLRs are novel singleton NLRs. Our studies not only uncover the general function of CNL-induced cell death throughout mono- and dicot plants but also provides powerful resources to dissect the underlying molecular mechanism of NLR-mediated cell death in plants.
Undescended testis: timing of referral and surgical intervention, Urology Center, Benghazi, Libya

BACKGROUND: Undescended testis (UDT) is the failure of testes to descend into the scrotum. It is classified according to the site of arrest into; Intra-abdominal, deep inguinal ring, canalicular, or emergent from the superficial inguinal ring. The diagnosis of UDT is mainly clinical and its treatment is usually surgical. The aim of our study is to analyze age distribution at the time of diagnosis and treatment to determine if the international guideline recommendations are followed in our institution or not. PATIENTS & METHODS: A retrospective study was carried at Urological Center by reviewing the files of 75 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital in the period from July 2011 to April 2014. A data flow sheet was used to record and analyze the patients' personal data, age at diagnosis, physical findings, type of surgical procedure, and the age of the patients at the time of surgery, as well as surgical findings. RESULTS: Total number of patients enrolled in the study was 75 patients. Fifty-two cases were diagnosed at birth, 14 cases discovered incidentally, and 9 cases were presented with reducible inguinal swelling with or without pain. The 75 patients had 93 UDTs, 49 UDTs on right side and 44 UDTs on left side. Sixty-nine UDTs were clinically palpable while the other 24 UDTs were not palpable (74.2% and 25.8% respectively). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 3.7 ± 8.3 years. However, the mean age at the time of surgery was 10.8 ± 10 years. The surgical procedures performed were: orchiopexy (n=58, 62.3 %,), orchiopexy combined with ipsilateral hernial repair (n=16, 17.2%) and orchiectomy (n=19, 20.4%). CONCLUSION: In our institution, the mean age at orchiopexy was significantly delayed beyond the recommended time of surgery because of delayed diagnosis or referral.
Bubble Rise Velocity and Surface Mobility in Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and n-Propanol

Aqueous solutions of simple alcohols exhibit many anomalies, one of which is a change in the mobility of the bubble surface. This work aimed to determine the effect of the presence of another surface-active agent on bubble rise velocity and bubble surface mobility. The motion of the spherical bubble in an aqueous solution of n-propanol and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was monitored by a high-speed camera. At low alcohol concentrations (xP < 0.01), both the propanol and SDS molecules behaved as surfactants, the surface tension decreased and the bubble surface was immobile. The effect of the SDS diminished with increasing alcohol concentrations. In solutions with a high propanol content (xP > 0.1), the SDS molecules did not adsorb to the phase interface and thus, the surface tension of the solution was not reduced with the addition of SDS. Due to the rapid desorption of propanol molecules from the bottom of the bubble, a surface tension gradient was not formed. The drag coefficient can be calculated using formulas for the mobile surface of a spherical bubble.
Social Responsibility and Consensus Orientation in Public Governance: a Content Analysis

Over the past two decades, social responsibility (SR) has become a key principle of many private sector entities that aim for business excellence. Similarly, in the public sector, the latest public governance models (PGMs) are based on the selected public governance principles (e.g. consensus orientation, participation, equity and inclusiveness) directed at connecting and including all types of stakeholders in decision-making and carrying out the activities of public sector organisations. Yet, there is insufficient reliable empirical evidence with respect to the relationship between social responsibility and the underlying principles of PGMs. The principal goal of the article is thus to identify the relationship between the concept of social responsibility and consensus orientation, which is one of the main theoretically and practically grounded principles of PGMs. This goal is addressed by applying the QDA Miner software package and analysing the contents of the 100 most relevant scientific papers from the Web of Science database. Specifically, the relationship between occurrence of the ‘consensus orientation’ principle and SR is identified and quantified, revealing the importance of the latter. Moreover, different PGMs are analysed in terms of consensus orientation and SR enforcement, providing tangible guidelines to help advance theory and practice in the domain of public governance.
Engineering analysis in manufacturing process of Nori made from mixture of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp

A research had been conducted regarding the drying of nori made from local seaweed of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp. The drying process was carried out at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C using mechanical dryer. Drying rate was evaluated with four thin layer drying models, namely Henderson and Pubis, Lewis, Page and Modified Page. The most suitable model is determined from the the highest R2 value and lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. The results indicated that nori could be made from local seaweed of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp with a specific method and composition. Drying rate of local nori showed a long constant drying period as compared to it’s falling rate period. Drying rate increased and drying time decreased as the drying temperature increased. The highest drying rate is obtained at 70°C and the Page model was found to be the best suitable model to describe nori drying characteristics.
Encountering New Risks in Educating Children in the Contemporary Society

This chapter assesses the phenomenon of cyberbullying as a risk involved in educating children in the contemporary world. While online technologies become a vital part of teenagers' worlds, cyberbullying is becoming a significant problem. In this chapter, cyberbullying is regarded as a social issue that builds on the existing social structures and hierarchies inherent in societies. A sociological perspective is used in analyzing bullying and cyberbullying in relation to power, various forms of capital, and the gender order. The discussion also takes a critical stance and focus on technology as a social construct. Cyberbullying studies conducted in Turkey, which is defined as a ‘lower use, some risk' country for children and prevention strategies against cyberbullying will also be subject to analysis in this chapter. This discussion proposes that a sociological analysis of the underlying mechanisms will be useful in establishing a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of cyberbullying as a social issue.
A Distributed EV Navigation Strategy Considering the Interaction Between Power System and Traffic Network

Increasing number of drivers are switching to electric vehicles (EV) for higher efficiency, lower environmental impact and less maintenance cost. To promote the EV revolution, charging issues of EVs needs to be well addressed. Since the traffic flow of the transportation network and the operating conditions of the power systems are time-varying, it is important to implement real-time charging navigation for EV drivers. In this paper, a novel navigation approach is proposed to search the fast charging station with the lowest overall objective, which consists both of the time consumption and the financial cost. The traffic condition and distribution system loading level are reflected by the time consumption on each road section and locational marginal price (LMP) at each fast charging station, respectively. The LMP can act as a signal to divert the EV load and thus relieve the traffic and power line congestions. The proposed navigation approach is based on the multi-agent system framework utilizing the distributed min/max- consensus and the biased min consensus algorithms. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed navigation approach in different scales of systems.
Revenue volatility and forecast errors: evidence from Korean local governments

ABSTRACT We empirically analysed the effects of revenue volatility on forecast errors using a panel data set of Korean local governments over the period 2002–2016. Panel data analyses, conducted for acquisition tax, local education tax, and total tax revenue, found that revenue volatility has statistically significant and consistent effects on forecast errors. These findings carry both theoretical and policy implications. In theoretical terms, they suggest that when identifying factors influencing forecast errors, one should take revenue volatility into account, in addition to the economic, organisational, and political factors that have been considered by previous studies. In terms of policy implications, in order to improve the accuracy of revenue forecasts, local tax administrators should analyse the cyclical variability of each tax and reflect the results in the forecasting models.
The Neural Basis of Religious Cognition

Religion’s neural underpinnings have long been a topic of speculation and debate, but an emerging neuroscience of religion is beginning to clarify which regions of the brain integrate moral, ritual, and supernatural religious beliefs with functionally adaptive responses. Here, we review evidence indicating that religious cognition involves a complex interplay among the brain regions underpinning cognitive control, social reasoning, social motivations, and ideological beliefs.
Integrated HIV programming: Effectiveness and lessons learned from a literature synthesis.

To better understand how integrated programming within HIV can impact health outcomes K4Health conducted literature scans to produce a synthesis of the literature. The integration of HIV prevention care and treatment into existing health services has tremendous potential to strengthen systems improve efficiencies ensure sustainability and broaden the impact of health investments. Implementation details should be well articulated so that others can replicate or adapt integration approaches.
fqfa: A pure Python package for genomic sequence files

Modern bioinformatics requires the use of many field-specific file formats. Two of the most prevalent formats for representing biological sequences are FASTA (Pearson & Lipman, 1988) and FASTQ (Cock, Fields, Goto, Heuer, & Rice, 2010). While multiple feature-rich Python bioinformatics libraries exist that can process biological sequence files (Cock et al., 2009; scikit-bio Development Team, 2013), they require complex compiled dependencies that may limit their use in non-Unix environments. Other FASTA or FASTQ specific Python libraries (Du, 2019; Hunt, 2013; Pedersen, 2010; Shirley, Ma, Pedersen, & Wheelan, 2015) are outdated, require runtime dependencies, or make heavy use of C extensions that prioritize speed over readability and portability.
Tunable Tamm states at the interface of a 1D graphene-based photonic crystal and a nonlinear dielectric slab

We investigate the dispersion of the Tamm states at the interface of a 1D graphene-based photonic crystal and a nonlinear dielectric slab. We use the nonlinear transfer matrix method to obtain the dispersion of the Tamm states in both the graphene induced and Bragg gaps in the terahertz region. We explore the spectral tunability of the surface modes by adjusting parameters such as the thickness of the nonlinear slab, the intensity of the surface modes, and the chemical potential of graphene layers. We reveal that the penetration depth of the graphene induced bandgap modes in the uniform environment is several times greater than that of the conventional Bragg gap modes. Also, it is shown that we can improve the penetration depth of the surface modes by adjusting the thickness of the nonlinear slab, the intensity of the Tamm states, or the chemical potential of the graphene layers.
Review Analyzing System using Lexicon Based Approach

-------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - E-Commerce allows us to interact with various product suppliers and buy various products from all over the world. There are various sites providing online facilities to both buyer and seller of product. In today ’ s world quality of the product play major role and user must be satisfied with the product. Advantage of using this approach in the E-Commerce site is to provide the user guarantee about the product before buying it. This will help the customer to identify right product and buy it after verifying the product.Reviewer of the product are important who will help to identify the customer as well as site owner to manage the buying or visibility of the product. By applying technique will help to determine the opinion of the previous buyer as well as aware new customer while purchasing the product by providing rating of the product. Through this customer,product seller and web manager all will get analyzation of product.