Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring impacts and effectiveness of the City of Cape Town’s interventions on household water use practices during the drought

iv LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF ACRONYMS . ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Aim and objectives . 5 1.2. Thesis outline . 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 CHAPTER THREE: CoCT’s ACTIONS FOR MANAGING WATER CRISIS IN CAPE TOWN. 11 CHAPTER FOUR: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK . 16 CHAPTER FIVE: METHODS . 20 5.1. Data collection . 20 5.2. 1. Interviews . 21 5.2. Data analysis . 24 5.3. Ethical considerations . 26 CHAPTER SIX: RESULTS . 27 6.1. CoCT’s actions (materials) for managing the water crisis . 27 6.1.1. Understanding of the CoCT’s actions, what they were and when they were implemented . 27 6.2. Meanings, interpretations and effectiveness of the CoCT’s actions . 30 6.2. 1. CoCT’s actions and respondents’ interpretation . 30 6.2. 2. Effectiveness of CoCT’s actions to encourage sustainable household water use practices.34
INFLUENCE OF THE EXOTIC INVASIVE CRUCIFER, LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM, ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND ELEMENTAL CYCLING

Plant species and plant communities can alter element cycling promoting divergent pathways of soil development. We hypothesized that the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium, altered biogeochemical cycling relative to pre-existing vegetation such that sodium-affected subsoils are ameliorated. We tested this hypothesis at the Fleming unit within the Honey Lake Wildlife Refuge in northeastern California by comparing the distribution and cycling of various elements in paired L. latifolium invaded and noninvaded sites occupied by Elytrigia elongata. Soils are fine, smectitic, calcareous, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls. In 1998, per unit area, live biomass of L. latifolium was more than 3 times greater than that of E. elongata. Content of C, Ca, Mg, K, and S in aboveground tissue of L. latifolium was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater than content in E. elongata. Biogeochemical fluxes of C, N, P, Ca, Mg, and S were from 3 to 11 times greater in L. latifolium-occupied areas than in E. elongata-occupied areas. L. latifolium invasion fostered elevated soil solution levels of Mg+2 and Ca+2, thereby reducing sodium adsorption ratios that could lead to sodic soil amelioration. Invasion by L. latifolium has the potential to alter soil properties and processes, thereby altering the trajectory of soil evolution.
Gas dynamics and electromagnetic processes in high-current arc plasmas. Part II. Effects of external magnetic fields and gassing materials

Arc plasmas in switching devices are investigated in the presence of external and self-induced magnetic fields, as well as of gassing materials, using a three-dimensional computational model. The model development and validation for two- and three-dimensional arc columns with a self-induced magnetic field and natural-convection effects was presented in L. Z. Schlitz et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 85, 2540 (1999)]. The present paper discusses further development of the model to enable an investigation of the effects of external magnetic fields and the presence of gassing materials. Steady-state solutions with an external transverse magnetic field (0–20 mT) imposed on a wall-stabilized air arc column are presented, followed by a study of the transient response of the arc in an open-ended arc chamber in a 0.68 ms time span. Ablation from the side walls of the arc chamber made of gassing materials (and the resulting mixing of hydrogen and air) is shown to increase the arc voltage dramatically due to the increase in h.
Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Progressive Training with Capsaicin on Changes in PGC-1α and UPC-1 Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Rats With Diet

* Corresponding Author: Ahmad Abdi, PhD. Address: Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran. Tel: +98 (911) 3001960 E-mail: a.abdi58@gmail.com 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran. 2Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran Maryam Mostafavian1 , *Ahmad Abdi1 , Javad Mehrabani1 , Alireza Barari2
Blockchain Technology for Cloud Storage

The demand for Blockchain innovation and the significance of its application has inspired ever-progressing exploration in various scientific and practical areas. Even though it is still in the initial testing stage, the blockchain is being viewed as a progressive solution to address present-day technology concerns, such as decentralization, identity, trust, character, ownership of data, and information-driven choices. Simultaneously, the world is facing an increase in the diversity and quantity of digital information produced by machines and users. While effectively looking for the ideal approach to storing and processing cloud data, the blockchain innovation provides significant inputs. This article reviews the application of blockchain technology for securing cloud storage.
Efficient energy storage capabilities promoted by hierarchical MnCo2O4 nanowire-based architectures

A facile, two-step hydrothermal/calcination approach to grow uniform MnCo2O4 nanowires (NWs) on a binder- and conductive-agent-free nickel foam substrate has been demonstrated. The hierarchical MnCo2O4 NW-based architectures on a conductive substrate allow for enhanced electrolyte transport and charge transfer towards/from the MnCo2O4 NWs' surfaces with large numbers of electroactive sites. In addition, the direct growth and attachment of the MnCo2O4 NWs on the supporting conductive substrates provide much reduced contact resistances and efficient charge transfer. These excellent features allow the use of MnCo2O4 NWs as a lithium-ion battery electrode, with high capacity at a current density of 200 mA h g−1, as well as a very good cycling stability. Moreover, these MnCo2O4 NWs have also demonstrated a high capacitive behavior for symmetric supercapacitor application, indicating the potential application of MnCo2O4 NW high-performance energy-storage devices.
Board Education, Growth and Performance of Family CEO Listed Firms in Malaysia

This paper examines the relationship between board education, board size, growth, ownership and firm performance of family CEO and nonfamily CEO listed firms in Malaysia. A sample of 37 firms and data were collected over a period of five years from 2012 to 2016. The 37 samples of family firms were subdivided into family CEO (21), and non-family CEO (16) firms. The independent variables were board education as measured by the proportion of board degrees (BDEG) and the proportion of board professional qualifications (BPRO), board size (BSIZE), growth, and ownership. Meanwhile, firm performance was measured by using return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). The findings showed that there was a significant difference between family CEO and non-family CEO firms at a five percent level for board professional qualifications confirming that altruism and nepotism were observed among family members which supported the argument of characteristics of nepotism such as granting jobs to family members regardless of merit. In addition, this study also found board professional qualifications as significant but negatively related to external firm performance in family CEO firms. This showed that board education has not really been emphasized among board members. Besides, growth has significant influence on family firm performance which is evidently reflected in their contribution to the country’s GDP.
Breastmilk: A Source of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgA Antibodies

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many put their hopes in the rapid development of effective immunizations. As this intervention will not be available on a short notice, patient isolation, physical distancing, protective materials and good hygiene are currently the sole measures for prevention. Here we provide multiple lines of evidence on the presence of a variety of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present in breastmilk from mothers who have recovered from COVID-19, with no such antibodies present in the controls. These antibodies are capable of neutralizing a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro . We furthermore show that high pressure pasteurization hardly affects antibody levels and efficacy. We hypothesize that breastmilk, obtained from mothers who have recovered from COVID-19, may serve as a safe and widely applicable preventive strategy. Trial Registration: This research project was registered at the Dutch Trial Register on May 1st, 2020, number: NL 8575 Funding Statement: The study was funded by de Stichting Steun Emma Kinderziekenhuis. No payment by a pharmaceutical company or other agency was made. Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Ethics Approval Statement: Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Testing Relative to Usage Scope

Coverage criteria provide a useful and widely used means to guide software testing; however, indiscriminately pursuing full coverage may not always be convenient or meaningful, as not all entities are of interest in any usage context. We aim at introducing a more meaningful notion of coverage that takes into account how the software is going to be used. Entities that are not going to be exercised by the user should not contribute to the coverage ratio. We revisit the definition of coverage measures, introducing a notion of relative coverage. According to this notion, we provide a definition and a theoretical framework of relative coverage, within which we discuss implications on testing theory and practice. Through the evaluation of three different instances of relative coverage, we could observe that relative coverage measures provide a more effective strategy than traditional ones: we could reach higher coverage measures, and test cases selected by relative coverage could achieve higher reliability. We hint at several other useful implications of relative coverage notion on different aspects of software testing.
COMPARISON OF THREE CONTROLLED-RELEASE NITROGEN FERTILIZERS IN GREENHOUSE CROP PRODUCTION

Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers allow growers to reduce nitrogen loss from leaching in comparison to soluble formulations. Plant growth and nitrogen leaching during greenhouse production of Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum Hort. cv. “Brandy” (Begonia), Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzch cv. “Freedom Red” (Poinsettia), Ficus benjamina L. , and Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott cv. “Bostoniensis” (Boston Fern) were evaluated for eight weeks using three commercial controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers in combination with phosphorus and potassium sources to maintain a 3 : 2:1 NPK ratio. Mini Polymer Coated Urea (MPCU) 41-0-0, Trikote 42-0-0, and Regalite Nitroform (RN) 38-0-0 were incorporated into the substrate at rates of 0.9 kg nitrogen (N) m−3 and 1.5 kg N m−3 prior to potting. Total soluble salts in the leachates reflected the initial leaching of salts from the substrate, some increase or maintenance of salt levels through the third week, and lower levels from the fourth through eighth weeks. The high and low rates of Trikote and the high rate of MPCU provided acceptable levels of NH4 + for production purposes through the fourth or fifth week, the low rate of MPCU provided low levels through the third week and minimal levels thereafter, while both levels of RN showed progressive decreases from the outset. NO3 − levels varied within treatments during the eight-week period, with levels suitable for production observed during the trial with MPCU and Trikote, and declining to low levels with RN. Growth indices were similar among treatments, with the exceptions of Begonia and Poinsettia, which were larger with a low rate of RN 40 days after potting (DAP). Begonia was also larger with a low rate of Trikote 40 DAP. Shoot fresh weights (SFW) of Begonia and Poinsettia were higher with a low rate of Trikote than with MPCU or RN 40 DAP, and higher for Poinsettia with low rates of both MPCU and Trikote compared to RN 57 DAP. SFW and shoot dry weights (SDW) were similar among treatments with Boston Fern and Ficus benjamina.
Reshuffling Students to Fight Discrimination and Foster Pro-Social Behavior: A Field Experiment

There is substantial evidence that group identity shapes discrimination and pro-social behavior. Subjects tend to be more pro-social towards in-group members and discriminate out-group members. In this paper, we run a field experiment in a school in Barcelona to study whether belonging to the same class induces in-group favoritism. Moreover, we explore whether reshuffling students between classes is a good strategy to expand pro-social behavior within the school and fight discrimination. According to our results, participants allocate more resources, are more generous, retaliate less and give higher rewards to students who have always belonged to their same class relative to those who have never been part of it. Moreover, after varying the composition of classes, we find that new students in class start being considered group members and treated as so, while those that are not any longer in the same class do not lose their in-group status.
Analisis Niat Pembelian Pada Instagram Online Shopping Menggunakan Information Acceptance Model (IACM)

Along with the development of technology and information, it also has an impact on the product sales media, one of which is through Instagram online shopping. The results of the surf show that comments (electronic word of mount) are on Instagram online shopping. This study aims to analyze the effect of the electronic word of month (EWOM) on purchase intentions using the Information Acceptance Model (IACM) model. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative to find out the cause and effect relationship of IACM variables. The population in this research is Instagram users who have seen product promotions through Instagram. The sampling technique used is incidental sampling by distributing questionnaires online. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the electronic word of mount found on Instagram online shopping has a significant partial effect on purchase intention. This can be seen from the results of the calculation of all the t-count variables 0.191 and the significance level 0.05. Based on the results of the calculation of the determination coefficient (R2), the magnitude of the effect on the benefits of information is information quality 19.5%, information credibility 41.3%, information needs 13.9%, and attitudes towards information 28.6%. The results of information adoption are affected by 11.2% of the benefits of information. Other lts show that 24.9% of information adoption affects purchase intentions. While attitudes toward information affect 38.9% of purchase intentions.
Chip Based Electroanalytical Systems for Cell Analysis

This review with 239 references has as its aim to give the reader an introduction to the kinds of methods used for developing microchip based electrode systems as well as to cover the existing literature on electroanalytical systems where microchips play a crucial role for “none-destructive” measurements of processes related to living cells, i.e., systems without lysing the cells. The focus is on chip based amperometric and impedimetric cell analysis systems where measurements utilizing solely carbon fibre microelectrodes (CFME) and other non-chip electrode formats, such as CFME for exocytosis studies and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) studies of living cells have been omitted. Included is also a discussion about some future and emerging nano tools and considerations that might have an impact on the future of “non-destructive” chip based electroanalysis of living cells. (Less)
Dynamical properties of confined supercooled water: an NMR study

We report a set of dynamical data of confined water measured in a very deeply supercooled regime (290–190 K). Water is contained in silica matrices (MCM-41-S) which consist of 1D cylindrical pores with diameters d = 14,18 and 24 Å. When confined in these tubular pores, water does not crystallize, and can be supercooled well below 200 K. We use the NMR technique to obtain the characteristic proton relaxation time-constants (the spin–lattice relaxation time-constant T1 and the spin–spin relaxation time-constant T2) and a direct measurement of the self-diffusion coefficient in the whole temperature range. We give evidence of the existence of a fragile-to-strong dynamic crossover (FSC) at TL = 225 K from the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient. A combination of the NMR self-diffusion coefficient with the average translational relaxation time, as measured by quasi-elastic neutron scattering, shows a well defined decoupling of transport coefficients, i.e. the breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation, on approaching the crossover temperature TL.
Comparison of clinical characteristics and risk factors in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV infection

Herein, we compared the risk factors, clinical presentation of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV infection. Our data sources include PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Ovid/Medline. The proportion of male patients with COVID-19 was higher than who with SARS but lower than who with MERS (p<0.001). More patients with COVID-19 had coexisting chronic medical conditions than those with SARS (p<0.001) but fewer than those with MERS (p<0.001), and the prevalence of hypertension (17%) and smoking history (14%) was higher than in patients with SARS (p<0.001). Furthermore, the symptom of fever (53%), hemoptysis (1%), diarrhea (4%) and vomiting (3%) of COVID-19 were significantly lower than that in patients with SARS or MERS. The level of ALT and AST in COVID-19 was significantly lower (p<0.001), however, thrombocytopenia, high LDH were common. Summary, male, smoking history and hypertension were the most common risk factors for hospitalization with COVID-19; and the clinical feature was less severe in COVID-19.
Absorption of Ammonia Released from Poultry Manure to Soil and Bark and the Use of Absorbed Ammonia in Solubilizing Phosphate Rock

Composting systems were designed to utilize ammonia (NH3) released during composting of poultry manure to solubilize phosphate rock (PR). The NH3 released from decomposing manure was allowed to pass through columns containing soil or bark materials mixed with North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) at a rate of 1 mg P g−1. After eight weeks of incubation, the columns were dismantled and the forms of P and N in PR/soil or PR/bark mixtures were measured. The dissolution of PR was determined from the increases in the amount of soluble and adsorbed P (resin plus NaOH extractable P) or from the decreases in the residual apatite P (HC1 extractable P). The amounts of NH4+-N in the soil and bark columns increased due to absorption of the NH3 released from poultry manure. No nitrification of absorbed NH3 occurred, however, unless the soil or bark were reinoculated with a fresh soil solution and incubated for further six weeks.In the absence of NH3 absorption, soil and bark materials dissolved approximately 33 percent .
A morphological trait involved in reproductive isolation between Drosophila sister species is sensitive to temperature

Male genitalia are usually extremely divergent between closely related species, but relatively constant within one species. Here we examine the effect of temperature on the shape of the ventral branches, a male genital structure involved in reproductive isolation, in the sister species Drosophila santomea and D. yakuba. We designed a semi-automatic measurement pipeline that can reliably identify curvatures and landmarks based on manually digitized contours of the ventral branches. With this method, we observed that temperature does not affect ventral branches in D. yakuba but that in D. santomea ventral branches tend to morph into a D. yakuba-like shape at lower temperature. Our results suggest that speciation of D. santomea and D. yakuba was associated with a change in genitalia plasticity.
THE EFFECT OF WHATSAPP USE ON STUDENTS’ SOCIO-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

This research investigated the impact of the use of WhatsApp on students’ socio-emotional development and academic achievement. WhatsApp Messenger is a proprietary, cross-platform instant messaging subscription service for smart phones and selected feature phones which uses the internet for communication. The objectives of the study were to investigate how video chatting, online chatting and frequent communication through WhatsApp affect students’ socio-emotional development in the University of Buea. It also sought to establish the relationship between socio-emotional development and students’ academic achievement. This research adopted the quantitative research method and the survey research design. With the use of a structured questionnaire, data was collected and analyzed from a sample that consisted of 180 students of the Faculty of Education, University of Buea. The respondents answered the questions which were analyzed using Chi-square test. The relationship between socio-emotional development and students’ academic achievement was established using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. The research found out that video chatting, online chatting through WhatsApp and frequent use of WhatsApp has a significant effect on students’ socio-emotional development and academic achievement. These findings are clearly reflected in the responses of the respondents. Based on the findings, the research recommends that students should control the use of WhatsApp and other social media platforms. Article visualizations: