Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis on the Moral Risk in Cooperative Innovation through Technology Share among Industry, Colleges and R&D Institutes

Technology a share as an important mod has been widely used among cooperative innovation among industry,colleges and RD institutes. But this mod has not reached the results as expectation in China for over years because of the interruption of the moral risk in the process of the cooperative innovation. On the base of case study,it analyges the formulation mechanism and displaying forms of the moral risk,and then puts forward its countermeasures.
PPG and ECG feature comparison for healthy people and hypertensive patients

In this paper, we analyzed three novel features derived from PPG (photoplethysmography) of healthy people and hypertensive patients, which are pulse pressure, correlation between RR interval (the interval between two adjacent R wave in the electrocardiography signal) and PP interval (the interval between two adjacent P wave in the PPG signal), and PWTT (Pulse Wave Transfer Time). The experiments showed that there are significant differences in three features between healthy people and hypertensive patients. And these features can be indicators of hypertension.
Spell Checker for Thai Document

The objective of post-processing of OCR is to correct error from OCR result. It is important to use a spell checker tool to detect and to correct misspelled words. This paper proposes statistical method to find unexpectedly frequent character sequences without relying on the dictionary. It is a flexible method to detect the out of vocabulary words. The corpus that used to create 3-grams is belongs to NECTEC (National Electronic and Computer Technology Center). The result is 3-grams are selected to use as the spelling checker for Thai documents. The ArnThai software is OCR software, which used to evaluate the proposed technique.
Opportunities for Woman-Initiated HIV Prevention Methods among Female Sex Workers in Southern China

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent increases in STIs and HIV. This article reports results of an exploratory study of microbicide acceptability and readiness and current HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers in two rural and one urban town in Hainan and Guangxi Provinces in southern China. The study focused on these women's knowledge and cultural understandings of options for protecting themselves from exposure to STIs and HIV, and the potential viability and acceptability of woman-initiated prevention methods. We report on ethnographic elicitation interviews conducted with women working within informal sex-work establishments (hotels, massage and beauty parlors, roadside restaurants, boarding houses). We discuss implications of these findings for further promotion of woman-initiated prevention methods such as microbicides and female condoms among female sex workers in China.
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using near-zero index metamaterial (NZIM) lens

In this paper, an array of 7 × 7 novel compact metamaterial unit cells is used as superstrate to improve the broadside gain of a microstrip patch antenna operating at the WLAN band. The proposed unit cell is obtained by suitably adding extra metal strips to the conventional mirrored S like structures. The unit cell cell analysis and parameter extraction using periodic boundary condition confirms the near zero index behavior as well as significant reduction (almost 52%) in the unit cell footprint. Simulation and measurement results confirm that near-zero index metamaterial (NZIM) lens significantly improves the gain (by more than 2 dBi) and reduces the half power beamwidth in both E-plane and H-plane by 20°.
Jamming games in wireless networks with incomplete information

Due to their broadcast nature, wireless networks are highly susceptible to jamming attacks resulting in denial of service. Game theory provides powerful tools to model and analyze such attacks. This article discusses a class of such jamming games played at the MAC layer among a set of transmitters and jammers. The equilibrium strategies resulting from these jamming games characterize the expected performance under DoS attacks and motivate robust network protocol design for secure wireless communications. A key characteristic of distributed wireless access networks is that users do not have complete information regarding the other user's identities, the traffic dynamics, the channel characteristics, or the costs and rewards of other users. Bayesian games are shown to be useful for modeling such uncertainties under different models for the MAC layer. Different wireless network scenarios with single-stage and repeated game formulations are described to illustrate the performance loss of jamming attacks with increasing network uncertainty.
Pheromones and Reproduction

The information humans receive from their nose is rarely of vital significance and although perfumers and masters of wine have developed a large vocabulary of descriptors, most of us categorize odours into pleasant and unpleasant. Not surprisingly therefore, most of our olfactory receptor genes are nonfunctional pseudogenes. Rodents, on the other hand, not only have a vast repertoire of olfactory genes (1000-1500) but also possess two additional sets of receptors in the vomeronasal organ that is specialized for pheromone reception.
Rett syndrome and delayed recovery from anaesthesia

May I take issue with Dr Allen and colleagues when they conclude that epidural chloroprocaine is suitable for day case surgery? (Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 773-5). Surely, the development of severe backache requiring hospital admission overnight in two patients (8% of their cases) is totally unacceptable? The 64% overall incidence of backache is also of concern, and until chloroprocaine-induced back pain can be eliminated it might be wiser to continue with lignocaine. However, our experience with epidural lignocaine for arthroscopy of the knee was shortlived (10 cases) and little better, as the orthopaedic surgeons bitterly complained that all the patients reported sore backs at follow-up and not sore knees! although the epidural puncture itself, and not the lignocaine, was presumably to blame. Perhaps, a different anatomical approach to the epidural space is required as well as a suitable short-acting local anaesthetic, to provide satisfactory day case epidural block.
Detection of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 serum levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis.

BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Environmental and genetic factors as well as the immune system participate in this process. Recent studies have attempted to elucidate the role of cytokine networks involved in periodontal diseases. OBJECTIVE To assess and compare the levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 in serum samples of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and control individuals. METHODS A total of 50 subjects were included in the study of which 25 patients had generalized aggressive periodontitis and 25 were healthy unrelated age and gender matched patients undergoing extraction and surgical crown lengthening (control group). Local blood samples of patients were collected from surgical sites of pocket reduction and from healthy individuals before tooth extraction or crown lengthening from non inflamed sites. The levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 were determined by an ELISA assay using serum samples separated from the whole blood of both groups. RESULTS The level of IL-4 increased significantly in control group in comparison with the test group (p=0.002). The amount of IL-6 in GAgP patients increased strongly compared with control group (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning the level of IL-12. CONCLUSION There is an association between generalized aggressive periodontitis and low level of IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and high level of IL-6 as a proinflammatory cytokine. No correlation between IL-12 and generalized aggressive peridontitis was found.
Do Elementary Students Substitute Ice Cream and Baked Goods for Healthier National School Lunch Program Meal Items?

Abstract We use variation in à la carte dessert availability to determine its impact on elementary school students’ selection of reimbursable meals and healthful meal components. On days when desserts (ice cream and baked goods) were offered, students were less likely to select a reimbursable meal, and students who purchased a dessert selected fruit significantly less often. Data were collected in the Alachua County School District (Florida) for three weeks in May of 2013. These findings suggest that students substitute desserts for reimbursable meals and the healthier fruit component. Policies, such as Smart Snacks in Schools, that regulate the nutritional content of a la carte items, but do not remove a la carte items from school lunchrooms, may be less effective than intended if such substitution occurs.
MRI and magnetization transfer imaging changes in the brain and cervical cord of patients with Devic’s neuromyelitis optica

Objectives: To assess MRI and magnetization transfer (MT) imaging changes in the brain and cervical cord from patients with Devic’s neuromyelitis optica (DNO), and to compare them with those from patients with MS. Background: In MS, MT imaging detects changes within the normal-appearing brain tissue (NABT). MS lesions in the cord usually are isointense on T1-weighted images. No study has investigated these two aspects in patients with DNO. Methods: The authors obtained dual echo, fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T1-weighted, and MT scans of the brain from 8 DNO patients, 10 MS patients, and 9 healthy volunteers. T2-weighted, short-tau inversion recovery, T1-weighted, and MT scans of the cervical cord also were obtained. The authors identified lesions visible on the different scans and quantified the volumes for those in the brain. MT ratio (MTR) histogram analysis of the NABT and of the entire cervical cord also was performed. Results: No brain abnormalities were found on the T2-weighted scans from healthy volunteers and from seven DNO patients. No significant difference was found for any of the NABT-MTR histogram metrics between DNO patients and controls, whereas MS patients had a significantly lower histogram average MTR and peak height. No abnormalities were seen on any of the scans of the cervical cord from healthy volunteers. All DNO patients had a single lesion longer than two vertebral segments. Five of them were hypointense on T1-weighted scans. The authors identified 24 cord lesions from MS patients: 22 were shorter than two vertebral segments and none was hypointense. There was no difference in cervical cord MTR histogram metrics between DNO and MS patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that patients with Devic’s neuromyelitis optica (DNO) and MS have different imaging characteristics of the brain and cervical cord. This provides further evidence that DNO is a clinical entity separate from MS.
Choline Inadequacy Impairs Trophoblast Function and Vascularization in Cultured Human Placental Trophoblasts

Maternal choline intake during gestation may influence placental function and fetal health outcomes. Specifically, we previously showed that supplemental choline reduced placental and maternal circulating concentrations of the anti‐angiogenic factor, fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFLT1), in pregnant women as well as sFLT1 production in cultured human trophoblasts. The current study aimed to quantify the effect of choline on a wider array of biomarkers related to trophoblast function and to elucidate possible mechanisms. Immortalized HTR‐8/SVneo trophoblasts were cultured in different choline concentrations (8, 13, and 28 µM [control]) for 96‐h and markers of angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, and blood vessel formation were examined. Choline insufficiency altered the angiogenic profile, impaired in vitro angiogenesis, increased inflammation, induced apoptosis, increased oxidative stress, and yielded greater levels of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms δ and ϵ possibly through increases in the PKC activators 1‐stearoyl‐2‐arachidonoyl‐sn‐glycerol and 1‐stearoyl‐2‐docosahexaenoyl‐sn‐glycerol. Notably, the addition of a PKC inhibitor normalized angiogenesis and apoptosis, and partially rescued the aberrant gene expression profile. Together these results suggest that choline inadequacy may contribute to placental dysfunction and the development of disorders related to placental insufficiency by activating PKC. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1016–1027, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental research on the shallow ambient noise using a single optical fiber vector hydrophone

An optical fiber vector hydrophone consists of a three-component optical fiber accelerometer and an omnidirectional pressure hydrophone. It can be used to measure both the scalar and vector components of the ambient noise simultaneously. In order to analyze the characteristics of the ambient vector noise field in shallow water, a sea trial was carried out in the South China Sea in July 2012. The spectra of the ambient noise collected in rainy and sunny weather are compared. The rainfall increases the spectral levels of both scalar and vector components. In addition, the horizontal directionality of the ambient noise is estimated by vector beamforming at four different frequencies of 200, 800, 1000 and 1600 Hz. The estimation results show that the anisotropy of the ambient noise increases with frequency. What's more, the ambient noise is dominant from the open sea in sunny weather, but dominant from all directions in rainy weather. Based on the horizontal directionality of the ambient noise, the theoretical signal-to-noise ratio gains of the X-channel and Y-channel are calculated and compared with the experimental results.
Promoting college aspirations among school-age black American males

In 2003, Howard surveyed African Americans with emphasis on academic identities and college aspirations. This investigator interviewed African-American students at two urban high schools to gain insight relative to their college ambitions, educational capabilities, and academic identities. According to the students interviewed one specific area that affected their academic identity and college aspirations was perceived racism and discrimination, including counselors’ and teachers’ perception of their intelligence, unfair placement in special needs courses, and teachers’ attitude and behavior toward students (Howard, 2003).
Discovery of Plasmodium modulators by genome-wide analysis of circulating hemocytes in Anopheles gambiae

Insect hemocytes mediate important cellular immune responses including phagocytosis and encapsulation and also secrete immune factors such as opsonins, melanization factors, and antimicrobial peptides. However, the molecular composition of these important immune cells has not been elucidated in depth, because of their scarcity in the circulating hemolymph, their adhesion to multiple tissues and the lack of primary culture methods to produce sufficient material for a genome-wide analysis. In this study, we report a genome-wide molecular characterization of circulating hemocytes collected from the hemolymph of adult female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes—the major mosquito vector of human malaria in subSaharan Africa. Their molecular profile identified 1,485 transcripts with enriched expression in these cells, and many of these genes belong to innate immune gene families. This hemocyte-specific transcriptome is compared to those of Drosophila melanogaster and two other mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Armigeres subalbatus. We report the identification of two genes as ubiquitous hemocyte markers and several others as hemocyte subpopulation markers. We assess, via an RNAi screen, the roles in development of Plasmodium berghei of 63 genes expressed in hemocytes and provide a molecular comparison of the transcriptome of these cells during malaria infection.
Characterisation of production systems for indigenous chicken genetic resources of South Africa.

B.J. Mtileni, F.C. Muchadeyi, A. Maiwashe, P.M. Phitsane, T.E. Halimani, M. Chimonyo and K. Dzama Agricultural Research Council, P/ Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa 2 Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa 3 Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, University of Fort Hare, South Africa 4 Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Zimbabwe
Fatigue and sleep disturbance in multiple sclerosis

Considering the association of sleep disturbance and fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS), we investigated the presence of sleep disturbances that may be related to fatigue by using objective and subjective measures. We included 27 MS patients with fatigue, 10 MS patients without fatigue and 13 controls. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index score showed significant differences between patient groups and controls. Beck depression inventory scores were significantly higher in fatigued than non‐fatigued patients. Comparison of patient groups and controls revealed significant differences for time in bed, sleep efficiency index, sleep continuity index, wake time after sleep onset, total arousal index and periodic limb movement arousal index. Our study confirms that MS causes sleep fragmentation in terms of both macro and microstructure. Fatigue in MS could be partially explained by disruption of sleep microstructure, poor subjective sleep quality and depression.
Reconstruction Of Bivariate Cardinal Splines Of Polynomial Growth From Their Local Average Samples ∗

We analyse the following local average sampling problem for two variables: Let h be a nonnegative function supported in the rectangle [ − 1 2 , 1 2 ] × [ − 1 2 , 1 2 ] . Given a sequence of samples {yij}i,j∈Z, find a bivariate spline f(x, y) such that (f ? h)(i, j) = yij . It is shown that this problem has infinitely many solutions. Further, under some realistic conditions on h it is shown that the above said problem has unique solution when both samples {yij} and the spline f are of polynomial growth.
An Improved Firefly Algorithm Based on Nonlinear Time-varying Step-size

Firefly algorithm (FA) is a novel population-based stochastic optimization algorithm and has been shown to yield good performance for solving varieties of optimization problems. Meanwhile, it sustains premature convergence because it is easily to fall into the local optima which may generate a low accuracy of solution or even fail. To overcome this defect, a nonlinear time-varying step strategy for firefly algorithm (NTSFA) is presented. It uses a nonlinear decreasing and time-varying step-size for fireflies to better balance the algorithm’s ability of exploration and exploitation. Numerical simulation on 20 test benchmark functions display that the proposed algorithm can increase the accuracy of the original FA. Finally, we apply NTSFA to integrate into k-means clustering for mouse dataset. The results show that NTSFA is an effective optimization algorithm.
Hyperoxia Causes Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-Mediated Cellular Damage to the Immature Rat Brain

Relative hyperoxia is a condition frequently encountered in premature infants, either spontaneously or during treatment in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The effects of high inspiratory oxygen concentrations on immature brain cells and their signaling cascades are largely unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of hyperoxia on the amount and topographic distribution of iNOS-expression (inducible nitric oxide synthase) in the immature rat brain, and to localize hyperoxia-induced formation of peroxynitrite as a potential marker of cellular damage to immature cerebral structures. Seven-day-old Wistar rat pups were exposed to >80% oxygen for 24 h and were then transcardially perfused. Following paraformaldehyde fixation, brains were paraffin-embedded and immunohistochemically stained for iNOS and nitrotyrosine. iNOS protein was quantified by Western blot; iNOS mRNA expression was studied by RT-PCR. Total brain iNOS mRNA was up-regulated, demonstrating a peak at 6 h following the onset of hyperoxia. Immunohistochemical staining was predominantly observed in microglial cells of hippocampus and frontal cortex with some iNOS reactivity in endothelial and perivascular cells. Nitrotyrosine staining was positive in apical dendrites of neurons in the frontal cortex. There was no positive staining for iNOS or nitrotyrosine in control animals. Hyperoxia causes iNOS mRNA and protein up-regulation in microglial cells of the immature rat brain. Positive neuronal nitrotyrosine staining indicates formation of peroxynitrite with potential deleterious effects for immature cellular structures in the neonatal brain.
Generalize or Die: Operating Systems Support for Memristor-Based Accelerators

The deceleration of transistor feature size scaling has motivated growing adoption of specialized accelerators implemented as GPUs, FPGAs, ASICs, and more recently new types of computing such as neuromorphic, bio-inspired, ultra low energy, reversible, stochastic, optical, quantum, combinations, and others unforeseen. There is a tension between specialization and generalization, with the current state trending to master slave models where accelerators (slaves) are instructed by a general purpose system (master) running an Operating System (OS). Traditionally, an OS is a layer between hardware and applications and its primary function is to manage hardware resources and provide a common abstraction to applications. Does this function, however, apply to new types of computing paradigms? This paper revisits OS functionality for memristor-based accelerators. We explore one accelerator implementation, the Dot Product Engine (DPE), for a select pattern of applications in machine learning, imaging, and scientific computing and a small set of use cases. We explore typical OS functionality, such as reconfiguration, partitioning, security, virtualization, and programming. We also explore new types of functionality, such as precision and trustworthiness of reconfiguration. We claim that making an accelerator, such as the DPE, more general will result in broader adoption and better utilization.
Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire used to assess nutrient intakes in pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE To compare nutrient intakes assessed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with those determined from food diaries. DESIGN A 100-item FFQ was administered to women at 15 weeks of pregnancy. Food diaries were kept for a 4-day period at 16 weeks of pregnancy. SETTING Community-based study of a general population sample of pregnant women booked for delivery at the Princess Anne Maternity Hospital, Southampton, UK. SUBJECTS 603 women were recruited. Complete dietary data were provided by 569 women. RESULTS Nutrient intakes determined by FFQ were greater than those from food diaries. Spearman rank correlation coefficients for macronutrients ranged from 0.27 (protein and starch) to 0.37 (fat). Stronger correlations for energy, fat and carbohydrate were seen in women who did not experience nausea, suggesting that the level of agreement observed between the FFQ and food diary in the whole group may be an underestimate of the true agreement. The percentage of individuals classified to the same quarter of the distribution of nutrient intake by the FFQ and diaries ranged from 30% (starch) to 41% (calcium), with between 4% (riboflavin) and 8% (energy, protein and vitamin E) classified to the opposite quarters. Using serum vitamin C as an independent biomarker of intake, the percentage of individuals classified to the correct quarter of intake was similar for the FFQ and diary (34% and 37%), with 8% (FFQ) and 6% (diary) misclassified to the opposite quarter. CONCLUSION The FFQ appears to give meaningful estimates of nutrient intake in early pregnancy which can be used to rank individuals within the distribution.