Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Liquid Foams

Understanding foam structure is a key to understanding many foam properties. The opacity of a foam, for example, is a consequence of light being scattered from the thin films separating the bubbles or from the Plateau borders where the films meet. The drying out of a foam under gravity is governed mainly by the flow of liquid through the Plateau border network. This network also governs how the electrical conductivity of a foam varies with its liquid volume fraction and how foam flows when sheared (foam rheology, Chapter 7). The existence of a yield stress and the property of shear thinning require an understanding of the structural changes due to bubble rearrangements. This chapter, which is based on our recent review [1], introduces a number of key descriptors of foam structure, such as liquid volume fraction, bubble monoor polydispersity or order and disorder. The aim is to introduce the reader to the large range of different types of foam structures that are found in nature or may be produced in the laboratory. After a brief overview of foam structures (Section 16.2), we will in Section 16.3 justify several approximations that simplify their analysis. Section 16.4 is dedicated to the analysis of dry foams with liquid volume fraction φ < 0.05, consisting mainly of bubbles with almost polyhedral shapes. Section 16.5 describes experimental studies of wet foams and Section 16.6 concerns the nature of bubble interactions in such foams. Section 16.7 is a brief summary of experimental, analytical, and computational methods for understanding foam structure. A concluding Section 16.8 completes this chapter.
Strategic Human Resources Management and Sustainable Competitive Advantage

The focus of this study is on the assessment of the impact of Human Resources Strategies on Competitive Advantage. The proposition that competitive advantage depends on effective Human Resource Strategies framed the investigation. The selected themes, such as Strategy, Technical Human Resources Management truly describe the impact of Human Resource Strategies on competitive Advantage. While Technical Human Resources Management remain desirable in an organization, they will not yield competitive advantage. To gain competitive advantage, Strategic human resources activities must be explored and exploited. Keywords : Strategy, Business Strategy, Technical Human Resource Management, Strategic Human Resource Management, Sustainable Competitive Advantage.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Empirical Data Collection for External Governed Pedestrians Complex Movement

Complex movement patterns of pedestrian traffic, ranging from unidirectional to multidirectional flows, are frequently observed in major public infrastructure such as transport hubs. These multidirectional movements can result in increased number of conflicts, thereby influencing the mobility and safety of pedestrian facilities. Therefore, empirical data collection on pedestrians’ complex movement has been on the rise in the past two decades. Although there are several reviews of mathematical simulation models for pedestrian traffic in the existing literature, a detailed review examining the challenges and opportunities on empirical studies on the pedestrians complex movements is limited in the literature. The overall aim of this study is to present a systematic review on the empirical data collection for uni- and multidirectional crowd complex movements. We first categorized the complex movements of pedestrian crowd into two general categories, namely, external governed movements and internal driven movements based on the interactions with the infrastructure and among pedestrians, respectively. Further, considering the hierarchy of movement complexity, we decomposed the externally governed movements of pedestrian traffic into several unique movement patterns including straight line, turning, egress and ingress, opposing, weaving, merging, diverging, and random flows. Analysis of the literature showed that empirical data were highly rich in straight line and egress flow while medium rich in turning, merging, weaving, and opposing flows, but poor in ingress, diverging, and random flows. We put emphasis on the need for the future global collaborative efforts on data sharing for the complex crowd movements.
Plankton patchiness in high-frequency internal waves

Internal waves are ubiquitous elements of the physical dynamics on continental shelves, yet their effect on the spatial distribution of planktonic organisms throughout the water column is not well understood. We explore the effects of high-frequency internal waves on the patch dynamics of swimming plankters using a 2-layered model with 2 idealized wave forms (linear and weakly nonlinear interfacial waves). Our analysis suggests that even weakly swimming planktonic organisms may experience internal wave-induced changes in concentration. We find that maximum increases in concentration occur over the trough of the wave, and that changes in concentration above the interface are opposite to those below the interface. To a first approximation, the magnitude of the changes in concentration increases linearly with the wave amplitude and the swimming proficiency of the plankters Maximum increases in concentration occur within the upper layer and, for a given stratification, increase linearly with the wave amplitude. These maximum increases in concentration are predicted to be less than twice the local background concentration. Such localized changes in the concentration of organisms should be ephemeral, lasting no longer than the wave period. Based on these results, we propose that coincident measurements of density (or temperature) and concentration of organisms through the water column can be used to determine the existence of 3 relationships that are consistent with internal wave-induced changes in the concentration of swimming plankters: (1) a relationship between along-isopycnal concentration anomalies and isopycnal depth that is out of phase above the pycnocline and in phase below the pycnocline (depth negative downwards), (2) a linear increase in the maximum along-isopycnal concentration anomalies with scaled isopycnal displacement amplitudes, and (3) maximum along-isopycnal concentration anomalies that are less than twice the background along-isopycnal concentration.
An algorithm for the long run average cost problem for linear systems with indirect observation of Markov jump parameters

Abstract This paper addresses the long run average cost control problem for linear systems with Markov jump parameters and indirect observation of the Markov state. One important issue that arises when employing some standard optimization methods is that the initialization often requires a stabilizing control, which may be difficult to obtain in the partial observation scenario. We propose an algorithm that handles this initialization issue by considering “auxiliary” problems with intermediate levels of observations, starting with complete observation of the Markov chain (allowing to use coupled algebraic Riccati equations to find stabilizing controls) and slowly shifting to the considered indirect observation problem. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated via a numerical example.
Ecological health assessments using multiple parameters of fish blood tissues to community along with water chemistry in urban streams

The objectives of this study were to identify multi-level stressors from blood biomarkers to community-level bioindicators and diagnose the stream ecosystem health in polluted streams. Blood chemistry such as total protein (TPro), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TCho) and albumin (Alb) were analyzed from sentinel fish tissues; the functions of kidney, gill and liver were significantly decreased in the impacted zone (I z), compared to the control zone (Cz). Histopathological analysis showed that fish liver tissues were normal in the C z. Fish liver tissues in the Iz, however, showed large cell necrosis and degeneration and also had moderate lobular inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration of lymphocytic histocytes. Species biotic index (SBI) at species level and stream health assessment (SHA) at community level indicated that chemical impacts were evident in the Iz (ecological health; poor - very poor), and this was matched with the blood tissue analysis and histopathological analysis. The impairments of the streams were supported by water chemistry analysis (nitrogen, phosphorus). Tolerance guild analysis and trophic guild analysis of fish were showed sig nificant differences ( P < 0.01) between Cz and Iz. Overall, multiple parameter analysis from biomarker level (blood tissues) to bioindicator level (community health) showed significantly greater impacts in the I z than Cz. This approach may be effective as a monitoring tool in identifying the multilateral and forthcoming problems related to chemical pollution and habitat degradation of stream ecosystems.
SPH MODEL TO SIMULATE MOVEMENT OF GRASS MEADOW OF POSIDONIA UNDER WAVES

The objective of this paper is to try a new approach to simulate the interactions between waves and algae. The chosen method is to simulate waves and plants through SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, SPH). In this model, the algae are defined as a solid that respects Hook's law, which is in direct interaction with the fluid part. Given the properties of this method especially in terms of computation time, the dimensions of the simulations are limited. A successful representation of the movement of algae under waves or/and current by SPH will permit the determination of coefficient of friction corresponding to a type of algae, that can be used in a different larger scale code.
Spray Pyrolysis Yöntemiyle Üretilen In2o3 Filmlerinin Yapısal Ve Optik Özellikleri

Anahtar Kelimeler İndiyum Oksit, Spray Pyrolysis, Envelope Yöntemi, Dielektrik Sabitler Özet: Geçirgen iletken oksitlerden biri olan indiyum oksit (In2O3) yarıiletken filmleri spray pyrolysis yöntemiyle 300, 350 ve 400 °C taban sıcaklıklarında cam tabanlar üzerine elde edilmiştir. X‐ışını kırınım desenleri incelendiğinde, numunelerin cisim merkezli kübik In2O3 kristal yapısına sahip olduğu ve taban sıcaklığı artışının filmlerin yapısal özelliklerini iyileştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Alan emisyon taramalı elektron mikroskobu görüntülerinden, elde edilen filmlerin yüzeye iyi tutunduğu, homojen bir dağılım sergilediği ve taneli bir yapılanmanın olduğu saptanmıştır. Geçirgenlik ölçümlerinden numunelerin direkt bant geçişine sahip olduğu ve bant aralığı değerlerinin 3,38 ‐ 3,67 eV aralığında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Numunelerin kırılma indisi ve sönüm katsayısı dalgaboyunun fonksiyonu olarak yansıma spektrumundan envelope yöntemi yardımıyla incelenmiştir. In2O3 filmlerinin dielektrik sabitleri (n, k, ε1 ve ε∞), plazma frekansı ωp ve taşıyıcı yoğunluğu Nopt gibi optik parametreleri de belirlenmiştir.
Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Arrays with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Property

N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodization in glycerol electrolyte, followed by electrochemical deposition in NH4Cl solution. An orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the doping conditions. Electrolyte concentration, reaction voltage, and reaction time were the main factors to influence the N-doping effect which was the determinant of the visible range photoresponse. The optimal N-doping conditions were determined as follows: reaction voltage is 3 V, reaction time is 2 h, and electrolyte concentration is 0.5 M. The maximal photocurrent enhanced ratio was 30% under white-light irradiation. About 58% improvement of photocatalytic efficiency was achieved in the Rhodamine B degradation experiment by N doping. The kinetic constant of the N-doped TNT arrays sample was almost twice higher than that of the undoped sample. Further analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supported that electrochemical deposition is a simple and efficient method for N doping into TiO2 nanotube arrays.
Contract Design and Supplier Quality Management under Asymmetric Information

This paper investigated how to design contract models under asymmetric information to manage supplier quality and achieve supply chain coordination. We employed game theory to design contract models: optimal contracts in centralized control situation, profit margin contract and profit sharing contract in decentralized control situation. Under asymmetric information, the manufacturer designed optimal contract to manage supplier quality and to achieve coordination. The numerical analyses show that profit sharing contract is an optimal decision and coordination mechanism in decentralized control situation.
An Empirical Study of Chinese EFL Learners’ Attention to Meaning and Form in the Course of Listening

This study aimed to examine Chinese EFL learners’ ability of simultaneously attending to meaning and form of language in the course of listening. The recall scores of the four groups performing different tasks while listening for meaning showed that while learners have difficulty in directing attention toward meaning and content, attending to the linguistic items of high communicative value or the items which are acoustically salient will not negatively affect comprehension. The findings suggest a combination of listening-to-comprehend with listening-to-learn in EFL teaching.
STUDYING THERMODYNAMICS OF METASTABLE STATES UDC 536 . 7

Simple classical thermodynamic approach to the general description of metastable states is presented. It makes it possible to calculate the explicit dependence of the Gibbs free energy on temperature, to calculate the heat capacity, the thermodynamic barrier, dividing metastable and more stable states, and the thermal expansion coefficient. Thermodynamic stability under mechanical loading is considered. The influence of the heating (cooling) rate on the measured dynamic heat capacity is investigated. A phase shift of the temperature oscillations of an ac heated sample is shown to be determined by the relaxation time of the relaxation of the metastable nonequilibrium state back to the metastable equilibrium one. This dependence allows one to calculate the relaxation time. A general description of the metastable phase equilibrium is proposed. Metastable states in AB3 alloys are considered. Reasons for the change from the diffusional mechanism of the supercritical nucleus growth to the martensitic one as the heating rate increases are discussed. The Ostwald stage rule is derived.
Service companies’ offshoring practices in the IT and construction industries - A comparative study

of how firms, through their strategy, handle existing challenges on the path towards competitive advantage and success. Beyond the typical offshoring drivers, this study examines the methods and practices in service offshoring in the construction and telecom industries. Based on two case studies, the paper explores the impact in terms of trust and communication of the firm’s offshoring methods as well as integration approach. Interviews with the involved firms as well as integration modes are used in order to obtain field results and provide their adequate assessment. While one of the two implicated firms shows a people-based approach, going alongside what available academic theory suggests, the study shows that the other firm goes against what is usually practiced in the field and recommended theoretically. As a paradox, the interview results show how successful the latter firm is, despite the use of a centralized integration approach.
Eco-Efficiency and Sustainable Development as Efforts to Produce Environmentally Friendly Product: An Exploratory Case Study

The issue of climate change, global warming and environmental damage caused by the production process lead to many changes in manufacturing technology, in the understanding of environmental concern or environmental awareness. Eco-efficiency is a concept that requires companies to concern the environment, and is then forwarded to the concept of sustainable development which requires current generations think and act for not passing the environmental damage to future generations. This study was aimed to answer whether a go-international company has environmental awareness, how they understand, interpreted, and applied these eco efficiency and sustainable development concepts. The research methodology used is Yin’s non positivist exploratory case study research in PT. Semen Indonesia. The results showed that although the company has already understood and implemented eco-efficiency, and other environmental friendly program, such as Japanese 5’ S (Seiri, S eiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke mean Tidiness, Order liness, Cleanliness, Standardiza tion, and Discipline); Triple Bottom Line (Profit, People and Planet), and other programs. The implementation of such programs leads to the application of sustainable development concept. The research’s implications is academically it will enrich management accounting literature by introducing environmental-based management accounting, and push academicians to restructure the content of management accounting subject as well as it will inform companies to aware to possible environmental problem in their production process.
Z-Contrast STEM Imaging of Long-Range Ordered Structures in Epitaxially Grown CoPt Nanoparticles

We report on atomic structure imaging of epitaxial L10 CoPt nanoparticles using chemically sensitive high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Highly ordered nanoparticles formed by annealing at 973 K show single-variant structure with perpendicular c-axis orientation, while multivariant ordered domains are frequently observed for specimens annealed at 873 K. It was found that the (001) facets of the multivariant particles are terminated by Co atoms rather than by Pt, presumably due to the intermediate stage of atomic ordering. Coexistence of single-variant particles and multivariant particles in the same specimen film suggests that the interfacial energy between variant domains be small enough to form such structural domains in a nanoparticle as small as 4 nm in diameter.
Artificial neural networks in high voltage transmission line problems

According to the literature high voltage transmission line problems are faced using conventional analytical methods, which include in most cases empirical and/or approximating equations. Artificial intelligence and more specifically artificial neural networks (ANN) are addressed in this work, in order to give accurate solutions to high voltage transmission line problems using in the calculations only actual field data. Two different case studies are studied, i.e., the estimation of critical flashover voltage on polluted insulators and the estimation of lightning performance of high voltage transmission lines. ANN models are developed and are tested on operating high voltage transmission lines and polluted insulators, producing very satisfactory results. These two ANN models can be used in electrical engineers' studies aiming at the more effective protection of high voltage equipment.
Genetic Determinants of Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia is a chronic deviation from normal blood lipid levels that can lead to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases; dyslipidemia and its sequelae are caused by the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Although circulating concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have a strong genetic underpinning, not much is known about the genetic factors that affect long-term deteriorations in lipid concentrations. Through the work described in this thesis I sought to identify novel genetic loci associated with long-term lipid level changes and identify gene × environment interactions influencing blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.In Papers I and II, large European prospective cohort studies with long-term follow-up were analyzed. The Gene–Lifestyle Interactions and Complex Traits Involved in Elevated Disease Risk (GLACIER) Study (N=3,495) was analyzed in the discovery phase of these studies. The MDC, PIVUS, ULSAM and MRC Ely studies (Nmax=8,263) were utilized as replication cohorts. In Paper III, Scandinavian adults from the GLACIER, MDC, Inter99 and Health 2006 Studies were meta-analyzed (Nmax=18,190). In Paper IV, analyses were conducted in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (N=2,993) multi-ethnic randomized clinical trial. Participants from the GLACIER Study and DPP, the two discovery studies intensively used in this thesis, were genotyped with the Illumina CardioMetaboChip array.In Paper I, TC- and TG-specific genetic risk scores (GRSs) were robustly associated with TC- and TG level changes, respectively. Three genomic loci, APOE, TRIB1 and APOA1 were associated with either TC- or TG changes and were replicated in subsequent analyses. In Paper II, in addition to the findings of Paper I, seven further loci were associated with TC- or TG changes. Of these, variants at CAPN3, HPR and SIX5 showed suggestive evidence for association with coronary artery disease. In Paper III, a robust sex-heterogeneous interaction between the TG-related GRS and body mass index was observed for circulating blood TG levels. In Paper IV, an interaction between the large HDL particle-associated GRS and the lifestyle intervention for large HDL particle concentrations was observed.In conclusion, this thesis work shows genetic associations for long-term lipid changes and demonstrates examples of gene × environment interactions that influence blood lipid concentrations. (Less)
Luminescent Glass for Lasers and Solar Concentrators

Rare earth‐doped glasses find applications in numerous photonic devices including color displays, infrared solid‐state lasers, and indicators, among many. In this chapter, we will present and discuss several luminescent glasses doped with rare earth ions in their trivalent form (RE3+) with general background and technological perspectives. Initially, we begin with a short introduction of RE3+ electronic energy‐level structure in solids followed by the discussion of structural feature of glass lasers. While the lasing properties are mainly governed by the solubility of the ions and phonon interactions, the issue of ion interactions in solid hosts will be addressed since they hardly depend on the type of materials. Spectroscopic properties of Nd3+‐doped phosphate glasses are discussed in the framework of Judd‐Ofelt theory. Rare earth‐doped optical amplifiers are tackled from a technological point of view, as well as luminescent solar concentrators for enhancement of solar efficiency.
Modified Stable Matching Algorithm in Heterogeneous Collaborative Enterprise Networks

This study proposes the implementation of a modified stable matching problem to a heterogeneous collaborative enterprise network (HCEN) with the incorporation of a Markov diffusion model. The HCEN is a set of enterprises that provide an equivalent service or manufacture an identical product or component, but have different capacity and demand rates. Selected collaboration strategies are based on the enterprises’ Markov states and the availability of suitable partners. The partnership among multiple members during a given time period endeavors to optimize resource utilization while minimizing order rejections. Partner selections are dependent on the enterprises’ Markov states and on the modified stable matching problem that ensures the highest reward for all the selected partners. The experimental results indicate that under the proposed model enterprise profits in collaborative networks are superior to enterprises that do not collaborate. The profit margin becomes even bigger with the extension of the HCEN. In addition, the modified stable matching problem significantly reduces the number of rejected orders and costs effectively.