Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of transvaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy in gynecology

Background Ultrasound-guided biopsy is an easy technique for obtaining tissue samples. It is commonly used for different types of tumors, such as breast and prostate cancers, in order to plan early and adequate treatment. Objective To evaluate the indications, adequacy, and safety of transvaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy in women with pelvic lesions suspected of gynecologic malignancy. Methods A retrospective study including all patients who had undergone transvaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy between April 2015 and May 2018 was carried out at the division of gynecologic oncology. Inclusion criteria were the presence at imaging of abdominal or pelvic tumors in patients considered not ideal candidates for primary gynecological surgery, or the origin and/or nature of the tumor was unclear and further management required histological verification. Patients with planned surgery were excluded from the study. Transvaginal biopsies were performed with a 18 G/25 cm core-cut biopsy needle and histology was obtained. Tru-cut biopsies were performed using an automatic bioptic gun with a 18 G/25 cm core-cut biopsy needle. Results are presented as absolute frequency (percentage) for nominal variables and as median (range) for continuous variables. Results A total of 62 women were analyzed. An adequate sample for histological analysis was obtained in all cases. Histopathological examinations showed 24 (38.7%) benign lesions (fibrosis, inflammation, uterine or ovarian myoma) and 38 (61.3%) malignant tumors, distributed as follows: 34 (89.5%) malignant gynecological lesions and 4 (10.5%) non-gynecological malignant tumors. Among the malignant lesions, there were 12/38 (31.6%) primary tumors, 24/38 (63.2%) recurrent tumors, and 2/38 (5.3%) metastases from non-genital cancer. Ten patients eventually underwent surgery. Final histology was not in agreement with the results from transvaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy in 2 of 10 patients (20%); in particular, benign disease at transvaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy was malignant at final histology (two cases of recurrence of cervical cancer). Three patients (4.8%) had pain during the procedure, which was controlled by oral analgesic therapy and lasted for no longer than 10 min. No major complications were registered. Conclusions Transvaginal ultrasound-guided biopsy is a minimally invasive method to obtain adequate material for histological diagnosis and could avoid unnecessary surgical procedures, costly CT-guided procedures, or prolonged waiting times.
Relevance of antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in CSF of seronegative cases

Objective To determine the diagnostic relevance of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Abs) in CSF of seronegative cases by retrospectively analyzing consecutive time-matched CSF of 80 MOG-Ab–seronegative patients with demyelinating disease. Methods The cohort included 44 patients with NMOSD and related disorders and 36 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Two independent neurologists blinded to diagnosis analyzed MOG-Abs by live cell-based immunofluorescence assay with goat anti-human immunoglobulin (Ig) G (whole molecule) antibody. Sera were tested at dilutions of 1:20 and 1:40, and a cutoff of 1:160 was considered for serum positivity. CSF specimens were tested undiluted and at 1:2 dilution with further titrations in case of positivity. Anti-IgG–Fc and anti-IgM-µ secondary antibodies were used to confirm the exclusive presence of MOG-IgG in positive cases. CSF of 13 MOG-Abs seropositive cases and 36 patients with neurodegenerative conditions was analyzed as controls. Results Three seronegative cases had CSF MOG-Abs (4% of the whole cohort or 7% of cases excluding patients with MS, in which MOG-Abs seem to lack diagnostic relevance). In particular, 2 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and 1 with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis had MOG-Abs in CSF. Analysis with anti-IgG–Fc and anti-IgM confirmed the exclusive presence of MOG-IgG in the CSF of these patients. Among the control group, MOG-Abs were detectable in the CSF of 8 of 13 MOG-Ab–seropositive cases and in none of the patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion Although serum is the optimal specimen for MOG-Ab testing, analyzing CSF could improve diagnostic sensitivity in seronegative patients. This observation has relevant diagnostic impact and might provide novel insight into the biological mechanisms of MOG-Ab synthesis.
Ending the HIV Pandemic: Optimizing the Prevention and Treatment Toolkits.

Unprecedented basic and clinical biomedical research advances over the past 4 decades have led to the development of "toolkits" of highly effective interventions for preventing and treating HIV. Despite many successes in decreasing incidence and mortality of HIV, major challenges remain in the goal of ending the HIV pandemic in the United States and globally. Overcoming these challenges will require optimization of the implementation of existing interventions for HIV prevention and treatment together with the continued development of new and innovative approaches that can be readily utilized by individuals with HIV and those at risk of infection.
Assessment of Mouse Handling Techniques During Cage Changing.

Mouse handling during cage changing and health evaluation has traditionally been performed by using forceps. This method was adopted as a biosecurity measure but can adversely affect employee ergonomics and rodent behavior. In this study, we evaluated alternative methods of rodent handling and their potential implications for efficiency, biosecurity, and animal welfare. Study groups included plastic cups, gloved hands, 2 methods of tunnel handling, and forceps. Evaluations included speed of cage change, ATP-based assessment of sanitization, and retrospective analysis of colony health and breeding data. The time to change 14 cages was significantly faster at each time point for the gloved hands and forceps groups as compared with the other methods. Overall speed did not increase significantly with each subsequent study week for anygroup. ATP levels after sanitization with hydrogen peroxide-peracetic acid mixture differed significantly between gloves and forceps. When ATP level was evaluated on a per-cm2 basis, no significant difference between gloves and forceps was detected. Although tunnel and cup handling both increased the time for cage-changing, the tunnel served as both an indirect handling method and a shelter when left within the cage. Retrospective analysis revealed that breeding performance and colony health were similar among groups. Although efficiency is a concern for large-scale implementation of novel handling methods, the tunnel method may prove beneficial for sensitive strains or studies requiring indirect handling. In addition, using gloved hands to directly handle mice during cage changing is efficient and avoids the ergonomic strain associated with forceps. Precautions should be taken when handling mice with gloves, given that the increased contact area carries an increased load of organic debris. Changing gloves between rack sides or before proceeding to the animals belonging to adifferent investigator minimizes the potential for cross-contamination.
Establishing the Training Needs of Kenyan University Fashion and Apparel Design Graduates

The production of textiles and apparel plays a vital role in the economy of countries. The university training should be designed to boost the growth of the fashion and apparel (FA) industry. The objective of this paper is to determine the training needs of Kenyan university fashion and apparel design graduates. Descriptive survey was used to collect data at Kenyatta, Maseno, Egerton, University of Eldoret (UoE), University of Eastern Africa-Baraton (UEAB) and fashion and apparel design (FAD) firms in Nairobi, Nakuru, Mombasa, Athi River, Eldoret and Kisumu. The target population was Kenyan university undergraduate fashion and apparel design students (UUFADSs) and university fashion and apparel design graduates (UFADGs). Purposive and snowball sampling were employed to select 177 respondents. Data collection methods were questionnaires and document analysis. Qualitative data were coded according to patterns and themes and presented descriptively. Quantitative data was analyzed and summarized using descriptive statistics then presented in tables and pie chart. The UFADGs lacked specialization, had little practical experience and industrial exposure. In view of the finding, this paper recommends that the universities should liaise with FA industries and design a more practical fashion and apparel design (FAD) curriculum as well as ensuring maximum exposure of UUFADSs to the industry.
The Erythropoietic Receptors Agonists: FDA Warnings, Changing Guidelines, and Other Responses to Negative Data

In 2006, two large, international, randomized trials comparing high-intensity to low-intensity treatment with epoetin alfa were published. Both trials demonstrated that low-intensity treatment—with goal serum hemoglobin values of 11.3 or 10.5 to 11.5 g/dL, respectively—was associated with improved outcomes in patients with anemia and nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease. Over the following 6 to 12 months, regulatory agencies, insurers, and hospital systems would react, sometimes dramatically, as further literature became available that caused a rethinking of the appropriate use of these valuable agents. This article will summarize the response to recent literature regarding the administration of erythropoietic stimulating agents.
Enhancing the antioxidative effects of foods containing rutin and α-amino acids via the Maillard reaction: A model study focusing on rutin-lysine system.

Rutin is a bioflavonoid found in many plants and derived foods, accordingly, rutin likely interacts with α-amino acids such as Lys, Ile, His or Glu to give Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The heated rutin-Lys system exhibited highest brown intensity and in vitro antioxidant activities. The 30-50 kDa rutin-Lys fraction had higher in vitro antioxidant activities than the other fractions, and at a dose of 0.4 mg/ml preserved over 90% cell viability for HepG2 cells exposed to H2 O2 . The dose-dependent protective effects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress of the rutin-Lys MRPs may involve the inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation, enhancement of the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, along with the activation of the Nrf2-dependent pathway and upregulation of phase II antioxidant genes (including NQO1, HO-1, GCLG, and GCLM). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Rutin is widely distributed in vegetables and grains. The Maillard reaction is a common reaction occurring during food processing, and produces Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with distinct processing and biological properties. This study shows that a 30-min thermal treatment at 120°C generates antioxidative MRPs in the rutin-Lys, rutin-His, rutin-Ile and rutin-Glu model systems, which can directly inhibit reactive oxygen species generation and enhance SOD and CAT activities while activating the Nrf2-dependent pathway and upregulating the expression of phase II detoxifying antioxidant genes. Therefore, for food systems containing phenolic antioxidants and proteins (such as rutin and Lys), one may enhance the antioxidant properties of these food systems through a 30-min thermal treatment at 120°C. Also, the resultant rutin-Lys MRPs may be isolated and used as commercial preparations of natural antioxidants.
A transdiagnostic model of psychiatric symptom co‐occurrence and autism spectrum disorder

Understanding whether the co‐occurrence of psychiatric symptoms within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are specific to the ASD diagnosis or reflect similar higher‐order patterns observed in both ASD and non‐ASD samples, or a confluence of the two, is of critical importance. If similar, it would suggest that comorbid psychiatric conditions among individuals with ASD are not symptoms of specific, non‐ASD psychiatric disorders per se, but reflect a general liability to psychopathology associated with ASD. To this end, the current study examined whether the higher‐order structure of co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms was the same within ASD and non‐ASD youth. Parents of clinic‐referred youth with (n = 280) and without (n = 943) ASD completed a DSM‐IV‐referenced psychiatric symptom rating scale. A confirmatory factor analytic framework was used to examine four levels of measurement invariance across groups to determine the extent to which transdiagnostic factors were comparable. Transdiagnostic factors were characterized by symptoms of the same disorders (configural invariance) and the same factor loadings across groups (metric invariance). Furthermore, both groups evidenced equivalent numbers of symptoms of most psychiatric conditions with the notable exceptions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social anxiety (partial strong invariance), which were higher in the ASD sample. It was concluded that disparities in the co‐occurrence of psychiatric symptoms between youth with and without ASD may be largely reflective of transdiagnostic factor level differences associated with ASD and not indicative of the ASD diagnosis per se. However, for ADHD and social anxiety, there appears to be some specific associations with the ASD diagnosis. Autism Res 2020, 13: 579–590. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myomesin is part of an integrity pathway that responds to sarcomere damage and disease

The structure and function of the sarcomere of striated muscle is well studied but the steps of sarcomere assembly and maintenance remain under-characterized. With the aid of chaperones and factors of the protein quality control system, muscle proteins can be folded and assembled into the contractile apparatus of the sarcomere. When sarcomere assembly is incomplete or the sarcomere becomes damaged, suites of chaperones and maintenance factors respond to repair the sarcomere. Here we show evidence of the importance of the M-line proteins, specifically myomesin, in the monitoring of sarcomere assembly and integrity in previously characterized zebrafish muscle mutants. We show that myomesin is one of the last proteins to be incorporated into the assembling sarcomere, and that in skeletal muscle, its incorporation requires connections with both titin and myosin. In diseased zebrafish sarcomeres, myomesin1a shows an early increase of gene expression, hours before chaperones respond to damaged muscle. We found that myomesin expression is also more specific to sarcomere damage than muscle creatine kinase, and our results and others support the use of myomesin assays as an early, specific, method of detecting muscle damage.
“But I’m not going to be a mental health nurse”: nursing students’ perceptions of the influence of experts by experience on their attitudes to mental health nursing

Abstract Background Mental health nursing skills and knowledge are vital for the provision of high-quality healthcare across all settings. Negative attitudes of nurses, towards both mental illness and mental health nursing as a profession, limit recognition of the value of these skills and knowledge. Experts by Experience have a significant role in enhancing mental health nursing education. The impact of this involvement on attitudes to mental health nursing has not been well researched. Aim To explore the impact of Expert by Experience-led teaching on students’ perceptions of mental health nursing. Methods Qualitative exploratory study involving focus groups with nursing students from five European countries and Australia. Results Following Expert by Experience-led teaching, participants described more positive views towards mental health nursing skills and knowledge in three main ways: learning that mental health is everywhere, becoming better practitioners, and better appreciation of mental health nursing. Conclusions Experts by experience contribute to promoting positive attitudinal change in nursing students towards mental health nursing skills and knowledge. Attitudinal change is essential for the provision of high-quality mental health care in specialist mental health services and throughout the healthcare sector.
Bortezomib and other proteosome inhibitors—induced peripheral neurotoxicity: From pathogenesis to treatment

Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), especially bortezomib (BTZ), have come to the forefront over the last years because of their unprecedented efficacy mainly against multiple myeloma (MM). Unfortunately, peripheral neuropathy (PN) secondary to treatment of MM with PIs has emerged as a clinically relevant complication, which negatively impacts the quality of life of MM survivors. Bortezomib‐induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) is a dose‐limiting toxicity, which develops in 30% to 60% of patients during treatment. Typically, BIPN is a length‐dependent sensory axonopathy characterized by numbness, tingling, and severe neuropathic pain in stocking and glove distribution. BIPN mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Experimental studies suggest that aggresome formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, myotoxicity, microtubule stabilization, inflammatory response, and DNA damage could contribute to this neurotoxicity. A new generation of structurally distinct PIs has been developed, being increasingly used in clinical settings. Carfilzomib exhibits a much lower neurotoxicity profile, with a significantly lower incidence of PN compared to BTZ. Pre‐existing PN increases the risk of developing BIPN. Besides, BIPN is related to dose, schedule and mode of administration and modifications of these factors have lowered the incidence of PN. However, to date there is no cure for PIs‐induced PN (PIIPN), and a careful neurological monitoring and dose adjustment is a key strategy for preserving quality of life. This review critically looks at the pathogenesis, incidence, risk factors, both clinical and pharmacogenetics, clinical phenotype and management of PIIPN. We also make recommendations for further elucidating the whole clinical spectrum of PIIPN.
The ineligibility of food products from across the EU for marketing to children according to two EU-level nutrient profile models

Background A variety of nutrient profiling models have been developed to restrict food marketing to children. Previous assessments have shown substantial differences in terms of model strictness and agreement, but EU-wide data on how leading products in the various national markets perform against these health-minded nutrition criteria are unavailable. Objective To evaluate the nutritional composition of the pre-packaged food offer in selected categories sold at scale in the EU using criteria of two nutrient profile models intended to restrict food marketing to children. Methods The nutrient profile models of the private-sector EU Pledge and of the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe were applied to a commercial database with sales and nutritional information of 2691 pre-packaged products from five product categories (breakfast cereals, ready meals, processed meat, processed seafood, and yoghurts) and 20 EU countries. This study describes the criteria not met, the product ineligibility rates, and the distances to the various criteria thresholds. Findings Between 48% (EU Pledge) and 68% (WHO Europe) of the 2691 products analysed were found to be ineligible for marketing to children. The criteria thresholds most often not met were those for total sugars (in breakfast cereals, yoghurts), salt (in processed meat, processed seafood, ready meals), and fibre (in breakfast cereals). Total and saturated fat criteria also played a substantial role in rendering yoghurt products ineligible, and the energy criterion did so for ready meals. Interpretation A large number of food products selling at scale in the EU do not meet the criteria of two EU-level nutrient profile models intended to restrict food marketing to children. Given the considerable market share of many such products, they are likely to be consumed widely and in some cases regularly, including by children, even without being marketed to them. Nutrient profile models could serve as benchmarking tools for monitoring and evaluating food product reformulation efforts.
Should lidocaine spray be used to ease nasogastric tube insertion? A double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of lidocaine nasal spray before nasogastric tube insertion in an emergency department. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomised controlled study. SETTING: Emergency department of a major regional hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS: A total of 206 adult patients, for whom nasogastric tube insertion was indicated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was discomfort gauged on a visual analogue scale, and Likert scale addressing difficulty of nasogastric tube insertion. RESULTS: Compared with placebo spray use, lidocaine spray use was associated with less patient discomfort, and less difficulty in nasogastric tube insertion, both difference being statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Intranasal lidocaine spray before nasogastric tube insertion was safe and effective in reducing patient discomfort related to the procedure.
Transparent electrodes based on graphene

Novel architectures of transparent electrodes incorporating graphene into its design are explored to improve the silicon-heterojunction-cell technology. Two configurations are studied based on the place where the atomic graphene is. The main results obtained reveal the dramatic dependence of atomic graphene position on the transparent-electrode properties. In addition, the electrode performance is also affected by the transparent conductive oxide material chosen in the designed structure. Specifically, the incorporation of graphene into an electrode shows a significant reduction of its sheet resistance (∼55 Ω/sq.) and the weighted reflectance of whole structure down up to ∼10% when combined with a transparent conductive oxide such as indium tin oxide. Such electrode shows an average conductance value as high as 13.12 mS. These data undergone so far clearly suggest the possibility to noticeably improve transparent electrode technology when graphene is incorporated, and therefore to further enhance the contact technology for solar cells.
AANA Journal Course 2, June 2001

*The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists is accredited as a provider of continuing education in nursing by the American Nurses Credentialing Center Commission on Accreditation. The AANA Journal course will consist of 6 successive articles, each with objectives for the reader and sources for additional reading. At the conclusion of the 6-part series, a final examination will be printed in the AANA Journal. Successful completion will yield the participant 6 CE credits (6 contact hours), code number: 23633, expiration date: July 31, 2002. Update for Nurse Anesthetists