Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ce que l'économie sociale et solidaire fait à l'entrepreneuriat

Etant donne leurs particularites, comment et sur quelles bases peut-on analyser les phenomenes entrepreneuriaux qui relevent de l'economie sociale et solidaire (ESS)? A partir d'une lecture critique des quatre paradigmes (creation de valeur, innovation, opportunite d'affaires et creation d'organisation) mis en evidence par Verstraete et Fayolle (2005), nous cherchons a analyser dans quelle mesure ils peuvent aider a etudier l'entrepreneuriat en ESS. Nous defendons la these que l'ESS questionne ces quatre paradigmes de l'entrepreneuriat. Cette prise de conscience de la pregnance des heritages issus notamment de l'economie, mais aussi des limites, d'une part de leur portee, d'autre part de certains de leurs postulats, nous amene a avancer trois propositions pour etudier l'entrepreneuirat en ESS et plus generalement tout phenomene entrepreneurial.
Patterns of tagging in OpenStreetMap data in urban areas

OpenStreetMap (OSM) contributors are free to apply any tags (key-value pairs) they wish to geographic objects in the OSM database. Guidance for tagging is provided by many sources (Wikis, OSM editors, mailing lists, etc). In general contributors do not always follow these guidelines. In this paper we develop an approach to extract and analyse patterns of tagging of OSM data in urban areas. We ﬁnd that there are local variations and other factors which see an in-homogeneous approach to tagging in diﬀerent cities and regions. Our results can contribute to developing ’best practice’ approaches for tagging in OSM.
Borderline cases between benignancy and malignancy of the duodenum diagnosed successfully by endoscopic submucosal dissection

Abstract Objective. Due to advances in endoscopic equipment, primary duodenal tumors are found more frequently than in the past. We performed endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to diagnose and treat four non-ampullary duodenal tumors. Material and methods. During endoscopic treatment, marks were placed around the circumference of the tumor and sufficient amounts of physiological saline with epinephrine were injected into the submucosal layer to elevate the lesion. An incision was made around the lesion using a long-type needle knife and the isolated lesion was resected completely “en bloc”. In this procedure, a cylindrical transparent hood was attached to the endoscopy apparatus to allow for satisfactory visualization of the procedure. Results. The mean age of the patients was 69 years. The patients consisted of two males and two females. Gross examination showed three flat, elevated lesions and one polypoid lesion. Tumor size ranged from 10 to 31 mm in maximum diameter. Histological examination revealed two cases of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas and two cases of tubular adenomas with severe atypia. Procedure-related complications consisting of perforation occurred in two cases and were resolved under close postoperative observation including antibiotics, use of a nasogastric tube and nil per oral feeding status. The mean follow-up period was 18 months and none of the patients experienced tumor recurrence after the treatment. Conclusions. Since tissue obtained from endoscopic biopsies can sometimes prove difficult for definitive histological diagnosis, ESD may play an important role in the management of cases appearing to border on malignancy. In addition, ESD allows for minimally invasive treatment without sacrificing the possibility of cure for duodenal carcinoma.
Gender differences in treatment and clinical characteristics among patients receiving extended release naltrexone

ABSTRACT Further research is needed to investigate real-world acceptability of extended-release naltrexone for alcohol and opioid use disorders, and potential gender differences. This study examines treatment and clinical characteristics among men and women receiving extended-release naltrexone in a large, publicly funded substance use disorder treatment system (N = 465; 52% female). Patient demographics, treatment characteristics, and the number of extended-release naltrexone doses received were collected from administrative data and treatment program staff. Additionally, patients provided information on experiences with extended-release naltrexone in an open-ended format at 1, 2, and 3 weeks following their first injection. For a subsample of patients (N = 220), alcohol/opioid cravings and specific adverse effects were also assessed. Compared to men, women reported experiencing a higher rate and mean number of adverse effects. Overall, craving scores showed substantial reductions over time. However, among patients taking extended-release naltrexone for alcohol use, women showed a significantly greater reduction in craving scores compared to men. No gender differences were observed in the number of extended-release naltrexone doses received. Although women may have a greater need for additional support in managing early adverse effects, extended-release naltrexone as an adjunct to psychosocial treatment may be an acceptable and promising treatment approach for both men and women, and particularly for women prescribed extended-release naltrexone for alcohol use. This study contributes further information on patients’ experiences during the early course of extended-release naltrexone treatment in real-world settings. Understanding these experiences may assist policy makers and treatment providers in addressing challenges of implementing this treatment into wider practice.
A Sharp Fitness Function for the Problem of Finding Roots of Polynomial Equations Systems

We experiment with several evolutionary algorithms for solving systems of polynomial equations with real coefficients. As a main difference with previous work, our algorithms can certify the correctness of the solutions they provide. This achievement is made possible by incorporating results from the field of numerical analysis to their fitness functions. We have performed an experimental comparison between the various proposed algorithms. The results of this comparison show that evolutionary and other local search algorithms can deal with the problem of solving systems of polynomial equations even for systems having many variables and high degree. Our main contribution is a nontrivial fitness function adjusted to the problem to be solved. This function is not based on any heuristics but on the fundamentals of numerical computation.
Sheaves of continuous definable functions

Let M be an o-minimal structure or a p-adically closed field. Let be the space of complete n-types over M equipped with the following topology: The basic open sets of are of the form Ũ = {p ∈ Sn (M): U ∈ p} for U an open definable subset of Mn. is a spectral space. (For M = K a real closed field, is precisely the real spectrum of K[X1, …, Xn]; see [CR].) We will equip with a sheaf of LM-structures (where LM is a suitable language). Again for M a real closed field this corresponds to the structure sheaf on (see [S]). Our main point is that when Th(M) has definable Skolem functions, then if p ∈ , it follows that M(p), the definable ultrapower of M at p, can be factored through Mp, the stalk at p with respect to the above sheaf. This depends on the observation that if M ≺ N, a ∈ Nn and f is an M-definable (partial) function defined at a, then there is an open M-definable set U ⊂ Nn with a ∈ U, and a continuous M-definable function g:U → N such that g(a) = f(a). In the case that M is an o-minimal expansion of a real closed field (or M is a p-adically closed field), it turns out that M(p) can be recovered as the unique quotient of Mp which is an elementary extension of M.
Young adults: vulnerable new targets of tobacco marketing.

OBJECTIVES We examined young adult smoking patterns and receptivity to cigarette advertising to assess vulnerability to tobacco marketing strategies. METHODS We obtained data from a telephone survey of 12,072 Massachusetts adults. RESULTS Smokers aged 18 to 30 years were more likely than older adults to smoke only occasionally and to consume fewer than 10 cigarettes per day. They also were more receptive to cigarette marketing and were more likely to be frequent patrons of bars and clubs. CONCLUSIONS Many young adult smokers are in the initiation phase of smoking and are likely to undergo a transition to either nonsmoking or heavier smoking. If unimpeded by regulation, tobacco promotion in bars and clubs is likely to lead to increased adult smoking prevalence.
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (Escherichia coli).

A covalently linked pyruvoyl group is essential for the enzymatic activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. A rapid purification method based on affinity chromatography is described for the isolation of this enzyme from an E. coli K12 strain which contains a plasmid containing the structural gene for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and which overproduces this enzyme. The purified enzyme contains one pyruvate moiety on each of six subunits. The enzyme is inactivated by incubation with carbonyl group reagents such as NaBa and phenylhydrazine; after inactivation, 1 mol of lactate or 1 mol of phenylhydrazone is found/mol of enzyme subunit. The enzyme is also inactivated by NaCNB& but only in the presence of either substrate or product and the divalent metal ion activator M&‘; inactivation is accompanied by incorporation of 1 mol of the product, decarboxylated adenosylmethionine, per mol of enzyme subunit, suggesting that the pyruvoyl group participates in catalysis by formation of a Schiff base with the substrate. Equilibrium dialysis studies indicated a single substrate (or product) binding site/enzyme subunit.
Renal magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose of reviewCurrent magnetic resonance imaging systems allow the visualization of normal and diseased kidney, with exquisite resolution of renal structures. Dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging has the potential, unique among all noninvasive modalities, to differentiate diseases that affect different portions of the vascular-nephron system. This article reviews the most important recently published studies in selected topics chosen because of their clinical relevance or potential for technical developments. Recent findingsMagnetic resonance imaging is used increasingly to evaluate renal masses, the prenatal genitourinary system, urinary obstruction and infection, renal vasculature, and the kidneys of transplant donors and recipients. Dynamic contrast magnetic resonance renography based on gadolinium chelated to diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, a safe (non-nephrotoxic) paramagnetic agent, emerges as the functional renal imaging modality of choice. Both perfusion and filtration rates can be assessed in individual kidney. SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging has the potential to provide a complete anatomic, physiologic, kidney-specific evaluation. With future advances in automated image analysis methods we can expect functional renal magnetic resonance imaging to play an influential role in management of renal disease.
Acute and chronic effects of propranolol and primidone in essential tremor

We studied the acute and chronic effects of propranolol and primidone in essential tremor by administering long-acting propranolol (80 to 160 mg/d) and primidone (50 to 250 mg/d) to 50 patients. We evaluated patients at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment and assessed tremor by subjective rating by patients, clinical scoring, and tremorgraphic (accelerometer) recordings. Acute adverse reactions occurred in 8% with propranolol and 32% with primidone. Propranolol was without therapeutic effect in 30%, and 32% had no benefit from primidone. Significant chronic side effects occurred in 17% taking propranolol and in 0% with primidone. Tolerance to drug effect occurred with chronic treatment in 12.5% of patients with propranolol and 13.0% with primidone. We conclude that propranolol and primidone are effective long-term treatment for some patients with essential tremor. Acute adverse reactions with primidone and side effects with chronic use of propranolol hamper therapy.
Real-time image acquisition and deblurring for underwater gravel extraction by smartphone

Gravel size distribution is an important aspect of stream investigation. Using water photography to determine such distribution is a simple and cost-effective approach for gathering instream gravel information. However, good-quality images of underwater gravels in shallow areas are difficult to acquire because of the flow- and wind-induced perturbation at water surface. Thus, two Lucy–Richardson iterations are applied on an averaged image to obtain a deblurred image for gravel extraction. A Matlab code for multi-frame image averaging and image deblurring is implemented on a laptop computer. Underwater gravel images are acquired using a video camera and processed offline. Thus, the usability of the images acquired during field investigation cannot be determined immediately. However, returning to the investigated streams for additional data gathering would be costly, and the cameras may accidentally be dropped into the water. This paper presents multi-frame image averaging and image deblurring smartphone-based approaches for underwater gravel extraction. A waterproof smartphone is used to acquire the images, on which image deblurring is immediately conducted to test whether the images can be used for gravel extraction. The averaged image of using mean-based filter is derived during real-time image acquisition. The deblurred image is derived block-by-block because of limited memory capacity of smartphones. The time consumed for acquiring 1500 frame images with size of 1280 × 720 pixels is approximately 6 min by Sony Xperia smartphones. Image averaging can be performed in real time during image acquisition. Image deblurring is accomplished accurately and is consistent with results of the Matlab code. The processing time for image deblurring is approximately 12 min. A compact system for underwater gravel investigation using smartphones is successfully developed in this study. Image acquisition and deblurring are completed in real time at the investigated fields. Thus, we can immediately test whether the acquired images are usable for gravel extraction, thereby improving investigation efficiency significantly.
Depression and cancer mortality: a meta-analysis

Background The goal of the present study was to analyze associations between depression and mortality of cancer patients and to test whether these associations would vary by study characteristics. Method Meta-analysis was used for integrating the results of 105 samples derived from 76 prospective studies. Results Depression diagnosis and higher levels of depressive symptoms predicted elevated mortality. This was true in studies that assessed depression before cancer diagnosis as well as in studies that assessed depression following cancer diagnosis. Associations between depression and mortality persisted after controlling for confounding medical variables. The depression–mortality association was weaker in studies that had longer intervals between assessments of depression and mortality, in younger samples and in studies that used the Beck Depression Inventory as compared with other depression scales. Conclusions Screening for depression should be routinely conducted in the cancer treatment setting. Referrals to mental health specialists should be considered. Research is needed on whether the treatment of depression could, beyond enhancing quality of life, extend survival of depressed cancer patients.
Pulmonary embolism: what have we learned since Virchow?: treatment and prevention.

R udolf Virchow, the brilliant 19th century pathologist, was the first to recognize that blood clots in the pulmonary artery originate as venous thrombi. He stated: “The detachment of larger or smaller fragments from the end of the softening thrombus which are carried along by the current of blood and driven into remote vessels. This gives rise to the very frequent process on which I have bestowed the name of Embolia. ”1 All discussions of the pathogenesis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) begin with Virchow’s triad as follows: hypercoagulability; stasis; and injury to the vessel wall.2 If one examines the commonly accepted risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE),3,4 nearly all fall into one or more of these categories, as shown in Table 1. The most important risk factor for VTE is inherited or acquired hypercoagulability. The first three inherited coagulopathies to be discovered (antithrombin III deficiency,5 protein C deficiency,6 and protein S deficiency5) are uncommon in the general population and are infrequent in patients with VTE (2 to 5%). However, as shown in Table 2, the five most recently discovered hypercoagulable states are far more frequent in the general population. Hypercoagulable states are now recognized in 25% of patients with VTE.7 The incidence of hypercoagulable states is even higher in patients with idiopathic VTE and in patients with recurrent VTE.8 With time, we will discover additional genetic defects that lead to hypercoagulability, such that the majority of patients with VTE will be found to have a hypercoagulable state. The commonly accepted risk factors for VTE (Table 1) act as precipitants of VTE in patients who have an underlying hypercoagulable state. For example, a 1995 study9 demonstrated that women with inherited clotting defects have a 9-fold to 19-fold increase in VTE if they use oral contraceptive agents. If these speculations are correct, the detection of a hypercoagulable state10–15 could lead to a more focused approach to VTE prophylaxis. Prophylaxis would be directed to those patients with hypercoagulability when they are exposed to one of the precipitants of (ie, risk factors for) VTE, such as surgery, trauma, cancer, and pregnancy. Even better, it might be possible to utilize gene therapy or other procedures to permanently eliminate the hypercoagulable state. If this were to be possible, the incidence of VTE could be decreased markedly, saving thousands of lives, and saving millions of dollars that currently are spent for the diagnosis and treatment of VTE. Further review articles on pulmonary embolism might not be needed.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity is associated with plasmatic antioxidant capacity, nutrient intake and lipid and DNA damage in healthy women

Abstract Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) seems to be associated with reducing risk of diseases. However, data about the influence of the DTAC on oxidative stress parameters are scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the DTAC and its influence on plasma total antioxidant capacity (PTAC), and damage to lipids, proteins and DNA in healthy women. It was found a positive correlation between DTAC and PTAC in young and healthy subjects, where presumably the endogenous defenses are fully functional. DTAC and PTAC were positively correlated with the intake of known antioxidants, including vitamin C and polyphenols. The DTAC exhibited a negative correlation with lipid oxidative damage, while PTAC showed a negative correlation with DNA damage. This data contributes to better understanding of the recommended dietary antioxidant intake for promoting health.
Left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a commonly sustained atrial arrhythmia with associated morbidity and mortality. AF is associated with increased risk of thromboembolism and stroke, requiring use of anticoagulation. Anticoagulation decreases the risk of stroke but is associated with a higher risk of bleeding, necessitating discontinuation in some patients. The left atrial appendage is the likely source of thrombus in the majority of patients with AF. This has led to the development of left atrial appendage occlusion as a means to reduce stroke risk in patients who have a contraindication to long‐term anticoagulation. Multiple implantable devices have surfaced in the last few years, with some promising prospects. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the indications and use of these devices for left atrial appendage occlusion.
Telomere-related lung fibrosis is diagnostically heterogeneous but uniformly progressive

Heterozygous mutations in four telomere-related genes have been linked to pulmonary fibrosis, but little is known about similarities or differences of affected individuals. 115 patients with mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) (n=75), telomerase RNA component (TERC) (n=7), regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) (n=14) and poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) (n=19) were identified and clinical data were analysed. Approximately one-half (46%) had a multidisciplinary diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); others had unclassifiable lung fibrosis (20%), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (12%), pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (10%), interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (7%), an idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (4%) and connective tissue disease-related interstitial fibrosis (3%). Discordant interstitial lung disease diagnoses were found in affected individuals from 80% of families. Patients with TERC mutations were diagnosed at an earlier age than those with PARN mutations (51±11 years versus 64±8 years; p=0.03) and had a higher incidence of haematological comorbidities. The mean rate of forced vital capacity decline was 300 mL·year−1 and the median time to death or transplant was 2.87 years. There was no significant difference in time to death or transplant for patients across gene mutation groups or for patients with a diagnosis of IPF versus a non-IPF diagnosis. Genetic mutations in telomere related genes lead to a variety of interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnoses that are universally progressive. Mutations in four telomere-related genes lead to progressive pulmonary fibrosis, regardless of ILD diagnosis http://ow.ly/TH2B300Yjvt
Diacylglycerol and Its Formation by Phospholipase C Regulate Rab- and SNARE-dependent Yeast Vacuole Fusion*

Although diacylglycerol (DAG) can trigger liposome fusion, biological membrane fusion requires Rab and SNARE proteins. We have investigated whether DAG and phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) have a role in the Rab- and SNARE-dependent homo-typic vacuole fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vacuole fusion was blocked when DAG was sequestered by a recombinant C1b domain. DAG underwent ATP-dependent turnover during vacuole fusion, but was replenished by the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to DAG by PLC. The PLC inhibitors 3-nitrocoumarin and U73122 blocked vacuole fusion in vitro, whereas their inactive homologues did not. Plc1p is the only known PLC in yeast. Yeast cells lacking the PLC1 gene have many small vacuoles, indicating defects in protein trafficking to the vacuole or vacuole fusion, and purified Plc1p stimulates vacuole fusion. Docking-dependent Ca2+ efflux is absent in plc1Δ vacuoles and was restored only upon the addition of both Plc1p and the Vam7p SNARE. However, vacuoles purified from plc1Δ strains still retain PLC activity and significant 3-nitrocoumarin- and U73122-sensitive fusion, suggesting that there is another PLC in S. cerevisiae with an important role in vacuole fusion.