Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Logical Weak Completions of Paraconsistent Logics

Let P be an arbitrary theory and let X be any given logic. Let M be a set of atoms. We say that M is a X-stable model of P if M is a classical model of P and P∪¬M~ proves in logic X all atoms in M, this is denoted by P∪¬M~ ⊩xM. We prove that being an X-stable model is an invariant property for disjunctive programmes under a large class of logics. Two kinds of logics are mainly considered: paraconsistent logics and normal modal logics. For modal logics we use a translation proposed by Gelfond that replaces ¬a with ¬□a. As a consequence we prove that several semantics (recently introduced) for non-monotonic reasoning are equivalent for disjunctive programmes. In addition, we show that such semantics can be characterized by a fixed-point operator in terms of classical logic. We also present a simple translation of a disjunctive programme D into a normal programme N, such that the PStable model semantics of N corresponds to the stable semantics of D over the common language. We present the formal proof of this statement.
Content Distribution Network Interconnection (CDNI) Problem Statement

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) provide numerous benefits for cacheable content: reduced delivery cost, improved quality of experience for End Users, and increased robustness of delivery. For these reasons, they are frequently used for large-scale content delivery. As a result, existing CDN Providers are scaling up their infrastructure, and many Network Service Providers (NSPs) are deploying their own CDNs. It is generally desirable that a given content item can be delivered to an End User regardless of that End User's location or attachment network. This is the motivation for interconnecting standalone CDNs so they can interoperate as an open content delivery infrastructure for the end-to-end delivery of content from Content Service Providers (CSPs) to End Users. However, no standards or open specifications currently exist to facilitate such CDN Interconnection. The goal of this document is to outline the problem area of CDN Interconnection for the IETF CDNI (CDN Interconnection) working group. This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
Super-resolution from digital cinema to ultra high definition television using image registration of wavelet multi-scale components

Quality of image super-resolution (SR) degrades by noise component. However it should not be eliminated because it is important for high definition impression for digital cinema. Therefore we propose an image SR method by synthesis of resolution-enhanced signal and noise components respectively after dividing an original image into signal and noise components. The signal component is resolution-enhanced using image registration between the signal component and its wavelet multi-scale components with resolution-enhanced parameter optimization.
Competitiveness of Southern Forest Products Markets in a Global Economy: Trends and Predictions

The purpose of this study was to identify markets for, and competitors to, the United States forest industries in the next 30 years. The Global Forest Products Model was used to make predictions of international demand, supply, trade, and prices, conditional on the last RPA Timber Assessment projections for the United States. It was found that the United States, Japan and Europe would remain important markets out to 2030, but China would grow into the world’s largest importer of roundwood and manufactured products. Mexico would become an important importer of sawnwood and papers; and the Republic of Korea of wood panels and pulp. The United States’ share of exports of industrial roundwood and paper and paperboard would increase, while its exports of sawnwood would decline, replaced by exports from Canada, Finland, Austria, Chile, and New Zealand. Besides Finland and Austria, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand would remain the main competitors to U.S. exports of wood based panels.
CHAPTER 11 Catalysis of the Autoxidation of Aquated Sulfur Dioxide by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Transition Metal GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Complexes

The relationship between acid precipitation and the fate of sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the atmosphere has become the subject of intensive study in recent years. Fundamental questions about the multifarious pathways for the chemical transformation of S02 and NOx to oxyacids remain to be answered before a complete description of this complex reaction network can be provided. S02 and NOx can be oxidized to acidic sulfate and nitrate aerosols either homogeneously in the gas phase or heterogeneously in atmospheric microdroplets [1-3]. Field studies indicate that the relative importance of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes depends on a variety of climatological factors such as relative humidity and the intensity of incident solar radiation [4-9]. Until recently, most literature discussions of the oxidation ofS02 have focused on homogeneous gas-phase reactions involving hydroxyl (HO·) and hydroperoxyl (H02·) radicals. However, recent measurements have indicated that the rates of oxidation of S02 by H02· and organic peroxides are slower than previously thought [1]. Furthermore, the apparent oxidation rate of sulfur dioxide by HO· also does not appear to be sufficiently fast to account for observed sulfate formation rates in the atmosphere [2,3]. This is especially true in cases where rapid conversion of S02 has been observed under conditions of high humidity or at night in the
The effect of nitroglycerin on pacing-induced changes in myocardial oxygen consumption and metabolic coronary vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease.

UNLABELLED In the present study, we assessed the potential effect of nitroglycerin IV (NTG), a donor of exogenous nitric oxide, on metabolic coronary flow control in patients with coronary artery disease. In 12 patients scheduled for coronary artery surgery, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, coronary sinus blood flow (continuous thermodilution), myocardial oxygen supply (DVO2), and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were measured at sinus rhythm and in response to atrial pacing at 30 bpm greater than baseline sinus rate. These measurements were repeated during infusion of NTG 1 and 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). At control, in the absence of NTG, MVO2 increased from 13.7 +/- 3.4 mL O2/min during sinus rhythm to 19.3 +/- 5.5 mL O2/min during pacing. NTG 1 and 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) blunted the pacing-induced increase in MVO2 dose-dependently. During NTG 1 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), MVO2 increased from 12.9 +/- 3.3 mL O2/min at sinus rhythm to 17.3 +/- 4.7 mL O2/min during pacing (P = 0.01 versus control pacing); during NTG 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), MVO2 increased from 13.4 +/- 3.3 mL O2/min to 15.9 +/- 3.7 mL O2/min (P = 0.008 versus control pacing). However, the pacing-induced increase in DVO2 per mL O2/min increase in MVO2 (delta DVO2/delta MVO2), was significantly greater during the infusion of NTG 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (1.85 +/- 0.56; P = 0.023) compared with control (1.51 +/- 0.22). This was associated with an increase in coronary sinus hemoglobin oxygen saturation (30% +/- 5% at control pacing and 34% +/- 6% during pacing with NTG 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P = 0.018), which indicates that during the infusion of NTG, there was more metabolic coronary vasodilation than achievable solely on the basis of the metabolic stimulus. IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that nitroglycerin, a donor of exogenous nitric oxide, reduces pacing-induced increases in myocardial oxygen consumption and enhances metabolic coronary vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease, in whom endogenous nitric oxide activity may be reduced.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anger and Hostility, and Physical Health Status

Accumulating evidence suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked to both objective and subjective indices of poorer health. Less is known about processes that may explain this association. This study examined anger/hostility as a possible mediator and moderator of PTSD and health status among a sample of 134 medical patients. Participants completed a structured interview of PTSD and questionnaires assessing health perceptions and anger and data on physician-diagnosed illnesses were gathered from computerized databases. Trait anger and anger-in partially explained the association between PTSD and poorer general health perceptions. There was a significant association between anger-in and the presence of a circulatory disorder only in patients with PTSD.
A Stationary Sensor System to Support Manipulators for Safe Human-Robot Interaction

Here we present a hybrid sensor system consisting of a time-of-flight depth-imaging camera combined with a traditional stereo camera system. The unit can be mounted at the ceiling and delivers a 2 1/2-dimensional dataset that describes the scene beneath it. The combination of two different depth-imaging principles enables the system to compensate each single sensor's weaknesses and thus improve overall reliability under a wide range of operating conditions. The system aims at supervision of work areas, which is necessary prerequisite to enable safe human-robot interaction in a collaborating workspace. In this contribution, we will briefly describe application scenarios, which will benefit from employing our device. We will also discuss weaknesses of both, time-of-flight and stereo imaging. Based on that, we describe our hybrid-sensor approach and provide a description of a suitable method for system calibration. At the end we derive an algorithm for an adaptive combination of data from both sensors and describe it in more detail.
Perceived Peer Drinking Norms and Responsible Drinking in UK University Settings

Background: Heavy drinking is common among students at UK universities. US students overestimate how much their peers drink and correcting this through the use of social norm messages may promote responsible drinking. Objectives: We tested whether there is an association between perceived campus drinking norms and usual drinking behavior in UK university students and whether norm messages about responsible drinking correct normative misperceptions and increase students’ intentions to drink responsibly. Method: 1,020 UK university students took part in an online study. Participants were exposed to one of five message types: a descriptive norm, an injunctive norm, a descriptive and injunctive norm, or one of two control messages. Message credibility was assessed. Afterwards participants completed measures of intentions to drink responsibly and we measured usual drinking habits and perceptions of peer drinking. Results: Perceptions of peer drinking were associated modestly with usual drinking behavior, whereby participants who believed other students drank responsibly also drank responsibly. Norm messages changed normative perceptions, but not in the target population of participants who underestimated responsible drinking in their peers at baseline. Norm messages did not increase intentions to drink responsibly and although based on accurate data, norm messages were not seen as credible. Conclusions: In this UK based study, although perceived social norms about peer drinking were associated with individual differences in drinking habits, campus wide norm messages about responsible drinking did not affect students’ intentions to drink more responsibly. More research is required to determine if this approach can be applied to UK settings.
The Augmented Service Offering: A Conceptualization and Study of Its Impact on New Service Success

Unlike companies that produce tangible goods, service firms typically cannot rely on product advantage as a means for ensuring the success of a new service. Developing a competitive response to a tangible product may require significant investments of time and effort. In many cases, however, competitors can easily duplicate the core elements of a firm's new service. This fundamental difference between new products and new services means that managers who hope to find the keys to new-service success must look to factors other than sustainable product advantage. Chris Storey and Christopher Easingwood suggest that managers must understand the totality of the service offering from the customer's perspective. They explain that the purchase of a service is influenced not only by the service itself, but also by such factors as the service firm's reputation and the quality of the customer's interaction with the firm's systems and staff—in other words, by the augmented service offering (ASO). Using the results of a study they conducted in the consumer financial services industry in the U.K., they identify the components of the ASO, and they examine the relative contributions of these components to the success of new services. In their model, the ASO comprises three elements: the service product, service augmentation, and marketing support. The core of the ASO—the service product—includes such dimensions as product quality, product distinctiveness, and perceived risk. The study's results suggest that improvements in the service product open up new opportunities for the firm, but have only modest effects on sales and profitability. Rounding out the ASO model are service augmentation and marketing support. Service augmentation encompasses such dimensions as distribution strength, staff-customer interactions, and reputation. The customer recognizes and responds to these elements of the ASO, but they are not part of the product core. Marketing support involves those marketing and management actions that affect the quality of the product and its augmentation, even though customers typically are not aware of them. These elements include knowledge of the marketplace, training of contact staff, and internal marketing. Enhanced service augmentation has significant effects on profitability and sales for the firms in this study, but it does not offer enhanced opportunities. The marketing support elements contribute significantly to all aspects of performance for the firms in this study.
Hydrogen Strategic Complement of Oil, Coal, Gas and Renewable Energy

Aims: The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the technical and economic future of hydrogen energy compared to oil. Study Design: Simulation and Game Theory. Place and Duration of Study: This research was developed during 2012 in public company EP Petroecuador and National Polytechnic School in Quito, Ecuador, and December of 2012 in COSMOOIL-JOGMEC, Japan. Methodology: Strategies of global energy game should guide the future energy world. These strategies can be realized by managing flexibility price with Real Options Theory and produced quantity by using Nash equilibrium in cooperative industrial systems. We can calculate hydrogen volume that should exist in the global energy marketing in order to keep "petroleum status quo". Results: Hydrogen Investment is the future business! Conclusion: Although hydrogen was not properly understood as an alternative energy, it has emerged as strategic complement of oil in recent times. In this sense, we introduce the need for Tobin q*. It was modified for oil and hydrogen projects. Furthermore, q* permit us to maximize profitability and minimize risk simultaneously.
Two Mechanisms for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Inhibition by N-Terminal Modifications of RANTES

ABSTRACT C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is the primary coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Native chemokines that bind to CCR5 inhibit HIV-1 infection, albeit weakly, but chemically modified chemokines inhibit infection more efficiently. We have investigated the inhibitory mechanism of three N-terminally modified RANTES variants (AOP-, NNY-, and PSC-RANTES) with the MT-2 human T-cell line stably expressing either native or mutated CCR5. The RANTES analogues showed the same rank order (PSC > NNY > AOP) in their capacity to induce prolonged CCR5 internalization, inhibit surface reexpression, and prevent HIV-1 infection on MT-2 cells expressing wild-type CCR5 or CCR5 with four C-terminal serine phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine. None of the RANTES analogues caused internalization of a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain deletion mutant of CCR5, and each derivative had equal potency in inhibiting HIV-1 infection of MT-2 cells expressing this mutant. We conclude that the C-terminal cytoplasmic residues of CCR5 are necessary for receptor sequestration by RANTES analogues but that the process and the relative activity of each derivative are not dependent upon phosphorylation of the C-terminal serine residues. Two mechanisms of antiviral activity are demonstrated: receptor blockade and receptor sequestration. Potency correlates with the ability to induce CCR5 sequestration but not with receptor binding, suggesting that sequestration may make the greater contribution to antiviral activity.
CCR 2-positive monocytes recruited to inflamed lungs downregulate local CCL 2 chemokine levels

Ulrich A. Maus, Sandra Wellmann, Christine Hampl, William A. Kuziel, Mrigank Srivastava, Matthias Mack, M. Brett Everhart, Timothy S. Blackwell, John W. Christman, Detlef Schlöndorff, Rainer M. Bohle, Werner Seeger, and Jürgen Lohmeyer Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen; Medical Policlinic, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; and Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Modulation of human tumor antigen expression.

With membrane-enriched fractions prepared from human metastatic breast tissue used as immunogen, a group of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated that recognized several distinct antigens on breast and other carcinomas. The antibodies were found to react with established human tumor cells in culture as well as in immunohistochemical protocols using sections of primary and metastatic lesions. One MAb, B72.3, demonstrated a high degree of selective reactivity for human carcinomas in that no reactivity was found with a large number of different normal tissues. These MAbs were used to demonstrate the heterogeneity of expression of the tumor antigens as well as the intrinsic cellular factors (i.e., cell-cycle kinetics and clonal variability) that modulate their expression. Additional studies showed that recombinant human leukocyte interferon can act as a potent regulator of surface antigen expression on human carcinoma cells. Analysis of these cells by radioimmunoassay or flow cytometry revealed that interferon treatment resulted in a higher percentage of the cell population that bind the MAb to the surface antigen. Furthermore, interferon treatment also increases the level of expression for particular tumor antigen throughout the tumor cell population. Experimental models were also developed to investigate the active localization of a radiolabeled MAb by a human tumor xenograft in athymic mice. The results demonstrate active uptake of an 125I-B6.2 by a transplantable human breast tumor that expressed significant quantities of the B6.2-reactive 90 kD tumor antigen. In contrast, a human melanoma cell line grown as a solid, subcutaneous tumor in athymic mice did not localize the labeled B6.2 and does not express the associated 90 kD antigen. We report the generation and characterization of anti-breast carcinoma MAbs. These immunologic probes were used to study relevant breast tumor antigens, the factors that influence their level of expression, and the ability of human tumors grown in athymic mice to localize radiolabeled antibodies.
Pricing and managing life insurance risks

The aim of this thesis is to investigate about the quantitative models used for pricing and managing life insurance risks. It was done analyzing the existing literature about methods and models used in the insurance field in order to developing (1) new stochastic models for longevity and mortality risks and (2) new pricing functions for life insurance policies and options embedded in such contracts. The motivations for this research are to be searched essentially in: (1) a new risk-based solvency framework for the insurance industry, the so-called Solvency II project, that will becomes effective in 2013/2014; (2) a new IAS/IFRS fair value-based accounting for insurance contracts, the so-called IFRS 4 (Phase 2) project (to be approval); (3) more rigorous quantitative analysis required by the industry in pricing and risk management of life insurance risks. The first part of the thesis (first and second chapters) contains a review of the quantitative models used for interest rates and longevity/mortality modeling. The second part (remaining chapters) describes new methods and quantitative models that it thinks could be useful in the context of pricing and insurance risk management.
Discriminating Healthy Controls and Two Clinical Subgroups of Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Using Trunk Muscle Activation and Lumbosacral Kinematics of Postures and Movements: A Statistical Classification Model

Study Design. Statistical Classification Model for nonspecific chronic low back pain (NS-CLBP) patients and controls based on parameters of motor control. Objective. Develop a Statistical Classification Model to discriminate between 2 subgroups of NS-CLBP (Flexion Pattern [FP] and Active Extension Pattern [AEP]) and a control group using biomechanical variables quantifying parameters of motor control. Summary of Background Data. It has been well documented that many CLBP patients have motor control impairments of their lumbar spine. O’Sullivan proposed a mechanism-based classification system for NS-CLBP with motor control impairments based on a comprehensive subjective and physical examination to establish the relationship between pain provocation and spinal motor control. For the FP and AEP s, 2 groups defined by O’Sullivan and under investigation is this study, the motor control impairment is considered to be the mechanism maintaining their CLBP. No previous studies have used a Statistical Model with measurements of motor control impairment to subclassify NS-CLBP patients. Methods. Thirty-three NS-CLBP patients (20 FP and 13 AEP) and 34 asymptomatic subjects had synchronized lumbosacral kinematics and trunk muscle activation recorded during commonly reported aggravating postures and movements. Biomechanical variables were quantified and a Statistical Classification Model was developed. Results. The Statistical Model used 5 kinematic and 2 electromyography variables. The model correctly classified 96.4% of cases. Conclusion. Selected biomechanical variables were predictors for subgroup membership and were able to discriminate the 3 subgroups. This study adds further support toward the validation of the proposed classification system.
An improved automatic MPI code generation algorithm for parallelizing compilation

Open64 is an open source compiler with powerful analysis and widely used as a research and commercial development platform. However, it has not been designed and developed to realize MPI parallelization. There are many contributions in the paper. Firstly, the Open64 compiler infrastructure is showed. Secondly, the location of MPI code generation in the Open64 compiler architecture is analyzed. Thirdly, an Open64-based automatic generation algorithm for MPI code is presented. By the experiments of testing the NPB benchmarks, the results show that the approach not only has a high rate of parallel transformation, but also can produce correct MPI parallel programs.