Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered circadian rhythmicity in patients in the ICU.

BACKGROUND Patients in the ICU are thought to have abnormal circadian rhythms, but quantitative data are lacking. METHODS To investigate circadian rhythms in the ICU, we studied core body temperatures over a 48-h period in 21 patients (59 ± 11 years of age; eight men and 13 women). RESULTS The circadian phase position for 17 of the 21 patients fell outside the published range associated with morningness/eveningness, which determines the normative range for variability among healthy normal subjects. In 10 patients, the circadian phase position fell earlier than the normative range; in seven patients, the circadian phase position fell later than the normative range. The mean ± SD of circadian displacement in either direction (advance or delay) was 4.44 ± 3.54 h. There was no significant day-to-day variation of the 24-h temperature profile within each patient. Stepwise linear regression was performed to determine if age, sex, APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) III score, or day in the ICU could predict the patient-specific magnitude of circadian displacement. The APACHE III score was found to be significantly predictive of circadian displacement. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that circadian rhythms are present but altered in patients in the ICU, with the degree of circadian abnormality correlating with severity of illness.
Mining Data for Analyzing Student's Learning - A Survey

Social media provide a range of opportunities for understanding human behaviour through the large aggregate data sets that their operation collects. Data Mining is very useful in the field of education especially when examining students learning behaviour in online learning environment. Student's casual conversations on social media show the educational experiences, opinions, feelings and concern about the learning process. The data extracted from the social media provide valuable knowledge to inform student learning experience about how they positively taking the education and what are the benefits they gain from the education and what are their problems and issues.
Quantitative assessment of combination antimicrobial therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria in a murine pneumonia model.

BACKGROUND Combination antimicrobial therapy is clinically used as a last-resort strategy to control multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, selection of antibiotics is often empirical, and conventional assessment of combined drug effect has not been correlated to clinical outcomes. Here, we report a quantitative method to assess combined killing of antimicrobial agents against 2 multidrug-resistant bacteria. METHODS Combined time-kill studies were performed using clinically achievable concentrations for each 2-agent combination against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial burden observed at 24 h was mathematically modeled using a 3-dimensional response surface. Subsequently, a neutropenic murine pneumonia model with simulated clinical dosing exposures was used to validate our quantitative assessment of combined killing. RESULTS Different antimicrobial combinations were found to have varying efficacy against the multidrug-resistant bacteria. As predicted by our quantitative method, cefepime plus amikacin was found to be the most superior combination, which was evidenced by a reduction in tissue bacterial burden and prolonged survival of infected animals. CONCLUSIONS The consistency between the predictions of the mathematical model and in vivo observations substantiated the robustness of our quantitative method. These data highlighted a novel and promising method to guide rational selection of antimicrobial combination in the clinical setting.
CAN SPECIAL CONSUMPTION TAX INCREASE BE SOLUTION TO CURRENT DEFICIT

In this study, the period of 2005:01-2011:12, "Current Deficit" and "Special Consumption Tax" (SCT), whether or not the relationship between income tested. In this context, the series for both variables Phillips- Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) unit root tests, as a result become stationary after first differences of both series, they also concluded. In addition, in order to determine the causality between the variables and the Dolado-Lutkepohl Granger causality tests are completed. In this context, the current account deficit were detected in SCT, causality, causality from current deficit could not be identified Special Consumption Tax.
Effects of dilute HCl on yeast tRNAPhe and E. coli tRNA1fMet.

HCl treatment of yeast tRNA(Phe) under conditions generally used for excision of ;Y' base results in structure and conformation changes as monitored by line widths in the PMR spectra at 220 MHz and by optical rotation. Like exposure of E. coli tRNA(fMet) (1) causes similar changes in the PMR spectra and optical rotation although no residues are eliminated. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels provides evidence for aggregation in HCl-treated tRNA(fMet) (1). One must thus consider a general effect of HCl exposure as well as possible residue removal in assessing induced structural and conformation changes in tRNA.
Development and Characterization of MIR604 Resistance in a Western Corn Rootworm Population (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract mCry3A is one of only four proteins licensed for commercial use in Diabrotica control. Utilizing a colony of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, selected for resistance to mCry3A, we evaluated how mCry3A resistance was inherited and whether fitness costs were associated with mCry3A resistance. Reciprocal crosses between a selected colony and a control colony were performed; resulting progeny along with parent colonies were evaluated in dose toxicity assays, greenhouse assays, and seedling assays. Dose toxicity assay results were inconclusive, as the highest dose of protein tested did not produce sufficient mortality for accurate LC50 calculation. In whole-plant greenhouse assays on mCry3A-expressing corn, larval relative survival of the selected female × control male reciprocal cross was similar to that of the selected colony, while that of the control female × selected male was intermediate between the mCry3-selected colony and the control colony. However, when adult relative survival in whole-plant greenhouse assays was examined, no significant difference between the reciprocal crosses and the two parent colonies was detected. Heritability calculations based on both larval (0.66) and adult (1.03) survival data indicate that resistance to mCry3A is not inherited in a recessive manner. The selected colony was removed from selection pressure and evaluated after three or eight generations of removal. At three generations of removal from selection, a slight decrease in larval relative survival was detected compared with the selected colony. At eight generations of removal from selection, larval relative survival was comparable with that of the selected colony.
Effects of changing physiologic conditions on the in vivo quantification of hemodynamic variables in cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverting devices

Quantifying the hemodynamic environment within aneurysms and its change after deployment of flow diverting devices is important to assess the device efficacy and understand their long‐term effects. The purpose of this study was to estimate deviations in the quantification of the relative change of hemodynamic variables during flow diversion treatment of cerebral aneurysms due to changing physiologic flow conditions. Computational fluid dynamics calculations were carried out on three patient‐specific geometries. Three flow diverters were virtually implanted in each geometry and simulations were performed under five pulsatile flow conditions. Hemodynamic variables including aneurysm inflow rate, mean velocity, shear rate, and wall shear stress were quantified before and after stenting. Deviations in the relative change of these variables due to varying flow conditions were calculated. The results indicate that a change in the mean flow of the parent artery of approximately 30–50% can induce large deviations in the relative change of hemodynamic variables in the range of 30–80%. Thus, quantification of hemodynamic changes during flow diversion must be carried out carefully. Variations in the inflow conditions during the procedure may induce large deviations in the quantification of these changes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electric field driven jetting: an emerging approach for processing living cells

This paper reports for the first time the ability to process living cellular materials by means of electrified jets at electric field strengths of up to 2 kV/mm. Bio‐suspensions containing living human Jurkat cells at different concentrations were processed via this jetting approach. The jetting process was carried out at an electric field strength between 0.67 kV/mm and 2 kV/mm, corresponding to an applied voltage of 10–30 kV between two electrodes ∼15 mm apart. The Jurkat cells were jetted under sterile conditions, collected in petri dishes and incubated for 24 and 48 hours. During and after incubation, cells were assessed for survival and structural damage; cells were found to be unharmed and to retain their integrity under all electric field strengths examined. At all field strengths jetting took place in the unstable mode. Good correlation was observed between droplet distribution plots generated by way of laser spectroscopy and estimated values from measurements of droplet relics.
Laparoscopy compared with laparotomy for comprehensive surgical staging of uterine cancer: Gynecologic Oncology Group Study LAP2.

PURPOSE The objective was to compare laparoscopy versus laparotomy for comprehensive surgical staging of uterine cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with clinical stage I to IIA uterine cancer were randomly assigned to laparoscopy (n = 1,696) or open laparotomy (n = 920), including hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic cytology, and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The main study end points were 6-week morbidity and mortality, hospital length of stay, conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy, recurrence-free survival, site of recurrence, and patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes. RESULTS Laparoscopy was initiated in 1,682 patients and completed without conversion in 1,248 patients (74.2%). Conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy was secondary to poor visibility in 246 patients (14.6%), metastatic cancer in 69 patients (4.1%), bleeding in 49 patients (2.9%), and other cause in 70 patients (4.2%). Laparoscopy had fewer moderate to severe postoperative adverse events than laparotomy (14% v 21%, respectively; P < .0001) but similar rates of intraoperative complications, despite having a significantly longer operative time (median, 204 v 130 minutes, respectively; P < .001). Hospitalization of more than 2 days was significantly lower in laparoscopy versus laparotomy patients (52% v 94%, respectively; P < .0001). Pelvic and para-aortic nodes were not removed in 8% of laparoscopy patients and 4% of laparotomy patients (P < .0001). No difference in overall detection of advanced stage (stage IIIA, IIIC, or IVB) was seen (17% of laparoscopy patients v 17% of laparotomy patients; P = .841). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic surgical staging for uterine cancer is feasible and safe in terms of short-term outcomes and results in fewer complications and shorter hospital stay. Follow-up of these patients will determine whether surgical technique impacts pattern of recurrence or disease-free survival.
Increase software trustability with self-testable classes in Java

The rise of component-based software development poses the problem of components trustability. To know whether a given component can be used within a certain context, there must be a way of telling what the component is supposed to do (its contract) without entering into the details of the how. Based on this idea, we have proposed a general Design-for-Trustability methodology ("DfT"), starting from simple self-testing of individual classes to optimized integration testing, This paper describes the "DfT" methodology, the self-testable class model that supports it and the associated tools for Java development.
Negotiating Public Spaces: The Right to the Gendered City and the Right to Difference

Negotiating public spaces has become part of everyday life in globalized urban spaces where individuals and communities of different ethnicities, races, cultural backgrounds, or religious orientations struggle for territorial control. The paper illustrates a conflict entailing the denial of the right to use of secular women living in Jerusalem of certain public spaces in the city in the name of the right to difference of the ultra-orthodox community living in Mea Shearim neighborhood in Jerusalem.
Reduced Antibody Forming Capacity During the Incubation Period of Passage A Leukemia in C3H Mice.∗

Summary Injection of Gross's passage A leukemia virus in newborn C3Hf/Bi mice interferes with the development of their responsiveness to bacteriophage T2. This deficiency was present in mice antigenically stimulated at 3 weeks and 9 weeks of age, and, notably, before obvious malignant cells are present.
Nexus between financial inclusion and economic growth: Evidence from the emerging Indian economy

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to assess the nexus between the vast dimensions of financial inclusion and economic development of the emerging Indian economy. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, vector auto-regression (VAR) models and Granger causality test were followed to test the main research question in Indian context. The data were collected on various dimensions of financial inclusion and economic development for the period 2004-2013. Findings - Empirical results and discussion suggest that there is a positive association between economic growth and various dimensions of financial inclusion, specifically banking penetration, availability of banking services and usage of banking services in terms of deposits. Granger causality analysis reveals a bi-directional causality between geographic outreach and economic development and a unidirectional causality between the number of deposits/loan accounts and gross domestic product. The results obtained favor social banking experiments in India with a deepening of banking institutions. Research limitations/implications - This study is limited to the banking institutions and specifically to the emerging and developing economies. Practical implications - This study analyzes the quantitative value of social banking experiments and governments’ efforts to enhance financial inclusion in terms of economic growth. Social implications - Financial inclusion plays a key role in developing a strong and an efficient financial infrastructure, which facilitates the growth of an economy. The findings of the study reveal that there is a strong association between banking penetration and growth. The discussion leads in the favor of deepening of the banking institutions, and therefore, policymakers can look forward to these findings to maintain a sustainable-inclusive-developed economic system in an emerging economy like India. Originality/value - This study is original in nature and includes recent evidence and efforts to promote financial inclusion in the Indian economy. The findings of this study will be of value to banks and policymakers.
Incidental Pancreatic Cysts: Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract The widespread adoption of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of intraabdominal pathology has resulted to a steady increase in the number of incidentally discovered pancreatic cysts in clinical practice during the last decades. The differential diagnosis of these cysts is broad including pseudocysts, serous cystic neoplasms, mucinous cystic neoplasms, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. The MRI has an important role both in the initial characterization of incidentally detected pancreatic cysts and the follow-up of these lesions and has become an integral part of the diagnostic algorithm for pancreatic cysts at many institutions. The inherent soft-tissue contrast of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography provides the vehicle for providing a specific diagnosis in many pancreatic cysts. Furthermore, an MRI-based characterization of pancreatic cysts allows for selection of those cysts that are more likely to benefit from endoscopic ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration for analysis of the fluid contents. Moreover, small asymptomatic incidental pancreatic cysts without concerning MRI features such as internal septae and/or nodularity may be safely followed with serial imaging. The lack of risk associated to repeated exposure to ionizing radiation and its ability to characterize pancreatic cysts are strong arguments for selecting MRI as the preferred imaging modality for following up these lesions. However, the recommendations for imaging follow-up continue to evolve, and several of the proposed guidelines are reviewed in this manuscript.
Insights to memristive memory cell from a reliability perspective

The scaling roadmap of devices under a “more than Moore” scenario is resulting in the emergence of new types of devices. Among them, memristors seem to be promising candidates to be suitable for various areas of application such as in memories and neuromorphic computing chips. However, memristive devices still face some challenges to be resolved before becoming a mainstream. This work analyzes the impact of two of the main reliability concerns in the design of memristive memories: variability and degradation, and proposes circuit solution to enhance their reliability.
Discovery of a Novel Allosteric Modulator of 5-HT3 Receptors

Background: The 5-HT3 receptors belong to the Cys-loop receptor superfamily. Results: The novel 5-HT3 antagonist PU02 (6-[(1-naphthylmethyl)thio]-9H-purine) is discovered, and its mechanism of action is delineated. Conclusion: PU02 is a potent and selective negative allosteric modulator of 5-HT3 receptors acting through a transmembrane intersubunit site in the receptors. Significance: The study highlights the transmembrane subunit interface in the Cys-loop receptor as a hot spot for allosteric modulation. The ligand-gated ion channels in the Cys-loop receptor superfamily mediate the effects of neurotransmitters acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, and glycine. Cys-loop receptor signaling is susceptible to modulation by ligands acting through numerous allosteric sites. Here we report the discovery of a novel class of negative allosteric modulators of the 5-HT3 receptors (5-HT3Rs). PU02 (6-[(1-naphthylmethyl)thio]-9H-purine) is a potent and selective antagonist displaying IC50 values of ∼1 μm at 5-HT3Rs and substantially lower activities at other Cys-loop receptors. In an elaborate mutagenesis study of the 5-HT3A receptor guided by a homology model, PU02 is demonstrated to act through a transmembrane intersubunit site situated in the upper three helical turns of TM2 and TM3 in the (+)-subunit and TM1 and TM2 in the (−)-subunit. The Ser248, Leu288, Ile290, Thr294, and Gly306 residues are identified as important molecular determinants of PU02 activity with minor contributions from Ser292 and Val310, and we propose that the naphthalene group of PU02 docks into the hydrophobic cavity formed by these. Interestingly, specific mutations of Ser248, Thr294, and Gly306 convert PU02 into a complex modulator, potentiating and inhibiting 5-HT-evoked signaling through these mutants at low and high concentrations, respectively. The PU02 binding site in the 5-HT3R corresponds to allosteric sites in anionic Cys-loop receptors, which emphasizes the uniform nature of the molecular events underlying signaling through the receptors. Moreover, the dramatic changes in the functional properties of PU02 induced by subtle changes in its binding site bear witness to the delicate structural discrimination between allosteric inhibition and potentiation of Cys-loop receptors.
A ROLE FOR BENZAMIL‐SENSITIVE PROTEINS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SALT‐DEPENDENT HYPERTENSION

1 Although increasing evidence suggests that salt‐sensitive hypertension is a disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), little is known about the critical proteins (e.g. ion channels or exchangers) that play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. 2 Central pathways involved in the regulation of arterial pressure have been investigated. In addition, systems such as the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis, initially characterized in the periphery, are present in the CNS and seem to play a role in the regulation of arterial pressure. 3 Central administration of amiloride, or its analogue benzamil hydrochloride, has been shown to attenuate several forms of salt‐sensitive hypertension. In addition, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) benzamil effectively blocks pressor responses to acute osmotic stimuli, such as i.c. v. hypertonic saline. Amiloride or its analogues have been shown to interact with the brain renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and to effect the expression of endogenous ouabain‐like compounds. Alterations of brain RAAS function and/or endobain expression could play a role in the interaction between amiloride compounds and arterial pressure. Peripheral treatments with benzamil, even at higher doses than those given centrally, have little or no effect on arterial pressure. These data provide strong evidence that benzamil‐sensitive proteins (BSPs) of the CNS play a role in cardiovascular responsiveness to sodium. 4 Mineralocorticoids have been linked to human hypertension; many patients with essential hypertension respond well to pharmacological agents antagonizing the mineralocorticoid receptor and certain genetic forms of hypertension are caused by chronically elevated levels of aldosterone. The deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt model of hypertension is a benzamil‐sensitive model that incorporates several factors implicated in the aetiology of human disease, including mineralocorticoid action and increased dietary sodium. The DOCA‐salt model is ideal for investigating the role of BSPs in the pathogenesis of hypertension, because mineralocorticoid action has been shown to modulate the activity of at least one benzamil‐sensitive protein, namely the epithelial sodium channel. 5 Characterizing the BSPs involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension may provide a novel clinical target. Further studies are necessary to determine which BSPs are involved and where, in the nervous system, they are located.
A highly processive topoisomerase I: studies at the single-molecule level

Amongst enzymes which relieve torsional strain and maintain chromosome supercoiling, type IA topoisomerases share a strand-passage mechanism that involves transient nicking and re-joining of a single deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand. In contrast to many bacterial species that possess two type IA topoisomerases (TopA and TopB), Actinobacteria possess only TopA, and unlike its homologues this topoisomerase has a unique C-terminal domain that lacks the Zn-finger motifs characteristic of type IA enzymes. To better understand how this unique C-terminal domain affects the enzyme's activity, we have examined DNA relaxation by actinobacterial TopA from Streptomyces coelicolor (ScTopA) using real-time single-molecule experiments. These studies reveal extremely high processivity of ScTopA not described previously for any other topoisomerase of type I. Moreover, we also demonstrate that enzyme processivity varies in a torque-dependent manner. Based on the analysis of the C-terminally truncated ScTopA mutants, we propose that high processivity of the enzyme is associated with the presence of a stretch of positively charged amino acids in its C-terminal region.