Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical and Chemical Interplay Between the Membrane and a Prototypical Potassium Channel Reconstituted on a Lipid Bilayer Platform

Once membrane potential changes or ligand binding activates the ion channel, the activity of the channel is finely modulated by the fluctuating membrane environment, involving local lipid composition and membrane tension. In the age of post-structural biology, the factors in the membrane that affect the ion channel function and how they affect it are a central concern among ion channel researchers. This review presents our strategies for elucidating the molecular mechanism of membrane effects on ion channel activity. The membrane’s diverse and intricate effects consist of chemical and physical processes. These elements can be quantified separately using lipid bilayer methods, in which a membrane is reconstructed only from the components of interest. In our advanced lipid bilayer platform (contact bubble bilayer, CBB), physical features of the membrane, such as tension, are freely controlled. We have elucidated how the specific lipid or membrane tension modulates the gating of a prototypical potassium channel, KcsA, embedded in the lipid bilayer. Our results reveal the molecular mechanism of the channel for sensing and responding to the membrane environment.
Relation of Decreased Functional Connectivity Between Left Thalamus and Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus to Emotion Changes Following Acute Sleep Deprivation

Objective: The thalamus is a key node for sleep-wake pathway gate switching during acute sleep deprivation (ASD), and studies have shown that it plays a certain role in emotion changes. However, there are no studies on the association between the thalamus and emotion changes in ASD. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) to explore whether changes in the functional connections between the thalamus and other brain regions are related to emotion changes and further explored the function of the thalamus under total ASD conditions. Method: Thirty healthy, right-handed adult men underwent emotional assessment according to the Profile of Mood States Scale and R-fMRI scans before and after ASD. The correlations between changes in functional connectivity between the thalamus and other brain regions and emotion changes were then studied. Results: Positive emotions and psychomotor performance were reduced, and negative emotions were increased following ASD. The functional connections between the left thalamus and left middle temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right thalamus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal pole gyrus, right calcarine, left cuneus, left rectus and left medial superior frontal gyrus were significantly altered. Decreased functional connectivity between left thalamus and left inferior frontal gyrus related to emotion changes following ASD. Conclusion: This study finds that functional changes in the thalamus are associated with emotion changes during ASD, suggesting that the left thalamus probably plays an essential role in emotion changes under ASD conditions.
Conformational Changes of Glutamine 5′-Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Amidotransferase for Two Substrates Analogue Binding: Insight from Conventional Molecular Dynamics and Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Glutamine 5′-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (GPATase) catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylamine, pyrophosphate, and glutamate from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, as well as glutamine at two sites (i.e., glutaminase and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate sites), through a 20 Å NH3 channel. In this study, conventional molecular dynamics (cMD) simulations and enhanced sampling accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulations were integrated to characterize the mechanism for coordination catalysis at two separate active sites in the enzyme. Results of cMD simulations illustrated the mechanism by which two substrate analogues, namely, DON and cPRPP, affect the structural stability of GPATase from the perspective of dynamic behavior. aMD simulations obtained several key findings. First, a comparison of protein conformational changes in the complexes of GPATase–DON and GPATase–DON–cPRPP showed that binding cPRPP to the PRTase flexible loop (K326 to L350) substantially effected the formation of the R73-DON salt bridge. Moreover, only the PRTase flexible loop in the GPATase–DON–cPRPP complex could remain closed and had sufficient space for cPRPP binding, indicating that binding of DON to the glutamine loop had an impact on the PRTase flexible loop. Finally, both DON and cPRPP tightly bonded to the two domains, thereby inducing the glutamine loop and the PRTase flexible loop to move close to each other. This movement facilitated the transfer of NH3 via the NH3 channel. These theoretical results are useful to the ongoing research on efficient inhibitors related to GPATase.
An Effective Multimodal Image Fusion Method Using MRI and PET for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disease that severely damages human thinking and memory. Early diagnosis plays an important part in the prevention and treatment of AD. Neuroimaging-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has shown that deep learning methods using multimodal images are beneficial to guide AD detection. In recent years, many methods based on multimodal feature learning have been proposed to extract and fuse latent representation information from different neuroimaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). However, these methods lack the interpretability required to clearly explain the specific meaning of the extracted information. To make the multimodal fusion process more persuasive, we propose an image fusion method to aid AD diagnosis. Specifically, we fuse the gray matter (GM) tissue area of brain MRI and FDG-PET images by registration and mask coding to obtain a new fused modality called “GM-PET. ” The resulting single composite image emphasizes the GM area that is critical for AD diagnosis, while retaining both the contour and metabolic characteristics of the subject's brain tissue. In addition, we use the three-dimensional simple convolutional neural network (3D Simple CNN) and 3D Multi-Scale CNN to evaluate the effectiveness of our image fusion method in binary classification and multi-classification tasks. Experiments on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset indicate that the proposed image fusion method achieves better overall performance than unimodal and feature fusion methods, and that it outperforms state-of-the-art methods for AD diagnosis.
A Large-Scale Bank of Organ Donor Bone Marrow and Matched Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Promoting Immunomodulation and Transplant Tolerance

Induction of immune tolerance for solid organ and vascular composite allografts is the Holy Grail for transplantation medicine. This would obviate the need for life-long immunosuppression which is associated with serious adverse outcomes, such as infections, cancers, and renal failure. Currently the most promising means of tolerance induction is through establishing a mixed chimeric state by transplantation of donor hematopoietic stem cells; however, with the exception of living donor renal transplantation, the mixed chimerism approach has not achieved durable immune tolerance on a large scale in preclinical or clinical trials with other solid organs or vascular composite allotransplants (VCA). Ossium Health has established a bank of cryopreserved bone marrow (BM), termed “hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC), Marrow,” recovered from deceased organ donor vertebral bodies. This new source for hematopoietic cell transplant will be a valuable resource for treating hematological malignancies as well as for inducing transplant tolerance. In addition, we have discovered and developed a large source of mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSC) tightly associated with the vertebral body bone fragment byproduct of the HPC, Marrow recovery process. Thus, these vertebral bone adherent MSC (vBA-MSC) are matched to the banked BM obtained from each donor, as opposed to third-party MSC, which enhances safety and potentially efficacy. Isolation and characterization of vBA-MSC from over 30 donors has demonstrated that the cells are no different than traditional BM-MSC; however, their abundance is >1,000-fold higher than obtainable from living donor BM aspirates. Based on our own unpublished data as well as reports published by others, MSC facilitate chimerism, especially at limiting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers and increase safety by controlling and/or preventing graft-vs.-host-disease (GvHD). Thus, vBA-MSC have the potential to facilitate mixed chimerism, promote complementary peripheral immunomodulatory functions and increase safety of BM infusions. Both HPC, Marrow and vBA-MSC have potential use in current VCA and solid organ transplant (SOT) tolerance clinical protocols that are amenable to “delayed tolerance. ” Current trials with HPC, Marrow are planned with subsequent phases to include vBA-MSC for tolerance of both VCA and SOT.
The Roles of Immunoregulatory Networks in Severe Drug Hypersensitivity

The immunomodulatory effects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and co-signaling receptors have gained much attention, as they help balance immunogenic and immunotolerant responses that may be disrupted in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Drug hypersensitivity has a myriad of manifestations, which ranges from the mild maculopapular exanthema to the severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DRESS/DIHS). While studies have identified high-risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes, the presence of the HLA allotype at risk is not sufficient to elicit drug hypersensitivity. Recent studies have suggested that insufficient regulation by Tregs may play a role in severe hypersensitivity reactions. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1, in cancer treatment also induce hypersensitivity reactions including SJS/TEN and DRESS/DIHS. Taken together, mechanisms involving both Tregs as well as coinhibitory and costimulatory receptors may be crucial in the pathogenesis of drug hypersensitivity. In this review, we summarize the currently implicated roles of co-signaling receptors and Tregs in delayed-type drug hypersensitivity in the hope of identifying potential pharmacologic targets.
The Impact of Tregs on the Anticancer Immunity and the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies

Although cancers arise from genetic mutations enabling cells to proliferate uncontrollably, they cannot thrive without failure of the anticancer immunity due in a large part to the tumor environment's influence on effector and regulatory T cells. The field of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for cancer was born out of the fact that tumor environments paralyze the immune cells that are supposed to clear them by activating the immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1. While various subsets of effector T cells work collaboratively to eliminate cancers, Tregs enriched in the tumor environment can suppress not only the native anticancer immunity but also diminish the efficacy of ICI therapies. Because of their essential role in suppressing autoimmunity, various attempts to specifically deplete tumor-associated Tregs are currently underway to boost the efficacy of ICI therapies without causing systemic autoimmune responses. A better understanding the roles of Tregs in the anti-cancer immunity and ICI therapies should provide more specific targets to deplete intratumoral Tregs. Here, we review the current understanding on how Tregs inhibit the anti-cancer immunity and ICI therapies as well as the advances in the targeted depletion of intratumoral Tregs.
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: A Review of Clinical Applications

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an emerging treatment modality aimed at improving the therapeutic ratio for traditionally difficult to treat tumors. BNCT utilizes boronated agents to preferentially deliver boron-10 to tumors, which, after undergoing irradiation with neutrons, yields litihium-7 and an alpha particle. The alpha particle has a short range, therefore preferentially affecting tumor tissues while sparing more distal normal tissues. To date, BNCT has been studied clinically in a variety of disease sites, including glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, head and neck cancers, lung cancers, breast cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcomas, cutaneous malignancies, extramammary Paget’s disease, recurrent cancers, pediatric cancers, and metastatic disease. We aim to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the studies of each of these disease sites, as well as a review on the challenges facing adoption of BNCT.
Club Cell Loss as a Feature of Bronchiolization in ILD

Background: Distal airway metaplasia may precede honeycombing in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). The SCGB1A1+ bronchiolar-specific club cell may play a role in this aberrant regenerative process. Objective: To assess the presence of club cells in the small airways of patients suffering from ILD. Methods: Small airways (internal diameter <2 mm) in lung samples [surgical lung biopsy (SLB) and/or transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC)] from 14 patients suffering from ILD and 10 controls were morphologically assessed and stained for SCGB1A1. SCGB1A1 was weighted by epithelial height as a marker of airway generation (SCGB1A1/EH). Correlations between clinical, functional, and high-resolution CT (HRCT) prognostic factors and histomorphometry were assessed. Results: Small airways from samples with ILD patterns were significantly less dense in terms of SCGB1A1+ cells [0.064 (0.020–0.172)] as compared to controls' sample's small airways [0.393 (0.082–0.698), p < 0.0001]. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) patterns most frequently contained small airways with limited or absent SCGB1A1 expression (SCGB1A1/EH <0.025): UIP (18/33; 55%) as compared with non-UIP patterns (4/31; 13%) or controls (0/29; 0%): p < 0.0001. In addition, correlations with HRCT indicated a significant negative relationship between SCGB1A1 and bronchiectasis as a feature of bronchiolization (Rho −0.63, p < 0.001) and a positive relationship with both forced vital capacity (FVC) and Hounsfield unit (HU)-distribution pattern in kurtosis (Rho 0.38 and 0.50, respectively, both p < 0.001) as markers of fibrotic changes. Conclusion: Compared with controls, the small airways of patients with ILD more often lack SCGB1A1, especially so in UIP. Low densities of SCGB1A1-marked cells correlate with bronchiectasis and fibrotic changes. Further research investigating SCGB1A1 staining as a pathological feature of the bronchiolization process is merited.
From the origin of NASH to the future of metabolic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Understanding the pathological and molecular hallmarks from its first description to definitions of disease entities, classifications and molecular phenotypes is crucial for both appropriate clinical management and research in this complex disease. We provide an overview through almost two hundred years of clinical research from the beginnings as a nebulous disease entity of unknown origin in the 19th century to the most frequent and vigorously investigated liver disease today. The clinical discrimination between alcohol-related liver disease and NAFLD was uncommon until the 1950s and likely contributed to the late acceptance of NAFLD as a metabolic disease entity for long time. Although the term ‘fatty liver hepatitis’ first appeared in 1962, it was in 1980 that the term ‘non-alcoholic steatohepatitis’ (NASH) was coined and the histopathological hallmarks that are still valid today were defined. The 2005 NASH Clinical Research Network scoring was the first globally accepted grading and staging system for the full spectrum of NAFLD and is still used to semiquantify main histological features. In 2021, liver biopsy remains the only diagnostic procedure that can reliably assess the presence of NASH and early fibrosis but increasing efforts are made towards non-invasive testing and molecular classification of NAFLD subtypes.
A novel recurrent neural networks architecture for behavior analysis

Behavior analysis is an important yet challenging task on computer vision area. However, human behavior is still a necessity in differents sectors. In fact, in the increase of crimes, everyone needs video surveillance to keep their belongings safe and to automatically detect events by collecting important information for the assistance of security guards. Moreover, the surveillance of human behavior is recently used in medicine fields to quickly detect physical and mental health problems of patients. The complex and the variety presentation of human features in video sequence encourage researches to find the effective presentation. An effective presentation is the most challenging part. It must be invariant to changes of point of view, robust to noise and efficient with a low computation time. In this paper, we propose new model for human behavior analysis which combine transfer learning model and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Our model can extract human features from frames using the pre-trained model of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) the Inception V3. The human features obtained are trained using RNN with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). The performance of our proposed architecture is evaluated by three different dataset for human action, UCF Sport, UCF101 and KTH, and achieved good classification accuracy
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of 1,2,4-Triazole and 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivatives of 5-Amino-2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Various 4-amino-2-[4-(4-substituted phenyl)-5-sulfanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl] phenol (4a-c), 4-amino-2-{4-amino-5-[(4-substituted phenyl)amino]-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl} phenol (5a-c) and 4-amino-2-{5-[(4-substituted phenyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl} phenol (6a-g) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The compounds showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus (gram-positive) and E.coli (gram-negative) bacteria and antifungal activity against A. niger fungi using cup plate technique
Spin-dependent transport in heavily Mn-doped GaAs

The theory of magnetotransport in heavily Mn-doped GaAs, a p-type ferromagnetic semiconductor, is developed in the weak coupling limit by calculating the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the spin disorder scattering-limited hole mobility, The theory is based on the exchange interaction between the itinerant holes and the localized 3d spins of the Mn ions, and it is developed by using Zubarev's double-time Green's functions. The relaxation time of the charge carriers is calculated from the imaginary part of the self-energy appearing in the derived hole propagator. Adding a contribution from impurity scattering the total hole mobility is estimated. Comparison to the experimental resistivity data shows that a good agreement with the measured results is obtained only if the short-range order and the consequent T dependence of the critical scattering are taken into account in the paramagnetic region. The measured resistivity peak near Curie temperature is broader than the calculated one, which together with the estimated large exchange parameter J pd = 2.3 eV calls for an extension of the present theory to the intermediate or strong coupling cases.
Über neue Metallate mit Sauerstoff und Fluor als Liganden

Es wird uber Darstellung und Eigenschaften, magnetochemisches Verhalten und strukturelle Zuordnung zahlreicher neuer Oxometallate (IV) und (V) der Ubergangselemente Ti bis Co berichtet; sie enthalten als basische Komponente vorzugsweise Barium- bzw. Strontium, im Falle des 5-wertigen Mangans und Chroms Alkalimetalle. Dabei werden auch bemerkenswert stabile Verbindungen der ungewohnlichen Wertigkeitsstufen Cr(IV), Cr(V), Fe(IV) und Co(IV) beschrieben. Von den bekannten Erdalkali-Molybdaten(VI) ausgehend, konnen entsprechende Molybdate mit 4- und 5-wertigem Mo dargestellt werden. Es wird gezeigt, das die stark basischen Erdalkalioxyde mit Metall(II)-oxyden verschiedener Ubergangselemente unter Bildung gut definierter Erdalkalioxometallate (II) in Reaktion treten. Ausfuhrliche Angaben bringen die in einiger Zeit in der „Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie” erscheinenden Einzelarbeiten.
Enhanced Adsorption of Ammonia on Metal‐Organic Framework/Graphite Oxide Composites: Analysis of Surface Interactions

Composites of the metal‐organic framework (MOF), MOF‐5, and graphite oxide (GO) with different ratios of the two components are prepared and tested in ammonia removal under dry conditions. The parent and composite materials are characterized before and after exposure to ammonia by sorption of N2, X‐ray diffraction, thermal analyses, and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The results show a synergetic effect resulting in an increase in the ammonia uptake compared to the parent materials. It is linked to enhanced dispersive forces in the pore space of the composites. Additionally, ammonia interacts with zinc oxide tetrahedra via hydrogen bonding and is intercalated between the layers of GO. Retention of a large quantity of ammonia eventually leads to a collapse of the MOF‐5 structure in the composites. The effect resembles that observed when MOF‐5 is exposed to water. Taking into account the similarity of ammonia and water molecules, it is hypothesized that ammonia causes a destruction of the MOF‐5 and composite structure as a result of its hydrogen bonding with the zinc oxide clusters.
CORROSION PERFORMANCE OF COPPER COATED WITH CARBON NANOTUBES

ةـصلاخلا : ةقبط ةكيمس نم لأا بيبان ةينوبوركلا ةيهانتملا رغصلا ةددعتملا رادجلا تبسرت وب طاس ة ةيبذاجلا ىلع حطس بوبنأ نم ساحنلا عوضوم ىف لولحم ىئام ىوتحي ىلع بيبانلأا ةينوبوركلا طولخم هيف لكشب ديج . دقو تسا مدخ زاهج صحفلا ىرهجملا ىنورتكللإا صحفل حطسأ و عيزوت و س ةآام لأا بيبان ةينوبوركلا ةبسرتملا ىلع حطس ساحنلا . و رظنلاب ىلا طيسبريبكت رهظت ةقبط لأا بيبان ةسناجتم امنيب ريبكتب ىلعأ ا حضت نأ لأا بيبان ةينوبوركلا ةبسرتم ىلع لكش ةعومجم ةريبآ ةقصتلم ب ضع ضعبب اه ةعزومو ىلع حطسلا لكشب ريغ سناجتم . دقو مت سايق ةميق زركيف لاصل ةب ةنيعلا مادختساب 300gf لمحلل طلسملا ىلع ساحنلا ىلعو بيبانلأا ةينوبوركلا ةبسرتملا ىلع حطس ساحنلا تناكف دنع 104HV و 111HV ىلع ىلاوتلا . اذهو حضوي أ ن بيبانلأا ةينوبوركلا ةبسرتملا تداز لايلق نم ةبلاص حطس ساحنلا ةبسرتملا هيلع . دقل مت ءارجإ ا لآآتلارابتخ يعلل ةن ىف هايم ةحلام تاذ زيآرت 3wt% ةساردل ريثأت بيبانلأا ةينوبوركلا ىلع لآآت ندعملا مث سايق لعافم لآآتلا (Rp) مادختساب ةقيرط لاا باطقتس تطعأو 585 Ohms ساحنلل ىف نيح تطعأ 26,460 Ohms بيبانلأا ةينوبوركلا ةبسرتملا ىلع حطس امم حضو نأ بيبانلأا ةينوبوركلا تللق ت لآآ ندعملا ةبسنب 45 عض اف ةنراقم ندعملاب هدحول . و ىنعمب رخآ : إ ن لدعم لآآت ساحنلا هدحول لق لكشب ريبآ ظوحلمو دنع هتيطغت بيبانلأاب ةينوبوركلا امم ديزيس نم رمع ندعملا .
Certain Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.)

SUMMARY Tomatoes of V. R. Moscow and Fireball varieties grown in a greenhouse varied markedly from previously reported data on field-grown lots of the same varieties with regards to total titratable acidity, color development, free reducing sugars, pectins, volatile reducing substances (VRS), organic acids, and ascorbic acid. Concentrations of all the nonvolatile attributes except total titratable acidity (%) were low as compared with field-ripened tomatoes. Lower concentrations of VRS, organic acids (mg/100 g), and sugars (%) considerably affected flavor, aroma, and taste in greenhouse tomatoes. Color (beta-carotene and lycopene) development was defective. In general, tomatoes grown in the greenhouse were “flat” and tasteless.