Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muon-Induced Single Event Upsets in Deep-Submicron Technology

Experimental data are presented that show low-energy muons are able to cause single event upsets in 65 nm, 45 nm, and 40 nm CMOS SRAMs. Energy deposition measurements using a surface barrier detector are presented to characterize the kinetic energy spectra produced by the M20B surface muon beam at TRIUMF. A Geant4 application is used to simulate the beam and estimate the energy spectra incident on the memories. Results indicate that the sensitivity to this mechanism will increase for scaled technologies.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Pre-Elafin in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of preelafin, an elastasespecific inhibitor, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced acute lung inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated intranasally with recombinant human preelafin or vehicle only. One hour later, they were instilled intranasally with LPS (2 g/mouse). Animals were sacrificed 6 hours after LPS instillation and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed with three 1- ml aliquots of saline. LPS induced a lung inflammation characterised by a 100-fold increase in BAL neutrophils compared to control animals (265.8±54.5 103 and 2.4±1.3 103 neutrophils/ml, respectively). Preelafin dosedependently reduced the neutrophil influx in the lung alveolar spaces by up to 84%. No elastase activity was detectable in all BAL fluids tested. Preelafin also reduced significantly LPSinduced gelatinase activity, as shown by zymography, and BAL macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and KC levels, two potent neutrophil attractants and activators. Moreover, preelafin also significantly reduced mRNA levels of the three members of the IL-1 ligand family, namely IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), type II IL-1 receptor, and TNFα as assessed in whole lung tissue by RNase protection assay. Thus, preelafin may be considered as a potent antiinflammatory mediator.
Investigation of the Correlates and Effectiveness of a Prison-Based Wellness Program

In 2006, a comprehensive wellness intervention, titled Wellness Works, was implemented in an incarcerated male population at a 200-bed facility in LaGrange, Kentucky. The purpose of this study was to determine health risk factors and benefits of program participation by analyzing data from a pre-/post-participation health risk assessment (HRA). In total, 448 inmates completed the pre- HRA and 177 (40%) completed the post- HRA. Among program completers, two of the six measured domains (smoking and depression) showed significant improvement at the post- HRA while the other domains (exercise, nutrition, stress, and dental hygiene) did not show significant changes. Overall, this study shows positive signs of improving the health of the incarcerated population with this wellness program, but also points to the need for a controlled study.
Characterizing grain size and defect energy distribution in vertical SONOS poly-Si channels by means of a resistive network model

The characterization of vertical poly-Si transistors, important for optimizing vertical SONOS memory configurations, is studied by means of a resistive network model. The statistical variation of the ISD-VG characteristics allows to extract the poly-Si grain size and from the sub-threshold regime information on the energy distribution of the poly-Si defects is extracted. This model indicates the separated impact of interface states and poly-Si states on current and Vth.
A Differential-Mode Wideband Bandpass Filter on Microstrip Line for UWB Application

A differential-mode wideband bandpass filter (BPF) on microstrip line is proposed with good common-mode suppression. A four port two stage branch-line differential-mode BPF is first designed. Then, open circuited stubs are attached to the middle of two of the vertical branches. As such, its two-port bisection becomes a bandpass or bandstop filtering topology under differental- or common-mode excitations, respectively. The lengths and widths of these stubs can be properly adjusted to produce a highly attenuated and widened stopband under the common-mode operation. Finally, a wideband differential-mode BPF is designed and fabricated. The predicted and measured performances are in good agreement with each other, showing good common-mode suppression with an insertion loss higher than 20 dB over the differential-mode passband with a fractional bandwidth of 65%.
Content of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus in native aquatic and cultured bacteria

The content of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur was measured in individual cells from 6 native aquatic samples and 4 samples of cultured bacteria by X-ray microanalysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The molar C N:P ratio for the pooled sample was 50:lO:l From length and width measurements of unfixed air-dried cells we estimated cell volumes over a total range of 0.0026 to 15.8 pm3. and mean C:volume ratios of 30 to 162 fg for the samples included. For the marine samples we found mean N:C ratios of 0.25 to 0.28, while cells from fresh or brackish waters had mean N:C ratios of 0.17 to 0.20, indicating differences in nutrient availability. The P:C ratios for the samples analyzed varied from 0.040 to 0.090, with a pooled mean of 0.052, which is approximately twice that of the Redfield ratio for PC. For 0:C ratios we estimated a pooled mean of 0.37 and a range of 0.22 to 0.77 for all samples. We may conclude that slow-growing or non-growing cells have low 0 C ratios. The mean S:C ratio for all samples was 0.031, with a range of 0 016 to 0.084 for the sample means. A general conclus~on is that single-cell analyses of elemental composition give important information on the physiological conditions of cells and on possible nutrient limitations. The rationale for this is the assumption that changes in macromolecular composition are due to nutrient availability.
Small-folded, printed quadrifilar helix antenna for GPS applications

A new approach to designing a small printed quadrifilar helical antenna (PQHA) is presented. The printed wire is spiral in shape. The entire system is designed using Ansoft HFSS. A size reduction of 43% is obtained compared to a conventional PQHA. A dual band antenna working in L1/L2 GPS application is realized with a good gain and a good circular polarisation. Good agreement with the experimental results is obtained.
Creative Performance in Mediated Communication: The Contextual Effects of Communication Media

Acknowledging that cognitive limit may constrain creativity, researchers have begun identifying social networks as sources of diverse knowledge. According to previous literature, weak ties result in infrequent interactions, low level of knowledge redundant, thus ease the access to diverse knowledge and improve creative performance. As technology advances, organizations bring appropriate employees to work on a project regardless of their locations, employees are working geographically distributed and communicate with communication media. Thus this taken-for-granted relationship between weak ties and creativity has to be contextualized in the context of mediated communication where employees nowadays rely heavily on various communication media. In this study we build on literature on social networks on creativity and communication media research to hypothesize that network ties will create opportunities for diverse information, and extend this stream of research by investigating untested contextual effects of communication media on moderating the relationship between network ties and creativity.
Chromatin mobility after DNA damage is modified to enhance long distance explorations and minimize local resampling

The dynamic organization of genes inside the nucleus is an important determinant for their function. Using ultra-fast microscopy in S. cerevisiae cells and improved analysis of mean square displacements, we quantified DNA motion at time scales ranging from 10 milliseconds to minutes and found that following DNA damage, DNA exhibits distinct sub-diffusive regimes. In response to double-strand breaks, chromatin is more mobile at large time scales but, surprisingly, its mobility is dramatically reduced at short time scales. This effect is even more pronounced at the break. Such pattern of dynamics is consistent with a global increase in chromatin persistence length following DNA damage. Scale-dependent nuclear exploration is regulated by the Rad51 repair protein, both at the break and throughout the genome. We propose a model in which stiffening of the damaged ends by the repair complex, combined with global increased stiffness, act like a “needle in a decompacted ball of yarn”, enhancing the ability of the break to traverse the chromatin meshwork.
Utilizing the diffusion‐to‐noise ratio to optimize magnetic resonance diffusion tensor acquisition strategies for improving measurements of diffusion anisotropy

It is well known that quantitative anisotropy measurements derived from the diffusion tensor are extremely sensitive to noise contamination. The level of noise in the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) experiment is usually measured from some estimate of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the component diffusion‐weighted (DW) images. This measure is, however, highly dependent on experimental parameters, such as the diffusion attenuation b‐value and the diffusion coefficient of the subject. Conversely, the diffusion‐to‐noise ratio (DNR), defined as the SNR of the calculated diffusion tensor trace map, provides a reliable estimate of noise contamination, which is largely independent of such parameters. In this work it is demonstrated how reliable anisotropy measurements can be obtained using an image acquisition strategy that optimizes the DNR of the DTI experiment. This acquisition scheme is shown to provide noise‐independent measurements of typical diffusion anisotropy values found in the human brain. Magn Reson Med 45:1056–1065, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Associations between obesogenic risk factors and depression among adolescents: a systematic review

Adolescence is a transitional life phase that is associated with heightened risk for two major health conditions – obesity and mental health problems. Given the established comorbidity of obesity and depression, one avenue that warrants further exploration is the association between obesogenic risk and obesity in the expression and maintenance of depressive symptoms. The aim of the current systematic review was to identify and evaluate the empirical literature reporting the relationships between obesogenic risk factors (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet and weight status) and depression in adolescents. A search of five databases for studies published over the last decade found 24 studies eligible for review. Relationships were found between lack of physical exercise, heightened sedentary behaviour, poor diet quality, obese or overweight and depression in adolescence. However, the finding that obesogenic risk factors are associated with poor adolescent mental health should be interpreted with caution as data typically come from non‐representative samples with less than optimal study design and methodology.
High-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Coupling to a Long, Finite Wire With Vertical Risers Above Ground

The main goal of this paper is the analytic approximation of the singularity expansion method poles of a long finite wire with vertical risers above a perfectly conducting ground. For wavelengths in the same order of magnitude or smaller than the height of the wire above the ground, the classical transmission-line theory is not valid. Therefore, an asymptotic approach is used to approximate the current on the thin wire, which is expressed in terms of current reflection and scattering coefficients. The perturbation theory is used for their analytic calculation. The complex current is analytically approximated and compared to a numerical simulation for illustration purposes. A very good agreement between the analytic approximations and the numerical ones from literature and simulations is observed.
Hypertension and ageing impair acetylcholine‐induced vasodilation in rats

Objective To investigate the influence of hypertension and ageing on the in vivo effect of acetylcholine on blood pressure and regional vascular conductance and the inhibitory effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, on the effects of acetylcholine. Methods Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats aged 3–4, 7–8 and 20–26 months, were anaesthetized with pentobarbital. After sino-aortic denervation, regional blood flow in the left common carotid, superior mesenteric, right renal and right femoral arteries was measured with pulsed Doppler flowmeters. After pretreatment with indomethacin (2 mg/kg intravenously), bolus injections of acetylcholine (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 μg/kg intravenously) were given with or without L-NMMA (20 mg/kg intravenously). Results Dose-dependent hypotensive responses to acetylcholine were significantly smaller in SHR than in WKY rats in each age group. Ageing reduced the hypotensive effect of acetylcholine in both SHR and WKY rats. In rats aged 3–4 and 7–8 months acetylcholine-induced increases in regional vascular conductances were significantly smaller in SHR than in WKY rats. Ageing reduced acetylcholine-induced increases in regional vascular conductances in WKY rats. L-NMMA had little effect on the responses to acetylcholine in both SHR and WKY rats. Sodium nitroprusside had similar effects in SHR and WKY rats and in age groups within each strain. Conclusion The in vivo vasodilatory action of acetylcholine, which appeared to be partly independent of nitric oxide, was impaired by hypertension and age.
Experimental Plan: 300 Area Treatability Test: In Situ Treatment of the Vadose Zone and Smear Zone Uranium Contamination by Polyphosphate Infiltration

The overall objectives of the treatability test is to evaluate and optimize polyphosphate remediation technology for infiltration either from ground surface, or some depth of excavation, providing direct stabilization of uranium within the deep vadose and capillary fringe above the 300 Area aquifer. Expected result from this experimental plan is a data package that includes: 1) quantification of the retardation of polyphosphate, 2) the rate of degradation and the retardation of degradation products as a function of water content, 3) an understanding of the mechanism of autunite formation via the reaction of solid phase calcite-bound uranium and aqueous polyphosphate remediation technology, 4) an understanding of the transformation mechanism, identity of secondary phases, and the kinetics of the reaction between uranyl-carbonate and –silicate minerals with the polyphosphate remedy under solubility-limiting conditions, 5) quantification of the extent and rate of uranium released and immobilized based on the infiltration rate of the polyphosphate remedy and the effect of and periodic wet-dry cycling on the efficacy of polyphosphate remediation for uranium in the vadose zone and capillary fringe, and 6) quantification of reliable equilibrium solubility values for autunite under hydraulically unsaturated conditions allowing accurate prediction of the long-term stability of autunite. Moreover, results ofmore » intermediate scale testing will quantify the transport of polyphosphate and degradation products, and yield degradation rates, at a scale that is bridging the gap between the small-scale UFA studies and the field scale. These results will be used to test and verify a site-specific, variable saturation, reactive transport model and to aid in the design of a pilot-scale field test of this technology. In particular, the infiltration approach and monitoring strategy of the pilot test would be primarily based on results from intermediate-scale testing. Results from this experimental plan will be documented in a PNNL report. « less
T Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, and Effector Functions

During strong immune responses there are often characteristic patterns of effector functions associated with particular infectious agents. Antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response patterns are often mutually exclusive, suggesting that the cells mediating these responses are cross-inhibitory. Many effector and regulatory functions of the immune system are regulated by cytokines secreted by several cell types, particularly helper T cells. The discovery of different types of T helper cells'+2 offers at least a partial explanation for this reciprocal regulation. Two types of T helper cell, defined by their cytokine secretion patterns, were originally identified amongst mouse T cell clones, and have more recently been confirmed in normal mouse and humad T cell populations, particularly during chronic anti-parasite or anti-bacterial responses (reviewed in415).
Discontinuous gradient algorithm for finite-time estimation of time-varying parameters

ABSTRACT In this work, we present a discontinuous algorithm capable of estimating time-varying parameters in finite time. The measured output is assumed to be linear in the parameters, i.e. it corresponds to a linear parametric model. It is further assumed that the parameter variation is uniformly bounded, and that the regressor is sufficiently exciting as to make the parameters identifiable.
Versatile regulation of multisite protein phosphorylation by the order of phosphate processing and protein–protein interactions

Multisite protein phosphorylation is a common regulatory mechanism in cell signaling, and dramatically increases the possibilities for protein–protein interactions, conformational regulation, and phosphorylation pathways. However, there is at present no comprehensive picture of how these factors shape the response of a protein's phosphorylation state to changes in kinase and phosphatase activities. Here we provide a mathematical theory for the regulation of multisite protein phosphorylation based on the mechanistic description of elementary binding and catalytic steps. Explicit solutions for the steady‐state response curves and characteristic (de)phosphorylation times have been obtained in special cases. The order of phosphate processing and the characteristics of protein–protein interactions turn out to be of overriding importance for both sensitivity and speed of response. Random phosphate processing gives rise to shallow response curves, favoring intermediate phosphorylation states of the target, and rapid kinetics. Sequential processing is characterized by steeper response curves and slower kinetics. We show systematically how qualitative differences in target phosphorylation − including graded, switch‐like and bistable responses − are determined by the relative concentrations of enzyme and target as well as the enzyme–target affinities. In addition to collective effects of several phosphorylation sites, our analysis predicts that distinct phosphorylation patterns can be finely tuned by a single kinase. Taken together, this study suggests a versatile regulation of protein activation by the combined effect of structural, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of multisite phosphorylation.
Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones.

Evidence is presented that sesquiterpene lactones or ketones containing the O=CC=CH2 moiety, e.g., tenulin and helenalin, alkylate the thiol group of reduced glutathione and L-cysteine in vitro. A proposal is offered that this mechanism of action is responsible for the observed potent in vivo antitumor activity of these agents in the Ehrlich ascites and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and to a lesser extent in the P388 leukemic screen. Inhibition of tumor growth is thought to occur due to the O=CC=CH2 system alkylating by rapid Michael addition the SH biological nucleophiles of key regulatory enzymes of nucleic acid and chromatin metabolism. This proposition is in accord with the ability of these agents to inhibit DNA synthesis and gene activity of Ehrlich ascites cells.
Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide, an Effective Disinfection System via Hydroxyl Radical Formation

ABSTRACT The relationship between the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated by photolysis of H2O2 and bactericidal activity was examined. H2O2 (1 M) was irradiated with laser light at a wavelength of 405 nm to generate hydroxyl radicals. Electron spin resonance spin trapping analysis showed that the amount of hydroxyl radicals produced increased with the irradiation time. Four species of pathogenic oral bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis, were used in the bactericidal assay. S. mutans in a model biofilm was also examined. Laser irradiation of suspensions in 1 M H2O2 resulted in a >99.99% reduction of the viable counts of each of the test species within 3 min of treatment. Treatment of S. mutans in a biofilm resulted in a >99.999% reduction of viable counts within 3 min. Other results demonstrated that the bactericidal activity was dependent on the amount of hydroxyl radicals generated. Treatment of bacteria with 200 to 300 μM hydroxyl radicals would result in reductions of viable counts of >99.99%.
Making a difference: Pragmatic paediatric pain management

One of the great rewards of paediatric emergency medicine is the opportunity to manage the pain of a suffering child and in doing so provide welcome relief to a family in distress. Although there is no single analgesic recipe that is appropriate for all clinical situations, there is a toolbox of interventions that allows us to reduce the pain in the vast majority of illnesses, injuries and medical procedures to a level that most children and families find acceptable. The present paper aims to open that toolbox, explore its contents and demonstrate that, while many children still suffer from under-analgesia in EDs, the solutions to this disservice are not intimidating.
A tentative mechanism for dust vertical transport at extreme altitudes from the collapse of supersaturated tropospheric cavities on Mars with particular reference to march 2012 event

Consideration is given to the formation and collapse of supersaturated tropospheric cavities on Mars for dust vertical transport at extreme altitudes as a tentative mechanism explaining the martian march-2012 plume. It will be shown that if, during the night-time radiative cooling is exarcerbated by suspended dust surrounding a tropospheric parcel and then impeding heat flow from the surface into the parcel and if, additionally the parcel itself is devoid of condensation nuclei (dust aerosol on Mars) a supersaturated cavity might be generated. Then, with the first rays of sunlight in the morning -and the beginning of the daily dust activity, any dust incursion into the cavity driven by local winds, could trigger the condensation of the parcel and the subsequent vigorous prompt collapse of the cavity. Utilizing a simplified geometrical model, it is shown that the collapse and rebound of such tropospheric cavities could provide enough energy to lift dust well into the thermosphere and then a possible explanation to the extremely high-altitude plumes seen on Mars. The proposed hypothesis seems consistent with the high-altitude plume seen at Mars 2012 at Cimmeria region -and still unresolved, occurred at the Martian terminator (the day-night boundary) when the atmosphere could be coldest because has been without the heat of the sun for the longest time and the beginning of the dust activity driven by solar heating. Finally the possibility that the local strong magnetic field in Cimmeria region may have played a role in triggering the formation of the hypothesized supersaturated tropospheric cavity or "magnetocavity" was also discussed.