Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical solution of differential equations by using multiquadric RBF networks

This paper presents mesh-free procedures for solving linear differential equations (ODEs and elliptic PDEs) based on multiquadric (MQ) radial basis function networks (RBFNs). Based on our study of approximation of function and its derivatives using RBFNs that was reported in an earlier paper, new RBFN approximation procedures are developed in this paper for solving DEs, which can also be classified into two types: a direct (DRBFN) and an indirect (IRBFN) RBFN procedure. In the present procedures, the width of the RBFs is the only adjustable parameter according to a(i) = βd(i), where d(i) is the distance from the ith centre to the nearest centre. The IRBFN method is more accurate than the DRBFN one and experience so far shows that b can be chosen in the range 7 ≤ β ≤ 10 for the former. Different combinations of RBF centres and collocation points (uniformly and randomly distributed) are tested on both regularly and irregularly shaped domains. The results for a 1D Poisson's equation show that the DRBFN and the IRBFN procedures achieve a norm of error of at least O(10-4) and O(10-8), respectively, with a centre density of 50. Similarly, the results for a 2D Poisson's equation show that the DRBFN and the IRBFN procedures achieve a norm of error of at least O(10-3) and O(10-6) respectively, with a centre density of 12 × 12.
Power-based control of low-voltage microgrids

This paper presents a simple and robust control technique for distributed energy resources in microgrids. The technique utilizes the full potential of distributed energy resources, during grid connected and islanded operating modes. In grid-connected mode, the control pursues quasioptimum operation of the microgrid, so as to reduce distribution losses and voltage deviations while fully exploiting renewable energy sources. In islanded mode, it manages effectively any available energy source, including storage devices, to ensure a safe and smooth autonomous operation of the microgrid. Further, prompt adaptation to variations of the generated and absorbed power is ensured in each operating condition. The proposed control can be implemented by an ICT architecture which is inherently flexible and scalable, allows plug-and-play integration of distributed energy sources, and does not involve time-critical communications.
Development of Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Root Buds Following Emergence from Lateral Roots

In common milkweed, the development of subterranean root buds on excised root segments, following emergence from the parent root, is characterized by development of nodes and internodes followed by internode expansion. Transverse sections of root buds reveal that bicollateral vascular bundles as well as leaf traces and gaps are well developed in buds from 3-month-old plants. Strands of xylem and phloem connect the parent root and root bud in both inhibited and noninhibited root buds. Pitted primary tracheary elements, characteristic of developmentally advanced primary xylem, are present in these traces. The occurrence of a well-developed vascular system throughout the root bud and between the parent root and bud provides evidence that retardation of growth of inhibited root buds in common milkweed is not caused by anatomical constraints.
Corrélation des propriétés mécaniques et micro-structurelles de la peau de souris à partir d'une sollicitation bi-axiale

Le derme, composant principal de la peau, est composee en majorite de collagene et presente une micro-structure tres hierarchisee qui influe sur son comportement mecanique aux differentes echelles. La prediction de son comportement necessite de caracteriser l’influence de la micro-structure sur les proprietes mecaniques. Aussi, un test de traction bi-axiale couple independamment a une mesure macroscopique et a une mesure microscopique a ete developpe. Ce travail a finalement permis d’identifier les parametres d’une loi hyper-elastique anisotrope et de tester l’hypothese de transformation affine sous-jacent au comportement adopte.
Three-Phase Full-Bridge Converter Controlled Permanent Magnet Reluctance Generator for Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems

A permanent magnet reluctance generator (PMRG), which is a type of switched reluctance machine (SRM) with magnets on stator yoke, has an extremely simple and robust structure and is suitable for variable speed applications such as wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). A three-phase asymmetric half-bridge (AHB) converter with a torque ripple minimization-assisted maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm presents an effective control for a PMRG-based WECSs, which allows suppressing torque ripples arising from the nature of the PMRG while capturing maximum power from the wind. However, a single package of the converter is not available in the markets and hence, its construction by a user suffers from higher cost and lower reliability. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the AHB converter, this research introduces, for the first time, the use of full-bridge (FB) converter to drive the PMRG-based WECS. The three-phase FB converters, which have widespread use in practice, are commercially available in the markets. The FB converter with torque ripple minimization-assisted MPPT algorithm has been successively employed in the PMRG driven WECS. Performance of the control-converter combination has been experimentally tested on the three-phase 6/4 PMRG.
Cadmium-induced toxicity and antioxidant enzyme responses in tissues and organs of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium chloride for 96 h under laboratory conditions using static bioassays with continuous aeration to determine its mean lethal concentration (LC50), biochemical alterations, bioaccumulation and histological pattern in a sub-lethal toxicity test. The median lethal concentration (LC50) at the end of the acute toxicity was 120.2 mgL-1. Also the toxicant led to significant (P liver > gill > muscle. The study concluded that cadmium is a potent pollutant that can cause severe damage in fish and hence man the final consumer. Key words: Clarias gariepinus, biochemical alterations, bioaccumulation, static bioassays, histopathology.
Load shedding in microgrids

Similar to conventional systems, having acceptable voltage and frequency is necessary in a microgrid (MG). This issue is realized by grid in grid-connected mode. But in islanded mode, it depends on proper controllers in primary, secondary and emergency levels. Security in MG following a severe disturbance can be established through emergency control like shutdown of a unit, demand side management, islanding and load shedding. In this paper, a controller is designed to stabilize MG performance during islanding. Also, a load shedding plan as one of the last actions to prevent blackout of isolated system is presented.
Three dimensional temperature measurement of combustion flames using a single monochromatic CCD camera

This paper presents an imaging based instrumentation system for three-dimensional (3D) temperature measurement of a combustion flame. A combination of image processing techniques and two-colour radiation thermometry is used to first reconstruct grey-scale representations of the flame and then to determine its temperature. The reconstruction process assumes rotational symmetry of the flame structure. A series of experiments has been conducted on a laboratory scale test rig to evaluate the performance of the system. The results obtained demonstrate the capability of the system to determine flame temperature on a 3D basis.
Investigating (a)symmetry in a small mammal's response to warming and cooling events across western North America over the late Quaternary

Abstract Many mammalian populations conform spatially and temporally to Bergmann's rule. This ecogeographic pattern is driven by selection for larger body masses by cooler temperatures and smaller ones by warming temperatures. However, it is unclear whether the response to warming or cooling temperatures is (a)symmetrical. Studies of the evolutionary record suggest that mammals evolve smaller body sizes more rapidly than larger ones, suggesting that it may be “easier” to adapt to warming climates than cooling ones. Here, we examine the potential asymmetrical response of mammals to past temperature fluctuations. We use the fossil midden record of the bushy-tailed woodrat, Neotoma cinerea, a well-studied animal that generally conforms to Bergmann's rule, to test the ability of populations to respond to warming versus cooling climate throughout its modern range in western North America over the late Quaternary. We quantified the response to temperature change, as characterized by the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 temperature record, using N. cinerea presence/absence and “darwins. ” Our results show that populations within the modern range of N. cinerea show little difference between warming and cooling events. However, northern, peripheral populations are absent during older, cooler periods, possibly due to climate or taphonomy. Our study suggests adaptation in situ may be an underestimated response to future climate change.
Protecting browsers from dns rebinding attacks

DNS rebinding attacks subvert the same-origin policy of browsers and convert them into open network proxies. We survey new DNS rebinding attacks that exploit the interaction between browsers and their plug-ins, such as Flash and Java. These attacks can be used to circumvent firewalls and are highly cost-effective for sending spam e-mail and defrauding pay-per-click advertisers, requiring less than $100 to temporarily hijack 100,000 IP addresses. We show that the classic defense against these attacks, called "DNS pinning," is ineffective in modern browsers. The primary focus of this work, however, is the design of strong defenses against DNS rebinding attacks that protect modern browsers: we suggest easy-to-deploy patches for plug-ins that prevent large-scale exploitation, provide a defense tool, dnswall, that prevents firewall circumvention, and detail two defense options, policy-based pinning and host name authorization.
Body condition scoring by visual and digital methods and its correlation with ultrasonographic back fat thickness in transition buffaloes

The effect of transition on body condition score (BCS) and ultrasonographic back fat thickness (USG BFT) was examined in 101 multiparous buffaloes grouped according to transition stage i.e., Far off dry (FOD), Close up dry (CUD) and Fresh (F). With BCS 2 to 2.5, the BFT of F period was significantly lower than FOD period. With BCS 3 to 3.5 and 4 to 4.5, the mean BFT at F period was significantly reduced as compared to FOD and CUD periods. Buffaloes with BCS 5, showed a significant reduction in BFT from FOD to CUD and from CUD to F period. BCS 5 at FOD period was characterized by accumulation of ‘fat Pads’ around the buttock. Majority of buffaloes with BCS of 4 to 5 showed reduction in BCS at F period. The overall correlation coefficient between BCS and USG BFT was 82, 83 and 78% for FOD, CUD and F period respectively. The overall correlation coefficient between visual BCS and BCS assessed from digital images for FOD, CUD and F period was 99, 98 and 95% respectively. It was concluded that digital images can be readily used to estimate BCS in buffaloes and USG BFT gives an accurate measure of fat reserves in buffaloes.
Distributed Detection of Tor Directory Authorities Censorship in Mexico

The Tor network relies on individuals to set up relays for it to operate. Campaigns have in the past been successfully made to invite more people to join, and the network currently consists of close to 6,500 relays, spread globally. Although the Latin American region has many characteristics that make it natural to expect a wide participation in Tor, it has lagged behind most of the world in its Tor activity — Both considering client usage and participation as relays. This study focuses on the difficulties the Mexican user community has faced in setting up Tor relays, and presents how –and why– we deployed a relatively very simple and unsophisticated network censorship reporting system, as well as the results we have received so far. While this is still considered a work in progress, it has yielded important results as an aide allowing to specify the needed characteristics for potential relays, with a clear, measurable result.
Extremely sparse parallel AC-link universal power converters

Universal power converters are a relatively new class of power converters that can be configured as dc-dc, dc-ac, ac-dc, and ac-ac. These converters that may be classified as parallel and series offer numerous merits over other types of power converters. The parallel ac link universal converter is an extension of a buck-boost converter in which the current of the inductor is alternating, the input and output can have any number of phases and the switches benefit from the soft switching. The main limitation of the parallel ac-link universal power converter is its large number of switches. A three-phase ac-ac configuration requires 12 bidirectional switches that are realized by 24 unidirectional switches. Several modifications, including Sparse and Ultra-Sparse parallel ac-link universal power converters, have been proposed to reduce the number of switches while maintaining the principles of the operation and hence the advantages of this converter. The number of switches in the three-phase ac-ac sparse and ultra-sparse configurations are reduced to 20 and 16, respectively. Another modified configuration, called soft-switched transformerless inverter, was proposed for photovoltaic application. This paper proposes a number of topologies based on the parallel ac-link universal power converters with significantly reduced number of switches. The first category of the proposed topologies, which is an extension of the soft-switched transformerless inverter, reduces the number of switches in a bidirectional three-phase ac-ac configuration to 16. The other topology, which is an extension of the ultra-sparse configuration, reduces the number of switches in the unidirectional ac-ac configuration to 10. This topology can offer galvanic isolation with only a single-phase high frequency transformer. This paper presents the principles of the operation of the proposed topologies and evaluates them through simulation and experiment.
SOA in Practice

From the combination of knowledge and actions, someone can improve their skill and ability. It will lead them to live and work much better. This is why, the students, workers, or even employers should have reading habit for books. Any book will give certain knowledge to take all benefits. This is what this soa in practice tells you. It will add more knowledge of you to life and work better. Try it and prove it.
Predicting the potential distribution of the invasive Common Waxbill (Passeriformes: Estrildidae)

Human transport and commerce have led to an increased spread of non-indigenous species. Alien invasive species can have major impacts on many aspects of ecological systems. Therefore, the ability to predict regions potentially suitable for alien species, which are hence at high risk, has become a core task for successful management. The Common Waxbill is a widespread African species, which has been successfully introduced to many parts of the world. Herein, we used MAXENT software, a machine-learning algorithm, to assess its current potential distribution based on species records compiled from various sources. Models were trained separately with records from the species' native range and from both invaded and native ranges. Subsequently, the models were projected onto different future climate change scenarios. They successfully identified the species known range as well as some regions that seem climatically well suited, where the Common Waxbill is not yet recorded. Assuming future conditions, the models suggest poleward range shifts. However, its potential distribution pattern within its tropical native and invasive ranges appears to be more complex. Although the results of both separate analyses showed general similarities, many differences have become obvious. Niche overlap analysis shows that the invasive range includes only a small fraction of the ecological space that can be found in the native range. Thus, we tentatively prefer the model based on native locations only, but in particular, we highlight the importance of the selection process of species records for modelling invasive species.
Effects of Warpage on Fatigue Reliability of Solder Bumps: Experimental and Analytical Studies

Out-of-plane displacement (warpage) has been a major thermomechanical reliability concern for board-level electronic packages. Printed wiring board (PWB) and component warpage results principally from coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch among the materials that make up the PWB assembly (PWBA). Warpage occurring during surface-mount assembly reflow processes and normal operations may lead to severe solder bump reliability problems. In this research, the effect of initial PWB warpage on the low cycle thermal fatigue reliability of the solder bumps in plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packages was studied using experimental and analytical methods. A real-time projection moire¿ warpage measurement system was used to measure the surface topology of PWBA samples at different temperatures. The thermal fatigue reliability of solder bumps was evaluated from experimental thermal cycling tests and finite element simulation results. Three-dimensional (3-D) models of PWBAs with varying board warpage were used to estimate the solder bump fatigue life for different types of PBGAs mounted on PWBs. In order to improve the accuracy of FE results, the projection moire¿ method was used to measure the initial warpage of PWBs, and this warpage was used as a geometric input to the finite element method. The simulation results were validated and correlated with the experimental results obtained using the projection moire¿ technique and accelerated thermal cycling tests. An advanced prediction model was generated to predict board level solder bump fatigue life based on the initial PWB warpage, package dimensions and locations, and solder bump materials.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TEACHING STRATEGIES IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF PUNJAB AND KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

The study focused the teaching strategies used in higher education system of the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objective was to compare the teaching strategies of the higher education teachers in both provinces for better learning. The study was descriptive in nature. Hence, 1638 students from the universities of Punjab and 1110 students from the universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were comprised of population. Total 313 students from three universities of the Punjab i.e. Bahaudin Zakriya University (Multan), University of Punjab (Lahore) and University of Sargodha in (Sargodha) and 285 students from three Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e. Gomal University (D I Khan), Abdul Wali Khan University (Mardan) and University of Peshawar (Peshawar) who were enrolled in the morning session 2014-2016 were randomly selected for sample. The questionnaire was developed on five point Likert scale. Through Cronbach Alpha, reliability of the questionnaire was checked and score was . 738. Independent sample t-test was applied. It was found that teachers in both the provinces practice the lecture method in their respective classes rather than using different teaching strategies. It was concluded that teachers in both the provinces were found hesitant to use A-V aids in their respective classes.
Mechanochemistry of Stable Diamane and Atomically Thin Diamond Films Synthesis from Bi- and Multilayer Graphene: A Computational Study

Mono- and few-layer graphenes exhibit unique mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. However, their hardness and in-plane stiffness are still not comparable to the other allotrope of carbon, i.e., diamond. This makes layered graphene structures to be less suitable for application in harsh environments. Thus, there is an unmet need for the synthesis of atomically thin diamond films for such applications that are also stable under ambient conditions. Here, we demonstrate the possibility for the synthesis of such diamond films from multilayer graphene using the molecular dynamics approach with reactive force fields. We study the kinetics and thermodynamics of the phase transformation as well as the stability of the formed diamond thin films as a function of the layer thickness at different pressures and temperatures for pristine and hydrogenated multilayer graphene. The results indicate that the transformation conditions depend on the number of graphene layers and surface chemistry. We revealed a red.
Measure Outcomes of Patients’ Instructions about Modifiable Risk Factors for Hypertensive Patients on Their Attitude and Lipid Profile

Background: Hypertension is affecting 40.8% of females 38.7% of males in Egypt, and the total is affecting 39.7% of the population. High prevalence of hypertension connected to a wide range of severe medical disorders. Aim: to measure the outcomes of patients' instructions effects about modifiable risk factors for hypertensive patients on their attitude, and lipid profile. Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design with one group pre, post, and follow-up was utilized to achieve the aim of the study. Sample: a convenience sample including 100 adult patients enrolled in this study. Setting: a study was conducted in cardiac and internal medicine outpatient clinics at Zagazig University Hospital and Beni-suef University hospital. Tools: The researchers prepared an interview form including three sections: I- Questionnaire to Patient Interview Questionnaire Sheet include Part 1: Assess patients’ demographic characteristics Part 2: Assess Patient 's family, past and recent medical history, assess the associated chronic disease, medications, allergies and previous source of health knowledge. Part 3: Patient's Physical Assessment and Laboratory Investigation Sheet. II- The lifestyle attitude assessment. Results: the present study showed that more than have of the study sample have 50+years, female, have work, secondary school, their blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose reading decreased at the follow-up with highly statistically significant,marked changes of lifestyle with highly statistically significant difference among study phases in all items except in exercise . also in knowledge, levels, and medical examination, there is Correlation between lipid profile and level of practice, Correlation between lab investigation and level of knowledge. Conclusions: study concluded that personalized, tailored nursing instructions could be adjusted blood pressure through improving hypertensive patients' attitude and normalize lipid profile. Therefore, the confident effect of the program is lifelong. Recommendations: study recommended nursing instructions should apply in various outpatients' cardiac clinics and medical service centers and training of nurses to provide this service. The informative booklet ought to be conveyed to all patients.