Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basic self-disturbances are associated with Sense of Coherence in patients with psychotic disorders

Background The Sense of Coherence (SOC) theory gives a possible explanation of how people can experience subjective good health despite severe illness. Basic self-disturbances (BSDs) are subtle non-psychotic disturbances that may destabilize the person’s sense of self, identity, corporeality, and the overall ‘grip’ of the world. Aim Our objective was to investigate associations between BSDs and SOC in patients with psychotic disorders. Design This is a cross-sectional study of 56 patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders inside and outside the schizophrenia spectrum (35 schizophrenia, 13 bipolar, and eight other psychoses). SOC was measured using Antonovsky’s 13-item SOC questionnaire, and BSDs were assessed using the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) manual. Diagnosis, symptoms, and social and occupational performance were assessed using standardized clinical instruments. Results We found a statistically significant correlation (r = ) between high levels of BSDs and low levels of SOC (r = -0.64/p<0.001). This association was not influenced by diagnostics, clinical symptoms or level of functioning in follow-up multivariate analyses. Conclusion A statistically significant association between BSDs and SOC indicates that the presence and level of self-disturbances may influence the person's ability to experience life as comprehensive, manageable and meaningful. However, the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes conclusions regarding the direction of this association.
Comparison of Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy and Extracorporeal Shock-Wave in The Treatment of Ureteral Calculi

ÖZET: Amaç: Üreter taşlarının tedavisinde kullanılan yöntemlerden extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) ve üreteroskopik lithotripsy (URS) nin etkinlik ve komplikasyonlarını karşılaştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mart 2001 ile Temmuz 2004 tarihleri arasında semptomatik üreter taşlı 124 hasta URS, 91 hasta ESWL yöntemi ile tedavi edildi. ESWL grubunda PCK firmasının ürettiği Stonelith Smart Lithotripter markalı cihazı, URS grubunda ise Wolf marka 8 – 9.8 F rijid üreteroskop ve PCK Calculith Lithotripter marka pnömatik litotriptör kullanıldı. Taştan arınma oranları, yeniden tedavi gereksinimi oranları, ve komplikasyon oranları karşılaştırıldı. Sonuç: Taştan arınma oranı URS grubunda %93.54 iken ESWL grubunda %81.31 idi. Komplikasyon oranları üreteral perforasyon dışında her iki grupta da benzerdi. URS grubunda 3 hastada (%2.4) ve ESWL grubunda 9 hastada (%9.8) yeniden tedavi gerekti. ESWL ve URS yöntemlerinden her ikisi de etkin olmakla birlikte biz, üreter taşlarının tedavisinde başarı oranı daha yüksek olan URS yönteminin önerilebilir olduğu sonucuna vardık. Anahtar Kelimeler: Üreter taşları, ekstrakorporeal şok dalga litotripsi (ESWL), Üreteroskopik cerrahi ABSTRACT: Purpose: To compare the efficacy and the complications of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)* and pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) in the treatment of ureteral stones. Methods: Between March 2001 and July 20034, 124 patients with symptomatic ureteral calculi treated with URS and the other 91 with ESWL. In the ESWL group, PCK stonelith smart lithotripter and in the URS group 8 – 9.8 Fr Wolf rigid ureteroscope and pneumatic lithotripter (PCK Calculith Lithotripter) were used. Stone clearance, re-treatment and complication rates were assessed in this study. Results: The stone clearance rate of URS and ESWL groups were measured as 93.54% and 81.31% respectively. Complication rates were similar for both groups except ureteral perforation. In the URS group, 3 patients (2.4%) and in the ESWL group 9 patients (9.8%) required re-treatment. Conclusion: We concluded that, both ESWL and URS treatments are effective tools in the management of ureteral calculi, but we recommend URS as the optimal treatment for ureteral calculi cases because of the success rates are better than ESWL.
Leucine and branched chain amino acid metabolism contribute to the growth of bone sarcomas by regulating AMPK and mTORC1 signaling.

Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma are sarcomas of the bone and the cartilage that are primarily treated by surgical intervention combined with high toxicity chemotherapy. In search of alternative metabolic approaches to address the challenges in treating bone sarcomas, we assessed the growth dependence of these cancers on leucine, one of the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and BCAA metabolism. Tumor biopsies from bone sarcoma patients revealed differential expression of BCAA metabolic enzymes. The cytosolic branched chain aminotransferase (BCATc) that is commonly overexpressed in cancer cells, was downregulated in chondrosarcoma (SW1353) in contrast to osteosarcoma (143B) cells that expressed both BCATc and its mitochondrial isoform BCATm. Treating SW1353cells with gabapentin, a selective inhibitor of BCATc, further revealed that these cells failed to respond to gabapentin. Application of the structural analog of leucine, N-acetyl-leucine amide (NALA) to disrupt leucine uptake, indicated that all bone sarcoma cells used leucine to support their energy metabolism and biosynthetic demands. This was evident from the increased activity of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), downregulation of complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1), and reduced cell viability in response to NALA. The observed changes were most profound in the 143B cells, which appeared highly dependent on cytosolic and mitochondrial BCAA metabolism. This study thus demonstrates that bone sarcomas rely on leucine and BCAA metabolism for energy and growth; however, the differential expression of BCAA enzymes and the presence of other carbon sources may dictate how efficiently these cancer cells take advantage of BCAA metabolism.
The effects of cultured dairy and non-dairy products added to breakfast cereals on blood glucose control, satiation, satiety, and short-term food intake in young women.

Breakfast cereals are often consumed with dairy products or non-dairy alternatives; however, the effect of the combination on blood glucose and food intake control is not well investigated. In a randomized, crossover study, 24 healthy women (age: 22.7±2.5y; BMI:22.1±1.5kg/m2) consumed, to satiation, one of three treatments: Greek yogurt with granola (150kcal, 9.2g protein, 2.6g fat, 2.0g dietary fibre, and 21.5g available carbohydrate/100g); cultured coconut product with granola (146kcal, 3.2g protein, 3.2g fat, 5.6g dietary fibre, and 21.9g available carbohydrate/100g); or water control. The data were analyzed with RM-ANOVA. The 2h blood glucose iAUC was 52% lower after the dairy compared to non-dairy treatment (P<0.0001). While there were no differences in food intake between the caloric treatments consumed to satiation, protein intake was three times higher and fibre intake was four times lower after the dairy compared to non-dairy treatment. Both caloric treatments resulted in similar suppression of ad libitum food intake at 2h (P<0.003) and subjective appetite over 2h (P<0.0001) compared to water. The cumulative food intake over 2h was lower after water (P<0.05). The 1.8-fold-increase in postprandial insulin after dairy compared to non-dairy treatment may explain the reduction in blood glucose without an increase in subsequent energy intake. Novelty bullets • Blood glucose in young females is lower after a breakfast with granola in a high-protein cultured dairy than when in a high-fibre non-dairy cultured product. • Subjective appetite over 2h and food intake 2h later was similarly lower after both breakfasts but cumulative intake was higher compared to breakfast skipping.
Capacidad de respuesta de la atención primaria en salud mental en Chile: una contribución a Alma-Ata

RESUMEN El presente artículo identifica estrategias que han contribuido al desarrollo de la capacidad de respuesta de la atención primaria en salud mental en Chile y analiza algunos aprendizajes de este proceso. Se destacan la formulación de planes nacionales de salud mental, el desarrollo gradual de un sistema de información, la inversión de fondos adicionales, la creación de programas y orientaciones; el desarrollo de recursos humanos, el posicionamiento de la salud mental en las redes integradas de servicios de salud, el apoyo al desarrollo biopsicosocial de la infancia, el modelo de atención familiar y comunitario, el reforzamiento de liderazgos y alianzas entre salud y servicios sociales. Como indicadores de la capacidad de respuesta se muestran el aumento de recursos para salud mental en atención primaria, tanto financieros como en la cantidad y capacitación de profesionales, y el aumento de procesos de salud mental en atención primaria, destacándose la tasa de personas en tratamiento por trastornos mentales y las prestaciones de apoyo al desarrollo de la infancia. Se analizan diversos factores que han contribuido a los avances de la atención primaria en salud mental, así como algunas debilidades de este proceso. Como conclusión, se muestra a otros países de la Región la factibilidad de avanzar hacia los postulados de Alma-Ata, implementando gradualmente cambios sustanciales en la capacidad de respuesta de la atención primaria en salud mental. Para este efecto, se recomienda aumentar la calidad y cantidad de la investigación en el tema, con metodologías que permitan comparaciones entre distintos países de la Región.
Effect of moderate elevated intra-abdominal pressure on lung mechanics and histological lung injury at different positive end-expiratory pressures

Introduction Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is a well-known phenomenon in critically ill patients. Effects of a moderately elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on lung mechanics are still not fully analyzed. Moreover, the optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in elevated IAP is unclear. Methods We investigated changes in lung mechanics and transformation in histological lung patterns using three different PEEP levels in eighteen deeply anesthetized pigs with an IAP of 10 mmHg. After establishing the intra-abdominal pressure, we randomized the animals into 3 groups. Each of n = 6 (Group A = PEEP 5, B = PEEP 10 and C = PEEP 15 cmH2O). End-expiratory lung volume (EELV/kg body weight (bw)), pulmonary compliance (Cstat), driving pressure (ΔP) and transpulmonary pressure (ΔPL) were measured for 6 hours. Additionally, the histological lung injury score was calculated. Results Comparing hours 0 and 6 in group A, there was a decrease of EELV/kg (27±2 vs. 16±1 ml/kg; p<0.05) and of Cstat (42±2 vs. 27±1 ml/cmH2O; p<0.05) and an increase of ΔP (11±0 vs. 17±1 cmH2O; p<0.05) and ΔPL (6±0 vs. 10±1 cmH2O; p<0.05). In group B, there was no significant change in EELV/kg (27±3 vs. 24±3 ml/kg), but a decrease in Cstat (42±3 vs. 32±1 ml/cmH20; p<0.05) and an increase in ΔP (11±1 vs. 15±1 cmH2O; p<0.05) and ΔPL (5±1 vs. 7±0 cmH2O; p<0.05). In group C, there were no significant changes in EELV/kg (27±2 vs. 29±3 ml/kg), ΔP (10±1 vs. 12±1 cmH2O) and ΔPL (5±1 vs. 7±1 cmH2O), but a significant decrease of Cstat (43±1 vs. 37±1 ml/cmH2O; p<0.05). Histological lung injury score was lowest in group B. Conclusions A moderate elevated IAP of 10 mmHg leads to relevant changes in lung mechanics during mechanical ventilation. In our study, a PEEP of 10 cmH2O was associated with a lower lung injury score and was able to overcome the IAP induced alterations of EELV.
A phase 1 study of MM-121 (a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family member ErbB3) in combination with cetuximab and irinotecan in patients with advanced cancers.

3076 Background: ErbB3-EGFR heterodimers have been implicated in resistance to targeted and conventional therapies across multiple malignancies. Methods: This phase 1 trial assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of MM-121 in combination with cetuximab (Part 1) or with cetuximab and irinotecan (Part 2) in patients (pts) with advanced solid cancers. Pts were dosed in a “3+3” design with escalating doses of MM-121 and cetuximab without (Pat 1) or with (Part 2) biweekly irinotecan. Results: Part 1 enrolled 34 pts with a median age of 60. Common (>25%) adverse events (AE) of any grade were: fatigue (64.7%), dermatitis acneiform (47.1%), hypomagnesemia (47.1%), diarrhea (44.1%), decreased appetite (32.4%) and hypokalemia (26.5%). One DLT was observed in the first cohort of Part 1 (G3 lung infection) and dose escalation was able to continue to the highest recommended doses of MM121 and cetuximab. One pts (CRC) had a complete response (CR), and three pts (NCSLC (2), cholangiocarcin.
Dopaminergic drugs alter beta coherence during motor imagery and motor execution in healthy adults

Abstract Background: Motor Imagery (MI) represents the cognitive component of the movement and recruits dopaminergic systems. Objective: To investigate the role of dopaminergic system through the action of methylphenidate and risperidone over beta coherence during execution, action observation and motor imagery. Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded before and after the substance intake. For statistical analysis, a three-way ANOVA was used to identify changes in beta coherence induced by the group, task and the moment variables. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.007. Results: We found a main effect for group for C3/CZ, and a main effect for task for CZ/C4 pairs of electrodes. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the post-drug administration between groups for C3/CZ pair of electrodes, and between task for C4/CZ pair of electrodes. Conclusion: The administration of methylphenidate and risperidone was able to produce electrocortical changes of the cortical central regions, even when featuring antagonistic effects on the dopaminergic pathways. Moreover, the execution task allowed beta-band modulation increase.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTIC AND IN –PATIENTS MORTALITY AMONG 100 PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE ADMITTED TO IBN SEENA CENTRAL HOSPITAL, MUKALLA, HADHRAMOUT- YEMEN

Background: The rate of heart failure in Hadhramout is steadily increasing. Objective: To determine the clinical characteristic and the predictors of in –hospital mortality of heart failure patients. Method: The first 100 consecutive patients with heart failure admitted to Ibn Seena central hospital in Mukalla for whom clinical history, physical examination and the basic investigations( including hemogram, blood sugar, chest X-Ray. Renal function test, serum cholesterol, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram) were performed during the period from October 2007 to June 2008. Results: In this study, we found male were more affected than female (65% versus 35%). The mean age of the patients was 57 ±12.1 years for males and 59 ±12.2 years for females. The most common underlying causes in all the patients were IHD in 52% followed by AHT 25%. IHD was more in males and AHT was more in females, while valvular heart diseases was the cause of HF in only 7%. The most common associated co-morbidities were renal dysfunction, anemia, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and stroke in 43%, 41%, 35%, 25% and12% respectively. Patients of heart failure with impaired left ventricular function were 67.8%. And it was more in males than in females (52.7% &15.1%). The most common presenting symptoms was dyspnea of different classes in all of the patients and the most common sign was cardiomegaly in 89% of the patients followed by pulmonary crackles in 82%. And the most common arrhythmia were ventricular ectopic in 28% and atrial fibrillation in 21%. During the admission period 9 out of 100 patients died. The most common underlying causes were IHD, AHT and DCM and the most common comorbidities of death were elder age of the patients, male sex, anemia, renal failure, DM, Stroke, impaired systolic ventricular function, and class IV NYHA dyspnea. Conclusion: This study revealed that HF is common in our community and it is recommended that early detection and management of the underlying etiology and associated co-morbidities could reduce the morbidity and mortality of HF
Safety Considerations for Thermoplastic-Type Appliances Used as Orthodontic Aligners or Retainers. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and In-Vitro Research

Use of thermoplastic material in orthodontics, either as aligner or as retainer appliances, is common practice and is likely to increase in the years to come. However, no systematic assessment on safety considerations of these adjuncts has been implemented up to date. The aim of this systematic review was to collectively appraise the existing evidence from both clinical and laboratory studies, on whether these appliances are associated with any estrogenic/cytotoxic effects or bisphenol-A (BPA) and monomer leaching. Eight electronic databases were searched with no limits in December 22, 2019, for published and unpublished research. Eligibility criteria comprised of studies of any design, describing use of any type of thermoplastic aligner. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessment was done independently, either in duplicate or confirmed by a second reviewer. Random effects meta-analyses of weighted mean differences (WMD) with associated 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were planned. Quality of the evidence was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A total of 58 articles were initially identified, while 5 were included in qualitative synthesis and 2 of those contributed to the quantitative syntheses. Four studies were in-vitro, while one was a randomized controlled trial; all assessed some type of orthodontic aligner or retainer, either as-received or retrieved. Risk of bias recordings ranged between unclear and high for all studies. Proliferation induction capacity of thermoplastic appliances’ eluents on MCF-7 cells failed to be confirmed compared to beta-estradiol (2 studies: 5% v/v, WMD: −182.08; 95% CI: −198.83, −165.33; p-value < 0.001; and 20% v/v, WMD: −184.53; 95% CI: −206.17, −162.88; p-value < 0.001). No cytotoxic activity was detected as well. In addition, although evidence from in-vitro studies was indicative of no traceable detection of BPA or other monomers, the findings from a single clinical trial were allied to increased levels of BPA in whole stimulated saliva, after up to 30 days of thermoplastic retainer usage, compared to standard Hawley retainer. The quality of the evidence overall was low to medium. Current data from in-vitro research are indicative of an absence of an estrogenic or cytotoxic effect of thermoplastic aligners or retainers. Regarding BPA or monomer release, evidence from clinical and laboratory studies appear inconsistent.
miR−21 and NT-proBNP Correlate with Echocardiographic Parameters of Atrial Dysfunction and Predict Atrial Fibrillation

This study aimed to investigate the association of circulating biomarkers with echocardiographic parameters of atrial remodelling and their potential for predicting atrial fibrillation (AF). In patients with and without AF (n = 21 and n = 60) the following serum biomarkers were determined: soluble ST2 (sST2), Galectin−3 (Gal-3), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), microRNA (miR)−21, −29a, −133a, −146b and −328. Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all participants. Biomarkers were significantly altered in patients with AF. The echocardiographic parameter septal PA-TDI, indicating left atrial (LA) remodelling, correlated with concentrations of sST2 (r = 0.249, p = 0.048), miR−21 (r = −0.277, p = 0.012), miR−29a (r = −0.269, p = 0.015), miR−146b (r = −0.319, p = 0.004) and miR−328 (r = −0.296, p = 0.008). In particular, NT-proBNP showed a strong correlation with echocardiographic markers of LA remodelling and dysfunction (septal PA-TDI: r = 0.444, p < 0.001, LAVI/a’: r = 0.457, p = 0.001, SRa: r = 0.581, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regressions analysis highlighted miR−21 and NT-proBNP as predictive markers for AF (miR−21: hazard ratio (HR) 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.7, p = 0.009; NT-proBNP: HR 1.002 95%CI 1.001–1.004, p = 0.006). Combination of NT-proBNP and miR−21 had the best accuracy to discriminate patients with AF from those without AF (area under the curve (AUC)= 0.843). Our findings indicate that miR−21 and NT-proBNP correlate with echocardiographic parameters of atrial remodeling and predict AF, in particular if combined.
Prenatal testing in pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization with pre‐implantation genetic testing

Women with pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) with normal pre‐implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) are advised to undergo prenatal screening and testing during pregnancy. It is not well known how many follow these recommendations. Our objective was to study prenatal testing decisions made by women with pregnancies conceived through IVF with PGT‐A.
Aldosterone Decreases Vasopressin-Stimulated Water Reabsorption in Rat Inner Medullary Collecting Ducts

Aldosterone indirectly regulates water reabsorption in the distal tubule by regulating sodium reabsorption. However, the direct effect of aldosterone on vasopressin-regulated water and urea permeability in the rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) has not been tested. We investigated whether aldosterone regulates osmotic water permeability in isolated perfused rat IMCDs. Adding aldosterone (500 nM) to the bath significantly decreased osmotic water permeability in the presence of vasopressin (50 pM) in both male and female rat IMCDs. Aldosterone significantly decreased aquaporin-2 (AQP2) phosphorylation at S256 but did not change it at S261. Previous studies show that aldosterone can act both genomically and non-genomically. We tested the mechanism by which aldosterone attenuates osmotic water permeability. Blockade of gene transcription with actinomycin D did not reverse aldosterone-attenuated osmotic water permeability. In addition to AQP2, the urea transporter UT-A1 contributes to vasopressin-regulated urine concentrating ability. We tested aldosterone-regulated urea permeability in vasopressin-treated IMCDs. Blockade of gene transcription did not reverse aldosterone-attenuated urea permeability. In conclusion, aldosterone directly regulates water reabsorption through a non-genomic mechanism. Aldosterone-attenuated water reabsorption may be related to decreased trafficking of AQP2 to the plasma membrane. There may be a sex difference apparent in the inhibitory effect of aldosterone on water reabsorption in the inner medullary collecting duct. This study is the first to show a direct effect of aldosterone to inhibit vasopressin-stimulated osmotic water permeability and urea permeability in perfused rat IMCDs.
Do Development and Diet Determine the Degree of Cannibalism in Insects? To Eat or Not to Eat Conspecifics

Cannibalism in insects plays an important role in ecological relationships. Nonetheless, it has not been studied as extensively as in other arthropods groups (e.g., Arachnida). From a theoretical point of view, cannibalism has an impact on the development of more realistic stage-structure mathematical models. Additionally, it has a practical application for biological pest control, both in mass-rearing and out in the field through inoculative releases. In this paper, the cannibalistic behavior of two species of predatory bugs was studied under laboratory conditions—one of them a generalist predator (strictly carnivorous), Nabis pseudoferus, and the other a true omnivore (zoophytophagous), Nesidiocoris tenuis—and compared with the intraguild predation (IGP) behavior. The results showed that cannibalism in N. pseudoferus was prevalent in all the developmental stages studied, whereas in N. tenuis, cannibalism was rarely observed, and it was restricted mainly to the first three nymphal stages. Cannibalism and intraguild predation had no linear relationship with the different cannibal–prey size ratios, as evaluated by the mortality rates and survival times, although there were variations in cannibalism between stages, especially for N. pseudoferus. The mathematical model’s implications are presented and discussed.