Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new species of Sunamphitoe Bate, 1857 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ampithoidae) from Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract A new species of ampithoid amphipod, Sunamphitoe gigantea sp. nov., is described from Katsurakoi, Hokkaido, Japan. The new species most closely resembles S. eoa, but can be distinguished from it by the shorter flagellum of antenna 1, the maxilla 1 inner plate that bears two slender setae, the short dactylus of male gnathopod 2, and the presence of a group of long setae on anterior margins of pereopods 3 and 4 bases. Nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I obtained from the type specimens also differentiated this new species from the congeners. Ontogenetic morphological changes of the male gnathopod 2 are briefly discussed.
Prevalence of hypertension among young adults in a Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India

Background: Young adults are failed to observe in studies on impact of high blood pressure as they are esteemed to be at a low risk of developing the complication or disease. Study of disease prevalence and their relation with life style habits provide the information required to develop interventional strategies. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension among young adults in Jaipur district, Rajasthan and to study the impact of life style habits like tobacco use and alcohol consumption on hypertension. Methods: Data were collected from 390 college students aged 18 years and older in selected degree college by a cross-sectional survey. Blood pressure recordings, anthropometric measurements as well as socio-demographic characteristics were collected. Results: High blood pressure was observed in 152 out of the 390 students (38.97%), of which the 20 (5.13%) are hypertensive, majority were newly diagnosed (65%). Prevalence of high blood pressure among male students was higher (40.29% compared to 37.5% among female students). Out of total 33.85% and 5.12 % of the students were found to pre-hypertensive and hypertensive respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was found higher among those with a history of smoking or alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Majority of students with high blood pressure (hypertensive stage) were previously undiagnosed. A large number of students were in pre-hypertensive stage. Their early identification and right intervention at right time will lessen the impact of high blood pressure in productive age.
Understanding Node Capture Attacks in User Authentication Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks

Despite decades of intensive research, it is still challenging to design a practical multi-factor user authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This is because protocol designers are confronted with a long-standing “security versus efficiency” dilemma: sensor nodes are lightweight devices with limited storage and computation capabilities, while the security requirements are demanding as WSNs are generally deployed for sensitive applications. Hundreds of proposals have been proposed, yet most of them have been found to be problematic, and the same mistakes are repeated again and again. Two of the most common security failures are regarding smart card loss attacks and node capture attacks. The former has been extensively investigated in the literature, while little attention has been given to understanding the node capture attacks. To alleviate this undesirable situation, this article takes a substantial step towards systematically exploring node capture attacks against multi-factor user authentication schemes for WSNs. We first investigate the various causes and consequences of node capture attacks, and classify them into ten different types in terms of the attack targets, adversary’s capabilities and vulnerabilities exploited. Then, we elaborate on each type of attack through examining 11 typical vulnerable protocols, and suggest corresponding countermeasures. Finally, we conduct a large-scale comparative measurement of 61 representative user authentication schemes for WSNs under our extended evaluation criteria. We believe that such a systematic understanding of node capture attacks would help design secure user authentication schemes for WSNs.
A coordinated control law for inlet/outlet independent regulation of electro-hydraulic speed control system under sustained negative load

Negative load operation is an inevitable operating condition for a completed task cycle of electro-hydraulic speed control system. In this working condition, to coordinate both tracking control and speed smooth regulation is necessary for avoiding stall. In this paper, a nonlinear coordinated control law aiming at independent regulation of inlet/outlet oil of valve-controlled electro-hydraulic speed system under sustained negative load is proposed. The overall control system can be divided into position tracking control subsystem and speed smooth control subsystem according to the function of the system operation. First, the coordinated control strategy is designed according to the requirements of speed tracking and speed smoothing. Then, for the coupling control problem existed in the system, a novel control law based on objective acceleration planning and expected back-pressure planning is presented. Furthermore, specified on the problem of uncertain random disturbance in practical applications, the extended state observer is designed, extending the summation of uncertain stochastic disturbance under sustained negative load into a new state variable. Finally, addressing the coordinated control strategy with expected back-pressure planning, we designed nonlinear decoupling control laws by using backstepping sliding mode robust control and backstepping sliding mode control based on extended state observer, respectively. The results of simulation and experiment show that the proposed nonlinear coordinated control strategy can provide the excellent coordination and robust performance for tracking control and speed smooth regulation.
Menarche Age of Mothers and Daughters and Correlation between them in SaudiArabia

Objective: Menarche is the hallmark maturation event of every female child. The menarcheal age of mothers is thought to be a good predictor of the menarcheal age of daughters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current age at menarche of young girls and to examine its correlation with that of mother’s menarcheal age. Materials and methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross sectional study conducted at Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. The target study population included young girls between ages 12 and 16 years, experiencing Age at menarche. The sample size for analyzing the relationship between menarcheal age of daughters and mothers was 165. SPSS 16 was used to analyze the extracted data. Results: The mean menarche age for the mothers (12.97 ± 1.71 years) was significantly higher than the daughters (11.5 ± 1.48 years). In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between mother's menarcheal age and daughter's menarcheal age (r=0.264, P=0.023). Conclusion: The results of the survey clearly demonstrated that a phenomenon of acceleration is involved. Various environmental and genetic factors are also involved which influences the age at menarche. It is essential to broaden the cross sectional study with regards to other factors such as body mass index and physical activity at Menarcheal age.
Prevalence Rate of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Women Attending Abia State Teaching Hospital Aba, Nigeria

Background: Most women regard any secretion from the vagina as abnormal discharge and the first task for primary health care giver is to confirm whether it is physiological or pathological. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rate of Candida infection among women, attending Abia State teaching hospital, Abayi Aba. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic data. Methodology: One hundred high vaginal swab samples were collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic non-pregnant women between ages 15-45 years old. These specimens were analyzed with standard microbiological techniques. The swabs were inoculated on sabouraud dextrose agar and incubated at 37 degrees centigrade for 48hrs. Wet preparation was examined microscopically for presence of yeast cells. Gram staining was also done. Germ tube test was carried out to confirm Candida albicans species. Results: Of the 100 specimens analyzed, the overall prevalence of Candida species was 57% (n=57). There were 47 symptomatic participants and 53 asymptomatic participants in the study. Of the 47 symptomatic women, 36 had Candida species while 21 out of 53 asymptomatic women had Candida species. The participants were also grouped according to their socio-economic status and the result revealed that traders were most affected with prevalence rate of 35.1% while the housewives were least affected with prevalence rate of 14.0%. Conclusion: This study recorded higher prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among both symptomatic and asymptomatic non-pregnant women in Abia State teaching hospital. Regular checkup and good hygiene practice are critical in order to forestall avoidable complications.
I/Q Imbalance and Imperfect SIC on Two-Way Relay NOMA Systems

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system can meet the demands of ultra-high data rate, ultra-low latency, ultra-high reliability and massive connectivity of user devices (UE). However, the performance of the NOMA system may be deteriorated by the hardware impairments. In this paper, the joint effects of in-phase and quadrature-phase imbalance (IQI) and imperfect successive interference cancellation (ipSIC) on the performance of two-way relay cooperative NOMA (TWR C-NOMA) networks over the Rician fading channels are studied, where two users exchange information via a decode-and-forward (DF) relay. In order to evaluate the performance of the considered network, analytical expressions for the outage probability of the two users, as well as the overall system throughput are derived. To obtain more insights, the asymptotic outage performance in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region and the diversity order are analysed and discussed. Throughout the paper, Monte Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of our analysis. The results show that IQI and ipSIC have significant deleterious effects on the outage performance. It is also demonstrated that the outage behaviours of the conventional OMA approach are worse than those of NOMA. In addition, it is found that residual interference signals (IS) can result in error floors for the outage probability and zero diversity orders. Finally, the system throughput can be limited by IQI and ipSIC, and the system throughput converges to a fixed constant in the high SNR region.
Büyüme Korkusu İle Psikolojik Belirtiler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Bu calismanin amaci buyume korkusu ile psikolojik belirtiler arasindaki iliskiyi incelemektir. Bu amac dogrultusunda buyume korkusu kavrami, bagimsiz yasama hazirlik ve sorumlulugu icsellestirmede zorlanma, evlenmeye karsi olumsuz tutum, sosyal-duygusal yalnizlik, romantik iliskiyi surdurmede zorlanma alt boyutlari ile ele alinmistir. Calisma, 18-35 yas araliginda bulunan, Istanbul’da yasayan, 201 kadin ve 199 erkek olmak uzere toplam 400 kisiyle gerceklestirilmistir. Veri toplama araci olarak Demografik Bilgi Formu, Kisa Semptom Envanteri ve Buyume Korkusu Olcegi kullanilmistir. Calisma sonucunda buyume korkusu ile psikolojik belirtilerden hostilite, somatizasyon, olumsuz benlik, depresyon ve genel semptom ortalamasi arasinda pozitif yonde anlamli iliski bulunmustur. Buyume korkusunun bagimsiz yasama hazirlik ve sorumlulugu icsellestirmede zorlanma, romantik iliskiyi surdurmede zorlanma ve sosyal duygusal yalnizlik alt boyutlari ile hostilite, somatizasyon, olumsuz benlikle ilgili belirtileri, depresyon ve genel semptom ortalamasi arasinda pozitif yonde anlamli iliski bulunmustur. Buyume korkusunun evlilige karsi olumsuz tutum alt boyutu ile ise sadece depresyon duzeyi ve genel semptom ortalamasi arasinda pozitif yonde anlamli iliski bulunmustur. Kadinlar ve erkekler arasinda hem buyume korkusu hem de psikolojik belirtiler acisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli farklilik bulunmamistir. Katilimcilarin calisip calismama durumuna gore psikolojik belirtileri incelendigi zaman sadece olumsuz benlikle ilgili belirtileri ve genel semptom ortalamalari acisindan aralarinda anlamli farklilik oldugu saptanmistir.0000
Pathogenesis of aortic stenosis : implications regarding impairment of nitric oxide signalling.

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is now the most common valve disease in Western world and its prevalence and incidence are rising. The earliest clinically detectable stage of this process, aortic valve sclerosis (ASc), reflects abnormal aortic valve morphology in the absence of haemodynamic obstruction, but may progress to AS. The prevalence of ASc is as high as 25% in populations over 65 years of age: thus it carries important epidemiological, clinical and pathophysiological implications. Despite the increased interest into studies of ASc/AS, the pathogenesis of this condition remains largely elusive, except to say that rather than the notion of being just a “wear and tear” inevitable process, it is now accepted to be an active pathophysiological process. The relevant literature is reviewed in Chapter 1. Studies described in this thesis address the determinants of occurrence and progression of ASc in a cohort of aging subjects followed for 4 years. Novel methodology of aortic valve ultrasonic backscatter was utilized to quantitate ASc severity and progression. In the subsequent studies the effects of ASc on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were evaluated in a separate cohort of healthy aging individuals, with no significant cardiovascular risk factors or hypertensive therapy. Finally, effects of aging on integrity of the nitric oxide (NO) signalling cascade were examined in the population cohort recruited for evaluation of progression of ASc. The key findings from this thesis are: (1) Platelet NO responsiveness is a determinant of both the occurrence and progression of ASc, while age and BMI are determinant of occurrence only. Calcium levels and arterial stiffness correlate only with progression. Categorical assessment of progression reveals that use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system is associated with lack of ASc progression.
A Note on the Rate of Marching and the Expenditure of Energy in Man

THE whole question ot th~ influence of the rate at which the work of forward progression is carried out and whether there exists an optimum rate is one of very considerable importance both from the purely economic and the strictly military point of view. In this latter instance, where the two interests tend to clash, a definite solution of the problem would be of great value. ~'he question might be~ome of prime importance particularly in open warfare, where the men must advance as the exigencies of the position demand, but attp.e same time this advance can only be made at the cost of a considerable. output of energy, energy which must be made good by the supply branches. Can'it be definitely stated that there is an optimum rate of progress, or is the movement of unit mass through unit . distance done at cons'tant cost so that the energy output bears a constant ratio to the' distance actually covered in unit time-i.e.; is it relatively as costly to march at three miles per hour as it is when the pace is increased to five miles per hour? The question is one which has engaged the attention of a large· number of workers but, so -far as we are aware, only once, in addition to the recent discussion of the problem by Cathcart and Orr [1] I has it been. dealt wi th from a military point of view, viz., by Zuntz and Schumburg [2J. ·
The impact of ischaemic preconditioning on cerebrovascular function in healthy individuals.

Introduction: Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) refers to non-lethal repeated bouts of ischaemia followed by reperfusion applied to a vascular bed, tissue or organ rendering protection to future ischaemic events. RIPC has been reported to enhance functional recovery from heart attacks and strokes, as well as improve conduit artery and microvessel function. Remarkably, very few human studies have examined the impact of RIPC on cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cerebrovascular function. The overall aim of this thesis was to assess, in healthy individuals, the impact of bilateral arm RIPC or SHAM on resting CBF, cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral autoregulation, and autoregulation during hypercapnia. Methods: Nine healthy participants (age 32.6±11.1 yrs; BMI 25.9±4.4 kg/m2) underwent two laboratory visits; RIPC and SHAM. RIPC consisted of 4 x 5 min periods of cuff inflation (to 200 mmHg) around the upper arm, with cuff inflation alternated between arms every 5 mins. SHAM consisted of the same protocol, but with cuff inflation to a pressure of 10 mmHg. CBF was measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Cerebral autoregulation was assessed using the squat to stand technique (5 second squat-5 second stand) while cerebral CO2 reactivity was assessed via a period of hypercapnia involving inhalation of 5% CO2. Finally, cerebral autoregulation was again assessed during hypercapnia. Results: CBF was not affected during either RIPC or SHAM (P>0.05). RIPC did not significantly affect cerebral autoregulation or CO2 reactivity, compared to SHAM (P>0.05). Hypercapnia reduced transfer function phase (39 to 16) radians during autoregulation, with no difference between the IPC and Sham conditions. Conclusion: These data indicate that an acute bout of bilateral RIPC does not affect CBF, cerebral autoregulation or cerebral reactivity. Additionally, an acute bout of RIPC does not attenuate the impairment to cerebrovascular function caused by hypercapnia.
Analyzing the Evidence: Are Multiclass Mutual Funds the Right Choice?

One of the largest changes in the mutual fund industry in the past 25 years has been the introduction of multiple-class mutual funds. This article discusses the history of this development, outlines the basic structure of such funds, and provides a survey of empirical research regarding the structure. Evidence indicates that the Securities and Exchange Commission’s initial concerns regarding multiclass funds were warranted, as the majority of empirical evidence suggests that multiclass funds are fraught with agency problems. Investors and advisors must understand the nuances of multiclass funds when investing, because evidence indicates that the expenses associated with such funds are substantial, and these funds may have lower-quality governance. TOPICS: Financial crises and financial market history, mutual fund performance Key Findings • This article surveys existing literature on multiple-class mutual funds to inform professional advisers and investors of existing agency problems. Ultimately, the article aims to promote investor protection regarding the structure. • This article documents that multiple-class mutual funds expose investors to higher expenses than single-class mutual funds while potentially having lower governance quality. • This article details the role the Securities and Exchange Commission played in establishing multiple-class mutual funds (via rule 18f-3) and summarizes concerns that the Commission initially had regarding the structure.
Manganese oxides transformed from orthorhombic phase to birnessite with enhanced electrochemical performance as supercapacitor electrodes

Manganese oxides (MnO2) are a class of promising electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. Among various possible crystal phases of MnO2, the two-dimensional layered birnessite (δ-MnO2) is considered to facilitate cation intercalation/deintercalation with little structural rearrangement during the charging and discharging process. Here, we report a facile strategy for synthesis of δ-MnO2 with significantly enhanced electrochemical capacitive energy storage performance via phase transformation of orthorhombic MnO2. The resultant δ-MnO2 delivers a specific capacitance of 251.4 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, which is almost three times higher than that of the original orthorhombic phase. The solid-state flexible asymmetric supercapacitor based on birnessite MnO2 as the positive electrode possesses an operating potential window as high as 2.0 V as well as high energy density and power density. This work demonstrates the post crystal engineering of MnO2 is an effective way to optimize their electrochemical properties.
Resolvendo conflitos em aplicações de distribuição de conteúdo em redes veiculares

The distribution of entertainment content in vehicular networks consume a large volume of bandwidth. When solicitations are not attended, it occurs conflicts caused by the dispute for resources, reducing the users’ satisfaction. This paper proposes a solution to solve these conflicts, considering the best algorithm according to environmental contexts and the application, through the CReMe methodology. The obtained results show that was possible use the methodology to solve those conflicts, and still be adaptative to the context, balancing the use of resources and the users’ satisfaction. Resumo. A distribuição de conteúdo de entretenimento em redes veiculares consome um volume significativo de largura de banda. Quando as solicitações de conteúdos não são totalmente atendidas, ocorrem conflitos de interesses na disputa pelos recursos, reduzindo a satisfação dos usuários. Este trabalho propõe uma solução para resolver estes conflitos, considerando o algoritmo mais adequado ao contexto do ambiente e da aplicação, por meio da metodologia CReMe. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que foi possı́vel utilizar a metodologia para resolver os conflitos, de modo adaptativo ao contexto, balanceando o consumo de recursos e a satisfação do usuário. 1. Introdução As redes veiculares têm como função viabilizar uma conexão para a troca de mensagens e compartilhamento de recursos entre os próprios veı́culos e ou entre os veı́culos e estações fixas. Aplicações de entretenimento para as redes veiculares têm a função de distribuir conteúdos como músicas, vı́deos, páginas web e são de grande importância e utilidade por atuarem em um ambiente cada vez mais caótico, implicado por problemas gerados pelo próprio trânsito dos veı́culos [Costa-Montenegro et al. 2012]. Um dos grandes desafios inerentes às aplicações de entretenimento é a alta demanda por largura de banda [Jiau et al. 2015]. Para as aplicações de uso coletivo disponibilizarem seus recursos, com todos os seus benefı́cios, são imprescindı́veis a utilização dos dados de contexto dos usuários e o ambiente. Os dados de contexto são informações relevantes ao sistema e referem à
FRAMEWORK TO GUIDE DESIGNING OF INTERACTIVE TOOLS FOR ART GALLERIES

ix List of Abbreviations and Symbols Used . x Acknowledgements . xi Chapter