Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of temperature, humidity, and simulated sunlight on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that respiratory aerosols may play a role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that simulated sunlight inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols and on surfaces. In the present study, we extend these findings to include the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols across a range of temperature, humidity, and simulated sunlight levels using an environmentally controlled rotating drum aerosol chamber. The results demonstrate that temperature, simulated sunlight, and humidity are all significant factors influencing the persistence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols, but that simulated sunlight and temperature have a greater influence on decay than humidity across the range of conditions tested. The time needed for a 90% decrease in infectious virus ranged from 4.8 min at 40 °C, 20% relative humidity, and high intensity simulated sunlight representative of noon on a clear day on the summer solstice at 40°N latitude, to greater than two hours under conditions representative of those expected indoors or at night. These results suggest that the persistence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in naturally occurring aerosols may be affected by environmental conditions, and that aerosolized virus could remain infectious for extended periods of time under some environmental conditions. The present study provides a comprehensive dataset on the influence of environmental parameters on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols that can be utilized, along with data on viral shedding from infected individuals and the inhalational infectious dose, to inform future modeling and risk assessment efforts. Copyright © 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research
Restrictive and Supportive Mechanisms for Female Directors’ Risk-Averse Behavior: Evidence From South Asian Health Care Industry

This article aims to understand the impact of gender diversity on a firm’s equity volatility along with the moderating effect of chief executive officer (CEO) pay–performance sensitivity, institutional activism, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The sample consists of 200 South Asian health care firms over the period 2010 to 2018. After confirming the prevalence of endogeneity, we rely on the results of system generalized method of moments (GMM) rather than any static model. The results show that a higher representation of women on the board can mitigate the firm’s equity volatility. The findings of the study also purport that CEOs with higher pay–performance sensitivity exploit female directors to take the excessive risk, whereas institutional investors support the risk-averse behavior of these directors. However, we find no statistical evidence that CSR activities moderate the relationship between gender diversity and firm’s equity volatility. Our results theoretically support both stakeholder and agency perspectives that South Asian capital markets should enhance the representation of women on board to mitigate agency conflicts and to improve long-term firm’s sustainability.
How Perceived Pressure Affects Users’ Social Media Fatigue Behavior: A Case on WeChat

ABSTRACT The paper describes a study that examines the factors affecting Chinese users’ online social media fatigue on WeChat from the perspective of perceived pressure. This study is based on the S-S-O (Stressor-Strain-Outcome) theoretical framework and uses the structural equation modeling to analyze the factors affecting Chinese users’ online social media fatigue on WeChat. The results show that information overload, privacy concerns and time cost produce a strong positive impact on social media fatigue intention while compulsive use have a negative impact on social media fatigue intention. Fear of missing out (FoMO) affects social media fatigue intention not significantly, but FoMO indirectly affects social media fatigue intention through compulsive use. Intrinsic motivation plays a negatively moderating role between social media fatigue intention and fatigue behavior while extrinsic motivation plays a positively moderating role between them.
No-take marine reserves are the most effective protected areas in the ocean

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for reversing the global degradation of ocean life. Hence, it is important to know which types of MPAs are more effective, and under which conditions. No-take marine reserves – the MPAs with stronger protection – are very effective in restoring and preserving biodiversity, and in enhancing ecosystem resilience. A new meta-analysis of previous studies shows that biomass of whole fish assemblages in marine reserves is, on average, 670% greater than in adjacent unprotected areas, and 343% greater than in partially-protected MPAs. Marine reserves also help restore the complexity of ecosystems through a chain of ecological effects (trophic cascades) once the abundance of large animals recovers sufficiently. Marine reserves may not be immune to the effects of climate change, but to date, reserves with complex ecosystems are more resilient than unprotected areas. Although marine reserves were conceived to protect ecosystems within their boundaries, they have also been shown to enhance local fisheries and create jobs and new incomes through ecotourism.
SMART ROOM MONITORING MENGGUNAKAN MIT APP INVENTOR DENGAN KONEKSI BLUETOOTH

This study aims to design a smart room monitoring system (smart room) to determine the condition of the room in the house. This smart room system is based on Bluetooth and is assisted by the MIT App Inventor application which can do remote monitoring. This system is controlled by the Arduino Mega microcontroller which is connected to the sensor and Bluetooth. The sensors used are MQ2 to detect gas leaks, LM35 to detect room temperature, and PIR sensors to detect human presence. The MQ2 Sensor is placed near the LPG gas canisters, the PIR sensor is placed at entrance, while the LM35 sensor is placed at the center of the room, with neither direct blow from the Air Conditioner nor direct exposure to sunlight. Experiment shows that the sensor and the system work, and the application can also be connected to the system so that the sensors are monitored. In the MIT App Inventor application, the data received from Bluetooth is a PIR sensor that detects the presence of people in the room, the LM35 sensor can detect room temperature, and the MQ2 sensor can detect the presence of leaking gas.
Multi-Strategy MAX-MIN Ant System for Solving Quota Traveling Salesman Problem with Passengers, Incomplete Ride and Collection Time

This study proposes a novel adaptation of MAX-MIN Ant System algorithm for the Quota Traveling Salesman Problem with Passengers, Incomplete Ride, and Collection Time. There are different types of decisions to solve this problem: satisfaction of the minimum quota, acceptance of ride requests, and minimization of travel costs under the viewpoint of the salesman. The Algorithmic components proposed regards vehicle capacity, travel time, passenger limitations, and a penalty for delivering a passenger deliverance out of the required destination. The ant-based algorithm incorporates different sources of heuristic information for the ants and memory-based principles. Computational results are reported, showing the effectiveness of this ant-based algorithm.
The effect of iron limitation on cyanobacteria major nutrient and trace element stoichiometry

Phytoplankton elemental stoichiometry provides a window into the interactions between marine nutrient distributions and phytoplankton growth. Here, we report the extended elemental stoichiometry of two non‐diazotrophic cyanobacteria strains, Synechococcus WH7803 and Prochlorococcus MED4, in both Fe‐replete and Fe‐deplete media. Fe concentrations were reduced by two orders of magnitude in the Fe‐deplete media, causing growth rates to decline by 38% and 24%, respectively. The average elemental composition of Fe‐replete cells was (C76.5N19P1)1000Fe52.5Mn1. 90Zn0.86Cu0. 40Ni0.40Co0. 05Cd0.0020, while Fe‐limited cells averaged (C121N30P1)1000Fe12.2Mn3. 22Zn1.70Cu0. 41Ni0.36Co0. 11Cd0.0038 The trace‐metal stoichiometries measured here are similar to the ranges previously measured for a strain of Synechococcus and for many species of large eukaryotic phytoplankton. In contrast to large eukaryotic phytoplankton, which have previously exhibited either unchanged or decreased N : P under Fe‐limited conditions, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus increased N : P in Fe‐deplete media by 58% and 67%, respectively. Previous studies have examined the direct role of Fe in limiting nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs, but this study suggests a second mechanism by which Fe may impact nutrient cycling, by influencing the N : P uptake ratio of non‐diazotrophic cyanobacteria. A model of cyanobacteria distribution and Fe limitation is combined with the N : P stoichiometries measured here to suggest that up to 40% of the particulate organic nitrogen in the surface ocean might be associated with Fe‐limited waters, with the strongest effect observed in the Prochlorococcus dominated subtropical Pacific. Thus, if the effect on N : P we observe in culture is widespread in the oceans it would mean that Fe‐limitation could play a major role in global nitrogen and carbon cycling.
Cost‐effectively improving solid state drive lifetime by hierarchical redundancy and heterogeneous memories

Solid state drives (SSDs) built upon MLC NAND flash memories suffer from a low lifetime endurance induced by continuously scaling‐down feature sizes and increasing bit density per cell. To cost‐effectively address this problem, we propose to integrate both hierarchical data redundancy and heterogeneous flash memory techniques into the SSD, named H2‐SSD. Through deploying across‐chips data redundancy in addition to conventional in‐page error correction codes, error correction capacity, so does the lifetime endurance of H2‐SSD can be dramatically improved. Furthermore, an extra small‐size sisngle‐level cell (SLC) chip is integrated into H2‐SSD to store across‐chips parities. Due to the high program/erase performance and lifetime endurance of that SLC chip, I/O performance degradation induced by the hierarchical data redundancy can be significantly mitigated, even under strict synchronous parity update strategies. Quantitative analysis and trace‐driven simulations are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of H2‐SSD, in both the scenes with and without degraded reads. Experimental results demonstrate that H2‐SSD outperform the conventional SSD in maximum Program/Erase cycles by 23% to 178%, and suffer from negligible degradation of I/O performance in terms of both throughput and average response time in most cases.
Homogeneity and Structure Identification in Semiparametric Factor Models

Abstract Factor modeling is an essential tool for exploring intrinsic dependence structures in financial and economic studies through the construction of common latent variables, including the famous Fama–French three factor models for the description of asset returns in finance. However, most of the existing statistical methods for analyzing latent factors have been developed through a linear approach. In this article, we consider a semiparametric factor model and present a regularized estimation procedure for linear component identification on the transformed factor that combines B-spline basis function approximations and the smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty. In addition, a binary segmentation based algorithm is also developed to identify the homogeneous groups in loading parameters, producing more efficient estimation by pooling information across units within the same group. We carefully derive the asymptotic properties for the proposed procedures. Finally, simulation studies and a real data analysis are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of our proposals.
Molecular analysis of nematode evolution

The phylum Nematoda is both speciose and biologically and ecologically diverse (Chitwood and Chitwood, 1974; Andrássy, 1976; Anderson, 1992; Malakhov, 1994). Nematodes live at the bottoms of the deepest oceans (Ditlevsen, 1926), in the frozen deserts of the Antarctic and in terrestrial soils and inshore muds, often in incredible numerical abundance (Platonova and Gal’tsova, 1976). One of the best-known features of the Nematoda is that it includes a large number of parasitic species, many of which infect humans, domestic animals and food crops (Nickle, 1991; Anderson, 1992; Blaxter and Bird, 1997; Blaxter, 1998). Phylogenetic analysis can answer questions pertaining to the evolution of the parasitic lifestyle. How often has it arisen? Are there common features of the non-parasitic relatives of parasitic groups that point to ‘preadaptations’ necessary in the evolution of the trait? Can a directionality of evolution be inferred for contrasting parasitic characters, such as host utilization or mode of infection? Is parasitism an ancient phenotype or one that has developed recently, or, how closely related are parasites to each other? The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the subject of one of the most wide-ranging analyses of biology of a single species yet attempted (Riddle et al., 1997; Bargmann, 1998; Blaxter, 1998; C. elegans Genome Sequencing Consortium, 1998; Chervitz et al., 1998; Clark and Berg, 1998; Ruvkun and Hobert, 1998). In order to use this understanding to develop novel treatments for nematode-induced diseases, the relationship of C. elegans to parasitic species must be understood (Blaxter and Bird, 1997;
Loading of piperlongumine to liposomes after complexation with ß- cyclodextrin and its effect on viability of colon and prostate cancer cells

Use of nano carriers to treat cancer is attractive due to their advantages such as the sustained release of drugs and ability to target specific regions of the body where treatment is needed. However, loading water insoluble chemotherapeutic drugs into liposomes is challenging. In this study, we developed a method to encapsulate water-insoluble drug (piperlongumine) in liposomes by complexing piperlongumine with ß-Cyclodextrin. Liposomes encapsulated with piperlongumine incubated with COLO 205 and PC-3 cell lines and demonstrated that viability of COLO 205 and PC-3 cells decreases to 7% and 41% respectively when the piperlongumine concentration is at 20 μM.
Study role of interleukin 23 level, family histories and blood groups in psoriasis patients

Background: Psoriasis is the one of important autoimmune diseases with chronic inflammatory signs in skin Erythematous, scaly plaques, and can infect all ages and in all countries. Objectives & Methodology: In order to detect the incidence of Psoriasis and its association with elevated IL-23, 70 people were involved in the current study, their ages were (1-45) years and from both genders 30 of them was with Psoriasis and the family history groups 20 and the other healthy 20 were cosidered as control groups . This study was worked in the central health laboratory, Hilla Teaching Hospital in the peroid Nov.2018 to Feb.2019 in Babylon Governorate. Results: the IL23 of in Psoriasis patients has a significant with same results in family history groups in all age groups when comparison with control group. The results also showed that patients of blood group (O+) are the most frequent by percent (33.33) followed by B+, A+ , AB+ and AB ̄ with percent reached (30%,20%,10% and 6. 67%) respectively. Furthermore, there is a genetic tendency in the frequency of onset of Psoriasis as 20% in both parents and (30&10 %) in mothers and fathers respectively while 40% of the disease does not appear in their families. Results also showed significant increasing in the age groups (31-45) years in comparison with (1-15) and (16-30) years. The disease also rises in males compared with females. Conclusions: a significant increase in IL-23for patients with Psoriasis compared with the control group. Patients with family history are at high risk to develop Psoriasis. The age group (31–45) found to have high incidence of Psoriasis compared with other age groups. Persons of O+ blood groups may be at high risk to have Psoriasis.
Influence of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Mycorrhizas in Winter Wheat

Intraradicular installation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on the roots acts to amplify growth and to increase potential yield. Extraradicular network of hyphae developed by mycorrhizas acts as an extension of the root in order to access the nutrients located in unexplored areas. The percentage of roots occupied by mycorrhizal hyphae fluctuates heavily under the influence of fertilization. The highest values of the colonization parameters were recorded with a high level of phosphorus fertilization applied as phasial input. High doses of mineral fertilizers with phosphorus applied with seeding favors the development intraradicular hyphal networks in wheat roots. Â Â
The Cattle Dung Arthropod Community in Eastern South Dakota: Their Colonization, Impact on Degradation, and Response to Rangeland Management

vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION OF CATTLE MANAGEMENT ON RANGELANDS AND THE DUNG ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY . 1 References Cited . 17 CHAPTER TWO: DEGRADATION OF CATTLE PATS IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA AND IMPORTANCE OF DUNG BEETLES (SCARABAEIDAE) TO ADDITIONAL ARTHROPOD COLONIZATION . 32 Abstract . 32 Introduction . 33 Materials and Methods . 36 Results . 39 Discussion . 44 References Cited . 49 Tables . 55 Figures . 58 CHAPTER THREE: EFFECT OF CATTLE MANAGEMENT ON DUNG ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY STRUCTURE . 63 Abstract . 63 Introduction . 64 Materials and Methods . 67 Results . 70 Discussion . 74 References Cited . 79 Tables . 88 Figures . 97 CHAPTER FOUR: THE INFLUENCE OF CATTLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON PEST MAGGOT POPULATIONS IN SOUTH DAKOTA . 101 Abstract . 10
What is agentic about the Spatial Agency Bias? How pragmatic relevance contributes to the spatial representations of actions

The mental imagination of (social) actions has been shown to follow a left-to-right trajectory, with the thematic agent associated with the left position (Spatial Agency Bias, Suitner & Maass, 2016). For example, individuals asked to choose a picture that visualizes the sentence “Tom kicks George. ” tend to choose an image where the agent, Tom, is positioned on the left-hand side rather than on the righthand side. However, alternative to the thematic role of the agent, such findings may reflect a mental representation following pragmatic relevance. Specifically, a pragmatic perspective holds that word order and syntactic functions are strategic devices to communicate that the element is important for the sentence. Thus, positioning in the described picture-matching task may actually reflect the agent’s pragmatic relevance instead of agency per se. For a test, we vary whether sentences are written in active versus passive voice. Results from five studies indicate that passive voice results in the tendency to place the agent on the right-hand side rather than on the left-hand side of a picture. Instead, the acted-upon person is positioned on the left-hand side of a picture. A sixth experiment reveals that for passive voice, the agent is still seen as more agentic than the receiver, but is considered less relevant. The findings are congruent with the proposed pragmatic relevance account. Implications for the Spatial Agency Bias as well as for building mental representations in general are discussed. A cc ep te d A rt ic le
Assessing phylogeny and historical biogeography of the largest genus of lichen-forming fungi, Xanthoparmelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

Abstract Species richness is not evenly distributed across the tree of life and a limited number of lineages comprise an extraordinarily large number of species. In lichen-forming fungi, only two genera are known to be ‘ultradiverse’ (>500 species), with the most diverse genus, Xanthoparmelia, consisting of c. 820 species. While Australia and South Africa are known as current centres of diversity for Xanthoparmelia, it is not well known when and where this massive diversity arose. To better understand the geographical and temporal context of diversification in this diverse genus, we sampled 191 Xanthoparmelia specimens representing c. 124 species/species-level lineages from populations worldwide. From these specimens, we generated a multi-locus sequence data set using Sanger and high-throughput sequencing to reconstruct evolutionary relationships in Xanthoparmelia, estimate divergence times and reconstruct biogeographical histories in a maximum likelihood and Bayesian framework. This study corroborated the phylogenetic placement of several morphologically or chemically diverse taxa within Xanthoparmelia, such as Almbornia, Chondropsis, Karoowia, Namakwa, Neofuscelia, Omphalodiella, Paraparmelia, Placoparmelia and Xanthomaculina, in addition to improved phylogenetic resolution and reconstruction of previously unsampled lineages within Xanthoparmelia. Our data indicate that Xanthoparmelia most likely originated in Africa during the early Miocene, coinciding with global aridification and development of open habitats. Reconstructed biogeographical histories of Xanthoparmelia reveal diversification restricted to continents with infrequent intercontinental exchange by long-distance dispersal. While likely mechanisms by which Xanthoparmelia obtained strikingly high levels of species richness in Australia and South Africa remain uncertain, this study provides a framework for ongoing research into diverse lineages of lichen-forming fungi. Finally, our study highlights a novel approach for generating locus-specific molecular sequence data sets from high throughput metagenomic reads.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ve Mycobacterium bovis protein profillerinin karşılaştırmalı çalışması

1 Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Anatomy , School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4 Medical student, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran. 5 Anesthesia Department, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Obturation Techniques in Primary Teeth

Dental caries is a global concern affecting children and adults. A pulpectomy is considered to be the treatment of choice to preserve the pulpally involved primary teeth. Among the various factors determining the clinical success of pulpectomy, proper obturation of the root canals plays an important role. Different obturation materials are being used for the obturation of the primary teeth root canal, which includes zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide iodoform paste and combinations. These materials are available in different forms such as powder, powder and liquid, paste forms. Various techniques are available to introduce the obturation materials into the root canal systems. These techniques have been tried to create a three-dimensional fluid-tight seal of the root canals. This review article aims to highlight the different techniques that are being used for the obturation of primary teeth. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages. Creation of voids within the obturation, underfilling or overfilling are the common problems that can be encountered during root canal obturation. These factors can compromise the clinical and radiographic success of pulpectomy treatment. With the current evidence, no definitive conclusions can be made to decide which is the best obturation technique in terms of clinical and radiographic success. The choice of technique selection depends on the clinician’s preference, cost-effectiveness, time consumption, ease of handling.