Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovering Associations in High-Dimensional Data

Association discovery is one of the most studied tasks in the field of data mining (Agrawal et al. 1993). It involves identifying items that occur together in data, and has numerous applications in manufacturing, commerce, administration and science. However, far more attention has been paid to how to discover associations than to what associations should be discovered. In this talk Geoff will provide a highly subjective tour of the field. He will • highlight shortcomings of the dominant frequent pattern paradigm; • illustrate benefits of the alternative top-k paradigm; and • present the self-sufficient itemsets approach to identifying potentially interesting associations as described in Webb & Zhang (2005), Webb (2007, 2008, 2010, 2011).
Associations Between Maternal Peak Bone Mass and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Male and Female Children

The aim of this study was to estimate heritability of bone density in premenopausal women, prepubertal male, and prepubertal female child pairs. We studied 291 pairs (mothers, mean age, 33 years, range 22–45 years; children, mean age, 7.92 years, range 7.32‐8.92 years). Bone density and body composition were assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Height and weight were measured in both mother and child. Body size‐adjusted heritability estimates for areal bone density (g/cm2) were all statistically significant (femoral neck, 59%; lumbar spine, 38%; total body, 41%) and were consistently and significantly higher in mother‐daughter pairs (n = 105) as compared with mother‐son pairs (n = 186). Heritability estimates for bone mineral apparent density (BMAD; g/cm3) were marginally lower but remained statistically significant at all sites (femoral neck, 51%; lumbar spine, 32%; total body, 38%). Maternal osteopenia was associated with significant reductions in bone mass at all sites in the children (femoral neck, 0.75 SD and p < 0.0001; lumbar spine, 0.61 SD and p < 0.0001; total body, 0.43 SD and p = 0.012). Mother‐child bone areal bone density correlation coefficients and prediction of low bone mass in the child were greater (but this did not reach statistical significance) if the corresponding anatomical site in the mother was used for prediction with the exception of the total body. These data confirm that heritability of bone mass extends to prepubertal children and is gender‐ and possibly site‐specific as well as under separate genetic control to growth. Furthermore, the strength of the mother‐child association is such that bone density screening of mothers would make it possible to identify most prepubertal children at higher risk of osteoporosis in later life.
Self-Reported Ageism Across the Lifespan

The authors examined the prevalence of self-reported ageist behaviors in a lifespan sample ranging in age from 13 to 91 years. Participants completed the Relating to Older People Evaluation (Cherry & Palmore). Results indicated that adolescents and young adults reported fewer ageist behaviors overall than did middle-aged and older adults. Positive ageist behaviors were more frequent than negative ageist behaviors for people of all ages. Women endorsed positive ageism items more often than men, although men and women did not differ in frequency of negative ageist behaviors. Follow-up analyses on participants’ responses to two knowledge of aging measures, the Facts on Aging Quiz and the Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire, showed that knowledge of aging was significantly correlated with negative ageist behaviors, after controlling for age and gender. Implications of these findings for current views of ageism (positive and negative) are discussed.
Electrosprayed core–shell polymer–lipid nanoparticles for active component delivery

A key challenge in the production of multicomponent nanoparticles for healthcare applications is obtaining reproducible monodisperse nanoparticles with the minimum number of preparation steps. This paper focus on the use of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) techniques to produce core–shell polymer–lipid structures with a narrow size distribution in a single step process. These nanoparticles are composed of a hydrophilic core for active component encapsulation and a lipid shell. It was found that core–shell nanoparticles with a tunable size range between 30 and 90 nm and a narrow size distribution could be reproducibly manufactured. The results indicate that the lipid component (stearic acid) stabilizes the nanoparticles against collapse and aggregation and improves entrapment of active components, in this case vanillin, ethylmaltol and maltol. The overall structure of the nanoparticles produced was examined by multiple methods, including transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, to confirm that they were of core–shell form.
Towards the Development of Mixed MT1‐Agonist/MT2‐Antagonist Melatonin Receptor Ligands

Herein we report attempts to optimize the pharmacological properties of 5‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐N‐acetyltryptamine (5‐HEAT), a melatonin receptor ligand previously described by us. Several 5‐substituted and 2,5‐disubstituted N‐acyltryptamines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for the human cloned MT1 and MT2 receptors. From this series of N‐acyltryptamines the 2‐bromo derivative (5 c) retains the interesting efficacy profile of 5‐HEAT and shows increased melatonin receptor affinities; it represents one of the first examples of a high‐affinity MT1 agonist/MT2 antagonist. Some other full agonists for both melatonin receptors which exhibit similar or increased affinity relative to that of melatonin were obtained.
Wide-area Protection and Control System With WAMS Based

The paper introduces wide-area protection and emergency control system with the wide area measurement system. The methods for acquisition, transmission, and management of PMU data (Phasor Measurement Units), which have been applied in the engineering, are discussed at first. Then the feasibility application of WAMS data in power system is introduced on voltage stability, transient stability, local protection and SPSS (system PSS), Oscillatory and Angler stability. Some supported technologies are analyzed also.
Addressing Risk Factors for Neurocognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease Among African Americans in the Era of Health Disparities

More than any other time in the past, the world is now paying attention to the public health implications of neurological health, ranging from cognitive aging, and mild cognitive impairment to neurodegenerative conditions such Alzheimer’s disease. It is estimated that every 69 seconds someone develops AD related symptoms, and by 2050, the rate of developing this condition will be about every 33 seconds (Alzheimer's Association 2011). As a leading public interest organization, the national Alzheimer’s Association 2011 report also mentions that in 2010, 14.9 million family members and friends provided 17 billion hours of unpaid care to those with Alzheimer’s and other types of dementia, a care valued at $202.6 billion. Adverse neurocognitive functioning is now front and center of public health concerns as more than 5.4. million people are living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Within the continuum of health disparities, we are now learning that risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is 14-100% more likely for African Americans when compared to Caucasian Americans (Taylor, Sloan et al. 2004; Manly 2008; Weiner 2008). For all too many African Americans, the biopsychosocial threats to brain health and neurocognitive functioning are profoundly influenced by seen and unseen factors, ranging from inequalities in education, health, neighborhoods and communities, vocational opportunities, and access to wellness promoting resources. The cumulative effect of acute and chronic inequalities may be expressed through a differentially higher burden for brain-behavior vulnerability. Hence, identifying factors that are leading to an increased risk for adverse neurocognitive health and wellbeing is of highest priority in the black community.
Certain Site-Directed, Nonenzymatically Active Mutants of the Haemophilus influenzae P4 Lipoprotein Are Able To Elicit Bactericidal Antibodies

ABSTRACT The Haemophilus influenzae P4 lipoprotein (hel) is a potential component of a nontypeable H. influenzae otitis media vaccine. Since P4 is known to be an enzyme, nonenzymatically active forms of recombinant P4 are required. After site-directed mutagenesis of the hel gene, three of the mutated proteins were shown to be vaccine candidates.
A single episode of neonatal seizures permanently alters glutamatergic synapses

The contribution of seizures to cognitive changes remains controversial. We tested the hypothesis that a single episode of neonatal seizures (sNS) on rat postnatal day (P) 7 permanently impairs hippocampal‐dependent function in mature (P60) rats because of long‐lasting changes at the synaptic level.
Optimal dose for starting and maintaining low-dose aspirin.

ANTITHROMBOTIC properties of aspirin were first proposed 25 years ago when aspirin was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and to prolong bleeding time, 1-5 but it is only in the past 10 years that the therapeutic benefit of aspirin's antithrombotic properties has been conclusively established by randomized controlled trials. 6-14 Early studies used relatively large aspirin doses of approximately 1000 mg, but with increased understanding of the mechanism of its antithrombotic effect, lower-dose regimens were evaluated and were shown to be as effective with less gastrointestinal side effects. 7,15,16 Antithrombotic benefit from aspirin has been demonstrated with as little as 75 mg/d for unstable angina, 8 160 mg/d for acute myocardial infarction, 17 100 mg/d for aortocoronary grafts, 18,19 and probably as little as 30 mg/d for minor cerebral ischemic events. 16 The trend to use low doses of aspirin increases compliance and reduces gastrointestinal side effects but has the potential
Local statistic information-driven active contours for image segmentation

This paper presents a local statistic information-driven active contour model for image segmentation. The local intensities of each inhomogeneous object are modeled as Gaussian distributions. The means of Gaussian distributions in each local region are modeled as a bias field multiplying the piecewise constant which reflects the physical property of inhomogeneous objects. A local statistic information fitting energy functional is presented with the level set function, the bias field, the piecewise constant, and variances as variables. The proposed model is implemented by an efficient numerical schema to ensure sufficient numerical accuracy. It is validated on numerous synthetic images and real images, and the promising experimental results show its advantages in terms of robustness and accuracy.
Familial aggregation of DSM-IV alcohol use disorders: examination of the primary-secondary distinction in a general population sample.

This study examined the familial aggregation of alcoholism in subgroups of respondents classified with respect to the primary-secondary distinction as it is related to DSM-IV major depression and alcohol use disorders. Rates of alcoholism among specific first- and second-degree relatives of male and female probands with primary, secondary, and concurrent depression (i.e., the comorbid groups) and with major depression only were compared with one another and with a normal control group. The results of this general population survey that uses a large representative sample of the U.S. were at variance with some findings from the clinical literature with regard to familial aggregation. Greater rates of alcoholism were found among first- and second-degree relatives of the major depression only group compared with normal controls. Male and female probands of all three comorbid groups were not shown to convey a greater risk of alcoholism to their offspring compared with the normal control group or the major depression only group. The discrepancy between clinical research findings and those of this general population study were discussed in terms of methodological considerations.
Electronic Density-Matrix Algorithm for Nonadiabatic Couplings in Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Closed expressions for nonadiabatic couplings are derived using the collective electronic oscillators (CEO) algorithm based on the time-dependent Hartree-Fock equations. Analytic derivatives allow the calculation of transition density matrices and potential surfaces at arbitrary nuclear geometries using a molecular dynamics trajectory that only requires a CEO calculation at a single configuration. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 00: 1-14, 2001
Adalimumab significantly reduces both spinal and sacroiliac joint inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of adalimumab versus placebo in reducing spinal and sacroiliac (SI) joint inflammation, by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS This was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients (n = 82) received 40 mg adalimumab or placebo every other week during an initial 24-week double-blind period. MRIs of both the spine and SI joints were obtained at baseline, week 12, and week 52. Spinal and SI joint inflammation were measured using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI index. RESULTS The spine SPARCC score in placebo-treated patients increased by a mean of 9.4% from baseline, compared with a mean decrease of 53.6% in adalimumab-treated patients (P < 0.001); the SI joint SPARCC score decreased by a mean of 12.7% from baseline in placebo-treated patients and by 52.9% in adalimumab-treated patients (P = 0.017). The response in adalimumab-treated patients was maintained at week 52. Placebo-treated patients were switched to open-label adalimumab treatment at week 24 and experienced similar reductions in spinal and SI joint inflammation by week 52. Similar large reductions in the spine and SI joint SPARCC scores were noted, even in patients who failed to meet the ASsessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis (International Working Group) criteria (nonresponders) at 12 weeks. In adalimumab-treated patients, a reduced C-reactive protein concentration at week 12 was significantly associated with improvement in the spine SPARCC score (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Adalimumab significantly reduced both spinal and SI joint inflammation in patients with active AS after 12 weeks of treatment, and these improvements were maintained for up to 52 weeks.
A Topic Finding Method for Scientific and Technical Literature

Abstract-Scientific and technical literature is a useful resource where people can extract interesting knowledge or patterns by text mining tools. Text mining technologies have been widely used to reveal topics and the structure of topics. In this paper, the selected articles in the form of textual data are represented by the network structure at first, and then text clustering algorithm is applied to the process of the scientific and technical literature in the field of management taken from CNKI in years from 1984 to 2009 and clusters are obtained eventually. Further, the method of social network analysis is adopted to do the further analysis. The similarities of clusters of every two years are calculated to find communities and topics. It is very useful not only to find topics in management area and the relations between topics but also to achieve the literature referred to one topic in which we are interested.
Mechanism of Ba2+ block of a mouse inwardly rectifying K+ channel: differential contribution by two discrete residues

1 The block of the IRK1/Kir2.1 inwardly rectifying K+ channel by a Ba2+ ion is highly voltage dependent, where the ion binds approximately half‐way within the membrane electrical field. The mechanism by which two distinct mutations, E125N and T141A, affect Ba2+ block of Kir2.1 was investigated using heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. 2 Analysis of the blocking kinetics showed that E125 and T141 affect the entry and binding of Ba2+ to the channel, respectively. Replacing the glutamate at position 125 with an asparagine greatly decreased the rate at which the Ba2+ ions enter and leave the pore. In contrast, replacing the polar threonine at position 141 with an alanine affected the entry rate of the Ba2+ ions while leaving the exit rate unchanged. 3 Acidification of the extracellular solution slowed the exit rate of the Ba2+ from the wild‐type channel, but had no such effect on the Kir2.1(E125N) mutant. 4 These results thus reveal two unique roles for the amino acids at positions 125 and 141 in aiding the interaction of Ba2+ with the channel. Their possible roles in K+ permeation are discussed.
Aerosol delivery to wheezy infants: A comparison between a nebulizer and two small volume spacers

Inhalation therapy for wheezy infants with either a nebulizer or a pressurized metered‐dose inhaler (pMDI) through a spacer is common practice. The aim of our study was to compare aerosol delivery to wheezy infants from a nebulizer and from a pMDI via two small volume spacers. Twenty wheezy infants (aged 4–12 months) were recruited. They inhaled salbutamol from a Pari‐Baby® nebulizer, from a detergent‐coated Babyhaler®, and from a Nebuchamber® in random order. A filter was placed between the inhalation systems and the patients. The amount of salbutamol deposited on the filter was measured using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and was expressed as a percentage of the total nebulized or actuated doses. The mean total nebulized dose for the Pari‐Baby® (1030 μg) was higher (P < 0.001) than the mean actuated dove from a pMDI for the Babyhaler® (374 μg) and for the Nebuchamber® (378 μg). Mean drug deposition on the filter was 40.2% (150 μg) of the total actuated dose for the detergent‐coated Babyhaler® and 40.7% (154 μg) of the total actuated dose for the Nebuchamber®. There was no significant difference in drug deposition on the filter between the two spacers. Mean drug deposition on the filter was 25.3% (260 μg) of the total nebulized dose for the Pari‐Baby® nebulizer. There was no weight dependence in drug deposition on the filter for the two spacers, but, drug deposition increased with the subject's weight for the nebulizer. We have shown that aerosol delivery to wheezy infants from a pMDI through small volume spacers is effective and that a higher percentage of the total amount of salbutamol is delivered than from a nebulizer. The weight dependence in drug deposition for the nebulizer can be of clinical relevance. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1997; 23:212–216 © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling nest-survival data : Recent improvements and future directions

Studies of nesting birds commonly seek to estimate nest success and to evaluate relationships between nest-survival rates and hypothesized influential factors. Recently, a number of advances have been made with regard to the analysis of nest-survival data, and improved methods now exist for relaxing assumptions and accounting for potentially important sources of variation in nest-survival data. Methods have been developed that allow diverse covariates of nest-survival rate to be incorporated into analyses of either discrete survival data or failure times. Analysis of binomial data for nest fates over discrete periods has dominated the nest-survival literature and been the subject of many recent advances that extend possible analyses beyond that of the Mayfield method. Recent papers that describe the use of generalized linear mixed models to incorporate covariate effects on nest survival, including some examples that employed a random-effects framework, illustrate the benefits that can be gained from using such models when they are appropriate. Noteworthy examples of the use of analysis of failure times also exist and illustrate the key elements of this type of analysis, which can accommodate censoring, heterogeneity in survival, staggered entry of subjects into the study, and continuous and categorical covariates of survival times. The new analytical approaches should allow avian ecologists to evaluate a broad variety of competing models. By using the various methods interchangeably, future analyses should provide new insights into the nesting ecology of birds.
A Fuzzy Petri Net Tool For Modeling and Verification of Knowledge-Based Systems

A new method for automated modeling and verification of the knowledge-based systems (KBSs) is presented. It is based on a formal technique called modified fuzzy Petri nets (MFPNs). MFPNs combine the basic aspects of Petri net theory and the basic features of fuzzy set theory. The MFPN modeling technique proposed in this paper is concerned with the fuzzy decision making problems of the fuzzy rule tree structures. The proposed method is illustrated by its application to the airport control system as a practical KBS. Modeling methodology for conversion of the KBS into a MFPN model permits us to develop an effective MFPN verification technique. This technique has the capability of detecting and recovering the possible errors that can occur within the fuzzy rules of KBSs. The modeling and verification techniques we develop are quite general and can be applied to most practical fuzzy systems.
A Cross-Cultural Look at the Relationship between Age and Innovative Behavior

This study investigates the relationship of age to innovativeness when the effects of opportunity have been controlled. Data were obtained from the Basic Village Education Project. The analysis was conducted on two groups of farmers, the Spanish-speaking Ladino population found in Eastern Guatemala and the Quiche-speaking Mayan population found in the mountains of Western Guatemala. Each group was subdivided into young, middle age and old categories. Innovativeness was defined as the level of agricultural technology utilized by individual farmers at the end of the BVE-project period. A separate analysis was conducted for each culture and findings for both indicate that younger farmers were more likely than their older counterparts to adopt new agricultural practices when economic opportunity is controlled. These findings are of three fold importance: they indicate the importance of economic constraints to innovation; they contain implications for policies concerning target development programs, and they contain a warning about ethnocentric hypotheses in research related to “underdeveloped” countries.
Parents' Assessments of How Much Time They Spend with Their Children at Different Ages

The self-reported amount of active engagement time parents (n = 1107) and children (n = 773) spend together was investigated with questionnaires. Mothers spent more time with their children than fathers did. The amount of parental quality time decreased with the age of the child, the average across age groups being 4.4 ± 3.0 hr. for mothers and 3.0 ± 2.9 hr. for fathers per day. Children reported spending roughly 1 hour more time with their parents than the latter reported.
HYPOXAEMIA AND CARDIORESPIRATORY CHANGES DURING EPILEPTIC SEIZURES IN YOUNG CHILDREN

In order to measure epileptic seizure(ES)‐induced hypoxaemia and explore its relation to other physiological changes, 53 seizures were documented in 10 children (aged 1 week to 5 years) during continuous recordings of breathing, ECG, oxygenation and EEG. Hypoxaemia was demonstrated in 42 ESs with an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO:) below baseline for a median duration of 100s and <60% for 17s, despite resuscitation. There were pauses in breathing movements in 45 seizures, but only 35 of these were hypoxaemic; pauses of comparable severity occurred in the 10 seizures without hypoxaemia. In seven seizures there was hypoxaemia without pauses in breathing movements, although continued nasal airflow was not demonstrable. Sinus tachycardia occurred in 35 seizures and T‐wave changes in 20, but no sinister arrhythmias were observed.