Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Stabilizer Quantum Codes Using Pauli Block Matrices

Based on the fast block transform of Pauli matrices, we show how Pauli block matrix can simplify the coding theory of quantum error-correction. These SQCs are generated from some abelian subgroups of Pauli group that are composed of different rows of the yielded Pauli block matrix, and hence have advantages of being fast constructed with asymptotically good behaviors.
Settling of heated inertial particles through homogeneous turbulence

Particle-laden flows in which the dispersed phase is not isothermal with the continuous phase are common in a wealth of natural and industrial settings. In this study we consider the case of inertial particles heated by thermal radiation while settling through a turbulent transparent gas. Numerical simulations of forced turbulence are performed in which the two-way coupling between dispersed and continuous phase is taken into account. The momentum and energy equations are solved in a triply periodic domain with the point particle model. Solid particles of different densities and much smaller than the smallest flow scales are considered. We consider dilute and optically thin regimes in which each particle receives the same heat flux. The particle Stokes number (based on the Kolmogorov time scale) is of order unity, which causes strong preferential concentration. The nominal settling velocity is of the same order as the Kolmogorov velocity for the lighter particles, but an order of magnitude larger for the heavier particles. Even though the volume fraction is relatively low, the mass loading is sufficiently large for the particle phase to affect the turbulence even in the absence of radiation. Specifically, it is found that non-heated particles enhance turbulence when their settling velocity is sufficiently high. When heated, particles shed plumes of buoyant gas, further modifying the turbulence structure and increasing velocity fluctuations in the vertical direction. For the lighter particles, this also causes a substantial reduction of the mean settling velocity. The radiative forcing does not affect preferential concentration, but eliminates preferential sweeping: the heated particles do not sample regions of downward fluid motion.
Parotid haemangiomas in childhood: a case for MRI

Abstract Seven infants with unilateral parotid haemangiomas seen at one centre are presented. Their case notes and special investigations are reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is revealed as the investigation of choice because of picture quality, definition of soft tissues and lack of exposure to ionizing radiation. MRI allows a definite diagnosis to be made without any invasive procedure being required. A future study following up these infants may be of interest because of controversy regarding the spontaneous resolution of these lesions.
Capacitor divider voltage monitoring by using Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

Recent concepts of modular multilevel converters (M2LC) require voltage balancing of capacitors and an on-line voltage monitoring circuit connected to Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board is represented by this article. Recitation of paper includes a schematic of the circuit with characteristics of it and algorithm of program for FPGA board.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE SAFETY PROFILE OF BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN IN SPINE SURGERY

WE REVIEW OUR current understanding of the development and potential clinical applications of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in spine surgery. We also review the evidence for adverse events associated with the use of BMP and suggest potential reasons for these events and means of complication avoidance. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for anterior lumbar interbody fusion; rhBMP-7, on the other hand, is approved for long bone defects and has received a humanitarian device exemption for revision posterolateral lumbar operations and recalcitrant long bone unions. Nevertheless, “off-label” use in various spinal procedures has been reported and is increasing in frequency. Specific guidelines for rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 use are lacking because of the limited availability of randomized controlled clinical trials and its diverse use in many spinal applications. Mechanisms of delivery, carrier type, graft position, surgical location, and variations in BMP concentration may differ from one surgery to the next. Adverse events linked to either rhBMP-2 or rhBMP-7 use include ectopic bone formation, bone resorption or remodeling at the graft site, hematoma, neck swelling, and painful seroma. Other potential theoretical concerns include carcinogenicity and teratogenic effects. In this review, we provide the reader with a historical perspective on BMP, current and past research to support its use in spinal procedures, and a critical analysis of the complications reported thus far.
ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO MECÂNICO A QUENTE DO AÇO INOXIDÁVEL SUPER DUPLEX UNS S32760 ATRAVÉS DE MAPAS DE PROCESSAMENTO

A necessidade de materiais com maior resistencia mecânica e a corrosao em ambientes corrosivos, como na extracao de petroleo em meios salinos, na industria de papel e vasos de pressao, tem conduzido a utilizacao de acos inoxidaveis Super Duplex. A fabricacao desses materiais envolve a etapa de processamento a quente, cujo desempenho depende da trabalhabilidade a quente do material. Neste trabalho investigam-se as condicoes de processamento em que aco inoxidavel super duplex UNS S32760 pode ser trabalhado e a zona de trabalho em que o material pode falhar. A simulacao fisica foi realizada por meio de ensaio de torcao a quente. Os ensaios foram realizados com temperaturas variando de 900°C a 1200°C e taxas de deformacao de 0,01s-1 a 10s-1. Foi determinada a evolucao da sensibilidade da tensao com a taxa de deformacao(m) nas temperaturas investigadas em deformacoes de 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 e 1.0. De posse dos valores de m para cada condicao de deformacao, foram calculados os valores da eficiencia da dissipacao de potencia (ῃ) e aplicando um criterio de instabilidade (ξ) construido mapas de processamento. Com esses mapas, os efeitos das condicoes de deformacao na eficiencia de dissipacao de potencia e na instabilidade plastica do material sao discutidos. Foram relacionados os dominios dos mapas de processamento com as microestruturas observadas e aspectos das curvas de escoamento plastico.
Cytokines in de obsessief compulsieve stoornis en in anorexia nervosa: een overzicht

Summary The alterations in the inflammatory response system (IRS) appear to be quite different between OCD and anorexia nervosa and are also different from the changes observed in major depression. In anorexia nervosa, there is some evidence for increased production of monocytic cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decreased production of Th-1 like cytokines, i.e. IL-2 and IFNγ. In the same patients there are also signs of immunosuppression, e.g. lowered numbers of CD4 and CD8 T cells and increased production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ). The increased production of monocytic cytokines may be the consequence of the hyponutritional status of those patients. The diminished production of the Th-1 like cytokines may be the consequence of at least four different factors: 1) the deficiency in nutritional factors; 2) neuroendocrine disorders, such as increased Cortisol production; 3) the increased TGFβ production; and 4) lower serum dipeptidyl peptidase activity. In OCD no consistent or specific alterations in the IRS are observed. There is no evidence that IRS activation may play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD and anorexia nervosa.
Herramientas de análisis dinámico de vulnerabilidades en aplicaciones web

Es habitual el uso de escaneres de vulnerabilidades para examinar la seguridad de aplicaciones web y en la literatura existen muchos trabajos que comparan las capacidades de deteccion de estas herramientas. Estos trabajos analizan aplicaciones web vulnerables con herramientas de analisis dinamico y luego comparan los informes resultantes. De esta comparacion y posterior analisis, clasifican las herramientas de acuerdo al numero de vulnerabilidades que detectan. En este trabajo, a diferencia de otras investigaciones, se pretende ir mas alla y con el uso de un modelo de pruebas distinto al usado tradicionalmente, verificar las vulnerabilidades que detectan las herramientas, las pruebas que ejecutan y las vulnerabilidades que busca, de aquellas que realmente estan presentes en la aplicacion web analizada. A traves de esto, se puede saber si las pruebas realizadas son eficientes y conocer dos aspectos relevantes sobre las herramientas de analisis dinamico de vulnerabilidades en aplicaciones Web: Que pruebas no realizan las herramientas aunque estan capacitadas para ello y que pruebas realizan pero no reportan vulnerabilidades que realmente tienen las aplicaciones. Se modifico el modelo de pruebas utilizado en muchos trabajos anteriores colocando un IDS en medio de las herramientas de deteccion y las aplicaciones web vulnerables. De toda esta informacion recogida se comprobo que algunas de las herramientas no buscan vulnerabilidades conocidas y documentadas que se encuentran en las aplicaciones web analizadas, a pesar de que la herramienta tiene la capacidad de deteccion, y en otros casos, se realizan pruebas para detectar vulnerabilidades que realmente existen en las aplicaciones web analizadas pero que finalmente no se informa de su existencia.
Role of OCT in the Diagnosis and Management of Macular Edema from Uveitis

Uveitis is a potentially visually threatening disease accounting for 10% of vision loss in the developed world.1 The most common cause of vision loss in patients with uveitis has been shown to be macular edema (ME). 1 The early detection and management of ME is critical to preserve vision in these patients. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a valuable tool in the management of many ocular diseases. The use of OCT has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of macular edema from a wide variety of ophthalmological diseases, including uveitis.2 In this review, we evaluate the role of OCT in the diagnosis and management of uveitic macular edema.
Eliminating ground-state dipole moments in quantum optics via canonical transformation

By means of a canonical transformation it is shown how it is possible to recast the equations for molecular nonlinear optics to completely eliminate ground-state static dipole coupling terms. Such dipoles can certainly play a highly important role in nonlinear optical responsei? ½but equations derived by standard methods, in which these dipoles emerge only as special cases of transition moments, prove unnecessarily complex. It has been shown that the elimination of ground-state static dipoles in favor of dipole shifts results in a considerable simplification in form of the nonlinear optical susceptibilities. In a fully quantum theoretical treatment the validity of such a procedure has previously been verified using an expedient algorithm, whose defense was afforded only by a highly intricate proof. In this paper it is shown how a canonical transformation method entirely circumvents such an approach; it also affords insights into the formulation of quantum field interactions.
[Adipokines, body composition and bone mineral density in underweight children].

UNLABELLED One of the important factors affecting bone health is body weight. Underweight children are predisposed to disturbances in bone metabolism, which may result in osteopenia and osteoporosis in later life. AIM The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between adipokines, bone metabolism, and anthropometric parameters in underweight prepubertal children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 60 children aged 5-10 years. Among them, there were: 30 underweight children (BMI z-score ≤-1) and 30 normal-weight children (BMI z-score <-1 + 1 >). Body composition (fat mass, lean body mass, bone mass) and bone mineral density examination were performed by densitometry. Serum concentrations of bone metabolism markers and adipokines were determined by immunoenzymatic methods. RESULTS In underweight children we observed significantly lower fat mass (p<0.0001), lean mass (p<0.001), bone mineral content (p<0.01) and bone mineral density both the total body (p<0.01) as well as lumbar spine L2-L4 (p<0.05) compared with normal-weight children. In the group of underweight children, serum concentration of bone resorption marker (CTX) was significantly higher than in normal-weight children (2.006±0.649 vs. 1.624±0.492 ng/ml, p<0.05), with no differences in the concentrations of osteocalcin and sclerostin between studied groups. The ratio of adipokines (leptin/adiponectin) was approximately 2-fold lower in underweight than in normal-weight subjects. In underweight children we observed positive correlations between concentrations of sclerostin and bone turnover markers (OC, CTX) and between adiponectin and CTX. However, there was no correlation between fat mass and leptin concentration in this group of children. CONCLUSIONS Low body weight in prepubertal period is related with an alteration in the adipokines profile and bone metabolism markers, resulting in a decrease in bone mineral density.
Alloplastic materials for orbital surgery

&NA; Alloplastic materials are used as an adjunct to many types of ophthalmic surgery. This article reviews recent advancements in the use of alloplastic materials for orbital surgery, with emphasis on anophthalmic socket and bony orbital reconstruction. Several new porous materials and resorbable implants offer exciting prospects in the management of anophthalmos and orbital fractures.
Differential Degradation of Amyloid β Genetic Variants Associated with Hereditary Dementia or Stroke by Insulin-degrading Enzyme*

Inherited amino acid substitutions at position 21, 22, or 23 of amyloid β (Aβ) lead to presenile dementia or stroke. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) can hydrolyze Aβ wild type, yet whether IDE is capable of degrading Aβ bearing pathogenic substitutions is not known. We studied the degradation of all of the published Aβ genetic variants by recombinant rat IDE (rIDE). Monomeric Aβ wild type, Flemish (A21G), Italian (E22K), and Iowa (D23N) variants were readily degraded by rIDE with a similar efficiency. However, proteolysis of Aβ Dutch (E22Q) and Arctic (E22G) was significantly lower as compared with Aβ wild type and the rest of the mutant peptides. In the case of Aβ Dutch, inefficient proteolysis was related to a high content of β structure as assessed by circular dichroism. All of the Aβ variants were cleaved at Glu3-Phe4 and Phe4-Arg5 in addition to the previously described major sites within positions 13–15 and 18–21. SDS-stable Aβ dimers were highly resistant to proteolysis by rIDE regardless of the variant, suggesting that IDE recognizes a conformation that is available for interaction only in monomeric Aβ. These results raise the possibility that upregulation of IDE may promote the clearance of soluble Aβ in hereditary forms of Aβ diseases.
POSTACTIVATION POTENTIATION IN PROFESSIONAL RUGBY PLAYERS: OPTIMAL RECOVERY

Following a bout of high-intensity exercise of short duration (preload stimulus), the muscle is in both a fatigued and a potentiated (referred to as postactivation potentiation) state. Consequently, subsequent muscle performance depends on the balance between these 2 factors. To date, there is no uniform agreement about the optimal recovery required between the pre- load stimulus and subsequent muscle performance to gain optimal performance benefits. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal recovery time required to observe enhanced muscle performance following the preload stimulus. Twenty-three professional rugby players (13 senior international players) performed 7 countermovement jumps (CMJs) and 7 ballistic bench throws at the following time points after a preload stimulus (3 repetition maximum [3RM]): baseline, ∼15 seconds, and 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 minutes. Their peak power output (PPO) was determined at each time point. Statistical analyses revealed a significant decrease in PPO for both the upper (856 ± 121 W vs. 816 ± 121 W, p ≤ 0.001) and the lower (4,568 ± 509 W vs. 4,430 ± 495 W, p = 0.005) body when the explosive activity was performed =15 seconds after the preload stimulus. However, when 12 minutes was allowed between the preload stimulus and the CMJ and ballistic bench throws, PPO was increased by 8.0 ± 8.0% and 5.3 ± 4.5%, respectively. Based on the above results, we conclude that muscle performance (e.g., power) can be significantly enhanced following a bout of heavy exercise (preload stimulus) in both the upper and the lower body, provided that adequate recovery (8–12 minutes) is given between the preload stimulus and the explosive activity.
Peripheral Color Vision and Motion Processing

A demonstration of the vividness of peripheral color vision is provided by arrays of multicolored disks scaled with eccentricity. These demonstrations are designed to correct the widespread misconception that peripheral color vision is weak or non-existent. In fact, both small and large disks of color scaled with eccentricity demonstrate that color perception is just as strong in throughout the periphery as in the fovea, under appropriate viewing conditions. Moreover, further demonstrations with cone-isolating motion stimuli indicate that motion perception is undiminished with rod activation silenced by the choice of colors with equal activation strengths for the rod spectral
Brain-Computer Interface in Stroke: A Review of Progress

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has been used for rehabilitation after stroke and there are a number of reports involving stroke patients in BCI-feedback training. Most publications have demonstrated the efficacy of BCI technology in post-stroke rehabilitation using output devices such as Functional Electrical Stimulation, robot, and orthosis. The aim of this review is to focus on the progress of BCI-based rehabilitation strategies and to underline future challenges. A brief history of clinical BCI-approaches is presented focusing on stroke motor rehabilitation. A context for three approaches of a BCI-based motor rehabilitation program is outlined: the substitutive strategy, classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Furthermore, we include an overview of a pilot study concerning a new neuro-forcefeedback strategy. This pilot study involved healthy participants. Finally we address some challenges for future BCI-based rehabilitation.
DATA-DRIVEN MODELING OF DEPENDENCIES AMONG INFLUENCING FACTORS IN HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTIONS

Human performance is currently represented in most Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) models by a set of Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs). The majority of HRA methods have proposed relationships that produce human error probabilities based on the state of these PSFs. What current HRA methods are lacking is a model for human performance that includes dependencies between PSFs based on human performance data. Using data from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Human Events Repository and Analysis (HERA) database and applying iterative principal factor analysis and polychoric correlation, we have developed a methodology to obtain preliminary groupings of PSFs that lead to human errors in specific types of tasks. The goal is to obtain a greater understanding of how PSFs are interrelated and to determine if certain groups of PSFs can be causally linked to certain types of failures. The final product will be a data-driven methodology to estimate the relationship between PSFs and human error probabilities in nuclear power plants. The methodology will consider systematic dependence between the PSFs and will use Bayesian techniques to integrate different types of data. Application of Bayesian Factor Analysis (BFA) will allow us to fill in gaps in the data and incorporate data types that cannot be used in principal factor analysis. This will enable us to make the best use of the limited amount of data we have available in HRA. This paper will cover how we have used the data from HERA and will offer preliminary results based on the data currently available. It will also offer a systematic way to define the interrelationships between PSFs in different aspect of human-machine interaction.
PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Define Different Subsets of MAPK Inhibitor–Treated Melanoma Patients

Purpose: To evaluate the expression of tumor PD-L1 and changes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) populations in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with targeted MAPK inhibitors. Experimental Design: Ninety-three tumors were analyzed from 40 patients treated with a BRAF inhibitor alone (BRAFi; n = 28) or combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (Combi; n = 12). Tumors were excised before treatment (PRE), early during treatment (EDT), and at progression (PROG). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CD4, CD8, CD68, FOXP3, LAG3, PD-1, and PD-L1 and correlated with clinical outcome. Results: Patients' tumors that were PD-L1 positive at baseline showed a significant decrease in PD-L1 expression at PROG (P = 0.028), whereas patients' tumors that were PD-L1 negative at baseline showed a significant increase in PD-L1 expression at PROG (P = 0.008) irrespective of treatment with BRAFi or Combi. Overall PD-L1 expression highly correlated with TIL immune markers. BRAFi-treated patients showed significant increases in CD4+, CD8+, and PD-1+ lymphocytes from PRE to EDT (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.017, respectively), and Combi-treated patients showed similar increases in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from PRE to EDT (P = 0.017, P = 0.021). Conclusions: The addition of MEKi to BRAFi did not result in significant reduction in immune infiltration in EDT biopsies. This provides support for conducting trials that combine MAPKi with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the hope of improving complete and durable response rates. PD-L1 expression at PROG on MAPK inhibitors varied according to baseline expression suggesting that combining MAPKi with immunotherapies concurrently may be more effective in patients with PD-L1 expression and TILs in baseline melanoma samples. Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3140–8. ©2015 AACR. See related commentary by Cooper et al., p. 3102
Structure Elucidation and Antioxidant Activity of the Phenolic Compounds from Rhynchosia suaveolens

A new benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzophenone (1), together with a known C-glycosylxanthone, mangiferin (2) and two known C-glycosylflavones, isovitexin (3) and isoorientin (4), were isolated from the flowers of Rhynchosia suaveolens DC. (Fabaceae). The structure of the new compound (1) and the known compounds (2-4) were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral studies. The plant extracts, as well as the isolated compounds, were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Among the isolated compounds, mangiferin (2) and isoorientin (4) showed significant radical scavenging activity comparable with that of ascorbic acid.