Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A mushroom-derived amino acid, ergothioneine, is a potential inhibitor of inflammation-related DNA halogenation

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-generated halogenating molecules, such as hypochlorous acid and hypobromous acid (HOBr), in inflammatory regions are postulated to contribute to disease progression. In this study, we showed that ergothioneine (EGT), derived from an edible mushroom, inhibited MPO activity as well as the formation of 8-bromo-2′-deoxyguanosine in vitro. The HOBr scavenging effect of EGT is higher than those of ascorbic acid and glutathione. We initially observed that the administration of Coprinus comatus, an edible mushroom containing a high amount of EGT, inhibited the UV-B-induced inflammatory responses and DNA halogenation, suggesting that EGT is a promising anti-inflammatory agent from mushrooms. Graphical abstract The ergothioneine-rich Coprinus extract inhibited both MPO activity and HOBr-induced DNA damage in addition to inhibition of UV-B-induced inflammatory responses.
Systèmes vocaliques : de la typologie aux prédictions

Les inventaires de descriptions phonologiques des langues du monde augmentent constamment. Ces materiaux offrent la possibilite de proposer de nouvelles typologies, de tester des hypotheses et de contribuer a la discussion des modeles qui predisent le contenu des systems. Une typologie des systemes vocaliques est etablie avec upsid (maddiseson, 1986), banque de donnees phnologiques de 317 langues. La totalite des donnees a permis de postuler, nuancer ou confirmer des tendances universelles dans la frequence des voyelles et des systemes et d'observer des regularites et une hierarchie dans l'organisation des voyelles. Avec un modele articulatoire, sont elabores les prototypes articulatoires et acoustiques des 33 voyelles universelles avec lesquelles sont decrites lan langues d'upsid. Ces "standard" fournissent le materiau de base pour l'interpretation articulatoire, acoustique et perceptive des universaux et permettent ainsi leur prediction. Avec l'hypothese que si un systeme donne est frequent dans les langues du monde c'est qu'il est acoustiquement stable, la stabilite des systemes vocaliques les plus frequents a ete mise a l'epreuve avec le modele tdf de prediction dans l'espace f1 f2 f3. Ce modele integre le principe de la dispersion et un critere de focalisation avec une ponderation du second formant effectif. La plupart des systemes testes (de 3 a 9 voyelles) sont simules, precisement en ameliorant les resultats de lindblom (1986) sur la "proliferation" irreelle des voyelles interieures fermees et la prediction de y des 7 voyelles. Tdf predit ainsi la stabilite de 64% des systemes testes (60% d'upsid). Les cas d'instabilite observes sont des systemes avec voyelle centrale sans voyelle centrale fermee ou avec 9 voyelles peripheriques.
Genetic aspects of familial amyloidosis with corneal lattice dystrophy and cranial neuropathy

A genetic analysis of familial systemic amyloidosis with lattice corneal dystrophy, facial paresis and nephropathy has been made. The 228 sibships which were at risk of the disease contained 851 sibs who were subdivided as follows: 207 affected, 134 normal, 158 not examined, 138 not diagnosed because they were too young, and 214 dead sibs.
Effect of Sulfide Inhibition and Organic Shock Loading on Anaerobic Biofilm Reactors Treating a Low‐Temperature, High‐Sulfate Wastewater

To assess the long‐term treatment of sulfate‐ and carbon‐rich wastewater at low temperatures, anaerobic biofilm reactors were operated for over 900 days at 20°C and fed wastewater containing lactate and sulfate. Results showed the reactors could be operated at 20°C with a load rate of 1.3 g‐chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L · d or less and a sulfur loading rate (SLR) of 0.2 g‐S/L · d, with no significant deterioration in performance. With acclimation periods, load rates of 3.4 g‐COD/L · d and SLR of 0.3 g/L · d could be tolerated. Effluent dissolved sulfide and hydrogen sulfide levels were approximately 600 and 150 mg‐S/L, respectively, during this period. The effect of organic shock loading was also assessed. Reactors appeared to recover from one, but not two, lactate spikes of approximately 5000 mg‐COD/L. Long‐term stability was achieved in reactors containing large, stable populations of lactate‐ and propionate‐degrading sulfate‐reducing bacteria and aceticlastic methanogens.
An improved transmit antenna selection criterion for V-BLAST system

Based on sub-optimal sorting and QR decomposition, we propose a transmit antenna selection criterion that is applicable for V-BLAST systems with ordered successive interference cancellation detection. Unlike most of the existing works, this criterion takes into account the impacts of ordering and cancellation. Simulations show that the proposed strategy achieves near-optimal outage capacity and outperforms several existing schemes in performance with reasonable complexity
The Study of Immunological And Cytogenetic Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol

This study has been designed to investigate the toxicity effects of polyvinyl alcohol at different concentrations on peripheral blood lymphocytes by measuring each of blastogenic index, mitotic index and chromosomal aberration in addition to the polymorph nuclear leukocytes activity through determine both of the phagocytosis percent and phagocytosis index . The results show that PVA have no toxic effects at the concentrations 0.1,1,10,100,250 µg/ml because the cytogenetic parameters undergo not significantly raised (at P < 0.05) and phagocytosis percent and phagocytosis index have been increased significantly (at P ≤ 0.05). The immune response has been found to be significantly too (P ≤ 0.05) in the presence of PVA with Candida albicans antigen as adjuvant via increasing the foot pad swelling in the immunized mice with 50 µg/ml of C.albicans antigen.
Left ventricular volume in aortic stenosis measured by an angiocardiographic and a thermodilution method.

The action of the left ventricle is impaired in aortic stenosis to a variable degree, and since the extent of myocardial damage will influence the management and prognosis in the individual patient, some way of determining myocardial function is required. For a full assessment of left ventricular performance it is necessary to measure the changes in both volume and pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. Pressure measurements are easily obtained by left heart catheterization, but provide an incomplete picture if the left ventricular volume is not known. The heart size on the chest radiograph is often used in the estimation of left ventricular volume in aortic stenosis, but a more precise measurement is desirable. The two presently available methods of volume determination involve measurement of the angiocardiogram taken in two planes, or the injection of cold saline into the left ventricle and the recording of the beat by beat temperature change in the ascending aorta. These methods are subject to different technical difficulties, and, as neither has received wide acceptance as providing an accurate estimate of left ventricular volume, we have included both in our routine preoperative assessment of patients with aortic stenosis. In this report we give the results of volume measurements in aortic stenosis, compare the angiocardiographic with the thermodilution technique, and show the poor relation between these measurements and the size of the heart in the conventional radiograph.
Adrenal arteriography and venography in primary aldosteronism.

Twenty patients with primary aldosteronism were studied by adrenal arteriography, venography, and adrenal vein aldosterone assay. Selective arteriography was successfully performed in 78% of the patients, correctly diagnosing the lesion in 60%. Selective venography was accomplished bilaterally in all but one patient; however, 3 adrenal ruptures occurred during the procedure. Adrenal vein assay, the best single method, was 85% accurate, but 2 tumors easily visible at angiography were missed by this routine. The authors recommend the use of a combination of these 3 techniques, which gave 95% accuracy in localizing aldosteronomas.
Stimulation of fetal hemoglobin synthesis by erythropoietin in baboons.

Stimulating the production of fetal hemoglobin may benefit patients with sickle cell anemia by inhibiting sickling. We gave pulsed treatments with high doses of recombinant human erythropoietin to baboons in order to test the hypothesis that the resultant rapid erythroid regeneration would stimulate F cells--i.e., cells that contain fetal hemoglobin. In normal animals, this treatment caused sharp increments in F-reticulocyte levels, which rose from 1 to 2 percent before treatment to 40 to 50 percent afterward. In two animals with chronic anemia and high levels of endogenous erythropoietin, recombinant human erythropoietin induced further increments in F-reticulocyte levels, which rose in one animal from 6 to 8 percent before treatment to 23 percent after treatment, and in the other from 20 percent before to 50 percent afterward. The time course of F-reticulocyte stimulation suggested that these cells were the products of mobilized early erythroid progenitors. These results raise the possibility that pulses of erythropoietin could be used to stimulate F-cell formation in patients with sickle cell disease.
Preemption, Tort Reform, and Pharmaceutical Claims, Part Two: Has the Food and Drug Administration Shown It Is Solely Responsible for the Protection of Patients? Can It Do So? Will It Do So?

There should be no question that adverse drug events are a significant issue. A recent report indicated that in 2005 there were 89,842 serious adverse drug-related events (1), and 15,107 of these adverse events were deaths (1). In 2002, adverse drug events were associated with more than 3 million hospital admissions and increased the US hospitalization bill by $17 billion (2). Non–hospitalization-related medication injuries cost $76.6 billion (2). Data show that 3% to 4% of medications are withdrawn for safety reasons (3). With facts such as these, it should be no surprise that adverse drug events are the most common iatrogenic cause of patient injury (4). Traditionally, patients have been able to pursue legal action if they were harmed by a medication side effect about which they were not adequately warned (5). In such circumstances, patients have been able to pursue a “failure-to-warn” claim against the medication's manufacturer and/or the health care provider who prescribed the medication. The pharmaceutical industry is currently pushing an agenda to essentially eliminate the ability of individuals to pursue fail-ure-to-warn claims against manufacturers, regardless of the adequacy of the warning provided. Despite the existence of serious questions about the integrity of industry raised by misconduct involving the medications Ketek, Neurontin, Paxil, OxyContin, Trasylol, Vioxx, and Zyprexa, industry asserts with a straight face that because it is regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), federal law should bar an individual's ability to bring a failure-to-warn claim. The concern is that some courts have begun to buy this argument. Industry's argument is based on its contention that Congress intended the FDA to be solely responsible for policing and punishing manufacturer misconduct in the context of medication promotion, safety, and warnings. Recentjudicial opinions have raised the very real possibility that pharmaceutical manufacturers may now be immune from failure-to-warn lawsuits in many states. If the dominoes continue to fall, the American public will be prevented from pursuit of failure-to-warn claims against a manufacturer or will be allowed to pursue such claims only when and if the FDA has expressly determined that a manufacturer acted fraudulently.
Gene organisation determines evolution of function in the chicken MHC

Summary: Some years ago, we used our data for class I genes, proteins and peptide‐binding specificities to develop the hypothesis that the chicken B‐F/B‐L region represents a “minimal essential MHC”, In this view, the B locus contains the classical (highly expressed and polymorphic) class I α and class II β multigene families, which are reduced to one or two members, with many other genes moved away or deleted from the chicken genome altogether. We found that a single dominantly expressed class I gene determines the immune response to certain infectious pathogens, due to peptide‐binding specificity and cell‐surface expression level. This stands in stark contrast to well‐studied mammals like humans and mice, in which every haplotype is more‐or‐less responsive to every pathogen and vaccine, presumably due to the multigene family of MHC molecules present. In order to approach the basis for a single dominantly expressed class I molecule, we have sequenced a portion of the B complex and examined the location and polymorphism of the class I (B‐F)α, TAP and class II (B‐L) β genes. The region is remarkably compact and simple, with many of the genes expected from the MHC of mammals absent, including LMP, class II α and DO genes as well as most class III region genes. However, unexpected genes were present, including tapasin and putative natural killer receptor genes. The region is also organised differently from mammals, with the TAPs in between the class I genes, the tapasin gene in between the class II (B‐L) β genes, and the C4 gene outside of the class I α and class II β genes. The close proximity of TAP and class I α genes leads to the possibility of co‐evolution, which can drive the use of a single dominantly expressed class I molecule with peptide‐binding specificity like the TAP molecule. There is also a single dominantly expressed class II β gene, but the reason for this is not yet clear. Finally, the presence of the C4 gene outside of the classical class I α and class II β genes suggests the possibility that this organisation was ancestral, although a number of models of organization and evolution are still possible, given the presence of the Rfp‐γ region with non‐classical class I α and class II β genes as well as the presence of multigene families of B‐G and rRNA genes.
Editorial: Progress in Episodic Memory Research

Episodic memory refers to the ability to mentally time travel into the past and to remember personal experiences in terms of what happened and where and when it happened and to be autonoetically aware of it (Tulving, 2002). Humans (and perhaps also animals) are able to remember the specific perceptions, emotions and thoughts they had during a particular experience. This highly sophisticated and unique memory system is extremely sensitive to cerebral aging, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Episodic memory, as the sum of our experiences, is the supporting pillar of our identity and reminds us about our preferences and aversions, our strengths and weaknesses and helps us to anticipate how we will think, feel and behave in the future. Therefore, episodic memories are extremely useful for solving problems in the present and to plan for the future (Breeden et al., 2016). The field of episodic memory research is a continuously expanding and fascinating area that unites a broad spectrum of scientists who represent a variety of research disciplines including neuroscience, behavioral genetics, medicine, neuropharmacology, psychology and philosophy. Nevertheless, important questions still remain to be addressed. This research topic on the Progress in Episodic Memory Research covers past, current and future directions in research dedicated to the neurobiology, neuropathology, development, measurement and rehabilitation of episodic memory. A total of 171 high-rank international scientists have contributed to a compilation of 43 articles. Among these 43 articles the reader will find (already well cited) original research (Alston et al.; Bai et al.; Barbosa et al.; Baumann et al.; Chen et al.; Coman et al.; Dalton et al.; Denkova et al.; Denkova et al.; Guillery-Girard et al.; Habermas and Diel; Henke et al.; Kanatsou et al.; Kinugawa et al.; Meyer et al.; Mulder et al.; Rauchs et al.; Reber et al.; Risius et al.; Shafer and Dolcos; Sperduti et al.; Staniloiu et al.; Todd et al.; Xiu et al.), opinion (Szpunar et al.) and review articles (Brod et al.; Friedman; Griffin and Hallock; Irish and Piguet; Mizumori; Muller; Murray and Kensinger; Pause et al.; Pergola and Suchan; Schnider; Souchay et al.; Werner et al.; Zlomuzica et al.), as well as hypothesis and theory papers (Dalla Barba and La Corte; Klein; Urbanowitsch et al.; Vandekerckhove et al.; Yassa and Reagh) from both human and animal research disciplines. With this Frontiers eBook, we (the editors) aimed to cover the full diversity of methods and theoretical approaches to unravel this veritable “marvel of nature” (Tulving, 2002) that we call episodic memory.
Acute oral administration of Khat (Catha edulis) aqueous extract elevates blood pressure and prolongs QT and QTC intervals in Wistar albino rats.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Khat (Catha edulis) acute administration on blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) in vivo. METHODS This study was performed between January and February 2009 at the Physiology Laboratory, Medical College of King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Two groups of Wistar rats (n=10), weighing 190-200 g were divided into control group and Khat treated group. Throughout the study, arterial BP and ECG were recorded for 60 consecutive minutes. The data were collected and analyzed by Power Lab Data Acquisition System every 10 minutes, and were compared within and between the groups. RESULTS Oral administration of Khat resulted in significant time dependent increases in both systolic and diastolic BP with a maximum increase at minute 60 after extract administration (systolic BP--34.1%; and diastolic BP--46.2%). Heart rate was significantly increased at all minutes of the study with a maximum increase occurring at minute 40 (12.8%). There was a significant decrease in PR interval through the experiment, and the maximum decrease was observed at minute 40 (-15.2%). However, QT and QTc started to widen 20 minutes after extract administration with a maximum prolongation in both intervals to occur at minute 40 (QT--11.6%; QTc--9.1%). CONCLUSION These newly reported changes in the ECG of rats after Khat administration should be a warning regarding the cardiac hazards of Khat chewing.
Packaging Technology for Ultra-Small Variable Optical Attenuator Multiplexer (V-AWG) With Multichip PLC Integration Structure Using Chip-Scale-Package PD Array

We have developed an ultra-small 16-channel variable optical attenuator (VOA) multiplexer (V-AWG) with excellent optical performance by using multichip planar lightwave circuit (PLC) integration technology. The insertion loss is 3.2 dB, and the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) at 25 dB attenuation is less than 0.3 dB. The module size is 90 mmtimes55 mmtimes14 mm. We describe our concept and developed techniques as regards to the design, fabrication, and packaging of the module, focusing particularly on a chip-scale-packaged monitor photodiode array (CSP-PD) that we developed as a key component of our technique
Neoliberal pharmaceutical science and the Chicago School of Economics

In recent years, science studies scholars have critically examined several methods used by the pharmaceutical industry to exert control over knowledge about drugs. Complementary literatures on ‘medical neoliberalism’ and ‘neoliberal science’ draw attention to the economic ideas justifying such methods of organizing knowledge, and in so doing suggest that neoliberal thinkers may play an important role in developing them. As yet, the nature of this role remains unexplored. Relying on heretofore-unexamined archival evidence, this article establishes a direct link between the Chicago School of Economics and the mobilization of the pharmaceutical industry in the 1970s. It argues that economists affiliated with the Chicago School of Economics sought to influence pharmaceutical policy and science and constructed institutions to do so. These institutions – most notably the Center for the Study of Drug Development – remain highly influential. This article contributes to a historical understanding of how neoliberal ideas came to assume prominence in pharmaceutical policy, the management of science, and scientific practice.
Symmetry and stability in Taylor Couette flow

We study the flow of a fluid between concentric rotating cylinders (the Taylor problem) by exploiting the symmetries of the system. The Navier–Stokes equations, linearized about Couette flow, possess two zero and four purely imaginary eigenvalues at a suitable value of the speed of rotation of the outer cylinder. There is thus a reduced bifurcation equation on a six-dimensional space which can be shown to commute with an action of the symmetry group $O(2) \times SO(2)$. We use the group structure to analyze this bifurcation equation in the simplest (nondegenerate) case and to compute the stabilities of solutions. In particular, when the outer cylinder is counterrotated we can obtain transitions which seem to agree with recent experiments of Andereck, Liu, and Swinney [1984]. It is also possible to obtain the “main sequence” in this model. This sequence is normally observed in experiments when the outer cylinder is held fixed.
Implicit Reconstruction of Vasculatures Using Bivariate Piecewise Algebraic Splines

Vasculature geometry reconstruction from volumetric medical data is a crucial task in the development of computer guided minimally invasive vascular surgery systems. In this paper, a technique for reconstructing the geometry of vasculatures using bivariate implicit splines is developed. With the proposed technique, an implicit geometry representation of the vascular tree can be accurately constructed based on the voxels extracted directly from the surface of a certain vascular structure in a given volumetric medical dataset. Experimental results show that the geometric representation built using our method can faithfully represent the morphology and topology of vascular structures. In addition, both the qualitative and the quantitative validations have been performed to show that the reconstructed vessel geometry is of high accuracy and smoothness. An virtual angioscopy system has been implemented to indicate one of the strengths of our proposed method.
EFFECT OF PERINATAL IRON DEFICIENCY ON BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENTS AND MYELINATION AROUND THE HIPPOCAMPUS IN RATS Submitted

own. CONCLUSIONS: Four different preference profiles were uncovered. Caregivers recognize these profiles in daily practice. Because the goal of Q-methodology is to establish different patterns but not their prevalence, the distribution of profiles will be explored in a large follow-up survey. Additional use of these profiles in daily practice will be also explored, because rank-ordering the statements stimulated adolescents to talk about care issues.