Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nutritional Management and Rehabilitation on Physical Outcome in Japanese Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study

Background: There is lack of evidence regarding nutritional management among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a population with relatively low body mass index. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to assess the nutritional management in Japanese ICUs. Also, we investigated the impact of nutritional management and rehabilitation on physical outcome. Methods: The study population comprised 389 consecutive patients who received mechanical ventilation for at least 24 h and those admitted to the ICU for > 72 h in 13 hospitals. The primary outcomes were caloric and protein intake in ICU on days 3 and 7, and at ICU discharge. The secondary outcome was the impact of nutritional management and rehabilitation on physical status at ICU discharge. We defined good physical status as more than end sitting and poor physical status as bed rest and sitting. We divided the participants into 2 groups, namely, the good physical status group (Good group) and poor physical status group (Poor group) for analysis of the secondary outcome. Data were expressed as median (interquartile range). Results: The median amount of caloric intake on days 3 and 7, and at ICU discharge via enteral and parenteral routes were 8.4 (3.1–15.6), 14.9 (7.5–22.0), and 11.2 (2.5–19.1) kcal/kg/day, respectively. The median amount of protein intake on days 3 and 7, and at ICU discharge were 0.2 (0–0.5), 0.4 (0.1–0.8), and 0.3 (0–0.7) g/kg/day, respectively. The amount of caloric intake on day 3 in the Poor group was significantly higher than that of the Good group (10.1 [5.8, 16.2] vs. 5.2 [1.9, 12.4] kcal/kg/day, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients who were received rehabilitation in ICU in the Good group was significantly higher than that of the Poor group (92 vs. 63%, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that caloric intake on day 3 and rehabilitation in ICU were considered independent factors that affect physical status (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.05–1.34; p = 0.005 and OR 0.07; 95% CI 0.01–0.34; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The caloric and protein intakes in Japanese ICUs were 15 kcal/kg/day and 0.4 g/kg/day, respectively. In addition, critically ill patients might benefit from low caloric intake (less than 10 kcal/kg/day) until day 3 and rehabilitation during ICU stay.
The Dark Side of Risk Homeostasis when joining Health Social Networks

Social networking sites capture, store, analyse and exploit personal data resulting in heightened uncertainty and perceived risk around protecting our personal data. When this data involves personal health information (PHI) the risk factors increase. These risks can be discovered in both the design and presentation of Health Social Networking (HSN) services, as well as the actions of users when providing electronic consent (eConsent). How do users interact with technology and determine the potential risks to their PHI data? This paper seeks to explore users’ behaviours and reflections on risk taking when registering onto a HSN. Examining users’ registration behaviours, it is possible to explore users’ risk homeostasis when providing eConsent on a HSN. This paper focuses on understanding the users’ decision making process to the reading and comprehension of the Terms and Conditions (T&Cs), and Privacy Policy (PP) statements. A two-step approach was taken to collecting data, with 1) the observation of action followed by 2) a focus group discussion. This research sheds light into user’s assessment of future risk, the potentially dark side of sharing PHI and the preferred ways of operating for the user of these online communities
Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

Respiratory viral infections are associated with a wide range of acute syndromes and infectious disease processes in children and adults worldwide. Many viruses are implicated in these infections, and these viruses are spread largely via respiratory means between humans but also occasionally from animals to humans. SUMMARY Respiratory viral infections are associated with a wide range of acute syndromes and infectious disease processes in children and adults worldwide. Many viruses are implicated in these infections, and these viruses are spread largely via respiratory means between humans but also occasionally from animals to humans. This article is an American Society for Microbiology (ASM)-sponsored Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology (PGCM) document identifying best practices for diagnosis and characterization of viruses that cause acute respiratory infections and replaces the most recent prior version of the ASM-sponsored Cumitech 21 document, Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Disease, published in 1986. The scope of the original document was quite broad, with an emphasis on clinical diagnosis of a wide variety of infectious agents and laboratory focus on antigen detection and viral culture. The new PGCM document is designed to be used by laboratorians in a wide variety of diagnostic and public health microbiology/virology laboratory settings worldwide. The article provides guidance to a rapidly changing field of diagnostics and outlines the epidemiology and clinical impact of acute respiratory viral infections, including preferred methods of specimen collection and current methods for diagnosis and characterization of viral pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections. Compared to the case in 1986, molecular techniques are now the preferred diagnostic approaches for the detection of acute respiratory viruses, and they allow for automation, high-throughput workflows, and near-patient testing. These changes require quality assurance programs to prevent laboratory contamination as well as strong preanalytical screening approaches to utilize laboratory resources appropriately. Appropriate guidance from laboratorians to stakeholders will allow for appropriate specimen collection, as well as correct test ordering that will quickly identify highly transmissible emerging pathogens.
Job insecurity, general health and resilience of teachers in the Sedibeng West District

The objectives of this research were to conceptualise and dete'mine the relationship between job insecurity, general health and resilience of teachers in the Sedibeng West District and to detennine whether employees differ in experiencing job insecurity in terms of demographical variables. The II-item Job Insecurity Qnestiollllaire (JIQ), 28-item version of the General Health Qnestionnaire (GHQ), 24-item Resilience Scale (RS) and a Biographical Questionnaire were administered. A cross-sectional survey design was nsed. A response of 260 completed qnestiomJaires was obtained. The sample (N~260) was taken from both primary and secondary pnblic and private schools. Positive con'elations were obtained between job insecurity and psychological distress, suggesting that increased levels of job insecurity are associated with increased levels of psychological distress. Negative correlation was found between job insecurity and resilience as well as resilience and general health, suggesting that individuals who have high levels of resilience also have low levels on job insecurity and psychological distress respectively. A statistical significant difference was found on job insecurity with regard to the cultural group and the employment contract of teachers.
Information Provision and the Use of Management Information Systems (MIS) in Microfinance Banks in Nigeria

This study was undertaken to find out the extent to which Management Information Systems correlate with transactions in microfinance banks. The design adopted for this study is correlational survey, this is used basically as a statistical technique to establish the extent of relationship between two or more variables questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. A total population of 227 was purposively chosen as the sample size for this study. Data for the research question 1 was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Research questions 2 – 6 were analyzed with the use of Pearson correlation to establish the extent of relationship between variables, Hypothesis I was tested with Stepwise t-test to determine the significance of relationship between Management Information Systems and transactions in Microfinance Banks. The findings of the study revealed that the level of Management Information Systems (MIS) competencies among the staff is very low. On the influence of Management Information Systems on Microfinance Transactions, the study revealed that there is positive relationship. The study recommended staff training and retraining in the area of ICT to improve the competencies and for management to increase financial resource in that area. Keywords: Use, Management, Information, Systems, Microfinance, Bank.
DNA Polymorphisms at Candidate Gene Loci and Their Relation with Milk Production Traits in Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

DNA polymorphism within diacylglycerol transferase 2 (DGAT2) / monoacyl glycerol transferases 2 (MOGAT2), leptin and butyrophilin genes were analysed using PCR-SSCP in Murrah buffalo. The single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of amplified gene fragment in exon 5 of MOGAT2, exon 3 of leptin and intron 1 of butyrophilin gene revealed different patterns. A, B and C showed the following frequencies for each candidate gene in 53 (A=0.49, B=0.36 and C=0.15), 65 (A=0.38 and B=0.62) and 55 samples (A=0.6, B=0.31 and C=0.09) from Murrah buffaloes, respectively. The strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by DNA sequencing revealed one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that was (c.193T>C) in MOGAT2, one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (c.25 T>C) in leptin and one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (c.184C>T>G) in butyrophilin gene confirmed BTI1 SSCP.The statistical analysis using general linear model procedure for association study, indicated that Murrah buffalo monoacyl glycerol transferases 2 (MOGAT2)(c.193T>C) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)and (c.25 T>C) in leptingenotypes were not significantly different (P>0.01) in Murrah buffalo for milk production traits milk yield, fat percentage and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)percentage. However, the statistical analysis for association study indicated BTI1 SSCP was significantly (P≤0.05) associated with 305-days lactation milk yield. The Murrah buffaloes with BTI1BB genotypes had 683.93 kg and 320.48 kg higher milk yield as compared to BTI1AA and BTI1CC genotypes, respectively. The positive association of butyrophilin single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) polymorphism with milk yield will be a useful tool for future selection and breeding strategies and genetic improvement of buffaloes for milk yield.
Design High Directive Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna With Superstrate

This paper presents the effects of superstrate & designed to enhance the performance parameters of rectangular microstrip patch antennas. The modified split ring resonator (MSRR) is used in design. At frequency 2.2 GHz, the microstrip patch antenna is designed with the help of superstrate. Metamaterial superstrate is a significant method to obtain high directivity of one or a few antennas. In this paper, the characteristics of directivity enhancement using metamaterial structures as antenna superstrates that is artificial magnetic superstrate. This design helps to enhance gain and efficiency of microstrip patch antenna at resonance frequency. The simulated and observative results through HFSS, 10 db impedance bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna is at 2.2 GHz, The radiation efficiency, gain and directivity of proposed antenna are presented at 2.2 GHz. The coding has been done by MATLAB and simulation results has been done by HFSS.
Europe in the Political Imagination *

Perceptions of the EU tend to be studied by examining responses to targeted opinion polls. This paper looks instead at how citizens draw Europe into a wider discussion of politics and political problems. Based on a series of group discussions with taxi-drivers in Britain, Germany and the Czech Republic, it examines the motifs speakers use to explain the origins of problems, the assumptions they make about their susceptibility to address, and how, when these patterned ways of speaking are applied to the EU, they serve to undermine its credibility as a positive source of political agency.
Dysfunctional Behavior among Auditors: The Application of Occupational Theory

Pressure face by the auditors may contribute to dysfunctional behaviours, turnover, job dissatisfaction, ill health and reduction in audit. Even with existence of pressure, they still have to abide with the rules, regulations and the profession code of conduct. This study focuses on the time budget pressure issues within a theoretical model of occupational stress. Questionnaires are sent out to two participating big audit firms. The pressure from the time budget tightness may have a positive relationship with the dysfunctional behavior (the reduction in audit quality practices and under reporting time behavior). However, the findings of this study shows the dysfunctional behaviours for Malaysia’s auditors in the big audit firms does not correlated with the time budget tightness. These results imply that the professionalism of big audit firms in Malaysia is still upkeep under time pressure.
Anti -inflammatory and Acute Toxicity Effects of Pittosporum tetraspermum Wight and Arn. on Rats

Abstract The anti- inflammatory effect of Pittosporum tetraspermum was studied in carrageenan – induced oedema in albino rats. Among the plant parts tested the methanol extract of root bark and stem bark exhitbited significant (P P. tetraspermum has potential anti-inflammatory activity that supports its use in folk-therapy for inflammatory disorders. The acute toxicity study proved that the crude extract of the bark was non-toxic up to 2g/kg per oral (p.o.). Key words: Anti-inflammatory, Carrageenan, Acute-toxicity, Induced oedema P.J. Rosakutty et al. Anti -inflammatory and Acute Toxicity Effects of Pittosporum tetraspermum Wight and Arn. on Rats . J Phytol 2/6 (2010) 14-20
Induced cytokine network during experimental African trypanosomiasis

African trypanosomiasis (AT) is caused by extracellular hemoflagellates of the genus Trypanosoma and develops into a fatal disease for man and animals. The immune response and pathogenesis associated with the illness are complex and still poorly understood. However, they seem to be characterized by extensive changes in lymphoid tissues of the infected host, involving a complex network of interactions between cells and their products, which are controlled by specific parasite molecules. Various studies suggest that cytokine responses influence the outcome of AT; however, the precise role of individual cytokines remains unclear and may depend on the animal model and the parasite strain. This review focuses on how the parasite manipulates the immunoregulatory mechanisms in the generation of host cytokine response and their relationship with macrophages activation in the experimental model of the African sleeping sickness.
Computational drug designing of fungal pigments as potential aromatase inhibitors

The existing aromatase inhibitors produced unwelcome effects impose the discovery of novel drugs with privileged selectivity, a reduced amount of toxicity and humanizing potency. In this study, we illuminate the binding mode of polyketide azaphilanoid pigments monascin, ankaflavin, monascorubrin and monascorubramine isolated from Monascus fungus to the aromatase by molecular docking. The 3-dimensional structure of aromatase enzyme (PDB: 4KQ8) was obtained from the Protein Data Bank. PatchDock docking software was used to analyze structural complexes of the aromatase with monascus pigments. Comparatively, the AutoGrid model presented the most briskly constructive binding mode of monascin to aromatase. Docked energies in kcal/mol are: monascin;-13.2; monascorubramine:-12.8, monascorubrin:-12.3; ankaflavin: -10.5. These outcomes exposed these ligands could be potential drugs to treat hormone dependent breast cancer. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjp.v9i4. 20435
HIV-1 R . eplication Rate

Antiviral drugs have been known to prolong the lives of HIV infected patients. However, it is still uncertain if antiviral drugs affect the rate of virion clearance, the loss of target cells, or both. In this study, we used mathematical models to measure the effects of a protease inhibitor on three infected patients. After analysis of this data, we were able to calculate the lifespans of free virions and infected cells. We found that the antiviral drug decreased not only the number of free virions in the plasma but also the loss of infected target cells. Although this antiviral drug is not a cure for this disease, it can provide insight into creating an effective treatment program for HIV patients.
Seroepidemiological Studies on Poultry Salmonellosis and its Public Health Importance

Non-typhoid Salmonella serovars remain a potential threat to human health, and poultry species are possible sources of these organisms. In this study, trials for Salmonella isolation from poultry and humans were conducted in the period April 2009 through March 2010 in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt. Cloacal swabs were collected from different live poultry species including 150 broilers, 50 breeders, 50 layers, 50 turkeys, and 50 ducks, beside 30 litter samples from various poultry farms. Regarding the humans, stool samples as well as hand swabs were collected from 90 workers and poultry contacts of the examined farms. All poultry and human samples were subjected to bacteriological examination and serological identification for Salmonella spp. The recovered Salmonella strains were found belonging to S. Kentucky, S. Typhimurium and S. SaintPaul. The obtained results demonstrated that the occurrence of Salmonella spp. accounted for 16.66, 10.0, 2.0, 6.0 and 2.0% in broilers, breeders, layers, ducks and turkeys respectively. Investigation of litter samples revealed that the occurrence of S. Kentucky was 53.33, 66.66 and 28.57% in broiler's, breeder's and duck's litters respectively. Examination of human samples declared that 8 out of 90 hand swabs were found positive for S. Kentucky whereas all stool samples reacted negatively to all Salmonella spp. In the present study, conclusively Salmonella serovars (S. Kentucky) isolated from chickens were frequently isolated from hand swabs of the examined poultry contacts, this provided evidence that direct contact with poultry or poultry environment may pose health hazards for humans.
Use of Item Dimensionality-to Reduce Test Burden in Title I Projects Rim Onn

ABSTRACT A few multi-dimensional items were found to be more efficient than a larger number of uni-dimensional items in tests for participant selection and evaluation of such compensatory educational programs as Title J. A multi-dimensional scaling technique is described which derives scores fdr each item on three dimensions, and allows multiple scores to be derived from the same set of test items. A 35-item English language test was administered to firstand second-grade bilingual students and an inter-item correlation matrix was computed. In an analysis by the INDSCAL program, a three dimensional configuration of pronoun use, object identification and word-endings pronunciation was found. The scale scores, intercorrelations among nine score variables, and degrees of item saliences on the dimensions were calculated. Five items were classified as multi-dimensional (appearing in all three clusters of items based on dimensions) and seven were identified as uni dimensional. The possibility of using item dimensionality to reduce the test burden in program evaluation is discussed with suggestions for improving the present procedure regarding scoring algorithms and salience measures. (Author/CM)
Stressors, social support and military performance in a modern war scenario

Abstract The present study examined differences in stressors, coping strategies, and military performance in two groups deployed in the same war scenario, but with operative and psychologically different challenges. A total of 173 military personnel participated in the study. Questionnaires measuring stress, coping strategies and military performance were administered before and after deployment in Afghanistan. Hierarchical Regression Analyses measured the extent to which stressors or coping strategies explained variance in military performance. Operational personnel judged their military performance better than Staff personnel. Social Support was the most important predictor variables of military performance. The results are discussed with regard to differences in the operative and psychological challenges during service and the general effect of stressors and social support on military performance. Social support was important for coping with challenges regardless of the type of service you completed.
Feminism, femininity and popular culture

1. Introduction 2. Feminism, cultural studies and popular culture 3. Film studies and the woman's film 4. Reading romantic fiction 5. Soap operas and their audiences 6. Consumption and material culture 7. Fashion and beuaty practices 8. Youth cultures and popular music 9. Conclusions
Visual Fixation Durations and Saccade Amplitudes: Shifting Relationship in a Variety of Conditions

Is there any relationship between visual fixation durations and saccade amplitudes in free exploration of pictures and scenes? In four experiments with naturalistic stimuli, we compared eye movements during early and late phases of scene perception. Influences of repeated presentation of similar stimuli (Experiment 1), object density (Experiment 2), emotional stimuli (Experiment 3) and mood induction (Experiment 4) were examined. The results demonstrate a systematic increase in the durations of fixations and a decrease for saccadic amplitudes over the time course of scene perception. This relationship was very stable across the variety of studied conditions. It can be interpreted in terms of a shifting balance of the two modes of visual information processing.
The Long and Winding Road to Smart Integration of Door-to-Door Mobility Services: an Analysis of the Hindering Influence of intra-Role Conflicts

Technical advances such as sensors and open data have enabled service integrators to offer smarter service packages. Door-to-door (D2D) mobility integrators now promise to provide smart (i.e., highly individualized, dynamic, and context-aware) services by packaging component mobility services pro-vided by independent mobility providers, such as bus, car-sharing and train companies. However, this business model has inherent conflicts. This research proposes a role framework for smart D2D mobility integrators and analyses intra-role conflicts to explain the low cooperation rate among public transport companies with D2D mobility integrators. Drawing on intermediary literature and role conflict theory, this study identifies how intra-role conflicts between D2D mobility integrators and transport and tariff associations (TTAs), the re-gional representations of public transport companies, lead to non-cooperation. Our empirical results from the German mobility sector show strong intra-role conflicts within the logis-tical and customization role. Especially the TTAs’ desire to provide D2D mobility themselves negative-ly influence their willingness to cooperate.