Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efectos de los umbrales de discriminación cromática en la paleta de una imagen

La apariencia que tiene una escena para un sujeto puede modificarse como consecuencia de cambios en la discriminación cromática del mismo, que se originan en variaciones en las condiciones de adaptación o a la presencia de algún tipo de anomalías en su sistema visual [1,2]. Estudiar la discriminación cromática del sujeto puede ser de interés en problemas de reproducción digital de imágenes, así como en los procesos de compresión de dichas imágenes, a la hora de responder a las preguntas de cuántos colores son necesarios para reproducir una imagen sin pérdidas, y de qué colores hay que utilizar en distintas condiciones de adaptación.
A Highly Digital VCO Based Analog to Digital Converter Using Decimator Filter

Designing high performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in deep sub-micrometer process is becoming increasingly more difficult due to the low supply voltage of advanced process technologies. A time-based ADC using a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is a promising architecture for future low-voltage CMOS processes, since it makes extensive use of digital circuits and removes the need for accurate analog circuits that require large voltage headroom. A first-order time-based modulator using voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented. The proposed modulator employs phase interpolation technique to enhance the time resolution of the VCO and digital calibration to improve the linearity of the VCO tuning curve. The proposed modulator is designed in VHDL and implemented in XILINX FPGA.
Memory for associative integrations depends on emotion and age

A key feature of human memory is the ability to remember not only discrete pieces of information but also to form novel associations between them. A special type of association, called an "integration", can be formed when the pieces are encoded as a single representation in memory (Wollen, Weber and Lowry, 1972; Murray and Kensinger, 2012). The work presented here investigates what neural mechanisms underlie the formation and subsequent retrieval of integrated mental images in younger adulthood (individuals aged 18-30), whether those mechanisms differ based on the emotional content of the integration, and whether older and younger adults generate and remember emotional integrations differently from one another. I show that younger adults utilize two different routes to form integrations, depending on their emotional content: a rapid, perceptually-supported route that allows for fast integration of emotional pairs but that leads to poor downstream memory for the associates, and a slow, conceptually-supported route for neutral pairs that takes more time but that leads to strong downstream memory. Conversely, older adults utilize slow, controlled processing of emotional integrations that leads to strong memory, but they fail to produce durable memory for non-emotional pairs due to age-related associative deficits. Together, these results highlight differences both within and between age groups in the formation and retrieval of emotional and non-emotional integrations, and suggest a circumstance - integration of emotional pairs - in which older adults can overcome previously reported age-related deficits.
Effects of slope and riparian habitat connectivity on gene flow in an endangered Panamanian frog, Atelopus varius

Aim Understanding how heterogeneous landscapes shape genetic structure not only sheds light on processes involved in population divergence and speciation, but can also guide management strategies to promote and maintain genetic connectivity of populations of endangered species. This study aimed to (1) identify barriers and corridors for gene flow among populations of the endangered frog, Atelopus varius and (2) assess the relative contributions of alternative landscape factors to patterns of genetic variation among these populations in a hypothesis testing framework.
Modulation of PDO on the predictability of the interannual variability of early summer rainfall over south China

This study investigates the modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the predictability of interannual early summer south China rainfall (SCR) using high‐quality station rainfall data. Of particular interest is the difference in impact between negative and positive phases of the PDO on the predictability of interannual early summer SCR. A clear difference in the correlation between the interannual early summer SCR and the preceding sea surface temperature (SST) over the Pacific Ocean appears in negative and positive phases of the PDO. In the negative PDO phase, the correlation between interannual early summer SCR and SST is dominated by a pattern with significant negative correlations in the subtropical western North Pacific and southeast Pacific and significant positive correlations in the tropical central Pacific. However, in the positive PDO phase, significant positive correlations are observed in the tropical eastern Pacific. It is found that, for each PDO phase, the preceding SST anomalies in some regions in the Pacific may act as predictors of the interannual early summer SCR. As such, a two‐regime regression model for the relationship between interannual early summer SCR and preceding SST anomalies is established based on the negative and positive PDO phases using respective multiple linear regression models. Results suggest that the interannual early SCR is more predictable in PDO positive phase than in negative phase. It offers a support for the argument that a segmented statistical forecasting approach associated with the decadal modulation effect of the coupled ocean atmospheric mode should be adopted to forecast the early summer SCR.
An Integrative Framework for the Analysis of Multiple and Multimodal Representations for Meaning-Making in Science Education

This paper presents an integrative framework for analyzing science meaning-making with representations. It integrates the research on multiple representations and multimodal representations by identifying and leveraging the differences in their units of analysis in two dimensions: timescale and compositional grain size. Timescale considers the duration of time a learner typically spends on one or more representations. Compositional grain size refers to the elements of interest within a representation, ranging from components such as visual elements, words, or symbols, to a representation as a whole. Research on multiple representations focuses on the practice of re-representing science concepts through different representations and is typically of long timescale and large grain size. Research on multimodal representations tends to consider how learners integrate the components of a representation to produce meaning; it is usually of finer grain size and shorter timescale. In the integrative framework, each type of analysis on multiple and multimodal representations plays a mutually complementary role in illuminating students’ learning with representations. The framework is illustrated through the analysis of instructional episodes of middle school students using representations to learn nanoscience concepts over the course of a lesson unit. Finally, recommendations for new research directions stemming from this framework are presented.
The Effect of High Carbohydrate and Fat Consumption on Growth Hormone Response to Physical Activity in Children

Introduction: present study aimed to investigate the effect of type of food on growth hormone concentrations in response to physical activity in children. Methods: 25 boys (aged 9-14) with complete physical health were randomly divided into three groups, including high carbohydrate (65% carbohydrate, HC), high fat (50% fat, HF), and Normal (N) diet. Physical activity included 10 cycles of 6 seconds sprint running for 20 minutes. Blood was taken in the fasting state, 45 minutes after diet, and 15 minutes after physical activity. Repeated measure ANOVA, factorial analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at significant level of 0.05 were used to analyze the data. Results: After breakfast, the growth hormone decreased in HC and HF groups. In the HF group, the increase in growth hormone after activity was significant compared to the fasting state (P = 0.01) and post-breakfast state (P = 0.03). The increase after activity was significant in comparison with the post-breakfast state (P = 0.03) in the HF group. In the N group, the growth hormone increased after breakfast (P = 0.03) and activity (P = 0.04) compared to the fasting state. Conclusion: Consumption of food with carbohydrates and lipids reduces the growth hormone secretion, but does not change the response to activity.
Research on Adaptive Optics Image Restoration Algorithm by Improved Expectation Maximization Method

To improve the effect of adaptive optics images’ restoration, we put forward a deconvolution algorithm improved by the EM algorithm which joints multiframe adaptive optics images based on expectation-maximization theory. Firstly, we need to make a mathematical model for the degenerate multiframe adaptive optics images. The function model is deduced for the points that spread with time based on phase error. The AO images are denoised using the image power spectral density and support constraint. Secondly, the EM algorithm is improved by combining the AO imaging system parameters and regularization technique. A cost function for the joint-deconvolution multiframe AO images is given, and the optimization model for their parameter estimations is built. Lastly, the image-restoration experiments on both analog images and the real AO are performed to verify the recovery effect of our algorithm. The experimental results show that comparing with the Wiener-IBD or RL-IBD algorithm, our iterations decrease 14.3% and well improve the estimation accuracy. The model distinguishes the PSF of the AO images and recovers the observed target images clearly.
Characteristics and Relevant Factors of Sports Injury among Rural School-Aged Children in Zunyi, Southwest China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Citation: Nie C, Hui Y, Zhou Y, Wang T, Yu H, et al. (2017) Characteristics and Relevant Factors of Sports Injury among Rural School-Aged Children in Zunyi, Southwest China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Sports Exerc Med 3:076. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5718/1510076 Received: July 12, 2017; Accepted: September 20, 2017; Published: September 23, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Nie C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND GERMINATION PATTERN IN SELECTED COTTON GENOTYPES OF PAKISTAN

The genetic diversity in 18 cotton varieties of Pakistan was assessed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Three RAPD primers: OPO-19, OPQ-14 and OPY-2 revealed amplifications at 470bp, 325bp and 1070bp with a selection efficiency of 27.7, 61.1 and 44.4 % respectively. Marker assisted screening revealed two cotton varieties CIM-240 and CIM-443 to have resistance against CLCuV. For all varieties days to germination and germination success were recorded. Based on the data three groups were identified with 13 varieties characterized as slow responding, 3 as good responding and 2 varieties as non-responding. Furthermore plant height and leaf area have been studied as an indicator of biomass production. Based on the pooled data 2 genotypes i.e., CIM240 and CIM443 have been identified as potential genotypes to be used in future cotton breeding.
The Impact of Clustering on the Innovativeness Of Furniture Industry

Received: 10 March 2014 Abstract Accepted: 10 May 2014 The furniture industry in Poland is a rapidly growing area of the economy. The level of innovation strongly influences furniture enterprises competitive position on the market. To support innovation, small and medium furniture industry businesses are affiliate in cluster initiatives. It supports the area of R&D, joint promotional campaigns and financing of new ventures. The paper presents selected furniture industry cluster initiatives that implement policies to support innovation activities of enterprises affiliated to them. In Poland, more and more furniture industry businesses brings together in cluster initiatives that aim to improve their market competitiveness and increase the level of innovation. Taken studies allow to analyse the direction of innovative activities undertaken by companies of the furniture industry with particular emphasis on the ones associated in clusters. Thus the aim of the article is to investigate the interest of Polish furniture enterprises (especially SMEs), in participation in clusters. Moreover the benefits of that choice and its impact on Polish furniture manufacturers innovativeness are evaluated.
Self-Triggered Formation Control of Nonholonomic Robots

In this paper, we report the design of an aperiodic remote formation controller applied to nonholonomic robots tracking nonlinear, trajectories using an external positioning sensor network. Our main objective is to reduce wireless communication with external sensors and robots while guaranteeing formation stability. Unlike most previous work in the field of aperiodic control, we design a self-triggered controller that only updates the control signal according to the variation of a Lyapunov function, without taking the measurement error into account. The controller is responsible for scheduling measurement requests to the sensor network and for computing and sending control signals to the robots. We design two triggering mechanisms: centralized, taking into account the formation state and decentralized, considering the individual state of each unit. We present a statistical analysis of simulation results, showing that our control solution significantly reduces the need for communication in comparison with periodic implementations, while preserving the desired tracking performance. To validate the proposal, we also perform experimental tests with robots remotely controlled by a mini PC through an IEEE 802.11g wireless network, in which robots pose is detected by a set of camera sensors connected to the same wireless network.
The Phase Transition during Post Annealing

We have studied why PA (post-annealing) takes a long time to restore damaged crystallinity, which corresponds to repeat 10 times of lattice vibrations. Using a MD (molecular dynamics) simulation, we monitored the time-series of the LRO (long-range order) parameter as LRO pattern, in the case of a type IIa diamond, from the beginning of ion impact by a sub-keV N2 beam implantation to a few nanoseconds, i.e., close to the feasible time limit for MD simulations. Due to the ion impact, the LRO parameter changed gradually from “LRO = 1” (crystal) to “LRO = 0” (amorphous), showing the so-called critical slowing-down phenomenon. However, since PA was started the LRO pattern was not unique. The LRO patterns were grouped into more than three types of phases and the transition between them was also found. From the viewpoint of statistical dynamics, such chaotic variations in the LRO pattern may present that the system is a GCM (globally coupled map) of a complex system in a closed system. A GCM composed of coupled oscillators develops slowly to exhibit several different phases or ‘chaotic itinerancy’ over time. Therefore, the long duration required for PA may be attributable to the nature of a complex system.
Efficiency of PCR Method for Screening Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients under DOTs Protocol Therapy

has increased in the recent years. Use of a sensitive screening method, can be one of the influential parameters in reduction of pulmonary tuberculosis. Current screening method in the laboratories is based on observation of bacilli in stained smear by Ziel-Neelsen procedure. The aim of this research was to study the PCR efficiency in all confirmed patients of Hamadan province. Twenty eight patients were registered as having pulmonary tuberculosis by the tuberculosis comity of the Hamadan province. All these patients had positive results for staining and culture. Amonst these registered patients, we could access only to the 12 patients during the study. Sputums were collected from early stage of diagnosis and continued during treatment at the end of each month. All these patients were under the treatment by the DOTs protocols. All samples were tested by PCR and the results were compared with Ziehl-Neelsen staining method that is recommended procedure by WHO. Compared results showed none of the samples were positive by staining method at the end of second month up to the last month of treatment, while PCR changed to negative gradually. It was negative in 5 and 4 patients at the end of the third and forth month, respectively. Specimens of the three remanied patients were continuously positive up to the end of treatment period. Gradually changing PCR results to negative in three forth of studied patients means it can be applicable screening tools, but one forth remained positive cases needs more study for the evaluation of target gene role and efficiency of the test.
Impact of the GeoMIP G 1 sunshade geoengineering experiment on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

We analyze the multi-earth system model responses of ocean temperatures and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) under an idealized solar radiation management scenario (G1) from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project. All models simulate warming of the northern North Atlantic relative to no geoengineering, despite geoengineering substantially offsetting the increases in mean global ocean temperatures. Increases in the temperature of the North Atlantic Ocean at the surface (∼0.25 K) and at a depth of 500 m (∼0.10 K) are mainly due to a 10 Wm 2 reduction of total heat flux from ocean to atmosphere. Although the AMOC is slightly reduced under the solar dimming scenario, G1, relative to piControl, it is about 37% stronger than under abrupt4 CO2. The reduction of the AMOC under G1 is mainly a response to the heat flux change at the northern North Atlantic rather than to changes in the water flux and the wind stress. The AMOC transfers heat from tropics to high latitudes, helping to warm the high latitudes, and its strength is maintained under solar dimming rather than weakened by greenhouse gas forcing acting alone. Hence the relative reduction in high latitude ocean temperatures provided by solar radiation geoengineering, would tend to be counteracted by the correspondingly active AMOC circulation which furthermore transports warm surface waters towards the Greenland ice sheet, warming Arctic sea ice and permafrost.
Artículo de revisión Menopausia : Nuevas evidencias , nuevos enigmas

Recent advances on menopause are reviewed. Menopause is considered as an adaptation related with grandmothers’ role on children’s survival. A tendency toward a later age at menopause appears in industrialized, but not in developing countries. Postmenopausal obese women may have significant estrogen exposure resulting from peripheral conversion of androgens. The complex interaction of estrogens deprivation with the metabolic syndrome probably results in a neutral effect on insulin resistance. The influence of hormone replacement in cardiovascular risk is reported to be beneficial in cross-sectional as well as in prospective observational studies. In prospective randomized studies, however, increased risk is reported. The estrogen-progestin arm of the Women’s Health Initiative Study was stopped because of increased cardiovascular and breast cancer risk. However, women in the study had a mean age of 63, and were asymptomatic. The effect of hormone therapy on markers of inflammation is not consistent. At postmenopause physical and emotional symptoms depend on estrogen deprivation, and on other biological, social and environmental factors. Estrogen treatment provides relief for physical symptoms, but are useful to control emotional symptoms only in selected cases. Androgens are another therapeutic alternative. For osteoporosis, the polymorphysms of estrogen receptor, osteoproteregin, and the aromatase gene have interesting perspectives to identify women at risk. It was concluded that the risk-benefit balance for treatment at this stage of women’s life, depend on careful evaluation of factors in each case.
Influence of harvesting time on biochemical composition and glucose yield from hemp.

This article investigates the influence of different harvesting times of hemp samples on their biochemical composition and glucose conversion yield. Samples were harvested from experimental fields of the Estonian University of Life Sciences from July to September in 2011. Dilute sulfuric acid solution was used for pretreatment in combination with enzymatic hydrolysis. Results indicate that the highest glucose conversion rate of 204.1 g kg -1 of dry matter of biomass was achieved by samples harvested on the 18 th of August. The lowest glucose yield of 170.3 g kg -1 was achieved by samples harvested on 25 th of August, which also had a very low hydrolysis efficiency of 46.9%. Biochemical composition and glucose conversion efficiencies of samples vary in time. Samples harvested in September have higher cellulose and lignin content than samples harvested in July. However, glucose conversion efficiencies decrease significantly in later samples. Average hydrolysis efficiency was 51.4%.
Depression Management during the Presence of Pain: An

Background: Depression and anxiety are frequently associated with increased risk of medical problems. Severity of these problems varies from persistent pain to severe cardiovascular illness. The pathophysiology of chronic pain and depression overlap in the noradrenergic and seratonergic pathways. Antidepressants, especially dual acting which affect both pathways, are a frequent and effective choice of treatment for chronic pain. Although the coexistence of depression and pain, the treatment differs in terms of depression pain comorbidity and painful symptoms in depression. The aim of this study is to discover and integrate the data about pain. Methods: We have searched the literature from databases with the
Is Malaysia exempted from impossible trinity: empirical evidence from 1991-2009

This paper examines Bank Negara Malaysia’s (BNM) monetary policy autonomy in 1991-2009, a period of volatile capital flows, during which BNM operated under several exchange regimes: managed floating; fixed exchange rates; and fixed exchange rates with selective capital controls. Using a modified version of the Brissimis, Gibson and Tsakalotos (2002) model, the paper’s empirical estimates show that the same-period offset coefficients are significantly less than unity under all regimes, indicating that the Malaysian central bank possesses some short-run control over monetary policy (even under fixed exchange rates). Although the long-run offset coefficient continues to be less than unity under managed floating, it is not significantly less than unity under fixed exchange rates. These results show that Malaysia is not exempted from the impossible trinity except in the very short-run. Perhaps one of the reasons Malaysia abandoned its US dollar exchange rate peg on 20 July 2005 to move back to managed floating is to increase its monetary policy independence. One implication of the Malaysian monetary policy experience is that managed floating with active sterilization may be a viable strategy for emerging market economies to deal with volatile capital flows.