Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-particle dynamics of water molecules in confined space.

Recent neutron scattering studies of single-particle dynamics of water molecules contained in micropores of Vycor glass are presented. Results of incoherent quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering spectra from the confined H{sub 2}O are analyzed to obtain the elastic incoherent structure factor, the short time self-diffusion constants, the residence time for jump diffusion, the rotational relaxation time, and the proton density of states as functions of coverage and temperature. Implication for the degree of confinement and slowing down of the single-particle motions are discussed in light of available NMR relaxation data and computer molecular dynamic simulation results.
Cancer Effects Thyroid Cancer Radiation and thyroid cancer before the Chernobyl accident

Twenty-five years have passed since radioactive releases from the Chernobyl nuclear accident led to the exposure of millions of people in Europe. Studies of affected populations have provided important new data on the links between radiation and cancerdparticularly the risk of thyroid tumours from exposure to iodine isotopesdthat are important not only for a fuller scientific understanding of radiation effects, but also for radiation protection. It is now well documented that children and adolescents exposed to radioiodines from Chernobyl fallout have a sizeable dose-related increase in thyroid cancer, with the risk greatest in those youngest at exposure and with a suggestion that deficiency in stable iodine may increase the risk. Data on thyroid cancer risks to other age groups are somewhat less definitive. In addition, there have been reported increases in incidence and mortality from non-thyroid cancers and non-cancer end points. Although some studies are difficult to interpret because of methodological limitations, recent investigations of Chernobyl clean-up workers (‘liquidators’) have provided evidence of increased risks of leukaemia and other haematological malignancies and of cataracts, and suggestions of an increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases, following low doses and low dose rates of radiation. Further careful follow-up of these populations, including the establishment and long-term support of life-span study cohorts, could provide additional important information for the quantification of radiation risks and the protection of persons exposed to low doses of radiation. 2011 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Journal citation measures: a concise review

A cross-citation matrix with journal titles in the rows and the columns is examined. Journal citation measures are re viewed within the matrix framework. Some limitations of tradi tional indicators such as immediacy index and impact factor are discussed. Time-related and other journal citation measures are also presented. Relations between journal citation mea sures, and objective and subjective ratings of scientific journals are briefly described and commented upon.
Sodium iodide symporter, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor expression in carcinoma breast--an immunohistochemical analysis.

BACKGROUND Sodium iodide symporter (NIS), a transporter of iodine is essential for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. It also plays a role in the radioiodine treatment of thyroid cancers. NIS mediated radioiodine transport to breast cancers is under active investigation due to its potential therapeutic utility. Cellular localization and quantification using immunohistochemistry may provide clues for its utility in management of carcinoma breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human NIS (hNIS) expression was therefore assessed by utilizing a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against a cloned hNIS in different grades of infiltrating duct carcinoma of breast and its metastatic deposits namely in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and endometrium. Further, hNIS expression was compared with prognostic markers namely estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). RESULTS hNIS was positive in 90.6% cases (29/32) and Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading was done in 25 cases and 23 cases were NIS positive. Among nongraded cases, 2/2 cases of carcinoma in-situ were positive and 4/5 were positive in cases having post therapy residual tumor status. The strong positivity for hNIS was seen irrespective of ER or PR status and of grade of breast carcinoma and correlated well with western blot analysis. In all the three metastatic sites, NIS was positive in the tumor. CONCLUSION These findings indicate the utility of immunohistochemistry for NIS as a new potential prognostic marker and may provide guidance for possible radio iodine therapy in breast cancer patients.
TB and HIV: challenges and progress.

Tuberculosis took center stage at the 9th CROI but there was little good news to report. In a special symposium four speakers addressed important new scientific developments in the area of TB and its control. Dr. Nulda Beyers of the University of Stellenbosch S. Africa reported on the innovative epidemiologic research her group has been carrying out largely in HIV-negative patients. Using DNA fingerprints she and her colleagues have determined transmission dynamics of TB in a developing country setting noting a few surprises. While conventional dogma has it that TB is transmitted in the home Beyers has found that much transmission occurs outside the home. Over 60% of TB in her study is recently transmitted but within households experiencing more than one case of TB two-thirds of patients have unrelated strains of TB implying that infection was acquired outside the home. Community studies reveal that much TB is spread in the setting of alcohol use often in bars and other social settings. Beyers also reported that a large proportion of recurrent TB in her community was from re-infection not relapse (even among HIV-negative patients). She also pointed out that rates of transmission in the community are so high (>3.5% per year) that virtually all adults are infected. This means that the introduction of a highly effective new TB vaccine will have no impact on TB incidence for an entire generation. As HIV enters this community the situation will get even worse. (excerpt)
Omnidirectional robotic telepresence through augmented virtuality for increased situation awareness in hazardous environments

This paper proposes a novel low-cost robotic telepresence approach to situation awareness, initially aimed for hazardous environments. The robot supports omnidirectional movement, wide field of vision, haptic feedback and binaural sound. It is controlled through an augmented virtuality environment with an intuitive position displacement scheme that supports physical mobility. The operator thereby can conduct work away from danger whilst retaining situation awareness of the real environment.
Russia's Wealth Possessors Study 2015

SKOLKOVO Wealth Transformation Centre has an ongoing research project to study Russian private capital and family business. Even though the history of private capital in Russia only goes back a few decades, issues concerning wealth succession are now taking on greater prominence. Succession issues are important not only for the families of wealth possessors, but also for the employees of their companies, service providers and society as a whole. Indeed, it is not a stretch to say that succession issues may directly impact the economic stability of the country. Our research report “Russia’s Wealth Possessors Study 2015,” aims to reveal the attitudes of Russian entrepreneurs and investors towards succession issues. The data obtained by the research group – from in-depth interviews with Russia’s wealth possessors – revealed insights about the personal characteristics of wealth possessors, various strategies for wealth transfer, the main challenges associated with wealth transfer in Russia, and key factors influencing wealth transfer decisions.
Spatial dependence of weakly localized single-photon wave packets.

Using the theory of generalized imprimitivities for the description of weakly localized single-photon states, the spatial dependence of the photodetection of such states is calculated and an ${x}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$ falloff is found. A general technique for determining the falloff of densities associated with weakly localized states is given and in particular the same spatial dependence is found for the falloff of energy density in agreement with the previous work of Amrein.
The impact of ischemic time on early rejection after pediatric heart transplant

Prolonged graft ischemia may be a risk factor for early rejection post‐HTx, but this has not been well studied in children. Furthermore, factors moderating the association between IT and early rejection have not been investigated. From 2004 to 2012, pediatric HTx recipients (n = 2381) were identified from the UNOS database. A ROC curve determined the optimal IT discriminating patients by the presence of early rejection. Separate univariate analyses identified factors associated with: (i) early (prior to hospital discharge) rejection, and (ii) IT. A multivariable logistic regression assessed independent risk factors for early rejection. We included interaction terms to evaluate whether IT's independent risk effect on early rejection is moderated via interaction with associated factors found in univariate analysis. Longer IT was associated with an increased risk of early rejection. In multivariable analysis, IT > 3.1 hours was an independent risk factor for early rejection (AOR 1.44, P = .01). No interaction terms between IT and any associated factors were significant. Longer IT is an independent risk for early rejection in pediatric HTx recipients. Better understanding the association between IT and early rejection may identify interventions to mitigate this risk.
An Accurate Bandgap-Based Power-on-Detector in 14-nm CMOS Technology

A novel power-on-detector (POD) circuit is reported in 14-nm technology. This POD has a sigma accuracy of 12 mV, including process, voltage, and temperature variations with a power of 496 μW and an area of 0.02 mm2. The POD uses an open-loop offset-cancelled bandgap-based circuit to achieve this high accuracy. It is also capable of detecting two operating voltages simultaneously and can measure the digital VCC power-up at supply levels lower than the diode voltage.
Automatic data source identification for clinical trial eligibility criteria resolution

Clinical trial coordinators refer to both structured and unstructured sources of data when evaluating a subject for eligibility. While some eligibility criteria can be resolved using structured data, some require manual review of clinical notes. An important step in automating the trial screening process is to be able to identify the right data source for resolving each criterion. In this work, we discuss the creation of an eligibility criteria dataset for clinical trials for patients with two disparate diseases, annotated with the preferred data source for each criterion (i.e., structured or unstructured) by annotators with medical training. The dataset includes 50 heart-failure trials with a total of 766 eligibility criteria and 50 trials for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 677 criteria. Further, we developed machine learning models to predict the preferred data source: kernel methods outperform simpler learning models when used with a combination of lexical, syntactic, semantic, and surface features. Evaluation of these models indicates that the performance is consistent across data from both diagnoses, indicating generalizability of our method. Our findings are an important step towards ongoing efforts for automation of clinical trial screening.
The Hidden Costs of Untreated Anxiety Disorders

Outcomes researchers have made impressive inroads in psychiatry. Studies of the impact of psychiatric conditions, including anxiety disorders, on quality of life, utilization of medical services, and cost-offset are confirming the significant emotional, physical, and economic toll exacted by these debilitating illnesses. National investigations such as the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, and the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study have provided new data and important advances in methodology and data collection, validating perceptions that patients with psychiatric disorders suffer poor health and high rates of disability. Coming at a time of cost-consciousness and shrinking mental health insurance coverage, these advances are not having their deserved impact on the medical and insurance communities. Consequently, we examine each of these areas-uality of life, medical utilization, and costoffset-with the intent of synthesizing a view of current trends that is both medically sound and cost-sensitive.
Birational Geometry of Algebraic Varieties

Needless to say, tlie prototype of classification theory of varieties is tlie classical classification theory of algebraic surfaces by the Italian school, enriched by Zariski, Kodaira and others. Let me start by recalling the basic notions. Given a variety V, we have a non-singular model by Hironaka; this implies that there exist a non-singular variety V1 and a proper birational map ^: Vt->V. By using this, we define the following basic birational invariants:
Mobile Gaming: Perspectives and Issues

Mobile gaming (mGaming) belongs to the category of mobile entertainment applications. It is widely adopted in some countries –for example in Japan (Baldi & Thaung, 2002; Chan, 2008) and is fast becoming a popular and profitable mobile commerce service (Kleijnen, de Ruyter, & Wetzels, 2003; Paavilainen, 2004, p. 133). In 2006, the revenue from phone games in Europe alone reached US$6 billion (Fritsch, Ritter, & Schiller, 2006). It is predicted that worldwide mGaming revenues will continue to grow with Asia-Pacific markets contributing significantly to the growth (Paul, Jensen, Wong, & Khong, 2008). Past research results indicate that both customer perceptions and attitudes, and mGaming supply chain factors may play a critical role as determinants of mGaming business model success and mGaming adoption (Barnes, 2003; Carlsson, Hyvonen, Repo, & Walden, 2005; Kuo & Yu, 2006; Macinnes, Moneta, Caraballo, & Sarni, 2002; Peppard & Rylander, 2006; Petrova, 2007; Siau, Lim, & Shen, 2001; Soh & Tan, 2008). Following up on prior findings the study presented here develops further the proposition that customer adoption of mobile gaming services and products is linked to:
Improving the accuracy of mean DGD estimates by analysis of second-order PMD statistics

The authors propose a novel technique to improve accuracy in measurements of the mean differential group delay (DGD) of optical fiber. Using the statistics of the second-order polarization-mode dispersion and averaging properly, they find a 30% reduction in measurement uncertainty, which is equivalent to doubling the measurement's optical bandwidth. The authors motivate the necessity for proper averaging by first demonstrating that the conventional conversions of "mean-square" to "mean" DGD lead to (correctable) systematic errors for finite bandwidth measurements.
The epidemiology of multiple births.

On the basis of MEDLINE and manual searches, we examined the main papers in the English literature regarding risk factors for spontaneous (i.e. not related to fertility drug use) multiple births. The constant frequency of monozygotic (MZ) pregnancies over time and in different geographical areas suggests that the determination of MZ twins is largely unchanged over time, and that a genetic mechanism may have a role. In contrast, temporal and geographical trends observed in dizygotic (DZ) pregnancies suggest that environmental factors play a role in determining this condition. At present, maternal age and hereditary components are the best-defined determinants for spontaneous multiple births.
Natural Resource Dependency and Innovation in the GCC Countries

Whether the current strong performance displayed by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries proves sustainable for the long term will cast new light on the extent to which natural resource abundance can be turned into a “blessing”, rather than a “curse”, and then the requirements for that. This chapter synthesizes new evidence on the conditions for innovation in these economies, including through examination of innovative performances at firm level, collected through the first Community Innovation Survey (CIS) carried out in the GCC countries. Whereas strengths are recorded in some respects, e.g., Information and Communication Technology (ICT), education and some conditions for start-up activity, challenges remain in others, including with regard to governance. The chapter ends with recommendations what further action is required to enable better conditions for innovation both in the natural resource sector itself, and broadly in the economy. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-165-8.ch016
Attention trees and semantic paths

In the last few decades several techniques for image content extraction, often based on segmentation, have been proposed. It has been suggested that under the assumption of very general image content, segmentation becomes unstable and classification becomes unreliable. According to recent psychological theories, certain image regions attract the attention of human observers more than others and, generally, the image main meaning appears concentrated in those regions. Initially, regions attracting our attention are perceived as a whole and hypotheses on their content are formulated; successively the components of those regions are carefully analyzed and a more precise interpretation is reached. It is interesting to observe that an image decomposition process performed according to these psychological visual attention theories might present advantages with respect to a traditional segmentation approach. In this paper we propose an automatic procedure generating image decomposition based on the detection of visual attention regions. A new clustering algorithm taking advantage of the Delaunay- Voronoi diagrams for achieving the decomposition target is proposed. By applying that algorithm recursively, starting from the whole image, a transformation of the image into a tree of related meaningful regions is obtained (Attention Tree). Successively, a semantic interpretation of the leaf nodes is carried out by using a structure of Neural Networks (Neural Tree) assisted by a knowledge base (Ontology Net). Starting from leaf nodes, paths toward the root node across the Attention Tree are attempted. The task of the path consists in relating the semantics of each child-parent node pair and, consequently, in merging the corresponding image regions. The relationship detected in this way between two tree nodes generates, as a result, the extension of the interpreted image area through each step of the path. The construction of several Attention Trees has been performed and partial results will be shown.
Board Diversity and Corporate Performance: The Indian Evidence

The paper examines whether board diversity improves corporate performance by considering different parameters of diversity such as gender, age, tenure, nationality, educational background and experience of the directors. No significant link between board heterogeneity and financial performance in Indian firms is found. The possible explanation for this may be that diversity in teams often leads to conflicts, adversely affecting performance unless properly managed.
Effects of Chemical Reaction and Heat Generation on MHD Boundary Layer Flow of a Moving Vertical Plate with Suction and Dissipation

In this paper, the study of the steady two-dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous fluid with heat and mass transfer and MHD heat generation past a moving vertical plate with suction in the presence of viscous dissipation and chemical reaction is investigated. Using similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The flow variables are presented graphically. The graphs showed that velocity rises for increasing Grashof number, mass Grashof numer, suction, heat generation and Eckert number while reducing with increasing magnetic parameter, Schmidt number, and chemical reaction parameter and Prandtl number. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and are found to be in an excellent agreement.
Questionnaire-based mechanical exposure indices for large population studies--reliability, internal consistency and predictive validity.

OBJECTIVES This study attempts to construct valid indices for mechanical exposure of the shoulder-neck region with relation to the development of shoulder-neck pain in a 1-year perspective study of a general population. METHODS A comprehensive questionnaire was presented to 14 556 subjects aged 45 or 65 years and repeated after 12 months. Twenty-four questions concerning positions, movements, and manual materials handling were registered on a 3-point impact scale. Musculoskeletal problems were reported on a slightly modified version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for the Analysis of Musculoskeletal Symptoms. Test-retest stability after 2 weeks was calculated for 232 consecutive participants. Based on mechanistic theories, 4 exposure indices were formed. Another 5 constructs were obtained by factor analysis. RESULTS All the indices showed good test-retest stability, and 5 of them had very good internal consistency. Due to overlaps between the indices, 2 indices stood out as having unique properties. One of them concerned mainly postures and the other dealt primarily with measured lifting. However, the latter was not related to the shoulder-neck pain outcome when adjusted for the posture index. The posture index showed an exposure-effect relationship with the outcome. The job titles implied a large degree of exposure misclassification. CONCLUSIONS The posture index is recommended as a mechanical exposure index for analyses of interaction with other possible determinants of shoulder-neck pain (ie, psychosocial factors). The use of such an index instead of job titles in large population studies will reduce the risk of misclassification.