Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Late Repair of Injuries of the Anal Sphincter

The commonest cause of anal sphincter damage is childbirth injury. It is dealt with competently by gynecologists and the results are generally good. The site is always the anterior midline. Damage to the external anal sphincter muscles at sites other than the midline are not so easily treated. Blaisdell (1940) reviewed a large number of attempted repairs and reported almost uniform failure. Goligher (1967) expressed the view that such repairs are difficult if not impracticable, the retracted ends being difficult to define with confidence, and any sutures placed in them tending to cut out. The present report describes 20 patients with sphincter damage sufficient to cause appreciable loss of anorectal control. In most cases the section of the muscles was total, but in some there was
The Implication of Tweet's Distribution by Quantizing Stock Values for Inference in the Indian Financial Market: A Sentiment Analysis Approach

The rise of social networking has changed the behavior of the entire world.In these day’s most of the people put their opinion in the social media so these allow users to access the real-time data from social networks generating the huge amount of data worthy for sentiment analysis and its future prediction.In this paper, we have proposed a promising approach with the help of twitter’s API by collecting the tweets on a daily basis and analyzing them for calculating sentiment out of it. We have proposed here the new method i.e. By quantizing the closing stock values of companies listed in NSE by combining them with sentiment’s derived from tweets of the same date with the help of the most powerful NLP tool LING PIPE and calculate the distribution of each tweet. This has proved to be a one of the best method for predicting the sentiment of company present public’s mind as a result this sentiment is significant for traders who are interested to invest in that company.
THE RESISTANCE OF CORRUGATED ENDOTRACHEAL CATHETER MOUNTS.

Observations made on a patient who was being artificially ventilated suggested that the newer type of corrugated rubber endotracheal catheter mounts might have a higher resistance than the older straight-sided ones. This possibility was verified using steady flows of air with the catheter mount straight. In these circumstances the difference between the two is small. However, corrugated tubes are designed to be flexible and when they are bent through 180 degrees the resistance increases sharply, being doubled.
The proteasome of the differently-diverged eukaryote Giardia lamblia and its role in remodeling of the microtubule-based cytoskeleton

Abstract Giardia lamblia is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease giardiasis, against which only a limited number of drugs are currently available. Increasing reports of resistance to these drugs makes it necessary to identify new cellular targets for designing the next generation of anti-giardial drugs. Towards this goal, therapeutic agents that target the parasitic cellular machinery involved in the functioning of the unique microtubule-based cytoskeleton of the Giardia trophozoites are likely to be effective as microtubule function is not only important for the survival of trophozoites within the host, but also their extensive remodeling is necessary during the transition from trophozoites to cysts. Thus, drugs that affect microtubule remodeling have the potential to not only kill the disease-causing trophozoites, but also inhibit transmission of cysts in the community. Recent studies in other model organisms have indicated that the proteasome plays an integral role in the formation and remodeling of the microtubule-based cytoskeleton. This review draws attention to the various processes by which the giardial proteasome may impact the functioning of its microtubule cytoskeleton and highlights the possible differences of the parasitic proteasome and some of other cellular machinery involved in microtubule remodeling, compared to that of the higher eukaryotic host.
Iron Deficiency-Induced Secretion of Phenolics Facilitates the Reutilization of Root Apoplastic Iron in Red Clover1

Phenolic compounds are frequently reported to be the main components of root exudates in response to iron (Fe) deficiency in Strategy I plants, but relatively little is known about their function. Here, we show that removal of secreted phenolics from the root-bathing solution almost completely inhibited the reutilization of apoplastic Fe in roots of red clover (Trifolium pratense). This resulted in much lower levels of shoot Fe and significantly higher root Fe compared with control and also resulted in leaf chlorosis, suggesting this approach stimulated Fe deficiency. This was supported by the observation that phenolic removal significantly enhanced root ferric chelate reductase activity, which is normally induced by plant Fe deficiency. Furthermore, root proton extrusion, which also is normally increased during Fe deficiency, was found to be higher in plants exposed to the phenolic removal treatment too. These results indicate that Fe deficiency-induced phenolics secretion plays an important role in the reutilization of root apoplastic Fe, and this reutilization is not mediated by proton extrusion or the root ferric chelate reductase. In vitro studies with extracted root cell walls further demonstrate that excreted phenolics efficiently desorbed a significant amount of Fe from cell walls, indicating a direct involvement of phenolics in Fe remobilization. All of these results constitute the first direct experimental evidence, to our knowledge, that Fe deficiency-induced secretion of phenolics by the roots of a dicot species improves plant Fe nutrition by enhancing reutilization of apoplastic Fe, thereby improving Fe nutrition in the shoot.
A Comparison of Hamming and Hopfield Neural Nets for Pattern Classification

Abstract : The Hopfield model neural net has attracted much recent attention. One use of the Hopfield net is as a highly parallel content addressable memory, where retrieval is possible although the input is corrupted by noise. For binary input patterns, an alternate approach is to compute Hamming distances between the input pattern and each of the stored patterns and retrieve that stored pattern with minimum Hamming distance. We first show that this is an optimum processor when the noise is statistically independent from bit to bit. We then present a Hamming Neural Net which is a highly parallel implementation of this algorithm that uses computational elements similar to those used in a Hopfield net. The Hopfield and Hamming nets are compared for several applications. For the cases considered, the Hamming net generally outperforms the Hopfield net. Also, the Hamming new requires fewer interconnects than the fully connected Hopfield net. Keywords: Associative memory; Binary classifier; Classification; Connectionist; Hamming net; Hopfield net; Neural net; Neuromorphic; Parallel processing; Pattern Classification; Pattern matching; Perceptron.
The Octopus as a Model for Artificial Intelligence - A Multi-Agent Robotic Case Study

The aim of this paper is to investigate the curious cognition process exhibited by the octopus, and its practical applicability to multi-agent systems. The paper begins by explaining the limitations of using the human brain as a model to achieve artificial cognition and proposes an alternative model inspired by the octopus’ distributed approach to solving problems. As a case study, a laboratory prototype demonstrates awareness, autonomy, solidarity, expandability, and resiliency in a multi-robotic system. The cognition model described in this paper is primarily algorithmic and does not explore the model creation process nor semantics; rather, it lays the foundation and inspiration for a future realization as a Process for Agent Societies Specification and Implementation (PASSI).
Distinct physiological roles of the Gq‐coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors co‐expressed in the same neuronal populations

The group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR1 and mGluR5, exhibit a high degree of sequence homology, and are often found co‐expressed in the same neuronal populations. These receptors couple to a broad array of effector systems, and are implicated in diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. Due to the high degree of sequence homology, and the findings that these receptors couple identically in recombinant systems, it has been generally assumed that these two group I mGluR subtypes would exhibit redundant function when co‐expressed in the same neurons. With the advent of subtype‐selective pharmacological tools, it has become possible to tease apart the functions of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in the same neuron. The emerging picture is one of diverse function, which implies differential regulation. Interestingly, the group I mGluRs are modulated by a rich variety of regulatory systems, which may explain how these receptors can mediate divergent actions when present in the same cell. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 125–137, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in serum indicates cardiovascular risk in urology patients

Objective. We hypothesized that a high serum concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a cytokine involved in prostate growth which is also upregulated in chronic ischemia, indicates an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death in urology patients. Material and methods. The serum VEGF concentration was measured in 219 males (mean age 72 years) who sought medical attention because of lower urinary tract symptoms. Data on cardiovascular events and survival were obtained from the hospital registry of Stockholm County and the Death Registry over a period of up to 10 years (mean 6.2 years). Results. After adjusting for the effects of age and smoking, patients with a serum VEGF level in the upper 20% of the cohort (>500 pg/ml) had an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio 2.18; 95% CI 1.04–4.60), including acute myocardial infarction (3.36; 1.35–8.41) and stroke (3.98; 1.61–9.86). They also had an increased risk of death (1.74; 1.01–3.00). These differences from patients with a lower serum VEGF concentration (<300 pg/ml) were manifested 2–5 years after the blood sample was taken. Conclusion. An elevated VEGF level in peripheral blood was a risk factor for subsequent development of cardiovascular disease.
Molecular Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Reptiles

Charles Darwin first provided a lucid explanation of how gender differences evolve nearly 140 years ago. Yet, a disconnect remains between his theory of sexual selection and the mechanisms that underlie the development of males and females. In particular, comparisons between representatives of different phyla (i.e., flies and mice) reveal distinct genetic mechanisms for sexual differentiation. Such differences are hard to comprehend unless we study organisms that bridge the phylogenetic gap. Analysis of variation within monophyletic groups (i.e., amniotes) is just as important if we hope to elucidate the evolution of mechanisms underlying sexual differentiation. Here we review the molecular, cellular, morphological, and physiological changes associated with sex determination in reptiles. Most research on the molecular biology of sex determination in reptiles describes expression patterns for orthologs of mammalian sex-determining genes. Many of these genes have evolutionarily conserved expression profiles (i.e., DMRT1 and SOX9 are expressed at a higher level in developing testes vs. developing ovaries in all species), which suggests functional conservation. However, expression profiling alone does not test gene function and will not identify novel sex-determining genes or gene interactions. For that reason, we provide a prospectus on various techniques that promise to reveal new sex-determining genes and regulatory interactions among these genes. We offer specific examples of novel candidate genes and a new signaling pathway in support of these techniques.
Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Novel Conformationally Restricted Triazole Derivatives

A series of new triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized on the basis of the active site of lanosterol 14α‐demethylase from Candida albicans (CACYP51). 2‐(2,4‐Difluorophenyl)‐3‐(methyl‐(3‐phenoxyalkyl)amino)‐1‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)propan‐2‐ols show excellent in‐vitro activity against most of the tested pathogenic fungi. The MIC80 value of compound 8a against Candida albicans is 0.01 μM, which provides a good starting template for further structural optimization. The binding modes of the designed compounds were investigated by flexible molecular docking. The compounds interacted with CACYP51 through hydrophobic, van‐der‐Waals, and hydrogen‐bonding interactions.
CYP 1 A 1 MspI and exon 7 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk : An updated meta-analysis and review

Background: Many studies have examined the association between the CYP1A1 MspI and exon 7 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in various populations, but their results have been inconsistent. Methods: To assess this relationship more precisely, a meta-analysis and review were performed. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI database was searched for case-control studies published up to June 2010. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Ultimately, 64 studies, comprising 18,397 subjects from 49 case-control studies of the MspI genotype and 18,518 patients from 40 case-control studies of the exon 7 genotype, were included. A significantly elevated lung cancer risk was associated with 2 MspI genotype variants (for type C vs Type A: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.12-1.42; for types B and C combined vs Type A: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.13-1.28) in overall population. In the stratified analysis, a significant association was found in Asians, Caucasians, lung SCC, lung AC and Male population, not in mixed population, lung SCLC and Female population. However, inconsistent results were observed for CYP1A1 exon7 in our meta-analysis, two variants of the exon 7 polymorphism were associated with a significantly higher risk for lung cancer (for Val/Val vs Ile/Ile: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.09-1.42; for (Ile/Val +Val/Val) vs Ile/Ile: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07-1.24) in overall population. In the stratified analysis, a significant assocation was found in Asians, Caucasians, lung SCC and Female population, not in mixed population, lung AD, lung SCLC and Male population. Additionally, a significant association was found in smoker population and not found in non-smoker populations for CYP1A1 MspI and exon7 gene. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that the MspI and exon 7 polymorphisms of CYP1A1 correlate with increased lung cancer susceptibility and there is an interaction between two genotypes of CYP1A1 polymorphism and smoking, but these associations vary in different ethnic populations, histological types of lung caner and gender of case and control population.
Comparison Between Nitazoxanide and Metronidazole in the Treatment of Protozoal Diarrhea in Children

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of illness and death in children worldwide. Diarrhea is caused by a blend of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens. Enteric protozoal infections such as giardiasis, amebiasis and cryptosporidiosis are among the most common and most prevalent forms of gastrointestinal parasitic infections worldwide. Both nitazoxanide and metronidazole are used in treatment of protozoal diarrhea. Nitazoxanide was found to have a very broad spectrum of activity against many forms of parasites. Metronidazole also produces good results when it is used for treatment of parasitic infections. The aim in this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of nitazoxanide and metronidazole in treatment of protozoal diarrhea in children. This study was carried out on 160 diarrheic patients (83 males and 77 females), aged from 1-11 years old collected from the-clinics of pediatric department at Beni suef University Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received Nitazoxanide 100 mg in 1-4 years aged patients and 200 mg in 4-11 years aged patients twice daily for 3 days respectively, Group B received Metronidazole 50 mg/Kg/body weight daily for 7 days. Patients were represented to full history taking, physical examination, laboratory investigations in the form of stool analysis, culture and complete blood count (CBC). There was a significant increase in the number of cases resolved by Nitazoxanide compared to Metronidazole group in both amebiasis and giardiasis (p-value < 0.05) with similar clinical improvement when using Nitazoxanide for 3 days and Metronidazole for 7 days. This study confirms the efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide as a 3-day treatment of diarrhea due to giardiasis & amebiasis in children. A 3-day course of nitazoxanide could replace much longer regimens of metronidazole
MR imaging of iron phagocytosis in intraluminal thrombi of abdominal aortic aneurysms in humans.

PURPOSE To prospectively determine if superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could help visualize leukocyte phagocytic activities in human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee; all patients gave informed consent. Preoperative MR imaging data, including unenhanced and SPIO-enhanced T1-, T2*-, and T2-weighted transverse images of the entire AAA, obtained 1 hour after contrast enhancement from 15 patients (mean age, 72.7 years +/- 8.2; range, 60-83 years), 10 men (mean age, 73.5 years +/- 7.9; range, 60-83 years) and five women (mean age, 71.2 years +/- 9.4; range 60-82), were retrospectively evaluated. Morphologic appearance and semiquantitative and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) analyses of the thrombi were performed. Thrombi were analyzed semiquantitatively at microscopy after staining with hematoxylin-eosin, CD68, and CD66b. Levels of promatrix metalloproteinase (pro-MMP)-2 and pro-MMP-9, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their mRNA located in the thrombus were assessed by using zymography and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Nonparametric statistics of the Spearman rank correlation were calculated to evaluate correlations between the aneurysm thrombus signal level decrease after SPIO and the levels of CD68(+), CD66b(+) cells, pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and MMP-9 mRNA. RESULTS The pre-SPIO CNRs in the luminal sublayer of the thrombus and the deeper thrombus were -10.20 +/- 12.69 and -5.68 +/-10.38, respectively. After SPIO, the CNRs decreased to -21.34 +/-13.07 (P < .001) and -12.44 +/- 14.56, respectively (P < .012). There was a significant linear correlation between the thrombus signal level decrease and the levels of CD68(+) and CD66b(+) cells, pro-MMP-9, and MMP-9 mRNA (P < .05). CONCLUSION MR imaging allows in vivo demonstration of SPIO uptake at the luminal interface of the thrombus. This uptake is correlated to the abundance of leukocytes. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.09090657/-/DC1.
Clinical Study on Cholera Patients in Babylon

We made a clinical study on 52 patients with acute diarrhea illness during the Epidemic of Cholera that was anticipated in the city of Hilla, Babylon Governorate, during the years 1998 and 1999 and a plan was made to manage these cases . During the period of epidemic any patient with acute diarrhea admitted to Merjan Teaching hospital,was screened by stool culture using alkaline sea water, TCBS media, confirmatory biochemical and serological tests using monovalent diagnostic antiserum of specific substrains including Ogawa, Inaba; any patient with negative culture excluded from the study. The result of the study showed that 20% of cases were sever at presentation, also the complications of sever cases were described including metabolic acidosis, renal f ailure and hypotension and case fatality was 1.9%. The study may conclude that: Cholera is still present in our country, the predominant strain 01, El-Tor, Ogawa . Early planning to control dehydration & management of complications will greatly reduce mortality.
Leveraging Mobile Interaction with Multimodal and Sensor-Driven User Interfaces

The dissertation investigates the potential and benefits of multimodal and sensor-driven (MUSED) interaction with the goal of leveraging the user experience with mobile devices in the context of Ubiquitous Computing. It presents an in-depth analysis of MUSED user interfaces for diverse application areas, based on exemplary implementations. Moreover, methods, tools, and best practices covering the entire development process of mobile multimodal systems are provided, from design over implementation to evaluation.
Mechanism-specific signatures for small-molecule p53 activators

Recent advances in the field of pharmacological activation of the p53 tumor suppressor are beginning to be translated into the clinic. In addition, small molecules that activate p53 through established mechanisms of action are proving invaluable tools for basic research. Here we analyze and compare the effects of nutlin-3, tenovin-6 and low doses of actinomycin-D on p53 and its main negative regulator, mdm2. We reveal striking differences in the speed at which these compounds increase p53 protein levels, with nutlin-3 having a substantial impact within minutes. We also show that nutlin-3 is very effective at increasing the synthesis of mdm2 mRNA, mdm2 being not only a modulator of p53 but also a transcriptional target. In addition, we show that nutlin-3 stabilizes mdm2’s conformation and protects mdm2 from degradation. These strong effects of nutlin-3 on mdm2 correlate with a remarkable rate of recovery of p53 levels upon removal of the compound. We discuss the potential application of our results as molecular signatures to assess the on-target effects of small-molecule mdm2 inhibitors. To conclude, we discuss the implications of our observations for using small-molecule p53 activators to reduce the growth of tumors retaining wild-type p53 or to protect normal tissues against the undesired side effects of conventional chemotherapy.
The effects of vigour on measures of obesity across time.

OBJECTIVES Past studies expected measures of obesity to be positively associated with positive affects. However, this hypothesis was not tested in reference to a specific positive affect. We tested the hypothesized unidirectional effects of measures of obesity on vigour, representing a positive affect, and of vigour on measures of obesity. DESIGN We used a longitudinal design, separately for men and women. Participants were 1,876 and 931 healthy men and women, respectively, examined at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2), about 2 years apart. METHODS Measures of obesity included body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Vigour was assessed by the Shirom-Melamed Vigour Measure. We used structural equation modelling to test our hypotheses. RESULTS We found that for both genders, T1 measures of obesity did not predict either T1 or T2 vigour. Among both genders, we found support for the effects of T1 vigour on T1 but not on T2 measures of obesity. CONCLUSIONS To the extent that the 'Jolly fat hypothesis' refers to the effects of measures of obesity on positive affects, we failed to support it for vigour as a positive affect. Vigour has contemporaneous but not longitudinal effects on body weight.