Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inverse modelling of CF4 and NF3 emissions in East Asia

Abstract. Decadal trends in the atmospheric abundances of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) have been well characterised and have provided a time series of global total emissions. Information on locations of emissions contributing to the global total, however, is currently poor. We use a unique set of measurements between 2008 and 2015 from the Gosan station, Jeju Island, South Korea (part of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment network), together with an atmospheric transport model, to make spatially disaggregated emission estimates of these gases in East Asia. Due to the poor availability of good prior information for this study, our emission estimates are largely influenced by the atmospheric measurements. Notably, we are able to highlight emission hotspots of NF3 and CF4 in South Korea due to the measurement location. We calculate emissions of CF4 to be quite constant between the years 2008 and 2015 for both China and South Korea, with 2015 emissions calculated at 4.3±2.7 and 0.36±0.11 Gg yr−1, respectively. Emission estimates of NF3 from South Korea could be made with relatively small uncertainty at 0.6±0.07 Gg yr−1 in 2015, which equates to ∼1.6 % of the country's CO2 emissions. We also apply our method to calculate emissions of CHF3 (HFC-23) between 2008 and 2012, for which our results find good agreement with other studies and which helps support our choice in methodology for CF4 and NF3.
Traditional Knowledge and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives of Herbal Medicine in India: a Review

Natural products are potent sources for healthcare management throughout the world in the areas of clinical and pharmaceutical research to discover new drugs in international pharmacopoeias. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with tribal practitioners in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India to explore the possibility of finding new uses of herbal medicine. The present paper aimed to review the medicinal importance of 24 plants that are mostly used by tribal people for the treatment of several diseases like respiratory, stomach, kidney disorders, diabetes, wound healings etc. Plants are potent sources of secondary metabolites that include alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, flavonides, steroids and other compounds. Some of the most commonly drugs in modern medical science such as atropine, berberine, digitalis and the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine originated from plants. Herbal medicines therefore are one of the best alternative methods in discovery and development of new drugs.
A Weak Signal Detection Method Based on Double Time Difference of Arrival Collaborative Mechanism

Considering the weak signal of partial radiant point, the traditional TDOA(Time Difference of Arrival) detector cannot meet the requirement. A weak signal detection method based on double time difference collaborative mechanism is proposed. In this thesis, the double time difference collaborative detector is designed, and theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation of the performance of the detector is implemented. Then the processing gain is given out. At last, the simulation has confirmed the performance of the detector. Keywords-correlation detection; weak signal detection; collaborative detection
Numerical approximations for the binary Fluid-Surfactant Phase Field Model with fluid flow: Second-order, Linear, Energy stable schemes

In this paper, we consider numerical approximations of a binary fluid-surfactant phase-field model coupled with the fluid flow, in which the system is highly nonlinear that couples the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and two Cahn-Hilliard type equations. We develop two, linear and second order time marching schemes for solving this system, by combining the "Invariant Energy Quadratization" approach for the nonlinear potentials, the projection method for the Navier-Stokes equation, and a subtle implicit-explicit treatment for the stress and convective terms. We prove the well-posedness of the linear system and its unconditional energy stability rigorously. Various 2D and 3D numerical experiments are performed to validate the accuracy and energy stability of the proposed schemes.
Biological effect of Lawsonia inermis plant

This study was compared the antimicrobial effectiveness of Lawsonia inermis plant extract (alcoholic, aqueous and silver nanoparticles) on the growth of different types of Gve+ bacteria and Gve- bacteria at concentration 80 mg /L. It was noted that the ( alcoholic, hot and cold water) extract have highest impact recorded in the growth of bacteria S.aurous with inhibition zone (26mm) followed by the bacteria P.aueroginosa at inhibition zone reached (22mm) and finally the yeast C. albicans at inhibition zone reached (17mm), while silver nano-particles of the plant extract the most influence on the bacteria, it gave the highest Inhibition area reached (30mm) on the growth of the S. aurous, followed by the inhibition area of P.aueroginosa reached (26mm) then Strep. pyogein (25mm), and finally the yeast C. albicans reached (18 mm). With regard to the complex (alcoholic extract and antibiotic Amoxylein) its effects has varied upon microorganisms, there is a synergistic effect on the growth of the yeast C. albicans at inhibition zone (30mm) while it has been observed inhibitory effect of this complex on the growth of p. aeroginosa with inhibition zone amounted to (15mm), but did not show any significant impact on the growth of both bacteria (K. pneumonia, E.coli Strep. Pyogein& P. aeroginosa,), while the (alcoholic extract and antibiotic Erythromycin) showed inhibitory and synergistically effect on each of the bacteria (E.coli, S. aurous, yeast C. albicans and P. aeroginosa) respectively. According to obtained results the antibiotic Erythromycin shows higher inhibitory effect than antibiotic Amoxylein. It has also been investigated the lower values of absorbance at the wavelength of 260 nm with increasing the concentration of crude alcoholic extract, this reveled the ability of henna extract in the removal of free radicals liberated from photolysis of hydrogen peroxide compound .
Some Remarks on Rovelli's "Why Gauge?"

Rovelli's "Why Gauge? " offers a parable to show that gauge-dependent quantities have a modal and relational physical significance. We subject the morals of this parable to philosophical scrutiny and argue that, while his overarching point stands, there are subtle disanalogies between his parable and our best gauge theories, e.g. Yang-Mills theory and General Relativity.
Effects of plant hormones and 20-hydroxyecdysone on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) seed germination and seedlings growth

20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the major phytoecdysteroid of about 6% of plants. Its role in plant physiology has not been fully elucidated. In this work we studied the effects of 20E application on some morphological and biochemical parameters of tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum, seed during germination and seedling development (5 d). We compared the 20E effects with the action of phytohormones: gibberellic acid (GA3), naftalen acetic acid (NAA), benzyl amino purine (BAP). NAA treatment resulted in marked reduction in shoot length. GA3 treatment promoted maximal shoot elongation. BAP affected negatively shoot length only at late stages, while 20E application stimulated shoot elongation at early stages and reduced it on the fifth day; NAA inhibited root elongation all along the test period. GA3 treatment had no effect on root length, whereas BAP showed strong inhibition on root elongation. On the other hand, 20E showed a weak inhibition of root elongation on the fifth day. As compared to control and to other treatments, NAA and 20E provoked a drastic decrease in protein contents during seedling growth, whereas a high increase was observed under BAP treatment. Electrophoresis revealed that protein bands were not degraded and mobilized after NAA treatment while in control or after 20E and others phytohormones applications, protein patters displayed weak band intensities and some of them were not detected. NAA, GA3 and BAP provoked a decrease in proline content during seedlings, while the effect of 20E on proline levels varied during germination and plantlet development. This work showed that 20E like phytohormones fulfil some bioactive actions during germination and seedlings growth in tomato.
‘URS Campestre’ seedless orange: a new mutant with female sterility

Seedlessness in fruit is a trait that is much sought after by juice making industries. Close to the city of Sao Sebastiao do Cai, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, a new mutant orange originating from natural mutation was identified and selected as a seedless material. To determine the mechanisms involved in the absence of seeds, the reproductive structures of this new mutant by comparison with a Valencia sweet orange as control, a cultivar with a profusion of seeds, was analyzed in terms of meiotic behavior, meiotic index, pollen viability, in vitro germination, and ovule features to determine the grounds for seed absence. Other morphological analyzes allowed for visualizing the structures of normal appearance and size in both cultivars. Meiotic analysis identified chromosome normal pairing with a predominance of bivalents at diakinesis and metaphase 1. URS Campestre flowers at different developmental stages had anthers and ovaries whose dimensions are typical while pollen grain analysis pointed to a standard developmental pattern, normal meiosis, high viability (84 %) and elevated in vitro pollen tube germination rates (63 %). The cv. Valencia and URS Campestre ovules had a similar shape and morphology, sharing an anatropous orientation, and two integuments. In the internal ovule analyses of Valencia sweet oranges, normal embryo sac cells were identified: presence of one egg cell and two synergids, three antipodes and a bigger and central cell containing two polar nuclei. However, the analysis of ovules from URS Campestre reveals an apparent senescence or non-formation of an embryo sac, where only a few highly stained and collapsed cells could be identified. These results led to the conclusion that female sterility in URS Campestre, with a total absence of a female gametophyte, is the limiting factor for fertilization and seed production.
Immunostimulatory Activity of Flavonoids Isolated From Stem Bark of Zizyphus Mauritiana

Immune system is the maintaining authority of the living system. Both innate and acquired immunity are extremely important for the maintenance of good health. A small defect in innate as well as acquired immunity can lead to serious problems and thus modulation of immune response to prevent infections is very important part of medical science. Numbers of synthetic immunostimulants are daily consumed by patients, but along with them unnecessarily side effects are also purchased. This is the reason why for most of the people Ayurveda is still the first choice. Zizyphus mauritiana, a plant rich with phytochemicals, was selected in the present investigation for evaluating its immunostimulatory activities. Extracts of the stem bark were prepared in various solvents. Chloroform extract was found to contain significant amount of flavonoids. Hence, it was selected to study immunostimulation. Adsorption column chromatography of chloroform extract was performed and most active fraction termed as Purified Fraction (PF) was isolated. The PF was seen to stimulate phagocytic index, lysosomal degranulation and lymphocyte as well as splenocyte proliferation.
Topical thrombin preparations and their use in cardiac surgery

Coagulopathic bleeding may lead to increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Topical bovine thrombin has been used to promote hemostasis after surgical procedures for over 60 years and is used frequently as a topical hemostatic agent in cardiac surgery. Recently, use of bovine thrombin has been reported to be associated with increased risk for anaphylaxis, thrombosis, and immune-mediated coagulopathy thought secondary to the production of antifactor V and antithrombin antibodies. In patients who develop bovine thrombin-induced immune-mediated coagulopathy, clinical manifestations may range from asymptomatic altera- tions in coagulation tests to severe hemorrhage and death. Patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures may be at increased risk for development of antibodies to bovine thrombin products and associated complications. This adverse immunologic profile has led to the development of alternative preparations including a human and a recombinant thrombin which have been shown to be equally efficacious to bovine thrombin and have reduced antigenicity. However, the potential benefit associated with reduced antigenicity is not truly known secondary to the lack of long-term experience with these products. Given the potentially higher margin of safety and less stringent storage concerns compared to human thrombin, recombinant thrombin may be the most reasonable approach in cardiac surgery.
Strategic Management as the Ideology of Power

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the key themes of strategic management from the perspective of Critical Management Studies [More: Sułkowski, 2012]. Strategic management seen as the most advanced and sophisticated form of targeting reseved only for the elite top menagement is interpreted by critical scholars as an ideology of power exercised by elites. The article presents the analysis of the foundations of the CMS, and then puts these issues in the field of strategic management.
Strategies of alignment

During periods of strategic change, maintaining the congruence between new configurations of resources and activities (strategic investments) and how these new configurations are communicated to external organizational constituents (strategic projections) is an important task facing organizational leaders. One part of this activity is to manage organizational identity to ensure that the various strategic projections produced by organizational members are coherent and support the new strategic investments. Little is known, however, about how organizational leaders accomplish this crucial task. This study of strategic change at Bang & Olufsen highlights the different strategies available to organizational leaders to ensure members’ identity beliefs are aligned with their own beliefs about the distinctive and appealing organizational features that result from the new strategic investments and result in appropriate strategic projections. The study’s findings highlight the internal identity work – or identity management – that organizational leaders engage in to preserve this congruence. The findings also complement the current emphasis in the literature on the social validation of organizational identities by pointing to the importance of a connection between identity claims and beliefs, strategic projections and the material reality of organizational products, practices and structures.
Performance of the PV Subsystems in Smart Micro Grid Sumba

Smart Micro Grid (SMG) Sumba is inaugurated in 2012. The SMG consists of sub-system PV of a-Si/μc-Si with capasity 500 kWp, smart generator of 2x135 kVA, VRB of 2x240 kWh, and sub-system control and data communication. The output of the SMG is connected to the grid at 20 kV. Sub-system PV is connected to the 5 unit’s inverter of PV-grid type with each power capacity of 100 kW. At the beginning of operation, sub-system PV is operated at maximum level (100%). Electrical power is about 400 kW-500 kW supplied to the grid in clear daytime continuously from 10:00-15:00. When it is cloudy, the electrical energy supplied to the grid varies according to fluctuations in the intensity of light on the surface of PV arrays. Base load during the daytime in Southwest Sumba Regency at the time is about 1.5 MW, meaning that the contribution of electric energy of PV array is almost 30%. The change of cloud abruptly causes the output of PV to drop significantly, which could lead to black out at the local grid because the generators of PLN are not able to cover the power loss immediately. These restrictions result in Sumba SMG can not be operated optimally. Local power company can not tolerate frequent black outs due to the fluctuating of power injection from PV array. Over time some of the components of VRB are damaged so that the VRB is not enabled. Then, the SMG is applied to the extent of PV-grid connections, with the restriction of the power output of PV array at a rate of 30%, or power supplies 150 kW continuously during the daytime. As the SMG has been operated for about four years, the performance of the PV array has degraded about 20%-30%. The changes evidenced in the form of an electric current-voltage curves of PV module are measured by Sun-Simulator. In this paper, it is also discussed general information about the SMG system built in Southwest Sumba Regency, and specifically reviewing the performance of the sub-systems PV since it was built until now.
The anatomy of swearing

Linguistics is a field of science providing an alternative way for having an insight into the human brain and its processes. Swearing, being fundamental to human behaviour, is a very voluminous field which offers a psychological as well as physiological release. Focusing on taboo-language and gender-related differences in the language production, this paper will hopefully offer an alternative way for “picking brains” by following the changes in the brain which occur when people swear. In this paper we will address the hypoalgesic effect of swearing and the taboo-language production among patients affected by aphasia and Alzheimer’s disease, following the research by a team from the UCLA Easton Center for Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, shedding light on the double standard for how we regard profanity, this paper also aims to explore how we judge women more harshly for using profanity than men. Could it be that we pay more attention to profane women because we do not expect their language to be indecorous? Our brain depicts profane men as annoying; profane women, on the other hand, as tawdry. Exploring the idea of profanity standing for intimacy and a pain-relief device, this paper also explains that both men and women should be capable of using profanity without being looked down upon. Although our research into this topic as non-(bio)medical students mostly relies on a (neuro)linguistic approach to speech as one of the basic human characteristics, we aim to provide a different perspective on observing the processes that occur in the brain through language.
Accumulation Pattern of Flavonoids in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes grown in a low-latitude and high-altitude Region

Particular climate conditions in a low-latitude and high-altitude region endow grape berries with distinctive quality characteristics. So far, few reports have been concerned with the formation of berry flavour in such a region. This study aimed to investigate the accumulation pattern of flavonoids in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries growing at different altitudes of the highland in southwest China in two consecutive vintages. In addition to the 3-O-monoglucosides and 3-O-acyl monoglucosides of the five main anthocyanidins (delphinidin, cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin and malvidin), some uncommon anthocyanins, such as three diglucosides of anthocyanidins and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, were detected in the grape berries. Higher altitude cultivation greatly promoted the production of anthocyanins and flavonols, particularly cyanidintype anthocyanins and quercetin-type flavonols from the F3’H branch of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Flavan-3-ols from both branches were comparatively less influenced by vineyard altitude. Vintage in this high-altitude region also had a dramatic influence on the accumulation of flavonoids. Most of the anthocyanin and flavonol components were affected more by vineyard altitude than by vintage, whereas the accumulation of flavan-3-ols differed mainly between vintages. The present data will not only improve the understanding of flavonoid accumulation in grapes from a high-altitude region with different climates, but also provide practical guidance for the production of high-quality grapes and wine.
Low-level and high-level processing in reading

Correspondence: Patrick Quercia 15 rue du Clair Matin F-21200 Beaune, France Tel +333 802 468 74 Fax +333 802 411 39 Email docteur.quercia@neuf.fr Abstract: Developmental dyslexia affects almost 10% of school-aged children and represents a significant public health problem. Its etiology is unknown. The consistent presence of phonological difficulties combined with an inability to manipulate language sounds and the grapheme–phoneme conversion is widely acknowledged. Numerous scientific studies have also documented the presence of eye movement anomalies and deficits of perception of low contrast, low spatial frequency, and high frequency temporal visual information in dyslexics. Anomalies of visual attention with short visual attention spans have also been demonstrated in a large number of cases. Spatial orientation is also affected in dyslexics who manifest a preference for spatial attention to the right. This asymmetry may be so pronounced that it leads to a veritable neglect of space on the left side. The evaluation of treatments proposed to dyslexics whether speech or oriented towards the visual anomalies remains fragmentary. The advent of new explanatory theories, notably cerebellar, magnocellular, or proprioceptive, is an incentive for ophthalmologists to enter the world of multimodal cognition given the importance of the eye’s visual input.
The Mediator Effect of National Culture on the Relationship Between Soft-Hard Total Quality Management and Organizational Performance

Soft-hard total quality management comprises of the utility of human resource management- style personnel policies to product commitment to quality and a management ideology that supports cultural change maxims, continuous improvement and customer satisfaction. The aim of the paper is to determine the mediator effect of national culture on the relationship between soft-hard total quality management and organizational performance in municipalities. A quantitative research design was adopted to collect data. Multiple regression analysis method was used to conduct this study. The findings of the study will contribute to both theory and practice. The results of this study have important contributions and implications for practitioners and policy-makers in these five developing countries. Empirical evidence revealed that soft-hard total quality management has relationship with performance. The findings also implied that soft-hard total quality management has positively relation with performance, and there is difference in organizational performance mean between all these countries.
Effect of Reynolds number on the eddy structure in a lid-driven cavity

SUMMARY In this paper we apply a finite volume method, together with a cost-effective segregated solution algorithm, to solve for the primitive velocities and pressure in a set of incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. The well-categorized workshop problem of lid-driven cavity flow is chosen for this exercise, and results focus on the Reynolds number. Solutions are given for a depth-to-width aspect ratio of 1:1 and a span-to width aspect ratio of 3:1. Upon increasing the Reynolds number, the flows in the cavity of interest were found to comprise a transition from a strongly two-dimensional character to a truly three-dimensional flow and, subsequently, a bifurcation from a stationary flow pattern to a periodically oscillatory state. Finally, viscous (Tollmien‐Schlichting) travelling wave instability further induced