Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Scintillation well counters and particle counting digital autoradiography devices can be used to detect activities associated with genomic profiling adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained after a low activity 18 F-FDG injection.

PURPOSE Genomic profiling of biopsied tissue is the basis for precision cancer therapy. However, biopsied materials may not contain sufficient amounts of tumor deoxyribonucleonic acid needed for the analysis. We propose a method to determine the adequacy of specimens for performing genomic profiling by quantifying their metabolic activity. METHODS We estimated the average density of tumor cells in biopsy specimens needed to successfully perform genomic analysis following the Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) protocol from the minimum amount of deoxyribonucleonic acid needed and the volume of tissue typically used for analysis. The average 18 F-FDG uptake per cell was assessed by incubating HT-29 adenocarcinoma tumor cells in 18 F-FDG containing solution and then measuring their activity with a scintillation well counter. Consequently, we evaluated the response of two devices around the minimum expected activities which would indicate genomic profiling adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained under 18 F-FDG PET/CT guidance. Surrogate samples obtained using 18G core needle biopsies of gels containing either 18 F-FDG-loaded cells in the expected concentrations or the corresponding activity were measured using autoradiography and a scintillation well counter. Autoradiography was performed using a CCD-based device with real-time image display as well as with digital autoradiography imaging plates following a 30-min off-line protocol for specimen activity determination against previously established calibration. RESULTS Cell incubation experiments and estimates obtained from quantitative autoradiography of biopsy specimens (QABS) indicate that specimens acquired under 18 F-FDG PET/CT guidance that contained the minimum amount of cells needed for genomic profiling would have an average activity concentration in the range of about 3 to about 9 kBq/mL. When exposed to specimens with similar activity concentration, both a CCD-based autoradiography device and a scintillation well counter produced signals with sufficient signal-to-background ratio for specimen genomic adequacy identification in less than 10 min, which is short enough to allow procedure guidance. CONCLUSION Scintillation well counter measurements and CCD-based autoradiography have adequate sensitivity to detect the tumor burden needed for genomic profiling during 18 F-FDG PET/CT-guided 18G core needle biopsies of liver adenocarcinoma metastases.
Group work of distributed microactuators

SUMMARY This paper proposes and demonstrates a method toobtain macroscopic work out of distributed microactuatorsfabricated by IC-compatible micromachiningprocesses. We have coordinated the simple and smallmotion of microactuators in order to perform a task. Theconcept and a control scheme are discussed first. In orderto show the feasibility, the fabrication and operation ofarrayed microactuators for conveyors are described. One uses thermally driven cantilevers and the other uses controlled air flow from micronozzles to carry flat objects.
Improving study design for antidepressant effectiveness assessment

Antidepressants effectiveness in major depressive disorder (MDD) is still questioned because the extrapolation of randomized controlled trial (RCT) results to “real life” settings is problematic. The application of the RCT paradigm in a disorder of this type, where global care plays a central role, raises questions regarding the internal and external validity of this type of study. Outcome measurement, attrition rates, the ability of the double‐blind design to control for expectations, placebo response, the representativeness of trial participants and publication bias are major methodological pitfalls. This review discusses these issues. It is illustrated using original data and proposes some alternatives for assessing antidepressant effectiveness via different approaches. Some are easy to implement, such as ecological measures, qualitative approaches, improvement of analytical strategy and improvement of blinding procedures. Some are sophisticated, involving temporary deception to deal with the confounding effect of expectations, and they raise ethical issues. Others resort to external validity, this being the case in observational studies. But all are necessary to explore antidepressant effectiveness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal of Neuroscience Methods

(cid:2) We describe a novel method to deliver test substances directly into the ischemic area of the brain during stroke in rats. (cid:2) This method provides a powerful tool in the pre-clinical testing of ischemic stroke therapies. (cid:2) We validate our method by comparing the amount of dye present in the ischemic brain after intra-arterial verses intravenous administration routes. (cid:2) We have successfully used this method in over 100 rats.
Modelling of a logarithmic parameter adaptation law for adaptive control of mechanical manipulators

In the paper, a new adaptive control law for controlling robot manipulators is derived based on the Lyapunov theory; trigonometric functions are used for the derivation of the parameter estimation law. In this note, we have derived a logarithmic parameter estimation law based on a previous paper, and the boundedness of tracking error has been shown.
Are services to tennessee children with special health care needs comparable with national achievement of MCHB objectives?

OBJECTIVE We assessed experiences of families with children with special health care needs already engaged with Tennessee Children's Special Services or a family advocacy agency, family voices, and compared their experiences with national data to determine achievement of national maternal-child health objectives. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Using a descriptive/comparison design, Tennessee families engaged with the state or advocacy agency (n = 816) were compared with the 2005-2006 sample of the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (n = 40,840) and the Tennessee subsample (n = 794). MEASURES Primary data were obtained from a survey of families associated with either Tennessee agency. Secondary data analysis used raw data from the national survey. RESULTS All families reported challenges related to time, finances, and family interactions. Most were satisfied with health care services received. Dental care was an issue for all families, but more so for the agencies' sample. Those families also reported more problems with continuous screenings of their affected child and less coordination of care than the national sample. CONCLUSIONS Examining the experiences of families with special needs children who receive services from state agencies in the national context contributes to improving family-centered services and achieving Maternal-Child Health Bureau objectives.
Predicting utilization of formal and informal help among general hospital inpatients with alcohol use disorders

Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to identify predictors of utilizing formal and informal help among currently non‐help‐seeking individuals with alcohol use disorders. Methods: Data was based on 197 general hospital inpatients with alcohol dependence or abuse. Using multivariable logistic regression analyses, intention to utilize formal help was tested in addition to evidence based predictors of utilization of help. Results: Intention to seek help and prior help‐seeking were identified as central predictors for formal and informal help‐seeking. Conclusions: The lack of utilization of formal help among persons with alcohol use disorders may be reduced by focusing professional interventions on enhancing help‐seeking motivation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Student nurses' risk perceptions of home environmental hazards.

OBJECTIVE This study described nursing students' perceptions of home health risks. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Nursing students (N = 254) at two large urban universities completed a cross-sectional survey during the 2011-2013 academic years. MEASURES From a list of 22 common home health hazards, students identified what they perceived as the three: (a) most dangerous hazards, (b) most common hazards in their state, (c) hazards most likely to be present in their current home, and (d) hazards they would most afraid to find in their home. Students also rated perceived dangerousness of the hazards, how healthy they perceived their home to be, and the perceived effect of their home on their own health. RESULTS Tobacco smoke, asbestos, and cleaning products were the most commonly identified home hazards. Individual characteristics, hazard experiences in personal homes, and university geographic location (state) were associated with perceptions of home hazards. Students who identified hazards in their own homes were more likely to identify them as hazards in general and for their own state. CONCLUSIONS These results fill a foundational knowledge gap by describing the risk perceptions of near-future health care providers about home environmental hazards.
Testing a Prosthetic Haptic Feedback Simulator With an Interactive Force Matching Task

Prosthetic technology is a prime candidate for the integration of sensory feedback. Functional user testing of various haptic feedback modes is a necessary step to encourage commercial adoption. A haptic feedback simulator, using both a visual and vibrotactile representation of force, is coupled with an interactive force-matching task. This task provides an objective means to assess control of grasp force at three different target force levels. Results from eight subjects using a myoelectric prosthetic device show that visual feedback of force improved user performance at all force levels by reducing average force-matching error by 65%. Vibrotactile feedback led to improved performance in an experienced subgroup of subjects, showing 25% error reduction at the medium target force level. Furthermore, multiple practice sessions with the simulator are shown to reduce error rates. These findings suggest that prosthesis users may be able to improve their control of grasping force with a haptic feedback system. A haptic feedback simulator, such as the platform described here, will allow prosthesis users to practice with and customize the feedback to improve functionality and comfort.
Views of Luba-Kasai Men, Zambia, about Prevention of HIV Transmission to Babies.

OBJECTIVE This study describes the views of Luba-Kasai men (a Congolese tribe living in Lusaka Province, Zambia) about different methods through which they can prevent their babies from being exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy, delivery and feeding. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Individual semi-structured interview study with a sample of Luba-Kasai refugee men (n = 21). MEASURES Data were translated into English and analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Two methods of prevention emerged: (1) Outside support (pastoral support, e.g., maintaining a spiritual outlook on life, and support from the public health service); and (2) Adopting safe practices around their own and their families' lifestyle. CONCLUSION Additional attention to male participation in antenatal clinics may strengthen prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV.
CURE OF TYPHOID CARRIERS

Typhoid carrier control presents one of the most troublesome of public health administrative problems. It is easy to say that such carriers should not be allowed to handle food for the consumption of others, yet application of this principle is often difficult if food handling is the only livelihood that the individual has. Too close surveillance may accomplish nothing further than to drive the carrier under cover, only to reappear in connection with further cases. To the administrator, therefore, any means of dealing effectively with such a carrier is just as valuable a tool as is the epidemiologic procedure that brought his existence to light. Subsidy of carriers, the offering of an official reward for good behavior and abstinence from food handling has been attempted in some states. At best it can hardly be held out as an ideal solution, since it must always fall short of the normal earning
CLASSIFICATION OF CONGENITAL CLEFTS OF THE LIP AND PALATE: WITH A SUGGESTION FOR RECORDING THESE CASES

The group plan for the description, discussion and recording of cases of congenital cleft of the lip and palate has recently received considerable attention from those especially interested in the subject; but we believe that it is of so much importance that it should be advocated more strongly if its general adoption is anticipated. The growth of the plan has been gradual, suggestions being received here and there from our associates, and particularly from the late Dr. H. M. Sherman of San Francisco, whose definitions of the groups are so exact in wording and direct in form that we believe they will, with slight simplification, become the most important feature of the scheme. It is now generally accepted, by those who have given thought to the matter, that the term "harelip" should be discarded, and that the deformity thus named should be called "congenital cleft of the lip. " Analysis of
Reply: Towards a better liver transplant allocation system

I give my sincere apologies to Professor Burroughs and his team, who have been true leaders in the field of liver transplantation, for not quoting their excellent research article in my article. In my defense, I submitted my article to Liver Transplantation in August 2005 without being aware of their article, which was published in January 2006. I agree with Professor Burroughs and his team that the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score can probably predict mortality in patients with cirrhosis as well as the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score can. The MELD score is appealing because it is less prone to exaggeration by overzealous physicians trying to expedite liver transplantation for their patients. Also, the MELD score can be ascertained with relative accuracy even retrospectively (provided that measures of bilirubin, creatinine, and the international normalized ratio are available), and this facilitates epidemiologic and resource allocation studies. A perfect liver transplant allocation system should, in theory, achieve the following testable goals:
Photodynamic Tumor Eradication With a Novel Targetable Photosensitizer: Strong Vascular Effects and Dependence on Treatment Repetition Versus Potentiation

A novel pyropheophorbide‐a (PPa) derivative, Ac‐sPPp, was developed in our lab for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) and combination therapies. Its versatile peptide moiety, high water‐solubility, amphiphilicity, and micellar aggregation allow efficient coupling to targeting moieties and convenient mixing with other therapeutics. Photosensitizer immunoconjugate (PIC) targeted PDT, using Ac‐sPPp conjugated to therapeutic anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab, and PDT + chemotherapy combination treatment, using Ac‐sPPp mixed with stealth liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil), were investigated as promising strategies for potentiating PDT and improving target specificity. Passively targeted PDT with Ac‐sPPp only or surfactant‐solubilized PPa was also investigated for comparison. The A‐431 human vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, xenografted in nude mice, was chosen as a tumor model because of its high EGFR expression and sensitivity to liposomal doxorubicin in vitro. Fluorescence imaging and PDT experiments showed that Ac‐sPPp formulations circulated far longer and provided superior tumor contrast and superior tumor control compared to PPa. Strong PDT vascular effects were observed by laser Doppler imaging regardless of whether Ac‐sPPp was passively or actively targeted. Passively targeted Ac‐sPPp PDT gave equivalent or better tumor control than PIC‐targeted PDT or PDT + Doxil combination therapy, and when treatments were repeated, it also yielded the highest cure rate.
Analysis of Two Kinds of Tree as Physical Barriers Against Erythemal UVB Radiation Received

Differences between global radiation UVER (erythemal ultraviolet solar radiation) received under full sun and diffuse radiation received under the shadow of two types of tree are analyzed to check the importance of these components on human exposure to UV radiation. Blue Line spores dosimeters of VioSpor were used for measurement of erythemal dose of UV radiation (able to produce erythema in human skin.) The response profile of these devices is extremely similar to human skin, thus they are suitable to determine and predict the interactions between UV erythema and human skin. Measurements were obtained in relatively clear days from February to December 2009 between 9:30 and 15:30 h. Three dosimeters were placed on a horizontal surface: one in full sun and the other two under the shadow of each tree. Values of UVER in both cases, in full sun and under the shadow of pine and Sauce, were obtained. In addition, the comparison was made between values of dose received in each case and the exposure limits recommended by the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Finally, average daily irradiance received under the shadow of each tree in comparison with those received in full sun, was also analyzed using two PMA2100 radiometers situated on a horizontal surface.
Species‐Specific Responses to Combined Thermal‐irradiance Stress in Microalgae – “Each is to its Own”

This article is a highlight of the study by Stamenkovic and Hanelt in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology describing the high‐irradiance photophysiology of several strains of freshwater chlorophyte microalgal genus, Cosmarium. These strains exhibit distinct differences in how combined thermal‐ high irradiance stress is managed which can be related to the temperature and irradiance conditions of their native habitat.
Superresolution Imaging with Switchable Fluorophores Based on Oxazine Auxochromes

The spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopes is limited by diffraction to about half of the light wavelength, hampering the observation of many important intracellular processes. Recent emerging techniques have overcome that diffraction barrier using the temporal discrimination of close objects that are otherwise unresolved or blurred within the spatial resolution of the microscope. The key of these techniques is to switch the signal of fluorescence markers on and off exploiting their distinct molecular states, and detect and localize these markers at the single‐molecule level. This underlying principle highlights the critical role of the photophysical properties of the probes, and the importance of finding adequate switching mechanisms. Here, we present strategies to achieve fluorescence modulation based on novel molecular assemblies containing a [1,3]oxazine as the two states, building block responsible for the transformation. Two different triggering events, based on the photochromic and halochromic properties of the oxazine, induce a large absorption and emission bathochromic shift of a pendant fluorophore, as the ultimate fluorescence switching event. The implementation of these approaches to achieve spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit is also discussed.
Competitive binding exchange between alkali metal ions (K+, Rb+, and Cs+) and Na+ ions bound to the dimeric quadruplex [d(G4T4G4)]2: a 23Na and 1H NMR study

A comparative study of the competitive cation exchange between the alkali metal ions K+, Rb+, and Cs+ and the Na+ ions bound to the dimeric quadruplex [d(G4T4G4)]2 was performed in aqueous solution by a combined use of the 23Na and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The titration data confirm the different binding affinities of these ions for the G‐quadruplex and, in particular, major differences in the behavior of Cs+ as compared to the other ions were found. Accordingly, Cs+ competes with Na+ only for the binding sites at the quadruplex surface (primarily phosphate groups), while K+ and Rb+ are also able to replace sodium ions located inside the quadruplex. Furthermore, the 1H NMR results relative to the CsCl titration evidence a close approach of Cs+ ions to the phosphate groups in the narrow groove of [d(G4T4G4)]2. Based on a three‐site exchange model, the 23Na NMR relaxation data lead to an estimate of the relative binding affinity of Cs+ versus Na+ for the quadruplex surface of 0.5 at 298 K. Comparing this value to those reported in the literature for the surface of the G‐quadruplex formed by 5′‐guanosinemonophosphate and for the surface of double‐helical DNA suggests that topology factors may have an important influence on the cation affinity for the phosphate groups on DNA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coencapsulation of Butyl‐Methoxydibenzoylmethane and Octocrylene into Lipid Nanocarriers: UV Performance, Photostability and in vitro Release

The coencapsulation of two UV filters, butyl‐methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) and octocrylene (OCT), into lipid nanocarriers was explored to develop stable cosmetic formulations with broad‐spectrum photoprotection and slow release properties. Different types of nanocarriers in various concentrations of the two UV filters were tested to find the combination with the best absorption and release properties. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been the two types of lipid nanocarriers used. The NLCs were based on either medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or squalene (Sq). The following physicochemical properties of the nanocarriers have been evaluated: particle size, morphology, zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, and thermal behavior. The nanocarriers have been formulated into creams containing low amounts of UV filters (2.5% BMDBM and 1% OCT). The best photoprotection results were obtained with the cream based on NLCs prepared with MCT, having a sun protection factor (SPF) of 17.2 and an erythemal UVA protection factor (EUVA–PF) of 50.8. The photostability of the encapsulated BMDBM filter was confirmed by subjecting the nanocarriers‐based creams to in vitro irradiation. The prolonged UV‐protection efficacy was coupled with a slow in vitro release of the synthetic UV filters, which followed the Higuchi release model.
Development of a whole arm wearable robotic exoskeleton for rehabilitation and to assist upper limb movements

SUMMARY To assist physically disabled people with impaired upper limb function, we have developed a new 7-DOF exoskeleton-type robot named Motion Assistive Robotic-Exoskeleton for Superior Extremity (ETS-MARSE) to ease daily upper limb movements and to provide effective rehabilitation therapy to the superior extremity. The ETS-MARSE comprises a shoulder motion support part, an elbow and forearm motion support part, and a wrist motion support part. It is designed to be worn on the lateral side of the upper limb in order to provide naturalistic movements of the shoulder (vertical and horizontal flexion/extension and internal/external rotation), elbow (flexion/extension), forearm (pronation/supination), and wrist joint (radial/ulnar deviation and flexion/extension). This paper focuses on the modeling, design, development, and control of the ETS-MARSE. Experiments were carried out with healthy male human subjects in whom trajectory tracking in the form of passive rehabilitation exercises (i.e., pre-programmed trajectories recommended by a therapist/clinician) were carried out. Experimental results show that the ETS-MARSE can efficiently perform passive rehabilitation therapy.