Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A modified impulse-response representation of the global response to carbon dioxide emissions

Projections of the response to anthropogenic emission scenarios, evaluation of some greenhouse gas metrics, and estimates of the social cost of carbon often require a simple model that links emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to atmospheric concentrations and global temperature changes. An essential requirement of such a model is to reproduce the behaviour of more complex Earth System Models as well as an ability to sample their range of response in a transparent, accessible and reproducible form. Here we adapt the simple model of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5th Assessment Report 5 (IPCC-AR5) to explicitly represent the state-dependence of the CO2 airborne fraction. Our adapted model (FAIR) reproduces the range of behaviour shown in full and intermediate complexity Earth System Models under several idealised carbon-cycle experiments. We find that a simple linear increase in 100-year integrated airborne fraction with cumulative carbon uptake and global temperature change is both necessary and sufficient to represent the response of the climate system to CO2 on a range of timescales and under a range of experimental designs. 10
Facile synthesis of mesoporous detonation nanodiamond-modified layers of graphitic carbon nitride as photocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) may contribute substantially to energy resources in the future through solar energy conversion. In this study, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) layers modified by detonation nanodiamond (DND) were synthesized by condensation from urea to obtain a robust and efficient hybrid (g-C3N4–DND) photocatalyst for the HER. Our characterizations revealed that no significant structural changes occurred in g-C3N4 during the synthesis of the g-C3N4–DND hybrid. Compared with pure g-C3N4, hydrogen production increased by almost 50% when using the hybrid photocatalyst due to the synergetic effect of the enhanced charge transfer, high surface area and low recombination rate of the photogenerated charge carriers.
Effects of School-based Smoking Prevention Education by Physician After Eight Years: A School Randomized Controlled Trial

Numerous studies have examined whether school-based smoking prevention education for minors reduces smoking rates, but consensus has not been established. Moreover, there are few reports about non-smoking classes offered by physicians with long-term results. Volunteer doctors have provided tobacco prevention classes in Kanazawa, Japan since 1998. The aim of this article is to assess whether the education by physicians was effective after eight years. A community area having 14 elementary schools was selected for this study. The study groups comprised randomized schools receiving the 45 minutes non-smoking education by physicians for 12-year-old sixth graders once a year and control schools with no intervention during three years from 2007 to 2009. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 4,014 (1,615 educated and 2,399 control) students. After eight years, a questionnaire survey on the smoking behaviors of 20-year-old young adults within the community was conducted and 1,634 (631 educated and 1,003 control) replies were collected. The smoking rates of the two groups were compared. At the eight-year follow-up, the smoking rates in the educated group significantly decreased compared to those in the control, especially among males. The school-based smoking prevention education by physicians was effective in reducing the smoking rates among 12-year-old students 8 years later.
Cumulative disadvantage over the life course and depression among older adults: a cross-national perspective

The study considers the effects of accumulation of disadvantage over the life course in three key domains of life, health, socioeconomic status and adverse experiences, on later life depression, focussing on differentials between genders and across European populations. Information on 23816 persons aged 50+ has been used from wave 2 (cross-sectional material) and wave 3 (retrospective) of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Cumulative health disadvantage seems to have the greatest relative effect for both sexes and across Europe. Males are more affected by poor health and socioeconomic adversity whereas for females, adverse experiences have a stronger effect. In several countries cumulative adverse experiences are more important compared to cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage; the first seems of greater consequence in Poland and Ireland while the latter mainly in Southern Europe. The study shows that accumulation of disadvantage over the life course significantly predicts depression across European countries.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge and Their Beliefs Towards Inclusive Education: Implications for Teacher Education Programme

Today’s classrooms in Nigerian schools are witnessing heterogeneous student populations. With this current classroom nature, teachers feel generally ill-prepared and are unwilling to accommodate disadvantaged students. According to research findings, unfortunately, disadvantaged students were usually excluded during classroom instruction. Consequently, this resulted in reduced learning opportunities, stigmatization and social exclusion. Thus, this paper investigated pre-service teachers’ level of knowledge about inclusive education and explored their beliefs towards inclusive education. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive study design was adopted. The sample for the study consisted of 166 pre-service science teachers who were drawn from the population of special education undergraduate students from a tertiary institution using the stratified random sampling technique. The study utilized two validated questionnaires, Teachers’ Knowledge about Inclusive Education Test (TKIET), and True-False Twenty-oneItem Test and Teachers’ Belief towards Inclusive Education (TBIS) which is structured on a 5-point Likert scale to elicit the information from the respondents. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study indicated that (1) pre-service teachers had a moderate knowledge about inclusive education and (2) pre-service teachers held positive beliefs about the effectiveness of inclusive education. Major conclusions which arise from this study are that pre-service special education teachers in Nigeria had moderate knowledge about inclusive education. In spite of their moderate knowledge about inclusive education they exhibited positive beliefs about the effectiveness of inclusive education.
The Potential Mechanism of ZFX Involvement in Cell Growth

Background: The zinc-finger X linked (ZFX) gene encodes a transcription factor that acts as a regulator of self-renewal of stem cells. Due to the role of ZFX in cell growth, understanding ZFX protein-protein interactions helps to clarify its proper biological functions in signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to define ZFX protein-protein interactions and the role of ZFX in cell growth. Materials and Methods: The PIPs output includes three interacting proteins with ZFX: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I (EIF3I), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (EIF3G) and protein nuclear pore and COPII coat complex component homolog isoform 3 (SEC13L1). Results: As a cargo and transmembrane protein interacting with Sec13, eIF3I and eIF3G, ZFX mediates cargo sorting in COPII vesicles at ER exit sites. While traveling to cis-Golgi, eIF3I is phosphorylated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Proteins transport by COPI vesicles to the nucleusouter site layer containing SEC13 via the contribution of microtubules. EIF3G and eIF3I interact with coatomer protein complex subunit beta 2 (COPB2) that helps to enclose ZFX in COPI vesicle. ZFX and eIF3G enter nucleolus where activation of transcription from pre rDNA genes occurs. Conclusion: We proposed a model in which ZFX is involved in cell growth by promoting the transcription of rDNA genes.
Tumorigenicity of Ascites-Derived Tumor Cells: Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of Ovarian Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance

Background: Ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells disseminate primarily intraperitoneally. Here, detached tumor cell aggregates (spheroids) from the primary tumor are generally regarded as “metastatic units”, which exhibit a survival benefit, probably due to the protective microenvironment and their unique molecular characteristics. Hence, current therapeutic concepts such as classical chemotherapy are not sufficient preventing growth and spread of OvCa spheroids. Methods: In the current study we analyzed the cellular composition of ascites from ovarian cancer patients using flow cytometry and the tumorigenic potential of the different subpopulations in an intraperitoneal mouse model. Comparative transcriptome analyses (RNAseq) from ascites-derived tumor cells spheroids (n=10) vs. tumor samples from different metastatic sites (n=30) were further performed in order to identify key molecular players responsible for the special cellular characteristics of OvCa spheroids. Results: In vitro culture of ascites-derived cells gave rise to two different subpopulations: an adherent cell population (ADs) including mainly CD90+ cells with highly proliferative rates in vitro but no tumorigenic potential in vivo, and a non-adherent cell population (NADs) containing principally EpCAM+/CD24+ cells with low proliferative potential in vitro. NADs included cell aggregates and single cells, the first showing a high content (> 80%) of tumor cells (EpCAM+/CD24+). Enriched tumor cell spheroids from the ascites using cell strainers showed higher tumorigenic potential in vivo in comparison to the original ascites-derived cell population. Interestingly, the different metastatic spread patterns observed in the mice resembled the tumor dissemination pattern found in the corresponding patients. RNAseq analyses from tumor-spheroids revealed up-regulation of genes involved in chemoresistance (TGM1, HSPAs, MT1s), cell-adhesion and cell barrier (PKP3, CLDNs, PPL) and the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process compared to the solid tumor tissue samples. Additionally, down-regulation of extracellular matrix components and angiogenesis-related genes could be observed. Targeting OXPHOS by metformin treatment led to reduced viability of ascites-derived spheroids from OvCa patients, showing to some extent a synergistic effect with cisplatin treatment. Conclusions: the actual study contributes to a better understanding of the biology of ovarian cancer spheroids and to the identification of new treatment opportunities in advanced ovarian cancer.
Pronósticos de empleo formal urbano

¿Se puede lograr el “empleo pleno y productivo para todos” en el 2030, según el Objetivo de Desarrollo 8 de la ONU? El asunto se evaluó para 62 ciudades colombianas, utilizandodatos administrativos. Las ciudades más grandes tienen tasas de ocupación formal más altas porque la creación de empleo formal está restringida a la disponibilidad de las habilidade necesarias en sectores complejos, un proceso dependiente de la trayectoria. Sehicieron pronósticos alternativos utilizando ols y algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. Resultados: el porcentaje de la población en edad de trabajar con un empleo formal aumentará entre 13 y 32 puntos porcentuales, lo que es insuficiente para alcanzar la meta. La coherencia entre los métodos es buena para las grandes ciudades, no para las pequeñas.
Why do Leprosy patients default treatment; Evidence from Sri Lanka

ABSTRACT Introduction Leprosy is a major health issue in the Western Province despite Sri Lanka achieving the national elimination target and the Western province records the highest number of cases. Considerable number of Leprosy patients default treatment. There are many socio-economic factors, needs and gaps and identification of these factors and reasons for defaulting will be important to develop and change strategies to address the gaps in service provision for defaulters. Objective The research was carried out with the objective of identifying the reasons for defaulting among adult leprosy patients in the Western Province, Sri Lanka. Methods A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted to identify the underlying reasons for defaulting among a group of treatment defaulters and patients on regular treatments. Selection of subjects was done using purposive sampling method. In depth interviews were conducted at the household level for defaulters and clinic level for patients on regular treatment. Results The underlying reasons for defaulting identified in the in-depth interviews included; poor knowledge, stigma, low income, side effects of the drugs, substance abuse, early disappearance of skin patches, work commitments, change in the residence, long waiting time and poor care giver support. Conclusions There are many socio-economic reasons which should be addressed by the government at least for patients who have defaulted. The public health system which is well established at the grass root level should be more utilized to tract the defaulters and support them to re-start treatment. From the onset, patients should be well educated to continue treatment. Further studies should be carried out to explore the association of substance abuse and defaulting. Key words: Leprosy, Defaulting, Stigma, Service provision
APLIKASI PEMBATASAN AREA VIRTUAL (GEOFENCE) UNTUK PEMANTAUAN AKTIFITAS ANAK-ANAK MENGGUNAKAN SMARTPHONE DAN SMART WATCH

Monitoring the movement of children is needed by parents to avoid things that are not desirable. GPS technology can be used to carry out surveillance via cellphones combined with virtual area restrictions (geofence) to increase supervision when parents are not near their children. This virtual area limitation will help provide automatic signals to parents when children move outside the permitted area. This application is built using the Unified System Development Process (USDP) method and applies the Haversine formula to calculate the distance between two positions on earth. The Haversine formula is used in the process of detecting whether an object is in the permitted area or not. The virtual area limitation in this application uses a circle shape. This application requires two actors, namely the parent actor who acts as a monitor and the child actor who acts as the object being monitored. Parents use Android phones to see children's movements via Google Maps and at the same time to manage the child's geofences so that monitoring is easier. Meanwhile, the child uses a smartwatch to send the latitude and longitude coordinates of his position to the firebase database server. The smartwatch device used by the child is lighter and more practical because it is worn on the hand.
Experiencias, situaciones y recursos para el desarrollo de competencias

Competency-based university teaching offers a framework for the comprehensive development of future educators, promoting an integration of knowledge, skills and values in various contexts. This study aims to identify previous experiences, relevant situations and technological resources for the development of innovation, communication and digital competences, considering the perspective of postgraduate students of education. The methodological approach was qualitative, through a self-report with open questions. The participants were 97 students from a Spanish public university, involved in a University Master's Degree in Research in Strategies and Technologies for the Teaching Function in Multicultural Society, during the 2018, 2019 and 2020 courses. After analyzing the students' responses to the open questions, results show the variety of didactic methodologies in the development of the innovation (project-based learning, cooperative learning) and communicative (assembly, dramatization) competencies. The emphasis placed on learning communities is frequent in identifying innovative prior experiences and exemplifying the domain of digital competence. The article concludes highlighting the competency mosaic generated from the 25 categories that represent experiences of educational innovation (creativity, interdisciplinary projects), didactic communication situations (interculturality, non-verbal communication) and repertoire of digital resources (blog, social networks, apps, virtual reality) illustrating relevant practices in educational contexts.
Skip: A Small-sample Correction for Return Prediction with Valuation Ratios

It has been known since Stambaugh (1986) that persistent valuation-ratio regressors lead to biased coefficients in small-sample return regressions. We propose a “Skip” estimator that corrects this bias by averaging estimates from sub-samples of non-consecutive observations. Each sub-sample simply skips adjacent observations and so weakens the bias-inducing link between the innovation in returns and the innovation in subsequent valuation ratios. The estimator does not require estimates of the unknown persistence and covariance parameters, and it facilitates inference since the t-statistic is now distributed approximately standard normal. Finally, it compares favorably to OLS in terms of mean square error and is easily implementable with standard software.
In vitro antifungal activity of Desmodium intortum and D. uncinatum root extracts against growth of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus

Maize grown under push-pull cropping system has been reported to contain lower concentrations of fumonisin and aflatoxin than maize monocrop. This study determined the inhibitory effect of desmodium root extracts on spore germination and radial growth of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. Aspergillus flavus and F. verticillioides were isolated from maize and soil and tested for ability to produce aflatoxin and fumonisin by inoculation on mycotoxin-free maize. Aflatoxin and fuminisin were detected and quantified by direct competitive ELISA. Desmodium roots were dried, ground to fine powder and extracted with methanol and dichloromethane and evaluated for anti-fungal activity by inhibition of spores of A. flavus and F. verticillioides potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Isolates of F. verticillioides produced up to 599,741 µg/kg fumonisin while isolates of A. flavus produced up to 199,184 µg/kg aflatoxin. Desmodium root extracts reduced germination of A. flavus spores and F. verticillioides by 9.6% and 43.8%, respectively and reduced their respective colony radial growth by 15% and 57%. The results suggested that desmodium roots contain chemical compounds that inhibit growth of A. flavus and F. verticillioides. This may explain the reduction in infection of maize with mycotoxin-producing fungi before harvest in push-pull cropping systems by reducing the pathogen inoculum in the soils. Determination of the active compounds in the root exudates is recommended
Chiese cristiane cinesi e Covid-19 tra confinamenti, percezione del rischio e discriminazioni in Italia durante il lockdown

Throughout the month of June 2020, a short online ethnographic study was carried out within theMedical Anthropology Service, National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (NIHMP). Through a structured interview, an attempt was made to explore the social, economic and health effects of Covid-19 on the lives of a group of 36 Chinese people, who are seeking international protection in Italy because they are Evangelical Christians members of proscribed domestic churches in China. From the interviews, strategies of the "home" Christian faith profession emerged and appeared heterogeneously protective towards the pandemic.
Examination the effect of post-hatch heat-treatment and heat-stress in Transylvanian Naked Neck chicken

Background One of the most critical global problem nowadays is the increased environmental temperature. Agriculture is very susceptible to this adverse effect because the productivity of animals and poultry decreased. Although several studies reported the effects of heat-stress in chicken, the expression profile of heat-shock proteins and heat shock factors was not investigated in the gonads and germ cells of Transylvanian Naked Neck chickens. Methods In the first experiment, 24 hours after hatching 80 chicks were heat treated on 38.5oC ambient temperature with 60% humidity for 12 hours. After maturation, their primary productivity parameters, such as egg production, abnormalities in embryo development, sperm quantity, concentration, and motility were studied following two weeks of heat-stress on 30 °C room temperature. In the second experiment, the thermal manipulation of 60 chicks was the same but 15 treated and 15 control chicks were sacrificed immediately after the treatment. The other 15–15 chickens were raised to maturity. Expression levels for two heat-shock proteins and four heat shock factors were determined by real-time PCR in the gonads of heat-treated and heat-stressed chickens. Results We found that the heat-treated layers had significantly higher egg production than the control group in heat-stressed conditions. In cockerels, the sperm quality did not differ significantly between the heat-treated and heat-stressed group and the heat-stressed but not heat-treated group. We examined the expression pattern of HSPs and HSFs in the gonads. We found that the expression of HSP90 and HSF4 increased significantly (p < 0.05) in heat-treated female chick gonads but in adult females the expression of HSF2 and HSF3 were significantly lower compared to the control. In case of adult heat-treated males, the HSP70, HSF1 and HSF3 expression levels showed a significant increase in both gonads, compared to the control expression levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion Heat shock proteins and heat-shock factors protect cells against different stressors, including heat stress. Our findings show a significant effect on egg production but not on the sperm quality after post-hatch heat treatment in heat stress condition. The presented significant differences might be related to the increased expression level of HSP90 and HSF4 in heat-treated chickens.
Nursing satisfaction in county hospitals at the closing of health system reform round

Nurses are key actors in the healthcare sector and their satisfaction is essential for patient care delivery. Assessing their professional satisfaction at the closing of a national health system reform round is therefore vital. This cross-sectional study estimated the relative importance of professional satisfaction components, evaluated the overall level of job satisfaction among nurses, and examined how the components of their perceived satisfaction vary with demographic variables. A total of 276 registered nurses from three (3) county hospitals across Jiangsu Province in China were surveyed using the Index of Work Satisfaction scale. Multiple regression models represented as structural equation models were used to estimate the effects of demographic variables on each dimension of job satisfaction. Nurses appeared to be more satisfied with their pay and professional status but dissatisfied with their task requirements and interactions. Statistically significant correlations were also found between nurses’ age and years of experience and some job satisfaction components. At the end of this health system reform round, the overall level of satisfaction among nurses is still low, showing a slim contribution to the new transformations. The findings and recommendations may provide clues to help nursing managers implement informed strategies and address critical issues to increase nurses’ satisfaction.