Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
"Investors are good, if they follow the rules" – power relations and local perceptions in the case of two European forestry companies in Tanzania

Abstract. The rapidly increasing interest of foreign investors in land in the global South, also termed land grabbing, has been widely discussed as potentially supportive, but often rather harmful for local populations. Combining a critical livelihoods perspective with access theory and a bargaining model, this study scrutinizes local people's perceptions of the land investments, power relations during land negotiations and intra-community differences. By analysing two European forestry companies in Tanzania, we have chosen a sector and a country with presumably more positive outcomes for local populations. The deals resulted in not only labour opportunities and infrastructural improvements, which are mainly perceived as positive, but also cases of violated land rights, inadequate compensation and decreased food security. Hence, even under favourable preconditions, the consequences for local people are ambivalent. With this study, we contribute to a differentiated analysis of the contested role of large-scale land deals in contemporary rural development.
Suspense mechanics in narrative video games

We put forward a suitable analytical model for studying suspense in video games. This model is based on the analysis of perspective, focalization and the figure of the implied player, which is fundamental to understand the relationship between game, player and emotional effects. We critically review the previous research on point of view in films and video games with the aim of achieving a better understanding of audiovisual narration. The resulting model is a proposal for, in the first place, systematising the relationship between the player -considered here as a theoretical concept: the implied player- and the game. Once this is done, it allows us to study suspense in video games from a narrative perspective and leads us to the conclusion that in video games suspense is not related to a waiting situation –like in films- but to the effort of overcoming difficulties that we know from a previous play.
The number of restricted solutions of some systems of linear congruences

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An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Plant Variety Protection Legislation on Innovation and Transferability

Under the TRIPs Agreement, all member-countries of the World Trade Organization are required to provide an "effective" system of plant variety protection within a specific time frame. In many developing countries this has led to a divisive debate about the fundamental desirability of extending intellectual property rights to agriculture. But empirical studies on the economic impacts of PVP, especially its ability to generate large private sector investments in plant breeding and facilitate the transfer of technology, have been very limited. This paper examines two aspects of the international experience of PVP legislation thus far (i) The relationship between legislation, R&D expenditures and PVP grants, i.e., the innovation effect, and (ii) The role of PVP in facilitating the flow of varieties across countries, i.e., the transferability effect.
Analysis of Phyto-Constituents and Free Radical Neutralizing activity of Cassia alata–A Green Source for Ag Np’s Synthesis

Since prehistoric time, medicinal plants have been exploited for their antimicrobial, antimalarial and analgesic activity (Chatterjee et al., 2012). Studies conducted so for upon medicinal plants can be categorized into two: such as optimization of ancient knowledge about a plant and discovering novel applications of lesser known plants. Both this branches have their own importance, as former enlighten the scientific reason behind ancient medications and the later opens up new possibilities of phyto pharmacology. Interest upon plant based therapeutic agents have been increased now a days after observing their prominent biocompatibility and lesser toxicity than chemically synthesized counterparts (Meenupriya et al., 2014). This trend make research on medicinal plants and their derived compounds of great economic value.
Design, Control and Analysis of Low Cost Archetype Dual Rotor Helicopter for Educational Institution

This paper presents the design and development of low cost archetype dual rotor helicopter (LCADRH) for academic research in an educational institution. The LCADRH is installed with optical pitch encoder and yaw encoder which measure elevation and side to side motion of helicopter. The objective of the project is to design and integrate the helicopter with data acquisition board and sensors to provide hardware features, software support capability for its rapid real time measurement and control. The low cost designed LCADRH facilitates the academic research for students in the institution and is able to provide hands on training to understand the concept of nonlinearity, system modelled and unmodelled dynamics and uncertainty, modelling, simulation and control by doing practical experiments. The mathematical model of the LCADRH is derived using grey box modelling method. The control of LCADRH is challenging due to its nonlinearity and effect of strong coupling between aerodynamic forces and torques generated by the both pitch and yaw actuators. In closed loop position control of LCADRH, pitch and yaw axis motion is regulated using linear quadratic controller (LQR). Encouraging results are obtained both in simulation and hardware.
Automatic pathology of prostate cancer in whole mount slides incorporating individual gland classification

ABSTRACT This paper presents an automatic pathology (AutoPath) approach to detect prostatic adenocarcinoma based on morphological analysis of high resolution whole mount (WM) histopathology images of the prostate. In the first stage of the cancer detection algorithm, a pre-screening of cancerous regions is performed at low magnification (5×) based on regional features. In the second stage, we propose a novel technique of labelling individual glands as benign or malignant using gland specific features at high magnification (20×). Two new features, Number of Nuclei Layers and Epithelial Layer Density, are proposed to label individual glands. We validate the approach on 70 WM slides, obtained from 30 patients, and achieve average sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 93% and accuracy of 93%. The main advantage of the approach is that detection of individual malignant gland units, irrespective of neighbouring histology and/or the spatial extent of the cancer, allows a finer annotation of cancer. The AutoPath method performs well on slides with low Gleason grades (3 and 4), but is currently limited in its ability to detect cancer in higher Gleason grades.
Field Cancerization Of Oral Cavity - A Case Report And An Update

Field cancerization was first described in 1953 as histologically altered epithelium surrounding tumor samples taken from the upper aerodigestive tract. Since then, the term has been used to describe multiple patches of premalignant disease, a higher than expected prevalence of multiple local second primary tumors and the presence of synchronous distant tumors within the upper aerodigestive tract. We discuss field cancerization with a case report of a 70-year-old male patient.
Interactive comment on “Simulating the effects of mid- to upper-tropospheric clouds on microwave emissions in EC-Earth using COSP” by M. S. Johnston et al

My comments on this paper will focus on why in the tropics the simulations of cloudy brightness temperatures produce warm biases of up to ∼30 K in the ITCZ. The paper briefly speculates that this warm bias could be due to “incorrect ice particle scattering assumptions used in the COSP microwave forward model. ” They also state on page 11758 lines 7-9 “The precise amount of scattering will depend not only on total ice water path but also on the ice particle shape and size distributions. ” In my view, the paper does not explore this sentence in sufficient detail. The assumed PSD and shape are important contributions. The reason why the scattering could be wrong is
Benefits of Triple Bottom Line Disclosures on Corporate Performance: An Exploratory Study of Corporate Stakeholders

Advocates of CSR argue that transparency and accountability are essential components of a successful sustainability strategy. In this context, sustainability reporting is one such tool for communicating organisational performance with respect to organisational CSR practices. This empirical paper examines the connection between such reporting practices and corporate performance from a stakeholder perspective. Using a sample of 141 respondents, comprising 21 corporate managers; 55 corporate employees and 65 consumers and investors, this study examined the connection between sustainability reporting and corporate performance. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested in the study. In addition to descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), One Sample t-test and Multiple Regression Technique (MRT) were used in analyzing the primary data. The results of the data analysis showed a positive connection between sustainability reporting and corporate performance. Both consumers and investors were inclined to product purchase of green corporations. This would have the dual effect of increased market share and market capitalization of the companies. Employees were inclined to work in green corporations safeguarding their interests and healthy work environment. And corporate managers agreed that cost of recycling was generally cheaper than new purchase. Based on this, the study recommends the adoption of sustainability reports for organisations seeking sustainable corporate performance. The improved transparency and accountability levels of traditional financial reports through inclusion of TBL principles could serve as a labyrinth safeguarding corporations against legal hassle and surmounting stakeholder pressure. Thus, ultimately leading to improved market share, improved employee motivation and reduced labour turnover in such organisations.
Horizons in Novel Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Concomitant AcuteCoronary Syndromes and Atrial Fibrillation

Thrombus formation and coronary artery occlusion, in acute coronary syndromes, occur as a result of an atherosclerotic plaque rupture/erosion and the subsequent activation of platelets and coagulation factors. Also, cardioembolic events, in atrial fibrillation, are related to the thrombus formation and the systemic arterial embolization secondary to the blood stasis in left atrium. Antiplatelet treatments in acute coronary syndromes and long-term oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation have improved prognosis by reducing ischemic events but both treatments are associated with an increase in the risk of bleeding. Furthermore, thrombin and activated factor X are the key elements in the coagulation cascade and novel oral anticoagulants act by inhibiting these coagulation factors, generating a double effect: the reduction of ischemic events and the increment in hemorrhagic events. To date, the clinical benefit of novel oral anticoagulants, in patients presenting acute coronary syndromes and atrial fibrillation, has not well studied. For that reason, the objective of this manuscript is to explain basic clinical trials testing novel oral anticoagulants in patients with acute coronary syndromes and ongoing trials evaluating the use of new oral anticoagulants in population with acute coronary syndromes and atrial fibrillation: the PIONEER AF-PCI (Rivaroxaban), the RT-AF (Rivaroxaban) and the REDUAL-PCI (Dabigatran) trials.
Human Values and Bullying: Do Age and Gender Moderate this Relationship?

The serious consequences that underlie bullying are noticeable and it is important to know the variables that can predict this behavior pattern among students. The aim of the study was to understand to what extent human values predict bullying, testing the moderating role of gender and age. Participants were 300 children (M = 11.07; SD = 1.31) from public and private schools, who answered the Bullying Behaviors Scale, the children version of Basic Values Survey and demographic questions. Results showed that values from the interactive (β = -.21, B =-.14, IC95% = -.23/-.06, p < .001) and promotion (β = .32, B = .14, IC95% = .09/.20, p < .001) subfunctions predict bullying behavior. We found that these relationships were not moderated by the children’s gender or age. It may be concluded that human values are an important variable to understand this aggressive behavior among peers, promoting interventions that may reduce the problem at schools.
A study of the relationship among experience value, destination image and place attachment

Holbrook and Hirschman (1982) suggest that consuming experiences are derived from consumers’ perceived value. This type of consumers depends on sensations, emotions and enjoyments to form their experiences. Hence, consumers’ destination image and place attachment determine their destination choice. The aim of this study is to understand the relationships between experience values, destination image and place attachment. The image of the business circle inside Kenting national park is always controversial. However, the study of the relationships between the image of the business circle and visitors’ recognition are scarce if not non-existed, which prompted this study. The study used convenient sampling method to survey the visitors inside the business circle of Kenting national park, which yield 418 valid responses. The finding suggests that: (1) consumer return on investment, service excellence and aesthetic value are the experience values that contribute most to the formation of destination image, especially consumer’s return on investment (ROI), (2) product image, perceived facility quality and price image are the destination images that contribute most to the formation of place attachment, and (3) consumer’s ROI, service quality, aesthetic value and playfulness value are the experience values that contribute most to the formation of place attachment, especially the playfulness value. Key word: Experience value, destination image, place attachment.
The Two-Fold Way for Speech.

MF-$0.65 HC -$3.29 Child Language; *Cognitive Processes; Deep Structure; Experiments; Kernel Sentences; Language Learning Levels; Language Patterns; *Linguistic Competence; *Linguistic Performance; Pictorial Stimuli; Semantics; Sentence Structure; Serial Ordering; *Speech; Surface Structure; Syntax; Tables (Data); *Time On the basis of experimental data, the author makes the following observations: (1) the basic encoding processes in speech, the schemas of orders first produce elementary underlying sentences; (2) underlying sentence structure is the controlling step in the organization of speech; (3) underlying sentence structure plays a central role in regulating the duration of speech; (4) various processes that relate to speech take widely different amounts of time; (5) therefore, there is a definite correspondence between grammatical structure and linguistic performance. Tables containing data concerning temporal duration and a bibliography of references are included. (DD) FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY The Two-Fold Way for Speech
The effect of training mental states on improving mind theory and the social skills of elementary school children

Mind theory is defined as the ability to understand that others have got some mental states such as thoughts, inclinations, and beliefs that can differ from our mental states or from the reality. This study is aimed at determining how much the training of mental states can affect improving the theory of mind and the social skills of school children. The design of this study was quasi-experimental, with pre-test, posttest and control group. 30 second-grade female elementary school students were selected for this study based on cluster sampling. After homogenizing the subjects based on age, intelligence and mind-theory grades, they were randomly divided into two groups, each having 15 students. Mental states were taught to the students of the experimental groups for nine sessions while the control group did not receive any instruction. Before and after instructions, both groups received mind theory test and social skills questionnaire. (the teacher format of Grasham and Elliot scale of social skills, 1990). The data collected from pre-test and posttest were analyzed using Co-variance analysis. The results indicated that the training of mental states had significant effect on improving the levels of mind theory and the social skills of school children. The results indicated that we can use this plan of mental state training to improve the social skills and to solve the problems of school children.
Three Approaches to Monitoring: Feedback Systems, Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation and Logical Frameworks

This article compares key attributes, strengths and weaknesses of three different approaches to monitoring development interventions: the logical framework approach, participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) and feedback systems. Academic and practitioner literature describes how logframes meet the needs of senior decision‐makers to summarise, organise and compare projects. PM&E meets the needs of field staff to work sensitively with intended beneficiaries and support their learning and empowerment. Feedback systems appear to link the two, providing performance data for managers and creating incentives for implementing staff to focus on their intended beneficiaries. Feedback systems build on the rich heritage of PM&E and are compatible with logframes. They may help provide a manageable and effective approach to accountability that links the means and the ends of development interventions. Feedback systems are at an early stage of development. There is a lot to learn about how and where they work best.
Studies on new antifreeze protein from the psychrophilic diatom, Fragilariopsis cylindrus

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are found in a wide range of species including fishes, plants, etc. They have very characteristic feature that inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that forms in intercellular spaces. Two expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were previously identified from salt stress cDNA library in Fragilariopsis cylindrus to have similarities with snow mold AFP. Using bioinformatics tools, we analysed these two AFP-ESTs. Accordingly, by using specially designed primers, the open reading frames (ORFs) subcloned into bacterial and plant expression vectors. The predicted gene product, AfpA, had a molecular mass of 27 kDa. Expression of afpA in Escherichia coli yielded an intracellular 27-kDa protein modified with His-tag. According to bioinformatics data, a comparison between AFP-A and carrot AFP has been carried out.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL PROBIOTIC DRINKS AGAINST Salmonella typhii

Typhoid fever that caused by Salmonella typhii become serious problem in Indonesia. Besides, knowledge and study about antibacteria activity of probiotic against Salmonella typhii has not been known. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare antibacterial activity of probiotic drinks, they are Y and V, that have different probiotic strain against Salmonella typhii, a causative agent of typhoid fever. Equal amount of Y drink or V drink (1 mL) and S. typhii were mixed. One mL of aliquot was transferred to a petri dish added with 19 mL of melted nutrient agar, vortexed, and incubated at 37oC for 24 hours. The procedure was repeated 6 times. The result shows that bacteria colonies grew in nutrition agar plate in all replication of Y and V drinks. The conclusion of this experiment is that in vitro antibacteria activity against Salmonella typhii does not exist and there was no difference between Y and V drinks. The result obtained in this study supported the use of probiotic isolate or bacteriosin isolate (antibacterial agent of probiotic) as next subtance for probiotic test in in vitro studies and we also suggest to undertake in vivo experiment. (FMI 2012;48 109-114)
Global Change Projections for Taiwan Island Birds: Linking Current and Future Distributions

The earth is warming rapidly. Species around the world must adapt to the increasing heat and to the rapid rate of temperature change. Decision makers and managers must aid species to adapt and to keep up with the changes if they are not able to do so on their own. Special attention needs to be paid to small islands because they are at high risk for the loss of unique and threatened systems and species, and face habitat loss as a consequence of climate-induced rises in sea level. In this study, we examined 17 endemic avian species on the island of Taiwan. Bird observations from 1993 to 2004 were compared to modeled distributions for 2020, 2050, 2080 and 2100. We used 5 general circulation models (CCCMA, CCSR, EHAM4, GFDL, and HADCM3) for the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change A2 and B2 scenarios. Results show that the distributions of 15 out of 17 species are predicted to shift up in elevation with warming. As the lower distributional limits contract to higher elevation, the upper edge of their current distributions cannot shift up in elevation because they were already near or at the tops of the mountains. Consequently, their distributions are predicted to shrink over time. The median elevation of each of these species’ distributions is higher than the median elevation of all available habitats on Taiwan. In addition, we find that a few common species are predicted to become rare species under climate change. Two of the 17 species examined are not near the tops of the mountains and are the only species that have median elevations of their distributions lower than the median of all available habitats on Taiwan. These 2 species are predicted to expand the upper-elevation distribution limit but not to contract the lower-elevational Nature Conservation 2: 21–40 (2012) doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.2. 2351 http://www.pensoft. net/natureconservation Copyright Chia-Ying Ko et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ReseARCh ARTICLe Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journal
Lexical acquisition over time in minority first language children learning English as a second language

ABSTRACT The English second language development of 19 children (mean age at outset = 5 years, 4 months) from various first language backgrounds was examined every 6 months for 2 years, using spontaneous language sampling, parental questionnaires, and a standardized receptive vocabulary test. Results showed that the children's mean mental age equivalency and standard scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Third Edition nearly met native-speaker expectations after an average of 34 months of exposure to English, a faster rate of development than has been reported in some other research. Children displayed the phenomenon of general all-purpose verbs through overextension of the semantically flexible verb do, an indicator of having to stretch their lexical resources for the communicative context. Regarding sources of individual differences, older age of second language onset and higher levels of mother's education were associated with faster growth in children's English lexical development, and nonverbal intelligence showed some limited influence on vocabulary outcomes; however, English use in the home had no consistent effects on vocabulary development.