Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOURCES AND ACCUMULATION OF SILICON IN PLANTS OF LOWLAND RICE

SOURCES AND ACCUMULATION OF SILICON IN PLANTS OF LOWLAND RICE The low Brazilian productivity of rice is mainly because of the low soil fertility and high susceptibility to some diseases. The fertilization with silicon can be an alternative to decrease the impact of the diseases in the yield. To identify efficient silicon sources for rice, an experiment was installed in pots, using a Quartzipsamment soil, in randomized blocks. The silicon sources used were siligran and silicon, in the forms granulated and powder, in the dose of 200 mg kg-1 of Si. The curve of response to Si was established by application of a standard source (Wollastonite) in the doses of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg kg-1 of Si, seeking to obtain a curve of response. The rice cultivar Rio formoso was sown and the production of dry mass of the aerial part, panicles mass, production of grains, plant tissue and soil Si content, were determined by the rice cycle. The standard source Wollastonite had linear behavior, increasing soil Si availability and its absorption by rice with the increase of the applied doses. The largest increases in the contents of Si in the aerial part, in the peel, and Si accumulated in the plant and Si in the dry total mass were produced by Wollastonite. The source that provided larger increase in the yield of grains was silicon in the powder form. The acetic acid extracted larger amount of Si of the soil than calcium chloride, overestimating the results.
Inherited Trust and Growth

This paper develops a new method to uncover the causal effect of trust on economic growth by focusing on the inherited component of trust and its time variation. We show that inherited trust of descendants of US immigrants is significantly influenced by the country of origin and the timing of arrival of their forebears. We thus use the inherited trust of descendants of US immigrants as a time-varying measure of inherited trust in their country of origin. This strategy allows to identify the sizeable causal impact of inherited trust on worldwide growth during the twentieth century by controlling for country fixed effects. (JEL N11, N12, N31, N32, O47, Z13)
A Potentially Fatal Complication of Biliary Stent Migration

A 77-year-old woman undergoing chemotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma presented with acute lower abdominal pain and pneumoperitoneum. Emergency laparotomy revealed a perforation of the sigmoid colon due to a migrated biliary stent requiring sigmoid resection and colostomy formation. This case highlights the potential complications that may arise from migrated biliary stents and discusses the management options in such patients. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.4021/ jmc874w
DNA BARCODING AS A WILDLIFE FORENSIC TOOL (WFT) FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION: A CASE STUDY ON BLACKBUCK (ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA) IN INDIA.

Vikas Kumar 1 , * Neel kamal 2 and Arun Sharma 2 . 1. Forensic Science, Department of Genetics, M.D. University, Rohtak. 2. Director, FSL Junga, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Constant Bet Size? Don't Bet on It! Testing Expected Utility Theory on Betfair Data

I analyze the risk preferences of bettors using data from the world's largest betting exchange, Betfair. The assumption of a constant bet size, commonly used in the current literature, leads to an unrealistic model of bettors' decision making as a choice between a high return - low variance and low return - high variance bet, automatically implying risk-loving preferences of bettors. However, the data show that bettors bet different amounts on different odds. Thus, simply by introducing the computed average bet size at given odds I transform the bettor's decision problem into a standard choice between low return - low variance and high return - high variance bets, and I am able to correctly estimate the risk attitudes of bettors. Results indicate that bettors on Betfair are either risk neutral (tennis and soccer markets) or slightly risk loving (horse racing market). I further use the information on the average bet size to test the validity of Expected utility theory (EUT). The results suggest that, when facing a number of outcomes with different winning probabilities, bettors tend to overweight small and underweight large differences in probabilities, which is in direct contradiction to the linear probability weighting function implied by EUT.
Test Of Efficiency- Wage Model For Iran's Economy

According to efficiency- wage model, the firms instead of paying the market clearing wages will pay the real wages which enhance the productivity of their workers. In this approach wage is an independent variable which will influence the performance of the firms. On the other hand, one can say that when productivity and efficiency increase the firms will be induced to pay higher wages to their workers. In this study we have investigated the relationship between the wages and the productivity for the period 1984-2004. The results show that the causality is from wages to efficiency and productivity. Among the variables which are expected to have influence on productivity and efficiency, oil revenue is the dominant factor. Real wages also had a positive and significant effect which is consistent with efficiency- wage theory; even though its effect is very small.
Mapping Sustainable Development as a Contested Concept

Abstract Despite the continuing salience of sustainable development as a norm for planning and policymaking, there is still no consensus over the societal goals that would count as sustainable development. This paper builds on a longstanding, though always minority, tradition that sees this conceptual ambiguity and ensuing contestation as inevitable and explicable. Where many representations and analyses of sustainable development obscure this complexity, the purpose here is to provide analysts and practitioners alike with a way of exposing and analysing it, in order to avoid the pitfalls of conflating opposing positions that are cloaked within the comforting rhetoric of sustainable development. The paper sets out a way to map contesting interpretations of sustainable development in relation to each other and wider political debates, and thus provides a visual representation of sustainable development as an essentially contested concept that may counter the rhetorically powerful organizing representations that support the dominant yet over-simplified analyses—the familiar three overlapping circles and weak–strong sustainability spectrum.
Increasing Conceptual Understanding in an Engineering Core Course using a Statics Visualization Program

Instructors and students of upper-level engineering courses often use software inside and outside of the classroom to solve problems. However, software is less frequently used in lower-level courses. One likely reason for this lack of use in lower-level courses is the concern that students may avoid manual solution of problems and thereby fail to develop foundational knowledge and proper problem solving approaches. This research attempts to answer whether in-classroom use of certain analysis software deepens student conceptual understanding and critical thinking in a foundational engineering course. The authors chose the web-based software, ForceEffect by Autodesk, based on its ability to analyze trusses, frames, and machines, as well as its numerical and graphical output. Two instructors participated in the research, each with control and experimental groups. The instructors collected results on exam and quiz conceptual questions as well as total scores on these assessment tools. Additionally, the instructors collected formal and informal feedback on the use of the software. The results showed that there was not a statistically significant difference between those groups using the software and those that did not. However, the results did show that the software could have a positive impact on student conceptual understanding.
Rancang Bangun Knowledge Management System Studi Kasus: Dana Pensiun Telkom Bandung

Dana Pensiun Telkom (Dapentel) adalah perusahaan yang dimiliki oleh PT. Telkom Indonesia yang bergerak di bidang pengelolaan dana pensiun bagi pegawai PT. Telkom Indonesia. Saat ini, Dapentel belum memiliki sistem yang mengelola knowledge secara terpusat, baik berupa tacit knowledge maupun explicit knowledge . Adanya masalah tersebut menimbulkan masalah lainnya terkait integrasi antara budaya Dapentel dengan knowledge sehingga kurang memiliki referensi untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah tertentu yang dapat memperlambat kinerja proses bisnis perusahaan dan mengurangi competitive advantage . Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas pengembangan KMS yang disesuaikan dengan nilai budaya yang dimiliki oleh Dapentel, yaitu 3S & 3K. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan sistem yang tidak hanya digunakan berdasarkan fitur, namun juga dapat disesuaikan dengan budaya yang dimiliki oleh Dapentel. Penyesuaian kebutuhan pengembangan KMS dilakukan dengan cara melakukan analisis dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi. Selanjutnya, setelah implementasi yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian, dari hasil pengujian sistem yang dilakukan dengan metode pilot testing mendapatkan hasil bahwa sistem sudah dibangun dengan cukup baik. Sistem yang telah dikembangkan sudah cukup sesuai dengan budaya 3S & 3K yang dimiliki Dapentel berdasarkan performa yang dimiliki oleh KMS.
GABAergic Dysfunction in Autism and Epilepsy

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and epilepsy are among the most devastating and common neurological disorders of childhood, with an estimated incidence of about 0.5 – 1% in worldwide population. Autism and epilepsy are often associated: about 30% of autistic patients develop epilepsy, and a relevant percentage of epileptic patients in paediatric age shows ASD symptoms. This suggests that – at least in certain cases – common neurodevelopmental bases may exist for these two diseases (Brooks-Kayal, 2010). The neurodevelopmental bases of both autism and epilepsy have been clearly showed by a number of clinical, neuroimaging and neuropathological studies. A large series of evidence also indicates that both autism and epilepsy have a primarily genetic origin. A wide variety of genes have been associated to these diseases, including genes regulating brain development, gene transcription, synaptic scaffolding, neurotransmission and signal transduction. Indeed, genetic heterogeneity is recognised as a typical feature of both autism and epilepsy, meaning that different mutations may result in similar disease phenotypes. Since autism and epilepsy are neurological disorders involving multiple genes and resulting in complex pathological traits, understanding the underlying mechanisms is a very difficult task. Moreover, even though the two diseases may have a common neurodevelopmental origin, a precise link between these two pathologies still remains to be determined. In recent years, inhibitory circuit dysfunction gained increasing attention in ASD research. ┛-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and human genetics studies clearly indicate an association between ASD and genes for GABA receptor subunits as well as genes controlling GABAergic neuron development or GABAergic synapse structure. Moreover, recent studies, performed on both animal models and postmortem human samples, suggest that GABAergic neurons and circuits may be altered in ASD. It is likely that the imbalance between excitation and inhibition resulting from neurodevelopmental defects in GABAergic circuitry might represent a common cause for ASD and epilepsy. Here, we will review the genetic, cellular, anatomical and neurophysiological studies that support this hypothesis.
Relationships between floral characters, pollination mechanisms, life forms, and habitats in Araceae

The floral traits of the inflorescences of angiosperms have coevolved to ensure and maximize pollination success. Other factors believed to influence floral architecture are external (for example, ecological) to the inflorescence. In order to understand the relationships between such factors and floral characters, 12 floral traits were measured in 54 species of Araceae. An analysis was performed to determine how these traits are linked to the following: (1) self-pollination capacity; (2) life form (evergreen versus seasonally dormant); (3) climatic conditions; and (4) type of pollinator (i.e. flies, bees, or beetles). A significant difference was found between the pollen to ovule ratio of the species able to self-pollinate and those unable to self-pollinate. Evergreen and tropical aroids produced a larger number of gametes than did seasonally dormant and temperate taxa. Finally, several floral traits, such as pollen volume and number, number of female flowers, and flower sexual type (unisexual or bisexual), showed clear differences between the three pollinator types. Variations in floral traits between the different life forms and climatic conditions are discussed with respect to pollination efficiency and properties of the growing season. The pollen to ovule ratio cannot be considered as an accurate indicator of breeding systems in aroids because of the particular pollination ecology of the family. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 156, 29–42.
The role of the hyporheic zone across stream networks

Many hyporheic papers state that the hyporheic zone is a critical component of stream ecosystems, and many of these papers focus on the biogeochemical effects of the hyporheic zone on stream solute loads. However, efforts to show such relationships have proven elusive, prompting several questions: Are the effects of the hyporheic zone on stream ecosystems so highly variable in place and time (or among streams) that a consistent relationship should not be expected? Or, is the hyporheic zone less important in stream ecosystems than is commonly expected? These questions were examined using data from existing groundwater modelling studies of hyporheic exchange flow at five sites in a fifth‐order, mountainous stream network. The size of exchange flows, relative to stream discharge (QHEF:Q), was large only in very small streams at low discharge (area ≈ 100 ha; Q < 10 l/s). At higher flows (flow exceedance probability > 0·7) and in all larger streams, QHEF:Q was small. These data show that biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone of small streams can substantially influence the stream's solute load, but these processes become hydrologically constrained at high discharge or in larger streams and rivers. The hyporheic zone may influence stream ecosystems in many ways, however, not just through biogeochemical processes that alter stream solute loads. For example, the hyporheic zone represents a unique habitat for some organisms, with patterns and amounts of upwelling and downwelling water determining the underlying physiochemical environment of the hyporheic zone. Similarly, hyporheic exchange creates distinct patches of downwelling and upwelling. Upwelling environments are of special interest, because upwelling water has the potential to be thermally or chemically distinct from stream water. Consequently, micro‐environmental patches created by hyporheic exchange flows are likely to be important to biological and ecosystem processes, even if their impact on stream solute loads is small. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Title Sensitivity enhancement of MoS2 nanosheet based surface plasmon resonance biosensor

A surface plasmon resonance based biosensor consisting of SF10 prism, silicon layer, gold thin film and MoS2 enhanced nanosheet is presented. We systematically investigated the SPR reflectivity and resonance angle through the transfer matrix method. Furthermore, with the optimized thickness of gold, silicon and MoS2, we calculated the change of resonance angle to a fixed refractive index change of sample solutions and the full width at half maximum of the reflectivity curves. The excitaition wavelengths of light sources that we use range from 600nm to 1024nm which covers both visible and near infrared light. In addition, the optimum configuration for MoS2-enhanced SPR biosensors are monolayer MoS2 and 7 nm silicon layer coated on 50 nm Au thin film with 633 nm as the excitation wavelength. With these optimized parameters we can efficiently increase the sensitivity by ~10%. Even without the silicon layers, the pure MoS2 enhanced nanosheet can also improve the sensitivity by ~8%. The performance of MoS2 enhanced nanosheet is almost 3-fold higher than that of graphene. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of Symposium 2015 ICMAT.
LBNIENCY AND TESTINESS IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: REMARKS ON IDEOLOGY AND CONTEXT IN INTERACTIONAL SOCTOLTNGUISTTCS1

"Onc (.) feels that the rise-fall used by many Poles in simple statements does denote intellectual arrogance, that the hea\y stress, syllable-by-syllable descent, and low level nucleus found in some North German statement sentences rs domineering. As a result, wc react sharply. The foreigner, bewildered, knows only that a promising friendship has foundcred for no apparent reason. Thus human relations suffer and the myths of 'national character'grow. " (Trim 1961: 35, emphasis in original)
Cardiovascular Responses of Largemouth Bass to Exhaustive Exercise and Brief Air Exposure over a Range of Water Temperatures

Abstract In this study we examined the effects of exhaustive exercise and brief air exposure on the cardiovascular function of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides at four water temperatures (13, 17, 21, and 25°C). We used Doppler flow probes to monitor cardiac output and its components (i.e., stroke volume and heart rate) while we manually chased fish to exhaustion to simulate angling, exposed them to air for 30 s, and then recorded patterns of recovery. Resting cardiac variables generally increased with increasing water temperature except for stroke volume, which was temperature independent. Fish heart rate became erratic during exercise, and during air exposure fish exhibited severe bradycardia before becoming tachycardic when returned to the water. Maximal change occurred most rapidly for cardiac output (about 5 min). Several minutes later, changes in heart rate (increase) and stroke volume (decrease) simultaneously reached maximal deviations from resting values. Cardiac output and heart rate increas.
Upstep and embedded register levels

This article is concerned with an interesting upstep phenomenon in the intonation of some speakers of Southern dialects of German. It experimentally establishes the main properties of this upstep phenomenon, and discusses the theoretical consequences. The upstep occurs on the nuclear pitch accent of a non-final intonation phrase. It targets the phonetic height of the utterance-initial peak, regardless of downstepped peaks that intervene between the initial peak and the upstepped peak. The findings are argued to provide unexpected support for a model of intonation in which downstep among accents can be embedded inside downstep among larger prosodic domains (Ladd 1988, van den Berg et al. 1992). In a combination of that model with an extension of Pierrehumbert & Beckman (1988), it is suggested that the choice between downstep and upstep is conditioned by association to higher prosodic constituents in a systematic way.
Molecular Diagnosis and Monitoring of Benzimidazole Susceptibility of Human Filariids

Adisak Bhumiratana1,2,3, Apiradee Intarapuk3, Danai Sangthong3, Surachart Koyadun4, Prapassorn Pechgit1 and Jinrapa Pothikasikorn5 1Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 2Center for EcoHealth Disease Modeling and Intervention Development Research, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 3Environmental Pathogen Molecular Biology and Epidemiology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 4Ministry of Public Health, Department of Disease Control, Office of Disease Prevention and Control 11 Nakhon Si Thammarat 5Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand
Unravelling species boundaries in the Aspergillus viridinutans complex (section Fumigati): opportunistic human and animal pathogens capable of interspecific hybridization

Although Aspergillus fumigatus is the major agent of invasive aspergillosis, an increasing number of infections are caused by its cryptic species, especially A. lentulus and the A. viridinutans species complex (AVSC). Their identification is clinically relevant because of antifungal drug resistance and refractory infections. Species boundaries in the AVSC are unresolved since most species have uniform morphology and produce interspecific hybrids in vitro. Clinical and environmental strains from six continents (n = 110) were characterized by DNA sequencing of four to six loci. Biological compatibilities were tested within and between major phylogenetic clades, and ascospore morphology was characterised. Species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model (MSC) supported recognition of ten species including one new species. Four species are confirmed opportunistic pathogens; A. udagawae followed by A. felis and A. pseudoviridinutans are known from opportunistic human infections, while A. felis followed by A. udagawae and A. wyomingensis are agents of feline sino-orbital aspergillosis. Recently described human-pathogenic species A. parafelis and A. pseudofelis are synonymized with A. felis and an epitype is designated for A. udagawae. Intraspecific mating assay showed that only a few of the heterothallic species can readily generate sexual morphs in vitro. Interspecific mating assays revealed that five different species combinations were biologically compatible. Hybrid ascospores had atypical surface ornamentation and significantly different dimensions compared to parental species. This suggests that species limits in the AVSC are maintained by both pre- and post-zygotic barriers and these species display a great potential for rapid adaptation and modulation of virulence. This study highlights that a sufficient number of strains representing genetic diversity within a species is essential for meaningful species boundaries delimitation in cryptic species complexes. MSC-based delimitation methods are robust and suitable tools for evaluation of boundaries between these species.
Improvement of Volume Estimation of Stockpile of Earthworks Using a Concave Hull-Footprint

In the estimation of volume of stockpiles of earthworks, the question is no longer whether the data collected is dense and accurate (equipment and techniques capable of accurate data measurement are available), but how to manipulate the data to yield accurate volume estimation. Although surface modeling through TIN yields more accurate volumes than grid modeling, the delineation of footprint of the stockpile remains one of the main sources of errors in volume determination due to spurious surfaces created within the convex hull of the TIN model. In this paper, an approach for automatic delineation of the stockpile footprint based on a concave hull is introduced. A concave hull as a geometry (usually point data) container is realized by minimizing the enclosing planimetric area and it is usually not unique. Several algorithms for creating concave hulls are suggested, in this paper an algorithm based on Delaunay triangulation and linear referencing was used to create the concave hull. A comparison of volume estimations of stockpiles taking into consideration the footprint via convex hull, concave hull and manually delineated outline showed that volumes based on the concave hull are closer in value to volumes based on manually delineated footprint. Therefore in the absence of points manually picked to represent the outline of a footprint, the concave hull can be relied on.