Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatially restricted factors cooperate with notch in the regulation of Enhancer of split genes.

Expression of the Drosophila Enhancer of split [E(spl)] genes, and their homologues in other species, is dependent on Notch activation. The seven E(spl) genes are clustered in a single complex and their functions overlap significantly; however, the individual genes have distinct patterns of expression. To investigate how this regulation is achieved and to find out whether there is shared or cross regulation between E(spl) genes, we have analysed the enhancer activity of sequences from the adjacent E(spl)mbeta, E(spl)mgamma and E(spl)mdelta genes and made comparisons to E(spl)m8. We find that although regulatory elements can be shared, most aspects of the expression of each individual gene are recapitulated by small (400-500 bp) evolutionarily conserved enhancers. Activated Notch or a Suppressor of Hairless-VP16 fusion are only sufficient to elicit transcription from the E(spl) enhancers in a subset of locations, indicating a requirement for other factors. In tissue culture cells, proneural proteins synergise with Suppressor of Hairless and Notch to promote expression from E(spl)mgamma and E(spl)m8, but this synergy is only observed in vivo with E(spl)m8. We conclude that additional factors besides the proneural proteins limit the response of E(spl)mgamma in vivo. In contrast to the other genes, E(spl)mbeta exhibits little response to proneural proteins and its high level of activity in the wing imaginal disc suggests that wing-specific factors cooperate with Notch to activate the E(spl)mbeta enhancer. These results demonstrate that Notch activity must be integrated with other transcriptional regulators and, since the activation of target genes is critical in determining the developmental consequences of Notch activity, provide a framework for understanding Notch function in different developmental contexts.
Regional quantification of cartilage type II collagen and aggrecan messenger RNA in joints with early experimental osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE Accurate assessment of chondrocyte metabolism is a potentially valuable indicator of cartilage health in osteoarthritis (OA). This study was conducted to explore the anabolic metabolism of chondrocytes early in the natural history of an experimental canine model of OA. METHODS Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to calculate the copy number of type II collagen and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of aggrecan core protein in articular cartilage samples obtained from different regions of the femorotibial joint 12 and 39 weeks after cruciate transection. RESULTS Gene expression of both type II collagen and aggrecan in cartilage samples obtained from experimental joints at both intervals after surgery was elevated significantly compared with that in samples from contralateral control joints. The number of mRNA copies per microgram of DNA of aggrecan exceeded that of type II collagen in control cartilage, but the copy number of type II collagen mRNA exceeded that of aggrecan in OA cartilage. Thus, the ratio of type II collagen-to-aggrecan mRNA copy number (normalized to DNA) was shown to be characteristically altered in cartilage with experimental OA. CONCLUSION Accurate assessment of multiple gene products in small samples of cartilage taken from focal areas of a joint can be used diagnostically for monitoring chondrocyte metabolism and possibly for staging at least the early phases of this joint disease.
Application of fibroin in controlled release tablets containing theophylline.

The applicability of fibroin, a major silk protein, to controlled release type dosage tablets was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Fibroin tablets containing theophylline were easily prepared by a direct compression method without additives. Five types of fibroin tablets with the same surface area and different amounts of theophylline were prepared. In an in vitro drug study, the drug release from the tablets was not affected by the pH of the release medium. The greater the fibroin content in the tablets, the lower the percentage released at time t. The Higuchi plots of the release data showed a linear release profile, indicating that the drug release from the fibroin tablets was diffusion-controlled through the matrix. Theophylline powder or a TF-41 tablet (theophylline: fibroin=4 : 1), or a commercial tablet, Uniphyl (once-a-day type) was administered to 5 healthy volunteers. The areas under the saliva theophylline concentration-time curve (AUC) of Uniphyl and TF-41 to that of powder were 85% and 70%, respectively (fasted). Conversely, the mean residence time and mean absorption time of TF-41 were long compared to Uniphyl (fasted). Therefore, the reduction of bioavailability in TF-41 was due to the delayed release from the tablets in vivo. Taken after a meal, the AUCs of TF-41 and Uniphyl increased and the absorption was completed. This suggested that the drug release from TF-41 may increase due to the stimulation of food on TF-41 itself and due to movement of the gastro-intestinal tract. In conclusion, fibroin could be used as the matrix in controlled-release tablets.
Neurotensin receptor‐3/sortilin mediates neurotensin‐induced cytokine/chemokine expression in a murine microglial cell line

We show that the type I neurotensin receptor‐3 (also called sortilin) is the only known neurotensin receptor expressed in a murine microglial cell line and that its activation leads to phosphorylation of both extracellular signaling‐regulated (Erk1/2) and Akt kinases. Using semiquantitative reverse‐transcriptase (RT) PCR, we demonstrate that neurotensin induces gene expression of several cytokines/chemokines including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1, interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. This induction is dependent on both phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinases pathways. We observe that the effect of neurotensin on cytokine/chemokine expression is inhibited by the neurotensin receptor‐3 propeptide, a selective ligand of this receptor. These results demonstrate that the neurotensin receptor‐3 is functional in microglial cells where it mediates the induction of chemokines/cytokines expression by neurotensin. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is big data driving cooperation in the c-suite? The evolving relationship between the chief marketing officer and chief information officer

Abstract The chief marketing officer (CMO) and chief information officer (CIO) often fight for recognition and impact on strategic decision-making within the top management team – if they are included at all. Technological improvements have greatly increased the ability to gather customer data, which elevates the roles of the CMO and CIO while increasing their dependence on each other. The research on the relationship between senior executives outside of that with the CEO is limited; this paper fills that gap by exploring CMO/CIO cooperation. To analyze the dynamics of the CMO/CIO relationship, this research introduces a conceptual framework that captures three antecedents of cooperation: interdependence, CMO/CIO relationship structure, and CMO/CIO diversity. In cases in which dependence between the two executives is asymmetric, this paper proposes four cooperation mechanisms expected to mediate the relationship between these individual and organizational level antecedents and CMO/CIO cooperation. When the two executives cooperate, it leads to strategically aligned decision-making that increases business performance by integrating technology, data, and the customer into strategic decision-making.
Campylobacter enteritis in Saudi Arabia

A 12-month survey on the incidence of campylobacter infection in 1217 patients with diarrhoea was carried out in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Campylobacters were isolated from 55 (4·5%) patients, second in prevalence to salmonellas (6·2%). Shigellas were isolated from 4·2% of patients. Campylobacter isolation rates were high in children of all ages, as well as in young adults (36·5% of all isolates were from adults aged 20–39 years). Isolation rates peaked in September and November. Analysis of the results showed that 69% were Campylobacter jejuni (mostly biotype IV) and 31% C. coli. Serogroups 5 and 23 (Penner scheme) and phage type 125 (Preston scheme) were most frequently isolated. Resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline was observed in 7·3 and 32·7% of the isolates. Campylobacters are an important cause of bacterial enteritis in Saudi Arabia, both in adults and in children, and should be sought routinely.
THE INFLUENCE OF NATIONAL CULTURE ON ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN IRAQI KURDISTAN, A CROSS – SECTORIAL COMPARISON

This paper examines the relationship between national culture and organizational culture in the context of private and public sector organizations in Iraqi Kurdistan. To understand the influence of national culture on organizational culture a cross-sectorial comparison has been made between both sector organizations. A discussion was built on past research and theoretical framework and it highlights some of the cultural approaches and typologies. This study also explains who are the Kurds, Kurdistan, their national culture and organizational culture perspectives. Through self-response survey questionnaires the national culture and organizational culture dimensions of some major organizations in private and public sectors in Iraqi Kurdistan were discovered. Multi-regression analyses as well as correlation coefficient tests were conducted to determine whether variables have any statistically significant relationship. Thus, national culture variable was regressed on organizational culture variable in both sectors independently. The results from analyses indicated that there is a significant relationship between national culture and organizational culture in Iraqi Kurdistan. The analysis also showed that national culture impacts organizational culture in private sector whereas, no effect or weak correlation were seen in public sector organizations. Organizations in general and public sector in particular were dominated by hierarchy culture followed by clan culture. But the dominated culture in private sector organizations was hierarchy culture followed by market culture. The findings also demonstrated that there is a negative relationship between demographic variable and organizational culture. A conceptual figure was proposed and some recommendations were suggested
Contribution méthodologique à la constitution d'un dictionnaire informatique des verbes : analyse sémantico-cognitive des verbes de mouvement et d'áctivité

Cette these est une contribution methodologique a la construction d'un dictionnaire semantique des verbes du francais en vue de traitements informatiques de la langue. Elle explore l'hypothese de l'unite verbale : ou se situe-t-elle, comment la decrire, et une signification lexicale intrinseque du verbe a-t-elle un sens? apres avoir pose les ingredients theoriques necessaires a la constitution d'une telle unite, nous analysons le lexique des verbes, en observant son comportement dans la langue, afin de voir ce que le formalisme met en evidence, et si les resultats qu'il produit peuvent faire avancer notre connaissance des processus langagiers. Cette these s'inscrit dans le programme de la grammaire applicative et cognitive (gac), qui vise a mettre en place un systeme metalinguistique general, coherent et conduisant a de veritables calculs formels, eventuellement automatisables, en developpant une theorie des invariants langagiers, constitues d'operateurs et d'operations elementaires. Les schemes semantico-cognitifs (ssc) constituent une structure de representation formelle de la signification du verbe. Les possibilites de ce formalisme a representer la semantique lexicale sont evaluees sur un corpus de verbes de mouvement et d'action du francais, dans le but : i) de cerner la part de semantique contenue dans un verbe lexical; ii) de representer la polynesie verbale, iii) d'operer, a partir de ce formalisme, les memes inferences que celles que nous faisons dans la langue; iv) de proposer un modele pour relier cognitivement la connaissance verbalisee a l'image; v) d'avancer quelques arguments en faveur de la theorie localiste reformulee a un niveau cognitif.
Social protection in mitigating economic insecurity

Economic insecurity is generally conceived as a feeling of concern about the material conditions that may prevail in the future in case of adverse events, like job loss or sickness. The welfare state turns a set of individual risks (including sickness, job loss and others mining economic security) into social risks by way of social protection. As a consequence, lower economic insecurity is expected where the welfare state is stronger. This paper explores this connection empirically, using official statistics as well as economic insecurity measures proposed in the literature. The analysis is run on a selection of European countries, whose social protection systems differ considerably in terms of social spending levels, kinds of risks covered and rules for accessing social protection.
Regional contexts for third mission policies and university management in the UK: opportunities and challenges

Over the past two decades the so-called «third mission» of universities and its regional dimension has been high in the national policy agenda, with a series of incentive mechanisms put in place at national, sub-national and institutional levels. This paper reviews the development of government policies, universities’ institutional strategies and management practices, as observed in the UK regions. We capture the evolving third mission policies that affect the links between universities and their regional agenda on one hand, and the development of institutional strategies and management practices at the university level on the other. Setting incentives for third mission activities encompasses complex processes at the policy, institutional, and individual levels. The paper concludes by identifying three key challenges for university managers and leaders.
Mechanisms of Lumen Development in Drosophila Tubular Organs

Tubular organs of both invertebrate and vertebrate animals serve many important physiological functions, such as the delivery of gases, nutrients and hormones and removal of waste. All tubular organs contain a central lumen that is formed through a variety of mechanisms and whose size and shape is essential for organ function. While some lumens form from pre-polarized cells, others form de novo from single cells or solid cords of cells (Andrew and Ewald, 2010). Studies of lumen formation in tubular organs in the Drosophila embryo have benefited from the genetic analysis available in Drosophila and the advent of sophisticated microscopic techniques that allow lumen formation to be visualized in vivo in real time in a developing embryo. In this chapter we will review recent advances on the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which lumens form and their size is controlled in the salivary gland, trachea and dorsal vessel of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo.
Ge-SixGe1-x core-shell nanowire tunneling field-effect transistors

We report the fabrication and experimental investigation of Ge-SixGe1-x core-shell nanowire (NW) tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs). Low energy ion implantation was used to highly dope the NW TFET source (S) and drain (D). The NW TFETs show ON-state currents of up to ION ∼ 5 µA/µm, and the ambipolar behavior is suppressed by achieving asymmetric doping concentrations at S/D. Furthermore, the NW TFET subthreshold slope (SS) shows little temperature dependence down to 77K, consistent with band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) being the dominant carrier injection mechanism.
EU COHESION POLICY AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SMART CITY CONCEPT

The concept of smart city is a modern tool for efficient city management with emphasis on the latest trends and technological knowledge. The article analyses the concept in terms of EU, with particular emphasis on investment opportunities of the European structural and investment funds. Concept of smart city is also focused on social dimension and human capital in urban areas.
Mécanique des grandes transformations

L'ouvrage traite des fondements de la mecanique des milieux continus en grandes transformations. Les elements et theories usuels sont presentes. Une modelisation originale de l'etat de deformation est proposee. Elle ne s'identifie ni a une mesure de deformation contingente ni au classique tenseur metrique. La theorie materielle fondee sur cette variable d'etat non tensorielle est intrinseque et coherente avec les elements incontestes de l'approche eulerienne. Les theories materielles usuelles (lagrangiennes, en rotation, .) en sont des approximations dont la pertinence est etudiee. Ce livre est susceptible d'interesser aussi bien les etudiants de troisieme cycle en mecanique ou en mathematiques appliquees que les chercheurs et ingenieurs.
Schémas asymptotiquement conservatifs en énergie dans un problème de vibro-impact de plaques

Le mouvement d'une plaque entre des obstacles rigides est etudie. Plusieurs familles de schemas totalement discretises sont comparees et l'interet de la methode de la Dynamique Singuliere pour obtenir des schemas conservatifs en energie est illustre. Enfin, l'influence du coefficient de restitution lors du choc est mise en evidence.
Identification of posttranscriptionally active inhibitory sequences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA: novel level of gene regulation

cis-acting inhibitory region (IR) sequences were identified within the gag/pol gene of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by using a novel feedback-stimulated, rev-independent tat reporter gene to screen HIV-1 sequences in transient expression assays. Two regions, a 1,295-nucleotide segment in the gag gene (IR-1) and a 1,932-nucleotide segment of the pol gene (IR-2), each inhibited reporter gene expression 10- to 20-fold. IR-1 and IR-2 both contained subsequences which inhibited reporter gene expression. Introduction of IR sequences into a heterologous reporter plasmid, pCMV-CAT, resulted in decreased chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression, suggesting that the inhibitory effect was not restricted to a reporter gene under the control of the HIV-1 promoter. The presence of HIV IR sequences in cis did not alter relative levels of reporter gene RNA; however, fractionation studies revealed IR-containing RNA accumulated in the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that IR sequences within the gag/pol region affect gene expression by altering the cellular distribution of viral RNA.
Assessment of magnetization transfer effects in myocardial tissue using balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) cine MRI

Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) by means of MRI exploits the mobility of water molecules in tissue and offers an alternative contrast mechanism beyond the more commonly used mechanisms based on relaxation times. A cardiac MTI method was implemented on a commercially available 1.5 T MR imager. It is based on the acquisition of two sets of cardiac‐triggered cine balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) images with different levels of RF power deposition. Reduction of RF power was achieved by lengthening the RF excitation pulses of a cine bSSFP sequence from 0.24 ms to 1.7 ms, while keeping the flip angle constant. Normal volunteers and patients with acute myocardial infarcts were imaged in short and long axis views. Normal myocardium showed an MT ratio (MTR) of 33.0 ± 3.3%. In acute myocardial infarct, MTR was reduced to 24.5 ± 9.2% (P < 0.04), most likely caused by an increase in water content due to edema. The method thus allows detection of acute myocardial infarct without the administration of contrast agents. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social Media Communication and their Contingency Impacts on the Sustainability of Organization Performance and Practices

One of the focused areas researchers have been interested in is the re-evaluation of the performance and practices of an organization especially exploring and finding some indicators that would reflect as accurately as possible the subtleties of the organization’s entity. The main purpose of this paper is to highlight the company performance and practices measurements and ways to sustain them by using social media communication. Organization performance and practices is a concept that afloat many questions concerning the most accurate or the best method of measuring the performance at the organization level. The sustainability of the company performance and practices is another area of interest that are tightly attached to the organization performance. The research methodology has aimed at studying the contingency impact of using social media communications to sustain the organization performance and practices. If the communications are considered one of the factors to influence the organization performance and practices, the modern approach to communication through social media offers a new perspective on the sustainability of organization performance and practices. The organization performance and practices are also heavily depending on the level of data security that it put in place. In conclusion, after the theoretical study, the authors have noticed that by using social media communications the organization can disseminate important and vital information to a wider group potential of clients or customers. Feedbacks from the bigger can be used to improve the organization performance and practices. Hence, to sustain the existence of the organization performance and practices depends on how positively the wave of social media communication.
Motives for mass interactions in online sports viewing

Recent advances of social TV services allow sports fans to watch sports games at any place and to lively interact with other fans via online chatting. Despite their popularity, however, so far little is known about the key properties of such mass interactions in online sports viewing. In this paper, we explore motives for mass interactions in online sports viewing and investigate how the motives are related to viewing and chatting behaviors, by studying Naver Sports, the largest online sports viewing service in Korea.
Disorder-induced magnetic memory : Experiments and theories

Beautiful theories of magnetic hysteresis based on random microscopic disorder have been developed over the past ten years. Our goal was to directly compare these theories with precise experiments. We first developed and then applied coherent x-ray speckle metrology to a series of thin multilayer perpendicular magnetic materials. To directly observe the effects of disorder, we deliberately introduced increasing degrees of disorder into our films. We used coherent x-rays to generate highly speckled magnetic scattering patterns. The apparently random arrangement of the speckles is due to the exact configuration of the magnetic domains in the sample. In effect, each speckle pattern acts as a unique fingerprint for the magnetic domain configuration. Small changes in the domain structure change the speckles, and comparison of the different speckle patterns provides a quantitative determination of how much the domain structure has changed. How is the magnetic domain configuration at one point on the major hysteresis loop related to the configurations at the same point on the loop during subsequent cycles? The microscopic return-point memory(RPM) is partial and imperfect in the disordered samples, and completely absent when the disorder was not present. We found the complementary-point memory(CPM) is also partial and imperfect in the disordered samples and completely absent when the disorder was not present. We found that the RPM is always a little larger than the CPM. We also studied the correlations between the domains within a single ascending or descending loop. We developed new theoretical models that do fit our experiments.