Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interheme electron tunneling in cytochrome c oxidase

Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain that catalyzes respiratory reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water in all eukaryotes and many aerobic bacteria. CcO, and its homologs among the heme-copper oxidases, has an active site composed of an oxygen-binding heme and a copper center in the vicinity, plus another heme group that donates electrons to this site. In most oxidoreduction enzymes, electron transfer (eT) takes place by quantum-mechanical electron tunneling. Here we show by independent molecular dynamics and quantum-chemical methods that the heme-heme eT in CcO differs from the majority of cases in having an exceptionally low reorganization energy. We show that the rate of interheme eT in CcO may nevertheless be predicted by the Moser-Dutton equation if reinterpreted as the average of the eT rates between all individual atoms of the donor and acceptor weighed by the respective packing densities between them. We argue that this modification may be necessary at short donor/acceptor distances comparable to the donor/acceptor radii.
Arabidopsis BRCA2 and RAD51 proteins are specifically involved in defense gene transcription during plant immune responses

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response associated with both transcriptional reprogramming and increased homologous DNA recombination (HR). SNI1 is a negative regulator of SAR and HR, as indicated by the increased basal expression of defense genes and HR in sni1. We found that the sni1 phenotypes are rescued by mutations in BREAST CANCER 2 (BRCA2). In humans, BRCA2 is a mediator of RAD51 in pairing of homologous DNA. Mutations in BRCA2 cause predisposition to breast/ovarian cancers; however, the role of the BRCA2–RAD51 complex in transcriptional regulation remains unclear. In Arabidopsis, both brca2 and rad51 were found to be hypersusceptible not only to genotoxic substances, but also to pathogen infections. A whole-genome microarray analysis showed that downstream of NPR1, BRCA2A is a major regulator of defense-related gene transcription. ChIP demonstrated that RAD51 is specifically recruited to the promoters of defense genes during SAR. This recruitment is dependent on the SAR signal salicylic acid (SA) and on the function of BRCA2. This study provides the molecular evidence showing that the BRCA2–RAD51 complex, known for its function in HR, also plays a direct and specific role in transcription regulation during plant immune responses.
Facile Synthetic Method for Pristine Graphene Quantum Dots and Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots: Origin of Blue and Green Luminescence

Pristine graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide quantum dots are synthesized by chemical exfoliation from the graphite nanoparticles with high uniformity in terms of shape (circle), size (less than 4 nm), and thickness (monolayer). The origin of the blue and green photoluminescence of GQDs and GOQDs is attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic energy states, respectively.
Dynamics of α-helical subdomain rotation in the intact maltose ATP-binding cassette transporter

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are powered by a nucleotide-binding domain dimer that opens and closes during cycles of ATP hydrolysis. These domains consist of a RecA-like subdomain and an α-helical subdomain that is specific to the family. Many studies on isolated domains suggest that the helical subdomain rotates toward the RecA-like subdomain in response to ATP binding, moving the family signature motif into a favorable position to interact with the nucleotide across the dimer interface. Moreover, the transmembrane domains are docked into a cleft at the interface between these subdomains, suggesting a putative role of the rotation in interdomain communication. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the dynamics of this rotation in the intact Escherichia coli maltose transporter MalFGK2. This importer requires a periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP) that activates ATP hydrolysis by promoting the closure of the cassette dimer (MalK2). Whereas this rotation occurred during the transport cycle, it required not only trinucleotide, but also MBP, suggesting it is part of a global conformational change in the transporter. Interaction of AMP-PNP-Mg2+ and a MBP that is locked in a closed conformation induced a transition from open MalK2 to semiopen MalK2 without significant subdomain rotation. Inward rotation of the helical subdomain and complete closure of MalK2 therefore appear to be coupled to the reorientation of transmembrane helices and the opening of MBP, events that promote transfer of maltose into the transporter. After ATP hydrolysis, the helical subdomain rotates out as MalK2 opens, resetting the transporter in an inward-facing conformation.
TCSBN: a database of tissue and cancer specific biological networks

Abstract Biological networks provide new opportunities for understanding the cellular biology in both health and disease states. We generated tissue specific integrated networks (INs) for liver, muscle and adipose tissues by integrating metabolic, regulatory and protein-protein interaction networks. We also generated human co-expression networks (CNs) for 46 normal tissues and 17 cancers to explore the functional relationships between genes as well as their relationships with biological functions, and investigate the overlap between functional and physical interactions provided by CNs and INs, respectively. These networks can be employed in the analysis of omics data, provide detailed insight into disease mechanisms by identifying the key biological components and eventually can be used in the development of efficient treatment strategies. Moreover, comparative analysis of the networks may allow for the identification of tissue-specific targets that can be used in the development of drugs with the minimum toxic effect to other human tissues. These context-specific INs and CNs are presented in an interactive website http://inetmodels.com without any limitation.
Generation of trisomies in cancer cells by multipolar mitosis and incomplete cytokinesis

One extra chromosome copy (i.e., trisomy) is the most common type of chromosome aberration in cancer cells. The mechanisms behind the generation of trisomies in tumor cells are largely unknown, although it has been suggested that dysfunction of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) leads to an accumulation of trisomies through failure to correctly segregate sister chromatids in successive cell divisions. By using Wilms tumor as a model for cancers with trisomies, we now show that trisomic cells can form even in the presence of a functional SAC through tripolar cell divisions in which sister chromatid separation proceeds in a regular fashion, but cytokinesis failure nevertheless leads to an asymmetrical segregation of chromosomes into two daughter cells. A model for the generation of trisomies by such asymmetrical cell division accurately predicted several features of clones having extra chromosomes in vivo, including the ratio between trisomies and tetrasomies and the observation that different trisomies found in the same tumor occupy identical proportions of cells and colocalize in tumor tissue. Our findings provide an experimentally validated model explaining how multiple trisomies can occur in tumor cells that still maintain accurate sister chromatid separation at metaphase–anaphase transition and thereby physiologically satisfy the SAC.
A single social defeat reduces aggression in a highly aggressive strain of Drosophila

Genes and prior experience both influence the behavior of animals, but the relative contribution of each to fighting behavior in Drosophila remains unclear. To address this issue, we bred hyperaggressive flies by selecting winners of fights over 34–37 generations. Males of this strain initiate fights sooner, retaliate more often, and regularly defeat opponents from the nonselected parent Canton-S strain. After a defeat, however, these highly aggressive flies lose their second fights against socially naïve counterparts. Defeated flies also lunge and retaliate less after experiencing a loss, suggesting that the subsequent losses result from flies becoming less aggressive. Remarkably, flies that were once capable of engaging in high-intensity boxing and tussling patterns of behavior for extended periods of time often do not even engage in mid-intensity lunging after a single defeat. Furthermore, these formerly highly aggressive flies lose all competitive advantage over nonselected Canton-S after experiencing a loss. Lastly, females were more likely to copulate with males from the nonselected parent line than with the hyperaggressive strain.
Meta-analysis of turnover intention among child welfare workers

High rates of turnover among public child welfare (CW) workers has a detrimental influence on social workers, clients and their families, agencies, and states. Although the severity and prevalence of the problem are well understood, it was only recently that research on turnover among CW workers became more popular. Our understanding of the phenomenon, however, is still lacking and requires quantitative research synthesis. To address this research gap, the purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of the existing literature on turnover intention among child welfare workers. Among 144 potentially qualifying studies, twenty two studies were included in this meta-analytic study. Utilizing Hunter and Schmidt (2004)'s method, this study quantitatively combined and analyzed 36 predictors from the included studies. Overall, predictors related to CW worker attitudes and perceptions (e.g., organizational commitment and job satisfaction) had the highest influence on turnover intention among CW workers. On the other hand, demographic predictors, such as age, race, and gender, showed small or negligible effects on turnover intention. Among work-related predictors, stress-related predictors and subfactors of burnout had medium to high influence on turnover intention while predictors related to decision-making showed medium effect sizes. Among predictors in work environment category, various types of support predictors had varying influence on turnover intention while such variables as perceptions of fairness and policy had relatively high effect sizes of around . 4. Several commonly-studied factors with proven validity, such as organizational commitment, stress, job satisfaction, professional commitment, and organizational climate, emerged as some of the strongest predictors. Other variables, such as perceptions of fairness, safety concern, and policy, were also shown to be strong predictors, but have received relatively less attention. While caseload is commonly thought of as one of major drivers of turnover, this study showed that caseload had little effect on turnover intention of CW workers. This study highlights several key areas of further research. First, job performance and economy-related factors are rarely utilized in studies of turnover intention among CW workers and therefore, deserve greater attention. Second, studies with private CW workers were relatively small compared to studies with public CW workers. Third, there has been a conceptual confusion of turnover intention measures, which future research can help to further clarify. The theoretical and practical implications highlighted by this study are also discussed.
A low oxygen consumption pneumatic ventilator for emergency construction during a respiratory failure pandemic*

The UK influenza pandemic plan predicts up to 750 000 additional deaths with hospitals prioritising patients against inadequate resources. We investigated three prototype low‐cost, gas‐efficient, pneumatic ventilators in a test lung model at different compliance and rate settings. Mean (SD) oxygen consumption was 0.913 (0.198) and 1.119 (0.267) l.min−1 at tidal volumes of 500 ml and 700 ml respectively. Values of FIo2 increased marginally as lung compliance reduced, reflecting the increased ventilator workload and consequent increased enrichment of breathing gas by waste oxygen from the pneumatic mechanism. We also demonstrated that a stable nitric oxide concentration could be delivered by this design following volumetric principles. It is possible to make a gas‐efficient ventilator costing less than £200 from industrial components for use where oxygen is available at 2‐4 bar, with no pressurised air or electrical requirements. Such a device could be mass‐produced for crises characterised by an overwhelming demand for mechanical ventilation and a limited oxygen supply.
Controlled Fabrication and Photonic Structure of Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Shells

Omnidirectional laser action in W/O/W emulsion with CLC shells is demonstrated. The emulsion, in which the helical axis of the CLC phase is normal to the surface, is successfully fabricated by using a microfluidic device. The whole emulsion system with dispersed core-shell droplets with a CLC shell can serve as a flexible omnidirectional resonator for dye lasers.
Electrochemical Route to Fabricate Film‐Like Conjugated Microporous Polymers and Application for Organic Electronics

Film-like conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are fabricated by the novel strategy of carbazole-based electropolymerization. The CMP film storing a mass of counterions acting as an anode interlayer provides a significant power-conversion efficiency of 7.56% in polymer solar cells and 20.7 cd A(-1) in polymer light-emitting diodes, demonstrating its universality and potential as an electrode interlayer in organic electronics.
Clinical assessment of a new anaesthetic drug administration system: a prospective, controlled, longitudinal incident monitoring study *

A safety‐orientated system of delivering parenteral anaesthetic drugs was assessed in a prospective incident monitoring study at two hospitals. Anaesthetists completed an incident form for every anaesthetic, indicating if an incident occurred. Case mix data were collected and the number of drug administrations made during procedures estimated. From February 1998 at Hospital A and from June 1999 at Hospital B, until November 2003, 74 478 anaesthetics were included, for which 59 273 incident forms were returned (a 79.6% response rate). Fewer parenteral drug errors occurred with the new system than with conventional methods (58 errors in an estimated 183 852 drug administrations (0.032%, 95% CI 0.024–0.041%) vs 268 in 550 105 (0.049%, 95% CI 0.043–0.055%) respectively, p = 0.002), a relative reduction of 35% (difference 0.017%, 95% CI 0.006–0.028%). No major adverse outcomes from these errors were reported with the new system while 11 (0.002%) were reported with conventional methods (p = 0.055). We conclude that targeted system re‐design can reduce medical error.
Non–cell-autonomous factor induces the transition from excitatory to inhibitory GABA signaling in retina independent of activity

During development, the effect of activating GABAA receptors switches from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing. Several environmental factors have been implicated in the timing of this GABA switch, including neural activity, although these observations remain controversial. By using acutely isolated retinas from KO mice and pharmacological manipulations in retinal explants, we demonstrate that the timing of the GABA switch in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is unaffected by blockade of specific neurotransmitter receptors or global activity. In contrast to RGCs in the intact retina, purified RGCs remain depolarized by GABA, indicating that the GABA switch is not cell-autonomous. Indeed, purified RGCs cocultured with dissociated cells from the superior colliculus or cultured in media conditioned by superior collicular cells undergo a normal switch. Thus, a diffusible signal that acts independent of local circuit activity regulates the maturation of GABAergic inhibition in mouse RGCs.
Gas‐Driven Ultrafast Reversible Switching of Super‐hydrophobic Adhesion on Palladium‐Coated Silicon Nanowires

A gas-driven ultrafast adhesion switching of water droplets on palladium-coated Si nanowire arrays is demonstrated. By regulating the gas-ambient between the atmosphere and H2 , the super-hydrophobic adhesion is repeatedly switched between water-repellent and water-adhesive. The capability of modulating the super-hydrophobic adhesion on a super-hydrophobic surface with a non-contact mode could be applicable to novel functional lab-on-a-chip platforms.
Nitric oxide induced cervical ripening in the human: Involvement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, prostaglandin F2α, and prostaglandin E2

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate possible mechanisms and morphologic changes involved in nitric oxide–induced cervical ripening. Study design: Women scheduled for surgical termination of first trimester pregnancy were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: isosorbide 5-mononitrate 40 mg 4 hours or 10 hours before the operation or no preoperative treatment. Cervical specimens were obtained for the analysis of tissue levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclo-oxygenase 1, cyclo-oxygenase 2, prostaglandin F 2 α , and prostaglandin E 2 or were fixed in glutaraldehyde for microscopy. Results: Increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cyclo-oxygenase 2, prostaglandin F 2 α , and prostaglandin E 2 were found in samples that were exposed to isosorbide 5-mononitrate compared with control samples. Electron microscopy revealed stromal edema and collagen disorganization after isosorbide 5-mononitrate treatment. Conclusion: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate, prostaglandin F 2 α , and prostaglandin E 2 are involved in nitric oxide–induced cervical ripening. Nitric oxide causes morphologic changes similar to those changes seen during spontaneous cervical ripening. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:·745-50.)
PDT‐S‐T: A New Polymer with Optimized Molecular Conformation for Controlled Aggregation and π–π Stacking and Its Application in Efficient Photovoltaic Devices

The correlation among molecular conformation, the crystallinity of the morphology, propensity for π-π stacking, J- versus H-aggregation, and photovoltaic performance have been studied based on two newly designed polymers, PBDTTT-S-T and PDT-S-T. The results show that more linear backbone structure is helpful to improve photovoltaic properties of the polymer, and therefore, molecular conformation should be considered for molecular design of photovoltaic polymers.
Radiography of infants and children

The second edition of Dr. Darling's book, Radiography of Infants and Children , should be a welcome addition to all radiologists whose patients include the pediatric age group. Although many of the x-ray procedures described in this new edition require sophisticated radiographic equipment usually found in the modern hospital, many of the examinations can be performed on an outpatient basis in the radiologist's office. This new edition includes a description of radiographic procedures for special studies including voiding cystourethrography, and also includes a description of dental radiography in children. The book is well illustrated and complete in all details, including multiple exposure factor tables for both infants and children. The radiologist in the general hospital where there are pediatric beds will find the book particularly helpful in regard to the proper positioning of infants for ventriculograms and examination of the mastoids, paranasal sinuses and facial bones, these areas being particularly difficult
Evaluation of a transportable capnometer for monitoring end‐tidal carbon dioxide

We compared a small and transportable Capnometer (EMMA™) with a reference capnometer, the Siesta i TS Anaesthesia. During air‐breathing through a facemask, both the EMMA (nine modules) and reference capnometer sampled expired gas simultaneously. A wide range of end‐tidal carbon dioxide values were obtained during inhalation of carbon dioxide and voluntary hyperventilation. The median IQR [range] difference between all sets of carbon dioxide values (EMMA – reference) was −0.3 (−0.6 to 0.0 [−1.7 to 1.6] kPa; n = 297) using new batteries, which was statistically significant (p = 0.04) and located to two of the nine EMMAs tested. Using batteries with reduced voltage did not influence the measurements. The 95% CI of the medians of the differences were −0.4 to −0.2. We conclude that the EMMA can slightly under‐read the end‐tidal carbon dioxide but is generally comparable with a free‐standing monitor. The precision of the EMMAs was similar whether new batteries or batteries with reduced voltage were used.
Gastro‐Laryngeal Tube for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a preliminary report *

The Gastro‐Laryngeal Tube is a modification of the Laryngeal Tube that provides a dedicated channel for the insertion of a gastroscope. In this study of 30 patients undergoing general anaesthesia for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, we evaluated both the effectiveness of airway management with a Gastro Laryngeal Tube and the feasibility of performing it using the endoscopic channel. The Gastro Laryngeal Tube was inserted successfully in all patients, in 27 patients at the first attempt. The mean (SD) time to achieve an effective airway was 26 (6) s. Mean (SD) inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes were 336 (57) ml and 312 (72) ml, respectively, and oropharyngeal leak pressure was 33.7 (2) cmH2O. These data suggest that the Gastro Laryngeal Tube is an effective and secure device for airway management and for use during performance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
Vulnerability of the fetal primate brain to moderate reduction in maternal global nutrient availability

Moderate maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy occurs in both developing and developed countries. In addition to poverty, maternal dieting, teenage pregnancy, and uterine vascular problems in older mothers are causes of decreased fetal nutrition. We evaluated the impact of global 30% maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) on early fetal baboon brain maturation. MNR induced major cerebral developmental disturbances without fetal growth restriction or marked maternal weight reduction. Mechanisms evaluated included neurotrophic factor suppression, cell proliferation and cell death imbalance, impaired glial maturation and neuronal process formation, down-regulation of gene ontological pathways and related gene products, and up-regulated transcription of cerebral catabolism. Contrary to the known benefits from this degree of dietary reduction on life span, MNR in pregnancy compromises structural fetal cerebral development, potentially having an impact on brain function throughout life.
High‐Gain Phototransistors Based on a CVD MoS2 Monolayer

A phototransistor based on a chemical vapor deposited (CVD) MoS2 monolayer exhibits a high photoresponsivity (2200 A W(-1) ) and an excellent photogain (5000). The presence of shallow traps contributes to the persistent photoconductivity. Ambient adsorbates act as p-dopants to MoS2 , decreasing the carrier mobility, photoresponsivity, and photogain.