Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on the regulation and localization of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The regulation of the enzymes involved in the operation of the glyoxylate cycle was studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All enzymes showed an increase in specific activity under growth conditions where the glyoxylate cycle is needed as an anaplerotic pathway. In the presence of 1% glucose, the synthesis of all enzymes, except fumarase, was repressed. However, no indication for a specific regulation mechanism for the entire cycle could be found. Studies on the localization of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes in the yeast cell revealed that the key enzymes, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, are located in the cytoplasm, whereas succinate dehydrogense was found only in the mitochondrial fraction. Activites of all other enzymes are found in the cytoplasm as well as in the mitochondira. In anaerobically grown cells, no mitochondria could be detected. Succinate dehydrogenase, isocritrate lyase, and malate synthase were absent. However, appreciable activities of citrate synthase, aconitase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase were found in the Cytoplasm. The significance of these observations for the operation of the glyoxylate cycle is discussed.
Drug-Related HIV Risk Behaviors and Cocaine Preference among Injection Drug Users in Los Angeles

Based on a 1988–91 sample of 422 drug-using arrestees in Los Angeles, this study compares the drug-related risk behavior of users whose preferred injection drug is cocaine and users with a preference for heroin or no preference between the two drugs. Cocaine preference is unrelated to the likelihood of needle sharing overall, needle sharing with strangers, needle sharing at shooting galleries, and failure to use bleach as a needle disinfectant. In analyses restricted to users who reported needle sharing, the frequency of sharing is no more closely related to heroin injection frequency than to cocaine injection frequency. These results suggest that local preventive education programs do not need to address distinctive patterns of drug-related risk behavior among injection cocaine users and injection heroin users in Los Angeles.
Cutaneous melanoma: prognostic factors.

BACKGROUND Recent data have changed our views of prognostic factors in cutaneous melanoma. While some newer methods have yielded better prognostic information, some insights have evolved as a result of large-scale population-based analyses. METHODS We review current data on several different prognostic factors and divide these factors according to their application in localized primary melanoma or metastatic melanoma. For each prognostic factor, the level of evidence supporting its use and its applicability to clinical practice are considered. RESULTS For localized primary melanoma, the dominant predictors of survival include lesion thickness, ulceration, and lymph node involvement. Factors such as age, sex, anatomic location, and satellite/in-transit lesions are important in localized melanoma. Factors currently being investigated are tumor vascularity, vascular invasion, mitotic rate, tumor regression, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. For metastatic melanoma, the most important prognostic factors are site of metastases and the presence of elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase. The value of these prognostic factors to clinicians caring for melanoma patients is discussed. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of prognostic factors in cutaneous melanoma has evolved over the last decade, allowing oncologists to provide appropriate treatment for their patients. Many of the prognostic factors are interrelated. In the near future, it is expected that several molecular genetic factors will provide more insight into the prognosis of patients with melanoma.
Self-Rated Health and Mortality: Does the Relationship Extend to a Low Income Setting?∗

Although a relationship between poor self-reported health status and excess mortality risk has been well-established for industrialized countries, almost no research considers developing countries. We use data from Indonesia to show that in a low-income setting, as in more advantaged parts of the world, individuals who perceive their health to be poor are significantly more likely to die in subsequent follow-up periods than their counterparts who view their health as good. This result characterizes both men and women, holds for multiple time periods, and remains after inclusion of measures of nutritional status, physical functioning, symptoms of poor physical health and depression, and hypertension. We also consider the correlates of self-rated health. Symptoms and physical functioning are strong predictors of reporting poor rather than good health, but neither these indicators nor other covariates we consider distinguish between reports of excellent rather than good health.
Performance Evaluation of Wireless Body Sensors in the Presence of Slow and Fast Fading Effects

A theoretical method for analyzing the performance of wireless body sensors in terms of channel capacity and bit-error-rate (BER) in the presence of slow and fast fading effects is presented. Analytical closed-form expressions for the channel capacity and BER for implant-to-implant, implant-to-body-surface, and body-surface-to-body-surface propagation scenarios are developed. Numerical results of the channel capacities and the BERs are presented utilizing realistic channel models for wireless body area networks (WBANs). The results indicated high system outage probability and degraded channel capacity caused by the complex propagation mechanisms of radio frequency signals on the surface and inside the human body. The communication links of WBANs should thus be optimized using fade mitigation techniques suitable for miniature wireless electronic devices to achieve the targeted high quality-of-service requirements of biomedical systems. In general, the results give an insight into the effect of the propagation channel on system performance, and may allow service providers to evaluate the technical feasibility of biomedical systems for various propagation scenarios.
The Intracranial Facial Nerve as Seen Through Different Surgical Windows: An Extensive Anatomosurgical Study

BACKGROUND: The facial nerve has a short intracranial course but crosses critical and frequently accessed surgical structures during cranial base surgery. When performing approaches to complex intracranial regions, it is essential to understand the nerve's conventional and topographic anatomy from different surgical perspectives as well as its relationship with surrounding structures. OBJECTIVE: To describe the entire intracranial course of the facial nerve as observed via different neurosurgical approaches and to provide an analytical evaluation of the degree of nerve exposure achieved with each approach. METHODS: Anterior petrosectomies (middle fossa, extended middle fossa), posterior petrosectomies (translabyrinthine, retrolabyrinthine, transcochlear), a retrosigmoid, a far lateral, and anterior transfacial (extended maxillectomy, mandibular swing) approaches were performed on 10 adult cadaveric heads (20 sides). The degree of facial nerve exposure achieved per segment for each approach was assessed and graded independently by 3 surgeons. RESULTS: The anterior petrosal approaches offered good visualization of the nerve in the cerebellopontine angle and intracanalicular portion superiorly, whereas the posterior petrosectomies provided more direct visualization without the need for cerebellar retraction. The far lateral approach exposed part of the posterior and the entire inferior quadrants, whereas the retrosigmoid approach exposed parts of the superior and inferior quadrants and the entire posterior quadrant. Anterior and anteroinferior exposure of the facial nerve was achieved via the transfacial approaches. CONCLUSION: The surgical route used must rely on the size, nature, and general location of the lesion, as well as on the capability of the particular approach to better expose the appropriate segment of the facial nerve. ABBREVIATIONS: AICA, anterior inferior communicating artery CPA, cerebellopontine angle GG, geniculate ganglion IAC, internal auditory canal PICA, posterior inferior communicating artery
Inclusion of radiation damping in the close-coupling equations for electron-atom scattering.

The close-coupling approximation for electron-atom scattering is extended to include the effect of one-photon radiation damping at a level nonperturbative in the wave function. The complex potential is derived and introduced directly into the set of integrodifferential equations used to calculate the {ital S} matrix. The formulation is ideal for inelastic scattering and photoionization with radiation damping and can be used to calculate photorecombination cross sections. The numerical solution of the resulting differential equation is accomplished through a combination of {ital R}-matrix, perturbation theory, and analytic techniques. Some of the implications of this method are discussed. The connection to previous theoretical approaches are discussed.
Evaluation of fixation methods for ultrastructural study of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos

Various fixation methods for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were tested on Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. By combining various techniques, using 3.4% chitinase in combination with 1% α‐chymotripsin, we were able to establish a new fixation procedure that for the first time preserves both membranes and internal cellular ultrastructure of C. elegans embryos in different stages of development. This unique procedure will enable a hitherto unattainable standard for TEM research of C. elegans embryos. Sectioning of specific developmental stages fixed with this method allows a detailed study of ultrastructural aspects of embryogenesis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 49:212–216, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calmodulin plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation.

The role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in cell function is beginning to be unraveled at the molecular level as a result of recent research on calcium-binding proteins and particularly on calmodulin. These proteins interact reversibly with Ca2+ to form a protein . Ca2+ complex, whose activity is regulated by the cellular flux of Ca2+. Many of the effects of Ca2+ appear to be exerted through calmodulin-regulated enzymes.
The bacteria associated with Triatoma infestans and some other species of Reduviidae

An account is given of the bacterial flora isolated from the blood-sucking Reduviid bugs, Triatoma infestans and T. protracta, and the predatory Reduviid, Sinea diadema. The micro-organisms which have been found in Triatoma spp. differ from that found in Rhodnius prolixus (Actinomyces rhodnii), in both specific identity and in their relation to the cells of the mid-gut. The symbiont occurring most frequently in T. infestans has been identified as a diphtheroid organism resembling Coryne-bacterium hofmannii, and sections show this organism inside vacuoles within some of the endothelial cells of the insect's intestine. The organism occurring in R. prolixus, on the other hand, cannot be found in this situation, but remains in the lumen of the gut. While the occurrence of the bacteria found in T. infestans in so intimate a connexion with the cells of its host seems to suggest a more highly organized state of affairs, T. infestans does not show the fixed association with one species of micro-organism which is shown by R. prolixus. Other bacteria occur commonly in T. infestans, although they do not occur in cell-vacuoles; and the range of bacterial types is so great that it seems unlikely that the species recorded in this paper are the only ones that may occur. The presence of these other bacteria may be due either to the anti-biotic action of the Corynebacterium sp. being weaker than that of A. rhodnii, or to masking of the anti-biotic action by the cell wall that encloses the organisms. The situation in R. prolixus shows clearly that a constant symbiotic association with a micro-organism can be maintained without the presence of specialized organs of the mycetome type. With regard to the predatory species, no general conclusion can be reached on the evidence so far available. Compared with the blood-sucking Reduviids, insects of this kind usually have powerful proteolytic enzymes secreted in the anterior mid-gut, while the same region of the blood-suckers is a simple storage and concentration sac, digestion taking place lower down the intestine. Thus the region of the gut where bacteria are found in blood-suckers might not be a favourable situation for them in predatory bugs. Hence it is perhaps significant that most of the few successful isolations from a predatory type were from the rectum of the insect. It is the usual opinion that insects with a predatory diet do not need bacterial symbionts, but the aim in examining the predatory Reduviidae has been to find out whether they show a condition which might have evolved into that found in their blood-sucking relatives. The search is still in progress for a rather unspecialized type of predatory Reduviid in which the salivary and anterior mid-gut digestion is less strongly developed than in those species which have been available for study up to the present.
Genomic selection in dairy cattle: Integration of DNA testing into breeding programs

Genomic selection offers many advantages with regard to improving the rate of genetic gain in dairy cattle breeding programs. The most important factors that contribute to faster genetic gain include • A greater accuracy of predicted genetic merit for young animals. • A shorter generation interval because of heavier use of young, genetically superior males and females. • An increased intensity of selection because breeders can use genomic testing to screen a larger group of potentially elite animals. By increasing the accuracy and intensity of selection and shortening the generation interval, the rate of genetic progress for economically important dairy traits can be approximately doubled. bulls with high genetic merit. Before progeny testing a young bull, the average estimated breeding value (EBV) of his sire and dam, which is commonly referred to as parent average, was used to select young bulls with the highest genetic merit and had an accuracy (reliability) of only 30 to 40%. In a progeny-testing scheme, a group of elite cows was identifi ed as potential dams of young bulls (i.e., bull mothers). Progeny testing was necessary because most traits of economic importance in dairy cattle (e.g., milk production) are sex-limited and can be measured only in females. These bull mothers were mated to elite progeny-tested sires from the previous generation for the specifi c purpose of producing bull calves. Once these young bulls reached sexual maturity, which typically occurred at about 12 months of age, they were mated to a large number of cows on commercial farms, with the goal of producing approximately 100 daughters. Approximately 3 years later, the daughters of these young bulls would begin lactating, and this information was used to calculate the EBV of their sires for milk production and other key traits, which typically had reliabilities of 75 to 85%. At this point, these bulls were approximately 4.5 years of age, and the AI companies would decide which bulls should be culled and which bulls should be marketed to dairy farmers for the purpose of siring the next generation of replacement heifers. Overall, progeny-testing schemes are time consuming and costly because the AI companies have to wait many years to obtain genetic predictions with suffi cient accuracy for making selection decisions, and in the meantime, hundreds of bulls are housed “in waiting” while phenotypes are measured on tens of thousands of their daughters. The objective of this review is to describe how genomics will affect genetic progress and breeding programs in the future.
Overview and Comparison of Iron Loss Models for Electrical Machines

One important factor in the design process and optimization of electrical machines and drives are iron losses in the core. By using new composite materials and low-loss electrical SiFe steels, the losses in the magnetic flux conducting parts of the machine can be reduced significantly. However, it is necessary to have accurate but also easy implementable iron loss models to take the loss effects into account, preferable already during the first design steps and simulations of new electrical machines.The goal of this paper is to give an overview of available iron loss models and to summarize and compare certain models for analytical and numerical machine design methods.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Regulation of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 and Pax-8 in Rat Thyroid FRTL-5 Cells.

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is known to modulate the expression of thyroid-specific genes, such as thyroglobulin (TG), contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. In the present study, we show that TNF-α suppresses DNA-binding activity of thyroid transcription factors, Pax-8 and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), which is, in part, involved in TNF-α-induced decrease in TG gene expression. Transfected into rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells, the activity of reporter plasmid containing the rat TG promoter ligated to a luciferase gene was significantly suppressed in the presence of TNF-α. In gel mobility shift analyses, protein-DNA complexes formed by TTF-1 and Pax-8 were reduced when the nuclear extracts prepared from TNF-α-treated FRTL-5 cells were used. The suppressive effect of TNF-α on TTF-1-DNA complex formation is, in part, caused by suppression of TTF-1 gene transcription by TNF-α. Expressions of TTF-1 messenger RNA and protein, which were assessed by Northern blot and Western blot.
Functional A Posteriori Error Estimation for Stationary Reaction-Convection-Diffusion Problems

Abstract. A functional type a posteriori error estimator for the finite element discretization of the stationary reaction-convection-diffusion equation is derived. In case of dominant convection, the solution for this class of problems typically exhibits boundary layers and shock-front like areas with steep gradients. This renders the accurate numerical solution very demanding and appropriate techniques for the adaptive resolution of regions with large approximation errors are crucial. Functional error estimators as derived here contain no mesh-dependent constants and provide guaranteed error bounds for any conforming approximation. To evaluate the error estimator, a minimization problem is solved which does not require any Galerkin orthogonality or any specific properties of the employed approximation space. Based on a set of numerical examples, we assess the performance of the new estimator. It is observed that it exhibits a good efficiency also with convection-dominated problem settings.
Kernel Support for Recoverable-Persistent Virtual Memory

The buffering facilities typically provided by operating systems are not powerful enough to support the performance and consistency requirements of database systems. As a result, most database systems are structured as Buffer Pool Database (BPDB) systems, providing their own buffering facilities, with their own paging policies and recovery schemes. The emergence of operating systems with very large address spaces and flexible memory management makes Virtual Memory Database (VMDB) systems feasible. In such systems, the database is mapped into virtual memory and the buffering facilities of the underlying virtual memory system are used. VMDB systems do not experience many of the problems faced by BPDB systems. To support the consistency and recoverability requirements of VMDB systems, we have proposed that the virtual memory system be extended to support the Recoverable-Persistent Updates (RPU) model. This model is powerful and general enough to support a wide variety of policies for ensuring database recoverability. In this paper we discuss our approach to and progress in extending the Mach 3.0 kernel to provide direct support for this RPU model.
An interactive fuzzy programming approach for the two-level linear programming problem with many leaders

In this paper, the two-level linear programming problem with at least two leaders and one follower is considered. To find a satisfactory solution for the problem, an interactive fuzzy programming approach is introduced. The method is aimed so that all the decision makers at the upper level achieve their minimum satisfaction levels together with the suitable satisfaction balance between the decision maker at the lower level and each decision maker at the upper level. So as to exemplify the method, a numerical example is given. Additionally, it is shown that a k-level programming problem can also be changed into a two-level programming problem with k-1 decision makers at the upper level. AMS subject classification: 90C05, 90C26, 90C70.
Oral contraceptives and systemic lupus erythematosus.

The discontinuation of oral contraceptive use at the time of diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been the usual practice in patients enrolled in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. The evidence in the literature of a deleterious effect of combined oral contraceptives upon the activity of SLE or on thromboembolism (TE) in SLE is reviewed together with an examination of the potential beneficial effects of oral contraceptives, including better contraception, the control of cyclic SLE disease activity, prevention of osteoporosis, and the preservation of fertility during cyclophosphamide treatment. It is argued that while SLE is a hormonally-driven disease, multiple hormones, and not just estrogen, play a role. Estrogen use as both combined oral contraceptives and for hormone replacement therapy has not been systematically studied, so no quantification of risk and no identification of high-risk groups can be made.
ESTATISTICA DO CARCINOMA BASOCELULAR EM LONDRINA, PARANÁ, BRASIL

As neoplasias malignas da pele constituem a forma mais frequente de câncer segundo Bandiera (1). Segundo Haynes (ll), os carcinomas da pele sao os mais comuns de todos os que incidem em pacientes da raca branca; Sto11 (25), refere que o câncer da pele representa cerca de 10% dos tumores malignos, mas indica apenas 1 a 2% das causas de morte por cancer. Bandiera (1) e Haynes (ll) dizem que devido ao facil acesso e visualizacao a olho nu, permitem um diagnostico precoce, atraves de urna retirada de fragmentos da lesao e urna possibilidade de cura em torno de 90% dos casos. Sto11 (“6) relata, que embora elevada a incidencia destes tumores, a sua real frequencia nao esta bem estabelecida porque os estudos estatisticos incluem varios tipos de câncer, inclusive os muito raros; sabe-se apenas que sua frequencia e alta e variavel em todo o mundo (26). Assim, Belisario (31, em 1959, assinalou que 50% do total de câncer verificado na Australia era de localiza$io cutânea; Phillips (20) em 1941, demonstrou que 33yo de todos os casos de câncer estudados no Texas (EUA)
A CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF EIGHT HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINES

&NA; Eight cell lines established originally at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research from human malignant melanoma explants have been studied by means of cytogenetic techniques. All showed abnormalities characteristic for each individual line and consisting of marker chromosomes and of changes in ploidy due to the addition of extra copies of normal chromosomes. Repeat cultures of some lines after one or two years contained most of the markers which had characterized the original samples; additional chromosome abnormalities were also found. An analysis of the break points concerned in the production of markers showed preferential involvement of chromosomes 1 and 5, with a prevalence of centromeric breaks on No. 1. These findings add further weight to the evidence suggesting that changes in chromosome 1 may be of special significance in the pathogenesis of some solid tumours.