Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioral approach to food waste: an experiment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of behavioral interventions and nudging in dealing with the food waste problem. In particular, the authors implement an information campaign aiming to increase consumers’ awareness of the food waste problem. Design/methodology/approach In the period of three weeks, the authors observe intentions to prevent food waste and actual food waste of the consumers in a university restaurant serving ready meals. During the intervention period, consumers are exposed to an information campaign, designed to avoid consumers’ insufficient planning problem. Findings Consumers are willing to pay the same price for less food more often during the campaign than before the campaign, but the approximated impact on the food waste is not significant. Social emotions of guilt and shame are linked to consumers’ intentions to prevent food waste, suggesting channels to be included in a successful information campaign nudging consumers toward food waste reduction. Research limitations/implications The authors were not able to measure precisely food waste, but observed consumers in a real-life context. Consumers were not aware of the study, and made daily purchase decisions before and after the information campaign. Social implications Consumer behavior is at the core of the food waste problem in developed countries. It is important to understand how consumers can be nudged at low cost, using an information campaign, to change their attitude to food waste, and to decrease food waste. Originality/value The authors collected an original dataset on the impact of an information campaign, observing behavior of consumers in a real-life context.
Conspicuous, ultraviolet-rich mouth colours in begging chicks

There is as yet no clear consensus on the function of vivid mouth colours in begging chicks. A major obstacle to our understanding has been that no studies have measured gape colours independently of human colour perception. Here, we present the first study, to our knowledge, to use UV-VIS spectrometry to quantify the gape colour, background nest colour and nest light environment of eight European passerines. Both mouths and the surrounding flanges show striking and previously unreported peaks of reflectance in the ultraviolet, coupled with high long-wavelength reflectance responsible for the human-visible appearance of the gape. High ultraviolet reflectance is likely to have an important effect on the conspicuousness of nestling mouths, since contrast with the nest background is maximal in the ultraviolet. Furthermore, the dual-peak nature of the spectra suggests that gapes are avian non-spectral colours analogous to human purple.
Financing Higher Education in Japan and the Need for Reform

The Japanese higher education sector has seen increases in tuition with stagnant household incomes in a society where family support for university students has been the norm. Student loans from government have grown rapidly to sustain the gradual increase in university enrolments. These time-based loans have created financial hardship for increasing numbers of loan recipients and their families through high interest rates for late repayments. There is some evidence that prospective students from low-income households are forgoing a university education to avoid student loan debt. The Japanese government has introduced some measures attempting to overcome these problems. These measures include grants for students and an income-contingent loan scheme that is available to 12 per cent of loan applicants. The income-contingent loan scheme, introduced in 2017, is a positive development, but it requires further reform and broader coverage if it is to adequately address the challenges facing higher education financing in Japan and alleviate repayment and default problems for loan recipients.
Precision Dairy Farming Technology Solutions for Detecting Dairy Cow Disease to Improve Dairy Cow Well-Being

OF DISSERTATION PRECISION DAIRY FARMING TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS FOR DETECTING DAIRY COW DISEASE TO IMPROVE DAIRY COW WELL-BEING Dairy cow health is multifactorial and complex. High producing dairy cows have been described as metabolic athletes, but metabolic and infectious diseases around calving affect many cows. These diseases have drastic negative effects on dairy cow well-being, milk production, and dairy farm economics. Early disease detection could potentially improve disease management, treatment, and future prevention techniques. The first objective of this research was to evaluate the use of activity, lying behavior, reticulorumen temperature, and rumination time determined by precision dairy farming technologies to detect transition cow diseases including hypocalcemia, ketosis, and metritis. The second objective was to evaluate the ability of activity, body weight, feeding behavior, lying behavior, milking order, milk yield and components, reticulorumen temperature, and rumination time determined by precision dairy farming technologies to predict clinical mastitis cases. The last objective of this research was to evaluate the precision dairy farming technologies used in Objective 3 to predict subclinical cases.
Early life environment: does it have implications for predisposition to disease?

Early life environmental factors have been associated with altered predisposition to a variety of pathologies. A considerable literature examines pre- and postnatal factors associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic (i.e. insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia) and psychiatric disease, and the importance of hormonal programming. The brain is exquisitely sensitive to environmental inputs during development and the stress responsiveness of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been shown to be both up- and down-regulated by early life exposure to limited nutrition, stress, altered maternal behaviors, synthetic steroids and inflammation. It has been suggested that peri-natal programming of HPA axis regulation might therefore contribute to metabolic and psychiatric disease etiology. In addition, glucocorticoids play modulatory roles regulating many aspects of immune function, notably controlling both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Neuroendocrine–immune communication is bidirectional, and therefore it is expected that environmental factors altering HPA regulation have implications for stress effects on immune function and predisposition to inflammation. The impact of pre- and postnatal factors altering immune function, stress responsivity and predisposition to inflammatory disease are reviewed. It is also examined whether the early ‘immune environment’ might similarly influence predisposition to disease and alter neuroendocrine function. Evidence indicating a role for early life inflammation and infection as an important factor programming the neuroendocrine–immune axis and altering predisposition to disease is considered.
Recent Board Declassifications: A Response to Cremers and Sepe

This note offers an initial response to a study released earlier this month by Martijn Cremers and Simone Sepe, “Board Declassification Activism: The Financial Value of the Shareholder Rights Project. ” Putting aside methodological questions about their analysis and accepting their results “as is,” we show that the results of this study do not provide a basis for opposing board declassifications. Appropriately interpreted, the results provide some significant evidence that declassifications are beneficial and no evidence that they are value-reducing. The results obtained for preceding years in prior published work by the authors either do not hold or are substantially reversed in the period examined by the current study. Overall, the results of the current study contradict and undermine the conclusions in the authors’ earlier published work in support of staggered boards.
Ionospheric Responses to the July 15-16, 2000 Magnetic Storm Around Geographic Longitude 121 E

This study presents observed behavior of ionospheric responses using vertical total electron contents (VTEC) and NmF2. The data were collected from global positioning system (GPS) networks and ionosondes around the geographic longitude of 121E from mid- to low-latitudes for the severe magnetic storm on 15 July 2000. The results show that the severe magnetic storm caused significant density depletion and a G-condition occurrence in the western Pacific region on 15 - 16 July 2000. The G-condition is observed on the ionograms at Chung-Li station around 2330 UT on July 15. Furthermore, the variation of the F-peak height (HmF2) at Cebu indicates that a zonal electric field produced an upward drift and enhanced the fountain effect from 1000 UT on July 15. The observation of a G-condition indicates that a storm-induced neutral-wind circulation was the main cause of compositional change; i.e., an increase in the N2/O ratio and its associated loss coefficients that produced a negative storm phase along the chain of geographic longitude 121E.
Audiometric Characteristics of a Dutch Family with a New Mutation in GATA3 Causing HDR Syndrome

We present the case of a Dutch family with a new mutation (c523_528dup) in GATA3 causing HDR syndrome. HDR syndrome is characterised by hypoparathyroidism, deafness and renal defects. In this study, we describe the audiometric characteristics of 5 patients from this family. Their hearing impairment was congenital, bilateral and symmetric. Audiograms showed mild-to-moderate hearing impairment with a flat audiogram configuration. Higher frequencies tended to be affected more strongly. Cross-sectional analyses showed no progression, and a mean audiogram was established. Psychophysical measurements in 3 HDR patients - including speech reception in noise, loudness scaling, gap detection and difference limen for frequency - were obtained to assess hearing function in greater detail. Overall, the results of the psychophysical measurements indicated characteristics of outer hair cell loss. CT scanning showed no anomalies in 3 of the HDR patients. Although 2 patients displayed vestibular symptoms, no anomalies in the vestibular system were found by vestibulo-ocular examination. Our results are in agreement with the theory that outer hair cell malfunctioning can play a major role in HDR syndrome.
Subharmonic optical clock recovery from 160 Gb/s using time-dependent loss saturation inside a single electroabsorption modulator

A single electroabsorption modulator (EAM) is utilized to perform subharmonic all-optical timing extraction from 160 Gb/s. The extraction technique is based on fast time-dependent loss saturation inside the EAM. The extracted timing is used for optical clock recovery with /spl les/340 fs of timing jitter. The clock recovery technique is bit-rate flexible, and the bit-error-ratio measurements reveal an error-free operation with no receiver sensitivity penalty.
Crime Prevention on Farms: Experiences from Victoria, Australia

Whilst rural offending has hitherto been largely overlooked, the canon of scholarly examination of rural crime – including farm crime literature – is slowly growing. In addition to bearing financial costs for farming communities, rural crime bears significant social impacts. Implementation of crime prevention tactics and techniques is, therefore, essential to reducing farmer victimisation. Focussing on property theft from farms in Victoria, Australia, this article draws upon interviews with rural police members and survey data obtained from farmers, and considers the opportunities presented to offenders – often unwittingly by farmers themselves. It considers the situational crime prevention categories of increasing effort, increasing risk and reducing rewards – although developed for urban environments –for farmers and police in rural areas; and argues that improved capable guardianship on farms through human and electronic means, although difficult to achieve, can address farm victimisation and offending rates.
Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. A look back and a look ahead.

I is an honor and privilege to present the 1982 Duff Memorial Lecture. I should start by confessing that for some years I have felt a bit like a pretender in the field of atherosclerosis research. To be sure, I have been very much involved in lipid and lipoprotein research and so, to the extent that lipoproteins are involved in atherogenesis, I could justify my participation in the proceedings of the Council. But the voice of G. Lyman Duff himself made me uneasy. In a classic review he wrote in 1951 together with one of our outstanding past Chairmen, Gardner McMillan, he referred to overly enthusiastic champions of the lipid hypothesis as follows: "So popular has this view [the lipid hypothesis] become that the casual reader of recent literature might wonder whether some authors conceive of an atherosclerosis so independent of the substrate of the vessel wall that it may occur in the absence of the blood vessels themselves. " I hope that I am not one of those authors, but you can see that I would have felt uncomfortable presenting a Duff Lecture in which the cells of the artery wall did not make an appearance. I am relieved to be able to assure you that they will appear — even an intact artery. Duff was one of the greats among the pioneers working with the complex problem of atherosclerosis. Anyone who has read his papers knows how
Identifying key knowledge clusters by using social network analysis – a case study of Firmenich SA

In an innovation-driven economy, intangible assets (such as the information embodied in the relations between parties) are considered critical to the creation of new services and products. Still, innovation is viewed as a “black box” by managers, scholars and policymakers. In efforts to provide a better understanding of this process, this thesis shows a case study of the largest, privately-owned fragrance and flavor producers in the world – Firmenich SA. By employing their patent data the research provides support for the knowledge-based theory and portrays social network analysis as a promising tool for the identification of knowledge clusters. Consequently, the thesis identifies ten general knowledge agglomerations within the company and relates them to three categories: (1) type of innovation; (2) knowledge sources; (3) and attitude towards innovation. Based on these findings the study suggests a model for tackling innovation for high-tech organizations of similar size to Firmenich, in the chemical industries. The model allows the manager to choose the appropriate governance approach according to the decomposability and urgency of the identified issue.
Diode Pumped Erbium Cascade Fiber Lasers

Cascading the <sup>4</sup>I<sub>11/2</sub>→<sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> transition at 2.8 μm and <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub>→<sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub> transition at 1.6 μm offers a solution to the thermal management of high power Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped fluoride fiber lasers. We demonstrate an output power of 8.2 W at 2.8 μm from an Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped fluorozirconate fiber laser with 56 W of launched pump power at 975 nm by cascade laser operation with the 1.6-μm ground-state transition. By careful selection of the Er<sup>3+</sup> concentration that prevents significant interaction between Er<sup>3+</sup> ions, it is shown that cascade lasing can occur from simple resonator arrangements including Fresnel reflection from the ends of the fiber only. The unsaturated output power suggests that no competing transitions are oscillating which advocates that radiative quenching of the metastable <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> level provides an elegant way of reducing undesired heat generation. We show that core temperature increases at the tip of the pumped end of the fiber can be an order of magnitude lower than fiber lasers employing single transition oscillation. The potential of further power scaling is demonstrated and the experimental results are verified with the use of a numerical model.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESOURCES AND INFORMATION SECURITY

Information is an asset crucial for the survival of any organizations. Because of its importance, information needs to be safeguarded and protected, normally termed as information security. The ISO 27001:2005 defines information security as “the preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information”. Hence, information security is designed to protect the valuable data of the organization and it is importance in safe-guarding all organization's data from unauthorized access or modification to ensure its availability, confidentiality, and integrity. Realizing the importance of information security, researchers have studied and proposed various models for an effective implementation of information security. To further adds to this body of literature, this paper reports the findings of a study examining information systems resources and its effect on information security. Using the survey research method with questionnaire as the instrument for data collection, a total of 72 companies located in Klang Valley and Cyberjaya, Malayaia were engaged in the study. The findings suggest that, several dimensions of information systems resources are significant predictor of information security. The findings should be useful to both researchers and practitioners. As for the researchers, the model used can be further tested in other settings, while for the practitioners, it provides a useful guideline for improving their information systems infrastructure so as to protect and safeguard their organizational information.
Pervasive games in ludic society

In this paper we chart how pervasive games emerge from the intersection of two long-standing cultural trends, the increasing blurring of fact and fiction in media culture, and the movements struggling over public space. During the past few decades a third trend has given a new meaning to media fabrication and street cultures: the rise of ludus in the society through maturation of the gamer generations. As more and more activities are perceived as games in the contemporary society, fabricated media expression and performative sports pave the way for a new way of gaming. Born in the junction of playful, ordinary and fabricated, pervasive games toy with conventions and configurations of contemporary media.
A study of the role of professional development, job attitudes, and turnover among public park and recreation employees

Professional development and voluntary turnover of employees are key issues for researchers and managers increasingly concerned with the recruitment, education, and development of the next generation of public park and recreation professionals. This paper considers the issue of professional development within a human resource development framework and explores the relationship of satisfaction with training and development opportunities and career development with intentions to turnover. The study considers both traditional turnover models that have used the widely studied work-related attitudes of organizational commitment and job satisfaction as well as the unfolding model of voluntary turnover. This new approach to understanding turnover seeks to identify shock events that lead towards decisions to leave. This study extended this theory to the public park and recreation setting in considering satisfaction with professional development as a potential shock event. Using data collected from 134 full-time managerial level employees of Illinois public park and recreation agencies, both qualitative and quantitative approaches are utilized to explore what events or circumstances would result in respondents feeling they should leave their current employer. Further analysis considers the relationship between measures of organizational commitment and job satisfaction, professional development, and intention to turnover. Results show that while the majority of respondents felt they had adequate opportunities for training and development, many are concerned with a lack of guidance offered by their supervisors for career development. A relatively low number of respondents expressed intentions to turnover. Significant correlations were found between organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and satisfaction with professional development opportunities. The findings are discussed for their practical application to the development and management of human resources in public park and recreation agencies. The lack of professional development opportunities, and more specifically, supervisory support for career planning, are singled out for playing a potential role in the formation and maintenance of organizational commitment. Suggestions for future research on job attitudes, human resource development activities, and turnover are provided.
[Anti-stigma competence for mental health professionals: results of a pilot study of a further education programme for people working in psychiatric and psychosocial settings].

BACKGROUND Mental health professionals are an important target group for anti-stigma interventions, both as subjects to stigmatisation as well as stigmatising actors. Within the framework of the German Research Network on Schizophrenia, a further education training programme on "anti-stigma competence" was developed and evaluated for this target group in a pilot study. MATERIAL AND METHODS The control-group pilot study included a total of 11 trainings with 123 participants. "Social distance" and "addressing stigma" were assessed before, directly after and three months after the training sessions. "Addressing stigma" included the ability to recognise stigmatising situations and to act against them. RESULTS Social distance was significantly lower after the "anti-stigma competence" training than before and remained significantly lower after three months. Moreover, the ability to recognise and counteract stigma was significantly improved after three months. CONCLUSION The training on "anti-stigma competence" has been shown to be effective. The degree to which the training will have an impact on stigmatisation in real life of patients in mental health care institutions should be a target of future research.
The Molecular Requirements for Cytokinesis

After anaphase onset, animal cells build an actomyosin contractile ring that constricts the plasma membrane to generate two daughter cells connected by a cytoplasmic bridge. The bridge is ultimately severed to complete cytokinesis. Myriad techniques have been used to identify proteins that participate in cytokinesis in vertebrates, insects, and nematodes. A conserved core of about 20 proteins are individually involved with cytokinesis in most animal cells. These components are found in the contractile ring, on the central spindle, within the RhoA pathway, and on vesicles that expand the membrane and sever the bridge. Cytokinesis involves additional proteins, but they, or their requirement in cytokinesis, are not conserved among animal cells.
Feature-point driven 3D expression editing

Links for steel sprocket chains are each formed of a pair of dodecagon shaped broadened portions joined by a web with parallel sides. When cut from a sheet metal plate the boundary edges of the broadened portions and web of one link are in contact with and at least partially congruent to adjacent links.