Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Micro environment of Liver Cancer Using 3D Culture System

Tumor microenvironment has been the focus of many studies that highlighted its essential contribution to tumorigenesis. A two-way communication between the tumor and the surrounding microenvironment sustains and contributes to the growth and metastasis of the tumor by several means, such as extracellular matrix remodeling, fibroblasts activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis have been reported to be highly influenced by diverse microenvironmental elements. The main objective of this study is to create an in vitro model of liver cancer microenvironment that better recapitulate in vivo settings. The proposed model is based on three-dimensional co-culture system of liver cancer cells and non-malignant fibroblasts. The model presented herein exhibited a transcriptome profile associated with an aggressive phenotype that better mimics in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma, and therefore, a more reliable platform for anti-cancer drug screening.
McNamara 2011 MPMicro - Multi-Probe Microscopy (10/31/2011)

Alloyed semiconductor quantum dots (cadmium selenium telluride) with both homogeneous and gradient internal structures have been prepared to achieve continuous tuning of the optical properties without changing the particle size. Our results demonstrate that composition and internal structure are two important parameters that can be used to tune the optical and electronic properties of multicomponent, alloyed quantum dots. A surprising finding is a nonlinear relationship between the composition and the absorption/emission energies, leading to new properties not obtainable from the parent binary systems. With red-shifted light emission up to 850 nm and quantum yields up to 60%, this new class of alloyed quantum dots opens new possibilities in band gap engineering and in developing near-infrared fluorescent probes for in vivo molecular imaging and biomarker detection. R.E. Bailey, S. Nie (2003) Alloyed semiconductor quantum dots: tuning the optical properties without changing the particle size. J Am Chem Soc 125: 7100-7106. PMID: 12783563. Quantum Dots as QRET Donor to QSY9 or FRET donor to Cy3 & Cy3.5 Medintz et al (2003) demonstrated maltose biosensors based on QRET or FRET with quantum dots as donors. For quenching they used QSY9. For FRET they used double energy transfer to Cy3 and then Cy3.5 to better separate the fluorescence emission of the donor QD530 from the ultimate acceptor Cy3.5. Their supplementary online material (SOM, free online at Nature Materials, Supplementary Info, http://www.nature.com/nmat/journal/v2/n9/extref/nmat961-s1.pdf) shows the emission spectra for QD530 with Cy3 or Cy3.5, or Cy3 & Cy3.5.
The breeding biology of the Mangrove Gerygone, Gerygone laevigaster, in the Darwin region, with notes on brood parasitism by the Little Bronze-cuckoo, Chrysococcyx minutillus

Abstract Gerygones comprise 19 species of small (mostly 6–7 g) foliage-gleaning insectivores distributed from south-east Asia to New Zealand. I collected breeding data on the Mangrove Gerygone, Gerygone laevigaster, from several populations in and around Darwin, Northern Territory. The egg-laying season extended from March to October, coinciding with the late wet season and entire dry season, with peaks in April and October (n = 45). All populations showed repeat nesting after failure; one colour-banded pair made four attempts over one season. The species is apparently multi-brooded, one pair attempting a late brood after two previous successful broods. Most complete clutches (74%) were of two eggs, and the remainder, three. Most nests (84%) were built in Grey Mangroves, Avicennia marina, on the edge of saltflats, and 91% were in the top half of the nest plant. Incubation and nestling periods were 16–17 and 14–17 days, respectively. Of 31 nests whose fate was known, only three (10%) produced fledglings. Five broods (16%) were parasitised by Little Bronze-Cuckoos, Chrysococcyx minutillus; the incubation period for one cuckoo egg was about 15 days, while two nestling periods were estimated to be 18 and 24 days. Several nests were inundated by high spring tides, but predation was probably the major cause of nest failure: seven (23%) nests exhibited holes, six (19%) were destroyed, while eight (26%) showed no damage. The long, mainly dry-season, breeding of this species may be an adaption to greater insect availability at this time of the year, or avoidance of wet-season predators (such as reptiles), or both.
Electrochemical cycle for the conversion of the waste heat into electrical energy: the possibility of using in water transport

We developed a concept and calculated an efficiency of the electrochemical cycle of converting low-grade heat (temperature difference 10-80°C) into electricity. The cycle could be divided into two stages: creating a concentration difference by a solution distilled in a temperature gradient and electricity generation in concentration galvanic cell. The calculation shows that the efficiency of converting heat into electricity could reach 40-55% of Carnot efficiency in a temperature range of 0-100°C in the case of use of a multi-cascade distiller. The calculations show that ratio power/mass of the device is too low to be used in automobile or air transport, but it could be used in water transport.
Genetic structuring in Andean landlocked populations of Galaxias maculatus: effects of biogeographic history

Aim To test whether the genetic diversity of diadromous and landlocked populations of the small puyen Galaxias maculatus (known as jollytail in Australia and inanga in New Zealand) follow the same structuring patterns observed for migratory and non‐migratory species of the genus Galaxias. This work also aimed to test whether the genetic structuring of a group of populations could be predicted from differences in the geomorphologic history of the region they inhabit.
Biohydrogen production by the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana

Thermotoga neapolitana can use different sources of carbon and nitrogen for growth to produce biological hydrogen. In this study, sources of carbon (glucose, sucrose, xylose, xylan, cellulose, cellobiose, starch, corn starch, beet pulp pellet, and rice flour) and nitrogen (yeast extract, fish meal, cottonseed meal, canola meal, linseed meal, and soybean meal) were compared. In the carbon studies, glucose, sucrose, rice flour, and
Die Ätiopathogenese der Charcot-Arthropathie

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, vorbeschriebene Veranderungen bekannter Signalwege des Knochenstoffwechsels bei Patienten mit Charcot-Arthropathie (CA) in vivo nachzuvollziehen sowie weitere, an der CA moglicherweise beteiligte Transduktionswege und Mediatoren des Knochenstoffwechsels zu untersuchen und diese mit den Veranderungen bei T2DM zu vergleichen. Dies erfolgte anhand von Genexpressionsanalysen an humanen Knochenproben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein mogliches Gesamtbild der biomolekularen Grundlage der CA und setzen dieses dem besser bekannten Krankheitsbild der diabetischen Knochenkrankheit bei T2DM gegenuber. Gleichzeitig liefern unsere Ergebnisse neue Ansatzpunkte fur innovative Entwicklungen zur Behandlung der CA und tragen zur Verbesserung des Verstandnisses der Atiopathologie dieses Krankheitsbildes bei.
Testing for selection on the androgen‐binding protein in the Danish mouse hybrid zone

The three peripheral subspecies of the house mouse Mus musculus have fixed specific variants of the androgen-binding protein (ABP) that have been proposed to be part of a recognition mechanism that could participate in sexual isolation between the subspecies. We tested for selection on Abpa by characterizing the pattern of Abpa introgression across a transect of the hybrid zone between M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus in Jutland. On the musculus side, the cline for Abpa resembled that of a nearly neutral allozyme more than that of strongly selected X and Y chromosome markers. However, the high central step which displaces the tail of introgression of Abpa to higher frequencies was best accounted for by linkage to a locus under strong selection against hybrids. Still, we cannot exclude that this pattern results from weak selection against Abpa in the tail of introgression, which would be compatible with an assortative choice mechanism. On the domesticus side there was little introgression close to the hybrid zone, presumably due to a geographical barrier to migration. However, substantial frequencies of musculus alleles occurred further away, suggesting mixed colonization patterns as well as flow across the hybrid zone.
The role of weevils and of mowing in epidemics of Diaporthe adunca in naturally occurring populations of Plantago lanceolata

The aim of this paper is to report on how a complex pathosystem, consisting of the plant (Plantago lanceolata), the weevil (Trichosirocalus troglodytes) and the fungus (Diaporthe adunca) functions in natural populations. In laboratory and garden experiments the weevil has previously been shown to transmit the fungus to the spikes of P. lanceolata, where infection usually starts. However, the interactions of this pathosystem in natural situations were unknown, for example, if the weevil and the fungus occur at the same place and time. To study this as well as the preference of the weevil and the fungus for certain environmental conditions, transects at 23 locations in the Netherlands were laid out. The effect of one of the environmental factors namely the mowing regime on epidemics of the fungus was experimentally tested in a hayfield. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that weevil and fungus preferred the same habitat. However, the data obtained during two years in 13 permanent transects, showed that the weevil was only active in spring and that the epidemic reached its maximum in autumn. These findings together with additional, circumstantial evidence presented suggest that the weevil does not play an important role in the transmission of the fungus in natural situations. The experiment with the mowing regimes showed that active management can exert an important effect on epidemics of the fungus. The later the vegetation is mown, the lower the level of disease at the end of the season. Late mowing can be seen as having a sanitary effect and might have negative consequences for disease occurrence in the long run. [KEYWORDS: insect herbivore; pathogen; epidemic; PCA; Plantago lanceolata; vector Phomopsis-subordinaria; lawn weeds; major l; disease;variability; genecology]
EVALUASI RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN GERIATRI DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUD KARDINAH KOTA TEGAL PERIODE 2016

Hypertension is a disease characterized by persistent elevated arterial blood pressure and required a life-long treatment. Hypertension disease is a disease with high number of cases and mortality rate, therefore it needs the right therapy to suppress the morbidity rate. One aspect relating to this is the rationality of medicine use. The evaluation in use of antihypertensive medicine aims to ensure the rational use of medicine on people with hypertension. This research aims to obtain a description of the rationality in use of antihypertensive medicine on geriatric patients at inpatient care faculty of RSUD Kardinah Tegal City period 2016. This research is a non experimental research in the form of retrospective survey conducted through medical record of geriatric hypertensive patients who are undergoing hospitalization at RSUD Kardinah Tegal City period 2016. This research was conducted by evaluating the rationale use of geriatric antihypertensive medicine based on the proper patient, proper indication, proper medicine, and proper dose. As many as 84 patients datas were obtained compared to Hospital Formulary and guideline JNC VII. The results of this research showed the use of geriatric antihypertensive medicine, Amlodipine 32,14% and combination of 2 medicine (amlodipin dan valsartan) 14,30%. The evaluation of the rationality in use of geriatric hypertensive medicine as follows, 100% proper patient, 100% proper indication, 100% proper medicine, 100% proper dose. Keyword : Hypertension, evaluation of medicine use, geriatric
Status of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis>/em> (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae) in Vorarlberg, Austria

Prehistoric and historic records of Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) for the western Austrian province of Vorarlberg and adjacent regions are reviewed. Two recently captured pond turtles allowed the first analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes for the province. Both turtles represent lineage IV haplotypes, whereas lineage II is expected to be native. We conclude that native E. orbicularis are extinct in Vorarlberg.
Role of Coelomocytes in Stress Response and Fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans

Coelomocytes are specialized cells that continually and nonspecifically scavenge fluid from the body cavity through endocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our previous study revealed that coelmocytes were specifically required for dietary-restriction-induced longevity in C. elegans. In the present study, we examined the effect of coelomocyte ablation on the response to environmental stressors and reproduction in C. elegans. Coelomocytes were ablated using diphtheria toxin specifically expressed in coelomocytes. After exposing worms to 20 J/㎠/min of ultraviolet irradiation in vivo, the survival of the worms was monitored daily. To examine their response to heat stress, their survival after 10 h of 35° C heat shock was measured. Oxidative stress was induced using paraquat, and the susceptibility to oxidative stress was compared between wild-type control and coelomocyte-ablated worms. The total number of progeny produced was counted, and the time-course distribution of the progeny was determined. The worms with ablated coelomocytes showed reduced resistance to ultraviolet irradiation, but the ablation of coelomocytes had no effect on their response to heat or oxidative stress. The number of progeny produced during the gravid period was significantly decreased in the coelomocyte-ablated worms. These findings suggest that coelomocytes specifically modulate the response to ultraviolet irradiation and are required for normal reproduction in C. elegans. The findings could contribute to understanding of the mechanisms underlying dietary-restriction-induced longevity.
Molecular Imaging of 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In Vivo: Current Status and Perspectives

Nicotine, named after the French diplomat Jean Nicot who brought the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum) to France, isolated in 1828 as the major pharmacologically active compound in this plant (Posselt & Reimann, 1828), structurally identified between 1890 and 1893 (Pinner, 1893; Pinner & Wolffenstein, 1891), and first synthesized chemically in 1903 (Pictet, 1903), acts on various subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the brain and in the periphery (Changeux, 2010; Langley, 1906). Besides tobacco, nicotine is found in plants of the nightshade family (solanaceae) such as tomato, potato, peppers and aubergine (eggplant) but also in tea plants (Schep et al., 2009). Accordingly, it is regularly taken up by the great majority of the human population with a mean daily dietary intake of approximately 1.4 μg per day (Siegmund et al., 1999). The alkaloid is readily absorbed by the lung or intestinal tissue, distributed by the blood and transported across the blood-brain barrier (Allen & Lockman, 2003; Oldendorf et al., 1979). When inhaled it takes about seven seconds for nicotine to reach the brain (Rose et al., 2010), where it binds with high affinity to the heteromeric ┙4┚2 and the homomeric ┙7 nAChRs, the two most abundant nAChR populations (Changeux, 2010). In the brain, nAChRs are involved in attention and cognition, locomotion, vigilance control, and rewarding mechanisms (Changeux, 2010; Graef et al., 2011), and they are suggested to play a major role in brain development (Hruska et al., 2009; Ross et al., 2010). Notably, nicotinic receptors, and in particular ┙7 nAChR, are not only expressed on neurons but virtually on all cell types present in the brain including astrocytes (Sharma & Vijayaraghavan, 2001), microglia (De Simone et al., 2005; Suzuki et al., 2006), oligodendrocyte precursor cells (Sharma & Vijayaraghavan, 2002), and endothelial cells (Hawkins et al., 2005). Accordingly, neuronal and non-neuronal expression of ┙7 nAChR has also been found in peripheral organs (Albuquerque et al., 2009; Sharma & Vijayaraghavan, 2002). Molecular imaging in vivo as considered in this review relates exclusively to the use of radiolabelled receptor ligands, although occasionally optical imaging has been used to investigate the cholinergic system (Prakash & Frostig, 2005). Molecular imaging of ┙4┚2 nAChR in vivo has recently been reviewed (Horti et al., 2010; Sabri et al., 2008). Therefore, the current review is focussed on neuroimaging of ┙7 nAChRs.
Molecular aspects of antibody-antigen interactions: size reduction of a herpes simplex virus neutralizing antibody and its antigen

Antibody molecules, produced as a response against foreign substances, interact with their antigen in a very specific manner. Antibodies with a predetermined specificity (monoclonal antibodies) can be produced and are widely used in medicine and science as indicator molecules. Genetic engineering of antibody molecules offers the possibility to study the nature of the antibody-antigen interaction in more detail and to modify antibody molecules for specific applications. Only a small part of the antibody molecule is directly involved in antigen binding. This antigen binding site is made up of the variable domains of the heavy- and light chain. Also, only part of the antigen molecule is involved in the antibody-antigen interaction. The part of the antigen that is involved in the interaction with the antibody is referred to as the ‘epitope’. For some applications size reduction of the antibody molecule could be beneficial, e.g. a more stable ligand in biosensor applications and in immunoaffinity chromatography, and for structural investigations with NMR spectroscopy. In this thesis size reduction of both the antibody and the antigen are studied in order to identify the minimal parts of the molecules involved in the interaction. For this purpose the monoclonal antibody A16, that recognizes an epitope on glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus, was used as a model system. Several approaches for size reduction of the A16 antibody were studied simultaneously. Antibody fragments of different size derived from the variable domains, either produced in E. coli or as synthetic peptides, were evaluated. The soluble expression of recombinant fragments proved to be very difficult. Unfortunately, neither the recombinant fragments nor the synthetic peptides showed a detectable affinity towards the antigen. Hence, antigen binding of fragments smaller than the Fv (made up of the variable domains of heavy- and light chain) is only encountered in very special cases. In order to identify the minimal part of the antigen involved in the interaction with the antibody, A16 was used to select binding peptides from a large library of random peptides that are displayed on the surface of a filamentous bacteriophage. A binding pattern of three essential amino acid residues was identified. With the use of synthetic peptides and biosensor technology a seven residue peptide was identified as the minimal antibody binding site. A peptide derived from the library displayed similar binding- and immunological characteristics as a peptide derived from the antigen (glycoprotein D). This method failed to select binding peptides using the non-antibody target myoglobin. During these studies a method was developed to study the binding characteristics of selected phage clones, prior to DNA sequencing and peptide synthesis, using biosensor technology.
The appropriateness of the Tower of LondonDX to measure executive skills in children during neuropsychological assessment: a rapid review

33 The appropriateness of the Tower of LondonDX to measure executive skills in children during neuropsychological assessment: a rapid review.34 The effects of executive skills impairment.35 Neuropsychological assessments and executive skills in children.35 The Tower of London.37 Aims and objectives.39 Methodology.39 Research design.39 Data generation.40 Data analysis.43 Scientific rigour.47 Ethical considerations.47 Results.48 Evidence that the TOLDX has diagnostic/clinical utility.48 Total Move Score.48 Total Initiation Time.49 Total Execution Time.49 Total Time Violations.50 Total Rule Violations.50 Classification accuracy.50 Measuring different aspects of executive functioning.51 Evidence that the TOLDX is a valid and reliable measure in children.51 Reliability.51 Validity.52 Evidence that the TOLDX is able to differentiate between different age levels.52 Total Move Score.52 Total Rule Violations.52 Total Time Violations.52 Limitations of the TOLDX . 53 Discussion.54 Conclusion.59 Recommendations.59 References.61 3 CRITICAL REFLECTION.68 Conclusion.71 APPENDIX A: CRITICAL APPRAISAL.72 APPENDIX B: DECLARATION BY LANGUAGE EDITOR.73
Anatomy and Function of the Nucleus Accumbens In the Pigeon (Columba livia)

Relatively little is known about the existence and traits of a possible nucleus accumbens (Acc) region in non-mammals. The current project investigated a likely candidate for such a structure in pigeons, the medioventral (mvMSt) and mediodorsal (mdMSt) parts of avian medial striatum (MSt). The methods employed were threefold: 1) tract-tracing to determine anatomical connections of the MSt; 2) lesion studies to assess MSt's role in a cognitive task (reversal learning); and 3) measuring an immediate-early gene induced protein, ZENK, in striatal regions during courtship behavior in male pigeons. The MSt was found to have many forebrain (amygdala, hippocampus, dorsal thalamus) and midbrain (ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra) connections similar to those of Acc. In addition, differences in connection patterns between mvMSt and mdMSt indicated that mvMSt was comparable to the shell of Acc, while the mdMSt showed characteristics of Acc core. Effects of MSt lesions on pattern discrimination and reversal learning were assessed. Both lesion subjects and controls performed similarly on original discrimination. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in MSt lesioned birds compared to controls. However, there was a tendency for the two groups to make different types of errors. Error patterns indicated that sham-lesioned birds had deficits due to key preference, whereas lesioned birds had fixation on previous reward contingencies (perseverative errors). The performance of the lesioned birds was consistent with Acc lesion effects on reversal learning in mammals. The expression of ZENK in the mvMSt, mdMSt, lateral MSt, and lateral striatum of male birds exposed to either an empty cage or a live female pigeon was quantified. Higher ZENK expression was found in the live pigeon condition for all the striatal structures. However, the degree of difference between live and empty was much higher in the mvMSt and mdMSt than in the other areas. Therefore, mvMSt and mdMSt appear to play a role in anticipatory sexual behaviors, as has been shown in Acc. The anatomical and functional data from the current study indicate that avian mMSt has numerous similarities with mammalian Acc. These findings will contribute to understanding the evolution of mammalian Acc and identifying the functional significance of avian MSt.