Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progression of radiologic damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether radiologic progression occurs during clinical remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS One hundred eighty-seven patients with RA in clinical remission were followed up clinically and radiologically for 2 years. Clinical remission was defined according to a modification of the American College of Rheumatology criteria (i.e., the criterion of fatigue was omitted, and patients had to fulfill 4 of the 5 remaining criteria). Radiologic joint damage was assessed by the Sharp/van der Heijde method. RESULTS After 2 years of followup, remission persisted in 52% of patients. The median radiologic score for the total group of patients increased from 21 (interquartile range [IQR] 5, 65) at the time of entry to 25 (IQR 7, 72) after 2 years (P < 0.001). The median score for radiologic progression between baseline and 2 years was 0.5 (IQR 0, 2.5). Among patients with an exacerbation of RA (n = 86), the median score for progression over 2 years was 1.0 (IQR 0, 4.5) (P < 0.001), and in patients with a persistent remission (n = 93) it was 0 (IQR -0.5, 2.0) (P < 0.001). Clinically relevant progression of damage was more frequent in patients with exacerbation (23%) than in those with persistent remission (7%) (P = 0.001). However, in 15% of patients with persistent remission, an erosion developed in a previously unaffected joint. In the logistic regression analysis, the area under the curve of the Disease Activity Score, a continuous measure, was related to the chance of radiologic progression, regardless of the absolute disease activity level. Results were similar when other definitions of remission were used. CONCLUSION Although rare, clinically relevant progression of joint damage does occur in patients with RA in prolonged remission. This suggests the need for markers that predict progression during periods of low disease activity and for drugs that prevent damage that is independent of disease activity.
The Mandibular Septum: Anatomical Observations of the Jowls in Aging—Implications for Facial Rejuvenation

Background: The following study was undertaken to address the following questions: (1) Why do soft tissues over the mandibular body appear to be tethered to the jaw, restricting inferior descent? (2) Why does characteristic surface anatomy appear as it does? (3) What is the anatomical basis of jowl fat? Methods: Sixteen hemifacial cadaver dissections were performed after injecting methylene blue into subcutaneous regions around the mandibular body. Dissection was performed using loupe magnification. Results: Discrete compartments of subcutaneous fat were identified. Two subcutaneous compartments above the mandibular border make up the substance of the jowl fat: A superior compartment and an inferior compartment. A subcutaneous fat compartment below the mandibular border was identified. Buccal fat is distinct from jowl fat. Jowl fat is separated from the submandibular fat by a septum. This septum is adherent to the mandibular body. Fibers from the platysma interdigitate with the mandibular septum and both adhere to the anterior border of the mandible. Conclusions: There are distinct overlapping subcutaneous fat compartments above and below the mandibular border that define jowl fat. Buccal fat is anatomically independent from the jowl fat. The mandibular septum, separating jowl from neck fat, travels across and is adherent to the anterior surface of the body of the mandible. The mandibular septum tethers skin to the border of the mandible. This anatomical relationship is similar to the temporal septa and cheek septa and further suggests that facial rejuvenation should be performed in a site-specific manner.
Ultrathin-Film Transistors Based on Ultrathin Amorphous InZnO Films

Ultrathin amorphous InZnO (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IZO) films and the corresponding ultrathin-film transistors (UTFTs) have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for the first time here. With ultrathin amorphous ZnSnO (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ZTO) films and the related UTFTs as a comparison, the properties of ultrathin a-IZO films and behaviors of the corresponding UTFTs were studied in detail. Also, we have taken a new approach to compare the content of oxygen vacancies (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\textit {O}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) of different systems, which explains their different properties and behaviors well. The thickness of the ultrathin a-IZO film is approximately 3.1 nm. Compared to ultrathin a-ZTO films, ultrathin a-IZO films depict lower <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{O}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> content and lower carrier concentration. In addition, ultrathin <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-IZO films display very high transmittance over 95% in the visible region. Furthermore, a-IZO UTFTs exhibit better performance than a-ZTO UTFT, such as a lower off-current of 3.3 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \,\,10^{-10}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A, a larger <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I} _{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.5\times 10^{7}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a larger <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu _{\text {sat}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 20.7 cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}\,\,{V} ^{-1}\,\,{s} ^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a smaller <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V} _{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1.2 V (operating in the enhancement mode), a lower subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.303 V/decade, and a lower <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N} _{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.9\times 10^{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<sup>−2</sup>. Meanwhile, the long-term stability of a-IZO UTFT is similar to a-ZTO UTFT. Above all, a-IZO UTFTs exhibit excellent performance and may be a promising candidate for future displays.
A Study of the Behaviour of the Old Male and Female Indian Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra) Linn. (Mammalia Artodactyla) in the Context of Herd Size at M.C. Zoological Park, Chattbir (Pb.)

The herd size of Indian Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra) Linn. is studied at M.C Zoological park, Chhatbir (Pb). During the studies the behaviour of the old male and female black buck was contrary to the normal herd composition. The present studies revealed that the old male and female black buck remains lonely during most part of the year in comparison to the young bucks and does.
"WhatsApp is for family; Messenger is for friends": Communication Places in App Ecosystems

Today's users communicate via multiple apps, even when they offer almost identical functionality. We studied how and why users distribute their contacts within their app ecosystem. We found that the contacts in an app affect a user's conversations with other contacts, their communication patterns in the app, and the quality of their social relationships. Users appropriate the features and technical constraints of their apps to create idiosyncratic communication places, each with its own recursively defined membership rules, perceived purposes, and emotional connotations. Users also shift the boundaries of their communication places to accommodate changes in their contacts' behaviour, the dynamics of their relationships, and the restrictions of the technology. We argue that communication apps should support creating multiple communication places within the same app, relocating conversations across apps, and accessing functionality from other apps.
Binding of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (+)-[3H] isopropyl-4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,4-dihydro-5-methoxycarbonyl-2, 6-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate (PN200-110) to RINm5F membranes and cells: characterization and functional significance.

This report provides direct evidence for a dihydropyridine receptor/calcium channel in the insulin-secreting beta-cell line RINm5F. The receptor/channel can modulate the intracellular Ca++ concentration and the resultant insulin secretion by regulating the influx of extracellular Ca++ through dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent L-type Ca++ channels. Elevated extracellular K+ or the dihydropyridine Ca++ channel agonist, BAY k 8644 [methyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)pyridine-5-carboxylate], stimulated the uptake of 45Ca++, raised [Ca++]i, and increased insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. These actions were inhibited by L-type Ca++ channel blockers including nitrendipine, verapamil and diltiazem. (+)-[3H]PN200-110 bound specifically with high affinity to RINm5F cell membranes (Kd approximately 200 pM). Specific binding was inhibited competitively by dihydropyridines whereas phenylalkylamines inhibited incompletely (+)-[3H]PN200-110 binding, consistent with an allosteric interaction. The benzothiazepine diltiazem had no effect on (+)-[3H]PN200-110 binding in the presence of Ca++, but increased binding allosterically in the absence of Ca++ (in the presence of EGTA). Maximal (+)-[3H]PN200-110 binding required divalent cations, with Mg++, Mn++ and Ba++ essentially as effective as Ca++ in reversing the effects of EGTA, whereas binding was not supported by Cd++ or La . Specific high affinity (+)-[3H]PN200-110 binding was also demonstrated in intact RINm5F cells and shown to be modulated by membrane potential. Depolarization of the cells by raising extracellular K+ from 5 to 80 mM increased the affinity of (+)-[3H]PN200-110 4- to 5-fold (decreased Kd) with no significant effect on the maximum number of binding sites.
5&agr;-Reductase inhibitors in androgenetic alopecia

Purpose of reviewThe authors will review the current literature on efficacy and safety of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5&agr;RIs) for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Recent findingsThe 5&agr;RI finasteride and dutasteride are effective in treating AGA and promoting hair regrowth. 5&agr;RI can be given orally, topically and more recently through mesotherapy. However, there has been an increasing concern about permanent sexual adverse events such as impotence and infertility. Most of these reports are published as case reports, and two studies reporting persistent sexual side-effects after discontinuation of finasteride had serious method limitations, as patients were recruited from a website. To our knowledge, permanent sexual adverse events have yet to be published in higher quality studies, such as randomized controlled trials. Although patients treated with 5&agr;RIs have an increased incidence of sexual adverse events, these events decrease if discontinued or over time with continued therapy. SummarySexual side-effects are uncommon and resolve spontaneously in most patients even without discontinuing therapy. Significant effort is underway to find delivery systems that optimize delivery and reduce systemic absorption of topical 5&agr;Rs including hydroxypropyl chitosan and liposomal and nanoparticulate systems.
Real‐time monitoring of recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

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Laparoscopic management of small bowel obstruction caused by a Sigmoid Mesocolic hernia

Internal hernias involve protrusion of viscera through the peritoneum or mesentery into a compartment in the abdominal cavity. Hernias occurring through the meso-sigmoid are rare and the most common presentation of this entity is an acute small intestinal obstruction. Pre-operative diagnosis is often difficult and the diagnosis is usually made at surgery. Traditionally, open surgery is used to manage a meso-sigmoid hernia. We report a patient with meso-sigmoid hernia causing intestinal obstruction managed successfully by the laparoscopic approach.
The Background and Exploration on Decision Support System Applied in the Media

In China, traditional media which make decision using experience and partial data cannot acclimatize itself to the more variable and competitive industry environment. So it is imperative for media managers to make decision by using information technology. The article discusses the background, meaning, system architecture, and functions of the media Decision Support System, combined with the China Central Television's exploration of the same field.
THE TROUBLE WITH BUBBLES

Recent debate amongst some sections of the diving community has concerned the relative benefits of using new ascent and decompression strategies based on calculations of the presence and behaviour of microbubbles. This debate has extended to concern over the relative safety of standard entry level agency decompression/no stop tables. The concern stems from the fact that recent research and opinion regarding the formation of microbubbles on ascent from depth and their role in predisposing towards decompression sickness (DCS), would urge greater caution and, at the very least, slower ascent rates than those recommended in standard diver training. As such, it would seem prudent to review the information that is available in order to have an objective view of the subject of decompression stress and microbubble formation such that informed opinions can be developed prior to recommending any changes in diving practice and/or training principles. Whilst this is certainly relevant to the way our own club views things, obviously the ramifications are broad and need to be viewed in the context of the way the diving community as a whole views and reacts to the current trends. Whilst it is beyond the scope of this article to deal with the theories of decompression and microbubble dynamics in great detail, it is nevertheless necessary to touch on some of the basic principles in order to understand how recent research is changing the way people are thinking at the leading edge of diving. These are the people who are involved in research and in extreme technical diving who need to be able to evolve new and safer techniques in order to push the decompression envelope. It is after all, the empirical testing of these new principles that eventually make our recreational sport diving safer and more enjoyable through the development of better decompression models. Where necessary, the interested reader will be referred to more in depth and informed articles.
Sirolimus Stimulates Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation Into Smooth Muscle Cells via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase/&bgr;-Catenin Signaling Pathway

Objective—Sirolimus-eluting stent therapy has achieved considerable success in overcoming coronary artery restenosis. However, there remain a large number of patients presenting with restenosis after the treatment, and the source of its persistence remains unclarified. Although recent evidence supports the contribution of vascular stem/progenitor cells in restenosis formation, their functional and molecular responses to sirolimus are largely unknown. Approach and Results—Using an established technique, vascular progenitor cells were isolated from adventitial tissues of mouse vessel grafts and purified with microbeads specific for stem cell antigen-1. We provide evidence that vascular progenitor cells treated with sirolimus resulted in an induction of their migration in both transwell and wound healing models, clearly mediated by CXCR4 activation. We confirmed the sirolimus-mediated increase of migration from the adventitial into the intima side using an ex vivo decellularized vessel scaffold, where they form neointima-like lesions that expressed high levels of smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers (SM-22&agr; and calponin). Subsequent in vitro studies confirmed that sirolimus can induce SMC but not endothelial cell differentiation of progenitor cells. Mechanistically, we showed that sirolimus-induced progenitor-SMC differentiation was mediated via epidermal growth factor receptor and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 activation that lead to &bgr;-catenin nuclear translocation. The ablation of epidermal growth factor receptor, extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2, or &bgr;-catenin attenuated sirolimus-induced SM-22&agr; promoter activation and SMC differentiation. Conclusions—These findings provide direct evidence of sirolimus-induced progenitor cell migration and differentiation into SMC via CXCR4 and epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular signal–regulated kinase/&bgr;-catenin signal pathways, thus implicating a novel mechanism of restenosis formation after sirolimus-eluting stent treatment.
Imaging Cleared Intact Biological Systems at a Cellular Level by 3DISCO

Tissue clearing and subsequent imaging of transparent organs is a powerful method to analyze fluorescently labeled cells and molecules in 3D, in intact organs. Unlike traditional histological methods, where the tissue of interest is sectioned for fluorescent imaging, 3D imaging of cleared tissue allows examination of labeled cells and molecules in the entire specimen. To this end, optically opaque tissues should be rendered transparent by matching the refractory indices throughout the tissue. Subsequently, the tissue can be imaged at once using laser-scanning microscopes to obtain a complete high-resolution 3D image of the specimen. A growing list of tissue clearing protocols including 3DISCO, CLARITY, Sca/e, ClearT2, and SeeDB provide new ways for researchers to image their tissue of interest as a whole. Among them, 3DISCO is a highly reproducible and straightforward method, which can clear different types of tissues and can be utilized with various microscopy techniques. This protocol describes this straightforward procedure and presents its various applications. It also discusses the limitations and possible difficulties and how to overcome them.
Studies on Highly Soluble Azo Sulfonamides

Since the early observations of Kellner (1936) and Fuller (1937), who demonstrated that p-aminobenzenesulfonamide (sulfanilamide) is formed in animal tissues when prontosill or prontosil soluble2 (neoprontosil3) is administered by mouth, and the studies by Domagk (1935), Colebrook and Kenney (1936), and Colebrook, Buttle, and O'Meara (1936), wherein they were unable to demonstrate an antibacterial effect on the part of the latter compounds in titro, very little attention has been directed to similar studies on other azo sulfonamides. Inasmuch as several heterocyclic substituted sulfanilamide derivatives, namely, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, and sulfadiazine, have proved to be superior to sulfanilamide in their antibacterial effects against many organisms both in vitro and in vivo, it appeared worth while to compare the activity of these compounds with that of their azo sulfonamide counterparts. An azo preparation with interesting properties, including the ability to inactivate lysozyme (Lawrence and Klingel, 1943), was prepared by coupling diazotized sulfathiazole with the symmetrical carbamide of 2R acid. The other soluble azo dyes were formed by coupling the diazotized parent sulfonamide compounds with sodium 1-hydroxy-7-acetylaminonaphthalene-3,6-disulfonate, hereafter described as "acetyl-2R acid. " Diphenyl-sulfone-4,4'-disazo-acetyl2R acid (a sulfone) and 6-sulfaquinoline-azo-acetyl-2R acid completed the series of drugs studied. The structural formulae and molecular weights of several of these compounds are given in figure 1. The organisms against which the compounds were tested in vitro included Staphylococcus aureus 209, Streptococcus pyogenes C-203, a viridans streptococcus, types I, II, and III pneumococci, and members of the Brucella group.
Inelastic transport through normal-metal-superconductor interfaces.

A theory for inelastic transport through normal-metal-superconductor (NS) interfaces is presented that is applicable throughout the entire range of interface transmittances from the tunneling (low-interface transmittance) to the point-contact (high-interface transmittance) limits. This theory predicts that the excitation of a particular mode of energy hw leads to a step up in conductance at a voltage eV=hω+Δ in the tunneling limit, and a step down in conductance at a voltage eV=hω-Δ in the point-contact limit. A broad, flat distribution of possible energy-loss modes in the interface region results in a linear conduction increase for high-resistance contacts, and a linear conductance decrease for low-resistance contacts
Effect of structure in ionized albumin – based nanoparticle: Characterisation, Emodin interaction, and in vitro cytotoxicity

A γ–irradiated bovine albumin serum based nanoparticle was characterised structurally, and functionally. The nanoparticle was characterised by A.F. M, D.L. S, zeta potential, T.E. M. , gel-electrophoresis, spectroscopy (UV-Vis, Fluorescence, FT-IR, and CD). Its stability was studied under adverse experimental conditions: pH values, chaotropic agents, and ionic strength and stability studies against time were mainly carried out by fluorescence spectroscopy following the changes in the tryptophan environment in the nanoparticle. Its function was studied by the interaction of the NP with the hydrophobic drug Emodin was studied. The binding and kinetic properties of the obtained complex were tested by biophysical methods as well as its toxicity in tumour cells. According to its biophysics, the nanoparticle is a spherical nanosized vehicle with a hydrodynamic diameter of 70 nm. Data obtained describe the nanoparticle alone as nontoxic for cancer cell lines. When combined with Emodin, the bioconjugate proved to be more active on MCF-7 and PC-3 cancer cell lines than the nanoparticle alone. No haemolytic activity was found when tested against ex vivo red blood cells. The stability of the albumin nanoparticle is based on a competition between short-range attraction forces and long-range repulsion forces. The nanoparticle showed similar behaviour as albumin against pH while improving its stability in urea and tween 80. It was stable up to 15 days and presented no protein degradation in solutions up to 2 M salt concentration. Significantly, the albumin aggregate preserves the main activity-function of albumin and improved characteristics as an excellent carrier of molecules. Graphical Abstract