Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FEEDING APPLICATIONS IN KOI FISH CULTURE (Cyprinus carpio L.)

This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio L) culture with the use of alternative feed plus probiotics, compared with a koi fish culture with use of comercial feed. The method used is descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative analysis. The calculations show that the koi fish culture with use of alternative feed plus probiotics comparing with koi fish culture with use commercial feed, respectively, had profit = 6.28 million rupiahs and 25.971 million rupiahs / year; Rentability = 30.63 and 126.69%; R / C ratio = 1.14 and 1.59; Break Event Point Unit = 307.43 and 128 fish; and payback period = 3.26 and 0.10 years. It can be concluded that the the koi fish culture in the village of Lumbang with the use of alternative feed plus probiotics more efficient, profitable, and deserves to be run and developed by fish farmers in the village of Lumbang, compared with koi fish culture with the use of the commercial feed
Studies on Expression and Function of Vsig1 Gene

The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern of Vsig1 during testis development and analysis of the conditional Vsig1knockout mouse, transgenic Cyto-Vsig1 and Villin-Vsig1 mouse. Expression analysis revealed that Vsig1 gene transcribes two alternatively spliced mRNA variants, namely 2.4-kb Vsig1A and 1.6-kb Vsig1B. The Vsig1A transcript is regulated by sequences locating in 5 flanking region of exon1a, while the shorter transcript Vsig1B is presumably directed by sequence locating in the 5 flanking region of exon1b. Northern blot analysis showed that Vsig1A is expressed in Sertoli cells of testis and in glandular epithelium of stomach. RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of Vsig1A during embryonic development of testis. Expression of Vsig1B was first detectable in testis of postnatal day 20 suggesting that the expression of Vsig1B is restricted to haploid spermatids. Immunofluorescent analysis of testis sections and germ cell suspension revealed that VSIG1 is localized in the centrosome of dividing germ cells and elongated spermatids. Western blot analysis showed the presence of the shorter VSIG1B protein in the cytoplasmic fraction of testis extract. The centrosomal localization of VSIG1 was also confirmed by immunofluorescent staining of primary fibroblast, NIH 3T3 embryonic fibroblast and embryonic stem cells (ESC). The VSIG1 was colocalized with γ-tubulin, a centrosomal marker, in centrosomes of all stages of mitotic division.
Inorganic nanoparticles as nucleic acid transporters into eukaryotic cells

The review is concerned with inorganic nanoparticles (gold, titanium dioxide, silica, iron oxides, calcium phosphate) used as nucleic acid transporters into mammalian cells. Methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles and approaches to surface modification through covalent or noncovalent attachment of low- or high-molecular-weight compounds are considered. The data available from the literature on biological action of nucleic acids delivered into the cells by nanoparticles and on the effect of nanoparticles and their conjugates and complexes on the cell survival are summarized. Pathways of cellular internalization of nanoparticles and the mechanism of their excretion, as well as the ways of release of nucleic acids from their complexes with nanoparticles after the cellular uptake are described.
Optimization of carboxymetyhlcellulase and polyoses production from oil palm empty fruit bunch fermentation by Trichoderma Virens

Optimization of CMCase and polyoses production by Trichoderma virens via batch culture fermentation of pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was carried out using statistical software of Design Expert ® version 6.0.4. The General Factorial Design was applied to study the influence of nitrogen sources towards CMCase production. Combination of peptone and ammonium sulphate with C:N 39.2 mM significantly increased CMCase activities, specific activity and total polyoses production. Mixture of peptone and ammonium sulphate was further utilized for screening of significant factors for CMCase production using 2-Level Factorial Design. The significant factors that influenced CMCase production were temperature, pH, fermentation time, concentration of substrate and Tween 80. These significant factors were used for optimization process using central composite design (CCD). The optimal conditions which stimulate the highest CMCase production and its specific activity were 7 days fermentation, 0.4% (v/v) of Tween 80 concentration, 0.1% (w/v) OPEFB concentration, 25oC and initial pH at 5.56. Under those optimum conditions, CMCase production was 0.39 U/mL and specific activity at 0.24 U/mg, indicated the improvement of 1.9 fold as compared to that of non optimized condition. The polyoses production increased for 2.5 fold in comparison with that of non optimized conditions. Various types of polyoses were produced such as cellobiose, maltose, glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose.
Proteomics analysis of somatic embryogenesis in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Oil palm is an important commercial crop in Malaysia where Malaysia is the second largest producer and exporter of palm oilin the world. In order to meet the increasing demand for palm oil, elite oil palm planting materials with higher palm oil yield are the desirable planting materials. Hence, the oil palm plantation companies have incorporated in vitro micropropagation technique through somatic embryogenesis in producing elite oil palm. However, low embryogenesis rate has hampered large production of elite oil palm ramets. In this study, proteomic technology was deployed to compare protein expression and identify differential expressed protein between high and low proliferated embryogenic lines of oil palm tissue culture. From the study, total protein of oil palm young and old leaves was extracted using an optimized trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation protocol followed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) fractionation to isolate low abundance proteins. Then, the extracted proteins were separated on two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and protein profiles between the high and low proliferated embryogenic lines were compared. Total of 40 differentially expressed protein spots were isolated from the 2D gel for mass spectrophotometry (MS/MS) identification. However, only 26 out of 40 protein spots were identified and just 8 of the identified protein spots were isolated from young leaves. Quantitative real-time PCR were conducted on 17 proteins candidates to study on the relationship between the protein and mRNA expression level. There was 29% of the 17 proteins’ expression showed linear correlation with their mRNA expression. These proteins candidates were highlighted for further validation in the future.
Estudo de polimorfismos dos genes CXCR2 e IL-8 em pacientes com câncer de próstata e grupo controle

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an angiogenic CXC chemokine that plays an important role in both the development and progression of several human malignancies including prostate cancer (PC). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at -251 upstream of the transcriptional start site of the IL-8 gene has been shown to influence its production. The effects of IL-8 are mediated by two highly related chemokine receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. The present study investigated the influence of the IL-8 and CXCR2 gene variation on susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of PC in a group of Brazilian subjects. Two hundred and one patients and 185 healthy controls were enrolled in a case-control study. Blood was collected for DNA extraction; typing of IL-8 -251 T/A and CXCR2 +1208 C/T genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Risk association between the genotypes, PC susceptibility and tumor characteristics was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age at diagnosis. A significant association was found between the heterozygous CXCR2 +1208 CT genotype and PC. The CXCR2 +1208 CT genotype was significantly less frequent in patients with clinical stage T3-T4 compared to T1-T2 (56.7 versus 80.5%). Our findings suggest that carriers of the CXCR2 +1208 CT genotype had a protective effect for advanced PC (CT versus CC: adjusted OR = 0.25; P = 0.02). No association was observed between the SNP for IL-8 -251 T/A and clinicopathological parameters of PC. These results indicated that the CXCR2 +1208 CT genotype is less frequent in advanced stages of PC, suggesting that this chemokine receptor plays a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Aspects of courtship risks and mating success in the dimorphic jumping spider, Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae)

Abstract The jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer, 1837) is unusual because there are two male types, tufted (T) and gray (G). We investigated the risks of predation associated with the different courtship strategies by testing the response of the predatory jumping spider Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845) to T and G courtship display, to ascertain if the two morphs were equally noticeable. We then tested the courting responses of T and G in the presence of a conspecific mate and a potential predator (P. audax). For the first experiment, we used computer-animation techniques to present two different views of courting males: face-on view as a female might see a courting male; and 45°-above view as may be seen from the perspective of a predator hunting in the vegetation. Visual orientation distance to the courting male images was used as an estimate of predation risk. Results demonstrated that risk of visual detection was not equal for the males; P. audax oriented to G at significantly greater distances than to T. From the 45°-above view, the apparent size of courting G males measured approximately three times greater than that of T males, suggesting that from this point of view, T may be less conspicuous to predators. In our second experiment, T and G responded differently when courting a conspecific female if a live predator had recently been or remained in view of the male. Fewer G males courted than T males and the courtship latency was significantly longer for G than for T. The visibility of T and G males to both females and potential predators may help to understand how these different, but equally successful, courtship strategies are maintained.
Einfluss eines gestaffelten Gehaltes von Bohnenkraut im Mastfutter auf Wachstums- und Schlachtmerkmale beim Broiler

Es wurden 2 Untersuchungen an mannlichen Broilerkuken uber eine Versuchsdauer von 35 Tagen durchgefuhrt. Gepruft wurde der Einfluss einer gestaffelten Supplementierung von Bohnenkraut ins Futter und einem Futterungsbeginn ab dem 1. , 15. oder 22. Lebenstag der Tiere im 1. Versuch. Im Versuch 2 konnten die Tiere von 2 Gruppen zwischen dem Kontrollfutter und dem Bohnenkrautfutter wahlen. Im Versuch 1 war die tagliche Futteraufnahme der Mastbroiler insbesondere in der Gruppe mit 2,5 g Bohnenkraut pro kg Futter und einem Futterungsbeginn ab dem 1. Lebenstag, der Gruppe mit 5 g Bohnenkraut pro kg und dem Beginn der Futterung dieser Mischung ab dem 22. Lebenstag und den beiden Gruppen, die ab dem 1. und 15. Lebenstag 10 g Bohnenkraut pro kg erhielten, reduziert, was zu einer statistisch gesichert geringeren Lebendmassezunahme sowie einer verminderten Schlachtausbeute im Vergleich zur Kontrolle sowie weiteren Versuchsgruppen fuhrte. Der Futteraufwand war zwischen den Gruppen im Mittel der 35 Masttage gleich. Im Versuch 2 kam es in den beiden Wahlgruppen im Mittel der Mastperiode zu keiner bevorzugten Aufnahme des Kontrollfutters oder des Futters mit Bohnenkraut. Im Endmastabschnitt (22.-35. Tag) erreichten die Broiler der Wahlfuttergruppe mit Kontroll- und 5 g Bohnenkrautfutter die hochsten Lebendmassezunahmen im Vergleich zu den weiteren Gruppen. Resultierend daraus war der Futteraufwand in der Endmastphase dieser Wahlfuttergruppe am niedrigsten sowie im Mittel der gesamten Prufperiode gesichert besser. Die Ausschlachtung ergab einen teilweise gesichert hoheren Anteil an Brustfleisch und niedrigeren Anteil and Abdominalfett bei der Gruppe mit 5 % Bohnenkraut im Futter im Vergleich zu den anderen Gruppen.
Palynological Studies to Determine Pollen Resources of Bombus haemorrhoidalis Smith

Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) are beneficial insects belonging to order Hymenoptera (Family: Apidae). They have important advantages in their ability to visit flowers in closed spaces (Biliński, 1973, 1976), buzz mechanism while collecting pollen from anthers (Buchmann, 1983), and especially long proboscis in some species (Sladen, 1912). These are important pollinators of crops especially where honey bees (Apis spp.) are ineffective or their activity is limited by adverse climatic conditions. They are particularly important pollen vectors for many entomophilous crops and wild flowers which require cross pollination, and can also improve success rates in partly self-fertile or wind pollinated species (Corbet et al., 1991). These are ecologically as well as economically important pollinators in cool and temperate crops and also act as model organisms in specific research (Ayasse and Jarau, 2014). Bumble bees are known for providing a service of significant pollination as their pollen loads carry a greater dry mass than those of honey bees (Broussard et al., 2011). Bumblebees require pollen for their reproduction as it is the sole protein source for developing larvae, and recent evidence suggests that adult workers have an ongoing need for pollen throughout their lives (Smeets International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 2590-2602 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Optimisation of Conditions for Extraction of Biologically Active Compounds from Common Bryophytes in Latvia / Latvijâ Augoðu Briofîtu Ekstrakcijas Apstâkïu Optimizâcijas Ietekme Uz Bioloìiski Aktîviem Sekundârajiem Metabolîtiem

Abstract Bryophytes are the second largest taxonomic group in the plant kingdom. They contain a high number of biologically active compounds. Studies of their composition are important for understanding evolutionary processes in the plant kingdom. The aim of this study was to assess bryophyte secondary metabolite extraction options and to increase the yields of polyphenols and substances determining the free radical scavenging activity of bryophyte extracts. Similar studies have been conducted using higher plants as model organisms, but not using bryophytes. Comparison of five extraction methods (conventional, Soxhlet extraction, treatment with microwaves, ultrasound, and supercritical CO2 extraction) and several solvents with differing polarity showed microwave-assisted extraction as the most promising approach to obtain highest yields of extractives. The main factors that contributed to the efficiency of extraction were type of solvent, temperature, and the solvent to bryophyte mass ratio. The extracts obtained from bryophytes had remarkable antioxidant activity, the extent of which depended on the extraction conditions and bryophyte species. The extraction conditions can be optimised, and the total polyphenol content can be increased by up to 50% in comparison with the conventional approach.
Characterization of bioactive components from petiole of two varieties of colocasia seen in Kerala

Colocasia is a genus of flowering plant belongs to the family Araceae native to South Eastern Asia and Indian subcontinent. Some species are widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions. Different varieties of Colocasia are seen in Kerala of which Colocasia aquatilis is labeled as an aggressive weed that grows in dense clusters along lake shores and riverbanks, displacing native shoreline vegetation. Qualitative analyses of two samples are done using crude extract from both the varieties. Antimicrobial activity of wild variety is evaluated in both gram positive and gram negative bacteria using pure extract. Even though both comprise the same genus Colocasia, significant differences were seen in the result of these varieties. In our work , we have used two common varieties of Colocasia one is edible variety Colocasia gigantea and other one a a weed Colocasia aquatilis
Body Size and Life History Traits in Native and Introduced Populations of Coqui Frogs

Introduced populations often exhibit rapid phenotypic changes following colonization of new environments. These changes, which often contribute to the successful establishment and spread of introduced species, may result from evolution or phenotypic plasticity. We studied variation in adult body size across elevational gradients in native (Puerto Rico) and introduced (Hawaii) populations of Coquis (Eleutherodactylus coqui). To explore the possible mechanisms underlying variation in adult body size, we conducted a laboratory common-environment experiment to study the effects of temperature (19°C and 25°C), elevation (<300 m and >700 m), and area (two in Puerto Rico and one in Hawaii) on five size-related life history traits: clutch size, egg size, hatching size, size at 30 days, and growth rate. In the field in both Puerto Rico and Hawaii, body size was positively correlated with elevation, which is negatively correlated with temperature, but the magnitude of the slope was greater in Puerto Rico than in Hawaii. In the laboratory, egg size, hatching size, and body size at 30 days were positively correlated with elevation for populations from Puerto Rico and Hawaii. Egg size, hatching size, and body size at 30 days were negatively correlated with temperature for all populations. Clutch size and growth rate were positively correlated with elevation for populations from Puerto Rico but not for populations from Hawaii. Furthermore, both low and high elevation populations from Hawaii had life history traits more similar to low elevation populations than high elevation populations from Puerto Rico. Temperature effects in the laboratory suggest that plasticity in response to temperature contributes to the variation in adult body size with elevation in both Puerto Rico and Hawaii. However, temperature-induced plasticity cannot explain the difference in slopes between Puerto Rico and Hawaii, because temperature varies across elevations to the same degree in both regions. Variation in growth rate paralleled that for adult body size and, if heritable, provides a possible mechanism for the observed differences in adult body size across elevations between Puerto Rico and Hawaii.
Harnessing local strength for sustainable coffee value chains in India and Nicaragua: reevaluating certification to global sustainability standards

ABSTRACT Coffee is generally grown in areas derived from forest, and both its expansion and management cause biodiversity loss. Sustainability standards in coffee are well established but have been criticized while social and environmental impact is elusive. This paper assesses the issue-attention cycle of coffee production in India and Nicaragua, including producer concerns and responses over time to concerns (sustainability standards, public regulations and development projects). Systematic comparison of the socioeconomic, environmental and policy context in both countries is then used to explore potential effects of sustainability standards. Results show limits, in local context, to relevance of global certification approaches: in both countries due to naturally high levels of biodiversity within coffee production systems global standards are easily met. They do not provide recognition for the swing potential (difference between best and worst) and do not raise the bar of environmental outcomes though nationally biodiversity declines. Nicaraguan regulations have focused on the socioeconomic development of the coffee sector via strengthening producer organizations, while India prioritized environmental and biodiversity conservation. In India, externally driven sustainability standards partially replace the existing producer–buyer relationship while in Nicaragua standards are desired by producer organizations. The temporal comparison shows that recently local stakeholders harness improvements through their unique local value propositions: the ‘small producer’ symbol in Nicaragua and certification of geographic origin in India. Nicaragua builds on the strength of its smallholder sector while India builds on its strength of being home to a global biodiversity hotspot. EDITED BY Beria Leimona
Review of some scientific issues related to crustacean welfare

&NA; The scientific literature on the subject of welfare and pain in crustaceans is immature. It is based largely on a few dubious and disputed studies done on a small number of decapod species in instances where nociception was not confirmed, laboratory artefacts occurred, all variables that potentially influence the results were not fully controlled, and interpretations of results were questionable or contradictory. The proposed criteria for pain being applied to crustaceans since 2014 has set the “evidential bar” for pain so low it is impossible to have confidence that the behaviours observed in many experiments are even due to nociception, extinguishing scientific confidence that these behaviours are in any way analogous to how the word pain is defined, used, and understood by humans. Given the critical flaws in design and interpretation of several crustacean “pain” studies, acceptance of claims of pain for these animals, even as a precautionary measure, represents acceptance of a much lower evidential bar than is usually dictated by normal scientific standards. This may lead to circumstances whereby the precautionary principle, underpinned by weak science, is used by decision makers to justify unnecessary constraints on scientific research or other uses of crustaceans, imparting significant costs to scientific programs (and potentially food production industries), which are likely to exceed any benefits from changes in welfare status that may (or may not) accrue to these animals.
Türkiye'de tarımın sanayi ile entegrasyonu, ortaya çıkan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri

Ulkelerin ekonomik gelismeleri icin, ekonominin temelini olusturan tarim ve sanayi sektorlerinin birbiriyle entegre olmasi ve birbirine paralel olarak gelisme gostermesi gerekmektedir. Tarim sanayi entegrasyonu sadece ulkelerin gelismesi acisindan degil, ayni zamanda ureticiler ve tarima dayali sanayiler acisindan da bir cok avantaj saglamaktadir. Bu nedenle, Turkiye'de de tarimin sanayi ile entegrasyonuna donuk uygulamalar onem arz etmektedir. Bu uygulamalarin basinda, sozlesmeli tarim ve kooperatiflesme gelmektedir. Ancak, Turkiye'de tarimin sanayiye entegrasyonunda tarim sanayi politikalari ile ilgili genel nitelikli sorunlarla birlikte, alt sektorler itibariyle ve entegrasyon sekilleri acisindan da bazi sorunlar ortaya cikmaktadir. Bu calismada, tarim sanayi entegrasyonunun saglanmasinda ortaya cikan sorunlar ve bu sorunlara yonelik bazi cozum onerileri degerlendirilmistir.