Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hepatic resection for combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma.

HYPOTHESIS Combined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an uncommon form of primary liver cancer with features of hepatocellular and biliary epithelial differentiation. The clinical significance of this disease entity is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the operative and survival outcomes of patients with HCC-CC who underwent hepatic resection. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS The study comprised 12 patients (aged 28-72 years) with HCC-CC (HCC-CC group) who underwent hepatic resection between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 2000. The diagnosis was based on a combination of histological, immunohistochemical, and, if necessary, electron microscopic examinations of the resected specimen. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinicopathological data and operative and survival outcomes of the HCC-CC group were compared with those of 476 patients with HCC (HCC group) and 25 patients with intrahepatic CC (CC group) who underwent hepatic resection during the study period. RESULTS Ten patients (83%) in the HCC-CC group underwent major hepatic resection. The operative morbidity and mortality were 17% (2 of 12 patients) and 0%, respectively. The clinicopathological variables of the HCC-CC group resembled those of the HCC group more closely than those of the CC group. The incidence of positive hepatitis B serologic test results in the HCC-CC group (7 [58%] of 12 patients) was intermediate between that of the HCC group (392 [82%] of 476 patients) and that of the CC group (5 [20%] of 25 patients) (P<.001). Underlying chronic liver disease was significantly less common in the CC group (5 [20%] of 25 patients) than in either the HCC-CC group (9 [75%] of 12 patients) or the HCC group (421 [88%] of 476 patients) (P<.001). After hepatic resection, the median disease-free survival of the HCC-CC, HCC, and CC groups was 10, 18, and 24 months, respectively (P =.44). The overall median survival was shortest in the HCC-CC group (17 months) and was not significantly different from that of the CC group (26 months) (P =.38), but was significantly worse than that of the HCC group (52 months) (P =.02). CONCLUSIONS Although the clinicopathological variables of patients with HCC-CC were most similar to those of patients with HCC, patients with HCC-CC had a significantly worse survival outcome after hepatic resection when compared with patients with HCC. Further studies on postoperative adjuvant therapy and multimodality treatment for recurrent disease are required to prolong the survival of these patients.
Insight into the patenting performance of Belgian universities

The objective of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the patenting performances of six Belgian universities over the period 1985-1999. Beside the evolution of the number of patent families, we provide insights about the potential value of these patents (through forward patent citations analysis), about the institutional sources of the knowledge (through non patent citations and backward patent citations), about their international patenting strategy, and the type of co-assignee. The results show that KUL is by far the most productive university in Belgium (both in terms of the number of patent applications and the number of forward citations per patent). This is due to a size effect, a longer history of patenting academic inventions, to a focus on bio-tech patents and to a very productive collaboration with the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. There is however a clear indication that a catching up process by other universities is taking place, in terms of both the quantity of patent applications and their quality.
Fostering Young Entrepreneurship – The Experiences of a Provincial Government Program

Encouraging youth entrepreneurship is a focus of governments across the word, with many universities providing programs and courses in entrepreneurship. However, formal education is not enough, the student needs to actually experience the challenges of setting up and running a business. This paper provides a case study of a successful Ontario Government Program called SummerCo, which has enabled over 6,000 student startups over the last 14 years Keywords—youth entrepreneurship, government programs
Physicians and Patients Who 'Friend' or 'Tweet:' Constructing a Legal Framework for Social Networking in a Highly Regulated Domain

Social networks connect intimates, friends, and acquaintances that share history, strangers who share interests, or businesses and the customers they serve. This article explores how participation in online social networks blurs the boundaries between personal and professional relationships or commentary, while making available 'private' information in what only appears to be a secluded area. These issues are explored within the framework of the highly regulated health domain, casting doubts on the appropriateness of some professional activities and identifying considerable risks for patients and their health-related information.
In my day

Radiographers’ role in radiological reporting: a model to support future demand 317 Jeffery M Peereboom 318 Tony N Smith Experienced physiotherapists as gatekeepers to hospital orthopaedic outpatient care 318 Caroline A Brand, Richard H Osborne, Ian P Wicks, Richard N de Steiger 319 Leonie B Oldmeadow, Harvinda S Bedi, Hugh T Burch, Jenni S Smith, Edmund S Leahy, Miron Goldwasser Lack of consistency in safe-sleeping messages to parents 319 Sarah J Buckley 319 Roger W Byard, Glenda Cains, Helen Noblet, Maxine Weber In my day 320 Sara L Barnes
What Effect Does an Untreated Aneurysm Have on Life Expectancy?

I have recently been honoured by the Canadian Neurological Society at the "Canada Night" on the occasion of the 49th Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in Boston on April 15th. The honour was with respect to the Founding, Editing and Publishing of the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences in the early days and I was truly treated royally. I am writing to thank all Members of the the Canadian Neurological Society for this honour. I appreciate it very much and would hope that this short letter could be made available to the general membership in the Journal.
Mutational Analysis of the Function of Met137 and lle197, Two Amino Acids Implicated in Sequence-Specific DNA Recognition by the EcoRI Endonuclease

The gene encoding the EcoRI endonuclease was altered by site-directed mutagenesis to introduce multiple substitutions of M137 and 1197, two amino acids which were suggested by the revised crystal structure to mediate recognition of the cytosines in the 5'-GAATTC-3' target sequence. Eight substitutions of M137 and ten substitutions of 1197 were isolated. With the exception of M137W, M137P and M137K, all mutant enzymes retained enough activity to damage cellular DNA in the absence of the EcoRI methyltransferase. All M137 replacements abolished the ability of the enzyme to restrict phage growth. Conservative replacements at 1197 (L, V) did not impair phage restriction, whereas non-conservative changes reduced (G, W) or abolished (D, P) restriction. In general, substitutions at M137 were more deleterious than substitutions at I197. Double mutants with combinations of M137G/A and I197G/A mutations exhibited a phenotype characteristic for the respective single M137 mutant. Double mutants carrying combinations of the M137G/A replacements and substitutions at R200 were viable even in the absence of the methyltransferase, suggesting that disrupting contacts to both bases of the GC base pair inactivates the enzyme. None of the replacements resulted in relaxed recognition specificity. In summary, our findings are consistent with a role for M137 but do not support such a role for I197 in substrate recognition by the EcoRI endonuclease.
Essays on market states, firm growth and corporate finance decisions

Using a sample of 48,269 U.S. firm years, I find that financially constrained firms’ acquisition intensity is mainly driven by market wide capital liquidity. I proxy capital liquidity by the commercial and industrial loan spread (C&I spread). One standard deviation decrease in the spread corresponds to an increase in the acquisition probability by 24.2% from the average level among financially constrained firms, whereas for financially for financially unconstrained acquirers the increase is only 4%. I find that financially unconstrained acquirers prefer to acquire with cash during times of low capital liquidity and they tend to use during market states of high capital liquidity. Meanwhile, constrained acquirers conduct more both equity and cash acquisitions during times of high capital liquidity. I would like to thank Espen Eckbo, Peter Englund, Karl Felixson, Martin Holmen, Jonathan Karpoff, Markku Kaustia, Timo Korkeamaki, Andrey Malenko, Daniel Metzger, Benjamin Maury, Peter Nyberg, Bunyamin Onal, Salla Poyry, Ville Rantala, David Robinson, Tuomas Takalo and Sami Torstila for valuable comments and to SHoF/SIFR in Stockholm for economical support.
SEX INDUCED WITH ECDYSONE.

* Assisted by the National Science Foundation. Dresselhaus, Kip, and Kittel, Phys. Rev., 98, 368 (1955). 2 Kroemer, H. , Phys. Rev., 109, 1856 (1958); also private communication. 3 Similar considerations have been carried out independently by Dr. Peter Kaus of the University of Southern California. Dr. S. Rodriguez of the University of Washington has successfully extended our argument to motion in three dimensions in a magnetic field. I am grateful to both workers for the private communication of their results. Cyclotron resonance experiments bearing on the negative mass regions have been carried out by Dousmanis and coworkers.
Insider Entrenchment and CEO Compensation in Entrepreneurial Firms: An Empirical Investigation

Insider Entrenchment and CEO Compensation in Entrepreneurial Firms: An Empirical Investigation By Arno Forst, Ph.D. A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Chair: Dr. Benson Wier Professor, Department of Accounting This study investigates the effects of insider entrenchment on Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation in firms conducting an initial public offering (IPO). The sample comprises 220 US firms that went public between 1996 and 2002. Corporate governance choices regarding entrenchment are captured by six provisions in the corporate charter and bylaws, as well as five anti-takeover statutes, which may or may not be in effect in the state of incorporation. Firm-level items are supermajority requirements for charter amendments, bylaws amendments, and merger approvals, along with the presence or absence of a staggered board of directors, poison pills, and golden parachute agreements. The anti-takeover laws examined are Business Combination, xii Control Share Acquisition, Fair Price, Poison Pill Endorsement, and Constituencies Statutes. A factor analysis reveals three distinct components of entrenchment: firmand state-level external entrenchment and firm-level internal entrenchment. External entrenchment is related to market control over management by means of corporate takeovers; internal entrenchment relates to shareholder control over management by means of their voting power. Evidence is found for a positive association between entrenchment at IPO and subsequent CEO cash and total compensation. These relationships are driven by firmlevel external entrenchment. Firm-level external entrenchment is also significantly and positively associated with CEO stock-based compensation. The positive effects of entrenchment at IPO on CEO compensation appear not to be transitory and remain constant for at least five years post-IPO. Furthermore, entrenchment at IPO is shown to affect CEO pay-for-performance sensitivity. On balance, entrenchment reduces the sensitivity of CEO compensation to stock returns and returns on assets. The results of this study underscore the crucial importance of insiders' governance decisions made at the time of the IPO. Little support is found for a re-balancing of components of the CEO's compensation contract in response to entrenchment as predicted under the optimal contracting theory of compensation contracts. The findings of this study are almost entirely consistent with the managerial power theory, according to which entrenchment at IPO causes a permanent shift in bargaining power, which enables CEOs to influence compensation contracts in their favor.
ECOSOC/UNESCWA/WHO Western Asia Ministerial Meeting “Addressing noncommunicable diseases and injuries: major challenges to sustainable development in the 21st century” (Hosted in Doha by the Government of Qatar, 10-11 May 2009)

• A threat to socio-economic development: The World Economic Forum(3), surveying the landscape of global risks for 2009, ranked noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as the third most likely risk to come true and the fourth most severe in its impact. NCDs were seen as a threat to global well-being, exceeded only by asset price collapse, spikes in oil and gas prices, and the slowing of the Chinese economy. The World Bank estimates that one third of the poorest two quintiles in developing countries die prematurely from NCDs, which affects their families and acts as a chronic poverty trap for them(4).
Managing Human Resources in the European Tourism and Hospitality Industry: A Strategic Approach

Tourists, tourism and employment: defining the scope of the book. Tourism development and the nature of employment in Europe: an historical perspective. Character structure of the tourism industry in Europe and its impact on employment. The tourism labour market. Quality, service and the HR imperative in tourism. Multi-culturalism in the European tourism industry. The dark side of the coin. Education, training and development for European tourism. Planning European tourism's human resource needs. Human resources in context.
Women SME owner/managers, opportunity recognition and government-sponsored business networks

This paper examined the benefits of belonging to business networks for women SME owners/managers and the effectiveness of government business development officers in supporting women SME owner/managers that belong to business networks. The findings suggest that approximately 20% of the reasons why women SME owner/managers belong to business networks can be explained by the findings from past research identifying the important functions of opportunity recognition and collective learning. The findings contribute to the literature about the 'intentions' part of Forbes (1999) cognitive model of opportunity recognition for women SME owner/managers. However, this suggests that almost 80% as to why women SME owner/managers belong to business networks cannot be explained using the stated literature. The finding highlights the lack of understanding about the nature and dynamics of being a SME within a business network particularly those owned or managed by women. It also may explain the difference between a 'social network' or 'industry-formed business network or cluster' on the one hand and a 'politically constructed business network' comprising members that belong to an established social network and those invited to attend by government/clustering agents. More qualitative research is required to better understand the relationship between women SMEs owner/managers and opportunity recognition within business networks
Expression of Cyp6g1 and Cyp12d1 in DDT resistant and susceptible strains of Drosophila melanogaster

The Rst(2)DDT locus (loci) in Drosophila is associated with the over‐expression of two cytochrome P450 genes, Cyp6g1 and Cyp12d1. Using northern and western blot analysis we observed the expression pattern of these two genes in two DDT susceptible (Canton‐S and 91‐C) and three DDT resistant strains (Wisconsin, 91‐R and Hikone‐R). In Canton‐S and 91‐R, the CYP6G1 protein was constitutively expressed throughout development. In the Wisconsin strain, CYP6G1 was not expressed in third instar larvae unless the larvae are exposed to DDT. CYP12D1 protein was only expressed in adults. Cyp12d1 mRNA is induced in DDT resistant strains post‐exposure to DDT and the expression patterns of Cyp12d1 mRNA varied across DDT resistant strains. Our data support the hypothesis that there is evolutionary plasticity in the expression patterns of P450s associated with metabolic pesticide resistance.
Remarks on outliers in time series of stock prices based on density

How to detect the outlier of stock prices effectively has become an intense concern of scholars in many fields. In this paper, the thoughts of Statistical theory and local density are introduced for researching the outliers in stock time series. A method detecting the outlier of stock time series based on density is proposed. Study on the outlier of time series in stock market is dealt with in two stages. In the first stage, the time series is partitioned by means of the sliding window with fixed length. In the second stage, the density-based method is introduced to detect the outliers with the local outlier factor. Empirical study, based on the daily closing price of SSE Composite Index, proved that the method is feasible and effective.
Using Longitudinal Data to Understand Changes in Consistent Contraceptive Use.

CONTEXT Most studies of contraceptive behavior rely on cross-sectional data and are unable to adequately measure fluctuations in contraceptive use or changes in circumstances and attitudes that are likely to be associated with this outcome. METHODS Between November 2012 and May 2014, four waves of data were gathered from a national sample of 1,842 women aged 18-39 at baseline. Cross-tabulations were used to examine change and stability in time-varying characteristics theorized to be associated with consistent contraceptive use. Random-effects and fixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine variables associated with consistent contraceptive use. RESULTS While a majority of women were at risk of unintended pregnancy during each survey period, only 42% were at risk during all four. Random-effects logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of being a consistent contraceptive user were 10 times as high for a woman who expressed a strong pregnancy avoidance attitude as for a woman who had a weak attitude. This strong association was confirmed in the fixed-effects model. However, having a strong desire to avoid pregnancy was not static; among women at risk of unintended pregnancy during at least one survey period, 53% reported a change in attitude. CONCLUSIONS These findings build on prior research suggesting that pregnancy avoidance attitudes are an important motivator for contraceptive use. It is critical to recognize that the context in which many women make decisions about pregnancy and contraceptive use changes over relatively short periods of time.
Analysis of Enoxaparin Dose Titration at a Large, Tertiary Teaching Facility

Therapeutic drug monitoring of enoxaparin with antifactor Xa levels (AXALs) is recommended in some populations; however, the approach to dose titration is poorly described. Our study at a large, tertiary teaching facility examined the dose response to titration of enoxaparin based on AXAL. Patients from 2008 to 2012 receiving enoxaparin were included, provided 2 or more steady state AXAL were obtained within 30 days and that the enoxaparin was prescribed for treatment rather than prophylaxis. The primary outcome was the percentage of dose change required to obtain goal range AXAL following dose titration. Eighty-seven patients were available for analysis with the following key characteristics: renal dysfunction during treatment 72%, obesity 8%, and solid organ transplant 26%. Initial goal AXAL was attained in 27 (31%) patients, and ultimately 54 (62%) patients achieved goal AXAL. Of the 31 patients who had initial AXAL above goal, 13 (42%) patients reached goal with a median dose decrease of 24%. In the 29 patients who had an initial AXAL below goal, 11 (38%) achieved therapeutic AXAL with a median dose increase of 16%. The AXAL monitoring can guide enoxaparin titration with subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic AXAL and an increase or decrease of roughly 20% is suggested as an initial change.
Microcell technology solution for wireless local loop applications

Since cellular system was introduced in early 1980s, the capacity was always one of the major areas to improve, investigate and research. The application of wireless as local loop access technology increased that demand on access capacity considerably due to very high traffic rate of the local loop customers. The microcell can be used as a capacity solution for the local loop application. A microcell underlay in an exiting wireless access network is considered as a strategy to achieve a high system performance and a broad coverage. High traffic areas are covered by the underlaying microcells while the macrocells cover the low traffic areas and provide an overflow group of channels for clusters of microcells. This paper is restricted to the considerations for a fixed wireless access network with a microcell underlay. The main objective is to evaluate the system capacity gains. The issues of RF planning and modelling are not addressed. A queueing model which captured the main traffic characteristics of the network with a microcell underlay is formulated from which we give an optimization algorithm to evaluate the system capacity gains of the network due to the microcell underlay. A study of an urban network shows that the system capacity can be significantly increased by deploying the microcell underlay.
Networking Network Analysts: How INSNA (the International Network for Social Network Analysis) Came to Be

Some time ago, Steve Borgatti  then INSNA coordinator and Connections editor  asked me to write a twentieth-anniversary account of the founding of INSNA. He wanted it from my perspective as the guy who started it. However, current diversions kept delaying reminiscing about the past. I finally found time at the paradisaical Italian Rockefeller Center retreat in Bellagio (Italy, not Las Vegas) to do this. The timing is good, as INSNA approaches its twenty-fifth anniversary in 2002.
Analysis and design of trellis coded modulation with transmit diversity for wireless communications

Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is a bandwidth efficient transmission scheme that can achieve high coding gain by integrating coding and modulation. This paper presents an analytical expression for the error event probability of TCM with transmit diversity (Realized by space-time block coding) which reveals some dominant factors affecting the system performance over slow fading channels when perfect interleavers are used. This leads to establishing the design criteria for constructing optimal trellis codes for use with space-time block coding over flat fading channels. These results also apply to fast fading channels where the maximum Doppler spread normalized by the symbol rate is of the order of 10/sup -2/. Through simulation, significant performance improvement is shown to be achieved by concatenating the interleaved streams of these codes with space-time block codes over fading channels. Simulation results also demonstrate that these outer codes have better error performance than codes of the same number of states designed for Gaussian or fading channels without the use of transmit diversity.