Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Bacteriological Studies of the Use of a Fluoride Dentifrice

The mechanism by which fluorine acts to reduce dental caries is not yet clearly understood. It has been shown that fluorine has no marked bactericidal powers, when tested in vitro (1). However, fluorine may have the ability to restrict the action of the cellular enzymes responsible for the breakdown of sugars to acids. Phosphatase is greatly inhibited, thereby blocking the conversion of phosphoglycerinic acid to phosphopyruvic acid and thence to pyruvic and lactic acid. Other enzymes as salivary amylase, lipase, and proteolytic and diastatic enzymes are not affected by the fluoride ion (2). Although these studies have been conducted chiefly in animal tissues and yeast, there is little doubt that the enzymic mechanisms of bacterial fermentation are similarly affected. Bibby reported that fluorine, added to cultures of oral acidogenic bacteria, inhibited acid production. The fluorine was effective at a concentration of 1 part per million, and markedly so, at concentrations of 250 and 1000 p.p.m. Fluorosed and fluorine treated enamel and dentin, also reduced acid production in bacterial cultures (1). Therefore, it is not unreasonable to conclude that some similar action would occur, when fluorine came into the presence of acidogenic organisms in the human mouth. Atkins stated that a reduction of cell counts can be achieved by the routine use of a fluoride mouthwash (3). To study the effect of the daily use of sodium fluoride on oral acidogenic bacteria, an experiment embracing the use of a fluoride dentifrice was postulated. Preliminary work was done on a series of guinea pigs, to determine the gross toxic manifestations of the ingestion of lethal doses of the fluoride. It was found, that double the accepted lethal dose of sodium or potassium fluoride was well tolerated and did not produce death, when buffered with calcium carbonate, or calcium carbonate combined with magnesium oxide (4). The conversion of sodium fluoride to calcium fluoride, in the stomach of the animal, drastically reduced the toxicity of the fluoride, since calcium fluoride is practically insoluble and therefore only slightly assimilated. Guinea pigs, fed similar doses of sodium fluoride or potassium fluoride, unbuffered by calcium carbonate or magnesium oxide, died within 1 hour. The premise was forwarded, that a dentifrice contain-
Asymptotic output tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown failures of hysteretic actuators

An adaptive failure compensation controller for a class of nonlinear systems preceded by hysteretic actuators is proposed in this paper. Three types of high-gain functions are constructed to counteract the effects of the hysteresis, bounded modeling errors and bounded disturbances. It is shown that the proposed controller not only ensures bounded signals and asymptotic tracking, but also avoids possible chattering, despite the presence of unknown hysteretic actuator failures. Simulation results verify the desired failure compensation performance.
The argininosuccinate lyase gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: an important tool for nuclear transformation and for correlating the genetic and molecular maps of the ARG7 locus.

The argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been cloned using four oligonucleotide probes corresponding to highly conserved regions of the ASL polypeptide sequence. The identity of the gene was confirmed by partial sequencing. It is unique, contains several introns and spans a region less than 7.8 kb that includes highly repetitive sequences. Using a particle gun, a reliable nuclear transformation system has been established by complementing three mutants deficient in ASL activity with the wild‐type ASL gene. Analysis of the transformants reveals variable patterns of integration of the transforming DNA into the nuclear genome. Previous work has mapped the mutations in the mutants arg2 and arg7 to either end of the ARG7 locus 1.0 to 1.6 recombination map units apart. Our transformation results show that these two mutations are located within a region of 7.8 kb. This allows for the first correlation of the recombination map and the molecular map at the ARG7 locus and indicates a high recombination frequency in this region of the nuclear genome.
Human Urotensin II–Induced Contraction and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Are Mediated by RhoA and Rho-Kinase

The aim of this work was to investigate the coupling of human urotensin II (hU-II) to RhoA activation and regulation of RhoA-dependent functions. The use of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and the development of a membrane-permeant RhoA inhibitor (TAT-C3) allowed us to demonstrate that hU-II induced arterial smooth muscle contraction, actin stress fiber formation, and proliferation through the activation of the small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effector Rho-kinase.
MTM: A Reliable Multiple Trees Multicast for Data Center Network

Packet loss degrades the performance of multicast in various cloud services and reliability still plays a critical role in group communication within data center network (DCN). However, existing reliable multicast algorithms either cannot satisfy the stringent requirement of minimizing repair delay or do not utilize network bandwidth effectively. In this paper, we present MTM, a novel reliable multicast for DCN. By leveraging plentiful link resources in DCN, MTM constructs multiple edge-disjoint multicast trees to transmit data concurrently and builds isolated repair path between adjoining group members belonging to different delivery trees respectively for packet recovery. Therefore, MTM improves error resilient ability in the presence of various levels of packet loss. Furthermore, we propose the implementation of MTM in BCube. Extensive experiments are conducted and the evaluation results demonstrate clearly that MTM achieves low recovery delay and high application throughput.
Fatal septic shock associated with transfusion‐transmitted Serratia marcescens

Volume 46, April 2006 TRANSFUSION 679 stockpiles. Clearly, in the United States, screening will not be paid for from Medicare, Medicaid, and insurance funds used to support health care. Unless we accept the more general public health case, it does not strike us a responsible use of resources. Louis M. Katz, MD e-mail: katzid@ix.netcom. net Mississippi Valley Regional Blood Center Scott County Health Department Davenport, Iowa Merlyn Sayers, MB, BCh, PhD Carter BloodCare Bedford, Texas University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas
Synthesis of Zinc Chlorophyll Homo/Hetero‐Dyads and their Folded Conformers with Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Bacteriochlorin π‐Systems

Zinc complex of pyropheophorbide‐b, a derivative of chlorophyll‐b, was covalently dimerized through ethylene glycol diester. The synthetic homo‐dyad was axially ligated with two methanol molecules from the β‐face and both the diastereomerically coordinating methanol species were hydrogen bonded with the keto‐carbonyl groups of the neighboring chlorin in a complex. The resulting folded conformer in a solution was confirmed by visible, 1H NMR and IR spectra. All the synthetic zinc chlorin homo‐ and hetero‐dyads consisting of pyropheophorbides‐a, b and/or d took the above methanol‐locked and π–π stacked supramolecules in 1% (v/v) methanol and benzene to give redmost (Qy) electronic absorption band(s) at longer wavelengths than those of the corresponding monomeric chlorin composites. The other zinc chlorin and bacteriochlorin homo‐dyads completely formed similar folded conformers in the same solution, while zinc inverse chlorin and porphyrin homo‐dyads partially took such supramolecules. The J‐type aggregation to folded conformers and the redshift values of composite Qy bands were dependent on the electronic and steric factors of porphyrinoid moieties in dyads.
Controle automatizado de fornos para tratamento térmico em aços

Este trabalho propoe um sistema de baixo custo para o controle automatizado de fornos utilizados nos tratamentos termicos de acos, capaz de controlar a curva de aquecimento do material em funcao do tempo, diminuindo consideravelmente a interferencia subjetiva do fator humano durante o processo. O sistema proposto pode ser adaptado na maioria dos fornos de baixo custo disponiveis no mercado e utilizados por pequenas empresas. Este sistema e constituido por um microcontrolador de tecnologia aberta e programado com acoes de controle do tipo PID (Proporcional Integral Derivativo), que recebe o valor da temperatura do forno, obtido por meio de um sensor, e ajusta a temperatura a partir de um ciclo definido para o tratamento termico especifico, atuando sobre os resistores do forno, onde uma das fases esta conectada ao terminal de carga de um rele de estado solido (RES), variando a potencia media fornecida ao forno, atraves da modulacao por largura de pulso (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) no terminal de controle do rele. O objetivo do tratamento termico e a obtencao desejada das propriedades mecânicas finais do material e a sua eficacia depende do controle da temperatura em funcao do tempo durante os ciclos de aquecimento. Em termos de validacao, foram comparados os resultados da analise de dureza e metalografico em amostras de acos D2 e D6 submetidos aos tratamentos termicos de tempera e revenimento, pelo metodo tradicional (visual e sem controlador) e o sistema proposto (com o controlador PID). As analises indicaram a eficacia do sistema de baixo custo, que apresentou valores para a dureza do material dentro do especificado pelo fabricante para o tratamento termico executado. Ainda assim, a analise metalografica apresentou uma estrutura granular fina e homogenea, dentro dos padroes previstos.
Predicting the Term Structure of Interest Rates: Incorporating Parameter Uncertainty, Model Uncertainty and Macroeconomic Information

We forecast the term structure of U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bond yields by analyzing a range of models that have been used in the literature. We assess the relevance of parameter uncertainty by examining the added value of using Bayesian inference compared to frequentist estimation techniques, and model uncertainty by combining forecasts from individual models. Following current literature we also investigate the benefits of incorporating macroeconomic information in yield curve models. Our results show that adding macroeconomic factors is very beneficial for improving the out-of-sample forecasting performance of individual models. Despite this, the predictive accuracy of models varies over time considerably, irrespective of using the Bayesian or frequentist approach. We show that mitigating model uncertainty by combining forecasts leads to substantial gains in forecasting performance, especially when applying Bayesian model averaging.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infections

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) continues to be of economic significance to the livestock industry in terms of acute disease and fetal loss. Many of the lesions relating to BVDV infection have been well described previously. The virus is perpetuated in herds through the presence of calves that are persistently infected. Relationships between various species and biotypes of BVDV and host defenses are increasingly understood. Understanding of the host defense mechanisms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity continues to improve, and the effects of the virus on these immune mechanisms are being used to explain how persistent infection develops. The noncytopathic biotype of BVDV plays the major role in its effects on the host defenses by inhibiting various aspects of the innate immune system and creation of immunotolerance in the fetus during early gestation. Recent advances have allowed for development of affordable test strategies to identify and remove persistently infected animals. With these improved tests and removal strategies, the livestock industry can begin more widespread effective control programs.
A cysteine protease encoded by the baculovirus Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus

Sequence analysis of the BamHI F fragment of the genome of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) revealed an open reading frame whose deduced amino acid sequence had homology to those of cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily. The putative cysteine protease sequence (BmNPV-CP) was 323 amino acids long and showed 35% identity to a cysteine proteinase precursor from Trypanosoma brucei. Of 36 residues conserved among cathepsins B, H, L, and S and papain, 31 were identical in BmNPV-CP. In order to determine the activity and function of the putative cysteine protease, a BmNPV mutant (BmCysPD) was constructed by homologous recombination of the protease gene with a beta-galactosidase gene cassette. BmCysPD-infected BmN cell extracts were significantly reduced in acid protease activity compared with wild-type virus-infected cell extracts. The cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 [trans-epoxysuccinylleucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane] inhibited wild-type virus-expressed protease activity. Deletion of the cysteine protease gene had no significant effect on viral growth or polyhedron production in BmN cells, indicating that the cysteine protease was not essential for viral replication in vitro. However, B. mori larvae infected with BmCysPD showed symptoms different from those of wild-type BmNPV-infected larvae, e.g., less degradation of the body, including fat body cells, white body surface color due presumably to undegraded epidermal cells, and an increase in the number of polyhedra released into the hemolymph. This is the first report of (i) a virus-encoded protease with activity on general substrates and (ii) evidence that a virus-encoded protease may play a role in degradation of infected larvae to facilitate horizontal transmission of the virus.
A statistical assessment of some software testing strategies and application of experimental design techniques

An important problem in software testing is the efficient generation of test cases. Two classes of strategies, random and partition testing, have been dis- cussed extensively in the software testing literature. In this paper, we provide a systematic statistical comparison of these two classes of strategies and demonstrate the usefulness of partition testing. We also show that some of the previous con- clusions in the software testing literature about the inefficiency of partition testing are incorrect. The applicability of experimental design methods for partition test- ing is also discussed. A real application is used to illustrate the various concepts and to demonstrate the usefulness of experimental design methods for generating partitions.
MECHANISM OF PRODUCTION OF PAPILLOEDEMA*

THE optic disc is an intriguingly small and intricate structure. Some of the pathological processes known or assumed in other conditions can be of help to us in elucidating the changes occurring in papilloedema. By papilloedema in this study I mean the non-inflammatory type found typically in cases of raised intracranial pressure, but also occurring, as we shall see, in some other conditions. The tissue of the disc derives its blood supply from the arterial circle of Haller (or Zinn) (Fig. 1). Each trabecula of the lamina cribrosa (nourishing the nerve fibre bundle within it) is essentially the result of the ingrowth of a vessel derived from the circle of Haller accompanied by glial and connective tissue (Wolff, 1954). The circle of Haller is formed by about three of the short ciliary arteries which also supply the anterior end of the optic nerve. There are connexions usually on a capillary level across the cribriform plate with the inconstant artery of the optic nerve (Fran9ois and Neetens, 1963), and with twigs from the central retinal artery arising just behind the cribriform plate. Although these are usually quite inadequate to maintain the vitality of the retina if there is a blockage of the central retinal artery, this may reflect
High-Performance High-$K$/Metal Planar Self-Aligned Gate-All-Around CMOS Devices

By introducing high-K dielectrics and metal gate in our planar self-aligned gate-all-around (GAA) fabrication process, we have successfully fabricated sub-35 nm CMOS devices that exhibit high-performance drive currents (2230/1000 muA/ mum for N/ P at Vd = 1.2 V), low off-state currents (3/5 nA/mum), and excellent subthreshold characteristics. When benchmarked with other published multigate data, the results presented in this paper are proved to be among the best and underline the potential of planar self-aligned GAA devices for the 32 nm technology and below. In particular, it is demonstrated that an optimized supply voltage can bring a significant improvement in circuit time delay and power when using GAA devices.
Identifying Fake News using Emotion Analysis

This paper presents research applying Emotion Analysis to “Fake News” and “Real News” articles to investigate whether or not there is a difference in the emotion used in these two types of news articles. The paper reports on a dataset for Fake and Real News that we created and the natural language processing techniques employed to process the collected text. We use a lexicon that includes predefined words for eight emotions (anger, anticipation, disgust, fear, surprise, sadness, joy, trust) to measure the emotional impact in each of these eight dimensions. The results of the emotion analysis are used as features for machine learning algorithms contained in the Weka package to train a classifier. This classifier is then used to analyze a new document to predict/classify it to be “Fake” or “Real” News.
A Timeline Of Mobile Botnets

The explosion of smartphones and their increasing adaptation by the masses, is a trend that hasn’t gone unnoticed by malware authors. In keeping with this trend, malware authors have also focussed their attention on mobile devices, leading to a steep rise in mobile malware over the past couple of years. This paper focusses particularly on mobile malware variants called bots, that can be controlled remotely by an attacker. The paper begins with a comparison between mobile and PC botnets, discussing fundamental, conceptual and implementational differences between them. Next, some precursors to fully functional mobile bots are discussed, along with some Proofs of Concept mobile botnets that have been published for research purposes. The crux of the paper lies in an Inventory detailing known mobile bot variants in the wild, ordered chronologically based on their date of discovery, accompanied by features like the Command and Control (C&C) channel used, C&C commands, the bot’s abilities, the main motivation(s) behind it and the number of known samples. Following the inventory, some variants are described further in detail, selected based on criteria like Unusual Functionalities, Anti-Debugging Tricks used, Code Obfuscation and Traffic Encryption, and whether they are served using unusual Attack Vectors. The paper ends in Statistics based upon the analysis of the bot variants listed in the inventory and a Conclusion, including inferences that can be drawn from these statistics. My motivation for this paper ultimately stems from the possibility of this information helping in the design of mobile security systems in the future.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF TWO-PHASE VISCOELASTIC FLOW IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL T-JUNCTION

The present investigation is mainly concerned with the construction of a new predictive code for the simulation of two-phase flows when one of the phases may have nonNewtonian, viscoelastic properties. Of the two fundamental approaches to model two-phase flows, we follow the Eulerian one, with both phases treated as interpenetrating continua. Simulations are performed for a steady-state laminar incompressible flow, in a planar 2D bifurcation where the branch makes an angle of 90 degrees with the main arm, and with the continuous phase being a viscoelastic liquid while the dispersed phase is either composed by particles or is a Newtonian fluid. The choice of this geometry is motivated by future application to hemodynamic flows, since it is well-known that vascular diseases tend to occur near the branches of arterial bifurcations. Two-phase flows in bifurcations involving viscoelastic fluids are encountered in other important applications, like the petroleum industries where the bifurcations are used to separate the oil from the natural gas in sub-sea pipelines before being transported to their destination.
Numerically Efficient and Robust Iterative Algorithm for Microwave Imaging

The issues that prevented a widespread practical application of iterative microwave inverse scattering techniques are insufficient robustness, numerical inefficiency and difficulties in collecting accurate measuring data with the proposed systems. All three aspects are addressed in this paper. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is achieved by a novel regularization scheme using a transformation of the object in the space harmonics domain. Using a hybrid Jacobian approximation limiting the number of direct problem evaluations increases the numerical efficiency and allows for using a FDTD solver. The measuring system is using microwave cavities instead of anechoic chambers, which reduces system complexity and enables highly accurate vector measurements. The proposed iterative method incorporating these novel approaches is capable of quantitatively imaging high dielectric contrast and lossy objects. Numerical examples and comparison with measurements show excellent accuracy.
A PARAMETRIC STUDY ON USING ACTIVE DEBRIS REMOVAL FOR LEO ENVIRONMENT REMEDIATION

Recent analyses on the instability of the orbital debris population in the low Earth orbit (LEO) region and the collision between Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 have reignited the interest in using active debris removal (ADR) to remediate the environment. There are; however, monumental technical, resource, operational, legal, and political challenges in making economically viable ADR a reality. Before a consensus on the need for ADR can be reached, a careful analysis of its effectiveness must be conducted. The goal is to demonstrate the need and feasibility of using ADR to better preserve the future environment and to guide its implementation to maximize the benefit-to-cost ratio. This paper describes a new sensitivity study on using ADR to stabilize the future LEO debris environment. The NASA long-term orbital debris evolutionary model, LEGEND, is used to quantify the effects of several key parameters, including target selection criteria/constraints and the starting epoch of ADR implementation. Additional analyses on potential ADR targets among the currently existing satellites and the benefits of collision avoidance maneuvers are also included.
Chapter 2 Nonnegative Matrix Factorizations for Intelligent Data Analysis

We discuss nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) techniques from the point of view of intelligent data analysis (IDA), i.e., the intelligent application of human expertize and computational models for advanced data analysis. As IDA requires human involvement in the analysis process, the understandability of the results coming from computational models has a prominent importance. We therefore review the latest developments of NMF that try to fulfill the understandability requirement in several ways. We also describe a novel method to decompose data into user-defined—hence understandable—parts by means of a mask on the feature matrix, and show the method’s effectiveness through some numerical examples.