Phytochemical Screening and Anthelmintic Activity Study of Different Stem Bark Extract of Barringtonia Acutangula.

Medicinal plants have much creative property due to the presence of many complex chemical substances with different chemical composition which are found as secondary plant metabolites in many parts of these plants. The aim of the study is to investigate Phytochemical screening of Petroleum ether and methanol of the stem bark extract of Barringtonia Acutangula powdered and the presence of different secondary metabolites responsible for the therapeutic values of the drug Qualitative phytochemical studies were performed on petroleum ether; Ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of Barringtonia Acutangula stem bark. The study was performed to identify its Alkaloid, Carbohydrate, Glycoside, Protein, Amino acid and flavonoids by using suitable chemicals and reagents of the different extract. The anthelmintic study shows all the two in vitro test species (Pheretima posthuma and Ascardia galli) responded towards our plant extracts by showing the sign of paralysis and death finally. and observed that the Ethyl acetate extract was most potent which is well comparable with both standard drugs as Albendazole and Piperazine citrate, followed by Methanolic extract at higher doses. Petroleum Ether extracts of all the plants were endowed with minute anthelmintic property, The Priliminary Phytochemical studies of stem was performed on its different extracts to identify its Alkaloid, Carbohydrate and Glycoside, Saponin, Protein & Amino acid, and many mores. The anthelmintic activity of the extract of ethyl acetate showing most potent as it contains mainly flavones and flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds which may be responsible for this activity. Keyword: Barringtonia Acutangula, Phytochemical evalution, Anthelmintic activity. piperazine citrate, Pheretima. posthuma, , Ascardia galli. *Corresponding Author Email: abinashkumar.sahu@gmail.com Received 24 January 2019, Accepted 05 February 2019 Sahu et al., Am. J. Pharm Health Res 2019;7(01) ISSN: 2321-3647 www.ajphr. com 13 INTRODUCTION Historically, the most important uses of herbs were medicinal. For most of his existence, man had various but limited resources for treating injuries and disease. Plant remedies represent the most continuous and universal form of treatment. Ancient wisdom has been the basis of modern medicine and will remain as one important source of future medicine and therapeutics. The future of natural product drug discovery will be more holistic, personalized and involve wise use of ancient and modern therapeutic skills in a complimentary manner so that maximum benefits can be accrued to the patients and the community [1]. There are approximately 1,250 Indian medicinal plants that are used in formulating therapeutic preparation according to Ayurvedic & other traditions [2]. India has about 45,000 plant species; medicinal properties have been assigned to several thousands. The government of India has format structure to regulate quality, safety, efficacy & practice of herbal medicine. A number of companies, including some multinational are entering into the area of herbal medicines. The medicines are available for each & every disorder ranging from diabetes to rejuvenators. Demand of medicinal plants is increasing in both developing and developed countries due to growing recognition of natural products [3] Impact of ethno pharmacology in Modern Medicine Traditional medicine is a general, powerful source of biological activity. Ethnopharmacology is not just a science of the past using an out molded approach. It still constitutes a scientific backbone in the development of active therapeutics based upon traditional medicine. The ultimate aim of ethnopharmacology is the validation of these traditional preparations. Natural products & especially those derived from higher plants have historically played a pivotal role in the discovery o new pharmaceuticals [4] MATERIALS AND METHOD The different Mayer's, Hager’s, Barfoed’s, Benedict’s and millon’s reagent, Wagner’s, Dragendorff’s, Fehling’s A & B, -naphthol, Ferric chloride,Conc. Sulphuric acid, Pyridine, Sodium nitropruside, Acetic anhydride, were purchased from S.D. Fine Chemical, Mumbai. The solvents petroleum ether, Chloroform, and Ethanol were purchased from Hi Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai. All others chemicals, solvents and reagents were of analytical grade and procured from authorized dealer. Other chemicals were prepared in the laboratory as, 10 % Lead acetate, 10 % Ammonium hydroxide solution, 10 % Ammonia. And to carry out the anthelmintic study of different extracts, we have taken following chemicals as Saline water (Claris Sahu et al., Am. J. Pharm Health Res 2019;7(01) ISSN: 2321-3647 www.ajphr. com 14 Lifesciences Ltd.,Ahmedabad). Albendazole (Alkem Ltd.) and Piperazine citrate (Glaxo Smithkline Ltd.) were used as reference standards. PLANT PROFILE: Morphology [5, 6, 7, 8] A medium sized glabrous tree 10-15 m in height with pale grey slender young branches and rough dark brown bark; leaves simple, alternate, obovate-oblong or elliptic-cuneate, the margins minutely denticulate or crenulated, main nerves 10-13 pairs; flowers fragrant, dark scarlet, in pendulous many flowered racemes; fruits bluntly quadrangular, narrowed towards the ends, crowned by a small persistent calyx (1,2). The tender leaves are edible. It has a brownish grey bark with glabrous young parts. The leaves are simple, alternate and stipulate, and are 7.5 -12.5 cm long. Leaves are oval shaped, bright green in colour with tapering bases and contain a reticulate venation pattern. Their petioles are 0.6-1.2 cm long. Flowers are regular, bisexual and about 2.5 cm in diameter. Petals are cream coloured and stamens are dark bright crimson. Ovaries are inferior to the flowers in long pendulous racemes, fragrant, with bright red stamens. Fruits are bluntly quadrangular and 2.54. 0 cm long. Figure 1 Leaf of B. acutangula Figure2 Bark of B. acutangula Taxonomy [9, 10]