Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Food intake and energy expenditure are increased in high fat-sensitive but 1 not in high carbohydrate-sensitive obesity prone rats 2 3

27 Obesity prone (OP) rodents are used as models of human obesity predisposition. The goal of the present 28 study was to identify pre-existing defects in energy expenditure components in OP rats. Two studies were 29 performed. In the first one, male Wistar rats (n=48) were fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 3 weeks 30 then a high-fat diet (HFD) for the next 3 weeks. This study showed that adiposity gain under HCD was 2.931 fold larger in CS than in CR rats, confirming the concept of “carbohydrate sensitive” (CS) rats. Energy 32 expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), caloric intake (CI) and locomotor activity measured during HFD 33 identified no differences in EE and RQ between FR and FS rats, and indicated that obesity developed in FS 34 rats only as the result of a larger CI not fully compensated by a parallel increase in EE. A specific pattern of 35 spontaneous activity, characterized by reduced activity burst intensity, was identified in FS rats but not in 36 CS ones. This mirrors a previous observation that under HCD, CS but not FS rats exhibited bursts of activity 37 of reduced intensity. In a second study, rats were fed a HFD for 3 weeks and the components of energy 38 expenditure were examined by indirect calorimetry in 10 FR and 10 FS rats. This study confirmed that a low 39 basal EE, reduced thermic effect of feeding, defective post-prandial energy partitioning or a defective 40 substrate utilization by the working muscle are not involved in the FS phenotype. 41
Inclusion of xylan in a medium for the enumeration of total culturable rumen bacteria

The influence of the inclusion of xylan in a medium for enumeration of total culturable rumen bacteria was investigated. Maximum colony numbers were obtained on a medium, GCSX-2, which contained 0.033% each glucose and cellobiose and 0.067% each soluble starch and xylan. This medium gave higher colony counts than either medium 98-5 of Bryant and Robinson (J. Dairy Sci. 44:1446-1456, 1961), medium 98-5 of Chung and Hungate (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32:649-652, 1976), containing an added lucerne (hemicellulose + cellulose) fiber substrate, or medium GCSX-2 with the added lucerne (hemicellulose + cellulose) fraction. The time of collection of rumen fluid influenced the colony counts on the media containing the lucerne fiber substrate but was without effect on medium GCSX-2.
2-Deoxy-D-Glucose-induced Cytotoxicity and Radiosensitization in Tumor Cells Is Mediated via Disruptions in Thiol Metabolism 1

Exposure to ionizing radiation is believed to cause cell injury via the production of free radicals that are thought to induce oxidative damage. It has been proposed that exposure to agents that enhance oxidative stressinduced injury by disrupting thiol metabolism may sensitize cells to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Recently, it has been shown that glucose deprivation selectively induces cell injury in transformed human cells via metabolic oxidative stress (J. Biol. Chem., 273: 5294–5299; Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 899: 349–362), resulting in profound disruptions in thiol metabolism. Because 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is a potent inhibitor of glucose metabolism thought to mimic glucose deprivation in vivo, the hypothesis that exposure to 2DG might be capable of inducing radiosensitization in transformed cells via perturbations in thiol metabolism was tested. When HeLa cells were exposed to 2DG (4–10 mM) for 4–72 h, cell survival decreased (20–90%) in a doseand time-dependent fashion. When HeLa cells were treated with 6 mM 2DG for 16 h before ionizing radiation exposure, radiosensitization was observed with a sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.4 at 10% isosurvival. Treatment with 2DG was also found to cause decreases in intracellular total glutathione content (50%). Simultaneous treatment with the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 30 mM) protected HeLa cells against the cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing effects of 2DG, without altering radiosensitivity in the absence of 2DG. Furthermore, treatment with NAC partially reversed the 2DG-induced decreases in total glutathione content, as well as augmented intracellular cysteine content. Finally, the cytotoxicity and radiosensitizing effects of 2DG were more pronounced in v-Fos-transformed versus nontransformed immortalized rat cells, and this radiosensitization was also inhibited by treatment with NAC. These results support the hypothesis that exposure to 2DG causes cytotoxicity and radiosensitization via a mechanism involving perturbations in thiol metabolism and allows for the speculation that these effects may be more pronounced in transformed versus normal cells.
Comments on "The Lagrangian Relaxation Method for Solving Integer Programming Problems"

C to Wally Hopp and our society for conceiving this idea. What a wonderful way to take stock of what we have accomplished in the last 50 years and to hopefully distill from those accomplishments lessons for the future. I was of course pleased that the membership of INFORMS judged my paper “The Lagrangian Relaxation Method for Solving Integer Programming Problems” to have been influential, but I must hasten to add that this is surely an endorsement of the impact of the concept of Lagranigan relaxation as much as of one paper, and that many people contributed to that concept. There isn’t space here to name all of them, but I’d like to reiterate a few individuals mentioned at the start of the 1981 article who played especially pivotal roles in the early formation of Lagrangian relaxation: Michael Held and Richard Karp, whose novel algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (Held and Karp 1970) marked the birth of Lagrangian relaxation; Arthur Geoffrion, who coined the term Lagrangian Relaxation in an early exposition of the concept (Geoffrion 1974); and three people with whom I had the pleasure of working—Jeremy Shapiro, on general concepts (Fisher and Shapiro 1974), and Gerard Corneujols and George Nemhauser, on an early application (Cornuejols, Fisher, and Nemhauser 1977). In this note, I’ll offer comments on events during three time periods: (1) prior to publication of the paper in 1981, (2) 1981 to the present, and (3) the future.
Genetic diversity and population structure of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions through retrotransposon-based interprimer binding sites (iPBSs) markers

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop throughout the world and is highly recommended for many developing countries due to its nutritional components. A retrotransposon-based DNA marker system, interprimer binding sites (iPBSs), developed from reverse transcriptase primer binding sites, was used to determine genetic diversity in common bean accessions. The genetic polymorphism and effectiveness of the marker system were evaluated. A total of 180 polymorphic bands were detected using 47 iPBS primers among 67 common bean accessions, with an average of 4 polymorphic fragments per primer. The genetic similarity between accessions was calculated using the software NTSYS-pc and ranged from 0.09 to 0.99. The average polymorphism information content value for the iPBS markers was 0.73. A model-based clustering method classified the common bean accessions into 4 populations using STRUCTURE software. The results indicated that the iPBS marker method can successfully determine the genetic diversity level in common bean accessions.
Explorer Stochastic Parallel Block Coordinate Descent for Large-scale Saddle Point Problems

We consider convex-concave saddle point problems with a separable structure and non-strongly convex functions. We propose an efficient stochastic block coordinate descent method using adaptive primal-dual updates, which enables flexible parallel optimization for large-scale problems. Our method shares the efficiency and flexibility of block coordinate descent methods with the simplicity of primal-dual methods and utilizing the structure of the separable convex-concave saddle point problem. It is capable of solving a wide range of machine learning applications, including robust principal component analysis, Lasso, and feature selection by group Lasso, etc. Theoretically and empirically, we demonstrate significantly better performance than stateof-the-art methods in all these applications.
High-throughput multispot single-molecule spectroscopy

Solution-based single-molecule spectroscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) are powerful techniques to access a variety of molecular properties such as size, brightness, conformation, and binding constants. However, this is limited to low concentrations, which results in long acquisition times in order to achieve good statistical accuracy. Data can be acquired more quickly by using parallelization. We present a new approach using a multispot excitation and detection geometry made possible by the combination of three powerful new technologies: (i) a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to produce multiple diffraction-limited excitation spots; (ii) a multipixel detector array matching the excitation pattern and (iii) a low-cost reconfigurable multichannel counting board. We demonstrate the capabilities of this technique by reporting FCS measurements of various calibrated samples as well as single-molecule burst measurements.
Allergic contact dermatitis: clinical aspects

Abstract The best way to be acquainted with the various facets of clinical lesions of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is to refer to the concept of the ACD syndrome. Obtaining differential diagnosis between irritant contact dermatitis and ACD based on clinical grounds is difficult. Moreover, hand eczema and photoalleregic contact dermatitis deserve special attention. The patch test remains the “gold standard” diagnostic tool, but many other very useful complementary tests have been developed in recent years.
An Upper Bound for the Equilibrium Mean Wait in a Stationary GI/G/1 Queue

Various bounds have been proposed for the mean value of the equilibrium waiting time random variable, E{W}, in a stationary GI/G/1 queueing system. In this note we establish a new upper bound which is derived using a convexity argument similar to that of Marshall Marshall, K. T. 1968. Some inequalities in queueing. Oper. Res.16 651--665. but applied to an algebraic expression for E{W} previously used by Kingman Kingman, J. F. C. 1962. Some inequalities for the queue GI/G/1. Biometrika49 315--324. , This bound and others have been compared numerically in a variety of systems; two graphs are presented to illustrate the results of such computations.
An energy-efficient adaptive clustering algorithm with load balancing for wireless sensor network

Maximisation of network lifetime is the issue of prime importance in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). An energy-efficient clustering algorithm with load balancing can achieve this challenging goal. We propose Density-based Dynamic Clustering (DDC) algorithm for clustering and cluster head election mechanism with the use of independence set. Furthermore, a distributed algorithm (DISD - Distributed Independence Set Discovery) is designed for cluster head election in O(1) complexity per sensor node. In this, we dynamically find an optimal sensor cover to dominate maximum sensors within a cluster, therefore forming an InDependence Set (IDS). Only the members of IDS are allowed to participate in the cluster head selection (rotation), thereby establishing load balancing and energy management. Our model is designed for dual modes: low-and high-traffic session. According to the flow of packets, the sleep management technique is modified. Network simulator is used for the simulation of our proposed algorithms.
Nuclear Export of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Is Not Required for Virion Packaging

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr protein is both packaged into virions and efficiently localized to the nucleus. In this report, we show that a significant fraction of Vpr also accumulates in the cytoplasm of virus-producing cells. Although Vpr shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, studies with an export-deficient Vpr mutant reveal that nuclear export is not required for virion incorporation.
Genetyczne uwarunkowania udaru mózgu

Znane czynniki ryzyka chorob naczyniowych odpowiadają za 50–60% ryzyka populacyjnego udaru mozgu. Istnieją sugestie, ze ryzyko udaru moze byc takze związane z predyspozycją genetyczną. Wspolczynnik zgodności udaru jest wyzszy wśrod bliźniąt monozygotycznych niz wśrod dizygotycznych. Obciązający wywiad rodzinny wiąze sie z 2–3-krotnym wzrostem ryzyka udaru. Obserwacje te sugerują, ze wystąpienie udaru moze byc cześciowo uwarunkowane zmiennością genetyczną. Okolo 1% udarow wystepuje w przebiegu rzadkich jednogenowych chorob systemowych. Wiekszośc incydentow udarowych warunkowana jest jednak poligenowo i determinowana przez wiele genow o niewielkim efekcie fenotypowym. Kombinacje genotypow, oddzialywania miedzygenowe, a takze interakcje genotyp–środowisko warunkują ryzyko udaru. Jest prawdopodobne, ze genetyczny profil ryzyka moze byc rozny w poszczegolnych typach udaru. Określenie i charakterystyka genow związanych z podwyzszonym ryzykiem udaru staly sie celem wielu badan, ktorych wyniki mogą sie przyczynic do opracowania bardziej skutecznych metod profilaktycznych i terapeutycznych. Przez dlugi czas najcześciej stosowaną strategią w badaniach dotyczących genetycznych uwarunkowan ryzyka udaru byla tak zwana analiza asocjacji polegająca na poszukiwaniu związku miedzy wystąpieniem udaru a obecnością tak zwanych polimorficznych wariantow genow. Opiera sie ona na zalozeniu a priori dotyczącym tak zwanych genow kandydujących, kodujących bialka zaangazowane w procesy patofizjologiczne, istotne w patogenezie udaru. Poznanie sekwencji DNA ludzkiego genomu oraz gwaltowny rozwoj nowych technik molekularnych zrewolucjonizowaly zakres badan genetycznych, umozliwiając prowadzenie analiz w skali calego genomu (GWAS, genome- wide association studies ). Wyniki dotychczas przeprowadzonych GWAS nie pozwalają jeszcze na precyzyjne określenie konkretnych genetycznych czynnikow ryzyka udaru. Związek wielu wskazanych wariantow genetycznych z ryzykiem udaru jest obecnie weryfikowany w badaniach replikacyjnych. Wyniki tych badan są interesujące, poniewaz wskazują procesy biologiczne odgrywające role w patogenezie udaru. Obecnie trudno jest prognozowac, jak duze znaczenie kliniczne bedą mialy wyniki takich badan. Polski Przegląd Neurologiczny 2011; 7 (2): 53–72
Optimization of coupling between photonic crystal resonator and curved microfiber

The evanescent coupling from a photonic crystal resonator to a micron-thick optical fiber is investigated in detail by using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. Properly designed photonic crystal cavity and taper structures are proposed, and optimal operating conditions are found to enhance the coupling strength while suppressing other cavity losses including the coupling to the slab propagating mode and to the higher-order fiber mode. In simulation, the coupling into the fundamental fiber mode is discriminated from other cavity losses by spatial and parity filtering of the FDTD results. The coupling efficiency of more than 80% into the fundamental fiber mode together with a total Q factor of 5200 is achieved for the fiber diameter of 1.0 /spl mu/m and the air gap of 200 nm between the fiber and the cavity.
La estructura funcional de las nominalizaciones deverbales de evento y resultado a partir de verbos de realización

This paper tries to make a contribution to the analysis of accomplishment deverbal event and result nominalizations from a Distributed Morphology (DM) point of view. It assumes that there must be a relation between morphological complexity and functional projection that is reflected in each of these structures, and it also assumes that the existence of these nominalizations emerges from an undeniable relation between the syntactic component and the world knowledge. This paper accounts for previous developments that were made in the DM framework and supports the idea that nominalizations must contain the vP from which they are formed and that it will contain different flavours of v° (Harley and Noyer 2000, Harley 2000, and others). This will allow us to recognize different aspectual classes and it will allow us to explain the existent relationship between nominalizations and the verb from which they were formed.
RNAcentral: a comprehensive database of non-coding RNA sequences

Abstract RNAcentral is a database of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences that aggregates data from specialised ncRNA resources and provides a single entry point for accessing ncRNA sequences of all ncRNA types from all organisms. Since its launch in 2014, RNAcentral has integrated twelve new resources, taking the total number of collaborating database to 22, and began importing new types of data, such as modified nucleotides from MODOMICS and PDB. We created new species-specific identifiers that refer to unique RNA sequences within a context of single species. The website has been subject to continuous improvements focusing on text and sequence similarity searches as well as genome browsing functionality. All RNAcentral data is provided for free and is available for browsing, bulk downloads, and programmatic access at http://rnacentral.org/.
OX52 is the rat homologue of CD6: evidence for an effector function in the regulation of CD5 phosphorylation

The MRC OX52 monoclonal antibody is a marker of rat T lymphocytes. We have cloned by polymerasechain reaction the rat homologue of CD6, and fluorescein‐activated cell sorter analysis and immunoprecipitations using OX52 in COS7 cells transfected with rat CD6 cDNA showed that CD6 is the cell‐surface molecule recognized by OX52. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that CD6 coprecipitated with CD5, which in turn, was coprecipitated equivalently with CD2, CD6, and the T cell receptor (TCR), but the fraction of CD5 associated with CD6 was highly phosphorylated in kinase assays, in marked contrast with the low level of phosphorylation of CD5 associated with TCR or CD2. Examination of protein kinases associating with these antigens showed that paradoxically, CD2 coprecipitated the highest amount of Lck and Fyn. CD6 also associated with Lck, Fyn, and ZAP‐70, although at lower levels but additionally coprecipitated the Tec family kinase Itk, which is absent from CD2, CD5, and TCR complexes. Lck together with Itk was the best combination of kinases, effectively phosphorylating synthetic peptides corresponding to a cytoplasmic sequence of CD5. Overall, our results suggest that CD6 has an important role in the regulation of CD5 tyrosine phosphorylation, probably as a result of its unique feature of associating with kinases of different families.
Survey sequencing of soybean elucidates the genome structure, composition and identifies novel repeats.

In order to expand our knowledge of the soybean genome and to create a useful DNA repeat sequence database, over 24 000 DNA fragments from a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] cv. Williams 82 genomic shotgun library were sequenced. Additional sequences came from over 29 000 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences derived from a BstI library of the cv. Williams 82 genome. Analysis of these sequences identified 348 different DNA repeats, many of which appear to be novel. To extend the utility of the work, a pilot study was also conducted using methylation filtration to estimate the hypomethylated, soybean gene space. A comparison between 8366 sequences obtained from a filtered library and 23 788 from an unfiltered library indicate a gene-enrichment of ~3.2-fold in the hypomethylated sequences. Given the 1.1-Gb soybean genome, our analysis predicts a ~343-Mb hypomethylated, gene-rich space.
Adherence clubs for long‐term provision of antiretroviral therapy: cost‐effectiveness and access analysis from Khayelitsha, South Africa

As the scale of the South African HIV epidemic calls for innovative models of care that improve accessibility for patients while overcoming chronic human resource shortages, we (i) assess the cost‐effectiveness of lay health worker‐led group adherence clubs, in comparison with a nurse‐driven ‘standard of care’ and (ii) describe and evaluate the associated patient cost and accessibility differences.
Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement.

BACKGROUND Implants may be placed penetrating the oral mucosa (1-stage procedure) or can be completely buried under the oral mucosa (2-stage procedure) during the healing phase of the bone at the implant surface. With a 2-stage procedure the risk of having unwanted loading onto the implants is minimized, but a second minor surgical intervention is needed to connect the healing abutments and more time is needed prior to start the prosthetic phase because of the wound-healing period required in relation to the second surgical intervention. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether a 1-stage implant placement procedure is as effective as a 2-stage procedure. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Handsearching included several dental journals. Authors of all identified trials, an internet discussion group and 55 dental implant manufacturers were contacted to find unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The last electronic search was conducted on 15 January 2007. SELECTION CRITERIA All RCTs of root-form osseointegrated dental implants comparing the same 2-piece osseointegrated root-form dental implants placed according to 1- versus 2-stage procedures with a minimum follow up of 6 months after loading. Outcome measures were: prosthesis failures, implant failures, marginal bone level changes on intraoral radiographs, patient preference including aesthetics, aesthetics evaluated by dentists, and complications. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Screening of eligible studies, assessment of the methodological quality of the trials and data extraction were conducted in duplicate and independently by two review authors. Authors were contacted for missing information. Results were expressed as random-effects models using mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was to be investigated including both clinical and methodological factors. MAIN RESULTS Three RCTs were identified and two trials including 45 patients in total were included. On a patient, rather than per implant basis, there were no statistically significant differences. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The number of patients included in the trials was too small to draw reliable conclusions, however it appears that the two procedures did not show clinical significant differences. If these preliminary results will be confirmed by more robust trials, a 1-stage procedure might be preferable since it avoids one minor surgical intervention and shortens the waiting time to provide the final restoration. There might be specific situations though, such as when optimal implant stability is not obtained at placement or when barriers are used in conjunction with implants, in which a 2-stage approach might be preferable.