Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inductance and Requirements for Surge Current Testing of Tantalum Capacitors

Surge current testing is considered one of the most important techniques to evaluate reliability and/or screen out potentially defective tantalum capacitors for low-impedance applications. Analysis of this test, as it is described in the MIL-PRF-55365 document, shows that it does not address several issues that are important to assure adequate and reproducible testing. This work investigates the effect of inductance of the test circuit on voltage and current transients and analyzes requirements for the elements of the circuit, in particular, resistance of the circuit, inductance of wires and resistors, type of switching devices, and characteristics of energy storage bank capacitors. Simple equations to estimate maximum inductance of the circuit to prevent voltage overshooting and minimum duration of chargingdischarging cycles to avoid decreasing of the effective voltage and overheating of the parts during surge current testing are suggested.
ASSESSING ECONOMIC RETURNS FROM FARMERS' RIGHTS

Many developing countries are attempting to address the inequities of plant breeders' rights by incorporating farmers' rights provisions in their Plant Variety Protection legislations to reward the role of farmers' as conservers and enhancers of agro-biodiversity. Developing countries expect to generate substantial revenues for biodiversity conservation or for community reward schemes through the application of farmers' rights provisions. This paper applies a patent-renewal model to assess the economic returns appropriated by plant breeders from new (protected) varieties in developed countries. The estimates confirm a widely held view in the literature that plant variety protection is a relatively weak form of IPR protection which allows plant breeders to appropriate only limited returns from their innovations. Consequently, the application of farmers' rights provisions in a manner akin to breeders' rights is unlikely to be a source of significant revenue to developing countries.
Increasing CO2 from subambient to elevated concentrations increases grassland respiration per unit of net carbon fixation

Respiration (carbon efflux) by terrestrial ecosystems is a major component of the global carbon (C) cycle, but the response of C efflux to atmospheric CO2 enrichment remains uncertain. Respiration may respond directly to an increase in the availability of C substrates at high CO2, but also may be affected indirectly by a CO2‐mediated alteration in the amount by which respiration changes per unit of change in temperature or C uptake (sensitivity of respiration to temperature or C uptake). We measured CO2 fluxes continuously during the final 2 years of a 4‐year experiment on C3/C4 grassland that was exposed to a 200–560 μmol mol−1 CO2 gradient. Flux measurements were used to determine whether CO2 treatment affected nighttime respiration rates and the response of ecosystem respiration to seasonal changes in net C uptake and air temperature. Increasing CO2 from subambient to elevated concentrations stimulated grassland respiration at night by increasing the net amount of C fixed during daylight and by increasing either the sensitivity of C efflux to daily changes in C fixation or the respiration rate in the absence of C uptake (basal ecosystem respiration rate). These latter two changes contributed to a 30–47% increase in the ratio of nighttime respiration to daytime net C influx as CO2 increased from subamient to elevated concentrations. Daily changes in net C uptake were highly correlated with variation in temperature, meaning that the shared contribution of C uptake and temperature in explaining variance in respiration rates was large. Statistically controlling for collinearity between temperature and C uptake reduced the effect of a given change in C influx on respiration. Conversely, CO2 treatment did not affect the response of grassland respiration to seasonal variation in temperature. Elevating CO2 concentration increased grassland respiration rates by increasing both net C input and respiration per unit of C input. A better understanding of how C efflux varies with substrate supply thus may be required to accurately assess the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems.
Evaluation of LipL32 ELISA for detection of bovine leptospirosis in West Java

The current diagnosis of leptospirosis, micro Agglutination Test (MAT) and isolation, is expensive, impractical and technically demanding. This study was aimed at developing an ELISA based on recombinant LipL32 as a practical, inexpensive test for Leptospirosis. The DNA encoding LipL32 was isolated from Leptospira pomona, inserted into pRSET-C plasmid then expressed in E.coli BL21 as a poly-histidine-tagged protein. The amount of LipL32 protein, which was purified from the supernatant of lysed cells by a Ni-NTA column, was 1mg/l culture. This purified LipL32 was used as the coating antigen at 5µg/ml. The accuracy of ELISA was evaluated based on ROC analysis, by comparing the ELISA and MAT results of 517 bovine sera. Result in this study showed that the area under curve (AUC) was 0.853, which categorised the LipL32 ELISA as a “moderately accurate” test and indicates that the ELISA was able to differentiate positive and negative Leptospirosis serum. The result also showed ELISA LipL32 could detect serum positive MAT to Hardjo, Grippotyphosa, Tarrasovi, Rachmati and Bataviae. The optimal cut off for OD ELISA determined based on ROC curve was 0.504, and it showed sensitivity and specificity of ELISA LipL32 relative to MAT were 86.0% and 69.5%, respectively. Overall, the result in this study showed that ELISA LipL32 can be used as a rapid test for identification of anti-Leptospira antibodies in bovine.
Children’s rights and the operation of Greek kindergartens

800x600 This paper provides a critical analysis of the impact of the Presidential Decree 200 (1998) regarding the operation of kindergartens in Greece, on children’s enjoyment of their rights. It appears that the Decree does not respect, protect or fulfil the participation rights of the child whereas it respects, protects and fulfils some provision rights (the right to education for all but not the right to participate in a culture other than the official) and some protection rights (the right for adults to act in a child’s best interests but not the right to be safe from discrimination) of the child. The Decree withholds or allows adults to withhold certain rights from children who are not able-bodied, Greek, Christian Orthodox and of sound mind in terms of family circumstances, ethnicity, nationality, religion and medical or psychological evaluations of their health (illness, learning, emotional and social difficulties). Normal 0 false false false EN-AU X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
Automated detection of heart defects in athletes based on electrocardiography and artificial neural network

Abstract Electrocardiography (ECG) has proven to be one of the most efficient ways of tracking heart defects in athletes. However, the interpretation of electrocardiograms often require the expertise of a cardiologist. Meanwhile, an automated heart monitoring system could be used to ensure early heart defect detection in athletes, even in the absence of a cardiologist. In this paper, an automated heart defect detection model is proposed for athletes using ECG and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We developed an ECG biomedical equipment to acquire 400 ECG data vectors from 40 participants, who comprises of athletes and non-athletes. Four classes of possible heart conditions among athletes, namely: normal, tachyarrhythmia, bradyarrhythmia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were considered. The ECG data collected were pre-processed and features were extracted based on first order moment. Different ANNs were trained to correctly classify the ECG data. By and large, the performances of ANNs that were trained based on Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm outperformed those trained based on Scale Conjugate Gradient learning algorithm. The network architecture with tansig activation function at both hidden and output layers and ten neurons in the hidden layer (TTLM) produced the best performance that cut across all the key performance indicators. The generalization testing of the developed TTLM model with new input data (that were excluded from the training dataset) produced acceptable results with classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 90.00, 91.96 and 97.06% respectively. In essence, the implementation of the developed model in this study could potentially assist in reducing sudden cardiac death among athletes.
Remarkably diverse and contrasting archaeal communities in a large arctic river and the coastal Arctic Ocean

Although the microbial biodiversity of arctic seas has received an increasing amount of attention, little is known about the microbial communities of its inflowing rivers. In this study we examined the molecular diversity of Archaea in the largest arctic river in North America, the Mackenzie River, and in the adjacent coastal Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic) during maximum open water conditions (October 2002). The Mackenzie River 16S rRNA clone libraries revealed a remark- ably diverse assemblage of archaeal sequences, with an estimated 286 phylotypes defined as sequences with 97% similarity. These grouped mainly within 2 phylogenetic clusters, and were related to sequences earlier retrieved from flooded soils and sediments previously named RC-V and LDS. The marine coastal libraries were of very different composition to those of river libraries and were dominated by Group II Euryarchaeota followed by Group I Crenarchaeota. These coastal assemblages had greater archaeal diversity (18 to 23 phylotypes) than previously reported for marine communities elsewhere, and differed from previously described central Arctic Ocean assemblages. This may reflect the heterogeneous mixture of organic substrates and particles available for micro- bial heterotrophy in arctic coastal waters and the use of an alternative primer pair (109f-915r) in this study. The coastal sequences grouped within typical marine clusters, and we therefore conclude that they were an active autochthonous community rather than one derived from the large inflowing river. These results underscore the rich microbial diversity in arctic rivers and their adjacent coastal marine ecosystems.
Evaluating broadcast strategy: the case of Australian football

The central aim of this study was to evaluate the broadcast strategies of Australia’s 2 leading commercial sports leagues, the Australian Football League and the National Rugby League. Specifically, the research focused on assessing the degree of exclusivity and geographic reach embedded in each broadcast agreement. In doing so, the research considered the impact of strategy in providing value to the broadcasters and teams, as well as utility to fans of each league, within Noll’s framework of broadcasting principles.
TESTING AUGMENTED WAGNER'S LAW FOR NIGERIA BASED ON COINTEGRATION AND ERROR-CORRECTION MODELLING TECHNIQUES

Wagner’s Law is the first model of public spending in the history of public finance. The study tests the validity of Wagner’s Law that there is a long-run tendency for public expenditure to grow relative to national income. This implies that public expenditure can be treated as an endogenous factor, not a cause of growth in national income. In contrast, Keynesian hypothesis treats public expenditure as an exogenous factor. “Augmented” version of Wagner’s Law, where public deficit appears as further explanatory variable, is also investigated. Assessing the empirical evidence of these hypotheses in Nigeria, for the period 1970-2012, the study employed Johansen Cointegration Techniques with its associated Error Correction Model for the short run dynamics. We found bi-directional causal relation for the short run dynamics for five out of seven formulations while the long run empirical evidence seems to be most favourable to Wagner’s hypothesis rather than the Keynesian one, therefore suggesting that causality run from real income to government expenditure.
From Customer-Oriented Strategy to Perceived Organizational Financial Performance : The Role of Human Resource Management and Customer-Linking Capability

Drawing on the organizational capabilities literature, we developed and tested a model of how supportive human resource management (HRM) improved firms’ financial performance perceived by marketing managers through fostering the implementation of a customer-oriented strategy. Customer-linking capability, which is the capability in managing close customer relationships, indicated the implementation of the customer-oriented strategy. Data collected from two emerging economies–China and Hungary–established that supportive HRM partially mediated the relationship between customer-oriented strategy and customer-linking capability. Customer-linking capability further explained how supportive HRM contributed to perceived financial performance. This study explicates the implication of customer-oriented strategy for HRM and reveals the importance of HRM in strategy implementation. It also sheds some light on the “black-box” between HRM and performance. While making important contributions to the field of strategy, HRM and marketing, this study also offers useful practical implications.
Impact of nearshore wind stress curl on coastal circulation and primary productivity in the Peru upwelling system

[1] Coastal upwelling dynamics are strongly affected by alongshore wind stress and nearshore wind stress curl. A coupled physical-biogeochemical regional model and lagrangian diagnostics are used in the Peru current system to determine how the upwelling of nutrients and the primary productivity are impacted by the spatial structure of the nearshore wind stress. Three wind stress products derived from the ERS and QuikSCAT scatterometers and a smoothed QuikSCAT field, mainly differing in nearshore wind stress curl patterns, were used. Simulations are found to produce significantly different mean surface chlorophyll distributions and show that strong upwelling-favorable nearshore wind stress curl may locally induce a wide coastal productive zone through upwelling of nutrient-replete waters brought by a shoaling coastal undercurrent. Using wind stress products with realistic nearshore patterns is therefore crucial for the modeling of coupled physical-biogeochemical coastal processes.
International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies

Image is information which has to be processed effectively. Segmentation is a branch of image analysis, which partitions the image into multiple segments. Image segmentation assigns label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain visual characteristic and these segmented is analyzed for classification. Several segmentation algorithms are used for this purpose, but all are not suitable for all types of images. In this paper, Threshold method, Region based method and Clustering are discussed. Types of clustering are also studied. Fuzzy clustering is a class of cluster analysis and is powerfully growing approach. Clustering techniques are been widely used for effective automated segmentation.
DETERMINATION OF SOIL STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF QUATERNARY DEPOSITS BASED ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (SOUTH OF ESFAHAN, IRAN)

In this paper the effects of physical properties of Quaternary deposits on the strength parameters of soil are studied in north of Esfahan. The soil samples are classified as GM according to the Unified Soil Classification System. The samples were well graded with dry density ranges between 1.77 and 1.95 g/cm and moisture content ranges between 5.2% and 10.9%. The scope of the experimental program reported in this paper was to perform plate load test on alluvial fan deposits with different density and moisture content. Variations in modulus of a soil (modulus of subgrade reaction, Ks and modulus of elasticity, Es) and strength parameters (friction angle and cohesion) were determined at different experimental levels of physical parameters (dry density and moisture content). Results showed that all parameters of soil strength and modulus increased with increased dry density. In contrast these parameters decrease with increased moisture content.
Proof of the Strong Subadditivity of Quantum-Mechanical Entropy

We prove several theorems about quantum-mechanical entropy ; in particular, that it is strongly subadditive. *Work partially supported by U.S. National Science Foundation Grant GP-31674 X. On leave from Department of Mathematics, M.I. T. ,Cambridge, Mass.02139, U.S.A. Work partially supported by a Guggenheim Memorial Foundation fellowship. P̂resently, N.R. C. fellow at Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton 7, Canada.
ACIDITY AND ALKALINITY IN MINE DRAINAGE: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS

In this paper, we emphasize that the Standard Method hot peroxide treatment procedure for acidity determination (hot acidity) directly measures net acidity or net alkalinity, but that more than one water-quality measure can be useful as a measure of the severity of acid mine drainage. We demonstrate that the hot acidity is related to the pH, alkalinity, and dissolved concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Al in fresh mine drainage. We show that the hot acidity accurately indicates the potential for pH to decrease to acidic values after complete oxidation of Fe and Mn, and it indicates the excess alkalinity or that required for neutralization of the sample. We show that the hot acidity method gives consistent, interpretable results on fresh or aged samples. Regional data for mine-drainage quality in Pennsylvania indicated the pH of fresh samples was predominantly acidic (pH 2.5 to 4) or near neutral (pH 6 to 7); approximately 25 percent of the samples had intermediate pH values. This bimodal frequency distribution of pH was distinctive for fully oxidized samples; oxidized samples had acidic or near-neutral pH, only. Samples that had near- neutral pH after oxidation had negative hot acidity; samples that had acidic pH after oxidation had positive hot acidity. Samples with comparable pH values had variable hot acidities owing to variations in their alkalinities and dissolved Fe, Mn, and Al concentrations. The hot acidity was comparable to net acidity computed on the basis of initial pH and concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Al minus the initial alkalinity. Acidity computed from the pH and dissolved metals concentrations, assuming equivalents of 2 per mole of Fe and Mn and 3 per mole of Al, was comparable to that computed on the basis of aqueous species and Fe II /Fe III . Despite changes in the pH, alkalinity, and metals concentrations, the hot acidities were comparable for fresh and aged samples. Thus, meaningful "net" acidity can be determined from a measured hot acidity or by calculation from the pH, alkalinity, and dissolved metals concentrations. Together, these water-quality data can be useful for evaluating the potential for toxicity, corrosion, or encrustation and can be helpful for determining the appropriate remediation. By demonstrating the measurements on fresh and aged samples, we hope to encourage (1) consistent use of the hot peroxide treatment procedure for acidity determination and (2) consistent reporting of negative acidity values.
Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Decoupler for Nonlinear Multi-Input Multi-Output Distillation Columns

The distillation process is vital in many fields of chemical industries, such as the two-coupled distillation columns that are usually highly nonlinear Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) coupled processes. The control of MIMO process is usually implemented via a decentralized approach using a set of Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) loop controllers. Decoupling the MIMO process into group of single loops requires proper input-output pairing and development of decoupling compensator unit. This paper proposes a novel intelligent decoupling approach for MIMO processes based on new MIMO brain emotional learning architecture. A MIMO architecture of Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC) is developed and applied as a decoupler for 4 input/4 output highly nonlinear coupled distillation columns process. Moreover, the performance of the proposed Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Decoupler (BELBID) is enhanced using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The performance is compared with the PSO optimized steady state decoupling compensation matrix. Mathematical models of the distillation columns and the decouplers are built and tested in simulation environment by applying the same inputs. The results prove remarkable success of the BELBID in minimizing the loops interactions without degrading the output that every input has been paired with.
Using a spatially realistic load model to assess impacts of Alaskan glacier ice loss on sea level

[1] Ice loss from glaciers results in highly nonuniform patterns of sea level change due to the effects of self-attraction and loading. To quantify these spatial effects, it is necessary to obtain an ice load model that is both spatially realistic and regionally complete. We demonstrate a technique to produce such a model for the Alaskan glaciers by combining mass balance rates from a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mascon solution with realistic glacier geometries. This load model can be used to solve the “sea level equation” to determine gravitationally self-consistent sea level and gravity rates. The model predicts a significant drop in relative sea level in the near field of the glaciers, with coastal rates of around −9 mm/yr (compared to a global average rise of 0.2 mm/yr) and significant differences to those predicted by a coarser model. The magnitude and sensitivity of these near-field rates imply that the near-field tide gauge records could contain significant information about the spatial distribution of ice loss. Comparison of model gravity rates with an independently produced, spherical harmonic, GRACE solution verifies that our technique can successfully capture the mass changes estimated in the mascon solution within our higher-resolution model. Finally, we use our ice load model to examine the possibility of detecting the effects of ice loss in estimates of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) from GRACE. We use the model to simulate the effects of GRACE signal leakage and show that the OBP signal from leakage has a similar pattern to, but larger amplitude than, the sea level “fingerprint” expected from ice loss.
A NEW 2D OTSU FOR WATER EXTRACTION FROM SAR IMAGE

Abstract. SAR image segmentation is a crucial step that heavily influences the performance of image interpretation. The texture factor to replace the neighborhood mean dimension in the traditional Otsu method is proposed in this work, aiming at the problem that the SAR image has unique characteristics and the original 2D Otsu method only considers the pixel neighborhood mean information. In this paper, TerraSAR image with the single band and single polarization is used to water extraction. Firstly, the semantic function is used to analyze the structural characteristics of the sample image to determine the optimal parameters of the texture information extraction. Then, calculate the textural measures such as contrast, entropy, homogeneity, mean and second moment based on gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM) method. The results are compared with the artificially marked images and the results of the original 2D Otsu.The experimental results achieve higher objective values, which shows the proposed algorithm using texture factor has a high practical value for SAR Image water segmentation.