Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Customer purchase behaviour and shopping in B2C e-commerce

Purpose – digitalization of business processes, cultural backgrounds and consequences on behavioral differences make a direct impact on customer purchase behavior across different countries. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of the economic situation in the selected countries regarding the e-commerce business. Research methodology – first, the paper presents a theoretical model for customer purchase behavior and the develop-ment of the theory in the B2C e-commerce context. Second, it is analyzed the main aspects of shopping behavior in se-lected countries. Findings – a difference between traditional and e-commerce customer purchase behavior model was found. Next, the re-search shows the main characteristics of shopping in B2C and provides a better understanding of the impact of digitaliza-tion. Research limitations – research will focus on the shopping in B2C e-commerce market in the Czech Republic, Lithuania and in the European Union. The data is based on the Czech Statistical Office, which covers a period from 2010 to 2018 and the respondents of the survey purchased online in the 12 months prior to 2018. Practical implications – the paper confirmed the fact that the B2C e-commerce market in the Czech Republic is developed and has potential to grow nationally and internationally. It is necessary to further investigate the relationship between cus-tomer purchase behavior, e-commerce, and other economic indicators, possibly including other factors. Originality/Value – the paper investigates online shopping for the period between 2010–2018. Finally, the authors dis-cuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
Current Understanding on Tail Regeneration in Green Anoles (Anolis carolinensis)

Regeneration of lost tail is of great importance to lizards. Anolis carolinensis, a green lizard, is capable of regenerating its tail efficiently after autotomy. Hence, it is considered as a model organism in regeneration study. A. carolinensis shed its tail in order to distract the predator’s attention and thus makes a way to escape. Restoring of the amputated tail takes several days and the mechanism is currently clearly understood. Although save its life, tail regeneration is associated with the impairment of several vital functions in anoles. In addition, various differences have been observed between original and regenerated tail in terms of mechanism and structure. To date, very little work has been conducted on tail autotomy and regeneration at molecular and genetic level. The genes responsible for regeneration in anoles are identified recently. These genes are evolutionarily conserved through all tetrapod vertebrates. They are, however, in a state of ‘switchedoff’ in other vertebrates including humans. Consequently, a throughout study of these so-called ‘switched-off’ genes may provide a way of restoring lost organs in human, and thus could revolutionize the modern medical science.
Examining the Association between Disability Types and Employment Status of Cypriots with Physical Disabilities

Access to employment is a standout among the most troublesome issues confronted by disabled people in Cyprus, as more than 10,000 who have appropriate qualifications remain unemployed. Worldwide estimations indicate that disabled people are either unemployed or underemployed at a much higher rate when compared to individuals with no disability. This study aimed at examining the association of the unemployment and underemployment status of disabled people with their demographic characteristics as it appears in other countries with similar cultural and legal environments. This correlational and regression study encompassed collecting primary data using 117 online questionnaire responses gathered from the 6,000 registered members with physical disabilities in related organizations in Cyprus. The study used cross-sectional survey utilizing judgment (purposive) sampling to simultaneously measure demographic variables and type of disability, toward the unemployment and/or underemployment status of disabled individuals in Cyprus, to identify possible relationships between them hence to identify if demographic variables and type of disability significantly relate to unemployment and underemployment. Results indicate that people with certain disability types have higher probabilities of being employed than others with different types of disability. People with paraplegia, quadriplegia, dystrophy, and neurological disabilities hold lower employment rates than other types of disability. People with visual disability and people with absent limb/reduced limb function rank high in both unemployment and employment rates at an equal rate. There is a significant association between the type of disability and the employment status of disabled people. The study findings relating to the employment status of disabled people in Cyprus differ to the literature findings, as it is unexpectedly much lower to what it is reported in the literature.
A Retrospective Case Series of a Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane Allograft for Treatment of Unresolved Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

BACKGROUND Foot ulcers are among the most serious complications of diabetes and can lead to amputation. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) often fail to heal with standard wound care, thereby making new treatments necessary. This case series describes the addition of a dehydrated amniotic membrane allograft (DAMA) to standard care in unresolved DFUs. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective chart review of eight patients who had one to three applications of DAMA to nine DFUs that had failed to resolve despite offloading, other standard care, and adjuvant therapies. Following initial DAMA placement, wound size (length, width, depth) was measured every 1 to 2 weeks until closure. The principal outcome assessed was mean time to wound closure; other outcomes included mean percent reduction from baseline in wound area and volume at weeks 2 to 8. RESULTS All wounds were closed a mean of 9.2 weeks after the first DAMA application (range, 3.0-13.5 weeks). Compared with baseline, wound area and volume, respectively, were reduced by a mean of 48% and 60% at week 2 and by 89% and 91% at week 8. Time to closure was shorter among four patients who had three DAMA applications (mean, 8.3 weeks; range, 4.0-11.0 weeks) than among three patients who had only one application (mean, 12.1 weeks; range, 9.5-13.5 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Chronic, unresolved DFUs treated with DAMA rapidly improved and reached closure in an average of 9.2 weeks. These cases suggest that DAMA can facilitate closure of DFUs that have failed to respond to standard treatments.
Assessment of β Cell Mass and Oxidative Peritoneal Exudate Cells in Murine Type 1 Diabetes using Adoptive Transfer System

Because it is controversial how the g cell mass is reduced during the disease process in type 1 diabetes, we transferred splenocytes from Non-obese diabetic (NOD) to NOD-scid mice and evaluated the relation between the status of the pancreas in donors and the time taken to transfer diabetes to the recipients. We also evaluated the usefulness of assessment of the proportion of oxidative peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) as a novel marker of disease activity in this system. We examined the proportion of oxidative PEC, pancreatic insulin content and pancreatic histology in 16-18-week-old female NOD mice (donors), and transferred their splenocytes into 5-week-old female NOD-scid mice (recipients). After the onset of diabetes in NOD-scid recipients, we assessed the relation between insulin content (or severity of insulitis) of NOD donors and the time taken to transfer diabetes to NOD-scid recipients. The insulin content of "diabetes-prone" donors whose disease status was considered to be just before the onset of diabetes ("malignant" donors) was the same as that of diabetic mice, whereas the insulin content of "diabetes-prone" donors excluding "malignant" donors ("benign" donors) was the same as that of "non-diabetes-prone" donors. Because its proportion of oxidative PEC was inversely correlated with the severity of insulitis, we then evaluated the relation between the proportion of oxidative PEC and the time taken to transfer diabetes. "Malignant" donors had less proportion of oxidative PEC (<10%), as compared to "benign" and "non-diabetes-prone" donors. These results suggest that a marked reduction of g cell mass occurs at the very late prediabetic stage, and assessment of the proportion of oxidative PEC is useful to evaluate disease activity in type 1 diabetes.
Improving the clinician-scientist pathway: a survey of clinician-scientists.

health care providers. Sample medication use has been shown to increase out-of-pocket costs for patients. Thus, sample removal and provider education may help mitigate increasing health care expenditures. In addition, clinics participating in pay-for-performance agreements with insurance companies may benefit financially. Overall, generic prescribing increased from 58% to 65.1%. According to one third-party payer (“Incent and Reward Best Practices” [internal document, part of the Pay-forPerformance agreement between Wellmark and the clinic physicians], January 2008), this clinic moved from not qualifying for a generic prescribing award to the highest level award offered in 180 days. Further study of the financial implications of sample removal from this setting should be considered.
Customers’ Use of Menu Labeling in Restaurants and Their Perceptions of Menu Labeling Attributes

The purpose of this study was to examine restaurant customers’ use of menu labeling and their perception of menu labeling attributes. Further, the study investigated relations of menu labeling use behavior, and perception of menu labeling attributes with behavioral intentions toward menu labeling. Using a self-administered survey conducted for 2 weeks from the 2nd week of October, 2015, data were collected from restaurant customers who were exposed to menu labeling over 3 months at the time of the survey. A total of 426 respondents completed the survey. Respondents were asked about use of menu labeling, usefulness, ease of understanding, accuracy, and demographic information. There was a difference in menu labeling use behavior according to age, whereas respondents aged 50 years or over showed significantly higher use of menu labeling than those in 20s (P ＜ 0.001). Perceptions of menu labeling attributes positively affected behavioral intentions towards menu labeling. While all three menu labeling attributes, ‘usefulness’, ‘ease of understanding’, and ‘accuracy’, were positive factors for behavioral intentions towards menu labeling, usefulness was the biggest attribute explaining behavioral intentions (P ＜ 0.001). The study findings offer implications that can be applied to academics, the foodservice industry, and government in an attempt to nurture a healthy eating environment through provision of nutritional information at restaurants.
New Developments in Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Income Tax Policy ?How to Address Income Shifting from Labor to Capital Income Tax Base?

Labor and capital incomes are usually taxed at different rates. These rate differentials are widening world over as countries cut corporate income taxes and effectively raise personal income taxes by levying higher social insurance premiums on their aging population. Therefore, owners of small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) can reduce their tax liability by restructuring their sole proprietorships as corporations. By doing so, they convert income from labor into lesser- taxed capital income and owe less tax burden. This tax - minimization strategy, so - called gincome shifting from labor to capital h, has become notable and been reported by many researches and government reports world over. The first half of this paper studies the recent problem in the US and UK. Thereafter, it takes up the case in Japan. The often - noted problem in Japan is rather unique. Point is that tax burden on salary income is alleviated because its tax code grants a special deduction for it. As its corporate tax rate was high until 2000s, Japanese small - business owners have incorporated and received all of their corporation fs earnings as salary and retained none. Because of this tax avoidance activities ( gincome shifting to salary h), many small corporations have seemingly gotten into red (Tajika and Yashio, 2005). This situation is changing. Like many countries, Japan has raised taxes on wage income by hiking social insurance premiums while reducing corporate tax rates. These reforms favor retaining corporate earnings over paying them as salaries. As a result, tax - minimizing efforts to convert wage income into capital income (retained earnings) by SME owners, that is, gincome shifting from labor to capital h can become a serious problem in Japan in the near future. This paper studies such recent situations and offers suggestions for future tax and social security reforms.
Three dimensional gravity from ISO(2,1) coset models

Starting from a WZWN action in the ISO(2,1) Poincare group which describes a bosonized spinning string in 2+1 Minkowski space-time, we show that a sequence of non-trivial compactifications leads to the description of a spinless string which moves in a (linear dilaton) vacuum, AdS{sub 3} or BTZ black hole background. Other solutions are also obtained and their T duals analyzed.
Executive Function Deficits in Patients after Cerebellar Neurosurgery

Abstract The cerebellum has long been perceived as a structure responsible for the human motor function. According to the contemporary approach, however, it plays a significant role in complex behavior regulatory processes. The aim of this study was to describe executive functions in patients after cerebellar surgery. The study involved 30 patients with cerebellar pathology. The control group comprised 30 neurologically and mentally healthy individuals, matched for sex, age, and number of years of education. Executive functions were measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), Trail Making Test (TMT), and working memory by the Digit Span. Compared to healthy controls, patients made more Errors and Perseverative errors in the WCST, gave more Perseverative responses, and had a lower Number of categories completed. The patients exhibited higher response times in all three parts of the SCWT and TMT A and B. No significant differences between the two groups were reported in their performance of the SCWT and TMT with regard to the measures of absolute or relative interference. The patients had lower score on the backward Digit Span. Patients with cerebellar pathology may exhibit some impairment within problem solving and working memory. Their worse performance on the SCWT and TMT could, in turn, stem from their poor motor–somatosensory control, and not necessarily executive deficits. Our results thus support the hypothesis of the cerebellum’s mediating role in the regulation of the activity of the superordinate cognitive control network in the brain. (JINS, 2016, 22, 47–57)
A Stochastic Mathematical Appointment Overbooking Model for Healthcare Providers to Improve Profits

This paper develops a stochastic mathematical overbooking model (SMOM) for determining the optimal number of patient appointments to accept to maximize expected total profits for diverse healthcare environments. Overbooking is necessary to alleviate the detrimental effects of no-shows that are experienced by healthcare providers. Compared with traditional simple deterministic overbooking approaches, SMOM is unique since it considers the probability distributions of no-shows and walk-ins to obtain the optimal solution. Usually, healthcare providers would only have no-show data based on their current practices, so the authors provide a method to extrapolate the conditional probability to estimate what happens when overbooking occurs. SMOM is then compared with two alternative strategies: the base case of no overbooking and the naive statistical overbooking approach (NSOA) that simply adds the mean number of no-shows minus the mean number of walk-ins to the number of appointments to accept. It is shown using data collected for 59 physicians in a medical clinic that SMOM compared with the base case can increase profits by 43.72% on average whereas NSOA improves profits by 29.66% on average. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate SMOM is robust under a diversity of healthcare environments and cost structures
25 Somatic Embryogenesis in Recalcitrant Plants

Laura Yesenia Solís-Ramos1,2,*, Antonio Andrade-Torres3,4, Luis Alfonso Sáenz Carbonell3, Carlos M. Oropeza Salín3 and Enrique Castaño de la Serna1 1Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, (CICY), Mérida, Yucatán, Studies on habanero chilli biotechnology 2Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Genetic Plant Transformation and Biotechnology 3Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, (CICY), Mérida, Yucatán, Biotechnological studies on coconut 4INBIOTECAInstituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México, Genetic Plant Transformation and Biotechnology 1,3,4México 2Costa Rica
Effect of mass media campaign to reduce socioeconomic differences in women's awareness and behaviour concerning use of folic acid: cross sectional study

In September 1995, a mass media campaign on the use of folic acid to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects started in the Netherlands.1 Special emphasis was placed on reaching women in low socioeconomic categories. We describe the effect of the campaign on awareness and use of folic acid in relation to socioeconomic status We measured the effect of the campaign by comparing two cross sectional studies—one conducted before the campaign and one conducted after the campaign We asked pregnant women in four regions of the Netherlands attending their first or second antenatal visit to fill out a questionnaire; all did so. We took highest fulfilled education, a recognised indicator of socioeconomic status, and merged it into three levels: low, middle, and high. We used multivariate logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios for high versus low education. The methodology has been described elsewhere.2 In both studies, 90% of the pregnancies …
The Direct Effects of Propofol on Pial Microvessels in Rabbits

Propofol is widely used for neurosurgical anesthesia; however, its effects on the pial microvasculature are unknown. We therefore evaluated the direct effects of propofol on pial microvessels in rabbits. Pial microcirculation was visualized using a closed cranial window technique in 20 Japanese white rabbits. In the first experiment (n=14), after baseline hemodynamic measurements, the cranial window was superfused with 5 increasing concentrations of propofol (10−8, 10−7, 10−6, 10−5, 10−4 mol/L; n=8) or intralipid (at comparable concentrations; n=6) dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 7 minutes each. A typical anesthetic concentration of 5 μg/mL corresponds to 10−6 mol/L. In the second experiment (n=6), phenylephrine 10−6 mol/L and nitroglycerin 10−6 mol/L were applied topically for 7 minutes under pentobarbital anesthesia. In the third experiment (n=3), electroencephalogram and bispectral index were measured under pentobarbital anesthesia. Diameters of selected pial arterioles and venules were visualized with a microscope-video capture unit combination and subsequently measured with a digital video analyzer. Topical application of propofol at 10−8, 10−7, 10−6, or 10−5 mol/L did not alter the diameters of the pial microvessels; however, at 10−4 mol/L propofol induced dilation in large and small arterioles, along with venular dilation. Intralipid alone did not have any significant effect on vessel diameters. Phenylephrine and nitroglycerin produced pial arteriolar and venular constriction and dilation, respectively. Phenylephrine constricted and nitroglycerin dilated pial arterioles and venules. Pentobarbital did not produce either burst suppression or an isoelectric electroencephalogram. The results confirm our hypothesis: clinically relevant concentrations of propofol, that is, approximately 10−6 mol/L, do not dilate pial arterioles or venules.
Digoxin pharmacokinetics: Role of renal failure in dosage regimen design

Radioimmunoassayed serum concentration and urinary excretion data for digoxin from azotemic patients were characterized using a 2‐compartment open model. Urinary excretion rates of digoxin as well as serum concentration data are needed to accurately characterize the disposition of the drug. Seven patients with renal failure showed highly variable steady‐state volumes of distribution (VSSD = 195 to 489 liters/1.73 m2) and tÛβ values (1.5 to 5.2 days). This variability is a major limiting factor in the use of dosage regimen nomograms that assume a constant VSSD and a rigorous relationship between tÛβ and creatinine clearance (ClCR). Body clearance (ClB) is a parameter that is affected by both elimination and distribution of drugs. A linear relationship between ClB and renal clearance of digoxin or ClCR was found and was used to develop a model‐independent approach to calculation of maintenance doses of digoxin. Several methods for calculating steady‐state serum concentrations of digoxin (CSSD) were compared with actual measurements obtained in 16 chronically medicated patients. Optimum computation of CSSD is obtained by use of digoxin renal and body clearances. Variability in the digoxin: creatinine renal clearance ratio is the major limiting factor in prediction of digoxin dosage regimens.
Short-form 6D assessment in compression module of the American College of Phlebology Patient Reported Outcome Venous Registry

Objective The goal of this American College of Phlebology Patient Reported Outcome Venous Registry analysis was to examine the clinical efficacy of compression stockings using short-form 6D questionnaire (SF-6D). Method SF-6D scores were modeled over time using linear mixed effects model. Changes of SF-6D score from baseline to the last encounter were examined using a paired t-test. Analysis of variance was used to compare changes from baseline in SF-6D scores between C classifications. All analyses were conducted using SAS software, version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary NC). Results Baseline mean SF-6D score was 0.83 and at follow-up, 0.85. Mean SF-6D change was +0.02 points (P = .001) over an average time period of 5.5 months. Patients’ SF-6D scores were estimated to increase by +0.03 points (P = .005) per year of usage of compression stockings. SF-6D score changes across C classifications did not demonstrate significant differences (P = .265). Conclusion There was an improvement of SF-6D score in the registry participants who used circular knit compression stockings.
El sistema competencial y la financiación del Estado autonómico en el marco de la estabilidad presupuestaria: algunas propuestas de reforma

La Teoria del Federalismo Fiscal describe la organizacion ideal de un Estado descentralizado en tres areas fundamentales �sistema competencial, poder tributario y sistemas de financiacion, y estabilidad presupuestaria�. Este trabajo resume, en primer lugar, las conclusiones principales de la Teoria para, acto seguido, confrontarlas con la realidad del modelo espanol. Finalmente, con base en las recomendaciones del Federalismo Fiscal, la experiencia comparada y algunos trabajos recientes sobre el caso espanol, se enumeran diferentes propuestas de reforma en las tres areas objeto de estudio, cuya finalidad reside en contribuir al reforzamiento del Estado social, formula en la que se constituye Espana.