Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type II Secretion and Type IV Pili of Francisella

Abstract: Francisella tularensis genomes encode homologues of type IV pili. Though several F. tularensis genes required for Tfp expression are homologous to genes required for type II secretion (T2S), these gene clusters mainly bear structural signatures that are typical of Tfp. There is preliminary evidence that different F. tularensis subspecies express Tfp‐like surface structures, but there are also some interesting differences between the subspecies. One difference between the nonpathogenic subspecies novicida (F. novicida) and the highly pathogenic type A strains is in sequence of one of the predicted pilin genes, pilA. In contrast, type B strains show several differences compared to type A strains, two predicted pilin genes and the pilT gene are pseudogenes, while pilA is identical to pilA that is encoded by the type A strains. This is likely significant as PilA contributes to virulence of type B strains while PilT is essential for Tfp retraction in other bacterial pathogens. Tfp‐mediated protein secretion is only evident in in vitro grown F. novicida. Surprisingly, secretion of several F. novicida proteins was dependent on pilA and other genes with postulated roles in Tfp expression. F. novicida secretion mutants were more virulent in the mouse infection model. Thus, in F. novicida, Tfp gene clusters serve both T2S and Tfp assembly and it is tempting to speculate that evolution of the pathogenic subspecies involved loss of functional T2S via structural changes of PilA and additional genes, including those that encode some of the Tfp‐secreted proteins.
Goal Disengagement, Well-Being, and Goal Achievement in Romantic Couples Pursuing Health Behavior Change: Evidence from Two Daily Diary Studies.

BACKGROUND Withdrawing effort and commitment from important goals (i.e. goal disengagement) has been discussed as an effective aspect of goal adaption. However, studies have focused especially on between-person differences. The present studies aimed to investigate within-person differences in goal disengagement within a dyadic context of romantic couples. Across two different health behaviors, we specifically tested whether goal disengagement would be associated with better well-being, but lower goal achievement in everyday life. METHODS In two dyadic daily diary studies (Study 1: 61 overweight couples aiming to become physically active; Study 2: 83 dual-smoker couples aiming to quit smoking), both partners independently reported on goal disengagement, positive and negative affect. Behavioral goal achievement was measured via accelerometer (Study 1) and self-report (Study 2). RESULTS Analyses based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model revealed that across both studies, one's own goal disengagement was related to lower well-being and a lower likelihood for goal achievement on a daily level (actor effects). Only in Study 1 were partner effects on negative affect and goal achievement found. CONCLUSIONS In daily life, goal disengagement may not be as adaptive for well-being and goal achievement in health behavior change. Dyadic associations were not consistent, and might be more context-sensitive.
Implementation of the Three-Phase Switched Reluctance Machine System for Motors and Generators

This paper presents two three-phase switched reluctance machine systems. One is the dual motors drive for the electric locomotive traction; the other is the variable-speed generator system for wind power applications. The principles of the switched reluctance machine system operated at four quadrants, the scheme of the symmetrical traction at quadrant I and quadrant III, and the scheme of the symmetrical regenerative braking control at quadrant II and quadrant IV, are given. The transient phase current analysis and the energy analysis of the switched reluctance machine system at the operational state of braking or generating are evaluated, and the rotor position and the peak value of the phase current at three different conditions are given. The closed-loop rotor speed control of the main motor, synchronization of the rotor speed, and balance distribution of loads between the main motor and the subordinate motor have been implemented by the fuzzy logic algorithm. The closed-loop output power control of the switched reluctance wind power generator system implemented by regulating the turn-on angle of the main switches with fuzzy logic algorithm and fixed turn-off angle of the main switches is also presented. The major components of the two prototypes are explained in detail. The experimental results of the dual 7.5-kW three-phase 6/4 structure switched reluctance motors (SRMs) parallel drive system prototype are included. It is shown that the maximum difference in the output torque of the two motors at the same given rotor speeds is within 10.00% and the maximum difference in the practical rotor speed of the two motors is within 5.00%. The tested results of three-phase 12/8 structure switched reluctance variable-speed wind power generator system show that the error of the closed-loop output power control is within 2.2%, while the rotor speed range is close to the ratio of 1:3 with the low rotor speed 405 r/min. The average dc line current of the power converter can be utilized as a feedback signal for the actual output torque of SRM drive or a feedback signal for the actual output power of switched reluctance generator system.
Effect of Methionine Sulfoximine on the Accumulation of Ammonia in C(3) and C(4) Leaves : The Relationship between NH(3) Accumulation and Photorespiratory Activity.

Additions of methionine sulfoximine (MSX), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), result in an increase in NH(3) in seedling leaves of C(3) (wheat [Triticum aestivum cv. Kolibri] and barley [Hordeum vulgare var Perth]) and C(4) (corn [Zea mays W6A x W182E] and sorghum [Sorghum Vulgare var MK300]) plants. NH(3) accumulation is higher in C(3) (about 17.8 micromoles per gram fresh weight per hour) than in C(4) (about 4.7 micromoles) leaves. Under ideal conditions, when photosynthesis is not yet inhibited by the accumulation of NH(3), the rate of NH(3) accumulation is about 16% of the apparent rate of photosynthesis. A maximum accumulation of NH(3) was elicited by 2.5 millimolar MSX and was essentially independent of the addition of NO(3) (-) during either the growth or experimental period. When O(2) levels in the air were reduced to 2%, MSX resulted in some accumulation of NH(3) (6.0 micromoles per gram fresh weight per hour). At these levels of NH(3), there was no significant inhibition of rates of CO(2) fixation. There was also a minor, but significant, accumulation of NH(3) in corn roots treated with MSX. Inhibitors of photorespiration (isonicotinic hydrazide, 70 millimolar; 2-pyridylhydroxymethanesulfonic acid, 20 millimolar) or transaminase reactions (aminooxyacetate, 1 millimolar) inhibited the accumulation of NH(3) in both C(3) and C(4) leaves. These results support the hypothesis that GS is important in the assimilation of NH(3) in leaves and that the glycine-serine conversion is a major source of that NH(3).
Borrower Risk Signaling Using Loan-to-Value Ratios

This paper evaluates the signaling capability of the borrower's selected loan-to-value ratio, and finds the equity proportion of housing capital to be a good indicator of the loan's riskiness. It also compares residential mortgage bundles among the commonly used statistical models of multiple discriminant analysis, probit and logit. Classification accuracy and significance are contrasted among the bundles using loan-to-value ratios of 80%, 90% and 95%. The results show major differences in significance and sign changes among loan-to-value ratio levels and the choice of model. All models were highly significant, but classified different variables with substantial differences in the significance levels.
Short-term effects of coronary angiographic contrast agents on thyroid function.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of two iodine-containing contrast agents used for coronary angiography on subsequent thyroid hormone concentrations. METHODS We prospectively studied thyroid function in 56 patients, with no previous history of thyroid disease and normal findings on thyroid examinations, who underwent nonemergent cardiac catheterization. Thyroid hormone concentrations were assessed at baseline and at day 1 and day 7 after administration of a radiographic iodinated contrast agent (Renografin or Omnipaque). RESULTS Use of Omnipaque and Renografin was not associated with significant changes in thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, triiodothyronine resin uptake, free thyroxine index, or total triiodothyronine. Three patients had slightly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations at 7 days after angiography. CONCLUSION Administration of iodinated contrast agents for cardiac catheterization does not result in hyperthyroidism in patients with previously normal findings on thyroid examination.
A study of subharmonic injection locking for local oscillators

The analysis of a subharmonic injection locked local oscillator introduced here is based on a general nonlinear input-output model for the subharmonic synchronized oscillator. The results show the nth-order subharmonic injection locking oscillator is locked primarily by the nth harmonic output of an injected signal that is generated by the current-voltage nonlinearity of the active device. The measurement of subharmonic injection locking range, at factors of 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4, of a MESFET DRO (dielectric resonator oscillator) verified these results. <<ETX>>
The Cysteine String Secretory Vesicle Protein Activates Hsc70 ATPase*

Cysteine string protein (CSP) is a 34 kDa secretory vesicle protein bearing a “J-domain” as well as a palmitoylated cysteine-rich “string” region used for membrane attachment. Mutation of the CSP gene causes impaired presynaptic neuromuscular transmission in Drosophila melanogaster, implicating CSP as part of the exocytotic protein machinery. The J-domain of CSP shares homology with the universally conserved DnaJ family, a group of proteins that act as co-chaperones with Hsc70 and its homologs. Hsc70 is an abundant neural protein with coupled protein binding and ATPase activities. We have investigated the CSP modulation of Hsc70 ATPase activity. Here we demonstrated that CSP enhances Hsc70 ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. CSP activation of Hsc70 was maximal (~12 times) at 1:1 stoichiometry and above. We show that a J-domain-containing fragment (amino acids 1-82) of CSP is sufficient for the activation of Hsc70. Neither CSP nor the amino-terminal fragment stimulate the activity of the isolated Hsc70 ATPase domain (amino acids 1-386). CSP does not significantly increase the activity of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein, another ATPase required for transport vesicle function. Our results suggest that CSP, a DnaJ family member associated with the secretory vesicle cycle regulates Hsc70 functions. Hsc70 may function within the biochemical pathways of exo- and endocytosis to promote the formation or dissociation of multimeric complexes or to regulate conformational changes.
INVESTIGATING THE PRESENT CAPITAL MARKET CRISIS AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES IN BANGLADESH

Capital market crisis has become a burning issue for Bangladesh after the crash of 2010. Considering this importance the study analyzed the crisis of present capital crisis and its recovery strategy through a quantitative research method. For analysis, 100 structured questionnaires were analyzed who were selected from Lanka Bangla Securities Limited in Chittagong. A convenience sampling technique was used for the study. The result indicates that prime reasons of crisis in the capital market of Bangladesh are frequent changes in regulatory policies, liquidity crisis, unwillingness of institutional investors to invest, lack of confidence and patience among investors. Stability in the financial sector, strong policy formulation, ensuring transparency and inclusiveness, revising rules and regulations of SEC are the important strategies, according to respondents, to overcome capital market crisis. This finding implies that developing and ensuring stability in capital may contribute to the overall economic development of the country as a whole. Therefore, the outcomes of the study bring out implications for the government, regulators, and policy makers to uplift the capital over crisis.
IMPLEMENTASI GREEN ACCOUNTING BERBASIS UNIVERSITY SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (USR) DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

The purpose of the research is to know about implementation of green accounting based university social responsibility at Yogyakarta State University. The population in this research were the officials at the State University of Yogyakarta , amount to 325 people . Data collection techniques in this study is the documentation and questionnaires . The research was a descriptive . The number of samples collected was 50 people , sampling technique used was simple random sampling . These results indicate that : 1 ) environmental concerns on the implementation of green accounting university -based social responsibility in UNY on the tendency of data categories with a high percentage of 50 % or a number of 25 respondents . 2 ) involvement of the environment based on the implementation of green accounting in university social responsibility to the tendency of the data categories UNY low at 52 % or a majority of respondents as many as 26 respondents . 3 ) environmental report on the implementation of green accounting university -based social responsibility in UNY on the tendency of data categories is also low at 21 respondents or 42 % . 4 ) environmental audits on the implementation of green accounting university -based social responsibility in UNY also the tendency of category data low at 44 % or 22 respondents .
Semi-Automatic Annotation with Predicted Visual Saliency Maps for Object Recognition in Wearable Video

Recognition of objects of a given category in visual content is one of the key problems in computer vision and multimedia. It is strongly needed in wearable video shooting for a wide range of important applications in society. Supervised learning approaches are proved to be the most efficient in this task. They require available ground truth for training models. It is specifically true for Deep Convolution Networks, but is also hold for other popular models such as SVM on visual signatures. Annotation of ground truth when drawing bounding boxes (BB) is a very tedious task requiring important human resource. The research in prediction of visual attention in images and videos has attained maturity, specifically in what concerns bottom-up visual attention modeling. Hence, instead of annotating the ground truth manually with BB we propose to use automatically predicted salient areas as object locators for annotation. Such a prediction of saliency is not perfect, nevertheless. Hence active contours models on saliency maps are used in order to isolate the most prominent areas covering the objects. The approach is tested in the framework of a well-studied supervised learning model by SVM with psycho-visual weighted Bag-of-Words. An egocentric GTEA dataset was used in the experiment. The difference in mAP (mean average precision) is less than 10 percent while the mean annotation time is 36% lower.
The management of atrial fibrillation: summary of updated NICE guidance

Atrial fibrillation is increasingly common,1 with more than 800 000 people being affected in England.2 Many people are managed in primary care without hospital involvement. The condition is a major cause of morbidity, particularly stroke, and it reduces life expectancy. Strokes caused by atrial fibrillation are largely avoidable—most can be prevented by anticoagulation. Yet uptake of anticoagulation by people with known atrial fibrillation who are at increased risk of stroke is suboptimal.3 4 5 Since the publication of the 2006 guidance, several developments relating to risk stratification, stroke prevention, and rhythm management have led to a partial update on the 2006 guidance. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). 6 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group’s experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. All recommendations below should be in accordance with the NICE patient experience guideline,7 and the benefits and risks of treatment should be discussed with the patient. ### Diagnosis and assessment
The Role of Social Ties in Dynamic Networks

Social networks are everywhere, from face-to-face activities to online social networks such as Flickr, YouTube and Facebook. In social networks, ties (relationships) are connections between people. The change of social relationships over time consequently leads to the evolution of the social network structure. At the same time, ties serve as carriers to transfer pieces of information from one person to another. Studying social ties is critical to understanding the fundamental processes behind the network. Although many studies on social networks have been carried out over the last many decades, most of the work either used small in-lab datasets, or focused on directly connected static relations while ignoring indirect relations and the dynamic nature of real networks. Today, because of the emergence of online social networks, more and more large longitudinal social datasets are becoming available. The available real social datasets are fundamental to understanding evolution processes of networks in more depth. In this thesis, we study the role of social ties in dynamic networks using datasets from various domains of online social networks. Networks, especially social networks often exhibit dual dynamic nature: the structure of the graph changes (by node and edge insertion and removal), and information flows in the network. Our work focuses on both aspects of network dynamics. The purpose of this work is to better understand the role of social ties in network evolution and changes over time, and to determine what social factors help shape individuals’ choices in negative behavior. We first developed a metric that measures the strength of indirectly connected ties. We validated the accuracy of the measurement of indirect tie metric with real-world social datasets from four domains. Another important aspect of my research is the study of edge creation and forecast future graph structure in time evolving networks. We aim to develop algorithms that explain the edge formation properties and process which govern the network evolution. We also designed algorithms in the information propagation process to identify next spreaders several steps ahead, and use them to predict diffusion paths.
Multiple route and dose pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in juvenile Atlantic salmon.

The fluoroquinolone antibacterial family is a relatively recent group of bactericidal compounds, generally characterized by efficacy against a wide spectrum of bacterial organisms and exhibiting minimal adverse effects in treated patients. The fluoroquinolones are widely prescribed in both human and veterinary medicine, though in veterinary medicine in the USA there are currently only two approved compounds, enrofloxacin (Baytril, Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee Mission, KS) and sarafloxacin (SaraFlox, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL), both with limited species and disease label approvals. Currently, there are no approved fluoroquinolone antibacterials to treat bacterial infectious diseases in cultured fish species. Enrofloxacin was administered to juvenile Atlantic salmon as a single bolus via intraarterial (i.a.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), intramuscular (i.m.), or oral gavage routes of administration. The drug was administered via the first three routes to achieve a dose of 10 mg/kg, and via oral gavage to achieve both 10 (p.o.-10) and 5 (p.o.-5) mg/kg doses. Two-compartment model kinetics were observed with elimination of half-lives (t1/2) of 130.6, 34.32, 84.98, 105.11, and 48.24 h, area under the drug concentration-time curves (AUC) of 84.3, 75.31, 55.61, 41.68, and 38.81 micrograms x h/mL, and bioavailabilities (F) of 100, 89.34, 65.97, 49.44, and 46.04% (i.a., i.p., i.m., p.o.-10, p.o.-5, respectively). All administration routes at 10 mg/kg were found to yield comparable drug concentration-time curves for multiple tissue, indicating no distinct advantage of using one route over another from a kinetics perspective. Finally, the 5 mg/kg dose (p.o.-5) yielded comparable multiple tissue drug concentration-time curves to the 10 mg/kg dose (p.o.-10), providing pharmacokinetic evidence to justify therapeutic efficacy trials with the lower dose.
Mechanism of Human SIRT1 Activation by Resveratrol*

The NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase family, Sir2 (or sirtuins), is important for many cellular processes including gene silencing, regulation of p53, fatty acid metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and life span extension. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in wines and thought to harbor major health benefits, was reported to be an activator of Sir2 enzymes in vivo and in vitro. In addition, resveratrol was shown to increase life span in three model organisms through a Sir2-dependent pathway. Here, we investigated the molecular basis for Sir2 activation by resveratrol. Among the three enzymes tested (yeast Sir2, human SIRT1, and human SIRT2), only SIRT1 exhibited significant enzyme activation (∼8-fold) using the commercially available Fluor de Lys kit (BioMol). To examine the requirements for resveratrol activation of SIRT1, we synthesized three p53 acetylpeptide substrates either lacking a fluorophore or containing a 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (p53-AMC) or rhodamine 110 (p53-R110). Although SIRT1 activation was independent of the acetylpeptide sequence, resveratrol activation was completely dependent on the presence of a covalently attached fluorophore. Substrate competition studies indicated that the fluorophore decreased the binding affinity of the peptide, and, in the presence of resveratrol, fluorophore-containing substrates bound more tightly to SIRT1. Using available crystal structures, a model of SIRT1 bound to p53-AMC peptide was constructed. Without resveratrol, the coumarin of p53-AMC peptide is solvent-exposed and makes no significant contacts with SIRT1. We propose that binding of resveratrol to SIRT1 promotes a conformational change that better accommodates the attached coumarin group.
Urinary Free Amino Acid Excretions During Successive Pregnancies

Summary 1. Eighteen 24-hour urine samples collected from one woman during nulligravid, gravid and lactating periods, were analyzed for the free indispensable amino acids—leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, threonine and tryptophan. The excretion level for each amino acid increased from the nulligravid to the gravid state, evident as early as the second month of gestation. Excretion of threonine continued to increase during gestation while methionine fluctuated slightly from the non-pregnant value. The other 8 amino acids showed a decreased excretory level during the fourth and fifth months of gestation. From the sixth to the ninth months, excretion levels of most of the amino acids increased slightly or remained fairly constant. 2. During lactation, the excretion level for each amino acid is less than that for pregnancy or non-pregnancy. 3. Threonine, histidine, lysine and tryptophan showed the greatest changes from one phase of the reproductive cycle to another. 4. While trends of amino acid excretion were similar from one pregnancy to another, the quantities excreted in relation to duration of gestation were different.