Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supercooling of liquids

I shall concentrate upon reviewing the important recent change in our appreciation of the facts of supercooling which has been brought about particularly by the work of Turnbull at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady. I suppose that most of us, talking about supercooling a couple of years ago, would have divided substances into two classes, one with simple crystal structures like gold, and all the other ‘good’ metals on the one hand, and those with complex crystal structures, such as glycerol and the silicates on the other; saying that whereas the latter class can be very much supercooled, and will form glasses, the former class can only be supercooled a very few degrees. Then we would have added that there are some ‘ bad ’ metals, with moderately complex crystal structures, such as antimony or bismuth, which can be supercooled some tens of degrees, forming an intermediate class. I think we would then have added that this is quite comprehensible. In particular, that the X-ray diffraction patterns of the monatomic liquids show us that most of the atoms have the right numbers of nearest neighbours in a first co-ordination shell, all ready in place to start the growth of a crystal; which readily explains why these substances cannot be supercooled very much—a nice simple experimental fact, with a straightforward theoretical interpretation—and both are wrong.
Social Media Engagement and Influenza Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study

Background Vaccines are one of the most important achievements of modern medicine. However, their acceptance is only partial, with vaccine hesitancy and refusal representing a major health threat. Influenza vaccines have low compliance since repeated, annual vaccination is required. Influenza vaccines stimulate discussions both in the real world and online. Social media is currently a significant source of health and medical information. Elucidating the association between social media engagement and influenza vaccination is important and may be applicable to other vaccines, including ones against COVID-19. Objective The goal of this study is to characterize profiles of social media engagement regarding the influenza vaccine and their association with knowledge and compliance in order to support improvement of future web-associated vaccination campaigns. Methods A weblink to an online survey in Hebrew was disseminated over social media and messaging platforms. The survey answers were collected during April 2020. Anonymous and volunteer participants aged 21 years and over answered 30 questions related to sociodemographics; social media usage; influenza- and vaccine-related knowledge and behavior; health-related information searching, its reliability, and its influence; and COVID-19-related information searching. A univariate descriptive data analysis was performed, followed by multivariate analysis via building a decision tree to define the most important attributes associated with vaccination compliance. Results A total of 213 subjects responded to the survey, of whom 207 were included in the analysis; the majority of the respondents were female, were aged 21 to 40 years, had 1 to 2 children, lived in central Israel, were secular Israeli natives, had higher education, and had a salary close to the national average. Most respondents (128/207, 61.8%) were not vaccinated against influenza in 2019 and used social media. Participants that used social media were younger, secular, and living in high-density agglomerations and had lower influenza vaccination rates. The perceived influence and reliability of the information on social media about COVID-19 were generally similar to those perceptions about influenza. Conclusions Using social media is negatively linked to compliance with seasonal influenza vaccination in this study. A high proportion of noncompliant individuals can lead to increased consumption of health care services and can, therefore, overload these health services. This is particularly crucial with a concomitant outbreak, such as COVID-19. Health care professionals should use improved and targeted health communication campaigns with the aid of experts in social media. Targeted communication, based on sociodemographic factors and personalized social media usage, might increase influenza vaccination rates and compliance with other vaccines as well.
Proof-of-concept study investigating the role of S100P-RAGE in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial carcinoma that arises from the lining of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. The efficacy of radiation therapy is limited due to radiation resistance, particularly in the advanced stages of NPC. The S100P protein is a small isoform of the S100 protein family, which is involved in the regulation of various intracellular and extracellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation and intracellular signaling. The aim of the current study was to investigate the significance of the S100P-RAGE axis in NPC progression. The expression levels of S100P and receptor for activated glycation end-products (RAGE) in NPC specimens were determined by western blotting. In addition, the effect of the S100P-RAGE axis on NPC was evaluated in vitro by proliferation and migration assays using C666-1 cells treated with S100P or the RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1. The underlying mechanism was also investigated by western blotting. The expression of S100P and RAGE was detected in clinical specimens from 15 patients with NPC and 15 patients with benign nasopharyngeal inflammation, and was observed to be higher in NPC tissues compared with inflamed tissues. Furthermore, the interaction of S100P with RAGE increased the proliferation and migration potential of C666-1 cells, and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signaling. These results indicate that the S100P-RAGE axis exerts a promoting effect on the progression of NPC. Therefore therapeutic strategies targeting S100P-RAGE merit further exploration for the treatment of NPC.
Inhibition of chaperone-mediated autophagy reduces tumor growth and metastasis and promotes drug sensitivity in colorectal cancer

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective type of autophagy whereby a specific subset of intracellular proteins is targeted to the lysosome for degradation. The present study investigated the mechanisms underlying the response and resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. In engineered 5-FU-resistant CRC cell lines, a significant elevation of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), which is the key molecule in the CMA pathway, was identified. High expression of LAMP2A was found to be responsible for 5-FU resistance and to enhance PLD2 expression through the activation of NF-κB pathway. Accordingly, loss or gain of function of LAMP2A in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells rendered them sensitive or resistant to 5-FU, respectively. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that chemoresistance in patients with CRC may be mediated by enhancing CMA. Thus, CMA is a promising predictor of chemosensitivity to 5-FU treatment and anti-CMA therapy may be a novel therapeutic option for patients with CRC.
Extensive daily movement rates measured in territorial arctic foxes

Abstract An animal's movement rate is a central metric of movement ecology as it correlates with its energy acquisition and expenditure. Obtaining accurate estimates of movement rate is challenging, especially in small highly mobile species where GPS battery size limits fix frequency, and geolocation technology limits positions’ precision. In this study, we used high GPS fix frequencies to evaluate movement rates in eight territorial arctic foxes on Bylot Island (Nunavut, Canada) in July–August 2018. We also assessed the effects of fix interval and location error on estimated movement rates. We obtained 96 fox‐days of data with a fix interval of 4 min and 12 fox‐days with an interval of 30 s. We subsampled the latter dataset to simulate six longer fix intervals ranging from 1 to 60 min and estimated daily distances traveled by adding linear distances between successive locations. When estimated with a fix interval of 4 min, daily distances traveled by arctic foxes averaged 51.9 ± 11.7 km and reached 76.5 km. GPS location error averaged 11 m. Daily distances estimated at fix intervals longer than 4 min were greatly underestimated as fix intervals increased, because of linear estimation of tortuous movements. Conversely, daily distances estimated at fix intervals as small as 30 s were likely overestimated due to location error. To our knowledge, no other territorial terrestrial carnivore was shown to routinely travel daily distances as large as those observed here for arctic foxes. Our results generate new hypotheses and research directions regarding the foraging ecology of highly mobile predators. Furthermore, our empirical assessment of the effects of fix interval and location error on estimated movement rates can guide the design and interpretation of future studies on the movement ecology of small opportunistic foragers.
Sandpipers go with the flow: Correlations between estuarine conditions and shorebird abundance at an important stopover on the Pacific Flyway

Abstract Estuaries of major rivers provide important stopover habitat for migratory birds throughout the world. These estuaries experience large amounts of freshwater inputs from spring runoff. Understanding how freshwater inputs affect food supply for migrating birds, and how birds respond to these changes will be essential for effective conservation of critical estuarine habitats. We estimated trends over time in counts of Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) and Pacific Dunlin (Calidris alpina pacifica) during northward migration on the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia, Canada, where shorebirds feed extensively on intertidal biofilm and invertebrates. We also examined whether counts were correlated with a suite of environmental variables related to local conditions (precipitation, temperature, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, tidal amplitude, and discharge rates from the Fraser River) during a total of 540 surveys from 1991 to 2019. Counts of Western Sandpiper declined ~54% (−2.0% per annum) over the entire study period, and 23% from 2009 to 2019 (−0.9% per annum). Counts of Pacific Dunlin did not show a statistically significant change over the study period. Counts of shorebirds were lower when discharge from the Fraser River was high, which we propose results from a complex interaction between the abrupt changes in salinity and the estuarine food web related to the quantity or quality of intertidal biofilm. Counts were also higher when tidal amplitude was lower (neap tides), potentially related to longer exposure times of the mudflats than during spring tides. Effects of wind are likely related to birds delaying departure from the stopover site during unfavorable wind conditions. The negative trend in migrating Western Sandpipers is consistent with declines in nonbreeding areas as observed in Christmas Bird Counts. Understanding causes of population change in migratory shorebirds highlights the need for research on mechanistic pathways in which freshwater inputs affect food resources at estuarine stopovers.
Lost in Translation: An OSCE-Based Workshop for Helping Learners Navigate a Limited English Proficiency Patient Encounter

Introduction Residents have been known to report a lack of self-efficacy in their ability to provide care for limited English proficiency (LEP) patients. Interpreters must be utilized to help navigate these patient encounters, but many institutions do not have a curriculum focused on utilizing interpreters effectively. Methods We created a 3-hour workshop for physician learners working with the pediatric population. It included a panel discussion, best-practices presentation, video demonstration, observing scenarios, and pre- and postworkshop objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs). The first OSCE introduced learners to a scenario (4-day-old with jaundice with an LEP parent) where interpreter use was imperative. The second OSCE allowed learners to perform another case (12-year-old with an abscess with an LEP parent) and practice newly obtained skills from the workshop. Both OSCEs were scored using a 16-item yes/no checklist. All pediatric residents filled out an eight-item survey to evaluate the workshop; a subset of that group performed the pre- and postworkshop OSCEs. Results Forty pediatric residents attended the workshop and completed the survey. The workshop was well received, with the majority of residents stating they would change their current interpreter usage practices. Ten pediatric residents performed the pre- and postworkshop OSCEs; all improved their scores. Discussion The workshop was effective in improving how residents navigated LEP encounters. It is applicable to learners of all levels who want to improve their communication skills to provide better care for LEP patients and can be tailored to fit the needs of a specific institution.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy versus video laryngoscopy guided intubation in patients with craniovertebral junction instability: A cinefluroscopic comparison

Background: Manipulation during endotracheal intubation in patients with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies may cause neurological deterioration due to underlying instability. Fiberoptic-bronchoscopy (FOB) is better than video laryngoscope (VL) for minimizing cervical spine movement during intubation. However, evidence suggesting superiority of FOB in patients with CVJ instability is lacking. We prospectively compared dynamic movements of the upper cervical spine during intubation using FOB with VL in patients with CVJ anomalies. Methods: A prospective, randomized, and clinical trial was conducted in 62 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologist Grade I-II aged between 12 and 65 years with CVJ anomalies. Patients were randomized for intubation under general anesthesia with either VL or FOB. The intubation process was done with application of skeletal traction and recorded cinefluroscopically. The dynamic interrelationship of bony landmarks (horizontal, vertical, and diagonal distances between fixed points on posterior C1 and C2) was analyzed to indirectly calculate alteration of the upper cervical spinal canal diameter (at CVJ). Atlanto-dental interval (ADI) was calculated wherever possible. Results: The alteration in canal diameter (using bony landmarks) at CVJ during intubation was not significant with the use of either VL or FOB (P > 0.05). In 41 patients, where ADI could be measured, ADI was reduced (increased spinal canal diameter) in a greater number of patients in VL group when compared to FOB group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Using rigid skull traction, intubation under general anesthesia with VL offers similar advantage as FOB in terms of the spinal kinematics in patients with CVJ anomalies/instability. Nevertheless, greater number of patients intubated with VL may have an advantage of increased cervical spinal canal diameter when compared to FOB.
The role of novel poly (ADP-ribose) inhibitors in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic Her-2/neu negative breast cancer with inherited germline BRCA1/2 mutations. A review of the literature

The use of the PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in the treatment of breast cancer (BC) with germine mutations has evolved over the years, and further research has been done in order to broaden the horizon of this treatment strategy. Therefore the aim of this paper is to review the efficiency of PARPi in the treatment of BRCA 1/2-mutated locally advanced and metastatic Her-2/net negative BC mentioning their side effects, mechanism of resistance and future directions. Inhibition of PARP transforms single-strand breaks into double-strand breaks (DBS), the accumulation of the latter causing cell death (cell apoptosis). The Olympia AD phase III trial demonstrated a statistically significant progression-free survival rate (PFS) when using the PARPi olaparib in metastatic BC with germline BRCA1/2 mutations without any benefit of the overall survival rate. PARPi therapy is associated with acceptable responsive rates and progression-free survival rates in locally advanced and metastatic BRCA1/2 associated BC through mechanisms that enhance and increase the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic or target agents as they induce a synthetic lethality and cell apoptosis. The side effects are not significant, the most adverse effects being related to the hematological and gastrointestinal systems. Olaparib is currently approved in the first-line treatment of BRCA1/2 mutated Her-2/neu negative metastatic BC at an oral dose of 300 mg twice daily, while Talazoparib represents a category one recommendation in locally advanced and metastatic Her-2/neu negative BC in women with central nervous system metastases.
Venous sinus stenting for intractable pulsatile tinnitus: A review of indications and outcomes

Background: Pulsatile tinnitus presents as a unique variation of tinnitus in which a conscious perception of the heartbeat is localized to the ears in either unilateral or bilateral fashion. The sensation is typically caused by an increase in turbulent blood flow in the affected ear, in most cases, due to a structural abnormality of the venous sinuses – the most common of which being stenosis. Herein, we discuss the etiology of pulsatile tinnitus followed by indications for treatment of various pathologies which have been successfully treated with venous sinus stenting and have led to resolution of auditory symptoms. Methods: The authors queried PubMed database using combinations of the keywords “venous sinus stenting,” “endovascular treatment,” and “pulsatile tinnitus” to identify relevant studies published in English after 2001 and before December 1, 2020 and verified selected. Results: Our results corroborate those published in prior reviews reporting a high rate of pulsatile tinnitus resolution with venous sinus stenting. Conclusion: The success of venous sinus stenting is clinically relevant as an effective treatment option for patients suffering from pulsatile tinnitus. Future applications and studies are needed and are currently being developed to further demonstrate the effectiveness of stents in the treatment of pulsatile tinnitus.
Relationship between job rotation and work-related low back pain: a cross-sectional study using data from the fifth Korean working conditions survey

Background Job rotation was introduced in various industries as a strategic form of work for improving workers' job skills and health management. This study aims to examine the relationship between job rotation and work-related low back pain (LBP), one of the typical work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean workers. Methods We conducted this study using the data of the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). As the subject of this study, 27,163 wage workers were selected, and classified into three groups according to occupational type (white-collar, service and sales, and blue-collar). In this study, job rotation means to change the work-related activities with other colleagues periodically and work-related LBP was defined as whether there was work-related LBP in the last 12 months. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between job rotation and work-related LBP. Results Out of 27,163 workers, 2,421 (8.9%) answered that they had job rotation and 2,281 (8.4%) answered that they experienced work-related LBP. According to the results from logistic regression, job rotation was significantly associated with low prevalence of work-related LBP among blue-collar workers (odds ratio [OR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.88), whereas no significant relationship was observed among white-collar, service and sales groups. In addition, the negative association between job rotation and work-related LBP among blue-collar workers was more pronounced when exposed to ergonomic risk factors (uncomfortable posture OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.98; heavy work OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96; repetitive work OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.92). Conclusions Job rotation was associated with low prevalence of work-related LBP among workers in the blue-collar occupational group in Korea. It is necessary to evaluate the effect of job rotation by occupational type and introduce an appropriate method of job rotation to reduce workers' work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.
Association of phthalates and early menarche in Korean adolescent girls from Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015–2017

Background Phthalates are one of renowned endocrine-disrupting chemicals, although inconsistent results are present around their effect on onset of menarche. Our hypothesis is that pre-pubertal exposure to phthalates is associated with acceleration of menarche. Methods We analyzed a total of 236 middle school (7th to 9th grade) girls from Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015–2017. We used multiple linear regression to investigate impact of eight phthalate metabolites on age of menarche. We also conducted logistic regression to evaluate association between phthalate metabolite concentrations and early onset of menarche, adjusting for grade, maternal age of menarche and body mass index (BMI). Results In linear regression analysis, no significant association was found for any phthalate metabolites. In logistic regression analysis, however, odds ratios (ORs) of early menarche were significantly increased for mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and for sum of all phthalates. When compared to group with the lowest level, high concentration group for MnBP presented significantly increased odds of early menarche (OR: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 4.23) after adjusting for grade, maternal age of menarche and BMI. Furthermore, high concentrations of sum of all phthalates were associated with significant increase of OR of early menarche (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.49) after adjustment, compared to the lowest concentration group. Conclusions Results of our study suggest that exposure to phthalates around puberty may be associated with increased risk of early menarche.
Effect of hydrodynamics on kinetics of gluconic acid enzymatic production in bubble column reactor

Oxidation of glucose by homogeneous glucose oxidase was performed in rectangular bubble column reactor at 40°C, ambient pressure and pH of 5.5 while superficial gas (oxygen) velocity was varied in the homogeneous and transition regime in the range of 0.0014 - 0.0112 m s-1. Effect of superficial gas (oxygen) velocity on the apparent reaction rate and its parameters was determined and it was observed that the apparent reaction rate on the basis of volume of the liquid increased with increasing the superficial gas (oxygen) velocity. The apparent reaction rate was assumed to be in the form of Michaelis-Menten equation and its apparent kinetic parameters were evaluated by the nonlinear regression method.
Inhibition of phenanthrene mineralization by nonionic surfactants in soil-water systems

The biodegradation of [ 14 C]phenanthrene by a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degrading inoculum was studied in water and in soil-water systems with nonionic surfactants. The purpose of surfactant addition was to assess the effect on biodegradation of liquid-phase PAH solubility enhancement via surfactant micellization. The nonionic surfactants were selected on the basis of their demonstrated PAH-solubilizing capacities in soil-water systems, viz., an alkylethoxylate, C 12 E 4 , and alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants, C 8 PE 9.5 and C 9 PE 10.5