Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NERVE IMPULSE

Your own private army You have, inside of you, a vast army with advanced weaponry on a constant search and destroy operation to find, repel and eat any invader. Eat? Well that s how your immune system kills bacteria, viri, all kinds of germs even cancer cells. Your immune system is part of your marvelous healing ability that is designed to keep you perfectly healthy for well over 100 years. Your healing ability is able to cure even incurable diseases, everything from the common cold to cancer. Working under the direction of your inner healer, your body s wisdom, your immune system patrols your every nook and cranny, searching to keep your body safe and secure. Your immune system needs good weapons and for that reason you have your own private drugstore.
Biochemical Screening of persea macrantha (NEES) Leaf extracts for its Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties

: Plants are prosperous source of antioxidants. In the current investigation aqueous and methanolic extracts of persea macrantha were tested for total phenolics, radical scavenging activity, reducing power, inhibition of lipid per oxidation, DNA protection and cytoprotective effects. The aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited 5.57mg and 8.80mg of total phenols/g of leaf. In addition to this 60% and 72% of free radical scavenging activity were seen /100µl of the extracts. Methanolic extracts exhibited extra reducing power activity as well as DNA fortification property when compared to aqueous extract. In RBC cytoprotection studies aqueous and methanolic extract showed IC 50 value of 1.57 and 1.05 mg of phenols/ml. In case of lipid peroxidation inhibition, methanolic extract exhibited IC 50 value 8.88 µg of phenol/ml and aqueous extract exhibited 17.89 IC 50 value.
The Role of Stakeholders in the Implementation of CSR Program by Pertamina Subang

This article is the result of research on the role of stakeholders in the implementation of CSR in Indonesia. Every year oil and gas companies have implemented CSR programs with a large amount of funds. Poverty is still a common problem that occurs in almost all areas of oil and gas operations in Indonesia.CSR programs by oil and gas companies basically seek to empower communities and reduce poverty. However, the community still has not felt the significant impact of CSR implementation. The successful implementation of CSR can be achieved through CSR programs involving all stakeholders. Three mains stakeholderon CSR implementations are the government, PT. Pertamina, and the local community. PT. Pertamina Field Subang through the Greenhouse program seeks to improve the welfare of the community by involving all components of society. However, the local government considers that the company is not fully involved in CSR implementation, while the company feels that the interest to coordinate with the government is limited to licensing issues. This resulted in the implementation of CSR running partially and not integrated with the development plan undertaken by the government. Similarly, the relationship between the company and local institutions that exist, there is a negative stereotype of local institutions to the company that looks very stingy and exclusive company. The role of local communities as stakeholders began to be able to participate and become independent program implementers but this program has not been able to achieve its objectives as expected.
Overfishing drives a trophic cascade in the Black Sea

During recent decades, environmental conditions have deteriorated in the Black Sea. Population explosions of phytoplankton and jellyfish have become frequent and several fish stocks have collapsed. In this study, literature sources and long-term data are explored in order to find empirical evidence for ecosystem effects of fishing. Inverse trends of decreasing predators, increas- ing planktivorous fish, decreasing zooplankton and increasing phytoplankton biomass are revealed. Increased phytoplankton biomass provoked decreasing transparency and nutrient content in surface water. A massive development of jellyfish during the 1970s and 1980s had a great impact on con- sumption and consequent decrease in zooplankton. The turning point for these changes occurred in the early 1970s, when industrial fishing started and stocks of pelagic predators (bonito, mackerel, bluefish, dolphins) became severely depleted. A 'trophic cascade' is invoked as a mechanism to explain observed changes. According to this hypothesis, reduction in apex predators decreases con- sumer control and leads to higher abundance of planktivorous fish. The increased consumption by planktivorous fish causes a consequent decline in zooplankton biomass, which reduces grazing pres- sure on phytoplankton and allows its standing crop to increase. The effects of fishing and eutrophi- cation are explored using a dynamic mass-balance model. A balanced model is built using 15 eco- logical groups including bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, protozoa, ctenophores, medusae, chaetognaths, fishes and dolphins. Ecosystem dynamics are simulated over 30 yr, assuming alterna- tive scenarios of increasing fishing pressure and eutrophication. The changes in simulated biomass are similar in direction and magnitude to observed data from long-term monitoring. The cascade pat- tern is explained by the removal of predators and its effect on trophic interactions, while the inclusion of eutrophication effects leads to biomass increase in all groups. The present study demonstrates that the combination of uncontrolled fisheries and eutrophication can cause important alterations in the structure and dynamics of a large marine ecosystem. These findings may provide insights for eco- system management, suggesting that conserving and restoring natural stocks of fish and marine mammals can contribute greatly to sustaining viable marine ecosystems.
Detection by ELISA of Predators of Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in a Portuguese Olive Orchard

Over 900 predators were collected during two years from a Portuguese organic olive orchard, and tested in a serological bioassay for Prays oleae predation. The highest number of predators tested positive during the phyllophagous and antophagous generations of P. oleae. Ants were the most commonly found predators, followed by Coleoptera, Hemiptera and spiders.
Modeling global macroclimatic constraints on ectotherm energy budgets

We describe a mechanistic individual-based model of how global macroclimatic constraints affect the energy budgets of ectothermic animals. The model uses macroclimatic and biophysical characters of the habitat and organism and tenets of heat transfer theory to calculate hourly temperature availabilities over a year. Data on the temperature dependence of activity rate, metabolism, food consumption and food processing capacity are used to estimate the net rate of resource assimilation which is then integrated over time. We detail and explore the significance of assumptions used in these calculations. We present a new test of this model in which we show that the predicted energy budget sizes for 11 populations of the lizard Sceloporus undulalus are in close agreement with observed results from previous field studies. This demonstrates that model tests are feasible and the results are reasonable. Further, since the model represents an upper bound to the size of the energy budget, observed residual deviations form explicit predictions about the effects of environmental constraints on the bioenergetics of the study lizards within each site that may be tested by future field and laboratory studies. Three major new improvements to our modeling are discussed. We present a means to estimate microclimate thermal heterogeneity more realistically and include its effects on field rates of individual activity and food consumption. Second, we describe an improved model of digestive function involving batch processing of consumed food. Third, we show how optimality methods (specifically the methods of stochastic dynamic programming) may be included to model the fitness consequences of energy allocation decisions subject to food consumption and processing constraints which are predicted from the microclimate and physiological modeling Individual-based models that incorporate macroclimatic constraints on individual resource acquisition, assimilation and allocation can provide insights into theoretical investigations about the evolution of life histories in variable environments as well as provide explicit predictions about individual, population and community level responses to global climate change.
Conformation of star polymers in high-molecular-weight solvents

The static behavior of a star-shaped polymer (f arms; N monomers per arm) dissolved in a melt of linear chains (with degree of polymerization P af 1/2 P 1/4 . Concentration effects are briefly discussed. Some of the properties of polymer chains tethered by one end to a flat solid surface are reviewed and discussed
impact of spirulina on exercise induced oxidative stress and post exercise recovery heart rate of athletes in comparison to a commercial antioxidant

Spirulina, blue green algae is known for its potential health benefits and ergogenic effects. However, benefits on post exercise recovery heart rate are not fully established. In this background, the aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of spirulina on exercise induced oxidative stress and post exercise recovery heart rate of athletes in comparison to a Commercial Antioxidant Supplement (CAS). Ninety male athletes were divided into (n = 45) two groups: (1) Aerobic Exercise Group (AEG) and (2) Mixed Exercise Group (MEG). The exercise groups were further randomly divided into (i) Control Group (CG), (ii) Experimental Group I (EGI), and (iii) Experimental Group II (EGII) with 15 subjects in each group in a double-blind fashion. The CG did not receive any supplement. Spirulina (3g/day) for EGI and CAS (1 capsule/day) for EGII were administered for 60 days. During supplementation, the control and experimental groups performed the same volume of training and dietary intake. Anthropometric measurements and dietary intake were assessed. A blood test was done to determine the preand post-levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was done pre-and post-supplementation to assess the physiological transients. Supplementation of spirulina and CAS both showed significantly improved recovery heart rate (EGI MEG Before: 125±1.46; After 120±1.03, p<0.01; EGI AEG Before: 117±3.40; After: 115±2.79 p<0.01; EGII MEG Before: 127±2.17; After 123±2.01, p<0.01; EGII AEG Before: 121±3.33; After: 113±2.06, p<0.01) and reduced peak lactate (EGI MEG Before: 11.8±0.56; After 10.9±0.56, p<0.01; EGI AEG Before: 14.7±0.89; After: 12.6±0.64 p<0.01; EGII MEG Before: 11.4±0.45; After 10.1±0.37, p<0.01; EGII AEG Before: 14.1±0.85; After: 12.5±0.66, p<0.01) and malondialdehyde (EGI MEG Before: 1.57±0.08; After 1.16±0.02, p<0.05; EGI AEG Before: 2.3±0.11; After: 1.37±0.07 p<0.05; EGII MEG Before: 1.54±0.05; After 1.14±0.02, p<0.05; EGII AEG Before: 2.34±0.11; After: 1.34±0.06, p<0.05) in both the exercise groups and didn’t show any significant difference between EGI and EGII. Short term supplementation of spirulina and CAS will improve recovery; attenuates the protection against exercise induced oxidative stress. DOI: 10.29011/2575-7091. 100039 Citation: Kalpana K, Kusuma DL, Rishi Lal P, Lal Khanna G (2017) Impact of Spirulina on Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress and Post Exercise Recovery Heart Rate of Athletes in Comparison to a Commercial Antioxidant. Food Nutr J 2: 139. DOI: 10.29011/2575-7091.100039 2 Volume 2; Issue 04
Hygroscopic behavior of atmospherically relevant water-soluble carboxylic salts and their influen

Abstract. The hygroscopic behavior of atmospherically relevant water-soluble carboxylic salts and their effects on ammonium sulfate were investigated using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA). No hygroscopic growth is observed for disodium oxalate, while ammonium oxalate shows slight growth (growth factor = 1.05 at 90%). The growth factors at 90% RH for sodium acetate, disodium malonate, disodium succinate, disodium tartrate, diammonium tartrate, sodium pyruvate, disodium maleate, and humic acid sodium salt are 1.79, 1.78, 1.69, 1.54, 1.29, 1.70, 1.78, and 1.19, respectively. The hygroscopic growth of mixtures of organic salts with ammonium sulfate, which are prepared as surrogates of atmospheric aerosols, was determined. A clear shift in deliquescence relative humidity to lower RH with increasing organic mass fraction was observed for these mixtures. Above 80% RH, the contribution to water uptake by the organic salts was close to that of ammonium sulfate for the majority of investigated compounds. The observed hygroscopic growth of the mixed particles at RH above the deliquescence relative humidity of ammonium sulfate agreed well with that predicted using the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule. Mixtures of ammonium sulfate with organic salts are more hygroscopic than mixtures with organic acids, indicating that neutralization by gas-phase ammonia and/or association with cations of dicarbonxylic acids may enhance the hygroscopicity of the atmospheric particles.
On Morbidity and Mortality in Norovirus Infection

Norovirus causes epidemic gastroenteritis. The extent of excess mortality related to norovirus infections is not established and factors that influence the duration of viral shedding have not been determined. The aims of this thesis were (i) to describe the mortality among hospitalised patients with norovirus enteritis (NVE), (ii) to identify factors that indicate an increased mortality risk and a prolonged duration of viral shedding, and (iii) to examine if rectal swab samples can be used for the diagnosis of norovirus infection. In paper I, we retrospectively studied 598 adult hospitalised patients with gastroenteritis and a stool sample positive for norovirus. For ages >80 years, 30-day mortality was higher among patients with community-onset NVE, compared to patients with hospital-onset NVE and to matched controls. In paper II, 82 patients with community-onset NVE were included. The adjusted odds ratio for death within 30 days was 2.5 for one mmol/L increase in the venous lactate measured on arrival to the emergency department. Paper III presents a prospective study of 28 patients admitted with NVE. Rectal swab samples were obtained weekly during follow-up. Slow clearance of norovirus was associated with low serum levels of the chemokine CCL5 and high viral load. In paper IV, PCR was performed on paired rectal swab and stool samples, obtained simultaneously from 69 patients with suspected viral gastroenteritis. In 38 sample pairs virus was detected in both samples. One pair was stool+/swab− and one pair was stool−/swab+. In conclusion, norovirus infection may be associated with increased shortterm mortality. Venous lactate can be used to identify patients with high mortality risk and a low level of CCL5 is associated with a long duration of viral shedding. Rectal swab samples can be used to diagnose norovirus infections.
4-People Who Experience Long-Term Homelessness : Characteristics and Interventions

Carol Caton, Carol Wilkins, and Jacquelyn Anderson document the considerable efforts of the past decade to address the needs of people who are considered “chronically homeless; that is, unaccompanied adults with disabling conditions who experience long or numerous spells of homelessness. The authors detail the prevalence, characteristics, and service needs of adults who are chronically homeless and present a synthesis of recent research on service and housing interventions. Finally, they discuss the implications of the findings for services and for future research. The authors note that rigorous research on many interventions is lacking, but promising practices from the field may help guide the development of housing and services.
Critical review of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected oil seeds

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, as a relatively new separation technique, can be used as a very efficient process in the production of essential oils and oleoresins from many of plant materials. The extracts from these materials are a good basis for the new pharmaceutical products and ingredients in the functional foods. This paper deals with supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of selected oil seeds which are of little interest in classical extraction in the food industry. In this article the process parameters in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, such as pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate, diameter of gound materials, and moisture of oil seed were presented for the following seeds: almond fruits, borage seed, corn germ, grape seed, evening primrose, hazelnut, linseed, pumpkin seed, walnut, and wheat germ. The values of investigated parameters in supercritical extraction were: pressure from 100 to 600 bar, temperature from 10 to 70 o C, diameter of grinding material from 0.16 to 2.0 mm, solvent flow used from 0.06 to 30.0 kg/h, amount of oil in the feed from 10.0 to 74.0%, and moisture of oil seed from 1.1 to 7.5%. The yield and quality of the extracts of all the oil seeds as well as the possibility of their application in the pharmaceutical and food, industries were analyzed.
Integrating Local and Non-local Denoiser Priors for Image Restoration

Image local structural prior and non-local self-similarity (NSS) prior are two categories of priors which have been commonly used for solving the ill-posed image restoration problem. As they exploit different properties of the natural images, it is interesting to investigate whether the two categories of priors can be combined to achieve better restoration performance. Inspired by recently proposed Regularization by denoising [1] idea, we propose LNIR which incorporates a Local CNN denoiser prior and a NSS-based denoiser prior implicitly for Image Restoration. Our experimental results on the image deblurring and super-resolution tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed LNIR algorithm can not only flexibly adapt to different restoration tasks, but also delivers state-of-the-art restoration results.
Thermal design of a disk‐array system

Abstract A procedure for solving the thermal problems of a fan‐cooled disk‐array system is developed for industrial application. The procedure requires both the measurements of the temperatures of key components at various air flow rates across a single hard‐disk and the computational simulations of isothermal flows for a preliminarily designed mechanical configuration of a system by employing a commercial CFD software package. The flow rate and pressure drop of the air stream across a single‐disk are measured with an AMCA 210 flow bench. The temperatures of the components are detected by the fine‐wire thermocouples. The methodology of the development of the disk array and the like is illustrated by an example. The results show that the single‐disk experiment can provide the designer a quick guide to determine the air flow rate for desired operation temperatures of key components. The calculated flow rate and pressure drop can be used to match selected fans to the system. The prediction correlates well with the experimental values. The calculated flow patterns can be used to improve the preliminary design of the system mechanical configuration.
PLANT DEFENSE BELOWGROUND AND SPATIOTEMPORAL PROCESSES IN NATURAL VEGETATION

Root herbivores and pathogens play an important role in driving plant abundance, species diversity, and succession in natural vegetation. Subterranean plant feeders and pathogenic microorganisms interfere with basic functions of plant roots, such as resource uptake, storage of reserves, and anchoring of plants in the soil, but concepts and theories on control of herbivores and pathogens, such as the Green World Hypothesis, have been developed and applied almost exclusively for the aboveground subsystem. Root herbivores and pathogens affect spatial and temporal patterns in natural plant communities, and whether these patterns are cyclic or irreversible depends on characteristics of the root feeders, interactions with other soil or aboveground organisms, and the rate of changes in the abiotic environment. Established plants can tolerate root herbivores and pathogens at densities that are lethal to their offspring. Dispersal by seeds or rhizomes allows new cohorts to become established before root herbivores or root pathogens colonize and develop, but it provides only temporal release of plants from their natural enemies. Permanent release from root herbivores and pathogens contributes to plant invasiveness. I propose to expand the concept of plant–soil feedback by including plant defense belowground. Many plant secondary compounds are synthesized in the roots, and these chemicals could affect root herbivores, root pathogens, and their natural enemies. Plants may exert direct and indirect defense, resistance, tolerance, or dispersal to move away from the herbivores and pathogens belowground, and I propose that acknowledging trade-offs and life history strategies will enhance our capacity to predict spatiotemporal patterns in natural vegetation. Further studies in this area will enhance our understanding of plant abundance, succession, and invasions in natural communities, as well as the evolution of plant dispersal and other defensive strategies against root herbivores and pathogens in natural communities [KEYWORDS: direct and indirect defense; dispersal; diversity; enemy release; invasiveness; multitrophic; nematode; plant community; resistance; root pathogen; subterranean herbivore; succession]
Epithelial sodium channel in airway epithelium of the newborn infant : Implications for postnatal pulmonary adaptation

ABSTRACT The aim of the present thesis was to study the role of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in clearance of fetal lung ﬂuid in the newborn infant by measurement of airway epithelial expression of ENaC, of nasal transepithelial potential difference (N-PD), and of lung compliance (LC). In addition, the effect of postnatal dexamethasone on airway epithelial ENaC expression was measured in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The patient population was formed of selected term newborn infants born in the Department of Obstetrics (Studies II-IV) and selected preterm newborn infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Hospital for Children and Adolescents (Studies I and IV) of the Helsinki University Central Hospital in Finland. A small population of preterm infants suffering from BPD was included in Study I. Studies I, III, and IV included airway epithelial measurement of ENaC and in Studies II and III, measurement of N-PD and LC. In Study I, ENaC expression analyses were performed in the Research Institute of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In the following studies, analyses were performed in the Scientiﬁc Laboratory of the Hospital for Children and Adolescents. N-PD and LC measurements were performed at bedside in these hospitals. In term newborn infants, the percentage of amiloride-sensitive N-PD, a surrogate for ENaC activity, measured during the ﬁrst 4 postnatal hours correlates positively with LC