Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calculation of the neutrinoless double-
β
 decay matrix element within the realistic shell model

We approach the calculation of the nuclear matrix element of the neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay process, considering the light-neutrino-exchange channel, by way of the realistic shell model. To this end, we start from a realistic nucleon-nucleon potential and then derive the effective shell-model Hamiltonian and $0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay operator within the many-body perturbation theory. We focus on investigating the perturbative properties of the effective shell-model operator of such a decay process, aiming to establish the degree of reliability of our predictions. The contributions of the so-called short-range correlations and of the correction of Pauli-principle violations to the effective shell-model operator, the latter introduced in many-valence nucleon systems, are also taken into account. The subjects of our study are a few candidates to the $0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay detection, in a mass interval ranging from $A=48$ up to $A=136$, whose spin- and spin-isospin-dependent decay properties we have studied in previous works. Our results provide evidence that the effect of the renormalization of the $0\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\beta}$-beta decay operator on the values of the nuclear matrix elements is less relevant than what we have obtained in previous studies of the effective single-body Gamow-Teller transitions operating also in the two-neutrino double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay
A Loss-Function for Causal Machine-Learning

Causal machine-learning is about predicting the net-effect (true-lift) of treatments. Given the data of a treatment group and a control group, it is similar to a standard supervised-learning problem. Unfortunately, there is no similarly well-defined loss function due to the lack of point-wise true values in the data. Many advances in modern machine-learning are not directly applicable due to the absence of such loss function. We propose a novel method to define a loss function in this context, which is equal to mean-square-error (MSE) in a standard regression problem. Our loss function is universally applicable, thus providing a general standard to evaluate the quality of any model/strategy that predicts the true-lift. We demonstrate that despite its novel definition, one can still perform gradient descent directly on this loss function to find the best fit. This leads to a new way to train any parameter-based model, such as deep neural networks, to solve causal machine-learning problems without going through the meta-learner strategy.
Induced subgraphs of product graphs and a generalization of Huang's theorem

Recently, Huang showed that every ( 2 n − 1 + 1 ) ‐vertex induced subgraph of the n ‐dimensional hypercube has maximum degree at least n . In this paper, we discuss the induced subgraphs of Cartesian product graphs and semistrong product graphs to generalize Huang's result. Let Γ 1 be a connected signed bipartite graph of order n and Γ 2 be a connected signed graph of order m . By defining two kinds of signed product of Γ 1 and Γ 2 , denoted by Γ 1 □ ˜ Γ 2 and Γ 1 ⋈ ˜ Γ 2 , we show that if Γ 1 and Γ 2 have exactly two distinct adjacency eigenvalues ± θ 1 and ± θ 2 , respectively, then every ( 1 2 m n + 1 ) ‐vertex induced subgraph of Γ 1 □ ˜ Γ 2 (resp., Γ 1 ⋈ ˜ Γ 2 ) has maximum degree at least θ 1 2 + θ 2 2 (resp., ( θ 1 2 + 1 ) θ 2 2 ). Moreover, we discuss the eigenvalues of Γ 1 □ ˜ Γ 2 and Γ 1 ⋈ ˜ Γ 2 and obtain a sufficient and necessary condition such that the spectrum of Γ 1 □ ˜ Γ 2 and Γ 1 ⋈ ˜ Γ 2 is symmetric with respect to 0, from which we obtain more general results on maximum degree of the induced subgraphs.
Question Type Classification Methods Comparison

The paper presents a comparative study of state-of-the-art approaches for question classification task: Logistic Regression, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Quasi-Recurrent Neural Networks (QRNN). All models use pre-trained GLoVe word embeddings and trained on human-labeled data. The best accuracy is achieved using CNN model with five convolutional layers and various kernel sizes stacked in parallel, followed by one fully connected layer. The model reached 90.7% accuracy on TREC 10 test set. All the model architectures in this paper were developed from scratch on PyTorch, in few cases based on reliable open-source implementation.
Electroweak production of heavy quarks in e + e − annihilation

We study the production of heavy quarks in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation via $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $Z$ exchange. The gluon radiative corrections to the total cross section and to the angular distributions of the quark jets are calculated. If heavy quarks with masses around 20 GeV or above exist, the mass corrections as well as the radiative gluon corrections are important even for ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ energies in the $Z$ resonance region.
A Note on Antireflective Boundary Conditions and Fast Deblurring Models

In a recent work Ng, Chan, and Tang introduced reflecting (Neumann) boundary conditions (BCs) for blurring models and proved that the resulting choice leads to fast algorithms for both deblurring and detecting the regularization parameters in the presence of noise. The key point is that Neumann BC matrices can be simultaneously diagonalized by the (fast) cosine transform DCT III. Here we propose antireflective BCs that can be related to $\tau$ structures, i.e., to the algebra of the matrices that can be simultaneously diagonalized by the (fast) sine transform DST I. We show that, in the generic case, this is a more natural modeling whose features are (a) a reduced analytical error since the zero (Dirichlet) BCs lead to discontinuity at the boundaries, the reflecting (Neumann) BCs lead to C0 continuity at the boundaries, while our proposal leads to C1 continuity at the boundaries; (b) fast numerical algorithms in real arithmetic for both deblurring and estimating regularization parameters. Finally, simple yet significant 1D and 2D numerical evidence is presented and discussed.
Component behavior near the critical point of the random graph process

We study the behavior of a random graph process (G(n, M))02 n for M(n) = n/2 + s and ∣s∣3n−;2 → ∞. Among others we find the number of components in G(n, M) and estimate the number of vertices and edges in the kth largest component of G(n, M), for any natural number k, Moreover, it is shown that, with probability 1 –o(1), when M(n) = n/2 + s, s3n−2 →−∞, then during a random graph process in some step M1 > M a “new” largest component will emerge, whereas when s3n−2→∞, the largest component of G(n, M) remains largest until the very end of the process. © 1990 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respuesta bioquímica de plántulas de maíz (Zea mays L.) a diferentes condiciones de temperaturas nocturnas

El maiz en Colombia es cultivado en diferentes pisos termicos, permitiendo la siembra de un mismo material en un rango amplio de temperaturas. En regiones de clima calido (≤1.000 mnsm) y clima frio (≥2.000 msnm) pueden existir danos al cultivo por altas o bajas temperaturas nocturnas en ciertos periodos del ano. Para medir los efectos fisiologicos del estres por temperaturas altas y bajas en maiz variedad Porva fue desarrollado un experimento durante el primer semestre del ano 2013 con temperaturas bajas de 5°C y altas de 25°C durante 36 horas nocturnas y consecutivas acumuladas en la etapa V3 de las plantas. En hojas de maiz se midieron variables de: i) perdida de electrolitos, ii) fluorescencia de la clorofila a (Fv/Fm), iii) prolina y iv) malondialdehido (MDA), inmediatamente se termino el estres por calor o frio en las plantulas de maiz. Los resultados mostraron que las plantas de maiz en la etapa V3 (tres hojas) son mas afectadas por el frio que el calor en terminos de integridad de las membranas celulares de las hojas. Tambien, se encontro un aumento de la prolina en las hojas en condiciones de calor (+57,6%) o frio (+4,3%) y una estabilidad en la produccion de MDA y la fluorescencia de la clorofila a en las hojas, a pesar del estres por frio o calor. Estos resultados indican que en las zonas frias de Colombia durante las epocas de heladas, las membranas celulares son el primer componente estructural afectado en las hojas del maiz. Este trabajo es una guia para encontrar practicas agronomicas en el cultivo de maiz, que limiten la peroxidacion de membranas celulares de plantas durante condiciones ambientales de temperaturas bajas.
The appearance of magnetospheric instability in flaring activity at the onset of X-ray outbursts in A0535+26

We argue that X-ray flaring variability observed in the transient X-ray pulsar A0535+26 is due to low-mode magnetospheric instability. This instability develops at the onset of accretion, in the thin boundary layer between the accretion disk and neutron star magnetosphere. As a result, the matter collected in the boundary layer can rapidly fall onto the NS surface close to the magnetic poles, but not exactly along the field lines by which the stationary accretion proceeds. This explains the shift in cyclotron line energy measured using RXTE data in a pre-outburst spike, with respect to the line energy observed during the main outburst. Furthermore, the instability can account for the difference in pulse profiles, and their energy evolution that is different in the pre-outburst flare and main outburst.
The characterization of functions arising as potentials. II

1. Statement of result. We continue our study of the function spaces Z£, begun in [7]. We recall that f^Ll(En) when f=Ka*<l>, where <££! / (£„) . Ka is the Bessel kernel, characterized by its Fourier transform Ka(x) * (1 +1 x \ )~ a / . I t should also be recalled that the space L? , \<p < <*>, with k a positive integer, coincides with the space of functions which together with their derivatives up to and including order k belong to IS; (see [2]). I t will be convenient to give the functions in La their strict definition. Thus we redefine them to have the value (Ka * cj>)(x) a t every point where this convolution converges absolutely. With this done, and if a—(n — m)/p>0, then the restriction of an fC£L%(En) to a fixed m-dimensional linear variety in En is well-defined (that is, it exists almost everywhere with respect to m-dimensional Euclidean measure). The problem that arises is of characterizing such restrictions. The problem was previously solved in the following cases: (i) When p is arbitrary, but a = 1, in Gagliardo [3]. (ii) When p — 2> and a is otherwise arbitrary in Aronszajn and Smith [ l ] . In each case the solution may be expressed in terms of another function space, Wu, which consists of those ƒ £ ! / ( £ „ ) for which the norm
Tumors of the Lymph Nodes and Spleen. Atlas of Tumor Pathology

New updated! The latest book from a very famous author finally comes out. Book of tumors of the lymph nodes and spleen atlas of tumor pathology 3rd series vol 14, as an amazing reference becomes what you need to get. What's for is this book? Are you still thinking for what the book is? Well, this is what you probably will get. You should have made proper choices for your better life. Book, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.
Coupled piano strings

The admittance of the piano bridge has a crucial effect on piano tone by coupling together the strings belonging to one note into a single dynamical system. In this paper, we first develop theoretical expressions that show how the rate of energy transmission to the bridge as a function of time (including the phenomena of beats and ’’aftersound’’) depends on bridge admittance, hammr irregularities, and the exact state in which the piano is tuned. We then present experimental data showing the effects of mutual string coupling on beats and aftersound, as well as the great importance of the two polarizations of the string motion. The function of the una corda pedal in controlling the aftersound is explained, and the stylistic possibilities of a split damper are pointed out. The way in which an excellent tuner can use fine tuning of the unisons to make the aftersound more uniform is discussed.
Lack of Efficacy of an Immunomodulatory Macrolide in Childhood HIV Related Bronchiectasis: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection has resulted in a large number of children suffering from respiratory morbidity in South Africa. One of the outcomes of recurrent chest infections and TB is HIV-related bronchiectasis. Introduction: We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of low dose erythromycin in reducing the number of pulmonary exacerbations. Methods: We randomly assigned 31 HIV-infected children with radiologically confirmed bronchiectasis, to receive either erythromycin (17) or matching placebo (14) for a period of 52 weeks. The primary outcome was the number of exacerbations documented over the 52 weeks, in each study arm, after randomisation. Results: There was no difference in the number of exacerbations in the participants receiving erythromycin versus those receiving placebo (2.14 ± 1.29 vs. 2.18 ± 1.59 per year; p=0.17). There was an improvement (although not statistically significant) in both FEV1 % predicted and FVC % predicted (56.0% predicted ± 15.1 to 68.0% predicted ± 21.0 and 53.5% predicted ± 13.6 to 62.5% predicted ± 13.6; p=0.31) in the erythromycin and placebo arm, respectively. Erythromycin did not impact the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Administration of HAART and adjunctive care, which includes airway clearance and treatment of exacerbations, in children with HIV-related bronchiectasis is associated with improvement in pulmonary function tests and IL-8, with no additional benefit from the use of erythromycin.
Comportamiento del apiñamiento, gingivitis, higiene oral, caries, flujo salival y bacterias en escolares de 8 y 10 años Behavior of crowding, gingivitis, oral hygiene, caries, salivary flow rate and bacteria in 8-10-year-old schoolchildren

Objective: To analyze the association between crowding, gingival status, oral hygiene, caries, salivary fl ow rate, S. mutans and lactobacilli counts, in two groups of children with mixed dentition, based on the assumption that with increasing age, increase the risk factors associated with caries and gingival status. Material and methods: The following were recorded for 131 schoolchildren (49.6% boys and 50.4% girls) between the ages of 8 (47%) and 10 (53%) years-old: crowding index, gingival index, IHOS index and dental caries index; as were risk indicators: stimulated salivary fl ow, and S. mutans and lactobacilli counts in biofi lm and saliva. To establish differences
Compensación de Dispersión Cromática Usando Fibras de Cristal Fotónico con Distribución Hexagonal

In this paper we show various configurations of photonic crystal fiber with hexagonal holes distribution for compensation of chromatic dispersion in optical communications links. The vectorial finite element method with scattering boundary condition was used for the analysis of the fibers. From these results it was estimated variation of the dispersion and the dispersion slope with respect to change in the diameter of the holes in the microstructure. With the above was possible to obtain values of dispersion in the C and L bands of telecommunications close to -850 ps / nm * km, with confinement losses 10-3 dB / km
SAT0523 The Usefulness of Procalcitonin for Differentiating Acute Gout Arthritis from Infectious Disease

Background Acute gout arthritis is usually accompanied by tenderness, swelling, redness and fever. These features and laboratory findings including leukocytosis, elevation of serum ESR or CRP levels, are similar to those of infectious diseases. Moreover, normal to low serum uric acid levels have been noted in many cases of acute gout arthritis. For these reasons, the differential diagnosis of acute gout arthritis with infectious disease can be difficult. Objectives Procalcitonin, the precursor peptide of calcitonin, is known to be elevated in the patients with bacterial infection. We investigate whether or not serum procalcitonin levels are higher in patients with acute gout arthritis than in the others. We also evaluate the usefulness of procalcitonin for differentiating diagnosis between acute gout arthritis and bacterial infection. Methods The serum samples were obtained from 67 patients with acute gout arthritis and 90 age-matched patients with bacterial infection. Serum procalcitonin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay. Results The serum procalcitonin levels in patients with acute gouty arthritis were significantly lower than those in patients with bacterial infection (0.096±0.105 ng/mL vs 4.941±13.763 ng/mL, p =0.001). However, other inflammatory parameters, such as ESR, CRP and WBC, showed no significant differences between these two groups. Patients with acute gout arthritis had statistically higher serum uric acid levels than the patients with bacterial infection (7.62±2.03 mg/dL vs 5.19±2.36 mg/dL, p<0.001); however, 19.4% (13/67) among the acute gout arthritis group had lower uric acid level (below 6.0 mg/dL). To determine the discriminative ability of procalcitonin between acute gout arthritis and bacterial infection, we conducted ROC analysis about procalcitonin, uric acid, ESR, CRP and WBC. The area under the curve (AUC) of procalcitonin and uric acid were 0.852 (95% CI 0.793-0.911, p<0.001) and 0.808 (95% CI 0.738-878, p<0.001), respectively. There was no significance at ESR, CRP and WBC. With a cut off value of 0.095 ng/dL, the sum of sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin were the highest (80.0% and 80.6%, respectively). Conclusions Serum procalcitonin levels were significantly lower in patient with acute gout arthritis than in patients with bacterial infection. The serum procalcitonin level is expected to be a useful serologic marker for the differentiating acute gout arthritis from bacterial infection. References Simon L et al. Serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels as markers of bacterial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2004:39:206-17. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4127
QCD and Collider Physics by R. K. Ellis

Preface 1. Fundamentals of QCD 2. Asymptotic freedom and confinement 3. QCD in electron-positron annihilation 4. Deep inelastic scattering 5. Parton branching and jet simulation 6. Jet properties beyond fixed order 7. Hadroproduction of jets and photons 8. Electroweak interactions 9. The production of vector bosons 10. Heavy quarks 11. Higgs bosons at high energy colliders 12. Measurements of the strong coupling constant Index.
Simulations of magneto-convection in the solar photosphere Equations, methods, and results of the MURaM code

We have developed a 3D magnetohydrodynamics simulation code for applications in the solar convection zone and photosphere. The code includes a non-local and non-grey radiative transfer module and takes into account the effects of partial ionization. Its parallel design is based on domain decomposition, which makes it suited for use on parallel computers with distributed memory architecture. We give a description of the equations and numerical methods and present the results of the simulation of a solar plage region. Starting with a uniform vertical field of 200 G, the processes of flux expulsion and convective field amplification lead to a dichotomy of strong, mainly vertical fields embedded in the granular downflow network and weak, randomly oriented fields filling the hot granular upflows. The strong fields form a magnetic network with thin, sheet- like structures extending along downflow lanes and micropores with diameters of up to 1000 km which form occasionally at vertices where several downflow lanes merge. At the visible surface around optical depth unity, the strong field concentrations are in pressure balance with their weakly magnetized surroundings and reach field strengths of up to 2 kG, strongly exceeding the values corresponding to equipartition with the kinetic energy density of the convective motions. As a result of the channelling of radiation, small flux concentrations stand out as bright features, while the larger micropores appear dark in brightness maps owing to the suppression of the convective energy transport. The overall shape of the magnetic network changes slowly on a timescale much larger than the convective turnover time, while the magnetic flux is constantly redistributed within the network leading to continuous formation and dissolution of flux concentrations.
Distributed Filter with Consensus Strategies for Sensor Networks

Consensus algorithm for networked dynamic systems is an important research problem for data fusion in sensor networks. In this paper, the distributed filter with consensus strategies known as Kalman consensus filter and information consensus filter is investigated for state estimation of distributed sensor networks. Firstly, an in-depth comparison analysis between Kalman consensus filter and information consensus filter is given, and the result shows that the information consensus filter performs better than the Kalman consensus filter. Secondly, a novel optimization process to update the consensus weights is proposed based on the information consensus filter. Finally, some numerical simulations are given, and the experiment results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than the existing consensus filter strategies.
The global structure of galactic discs

A statistical study of global galaxy parameters can help to improve our understanding of galaxy formation processes. In this paper we present the analysis of global galaxy parameters based on optical and near-infrared observations of a large sample of edge-on disc galaxies. We found a correlation between the ratio of the radial to vertical scale parameter and galaxy type: galaxies become systematically thinner when going from type SO to type Sc, whereas the distribution seems to level off for later types. The observed scalelength ratios (and thus the radial colour gradients) largely represent the dust content of the galaxies. On average, the colour gradients indicated by the scalelength ratios increase from type Sa to at least type Sc. For galaxy types later than Sc, the average colour gradient seems to decrease again. The distribution of K-band (edge-on) disc central surface brightnesses is rather flat, although with a large scatter. However, the latest-type sample galaxies (T > 6) show an indication that their average disc central surface brightnesses may be fainter than those of the earlier types. This effect is probably not the result of dust extinction.
Spectral theory of linear differntial operators and comparison algebras

1. Abstract spectral theory in Hilbert spaces 2. Spectral theory of differential operators 3. Second order elliptic expressions on manifolds 4. Essential self-adjointness of the Minimal Operator 5. C -Comparison algebras 6. Minimal comparison algebra and wave front space 7. The secondary symbol space 8. Comparison algebras with non-compact commutators 9. Hs-Algebras: higher order operators within reach 10. Fredholm theory in comparison algebras
On colouring the nodes of a network

Let N be a network (or linear graph) such that at each node not more than n lines meet (where n > 2), and no line has both ends at the same node. Suppose also that no connected component of N is an n-simplex. Then it is possible to colour the nodes of N with n colours so that no two nodes of the same colour are joined.