Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research

Savings is presumed as ‘deferred consumption’, being income left over for future consumption on capital investments, precautionary and speculative motives. The decision to save is usually determined by both micro and macro economic factors. This study examined some macroeconomic determinants of savings for Nigeria using the Johansen cointegration and error correction methodology. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested. Data employed were collated from various sources such as the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins for the period,1991 to 2014. The unit root test was conducted for the series and the results showed that they were stationary at various levels. The estimated results revealed that inflation rate, financial deepening and deposit interest rate were not major determinants of savings during the study period. Only income was found to be a significant macroeconomic determinant of savings. Also, the coefficient of error correction mechanism (ECM) is negatively signed and significant at 0.05 per cent critical level. This showed that about 64 per cent disequilibria in Nigeria’s savings in the previous year are corrected for in the current year. Consequent upon this, the study recommends that government and policy makers in Nigeria should encourage increase in the productive base of the economy in order to promote real income growth and marginal propensity to save.
Beyond the Horizon: A Meticulous Analysis of Clinical Decision-Making Practices

Clinical advancements are one of the major out-comes of the technological phase shift of data sciences. The signif-icance of information technology in medical sciences by utilizing the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) has opened the spillways of exponentially improved predictive models. Utilizing the latest norms of classification algorithms on clinical data are widely incorporated for prognostic assessments. Medical experts have to make decisions that are crucial in nature and if the research can develop a mechanism that assists them in evolving solid reasoning, infer the knowledge and clearly express their clinical decision by justifying their assertions made, it will be a win-win situation. However, this field of science is still an unknown world for clinicians despite the fact that the enormous amount of medical data cannot be exploited to its maximum without invoking the technological support. The objective of this research is to introduce the clinicians and policymakers of the medical domain with the renowned computer-based methodolo-gies employed to construct a clinical decision support system. We expect that gaining the technical insight into the medical domain by the stakeholders will ensure commissioning the accurate and effective CDSS for improved healthcare delivery.
Novel approach for Cooperative Massive MIMO for 5G Mobile System

The next generation of wireless data networks, or 5G, must address not only future capacity constraints but also existing challenges such as network reliability, coverage, energy efficiency and latency with current communication systems. Massive MIMO offers significant gains in wireless data rates and link reliability. It allows for data consumption from more users in a dense area without consuming any more radio spectrum or causing interference. This result in fewer dropped calls, a significant decrease in dead zones, and better quality data transmission, without spreading thin the increasingly scarce radio spectrum. Cooperative massive MIMO can achieve a more uniform data rate among all users, improving the system performance for cell edge users. This paper considers a massive MIMO wireless cellular system with L cells denoted as 1,2, . , L respectively. Each cell consists of one base station with M antennas and K users equipped with only one antenna for reduced complexity. In this paper, we assume users use orthogonal pilot resources to acquire the Channel State Information [CSI]. In this paper, system level simulation performance of Noncooperative and cooperative massive MIMO systems for downlink performance is presented based upon current LTE systems considering different numbers of antennas deployed in the base station. It is shown that through cooperation among base stations, system performance of cell edge users can be significantly improved and better signal to noise ratio (SNR), low Bit Error Rate (BER) achieved in Cooperative massive MIMO than Noncooperative. The system simulations presented in this paper provide a view of the potential system performance that can be achieved by cooperative massive MIMO technologies in 5G systems.
Initial evaluation of patients with renal colic: Should all patients receive non-contrast computed tomography?

DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.20110 Received: 2020-01-10 Accepted: 2020-01-30 Published Online: 2020-02-02 Printed: 2020-04-01 Ann Clin Anal Med 2020;11(Suppl 1): S15-19 Corresponding Author: Ali Furkan Batur, Akademi Mahallesi, Celal Bayar Cd. No:313, Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Üroloji Anabilim Dalı Selçuklu/Konya, PK:42130 E-mail: alifurkanbatur@gmail.com GSM: +90 332 224 4995/ +90 505 816 1176 F: +90 332 224 4802 / +90 332 224 4803 Corresponding Author ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7945-7326 Abstract Aim: Although spiral computed tomography (SCT) is the gold standard and the most sensitive diagnostic method for ureterolithiasis, urinary system ultrasonography (USG) is more preferred because it is cheap, widespread, non-invasive, and radiation-free. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of renal colic in patients with ureteral stones and without hydronephrosis at first admission to the outpatient clinics and the data of stone related factors affecting it. Materials and Methods: The files of patients who admitted to the emergency and urology departments of our hospital with renal colic who had ureteral stones which were detected by SCT were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 346 patients with renal colic who admitted to our hospital were evaluated. No statistically significant relation was found between age and gender and the degree of hydronephrosis. The stone size was found to be statistically related to the degree of hydronephrosis, valid for both axial size and coronal craniocaudal lengths. There was a difference between stone localizations in terms of being hydronephrosis, and, in particular, it was found that less hydronephrosis occurs in distal ureter stones compared to other regions. Discussion: Some of the ureteral stones may cause renal colic without hydronephrosis, and the diagnosis of ureteral stone may be missed in patients if evaluated only by urinary system USG. Therefore, the evaluation of these patients with SCT should be recommended.
Optimization of Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Segmental Instability in the Lumbar Spine Using a Minimally Invasive Spinal Fusion Technique

Open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), which is used to treat segmental instability, is associated with a significant paravertebral muscle and ligament injury. A new rigid fusion technique was introduced to improve patients’ treatment outcomes. Objective. The objective of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of minimally invasive fusion technique and TLIF technique to improve treatment outcomes in patients with symptomatic degenerative lesions in the lumbar spine accompanied with moderate lumbar segmental instability. Material and Methods. The study involved 90 patients divided into 2 groups. Transforaminal interbody fusion using the pezo-T PEEK cage was performed in both groups after spinal canal reconstruction. In group 1 (n=45), conventional TLIF technique was performed by four-point transpedicular fixation using the CONMET system; in group 2 (n=45), the coflex-F rigid interspinous implant was used. Patients were followed up and treatment outcomes were assessed within approximately 24 months after surgery. Results. Intergroup comparison of pain intensity level on the visual analogue scale, the need for painkillers, and the quality of life according to the Oswestry Disability Index scale during the early postoperative period demonstrated significantly better outcomes in group 2 of patients due to a less severe operative trauma to the paravertebral soft tissues. Meanwhile, the formation of interbody bone block after 20—36 months was observed in 95% of patients in group 1 and in 94% of patients in group 2 (p>0.05). Postoperative complications occurred in 17.8% of patients in group 1 and in 2.2% of patients in group 2 (p<0.001). Conclusion. The use of rigid interspinous stabilization and transforaminal interbody fusion provides better clinical outcomes and fewer postoperative complications as compared to the TLIF technique in the case of similar X-ray pictures of the bone block formation in patients with moderate segmental instability of the lumbar spine, thus optimizing treatment outcomes in a given category of patients.
D4.2 Implementation of Interaction Devices and Modalities

PROJECT COORDINATOR Name: Ruth Aylett Address: School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Phone Number: +44 131 4514189 Fax Number: +44 131 451 327 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme (2010-2013) Dissemination Level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services)
Antecedents of Mobile Banking Usage among Students: A Pilot Study at Universities in Lebanon

Mobile banking use in Lebanon has marked the post war era of banking service evolution. Banking institutions are offering differing features and functionalities of mobile services. Millennials have taken up the lion’s share of mobile services addiction, however, clarity lacks on what factors could influence their use of mobile banking. The principal objective of this study is to test antecedents of preference for interaction, familiarity with technology and quality of service influence mobile banking usage among students in Lebanese Universities. Thus, this paper introduces a pilot study using a survey questionnaire at two universities to help answer this question. 87 informants completed the survey. For data analysis, this paper uses the SEM-PLS method then develops a set of findings that could guide a larger scale research on the topic. Theories of human computer interaction design and technology acceptance are used as grounding.
The effect of different Newcastle disease live vaccines and vaccination schedules on the immune response and performance of broiler chickens serologically positive to Mycoplasmas

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the Newcastle disease (ND) live vaccines from different commercial sources used in different programs for vaccination of chicks having maternal antibodies against Mycoplasma infection. The immune response was estimated using HI and challenge tests. The effect on the chicken performance was estimated by the detection of the body weight gain. The role of vaccines in stimulating respiratory bacterial stress was pointed out by the lesion scores. Birds vaccinated with live vaccines from source (2) showed higher HI titers than those vaccinated with vaccine from source (1) and birds received the 2 vaccination from heterologous source showed lower titers than those received from homologous source. Results of the challenge test indicated that birds vaccinated with live ND vaccines from one source and those vaccinated with Hitchner B1 at 33-days of age instead of La Sota showed 100% protection rate as compared with 95 % followed by vaccination with heterologous La Sota. Birds received Hitchner B1 of vaccine source (1) showed only 85% protection rate. All vaccinated chicken groups showed feed conversion rates lower than the non-vaccinated control one. Groups received Hitchner B1 as a 3 rd dose of the vaccine showed higher rates than those vaccinated with La Sota. Results of the lesion score for chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in vaccinated groups with different regimes revealed that birds received ND vaccinal strains from source (1) having higher scores than those received ND vaccines from the 2nd source. Administration of Hitchner B1 vaccine at 33-days of age showed lower scores. Hitchner B1 can be recommended in vaccination of chickens derived from Mycoplasma infected hens.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ADHOTODA VASICA NEES.

The development of new antimicrobial agents against resistant pathogens is of increasing interest. Therefore, the ethanolic extract from medicinal plant has been used traditionally as folk medicine over a period of time. The antimicrobial activity of Adhatoda vasica was assessed against some pathogen viz. Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by Agar disc diffusion method the antimicrobial activity was measured at different concentration of 100 μg, 200 μg, 300 μg, 400 μg, and 500 μg. The plant material was extracted by using Soxhlet extractor with ethanol solvent and ethanolic extract was screened phytochemically for the presence of secondary metabolites like alkoloids, phenolics, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins etc.
A THIRTEEN LEVEL INVERTER WITH REDUCED NUMBER OF SWITCHES FED FROM PV SYSTEM

This paper deals with the multilevel inverter with reduced switch count fed by renewable energy sources. The inverter circuit is designed with the help of T-type topology. The inverter is fed from a solar panel which generates a dc output. MPPT technique is employed to get the required output from solar panel. The output of solar panel is passed to a dc-dc converter and then to inverter. Thirteen level output voltage waveform is produced using eight switches in inverter. LC filter is used to avoid harmonics. Space vector pulse width modulation technique is used to generate pulses for the switches used in inverter. The transistors used will be MOSFET in case of low power applications and IGBT in case of high power applications. The proposed system has several advantages like less number of switches, lower switching frequency and reduced harmonics. The performance of the proposed system is simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment and its output waveform is verified. Keywords-Solar Energy System, MOSFET, 13 Level inverter, Space Vector PWM (SVPWM), MPPT
Monte Carlo Simulation of Supported Silver Nanoparticles on Amorphous Silica Substrate

Extended Abstract Metallic nanoparticles, especially transition metals, have a number of exciting potential applications in various fields such as optics, catalysis, electronics and magnetism. Size, morphology and structure of these nanoparticles give them remarkable properties that are not found in bulk materials. We are particularly interested in the case of metallic nanoparticles obtained experimentally by physical vapor deposition on a substrate interacting weakly such as amorphous silica and carbon. Up to now, theoretical studies and experimental data analysis have neglected the influence of this substrate because of its relatively weak interaction with the deposited metal nanoparticles. However, experimental observations show that there is a truncation effect on the nanoparticles. The context of this work is the thermodynamics of supported metal nanoparticles using Molecular modeling. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) supported on amorphous silica substrates using tight-binding potential within the second moment approximation (TBSMA) (Rosato et al., 1989). for the metal-metal interaction. The mTTAM potential is used for silica substrate (Guissani and Guillot., 1996) and Lennard-Jones potential adjusted on DFT calculations and experimental results for Ag-silica interaction. For free Ag NPs it is known that Icosahedron (Ih) is favorable for small size, monitoring by Decahedron and Truncated Octahedron (TOh) for large size as show by Baletto et al. (2002). Here we performed simulations to study the influence of amorphous silica surface on the structural stability of Ag NPs at zero temperature according to the size, structure, aspect ratio and orientation. We obtain the move of crossover points among structural motifs. The effect of surface roughness in the equilibrium structure is also study for size range of 2 to 5 nm.
Screening For Diclofenac Degrading Microorganisms And Identification Of its Degradation Products

Diclofenac bioaccumulation has been a cause for concern as reported by various Environment and Health agencies. Five environmental samples screened for diclofenac degraders, yielded 34 isolates, of which two bacterial isolates belonging to the Alcaligenes and Brevudimonas genera and two fungal isolates, were used to form a consortium. The consortia was used for degradation studies, where 75.90% of Diclofenac degradation occurred in 12 hrs, This is in contrast to the individual isolates which could initiate degradation only after 24 hrs of incubation . Degradation profile by MS analysis after 120 hrs showed peak with retention time of 15.27 mins which could be identified as ,2-[(2,6-dichlo1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-indolinon --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 30-06-2018 Date of acceptance: 17-07-2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF MOG AND KNN FOR FOREGROUND DETECTION

: Background Subtraction is a technique that detects foreground from images or videos streams. In Background Subtraction, the foreground elements are categorized after comparing the current frame with the background reference frame. Therefore, the background reference frame should be updated constantly so that it becomes adaptable to the changes in the background of the image or a video. This paper discusses and compares two such Background Subtraction techniques: Mixture of Gaussians (MOG) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The experimental analysis is done based on some important properties of both the approaches.
Dense Crowds Detection and Surveillance with Drones using Density Maps

Detecting and Counting people in a human crowd from a moving drone present challenging problems that arise from the constant changing in the image perspective and camera angle. In this paper, we test two different state-of-the-art approaches, density map generation with VGG19 trained with the Bayes loss function and detect-then-count with Faster R-CNN with ResNet50-FPN as backbone, in order to compare their accuracy at counting and detecting people in different scenarios taken from a drone in flight. We show empirically that both proposed methodologies perform well for detecting and counting people in sparse crowds when the drone is near the ground. Nevertheless, Bayes Loss provides better accuracy on both tasks while also being lighter than Faster R-CNN. Furthermore, Bayes Loss outperforms Faster R-CNN when dealing with dense crowds, proving to be more robust to scale variations and strong occlusions, hence being more suitable for surveillance applications using drones.
A 2.4 GHZ HIGH-EFFICIENCY LOW PHASE NOISE OSCILLATOR USING COMBINED BAND PASS FILTER FOR HARMONIC SUPPRESSION

This paper examines an efficient low phase noise oscillator using a high Q resonator and harmonic suppression filter. The oscillator is designed using a combined bandpass filter (BPF), which is used as a feedback element to an amplifier. The filter consists of an embedded spur line filter in the L-shaped input and output section which encloses a perturbed square ring. All of these sections are assembled to form a combined BPF which gives an excellent suppression of second and third harmonics. Low phase noise oscillator results are evaluated at 2V power supply. The measured results show the fundamental frequency at 2.4GHz, total output power of 14.92 dBm, phase noise −130.92 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset frequency, figure of merit (FOM) −175.64 dBc/Hz, reduction in 2nd and 3rd harmonics to below −45 dBm and DC-to-RF efficiency of 51.73%.
ENHANCED HALSEATD’s BASED TECHNIQUE FOR COMPLEXITY MEASURING.

: Software is the primary entity for any hardware device to function. Software while working uses the hardware resources. These resources are processing resources and the memory resources. But due to the basic resources demand the software may be dysfunctional due to less resources availability. So to function properly for the software the resources utilization should be optimized. Halseatd’s basic technique is useful for identifying the complexity of the software. This complexity will be in terms of two types of parameters one is the time parameter and other is the space parameter. Once these parameters will be set or identified the complexity of the software can be measured. And based on the burst case the complexity can be determined and will in results enhancement of the efficiency. In current research paper the manual complexity measured has been compared with measured complexity with the Halseatd’s based technique. Almost the result is 95% equal. So a automated tool will be developed which can be applied for various types of the languages like C, C++ and Java.
Why is Corporate Virtue in the Eye of the Beholder? The Case of ESG Ratings

Despite the rising use of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings, there is substantial disagreement across rating agencies regarding what rating to give to individual firms. As what drives this disagreement is unclear, we examine whether a firm's ESG disclosure helps explain some of this disagreement. We predict and find that greater ESG disclosure actually leads to greater ESG rating disagreement. These findings hold using firm fixed effects, and using a difference-in-differences design with mandatory ESG disclosure shocks. We also find that raters disagree more about ESG outcome metrics than input metrics (policies), and that disclosure appears to amplify disagreement more for outcomes. Lastly, we examine consequences of ESG disagreement and find that greater ESG disagreement is associated with higher return volatility, larger absolute price movements, and a lower likelihood of issuing external financing. Overall, our findings highlight that ESG disclosure generally exacerbates ESG rating disagreement rather than resolving it.
From Needs to Actions to Secure Apps? The Effect of Requirements and Developer Practices on App Security

Increasingly mobile device users are being hurt by security or privacy issues with the apps they use. App developers can help prevent this; inexpensive security assurance techniques to do so are now well established, but do developers use them? And if they do so, is that reflected in more secure apps? From a survey of 335 successful app developers, we conclude that less than a quarter of such professionals have access to security experts; that less than a third use assurance techniques regularly; and that few have made more than cosmetic changes as a result of the European GDPR legislation. Reas-suringly, we found that app developers tend to use more assurance techniques and make more frequent security updates when (1) they see more need for security, and (2) there is security expert or champion involvement. In a second phase we downloaded the apps corresponding to each completed survey and analyzed them for SSL issues, cryptographic API misuse and privacy leaks, finding only one fifth defect-free as far as our tools could detect. We found that having security experts or champions involved led to more cryptographic API issues, probably because of greater cryptography usage; but that measured defect counts did not relate to the need for security, nor to the use of assurance techniques. This offers two major opportunities for research: to further improve the detection of security issues in app binaries; and to support increasing the use of assurance techniques in the app developer community.