Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimación de la fotosíntesis foliar en jitomate bajo invernadero mediante redes neuronales artificiales* Foliar photosynthesis estimation in tomato under greenhouse conditions through artificial neural networks

Resumen Dentro de la teoria de identificacion de sistemas, los modelos de redes neuronales artificiales (ANN) artificial neural networks por sus siglas en ingles, han mostrado gran capacidad para encontrar patrones de relacion entre variables de procesos altamente no lineales, asi como resolver la limitante de la regresion no lineal, donde no es posible usar variables correlacionadas como entradas. El objetivo de la presente investigacion fue modelar la tasa de fotosintesis foliar de plantas de jitomate, cultivadas bajo invernadero, mediante redes neuronales artificiales, empleando como variables de entrada: temperatura, humedad relativa, deficit de presion de vapor y concentracion de dioxido de carbono (CO 2 ) del aire, asi como radiacion fotosinteticamente activa. El experimento se desarrollo durante 2009 en un invernadero experimental de la Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico. Se uso el equipo de fitomonitoreo PTM-48M (Daletown Company, Ltd), para registrar el intercambio de CO
Applying a Nonlinear Regression Model to Characterize Cortisol Responses to Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone Challenge

Abstract: We previously applied a pharmacokinetic model to characterize stress‐induced cortisol curves. In the current study, we apply this pharmacokinetic model to characterize cortisol responses to CRH challenge in children aged 6‐16. Two hundred eleven sessions were completed beginning between 4 and 5 pm. Sessions included 30‐40 minutes preinfusion baseline, 1 μg/kg CRH infusion, 90‐180 minutes of postinfusion measures, and 9‐10 plasma cortisol samples per session. A simpler version of the original oral dose model best‐fit responses to the CRH challenge: Response = alpha + beta*Time + lambda*T*exp(−kappa*T). Time was standardized so that CRH infusion was at time 0. T = max (0, Time) such that the nonlinear departure from baseline only operated in the postinfusion phase. Alpha represents baseline cortisol at time of infusion, beta is the slope of the linear approximation of the diurnal rhythm, lambda controls magnitude of peak change from baseline, and kappa is reactivity rate. The model converged and appeared to provide a good fit to “real‐world” data in healthy children. Our proposed model provides a detailed characterization of cortisol response to CRH infusion and should allow for increased flexibility in characterizing the influence of individual and situational variables on specific aspects of cortisol response curves.
Challenges of T cell therapies for virus-associated diseases after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Importance of the field: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment of choice for many hematological malignancies and genetic disorders. The majority of patients do not have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical sibling donor, and alternative stem cell sources include HLA-matched or mismatched unrelated donors and haploidentical related donors. However, alternative donor HSCT are associated with three major complications i) graft rejection; ii) graft-versus-host disease (GvHD); and iii) delayed immune reconstitution leading to viral infections and relapse. Areas covered in this review: Graft rejection and the risk of GvHD can be significantly reduced by using intensive conditioning regimens, including in vivo T cell depletion as well as ex vivo T cell depletion of the graft. However, the benefits of removing alloreactive T cells from the graft are offset by the concomitant removal of T cells with anti-viral or anti-tumor activity as well as the profound delay in endogenous T cell recovery post-transplant. Thus, opportunistic infections, many of which are not amenable to conventional small-molecule therapeutics, are frequent in these patients and are associated with significant morbidity and high mortality rates. This review discusses current cell therapies to prevent or treat viral infections/reactivations post-transplant. What the reader will gain: The reader will gain an understanding of the current state of cell therapy to prevent and treat viral infections post-HSCT, and will be introduced to preclinical studies designed to develop and validate new manufacturing procedures intended to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce associated toxicities. Take home message: Reconstitution of HSCT recipients with antigen-specific T cells, produced either by allodepletion or in vitro reactivation, can offer an effective strategy to provide both immediate and long-term protection without harmful alloreactivity.
Mouse infection and pathogenesis by Trypanosoma brucei motility mutants

The flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei is an essential and multifunctional organelle that drives parasite motility and is receiving increased attention as a potential drug target. In the mammalian host, parasite motility is suspected to contribute to infection and disease pathogenesis. However, it has not been possible to test this hypothesis owing to lack of motility mutants that are viable in the bloodstream life cycle stage that infects the mammalian host. We recently identified a bloodstream‐form motility mutant in 427‐derived T. brucei in which point mutations in the LC1 dynein subunit disrupt propulsive motility but do not affect viability. These mutants have an actively beating flagellum, but cannot translocate. Here we demonstrate that the LC1 point mutant fails to show enhanced cell motility upon increasing viscosity of the surrounding medium, which is a hallmark of wild type T. brucei, thus indicating that motility of the mutant is fundamentally altered compared with wild type cells. We next used the LC1 point mutant to assess the influence of trypanosome motility on infection in mice. Wesurprisingly found that disrupting parasite motility has no discernible effect on T. brucei bloodstream infection. Infection time‐course, maximum parasitaemia, number of waves of parasitaemia, clinical features and disease outcome are indistinguishable between motility mutant and control parasites. Our studies provide an important step toward understanding the contribution of parasite motility to infection and a foundation for future investigations of T. brucei interaction with the mammalian host.
Prosodic focus with and without post-focus compression: A typological divide within the same language family?

There is increasing evidence that many languages encode prosodic focus not only with phonetic variations in the focused component itself, but also with a reduction of pitch range and intensity of the post-focus components, a strategy known as post-focus compression (PFC). However, evidence is also emerging that in many other languages prosodic encoding of focus is markedly different, suggesting that PFC might be related to factors such as the presence of lexical tone, stress or the availability of morphosyntactic means of signaling focus. The current study investigated the production and perception of f ocus in Taiwanese, Taiwan Mandarin and Beijing Mandarin, three languages/dialects that are all tonal and that have similar morphosyntactic means for indicating focus. Results showed clear evidence of PFC in Beijing Mandarin but lack of it in Taiwanese and Taiwan Mandarin, suggesting that PFC is independent of the factors mentioned above. Most interestingly, Taiwan Mandarin seems to have lost PFC due to close contact with Taiwanese despite its effectiveness as demonstrated by the perceptual experiment. The new findings, taken together with other recent finding about prosodic focus, seem to suggest that PFC is a “hard-to-evolve” prosodic feature that may have a single historical origin. Thus there is a need for large scale experimental research to explore the crosslinguistic distribution of PFC, so as to broaden our understanding of not only prosodic typology, but also language contact, bilingualism and language evolution in general.
Autonomic innervation of the developing heart: Origins and function

Maintenance of homeostatic circulation in mammals and birds is reliant upon autonomic innervation of the heart. Neural branches of mixed cellular origin and function innervate the heart at the arterial and venous poles as it matures, eventually coupling autonomic output to the cardiac components, including the conduction system. The development of neural identity is controlled by specific networks of genes and growth factors, whereas functional properties are governed by the use of different neurotransmitters. In this review, we summarize briefly the anatomic arrangement of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system and describe, in detail, the innervation of the heart. We discuss the timing of cardiac innervation in the chick and mouse, emphasizing the relationship of the cardiac neural networks to the anatomical structures within the heart. We also discuss the variable contribution of the neural crest to vagal cardiac nerves, and summarize the main neurotransmitters secreted by the developing sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic divisions. We provide an overview of the main growth factor and gene families involved in neural development, discussing how these factors may impact upon the development of cardiac abnormalities in congenital syndromes associated with autonomic dysfunction. Clin. Anat. 22:36–46, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntactic event-related potential components in 24-month-olds’ sentence comprehension

The processing of syntactic violations in adults is associated with a biphasic event-related potential pattern consisting of an early left anterior negativity and a late positivity called the P600. While the early left anterior negativity reflects highly automatic sentence parsing, the P600 reflects processes of syntactic reanalyses or repair. The present study investigated the processing of phrase structure information in 24-month-old German-speaking children. During the experimental session, the children listened to short active sentences that were either syntactically correct or contained a phrase structure violation. The event-related potential s of the children displayed a late positivity in response to phrase structure violations. Our findings indicate that even children at this early age are sensitive to syntactic errors in the form of phrase structure violations.
The discovery of aequorin and green fluorescent protein

We discovered aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) in 1961 from the same species of jellyfish (Shimomura et al ., 1962). Our target was a luminescent substance, aequorin, and GFP was isolated as a by-product of aequorin owing to its bright conspicuous fluorescence. Both are unusual proteins but they had no particular importance when we first reported them. Their importance became apparent in the course of studies, and now, 40 years after their discovery, they are well known and widely used, aequorin as a calcium probe and GFP as a marker protein. In the characterization of these proteins, information obtained from the bioluminescence of the ostracod Cypridina played an extremely important role. Without the information gained on Cypridina luminescence, the characterization of aequorin would not have been possible. Because I had studied the bioluminescence of Cypridina before I worked on aequorin, I would like to begin my story with my encounter with Cypridina .
Sensors to Events: Semantic Modeling and Recognition of Events from Data Streams

Detecting and responding to real-world events is an integral part of any enterprise or organization, but Semantic Computing has been largely underutilized for complex event processing (CEP) applications. A primary reason for this gap is the difference in the level of abstraction between the high-level semantic models for events and the low-level raw data values received from sensor data streams. In this work, we investigate the need for Semantic Computing in various aspects of CEP, and intend to bridge this gap by utilizing recent advances in time series analytics and machine learning. We build upon the Process-oriented Event Model, which provides a formal approach to model real-world objects and events, and specifies the process of moving from sensors to events. We extend this model to facilitate Semantic Computing and time series data mining directly over the sensor data, which provides the advantage of automatically learning the required background knowledge without domain expertise. We illustrate the expressive power of our model in case studies from diverse applications, with particular emphasis on non-intrusive load monitoring in smart energy grids. We also demonstrate that this powerful semantic representation is still highly accurate and performs at par with existing approaches for event detection and classification.
Immunosuppression in burkitt's lymphoma. II. Peripheral blood lymphocyte populations related to clinical status

We have studied peripheral blood lymphocyte populations, defined in terms of their E and EAC' rosetteforming capacity in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and controls. Total lymphocyte counts were reduced in patients compared to controls (p<0.005), and correlated with clinical stage and disease status. Presenting patients with Stage D tumours had the lowest levels, while patients in remission for at least 18 months had total lymphocyte counts simitar to those of controls. Absolute numbers of both E and EAC' rosette‐forming cells (RFC) were reduced, compared to controls, in tumour‐bearing patients (p < 0.0005 for both E and EAC' RFC) and also, to a lesser extent, in patients in remission (p < 0.025 and < 0.05 for E and EAC' RFC respectively). In the case of E RFC a significant reduction was present even when patients in remission for over 18 months were considered alone (p < 0.05). Non‐RFC were present in similar numbers in patients and controls, so that the reduction in total lymphocyte count can be accounted for entirely by the reduced numbers of RFC. As anticipated by this, percentages of RFC were also reduced in patients compared to controls, EAC' RFC to a lesser extent than E RFC. Non‐RFC percentages were correspondingly increased. Tumour‐bearing patients had significantly impaired PHA responses and cutaneous reactivity, which correlated significantly with very low levels of RFC. One possible explanation for these results is that immunoreactive lymphocytes are sequestered within the tumour. This is consistent with the immunosuppression observed in tumour‐bearing patients, and would also result in difficulty in detecting even a powerful tumour‐specific immune reaction by means of an assay dependent upon the participation of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
DC low electrostatic voltage particulate filter: PM0.1 And PM2.5 emission efficiency measurement

Vehicle emissions in terms of particulate matters PM0.1 and PM2.5 have been recognized to contribute a significant amount of pollutants into the air and adverse to human health. One of the efforts to reduce the emission is by a designing of particulate filtering system. This study develops a filtering system applying DC voltage. The objective of this research was to obtain a particulate filtering system with high efficiency based on the electrostatic principle. The filters were made of an aluminium plate as the anode and cathode probes. These probes applied as collecting probe that connected with a voltage source (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 volt). The filter efficiency was calculated by using measured concentrations of PM0.1 and PM2.5 emitted by motorcycles before and after passing through the filter. The PM0.1 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured using a TSI 8525 P-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counter and a Kanomax 3443 Digital Dust Monitor. The results showed that the filter efficiency depending on applied DC voltages within the range of 23–35 % for PM0.1 and 29–40 % for PM2.5.
Suicide by burning barbecue charcoal

We report three cases of suicide in Scotland where barbecue charcoal was purposely burned in confined areas (an outbuilding, a car and a bedroom). External examination of the three cases revealed a distinctive `cherry red' discolouration to the post-mortem lividity and blood and there were no marks or injuries to the bodies to give any cause for concern. Toxicological analysis of femoral blood samples revealed fatal levels of carbon monoxide (70%, 85% and 80% respectively). Considering the history, circumstances and external findings, a `View and Grant' examination was conducted in all three cases and the cause of death was attributed to carbon monoxide poisoning due to inhalation of burning charcoal fumes. This particular method of suicide is not common in Europe and is more widely reported in the Far East.
Organic solvents and hearing loss: The challenge for audiology

Organic solvents have been reported to adversely affect human health, including hearing health. Animal models have demonstrated that solvents may induce auditory damage, especially to the outer hair cells. Research on workers exposed to solvents has suggested that these chemicals may also induce auditory damage through effects on the central auditory pathways. Studies conducted with both animals and humans demonstrate that the hearing frequencies affected by solvent exposure are different to those affected by noise, and that solvents may interact synergistically with noise. The present article aims to review the contemporary literature of solvent-induced hearing loss, and consider the implications of solvent-induced auditory damage for clinical audiologists. Possible audiological tests that may be used when auditory damage due to solvent exposure is suspected are discussed. Sumario Se ha reportado que los solventes orgánicos afectan adversamente la salud humana, incluyen la salud auditiva. Los modelos animales han demostrado que los solventes pueden inducir daño auditivo, especialmente en las células ciliadas externas. La investigación en trabajadores expuestos a solventes sugiere que estos productos químicos pueden también inducir daño auditivo afectando las vías auditivas centrales. Los estudios conducidos en animales y en humanos demuestran que las frecuencias auditivas afectadas por la exposición a solventes son diferentes de las afectadas por el ruido, y que los solventes pueden actuar en sinergia con el ruido. El presente artículo pretende revisar la literatura contemporánea sobre hipoacusia inducida por solventes, y hacer consideraciones clínicas para el audiólogo sobre el daño auditivo inducido por solventes. Se discuten posibles pruebas auditivas que pueden ser utilizadas cuando se sospecha daño auditivo debido a la exposición a solventes.
Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6

Cyclin D-dependent kinases act as mitogen-responsive, rate-limiting controllers of G1 phase progression in mammalian cells. Two novel members of the mouse INK4 gene family, p19 and p18, that specifically inhibit the kinase activities of CDK4 and CDK6, but do not affect those of cyclin E-CDK2, cyclin A-CDK2, or cyclin B-CDC2, were isolated. Like the previously described human INK4 polypeptides, p16INK4a/MTS1 and p15INK4b/MTS2, mouse p19 and p18 are primarily composed of tandemly repeated ankyrin motifs, each ca. 32 amino acids in length, p19 and p18 bind directly to CDK4 and CDK6, whether untethered or in complexes with D cyclins, and can inhibit the activity of cyclin D-bound cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Although neither protein interacts with D cyclins or displaces them from preassembled cyclin D-CDK complexes in vitro, both form complexes with CDKs at the expense of cyclins in vivo, suggesting that they may also interfere with cyclin-CDK assembly. In proliferating macrophages, p19 mRNA and protein are periodically expressed with a nadir in G1 phase and maximal synthesis during S phase, consistent with the possibility that INK4 proteins limit the activities of CDKs once cells exit G1 phase. However, introduction of a vector encoding p19 into mouse NIH 3T3 cells leads to constitutive p19 synthesis, inhibits cyclin D1-CDK4 activity in vivo, and induces G1 phase arrest.
No evidence for the ‘Meselson effect’ in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari)

It has been hypothesized that in ancient apomictic, nonrecombining lineages the two alleles of a single copy gene will become highly divergent as a result of the independent accumulation of mutations (Meselson effect). We used a partial sequence of the elongation factor‐1α (ef‐1α) and the heat shock protein 82 (hsp82) genes to test this hypothesis for putative ancient parthenogenetic oribatid mite lineages. In addition, we tested if the hsp82 gene is fully transcribed by sequencing the cDNA and we also tested if there is evidence for recombination and gene conversion in sexual and parthenogenetic oribatid mite species. The average maximum intra‐specific divergence in the ef‐1α was 2.7% in three parthenogenetic species and 8.6% in three sexual species; the average maximum intra‐individual genetic divergence was 0.9% in the parthenogenetic and 6.0% in the sexual species. In the hsp82 gene the average maximum intra‐individual genetic divergence in the sexual species Steganacarus magnus and in the parthenogenetic species Platynothrus peltifer was 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively. None of the differences were statistically significant. The cDNA data indicated that the hsp82 sequence is transcribed and intron‐free. Likelihood permutation tests indicate that ef‐1α has undergone recombination in all three studied sexual species and gene conversion in two of the sexual species, but neither process has occurred in any of the parthenogenetic species. No evidence for recombination or gene conversion was found for sexual or parthenogenetic oribatid mite species in the hsp 82 gene. There appears to be no Meselson effect in parthenogenetic oribatid mite species. Presumably, their low genetic divergence is due to automixis, other homogenizing mechanisms or strong selection to keep both the ef‐1α and the hsp82 gene functioning.
Construct standards in skilled action.

ECKERT, HELEN M. , and EICHORN, DOROTHY H. Construct Standards in Skilled Action. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1974, 45, 439-445. Factorial analyses of various eye-hand coordination tasks were computed by age and sex for longitudinal data from ages 41 through 8i. The results indicated a reduction from 3 to 2 factors between 41 and 51 years for females and between 51 and 61 for males. These factors were tentatively identified as patterning and speed. Increases in performance means and decreases in standard deviations occurred with increasing age for both sexes. Generally, sex differences were nonsignificant. Theoretical models of skilled action development are discussed, with the results tending to support a construct standards model.