Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONVERSATIONAL STRUCTURE OF NON-NATIVESPEAKERS OF ENGLISH

A number of experts coming from different fields, such us sociology, psychology and linguistic, who are interested in conversational analysis. Following their steps, I analyzed the conversational structure of non-native speaker of English. The aspects I examined were opening, closing, adjacency pairs, turn-taking allocation, and repair strategies. A couple of of English department students (classmate; both of them are female) at UNNES were used as the participants. The participants‘ conversation was intentionally recorded. However there was no prescribed topic for the conversation so they could talk about everything in naturally occured conversation atmosphere. Following the theories of Schegloff and Sack‘s, the data of this descriptive qualitative study were classified into three rules (R1, R2 and R3) of turn-taking allocation namely R1: current-select-next, R2: next speaker self-selects, and R3: no-current-speakerselect- next & no-next-speaker-self-selects; and four strategies of conversational repair: self-initiated self-repair, other-initiated self-repair, self-initiated otherrepair, and other-initiated other-repair. Meanwhile, the opening, the closing, and the adjacency pairs were described according to what was found on the conversation. I collected the data by recording and transcribing the participants‘ talk. The data were analyzed through the following steps: (1) choosing the data, (2) identifying, (3) classifying (4) tabulating, and then (5) reporting the data. There were 141 turn-takings, sixty-five of which are R1, sixty-six of which are R2 and ten of which are R3. There were seventy-one adjacency pairs: greetinggreeting three pairs, question-answers fourty-three pairs, information-response four pairs, advice-accpetance one pair, assertion-agreement ten pairs, requestgrant/ acceptance four pairs, statement-confirmation four pairs, thank-return one pair, farewell-farewell one pair. Then, out of sixty-nine repairs found, there were sixty-six of self-initiated self-repair; two of self-initiated other-repair; one of other-initiated self-repair; and none of other-initiated other-repair.The participantsalso opened and closed their conversation appropriately. Based on the findings, the participants were already capable ofcounstructing awell-organized conversation so that their conversation was considered as successful since the messages delivered by the speakers are received well by the interlocutors without any misunderstandings.
AccessiText: automated detection of text accessibility issues in Android apps

For 15% of the world population with disabilities, accessibility is arguably the most critical software quality attribute. The growing reliance of users with disability on mobile apps to complete their day-to-day tasks further stresses the need for accessible software. Mobile operating systems, such as iOS and Android, provide various integrated assistive services to help individuals with disabilities perform tasks that could otherwise be difficult or not possible. However, for these assistive services to work correctly, developers have to support them in their app by following a set of best practices and accessibility guidelines. Text Scaling Assistive Service (TSAS) is utilized by people with low vision, to increase the text size and make apps accessible to them. However, the use of TSAS with incompatible apps can result in unexpected behavior introducing accessibility barriers to users. This paper presents approach, an automated testing technique for text accessibility issues arising from incompatibility between apps and TSAS. As a first step, we identify five different types of text accessibility by analyzing more than 600 candidate issues reported by users in (i) app reviews for Android and iOS, and (ii) Twitter data collected from public Twitter accounts. To automatically detect such issues, approach utilizes the UI screenshots and various metadata information extracted using dynamic analysis, and then applies various heuristics informed by the different types of text accessibility issues identified earlier. Evaluation of approach on 30 real-world Android apps corroborates its effectiveness by achieving 88.27% precision and 95.76% recall on average in detecting text accessibility issues.
Effect of environmental capabilities on environmental strategies and performances of thermal power plants in Iran

The electricity industry has an important role in the economic growth and industrial dynamics in all countries. However, it is one of the main sources of environmental pollutants as well. Hence, environmental experts are always trying to reduce the amount of pollutants. This study aims to realize the relations between environmental capabilities and environmental strategies with environmental, financial and operational performances. Accordingly, questionnaires, by 39 questions, distributed among 103 participants, including environmental experts of the thermal power plants and thermal power company. Among 103 questionnaires, 70 qualified questionnaires were collected. The reliability of questioners was tested by Cronbach alpha criterion and the amount of this criterion (0.845) verified the reliability of the questionnaire. Also, the validity of the questionnaire confirmed through the Fornell and Locker methods and other factors. For testing the hypotheses of research, the method of structural equation modelling analysis was used. The empirical results show that: 1. The environmental capabilities have a positive impact on environmental strategies 2. The environmental strategies have positive impacts on financial, operational and environmental performances 3. The environmental capabilities can have positive effects on environmental, financial and operational performance through environmental strategies. These results confirm that focusing on environmental issues of thermal power plant activities, not only improve environmental performance, but also improve their operational and financial performances.
RoboFuzz: fuzzing robotic systems over robot operating system (ROS) for finding correctness bugs

Robotic systems are becoming an integral part of human lives. Responding to the increased demands for robot productions, Robot Operating System (ROS), an open-source middleware suite for robotic development, is gaining traction by providing practical tools and libraries for quickly developing robots. In this paper, we are concerned with a relatively less-tested class of bugs in ROS and ROS-based robotic systems, called semantic correctness bugs, including the violation of specification, violation of physical laws, and cyber-physical discrepancy. These bugs often stem from the cyber-physical nature of robotic systems, in which noisy hardware components are intertwined with software components, and thus cannot be detected by existing fuzzing approaches that mostly focus on finding memory-safety bugs. We propose RoboFuzz, a feedback-driven fuzzing framework that integrates with ROS and enables testing of the correctness bugs. RoboFuzz features (1) data type-aware mutation for effectively stressing data-driven ROS systems, (2) hybrid execution for acquiring robotic states from both real-world and a simulator, capturing unforeseen cyber-physical discrepancies, (3) an oracle handler that identifies correctness bugs by checking the execution states against predefined correctness oracles, and (4) a semantic feedback engine for providing augmented guidance to the input mutator, complementing classic code coverage-based feedback, which is less effective for distributed, data-driven robots. By encoding the correctness invariants of ROS and four ROS-compatible robotic systems into specialized oracles, RoboFuzz detected 30 previously unknown bugs, of which 25 are acknowledged and six have been fixed.
Enhanced properties of poly(lactic acid) by concurrent addition of organo-modified Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and triethyl citrate

Synergistic effects of organo-modified Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) and triethyl citrate (TEC) on the properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were demonstrated. PLA/LDH nanocomposites in the absence and presence of TEC were fabricated via solution casting technique. Morphological analysis revealed that as the LDH concentration increases, the number of aggregations is also increased; however, introduction of TEC considerably enhanced the dispersion quality of LDHs. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the addition of LDH and TEC had no significant influence on the crystallinity of nanocomposites obtained from solution casting. In contrast, once the samples were cooled from melt, the concurrent use of LDH and TEC led to a dramatic enhancement in the crystallinity of PLA (X c = 55.5%). Moreover, the LDH nanoparticles counterbalanced the adverse effects of plasticization by TEC leading to enhanced toughness of the final nanocomposites. LDH had also a positive influence on thermal stability of PLA, indicating the heat-insulating role of LDH particles. In conclusion, the concurrent use of LDH and TEC could extend the applicability of PLA especially in food packaging applications.
Recent progress in understanding the persistent luminescence in SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy

ABSTRACT Ever since the discovery of SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy persistent afterglow material, that can intensively glow up to 20 h, the mechanism of long-lasting luminescence has been a popular area of research. The research is focused on discovering the mechanism of persistent luminescence in order to prolong the duration and intensity of afterglow in a controlled way. Although most researchers agree on the general things, there are still many unclarities and ambiguities to discuss upon. This review paper briefly sketches in the highlights of past research on the luminescence mechanism in SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy, mainly focusing on the research conducted in the past decade dedicated to clearing these ambiguities. This paper provides an overview of the latest persistent luminescence mechanisms offered by researchers.
Shear Strengthening of RC Beams Using Polyester Rope

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using polyester rope (PR). A total of five small scale RC beams were cost and tested under four point bending scheme. One beam was tested as un-strengthen to serve as a control beam whereas remaining four beams were strengthened using polyester rope prior to the test. PR was applied in the shear critical region using two different kinds of configurations such as configuration A and B. In the configuration A, the PR was applied in the form of strips whereas in configuration B, the PR was applied over the whole shear critical region of beams. Further in both strengthening configurations, the PR was applied in two different thicknesses i.e., one layer and three layers. The experimental results indicate that use of PR is every effective to alter the response of RC beams and to enhance the shear strength of RC beams. There is found increase in load carrying capacity with an increase in the PR thickness. It was also observed that strengthening configuration B is superior to the strengthening configuration A in terms of ultimate load carrying capacity of RC beams.
Dielectric Properties of Epoxy-Matrix Composites with Tungsten Disulfide Nanotubes

Addition of conductive nanotubes to an insulating polymer matrix has been proven as an efficient strategy that can improve the electromagnetic shielding performance, due to the high aspect ratio of nanotubes. Herein, a set of epoxy-matrix composites filled with 0.15-1.6 vol% of tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes being of 30-120 nm in diameter and 5-20 μm in length has been produced. Electromagnetic properties of the prepared composites were probed in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz in a temperature range from 250 K to 500 K. Broadband properties of these materials are controlled by the dynamics of epoxy resin molecules, and no electrical percolation was observed up to the highest concentration (1.6 vol%) of WS2 nanotubes. The value of dielectric permittivity for all composites is not bigger than 6 at room temperature and 1 kHz frequency, and the electrical conductivity of composites is about 10-6 S/m at 500 K, which demonstrate that the composites are suitable for antistatic applications at higher temperatures. The relaxation time follows the Vogel-Fulcher law, and the Vogel temperature T0 has the minimum for the WS2 nanotube concentration 0.15 vol%. Above 410 K, the electrical conductivity determines the properties of the investigated composites due to nonzero electrical conductivity of epoxy resin. The value of DC electrical conductivity for pure epoxy at T=450 K is 0.3 μS/m, while the DC conductivity of the composites slightly increases with the WS2 concentration. Therefore, the electrical contacts between WS2 nanotubes and polymer matrix are rather ohmic. Additionally, the activation energy is almost independent on the concentration of WS2. However, it is higher in composites than in pure epoxy resin.
Southern (American) Hospitality: Italians in Argentina and the Us During the Age of Mass Migration

I study the selection and economic outcomes of Italians in Argentina and the US, the two largest destinations during the age of mass migration. Prior cross-sectional work finds that Italians had faster assimilation in Argentina, but it is inconclusive on whether this was due to differences in selection or host-country conditions. I assemble data following Italians from passenger lists to censuses, enabling me to compare migrants with similar pre-migration characteristics. Italians had better economic outcomes in Argentina, and this advantage was unlikely to be due to selection. Migration path dependence can rationalize these differences in an era of open borders.
Pulmonary Nodule Detection Based on RPN with Squeeze‐and‐Excitation Block

Early detection of lung cancer is a crucial step to improve the chances of survival. To detect the pulmonary nodules, various methods are proposed including one-stage object detection methods (e.g., YOLO, SSD) and two-stage detection methods(e.g., Faster RCNN). Two-stage methods are more accurate than one-stage, thus more likely used in the detection of a small object. Faster RCNN as a two-stage method, ensuring more efficient and accurate region proposal generation, is consistent with our task’s objective, that is, detecting small 3-D nodules from large CT image volume. Therefore, in our work, we used 3-D region proposal network (RPN) proposed in Faster RCNN to detect nodules. However, different from natural images with clear boundaries and textures, pulmonary nodules have different types and locations, which are hard to recognize. Thus with the thought that if the network can learn more features of the nodules, the performance would be better, we also applied the "Squeeze-and-Excitation" blocks to the 3-D RPN, which we term it as SE-Res RPN. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of SE-Res RPN in 10-fold cross-validation of LUNA 16 is 93.7 , which achieves great performance without a false positive reduction stage.
Microstructure and Defect Characterization Using Advanced STEM Techniques: 4D-STEM and WB DF STEM

1. Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. 2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA. 3. National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA. 4. Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. * Corresponding author: mills.108@osu.edu
Thickness and Structure of Adsorbed Water Layer and Effects on Adhesion and Friction at Nanoasperity Contact

Most inorganic material surfaces exposed to ambient air can adsorb water, and hydrogen bonding interactions among adsorbed water molecules vary depending on, not only intrinsic properties of material surfaces, but also extrinsic working conditions. When dimensions of solid objects shrink to micro- and nano-scales, the ratio of surface area to volume increases greatly and the contribution of water condensation on interfacial forces, such as adhesion (Fa) and friction (Ft), becomes significant. This paper reviews the structural evolution of the adsorbed water layer on solid surfaces and its effect on Fa and Ft at nanoasperity contact for sphere-on-flat geometry. The details of the underlying mechanisms governing water adsorption behaviors vary depending on the atomic structure of the substrate, surface hydrophilicity and atmospheric conditions. The solid surfaces reviewed in this paper include metal/metallic oxides, silicon/silicon oxides, fluorides, and two-dimensional materials. The mechanism by which water condensation influences Fa is discussed based on the competition among capillary force, van der Waals force and the rupture force of solid-like water bridge. The condensed meniscus and the molecular configuration of the water bridge are influenced by surface roughness, surface hydrophilicity, temperature, sliding velocity, which in turn affect the kinetics of water condensation and interfacial Ft. Taking the effects of the thickness and structure of adsorbed water into account is important to obtain a full understanding of the interfacial forces at nanoasperity contact under ambient conditions.
History-aware explanations: towards enabling human-in-the-loop in self-adaptive systems

The complexity of real-world problems requires modern software systems to autonomously adapt and modify their behaviour at run time to deal with internal and external challenges and contexts. Consequently, these self-adaptive systems (SAS) can show unexpected and surprising behaviours to users, who may not understand or agree with them. This is exacerbated due to the ubiquity and complexity of AI-based systems which are often considered as "black-boxes". Users may feel that the decision-making process of SAS is oblivious to the user's own decision-making criteria and priorities. Inevitably, users may mistrust or even avoid using the system. Furthermore, SAS could benefit from the human involvement in satisfying stakeholders' requirements. Accordingly, it is argued that a system should be able to explain its behaviour and how it has reached its current state. A history-aware, human-in-the-loop approach to address these issues is presented in this paper. For this approach, the system should i) offer access and retrieval of historic data about the past behaviour of the system, ii) track over time the reasons for its decisions to show and explain them to the users, and iii) provide capabilities, called effectors, to empower users by allowing them to steer the decision-making based on the information provided by i) and ii). This paper looks into enabling a human-in-the-loop approach into the decision-making of SAS based on the MAPE-K architecture. We present a feedback layer based on temporal graph databases (TGDB) that has been added to the MAPE-K architecture to provide a two-way communication between the human and the SAS. Collaboration, communication and trustworthiness between the human and SAS is promoted by the provision of history-based explanations extracted from the TGDB, and a set of effectors allow human users to influence the system based on the received information. The encouraging results of an application of the approach to a network management case study and a validation from a SAS expert are shown.
OCL libraries for software specification and representation

The OCL 2.4 standard library has a relatively small set of operations for primitive types, and no facilities for common software aspects such as processes and files. In this paper we identify requirements for extended library facilities, based on examination of related specification languages, and on consideration of the need to represent program semantics for software migration. We outline possible libraries and provide example implementations.
Automation of the creation and execution of system level hardware-in-loop tests through model-based testing

In this paper, we apply model-based testing (MBT) to automate the creation of hardware-in-loop (HIL) test cases. In order to select MBT tools, different tools’ properties were compared to each other through a literature study, with the result of selecting GraphWalker and MoMuT tools to be used in an industrial case study. The results show that the generated test cases perform similarly to their manual counterparts regarding how the test cases achieved full requirements coverage. When comparing the effort needed for applying the methods, a comparable effort is required for creating the first iteration, while with every subsequent update, MBT will require less effort compared to the manual process. Both methods achieve 100% requirements coverage, and since manual tests are created and executed by humans, some requirements are favoured over others due to company demands, while MBT tests are generated randomly. In addition, a comparison between the used tools showcased the differences in the models’ design and their test case generation. The comparison showed that GraphWalker has a more straightforward design method and is better suited for smaller systems, while MoMuT can handle more complex systems but has a more involved design method.
CLIFuzzer: mining grammars for command-line invocations

The behavior of command-line utilities can be very much influenced by passing command-line options and arguments—configuration settings that enable, disable, or otherwise influence parts of the code to be executed. Hence, systematic testing of command-line utilities requires testing them with diverse configurations of supported command-line options. We introduce CLIFuzzer, a tool that takes an executable program and, using dynamic analysis to track input processing, automatically extract a full set of its options, arguments, and argument types. This set forms a grammar that represents the valid sequences of valid options and arguments. Producing invocations from this grammar, we can fuzz the program with an endless list of random configurations, covering the related code. This leads to increased coverage and new bugs over purely mutation based fuzzers.
Role of recycling fine materials as filler for improving performance of concrete - a review

ABSTRACT There are limitations that are associated with recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), with regards to strength, durability and micro scale features. These have led to the use of artificial admixtures for modifying concrete properties. This review dwells on the use of fillers to improve the mechanical and microstructural properties of RAC. Fillers are sourced naturally or processed from industrial and construction sector wastes, and they are added into concrete to modify or enhance its workability, strength and micro scale properties. Despite the increasing use of aggregate sourced from construction and demolition activities for the production of fresh concrete, studies have shown that the strength, among other properties of the new concrete are inferior to that of conventional concrete. To take care the defects resulting from recycled aggregate in fresh and hardened concrete, various filler materials are used in the concrete. The performance of various fillers previously used in RAC is highlighted and recommendations were made for further studies and applications.