Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for the role of ions in particle nucleation under atmospheric conditions

Experimental studies of aerosol nucleation in air, containing trace amounts of ozone, sulphur dioxide and water vapour at concentrations relevant for the Earth's atmosphere, are reported. The production of new aerosol particles is found to be proportional to the negative ion density and yields nucleation rates of the order of 0.1–1 cm−3 s−1. This suggests that the ions are active in generating an atmospheric reservoir of small thermodynamically stable clusters, which are important for nucleation processes in the atmosphere and ultimately for cloud formation.
Identity Texts and Literacy Development among Preschool English Language Learners: Enhancing Learning Opportunities for Children at Risk for Learning Disabilities.

(2003). Toward a 21st century developmental theory: Principles to account for diversity in children's lives. Separation and reunification among Latin American families in Canada. CERIS working paper #40. Bernhard, J. K. (2001). Le mal-être des parents et enfants latino-americains: Face aux pratiques pédagogiques dans les ecoles torontoises.
Assimilation of terrestrial water storage from GRACE in a snow‐dominated basin

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) information derived from gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) measurements is assimilated into a land surface model over the Mackenzie River basin located in northwest Canada. Assimilation is conducted using an ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS). Model estimates with and without assimilation are compared against independent observational data sets of snow water equivalent (SWE) and runoff. For SWE, modest improvements in mean difference (MD) and root‐mean‐square difference (RMSD) are achieved as a result of the assimilation. No significant differences in temporal correlations of SWE resulted. Runoff statistics of MD remain relatively unchanged while RMSD statistics, in general, are improved in most of the sub‐basins. Temporal correlations are degraded within the most upstream sub‐basin, but are, in general, improved at the downstream locations, which are more representative of an integrated basin response. GRACE assimilation using an EnKS offers improvements in hydrologic state/flux estimation, though comparisons with observed runoff would be enhanced by the use of river routing and lake storage routines within the prognostic land surface model. Further, GRACE hydrology products would benefit from the inclusion of better constrained models of postglacial rebound, which significantly affects GRACE estimates of interannual hydrologic variability in the Mackenzie River basin.
Low-Skilled Immigration and the Labor Supply of Highly Skilled Women

Low-skilled immigrants represent a significant fraction of employment in services that are close substitutes of household production. This paper studies whether the increased supply of low-skilled immigrants has led high-skilled women, who have the highest opportunity cost of time, to change their time-use decisions. Exploiting cross-city variation in immigrant concentration, we find that low-skilled immigration increases average hours of market work and the probability of working long hours of women at the top quartile of the wage distribution. Consistently, we find that women in this group decrease the time they spend in household work and increase expenditures on housekeeping services. (JEL J16, J22, J24, J61)
ENHANCED KERBEROS AUTHENTICATION FOR DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT

This paper aims to provide a unique and enhanced authentication model based on Kerberos environment. With this, it provides a hack-proof authentication system and protects the Kerberos environment from password-guessing attack and replay attack. Traditionally, the banking and financial institutions sends OTP to the client mobile. When it is hacked, the identity can be compromised. Using the proposed authentication model, even when the nonce value or the OTP is hacked, the identity cannot be compromised. This paper insists the need for an additional Session Key and a nonce to be used between the Authentication Server (AS) and Client i.e. Alice. This helps to make the security stronger. Kerberos environment is prone for replay attack and password-guessing attack and hence this security model helps Kerberos environment to prevent such attacks.
Triggering of El Niño onset through trade wind–induced charging of the equatorial Pacific

Sea surface temperature variations over the equatorial Pacific associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) produce changes in climates across the globe. Here we report evidence from observationally constrained ocean data for the initiation of warm ENSO events (El Niños) resulting from subsurface equatorial Pacific heat content increases related to tropical/extratropical sea level pressure (SLP) changes over the North Pacific. We hypothesize that the increase in heat content is a response to SLP‐generated variations in the North Pacific trade winds, which we term trade wind charging of the equatorial Pacific. Experiments using a high‐resolution numerical ocean model verify that the charging of subsurface heat content along the equatorial Pacific can be induced by SLP‐generated trade wind variations. Furthermore, analysis of the numerical model results and historical observations indicates that the trade wind–induced ocean heat content increases are sufficiently large to initiate the onset of El Niño events, which mature approximately 12 months after the trade wind forcing itself.
Choosing variants of pragmatic argumentation in anticipation of countermoves in health brochures

In this paper, I will determine the strategic function of the use of four variants of pragmatic argumentation in the context of advisory health brochures. I argue that each variant functions as a strategic manoeuvre that deals with potential countermoves: with variant I and II writers can address anticipated doubt with respect to the standpoint and with variants III and IV they can strategically erase potential criti- cism or possible alternatives to the proposed action.
Autonomic framework based on decision models for self-management of ubiquitous systems

Internet of things consists of a high amount of heterogeneous objects that are widely distributed and evolve frequently according to their context changes. Management of such complex environment is costly in terms of time and money. Designing context aware autonomic framework with capability of self-management is a challenge. This paper proposes FRAMESELF, a generic and extensible autonomic framework based on ontology and graph models, and reasoning rules to self-manage ubiquitous environment. A smart metering use case is experimented to illustrate the proposed solution.
Single Particle Measurements of the Chemical Composition of Cirrus Ice Residue

[1] The first real-time, in situ, investigation of the chemical composition of the residue of cirrus ice crystals was performed during July 2002. This study was undertaken on a NASA WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft as part of CRYSTAL-FACE, a field campaign which sought to further our understanding of the relation of clouds, water vapor, and climate by characterizing, among other parameters, anvil cirrus formed about the Florida peninsula. A counter flow virtual impactor (CVI) was used to separate cirrus ice from the unactivated interstitial aerosol particles and evaporate condensed-phase water. Residual material, on a crystal-by-crystal basis, was subsequently analyzed using the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory's Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument. Sampling was performed from 5 to 15 km altitude and from 12° to 28° north latitude within cirrus originating over land and ocean. Chemical composition measurements provided several important results. Sea salt was often incorporated into cirrus, consistent with homogeneous ice formation by aerosol particles from the marine boundary layer. Size measurements showed that large particles preferentially froze over smaller ones. Meteoritic material was found within ice crystals, indicative of a relation between stratospheric aerosol particles and tropospheric clouds. Mineral dust was the dominant residue observed in clouds formed during a dust transport event from the Sahara, consistent with a heterogeneous freezing mechanism. These results show that chemical composition and size are important determinants of which aerosol particles form cirrus ice crystals.
Regenerative Braking Control Strategy of Hydraulic In-wheel Motor Drive System for Heavy Truck

Guanghan Li, Bing Pan, Dafeng Song, Sheng Li, Gongke Yang and Yanping Niu * 1 State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China. 2 Textile fiber inspection, Dongying 257000, China. 3 FAW Jiefang Automotive Co., Ltd . , Qingdao 266043, China. 4 Guangzhou automobile group component Co., Ltd . , Guangzhou 510000, China. 5 Hohhot Vocational College, Hohhot 010051, China. ligh29@foxmail.com, pbingxj@163.com, songdf@126.com, lisheng@qdfaw.com, ygk2014@163.com, yp.niu@163.com
Seasonal variations of abundance and live/dead compositions of copepods in Mersin Bay, northeastern Levantine Sea (eastern Mediterranean)

The seasonality of abundance and live/dead compositions of copepods was studied in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Zooplankton, chlorophyll-a, and PO4 sampling was performed on a monthly basis from March 2006 to February 2007 at both a coastal station and an open water station. At the coastal station, high phytoplankton biomass was driven by PO4 input from the Lamas River. On annual average, copepod abundance was 53,075 and 140,227 ind. m-2 at the coastal and open water stations, respectively. The most common copepod taxa were Oithona similis, Euterpina acutifrons, Labidocera spp. , Oncaea media, and Temora spp. at the coastal station, and Oncaea media, Labidocera spp. , Lucicutia spp. , Farranula spp. , Oithona similis, and Microsetella spp. at the open water station. At the coastal station, dead copepods did not exceed 7% of the population; on annual average, 2.6% of the copepods were dead. At the open water station, on average 10.6% of the copepod population appeared dead; the percentages of dead copepods reached 29.5% in April and 21.7% in May 2006, suggesting that the copepod community suffered higher nonpredatory mortality at the open water station than at the coastal station, especially in the spring.
Research on the method in evaluating the balance function of old people

The purpose of the paper is to research a new method of detecting and evaluating balance function of old people for improving the quality of balance evaluation. The methods of evaluating balance function include as follows. Firstly, intuitional methods include observatory and questionnaire. Secondly, the Center of Pressure (CoP) andCenter of gravity (CoG) of an old people are detected to evaluate static and dynamic balance function with scientific equipment. The dedicated micro-machining accelerometer and angular rate sensors are effective in detecting the center of gravity (CoG). Finally, different algorithms were applied respectively to evaluation of static and dynamic balance function.
GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR YIELD TRAITS IN WHEAT UNDER IRRIGATED AND RAINFED ENVIRONMENTS

A set of 22 F 5:7 experimental wheat lines along with four check cul tivars (Dera-98, Fakhr-e-Sarhad, Ghaznavi-98 and Tatara) were evaluated as independent experiments under irr igated and rainfed environments using a randomized complete block design at NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar during 2004-05. The two environments were statistical ly different for days to heading and spike length only. Highly signi ficant genetic variability existed among the wheat lines (P<0.01) in the combined analysis across environments for all trait s. Genotype ◊ environment interactions were non-significant for all traits except 1000-grain weight indicating consistent perf ormance of wheat genotypes across the two environments. Wheat lines and check cultivars were 2 to 5 days early in headi ng under rainfed environment compared to the irriga ted. Plant height, spike length, 1000-grain weight, biological and gra in yields were generally reduced under rainfed envi ronment. Genetic variances were of greater magnitude than environmental variances for most of the traits in both enviro nments. The heritability estimates were of higher magnitude (0. 74 to 0.96) for days to heading, plant height, spik e length, biological and grain yield, while medium (0.31 to 0.51) for 1000-g rain weight. Selection differentials were negative for heading (7.3 days in irrigated vs 9.4 days in rainfed) and plant heig ht (9.0 cm in irrigated vs 8.7 cm in rainfed) indic ating possibility of selecting wheat genotypes with early heading and sh ort plant stature. Positive selection differential s of 1.3 vs 1.6 cm for spike length, 3.8 vs 3.4 g for 1000-grain weight, 2 488.2 vs 3139.7 kg ha -1 for biological yield and 691.6 vs 565.4 kg ha -1 for grain yield at 20% selection intensity were observe d under irrigated and rainfed environments, respect ively. Expected selection responses were 7.98 vs 8.91 days for head ing, 8.20 vs 9.52 cm for plant height, 1.01 vs 1.61 cm for spike length, 2.12 vs 1.15 g for 1000-grain weight, 1655.8 vs 231 7.2 kg ha -1 for biological yield and 691.6 vs 565.4 kg ha -1 for grain yield under the two test environments, respectively. The differential heritability and selection responses f or yield and related traits suggest the simultaneous evaluation and selection o f wheat lines under the two environments.
A Review on Variable Selection in Regression Analysis

In this paper, we investigate several variable selection procedures to give an overview of the existing literature for practitioners. “Let the data speak for themselves” has become the motto of many applied researchers since the number of data has significantly grown. Automatic model selection has been promoted to search for data-driven theories for quite a long time now. However, while great extensions have been made on the theoretical side, basic procedures are still used in most empirical work, e.g., stepwise regression. Here, we provide a review of main methods and state-of-the art extensions as well as a topology of them over a wide range of model structures (linear, grouped, additive, partially linear and non-parametric) and available software resources for implemented methods so that practitioners can easily access them. We provide explanations for which methods to use for different model purposes and their key differences. We also review two methods for improving variable selection in the general sense.
Assessment of chronic kidney disease based on necroptic microscopical examination in violent death cases

Since populational studies relying on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) definition, based on the decrease of glomerular filtration rate, show different conclusions regarding CKD epidemiology, our study aims to evaluate CKD using data provided by the necroptic microscopical examinations of the kidney. This method reveals pathological abnormalities of the kidney that are also relevant for CKD definition. The use of violent death cases exclusively insures a random selection of the subjects. Material and method: In order to study the kidney microscopical changes, renal tissue samples of 364 violent death cases were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for light microscopy. Results: Microscopic lesions suggested aspects which pleaded for CKD in 122 cases, representing 33.51% of all subjects. The lesions found in three cases (0.82%) might be caused by chronic glomerulonephritis. In eight cases (2.19 %) renal lesions might be caused by chronic pyelonephritis (CPN). In 16 cases the lesions might plead for interstitial nephritis, different from CPN. Vascular lesions were encountered in 95 cases, representing 26.09% of all subjects. We consider that necroptic studies, especially those involving violent death cases alone, can bring significant microscopic findings and, in the same time, an important adition to the information provided by populational studies.
The Acoustic Context of Oxus Trumpets

The Oxus river (modern Amu Darya) flows near the border of northern Afghanistan and southern Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan. Local excavations have produced numerous examples of trumpets dated 2200 — 1700 BCE. They are the earliest known extant trumpets, and their design is unlike any other. Their legacy seems to survive in Zoroastrian texts composed some centuries after Oxus trumpets had disappeared. These mention trumpets that had been used to communicate with animals. This is consistent with the acoustical properties: measurement on reproductions, calculations on analogous electric-circuit elements, and spectra of played trumpets show that Oxus trumpets give tones near 1 kHz which are similar to deer calls. Hunters still mimic the sound to call the male deer. From an acoustical point, the novelty of the design concerns the short length, the shape of body and the mouthpiece. The latter facilitate the production of high-pitched sounds.
Finding schwa: Comparing the results of an automatic aligner with human judgments when identifying schwa in a corpus of spoken French

This paper compares the results of an automatic aligner with human judgments when identifying schwa in a natural language corpus of spoken French. All word-final, postconsonantal possible schwa insertion sites in the standardized text portion of investigations conducted in both Qu'ebec and France were both hand coded for schwa and time aligned at the word and phone level by the Penn Phonetics Lab Forced Aligner, modified for use with French. The results of the two methods of coding were statistically compared to determine their level of agreement. Preliminary results show a strong correlation between the two methods. Possible effects due to dialect or phonetic context were investigated using a two-way, between subjects analysis of variance. A mixed design analysis of variance was also conducted. Initial results have found no significant effect due to dialect, but a possible effect due to context. This suggests that the results of automatic alignment are comparable with human judgments in both dialects of French, but results may differ for individual speakers in specific contexts. The advantages of using an automatic aligner that can aid in the collection of larger volumes of natural language data than is possible when working manually is discussed.
Affective Profiling to Determine Propensity for Empowerment or Disempowerment: Protective Attributes or Afflictive Proclivities in Depressive States and Well-Being

A plethora of studies focusing on affective personality attributes, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), have measured ubiquitously self-reports of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), forming the basis of prevailing notions regarding health and well-being over different ethnical populations, gender and clinical and healthy volunteer populations [1-27]. Invariably, these studies have measured participants’ self-reported feelings of enthusiasm, activity, feelings of duty, control, strong, proud (i.e., PA) linking them to wellbeing, proneness to frequent exercise and agentic, cooperative, and spiritual behaviors (e.g., self-acceptance, goal-orientations, empathy, helpfulness, seeking support in faith, meaningfulness). In contrast, feelings such as anger, guilt, shame contempt, and distress (i.e., NA) are associated with anxiety, depressiveness, ill-being, rumination, inaction (e.g., low exercise frequency and passive leisure activities such as watching TV) and health problems [28-32]. These studies show that PA and NA ought to be viewed as separate entities [33], despite the temptation to view them as opposite poles on a continuum.
Identification of genetic regulators of longevity in dark-held detached Arabidopsis inflorescences : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

i Acknowledgements.v List of figures.11 List of tables.13 Abbreviations.14 Chapter 1 Senescence overview . 25 1.1 Age-related leaf senescence . 27 1.1.1 Metabolites affecting age-related leaf senescence . 28 1.1.2 Age-related senescence signal transduction . 33 1.1.2.1 Senescence-associated hormone receptors . 33 1.1.2.2 Senescence-associated receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) . 34 1.1.2.3 Senescence-associated sucrose Non-fermenting Related Protein kinases . 35 1.1.2.4 Senescence-associated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) . 35 1.1.2.5 Senescence-associated transcription factors . 36 1.1.3 Degradation pathways activated during age-related leaf senescence . 38 1.1.4 Transport pathways activated during leaf senescence . 45 1.1. 5 Ontogeny of leaf senescence . 46 1.2 Postharvest senescence . 51 1.2.1 Importance of postharvest senescence . 51 1.2.2 Regulation of postharvest leaf and inflorescence senescence . 52 1.3 Identifying novel key genetic regulators of postharvest inflorescence senescence . 64 1.3. 1 Modeling postharvest metabolism of broccoli with Arabidopsis . 64 1.4 Thesis Aims . 66 Chapter 2 Materials and Methods . 69 2.1 Plant material and growth conditions . 69 2.1.1 EMS and T-DNA plant material . 69 2.1.2 General plant growth conditions . 70
Influencia de la Edad en Medidas Usuales Relacionadas con Tareas de Lectura en Escolares Hispanohablantes

espanolEl proposito de este trabajo fue conocer los cambios ligados con la edad en el desempeno de tareas de lectura en ninos hispanohablantes. Setecientos ochenta y nueve ninos mexicanos y colombianos, entre 5 y 16 anos de edad, fueron evaluados con las tareas de lectura de la bateria de Evaluacion Neuropsicologica Infantil � ENI. Los resultados muestran que la edad tiene un efecto importante en las medidas analizadas: precision, comprension y velocidad lectoras. La edad en la que se alcanza el maximo desempeno varia de acuerdo a la medida analizada. Asi, en la precision lectora, alcanza el dominio optimo entre los 7 y 8 anos de edad, en contraste con la velocidad y comprension de textos, que son dominadas mas tarde en el desarrollo del nino. EnglishThe purpose of this work was to establish the effect of ages on reading tasks in a sample of Spanish-speaking children. Seven hundred eighty nine Mexican and Colombian children, aged 5 to 16 years old, were assessed using the reading subtests from the Evaluacion Neuropsicologica Infantil battery � ENI (Child Neuropsychological assessment). Results showed that age had an important effect on the three analyzed reading measures: accuracy, speed and comprehension. The optimal performance on each of these reading measures was reached at a different age. The best possible Gonzalez et al. 52 Revista Neuropsicologia, Neuropsiquiatria y Neurociencias performance for text reading accuracy was seen between age 7 to -8 years; in contrast reading speed and reading comprehension were dominated at a later age.
PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS

Natural products are the source of synthetic and traditional herbal medicine. Phytochemicals are compounds that occur naturally in plants. The use of plants and plant products as medicines could be traced as far back as the beginning of human civilization. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening of Momordica charantia, Punica granatum and Psidium gujauva leaves. The result of the qualitative phytochemical constituents of these leaves extracts showed presence of all the tested phytochemicals alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates and saponins. Thus, the results suggests, the beneficial role of their leaves also supports their traditional uses and proved to be useful for clinical studies. Further studies will need to find its bioactivity which can give fruitful results in phytopharmaceutical.