Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The responses of soil microbial taxonomic diversity on vegetation communities and seasons in karst area

The hypotheses that soil microbial taxonomic diversity responds with different vegetations and seasons,four successional communities:Tussock(T),shrub(S),secondary forest(SF)and primary forest(PF),were tested in Huanjiang county,southwest China.The total soil microbial DNA was extracted,following the amplification of bacterial 16S and fungal 18S rDNA,and get fingerprinting by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)in order to determine for these communities.In reverse with the soil bacterial communities,the soil fungal ones presented obviously dominant phylotypes but no continuity along successional ongoing.Significant effects of vegetation on soil microbial diversity measured by Shannon index(p0.05,p0.001,respectively),but no prominent trends along successional process,were examined.Bacterial and fungal diversity also significantly affected by seasonal exchanges(p0.001,p0.001,respectively),further more,these shifts(p0.01)of diversity in T soil other than in SF and PF soils were observed.Meanwhile,there exist some interaction effects between the vegetation and the season.Significant seasonal shifts(p0.01)in microbial taxonomic diversity in T soil,but not SF and PF soils were detected.Significant positive correlations were found between bacterial and fungal taxonomic diversities.Soil microbial taxonomic diversity gets steadier along vegetation succession and,in early restoration stage of degradation ecosystem in karst area,large but unstable microbial diversity exists in soils.
Food-plant families of British insects and mites: the influence of life form and plant family

Abstract The dissimilarities between 107 British plant families with respect to the insect and mite species which feed on them were analysed using a principal co-ordinates analysis. The relationships between the plant families were strongly influenced by the plant life forms. Major groups were woody plants (trees and shrubs), aquatic plants and herbs. A wet to dry gradient was distinguished, as were evergreen plants, and early successional plant families with weeds and annuals. Taxonomically, plant families of the same order were closer together if they were predominantly of the same life form. Fagales and several orders of monocotyledons formed particularly clear groups. The three ‘nearest neighbours’ of each plant family based on the dissimilarities measures were listed. These provide some interesting, but conjectural, data on evolutionary aspects of plant families. This was illustrated briefly by the Cornaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The underlying progressive evolution of plants from woody species and wetter areas to herbs and annual plants of dry and cold places may be reflected by insect and mite food plant family associations.
Rock and popular music : politics, policies, institutions

Contributors: Mavis Bayton, Jody Berland, Georgina Born, Marcus Breen, Reebee Garafolo, Line Grenier, Ross Harley, Steve Jones, Chris Lawe-Davies, Krister Malm, Paul Rutten, Will Straw, Roger Wallis, Peter Wicke
Topological and power characteristics of supercoiled DNA

The methods of elasticity theory were used to simulate topological properties of supercoiled DNA. A mechanism of realization of topological restrictions for supercoiled DNA was established. A possibility of transition from right hand to left hand DNA in strand molecules was theoretically proved. Influence of a corner strand on topological characteristics of a molecule was investigated. The parameters of force contact interaction in branches strand were defined.
Caloric Restriction and Toxicity

Caloric Restriction and Toxicity. Hart, R. W. , Keenan, K. , Turturro, A. , Abdo, K. M. Leakey, J., Lyn-Cook, B. (1995). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 25, 184-195. The modulatory effects of caloric intake on the rate and extent of both spontaneous and induced disease incidence is well known, but the significance of these effects in the interpretation of testing data has only recently become appreciated. This is especially true relative to the impact of caloric intake on both survival and background incidence for common tumors. In order to enhance the health and survival of animals ongoing chronic toxicity testing it has been suggested that such tests should restrict food consumption. Although this restriction will result in increasing survival of the test animals, it may also effect the expression of toxicity by altering agent metabolism and disease progression. Focus in this symposium is on the necessity to control dietary consumption in toxicity tests (dietary control), and if such a need does exist to what level of consumption should be diet be focused (caloric restriction).
Asymptotic Efficiency of Nonparametric Tests

Introduction 1. Asymptotic efficiency of statistical tests and mathematical means for its computation 2. Asymptotic efficiency of nonparametric goodness-of-fit tests 3. Asymptotic efficiency of nonparametric homogeneity tests 4. Asymptotic efficiency of nonparametric symmetry tests 5. Asymptotic efficiency of nonparametric independence tests 6. Local asymptotic optimality of nonparametric tests and the characterisation of distributions.
Study on geographic population differentiation of cotton apphid,Aphis gossypii,using repeat sequence primers PCR.

The PCR technique with repeat sequence primers was used to analyze the DNA polymorphisms in populations of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, collected from 3 locations in China.The result showed that DNA polymorphisms were not obvious among populations collected in same location. However, those were more obvious among populations collected in different areas. This technique can conduct further geographic population differentation study of cotton aphid, with differentiation among populations that collected in same area ignored.
Notes on selenium in mushrooms data determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG–AAS) techniques

This manuscript discusses the credibility of the selenium in mushroom data generated using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES) compared to that from hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG–AAS). Selenium (Se) was determined by two methods: one was the widely applied and well validated hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG– AAS) that was a reference method, while the validity of using the ICP–AES was tested. We found that Se determination in fungal and plant materials by ICP–AES gives inaccurate and imprecise results. Hence, reports of rather high concentrations of Se determined by ICP–AES for mushrooms that do not accumulate Se or that have not emerged at selenoferous areas should be treated with caution, because such data could be highly biased.
Design and Fabrication of Small-Scale Supersonic Wind Tunnel

Supersonic commercial air travel is on the rise. As a result, the study of aerodynamics is becoming more important in the understanding of the forces an object experiences as it moves through air. Research in the field of supersonic technology is scarce due to the need of large facilities such as supersonic wind tunnel. Thus, creating something that would benefit the research community in the aerospace and aviation field is integral to an academic progress of the subject. Supersonic flow testing facilities are required to safely and efficiently observe structures as they undergo a flow stream faster than the speed of sound. These large-scale testing wind tunnel facilities can be interpreted as subcomponents consisting of a compression chamber, a diaphragm, convergentdivergent nozzle, testing chamber, and a flow diffuser section. A smaller scale supersonic wind tunnel facility will be advantageous for future research to understand the design and analysis of aerodynamic flow above Mach 1.
β-Elemene from Curcuma zedoaria Endophytic Fungus

β-Elemene was found in the metabolites of endophytic fungi,Penicillium frequentans(EF03) and P. baarnense(EF11),which isolated from Curcuma zedoaria.In the microecosystem of Curcuma zedoaria,gene horizontal transmission may take place due to interaction of endophytic fungi and the plant for a long time.So endophytic fungi gave rise to the same secondary metabolites as their host.
Successful Cultivation of Spleen Fragments in Organ Culture.∗

Summary A new modification of the organ culture technic has been described utilizing glass beakers, Teflon® rings and lens paper. It is relatively simple and easily adapted to large-scale use. Mouse spleen fragments cultivated by this method demonstrated early loss of follicular pattern, degeneration of lymphocytes and proliferation of reticulum cells. After 2 weeks of cultivation new lymphoid follicles formed and by 4 weeks follicular pattern was well established, with appearance of lymphocytes in all stages of development. In addition, plasma cells, megakaryocytes and reticulum cells were present and at the periphery, which was partially surrounded by a fibrous capsule, there were present numerous macrophages containing hemoglobin pigment.
In Vivo Immunopotentiating Effects of Cellular Components from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis

Cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (heat-killed whole cells, cytoplasm, and cell walls) were tested for their in vivo immunopotentiating activity. Peritoneal macrophages from mice orally administered with heat-killed whole cells exhibited significantly greater phagocytic activity than the groups administered with cell-wall fraction or cytoplasm fraction. The cytotoxicity of natural-killer cells was the highest in the group administered with whole cells, and the production of cytokines (IFN-y, IL-2, and IL-12) in spleen cells was significantly higher, when cellular components were injected, and it tended to be higher in the cell-wall and cytoplasm groups than in the whole-cell group. Interestingly, the cytokine production of Peyer's patch cells was high, when cytoplasm fractions were administered. These results demonstrate that whole cells and cytoplasm and cell-wall fractions of L. lactis ssp. lactis have immunopotentiating activities, which are related to the stimulation of Peyer's patches.
Microtine cycles: the role of habitat heterogeneity

We offer two hypotheses incorporating habitat patchiness to account for microtine cycles. Both emphasize the role of immigrants in generating microtine cycles. The first, the predation hypothesis, assumes that voles and grass are engaged in predatorvictim oscillations and that the voles are equally proficient predators in habitats of differing productivity. It is shown how this may lead to cyclic populations in richer habitats. The second hypothesis, the phenological hypothesis, assumes that voles track their resources by responding to stimulants and inhibitors in the plants which signal periods of plant growth. Because of patchiness, the optimally sensitive vole in one area is different from one in another. Immigration prevents precise local adaptation, and voles sometimes breed at inappropriate times. This overloads food quality causing its decline, followed by vole decline and selection against sensitivity to the plant stimulants. Cycles result. Comparison of the hypotheses with previous results suggests the phenological hypothesis is more probable.
The invasion of exotic plants and effects of ecosystems

The invasions of exotic plants and their effects of ecosystems were reviewed and analyzed.There are many factors which can effect plant invasions.Some of them can promote invasions of plants,while other factors can inhibit invasions.All factors can be divided into internal factors and external ones.The effects of exotic species to ecosystems are mainly on the productivity,soil,water,disturbance,community structure and dynamics.We should research the characters and effect factors of exotic plants,then integrated approach can be couducted to control the plant invasion.The exotic species behaviors and life cycle should be clarified before its introduction for safety.
Aortic aneurysm morphology for planning endovascular aortic grafts: limitations of conventional imaging methods.

PURPOSE: To test whether conventional computed tomography scanning (CT) and contrast aortography (CA) provide adequate data for planning endovascular aortic grafting by measuring 33 parameters in patients having both imaging examinations for evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients with AAA (41 men, 9 women; average age 65 years) had CT and CA (mean 26 days between exams). The data collected and analyzed included: 8 sites of diameter, 4 lengths, 6 angles, and 15 other dimensional measurements. RESULTS: Conflicts between CA and CT data were common. Eighteen patients appeared to have a distal cuff by CA but not by CT. Proximal neck length could not be assessed by CT in 5 and had a difference between CA and CT > 1 cm in 25 patients. CA overestimated neck length in 11 patients. Common iliac artery angulation > 60 degrees unilaterally in 27 patients and bilaterally in 5. Seven patients had both iliac aneurysm and > 60 degree iliac angulation. Thirteen patients had one or more iliac aneurysms (> 2 cm) shown by CT but not by CA. CONCLUSIONS: For endovascular graft planning: (1) more detailed measurement is required than for traditional surgery; and (2) conventional CT and CA are complementary imaging studies, but each has important limitations.
Levels of Technology Implementation (LoTi): A Framework for Measuring Classroom Technology Use.

Since the introduction of the Apple IIe computer in the early 1980s, the term " technology " has represented a broad range of interests and has been the subject of numerous interpretations. In school systems nationwide , technology has been the focus of curriculum renewal projects and school funding debates. It has been the rallying cry for leading many school districts into the 21st century. Our fascination with technology stems, in large degree, from its ambiguity within existing paradigms. Does technology represent things, like computers, modems, pencils, microscopes, and televisions; words or ideas, like " progress " and " change " ; processes, like animal breeding and voting ; or delivery systems, like expert systems and novice systems? Each perspective on technology has its unique attributes and leads the individual to different conclusions and implementation strategies. Attempts in the early 1980s to bring technology into education involved the creation of computer literacy classes at the elementary and secondary levels. From region to region, these courses were quite similar in their offerings—they taught students about the parts of the computer, keyboarding fundamentals, word processing, drill-and-practice applications , and introductory programming. Even with the exponential advances in electronic technology, their legacy can still be found today in the guise of integrated learning systems and central word processing and remediation labs. As one observes the current uses of computer technology nationwide, a few distinct patterns emerge. • Staff development opportunities for teachers to explore the potential of computer technology are oftentimes insufficient and misdirected. • Most computer technology is used for isolated activities unrelated to a central instructional theme, concept, or topic. • The use of the computer is often one step removed from the classroom teacher. • Technology is used to sustain the existing curricula rather than serve as a catalyst for change. • The majority of district or site technology plans do not establish a significant link between the need for technology and identifiable instructional priorities (e.g., emphasizing higher order thinking skills or restructuring the science and mathematics curriculum). Instead, they emphasize a need to meet a vaguely defined computer/student ratio or establish districtwide local area networks. At best, the role of technology has complemented the conventional instructional curriculum and its corresponding emphasis on expository teaching, traditional verbal activities, sequential instructional materials, and evaluation practices characterized by multiple-choice, short-answer, and true-or-false responses. When planning staff development targeting classroom integration of technology …
Immunization with the recombinant surface protein rTcSP2 alone or fused to the CHP or ATPase domain of TcHSP70 induces protection against acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection

A surface protein (TcSP2) of Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated alone or fused to the chaperone (CHP) or ATPase (ATP) domains of heat shock protein 70 (TcHSP70) as a vaccine candidate in a murine model for experimental acute T. cruzi infection. BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant proteins rTcSP2, TcSP2-CHP, or rTcSP2-ATP and infected with blood trypomastigotes. rTcSP2 and rTcSP2-ATP induced IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes (mixed Th1- Th2), and rTcSp2-CHP induced IgG2b>IgG2a>IgG1 isotypes, with an IgG2b/IgG1 ratio > 1 (Th1). After immunization and parasite challenge, a 75% decrease in parasitemia was detected in mice immunized with rTcSP2 or rTcSP2-CHP, and a 50% decrease was observed with rTcSP2-ATP. Survival was 100% for animals immunized with rTcSP2 and 75% for those immunized with rTcSP2-CHP or rTcSP2-ATP. Before the parasite challenge, the recombinant proteins promoted increased serum levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ but not IL-4, indicating a Th1-type cellular immune response; these levels increased after the challenge. Histological staining revealed decreased heart tissue damage and little inflammatory cell infiltrate in animals immunized with rTcSP2. The above result indicates that rTcSP2, alone or fused to the TcHSP70 domains, is a potential candidate for the development of a vaccine against Chagas disease.
Forcing vine regrowth and shifting fruit ripening in a warm region to enhance fruit quality in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Summary In warmer regions, winegrapes ripen their fruit during the hottest portion of the growing season, producing wines of high pH, low acidity, less intense colour, and a less complex flavour. Experiments were conducted in a commercial vineyard of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ at Fresno, CA, USA in 2009, and in 2010, to determine if vines could be forced to enhance fruit quality. Forcing was conducted by hedging growing shoots to six nodes and removing summer laterals, leaves, and primary clusters between 14 – 70 d after anthesis in late-May, June, and July. Vines grown under conventional practices were used as controls. Forcing in June shifted fruit ripening from the hot (July and August) to the cool (October through early-November) portion of the growing season, a period with more hours at lower, more favourable temperatures. Fruit from the forced crop had smaller berries, a lower pH, higher acidity, and higher contents of anthocyanins, tannins, and total phenolics, compared with non-forced fruit. The yield and vigour of forced vines were comparable to, or slightly lower than, control vines. The best forcing treatment consisted of hedging growing shoots to six nodes and removing summer laterals, leaves, and primary clusters. Our study demonstrates the potential of forcing to address the detrimental effects of high temperatures on fruit quality in warmer regions of winegrape production.
Role of Chemical Dissolution of Cellulose Membranes in the Appressorial Penetration by Colletotrichum lagenarium

Protein synthesis involved in halo formation on cellulose membranes by appressoria in Colletotrichum lagenarium was investigated and role of halo formation in the penetration into cellulose membranes was clarified. The prosperity and decay of a polypeptide with molecular weight of 95K daltons (P-95), which was synthesized only when appressoria were formed, correlated with those of appearance of haloes on the cellulose membranes and cellulose digestion activity. This fact indicates that the P-95 is closely associated with cellulase, which presumably causes halo formation around the penetration sites. Appressoria formed in the presence of cycloheximide did not form haloes and penetration hyphae, but the penetration peg was observed at the site of contact of the appressorium with membranes. After removal of cycloheximide, these appressoria could elongate penetration hyphae into cellulose membranes in the presence of nutrient. Moreover, halo formation was suppressed when mature appressoria were incubated in the presence of nutrient, whereas the elongation of penetration hyphae was not affeted. These findings suggest that chemical dissolution of cellulose membranes, which causes halo formation, is dependent upon de novo protein synthesis during morphogenesis of appressoria and plays a significant role in supplying nutrient necessary for the formation of penetration hyphae. (Received January 13, 1983)
Protective effect of puerarin on anoxia-reoxygenation induced cerebral cell injury in culture

Aim To study the protective effect of puerarin(PUE) on cultured cerebral cells injured by anoxia-reoxygenation. Methods The anoxia-reoxygenation injury model were developed, anoxia for 60 min and reoxygenation for 30 min. the effect of PUE on cerebral ultrastructure was observed. [Ca 2+ ]_i was estimated with Adherent Cell Analysis and Sorting 570(ACAS 570) Laser Cytometer and measured with fluorescent dye Fura-2-AM, the lipid fluidity of cellular membrane was determined by fluorescence polarization technique. Results PUE improved the ultra-structure of cerebral cells, dose-dependently decreased[Ca 2+ ]_i and increased the lipid fluidity of cellular membrane. PUE markedly reduced the chromaticity value of pseudo-colour graphic model of Ca 2+ . Conclusion Puerarin has protective effect on anoxia-reoxygenation induced cerebral cell injury. The effect may be mediated by decreasing[Ca 2+ ]_i and increasing the lipid fluidity of cellular membrane.
Beta-catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation

catenin is an ubiquitously distributed protein with multiple functions. It is crucially involved in a variety of biological processes, both during embryonic development and in the adult. This reporte summarized the important roles of beta-catenin in controlling the hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the skin.