Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of stroke in Parkinson's disease: A postmortem study

The results of previous epidemiological studies of the relationship between Parkinson's disease and stroke have been conflicting; some showing a reduced risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke during life, and others indicating an increased likelihood of stroke‐related death. We compared the frequency of cerebral infarcts and haemorrhages at postmortem in 100 cases of pathologically verified idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 100 age‐matched control brains. No significant differences were found in the numbers of infarcts or haemorrhages or stroke‐related deaths between the two groups. Our findings do not indicate either a protective effect against stroke, or a greater susceptibility to death from stroke, in the population studied. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
U-District Job Co-op: constructing a future vision for homeless young people and employment

Addressing the question, how might socio-technical systems help homeless young people to succeed broadly in employment, the purpose of this paper is to present a future vision, the U-District Job Co-op, where youth take on “mini-jobs” offered by neighborhood stakeholders. ,Drawing on value sensitive design, design-based, and qualitative research methods, the Job Co-op is explicated by reporting on three linked studies. ,First, based on empirical research with varied neighborhood stakeholders, barriers and possible solutions to employment for homeless young people are presented. Second, three design insights for shaping a solution space of socio-technical systems for job search are presented and used analytically to examine six existing systems. Third, findings from a co-design study in which homeless young people expressed their understandings for web-based job services explicate the vision of the Job Co-op. ,This study offers a socio-technical approach, grounded in the neighborhood context, for supporting homeless young people in job search and related activities. ,The studies reported in this paper demonstrate how methods for information system design can be used to generate and clarify opportunities for human benefit and for the development of socio-technical systems that account for human values.
A Study using Support Vector Machines to Classify the Sentiments of Tweets

It is difficult to sidestep Big Data today, as the industry is abuzz with its promises. The trend is towards data-driven decision-making in all aspects of businesses because making sense out of data is very profitable and valuable. People tend to use social media, especially Twitter, to tweet about their opinions and sentiments. However, due to the prevalence of data that might be noisy, varied, unfiltered, and the impractical state of manually labeling large number of tweets to train classifiers, data acquisition for training sentiment analysis classifiers is becoming more and more of a challenge. This paper proposes a solution to easily acquire automatically labeled, filtered, and huge training data from Twitter in order to be given as input to a support vector machine classifier. The recommended solution discusses the workaround of unlabeled data through using Twitter hashtags to automatically induct the sentiment of a tweet (positive or negative). Neutral class is trained using tweets generated by newspapers accounts. A test study was conducted to show the accuracy of the applied features on the classifier. As a result, tweets trending on Twitter can now be analyzed to induce their sentiments which helps organizations in future data-driven decisions.
Spinach Thylakoid Polyphenol Oxidase : ISOLATION, ACTIVATION, AND PROPERTIES OF THE NATIVE CHLOROPLAST ENZYME.

Polyphenol oxidase activity (E.C. 1.14.18.1) has been found in two enzyme species isolated from thylakoid membranes of spinach chloroplasts. The proteins were released from the membrane by sonication and purified >900-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzymes appear to be the tetramer and monomer of a subunit with a molecular weight of 42,500 as determined by lithium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The higher molecular weight enzyme is the predominant form in freshly isolated preparations but on aging or further purification, the amount of lower molecular weight enzyme increases at the expense of the higher.Sonication releases polyphenol oxidase from the membrane largely in the latent state. C(18) fatty acids, especially linolenic acid, are potent activators of the enzymic activity. In the absence of added fatty acids, the isolated enzyme spontaneously, but slowly, activates with time.Purified polyphenol oxidase utilizes o-diphenols as substrates and shows no detectable levels of monophenol or p-diphenol oxidase activities. The K(m) values for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and O(2) are 6.5 and 0.065 millimolar, respectively. Suitable substrates include chlorogenic acid, catechol, caffeic acid, pyrogallol, and dopamine; however, the enzyme is substrate-inhibited by the last four at concentrations near their K(m) A large seasonal variation in polyphenol oxidase activity may result from a decrease in enzyme content rather than inhibition of the enzyme present.
LQT2 : amplitude reduction and loss of selectivity in the tail that wags the HERG channel.

Without the ion selectivity of voltage-gated ion channels, excitable cells could not generate more than a few millivolts of resting potential, much less produce action potentials. Even when the loss of selectivity occurs in just one type of K+ channel in the heart, the outcome may be catastrophic, suggests a report in this issue of Circulation Research . 1 A defect in K+ selectivity caused by a mutation near the “signature sequence” in the pore of HERG channel subunits may contribute as a new mechanism to the prolongation of the action potential and the associated susceptibility to life-threatening torsades de pointes arrhythmias. Since chromosome 7-linked long-QT syndrome (LQT2) was first mapped to HERG ,2 a relative of the Drosophila and mammalian eag genes,3 we have learned much about the pathology of the disease and the underlying physiological mechanisms that have gone awry. In heterologous expression systems, the subunits encoded by the wild-type HERG gene assemble to form channels with the functional properties of I Kr,4 5 an unusual repolarizing current first identified by its sensitivity to the antiarrhythmic agent E-4031.6 Our understanding of how I Kr participates in repolarization has emerged largely from voltage-clamp analyses of the remarkable tail currents dominating the HERG current profile. At the positive voltages typically reached at the peak …
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Tap Water

To the Editor: A recently published study by Falkinham (1) showed that 17 (46%) of 37 households were contaminated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) of the same species as those found in patients with lung disease and that 7 (41%) of 17 had the same DNA fingerprint as the patient. One patient’s isolate from sputum matched the isolate found in the shower water. Therefore, the patient’s lung disease was likely acquired by inhalation of aerosols while showering. An isolate from another patient matched the isolate found in tap water. If the patient drank the contaminated water, Mycobacteria avium may have reached the lungs by aspiration because 26% of patients with NTM lung disease have been found to experience gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (2). Even if none of these scenarios was present, however, NTM patient contamination of samples is still likely. Six of the 7 matching households had water heater temperatures <125°C, indicating a negative correlation between NTM growth and temperature. Most M. avium and M. intracellulare are killed in <5 seconds (3) when exposed to 70oC; thus, all NTM species would likely be killed a few seconds after water reached the boiling point. In a recent study, we have shown that Canadian-born persons from ethnic groups from eastern and Southeast Asia were less likely to be colonized with M. avium complex than were other ethnic groups (4). We hypothesized that boiling water before consumption, a common practice in persons from Asia, may have partially protected them against pulmonary colonization. Another protective factor is the low prevalence of GERD in persons from Asia (<7%) (5), compared with 19.8% in white persons from Olmstead County, Minnesota, USA. Future studies like that of Falkinham are needed to determine routes of transmission. Factors to investigate in such studies include the ethnicity of participants and associated predisposing disorders, particularly GERD; culturing of gastric washings; handwashing frequency; and water consumption habits (whether drinking from the bottle, from the tap, or after boiling).
Distance Colouring Without One Cycle Length

We consider distance colourings in graphs of maximum degree at most d and how excluding one fixed cycle of length ℓ affects the number of colours required as d → ∞. For vertex-colouring and t ⩾ 1, if any two distinct vertices connected by a path of at most t edges are required to be coloured differently, then a reduction by a logarithmic (in d) factor against the trivial bound O(dt) can be obtained by excluding an odd cycle length ℓ ⩾ 3t if t is odd or by excluding an even cycle length ℓ ⩾ 2t + 2. For edge-colouring and t ⩾ 2, if any two distinct edges connected by a path of fewer than t edges are required to be coloured differently, then excluding an even cycle length ℓ ⩾ 2t is sufficient for a logarithmic factor reduction. For t ⩾ 2, neither of the above statements are possible for other parity combinations of ℓ and t. These results can be considered extensions of results due to Johansson (1996) and Mahdian (2000), and are related to open problems of Alon and Mohar (2002) and Kaiser and Kang (2014).
Is Man Free To Make Choices for Health?

Abstract This paper is reformatted and reprinted as part of the 40th Anniversary of the American Journal of Health Education. (originally School Health Review) Health Education – Our Heritage series. The original article appeared in the inaugural issue of School Health Review (Volume 1, September 1969, pp. 4-8). At the time, Joseph H. Douglass, Ph.D., was Chief, Interagency Liaison Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Washington, D.C. and was serving as staff director for the 1970 White House Conference on Children and Youth. A commentary on the 2010 relevance to health education of Dr. Douglass' paper immediately follows this reprinted version.
The Role of Food Intolerance in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Adverse reactions to foods can be a significant cause of symptoms in some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, although the contribution of diet is not always easy to recognize. In order to understand why this is so, the problem offood intolerance must first be viewed in a broader perspective. For several decades, food "allergy" has been one ofthe most confused and controversial areas of clinical medicine. Only in recent years have advances in immunology, pharmacology and food science made it possible to begin understanding the diverse manifestations of food reactions and their underlying pathophysiology.1,2 It is now becoming clear that although foods can have adverse effects for a variety of reasons, the vast majority ofthose encountered in clinical practice fall
The “tale” of UmuD and its role in SOS mutagenesis †

Recently, the Escherichia coli umuD and umuC genes have been shown to encode E. coli's fifth DNA polymerase, pol V (consisting of a heterotrimer of UmuD′2C). The main function of pol V appears to be the bypass of DNA lesions that would otherwise block replication by pols I–IV. This process is error‐prone and leads to a striking increase in mutations at sites of DNA damage. While the enzymatic properties of pol V are now only beginning to be fully appreciated, a great deal is known about how E. coli regulates the intracellular levels of the Umu proteins so that the lesion‐bypassing activity of pol V is available to help cells survive the deleterious consequences of DNA damage, yet keeps any unwarranted activity on undamaged templates to a minimum. Our review summarizes the multiple restrictions imposed upon pol V, so as to limit its activity in vivo and, in particular, highlights the pivotal role that the N‐terminal tail of UmuD plays in regulating SOS mutagenesis. BioEssays 24:141–148, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exhibition's BnB: Intelligent badges and booths for fairs and exhibits

People and companies occupy booths and exhibition areas during fairs and expos. However, visitors may have a difficult time finding where are businesses they are interested on. One way to optimize visitation to fairs and exhibitions would be adoption of intelligent booths, capable of deducting one's interests and pointing locations of suggested projects and products chosen for that specific person. This work describes the architecture and the resources needed to implement such system based on Internet of Things principles.
Four-dimensional signaling for bandlimited channels

In this paper we discuss multidimensional signaling for transmission over the satellite channel, i.e., a bandlimited radio channel with nonlinearities. We derive a set of basis signals that are orthogonal and whose bandwidth occupancy is minimal, in the sense that they maximize the power inside a fixed frequency interval (/spl minus/B, B). Since we remove the assumption that the signals be confined in one symbol interval, the concept of orthogonality must be revisited. We design basis signals that satisfy the following requirements: (a) When passed through their matched filter, the sample sequence has no intersymbol interference; (b) when passed through the filter matched to another basis signal, the sample sequence has no interchannel interference, and (c) their bandwidth occupancy is minimum. The performance of four-dimensional signals designed according to this criterion is evaluated in terms of bandwidth occupancy and error probability over nonlinear satellite channels. Comparisons with two-dimensional modulation schemes (in particular QPSK) are also made. >
Quantitative MRI in a non‐surgical model of cervical spinal cord injury

Quantitative T2 (qT2), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and histology were used to investigate a cervical model of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the rat. While quantitative MRI can significantly increase the specificity in the presence of pathology, it must be validated for each type of injury or disease. In the case of traumatic SCI most models are difficult to image, either due to the location of the injury, or as a result of damage to surrounding tissues resulting from invasive surgical procedures. In this study a non‐surgical cervical model of SCI, produced using a combination of focused ultrasound and microbubbles, was used to produce pathology similar to that seen in models of contusive and compressive injuries. qT2 and DTI were performed at 24 h and 1 and 2 weeks following injury, and compared with H&E and luxol fast blue histology. In the injured spinal cord, in addition to intra/extracellular (I/E) water and myelin water in white matter, qT2 revealed a large component with very short T2 of about 3 ms, which was highly correlated with the presence of hemorrhage in both gray and white matter at 24 h, and with the presence of hemosiderin in gray matter at 2 weeks following injury. The T2 of the I/E water peak was also elevated at 24 h in both gray and white matter, which was correlated with the presence of vacuolation/edema on histology. Cystic cavities were only seen at the 1 or 2 week timepoints, and were correlated with the presence of a water peak with T2 > 250 ms. No significant changes in diffusivity parameters were observed. Pathologies were often co‐occurring, with opposite effects on the average T2 in a given voxel, reducing the visibility of injured tissue on standard T2‐weighted MR images. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rev-Map: A Direct Gateway from Classical Irreversible Network to Reversible Network

We present an efficient way to realize reversible circuits directly from irreversible gate level descriptions, avoiding a search for reversible specifications of the original functions. In our scheme Toffoli-based implementation of classical gates can be used in topological order mapping. The method is then extended by introducing the notion of super cells, to reduce the number of extraneous bits and gate count. Our experimental results illustrate the impact of super cells on the size of the resulting reversible circuit. The results are better than previously proposed methods and BDD-based reversible synthesis approach.
Challenges to Managing Air Pollution

There is never enough money, time, or resources to do all the things that need to be done—a statement that is true both for governments and individuals. For governments, this fact implies that (1) priorities need to be established; (2) goals are essential to be set to address these priorities, partly with an eye toward maximizing the net benefits to society; and (3) policies need to be implemented to reach those goals efficiently and effectively. In this article, major challenges of managing air pollution in each of these areas are examined.
Optic Neuritis: Evaluation of Risk Factors

Eighty-six patients with monosymptomatic optic neuritis of unknown cause were followed prospectively for a median period of 12.9 years. At onset, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis was present in 46 patients (53%) but oligoclonal immunoglobulin in only 40 (47%) of the patients. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2 was present in 45 (52%). Clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) was established in 33 patients. Actuarial analysis showed that the cumulative probability of developing MS within 15 years was 45%. Three risk factors were identified: low age and abnormal CSF at onset, and early recurrence of optic neuritis. Female gender, onset in the winter season, and the presence of HLADR2 antigen increased the risk for MS, but not significantly. Magnetic resonance imaging detected bilateral discrete white matter lesions, similar to those in MS, in 11 of 25 patients, 7 to 18 years after the isolated attack of optic neuritis. Nine were among the 13 with abnormal CSF and only 2 belonged to the group of 12 with normal CSF (p = 0.01). Normal CSF at the onset of optic neuritis conferred better prognosis but did not preclude the development of MS.
Corneal ulcer: diagnosis and management.

Corneal scar is a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness in the developing world. Corneal infections are responsible for a large proportion of this scarring. A review of the data on indications for corneal transplantation in the developing world revealed that corneal scar was the most common indication (28.1%), of which keratitis accounted for 50.5%. Besides this, about 12.2% of all grafts were done for active infectious keratitis.1 Thus suppurative keratitis and its complications constitute important causes of ocular morbidity, particularly in the developing world. Almost any organism can invade the corneal stroma if the normal corneal defence mechanisms, i.e., lids, tear film and corneal epithelium are compromised. While viral infections are the leading cause of corneal ulcer in the developed nations (with Acanthamoeba infection in contact lens wearers), bacteria, fungi and Acanthamoebae are important aetiological agents in the developing world. The spectrum of corneal pathogens shows a wide geographical variation. At L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 71.9% of all cases of ulcerative keratitis were culture positive. Of the culture positive cases 63.9% were bacterial, 33% were fungal, 2.1% were parasitic, and 6.2% were due to mixed infection. Various organisms isolated from cases of infectious keratitis are shown in Table ​Table11. Table 1 Various Isolates from Cases of Infectious Keratitis. L V Prasad Eye Institute: January 1991 – December 1998 (n=2655) In this article we focus on the diagnosis and management of suppurative corneal ulcer.
Brussel Development of a 2 D-thermal model of three battery chemistries

The growing need for accurate estimation of b By fitting attery’s thermal and electrical performances at different operating conditions are crucial in its applications especially in electrified vehicles. This paper presents an effective method for developing a thermal and electrical modelling methodology for calculation thermal behavior of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell and the voltage response under a current solicitation. The model was elaborated on three pouch cells with different battery chemistries for use in electrical vehicles/hybrid electrical vehicles, namely: lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium titanium oxide (LTO). The model, implemented in a Matlab/Simulink interface, uses an equivalent circuit and heat generation equations coupled a thermal model. The three cell chemistries have been investigated using test procedures and thermal images at room temperature. The results of this study show that a temperature distribution to be fairly uniform after a complete discharge for the three chemistries with the lowest temperature gradient found for the LTO-based cell. Finally, comparison between simulation results and measured data under a dynamic profiles shows a good correspondence with the measurements of the validation tests with errors lying between ±4% and 2°C for the electrical and thermal model, respectively. Keywords—Entropy, thermal model, LFP, LTO, NMC, temperature predictions.
Thermal imaging for autonomous vehicle in outdoor scenes

Describes methods that use thermal imaging techniques for identifying different types of materials in outdoor scenes. First, the author analyzes how computer vision techniques applied to thermal images allow discriminating materials such as rock and sand. Second, he presents the model developed to calculate the temperature of materials. By applying this model, he shows that it is possible to determine a physical characteristic of the material, the thermal inertia. Third, as an application, he examines how an autonomous robot can use these techniques to explore other planets. In particular, he shows how a legged robot can use thermal inertia and so select where to place its foot next or which material to sample. <<ETX>>
First trimester multivitamin/mineral use is associated with reduced risk of pre-eclampsia among overweight and obese women.

The use of pregnancy-specific multivitamin supplements is widely recommended to support maternal homeostasis during pregnancy. Our objective was to investigate whether multivitamin use during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of pre-eclampsia. The effect of multivitamin use on incidence of pre-eclampsia in lean and overweight/obese women was analysed using data collected between 2006 and 2011 as part of the Environments for Healthy Living Project, Griffith University, Australia. A total of 2261 pregnancies were included in the analysis with pre-eclampsia reported in 1.95% of subjects. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 was associated with a 1.97-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 4.16] increase in pre-eclampsia risk. First trimester multivitamin use was reported by 31.8% of women and after adjustment, was associated with a 67% reduction in pre-eclampsia risk (95%CI: 0.14, 0.75). Stratification by BMI demonstrated a 55% reduction in pre-eclampsia risk (95%CI: 0.30, 0.86) in overweight (BMI: 25-29.9) and 62% risk reduction (95%CI: 0.16, 0.92) in obese (BMI: ≥30) cohorts that supplemented with multivitamins in the first trimester of pregnancy. This finding may be particular to the Australian population and reflect inherent nutritional deficits. First trimester folate supplementation was found to reduce pre-eclampsia incidence [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 0.42 95%CI: 0.13, 0.98] and demonstrated significance upon stratification by overweight status for women with BMI >25 (AOR 0.55 95%CI: 0.31, 0.96). These results support the hypothesis that multivitamin supplementation may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy and be of particular importance for those with a BMI ≥25.