Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probiotic Characteristics of Some Bifidobacteria and Leuconostoc Strains and Growth Behavior of the Selected Strains with Different Prebiotics.

The present study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of some lactic acid bacteria and select the candidates to be used as probiotic bacteria with some prebiotics in the functional foods. Ten of Bifidobacteria and Leuconostoc strains (8 Bifidobacteria and 2 Leuconostoc) were screened for their probiotic potential. The in vitro tests included survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions (low pH, pepsin, bile salts, and phenol), resistance to 6 antibiotics and antimicrobial activity (against Escherichia coli 0157: H7 ATCC 6933, Bacillus cereus ATCC 33018, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 20231, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Listeria monocytogenes V7 serotype 1). Five selected strains were B. adolescentis a-1, B. longum BB-536, B. longum b-1, B. bifidum Bb 12 and L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides B-512f demonstrated the highest final population (≥ 8 log cfu/ml) after exposure to MRSc broth (pH 3) for 3 hrs or when grown in MRSc medium with 0.3% pepsin at pH 3 and after incubation for 24 hr in MRSc medium with 3% bile salts or incubation for 48 hr in MRSc medium with 0.3% phenol. All tested strains exhibited high resistance to four antibiotics (e. g. Amikacin, Norfloxacin, Cefadroxil and Cefoperazone). The other antibiotics, Rifampicin and Oxytetracycline inhibited all five selected strains. Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides B-512f had the lowest sensitivity to both Oxytetracycline and Rifampicin compared to the other five selected strains. The cell free supernatant of B. adolescentis a-1 retarded growth of all pathogenic indicators whereas, B. longum b-1 and Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides B-512f retarded growth of all pathogenic indicators except Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 20231 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 respectively. B. bifidum Bb 12 retarded growths of all pathogenic indicators except Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 20231 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 while B. longum BB-536 retarded growth Escherichia coli 0157: H7 ATCC 6933 and Listeria monocytogenes V7 serotype 1 only. The aforementioned five strains stimulated with Inulin and Fructooligosaccharide at 5% for each, while Lactulose was stimulant for B. adolescentis a-1 and Leu. subsp. mesenteroides B-512f without the others strains. Therefore, these strains could be selected for use as probiotics with Inulin or Fructooligosaccharide as prebiotics in functional foods.
Formulation and evaluation of topical niosomal gel of baclofen

The aim of the present study was to formulate topical gel containing baclofen niosomes. Baclofen is a direct agonist at GAPAB receptors with an anti-inflammatory effect. Baclofen has narrow therapeutic index and many gastrointestinal side effects. The current market products of baclofen are intrathecal injection and oral tablets which cause many problems after their administration, Thus, niosomal formulations as carriers for the topical delivery of baclofen will prolong the contact time and increase the permeability through the skin so improve its, as anti-inflammatory. The baclofen niosomes were prepared by altering the ratios between various non-ionic surfactants (Span 60, 40), cholesterol and charge inducing agents using thin film hydration method, the prepared niosomal formulations were evaluated for their encapsulation efficiency and maximum entrapment efficiency attained a maximum value of 80.31%, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, particle size analysis, zeta potential analysis and in vitro release after 24 hours. The maximum cumulative release percentage was between 65.55%. Two gelling agents were used for the preparation of various baclofen gels and baclofen niosomal gels, in vitro permeation studies. Our results suggested that the niosomal delivery of baclofen in carbopol gel base acts as a suitable topical drug delivery system.
Large-eddy simulation of the ice shelf-ocean boundary layer and
heterogeneous refreezing rate by sub-ice shelf plume

Abstract. The role of the refreezing effect in the ice shelf–ocean boundary layer (IOBL) flow with a super-cooled, plume beneath the ice shelf is investigated using the large-eddy simulation. To reveal the detailed physical processes and characteristics of the IOBL flow, a model domain is initialized and forced by in situ observations and a comparison is made between two simulations, one with the refreezing effect and one without. The simulated velocity, potential temperature, and salinity field are validated with in situ observations performed in Terra Nova Bay in the western Ross Sea in 2016/2017, confirming that the vertical structures in the simulation results agree well with observations. In particular, it is evident that, when the refreezing effect is considered, the IOBL flow can be more realistically resolved, especially upward advection from the sub-ice shelf plume and the ice front eddy. Beneath the ice shelf, two district regions (the inner and outer regions) are identified based on flow characteristics and the refreezing pattern. In the inner region, stratification and stable conditions are observed with negative momentum flux and low refreezing rates. Meanwhile, in the outer region, high shear impact and unstable conditions with a heat flux of −9 to −52 W m−2 are observed, demonstrating the high refreezing rate and the entrainment of super-cooled water from the sub-ice shelf plume. A total of 94 % of the refreezing events occur in the outer region, with a maximum refreezing rate of 1.86 m yr−1 at the ice front.
LATE QUATERNARY DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS ON THE SOUTHERN MARMARA SHELF

In this study, 182 smticinl sediment samples have been used to investigate the characteristics of sedimentary· depositional envirmm1ents on the southem Mannara shelf. Grain size analyses revealed the presence of. at least. three distinct depositional zones where sediments contained relatively high sand and gravel components partly derived from the remains of benthic organisms, Zone I extends from the Bozbunm Peninsula in the east to the west ofl' imrah Island in the west Zone 2 extends from the east off Mannara Island to the east off Kap1dag Peninsula. Zone 3 eXtends from west of Maniulra Island towards southwest. The sediments of these three zones grade into fine-grained mud both in nearshore and offshore directions. The presence of ridge-like an~ high bottom reliefs, based on batl1ytnetric profiles, further suggest that these zones could be relict features such as fonner shorelines resulted from the last sea-level changes. Due to lack of data, possible influences of neotectonics remain questionable. Zone 3 seems to be controlled by a complex of mechanisms. Further investigations are underway. * Corresponding author. Affiliated with Erdemli Institute of Marine Sciences, :METU, P.K. 28 Erdemli, lvel 33731.
Revision of the Clytra subfasciata species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Clytrini)

The Clytra subfasciata species group is proposed, to comprise Clytra subfasciata Lacordaire, 1848, C. hajeki Medvedev & Kantner, 2002 and C. kadleci sp. n. (Yemen). The species of the group are characterised by the peculiar shape of the aedeagus, with a dorsal plate separated from the rest of aedeagus by a deep narrow slit. Colour photographs of habitus and drawings of genitalia are provided for all three species. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6706A76-CD49-4A5A-A109-A6E6C23514A5
Character strengths-based interventions: Open questions and ideas for future research

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of character strengths-based interventions for fostering well-being. However, there are still several open questions. The present article discusses some of the most important questions. We review the current body of research and provide ideas and possible future directions on issues such as: Should interventions be generic or personalized? What strengths should be addressed in a strengths-based intervention? What is the role of signature strengths? Do strengths-based interventions change the level of character strengths? How can you justify strengths-based interventions? We conclude that increasing knowledge has not tempered but rather has heightened the initial high expectations on the important contribution of strengths-based interventions in research and practice, but still much work remains to be done.
Cancer Chemoprevention by Flavonoids, Dietary Polyphenols and Terpenoids

The world population is aging, and cancer is always considered to be one of the major causes of death all over the globe. The advent of recent drug-targeted therapies undoubtedly is going to reduce the incidence of cancer over the coming years. However, the frequency of occurrence of such chronic diseases like cancer would continue to increase. Therefore, the search for a safer and cost-effective treatment is urgently needed. Phytochemicals found in plants, foods, vegetables, tea, etc. have emerged as proven therapeutic compounds modulating signaling pathways involved in cancer. We carried out a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature using the keywords: cancer chemoprevention, flavonoids, dietary polyphenols, terpenoids, bioactive, microbiota. Quality of the retrieved papers and characteristic outcomes of the articles included in the study was assessed by employing standard tools and deductive qualitative content analysis methodology. The development of personalized supplements comprising particular phytochemicals has been the key, especially dealing with chronic inflammatory disorders like cancer. Better understanding at the molecular level explains the influence of phytochemicals on human health, which has been extensively covered through this review. Moreover, the wide collection of dietary polyphenols that has significant properties in reference to human health has been highlighted. Furthermore, the etiology of end products of such phytochemicals, especially on the modulation of gut microbiota and the host-microbial interactions thereof, need to be properly understood. The present study summarizes the chemoprevention and treatment of cancer using the bioactive components, including flavonoids, dietary polyphenols, and terpenoids. Likewise, the effect of dietary polyphenols on the human gut microbiota has been realized more recently. However, more research is needed in this field, especially focused on the communications, interlinks between the gut microbiota and polyphenols with the precise mechanism of action.
Text Categorization Features Automatic Extraction Method Using Chi-squared Statistic

컴퓨터 과학이 발달하면서 웹(www)과 같은 매 일 대량의 정보들이 만들어지고 있는 현대의 문 서들에 대한 검색에서 각 문서분류에서 유용한 단어를 파악하는 것은 매우 유용한 일이다. 문서 의 분류란 정해진 분류체계 하에서 분류하고자 하는 각 문헌들을 가장 적합한 카테고리에 배정 함으로써 문헌을 집단화하는 작업이다[1]. 분류된 문서에 포함된 어휘들은 문서 분류의 정보를 가 지고 있으며, 문서가 가진 정보를 표현한다. 문서 자동 분류는 문서의 검색 및 문서에서 데 이터 추출 등의 다양한 서비스에 적용되어 사용 될 수 있다[2]. 문서 자동 분류에서는 분류 자질 선정방식에 따라 분류정확도가 서로 달라질 수 있으며, 대부 분의 문서 자동 분류에서는 학습이나 통계 혹은 확률 자료에 의한 것과 키워드들간의 관계를 벡 터수치로 표현하고 적용하여 문서를 분류하고 있 다[3]. 각 문서의 분류에서 사용되는 키워드는 문 서 분류에 중요한 단초를 제시한다. 본 논문에서는 문서에서 추출된 단어의 출현 여부와 관련이 없는 분류에서의 단어 출현여부를 측정하여 가중치 점수를 부여하여, 각 단어의 해 당 분류에 대한 기대치와 관측치를 측정하는 카 이 제곱 통계량을 이용한 유용한 단어를 자동으 로 추출하는 방법을 제안하고, 그를 위한 모듈을 개발한다. 2장에서는 문서의 범주화와 관련된 자질로 단 어를 선택하는 관련 연구에 대해 논의하고, 3장에 서는 카이스퀘어제곱 통계량에 의한 자동 추출 방법을 제안하고 성능 향상을 위한 방안을 모색 한다. 마지막으로 4장에서 결론 및 향후 연구 과 제를 정리한다.
Early learnings for South Africa’s coronavirus-linked recession

The potential public health consequences of Covid-19 have led governments around the globe to take extraordinary measures to protect citizens’ health and their countries’ health systems. Covid-19 and the associated lockdown decisions have created severe restrictions on the supplyand demand-sides of the South African economy which are likely to deepen the existing recession. There is a large body of international evidence on the relationship between economic recessions and mortality but lit tle of it focuses on lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). On balance international evidence points to recessions leading to a short-term increase in mortality in LMICs, due mainly to unemployment and loss of income. The channels for and types of mortality and ill health are complex and varied. In LMICs and in South Africa specifically, health areas that are likely to be most impacted include infectious diseases (e.g. HIV and TB), non-communicable diseases including preventable cancers, and child health. Data from the NIDS-CRAM Wave 1 survey show that child hunger and general hunger are at high levels and are concerning for future health impacts, in particular, for infectious diseases and child health. A number of policy recommendations are shared that can mitigate the impacts of the economy on health.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SPORT, MOTIVATION FOR SPORT, GENERAL HEALTH, SATISFACTION WITH WORK AND LIFE IN SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES

The basic aim of the research was to discover the meaning of sport, its value among the soldiers and officers and its motivational effect and the correlation between sport in the army and general health and satisfaction with work and life. We tried to research the positive effects of sport on the work efficiency in Slovenian Armed Forces. We isolate the motiv and value sport among all values to explore the possibilities how to stimulate motivation for sport activity in the army. Different well known sport psychological measurements and tests have been used such as Self motivation Inventory, Participation (in sport) Motivation Inventory, Values Scale, Work Motivation, General Health Questionnaire, Attitudes Toward Sport, The Scale of Intension to Leave Work in Army, Work Efficency Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Body Mass Index and others. 141 subjecs were involved into the researh (75 sodiers and 66 officers in Slovenian Armed Forces). The results showed many useful data. Body Mass index is positively related to the years, employed in Slovenian Armed Forces. There is a positive connection between attitudes toward sport and general health and satisfaction in work. There is also a positive connection between sport attitudes and work efficiency. The main sport motive for the employers in Slovenian Armed Forces are: they like friendship and brotherhood through sport, they want to stay fit and they want to learn new sport skills. Those, who want to stay employed in Slovenian Armed Forces, they also have more positive attitudes toward sport. Through these results we can confirm very positive effects of sport on the general life and work in the Army. New researches should follow to discover more directions for practical suggestions.
Predicting the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament with Machine Learning

As the popularity of the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament grows, so have bracket competitions, with nearly 19 million people attempting to predict the game outcomes of the 2017 tournament. With billions of dollars at stake to reward correct predictions, many people are turning to platforms based on machine learning models to construct their brackets. To develop an understanding of which attributes and techniques are essential for developing the most accurate predictions for each game played during the tournament, this paper analyzes Adaptive Boosting, K-Nearest Neighbors, Na¨ıve Bayes, Neural Network, logistic regression, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest learning models. In training the models on both classiﬁcation and win probabilities, each method could be evaluated based on accuracy, bracket score, and log loss; based on these metrics, the regression, neural net, and random forest models performed exceptionally well. The neural net predicted outcomes with 80% accuracy while regression scored the lowest log loss. The random forest model constructed the highest-scoring bracket, earning 900 points for the 2017 tournament, well above the average score of human participants, 715.4.
Passivity-Based L2-Gain Adaptive Control for Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicles

Battery/Supercapacitor(SC) current tracking control is a key issue for hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in electric vehicles. An innovative passivity-based L2-gain adaptive control (PBL2AC) based on port-controlled Hamiltonian model with dissipativity (PCHD) for reference current tracking and bus voltage stability in HESS is presented. The developed PCHD model has considered both parameter variations and external disturbances. By using L2-gain disturbance attenuation, the PBL2AC ensures robust reference current tracking and stable bus voltage. Moreover, adaptive mechanism is adopted to estimate the electrical parameters. To validate the proposed control scheme for HESS, simulations and experiments were done and compared with traditional PID and sliding mode control under several typical driving cycles, and results show that the effectiveness of the proposed controller can be confirmed.
Hesitant fuzzy information aggregation with a prioritization relationship between attributes

This paper proposes a method to determine weight vector of attributes with linear prioritization relationship and the assessment values are represented by hesitant fuzzy elements. The weight associated with an attribute depends upon the satisfaction of an alternative for the higher priority attribute. First, some hesitant fuzzy prioritized aggregation operators are defined and their desirable properties are discussed. These proposed operators can capture the prioritization phenomenon among the aggregated hesitant fuzzy elements. Then, we develop a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method based on the proposed operators in hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, a practical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method and make a comparative analysis on generalized hesitant fuzzy prioritized aggregation operators in decision-making.
Mortality of Navel Orangeworm in a Low Oxygen Atmosphere

Various stages of Paramyelois transitella (Walker) were exposed to a modified atmosphere (O2< 1%, CO2 9–9.5%, balance principally N2) produced by an exothermic inert atmosphere generator. Exposure times required for 50 or 95% mortality showed that mature larvae, pupae, and 0-, to 1-day-old eggs were more tolerant while young larvae, adults, and eggs ready to hatch were more susceptible. The generated atmosphere was more toxic at 27° than at 18°C. Pupae, 30 days from the oviposition period, were the most tolerant stage with LT95 values of 38.3 h at 27°C and 145 h at 18°C. Sublethal exposures of adult navel orangeworms to the generated atmosphere significantly reduced the number of progeny produced by surviving adults.
Using Experiments to Foster Innovation and Improve the Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency Programs

Much of the remaining economically justifiable energy efficiency potential lies in changing the behavior of energy users – in particular, changing the decisions that they make about adopting energy-efficient technologies and practices, and in changing the ways in which they use energy (e.g., lifestyle changes). A review of the literature in psychology, sociology, social psychology and behavioral economics suggests that some behavioral science-based approaches to improving the acceptance of energy-efficient products in the market show great promise. However, this promise has yet to be realized because practical field experiments are required to discover what works and what does not work and why, and these experiments have not been conducted.
Influence of Breastfeeding Pattern on Cardiovascular Disease Risks During Adulthood: A Review

Infant feeding is thought to modulate cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. This possible association between patterns of feeding with development of cardiovascular disease later in life provides the opportunity for early intervention and prevention strategies. Among all the feeding methods applied, breastfeeding is thought to be the best method and is said to be attributable to future health benefits. However, current evidence from the literature is weak and inconsistent to advocate risk factors management. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide current findings in assessing the association of breastfeeding pattern and risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life. We searched three databases (MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar) from year 2000 to 11 July 2018. Findings on the association between breastfeeding and cardiovascular risk factors are equivocal, although positive trend of beneficial effects of breastfeeding in reducing risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood was reported in majority of the studies. Future research should address all limitations that were identified by previous studies such as bias of study design and heterogeneity of samples to establish the association between breastfeeding pattern and cardiovascular disease in later life.
Sensitivity of invasion speed to dispersal and demography: an application of spreading speed theory to the green crab invasion on the northwest Atlantic coast

Spreading speed theory provides a mathematical tool to analyze the demography and dispersal of invasive species. Based on biological records, the secondary spread of the European green crab Carcinus maenas has maintained a relatively consistent rate of advance for over 100 yr, covering a wide range of temperate latitudes and local hydrological environments along the Atlantic coast of North America. We employed a discrete-time model to investigate the green crab’s spreading speed and the relationship between demography and dispersal. The model is an age-structured integro-difference equation that couples a matrix for population growth and a dispersal kernel for spread of individuals within a season. The choice of a Normal or Laplace distribution for the dispersal kernel has only a minimal effect on the spreading speed. Our modeling exercise illustrates that there are many realistic combinations of vital rates (fecundity and survival) and dispersal rates that give rise to a given spreading speed c*. Further, our results indicate that the invasion speed is most sensitive to the standard deviation of larval dispersal, followed by recruitment rate (a demographic parameter that combines fecundity, larval survival, and juvenile survival), and least sensitive to adult survival. We thus enhance understanding of invasion biology, specifically the relative importance of demography versus dispersal distance for marine species with a pelagic larval stage. We also provide insights on and rank possible management strategies.
Firm liquidity and solvency under the Covid-19 lockdown in France

This crisis will also have an impact on the overall efficiency of the French economic system, as market selection appears to be less efficient during crisis periods relative to “normal times”: in fact, the fraction of very productive firms that are insolvent significantly increases in the aftermath of the lockdown. This provides a rationale for policy interventions aimed at supporting efficient, viable, yet illiquid firms weathering the storm. We evaluate the cost of such a scheme aimed at strengthening firms' financial health to around 8 billion euros. 76 ⎜July 6, 2020