Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Die Bedeutung des genetischen Polymorphismus im Gerinnungssystem und in der Akut-Phase-Reaktion bei Patienten mit ischämischem Schlaganfall

Der ischamische Schlaganfall ist die dritthaufigste Todesursache in der Bundesrepublik. Trotz rasanter Entwicklung der molekularbiologischen Forschungsmethoden bleibt der Schlaganfall aufgrund der besonderen biologischen Eigenschaft der Zellen im zentralen Nervensystem weiterhin eine der grosten Herausforderung in der klinischen Medizin. In diesem Gebiet ist es noch unklar, inwiefern genetische Risikofaktoren in der Atiologie eine Rolle spielen. In Rahmen meiner Promotionsarbeit habe ich untersucht, ob die genetischen Polymorphismen im Gerinnungssystem, Fibrinogen -455 G/A, GPIIb 2622 T/G und GPIIIa 196 T/C bei der Entstehung eines Schlaganfalls bzw. im Verlauf nach einem Schlaganfall eine Rolle spielen. Man konnte dabei feststellen; 1. Die Allelhaufigkeit fur A-Allel des Polymorphismus -455 G/A war unter den Schlaganfallpatienten mit atherothrombotischer Schlaganfallgenese in Vergleich zu unter den Schlaganfallpatienten mit kardioembolischer Schlaganfallgenese signifikant erhoht (P = 0,04). 2. Die A-Allel-Trager haben signifikant grosere Schwankung des Fibrinogen-Plasmaspiegels im klinischen Verlauf nach einem Schlaganfall (p = 0,031). Obwohl Schlaganfall eine komplexe Erkrankung mit multifaktoriellen Entstehungspathomechanismen ist, ist es klar, das es sich um eine Gefas- bzw. eine hamostatische Erkrankung handelt, in der das Gerinnungssystem eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Die Genpolymorphismen konnen dabei klinisch relevanten Einflus. The ischemic stroke is the third most cause of death in Germany. Though the molecular biological technique for the research is developing rapidly, the stroke has its place in the clinical neurology as the most challenging disease, presumably because of the unique biological character of the cells in the central nerves system under the ischemic stress. Very few are known in this clinical area how much the genetic risk factor plays its role. I tried to find out in my doctor thesis, if the genetic polymorphisms in the coagulation system, the fibrinogen -455 G/A, GPIIb 2622 T/G and GPIIIa 196 T/C play actually any role in the pathogenesis of the ischemic stroke and influences the clinical course after the attack. I figured out; 1. In the group of patients who had an atherothrombotic stroke, the allel frequency of the A-allel is significantly higher than in the group of patients who had an cardiogenic stroke (p = 0,04). 2. The stroke patients with A-allel show significantly greater variation of the plasma fibrinogen level in their course after an ischemic stroke (p = 0,031). There is no doubt the coagulation system and the haemostatics play the central role in the pathogenesis of an ischemic stroke. The gene polymorphism may play a relevant role in this process.
Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of Plenodomus tracheiphilus (Petri) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley [syn. Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) L.A. Kantschaveli & Gikashvili]

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to perform a pest categorisation of Phoma tracheiphila, the fungal pathogen responsible for “mal secco” disease of citrus. This pathogen is listed in Annex IIAII of Directive 2000/29/EC. Recently, the pathogen has been reclassified as Plenodomus tracheiphilus (Petri) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. Plenodomus tracheiphilus is a single taxonomic entity, and sensitive and specific methods are available for its differentiation from other related Plenodomus species. The main host is lemon (Citrus limon L.), but the pathogen has also been reported on other species of the genera Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus and Severinia and on their hybrids. Host plants are widely grown in the southern EU Member States (MSs) and climatic conditions are conducive to disease development in both orchards and nurseries. The pathogen is present in part of the risk assessment area, being mainly reported on lemon grown in Italy, Greece, Cyprus and France, where it has a serious impact on the citrus industry. There are no obvious ecological/climatic factors limiting the potential establishment and spread of the pathogen in the, so far, non-infested citrus-producing EU MSs (i.e. Spain, Portugal, Malta and Croatia). Short-distance spread of the pathogen occurs via water splash and wind-driven rain, whereas movement of infected host plants for planting, particularly asymptomatic plants, is considered to be responsible for the introduction of the pathogen into new areas. Cultural practices and copper-based fungicide sprays may reduce inoculum sources and prevent new infections but they cannot eliminate the pathogen. P. tracheiphilus fulfils all of the pest categorisation criteria for having the potential to be a quarantine pest and a regulated non-quarantine pest, as those are defined in the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No 11 and 21, respectively. © European Food Safety Authority, 2014
A randomized add-on trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant bipolar depression.

CONTEXT Existing therapies for bipolar depression have a considerable lag of onset of action. Pharmacological strategies that produce rapid antidepressant effects-for instance, within a few hours or days-would have an enormous impact on patient care and public health. OBJECTIVE To determine whether an N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonist produces rapid antidepressant effects in subjects with bipolar depression. DESIGN A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, add-on study conducted from October 2006 to June 2009. SETTING Mood Disorders Research Unit at the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Patients Eighteen subjects with DSM-IV bipolar depression (treatment-resistant). INTERVENTIONS Subjects maintained at therapeutic levels of lithium or valproate received an intravenous infusion of either ketamine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo on 2 test days 2 weeks apart. The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale was used to rate subjects at baseline and at 40, 80, 110, and 230 minutes and on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, and 14 postinfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale primary efficacy measure scores. RESULTS Within 40 minutes, depressive symptoms significantly improved in subjects receiving ketamine compared with placebo (d = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.76); this improvement remained significant through day 3. The drug difference effect size was largest at day 2 (d = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.55-1.04). Seventy-one percent of subjects responded to ketamine and 6% responded to placebo at some point during the trial. One subject receiving ketamine and 1 receiving placebo developed manic symptoms. Ketamine was generally well tolerated; the most common adverse effect was dissociative symptoms, only at the 40-minute point. CONCLUSION In patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression, robust and rapid antidepressant effects resulted from a single intravenous dose of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist.
Combination of Chemotherapy and Antiangiogenic Therapies: A Mathematical Modelling Approach

A brief introduction to cancer biology and treatment is presented with a focus on current clinical advances in the delivery of chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapies. Mathematical oncology is then surveyed with summaries of various models of tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis and other relevant biological entities such as angiogenic growth factors. Both strictly time-dependent ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based and spatial partial differential equation (PDE)-based models are considered. These biological models are first developed into an ODE model where various treatment options can be compared including different combinations of drugs and dosage schedules. This model gives way to a PDE model that includes the spatially heterogeneous blood vessel distribution found in tumors, as well as angiogenic growth factor imbalances. This model is similarly analyzed and implications are summarized. Finally, including the effects of interstitial fluid pressure into an angiogenic activity model is performed. This model displays the importance of factor convection on the angiogenic behaviour of tumours.
Methadone Maintenance Treatment and other Opioid Replacement Therapies

The 1980s and 1990s have witnessed a worldwide epidemic of heroin addiction, and countries around the world have moved to put in place opiate replacement therapy programs to deal with this problem. While most of these programs use methadone as a substitute drug of choice, most recently, buprenorphine, LAAM (levo acetyl methadol), and heroin have been employed for this purpose. A comprehensive guide to the use of drug substitution in the treatment of opiate dependence, this handbook provides an up-to-date account of treatment research and practice in this growing area. As well as answering questions about the status of this class of interventions in terms of their demonstrated effectiveness, it also includes detailed discussions of assessment issues, appropriate dosage regimes, the role of ancillary social and psychosocial services, the use of opiate replacement therapy in prisons, optimal treatment during pregnancy, and the cost-effectiveness of this form of treatment.
Cost-Aware Capacity Provisioning for Internet Video Streaming CDNs

With the increasing popularity of the Internet video streaming services (e.g. YouTube and Netflix), content delivery networks (CDNs) are heavily used to stream video contents to users, and consume more and more power and bandwidths in recent years. In this paper, we investigate the problem of saving a video streaming CDN’s operating expense, including both its energy cost and the traffic cost. From our measurement study on the CDN infrastructure of Youku, which is the largest video site in China, we find that there exists an inherent conflict between improving a video streaming CDN’s energy efficiency for power saving, and maintaining the CDN’s ISP-friendly server selection policy. To address this problem, we propose a cost-aware capacity provisioning algorithm, which dynamically plans the service capacities of a CDN’s server clusters in numerous ISPs, and optimizes its overall operating cost regarding both the energy consumptions and the cross-ISP traffics. By using the workload derived from real-world measurement and applying actual power and bandwidth price parameters, we show with experiments that our approach can significantly reduce a video streaming CDN’s overall operating cost, and avoid frequent server switches effectively. To our best knowledge, this work is the first one that identifies and resolves the inherent conflict between a CDN’s energy efficiency and its ISP-friendly policy.
The influence of physical activity and BMI on blood pressure in African-American women

Introduction: African-American women are among those with the highest rates of obesity andhypertension, while also having low rates of physical activity (PA). While weight loss and PAhave been implicated as lifestyle factors that can reduce blood pressure, the influence of theselifestyle factors on blood pressure in African-American women is not well studied, and theexisting research has shown inconsistent findings.Purpose: To examine the relationship between the change in measures of adiposity and restingsystolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in overweight and obese non-hypertensiveAfrican-America women. In addition, this investigation will examine the influence of changes inPA and/or fitness on the relationship between the change in measures of adiposity and thechange in resting SBP and DBP.Methods: Data from 97 overweight and obese (31.4±4.0 kg/m2), non-hypertensive African-American women who participated in one of 5 weight control interventions were analyzed forthis study. The behavioral weight control interventions included dietary restriction and/or PA.Outcome measures included weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, bodycomposition, PA, and fitness. The hypotheses were tested using linear regression analysis. Themediation hypothesis was tested using linear regression analysis and separately adjusting forfitness and PA.Results: There was a significant reduction in weight (5.0±5.9) systolic (4.4±10.9 mmHg), anddiastolic blood pressure (2.8±7.7 mmHg). The change in SBP was significantly correlated withchange in weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fitness, with the change in DBP significantlycorrelated with weight, BMI, waist circumference, PA and fitness. The relationship betweenmeasures of both weight and BMI and resting SBP were fully mediated by the change in eitherPA or fitness, with the relationship between change in waist circumference and change in SBPpartially mediated by the change in either PA or fitness. The relationships between DBP andmeasures of adiposity were fully mediated by the change in either PA or fitness.Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential importance of PA and fitness within thecontext of weight control for reducing resting blood pressure in overweight and obese African-American women.
Late epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor‐related papulopustular rash: a distinct clinical entity

We report four patients developing a late form of papulopustular rash induced by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. These patients presented an unusual presentation of acneiform rash, characterized by late development (several months after treatment commenced), localization to the limbs with sparing of the face, and association with severe pruritus and Staphylococcus aureus superinfection in all cases. These clinical symptoms may suggest a distinct mechanism from the early acne‐like rash frequently observed with these targeted anticancer therapies. Clinicians should be aware of this delayed adverse event, and we suggest the term ‘late acneiform toxicity of EGFR inhibitors (LATE) syndrome’ to permit better characterization of this clinical picture.
SEFE = C-Planarity?

In this article, we deepen the understanding of the connection between two long-standing graph drawing open problems, Simultaneous Embedding with Fixed Edges (SEFE-2) and Clustered Planarity (C-Planarity). Given two planar graphs on the same set of vertices, the SEFE-2 problem asks to find planar drawings of the two graphs such that each vertex lies on the same point and each common edge is represented by the same curve in both drawings. Given a planar graph together with a recursive clustering of its vertices, the C-Planarity problem asks to find a planar drawing of the graph and a representation of each cluster as a simple region enclosing all and only the vertices of the cluster such that no unnecessary intersection involving clusters and edges is created. In a recent article at GD’12, Marcus Schaefer presented a reduction from C-Planarity to SEFE-2. We prove that a reduction exists also in the opposite direction, if we restrict to instances of SEFE-2 in which the graph induced by the common edges is connected. We pose as an intriguing open question whether the two problems are polynomial-time equivalent.
CTX-M-3 Tipi Beta-Laktamaz Üreten C3 Grubu Salmonella Suşu

Salmonella infections constitute a significant public health problem worldwide. Infectious diarrheas cause high morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age especially in the developing countries. In this study, a C3 group Salmonella strain producing CTX-M-3 type beta-lactamase isolated from the stool sample of a patient presented with hemorrhagic diarrhea was investigated. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disc diffusion method and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined using a double-disc synergy test. The presence of CTX-M type beta-lactamase gene was investigated through amplification using specific primers. The CTX-M-3 type beta-lactamase-positive strain was resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillinclavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, co-trimoxazole, and suscebtiple to imipenem, meropenem, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin.
Linking Process and Measurement Models of Recognition-Based Decisions

When making inferences about pairs of objects, one of which is recognized and the other is not, the recognition heuristic states that participants choose the recognized object in a noncompensatory way without considering any further knowledge. In contrast, information-integration theories such as parallel constraint satisfaction (PCS) assume that recognition is merely one of many cues that is integrated with further knowledge in a compensatory way. To test both process models against each other without manipulating recognition or further knowledge, we include response times into the r-model, a popular multinomial processing tree model for memory-based decisions. Essentially, this response-time-extended r-model allows to test a crucial prediction of PCS, namely, that the integration of recognition-congruent knowledge leads to faster decisions compared to the consideration of recognition only—even though more information is processed. In contrast, decisions due to recognition-heuristic use are predicted to be faster than decisions affected by any further knowledge. Using the classical German-cities example, simulations show that the novel measurement model discriminates between both process models based on choices, decision times, and recognition judgments only. In a reanalysis of 29 data sets including more than 400,000 individual trials, noncompensatory choices of the recognized option were estimated to be slower than choices due to recognition-congruent knowledge. This corroborates the parallel information-integration account of memory-based decisions, according to which decisions become faster when the coherence of the available information increases.
The natural history of invasive breast cancers detected by screening mammography.

BACKGROUND The introduction of screening mammography has been associated with sustained increases in breast cancer incidence. The natural history of these screen-detected cancers is not well understood. METHODS We compared cumulative breast cancer incidence in age-matched cohorts of women residing in 4 Norwegian counties before and after the initiation of biennial mammography. The screened group included all women who were invited for all 3 rounds of screening during the period 1996 through 2001 (age range in 1996, 50-64 years). The control group included all women who would have been invited for screening had there been a screening program during the period 1992 through 1997 (age range in 1992, 50-64 years). All women in the control group were invited to undergo a 1-time prevalence screen at the end of their observation period. Screening attendance was similar in both groups (screened, 78.3%, and controls, 79.5%). Counts of incident invasive breast cancers were obtained from the Norwegian Cancer Registry (in situ cancers were excluded). RESULTS As expected, before the age-matched controls were invited to be screened at the end of their observation period, the cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer was significantly higher in the screened group than in the controls (4-year cumulative incidence: 1268 vs 810 per 100 000 population; relative rate, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-1.70). Even after prevalence screening in controls, however, the cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer remained 22% higher in the screened group (6-year cumulative incidence: 1909 vs 1564 per 100 000 population; relative rate, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.30). Higher incidence was observed in screened women at each year of age. CONCLUSIONS Because the cumulative incidence among controls never reached that of the screened group, it appears that some breast cancers detected by repeated mammographic screening would not persist to be detectable by a single mammogram at the end of 6 years. This raises the possibility that the natural course of some screen-detected invasive breast cancers is to spontaneously regress.
El gusto por el sabor salado

Antecedentes: existe relación entre el exceso de sodio con la prevalencia de hipertensión y otras enfermedades crónicas degenerativas. El mayor determinante del consumo de alimentos es el sabor y la sal influye sobre este. Objetivo: conocer los factores relacionados con el gusto por el sabor salado. Materiales y métodos: se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Science Direct, Scielo, Medline y Pubmed. También se consultaron libros de enseñanza universitaria de química y análisis sensorial. Resultados: influyen sobre el gusto por el sabor salado factores relativos al individuo y al alimento. Entre los primeros se cuentan: la edad, la condición de salud, la percepción individual, las costumbres familiares y culturales y los factores genéticos. Entre los relacionados con el alimento se encuentran: la temperatura, la textura y la presencia de otros ingredientes. Existe relación entre consumo de alimentos salados y la sensibilidad por el sabor salado, que podría modularse reduciendo la cantidad de sal agregada a los alimentos. Conclusión: factores relacionadoscon el individuo y el alimento determinan el gusto por el sabor salado, sin embargo podría modularse reduciendo el consumo habitual de sal.
Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Osteomyelitis

The term osteomyelitis encompasses a broad group of infectious diseases characterized by infection of the bone and/or bone marrow. The pathogenesis of these diseases can follow acute, subacute or chronic courses and involves a range of contributory host and pathogen factors. A commonly used aetiological classification distinguishes between three types of osteomyelitis: acute or chronic haematogenous disease seeded by organisms in the bloodstream, local spread from a contiguous source of infection and secondary osteomyelitis related to vascular insufficiency.
Kallikrein teams up with GSK-3beta in heart failure prevention.

With heart failure becoming an increasing burden due to the ageing population and improved peri-myocardial infarct (MI) survival, therapeutic approaches to stop or even revert this pathological process are gaining increasing attention. A most promising approach for the therapy is considered to rapidly increase blood supply to the damaged post-infarction ischaemic tissue in an attempt to limit cardiomyocyte death, thereby limiting scarring and its ensuing development of myocardial failure. Many experimental approaches have used growth factor induction, either as proteins or as DNA vectors, in an attempt to increase the local blood supply via induction of an improved capillary bed by angiogenesis or, even better, to induce increased collateral development by arteriogenesis.1 This field of therapeutic angiogenesis was sparked by the breakthrough paper of the Isner laboratory, showing improved perfusion in the ischaemic diabetic leg after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy.2 Multiple strategies that proved to be highly promising in animal models of ischaemic hindlimb after femoral artery occlusion were also tested in a myocardial setting. Almost a decade later, however, the original enthusiasm for the growth factor therapy has faded based on disappointing results in large clinical trials.3,4 The underlying … *Corresponding author. Tel: +31 20 4448161; fax: +31 20 4448081. E-mail address: aj.horrevoets{at}vumc.nl