Ekstrakcija bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae) ugljendioksidom u superkritičnom stanju i modelovanje ekstrakcionog sistema

AB In this study, the extraction of basil (O. basilicum L.) ussing the hydrodistillation process, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide were investigated. The content of essential oil was determined (0,565%), and the qualitative and quantitative composition of detected coumpound was made by GC/MS(FID). The identified coumpounds were classified into five groups (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their oxidative derivates). The results of investigation shows that the dominant compound of basil essential oil is linalool (50,09%), and that it belongs to linalool chemotype (chemotype A). The influence of temperature (40-60°C) and pressure (100–300 bar) of supercritical carbon dioxide on extraction yields were studied. It was determined that the total yield of extract increases with the increaseing of extraction pressure, while the influence of temperature on the yield depends on the density of the solvent and vapor pressure of components in the extract. Fractional supercritical fluid extraction was performed, and obtained extracts were compared regarding of yield, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the extract. Chemical analyses of CO2 extract by GC/MS and GC/FID showed that extract contains, besides essential oil componentes, other lipophilic compounds (waxes, fatty oils, fatty acids, phytosterols, etc.). The few compounds were dominant in all analyzed basil extracts: linalool, and to a lesser extent eugenol, δcadinene, α-bergamotene, germacrene D, γcadinene, β-selinene and spathulenol. Based on the experimental results of the extraction kinetics, a modeling of basil – supercritical CO2 extraction system was performed, using three models (Kandiah and Spiro, Brunner, and Esquivel et al.). Based on the average values of the relative deviations of modeled and experimental values of extraction yield, it was found that the model Kandiah and Spiro shows acceptable agreement, while other models show lower agreement of the experimentally determined and model calculated extraction yield. In finale phase of work the antioxidant potential of essential oil and CO2 extracts were examined, using DPPH method. The highest antioxidant activity showed CO2 extract obtained at 100 bar, 60°C (IC50 = 18,93 μg/ml), which is 5 time higher then antioxidant activity of basil essential oil. Accepted on Scientific Board on: AS 5 th March 2013 Defended: DE Thesis Defend Board: DB president: member: member: Neizmernu zahvalnost dugujem svom mentoru prof. dr Zoranu Zekoviću za ogromnu podršku, znanje, strpljenje i pomoć koju mi je pružio tokom izrade i pisanja doktorske disertacije. Iskreno se zahvaljujem doc. dr Senki Vidović na nesebičnoj pomoći, sugestijama i razumevanju tokom izrade ovoga rada. Zahvaljujem se koleginicama Biljani Marošanović i Maji Pandurević Todorović iz SP Laboratorije iz Bečeja na učešću u eksperimentalnom radu. Najsrdačnije se zahvaljujem doc. dr Steli Jokić sa Prehrambeno tehnološkog fakulteta iz Osijeka i doc. dr Sandri Svilović sa Hemijsko-tehnološkog fakulteta u Splitu na pomoći i korisnim sugestijama tokom izrade doktorske disertacije. Prof. dr Kirilu Lisičkovu i doc. dr Mariji Radojković zahvaljujem na korisnim savetima, podstreku, razmevanju i prijateljstvu. Zahvalnost dugujem Slavici Ostojić, Jeleni Vladić, Aleksandri Cvetanović, Aleksandri Cvejin i Branimiru Pavliću na pomoći u eksperimentalnom radu, svakodnevnoj podršci, razumevanju i prijateljstvu. Dragoj koleginici Stanislavi Sinđelić zahvaljujem na velikom razmevanju i pomoći kad god je to trebalo. Zahvaljujem i svima onima koji su mi na bilo koji drugi način pomogli pri izradi ove disertacije. Mojoj porodici, na neizmernoj ljubavi i razumevanju u ostvarivanju mojih želja i ambicija.