Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Market access in agriculture: beyond the blender

A fundamental requirement for success in any trade negotiation is finding a balance between flexibility and discipline. Because countries have very different interests, and all major decisions at the World Trade Organization must be made by consensus, any agreement must have the flexibility needed to address the specific needs of each member, while imposing enough discipline to yield the gains in export market opportunities that are the raison d'etre of trade negotiations.
Restorative exercise for clinical low back pain. A prospective two-center study with 1-year follow-up.

STUDY DESIGN A comparison of treatment of 412 patients with chronic back pain at two separate centers using the same treatment protocols and outcome measures. Outcome was defined by specific strength testing; Short Form-36 scores at intake, discharge, and 1-year follow-up; self-appraisal of improvement at discharge and in a 1-year follow-up; and reuse of health care services after discharge. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy of standardized treatment methods using isolated lumbar strength testing and strengthening based on progressive protocols using specific equipment. Comparison of results should clarify the effect of the treatment center versus the efficacy of standardized protocols. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There has been little support in the scientific literature for exercise programs based on standardized protocols. The use of specialized equipment to achieve intense specific exercise also has been poorly supported. Overall health benefit has not often been related to specific improvement in strength. METHODS More than 400 individuals with chronic back pain were evaluated at the initiation of treatment, discharge, and 1 year after discharge. Measures of efficacy were based on Short Form-36 scores, self-appraisal of improvement, and reuse of health care services after discharge. Study participants were patients with chronic back pain consecutively referred to each treatment site and underwritten by a variety of payers, including workers' compensation, Medicare, and private insurance. RESULTS Overall response during the course of the program and at 1-year follow-up was similar between the two centers. Similar proportions of participants at each site demonstrated improvement in SF-36 scores, self-appraisal of improvement, and reuse of health care services. CONCLUSIONS Standardized protocols using specific strength and measurement equipment can achieve similar benefits at different sites.
Exploring the market potential of 'local'in food systems

Local food initiatives create a niche market in many developed countries where consumer choice is being met with an expanding offering in both conventional as well as complementary retail outlets. Supermarkets in conjunction with the food service sector currently dominate food sales and consumption, and are likely to do so for the foreseeable future. However, the local food sector offers an opportunity for implementing niche marketing strategies for many businesses. Local food activities tend to be relatively independent activities and a clearer definition for “local” food would assist in consolidating this important component of the food system. Related to this, consumers would benefit from the establishment of some form of assurance system for the ‘localness’ of food. In the UK, with its well established local food market, farmers’ markets, farm shops and box schemes are currently having the largest impact in terms of total sales. Hence further research is required to confirm that support for similar business ventures in Australia would be a viable strategy for strengthening its local food systems.
Effects of Kinesio® Tape in low back muscle fatigue: randomized, controlled, doubled-blinded clinical trial on healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND Muscle fatigue of the trunk extensor musculature plays a considerable role in chronic low back pain (LBP). The underlying physiology of fatigue is complex and not fully understood. The Kinesio® Taping (KT) supports damaged structures while allowing mobility and at the same time may influence some of the mechanisms associated with muscle fatigue such as blood flow and proprioception. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the influence of KT on the resistance to fatigue of the lumbar extensor musculature in a sample of young healthy subjects. METHODS A randomized, controlled, doubled-blinded clinical trial was conducted. Ninety nine healthy subjects were randomized in to the three arms of the study Kinesio® Tape (KT), placebo (P) and control (C). Directly after application of KT we measured lumbar extensor musculature endurance with the Biering-Sorensen test. Subjects and researchers were blinded to the intervention. Time achieved (seconds) was compared between groups with one-way ANOVA with confidence intervals of 95%. RESULTS There were significant differences between the time achieved in the KT group versus the control group (p < 0.05). The placebo group performed better than the control group but worse than the KT group, these were not significant in either case. CONCLUSIONS KT appears to improve the time to failure of the extensor muscle of the trunk obtained using the Biering-Sorensen test. These findings suggest that KT influences processes that lead to muscle fatigue and that KT could be effective in the management of LBP.
The Influence of Service Providers on the Transparency Between Citizens and Governments in the Internet Era

Internet users are no more only content consumers, but also content provider. Citizens, individually or as a group, have now the possibility of easily diffusing data and information, coming from official sources and often intended to be kept confidential or restricted. This can promote the transparency in the relationship between public organizations and citizens. To make it possible, subjects not directly interested in the process of information diffusion, like the service providers, must be engaged. They come then in the position to promote or hamper this phenomenon, and consequently the transparency. On this background, this paper uses agency theory to investigate the “Cablegate” case involving WikiLeaks, that gained widespread global attention for the diffusion of documents unveiling the activities of the US diplomacy.
TRANSFER INFORMASI INTRA INDUSTRI ATAS PENGUMUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA

The objective of this study is to examine the existence of intra-industry information transfer of the announcement of rights issue. This research has three tests. First, it is the information content test of the announcement of rights issue by issuers firm (event study standard). Second, it is an intra-industry information transfer test that examines information content of the announcement of rights issue by non-issuers firm. Two-first tests verify the significance of abnormal return obtained by issuers firm and non-issuers firm through t-test. Third, it is a regression test, which is to examine the influence of variable of bid-ask spread and variable of relative size of rights issue – as independent variables to variable of non-issuers firm’s abnormal return – as dependent variable. The samples of this study consist of 32 issuers firm and 149 non-issuers firm. All of them are the members of manufacturing firm listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) in the period of 1997-2002. This study uses purposive sampling method. The window period is ten days surrounding of the announcement of rights issue (-5, 0, +5). The event date is the listing date of rights issue in JSX.The results of this study are as follows. First, there is information content for the announcement of rights issue that is shown with the existence of marginally significant negative abnormal return obtained by issuers on t-1. This result confirms Marsden (2000). Second, there is an evidence about intra-industry information transfer – there is a significantly positive abnormal return on t-3 and a significantly negative abnormal retun on t+4. Both of them show the existence of contagion effect because the direction of issuers firms and non-issuers firm’s abnormal return on t-3 and t+4 (when the intra-industry information transfer exists significantly) is equal. It shows that commonality industrial factors have the role in this research. The negative intra-indutry information transfer confirms Szewczyk (1992). Third, there is not a significantly influence for variable of bid-ask spread and variable of relative size of rights issue to variable of non-issuers firm’s abnormal return.
Magmatic expressions of continental lithosphere removal

Gravitational lithosphere removal in continental interior has been inferred from various observations, including anomalous surface deflections and magmatism. We use numerical models and a simplified theoretical analysis to investigate how lithosphere removal can be recognized in the magmatic record. One style of removal is a Rayleigh‐Taylor‐type instability, where removal occurs through dripping. The associated magmatism depends on the lithosphere thermal structure. Four types of magmatism are predicted: (1) For relatively hot lithosphere (e.g., back arcs), the lithosphere can be conductively heated and melted during removal, while the asthenosphere upwells and undergoes decompression melting. If removal causes significant lithospheric thinning, the deep crust may be heated and melted. (2) For moderately warm lithosphere (e.g., average Phanerozoic lithosphere) in which the lithosphere root has a low density, only the lithosphere may melt. (3) If the lithosphere root has a high density in moderately warm lithosphere, only asthenosphere melt is predicted. (4) For cold lithosphere (e.g., cratons), no magmatism is induced. An alternate style of removal is delamination, where dense lithosphere peels along Moho. In most cases, the lithosphere sinks too rapidly to melt. However, asthenosphere can upwell to the base of the crust, resulting in asthenospheric and crustal melts. In delamination, magmatism migrates laterally with the detachment point; in contrast, magmatism in Rayleigh‐Taylor‐type instability has a symmetric shape and converges toward the drip center. The models may explain the diversity of magmatism observed in areas with inferred lithosphere removal, including the Puna Plateau and the southern Sierra Nevada.
Application-Specific Proxy Servers as HTTP Stream Transducers

If one wishes to execute specialized processing on the HTTP requests and responses that flow between WWW clients and servers, one can add the processing in the clients, in the servers, or between them. We describe a novel approach to the latter; we generalize the notion of proxy servers to construct application-specific proxies that act as transducers on the HTTP stream. We have built a sample set of transducers to demonstrate the idea and an initial toolkit to ease the task of constructing these transducers and attaching them to the HTTP stream.
Control of induction machines on an electric vehicle with maximum torque and efficiency via the optimal slip factor

The indirect rotor field-oriented control with the optimal slip factor adjustment is exploited for the a 0.75kW induction machine (IM) control and it has been successfully implemented on an electric vehicle (EV) to provide satisfactory acceleration and efficiency. To achieve dynamic control of the flux and torque, precise synchronous angle estimation based on the rotor time constant is crucial for stator current decoupling, and thus control performance is highly dependent on the accuracy of parameter identification. Since traditional identification approaches are suffered from difficulty of implementation, a simple and accurate identification process by applying experiments to obtain the rotor time constant corresponding to the maximum acceleration is proposed in this paper. As a low-power IM implemented on EVs is usually overloaded during the acceleration period, the maximum torque per amperage (MTPA) control is thus desirable. A novel control approach by which the optimal slip factor is obtained through experiments for the maximum acceleration and efficient is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed slip factor adjustment is more suitable to traction control of the EV because of its smooth operating performance.
Impact of worktime arrangements on work-home interference among Dutch employees.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the effects of different worktime arrangements on work-home interference while taking into account other work-related factors, private situation and health status, explored gender differences in this relation, and examined reciprocal effects between workhours and work-home interference. METHODS Data from the Maastricht cohort study on fatigue at work were used with 8 months of follow-up (N=6947 at baseline). RESULTS Worktime arrangements were related to work-home interference among the men and women, even after control for confounding. As compared with daywork, baseline shiftwork was associated with higher work-home interference over time. Within daywork, full-time work was prospectively related to higher work-home interference than part-time work was. For full-timers, baseline overtime work, hours of overtime work, change in number of workhours, and commuting time were related to higher work-home interference over time, whereas compensation for overtime work, familiarity with work roster, ability to take a day off, and a decrease in workhours at own request were associated with less work-home interference. For the part-timers, baseline overtime work and commuting time were related to higher work-home interference over time, whereas compensation for overtime, flexible workhours, and ability to take a day off were protective against work-home interference. Reciprocal relations between work-home interference and workhours were also found. CONCLUSIONS Worktime arrangements are clearly related to work-home interference. Because reciprocal effects exist as well, important selection processes may exist. Nevertheless, specific characteristics of worktime arrangements could constitute useful tools for reducing work-home interference.
From Innovation Development to Implementation: Evidence from the Community Innovation Survey

Innovation surveys provide a broad measure of the successful commercial introduction of new product and process innovations. The dual purposes of this paper are to establish whether survey-based measures of innovation are related to more widely used intermediate measures, such as RD et d’autre part d’identifier les principaux facteurs qui determinent la probabilite d’innover avec succes. Les donnees de panel pays utilisees proviennent de la troisieme Enquete Communautaire sur l’Innovation (CIS3), et permettent de differencier les resultats par taille d’entreprise et secteur d’activite. Les mesures d’enquete de l’activite et des succes d’innovation sont positivement correlees avec la R-D et les brevets observes sur les annees precedentes, suggerant que les facteurs qui affectent le developpement des innovations determinent egalement leur mise en oeuvre ulterieure. D’autre part, la disponibilite de personnel qualifie et de financement prive, une reglementation des marches de produits et du travail peu restrictive, une plus grande cooperation dans le processus d’innovation et l’aide publique financiere sont toutes positivement associees a la proportion de firmes ayant innove avec succes, du moins pour certains secteurs et tailles d’entreprise. Enfin, l’innovation dans les petites entreprises est plus dependante de la cooperation et de la disponibilite de financement que dans les grandes entreprises.
Synthetic estrogen directly affects fish biomass and may indirectly disrupt aquatic food webs

Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals are known to alter the fitness of individual organisms via changes in growth, behavior, and reproduction. It is largely unknown, however, whether these effects cascade through the food web and indirectly affect other, less sensitive organisms. The authors present results from a mesocosm experiment whereby the effects of the synthetic estrogen 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) were quantified in pelagic communities. Treatment with EE2 at a concentration of 28 ng/L had no large effects on the pelagic communities composed only of phytoplankton and zooplankton. In communities where planktivorous roach (Rutilus rutilus) were also present, however, EE2 caused a significant reduction in fish biomass. Moreover, zooplankton biomass was higher in the EE2 treatments, suggesting that zooplankton may have been released from fish predation. Hence, the direct effect of EE2 on roach may have cascaded down the food web to produce positive indirect effects on zooplankton. This result was supported in complementary foraging experiments with roach, showing reduced foraging performance after exposure to EE2. Despite the observed negative effect of EE2 on roach and the positive indirect effect on zooplankton, these effects did not cascade to phytoplankton, possibly because only copepods, but not cladocerans—the major grazers in these systems—were released from fish predation. The authors conclude that the known reproductive impairment in fish by EE2 in combination with the disturbed foraging performance observed in the present study may be a disadvantage to fish that may result in increasing abundance or biomass of prey such as zooplankton. Hence, EE2 may have consequences for both the structure and function of freshwater communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:930–936. © 2014 SETAC
[Effects of retinoic acid on the expression of Cx43 and its gap juncion intercellular communication function in testicular cancer cell].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the expression of Cx43 and its gap junction intercellular communication function in testicular cancer cells. METHODS Cultured testicular cancer cells I-10 were treated with different concentration of RA (2.5, 5.0,10.0 micromol/L). The expression of Cx43 in 1-10 cells was detected by Western blot, and the distribution and location of Cx43 on cellular membrane was studied with immunofluorescence assay. Parachute assay was used to detect the function of gap junction intercellular communication composed of Cx43 in 1-10 cells. RESULTS RA (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 micromol/L) markedly increased the expression of Cx43 in I-10 cells, the enhancement ratios were 43.14% +/- 2.1%, 58.09% +/- 1.8%, 143.13% +/- 1.6%, respectively. The result of immunofluorescence assay showed that RA (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 micromol/L) obviously increased the level of Cx43 located on the cellular membrane of I-10 cells. The result of parachute assay demonstrated that RA (2.5,5.0,10.0 gmol/L) could enhance the intercellular dye coupling through gap junction, the enhancement ratios were 26.1% +/- 2.3%, 63.3% +/- 1.6%, 140.5% +/- 3.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION RA could enhance the gap junction intercellular communication by increasing the expression of Cx43 in I-10 cells.
Decoupling of deforestation and soy production in the southern Amazon during the late 2000s

From 2006 to 2010, deforestation in the Amazon frontier state of Mato Grosso decreased to 30% of its historical average (1996–2005) whereas agricultural production reached an all-time high. This study combines satellite data with government deforestation and production statistics to assess land-use transitions and potential market and policy drivers associated with these trends. In the forested region of the state, increased soy production from 2001 to 2005 was entirely due to cropland expansion into previously cleared pasture areas (74%) or forests (26%). From 2006 to 2010, 78% of production increases were due to expansion (22% to yield increases), with 91% on previously cleared land. Cropland expansion fell from 10 to 2% of deforestation between the two periods, with pasture expansion accounting for most remaining deforestation. Declining deforestation coincided with a collapse of commodity markets and implementation of policy measures to reduce deforestation. Soybean profitability has since increased to pre-2006 levels whereas deforestation continued to decline, suggesting that antideforestation measures may have influenced the agricultural sector. We found little evidence of direct leakage of soy expansion into cerrado in Mato Grosso during the late 2000s, although indirect land-use changes and leakage to more distant regions are possible. This study provides evidence that reduced deforestation and increased agricultural production can occur simultaneously in tropical forest frontiers, provided that land is available and policies promote the efficient use of already-cleared lands (intensification) while restricting deforestation. It remains uncertain whether government- and industry-led policies can contain deforestation if future market conditions favor another boom in agricultural expansion.
A Self-Organizing Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Network - Multistage Classifier

A fuzzy polynomial neural network multistage classifier (FPNN-MC) is suggested in this paper, suitable for handling complex classification problems with large feature spaces. The multilayered FPNN-MC structure is developed in a self-organizing way, using a structure learning procedure. The network's neurons are realized through fuzzy rule-based TSK systems, considered as generic fuzzy neuron classifiers (FNC's). Parent FNC's are combined to develop new higher-level descendant classifiers at the subsequent layer. Hence, sequential multistage decision is implemented, leading to improved classification results. To exploit the information acquired by FNC's at each layer and achieve an effective data flow, a fusion scheme is developed associated with a data reduction mechanism. Upon termination of the structure building, parameter learning is carried out using a genetic algorithm platform. A remarkable asset of the approach is that it resolves the feature selection task, providing the most relevant features of a problem. Simulation results on a well known classification problem indicate the efficiency of the proposed model
The Effect of Rainfall on NO and N2O Emissions from Ugandan Agroforest Soils

Agroforestry systems, often incorporating N-fixing trees, are widely used in tropical countries. However, the effect of such systems on the emissions of atmospheric pollutants NO and N2O is largely unknown. Here we compare the emissions from two agroforest systems, one where the tree component is the nitrogen fixing tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus) and the other where the tree component does not fix N (Grevillea robusta). The experiment simulated the first rainfall of a wet season, which has been shown to be a major source of NO and N2O emissions in tropical soils. Light (10 mm rain) and heavy rainfall (25 mm rain) was added to small repacked soil columns. Light rainfall resulted in a brief flush of NO up to 96 mug NO-N m(-2) h(-1) within 1 day of wetting. Nitrous oxide emissions were negligible, In contrast heavy rainfall produced a flush in N2O emissions up to 2000 mug N2O-N m(-2) h(-1), but no NO. Responses were at least 4 times larger for soils from the N fixing trees compared to the non-N fixing trees.
Androgen receptor action in hormone‐dependent and recurrent prostate cancer

The importance of androgens and androgen receptors (AR) in primary prostate cancer is well established. Metastatic disease is usually treated with some form of androgen ablation, which is effective for a limited amount of time. The role of AR in prostate cancers that recur despite androgen ablation therapy is less certain. Most of these tumors express prostate specific antigen (PSA), an androgen‐regulated gene; moreover, AR is generally highly expressed in recurrent prostate cancer. We propose that AR continues to play a role in many of these tumors and that it is not only the levels of AR, ligands, and co‐regulators, but also the changes in cell signaling that induce AR action in recurrent prostate cancer. These pathways are, therefore, potential therapeutic targets. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 362–372, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.