Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYME RESPONDS TO HYPOXIA IN PIKA

The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) isoenzymes from heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle in the pika (Ochotona curzcniae) were analysed by means of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the ultraviolet enzymatic determination at a simulated altitude of 5,000m for 15 days. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. Pikas were exposed to a simulated altitude of 5,000 m for 15 days. Their changes of M-subunit ratio in crude extract of the heart, liver and kidney were no significance in the electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns of LDH, as compare with those of alt. 2300m. 2. The exposure of the pika to simulated altitude oxygen conditions for 15 days resulted in a significant alteration in skeletal muscle LDH isoenzyme patterns. The proportion of M-subunit of LDH increased approximately by 14% from 2,300m to 5,000m altitude. 3. Continuous exposure of the pika to a simulated altitude of 5,000 m for 15 days seems to be no effect on the LDH activities of heart, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle (P0.5).
Physical, laboratory, and microbiological parameters of mammary gland secretions in postpartum does

Mastitis is a multifactorial disease whose prevalence is affected by the type of pathogenic agent involved, the constitution of the animal, and environmental conditions. This study evaluated the physical and laboratory characteristics of colostrum from dairy goats in the postpartum period, and the physical characteristics of the mammary glands in the same period. Of the 71 mammary glands evaluated, 12 were positive for bacterial isolates and the most frequent pathogenic agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (n = 11). Median somatic cell counts (SCC) in animals positive for bacterial isolates were greater than in animals without bacterial isolates at parturition (696.0 vs. 256.0 x 103 mL –1) and 48 h postpartum (1,350 vs. 437.0 x 103 mL-1). In addition, 34 samples were positive for the California Mastitis Test (CMT; score >1+), indicating a positive relationship between this test and bacterial isolation. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most prevalent pathogenic agents, resulting in increase in SCC. Postpartum changes in mammary secretions were not good predictors of bacterial mastitis. Physical examination of mammary glands did not reveal significant changes for the diagnosis of mastitis in the postpartum period.
TESTING LINDESMITH ' S THEORY 1 Were we attacking " a theory of conscious motivation ? "

Were we attacking "a theory of conscious motivation? "-Lindesmith's seizing upon our use of the word "motivation" to contend that we mistook his theory for one of conscious motivation enables him to raise methodological problems concerning consciousness, to question the relevance of our work to his, and to pave the way for an argument hat our "pleasure motive . involves a confusion of effects with causes. " We deal with the first two issues here and the third in the next section. Our use of "motivation" at many points followed standard practice in psychology, where the word does not entail consciousness. Although we could easily have dispensed with "motivation" and adhered to a "hard" behaviorism, we did not for two reasons. First, self-reported motives can be valuable clues to the relevant response-consequence ontingencies. Therefore, when we presented evidence that euphoria is consciously desired, and so forth, we were alleging the importance and occurrence of positive reinforcement rather than arguing that Lindesmith's was a theory of conscious motivation (see our definition of "euphoria," in McAuliffe and Gordon [1974 p. 800]). It is the difference in the role we attach to positive reinforcement that challenges his theory, not any difference concerning the concept of "motive. " Second, we used motivational terminology to parallel Lindesmith's use of this language in his own work. For example, ". the most obvious characteristic of the addict's behavior is his intense desire . for the drug. This desire . is a powerful conscious motive driving him to seek satisfaction . " (Lindesmith 1968, p. 49; our italics). In Lindesmith's work, conscious motives are equated with "craving," which leads to the frequent use of opiates (1968, pp. 55, 56). Finally, he holds that "the craving . is fixed by negative rather than by positive reinforcement . " (1968, p. 95). It was at this point that we took issue with him. Lindesmith as also used the concept of "motives" to refer to all reasons individuals give for becoming addicts other than those that stem directly from drug use (1968, pp. 16-17). He has explicitly denied that his is a theory of motives in this sense. The present controversy, however, concerns variations in motives due to variations in drug-derived reinforcement. Our paper dealt with Lindesmith's treatment of motives in the latter category, not the former. A cognitive theme in Lindesmith's work would also seem to support
Myocardial Fatty Acid-Glucose Fuel Balance as Target to Treat Cardiac Diseases

The currently most prevalent cardiac diseases, diabetic cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic heart failure, each associate with a chronic change in energy substrate utilization towards a single type of substrate, i.e., fatty acids or glucose, respectively. Recent experimental studies suggest that proper cardiac contractile performance is dependent on a finely tuned balance between the utilization of these two substrates. Furthermore, re-balancing myocardial fuel supply (fatty acids versus glucose) appears an effective treatment option in cardiac disease.
Formation of soluble microbial products during anaerobic treatment

Stock (fill-and-draw) reactors and chemostats (CSTR) fed acetate and glucose were used to investigate the production of soluble microbial products (SMP) during anaerobic treatment. These reactors were maintained at solids retention times (SRT) from 15 to 56 days with organic loading rates (OLR) from 0.18 to 0.50 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L.d. Results showed that longer SRTs resulted in higher levels of SMP, with SMP ranging from 17 to 59 mg COD/L when acetate was the sole carbon and energy source and 50 to 291 mg COD/L when glucose was the substrate. Normalized production of SMP (SMP/influent COD = SMP/S o ) ranged from 0.2% to 1.0% for acetate reactors and 0.6% to 2.5% for glucose reactors. Steady-state results from chemostats fed glucose showed that as SRT increased, SMP/S o decreased to a minimum and then increased, indicating the existence of an optimal operating SRT that would result in a minimum normalized production of SMP. Effluent soluble COD was mostly SMP; the fraction of effluent soluble COD made up of SMP increased with increasing SRT. Production of SMP from glucose reactors was modeled. Normalized production of SMP during anaerobic treatment appears to be lower when compared with aerobic production of SMP reported in the literature.
The Employee Associations and their Relations with the Overall Management of Universities in Peshawar: Issues and Barriers

Employee associations serve as resources of interested employees in helping the advisory committees and the staff task forces. Besides, they may also help in publicizing information of interest, procedures, and policy to employees and participate actively in the process of academic review. In universities, a significant role is played by employees’ unions. Unlike Employee unions, the existence of employee associations differs a lot. Many benefits can be gained from the relationship between the management of the University and employee association. It has been found that in the past, universities in Pakistan have failed to revive and engage with their employees, due to which effectiveness was lost majorly by the associations present in the universities. This research paper will critically reflect upon the relationship between the employee association and the overall management of the universities of Peshawar. Further, it will also identify the significant barriers and issues faced by the employees' associations.
Six Local Sheep Breeds AFLP Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Xinjiang

Research on the molecular level from sheep breeds of genetic diversity between resources for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources in Xinjiang local sheep to provide a basis.Screened with eight pairs of E+3/M+3 primer place on the six breeds of sheep genomic DNA for AFLP amplification.According to the AFLP analysis,statistics for each primer combination in each species was detected in the polymorphic bands and specific bands were calculated by six sheep breeds genetic similarity coefficients and genetic distance and UPGMA clustering to build a relationship Fig.The results showed that 8 pairs of primer combinations get total of 334 clearly identifiable bands,it means primer combinations generated 41.75 polymorphic markers,and obtains 103 polymorphic bands,percentage of polymorphic loci was 30.838%,while all varieties also detect specific bands.The relationship of sheep Kazak recently with Altai(0.907),Kerkezi sheep was the longest Kazak(0.437),The six sheep of the local breeds are divided into 3 categories.So the six sheep of local breeds have abundant genetic diversity,genetic similarity coefficients and clustering results to the geographical distribution of sheep breeds,coincide with the actual situation,the surface of AFLP markers for genetic diversity analysis of sheep place is feasible.
Isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria associated with Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia alba of Nam Can district, Ca Mau Mangrove Ecosystem

A total of 86 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from 12 plant samples of two kinds of mangroves at Nam Can district, Ca Mau Peninsula (Ca Mau province, Mekong Delta of Vietnam). All of them showed the potential abilities of ammonium synthesis, phosphate solubilization, and excellent IAA biosynthesis. Especially, while all of the strains tolerated at a concentration of 4% NaCl, 17 bacterial isolates demonstrated a large salt tolerance ranging from 4.5 to 7%. 5 isolates regarding to the best of ability in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, IAA biosynthesis, siderophores and high salt tolerance were chosen to sequence and the results showed high degrees of similarity to those of the GenBank reference strains (99%). There were 3/5 strains belonged to Bacilli, and 2/5 strains were Gamma-Proteobacteria. Whereas our results showed that there were some good strains for nitrogen fixation, the strain Enterobacter cloacae NDNC1e revealed as a promising candidate with multiple beneficial characteristics (good nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, IAA biosynthesis and high salt tolerance). Besides, the isolated bacterial strain has the potential for application as inoculants adapted to many kinds of crops grown on poor and saline soils because it is not only famous strain, but also safe strain for sustainable agriculture in “sea level rise”condition.
Altered regulation of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in β-phenylethyl-alcohol-overproducing mutants of Sake yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mutants resistant to the phenylalanine analogues o-fluoro-dl-phenylalanine (OFP) or p-fluoro-dl-phenylalanine (PFP) were isolated from a sake yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai No. 9. They produced large amounts of β-phenylethyl alcohol and its acetate ester, which are rose-like flavor components. The tyrosine-dependent isozyme of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHP synthase; EC 4.1.2.15), in one of the OFP-resistant mutants was released from feedback inhibition by tyrosine. This mutant overproduced tyrosine in addition to β-phenylethyl alcohol and phenylalanine in minimal medium. In the PFP-resistant mutants, the activity of prephenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.12) was decreased to 5% of that in the wild type strain, while its DAHP synthase was increased four-fold. The tyrosine-dependent isozyme of this mutant was still sensitive to tyrosine. This mutant also overproduced tryptophan and phenylalanine in addition to β-phenylethyl alcohol in minimal medium.
Abstract—Neutron irradiation of titanium oxide memristors is studied through Monte Carlo simulations of neutron transport

Neutron irradiation of titanium oxide memristors is studied through Monte Carlo simulations of neutron transport. Separate software packages are utilized for registering primary knock-on atom distribution, resulting from incident neutrons, and subsequent energy deposition of these displaced ions. Energy deposition mechanisms for secondary ions are compared at various incident neutron energies. Ranges of neutron energy for which radiation-induced changes in the oxide layer are expected to cause greatest alterations of memristor functionality are identified and linked to energy deposition pathways. Index Terms — Neutrons; memristors; titanium dioxide, Monte Carlo simulation.
Effects of over-grazing on vegetation degradation of the Kobresia pygmaea meadow and determination of degenerative index in the Naqu Prefecture of Tibet

In this paper, the investigation and analysis of vegetation of the Kobresia pygmaea meadow under different grazing intensities was conducted in the middle region of the Naqu Prefecture. Results showed that the grasslands had suffered from over-grazing ranging from 69% to 260% in areas near residential locations. The over-grazed grasslands were shown to have a significantly lower diversity index, coverage percent, and standing biomass yield than that of enclosed grasslands which are protected from grazing. With increasing stocking rates, the number of sedge family species which are drought-resistance and inedible by livestock showed increasing numbers. Using the degenerative index based on the change in vegetation features, the K. pygmaea meadow was classified as having areas ranging from mid-level to heavy degradation, with areas showing a tendency towards further degradation. The grasslands in extremely over-grazed areas have reached the serious degradation stage and the grasslands in medium to high over-grazed areas have reached the medium degradation stage, the percentage of these stages being 9% and 91%, respectively. This figure was more severe than that recorded in 1996.
Breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP/ABCG2):its role in multidrug resistance and regulation of its gene expression

Breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2(ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette(ABC) transporter identified as a molecular cause of multidrug resistance(MDR) in diverse cancer cells.BCRP physiologically functions as a part of a self-defense mechanism for the organism;it enhances elimination of toxic xenobiotic substances and harmful agents in the gut and biliary tract,as well as through the blood-brain,placental,and possibly blood-testis barriers.BCRP recognizes and transports numerous anticancer drugs including conventional chemotherapeutic and targeted small therapeutic molecules relatively new in clinical use.Thus,BCRP expression in cancer cells directly causes MDR by active efflux of anticancer drugs.Because BCRP is also known to be a stem cell marker,its expression in cancer cells could be a manifestation of metabolic and signaling pathways that confer multiple mechanisms of drug resistance,self-renewal(stemness),and invasiveness(aggressiveness),and thereby impart a poor prognosis.Therefore,blocking BCRP-mediated active efflux may provide a therapeutic benefit for cancers.Delineating the precise molecular mechanisms for BCRP gene expression may lead to identification of a novel molecular target to modulate BCRP-mediated MDR.Current evidence suggests that BCRP gene transcription is regulated by a number of trans-acting elements including hypoxia inducible factor 1α,estrogen receptor,and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.Furthermore,alternative promoter usage,demethylation of the BCRP promoter,and histone modification are likely associated with drug-induced BCRP overexpression in cancer cells.Finally,PI3K/AKT signaling may play a critical role in modulating BCRP function under a variety of conditions.These biological events seem involved in a complicated manner.Untangling the events would be an essential first step to developing a method to modulate BCRP function to aid patients with cancer.This review will present a synopsis of the impact of BCRP-mediated MDR in cancer cells,and the molecular mechanisms of acquired MDR currently postulated in a variety of human cancers.
Effect of propolis and N-acetylcysteine supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses distribution and paraoxonase 1 activity in subjects with acute respiratory infection

Background Propolis and N-acetylcysteine have positive impact on respiratory tract health. Also, it has been suggested that they have beneficial effects on serum lipid and oxidative stress status, but the available data are limited and mostly gained from animal models. In this study we evaluated the effects of propolis and N-acetylcysteine supplementation (PropoMucil®) on lipid status, lipoprotein subclasses distribution and paraoxonase 1 activity in subjects with acute respiratory infection. Methods Twenty subjects with acute respiratory infection were included. PropoMucil® granules for oral solution (80 mg of dry propolis extract and 200 mg of N-acetylcysteine) were administered tree times per day for ten days. Serum lipid profile, paraoxonase 1 activity and low-density and high-density lipoprotein size and subclasses distribution were assessed at baseline and after supplementation. Results Following ten days of supplementation lipid status remained unchanged, but a significant increase of low-density lipoprotein particle size and proportion of high-density lipoprotein 3a particles were found (P<0.05). Moreover, supplementation with PropoMucil® significantly improved high-density lipoprotein particles distribution, particularly in those who smoke. There was a moderate increase of paraoxonase 1 activity, but without statistical significance. Conclusions The presented study demonstrated that short-term supplementation with PropoMucil® has beneficial effects on low-density and high-density lipoprotein subclasses distribution and paraoxonase 1 activity in subjects with acute respiratory infection particularly in those who smoke.
Fractal Characterization of Root System Architecture

1. The fractal dimensions of seedling root systems of two grasses and two dicots growing in situ against glass sheets have been measured using the dividers method. Values were mostly below 1.5. 2. D was little affected by nutrient supply in Trifolium pratense, but differed significantly between four other species. 3. Values of D increased with age, slowly at first, then more rapidly and finally levelled off or declined slightly. This behaviour appears to correspond to the initial phase of radical branching pattern, which is then maintained. 4. D was negatively correlated with exterior link length and positively with topological index
The Endemic Avifauna of Saipan, Tinian, Guam and Palau

In the year from December, 1944, to December, 1945, I made a zoological collection, chiefly animals of medical interest, on the islands of Saipan, Tinian, Guam and Palau in Micronesia. These were obtained for the United States Army Medical Museum. Birds were collected incidentally to procuring a collection of mammals and their ectoparasites; they were turned over to the United States National Museum by the Army Medical Museum. Richard E. Genelly worked with me on Tinian and generously provided the photographs used in this paper. In my spare time I recorded field observations and prepared series of study skins, some skeletons and alcoholics of birds which were sent to the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Through the courtesy of Herbert Friedmann of the United States National Museum the first-mentioned bird skins were loaned to the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology where the following account of the endemic land and fresh-water species was prepared. It is based upon the 579 specimens collected by Genelly and myself and upon my field notes. An effort was made to obtain the maximum information possible from each bird specimen. Color of soft parts, degree of completion of the skull roof, size of gonads, stomach contents, amount of fat and stage in the molt sequence were recorded. I searched also for blood parasites in the species taken on Saipan and Tinian. Further information was obtained, though not reported here. Samuel A. Edgar identified intestinal parasites and Henry S. Dybas identified arthropods in the stomachs and collected ectoparasites, which were sent to the National Museum.
Comparative analysis of Cassandra TRIMs in three Brassicaceae genomes

Terminal-repeat retrotransposon in miniature (TRIM) elements are a miniature form of retrotransposons and play an important role in genome organization. The Cassandra TRIM family has been identified in over 50 plant species, including both monocots and dicots. Cassandra elements carry an independently transcribed 5S RNA sequence in their terminal repeat regions, which is unique compared with other TRIM families. Although the existence of Cassandra elements has been documented in many plants, much work remains to characterize Cassandra family members and elucidate their distribution. In this study, we comparatively analysed the Cassandra family members in the Brassica oleracea, B. rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana genomes. A total of 602, 451 and 173 members, of which 130, 60 and 9 were relatively intact, were identified from the B. oleracea, B. rapa and A. thaliana genomes, respectively. Most of the Cassandra elements (1120/1226) were found in intergenic spaces, but 106 elements were inserted in genic regions such as introns, exons and untranslated regions. Our comparative analysis of the Cassandra family members in A. thaliana, B. rapa and B. oleracea reveals that some Cassandra elements have been commonly retained during the last 20 million years in three species and some elements have been uniquely evolved in Brassica species. This study promotes our understanding of the role and utility of Cassandra elements in the evolution of the Brassicaceae family.