Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Production of high tannin content and antioxidant activity extract from an unripe peel of Musa acuminata (Cavendish) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)

Musa acuminata (Cavendish) unripe peel is a waste product of limited value that is generated in large quantities. Therefore, the conversion of this by-product into a more useful product is necessary. This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters, including extraction temperature, extraction time, preincubation time, and solid to solvent concentration from an unripe banana peel using response surface methodology (RSM). The UAE parameters affected the recovery of yield, total tannin content, and flavonoid content with antioxidant activities. The optimum extraction temperature was 60 °C with an optimum extraction time of 30.0 min. Additional optimum conditions included 25.0 min for the preincubation time and 5.03% solid to solvent concentration. The optimum yield processing parameter of crude extract of unripe peel was 14.9% and the total tannin content was 119.2 mg TAE per g of the sample. Furthermore, the content of flavonoid was 29.0 mg RE per g of the sample and the DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity was 80.8% and 84.7%, respectively. The results from this study can be used for further isolation and purification of tannin from unripe banana peel. Further explorations could lead to the possible application of bio-based polymer in packaging materials.
Customer Segmentation Based On Recency Frequency Monetary Model: A Case Study in E-Retailing

Marketing studies have often drawn attention to the importance of customers for businesses that aim to endure in a harsh competitive environment. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has been a prominent approach in marketing management that aims to improve relationships with customers. A practical implication of the CRM approach is the analysis of customer data to extract value for businesses, as well as customers. In this context, customer segmentation has been a useful task that helps to group customers with similar attributes and designate better-tailored marketing strategies for customer groups. Among a variety of approaches for customer segmentation, Recency Frequency Monetary (RFM) Model stands out as an easy-to-adopt and effective technique. Based on three dimensions regarding the sales data, the RFM Model depends on scoring customers with different approaches. In this study, a prototype software is introduced that helps to apply the RFM technique with two scoring approaches. Moreover, the sales data obtained from an e-retailer has been analyzed for clustering using the prototype software, and clusters discovered with RFM variants were compared using cluster evaluation metrics. Finally, the segments were presented along with relevant offers for marketing strategies. Pazarlama alanindaki calismalarda, yogun rekabet ile basa cikmaya calisan isletmeler acisindan musterilerin onemine siklikla dikkat cekildigi gorulmektedir. Pazarlama yonetimi baglaminda one cikan bir yaklasim olan Musteri Iliskileri Yonetimi (MIY), isletmeler ile musterileri arasinda kurulan iliskilerin gelistirilmesini amaclamaktadir. Musteri verisinin isletme ve musterileri icin deger yaratmak uzere analiz edilmesi, MIY’in uygulamada gereksinimlerinden birisi olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu baglamda musteri bolumlendirme, benzer niteliklere sahip musteri gruplarinin ortaya cikarilarak grup odakli pazarlama stratejilerinin uyarlanmasi icin yararli bir islev gormektedir. Musteri bolumlendirme icin ortaya konulmus cesitli yaklasimlar arasinda RFM Modeli, etkin ve kolay uyarlanabilir olmasiyla one cikmaktadir. Musterilerin satis verisine iliskin 3 farkli boyut uzerinden siralanmasina dayanan yontem, siralamada kullanilan puanlama bicimine gore cesitli yaklasimlara konu olmaktadir. Bu calismada, RFM yontemini iki farkli puanlama yaklasimi ile yurutmek uzere gelistirilmis bir prototip yazilim tanitilmaktadir. Bir e-perakende isletmesinden alinan satis verisi sozu edilen yazilim ile incelenmis, RFM modeline iliskin her iki puanlama yontemi ile bolumlendirme yapilmis, bulgular veri madenciligi baglaminda degerlendirme olcutleri ile karsilastirilmistir. Son olarak ortaya cikarilan musteri bolumleri sunulmus ve secilen gruplara yonelik oneriler siralanmistir.
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SCALLOPED SPINY-LOBSTER PANULIRUS HOMARUS RUBELLUS IN THE SOUTHWEST INDIAN OCEAN

The Mozambique Channel between south-east Africa and Madagascar potentially forms a barrier to larval dispersal and thus gene flow across the channel, even in species with long larval lifespans such as spiny lobsters. The DNA of 181 specimens of Panulirus homarus rubellus Berry, 1974, collected from six sites along the African coast and a site in Madagascar, was sequenced (591 base pairs) to investigate gene flow along the coast and across the channel. Bayesian methods were implemented to infer genetic structure and relatedness. A total of 112 haplotypes were recovered, of which 78% were unique. Samples from Africa and Madagascar did not share any haplotypes and differed by 78 mutations and 3% DNA divergence. These distinct lineages suggest an absence of contemporary gene flow across the Mozambique Channel. Shallow genetic structure along approximately 1000 km of African coastline comprised combinations of seven distinct lineages but did not correspond to known biogeographic provinces. The African lineage appeared to be ancestral, and the source population for the Madagascan clade. Genetic isolation in refuges during glacial periods, followed by subsequent range expansions and secondary contact, may account for the high diversity in the African lineages.
Etnobiologi Kota Amlapura, Karangasem, Bali: Amla, Amlapura dan Phyllanthus emblica L. (Phyllanthaceae)

Amlapura is a Sanskrit name for the city of Karangasem and the result of the ethnobiological research conducted in this study indicates that it refers to a species of plant named Phyllanthus emblica (Phyllantaceae). In Indonesian, particularly Javanese the name is known as ‘malaka’, ‘mlaka’, ‘kemloko’, or ‘mloko’. This present ethnobiological study also raises a possibility that the name ‘mlaka’ is an indigenous Austronesian word instead and entered Sanskrit through Dravidian languages.
Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli

Objectives: E. coli O25b-ST131 has disseminated worldwide in hospitals and the community. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which E. coli O25b-ST131 accounts for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli from clinical samples from all sources in this region. Methods: Between January and June 2010 ESBL-producing E. coli were collected from 94 routine samples including 47 from residents of 25 nursing homes, 15 categorized as hospital acquired and 32 others. PCR was performed for detection of blaCTX-M, blaOXA-1, blaTEM, blaSHV and for the identification of members of the E. coli O25b:ST131 clonal group. PFGE was carried out using XbaI in accordance with PulseNet protocols. Results: The majority (97%) of isolates harbored a blaCTX-M gene. E. coli O25b-ST131 accounted for 87% of all ESBL-producing E. coli and for 96% of isolates from nursing home residents. Conclusion: The E. coli O25b-ST131 clonal group predominated in the collection of ESBL-producing E. coli, particularly in nursing home isolates.
Reproductive biology and postnatal development in sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus: review with original data from the field (French Guiana) and from captivity

The reproductive biology of sloths remains obscure despite accounts on mating in the wild and in captivity. We present field data collected in French Guiana over a period of 16 months in the framework of an animal rescue carried out during the filling of a hydroelectric dam, and captive data obtained from breeding records from different zoos. According to these data and a review of the literature, we determined the most likely values for different reproductive parameters in sloths. Choloepus didactylus have a 10-month gestation period with an inter-birth interval of 16 months or more; young become independent around 12 months. The gestation period is similar in Choloepus hoffmanni, but the inter-birth interval is 15 months and young become independent around 9 months. In Bradypus tridactylus pregnancy seems to last 6 months, the inter-birth interval is approximately 12 months, and the age at which young become independent is about 5 months. In Bradypus variegatus the gestation period is 6 months and the inter-birth interval 10–12 months; young become independent at 6 months. The occurrence of post-partum oestrus was established in both genera. All species of sloths have only one young per litter; weaning takes place at a few weeks yet offspring continue riding on their mother until independence. Reproduction does not appear seasonal in Choloepus didactylus, it may be slightly seasonal in Choloepus hoffmanni;Bradypus variegatus have a mating season before the rains, and in Bradypus tridactylus reproduction is clearly seasonal. We suggest that these differences in reproductive strategies are basically linked to different diets. Although sloths are not endangered at present, they are threatened by loss of rainforest habitat. Since these species have such a low reproductive rate and Bradypus do not adapt—let alone reproduce—outside their natural environment, it is essential to understand their habitat requirements and population parameters for conservation purposes.
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LOS POLIQUETOS DE FONDOS BLANDOS ENDÉMICOS DE FIORDOS Y CANALES CHILENOS

Por su geografia y caracteristicas los ﬁordos y canales Fuego-Patagonicos conforman un area claramente distintiva de la costa chilena que se ex-tiende desde los 42° hasta los 56° de latitud sur. El perimetro de las islas y peninsulas que la componen, posee alrededor de 84.000 km de linea de costa, mientras que en linea recta solo se extiende por alrededor de 1.000 km. Esta zona es considerada una de las areas estuarinas mas extensas del planeta y, al mismo tiempo, por su aislamiento y problemas de conectividad, una de las areas menos conocida en Chile (Silva & Palma 2006). En el contexto de la zoogeografia marina, el area de los ﬁordos y canales en Chile ha sido objeto de varias clasiﬁcaciones. Forbes (1854), basado en la distribucion de especies de peces, moluscos y equinodermos, reconoce dos divisiones en esta area, denominadas “Araucana” y “Fueguina”. Ekman (1935), utilizando un conjunto mas amplio de especies de invertebrados marinos, denomino toda el area como “Sudamerica Antiboreal”. Balech (1954) fue el primero en proponer un esquema zoogeograﬁco para la llamada region de Magallanes, subdividien-dola en 5 distritos: “Valdiviano” y “Chiloensis”, en la costa Paciﬁca, “Santacruceno” y “Chubutiano” en la costa Atlantica, y un quinto distrito, “Fueguino”, el cual conecta ambas costas de la isla grande de Tierra del Fuego. Luego de numerosas revisiones y esquemas zoogeograﬁcos propuestos en la literatura (e.g. Hed-gpeth 1979, Viviani 1979, Brattstrom & Johanssen 1983, Stuardo & Valdovinos 1992, Briggs 1995, Lancellotti & Vasquez 1999, 2000 y Fernandez et al. 2000, entre otros), aun esta en discusion la extension de la region de Magallanes hacia la costa Atlantica como una sola unidad biogeograﬁca (Camus 2001). Solo en las ultimas decadas, los poliquetos de esta area han sido incluidos en los analisis bio-geograﬁcos (Lancellotti & Vasquez 1999, Glasby & Alvarez 1999, Fernandez et al. 2000). Montiel et al. (2005), basados en la distribucion geograﬁca de los poliquetos, y siguiendo la nomenclatura bio-geograﬁca de Longhurst (1998), determinaron que los ﬁordos y canales conforman una sola unidad biogeograﬁca que denominaron “Provincia de Cabo de Hornos”, en relacion con la corriente marina, y que es diferente tanto de la que se encuentra al norte de ella, “Provincia de Humboldt”, como la del lado Atlantico, “Provincia de Falkland”. Es asi como el esquema zoogeograﬁco de la region de ﬁordos y canales no ha sido permanente en el tiempo y sus caracteristicas aun son poco descriptivas.
HYDRODYNAMIC ASSESMENT ON MOTION PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF GENERIC WAVE ENERGY POINT ABSORBERS

This work condenses various modeling techniques for different Point Absorber configurations. An alternating frequency time domain model is implemented in MatlabFORTRAN in order to compute the displacement, velocities and the power absorbed in the heave mode for both single and multiple body configurations. Coupling of different degrees of freedom are merely contemplated with regard to a single buoy motion. NEMOH and BEMIO solvers are applied in the solution of Newtons second law according to the Boundary Element Methodology. Initially, this Wave-to-Wire model is validated through comparison with previous experimental results for a floating cone cylinder shape (Buldra-FO3). A single, generic, vertical floating cylinder is contemplated then, that responds to the action of the passing regular waves excitation. Later, two equally sized vertical floating cylinders aligned with the incident wave direction are modeled for a variable distance between the bodies. In deep water, we approximate the convolutive radiation force function term through the Prony method. Using for instance triangular or diamond shaped arrays of three and four bodies respectively, the study delves into the interaction effects for regular waves. The results highlight the most efficient layout for maximizing the energy production whilst providing important insights into their performance, revealing displacement amplification-, capture width-ratios and the commonly known park effect.
Interferons: Mechanisms, Biological Activities and Survey of their Use in Human Diseases

Human interferons (IFNs) form a family of cytokines produced by a large number of cells. On the basis of their physicochemical and biological properties, the IFN family can be subdivided into two subtypes: the Type I IFNs (￻ , ￻ , ￻ ) and the Type II IFN represented by IFN-￻ . IFN binding to specific cell surface receptors activates the Jaks kinases which phosphorylate Stats leading to their dimerization, translocation to the nucleus, and activation of their transcription factor activity. In addition, IFNs activate several protein kinases including the MAP kinase family, and downstream transcription factors through Stat-independent pathways. IFNs could induce the expression of more than 300 genes. Through these Stat-dependent and Stat-independent pathways, IFNs exhibit antiviral, antitumor, and immune-enhancing properties. Recombinant DNA technology has allowed IFNs to be produced i n sufficient quantity for large scale clinical studies. IFNs are effective in the treatment of viral diseases (hepatitis B and C, VIH, HPV), solid tumors (melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, renal and hepatocellular carcinomas), hematological disorders (hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, chronic granulomatosis) and in other diseases such as multiple sclerosis and infancy hemangioma. The limitations to their clinical use include side effects such as induced toxicity and development of antibodies in patients. Pegylated IFNs (IFN covalently bound to polyethylene glycol polymers) with little inmunogenicity, longer plasma half-life, greater stability and efficacy, as single agents or i n combination with other therapeutic agents, appear to improve IFN clinical efficacy. New options involve IFN gene therapy.
Cytotoxic α/β+ and γ/δ+ T cells in murine intestinal epithelium

Murine intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) consist of two main populations. Approximately half are Thy‐1+, most of which are CD3+, T cell receptor (TcR) α/β+, and the remainder are Thy‐1−, most of which are CD3+, TcR α/β (presumably TcR γ/δ+). In redirected cytotoxicity assays, TcR α/β+ IEL are potent cytotoxic effectors. Thy‐1−, CD3+, TcR α/β− IEL isolated from athymic mice are also cytotoxic. Thus, regardless of TcR usage or Thy‐1 expression, IEL are cytotoxic effectors.
The Effectiveness of Using Integrated Cognitive-Spiritual Counseling Interventional Approach on Adherence to the Treatment Regimen and its Components in Hemodialysis Patients

Introduction: Dialysis is a type of medical treatment in which the blood is filtered using special equipment that helps maintain the balance of liquids and the body’s electrolytes. Non-compliance with the treatment regimen is one of the obstacles to successful dialysis in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the integrated approach of spiritual-cognitive counseling on adherence to the treatment or therapy regimen and its components in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and control group was used. The statistical population of the study included all hemodialysis patients who needed and used hemodialysis in Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad in the spring of 2019. For this study, 30 individuals were selected through convenient sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group 15). A pre-test with a questionnaire about adherence to therapy regimen was given at the same time and conditions. Then, the intervention was performed using the combined method of spiritual-cognitive counseling for eight ninety-minute sessions on the experimental group. At the same time, the control group did not receive any interventions. After completing the courses, the post-test was administered for both groups. Results: The results of multivariate and one-variable covariance analysis showed that the intervention of the combined approach of spiritual-cognitive counseling was effective in compliance with the regimen and its components in hemodialysis patients and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results, the combined approach of cognitive-spiritual counseling can increase compliance with the treatment regimen and its components in hemodialysis patients. So, this method can be used to adhere to the hemodialysis treatment regimen.
Temperature-Dependent Fluctuation Of Stamen Number In Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae)

Floral organ number is often fixed within families, and the basic floral ground plan of Brassicaceae is well conserved. Cardamine hirsuta L. (Brassicaceae) shows variation in lateral stamen number, that is, zero to two lateral stamens. The aim of this study was to examine whether temperature conditions alter stamen number. Temporal changes in the frequency of flowers with zero, one, and two lateral stamens were assessed during the flowering periods of a natural population and a garden-transplanted population in Japan. We conducted an experiment to evaluate how temperature regimes during flowering (15°/15°C and 15°/5°C) alter the number of stamens. The proportion of flowers with zero lateral stamens increased in both the natural and the garden-transplanted population as the flowering season progressed. In the growth experiment, lateral stamen numbers fluctuated even within individual inflorescences, but the frequency of flowers with zero lateral stamens was higher in the high-temperature condition than in the low-temperature condition. Temperature-dependent phenotypic plasticity is likely to be the cause of the field-observed variation in lateral stamen number for C. hirsuta. Developmentally unstable but partly temperature-dependent production of the lateral stamen may be an indication of some epigenetic regulations as an underlying mechanism.
Lessons from Masters World Records: Lack of Gender Differences In Aging Muscle Decay Rates

Guidolin D1, Gava P2, Ravara B2,3, Kern H4, Amber Pond L5 and Albertin G1,6* 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy 2A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Italy 3Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Italy 4Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, Austria 5Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, USA 6Human Movement Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
The influence of host plant variation and intraspecific competition on oviposition preference and offspring performance in the host races of Eurosta solidaginis

1. A series of experiments was conducted to measure the impact of plant genotype, plant growth rate, and intraspecific competition on the oviposition preference and offspring performance of the host races of Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae), a fly that forms galls on Solidago altissima and Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae). Previous research has shown that both host races prefer to oviposit on their own host plant where survival is much higher than on the alternate host plant. In this study, neither host race showed any relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance in choosing among plants of their natal host species.
Toxic Effects of Aldicarb and Its Metabolites On Second Stage Larvae of Heterodera Schachtii

An apparatus for hatching cyst forming nematodes is described. Observations on the effects of concentrations of 2 to 40 ppm aldicarb, aldicarb sulphoxide, aldicarb sulphone and aldicarb oxime sulphoxide on activity and coiling responses of second stage larvae of Heterodera schachtii showed aldicarb to be the most toxic compound. Aldicarb sulphoxide and aldicarb sulphone both affected nematode movement, but aldicarb oxime sulphoxide had no effect. Activity of nematodes decreased with increased duration of exposure to, and with increase in concentration of, the toxic compounds. Hyperactivity was observed in some individuals on exposure to all compounds except aldicarb oxime sulphoxide.
Evolution of Resistance to High Temperature in Ectotherms

Body temperature influences the performance and fitness of ectotherms. How thermal sensitivity responds to selection for resistance to high temperature is broadly relevant in evolutionary physiology and also has practical implications. We review several complementary approaches to studying the evolution of thermal sensitivity. First, we analyze comparative data that illustrate the historical evolution of thermal sensitivity of locomotion in iguanid lizards. Taxa that experience high body temperatures in nature have evolved high optimal temperatures for sprinting. Critical thermal maxima are co-adapted with optimal temperatures but not with critical thermal minima. Thus some but not all aspects of thermal sensitivity are co-adapted. Second, we describe selection experiments that help reveal potential genetic constraints on the future evolution of thermal sensitivity in Drosophila. Thermal sensitivity responds rapidly both to laboratory natural selection and artificial selection, and tolerance of extreme high temperature appears genetically correlated with performance at intermediate temperature. Third, applying a recent model by Lynch and Lande, we describe how the shape of thermal performance curves may affect evolutionary responses of thermal sensitivity to a gradual shift in the thermal environment. Our theoretical predictions depend crucially on the relationship between the genetic variation in optimal temperature and the performance breadth. If genetic variation is independent of breadth, then populations with an intermediate value of performance breadth will tolerate the greatest rate of environmental change. Moreover, if a trade-off exists between maximum performance and breadth of performance, then thermal specialists will be favored over thermal generalists in a rapidly changing environment. On the other hand, if genetic variation increases with increasing breadth, then populations of thermal generalists will tolerate the greatest rates of environmental change.