Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Small mammal communities and fire in the Brazilian Cerrado

The Cerrado biome is a complex of open forests, gallery forests and savanna vegetation that harbours about 60 species of small mammals. Despite the frequent occurrence of fire in this habitat, few studies have analysed its effects on the small mammal communities in the Cerrado. The purpose of this study was to compare small mammal communities of two Cerrado areas with different fire frequencies (2–3 years or more than 18 years since the last fire). Species diversity, species composition, and relative abundance of the most common species of these communities were analysed in both areas before and after fire. One trapping grid was established in each of the two areas. These areas were sampled monthly or bi-monthly during 1 year before and 1 year after prescribed fires. Both areas had communities with similar species composition, but the protected site had more species, before and after fire (seven and eight, respectively), than the frequently burned site (five and six species, respectively). Both sites showed significant post-fire changes for a short time period (3 months), but only the area that had been protected against fire for more time showed significant post-fire changes in relative abundance of the most common species (the murid rodents Bolomys lasiurus , Calomys callosus , C. tener , Oryzomys subflavus , and Thalpomys cerradensis ) for the 1 year following fire. Overall diversity tended to be greater in the protected site both before and after fire. Species composition and diversity indices of the small mammal communities were relatively unaffected by the fires. Thalpomys cerradensis , however, appeared to use only areas that burn frequently and C. callosus showed an immediate post-fire increase in population size in both areas, contrasting with a simultaneous decrease in number of B . lasiurus .
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND SLEEP HEALTH

Sleep is one of the most important factors that influence mental and physical health components different factors can affect sleep quality and quantity such as nutritional status. This study investigated the association between nutritional status and sleep status. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 with presence 190 employees of Kermanshah university of medical sciences (KUMS) with aged 37/24±9/63 years from both sexes. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling. Data was collected by a questionnaire including Demographic information, Anthropometric measurement, sleep questionnaire and Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 software using Chi-Square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for founding the association between nutritional status with quantity and quality of sleep. In this research we found out quality of sleep in subjects with normal weight was 3 times higher than people who was overweight or obese(p-value =0/04 , OR = 3, CI =1/04 – 8/63) and sleep duration in people with high BMI was higher (7-9 hours) than people with standard BMI(<7 hours) (p <0/035). Quality of sleep in people who had eaten less than 3 serving of vegetables group was lower than people who had eaten 3-5 serving of this food group(P-value = 0.02 , OR = 8/58 ,CI = 1 / 28-61 / 20). Consumption of 2-4 serving of dairy products in day acts as protective factor for sleep quality. This study is showing the effect of weight and dietary pattern on sleep status. Having the appropriate weight range and a balance diet can play an important role in benefit from quality sleep.
Composition and food properties of Pachyrhizus ahipa roots and starch

The aims of this work were to evaluate productivity and postharvest handling conditions for ahipa roots; to establish a starch extraction procedure and to characterise the morphological, physicochemical and pasting properties of ahipa starch. Plants were grown in Misiones (Argentina), evaluating three planting densities and the application of a flower pruning (FP) practice. FP increased roots yield without modifying the functional properties of the starch. Storage assays allowed to rule out refrigeration and select 25 °C as an appropriate temperature. Starch extraction yield was 56.54 g 100 g roots (dry basis). Amylose content was 10.75%. The starch diffractograms were assigned to a type C pattern. Ahipa starch pastes gelatinised at relatively low temperature and showed low retrogradation tendency under refrigeration conditions. Rheological properties indicated that ahipa starch might be adequate as a food thickener. Thus, native ahipa starch seems to be an alternative to other traditional starch sources. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation
Fatty Acids Profile and Cholesterol Contents of Three Brazilian Brycon Freshwater Fishes

This study was carried out to determine the cholesterol and fatty acids in muscle tissue (filet) of three in natura species of Brazilian fishes Brycon cephalus (matrinxa), B. microlepis (piraputanga) and B. orbignyanus (piracanjuba). The non-native fishes were collected in farms (cultured in pond and cages) near Maringa. The native species were collected in Cuiaba–Manso rivers (B. microlepis), and Parana river (B. orbignyanus) that belong to the Platina hydrographic basin. Differences were observed (P<0.05) for moisture (70.48–74.06%), ashes (1.05–1.32) and crude protein (18.84–20.03%). The total lipids and cholesterol contents were found in the range of 2.49–7.94% and 40.99–52.79 mg/100 g, respectively. The native species presented the smallest values when compared to the non-native. All species presented oleic acid, C18:1 n -9, as predominant, (38.34–48.77%), followed by palmitic acid, C16:0, (21.90–26.57%) and stearic acid, C18:0, (8.32–15.66%). The largest amount of total n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed in the wild B. microlepis (3.61%) and B. orbignyanus (3.06%).
Textile Ultra-Wide Band Antenna With X Band For Breast Cancer Detection

To detect breast cancer with the use of textile materials flexible antenna. Methods: The suggested textile antenna is fabricated with felt, as a substrate, and a conductive fabric: zelt, as a patch and ground plane. Multiple simulations were done in order to obtain an idea about the reflection coefficient, gain, directivity especially the specific absorption rate (SAR), which can valorize the antenna performance and guarantee human security in the presence of electromagnetic waves. The current density results are compared to each other in multiple cases in order to assure the detection process with several size of tumor (from 2 to 8 mm). The antenna works in the X band (from 8 to 12 GHz) which has been dedicated for satellite applications from past many years, radar and many other applications including the medical field where antenna has been used to help in patient monitoring, especially in the case of dangerous diseases like cancer. Findings: A novel proposed structure, with reduced size, flexible substrate and good efficiency percentage was obtained with the main purpose of detecting a very small tumor. The simulation's results as well as the measured ones are very similar and suitable for the intended purpose. Application: In comparison with previous research, this novel proposed structure is characterized by a minimized size, good flexibility as well as with acceptable results in the gain, directivity and SAR value. But, the most important benefit is the antenna being helpful in the identification and detection of breast cancer with a minimum difference between the unhealthy and healthy breast, according to the current density results.
Distance chemoreception in Navanax inermis

Navanax inermis are able to locate prey without following their mucous trail. Presence of prey induces increased locomotion in Navanax which is sufficient to account for their ability to locate prey in a restricted environment. In a T‐maze distant chemostimuli from prey also initiate locomotion specifically directed toward the prey. The data presented indicate that Navanax detect distant chemostimuli and use this sense to find prey.
Improving the efficiency of wildlife monitoring by estimating detectability: a case study of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia

Demonstrating the existence of trends in monitoring data is of increasing practical importance to conservation managers wishing to preserve threatened species or reduce the impact of pest species. However, the ability to do so can be compromised if the species in question has low detectability and the true occupancy level or abundance of the species is thus obscured. Zero-inflated models that explicitly model detectability improve the ability to make sound ecological inference in such situations. In this paper we apply an occupancy model including detectability to data from the initial stages of a fox-monitoring program on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. We find that detectability is extremely low (<18%) and varies according to season and the presence or absence of roadside vegetation. We show that simple methods of using monitoring data to inform management, such as plotting the raw data or performing logistic regression, fail to accurately diagnose either the status of the fox population or its trajectory over time. We use the results of the detectability model to consider how future monitoring could be redesigned to achieve efficiency gains. A wide range of monitoring programs could benefit from similar analyses, as part of an active adaptive approach to improving monitoring and management.
Using multidimensional scaling technique in image dimension reduction for satellite image

A satellite multispectral sensor provides data in the form of several spectral image of particular area of the earth under observation. The amount of data by multispectral exhibit high-inter band correlation with redundancy of the information. In this research, we suggested using multidimensional scaling technique as a statistical technique to reduce image dimensions for reconstruction of a new image form multispectral image. The results proved the efficiency of this technique in providing high quality low dimension images based on the value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) that was measured to the new image. At the same time, the ability of this technique to reduce dimensions while preserving the basic characteristics of the image has been confirmed.
Mirror imaging phase response curves obtained for the circadian rhythm of a bat with single steps of light and darkness

Abstract The circadian rhythm in the flight activity of a tropical microchiropteran bat Taphozous melanopogon responds at all phases with delay phase shifts to single light‐on steps (DD/LL transfers). The circadian rhythm responds at all phases with advance phase shifts to single light‐off steps (LL/DD transfers). Phase shifts were measured from the delays or advances of the onsets of flight activity on days following DD/LL and LL/DD transfers relative to the temporal course of the onsets of activity in controls. The magnitude of the phase shifts was a function of the phases in which the transfers were made. The On‐PRC and Off‐PRC plotted from such data are mirror‐images in their time‐course and wave‐form. The phase shifts of the circadian rhythm in either direction were accompanied by changes in period (for the duration of our recordings after die transfer). The period lengthened following a delay shift and it shortened following an advance shift. The phase shifts are abrupt and discernible in the first .
Attempts to Improve the Growth and Fruiting of Barhi Date-palms under Salinity Stress

Background and Objectives: Minia governorate in Egypt as an arid land area suffers from high salinity in both soil and water used for irrigation, which causes an obstacle to the growth of date palm which is one of the promising crops. The objective of this study was to alleviate the adverse effect of salinity on growth and fruiting of Barhi cultivar by using humic acid as a soil addition at rate 50 mL per palm with foliar application of selenium and silicon both of them at 25 and 50 ppm single or combined. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out during two successive seasons (2018 and 2019) by choosing of 21 palms seven treatments each treatment replicated 3 replicates, the cultivation space was 8 by 8 m apart and the age of palms was about 8 years, in private orchard located in desert of west Samalout district, Minia governorate, Egypt. Results: The using of humic with application of selenium and silicon at high concentrate was very effective in enhancing the vegetative growth characters like total chlorophylls and nutritional statute of leaves (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) compare to control (untreated trees). The application of silicon at 50 ppm with humic acid was better than the using of selenium at 50 ppm with humic acid and also better of using both of them individual at 25 ppm and very near to use both of elements at 25 ppm with humic. Conclusion: Application of both selenium and silicon at 50 ppm with Humic was the superior treatment in yield, bunch weight, fruit physical and chemical characters.
Concise Synthesis of Ring-Fission Metabolites of Epicatechin: 5-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one M6

The ring-fission metabolites of epicatechin, 5-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one M6 and 3-methylated M6, were prepared from 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and furan-2(5H)-one using two new concise methods in excellent yields (three or two steps in 40–60% overall yield).
Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed with dietary levels of digestible lysine and threonine

The present study was developed using 864 Hy-Line W36 laying hens (42 to 58 weeks of age) with a randomized experimental design in a 4x3 factorial arrangement, with five replicates and 12 birds per experimental unit and 4 evaluation periods of 28 days each. The digestible lysine levels studied were 0.675%, 0.743%, 0.811% and 0.879%, and the digestible threonine levels were 0.542%, 0.596% and 0.650%. The performance and egg quality was evaluated. There were no significant effects on the egg production, specific gravity, albumen and yolk percentage and total solids in albumen and yolk for birds submitted to the different dietary digestible lysine and threonine levels. There was significant interaction between these amino acids on the egg shell percentage and Haugh unit in fresh eggs. There was a decreasing linear effect on the feed intake with increase of digestible lysine level. Egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion demonstrated a quadratic effect with the increase of the digestible lysine level with the best results in the diets with 0.754, 0.772 and 0.795% of digestible lysine, respectively.
Pattern and process in south Swedish forests during the last 3000 years, sensed at stand and regional scales

1 Two palaeoecological data sets were used to study forest development in the boreo‐nemoral zone of southern Sweden during the last 3000 years. Maps of forest types present in 1250 bc, ad 500 and today were compiled from regional pollen data and these were compared with 16 stand‐scale pollen analyses.
Strigolactone, a key regulator of nutrient allocation in plants

Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of terpenoid lactones that are derived from carotenoids. SLs have been found in a number of plant species and appear to serve several diverse physiological functions. SLs were first identified by their ability to stimulate seed germination of root-parasitic plants. Later, SLs were isolated as hyphal-branching inducers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitate the uptake of soil nutrients by plants. Most recently, SLs (or their derivatives) were found to be a new class of plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching. Considering these three roles of SLs, it was unclear at first why communication signals in the rhizosphere would regulate shoot branching in the host plant. Recent reports, however, suggest that plants produce SLs in response to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, stimulating changes in plant shoot and root architecture that enable them to adapt to environmental conditions. Excess SLs produced in roots are released into the soil, where they stimulate the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These symbiotic fungi supply inorganic nutrients that can be used by the plant. This review paper focuses on the physiological roles of SLs as a key regulator of nutrient allocation in plants.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies of Neurotransmitters and Energy Metabolism in Epilepsy

Summary: The application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study brain glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism and the coupling of neurotransmitter cycling to neuroenergetics has provided several new, and controversial, insights into the relationship of brain metabolism and function in humans and animal models. Contrary to the previous view of separate metabolic and neurotransmitter pools of glutamate, the glutamate–glutamine cycle has been shown to be a major metabolic pathway tightly coupled to cerebral electrical activity and glucose metabolism. The glycogen‐shunt model provides a mechanistic explanation for the uncoupling of glucose consumption and oxidation during enhanced cerebral electrical activity. A ketogenic diet improves the cerebral energy state of patients with refractory epilepsy. Ketones may act by providing oxidative fuel for non–neurotransmission‐linked cerebral energy needs. This resulting sparing effect on glucose essentially provides an extra source of substrate to eliminate synaptic glutamate, which ultimately reduces excitability. Postictal glutamate reuptake is threefold slower in the gliotic yet epileptogenic human hippocampus, suggesting partial dysfunction of the glia, slowing the glutamate–glutamine cycle. Glutamate and GABA metabolism are coupled at the metabolic and functional levels. GABAergic neurons are dependent on glia to provide glutamine for GABA synthesis (GABA–glutamine cycle). Occipital GABA levels are below normal in many patients with refractory complex partial seizures and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Patients with lower GABA levels have slower rates of GABA synthesis. In the human visual cortex, GABA concentrations, and therefore rates of GABA synthesis, appear to be coupled to functional activity and inversely related to cortical excitability. Studies of glutamate/GABA/glutamine cycles, ketone body metabolism, and functional neuroenergetics should provide further insight into the metabolic mechanisms controlling cerebral excitability.
Suitability of some Lantana camara varieties as host plants for the root-feeding flea beetle, Longitarsus bethae

Abstract Compatibility between the root-feeding agent Longitarsus bethae Savini & Escalona and the varieties of the target weed Lantana camara L. could influence the chances of successful establishment and effectiveness of this agent as a biocontrol agent of lantana in South Africa. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the influence of major South African lantana varieties on feeding, colonization, oviposition preference and larval survival of L. bethae. Feeding preference and the number of adults per plant varied among the varieties. The most damaged and colonized varieties were 150 Orange, 009 Light Pink and 113 Dark Pink. Variety 018 Dark Pink was the least damaged, while 021 Total Pink and 029 White Pink were the least colonized. Females laid the highest number of eggs on variety 150 Orange. The lowest number of eggs was recorded on Australian Richmond Pink and the closely related species Lippia wilmsii. Larval survival differed significantly among the varieties. The highest survival was recorded on 150 Orange. Duration of development also varied significantly among the varieties, with the slowest rate of development recorded on variety 029 Light Pink and the quickest on variety 015 White Yellow. Although variations in female body size were less significant among varieties, males emerging from variety 150 Orange were slightly smaller than those emerged from other varieties. There was a significant tendency for females to select varieties that enhanced the survival of their offspring, which met the predictions of the preference-performance hypothesis. The data suggest that the chances of establishment and successful control of the weed are expected to be much greater on those varieties that were preferred for oviposition and provided better larval performance.
Applying Augmented Reality-Based Fun Book Technology (Round Table Learning Media) for Teaching-Learning of Coastal Community

Malang Rapat is one of the villages which is located in the range of coastal region, Bintan regency, Riau islands Province. Most people in this village do not complete elementary level of education. Only a few graduate from Elementary School, Junior High School and Senior High School. The rate of education and its quality of human resources are very low. This condition is due to the monotonous system of teaching-learning process and lack of facilities and infrastructures. These are the problems that cause low quality of education. This research aims at developing teaching-learning process by applying Augmented Reality-Based Fun Book Technology (Round Table Learning Media) for Teaching-Learning of Coastal Community. This application is to develop knowledge by applying quizzes and games. The result obtained is that this technology is capable for handling the problems of low quality of education with its monotonous system of teaching-learning process.
Plant colonization: are wind dispersed seeds really dispersed by birds at larger spatial and temporal scales?

ABSTRACT. It is suggested that many plant species often thought of as wind dispersed may in fact be largely dispersed by animals, mostly birds, at larger spatial and temporal scales. This possibility is illustrated by using data on Holocene tree migrations in Europe. It is suggested that exploratory movements, often by young birds, may play an important role in such dispersal rather than the classic return migrations of birds. In the case of European trees there could have been active selection for rapid migrations occurring even in the glacial refugia sites in the mountains of southern Europe. Plant migration rates, and hence the ability to deal with climatic change, may have been lower before the evolution of a diverse avifanua. It is suggested that for many ‘wind dispersed’ seeds the wind dispersal mechanism is adapted to local dispersal (over distances of a few canopy diameters) and larger scale dispersion is due to birds.
Malware Detection for Forensic Memory Using Deep Recurrent Neural Networks

Memory forensics is a young but fast-growing area of research and a promising one for the field of computer forensics. The learned model is proposed to reside in an isolated core with strict communication restrictions to achieve incorruptibility as well as efficiency, therefore providing a probabilistic memory-level view of the system that is consistent with the user-level view. The lower level memory blocks are constructed using primary block sequences of varying sizes that are fed as input into Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) models. Four configurations of the LSTM model are explored by adding bi- directionality as well as attention. Assembly level data from 50 Windows portable executable (PE) files are extracted, and basic blocks are constructed using the IDA Disassembler toolkit. The results show that longer primary block sequences result in richer LSTM hidden layer representations. The hidden states are fed as features into Max pooling layers or Attention layers, depending on the configuration being tested, and the final classification is performed using Logistic Regression with a single hidden layer. The bidirectional LSTM with Attention proved to be the best model, used on basic block sequences of size 29. The differences between the model’s ROC curves indicate a strong reliance on the lower level, instructional features, as opposed to metadata or string features.