Introduction to integrated geo-information management

1: Information management. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Spatial data systems. - 1.3 Decision making. - 1.4 Organisations and their objectives. - 1.5 The management of information. - 1.6 Information networks. - 1.7 Information systems. - 1.8 Geo-information systems. - 1.9 Spatial decision support systems. - 2: Data for geo-information systems. - 2.1 Data into information. - 2.2 Describing geographic location. - 2.3 Objects and hierarchies. - 2.4 Maps and cartographic representation. - 2.5 Considerations in using maps. - 2.6 Map-based geo-information systems. - 2.7 Data derived from spatial analysis. - 2.8 Address-based spatial information. - 2.9 Postcodes. - 2.10 Other spatial datasets. - 2.11 Attribute data. - 2.12 Metadata. - 3: Geo-information databases. - 3.1 Choosing the right data structure. - 3.2 Data structures and data models. - 3.3 Spatial data models. - 3.4 Spatial data structures. - 3.5 Problems of three dimensional data. - 3.6 Temporal data model. - 3.7 Database management systems. - 3.8 Physical and logical database design. - 3.9 DBMS structures. - 3.10 Standard query language (SQL). - 3.11 Object-oriented databases. - 4: Integrated approaches to GIS. - 4.1 Benefits of information integration. - 4.2 Integrated data models. - 4.3 Information networks. - 4.4 Integration with existing databases. - 4.5 Open systems environment. - 4.6 Integration frameworks. - 4.7 Corporate solutions. - 4.8 Organisational issues. - 4.9 Implementation strategies. - 4.10 Benefits and costs. - 5: Low cost spatial information systems. - 5.1 Low cost strategies. - 5.2 Development of the microcomputer. - 5.3 Availability of software. - 5.4 Developing technologies. - 5.5 Stand alone solutions. - 5.6 Network solutions. - 5.7 Data availability. - 5.8 Human resourcing issues. - 5.9 Implementation issues. - 5.10 Low cost GIS users. - 6: Copyright and legal issues. - 6.1 Who owns the data? - 6.2 Law related to information. - 6.3 Access to information. - 6.4 Data ownership and copyright. - 6.5 Added value information. - 6.6 Liability and GIS. - 6.7 Accuracy of information. - 6.8 Inappropriate map usage. - 6.9 Data availability and government policy. - 7: Standards for spatial information. - 7.1 The role of standards. - 7.2 Standards organisations. - 7.3 Data transfer standards. - 7.4 UK National Transfer Format. - 7.5 US Spatial Data Transfer Standard. - 7.6 DIGEST. - 7.7 ASRP Raster Standard. - 7.8 Other standards. - 7.9 Importance of standards. - 8: Analysis functions in GIS. - 8.1 Analysis in GIS. - 8.2 Manipulation versus analysis. - 8.3 Query and manipulation in integrated solutions. - 8.4 Statistical analysis. - 8.5 Modelling of spatial data. - 8.6 Models for managing derived data. - 8.7 Metadatabases and data dictionaries. - 8.8 Developing operating procedures for analytical processes. - 9: Graphical user interfaces. - 9.1 Human-computer interface. - 9.2 User-friendly GIS. - 9.3 Generic interface types. - 9.4 User interfaces for decision support systems. - 9.5 GIS-independent user interfaces. - 9.6 Specific applications of graphical user interfaces. - 9.7 Issues of communication. - 9.8 Help facilities. - 10: Visualisation. - 10.1 Cartographic visualisation. - 10.2 Perception and patterns. - 10.3 Map design issues. - 10.4 Colour and symbolisation. - 10.5 Typology and text placement. - 10.6 Interactive map specifications. - 10.7 Scientific visualisation. - 10.8 Terrain representation. - 10.9 Three dimensional visualisation. - 10.10 Perspective cartography. - 10.11 Visualisaton of temporal information. - 10.12 Virtual reality. - 11: Image-based spatial information systems. - 11.1 Image-based information systems. - 11.2 Vertical aerial photography. - 11.3 Photogrammetric data collection. - 11.4 Recent technical advances. - 11.5 Photo interpretation. - 11.6 Orthophotos. - 11.7 Digital photogrammetry. - 11.8 Seamless aerial photography. - 11.9 Changing role of aerial photography in GIS. - 11.10 Remote sensing. - 11.11 Image analysis. - 11.12 Role of remote sensing. - 11.13 Integrated image-based systems. - 12: Multimedia and hypermaps. - 12.1 The multimedia concept. - 12.2 Multimedia data. - 12.3 Digital video. - 12.4 Sound. - 12.5 Animation. - 12.6 Hypertext concept. - 12.7 Hyperdocuments. - 12.8 Hypertext user interfaces. - 12.9 Hypermaps. - 12.10 Cartographic representation in multimedia. - 12.11 Integrated geo-based multimedia solutions. - Appendix A: Acronyms. - Appendix B: A summary of the main GIS and related software that has been developed for microcomputers.