Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational modelling of the natural hip: a review of finite element and multibody simulations

Primary objective: The hip joint suffers from a high prevalence of degenerative conditions. Athough patient's well-being could be improved through early and more effective interventions, without a greater understanding of the mechanics of the hip, these developments cannot be attained. Thus, this review article summarises the current literature on this subject in order to provide a platform for future developments. To illustrate the influence computational simulations have had on the knowledge advancement in hip mechanics, we explored two methodological approaches: finite element (FE) analysis and multibody dynamics (MBD). Main outcomes and results: Notwithstanding the unique capabilities of FE and MBD, the former generally offers the micromechanics of the articulating surfaces whereas the latter the macromechanics of the skeleton, these two methodologies also provide the bulk of the literature regarding computational modelling of the musculoskeletal system. Although FE has provided significant knowledge on contact pressures and the effects of musculoskeletal geometries, in particular cartilage and bone shapes, MBD has afforded a wealth of understanding on the influence of gait patterns and muscle attachment locations on force magnitudes. Conclusions: These two computational techniques have, and will continue to, provide significant contributions towards the development of interventions. It is hoped that this article will help focus ongoing technological developments by highlighting areas of success, but also areas of under development.
Contribución fármaco-parasitológica integrada a la comprensión del fenómeno de resistencia antihelmíntica

El incorrecto uso de farmacos en Medicina Veterinaria y la inadecuada valoracion de sus efectos indeseables sobre el animal tratado, la salud del consumidor y el medio ambiente, son problemas aun no resueltos. La comprension de los procesos farmacocineticos y metabolicos que sufre una molecula xenobiotica cuando toma contacto con un organismo vivo, como asi tambien, la caracterizacion de ciertos factores que pueden afectar dichos procesos, son relevantes para: a) optimizar la respuesta farmacologica cuando se trate de sustancias utilizadas con fines terapeuticos o profilacticos; b) evitar la aparicion de efectos colaterales indeseables; c) evitar el desarrollo de resistencia (farmacos antibacterianos, antiparasitarios, etc.); d) determinar adecuados periodos de retirada, previo a que la carne o leche de un animal tratado se destine a consumo humano; e) predecir un eventual impacto ambiental negativo como consecuencia de la eliminacion de residuos quimicos en materia fecal.
Los entramados de la literatura homilética: algunos manuales para predicadores en uso hacia mediados del siglo xviii

La literatura homiletica ha experimentado, desde su primera teorizacion en san Agustin y su De doctrina christiana , una evolucion constante vinculada con los fenomenos culturales y contextuales que subyacieron al empleo de la retorica para el fin especifico de predicar a lo largo de los siglos. En este articulo se propone una revision de los materiales especificos que circularon en el siglo xviii en la ciudad de Mexico para la formacion de los predicadores.
Atrial fibrillation (chronic).

INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterised by the presence of fast and uncoordinated atrial activation leading to reduced atrial mechanical function. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation include increasing age, male sex, co-existing cardiac and thyroid disease, pyrexial illness, electrolyte imbalance, cancer, and co-existing infection. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of oral medical treatments to control heart rate in people with chronic (defined as longer than 1 week for this review) non-valvular atrial fibrillation? What is the effect of different treatment strategies (rate versus rhythm) for people with persistent non-valvular atrial fibrillation? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2011 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found 23 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: beta-blockers (with or without digoxin), calcium channel blockers (with or without digoxin), calcium channel blockers (rate-limiting), digoxin, and rate versus rhythm control strategies.
Vascular targeted therapy with anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 in advanced solid tumors.

PURPOSE Based on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression on the vasculature of solid tumors, we performed a phase I trial of antibody J591, targeting the extracellular domain of PSMA, in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies. This was a proof-of-principle evaluation of PSMA as a potential neovascular target. The primary end points were targeting,toxicity, maximum-tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics (PK), and human antihuman antibody (HAHA) response. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients had advanced solid tumors previously shown to express PSMA on the neovasculature. They received 111Indium (111ln)-J591 for scintigraphy and PK, followed 2 weeks later by J591 with a reduced amount of 111In for additional PK measurements. J591 dose levels were 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg. The protocol was amended for six weekly administrations of unchelated J591. Patients with a response or stable disease were eligible for re-treatment. Immunohistochemistry assessed PSMA expression in tumor tissues. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients received monoclonal antibody (mAb) J591. Treatment was well tolerated. Twenty (74%) of 27 patients had at least one area of known metastatic disease targeted by 111In-J591, with positive imaging seen in patients with kidney, bladder, lung, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, and melanoma. Seven of 10 patient specimens available for immunohistochemical assessment of PSMA expression in tumor-associated vasculature demonstrated PSMA staining. No HAHA response was seen. Three patients of 27 with stable disease received re-treatment. CONCLUSION Acceptable toxicity and excellent targeting of known sites of metastases were demonstrated in patients with multiple solid tumor types, highlighting a potential role for the anti-PSMA antibody J591 as a vascular-targeting agent.
Mineração de Dados Educacionais como apoio para a classificação de alunos do Ensino Médio

A busca por encontrar e compreender os fatores que possam influenciar a aprendizagem do aluno e a preocupacao de coordenadores e professores. A Mineracao de Dados Educacionais utiliza tecnicas que oferecem uma analise dos alunos, permitindo identificar varias situacoes, tais como desistencias ou reprovacoes. O objetivo deste artigo e analisar uma base dados de alunos do Ensino Medio, por Serie, a partir da utilizacao da tecnica de Classificacao usando o Algoritmo J48. Este trabalho permite perceber a importância da tecnica de classificacao da mineracao de dados educacionais, gera beneficios e contribui na observacao e classificacao dos alunos aprovados e reprovados.
A novel parallel approach for 3D seismological problems

The large spatial scale associated with the modelling of strong ground motion in three dimensions requires enormous computational resources. For this reason, the simulation of soil shaking requires high-performance computing. The aim of this work is to present a new parallel approach for these kind of problems based on domain decomposition technique. The main idea is to subdivide the original problem into local ones. It allows to investigate large-scale problems that cannot be solved by a serial code. The performance of our parallel algorithm has been examined analysing computational times, speed-up and efficiency. Results of this approach are shown and discussed.
Non-Targeted Electrospray Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Fingerprinting and PLS-DA-Based Classification of Brazilian “Malvas”

Malva sylvestris, popularly known as "malva" in Brazil, is a medicinal plant used for its antiinflammatory effects. However, multiple plants are known as "malvas" in Brazil; these species include Sida cordifolia ("malva-branca") and Pelargonium graveolens ("malva-cheirosa"). In this work, electrospray mass spectrometry metabolic fingerprints from these species were obtained by direct infusion of extracts of commercial samples, purchased as crushed dried leaves. The spectral data were used to classify these species using a partial least squares discriminant analysis method. The identities of all samples were confirmed by morphological analyses, emphasizing the trichomes morphology. While over 80% of the samples were labeled as M. sylvestris or "malva", in the present study only 37% of these samples were classified as M. sylvestris species. Approximately 50% of these samples were classified as S. cordifolia, whose consumption may be dangerous for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Thus, these analytical and chemometric procedures worked as a fast and simple method for classifying species of "malvas".
The Role of the Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) Family in Different Signaling Pathways Linked to Cancer Development

The members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are highly conserved and are expressed in many eukaryotes ranging from yeast to humans. Mammalian CK1 isoforms (a, ß, ? , d, e) and their splice variants are involved in diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking, circadian rhythm, cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, apoptosis and cellular differentiation. Mutations and deregulation of CK1 expression and activity has been linked to various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, sleeping disorders and proliferative diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the functions of CK1 and outline the participation of CK1 in signal transduction pathways linked to cancer development.
Comparative Genomics Unravels the Functional Roles of Co-occurring Acidophilic Bacteria in Bioleaching Heaps

The spatial-temporal distribution of populations in various econiches is thought to be potentially related to individual differences in the utilization of nutrients or other resources, but their functional roles in the microbial communities remain elusive. We compared differentiation in gene repertoire and metabolic profiles, with a focus on the potential functional traits of three commonly recognized members (Acidithiobacillus caldus, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans) in bioleaching heaps. Comparative genomics revealed that intra-species divergence might be driven by horizontal gene transfer. These co-occurring bacteria shared a few homologous genes, which significantly suggested the genomic differences between these organisms. Notably, relatively more genes assigned to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups category [G] (carbohydrate transport and metabolism) were identified in Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans compared to the two other species, which probably indicated their mixotrophic capabilities that assimilate both organic and inorganic forms of carbon. Further inspection revealed distinctive metabolic capabilities involving carbon assimilation, nitrogen uptake, and iron-sulfur cycling, providing robust evidence for functional differences with respect to nutrient utilization. Therefore, we proposed that the mutual compensation of functionalities among these co-occurring organisms might provide a selective advantage for efficiently utilizing the limited resources in their habitats. Furthermore, it might be favorable to chemoautotrophs' lifestyles to form mutualistic interactions with these heterotrophic and/or mixotrophic acidophiles, whereby the latter could degrade organic compounds to effectively detoxify the environments. Collectively, the findings shed light on the genetic traits and potential metabolic activities of these organisms, and enable us to make some inferences about genomic and functional differences that might allow them to co-exist.
Familial panmyelophthisis; Fanconi syndrome in adults.

An account is given of a similar and hitherto unknown clinical-hematologic syndrome in two adult brothers with marked hemorrhagic diathesis, diffuse pigmentation of the skin, violent pain in the bones and panhemocytopenia. In the younger brother, there is also a certain degree of infantilism. The elder brother died with all the symptoms of an intensive aplastic anemia; in the younger brother, the condition was stabilized after splenectomy. The blood picture in both patients was characterized by a hyperchromic anemia with remarkable micro- and macrocytosis, and an increased number of reticulocytes. In the younger brother, increased fragility of the red blood cells and an elevated serum iron content were observed. In both cases, an unusual increase of the plasmocytic and reticular cells and of the tissue mast cells was noticed in the bone marrow and, in the final stages of the disease, the marrow showed marked fibrosis. The disease is believed to be a variety, in adults, of the syndrome first described by Fanconi as a constitutional panmyelopathy occurring in children. The illness is the result of a hereditary pathologic reaction of the reticulo-histiocytic system and seems to have been caused by an anaphylactic-allergic phenomenon. The possibility is discussed that genetic connections may exist between this condition and other diseases, such as certain osteoscleroses and Cooley’s anemia, which are characterized by simultaneous disturbances of the bone and bone marrow and by a similar blood morphology.
Formulation of size reduction technique in microstrip circuits by using DGS and DMS

In this work a simplified and accurate mathematical formula is derived to predict the reduced dimension of the microstrip circuit by using applicable etching geometry on plane of microstrip circuit such as DGS/DMS that will affect the resonance frequency of microstrip circuit in desired direction due to increment of slow wave effect. Here we developed proportional formula of defect which is verified successfully by applying to network implemented with an open circuit and for microstrip patch antennas, phase shifter.
Outcome of individuals “not at risk of psychosis” and prognostic accuracy of the Basel Screening Instrument for Psychosis (BSIP)

We aimed to determine the prognostic accuracy of the Basel Screening Instrument for Psychosis (BSIP) in terms of specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value by following up individuals that were initially not considered to be at increased risk of psychosis based on the BSIP. Moreover, clinical characteristics of these individuals were examined given the relative lack of such information in the literature.
Production of interferon-gamma by tumor-sensitized T cells is essential for interleukin-12-induced complete tumor eradication.

BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is essential for eradication of established large tumors by interleukin-12 (IL-12), but the critical source of IFN-gamma has not been defined. Adoptive transfer of T cells into T cell-deficient mice allows for evaluation of the role of T cells and T cell production of IFN-gamma in the antitumor immune response. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6, IL-12 receptor-beta1 knockout (IL-12Rbeta1 KO), IFN-gamma knockout (IFN-gamma KO), and IFN-gamma receptor-alpha knockout (IFN-gammaRalpha KO) mice were immunized and used as donors for adoptive transfer. Transfer of either splenocytes or CD90(+) T cells was performed into recipient T cell receptor-beta knockout (TCRbeta KO) and IFN-gamma/TCRbeta double knockout mice bearing 14-day subcutaneous MCA207 tumors. Half of the mice were treated with IL-12, and cure rates were compared. RESULTS Transfer of either 1/4 immunized spleen equivalent or 10(7) immunized T cells into both TCRbeta KO and IFN-gamma/TCRbeta KO mice resulted in 80% to 100% cure when given with IL-12. However, transfer of 10(7) immunized T cells from IFN-gamma KO mice into TCRbeta KO mice was ineffective with or without IL-12. T cell response to IL-12, but not IFN-gamma, was required for tumor regression. CONCLUSIONS Production of IFN-gamma by IL-12-responsive tumor-sensitized T cells is both necessary and sufficient for complete tumor eradication induced by IL-12. T cells are the source, but not the target, of IFN-gamma during tumor regression.
A 0.8 V, 2.6 mW, 88 dB Dual-Channel Audio Delta-Sigma D/A Converter With Headphone Driver

A 0.8 V third-order multibit DeltaSigma DAC with headphone driver is described. It is the first sub-1 V audio DeltaSigma DAC with integrated on-chip headphone driver. The dual-channel operation in digital section was efficiently realized with a time-interleaved single-channel hardware and extra registers. Using novel DAC architecture suitable for low-voltage operation, the analog section requires only one opamp per channel for the D/A conversion, low-pass filtering, and driving the headphone. Two prototype ICs (separate digital and analog chips), implemented in a 0.35 mum CMOS process, achieved an 88 dB dynamic range, while consuming 2.6 mW from a 0.8 V supply.
Influence of special-effect contact lenses (Crazy Lenses) on visual function.

PURPOSE Special-effect contact lenses (opaque, tinted soft contact lenses that incorporate decorative images such as "cateyes," stars, or hearts to alter eye color and structure) have become increasingly popular. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether such lenses impair visual function. METHODS A clear soft contact lens and a special-effect soft contact lens (Crazy lens,) were fit in changing sequence in nine healthy subjects. The parameters studied included: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (with and without glare), visual field, and mesopic vision (with and without glare). RESULTS The following parameters displayed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Visual acuity was decreased to 0.9 +/- 0.23 in the Crazy lens group as compared with 1.2 +/- 0.13 in the clear lens group. Goldmann visual field displayed a significant constriction of the isopters: III/4, I/4, and I/3. Mesopic vision without glare was reduced from 1:2.5 to 1:7.4. Contrast sensitivity was significantly reduced in a photopic condition with and without glare and in a scotopic condition without glare. Furthermore, the special-effect lenses were associated with a decrease in lens wearing comfort. CONCLUSIONS Special-effect contact lenses were associated with a reduction of many visual functions, including visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. For some wearers this may interfere with activities where excellent vision is crucial, such as driving a car.
Reseaux de petri avec reset/transfert : decidabilite et indecidabilite

Nous avons etudie des extensions du modele des reseaux de petri dans le cadre des methodes formelles de verification de systemes paralleles et distribues. Dans le modele standard des reseaux de petri, les transitions incrementent ou decrementent les places. Notre etude porte principalement sur les modeles permettant aussi l'utilisation : _ d'arcs de mise a zero ou reset (qui vident une place) _ d'arcs de transfert (qui transferent le contenu d'une place vers une autre place) _ d'arcs g-post (qui ajoutent a une place p(m) jetons, ou p est un polynome a coefficients non negatifs et m est le marquage courant du reseau) araki-kasami et valk ont montre que l'accessibilite est indecidable pour toutes ces extensions. Pour cinq grandes classes de reseaux, nous avons elargi l'etude a plusieurs autres problemes classiques : la terminaison, la couverture, le caractere borne du reseau ou d'une place, le caractere structurellement borne, le blocage, la vivacite et la t-vivacite. Nous avons dresse une hierarchie detaillee qui a permis de separer (ou regrouper) les classes de reseaux et/ou les problemes. En particulier nous avons mis en evidence de grandes classes de reseaux partiellement analysables. Par exemple, la couverture est decidable pour les reseaux de petri avec reset pour lesquels il n'est pourtant pas possible d'appliquer l'algorithme classique de construction d'un arbre de couverture. Par ailleurs nous avons affine les frontieres entre ce qui est decidable et ce qui ne l'est pas. Par exemple, trois arcs reset suffisent a rendre le caractere borne du reseau indecidable.
Making Room for Qualitatively-Driven Mixed-Method Research

Mixed-methods research is a contested field still in development. A range of definitions of mixed-methods research have been proposed, about which there is ongoing debate. There is little agreement even about what mixed-methods research is. One definition that seems to be taking center stage describes mixed methods as employing a quantitative method and a qualitative method linked in the same study (i.e., QUAN-qual, or less frequently, QUAL-quan designs). For example, this is the definition that determines whether or not a manuscript will be published in the Journal of Mixed Methods Research (JMMR; Mertens, 2011), and this also defined as best practice in mixedmethods research in relation to NIH (National Institutes of Health) funding (Creswell, Klassen, Plano Clark, & Smith, 2011). Although there is no doubt that the use of quantitative and qualitative methods in the same research study can make an important contribution to health research, there are potential consequences if this is assumed to be the best or the only approach to mixed methods (Cheek, in press). Most mixed methods appear to be quantitatively-driven, with qualitative research (again) taking the back seat. In QHR, we will focus on qualitatively-driven mixedmethod designs that incorporate a core qualitative project complemented by a supplemental quantitative component (QUAL-quan designs), as well as those that incorporate two qualitative approaches in the same study, the QUAL-qual research design articulated by Morse and Niehaus (2009). By publishing studies that are qualitatively-driven mixed-method designs we hope to provide another dimension to a “mixed methods way of thinking” that is “generative and open, seeking richer, deeper, better understanding of important facets of our infinitely complex social world” (Greene, 2007, p. 20). We see this initiative as one part of a continuing dialogue about how qualitative inquiry and qualitatively-driven research designs can respond to questions arising inductively from an infinitely complex social world.
A Suboptimal Embedding Algorithm for Binary Matrix Embedding

A novel suboptimal hiding algorithm for binary data based on iterative searching embedding, ISE, is proposed. In most cases, an ML algorithm is criticized for being extremely sensitive to the dimension (n - m), due to the fact that the operation complexity varies exponentially with (n - m). Rather the complexity exhibits a linear dependence on (n - m) when performing ISE, making it applicable to a long linear code embedding. Given a (n, m, λmin) linear embedding code, the complexity required by ISE is merely O(μ̅(n-m)) when locating the coset leader e, whilst it is O(2(n-m)) by the ML algorithm, an unacceptable figure for a large value of (n - m). The much lower complexity in ISE is reached merely at the cost of a small deal of embedding efficiency. Various embedding efficiencies, corresponding to various random codes, are observed.