Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Anesthetics and PaCO2 on the Cerebrovascular, Metabolic, and Electroencephalographic Responses to Nitrous Oxide in the Rabbit

&NA; The effects of nitrous oxide (N2O) on cerebral blood flow and metabolism, intracranial pressure (ICP), the electroenceph‐alogram etc. has been well described, at least when N2O is used alone. However, during neurosurgical procedures, N2O is almost always given in combination with either volatile or intravenous agents, and generally after the institution of some degree of hypocarbia. Unfortunately, the modifying influence of such interventions are not well known, and, therefore, the cerebral effects of 70% N2O were studied in rabbits anesthetized with either 1 MAC halothane or isoflurane, or with a fentanyl/pentobarbital combination, during both normocarbia (PaCO2 ≈ 40 mm Hg) and hypocarbia (PaCO2 ≈ 20 mm Hg). Cortical cerebral blood flow (CBFc) and sagittal sinus blood flow (CBFss‐‐as an index of "global" forebrain flow) were measured using the hydrogen clearance method. Cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) was calculated, and intracranial pressure (ICP), central venous pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and the EEG were also recorded. CBFc during normocarbic halothane, isoflurane, and fentanyl‐pentobarbital anesthesia was 69 ± 23, 41 ± 16, 53 ± 26 ml.100g‐1.min‐1 (mean ± SD) respectively, with a significant difference between halothane and isoflurane. The addition of 70% N2O to all three anesthetics significantly increased CBFc by 32%, 34% and 36% respectively during normocarbia and by 47%, 65% and 27% during hypocarbia. A similar pattern was seen for CBFss. There were no significant differences in the response to N2O based either on anesthetic or PaCO2, except that the increase in CBFss produced by N2O during normocarbic fentanyl‐pentobarbital anesthesia (10%) was less than that noted during normocarbic halothane anesthesia (39%). CMRO2 was not changed by addition of N2O regardless of anesthetic or PaCO2. N2O increased ICP under all conditions; the increments were small (about 1 mm Hg). The greatest EEG changes in responses to N2O were seen in halothane‐anesthetized animals (a decrease in amplitude and increase in frequency). In contrast, no consistent EEG changes were seen with N2O in the fentanyl/pentobarbital group, while the only effect observed in the presence of isoflurane was the disappearance of the typical burst‐suppression pattern. We conclude that N2O increases CBF and ICP with each of the three background anesthetics during both normocarbia and hypocarbia. The magnitude of this response to N2O may be less during a fentanyl/barbiturate based anesthetic. These changes were not associated with alterations in CMRO2, suggesting that N2O may be a direct cerebral vasodilator in this species.
[Efficacy of home exercises for symptomatic rotator cuff tears in correlation to the size of the defect].

AIM Although the outcome of surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears is well documented in the literature, less is known about the efficacy of home exercises for symptomatic rotator cuff tears in correlation to the size of the defect. METHODS A series of 30 patients (38 shoulders) with rotator cuff tears seen by ultrasonography were included in this prospective study. Rotator cuff tears were divided into partial defects (group A), full thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon (group B), and massive rotator cuff defects (group C). Treatment consisted of a home program of stretching and strengthening exercises that were performed by the patients daily for a period of 12 weeks and controlled by a physician every 2 weeks. Range of motion, a modified constant score, and impingement signs at initial examination and after 12 weeks were compared. RESULTS All groups experienced improvement in range of motion. The Constant scores improved significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups (A: 13.0 [+/- 7.9 SD], B: 13.2 [+/- 11.4 SD], and C: 17.5 [+/- 6.6 SD]). Impingement signs showed a downward trend in all groups. DISCUSSION The results of this study show that patients with rotator cuff defects do benefit from simple home exercises independent from the size of the defect.
Pulsating Fluid Flow Stimulates Prostaglandin Release and Inducible Prostaglandin G/H Synthase mRNA Expression in Primary Mouse Bone Cells

Bone tissue responds to mechanical stress with adaptive changes in mass and structure. Mechanical stress produces flow of fluid in the osteocyte lacunar‐canalicular network, which is likely the physiological signal for bone cell adaptive responses. We examined the effects of 1 h pulsating fluid flow (PFF; 0.7 ± 0.02 Pa, 5 Hz) on prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGI2, and PGF2α production and on the expression of the constitutive and inducible prostaglandin G/H synthases, PGHS‐1, and PGHS‐2, the major enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, using mouse calvarial bone cell cultures. PFF treatment stimulated the release of all three prostaglandins under 2% serum conditions, but with a different time course and to a different extent. PGF2α was rapidly increased 5–10 minutes after the onset of PFF. PGE2 release increased somewhat more slowly (significant after 10 minutes), but continued throughout 60 minutes of treatment. The response of PGI2 was the slowest, and only significant after 30 and 60 minutes of treatment. In addition, PFF induced the expression of PGHS‐2 but not PGHS‐1. One hour of PFF treatment increased PGHS‐2 mRNA expression about 2‐fold relative to the induction by 2% fresh serum given at the start of PFF. When the addition of fresh serum was reduced to 0.1%, the induction of PGHS‐2 was 8‐ to 9‐fold in PFF‐treated cells relative to controls. This up‐regulation continued for at least 1 h after PFF removal. PFF also markedly increased PGHS activity, measured as the conversion of arachidonic acid into PGE2. One hour after PFF removal, the production of all three prostaglandins was still enhanced. These results suggest that prostaglandins are important early mediators of the response of bone cells to mechanical stress. Prostaglandin up‐regulation is associated with an induction of PGHS‐2 enzyme mRNA, which may subsequently provide a means for amplifying the cellular response to mechanical stress.
Notch-1 and Notch-4 Receptors as Prognostic Markers in Breast Cancer

Background: Studies looking at immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Notch receptors in breast cancer and correlation with known prognostic factors are sparse. Methods: IHC staining for nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane Notch-1 (N1), Notch-4 (N4), and Jagged-1 (JAG1) was performed and correlated with known prognostic factors. Results: Of 48 breast cancers, 36 (67%) were invasive, mean age was 50 years (range 43-86 years), 37 (77%) were estrogen receptor (ERα) positive, and 13 (27%) node positive. There was significantly more marked N1 membranous staining in ERα-positive tumors (P < .05). On univariate analysis, cytoplasmic N1 was significantly correlated with node status and tumor grade (P < .05); both cytoplasmic and membranous N4 significantly correlated with Ki67 (P < .05); and membranous JAG1 significantly correlated with Ki67 (P < .05). On multivariate analysis, only cytoplasmic N1 significantly correlated with node status. Conclusion: IHC of Notch markers is feasible and correlates with known prognostic factors consistent with a biological role of Notch signaling in breast cancer progression.
Proteomics Reveal Cochlin Deposits Associated with Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork*

The etiology of primary open angle glaucoma, a leading cause of age-related blindness, remains poorly defined, although elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) contributes to the disease progression. To better understand the mechanisms causing elevated IOP from aqueous humor circulation, we pursued proteomic analyses of trabecular meshwork (TM) from glaucoma and age-matched control donors. These analyses demonstrated that Cochlin, a protein associated with deafness disorder DFNA9, is present in glaucomatous but absent in normal TM. Cochlin was also detected in TM from the glaucomatous DBA/2J mouse preceding elevated IOP but found to be absent in three other mouse lines that do not develop elevated IOP. Histochemical analyses revealed co-deposits of Cochlin and mucopolysaccharide in human TM around Schlemm's canal, similar to that observed in the cochlea in DFNA9 deafness. Purified Cochlin was found to aggregate after sheer stress and to induce the aggregation of TM cells in vitro. Age-dependent in vivo increases in Cochlin were observed in glaucomatous TM, concomitant with a decrease in type II collagen, suggesting that Cochlin may disrupt the TM architecture and render components like collagen more susceptible to degradation and collapse. Overall, these observations suggest that Cochlin contributes to elevated IOP in primary open angle glaucoma through altered interactions within the TM extracellular matrix, resulting in cell aggregation, mucopolysaccharide deposition, and significant obstruction of the aqueous humor circulation.
Influence of S(+)-ketamine analgesia in renal intraoperative ischemia: histological study in rats.

PURPOSE To study in rats the effect of S(+) ketamine on the renal histology after intraoperative hemorrhage. METHODS Twenty male Wistar rats, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, were randomly divided in 2 groups: G1 - control (n=l0) and G2 - S(+)-ketamine (n=10), both submitted to arterial hemorrhage of 30% of volemia in 3 moments (10% each 10 min) 60 min after anesthesia. G2 received S(+)-ketamine, 15 mg. kg-1, i.m. , 5 min after anesthesia and 55 min before the 1st hemorrhage moment (Ml). Medium arterial pressure (MAP), rectal temperature (T) and heart rate were monitored. The animals were sacrificed in M4, 30 min after the 3rd hemorrhage moment (M3) and the kidneys and blood collected from hemorrhage were utilized for histological study and hematocrit (Ht) determination. RESULTS There were significant reduction of MAP, T, and Ht. The histological study verified G1 = G2 for tubular dilation, congestion, and necrosis. The total score addition were significantly different and G2 > G 1. CONCLUSION Hemorrhage and hypotension determined changes in kidney histology. The rise in catecholamine blood concentration probably was the cause of S(+)-ketamine-induced higher score of histological changes.
Insulin resistance, oxidative stress, hypertension, and leukocyte telomere length in men from the Framingham Heart Study

Insulin resistance and oxidative stress are associated with accelerated telomere attrition in leukocytes. Both are also implicated in the biology of aging and in aging‐related disorders, including hypertension. We explored the relations of leukocyte telomere length, expressed by terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length, with insulin resistance, oxidative stress and hypertension. We measured leukocyte TRF length in 327 Caucasian men with a mean age of 62.2 years (range 40–89 years) from the Offspring cohort of the Framingham Heart Study. TRF length was inversely correlated with age (r = –0.41, P < 0.0001) and age‐adjusted TRF length was inversely correlated with the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR) (r =–0.16, P = 0.007) and urinary 8‐epi‐PGF2α (r = –0.16, P = 0.005) – an index of systemic oxidative stress. Compared with their normotensive peers, hypertensive subjects exhibited shorter age‐adjusted TRF length (hypertensives = 5.93 ± 0.042 kb, normotensives = 6.07 ± 0.040 kb, P = 0.025). Collectively, these observations suggest that hypertension, increased insulin resistance and oxidative stress are associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length and that shorter leukocyte telomere length in hypertensives is largely due to insulin resistance.
Layered-price model of resident demand response

This paper proposes a Layered-Price Model (LPM) of resident demand response to maximize the profit of the utility company and minimize the payment bills of all users. The LPM is composed of two models naming LPM-I and LPM-II. LPM-I is a Stackelberg game model established between utility company and Household Energy Control Center (HECC), and LPM-II is a cooperative game model established between HECC and house appliances. The utility company determines multiple flexible pricing strategies through the proposed LPM to all categories of users. According to the multiple pricing strategies, HECC could automatically choose the optimal price strategy and determine the energy schedules of appliances with the aim to minimize their payment bills. The equilibrium of the demand response based on LPM is proved to exist and be unique. Simulation results show that the LPM and the multiple pricing strategies lead to significant reduction not only in users' payment bills but also in the decreasing valley-to-peak in daily load. Therefore, the proposed LPM of demand response is beneficial for both users and utility company.
Etude du comportement hors-équilibre du cortex cellulaire

La cellule est capable, en consommant l'energie issue de l'hydrolyse de l’ATP, d'exercer des forces qui prennent leurs origines dans des reactions biochimiques. Un element important de la cellule est le cytosquelette, compose principalement de microtubules et de filaments d'actine, il en constitue l'architecture et lui. Donne l'essentiel de ses proprietes mecaniques. Il est compose de polymeres reticules et, du point de vue de la rheologie, a un comportement viscoelastique. Au sein du cytosquelette, des processus tels que la polymerisation de l'actine ou des microtubules permettent d'exercer des forces. Des proteines, de la famille des moteurs moleculaires, ont pour role specifique de convertir l'energie stockee sous forme chimique en energie mecanique. L'activite mecanique hors-equilibre de la cellule est donc directement reliee a ces forces d'origine biochimique. Dans ce travail, nous avons etudie la distribution statistique des forces d'origine biochimique s'exercant sur une bille de taille micrometrique attachee au cortex d'actine par l'intermediaire des recepteurs de l'adhesion cellulaire : les integrines. L'etude des forces d'origine biologique est inseparable de la connaissance des forces d'origine thermique car a cette echelle micrometrique la contribution des forces thermiques n'est pas negligeable. Les forces s'exercant sur la sonde ont donc deux origines possibles : biologique ou thermique. Notre approche experimentale est basee sur la combinaison de deux techniques de microrheologie, active et passive, ce qui nous permet de calculer la fonction d'autocorrelation temporelle des forces exercees sur une sonde accrochee a J'actine corticale et de la comparer a la fonction d'autocorrelation des forces thermiques estimee via le theoreme de fluctuation-dissipation. La difference entre ces deux spectres nous donne une idee de la contribution des forces d'origine biologique au mouvement de la bille et une mesure de l'ecart du systeme a l'equilibre thermodynamique. Afin d'etudier plus en detail ce systeme de bille subissant des forces de la part de l'actine corticale, nous avons etudie l'effet de la variation de la densite de ligand recouvrant la bille. La question qui nous a animes tout au long de ce travail est l'origine de ces forces biologiques ou plus exactement la nature du composant du cytosquelette qui exerce ces forces athermiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons etudie l'influence de la temperature sur ces forces biologiques. Nous avons ensuite etudie l'effet de la depletion de l'ATP dans la cellule, de la depolymerisation de l'actine et de l'inhibition des moteurs moleculaires de la famille des myosines.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adulthood: diagnosis, etiology and therapy.

INTRODUCTION Until the late nineties, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was often regarded in Germany as a disorder that fades away in late adolescence. However, it has recently become clear from numerous studies that core symptoms of ADHD persist into adulthood in a substantial subgroup of patients. METHODS Selective review of relevant literature in Medline, up to September 2007. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD in adulthood is estimated at about 2%. Core symptoms include attention deficit in the presence of understimulation, chronic restlessness, impulsivity, disorganized behaviour, and disorders of affect regulation. The extent of psychosocial impairment depends on symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidity (such as addiction or depression), and psychosocial support. As in childhood, ADHD in adulthood is a clinical diagnosis. Genetic factors probably play a key role in primary ADHD. Treatment should include psychotherapy and medical treatment. DISCUSSION ADHD in adulthood is commoner than for example bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. It may be regarded as a risk factor for the development of other psychiatric conditions. Highly effective treatment is possible not only in childhood but also in adulthood. The problem of off-label use of psychotropic medication in adults limits treatment in adult ADHD.
Hydraulic Turbines Vibration Fault Diagnosis by RBF Neural Network Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

For the system of vibration faults diagnosis of hydraulic turbines, the deficiency of generalization ability using single BP Network is analyzed and a radial basis function (RBF) neural network algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is presented. It has advantage of being easy to realize, simple operation and profound intelligence background. The parameters and connection weight are optimized by the algorithm. The diagnostic results of the instance show that it has better classifying results, higher precision, faster convergence and it provides a new way in the field of fault diagnosis of hydraulic turbines.
New shore bug (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Saldidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China with phylogenetic analyses

Abstract A new genus with a new species of Saldidae, Brevrimatus pulchalifer gen. et sp. n. , is described and illustrated. The fossil specimen was found from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Duolun County, Inner Mongolia, China. Phylogenetic analyses within Saldidae were performed, and the results indicate Brevrimatus pulchalifer gen. et sp. n. should be assigned to the subfamily Chiloxanthinae.
Reasons for Living Inventory: Cross-Cultural Construct Validity

The construct validity of the Reasons for Living Inventory was explored with a sample of 340 Italian students. The results of confirmatory factor analysis did not support strongly the six-factor structure previously identified. An exploratory factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure, suggesting that researchers should be cautious in assuming the validity of the six-factor structure in cross-cultural settings.
Ultrasonic air-coupled wave phase conjugator for the low megahertz frequency range

Study of the possibility of wave phase conjugation (WPC) technology for ultrasonic testing of objects in gas medium and for velocimetry of air microflows is the objective of the present work. The main problem to design parametric phase conjugate wave (PCW) generator (conjugator) working in air is connected to the huge loss of power of the ultrasonic wave when passing the interface between air and the active element (magnetostrictive ferrite). It was found that the most suitable material for acoustical matching of transducers and active element of conjugator at low megahertz frequency range are porous membranes impregnated by oil with 6.3MHz resonance frequency. The resonator mode of the parametric generator arising from the increase of pumping duration is also under investigation. To record very weak signals we used for the first time in WPC the phase coding of signals by pseudo noise sequence. The results of velocimetry of an air jet using PCW are presented in this paper.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a treatment for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. During the past decade, several trials have reported on the efficacy of rTMS treatment; however, the results were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of prefrontal rTMS for treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia. DATA SOURCES A literature search was performed in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and EMBASE for the years 1985 through July 2008. The search terms used (language not specified) were "transcranial magnetic stimulation," "negative symptoms," and "schizophrenia. " A cross-reference search of eligible articles was performed to identify studies not found in the computerized search. STUDY SELECTION Studies selected were randomized controlled trials assessing the therapeutic efficacy of prefrontal rTMS for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. DATA EXTRACTION Effect sizes (Cohen d) of each study were calculated. The overall standardized mean difference was calculated under a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals. DATA SYNTHESIS Nine trials, involving 213 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall mean weighted effect size for rTMS versus sham was in the small-to-medium range and statistically significant (d = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.05-0.80). When including only the studies using a frequency of stimulation of 10 Hz, the mean effect size increased to 0.63 (95% CI, 0.11-1.15). When including only the studies requiring participants to be on a stable drug regimen before and during the study, the mean weighted effect size decreased to 0.34 (95% CI, 0.01-0.67). Studies with a longer duration of treatment (> or =3 weeks) had a larger mean effect size when compared to studies with a shorter treatment duration: d = 0.58 (95% CI, 0.19-0.97) and d = 0.32 (95% CI, -0.3 to 0.95), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis warrant further study of rTMS as a potential treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Local Delivery of an Ultra-short-acting Nitric Oxide- releasing Compound, DMHD/NO, Is Highly Effective in Inhibiting Acute Platelet-Thrombus Formation on Injured Arterial Strips

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in modulating platelet-vessel wall interaction following vascular injury. We examined the effects of local infusion of an ultra- short-acting NO-releasing compound: NO adduct of N, N'-dimethylhexanediamine (DMHD/NO), sodium nitroprusside, intravenous nitroglycerin, and aspirin on acute platelet-thrombus formation under conditions of high-shear blood flow in a rabbit extracor poreal perfusion model. Materials and Methods: Strips of porcine aortic media were perfused in a Badimon cham ber with arterial blood from 20 New Zealand White rabbits for 10 minutes at a shear rate of 1700 s-1. Thrombus formation was quantified by morphometric analysis of thrombus area. Effects on collagen-induced platelet aggregation, blood pressure, bleeding time, and acti vated clotting time were also examined. Results: DMHD/NO inhibited thrombus area and platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner with a 90% reduction in thrombus area (0.018 ± 0.039 vs 0.215 ± 0.085 mm 2/mm control, P < .001) and a 50% reduction in platelet aggregation (4.8 ± 4.4 vs 9.9 ± 4.1 Ω con trol, P = .04) at the highest dose of 1.0 nM/kg and 100 μM/L, respectively, without any effects on blood pressure, bleeding time, or activated clotting time. In contrast, equimolar concentrations of sodium nitroprusside and intravenous nitroglycerin had significantly reduced effects on thrombus area compared to DMHD/NO and were associated with signifi cant reductions in blood pressure and prolongation of bleeding time. Aspirin had no effect on thrombus area at 1 μM/kg but reduced thrombus area and prolonged bleeding time at 2 and 5 μM/kg. Conclusions: Local delivery of DMHD/NO produced a 90% inhibition of experimental acute platelet-thrombosis under high-shear flow conditions without producing adverse systemic hemodynamic or hemostatic effects. Thus, inhibition of thrombus formation by local delivery of a rapidly acting NO donor may be an effective strategy for prevention of arterial injury- induced thrombosis.