Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative exploration of sociocultural determinants of health inequities of Dalit population in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Objectives In recent years, Bangladesh has made remarkable advances in health outcomes; however, the benefits of these gains are unequally shared among citizens and population groups. Dalits (jaat sweepers), a marginalised traditional working community, have relatively poor access to healthcare services. This study sought to explore the sociopolitical and cultural factors associated with health inequalities among Dalits in an urban setting. Design An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted. Fourteen in-depth interviews, five focus group discussions and seven key informant interviews were conducted. The acquired data were analysed using an iterative approach which incorporated deductive and inductive methods in identifying codes and themes. Settings This study was conducted in two sweeper communities in Dhaka city. Participants Participants were Dalit men and women (in-depth interviews, mean age±SD 30±10; and focus group discussions), and the community leaders and non-governmental organisation workers (key informant interviews). Results The health status of members of these Dalit groups is determined by an array of social, economic and political factors. Dalits (untouchables) are typically considered to fall outside the caste-based social structure and existing vulnerabilities are embedded and reinforced by this identity. Dalits’ experience of precarious access to healthcare or poor healthcare is an important manifestation of these inequalities and has implications for the economic and social life of Dalit populations living together in geographically constrained spaces. Conclusions The provision of clinical healthcare services alone is insufficient to mitigate the negative effects of discriminations and to improve the health status of Dalits. A better understanding of the precise influences of sociocultural determinants of health inequalities is needed, together with the identification of the strategies and programmes needed to address these determinants with the aim of developing more inclusive health service delivery systems.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Symptom Management Patient Education for People With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Poorly managed acute coronary syndrome symptoms increase the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of symptom management patient education on the knowledge of sublingual nitroglycerin for people with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the 3-resource intervention. The study was conducted in a 448-bed Australian public hospital. The instrument used was the modified Sublingual Nitroglycerin Interview Schedule. Results: A total of 169 participants completed the study. The intervention group significantly improved their knowledge of sublingual nitroglycerin when compared with the control group (P = .002). Conclusion: This 3-resource symptom management patient education shows promise in improving sublingual nitroglycerin knowledge for people with acute coronary syndrome.
Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial.

Background Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that enzymes that synthesize and metabolize vitamin D are magnesium dependent. Recent observational studies found that magnesium intake significantly interacted with vitamin D in relation to vitamin D status and risk of mortality. According to NHANES, 79% of US adults do not meet their Recommended Dietary Allowance of magnesium. Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that magnesium supplementation differentially affects vitamin D metabolism dependent on baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. Methods The study included 180 participants aged 40-85 y and is a National Cancer Institute independently funded ancillary study, nested within the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT), which enrolled 250 participants. The PPCCT is a double-blind 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial conducted in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Doses for both magnesium and placebo were customized based on baseline dietary intakes. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatments using a permuted-block randomization algorithm. Changes in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The relations between magnesium treatment and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 24,25(OH)2D3 were significantly different dependent on the baseline concentrations of 25(OH)D, and significant interactions persisted after Bonferroni corrections. Magnesium supplementation increased the 25(OH)D3 concentration when baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were close to 30 ng/mL, but decreased it when baseline 25(OH)D was higher (from ∼30 to 50 ng/mL). Magnesium treatment significantly affected 24,25(OH)2D3 concentration when baseline 25(OH)D concentration was 50 ng/mL but not 30 ng/mL. On the other hand, magnesium treatment increased 25(OH)D2 as baseline 25(OH)D increased. Conclusion Our findings suggest that optimal magnesium status may be important for optimizing 25(OH)D status. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03265483.
Bleeding and stent thrombosis on P2Y12-inhibitors: collaborative analysis on the role of platelet reactivity for risk stratification after percutaneous coronary intervention.

AIMS Although platelet reactivity during P2Y12-inhibitors is associated with stent thrombosis (ST) and bleeding, standardized and clinically validated thresholds for accurate risk stratification after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are lacking. We sought to determine the prognostic value of low platelet reactivity (LPR), optimal platelet reactivity (OPR), or high platelet reactivity (HPR) by applying uniform cut-off values for standardized devices. METHODS AND RESULTS Authors of studies published before January 2015, reporting associations between platelet reactivity, ST, and major bleeding were contacted for a collaborative analysis using consensus-defined, uniform cut-offs for standardized platelet function assays. Based on best available evidence for each device (exploratory studies), LPR-OPR-HPR categories were defined as <95, 95-208, and >208 PRU for VerifyNow, <19, 19-46, and >46 U for the Multiplate analyser and <16, 16-50, and >50% for VASP assay. Seventeen studies including 20 839 patients were used for the analysis; 97% were treated with clopidogrel and 3% with prasugrel. Patients with HPR had significantly higher risk for ST [risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI: 2.73 (2.03-3.69), P < 0.00001], yet a slight reduction in bleeding [RR: 0.84 (0.71-0.99), P = 0.04] compared with those with OPR. In contrast, patients with LPR had a higher risk for bleeding [RR: 1.74 (1.47-2.06), P < 0.00001], without any further benefit in ST [RR: 1.06 (0.68-1.65), P = 0.78] in contrast to OPR. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with HPR compared with other categories (P < 0.05). Validation cohorts (n = 14) confirmed all results of exploratory studies (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS Platelet reactivity assessment during thienopyridine-type P2Y12-inhibitors identifies PCI-treated patients at higher risk for mortality and ST (HPR) or at an elevated risk for bleeding (LPR).
The Effects of Pensions on Household Wealth: A Reevaluation of Theory and Evidence

This paper examines the extent to which households offset pension wealth with reductions in other wealth. Systematic econometric biases imply that the estimated offsets in previous empirical studies are smaller than the true offset and may even have the wrong sign. New empirical estimates that do not correct for the biases generate little offset between pensions and other wealth. Estimates that correct for the biases show substantially more offset (a smaller impact of pensions on overall saving) than in most previous studies. The estimates also indicate that the effects of pensions on wealth vary significantly across households.
Consumer Preferences in Meat

This paper addresses some of the requirements of modern consumers for fresh and processed meats. A focus is placed on the sensory quality attributes of meat tenderness, juiciness, flavour and odour and how these relate to the needs of the consumer. At the same time, cognizance is taken of the currentrequirements for healthy and nutritious food products, especially as pertaining to the lipid composition and the salt in the diet.Consumer desires for convenient and ready-to-eat meat products are discussed, as are some important issues surrounding process and/or production characteristics and their relation to animal welfare.
The APOSTLE project: Local Group kinematic mass constraints and simulation candidate selection

We use a large sample of isolated dark matter halo pairs drawn from cosmological N-body simulations to identify candidate systems whose kinematics match that of the Local Group (LG) of galaxies. We find, in agreement with the ‘timing argument’ and earlier work, that the separation and approach velocity of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) galaxies favour a total mass for the pair of ∼5 × 1012M . A mass this large, however, is difficult to reconcile with the small relative tangential velocity of the pair, as well as with the small deceleration from the Hubble flow observed for the most distant LG members. Halo pairs that match these three criteria have average masses a factor of ∼2 times smaller than suggested by the timing argument, but with large dispersion. Guided by these results, we have selected 12 halo pairs with total mass in the range 1.6–3.6 × 1012M for the APOSTLE project (A Project Of Simulating The Local Environment), a suite of hydrodynamical resimulations at various numerical resolution levels (reaching up to ∼104M per gas particle) that use the subgrid physics developed for the EAGLE project. These simulations reproduce, by construction, the main kinematics of the MW–M31 pair, and produce satellite populations whose overall number, luminosities, and kinematics are in good agreement with observations of the MW and M31 companions. The APOSTLE candidate systems thus provide an excellent testbed to confront directly many of the predictions of the cold dark matter cosmology with observations of our local Universe.
Preliminary results from a field experiment on e-bike safety: Speed choice and mental workload for middle-aged and elderly cyclists

To study the safety of e-bikes for the elderly, an experimental field study was conducted, using instrumented bicycles and comparing two age groups: older cyclists, n= 29, mean age = 70, SD = 4.2 and middle-aged cyclists, n = 29, mean age = 38, SD = 4.3. All were regular cyclists. They rode a fixed route with a length of about 3.5 km: once on an instrumented e-bike and once on an instrumented conventional bike, in counterbalanced order. Measures were taken on heart rate, mental workload, and geographical position (GPS), balance and riding speed. This paper only reports a subset of the results namely the main findings on speed and mental workload. As predicted, both age groups rode significantly faster on an e-bike than on a conventional bike. This difference was greatest on the straight sections, but only small in bends. In all situa-tions (turn to the left, and straight) older cyclists rode slower than middle-aged bicyclists, both on an e-bike and a conventional bicycle. In fact, the speed of elderly on e-bikes did not differ from that of middle-aged participants on conventional bikes. As expected, mental workload was higher in complex situations (left turns), than in simple ones (straight sections). Mental workload in complex situations were even higher for the elderly. But no difference was found for bicycle type. These results suggest that cyclists slow down their speeds in complex traffic situations, and that this pattern does not differ between conventional or e-bikes, nor between the two age groups. It is still too early to draw conclusions about the safety of e-bikes. Addi-tional analyses will be carried out to assess the robustness of these conclusions.
INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AL2O3-20 WT % ZRO2 COMPOSITES AS A FUNCTION OF SINTERING TEMPERATURE

High purity nanocrystalline α-alumina powder was mixed with 20 wt% ZrO2 by slurry method sintered at temperature (Ts) 1450°C, 1500°C, 1550°C and 1600°C for 2 hour. The density, porosity, structural properties and mechanical properties of Al2O3-ZrO2 composites with respect to sintering temperature have been explored in the present work. The XRD spectra indicate that α-Al2O3, t and m-ZrO2 are the crystalline phases present in 20 wt% ZTA composites for all sintering temperature. It is observed that with higher sintering temperature the intensity of m-ZrO2 phases increases and the t-ZrO2 phases decreases. However, t-ZrO2 retention becomes much easier to trigger the transformation to monoclinic. Higher density of 20 wt% ZTA has been achieved at 1600oC, whereas the highest porosity was obtained for sintering temperature 1450°C.The microstructures of the samples was studied by using SEM which represents highly homogeneous and finer structure at 1600oC. The effect of sintering temperature on hardness, elastic modulus and flexural strength were investigated and has been found to increase with the increase of sintering temperature. Maximum
A Secure Authorization for Cloud Data Deduplication using Privileged Key

: In today’s world, cloud service providers offers highly handy storage and as well as bulky parallel computing re-sources at nearly low costs. As cloud computing has become frequent, an ever increasing amount of data is stored in the cloud and shared by users with particular benefits. It defines the access rights which are safeguard for stored data. One of the tough challenge of cloud storage services is the administration of data which is increasing day by day. For the better preservation of data security, this project makes the first pursuit for technically inscribing the question of endorsement of data deduplication. Outstanding from all the other classic deduplication systems, the differential privileges of users are further taken in application in duplicate check keeping the data separate. We also present many innovative deduplication constructions which supports authorized duplicate check in an architecture of hybrid cloud. We are developing an advanced scheme for supporting stronger security by encryption of the file with different privilege keys. In this way, the users without correspondence of privileges do not perform the duplicate check. Security analysis shows that our system is secure in terms of the definitions which are specified in the system which is proposed.
Implications of the Effective Number of Parties for Cabinet Formation

This note helps to explain how cabinet-level concentration of power is constrained by party level concentration of seats. Arend Lijphart's Patterns of Democracy (1999) measures concentration of executive power by the frequency of `minimal winning and one-party cabinets' (MW/OP), and party concentration by the effective number (N) of legislative parties. In his factor analysis, these highly correlated indices are the central features that distinguish consensual from majoritarian systems. The present study establishes a quantitative logical relationship leading from N to the major component of MW/OP, so as to explain the reasons behind Lijphart's empirical observation. The note analyses separately the frequency of various types of cabinet coalitions that Lijphart's book has lumped together. It also offers a new way to visualize the effective number of legislative parties, as twice the minimal number of parties needed to form a minimal winning coalition.
Chito-oligosaccharides as an Alternative to Antimicrobials in Improving Performance, Digestibility and Microbial Ecology of the Gut in Weanling Pigs

A total of 126 crossbred weanling pigs (average body weight of 6.3±0.3 kg) were used to investigate the effect of chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, pH of gastro-intestinal tract (GI), intestinal and fecal microflora of young piglets. Pigs were allocated to three dietary treatments based on body weight and gender in a single factorial arrangement. Treatments were control (No COS), T1 (0.2% COS during starter (6-13 kg) and 0.1% COS during grower (13-30 kg) phases, and T2 (0.4% COS during starter (6-13 kg) and 0.3% COS during grower (13-30 kg) phases, respectively. Each treatment had 3 replicates and 14 pigs were raised in each pen. COS is a low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan that can be obtained from chitin of the crab shell after deacetylation with concentrated sodium hydroxide at high temperature and then further decomposition by chitosanase enzyme in the presence of ascorbic acid. For the starter and grower periods, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio among treatments. However, during the overall period (6-30 kg), T2 showed better (p<0.05) feed to gain ratio than other treatments. A digestibility study was conducted at the end of grower phase which showed improvement (p<0.05) in DM and crude fat digestibility in T2 over the control. At 25 kg body weight, 6 pigs per treatment (2 per replicate) were sacrificed to determine the effect of diets on pH and microbial count at different sections of the GI tract. The pH of the cecal contents in pigs fed 0.1% COS was higher (p<0.05) than in the other treatments. Total anaerobic bacterial number increased from cecum to rectum in all treatments. The weekly total bacterial counts showed higher (p<0.05) in feces of pigs fed COS than that of untreated pigs at the 8 th week. The number of fecal E. coli in untreated pigs at 4 th wk was 7.35 log CFU/g compared to 6.71 and 6.54 log CFU/g in 0.1 and 0.3% COS-treated pigs, respectively. Similarly, at 8 th wk, fecal clostridium spp. were lower in pigs fed 0.3% COS (5.43 log CFU/g) than in untreated pigs (6.26 log CFU/g). In conclusion, these results indicated that chito-oligosaccharide could improve feed efficiency in young pigs and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria.
Peer Victimization and Adolescent Substance Use: The Moderating Roles of Gender and Peer Aggression

of a thesis at the University of Miami. Thesis supervised by Professor Annette M. La Greca. No. of pages in text. (87) Peer victimization (PV) is a salient interpersonal stressor that has been linked with a variety of mental and physical health outcomes in adolescence. However, limited research has focused on the links between PV and substance use, specifically cigarette and alcohol use. The present study examined the relationship between four subtypes of PV (overt, relational, reputational, and cyber) and adolescent cigarette and alcohol use. Gender and peer aggression were also examined as potential moderators. Participants were 811 adolescents aged 13 to 19 years (M = 15.79 years; SD = 1.21), who were recruited from two high schools in the Miami-Dade County Public School system. Adolescents completed the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire, the Cyber Victimization Scale for Adolescents, and items from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Results indicated that aggressive boys who reported high levels of overt PV and aggressive boys who reported low levels of relational PV were most likely to report greater cigarette use. Overtly victimized youth were more likely to report a higher frequency of drinking and binge drinking. Cyber victimization represented a risk factor for all health risk behaviors. Findings suggest important targets for prevention and intervention efforts to reduce cigarette and alcohol use among youth. Peer-based interventions that address issues related to PV may be important in reducing adolescent
Changes in the Nuclei of Infected Cells at Early Stages of Infection with EMCV

By the methods of quantitative cytophotometry, we have identified the changes in the nucleus and of some intranuclear compartments in the early stages of infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). They can be characterized as early 1 - 2 hours post infection (hpi) and temporary increase (duration about 1 hour) in the content of the acidic proteins of the nucleolus, changing their decline to the control values. Then (after 1 - 2 hours) follows an increase in RNA content of nucleoli to 4 hours post infection (the process takes about 2 hours). The increase in RNA content in nucleoli is in approximately the same time (slightly behind) with the activation of PML bodies (2 - 4 hpi). Then, the RNA content in nucleoli decreased to the control values, while simultaneously decreasing activity of PML bodies (ranging from 5 - 6 hpi). The early stages of infection EMCV are also characterized by the tendency to increase in the size of the nuclei of infected cells, and preserve at a later time. Then there is an increase in RNA content in the nucleus, roughly coinciding with the increased content of RNA in the nucleoli.
Architectural Design of Grand Clos Collective Network for Supercomputers

As modern research and engineering computing methodologies, the demands for high-speed computational resources are growing at a rapid rate. The communication performance of collective network is a crucial factor influencing the communication performance of supercomputers which form the prevailing parallel architecture of modern high-performance computer systems. In this paper we have proposed a modular high-speed switch architectural design and a new collective network design of “Grand Clos” topology to meet the demands of efficient and high-speed communications on supercomputers. The communication performance parameters such as network latency and throughput are evaluated on the basis of parallel simulation models using the framework OMNET++ (C++, MPI) and run on IBM HS22 Blade Center. Analysis and comparison of simulation results has been performed and presented considering the impact of the traffic pattern and the packet size on the communication efficiency of the collective network. Key-Words: Collective Networks, Supercomputers, Grad Clos Architecture, Network Topology Design, OMNET++, Communication Performance Evaluation
The Emergence of the Thick Disk in a Cold Dark Matter Universe

The disk galaxy simulated using our chemodynamic galaxy formation code, GCD+, is shown to have a thick-disk component. This is evidenced by the velocity dispersion versus age relation for solar neighborhood stars, which clearly shows an abrupt increase in velocity dispersion at a look-back time of approximately 8 Gyr, and is in excellent agreement with observation. These thick-disk stars are formed from gas that is accreted to the galaxy during a chaotic period of hierarchical clustering at high redshift. This formation scenario is shown to be consistent with observations of both the Milky Way and extragalactic thick disks.