Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Psychology: History

A model that accounts for activity in primate frontal cortex during a delayed matching-to-sample task. Object-centered direction selectivity in the supplementary eye field of the macaque monkey.opmental model of word recognition and naming. 1994 Reactivation of hippo-campal ensemble memories during sleep. Science 265: 676–9 Zipser D, Andersen R A 1988 A back propagation programmed network that simulates response properties of a subset of posterior parietal neurons. Since the beginning of experimental psychology in the nineteenth century, there had been interest in the study of higher mental processes. But something discontinuous happened in the late 1950s, something so dramatic that it is now referred to as the 'cognitive revolution,' and the view of mental processes that it spawned is called 'cognitive psychology. ' What happened was that American psychologists rejected be-haviorism and adopted a model of mind based on the computer. The brief history that follows (adapted in part from Hilgard (1987) and Kessel and Bevan (1985)) chronicles mainstream cognitive psychology from the onset of the cognitive revolution to the beginning of the twenty-first century. From roughly the 1920s through the 1950s, American psychology was dominated by behaviorism. Behavior-ism was concerned primarily with the learning of associations, particularly in nonhuman species, and it constrained theorizing to stimulus–response notions. The overthrow of behaviorism came not so much from ideas within psychology as from three research approaches external to the field. During World War II, new concepts and theories were developed about signal processing and communication , and these ideas had a profound impact on psychologists active during the war years. One important work was Shannon's 1948 paper about Information Theory. It proposed that information was communicated by sending a signal through a sequence of stages or transformations. This suggested that human perception and memory might be conceptualized in a similar way: sensory information enters the receptors, then is fed into perceptual analyzers, whose outputs in turn are input to memory systems. This was the start of the 'information processing' approach—the idea that cognition could be understood as a flow of information within the organism, an idea that continues to dominate cognitive psychology. Perhaps the first major theoretical effort in information processing psychology was Donald Broad-bent's Perception and Communication (Broadbent 1958). According to Broadbent's model, information output from the perceptual system encountered a filter, which passed only information to which people were attending. Although this notion of an all-or-none filter would prove too strong …
Dirichlet spaces and strong Markov processes

We show that there exists a suitable strong Markov process on the underlying space of each regular Dirichlet space. Potential theoretic concepts due to A. Beurling and J. Deny are then described in terms of the associated strong Markov process. The proof is carried out by developing potential theory for Dirichlet spaces and symmetric Ray processes and by using a method of transformation of underlying spaces. Introduction. This paper is a continuation of (10). We will use those notions and terminologies adopted in (10). Let (X, m, Y, &) be a D-space. We define (aor-) capacity of an open set A c X by Cap (A) = inf &'1o(u, u) if YA = 0,
Abstract—modern Powerful Reconfigurable Systems Are Suited in the Implementation of Various Data-stream, Data- Parallel, and Other Applications. an Application That Needs Real-time, Fast, and Reliable Data Processing Is the Global Positioning System (gps)-based Vehicle Tracking System (vts). in This

replacement of the current microcontroller-based implementation. The proposed SOC is built on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) promising a cheaper design, a more cohesive architecture, a faster processing time and an enhanced system interaction. Different designs, and their hardware implementations, are proposed with different levels of integration. Performance analysis and evaluation of the investigated designs are included.
Liquidity and Trading Dynamics

How do financial frictions affect the response of an economy to aggregate shocks? In this paper, we address this question, focusing on liquidity constraints and uninsurable idiosyncratic risk. We consider a search model where agents use liquid assets to smooth individual income shocks. We show that the response of this economy to aggregate shocks depends on the rate of return on liquid assets. In economies where liquid assets pay a low return, agents hold smaller liquid reserves and the response of the economy tends to be larger. In this case, agents expect to be liquidity constrained and, due to a self-insurance motive, their consumption decisions are more sensitive to changes in expected income. On the other hand, in economies where liquid assets pay a large return, agents hold larger reserves and their consumption decisions are more insulated from income uncertainty. Therefore, aggregate shocks tend to have larger effects if liquid assets pay a lower rate of return.
RCS ANALYSIS ON DIFFERENT TARGETS AND BISTATIC ANGLES USING LTE FREQUENCY

Moving target detection and location are a function of dependent bistatic Radar Cross Section (RCS) and radar design parameters which in our experimental study used long-term evolution (LTE) signal as a source for passive bistatic radar (PBR). Moving target also can be classified in positions of different bistatic radar angles using conventional processing approaches which we performed a simulation using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio. The target bistatic radar cross-section, σb will give a realistic calculation on PBR performance with the requirement of complete treatment. The targets used are Toyota Rush (SUV) and Proton Exora (compact MPV) as a moving target had been designed based on the actual size to observe the performance of RCS due to the changing of bistatic angle between transmitter and receiver. The frequency transmit signal from LTE based station is 2.6 GHz, far-field conditions and the material used for the moving target is perfect electrical conductor. Simulation used different bistatic angles which are 590 and 900 of plane wave propagation. The simulation results show that largest area of moving target had better outcome that reliable with Babinet’s principle, which declares a target of physical cross-sectional area is proportionate to RCS. The variation of RCS also depends on the shape of moving target, size of moving target and angles of plane wave. This might improve the sensitivity elevation targets with an adjustment of receiver angle to the target and transmitter for a better RCS performance.
A Wideband Spectrometer with RFI Detection

We report on the design and construction of a wideband spectrometer of 500 MHz instantaneous bandwidth that includes automatic radio frequency interference (RFI) detection. The implementation is based on hardware developed at the Center for Astronomical Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER). The unique aspect of the spectrometer is that it accumulates both power and power-squared, which are then used to develop a spectral kurtosis (SK) estimator. The SK estimator statistics are used for real-time detection and excision of certain types of RFI embedded in the received signal. We report on the use of this spectrometer in the Korean Solar Radio Burst Locator (KSRBL). This instrument utilizes four of these 500 MHz bandwidth SK spectrometers in parallel, to achieve a 2 GHz instantaneous bandwidth that is time multiplexed over the entire 0.24–18 GHz radio frequency range, to study solar bursts. The performance of the spectrometers for excising RFI over this range is presented. It is found that the algorithm is especially useful for excising highly intermittent RFI but is less successful for RFI due to digital signals. A method we call multiscale SK is presented that addresses the known blindness of Kurtosis-based estimators to 50% duty-cycle RFI. The SK algorithm can also be applied to spectral channels prior to correlation to remove unwanted RFI from interferometer data.
Information hiding using steganography

Due to advances in ICT, most information is kept electronically. Consequently, the security of information has become a fundamental issue. Besides cryptography, steganography can be employed to secure information. Steganography is a technique of hiding information in digital media. In contrast to cryptography, the message or encrypted message is embedded in a digital host before passing it through the network, thus the existence of the message is unknown. Besides hiding data for confidentiality, this approach of information hiding can be extended to copyright protection for digital media: audio, video, and images.
Exertainer: An Interactive Entertainment System for Pervasive Running Applications

We developed Exertainer, a sensor-enabled, interactive running entertainment system to support advanced exercise applications. We developed a multiplayer racing game called Swan Boat on top of the Extertainer and conducted a user study. Introduction Recent progress in ubiquitous technology has brought new opportunities to redesign characteristics of exercises. There have been many academic efforts to make monotonous exercises like running more enjoyable, for example, by assisting runners based on real-time measurement of the runner’s physiological condition [6], or by giving incentives and feedback to motivate runners [1][2][3][5]. It has been shown that combining exercises with games not only make them more enjoyable but also enhance social bonding among players [4]. We envision that, in the future, diverse advanced exercise applications will emerge, featuring much richer interactivity and more immersive game play. We propose Exertainer, a sensor-enabled, interactive running entertainment system to support such applications. We expect Exertainer to be an effective replacement for traditional treadmill running. Although people can run in different environment, we target treadmill running since it is a common, convenient, Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). UbiComp 2009, Sep 30 – Oct 3, 2009, Orlando, FL, USA ACM XXX-X-XXXXX-XXX-X/XX/XX. *Miru Ahn CT DEPT., KAIST Kyungmin Cho CS DEPT., KAIST Sungwon Peter Choe CS DEPT., KAIST Sooho Cho CS DEPT., KAIST Inseok Hwang CS DEPT., KAIST Hyukjae Jang CS DEPT., KAIST Sungjun Kwon CS DEPT., KAIST Byunglim Park CT DEPT., KAIST Taiwoo Park CS DEPT., KAIST Jaesang Park R1Solution Co., Ltd.
Javanese-Indonesian Female Facial Expression (JIFFE-3D) Based on 3D Marker

Facial expression is a topic which is frequently used in several areas of research, such as security, psychology, and entertainment. All of these researches demand a high quality source data of facial expression. This research builds Javanese-Indonesian Female Facial Expression Database in three dimensional data called JIFFE-3D Database. JIFFE-3D Database contains facial expression which expresses Javanese-Indonesian female universal emotions, such as happiness, disgust, fear, angry, surprise, and sadness. JIFFE-3D Database is made by using motion capture system to capture changes in facial expression which is characterized by a shift in markers on face. The facial expression is captured by multi camera and saved in 3D data. JIFFE-3D Database could be a high quality source data if all data use only marker which has influence the shifting in facial expression.
Legislation, Contract Compliance and Diversity Practices: Do These Matter?

We investigated the impact of employment equity legislation, FCP compliance regulations, and the absence of these requirements on employment equity and diversity practices of Canadian firms. Our results indicate that CEOs of EEA firms have more proactive attitudes towards diversity. EEA firms, and to some extent FCP firms, also indicated higher levels of practices (e.g., policies, recruiting, training, and accountability) supportive of equity and diversity, than firms not subject to employment equity.
Fast high precision summation

Given a vector pi of ∞oating-point numbers with exact sum s, we present a new algorithm with the following property: Either the result is a faithful rounding of s, or otherwise the result has a relative error not larger than eps K cond( P pi) for K to be specifled. The statements are also true in the presence of under∞ow, the computing time does not depend on the exponent range, and no extra memory is required. Our algorithm is fast in terms of measured computing time because it allows good instruction-level parallelism. A special version for K = 2, i.e., quadruple precision is also presented. Computational results show that this algorithm is more accurate and faster than competitors such as XBLAS.
INTRAOSSEOUS INFUSION OF DIAZEPAM USING SPINAL NEEDLE

ABSTARCT: Se izure ca n cause serious brain damage if it prolongs. It is ge neral need to terminate seizure as soo n as possibl e using antico nvulsant dru gs via intravenous (IV) route. But, it is very difficult to achieve sec ure IV line duri ng the sei zu re. On the other hand, intraosseous (10) access is avai lable. In this study, diazepam was administered to rabbi ts using both IV and 10 lines at the dose of 0.2 mg/k g. Blood samples were co llec ted from ear vein for time per iod of 20 minutes and ana lyze d. Blood plasma diazepam co nce ntrations we re determined and their profil es were co mpared. Th e 10 line appeared to be an alterna tive route to IV access in the ad ministra tio n of diazepam. [Key wo rds: Diazepam , bo ne marrow infu sion , intraosseous infusion, spinal needl e, intravascular acce ss]
Entscheidungsunterstützung zur Auswahl von Verfahren der Trinkwasseraufbereitung an den Beispielen Arsenentfernung und zentrale Enthärtung

XV 1 Einführung und Inhaltsübersicht . 1 2 Entscheidungstheoretische Grundlagen . 4 2.1 Elemente von Entscheidungsmodellen.4 2.1.1 Handlungsalternativen . 4 2.1.2 Umweltzustände. 5 2.1.3 Ergebnisse . 6 2.1. 4 Ziele und Kriterien.6 2.1. 5 Präferenzrelationen. 7 2.2 Klassifizierung und Eingrenzung von Entscheidungsmodellen.8 2.2.1 Multikriterielle Entscheidungsverfahren für stetige Lösungsräume . 10 2.2.2 Multikriterielle Entscheidungsverfahren für diskrete Lösungsräume . 11 2.2.3 Decision Support Systems und Expertensysteme . 12 2.3 Prinzip der multikriteriellen Entscheidungsunterstützung. 13 2.4 Messtheoretische Aspekte . 14 3 Entscheidungsunterstützung zur Bewertung von Wasseraufbereitungsverfahren.17 3.1 Entscheidungsverfahren . 17 3.1.1 Nutzwertanalytische Verfahren . 17 3.1.1. 1 Festlegung von Wertfunktionen . 19 3.1.1.2 Kriteriengewichtung in der Nutzwertanalyse . 22 3.1.1.3 Vorund Nachteile nutzwertanalytischer Verfahren.24 3.1.2 Outrankingverfahren am Beispiel von PROMETHEE.25 3.1.2.1 Der Grundgedanke von Outrankingverfahren . 25 3.1.2.2 Das PROMETHEE-Konzept . 26 3.1.2.3 Vorund Nachteile von PROMETHEE.31 3.1.3 Welche Entscheidungsverfahren sind in welchen Fällen geeignet? 32 3.2 Ziele und Kriterien der Trinkwasseraufbereitung.33 3.3 Gewichtung.36 3.3.1 Einfaches Verfahren (Direct Ratio). 38 3.3.2 Detailliertes Verfahren.39 3.3.3 Aspekte bei der Punktevergabe . 40
Approach to Automaticity Principles of Information Processing Basic Aspects of Automaticity the Stroop Model

We consider how a particular set of information processing principles, developed within the parallel distributed processing (PDP) framework, can address issues concerning automaticity. These principles include graded, activation-based processing that is subject to attentional modulation; incremental, connection-based learning; and interactivity and competition in processing. We show how simulation models, based on these principles, can account for the major phenomena associated with automaticity, as well as many of those that have been troublesome for more traditional theories. In particular, we show how the PDP framework provides an alternative to the usual, diChotomy between automatic and controlled processing and can explain the relative nature of automaticity as, well as the fact that seemingly automatic processes can be influenced by attention. We also discuss how this framework can provide insight into the role that bidirectional influences play in processing: that is, how attention can influence processing at the same time that processing influences attention. Simulation models of. the Stroop color-word task. and the Eriksen response-competition task are described that help illustrate the application of the principles to performance in specific behavioral tasks.
Uniform boundedness of S-units in arithmetic dynamics

Let K be a number field and let S be a finite set of places of K which contains all the Archimedean places. For any �(z) 2 K(z) of degree d � 2 which is not a d-th power in K(z), Siegel's theorem implies that the image set �(K) contains only finitely many S-units. We conjecture that the number of such S-units is bounded by a function of |S| and d (independently of K and �). We prove this conjecture for several classes of rational functions, and show that the full conjecture follows from the Bombieri-Lang conjecture.
Steady state solutions of the Smoluchowski equation for rigid nematic polymers under imposed fields

We solve the Smoluchowski equation for steady state solutions of rigid nematic polymers and suspensions under imposed elongational ∞ow, magnetic or electric flelds, respectively. Under the three imposed flelds, we show that (1) the Smoluchowski equation can be cast into a generic form, (2) the external fleld must parallel to one of the eigenvectors of the second moment tensor in steady states, and (3) the steady state solution of the Smoluchowski equation (probability density function or simply pdf) is of the Boltzmann type parameterized by material parameters and two order parameters governed by two algebraic-integral equations. Then, we present a complete bifurcation diagram of the order parameters with respect to the material parameters by solving the algebraic-integral equations. The stability of the pdf solutions is inferred from the minimum of the free energy density. The solution method is extended to dilute solutions of dipolar, rigid nematic polymers under an imposed electric fleld. The flrst moment of the steady state pdf is shown to be parallel to the external fleld direction at su-ciently strong permanent dipole or relatively weak dipole-dipole interaction. In this case, the steady solution of the Smoluchowski equation is parameterized by one order parameter and material parameters in the Boltzmann form. Otherwise, the flrst moment is not necessarily parallel to the external fleld direction.
Randomized Byzantine Agreement

Distributed computing often involves a set of n processes arriving at a consensus/agreement on some bit v, in a de-centralized fashion. The problem is particularly interesting in the presence of Byzantine failures, i.e., an adversary may adaptively corrupt upto t among these n processes and cause them to behave arbitrarily in the consensus protocol. To elaborate, these processes may either completely avoid participation or send differing values to different correct processes. In short, these faulty processes aim to delay the achievement of consensus in the system as far as possible. In this lecture we shall make a few limiting assumptions on these faulty processes. These shall be introduced as and when required. In this lecture we introduce randomized Byzantine consensus protocols, where the processes are completely asynchronous. This was shown to be impossible in the deterministic setting. Note that a trivial byzantine agreement protocol simply agrees to 0 irrespective of its current state. To avoid such trivial protocols, we require two properties of any randomized byzantine agreement protocol (same as in [3]):
MIXED FOURIER-GENERALIZED JACOBI RATIONAL SPECTRAL METHOD FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL EXTERIOR PROBLEMS

In this paper, we develop a mixed Fourier-generalized Jacobi rational spectral method for two-dimensional exterior problems. Some basic results on the mixed Fourier-generalized Jacobi rational orthogonal approximations are established. Two model problems are considered. The convergence for the linear problem is proved. Numerical results demonstrate its spectral accuracy and efficiency.
Illusory Contou~ Completion Brightness Perceptual Set and Memory on Contour Perception (a)

Illusory contour:~ can be induced along directions approximately collinear to edges or approximately perpendicular to the ends of lines. Using a rating scale procedure we explored the relation between the two types oil inducers by systematically varying the thickness of inducing elements to result in varying amounUi of "edge-like" or "line-like" induction. Inducers for our illusory figures consisted of concentric rings with arcs missing. Observers judged the clarity and brightness of illusory figures as the number of a;rcs, their thicknesses, and spacings were parametrically varied. Degree of clarity and amount of induced brightness were both found to be inverted-U functions of the number of arcs. These results mandate that any valid model of illusory contour formation must account for interference effects between pilrallel lines or between those neural units responsible for completion of boundary signals in directions perpendicular to the ends of thin lines. Line width was found to have an effect on both clarity ilnd brightness, a finding inconsistent with those models which employ only completion perpendicular to inducer orientation. INT]~ODUCflON In two recent parametJic studies of factors supporting illusory contour fornlation, Shipley and Kellman (1992a) and Banton al1ld Levi (1992) reported that the ratio of the length of an illusory contour to the entire length of a contour composed of inducer segments and illusory segments was a prime factor in determining the perceived salience of the illusory contour. We sayan illusory contour is supported where real luminance gradients specify its location. Thus we refer to the ratio of "real to illusory-plus-real length" as the support ratio of an illusory figure. Shipley and Kellman's and Banton and Levi's experiments employed solid "pacman" induc-ers, consisting of dar~k: disks with a quarter missing (Kanizsa, 1955). Contour salience was found to be a monotonically increasing function of the support ratio for stimuli across a rimge of retinal size and inducer spacing. Our experiment employed similar illusory squares, but each induI;er was composed of a number of concentric circles (witlt missing arcs), where both the width and number of lines (arcs) were varied. In our study stimuli '~quivalent to those of Shipley and Kellman (1992a) and Banton and Levi (1992) represented a limiting case on the related dimensions of number of lines and line spacing. While our findings confirm the importance of the variable (support ratio) that these researchers investigated for illusory contour salience, we found clarity of the illusory contour, as well …