Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Potassium Fertilization Levels on The Population Density of The Leafhopper and Planthopper Species Attacking Eggplant in Gharbia Governorate تأثیر مستویات التسمید البوتاسی علی الکثافة العددیة نطاطات الأوراق ونطاطات النباتات التی تهاجم محصول الباذنجان فی محافظة الغربیة

The present experiment was conducted in Zefta, Gharbia governorate to examine the influence of fertilization levels on the population density of the different leafhoppers and planthoppers attacking eggplant crop during the two successive seasons (2017and 2018). The potassium fertilization levels of zero kg/fed. to 25, 50, and 75 kg/fed. attracted the highest average number of the leafhopper and planthopper species during the two seasons. The present study indicated that increasing potassium fertilization rates from zero kg/fed. to 25, 50 and 75 kg/fed. led to a decline in the average number of the tested insect pests during the two years with significant differences. The potassium fertilization of 75 kg/fed. attracted the lowest percentage of occurrence of the tested insect pests and presented by 13.6 and 15.3 % during the two seasons 2017 and 2018, respectively.
The Tip Perception of the Hotel Employees: Wage or Reward?

The “tip” phenomenon attracts the attention of various disciplines such as economics, sociology and psychology while it is a voluntary payment added on the service fee. A vast majority of the research on tipping examine the tipping behavior and motivation of the customers in the light of customer responses. There is a limited number of studies examining the “tip” phenomenon from an employee perspective. The aim of this study is to determine the tipping perceptions and beliefs of the employees who communicate face-to-face with customers and work in the hotel industry in Turkey. Our study reveals the meaning of tipping for hotel employees, the dynamics that determine the customers’ tipping behavior and the strategies that employees use to get a tip, considering the experience of the employees who worked/are working in a five-star hotel.
Structural and Functional Specialization of OSBP-Related Proteins

Lipids are precisely distributed in the eukaryotic cell where they help to define organelle identity and function, in addition to their structural role. Once synthesized, many lipids must be delivered to other compartments by non-vesicular routes, a process that is undertaken by proteins called Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs). OSBP and the closely-related ORP and Osh proteins constitute a major, evolutionarily conserved family of LTPs in eukaryotes. Most of these target one or more subcellular regions, and membrane contact sites in particular, where two organelle membranes are in close proximity. It was initially thought that such proteins were strictly dedicated to sterol sensing or transport. However, over the last decade, numerous studies have revealed that these proteins have many more functions, and we have expanded our understanding of their mechanisms. In particular, many of them are lipid exchangers that exploit PI(4)P or possibly other phosphoinositide gradients to directionally transfer sterol or PS between two compartments. Importantly, these transfer activities are tightly coupled to processes such as lipid metabolism, cellular signalling and vesicular trafficking. This review describes the molecular architecture of OSBP/ORP/Osh proteins, showing how their specific structural features and internal configurations impart unique cellular functions.
Experimental Parametric Investigation to Reduce Drag of a Scaled Model of Bulk Carrier Using BDR/ALS Technique

The shipping business expects to develop energy-saving and drag-reducing techniques addressing the cost of shipping and environmental problems. It has been reported that for slow-moving vessels, frictional resistance accounts for up to 80% of the total resistance, needing urgent attention to reduce the same. To reduce frictional resistance, the air has been used as lubricant, which is injected below the moving body known as Bubble Drag Reduction or the Air Lubrication System. In this article, results obtained from experimental investigations into drag reduction of a 1:23 scaled model of an 8000-ton deadweight bulk carrier by injecting air bubbles below it are presented. Investigations were carried out for a speed range of 6-10 knots, and for each speed, the effect of six injection flow rates of . 5-3.0 CFM were investigated. To investigate the effect of different sizes of injection holes, two types of injector units have been used: one with injection holes of 1 mm diameter and the other with injection holes of 2 mm diameter. The study carried out has many practical implications because it is easier to create bigger size holes which will reduce the power required to inject air, thereby increasing the efficiency of the entire technique. 1. Introduction It is projected that crude oil prices will continue to increase in the future, forcing marine businesses to rely on researchers to develop energy-saving devices (ESD) and drag-reducing technologies. It has been reported that for slow-moving vessels such tankers, bulk carriers, very large crude carrier (VLCC), and ultra large crude carrier (ULCC), frictional resistance accounts for up to 80% of the total resistance, needing urgent attention to reduce the same (Lewis n.d.; Larsson & Raven 2010). Numerous technologies have been studied and applied in reducing the frictional drag (Brostow 2008; Abdulbari et al. 2013; Luo et al. 2015; Mohammad & Mousavi 2015; Sindagi et al. 2016). Based on further studies Sindagi et al. (2018a, 2018b, 2018c, 2018d) and Sindagi and Vijayakumar (2020), it is concluded that air lubrication has additional advantages over other technologies, such as it is environmentally friendly, the operation is quite easy, and it results in low operating costs and high energy savings. Moreover, with air lubrication, an 80% reduction in the drag of the flat plate was achieved by Merkle et al. (1983) and Madavan et al. (1984, 1985).
Transposable elements: What have you done for me lately? A genomics based investigation into the potential functional roles of transposable elements using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans

The genomes of all organisms contain discrete DNA sequences present as disperse repetitive elements called transposons. Transposons have the unique ability to move to new chromosomal locations. Problems of uncontrolled movement of transposons can result in mutations, rearrangement, and even broken chromosomes. Often termed "selfish parasites" that invade a host genome, there is a longstanding question of whether they have a functional role. As a first step in an effort to investigate this question, I identified and annotated 276 full length and partial elements in the C.elegans genome. I determined the genomic location of each and looked for patterns resulting from their presence. I found that they are widespread throughout the C.elegans genome, and do not cluster on the arms of the chromosomes as was previously thought. In addition, I have found examples of elements that have created introns in C.elegans genes and for which there are conserved introns in a closely related species, C.briggsae. Lastly, I have discovered evidence of potential novel intron creation by transposable elements in both C.elegans and C.briggsae. These results establish evidence for the genome's adaptation to the presence of these elements, and point to the possibility of the host genome utilizing their unique characteristics to regulate gene expression.
Superorganisms and Holobionts

The term “superorganism” was coined in 1928 by the great myrmecologist William Morton Wheeler to describe a colony of eusocial insects, such as ants. The “super” in superorganism denotes a higher level of organization, an association composed of multiple organisms of the same species. Individual members perform specific tasks, much like the cells in different tissues of an organism. Reproduction may be relegated to a specialized few. This division of labor is tightly integrated through a network of communications, the medium for the message being chemical in the case of insects. By virtue of the conspicuous analogies to human culture, the term has also wended its way into social and economic theory.
PESL: System-Level Estimation of Power-Management Effect on Dynamic Energy Consumption

Power estimation is one of the key aspects that can help designers create digital circuits more effectively. If a designer is able to estimate circuit parameters during the early stages of development, correct decisions can be made that can significantly shorten the design time. The early design stages are represented by modeling at the system level of abstraction. However, existing system-level power/energy estimation methods are either too complicated, or they do not consider power management when estimating power consumption, meaning they are inaccurate. Therefore, in this paper we propose a method for a more accurate system-level estimation of the dynamic energy consumption by considering the impact of power management. The SystemC description of a power-managed system and the simulation results (in the form of the value change dump (VCD)) are inputs to the estimation method. The proposed method is based on an activity profile using the modified Hamming distance computation. The method is especially useful for the exploration of alternative power-management strategies, and it helps the designer to select the most efficient strategy.
In Search of Regulators of LeSPL-CNR by South-Western Blotting and Yeast One-Hybrid Library Screening System

LeSPL-CNR is a crucial transcription factor for fruit ripening of Solanum lycopersicum. The cnr (colorless non-ripening) epimutation resulted from hypermethylation in a 286 bp region of LeSPL-CNR promoter inhibits normal fruit ripening. In present study, potential regulators of LeSPL-CNR, which could bind to the specific 286 bp region, were screened via south-western blotting and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) library screening system. Results indicated that a total of 13 and 19 candidate proteins were acquired respectively, and both ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and 40S ribosomal protein were identified by two methods. These would provide some information for revealing roles of DNA methylation and the regulatory mechanism for LeSPL-CNR.
Study of the Relationship Between Mean Platelet Volume and LAD as a Culprit Vessel in NSTEMI

Background: Among acute coronary patients, the ratio of non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is increasing and according to recent studies, less than 30% of myocardial infarctions (MIs) are due to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Unlike STEMI, in NSTEMI the ECG is not able to identify the culprit vessel. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of mean platelet volume (MPV) and NSTEMI due to left anterior descending lesion. Methods: In this cross sectional study 349 patients with NSTEMI were included. Major cardiac risk factors (cigarette, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP), angiographic findings, and drug history of patients were extracted from patients’ medical files. Then the MPV in complete blood count results and angiography findings were analyzed for any association. According to culprit lesions patients were divided into left anterior descending (LAD) and non-LAD groups. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups (LAD vs. non-LAD) according to platelet count (P = 0.014), MPV (P = 0.001), HLP (0.024) and DM (0.048). Multivariate regression model has shown the MPV (OR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.27 - 0.78) and DM (OR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.06 - 0.54) as independent risk factors for NSTEMI due to LAD lesion. The significant positive correlation was also seen between MPV and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = 0.22, P = 0.006). The area under the curve (AUC) of MPV for predicting LAD culprit lesion was calculated as 69% (P < 0.0001). At cut off point of 9.15, has sensitivity and specificity of MPV for predicting LAD as culprit vessel was 100% and 30% respectively. Conclusions: In NSTEMI patients MPV might be a good tool to differentiate patients with LAD as culprit vessel.
¿Existe en América del Sur una brecha de consenso sobre el cambio climático? Evidencia a partir del análisis de percepción en redes sociales

This work investigates the possible existence of a consensus gap between scientific evidence and majority public perception, related to climate change in South America. Text mining techniques were used to extract georeferenced data from the social network Twitter during September and October of 2019. The selected text is classified from two classifiers such as the naive Bayesian classifier and the vector support machines classifier. Both classification algorithms have high accuracy rates (>80%). The results suggest the absence of a consensus gap in the case of South America, at present. This gap seems to be restricted to the case of countries like the United States. In South America, 86% to 95% of all tweets was classified as positive (believes that climate change is real).
Identi¢cation ofa newRTX-like Gene Cluster InVibrio Cholerae

A gene cluster containing two genes in tandem has been identified in Vibrio cholerae ElTor N16961. Each has more than one cadherin domain and is homologous to the RTX toxin family and was common in various V. cholerae strains. Insertional mutagenesis demonstrated that each gene has a role in Hep-2 cell rounding, hemolytic activity towards human and sheep RBCs and biofilm formation. The mutants showed reduced adherence to intestinal epithelial cells as well as reduction of in vivo colonization in suckling mice. These two genes thus code for RTX-like toxins in V. cholerae and are associated with the pathogenecity of this organism.
Identification of transcription factors activated by methylmercury in mouse brain

Methylmercury is a harmful heavy metal that selectively disrupts the central nervous system. To clarify the transcription induction mechanism that operates in the brain in response to methylmercury exposure, we used a protein/DNA binding assay to identify transcription factors activated in the cerebella of mice administered methylmercury. We identified PAX4, PAX6, TCF3 and HMGA1 as transcription factors activated by methylmercury.
Effect of beetroots substitution and storage on the chemical and sensory properties of wheat noodles

Beetroot consists of betalain, a natural red pigment which has desirable biological activities such as antioxidant, mineral and anti-inflammatory properties. Substitution of wheat flour with beetroot flour could improve the aesthetic and nutritional properties of the product. This study was conducted to determine the effects of beetroots substitution and storage on the chemical and sensory properties of wheat noodles. The noodles were prepared with beetroot powder of 5%, 10%, 15% and 100% wheat flour which serve as the control. Progressive decrease in lightness value was observed from 51.98 to 46.76 with increase in level of beetroot powder. The colour* value of control noodle was 1.13 and those of beetroot powder increased from 5.12 to 9.47, showing more reddish colour than the control. There were increase in redness (a*) value and decrease in lightness (L) value with the increase of colouring pigments. At the third months of storage, the noodles became lighter losing the red colouration. No significant differences (p<0.05) in the protein contents of the noodles. The betalain contents of the noodles increased with beetroot substitution and decreased with storage. Cooking loss and swelling power of the noodles increased with increase in beetroot powder substitution. The antioxidant potential of the noodles increased with increase in beetroot powder with 15% having the highest value (39.22%) while the value decreased with storage. The sensory result showed that the appearance of the control noodles was more preferred and accepted than others. Keywords: Noodles, Betalain, Storage, Colour, Antioxidant
Assessing methods and obstacles in chemical space exploration

Benchmarking the performance of generative methods for drug design is complex and multifaceted. In this report, we propose a separation of concerns for de novo drug design, categorizing the task into three main categories: generation, discrimination, and exploration. We demonstrate that changes to any of these three concerns impacts benchmark performance for drug design tasks. In this report we present Deriver, an open-source Python package that acts as a modular framework for molecule generation, with a focus on integrating multiple generative methods. Using Deriver, we demonstrate that changing parameters related to each of these three concerns impacts chemical space traversal significantly, and that the freedom to independently adjust each is critical to real-world applications having conflicting priorities. We find that combining multiple generative methods can improve optimization of molecular properties, and lower the chance of becoming trapped in local minima. Additionally, filtering molecules for drug-likeness (based on physicochemical properties and SMARTS pattern matching) before they are scored can hinder exploration, but can improve the quality of the final molecules. Finally, we demonstrate that any given task has an exploration algorithm best suited to it, though in practice linear probabilistic sampling generally results in the best outcomes, when compared to Monte Carlo sampling or greedy sampling. We intend that Deriver, which is being made freely available, will be helpful to others interested in collaboratively improving existing methods in de novo drug design centered around inheritance of molecular structure, modularity, extensibility, and separation of concerns.
Characterization of a major quantitative trait locus on chromosome five for hundred-kernel weight of maize (Zea mays L)

Kernel weight is one of the most important components of grain yield and is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) derived from natural variations in maize. However, the molecular roles of QTLs in the regulation of kernel weight have not been fully elucidated. In this study, by using homozygous chromosome single segment substitu- tion lines Z22(SSSL-Z22) as base material, two F populations derived from a cross between elite maize inbred line Zheng58 and SSSL-Z22, were employed to map QTLs of kernel weight traits in two years at the same location. Out of four traits, 3 QTLs were detected in one of the two environments whereas 2 detected in both environments. Two major QTLs, qhkw5-3 for hundred-kernel weight and qkw5-3 for kernel width, were consistently detected in similar chromosome segment in different years. qhkw5-3 was mapped to Bin 5.06 flanked by the SSR markers SYM033 and SYM108 with a genetic interval of 8.8 cM, which made kernel size smaller. qkw5-3 was identified between SYM024 and SYM129 with a genetic interval of 13.9 cM. These results will help to promote the fine map- ping and cloning of the target gene and further develop linked markers to be used in marker-assisted breeding.
Diverging Genetic Structure of Coexisting Populations of the Black Storm-Petrel and the Least Storm-Petrel in the Gulf of California

Estimations on the influence of evolutionary and ecological forces as drivers of population gene diversity and genetic structure have been performed on a growing number of colonial seabirds, but many remain poorly studied. In particular, the population genetic structure of storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) has been evaluated in only a few of the 24 recognized species. We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of the Black Storm-Petrel (Hydrobates melania) and the Least Storm-Petrel (Hydrobates microsoma) in the Gulf of California. The two species were selected because they are pelagic seabirds with comparable ecological traits and breeding grounds. Recent threats such as introduced species of predators and human disturbance have resulted in a decline of many insular vertebrate populations in this region and affected many different aspects of their life histories (ranging from reproductive success to mate selection), with a concomitant loss of genetic diversity. To elucidate to what extent the population genetic structure occurs in H. melania and H. microsoma, we used 719 base pairs from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene. The evaluation of their molecular diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow were performed through diversity indices, analyses of molecular and spatial variance, and isolation by distance (IBD) across sampling sites, respectively. The population genetic structure (via AMOVA and SAMOVA) and isolation by distance (pairwise p-distances and FST/1–FST (using ΦST) were inferred for H. microsoma. However, for H. melania evidence was inconclusive. We discuss explanations leading to divergent population genetic structure signatures in these species, and the consequences for their conservation.
Avaliação do sistema de estabilização plasmidial toxina-antitoxina para a produção de proteínas recombinantes em Escherichia coli.

KATAYAMA, K.Y. Evaluation of plasmidial stabilization system toxin-antitoxin for recombinant proteins production in Escherichia coli. 2016. 66 p. Master thesis (Biotechnology) – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2016. The search for renewable energy sources has driven research into more efficient and economically viable technologies for second generation ethanol production. A promising approach to obtain efficient enzyme cocktails for the hydrolysis step is the enrichment of cocktails in terms of activities that are lacking, but can be obtained by heterologous systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxin-antitoxin (TA) system for plasmid stabilization in E. coli, to reduce costs by eliminating the antibiotic in the production of recombinant proteins. The results obtained in kinetic and expression assays indicated that the expression system in the strain with TA stabilization is as effective as the use of antibiotic-dependent strain for plasmid stabilization, widely used at industrial scale. Besides effective, TA stabilization system was more efficient as it does not allow the survival of cells without the plasmid. It has been found that there is a leak of up to 10% of cells without the plasmid in antibioticdependent strain for plasmid maintenance, even in the presence of the antibiotic, and up to 34% without antibiotics during cultivation, which does not occur when using the TA system. Studies have indicated the minimum amount of 0.05 mM of IPTG for expression of proteins in this strain, about 20 times less than the concentration usually applied, but it is important to consider the cell density at time of induction. Thus, the TA plasmid stabilization system proved to be a great tool for the development of an alternative platform for producing recombinant proteins.
The role of oxidative phosphorylation in the mechanism of human sperm motility regulation

Energy synthesis for sperm motility in the mitochondria with enzymatic reactions in nucleus and mitochondria is called Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the respiratory process is coordinated in nucleus and mitochondria. Enzymes in OXPHOS process are complex enzymes I, III, IV and V in the mitochondria and complex enzyme II in the nucleus. If there is OXPHOS dysfunction, the mutation of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) will decrease energy (ATP, Adenosine Triphosphate) production and increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The characteristics of ROS are oxidant for lipid, protein and DNA, and all these reactions lead to the dysfunction of OXPHOS and, in the spermatozoa, they will decrease motility. The detection of ROS, Malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and sperm motility can use Chemiluminicense method, Spectroﬂourometric method, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and Markler method, respectively, as World Health Organization (WHO) Procedures Laboratory. These results indicated there was signiﬁcant indirect correlation between ROS with sperm motility and direct correlation between ROS with MDA, 8-OH-dG.