Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Slotted Aloha as a Stochastic Game with Partial Information

A technique for communicating binary data comprising adding the transmitted data signals to develop a check sum, transmitting the check sum immediately following the "end-of-transmission" signal, receiving the transmitted data signals together with said check sum, adding the data signals received to develop a received signal sum, and comparing said received signal sum with said check sum to verify message integrity. Both method and apparatus are disclosed.
Networks of Innovation: Change and Meaning in the Age of the Internet

From the Publisher: This volume takes an approach that is different from your standard internet-related books. The primary focus is the theory of Open Source Innovation. This is the open, collective interactive mode of innovation that involves little conventional economic transaction. This book goes from an analysis of the early phases of internet development to its importance today.
Underwater Vehicle for Surveillance with Navigation and Swarm Network Communication

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have gained more popularity in recent years for military as well as civilian applications. One potential application of AUVs is for the purpose of undersea surveillance. As research into underwater surveillance using AUVs progresses, issues arise as to how an AUV acquires acts on, and shares information about the underwater battle space. These issues naturally touch on aspects of vehicle autonomy and underwater communications, and need to be resolved through a spiral development process that includes experiments at sea. This paper presents an implementation of swarm network communication for AUVs which is used to transfer the data, to communicate with one another to perform tasks as an intelligent group including surveillance. When a task identified from a seafloor, a single AUV could follow that task and report the whereabouts. Other vehicles in the swarm could track additional individuals, produce detailed maps of the area, detect AUV updates to a distant command post. As individual AUV leave the swarm to fulfill their assigned tasks, the swarm could autonomously reorient itself. This reduces the inspection duration and inspection cost for underwater vehicle. This paper has described the on-board signal processing including a navigation and network communication which were successfully implemented. The vehicle is designed and simulation is studied in computer analysis as per the required parameters and condition. The Simulation of swarm network communication and navigation multi-path trajectory is performed.
The multi-token inter-arrival time (MTIT) access protocol for supporting IP over WDM ring network

One of the concepts currently pursued to provide the ideal network architecture for supporting the next generation Internet consists of transmitting the Internet protocol (IP) packets directly over the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) layer of extant optical networks. The challenge of this concept is to make the optical bandwidth directly accessible to IP with the statistical multiplexing necessary to support the bursty nature of IP traffic in a cost effective way. This paper proposes the multi-token inter-arrival time (MTIT) access protocol designed to achieve a bandwidth efficient multiplexing technique in WDM ring networks. The network throughput is maximized without violating the desired access delay requirement by controlling the "token inter-arrival time" as opposed to controlling the "token rotation time" as proposed in existing standards, e.g., FDDI. It is shown that the MTIT protocol efficiency grows with the number of wavelengths-in full agreement with the WDM technology trend-and does not depend on the packet length-a feature ideal for IP implementation. In addition, the protocol provides a unique token control technique that allows to maintain the channel access delay at a node bounded even within the round trip propagation time of a ring.
Validating Network Security Policies via Static Analysis of Router ACL Configuration

Abstract : The security of a network depends on how its design fulfils the organization's security policy. One aspect of security is reachability: whether two hosts can communicate. Network designers and operators face a very difficult problem in verifying the reachability of a network, because of the lack of automated tools, and calculations by hand are impractical because of the often sheer size of networks. The reachability of a network is influenced by packet filters, routing protocols, and packet transformations. A general framework for calculating the joint effect of these three factors was published recently. This thesis partially validates that framework through a detailed Java implementation, with the creation of an automated solution which demonstrates that the effect of statically configured packet filters on the reachability upper bounds of a network can be computed efficiently. The automated solution performs its computations purely based on the data obtained from parsing router configuration files. Mapping all packet filter rules into a data structure called PacketSet, consisting of tuples of permitted ranges of packet header fields, is the key to easy manipulation of the data obtained from the router configuration files. This novel approach facilitates the validation of the security policies of very large networks, which was previously not possible, and paves the way for a complete automated solution for static analysis of network reachability.
Coding tradeoffs for improved performance of FH/MFSK systems in partial band noise

Partial band noise jamming can severely degrade the performance of frequency-hopped, M-ary frequency-shift keyed communciation systems. This paper illustrates the tradeoffs between channel coding, diversity, and block orthogonal (MFSK) modulation as a means of overcoming the advantage of worst case, non-adaptive (as opposed to repeat-back) partial band jamming. For ease of computation, the analysis relies on exponentially tight error bounds, and is based on a noncoherent detection metric that requires jamming state information for each hop. A more robust, less complex receiver structure which eliminates the jamming knowledge requirement is shown to degrade performance less than 2-1/2 dB. The coding tradeoffs discussed in this report are exemplified in the design of a hypothetical 32 kb/s military frequency-hopped communication link.
Simulation of finite state machines in a quantum computer

A construction is given for simulating any deterministic finite state machine (FSM) on a quantum computer in a space-efficient manner. By constructing a superposition of input strings of lengths K or less, questions can be asked about the FSM, such as the inputs that reach particular nodes, and the answers can be found using a search algorithm such as Grover's. This has implications for the eventual utility of quantum computers for software validation.
Coordination-theoretic Approach to Modelling Grid Service Composition Process

A grid service composite process is made up of complex coordinative activities. Developing the appropriate model of grid service coordinative activities is an important foundation for the grid service composition. According to the coordination theory, this paper elaborates the process of the grid service composition by using UML 2.0, and proposes an approach to modelling the grid service composition process based on the coordination theory. This approach helps not only to analyze accurately the task activities and relevant dependencies among task activities, but also to facilitate the adaptability of the grid service orchestration to further realize the connectivity, timeliness, appropriateness and expansibility of the grid service composition.
A Dual-Band Dual-Polarised Stacked Patch Antenna for 28 GHz and 39 GHz 5G Millimetre-Wave Communication

Rapid developments in wireless communications demand an antenna that can operate at dual frequency bands in a compact size. In this work, a dual-band dual-polarised antenna is proposed for future 5G wireless communications that can operate at 28 GHz and 39 GHz 5G frequency bands. The proposed antenna is a stacked capacitive coupled patch antenna with bend parasitic elements having a dual-polarisation capability. The design principles and the antenna performance are discussed in detail. The antenna covers 25.75-30.25 GHz and 36.5-41.5 GHz and has a broad bandwidth in both the frequency bands. The proposed antenna element has a peak gain of 7.14 dBi in the lower band and 6.44 dBi in the higher band. The antenna element has a compact size of 3.8 mm × 3.8 mm × 1 mm making it suitable for implementation of antenna arrays in mobile devices.
Experimental Investigation of V2I Radio Channel in an Arched Tunnel

This paper describes the results of the experimental radio channel sounding campaign performed in an arched road tunnel in Le Havre, France. The co-polar and cross-polar channels measurements are carried out in the closed side lane, while the lane along the center of the tunnel is open to traffic. We investigate the channel characteristics in terms of: path loss, fading distribution, polarization power ratios and delay spread. All these parameters are essential for the deployment of vehicular communication systems inside tunnels. Our results indicate that, while the H-polar channel gain attenuates slower than the V-polar channel due to the geometry of the tunnel, the mean delay spread of the H-polar channel is larger than that of the V-polar channel.
Module 7: Multilevel Models for Binary Responses (Practical)

Our response variable is a binary indicator of whether a woman received antenatal care from a medically-trained provider (a doctor, nurse or midwife) at least once before her most recent live birth. To minimise recall errors, the question was asked only about children born within five years of the survey. For this reason, our analysis sample is restricted to women who had a live birth in the five-year period before the survey. Note that if a woman had more than one live birth during the reference period, we consider only the most recent.
A Novel Optimized Trajectory Planning Method via Spline Function Theorems

Trajectory planning of dynamical control systems (e.g., robots and aircrafts) undergoes some constraints on input signals and output transients. It can be viewed as a special class of optimal control problems. But, solving these problems is not an easy task. We consider the optimal output trajectory planning problem of a singal input and single output system with controllable canonical form under some constraints on input and output signals. A novel method is proposed that applies polynomical spline functions to delineate the output trajectory profile. Particular properties on spline functions are proved theoretically to ensure that the constrained dynamical optimization problem is converted to a constrained static optimization problem. The latter can be solved easily through the nonlinear programming approaches (e.g. SQP), where a set of optimal spline functions for output trajectory tracking are derived.
Full-Wave Synthesis of Modulated Metasurface Antennas

A full-wave synthesis algorithm for modulated meta-surface antennas is presented. It is able to provide arbitrary radiation patterns, with any polarization. The algorithm does not use the local periodicity approximation, but is directly based on the electric field integral equation (EFIE). Using Fourier-Bessel basis functions (FBBFs), one can efficiently discretize the surface currents. An inverse problem based on the EFIE is then formulated to derive the surface impedance from the knowledge of the currents. It has been observed that the FBBFs are also more suited than the Zernike basis for the surface impedance discretization. In the case of antenna applications, only the visible part of the surface currents spectrum is known from pattern specifications. This visible part can be combined with the near-field of the average reactance (SW contribution) to derive the required impedance boundary condition (IBC); this latter is constrained to be anti-Hermitian as required for implementation in the absence of losses. An example of shaped beam design is presented and numerically validated.
High-Accuracy Real-Time Monitoring of Heart Rate Variability Using 24 GHz Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar

This paper presents a novel algorithm for the estimation of heart rate variability (HRV) features using 24-GHz continuous-wave Doppler radar with quadrature architecture. The proposed algorithm combines frequency and time domain analysis for high-accuracy estimation of beat-to-beat intervals (BBIs). Initially, band pass filtered in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) radar components are fused into a single combined signal that contains information on the heartbeats. Its frequency domain analysis is used for coarse heart rate estimation. At the same time, the combined signal is processed using a filter bank containing narrowband band pass filters with different center frequencies. One of the band pass filter outputs is selected as the valid output based on the coarse heart rate estimation. Zero crossings in the resulting filter bank output signal represent heartbeats that are used to extract the BBIs. Finally, four HRV features are calculated from the BBIs. The algorithm is tested on real data obtained from recordings on ten human subjects. The mean relative error of extracted BBIs compared to electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement is in the 1.02–2.07% range. Furthermore, two time-domain and two frequency domain HRV features were calculated from the BBIs. The obtained results show a high level of agreement between radar-extracted and ECG-extracted HRV features. Low computation complexity makes this algorithm suitable for real-time monitoring.
Modeling of Shadowing States of On-Off Body Propagation of Wireless Body Area Network During Human Walking using Simple Geometrical Calculation

Propagation channel of body area networks fluctuates by shadowing caused by human movement. In this paper, on-off body propagation of body area network during human walking for seven on-body antennas and an external access point is geometrically modeled by plane wave incident direction parameters; zenith and azimuth. By shadowing state estimation using ray tracing technique, LOS/NLOS state is calculated for each zenith and azimuth parameters. The LOS/NLOS boundary of shadowing state for individual time frame and receiving position is approximated by two boundary lines with four parameters. As a result, time variation of the on-off body shadowing parameters of human walking between the receiving position on right hand and the external access point is shown. To investigate other human movements and exhibit derived parameters are left for further report.
Sidelobe Level Reduction in Ridged Leaky Waveguide Through Stereolithography

This article presents a single-polarized directive leaky-wave antenna at Ka-band providing low sidelobe level. The considered structure is original and consists in a slotted and ridged waveguide, which is excited by a single mode through a rectangular-to-square transition. By properly modulating the length of the slots and the height of the ridge along the antenna, it is possible to achieve full control over the complex illumination. The additive manufacturing process of stereolithography is used to print the low sidelobe level prototype. Measurements are presented and show nice agreement with full-wave simulations, reaching a sidelobe level of - 15.3 dB at 30 GHz.
Evaluating Process and Measurement Noise in Extended Kalman Filter for GNSS Position Accuracy

Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely used in the dynamic systems under the assumption that the process and measurement noises are Gaussian distributed. It is well known that the covariance matrixes of process noise and measurement noise have a significant impact on the EKF’s performance. To evaluate its impact on the estimation of user position, this paper proposes two models. The first model depends on the power spectral densities of speed noise, clock bias noise and frequency drift noise to estimate covariance matrix of process noise. The second model is an exponential model that depends on the satellite elevation angle to estimate covariance matrix of measurement noise.
New Feed Mechanism for Dual-Polarized Microstrip Ring Patch Antenna

A novel feed mechanism for microstrip patch antennas is presented. The structure of the feed can be regarded as a coaxial balun, and it can be resonant in a one-wavelength loop mode. When the loop mode is properly coupled with the fundamental mode of the microstrip antenna, a broad impedance bandwidth and a symmetrical radiation pattern can be obtained. For the proposed feed, parametric analyses are first performed when it is applied into a square-ring patch antenna. Based on the simulation results, a dual-polarized ring patch antenna is then developed, and its prototype is constructed. Both measured and simulated results indicate that the antenna prototype has a gain of higher than 8 dBi and a cross polarization level of lower than −25 dB within an impedance bandwidth of about 12 %. In addition, the two orthogonal input ports has an isolation level of smaller than −30 dB across the whole operating frequency band.
Printed Vertically-Polarized Quasi-Endfire Beam Steering Array with Full Ground Plane for 5G Mobile Applications

This paper proposes a quasi-endfire vertical polarized antenna array at 28.8 GHz for 5G mobile applications. The array element is composed of a dipole antenna with its two ends shorted by metallic via walls. The via walls have the same omni-directional radiation and 180° phase shift which generates a bi-directional radiation pattern. By adding another metallic via wall behind the array elements, it can act as a reflector, with the array radiating in only one direction. The antenna and array’s performance are verified in the simulations. The structure presents good impedance matching and vertically-polarized quasi-endfire radiation patterns. Moreover, the array has low profile and needs no clearance on the ground plane.
An overview of current and proposed communication standards for large deployment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Current public, private, and military communication systems, like conventional terrestrial and satellite phone data communication systems, have never been designed to provide connectivity to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) in very large numbers. UASs need not only to communicate, but require ubiquitous coverage and secure data links by design, catapulting them to the forefront of demanding communication systems. It is shown that current communication systems are neither designed, nor capable to handle the assumed growth of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) and that their routing, security, data rate, and range are not optimized for UAS flight characteristics. Ideas for upgrading current communication systems to better suit the communication needs of UAS are researched. Yet, it is argued that new communication standards are necessary, to not only cover singular and localized use cases of UASs, but enable global networking benefits. The paper gives an overview of the communication standards in development and their focus area selected by their standardization bodies. The standards are investigated regarding whether they sufficiently address the needs arising from the predicted numbers of UA and are suited to enable a broad set of use cases. In particular, the new proposed schemes are examined on the physical (PHY) and medium access (MAC) layers. It is differentiated between communication for Command and Control (C2), also termed Control and Non-payload Communication (CNPC) in IEEE and ITU, communication for cooperative surveillance, and payload communication. These separate needs of information transmission have different requirements, but combining them into a joint design has technological and economical benefits. New proposals for routing algorithms are surveyed and categorized, emphasizing on Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) and their relation to Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs). These networks are primary means for establishing connectivity between UAs, but also between UAs and ground stations. Because of the enormous amount of routing protocols and proposals, there is no desire to offer a complete list, but to give a comprehensive overview over the most suitable algorithms taking the unique UAS requirements into account.
Influence of Different Descriptors to Enhance Image Registration Techniques Using FREAK: Case Study

Image registration is considered as an important research direction in image processing and computer vision. Image registration is the method of arranging, matching and overlaying two or more images of a scene which are captured from similar scenes, but not same scenes. Images captured at different times from different viewpoint may vary in contrast, color or brightness. Image registration transfers the color style of target images to the reference image selected from one of these captured images. This paper evaluates the performance of different descriptors like SIFT, SURF, FREAK using SIFT, FREAK using SURF and CNN in generating matching images. Different performance measures like SSIM, MSSSIM, CSSS, MSE, PSNR, UQI and RMSE are used to compare the matching image with the input reference image to determine the visual quality and structural similarity. Experimental results show that FREAK using SURF outperforms other descriptors in the case of structural similarity and visual quality.
Test Zone Verification Procedures in a Random-LOS Measurement Setup

In this paper we analyze three different verification procedures of the test zone in the Random Line-of-Sight measurement setup. The goal is to find a way to reduce the number of samples needed to estimate the standard deviation and the mean value within a circular test zone. It was found that more than 50 samples are needed to get reliable performance with the verification procedure using two orthogonal lines. However all three investigated methods work well, but the two other methods need more than 100 samples. This means that the samples can be taken within the test zone along two orthogonal lines, in a spiral shape, as well as a combination of these two methods, depending on the user’s preference.
Microwave Thermal Ablation: focusing energy in target tissue using fat layer

Microwave thermal ablation therapy is a minimally invasive technique introduced in the interventional oncology practice to treat a range of cancerous pathologies. Whereas satisfying results are obtained with the treatment of large and relatively homogeneous areas (e.g. hepatic tumours), treatments of small and inhomogeneous targets are currently under investigation. Minimizing the transversal dimension of applicators represents a crucial aspect in the case of sensitive structures (e.g. blood vessels) surrounding target area. Despite several improvements being proposed, a minimal invasive applicator suitable for small targets adjacent to crucial structures remains an unsolved issue, so far. A proposal to achieve a compromise between a minimally-invasive applicator geometry and a focused thermal pattern is presented in this work. The idea concerns exploiting insulator properties of fat layer, which normally coats the organs in the abdominal cavity. In this scenario, fat tissue is used to focus the heating pattern in the target tissue. Low effective conductivity of fat tissue induces a low absorbed power of the tissue and a consequent low heating of the area. Based on these evaluations, fat layer is also used to avoid unnecessary and potentially dangerous overheating of surrounding healthy structures.