Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient LED-SAC Sparse Estimator Using Fast Sequential Adaptive Coordinate-Wise Optimization (LED-2SAC)

Solving the underdetermined system of linear equations is of great interest in signal processing application, particularly when the underlying signal to be estimated is sparse. Recently, a new sparsity encouraging penalty function is introduced as Linearized Exponentially Decaying penalty, LED, which results in the sparsest solution for an underdetermined system of equations subject to the minimization of the least squares loss function. A sequential solution is available for LED-based objective function, which is denoted by LED-SAC algorithm. This solution, which aims to sequentially solve the LED-based objective function, ignores the sparsity of the solution. In this paper, we present a new sparse solution. The new method benefits from the sparsity of the signal both in the optimization criterion (LED) and its solution path, denoted by Sparse SAC (2SAC). The new reconstruction method denoted by LED-2SAC (LED-Sparse SAC) is consequently more efficient and considerably fast compared to the LED-SAC algorithm, in terms of adaptability and convergence rate. In addition, the computational complexity of both LED-SAC and LED-2SAC is shown to be of order , which is better than the other batch solutions like LARS. LARS algorithm has complexity of order , where is the dimension of the sparse signal and is the number of observations.
Sedimentation rates test models of oceanic detachment faulting

Long‐lived detachment faults play an important role in the construction of new oceanic crust at slow‐spreading mid‐oceanic ridges. Although the corrugated surfaces of exposed low‐angle faults demonstrate past slip, it is difficult to determine whether a given fault is currently active. If inactive, it is unclear when slip ceased. This judgment is crucial for tectonic reconstructions where detachment faults are present, and for models of plate spreading. We quantify variation in sediment thickness over two corrugated surfaces near 16.5°N at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge using near‐bottom Compressed High Intensity Radar Pulse (CHIRP) data. We show that the distribution of sediment and tectonic features at one detachment fault is consistent with slip occurring today. In contrast, another corrugated surface 20 km to the south shows a sediment distribution suggesting that slip ceased ~150,000 years ago. Data presented here provide new evidence for active detachment faulting, and suggest along‐axis variations in fault activity occur over tens of kilometers.
Mutual inductance of noncoaxial circular coils with constant current density

The purpose of this paper is to determine the mutual inductance between two noncoaxial circular coils. In many cases, such as coil guns or tubular linear motors, one of them is fixed while the other one is moving, and if not supported, its axis may not coincide with that of the fixed coil. This paper presents a method for the calculation of the mutual inductance in the case of noncoaxial coupled coils, the characteristics of this inductance, and experimental results. The computation is based on complete elliptic integrals and on the mesh-matrix technique. The method enables one to obtain accurate results from a relatively simple procedure and calculation program.
Maximum Entropy Approach for Reconstructing Bivariate Probability Distributions

The main purpose for this study is to provide a useful algorithm that combines the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) and a computational method to predict the unique form of a two-dimensional maximum entropy distributions. In this paper, we present the application of MEM to determine the important bivariate distributions which are very effective in industrial and engineering fields especially in Cybernetics and internet systems. The combination of MEM and numerical method as a proposed algorithm is a useful method with the ability to model datasets which includes both missing and presence datas, The new algorithm provides reasonable estimations for reconstructing the target bivariate distributions which has maximum entropy. We examined the effectiveness of our algorithm to make predictions for two famus distributions. The resulting distributions have minimum error with respect to missing information. In fact, maximum entropy distribution is able to fit the known density given the prior knowledge of the target distribution. So, the MEM modeling procedure can be applied in present form for a variety of applications with precsence-only datasets. Possessing the simple and accurate mathematical formulation and using presence-only data, MEM has become a well-suited method for different kinds of distribution modeling.
Modern and ancient seismogenic out‐of‐sequence thrusts in the Nankai accretionary prism: Comparison of laboratory‐derived physical properties and seismic reflection data

To investigate characteristics of a seismogenic out‐of‐sequence thrust (OOST) imaged as a strong reflection on seismic profiles in the Nankai accretionary prism, we determined acoustic properties of discrete samples from an fossil Nobeoka OOST outcrop under confining pressures, and compared the acoustic properties with those of an active OOST in the Nankai accretionary prism. We observed anisotropy of velocity and attenuation in the hanging wall of Nobeoka OOST attributed to foliation of pelitic‐phyllite. In contrast, the footwall is composed of brittlely deformed, chaotic shales and fine sandstones, and velocities in the footwall are lower than those in the hanging wall. Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) modeling utilizing contrasts in P‐ and S‐wave velocities and densities between the hanging wall and footwall of the Nobeoka OOST indicates that fractures filled with overpressured fluid likely account for angle‐dependent reflection amplitudes of the active OOST in the Nankai Trough.
Lambda Value at Risk and Regulatory Capital: A Dynamic Approach to Tail Risk

This paper presents the first methodological proposal of estimation of the Λ V a R . Our approach is dynamic and calibrated to market extreme scenarios, incorporating the need of regulators and financial institutions in more sensitive risk measures. We also propose a simple backtesting methodology by extending the V a R hypothesis-testing framework. Hence, we test our Λ V a R proposals under extreme downward scenarios of the financial crisis and different assumptions on the profit and loss distribution. The findings show that our Λ V a R estimations are able to capture the tail risk and react to market fluctuations significantly faster than the V a R and expected shortfall. The backtesting exercise displays a higher level of accuracy for our Λ V a R estimations.
Distance Computation Between Non-Holonomic Motions with Constant Accelerations

A method for computing the distance between two moving robots or between a mobile robot and a dynamic obstacle with linear or arc-like motions and with constant accelerations is presented in this paper. This distance is obtained without stepping or discretizing the motions of the robots or obstacles. The robots and obstacles are modelled by convex hulls. This technique obtains the future instant in time when two moving objects will be at their minimum translational distance - i.e., at their minimum separation or maximum penetration (if they will collide). This distance and the future instant in time are computed in parallel. This method is intended to be run each time new information from the world is received and, consequently, it can be used for generating collision-free trajectories for non-holonomic mobile robots.
Why density functionals should not be judged primarily by atomization energies

While most molecules and solids are spin-unpolarized, most chemically-active atoms are partly spin-polarized. As a result, the errors of the spin-dependence of a density functional are much more troublesome for atomization energies than they are for typical reaction or formation energies. This observation explains why the atomization energy errors of approximate functionals do not correlate with their other errors, and why the errors of atomization energies for a given functional can be radically reduced by fitting the energies of the atoms. We present an illustrative example from the recent nonempirical construction of the SCAN meta-generalized gradient approximation.
THE MODULATION OF GALACTIC COSMIC-RAY ELECTRONS IN THE HELIOSHEATH

Voyager 1 has observed strong increases in the intensities of 2–160 MeV electrons since crossing the termination shock of the heliosphere in 2004 December. Before this time these intensities were submerged below the detector background, except for occasional transient events. These increases are large compared to the concurrent increases of positive ions such as H, He, and O. A significant part is probably due to temporal effects as the heliosphere was recovering to solar minimum conditions from 2005 to early 2010. The intensity observed by Voyager 2 since its crossing of the shock in 2007 September is 5–10 times lower than that observed by Voyager 1, which is so low that the electron intensity may still be below the background produced by high-energy protons in the detector. This points to a large north–south asymmetry in the properties of the heliosheath. It is shown that the observations suggest that these electrons are not freshly accelerated on the termination shock, but rather that they are of galactic origin—while they may be re-accelerated by that shock. In this paper, these intensities are modeled with numerical solutions of the cosmic-ray transport equation. It is shown that because they are relativistic, the electrons are much more sensitive to the form of the diffusion coefficient at low rigidities than ions, and that this can explain the asymmetry.
Productivity differentials in the U.S. and EU distributive trade sector: statistical myth or reality

In this paper we asses whether productivity growth differentials between the U.S. and Europe in the distributive trade sector are real or mainly a statistical myth. New estimates of retail trade productivity are constructed, taking into account purchase prices of goods sold. We also adjust U.S. wholesale productivity growth for the upward bias due to the use of constant-quality prices of ICT-goods sales. We find that multifactor productivity growth in the U.S. has been higher than in Europe after 1995, but that this lead is smaller than suggested by national accounts based estimates. This finding is robust for various productivity measurement models.
Three-Phase Compositional Modeling of CO2 Injection By Higher-Order Finite Element Methods With CPA equation of state

[1] Most simulators for subsurface flow of water, gas, and oil phases use empirical correlations, such as Henry’s law, for the CO2 composition in the aqueous phase, and equations of state (EOS) that do not represent the polar interactions between CO2 and water. Widely used simulators are also based on lowest-order finite difference methods and suffer from numerical dispersion and grid sensitivity. They may not capture the viscous and gravitational fingering that can negatively affect hydrocarbon (HC) recovery, or aid carbon sequestration in aquifers. We present a three-phase compositional model based on higher-order finite element methods and incorporate rigorous and efficient three-phase-split computations for either three HC phases or water-oil-gas systems. For HC phases, we use the Peng-Robinson EOS. We allow solubility of CO2 in water and adopt a new cubic-plus-association (CPA) EOS, which accounts for cross association between H2O and CO2 molecules, and association between H2O molecules. The CPA-EOS is highly accurate over a broad range of pressures and temperatures. The main novelty of this work is the formulation of a reservoir simulator with new EOS-based unique three-phase-split computations, which satisfy both the equalities of fugacities in all three phases and the global minimum of Gibbs free energy. We provide five examples that demonstrate twice the convergence rate of our method compared with a finite difference approach, and compare with experimental data and other simulators. The examples consider gravitational fingering during CO2 sequestration in aquifers, viscous fingering in water-alternating-gas injection, and full compositional modeling of three HC phases.
Intrinsic Dissipation in Superconducting Junctions Probed by Qubit Spectroscopy

The study of frequency‐dependent intrinsic dissipation in a highly transparent Josephson junction by means of quantum‐bit (qubit) spectroscopy is proposed. The spectral density of the effective dissipative bath may contain significant contributions from Andreev bound states coupled to fluctuations of the Josephson phase. Varying either the bias current applied to the junction or magnetic flux through a superconducting ring in the radiofrequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf‐SQUID) setup, one can tune the level splitting value close to the bottom of the Josephson potential well. Monitoring the qubit energy relaxation time one can probe the spectral density of the effective dissipative bath and unambiguously identify the contribution emerging from Andreev levels.
Landmark Influence Visualization in Active Shape Models

Segmentation of shapes in Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) data is a non-trivial problem. Active Shape Models (ASM) is an approach that attempts to fit a Statistical Shape Model to landmarks. One possible approach is to let a user fit the model onto the MRI data by placing landmarks for ASM. Usually, the user can only see the global fit of the Statistical Shape Model; adjustments to landmarks have a global effect. This hinders the user in time-efficiently constructing a set of landmarks that maximizes the accuracy of the segmented shape. A novel landmark influence visualization is proposed that improves the usability of Active Shape Models. Landmark influence is defined as the change the model fit will undergo if a landmark is removed. The landmark influence is visualized using disk glyphs around landmarks. A region-of-interest filter can be used to inspect influence on local regions. Distance maps and animations visualize how the shape will change. A user study was performed to evaluate the visualization. No correlation was found between segmentation accuracy and the visualization. Similarly, no correlation was found between the time required for segmentation and the visualization. Nevertheless, a questionnaire revealed that users found the disk glyphs and animations useful in their segmentation workflow.
The self-similar solution for draining in the thin film equation

We investigate self-similar solutions of the thin film equation in the case of zero contact angle boundary conditions on a finite domain. We prove existence and uniqueness of such a solution and determine the asymptotic behaviour as the exponent in the equation approaches the critical value at which zero contact angle boundary conditions become untenable. Numerical and power-series solutions are also presented.
MODWT Based Time Scale Decomposition Analysis of BSE and NSE Indexes Financial Time Series

In this paper, wavelet based concepts have been employed to study two ‘strongly correlated’ financial time series of BSE and NSE indexes using index data from April 1990 to March 2006 by decomposing index based financial time series into time-scale components using the MODWT (Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform) analysis. The results have clearly established that MODWT based time scale decomposition analysis gives better results than the Fourier transform based spectral analysis of BSE and NSE indexes financial time series. Mathematics Subject Classification: 42C40, 37M10
Urbanization, Urban Environment and Land Use: Challenges and Opportunities An Issue Paper

Urbanization has been the dominant demographic trend, not only in the Asia-Pacific region, but also in the entire world, during the last half century. With the high pace of social and economic development in Asia and the resulting growth of city and town population, lack of infrastructure, congested traffic, environmental degradation and a housing shortage became the major issues faced by cities and towns in their sustainable development.
Relations between NDVI and tree productivity in the central Great Plains

Remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a good measure of photosynthetic activity at landscape scales, and can be used to estimate productivity. Our research demonstrates strong relations between NDVI and ground-based measurements of productivity for forest trees in the central Great Plains. Standardized tree ring width, diameter increase and seed production all are strongly correlated with integrated NDVI of the same growing season. Tree height growth for a given year corresponds with integrated NDVI of the previous year, i.e. a one-year lag. Variation in foliage production, as measured by litterfall, generally corresponds with variation in NDVI, but not as distinctly as do other tree productivity measures. Although foliage production is best correlated with NDVI integrated over the entire growing season, most tree productivity measurements are best correlated with NDVI integrated over the early growing season. All tree productivity measures, except foliage production, are better related to NDVI averaged over an intermediate spatial scale (7×7 pixels, ∼50 km2), rather than just local NDVI (1 pixel, 1.2 km2). Overall, NDVI is an excellent predictor of annual tree productivity.
Body Performance Analysis in Interactive Art Based on Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s Views

Maurice Merleau-Ponty is a famous phenomenologist of the twentieth century. Being influenced by Husserl, Merleau-Ponty paid attention to sensory perception and the body topic by rejecting empirical and rational philosophical theories. Merleau-Ponty's philosophy is around the subject that perception is a physical phenomenon, not a mental event. New artistic media provide an opportunity for audience engagement and experience, and since the experience is always body dependent, body is considered an integral part of the modern media. The purpose of this research is to understand the interaction of audience regarding interactive art effects, relying on Merleau-Ponty's views. The main research question: What are the commonalities of Merleau-Ponty's body performance theory in the process of perceiving artwork and interactive art elements? This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytic in terms of nature with an adaptive approach and library research is used for information collecting. The research results showed that comparing Merleau-Ponty's views and the interactive art elements, there are commonalities such as sensory perception, audience acting, globalism (Gestalt), interconnectedness and pre-reflective perception. Based on these common features, the new art media, including interactive art, can be analyzed.
Effect of Polyphosphoric Acid on Aging Characteristics of PG 64-22 Asphalt Binder

This research presents the results on an experimental investigation to identify the effect of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) on aging characteristics of an asphalt binder. Addition of PPA to asphalt binders is said to improve performance of flexible pavements. Asphalt binder PG 64-22 in modified and unmodified conditions was subjected to aging in the laboratory using a regular oven and also simulated short term aging using rolling thin film oven (RTFO) test. Aging experiments were conducted to analyze the extent of oxidation in terms of changes in molecular structure of the asphalt binder. These changes were appraised using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and epifluorescence microscopy tests. FTIR was used to determine the changes in major bands with addition of PPA. Stiffness and viscoelastic behaviors of asphalts were determined from the DSR test. The stiffness is measured by calculating the shear modulus, G* and the viscoelastic behavior is measured by calculating the phase angle, sin δ. Epifluorescence microscopy is a tool used to study properties of organic or inorganic substances. The morphological characteristics of PPA modified asphalt samples were observed through epifluorescence microscopy. Epifluorescence microscopy reveals the polymer phase distribution in the asphalt binders. Results of this investigation show PPA addition to asphalt binders improve G*/sin δ characteristics of asphalt binders. In addition, presence of PPA in polymer containing asphalt did not adversely affect aging of the binders.
The Indonesian vowels as pronounced and perceived by Toba Batak, Sundanese and Javanese speakers

The primary aim of this study is to give a description of the vowel systems of speakers of Indonesian of different regional backgrounds. Secondly, we will compare our data with two different vowel typologies. The Indonesian vowel system comprises 6 vowel phonemes (disregard ing diphthongs), viz. /i, e, a, o, u/ and a central vowel. The central vowel is taken by Trubetzkoy to be a closed central vowel (cf. Trubetzkoy 1929:49). According to others, it is a mid vowel (cf. Halim 1974:169; Stokhof 1975:269). Grammars of the Indonesian language usually give a rather impressionistic description of the vowel system of that language. Teeuw (1978), for instance, relates the pronunciation of the Indonesian vowels to the Dutch vowels: Indonesian a is roughly speaking pro nounced somewhere between Dutch aa in maat and Dutch a in mat; i is
The filter loading effect by ambient aerosols in filter absorption photometers depends on the mixing state of the sampled particles

[1] Research and Development Department, Aerosol d.o. o. , Ljubljana, Slovenia [2] Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia 10 [3] Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia [4] Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland [5] Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France [6 ]Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (CNRS-CEA-UVSQ), CEA Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 15 [7] Energy Environment and Water Research Center,The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus [8] Desert Research Institute, Nevada System of Higher Education, Reno, USA [9] MTA-SZTE Research Group on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary [#] now at: Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, School of Engineering and Architecture, 20 Bioenergy Research, Horw, Switzerland [$] now at: Air Lorraine, Metz, France [+] now at: Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA [%] now at: College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 25