Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Complication Rates for Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion (ACDF)

Background: There are multiple complications reported for anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF), one of the most common cervical spine operations performed in the US (e.g. estimated at 137,000 ACDF/year). Methods: Multiple studies analyzed the risks and complications rates attributed to ACDF. Results: In multiple studies, overall morbidity rates for ACDF varied from 13.2% to 19.3%. These included in descending order; dysphagia (1.7%-9.5%), postoperative hematoma (0.4%-5.6% (surgery required in 2.4% of 5.6%), with epidural hematoma 0.9%), exacerbation of myelopathy (0.2%-3.3%), symptomatic recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (0.9%-3.1%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (0.5%-1.7%), wound infection (0.1-0.9%-1.6%), increased radiculopathy (1.3%), Horner’s syndrome (0.06%-1.1%), respiratory insufficiency (1.1%), esophageal perforation (0.3%-0.9%, with a mortality rate of 0.1%), and instrument failure (0.1%-0.9%). There were just single case reports of an internal jugular veing occlusion and a phrenic nerve injury. Pseudarthrosis occurred in ACDF and was dependant on the number of levels fused; 0-4.3% (1-level), 24% (2-level), 42% (3 level) to 56% (4 levels). The reoperation rate for symptomatic pseudarthrosis was 11.1%. Readmission rates for ACDF ranged from 5.1% (30 days) to 7.7% (90 days postoperatively). Conclusions: Complications attributed to ACDF included; dysphagia, hematoma, worsening myelopathy, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, CSF leaks, wound infection, radiculopathy, Horner’s Syndrome, respiratory insufficiency, esophageal perforation, and instrument failure. There were just single case reports of an internal jugular vein thrombosis, and a phrenic nerve injury. As anticipated, pseudarthrosis rates increased with the number of ACDF levels, ranging from 0-4.3% for 1 level up to 56% for 4 level fusions.
Nurse Family Member Perceptions of Patient Death and Nursing Care after Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment

Purpose/Aims: This pilot study explored nurse family member perceptions of nursing care and patient quality of death and dying during and after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment within Intensive Care Units (ICU). Rationale: Past research that examined physician, nurse, and family member experiences of End-of-Life (EOL) care within the ICU found significant differences between the three groups. Background: Approximately 500,000 people die within an ICU each year in the United States. End-of-Life and Palliative Care programs focused primarily on physician interventions to improve quality of EOL care have had little impact on family member perceptions of quality of care or patient death, with nurses rating quality lower than family or physicians. Methods: This descriptive study examined the perceptions of nursing care and patient quality of death and dying using the family member version of the Quality of Death and Dying (QODD) instrument and Family Satisfaction in the ICU (FS-ICU). Qualitative data related to the nurse family member experience was elicited through additional openended questions. Findings: Respondents (N=17) tended to view the quality of patient death somewhat favorably with a total QODD mean score of 60.75 (SD = 21.05) on a scale of 1-100. Results also indicated a moderate level of satisfaction with care within the ICU, with a total FS-ICU mean score of 67.75 (SD = 21.51) on a scale of 1-100. The FS-ICU care subscale total mean score was 67.82 (SD = 21.05), while the FS-ICU decision-making subscale mean score was 69.30 (SD = 23.48), indicating the highest level of satisfaction was with decision making within the ICU. Qualitative extreme positive and negative data supported total QODD, total FS-ICU, and FS-ICU subscale scores. In comparison to previous research, nurse family member satisfaction with care and perceptions of quality of patient death and dying tended to align with nurse rather than family member scores. Implications: Nurse family members perceive the quality of care and patient death and dying differently than non-nursing family members. To improve their experience of EOL care, further examination of the particular needs of nurse family members is warranted.
Candida species: the silent enemy

Candida species are known to cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients but uncommon cases have been reported in immunocompetent individuals regardless of the harmless co-existence of the fungi with the host. Recently, the incidence rate of candidiasis has increased dramatically alongside the emergence of antifungal resistance. Although conventional methods to ensure prompt diagnosis of candidiasis for effective therapy have been established, the scientific world is witnessing progress in the development of more accurate, timely and cost-effective methods that is coinciding with the molecular revolution and advanced DNA analysis. Moreover, the challenges of resistance of Candida to available antifungal agents are being met with the deployment of molecular techniques to investigate the mechanisms of resistance. This review is an attempt to provide up-to-date information on the persistent problems of Candida with highlights on the clinical importance, molecular diagnosis, and resistance to candidate antifungal drugs; azoles and echinocandins. Keywords: Candida , resistance, molecular diagnosis, azole, echinocandin
Does Spousal Perspectives Lead Communication toward Family Planning Use? Evidence from Young Married Couples in Central India

Several studies have documented lack of spousal communication on fertility preferences is one of the factors constraining the use of family planning. Research carried out in the past suggests that the husband’s approval of and discussion about family planning are important predictors of a woman’s contraceptive use and fertility desires. This increased awareness of male role has resulted in effort to collect data on fertility attitudes and preferences from young married couples. A parallel data was collected from 418 young married couples from Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh. About four-year difference in education is found between spouses, with husband having completed an average of 6.6 years and wife 2.9 years of schooling. Wife has been married 17 years, on average and has 2 births. The findings reveal that the interspouse communication on reproductive matters is slightly higher among those couples with some level of education, in case where larger age gap between the spouses and where only wives are economically active. Further, the contraceptive use and adoption of small family norm is also high in cases where interspouse communication prevails. It may further on emphasize that among various source of information on family planning, inter-spouse communication stands out in terms of reach of the message. The findings further suggest that husband-wife communication also help in reducing unmet need for family planning. Although the desire for additional child(ren) is slightly higher among husbands in both the group (i.e. those who discussed and those who did not). Nevertheless, the desire for additional child(ren) is less among those who communicated as compared to who did not. Based on the present analysis it may be informed that in order to enhance family planning use as well as bringing down the unmet need, inter-spousal communication may be promoted as strategically. Keyward : Family Planing
GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF GERBERA MICROPLANTS INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

Effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Acaulospora scrobiculata and Glomus mosseae , to induce positive effects on acclimatization and growth of Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii ) plants, propagated in vitro, were studied under different conditions of fertilization (0, 32 and 64 mg kg-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O). Mycorrhiza colonization did not influence the surviving percentage of Gerbera plantlets during the acclimatization stage; however, it was possible to colonize the developing roots and to reduce the amount of inoculum required. Growth of plants in greenhouse was regulated by synergism between the effect of endomycorrhizal fungus type and the fertilization to soil with N, P2O5 and K2O. Effects of A. scrobiculata such as increase in length of plant, leaf area, in situ total chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of leaves and root volume were observed. On the other hand, G. mosseae only increased plant length and fresh and dry weight of leaves. The G. mosseae fungus increased the P, K, Cu and Zn content in leaves and Ca, Cu and Zn in the root system. A scrobiculata only increased P content in leaves and N in roots. Percentage of mycorrhizal colonization on roots was affected by adding N, P 2O5, and K2O to soil. The highest values were obtained with a fertilization rate of 32 mg kg-1. The number of spores of mycorrhizal fungi, was increased by adding fertilizer to soil (64 mg kg -1 of N, P2O5 and K2O).
Title Multipath routing for video delivery over bandwidth-limitednetworks

The delivery of quality video service often requires high bandwidth with low delay or cost in network transmission. Current routing protocols such as those used in the Internet are mainly based on the single-path approach (e.g., the shortest-path routing). This approach cannot meet the end-to-end bandwidth requirement when the video is streamed over bandwidth-limited networks. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose multipath routing, where the video takes multiple paths to reach its destination(s), thereby increasing the aggregate throughput. We consider both unicast (point-to-point) and multicast scenarios. For unicast, we present an efficient multipath heuristic (of complexity ( )), which achieves high bandwidth with low delay. Given a set of path lengths, we then present and prove a simple data scheduling algorithm as implemented at the server, which achieves the theoretical minimum end-to-end delay. For a network with unitcapacity links, the algorithm, when combined with disjoint-path routing, offers an exact and efficient solution to meet a bandwidth requirement with minimum delay. For multicast, we study the construction of multiple trees for layered video to satisfy the user bandwidth requirements. We propose two efficient heuristics on how such trees can be constructed so as to minimize the cost of their aggregation subject to a delay constraint.
Theoritical Study of Various Configurations of Membrane Processes for Olefins Separation

The major purpose of present study, is investigation of the ZIF-8 membrane performance for various configurations, namely; single stage, series multistage and countercurrent recycle cascade (CRC), during separation of propylene from propane and other gases. To this aim, a balck-box model was developed using Pro II software vesion 9 and its validation was carried out by comparing the simulation results with experimental data. The results of simulation validation illustrated a good agreement between theoritical results and experimental data. After simulation validation, for propylene separation, various configurations of ZIF-8 membrane process (single stage, series multistage and countercurrent recycle cascade (CRC) multistage) were compared and the best results were achieved for CRC configuration. In this work, the influence of the some significant operating parameters, namely pressure gradient, feed molar flow rate and membrane surface area on the performance of ZIF-8 membrane was studied in term of purification efficiency of propylene. In general, the simulation results showed that the ZIF-8 membrane presents acceptable performance to produce high purity propylene. It can be concluded that the propylene composition in the permeate side was decreased by membrane surface area, while the feed flow rate and pressure gradient effects were different. However, increasing of feed flow rate indicated the enhancement of propylene molar fraction in retentate side and consequently this result showed decreasing of the membrane performance.
Application of mathematical simulation and the factorial design method to the optimization of the atomization stage in the spray forming of a Cu ± 6 % Zn alloy

Process parameters optimization for the spray forming of a Cu±6% Zn alloy was developed by a combination of mathematical simulation and the factorial design method (FDM). The ®nite difference method was used for the mathematical simulation of the atomization stage and two levels FDM was applied considering the initial gas velocity, the axial distance between the atomizer and the substrate, the superheating of the melt and the melt ̄ow rate. The validation of the optimized process parameters was done by processing the Cu±Zn alloy, a highdensity deposit, as high as 98.5% of the theoretical density with a very homogeneous microstructure being produced. # 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
An ontology-based framework for formulating spatio-temporal influenza (flu) outbreaks from twitter

Peter Gorsevski, Advisor Early detection and locating of influenza outbreaks is one of the key priorities on a national level for preparedness and planning. This study presents the design and implementation of a web-based prototype software framework (Fluwitter) for pseudo real-time detection of influenza outbreaks from Twitter in space and time. Harnessing social media to track real-time influenza outbreaks can provide different perspectives in battling the spread of infectious diseases and lowering the cost of existing assessment methods. Specifically, Fluwitter follows a three-tier architecture system with a thin web client and a resourceful server environment. The server side system is composed of a PostGIS spatial database, a GeoServer instance, a web application for visualizing influenza maps and daemon applications for tweet streaming, preprocessing of data, semantic information extraction based on DBpediaSpotlight and WS4J, and geo-processing. The collected geo-tagged tweets are processed by semantic NLP techniques for detecting and extracting influenza related tweets. The synsets from the extracted influenza related tweets are tagged and ontology based semantic similarity scores produced by WUP and RES algorithms were derived for subsequent information extraction. To ensure better detection, the information extraction was calibrated by different rules produced by the semantic similarity scores. The optimized rule produced a final F-measure value of 0.72 and accuracy (ACC) value of 94.4%. The Twitter generated influenza cases were validated by weekly influenza related hospitalization records issued by ODH. The validation that was based on Pearson’s correlations suggested existence of moderate correlations for the Southeast region (r = 0.52), the
Forest and the Random Volume over Ground - Nature and Effect of 3 Possible Error Types

The potential of Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) lies in the 3-dimensional resolution of different scattering processes. This proves especially useful for the interpretation of volume scatterers such as forests - and makes physical parameter extraction possible. Due to the complex structure of forests, the interpretation of Pol-InSAR data is not straight forward, but requires the consideration of a scattering model. The Random Volume over Ground-model has frequently been employed for the forest height extraction from L-band Pol-InSAR data, and the results encourage considerations about spaceborne configurations. In this sense, it is certainly useful to benefit from an analysis of possible error types and error sources. This article addresses different error types and discusses their impact on the model-based height estimation.
The effects of a competitive exclusion product and two probiotics on Salmonella colonization and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens

Abstract Competitive exclusion (CE) cultures, given as a single dose on the day of hatch, together with good hygienic practices has been shown to be a novel approach to control Salmonella in poultry. The ability of the CE product Broilact and 2 probiotics, FloraMax-B11 and Colostrum, to prevent Salmonella colonization in newly hatched chickens was evaluated employing a slightly modified Mead-model chicken assay. In a parallel study the effect of the 3 treatments on the production of volatile fatty acids in the ceca were determined. In the Salmonella study 2 separate experiments were done. In the first experiment all 3 treatment materials were given as a single dose on d 1. In the second experiment, which consisted only of Broilact and FloraMax-B11, the latter was given in the drinking water during the 3 first d after hatch. In both experiments the chicks were challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis on d 2. The results of the present study show that Broilact was superior to the 2 other treatment materials in protecting the newly hatched chickens against Salmonella colonization. The parallel study showed only minor differences among the different treatments. Based on the results of the Salmonella challenge study, it was concluded that Broilact was the only treatment material that was established in the gut of the newly hatched chickens in such a way that the colonization of Salmonella was prohibited.
In-Situ Conjugation - Tailored Nanoparticle-Conjugates by Laser Ablation in Liquids

The generation and characterisation of nanoparticulate carrier systems is important for drug delivery, biosensing and in vivo or in vitro diagnostics. Conventionally, nanoparticle generation is based on chemical synthesis methods requiring time intensive reaction and additive design for each material. Successive purification and surface functionalisation is often required after the nanoparticle generation to achieve pure nanoparticle-conjugates. Ultra short pulsed laser ablation in liquids has evolved as a powerful tool for nanoparticle generation showing advantages in the nearly unlimited material variety and purity. We perform the ablation in solutions containing bioactive reagents, realizing an in-situ conjugation of nanoparticles. This novel method enables the generation of diverse nanoparticle conjugates, demonstrated at the example of dodecanthiol stabilized gold nanoparticles in hexane. A first bioconjugation with oligonucleotides was carried out additionally. We studied the influence on productivity of nanoparticle generation and evaluated the integrity of biomolecules after laser ablation. A quenching of nanoparticle growth and narrowing of the surface plasmon resonance, which both increases in media with higher conjugative agent concentrations is observed. Since laser generated gold nanoparticles show electron accepting properties due to a partial oxidation, the presented in-situ conjugations can be exploited to other application, e.g. the coupling to polymeric matrices, as far as the conjunctive molecules bear electron donor moieties.
Some economic indicators of the organic plant production

In this paper authors analyze certain economic indicators of the organic plant production. Economic indicators of organic production can be observed at the macroeconomic level, which includes determinants such as: socio-economic conditions for engaging in this business, agricultural policy of the state (especially its willingness to support this production), financing conditions (possibility of obtaining soft loans), state of the market (supply, demand and prices, export opportunities); level of organization (associations, cooperatives, clusters). At the microeconomic level, the determinants that can be distinguished are: the size and level of utilization of production factors, the structure of production, efficiency, productivity and profitability of production, the type of farm (crop production, livestock production, combined); regional specificity (lowland, highland farms), and so on. Using a comparative analysis of organic and conventional production authors come to a conclusion on the economic feasibility of organic plant production.
A FREE-WAKE AERODYNAMIC MODEL FOR HELICOPTER ROTORS

The accurate computation of the induced velocity on helicopter rotor plane is a prerequisite for the precise evaluation of the angle of attack distribution along the rotor blades, which leads to improved air loads prediction for aerodynamics and aeroacustics design and performance analysis. The Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) provides a transparent investigation concerning the role of various physical parameters which influence the aerodynamic problem of rotor downwash calculation. This paper presents a method for the calculation of the nonuniform induced downwash of a helicopter rotor using the vortex ring model for a thin lifting surface coupled with a free-wake model. During the last few years, considerable research effort has been made with respect to the various aspects of rotors. In terms of modeling, there is no doubt that significant progress has been achieved during the last ten years. This progress was mainly based on the existing experience of other engineering fields. As regards the design of helicopter rotors a number of methods for structural, aerodynamic an aeroacoustic analysis used in aeronautical engineering have been applied. However, in many cases only simply models were used. This is true especially as far as Complete Design Tools are concerned. Of course, in order to devise a flexible and practical design tool, simple models constitute to some extent an obligatory choice. However, the choice of simple models means that only approximate results can be obtained. Therefore we need to determine their limitations. On the other hand during the last few years, within the numerous activities, a number of more elaborate models has been developed. In most cases the corresponding work was related to the analysis of only one aspect of the whole design problem of rotor (e.g. advanced aerodynamic models were applied to rigid rotors and for steady inflow conditions). Though we cannot expect that the advanced models will be applied to practical design problems at least in the near future, we can use them in order to validate and improve the simple models. The collection of the a fore mentioned problems defines the setting of a complete design tool summarized in the following diagram.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievements in Males and Females in Egyptian Context

The present study examines the relationship among emotional intelligence, achievement, and gender. The sample consists of 121 participants at a public university in North Upper Egypt called Minia University. The Wong & Law’s (2002) emotional intelligence scale has been used in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis has been adopted to verify the structure validity of the EI scale. Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four-factor model fits well and its results meet the criteria for goodness of fit indices (> 0.90) and root mean score residual (< 0.05). Cronbach Alpha indicated high reliability of the scale. Positive correlation was found between academic achievement and self emotional appraisal, regulation of emotion, use of emotions, and total emotional intelligence score. There was no significant difference between males and females in emotional intelligence in the total score of EI scale and its subscales. Only two dimensions (regulation of emotions & self emotions appraisal) predicted academic achievement.