Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gauge fields and superconductivity in three-dimensional spacetime

The analogy between the BCS theory of superconductivity and chiral symmetry breaking in QCD is reviewed and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model is introduced as a paradigm for both these phenomena. In Part I, the properties of quantum electrodynamics in (2+l)-dimensional spacetime (QEDs) are investigated in detail. After describing the symmetry structure of the theory, the finite-temperature photon propagator is calculated at leading order in the large-N expansion and the effective attraction between static test charges is derived. The bound-state spectrum of the theory is discussed and the dynamical generation of a fermion mass is investigated analytically. The analysis of QED3 concludes with an approximate treatment of the symmetry restoration transition, including a numerical solution of the the finite-temperature gap equation. Part II begins with a brief review of the phenomenology of the quasi-planar highTc superconductors La2Cu04 and Yl^CuOe. The two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet is introduced as a microscopic description of these materials and the nonlinear cr-model is derived as a long-wavelength limit in the undoped case. Following Shankar, the dynamics of holes in the antiferromagnet is modelled by coupling two species of Grassmann fields to the cr-model action. The longwavelength limit of this system is found to be a 'pseudo-relativistic' quantum field theory of Dirac ferinions interacting with an abelian gauge field. The results of Part I are applied to demonstrate the dynamical generation of a fermion mass, which corresponds to the opening of a superconducting gap in the 'quasi-hole' spectrum. The long-wavelength theory exhibits type-II superconductivity without parity or time-reversal symmetry violation, flux quantization with quantum hc/2e and a two-dimensional Meissner effect. The possible relevance of this model to high-Tc superconductivity is discussed and avenues for future investigation are suggested.
1 + SUCCESS FACTORS FOR MANAGING INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES IN CHINA : A REVIEW AND AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK

International joint ventures (IJV) are an important organizational mode for expanding and sustaining global business and have been of special relevance for the emerging Chinese market for decades. While IJVs offer specific economic advantages they also present serious management problems that lead to high failure rates, especially in developing countries. Because of the strategic relevance of IJVs and corresponding management challenges, research on success factors for managing IJVs in China has received broad attention, resulting in a variety of studies. However, there are no conceptual syntheses of the literature to date and further development in the field is hampered by both a lack of consolidation of what is known and identification of viable avenues for future research. We address this gap by building on existing concepts in the field, developing them further and synthesizing them into an integrative, theory-based framework of IJV success factors. We use this framework to systematically depict the results of both empirical studies related to Sino-foreign IJVs and to IJVs in general. Finally, we draw important implications from the research and propose potential paths for future study.
The scale illusion detection task: Objective assessment of binaural fusion in normal-hearing listeners

The normal auditory system can fuse sounds from both ears into a single sound object (binaural fusion). This ability can be assessed subjectively by asking whether listeners perceive one or two sounds or by the scale illusion percept described by Deutsch (1975). The aim of the current study is to develop an objective task to measure binaural fusion. Twelve normal-hearing participants had to detect one deviant note within a stream composed of a repeating melody while simultaneously being presented with another stream of randomized notes. The experiment included 3 conditions. First, in a monaural condition both streams were presented to the same ear. Then, in a binaural condition every second note from each of the two streams was presented to the other ear. Finally, in a binaural control condition, the timbre of all the notes presented to one ear was altered severely, to prevent binaural fusion. The expected result was a better detection of deviant notes for listeners that are able to fuse streams across the two ears. Each condition had 24 repetitions. In the binaural and monaural conditions, average performance was about 80% correct, while the control condition showed a significantly lower performance of about 50%. Thus, this type of experiment can be used to test objectively if fusion takes place. It lays the foundation for further studies with bilateral and bimodal cochlear implant listeners.
Homogeneity for open partitions of pairs of reals

We prove a partition theorem for analytic sets of reals, namely, if A ⊆ R is analytic and [A] 2 = K 0 ∪ K 1 with K 0 relatively open, then either there is a perfect 0-homogeneous subset or A is a countable union of 1-homogeneous subsets. We also show that such a partition property for coanalytic sets is the same as that each uncountable coanalytic set contains a perfect subset. A two person game for this partition property is also studied. There are some applications of such partition properties
Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Five Promised Walnut Genotypes in Karaj, Iran

Late spring frost is one of the most important factors causing loss of production of the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). Therefore, the selection of spring frost tolerant genotypes has been among the most important priorities in the breeding programs during the recent years in Horticultural Science Research Institute, Karaj-Iran. After the spring frost in 2010, five superior genotypes (B10, H1/1, H1/7, H2/1, and H2/12) were selected among 250 walnut genotypes of Kamalshar walnut collection in Karaj. At the second stage, vegetative and reproductive characteristics (Leafing and flowering date, yield, nut and kernel) of the selected genotypes were evaluated and compared with Chandler, Hartley, Pedro, Ronde de Montignac and Franquette in 2010 and 2011. Among the genotypes, H2/12 with 534 and 312g/m2 of scaffold cross area of nut and kernel yield showed the maximum production. The H2/1 with 3.37 nut/ cm2 of trunk cross sectional area and H2/12 with 48.1 nut/m2 of scaffold cross area showed the highest crop density. Based on this evaluation, the five promised walnut genotypes showed very good performance in comparison with the commercial walnut cultivars.
Does Belgian Holocene speleothem records solar forcing and cold events

Abstract. We present a decadal-centennial scale Holocene climate record based on trace elements contents from a 65 cm stalagmite ( Pere Noel ) from Belgian Pere Noel cave. Pere Noel (PN) stalagmite covers the last 12.7 ka according to U/Th dating. High spatial resolution measurements of trace elements (Sr, Ba, Mg and Al) were done by Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Trace elements profiles were interpreted as environmental and climate changes in the Han-sur-Lesse region. Power spectrum estimators and continuous wavelet transform were applied on trace elements time series to detect any statistically signiﬁcant periodicities in the PN stalagmite. Spectral analyses reveal decadal to millennial periodicities (i.e., 68–75, 133–136, 198–209, 291–358, 404–602, 912–1029 and 2365–2670 yr) in the speleothem record. Results were compared to reconstructed sunspot number data to determine whether solar signal is presents in PN speleothem. The occurrence of signiﬁcant solar periodicities (i.e., cycles of Gleissberg, de Vries, unnamed 500 years, Eddy and Hallstat) supports for an impact of solar forcing on PN speleothem trace elements contents. Moreover, several intervals of significant rapid climate change were detected during the Holocene at 10.3, 9.3–9.5, around 8.2, 6.4–6.2, 4.7–4.5, and around 2.7 ka BP. Those intervals are similar to the cold events evidenced in different natural paleoclimate archivers, suggesting common climate forcing mechanisms related to changes in solar irradiance.
Frontal circulation and submesoscale variability during the formation of a Southern Ocean mesoscale eddy

Observations made in the Scotia Sea during the May 2015 Surface Mixed Layer Evolution at Submesoscales (SMILES) research cruise captured submesoscale, O(1–10) km, variability along the periphery of a mesoscale O(10–100) km meander precisely as it separated from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and formed a cyclonic eddy ~120 km in diameter. The meander developed in the Scotia Sea, an eddy-rich region east of the Drake Passage where the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts converge and modifications of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) occur. In situ measurements reveal a rich submesoscale structure of temperature and salinity and a loss of frontal integrity along the newly formed southern sector of the eddy. A mathematical framework is developed to estimate vertical velocity from collocated drifter and horizontal water velocity time series, under certain simplifying assumptions appropriate for the current dataset. Upwelling (downwelling) rates of O(100) m day−1 are found in the northern (southern) eddy sector. Favorable conditions for submesoscale instabilities are found in the mixed layer, particularly at the beginning of the survey in the vicinity of density fronts. Shallower mixed layer depths and increased stratification are observed later in the survey on the inner edge of the front. Evolution in temperature–salinity (T–S) space indicates modification of water mass properties in the upper 200 m over 2 days. Modifications along σθ = 27–27.2 kg m−3 have climate-related implications for mode and intermediate water transformation in the Scotia Sea on finer spatiotemporal scales than observed previously.
Measurements of Dust and Star Formation in the SMC and M 33

When measuring star formation rates using ultraviolet light, correcting for dust extinction is a critical step. However, with the variety of dust extinction curves to choose from, the extinction correction is quite uncertain. Here, we use Swift/UVOT to measure the extinction curve for starforming regions in the SMC and M33. We find that both the slope of the curve and the strength of the 2175 Å bump vary across both galaxies. In addition, as part of our modeling, we derive a detailed recent star formation history for each galaxy.
On the notion of adaptability to the environments in autonomous mechanism

The focused paradigm of communication for the distributed computing systems may be common global memory and message passing. We think of the common memory space as a field for reflecting the work space for control objects. We intend to examine the coordination mechanism based on this idea for applying to the basic functional model for the control systems. We observed the behavior of autonomous and collaborative mechanism built in the applications. And we evaluated the communication cost between a coordination member and the control object.
Workshops for the 21 st Century: Exploring the Role of Environments in Personal Fabrication Processes

Growing interest in personal fabrication has resulted in many ways to ideate, design, and prototype, in addition to studies of who a maker is and the challenges they face. Less a tt ention, however, has focused on the role of the environment in fabrication processes. By understanding how interactions with tools, fi xtures, materials, and spaces shape work fl ows, we can be tt er determine how to design the next generation of workshops, design tools, and fabrication equipment to support personal fabrication activities. To build this understanding, site visits and interviews at local makerspaces, fabrication studios, and workshops were conducted. Th ese visits uncovered the rich practices and roadblocks generated by workshops today. Th e observations identi fi ed the importance of spatial layouts, territoriality and occupant agency, distributed knowledge, and organizational fl ux, among others, to design and fabrication processes. Th ese observations were further synthesized into one possible direction for such spaces: hybrid workshops (i.e., environments that can leverage computation and responsive architecture to enhance a maker’s ability to design and fabricate). Th is work identi fi es how such spaces could harness the rich practices and eliminate the challenges found with workshops today and discusses the technical innovations and philosophical questions that hybrid workshops will pose to the future of personal fabrication.
Evaluating participation in water resource management: A review

Key documents such as the European Water Framework Directive and the U.S. Clean Water Act state that public and stakeholder participation in water resource management is required. Participation aims to enhance resource management and involve individuals and groups in a democratic way. Evaluation of participatory programs and projects is necessary to assess whether these objectives are being achieved and to identify how participatory programs and projects can be improved. The different methods of evaluation can be classified into three groups: (i) process evaluation assesses the quality of participation process, for example, whether it is legitimate and promotes equal power between participants, (ii) intermediary outcome evaluation assesses the achievement of mainly nontangible outcomes, such as trust and communication, as well as short‐ to medium‐term tangible outcomes, such as agreements and institutional change, and (iii) resource management outcome evaluation assesses the achievement of changes in resource management, such as water quality improvements. Process evaluation forms a major component of the literature but can rarely indicate whether a participation program improves water resource management. Resource management outcome evaluation is challenging because resource changes often emerge beyond the typical period covered by the evaluation and because changes cannot always be clearly related to participation activities. Intermediary outcome evaluation has been given less attention than process evaluation but can identify some real achievements and side benefits that emerge through participation. This review suggests that intermediary outcome evaluation should play a more important role in evaluating participation in water resource management.
Comparative Assessment the Effect of Self-care Behavior Education by Health Care Provider and Peer on HbA1c Level in Diabetic Patients

Introduction: Providing education on self-care for patients is the basis and foundation of diabetes treatment. The impact of different educational methods differs. This study aimed to determine the effect of education on self-care behaviors provided by health care providers and peers on HbA1c levels in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 120 patients referring to the diabetes center in Bandar Abbas. For education participants were assigned to three groups; study tools included a questionnaire for demographic variables, and spectrophotometer to assess HbA1c levels. Data were collected at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. In the 3 groups, self care education was provided by: 1. health care provider (nurse) 2. by peers in the field of diabetes, whereas those in the control group received the education, provided by usual programs of the diabetes center. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS V.18 with descriptive and analytic statistics tests. Results: Before the intervention, three groups were matched based on HbA1c levels (p=0.29). However, after the intervention, the HbA1c levels decreased significantly in the health care provider group, compared to the other two groups (p=0.04). Conclusion: According to the results, education on self-care behavior by the health care provider is an effective method for control of diabetes and its complications. Extending the availability of this education to health care service would control the disease.
A forecast-driven tactical planning model for a serial manufacturing system

We examine tactical planning for a serial manufacturing system that produces a product family with many process steps and low volumes. The system is subject to uncertainty in demand, in the supply of raw materials, and in yield at specific process steps. A multi-period forecast gets updated each period, and demand uncertainty is realised in terms of forecast errors. The objective of the system is to satisfy demand at a high service level with minimal operating costs. The primary means for handling the system uncertainty are inventory and production flexibility: each process step can work overtime. We model the trade-offs associated with these tactics, by building a dynamic programming model that allows us to optimise the placement of decoupling buffers across the line, as well as to determine the optimal policies for production smoothing and inventory replenishment. We test the model using both data from a real factory as well as hypothetical data. We find that the model results confirm our intuition as to how these tactics address the trade-offs; based on these tests, we develop a set of managerial insights on the application of these operating tactics. Moreover, we validate the model by comparing its outputs to that from a detailed factory simulation.
A Primal Dual Algorithm On 2-Steiner Graphs

The Steiner Tree Problem is a fundamental network design problem, where the goal is to connect a subset of terminals of a given network at minimum cost. A major open question regarding this problem, is proving that the integrality gap of a certain linear program relaxation, called the bidirected cut relaxation (BCR), is strictly smaller than 2. In this thesis, we prove that (BCR) has integrality gap at most 5 3 for a subset of instances, which we call 2-Steiner instances, via a primal-dual method.
Experimenting natural-language dictation with a 20000-word speech recognizer

The authors describe a newly developed real-time large-vocabulary speech recognizer for the Italian language and some preliminary experiments on its usage. Some of these experiments are aimed at evaluating voice versus keyboard as a means for entry and editing of texts. The experiments made use of a dictating-machine prototype for the Italian language, which recognizes in real time natural-language sentences built from a 20000-word vocabulary. A voice-activated editor was developed to allow the user to create, revise, file, and print documents. It is found that large-vocabulary speech recognition can offer a very competitive alternative to traditional text entry. It is likely to be well accepted even by users who have a large experience in keyboard text editing. The study has already suggested possible improvements to the man-machine interface of the current speech recognizer. <<ETX>>
Comparing Spatial Interaction Modalities for 2 D-Widgets in Productivity Applications in Virtual Reality

Virtual reality applications often rely on standard 2D widgets such as buttons and sliders, but each application presents them differently. We identify a two-axis design space for 2D widgets in VR: the widget placement can be world-, view-, or hand-stabilized, and the input mechanism can be mouse, raycast, touch, or gaze. We also include a table-stabilized placement which puts widgets in the 2D plane of the user’s physical desk, enabling passive-haptic feedback via touch input. We conduct a study with six representative modalities: table touch, hand touch, world raycast, world touch, world mouse, and world gaze. Results for button selection and slider manipulation show that hand touch, table touch, and world raycast are most successful, while users prefer table touch and hand touch. A subsequent qualitative pilot study of digital artists using table touch and hand touch for 2D drawing finds that table touch is perceived as more precise, but user preference varies with ergonomic factors.
The Emergent Gen Y Workforce: Implications for Labour Nationalization Policies in the UAE and Saudi Arabia

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) implement labour nationalization policies to regulate workforce localization. The sustainability of these policies is complicated by an emergent large Generation Y (Gen Y) demographic group and low participation by nationals in expatriate dominated labour markets. The countries’ continued economic growth depends on companies’ abilities to understand recruitment and retention issues specific to their young citizens. This study compared the life priorities and work motivators of Emirati and Saudi Gen Y. It adapted the Schwartz Value Inventory to measure the importance of four life dimensions and Twenge et al.’s (2010) model to measure the importance of work preferences on five motivational dimensions. The study sampled UAE and Saudi nationals born 1980-1990 (Gen Y). The findings showed a symmetrical prioritization of life priorities by Emiratis and Saudi respondents but with differences in work preferences as Emiratis were most motivated by extrinsic work motivators while Saudis placed greatest importance on intrinsic work motivators. The paper concluded with recommendations for effective recruitment and retention of young nationals that can help companies manage this generation and contribute to scarce existing human resource management research in the Arabian Gulf region.
Speciation of Population in Neuroevolutionary Ship Handling

This paper presents the idea of using machine learning techniques to simulate and demonstrate learning behavior in ship maneuvering. Simulated helmsman is treated as an individual in population, which through environmental sensing learns itself to navigate through restricted waters selecting an optimum trajectory. Learning phase of the task is to observe current situation and choose one of the available actions. The individual improves his fitness function with reaching destination and decreases its value for hitting an obstacle. Neuroevolutionary approach is used to solve this task. Speciation of population is proposed as a method to secure innovative solutions.
Retalis Language for Information Engineering in Autonomous Robot Software

Robotic information engineering is the processing and management of data to create knowledge of the robot’s environment. It is an essential robotic technique to apply AI methods such as situation awareness, task-level planning and knowledge-intensive task execution. Consequently, information engineering has been identified as a major challenge to make robotic systems more responsive to real-world situations. The Retalis language integrates ELE and SLR, two logic-based languages. Retalis is used to develop information engineering components of autonomous robots. In such a component, ELE is used for temporal and logical reasoning, and data transformation in flows of data. SLR is used to implement a knowledge base maintaining a history of events. SLR supports state-based representation of knowledge built upon discrete sensory data, management of sensory data in active memories and synchronization of queries over asynchronous sensory data. In this paper, we introduce eight requirements for robotic information engineering, and we show how Retalis unifies and advances the state-of-the-art research on robotic information engineering. Moreover, we evaluate the eciency of