Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of milk composition on spray-dried high-fat milk powders and their use in chocolate

High-fat and skim-milk powders were produced under constant processing conditions from Spring and Autumn herd milks. The influence of the seasonal variation in protein and solid-fat contents at 10 o C of these milks on some properties of the milk powders was determined. The free-fat content and the median particle size of high-fat milk powders were significantly ( P< 0.05) affected by the protein content and solid-fat content of the milk. There was a curvilinear relationship between the median powder particle size and solid-fat content at 10 o C of the milks. Milk composition did not significantly affect the properties of the skim-milk powders studied. The results showed that it is pos- sible to predict the free-fat content of high-fat milk powders from the protein and solid-fat content of the milks used. Relationships between the spray-dried high-fat milk powder properties and the rheol- ogy of milk chocolate at the end of conching and its final hardness were then determined. Eleven spray-dried high-fat milk powders were blended with skim-milk powders to give a 26% fat ingredient for chocolate manufacture. The Casson viscosity (Pas) of the chocolate at 40 o C at the end of conching decreased as the free-fat content increased ( P< 0.01) and as the powder median particle size in- creased (P < 0.05). The Casson yield value (Pa) at 40 o C at the end of conching decreased (P < 0.01) as the solid fat content at 10 o C increased. The hardness of the tempered milk chocolate was significantly reduced as the free-fat content increased (P < 0.05) and as the particle size increased (P < 0.05). It was concluded that spray-dried high-fat milk powders with different properties can be used to make choc- olates with a range of viscosities and yield values for different end uses. Milk composition / milk powder composition / chocolate rheology
The response of turkeys to diets containing fat differing in degree of oxidation.

A 16-week experiment was conducted on 224 three-day-old BUT-9 turkey chickens randomly assigned to 4 groups, each with 4 replicates; each group comprised 7 toms and 7 hens. In successive 4-week periods the basic ration was supplemented with 2 to 5% of a mixture of rape seed oil and poultry fat (66:34) differing in peroxide value in groups I-IV <5, 50, 100 and 150 mEq 0 2/kg, respectively. The addition of oxidized fat had a negative effect on the growth rate of turkeys, causing significant (PO.01) differences in the body weight of the birds at ages 12 and 16 weeks. At end of the experiment the birds in the control group (I) were an average 1.07 kg heavier than those in groups II-IV; these differences were considerably greater in torn turkeys and averaged 1.7 kg. The lower weight gain in the experimental birds was caused by the approximately 10% smaller consumption of feed than in the control group. Increasing the peroxide value of added fat from 50 mEq 0 2/kg (group II) to 100 or 150 mEq 0 2/kg (groups I I I and IV) did not further reduce body weight. The degree of fat oxidation did not distinctly affect mortality, feed consumption, or slaughter value of the turkeys. The addition of oxidized fat significantly lowered serum and hepatic vitamin E levels and, to a smaller extent, also the vitamin A content in the liver.
A Case of Genital Erosion Associated with Cutaneous Pseudomonas putida Infection and Review of the Literature

Erosive genital lesions are mainly associated with infectious factors, which are subdivided into two groups, including sexually transmitted infections and non-sexually transmitted infections. Although sexually transmitted infections well investigated in the literature, non-sexually transmitted infections associated with genital erosive lesions have not been identified clearly. Here we presented a case of genital erosion associated with cutaneous Pseudomonas putida infection. In literature cutaneous manifestations and clinical spectrum of cutaneous P. putida infection has not been well discussed. In addition to this, all previous case reports were complicated skin infections, which result in soft tissue infection. Here we summarized cutaneous manifestation of P. putida infection and represent a rare etiological factor for erosive genital lesions.
Multinational Banks' Deleveraging in the Crisis Driven by Pre-Crisis Characteristics and Behavior

After the collapse of Lehman Brothers, a rapid and far-reaching shrinkage of international banks' assets with a focus on foreign claims took place. For the largest 67 German banking groups, we find that both their characteristics and behavior in the pre-crisis episode had repercussions for the crisis period. Above all, prior non-traditional banking activities - proxied by the relevance of securities and noninterest income - resulted in balance sheet contraction in the crisis. While, from 2002 to mid-2008, a disproportionately high growth rate in profits to assets is found to be indicative of too much risk taking, both high average income and a strong balance sheet expansion in the pre-crisis period are found to be positive per se. In contrast, a high average income or a strong growth in assets in just the last three and a half years before the outbreak of the crisis put balance sheets during the crisis under adjustment pressure. During the crisis, short-term wholesale funding proved to be a disadvantage, while good capital endowment (core Tier 1 capital to RWA ratio), deposit funding and strong affiliate presence abroad had a stabilizing impact. Most of these variables lose their significance in normal times.
Seaweed invasions: conclusions and future directions

Abstract In the introduction of this special issue of Botanica Marina, we established the scope of this topic around a series of questions, which also provided a framework for integrating the different contributions and a means of highlighting deficiencies in knowledge and understanding (Johnson and Chapman 2007). In defining challenges for the future and suggesting how those challenges might best be tackled to optimize returns on research investment, it is useful to revisit those questions under four main headings dealing with species introductions per se, the invasion process, consequences of invasions and human responses to the threat and occurrence of invasion.
Numerical study of the optical nonlinearity of doped and gapped graphene: From weak to strong field excitation

Numerically solving the semiconductor Bloch equations within a phenomenological relaxation time approximation, we extract both the linear and nonlinear optical conductivities of doped graphene and gapped graphene under excitation by a laser pulse. We discuss in detail the dependence of second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation, and the Kerr effects on the doping level, the gap, and the electric field amplitude. The numerical results for weak electric fields agree with those calculated from available analytic perturbation formulas. For strong electric fields when saturation effects are important, all the effective third order nonlinear response coefficients show a strong field dependence.
A Bond Valence-Based Force Field: A Multi-Body Approach

A Bond Valence-Based Force Field: A Multi-Body Approach Matthew H. Davis Department of Geological Sciences, BYU Master of Science The typical form for a molecular mechanics force field consists of a foundation of pairwise terms to describe bonded and non-bonded atomic interactions, with multi-body correction terms to deal with the limitations of pair-wise terms. I present here the first attempts of a molecular mechanics model that is founded on multi-body terms, which are based on the Bond Valence Model (Brown, 2002) and recent developments in the Vectorial Bond Valence Model (Bickmore et al., 2013a; Harvey et al., 2006). I calibrated these models on pressure vs. energy curves for a set of SiO2 polymorphs. The average deviation for the best-fit iteration, with only six adjustable parameters was ±1.98 kcal/mol.
Poverty Impacts of the Volume‐Based Special Safeguard Mechanism

The volume-based Special Safeguard Mechanism was proposed as essential for small, poor farmers and became the proximate cause of the collapse of the Doha Agenda negotiations in 2008. But is it helpful for these farmers, given that it is likely to be applied when farm output is depressed and many poor farmers in developing countries need to buy food? Stochastic simulations for 31 countries suggest that use of this safeguard in line with the proposed World Trade Organization rules would raise the world poverty headcount by an average of 24 million. The adverse poverty impact of the duty is larger when the quantity safeguard is triggered than it would be in other years, because lower farm output levels reduce or reverse the benefits to poor farm households from higher prices.
A green approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lithospermum officinale root extract and evaluation of their antioxidant activity

Recently, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has become an important subject in the bionanotechnology field. Many different chemical and physical methods could be used for silver nanoparticles synthesis, but they are limited due to the usage of toxic chemicals and the production of dangerous by-products. However, the usage of plant extract for silver nanoparticles synthesis is a green single-step method without using toxic chemicals. Herein, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Lithospermum officinale root aqueous extract and their antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that 1 ml of the extract could reduce 9 ml of silver ions (1 mM) to silver nanoparticles by heating the reaction mixture (60 oC) for 6 hours at pH 7.0. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were detected by UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, FT-IR, DLS, and XRD. The synthesized silver nanoparticles spectrum had a maximum peak at 390nm, and TEM analysis indicated spherical particles, higher stability (zeta potential: -15.3 mV) and an average size of 7 nm. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was 0.07 mg/ml compared to L. officinale root aqueous extract (0.142 mg/ml) which indicated higher antioxidant activity. So, it is concluded that the synthesized silver nanoparticles could be considered a clinical therapeutic potential due to its antioxidant property.
Abundance patterns and species assemblages of euphausiids associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, North Atlantic

New baseline information is presented on biogeography, abundance and distri-bution of euphausiids from discrete depth samples collected throughout the watercolumn to 3000 m at 42 locations along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) betweenIceland and the Azores. Eighteen species were recorded, with Euphausia krohni andThysanoessa longicaudata being most abundant. Eight species had not been recordedin the area previously. The Subpolar Front is a northern boundary to somesouthern species, but not a southern boundary to northern ubiquitous species thatshow submergence. Four major species assemblages were identiﬁed and character-ized in terms of spatial distribution and species composition. Numerical abun-dance was highly variable but decreased logarithmically with depth. The greatestaverage abundance and the greatest spatial variation in abundance occurred innorthern waters, over the Reykjanes Ridge. Abundance declined less with depth inthe sub-Arctic Intermediate Water/North Atlantic Current Water than in otherareas and water masses. The near bottom layer (0–200 m from the seabed) hadtypically low density of euphausiids. The MAR is generally deeper than the usualdepth distribution of euphausiids (0–300 m), but many species conduct verticalmigrations to ridge crest depths. Euphausiid distribution and abundance patternsappeared only weakly affected by the MAR.KEYWORDS: zooplankton; Euphausiacea; oceanic; deepwater; biogeography;communities; Mid-Atlantic Ridge
The Effect of Energy Price Shocks on Household Food Security

This paper examines how price shocks of energy resources including gasoline, natural gas, electricity and heating degree days affect three indicators of food insufficiency at a household level. Using the Current Population Survey-Food Security Supplement combined with energy price data from the Energy Information Administration and weather information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, we find that positive price shocks in gas and natural gas increase the probability of food insecurity and food stress while negative price shocks of heating fuels decrease the probability each indicator of food stress. The most important effects occurred with negative heating fuel price shocks in the low income and cold state-residing low income subgroups. We also consider the effectiveness of federal assistance programs in cushioning households from price or weather shocks. We find that heating and food assistance are most effective in low income households that reside in cold states.
REDEFINING EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPS FOR HIGH AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA

The low productivity in Nigeria is traceable to poor relations between employers and employees. Productivity level competes well with military might or political strength in determining worth/dignity of a nation. Besides, poor standard of living, unemployment, high crime and emigration rates, and underdevelopment, all which are markers of low productivity, are still very visible in Nigeria. The paper, purely non-empirical, traces the importance of meanings that those who are involved in production process (employers and employees) make out of their relationships and the influence on commitment and consequently, productivity. It stresses the need for a balanced consideration of negative perception, the one which will include relationship evaluation from the standpoint of the employers as well. Sociological theories such as symbolic interaction and exchange are considered relevant. The paper concludes that Nigeria still struggles with low level of productivity, which has no bearing with dearth of manpower/poor skills, but which arises from absence of trust, slavish treatment of workers, incessant conflicts, and poor orientation to work, arising from negative definitions of employers-employees’ relationships.
Impact of required storage space on storage policy performance in a unit-load warehouse

The performance of a storage policy in a warehouse is usually evaluated on the basis of the average one-way travel distance/time needed to store/retrieve a load. Dividing the storage space into zones based on item turnover frequency can reduce the travel distance. However, for a given number of stored items, a larger number of storage zones also requires more storage space, because of reduced space sharing between the items, which increases travel time. This study considers the required space consumption by storage zoning in comparing the performance of random, full turnover-based and class-based storage policies for a unit-load warehouse operated by a forklift in single-command mode. A generalised travel distance model that considers the required space consumption is developed to compare the performance of these policies. Results show that the one-way travel distance of a random policy decreases with the increase in skewness of the demand curve. By considering the required space consumption, a class-based storage policy performs generally better than a full turnover-based policy. In addition, the optimal warehouse shape factor (ratio of warehouse width to depth) appears to decrease with the skewness of the demand curve. Warehouse managers are advised to adopt a wide-shallow warehouse layout when the item demands are approximately equal, whereas a narrow-deep layout is preferred when the demand curves are steep.
IMPACT OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE ON ADJUSTMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

In this technological age the students are today facing more challenges and opportunities. To reduce their stress and improve their well-being it is very important to develop their spiritual intelligence. Spiritual Intelligence has a significant influence on the quality of life and success for senior secondary school students. According to Stephen Covey (2004) Spiritual intelligence is the central and most fundamental of all the intelligences, because it becomes the sources of guidance for the others. The present study is intended to examine the adjustment problems of school students of Faridabad district of Haryana. Adjustment is a process by which a living organism maintains a balance between the needs and the circumstances. The students, who are spiritually intelligent, will have a better adjustment with themselves as well as with others. A descriptive correlational study was conducted on 240 students selected randomly from 10 senior secondary schools located in Faridabad district of Haryana. The data were collected with the help of Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) developed by Dr. A.K. P. and Spiritual Intelligence Test developed by Prof. Roquiya Zainuddin Chairman of Education Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) Aligarh. The data collected were analysed by using statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s correlational coefficient to interpret the correlation between spiritual intelligence and adjustment of senior secondary school students. The findings of the study have shown that adjustment of senior secondary school students is significantly correlated with their spiritual intelligence. Therefore, it can be concluded that adjustment of the students is closely correlated to their spiritual intelligence.
Eddy heat fluxes from direct current measurements of the Antarctic Polar Front in Shag Rocks Passage

Determining meridional heat flux in the Southern Ocean is critical to the accurate understanding and model simulation of the global ocean. Mesoscale eddies provide a significant but poorly‐defined contribution to this transport. An eighteen‐month deep‐water current meter array deployment in Shag Rocks Passage (53°S, 48°W) between May 2003 and November 2004 provides estimates of the eddy flux of heat across the Polar Front. We calculate a statistically nonzero (99% level), vertically coherent local poleward heat flux of 12.0 ± 5.8 kW m−2 within the eddy frequency band at ∼2750 m depth. Exceeding previous deep‐water estimates by up to an order of magnitude, this highlights the large spatial variation in flux estimates and illustrates that constriction of circumpolar fronts facilitates large eddy transfers of heat southwards.
Characterization of nanometer scale wear and oxidation of transition metal dichalcogenide lubricants by atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy has been used to characterize wear and oxidation of transition metal dichalcogenide surfaces. Sequential images recorded on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and niobium diselenide (NbSe2) surfaces show that wear proceeds at defects, and that MoS2 wears at least five times more slowly than NbSe2. Images of thermally treated MoS2 and NbSe2 further demonstrate that oxidation creates surface defects on both materials. However, for similar oxidation conditions, NbSe2 surfaces show extensive degradation, while MoS2 surfaces only exhibit isolated defects. The implications of these results to understanding the tribological properties of the transition metal dichalcogenides are discussed.
Validation of the Effectiveness of Simulator Experience vs Real-World Operational Experience in the Port of Valdez.

Abstract : This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of simulator exposure and real-world observational experience in the Port of Valdez, Alaska in the learning of ship handling skills. Masters were tested on a simulated pilotage through teh Valdez Narrows at the Maritime Administration's Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) at Kings Point, New York. Performance data, measured as track deviation and percentage of time out of a prescribed tolerance band indicated equivalent performance for those masters with simulator experience or real-world observational exposure and significantly poorer performance for those masters with neither simulator nor real-world Valdez experience. (Author)
Student profile ergonomically adapted to e-learning. a data clustering and statistical analysis based survey

In the present work we carried out a study over a 4 years period in order to develop a student profile that matches computer-assisted learning. In our opinion, much of the teaching-learning effort will be reduced if the forms of education that fit each individual can be correctly identified. The ergonomics of teaching / learning comprises the correct identification of the student profile so as to connect with the right method and tools for learning. In the process of student profile identification we used the statistic analysis, association rules, and the data mining clustering techniques based on the K-means algorithm.
The e¤ect of womens rights on womens welfare: evidence from a natural experiment

Between the late 1960s and the 1990s vast changes in social norms and institutions took place in relation to womens rights. This paper explores the issue of whether womens rights have brought women higher welfare. Using individual level data on life satisfaction and focusing on the staggered timing of law changes on abortion rights in twelve European countries, I obtain an average treatment e¤ect on the treated from di¤erences-in-di¤erences. The identi cation strategy uses the fact that exposure to womens rights varied by gender, country of residence and date of birth. I show that the extension of abortion rights is strongly linked to an increase in life satisfaction of women of childbearing age. The introduction of the pill in national public policies had an analogous e¤ect, while mutual consent divorce laws decreased womens welfare. These ndings are true after controlling for age e¤ects, unobserved heterogeneity across countries and time, and country-speci c trends. It is robust to various econometric concerns.
Tutor-Assisted Intensive Learning Strategies in Kindergarten: How Much Is Enough?

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of a tutoring intervention provided by community tutors to kindergarten students at risk for reading difficulties. The 73 students were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) tutoring 4 days a week, (b) tutoring 2 days a week, or (c) a control condition that provided small-group storybook reading 2 days a week. Children were administered reading and phonemic awareness pre- and posttreatment tests. Analyses revealed that students in the 4-day condition outperformed students in either the 2-day or control conditions on 3 reading measures. Effect sizes were . 79, . 90, and . 83 on word identification, passage comprehension, and basic reading skills, respectively. Challenges and implications for managing community tutoring programs are discussed.
Some Practical Issues in Economic Surplus Measurement in Multi-Market Models

Despite continuing controversy, economic surplus has continued to be used in empirical cost-benefit analyses as a measure of welfare to producers and consumers. In this paper, the issue of measuring changes in producer and consumer surplus resulting from exogenous supply or demand shifts in multi-market models is examined using a two-input and two-output equilibrium displacement model. When markets are related through both demand and supply, significant errors are possible when using conventional economic surplus areas incorrectly as is evident in some applications in the literature.