Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social categories shape the neural representation of emotion: evidence from a visual face adaptation task

A number of recent behavioral studies have shown that emotional expressions are differently perceived depending on the race of a face, and that perception of race cues is influenced by emotional expressions. However, neural processes related to the perception of invariant cues that indicate the identity of a face (such as race) are often described to proceed independently of processes related to the perception of cues that can vary over time (such as emotion). Using a visual face adaptation paradigm, we tested whether these behavioral interactions between emotion and race also reflect interdependent neural representation of emotion and race. We compared visual emotion aftereffects when the adapting face and ambiguous test face differed in race or not. Emotion aftereffects were much smaller in different race (DR) trials than same race (SR) trials, indicating that the neural representation of a facial expression is significantly different depending on whether the emotional face is black or white. It thus seems that invariable cues such as race interact with variable face cues such as emotion not just at a response level, but also at the level of perception and neural representation.
Lessons from the analysis of TAD boundary deletions in normal population

Topologically Associating Domains (TAD)-boundaries induce spatial constraints, allowing interaction between regulatory elements and promoters only within their TAD. Their disruption could lead to disease, through gene-expression deregulation. This mechanism has been shown in only a relatively low number of diseases and a relatively low proportion of patients, raising the possibility of TAD boundary disruption without phenotypical consequence. We investigated, therefore, the occurrence of TAD boundaries disruption in the general population. Coordinates of 307,430 benign deletions from public databases were crossed with 36 Hi-C datasets. Differences in gene content and gene localization were compared in the TADs, according to the possible disruption of their boundaries by a deletion found in the general population. TADs with no deletion encompassing their boundaries (R-TAD) represented 38% of TADs. Enrichment in OMIM genes as well as in morbid genes was observed in R-TADs and genes in R-TADs were found to localize closer to the boundaries. Our results support recent publications tempering the impact of breaking TADs on gene expression with a majority of broken TADs in the general population. A subgroup of R-TAD emerges from this analysis with enrichment in disease genes and their coordinates could be used to annotate CNV from pangenomic approaches to enhance data interpretation.
Engineering of critical enzymes and pathways for improved triterpenoid biosynthesis in yeast

Triterpenoids represent a diverse group of phytochemicals, widely distributed in the plant kingdom with many biological activities. Recently, the heterologous production of triterpenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully implemented by introducing various triterpenoids biosynthetic pathways. By engineering related enzymes as well as yeast metabolism, the yield of various triterpenoids is significantly improved from milligram-scale per liter to gram-scale level per liter. This achievement demonstrates that engineering of critical enzymes is considered as a potential strategy to overcome the main hurdles of translation of these potent natural products into industry. Here, we review strategies for designing enzymes to improve the yield of triterpenoids in S. cerevisiae, which is mainly separated into three aspects: 1. elevating the supply of the precursor—2,3-oxidosqualene, 2. optimizing triterpenoid-involved reactions, 3. lowering the competition of the native sterol pathway. And then we provide challenges and prospects on further enhancing the triterpenoid production in S. cerevisiae.
Achieving high-quality ddRAD-like reference catalogs for non-model species: the power of overlapping paired-end reads

Reduced representation libraries (RRS) allow large scale studies on non-model species to be performed without the need for a reference genome, by building a pseudo-reference locus catalog directly from the data. However, using closely-related high-quality genomes can help maximize nucleotide variation identified from RRS libraries. While chromosome-level genomes remain unavailable for most species, researchers can still invest in building high-quality and project-specific de novo locus catalogs. Among methods that use restriction enzymes (RADSeq), those including fragment size selection to help obtain the desired number of loci - such as double-digest RAD (ddRAD) - are highly flexible but can present important technical issues. Inconsistent size selection reproducibility across libraries and variable coverage across fragment lengths can affect genotyping confidence, number of identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and quality and completeness of the de novo reference catalog. We have developed a strategy to optimize locus catalog building from ddRAD-like data by sequencing overlapping reads that recreate original fragments and add information about coverage per fragment size. Further in silico size selection and digestion steps limit the filtered dataset to well-covered sets of loci and identity thresholds are estimated based on sequence pairwise comparisons. We have developed a full workflow that identifies a set of reduced-representation single-copy orthologs (R2SCOs) for any given species and that includes estimating and evaluating allelic variation in comparison with SNP calling results. We also show how to use our concept in an established RADSeq pipeline - Stacks - and confirm that our approach increases average coverage and number of SNPs called per locus in the final catalog. We have demonstrated our full workflow using newly generated data from five sea turtle species and provided further proof-of-principle using published hybrid sea turtle and primate datasets. Finally, we showed that a project-specific set of R2SCOs perform better than a draft genome as a reference.
People can learn new walking patterns without walking

Humans can learn many new walking patterns. People have learned to snowshoe up mountains, racewalk marathons, and march in precise synchrony. But what is required to learn a new walking pattern? Here, we demonstrate that people can learn new walking patterns without actually walking. Through a series of experiments, we observe that stepping with only one leg can facilitate learning of an entirely new walking pattern (i.e., split-belt treadmill walking). We find that the nervous system learns from the relative motion between the legs – whether or not both legs are moving – and can transfer this learning to novel gaits. We also show that locomotor learning requires active movement: observing another person adapt their gait did not result in significantly faster learning. These findings reveal that people can learn new walking patterns without bilateral gait training, as stepping with one leg can facilitate adaptive learning that transfers to novel gait patterns.
High-affinity agonist binding to C5aR results from a cooperative two-site binding mechanism

A current challenge in the field of life sciences is to decipher, in their native environment, the functional activation of cell surface receptors upon binding of complex ligands. Lack of suitable nanoscopic methods has hampered our ability to meet this challenge in an experimental manner. Here, we use for the first time the interplay between atomic force microscopy, steered molecular dynamics and functional assays to elucidate the complex ligand-binding mechanism of C5a with the human G protein-coupled C5a receptor (C5aR). We have identified two independent binding sites acting in concert where the N-terminal C5aR serves as kinetic trap and the transmembrane domain as functional site. Our results corroborate the two-site binding model and clearly identify a cooperative effect between two binding sites within the C5aR. We anticipate that our methodology could be used for development and design of new therapeutic agents to negatively modulate C5aR activity.
Brain Network Organization During Mindful Acceptance of Emotions

Individuals use various strategies to cope with challenging emotions such as anxiety. Mindful acceptance involves broadening attentional scope and fully experiencing present moment sensory feelings (whether pleasant or unpleasant) without judgment or elaboration. In contrast, narrative-evaluation involves focusing on a narrow band of sensory experience and generating an elaborate narrative about the meaning and desirability of one’s emotional feelings. The current study examined brain network organization during these strategies using graph theoretic analyses. We used a naturalistic task paradigm in which participants reflected on an anxiety-provoking issue from their personal lives and adopted each strategy in different blocks. Compared to narrative-evaluation, mindful acceptance was associated with: (i) increased global network connectivity; (ii) greater integration of interoceptive regions (mid and posterior insula) into large-scale networks; (iii) reorganization of motivational circuits including a shift in the striatum’s network assignment from the default network to the salience network; and (iv) a shift from default network to frontoparietal control network (FPCN) regions as central hubs that coordinate information flow. Functional connectivity patterns within the left FPCN were associated with acceptance reports. Thus, broadening attentional scope during mindful acceptance is supported by a more globally interconnected neural landscape, as well as greater information flow through FPCN regions that underlie metacognitive awareness and cognitive control.
A new species and new records of Cyclocephala from Guatemala (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae).

-A new Guatemalan species of Cyclocephala is described and modifications to Endrodi's key to the genus are included to allow their identification. New country records for Guatemala are given for C. aequatoria Endrodi, C. alexi Ratcliffe and Delgado, and C. pro longata Arrow. The American genus Cyclocephala includes more than 250 described species, most of which are distributed in South America (Ratcliffe, 1991). However, many endemic species are present in North and Central America (cf. Endrodi, 1985; Ratcliffe, 1992). Guatemalan species of this genus are poorly studied. Here we describe a new species and record for the first time three species of this genus for Guatemala. Cyclocephala batesi, new species (Figs. 1-3) Type material. Holotype male, labeled: "GUATEMALA: Zacapa, La Union, 10-V 1992, Alt. 1,300 m, bosque nuboso, luz H. A. Castaiieda, col." Allotype female and one female paratype labeled as holotype. Holo and Allotype deposited at the Universi dad del Valle de Guatemala (Guatemala City), paratype deposited in collection of Brett C. Ratcliffe (Lincoln, Nebraska). Description. Holotype male. Total length 14.5 mm; maximum width (to middle of elytra) 7.4 mm. Color testaceous, except for fuscous posterior middle of frons, vertex, two large spots on pronotum and three small spots on each elytron (Fig. 1). Dorsum glabrous, with scattered, minute setae on apex of elytra only. Clypeus subtapezoidal, sides convergent, apex distinctly emarginate with front angles rounded and feebly reflexed; clypeal surface and frons finely reticulated; clypeus with dense and medium sized punctures that become sparser and smaller towards frons and vertex. Interocular width equals 3.3 transverse eye diameters. Antenna 10-jointed, club shorter than segments 2-7. Pronotum with posterior angles evenly rounded, base unmargined; pronotal surface with punctures dense and larger than those of clypeus, punctures sparser and smaller near mid-line. Elytra with larger punctures than those of pro notum, intermixed with minute punctures; rows discernible. Pygidium evenly convex, disc with minute and medium-sized punctures, sides rugopunctate, surface with small setae, setae denser on sides. Protibiae tridentate, basal tooth smaller than apical ones and slightly more removed from median tooth than median tooth is from apical; This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.128 on Tue, 06 Sep 2016 04:54:56 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms 1994 NEW CYCLOCEPHALA 457
Can External Defibrillation Terminate Electrical Storm in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillator? A Case Report

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator has become the main therapeutic tool for use in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias to prevent sudden cardiac death. However, patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators can develop the complication of electrical storm. Electrical storm is defined by 3 or more sustained episodes of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or appropriate shocks from an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator within 24 hours. Because the ICD is becoming more prevalent, the complication of electrical storm has received greater attention in clinical practice. In this case study, the authors report positive outcome of using external defibrillator to treat electrical storm for a 75-year-old male with cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D). Correspondence to: Tao Liang, Doctor of Nursing of Cardiovascular Disease. School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Pressure-Diameter Relation of the Human Aorta

Background Pressure-diameter relation of the aorta provides important information about the elastic properties of the vessel. However, owing to methodological limitations, data regarding this relation are limited in conscious humans. In the present study, we assessed a new method for the direct estimation of the elastic properties of the aorta in conscious humans by simultaneous acquisition of instantaneous aortic pressure and diameter. Methods and Results With this method, instantaneous diameter of the thoracic aorta was acquired by a newly designed intravascular catheter developed in our institution that incorporates an ultrasonic displacement meter at its distal end. Instantaneous aortic pressure was acquired simultaneously at the same aortic level with a catheter-tip micromanometer. Aortic pressure-diameter loops were derived from computer analysis of data. After in vitro and animal testing, elastic properties of the aorta were investigated in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (n=15) and compared.
An updated and extended atlas for corresponding brain activation during task and rest

The complexity of our actions and thinking is likely reflected in functional brain networks. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a popular data-driven method to compute group differences between such networks. To aid interpretation of functional network analyses, Smith and colleagues proposed a template of ten functional networks identified in 36 healthy participants. They labeled them those components according to their similarity with statistical parameter maps from a metaanalysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (Smith et al., 2009). However, those original templates show substantial distortion with respect to what up-to date correction methods can achieve, such that trying to capture relevant effects within several cortical regions, especially the sensorimotor and orbitofrontal cortices, as well as the cerebellum may yield suboptimal results. Here, we provide a technical update and extension to the original templates. Using correlation analyses, we identified the best matching maps of each of the original ten templates to ICA maps from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). The HCP provides group-parcellations of a large dataset (n = 1003) with high-quality data. This approach yields a better fit of spatial component maps with anatomical borders and gray-/white-matter-boundaries. Additionally, we provide a version of the updated templates in CIFTI file-format, an emerging format in the neuroimaging community that combines surface-based data with subcortical/cerebellar data in volumetric space. The two formats we provide here offer an improvement on the templates by Smith et al., which should enhance sensitivity and interpretability of future research that compares functional networks between groups.
New Soluble Angiopoietin Analog of C4BP-ANG1 Prevents Pathological Vascular Leakage

Vascular leak is a key driver of organ injury in diseases such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome caused by viruses, including COVID-19. Strategies that reduce enhanced permeability and vascular inflammation are promising therapeutic targets. Activation of the Angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1)-Tie2 tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is an important regulator of vascular quiescence. Here we describe the design and construction of a new soluble ANGPT1 mimetic that is a potent activator of endothelial Tie2 in vitro and in vivo. Using a chimeric fusion strategy, we replaced the extracellular matrix (ECM) binding and oligomerization domain of ANGPT1 with a heptameric scaffold derived from the C-terminus of serum complement protein C4-binding protein α (C4BP). We refer to this new fusion protein biologic as C4BP-ANG1, which forms a stable heptamer and induces TIE2 phosphorylation in cultured cells, and in the lung following i.v. injection of mice. Injection of C4BP-ANG1 ameliorates VEGF- and lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular leakage, in keeping with the known functions of Angpt1-Tie2 in maintaining quiescent vascular stability, and therefore is a promising candidate treatment for inflammatory endothelial dysfunction.
GPCRDB: information system for G protein-coupled receptors

The GPCRDB is a Molecular Class-Specific Information System (MCSIS) that collects, combines, validates and disseminates large amounts of heterogeneous data on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The GPCRDB contains experimental data on sequences, ligand-binding constants, mutations and oligomers, as well as many different types of computationally derived data such as multiple sequence alignments and homology models. The GPCRDB provides access to the data via a number of different access methods. It offers visualization and analysis tools, and a number of query systems. The data is updated automatically on a monthly basis. The GPCRDB can be found online at http://www.gpcr. org/7tm/.
Evaluating surveillance strategies for bovine tuberculosis in Scotland

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the most complex, persistent and controversial problems facing the British cattle industry. It is also potentially zoonotic and so has public health implications. The incidence of the disease has been increasing in Great Britain for more than 20 years and is now endemic in southwest regions of the country and occurs sporadically elsewhere. Scotland records very few incidences of bTB and was declared as an Officially bTB free (OTF) region in 2009 for the purposes of cattle trading. However, in order to retain its OTF status Scotland must continue to demonstrate the ability to report low level of disease prevalence whilst maintaining its vigilance to potential new outbreaks. This thesis uses a variety of epidemiological and statistical models to evaluate the ongoing control strategies for bTB in Scottish cattle herds and highlight potential limitations to the current surveillance programmes. In the absence of an established wildlife reservoir, livestock movements are considered the primary mechanism for introduction of bTB into cattle herds. I use movement and bTB data to estimate the within-herd incidence rate for each infected farm in Scotland. The results suggest that this rate varies across farms, and is dependent on the herd size and length of disease exposure. These incidence rates are then used to parameterise a multi-herd dynamic model using stochastic simulations that incorporate multiple disease transmission pathways. With this
Neuroimaging Insights Pertaining to Physical Activity Effects upon Brain Structure in Mild Cognitive Impairment and in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairments (MCI) are two neurological conditions that commonly affect the aging brain. These conditions cause debilitating symptoms, namely, the loss of the ability to perform activities of daily living. This prevents the patient from being able to live independently and severely decreases their quality of life. A growing treatment option involves the patient integrating physical activity (PA) into their daily lives. There is an increasing amount of evidence that supports both the psychological and anatomical improvements of MCI and AD patients that engage in PA. The different cognitive improvements measured via neuropsychological assessments complement the neuroimaging data found in current literature. Different neuroimaging modalities such as PET, MRI, fMRI and EEG all contribute to the amount of data in support of PA as a viable treatment option for people with AD and MCI. Notable improvements can be found in the hippocampal region of the brain. Other lifestyle advancements such as diet changes and sleeping habits can also have a profound effect on AD and MCI patients. Our research is important because it will lead to treatments that can delay the onset of these diseases or even aid in finding an ultimate cure.
Yields of Minirotation Closely Spaced Hardwoods in Temperate Regions: Review and Appraisal

Published data are reviewed on the yields of ovendry stems and branches (S and B) with bark, and the mean annual increments (denoted MAISB) obtained fro 1 to 5-year old closely planted Platanus occidentalis, Populus spp. , Ulmus parvifolia, and Alnus rubra, growing in north temperate regions. Data were discounted when the heights of sample trees inside experimental plots exceeded four times their distance from the edges of the plots. With the exception of 4 year yields of intensively cultured poplars in Wisconsin, all published yield data fell close to, or below, the response surface described empirically by the equation the square root of t/ha equals 1.19 plus 1.46 (age in years) plus 0.328 (log 1,000 tree/hectare). The ''working maximum'' MAISB of 4 to 5 year old minirotations forests in much of the temperate zone seems to be 10-12 ton/hectare/year, no greater than the MAISB of some Populus plantations grown over rotations of 11-26 years. However, 10-30 percent greater yields have been recorded at ages 1-5 following coppicing, and MAISB values probably continue to increase after age 5.
Morphological changes and yield of selected species of leguminous plants under the influence of seed treatment with laser light

Field and pot experiments were carried out between 1998 and 2000. The factors ofthe 1 st order were faba bean and white lupine varieties, and the factors of the 2nd order were doses of laser irradiation. Seed irradiation was carried out using an apparatus equipped with a helium-neon laser. The seed treatment with laser light favourably influenced both the sprouting and shooting stages of the white lupine and the faba bean and modified the course of the individual phases of the plants' development. The result of these changes was accelerated flowering and plant maturity in the pot experiments, and accelerated drying out of those plants in the field experiments. Seed irradiation caused an increase of leaf surface area - the largest occurring in the period of intensive plant growth from the 2-3 leafphase to full flowering. Irradiation of the sowing material influenced seed yield positively in the leguminous plants studied. An increase in yield was the effect of the increased pod complement of the plants in the field experiments and also of a decrease in plant losses during vegetation. The 1000 seed weight and the number of seeds per pod did not undergo any significant changes. The effectiveness of the treatment applied in the different individual study years relates the effects of irradiation to weather conditions.