Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NATURAL RECOVERY IN A COMMUNITY-BASED SAMPLE OF ALCOHOLICS: STUDY DESIGN AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA

The majority of alcoholics who recover do so without the benefit of treatment, yet little is known about these individuals and the factors associated with their success. A better understanding is needed of the self-initiated and maintained change processes (“natural recovery”) associated with such recoveries. In the current study, initiated in 1997, we followed up alcoholics identified in four previous community surveys and conducted a brief physical examination and an in-depth interview assessing factors thought to be associated with “natural recovery” or entry into treatment. Here we present the study model, describe our sample of 83 “naturally recovered” and 138 “hazardous problem drinkers,” and report factors associated with “natural recovery. ” During the period when their drinking was at its most problematic, those who naturally recovered had discussed their alcohol-use associated problems with fewer network members and had been advised to stop drinking or to drink less by fewer network members. In addition to older age, “natural recovery” was associated with marriage, lower levels of avoidant coping, higher self-esteem, social networks with members who drank less, and a history of less frequent drug use and lower frequencies of intoxication. Rates of “natural recovery” may be increased by encouraging the development of these attributes in hazardous problem drinkers who do not already have them. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts section of this issue. ]
Importance of sites of tracer administration and sampling in turnover studies.

Our recent studies with tritium and /sup 14/C-labeled lactate and alanine in starved rats revealed that the sites of tracer administration and sampling have a profound effect on the kinetics of the specific activity curves and the calculation of metabolic parameters. The importance of the sites of tracer administration and sampling for the experimental design and interpretation of tracer data in vivo is discussed.
Fantasizers and Dissociaters: Data on Two Distinct Subgroups of Deep Trance Subjects

This study delineated two subgroups of highly hypnotizable subjects. The first (n = 19) entered trance rapidly, scored high on absorption, and described hypnosis as much like their rich and vivid waking fantasy life. The second subgroup of 15 took time to achieve a deep trance, saw hypnosis as very different from any prior experiences, and were more likely to exhibit amnesia for both hypnotic experience and waking fantasies.
Change in health-related quality of life over the menopausal transition in a multiethnic cohort of middle-aged women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine changes in health-related quality of life (HRQL) during the menopausal transition, controlling for chronological aging, symptoms, and other covariates. Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal study of women aged 42 to 52 years at baseline recruited at seven US sites (N = 3,302) in the multiethnic Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Women eligible for the cohort had an intact uterus, had at least one ovary, were not currently using exogenous hormones, were either premenopausal or early perimenopausal, and were self-identified as one of the study's designated racial/ethnic groups. Data from the baseline interview and six annual follow-up visits are reported. HRQL was assessed with five subscales from the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey, with reduced functioning defined as being in the lowest 25% on a subscale. Covariates included symptoms, medical conditions, sociodemographics variables, physical activity, and psychological factors. Results: With adjustment for baseline age, chronological aging, and relevant covariates, the odds of reduced role-physical functioning were significantly greater at late perimenopause (odds ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.08-1.99) and postmenopause (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.09-2.04) compared with premenopause. Menopause status was unrelated to bodily pain, vitality, role-emotional, or social functioning. Hormone therapy users were more likely to report reduced functioning. Other variables significantly related to HRQL across all domains included vasomotor symptoms, urine leakage, poor sleep, arthritis, depressed mood, perceived stress, and stressful life events. Conclusions: The menopausal transition showed little impact on HRQL when adjusted for symptoms, medical conditions, and stress.
Removable Cast Chrome Cobalt Retainers for Extended Or Indefinite Period Clinical Use

Patients are frequently being asked to wear orthodontic retainers for as long as they want their teeth to remain in the post-treatment position. Fixed retainers, which are placed on the lingual surface of anterior teeth only, have the advantage of minimal compliance issues but are not without their problems related to wire fracture, adhesive failure and potential gingival or periodontal disease. Plastic retainers, although associated with relatively good aesthetics and compliance, have limitations related to their physical and mechanical properties. This paper describes a chrome cobalt metal retainer that could be used as a long-term retainer with few drawbacks. The properties of chrome cobalt are described and the clinical procedure is outlined.
Web-based Supplementary Materials for “ Improving efficiency of inferences on treatment effect in two-arm randomized trials using auxiliary covariates ”

At the end of Section 2 of the main paper, the semiparametric model framework within which we derive the proposed methods is stated, and is repeated here for convenience. The data from a clinical trial are denoted by (Yi, Xi, Zi), i = 1, . , n, assumed iid across i, where Y denotes the response of interest; X is a vector of baseline auxiliary covariates; and Z = 1, . , k depending on to which of k possible treatment groups subject i was randomized, with randomization probabilities P (Z = g) = πg, g = 1, . , k, ∑k g=1 πg = 1. Randomization guarantees that Z⊥⊥X. We assume that interest focuses on a parameter β involved in characterizing treatment comparisons, defined in the context of a model for the conditional density of Y given Z, pY |Z(y|z; θ, η), where θ = (β T , γ ) . Here, γ represents a finite-dimensional vector of possible additional parameters, and η is a finiteor infinite-dimensional nuisance parameter required to describe fully the class of models under consideration. Examples of such models are discussed in Section 2 of the main paper. The semiparametric model introduced in Section 2 of the main paper consists of all joint densities pY,X,Z(y, x, z ; θ, η, ψ, π) = pY,X|Z(y, x | z; θ, η, ψ)pZ(z;π) such that the conditional densities for (Y,X) given Z, denoted pY,X|Z(y, x | z; θ, η, ψ), satisfy
[Prognostic value of pretreatment CT regarding local control in oropharyngeal cancer after primary surgical resection].

PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic implication of tumor infiltration and volume in primarily operated oropharyngeal carcinomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 80 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (pT 1 = 22, pT 2 = 30, pT 3 = 19 and pT 4 = 9), the tumor volume was measured by pretreatment CT and the extent of tumor infiltration determined by postoperative histologic examination. All patients were followed clinically for local tumor recurrence for at least two years after therapy. The statistical analysis consisted of chi 2 and U tests. RESULTS The local control rate was 79 % (63/80). Of all evaluated anatomic structures, only midline crossing correlated significantly with local recurrence (p = 0.06). No correlation of tumor volume (p = 0.19) or T stage (p = 0.60) with the local recurrence rate was found. CONCLUSION After primary surgery, oropharyngeal carcinomas with midline crossing have an increased risk of local recurrence, whereas the tumor volume only has a minor impact on the recurrence rate. This is in contrast to laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinomas.
Self-Assembly of Components using Shape-matching

This paper describes a process of mass self-assembly of micro-components onto a silicon substrate using mechanical shape-locking mechanism. Protrusions of certain pattern were electroplated onto 1 times 1 mm2 micro-components. These protrusions served as a means for the micro-components to self-assemble onto the cavity receptor sites of the silicon substrate. The protrusions also served as an electrical interconnection between the micro-components and substrate. The self-assembly yield on an 8" wafer with ~1700 receptor sites is about 90% within 10 min. This parallel assembly technique demonstrates higher throughput for mass production, as compared to the conventional 'pick and place' technique.
Use of Mobile Health (mHealth) Tools by Primary Care Patients in the WWAMI Region Practice and Research Network (WPRN)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of mobile health (mHealth) use among primary care patients and examine demographic and clinical correlates. Methods: Adult patients who presented to 1 of 6 primary care clinics in a practice-based research network in the northwest United States during a 2-week period received a survey that assessed smartphone ownership; mHealth use; sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, health literacy); chronic conditions; and depressive symptoms (2-item Patient Health Questionnaire). Data analysis used descriptive statistics and mixed logistic regression. Results: Of 918 respondents (estimated response rate, 67.4%), 55% owned a smartphone, among whom 70% were mHealth users. In multivariate analyses, smartphone ownership and mHealth use were not associated with health literacy, chronic conditions, or depression but were less common among adults >45 years old (adjusted odds ratio, 0.07–0.39; P < .001). Only 10% of patients learned about mHealth tools from their physician, and few (31%) prioritized their provider's involvement. Conclusions: Use of mHealth technologies is lower among older adults but otherwise is common among primary care patients, including those with limited health literacy and those with chronic conditions. Findings support the potential role of mHealth in improving disease management among certain groups in need; however, greater involvement of health care providers may be important for realizing this potential.
Clinicopathologic and molecular analysis of high-grade dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma in short- versus long-segment Barrett esophagus.

Barrett esophagus, especially dysplastic Barrett mucosa, has been regarded as a preneoplastic lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma in short- (SSBE) and long- (LSBE) segment Barrett esophagus have not been studied in detail. The aims of this study were to clarify clinicopathologic and genetic differences between high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and early adenocarcinoma in SSBE versus LSBE. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features from 47 patients (19 SSBE [<3 cm] and 28 LSBE [> or =3 cm]) with esophagectomy for HGD/T1 adenocarcinoma. Allelic losses on chromosomes 3p (FIHT), 5q (APC), 9p (p16), and 17p (p53) were compared in 12 HGD and 9 T1 tumors from 19 cases of SSBE and in 23 HGD and 15 T1 tumors from 28 cases of LSBE. Patients with SSBE were more likely to be smokers than were patients with LSBE (94.7% v 57.1%; P =.004). HGD or T1 tumors arising from SSBE were less likely to show adjoining nondysplastic Barrett mucosa than those from LSBE (73.6% v 100%; P =.02). LSBE more frequently showed a circumferential pattern of Barrett mucosa than did SSBE (96.4% v 47.3%; P =.0002). Chromosomal allelic losses on 3p, 5q, 9p, and 17p were detected in 19% (4 of 21), 43% (15 of 35), 40% (14 of 35), and 48% (16 of 33) of HGD, respectively, and 26% (5 of 19), 35% (8 of 23), 35% (8 of 23), and 57% (13 of 23) of T1 tumor, respectively. There were no significant differences in allelic loss of 3p, 5q, 9p, or 17p in HGD or T1 tumors from SSBE versus LSBE. These results suggest that both HGD and early adenocarcinoma in SSBE and LSBE may occur through similar genetic alterations, whereas there are some clinicopathologic differences between SSBE and LSBE. HUM PATHOL
Kinematic Analysis of the Cat Shoulder Girdle during Treadmill Locomotion: an X‐ray Study

A quantitative kinematic analysis of the movements of the shoulder girdle in the three dimensions of space during treadmill locomotion (velocity range 0.33–1.2 m/s) was performed in two cats. Since the movement patterns of the scapula and the humeroscapular joint can only vaguely be estimated through the overlying skin we used implanted metal spheres placed on the scapula in combination with three‐dimensional pulsed X‐ray cinematography (time resolution 20 ms) to reconstruct the excursions of the scapula, the humerus and the elbow and to calculate the respective angular amplitudes and velocities. The movements of the scapula relative to the Th4 spinous process consist of four major components: (i) a monophasic flexion (caudocranial movement of the glenoid fossa during swing)/extension (craniocaudal movement of the glenoid fossa during stance) sequence, the fulcrum for which sequence is situated near the vertebral border of the scapula at the medial elongation of the scapular spine; (ii) a vertical monophasic up/down sequence of the fulcrum relative to the trunk, the highest vertical position being reached during mid‐stance and the lowest vertical position during mid‐swing; (iii) a biphasic abduction/adduction sequence during swing and during stance respectively; and (iv) small rotations along the scapular spine. The trajectory recordings of the scapula indicate that the scapula yields relative to the trunk under the body weight after ground contact. The angular excursions of the humeroscapular joint consist of: (i) a flexion/extension sequence during swing, a yield after ground contact and a final extension at the end of stance; (ii) an adduction and outward rotation during the early swing phase flexion; (iii) an abduction and inward rotation during the late swing phase extension; and (iv) an adduction during the yield with only minor rotations during the whole stance phase. The movement patterns are discussed in view of the muscular synergies necessary to guide the scapula and the humerus during stance and swing, and in relation to the implications for the organization of these patterns in spinal neuronal systems.
Exploring the Overlap Between Sexual Victimization and Offending Among Young Women Across Neighborhoods: Does the Type of Force and Type of Offending Matter?

The relationship between victimization and subsequent maladaptive behaviors such as offending is well established. To a lesser degree, a contextual lens has been used to examine how neighborhood characteristics influence the overlap between victimization and offending. The existing literature has yet to explore how the neighborhood context moderates the victim–offender overlap among young women, specifically, or whether the type of force used during sexual victimization or offending matters. This study uses data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine whether concentrated disadvantage moderates the impact of sexual victimization on subsequent offending for women. Results indicate that young women who experience sexual victimization are more likely to engage in general offending regardless of neighborhood type. However, closer examination reveals that, when taking into account the type of force used in sexual victimization (physical or coerced) and the type of offending (violent, property, drug use), the overlap does indeed vary across neighborhoods. Specifically, results indicate that only coerced sexual victimization significantly affects property offending in neighborhoods with high levels of concentrated disadvantage. Related to violent offending, physical sexual victimization has a strong positive impact in less disadvantaged neighborhoods. Finally, coerced sexual victimization is significantly associated with an increased likelihood for drug use, and this relationship is consistent across neighborhoods. The findings suggest that nuances in the nature of victimization and offending need to be taken into account to fully understand the victim–offender overlap across neighborhood context.
The cost-effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods in the UK: analysis based on a decision-analytic model developed for a National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) clinical practice guideline.

BACKGROUND Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are highly effective in preventing unintended pregnancies. However, their uptake is low in much of the developed world. This study aimed at assessing the cost-effectiveness of LARC methods from the British National Health Service (NHS) perspective. METHODS A decision-analytic model was constructed to estimate the relative cost-effectiveness of the copper intrauterine device (IUD), the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), the etonogestrel subdermal implant and the depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection (DMPA). Comparisons with the combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) and female sterilization were also performed. Effectiveness data were derived from a systematic literature review. Costs were based on UK national sources and expert opinion. RESULTS LARC methods dominated COC (i.e. they were more effective and less costly). Female sterilization dominated LARC methods beyond 5 years of contraceptive protection. DMPA and LNG-IUS were the least cost-effective LARC methods. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of implant (most effective LARC method) versus IUD (cheapest LARC method) was pound13 206 per unintended pregnancy averted for 1 year of use and decreased until implant dominated IUD in 15 years. Discontinuation was a key determinant of the cost-effectiveness of LARC methods. CONCLUSIONS LARC methods are cost-effective from the British NHS perspective. Practices improving user satisfaction and continuation of LARC method use should be identified and promoted.
Sexual health among female Aboriginal university students in the Maritime Provinces of Canada: risk behaviours and health services use.

UNLABELLED Background Young Aboriginal Canadian people are at increased risk of negative sexual health outcomes, including sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and unplanned pregnancy. Associations between Aboriginal ethnicity and sexual risk behaviours and related health services use among sexually active female university students in eastern Canada were examined. METHODS A secondary analysis of online survey data collected from sexually active female university students under age 30 years from eight post-secondary institutions in the Maritime Provinces of Canada was carried out (N=5010). Students were asked about their ethnic backgrounds, health services use and sexual health behaviours. Logistic regressions were used to compare Aboriginal students to Caucasian students regarding their sexual health behaviours and services use. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, Aboriginal students were seen to be more likely to not have used a condom (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.34-4.18) or any form of effective contraception (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.75-5.31) at last intercourse. They also were more likely to report any lifetime testing for pregnancy (OR 5.81; 95% CI 3.07-10.99) and STIs (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.11-7.82). Aboriginal students accessed university health services as often as their Caucasian counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Aboriginal women attending university in the Maritime Provinces of Canada engage in greater sexual risk taking than Caucasian women and report more related testing. Health services providers working with university students should be aware of these lower rates of barrier protection and use of contraception among Aboriginal women, and use healthcare visits as opportunities to engage these women in reducing their sexual risk taking.
THE EFFECTS OF ACCLIMATION TEMPERATURE ON A NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM OF THE CRAYFISH, ASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS

1. Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus , were acclimated to 12 °C and to 25 °C. Nerve muscle preparations (closer muscle of walking legs) were subjected to temperatures ranging from 6 to 32 °C. 2. The resting membrane potential of muscle fibres was found to increase with temperature in a linear manner, but with a change in slope at around 170 in cold-acclimated preparations, and around 24 °C in warm-acclimated ones. 3. Temperature acclimation shifted the temperature range of maximal amplitudes of fast and slow e.j.p.s toward the acclimation temperature. Optimal facilitation of slow e.j.p.s also occurred near the respective acclimation temperature. 4. E.j.p. decay time is nearly independent of temperature in the upper temperature range but increases steeply when the temperature falls below a critical range around 17 °C in preparations from cold-acclimated animals, and around 22 °C after acclimation to 25 °C. 5. Peak depolarizations reached by summating facilitated e.j.p.s are conspicuously independent of temperature over a wide range (slow and fast e.j.p.s of cold-acclimated preparations, fast e.j.p.s of warm-acclimated ones) which extends to higher temperatures after warm acclimation in the case of fast e.j.p.s. In warm-acclimated preparations the peak depolarization of slow e.j.p.s first falls then rises and falls again as the temperature increases from 8 to 32 °C. 6. Tension development elicited by stimulation of the slow axon at a given frequency reaches maximal values at the lower end of the temperature range in cold-acclimated preparations. The maximum is shifted towards 20 °C after warm acclimation. Fast contractions decline with temperature; possible acclimation effects are masked by the great lability of fast contractions in warm-acclimated preparations. 7. It is suggested that changes in the composition of membrane lipids may be responsible for the effects of acclimation on the electrical parameters and their characteristic temperature dependence.
Kinematic synergy in a real and a virtual simulated assembly task

In ergonomics, digital mock-ups of workstation design in virtual reality environments are often used to evaluate the occupational risks related to a working condition. However, the effectiveness of such technology, particularly in terms of human performance can be questionable. In the present study, we investigated the pattern of movement variability in a simulated assembly task and presented an index of task performance that can highlight the differences in terms of motor control strategy between a real assembly task and its virtual simulation. The movement variability was decomposed into goal-equivalent and non-goal equivalent components and the ratio of these components was introduced as an index of performance. The ratio was greater in the real than in the virtual environment. This study highlights the differences in terms of motor control strategies in real and virtual environments. Practitioner Summary: A simulated assembly task was implemented in a real and a virtual environment. A performance index in light of the motor control theory was introduced. This index could discern a lower performance in the virtual compared with the real environment. The developed approach can provide an objective index to investigate the system fidelity in virtual environments.