Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of chronic hypoxia on the pulmonary arterial blood pressure of the chicken.

BURTON, R. R. , E. L. BESCH, AND A. H. SMITH. Efect of chronic hypoxia on the pulmonary arterial blood pressure of the chicken. Am. J. Physiol. 214(6): 1438-1442. 1968. -Single-comb White Leghorn chickens hatched and living in a high-altitude environment of 12,500-ft elevation, had pulmonary arterial blood pressures approximately twice as great as found in chickens at sea level. The pulmonary arterial blood pressures were highly correlated with the relative right ventricular masses of the individual birds at all altitudes. The proportionality coefficients of this relationship in chickens were double those reported by others in cattle. In the female chicken it appears that each 1 mm Hg increase in the mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure above sea level control values results in a 41-mg increase in the right ventricular mass (hypertrophy). Inhalation of 95y0 oxygen and 57; carbon dioxide for 10 min had no apparent effect on this pulmonary arterial hypertension at high altitude, although acute hypoxia (asphyxia, by tracheal occlusion) produced a pulmonary arterial hypertension in sea-level birds. The occlusion of one major pulmonary artery produced a 6791, increase in the pulmonary arterial blood pressure in the unobstructed lung. Chronic hypoxia ( 12,500-ft elevation) produced a 47y0 reduction in the arterial oxygen tension and no significant changes in the arterial carbon dioxide tension and pH. Anesthesia at the surgical level in chickens results in an acute hypoxia and an acidosis. This hypoxic effect from the anesthesia was much less marked at high altitude. Pulmonary arterial blood pressures reached control values within 2 days after the high altitude-adapted animals were returned to sea level.
The involvement of endothelial progenitor cells in tumor angiogenesis

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been isolated from peripheral blood CD34, VEGFR‐2, or AC 133 (CD133) antigen‐positive cells, which may home to site of neovascularization and differentiate into endothelial cells in situ. Endothelial cells contribute to tumor angiogenesis, and can originate from sprouting or co‐option of neighbouring pre‐existing vessels. Emerging evidence indicate that bone marrow‐derived circulating EPCs can contribute to tumor angiogenesis and growth of certain tumors. This review article will summarize the literature data concerning this new role played by EPCs in tumor angiogenesis.
Assessing the Impact of Student Learning Style Preferences

Students express a wide range of preferences for learning environments. We are trying to measure the manifestation of learning styles in various learning environments. In particular, we are interested in performance in an environment that disagrees with the expressed learning style preference, paying close attention to social (group vs. individual) and auditory (those who prefer to learn by listening) environments. These are particularly relevant to activity‐based curricula which typically emphasize group‐work and de‐emphasize lectures. Our methods include multiple‐choice assessments, individual student interviews, and a study in which we attempt to isolate the learning environment.
Stability region of an optimized bidirectional regenerative half-duplex relaying protocol

In this work, we study a cross-layer design of a spectrally efficient bidirectional relay communication in a three- node network using superposition encoding at the relay node. On the physical layer, a half-duplex relay node decodes-and- forwards the messages of two nodes in a two-phase protocol with optimal time-division. On the data link layer, we assume ergodic arrival processes at node 1 and 2 which have queues with infinite buffer length. At the beginning of each time-slot a centralized controller chooses the service rate pair which achieves the weighted rate sum maximum of the instantaneous achievable rate region for the block-fading channel state of the next time-slot with weights equal to the current buffer levels. To this end, the controller adjusts the time-division and relay power distribution. The policy is throughput optimal since the stability region is equal to the bidirectional ergodic rate region. This is because whenever the mean queue length is large, a negative drift of a quadratic Lyapunov function on the buffer levels can be proved.
Local Controllability of Multidimensional Quasi-Linear Parabolic Equations

This paper studies the local controllability for a class of multidimensional quasi-linear parabolic equations with homogenous Dirichlet boundary conditions and an arbitrarily located internal controller. Unlike the known result in one spacial dimension, controllability is analyzed in the frame of classical solutions. The key of our approach is to seek a control function in the Holder space for given data with certain regularity. In order to give the cost estimate for the control function, we establish an observability inequality for linear parabolic equations with an explicit estimate on the observability constant in terms of the $C^1$ coefficients of principal parts. The later is based on a new global Carleman estimate for general linear parabolic equations, which has an independent interest.
Compact broadband circularly polarized monopole antenna

This paper presents the design of a broadband circularly polarized (CP) monopole antenna. The proposed CP antenna is developed from a primitive structure consisting of only a half-circular patch and an inverted-L feeding strip connected to a coplanar waveguide. By loading a rectangular tuning stub to and etching a sector-ring slot from the half-circular patch and by adding an extended section to the inverted-L feeding strip, one can obtain a measured 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 39.7% for the proposed CP antenna. The designed antenna is relatively compact as compared with another CP monopole antenna of similar structure.
Immunomodulatory Functions of Surfactant

The possibility that the lipoprotein complex of lung surfactant functions in pulmonary host defense as well as lowering surface tension at the air-liquid interface has been the subject of renewed interest in light of the finding that surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) are members of a family of proteins known as collectins. The collectins, so named because they have in common an NH2-terminal collagen-like domain and a COOH-terminal lectin (carbohydrate binding) domain, are found in both lung and serum and participate in "innate" immunity, acting before induction of an antibody-mediated response. In vitro, many of the collectins stimulate phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and production of reactive oxygen and regulate cytokine release by immune cells. It has been known for several years that surfactant lipids suppress a variety of immune cell functions, most notably lymphocyte proliferation, which, conversely, is augmented by SP-A. Thus surfactant lipids and proteins may be counterregulatory, and changes in lipid-to-protein ratios may be important in regulating the immune status of the lung. That these ratios change in disease states is clear, but it is not known whether the alterations are a cause or an effect. Important future studies with mice in which the SP-A and SP-D genes have been ablated will help clarify the role of surfactant in immune function.
The tenure gap in electoral participation: instrumental motivation or selection bias? Comparing homeowners and tenants across four housing regimes

Integrating housing tenure in Instrumental Motivation Theory predicts a tenure gap in electoral participation, as homeowners would be more motivated to vote compared with tenants. The empirical question is whether this effect is causal or rather due to selection into different housing tenures. This question is tackled using coarsened exact matching (CEM) on data for 19 countries, allowing us to better control for endogeneity. Even then, homeowners are found to vote more often than tenants. This association is stronger in countries characterized by a strong pro-homeownership ideology and/or where the financialization of housing markets turned houses into assets.
TAYLOR SERIES BASED MAP APPROACH OUTPERFORMS EXISTING IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

The advent of high quality reconstruction techniques in fluorescence microscopy has advanced our understanding of the complex biological processes. Existing reconstruction techniques are promising but fail with increase in noise level and often result in over-smoothing of the edges. Statistical image reconstruction techniques such as, maximum-likelihood (ML) and maximum-aposteriori (MAP) are two popular techniques capable of quality reconstruction [1, 2, 3]. Bayesian MAP approach is promising since it allows incorporating of prior knowledge in the reconstruction process. In the MAP reconstruction framework, the image field is conveniently modeled as Markov Random Field that necessitates image distribution to be Gibbsian [1]. Optimization followed by successive approximation produces the following iterative approach to obtain the solution, = ∑ ∑ , ( , ) Є × , where g is the measured data, f is the object being imaged, A is the cyclic matrix representing the system PSF, V(fn,fi) is the potential function and wn,i is the distance-dependant weight factor [4]. An appropriate potential function determines the desired features to be restored in the reconstructed image. Proposed Taylor series based approach (TSA) ensures the preservation of analyticity in an image. This in turn penalizes the pixels that deviate from the analytic solution. The penalization term is given by, ∑ , ( , ) Є = −
Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular anthelmintic effects of procyanidins in C. elegans

Worldwide, more than 1 billion people are affected by infestations with soil-transmitted helminths and also in veterinary medicine helminthiases are a severe threat to livestock due to emerging resistances against the common anthelmintics. Proanthocyanidins have been increasingly investigated for their anthelmintic properties, however, except for an interaction with certain proteins of the nematodes, not much is known about their mode of action. To investigate the anthelmintic activity on a molecular level, a transcriptome analysis was performed in Caenorhabditis elegans after treatment with purified and fully characterized oligomeric procyanidins (OPC). The OPCs had previously been obtained from a hydro-ethanolic (1:1) extract from the leaves of Combretum mucronatum, a plant which is traditionally used in West Africa for the treatment of helminthiasis, therefore, also the crude extract was included in the study. Significant changes in differential gene expression were observed mainly for proteins related to the intestine, many of which were located extracellularly or within cellular membranes. Among the up-regulated genes, several hitherto undescribed orthologues of structural proteins in humans were identified, but also genes that are potentially involved in the worms’ defense against tannins. For example, T22D1.2, an orthologue of human basic salivary proline-rich protein (PRB) 2, and numr-1 (nuclear localized metal responsive) were found to be strongly up-regulated. Down-regulated genes were mainly associated with lysosomal activity, glycoside hydrolysis or the worms’ innate immune response. No major differences were found between the groups treated with purified OPCs versus the crude extract. Investigations using GFP reporter gene constructs of T22D1.2 and numr-1 corroborated the intestine as the predominant site of the anthelmintic activity. The current findings support previous hypotheses of OPCs interacting with intestinal surface proteins and provide the first insights into the nematode’s response to OPCs on a molecular level as a base for the identification of future drug targets.
Lobeline Attenuates the Locomotor-Activating Properties of Repeated Morphine Treatment in Rats

Purpose: Lobeline perturbs intra- and extracellular neurotransmitter levels and diminishes the in vitro and in vivo effects of psychostimulants. More recently, lobeline was shown to bind to μ opiate receptors, block the effects of opiate receptor agonists, and decrease heroin self-administration in rats. The present study determined the effect of lobeline on morphine-induced changes in locomotor behavior in rats. Methods: For 12 consecutive days (Days 1 - 12), male rats were administered lobeline (0.3 or 1 mg/kg) followed by morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg) and locomotor activity was measured. On Day 13, the effect of lobeline on the expression of morphine-induced increases in activity was determined. Results: With repeated morphine treatment, an increase in locomotor activity was observed. In a dosedependent manner, lobeline decreased the morphine-induced increase in activity. Acute lobeline challenge on Day 13 also attenuated the expression of this morphine-induced increase in activity. Conclusion: These results are consistent with previous work where lobeline blocks the locomotoractivtating properties of psychostimulants, and these findings support an emerging literature suggesting that lobeline produces its behavioral effects through an interaction with μ opiate receptors. Keywords: Behavior, Morphine, Locomotor activity, Behavioural sensitization, μ Opiate receptors
Masking-period patterns produced by very-low-frequency maskers and their possible relation to basilar-membrane displacement.

By using masking‐period patterns (MPP), produced by sinusoidal as well as impulsive maskers with very‐low‐frequency components, it could be demonstrated for man that the basilar membrane seems to move in phase for low sinusoids and preserves the waveform for nonsinusoids with low‐frequency spectrum within the two basal turns of the cochlea. The shape of a MPP is strongly correlated to the second derivative of the time function of the sound pressure at the eardrum for frequencies below 40 Hz, but to the first derivative for frequencies above 40 Hz. This is presumably due to the form of the cross section of the cochlea and the size of the helicotrema in man. Data of many MPP are shown and discussed together with patterns given in former papers on a qualitative and a quantitative level, leading to the following proposal: the higher peak in MPP belongs to a kind of suppression which would correspond to the displacement of the basilar membrane towards scala tympani, while the lower peak in MPP belongs to the e.
Position and attitude tracking for a formation of three agents

In this paper we consider a trajectory tracking control problem for a multi-agent formation consisting of three agents. The agents provide a high level representation of three manipulators that have grasped a rigid object. More precisely, the agents' positions represent the end-effectors' grasp points. The agents are modelled by single integrators, and are designed to move the object such that it is located at a particular position with a particular attitude in a particular time, i.e. position and attitude tracking. The object rigidity is modelled by requiring that the agents should remain at constant relative distances from each other, reducing their three degrees of freedom each to a total of six translational and rotational degrees of freedom for the whole formation. The formation of agents is shown to be equivalent to a rigid body. The position tracking problem is solved using a standard technique whereas the attitude tracking problem is solved by adopting and adapting a recently developed approach.
Quasi-lumped coplanar transmission-line sensors for broadband liquid characterization

Quasi-lumped structures are used to develop two sensors based on coplanar waveguide transmission lines. The broadband sensors are fabricated using microsystems technology and are used between 1 and 35 GHz. A calibration method to determine the sample permittivity is adapted. The sensors are intended for the non-invasive characterization of biological cells. Saline solutions, water, and an ethanol-water mixture are used to experimentally verify the functionality of the sensors for this purpose. The simulated sensitivity of a quasi-lumped sensor is shown to be up to seven times higher than that of a conventional coplanar waveguide sensor. This hints at the miniaturization potential of these sensors.
Ancient low–molecular-weight organic acids in permafrost fuel rapid carbon dioxide production upon thaw

Significance To our knowledge, this study is the first to directly link rapid microbial consumption of ancient permafrost-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to CO2 production using a novel bioreactor. Rapid mineralization of the freshly thawed DOC was attributed to microbial decomposition of low–molecular-weight organic acids, which were completely consumed during the experiments. Our results indicate that substantial biodegradation of permafrost DOC occurs immediately after thaw and before downstream transport occurs. We estimate that, by 2100, between 5 to 10 Tg of DOC will be released from Yedoma soils every year given the most recent estimates for projected thaw. This represents 19–26% of annual DOC loads exported by Arctic rivers, yet it is so far undetectable likely due to rapid mineralization in soils and/or headwater streams. Northern permafrost soils store a vast reservoir of carbon, nearly twice that of the present atmosphere. Current and projected climate warming threatens widespread thaw of these frozen, organic carbon (OC)-rich soils. Upon thaw, mobilized permafrost OC in dissolved and particulate forms can enter streams and rivers, which are important processors of OC and conduits for carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. Here, we demonstrate that ancient dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from 35,800 y B.P. permafrost soils is rapidly mineralized to CO2. During 200-h experiments in a novel high–temporal-resolution bioreactor, DOC concentration decreased by an average of 53%, fueling a more than sevenfold increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration. Eighty-seven percent of the DOC loss to microbial uptake was derived from the low–molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids acetate and butyrate. To our knowledge, our study is the first to directly quantify high CO2 production rates from permafrost-derived LMW DOC mineralization. The observed DOC loss rates are among the highest reported for permafrost carbon and demonstrate the potential importance of LMW DOC in driving the rapid metabolism of Pleistocene-age permafrost carbon upon thaw and the outgassing of CO2 to the atmosphere by soils and nearby inland waters.
New View on Endothelial Cell Migration: Switching Modes of Migration Based on Matrix Composition

Objective—Cell–matrix interactions are crucial for regulating cellular activities, such as migration. This is of special importance for morphogenic processes, such as angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels). Most of our understanding of cell migration relies on 2-dimensional (2D) experiments. However, the awareness that 3D settings might elicit different results has increased. Knowledge about endothelial cell (EC) behavior in 3D environments and the influence of matrix composition on EC migration, in particular, is still limited. Approach and Results—We characterize the migration of single ECs through 2 structurally different hydrogels: spongy Matrigel and fibrillar collagen I. Our observations reveal an elongated migration phenotype in Matrigel and a rounded phenotype with pronounced cell blebs (blebs >2 µm) in collagen I, which have not previously been described in ECs. Directed migration seems to depend on Rac1 and Cdc42 in collagen, but not in Matrigel (shown using appropriate pharmacological inhibitors). By applying anti-integrin antibodies and supplementing laminin in collagen gels, we identify laminin as the main determinant of the elongated phenotype. Laminin seems to induce a morphological switch between modes of migration. As an in situ proof of principle, we performed live imaging of EC migration during vascular growth in a murine retina in the absence and presence of anti-integrin antibodies. Conclusions—We show that, surprisingly, ECs can evade the pharmacological inhibition of central signaling pathways involved in migration (contractility, small GTPases, and proteolysis) by shifting gears between modes of migration. This finding indicates an unexpected contextual plasticity of EC behavior.
A Spectrum Sensing Method Based on Signal Feature and Clustering Algorithm in Cognitive Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

In order to solve the problem of difficulty in determining the threshold in spectrum sensing technologies based on the random matrix theory, a spectrum sensing method based on clustering algorithm and signal feature is proposed for Cognitive Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Firstly, the wireless communication signal features are obtained according to the sampling signal covariance matrix. Then, the clustering algorithm is used to classify and test the signal features. Different signal features and clustering algorithms are compared in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better sensing performance.
Crank-Nicolson Time Stepping and Variational Discretization of Control-Constrained Parabolic Optimal Control Problems

We consider a control-constrained parabolic optimal control problem and use variational discretization for its time semidiscretization. The state equation is treated with a Petrov--Galerkin scheme using a piecewise constant Ansatz for the state and piecewise linear continuous test functions. This results in variants of the Crank--Nicolson scheme for the state and the adjoint state. Exploiting a superconvergence result, we prove second order convergence in time of the error in the controls. Moreover, the piecewise linear and continuous parabolic projection of the discrete state on the dual time grid provides a second order convergent approximation of the optimal state without further numerical effort. Numerical experiments confirm our analytical findings.
Control of tow five-phase synchronous machine series connected supplied through a five arms inverter with alternate mode

This paper deals with the association of two five-phase synchronous machine series connected and supplied through a five arms inverter. A suitable transposition is adapted to windings in order to ensure an independent control of the two machines. The interest is to exploit one of freedom degree of the polyphase machines by defining an alternate control of the inverter, this allows satisfying two different instructions.
Evaluation of the Titin-Cap Gene (TCAP) as Candidate for Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Irish Wolfhounds

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disorder characterized by left ventricular dilatation and impaired systolic contraction. Irish wolfhounds (IW) and other large breed dogs are most commonly disposed to DCM. We analyzed the titin-cap (TCAP, telethonin) gene as candidate for DCM. Genomic DNA was analyzed in eight DCM affected and five DCM-free IWs. cDNA was sequenced in one DCM-affected IW and two unaffected dogs, one Tibetan terrier and one Dachshund. Compared to the Boxer reference sequence, one sequence difference was identified in the 3′UTR and two in the intron sequence. In the IWs the sequences were monomorphic. In order to rule out a breed-specific haplotype that predisposes to DCM, the polymorphisms were genotyped in 24 Elo dogs, a breed mix established from nine different breeds. The analysis showed that the mutations were not restricted to IW. Moreover, 80% of the Elos were homozygous for the IW haplotype. We conclude that TCAP can most likely be eliminated as cause for DCM in IWs.