Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mall Walking as a Physical Activity Option: Results of a Pilot Project

RÉSUMÉ Le but de la présente étude était d'évaluer la faisabilité et les avantages (forme physique et qualité de vie) d'un programme de marche de 8 semaines dans un centre commercial. Quelque 52 participants (n = 39au post-test) ont pris part au projet pilote (de 46 à 83 ans, âge moyen = 66,4 ans), et ont été présents globalement à 62,4 pour cent. Les participants sélectionnaient eux-mêmes la vitesse de marche, le temps, et la fréquence. Les mesures de la forme physique, le comportement lors de l'activité physique, et la qualité de vie ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation et d'un programme subséquent. Les résultats indiquent une amélioration importante du comportement face à l'activité physique et à la plupart des indices de forme physique. Aucune modification de la qualité de vie n'a été constatée, probablement en raison des valeurs de référence au-dessus de la norme. Globalement, ce projet pilote soutient la faisabilité et les améliorations positives de la santé associées au programme de marche dans un centre commercial. Ces programmes devraient faire partie des programmes de promotion de la santé, et plus particulièrement pour la population vieillissante. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and benefits (fitness and quality of life) of an 8-week mall-walking program. A total of 52 participants (n = 39at post-testing) took part in the pilot project (mean age = 66.4; range 46–83 years), with an overall attendance rate of 62.4 per cent. Participants self-selected pace, time, and frequency. Fitness measures, physical activity behaviour, and quality of life were assessed pre- and post-program. Results indicate a significant improvement in physical activity behaviour and most fitness indices. No quality-of-life changes were found, likely due to the above-norm values at baseline. Overall, this pilot project supports the feasibility of and positive health improvements associated with a mall-walking program. Such programs should be considered as part of health-promotion programs, especially for the aging population.
Confusion over cattle tuberculosis

A great deal of the confusion over the current cattle tuberculosis (TB) crisis and the contribution of badgers to causing new herd breakdowns has arisen from an error concerning the relative pathogenesis of TB in the two species. This study (Gallagher 2005) has been widely cited in policy statements by the British Veterinary Association (2005), National Farmers Union (2005) and others. It claims that there is a fundamental difference in the cattle ‘tubercle’ lung lesions which contain few acid fast bacilli (AFBs) whereas badger lung and kidney lesions have vast numbers of AFBs and are likely to be highly infectious. Gallagher in fact was the MAFF vet involved with the ‘first’ TB badger in 1971, the Thornbury badger culling trial, and the first government Report (Zuckerman 1980). In the early 1970s, he found only 21 cattle with visible lesions in the lungs of 1000 sampled, and concluded that since such ‘open cases’ were so rare that cattle were of little importance in transmitting TB to either badgers or other cattle. This view was strongly contradicted by McIlroy et al. (1986) who found that if lesions were found in the draining pulmonary lymph nodes then lung lesions would be present if sought for diligently enough, such that all such cases should be regarded as ‘open’ potentially infectious cases with up to 20% sputum positive (Neill et al. 1988). Indeed, if cattle are not removed by annual testing in the early nonvisible lesion stage with few AFBs initially, then late visible lesion cases may be excreting 38 million bacilli per day (Francis 1947). Interestingly, some 10% of cattle have lung lesions but none in the lymph nodes which would be consistent with initially acquiring TB via the ingestion route and a different primary complex mirrored in human TB. Likewise, badger TB often arises first in the submandibular lymph nodes suggesting they have caught TB seeking worms and/or beetles under point source cow pats, and lung lesions being secondary (Hancox 1995). Cattle TB is a respiratory ‘consumption’ like human TB, but badger TB is often a dietary ‘scrofula’ just as humanacquired TB via unpasteurized milk with swollen lymph nodes in the neck. M. Hancox 17 Nouncells Cross, Stroud, Glos. GL5 1PT, UK
Sample preparation effects in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry of partially depolymerised carboxymethyl cellulose.

Sample preparation effects in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) of partially depolymerised carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) have been investigated. The depolymerisation was either enzymatic or acidic. Fractions of enzymatically depolymerised CMC were collected from size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and further investigated by MALDI-TOFMS. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid was used as matrix, dissolved in H(2)O due to the poor solubility of CMC in suitable organic solvents. The samples were dried by two methods, in ambient atmosphere and at reduced pressure. Under reduced pressure the sample spot homogeneity increased. This drying method, however, produced additional adduct peaks in the mass spectra originating from ion exchange on the CMC oligomers. Analysis of CMC could be performed in both negative and positive ion modes. Mass discrimination and variation in ionisation efficiency were demonstrated by comparing mass spectra with SEC data. Measurements of the degree of substitution (DS) were performed on three CMCs with different DS values, which were depolymerised in trifluoroacetic acid. The three CMCs were easily distinguished from one another, but the obtained DS values deviated from the values supplied by the manufacturer.
Notes on Epistemic Modals

(a) the modal auxiliaries ‘might’ and ‘must’, (b) the (sentential) adverbs ‘possibly’ and ‘probably’, (c) the various sentential operators that can be constructed from the modal adjectives ‘possible’ and ‘probable’, such as ‘it’s (very) possible that’, ‘it’s (very) probable that’, ‘there is a strong possibility that’, ‘is at least as probable as’, ‘is more probable than’, etc., and (d) those operators constructible from ‘likely’.
Quantification of intramyocellular lipids in obese subjects using spectroscopic imaging with high spatial resolution

Quantification of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) in obese subjects by single‐voxel spectroscopy (SVS) or conventional spectroscopic imaging (SI) often fails due to overlap of IMCL spectral lines by extramyocellular lipids (EMCL), and signal contamination from subcutaneous fat and bone marrow. This study demonstrates that these problems can be solved by high‐resolution SI with 128 phase‐encoding steps and a read gradient during acquisition. The small voxels obtained in this way facilitated differentiation between EMCL and IMCL. This method offers the possibility of studying different muscle groups and the variation of lipids within one muscle. Magn Reson Med 57:22–28, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcome for Singleton and Twin Pregnancies in Emergency Cesarean Section vs. Urgent Cesarean Section in a Retrospective Evaluation from 2003-2012

Objectives: Emergency cesarean is performed, when a situation requires immediate action in order to reduce the risk to mother and/or child, while urgent cesarean is done if a non-life threatening but compromising situation occurs. The aim of the study was to investigate the maternal and fetal outcome for emergency and urgent cesarean. Study Design: A retrospective case-control study was performed; cases underwent emergency cesarean section, while controls underwent urgent cesarean section. We included 303 cases of women and 336 cases of children, and controls were matched. Maternal and fetal outcome parameters for singleton and twin pregnancies were investigated using the Wilcoxon test and the Chi-square-test. Results: Maternal outcome: Higher blood loss (cases: mean 383.12 ± 232.89, range 100 - 2500 vs. controls: 336.06 ± 129.19, range 100 - 1000, p = 0.008), hemorrhage (34 vs. 11, p < 0.001) and puerperal anemia (30 vs. 10, p < 0.001). Neonatal outcome: One, five, and ten minutes Apgar levels and umbilical cord pH values are lower for cases (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Twins had lower five and ten minutes Apgar levels (p = 0.040 and 0.002), but higher umbilical cord pH values than singletons (p < 0.001). The perinatal mortality among singletons was 3.8%, among twins 8.1%. For cases the perinatal mortality among singletons was 5.7% and 17.14% for twins (control group 1.41% and 2.63%, respectively). Conclusion: The maternal and fetal outcome is poorer in emergency cesarean section. Especially the perinatal mortality is high in emergency cesarean section, particular for twins.
Hemorrhagic Foreign Body Granuloma after Cutaneous Surgery Occurring in the Setting of Aspirin Therapy or Thrombocytopenia: A Presentation of Six Cases

Foreign body granuloma (FBG) is a common chronic inflammatory response to surgically implanted foreign material. Manifesting at the site of recent or remote surgical scars, FBG can mimic infectious, inflammatory, or neoplastic processes. The degree of the inflammatory response varies according to the host’s ability to extrude the material, surround it by granuloma formation, or some combination. Factors such as mobility and motion may also impact the intensity of the fibrous or inflammatory reaction in the tissue. Granulomatous reactions associated with spontaneous suture line ulceration and hemorrhage have been previously reported subsequent to gastrointestinal and bronchial procedures. To our knowledge, the manifestation of focal hemorrhagic foreign body reaction after cutaneous surgery, in association with aspirin or thrombocytopenia, has not been described. We report six cases that occurred in the setting of aspirin therapy or thrombocytopenia in the postoperative period. The clinical lesions presented as erythematous to violaceous cystic hemorrhagic nodules or papules, occurring at the incision line, and resolved rapidly after interventions such as incision and drainage, oral antibiotics, discontinuing aspirin, or some combination thereof. Case Reports
E-business capabilities in developed and developing countries: Different or the same?

This paper compares the e-business capabilities in developed and developing countries; in particular the awareness and usage of e-business tools and the barriers / drivers of adoption. We surveyed 136 managers of organizations (in both developed and developing countries) and analyzed the responses via the SPSS Statistics software package. A number of statistically significant differences were found between the 2 sets of organization; interestingly, however, a number of areas showed minimal difference between the 2 sets of organizations, suggesting the gap between them beginning to close.
Heparin-binding growth factor 1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation in NIH 3T3 cells

Tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins induced by heparin-binding growth factor 1 (HBGF-1) was studied by using the murine fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 (clone 2.2). HBGF-1 specifically induced the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of polypeptides of Mr 150,000, 130,000, and 90,000 that were detected with polyclonal and monoclonal antiphosphotyrosine (anti-P-Tyr) antibodies. The concentration of HBGF-1 required for half-maximal induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of the Mr-150,000 Mr-130,000, and Mr-90,000 proteins was approximately 0.2 to 0.5 ng/ml, which was consistent with the half-maximal concentration required for stimulation of DNA synthesis in NIH 3T3 cells. HBGF-1-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the Mr-150,000 and Mr-130,000 proteins was detected within 30 s, whereas phosphorylation of the Mr-90,000 protein was not detected until 3 min after HBGF-1 stimulation. All three proteins were phosphorylated maximally after 15 to 30 min. Phosphoamino acid analysis of the Mr-150,000 and Mr-90,000 proteins confirmed the phosphorylation of these proteins on tyrosine residues. Phosphorylation of the Mr-150,000 and Mr-90,000 proteins occurred when cells were exposed to HBGF-1 at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. Exposure of cells to sodium orthovanadate, a potent P-Tyr phosphatase inhibitor, before stimulation with HBGF-1 resulted in enhanced detection of the Mr-150,000, Mr-130,000, and Mr-90,000 proteins by anti-P-Tyr antibodies. Anti-P-Tyr affinity-based chromatography was used to adsorb the HBGF-1 receptor affinity labeled with 125I-HBGF-1. The cross-linked HBGF-1 receptor-ligand complex was eluded with phenyl phosphate as two components: Mr 170,000 and 150,000. P-Tyr, but not phosphoserine or phosphothreonine, inhibited adsorption of the (125)I-HBGF-1-receptor complex to the anti-P-Tyr antibody matrix. Treatment of cells with sodium orthovanadate also enhanced recognition of the cross-linked (125)I-HBGF-1-receptor complex by the anti-P-Tyr matrix. These data suggest that (i) the (125)I-HBGF-1-receptor complex is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and (ii) HBGF-1-induced signal transduction involves, in part, the tyrosine phosphorylation of at least three polypeptides.
PCI and stable coronary heart disease--COURAGE to change our minds?

It has been axiomatic since the second Randomised In-tervention Treatment of Angina (RITA-2) study that though percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) would not improve hard cardiovascular events it would result in symptomatic benefit in patients with stable angina [1]. A more detailed review of RITA-2 shows that rates of grade 2 angina were 15% in the angioplasty group and 21.4% in the medical ther-apy group (p=0.01) and had narrowed with time suggesting that if medical therapy was optimized then maybe it would have similar effects in terms of pain relief to PCI [2]. The Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial [3], pre-sented at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) 2007 meeting, addressed this issue and may signal the end of the interventional era in the treatment of stable coronary heart disease (CHD). COURAGE [3], like RITA-2 [1,2], showed that PCI plus stenting is no better at preventing future events than optimal medical therapy alone in patients with stable CHD. Between 1999 and 2004, the COURAGE trial ran-domized 2,287 patients either to PCI plus optimal medical therapy or to optimal medical therapy alone. Over a follow-up period ranging from 2.5 to 7.0 (median 4.6) years, 211 all-cause deaths or nonfatal myocardial infarcts (MIs) (the primary outcome of COURAGE) occurred in the PCI group, compared with 202 in the medical-therapy group, a non sig-nificant difference [3]. When stroke was included, again there were no differences seen between the 2 groups. When outcomes were analyzed individually, there were no differ-ences in rates of death, MI, stroke, or hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) between the PCI and medical-therapy groups [3]. The only significant difference between the 2 treatment strategies was a reduced prevalence of angina in the PCI group at 1 and 3 years, again as reported in the 7-year data from RITA-2 [1,2]. However, by 5 years there was no significant difference in freedom from angina,
Contextual risk and promotive processes in Puerto Rican youths' internalizing trajectories in Puerto Rico and New York

Abstract Research on ethnic-minority youths' mental health has rarely examined developmental trajectories for the same ethnic group in contexts where they are a minority versus where they are the majority or mechanisms accounting for differences in trajectories across such contexts. This study examines Puerto Rican youth residing in two contexts, one in which they are in their home culture of Puerto Rico and one in which they are a minority group, in New York. We explore the relationship among social context, minority status, risk, resilience, and trajectories of internalizing symptoms after adjusting for factors related to migration. We found that youths' reports of internalizing symptoms declined over time. Youths in New York had higher levels of internalizing symptoms than did youths in Puerto Rico, but they had similar trajectories. Differences in internalizing symptoms across the two social contexts were accounted for by experiences of discrimination and exposure to violence. Parental monitoring was associated with fewer internalizing symptoms across the two sites, although this effect diminished over time. Contrary to what was expected, family religiosity was associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms. This association was stronger in New York than in the Puerto Rico site.
Adaptive Delay-Tolerant Distributed Space-Time Coding Based on Adjustable Code Matrices for Cooperative MIMO Relaying Systems

An adaptive delay-tolerant distributed space-time coding (DSTC) scheme that exploits feedback is proposed for two-hop cooperative MIMO networks. Maximum likelihood (ML) receivers and adjustable code matrices are considered subject to a power constraint with a decode-and-forward (DF) cooperation strategy. In the proposed delay-tolerant DSTC scheme, an adjustable code matrix is employed to transform the space-time coded matrix at the relay nodes. Least-squares (LS) algorithms are developed with reduced computational complexity to adjust the parameters of the codes. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms obtain significant performance gains and address the delay issue for cooperative MIMO systems as compared to existing delay-tolerant DSTC schemes.
Impacts of Nutrition and Environmental Stressors on Lipid Metabolism

Mediation of nutrition and environmental stressors through hormonal and physiological responses alters growth performance and lipid metabolism in nonruminants, resulting in substantial impacts on carcass lipid quality. Understanding and managing the factors that control carcass fat quality is a challenge for the swine industry yet provides opportunities to improve final carcass quality and profitability of pork production. Three major contributors to lipid quality in swine are regulation of de novo lipogenesis, dietary lipid composition, and environmental stressors. This chapter will evaluate these contributors and their effects on lipid deposition and quality, as well as nutritional and managerial interventions.
Dosimetry at interfaces for high energy X and gamma rays.

The absorbed dose in water exposed to X or γ rays shows rapid changes in the vicinity of the interface with a medium for which the Z value differs from that of water. In the high-energy range, the phenomena may be analysed by studying the various components of the flux of secondary electrons which affect this region of non-electronic equilibrium. For the γ rays of 60Co the absorbed dose in water behind a wall of material with a higher Z than water is less than the dose within the water at electronic equilibrium (unless Z is more than 70); when the water is in front of the wall, the dose in the vicinity of the interface is higher than within the water. For X rays of 10 to 20 MV there is always an overdosage in the vicinity of the interface, whatever the direction of the radiation. In the radiotherapy these results find application in all situations in which some material with a high atomic number is in contact with the tissues, within them, or even is in air at some distance from them. One conclusion is th.
Relationship between ordinal position and academic achievement among adolescents: A study

Ordinal position refers to the actual order in which a child is born; that is first, second, third … sixth, seventh and so on. Children of a family though sharing the same genetic pools from both of their parents and also raised in a similar environment attain different capabilities in their adult lives. There has been some research in the past to understand why such differences occur. However, these researches have either not considered academic achievement – which in the modern competitive world is often considered as one of the key criterion to judge one’s total potential and capability – as one of their parameters of study or the final conclusions so drawn fail to clearly define the relationship between ordinal position and academic achievement. In this paper an attempt has been made to examine a relationship between the ordinal position and academic achievement. For this purpose, a sample of 50 children was selected which was limited to the young adolescents (age 13-16 years). The results do not reveal a clear relationship between the ordinal position and academic achievement; however, these results cannot be generalized because the study has been conducted on a small sample. Notwithstanding this, it is hoped that the results from this pilot study will help to broaden the research by also including other groups.
Analyzing Java in Isabelle-HOL: formalization, type safety and Hoare logic

This thesis deals with machine-checking a large sublanguage of sequential Java, covering nearly all features, in particular the object-oriented ones. It shows that embedding such a language in a theorem prover and deducing practically important properties is meanwhile possible and explains in detail how this can be achieved. We formalize the abstract syntax, and the static semantics including the type system and well-formedness conditions, as well as an operational (evaluation) semantics of the language. Based on these definitions, we can express soundness of the type system, an important design goal claimed to be reached by the designers of Java, and prove that type safety holds indeed. Moreover, we give an axiomatic semantics of partial correctness for both statements and (side-effecting) expressions. We prove the soundness of this semantics relative to the operational semantics, and even prove completeness. We further give a small but instructive application example. A direct outcome of this work is the confirmation that the design and specification of Java (or at least the subset considered) is reasonable, yet some omissions in the language specification and possibilities for generalizing the design can be pointed out. The second main contribution is a sound and complete Hoare logic, where the soundness proof for our Hoare logic gives new insights into the role of type safety. To our knowledge, this logic is the first one for an object-oriented language that has been proved complete. By-products of this work are a new general technique for handling side-effecting expressions and their results, the discovery of the strongest possible rule of consequence, and a new rule for flexible handling of mutual recursion. All definitions and proofs have been done fully formally with the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL, representing one of its major applications. This approach guarantees not only rigorous definitions, but also gives maximal confidence in the results obtained. Thus this thesis demonstrates that machine-checking the design of an important non-trivial programming language and conducting meta-theory on it entirely within a theorem proving system has become a reality. Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim anything for ourselves, but our competence comes from God. 2 Corinthians 3:5
Evolution of the primate visual system: anterograde degeneration studies of the tecto-pulvinar system.

A partial answer to the question of the precocious development of the temporal lobe in fossil lemurs is offered by the presentation of evidence that in the tree shrew, in prosimians, and probably in all primates the temporal lobe contains primary visual cortex. The visual pathway to the temporal lobe is achieved by relays through the superficial layers of the superior colliculus and pulvinar nucleus. This pathway parallels the geniculo-striate system. Still a third visual system can be identified with sensory-motor connections in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus.