Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between small‐scale mantle diapirs and a continental root

A possible mechanism for adding material to a continental root is by means of upwellings from the convecting mantle subject to pressure release partial melting. We present results of numerical modeling of the interaction of melting diapirs with continental roots in an Archean setting characterized by a mantle potential temperature of 1750°C in a two‐dimensional (2‐D) Cartesian geometry. In an extension of earlier work [de Smet et al., 2000b] we have investigated the influence of mantle rheology on the behavior of diapirs. We have in particular looked at the difference in behavior of diapirs using a composite rheology combining both grain size sensitive diffusion creep and dislocation creep mechanisms. We have used the grain size, here taken to be uniform, as a control parameter to obtain model cases with varying contribution from the two creep mechanisms. The diapirs in the composite rheology model rise much faster than they do in a purely Newtonian model. Observed diapiric ascent times from 230 km depth to the top of the ascent path at about 80 km depth are approximately 1 Myr for a Newtonian model (averaged 14 cm/yr) compared to about 50 thousand years for a composite rheology model (averaged 3 m/yr) with the same parameters for the Newtonian component. This clearly indicates the large impact of the dislocation creep component of the viscous deformation process. We have also investigated the effect of an increase in the viscosity due to dehydration during partial melting. This increase has a strong influence on the development of rising diapirs. The ascent velocity and lateral spreading of the diapirs at the end of their ascent are effectively reduced when a viscosity increase by a factor of 10 is applied, and the effect becomes stronger for larger factors. Average vertical velocities range from 1.4 cm/yr for a factor 10 to 2 mm/yr for a factor 200. The most striking result of the viscosity increase due to dehydration is the reduction of the ascent velocity, thereby stretching the characteristic timescale of the diapiric intrusion process to a value between 5 and 50 Myr for dehydration viscosity prefactor values of 10 and 200, respectively. In contrast with the strong difference between the Newtonian and the composite rheology models, small differences are found in the overall dynamics between the composite rheological models, characterized by different values of the uniform grain size. The composite rheological models exhibit self‐regulating behavior where substantial differences between the relative contributions of the two creep components result in very similar effective viscosities, due to a local dominance of dislocation creep at high stresses and corresponding similar flow dynamics. Stress levels and P,T paths in the modeling results are consistent with estimates obtained from Precambrian peridotite bodies which are interpreted to have originated from asthenospheric diapirism.
Optimization of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Placement in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)-Based Power System for Better State-Estimation Performance

Present-day power systems are mostly equipped with conventional meters and intended for the installation of highly accurate phasor measurement units (PMUs) to ensure better protection, monitoring and control of the network. PMU is a deliberate choice due to its unique capacity in providing accurate phasor readings of bus voltages and currents. However, due to the high expense and a requirement for communication facilities, the installation of a limited number of PMUs in a network is common practice. This paper presents an optimal approach to selecting the locations of PMUs to be installed with the objective of ensuring maximum accuracy of the state estimation (SE). The optimization technique ensures that the critical locations of the system will be covered by PMU meters which lower the negative impact of bad data on state-estimation performance. One of the well-known intelligent optimization techniques, the genetic algorithm (GA), is used to search for the optimal set of PMUs. The proposed technique is compared with a heuristic approach of PMU placement. The weighted least square (WLS), with a modified Jacobian to deal with the phasor quantities, is used to compute the estimation accuracy. IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus systems are used to demonstrate the suggested technique.
PP 2 AC Level Determines Differential Programming of p 38-TSC-mTOR Signaling and Therapeutic Response to p 38-Targeted Therapy in Colorectal Cancer

a Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA b Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China c Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA d Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
2 0 1 2 ) 0 4 0 Nuclear activity and stellar mass in galaxies

G. La Mura∗,a D. Bindoni,b S. Ciroi,b V. Cracco,b P. Rafanelli,b L. Vaona,b R. D’Abruscoc aInstitut für Astround Teilchenphysik, Universität Innsb ruck Technikerstrasse 25/8, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria bDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy cHigh Energy Astrophysics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian C enter for Astrophysics 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Comment on Flinn et al , page 3406 ; and Kahl

conclusion regarding the marked differences in gene expression between human and mouse erythropoiesis has also been reached by an independent analysis of previously published gene expression data of human and mouse erythroblasts isolated by flow cytometry. These marked differences in mouse and human erythroid transcriptomes are surprising given themorphological similarities that occur in both species to ultimately form a biconcave disc containing mostly hemoglobin. There certainly can be different pathways that achieve the same end result. However, a caveat of both studies is that the mouse erythroblasts were isolated directly from the bone marrow, whereas the human erythroblasts were derived from prolonged in vitro culture of neonatal or adult CD34-positive cells that mature as a cohort. Because mammalian erythroblasts normally mature attached to macrophage cells within erythroblastic islands, it remains to be determined how many of the species-specific differences in gene expression might be due to the in vitro microenvironment of the cultured human erythroblasts. Most studies of global erythroid gene expression have relied on chip-based technologies. A significant strength of this study is the use of RNA-Seq (RNA Sequencing) to generate the gene expression data. For example, this approach has now permitted the global analysis of ribosomal genes, which surprisingly make up a significant proportion of the most abundantly expressed genes present in human proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts. In addition, this approach offers the possibility of analyzing the expression of splice variants, including the identification of novel erythroid-specific variants, as well as noncoding RNAs during erythroid maturation. Such analyses of these databases are eagerly awaited and should certainly lead to new insights regarding the regulationofhumanerythropoiesis, as well as that of its closest model organism. Conflict-of-interest disclosure:The author declares no competing financial interests. n
Working with Proteins in silico: A Review of Online Available Tools for Basic Identification of Proteins

Increase in online available bioinformatics tools for protein research creates an important opportunity for scientists to reveal characteristics of the protein of interest by only starting from the predicted or known amino acid sequence without fully depending on experimental approaches. There are many sophisticated tools used for diverse purposes; however, there are not enough reviews covering the tips and tricks in selecting and using the correct tools as the literature mainly state the promotion of the new ones. In this review, with the aim of providing young scientists with no specific experience on protein work a reliable starting point for in silico analysis of the protein of interest, we summarized tools for annotation, identification of motifs and domains, determination isoelectric point, molecular weight, subcellular localization, and post-translational modifications by focusing on the important points to be considered while selecting from online available tools.
ETV6-PDGFRB stimulates the proliferation of Ba/F3 cell and in vivo promotes hematopoietic cell proliferation in mouse transplantation models, and that in transducing human CD34-positive cord blood hematopoietic stem cells with ETV6-PDGFRB, an eosinophil differentiation

extracellular ligand-binding domain of PDGFRB, which is required for oligomerization and activation of the kinase domain. Experiments demonstrated that ETV6-PDGFRB stimulates the proliferation of Ba/F3 cell and in vivo promotes hematopoietic cell proliferation in mouse transplantation models, and that in transducing human CD34-positive cord blood hematopoietic stem cells with ETV6-PDGFRB, an eosinophil differentiation is induced. Hence, this is an oncogenetic alteration, probably acting through the nuclear factor kB pathway. More than 20 fusion partner genes have been describes so far, as confirmed by Cheah et al. From a diagnostic point of view, these PDGFRB diseases present with a clinical picture of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia, atypical chronic myelogenous leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome/ myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap disorders. Imatinib is considered a definitive treatment of PDGFR-activated diseases. Cheah et al reported a very long-term study (median follow-up, 10 years) on efficacy/ safety of imatinib in 26 patients with HE. Response was achieved in 96% of patients, without relapse or clonal evolution for those achieving cytogenetic or molecular response. The 10-year overall survival is 90%, with a 6-year progression-free survival rate of 88%. Safety profile is good, without HE-specific toxicity. FGFR1 fusion genes is the last in terms of frequency among clonal HE. The most frequent translocation is t(8;13)(p11;q12), involving ZNF198 at 13q12, resulting in a chimeric protein with constitutive activation of FGFR1. This disease is also known as 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome or stem cell leukemia/lymphoma, as lesion biopsy shows T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma or mixed myeloid/ T-cell lineage, and the disease has an aggressive clinical course. In conclusion, imatinib in PDGFRB disease really changed the natural history of HE: Patients passed from a 2-year survival of 55% without imatinib to a 10-year survival of 90% with imatinib. Given these therapeutic implications of this long-term observation, physicians must aggressively investigate the molecular basis of these eosinophilic diseases, with emphasis on the PDGFR family, and when identified, imatinib must be started promptly. Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The author declares no competing financial interests. n
Title : Genetic origin and dispersal of the invasive soybean aphid inferred from population genetic analysis and approximate Bayesian computation Running header : Genetic origin and dispersal of soybean aphid Author names :

Biological invasion is considered one of the most important global environmental problems. Knowledge of the source and dispersal routes of invasion could facilitate the eradication and control of invasive species. Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is one of the most destructive soybean pests. For effective management of this pest, we conducted genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis to determine the origins and dispersal of the aphid species, as well as the source of its invasion in the USA, using eight microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We were able to identify a significant isolation by distance (IBD) pattern and three genetic lineages in the microsatellite data but not in the mtDNA dataset. The genetic structure showed that the USA population has the closest relationship with those from Korea and Japan, indicating that the two latter populations might be the sources of the invasion to the USA. Both population genetic analyses and ABC showed that the northeastern populations in China were the possible sources of the further spread of A. glycines to Indonesia. The dispersal history of this aphid can
Developing participatory models of watershed management in the Sugar Creek Watershed (Ohio, USA).

The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has historically used an expert‐driven approach to water and watershed management. In an effort to create regulatory limits for pollution‐loading to streams in the USA, the USEPA is establishing limits to the daily loading of nutrients specific to each watershed, which will affect many communities in America. As a part of this process, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency ranked the Sugar Creek Watershed as the second "most‐impaired" watershed in the State of Ohio. This article addresses an alternative approach to watershed management and that emphasises a partnership of farmers and researchers, using community participation in the Sugar Creek to establish a time‐frame with goals for water quality remediation. Of interest are the collaborative efforts of a team of farmers, researchers, and agents from multiple levels of government who established this participatory, rather than expert‐driven, programme. This new approach created an innovative and adaptive model of non‐point source pollution remediation, incorporating strategies to address farmer needs and household decision making, while accounting for local and regional farm structures. In addition, this model has been adapted for point source pollution remediation that creates collaboration among local farmers and a discharge‐permitted business that involves nutrient trading.
Conflict dynamics and costs in the Greek Civil War 1946–1949

Using a new set of data from Greek Army sources, US military archives, and Communist Party documents, the paper provides a quantitative analysis of the armed confrontation that took place in Greece during 1946–1949. A dynamic Lotka–Volterra model is estimated, pointing to the existence of a conflict trap that explains the prolongation of the civil war and its dire consequences for the country. A regional analysis finds that the mobilization of guerrilla forces was crucially affected by morphology and the local persecutions of political rivals. Using neoclassical growth-accounting, the economic cost of the conflict is estimated to surpass an annual GDP, in line with similar findings in contemporary civil wars. The same framework is employed to assess the outcome in counterfactual situations discussed in this paper.
Towards a Soft Pneumatic Glove for Hand Rehabilitation

This paper presents preliminary results for the design, development and evaluation of a hand rehabilitation glove fabricated using soft robotic technology. Soft actuators comprised of elastomeric materials with integrated channels that function as pneumatic networks (PneuNets), are designed and geometrically analyzed to produce bending motions that can safely conform with the human finger motion. Bending curvature and force response of these actuators are investigated using geometrical analysis and a finite element model (FEM) prior to fabrication. The fabrication procedure of the chosen actuator is described followed by a series of experiments that mechanically characterize the actuators. The experimental data is compared to results obtained from FEM simulations showing good agreement. Finally, an open-palm glove design and the integration of the actuators to it are described, followed by a qualitative evaluation study.
On the Use of Graph Fourier Transform for Light-Field Compression

This work proposes the use and analyzes the viability of graph Fourier transform (GFT) for light-field compression. GFT is employed in place of discrete-cosine transform (DCT) in a simplified compression system based on high-efficiency video coding (HEVC). The effect on GFT efficiency of different implementations for prediction procedure is analyzed, as well as different methods for computing GFT given residual images. Results indicate that the prediction scheme is sensitive to the type of light field being compressed, and a preliminary method for selecting the best prediction scheme is explored. Moreover, considering multiple residual images when computing GFT, instead of only one central image, improves compression rate and makes compression more uniform across multiple views. GFT achieves reduction of up to 21.92% in number of transform coefficients when compared to DCT-based compression, while providing better or equal mean squared reconstruction error.
oesophageal muscle wall thickness high-frequency ultrasound measurements of Oesophageal shortening : in vivo validation of

Background and aims Assessment of oesophageal muscle wall thickness with high-frequency intraluminal ultrasound (HFIUS) is proposed as a method to evaluate longitudinal muscle contraction and oesophageal shortening in patients with oesophageal symptoms. Studies using this technique suggested that prolonged oesophageal wall thickening can be associated with chest pain and heartburn. Validation studies comparing HFIUS measurements against fluoroscopic investigations of oesophageal shortening are not available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oesophageal muscle wall thickening and oesophageal
Autonomous Path Planning for Road Vehicles in Narrow Environments: An Efficient Continuous Curvature Approach

In this paper we introduce a novel method for obtaining good quality paths for autonomous road vehicles (e.g., cars or buses) in narrow environments. There are many traffic situations in urban scenarios where nontrivial maneuvering in narrow places is necessary. Navigating in cluttered parking lots or having to avoid obstacles blocking the way and finding a detour even in narrow streets are challenging, especially if the vehicle has large dimensions like a bus. We present a combined approximation-based approach to solve the path planning problem in such situations. Our approach consists of a global planner which generates a preliminary path consisting of straight and turning-in-place primitives and a local planner which is used to make the preliminary path feasible to car-like vehicles. The approximation methodology is well known in the literature; however, both components proposed in this paper differ from existing similar planning methods. The approximation process with the proposed local planner is proven to be convergent for any preliminary global paths. The resulting path has continuous curvature which renders our method well suited for application on real vehicles. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method outperforms similar approaches in terms of path quality in complicated planning tasks.
On the Red Giant Branch: Ambiguity in the Surface Boundary Condition Leads to ≈100 K Uncertainty in Model Effective Temperatures

The effective temperature (Teff) distribution of stellar evolution models along the red giant branch (RGB) is sensitive to a number of parameters including the overall metallicity, elemental abundance patterns, the efficiency of convection, and the treatment of the surface boundary condition (BC). Recently there has been interest in using observational estimates of the RGB Teff to place constraints on the mixing length parameter, αMLT, and possible variation with metallicity. Here we use 1D Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) stellar evolution models to explore the sensitivity of the RGB Teff to the treatment of the surface BC. We find that different surface BCs can lead to ±100 K metallicity-dependent offsets on the RGB relative to one another in spite of the fact that all models can reproduce the properties of the Sun. Moreover, for a given atmosphere T–τ relation, we find that the RGB Teff is also sensitive to the optical depth at which the surface BC is applied in the stellar model. Nearly all models adopt the photosphere as the location of the surface BC, but this choice is somewhat arbitrary. We compare our models to stellar parameters derived from the APOGEE-Kepler sample of first ascent red giants and find that systematic uncertainties in the models due to treatment of the surface BC place a limit of ≈100 K below which it is not possible to make firm conclusions regarding the fidelity of the current generation of stellar models.
Loss of AM additives from antimicrobial films during 1 storage 2

24 Films based on linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low-density 25 polyethylene (LDPE) containing linalool or methylchavicol were prepared by extrusion 26 film blowing. Film rolls of LLDPE containing linalool or methylchavicol were stored at 27 ambient temperature for 1 year. Samples of these films were then evaluated for the 28 amount of linalool or methylchavicol retained and for their antimicrobial (AM) activity 29 by the agar disc diffusion assay. In addition, film rolls of LDPE-EVA (LDPE-ethylene 30 vinyl acetate) containing linalool or methylchavicol were stored at 25 and 35C. Samples 31 of these films were periodically collected to quantify the amount of linalool or 32 methylchavicol retained as a function of time. For the AM LLDPE films, a decrease in 33 additive retention was observed but there was no statistically significant difference in 34 their AM activity against E. coli at the beginning and after 1 year of storage. For the AM 35 LDPE-EVA films, the amount of additive in the film decreased with time and the additive 36 retention in all films tended to deviate from the theoretical first-order decay. These 37 findings suggest that an amount of linalool or methylchavicol that is sufficient to maintain 38 AM activity remained in the polymeric matrix after the storage period. This study 39 confirms the potential use of polymeric films containing basil constituents as AM films 40 for enhancing quality and safety as well as the extension of the shelf life of foods. 41 42
Experimental behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete Filled Steel Rectangular Fluted Columns for Concentric Load

A well planned experimental work on thirteen regular concrete filled steel fluted columns (CFSFC). The parameters chosen for the study are Geometry of the specimen - Rectangular flutes. Different L/D ratios, Longitudinal reinforcement. Three series of specimens having different L/D ratios, 2500 mm long have been tested with M20 grade of concrete. Study has been made with respect to the Self Compacting Concrete as per Nan Su method and tested for conformity as per IS Specifications is poured into the fluted steel tube. These columns were cured for 28 days by frequently pouring water over top of the column. Pilot specimens cured in a similar manner were tested to know the basic properties. It has been found from the observation that columns had good confinement and SCC the failure was at supports for all columns by opening up of steel sheet showing local buckling. It was also observed that as the L/D ratio increased the opening up of steel sheet moved towards the supports. None of the columns showed any buckling characteristics for enhanced loading or for higher L/D ratios of 25. Results obtained from the experiments have been compared with earlier developed empirical equations and have been found that generally, the theoretical values are conservative compared to the experimental values by about 50 to 60%.