Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct observations of basin‐wide acidification of the North Pacific Ocean

Global ocean acidification is a prominent, inexorable change associated with rising levels of atmospheric CO2. Here we present the first basin‐wide direct observations of recently declining pH, along with estimates of anthropogenic and non‐anthropogenic contributions to that signal. Along 152°W in the North Pacific Ocean (22–56°N), pH changes between 1991 and 2006 were essentially zero below about 800 m depth. However, in the upper 500 m, significant pH changes, as large as −0.06, were observed. Anthropogenic and non‐anthropogenic contributions over the upper 800 m are estimated to be of similar magnitude. In the surface mixed layer (depths to ∼100 m), the extent of pH change is consistent with that expected under conditions of seawater/atmosphere equilibration, with an average rate of change of −0.0017/yr. Future mixed layer changes can be expected to closely mirror changes in atmospheric CO2, with surface seawater pH continuing to fall as atmospheric CO2 rises.
A redundant flux-switching permanent magnet motor drive for fault-tolerant applications

This paper develops the concept of employing the redundant winding in a flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine. A new redundant FSPM machine is proposed for fault tolerant operation of critical applications. The redundant winding configuration is analyzed and the corresponding suitable control strategy for the post-fault is proposed. The electromagnetic performance of the redundant FSPM machine drive under normal and fault conditions is predicted by using a co-simulation method coupling magnetic and electrical circuit solvers. Finally, a 12/10-pole FSPM machine with redundancy is prototyped for verification. Both simulation and experimental results are presented, verifying fault tolerant characteristic of the proposed machine drive.
Who is targeted for lifestyle advice? A cross-sectional survey in two general practices.

BACKGROUND Recent health promotion guidelines reimbursed primary health care teams for targeting lifestyle advice to patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether primary health care teams do target advice, who is targeted, and whether the advice is acted upon. AIM To assess which factors predict the targeting and recall of lifestyle advice. METHOD A total of 370 patients with, and 192 without, a computer record of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease/myocardial infarction/angina, a body mass index > or = 30) from two contrasting Wessex practices were sent a postal questionnaire about medical conditions, recall of lifestyle advice, current lifestyle, and their perceptions about the health of their lifestyle. RESULTS Seventy-seven per cent of patients responded. There was good agreement between listed risk factors and patients reporting a risk factor (kappa = 0.60), which was similar for both sexes and better in older age groups. Recall of lifestyle advice was not significantly affected by practice, but was more likely in patients with listed risk factors (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.62, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 2.89-7.37) and in men (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.07-2.52), and less likely in older age groups (age < or = 64 years = 1.00; 65-74 years = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.27-0.81; 75+ years = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.20-0.60). Of patients with listed risk factors, 27% could not recall having received any advice, and recall varied with medical condition. Only 40% of patients with reported high blood pressure recalled being given advice about salt. Those who recalled advice were more likely to report a healthier current lifestyle. Of those with unhealthy lifestyles, 30-50% were unaware that their lifestyle was unhealthy. CONCLUSION Lifestyle advice is not recalled for some important risk factors, and some patients are unaware of their unhealthy lifestyle. Although advice is being preferentially targeted to those with risk factors, women and older patients recall advice less. Research is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of advice for both sexes and different ages.
Consensus-driven distributed control of battery energy storage systems for loading management in distribution networks

With the electricity demand growing around the world, overloading is becoming a critical problem needed to be solved in distribution systems. Although renewable-based distributed generation methods are a good option, its intermittency and uncertainty should be addressed. This paper aims to provide an attempt to coordinate battery energy storage systems (BESSs) for loading management in distribution network with solar power energy penetration. Through limited communication, required load shedding is shared among participating BESSs. Communication topology variation is also studied in this research, which proves that communication network is playing a critical role in regulating distributed resources. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control strategy.
Effects of Zn Doped Mesa Sidewall on Gain Enhanced InGaAs/InP Heterobipolar Phototransistor

The excellent detectability of the gain enhanced InGaAs/InP heterobipolar phototransistor (GE-HPT) is demonstrated and attributed to a reduction in the reverse leakage current at the base-collector junction and the enhancement of current gain at the emitter-base junction achieved by using a current blocking structure with a Zn doped mesa sidewall. The common emitter grounded current gain agrees well with the photo-conversion efficiency of several tens of thousands of A/W at incident optical powers in the hundred nanowatt to sub-picowatt range over several orders of magnitude. The deep mesa structure in the GE-HPT is also effective in ensuring superior isolation of better than 25 dB between adjacent arrays.
Model Predictive Stabilization of Constrained Underactuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicles With Guaranteed Feasibility and Stability

This paper studies the model predictive stabilization problem of underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with control input constraints, where the full dynamic and kinematic model including Coriolis and centripetal matrix, the hydrodynamic added mass, and damping is utilized, and a four-control-input configuration is considered. A novel model predictive control algorithm is proposed based on the homogeneity of system model and an existing time-varying control law. Theoretical results on ensuring algorithm feasibility and closed-loop stability are provided. It is shown that if the terminal set level and the cost weights are designed appropriately, the developed algorithm is iteratively feasible and the closed-loop system is asymptotically stabilized at the equilibrium point. Comparison studies verify the effectiveness of the developed results.
The Influence of Global Business Regulation: Beyond Good Corporate Conduct

© 2006 Center for Business Ethics at Bentley College. Published by Blackwell Publishing, 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA, and 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK ASR usiness and Society Review 0045-3609 © 2006 Ce ter f r Busin ss Ethics at Bentley College 111 3 rigi al Article U INESS and SOCIETY REVIEW PHILIPP PATTBERG The Influence of Global Business Regulation: Beyond Good Corporate Conduct
Bone density, bone geometry and bone development in young men The importance of pubertal timing and fracture history

Background and objective: Peak bone mass, the maximal bone mass attained in young adulthood, is an important factor of the lifetime risk of developing osteoporosis. The aim of this thesis was to study the development of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone geometry around the time of peak bone mass in men, and also to investigate the association between pubertal timing, fracture history, bone turnover markers and BMD and bone geometry in young men. Methods: The studies included in the thesis were performed within the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study, a well-characterized population-based cohort including 1068 men between 18-20 years of age at baseline. At baseline and follow-up five years later, measurements of bone density, bone mass and bone geometry were assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Blood samples were drawn to measure bone turnover markers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information about physical activity, nutritional intake, smoking and previous fracture. Reported fractures were verified in X-ray registers. Results: Previous fracture was associated with lower BMD at age 19, and especially with reduced trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) of the radius. Between 19 and 24 years of age, lumbar spine areal BMD (aBMD) increased while femoral neck aBMD decreased. Radius aBMD increased, due to increased cortical thickness and continuing mineralization. Men with late puberty had larger gains in aBMD, vBMD, and bone size, reflecting a catch up in bone acquisition in young adulthood in men with late puberty. A high level of osteocalcin (a bone turnover marker) was associated with larger gains in aBMD, vBMD, and bone size between 19 and 24
On the stability of Friedrichs’ scheme and the modified Lax-Wendroff scheme

Necessary and sufficient stability criteria for Friedrichs' scheme and the modified Lax-Wendroff scheme with smooth coefficients are derived by means of Kreiss' Matrix Theorem and the first Stability Theorem of Lax and Nirenberg. In this note we derive necessary and sufficient stability criteria for Friedrichs' scheme and the modified Lax-Wendroff scheme (8) for the hyperbolic system
Confer: Collaborative Professional Learning in the Zone of Possibility

This demo paper presents Confer, a tool being developed by the Layers project to support collaborative learning in professional settings. The tool is developed though an innovative process, which combines inputs from theory with analysis of current practice and user feedback on proposed innovation. It guides and supports groups of practitioners through a process of progressive inquiry.
Miniaturization of dual frequency RFID antenna with high frequency ratio

We have presented a novel design for dual frequency RFID antenna with high frequency ratio. This antenna works well in both the HF and UHF bands for RFID operation with a single feed. Comparisons between the new design and the previous design are made and the new design is shown to be less than half of the size of the previous design while offering almost the same performance. A functioning dual frequency RFID tag proves that having a dual frequency RFID system is feasible. Although no dual frequency RFID chip is available at the moment, we hope that this successful design of a compact dual frequency RFID antenna will catalyze the development of a dual frequency RFID chip.
Human Upf Proteins in NMD

he human Upf (hUpf) proteins work at the core of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. The three hUpf proteins, hUpf1, hUpf2 and hUpf3, form the hUpf complex, which is critical for the recognition and degradation of mRNAs con- taining premature termination codons (PTCs). The recognition of PTC-containing mRNAs by the hUpf complex in mammalian cells is promoted by the splicing dependent exon-junction complex (EJC), with which hUpf3 interacts. Following the recognition of PTCs, the hUpf complex is believed to disrupt mRNP structure to prevent further translation and trigger mRNA decay. Emerging evidence suggests that hSmg proteins involved in phosphorylation and de- phosphorylation of hUpf1 may play a key role in delivering PTC-containing mRNAs to the mRNA decay machinery. Introduction In recent years the cellular machinery that identifies mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs) and subjects them to NMD has been characterized in several eukaryotes. The NMD machinery has the capability to discriminate PTC-containing mRNAs from normal mRNAs, and to inhibit translation and activate decay of the NMD target mRNAs. The three Upf (Up-frameshift) proteins, Upf1, Upf2 and Upf3, work at the heart of this pathway in all organisms studied. The Upf proteins were first discovered in yeast, 1-3 and orthologs have sub- sequently been identified in other eukaryotes. 4 The conservation across species is highest for Upf1 and lower for Upf2 and Upf3. 4 However, despite this conservation, mechanistic differ- ences may exist between various organisms in how PTCs are recognized by the NMD machin- ery. 5 In this chapter, we discuss the current understanding of the role of Upf proteins in the recognition of mRNAs that are targeted for NMD in humans, and how these proteins may shunt the mRNA from the translational pool to the mRNA decay machinery. Evidence That Upf Proteins Are Involved in the Human NMD Pathway It is now well established that human Upf (referred to as hUpf hereafter) proteins play an essential role in NMD. Initial evidence came from identification of the human ortholog to yeast Upf1p based on sequence similarity. 6,7 Several residues of yeast Upf1p that are essential for NMD were found to be conserved in hUpf1. An arginine-to-cysteine mutation at residue 844 was shown to create a dominant-negative form of hUpf1 that impairs NMD in human cells. 8 A similar mutation was earlier shown to inhibit NMD in yeast. 9 Subsequently, hUpf2 and hUpf3, the human orthologs to the other two essential yeast NMD proteins, were identified. The demonstration that they interact with hUpf1 implicated these two proteins in the human
Exploring growth in vertical inter‐firm relationships: small‐medium firms supplying multiple food retailers

This paper presents new insights into the growth of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) engaged in vertical inter‐firm relationships. It adopts a processual and resource‐based perspective and focuses on the experiences of fresh produce businesses which have achieved high rates of growth while supplying the UK’s large multiple food retailers. The context in which these suppliers operate is shown to be a complex and dynamic supply chain, characterised by increasing structural concentration and close vertical linkages. The primary research investigates how certain SMEs have prospered in an apparently “hostile” environment. It includes a programme of matched‐depth interviews, conducted across the retailer‐supplier dyad. Content analysis of transcripts reveals six factors which appear to be strongly associated with the formation of “successful” relationships. In subsequent interactions, securing “developmental” supplier status appears to open the way to a self‐reinforcing cycle of Penrosian learning and reinvestment. This cycle contributes to growth in the supplier firm. The authors argue that, with certain crucial caveats, growth‐oriented SMEs can develop mutually beneficial relationships with much larger “customer” firms. The paper concludes by drawing out wider policy implications and indicating how this contextualised approach might be used in other contexts.
Predicting dual-mode and dual-link UE BER performance based on its local realistic MIMO antenna

A general approach for effectively predicting dual-mode and dual-link user equipment (DMDL-UE) BER performance is presented in this paper based on the UE local realistic Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. A DMDL-UE simulation system model is proposed using the MIMO antenna, which shows good S-parameters within the GSM and TD-LTE band. By evaluating the system bit error rate (BER) performance, it is concluded that the sensitivity of TD-LTE link will be greatly affected by the local GSM interference, and that the sensitivity loss of TD-LTE receiver can be effectively reduced by improving isolation of the MIMO antenna.
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FOUR ∼600 K T DWARFS

We present Spitzer 7.6–14.5 μm spectra of ULAS J003402.77−005206.7 and ULAS J133553.45+113005.2, two T9 dwarfs with the latest spectral types currently known. We fit synthetic spectra and photometry to the near- through mid-infrared energy distributions of these dwarfs and that of the T8 dwarf 2MASS J09393548−2448279. We also analyze near-infrared data for another T9, CFBD J005910.82−011401.3. We find that the ratio of the mid- to near-infrared fluxes is very sensitive to effective temperature at these low temperatures, and that the 2.2 μm and 4.5 μm fluxes are sensitive to metallicity and gravity; increasing gravity has a similar effect to decreasing metallicity, and vice versa, and there is a degeneracy between these parameters. The 4.5 μm and 10 μm fluxes are also sensitive to vertical transport of gas through the atmosphere, which we find to be significant for these dwarfs. The full near- through mid-infrared spectral energy distribution allows us to constrain the effective temperature (K)/gravity (ms−2)/metallicity ([m/H] dex) of ULAS J0034−00 and ULAS J1335+11 to 550–600/100–300/0.0–0.3 and 500–550/100–300/0.0–0.3, respectively. These fits imply low masses and young ages for the dwarfs of 5–20 MJupiter and 0.1–2 Gyr. The fits to 2MASS J0939−24 are in good agreement with the measured distance, the observational data, and the earlier T8 near-infrared spectral type if it is a slightly metal-poor 4–10 Gyr old system consisting of a 500 K and 700 K, ∼25 MJupiter and ∼40 MJupiter, pair, although it is also possible that it is an identical pair of 600 K, 30 MJupiter, dwarfs. As no mid-infrared data are available for CFBD J0059−01 its properties are less well constrained; nevertheless it appears to be a 550–600 K dwarf with g= 300–2000 ms−2 and [m/H] = 0–0.3 dex. These properties correspond to mass and age ranges of 10–50 MJupiter and 0.5–10 Gyr for this dwarf.
Wireless power charging on electric vehicles

This paper presents wireless power charging to a electric vehicle (EV) focusing on resonant topology. The charging system is described and set up using the resonance coupling effect and single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) for a low DC charging. The transmitting power is applied at a frequency of 6.78 MHz across a gap in the short range between 10 cm to 20 cm. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency up to 80 % from transmitter to receiver. The EV charging using wireless charging has been confirmed with park and ride demonstration at 10 W power charging scale. The real time of wireless power charging can be monitored via Zigbee system. This work shows not only the possibility of wireless power charging, but also the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issue is taken into account.
A rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the analysis of metronidazole in human plasma: application to single dose pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies

A sensitive, accurate and rapid reverse phase HPLC method was developed to quantitate plasma levels of metronidazole in order to conduct a comparative bioavailability studies. The drug and internal standard were added to plasma samples, vortexed and then zinc sulfate solution was added in order to precipitate the plasma proteins. Samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant layer was separated and analyzed on a phenyl (300 × 4.6mm) column, with 5% acetonitrile in 0.1 M KH2PO4 buffer (pH = 4.5) at 324 nm. The standard curve covering 0.15 – 30 µg/ml concentration range, was linear (r 2 = 0.9999), relative errors were within 2.48 to 9.15 % and the CV% ranged from 2.999 to 10.796. The method is suitable for bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, and bioequivalent studies in human. The in-vivo study was carried out in 12 healthy volunteers according to a single dose, two-sequence, cross over randomized design. The bioavailability was compared using the total area under the plasma level versus time curve (AUC0-48, AUC0-�), peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to Cmax (Tmax). No statistically significant difference was found between the AUC0-� , Cmax and Tmax values of the test and reference, Flagyl ® (p > 0.05). The 90% CI for the ratio of the AUC0-� (0.94-1.07) and Cmax (0.88-1.03) and the logarithmically transformed AUC0-� (0.99-1.01) and Cmax (0.94-1.01) values of the generic product over those of Flagyl ® was calculated to be within the acceptable limit of 0.80-1.20 and 0.80-1.25, respectively. It was, therefore, concluded that the generic metronidazole was bioequivalent with the innovator formulation.
Is Sustainability Possible? A Review and Commentary on Empirical Studies of Program Sustainability

An important final step in the life cycles of programs and their evaluation involves assessing new programs’ or innovations’ sustainability. This review and synthesis of 19 empirical studies of the sustainability of American and Canadian health-related programs examines the extent of sustainability achieved and summarizes factors contributing to greater sustainability. Three definitions for measuring sustainability were examined: continued program activities (18 studies), continued measured benefits or outcomes for new clients (2 studies), and maintained community capacity (6 studies). Methods of studying sustainability were also assessed. In 14 of 17 studies covering the continuation of program activities, at least 60% of sites reported sustaining at least one program component. Although these studies’ methods had substantial limitations, cross-study analysis showed consistent support for five important factors influencing the extent of sustainability: (a) A program can be modified over time, (b) a “champion” is present, (c) a program “fits” with its organization’s mission and procedures, (d) benefits to staff members and/or clients are readily perceived, and (e) stakeholders in other organizations provide support.
The Toxicity of 10 W-40 Motor Oil on Zebrafish Early Life Stages

In this study, toxicity of water associated fraction of 10W-40 motor oil was investigated during the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). In 1.5-hour post fertilization (hpf), the fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to the oil fraction (1.25, 2.5, 5.0,10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 v/v) and were followed through 24, 48, and 72 hpf. The morphological endpoints of development toxicity of the oil in zebrafish embryos were observed under a stereomicroscope. Higher concentrations caused acute lethal effects, and lower concentrations caused sublethal effects, such as incomplete gastrulation, tail curvature, weak pigmentation, head malformation, pericardial edema, vertebra column defect and scoliosis. Moreover, with the increase of the oil concentration, the malformation rate increased. The hatching rate and body length were also decreased. Finally, it was found that the water associated fraction of 10W-40 motor oil affected the normal embryonic development of zebrafish.
Myths and Challenges in Knowledge Extraction and Big Data Analysis on Human-Generated Content from Web and Social Media Sources

Whatever people produce on digital media can be a relevant source of knowledge and behavioural analysis. This is the subject of interest of a wide part of the new discipline known as Web Science. However, special care must be exercised when setting up studies on this kind of sources. Indeed, these studies rarely satisfy the established scientific method guidelines, because of the nature and size of the data, as well as because of the bias and scarce generalizability of results. This paper identifies some of the most crucial challenges that need to be addressed when tackling knowledge extraction and data analysis out of observational studies on human-generated content.