Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric assay for detecting mechanical damage to weed seeds

Abstract Weed seeds with mechanical damage are more susceptible to mortality in soil than nondamaged seeds. In this study we introduce a colorimetric assay to distinguish mechanically damaged weed seeds from nondamaged weed seeds. Our objectives were to 1) compare steepates from mechanically damaged seeds against steepates from nondamaged seeds for their capacities to reduce resazurin—a nontoxic, water-soluble dye that changes color and light absorbance properties in response to pH; and 2) use light absorbance data from steepate-resazurin solutions to create classification trees for distinguishing damaged from nondamaged weed seeds. Species in this study included barnyardgrass, curly dock, junglerice, kochia, oakleaf datura, Palmer amaranth, spurred anoda, stinkgrass, tall morningglory, and yellow foxtail. Seeds of each species were subjected to mechanical damage treatments that collectively represented a range of damage severities. Damaged and nondamaged seeds were individually soaked in water to produce steepates that were combined with resazurin. Light absorbance properties of steepate-resazurin solutions indicated that for all species except kochia, damaged seeds reduced resazurin to greater extents than nondamaged seeds. Prediction accuracy rates for classification trees that used absorbance values as predictor variables were conditioned by species and damage type. Prediction accuracy rates were relatively low (66% to 86% accurate) for lightly damaged seeds, especially grass weed seeds. Prediction accuracy rates were high (91% to 99% accurate) for severely damaged seeds of specific broadleaf and grass weeds. Steepate-resazurin solutions that successfully separated seeds took no more than 32 h to produce. The results of this study indicate that the resazurin assay is a method for quickly distinguishing damaged from nondamaged weed seeds. Because rapid assessments of seed intactness may accelerate the development of tactics for reducing the number of weed seeds in soil, we advocate further development of resazurin assays by laboratories studying methods for weed seedbank depletion. Nomenclature: barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ECHCG; curly dock, Rumex crispus L. RUMCR; junglerice, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link ECHCO; kochia, Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott KCHSC; oakleaf datura, Datura quercifolia Kunth DATFE; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson AMAPA; spurred anoda, Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. ANVCR; stinkgrass, Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch ERAME; tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth PHBPU; yellow foxtail, Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. SETPU
Theory of mind deficit in adolescents with major depressive disorder

Objective: This study aims to investigate the two aspects of ToM (social-perceptual and social-cognitive) by comparing patients with major depressive disorder with in adolescents a healthy control group. Methods: The study included 30 adolescent patients with major depression and 31 healthy volunteers matched with patients in terms of age and educational stage. All participants were administered a form for sociodemographic and clinical information and then Kiddie-SADS (Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia), Kovacs Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI), The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Chil-dren-Revised (WISC-R), Smarties Test, Ice Cream Van Test, Hinting Test and Eyes Test were performed. Results: ToM deficit was found in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the parameters of the CDI, SCARED, Ice Cream Van test, Hinting test, and Eyes test. The WISC-R verbal scores of the patients were significantly correlated with the Eyes test. There was a significant relationship between the patients depression scale for children and the ice cream van test. Conclusion: In addition to the literature, this study showed us that both dimensions of ToM may be impaired in adolescents with major depression.
Xilinx System Generator-Based Rapid Prototyping of Solid-State Transformer for On-Grid Renewable Energy Integration

At present, there is a need for reliable, sustainable and effective integration of distributed energy sources into the utility grid. Excess heating, derating due to harmonics, and so on are the major drawbacks of the conventional transformers. Such drawbacks led to the development of solid-state transformers (SSTs). This article focuses on Xilinx system generator (XSG)-based rapid prototyping of SST. Here, a single active bridge (SAB) is used for integrating renewable energy sources with the utility grid. For safe starting and mode selection with effective protection schemes of the SST, a dedicated algorithm is developed and implemented in XSG along with the controllers. The various controllers for the stable operation of the SST are implemented in the XSG. A 3-kVA, 400-V, $3\varphi $ laboratory prototype of the SST is fabricated. The developed prototype is tested successfully, and the results are presented in this article. The faster control execution with parallel operation at a clock frequency of 40 MHz on a controller platform enables reliable operation of the system, which is highly susceptible to sudden dynamic conditions. A study on the effect of cooling system on the efficiency of the SST has been conducted and the results are reported.
Controversies related to the use of agents with a potential anticancer activity

stycznej regularnie pojawiały się informacje o odkryciu efektu przeciwnowotworowego powszechnie stosowanych leków nieonkologicznych. Doniesienia dotyczące takich leków, jak m.in. statyny, inhibitory COX-2 czy inhibitory ACE spotykały się często z dużym zainteresowaniem onkologów. Pomimo wielu dowodów na efektywność ww. leków w przedklinicznych modelach choroby nowotworowej i retrospektywnych badaniach populacyjnych, w nielicznych przeprowadzonych do tej pory prospektywnych badaniach klinicznych rzadko udawało się tę skuteczność potwierdzić. Na podstawie badań przeklinicznych i populacyjnych uważa się, że inhibitory ACE hamują rozwój doświadczalnych nowotworów złośliwych oraz zmniejszają względne ryzyko populacyjne wystąpienia choroby nowotworowej. Takie działanie wydaje się uwarunkowane aktywowaniem mechanizmów antyproliferacyjnych, proapoptotycznych i antyangiogennych. W przeprowadzonych badaniach oceniano efekt przeciwnowotworowy kaptoprilu w nowotworach immunogennych – w mysich modelach raka nerki RenCa oraz mięsaka indukowanego metylocholentranem MethA. Niespodziewanie wykazano, że kaptopril skracał czas przeżycia zwierząt, promując wzrost i progresję nowotworów immunogennych u myszy z prawidłowo funkcjonującym układem immunologicznym. Obserwowany efekt był zależny od upośledzenia swoistej, funkcjonalnej odpowiedzi przeciwnowotworowej zależnej od cytotoksycznych limfocytów T CD8+. Przeprowadzone badania są kolejnym dowodem na to, że stosowanie leków o potencjalnym działaniu przeciwnowotworowym nie może być oparte tylko i wyłącznie na badaniach przedklinicznych i retrospektywnych badaniach populacyjnych, ale wymaga przeprowadzenia ściśle kontrolowanych, prospektywnych badań klinicznych.
Estrategias empresariales de las navieras ante el nuevo escenario de Alianzas Marítimas

Introducción: El sector del transporte marítimo se ha caracterizado por un comportamiento cooperativo, a través de una colaboración e integración vertical y horizontal, en el cual las navieras se presentan como los principales actores en el escenario de concentración marítima. Optando por desarrollar una estrategia de alianzas que les permiten beneficiarse de las economías de escala y ampliar su cobertura geográfica mediante la planificación y coordinación conjunta de los buques a escala global; ofertando un mejor servicio. Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es dilucidar las posibles estrategias a seguir por las navieras para continuar en el camino del crecimiento y lograr una mayor estabilidad en un entorno caracterizado por la globalización, cambiante y en constante evolución. Metodología: se analizan las características internas y la situación externa (DAFO) a través de un análisis CAME, partiendo de la información obtenida de realizar un panel Delphi Resultados: Las fortalezas adquiridas por las navieras, que integran las diversas alianzas, les conduce a establecer una estrategia defensiva (Fortalezas – Amenazas) – ofensiva (primer cuadrante, Fortalezas – Oportunidades) para mantener su supremacía en el sector. Conclusiones: La cooperación e integración horizontal de las navieras ha dibujado un escenario de concentración, en el que las navieras más importantes (top 10) pertenecen a alguna de las alianzas establecidas. Fruto de esta concentración las navieras presentan un mayor poder de negociación que les permite mitigar las fluctuaciones presentes en el precio del petróleo y aprovechar las nuevas oportunidades que presenta el mercado como las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al seguimiento y manipulación de la mercancía.
Interpreting the High Energy Consumption of the Brain at Rest

The notion that the brain has a resting state mode of functioning has received increasing attention in recent years. The idea derives from experimental observations that showed a relatively spatially and temporally uniform high level of neuronal activity when no explicit task was being performed. Surprisingly, the total energy consumption supporting neuronal firing in this conscious awake baseline state is orders of magnitude larger than the energy changes during stimulation. This paper presents a novel and counterintuitive explanation of the high energy consumption of the brain at rest obtained using the recently developed intelligence and embodiment hypothesis. This hypothesis is based on evolutionary neuroscience and postulates the existence of a common information-processing principle associated with nervous systems that evolved naturally and serves as the foundation from which intelligence can emerge and to the efficiency of brain’s computations. The high energy consumption of the brain at rest is shown to be the result of the energetics associated to the most probable state of a statistical physics model aimed at capturing the behavior of a system constrained by power consumption and evolutionary designed to minimize metabolic demands.
STUDI PERAN SELF EFFICACY DAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL TERHADAP KNOWLEDGE DONATING DAN KINERJA GURU

Terciptanya pendidikan yang berkualitas diperlukan kinerja guru untuk berbagi pengetahuan yaitu dengan menyumbangkan pengetahuan kepada guru lainnya ( knowledge donating ) sehingga mampu melibatkan peran yang berbeda terkait dengan penyedia dan peneriman pengetahuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris dan menganalisis pengaruh self efficacy dan kompetensi profesional terhadap kinerja guru denga knowledge donating sebagai variabel intervening. Hasil penyebaran kuesioner kepada 119 guru pada Sekolah Yayasan Islam Teuku Umar Semarang diperoleh jumlah sampel sebesar 98 responden. Alat analisisnya adalah Partial Least Square. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa self efficacy dan kompetensi profesional mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap knowledge donating . Sedangkan self efficacy, kompetensi profesional dan knowledge donating juga terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru. Knowledge donating terbukti mampu menjadi variabel intervening antara self efficacy dan kompetensi profesional terhadap kinerja guru. The creation of quality education requires the performance of teachers to share knowledge by contributing knowledge to other teachers (knowledge donating) so as to be able to involve different roles related to the provider and recipient of knowledge. This study aims to examine empirically and analyze the effect of self efficacy and professional competence on teacher performance with knowledge donation as an intervening variable. The results of distributing questionnaires to 119 teachers at the Teuku Umar Islamic Foundation School Semarang obtained a sample of 98 respondents. The analysis tool is Partial Least Square. The test results show that self efficacy and professional competence have a positive influence on knowledge donating. While self efficacy, professional competence and knowledge donation also proved to have an effect on teacher performance. Knowledge donation proved to be able to be an intervening variable between self efficacy and professional competence on teacher performance.
Señal acústica y redescripción de Gongrocnemis (Gongrocnemis) munda Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

En los ortopteros de la superfamilia Tettigonioidea las senales acusticas son de especial interes, ya que juegan un papel importante en el apareamiento y estan involucradas en el reconocimiento intraespecifico macho-hembra. La senal acustica de llamado permite al macho atraer individuos del sexo opuesto a corta o larga distancia. En este trabajo se presenta la senal acustica de llamado de Gongrocnemis ( Gongrocnemis ) munda (Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) y se hace una breve redescripcion de esta especie, en particular de la hembra, no descrita previamente. Ejemplares de G . ( G .) munda se recolectaron en San Felipe Orizatlan (1♂: 1♀; 27.XI.2017) e Ixcatlan, Huejutla de Reyes (2♂: 2♀; 22.I.2013), Hidalgo, Mexico. G . ( G .) mexican a se recolecto en Cd. del Maiz, San Luis Potosi (1♀; 19.VII.2003). Los machos producen la senal acustica de llamado principalmente durante la noche y esta compuesta por pares de equemas que se emiten ininterrumpidamente por periodos de una hora o mas. Machos de G . ( G .) munda producen 6.0 ± 0.9 (d.e) equemas/min ( n= 30 min; tres machos, 10 min cada uno). La duracion por equema-par es de 3.97 ± (d.e) 1.2 s (2.7-8.0 s) ( n= 30 equemas-pares). El analisis de frecuencia muestra la mayor liberacion de energia de 16-40 kHz, con una fi pico de 20-38 kHz. La hembra es similar al macho, pero mas robusta. El color general del cuerpo es verde olivaceo con matices color crema y manchas marron obscuro. La longitud es de 32.7 ± 1.5 mm ( n =3). Esta especie habita selva mediana y bosque de encino, se encuentra generalmente sobre la copa o el tronco de los arboles. Durante el dia permanecen quietos y ocultos, siendo activos por la noche.
Nematodos fitoparásitos asociados al cultivo de quinua en la región de Puno-Perú

Fitoparasitos como los nematodos atacan sin dar senales de sintomatologia, en tanto pueden llegar a impedir el paso de nutrientes y el normal crecimiento de la planta. En la region de Puno el genero Globodera spp. es el que ocasiona mas perdidas, en cambio no existen reportes para Meloidogyne spp. siendo asi el objetivo de la presente investigacion identificar los diferentes generos de nematodos fitoparasitos en el cultivo de quinua en las principales zonas de produccion de la region de Puno. Se realizo una recoleccion de muestras de suelo en las provincias de Puno, Huancane, San Roman, Chucuito, Collao, Yunguyo y Azangaro. La extraccion de nematodos de muestras de suelo fue realizada por el metodo de fluctuacion centrifuga con sacarosa y montadas en laminas permanentes para estudios morfologicos. Los generos de nematodos fitoparasitos identificados fueron Meloidogyn e spp, Nacobbus spp. , Pratylenchus spp. , Helicotylenchus spp. , Mesocriconema spp. , Xiphinema spp. , Dorylaimus spp. , Hemiciclyophora spp. , Globodera spp. y nematodos de vida libre. Cabe destacar que el genero de mayor presencia en quinua en todas las muestras fue Globodera spp. Palabras claves: Chenopodium quinoa , caracterizacion morfologica, fitonematodos, manejo. ABSTRACT Phytoparasites such as nematodes attack without showing signs of symptoms, while they can prevent the passage of nutrients and the normal growth of the plant. In the region of Puno, the genus Globodera spp. is the most important pest, however there are no reports for Meloidogyne spp. Thus, the objective of this research is to identify the different genera of phytoparasite nematodes in the cultivation of quinoa in the main production areas of the Puno region. Soil samples were collected in the provinces of Puno, Huancane, San Roman, Chucuito, Collao, Yunguyo and Azangaro. Nematode extraction from soil samples was carried out by the centrifugal fluctuation method with sucrose and mounted on permanent sheets for morphological studies. The genera of phytoparasite nematodes identified were Meloidogyne spp. , Nacobbus spp. , Pratylenchus spp. , Helicotylenchus spp. , Mesocriconema spp. , Xiphinema spp. , Dorylaimus spp. , Hemiciclyophora spp. , Globodera spp. and free-living nematodes. It should be noted that the genus with the highest presence in quinoa in all samples was Globodera spp. Keywords: Chenopodium quinoa , morphological characterization, nematodes plant parasitic, management.
P683 Infliximab, adalimumab and vedolizumab levels are not altered by pregnancy progression in IBD patients and neonatal vedolizumab levels are lower than in mothers: Results from the PICCOLO study

Optimal timing for the last intrapartum dose of biologic agents is controversial. We established that cord blood levels of anti-TNF agents in exposed infants are greater than maternal levels,1 and another study with limited observations suggested maternal infliximab (IFX) levels increased in pregnancy but adalimumab (ADA) levels did not.2 The effect of pregnancy on vedolizumab (VDZ) levels, and placental transfer and time to clearance of VDZ in exposed infants remain undefined. We performed a prospective observational study of maternal anti-TNF and VDZ levels pre-conception, in each trimester of pregnancy, at delivery and post-partum where possible. Women with IBD on IFX, ADA or VDZ who were pregnant or planning pregnancy were recruited. Serum trough IFX and ADA levels were measured by ELISA (Q-INFLIXI and Q-ADA (Matriks Biotek, Turkey) or Promonitor (Grifols, Spain)) and VDZ levels by ELISA (Theradiag, France). Infant VDZ levels were measured from the umbilical cord at delivery and at around 6–8 weeks and 3 months to assess time to clearance. Forty-nine patients (24 IFX, 14 ADA, 11 VDZ) with at least two observations on stable dosing were included. The median number of levels per patient was 3 (range 2–5). Infliximab cohort (n = 24): Median IFX levels were stable (Figure 1). IFX was administered 6–8 weekly at doses of 5 mg/kg (n = 21) or 10 mg/kg (n = 2) except for one patient on 4-weekly dosing. The last dose was given at a median 32 weeks; 3 remain pregnant. Adalimumab cohort (n = 14): Median ADA levels were stable (Figure 1). Twelve were on ADA fortnightly and 2 on weekly. Eleven continued ADA throughout pregnancy and 3 stopped at 30–33 weeks; 2 remain pregnant. Three patients were induced in pregnancy at least 12 weeks before the earliest ADA level. Vedolizumab cohort (n = 11): Trough VDZ levels were stable (Figure 2). Eight patients were on 8-weekly dosing and three were on 4-weekly. The last dose was given at a median 30 weeks; 4 remain pregnant (Patients H-K). Vedolizumab in infants (n = 8): The median VDZ cord blood level was 4.95 (1–19) μg/ml with a median infant:maternal ratio of 0.6 (0.4–0.9). VDZ was cleared at 8 weeks of age in three infants and by 15 weeks in two infants. The stability of maternal levels of IFX, ADA and VDZ during pregnancy indicate that intrapartum dosing adjustment and routine therapeutic drug monitoring for patients in remission are not needed. Unlike anti-TNF, infant VDZ levels were lower in cord blood than in mothers and were cleared by 15 weeks.
An Exploration of Registered Nurse Preparation for Safe Medication Management

This descriptive study examined the perceptions of new graduate registered nurses (RNs) about medication error identification, causes, and reporting; as well as the nursing education and workplace orientation experiences they believed prepared them to safely manage medications. The study also explored how prelicensure RN nursing education and hospital orientation programs in North Carolina (NC) prepared nurses to manage medications safely. The theory of situated cognition provided the organizing framework. Data were collected from the three participant groups (new graduate RNs, schools of nursing, and hospitals) using online surveys, and respondents included 131 new graduate RNs, 35 schools of nursing, and 20 hospitals/hospital systems in NC. Descriptive analyses of data from the modified Gladstone scale revealed that nurses were confident in their ability to identify and report a medication error, but inconsistently identified or reported errors when presented with medication management scenarios. Distinct differences were found between the content topics, teaching strategies, activities, and equipment used by nursing education and workplace orientation programs to teach or review medication management and what was identified as effective preparation experiences by new graduate RNs. An opportunity for improvement in nurse preparation for safe medication management was identified based on the differences between nurse-reported effective experiences for safe medication management preparation and what is being provided by nursing education and orientation programs. Implementing teaching strategies students identified as effective, such as increasing interactive experiences, use of real-world case scenarios, and clinical problem-solving, into the classroom may create a better fit with current student learning styles and ultimately safer nursing care.
An electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) for the inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation solutions

Abstract: Boron-doped diamond anodes and stainless-steel cathodes were employed in an electrochemical flow cell and evaluated for inactivation efficacy on the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn [Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk] in hydroponic fertigation water. The electrochemical system showed promise as an electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) in that significant reductions in R. solani (AG-8) were achieved; however, to achieve complete inactivation the system required supplemental chloride (20 mg L-1), while using 9.09 mA cm-2. The chloride allowed for low levels of free chlorine (≤0.17 mg L-1) that were more active in the bulk solution, complementing the electrode surface EAOP reactions. Perchlorate production was an initial concern but was found to be negligible under the conditions tested. Small but significant increases in nitrate, ammonium, and sulphate were observed following treatment. These increases are hypothesized to originate from the degradation of proteins and amino acids released during pathogen cell disruption.
Sessizliğin Kaldırılması ve Konuşmanın Parçalara Ayrılması İşleminin Türkçe Otomatik Konuşma Tanıma Üzerindeki Etkisi

ÖZET Otomatik Konuşma Tanıma sistemleri temel olarak akustik bilgiden faydalanılarak geliştirilmektedir. Akustik bilgiden fonem bilgisinin elde edilmesi için eşleştirilmiş konuşma ve metin verileri kullanılmaktadır. Bu veriler ile eğitilen akustik modeller gerçek hayattaki bütün akustik bilgiyi modelleyememektedir. Bu nedenle belirli ön işlemlerin yapılması ve otomatik konuşma tanıma sistemlerinin başarımını düşürecek akustik bilgilerin ortadan kaldırılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada konuşma içerisinde geçen sessizliklerin kaldırılması için bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemin amacı sessizlik bilgisinin ortadan kaldırılması ve akustik bilgide uzun bağımlılıklar sağlayan konuşmaların parçalara ayrılmasıdır. Geliştirilen yöntemin sonunda elde edilen sessizlik içermeyen ve parçalara ayrılan konuşma bilgisi bir Türkçe Otomatik Konuşma Tanıma sistemine girdi olarak verilmiştir. Otomatik Konuşma Tanıma sisteminin çıkışında sisteme giriş olarak verilen konuşma parçalarına karşılık gelen metinler birleştirilerek sunulmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen deneylerde sessizliğin kaldırılması ve konuşmanın parçalara ayrılması işleminin Otomatik Konuşma Tanıma sistemlerinin başarımını artırdığı görülmüştür.