Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self‐Repairing Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells with a Breakthrough Efficiency Over 11%

The development of tin (Sn)‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is hindered by their lower power conversion efficiency and poorer stability compared to the lead‐based ones, which arise from the easy oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. Herein, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHCl) is introduced into FASnI3 (FA = NH2CH  NH2+) perovskite films to reduce the existing Sn4+ and prevent the further degradation of FASnI3, since PHCl has a reductive hydrazino group and a hydrophobic phenyl group. Consequently, the device achieves a record power conversion efficiency of 11.4% for lead‐free PSCs. Besides, the unencapsulated device displays almost no efficiency reduction in a glove box over 110 days and shows efficiency recovery after being exposed to air, due to a proposed self‐repairing trap state passivation process.
FINDINGS OF THE IWSLT 2020 EVALUATION CAMPAIGN

The evaluation campaign of the International Conference on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT 2020) featured this year six challenge tracks: (i) Simultaneous speech translation, (ii) Video speech translation, (iii) Offline speech translation, (iv) Conversational speech translation, (v) Open domain translation, and (vi) Non-native speech translation. A total of teams participated in at least one of the tracks. This paper introduces each track’s goal, data and evaluation metrics, and reports the results of the received submissions.
The Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia: a conservation success story

In 1960, the Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia was almost extinct in the wild and the captive population, with poor reproduction and survival, was not well established. In the 1970s, after many improvements, the captive population began to grow and the Poco das Antas Biological Reserve was created to protect the species. In the 1980s, long-term research was begun on the demography and socio-ecology of the Golden lion tamarins, along with community environmental education and a reintroduction programme of captive-born animals (initially in the reserve, later in neighbouring private forests). About 30 zoos contributed the 146 captive-born reintroduced tamarins, and provided information on social behaviour, nutrition and health that was critical to developing reintroduction strategies. In 1994, threatened groups isolated in small fragments were rescued and translocated to a protected forest. Both programmes have been successful as measured by survival and reproduction after release, and both techniques have established growing populations. Although new threats (introduction of exotic primates) continue to challenge our efforts to preserve the species, there is no doubt of the success of almost 30 years of the Golden Lion Tamarin Conservation Programme.
Tumoricidal Potential of Novel Amino-1,10-phenanthroline Derived Imine Ligands: Chemical Preparation, Structure, and Biological Investigations

Herein we report the synthesis and structural elucidation of two novel imine-based ligands, 2-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)imino)methyl)-5-bromophenol (PIB) and N-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)-1-(thiophen-3-yl)methanimine (PTM) ligands. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay of the synthesized molecules was carried out against breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancer cell lines as well as immortalized human keratinocytes. The observations indicated that both the molecules possesses dose-dependent selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells with no detrimental effect on the normal cell lines. Furthermore, the detailed computational analysis of newly synthetized ligands (PIB and PTM) has been conducted in order to identify their most important parts from the perspective of local reactivity. The IC50 values of PIB treatment on MCF-7, HeLa, HCT-116 and PC-3 were 15.10, 16.25, 17.88, 17.55 and 23.86 micromoles, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 values of PTM on MCF-7, HeLa, HCT-116, PC-3 and HaCat were observed to be 14.82, 15.03, 17.88, 17.28 and 21.22 micromoles, respectively. For computational analysis, we have employed the combination of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and MD simulations. DFT calculations provided us with information about structure and reactivity descriptors based on the electron distribution. Surfaces of molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and averaged local ionization energy (ALIE) indicated the sites within studied molecules that are most reactive. These results indicated the importance of nitrogen atoms and OH group. Additionally, the values of bond dissociation for hydrogen abstraction showed that both molecules, especially the PTM, are stable toward the influence of autoxidation mechanism. On the other side, MD simulations gave us an insight how ligands interact with water molecules. Namely, the radial distribution functions (RDF) indicated that the hydrogen atom of the OH group in the case of the PIB has the most pronounced interactions with water.
Apprentissage discriminant des modèles continus de traduction

Alors que les réseaux neuronaux occupent une place de plus en plus importante dans le traitement automatique des langues, les méthodes d’apprentissage actuelles utilisent pour la plupart des critères qui sont décorrélés de l’application. Cet article propose un nouveau cadre d’apprentissage discriminant pour l’estimation des modèles continus de traduction. Ce cadre s’appuie sur la définition d’un critère d’optimisation permettant de prendre en compte d’une part la métrique utilisée pour l’évaluation de la traduction et d’autre part l’intégration de ces modèles au sein des systèmes de traduction automatique. De plus, cette méthode d’apprentissage est comparée aux critères existants d’estimation que sont le maximum de vraisemblance et l’estimation contrastive bruitée. Les expériences menées sur la tâches de traduction des séminaires TED Talks de l’anglais vers le français montrent la pertinence d’un cadre discriminant d’apprentissage, dont les performances restent toutefois très dépendantes du choix d’une stratégie d’initialisation idoine. Nous montrons qu’avec une initialisation judicieuse des gains significatifs en termes de scores BLEU peuvent être obtenus.
Photon: A Robust Cross-Domain Text-to-SQL System

Natural language interfaces to databases(NLIDB) democratize end user access to relational data. Due to fundamental differences between natural language communication and programming, it is common for end users to issue questions that are ambiguous to the system or fall outside the semantic scope of its underlying query language. We present PHOTON, a robust, modular, cross-domain NLIDB that can flag natural language input to which a SQL mapping cannot be immediately determined. PHOTON consists of a strong neural semantic parser (63.2% structure accuracy on the Spider dev benchmark), a human-in-the-loop question corrector, a SQL executor and a response generator. The question corrector isa discriminative neural sequence editor which detects confusion span(s) in the input question and suggests rephrasing until a translatable input is given by the user or a maximum number of iterations are conducted. Experiments on simulated data show that the proposed method effectively improves the robustness of text-to-SQL system against untranslatable user input.The live demo of our system is available at http://www.naturalsql. com
Zero-shot North Korean to English Neural Machine Translation by Character Tokenization and Phoneme Decomposition

The primary limitation of North Korean to English translation is the lack of a parallel corpus; therefore, high translation accuracy cannot be achieved. To address this problem, we propose a zero-shot approach using South Korean data, which are remarkably similar to North Korean data. We train a neural machine translation model after tokenizing a South Korean text at the character level and decomposing characters into phonemes.We demonstrate that our method can effectively learn North Korean to English translation and improve the BLEU scores by +1.01 points in comparison with the baseline.
Tet DNA demethylase is required for plasma cell differentiation by controlling expression levels of IRF4.

Antibodies produced by plasma cells are critical for protection from infection. It has been demonstrated that global epigenetic modification, such as changes in DNA methylation, occurs during differentiation of plasma cells from B cells. However, the precise mechanisms by which DNA methylation controls plasma cell differentiation are not fully understood. We examined the effect of deficiency of DNA demethylases, Tet2 and Tet3, on B cell activation and plasma cell differentiation, by generating conditional Tet2/3 double KO (Tet dKO) B cells. We found that Tet dKO B cells failed to differentiate into plasma cells upon immunization with antigens. Tet dKO B cells proliferated normally and were capable of generating cells with IRF4int, but not with IRF4hi, the majority of which were CD138+ plasma cells. IRF4 overexpression rescued the defect of Tet dKO B cells in plasma cell differentiation, suggesting that Tet2/3-dependent high IRF4 expression is required for plasma cell differentiation. We identified CpG sites in Irf4 locus that were demethylated specifically in plasma cells and in Tet2/3-dependent manner. Our results suggest that Tet2/3-dependent demethylation of these CpG sites is dispensable for initial IRF4 expression but is essential for high IRF4 expression which is prerequisite for plasma cell differentiation.
Motor hyperactivation during cognitive tasks: An endophenotype of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common genetic generalized epilepsy syndrome. Myoclonus may relate to motor system hyperexcitability and can be provoked by cognitive activities. To aid genetic mapping in complex neuropsychiatric disorders, recent research has utilized imaging intermediate phenotypes (endophenotypes). Here, we aimed to (a) characterize activation profiles of the motor system during different cognitive tasks in patients with JME and their unaffected siblings, and (b) validate those as endophenotypes of JME.
Covariation of Morphology and Jumping Performance in Newly Metamorphosed Water Frogs: Effects of Larval Growth History

Abstract We examined the functional prediction of covariation between relative hind limb morphology and jumping performance for newly metamorphosed frogs from the hybridogenetic Rana esculenta complex. For the two parental species, R. lessonae and R. ridibunda, and three coexisting hybrid hemiclones (GUT1, GUT2, GUT3), we varied larval densities to test the relationship of morphology to performance at both the intraspecific and interspecific levels. Across all genotypes, frogs raised at low density were larger and jumped farther than those raised at high densities. Size-independent maximum jumping performance was repeatable for all hemiclones and species. Comparisons across densities indicated that covariation between morphology and performance matched the biomechanical prediction except for R. ridibunda. Rana ridibunda frogs raised at low larval density jumped relatively farther than those raised at high larval density but, in spite of differing growth environments, did not show differences in relative length of the hind limb. At the intraspecific level, significant performance gradients for hind limb length were found in the hemiclones GUT1 and GUT3 and in R. ridibunda at low larval density. Relative jumping performance of GUT2 and R. lessonae at low larval density and all genotypes at high larval density were not explained by the partial effect of any morphological trait. At the interspecific-interclonal level the biomechanical prediction was confirmed only at the high larval density. These results reveal a lack of congruence of the morphofunctional relationships both at different larval growth conditions within populations and also at intra- and interpecific levels.
ENXERTOS E SUBSTITUTOS ÓSSEOS EM CIRURGIA ORTOPÉDICA RECONSTRUTIVA NOS ANIMAIS DE COMPANHIA - UMA BREVE REVISÃO*

ABSTRACT. Dias M.I. R. , de Sousa C.M. P., de Carvalho P.M. P., Lempek M.R. , Viegas C.A. A. & de Azevedo J.M. T. [Bone grafts and substitutes in small animal orthopaedic reconstrutive surgery - A breaf review]. Enxertos e substitutos osseos em cirurgia ortopedica reconstrutiva nos animais de companhia - Uma breve revisao. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 35(4):339-350, 2013. Instituto de Ciencias da Vida e Saude, Grupo de Investigacao em Biomateriais, Biodegradaveis e Biomime- ticos, Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Escola das Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Tras-os-Montes, Portugal. E-mail: idias@utad.pt We present here an overview of the scientific literature concerning the clinical application of autografts and allografts of the skeletal tissues and of the natural and synthetic bone graft substitutes available in small animal orthopedic surgery for resolution of congenital, traumatic and tumoral etiology situations or for reconstructive artroplastic surgeries. This article focuses the terminology, definitions and characteristics of the bone grafts and bone graft substitutes based in their functions and composition, the process of incorporation of the bone grafts and bone graft substitutes, the collection of autogenous cancellous or corticocancellous bone for grafting, the available commercial forms of bone graft or bone graft substitutes and the biologic/synthetic composite grafts, other accessible options in small animal orthopedic surgery with osteogenic and/ or osteoindutive characteristics (ex. collection and use of the autogenous bone marrow or platelet rich plasma), the principal clinical indications and surgical techniques in which are recommended the use of bone graft and/or bone graft substitutes and how to select the best option for each specific clinical case. At last, the future perspectives in reconstructive orthopedic surgery are also pointed, namely the tissue engineering of bone and cartilage tissues and the medical three dimensional biomodulation.
Effect of Weight Gain on Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Perfusion: Human Fat Goes With the Flow.

In this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Emanuel et al1 present an intriguing paper regarding alterations in adipose tissue (AT) blood flow in response to a short-term hypercaloric diet (HCD). Insulin increases blood flow by dilating conduit arteries and recruiting the microvasculature. This serves to increase concentrations of insulin and nonsoluble macronutrients in the interstitial fluid for target organ uptake. In skeletal muscle (SM), insulin increases blood flow by stimulating capillary endothelial nitric oxide production via the IR (insulin receptor)/PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/ Akt/eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) pathway2 (Figure). This effect is blunted in obesity and before the development of insulin resistance.3 In mice fed an HCD, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation is reduced in aortic endothelial cells before SM, liver, or visceral AT.4 Therefore, Emanuel et al1 hypothesized that SM blood flow may be reduced in subjects fed an HCD because of reduced insulin-stimulated NO production. This reduction in blood flow would protect SM from excess glucose and fat and allow it to be redirected to AT for storage.
Humanoid robots from the past to the present

This paper aims to provide technical details of humanoid robot developments from the 1970s to the present day and to consider their potential applications and prospects. ,Following an introduction, this first identifies the motivations for developing humanoid robots. It then provides a technical review of developments conducted between the 1970s and the late 2010s. The most recent developments and their applications are then discussed and the paper concludes with a brief consideration of future prospects. ,Since the first efforts to develop humanoid robots in Japan, the 1970s, the technology has attracted global interest and progress has been dramatic. Enabled by developments in computing, imaging, sensing, power sources, actuators and other technologies, today’s humanoid robots are agile, stable and capable of all manner of human-like capabilities such as running, climbing stairs and carrying heavy loads. Real-world uses in fields such as construction, assembly, disaster response and home assistance are expected to emerge in the near future as a result of application-specific developments. ,This illustrates the technological evolution of humanoid robots from their inception in the 1970s to the present day.
Evaluation of Four Herbicides for Management of American Frogbit (Limnobium spongia)

American frogbit (Limnobium spongia (Bosc) Steudel) is a native aquatic monocot found in the southern United States through Texas and up the eastern, coastal states to New Jersey (Gleason and Cronquist 1991). It exhibits two growth habits, a rooted emergent form and a free-floating rosette form (Tarver et al. 1988) and is generally found in marshes or slowly flowing waters (Aulbach-Smith and de Kozlowski 1990). Although a native plant, American frogbit can produce extensive floating mats and create nuisance situations, such as blocking navigation, affecting water quality, fish and wildlife habitat, and recreational usage. From a distance, these mats may be misidentified as waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms). In Texas, dense mats occurs as replacement vegetation following herbicide application using 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) to control waterhyacinth (R. Helton, TPWD, pers. comm.). It has been reported that American frogbit can be difficult to control with herbicides and that most control efforts in Florida have relied upon various herbicide tank mixtures (Langeland et al. 1995). The purpose of this small-scale study was to examine the efficacy of four aquatic herbicides for managing American frogbit.
Competitive Influence of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on Daphnia longispina Population Dynamics in the Presence of Cyanobacteria

The demographic response of Daphnia longispina to the presence of the competitive filter-feeder zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) was examined in a ten-day laboratory experiment. The experiment was carried out in five replicates of four treatments corresponding to zooplankton and zebra mussels presence/absence combinations. Our experiment revealed a negative influence of zebra mussels on D. longispina population growth, suggesting low recruitment caused by high mortality at juvenile stages. We observed a smaller loss of phytoplankton biomass in mussel treatments than in the zooplankton treatment. Additionally, the concentration of microcystins was from 3.5 to 4.3 times higher in mussel treatments than in the zooplankton treatment. We also observed that Daphnia excreted significantly more ammonia than zebra mussels but less phosphate. The high amount of phosphate excreted by zebra mussels might have facilitated M. aeruginosa development and resulted in a greater cyanobacteria biomass in the mussel treatments. These results suggest a negative impact of invasive zebra mussels on a keystone filter-feeding Daphnia spp. and a favourable effect of mussels on M. aeruginosa, by returning them back as pseudoceces, which may be important factors for the management of eutrophic freshwater ecosystems with cyanobacteria blooms.
Assessing the Content Validity of the EQ-5D Questionnaire Among Asians in Singapore: A Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION Although the EQ-5D questionnaire is widely used to measure health status internationally, there is little evidence of its content validity in Asian populations. This qualitative study aimed to explore the content validity of the EQ-5D in Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Singaporeans (Chinese: 20; Malay: 20; Indian: 20) completed semi-structured interviews in which they were asked about health concepts which were important to them and the relevance and comprehensiveness of the EQ-5D descriptive system (DS). Thematic analysis employing open, focused and axial coding was used to identify the themes and subthemes from the interviews. RESULTS A total of 70 health concepts were identified which fall into the broad categories of 'physical health', 'mental well-being', 'social relationships', 'medical conditions and treatment', and 'health promotion knowledge and behaviours'. The 5 dimensions in the EQ-5D DS were among the health concepts nominated by participants. Some participants suggested that content validity could be improved by adding social relationships, medical conditions and treatment, and health promotion knowledge and behaviours to the EQ-5D DS. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that EQ-5D dimensions are important and relevant aspects of health to Asians in Singapore, although some dimensions that could be important to Singaporeans are absent.
Role of magnesium ions on yeast performance during very high gravity fermentation

The advent of highly efficient, environmentally friendly and cost effective fermentation technology has given impetus to research in the field of optimizing nutritional parameters for optimum yeast fermentative performance. Very high gravity fermentation is a novel fermentation technology that provides an increased production capacity from same size fermentation facilities, with outstanding benefits that includes: high ethanol yield per fermentable mash, considerable savings in energy and process water usage, and effluents with low biological oxygen demand amongst others. Limitations to full commercialization of the technology have been attributed to deleterious effects of the fermentation condition on yeast physiology which include high osmotic stress and ethanol toxicity amongst others. The impact of these physiological stresses on yeast cells during high substrate fermentation manifest as sluggish and incomplete fermentation with high residual sugars in beer, reduced ethanol yield, disproportionate synthesis of esters and generation of respiratory deficient yeast crop. However, compelling evidence has implicated magnesium ions with numerous biological processes and more importantly, with the role of curtailing the impact of these stress conditions. Hence, this review highlights two potential stress conditions of very high gravity fermentation; their mechanism of inhibition versus yeast stress response mechanism, role of magnesium ions in yeast physiology and its impact on fermentation processes. The knowledge emphasized herein will be of practical importance to industrial fermentation processes, as it provides feasible clues to improving yeast fermentative performance under high substrate conditions - with perspectives to precise magnesium regulation in yeast. Key words: Very high gravity fermentation, osmotic stress, ethanol stress, yeast stress tolerance, magnesium ion.
Effect of type and amount of buffer addition to grass silage-based total mixed rations on milk production and composition

Abstract Thirty-six lactating cows were fed total mixed rations in two experiments to evaluate the effect of type and amount of buffer on milk production and composition and DM intake. Dietary treatments were for Experiment 1: 1) control (40% grass silage:60% concentrate), 2) control plus 1.2% sodium sesquicarbonate, and 3) control plus 1.2% sodium bicarbonate; and Experiment 2: 1) control (10% alfalfa hay:30% grass silage:60% concentrate), 2) control plus . 9% sodium sesquicarbonate, and 3) control plus 1.8% sodium sesquicarbonate. Increases in percentage milk fat were observed when either buffer was fed in experiment 1. Changes in percentage milk fat observed in Experiment 2 were not significantly different. No differences were observed in actual milk produced (Experiment 1 or 2), but 4% FCM was greatest in buffered diets of Experiment 1. In a third experiment, the pH of rumen fluid of fistulated steers was monitored for the first 8h after feeding the diets fed in Experiment 1. The pH of rumen fluid was maintained at pH 6 when both buffered rations were fed and significantly decreased when the control ration was fed. Data indicate that sodium sesquicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate are equally effective in their buffering capacity in vivo.