Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin Receptor-mediated Inhibition of Exocytotic Glutamate Release Confers Neuroprotection during Chemical Ischemia*

Erythropoietin (EPO) reduced Ca2+-induced glutamate (Glu) release from cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Inhibition was also produced by EPO mimetic peptide 1 (EMP1), a small synthetic peptide agonist of EPO receptor (EPO-R), but not by iEMP1, an inactive analogue of EMP1. EPO and EMP1 induced autophosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), a tyrosine kinase that associates with EPO-R. Furthermore, genistein, but not genistin, antagonized both the phosphorylation of JAK2 and the suppression of Glu release induced by EPO and EMP1. During chemical ischemia, substantial amounts of Glu were released from cultured cerebellar and hippocampal neurons by at least two distinct mechanisms. In the early phase, Glu release occurred by exocytosis of synaptic vesicle contents, because it was abolished by botulinum type B neurotoxin (BoNT/B). In contrast, the later phase of Glu release mainly involved a BoNT/B-insensitive non-exocytotic pathway. EMP1 inhibited Glu release only during the early exocytotic phase. A 20-min exposure of hippocampal slices to chemical ischemia induced neuronal cell death, especially in the CA1 region and the dentate gyrus, which was suppressed by EMP1 but not iEMP1. However, EMP1 did not attenuate neuronal cell death induced by exogenously applied Glu. These results suggest that activation of EPO-R suppresses ischemic cell death by inhibiting the exocytosis of Glu.
Transpalpebral tonometry: reliability and comparison with Goldmann applanation tonometry and palpation in healthy volunteers

Background/aim: TGDc-01 is a new, portable, transpalpebral tonometry device. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of this method, including intraobserver and interobserver deviations, and to compare the results with those of Goldmann applanation tonometry and palpation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: A total of 40 eyes of 20 healthy volunteers were included. Two independent parallel observers (1 and 2) performed three replicate measurements per eye, respectively, both using TGDc01 tonometry, one observer (3) performed three replicate measurements using Goldmann applanation tonometry, and one observer (4) measured the IOP via palpation. Intraindividual deviations within and between both observers using TGDc-01 tonometry and between all three methods were investigated about clinically relevance by comparison of medians and quartiles, statistically significance by pairwise sign tests. Comparisons between observers and methods were based on averaged IOP values of the three individual measurements for each observer and each patient. Intraobserver deviations were analysed by means of Friedman tests. Results: Observers 1 and 2 showed a statistically significant intraobserver deviation when using TGCc-01 (Friedman p = 0.007 for observer 1 and p = 0.002 for observer 2). There was no statistically significant interobserver deviation between observers 1 and 2 (sign test p = 0.200); however, in 45% of the eyes interobserver deviations were larger than plus or minus 3 mm Hg. The median intraindividual deviation between TGDc-01 and Goldmann (TGDc-01 minus Goldmann) was 0 mm Hg (interquartile range −1; 2 mm Hg; sign test p = 0.522); but deviations were larger than plus or minus 3 mm Hg for 38% of the 40 eyes. Median intraindividual deviation between TGDc-01 and palpation (TGDc-01 minus palpation) was −2 mm Hg (interquartile range −4; 1 mm Hg; sign test p = 0.018), but deviations were larger than plus or minus 3 mmHg for 43% of eyes. Median intraindividual deviation between Goldmann and palpation (palpation minus Goldmann) was 2 mm Hg (interquartile range −2; 4 mm Hg; p = 0.429), but deviations were larger than plus or minus 3 mm Hg in 48% of the eyes. Conclusion: Interobserver deviations using TGDc-01 tonometry and intraindividual deviations between TGDc-01 tonometry, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and palpation of IOP were found to be clinically relevant. Thus, according to our results TGDc-01 could not be established as a substitute or diagnostic alternative method for Goldmann applanation tonometry. But as deviations between TGDc01 and Goldmann turned out smaller than between palpation of IOP and Goldmann, TGDc-01 seems to provide a better choice for tonometry in patients, in whom Goldmann applanation tonometry is not possible.
Prenatal Care: The Adolescent’s Perspective

Certified childbirth educators have the ideal preparation for prenatal education, but they likely need to enhance their approach for adolescent clients. First, young mothers in the United States are presenting with increasingly diverse backgrounds, requiring cultural awareness of childbirth educators and others who wish to effectively meet their prenatal health care and education needs. In addition, adolescents who become pregnant are an extremely vulnerable group and, therefore, require special concern. Pregnant adolescents are unique from other groups of pregnant women in all major aspects of assessment: their social environment; their personal, social, and psychological development; and their physical response. Therefore, prenatal care and childbirth education designed for the typical population are unlikely to best serve the pregnant adolescent.
Truth, Lies and Trust on the Internet

The Internet is often presented as an unsafe or untrustworthy space: where children are preyed upon by paedophiles, cannibals seek out victims, offline relationships are torn apart by online affairs and where individuals are addicted to gambling, love, and cybersex. While many of these stories are grounded in truth, they do paint a rather sensationalized view of the Internet, the types of people who use it, and the interactions that take place online. Simultaneously, researchers claim that the Internet allows individuals to express their true selves, to develop 'hyperpersonal' relationships characterised by high levels of intimacy and closeness. At the heart of these competing visions of the Internet as a social space are the issues of truth, lies and trust. This book offers a balanced view of the Internet by presenting empirical data conducted by social scientists, with a concentrated focus on psychological studies. It argues that the Internet's anonymity which can enable, for instance, high levels of self-disclosure in a relationship, is also responsible for many of its more negative outcomes such as deception and flaming. This is the first book to develop a coherent model of the truth-lies paradox, with specific reference to the critical role of trust. Truth, Lies and Trust on the Internet is a useful text for psychology students and academics interested in Internet behaviour, technology, and online deviant behaviour, and related courses in sociology, media studies and information studies.
A INCORPORAÇÃO DAS EXPECTATIVAS RACIONAIS NA MACROECONOMIA

O artigo mostra a evolucao do uso das expectativas racionais em modelos e politicas macroeconomicas. Foi a partir da popularizacao por Lucas nos anos 70 que a hipotese de Muth de 1961 levou a “revolucao das expectativas racionais”. Sao analisados os trabalhos seminais da escola novo classica da decada de 70, junto com suas influencias e tambem suas consequencias – particularmente para a formulacao da politica economica.
Lactic acid production from cellobiose and xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Efficient and rapid production of value‐added chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is an important step toward a sustainable society. Lactic acid, used for synthesizing the bioplastic polylactide, has been produced by microbial fermentation using primarily glucose. Lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain high concentrations of cellobiose and xylose. Here, we constructed a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of fermenting cellobiose and xylose into lactic acid. Specifically, genes (cdt‐1, gh1‐1, XYL1, XYL2, XYL3, and ldhA) coding for cellobiose transporter, β‐glucosidase, xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, xylulokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were integrated into the S. cerevisiae chromosomes. The resulting strain produced lactic acid from cellobiose or xylose with high yields. When fermenting a cellulosic sugar mixture containing 10 g/L glucose, 40 g/L xylose, and 80 g/L cellobiose, the engineered strain produced 83 g/L of lactic acid with a yield of 0.66 g lactic acid/g sugar (66% theoretical maximum). This study demonstrates initial steps toward the feasibility of sustainable production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic sugars by engineered yeast. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1075–1083. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Correlation between the Salary Structure of Senior Management and Performance in Listed Companies

This paper chooses listed company in Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchange as samples and selects long-time window data and it analyses the correlation between the salary structure of senior management and performance in listed companies. The research result implies from 2004 to 2008, senior management in listed companies are changing slowly, with holding-gains rate increasing year by year yet still smaller than monetary compensation, which works as long-time incentive. Through packet inspection of capital scale, industry, equity nature and areas in the total sample, they are all critical factors in correlation between the salary structure and performance.
Intrathecal therapy for cancer and non-cancer pain.

BACKGROUND Intrathecal drug infusion therapy is usually considered when spinal-acting analgesics or antispasmodics administered via the oral or transdermal routes fail to control patients' pain or are associated with unacceptable side effects. The intrathecal administration of centrally acting agents bypasses the blood-brain-barrier resulting in much higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations while using reduced amounts of medication to achieve equipotent doses. The intrathecal approach is associated with higher rates of satisfactory pain relief and lower rates of treatment failures and technical complications compared to the epidural route. A paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has led to concern regarding proper use, selection criteria, and safety of these devices. Cost effectiveness and comparative therapies have now also become a focus of discussion. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate and update the available evidence for the efficacy and safety of intrathecal infusions used in long-term management (> 6 months) of chronic pain. This paper will not focus on intrathecal administration for spasticity or movement disorders. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of intrathecal infusion through implanted drug delivery devices for chronic pain. METHODS Literature search through EMBASE, Medline, Cochrane databases, and systematic reviews as well as peer-reviewed non-indexed journals from 1980 to December 2010. Studies are assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria for observational studies and the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group criteria for randomized trials. The level of evidence was determined using 5 levels of evidence, ranging from Level I to III with 3 subcategories in Level II, based on the quality of evidence developed by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure for chronic non-cancer is pain relief (short-term relief ≤ one-year and long-term > one-year), whereas it is 3 months for cancer. Secondary outcome measures of improvement in functional status, psychological status, return to work, and reduction in opioid intake. RESULTS The level of evidence for this systematic review of non-cancer pain studies meeting the inclusion criteria of continuous use of an intrathecal drug delivery system (IDDS) for at least 12 months duration with at least 25 patients in the cohort, is Level II-3 based on USPSTF criteria. The level of evidence for this systemic review for cancer-related pain studies meeting the inclusion criteria of continuous use of IDDS for at least 3 months duration with at least 25 patients in the cohort is Level II-2 based on USPSTF criteria. CONCLUSION Based on the available evidence, the recommendation for intrathecal infusion systems for cancer-related pain is moderate recommendation based on the high quality of evidence and the recommendation is limited to moderate based on the moderate quality of evidence from non-randomized studies for non-cancer related pain.
Dissection of H-2Db-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes on simian virus 40 T antigen by the use of synthetic peptides and H-2Dbm mutants

Five distinct cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) recognition sites were identified in the simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen by using H-2b cells that express the truncated T antigen or antigens carrying internal deletions of various sizes. Four of the CTL recognition determinants, designated sites I, II, III, and V, are H-2Db restricted, while site IV is H-2Kb restricted. The boundaries of CTL recognition sites I, II, and III, clustered in the amino-terminal half of the T antigen, were further defined by use of overlapping synthetic peptides containing amino acid sequences previously determined to be required for recognition by T-antigen site-specific CTL clones by using SV40 deletion mutants. CTL clone Y-1, which recognizes epitope I and whose reactivity is affected by deletion of residues 193 to 211 of the T antigen, responded positively to B6/PY cells preincubated with a synthetic peptide corresponding to T-antigen amino acids 205 to 219. CTL clones Y-2 and Y-3 lysed B6/PY cells preincubated with large-T peptide LT220-233. To distinguish further between epitopes II and III, Y-2 and Y-3 CTL clones were reacted with SV40-transformed cells bearing mutations in the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen. Y-2 CTL clones lysed SV40-transformed H-2Dbm13 cells (bm13SV) which carry several amino acid substitutions in the putative antigen-binding site in the alpha 2 domain of the H-2Db antigen but not bm14SV cells, which contain a single amino acid substitution in the alpha 1 domain. Y-3 CTL clones lysed both mutant transformants. Y-1 and Y-5 CTL clones failed to lyse bm13SV and bm14SV cells; however, these cells could present synthetic peptide LT205-219 to CTL clone Y-1 and peptide SV26(489-503) to CTL clone Y-5, suggesting that the endogenously processed T antigen yields fragments of sizes or sequences different from those of synthetic peptides LT205-219 and SV26(489-503).
Tissue Adhesives in Endosurgery

Usage of tissue adhesives/glues for tissue approximation and hemostasis is increasing as the related technology advances. There is no accepted classification, but surgical adhesives fall into 3 main categories: biological, synthetic, and genetically engineered polymer protein glues. Nonresorbable glues should be confined only to surface application, such as closure of the wound edges. Adhesives for internal use, including hemostasis, tissue edge approximation, mesh hernioplasties, sealing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluid and intestinal leaks, and anastomoses, should be biocompatible and resorbable. In time, tissue glues and soldering will likely replace, in whole or in part, the use of sutures and staples for a variety of tissue approximation surgical procedures. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
FlowSlicer - A Hybrid Approach to Detect and Avoid Sensitive Information Leaks in Android Applications using Program Slicing and Instrumentation

With the increasingly amount of private information stored in mobile devices, the need for more secure ways to detect, control and avoid malicious behaviors has become higher. The too coarse-grained permission system implemented in the Android platform does not cover problems regarding the flow of the data acquired by the apps. In order to enhance detection, awareness and avoidance of such unwanted information flows, we propose a hybrid information flow analysis that mixes the benefits of static and dynamic analysis, using slicing and instrumentation. Our results indicate a precise detection and only a small overhead while running the application. The validation of our method has been done by creating a tool called FLOWSLICER and using the category AndroidSpecific from the DROIDBENCH repository of applications with known information leaks.
The particle swarm optimization against the Runge's phenomenon: Application to the generalized integral quadrature method

Abstract —In the present work, we introduce the particle swarmoptimization called (PSO in short) to avoid the Runge’s phenomenonoccurring in many numerical problems. This new approach is testedwith some numerical examples including the generalized integralquadrature method in order to solve the Volterra’s integral equations. Keywords —Integral equation, particle swarm optimization,Runge’s phenomenon. I. I NTRODUCTION I N recent years, much attention has been devoted to theinvestigation of new mathematical models and numericalapproaches to evaluate the solutions of the EDP and theintegral equations. Excellent surveys which contain both nu-merical and theoretical researches are given in [1-20]. The primary argument for the interest of the type of thisproblem comes naturally from its wide applications almostin any branches of science and engineering described bysystems of ODEs and PDEs [21-31] which in some situationsthe solutions present the Runge’s phenomenon in the edgesof the interval. This situation can be avoided by a speciﬁcutilization of the algorithm PSO. The PSO algorithm is a paral-lel evolutionary computation technique proposed by Kennedyand Eberhart in 1995. The PSO has nowadays gained greatimportance in computer optimization.The latest numerical approach to date is the generalizedintegral quadrature method introduced by Zerarka and Soukeur[32]. It was ﬁrst applied to one-dimensional Volterra integralin the linear and nonlinear cases, where the solution is notcompletely reproduced in the domain in which strong oscil-lations can arise. This method studies the situation in whichthe unknown function is identiﬁed as the Lagrange polynomial[33] and the interpolating points of the Tchebychev type areused.New calculations are performed for the construction of thesolution by a suitable choice of the interpolating points usingthe particle swarm optimization (PSO) in order to avoid theRunge’s phenomenon [34]. Our main purpose is to show howthe Runge’s phenomenon can be completely removed fromthe solution of interest. We examine two speciﬁc examples in
Cytotoxicity of the crude extracts of Marine ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from Tuticorin, Southeast coast of India

Marine organisms such as ascidians, sponges and sof t corals, containing symbiotic microorganisms are a rich source of bioactive compo unds. This study examined the cytotoxic potential of two ascidians found in the coastal wat ers of Tuticorin. The ascidians samples Didemnum psammatode and Phallusia arabica were ext racted in methanol and ethanol. The crude extracts were tested for cytotoxicity using t he brine shrimp lethality assay. The crude methanol extract of compound ascidian indicated the highest activity with LC 50 value of (106.965 µg/ml) and the ethanol extract of simple ascidian s howed the lowest activity with LC 50 value of (227.055 µg/ml). Further studies are necessary for a better characterization of the active principles of these extracts and a possible elucida tion of the mechanisms of action.
Wave-Structure Interactions on Point Absorbers - an experimental study

9 Large-scale experiments were carried out using a hemispherical shaped point 10 absorber with a diameter of one meter, equivalent to scale 1:5 of the Waves11 tar North Sea prototype. The purpose of the experiments is to determine the 12 hydrodynamics and dynamic loads on the Wavestar wave energy converters. 13 The set-up consists of the hemisphere connected through a rigid arm that 14 pivots on non-moving main structure, which in this case is the gantry of 15 the wave basin. The pitch motion of the hemisphere arm assembly is con16 trolled using a linear hydraulic actuator. Wave and motion induced loads 17 on the floating point absorber in regular waves as well as extreme conditions 18 are presented. Drag, inertia and slamming pressure are determined directly 19 from the experiments. Radiation, diffraction and excitation moments are 20 determined by inviscid boundary element numerical models. 21
Post-translational modifications of α-synuclein contribute to neurodegeneration in the colon of elderly individuals

Synucleinopathies and abnormalities in the nerves of the enteric nervous system are hypothesized to be involved in age-associated motility disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of various antigens, including α-synuclein (Syn) and its post-translational modified forms, in the human colon at various ages. In addition, the study aimed to correlate the expression of Syn with neurodegeneration. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of neurofilament (NF), Syn, as well as its nitrated (N) form in the healthy colonic tissue of 12 young (34.08±5.12 years), 10 middle-aged (51.80±3.52 years), and 11 elderly (75.82±7.70 years) individuals. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to demonstrate the presence of N-Syn in the colonic tissue. N-Syn was identified in the upper layer of the mucosa and submucosa layer. Furthermore, Syn (wild-type) was present in the mucosa and submucosa. The number of NF-positive neurons in the submucosal layer declined significantly with age (P<0.01). In addition, Syn and N-Syn significantly increased during aging (P<0.01). Furthermore, a negative correlation was identified between neuron number and synucleinopathies, indicating the abnormal accumulation of both wild-type Syn and N-Syn in the mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer and myenteric plexus. The present study demonstrates that the Syn pathology may be linked to colic neuronal degeneration during normal aging, and this link may cause functional deficits.
Weighted Tree-Numbers of Matroid Complexes

We give a new formula for the weighted high-dimensional tree-numbers of matroid complexes. This formula is derived from our result that the spectra of the weighted combinatorial Laplacians of matroid complexes consist of polynomials in the weights. In the formula, Crapo’s $\beta$-invariant appears as the key factor relating weighted combinatorial Laplacians and weighted tree-numbers for matroid complexes.
Stem Cells: Current Approach and Future Prospects in Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Spinal cord injury (SCI) invariably results in the loss of neurons and axonal degeneration at the lesion site, leading to permanent paralysis and loss of sensation. There has been no successful treatment for severe spinal cord injuries to recover back to normal function yet. Studies have shown that the transplantation of stem cells may provide an effective treatment for SCI because of the self‐renewing and multipotential nature of these cells. Stem cells have the capability to repair injured nervous tissue through replacement of damaged cells, neuroprotection, or the creation of an environment conducive to regeneration by endogenous cells. Up to today several types of stem cells have been transplanted into the injured spinal cord. However, the question of which cell type is most beneficial for SCI treatment is still unresolved. There are still several limitations to the current data sets which require further investigation. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.