Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students' Attitudes and Motivation for Learning English at Dokuz Eylul University School of Foreign Languages.

Attitudes and motivation are two of the key factors in second language learning since positive attitudes and high levels of motivation are considered as the predictors of a successful learning process. This study aims to reveal the relation between university preparatory students’ attitudes towards learning English and their language learning motivation at DEU School of Foreign Languages and to identify the factors which result in the differences in both their attitudes and motivations. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The data have been collected via the Attitudes Towards Leaning English Questionnaire and Language Learning Motivation Scale from 511 prep class students at Dokuz Eylul University, School of Foreign Languages. The data have been analyzed with means, frequency, multiple comparisons, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and One-way ANOVA. The results show that there is a significant positive relation between the learners’ attitudes towards learning English and their language learning motivation at Dokuz Eylul University, School of Foreign Languages. Additionally, it has been found that both their attitudes and their language learning motivation vary significantly in terms of some factors. Key words: Attitudes, motivation, language learning.
Shoot organogenesis induction from genetically verifi ed individuals of endangered bog pine (Pinus uncinata subsp. uliginosa).

The objective of this work was to apply selected genetic markers to verify the genetic purity of bog pine (Pinus uncinata subsp. uliginosa) individuals from the Borkovicka blata population in order to initiate in vitro cultures from them. Key factors of shoot organogenesis induction from seedling shoot apices were examined. The plastid DNA analysis was used as a molecular-genetic tool. The trnL-trnF region of chloroplast DNA was tested by PCR-RFLP
Generalized Quantiles as Risk Measures

In the statistical and actuarial literature several generalizations of quantiles have been considered, by means of the minimization of a suitable asymmetric loss function. All these generalized quantiles share the important property of elicitability, which has received a lot of attention recently since it corresponds to the existence of a natural backtesting methodology. In this paper we investigate the case of M-quantiles as the minimizers of an asymmetric convex loss function, in contrast to Orlicz quantiles that have been considered in Bellini and Rosazza Gianin (2012). We discuss their properties as risk measures and point out the connection with the zero utility premium principle and with shortfall risk measures introduced by Follmer and Schied (2002). In particular, we show that the only M-quantiles that are coherent risk measures are the expectiles, introduced by Newey and Powell (1987) as the minimizers of an asymmetric quadratic loss function. We provide their dual and Kusuoka representations and discuss their relationship with CVaR. We analyze their asymptotic properties for α→1 and show that for very heavy tailed distributions expectiles are more conservative than the usual quantiles. Finally, we show their robustness in the sense of lipschitzianity with respect to the Wasserstein metric.
Simulation of Baffle Effects on Sloshing in Model Aircraft Fuel Tank

One of ways to prevent sloshing in fuel tanks is to use baffles inside the tanks. In this research, 5 tank samples, including a non-baffle and baffle tanks are modeled in 3D. In the following, by applying the gravitational acceleration to the tank, the effects of the baffle’s shape on sloshing and fluid motion inside the fuel tank have been analysed by using the numerical method of volume of fluid (VOF), the results indicate an error value of less than 4% between numerical and experimental methods. Based on the results, the fluid sloshing reaches a relative stability after 0.35 seconds, while in non-baffle tank, this relative stability occurs after 1.1 seconds. According to the results, the motion of the fuel is in the position of the baffle in bottom and middle is higher with respect to the lower height baffle than the position with the upper baffle in the tank. Based on the results obtained in the simultaneous positioning of the baffles in the bottom, middle and upper, the fluid created less sloshing and the fuel pipe is in a better position than the baffles in other fuel tanks.
Complexity of intersections of real quadrics and topology of symmetric determinantal varieties

Let W be a linear system of quadrics on the real projective space RP and X be the base locus of such linear system (i.e. the common zero set of the quadrics in W ). We prove a formula relating the topology of X to the one of the discriminant locus ΣW (i.e. the set of singular quadrics in W ). Such a set ΣW equals the intersection of W with the discriminant hypersurface for quadrics; its singularities are unavoidable (they persist after a small perturbation of W ) and we set {Σ (r) W }r≥1 for its singular point stratification, i.e. Σ (1) W = ΣW and Σ (r) W = Sing (
Seabird bycatch in New Zealand trawl and longline fisheries, 1998-2004

Fisheries bycatch is a threatening process for populations of procellariiform seabirds, and is of particular importance for the conservation of albatross, an especially threatened group at a global scale. There is a high level ofendemism ofalbatross and petrels in New Zealand waters, and around one-third of the world's species of procellariiform seabirds breed in this area. Therefore, understanding the levels of mortality of these species in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone is important for global conservation of the order. For New Zealand fisheries for the 1998-2004 fishing years, we estimated total seabird bycatch using data from scientific observers with model-based estimation procedures. Although sectors of the fishing activity were not evenly covered by observers, we were able to estimate seabird bycatch for largescale fisheries by vessel size (split at 28 m length), season, area and year. Approximately 5500 seabirds (credible interval between 2000 and 10 000) are estimated to be landed in New Zealand trawl and longline fisheries annually, as a result of interactions with fishing gear. Few data were available for the small vessels, thus estimates are highly uncertain. Mortalities are likely to be most common in trawl fisheries at approximately 2000-3000 seabirds annually, with the greatest contribution coming from large vessels. Around one half of these birds were albatross. For large surface longline vessels we estimated that fewer than 500 seabirds were killed annually during the main tuna fishing season. For large demersal vessels, seabird mortality was estimated to have decreased from around 1800 seabirds in 2001 to 600 seabirds in 2004. We report observed captures by species for each fishing method and area for the fishing years 1998-2004. Thirty-one species of Procellariiformes were identified during this period, over half of which are threatened species. For some species, such as White-chinned Petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis and White-capped Albatross, 1halassarche steadi, several hundred individuals were caught. For 15 species, fewer than 10 individuals were identified. However, the unrepresentative deployment ofobserver coverage across fishery areas makes it difficult to interpret the conservation implications of species captures. A high proportion of the petrel species was observed caught primarily from areas surrounding their breeding sites while albatross were caught across breeding and non-breeding areas. Greatly improved observer sampling ratios, and studies of population status and trends, are needed to understand the conservation implications of the effects ofNew Zealand trawl and longline fishing mortalities on seabird populations.
From clinics to (cow)mics: a reproductive journey

This manuscript describes the different topics I have been involved in the fields of reproductive physiology and embryo biotechnologies with attempts to address practical issues raised mainly by the breeding industry. The journey started with phenotyping work in the field of reproductive physio-pathology. Other issues were related to the optimization of reproductive biotechnologies to favorize genetic selection. The implementation of genomic selection raised opportunities to develop the use embryo biotechnologies and showed the interest of combining them in the case of embryo genotyping. There is still a need to refine phenotyping for reproductive traits especially for the identification of markers of uterine dysfunction. It is believed that new knowledge generated by combining different molecular approaches will be the source of applications that may benefit AI practice and embryo technologies.
Score Tests for Hyperbolic GARCH Models

Davidson (2004) recently proposed the hyperbolic GARCH model to capture the phenomenon of long-range dependence in volatility, with the extent of such dependence measured by the geometric or hyperbolic decay of the coefficients in an ARCH(∞) model. In this article, we reinterpret the hyperbolic GARCH model by building a link with the common GARCH model, and construct a simplified score test to check the presence of the hyperbolic decay. We derive the asymptotic of the test statistic under the null hypothesis and the local alternatives. We conduct Monte Carlo simulation experiments to study the performance of this test, and report an illustration on two log return sequences. This article has supplementary material online.
Detection and Prevention of Black Hole Attack in Detection and Prevention of Black Hole Attack in Detection and Prevention of Black Hole Attack in Detection and Prevention of Black Hole Attack in V ANET

Vehicular Ad hoc Network is a technology having the art of integrating ad hoc network, wireless LAN and cellul ar technology to achieve intelligent Inter-Vehicle Communications also known as Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications and Roadside-to-Vehicle Communications. There are chances of a number of possible attacks in VANET due to open nature of wir eless medium. Safety is the primary concern to many road users. The safety requirements can be powerfully supported by many safety applications, such as traffic report an d accident notification. There are chances of a number of poss ible attacks in VANET due to open nature of wireless medium. Safety is the primary concern to many road users. T he safety requirements can be powerfully supported by many safety applications, such as traffic report and acc ident notification. In this research we can identify atta cks and understand attackers by using the classes of attack . If we control attackers and their attacks then it would h elp in saving human life. Also, an effective solution is p roposed for Black hole attack which uses the redundancy elimination mechanism consists of rate decreasing algorithm and state transition mechanism as its components.
Title Cyclic secant shear modulus versus pore water pressure in sands at small cyclic strains Permalink

Cyclic strain-controlled behavior of fully saturated sands in undrained condition is analyzed at small cyclic shear strain amplitudes, γc, around the threshold shear strain for cyclic pore water pressure buildup, γtpE0. 01%. The cyclic triaxial and simple shear test results obtained in the past by different researchers and the results of new cyclic simple shear tests reveal that: (i) at very small γc below γtp where there is no buildup of cyclic pore water pressure, ΔuN, with the number of cycles, N, the cyclic secant shear modulus, GSN, initially increases with N for 10–20% of its initial value GS1 and then levels off or just slightly decreases, (ii) at small γc between γtpE0. 01% and 0.10–0.15%,ΔuN continuously increases with N while the modulus GSN first increases for up to 10% of GS1 and then gradually decreases, and (iii) at γc larger than approximately 0.15%, relatively large ΔuN develops with N while the modulus GSN constantly and significantly decreases. This means that at γc between γtp and 0.10–0.15% the sand stiffness initially increases with N in spite of the reduction of effective stresses caused by the cyclic pore water pressures buildup. In this range of γc, the pore water pressure ΔuN can reach up to 40% of the initial effective confining stress before GSN drops below GS1. The microstructural mechanisms believed to be responsible for such a complex behavior are discussed. It is suggested that during cyclic loading the changes at mineral-to-mineral junctions of grain contacts can cause soil stiffening while, at the same time, the buildup of cyclic pore water pressure causes the softening. & 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
INHIBITORS OF HUMAN SERUM PARAOXONASE 1 ( PON 1 ) : AN IN VITRO STUDY

4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, berylliumsulfate tetrahydrate, urea, sodium azide, iron(II)sulfateheptahydrate, 2-thiobarbituric acid, benzidine, and hydrazinium sulfate, which are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry and medical studies, have been examined as novel type of inhibitors of PON1. PON1 was purified by hydrophobic column of Sepharose4B-coupled L-tyrosine1-naphthylamine. PON1 enzyme activity towards paraoxon substrate was quantified spectrophotometrically. A critical overview of the effects of these nine reagents on PON1 which associated with cardiovascular diseases has been given. The IC50 values were between 1.26×10 4 M and 2.31×10 M and benzidine showed the best inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.26×10 M) for PON1 enzyme activity.
Who's afraid of Virtual Darkness - Affective Appraisal of Night-time Virtual Environments

Computer simulations have become indispensable tools to communicate design and planning impacts and to investigate human perception of built environments (e.g. TAHRANI & MOREAU 2008). Desktop VEs are also increasingly deployed to study the effects of environmental qualities and interventions on human behaviour and feelings of safety in built environments (COZENS et al. 2003, PARK et al. 2008, PARK et al. 2010). The effectiveness of desktop VEs for these applications depends critically on their ability to correctly address the user’s emotional, cognitive and perceptual experience. In the real world ambient darkness elicits fear of victimization (BOX et al. 1988) by concealing potential dangers (BLOBAUM & HUNECKE 2005, GRAY 1987, NASAR & JONES 1997, WARR 1990). Darkness may turn places that are pleasant during daylight into frightening places after dark (HANYU 1997, NASAR & JONES 1997). The innate fear for darkness which most people have also extrapolates to immersive virtual environments (MUHLBERGER et al. 2007). Although commercial desktop games sometimes deploy low-key lighting to evoke suspense and dread (NIEDENTHAL 2005), it is not yet known if darkness in desktop VEs can also effectively induce fear related emotional responses, and determine the affective appraisal of the VE.
Model-based hearing aid gain prescription rule

In listeners with sensorineural hearing loss, loudness recruitment is typically observed and can be attributed to a loss or dysfunction of the outer hair cells (OHC). On the level of the basilar membrane (BM), OHC loss results in a reduced gain for low-level signals, changing the BM input-output function. This amount of low-level gain loss cannot be directly estimated from the overall hearing loss as characterized by pure-tone audiometric thresholds. However, from a modelling perspective, a hearing aid might be successful if it is able to compensate the gain loss and thus restore the compressive BM input-output function of a normal-hearing listener. Here, psychoacoustic temporal masking curves (TMC) and adaptive categorical loudness scaling data (ACALOS) of the same normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) subjects were used to estimate gain loss. A linear model was fitted to predict gain loss from audiometric thresholds and from the steepness of the loudness function. Comparison of the predicted gain loss in HI and the gain in NH lead to a gain prescription rule. This prescription was tested with a conventional hearing-aid compressor and a model-based version, which compares simple NH and HI auditory models in real time.
Responses to the comments on “ Contrasting terrestrial carbon cycle responses to the 1997 / 98 and 2015 / 16 extreme El Niño events ”

Large interannual atmospheric CO2 variability is dominated by the response of the terrestrial biosphere to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the behavior of terrestrial ecosystems differs during different El Niños in terms of patterns and biological processes. Here, we comprehensively compare two extreme El Niños (2015/16 and 1997/98) in the context of a multi-event ‘composite’ El Niño. We find large differences in the terrestrial carbon cycle responses, even though the two events were of similar magnitude. More specifically, we find that the global-scale land–atmosphere carbon flux (FTA) anomaly during the 1997/98 El Niño was 1.64 Pg C yr, but half that quantity during the 2015/16 El Niño (at 0.73 Pg C yr). Moreover, FTA showed no obvious lagged Collaborative Innovation Center on Forest and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters response during the 2015/16 El Niño, in contrast to that during 1997/98. Separating the global flux by geographical regions, the fluxes in the tropics and extratropical northern hemisphere were 1.70 and −0.05 Pg C yr during 1997/98, respectively. During 2015/16, they were 1.12 and −0.52 Pg C yr, respectively. Analysis of the mechanism shows that, in the tropics, the widespread drier and warmer conditions caused a decrease in gross primary productivity (GPP; −0.73 Pg C yr) and an increase in terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER; 0.62 Pg C yr) during the 1997/98 El Niño. In contrast, anomalously wet conditions occurred in the Sahel and East Africa during 2015/16, which caused an increase in GPP, compensating for its reduction in other tropical regions. As a result, the total 2015/16 tropical GPP and TER anomalies were −0.03 and 0.95 Pg C yr. GPP dominance during 1997/98 and TER dominance during 2015/16 accounted for the phase difference in their FTA. In the extratropical northern hemisphere, the large difference occurred because temperatures over Eurasia were warmer during the 2015/16, as compared with the cooling seen during the 1997/98 and the composite El Niño. These warmer conditions enhanced GPP and TER over Eurasia during the 2015/16 El Niño, while these fluxes were suppressed during 1997/98. The total extratropical northern hemisphere GPP and TER anomalies were 0.63 and 0.55 Pg C yr during1997/98, and 1.90 and 1.45 Pg C yr during 2015/16, respectively. Additionally, wildfires played a less important role during the 2015/16 than during the 1997/98 El Niño.
Physical fitness among 6th grade students and evaluation with the normative reference values

The objective of this study was to compare Estonian 6th grade students’ physical fitness level with normative values from ALPHA fitness test and international normative 20 m shuttle run values. The following healthrelated fitness components were assessed: cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance and speed, as a skillrelated fitness component. Physical fitness results were evaluated with the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents and with normative 20 m shuttle run values. Students from 6th grade (n=178) participated in the study. Physical fitness performance was not signi ficantly different between boys and girls, except for flexibility and upper body muscle strength and endurance. Boys’ percentage in very low and low level was higher on every test compared to girls’ results based on normative values. The results of the research indicate the importance to measure the physical fitness of schoolchildren and to compare them with the evaluation scales to plan and carry out more PE lessons focusing on physical fitness development. Further research is needed to evaluate students’ physical fitness levels among different age groups. Physical fitness development is urgently needed and should be included in school curriculum.
Complex 2 Coordinates Cell Type Proliferation and Differentiation

Citation for published item: de Lucas, Miguel and Pu, Li and Turco, Gina Marie and Gaudinier, Allie and Marao, Ana Karina and Hiroshima, Hirofumi and Kim, Dahae and Ron, Mily and Sugimoto, Keiko and Roudier, Francois M. and Brady, Siobhan M. (2016) 'Transcriptional regulation of Arabidopsis Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 coordinates cell type proliferation and di erentiation. ', Plant cell. , 28 (10). pp. 2616-2631.
Relative Differences between Real and Imaginary Parts of Constant Flux Normal Frequencies and Scattering Resonances : It is Seen that for High Order Modes the Difference Becomes Very Small 9

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for re. , y existing aata sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Department of Defense. Executive Service Directorate (0704-0188). Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law. no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ORGANIZATION. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 31-08-2009 2. REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED (From To) Nov 2008 Jul 2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Reconfigurable Optical Elements Based on Single and Coupled Microdisk Resonators with Quantum Dot Active Media 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA9550-09-C-0047
Specific effects of cycling stressful temperatures upon phenotypic and genetic variability of size traits in Drosophila melanogaster

In previous studies, the relationship between developmental temperature and phenotypic or genetic variability has in the main been investigated using different constant temperatures. Natural conditions, however, are characterized by daily thermal cycles, sometimes resulting in a periodic daily stress. Using the isofemale line technique, we examined the effects of daily cycles on body size in two French populations of Drosophila melanogaster. We used either cold stress (daily cycle 8–25C, average 16.5C) or heat stress (cycle 18–33C, average 25.5C), and the results were compared to those obtained at two constant temperatures, 17 and 25C. In all cases, stressful regimes produced specific effects, the mean trait values being smaller than those observed under constant conditions. Significant differences were also found for the variance parameters. For the within-line variance, which mostly expresses an environmental component, the two cycling regimes produced similar outcomes – that is, a significant increase in individual variability. For the between-line, genetic variance, however, contrasting results were obtained: an increase with cold stress but a decrease with heat stress. With respect to constanttemperature conditions, evolvability (genetic CV) was increased by daily cold stress, but decreased by daily heat stress. Within-line correlations, between wing and thorax length, were stable and not affected by stress, whereas the between-line, genetic correlation was maximum under cold stress and minimum under heat stress. These results demonstrate that a periodic stress may induce specific effects with respect to permanent stress, and that heat and cold are not equivalent. A possible adaptive interpretation, related to the fact that temperate populations are certainly submitted to cold stress but not to heat stress, is discussed.