Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN DEFINING HABITAT SELECTION BY MOOSE IN NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Understanding resource use and selection has been central to many studies of ungulate ecology. Global positioning satellite (GPS) collars, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) now make it easier to examine variation in use and selection by individuals. Resource selection functions, however, are commonly developed for global (all animals pooled) models and important information on individual variability may be lost. Using data from 14 female moose (Alces alces) collared in the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area of northern British Columbia, we examined differences among global and individual resource selection models for 5 seasons (winter, late winter, calving, summer, and fall). The global models indicated that moose selected for mid-elevations, and for deciduous burns and Carex sedge areas in all seasons. Resource selection models for individuals, however, indicated that no individuals selected the same attributes as the global models. We also examined selection ratios among seasons with individual moose as replicates, and within individuals with bootstrapping techniques. We discuss the importance of considering individual variation in defining resource selection and habitat use by moose and contrast the results of selection ratios and resource selection models. We also use these data to illustrate some of the pitfalls that can be encountered using the 2 methodologies.
Smart meter privacy by suprression of low power frequency components

This paper focuses on the problems associated with privacy protection in smart grid. We will give an overview of a possible realization of a privacy-preserving approach that encompasses privacy-utility tradeoff into a single model. This approach proposes suppression of low power frequency components as a solution to reduce the amount of information leakage from smart meter readings. We will consider the applicability of the procedure to hide the appliance usage with respect to the type of home devices.
Induction of fruit calcium assimilation and its influence on the quality of table grapes.

Sprays containing soluble Ca, polypeptidic N and Ti ascorbate in several combinations were applied to cv. Crimson table grape vines (Vitis vinifera L.). Foliar spraying resulted in the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ti in the leaves, but not of Na, Cl or Mn. In the berries, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu concentrations increased in the skin and flesh. These berries were also larger than controls, firmer, had a deeper external red colour, and their weight loss during postharvest storage was reduced. The increase in the Ca and micronutrient content of the fruit is explained as a consequence of the beneficial effect of Ti on absorption, translocation and assimilation processes. In turn, improved Ca assimilation by the fruit was responsible for the beneficial effects seen on firmness and storage life.
Interest Rates and the Exchange Rate: A Non-Monotonic Tale

What is the relationship between interest rates and the exchange rate? The empirical literature in this area has been inconclusive. We use an optimizing model of a small open economy to rationalize the mixed empirical findings. The model has three key margins. First, higher domestic interest rates raise the demand for deposits, and, hence, the money base. Second, firms need bank loans to finance the wage bill, which reduces output when domestic interest rates increase. Lastly, higher interest rates raise the government's fiscal burden, and, therefore, can lead to higher expected inflation. While the first effect tends to appreciate the currency, the remaining two effects tend to depreciate it. We then conduct policy experiments using a calibrated version of the model and show the central result of the paper: the relationship between interest rates and the exchange rate is non-monotonic. In particular, the exchange rate response depends on the size of the interest rate increase and on the initial level of the interest rate. Moreover, we also show that the model can replicate the heterogeneous responses of the exchange rate to interest rate innovations in several developing economies.
The radiative effect of the anthropogenic influence on the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer

Stratospheric sulfate aerosols have a cooling effect on the Earth’s surface. Sulfur aerosols from large volcanic eruptions are often the dominant source, while non-volcanic background stratospheric sulfate aerosols are supposed to mainly originate from carbonyl sulfide (OCS). Several recent studies indicate, however, that this latter source is too small to account for the observed background stratospheric aerosol concentration. Based on model calculations we suggest that most of the lower stratospheric sulfate aerosol concentration is of anthropogenic origin. We estimate a global mean radiative forcing due to the anthropogenic influence on the stratospheric aerosol layer of −0.05 Wm−2. This represents a new climate forcing mechanism and emphasizes anthropogenic sulfur emission as an important cooling mechanism.
Critical Care Nurses' Knowledge, Practice, Obstacles and Helpful Measures Towards Palliative Care for Critically Ill Patients

Palliative care (PC) is a specialized medical care for people with serious illnesses. It focuses on providing patients with relief from the symptoms, pain and stress of serious illness. The aim of the study is to assess critical care nurses’ knowledge, practice, Obstacles and helpful measures toward palliative care for critically ill patients. The research design of this study was a descriptive design. It was conducted at Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Tanta University Hospital and oncology ICU at oncology institute, Tanta, Egypt. Three tools were used for collecting data. Tool I is a structured interview questionnaire sheet to collect data about nurses' sociodemographic data and knowledge. Tool II is an observational checklist for nurses’ practice regarding palliative care and tool III is nurses' perception of obstacles and helpful measures towards palliative care for critically ill patients. The results of the study reported that more than three quarter (77.1%) and (48.6%) of critical care nurses in medical and oncology ICUs, respectively, had unsatisfactory score of knowledge. More than half (51.4%) and 25.7% of nurses in Medical and Oncology ICUs respectively had poor practice while more than one third (34.3%) and 40% of nurses in medical and oncology department respectively had good practice score. From this paper, it was concluded that nurses in intensive care units at the Tanta University Hospital had unsatisfactory knowledge and practice regarding palliative care which is considered as an important aspect of improving quality of care. The most obstacles for providing palliative care are “not enough time to provide quality end of life. It was recommended that educational and in-service training programs should be conducted by the nursing personal in both hospital and intensive care settings about palliative care.
Anticipated Impact of Hand-Hold Position on the Electromagnetic Interaction of Different Antenna Types/Positions and a Human in Cellular Communications

This paper is intended to investigate intensely the impact of multipossible hand-hold positions on the electromagnetic (EM) interaction of handset antennas and a human by using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Candy-bar handsets with different external and internal antenna positions operating in the GSM900, GSM1800/DCS, and UMTS/IMT-2000 bands are hereby simulated with configuration of the most parts in order to achieve the commercially available handset model design. Homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms both are used to simulate the human head, whereas, a semirealistic model with three different tissues is designed to simulate a human hand holding a set. Both of the antenna performance including the total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) and the specific absorption rate (SAR) in tissues are examined for the different suggested applicable cases, where various positions of antenna, handset and hand are considered in simulations. This simulation study determines that both of the antenna performance and the SAR in tissues significantly alter owing to the positioning of the handset against user's head at different hand levels; where a maximum alteration is observed due to the exposure of handset with internal antenna, as compared with the handset having external antenna.
Industrial Diversity and Agglomeration Economies

This paper investigates the importance of industrial diversity in determining the nature of agglomeration economies, using an indirect test which measures the effects of export industry demand shocks on center city and suburban employment growth. Testing for the importance of diversity is accomplished by constructing a measure of export price shocks to central cities and their suburbs, called the Export Price Index. The results reveal that urbanization economies do exist, but that their relative importance varies with the diversity of local industrial structure and hence that it varies across cities. This explains why the current literature contains strong empirical support for the importance of both urbanization and localization economies.
Modeling the H2O submillimeter emission in extragalactic sources

Recent observational studies have shown that H2O emission at (rest) submillimeter wavelengths is ubiquitous in infrared galaxies, both in the local and in the early Universe, suggestive of far-infrared pumping of H2O by dust in warm regions. In this work, models are presented that show that (i) the highest-lying H2O lines (E_{upper}>400 K) are formed in very warm (T_{dust}>~90 K) regions and require high H2O columns (N_{H2O}>~3x10^{17} cm^{-2}), while lower lying lines can be efficiently excited with T_{dust}~45-75 K and N_{H2O}~(0.5-2)x10^{17} cm^{-2}; (ii) significant collisional excitation of the lowest lying (E_{upper} 400 K); (iv) we find theoretical upper limits for L_{H2O}/L_{IR} in warm environments, owing to H2O line saturation; (v) individual models are presented for two very different prototypical galaxies, the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 and the nearest ultraluminous infrared galaxy Arp 220, showing that the excited submillimeter H2O emission is dominated by far-infrared pumping in both cases; (vi) the L_{H2O}-L_{IR} correlation previously reported in observational studies indicates depletion or exhaustion time scales, t_{dep}=Sigma_{gas}/Sigma_{SFR}, of <~12 Myr for star-forming sources where lines up to E_{upper}=300 K are detected, in agreement with the values previously found for (U)LIRGs from HCN millimeter emission.
Modeling and Analysis of Queueing-Based Vary-On/Vary-Off Schemes for Server Clusters

A cloud system usually consists of a lot of server clusters handling various applications. To satisfy the increasing demands, especially for the front-end web applications, the computing capacity of a cloud system is often allocated for the peak demand. Such installation causes resource underutilization during the off-peak hours. Vary-On/Vary-Off (VOVO) schemes concentrate workloads on some servers instead of distributing them across all servers in a cluster to reduce idle energy waste. Recent VOVO schemes adopt queueing theory to model the arrival process and the service process for determining the number of powered-on servers. For the arrival process, Poisson process can be safely assumed in web services due to the large number of independent sources. On the other hand, the heavy-tailed distribution of service times is observed in real web systems. However, there are no exact solutions to determine the performance for M/heavy-tailed/m queues. Therefore, this paper presents two queueing-based sizing approximations for Poisson and non-Poisson governed service processes. The simulation results of the proposed approximations are analyzed and evaluated by comparing with the simulated system running at full capacity. This relative measurement indicates that the Pareto distributed service process may be adequately modeled by memoryless queues when VOVO schemes are adopted.
Is it possible to reduce time to appropriate treatment of acute coronary syndrome through a faster diagnosis? Focus on future innovative technologies and related treatments

Patients with chest pain represent 5% of the total Emergency Department (ED) presentations and among these only 5–15% receive a final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), while up to 2% are still discharged with a missed ACS diagnosis. The diagnosis of ACS depends on a combination of clinical symptoms, ECG findings, and cardiac biomarkers. ACS management starts from the prehospital setting, where the use of successful networks, efficient emergency medical systems and telemedicine, combined with patient education campaigns, has proved to improved survival. Unfortunately, at ED arrival, ACS diagnosis still represents a challenge for emergency physicians, whereas clinical presentations can be widely variable and the diagnostic tools available are still quite limited. While the 12-lead ECG is the first-line test, it could be often non diagnostic so the experimental use of innovative and more accurate device seems to overcome its limits. Moreover, the introduction of high-sensitivity or ultrasensitive troponins assays and point-of-care (POCT) testing for troponins have proved their utility, reducing the time to rule-in and to rule-out for patients presenting with chest pain since ED admission. As soon as ACS is diagnosed, it is mandatory to immediately start treatment, according to guidelines. This is even more important in the era of innovative and emerging P2Y12 inhibitors that have shown to play an important benefit for ACS treatment. The aim of this article is to show the ideal approach to ACS, from symptom onset to early treatment in the ED, to show innovative tools for ACS diagnosis and treatment in order to improve outcome for these patients.
Returns to Education for the Marginal Learner: Evidence from the BCS70

This paper examines two significant educational choices and estimates the corresponding individual wage returns for variously defined marginal learners, i.e.: (1) the returns to staying on in full-time education past the age of 16; (2) the returns to completing any form of higher education (HE) compared to at least level 2 for the marginal entrant in HE who holds at least level 2 qualifications. The study is based on data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), which has tracked all individuals born between 5 April and 11 April 1970 since birth and provides detailed information needed for this analysis, for example, ability, family background, education and employment. The study evaluates the wage returns to the two educational choices for variously defined ‘marginal learners’ when they were aged 29-30 in 1999/2000. The following characterisations of ‘marginal learners’ are used: (1) those who have achieved the level of education being looked at; (2) those who could have but did not achieve that level of education; (3) those eligible to undertake the qualification, irrespective of whether they actually achieved it or not; (4) those with low (medium or high) values of the probability of achieving that educational outcome; and (5) those defined as marginal entrants on a policy basis, e.g. high-ability individuals from a low-income family, or individuals from a low social parental class. The general finding is that there are significant returns to both staying on and to HE for all subgroups of the population. Some variation in returns were found, especially for men.
An Approach for IOT based Power Consumption and Usage Minimization

IOT is playing a very important role in information technology. Since, we all know that internet provides us the facility to share and access our useful information and the main role of IOT is to keep an eye on devices, and intake of electricity and how it can be used in our future houses to consume the energy. And so, in this era the smart homes and energy intake that will be beneficial for our home that includes-money usage in a proper manner. In previous approach we used techniques such as-genetic algorithm, apriori random pattern findings approaches; also some hybrid approach is used. Here approaches have been used that provides less solution. Because they have low accuracy intake parameters. In this paper ANN approach has been used that provides accurate result. It works on removing of noise and then find the accurate output in the field of electricity intake. The framework that we have used is JAVA and inputs or say parameters used are-accuracy, precision etc. are used to check an efficient proposed work. Then in future a hardware implementation is left.
The Domain of Reasons

Preface Synopsis I. Introduction PART ONE THE STRUCTURE OF NORMATIVE CONCEPTS II. Reasons III. Indexicality, Universalisability and the Range of Reasons IV. Normativity V. Warrant PART TWO EPISTEMIC REASONS VI. The A Priori VII. Analyticity VIII. Modality IX. Non-monotonic Norms PART THREE EVALUATIVE AND PRACTICAL REASONS X. Rational Explanation: Belief, Feeling and Will XI. Reasons and Feelings: (i) The Bridge Principle and the Concept of a Person's Good XII. Reasons and Feelings: (ii) Moral Concepts XIII. Impartiality (i) The Principle of Good XIV. Impartiality (ii) The Demand Principle XV. Moral Judgement and Feeling PART FOUR THE NORMATIVE VIEW XVI. The Epistemology of Reason Relations XVII. The Ontology of Reason Relations XVIII. Rules, Norms and Concepts XIX. Self and Self-Determination XX. The Critique of Reasons Appendix: Symbols, Terms and Theses References Index
Gaps problems and frequencies of patches in cut and project sets

Abstract We establish a connection between gaps problems in Diophantine approximation and the frequency spectrum of patches in cut and project sets with special windows. Our theorems provide bounds for the number of distinct frequencies of patches of size r, which depend on the precise cut and project sets being used, and which are almost always less than a power of log r. Furthermore, for a substantial collection of cut and project sets we show that the number of frequencies of patches of size r remains bounded as r tends to infinity. The latter result applies to a collection of cut and project sets of full Hausdorff dimension.
Household-Level Evidence of Cereals Demand and the Welfare Implications of Cereals Price Shocks in Rural and Urban Mali

Food demand parameters are necessary for informed food policy making. In this paper we specify a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System and estimate a complete demand system for rice, sorghum, millet and maize in rural and urban Mali using Mali’s 2006 household budget survey data. Elasticities are estimated by per capita income groups and by rural and urban residence. We use these estimates to measure the welfare effects of cereals price shocks observed from 2008 to 2011 by means of a proportional compensating variation that allows for second-order demand responses to price changes.
Strategic Management of Rural Community Empowerment: Based Local Resources

The real meaning of empowerment of rural communities can be understood as a process of increasing the capacity utilization of the autonomy of every individuals for utilizing local resources in a productive and creative way in the rural community. Every community development efforts based on local resources need to be oriented to favor the interests of poverty alleviation in various typologies of rural areas. The empowerment of rural communities which are pro poor and sustainable requires systematic planning in order to avoid the effects of culture shock. This study aims to formulate management strategiesof community empowerment based on local resources. This study showed that strategic management empowerment of rural communities have strong links with policy makers in regulating the ability of the balance principle of natural resources and human resources synergistically. Culture shock can be reduced in a planned manner through social adjustments between the problems and the real needs of the poor in the rural development program goals and objectives. Evaluation and monitoring objective and are required to determine the achievement of goals and predict the chances of a culture shock as early as possible. The partnership and mutual trust among various parties have contributed to the empowerment pro-poor. Beside economic improvement, it can be showed that social cohesiveness can be better and culture shocks are able to be reduced. Pro poor development activities based on local resources must be integrated and minimizing cultural schock. Nevertheless, the implementation of strategic management require systematic steps to all aspects and accommodate social, cultural, political and technological interests.
Molecular characterisation and assessment of clinical significance of small fragile X alleles

BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome is a genetic mental retardation syndrome caused by an unstable mutation in thefragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) on the X chromosome. FMR1 CGG repeat alleles are categorized accordingto number as normal, intermediate, premutation, and full mutation alleles. Considerable information is available, fromreported studies, on the structure of the full mutation alleles. METHODS: This review focused on the characterization of FMR1 CGG repeat size alleles in the premutation andintermediate ranges. RESULTS: The premutation and intermediate carriers, previously thought to be clinically unaffected, are recentlyknown to be at increased risk of premature ovarian failure (POF), fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome(FXTAS), autism, emotional problems, late-onset neurodegenerative deficits, and neurocognitive deficits. A number ofstudies have suggested that the underlying cause might be RNA toxicity resulting from abnormally high levels of FMR1mRNA in these alleles. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that abnormality of FMR1 gene has different clinical presentations, especially insmall alleles, and should be considered more by physicians in clinics. KEYWORDS: FMR1 Gene, FXS, Permutation alleles, POF, FXTAS
Agricultural Dynamics in Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines

The introduction of new high-yielding varieties of cereals in the 1960s, known as the green revolution, dramatically changed the food supply in Asia, as well as in other countries. In the present paper we examine, over an extended period, the growth consequences for agriculture in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. Despite geographical proximity, similar climate and other shared characteristics, gains in productivity and income differed significantly among the countries. We quantify these differences and examine their determinants. We find that the new technology changed the returns to fertilisers, irrigated land and capital, all of which proved scarce to varying degrees. Complementing technology-related changes in factor use were investments, public and private, driven in part by policy. We find that factor accumulation played an important role in output growth and that accumulations from policy driven investments in human capital and public infrastructure were important sources of productivity gains. We conclude that policies that ease constraints on factor markets and promote public investment in people and infrastructure provide the best opportunities for agricultural growth.