Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Technique for Investigating Certain Linguistic and Psycholinguistic Phenomena

The apparatus consists of a console with inserted circular array of 35 lighted buttons in three concentric circles of 5, 10 and 20 buttons each. Each button has a letter printed on its surface. The experimenter has control of a tape recorder on which are recorded the instructions, a switch which automatically raises the shield covering the button array, and the button lights. Moreover, he records the latency of response from the raising of the shield to the subject's depressing of a button with automatic timers. The subject is singly presented with instructional sentences of the basic form: "Press the X button ". By varying combinations of the labelled buttons and instructional sentences, one can test such linguistic independent variables as ambiguity, vagueness, and opacity, and such psycholinguistic variables as those specified for the double-bind hypothesis and other conflict models. Although the basic dependent variable is latency of response, others on observational categories can also be measured. Preliminary data with a simpler version of this apparatus demonstrate consistent differences and of response, others based on observational categories can also be measured. Preliminary orderings in mean and first trial latency between semantically congruent, ambiguous, and vague sentences.
Generalisierung in qualitativer Forschung

Zusammenfassung: Im traditionellen Wissenschaftsverstandnis sind generalisierte Aussagen zentrales Ziel von Wissenschaft; sie sind Elemente des Theoriebildungsprozesses; aus ihnen werden Prognosen und Anwendungen fur die Zukunft abgeleitet. Es gibt zwei Linien der Kritik am Konzept der Generalisierung: Einerseits wird in postpositivistischer Wissenschaftstheorie die prinzipielle Moglichkeit induktiven Schliesens, und damit der Generalisierung, bezweifelt (POPPER 1935). Andererseits wird aus konstruktivistischer Sicht das Erkenntnisziel auf kontextspezifische Aussagen beschrankt und wiederum Generalisierung als unmoglich bezeichnet (LINCOLN & GUBA 1985). Hier wird der Standpunkt vertreten, dass Generalisierung fur qualitativ orientierte Forschung besonders wichtig ist, allerdings verschiedene Formen unterschieden werden mussen. Zunachst gilt es zu unterscheiden, worauf hin generalisiert werden soll: sind es Gesetzesaussagen, Regelhaftigkeiten, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede, kontextspezifische Aussagen oder nur Prozeduren der Erkenntnisgewinnung. Verschiedene Konzepte der Generalisierung stehen dabei zur Verfugung: Gesamterhebungen, Falsifizierungen, verschiedene Stichprobenstrategien, Theoretical Sampling, argumentative Verallgemeinerung, Variation, Triangulation. Das jeweilige Forschungsdesign entscheidet, welche Art der Generalisierung mit Gewinn fur qualitativ orientierte Projekte eingesetzt werden kann. Entsprechende Uberlegungen werden fur qualitative Einzelfallstudien angestellt.
Estudo tridimensional do crescimento de superfícies rugosas utilizando autômatos celulares probabilísticos

Modelos de deposicao de particulas tem atraido o interesse dos pesquisadores ao longo dos anos. Frente ao desafio de compreender melhor o seu comportamento, utilizamos um modelo de automato celular probabilistico onde a probabilidade de transicao depende do perfil de alturas para analisar o comportamento temporal da rugosidade durante o processo de formacao de interfaces rugosas. Acreditamos que este trabalho pode esclarecer melhor a questao do panorama de Classes de Universalidade para modelos de deposicao de particulas.
Effect of HFNC flow rate, cannula size, and nares diameter on generated airway pressures: An in vitro study

Increased use of non‐invasive forms of respiratory support such as CPAP and HFNC in premature infants has generated a need for further investigation of the pulmonary effects of such therapies. In a series of in vitro tests, we measured delivered proximal airway pressures from a HFNC system while varying both the cannula flow and the ratio of nasal prong to simulated nares diameters. Neonatal and infant sized nasal prongs (3.0 and 3.7 mm O.D.) were inserted into seven sizes of simulated nares (range: 3–7 mm I.D. from anatomical measurements in 1–3 kg infants) for nasal prong‐to‐nares ratios ranging from 0.43 to 1.06. The nares were connected to an active test lung set at: TV 10 ml, 60 breaths/min, Ti 0.35 sec, compliance 1.6 ml/cm H2O and airway resistance 70 cm H2O/(L/sec), simulating a 1–3 kg infant with moderately affected lungs. A Fisher & Paykel Healthcare HFNC system with integrated pressure relief valve was set to flow rates of 1–6 L/min while cannula and airway pressures and cannula and mouth leak flows were measured during simulated mouth open, partially closed and fully closed conditions.
AUGMENTING SUBSUMPTION PROPAGATION IN DISTRIBUTED DESCRIPTION LOGICS

Distributed description logics (DDL) enable reasoning with multiple ontologies interconnected by directional semantic mapping, called bridge rules. Bridge rules map concepts of a source ontology into concepts of a target ontology. Concept subsumptions of the source ontology can be propagated according to a propagation pattern expressed by means of bridge rules into concept subsumptions of the target ontology. In the basic formulation of DDL, such a propagation is mostly limited to cases when pairs of ontologies are directly linked by means of bridge rules. However, when more than two ontologies are involved, one would expect that subsumption propagates along chains of ontologies linked by bridge rules, but the semantics of DDL is too weak to support this behavior. In a recent study, an adjusted semantics for DDL that supports subsumption propagation through chains of bridge rules has been introduced. This study makes use of a so-called compositional consistency requirement that has been employed before in package-based description logics. While the results concerning subsumption propagation under the adjusted semantics are encouraging, there are important drawbacks. In this article we take a wider perspective, and propose a study of several different alternative extensions of the DDL semantics. For each of them we study the formal properties, and we select the one that, according to our analysis, constitutes a good compromise, and for this case we provide a sound and complete tableaux decision procedure.
Stabilization of β‐catenin affects mouse embryonic liver growth and hepatoblast fate

During hepatogenesis, after the liver has budded out of the endoderm, the hepatoblasts quickly expand and differentiate into either hepatocytes or biliary cells, the latter of which arise only within the ductal plate surrounding the portal vein. Because the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is involved in liver homeostasis and regeneration and in liver carcinogenesis, we investigated here a role for Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in the embryonic liver. A cyclization recombination (Cre)/locus of X‐over P1 (loxP) strategy was chosen to perform adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) invalidation in order to activate ectopic β‐catenin signaling in hepatoblasts; an appropriate transgenic model expressing the Cre recombinase was used. Phenotypic and immunolocalization studies, together with messenger RNA analyses, by microarray and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction approaches were performed on this model during normal hepatogenesis. The loss of Apc allowed β‐catenin activation in the hepatoblasts after the formation of the liver bud and led to embryonic lethality. In this model, the liver became hypoplastic, and hepatocyte differentiation failed, whereas β‐catenin–activated ducts developed and gave rise to fully differentiated bile ducts when transplanted into adult recipient livers. Microarray analyses suggested that β‐catenin plays a role in repressing the hepatocyte genetic program and remodeling the ductal plate. According to these data, in normal embryonic livers, β‐catenin was transiently activated in the nascent bile ducts. Conclusion: We demonstrated a key role for the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in liver embryonic growth and in controlling the fate of hepatoblasts, preventing them from differentiating toward the hepatocyte lineage, and guiding them to biliary ductal morphogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
ASSOCIAÇÃO DE POLITÉCNICOS DO NORTE

iv Dedicatoria v Agradecimentos vi Lista de Abreviaturas e Siglas vii Indice de Figuras ix Indice de Tabelas x Introducao 1 PARTE I – FUNDAMENTO TEORICO 2 CAPITULO I – A PAYSHOP 3 1.1. O que e a Payshop 3 1.2. Como Funciona 4 1.3. Vantagens 4 1.3.1. Para o consumidor 4 1.3.2. Para o Agente Payshop 6 1.3. 3. Para as empresas aderentes 6 1.4. Servico Payshop 6 CAPITULO II – MARKETING 8 2.1. Conceito de Marketing 8 2.2. Satisfacao 9 2.2.1. Estudo da Satisfacao 9 2.2.2. Conceito de Satisfacao 11 2.2.3. Mediacao da Satisfacao 12 2.3. Qualidade 13 PARTE II – INVESTIGACÂO EMPIRICA 17 CAPITULO III – METODOLOGIA DE INVESTIGACAO 18 3.1. Metodo de Investigacao 18 3.2. Materiais 18
Conducta terapéutica actual en las lesiones severas de extremidades

Se realizo una revision bibliografica sobre diversos aspectos de las lesiones de extremidades con el fin de determinar su complejidad y un planteamiento terapeutico adecuado. Se expresan criterios diagnosticos y opciones para el tratamiento de las partes blandas, lo que se considera como el factor determinante en el manejo inicial y definitivo, asi como los metodos especificos de estabilizacion esqueletica en dependencia de las caracteristicas individuales de las fracturas, lesiones concomitantes, de la experiencia y el juicio clinico en estas lesiones potencialmente devastadoras, ya sean en tiempo de paz o bajo condiciones de guerra.
Second Ebola patient is treated in UK

A UK nurse who contracted the Ebola virus in Sierra Leone has been admitted to the high level isolation unit at the Royal Free Hospital in London. The patient has been named as Pauline Cafferkey, a public health nurse at Blantyre Health Centre in South Lanarkshire. She returned to her home late in the evening on Sunday 28 December, having taken a flight from Casablanca to London Heathrow and then transferred to Glasgow. She was admitted to the Brownlee Unit for Infectious Diseases at Glasgow’s Gartnavel General Hospital early on 29 December after feeling unwell. In line with the UK protocol for Ebola cases Cafferkey, who has been writing a diary of her time in Sierra Leone for the Scotsman newspaper, was transferred by military plane to the Royal Free Hospital’s infectious diseases unit in the early …
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PRACTICES AND FACTORS AFFECTING CONCEPTION RATE OF DAIRY COWS IN THE COMMERCIAL DAIRY FARMS

The study was conducted for a year at Chittagong Metropolitan Areas of Bangladesh to evaluate the artificial insemination scenarios and to determine the factors affecting conception rate. A total of 585 dairy cows of 4 genotypes (Holstein-Friesian, HF(0.5) × Local, L(0.5); HF(0.75) × L(0.25); HF(0.5) × Sahiwal, SL(0.5); and HF(0.5) × SL(0.25) × L(0.25) in 15 different dairy farms under different types (A, B and C) of commercial farming were studied. The cows were within 2 to 10 years old and they were inseminated artificially using the semen from district artificial insemination (AI) centre. The overall feeding and management of the cows was different because of different category of dairy farm. The sources of semen of were 97% to 100% from Department of Livestock Services (DLS) and 3% from Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC). The semen of five genotypes was evaluated in different stages: at AI centre and inseminator level. The sperm motility of the semen sample was good to excellent. There being 1316 to 1335 million sperms per ml of semen, 87 to 89% live sperm and 86 to 93% normal sperm cells were observed from the semen samples. And there was no significant differences found between genotypes for this sperm quality. The HF×SL×L genotype produced highest average daily milk (17.23±1.06 liter/day) in summer season in A type farm than other genotype. The HF (0.75) ×L (0.25) genotype was superior for calving interval, postpartum heat period and service per conception than other genotype. The conception rate of different genotype was ranging from 59.13 to 63.65%. The highest conception rate was found in summer and winter season in B type farm and lowest was observed in rainy season. It was found that the conception rate of the cows was dependents on semen quality, semen preservation, time of insemination, breed differences and also seasons.
Statistical analysis of the AC breakdown voltages of ester based transformer oils

Recent decades have seen the rapid and successful deployment of ester oils as transformer dielectrics. When evaluating the compatibility of ester oils with existing transformer insulation designs, it is essential to not only compare the mean breakdown voltages of the oils, but also to consider the role of dispersion and thus the withstand voltage levels (with the acceptable breakdown likelihood). Insulation designers sometimes estimate the withstand voltage of mineral oil from the dispersion of the data, assuming that the breakdown voltages of the oil follow a parametric distribution. However, there is a lack of discussion as to whether this method would be suitable for estimating the withstand voltages of ester oils. This paper uses samples of breakdown voltages of a synthetic ester, a natural ester and a mineral oil to analyze their distributions, and discusses the applicability of using Weibull and Gaussian distributions to estimate the withstand voltages of the esters. It is found that the distributions of ester breakdown voltages, in particular the lowest breakdown voltage, are similar to those of mineral oil. Consequently there is evidence that from the ac withstand voltage point of view the tested esters are compatible for the use in power transformers.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mahasiswa dalam Memahami Grammar dengan Menggunakan Portofolio pada Mata Kuliah Grammar di Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Politeknik Negeri Padang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah dengan penggunaan portofolio kemampuan mahasiswa dalam mamahami G rammar dapat meningkat. Hipotesis yang diajukan pada penelitian ekperiment ini adalah penggunaan portofolio oleh mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam memahami English Grammar. Portofolio itu sendiri adalah kumpulan hasil karya siswa yang bermanfaat dan dapat mempresentasikan usaha, kemajuan dan prestasi siswa dalam satu atau lebih wilayah kurikulum (Paulson, Paulson dan Meyer, 2003). Penelitian ini juga dilatarbelakangi oleh penelitian sebelumnya yang telah dikakukan oleh penliti sendiri tentang pemanfaatan portofolio untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menerjemah mahasiswa di Jurusan Bahasa Inggris Politeknik Negeri Padang. Penelitian tersebut membuktikan bahwa telah terjadi peningkatan kemampuan dalam penerjemahan pada kelompok eksperimen setelah menggunakan portofolio pada mata kuliah Theory and Practice of Translation 2 . Semua data yang sudah terkumpul diolah dengan uji t menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data terdapat perubahan yang signifikan antara pre test dan post test pada kelompok eksperimen dimana mahasiswa tersebut mendapatkan tindakan berupa pemberian portofolio yang harus mereka isi dengan materi yangberhubungan dengan mata kuliah Grammar II. Namun demikian, hasil pre test dan post test yang didapat oleh partisipan pada kelompok kontrol juga meningkat secara signifikan walaupun mereka tidak mendapat tindakan yang sama dengan kelas eksperimen
Estimation of Acid Dissociation Constants Using Graph Kernels

The biopharmaceutical profile of a compound depends directly on the dissociation constants of its acidic and basic groups. We estimate these constants using kernel ridge regression and graph kernels. The performance of our approach is similar to that of a semi‐empirical model (Tehan et al, QSAR & Comb. Sci. 21(5): 457–472, 473–485) based on frontier electron theory, but uses only the annotated structure graph. In particular, no structure optimization is necessary. We discuss advantages and shortcomings of our approach.
Association between screening and the thyroid cancer “epidemic” in South Korea: evidence from a nationwide study

Objective To investigate whether screening for thyroid cancer led to the current “epidemic” in South Korea. Design Review of the medical records of nationally representative samples of patients with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer in 1999, 2005, and 2008. Setting Sample cases were randomly selected from South Korea’s nationwide cancer registry, using a systematic sampling method after stratification by region. Participants 5796 patients with thyroid cancer were included (891 in 1999, 2355 in 2005, and 2550 in 2008). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was age standardised incidence of thyroid cancer and the changes in incidence between 1999 and 2008 according to the methods used to detect tumours (screen detection versus clinical detection versus unspecified). Results Between 1999 and 2008, the incidence of thyroid cancer increased 6.4-fold (95% confidence interval 4.9-fold to 8.4-fold), from 6.4 (95% confidence interval 6.2 to 6.6) per 100 000 population to 40.7 (40.2 to 41.2) per 100 000 population. Of the increase, 94.4% (34.4 per 100 000 population) were for tumours less than 20 mm, which were detected mainly by screening. 97.1% of the total increase was localised and regional tumours according to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) summary stage. Where cases were clinically detected, 99.9% of the increased incidences (6.4 per 100 000 population) over the same period were tumours less than 20 mm. Conclusion The current “epidemic” of thyroid cancer in South Korea is due to an increase in the detection of small tumours, most likely as a result of overdetection. Concerted efforts are needed at a national level to reduce unnecessary thyroid ultrasound examinations in the asymptomatic general population.
Aplicación de técnicas avanzadas de interferometría diferencial SAR para la detección de deformaciones del terreno en Madrid

La interferometria diferencial aplicada a imagenes SAR ha sido utilizada para la deteccion de deformaciones del terreno desde mediados de los 90 (Massonnet, et al, 1994). EN condiciones favorables, esta tecnica permite la obtencion de mapas continuos de deformacion de areas extensas (100x100 km) con precision centimetrica. La interferometria diferencial avanzada consiste en el procesado estadistico de multiples interferogramas diferenciales para obtener informacion de deformacion solo en aquellos puntos que permanecen estables a lo largo del tiempo, bien en las imagenes de amplitud (permanent scatterers technique (Ferreti et al, 2001) o en las imagenes de coherencia (Coherent Pixels Technique (Mora et al, 2003)). Aqui hablamos de procesados de decenas de imagenes. Estas tecnicas consiguen corregir la contribucion atmosferica que enmascara pequenas deformaciones. La preacision alcanzable permite medir deformaciones anuales por debajo del centimetro. El segundo metodo (CPT) es el utilizado en este trabajo para la deteccion de la deformacion en el Noroest de la ciudad de Madrid, cuya diferencia principal con la tecnica de Permanent Scatterers es la eleccion de los puntos estables, que se realiza basandose en la coherencia, no en la amplitud. Esto permite reducir el conjunto de imagenes necesarias para obtener resultados. Este metodo ha sido ya probado con excelentes resultados en la ciudad e Paris (Mallorqui, et al, 2004).
Automatic identification of client-side JavaScript libraries in web applications

Modern web applications often use JavaScript libraries, such as JQuey or Google Analytics for example, that make the development easier, cheaper and with a better quality. Choosing the right library to use is however very difficult as there are many competing libraries with many different versions. To help developers in this difficult choice, popularity indicators that pinpoint which applications use which libraries are very useful. Building such indicators is however challenging as popular web applications usually don't make their source code available. In this paper, we address this challenge with an approach that automatically browses web applications to retrieve the client-side JavaScript libraries they use. By applying this approach on the most famous websites, we then present the trends we observed, and the recommendations that can be provided.
What do students say about the early clinical exposure at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal?

In undergraduate medical education, several institutions are switching over from traditional discipline-based curricula to integrated curricula (Harden, 2000). Some of the curricular innovations that are commonly adopted by progressive medical institutions are community-based teaching and early clinical exposure (ECE) (Hampshire, 1998). ECE facilitates integration of basic and clinical sciences and improves students’ attitude towards basic sciences (Duban et al., 1982). B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Nepal, is an autonomous institution (university) with a tertiary care hospital (Agrawal & Karki, 1999). At the time of the study, the annual intake of undergraduate students in medicine was 40.The pre-clinical curriculum ( rst two years) is integrated (horizontally and to a small extent vertically with clinical disciplines) and partly problem based with an emphasis on early clinical and community exposure and the clinical phase is discipline-wise. Coordinator of each phase takes care of the respective teaching–learning activities. ECE is organized by the preclinical coordinator in consultation with the clinical coordinator. The objectives of ECE are in the curriculum document to which all faculty and students have access. The two institutional objectives of ECE are: (1) at the beginning of the course, while learning basic concepts, the student is to be familiarized with hospital routine and made competent in communication skills and history taking skills; (2) in the later part of the course, some learning experience in clinical skills is to be provided relevant to the ongoing organ system in order to facilitate understanding of the basic mechanisms. The students are posted in small groups to the inpatient wards (medicine, surgery, pediatrics and obstetrics and gynecology) of the tertiary care teaching hospital in the campus, each time for three hours, once a week in the  rst year (16 times) and twice a week in the second year (32 times). In a semester, they are posted to each specialty sequentially twice in the  rst year and four times in the second year. As it is not possible to post all the 40 students to a single specialty at a time, synchronization of ECE and organ system teaching was not implemented. Both faculty and students were provided with individual copies of schedules. Students were instructed to communicate with and examine the patients until a member of faculty arrived, and to maintain a record of cases seen. ECE was implemented at BPKIHS from its inception and has undergone several organizational changes, the latest being the introduction of assessment in 1999 (the year of this study) wherein the record and clinical skills were evaluated. As ECE was under implementation for the last  ve years, we decided to review the programme by collecting students’ perceptions. Though objective assessment was introduced in 1999, there were several organizational lacunae in the assessment and hence this was not included in the study.