Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serotonin transporter distribution and density in the cerebral cortex of alcoholic and nonalcoholic comparison subjects: a whole-hemisphere autoradiography study.

OBJECTIVE Lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex and dysfunctions in serotonin turnover are two well-established factors associated with impulsive and sociopathic behaviors, but no firm neuroanatomical data have linked these pathophysiological findings. The aims of this study were to identify putative areas in the human brain that are rich in serotonin transporter sites, particularly within the medial prefrontal cortex, and to determine whether serotonin transporter density in this area is altered among alcoholic subjects. METHOD Serotonin transporter density was measured among 17 alcoholic and 10 nonalcoholic comparison subjects by postmortem whole-hemisphere autoradiography with [(3)H]citalopram. RESULTS In the human cerebral cortex, serotonin transporter binding sites were concentrated in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex. Substantially sparser serotonin transporter density (up to 35%) was observed in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex of alcoholic subjects in relation to nonalcoholic comparison subjects. After adjustment for age and postmortem delay, this finding remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A lower serotonin transporter density among the alcoholic subjects was observed, specifically in the so-called "affect" region, suggesting an association between ethanol addiction and dysfunctional serotonergic neurotransmission in this area.
Birth Sex Ratio and Determinants of Fecundity in Female Timber Elephants of Myanmar

I assessed the reproductive patterns of captive-born and wild-caught Asian elephants managed by the Myanmar Timber Enterprise. Calving among all female elephants was seasonal with higher births in cool months (October to February) and late monsoon (September). Captive-born mothers have significantly higher fecundity rates with lower inter-birth intervals than wild-caught mothers, likely due to harsh capture and breaking procedures, and inadequate nutrition due to unfamiliarity of foraging grounds and fettering during night foraging. Fecundity peaks between 22 and 25 years, levels out between 25 and 39 years and gradually declines after 40 years in both wild-caught and captive-born females. Complete reproductive cessation is not observed until age 60 in wild-caught mothers and at least age 49 in captive-born mothers, suggesting reproductive senescence is not likely in either captive-born or wild-caught females. Offspring sex ratio is not different from unity and not influenced by birth order of calves, mother’s birth origin or age.
Gender difference in the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms.

OBJECTIVE This study examined gender differences in prevalence of eating disorder symptoms including body image concerns (body checking or avoidance), binge eating, and inappropriate compensatory behaviors. METHOD A random sample of members (ages 18-35 years) of a health maintenance organization was recruited to complete a survey by mail or on-line. Items were drawn from the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Body Shape Questionnaire. RESULTS Among the 3,714 women and 1,808 men who responded, men were more likely to report overeating, whereas women were more likely to endorse loss of control while eating. Although statistically significant gender differences were observed, with women significantly more likely than men to report body checking and avoidance, binge eating, fasting, and vomiting, effect sizes ("Number Needed to Treat") were small to moderate. DISCUSSION Few studies of eating disorders include men, yet our findings suggest that a substantial minority of men also report eating disorder symptoms.
Cloning of a Human Receptor of the NPY Receptor Family with High Affinity for Pancreatic Polypeptide and Peptide YY (*)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are structurally related peptides found in all higher vertebrates. NPY is expressed exclusively in neurons, whereas PYY and PP are produced primarily in gut endocrine cells. Several receptor subtypes have been identified pharmacologically, but only the NPY/PYY receptor of subtype Y1 has been cloned. This is a heptahelix receptor that couples to G proteins. We utilized Y1 sequence information from several species to clone a novel human receptor with 43% amino acid sequence identity to human Y1 and 53% identity in the transmembrane regions. The novel receptor displays a pharmacological profile that distinguishes it from all previously described NPY family receptors. It binds PP with an affinity (K) of 13.8 pM, PYY with 1.44 nM, and NPY with 9.9 nM. Because these data may identify the receptor as primarily a PP receptor, we have named it PP1. In stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells the PP1 receptor inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP synthesis. Northern hybridization detected mRNA in colon, small intestine, pancreas, and prostate. As all three peptides are present in the gut through either endocrine release or innervation, all three peptides may be physiological ligands to the novel NPY family receptor PP1.
Evaluation of Staph ID 32 system and Staph-Zym system for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci

The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate two commercially available identification systems: a new modification of the Staph-Zym system (Rosco, Tåstrup, Denmark) and the Staph ID 32 API system (API System, BioMérieux, Paris, France). A local standard method to be used in routine laboratories was also evaluated. A total of 200 staphylococcal isolates, including strains from both the American Type Culture Collection and the Czechoslovak Collection of Microorganisms as well as 89 clinical isolates, were used in tests of all three identification systems. The Staph ID 32 API system identified from 50 to 100% of the reference strains and 82.1% of the clinical isolates correctly. The Staph-Zym system identified from 90 to 100% of the reference strains and 82.1% of the clinical isolates correctly. Most misidentifications were of minor importance, but in both systems major failures appeared (Staphylococcus aureus was identified as a coagulase-negative staphylococcus). Both systems needed backup from a reference laboratory to determine if two isolates were of the same strain.
HapticMaster - a generic force controlled robot for human interaction

This paper describes the technical principles of a high‐performance force controlled robot, called the HapticMaster. It is designed as a generic platform for applications with human interaction. Therefore, it differs significantly from most industrial robots on the one hand, whereas it also differs from most haptic interfaces on the other hand due to its power. An admittance control paradigm is used, which facilitates a high joint stiffness in combination with high force sensitivity. Typical applications for the HapticMaster are found in virtual reality, haptics research, and robot rehabilitation.
Steady-state model of a single-phase flux reversal motor

In this paper a new mathematical model of Single-Phase Flux Reversal motor (FRM) steady-state modes applicable for its optimal design is described. A new embodiment of FRM designed for fan or pump applications is proposed. Efficiency and energy efficiency class of FRM is higher than of an interior permanent-magnet motor. At power less than rated power the efficiency difference becomes greater which is significant at a fan load.
Distributions of cardiopulmonary variables in pediatric survivors and nonsurvivors of septic shock

The association of cardiopulmonary variables with outcome was investigated in 42 pediatric patients (18 survivors) with septic shock. All cardiopulmonary variables were obtained during active BP support. The variable distributions were separated into ranges by two empiric cutoff methods: normal ranges and the survivor median values. The proportion of survivors with normal values of wedge pressure and cardiac index was significantly (p < .05) higher than the proportion of survivors outside the normal range. The percentage of survival also significantly (p < .05) increased with above-normal values of oxygen consumption, arteriovenous O2 content difference, O2 extraction, pH, and core temperature. There were significantly (p < .05) more nonsurvivors with wedge pressure, pulmonary shunt, and pH values below the survivor medians. Therapeutic goals based on the distributions of these eight variables isolated patient groups with survival rates of 59% to 75%, compared to the overall survival rate of 43%.
PORCINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX (PRDC): A REVIEW. I. ETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL FORMS AND PATHOANATOMICAL FEATURES

The porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is a relatively new disease with rapidly increasing importance for the insdustrial intensive pig breeding. The main causative agent is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and secondary pathogens – the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The disease is primarily seen in large pig farms with continuous production systems where the opportunity for exchange of microflora is more favourable. Mainly young animals from the growing and fattening groups are affected. The leading factor in the pathogenesis is the interaction between M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV. The clinical manifestations depend on the production system and the pathogens involved in the complex. The pathoanatomical changes are various and non-specific, being a combination of the impact of the various agents.
Drug-eluting coronary stents for left main coronary artery disease. Is too much as bad as too little?

in regard to the DES issues. They compared the 7-year clinical outcomes between DES and BMS after treatment of unprotected LMCA disease other than acute coronary syndromes. Although lots of studies have been done before, the follow-up period of Kubo et al is thought to be the longest to date. It is of particular value that such long-term prognosis is available in the field of catheter intervention. One of the main messages from their results is that hard clinical endpoints are same whatever the stent type. In other words, cardiac death and myocardial infarction occurred in 11.0% with DES and 13.5% with BMS. It is a fact that even the target-lesion revascularization (TLR) rate was much higher in the BMS than in the DES group as expected. Because the study was not randomized, it is possible that DES were implanted in more severe lesions as compared with BMS. In fact, insulin-dependent diabetes was more prevalent and the se of drug-eluting coronary stents (DES) instead of bare metal stents (BMS) is now a standard strategy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ischemic heart disease. In particular, after the launch of the second-generation DES, most interventional cardiologists placed their full confidence in these because there were no more concerns about restenosis and stent thrombosis which were thought to be the Achilles’ heel of the first-generation devices.1 Consequently, in the current era of PCI, the remaining problems are the long-term prognosis of DES and their effects on distal bifurcation lesions of the left main coronary artery (LMCA).
Side-Branched AAA Stent Graft Insertion Using Navigation Technology: A Phantom Study

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a side-branched stent graft inserted in an artificial abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), using navigation technology, and to compare procedure duration and dose of radiation with control trials. Methods: A custom-made stent graft was inserted into an artificial AAA using navigation technology in combination with fluoroscopy. The navigation technology was based on three-dimensional visualization of computed tomography data and electromagnetic tracking of microposition sensors. The stent graft had integrated position sensors in side branch and introducer and was guided into proper position with the aid of three-dimensional images. Control trials were performed with fluoroscopy alone. Results: It was feasible to insert a side-branched stent graft using three-dimensional navigation technology. The navigation-guided trials had a significantly lower X-ray load (p < 0.001), but showed no difference in the duration of the procedures (p = 0.34) as compared with controls. Conclusions: Inserting a side-branched stent graft in an artificial AAA using navigation technology is feasible. Side-branched stent grafts and navigation systems may become useful in the endovascular treatment of complicated aortic aneurysms.
Analytic sensitivities of hybrid‐capture, consensus and type‐specific polymerase chain reactions for the detection of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV‐16) DNA is detected commonly in cervical carcinomas; in this study, we have determined the analytical sensitivities of Hybrid Capture, HPV‐consensus PCR, and three HPV‐16‐specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for the detection of HPV‐16 DNA. Samples investigated included a cervical cancer cell line, cervical scrapes from 20 patients attending colposcopy clinics, and buccal swabs from eight immunosuppressed children. HPV‐16 E7 and E5‐nested PCRs [Cavuslu et al. (1996): Journal of Virological Methods, in press] produced positive signals from samples containing fewer than ten HPV‐16 genomes per reaction. HPV‐consensus PCR [Manos et al. (1989): Cancer Cells 7:209–214] and HPV‐16 PCR using primers of van den Brule et al. [(1990): Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25:2739–2743] were of intermediate sensitivity (i.e., produced positive signals from samples containing 250 and 2,500 HPV‐16 genoms/reaction, respectively) and Hybrid Capture could detect just 50,000 HPV‐16 genomes/reaction. Highest rates of positivity for cervical samples were detected with HPV‐16 E7 or E5‐nested PCRs [50% (10 of 20 samples) and 60% (12 of 20 samples) positive, respectively], intermediate rates with HPV‐consensus PCR and PCRs using the primers of van den Brule et al. [both 35% (7 of 20 samples)], and lowest rates of positivity [25% (5 of 20 samples)] with Hybrid Capture. None of eight buccal swab samples from immunosuppressed children were positive by Hybrid Capture, yet three (37.5%) were positive by HPV‐16 E5‐nested PCR. These data indicate that HPV‐16 type‐specific PCRs should be used for the investigation of specimens that may contain low amounts of HPV‐16 DNA. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY: ASSUMPTIONS, STRENGHTS, AND GREATEST WEAKNESSES IN APPLICATION OUTSIDE THE WESTERN MILIEU CONTEXT.

This study reviewed the origin of the rational choice theory and how it came to be adopted as one of the major approaches or paradigms of analysis in the political science sub-field of contemporary political analysis, its basic hypothesis, underlying assumptions, and criticisms of the theory as well as application areas outside the western milieu context. The study adopted the qualitative approach to research, and referenced scholarly text books, articles, journals and monographs in the areas under investigation. The theory arguably, begins, from the viewpoint of the individual, as against viewing various individuals interacting and relating together, social situations, or groups. The emphasis on the individual interest has always been the starting point of the theory, even though some scholars have argued to the contrary. Despite the steps involved in reaching rational decisions, choices and decisions are made simply by ‘muddling through’, as long as the decision made would likely lead to the perceived best possible outcome. Individuals hardly follow the steps provided in the rational model to reach decisions that they regard as rational. Rationality hence is a subjective phenomenon, since an individual from time to time can be both rational and irrational in reaching decisions.
Functional Imaging Studies in Cannabis Users

Cannabis remains the most widely used illegal drug in the United States. This update examines the available literature on neuroimaging studies of the brains of cannabis users. The majority of studies examining the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration used PET methods and concluded that administration of THC leads to increased activation in frontal and paralimbic regions and the cerebellum. These increases in activation are broadly consistent with the behavioral effects of the drug. Although there is only equivocal evidence that chronic cannabis use might result in structural brain changes, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent-fMRI studies in chronic users consistently show alterations, or neuroadaptation, in the activation of brain networks responsible for higher cognitive functions. It is not yet certain whether these changes are reversible with abstinence. Given the high prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents, studies are needed to evaluate whether cannabis use might affect the developing brain. Considerable further work, employing longitudinal designs, is also required to determine whether cannabis use causes permanent functional alterations in the brains of adults. NEUROSCIENTIST 13(5):422—432, 2007.
Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Antennas With Switchable Polarization

The design of an aperture-coupled microstrip antenna with switchable polarization is presented. The antenna is excited by a series microstrip-line-feed configuration through the coupling of a ring slot in the ground plane. For the ring-slot-coupled microstrip antenna, it is found that the minimum axial ratio in the 10 dB-input-impedance bandwidth can be varied between 0.4 and 23 dB when the length of the series stub is changed. Therefore, the antenna can radiate linear or circular polarization with good performances by selecting a proper length of the stub. To realize the voltage-controlled polarization switching, one PIN diode is integrated into the ring-slot-coupled microstrip antenna. Two typical layouts are indicated and their antenna prototypes are implemented. Details of the measured and simulated results are also presented
Nomogram for individualizing supplementary iron doses during erythropoietin therapy in haemodialysis patients

Aims: An adequate iron supplement is crucial not only for prompt erythropoiesis but also for the restoration of tissue iron reserves in haemodialysis patients receiving recombinant human erythropoietin (r‐HuEPO). An attempt was made to establish a comprehensive nomogram that allows individualization of intravenous (i.v.) iron doses according to patients' body weights, the initial status of tissue iron reserves and desired increases in haemoglobin levels.
Memory B cells in T cell‐dependent antibody responses colonize the splenic marginal zones

Specific hapten‐binding B cells were identified in the splenic marginal zones following immunization with hapten‐protein conjugates. Hapten binding by marginal zone B cells does not appear to be due to passive absorption of anti‐hapten antibody. For double immunization with two haptens, 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) and 2‐phenylox‐azalone (Ox) each conjugated to hemocyanin, resulting in the appearance of discrete DNP‐binding cells and Ox‐binding cells in the marginal zone. Very few cells were identified which bound both haptens. The hapten‐binding cells in the marginal zones have a phenotype characteristic of other marginal zone B cells. They express surface IgM but not IgD. Occasional cells also have surface IgG2C. All hapten‐binding cells possessed the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody HIS 14 but lacked those identified by HIS 24 and HIS 22. Hapten‐binding B cells were shown to have been in cell cycle shortly before entering the marginal zone but were no longer in cell cycle after arriving at that site. Once in the marginal zone hapten‐binding cells were shown to remain in that site for upwards of 2 weeks. Following reimmunization with DNP‐hemocyanin, DNP‐binding but not Ox‐binding cells were lost from the marginal zone. At the same time DNP‐binding cells arrived in the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheath and to a lesser extent the follicles. These cells were in active cycle and appeared to give rise both to plasma cells and marginal zone hapten‐binding cells. It is concluded that hapten‐binding cells found in the marginal zones are memory B cells i.e. they have been derived from B cells which have undergone antigen‐driven proliferation, they are no longer in cell cycle but can be induced to re‐enter cell cycle by subsequent exposure to antigen.
NEURAL FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR: DEFINING THE RELATIONSHIP

Over the years, this laboratory has studied radio-frequency (rf) energy effects, such as evoked potentials in the brains of cats, conditioned responses in cats and monkeys, frog heart arrhythmia, and hearing phenomena in cats and humans. A few years ago, one of us (A.H.F.) discussed the possible mechanisms by which rf energy could affect biologic systems in general and the nervous system in particular. ’ The possibilities considered and evaluated included rf energy-induced transmembrane potential changes, conformational changes in membranes, field-induced forces at the neural junction, microthermal effects, and also possible rf effects on tissue thought to have electret characteristics or piezoelectric properties. The solid-state characteristics of the nervous system were regarded within the context of possible rf energy-induced effects, and these possibilities were evaluated. Other possibilities were also contemplated. The evaluation was concluded with the observation that, “The question is not whether there is a possible mechanism, but rather which of numerous possible mechanisms. ” In the work reported here, we made a first approach to answering the question and began to define the relationship between neural function and behavior. We have used essentially the same rf energy parameters in experiments that involved avoidance behavior and brain tissue permeability change as indexed with a fluorescent dye. We found an association between changes in behavior and in brain permeability. We have also found a difference in effectiveness of pulsed and continuous energy on behavior and brain permeability. We wish to make quite clear that we have not established a causal relationship, only an association.
Analysis of Regionlets for Pedestrian Detection

Human detection in camera images is an important task for many autonomous robots as well as automated driving systems. The Regionlets detector was one of the best-performing approaches for pedestrian detection on the KITTI dataset when we started this work in 2015. We analysed the Regionlets detector and its performance. This paper discusses the improvements in accuracy that were achieved by the different ideas of the Regionlets detector. It also analyses what the boosting algorithm learns and how this relates to the expectations. We found that the random generation of regionlet configurations can be replaced by a regular grid of regionlets. Doing so reduces the dimensionality of the feature space drastically but does not decrease detection performance. This translates into a decrease in memory consumption and computing time during training.
Determination of glucosinolate in rapeseed meal by infrared spectrometry.

A method is proposed for the determination of glucosinolate in rapeseed meal by infrared spectrometry. Glucosinolate has a strong absorption peak at 800 cm–1. As rapeseed oil and meal do not absorb at 800 cm–1, they do not interfere in the determination at this wavelength. The relationship between the absorption intensity and concentration of glucosinolate obeyed Beer's law in the range 0.0–43.8 µg. A concentration of 2.4–4.8 µmol of glucosinolate per gram of meal can be detected in this way. One quarter to half of a grain of rapeseed is sufficient to determine glucosinolate directly.