Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a case‐control study of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its increasing trend in northeastern Thailand

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an independent risk factor for development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate the role of HPV infection and the trend in percentage of HPV‐associated OSCC over a 5‐year period in northeastern Thailand. In this case‐control study, 91 exfoliated oral cell samples and 80 lesion cell samples from OSCC cases and exfoliated oral cells from 100 age/gender‐matched controls were collected. HPV infection was investigated by PCR using GP5+/GP6+ primers followed by HPV genotyping using reverse line blot hybridization. Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to evaluate HPV oncogene transcription. Temporal trends of HPV infection were evaluated in archived formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) OSCC tissues using in situ hybridization. HPV DNA was found in 17.5% (14/80) of lesion samples from OSCC cases and 29.7% (27/91) of exfoliated oral cell samples from the same cases. These values were significantly higher than in exfoliated oral cell samples from controls (13%, 13/100). HPV‐16 was the genotype most frequently found in OSCC cases (92.8%, 13/14 infected cases). Interestingly, HPV oncogene mRNA expression was detected and correlated with OSCC cases (P < 0.005). Of 146 archived FFPE OSCC samples, 82 (56.2%) were positive for high‐risk HPV DNA and 64 (43.8%) cases were positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression. There was a trend of increasing percentage of HPV‐associated OSCC from 2005 to 2010. This was especially so for females with well‐differentiated tumors in specific tongue sub‐sites. We suggest that HPV infection plays an important role in oral carcinogenesis in northeastern Thailand.
Dopaminergic neurons in rat ventral midbrain express brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐3 mRNAs

Studies of the trophic activities of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐3 indicate that both molecules support the survival of a number of different embryonic cell types in culture. We have shown that mRNAs for brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐3 are localized to specific ventral mesencephalic regions containing dopaminergic cell bodies, including the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. In the present study, in situ hybridization with 35S‐labeled cRNA probes for the neurotrophin mRNAs was combined with neurotoxin lesions or with immunocytochemistry for the catecholamine‐synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase to determine whether the dopaminergic neurons, themselves, synthesize the neurotrophins in adult rat midbrain. Following unilateral destruction of the midbrain dopamine cells with 6‐hydroxydopamine, a substantial, but incomplete, depletion of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐3 mRNA‐containing cells was observed in the ipsilateral substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. In other rats, combined in situ hybridization and tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the vast majority of the neurotrophin mRNA‐containing neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area were tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive. Of the total population of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive cells, double‐labeled neurons constituted 25–50% in the ventral tegmental area and 10–30% in the substantia nigra pars compacta, with the proportion being greater in medial pars compacta. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase/neurotrophin mRNA coexistence was observed in neurons in other mesencephalic regions including the retrorubral field, interfascicular nucleus, rostral and central linear nuclei, dorsal raphe nucleus, and supramammillary region. The present results demonstrate brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐3 expression by adult midbrain dopamine neurons and support the suggestion that these neurotrophins influence dopamine neurons via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. These data raise the additional possibility that inappropriate expression of the neurotrophins by dopaminergic neurons could contribute to the neuropathology of disease states such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bitcell-Based Design of On-Chip Process Variability Monitors for Sub-28 nm Memories

On-chip process monitor/sensor circuits capture the process corner of a chip in the postfabrication stage. Logic-NMOS and logic-PMOS based sensors, however, fail to capture the process corners for memories, as bitcells have a different implant from logic cells. In this paper, a novel on-chip bitcell-based process monitor (BPMON) circuit is implemented that distinguishes between and detects the standard global corner of memories in any chip. It leverages a current-mirror and a near-threshold biased bitcell array structure that changes the output voltage of the circuit in accordance with changes in the process corner. BPMON separately tracks bitcell NMOS and bitcell PMOS process corners. Silicon data from over 100 chips from five wafers in 28 nm CMOS shows correct bitcell process corner predictions. These predictions show the expected strong correlation with read and write vccmin, enabling vccmin to be lowered below specifications while still achieving a 100% yield.
Deciding like Humans Do

With the objective of building robots that accompany humans in daily life, it might be favourable that such robots act humanlike so that humans are able to predict their behaviour without effort. Decision making is one crucial aspect of daily life. As Damasio demonstrated, human decisions are often based on emotions. Earlier work thus developed a decision making framework for artificial intelligent systems based on Damasio’s Somatic Marker Hypothesis and revealed that overall, the decisions made by an artificial agent resemble those of human players. This paper enhances this work in so far that a detailed evaluation of the first 30 decisions made by the modelled agent during this gambling task was done by human subjects. Therefore 26 human participants were recruited who had to evaluate different graphical outputs that visualized the course of the Iowa Gambling Task played by either a modelled agent or a human. The results revealed that participants tend to categorize the course of the game as human, even if it was from the modelled agent. Furthermore, the evaluation of the different courses showed that participants were not able to differentiate between modelled and human output, but they were able to differentiate these from random courses of the game.
Increased drug delivery to the brain by P‐glycoprotein inhibition

Although the antidiarrheal loperamide is a potent opiate, it does not produce opioid central nervous system effects at usual doses in patients. On the basis of in vitro studies demonstrating that loperamide is a substrate for the adenosine triphosphate–dependent efflux membrane transporter P‐glycoprotein, we postulated that inhibition of P‐glycoprotein with quinidine would increase entry of loperamide into the central nervous system with resultant respiratory depression.
The isolation and identification of kinetosome-rich fractions from Tetrahymena pyriformis.

SYNOPSIS. Axenic cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis W were used to obtain fractions rich in kinetosomes by alcoholdigitonin extraction techniques followed by centrifugation. The morphology of the kinetosomes was examined in the electron microscope at various stages during the isolation procedure, and compared to the morphology of the in situ kinetosome. In the latter preparation the well known cartwheel structure was present, and in addition 9 electron dense dots were displayed at the end of each spoke of the cartwheel. The prepared kinetosomes could easily be identified during the entire process, and there was no apparent change until after the digitonin step. However, with the further fractionation, alteration was found to have taken place in the interior and in the kinetosome wall. The inside appeared “empty,” and we were not able to find 9 triplets in the wall but only doublets. In view of the morphological alterations in the kinetosomerich fractions, chemical analysis still appears to us to be premature.
COSMOLOGY WITH PHOTOMETRICALLY CLASSIFIED TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE FROM THE SDSS-II SUPERNOVA SURVEY

We present the cosmological analysis of 752 photometrically classified Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained from the full Sloan Digital Sky Survey II (SDSS-II) Supernova (SN) Survey, supplemented with host-galaxy spectroscopy from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. Our photometric-classification method is based on the SN classification technique of Sako et al., aided by host-galaxy redshifts (0.05 < z < 0.55). SuperNova ANAlysis simulations of our methodology estimate that we have an SN Ia classification efficiency of 70.8%, with only 3.9% contamination from core-collapse (non-Ia) SNe. We demonstrate that this level of contamination has no effect on our cosmological constraints. We quantify and correct for our selection effects (e.g., Malmquist bias) using simulations. When fitting to a flat ΛCDM cosmological model, we find that our photometric sample alone gives Ωm = 0.24+0.07−0.05 (statistical errors only). If we relax the constraint on flatness, then our sample provides competitive joint statistical constraints on Ωm and ΩΛ, comparable to those derived from the spectroscopically confirmed Three-year Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS3). Using only our data, the statistics-only result favors an accelerating universe at 99.96% confidence. Assuming a constant wCDM cosmological model, and combining with H0, cosmic microwave background, and luminous red galaxy data, we obtain w = −0.96+0.10−0.10, Ωm = 0.29+0.02−0.02, and Ωk = 0.00+0.03−0.02 (statistical errors only), which is competitive with similar spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia analyses. Overall this comparison is reassuring, considering the lower redshift leverage of the SDSS-II SN sample (z < 0.55) and the lack of spectroscopic confirmation used herein. These results demonstrate the potential of photometrically classified SN Ia samples in improving cosmological constraints.
Twittraffic : uma plataforma de monitoração, visualização e identificação de ocorrências no trânsito.

In the current context, the traffic is one of the most critical factors of urban mobility in cities. In this perspective, this paper proposes Twittraffic: a platform for monitoring, visualization and identification of traffic events. The platform enables the sharing of information on social networks like Twitter, so pervasive and collaborative. During the period from December 2012 to March 2013, data were collected (tweets) with content related to transit in the cities of Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. After the analysis and processing of data collected, it was possible to profile the traffic of the cities studied, identifying time, place (streets) and days of the week when there is more traffic events. The study showed results of collecting close to 90% confidence in the context of traffic, which demonstrates the efficiency of the operation of the platform. Resumo. No contexto atual, o trânsito é um dos fatores mais crı́ticos da mobilidade urbana nas grandes cidades. Nesta perspectiva, o presente trabalho propõe a Twittraffic: uma plataforma de monitoração, visualização e identificação de ocorrências no trânsito. A plataforma permite, o compartilhamento das informações nas redes sociais como o Twitter, de forma pervasiva e colaborativa. Durante o perı́odo de dezembro de 2012 a março de 2013, foram coletados dados (tweets) com conteúdo relacionado ao trânsito das cidades de Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Ao final da análise e tratamento dos dados coletados, foi possı́vel traçar o perfil do trânsito das cidades estudadas, identificando horário, local (vias) e dias da semana em que há mais ocorrências de trânsito. O estudo apresentou resultados de coleta próximos a 90% de confiança no contexto de trânsito, fato que demonstra a eficiência do funcionamento da plataforma.
Vaccine therapy for malignant melanoma

The incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin continues to rise worldwide at a rate of about five percent per year.1 In the United States and Canada, melanoma has increased at a rate exceeding that of any other tumor except lung cancer in women. According to the American Cancer Society, about 38,300 patients will be diagnosed with melanoma this year and 7,300 will die from recurrent advanced disease.2 With early diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment, the 10-year cure rate is 90 percent for primary melanomas less than 1.5 mm in thickness (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stage I). However, once melanoma metastasizes to distant sites (AJCC stage IV), prognosis is discouraging. At present, five-year survival is rare, and median survival remains a dismal four to eight months, depending on the site of metastasis. Although in rare instances complete responses do occur, on the whole chemotherapy has failed to improve overall survival. Among single agents, dacarbazine has produced the highest response rates (15 to 25 percent) in patients with soft tissue metastasis, but responses to dacarbazine are less than 10 percent in patients with visceral metastasis. In most cases, responses last only three to six months, with only four percent being complete and only about one percent lasting more than 30 months. In a large study from the Mayo Clinic, only 10 of 503 patients undergoing various chemotherapeutic regimens achieved complete remission and survived for more than five years.3 Although biochemotherapeutic regimens combining cytotoxic agents with interleukin-2 and/or interferon alfa appear to increase response rates, significantly prolonged survival is still limited to the small group of complete responders. In short, no regimen of chemotherapy has significantly improved the overall median survival of patients with advanced melanoma, and no single agent or combination of agents has proved superior to dacarbazine, the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.4,5 Unfortunately, almost all patients with melanoma metastatic to distant sites experience a progressive disease that follows its inextricable course in defiance of C A C a n c e r J C l i n 1 9 9 6 ; 4 6 : 2 2 5 2 4 4
EPIGENETIC THERMAL ADAPTATION OF CHICKENS DURING LATE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT By Aml

The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of high thermal manipulation during late embryonic development on embryo weight, some organs weights, hatchability, hatched body temperature and some blood biochemical and hormonal changes in a local chicken breed. One thousand two hundred Golden Montazah eggs from 44 week old breeder flock (Azzab farm, Fayoum) were used. Eggs were randomly divided over 2 treatments. All eggs were incubated at a constant temperature of 37.5oC and 55% relative humidity (RH) throughout the incubation period until the 19 th days. During the periods from 14 to 17 days of incubation the treated group (thermal manipulation (TM) treatment) was translocated to another setter and exposed to 40oC and 55% RH for 4 hrs per day. At embryonic d 19, eggs of both treatments were placed in hatching baskets. The hatcher temperature was adjusted to obtain 37.0oC and 65% RH for the remaining incubation period. Embryos were sampled at the end of the daily 4 hrs of heat treatment. It was found that: 1. Yolk sac has significant less weight in the TM group as compared to the control group in all embryonic stages and at hatch, 2. Liver weight was significantly lower in the TM group as compared with the control group during all embryonic stages and at hatch. 3. Tibia weights were significantly higher during the incubation stages (16 and 17 days) in the TM as compared to the control. 4. Tibia was significantly longer during incubation stage (16 day) in the TM as compared to the controls. 5. Body temperatures (BT) of the TM hatched chicks were significantly lower than those of the controls. 6. Serum total protein and albumen concentrations were significantly lower during all embryonic stages studied and at hatch in the TM as compared to the controls. 7. Serum glucose concentration was significantly higher in the TM group as compared to the control group during all embryonic stages and at hatch. 8. Serum calcium level was significantly lower during the 14 day of incubation in the TM group as compared to control group. 9. Levels of T3 were significantly lower in the TM group as compared to the control group during all embryonic stages. 10. Concentrations of corticosterone were significantly higher in the TM group than the control group during the 14 th and 15 th days of incubation. In conclusion, high incubation temperatures at the end of embryonic development can induce physiological changes may serve as an epigenetic thermal adaptation because the same mechanisms could be employed for coping with post-hatch heat stress
Design of compliance in robots

Because today's manipulators are generally limited to position-control functions and burdened by the excessive mass implicit in their machine-tool design assumptions, a novel design is proposed to overcome these limitations and lead to lighter, faster, and more useful robots. An elbow-manipulator design with highly geared motors is suggested in which the forelimb is made flexible in one plane, and is light in comparison to the loads. The compliant limb is located between kinematically redundant joints that can rotate the limb, thereby adjusting the manipulator end-point compliance. Nonlinear techniques can be used to augment vibration damping. Such a manipulator can carry out force-control and low-compliance tasks as well as conventional position-controlled functions. <<ETX>>
Safety of early pain relief for acute abdominal pain.

OBJECTIVES--(a) to determine the efficacy of papaveretum in treating pain when administered early to patients presenting with acute abdominal pain and (b) to assess its effect on subsequent diagnosis and management. DESIGN--Prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study. SETTING--Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry. SUBJECTS--100 consecutive patients with clinically significant abdominal pain who were admitted as emergencies to a surgical firm. INTERVENTIONS--Intramuscular injection of up to 20 mg papaveretum or an equivalent volume of saline. OUTCOME MEASURES--Pain and tenderness scores, assessment of patient comfort, accuracy of diagnosis, and management decisions. RESULTS--Median pain and tenderness scores were lower after papaveretum (pain score 8.3 in control group and 3.1 in treatment group, p < 0.0001; tenderness score 8.1 in control group and 5.1 in treatment group, p < 0.0001). Forty eight patients were deemed to be comfortable after papaveretum compared with nine after saline. Incorrect diagnoses and management decisions applied to two patients after papaveretum compared with nine patients after saline. CONCLUSION--Early administration of opiate analgesia to patients with acute abdominal pain can greatly reduce their pain. This does not interfere with diagnosis, which may even be facilitated despite a reduction in the severity of physical signs. These patients should not be denied effective treatment.
REPEAT VISITORS OF A TOURIST DESTINATION

Customer retention is widely acknowledge being a favourable strategy, however, it has received little attention in the tourism literature (Reid, and Reid, 1993; Oppermann, 1999). Only recently a number of studies have studied the impact of previous destination experience and destination choice (Gyte and Phelps, 1989; Oppermann, 1997; Kozak, 2001). Most of these stress the differences between first time and repeat visitors. Despite the efforts, it remains unclear why people undertake repeat visits and what kind characteristics hold repeat visitors and whether they represent a homogeneous group or not (Oppermann, 2000). Therefore, this research aims to identify the reasons for repeating a destination as well as the sociodemographic and psychographic profile of the repeat visitor to a summer destination. Secondly, it aims to investigate whether this repeat visitor attaches emotionally to the community, as a consequence of his regular visits, and then becomes more conscious about the natural and human factors in the place frequently visited. Focus groups will be conducted with repeat visitors and their insights used to develop a questionnaire that will be piloted and later, distributed at the tourist destination.
An Iterative Method of Sensor Calibration in Participatory Sensing Network

With widespread usages of smart phones, participatory sensing becomes mainstream, especially for applications requiring pervasive deployments with massive sensors. However, sensors on smart phones are prone to the unknown measurement errors, requiring automatical calibration among uncooperative participants. Current methods need either collaboration or explicit calibration process. However, due to the uncooperative and uncontrollable nature of the participants, these methods fail to calibrate sensor nodes effectively. We investigate sensor calibration in monitoring pollution sources, without explicit calibration process in uncooperative environment. We leverage the opportunity in sensing diversity, where a participant will sense multiple pollution sources when roaming in the area. Further, inspired by EM (Expectation Maximization) method, we propose a two-level iterative algorithm to estimate the source presences, source parameters and sensor noise iteratively. Our algorithm can converge to the optimal estimation of sensor noise, where the likelihood of observations is maximized.
The effect of supplementation with an antioxidant preparation on LDL-oxidation is determined by haptoglobin polymorphism

Abstract The genetic polymorphism of haptoglobin (Hp) is an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a condition in which decreased resistance to in vitro oxidation of LDL-cholesterol is observed. We hypothesised that the Hp polymorphism is one of the factors modulating the resistance to Cu2+-induced oxidation of LDL during antioxidant supplementation. In this study, 74 middle-aged subjects with increased oxidative stress were allocated to either matched placebo or oral antioxidative treatment (Quatral®) once daily for 16 weeks. Study parameters were increase of lag phase (ΔLAG) and the ratio of lag phase during treatment period versus baseline (relative oxidation resistance, ROR), measured by Cu2+-induced oxidation of isolated LDL. Hp phenotypes were determined by starch gel electrophoresis. A significant and persistent increase of ΔLAG (P < 0.05) and ROR (P < 0.01) were observed after 16 weeks of active treatment versus placebo. Interindividual differences in both parameters were significantly associated with the Hp polymorphism: in the active treatment group, ΔLAG and ROR were significantly higher in Hp 1-1 subjects (P < 0.01) compared to Hp 2-1 and 2-2. Our data demonstrate that Hp phenotype is one of the modulating factors determining the increased resistance to Cu2+-induced oxidation of LDL during antioxidative treatment.