Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vers une théorie unifiée de l'adaptation en raisonnement à partir de cas

Le raisonnement a partir de cas (RaPC) exploite des episodes de resolution de probleme memorises appeles cas afin de resoudre de nouveaux problemes. l'etape d'adaptation, la plus complexe et la plus importante en RaPC, est generalement etudiee dans le cadre restreint d'un domaine d'application. Dans cet article, nous proposons une premiere analyse de l'adaptation de cas independamment d'un domaine d'application specifique. Nous proposons de combiner les etapes de rememoration et d'adaptation en un processus unique de planification qui construit une suite ordonnee d'operations pour passer d'un etat initial (le probleme pose) a un etat final (le probleme resolu). Pour cela, nous argumentons l'hypothese qu'un cas --- decrivant un probleme et sa solution --- peut etre considere comme un plan de resolution de probleme. Ainsi, le probleme de l'adaptation d'un cas peut etre apprehende en etudiant le probleme de l'adaptation d'un plan. Enfin, il est montre comment la rememoration et l'adaptation d'un cas peuvent etre associes grâce aux notions de reformulation et de chemin de similarite. || Case-based reasoning exploits memorized problem solving episodes, called cases, in order to solve a new problem. Adaptation is a complex and crucial step of case-based reasoning which is generally studied in the restricted framework of an application doma
Developmental Changes in Response Preparation to Visual Stimuli

We examined how preparation to respond changes with age. Subjects from four age groups (5- to 7-, 8- to 11-, 12- to 17-, and 18- to 24-yr.-olds) were given a simple visual RT task with foreperiod duration varied between 300 and 2000 msec. Analysis showed that in addition to the expected effects of age and foreperiod, there were qualitative differences between the performance of adults and children: 5- to 7-yr. -olds reacted quickest after a foreperiod shorter than that required by adults to perform best. Conversely, preadolescents' optimal foreperiod was relatively longer than that of either older or younger subjects. In addition, the youngest subjects showed an inability to maintain preparation as efficiently as older subjects. Implications for the development of response preparation are discussed.
Tools for Analysis and Design of Distributed Resources—Part IV: Future Trends

Real-time testing of new and more sophisticated distributed resource interfaces during transients, representing the different physical parts (mechanical, thermal, hydraulic, chemical, electrical, electronics) of a nonconventional generator in a single platform, or analyzing the interactions of distribution systems with distributed generators, energy markets, and customer behaviors are scenarios that cannot be studied with current software packages. This paper analyzes the present status and discusses the future development of tools that could cope with these simulation challenges. This paper includes test cases that will illustrate the scope of some of these simulation tools.
Coordination de systèmes de mémoire : modèles théoriques du comportement animal et humain

Durant ce doctorat finance par l'observatoire B2V des memoires, nous avons realise une modelisation mathematique du comportement dans trois tâches distinctes (avec des sujets humains, des sujets singes et des rongeurs), mais qui supposent toutes une coordination entre systemes de memoire. Dans la premiere experience, nous avons reproduit le comportement de sujets humains (choix et temps de reaction) en combinant les modeles mathematiques d'une memoire de travail et d'une memoire inflexible. Nous avons associe pour un sujet son comportement au meilleur modele possible en comparant des modeles generiques de coordination de ces deux memoires issues de la litterature actuelle ainsi que notre propre proposition d'une interaction dynamique entre les memoires. Au final, c'est notre proposition d'une interaction au lieu d'une separation stricte qui s'est averee la plus efficace dans la majorite des cas pour expliquer le comportement des sujets. Dans une deuxieme experience, les memes modeles de coordination ont ete testes dans une tâche chez le singe. Consideree comme un test de transferabilite, cette experience demontre principalement la necessite de coordination de memoires pour expliquer le comportement de certains singes. Dans une troisieme experience, nous avons modelise le comportement d'un groupe de souris confronte a l'apprentissage d'une sequence d'action motrice dans un labyrinthe sans indices externes. En comparant avec deux autres strategies d'apprentissages (integration de chemin et planification dans un graphe), la combinaison d'une memoire episodique avec une memoire inflexible s'est revelee etre le meilleur modele pour reproduire le comportement des souris.
Anti-nucleosome and anti-chromatin antibodies are present in active systemic lupus erythematosus but not in the cutaneous form of the disease

The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of anti-nucleosome (anti-NCS) and anti-chromatin (anti-CRT) antibodies in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) compared with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A total of 154 subjects were evaluated: 54 patients presenting CLE, 66 patients with active SLE and 34 with inactive SLE. Lupus activity was assessed using the disease activity index (SLEDAI). Anti-NCS and anti-CRT antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Only one of 54 patients with CLE tested positive for both anti-NCS and anti-CRT antibodies. The prevalence of anti-CRT antibodies was significantly higher in active SLE (84.8%) when compared with inactive SLE (26.4%) and CLE (1.8%) (P < 0.001). Anti-NCS antibodies were also more prevalent in active SLE patients (74.2%) than inactive SLE (11.7%) and CLE patients (1.8%) (P < 0.001). The presence of anti-CRT and anti-NCS antibodies was correlated to disease activity in patients with SLE (r = 0.4937, r = 0.5621, respectively). Furthermore, the detection of both antibodies was correlated with disease activity in patients with SLE who tested negative for anti-dsDNA antibodies (r = 0.4754 for anti-NCS and r = 0.4281 for anti-CRT). The presence of these two auto-antibodies was strongly associated with renal damage in patients with SLE (OR = 13.1, for anti-CRT antibodies and OR = 25.83, for anti-NCS antibodies). The anti-NCS and anti-CRT antibodies were not found in CLE. In patients with SLE, there is a correlation of these antibodies with disease activity and active nephritis. When compared with anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-NCS and anti-CRT antibodies were more sensitive in detecting disease activity and kidney damage in lupus patients.
Agglutination of normal and neoplastic human cells by concanavalin A and ricinus communis agglutinin

Agglutination by two lectins, Con A and to a lesser extent ricin, has been investigated in human glia and glioma cells serially cultivated in vitro. No significant difference was found between the normal and transformed cells. The latter formed a spectrum where agglutination could be below or above the level of the control glia lines. Neither was there any difference between normal adult skin fibroblasts and two human sarcoma lines. We suggest that strictly normal cells in vitro are agglutinable by lectins such as Con A. This is also the case for most spontaneous, virus‐ or chemically transformed cells. We believe that exceptions to this rule—exemplified by lines such as 3T3, BHK and FE (a feline embryo line)—have acquired a membrane abnormality responsible for their low degree of agglutinability.
Better practices in collaborative mental health care: an analysis of the evidence base.

OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the experimental literature in order to identify better practices in collaborative mental health care in the primary care setting. METHODS A review of Canadian and international literature using Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and other databases yielded over 900 related reports, of which, 38 studies met the inclusion criteria. A systematic review and descriptive analysis is presented, with key conclusions and best practices. RESULTS Successful collaboration requires preparation, time, and supportive structures, building on preexisting clinical relationships. Collaborative practice is likely to be most developed when clinicians are colocated and most effective when the location is familiar and nonstigmatizing for patients. Degree of collaboration does not appear to predict clinical outcome. Enhanced collaboration paired with treatment guidelines or protocols offers important benefits over either intervention alone in major depression. Systematic follow-up was a powerful predictor of positive outcome in collaborative care for depression. A clear relation between collaborative efforts to increase medication adherence and clinical outcomes was not evident. Collaboration alone has not been shown to produce skill transfer in PCP knowledge or behaviours in the treatment of depression. Service restructuring designed to support changes in practice patterns of primary health care providers is also required. Enhanced patient education was part of many studies with good outcomes. Education was generally provided by someone other than the PCP. Collaborative interventions that are part of a research protocol may be difficult to sustain long-term without ongoing funding. Consumer choice about treatment modality may be important in treatment engagement in collaborative care (for example, having the option to choose psychotherapy vs medication). CONCLUSIONS A body of experimental literature evaluating the impact of enhanced collaboration on patient outcomes-primarily in depressive disorders-now exists. Better practices in collaborative mental health care are beginning to emerge.
Trends in Risk Factors, Patterns and Causes in Hospitalized Strokes over 25 Years: The Lausanne Stroke Registry

Background and Objective: The Lausanne Stroke Registry includes, from 1979, all patients admitted to the department of Neurology of the Lausanne University Hospital with the diagnosis of first clinical stroke. Using the Lausanne Stroke Registry, we aimed to determine trends in risk factors, causes, localization and inhospital mortality over 25 years in hospitalized stroke patients. Methods: We assessed temporal trends in stroke patients characteristics through the following consecutive periods: 1979–1987, 1988–1995 and 1996–2003. Age-adjusted cardiovascular risk factors, etiologies, stroke localizations and mortality were compared between the three periods. Results: Overall, 5,759 patients were included. Age was significantly different among the analyzed periods (p < 0.001), showing an increment in older patients throughout time. After adjustment for age, hypercholesterolemia increased (p < 0.001), as opposed to cigarette smoking (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001) and diabetes and hyperglycemia (p < 0.001). In patients with ischemic strokes, there were significant changes in the distribution of causes with an increase in cardioembolic strokes (p < 0.001), and in the localization of strokes with an increase in entire middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior circulation strokes together with a decrease in superficial middle cerebral artery stroke (p < 0.001). In patients with hemorrhagic strokes, the thalamic localizations increased, whereas the proportion of striatocapsular hemorrhage decreased (p = 0.022). Except in the older patient group, the mortality rate decreased. Conclusions: This study shows major trends in the characteristics of stroke patients admitted to a department of neurology over a 25-year time span, which may result from referral biases, development of acute stroke management and possibly from the evolution of cerebrovascular risk factors.
Non-invasive measurement of mechanical properties of arteries in health and disease

Abstract Major conduit arteries should, by their elastic nature, be able to store blood volume temporarily during systole and release it during diastole. This reduces the systolic blood pressure required for the flow of a given volume quantity and gradually suppresses the pulsatile flow pattern. The haemodynamic characteristics of arteries have consequences for the load of the heart but also for the mechanical load of the arterial wall. The repetitive stretching of the wall (strains of up to 10 per cent) may cause fragmentation of the elastic fibres in the wall, modifying wall elasticity. To maintain wall stress the elastic arteries respond with a diameter increase in combination with an increase of arterial wall thickness. A larger diameter for a smaller distension (change in artery diameter from diastole to systole) will restrict the reduction in storage capacity. Alternatively, pulse pressure may go up, increasing the mechanical load on the wall. In recent years various methods have been developed to assess and monitor the above interaction. Most of these methods are based on ultrasound techniques because of its wide availability and its non-invasive and non-traumatic nature. Presently these techniques enable the assessment of wall thickness, diastolic diameter, distension waveform, i.e. the time-dependent change in diameter, the relative pulsatile increase in diameter, and pulse wave velocity, for elastic and muscular arteries in humans but also in small animals such as rats and mice. The present paper discusses the techniques in more detail.
Rickettsia monacensis and Human Disease, Spain

We identified Rickettsia monacensis as a cause of acute tickborne rickettsiosis in 2 humans. Its pathogenic role was assessed by culture and detection of the organism in patients’ blood samples. This finding increases the number of recognized human rickettsial pathogens and expands the known geographic distribution of Mediterranean spotted fever–like cases.
Aromatase in Human Bone Tissue

Peripheral aromatization of androgens exert estrogenic actions in many tissues. Recently in situ production of estrogens by aromatase was detected in human bone and cultured osteoblasts and has been proposed to participate in the maintenance of bone mass. We examined aromatase expression by immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization in 16 cases of tibia (female 2 male, 14 female, 62 ± 5.2 years old) and quantified the level of aromatase mRNA in 28 cases of rib, femur, and lumbar vertebrae (16 male, 12 female, 58.0 ± 11.3 years old) by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in order to study whether or not and in which cell types aromatase was expressed in human bone tissues. We also studied alternative use of multiple exons 1 of its gene and immunolocalization of type I 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), which converts estrone produced by aromatase to estradiol. Strong aromatase immunoreactivity and mRNA hybridization as well as type I 17β‐HSD immunoreactivity were detected in lining cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes of articular cartilage, and adipocytes adjacent to bone trabeculae in all the cases examined. Amounts of aromatase mRNA varied greatly among the subjects (11.25 ± 9.77, 0.61–42.84 attomol/ng of total RNA). The amount of aromatase expression was not correlated with age or gender of the subjects but positively correlated with the degree of osteroporotic changes evaluated by radiological findings of lumbar vertebrae. Analysis of multiple exons 1 revealed that 1b or fibroblast type was predominantly (23/26) utilized as a promoter of aromatase gene expression. These results demonstrated that aromatase is expressed widely in human bone tissue and may play important roles in maintenance of human bone tissue.
Management of drooling in children: a survey of UK paediatricians' clinical practice.

BACKGROUND Drooling is common in children with disordered oral-motor control. There is little evidence about the comparative effectiveness of different interventions used to reduce the impact of drooling. Anecdotal reports suggest clinicians' management of drooling varies widely. The aims of this survey were to establish which drooling interventions are currently used, how their effectiveness is monitored and how frequently adverse effects are reported. METHODS 151 UK paediatricians completed a questionnaire about their management of drooling. RESULTS Paediatricians saw one new child with problematic drooling and three follow-up children per month. The most common prescribing pattern was hyoscine first line (84.7%) followed by glycopyrronium bromide second line. The reported rate of adverse effects of medications was lower than expected (median 10% for hyoscine). Very few paediatricians used standardized methods of measuring the medication's effectiveness or adverse effects. CONCLUSION Paediatricians regularly see small numbers of children with problematic drooling. Their clinical management of drooling varies; this is most likely because of a lack of evidence about the most effective approach. Comparative trials of interventions and the development of evidence-based clinical guidelines would improve the management of children's drooling.
The Hypercoagulable State in Canine Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a condition in which autoantibodies bind to endogenous antigens on the erythrocyte membrane, leading to complement or antibody mediated red blood cell destruction. These antigens can be created as part of the normal immune response to an abnormal antigen (i.e. band-3, peroxiredoxin-2, or epitope created by an infectious disease) or due to an abnormal immune response to a normal antigen. 2 Agents that have been identified to lead to the formation of new epitopes on the surface of red blood cells include drugs, (ex. sulfonamides) infectious agents (ex. Babesia spp, Ehrlichia spp, Anaplasma phagocytophilum), vaccination and neoplasia. Recent studies, however, have failed to confirm an association between recent vaccination and the development of IMHA in dogs. 9-11 In most cases (approximately 70%), an underlying cause is not identified and the dog is classified as “idiopathic” or having primary IMHA. Thromboembolism is the most common and severe manifestation of the disease process, with studies identifying both arterial and venous thromboembolism on necropsy. 9, 13-16 The highest mortality rate occurs in the acute phase of the disease process and thromboembolic events are a major contributor to the mortality rate.
Cadherin Switch in Tumor Progression

Abstract: The loss of E‐cadherin expression or function in epithelial carcinomas has long been thought as a primary reason for disruption of tight epithelial cell‐cell contacts and release of invasive tumor cells from the primary tumor. Indeed, E‐cadherin serves as a widely acting suppressor of invasion and growth of epithelial cancers, and its functional elimination represents a key step in the acquisition of the invasive phenotype for many tumors. Recent evidence indicates, however, that in addition to the loss of the “invasion‐suppressor” E‐cadherin, another adhesion molecule, N‐cadherin, becomes upregulated in invasive tumor cell lines. N‐cadherin was shown to be present in the most invasive and dedifferentiated breast cancer cell lines, and its exogenous expression in tumor cells induces a scattered morphology and heightened motility, invasion, and metastasis. N‐cadherin cooperates with the FGF receptor, resulting in signals that lead to the up‐modulation of MMP‐9 and, hence, cellular invasion. In addition to a signaling function in metastasis, N‐cadherin probably also supports the systemic dissemination of tumor cells by enabling circulating tumor cells to associate with the stroma and the endothelium at distant sites. Here, we summarize the various aspects of the E‐ to N‐cadherin switching in epithelial carcinomas and its potential impact on metastatic progression.
Primary venous thromboembolism and cancer screening.

For more than a century we have known that deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism may be the presenting feature of an occult cancer. The association between venous thromboembolism and cancer raises three questions: What is the mechanism, how strong is the association, and what are the implications for patient care? The mechanisms of cancer-induced venous thrombosis have been widely studied, mainly in patients with overt cancers. These mechanisms include invasion of cancer cells into the vessel wall, compression of the vasculature by a tumor, and hypercoagulability induced by the cancer. Studies of patients with solid tumors or leukemia using .
Optimum Structures of Proposed New Cascaded Multilevel Inverter With Reduced Number of Components

In this paper, a new cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed. For the proposed inverter, two different algorithms to determine the magnitude of the dc voltage sources are proposed. Then, in order to generate maximum numbers of output voltage levels by using a constant number of power switches and/or dc voltage sources, several optimum structures of the proposed inverter are obtained. In comparison with the conventional cascaded multilevel inverters, the proposed inverter is able to generate a high number of output voltage levels by using a lower number of power electronic devices such as power switches, driver circuits, power diodes, and dc voltage sources. In addition, the low amount of blocked voltage by switches is another advantage of the proposed inverter. The accuracy performance of the proposed inverter in generating the positive and negative voltage levels is verified through the experimental results on a 61-level inverter.
CDK4 gene amplification in osteosarcoma: Reciprocal relationship with INK4A gene alterations and mapping of 12q13 amplicons

The INK4A gene, localized to human chromosome 9p21, encodes p16INK4A, a tumor suppressor that functions at least in part through the inhibition of CDK4, a cyclin‐dependent kinase encoded by a gene at 12q13. To examine INK4A gene alterations in uncultured samples of osteosarcoma and the relationship between INK4A and CDK4 alterations, we analyzed the INK4A and CDK4 genes in 87 specimens from 79 patients. INK4A deletion and CDK4 gene amplification were determined by quantitative Southern blot analysis. INK4A exon 2 was screened for mutation by polymerase chain reaction and single‐strand conformational polymorphism analysis. Methylation at the CpG island in INK4A, associated with loss of p16INK4A expression, was assessed by Southern blot analysis using methylation‐sensitive restriction enzymes. INK4A deletion (4/55) or rearrangement (1/55) was found in 5 of 55 cases. No INK4A exon 2 point mutations and methylation were detected. CDK4 gene amplification was found in 6 of 67 samples, but not in tumors with INK4A alteration. Amplification analysis of other genes at 12q13 (GLI, CHOP, HMGI‐C and MDM2) in these 6 cases supports the view that CDK4 and MDM2 are independent targets for amplification, with variable amplification of the intervening region containing HMGI‐C. Of 46 patients studied for both INK4A alterations and CDK4 amplification, the tumors in 22% contained one or the other. The prevalence of these alterations, in conjunction with the reported inactivation of RB in up to 80% of cases, suggests that genetic lesions deregulating the G1 to S cell cycle checkpoint may be an almost constant feature in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Int. J. Cancer 80:199–204, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Two Rate Three Color Marker

This document defines a Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM), which can be used as a component in a Diffserv traffic conditioner [RFC2475, RFC2474]. The trTCM meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates, Peak Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their associated burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it exceeds the PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it exceeds or doesn't exceed the CIR.