Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain-computer interfaces for individuals with quadriplegic cerebral palsy: A user-centred, exploratory approach

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common form of childhood disability, affecting approximately 2-3 out of 1000 births per year. CP is an umbrella term describing a group of movement and posture disorders, caused by damage to the foetal or infant developing brain. Due to the severity of their physical impairment, it is difficult to gain access to technology that can enable them to communicate. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has been proposed as a new access method for individuals who have little to no motor control. This type of technology is unique as it does not require any physical capability on behalf of the user. Instead it functions through direct communication via neural activity produced by the brain with a computer, enabling even individuals with no muscular control with a means of communication and interaction. Although the technological components of BCIs have been researched heavily for over 50 years, they have not transitioned from research labs to the real world. The focus of the research was to apply an exploratory, user-centred approach to understand the contextual and usability factors that may influence the potential of BCIs for individuals with severe CP and those who care for them. This thesis that incorporates publications, includes the results of three main studies. The first study was a focus group that aimed to gain an understanding of the context of assistive technology (AT) use in New Zealand, through the experiences and perspectives of different stakeholders in the technology adoption process. Initially this study was inclusive of questions regarding user requirements for a BCI to be used as AT. However, participants noted that they did not hold adequate knowledge of the technology and wished for more experience before they felt comfortable addressing such questions. For this reason the next phase delved into the testing and evaluation of an existing commercial BCI by individuals with CP. A final study was completed to gain a more detailed understanding of the perceptions of special education staff and caregivers who took part in the trials, both observing and acting as proxies to our participants with CP. Participants were interviewed following the user testing process and to gain information on their experiences with the different components of the BCI system. Our results indicated that this commercial BCI was not suitable for independent use outside clinical/laboratory settings. Prior to use within an ecological environment, the hardware needs to be configurable, comfortable and accommodate physical support needs. The training approach needs to be less cognitively demanding, more motivating and support personalised mental tasks. For BCIs to transition into the real world, there should be adequate technological support, improved reliability, and a systemic assessment of how the technology will fit into the lives of end users. Participants emphasised the on-going need to involve users and individuals who support them, to create a system that truly meets the needs of the users.
The Life-Cycle Environmental Impact of Recycling of Restaurant Food Waste in Lanzhou, China

The recycling of restaurant food waste can bring environmental benefits and improve food safety for urban residents. We here assessed the entire life cycle of the anaerobic digestion–aerobic composting technique of restaurant food waste recycling using Lanzhou as a case study. We used the CML2001 method provided with the Gabi software and compared the results to those produced using the traditional treatment techniques (landfill and incineration). This work includes a sensitivity analysis of the results. It is here concluded that the anaerobic digestion–aerobic composting technique had the smallest environmental impact of the methods here examined. The life cycle of anaerobic digestion–aerobic composting primarily consumes water, clay, coal, crude oil, and natural gas. The pre-processing phase consumes the most resources, and anaerobic digestion showed the greatest environmental impact. Specific environmental impacts in order from the highest to lowest potential to exacerbate global warming were found to be photochemical ozone production, acidification, eutrophication, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The main factors associated with different environmental impacts and the environmental impacts themselves were found to differ across different phases. Some environmental impacts were shown to be sensitive to electricity, and the eutrophication potential and photochemical ozone creation potential showed the least sensitivity to all variables. To reduce the environmental impact of the anaerobic digestion–aerobic composting treatment technique, the energy structure and consumption of electricity, water, and diesel need to be optimized.
How Hospitals Survived: Competition and the American Hospital

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Improved Capacitive Proximity Detection for Conductive Objects through Target Profile Estimation

The accuracy of a capacitive proximity sensor is affected by various factors, including the geometry and composition of the nearby object. The quantitative regression models that are used to seek out the relationship between the measured capacitances and distances to objects are highly dependent on the geometrical properties of the objects. Consequently, the application of capacitive proximity sensors has been mainly limited to detection of objects rather than estimation of distances to them. This paper presents a capacitive proximity sensing system for the detection of metallic objects with improved accuracy based on target profile estimation. The presented approach alleviates large errors in distance estimation by implementing a classifier to recognize the surface profiles before using a suitable regression model to estimate the distance. The sensing system features an electrode matrix that is configured to sweep a series of inner-connection patterns and produce features for profile classification. The performance of the sensing modalities is experimentally assessed with an industrial robot. Two-term exponential regression models provide a high degree of fittings for an object whose shape is known. Recognizing the shape of the object improved the regression models and reduced the close-distance measurement error by a factor of five compared to methods that did not take the geometry into account. The breakthroughs made through this work will make capacitive sensing a viable low-cost alternative to existing technologies for proximity detection in robotics and other fields.
The Design and Optimization of an Interior, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Applied in an Electric Traction Vehicle Requiring a Low Torque Ripple

An internal permanent magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) was designed for heavy-load traction vehicles applied in port transportation. Based on finite element analysis (FEA), the rotor iron core topology was optimized with the most attention paid to cogging torque and torque ripple. The influences of the iron core on the air-gap magnetic flux density, the back electro-motive-force harmonic, the cogging torque and the torque ripple were investigated. The design scheme of minimizing cogging torque and output torque ripple was obtained. Focused on the relationship between the rotor parameters and the torque ripple, the relative sensitivity factor was proposed and analyzed. Finally, the torque ripple was reduced from 14.4% to 3.84%, after further optimization of the rotor design parameters. The reliability and stability of the IPMSM were also covered. Additionally, the experimental study of the prototype was carried out to verify the FEA results.
Uso de internet, consumo de alcohol y funcionalidad familiar en adolescentes mexicanos

La familia es un factor psicosocial importante para evitar ofavorecer tanto el consumo de alcohol como el usoproblemático de la Internet en adolescentes, por lo quese realizó un estudio que analiza la relación entre estastres variables en estudiantes inscritos en una secundariadel estado de Veracruz. Método. Estudio con abordajecuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional,utilizando un muestreo aleatorio simple estratificado enel que participaron 252 adolescentes, a los que seaplicaron el Test de Adicción a Internet, AUDIT y APGARfamiliar. Resultados. Las adolescentes muestran mayoruso problemático (39.8%) que adictivo (5.8%) de laInternet; el consumo de alcohol con patrón de riesgoafecta al 4.4% de los participantes mientras que elperjudicial al 1.2% y 15.4% resultó con una funcionalidadfamiliar baja. Existe relación entre el uso de Internet y elconsumo de alcohol r = . 181 (p = .0001), y entre el uso deInternet y la funcionalidad familiar r = -. 281 (p = .0001), loque coincide con resultados reportados en otros países. Uno de los hallazgos de esta investigación fue que lasmujeres presentaron un mayor uso de Internet yconsumo de alcohol además de reportar una mayorproporción de baja funcionalidad familiar respecto de loshombres.
Exploring the Benefits and Drawbacks of Age Disclosure among Women Faculty of Color

This article is guided by two questions: How is age an important aspect of social location that, when forthcoming about it with students, can be beneficial for pedagogical purposes? and How can women faculty of color—particularly those who appear youthful and/or are younger than most of their colleagues—address the marginality of their actual and/or perceived age while simultaneously operating in a space that is contested for women of color? I highlight four benefits that arose as a result of disclosing my age to students: It (1) enabled me to provide concrete examples that were illustrative of key course concepts, (2) helped students understand how age is relational and contextually significant, (3) facilitated the creation of a safe space for “nontraditional” students, and (4) allowed me to better control the narrative students crafted about me based on their perceptions of me as an instructor.
“I Didn’t Know Where To Go”: An Examination of Stop It Now!’s Sexual Abuse Prevention Helpline

This study examines data from Stop It Now! ’s Helpline in the United States primarily over a 5-year, 3-month period and offers insights into the needs of individuals and families confronting issues related to child sexual abuse (CSA). Stop It Now! ’s Helpline serves the global community by providing support, information, and guidance to those in need, such as helping to identify and respond to warning signs of sexually abusive behaviors in adults, adolescents, or children. More than 7,000 (N = 7,122) nonidentifiable user records are the subject of this inquiry and reflect individuals who contacted the Helpline between December 1, 2012, and March 7, 2018. The article also places this analysis in a larger context through an overview that includes total user count of this service since its inception in 1995 (N = 21,030). Descriptive statistics revealed that the majority of Helpline users identified as bystanders, family members, or friends/acquaintances of an individual at risk to abuse. The majority of users knew both the person at risk to abuse (adult or youth) and the child at risk of being abused. Twelve percent of users had questions or concerns about their own feelings and/or behaviors that were or could be putting a child at risk of sexual abuse. Chi-square tests examined the relationship between Helpline contact type, level of assessment, and gender. Findings provide insights into this hidden population of individuals at risk to abuse, those who have abused, as well as their friends and families who are seeking support. Study findings also reinforce the importance of CSA prevention helplines that focus on reducing the isolation and secrecy that creates conditions which make children more vulnerable to abuse. Implications for future research and prevention programming are also discussed.
Ethnicity, migration, and weight misperception: a Born in Bradford study

Background: Weight perception may differ by ethnicity but is not well-understood, particularly among migrants to the United Kingdom (UK). It is also unknown whether a figure rating scale (FRS) or perceived weight question (PWQ) is more accurate for assessing body weight perception. Methods: At 24-months postpartum, women in the Born in Bradford cohort (Bradford, UK) completed the 9-item Stunkard FRS and a 7-category PWQ. Both scales were condensed to weight categories representing the World Health Organisation cut-offs. Weighted kappa statistics assessed agreement between measured and perceived weight categories. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests assessed categories of misperception by ethnicity and migration and logistic regression was used to examine odds of underestimation. Results: Thirty percent of white British and 23% of Pakistani-origin women had obesity. Agreement between measured and perceived weight categories were similar for white British women using either a visual scale or weight question (FRS: Kappa; [95%CI]: 0.61 [0.56, 0.65]; PWQ: 0.61 [0.55, 0.68)]. Overall agreement was lower for Pakistani-origin women with the visual scale performing better (FRS (0.58 [0.52, 0.63]) vs PWQ (0.47 [0.40, 0.54]). Pakistani-origin women, particularly those born outside the UK, were more likely to underestimate their body weight compared to white British women; this was greater with the PWQ (18% vs 10%; p<0.001) than FRS (14% vs 6%; p<0.001). Pakistani-origin women were 154% more likely to underestimate their body weight compared to white British women with the FRS and 111% more likely to underestimate when using the PWQ. Conclusion: We observed ethnic differences in weight misperception with Pakistani-origin women more likely to underestimate their weight compared to white British women. Our findings suggest visual scales, rather than perceived weight questions, are more appropriate for the self-assessment of body weight.
Music Content Ranking using Affective Information on Social Media

: It is easy to determine a person's emotion state from their social network presence online. But it is only easy for us humans to correlate these emotions. But in the field of music information retrieval and recommendation, emotion is considered contextual information that is hard to capture, albeit highly influential. In this study, we exploit the user's online presence in twitter to determine his/her state of mind and ultimately provide music suggestions. Particularly, we perform a large-scale study based on data sets containing now playing tweets. We extract affective contextual information from hashtags that are present in social media posts by applying an unsupervised sentiment dictionary approach. Subsequently, we utilize a state-of-the-art network embedding method to learn latent feature representations of users, tracks and hashtags. We find that the suitable ranking method helps in discerning the music preference of the user. For capturing context-specific preferences which is a more complex and personal task, we find that affective information and leveraging hashtags as context information are the best ranking strategies that outperform the other ranking strategies.
Unconsciousness, Subconsciousness & the Creation of Consciousness

One of the most intriguing questions of mankind, if not the most intriguing one, is the question how consciousness arises. Answering this question requires examining the differences between unconsciousness, subconsciousness and consciousness. Especially important is the fact that there are multiple subconscious processes simultaneously, but only one conscious process. Conscious processes can become subconscious, and subconscious processes can become conscious. We show that the switchboard between consciousness and subconsciousness and so to speak the creator of consciousness is the subthalamic nucleus. And we propose a method by which the subthalamic nucleus might control consciousness, namely by monitoring the adrenaline levels of conscious and subconscious processes All principles regarding the creation of consciousness also apply to animals with a brain. We also show how the unique features of human consciousness - language and thinking - are realized neurally and how they are integrated into consciousness and subconsciousness.
Promoting Mental Health and Preventing Loneliness in Upper Secondary School in Norway: Effects of a Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intervention with a universal program (single-tier) in one group, and the combination of this universal program and a selected + indicated measure (multi-tier) in another group. Interventions were designed to enhance the psychosocial environment to reduce loneliness and mental health problems. 17 upper secondary schools in Norway were randomly assigned with six, six, and five schools in the single-tier, multi-tier and control group respectively. An overall increase in mental health problems and loneliness was found in all groups at follow-up. Compared to girls in the control group, girls in the multitier group had a significantly lower increase in mental health problems. Due to small effects, we take caution in interpreting findings.
TVET and decent work in Palestine: lessons learned for fragile states

ABSTRACT This paper examines the role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Palestine through an economic and social development lens, and identifies the lessons learned. The paper discusses the effect of TVET on employment within the notion of decent work, poverty reduction, and empowerment of youth, within a context of marginalization, extracting lessons learned and policy implications to ensure equity and inclusion in TVET and labor markets. The paper also illustrates the effect of TVET on marginalized communities. The case and experience of Palestine can be of value to other countries from various perspectives. The analysis of the marginalized groups engaged in TVET could present a framework of measurement of the effect of TVET on these different groups within a marginalized context that could be of benefit to fragile and conflict-affected states elsewhere.
On the dangers of conflating strong and weak versions of a theory of consciousness

Some proponents of the Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness profess strong views on the Neural Correlates of Consciousness (NCC), namely that large swathes of the neocortex, the cerebellum, at least some sensory cortices, and the so-called limbic system are all not essential for any form of conscious experiences. We argue that this connection is not incidental. Conflation between strong and weak versions of the theory has led these researchers to adopt definitions of NCC that are inconsistent with their own previous definitions, inadvertently betraying the promises of an otherwise fruitful empirical endeavour.
Healing arts therapies and person-centered dementia care

1. Introduction, Roseann E. Kasayka.2. From the Heart into Art: Person-centred Art Therapy, Holly Queen.3. Dance/Movement Therapy: Partners in Personhood, Liat R Shustik and Tria Thompson. 4. Principles of Person-Centred Care in Music Therapy, Karen Hatfield and Natalie McClune. 5. Conclusion, Roseann E. Kasayka, Karen Hatfield and Anthea Innes. References. Index.
WHEN COUPLE THERAPY HAS STARTED BUT AN AFFAIR IS CONTINUING: KEY CLINICAL MOMENTS, CURATIVE FACTORS AND LUCKY BREAKS IN A SELF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUPLE THERAPY AND ITS CONTEXT

In a previous paper on the application of contemporary self psychology to the treatment of couples dealing with infidelity, I decried the chances of repairing and rebuilding the original relationship if one of the partners was still involved with or in love with an extramarital partner. Yet no sooner was that paper published when a couple who met this description began treatment with me and successfully rebuilt their relationship, somewhat to the surprise of all of us, I think. After a brief review of relevant theoretical concepts, the present paper details the case and speculates on the critical clinical moments and important extra-analytic factors that contributed to its positive outcome – including luck, an influence on treatment outcome not often discussed in the literature. Inclusion of the extra-analytic factors highlights the importance of situating treatments in their overall context when presenting them.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease addresses two fundamental aspects of clinical medicine related to Alzheimer's disease (AD): problems relating to diagnosis, especially early diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches currently available or likely to be developed in the near future. Both research and clinical management of AD have progressed significantly in the past few years, leading us to renew our approach to both diagnosis and management. This work is a response to such innovations. The first part covers the multiple factors known to be implicated in the development of the disorder, a review that is essential to the later discussion of diagnosis and therapy. It covers risk factors, in particular genetic factors, the role of the p amyloid protein, neurofibrillary degeneration, inflammation, the mechanisms implicated in neuronal death (free radicals, calcium, amino acid stimulants), and neuroprotection (neurotrophic factors, estrogen). This information is essential to our understanding of current developments in symptomatic treatment and both primary and secondary prevention. The problems raised by the differential diagnosis of AD are clearly presented in a manner that renders this information easily accessible to both specialist and nonspecialist. The accent is placed above all on the difficulties posed by early diagnosis. The absence of a single diagnostic marker implies reference to multiple indicators: clinical markers (neuropsychology, psychobehavioral features), biological markers, and cerebral imaging. Morphological imaging methods are well developed with good quality iconography; the utility of volumetric MRI studies of the hippocampus is particularly highlighted. The potential advantages of functional imaging techniques (functional MRI, PET, and SPECT) are also elucidated with discussion of their respective limitations. Biological markers are described with the reserve that they merit, given the number of so-called "spectacular" findings published in recent years that have subsequently been retracted. The title of the chapter itself ("Biological Tests. . . Fact or Fiction? ") clearly indicates the authors' scepticism. The third part of the book concerns therapeutic aspects. It is particularly informative, covering pharmaceutical treatment (in particular cholinergic treatment), cognitive disorder, and also noncognitive problems (which constitute a major concern in everyday medical management).