Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pavement Image Datasets: A New Benchmark Dataset to Classify and Densify Pavement Distresses

Automated pavement distresses detection using road images remains a challenging topic in the computer vision research community. Recent developments in deep learning have led to considerable research activity directed towards improving the efficacy of automated pavement distress identification and rating. Deep learning models require a large ground truth data set, which is often not readily available in the case of pavements. In this study, a labeled dataset approach is introduced as a first step towards a more robust, easy-to-deploy pavement condition assessment system. The technique is termed herein as the pavement image dataset (PID) method. The dataset consists of images captured from two camera views of an identical pavement segment, that is, a wide view and a top-down view. The wide-view images were used to classify the distresses and to train the deep learning frameworks, while the top-down-view images allowed calculation of distress density, which will be used in future studies aimed at automated pavement rating. For the wide view group dataset, 7,237 images were manually annotated and distresses classified into nine categories. Images were extracted using the Google application programming interface (API), selecting street-view images using a python-based code developed for this project. The new dataset was evaluated using two mainstream deep learning frameworks: You Only Look Once (YOLO v2) and Faster Region Convolution Neural Network (Faster R-CNN). Accuracy scores using the F1 index were found to be 0.84 for YOLOv2 and 0.65 for the Faster R-CNN model runs; both quite acceptable considering the convenience of utilizing Google Maps images.
Interactive Image Restoration

Machine learning and many of its applications are considered hard to approach due to their complexity and lack of transparency. One mission of human-centric machine learning is to improve algorithm transparency and user satisfaction while ensuring an acceptable task accuracy. In this work, we present an interactive image restoration framework, which exploits both image prior and human painting knowledge in an iterative manner such that they can boost on each other. Additionally, in this system users can repeatedly get feedback of their interactions from the restoration progress. This informs the users about their impact on the restoration results, which leads to better sense of control, which can lead to greater trust and approachability. The positive results of both objective and subjective evaluation indicate that, our interactive approach positively contributes to the approachability of restoration algorithms in terms of algorithm performance and user experience.
Formulas for partial entanglement entropy

The partial entanglement entropy (PEE) $s_{\mathcal{A}}(\mathcal{A}_i)$ characterizes how much the subset $\mathcal{A}_i$ of $\mathcal{A}$ contribute to the entanglement entropy $S_{\mathcal{A}}$. We find one additional physical requirement for $s_{\mathcal{A}}(\mathcal{A}_i)$, which is the invariance under a permutation. The partial entanglement entropy proposal satisfies all the physical requirements. We show that for Poincar\'e invariant theories the physical requirements are enough to uniquely determine the PEE (or the entanglement contour) to satisfy a general formula. This is the first time we find the PEE can be uniquely determined. Since the solution of the requirements is unique and the \textit{PEE proposal} is a solution, the \textit{PEE proposal} is justified for Poincar\'e invariant theories.
Gradient Sparification for Asynchronous Distributed Training

Modern large scale machine learning applications require stochastic optimization algorithms to be implemented on distributed computational architectures. A key bottleneck is the communication overhead for exchanging information, such as stochastic gradients, among different nodes. Recently, gradient sparsification techniques have been proposed to reduce communications cost and thus alleviate the network overhead. However, most of gradient sparsification techniques consider only synchronous parallelism and cannot be applied in asynchronous scenarios, such as asynchronous distributed training for federated learning at mobile devices. In this paper, we present a dual-way gradient sparsification approach (DGS) that is suitable for asynchronous distributed training. We let workers download model difference, instead of the global model, from the server, and the model difference information is also sparsified so that the information exchanged overhead is reduced by sparsifying the dual-way communication between the server and workers. To preserve accuracy under dual-way sparsification, we design a sparsification aware momentum (SAMomentum) to turn sparsification into adaptive batch size between each parameter. We conduct experiments at a cluster of 32 workers, and the results show that, with the same compression ratio but much lower communication cost, our approach can achieve better scalability and generalization ability.
Depth Camera Based Particle Filter for Robotic Osteotomy Navigation

Active surgical robots lack acceptance in clinical practice, because they do not offer the flexibility and usability required for a versatile usage: the systems require a large installation space or a complicated registration step, where the preoperative plan is aligned to the patient and transformed to the base frame of the robot. In this paper, a navigation system for robotic osteotomies is designed, which uses the raw depth images from a camera mounted on the flange of a lightweight robot arm. Consequently, the system does not require any rigid attachment of the robot or fiducials to the bone and the time-consuming registration step is eliminated. Instead, only a coarse initialization is required which improves the usability in surgery. The full six dimensional pose of the iliac crest bone is estimated with a particle filter at a maximum rate of 90 Hz. The presented method is robust against changing lighting conditions, blood or tissue on the bone surface and partial occlusions caused by the surgeons. Proof of the usability in a clinical environment is successfully provided in a corpse study, where surgeons used an augmented reality osteotomy template, which was aligned to bone via the particle filters pose estimates for the resection of transplants from the iliac crest.
Exact boundary modes in an interacting quantum wire

The boundary modes of one dimensional quantum systems can play host to a variety of remarkable phenomena. They can be used to describe the physics of impurities in higher dimensional systems, such as the ubiquitous Kondo effect or can support Majorana bound states which play a crucial role in the realm of quantum computation. In this work we examine the boundary modes in an interacting quantum wire with a proximity induced pairing term. We solve the system exactly by Bethe Ansatz and show that for certain boundary conditions the spectrum contains bound states localized about either edge. The model is shown to exhibit a first order phase transition as a function of the interaction strength such that for attractive interactions the ground state has bound states at both ends of the wire while for repulsive interactions they are absent. In addition we see that the bound state energy lies within the gap for all values of the interaction strength but undergoes a sharp avoided level crossing for sufficiently strong interaction, thereby preventing its decay. This avoided crossing is shown to occur as a consequence of an exact self-duality which is present in the model.
Emotion recognition with 4kresolution database

Classifying the human emotion through facial expressions is a big topic in both the Computer Vision and Deep learning fields. Human emotion can be classified as one of the basic emotion types like being angry, happy or dimensional emotion with valence and arousal values. There are a lot of related challenges in this topic, one of the most famous challenges is called the 'Affect-in-the-wild Challenge'(Aff-Wild Challenge). It is the first challenge on the estimation of valence and arousal in-the-wild. This project is an extension of the Aff-wild Challenge. Aff-wild database was created using images with a mean resolution of 607*359, I and Dimitrios sought to find out the performance of the model that is trained on a database that contains4K resolution in-the-wild images. Since there is no existing database to satisfy the requirement, I built this database from scratch with help from Dimitrios and trained neural network models with different hyperparameters on this database. I used network models likeVGG16, AlexNet, ResNet and also some pre-trained models like Ima-geNet VGG. I compared the results of the different network models alongside the results from the Aff-wild database to exploit the optimal model for my database.
Effects of orthotic intervention during running among individuals with functional flatfoot

Foot orthotics are commonly prescribed to runners with functional flatfoot (FFF) with the goal of restoring the medial arch of the foot. In addition, treadmills are typically used by both clinicians and researchers in order to measure the lower extremity kinematics associated with running. However the mechanism of orthotic intervention as well as the accuracy of treadmills in representing overground running remains controversial within the literature. This thesis first compared the lower extremity kinematics between treadmill and overground running among individuals with a subtalar neutral foot type. The results indicated no significant differences with respect to rate of rearfoot angle, maximum internal tibial rotation angle and rate of internal tibial rotation between the two running surfaces. However, maximum rearfoot angle was significantly higher during treadmill running. In addition, this thesis compared the lower extremity kinematics during running between individuals with subtalar neutral and FFF foot types. The results indicated similar lower extremity kinematics during running between groups as no significant differences were found between maximum rearfoot angle, rate of rearfoot angle or rate of internal tibial rotation. However, the subtalar neutral group demonstrated significantly higher maximum internal tibial rotation angles when compared to the FFF group. Finally, this thesis investigated the effects of orthotic intervention on the lower extremity kinematics during running among individuals with FFF. The results suggest that orthotics significantly decrease maximum rearfoot angle and maximum internal tibial rotation angle during running among this population. However, rate of rearfoot angle and rate of internal tibial rotation were not affected.
Conceptualising the role of intermediaries in the youth labour market: a survey of the global literature

This paper examines the role of ‘intermediary organisations’ in the labour market, and in particular, the employment contribution of the work of intermediaries operating in the youth sector. The analysis will highlight the positive impact of these micro‐level programmes on youth employment. The paper also comprises a selection of country case studies – looking at the work of intermediaries in the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK), Australia and in the global advocacy work of the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The analysis seeks to represent ‘the labour market’ and its various mechanisms ‐ including the transition of young people from school into work ‐ as socially constructed. In many instances, the labour market acts to exclude youth from entry into first‐time employment through mechanisms such as segmentation and discrimination. However, the labour market is also amenable to more active interventions by intermediaries. Although limited by the small scale of their localised labour market work, these interventions appear to be far more successful in facilitating a successful transition into first‐time employment than is the case with government programmes, especially large‐scale national public works schemes. A clearer understanding of why these small‐scale interventions work will be of great assistance in formulating future youth labour market interventions. © REDI3x3 1 www.REDI3x3. org The Research Project on Employment, Income Distribution and Inclusive Growth is based at SALDRU at the University of Cape Town and supported by the National Treasury. Views ex‐ pressed in REDI3x3 Working Papers are those of the authors and are not to be attributed to any of these institutions. For a short article based on this paper, see the online forum Econ3x3, September 2015.
Relación entre factores de riesgo cardiovascular y la ingesta de energía y nutrientes en adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad de la Institución Educativa Scipión E. Llona, Miraflores

OBJETIVE: To identify the relationship between the cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and the intake of energy and nutrients in adolescents with overweight or obesity of the public school Scipion E. Llona, Miraflores. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of 85 adolescents, boys and girls from 11 to 14 years old with overweight or obesity, they were selected from a total of 430 adolescents by using the reference population of Must et al. with the following diagnosis criteria: 85 to 95 percentile, overweight; higher than 95 percentile, obese. RESULTS: 40% (n=34) were obese. The average of waist circumference was higher in obese (84.6 cm) than in the overweight adolescents (76.7 cm). The overweight adolescents had lower values of systolic (SBP) and dyastolic blood pressure (DBP) than the obese (p<0.05). The antecedent of obesity in the mother was the most important. The analysis of lipid profile was made in a subsample of 38 adolescents. The average of total-cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were higher in the obese than in the overweight adolescents.The HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 40 mg/dl and 43 mg/dl, respectively. The intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate was higher in obese (2358 kcal, 81,9 g, 72 g y 370,5 g, respectively). The adolescents at ‘risk’ by waist circumference, TC, LDL-C and TG showed higher intakes than the adolescents with ‘no risk’. CONCLUSIONS: The waist circumference and triglycerides were the predominant cardiovascular risk factors in obese. The adolescents with obesity showed an energy, fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrates intake significatively higher (p<0.05) in comparison with the intake of the adolescents with overweight. The energy, proteins, fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates and fiber intake was significatively associated (p<0.05) with the anthropometric and biochemical CVR factors, except for the HDL-C.
Geophysics and Tectonics of the Snake River Plain, Idaho

Although the regional surface geology of the Snake River Plain in Idaho is well known and many shallow and a few deep holes have been drilled on the plain, major uncertainties remain concerning the structure of the plain. Seismic refraction profiles have revealed that under the plain a thin upper crust overlies a lower crust which is thicker than that under the Basin and Range province to the south. The large Bouguer gravity high over the plain reflects this thin upper crust, but in the central and western plain it also indicates a dense layer at intermediate depth. Superimposed on the gravity high is a low produced by low-density sedimentary and volcanic rocks that partly fill the depression of the plain, which is in approximate isostatic equilibrium with the adjoining highlands. The regional magnetic anomaly over the central and western plain reflects a layer of strongly magnetized rock that is probably volcanic and, in the east, an upper crust made up of a complex of magnetized bodies. Near-surface heat flow is lower over the axis of the plain than along the margins, but this may or may not reflect the deep heat flow. A large negative P-wave delay anomaly lies along the northwest edge of the eastern plain. The western and central segments of the Snake River Plain appear to be a fault-bounded depression containing a layer of dense, strongly magnetized rock that may be Miocene basalt overlain by silicic volcanic rocks and interbedded basalt flows and sediments Rocks typical of the upper crust of continents may not occur under the axis of this part of the plain. The eastern Snake River Plain is more likely a downwarp containing a complex of calderas with a great thickness of silicic volcanic rocks overlain by interbedded basalt flows and sediments. Fissures, along which the younger basalts have been erupted, parallel trends of the basin and range structures to the north and south of the eastern plain and may be extensions of these structures. Although typical upper crustal rocks may underlie the eastern plain, the geologic structure in these rocks appears to be ‘U. S. Geological Survey. Salt Lake City, Utah 84101. different from the adjoining regions. The evolution of the eastern Snake River Plain appears to have consisted of a northeastward-moving center of volcanism that is now at Yellowstone National Park and of an increase in the density of the crust by a corresponding thinning of the upper crust and the resulting subsidence. Current deformation of the eastern plain is a southwest extension, parallel to the plain.
Information technologies Landscape Design System Based on Virtual Reality

City Park landscape design can be divided into two parts including city park green space system planning, landscape spatial planning and specific space design, it is a way of thinking and solutions dealing with the relationship between artificial and natural environment. This thesis taking virtual reality design of city park landscape design as a starting point based on augmented reality by visual computing of virtual reality of landscape design system. Aiming at the problem that the applications of the augmented reality technology in various fields are mainly dominated by the functions of browsing and displaying, lack of the interaction with users, this article studies the key technology of the augmented reality based on visual calculation. The transfer matrixes among the coordinate systems are determined through the mark points on the two already known images, which achieves the virtual-real registration of AR system. Secondly, the method of virtual-real synthesis display is designed in the environment of OpenGL, through which the images of virtual objects and real scenes are displayed in the same window. Finally, this article sums up the interactive operation functions supplied for users into the three aspects of the interaction with the real world, the interaction with the virtual object and the interaction with the history, and designs a kind of method of utilizing relevant parameters of virtual-real synthesis to store and call out the virtual-real synthesis effect in real scene, and the living examples verify the effectiveness of the method.
Peut-on modifier l'histoire naturelle des douleurs pancréatiques au cours de la pancréatite chronique?

Toutefois, cette maladie ne représente pas une entité unique bien définie, car ses causes sont multiples [2], sa pathogénie complexe et mal comprise, et sa présentation clinique variable. En effet, les lésions inflammatoires chroniques du parenchyme pancréatique entraînent la destruction progressive des cellules acinaires qui seront remplacées par du tissu fibreux au niveau périlobulaire, puis péricanalaire, amenant l’obstruction des canaux secondaires et du canal principal [3]. Enfin, ce processus inflammatoire fibrosant peut induire des complications intraou extra-pancréatiques, chacune d’elles étant responsable d’une symptomatologie clinique spécifique. Physiopathologie de la douleur dans la pancréatite chronique
THE EFFECT OF CARBOPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY REGULATION ON HEARING FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

Introduction: The incidence of hearing loss after treatment with carboplatin-based chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were evaluated, and relationships of loss with host factors, treatment-related factors were investigated. Objective: To evaluate the effect of giving a carboplatin chemotherapy regimen for 6 times chemotherapy (serial chemotherapy) on hearing function in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The incidence of hearing loss after treatment with carboplatin-based chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were evaluated, and relationships of loss with host factors, treatment-related factors were investigated. Method: Thirty NPC patients were treated with carboplatin chemotherapy from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed. Pure tone audiometry and Distortion Product of Otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) were performed during the follow-up period, with a median time of 36 months, ranging from 24 to 36 months. Correlation of SNHL at frequencies (pure tone average, 0.5-8 kHz) with a series of factors was analyzed. Results: Among 30 participant (60 ears), using the Wilcoxon test, the mean threshold after series III was significant (p=0,000) and the mean of after series VI and significant (p= 0,000). The relationship between DPOAE results and pure tone audiometry was also carried out in the early stages of series III. Kaplan Meier's survival analysis improvement from post-III series (6 weeks) of participants who survived as many as 23 participants (76.67%) and in the post-chemotherapy evaluation of VI series (15 weeks) participants who survived as many as 8 participants. Bivariate statistical analysis using the Spearman non-parametric correlation test, there was a significant relationship between the mean dose and the decrease in the hearing threshold. p=0.00 (<0.01). Conclusion: For NPC patients treated with carboplatin chemotherapy, There was an effect on the hearing function of the administration of carboplatin chemotherapy regimen for 6 series chemotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
ANALYSING STUDENT TOURIST MOVEMENT BASED ON THE UTILITY MAXIMISATION IN DESIGNING TOUR PACKAGE IN JOHOR BAHRU

Abstract. Tourism industry has played a vital role in the economic development of Malaysia by driving influx of people, capital and commodities into a potentially wealthy country. Tourism also contributed to a foreign exchange earning of most South East Asian countries including Malaysia. The aim of this paper is to analyse and understand the tourist movement pattern from utility maximisation point of view in reference to the spatial pattern of tour package design in Johor Bahru. Tourist movements from one destination to the other solely depends on the tourist attractions sites available in the area and this corresponds to tourist decision on where, when, how and what time to move from one attraction site to the other. The workflow of this study until the final product is the geospatial map of the tour package that has been statistically analyse from the design questionnaire issued to students on tourism aspects. The method used in identifying and determining the utility maximisation of the arrival time and duration time for each attraction is the mode model. From the statistical result, data validation has been constructed to identify whether the result obtain is significantly accepted or fit by using the elementary statistical test. The final output has been presented in various graph to identify the maximum utility for the arrival and time duration for tour package. *For example, tour package G contains Hutan Bandar, Johor Zoo, Johor Grand Palace, Jalan Tan Hiok Nee Bangunan Kedai Lama and Bazar Karat as the listed attractions together with their corresponding arrival times and durations of time spent.