Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of image features between weave embroidered Thangka and piles embroidered Thangka

Thangka is a treasure of Tibetan culture. In its digital protection, most of the current research focuses on the content of Thangka images, not the fabrication process. For silk embroidered Thangka of "Guo Tang", there are two craft methods, namely, weave embroidered and piles embroidered. The local texture of weave embroidered Thangka is rough, and that of piles embroidered Thangka is more smooth. In order to distinguish these two kinds of fabrication processes from images, a effectively segmentation algorithm of color blocks is designed firstly, and the obtained color blocks contain the local texture patterns of Thangka image; Secondly, the local texture features of the color block are extracted and screened; Finally, the selected features are analyzed experimentally. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed features can well reflect the difference between methods of weave embroidered and piles embroidered.
Deep visual-semantic for crowded video understanding

Visual-semantic features play a vital role for crowded video understanding. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have experienced a significant breakthrough in learning representations from images. However, the learning of visualsemantic features, and how it can be effectively extracted for video analysis, still remains a challenging task. In this study, we propose a novel visual-semantic method to capture both appearance and dynamic representations. In particular, we propose a spatial context method, based on the fractional Fisher vector (FV) encoding on CNN features, which can be regarded as our main contribution. In addition, to capture temporal context information, we also applied fractional encoding method on dynamic images. Experimental results on the WWW crowed video dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperform the state of the art.
Coma in the diabetic.

COMA in the diabetic is not always diabetic coma, yet it is surprising how frequently this diagnosis may be made because of failure to consider all of the facts of the case. While, from the very nature of his disease, the diabetic is particularly liable to develop the ketosis which, should it become severe, will produce the so-called diabetic coma, yet, on the other hand, he is not immune to any of those conditions which may produce coma in the nondiabetic. At this stage it might be well to define just what we mean by "coma ". Unfortunately there has arisen a tendency to apply this word to any degree of ketosis in the diabetic without reference to his clinical condition; actually it means a somnolent state. In the present discussion we shall limit the use of the word to those conditions in which there is a severe depression of the sensorium, commencing with at least an obvious degree of clouding of the intellect, through the scale to the state of com-
[Use of the laryngeal mask in oral and dental surgery].

OBJECTIVE The suitability of the laryngeal mask (LM) for anesthesia in oral and dental surgery of the face was investigated considering in particular the risks of aspiration and dislocation. We also examined acceptability to the surgeon. METHODS In a prospective study, a total of 105 patients (ASA I-III) was included. Provided with flexible LMs, patients were operated upon the third molars (n = 64), around the dentoalveolar area (n = 32) and extraorally (n = 9). The number of placing efforts, preoperative leakage pressure, cuff pressure and complications occurring during the course of anesthesia were recorded. After the operation, the procedure was compared to endotracheal anesthesia (ETA) by the surgeon. A retrospective study comparing LM with ETA was performed on 1395 patients examining the time in between two operations, the period from the end of operation to the beginning of control of vital signs in the recovery room, and the time spent in the recovery room. The number of patients necessitating a change of anesthesia from LM to ETA was recorded. RESULTS In 33 patients (31%), intraoperative leakage due to dislocation was observed. 33 patients (31%) had obstruction of the airway. Only when leakage occurred together with obstruction of the airway, SaO2 fell below 94% (n = 11). This was seen in particular during exposure of the wisdom teeth. In 2 of these cases, SaO2 decreased below 70 or 34% respectively. Aspiration of blood, gastric juice or dental and bone fragments was not observed. In one case, ETA became necessary. 19 patients complained of local pains (cough, sore throat, dysphagia). Operative conditions for the surgeon were comparable to oral ETA in 79% of the cases. The time in between two operations decreased about 35%, the period from the end of operation until first control of vital signs in the recovery room was reduced of about 41%, and the time spent in the recovery room decreased by 37% when compared to ETA. Out of 1111 anesthesias performed with the LM, 17 had to be exchanged for ETA. CONCLUSION Leakage due to dislocation of the LM and airway obstruction only leads to a relevant risk of SaO2 to drop if both components occur simultaneously. With increasing experience and close cooperation between surgeon and anesthesiologist, they may be almost completely avoided so that even exposure of the lower, wisdorri teeth will seldom iiecessiiate the LM to be replaced by ETA. In relation to the tongue depressor, cuff pressure should be kept at low levels in order to obtain better flexibility of the LM. The LM provides sufficient protection against aspiration of intraoperative fluid in the pharynx. Acceptability to the surgeon is high because of good operative conditions and shortened periods in between two operations when compared to ETA. Improved protective reflex responses after the operation and its advantages when used in patients with tightness of the jaw make the LM a suitable instrument for anesthesia in oral and dental surgery.
Silicon microspheres

Morphology-dependent resonances are observed in silicon microspheres, both in the transmission and elastic scattering spectra in the O-band. Approximately 23% of the power is coupled out at the resonance wavelength. The highest observed quality factor for the morphology dependent resonances was on the order of 105. These resonances have a linewidth of 0.007 nm and a mode spacing of 0.19 nm.
Si/silicon nanowire/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) heterojunction solar cells

Conventional manufacturing processes of solar cells, including epitaxy, diffusion, deposition and dry etching, are high cost and high power consumption. To save energy and reduce expenses, we use organic material, silicon nanostructure and solution process. The devices structure is n-type bulk Si (n-Si)/n-type silicon nanowires (nSiNWs)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) heterostructure. The active region includes n-Si and n-SiNW arrays, promising the property of ultra low reflection for high light absorption. In this work, SiNWs of only a-few hundred nanometers could lower the reflectance to below 5%. In addition, an organic material – PEDOT:PSS, instead of p-type doping, is introduced to form a p-n junction with n-Si/n-SiNWs for separating the electron-hole pairs. The use of PEDOT:PSS can also passivate the surface defects of n-SiNWs. N-type SiNW arrays are made by aqueous etching process. The etchant contains Ag and HF etching vertically to the 1-10 Ω-cm Si (100) wafers. After etching and removing residual Ag and SiO2 by nitric acid and diluted HF successively, n-SiNW arrays existed on either surfaces of n-Si with very dark color; then Ti and Ag were evaporated on n-Si to be a cathode. Finally, nanowires of n-Si/n-SiNWs were stuck on the PEDOT:PSS that were spin-coated on the ITO coated glass to form a core-sheath heterojunction. The performance and quantum efficiencies (QE) were measured. The short circuit current density and power conversion efficiency are 27.46 mA/cm and 8.05%, respectively, which are higher than other solar cells containing SiNWs. The external and internal QE are beyond 50% and 60% in visible range, respectively.
In vivo depth-resolved birefringence measurements of the human retinal nerve fiber layer using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography

Changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and birefringence may both precede clinically detectable glaucomatous vision loss. Early detection of retinal nerve fiber layer changes may enable treatment to prevent permanent loss of vision. Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) can provide objective information on retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and birefringence. PS-OCT scans around the optic nerve head (ONH) of two healthy young volunteers were made using 10 concentric circles of increasing radius. Both the mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and mean retinal nerve fiber birefringence for each of 48 sectors on a circle were determined with data analysis. Birefringence of healthy RNFL is constant as a function of scan radius but varies as a function of position around the ONH, with higher values occurring superior and inferior to the ONH. Measured double pass phase retardation per unit depth values around the ONH range between 0.10 and 0.35 °/μm, equivalent to birefringence values of 1.2•10-4 and 4.1•10-4 respectively, measured at a wavelength of 840 nm. Consequently, conversion of phase retardation measurements (as obtained with scanning laser polarimetry) to RNFL thickness measurements, assuming a constant birefringence value, will yield thickness values that are incorrect.
Active control for droplet-based microfluidics

Active control of microdroplets in microchannels is an important task in droplet-based microfluidics. The breakup process of droplets at an T-junction is usually controlled passively by the fluidic resistance of the branches. We used thermal control to actively manipulate aqueous droplets in microchannels. The temperature affects both viscosity and interfacial tension between the phases. The concept was first simulated with a two-dimensional model. The simulation results show that increasing temperature at a branch can change the size ratio of the two daughter droplets from 0 to 1. That means, droplet switching is possible with this concept. Control of droplet size during the formation process and splitting process was demonstrated experimentally by varying the temperature of the branches. At a critical temperature, droplet switching can be achieved. The used control temperature of less than 40 ◦C shows that this active control concept is suitable for biochemical applications. Thermal control promises to be a simple and effective manipulation method for droplet-based lab on a chip.
Urban Hopper

ABSTRACT Hopping robots provide the possibility of breaking the link between the size of a ground vehicle and the largest obstacle that it can overcome. For more than a decade, DARPA and Sandia National Laboratories have been developing small-scale hopping robot technology, first as part of purely hopping platforms and, more recently, as part of platforms that are capable of both wheeled and hopping locomotion. In this paper we introduce the Urban Hopper robot and summarize its capabilities. The advantages of hopping for overcoming certain obstacles are discussed. Several configurations of the Urban Hopper are described, as are intelligent capabilities of the system. Key challenges are discussed.
A closer look at U-net for road detection

Autonomous cars establish driving strategies by employing detection of the road. Most of the previous methods detect road with image semantic segmentation, which identifies pixel-wise class labels and predicts segmentation masks. We propose U-net, a novel segmentation network by learning deep convolution and deconvolution features. The architecture consists of an encoder and decoder network. The encoder network is trainable with a corresponding decoder network followed by a pixel-wise classification layer. The architecture of the encoder network is topologically identical to the convolutional layers. The novelty of U-net lies in the manner in which the decoder deconvolves its lower resolution input feature maps. Specifically, the decoder network conjoins the encoder convolution features and decoder deconvolution features using the "concat" function, which achieves a good mapping between classes and filters at the expansion side of the network. The network is trained end-to-end and yields precise pixel-wise predictions at the original input resolution.
Opportunistic tri-band carrier aggregation in licensed spectrum for multi-operator 5G hetnet

Increasing capacity of mobile networks is a real challenge due to rapid increasing of traffic demands and spectrum scarcity. Carrier aggregation technology is aimed to increase the user data rate by combining the throughput of few spectrum bands, even if they are not physically collocated. Utilization of unlicensed Wi-Fi 5 GHz band for mobile transmission opens new perspectives for carrier aggregation due to vast amount of spectrum range, which can be available for aggregation to supplement data rates for end users. There are many solutions proposed to enable mobile data transmission in unlicensed band without disturbing interference for the existing Wi-Fi users. The paper presents a new approach for opportunistic carrier aggregation in licensed and unlicensed band for multi-operator 5G network. It allows multiple network operators to utilize unlicensed spectrum opportunistically if it is not currently used by Wi-Fi or other mobile network operators. Performance of the proposed approach has been simulated in case of two competing operators. Simulation results reveal that applying the proposed method ensures achieving satisfactory performance of carrier aggregation for the case of two network operators.
Sensing rich drive trains for modern mechatronic systems: first year progress report

In this paper, the advantages of sensing rich approaches to the design of mechatronic systems are explored for the power transmission mechanism or drive train under servo control. The drive train is a fundamental element of any motion control system. Two cases of utilizing various sensing means for controls of drive trains are presented: 1) the use of vision cameras for real time generation of the reference inputs for robot joints for tracking of straight lines in the task space, and 2) the use of accelerometer for fine tuning of the parameters of servo controllers.
The Modernization Disease Syndrome as Substrate Pellagra-Beriberi : A New Diagnostic Entity : Synergistic Malnutrition From Interacting Food Modifications

Today's multiple food manipulations may interact to produce a wide-spread difficult-toidentify synergistic malnutrition presenting as a highly idiosyncratic substrate-cat alystantinutrient vitamin-resistant Hoffer-type pellagra-beriberi mainly afflicting primates and accounting for the medically dominant modernization disease syndrome as a variant of the classical catalytic B vitamin-sensitive Goldberger-Eijkman-Takaki pellagra-beriber
The path-status graph with application to delay fault simulation

We present an efficient path-delay fault (PDF) simulator that does not involve the enumeration of paths. Our method calculates the exact fault coverage, and identifies all tested faults in any circuit with a large number of paths. We present a new data structure, called the path-status graph (PSG), to efficiently hold the status of each PDF in the circuit, i.e., whether or not the PDF is tested. The keg to this efficiency is in breaking the information into pieces and distributing it over the data structure, and in retaining all or part of the reconverging fan-out structure of the circuit in the PSG. Thus, an exponential number of PDF's can share the same piece of information. Using 1000 random tests, we simulated all of the approximately 10/sup 20/ PDF's in the circuit c6288, and determined that 4.4 billion faults were detected. This number is larger by over three orders of magnitude compared to what was possible with previously reported methods.
Integrins and Actin Filaments: Reciprocal Regulation of Cell Adhesion and Signaling*

Integrin adhesion receptors link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the actin cytoskeleton and transmit biochemical signals and mechanical force across the plasma membrane. This enables cells to generate traction during migration and exert tension during matrix remodeling (1). Cytoskeletal linkages also enable integrins to mediate cell adhesion and regulate cell shape and gene expression (1). Here we will summarize the evidence for direct interactions between integrin cytoplasmic tails and specific actin-binding proteins and discuss how these interactions influence cell adhesion, cell spreading, and migration.
Memory functioning in individuals with traumatic brain injury: An examination of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition (WMS–IV)

This study was designed to examine the construct validity of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Fourth Edition (WMS–IV) in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). One hundred individuals with TBI (n = 35 complicated mild/moderate TBI; n = 65 severe TBI) and 100 matched controls from the WMS–IV normative dataset completed the WMS–IV. Multivariate analyses indicated that severe TBI participants had poorer performance than matched controls on all index scores and subtests. Individuals with complicated mild/moderate TBI performed more poorly than controls on all index scores, as well as on tests of visual memory (Designs I and II; Visual Reproduction I and II) and visual working memory (Spatial Addition; Symbol Span), but not on auditory verbal memory tests (Logical Memory I and II; Verbal Paired Associates I and II). After controlling for time since injury, severe TBI participants had significantly lower scores than the complicated mild/moderate TBI on 4 of the 5 WMS–IV index scores (Auditory Memory, Visual Memory, Immediate Memory, Delayed Memory) and 4 of the 10 WMS–IV subtests (Designs I and II, Verbal Pairs II, Logical Memory II). Effect sizes for index and subtest scores were generally moderate for the complicated mild/moderate group and moderate-to-large for the severe TBI group. Findings provide support for the construct validity of the WMS–IV in individuals with TBI.
Asthma management: A new phenotype‐based approach using presence of eosinophilia and allergy

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease. The Czech Pneumology and Allergology Societies commissioned 10 experts to review the literature and create joint national guidelines for managing asthma, reflecting this heterogeneity. The aim was to develop an easy‐to‐use diagnostic strategy as a rational approach to the widening opportunities for the use of phenotype‐targeted therapy. The guidelines were presented on websites for public comments by members of both the societies. The reviewers’ comments contributed to creating the final version of the guidelines. The key hallmark of the diagnostic approach is the pragmatic concept, which assesses the presence of allergy and eosinophilia in each asthmatic patient. The guidelines define three clinically relevant asthma phenotypes: eosinophilic allergic asthma, eosinophilic nonallergic asthma and noneosinophilic nonallergic asthma. The resulting multifunctional classification describing the severity, level of control and phenotype is the starting point for a comprehensive treatment strategy. The level of control is constantly confronted with the intensity of the common stepwise pharmacotherapy, and the concurrently included phenotyping is essential for phenotype‐specific therapy. The concept of the asthma approach with assessing the presence of eosinophilia and allergy provides a way for more precise diagnosis, which is a prerequisite for using widening options of personalized therapy.
Chinese character recognition based on Gabor feature extraction and CNN

As an important application in the field of text line recognition and office automation, Chinese character recognition has become an important subject of pattern recognition. However, due to the large number of Chinese characters and the complexity of its structure, there is a great difficulty in the Chinese character recognition. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a method of printed Chinese character recognition based on Gabor feature extraction and Convolution Neural Network(CNN). The main steps are preprocessing, feature extraction, training classification. First, the gray-scale Chinese character image is binarized and normalized to reduce the redundancy of the image data. Second, each image is convoluted with Gabor filter with different orientations, and the feature map of the eight orientations of Chinese characters is extracted. Third, the feature map through Gabor filters and the original image are convoluted with learning kernels, and the results of the convolution is the input of pooling layer. Finally, the feature vector is used to classify and recognition. In addition, the generalization capacity of the network is improved by Dropout technology. The experimental results show that this method can effectively extract the characteristics of Chinese characters and recognize Chinese characters.
MTF assessment of dual waveband diffractive lenses

In accordance with this idea we have designed a dual waveband (DWB) system to study the behaviour of the bi-spectral diffractive surfaces and material in the control of chromatic aberration. Our reference system is a singlet with the following specifications: focal length 100mm, f/1, and FOV ±1o that was described in . The lens has been designed and manufactured for three different materials: ZnSe, Germaniun and GASIR 1. Because of the large inherent dispersion of diffractive elements, the only way to introduce them in bi-spectral system is using different diffraction order for each waveband. As it is not possible to fully correct chromatic aberration from 3 to 12 microns, a small defocus was accepted between MWIR and LWIR during the design but colour was corrected for each sub-waveband. Presently there is no availability of bi-spectral coatings but for Germanium so GASIR 1 and ZnSe lenses are uncoated.
Convex Optimization Formulation of Robust Nonlinear Model-Predictive-Controller Design

The objective of this work is to formulate the solution to a model predictive control design problem involving nonlinear system dynamics, nonlinear state and control constraints, and parametric plant uncertainties, as an optimization problem that has the potential to be solved in near real-time. A convex relaxation of the problem that is suitable for fast numerical computation is derived in this paper. Affine approximations over small trust regions are used to address the nonlinearities. Min-Max formulation is used to address the uncertainty in the plant dynamic models. The paper first illustrates the approaches for handling nonlinear effects and plant uncertainties separately using numerical examples. A combined formulation that can accommodate nonlinearity and plant uncertainties together is formulated later. The robust-nonlinear model predictive controller is tested on nonlinear dynamic system representing the rigid body angular velocity dynamics with uncertain moment of inertia parameters. Monte-Carlo simulations conducted to verify the robustness indicate that errors resulting from the robust-nonlinear formulations are significantly better than those obtained with the nonlinear formulation alone.
BINAURAL FOR POPULAR MUSIC: A CASE OF STUDY

The goal of this study is to retrieve useful inform ation about the reactions of listeners to different recording techn iques, namely binaural and stereo. This has been done comparing d ifferent mixes of the same song. Each mix is obtained from s tereophonic and binaural recordings, or processing proximity re cordings with stereo panning, binaural synthesis or a hybrid appr oach. The comparison is made through listening tests with hea dphones and an analysis of subjects’ reactions and meaningful s ubjective parameters ratings.