Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Platelet count in patients with Crohn's disease

tions are held to be the gold standard then platelet counts have a positive predictive value of 780, (18 out of 23) and a negative predictive value of 83o,' (20 out of 24). In other words nine of the 47 patients would have been misclassified, and platelet counts are better at stating that a patient does not have active Crohn's disease than they are at stating that a patient does have active Crohn's disease. If the clinical activity score is held to be the gold standard the positive predictive value is 610' (14 out of 23), and the negative predictive value is 920°! , (22 out of 24)-1l patients misclassified. If the clinical activity score and serum orosomucoid concentrations are collectively held to be the gold standard then the positive predictive value is 93. " (13 out of 14) and the negative predictive value is 1000' (two out of two) with only one of the 16 patients being misclassified. In this analysis, however, the numbers are small and the results probably unreliable. Also 31 of the 47 patients will not be suitable for analysis-that is, will not have both of the gold standards either positive or negative. There seems to be some doubt about what the true gold standard actually is. When the two gold standards are compared with each other the results are less than satisfactory. When the clinical activity is recognised as the gold standard the serum orosomucoid concentrations have a positive predictive value of 620° (13 out of 21) and a negative predictive value of 88"', (23 out of 26). When serum orosomucoid concentrations are recognised as the gold standard the clinical activity score has a positive predictive value of 810% (13 out of 16), and a negative predictive value of 740o (23 out of 31). In both instances 11 patients are misclassified. Although I have tried to be fair in working out these values there is some difficulty as a few of the data points lie in the cut off lines. But this makes little difference to the conclusion that neither platelet counts, serum orosomucoid concentrations, nor the clinical activity score accurately measure the same thing. None of the positive predictive values or negative predictive values are sufficiently high to serve as a basis for important clinical decisions. Finally, the authors have not stated the utility of the various comparisons. If these tests are to be used as a basis for change in treatment then that requires validation far beyond the measures discussed so far.
An integrated product–process design methodology for cost-effective product realisation

Methods related to Design for X are known to have contributed positively to product designs, resource selection and realisation of products. Despite these achievements, frequent design errors which can be attributed to the lack of integration of design and manufacturing concepts exist. Departmentalisation, skill concentration and protection of institutional interests contribute largely to the non-full integration of design and manufacturing methods. This article adopts a process-engineering approach which supports the development and integration of product and process models for design concept analysis. The methodology described in this article is part of a broad-based design methodology with a potential to improve design and manufacturing integration and offers solutions for effective and timely reconfiguration of manufacturing systems in view of meeting market demands.
Practical fault tolerance for quantum circuits

Due to very high projected error rates, large scale quantum computers will require substantial fault tolerance just to maintain a minimum level of reliability. We present tools to better analyze the performance of large, fault tolerant quantum computer designs. We find that current uses of quantum error correction are overly conservative in mitigating the impact of gate errors and negligent of other error sources in quantum data communication and memory. We have developed circuit layout heuristics to generate detailed designs in trapped ion quantum computing technology. From these designs, we can extract much more accurate error models for a given application, including all gate, movement and idle errors on qubits. Using these extracted models, our flexible error simulation environment determines the overall failure probability of the design. Included in this simulation environment is a bit-parallel Monte Carlo technique that is 10 times faster than previous fault propagation simulations. This allows us to evaluate the reliability of designs that are an order of magnitude larger, in the same amount of time. Using this analysis framework to verify reliability, we have developed a linear programming-based optimization for error correction which decreases overall circuit resources by an order of magnitude. In some cases, our optimization actually improves overall system reliability by removing error correction. We combine this optimization with judicious quantum error correcting code selection to provide efficient designs for large quantum arithmetic kernels used in Shor's factorization algorithm. We show our optimized designs perform 2x to 100x better than previous works in terms of probabilistic area-delay product. Additionally, the area of our layout of a 1024-bit factoring using Shor's algorithm is 64cm2, a substantial improvement compared to the 0.9m2 state-of-the-art design from prior work. A design size reduction by this amount will make fabricating such an application feasible much sooner.
Serotype Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Lung and Nasopharyngeal Aspirates from Children in the Gambia by MassTag PCR

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae strains comprise >90 serotypes. Here we describe establishment of a MassTag PCR assay designed to serotype S. pneumoniae and demonstrate its utility in tests using 31 paired lung aspirate and nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from children with pneumonia in the Gambia. Serotypes 1, 5, and 14 in were implicated in 90% of lung infections. With 5 exceptions, serotypes found in lung aspirates were also found in nasopharyngeal aspirates.
May 7, 2010 DETERMINING WHETHER A MATRIX IS STRONGLY EVENTUALLY NONNEGATIVE

A matrix A can be tested to determine whether it is eventually positive by ex1 amination of its Perron-Frobenius structure, i.e., by computing its eigenvalues and left and right 2 eigenvectors for the spectral radius ρ(A). No such “if and only if” test using Perron-Frobenius prop3 erties exists for eventually nonnegative matrices. The concept of a strongly eventually nonnegative 4 matrix was was introduced in [2] to define a class of eventually nonnegative matrices with a stronger 5 connection to Perron-Frobenius theory (and to exclude nilpotent matrices and related problems). 6 This paper presents an algorithm that uses necessary and sufficient Perron-Frobenius-type condi7 tions to determine whether a matrix is strongly eventually nonnegative. To establish the validity of 8 the algorithm, eventually r-cyclic matrices are defined, and it is shown that a strongly eventually 9 nonnegative matrix that is not eventually positive is eventually r-cyclic, and an eventually r-cyclic 10 matrix A having rankA2 = rankA is r-cyclic. 11
Tocotrienol: The Natural Vitamin E to Defend the Nervous System?

Abstract: Vitamin E is essential for normal neurological function. It is the major lipid‐soluble, chain‐breaking antioxidant in the body, protecting the integrity of membranes by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Mostly on the basis of symptoms of primary vitamin E deficiency, it has been demonstrated that vitamin E has a central role in maintaining neurological structure and function. Orally supplemented vitamin E reaches the cerebrospinal fluid and brain. Vitamin E is a generic term for all tocopherols and their derivatives having the biological activity of RRR‐α‐tocopherol, the naturally occurring stereoisomer compounds with vitamin E activity. In nature, eight substances have been found to have vitamin E activity: α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐tocopherol; and α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐tocotrienol. Often, the term vitamin E is synonymously used with α‐tocopherol. Tocotrienols, formerly known as ζ, ε, or η‐tocopherols, are similar to tocopherols except that they have an isoprenoid tail with three unsaturation points instead of a saturated phytyl tail. Although tocopherols are predominantly found in corn, soybean, and olive oils, tocotrienols are particularly rich in palm, rice bran, and barley oils. Tocotrienols possess powerful antioxidant, anticancer, and cholesterol‐lowering properties. Recently, we have observed that α‐tocotrienol is multi‐fold more potent than α‐tocopherol in protecting HT4 and primary neuronal cells against toxicity induced by glutamate as well as by a number of other toxins. At nanomolar concentration, tocotrienol, but not tocopherol, completely protected neurons by an antioxidant‐independent mechanism. Our current work identifies two major targets of tocotrienol in the neuron: c‐Src kinase and 12‐lipoxygenase. Dietary supplementation studies have established that tocotrienol, fed orally, does reach the brain. The current findings point towards tocotrienol as a potent neuroprotective form of natural vitamin E.
Occupational asbestos exposure and risk of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES The evidence for an association between occupational asbestos exposure and pharyngeal cancer (PhC) is limited, while for oral cavity cancer (OCC) the literature is even sparser. We studied OCC and PhC risk both separately and combined (OCPC) in relation to occupational asbestos exposure, specifically addressing the influence of potential confounders, the existence of an exposure-response relation, and the presence of interaction between asbestos and smoking. METHODS Using the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study (N=58 279 men, aged 55-69 years), we estimated asbestos exposure by linkage to a general population job-exposure matrix (DOMJEM) and a Finnish job exposure matrix (FINJEM). After 17.3 years of follow-up, 58 OCC and 53 PhC cases were available for analysis. RESULTS No association between asbestos and risk of OCC was observed for either JEM. Hazard ratios (HR) of PhC and OCPC increased after adjusting for confounders, particularly alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status. For PhC, a multivariable-adjusted increased HR was observed for "ever" versus "never" exposed to asbestos [HR 2.20, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.08-4.49] when using FINJEM, but a trend of increased risks with higher cumulative exposure could not be demonstrated for either JEM. Results for OCPC showed patterns similar to those observed for PhC. None of the cancers showed a significant interaction between asbestos and smoking. CONCLUSIONS This prospective population-based study showed no convincing evidence of an association between asbestos and risk of OCC, PhC, and OCPC as an exposure-response relation was lacking, and results were not robust against the use of different JEM. However, the potentially increased HR of PhC and OCPC observed in this and previous studies warrant further research.
BCG vaccination does not seem to prevent atopy in children with atopic heredity

In a Letter to the editor (Allergy, October 1997), Martinati & Boner (t) raised the question of whether the prevalence of atopy is increased in countries which have stopped their BCG vaccination campaign. We have recently studied this issue (2). In 1975, the general BCG vaccination, given to 95% of all neonates, was withdrawn in Sweden because of side-effects and the low risk of tuberculosis exposure. Currently, fewer than 4% of Swedish-bom children are BCG vaccinated: such vaccination is now mainly done because of contact with foreign countries, tuberculosis in close relatives, or parental request. At the same time, igEmediated allergy has increased, now affecting about every third child in Sweden (3). We performed a retrospective cohort study of children with atopic heredity, born in Stockholm in 198992, which included 216 children who received BCG vaccination before 6 months of age, and 358 agematched controls who had not been BCG vaccinated (2). A difference in atopy prevalence between the two groups could not be shown by clinical or serologic findings. In the vaccinated group, 12% had one or more positive skin prick tests, and 31% of the children had circulating allergen-specific IgE antibodies, whereas the corresponding figures in the control group were 10% and 27%, respectively. Risk factors for atopic disease were evenly distributed between the two groups. Thus, early BCG vaccination in children with atopic heredity does not seem to affect the development of atopic disease before school age (2). Our results are supported by a recent study of Swedish military conscript registers, where an increased atopy incidence was not demonstrated in the cohort bom the year after the general BCG vaccination in Sweden was discontinued in 1975 (4).
Change management issues in Federated ERP systems: an approach for identifying requirements and possible solutions

In this paper, the domain of Federated Enterprise Resource Planning (FERP) systems is described. FERP systems consist of several service-oriented systems that implement the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) functionality in a distributed manner. Within this context, this paper focuses on challenges and requirements that arise when updating systems and changing their orchestration. This paper describes similarities to change management issues of conventional ERP systems and it describes emerging issues that appear when dealing with a distributed ERP system. Moreover, this paper introduces possible solutions in order to ease the process of changes.
Development of a physical therapy robot for rehabilitation databases

With increasing demands for rehabilitation, the need for physical therapy robots is also increasing. This paper proposes the construction of a rehabilitation database inspired with medical cloud technologies. We discuss the possibility of establishing a new validation methodology by generating a database based on the data collected using rehabilitation equipment. In this research, data was obtained by rehabilitation equipment and statistical processing was applied to the data to investigate an example of a validation method. The experimental results suggest that improvement of tracking property of subjects is much larger than improvement of maneuverability.
Research on gas pressure regulator fault diagnosis based on deep confidence network (DBN) theory

A fault diagnosis model of gas pressure regulator based on deep belief networks (DBN) theory is proposed in this paper, which is applied to the fault diagnosis method of gas regulator. Through the DBN parameter setting, the distribution of the original data of the network architecture can be reassembled by the greedy unsupervised layering training algorithm in the depth network to reflect the more high-level distribution characteristics. Finally, the use of supervised training to fine-tune the entire network model, to achieve the extraction of data features. The simulation results show that this method can effectively reduce the uncertainty caused by human factors.
Genetic diversity and habitats of two enigmatic marine alveolate lineages

Systematic sequencing of environmental SSU rDNA genes amplified from different marine ecosystems has uncovered novel eukaryotic lineages, in particular within the alveolate and stramenopile radiations. The ecological and geographic distribution of 2 novel alveolate lineages (called Group I and II in previous papers) is inferred from the analysis of 62 different environmental clone libraries from freshwater and marine habitats. These 2 lineages have been, up to now, retrieved exclusively from marine ecosystems, including oceanic and coastal waters, sediments, hydrothermal vents, and perma- nent anoxic deep waters and usually represent the most abundant eukaryotic lineages in environmen- tal genetic libraries. While Group I is only composed of environmental sequences (118 clones), Group II contains, besides environmental sequences (158 clones), sequences from described genera (8) (Hema- todinium and Amoebophrya) that belong to the Syndiniales, an atypical order of dinoflagellates exclu- sively composed of marine parasites. This suggests that Group II could correspond to Syndiniales, al- though this should be confirmed in the future by examining the morphology of cells from Group II. Group II appears to be abundant in coastal and oceanic ecosystems, whereas permanent anoxic waters and hy- drothermal ecosystems are usually dominated by Group I. Based upon the similarity of partial sequences, we organized these 2 groups into clusters. The diversity of Group II (16 clusters) is wider than that of Group I (5 clusters). Two clusters from Group I have a widespread distribution and are found in all ex- plored marine habitats. In contrast, all other clusters seem to be limited to specific marine habitats. For example, some clusters belonging to Group I and Group II are only detected in extreme environments (anoxic and hydrothermal vents), whereas many clusters from Group II have only been retrieved from coastal waters. We determined near-complete SSU rRNA gene sequences for 26 environmental clones, selected in order to obtain at least one complete sequence per cluster. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood, neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian reconstruction) based upon complete sequences all concurred to place both Group I and II as sister lineages of dinoflagellates. This result contradicts several published studies, which placed both groups within dinoflagellates.
A Community-Based Approach to Networked Privacy

Eran Toch Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel erant@tau.ac. il Abstract This short paper discusses the legitimacy of paternalistic privacy approaches that aim to nudge users to more privacy-oriented behavior in networks. I demonstrate that traditional theories for privacy, rooted in individualistic values, fail to justify paternalistic views. In response, I suggest tying networked privacy to community-based approaches that point to the importance of privacy in the process of establishing and maintaining a community.
Persimmon cv. Hachiya (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit: some physical, chemical and nutritional properties

The persimmon cv. Hachiya (Diospyros kaki) fruits were analysed for some physical properties (fruit dimensions, fruit mass, fruit volume, fruit density, aspect ratio, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, spread area, projected area, bulk density, skin and flesh firmness, skin and flesh colour as L, a and b values, coefficient of static friction on different surfaces and porosity), chemical properties (moisture, ash, pH, acidity, vitamin C, total soluble solids) and nutritional properties (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc). The fruit characteristics ranged from 169 g for average fruit mass, 65.97 mm for the geometric mean diameter, 1.03% for sphericity and 180 cm3 for volume of fruit. The bulk density, fruit density and porosity were determined as 5,817 N/m3, 9,300 N/m3 and 38.06%, respectively. The present study also revealed important nutritional values of persimmon fruits.
B-cell-targeted therapy in adult glomerulonephritis

Introduction: There are many mechanisms through which B lymphocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. There are a number of trials and clinical studies in glomerulonephritis involving depletion of CD20+ B lymphocytes using rituximab. Newer anti-CD20 agents are currently under evaluation, as are drugs targeting alternative B-cell targets such as B lymphocyte stimulator. Such selective, targeted B-cell therapies, if shown to be effective, may be of value in minimising toxicity from more conventional agents. Areas covered: This article reviews the role of B cells as a target for therapy in adult renal disease resulting from primary glomerulonephritis and that occurring secondary to systemic disease. It will not address intracellular signalling or co-stimulatory pathways as therapeutic targets. Expert opinion: There are indications for B-cell targeted therapies in a number of adult glomerulonephritides, with varying degrees of evidence. Further understanding of the mechanisms of B-cell depletion and repletion, and interplay with B-cell survival factors, is necessary in order to identify patients who will respond favourably.
Effective Strategies for Tumors Affecting Chemopreventive Metabolism

In this issue, Charles et al. ([1][1]) showed in vivo that cytokines secreted by tumors, such as interleukin-6, down-regulate the transcription of cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 in liver and consequently the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates. Reduced metabolism of chemotherapeutic agents could be responsible
Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparins and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Despite aggressive intervention, cardiac causes of death, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), continue to be a major source of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Multiple large prospective trials have demonstrated the clinical benefits of both low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa inhibitors in treating patients with ACS. Unfortunately patients with significant impairment of kidney function have generally been excluded from these major clinical trials. Consequently relatively little is known about the pharmacokinetics, appropriate dosing, efficacy, and safety of these medications in patients with CKD of various stages. This article examines the available literature regarding the pharmacokinetics, dosing, efficacy, and safety of LMWH and Gp IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with CKD.
GATA Factors Regulate Inner Ear Development and Midbrain Neurogenesis

7 Abbreviations 8 1 Review of the literature 10 1.1 Functions of the ear 10 1.2 Inner ear structure 10 1.2.1 The vestibule and auditory compartments 10 1.2.2 Inner ear fluids 11 1.2. 3 Sensory organs 11 1.2. 4 Structure and function of hair cells 13 1.2. 5 Supporting cells 13 1.3 Inner ear development 14 1.3.1 Otic induction 14 1.3.1.1 Signaling molecules of FGF and WNT families 14 1.3.2 Early morphogenesis – from placode to otic vesicle 15 1.3.2.1 Patterning of the otic epithelium: intrinstic factors 16 1.3.2.2 Patterning of the otic epithelium: hindbrain derived signals 16 1.3.3 Later morphogenesis: from otic vesicle to membranous labyrinth 17 1.3.3.1 Formation of the endolymphatic duct and sac 17 1.3.3.2 Formation of the semicircular ducts 17 1.3.3.2.1 Molecular control of the epithelial pouches outgrowth 18 1.3.3.2.2 Regulation of the fusion plate formation and clearance 19 1.3.3.2. 3 Continued growth of semicircular ducts 19 1.3.3. 3 Regulation of cochlear morphogenesis 19 1.3. 4 Sensorineural determination and differentiation 20 1.3. 4.1 Development of the vestibulocochlear ganglion 21 1.3. 4.1.1 Regulation of neuronal fate by proneural genes and NOTCH signaling 21 1.3. 4.2 Sensory determination 22 1.3. 4.3 Specification and development of distinct sensory organs 23 1.3. 4.4 Cell fate determination in sensory organs 23 1.3. 4.5 Differentiation of hair cells 24 1.4 Sensorineural hearing disorders and regeneration of sensory hair cells 25 1.4.1 Molecular background of sensorineural deafness in humans and domestic animals 25 1.4.2 Induction of hair cell regeneration – restoring hearing loss? 26 1.5 Development and structure of the midbrain 27 1.5. 1 Anteroposterior patterning of the midbrain 28 1.5. 2 Dorsoventral patterning of the midbrain 29 1.5. 3 Neuronal cell types in midbrain 29 1.5. 3.1 Determination and specification of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons 30 1.6 GATA transcription factors in development 30 1.6. 1 GATA2 and GATA3 in embryonic development 31 1.6. 2 GATA2 and GATA3 in inner ear 33 1.6. 3 GATA2 and GATA3 in nervous system 34