Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Bottom-Up Safe Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines for Multi-Class Transductive Learning

Semi-supervised approaches have been successfully applied to many machine learning problems. A particular case of semi-supervised settings is transductive learning, in which the goal is solely to label the available unlabeled data, instead of generating a predictive model that should generalize well to unseen data. Nevertheless, there are cases in which a transductive learner may perform even worse than an inductive learner that is trained with only the labeled data. For alleviating this problem, an effort towards safe semi-supervised support vector machines (S4VM) was made, so that a transductive SVM would never degenerate the performance when compared to its inductive counterpart. Even though robust, S4VM still lacks the ability of naturally dealing with multi-class problems, having to rely on multi- class encoding schemes, such as one-vs-one and one-vs-all strategies. These schemes may not take advantage of the full potential of S4VM, specially in complex multi-class problems with overlapping classes. In this article, we address this problem by providing a binary-tree scheme for aggregating distinct S4VMs in a bottom-up fashion. The proposed approach is named HiBUST, which stands for Hierarchical Bottom-Up S4VM Tree. Experimental results show that HiBUST can provide increased predictive performance for many multi-class problems when compared to a one-vs-one S4VM. In addition, we show that HiBUST is also beneficial for complex binary-class problems.
High-bandwidth IC interconnects with silicon interposers and bridges for 3D multi-chip integration and packaging

Silicon interposer and bridge is a multi-chip 3D technology that enables high density die-to-die interconnect on a package substrate. It opens a new era for heterogeneous on-package system integration. This paper presents an overview of this packaging architecture and its capabilities from concept to results. The overall components are introduced and discussed including constituent building blocks, embedded elements and structures, die-to-package connections. The high bandwidth signaling performance is analyzed and quantified by using high frequency electromagnetic modeling and full-wave simulation approaches. The inherent cost benefit and advantages, such as scaling and extensibility of this technology, are highlighted among other competing technologies. The assembly process is described in the end at a high level.
Rate distortion optimization using SSIM for 3D video coding

Coding efficiency can be enhanced through rate-distortion optimization (RDO) that provides a trade-off between bit-rate and distortion. In this paper, we have proposed Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) based RDO for 3D video coding improvement. SSIM index is a quality metric that gives better approximation to visual quality. Most of the existing literature on 3D video coding employs sum-of-squared error (SSE) as a measure of distortion, which does not always correlate to visual quality. In order to overcome this gap, SSIM-based RDO is implemented in this paper. Lagrange multiplier is modified to obtain optimum rate along with a reduction in distortion which improves the perceptual quality of the video. The entropy of macroblock (MB) is also considered in the scaling of Lagrange multiplier to increase RDO performance. The proposed algorithm is implemented in 3DV- ATM reference software. Experimental results show an improvement in the perceptual quality of the synthesized sequences with bitrate reduction of 6 – 15%.
Single-Carrier Phase-Disposition PWM Implementation for Multilevel Flying Capacitor Converters

This letter proposes a new implementation of phase-disposition pulse-width modulation (PD-PWM) for multilevel flying capacitor (FC) converters using a single triangular carrier. The proposed implementation is much simpler than conventional PD-PWM techniques based on multiple trapezoidal-shaped carriers, generates the same results as far as natural capacitor voltage balance is concerned and offers better quality line-to-line voltages when compared to phase-shifted PWM. The proposed algorithm is based on reshaping the reference signal to fit within the range of a single carrier and assigning each crossing of the reference signal with the carrier to a particular pair of switches at any time. The proposed algorithm is suitable for digital implementation taking maximum benefit from the PWM units available in the processor. Simulation and experimental results are presented from the five-level FC converter to verify the proposed PD-PWM implementation.
Random-Scrambling Tunable POTDR for Distributed Measurement of Cumulative PMD

We provide the theoretical framework for a new method of distributed measurement of cumulative PMD along single-mode optical fiber links. Independent pairs of optical pulses are launched into the fiber, where each pair consists of two pulses having the same state of polarization (SOP) but two different, closely spaced wavelengths. The key aspect is that both the SOP and center wavelength of a given pair need not be correlated with those of any other pair. This random-scrambling approach is well suited for an economically designed instrument that is more robust for field applications than previously reported approaches. Since no assumed model of the distributed birefringence behavior is required, the method is suitable for any actual single-mode telecom fiber span encompassing many fiber sections of different types and origins.
Characterization of some bioactive compounds and physicochemical properties of grape varieties grown in Turkey: thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanin

In the present study, five different grapes varieties grown in Turkey were comprehensively characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, total bioactive content, antiradical activity, and volatile sugar compounds. Thermal degradation kinetics of anthocyanin in the selected grape varieties were also analyzed. All the bioactive compounds and antiradical activity varied depending on variety and grape part (skin, pulp, or seed). Higher amounts of total phenolics, total flavonoids, anthocyanin, and antiradical capacity were obtained from seeds. Fifty-nine volatile compounds were observed in the grape varieties. Terpenoid compounds were determined to be the predominant aroma compounds, of which limonene and citral had the highest content, with values ranging from 46.269% to 77.209% and from 3.327% to 12.371%, respectively. The half-life period of anthocyanin degradation in grapes with a temperature range of 60 to 90 °C ranged from 3.51 to 34.65, 3.26 to 35.50, 2.76 to 40.77, and 3.02 to 43.31 for Antep Karasi, Efes, Kara Dimrit, and Cardinal Red, respectively. Efes and Cardinal had the greatest amount of bioactive compounds among the grape varieties.
Analysis and Quantitative Myoelectric Measurements of Loads on the Lumbar Spine when Holding Weights in Standing Postures

Ten subjects executed a number of weight-holding and force-resisting work tasks while standing either upright or with their trunks in 30° of forward flexion. All tasks involved sagittally symmetric body configurations and were performed isometrically. A simple calculation scheme was devised to predict the lumbar trunk muscle contraction forces and the lumbar spine compression forces required for execution of each task. The myoelectric activity was recorded quantitatively at eight sites over the lumbar trunk muscles and at four sites over the abdominal muscles. Good correlation was found between the predicted muscle contraction forces and the myoelectric activities.
Cross-layer rate control in wireless networks with lossy links: leaky-pipe flow, effective network utility maximization and hop-by-hop algorithms

We take a cross-layer design approach to study rate control in multihop wireless networks. Due to the lossy nature of wireless links, the data rate of a given flow becomes smaller and smaller along its routing path. As a result, the data rate received successfully at the destination node (the effective rate) is typically lower than the transmission rate at the source node (the injection rate). In light of this observation, we treat each flow as a "leaky-pipe" flow and introduce the notion of "effective utility" associated with the effective rate (not the injection rate) of each flow. We then explore rate control through effective network utility maximization (ENUM) in this study. Two network models are studied in this paper: (1) ENUM with link outage constraints with a maximum error rate at each link; (2) ENUM with path outage constraints where there exists an end-to-end outage requirement for each flow. For both models, we explicitly take into account the "thinning" feature of data flows and devise distributed hop-by-hop rate control algorithms accordingly. Our numerical examples corroborate that higher effective network utility and better fairness can be achieved by the ENUM algorithms than the standard NUM.
Towards efficient processing of RDF Data Streams

In the last years, there has been an increase in the amount of real-time data generated. Sensors attached to things are transforming how we interact with our environment. Extracting meaningful information from these streams of data is essential for some application areas and requires processing systems that scale to varying conditions in data sources, complex queries, and system failures. This paper describes ongoing research on the development of a scalable RDF streaming engine.
Physiological and pharmacological regulation of human salivary electrolyte concentrations; with a discussion of electrolyte concentrations of some other exocrine secretions.

The electrolyte content of paraffin-stimulated, whole, mixed saliva obtained from patients with congestive heart failure is characterized by lower sodium, lower chloride, and higher potassium concentrations than saliva of normal subjects (1). Since these data suggested possible increased adrenal cortical activity in patients with heart failure, desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) was administered to nineteen normal subjects. It also seemed of interest to study additional pharmacological and physiological mechanisms that may play a role in the regulation of salivary electrolyte concentrations. Thus, the aims of this communication are to present: 1) Data on normal salivary concentrations of sodium, chloride, and potassium; 2) data relating to physiological mechanisms regulating the concentrations of salivary electrolytes; and 3) the effects on salivary electrolytes of three pharmacologic agents: desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA), pilocarpine, and Mercuhydrin@.
Reliability Comparison of Wind Turbines With DFIG and PMG Drive Trains

Modern wind turbines vary greatly in their drive train configurations. With the variety of options available, it can be difficult to determine which type is most suitable for on and offshore applications. A large percentage of modern drive trains consist of either doubly fed induction generators with partially rated converters or permanent magnet generators with fully rated converters. These configurations are the focus of this empirical reliability comparison. The turbine population for this analysis contains over 1800 doubly fed induction generators, partially rated converter wind turbines, and 400 permanent magnet generator fully rated converter wind turbines. The turbines analyzed are identical except for their drive train configurations and are modern MW scale turbines making this population the largest and most modern encountered in the literature review. Results of the analysis include overall failure rates, failure rates per operational year, failure rates per failure mode, and failure rates per failure cost category for the two drive train configurations. These results contribute toward deciding on the most suitable turbine type for a particular site, as well as toward cost of energy comparisons for different drive train types. A comparison between failure rates from this analysis and failure rates from similar analyses is also shown in this paper.
Security Method For Combination Steganography Algorithms On Transform Domain For Jpeg Images

Abstract Steganography is the act of hiding a message inside another message in such a way that can only be detected by its intended recipient. In any communication, security is the most important issue in the world today. It created a lot of data security and steganography algorithms in the past decade, and that worked motivation for our research. In this paper, Security Method for Combination Steganography Algorithms on Transform domain for JPEG images, we have designed a system that will allow the average user to securely transfer secret messages (picture) securely by hiding them in JPEG image file using local characteristics within the image. This paper is a combination of two steganography algorithms, which provide a strong backbone for its security. The proposed system hides the image unrevealed manner through the use of steganography algorithms to protect each other, where was used F4 algorithm as a wall to protect outguess01 algorithm. We combine between steganography algorithms (outguess 0.1 algorithm and F4 algorithm) to make use of it to provide more than level of protection for the secret message (image). When save the secret message (image) within an image by using outguess01 algorithm, Which produces outguess-image, then hide outguess-image within another image by using F4 algorithm, Which produces F4-image(stego image). Adopt the principle of camouflage and deception to hide image gives another level of safety for secret Image. Good selection of size and type images used in the process of concealment that contributed to the success of the process of embedded and retrieval of hidden images. Results proved after calculating the capacity and PSNR for images that a good and acceptable steganography scheme. The model presented here is based on JPEG images.
Changes in the Functional Structure of the Tenosynovium in Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

Background: The subsynovial connective tissue lies between the flexor tendons and visceral synovium in the carpal tunnel. Although tenosynovial fibrosis is nearly universally noted in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, the relationship, if any, between the fibrosis and nerve abnormalities is unknown. The authors used light and scanning electron microscope imaging of the subsynovial connective tissue to gather information about its organization. Methods: Human subsynovial connective tissue was studied to determine its ultrastructural morphology. Biopsy specimens of 11 patients (12 hands) with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, 14 cadaver controls, and two cadavers with a history of carpal tunnel syndrome were obtained for scanning electron microscopic imaging and histopathologic examination. Results: The visceral synovial layer is an uninterrupted membrane that defines the bursa dorsally. The subsynovial connective tissue consists of fibrous bundles that run parallel to the tendon, interconnected by smaller fibrous fibers. It connects to the synovial membrane and the flexor tendons. During tendon motion, the loose fibers between adjacent layers are stretched. The control tissue showed interconnections between all the parallel layers, whereas in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, these interconnections were absent, replaced with thicker parallel fibrous bundles. Similar changes were found in the cadaver carpal tunnel syndrome specimens. Pathologic changes in the patient and cadaver carpal tunnel syndrome specimens were most apparent close to the tendon and became progressively less severe in more superficial layers. Conclusions: The authors' observation that the most severe changes in the subsynovial connective tissue were found close to the tendon suggests that these changes may be the result of a shearing injury.
Effects of Spinal Cord Injury on Semen Parameters

Abstract Objective/Background: Neurogenic reproductive dysfunction in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) is common and the result of a combination of impotence, ejaculatory failure, and abnormal semen characteristics. It is well established that the semen quality of men with SCI is poor and that changes are seen as early as 2 weeks after injury. The distinguishing characters of poor quality are abnormal sperm motility and viability. In the majority of the men with SCI, the sperm count is not abnormal. We elaborate on the effects of the SCI on semen parameters that may contribute to poor motility and poor viability. Methods: Review. Design: PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched using the following key words: spinal cord injuries, fertility, sexual dysfunction, and spermatogenesis. All literature was reviewed by the team of authors according to the various stages of sperm development and transport in the male reproductive cycle. Findings: The cause of asthenozoospermia appears to be multifactorial. Conclusion: Current literature does not support the preeminence of a single factor relating to neurogenic reproductive dysfunction in men with SCI. After SCI, there is ample evidence of disturbance of sperm production, maturation and storage, and transport due to an abnormal neuroendocrine milieu. Semen quality seems to be primarily affected by changes to the seminal plasma constituents, type of bladder management, and the neurogenic impairment to the ejaculatory function. Further focused and structured studies are required.
Economie politique des infrastructures ferroviaires

Les marges de progression pour le systeme ferroviaire francais et europeen restent nombreuses tant du point de vue de la gouvernance que de la competitivite. C’est la conclusion a laquelle tend ce travail. Les resultats du consortium de recherche Enerdata-LET (2014) montrent que dans le respect du facteur 4 a horizon 2050, le report de la demande en transport vers le ferroviaire pourrait etre massif. Face a cela, la situation de la LGV Paris-Lyon, deja a la limite de la saturation, interroge sur la capacite du systeme a accueillir de nouveaux trafics. Deux ecoles s’affrontent sur cette question. D’un cote, les tenants du SNIT proposent un quasi doublement du reseau LGV pour repondre aux futurs besoins tandis que la commission « Mobilite 21 » privilegie la recherche de rendements croissants a partir de l’existant. Sans pretendre resoudre le debat, ce travail tente d’apporter des elements de comprehension sur l’interaction entre demande et offre dans le ferroviaire.L’etude de la concordance entre augmentation de la demande et offre ferroviaire nous mene a poser la question de la performance. Elle sous-entend d’etre en premier lieu capable de definir la capacite d’une infrastructure ferroviaire. En second lieu, la mise en evidence de limites conduit a interroger le phenomene de saturation ou congestion. Enfin, interroger la notion de saturation mene inevitablement a mettre en perspective la relativite des limites et a poser la question de leur depassement.L’objectif de cette recherche est d’appliquer cette problematique au systeme ferroviaire en tenant compte de ses specificites. On tient compte de sa constitution en tant qu’industrie de reseau et de monopole naturel dans le cas de l’infrastructure (gestionnaire d’infrastructure). Sans pretendre trancher le debat sur le mode de gouvernance, on considere que cette particularite peut influencer le comportement des acteurs et indirectement la performance du systeme. On considere egalement l’evolution legislative du systeme au niveau europeen. On ne peut aborder la question de la performance sans resituer le secteur dans son contexte juridique. Enfin, l’essentiel de l’analyse repose sur l’etude de la saturation de la LGV Paris-Lyon. On considere cette LGV representative de la performance souhaitee pour le reseau ferroviaire francais. Elle concentre a la fois les defis techniques et economiques de la capacite qui constituent le cœur de notre reflexion sur la performance, ses conditions et les marges de progression du reseau francais.
C-Rank and its variants: A contribution-based ranking approach exploiting links and content

This paper addresses the problem in Web page ranking of effectively combining link and content information with efficiency high enough to be applicable to real-world search engines. Unlike previous surfer models, our approach is based on the viewpoint of a Web page author. Based on this viewpoint, we formulate the concept of contribution score, which indicates the amount to which a term in each page is utilized by other pages. To improve efficiency without loss of effectiveness, we exploit the expectations of both a Web page author and a Web search engine user on retrieval results, and restrict candidate terms that can contribute to other pages to a set of keywords of each page. In this paper, we propose three contribution-based models: C-Rank, PC-Rank and HC-Rank. Experimental results show that C-Rank provides the best precision among the models and is very effective for topic distillation tasks on the . GOV collection in TREC. Most importantly, the proposed models are efficient enough to be applicable to real-world search engines.
Análise molecular de pacientes com Mucopolissacaridose tipo II

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II is a lysosomal disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme idounate-2-sulfatase. The incidence of MPS II is very low, usually less than 1 case per 1 million newborns. To date, about 340 mutations have been identified in the IDS gene. Objective: This study aimed to identify the molecular alterations present in 149 Brazilian and South American patients with biochemical diagnosis of MPS II. Methods: After molecular analysis using the initial protocol proposed, wich included complete sequencing of the IDS gene, someof the patients showed no DNA alterations of the gene coding region and were included an additional protocol for “special” cases. Results: A deletion of 178pb was found in the promoter region of the gene in two patients. An other 2 patients had a polymorphism in the same region, which had never been reported in patients with MPS II. A deletion was observed in 3 patients by conventional PCR, exon by exon, which extended from the proximal IDS gene until the fagile sites FRAXA and FRAXE. Additional analyzes using SNP-array confirmed the deletion of those regions in two patients and have identified the full deletion restricted to IDS in another. After analysis of 105 patients with MPS II, 30 new mutations were found which shows a broad genomic heterogeneity. Conclusion: Such analyzes are important to elucidate the basic defect and thus enable to identify carriers in families, which is of fundamental importance for genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and prevention of new cases. In addition, information about the molecular genetic defect is very important for the prediction of phenotype and thus for defining the best tstrategy for treatment.
Les soulèvements populaires et la Société française du XVIIe siècle

Voici dix ans qu'est parue l'étude de B. Porchnev, Professeur à l'Université de Moscou, sur les soulèvements populaires en France, de 1628 à 1648. Certains historiens ont pu prendre directement et aussitôt connaissance de ce livre essentiel, dans l'édition originale. D'autres, comme le signataire de ces lignes, ont lu attentivement les excellents et nombreux documents en français qui accompagnent l'édition russe, puis le texte même de notre collègue soviétique dans la traduction allemande parue à Leipzig en, 1954, et qu'il nous a été donné d'obtenir plus ou moins vite.