Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stimulatory effect of insulin on ruminal epithelium cell mitosis in adult sheep

1. The rumen adapts to increased food intake by the hyperplasia of epithelial cells. 2. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) stimulate cell mitosis of sheep ruminal epithelium in vivo. 3. Since VFA generally inhibit cell proliferation in vitro insulin was proposed in this study as the possible mediator of the mitotic stimulation in vivo. 4. Infusions (6 h) of insulin (0.125 U/kg per h) plus glucose (300 mg/kg per h) (n 5), and glucose alone (300 mg/kg per h) (n 2) resulted in higher mitotic index of biopsied rumen epithelium (MI) during 3 or 6 to 24 h after the start of infusion, and higher plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and higher plasma glucose (PG) during the infusion. 5. Insulin plus glucose infusion showed higher MI, higher IRI, and lower PG than glucose infusion. 6. Sheep infused with saline for 6 h (n 1) showed no marked changes in MI, IRI, and PG. 7. Increased IRI by insulin plus glucose or glucose alone infusion was considered to stimulate cell proliferation in rumen epithelium. 8. Other possible mediations were discussed.
Architecturally describing the emergent behavior of software-intensive system-of-systems with SosADL

A System-of-Systems (SoS) is evolutionary developed from independent systems to achieve missions not possible to be accomplished by a single system alone. They are architecturally designed to exhibit emergent behavior, i.e. a new behavior that stem from the interactions among constituent systems, but cannot be deduced from the behaviors of the constituent systems themselves. This paper presents the concepts and constructs of a novel Architecture Description Language (ADL), named SosADL, for architecturally describing emergent behaviors of software-intensive SoSs. It refines the notion of emergent behavior and details how SosADL enables the architectural description of emergent behaviors. In particular, it demonstrates SosADL features for emergent behavior through an excerpt of a real application for architecting a Reconnaissance SoS, focusing on the flocking behavior of a fleet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs).
Electronically coupled truck platoons on German highways

In this paper, a brief introduction of Automated Truck Platoons on Motorways is given. It includes a description, of the scenario “platoons organized by the driver”, the system architecture of the platoon system and a description of the Software architecture for a driver information system. The results of the accomplished system and acceptance tests of the platoon system in the truck driving simulator are summarized in this paper. Furthermore it contains an overview about the trial implementations on test tracks and on German motorways.
Dependence of arterial pressure on intravascular volume in treated hypertensive patients.

Abstract Relations between plasma volume and arterial pressure were studied in 16 hypertensive patients during long-term antihypertensive treatment. In five patients who had responded poorly to combined adrenergic blocker and diuretic treatment, plasma volume was either expanded or normal. Intensified diuretic treatment reduced plasma volume below normal and arterial pressure nearly to normal. In 11, who had responded well to treatment either with the same combination (six patients) or with adrenergic blockers alone (five patients), plasma volume was below normal. In the 12 men both systolic and diastolic pressure correlated directly with plasma volume (p less than 0.01 for both). Although adrenergic blocking drugs interfere with cardiovascular adjustments to intravascular volume expansion, reasons for this quantitative relation between pressure and plasma volume did not emerge. However, this study emphasizes the importance of precise volume control in maintaining blood-pressure reductions during treatment.
DC offset estimation for on-off keying based ultra-low power non-coherent receivers

Two methods to estimate the direct current offset (DCO) of non-coherent receivers for on-off keying (OOK) systems are proposed. These estimate I-arm and Q-arm DCO solely from the digitized samples of the envelope detector. This ameliorates power consuming individual I-arm and Q-arm processing for DCO estimation and makes it more suitable for adoption in next generation wireless ultra-low power (ULP) receivers. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed methods is demonstrated for an IEEE 802.15. 4q compliant ULP sliding intermediate frequency receiver.
Genetic Variants in SNCA and the Risk of Sporadic Parkinson's Disease and Clinical Outcomes: A Review

There is increasing evidence of the contribution of genetic susceptibility to the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic variations in the SNCA gene are well established by linkage and genome-wide association studies. Positive associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SNCA and increased risk for PD were found. However, the role of SNCA variants in individual traits or phenotypes of PD is unknown. Here, we reviewed the current literature and identified 57 studies, performed in fourteen different countries, that investigated SNCA variants and susceptibility to PD. We discussed the findings based on environmental factors, history of PD, clinical outcomes, and ethnicity. In conclusion, SNPs within the SNCA gene can modify the susceptibility to PD, leading to increased or decreased risk. The risk associations of some SNPs varied among samples. Of notice, no studies in South American or African populations were found. There is little information about the effects of these variants on particular clinical aspects of PD, such as motor and nonmotor symptoms. Similarly, evidence of possible interactions between SNCA SNPs and environmental factors or disease progression is scarce. There is a need to expand the clinical applicability of these data as well as to investigate the role of SNCA SNPs in populations with different ethnic backgrounds.
Imaging and therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma using replication‐competent herpes simplex viruses

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer that is refractory to current treatment modalities. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSV) used for gene therapy are genetically engineered, replication‐competent viruses that selectively target tumor cells while sparing normal host tissue. The localized nature, the potential accessibility and the relative lack of distant metastasis make MPM a particularly suitable disease for oncolytic viral therapy.
Microbial macroecology: highly structured prokaryotic soil assemblages in a tropical deciduous forest

Aim To assess the hypothesis that free-living prokaryotes show a pattern of ‘no biogeography’ by examining the scaling of soil prokaryotic diversity and by comparing it with other groups’ biogeographical patterns. Location Two sites in the tropical deciduous forest of Chamela, Jalisco, on the western coast of Mexico. Methods We e xamined the diversity and distribution of soil prokaryotes in two 8 × 8 m quadrats divided in such manner that we could sample at four spatial scales. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes were used to define operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that we used in lieu of species to assess diversity. Results We found highly structured species assemblages that allowed us to reject multiple predictions of the hypothesis that soil bacteria show ‘no biogeography’. The frequency distribution of range size (measured as the occupancy of quadrats) of OTUs followed a hollow curve similar to that of vertebrates on continents. Assemblages showed high levels of beta diversity and a non-random nested pattern of diversity. OTU diversity scaled with area followed a power function with slopes z = 0.42 and 0.47.
Image Segmentation by Iterative Inference from Conditional Score Estimation

Inspired by the combination of feedforward and iterative computations in the virtual cortex, and taking advantage of the ability of denoising autoencoders to estimate the score of a joint distribution, we propose a novel approach to iterative inference for capturing and exploiting the complex joint distribution of output variables conditioned on some input variables. This approach is applied to image pixel-wise segmentation, with the estimated conditional score used to perform gradient ascent towards a mode of the estimated conditional distribution. This extends previous work on score estimation by denoising autoencoders to the case of a conditional distribution, with a novel use of a corrupted feedforward predictor replacing Gaussian corruption. An advantage of this approach over more classical ways to perform iterative inference for structured outputs, like conditional random fields (CRFs), is that it is not any more necessary to define an explicit energy function linking the output variables. To keep computations tractable, such energy function parametrizations are typically fairly constrained, involving only a few neighbors of each of the output variables in each clique. We experimentally find that the proposed iterative inference from conditional score estimation by conditional denoising autoencoders performs better than comparable models based on CRFs or those not using any explicit modeling of the conditional joint distribution of outputs.
The genetic regulation of the induction of experimental SLE.

We have recently reported the induction of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in C3H.SW female mice by their immunization with a human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody that bears a common idiotype termed 16/6 Id. In the present study, the ability to induce experimental SLE in seven inbred mouse strains by immunization with the 16/6 Id was examined. Two out of the seven strains failed to develop the disease. These two strains did not produce antibodies specific to the 16/6 Id, while the other five strains produced high titres of anti-16/6 Id antibodies. The anti-16/6 Id antibody response, followed by the induction of the disease, was not found to be MHC or Ig heavy chain allotype linked. F1 hybrids between a resistant strain and two of the susceptible strains were found to be resistant to the induction of the disease, indicating that susceptibility is inherited as a recessive trait. In the autoimmune NZB/W F1 female mice, immunization with the 16/6 Id resulted in an early onset of the SLE-like disease. The results of the present study indicate the role of the anti-16/6 Id antibodies in the induction of experimental SLE, and provide direct evidence for the importance of the genetic background in determining susceptibility to SLE.
Phages as therapeutic tools to control major foodborne pathogens : campylobacter and salmonella

Foodborne diseases are a growing public health problem worldwide with Campylobacter and Salmonella being the most common and widely distributed causative agents. These Gramnegative bacteria are common inhabitant of the gut of warm-blooded animals, especially livestock, being transmitted to humans primarily through the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin. Poultry meat and derivatives are regarded as the most common source of human salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis.
Representing and Classifying EEG Signals in Mental Task Brain-Computer Interfaces Research Exam June

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) provide a mechanism for establishing a direct channel of communication between a user’s brain and a computerized device. BCI are rapidly gaining acceptance as a form of assistive technology and may be used by people with motor impairments to communicate and use tools such as phones, computers, wheelchairs and prosthetics. Eventually, BCI might also become a commonplace form of human-computer interaction. Although various types of BCI are currently being explored, approaches that combine electroencephalography (EEG) with imagined mental tasks (MT) appear to be promising because they are non-invasive, asynchronous and stimulus-free. However, such BCI have not yet reached a level of performance that is acceptable for use in practical applications. This may be partially due to limitations found in current methods for representing and classifying spontaneous EEG signals. In this research exam we investigate various methods for representing and classifying EEG signals for this specific type of BCI. First, we explore the use of frequency-domain representations, including power spectral densities, wavelet transforms and phase locking value. These approaches do well at capturing oscillatory patterns in EEG signals and align well with the EEG analysis techniques used in other disciplines. However, they typically have a limited ability to capture some forms of spatial or temporal patterns. We then explore the use of time-domain signal representations. Approaches that rely on timedelay embedding are able to capture both spatial and temporal patterns but at the expense of high dimensionality. Time-series modeling approaches based on Autoregressive Models and Artificial Neural Networks can be used to construct generative classifiers with fewer model parameters to optimize. It remains unclear, however, whether or not time-series models are able to capture patterns across various time scales. We then discuss some empirical results gathered from current literature and summarize our conclusions about each of these methods. Finally, we offer some potential directions for further research.
Anticancer properties of bioactive compounds of berry fruits - a review.

An overwhelming body of research has now firmly established that the dietary intake of berry fruits has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. Evidence suggests that edible small and soft-fleshed berry fruits may have beneficial effects against several types of human cancers. Studies show that the anticancer effects of berry bioactives reduce and repair damage resulting from oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, also regulate carcinogen and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, various transcriptions and growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and subcellular signaling pathways of cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. Berry phytochemicals may also potentially sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents by inhibiting pathways that lead to treatment resistance, and consumption may provide protection from therapy-associated toxicities. This paper is a comprehensive review of the effects of phytochemicals present in berry fruits on cancer and encompasses the occurrence and bioavailability of these compounds evidences for their effects on the various mechanisms by which may exert their effects. These include effects on cellular differentiation and apoptosis; effects on proteins and enzymes that are involved in these processes Review Article Castro and Teodoro; BJMMR, 6(8): 771-794, 2015; Article no.BJMMR. 2015.252 772 at a molecular level, and other various effects through altered immune function and chemical metabolism.
Health care access and health care workforce for immigrant workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector in the southeastern US.

BACKGROUND The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery (AgFF) Sector workforce in the US is comprised primarily of Latino immigrants. Health care access for these workers is limited and increases health disparities. METHODS This article addresses health care access for immigrant workers in the AgFF Sector, and the workforce providing care to these workers. CONTENTS Immigrant workers bear a disproportionate burden of poverty and ill health and additionally face significant occupational hazards. AgFF laborers largely are uninsured, ineligible for benefits, and unable to afford health services. The new Affordable Care Act will likely not benefit such individuals. Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHCs) are the frontline of health care access for immigrant AgFF workers. C/MHCs offer discounted health services that are tailored to meet the special needs of their underserved clientele. C/MHCs struggle, however, with a shortage of primary care providers and staff prepared to treat occupational illness and injury among AgFF workers. A number of programs across the US aim to increase the number of primary care physicians and care givers trained in occupational health at C/MHCs. While such programs are beneficial, substantial action is needed at the national level to strengthen and expand the C/MHC system and to establish widely Medical Home models and Accountable Care Organizations. System-wide policy changes alone have the potential to reduce and eliminate the rampant health disparities experienced by the immigrant workers who sustain the vital Agricultural, Forestry, and Fishery sector in the US.
Comparison of different model error treatments and assimilation schemes in land surface temperature assimilation

In this study, land surface temperature (LST) is assimilated by using Common Land Model (CoLM) and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). To found the most reasonable method on model error treatment and remote sensed land surface temperature assimilation, some methods on the model ensemble generation and the construction of observe operators are compared. Though experiments show the two methods have similar result, forcing and parameter perturbation can generate ensemble more reasonable compared with perturbing only state variables, and is more easily to achieve in realistic assimilation. In observe operator comparison, by the component temperature decomposition method, the land surface temperature of remote sensing can update ground surface temperature in the CoLM model directly, which has more obvious physical meaning than other observe operator. A synthetic experiment also shows this method have the best result in the comparison.
A new method of fabricating robust freeform 3D ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration

Fabrication of three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds with appropriate mechanical properties and desired architecture for promoting cell growth and new tissue formation is one of the most important efforts in tissue engineering field. Scaffolds fabricated from bioactive ceramic materials such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate show promise because of their biological ability to support bone tissue regeneration. However, the use of ceramics as scaffold materials is limited because of their inherent brittleness and difficult processability. The aim of this study was to create robust ceramic scaffolds, which have a desired architecture. Such scaffolds were successfully fabricated by projection‐based microstereolithography, and dilatometric analysis was conducted to study the sintering behavior of the ceramic materials. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were improved by infiltrating them with a polycaprolactone solution. The toughness and compressive strength of these ceramic/polymer scaffolds were about twice those of ceramic scaffolds. Furthermore, the osteogenic gene expression on ceramic/polymer scaffolds was better than that on ceramic scaffolds. Through this study, we overcame the limitations of previous research on fabricating ceramic scaffolds and these new robust ceramic scaffolds may provide a much improved 3D substrate for bone tissue regeneration. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1444–1455. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiplanar reconstruction in MR imaging of the knee. Comparison with standard sagittal and coronal images.

PURPOSE To compare standard MR sagittal and coronal imaging of the knee with the MR technique of finer sagittal imaging and subsequent reconstruction in any plane. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-seven patients took part in the study. Two radiologists each made two independent interpretations in every case, based on images of: a) 4-mm sagittal and coronal slices; and b) 1.2-mm sagittal slices with subsequent reconstruction. RESULTS We found no significant difference in diagnostic efficacy between the two MR techniques. The reconstruction in any desired plane involved a potential reduction of 10 min in examination time but an increase of approximately 20 min in postprocessing time. CONCLUSION The use of multiplanar reconstruction offered no additional diagnostic value and no saving of time.
Response to intervention: Increasing fluency, rate, and accuracy for students at risk for reading failure

In recent years, with the advent of NCLB, the U S Department of Education established new guidelines for the identification of students with learning disabilities. In an effort to meet these new guidelines, many districts have implemented a Response to Intervention (RTI) model. This model has been implemented in conjunction with, or in place of the previously common IQ-achievement discrepancy model that emphasized IQ in the identification process. This quasi-experimental study examined the effectiveness of RTI by measurement of the impact of specialized instruction on the reading fluency of identified fourth grade children at risk of failure. The results of the study indicated that student achievement significantly increases when RTI is effectively implemented.
Responses of inbred mouse strains to infection with intestinal nematodes

Abstract Comparisons were made of the immune and inflammatory responses of four strains of inbred mice to infection with the intestinal nematodes Trichinella spiralis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis to determine whether genetically determined ‘high responsiveness’ to infection, seen most clearly in intestinal responses, is independent of the parasite concerned and necessarily correlated with protection. The time course of infection was followed by counting adult worms at intervals after infection. Mucosal mast cells and Paneth cell numbers were determined as indices of the intestinal inflammatory response. Levels of IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies and of the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-5 released from in vitro-stimulated mesenteric node lymphocytes were measured to assess type 1 and type 2 responses. NIH and CBA mice were the most resistant to T. spiralis and N. brasiliensis respectively, resistance in each case being correlated with the most intense intestinal inflammatory responses. C57BL/10 (B10) and B10.BR were the least resistant to T. spiralis, but were as resistant as CBA to N. brasiliensis, despite their intestinal inflammatory responses to both parasites being much lower than the other two strains. Mice infected with T. spiralis made the expected switch from a type 1 (IFN-γ) to a type 2 (IL-5) response between days 2 and 8, and there were no significant differences in levels of these cytokines between the strains. In contrast, when infected with N. brasiliensis, CBA showed an IFN-γ response at day 4, all strains switching to IL-5 by day 8 and NIH mice releasing the greatest amount of IL-5. The results indicate that the ‘high responder’ phenotype to intestinal nematode infection is in part determined by host characteristics, but is also determined by the parasite concerned – seen most clearly by the differences between NIH and CBA when infected with T. spiralis and N. brasiliensis. The fact that ‘low responder’ B10 background mice were more resistant to N. brasiliensis than ‘high responder’ NIH implies that each parasite elicits a particular pattern of protective host responses, rather than parasites being differentially susceptible to the same response profile.
Thermal ablation for the treatment of primary and secondary pulmonary malignancies.

In the review article entitled “The Role of Percutaneous Image-Guided Thermal Ablation for the Treatment of Pulmonary Malignancies” (1) recently published in the American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) by Mouli and colleagues, the authors reviewed thermal ablation techniques [radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation] for the treatment of pulmonary malignancies [non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and metastasis] with respect to treatment mechanism, local efficacy, imaging modalities used for guidance, treatment response evaluation, and clinical outcomes. The authors also reviewed the comparative studies of thermal ablations with surgery and stereotactic beam radiotherapy (SBRT).