Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiagent-Based Distribution Automation Solution for Self-Healing Grids

A multiagent-based distribution automation solution is proposed to be used in the distribution of self-healing grids to solve the service restoration part of the Fault Location, Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR) task. The solution reduces the grid topology to an undirected weighted graph and executes a distributed implementation of Prim's minimum spanning tree algorithm to solve the problem. The solution is compliant with state-of-the-art standards within smart grids, including but not limited to IEC61850. To test the performance of the algorithm, a testbed is assembled consisting of a physical dc grid model and several Arduino microcontrollers and Raspberry Pi computers. The test results show that the proposed algorithm can handle complex FLISR scenarios.
Stress reduction in resin-based composites cured with a two-step light-curing unit.

PURPOSE To examine the stress reduction of different resin-based composites, cured with a two-step polymerization unit (Elipar Highlight) by means of a photoelastic investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each material (Pertac II, Tetric Ceram, Charisma F, Solitaire, Dyract, Dyract AP, Definite), a minimum of 10 resin samples, embedded in acrylic-glass plates, were polymerized using a standard polymerization process of 700 mW/cm for 40 s. Another 10 samples were polymerized with a light output of 150 mW/cm2 for 10 s and then with a light output of 700 mW/cm2 for 30 s. RESULTS For Pertac II the reduction of polymerization stress in the two-step-mode was 15.5%, for Tetric Ceram 14.5%, for Solitaire 8.1%, for Dyract AP 6.5% and for Definite 4.7%. These differences in polymerization stress between the standard and two-step-polymerization mode were statistically significant (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon test). No statistically significant differences in polymerization stress could be found for Charisma F and Dyract.
Systems of Budget Administration

The line-item budget is the most common form of budgeting in use in school districts today. However, there are alternative methods of budgeting. Three alternative approaches to budgeting are zero-based budgeting (ZBB), planning-programmingbudgeting systems (PPBS), and site-based budgeting. In this article, I discuss each of these four approaches to budgeting. ________________________________________________________________________ Budgeting is the process of calculating the costs of operating an educational program and then applying the legal provisions of local, state, and federal government laws and restrictions to determine the sources of revenue and amounts obtainable to meet the anticipated expenditures (Brimley & Garfield, 2008). This approach to budgeting was common in school districts in the past. They involved little relationship between the objectives of the school program and the expenditures. Rarely were alternative approaches to budgeting considered. There are a number of different approaches to developing the budget. Four common approaches are (1) line-item budgeting, (2) zero-based budgeting, (3) planningprogramming-budgeting systems, and (4) site-based budgeting.
Parametrizing singularly to enclose data points by a smooth parametric surface

The problem of enclosing a data point by a smooth piece wise polynomial surface is solved with the help of a singular parametrization. The technique is illustrated by an algorithm that constructs a Cl surface interpolating 3D positional and normal data. Resume Une surface lis se a pieces polynomielles est construit autour d'un point par une parametrization singulaire. La technique est illustree par un algorithme que construit une surface Cl qu ' interpole des dates 3D.
Assessment of pain response in capsaicin-induced dynamic mechanical allodynia using a novel and fully automated brushing device.

BACKGROUND Dynamic mechanical allodynia is traditionally induced by manual brushing of the skin. Brushing force and speed have been shown to influence the intensity of brush-evoked pain. There are still limited data available with respect to the optimal stroke number, length, force, angle and speed. Therefore, an automated brushing device (ABD) was developed, for which brushing angle and speed could be controlled to enable quantitative assessment of dynamic mechanical allodynia. OBJECTIVES To compare the ABD with manual brushing using capsaicin-induced allodynia, and to investigate the role of stroke angle and speed on pain intensity. METHODS Experimental dynamic mechanical allodynia was induced by an intradermal injection of capsaicin (100 µg) into the volar forearm of 12 healthy, male volunteers. Dynamic mechanical allodynia was rated on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) after each set of strokes at angles of 30°, 60° and 90° with speeds of 17 mm⁄s, 21 mm⁄s and 25 mm⁄s for each angle. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to assess the influence of brushing parameters. To evaluate test-retest reliability, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement, including a coefficient of repeatability and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), were determined. RESULTS The angle and speed exhibited a significant impact on pain intensity (P<0.001 and P<0.015, respectively). Post hoc analysis showed that the highest pain intensity was recorded with an angle of 30° regardless of brushing speed. The ABD demonstrated superior test-retest reliability (coefficient of repeatability = 1.9 VAS; ICC=0.91) compared with manual brushing (coefficient of repeatability = 2.8 VAS; ICC=0.80; P<0.05). The most reliable combination of parameters (coefficient of repeatability = 1.3 VAS; ICC=0.97) was an angle of 60° and a speed of 21 mm⁄s. CONCLUSIONS A controlled, automatic brushing method can be used for quantitative investigations of allodynic reactions, and is more reliable for quantitative assessment of dynamic mechanical allodynia compared with traditional manual brushing.
Influence of kidney function on urinary excretion of albumin and retinol-binding protein in dogs with naturally occurring renal disease.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate excretion of urinary albumin (UAlb) and urinary retinol-binding protein (URBP) in dogs with naturally occurring renal disease. ANIMALS 64 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURES Dogs were assigned to groups according to plasma creatinine concentration, urinary protein-to-urinary creatinine ratio (UP:UC), and exogenous plasma creatinine clearance (P-Cl(Cr)) rates: group A (n = 8), nonazotemic (plasma creatinine < 125 μmol/L) and nonproteinuric (UP:UC < 0.2) with P-Cl(Cr) rate > 90 mL/min/m²; group B (26), nonazotemic and nonproteinuric with P-Cl(Cr) rate 50 to 89 mL/min/m²; group C (7), nonazotemic but proteinuric with P-Cl(Cr) rate 53 to 98 mL/min/m²; group D (8), azotemic and borderline proteinuric with P-Cl(Cr) rate 22 to 45 mL/min/m²); and group E (15), azotemic and proteinuric (P-Cl(Cr) not evaluated). The UAlb and URBP concentrations were measured via ELISA; UAlb-to-urinary creatinine (UAlb:UC) and URBP-to-urinary creatinine (URBP:UC) ratios were determined. RESULTS UAlb:UC and URBP:UC did not differ between groups A and B. Increased UAlb: UCs and URBP:UCs were paralleled by increased UP:UCs in groups C, D, and E relative to values from groups A and B, independent of azotemia. There were significant positive correlations of UP:UC with UAlb:UC and of UAlb:UC with URBP:UC (r = 0.82 and 0.46, respectively). However, UP:UC, UAlb:UC, and URBP:UC were not significantly correlated with P-ClCr rate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE UAlb and URBP concentrations were paralleled by urinary protein concentrations and may be useful in assessing renal management of plasma proteins. Determination of urinary protein, UAlb, or URBP concentration was not sufficiently sensitive to detect reduced P-Cl(Cr) in nonazotemic dogs.
Using job embeddedness factors to explain voluntary turnover in four European countries

The aging of the European workforce coupled with existing deficits of skilled workers in vital sectors (e.g., information and communication technology) make the attraction and retention of skilled workers a critical strategic human resource management issue. The large-scale, multi-country study reported in this article investigates the causes of voluntary turnover. The study is based on a large European dataset that contains information about a wide variety of variables that have been shown to influence voluntary turnover. The results indicate that the traditional turnover model, where ease of movement and desirability of movement are regarded as important predictors of turnover, receives support. Importantly, the study also shows that a new theory of employee retention – job embeddedness – explains a significant amount of variance above and beyond the role of demographic and traditional variables. In sum, the evidence suggests that the turnover decision is not only about the individual's attitudes towards work or about the actual opportunities in the labour market, but also job embeddedness.
Direct Energy Transfer for High Efficiency Photovoltaic Energy Systems Part I: Concepts and Hypothesis

This two-part paper presents a comprehensive comparative study on parallel power processing (PPP) and standard schemes in dc/dc converters for photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. It is demonstrated how PPP can improve direct energy transfer (DET), which results in PV systems operating at higher voltage and efficiency. Discussions of the concepts, hypotheses and computer simulations are presented in Part I. Part II provides the experimental results, which confirm the validity of the analysis and simulations.
The Transcriptional Activity of cAMP Response Element-binding Protein-binding Protein Is Modulated by the Latency Associated Nuclear Antigen of Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus*

A multifunctional transcription co-activator, cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP)interacts with a number of cellular factors and participates in cell growth, transformation, and development. It is also targeted by many viral proteins for their transcriptional activity or for the regulation of cellular processes. Here, we report that the C/H3 region of CBP is targeted by the latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). LANA interferes with the interaction between CBP and c-Fos, a representative C/H3 region binding, cellular transcription factor, in vivo andin vitro. In addition, we found that LANA inhibits the transcriptional activity and the in vitro histone acetyltransferase activity of CBP, suggesting that LANA modulates the global transcriptional activities of infected cells through the interaction with CBP. These results indicate that KSHV follows one of the conserved strategies, which other viruses utilize for influencing the cellular processes.
Mobility Enhancement in Uniaxially Strained (110) Oriented Ultra-Thin Body Single- and Double-Gate MOSFETs with SOI Thickness of Less Than 4 nm

Mobility in single-gate (SG) and double-gate (DG) ultra-thin body (UTB) SOI MOSFETs under uniaxial tensile stress has been systematically examined. Mobility enhancement in both UTB nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs by stress is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The enhancement in UTB nMOSFETs is larger than the prediction by theory. The mobility enhancement by stress in DG UTB nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs is also observed. The enhancement may originate from not only the subband energy shift but effective mass change.
Architecture and anatomy of the chromosomal locus in human chromosome 21 encoding the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase.

The SOD‐1 gene on chromosome 21 and approximately 100 kb of chromosomal DNA from the 21q22 region have been isolated and characterized. The gene which is present as a single copy per haploid genome spans 11 kb of chromosomal DNA. Heteroduplex analysis and DNA sequencing reveals five rather small exons and four introns that interrupt the coding region. The donor sequence at the first intron contains an unusual variant dinucleotide 5′‐G‐C, rather than the highly conserved 5′‐GT. The unusual splice junction is functional in vivo since it was detected in both alleles of the SOD‐1 gene, which were defined by differences in the length of restriction endonuclease fragments (RFLPs) that hybridize to the cDNA probe. Genomic blots of human DNA isolated from cells trisomic for chromosome 21 (Down's syndrome patients) show the normal pattern of bands. At the 5′ end of gene there are the ‘TATA’ and ‘CAT’ promoter sequences as well as four copies of the ‐GGCGGG‐ hexanucleotide. Two of these ‐GC‐ elements are contained within a 13 nucleotide inverted repeat that could form a stem‐loop structure with stability of ‐33 kcal. The 3′‐non coding region of the gene contains five short open reading‐frames starting with ATG and terminating with stop codons.
Replications in Psychology Research

Recent controversies in psychology have spurred conversations about the nature and quality of psychological research. One topic receiving substantial attention is the role of replication in psychological science. Using the complete publication history of the 100 psychology journals with the highest 5-year impact factors, the current article provides an overview of replications in psychological research since 1900. This investigation revealed that roughly 1.6% of all psychology publications used the term replication in text. A more thorough analysis of 500 randomly selected articles revealed that only 68% of articles using the term replication were actual replications, resulting in an overall replication rate of 1.07%. Contrary to previous findings in other fields, this study found that the majority of replications in psychology journals reported similar findings to their original studies (i.e., they were successful replications). However, replications were significantly less likely to be successful when there was no overlap in authorship between the original and replicating articles. Moreover, despite numerous systemic biases, the rate at which replications are being published has increased in recent decades.
An International Perspective on Worker Mental Health Problems: Who Bears the Burden and How are Costs Addressed?

Objective: To discuss the burden of poor mental health in workers, who currently bears it, and how the associated rising costs are being addressed, from an international perspective. Method: We identify the stakeholder groups and the costs they incur as a result of problems related to mental health in 6 different domains. In addition, we offer examples of programs, services, and strategies being used to either decrease costs or enhance benefits. Results: Mental illness is associated with a wide range of costs distributed across multiple stakeholders including government, employers, workers and their families, and the health care system. The costs incurred by the groups are interrelated; an attempt to decrease the burden for one group of stakeholders will inevitably affect other stakeholders. Thus the answer to the question of who bears the costs of poor mental health is “everyone. ” Conclusions: Everyone could benefit from investment in improved mental health in the workplace. However, because the benefits associated with improved worker mental health are often distributed among several stakeholders, the incentives for any single stakeholder to pay for additional services for workers may be diluted. As a consequence, no one invests. Nevertheless, there is a role for all stakeholders, just as there are potential benefits for all. Along with government, employers, employees, and the health care system must invest in promoting good workplace health.
Structural Connectivity Related to Persistent Symptoms After Mild TBI in Adolescents and Response to Aerobic Training: Preliminary Investigation

Objective: To quantify structural connectivity abnormalities in adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to investigate connectivity changes following aerobic training using graph theory and diffusion tensor imaging tractography. Setting: Outpatient research setting. Participants: Twenty-two children (age: 15.83 ± 1.77 years, 10 females) with 4 to 16 weeks of persistent symptoms after mTBI and a matched healthy comparison group. Design: Randomized clinical trial of aerobic training and stretching comparison combined with case-control comparison. Main Measures: (1) Five global network measures: global efficiency (Eglob), mean local efficiency, modularity, normalized clustering coefficient (&ggr;), normalized characteristic path length (&lgr;), and small-worldness (&sgr;). (2) The self-reported Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory score. Results: At initial enrollment, adolescents with mTBI had significantly lower Eglob and higher &ggr;, &lgr;, and &sgr; (all P < .05) than healthy peers. After the intervention, significantly increased Eglob and decreased &lgr; (both P < .05) were found in the aerobic training group. Improvement in Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory scores was significantly correlated with the Eglob increase and &lgr; decrease in the aerobic training and &lgr; decrease in the stretching comparison group (all P < .05). Conclusion: This pilot study showed initial evidence that structural connectivity analysis was sensitive to brain network abnormalities and may serve as an imaging biomarker in children with persistent symptoms after mTBI.
Biological potency of certain plant extracts in management of two lepidopteran pests of Ricinus communis L.

Antifeedant and toxic effects of leaf extracts of Syzygium cumini L. , Ocimum basilicum L. , Luffa aegyptica Mill. , Eichhornia crassipes Mart. , Tamarindus indica L. , Terminalia catappa L. , Limonia acidissima L. , Murraya koenigii L. , Breynia retusa (Dennst.). , Jatropha curcas L. , Tectona grandis L. , Momordica charantia L. , Mangifera indica L. , Ricinus communis L. , and the seed extract of Madhuca indica Gmelin. , were evaluated in the laboratory and the results were reported. The crude acetone extracts were tested against the third instar larvae of two lepidopteran pests i.e. the tobacco cut worm, Spodoptera litura Fab. and the castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Antifeedant activity of the extracts was assessed through leaf disc choice tests. The leaf extracts of M. charantia, T. grandis, M. indica and T. indica exhibited strong antifeedant activity (> 85%) in leaf disc bioassays at a dosage of 100-mg/ 21cm 2 . Test extracts of T. grandis, M. indica and M. charantia produced higher toxicity (> 80%) to S. litura and A. janata at 20-100 mg/21 cm²/ larva doses were applied, and LD 50 values of (47.85- 72.60 mg/21 cm²). The acetone extracts of M. charantia, T. grandis and M. indica were found to exhibit both feeding deterrent and toxic activities. The other plants which were tested had moderate effects towards these pests. Based on their feeding deterrent and toxic properties, some of these plant extracts have potential for use as alternative crop protectants against certain pest species.
Antinociceptive Effects of Methysergide in Various Pain Models

Several studies have demonstrated that the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone produces a paradoxical antinociception in the formalin test. The opioid system is related to the serotonergic system for producing antinociception at the spinal level. Here we also asked whether systemic (i.p.) and intrathecal (i.t.) administrations of a nonselective serotonergic antagonist, methysergide, might produce paradoxical antinocicpetion similar to naloxone in the mouse formalin test. A diluted formalin solution was injected into the mouse plantar region of the hind paw and the duration of licking responses was measured at periods of 0–5 min (1st phase) and 20–40 min (2nd phase) after formalin injection. Methysergide administered i.p. and i.t. showed an attenuated licking duration only in the 2nd phase. The effect observed in the 2nd phase was reversed in the 5,7-dihydroxytriptamine, but not N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine pretreated group of mice, suggesting that descending serotonergic, but not noradrenergic, systems are involved in the methysergide antinociception. To further investigate the mechanism by which methysergide inhibited the nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin, the antinociceptive effect of methysergide was also tested in substance P (i.t.) and excitatory amino acids (i.t.), such as glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid, and kainic acid, which are major components in the formalin-induced nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord pain models. The duration of nociceptive behaviors shown in these models was significantly shortened by i.p. and i.t. administration of methysergide. These results suggest that methysergide also produces a paradoxical antinociception in various pain models including the formalin test, similar to the results of naloxone.
End-Stage Renal Disease Cardiac Calcification in Adult Hemodialysis Patients

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine clinical and laboratory correlates of calcification of the coronary arteries, aorta and mitral and aortic valves in adult subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis. BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is known to be a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in non-uremic individuals. Patients with ESRD experience accelerated vascular calcification, due at least in part to dysregulation of mineral metabolism. Clinical correlates of the extent of calcification in ESRD have not been identified. Moreover, the clinical relevance of calcification as measured by electron-beam tomography (EBT) has not been determined in the ESRD population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 205 maintenance hemodialysis patients who received baseline EBT for evaluation of vascular and valvular calcification. We compared subjects with and without clinical evidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease and determined correlates of the extent of vascular and valvular calcification using multivariable linear regression and proportional odds logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The median coronary artery calcium score was 595 (interquartile range, 76 to 1,600), values consistent with a high risk of obstructive coronary artery disease in the general population. The coronary artery calcium scores were directly related to the prevalence of myocardial infarction (p 0.0001) and angina (p 0.0001), and the aortic calcium scores were directly related to the prevalence of claudication (p 0.001) and aortic aneurysm (p 0.02). The extent of coronary calcification was more pronounced with older age, male gender, white race, diabetes, longer dialysis vintage and higher serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus. Total cholesterol (and high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein subfractions), triglycerides, hemoglobin and albumin were not significantly related to the extent of coronary artery calcification. Only dialysis vintage was significantly associated with the prevalence of valvular calcification. CONCLUSIONS Coronary artery calcification is common, severe and significantly associated with ischemic cardiovascular disease in adult ESRD patients. The dysregulation of mineral metabolism in ESRD may influence vascular calcification risk. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:695–701) © 2002 by the American College of Cardiology