Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adipocyte size and lipogenic enzyme activities in different adipose tissue depots in steers of local Spanish breeds

The effect of genotype on the size of adipocytes and on the lipogenic enzyme activities in different fat depots in Asturiana, Avilena, Morucha, Parda Alpina, Pirenaica, Retinta and Rubia Gallega steers was studied (six animals per breed). Steers were weaned at about 6 to 8 months of age and 220 to 260 kg live weight (LW). During the fattening period the steers were given commercial concentrates and straw, both ad libitum, until slaughter at 470 kg average LW. Adipocyte size and activity of the following lipogenic enzymes were studied: glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 3-PDH); fatty acid synthase (FAS); NADP-malate dehydrogenase (MD), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6-PDH) and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) in the omental, perirenal, subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose depots. Also the perirenal fat depot was removed and weighed and the 10th rib was dissected. Differences between breeds were significant for the amount of fat in the different adipose depots (P
Prey Capture by Paralarvae of the Squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Captivity

Cephalopods during their early life stages resemble miniature adults, but their planktonic mode of life differs from that of adults, and, by convention, are called “paralarvae”. We investigated the prey-capturing behaviour of the loliginid squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis paralarvae under culture conditions. Paralarvae hatched at a mean size of 2.1 mm in mantle length (ML). Prey-capturing behaviour was first observed on 1 day after hatching. Although paralarvae were fed a mixture of five types of prey (Artemia nauplii, copepods, amphipods, crab megalopae and mysids), capturing behaviour was only observed for crab (Decapoda: Grapsidae) megalopae, even when other organisms were present in greater numbers. These results suggest that this species specific-feeding preference generate variability in the paralarval survival rate and may be a cause of growth fluctuation in U. (P.) edulis in captivity.
Osmotic Adjustment in Chickpea in Relation to Seed Yield and Yield Parameters

To ascertain the role of osmotic adjustment (OA) in drought tolerance of chickpea (Cicer anetinum L.), eight cultivars differing in OA capacity were field grown under a line source sprinkler irrigation system. This imposed a soil moisture gradient on either side of the line source. The cultivars were divided into high and low OA groups and crop performance was assessed group-wise at three growth stages and at the time of harvest. A two-way increase in water stress was observed, along the soil moisture gradient and across the growth stages. As a result, water potential, osmotic potential, and relative water content decreased progressively with increasing soil moisture stress and age of the crop, regardless of OA groups. As compared with low OA cultivars, high OA cultivars generally showed an improved plant water status. High OA cultivars proved significantly superior to low OA ones in seed yield and most of its parameters. The yield benefit was 26 and 48% at moderate and severe moisture stress levels of the line source. This coincided with osmotic adjustment ranging from 0.28 to 0.48 MPa and from 0.37 to 0.71 MPa, respectively, at various phases of reproductive growth.
Determination of organophosphate resistance status and mechanism in Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Turkey / Türkiye’deki Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’nin organofosfat direnç durumunun ve mekanizmasının belirlenmesi

Abstract Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine resistance status to malathion and pirimiphos- methyl insecticides and to make biochemical analysis of resistance mechanism(s) developed to these insecticides in Sitophilus zeamais (S. zeamais) populations, collected from two different locations in Turkey. Two organophosphate insecticides, malathion and pirimiphos- methyl, were examined by bioassay using a discriminating dosage technique with impregnated filter papers. Mortality percentages were determined at the discriminating doses of these insecticides. In addition, esterase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities were also determined in this study in order to analyze detoxification mechanism(s) of tested insecticides in S. zeamais. Methods: Bioassay experiments of malathion and pirimiphos- methyl insecticides in S. zeamais populations were performed according to the IRAC susceptibility test method No:006. Furthermore, enzyme activities of esterases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and glutathione S-transferases were determined by using biochemical assays. Results: The bioassay results of malathion and pirimiphos- methyl showed that only Kırıkkale population of S. zeamais has resistance to both malathion and pirimiphos- methyl insecticides. However, no resistance was detected to malathion and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides in Samsun population of S. zeamais. Additionally, biochemical analysis displayed that while CYP450-PNOD activities showed an increase only in Kırıkkale population (3.0-fold), EST-PNPA activities showed an increase only in Samsun population (1.3-fold). Finally, GST-CDNB activities increased both in Kırıkkale (1.4-fold) and Samsun (2.2- fold) populations of S. zeamais compared to susceptible population. Conclusion: Consequently, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases seem to play a role in organophosphate resistance in Kırıkkale population of S. zeamais from Turkey.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT ANTISEPTICS ON CONTAMINATED GUTTA-PERCHA CONES

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different antisepticsfor decontamination of gutta-percha cones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six cones werecontaminated with standardized pure cultures of six different microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The cones were treated forfive minutes with different antiseptic solutions: 2% iodine alcohol, 3% sodium hypochlorite, 0.2%chlorohexidine and 5% citric acid. RESULTS: Iodine alcohol was the most effective for all themicroorganisms, except for Candida albicans. For this microorganism, the best results were obtainedwith 3% sodium hypochlorite and 5% citric acid; these two solutions showed moderate activity onother microorganisms. Chlorohexidine was not effective on any of the microorganisms.
A comparison of the results of California mastitis testing, somatic cell counts and bacteriological findings of mastitis agents in goat's milk

Fur die Orientierungsbestimmung der Zellzahl in Ziegenmilchproben (n = 912) wurde ein Stallverfahren-California-Mastitis-Test (CMT) - angewandt. Bei 427 Proben (46, 82%) wurden dabei die Reaktionsstufen von 1-3 verzeichnet, wahrend bei den restlichen 485 (53, 18%) Milchproben die Reaktion des Mastitis-Tests negativ war und auf keine Milchdrusenerkrankung hinwies. Der mittels "Fossomatic" ermittelte Gehalt an somatischen Zellen betrug durchschnittlich 1, 3x106/ml (geometrischer Mittelwert 4, 7x105/ml). Durch eine bakteriologische Untersuchung der Ziegenmilchproben wurden in 247 Proben (27, 08%) spezifische Mastitiserreger nachgewiesen. Insgesamt wurden 252 Mikroorganismen isoliert. Die meisten Keime gehorten der Gattung Micrococcus (39, 68%) an, dann folgten Staphylococcus spp. (29, 76%), Escherichia coli (9, 13%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8, 73%), Streptococcus der Gruppe D (7, 94%) Bacillus cereus (2, 38%), Pasteurella haemolytica (1, 19%) und am Ende folgten Streptococcus der Gruppe E und Pasteurella multocida i Klebsiella spp. (0, 4%). Durch die Gegenuberstellung der Ergebnisse des California-Mastitis-Tests (CMT) und der Ergebnisse der bakteriologischen Milchuntersuchung zeigte sich, dass ein erhohter Gehalt an somatischen Zellen an und fur sich nicht auf eine Erkrankung der Milchdrusen bei Ziegen hinweist. Mit dem Mastitis-Test kann eine Euterentzundung ausgeschlossen werden (Reaktionsstufen 0), aber bei allen positiven Reaktionen mussen die Ergebnisse durch eine bakteriologische Untersuchungen uberpruft werden.
VARIATIONS OF HUMAN RENAL ARTERY

The aim of the study was to determine the distribution patterns of multiple renal arteries, evaluate how they are affected by gender andbilateral asymmetry and proceed on a systematic review. One hundred and six kidneys from 53 cadavers (27 males and 26 females)were investigated. The number and pattern of multiple renal arteries were determined according to side, gender and level of origin. Thedistances between the main renal and first multiple renal arteries were also measured. Multiple renal arteries were present in 5.6% of thekidneys. No statistically significant difference was found between side and gender (p>0.05). The incidence of multiple renal arteries was43% unilaterally and 6% bilaterally. As regards the multiple renal arteries, a single artery was detected in 43%, two in 6% and three in2.3idin%. In 15.5% (3/12) of the kidneys, there was a short common trunk (<1.5 cm), early dividing into the main renal artery and a thinnerartery. Multiple renal arteries on the left side seemed to emerge lower than the right ones and displayed a greater variability at their origin.In the systematic review, we detected the patterns of multiple renal arteries which were classified according to population, gender, side andspecimen (cadaveric, radiological or transplant). The awareness of morphology and topography of the multiple renal arteries is important inorder to achieve a safe pre and intraoperative management of the renal vascular supply.
An Electromyographic Study of the Adductor Mandibulae Complex of a Free-Swimming Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) During Feeding

1. The anatomy of the upper and lower jaws of the carp, together with the associated maxillaris and mandibularis muscles of the adductor mandibulae complex, is described. 2. From the electromyograms of the adductor mandibulae muscles, recorded simultaneously with a 16 mm film of the mouth movements in a free-swimming carp, the muscle coordination of the diverse mouth movements during feeding has been studied. 3. The interpretation of the results has been verified by electrical stimulation of the muscles, in different combinations, in a fish in which spontaneous movements were abolished by heavy anaesthesia.
Maximizing information yield from pheromone-baited monitoring traps: Estimating plume reach, trapping radius, and absolute density of randomly moving insects

Thesis Ph. D. Michigan State University. Entomology 2016%%%%Monitoring traps perform very well for recording what insect pests are present in a crop and when they are active. However, translating catch numbers into actual pest numbers per area has, until now, rarely been accomplished. This dissertation reveals how novel methods of data analysis were used to interpret catch data from both single-trap, multiple-release and single-release to a 5 x 5 trapping grid experiments using two model organisms, codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) responding to standard pheromone baited and floral plus pheromone baited traps, respectively. The main objectives were to produce reliable measurements of: 1) the attractant plume reach from the trap, 2) the maximum dispersive distance of a population of responders, 3) the proportion of the population in the trapping area caught (Tfer), and 4) the patterns of movement (C.S.D.). Two release designs were employed for codling moth: 1) releases in the four cardinal directions, and 2) even releases across 16 ha orchard blocks using both high and low CM populations. For both release designs at high populations, the unadjusted mean proportion caught (Tfer) was 0.01 as compared to 0.02 for even releases of low populations. Mean maximum dispersive distance for released codling moth males was ca. 260 m. Plume reach for the standard CM trap was only ca. 2 m, total trapping area for a single trap was ca. 21 ha. , and the measure of meander of 37°. These estimates were consistent across three growing seasons and are supported by extraordinarily high replication for this type of field experiment. For Japanese beetle a foraging meander of 9 ± 3° C.S. D. was revealed and the plume reach from the Trece Catch Can trap baited with the dual baitpack lure was 10 m. Measures of Tfer and maximum dispersive distance of 0.06 and 120 m per day were measured. Knowing the trapping area and the Tfer values for these model insects permits catch numbers from single monitoring traps to be translated into absolute pest density using the equation: males per trapping area = catch per trapping area / Tfer. Finally, the mean of 5 traps spaced one tree apart produced considerably more precise measures of absolute codling moth density than did a single trap. This fundamental knowledge of how to space traps and interpret catch numbers will enable pest mangers to make considerably more precise projections of damage and therefore more precise and reliable decisions on whether insecticide applications are justified. The principles and methods established here for estimating absolute insect density should be broadly applicable and thereby set a new standard for IPM decisions based on trapping. %%%%%%%%Description based on online resource;
Air pollution tolerance capacities of selected plant species

Different parameters such as epidermal features, chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid content were determined to find out the air pollution tolerance capacities of some important tree species. Among the twelve tree species studied Albizzia lebbek was considered as relatively resistant and Pongamia pinnata as relatively sensitive to air pollution.
A Disulfide-Reducing Pathway Required For Plastid Cytochrome c Assembly

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . v VITA . vii PUBLICATIONS . vii FIELDS OF STUDY. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS . ix LIST OF TABLES . xiii LIST OF FIGURES . xiv
A comparison of rumen functioh in four Kalahari ungulates

Die verhoudings van reticulo-rumen volume tot l iggaamsmassa is bepaal vir al vier spesies bykomend tot die rumen pH, fermentasietempo envlugtige vry vetsuurkonsentrasie. lnligting oor die persentasie van rumen en fekale drod-materiaal is gerapporteer. Slegs die blouwildebeeste h t'n duidelike afname in l iggaamsmassa getoon in die winter. In die somer was die gemiddelde rumen fermentasie vir agt blouwildebeeste wat bestudeer is,327 pmol gas/g DM/h, wat heelwat ho6r was as vir die ander spesies, insluitende die springbok met 269 pmol gas/g DM/h. Dieselfde neiging is in die winter waargeneem. Die teorie dat die wildebees minder goed aangepas is by die droii streek as die ander spesies wat ondersoek is, word verder gesteun deur die feit dat die DM% in albei seisoene aansienlik laer was as in die ander spesies.
Nictation Assays for Caenorhabditis and Other Nematodes

1 Baisc Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; 2 School of Mechanical Engineering & Department of Global Biomedical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; 3 Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; 4 Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea * For correspondence: elegans@snu.ac. kr
Comparison of total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities in mint genotypes used as spices / Baharat olarak kullanılan nane genotiplerinin toplam fenolik içerikleri ve antioksidan kapasitelerinin karşılaştırılması

Abstract Objective: Mint (Mentha spp.) genotypes used as spices are cultivated in Turkey and used for different purposes including herbal tea, spices, the cosmetics industry, and are used in folk medicine. While mint species have been used in traditional practices during humanity’s long history, there is limited research on the comparison of their antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents. This aim of the research is to compare antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in mint clones to determine superior genotypes for herbal and spice usage and cultivation. Methods: Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Total phenolic content in clones were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results: Maximum total phenolic content [28.27±3.95 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW)] and FRAP activity 577.09±46.02 μmol Trolox equiv/g DW were obtained from Clone 13 (M. spicata), while M. piperita clones were higher for TEAC activity (800.02±1.10 μmol Trolox equiv/g DW). The results were first records for M. villoso nervata. FRAP and TEAC activities selected clones were correlated with total phenolic content (r=0.77; 0.73 respectively). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be suggested that Clone 13, Clone 5, (M. spicata) Clone 3 and Clone 8 (M. piperita) are more suitable for use as spice, herbal tea, and antioxidant agents. The clones must be selected for commercial cultivation by the grower and they can be used as spices and herbal teas.
Wildlife monitoring with unmanned aerial vehicles: Quantifying distance to auditory detection

There is growing application of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for detecting, enumerating, and monitoring wildlife. However, little is known about how the sound from UAVs may be affecting wildlife being studied. We quantified sound levels of 2 UAVs to determine minimum altitudes they can fly before being aurally detected by wildlife. We tested a small quadcopter (SkyRanger; Aeryon Labs, Inc., Waterloo, ON, Canada) and a fixed-wing platform (eBee; Sensefly Ltd., Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland) at the University of Calgary in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, between 1000 and 1200 hours on 27 September 2014. We modeled sound propagation and attenuation in relation to the lower hearing thresholds for 3 game species and 2 species of predators. Results indicate that the UAV sound levels differed in the lower frequency ranges, but were otherwise similar above 1.25 kHz. The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) has the lowest hearing threshold, with the capacity to hear both UAVs from the furthest distance; whereas, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) has the greatest hearing threshold, which means UAVs can be closer before being aurally detected. Because flying height is related to image resolution, our results indicate that the ability to detect some wildlife species may be affected by the need to fly higher to minimize sound disturbance, potentially requiring higher resolution cameras than those currently used. Also, additional flight permitting may be required if modeling indicates a UAV must fly at a greater height to avoid a behavioral response by the target species. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Determination of total and free cholesterol

Abstract Blood is extracted with acetone-alcohol 1:1, the extract evaporated and extracted with chloroform. Glacial acetic acid is added to the chloroform extract. The addition of the glacial acetic acid produces a more stable color of Liebermann-Burchard reaction. The acetone-alcohol extract is also being used for the determination of free cholesterol.
Adenylate kinase in tobacco cell cultures. I, Separation and localisation of different activities

Adenylate kinase (AK, EC 2.7.4.3) activity and its compartmentation were investigated in cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. 'Havana 425'. An electrophoretic pattern consisting of six bands was detected by isoelectrofocusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF-PAGE) and native stain procedures for both directions of the AK-catalysed reaction. Controls using the specific inhibitor adenosine(5')pentaphospho(5')adenosine or omitting AMP in the ATP/ AMP-stain were performed in order to ascertain that the staining was not due to phosphatases or other interfering activities. Mitochondria (80-95% intact) were isolated from cell suspension culture of the line CEH-3. IEF-PAGE revealed only one activity band with a pI of 7.5. Latency tests have shown that this activity is located in the intermembrane space. Chloroplasts (75-85% intact) were isolated from fully grown tobacco leaves. Three activity bands were found in IEF-PAGE with pI of about 4.55, 4.50 and 4.45 respectively. Latency tests indicated different locations within the chloroplast. If plastid morphogenesis in calli was suppressed by norflurazone, all three chloroplast bands lacked. The mitochondrial band and, especially, the band at pI 4.60 were enhanced while the band at pI 4.35 was unchanged. This result confirms the established localisation and suggests the pI 4.60-band as a cytosolic activity.
Analyse descriptive du degré d'hygiène microbiologique de la machine à soupe dans neuf élevages porcins : 1 - Influence des différents maillons du circuit

L'hygiene des machines a soupe (MAS) apparait une composante importante de l'hygiene generale de l'elevage porcin. Afin de mieux comprendre la nature et les evolutions de la contamination des differents maillons de l'installation : soupiere, canalisations principales, descentes, une etude a ete realisee sur les MAS de cinq elevages a problemes associes au syndrome «enterotoxemies» en engraissement et quatre elevages sans probleme. Le degre d'hygiene microbiologique pre- et post-nettoyage-desinfection de la MAS a ete evalue sur l'eau mise en contact avec chacun des maillons. La contamination de cette eau dite «eau d'empreinte» (EE) est un indicateur du niveau de contamination de la soupe distribuee aux animaux lors de son passage dans l'installation. Le denombrement de la flore totale (Ftot), de la flore lactique (Flac), des coliformes totaux (ColiT) et des anaerobies sulfito-reducteurs (ASR) a ete realise sur les echantillons d'eau, ainsi que des mesures d'ATP et de pH. Il existe un gradient microbiologique du maillon «soupiere» au maillon «descentes». Les descentes correspondent au maillon le plus «contaminant» pour lequel les flores des EE sont les plus elevees. Les flores bacteriennes des EE sont caracterisees par une flore lactique dominante. Le nettoyage-desinfection se traduit par une reduction importante des flores mais la recontamination est rapide. Le nettoyage-desinfection de la MAS sera a adapter a chaque elevage. Le gradient de contamination conduit a relativiser une hygiene rigoureuse de la soupiere si, en meme temps, les autres maillons en particulier les descentes ne sont pas nettoyes. Par ailleurs, le risque sanitaire direct lie aux flores dominantes des EE du circuit comme des soupes distribuees apparait modere. En l'absence de problemes sanitaires, le nettoyage des MAS reste d'actualite mais la desinfection n'apparait pas necessairement justifiee. Il apparait indispensable que ce nettoyage integre le maillon descentes.
Variation in size of eggs of captive and wild Canada geese

Etude des causes majeures de la variation phenotypique observee dans la taille des œufs et la condition physique de la femelle. Cependant, le manque de variabilite de l'environnement entre les mesures empeche l'estimation de l'importance des differences genetiques