Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomical perspective on the loss of smell and taste sensation in SARS-CoV-2 infection

The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic that originated from the Wuhan region of China continues to cause major disruptions globally. Loss of smell and taste sensation is reported to be an early indicators of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We provide here an anatomical perspective highlighting the anatomical regions, epithelial cell types and receptors categories involved in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into host organism to rationalize the early loss of smell and taste sensation observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus. We believe the anatomical perspective on anatomical regions, epithelial cell types and receptors categories presented here will be helpful in developing functional anatomy based effective strategies for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus positive patients.
Inactivation of Cu/Zn-SOD precedes the degradation of photosystem I reaction center, PsaA/B, in cucumber leaves chilled in the light

The selective photoinactivation of PSI under the light chilling stress was investigated with respect to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system in cucumber, a chilling-sensitive plant. The combination of low light illumination and low temperature inactivated preferentially PSI of cucumber leaves, resulting in the photoinhibition of photosynthesis. The extent of PSI photoinhibition, determined in vivo by monitoring absorption change around 820 nm was closely correlated with the redox state of the PSII electron acceptor, QA, measured as a fluorescence parameter, 1-qP. The light chilling-induced decrease in leaf absorptance is likely attributable to the decline in functional PSI as the fragmentation of the reaction center of PSI, PsaA/B, was not observed. Amongst ROS scavenging enzymes investigated such as SOD, APX, and NADH DH, Cu/Zn-SOD activities were selectively inactivated by the light-chilling treatment, with a close linear relation to the extent of PSI photoinhibition. Further, about 5-fold increases in the leaf content of H2O2, a potent inhibitor of Cu/Zn-SOD, was observed in the leaves illuminated at low temperature. From these results, we suggest that Cu/Zn-SOD is primarily inactivated by a light-chilling stress via reactive oxygen species.
A TRANSMISSÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS PRODUZIDOS POR PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINARES

The research addresses the transmission of knowledge carried out by postgraduate programs in the Interdisciplinary Area and aims to identify the means of transmission used by them. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 59 faculty members of postgraduate programs in the Interdisciplinary Area and the responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. It was identified that the scientific knowledge was indicated by the respondents with the greatest importance and the highest degree of transmission. Furthermore, eight means of transmission were indicated by more than half of the respondents as having a “High” or “Very High” degree of use for at least one audience. They are: “Scientific Journals”; “Research project”; “Dissertations and Theses”; “Study/Discussion Groups”; “Institutional Sites”; “Extension Events”; “Formal Conversations”; and “Didactic Materials”. Despite this, only the first two means are included in four of the audiences considered (“Academic Teaching Community”, “Academic Student Community”, “Scientific Community”, “Members Internal to PPG”), and in the remaining two audiences (“Labor Market” and “Society in General”) no outstanding means of transmission have been identified. Finally, it is considered, based on the researched sample, that there is a weakness in the transmission of knowledge to the publics “Labor Market” and “Society in General”, and it is suggested that future studies seek to deepen the understanding of how knowledge transmission occurs to them.
Research on 4V Marketing Strategy of Physical Bookstore Based on Consumer Behavior

The physical bookstore is an important terminal for the realization of economic value and cultural value. However, with the development of online bookstores and e-books, the share of physical bookstores in the book market was squeezed. The relationship between consumer behavior and physical bookstore management has not been verified. Therefore, based on consumer behavior theory, the purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between consumers and physical bookstores, and to improve from the 4V strategy. The study was to collect data related to consumers and physical bookstores and to study their interrelationships using VAR models and related tests. My research results show that the income of the physical bookstore is affected by the digital reading rate, the number of social public libraries and national publications. Therefore, the physical bookstore needs to accurately grasp the consumer demand and create the advantages that digital reading does not have, so it needs the 4V strategy and the accuracy of the physical bookstore. Combine. The study links consumer-related behaviors to physical bookstore revenues through VARs. Research results may be beneficial to relevant managers, especially in understanding where consumers' behaviors have the greatest impact on physical bookstore revenues and development, enabling companies to have macro The direction provides some help for the development of the physical bookstore strategy. Keywords—consumer behavior; physical bookstore; 4V strategy
Opinions and attitudes of Serbian high school students regarding usage of antibiotics

Proper usage of antibiotics is a rather important subject that is often overlooked in secondary education, which can provoke misconceptions among youth towards this important topic. The aim of the study was to examine the knowledge and habits regarding the usage of antibiotics in high school population. The research hypothesized that the students would have an acceptable level of basic knowledge on antibiotics and their usage, as students from all study programs are taught equally about antibiotics. The research also examined whether parents’ affiliation in healthcare influences their knowledge. The study has discovered that most of the students have an acceptable knowledge on the matter, with 59% being acquainted with the antibiotics’ mechanism of functioning. The largest part (78%) was able to distinguish Paracetamol from antibiotics. However, as much as 41% identified that they have taken antibiotics from different time than prescribed and 31% admitted to having used antibiotics to treat viruses. A majority have identified their doctor as their source for advice about treatment (67%). The research shows that students’ knowledge is generally constant among the groups, regardless of the study course or parents’ affiliation in healthcare. The only exception is that more students with parents’ working in healthcare have taken antibiotics for the time prescribed (p<0.05). Overall, students have demonstrated good theoretical knowledge with habits that should be improved. Students need to be better acquainted with guidelines of proper usage through informative campaigns and school projects.
Communications Between Borrowers and Servicers: Evidence from the COVID-19 Mortgage Forbearance Program

I utilize proprietary servicer call transcripts between a single servicer and the corresponding borrowers, whose loans they service, to shed light on borrower responses to the mortgage forbearance program contained in the CARES Act. My analysis reveals that borrowers (especially with non-performing loans) did not actively seek out mortgage forbearance (conditional on communication) in response to this policy, which was intended to prevent a pandemic-induced foreclosure. This is an outcome of the servicer's differential treatment between government and private loans, as the CARES Act was designed for government loans only and left scope for servicer discretion for private loans. These results bring into question the effectiveness of ad hoc laws and the implementation thereof during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Long-Term Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Tree Functional Diversity, Trait Composition and Aboveground Biomass.

Background: Community composition on fragmented forest remnants has been shown to diverge from their natural successional path, revealing an alternative state which has been known as retrogressive succession. Here we show the long-term monitoring of a small forest fragment concerning community structure, species richness, functional diversity and composition throughout 17 years to offer a means to generalize community performance under the impacts of forest fragmentation. Results: The adult tree community showed shifts on its functional composition: reduction in species’ maximum height and percentage of simple leaves, indicating an investment in resource-acquisitive and disturbance adapted traits. However, we also found a gradual increase in wood density throughout the years for the adult community. For the overall community, functional composition analysis indicated a gradual reduction in the percentage of simple leaves and a significant increase in aboveground biomass. The decrease in Hmax and simple leaves, especially for the adult tree community, are mostly related do microenvironmental conditions caused by edge effects, as desiccation and tree canopy damage.Conclusion: Our results show that natural regeneration is being negatively affected, except for aboveground biomass. Although these findings could have resulted from a transient dynamic, they constitute a warning to future conservation policies around the ecological integrity of small forest fragments.
A Resource-Based View on Sustaining Competitive Advantage: A Case Discussion

: This paper discusses Apple Computer, Inc.’s (Apple) distinctive competencies in line with its competitive environment to identify its competitive advantage and its sustainability. We find that Apple’s distinctive competencies lie with its innovative capabilities, proprietary ecosystems, and marketing. Given the highly competitive nature of Apple’s competitive environment, we find it hard to sustain a competitive advantage with constant updates of internal resources. In light of these findings, we recommend Apple adopts a learning (knowledge-based) organization approach and positions itself for speedy innovation in order to consistently “shift the rules of the game”. In conclusion, the sustainability of its competitive advantage and superior performance would eventually rely on Apple’s continuous endeavors to shape, mould or influence the future market and technological evolutions. This means it should focus its strategy and management on continuous improvements and innovations, i.e., change.
Lignocellulose Saccharification via Cellulose Solvent Based Fractionation Followed by Enzymatic Hydrolysis: the Last Obstacle to Integrated Biorefineries

The production of biofuels and biobased products from low-cost abundant renewable non-food lignocellulosic biomass will be vital to sustainable development because it will bring benefits to the environment, the economy, and the national security. The largest technical and economic challenge for emerging biorefineries is cost-effective release of fermentable sugars from recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass. Celluloseand organic-solvent-based lignocelluloses fractionation (COSLIF) technology was employed to overcome biomass recalcitrance. Surface response methodology (SRM) showed that optimal COSLIF pretreatment conditions were 85% (w/v) H3PO4 and ~50 o C, regardless of moisture contents in biomass from 5-15% (w/w) for common reed. Under these conditions, the pretreated biomass was hydrolyzed fast with high glucan digestibilities at low enzyme loadings (i.e., one FPU of cellulase per gram of glucan). Crystallinity index (CrI) measurements by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and cellulose accessibility to cellulase (CAC) determinations of COSLIF-pretreated biomass confirmed that highly ordered hydrogen-bonding networks in cellulose fibers of biomass were disrupted through cellulose dissolution in a cellulose solvent. This disruption of hydrogen bonding networks among cellulose chains resulted in a drastic increase in CAC values. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses on COSLIFiii pretreated biomass revealed conformational changes in specific hydrogen bonding among cellulose chains due to COSLIF. While CrI is believed to be a key substrate characteristic that impacts enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis, studies in this thesis showed CrI values varied greatly depending on measurement techniques, calculation approaches, and sample preparation conditions. A correlation between CAC values and glucan digestibility of pretreated biomass showed that substrate accessibility is a key substrate characteristic impacting enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. In summary, COSLIF can effectively overcome biomass recalcitrance. The resulting pretreated biomass has high CAC values, resulting in fast hydrolysis rates and high enzymatic glucan digestibilities of COSLIF-pretreated biomass at low enzyme usage.
Auditing Non-GAAP Measures: Signaling More Than Intended

Many companies regularly disclose non-GAAP performance measures to communicate firm-specific information that does not fit within the mold of GAAP reporting. However, these non-GAAP measures may have low information content or even be misleading to investors. Thus, some question whether auditors should play a role in the reporting of non-GAAP measures, which currently are not audited. We run an experiment to provide ex ante evidence on the effect of auditing non-GAAP measures. Specifically, we present investor participants with a non-GAAP measure that is either more useful (should be used when making investment judgments) or less useful (should not be used when making investment judgments) and is either audited or is not audited. We find that, when participants view a non-GAAP measure that is more useful, they appropriately use the non-GAAP measure in their investment-related judgments, regardless of whether the measure is audited. However, we find that, while participants appropriately do not use a less useful non-GAAP measure when it is not audited, participants inappropriately do use the less useful non-GAAP measure in their investment-related judgments when it is audited. Mediation results provide evidence consistent with audits increasing investors’ reliance on non-GAAP measures when they are less useful. Overall, our results are consistent with audits of non-GAAP measures signaling more than is intended and have implications for regulators regarding the role of auditors in non-GAAP reporting.
Classical dry ashing of biological and agricultural materials. Part I. Following the course of removal of organic matrix

Nous avons etudie la decomposition thermique par calcination d'echantillons biologiques et agricoles (voie seche classique, systeme ouvert, pression atmospherique). Les methodes utilisees sont l'analyse chimique des produits intermediaires solides et gazeux ainsi que l'analyse thermogravimetrique (DTG, DTA). La decomposition met en jeu un processus complexe qui consiste en la deshydratation et en la degradation exothermique des composes organiques. Celle-ci a lieu en au moins deux etapes. L'eau constitue le principal produit gazeux issu de la premiere etape tandis que dioxyde de carbone et azote sont liberes lors des etapes suivantes. Le processus de decomposition peut etre considerablement affecte par les conditions experimentales. Une temperature d'environ 500°C est necessaire a la decomposition complete des tissus vegetaux, tandis que celle des tissus animaux, plus resistants, necessite des temperatures bien plus elevees.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITY FOR INSTITUTIONAL WASTES TO MITIGATE CARBON EMISSIONS IN SOUTH- WEST NIGERIA

Managing of institutional wastes is similar to any other municipal solid wastes (MSW) which in many cases had created a lot of environmental challenges. Methods like sanitary landfill, incineration and open burning were usually adopted. This methods in turn causes additional harm such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the environment. Source sorting have been found to minimize GHG emission especially when the components segregated are recycled. Non commitment of major stakeholders to source sorting calls for the development of a Semi Automated Material Recovery Facility to aid an effective management of the wastes. The wastes generated, collected and disposed of in one academic session was monitored at Federal Polytechnic, Ede, South-West Nigeria to determine the, quantity, component and its management. Through these assessments, the quantity and composition of wastes generated and deposited at the dump site of the institution as well as Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions resulting from the management of the generated wastes in the polytechnic were determined. A Semi Automated Material Recovery Facility (SAMRF) was designed, fabricated and implemented for proper waste management to mitigate against CO2 emissions resulting from the institution’s MSW management methods. The performance of the SAMRF was analysed in mitigating CO2 emissions. An uncontrolled dumping and burning of the wastes at the institution’s dump site resulted in the release of about 25,746.70 kg/ton of CO2 emissions into the environment of the institution every day. Through the application of the fabricated SAMRF, it was established that a total of 24, 050.44kg/ton of CO2 emissions was mitigated. The Facility provided solution to the identified gap in separate collection of recyclables at source which has been a challenge to resource recovery in municipal solid waste management at tertiary institution’s level in Nigeria.
Transcriptional Expression of Minichromosome Maintenance 10 as an Independent Negative Predictor of Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: The minichromosome maintenance protein 10 (MCM10) is a replication licensing factor that initiates eukaryotic genome replication by interacting with CDC45-MCM2-7 complex, thereby mediating cellular proliferation. Recent studies have found that MCM10 is involved in tumorigenesis and cancer development. However, research on the role of MCM10 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is scarce.Methods: In this study, the transcriptional expression, prognostic efficacy and function of MCM10 in HCC were explored through the public dadabases and bioinformatic tools, including ONCOMINE, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, TIMER and GEPIA. Statistical significance was inferred at a P-value < 0.05. Results: It was found that MCM10 expression was commonly overexpressed in cancer specimens compared to match normal tissues. Up-regulation of MCM10 gene in HCC had a close relationship with patients’ survival time. A higher level of MCM10 expression was correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in HCC patients, especially at early stages (grade 2 or stage 1+2). MCM10 was also demonstrated to be an independent negative predictor of OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with HCC by multivariate Cox regression. Additionally, according to the levels of marker genes for different immune cells in HCC, MCM10 expression was markedly positively correlated with the numbers of tumor-infiltrating B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, indicating its potential immunogenic role in HCC. Conclusions: MCM10 could be exploited as a potential independent prognostic indicator as well as therapeutic target for HCC patients.
Computational investigations of protein dynamics and its implication in cellular functions: Two cases on membrane sculpting by protein complexes and molecular origin of Parkinson's disease

Proteins are complex machineries dedicated to drive many functions in eukaryotic cells. In this article, two cases of protein dynamics and their implications to cellular functions are discussed with computational approaches: membrane sculpting by F-BAR domains and transient β-hairpin structure in α-synuclein. Interplay between cellular membranes and their peripheral proteins drives many processes in eukaryotic cells. Proteins of the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain family, in particular, play a role in cellular morphogenesis, for example curving planar membranes into tubular membranes. However, it is still unclear how F-BAR domain proteins act on membranes. Electron microscopy revealed that, in vitro, F-BAR proteins form regular lattices on cylindrically deformed membrane surfaces. Using all-atom and coarsegrained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations, we show that such lattices, indeed, induce tubes of observed radii. A 250 ns all-atom simulation reveals that F-BAR domain curves membranes via the so-called “scaffolding” mechanism. Plasticity of the F-BAR domain permits conformational change in response to membrane interaction, via partial unwinding of the domain’s 3-helix bundle structure. A CG simulation covering more than 350μs provides a dynamic picture of membrane tubulation by lattices of F-BAR domains. A series of CG simulations identified the optimal lattice type for membrane sculpting, which matches closely the lattices seen through cryo-electron microscopy. The molecular dynamics study offers, thereby, both a large-scale picture of membrane sculpting by F-BAR domain lattices as well as atomic-level dynamic information about the involvement of the individual F-BAR domain and its interactions with partner F-BAR domains and membrane in the sculpting process.
Transitivity processes in the field of higher medical education in the risk environment

The article deals with transitivity processes in the field of higher medical education. Several trends related to transitivity processes are highlighted: the high demand for medical education with a shortage of qualified specialists; the continuing medical education and the introduction of an accreditation exam; the introduction of distance technologies, simulation and e-learning; specialist mobility. Thus, the educational process in the context of transitivity processes in the field of medical education should be focused on the formation of self-improvement skills, self-education. The article describes the functions of the students’ independent work in a medical university and the conditions that increase the effectiveness of the educational process. The article defines the role of the organization of student’s independent work in the development of self-education and self-improvement skills. The student’s independent work is considered as one of the forms that allow students to develop self-education and self-improvement skills, taking into account their abilities. The independent work as a form of self-improvement is aimed at developing the skills of independent search and choice of problem solutions; developing the skills of information analysis when working with a large volume of educational material; provides the development of critical thinking skills; stimulating the skills of evaluative and reflexive activity in the context of dynamic changes in the professional sphere.
Mainframes: A Provisional Analysis of Rhetorical Frames in AI

Are great powers engaged in an artificial intelligence arms race? This issue brief explores the rhetorical framing of AI by analyzing more than 4,000 English-language articles over a seven-year period. Among its findings: a growing number of articles frame AI development as a competition, but articles using the competition frame represent a declining proportion of articles about AI.