Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The practical effect of the enlargement law on the electrothermal life model for power-cable lines

Insulation coordination is essential for designing and testing HV cable systems properly. In transient conditions, i.e., in the presence of transient voltage surges, insulation coordination is based on the individuation of a certain maximum acceptable risk of failure under the switching and lightning overvoltages that the insulation may encounter in service, and translates into a maximum number of expected failures per year per length of line that the cable line has to match. Given the design of the cable in steady-state conditions, the number of expected failures per year and per length of cable line can be reduced by a proper design of the shield wires of overhead lines, of the grounding systems of line towers and so on, and by selecting and installing properly voltage-surge arresters when needed.
Reverse Vaccinology

: What vaccine is? A vaccine is acquainted into the body with vitalize the body's immune response. It is given to keep an irresistible sickness from creating and the individual getting sick. Then about vaccinology. Vaccinology is characterized as the study of immunizations, and truly incorporates fundamental science, immunogens, the host insusceptible reaction, conveyance systems and innovations, producing, and clinical assessment. Infection anticipation is the most productive methodology for wellbeing and can without much of a stretch be accomplished by organization of the natural arrangement called antibodies. After briefing about vaccines and vaccinology we studied about what reverse vaccinology is. The use of genomic information with the aid of computers for the process of making of vaccines without culturing microorganism is known as reverse vaccinology. Reverse vaccinology helps in the assessment of the genome of a life form to recognize novel antigens and epitopes that may comprise vaccine up-and-comers. Reverse vaccinology helps in the evaluation of the genome of a living being to recognize novel antigens and epitopes that may include immunizer competitors. Antigen is a poison or other unfamiliar substance which actuates an insusceptible reaction in the body, Epitope is a bit of an unfamiliar protein, or antigen, that is equipped for animating a safe response. With the opening up of the whole genomic succession, it is feasible to understand what particles make the genomic sequence. After these we got to know about applications of RV, use of RV in various diseases like Malaria, Anthrax, Meningitides, Listeriosis, etc. Then about some tools used in Reverse vaccinology. Then we studied about the differences between RV and Conventional Vaccinology and Traditional Vaccinology. After this we studied about Role of Epitope Prediction in Reverse Vaccinology. Reverse vaccinology manages computational investigation of genome that can be utilized for the forecast of the epitopes that are surface proteins. So, the epitopes assume a significant part being developed of a competitor immunization. At last, we get to know about the use of Reverse Vaccinology in present time in thus pandemic in COVID-19. the advancement of vaccine configuration has been upset by the reverse vaccinology (RV), which plans to initially distinguish promising vaccine up-and-comer through bioinformatics examination of the microbe genome.
Effect of Trypsin and Ribonuclease on the Immunogenic Activity of Ribosomes and Ribonucleic Acid Isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Youmans, Anne S. (Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.), and Guy P. Youmans. Effect of trypsin and ribonuclease on the immunogenic activity of ribosomes and ribonucleic acid isolated from Myobacterium tuberculosis. J. Bacteriol. 91:2146–2154. 1966. —The ribosomal fraction of the attenuated strain, H37Ra, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was treated with trypsin alone, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) alone, EDTA and pancreatic ribonuclease, or with trypsin and ribonuclease. After each of these treatments, the ribosomal fractions were injected intraperitoneally into male CF-1 mice to test their capacity to produce an immune response to infection with virulent tubercle bacilli, strain H37Rv. Removal of protein with trypsin left the immunogenicity unchanged; EDTA alone reduced immunogenicity in the smaller vaccinating doses; EDTA plus ribonuclease reduced the immunogenicity by approximately 50% in the highest (1.0 mg) vaccinating dose; ribonuclease alone, after treatment with trypsin, reduced immunogenicity also approximately 50%. A crude mycobacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) was prepared by extraction of the ribosomal fraction with alcohol. This RNA preparation was as effective in producing an immune response as the ribosomal fraction from which it was prepared, unless the RNA was partially or completely degraded during the preparation. The effect of ribonuclease on the immunogenicity of the RNA was similar to that obtained with the ribosomal fractions, except that ribonuclease completely destroyed the immunogenicity of a partially degraded RNA. RNA appears to be an essential part of an immunizing substance in attenuated tubercle bacilli, which produces a high degree of immunity in mice; 50 μg (dry weight) will protect approximately 80% of the mice, and as little as 0.5 μg will protect approximately 30% of the mice. Mycobacterial RNA not incorporated in Freund's incomplete adjuvant was nonimmunogenic. Yeast RNA incorporated in Freund's incomplete adjuvant was not immunogenic.
Structural organization of upstream exons and distribution of transcription start sites in the chicken c-myb gene

We mapped and sequenced three upstream exons of the chicken c-myb gene and the regions flanking the first coding exon. We found multiple potential binding sites for transcription factors in the 5'-noncoding region, a T-rich stretch of 78 base pairs (bp) (68% T) in the first intron, and four fairly long open reading frames in the antisense direction of the first coding exon and its flanking regions. Three major transcription start sites, contained within a single 11-bp region, were identified by S1 nuclease analysis and primer extension. A sequence comparison of the avian and murine c-myb genes revealed a highly conserved sequence of 124 bp in the 5'-noncoding region. Its location between the putative transcription factor binding sites and the major transcription start sites suggests that it may play an important regulatory role in c-myb expression.
Thioredoxin-linked "Thiol Peroxidase" from Periplasmic Space of Escherichia coli(*)

Three different molecular masses (24, 22, and 20 kDa) of antioxidant proteins were purified in Escherichia coli. These proteins exhibited the preventive effects against the inactivation of glutamine synthetase activity and the cleavage of DNA by a metal-catalyzed oxidation system capable of generating reactive oxygen species. Their antioxidant activities were supported by a thiol-reducing equivalent such as dithiothreitol. Analysis of the amino-terminal amino acid sequences and the immunoblots between 24- and 22-kDa proteins indicates that the 24-kDa protein is an intact form of the 22-kDa protein that was previously identified 22-kDa subunit (AhpC) of E. coli alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC/AhpF). We isolated and sequenced an E. coli genomic DNA fragment that encodes 20-kDa protein. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the 20-kDa protein with that of AhpC revealed no sequence homology. A search of a data bank showed that the 20-kDa protein is a new type of antioxidant enzyme. The synthesis of this novel 20-kDa protein was increased in response to oxygen stress during growth. The 20-kDa protein resides mainly in the periplasmic space of E. coli, whereas the 24-kDa AhpC resides mainly in the matrix. The 20-kDa protein was functionally linked to the thioredoxin as an in vivo thiol-regenerating system and exerted a peroxidase activity. This 20-kDa protein is thus named “thiol peroxidase,” which could act as an antioxidant enzyme removing peroxides or H2O2 within the catalase- and peroxidase-deficient periplasmic space of E. coli.
Furthering media independence mechanisms for Future Internet enablement

The utilization of Media Independent Handover (MIH) mechanisms, such as the ones provided by the IEEE802.21 standard, allow the abstraction of control and information querying primitives of different wireless access technologies, using a common interface. This not only simplifies the design of high-level entities interfacing with said technologies, but by providing a transport protocol for that interface, such primitives can be used to extend controlling mechanisms towards remote entities. However, the standard only employs such flexible and abstraction capabilities towards handover optimization and facilitation scenarios. In this paper, we take advantage of the flexible design of the MIH mechanisms, and propose evolutions over their base design, allowing their integration into the areas of Internet Multimedia Optimization and the Internet of Things.
High Symbol Rate Coherent Optical Transmission Systems: 80 and 107 Gbaud

We demonstrate high speed optical transmission systems using digital coherent detection at all-electronically multiplexed symbol rates of 80 and 107 Gbaud. At 107 Gbaud, we demonstrate a single-carrier polarization division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keyed (PDM-QPSK) line rate of 428 Gb/s. At 80 Gbaud, we achieve a single-carrier line rate of 640 Gb/s using PDM 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). Using two optical subcarriers, we demonstrate a 1-Tb/s optical interface and conduct long-haul wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) transmission on a 200-GHz grid over 3200 km of ultra-large effective area fiber.
Subjective and objective effects of fast and slow compression on the perception of reverberant speech in listeners with hearing loss.

PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of fast and slow attack/release times (ATs/RTs) on aided perception of reverberant speech in quiet. METHOD Thirty listeners with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss were tested monaurally with a commercial hearing aid programmed in 3 AT/RT settings: linear, fast (AT = 9 ms, RT = 90 ms), and slow (AT = 900 ms, RT = 1,500 ms). Stimuli consisted of 200 low-predictability Speech-Perception-in-Noise sentences, presented at 60 dB SPL at 4 reverberation levels (RT(60) = 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 3.6 s). Listeners were randomly presented with 12 listening conditions (3 AT/RT settings x 4 reverberation levels). Intelligibility scores and clarity ratings of the sentences were obtained. RESULTS Aided speech intelligibility and clarity significantly decreased as reverberation increased. Both fast and slow ATs/RTs resulted in significantly higher speech intelligibility than linear, but no significant difference was observed between fast and slow ATs/RTs. Clarity rating was similar across 3 settings; however, rating decreased the fastest with fast AT/RT as reverberation increased. Slow AT/RT resulted in significantly higher real-ear aided response than fast AT/RT and linear, despite the same programmed gain for all settings. CONCLUSION Reverberation had a more significant effect on aided speech perception than AT/RT, but fast and slow AT/RT resulted in improved speech intelligibility over linear amplification.
Understanding Failure Severity in New Product Development Processes of Consumer Electronics Products

Reliability feedback information from the field is essential for product improvement. Traditionally, consumer electronics service centers have provided the product designers with reliability information about product generations on the market at that time. However, within the field of high volume consumer electronics, movement of the business processes to emerging markets, increasing time-to-market pressure, increasing product complexity and increasing customer requirements have led to an increasing number of nontechnical failures. Moreover, these business trends have resulted in higher requirements on the information that is needed in the development process. Particularly, information about the root causes of non-technical failures is required to determine the impact of these failures on the overall product reliability. This study investigates the suitability of current service processes for the collection of information about nontechnical failures and their root causes in order to prioritize them within the development process of consumer electronics. Three case studies, performed at service centers for consumer electronics products, indicate that the recent trends in the field of consumer electronics have resulted in an information gap between developers and users of these products. In order to close this gap, the authors suggest the development of a new failure prioritization model for consumer electronics products
Glucose Sensor Membranes for Mitigating the Foreign Body Response

Continuous glucose monitoring devices remain limited in their duration of use due to difficulties presented by the foreign body response (FBR), which impairs sensor functionality immediately following implantation via biofouling and leukocyte infiltration. The FBR persists through the life of the implant, culminating with fibrous encapsulation and isolation from normal tissue. These issues have led researchers to develop strategies to mitigate the FBR and improve tissue integration. Studies have often focused on abating the FBR using various outer coatings, thereby changing the chemical or physical characteristics of the sensor surface. While such strategies have led to some success, they have failed to fully integrate the sensor into surrounding tissue. To further address biocompatibility, researchers have designed coatings capable of actively releasing biological agents (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, dexamethasone, and nitric oxide) to direct the FBR to induce tissue integration. Active release approaches have proven promising and, when combined with biocompatible coating materials, may ultimately improve the in vivo lifetime of subcutaneous glucose biosensors. This article focuses on strategies currently under development for mitigating the FBR.
Psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis share a 100 kb susceptibility region telomeric to HLA-C.

OBJECTIVE To map the locus for susceptibility to psoriasis in patients with psoriatic arthritis. METHODS Seventy-four patients with psoriatic arthritis and 95 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were included in this study. Polymorphic genes and microsatellite markers centromeric (C1_2_5) and telomeric (C1_4_4, OTF3, HCR and the corneodesmosin gene) to HLA-C were studied in an association analysis. Typing was also performed on a control population of 104 matched donors. RESULTS The allele Cw*0602 was associated both with psoriasis [49 vs 21%, Pc<0.0003; odds ratio (OR)=3.6, aetiological factor (AF)=0.72] and with psoriatic arthritis (62 vs 21%, Pc<0.000001; OR=6.1, AF=0.83). In psoriatic patients a susceptibility region telomeric to HLA-C that includes C1_4_4 (56 vs 22%, Pc<0.0002; OR=4.39, AF=0.77), OTF3 (85 vs 60%, Pc<0.0002; OR=3.7, AF=0.73) and HCR (63 vs 26%, Pc<0.00001; OR=3.8, AF=0.74) was observed. In psoriatic arthritis patients the susceptibility region was delimited by HLA-C and C1_4_4 (384 allele, 56 vs 22%, Pc<0.0002; OR=4.37, AF=0.77). CONCLUSIONS Comparing the susceptibility regions associated with the two diseases, an overlapping interval of 100 kb between HLA-C and OTF3, which might contain the psoriasis gene, can be defined.
A high-gain antenna with U-slot using zero-index metamaterial superstrate

A zero-index metamaterial unit cell working over a wide frequency band is presented. A three layer superstrate with metamaterial unit cells arranged in a 5 by 5 array is designed and placed over a mircostrip patch antenna with U-slot for antenna gain enhancement. The simulation results show that the gain of the metamaterial antenna is improved by nearly 4 dB throughout the operating band.
Nonhuman primate models of NeuroAIDS

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), also manifests neurological complications. HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is the most severe form of HIV-induced neurocognitive disorders. HIV encephalitis (HIVE), the pathological correlate of HAD, is characterized by the formation of multinucleated giant cells and microglial nodules, astrocytosis, and neuronal damage and loss. Pathological evaluation of HAD disease progression in humans is not possible, with the only data collected being from individuals who have succumbed to the disorder, a snap shot of end-stage disease at best. Therefore, pertinent animal models have been developed to alleviate this gap of knowledge in the field of neurovirology and neuroinflammation. In general, the most widely used animal models are the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and the chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) macaque model systems. Although both SIV and SHIV model systems are able to potentiate neuroinvasion and the concomitant neuropathology similar to that seen in the human syndromes, the innate differences between the two in disease pathogenesis and progression make for two separate, yet effective, systems for the study of HIV-associated neuropathology.
Can Specialists and Generalists Teach Clinical Skills to Second‐year Medical Students with Equal Effectiveness?

Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of specialists and generalists as small-group leaders teaching basic physical examination skills to preclinical medical students. Method. Specialists and generalists were randomly assigned to teach physical examination skills to 69 groups of second-year students (n = 288). At the conclusion of the course, the specialist- and generalist-led groups were compared using three measures: students' scores on an objective structured clinical exam (OSCE), students' evaluations of their small-group leaders, and leaders' self-evaluations of confidence in teaching. Results. OSCE scores did not differ between students taught by specialists and generalists (93.5% and 93.8% respectively, p = NS). Students' evaluations of their leaders were similar for nine characteristics rated on a seven-point scale (7 = strongly agree/outstanding; range of results for specialists: 6.20–6.62, for generalists 6.34–6.75, p = NS). Leaders expressed similar levels of confidence (on a seven-point scale; 7 = very confident) in their abilities to teach the neurologic exam (specialists 5.52, generalists 6.19, mean effect size difference 0.44, p = NS) and complete history and physical exam (6.03 and 6.53, mean effect size difference 0.43, p = NS). Specialists were significantly less confident in teaching the cardiovascular exam (5.80 and 6.50, mean effect size difference 0.51, p < .05) and pulmonary exam (5.56 and 6.60, mean effect size difference, 0.80, p < .01). Conclusions. Specialists and generalists can teach preclinical medical students with equal effectiveness as rated by the students and the students' scores on the OSCE examination, but specialists do not rate themselves as confident as do generalists to teach some skills.
Complexity in the Secretory Pathway: The Assembly and Secretion of Apolipoprotein B-containing Lipoproteins*

Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is expressed primarily in mam- malian liver. It has 4536 amino acids, 25 cysteines (16 of which are in intramolecular disulfide bonds), and 20 N -linked glycosylation sites. A smaller form, apoB48, is expressed in mammalian intestine and in the livers of some non-human mammals. ApoB48 results from a post-transcriptional modification of the apoB mRNA at codon 2153 that converts a glutamine codon to a stop codon at (cid:1) 48% of the full-length coding sequence. Both forms of apoB have a complex structure that includes a globular amphipathic NH 2 domain spanning the first 15–20% (using B100 as a standard length) of the polypeptide followed by an extended hydrophobic (cid:1) -sheet domain from about 20 to 48%. In apoB100, the rest of the polypeptide is comprised of an (cid:2) -helical amphipathic region, an- other long (cid:1) -sheet domain, and another (cid:2) -helical domain. In density 1 and density (LDL), whereas lipoproteins
Evaluation of the Seniors Offering Support Program of Hoover City Schools.

Efforts of one school system in Alabama to respond to students' self-reports of participation in at-risk behaviors are examined. The Seniors Offering Support (SOS) program was designed to deal with these problems. The program aimed towards fostering student resiliency in an attempt to create healthy decision making. The program attempted to positively affect: (1) transition and mobility issues; (2) academic failure; (3) family management problems; (4) anti-social behavior; and (5) low neighborhood attachment and community disorganization. Seniors were matched with families to provide support; serve as role models; offer advice; and be an active listener. The other component of the program, Seniors as Tutors, offered students grades K through 11 with assistance completing class assignments during school hours at least once per week. Data collected on program participants showed favorable results. It concludes that intergenerational programs in the future should include careful documentation of efforts to recruit and retain students, families, and volunteers; evaluate training materials; administer assessment tools consistently; and report impacts. (Contains 15 references.) (JDM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Cooperative Spectrum Sharing with Distributed Secondary User Selection

In this paper, we propose a two-phase protocol based on cooperative relaying for a secondary system to achieve spectrum access along with a primary system. The primary system comprises of a transmitter-receiver pair PT-PR, and the secondary system comprises of M transmitter-receiver pairs STi&#8722;SRi, i={1,2,&#8729;&#8729;&#8729;M}. The secondary pair STb&#8722;SRb which is able to provide the best performance for the primary system, is selected to access the spectrum, with STb serving as a cooperative relay for the primary system. In the first transmission phase, PT transmits the primary signal to PR, which is also received by STb and SRb, where it is decoded. At STb, the primary signal is regenerated and linearly combined with the secondary signal by assigning fractions &#945; and (1-&#945;) of the available power to the primary and secondary signals respectively. This combined signal is then broadcasted by STb in the second transmission phase, and PR combines the signal it received in the two phases to decode for the primary signal. Theoretical and simulation results confirm that the outage performance for both primary and secondary systems are improved with a larger M by using the proposed scheme.