Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Splicing Silencing by the CUGBP2 Splicing Factor: Mechanism of Action and Combinatorial Code for Splicing Silencing with Implications for Autoregulation

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing adjusts the transcriptional output of the genome by generating related mRNAs from a single primary transcript, thereby expanding protein diversity. A fundamental unanswered question is how splicing factors achieve specificity in the selection of target substrates despite the recognition of information-poor sequence motifs. The CUGBP2 splicing regulator plays a key role in the brain region-specific silencing of the NI exon of the NMDA R1 receptor. However, the sequence motifs utilized by this factor for specific target exon selection and the mechanism of splicing silencing are not understood. Here, I use chemical modification footprinting to map the contact sites of CUGBP2 to GU-rich motifs closely positioned at the boundaries of the branch sites of the NI exon, and demonstrate a mechanistic role for this specific arrangement of motifs for the regulation of branchpoint formation. General support for a branch site-perimeter-binding model is indicated by the identification of a group of novel target exons with a similar configuration of motifs that are silenced by CUGBP2. These results reveal an autoregulatory role for CUGBP2 as indicated by its direct interaction with functionally significant RNA motifs surrounding the branch sites upstream of exon 6 of the CUGBP2 transcript, itself. The perimeter-binding model explains how CUGBP2 can effectively embrace the branch site region to achieve the specificity needed for the selection of exon targets and the fine-tuning of alternative splicing patterns.
Standardising Amplified Fragment-Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) for Dura oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and preliminary molecular characterization studies.

Resumen: La palma de aceite (Elaeis guinnensis Jacq.) desempena un importante papel en la econo-mia de algunos paises tropicales; Colombia ocupa el primer puesto en produccion en America Latina y el quinto lugar a nivel mundial. En esta especie el mejo-ramiento genetico busca generar materiales con alta produccion de aceite y adaptados a las caracteristicas edafoclimaticas de las diferentes zonas palmeras. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estandarizar la tec-nica de AFLP (Amplified Fragment-Length Polymorphisms) en materiales Dura del Programa de Fitomejora-miento de C ENIPALMA . Al protocolo de AFLP de la casa comercial se le realizaron algunas modificacio-nes, como el aumento de la concentracion del ADN (270 ng· µL -1 ) y la dilucion 1:10 del producto de la preamplificacion. De igual forma, se determino que para tenir los geles de poliacrilamida con nitrato de plata es necesario usar agua destilada deionizada (Milli Q). Tambien se realizo un estudio prelimi-nar de caracterizacion molecular en 12 palmas de los tipos Dura, Tenera y E. oleifera; segun los agrupa-mientos hechos segun metodos feneticos y multiva-riados se encontro que la mayoria de palmas Dura se agrupan segun el lugar de colecta, mientras la palma de origen americano se ubica de forma distante al compararla con las palmas de origen africano.Palabras clave adicionales: Marcadores molecu-lares, diversidad genetica, similaridad genetica, ADN.Summary: Oil palm (Elaeis guinnensis Jacq.) plays an important role in some tropical countries’ econo-mies; Colombia occupies first place in production in Latin-America and fifth throughout the world. The aim of palm breeding research is producing palm having high oil production, adapted to differ-ent climatic condition. Cenipalma is currently using molecular tools which can reduce environmental effect and selection time. This research was aimed at standardising the Amplified Fragment-Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) technique for Dura material from Cenipalma’s breeding programme. Modifica-tions were made to the commercial AFLP kit pro-tocol such as increasing initial DNA concentration to 270 ng· µL
Impact of the use of information technologies and communications in judicial management of Departmental Office of Judicial Administration of Cucuta

The Superior Council of the Judiciary has advanced technological modernization programs, both judicial offices as the administration offices of the judicial branch, but it can still observe the generalization of the judicial delay and consequently the loss of credibility in the system. Objective. To determine the impact of the use of information technologies and communications in judicial management of Departmental Office of Judicial Administration Cucuta. Method. A type of descriptive study applied to 25 judges, 115 employees of the various judicial offices and 5 judges who were key actors for the study was used. Results. The results indicate that the impact of ICT in the judicial management is moderate based on the current limitations of the flow of information with users and with other institutions of the judiciary. Conclusion. No integrated information system with all the municipalities of the region of Norte de Santander and Arauca. Additionally, although it has technological tools to maintain interaction with providers and users of judicial services, the staff of the entity not fully understood by the resistance to change that is to perform tasks differently
Power-of-$d$-Choices with Memory: Fluid Limit and Optimality

In multi-server distributed queueing systems, the access of stochastically arriving jobs to resources is often regulated by a dispatcher, also known as load balancer. A fundamental problem consists in designing a load balancing algorithm that minimizes the delays experienced by jobs. During the last two decades, the power-of-$d$-choice algorithm, based on the idea of dispatching each job to the least loaded server out of $d$ servers randomly sampled at the arrival of the job itself, has emerged as a breakthrough in the foundations of this area due to its versatility and appealing asymptotic properties. In this paper, we consider the power-of-$d$-choice algorithm with the addition of a local memory that keeps track of the latest observations collected over time on the sampled servers. Then, each job is sent to a server with the lowest observation. We show that this algorithm is asymptotically optimal in the sense that the load balancer can always assign each job to an idle server in the large-server limit. This holds true if and only if the system load $\lambda$ is less than $1-\frac{1}{d}$. If this condition is not satisfied, we show that queue lengths are bounded by $j^\star+1$, where $j^\star\in\mathbb{N}$ is given by the solution of a polynomial equation. This is in contrast with the classic version of the power-of-$d$-choice algorithm, where queue lengths are unbounded. Our upper bound on the size of the most loaded server, $j^*+1$, is tight and increases slowly when $\lambda$ approaches its critical value from below. For instance, when $\lambda= 0.995$ and $d=2$ (respectively, $d=3$), we find that no server will contain more than just $5$ ($3$) jobs in equilibrium. Our results quantify and highlight the importance of using memory as a means to enhance performance in randomized load balancing.
PROSES HIDROLISA PATI TALAS SENTE (Alocasia macrorrhiza) MENJADI GLUKOSA : STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI

Starch hydrolysis process is the method used in the conversion of starch to glucose from starch material such as Giant Taro (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) using acid catalyst. In this study starch hydrolysis of Giant Taro using hydrochloric acid catalyst is divided into three stages of continuous process that aims to obtain a good pH and temperature on starch hydrolysis process of Giant Taro and studying the kinetics process of starch hydrolysis of Giant Taro into glucose. The experiments were performed using a fixed variable, namely particle size of starch 20 mesh, the ratio of raw material to water is 1:30 (g starch / ml of water), stirring speed 200 rpm and reaction time 60 minutes.There are two random variables i.e. pH 2, 3, 4, 5 and temperature of reaction 500C, 600C, 700C, 800C, 900C. Results of hydrolysis were analyzed using the DNS method to determine glucose levels. The result showed good pH at pH 4 and temperature at 900C, the reaction rate constant k is 9,139x10-4/min and reaction rate equation of hydrolysis is CA = 0,03740164. e- 0,0009139. t.
Telomeres Control Cell Aging

It has been well established that various mammalian cells demonstrate a limited growth capacity in culture referred to as cellular or replicative senescence. There is also some evidence in support of the idea that this is the basis for organismal aging. Recent studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms of telomere involvement in cell senescence, cell cycle control, genome (in)stability and immortalization. This has provided an explanation of various phenomena related to process of aging and carcinogenesis. In this review I aim to describe some of the most important features of normal cell aging and phenomena that result in malignant transformation.
The neutral theory of molecular evolution

Preface Introduction 1. From Lamarck to population genetics 2. Overdevelopment of the synthetic theory and the proposal of the neutral theory 3. The neutral mutation-random drift hypothesis as an evolutionary paradigm 4. Molecular evolutionary rates contrasted with phenotypic evolutionary rates 5. Some features of molecular evolution 6. Definition, types and action of natural selection 7. Molecular structure, selective constraint and the rate of evolution 8. Population genetics at the molecular level 9. Maintenance of genetic variability at the molecular level 10. Summary and conclusion References Indexes.
Ultrastructure of the Testis and Germ Cell Development During Spermatogenesis in Male Crassostrea gigas (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) in Western Korea

Ultrastructural characteristics of the testis and spermatogenesis of Crassostrea gigas were investigated by Transmission and Scanning Electron microscope observations. The testis is a diffuse organ consisting of branching acini containing differentiating germ cells in a variety of stages. The acinus is surrounded by an intermitent layer of myoepithelial cells andis divided into subcompartments that are partially separated by pleomorphic accessory cells which remain in close contact with germ cells until late stages of development. these accessory cells contain a large quantity of glycogen particles and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Therefore, it is assumed that they are involved in the supplying of the nutrients for germ cell development, while any phenomena associated with phagocytosis of undischarged, residual sperms by lysosomes could be find in the cytoplasm of the accessory cells. The morphology of the spermatozoon has a primitive type and is similar to those of other bivalves. Mature spermatozoa consist of broad, cap-shaped acrosomal vesicle, subacrosomal material (containing axial rod embedded in a granular matrix), a oval nucleus showing deeply invaginated anteriorly, two triplet substructure centrioles surrounded by four spherical mitochondria, and satelite fibres appear to the distal centriole and plasma membrane. Spermatozoa of C. gigas resemble to those of other investigated ostreids. In particular, the anterior region of the acrosomal vesicle is transversely banded. It is assumed that differences in this acrosomal substructure are associated with the inability of fertilization between the genus Crassostrea and other genus species in Ostreidae. Therefore, we can use sperm morphology in the resolution of taxonomic relationships within the Ostreidea. The spermatozoon is approximately 42-47 μm in length including an oval sperm nucleus (about 0.91 μm in length), an acrosome (about 0.42 μm in length) and tail flagellum (40-45 μm). The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9 + 2 structure. These morphological charateristics of acrosomal vesicle belong to the family Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia.
Nutritional programming:prenatal nutritional effects on the regulation of growth and metabolism

Research on the foetal nutritional origins of adult onset disease in rodents have uncovered a plethora of programming effects on adult metabolic and cardiovascular health. This relationship is a consequence of disordered foetal growth and alteration of the programmed development of various homeostatic control points. Until recently, applicability of early nutritional programming to livestock species has received little attention. An overview is given on the evidence of foetal programming effects brought about by global and protein underand overnutrition in rodents and sheep. Maternal and foetal endocrine alterations of glucocorticoids, insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system related to maternal malnutrition during pregnancy are discussed.
Optimal leaf nitrogen content of an evergreen understorey plant in a temperate climate

its function include a possible role in regulating D1 turnover (see Baena-Gonzalez et al 1999) as well as a possible role in signal transduction. The results presented here suggest an additional possibility, i.e., a possible function of sustained high D1/PSII core protein phosphorylation in photoprotection in overwintering leaves. One may speculate that sustained high PSII phosphorylation could be involved in converting PSII cores to dissipating centers where zeaxanthin may aid in thermal dissipation. Such a conversion of PSII cores to photochemically inactive, dissipating centers may serve not only to counteract singlet oxygen formation in these cores but also to prevent charge separation and a transfer of high energy electrons to oxygen, leading to superoxide formation in the chloroplast. Sustained D1 phosphorylation, Fv/Fm depression, and ZþA retention were observed irrespective of the type of stress that caused photoinhibition and is thus a characteristic feature of photoinhibited leaves of evergreens in general. Being more prominent in evergreens with their high stress resistance, photoinhibition may thus be one of the many ‘‘talents’’ of evergreens.
Complete Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: The First Case Reported -

Pembrolizumab and procarbazine have been developed as anticancer agents. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of pembrolizumab plus procarbazine in a case with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST( for the first time. A 48-year-old man referred to the Clinic of Oncology with complaints of constant abdominal pain for a week that the pathology diagnosis showed MPNST. The pathologist reported spindle cell sarcoma (probably dedifferentiated liposarcoma) with a significant PD-L1 expression-tumor proportion score (TPS): 90%. The patient was treated with six courses bi-weekly pembrolizumab combined with procarbazine that after this treatment, abdominopelvic CT scan showed that his lesions completely were resolved. In conclusion, the combination of pembrolizumab with procarbazine can be a new treatment in the patients with MPNST that in the future studies, the clinicians can check PD-L1 in these patients for better therapeutic aims.
The Platelet Cytoskeleton Regulates the Affinity of the Integrin αIIbβ3 for Fibrinogen*

Agonist-generated inside-out signals enable the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 to bind soluble ligands such as fibrinogen. We found that inhibiting actin polymerization in unstimulated platelets with cytochalasin D or latrunculin A mimics the effects of platelet agonists by inducing fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3. By contrast, stabilizing actin filaments with jasplakinolide prevented cytochalasin D-, latrunculin A-, and ADP-induced fibrinogen binding. Cytochalasin D- and latrunculin A-induced fibrinogen was inhibited by ADP scavengers, suggesting that subthreshold concentrations of ADP provided the stimulus for the actin filament turnover required to see cytochalasin D and latrunculin A effects. Gelsolin, which severs actin filaments, is activated by calcium, whereas the actin disassembly factor cofilin is inhibited by serine phosphorylation. Consistent with a role for these factors in regulating αIIbβ3 function, cytochalasin D- and latrunculin A-induced fibrinogen binding was inhibited by the intracellular calcium chelators 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester and EGTA acetoxymethyl ester and the Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A. Our results suggest that the actin cytoskeleton in unstimulated platelets constrains αIIbβ3 in a low affinity state. We propose that agonist-stimulated increases in platelet cytosolic calcium initiate actin filament turnover. Increased actin filament turnover then relieves cytoskeletal constraints on αIIbβ3, allowing it to assume the high affinity conformation required for soluble ligand binding.
Development and regulation of pancreatic juice secretion in cattle. State-of-the-art

The secretion of pancreatic juice was studied in cattle from the first days of life to the start of rumination and in adult cows. Synchronized periodic oscillations of pancreatic secretion in phase with the duodenal migrating motor complex were observed in calves from 2 n d -3 r d day of life. These pancreatic oscillations developed with the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract. In adult cattle, pancreatic secretion was relatively stable and essentially did not respond to feeding. However, manipulation of the diet effectively changed daily exocrine secretion, and it is hypothesized that the insulo-acinar axis may be important in this respect. The importance of the vagal nerves, gastrointestinal regulatory peptides, and duodenal contents in the regulation of pancreatic secretion in young and adult cattle is discussed. Some gastrointestinal regulatory peptides affect the pancreas indirectly from the site of their release, i.e., the proximal duodenum in preruminant calves. Vagal extrinsic innervation appears to play a critical permissive role in the effect of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides on the exocrine pancreas.
Association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of association of ABO phenotypes with gonorrhoea have shown contradictory results. Despite the interdependencies, none have examined the combined effect of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes. Furthermore, none have used genotyping to confirm phenotyping. This study is ground-breaking in this regard, and illustrates how such an association study should be performed. STUDY DESIGNS AND METHODS: The study examined 175 individuals who tested positive for gonorrhoea, and 211 individuals who tested negative for gonorrhoea. Strain typing was not performed. The following blood grouping methods were performed on the study participants: ABO phenotyping Lewis phenotyping, and genotyping of selected samples Secretor genotyping Chi-square and p values were used to examine whether or not there is an association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor blood group related molecules with gonorrhoea infection. RESULTS: Neither random statistical analysis of data sets, nor statistical analysis of data sets arranged by blood group, yielded a statistically significant association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae that could not be refuted when the data was disaggregated for ethnicity. The study did show a statistically significant difference in the incidence of the partial secretor phenotype (26.7%) in the gonorrhoea positive population and the incidence of the partial secretor phenotype (15.4%) in the gonorrhoea negative population, when all ethnic groups were analysed together. However, when the data was disaggregated for ethnicity, the p values were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is no association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nevertheless, this study still has merit, because, to the author’s knowledge, it is the first time a study of these human blood groups with a disease has been performed correctly.
Self-shading affects allometric scaling in trees

Summary 1. West et al. [Science, 284 (1999) 1677] derived an optimal body-size scaling exponent under the assumption that resources are evenly distributed among exchange surfaces, leading to the well-known ¾ scaling rule. In trees, this implies a volume-filling branching network (a fractal dimension of 3 for foliage). However, there is evidence that the fractal dimension is less than 3 in trees. 2. Here, we include self-shading in the derivation of optimal fractal dimensions. With self-shading, resources are not evenly distributed among leaves because light enters the crown at the surface and is gradually attenuated within the crown. We find that the optimal fractal dimension can take values between 2 and 3, depending on light interception properties and crown size. 3. For a large data set on foliage and woody biomass in gymnosperm trees, we confirm that the fractal dimension of foliage is less than 3, and that it shows a weak dependence on crown size. However, foliage biomass scaled with crown woody biomass with an exponent of 0·78, very close to the theoretical expectation of ¾ scaling. This can be explained by a deviation from the theoretical prediction in the scaling of crown woody biomass and crown length. 4. Overall, these results confirm a deviation from volume filling in gymnosperm trees, and we provide an explanation for this deviation in terms of optimal metabolic scaling. Because ¾ scaling of foliage biomass is still approximately valid, this implies that metabolic scaling exponents may not be as tightly linked to the fractal dimension of foliage as previously assumed.
Winners and losers in human‐made habitats: interspecific competition outcomes in two Neotropical vultures

Understanding the factors underlying species coexistence is a major focus in community ecology. When dealing with competition between native and exotic species, the competitive exclusion of the ‘weaker’ species can have consequences for biodiversity conservation. We examined interspecific interactions during foraging between black vultures Coragyps atratus and Andean condors Vultur gryphus in Southern Argentina. Previous studies suggest facilitatory interactions between them. However, in most parts of their distribution ranges, these species did not coexist until recently, when black vultures expanded their geographic range following human development. Thus, facilitatory processes or segregation patterns could not be fine‐tuned enough to allow their coexistence. Our hypothesis is that black vultures and Andean condors compete for food resources, and that this competitive scenario can change depending on local species abundances and habitat humanization. We experimentally placed sheep carcasses in two habitats differing in degrees of humanization to study the foraging patterns in these species. Both species exploited carcasses with similar temporal patterns. However, the first to arrive and the dominant species were different in both habitats, according to their abundances. Although black vultures do not completely prevent the arrival of Andean condors to carcasses, they represent serious obstacles for feeding. Thus, while dominance hierarchy at carcasses could be related to body size, carcass consumption was determined by species abundance. Our results support the hypothesis that the expansion of a ‘winning’ species may trigger interspecific competition with other ‘loser’ species, with negative responses towards human activities when they became abundant. Although the results are not conclusive, invasion and extinction processes could be occurring and they can have serious consequences for the diversity (i.e. richness and evenness) of the New World scavenger guilds.