Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a photoactivatable fluorescent protein from Aequorea victoria GFP

Photoactivation, the rapid conversion of photoactivatable molecules to a fluorescent state by intense irradiation, can be used to mark and monitor selected molecules within cells1. We report a photoactivatable variant of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) based on a mutation at position 203 that upon intense irradiation with 413 nm light exhibits a stable 60-100 fluorescence increase under 488 nm excitation. The photoactivated form of this mutant named photoactivatable GFP (PA-GFP), is stable under a number of conditions. PA-GFP can be used to analyze protein dynamics in living cells, offering enormous potential for addressing outstanding questions in protein trafficking and turnover, organelle dynamics, and cell lineage patterns.
Patterns of painting in satin bowerbirds Ptilonorhynchus violaceus and males’ responses to changes in their paint

Satin bowerbirds Ptilonorhynchus violaceus have an elaborate multi-component sexual display, some components of which have been extensively studied. We describe a relatively unstudied component of this display, bower painting, and birds' responses to manipulations of their paint. Males of this species focus their display around a stick bower constructed on the forest floor which they decorate with a variety of objects and paint. Painting involves a male masticating plant material and wiping the plant-saliva mixture onto the inside walls of the bower; during courtship visits to bowers, females nibble at this paint. We found that 93% of 53 males painted their bowers at our study site and the time males spent painting their bowers accounted for 24% of their time at the bower. We experimentally removed and added paint to bowers to test whether males respond to these changes in their paint. Males gave more advertisement calls and spent less time manipulating sticks at the bower when we added fresh wet paint to their bowers compared to older dried paint or a control treatment. They did not respond to the removal of paint from their bowers, perhaps because it was primarily older dried paint that was removed. We also found that males painted more frequently when there was measurable wind in their bowers, which could have degraded the quality of the signal. Our findings indicate that fresh wet paint is more important to males than older dried paint and, together with previous work at this site, suggest that paint may act as a signal to females. Given that females nibble bower sticks during courtship, we suggest that bower paint may function as a chemical sexual signal rather than a visual signal.
The mesozoic herbaceous lycopsids

Occurrences of lycopsid megafossils and their spores in the Mesozoic are reviewed. Subarborescent lepidodendralean forms diversified in the early Mesozoic before going extinct in the early jurassic, although herbaceous, Isoetes-like forms-considered here also to be lepidodendraleans-survived to the present day as represented by the sole surviving genus Isoetes. Records of Isoetes-like forms from Triassic strata are considered questionable; the earliest good-quality examples that can currently be accepted are in the late Jurassic/early Cretaceous (.)
Multipath Cluster-based Hybrid MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

The WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is the most appearing expertise that has potential applications broad ranges that include environment examining, smart spaces, medical systems, and robotic study. The efficient energy is a consideration of vital design for WSN. In WSNs, the collision is occurred due to data transmission from the sensor nodes and the traffic at SINK node is high due to the transmission of excess data by the sensor nodes. An important division of the consumption of resources in a WSN is managed by the mechanism of MAC (Medium Access Control). An existing MAC protocols initiated for the utilization of WSNs single channel for the transmission of data. This is basically because of the reality that efficient energy is measured to be the issue of essentiality in WSNs. A new multi-channel MAC procedure MPCB-HM is proposed which utilizes CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance), to exchange the data, the activity of TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) sequencing nodes and also FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) to allow collision-free exchange simultaneously. The nodes have multiple communication channels, so that the high data traffic can be shared in multiple channels. This reduces the overhead in the nodes and the Energy consumption is minimized by this method and collision free transmission is achieved. With the help of intra-cluster communication and inter-cluster communication, the MAC mode control is responsible for shifting of mode from TDMA to CSMA and vice versa. The Cluster-based topology is implemented which helps in improving the scalability and energy efficiency. By utilizing the simulator of NS2, the process is estimated and the outcomes have shown that the procedure of MAC is improved by overall network presentation compared to the other protocols.
Hybrid Ensemble Learning Technique for Software Defect Prediction

—The reliability of software depends on its ability to function without error. Unfortunately, errors can be generated during any phase of software development. In the field of software engineering, the prediction of software defects during the initial stages of development has therefore become a top priority. Scientific data are used to predict the software's future release. Study shows that machine learning and hybrid algorithms are change benchmarks in the prediction of defects. During the past two decades, various approaches to software defect prediction that rely on software metrics have been proposed. This paper explores and compares well-known supervised machine learning and hybrid ensemble classifiers in eight PROMISE datasets. The experimental results showed that AdaBoost support vector machines and bagging support vector machines were the best performing classifiers in Accuracy, AUC, recall and F-measure.
From CSR to CSI

Purpose - The paper analyses consumers’ hostile responses and ‘creative’ re-interpretation of a proactive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) brand communication campaign on social media by a leading Italian company in the energy industry that came to be perceived as a reactive Corporate Social Irresponsibility (CSI) performance. Design/methodology/approach - Taking Palazzo and Basu’s framework of scapes (2007) as a starting point, the paper explores the intersection between branding and CSR studies. After consideration of the lack of empirical studies on this subject, a content analysis of tweets generated from the campaign ‘Guerrieri’ of Enel is performed. Findings - Findings show the dialogic bottom-up approach results are ineffective due to the hijacking of original intent of the company in implementing its CSR communication initiatives. That is to say that corporate brand (CB) strategies can be easily re-interpreted in social media-scape in an opposing perspective, raising the risk of digital hijacking and boycotting initiatives. Practical implications - From a practical standpoint, the study informs managers so that they can evaluate complex problems implicated in the creation of CSR activities aimed at engaging consumers and virtual communities. Besides, the paper would like to aid managers when they face discontent or activism, suggesting they should turn the attention of their stakeholders through a re-evaluation of relevant CSR activities, potentially leveraging on a loyal public which has completely interiorised CB values and can act as brand ambassadors. Originality/value – The paper is one of the first attempts to study the nexus between CSR and CB in digitally-empowering contexts, clarifying the crucial role of social media-scape.
Análise das Variáveis Intervenientes na Tomada de Decisões Éticas dos Profissionais e Estudantes de Ciências Contábeis Brasileiros

O objetivo geral e analisar os fatores que influenciam essa tomada de decisao, com base nos estudos conduzidos no Brasil. O presente estudo se utiliza da abordagem mista ou qualiquantitativa e os procedimentos tecnicos adotados o classificam como revisao sistematica com metanalise. A revisao sistematica identificou 28 estudos conduzidos no Brasil sobre o tema, abrangendo 7.580 respondentes de 22 Estados das cinco regioes geograficas do pais, no periodo compreendido entre os anos de 2006 e 2017. Os resultados indicam predominio de estudos abordando as variaveis individuais, com destaque para o genero, e entre as variaveis situacionais se destaca, por sua frequencia, o Codigo de Etica Profissional do Contador - CEPC. Quanto a influencia das variaveis, na decisao etica, no conjunto dos estudos analisados, as variaveis individuais obtiveram resultados mistos, a excecao da educacao etica, a qual apresentou consenso sobre sua influencia positiva. A metanalise indicou relacao estatisticamente significativa da variavel situacional CEPC com a tomada de decisao etica. Destacam-se tambem os componentes da variavel intensidade moral da questao etica como campo em expansao e com resultados consistentes. Palavras-chave: Etica Profissional. Variaveis Intervenientes. Metanalise. AbstractThe general objective is to analyze the factors that influence this decision-making, based on the studies conducted in Brazil. The present study uses the mixed or qualitative and quantitative approach and the adopted technical procedures classify it as a systematic review with meta-analysis. The systematic review identified 28 studies conducted in Brazil on the subject, covering 7,580 respondents from 22 states in the five geographic regions of the country, in the period between 2006 and 2017. The results indicate a predominance of studies addressing the individual variables, for the gender, and among the situational variables, it is stood ut by its frequency the Professional Code of Ethics of the Accountant - CEPC. Regarding the variables influence in the ethical decision, in the set of studies analyzed, the individual variables obtained mixed results, except for ethical education, which presented a consensus about its positive influence. The meta-analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship of the situational variable CEPC with the ethical decision-making. The components of the moral intensity variable of the ethical question as a field in expansion and with consistent results are also noteworthy. Keywords: Professional Ethics. Intermediate Variables. Meta-Analysis.
The macrofungal diversity and community of Atlantic oak (Quercus petraea and Q. robur) forests in Ireland.

The oak species Quercus petraea and Q. Robur are dominant canopy tree species of native deciduous forests in Ireland and coastal regions of Western Europe. These forests are typically plant species-rich, and can also have a rich fungal flora. This survey examined macrofungi found in five native oak sites across Ireland over three years. Overall, 94 macrofungal species belonging to 39 genera were discovered with Mycena, Lactarius, Russula and Cortinarius the most species-rich genera. The species accumulation curve did not show signs of levelling off, indicating that more sampling would reveal more new species. Species richness estimation using the Chao2 estimator indicated that up to 135 species may be present across all of our plots, with individual plots receiving estimates from 19 to 61 species per plot. Sampled-based rarefaction analysis showed no significant differences in macrofungal species richness between our plots. The five most common species were Laccaria amethystina, L. laccata, Stereum hirsutum, Armillaria mellea and Cortinarius flexipes . Comparisons of the results with results from oak forests in similar regions found that the communities in Great Britain were most similar to those found in Ireland. There were some key oak forest distinguishing fungal species from the family Boletaceae lacking from Irish oak forests. It is hypothesised that the historic deforestation of Ireland, caused a reduction of suitable habitats for Irish oak associated macrofungi, leading to the unspecific mycota found in the oak forests of this study. The threats to Atlantic oak forests in Ireland are briefly discussed.
Molecular modifications of β-lactoglobulin upon exposure to high pressure

Irreversible modifications in tertiary structure, surface hydrophobicity, and association state of β-lactoglobulin were studied after exposure to high pressure (600 and 900 MPa) of solutions of the protein at neutral pH and at different concentrations. Only minor irreversible structural modifications were evident even for treatments as intense as 15 min at 900 MPa. The occurrence of irreversible modifications was time-progressive at 600 MPa but was complete within 2 min at 900 MPa. The irreversibly modified protein was soluble, but some covalent aggregates were formed. Formation of aggregates increased with increasing protein concentration and was prevented by blocking the free thiol moiety in each β-lactoglobulin monomer. Results are discussed in light of their practical relevance, and a unifying denaturation mechanism is envisaged for β-lactoglobulin. In the proposed mechanism, release of monomers represents one of the earliest events, while association of transiently modified monomers stabilizes the de.
Mass Mortalities of Cultured Kuruma Shrimp, Penaeus japonicus, in Japan in 1993 : Epizootiological Survey and Infection Trials

1. 1993年に西日本で発生した養殖クルマエビの大量死に関連してクルマエビ養殖を行っている17県を対象に, その発生状況を調べるとともに, 病エビを用いて感染実験を行った。 2. 大量死の発生は中国産種苗の導入と密接に関連していた。 3. 死亡率は発生例の約8割が80%以上であり, 死亡エビのサイズは0. 01g～22. 5gと範囲は広かった。 4. 大量死の原因と考えられるような細菌, 真菌, 寄生虫は検出できなかった。 5. 自然発症及び実験感染クルマエビの磨砕濾液の筋肉内注射によりクルマエビは容易に死亡し, 死亡エビは自然発症個体と同様の症状を呈した。 6. 以上の結果より, 今回の大量死の原因としては濾過性病原体が強く疑われ, それは中国産クルマエビとともに日本に持ち込まれたものと推定された。
Coexistence in a Variable Environment

A community which would not reach a stable equilibrium may nevertheless persist if there is temporal variation and nonlinear dynamics. A procedure is introduced for taking time averages of the rates of change. Since the average of a nonlinear function is not the function of the average, higher terms such as the variances of resources or covariances among species and environmental factors enter into the coexistence conditions. These measures behave as if they were resources. Therefore the number of consumer species cannot exceed the number of resources plus distinct nonlinearities. The nonlinearities arise from predator saturation, learning, group hunting, multiple nutritional requirements, or seasonally variable feeding rates. It is shown that there is no long term correlation between the abundance of a species and its rates of increase.
The stratification theory for plant coexistence promoted by one‐sided competition

1 It is an essential feature of plants that leaves at higher levels have better access to light than those at lower levels. Thus, larger plants generally enjoy greater success in competing for light than smaller ones. We analyse the effect of such size‐asymmetry, or one‐sided competition, on the successful coexistence of plant species, using an analytically tractable model for stratified populations, in which a plant in the same layer exhibits the same crowding effect as any other, irrespective of species. 2 A two‐layer population that is reproductive in upper layer and juvenile in lower layer has a uniquely stable (plant‐size‐weighted) equilibrium density, as long as its fecundity is sufficient to compensate for its mortality rate. We also calculate a unique threshold lower‐layer density of this layered population when there is no upper‐layer plant. This threshold lower‐layer density is larger than the weighted equilibrium density with upper layer, except for the case of perfect two‐sided competition. 3 A two‐layer species can stably coexist with a one‐layer, understorey species as a result of one‐sided, but not two‐sided competition. The coexistence condition is that the equilibrium density of the one‐layer species lies between the threshold lower‐layer density and the equilibrium density of the two‐layer species. For an understorey species to coexist successfully with a two‐layer species, any advantage in demographic performance, most prominently in a sufficiently high fecundity per plant must offset the disadvantage of living in dark conditions. 4 Results from a model of multi‐layer populations suggest that several species differing in terms of maximum layer and fecundity can coexist under conditions of one‐sided competition. We demonstrate an example of the stable coexistence of eight species. The inter‐specific trade‐offs predicted by the model correspond to patterns observed in a rain forest. 5 Synthesis. We propose a stratification theory that explains the generation and maintenance of the successful coexistence of plant species. Under the condition of one‐sided competition, a canopy population that takes advantage of escaping from understorey competition shows an ability to invade an understorey with a density higher than its own equilibrium density, and which offers opportunities for an understorey population with high fecundity and/or shade tolerance to coexist. The predicted coexistence of species that share maximum canopy height is most pronounced for trees of tropical rain forests.
Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus): a review of life history and key vulnerabilities in New Zealand

Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) is an important coastal fish species in New Zealand for a variety of reasons, but the large amount of research conducted on snapper has not been reviewed. Here, we review life history information and potential threats for snapper in New Zealand. We present information on snapper life history, defining stages (eggs and larvae, juvenile and adult), and assess potential threats and knowledge gaps. Overall we identify six key points: 1. post-settlement snapper are highly associated with certain estuarine habitats that are under threat from land-based stressors. This may serve as a bottleneck for snapper populations; 2. the largest knowledge gaps relate to the eggs and larvae. Additional knowledge may help to anticipate the effects of climate change, which will likely have the greatest influence on these early life stages; 3. ocean acidification, from land-based sources and from climate change, may be an important threat to larval snapper; 4. a greater understanding of population connectivity would improve certainty around the sustainability of fishery exploitation; 5. the collateral effects of fishing are likely to be relevant to fishery productivity, ecosystem integrity and enduser value; 6. our understanding of the interrelationships between snapper and other ecosystem components is still deficient.
A Taxonomic Study on Perinereis nuntia Species Group (Polychaeta: Nereididae) of Korea

A taxonomic study was carried out on the Perinereis nuntia species group of Korea by using morphological and molecular data (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I: mtCOI). Two species, P. mictodonta (Marenzeller, 1879) and P. wilsoni (Glasby and Hsieh, 2006), are recognized and redescribed. In this study, mtCOI gene showed a good resolution as molecular marker for species identification of the P. nuntia species group of Korea.
Analysis of pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) by means of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula

In the area of the western Balkans, xerothermal broad-leaf forests hold a very special position, the main species being pubescent oak ( Quercus pubescens Willd.). The study comprises 36 populations of pubescent oak from Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania and Macedonia. Genetic variability and population diversity was analysed on chloroplast DNA in order to determine to which haplotype an individual or studied population belongs, as well as how they are related. For the detection of one haplotype analysed four sequences (AS, TF, DT and CD) on the chloroplasts DNA. The results of the analysis suggest that there are six different haplotypes of pubescent oak (2, 4, 5, 17, 31, 33) in the studied populations. Two more sub-haplotypes were found in haplotype 5 (a and b), but only in populations occurring in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results suggest the great variability of pubescent oak in the researched area, which is generally characteristic of other species from the area of the Balkan Peninsula. The results obtained by means of cpDNA analysis can help in the formation of seed zones. However, due to the strong selection pressure of unplanned logging, and the possible introduction of herbal material of unknown origin, it is necessary to find a sufficient number of autochthonous entities (i.e., populations of the researched species) as well as new suitable markers for their characterization. The results of this paper constitute a scientifically recognised, partial examination of the origin of the starting forest reproductive material from the broader geographic area, thus serving future projects on its regeneration.
Self‐Fertile Doubled Haploid Plants of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

The self-fertility of chromosome-doubled haploid lines of perennial ryegrass and their first (I 1 ) and second (I 2 ) generation selfed offspring was studied. The overall seed set was low, 0-0.4 seeds per spike, as would be expected for chromosome-doubled haploids of a self-incompatible species. Nevertheless, significant genetic variation was observed for self-fertility within three of the six lines studied. Within one line, three I 2 -clones showed increased self-fertility, while in two other lines one and three I 1 -clones, respectively, showed significantly increased self-fertility. Selection, during selfing, of rare pollen grains with mutations in the self-incompatibility system could explain the observed changes and would lead to a general breakdown of self-incompatibility in Lolium perenne during repeated selfing of chromosome-doubled haploids (.)
LA SALINIDAD INCREMENTA EL CONTENIDO DE FLAVONOIDES, DE ANTOCIANINAS Y EL POTENCIAL HIPOGLUCEMIANTE DE TOMATILLO (Physalis ixocarpa)

In the current study, the effect of salinity on the levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins was determined, as well as the inhibitory potential of the enzymes αglucosidase and α-amylase of tomatillo fruits (Physalis ixocarpa), a species with relevant nutritional and commercial
Antimicrobial Activity of the Extracts and Essential Oil of Viguiera dentata

Viguiera dentata (Cav.) Sprenguel (Asteraceae) is known as “chimalacate” in several Mexican states. Infusions of the aerial part of this species are used for the treatment of baby rash by the inhabitants of San Rafael, Coxcatlan, Puebla, Mexico. We examined the antibacterial and antifungal activities through the disk-diffusion method. The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of V. dentata is reported here for the first time. The essential oil of aerial parts of V. dentata was examined by GC-MS: it is constituted mainly by monoterpenes (57.16%), and of this the major components are 1,3,3-trimethyl-tricyclo[2.2. 1.02,6] heptane (30.85%) and limonene (13.27%). Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to the essential oil. The essential oil had no antifungal activity. The hexane extract H1 presented antibacterial activity against seven strains (four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative); this extract had no antifungal activity. One bioactive compound, ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid 1, was isolated. In comparison with the essential oil and H1, the pure compound 1 showed the lowest MICs in the majority of the bacterial strains. Only the hexane partition (H2) of the methanol extract showed antifungal activity against all tested fungi.