Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les NADPH oxydases, Nox - Une nouvelle famille d’isoenzymes

La famille des NADPH oxydases, Nox, chez l’homme, est composee de sept isoenzymes, cinq Nox et deux Duox (dual oxidase ). Leur unique fonction est de reduire l’oxygene moleculaire pour synthetiser l’anion superoxyde et les especes radicalaires, ROS (reactive oxygen species ), qui en decoulent. Les ROS sont produites en exces dans les maladies chroniques et les pathologies du vieillissement. La comprehension des mecanismes impliques dans le fonctionnement des Nox, et l’emergence d’inhibiteurs specifiques, imposent une connaissance approfondie de leur nature et de leur structure. Les objectifs de cette revue sont de mettre l’accent, dans une approche structure/fonction, sur les principales proprietes qui rassemblent et differencient les Nox chez l’homme.
Time Constrained Data Destruction in Cloud

Personal data stored in the Cloud may contain account numbers, passwords, notes, and other important information that could be used and misused by a miscreant, a competitor, or a court of law. These data are cached, copied, and archived by Cloud Service Providers (CSPs), often without users’ authorization and control. Time constrained data helps to protect all the data, by destructing it after the specific timeout . In addition, the decryption key is destructed after the user-specified time. In this paper, we present, a time constrained data system that meets this challenge through a novel integration of cryptographic techniques with active storage techniques . Time constrained data system are used to meet all the privacy-preserving goals. Compared to the system without time constrained data mechanism, throughput for uploading and downloading with the proposed timeout data acceptably decreases by less than 72%, while latency for upload/download operations with time constrained data mechanism increases by less than 60%.
The EIM algorithm in the joint segregation analysis of quantitative traits

In this article, a new algorithm for obtaining the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of parameters in the joint segregation analysis (JSA) of multiple generations of P 1 , F 1 , P 2 , F 2 and F 2[ratio ]3 (MG5) for quantitative traits was set up. Firstly, owing to the fact that the component variance of the heterogeneous genotype in F 2[ratio ]3 included both the first-order genetic parameters (denoted by the means of distributions) and the second-order parameters, a simple closed form for the MLEs of the means of component distributions did not exist while the expectation and maximization (EM) algorithm was used. To simplify the estimation of parameters, the first partial derivative of the above variance on the mean in the sample log-likelihood function was omitted. However, this would be remedied by the iterated method. Then, variances of component distributions for segregating populations were partitioned into major-gene, polygenic and environmental variances so that the generally iterated formulae for estimating the means as well as polygenic and environmental variances of component distributions in the maximization step (M-step) of the EM algorithm were obtained. Therefore, the EM algorithm for estimating parameters in the JSA model for the MG5 was simplified. This is called the expectation and iterated maximization (EIM) algorithm. Finally, an example of the inheritance of the resistance of soybean to beanfly showed that the results of mixed inheritance analysis in this paper coincided with those in both Wang & Gai (2001) and Wei et al . (1989), so the EIM algorithm was appropriate.
5.2 mW 61 dB SNDR 15 MHz Bandwidth CT ΔΣ Modulator Using Single Operational Amplifier and Single Feedback DAC

We propose an architecture that reduces the power consumption and active area of such a modulator through a reduction in the number of active components and a simplification of the topology. The proposed architecture reduces the power consumption and active area by reducing the number of active components and simplifying the modulator topology. A novel second‐order loop filter that uses a single operational amplifier resonator reduces the number of active elements and enhances the controllability of the transfer function. A trapezoidal‐shape half‐delayed return‐to‐zero feedback DAC eliminates the loop‐delay compensation circuitry and improves pulse‐delay sensitivity. These simple features of the modulator allow higher frequency operation and more design flexibility. Implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology, the prototype modulator occupies an active area of 0.098 mm2 and consumes 5.23 mW power from a 1.2 V supply. It achieves a dynamic range of 62 dB and a peak SNDR of 60.95 dB over a 15 MHz signal bandwidth with a sampling frequency of 780 MHz. The figure‐of‐merit of the modulator is 191 fJ/conversion‐step.
A Survey: A Comparative Study on Partitioning and Hierarchical Algorithms for Document Clustering using MATLAB

Clustering is a useful technique that organizes a large quantity of unordered text documents into a small number of meaningful and coherent clusters. This paper presents the comparative study on clustering algorithms i.e. K-means and Hierarchical Clustering using MATLAB. MATLAB is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language, developed by MathWorks.
The MIPS32 ® 24KE™ Core Family: High-Performance RISC Cores with DSP Enhancements

The MIPS32 24KE core family is the latest high-performance synthesizable microprocessor cores from MIPS Technologies, Inc. and features DSP enhancements at a negligible cost. The 24KE core family fills an important gap in the convergence of RISC processors and digital signal processors (DSPs). This convergence is enabled by emerging market trends, and comes with cost advantages and technical challenges. The 24KE design meets these challenges quite handily as shown in this paper. The 24KE cores were built by adding the new DSP enhancements to the existing pipeline in the 24K cores. The performance benefit for DSP applications from these enhancements can be as much as two times compared to a 24K design. And yet the 24KEc core has minimal frequency degradation and increase in the die area compared to the 24Kc core. This paper discusses some of the novel implementation techniques used to achieve this result.
Asymptotic Equivalent Circuits of Interconnects based on Complex Frequency Method

Nowaday, Spice is widely used for cir- cuit designs and simulations of ICs. Therefore, it is a very important to develop a user friendly sim- ulator with Spice for solving LSI circuits coupled with interconnects, because LSI circuits are usually connected with PCBs(printed circuit boards) which are modeled with the transmission lines in high fre- quency domain. There have been already published many papers for solving the interconnects termi- nated by nonlinear subnetworks. However, most of the algorithms are not easy to develop with Spice simulator. In this paper, we propose a new tech- nique of replacing the interconnect by an asymptotic equivalent circuits based on a complex frequency method. We found from many simulation results that we can get the good results even with the low order approximations. Thus, using the equivalent circuits, we can easily obtain the transient responses of LSI circuits coupled with interconnects by Spice simulator.
Which is better for humans, animal milk or vegetable milk?

Above all of that, the fermentation of milk greatly increases the nutritional and healthy values. Fermented dairy foods have constituted a vital part of human diet in many regions of the world since times immemorial. They have been consumed ever since the domestication of animals. Evidence for the use of fermented milks comes from archeological findings associated with the Sumerians and Babylonians of Mesopotamia, the Pharoses of northeast Africa and the Indo-Aryans of the Indian subcontinent. It was reported that consuming fermented dairy products caused to longevity [3,4]. Fermented milk products not only are consumed for their benefits but also for refreshing effects. Their popularity is said to be attributed to the effective use of consumer-driven flavors and milder cultures [5]. These products already have a positive health image [6,7], which can be further enhanced by the addition of probiotic bacteria with therapeutic properties. Various microorganisms characterize the diversity of fermented milks around the world. Lactic fermentation by bacteria transforms milk into the majority of products [8]. A combination of lactic starters and yeasts is used for some products, and in a few cases lactic fermentation combined with molds makes up the flora. In many countries, yogurt and fermented milks with probiotic cultures are available. These are made with defined cultures that have been scientifically documented to display certain health benefits [9]. Fermented milks may be mixed with water to make a refreshing beverage. Salt, sugar, spices or fruits may be added to enhance taste. Liquid yogurt is the prime example. Spoonable yogurt has significant commercial importance all over the world. It is sold in cups and tubes.
pH modulates the vestibular afferent discharge and its response to excitatory amino acids.

In the isolated inner ear of the axolotl (Ambystoma tigrinum )a cid pH decreased and basic pH increased the resting and mechanically evoked spike discharge of semicircular canal aierent neurons. Variations in pH also modi¢ed the aierent neuron response to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) acid and to (7)-a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole- 4 -propionic acid (AMPA). Responses to both excitatory amino acid agonists increased at pH 7.8 (41% and 22%, respectively) and decreased by perfusion of the preparation with a saline solution, of pH 7.0 (28% in both cases). These results indicate that vestibular endorgans have a signi¢cant sensitivity to pH that could play a signi¢cant role in various pathological states, and may also contribute to the post-transductional processing of sensory information. NeuroReport14:1327^1328 � c 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
An evolutionary programming-based probabilistic neural networks construction technique

Quick learning ability of a probabilistic neural network (PNN) has made it a popular alternative to feedforward neural networks trained by backpropagation algorithm. However in real life applications, where training set size is quite large, the PNN model suffers from a huge memory overhead and a long testing time. Moreover, its generalization capability critically depends on the choice of certain architectural parameters, which are presently chosen in an ad hoc basis. Since the PNN can be viewed as a Gaussian mixture model, the above drawbacks can be avoided if the PNN is configured based on a Gaussian mixture model with an optimum parameter set. In this paper, an evolutionary programming based clustering technique is employed to determine the optimum parameter set of the Gaussian mixture model. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated on a Contract Bridge game opening bid problem.
Interoperate with whom? formality, archaeology and the semantic web

Interoperability is often cited as a desirable end-goal for information systems, but the highly abstract nature of this apparent benet sits uneasily with the task-oriented realities of data-management. The approach most frequently advocated is to increase the formality of the system, which facilitates system-integration yet also raises additional barriers to entry that reduce the potential pool of systems to interoperate with. The Semantic Web initiative in particular has faced accusations that diculties associated with its adoption can outweigh the perceived benets of data-sharing [9]. This issue will be discussed in reference to current doctoral research being undertaken in Humanities data integration. It will argue that technologies that either heavily front-load or defer dealing with semantic complexity are unlikely to be viable across the producer spectrum. Recourse to altruistic arguments suggests a tacit acceptance that application of such technologies may not be in the immediate interest of the curator. An approach which oers multiple pay-o points is inherently more attractive to potential adopters. In particular, we focus on means by which data-driven microproviders - owners of the small but important datasets that tend to form the long tail of academic data in the Humanities - can participate in semantics-driven datasharing. We propose that (at least) ve escalating levels of semantic formalization can be identied, each with diering requirements and benets for the implementer: i. Literal Standardization, ii. Instance URI generation, iii. Canonical URI mapping, iv. RDF generation, and v. Databaseschema-to-Ontology mapping. We note that Linked Data - hitherto seen as the simplest semantic approach - is relatively advanced in this scheme (level iv). We argue that data providers should be encouraged to migrate towards full semantic formalization only as their requirements dictate, rather than all at once. Such an approach acts as both a short and long-term investment in semantic approaches, which in turn encourages increased community engagement. We also propose that for such processes to be accessible
A concurrent error detection IC in 2-μm static CMOS logic

When a comprehensive fault model is considered, static CMOS VLSI has long been prohibited from realizing concurrent error detecting (CED) circuits due to the unique analog faults (bridging and stuck-on faults). In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and testing of an experimental chip containing the integration of a totally self-checking (TSC) Berger code checker and a strongly code disjoint (SCD) built-in current sensor (BICS). This chip was fabricated by MOSIS using 2 /spl mu/m p-well CMOS technology. In chip tests, all implanted faults, including analog faults, were detected as expected. We also show that the self-exercising mechanism of the SCD BICS is indeed functioning properly. This is the first demonstration of a working static CMOS CED chip. >
A method to find runlength limited block error control codes

This paper presents a method to find runlength limited block error control codes which are formed by taking an appropriate coset of a modified linear transparent error control code. The main advantages of this method are its simplicity and generality, i.e., it can be applied in any block code with no restriction of block length or minimum Hamming distance.
Effects of enzyme treatment and processing on pasting and thermal properties of oats

Specific enzymes were used to decompose protein and β-glucans in wholemeal oats prior to measuring pasting and thermal properties of the meal using rapid viscoanalysis and differential scanning calorimetry. β-Glucans were responsible for a large proportion of these properties of the meals, while the contribution of protein was much less. An extra transition process was observed using DSC tests on wholemeal oats compared to isolated starch. Pasting and thermal properties were correlated with each other and with compositional data. Processing effects on thermal properties were also noted. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Vive la variance: a functional oviposition theory for insect herbivores

We developed state‐dependent life‐history theory to explain the variance in clutch size decisions made by insect herbivores under a variety of ecological scenarios. An important aspect of our theory is explicit representation of the distribution of host quality and frequency of occurrence. Examination of the theory suggests that clutch size decisions can be highly non‐linear with respect to host quality and variability. We then use our theory to explore the potential for bet‐hedging strategies to evolve as a function of unpredictable catastrophic events that decimate entire clutches. Our analysis suggests that the benefits to employing such a strategy will frequently be outweighed by costs brought on by delayed oviposition.
Isoflurane Inhibits Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Neural Differentiation Through miR-9/E-cadherin Signaling

The commonly used inhalation anesthetic, isoflurane, can permeate rapidly through the placental barrier and thus cause toxicity to the central nervous system of the developing fetus. In this study, we treated pregnant mice with clinically relevant concentration of isoflurane early on in development (days 3.5–6.5), and then found that the fetus growth was inhibited by isoflurane. We further used the mouse embryonic stem cell (mES cell) to be the early development model to investigate the mechanism of the embryotoxicity of isoflurane and found that isoflurane inhibited self-renewal of mES cells. In addition, neuronal differentiation from the mES cells treated with isoflurane was also inhibited. Overexpression of E-cadherin attenuated the effects of isoflurane on self-renewal and the subsequent neuronal differentiation. We also found that miR-9 can be upregulated by isoflurane. Overexpression of miR-9 inhibited the self-renewal and subsequent neuronal differentiation. E-cadherin was directly targeted by miR-.
RCE networks: an experimental investigation

The author briefly surveys the history of hyperspherical classifiers and restricted Coulomb energy (RCE) networks. The ability of a trained RCE classifier to correctly classify new instances is compared with that of several well-known classifiers. Two unexplored aspects of RCE network classifiers are experimentally examined: (1) the treatment of potential wells on the number of training epochs, storage requirements, and generalization; and (2) rejection of an instance from an unknown class. Modifications to a traditional RCE classifier improve average generalization from 83.2% to 90.7% with comparable computational cost. For comparison, a nearest-neighbor classifier performs at 93% and a feedforward network at 88.4% on the same data. When the improved RCE classifier is compared with its underlying adaptive nearest-neighbor classifier the results show that the incorporation of potential wells into the RCE classifier does not reduce training time, nor pattern storage, nor does it improve generalization to new instances. <<ETX>>
Cutting Edge: Critical Role of NK1+ T Cells in IL-12-Induced Immune Responses In Vivo

CD1-dependent NK1+ T cells rapidly produce IL-4 upon stimulation through the TCR. These cells may therefore play an important role in the initiation of Th2 responses. Here, we show that NK1+ T cells constitutively express receptors for IL-12 and IFN-γ, and that IL-12 induces production of perforin in these cells. Moreover, while IL-12 induces high levels of IFN-γ and cytotoxic activity of hepatic or splenic mononuclear cells against tumor cells, this effect of IL-12 is significantly reduced in CD1-deficient mice with impaired NK1+ T cells development. These results indicate that NK1+ T cells play a critical role in IL-12-induced production of IFN-γ to initiate Th1 immune responses and as IL-12-induced cytotoxic effector cells to initiate antitumor immunity.
Deep Ocean Ecosystems

The term ‘deep ocean’ typically describes any marine ecosystem located at depths higher than 500 m. This environment is characterised by an elevated hydrostatic pressure, an average temperature of 2–4 °C, the absence of sunlight and the scarce availability of organic food. Specific organisms are associated with the deepest areas, and pressure-adapted animals as well as microorganisms inhabit these peculiar ecosystems. It is difficult to understand how we do not know much about deep sea compared to space environment, despite the fact that its distance from the ocean surface is relatively short. With no doubt, the deep-sea biodiversity is still mostly unseen and important benefits to human health and industrial activities will be available in the future from more extensive studies on this fascinating environment. Key Concepts: The deep sea is the world's largest ecosystem. The deep-sea biodiversity is still mostly unseen. The less diversity of animals with increasing depths is mainly due to the hydrostatic pressure, as well as to a larger competition for food coupled with a lower basal metabolism. Further insights into the natural traits of deep-sea will lead to important benefits to human health and industrial applications. Despite the fact that the distance of deep-sea from the ocean surface is much shorter than that between Earth and space, the abyssal environment is far to be well known. Keywords: deep-sea ecosystems; biodiversity; taxonomy; biotechnology; technologies
A study on singularity avoidance and robust control of redundant robot

Up to the present, a number of performance indices have been proposed for measure of dexterity of manipulators. There are many problems connected to the physical and mathematical meanings of these measures. In this paper, a new performance index considering aspect maintenance, computational burden, representation of an identical unit without regard to the robot and the effectiveness of the algorithm is proposed. This performance index is called the reduced minor index. Inverse kinematics is indispensable to robot control. The singularity-robust inverse is used and it offers a feasible motion close to the desired trajectory even at or in the neighborhood of singular points. Control of the redundant robot utilizing the upper reduced minor index and singularity-robust inverse is applied to the a 4 DOF wire-driven robot. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is illustrated with simulation and experiment results.
Modulation of the enterohemorrhagic E. coli virulence program through the human gastrointestinal tract

Enteric pathogens must not only survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract but must also coordinate expression of virulence determinants in response to localized microenvironments with the host. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a serious food and waterborne human pathogen, is well equipped with an arsenal of molecular factors that allows it to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract and successfully colonize the large intestine. This review will explore how EHEC responds to various environmental cues associated with particular microenvironments within the host and how it employs these cues to modulate virulence factor expression, with a view to developing a conceptual framework for understanding modulation of EHEC’s virulence program in response to the host. In vitro studies offer significant insights into the role of individual environmental cues but in vivo studies using animal models as well as data from natural infections will ultimately provide a more comprehensive pictur.