Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Papilloma formation in human foreskin xenografts after inoculation of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA

A mouse model of high-risk human papillomavirus infection was developed in which human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA was inoculated into human foreskin grafted to the skin of severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. Grafted skin contained human epidermis and dermis and, like normal human skin, expressed involucrin in differentiating keratinocytes. HPV type 16 DNA, attached to gold particles, was delivered directly into human epidermal cells and induced exophytic papilloma with histologic features of papillomavirus infection, including koilocytosis and expression of papillomavirus capsid antigen. This model should be useful for determining in vivo the functions of viral genes and for developing strategies to prevent and treat HPV-associated disease. It may also be of value in developing animal models of other human skin diseases.
SocialClymene: A negative reputation system for covert botnet detection in social networks

Online social networks, or simply social networks, are one of the most popular services on the Internet, providing a platform for users to interact, communicate, and collaborate with others. With this in mind, they have been able to attract millions of active users. However, they are being increasingly threatened by so-called covert social network botnets, a new generation of botnets that exploit social networks to establish covert command and control channels. Stego-botnets are typical covert social network botnets that use images shared on a social network to send the botmaster's commands and receive the information stolen from infected users. In this paper, we present SocialClymene, a PageRank-based negative reputation system to detect stego-botnets. At the heart of SocialClymene lies a negative reputation subsystem that analyzes images shared by social network users and calculates a negative reputation score for every user based on the user's history of participation in suspicious group activities. More precisely, the negative reputation score of every user is calculated by the sum of its incoming normalized suspicious values weighted by the negative reputation scores of its neighbors in a suspicious group activity graph. Our experimental results have shown that SocialClymene can efficiently detect stego-botnets with a high detection rate and an acceptable low false alarm rate.
Reproducibility of intracranial volume measurement by unsupervised multispectral brain segmentation

To assess the inter‐study variability of a recently published unsupervised segmentation method (Magn. Reson. Med. 1997;37:84–93), 14 brain MR studies were performed in five normal subjects. Standard deviations for absolute and fractional volumes of intracranial compartments, which reflect the experimental variability, were smaller than 16.5 ml and 1.1%, respectively. By comparing the experimental component of the variability with the variability observed in our reference database, an estimate of the biological variability of the intracranial fractional volumes in the database population was obtained.
Re: "does maternal smoking during pregnancy have a direct effect on future offspring obesity? Evidence from a prospective birth cohort study".

In a recent study, Al Mamun et al. (1) found that children of women who smoked during pregnancy were 31 percent more likely to be overweight and 42 percent more likely to be obese at age 14 years than their counterparts whose mothers did not smoke while pregnant. The body mass indexes of offspring whose mothers smoked before and/or after pregnancy but not during pregnancy were similar to those of children whose mothers never smoked. It is not clear in the paper exactly how maternal smoking during pregnancy might increase offspring’s risk of becoming overweight or obese in their teen years; however, the results were independent of a range of potentially confounding factors and suggest a direct effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on adolescent overweight and obesity. In my opinion, the evidence regarding direct effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the development of obesity in adult life paints a mixed picture. It is well known that size at birth seems to be associated with the distribution of body fat rather than with total body mass index, on which the findings of Al Mamun et al. (1) are based. It is therefore unlikely that there is one simple explanation for the finding that children of mothers who smoke during pregnancy have an elevated risk of obesity. We need to know more about how smoking affects fetal development. In this respect, the most important finding in the papers by Power and Jefferis (2) and Law et al. (3) seems to be that people whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have a lower birth weight and, independently of birth weight, a higher body mass index in adult life. It may be the adaptations of the fetus to maintain its growth rather than a direct effect of maternal smoking on fetal growth itself that underlie the changes in body composition later in life. Al Mamun et al. (1) also suggest that their results provide yet another incentive for pregnant women to be persuaded not to smoke and for young women to be encouraged to never take up smoking. However, I am at a loss to understand how this study is going to influence young women to never take up smoking. The longitudinal analysis considered a smaller sample of women and did not take into account young women representative of the Australian population. What about the use of multivariable analysis to explore the range of demographic, social, and lifestyle factors influencing young women’s smoking behavior as they move through different stages of their lives, such as leaving their parents’ home, attending college or university, marriage, and parenthood? In my opinion, it is important to understand the social contexts and the setting in which young women smoke throughout the different stages of their lives before developing interventions to persuade these women to quit smoking. This article does not address these important issues related to young women’s smoking behavior; therefore, suggesting that it can provide an incentive to young women to give up smoking is not practical.
Delayed surface opacification of a hydroview intraocular lens

The insertion of an intraocular lens during cataract surgery is routine but delayed opacification of hydrophilic foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) has been increasingly noticed as a late post‐operative complication. Such opacification may present with reduced visual acuity and can be diagnosed with slitlamp biomicroscopy. Lens explantation may be required. We report an 89‐year‐old female presenting with opacification of a Hydroview IOL and correlate the clinical findings of the lens in situ with the light microscopy of the explanted lens, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis. Pathological analysis of an explanted IOL may assist in a better understanding of the condition and may become relevant in medico‐legal proceedings.
Application of a Joint Deterministic-Probabilistic Criterion to Wind Integrated Bulk Power System Planning

The basic objective of bulk power system planning is to develop the system as economically as possible while maintaining an acceptable level of service reliability. The traditional methods used by system planners to maintain acceptable bulk power system reliability are challenged in the present move to incorporate higher wind power penetration levels. Combining deterministic considerations with probabilistic assessment in order to evaluate the quantitative system risk and conduct bulk power system planning has therefore become increasingly necessary and important in recent years. This paper examines the capacity value of wind generation using various approaches and the utilization of this value under the deterministic N-1 criterion. The application of a joint deterministic-probabilistic criterion for bulk system expansion planning in wind integrated systems is presented. The application of the conventional deterministic N-1, the basic probabilistic and the joint deterministic-probabilistic criteria is illustrated in a wind integrated test system in this paper.
Sex-speci W c e V ects of glucose deprivation on cell-mediated immunity and reproduction in Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus )

In most species, sexes diVer in levels of parasitism. These diVerences have traditionally been believed to be static, but a capacity for adjusting anti-parasite investments would allow sexes to allocate resources adaptively contingent on environmental conditions. During stressful periods, such as a food shortage, allocation decisions would be mandated in males and females, but the biasing of resources may diVer depending on the value of various physiological alternatives to the Wtness of each sex. To determine whether sexes sacriWce immune or reproductive capacity when stressed, male and female Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were pharmacologically deprived of glucose. Glucose deprivation was expected to compromise immune activity (delayed-type hypersensitivity) more than reproductive capacity in males because male Wtness is limited by reproductive opportunities. The opposite was predicted for females because of the greater value of surviving to breed in favorable conditions. Contrary to expectations, glucoprivation compromised immune activity in female, but not male, hamsters. Conversely, glucoprivation reduced male, but not female, reproductive organ masses. These results may reXect the adjustments made by wild hamsters during food shortages, or they may be inXuenced by the study design; neither sex was permitted to incur other behavioral and physiological costs, such as lactation and parental care. Regardless, our results indicate that sex diVerences in parasitism are likely to be plastic in many circumstances, but further work in free-living animals is critical to ascertain whether results of the present study are naturally representative.
MATEMA6: Machine Tele-Monitoring Assistance with 6LoWPAN

Manually detection of machine failures in a factory is a time-consuming and costly task. Tele-monitoring is critical to alleviate this problem and recover from failures quickly. Energy conservation of such a tele-monitoring system is an important consideration. MATEMA6 enables us to monitor and notify the machine status with rapidly and low energy consumption. It is built on top of commodity technologies: a small board computer like Raspberry Pi, a low-power wireless protocol, and mobile phones. Raspberry Pi periodically gathers data from the machines through 6LoWPAN over Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). The machine errors are notified immediately to the Android application on mobile phones. In addition, the employee can monitor their assigned machines; and the manager can see the overall performance of the factory via the Web browser either on the PC or the mobile phones. We also measure the energy consumption and show that the 6LoWPAN over BLE consumes only 45% and 76% of Wi-Fi and wired Ethernet, respectively.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Japan: Consumers' Food Safety Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Tested Beef

The discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as ‘mad cow disease’, in Japan caused anxiety about consuming beef and beef products. As a result, there was a sudden fall in sales of beef that hurt the Japanese beef industry as well as major beef exporters to Japan. We analyse factors that affect Japanese consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) price premiums for BSE-tested beef and estimate the mean WTP for BSE-tested beef using data obtained from a consumer survey in Japan. A single-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation model is used to recover the premium amount. We find that attitudes to food safety, reduction in beef consumption following the BSE outbreak, and being female all have a statistically significant positive effect on the WTP for BSE-tested beef. Interestingly, demographic variables such as age and income do not affect the WTP, possibly indicating that the BSE scare similarly affected multiple segments of the population. In our sample, consumers are willing to pay a premium on average of greater than 50 per cent for BSE-tested beef.
A Review of Merton's Model of the Firm's Capital Structure with its Wide Applications

Since its publication, the seminal structural model of default by Merton (1974) has become the workhorse for gaining insights about how firms choose their capital structure, a “bread and butter” topic for financial economists. Capital structure theory is inevitably linked to several important empirical issues such as (a) the term structure of credit spreads, (b) the level of credit spreads implied by structural models in relation to the ones that we observe in the data, (c) the cross-sectional variations in leverage ratios, (d) the types of defaults and renegotiations that one observes in real life, (e) the manner in which investment and financial structure decisions interact, (f) the link between corporate liquidity and corporate capital structure, (g) the design of capital structure of banks [contingent capital (CC)], (h) linkages between business cycles and capital structure, etc. The literature, building on Merton’s insights, has attempted to tackle these issues by significantly enhancing the original framework proposed in his model to make the theoretical framework richer (by modeling frictions such as agency costs, moral hazard, bankruptcy codes, renegotiations, investments, state of the macroeconomy, etc.) and in greater accordance with stylized facts. In this review, I summarize these developments.
FIRST-ORDER LOGICAL-PROBABILISTIC INTERPRETATION OF TRAFFIC LANES

This paper presents a probabilistic logical model of traffic rules with the goal to provide highlevel interpretation of the traffic rules regarding lane signalisation in video scenes, as observed from a vehicle’s viewpoint. The images are provided by a monocular camera attached to a vehicle driving in normal traffic situations. A low-level computer vision algorithm classifies the type of lane dividers and their relative positions with respect to the vehicle, then sends the information to be used as evidences by a probabilistic inference engine that reasons about the vehicle’s location and actions. The inference is accomplished using a first-order knowledge base formalising right-handed traffic rules. Uncertainties inherent to the sensors are treated within a probabilistic framework, the Markov Logic Networks, and results are compared to a well-known baseline classifier, the Naïve Bayes. We evaluate the use of these techniques under real-world traffic situations. Keywords— Spatial reasoning, Image Understanding, Markov Logic Networks Resumo— Este artigo apresenta um modelo lógico-probabilístico de regras de trânsito com o objetivo de fornecer uma interpretação de alto nível sobre faixas de rodagem a partir de cenas de vídeo, tal como observado do ponto de vista de um veículo. As imagens são fornecidas por uma câmara monocular ligada à um veículo em condições normais de trânsito. Um algoritmo de visão computacional de baixo nível classifica o tipo de separadores de pista e as suas posições relativas em relação ao veículo. Em seguida, esta informação é utilizada como evidência por um mecanismo de inferência probabilística cujo objetivo é determinar as ações do veículo. Esta inferência é realizada utilizando uma base de conhecimento de primeira ordem representando um subconjunto de regras de trânsito. Incertezas inerentes aos sensores são tratadas dentro de uma estrutura probabilística, as Redes Lógica de Markov, e os resultados são comparados com um classificador Naïve Bayes. O uso destas técnicas foi avaliado em situações de tráfego urbano real. Palavras-chave— Qualitative Spatial Reasoning, Interpretação de cenas, Redes Lógicas de Markov.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Inhibit Both Proliferation and Chemotaxis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells a

The proliferation and locomotion of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) play an important role in atherogenesis' and in the development of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. * Although the precise mechanisms responsible for growth-factor-induced SMC proliferation and locomotion are not clear, evidence suggests that tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity is involved in these proce~ses . ~ Thus, evaluation of PTK inhibitors may be useful both for elucidating the involvement of growth factors in atherogenesis and for treating vascular diseases. Herein, we review briefly our findings and those of others concerning the inhibitory effect of PTK inhibitors on SMC proliferation and locomotion.
The rhythms of life: what your body clock means to you!

What is the topic of this review? 24 h rhythms have been observed in plants, animals and humans since ancient times, but until recently little was known about how these rhythms are generated or regulated, and what happens to our health when these rhythms are disrupted. What advances does it highlight? 24 h rhythms arise from the molecular interaction of key “clock genes”. This molecular clockwork is in turn adjusted to the external world by recently discovered photoreceptors within the eye. This new insight about our biology is having a major impact on both the understanding and treatment of multiple diseases, including mental illness.
An Improved-Cross Layer Scheduling model for intelligent home networks

We daily add more devices and services into existing intelligent home networks. Consequently, various networking standards evolutions being experienced world over have not left home networks behind. These evolutions results in competition and depletion of the available limited resources. Consumers therefore, experience unavailable, unreliable and poor performing network both locally and remotely. In this paper, we present an Improved-Cross Layer Scheduling (CLS) model that optimizes performance of intelligent home networks. We have used Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) algorithm to dynamically schedule, align and prioritize network subnets, devices and services in the model. We have used Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) protocol to classify home network into six subnets. Consequently, we have used weighing factor numbers to classify subnet devices. Further, we have used Differentiated Service Code Points (DSCP) to classify supported home network services into six classes. Moreover, we have increased number of packets transmitted per Class of Service (CoS) iteratively. We have optimized each subnet and used the output of the preceding subnet as input to subsequent subnet. Equally, we have reduced delay between consecutive transmitting CoSs in the media. We have simulated our model and realized average network throughput of 99.735%, packet loss of 1.59% and delay of 1.82 milliseconds.
A painful foot: Lisfranc fracture-dislocations

A fit and well 25 year old man presented to the emergency department with a painful left foot after being tackled while playing football. His left foot had been in plantar flexion when he was tackled just as he was about to kick the ball. He could not continue playing but could bear weight straight away. His teammates brought him to the emergency department after the match because of increasing pain. A detailed clinical examination showed marked swelling over the dorsum of the left foot, tenderness in the dorsomedial midfoot, and plantar ecchymosis. Weight bearing anteroposterior, internal oblique (figs 1 and 2⇓), and lateral radiographs of the left foot showed a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation of the second tarsometatarsal joint. Fig 1 Weight bearing anteroposterior radiograph of both feet showing injury to the left foot—subtle diastasis between the metatarsal base and the medial cuneiform (white line) and malalignment of the medial border of the second metatarsal base with the medial border of the middle cuneiform (black lines) Fig 2 Weight bearing oblique radiograph of the left foot showing a more obvious opening between the second metatarsal base and the medial cuneiform (white lines) and an avulsion fracture from the medial border of the first metatarsal base (arrow) 1. What is the anatomy of the Lisfranc joint? 2. How do acute and chronic Lisfranc injuries usually present? 3. How do you investigate Lisfranc injuries? 4. How do you manage Lisfranc injuries? ### 1. What is the anatomy of the Lisfranc joint? #### Short answer The Lisfranc (tarsometatarsal) joints are formed by the five metatarsal bones distally and the cuboid bone and three cuneiform bones proximally. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform bone to the base of the second metatarsal. #### Discussion The Lisfranc joint is considered to be S shaped and is made up of three columns. The medial cuneiform bone and the first metatarsal make up the medial column. …
A compact MIMO antenna for wireless communication

This paper presents the design of a 2.65 GHz MIMO antenna with three equilateral triangular microstrip patches as the antenna elements. The wide-beam characteristics of a triangular-patch antenna, combined with the high gain of each antenna element, improve the SNR and interference rejection of the MIMO system. Through the analysis of mutual coupling and correlation between each pair of antenna ports, it is shown that the antenna achieves good polarization and directivity diversity. A high diversity gain can therefore be achieved.
A robust tracking method based on the correlation filter and correcting strategy

Visual tracking integrates the technology of image processing and pattern recognition, etc., which has a lot of potential applications, such as automatic driving, safety monitoring, etc. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the Kernelized Correlation Filter (KCF) and Tracking-Learning-Detection (TLD), which are two kinds of trackers. TLD tracker has correcting capability whereas its performance highly depends on the tracker, which is not robust to some cases, such as tracking non-grid objects. Inversely, KCF achieves good performance in tracking non-grid objects. However, KCF behaves badly in the presence of occlusion and out-of-view and it cannot correct errors during the tracking process. According to the characteristics of the KCF and TLD, this paper proposes a robust tracking method based on the correlation filter and correcting strategy. By using the advantages of the KCF and TLD, the proposed method achieves high tracking accuracy and correcting capability. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods (KCF, TLD, Struck, SCM, ASLA, MTT and DFT) according to the success and precision plots of OPE, SRE, and TRE, respectively.
Relaxation of entangled polymers at the classical gel point

We examine the relaxation behaviour of an entangled cross-linked polymer gel as it approaches the gel point in mean field (Flory-Stockmayer) percolation. The calculation is based on a tube model for the topological interactions in which stress is lost via hierarchical fluctuation of the primitive paths between cross-links. The decay time of a segment is calculated via a recursion relation which has an analytic solution near the gel point. The startling conclusion is that all clusters relax in a finite time T~ giving a relaxation modulus G (t ) = Go 03B3-2[03B1-1 ln (T~/t)]4, where 03B1 counts the number of entanglements between cross-links and 03B3 is a constant of order unity. For timescales much shorter than T~ this may resemble a weak power law. The unphysically rapid relaxation of the largest clusters is prevented by a transition to percolation statistics at long length scales. The timescale separating the two regimes is close to