Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Report on Birs Workshop 05w5004 Written

The BIRS conference "Mathematical Biology of the Cell: Cytoskeleton and Motility" (05w5004) took place on July 16 21, 2005. The motivation for this workshop was that cell biology and mathematics have traditionally been distinct areas of science, each with its own techniques, culture, and set of interests. Until recent times, the only points of contact were a few key biophysical concepts (with relevant mathematical formulation) that were applied in a cell biology context. However, this situation has changed within the last 5-6 years, as a result of explosive growth of computational biology that was accompanied by the use of mathematical, as well as of purely computational methods to gain a deeper understanding of the cell. Partly, this growth was stimulated by an outcome of a number of seminal publications that crossed a barrier between cell biologists and mathematicians. Some of these, notably [1-3], are now cited throughout the biological literature, because they helped to answer important questions of interest to biologists. At the same time, this theoretical work was based on sophisticated methods of applied mathematics (singular perturbation theory, dynamical systems, nonlinear partial differential equations) in the form of novel mathematical models. Much work is now carried out at the interface between the two sciences, in partnerships between experimentalists and theoreticians.
What is behind the recent slowdown

Germany has been at the sharp end of the manufacturing slowdown. The Ifo business climate indices by sector in Graph 2 highlight the weakness in manufacturing and in trade, and their contrast with the relatively stronger picture in the services and property sectors. These two domestically oriented sectors (services and property) have so far supported employment and domestic consumption in Germany, although this divergence cannot be expected to continue indefinitely.
Decentralized Approach to Secure IoT based Networks using Blockchain Technology

Emerging Technologies of Fourth Industrial Revolution such as Internet of Things has the potential to change the way we are living today and interact with information systems and devices. From a small device like a simple glucose monitor of healthcare sector to Autonomous cars from transportation industry, IoT plays a vital role in connected information, human interaction and data. At the same instance, IoT deals with personalized human and quite important data from various types of devices, a small loophole can be a reason to bring disastrous impact on human lives, a minor vulnerability in IoT networks may challenge the complete cycle of IoT network. It may generate calamity type of event, not only in information systems but also on the physical human lives as well, because of a single point of failure as IoT based networks usually deployed on centralized systems. In this paper, we are proposing a decentralized approach to remove single point of failure with the help of new layer of security based on Blockchain technology as advancement in securing IoT networks.
Gut microbiome-Mediterranean diet interactions in improving host health

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in host health and disease. Host diet is one of the most significant modulators of the gut microbial community and its metabolic activities. Evidence demonstrates that dietary patterns such as the ‘Western diet’ and perturbations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis) have strong associations with a wide range of human diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, consumption of Mediterranean-style diets is considered healthy and associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, colorectal cancers and many other diseases. Such beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet might be attributed to high proportion of fibers, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and polyphenols. Concurrent literature has demonstrated beneficial modulation of the gut microbiome following a Mediterranean-style diet in humans as well as in experimental animal models such as rodents. We recently demonstrated similar positive changes in the gut microbiome of non-human primates consuming a Mediterranean-style diet for long term (30 months). Therefore, it is rational to speculate that this positive modulation of the gut microbiome diversity, composition and function is one of the main factors intermediating the health effects of Mediterranean diet on the host. The present perspective discusses the evidences that the Mediterranean diet induces gut microbiome modulation in rodents, non-human primates and human subjects, and discusses the potential role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites as one of the fundamental catalysts intermediating various beneficial health effects of Mediterranean diet on the host.
Cryptocurrency:A New Asset in Portfolio

After the meltdown of all markets in the year 2008, investors were searching for asset classes that would have very little or no correlation with stock market and its volitality. Crypto currency in the form of Bitcoin, came into being in the year 2009 by a process called mining. Block chain technology was used to mine this crypto-currency and since then, more than 1000 altcoins and crypto- tokens have been created and at least of them are traded actively on unregulated exchanges. This entire class of crypto currency have been in some countries recognized as commodities. If crypto currencies are viewed as commodities,their risk and return structures have to be analyzed for it to be incorporated in any portfolio. This paper sets out to understand crypto-currencies and explore the risk and return characteristics using a portfolio currency represented by Crypto-currency Index (CRIX). The pros and cons of Cryptocurrency as an asset class in a portfolio has also been assessed based upon the research conducted worldwide.
Desenvolvimento de Modelos Computacionais para Avaliação Preditiva de Ecotoxicidade em Abelhas: Desafios Atuais

Os produtos químicos perigosos, especialmente os agrotóxicos e produtos químicos industriais, vem sendo considerados responsáveis por uma queda dramática no número das abelhas. Consequentemente, a avaliação de risco ecológico de novos produtos químicos é vital e necessária. Uma vez que os ensaios experimentais em abelhas são caros, demorados e apresentam um problema ético, existe uma necessidade muito urgente de desenvolver métodos alternativos para avaliar a ecotoxicidade em abelhas. Na presente revisão, nós apresentamos os principais avanços tecnológicos utilizados para identificar e filtrar com segurança, compostos potencialmente tóxicos para abelhas. Em seguida, nós destacamos os principais esforços e armadilhas na integração, preparo e padronização de dados necessários para construção de modelos computacionais e sugerimos roteiros que possam contribuir para otimizar os resultados da pesquisa e conduzir a construção de modelos computacionais mais eficientes e preditivos.
The Crossmodal Congruency Effect, a Tool Incorporation Metric, Suffers from a Learning Effect with Repeated Exposures

The incorporation of a tool into a person’s body representation is well established. Quantitative measures play an important role in assessing tool incorporation levels for tool use paradigms. The crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) is used to quantify tool incorporation without being susceptible to experimenter biases. The crossmodal congruency task is a visual-tactile interference task that is used to calculate the CCE score as a difference in response time for incongruent and congruent trials. Here we show that this metric is susceptible to a learning effect that causes attenuation of the CCE score due to repeated task exposure sessions. This study investigated the conditions under which CCE scores attenuated due to task overexposure and tested if a modified version of the crossmodal congruency task could reduce the learning effect. Our work also sought to examine if the attenuated CCE scores returned to baseline values after a period of time. Thirty subjects were tested up to a maximum of ten times and four of these subjects were retested after a four month delay period. We show that CCE score reduced as early as the second exposure with a 14.5% drop between first and second exposures (p=0.027). Importantly, we found evidence that a modified version of the crossmodal congruency task, in which each exposure was reduced from eight to four test blocks, reduced the drop between first and second exposure from an average of 14.5% to 6.5% without significantly increasing variability of the measurement. Additionally, we found that three out of four subjects that were retested after a four month period returned to near-baseline CCE scores. This study highlights the importance of limiting exposure to the crossmodal congruency task, and proposes a modified approach to improve the use of this psychophysical assessment in the future.
Anaemia in pregnancy: A public health problem in Enugu, South-east Nigeria

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy at booking and to determine factors associated with its occurrence in order to proffer solutions. This was a 12-month cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic for the first time (booking visit) at ESUTTH, Enugu, Nigeria from 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2010. Sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers were extracted using an already prepared proforma. The blood haemoglobin concentration and HIV status of the women were determined and the results were analysed. The prevalence rate of anaemia in pregnancy was 64.1%. Based on severity, 94.6%, 4.3%, 1.1% of them had mild, moderate and severe anaemia. The mean age of the anaemic women was significantly lower than that of the non-anaemic women (p = 0.0001). Those that had no formal education and those that booked for antenatal care in the 3rd trimester had a significantly higher prevalence of anaemia. HIV-positive pregnant women had a significantly higher prevalence of anaemia than HIV-negative pregnant women (p = 0.0072, odds ratio 2.37). It was concluded that the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy from the study is unacceptably high. To achieve Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, efforts must be geared towards its prevention to ensure a healthy baby and mother.
Strikes and Lockouts in Sweden : Reconsidering Raphael’s List of Work Stoppages 1859-1902

This paper presents and discusses a recently digitized, dataset of strikes and lockouts in Sweden for the period 1859-1902. The dataset, which originally was collected by Axel Raphael by retrospectively browsing through newspapers, pre-dates the Swedish official statistics on work stoppages that began in 1903. Whereas Raphael’s data have been used to illustrate the long-run development of strikes, labour historians have been hesitant or completely dismissive towards the usefulness of his work. This paper reviews, and deepens previous assessments of Raphael’s data and compares his data with the official statistics for the period after 1903. This renewed assessment leads to three conclusions. Firstly, the coverage of the data is much better after 1885 than before. Trends and fluctuations in conflict frequency obtained from Raphael’s data for the later period are probably accurate. Secondly, there are also in the later period a lot of missing information in how conflicts are described, for example with regard to number of participants and outcomes. Thirdly, there are good opportunities to complement, and enhance, Raphael’s dataset by browsing through more newspapers or consulting other sources.
Operation of multi Carrier microgrid (MCMG) considering demand response

V. Amir , Sh. Jadid 2, , M. Ehsan 3 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Accurate Measurements of Spectral Density of Phase Noise in Devices

Systematic errors larger than 10 dB can occur in the measurement of the spectral density of phase unless considerable caution is exercised. Some potential problems due to the shape of the analyzer passband and the Fourier frequency dependence of mixers are discussed. Three measurement systems are analyzed to determine the conditions under which they may be used to make spectral density measurements with an accuracy of 0.2 dB.
Design of ASIC Dedicated to Thermal Analysis of Many-Core Architectures

This paper presents Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) designed for verification of thermal coupling analysis in many-core processors based on logicthermal simulations. The paper contains a detailed description of the test ASIC composed of a 16x24 array of power cells which are treated as heat sources. A rectangular matrix of appropriately configured heat source can simulate the behavior of a real core. The size of the heat cell array is set in order to facilitate thermal simulations of many-core processors with different granularity. The most important electrical parameters of the power (heat) cell are presented in this paper together with layout requirements that have to be met in order to ensure proper heat distribution in the chip.
Novel Strategies for Glutamate Clearance in the Glia-Deprived Synaptic Hub of C. elegans

Brain function requires the ability to form neuronal circuits that mediate focused and accurate communication. Since the vast majority of brain synapses use Glutamate (Glu) as their neurotransmitter, unintended spillover of Glu between adjacent synapses is a critical challenge. To ensure accurate neurotransmission and avert synaptic mix-up, specialized Glu Transporters (GluTs) clear the synapse of released Glu. While classical views of neuronal morphology and physiology depict isolated spiny synapses enwrapped by GluT-expressing glia, in reality, a considerable portion of synapses are flat, glial coverage in some parts of the brain is rather sparse, and extracellular space is larger than previously estimated. This suggests that diffusion in interstitial fluids might have an important role in Glu clearance in these synapses. To understand basic principles of Glu clearance in flat-, glia-deprived synapses, we study the physiology of neuronal circuits in the C. elegans nerve ring, the nematode’s aspiny synaptic hub. We use behavioral assays, Ca2+ imaging, and iGluSnFR to follow synaptic activity in intact animals. We find that synapses in a nociceptive avoidance circuit are dramatically affected by distal GluTs, while an adjacent chemoattraction circuit is controlled by proximal GluTs. We also find that pharyngeal pulsatility and mobility, which could agitate interstitial fluids, are critical for synaptic physiology. We therefore conclude that robust Glu clearance in the nematode is provided differentially by distal and proximal GluTs, aided by agitation of interstitial fluids. Such principles might be informative in determining additional factors that contribute to robust Glu clearance in other neuronal systems. Significance Statement The nervous system depends on faithful relay of information without inadvertent mixing of signals between neuronal circuits. Classical views of the nervous system depict isolated synapses, enwrapped by glia that express neurotransmitter-transporters. However, this view is incomplete, since many synapses are flat, deprived of glia, and exposed to a larger-than-expected extracellular space. We use optogenetic tools to investigate glutamate clearance strategies in the aspiny and glia-deprived synaptic hub of intact nematodes. We find a division of labor among Glutamate transporters: while some transporters display classical localization near the synapses, others are distal, and cooperate with agitation of interstitial fluids to prevent glutamate accumulation. These novel principles might contribute to synaptic clearance in higher animals, affecting normal neuronal physiology and disease.
DESIGN OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM

Аbstract — The synchronous generator with permanent magnets is proposed as an effective mean for transformation mechanical energy in electrical one under its use in wind energy plant with vertical rotors. It is considered the design problem of synchronous generator with permanent magnets. It is shown that this problem is the problem of conditional multicriteria optimization. The objective functions of this task are: machine cost, energy loss, weight loss, torque of rotation. The approach of its transformation into unconditional multicriteria optimization is proposed. Based on analysis of magnetic field it is determined the basic parameters of generator which strong influence on its efficiency. For the problem solution of given problem it is used the genetic algorithm. The structure of chromosome is determined. The results of design are represented.
Firm Export Dynamics and the Exchange Rate: A Quantitative Exploration

We develop a quantitative theoretical model of firm dynamics to analyze key determinants of the elasticity of exports with respect to the exchange rate. The model incorporates mechanisms that determine the firms? capacity to react when the profitability of exports change due to fluctuations in the exchange rate. The framework allows for a quantitative assessment of different mechanisms: distribution costs represent the most important factor, as well as the exogenous and gradual growth dynamics of new exporters, and the currency denomination of sunk-entry costs into the foreign market. The different versions of the model are evaluated by contrasting the behavior of simulated variables with empirical estimates and evidence found in the literature. In addition, we present an assessment of the effects on the intensive and extensive margins of exports.
Nonlinear Mechanics of Biopolymer Networks

The progress of modern biology demands an interdisciplinary approach to research, bridging the gap between previously disparate fields. This thesis presents a study of the elasticity and microstructure of neurofilaments, which are the primary constituents of neurons, providing the essential mechanical support to resist external stresses. To probe the underlying mechanical properties of neurofilaments, we use a model system composed of reconstituted neurofilaments purfied from bovine spinal cords. We use a combination of bulk rheology, microrheology, and confocal microscopy to determine both mechanical and structural properties of networks of neurofilaments at a variety of length scales. Our focus is to elucidate the origins of elasticity in these networks. A remarkable feature of neurofilament networks is the pronounced nonlinearity in the elastic response; its characterization is essential to understanding the mechanical properties of the network. Such nonlinear response is highly unusual in typical soft materials and thus demands careful measurement techniques to fully characterize. We present a new method, inertio-elastic oscillations, to characterize nonlinear elasticity and dissipation at each stress, and show that this method has advantages over other techniques. This method utilizes the coupling of the sample’s elasticity to the rheometer’s inertia to probe the viscoelasticity of the network. We combine this technique with other measurements of both the linear and nonlinear elasticity to probe the viscoelastic properties of neurofilament networks. These networks are soft solids that exhibit dramatic strain stiffening above critical strains of 30-70%. Their viscoelastic properties are remarkably similar to that of cross-linked networks of filamentous acitn, another major cytoskeletal network. However, there are no known cross-linking proteins for neurofilaments; instead, we find that surprisingly, divalent ions, such as Mg, Ca, and Zn, act as effective cross-linkers for neurofilament networks, controlling their solid-like elastic response. Moreover, similar cross-linking behavior by divalent ions is observed for networks of a second intermediate filament, vimentin, confirming the generality of ionic cross-linking. We show that the elasticity of neurofilament networks is entropic in origin and is consistent with a model for cross-linked semiflexible networks, which we use to quantify the cross-linking by divalent ions.
ENERGY-EFFICIENT CODING MATRIX FMD-RDA SECURE TRANSMISSION SCHEME BASED ON QUADRATURE SPATIAL MODULATION FOR MMWAVE SYSTEMS

Artificial noise (AN) aided method in mmWave is hard to realize due to large transmit antennas and also requires additional power. This paper proposes coding matrix secure transmission based on quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) utilizing a frequency modulated diverse retrospective array (FMD-RDA). Specifically, we adopt coding matrix for frequency increment with QSM symbols to form part of FMD-RDA angular-range array factor. Consequently, low probability of detection (LPD) is created during the QSM transmission without additional power. The desired receiver should know the particular coding matrix a priori. Importantly, the system has automatic user tracking ability with no channel state information (CSI) needed at the desired receiver and can handle receivers with highly correlated channels. Further, secrecy outage probability (SOP), asymptotic lower bound on eavesdropper’s (Eve’s) detecting error probability and average data leakage rate are analyzed without Eve’s CSI. Simulation results show that increasing the coding matrix, satisfactory secrecy is attained for the proposed scheme. Moreover, through the results certain essential secrecy information has been highlighted that is not captured by the classical SOP making the proposed scheme an attractive technique for QSM applications.
EMPLEO DEL AGUA DE MAR CON SANGUAZA EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOMASA MICROALGAS DE NANNOCHLOROPOSIS OCEANICA EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO

El objetivo de la investigacion fue determinar el efecto que produce la aplicacion del agua de mar con sanguaza en la produccion de biomasa micro alga de Nannochloropsisoceanica en condiciones de laboratorio. en la metodologia se realizo una investigacion explicativa experimental. La poblacion estuvo conformada por la microalga clorofila Nannochloropsisoceanica. La muestra fueron alicuotas del cultivo de Nannochloropsisoceanica tomadas diariamente por un tiempo de 10 dias, a las cuales se les evaluo pH, temperatura y conteo celular. Nos dio como resultado las concentraciones del medio heterotrofico sanguaza/agua de mar 5,0% y 10% v/v los cuales presentaron el mayor numero de celulas/ml producidas en 144 horas de crecimiento. En conclusion se demuestra la potencialidad de uso del medio heterotrofico sanguaza/agua de mar en estudios escalables a nivel piloto de produccion de biomasa micro alga de Nannochloropsisoceanica. Palabras clave: Cinetica de Crecimiento, Nannochloroposisoceanica, Sanguaza, Fotobiorreactor
26 GHz phase shifters for multi-beam nolen matrix towards fifth generation (5G) technology

This paper presents the designs of phase shifters for multi-beam Nolen matrix towards the fifth generation (5G) technology at 26 GHz. The low-cost, lightweight and compact size 0° and 45° loaded stubs and chamfered 90°, 135° and 180° Schiffman phase shifters are proposed at 26 GHz. An edge at a corner of the 50 Ω microstrip line Schiffman phase shifter is chamfered to reduce the excess capacitance and unwanted reflection. However, the Schiffman phase shifter topology is not relevant to be applied for the phase shifter less than 45° as it needs very small arc bending at 26 GHz. The stubs are loaded to the phase shifter in order to obtain electrical lengths, which are less than 45°. The proposed phase shifters provide return loss better than 10 dB, insertion loss of -0.97 dB and phase difference imbalance of ± 4.04° between 25.75GHz and 26.25 GHz. The Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and substrate thickness of 0.254 mm is implemented in the designs.