Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary culture of adult rat hepatocytes after 48‐hour preservation of the liver with cold UW solution

Rat livers were perfused and stored for 48 hr in cold University of Wisconsin solution before dissociation by the two‐step collagenase method. At that time, glycogen content was significantly reduced, but no obvious changes in albumin, β‐actin and aldolase B mRNAs and in glutathione levels were observed. Enzymatic perfusion yielded 280 ± 30 × 106 viable hepatocytes vs. 520 ± 40 × 106 viable hepatocytes from unstored organs. Cell viability determined by trypan blue exclusion was 74% and 90%, respectively. Hepatocytes from University of Wisconsin—preserved livers had a 29% reduced adenosine triphosphate content, but glutathione levels did not significantly differ from those found in unstored cells. When put into culture, hepatocytes formed typical monolayers of granular epithelial cells and did not exhibit alteration of their fine structure when compared with cells from unstored organs. After 24 and 48 hr, they showed variations in cytochrome P‐450 content and ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase activity similar to those observed with unstored cells. By contrast, overall protein synthesis and albumin secretion rate were 40% and 30% lower, respectively. Hepatocytes from University of Wisconsin—preserved organs could be cryopreserved and further cultured as unstored cells. The University of Wisconsin solution was also used to preserve isolated hepatocytes. Viability of freshly isolated hepatocytes was decreased by only 10% after 48 hr of hypothermic liver storage when assayed by intracellular lactate dehydrogenase content. However, after 4 hr of storage, in contrast with hepatocytes preserved in L15 Leibovitz medium, the cells attached poorly to plastic and exhibited morphological alterations. These results show that rat hepatocytes are still viable, well functional and able to survive in culture after 48 hr University of Wisconsin preservation of the liver and suggest that isolated hepatocytes survive better in a culture medium than in this organ storage solution. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1329–1336).
Physical Interaction of Mammalian CDC37 with CDK4*

CDC37 was originally identified as a Start gene in budding yeast and has been shown to be required for association of CDC28 with cyclins. The exact functional mechanism by which CDC37 promotes this association, however, remains unknown. CDK4 is a cyclin D-dependent kinase that controls progression through G1 of the mammalian cell cycle. We have detected a specific association of CDK4 with the molecular chaperon HSP90 and a 44-kDa protein that we identify as mammalian CDC37. A physical interaction between CDC37 and CDK4 suggests that CDC37 may regulate the mammalian cell cycle through a direct effect on CDK4. Association of CDK4 with both CDC37 and HSP90 may also imply a mechanistic link between the functions of CDC37 and HSP90.
The effect of internal auditor competence and objectivity, and management support on effectiveness of internal audit function and financial reporting quality implications at local government

Governmental internal auditors have an important function at the central and local government, but the internal audit function is still not effective, and needs to be improved. Therefore, this research aims to examine the effect of the internal auditor competence and objectivity, and management support on the effectiveness of the internal audit function, and its implication on the quality of financial reporting. This research uses survey method with description verification approach, and it is conducted on local government at Java Island, Indonesia. Primary data was statistically tested by using SEM partial least square (PLS). This research has shown that the internal auditor competence and objectivity, and management support have significant influence to the effectiveness of the internal audit function. Moreover, the internal auditor competence and objectivity and the effectiveness of the internal audit function have significant influence to the financial reporting quality.
Long-term safety of etanercept in psoriasis: Retrospective study focused on infections

Objective Retrospective study to evaluate the incidence of infectious adverse events in patients with psoriasis treated with etanercept. Methods Patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis who were treated with etanercept (50 mg, administered weekly via subcutaneous injection) for ≥48 weeks were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were screened for occult infections before treatment commenced, and then every 12 months thereafter. Minor (not requiring hospitalization and/or discontinuation of treatment) and major (requiring hospitalization and/or discontinuation of treatment) infectious events were recorded. Results The study included 50 patients. Minor infectious events included self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections (six patients), lower urinary tract infections (one patient) and recurrent herpes simplex labialis (two patients). Major infections occurred in only two cases. Conclusion These data support the good safety profile of etanercept in patients with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis.
Improving image quality and interactivity in free-viewpoint video transmission

Free-viewpoint video, which enables us to change viewpoint of the video freely, attracts rising attention as visual media. Transmitting such media over an IP network, the network delay deteriorates qualities of the media. In this paper, we propose three types of control for the depth and image transmission method in free-viewpoint video transmission. One is buffering control, another is prediction control, and the other is a combination use of both types of control. The buffering control buffers the viewpoint information, and the prediction control predicts the information. We investigate the effects of the three types of control by Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. Assessment results show that the optimum buffering time and optimum prediction time exist in the buffering control and the prediction control, respectively. Also, the buffering control improves the image quality, but the interactivity is degraded. The image quality becomes higher by the prediction control. Furthermore, there exist the optimum values of the buffering time and prediction time in the combination use, and the use further improves QoE.
Membranous Bone Lengthening: A Serial Histological Study

Bone lengthening using the process of corticotomy and gradual distraction of callus is applicable to the membranous bone of the canine mandible. In this study the precursors to bone formation, in the area between the distracted bone edges, are analyzed in an attempt to determine the mechanism of bone formation. Ten mongrel dogs 5 months of age were studied. A unilateral, periosteal-preserving angular corticotomy was performed, and an external bone-lengthening device was fixed to the mandible. After 10 days of external fixation, the mandible was lengthened 1 ml per day for 20 days and then held in external fixation for 8 weeks. The dogs were killed for histological and microradiographic study at 10 and 20 days of distraction, and at 14, 28, and 56 days after the completion of distraction. It was observed that the gap between the distracted bone edges is first occupied by fibrous tissue. As distraction proceeds, the fibrous tissue becomes longitudinally oriented in the direction of distraction. Early bone formation advances along the fibrous tissue, starting from the cut bone ends. Eventually the area is converted to mature cortical bone. Bone is formed predominantly by intramembranous ossification. This mechanism is similar to that of bone formation during long bone lengthening.
Intestinal parasites in children hospitalized at the Central Hospital in Maputo, Mozambique.

INTRODUCTION Intestinal parasites are important contributors to the global disease burden, especially in children of low-income countries. The present study determined the frequency of intestinal parasites in children hospitalized at the diarrhea section of the Infectious-Contagious Diseases ward and at the Malnutrition ward of the Department of Pediatrics of the Maputo Central Hospital in Mozambique. METHODOLOGY This pilot study conducted between February and March 2009 enrolled a total of 93 children between 1.5 and 48.2 months of age; 87.1% were younger than 24 months. Parasite detection in stool samples was achieved using direct microscopic observation and Ritchie's concentration technique. RESULTS Infection with pathogenic intestinal parasites was detected in 16.1% (15/93) of the children. Giardia duodenalis and Trichuris trichiura were the most common parasites (6.5%, 6/93 each), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (2.2%, 2/93). One case of mixed infection with A. lumbricoides plus T. trichiura was also detected. CONCLUSION This study reinforces the importance of routinely examining stool samples for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites (including protozoa) in children hospitalized in endemic areas.
Cantharidin, a potent and selective PP2A inhibitor, induces an oxidative stress‐independent growth inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells through G2/M cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis

Cantharidin is an active constituent of mylabris, a traditional Chinese medicine. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that plays an important role in control of cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell‐fate determination. Owing to its antitumor activity, cantharidin has been frequently used in clinical practice. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of cantharidin in pancreatic cancer. Cantharidin efficiently inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells, but presented a much lighter toxicity effect against normal pancreatic duct cells. It caused G2/M cell‐cycle arrest that was accompanied by the down‐regulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and up‐regulation of p21 expression. It induced apoptosis and elevated the expressions of pro‐apoptotic factors tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), TNF‐related apoptosis inducing receptor 1 (TRAILR1), TRAILR2, Bad, Bak, and Bid, and decreased the expression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2. Activation of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 suggested that both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are involved in the induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, unlike previous studies on other cancer cells, we found that the inhibitory role of cantharidin is independent of oxidative stress in pancreatic cancer cells. Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including ERK, JNK, and p38, were activated after treatment with cantharidin. Inhibition of JNK, but not ERK or p38, alleviated the cytotoxity effect of cantharidin, suggesting cantharidin exerted its anticancer effect through the JNK‐dependent way. Hence, in addition to being an attractive candidate compound with therapeutic potential, cantharidin also highlighted the possibility of using PP2A as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
GENETIC STUDY: Smoking status moderates the association of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene VNTR polymorphism with selective processing of smoking‐related cues

Recently, a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene has been reported to be associated with greater craving and more attention to smoking cues, following a cue‐elicited craving procedure. We investigated whether the DRD4 VNTR 7‐repeat polymorphism is associated with selective processing of smoking‐related stimuli, using a modified Stroop task, and whether smoking status moderates this association. Thirty‐one current smokers and 17 ex‐smokers attended a single testing session and completed the modified Stroop task. The experimental design included two between‐subjects factors of smoking status (current smoker, ex‐smoker) and DRD4 genotype (short, long). The DRD4 VNTR polymorphism was associated with selective processing of smoking‐related stimuli in ex‐smokers but not in current smokers. Our data, therefore, provide partial support for our primary hypothesis and extend on previous work which suggests a role for variation at the DRD4 locus in modulating reactivity to drug‐related cues.
Isolation and Characterization of Dinitrogen-Fixing Bacteria from the Rhizosphere of Temperate Cereals and Forage Grasses

N2(C2H2)-fixing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of various cereals and forage grasses grown in the greenhouse and from the rhizosphere of field-grown wheat in Sweden. All 46 isolates from the greenhouse plants lost their nitrogenase activity during purification. By imposing a stronger selection pressure, we obtained pure isolates with nitrogenase activity from field-grown wheat. Some isolates were identified as Enterobacter agglomerans and Bacillus polymyxa, but several bacteria of uncertain taxonomy also occurred. One of the isolates grew and reduced acetylene only in the presence of other bacteria or certain vitamins. Species of Azotobacter or Azospirillum could not be isolated from the rhizosphere of any of the cereals and forage grasses studied.
Detection of Sentinel Nodes for Endometrial Cancer With Robotic Assisted Fluorescence Imaging: Cervical Versus Hysteroscopic Injection

Objective Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with indocyanine green (ICG) detected by robotic near infrared (NIR) imaging is a feasible technique. The optimal site of injection (cervical or endometrial) for endometrial cancer has yet to be determined. We prospectively evaluated SLN mapping after cervical and endometrial injections of ICG to compare the detection rates and patterns of nodal distribution. Methods Twenty-nine subjects with endometrial cancer undergoing robotic hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy by a single surgeon received SLN mapping with robotic fluorescence imaging. Seventeen patients received cervical injections of 1 mg of ICG and 12 patients received hysteroscopic endometrial injections of 0.5-mg ICG. Detection rates between the 2 groups were compared using Fisher exact tests. Continuous variables such as operating room times and body mass index were compared using t tests. Results The SLN detection rate was 82% (14/17) for cervical and 33% (4/12) for hysteroscopic injection (P = 0.027). Sentinel lymph nodes were seen bilaterally in 57% (8/14) of the cervical injection group and 50% (2/4) of the hysteroscopic group. Para-aortic SLNs were seen in 71% (10/14) of patients who mapped after cervical injection and 75% (3/4) patients who mapped after hysteroscopic injection. There was 1 false-negative SLN in the cervical injection group. Conclusions Cervical ICG injection achieves a higher SLN detection rate and a similar anatomic nodal distribution as hysteroscopic endometrial injection for SLN mapping in patients with endometrial cancer.
Norepinephrine and epidermal growth factor: Dynamics of their interaction in the stimulation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis

Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes are stimulated to enter DNA synthesis by norepinephrine (NE). This stimulation is maximal if the hepatocytes are incubated with NE for more than 12 hr, beginning no later than 2–4 hr after the cells are first plated. After 24 hr in culture, hepatocytes are unresponsive to NE stimulation. A strong synerergistic interaction between NE and epidermal growth factor (EGF) may be observed in cultures incubated with both EGF and NE, or pretreated with NE, then exposed to EGF. This interaction may be related to the finding that NE, in similarity with other factors that enhance EGF stimulation, reduces binding at the EGF receptor during the first 24 hr in culture.
Digital Predistortion Based on Combined Feedback in MIMO Transmitters

An adaptive digital predistortion (PD) technique is proposed for linearization of power amplifiers (PAs) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters. Instead of constructing a separate feedback path at each PA, we propose a PD technique based on a combined feedback, which adds all the PAs' outputs to form a single feedback. We develop an algorithm for finding the multiple PA characteristics jointly from the combined feedback. The PD parameters are calculated from the identified PA characteristics. Although the proposed method requires more computations for PA identification than the conventional method, its hardware implementation is much simpler and can overcome the crosstalk problem of a radio frequency (RF) selector, which is necessary for multiple feedback selection. The simulation results show that, despite its simple structure, the linearization performance of the proposed method is almost the same as the separate multiple feedback method.
Efavirenz Therapy in Rhesus Macaques Infected with a Chimera of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Containing Reverse Transcriptase from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT The specificity of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs) for the RT of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has prevented the use of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the study of NNRTIs and NNRTI-based highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, a SIV-HIV-1 chimera (RT-SHIV), in which the RT from SIVmac239 was replaced with the RT-encoding region from HIV-1, is susceptible to NNRTIs and is infectious to rhesus macaques. We have evaluated the antiviral activity of efavirenz against RT-SHIV and the emergence of efavirenz-resistant mutants in vitro and in vivo. RT-SHIV was susceptible to efavirenz with a mean effective concentration of 5.9 ± 4.5 nM, and RT-SHIV variants selected with efavirenz in cell culture displayed 600-fold-reduced susceptibility. The efavirenz-resistant mutants of RT-SHIV had mutations in RT similar to those of HIV-1 variants that were selected under similar conditions. Efavirenz monotherapy of RT-SHIV-infected macaques produced a 1.82-log-unit decrease in plasma viral-RNA levels after 1 week. The virus load rebounded within 3 weeks in one treated animal and more slowly in a second animal. Virus isolated from these two animals contained the K103N and Y188C or Y188L mutations. The RT-SHIV-rhesus macaque model may prove useful for studies of antiretroviral drug combinations that include efavirenz.
Reducing Test Cost and Improving Documentation In TDD (Test Driven Development)

In the fast pace business world of today where competition and technology are at their zenith, software development companies need to improve their quality standards in addition to cost reduction in operations. To achieve these challenging objectives various developments are on the verge. In recent past agile methodologies have emerged as one of the most efficient implementations in the world of software development arena. Especially eXtreme programming (XP) which is integrated by test first approach recent research proves the emergence of test driven development (TDD) from this concept which is based on formalizing the requirement as a test and secondly to write such a code that can pass the test. This attempt of our research provides a mechanism to reduce the cost of testing, mainly due to troublesome test which fails again and again. We used TDD, analyzed the problem and proposed a workable solution. Test driven development is a technique which encourages less documentation resulting in a lot of difficulties for developers in contrast to traditional methods. In order to reduce the burden on developers we have proposed some steps in documentation
Development of an underwater oscillatory propulsion system using shape memory alloy

A fish-like propulsion system seems to be an efficient alternative to propellers in small underwater vehicles. This paper focuses on the design of a bionic structure of an oscillatory propulsion system, which originates from a sufficient analysis of the anatomical structure of a vivid fish, through application of artificial muscles (shape memory alloy) as its main driver. Meanwhile, we simplified the oscillatory propulsion system. Then, we gave a detailed dynamic analysis and established the quantitative relationship among parameters depending on the torque balance equation. Finally, the control system implementation for oscillatory motion was described. The results from the experiment indicate that the oscillatory propulsion system works well.
Mortgage Finance and Culture

Using a nationally representative sample of 12,344 immigrants from 41 different countries of ancestry living in Spain in 2007, we find that the higher the housing-loan penetration in the country of ancestry, the higher the likelihood of having a mortgage in Spain. Similarly, the higher the mortgage depth in the country of ancestry, the higher the present value of the monthly mortgage payments. Our results suggest that social norms regarding mortgage finance in the country of ancestry matter in determining immigrants' mortgage finance in the host country. More specifically, the effect of social norms on the decision to have a mortgage (the extensive margin) and the amount of the mortgage payments (the intensive margin) is about one third and tenth the size of the effect of having a college degree on mortgage debt, respectively. Evidence of strong persistence of culture among those with longer tenure in the host country, those who immigrated as children or young adults, and second-generation immigrants suggests that vertical transmission of beliefs (from parents to children) is a plausible channel of transmission. Perhaps most importantly, we find that cultural attitudes regarding property rights are most relevant when explaining individuals' decision to get a mortgage, but those regarding credit information matter most when explaining the amount of the mortgage debt.
Filtering of anomalous weather events and tracing their behavior

Every year different parts of the world are affected by anomalous weather events like heavy rainfall, drought and snowfall. As it affects the life of people, the prediction of extreme events and tracing their behaviors at an earlier stage is more important in the field of meteorology. In this paper, the anomalous weather events are filtered by using the Anomaly Frequency Method (AFM). The tracing of the extreme weather events are made by using the subspace clustering method. Based on the distance based quality function the best cluster which has been traced is evaluated. Cluster tracing describes about the similarity behaviour tracing over time. The nature of the anomalous weather events and their movement in different dimensional spaces are described using the subspace cluster tracing method. These clusters are approximated by the construction of hypercube which results in improved tracing of the weather events. Therefore this method provides better results for the filtering and tracing of the anomalous weather events.