Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Reduction in Ribonucleotide Reductase Activity Slows Down the Chromosome Replication Fork but Does Not Change Its Localization

Background It has been proposed that the enzymes of nucleotide biosynthesis may be compartmentalized or concentrated in a structure affecting the organization of newly replicated DNA. Here we have investigated the effect of changes in ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activity on chromosome replication and organization of replication forks in Escherichia coli. Methodology/Principal Findings Reduced concentrations of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) obtained by reducing the activity of wild type RNR by treatment with hydroxyurea or by mutation, resulted in a lengthening of the replication period. The replication fork speed was found to be gradually reduced proportionately to moderate reductions in nucleotide availability. Cells with highly extended C periods showed a “delay” in cell division i.e. had a higher cell mass. Visualization of SeqA structures by immunofluorescence indicated no change in organization of the new DNA upon moderate limitation of RNR activity. Severe nucleotide limitation led to replication fork stalling and reversal. Well defined SeqA structures were not found in situations of extensive replication fork repair. In cells with stalled forks obtained by UV irradiation, considerable DNA compaction was observed, possibly indicating a reorganization of the DNA into a “repair structure” during the initial phase of the SOS response. Conclusion/Significance The results indicate that the replication fork is slowed down in a controlled manner during moderate nucleotide depletion and that a change in the activity of RNR does not lead to a change in the organization of newly replicated DNA. Control of cell division but not control of initiation was affected by the changes in replication elongation.
PHTHALOCYANINE FLUORESCENCE IN TUMORS DURING PDT

Abstract— Athymic nude mice with human tumors transplanted to one of the hind legs were given aluminium phthalocyanine disulfonate (AlPcS2) intraperitoneally. Twenty‐four hours after the injection the mice were placed with the tumor in the sample position in a fluorescence spectrometer with modulated excitation. Exposure of the tumors to laser light at a fluence rate of50–200 mW/cm2 led to a rapid transient reduction by up to 50% of the phthalocyanine fluorescence of the tumor. After the laser irradiation the fluence rate of the fluorescence increased almost up to the initial value within a few minutes. This finding should be taken into account when optimal fluence rates and dose fractionation schemes are sought for photodynamic therapy.
Discrete-time Indefinite LQ Control with State and Control Dependent Noises

This paper deals with the discrete-time stochastic LQ problem involving state and control dependent noises, whereas the weighting matrices in the cost function are allowed to be indefinite. In this general setting, it is shown that the well-posedness and the attainability of the LQ problem are equivalent. Moreover, a generalized difference Riccati equation is introduced and it is proved that its solvability is necessary and sufficient for the existence of an optimal control which can be either of state feedback or open-loop form. Furthermore, the set of all optimal controls is identified in terms of the solution to the proposed difference Riccati equation.
The Autosomal Dominant Dystonias

Dystonia is a term used to describe a specific set of abnormal movements that can occur as a symptom of a variety of neurologic disorders, but also as a disease entity in its own right. This review focuses on the primary dystonias and delineates the genetic contribution to these disorders. Included is a description of the well recognized forms of primary dystonias which manifest autosomal dominant inheritance, especially the “classic” type of early onset, generalized torsion dystonia, but also other clinically distinct forms such as myoclonic dystonia, paroxysmal dystonia, and DOPA‐responsive dystonia. Also, a summary of the molecular genetic studies pertinent to these disorders and a discussion of the implications of recent genetic research for delineating the wide spectrum of this pheno‐typically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases are forthcoming.
China’s Aggregate Impacts on the Exports and GDP of Asian Countries

This study investigates China’s new economy to estimate the impacts of China on Asian countries. For the period between 1995 and 2015, the Korea GDP increases by an average of approximately 3.34 percent and the Japanese GDP increases by approximately 0.11 percent for every one percent increase in China’s private final consumption. Also, for every one percent increase in China’s private final consumption change, Hong Kong’s GDP change increases by approximately 0.96 percent, Philippines GDP change increases by approximately 1.57 percent, Thailand’s GDP change increases by approximately 1.64 percent, Singapore’s GDP change increases by approximately 1.69 percent, and the world GDP change increases by approximately 0.65 percent. We are able to confirm a structural change of China since the financial crisis. We find that the individual impact of China’s final consumption on the foreign exports and GDP growth decreases in the cases of Korea, Hong Kong, Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore. Also, the Asia regional impact of China’s consumptions decreases. These results are a recent result of China’s demand creation by slowing growth, domestic demand-led-industrialization to replace exports, expansion in the service industry, and China inside policy. Future research should provide the microeconomic estimation of value added outputs required to set industrial policies from a global value chain perspective.
A review of intranasal ketorolac tromethamine for the short-term management of moderate to moderately severe pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level

Abstract Background: An intranasal (IN) formulation of ketorolac was recently FDA approved in adult patients for the short-term management of moderate to moderately severe pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level. Scope: The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of IN ketorolac. Databases used for this literature search include PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1980 to January 2012. All primary papers on IN ketorolac were eligible, including pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, clinical, outcomes, and meta-analyses. The approved product labeling was a source of information, as well as the bibliographies of published articles which were reviewed for additional pertinent literature. Findings: The search yielded six relevant studies all of which were selected for this review and included efficacy and safety trials, one pharmacokinetics study, and one preclinical study. IN ketorolac is a non-steroidal inflammatory drug that exhibits its effect mainly by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 with high affinity for COX-1. Absorption of IN ketorolac displays a median tmax of 0.50–0.75 hours and has a t½ of approximately 5–6 hours. Primary analyses included evaluation of morphine use and summed pain intensity difference (SPID) which was assessed using a visual analog scale. In one of the two phase III studies, the mean SPID6 score was 83.3 in the IN ketorolac group versus 37.2 in the placebo group, p = 0.007. In another phase III study, the mean SPID6 score was 117.4 in the IN ketorolac group versus 89.9 in the placebo group, p = 0.032. IN ketorolac was well-tolerated with most adverse events associated with the route of administration. Conclusion: Based on the clinical trials reviewed, IN ketorolac was associated with significant pain reduction in patients with various post-operative procedures, with good tolerability.
Getting the message: a quality improvement initiative to reduce pages sent to the wrong physician

Background One in seven pages are sent to the wrong physician and may result in unnecessary delays that potentially threaten patient safety. The authors aimed to implement a new team-based paging process to reduce pages sent to the wrong physician. Methods The authors redesigned the paging process on general internal medicine (GIM) wards at a Canadian academic medical centre by implementing a standardised team-based paging process (pages directed to one physician responsible for receiving pages on behalf of the entire physician team) using rapid-cycle change methods. The authors evaluated the intervention using a controlled before–after study design by measuring pages sent to the wrong physician before and after implementation of the redesigned paging process. Results Pages sent to the wrong physician from the GIM (intervention) wards decreased from 14% to 3% (11% reduction), while pages sent to the wrong physician from control wards fell from 13% to 7% (6% reduction). The difference between the intervention wards and the control wards was significant (5% greater reduction in the intervention group compared with the control group, p=0.008). Nurses were more satisfied with team-based paging than the existing paging process. Team-based paging may, however, introduce changes in communication workflow that lead to increased paging interruptions for certain members of the physician team. Conclusions The authors successfully redesigned the hospital's paging process to decrease pages sent to the wrong physician. They recommend that the frequency of pages sent to the wrong physician is measured and changes be implemented to paging processes to reduce this error.
Distinction between benign and malignant causes of cervical, axillary, and inguinal lymphadenopathy: value of Doppler spectral waveform analysis.

OBJECTIVE Vessels in inflamed lymph nodes are dilated compared with vessels in lymph nodes involved with metastases, which may be compressed by tumor cells. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the Doppler spectral waveform might be different in lymph nodes involved by benign disease and those involved by metastases. We compared spectral waveforms of benign and malignant superficial lymphadenopathy to determine the value of color Doppler sonography in distinguishing between the two. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Palpable superficial lymph nodes (41 cervical, one axillary, one inguinal) of 43 untreated patients were prospectively evaluated with color Doppler sonography. We measured resistive index, pulsatility index, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity from the fastest or next fastest arterial signal in the lymph node that showed the most vigorous flow. Final diagnosis was established by pathologic examination (n = 24) and clinical follow-up (n = 19). RESULTS Color Doppler sonography showed blood flow in all cases. The mean resistive index was 0.92 +/- 0.23 in lymph nodes involved with metastases and 0.59 +/- 0.11 in lymph nodes affected by benign processes. The mean pulsatility index was 2.66 +/- 1.59 in lymph nodes involved with metastases and 0.90 +/- 0.23 in lymph nodes affected by benign processes. Lymph nodes involved with metastases showed a characteristic high resistive index (> 1.0) and a high pulsatility index (> 1.5) in 10 of 13 cases. Lymph nodes affected by benign processes showed a low resistive index (< 0.8) and a low pulsatility index (< 1.5) in all cases. The resistive indexes and pulsatility indexes were significantly different (p < .005) between lymph nodes affected by benign versus malignant disease. The mean peak systolic velocity was 25 +/- 11.7 cm/sec in lymph nodes involved with metastases and 24 +/- 16 cm/sec in lymph nodes affected by benign processes. The mean end diastolic velocity was 2 +/- 6.7 cm/sec in lymph nodes involved with metastases and 10 +/- 9.5 cm/sec in lymph nodes affected by benign processes. Although the peak systolic velocities were not significantly different, the end diastolic velocities were significantly different (p < .005) between the two types of lymph nodes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that superficial lymphadenopathy due to benign and malignant diseases can be distinguished with a high degree of accuracy (p < .005) by means of spectral waveform analysis. Color Doppler sonography is a useful adjunct to routine sonography. Lymph nodes with a high resistive index are almost always involved by metastases.
Analysing the 3PL service provider’s evaluation criteria through a sustainable approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and model the evaluation criteria for the selection of third-party logistics service provider (3PLSP) by an interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach in the pharmaceutical sector. Design/methodology/approach Delphi technique was used for identifying the most significant criteria, and the ISM method was employed for developing the interrelationship among the criteria. Also, the critical criteria for having high influential power were identified by using the Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliqués à un Classement analysis. Findings The most significant factors, namely, capability of robust supply network/distribution network, quality certification and health safety, service quality and environmental quality certifications, were found to have a high driving power, and these factors demand the maximum attention of the decision makers. Research limitations/implications As the ISM approach is a qualitative tool, the expert opinions were used for developing the structural model, and the judgments of the experts could be biased influencing the reliability of the model. The developed hierarchical concept is proposed to help the executives, decision and policy makers in formulating the strategies and the evaluation of sustainable 3PLSP. Originality/value It is an original research highlighting the association between the sustainable 3PLSP evaluation criteria by employing ISM tool in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper will guide the managers in understanding the importance of the evaluation criteria for the efficient selection of 3PLSP.
Improving the Accuracy of FDTD Approximations to Tangential Components of the Coupled Electric and Magnetic Fields at a Material Interface

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is one of the most popular tools used for modeling important electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering problems. Of the many variations on the basic formulation, conventional orthogonal schemes remain prevalent because of their high level of accuracy and relative ease of implementation. Inaccuracies do persist, however, and in this paper a simple, computationally efficient remedy to an error that occurs when simulating waves that impinge on a material interface is identified. The detail of when and how the error occurs is illustrated using a simplistic interface scenario, with an analytic electric field being used to drive a single FDTD magnetic field update step. The resulting FDTD approximations are compared to the analytic solution to reveal the extent of the error. The proposed modification is then introduced and its remedial effect shown by repeating the above comparison using the modified FDTD equations. The broader effects of the proposed modification are demonstrated using a practical, 3D, full-wave FDTD forward modeling tool, taking scenario examples from the application area of ground penetrating radar (GPR). It is concluded that the overall accuracy of conventional, orthogonal FDTD schemes is improved, without unduly increasing their computational burden or algorithmic complexity.
Increased child abuse in families with twins.

Large families and inadequate spacing of children increase the risk of abuse. Twin births incorporate both of these factors, yet the association of twinning with subsequent abuse has not been explored. Forty-eight families with twins from St Vincent Hospital and Medical Center and Nashville General Hospital were compared with 124 single-birth families, matched for hospital of delivery, birth date, maternal age, race, and socioeconomic status. Three control (2.4%) and nine twin (18.7%) families were reported for maltreatment (P less than .001). Mothers of twins experienced greater previous parity than did control subjects (P less than .001). Twins also had significantly longer nursery stays (P less than .001), lower birth weights (P less than .001), and lower Apgar scores at one (P less than .01) and five (P less than .05) minutes. A regression analysis incorporating all of these variables, however, showed that twin status was most predictive of subsequent abuse.
Cyprus - UK Migration Corridor: Economic Implications of Remittances

Cypriot labour migration to Britain started in the late 1950s with the active recruitment of labour by the British government, and was spurred on by the conflict between Turkish and Greek speaking communities in Cyprus. After the island gained its independence from Britain, Cypriots were given the option to choose either a Republic of Cyprus passport or a British passport due to the colonial ties with Britain (Mehmet Ali, 2001), making it relatively easy for them to migrate and work in Britain. The 1962/68 Commonwealth immigration legislation, inter-communal conflicts of 1963 and 1967/68 as well as the 1974 Turkish military intervention all led to mass emigration of Cypriots to Britain. According to GMig2 database, 43% of unskilled and 42% of the skilled Cypriot migrant workers are resident in the UK. Thus, it is not surprising that 49% of remittances sent to Cyprus are by Cypriot migrant workers in Britain Following the Eastern enlargement,no limitations were imposed on the migration of Cypriots to the UK thus encouraging further Cypriot emigration. This paper reports an analysis of the economy wide effects of changes in both labour migration from Cyprus to Britain and labour remittances to Cyprus by migrant workers. Migrations decisions are endogenised through labour supply functions that respond to changes in the relative wages in EU regions. Due to the past migration patterns and volumes of Cypriot workers, the analyses focuses on labour migration to the UK and the economic implications for Cyprus and the UK.
Signaling molecules of the NF-kappa B pathway shuttle constitutively between cytoplasm and nucleus.

We aimed to investigate the dynamics of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in living cells using GFP variants of p65-NF-kappaB, IkappaBalpha, tumor necrosis factor-receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), the NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK) and IkappaB kinases (IKK1 and IKK2). Detailed kinetic analysis of constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling processes revealed that IkappaBalpha enters the nucleus faster than p65. Examination of signaling molecules upstream of NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha revealed a predominant cytoplasmic localization at steady state. However, after addition of leptomycin B, NIK rapidly accumulated in the nucleus, whereas we could not detect any significant effect on TRAF2 or IKK2. Using various truncation mutants of NIK, we identified a functional nuclear export signal within the COOH-terminal region 795-805, which counteracts the inherent NLS at amino acids 143-149. Prolonged incubation in the presence of LMB also leads to nuclear accumulation of IKK1, which was dependent on a lysine residue at position 44, which is also essential for kinase activity. Investigation of endogenous protein levels by immunofluorescence staining and Western blots verified the results obtained with GFP chimeras. We conclude that NF-kappaB.IkappaB complexes and the upstream signaling kinases NIK and IKK1 shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus of nonactivated cells and that this process leads to a basal transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB.
Monopulse-Doppler Radar Front-End Concept for Automotive Applications Based on RF MEMS Technology

A concept for a high pulse repetition frequency (HPRF) monopulse-Doppler radar front-end for automotive applications is presented. The design is based on an RF MEMS electronically scanned array (ESA). The front-end detects targets up to 150 m with a range resolution of 1.5 m, unambiguous relative velocity estimation up to 400 km/h with a velocity resolution of 6.25 km/h. The front-end is capable of scanning plusmn;11deg degrees from boresight in azimuth. Amplitude-comparison monopulse tracking allows the radar to track targets with an angular deviation from the scanning angle up to plusmn;2.5deg which is a fraction of the beamwidth. The design is optimized for 38 GHz, but is readily scalable to the 76-77 GHz band and brought into compliance with the ITU-R recommendation M.1452 (05/00). It is fabricated using wafer-scale monolithic tile construction. The laminate consists of a 6 inch fused silica wafer which contains a constrained corporate MEMS true time delay (TTD) feed network, two T/R modules and a planar IF monopulse processor, and a Rogers TMM3 substrate which contains a 16 times 8 microstrip antenna array
Optimal Storage Operation Under Demand Charge

We study the optimal operation of energy storage operated by a consumer who owns intermittent renewable generation and faces (possibly random) fluctuating electricity prices and demand charge. We formulate the optimal storage operation problem as a finite horizon dynamic program, with an objective of minimizing the expected total cost (the sum of energy cost and demand charge). The incorporation of demand charge faces the consumer with more complicated trade-offs on storage operation, e.g., discharging the storage when the energy price is relatively low may not save energy cost, but could help to save the demand charge if the net demand is high. We establish an important threshold structure for an optimal storage operation policy, which enables us to implement the optimal policy in realistic settings with random electricity prices. Numerical results demonstrate that the characterized optimal threshold policy significantly outperforms the policy that is shown to be optimal without demand charge in the literature, even at a low-demand charge rate 6$/kW.
Myonuclear loss in atrophied soleus muscle fibers

A skeletal muscle fiber consists of many successive “territories,” each controlled by the nucleus residing in that territory. Because nuclei appear to control a specific amount of territory (nuclear domain), nuclei must be added to accommodate an increase in fiber size. Because growth and hypertrophy require the addition of nuclei to fibers, it is of interest to determine whether atrophy causes a decrease in myonuclear number. This study compared the myonuclear population in the soleus muscles of rats that had undergone atrophy due to 10 days of spaceflight in the space shuttle, Endeavour, with muscles of ground‐based control animals (10 rats each).