Monitoring of hydrochemical parameters, algae and cyanobacteria in newly built ponds near Hovorany village

Observation of five ponds took place in the year 2014 in the cadastral area of village Hovorany. The aim was to monitor the development of these ponds in terms of hydrochemical parameters and the occurrence of algae and cyanobacteria. From each pond a sample of water was taken to analyze and measure the amounts of ammoniacal, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, chlorides, orthophosphate, alkalinity, calcium, chlorophyll a, CODCr, total nitrogen and phosphorus. Dissolved oxygen, pH, the temperature of water, conductivity and transparency were measured in situ. Algae and cyanobacteria were taken using the plankton net and the identified species were divided into four groups (cyanobacteria, green algea, diatoms and others algea). According to the analyzed chemical parameters, following the method of Government Order No. 61/2003, the water was classified as “cyprinid water”. In all the ponds there is a significant fluctuation in pH. The biggest pond, Sluňák, is the most stable. Cyanobacteria and algae gradually colonized all the ponds. In total, 61 species occurred (cyanobacteria 8 species and 53 species algae). The most numerous taxa were green algae (Chlorophyta), which dominated in the ponds Sluňák, Vrbatec, Mokřák and Jasaňák. The exception was the pond Olšovník, where the other algae prevail (Euglenophyta and Cryptophyta). On the basis of identified taxa algae and cyanobacteria, the ponds are eutrophic. Key-Words: chlorophyta, pools, new habitat, chemical indicators, diatoms, season, colonization Introduction Cyanobacteria and algea are widespread all over the world. They occurr in the soil and water [5, 11]. They colonize extreme habitats, for example thermal springs, salt marshes, acidic water [5, 11, 14] and residual waters from uranium mining [6]. They get to new habitats by water during flooding or air as spores or cells in anabiosis [5, 12]. Chlorophyta are the ones who spread via the wind, followed by diatoms and cyanobacteria [4, 7]. In the newly built ponds the first occupants are bacteria, algae and cyanobacteria. The first manifestation of colonization is the production of biomass from anorganic matter and this way they allow the arrival of another organisms [5, 12]. Chlorophyta produce the biggest biomass [12]. They gradually create communities of plankton, benthos and neuston [5, 3, 1]. Abundance of green algae increases with the temperature of water [16]. For further development of population they create reserves of spores and resting cells in sediments. The impulse for developing spores and resting cells is light and sediment mixing [15]. Cyanobacteria and algae are indicators of water quality. The species composition of phytoplankton supplements chemical analyse of water and it gives us an image of the conditions in the ponds [5]. Low values of nitrogen and phosphorus limit the growth of biomass algae [16]. According to species of algae and cyanobacteria present, we can devide ponds into oligotrophy, mesotrophy and eutrophy [5, 8]. The aim of this study is to monitor the development of the newly built ponds near the village Hovorany in terms of hydrochemical parameters and algae and cyanobacteria occurrence. Material and Methods System of five ponds (figure 1) was built near the village of Hovorany on arable soil. Ponds do not have a tributary, but they are supplied by groundwater. The water depth and water surface are given in the table 1. All ponds are without fish. Macrofyta occure rarely. In the year 2014, the ponds are being monthly observed. The results published in this article are from March to August. From each pond the sample of water, cyanobacteria and algae were taken, and hydrochemical parameters were measured.