Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
We-design : Community Design and Research as an Embedded Collective Social Process

This paper explores how design, as an embedded socio-cultural process, is an inherent part of an emerging social network paradigm of community and how this social network design process is influencing new concepts, forms and meanings of design, community and constructed environments. An integrative theory approach is taken to understanding this social design process, which connects network theory with constructivist perspectives of social learning. The concept of ‘social entrepreneurship’ is highlighted as a design-process which enables interconnections among ‘place’, social behavior, social capital and values-based lifestyle choices through networks of creative agents which results in new forms of community design and meaning in local contexts.
Peroxiredoxin: a central player in immune modulation

Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are a family of anti‐oxidants that protect cells from metabolically produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presence of these enzymes in the secretomes of many parasitic helminths suggests they provide protection against ROS released by host immune effector cells. However, we recently reported that helminth‐secreted Prx also contribute to the development of Th2‐responses via a mechanism involving the induction of alternatively activated macrophages. In this review, we discuss the role helminth Prx may play in modulating the immune responses of their hosts.
Effects of growth hormone and ovariectomy on performance, serum hormones, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, and muscle fiber properties of prepubertal Friesian heifers.

Sixteen prepubertal Friesian heifers were used to examine the effect of bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovariectomy (OVX) at 2.5 mo of age (2 x 2 factorial design) on growth, carcass quality, and fiber types, capillarization, and metabolic potentials of the longissimus muscle, and serum concentrations of estradiol-17beta (E2beta), insulin, GH, IGF-I, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP). Treatment with GH (15 mg/d) started at 147 +/- 3 kg BW and lasted for 15 wk. Heifers were fed a mixed roughage-based diet. Growth hormone increased ADG (P < .001), improved gain:feed (P < .007), and had a small but positive influence on lean accretion. Growth hormone reduced fat thickness (P < .009), carcass fat trim (P < .009) and i.m. fat (P < .09). Ovariectomy did not affect performance but increased dressing percentage (P < .03), full rib weight (P < .003), and fat thickness (P < .04). Ovariectomy reduced E2beta (P < .001) and insulin (P < .02), and increased the 32-kDa IGFBP (IGFBP-2) (P < .09). Growth hormone treatment increased GH, IGF-I, the 28-kDa IGFBP, and the 40- to 43-kDa IGFBP (IGFBP-3) (P < .004 or P < .001). Neither GH nor ovariectomy affected the proportion and relative area of the individual muscle fiber types, but GH tended to increase type I fiber area (P < .10). Number of capillaries per fiber increased in OVX GH-treated heifers (GH x OVX interaction, P < .02). Activities of citrate synthetase were higher in GH-treated (P < .05) and OVX (P < .02) heifers, indicating increased oxidative capacity of the longissimus muscle. The effects of GH on performance and carcass fattening were in accordance with the observed hormonal changes. When slaughter occurs before puberty, ovariectomy has no effect on performance, only few effects on carcass quality, and small effects on hormone concentrations.
Epigenetic regulation of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 by KMT2A inhibits glioma proliferation

Glioblastomas are among the most fatal brain tumors; however, the molecular determinants of their tumorigenic behavior are not adequately defined. In this study, we analyzed the role of KMT2A in the glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG. KMT2A knockdown promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, it increased the DNA methylation of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 and reduced the expression of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3. NOTCH1 or NOTCH3 activation inhibited U-87 MG cell proliferation, whereas NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 inhibition by shRNAs induced cell proliferation, thus demonstrating the tumor-suppressive ability of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 in U-87 MG cells. The induced cell proliferation caused by KMT2A knockdown could be nullified by using either constitutively active NOTCH1 or constitutively active NOTCH3. This result demonstrates that KMT2A positively regulates NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 and that this mechanism is essential for inhibiting the U-87 MG cell proliferation. The role of KMT2A knockdown in promoting tumor growth was further confirmed in vivo by transplanting U-87 MG cells into the brains of zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, we identified KMT2A-NOTCH as a negative regulatory cascade for glioblastoma cell proliferation, and this result provides important information for KMT2A- or NOTCH-targeted therapeutic strategies for brain tumors.
Nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve of the pigeon: Localization of peptide and 5‐hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive fibers

The distribution of peptide and serotonin fibers in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNX) in the pigeon (Columba livia) was investigated immunocytochemically. This information was correlated with the viscerotopic organization of the nuclei and with central NTS circuitry to suggest the role of the neurochemical containing fibers in the regulation of organ function. The distribution of fibers containing cholecystokinin (CCK), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), enkephalin (ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin (NT), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) was determined. Each substance had a distinct distribution within the subnuclei of NTS‐DMNX, but certain generalities can be deduced. In the DMNX, fibers immunoreactive for ENK, NT, and SP were found in greatest concentration, while CGRP and 5‐HT immunoreactive fibers were the least dense. This suggests that ENK, NT, and SP may have a significant modulatory effect on gastrointestinal functions. In the NTS overall, ENK, NT, SP, and VIP fibers were found in high density, CCK, NPY, SS, and 5‐HT fibers were found in moderate density, and CGRP fibers were found in low density. However, some individual NTS subnuclei were found to contain moderate to high concentrations of each of the substances, including CGRP. Fibers containing CCK, ENK, NT, SP, SS, and VIP in the medial dorsal NTS subnuclei may regulate gastroesophageal functions. The caudal part of subnucleus lateralis parasolitarius did not contain most of the substances, which suggests that pulmonary function is not modulated by these neurochemicals. The boundaries of a subnucleus could sometimes be demarcated by a change in density of immunoreactive fibers between adjacent subnuclei. This was particularly evident in NTS subnuclei medialis dorsalis anterior centralis and lateralis parasolitarius, and in DMNX subnucleus posterior dorsalis magnocellularis. The selective distribution of peptide and serotonin immunoreactive fibers in various subnuclei of NTS‐DMNX suggests that these substances may be differentially involved in neural circuits that mediate cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Book Review: The Other Six Days: Vocation, Work, and Ministry in Biblical Perspective

THE AUTHOR PRESENTS a well-developed theology of Christian ministry and mission in the form that most of us would call "practical theology" but he would describe as real theology. Stevens speaks from the breadth of moderate evangelical Protestant scholarship. His arguments are two-fold. Regarding ministry, the traditional distinction between clergy and laity is not justified by the biblical testimony or the practice of the ancient church. Rather, eucharis­ tie piety, from the third century onward, relegated the ministerial responsibilities of all Christians to professional clergy. To empower laity in church work is insufficient; the deep distinctions between clergy and laity must be overcome. We require a theological vision rooted in the doctrine of the trin­ ity (with its image of perichoresis or mutuality) to empower all Christians in non-hierarchical fashion to act as ministers. Stevens affirms Luther's concept of the "universal priesthood of all believers" in this regard over against Calvin's notion of an institution­ alized clergy. Second, regarding mission, Christians must not withdraw from the world into the church, but should embrace the world with their proclama­ tion of the gospel. The church is the agency for spreading the kingdom of God in the world. In fact, the church's goal is to discover the activity of God in the world rather than to assume that it brings the actions of God to the world. The church must pro­ claim the Christian message and minister to the totality of human need.
The Eye of the Beholder: Ideological Lensing, Information Effects, and the Vote

An extensive literature shows that voters have biased perceptions of policy outcomes, biased perceptions of elites' policy proposals, and biased perceptions of the ideological placement of political parties. An equally extensive literature has sought to explain how responsible parties maximize vote support, cultivating ideological brands that cater to poorly informed voters. While scholarship in the former tradition distrusts the information reported by voters, the later approach takes the preferences reported by voters as given when modeling vote choice and the equilibrium location of parties. In this paper we provide a general approach to unify these distinct traditions. We make three important contributions. First, we provide a general strategy to incorporate infor- mation effects in equilibrium models of voting. Second, we provide a solution to com- mon attenuation biases observed in most equilibrium models of vote choice. Finally, we provide a feasible projection of the parties' ideological placement when groups of voters differ in where they perceive the party to be located. We describe our model as a heteroscedastic proximity model, which solves ideological lensing problems in the esti- mation of vote choice models.
Purple Triangle Orange Circle FC Layers

Generative image models have made significant progress in the last few years, and are now able to generate low-resolution images which sometimes look realistic. However the state-of-theart models utilize fully entangled latent representations where small changes to a single neuron can effect every output pixel in relatively arbitrary ways, and different neurons have possibly arbitrary relationships with each other. This limits the ability of such models to generalize to new combinations or orientations of objects as well as their ability to connect with more structured representations such as natural language, without explicit strong supervision. In this work explore the synergistic effect of using partial natural language scene descriptions to help disentangle the latent entities visible an image. We present a novel neural network architecture called Generative Entity Networks, which jointly generates both the natural language descriptions and the images from a set of latent entities. Our model is based on the variational autoencoder framework and makes use of visual attention to identify and characterise the visual attributes of each entity. Using the Shapeworld dataset, we show that our representation both enables a better generative model of images, leading to higher quality image samples, as well as creating more semantically useful representations that improve performance over purely dicriminative models on a simple natural language yes/no question answering task.
Cell mechanics and stress: from molecular details to the ‘universal cell reaction’ and hormesis

The ‘universal cell reaction’ (UCR), a coordinated biphasic response to external (noxious and other) stimuli observed in all living cells, was described by Nasonov and his colleagues in the mid‐20th century. This work has received no attention from cell biologists in the West, but the UCR merits serious consideration. Although it is non‐specific, it is likely to be underpinned by precise mechanisms and, if these mechanisms were characterized and their relationship to the UCR elucidated, then our understanding of the integration of cellular function could be improved. As a step towards identifying such mechanisms, I review some recent advances in understanding cell mechanics and the stress response and I suggest potentially testable hypotheses. There is a particular need for time‐course studies of cellular responses to different stimulus doses or intensities. I also suggest a correspondence with hormesis; re‐investigation of the UCR using modern biophysical and molecular‐biological techniques might throw light on this much‐discussed phenomenon. BioEssays 29:324–333, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellular localization and subcellular distribution of Unc‐33‐like protein 6, a brain‐specific protein of the collapsin response mediator protein family that interacts with the neuronal glycine transporter 2

Unc‐33‐like protein (Ulip)6, a brain‐specific phosphoprotein of the Ulip/collapsin response mediator protein family, was originally identified in our laboratory by yeast two‐hybrid screening using the cytoplasmic N‐terminal domain of the neuronal glycine transporter, glycine transporter (GlyT) 2, as a bait. Here, the interaction of Ulip6 with the N‐terminal domain of GlyT2 was found to be specific for this member of the Ulip/collapsin response mediator protein family and to involve amino acids 135–184 of GlyT2. In pull‐down assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments with rat spinal cord extract, the presence of phosphatase inhibitors significantly enhanced binding of Ulip6 to GlyT2. Subcellular fractionation of spinal cord and retina homogenates at different developmental stages showed Ulip6 immunoreactivity to be associated with light vesicles that were distinct from GlyT2‐containing and synaptic vesicles. Immunocytochemistry revealed punctate Ulip6 immunoreactivity in both somatic regions and processes of cultured spinal neurones; no colocalization with GlyT2 or other synaptic marker proteins was found. In retina, which expresses only GlyT1 but not GlyT2, Ulip6 was detected in the inner plexiform layer and along the somata and processes of selected bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells. Our data support a model in which Ulip6 transiently interacts with GlyT2 in a phosphorylation‐dependent manner.
Evidence of safety of long-term, high, oral doses of DDT for man.

Twenty-four volunteers ingested technical or p,p′-DDT at rates up to 35 mg per man per day for 21.5 months. They were then observed for an additional 25.5 months, and 16 were followed up for five years. Storage of DDT and DDE and excretion of DDA were proportional to dosage. The fat of those receiving technical insecticide at the highest rate contained 105 to 619 ppm of DDT when feeding stopped. The average dosage of p,p′-DDT administered in this study was 555 times the average intake of all DDT-related compounds by 19-year-old men in the general population and 1,250 times their intake of p,p′-DDT. Since no definite clinical or laboratory evidence of injury by DDT was found in this study, these factors indicate a high degree of safety of DDT for the general population.
THE CATEGORY ‘ADJECTIVE’ IN SEMITIC LANGUAGES

L'A. veut montrer que dans les langues semitiques, il existe une categorie grammaticale adjectif distincte, differente de substantif. Ceci tend a refuter la theorie selon laquelle un adjectif est un substantif. Cette theorie est basee sur le faite qu'il n'existe pas de modele specifique pour les adjectifs, autrement dit, pour chaque adjectif on peut trouver un substantif construit sur le meme modele morphologique. Ce fait est generalement vrai, mais les criteres de demarcation peuvent venir du niveau syntaxique
Pathology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): variability with time and treatment

The diagnosis of chronic idiopathic IBD and the differential diagnosis between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can be made in most cases on cumulative clinical, radiological, endoscopical, biochemical and pathological evidence. Diagnostic difficulties can however, occur in fulminant colitis, in early onset disease and in long‐standing disease. The microscopic evaluation of disease activity is based on the presence of active inflammation. Effective medical treatment has however, an influence upon the morphology and the evolution of the lesions and hence can affect the diagnostic features and the microscopic features used for the assessment of disease activity. A literature review was performed on clinical drug trials in IBD and the effect of the drugs upon the microscopic features. Several studies have shown that the diagnostic microscopic features and the features characteristic for disease activity vary with time and treatment. For an adequate analysis of biopsy samples of patients with IBD the pathologist should be aware of the duration of the symptoms and the type of treatment given to the patient.
Locoregional immunochemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a disease with a poor and dismal prognosis, and all forms of currently available conventional therapies are rarely beneficial. However, in recent years, combined targeting locoregional immunochemotherapy has been reported with very promising results. Adoptive immunotherapy with LAK cells (lymphokine-activated killer cells) and recombinant interleukin-2 is becoming one of the new modalities to reconstitute the depressed immune status of the tumor-bearing host. Interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12 induce cytolytic activity of LAK and natural killer cells and are considered for cellular activation to locoregional immunotherapy before, after resection or even in unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas. Spleen is a suitable organ for LAK cell induction because it has densely packed lymphocytes. The strategy of administration of both interleukin-2 and gamma-interferon into the spleen for in vivo immunostimulation is based on the well-known synergism of the above cytokines. LAK cells have cytotoxic activity against a variety of tumor cells. In particular, LAK cells exhibit efficacy against lung and liver malignant lesions, as suggested by their trafficking pattern; activated killer cells injected i.v. into humans appeared in the lung early and were subsequently rapidly redistributed to the liver and spleen. Lipiodol-Urografin emulsion is probably an ideal cytokine/anti-cancer drug carrier suitable for the combined locoregional immunochemotherapy because during its preferential retention in the vascular network of the spleen and tumor, a gradual release of both immuno- and chemotherapeutical drugs bound to emulsion droplets is achieved ensuring a prolong half life for these drugs. Recent data point to the potential of considering intratumoral or intravascular use of adenovirus carrying interleukin-12 gene, and/or p53-based gene therapy as possible therapeutic strategies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
CRAWLING THE CONSTRUCTION WEB – A MACHINE-LEARNING APPROACH WITHOUT NEGATIVE EXAMPLES

Professionals and craftsmen in the construction sector make an intensive use of information in their decision-making processes but only make limited use of the abundant information that is potentially available to them, particularly on the web. Consequently, designs are impoverished, construction is defective, and innovation is delayed. To facilitate convivial access to focused information, we have developed a question-and-answer (Q-A) system (reported elsewhere). To support this system, we have developed an automated crawler that permits the establishment of a bank of relevant pages, adapted to the needs of this particular industry-user community. It is based on the machine-learning framework in which an intelligent decision unit is trained to distinguish between nontopic and informative pages. We show that standard approaches which use both positive and negative classes are sensitive to the noise in the negative class. We propose different techniques for learning without negative examples, since initially one only has limited, positive information labeled by human experts; they are evaluated. Our crawler that uses the positive examples-based learning (PEBL) framework is able to collect construction-oriented pages with high precision and discovery rate. It can also be used to build domain-specific collections of pages in different scientific or professional contexts.
La généralisation : un outil pour la réutilisation

Ce document presente notre contribution dans le domaine de la reutilisation de logiciel. Nous definissons les bases d'un systeme d'aide a la reutilisation construit autour d'un cadre formel ― les specifications algebriques. Par ailleurs, l'approche que nous proposons est caracterisee par la generalisation (automatique ou semi-automatique) de composants de specification concus pour des problemes particuliers. La combinaison de ces deux aspects (reutilisation par specification algebrique et reutilisation par generalisation) n'avait pas a ce jour ete etudiee. Elle fait gagner de la souplesse, car le programmeur n'a pas a se soucier de la generalite des composants qu'il ecrit, et en securite, car la generalisation peut etre conduite par rapport a certaines proprietes semantiques du composant original, le systeme garantissant que les proprietes choisies sont bien conservees. Dans une premiere partie de ce document, nous definissons formellement les objets de ce systeme ― les composants de specification et leur semantique ― et un ensemble d'operateurs de transformation. Parmi ces operateurs, nous definissons celui que nous introduisons ― l'operateur de generalisation. Nous enoncons et demontrons une serie de proprietes de ces operateurs qui permettent d'etablir une hierarchie de composants dans un cadre categoriel (la hierarchie de morphismes de specification). Une deuxieme partie de ce travail est consacree a l'aide qu'on peut apporter a l'utilisateur lors de la determination d'une generalisation. Dans un premier temps, nous traitons le probleme de la generalisation syntaxique, qui represente le maximum de generalite qu'on peut obtenir. Ensuite, nous etudions le probleme de la generalisation semantique, c'est-a-dire, la generalisation avec preservation d'un ensemble de proprietes semantiques determinees par l'utilisateur
The Frog-leg Lateral Radiograph Accurately Visualized Hip Cam Impingement Abnormalities

Radiographic evaluation of the anterolateral femoral head-neck junction is essential in diagnosing cam femoroacetabular impingement. We hypothesized the frog-leg lateral radiograph can accurately assess femoral head-neck offset abnormalities associated with cam femoroacetabular impingement. We reviewed the radiographs of 61 hips treated for cam impingement and 24 asymptomatic control hips. To characterize the anatomy of the femoral head-neck junction, the femoral head sphericity, the α-angle of Nötzli et al, and head-neck offset were measured on all radiographs. Asphericity of the femoral head was detected more frequently in hips with impingement on all radiographic views when compared with control hips. The average α-angle was greater in hips with impingement on all views, with the greatest difference between hips with impingement and control hips seen on the frog-leg lateral view (65° for hips with impingement versus 47° for control hips). The average head-neck offset was decreased in hips with impingement on all views. The greatest difference between groups was seen on the frog-leg lateral view (6.6 mm for hips with impingement versus 9.3 mm for control hips). The frog-leg lateral radiograph provides accurate visualization of the femoral head-neck offset in patients being evaluated for femoroacetabular impingement. Level of Evidence: Level II, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.