Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of tillage operation strategies for dryland wheat production in a degraded loess soil

ABSTRACT Conservation tillage systems are advocated worldwide for sustainable crop production; however, their favorable effects on soil properties are subject to the length of their use. The following study aimed at using the CENTURY agroecosystem model to simulate long-term changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Tillage systems include conventional tillage (CT, control), minimum tillage, chisel plow (CP) and zero tillage with (R+) and without residues (R−) in fallow-wheat system. The model validation with 2-year field experiment showed that the simulated results were strongly correlated with observed results for total organic carbon (r2 = 0.94), active soil carbon (r2 = 0.91), slow soil carbon (r2 = 0.84) and passive soil carbon (r2 = 0.85). Similarly, model simulations for biomass and grain yields were, respectively, 81% and 76% correlated with observed results. The long-term simulations predicted that SOC stock and its fractions will gradually build up, crop biomass and grain yield will enhance with crop residue retention, especially under chisel plough in comparison of existing CT system. The study concludes that CP and retention of crop residues have potential to improve SOC contents and ultimately crop production.
Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas

Guidelines to marine protected areas is a collation of efforts from the IUCN, NOAA and Cardiff University, among others. It is aimed at managers and would be managers of marine parks, but will also be of use to anyone involved in the Marine Protected Area (MPA) process from conceptual planning to establishment, monitoring and management. Its broad application takes into account the hurdles that a manager is likely to encounter. There are nine sections, an introduction, an evaluation of the legal framework required to successfully establish MPAs, a discussion on dealing with all the relevant parties, involving communities and other stakeholders, site selection, planning and managing MPAs, zoning, evaluating economic aspect and financial sustainability, and finally a section on research, monitoring and review. Boxes are used throughout the text within each chapter to summarize important points and make for quick reference to the topic of that chapter.
Polymorphisms of MTHFD, plasma homocysteine levels, and risk of gastric cancer in a high-risk Chinese population

Purpose:Accumulative evidence suggests that folate has a protective effect on gastric cancer. The methylenetetrahyd-rofolate dlehydrogenase(MTHFD) plays an important role in folate and homocysteine metabolisms, and polymorphisms of MTHFD may result in disturbance of the folate-mediated homocysteine pathway. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that genetic variants of MTHFD and plasma homocysteine levels are associated with risk of gastric cancer and modulated by genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR). Experimental Design: We genotyped G1958A and T401C in MTHFD and C677T in MTHFR and detected total plasma homocysteine(tHcy) levels in a case-control study of 589 gastric cancer cases and 635 cancer-free controls in a high-risk Chinese population. Results:The variant genotypes of MTHFD 1958AA and 401CC were associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric canceradjusted odds ratio(OR), 2.05; 95% confidence interval(95% CI),1.34-3.13 for 1958AA; adjusted OR,1.43; 95% CI,1.14-1.80 for 401CC compared with 1958GG/GA and 401TT/TC genotypes, respectively. Both of the effects were more evident in the subjects carrying MTHFR 677CT/TT genotypes. The average tHcy level was significantly higher in gastric cancer cases than in controls(P 0.01), and the upper quartile of tHcy ( 13.6 mu mol/L) was associated with an 82% significantly increased risk of gastric cancer, compared with the lowest quartile of tHcy(= 8.0 pmol/L;adjusted OR,1.82; 95% CI,1.20-2.75). Conclusions:The strong associations between MTHFD variants and the plasma tHcy levels and gastric cancer risk suggest, for the first time, a possible gene-environment interaction between genetic variants of folate-metabolizing genes and high tHcy levels in gastric carcinogenesis.
Verocytotoxine-producerende Escherichia coli O157 bij Nederlandse vleeskalveren en slachtrunderen

In 1994 (August-September) and in 1995 (July-October) faeces of Dutch veal calves and adult cattle was examined for the presence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (O157 VTEC). The samples were collected at slaughterhouses. In 1994, O157 VTEC were isolated from three (0.9%) of 365 fecal samples of veal calves. Faeces of adult cattle was not collected. In 1995, O157 VTEC were isolated from one (0.5%) of 18.3 fecal samples of veal calves and from 30 (11.1%) of 270 fecal samples of adult cattle. In 1994, the organisms were isolated by selective plating onto both sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) and SMAC containing tellurite and cefixime (TC-SMAC) following selective enrichment in modified trypton soya broth with acriflavin (mTSB + a). In 1995, the samples were enriched in modified E. coli broth with novobiocin (mEC + n), and in addition to directly plating onto TC-SMAC the enriched cultures were plated after incorporation of an immunomagnetic separation step of E. coli O157. All 30 strains isolated from adult cattle were isolated with the immunomagnetic separation procedure. Four of the 30 samples were determined positive also by directly plating onto TC-SMAC. The sample from the veal calve was determined positive only by directly plating onto TC-SMAC. Plating onto SMAC resulted only in negative results. Characterization of the O157 VTEC isolates showed similarities between isolates of humans and cattle. Additional experiments need to be done concerning this aspect. From this study it appeared that also Dutch cattle are a reservoir of O157 VTEC.
THE POTENTIAL OF DRUG-CARRYING IMMUNOLIPOSOMES AS ANTICANCER AGENTS

In this revieu we attempt to show how optimize delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to solid tumor. It is nidely accepted that the accumulation of liposomes in tumors is a result of «leaky» microvascularization. Recent data suggest the window for optimal drug delivery should be 70 — 180 nm. The drug delivery increases about 6-fold when liposomes are conjugated with monoclonal antibody in compare to sterically stabilized liposomes. These immunoliposomes were shown to endocytose by tumor cells. The data accumulates that immunoliposomes prepared by conjugated with single strand antibody are highly speciZ c and less immunogenic toward antigen producing tumor cells.
Selective FcγR engagement by human agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies

Dahan et al . recently published a study where they investigated the influence of FcγRs on the activity of human monoclonal anti-CD40 antibodies using a mouse model with humanized FcγRs and CD40 (1). Using a humanized model system they elegantly demonstrate the importance of FcɣRIIB for optimal efficacy of human anti-CD40 antibodies. The results partly contrast previously published material (2-4) where the importance of FcɣRIIB is not unambiguous and is suggested to depend also on the antibody itself as well as the overall tissue expression load of the FcɣR family. If the data presented by Dahan et al . can be transferred and confirmed in un-modified in vitro human assays it could impact the design of TNFR family directed antibodies in the future.
Human Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol Aacyltransferase(ACAT)

Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase(ACAT) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters from long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A and cholesterol.ACAT plays a very important role in maintaining cellular and organismal cholesterol homeostasis.ACATs are involved in some serious human diseases including atherosclerosis,Alzheimer's disease and gallstone.For these reasons,ACAT has been a pharmaceutical target for developing cholesterol-lowering and/or anti-atherosclerosis drugs.In this paper,we introduced the physiological and pathological functions of ACAT,summarized the research evolvement of ACAT and indicated the future develop direction of ACAT.
Atomic Force Microscopy and Proteins

: This review briefly introduces the principles of atomic force microscopy (AFM) applied to protein samples. AFM provides three-dimensional surface images of the proteins with high resolution. The advantage of AFM for protein studies is that AFM can visualize directly the molecule under physiological conditions without previous treatment. AFM operated in the force-spectroscopy mode is now a widespread technique, often used to investigate ligand receptor interactions with the goal of measuring forces at the individual molecule level.
EXPLAINING RARITY OF THE NARROWLY ENDEMIC DIPTEROCARPUS CF. CONDORENSIS BY IN SITU PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS

Comparative physiological attributes, obtained by c hlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange techniques, of restricted Dipterocarpu s cf. condorensis and widespread Shorea roxburghii species that are actually co-located in Ta Kou Nature Reserve Binh Thuan Province, provided essential information for understanding ra rity of D. condorensis. The narrowly endemic D. condorensis had similar photosynthetic performance to the locally abundant S. roxburghii in more common habitats in which ground water tables are de ep (>20m), but had significantly higher photosynthetic activities in its specific habitat, where the ground water level is shallow (<10m). The se differences are probably the consequence of evoluti onary trade-offs, and represent specializations of the endemic D. condorensis which is only successful in habitat where the ground water is accessible. However, while adaptive in this habitat, these trai ts may reduce success in other more common habitats in this region.
Selection and Breeding of Super Sweet Maize Hybrid “Jitian6”

Supersweet maize hybrid Jitian6 was obtained using Ji898 as female parent and Ji908 as male parent.In 1996—1998 regional test of special sweet maize variety in Jilin province,yield of green spike of Jitian6 was proved to be 13 337.8 kg/hm2,9.7% higher than the ck,Jitian 3.In 1997—1998 production test in Jilin province,yield of green spike of Jitian 6 was proved to be 12 401.5 kg/hm2,5.5% higher than the ck,Jitian 3.In 2000—2001 regional yield test in North China,yield of green spike of Jitian6 was proved to be 13 196.3 kg/hm2 and its sugar content was 18.73%. Jitian6 is thin in grain coat,good in mouse sense,sweet and fragile,delitious;it is of excellent quality,strong resistance to setosphaevia turcica/curvularia lunata/sphacelotheca reiliana,resistance to grey leaf spot pathogen and ostrinia furnacalis,medium resistence to stalk rot.It is fit to be planted in Hebei,Shanxi,Liaoning,Jilin,Xinjiang,Heilongjiang and inner Mongolia.It was proved and released to the farmers by China Evaluation Committee of Crop Variety in 2003.
Evolution des habitudes alimentaires et leur impact sur les facteurs de risque et l'incidence des maladies cardiovasculaires en Suisse.

Meme modestes, des changements dans l'alimentation de la population sont susceptibles d'avoir des consequences substantielles sur la frequence et la gravite des maladies cardiovasculaires: celles-ci sont tres frequentes d'une part, et les risques cardiovasculaires sont fortement lies a l'alimentation d'autre part. Dans ce contexte, il est regrettable que ne fonctionnent plus en Suisse des systemes d'enregistrement des maladies cardiovasculaires. D'autre part, la prevalence des habitudes alimentaires est mal connue, en particulier nous manquons d'estimations semi-quantitatives des apports alimentaires au niveau populationnel. Cette absence de donnees epidemiologiques empeche de suivre l'impact des modifications en cours et a venir de l'alimentation sur la frequence des maladies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, les donnees d'utilisation et de consommation permettent d'estimer les facteurs de risque ou protecteurs des pathologies cardiovasculaires en Suisse. Ce chapitre fait le point sur quelques-unes des acquisitions epidemiologiques recentes concernant le type d'alimentation le mieux a meme de preserver le systeme cardiovasculaire. Apres une presentation de l'epidemiologie de la maladie cardiovasculaire (surtout celle des cardiopathies ischemiques), quelques aspects des facteurs lies a l'alimentation sont presentes dans une perspective de medecine preventive.
Comparative Growth of Spoilage and Pathogenic Organisms on Modified Atmosphere-Packaged Cooked Beef.

The influence of CO2 atmospheres on the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms on cooked, sliced roast beef was investigated. An atmosphere containing 75% CO2, 15% N2 and 10% O2 was identified as the most effective in the simultaneous inhibition of Pseudomonas fragi , Salmonella typhimurium , Staphylococcus aureus , and Clostridium perfringens . Inoculated roast beef was exposed to two temperature abuse regimes to observe the resultant microbiological changes in air and three modified atmospheres containing 75% CO2 and O, 5 or 10% O2 (balance N2). The modified atmospheres inhibited the growth of S. aureus during abusive storage, and atmospheres containing 5 or 10% O2 inhibited the outgrowth of C. perfringens . The modified atmospheres were less effective in inhibiting the growth of S. typhimurium . However, high Salmonella counts were accompanied by high Pseudomonas counts. The concept of a Safety Index, which compares numbers of spoilage and pathogenic organisms, was developed to aid in the evaluation of modified atmospheres.
Protocol for Organization of a Decentralized Autonomous Agents Network in Factories Using Market Mechanisms

—The paper describes work organization methods for factories with plenty of autonomous agents with the help of market mechanisms what authors call robot economics. As a technological basis, the application of decentralized technologies is presented and justified: Blockchain technologies and smart contracts of the Ethereum network. The work is an extension of the article "Blockchain-based protocol of autonomous business activity for multi-agent systems of UAVs" and describes in more detail the architecture of the robots economics protocol. The main attention is paid to the protocol functionality and its basic elements. There is a description of the architecture of an autonomous agent working on the principles of robot economics in the article. The article shows how the work of agents is organized and how the self-correction of the factory and its agents happen. As a result, the experience of approbation of the presented methods in experiments is presented. 
Trends in forensic microbiology: From classical methods to deep learning

Forensic microbiology has been widely used in the diagnosis of causes and manner of death, identification of individuals, detection of crime locations, and estimation of postmortem interval. However, the traditional method, microbial culture, has low efficiency, high consumption, and a low degree of quantitative analysis. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, advanced bioinformatics, and fast-evolving artificial intelligence, numerous machine learning models, such as RF, SVM, ANN, DNN, regression, PLS, ANOSIM, and ANOVA, have been established with the advancement of the microbiome and metagenomic studies. Recently, deep learning models, including the convolutional neural network (CNN) model and CNN-derived models, improve the accuracy of forensic prognosis using object detection techniques in microorganism image analysis. This review summarizes the application and development of forensic microbiology, as well as the research progress of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based on microbial genome sequencing and microbial images, and provided a future outlook on forensic microbiology.
Etude des rôles et du mécanisme de chargement des complexes SMC dans la réponse au stress réplicatif chez S.cerevisiae

Les trois complexes SMC Cohesine, Condensine et SMC5/6 sont principalement etudies pour leurs roles mitotiques, cependant tous trois sont localises a proximite des fourches de replication en condition de stress replicatif. Au cours de cette these, nous nous sommes particulierement interesses aux complexes Cohesine et Condensine. Dans une premiere partie, nous decrivons un nouveau role des condensines dans la progression des fourches de replication en condition de stress replicatif a l’hydroxyuree (HU) et au Methyl-Methane-Sulfonate (MMS). Nos donnees montrent que dans ces conditions, les condensines limitent l’accumulation de la proteine de liaison a l’ADN simple-brin RPA (Replication Protein A) a proximite des fourches de replication. Ces resultats revelent que les condensines limitent l’exposition d’ADN simple brin et pourraient ainsi proteger l’integrite des fourches de replication et la stabilite du genome. Dans une seconde partie nous decrivons le mecanisme de recrutement du complexe Cohesine aux fourches de replication en condition de stress replicatif. Dans ces conditions, les cohesines renforcent la cohesion des chromatides sœurs afin de faciliter le redemarrage des fourches de replication par recombinaison homologue. Nous montrons que le complexe SMC-like MRX (Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2), l’histone methyle-transferase Set1 et l’histone acetyle-transferase Gcn5 sont requis pour le recrutement des cohesines aux fourches de replication. Nos donnees revelent qu’en reponse au stress replicatif, Gcn5, Set1 et MRX modifient la dynamique des histones. Gcn5 et MRX reduisent la densite d’histone sur l’ADN replique alors que Set1 maintient la mobilite des nucleosomes. La modification de la dynamique des histones semble importante pour une reponse cellulaire efficace au stress replicatif et pour le chargement de complexes SMC aux fourches de replication.
Behaviors associated with cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability to ethanol test due to feeding restriction

The experiment was carried out to identify changes in the behaviorr of lactating cows induced by severe feeding restriction and further refeeding that could serve as facilitators for the visual identification of cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability. Twelve cows were separated into two groups: Control: full diet supply; Restriction: 50% of the full diet. Feed restriction lasted seven days (Period 1), with posterior supply of full diet for seven days (Period 2) for all treatments. Behavior was observed on the first and fifth days in each period from 08h40 to 19h00. Ingestive and social behavior were monitored. Cortisol assessed stress levels. Analysis of variance and multifactorial statistical analyzes were performed. Adequate feed supply reduced stress, improved animals' welfare and milk stability to the ethanol test. Elevation in the incidence of behavior related with hunger, frustration and discomfort is an indicator of cows more prone to produce milk with reduced stability.
Ultrastructure, biomechanical and chemical properties of the vestigial dentition of a Cuvier's beaked whale

ABSTRACT Beaked whales are poorly known cetaceans with a peculiar dentition consisting of one or two pairs of mandibular tusks, sometimes accompanied by dozens of peg-like rudimentary teeth normally concealed in the gum tissue. This study investigated the ultrastructure, chemical and biomechanical properties of vestigial teeth in a specimen of Cuvier's beaked whale deposited in the Otago Museum collections. The juvenile individual had 49 needle-like vestigial teeth in situ on the lower jaws. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a thin layer of semi-structured prismless enamel covering the teeth. Mechanical properties values were within the range of values reported for other cetaceans, suggesting relaxed biomechanical functional demands. Chemical analyses revealed preservation of the hydroxyapatite composition despite morphological simplification and vestigial nature. The presumed high incidence of vestigial teeth in Ziphius cavirostris, the small size and the degenerate nature of these structures are consistent with their interpretation as vestiges rather than atavisms.
Empirical evidence for large-scale human impact on intertidal aggregations, larval supply and recruitment of Pyura praeputialis around the Bay of Antofagasta, Chile

In northern Chile, Pyura praeputialis is an invasive species inhabiting rocky intertidal and subtidal habitats restricted exclusively to the Bay of Antofagasta where it forms extensive aggregations. The negative impact of Pyura gathering on mid-intertidal abundances of this species has recently been reported at the south-eastern end of this bay. In the present study we have increased sampling sites to cover the entire bay toward the north-western end and the northern section, where a coastal marine reserve for the scallop fishery partially restricts shellfish gathering. Therefore, the sampling sites were chosen to represent different levels of shellfish gathering access along the northern shore of the bay. Long-term monitoring (1999–2014) of changes in tunicate cover and the abundances of larvae and recruits at seven sites are reported. The opening of a remodelled artificial and recreational beach in 2012, on the central-eastern shore of the bay, has increased accessibility to rocky intertidal platforms that started to be massively visited by Pyura gatherers from the summer of 2013. This allowed for the implementation of an intensive short-term monitoring program of changes in tunicate cover and the abundances of their larvae and recruits. When gathering access was present the reduction in intertidal cover was generalized to the entire bay and followed by reductions in larvae and recruits. However, these reductions were not found in sites with more restricted gathering access. We conclude that continuous extraction by Pyura gatherers followed by reductions of conspecific larvae and recruits are the main drivers behind the reduced abundance of P. praeputialis in the entire bay of Antofagasta. Thus, if gathering is not stopped important ecosystem services provided by this tunicate in the bay may be threatened. Similar consequences may be expected if other massive and irreversible reductions in other species of the Pyura complex, that inhabit other coasts in the southern hemisphere, occur. The controversy concerning the impacts of invasive species and whether they cause negative, positive or neutral impacts to original ecosystems and fisheries is discussed.
The Effect of Propofol on Hypoxic damaged-HaCaT Cells

Background: Autophagy is a self-eating process that is important for balancing sources of energy at critical times in development and in response stress. Autophagy also plays a protective role in removing clearing damaged intracellular organelles and aggregated proteins as well as eliminating intracellular pathogens. The purpose of the present study was to examine the protective effect of propofol against hypoxic damage using keratinocytes. Methods: Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Propofol which were made by dissolving them in DMSO were kept frozen at -4℃ until use. The stock was diluted to their concentration with DMEM when needed. Prior to propofol treatment cells were grown to about 80% confluence and then exposed to propofol at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μM) for 2 h pretreatment. Cell viability was measured using a quantitative colorimetric assay with thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay), and fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis were used for evaluation of autophagy processes. Results: The viability of propofol-treated HaCaT cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Propofol did not show any significant toxic effect on the HaCaT cells. The autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, reduced cell viability of hypoxia-injured HaCat cells. Fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis showed propofol induce autophagy pathway signals. Conclusions: Propofol enhanced viability of hypoxia-injured HaCaT cells and we suggest propofol has cellular protective effects by autophagy signal pathway activation.