Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endurance Exercise Mimetics in Skeletal Muscle

Regular exercise promotes favorable structural and metabolic adaptations, especially in the skeletal muscle, to boost endurance and cardiovascular health. These changes are driven by a network of incompletely understood molecular pathways that trigger transcriptional remodeling of the skeletal muscle. In this article, we describe recent advances in the understanding of the key components of this circuitry [namely peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta (PPAR&dgr;), adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator two protein 1 (SIRT1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &ggr; coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1&agr;)] that govern aerobic transformation of the skeletal muscles. We also discuss recent discoveries that raise the possibility of synthetically mimicking exercise with pathway-specific drugs to improve aerobic capacity and, in turn, health.
Oportunidades educativas y desigualdad: percepciones respecto a la incidencia de la educación en la estructura social

En las ultimas dos decadas Chile ha experimentado un importante proceso de masificacion de la educacion secundaria y terciaria, permitiendo un aumento de los niveles educacionales de la sociedad en su conjunto. Sin embargo, persisten importantes desigualdades en los resultados y en el acceso. En este contexto, se plantea la pregunta respecto a la valoracion de la educacion en relacion a las posibilidades de ascenso e insercion en la estructura social. Desde una perspectiva que considera el valor simbolico de los titulos, mas alla de su rentabilidad en el mercado laboral, la investigacion privilegia los aspectos subjetivos en torno a los que se construye la relacion entre educacion y estructura social. El articulo da cuenta del analisis de entrevistas cualitativas respecto a la desigualdad y estructura social en Chile, realizadas a personas que se desempenan en puestos de servicios en la Region Metropolitana de Santiago. Desde la perspectiva de los sujetos entrevistados, la educacion en relacion a la estructura social actua en tres niveles diferenciados. Para los sectores acomodados significa la posibilidad de mantener y aumentar los beneficios economicos y sociales poseidos. Para los sectores medios actua como mecanismo de movilidad, pero solo al interior de ese amplio segmento de poblacion, aqui es donde se cumpliria la promesa meritocratica. Por su parte, los pobres se distinguen por no acceder a educacion o haber accedido a una de muy mala calidad, lo que influye en que permanezcan en una posicion de desventaja
Reliability of clinical monitoring to assess blood volume in critically ill patients

Blood volumes measured by indicator dilution method in over 1500 instances of critically ill patients of various etiologies and at various times throughout their critical illness were compared with the values of concomitantly measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), CVP, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (WP), Hct, and cardiac output. During resuscitation from hypovolemic shock, the patients' blood volumes and the monitored variables were significantly altered. However, there were poor correlations between the extent of blood volume changes and these variables during resuscitation as well as throughout the critical illness, irrespective of the etiologic type or stage of shock. With administration of a fluid load, blood volume and values of the commonly monitored variables improved appropriately, but the correlation coefficients, in general, were not good. The data suggest that the commonly monitored variables, in and of themselves, do not reflect adequately the blood volume status in critically ill patients.
The macroeconomic impact of non-communicable diseases in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons

presentation “The Economics of Population Aging in China and India”, a conference on the Global Demography of Aging, South Asia Weatherhead We thank and the participants of the Economics of Population Aging in China and India conference valuable and source: This study Global Demography of The views expressed are those do not the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER discussion and not peer-reviewed NBER ABSTRACT This paper provides estimates of the economic impact of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in China and India for the period 2012-2030. Our estimates are derived using WHO’s EPIC model of economic growth, which focuses on the negative effects of NCDs on labor supply and capital accumulation. We present results for the five main NCDs (cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, and mental health). Our undiscounted estimates indicate that the cost of the five main NCDs will total USD 27.8 trillion for China and USD 6.2 trillion for India (in 2010 USD). For both countries, the most costly domains are cardiovascular disease and mental health, followed by respiratory disease. Our analyses also reveal that the costs are much larger in China than in India mainly because of China’s higher income and older population. Rough calculations also indicate that WHO’s Best Buys for addressing the challenge of NCDs are highly cost-beneficial.
Integrated CMOS Sensor Array for Optical Heterodyne Phase Sensing

A heterodyne interferometric CMOS 8 × 8 phase sensor array was developed to measure the spatial phase distribution of an optical wavefront. This sensor is suitable for measuring rapidly changing surface profiles and characterizing fast turbulence. Using an acousto-optic modulation frequency of 80 MHz and beat frequency of 10 kHz, the system calculates 8-bit phase data at each location in the array at a rate equal to the beat frequency. The phase computation is performed locally, digitized, and stored in 8-bit SRAM. Implemented in a 0.5-μm 2P3M CMOS process, the measured RMS phase error is 1.49° (1 LSB) and mismatch has σ = 4.76° (3.4 LSB). Experimental results, in agreement with theory, validate the proposed approach.
Realising Edge Analytics for Early Prediction of Readmission: A Case Study

The post-discharge support is increasingly suggested for stroke patients to be discharged earlier and start rehabilitation at home. Considering that stroke patients usually have a high chance of recurrence, a good prognostic program is essential to improve diagnostic capabilities while reducing readmission rate to further save medical sources. In this context, various machine learning methods have been leveraged to obtain diagnostic findings and guide further treatments. However, those approaches mainly focus on performing analysis using a single data source obtained from the hospital, which could ignore the information complementarity between different groups of features and several subtle and discrete differences of physical interpretation among them. In this paper, we propose an Edge-based system design for post-stroke surveillance and warning prediction, called PSMART (Post-Stroke Mobile Auxiliary Rudiment Treatment), for processing enriched pathogenic factors of ischemic stroke from multi-sensors (views) to make readmission warning predictions. Our approach can considerably enrich the distinctive features from raw data, as well as exploit the consistency and complementary proprieties of different views, leading to better learning results. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on a real-world dataset, and the accuracy can reach up to 98.98%. Moreover, experiment results also show that our proposed approach can provide better accuracy when compared to the single-view ones.
DDT dehydrochlorinase. II. Substrate and cofactor specificity.

In Paper I (1) of this series methods of purification and measurement of DDT dehydrochlorinase’ were described. Those physical and chemical properties that could be determined with the small amounts of purified enzyme available were presented. It was shown that proton liberation from the tertiary carbon atom of DDT (C-2) was not stimulated at alkaline pH although the enzyme possesses considerable stability between pH 7 and 10. Differences in specificity previously reported (2) as well as the depressed rate of reaction at high pH distinguishes the enzymic mechanism from the base-catalyzed elimination described by Grist01 et al. (3). For the purpose of clarifying the detoxifying mechanism a study has been made of the effect of alternative substrates, cofactors, and group-specific inhibitors on the reaction rate. Sternburg et al. (2) with the USC of crude enzyme preparations and the bead assay showed that only those halogenated hydrocarbons whose structure resembled DDT were attacked, and that the p , p’-ring substituents were obligatory. The turnover of GSH during the reaction was followed by both the titrimetric method of Bray et al. (4), and the nitroprusside reaction. No oxidation of the SH group could be detected. The inability of cysteine and BAL to replace GSH was also noted (2). In a subsequent investigation of the effect of so called “DDT-synergists” on the system, Moorefield and Kearns (5) demonstrated that some DDT analogues could serve as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme, but no clear relation was apparent between the potencies of these compounds in viuo and in vitro.
Modulation of potassium currents by angiotensin and oxidative stress in cardiac cells from the diabetic rat

Diabetes induces oxidative stress and leads to attenuation of cardiac K+ currents. We investigated the role of superoxide ions and angiotensin II (ANG II) in generating and linking oxidative stress to the modulation of K+ currents under diabetic conditions. K+ currents were measured using patch‐clamp methods in ventricular myocytes from streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Superoxide ion levels, indicating oxidative stress, were measured by fluorescent labelling with dihydroethidium (DHE). ANG II content was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent asssay (ELISA). The results showed DHE fluorescence to be significantly higher in cells from diabetic males, compared to controls. Relief of stress by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or by superoxide dismutase (SOD) but not by catalase reversed the attenuation of K+ currents and reduced DHE fluorescence. In cells from diabetic females, neither apocynin nor SOD augmented K+ currents, ANG II was not elevated and DHE fluorescence was significantly weaker than in cells from males. Reduced glutathione (GSH) also augmented K+ currents in cells from diabetic males but not females. In ovariectomized diabetic females K+ currents were augmented by GSH and apocynin. Current augmentation and the attenuation of DHE fluorescence by apocynin were significantly blunted by excess ANG II (300 nm). Diabetic male rats pretreated with the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor quinapril were hyperglycaemic, but their cellular ANG II levels and DHE fluorescence were significantly decreased. In cells from these rats, K+ currents were insensitive to apocynin. In conclusion, diabetes‐related oxidative stress attenuates K+ currents through ANG II‐generated increased superoxide ion levels. When ANG II levels are lower, as in diabetic females or following ACE inhibition in males, oxidative stress is reduced, with blunted alterations in K+ currents.
Motion Scaling for High-Performance Driving Simulators

Advanced driving simulators aim at rendering the motion of a vehicle with maximum fidelity, which requires increased mechanical travel, size, and cost of the system. Motion cueing algorithms reduce the motion envelope by taking advantage of limitations in human motion perception, and the most commonly employed method is just to scale down the physical motion. However, little is known on the effects of motion scaling on motion perception and on actual driving performance. This paper presents the results of a European collaborative project, which explored different motion scale factors in a slalom driving task. Three state-of-the-art simulator systems were used, which were capable of generating displacements of several meters. The results of four comparable driving experiments, which were obtained with a total of 65 participants, indicate a preference for motion scale factors below 1, within a wide range of acceptable values (0.4-0.75). Very reduced or absent motion cues significantly degrade driving performance. Applications of this research are discussed for the design of motion systems and cueing algorithms for driving simulation.
Comparison of support provided by a semirigid orthosis and adhesive ankle taping before, during, and after exercise

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of athletic taping and a semirigid orthosis in providing inversion-eversion range restriction before, during, and after a 3 hour volleyball practice. The effect of each support method on the subjects' vertical jump ing ability was also assessed. Fourteen ankles were treated with both methods of support. Passive inver sion-eversion range of motion was measured on an ankle stability test instrument during five testing ses sions : 1) before support, 2) before exercise, 3) 20 minutes during exercise, 4) 60 minutes during exercise, and 5) after exercise. The two-way analysis of variance and posthoc comparisons revealed maximal losses in taping restriction for both inversion and eversion at 20 minutes into exercise. The orthosis demonstrated no mechanical restrictive failure until before and after ex ercise comparisons were made, and then only eversion range of motion was compromised. Neither support system affected subjects' vertical jumping ability. These results suggest that the semirigid orthosis may be more effective than taping in providing initial ankle protection and in guarding against ligamentous reinjury.
Cancellation of photoinduced absorption in metal nanoparticle composites through a counterintuitive consequence of local field effects

By applying the Maxwell Garnett model to gold nanoparticles in water we deduce a value of Im χi(3)=1.1×10-7 esu for the imaginary part of the cubic susceptibility for gold corresponding to a Fermi smearing mechanism. We also demonstrate a sign reversal in the nonlinear absorption for gold particles in 1, 1′, 3, 3, 3′, 3′-hexamethylindotricarbocyanine iodide. Although the imaginary part of χ(3) is positive for each component by itself, remarkably the imaginary part of χ(3) is negative for the colloid as a whole. We show that the nonlinearity of the host must be considered and that the sign reversal in χ(3) is a result of the fact that at the surface plasmon resonance the local field factor has an imaginary component that arises from a phase shift between the applied field and the local field inside the particle.
Following Pathogen Development and Gene Expression in a Food Ecosystem: the Case of a Staphylococcus aureus Isolate in Cheese

ABSTRACT Human intoxication or infection due to bacterial food contamination constitutes an economic challenge and a public health problem. Information on the in situ distribution and expression of pathogens responsible for this risk is to date lacking, largely because of technical bottlenecks in detecting signals from minority bacterial populations within a complex microbial and physicochemical ecosystem. We simulated the contamination of a real high-risk cheese with a natural food isolate of Staphylococcus aureus, an enterotoxin-producing pathogen responsible for food poisoning. To overcome the problem of a detection limit in a solid matrix, we chose to work with a fluorescent reporter (superfolder green fluorescent protein) that would allow spatiotemporal monitoring of S. aureus populations and targeted gene expression. The combination of complementary techniques revealed that S. aureus localizes preferentially on the cheese surface during ripening. Immunochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy enabled us to visualize, in a single image, dairy bacteria and pathogen populations, virulence gene expression, and the toxin produced. This procedure is readily applicable to other genes of interest, other bacteria, and different types of food matrices.
New fuzzy ranking algorithm for discrete event simulation

Discrete event simulation requires modeling input parameters using probability distributions. However, in some cases it may not be possible to obtain a probability distribution for an input parameter because of lack of data. Fuzzy set theory may be used in these cases to model the input parameters using fuzzy sets. The event list will contain events with fuzzy time sets that usually overlap and the problem becomes how to rank these fuzzy sets and advance the simulation clock. In this paper the authors present a ranking algorithm that can generate all possible system evolutions. The algorithm was applied to a single server model where the inter-arrival time and the service time were modeled as triangular fuzzy numbers. Results obtained were compared with results obtained from a comparable triangular distribution and a normal distribution used as benchmarks. Performance parameter used is the utilization percentage of the facility. Results show similar utilization rates and convergence.
In vitro propagation and characterization of neoplastic stem/progenitor‐like cells from human prostate cancer tissue

According to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, tumor growth is sustained by a subpopulation of cancer stem/progenitor‐like cells. Self‐renewal and high clonogenic potential are characteristics shared by normal stem and neoplastic stem/progenitor‐like cells. We investigated whether human prostate cancer specimens contain cells with these properties.
Power Allocation for Wireless Video Streaming over MIMO Systems with Superposition Coding

Recently, video distribution over wireless networks has become more common due to the spread of smart devices. This paper proposes an optimal power allocation algorithm for the transmission of layered video streams over point-to-point multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems combined with superposition coding. The proposed power allocation scheme is derived from the maximization of the weighted sum-rate, where two-step optimization leads to a closed-form solution. First, the power distribution between eigen-channels is optimized, and then the optimal power allocation to quality layers is obtained. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme attains higher peak signalto-noise ratio on average in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratio than conventional fixed power allocation schemes.
New frontiers in the evolution of fin development.

The locomotory appendages of vertebrates have undergone significant changes during evolution, which likely promoted a wide range of adaptive strategies. These appendages first evolved as unpaired finfolds in the dorsal midline of early chordates, more than 500 million years ago. Later on, during vertebrates' radiation, two sets of locomotory appendages emerged, developing from both sides of the latero-ventral body wall. The morphology of these paired fins in fishes at different phylogenetic positions suggests an evolutionary tendency for increasing elaboration of the endoskeleton and concomitant reduction of the distal dermoskeleton. This evolutionary process culminated with the origin of limbs in the lineages leading to tetrapods. The developmental programs responsible for the evolution of vertebrate appendages have been a major topic for evolutionary developmental biology recently. Gene expression comparisons performed in chordates explored how these mechanisms were transferred from a midline to latero-ventral position. On another front, gene function assays have begun to test classical hypotheses concerning the transition from fish fins to tetrapod limbs. In this review, we highlight these recent findings on the evolution of vertebrate fin development. First, we discuss new perspectives on the transition from midline to paired appendages focus on (i) origin and molecular regionalization of the lateral plate mesoderm and (ii) novel ectodermic competency zones for fin induction. Next, we review recent work exploring how tetrapod limbs evolved from fish fins, considering (i) molecular and structural changes in the distal ectoderm of fins and (ii) modulation of 5'HoxD transcription during fin endoskeleton development.
Pattern Reconfigurable Cubic Antenna

A new single-feed reconfigurable antenna for pattern diversity is presented in this paper. The proposed structure is based on a metallic cubic cavity which radiates through rectangular slots. The pattern reconfiguration is achieved with PIN diode switches by short-circuiting slots in their center. The designed antenna can switch between three different radiation patterns which radiate in a 4pi steradian range and can receive any incident field polarizations. A prototype of the antenna, including PIN diodes and operating in the 5 GHz band, has been built to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. Measurements have been conducted and three-dimensional radiation patterns are provided. Diversity performances are evaluated by calculating the envelope correlation coefficient.
Optimal design of link structure for e-supermarket website

The objective of this research is to optimize the link structure of webpages for an e-supermarket. Customers are looking for greater convenience in shopping when they visit the website of an e-supermarket, while e-supermarket managers prefer webpages that contain information about profitable products to be visited more frequently. In order to balance the interests of both parties and to aid the webmaster in updating the website regularly, we present a mathematical model with the objective of minimizing the overall weighted distances between webpages. An updating algorithm is used to determine the distance between pages. It is proved to be more efficient under certain special circumstances. We propose the statistical Hopfield neural-network and the strategic oscillation-based tabu-search algorithms as solving methods. The former is appropriate for optimizing small-scale problems. The latter is good at solving large-scale problems approximately. The preliminary validity of the model and the performance of the algorithms is demonstrated by experiments on a small website and several large websites, using randomly generated data. The destination pages that customers and website managers preferred are proved to be more accessible after optimization.
Gastric accommodation in non-ulcer dyspepsia and the roles ofHelicobacter pylori infection and vagal function

Background The pathophysiological mechanisms in non-ulcer dyspepsia are incompletely understood. Aims To compare gastric motor and sensory functions in Helicobacter pyloripositive or negative patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Patients Seventeen patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and 16 asymptomatic controls. Methods The following were evaluated: gastrointestinal symptoms; gastric emptying and orocaecal transit of solids; abdominal vagal function; gastric compliance; fasting and postprandial gastric tone and phasic contractions; symptoms during ingestion of cold water and during the distension of an intragastric bag; and somatic sensitivity and personality profile (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI). Results Gastric accommodation was reduced in H pylori negative dyspeptics relative to controls; the degree of accommodation was unrelated toH pylori status in dyspeptics. Increased postprandial gastric sensation was more frequent amongH pylori positive patients (4/5H pylori positive versus 4/12H pylori negative patients). Intragastric meal distribution and orocaecal transit were normal; gastric emptying at four hours was abnormal in 4/17 patients. Vagal dysfunction was rare. Eight of 17 patients had somatisation or depression on MMPI. Conclusion Impaired gastric accommodation is frequent in non-ulcer dyspepsia and seems to be unrelated to vagal efferent dysfunction. H pylori infection does not seem to influence gastric accommodation, but is associated with heightened sensitivity in dyspeptics. Therapeutic approaches that restore normal postprandial accommodation and gastric sensitivity should be tested in non-ulcer dyspepsia.