Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Cancer and Current Therapeutic Approaches

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Most thyroid cancers originate from thyroid follicular cells [1]. There are four histological types of thyroid cancer papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for more than 85% to 90% of all thyroid malignancies. In particular, PTC and FTC are considered as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and the current treatment for DTC remains surgical intervention, with in some cases adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy (RAI). Importantly, recurrent and RAI refractory DTC, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and ATC are very aggressive [2,3]. The recent advances in the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer have significantly improved the treatment strategies and the clinical management of patients with aggressive thyroid cancer.
Study of the Effect of Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Commiphora africana (Stem-bark) on Inflammation and Pain in Rodents

Inflammatory response of living bodies is a protective mechanism against infected organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Commiphora africana (stem-bark) on inflammation and pain. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using the rat paw edema model. The analgesic activity was studied using the acetic acid induced writhings in mice. The results showed that the hydro-ethanolic (stem-bark) extract of Commiphora africana possess significant (p<0.05) anti-inflmmatory effect and inhibit abdominal constriction caused by acetic acid in mice. The results of the preliminary phytochemical screening of Commiphora africana (stem bark) extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and reducing sugars. The LD 50 was calculated as 3708.7 mg/kg in rats and 471.2 mg/kg in mice. It was concluded that the plant is or may be a very good source of analgesic.
Supernova Progenitors: Theory, Observation and Outstanding Questions

Supernovae play a prominent role in current theories of cosmology, galaxy evolution and stellar evolution. Key to understanding supernovae is a characterization of their progenitors. A robust body of theoretical work predicts the nature of these stars, but direct observations are lacking. Current theory and observations to date are summarized, as well as open questions in the field. Interferometric methods are proposed for the resolution of some of these questions.
Preliminary analysis of Mesoscale Convective Systems transitioning off the West African Coast during NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (NAMMA)

Tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean are significant components of the energy transport from the lower latitudes to the higher latitudes of the globe. However, these storms can take their toll on the people and places that lie within their path. Because of the possible effect on human life, it is important to understand the generation and formation of these systems in an effort to improve the public awareness of these events. One way to increase public awareness is to improve upon the forecast methods of tropical cyclones. Studying the locations where the systems originate is a great place to begin when trying to improve upon the prediction methods. For most landfalling and non-landfalling cases in the Atlantic Basin, tropical storms and hurricanes form as a direct result of African Easterly Waves (AEW) and Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) moving off the West African coast during the African Monsoon season (Burpee, 1972; Thorncroft and Hodges 2001). Over half of the AEW that move off the coast are found to produce tropical cyclones (Frank, 1970; Burpee, 1972). The Sahel region of Africa, which is bounded by the Sahara Desert to the north and tropical regions to the south, is where the AEW originate and propagate. The dynamics behind AEW formation are reliant on several factors. Two of these factors are the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and the low-level flow, both of which are instrumental to the formation and strengthening
Thirty Years of Islamic Banking: History, Performance and Prospects

Thirty years ago, Islamic banking was unheard of. It was considered as, mentioned by the authors, as "wishful thinking" (p.ix). It is only in the early 1970s, and especially after the launch of the First International Conference on Islamic Economics organized by King Abdul Aziz University in Makkah, Saudi Arabia and the establishment of the first commercial Islamic Bank, Dubai Islamic Bank (DIB) in the United Arab Emirates followed by the establishment of the international Islamic Development Bank (IDB) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and the many private and semi-private commercial Islamic banks that were established after that in Egypt, Sudan, Kuwait, Bahrain, etc. that Islamic banking established itself not only as a feasible and viable alternative of financial intermediation but also as an efficient and productive way of undertaking financial intermediation between surplus and deficit economic units.
Verif icat ion Tools *

Abst rac t . We present an experiment of applying existing verification tools for process algebra, namely ACTL model checker and AUTO, to a system based on parallel logic programming: Extended Shared Prolog (ESP). The constructed tool ESP-MC (a semi-automatic model checker for ESP) models value passing by suitably expanding all the data that influence the control part of the specification. The same expansion of data is performed both in the generated model and in the logic formulae. In this way symbolic formulae can be proved on a finite model of the ESP program, which provides the base for the analysis of the properties in the infinite ESP models.
and Richard Rogers of Resnick ' s Model of Malingering The Effectiveness of the Personality Assessment Inventory With Feigned PTSD : An Initial Investigation

Malingered posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses a formidable clinical challenge because of the apparent ease in feigning PTSD. As an additional confound, some patients with genuine PTSD produce elevated profiles on feigning indicators that are difficult to distinguish from feigned PTSD. The current study utilized 109 inpatients from a trauma unit to examine whether the Personality Assessment Inventory and the Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress can effectively differentiate between genuine and feigned PTSD. As a primary focus, Resnick’s model of malingered PTSD was evaluated with its three subtypes: pure malingering, partial malingering, and false imputation. They were tested on their ability to (a) effectively simulate PTSD and (b) avoid being classified as feigning. The partial malingering group proved to be the best feigning group in achieving these two goals. Overall, the Personality Assessment Inventory Malingering Index and Negative Distortion Scale were the most effective at identifying feigning.
Running head : OAMDP induces autophagy and apoptosis

4β-(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-amino-5-methyl)-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin (OAMDP), a novel podophyllotoxin derivative, has demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity with significant cytotoxic effect. Here we report the anti-proliferative effect of OAMDP, for which OAMDP could suppress the proliferation of HepG2 cells (human hepatoma cell line) in a doseand time-dependent manner. After treating with OAMDP, cell apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis revealed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. OAMDP increased apoptotic cell population with induction of Bax, cytochrome c (cyt-c), caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP1 and the reduction of Bcl-2 and p-Akt protein expressions. The MAPK family, JNK, ERK, p38, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, were also regulated by OAMDP in HepG2 cells. Moreover, cell cycle analysis showed that OAMDP induced S or G2/M phase arrest through modulation of cycle regulatory proteins. In addition, MDC staining and LC3 protein expression indicated that autophagy was induced by OAMDP in HepG2 cells. To sum up, our results suggested that OAMDP, with the ability to induce autophagy, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, has potential to become a novel antitumor agent.
Rotating stellar models and dynamic tides in close binaries: A first approach

Rotating stellar models - homogeneous and evolved ones - were introduced for the first time, in order to investigate the effects of rotationally induced changes in the internal structure of stars on the apsidal motion in close binary systems within the framework of the theory of dynamic tides. The rotating models are calculated in the quasi-spherical approximation under the assumption that the star rotates as a solid body. The models show that the spectrum of resonances between dynamic tides and free oscillation modes is substantially modified by rotation. In particular, the changes in the internal structure of the rotating models yield complex spectra which are more than simple images of the spectra in non-rotating models shifted in the period space. An immediate consequence of the differences between rotating and non-rotating models is that a reconsideration of the global problem of the apsidal-motion may be in order.
Eating Disorders : The Journal of Treatment & Prevention

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Prevalence , Morbidity , and Mortality of Asthma in Hispanics Hispanic America Phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood

This review provides an update on asthma in Hispanics, a diverse group tracing their ancestry to countries previously under Spanish rule. A marked variability in the prevalence and morbidity from asthma remains among Hispanic subgroups in the United States and Hispanic America. In the United States, Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans have high and low burdens of asthma, respectively (the “Hispanic Paradox”). This wide divergence in asthma morbidity among Hispanic subgroups is multifactorial, likely reflecting the effects of known (secondhand tobacco smoke, air pollution, psychosocial stress, obesity, inadequate treatment) and potential (genetic variants, urbanization, vitamin D insufficiency, and eradication of parasitic infections) risk factors. Barriers to adequate asthma management in Hispanics include economic and educational disadvantages, lack of health insurance, and no access to or poor adherence with controller medications such as inhaled corticosteroids. Although considerable progress has been made in our understanding of asthma in Hispanic subgroups, many questions remain. Studies of asthma in Hispanic America should focus on environmental or lifestyle factors that are more relevant to asthma in this region (e.g., urbanization, air pollution, parasitism, and stress). In the United States, research studies should focus on risk factors that are known to or may diverge among Hispanic subgroups, including but not limited to epigenetic variation, prematurity, vitamin D level, diet, and stress. Clinical trials of culturally appropriate interventions that address multiple aspects of asthma management in Hispanic subgroups should be prioritized for funding. Ensuring high-quality healthcare for all remains a pillar of eliminating asthma disparities.
Characterization of the soybean GmALMT family genes and the function of GmALMT 5 in response to phosphate starvation Running title : Characterization of GmALMT response to Pi starvation

1. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China 2. Root Biology Center, Hai Xia Institute of Science and Technology, Fu Jian Agricultural and Forest University, Fuzhou 350002, China † These authors contributed equally to this work * Correspondence: Cuiyue Liang (liangcy@scau.edu.cn)
Adversaries of Consumption: Consumer Movements, Activism, and Ideology

This article focuses on consumer movements that seek ideological and cultural change. Building from a basis in New Social Movement (NSM) theory, we study these movements among anti‐advertising, anti‐Nike, and anti‐GE food activists. We find activists’ collective identity linked to an evangelical identity related to U.S. activism’s religious roots. Our findings elucidate the value of spiritual and religious identities to gaining commitment, warn of the perils of preaching to the unconverted, and highlight movements that seek to transform the ideology and culture of consumerism. Conceiving mainstream consumers as ideological opponents inverts conventional NSM theories that view them as activists’ clients.
A numerical approach for Gaussian rational formulas to handle difficult poles

Let f be a meromorphic function in a neighborhood V of the real interval I , such that {z; f(z) = ∞} ⊂ V \I . Let W (x) be a weight function with possibly some integrable singularities at the end points of I . The problem of evaluating the integral
Dominant factors for very-high-cycle fatigue of high-strength steels and a new design method for components

Dominant factors affecting fatigue failure from non-metallic inclusions in the very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime are reviewed, and the mechanism for the disappearance of the conventional fatigue limit is discussed. Specifically, this paper focuses on the following: (i) the crucial role of internal hydrogen trapped by non-metallic inclusions for the growth of the optically dark area (around the non-metallic inclusion at fracture origin), (ii) the behaviour of the crack growth from a non-metallic inclusion as a small crack and (iii) the statistical aspects of the VHCF strength, in consideration of the maximum inclusion size, using statistics of extremes. In addition, on the basis of the aforementioned findings, a new fatigue design method is proposed for the VHCF regime. The design method gives the allowable stress, sigma(allowable), for a determined design life, N-fD, as the lower bound of scatter of fatigue strength, which depends on the amount of components produced.
Liver Transplantation mTOR inhibitors : What role in liver transplantation ?

The development of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) led to marked outcomes of LTx have improved with advances in surgical proceimprovements in patient and graft survival after liver transplantation (LTx). We have been left, however, with a dependence on immunosuppressive agents with nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, adverse impacts on cardiac risk profile, and risk for malignancy. These challenges need to be met against a dominance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as indications for liver transplant. Unmet needs for immunosuppression (IS) in LTx include: (1) Effective drugs that avoid CNIs toxicities. (2) Agents without adverse impact on HCV recurrence. (3) Compounds that minimize risk of HCC recurrence. New immunosuppressives will need to address the above needs while supporting patient and graft survival equivalent to those achievable with CNIs, ideally without important new toxicities. Two new classes of agents are currently in advanced clinical development: belatacept, and the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (m-TORi). This manuscript will review evidence for a role for m-TORi in LTx in a range of clinical scenarios including patients with CNI nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity, patients at risk of (or with) HCV recurrence, and patients at risk of HCC recurrence. 2011 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Towards Low Carbon Universities in Nigeria: Agenda for Green Information Technology

Over the years, so many efforts have been put in place towards achieving environmental sustainability. The international community has presented many models and frameworks aimed at creating sustainability awareness and cleaner productions among nations. Research concepts, policies, and technologies designed to foster the production of goods and services that conform to the standards of environmental sustainability were offered for consideration and use. However, the pace at which individuals and organisations adopt environmental sustainability policies differ across countries. Increase e-waste from the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is becoming an important environmental issue that requires urgent attention. To control the ICT e-waste, production of environmentally friendly ICT known as Green Information Technology (Green IT) and their use among individuals and organisations should be encouraged. While the adoption of Green IT in organisations has been partly considered by researchers, its adoption among individuals has largely been overlooked. In Nigeria, the university communities represent the best place for promoting and enshrining the environmental sustainability policies being home to youth who are likely to be more conscious to issues related to sustainable environment. This paper provides a framework for understanding and explaining the individual adoption of Green IT. An extensive literature review was carried out and an Integrated Model of Green IT adoption (IMGITA) in Nigeria is presented. The paper recommends the adoption of IMGITA in Nigerian universities that will facilitate green policies to enhance the low carbon development among Nigerians.
1 in Apical Papilla-derived Stem Cells β Regulatory Interplay between NFIC and TGF -

While transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can regulate odontoblast differentiation in tooth crown morphogenesis, its effects on cells including stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) involved in root formation are unclear. Nuclear factor I-C (NFIC) has been implicated in the regulation of root development, and interplay with TGF-β1 signaling has been reported in some cell types. We hypothesize that NFIC and TGF-β1 are important to the behavior of SCAPs and that the interplay between these molecules controls the regulation of the odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. TGF-β1 inhibited the proliferation of SCAPs and their mineralization. Real-time polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot results showed that TGF-β1 significantly decreased osteogenic/dentinogenic gene expression. The inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling (SIS3) attenuated the suppressive effect of TGF-β1 on SCAPs. Importantly, overexpression of NFIC antagonized the effects of TGF-β1 on SCAPs, while knockdown of NFIC enhanced these effects, demonstrating a key regulatory role for NFIC in modulating TGF-β1 signaling in SCAPs. We conclude that this interplay between NFIC and TGF-β1 regulates SCAPs behavior and can determine the differentiation of these cells. These signaling interactions help inform the development of regenerative strategies aimed at root growth and development in immature teeth for endodontic treatment. KEY WOrDs: odontoblast, SCAPs, endodontics, differentiation, dentinogenesis, regeneration. DOI: 10.1177/0022034514525200 Received September 29, 2013; Last revision January 26, 2014; Accepted January 31, 2014 A supplemental appendix to this article is published electronically only at http://jdr.sagepub. com/supplemental. © International & American Associations for Dental Research rEsEArch rEpOrts
IMPROVED TRAVELLING FIRES METHODOLOGY - iTFM

Current design codes and most of the understanding of behaviour of structures in fire are based on small enclosure fires. The World Trade Centre Tower fires in 2001 have highlighted the need of a more realistic design tools to represent fires in large compartments. Following the events Travelling Fires Methodology (TFM) has been developed by Stern-Gottfried and Rein to account for the travelling nature of fires. In this study the TFM is refined to account for more realistic fire dynamics. Equations are introduced to reduce the range of possible fire sizes. The analytical equations describing reducing far-field temperatures are presented. The concept of flame flapping is introduced to account for variation of temperatures in the near-field region due to natural fire oscillations. The need for more fundamental research and experimental evidence in large compartments for further development of and improvements on TFMis highlighted.
Deciduous-broadleaf forest simulation accuracy in the Community Land Model v4.0

Seasonal changes in leaf area index (LAI) are an important factor in determining radiative transfers, and ecosystem exchanges between the land and atmosphere components of the Community Land Model (CLM). Thus, striving for more accurate vegetation simulations will yield more realistic results from the CLM. A recent study showed a possible problem with the spring green-up in the vegetation simulation of a deciduous-broadleaf forest. This study was conducted using an older version of the CLM with an early prototype of the carbon-nitrogen (CN) biogeochemical model. The result of that study prompted an investigation into the current behavior of deciduous-broadleaf forests in the CLM v4.0. To investigate current behavior, we employed a multi-grid-cell, multi-year, monthly average of a prognostic and prescribed vegetation simulations, and also used averages of observed data from AmeriFlux tower sites. LAI values between the two simulations and observations were compared, and then effects on latent heat flux (LH), sensible heat flux (SH), gross primary production (GPP), and the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were assessed. Comparisons show that although there has been an improvement in the seasonal behavior of LAI, the LAI for the simulated vegetation is biased high. The high LAI causes increases of GPP and LH, and a decrease in SH. The NEE is underestimated during summer and overestimated during winter, but this does not appear to be caused by the high LAI values. These biases highlight the need for further study and improvement of CN model, and CLM accuracy. The Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science (SOARS) Program is managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) with support from participating universities. SOARS is funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, the Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes at Colorado State University, and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. SOARS 2011, Andre Perkins, 2