Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root biomass distribution under three cover types in a patchy Pseudotsuga menziesii forest in western Canada

Distribution de la biomasse racinaire sous trois types de couvert dans une foret irreguliere de Pseudotsuga menziesii du Canada occidental. Nous avons etudie la relation entre le type de couvert et la repartition de la biomasse racinaire entre differentes classes de dimension des racines, dans une foret seche regeneree naturellement de Douglas des Montagnes Rocheuses (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) situee dans la zone interieure meridionale de la Colombie Britannique au Canada. Cette station avait subi une coupe a la dimension 32 ans auparavant. Les tiges restantes, âgees de 130 a 170 ans, avaient, au moment de l'etude, un diametre a hauteur d'homme de 30 cm. On a creuse neuf fosses mesurant chacune 1,0 x 1,0 x 1,0 m sous trois types de couvert: peuplement adulte, clairieres a graminees (Calamagrostis rubescens) et bouquets de regeneration. La biomasse racinaire totale (tous diametres) va de 4,7 kg/m 2 sous peuplement adulte a 1,9 kg/m 2 sous les bouquets de regeneration et sous clairieres a graminees. La biomasse des racines fines (0,1 cm < Φ≤0,5 cm) etait du meme ordre sous les trois types de couvert (0,8 kg/m 2 ). Nous suggerons que cette similitude des valeurs de biomasse de racines fines entre les trois types de couvert est l'indice de l'existence d'une forte concurrence entre racines, dans cette station pauvre en ressources. Les ouvertures dans le couvert forestier se traduisent par des clairieres a Calamagrostis qui ne sont pas des zones sans racines.
Low Conservative Criteria for Robust Consensus of Multiagent Systems with Delays, Disturbances, and Topologies Uncertainties

Considering the limited communications conditions such as delays, disturbances, and topologies uncertainties, the stability criteria for robust consensus of multiagent systems are proposed in this paper. Firstly, by using the idea of state decomposition and space transformation, the condition for guaranteeing consensus is converted into verifying the robust stability of the disagreement system. In order to deal with multiple time-varying delays and switching topologies, jointly quadratic common Lyapunov-Krasovskii (JQCLK) functional is built to analyze the robust stability. Then, the numerical criterion can be obtained through solving the corresponding feasible nonlinear matrix inequality (NLMI); at last, nonlinear minimization is used like solving cone complementarity problem. Therefore, the linear matrix inequality (LMI) criterion is obtained, which can be solved by mathematical toolbox conveniently. In order to relax the conservativeness, free-weighting matrices (FWM) method is employed. Further, the conclusion is extended to the case of strongly connected topologies. Numerical examples and simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and the benefit on reducing conservativeness of the proposed criteria.
Coordination of control in robot teams using game-theoretic learning

Abstract This paper presents a distributed decision making approach to the problem of control effort allocation to robotic team members. The objective is for a team of autonomous robots to coordinate their actions in order to efficiently complete a task. A novel controller design methodology is proposed which allows the robot team to work together based on a gametheoretic learning algorithms using fictitious play and extended Kalman filters. In particular each robot of the team predicts the other robots' planned actions while making decision to maximise its own expected reward that is dependent on the reward for joint successful completion of the task. After theoretical analysis the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on a scenario of collaboration between material handling and patrolling robots in a warehouse.
Nyborg’s ‘The Intelligence-Religiosity Nexus’ and the Benefits of Consilience

A critique of Nyborg's (2009) analysis of the relationship between IQ and religiousness is presented. It is argued that its problems, although relatively minor, could have been avoided if Wilson's (1998) consilience model were followed. In particular, it presents a number of errors of categorization (which impact its results) that could have been avoided if a Religious Studies expert had been involved in the review process.
Equilibria in a Dipersal Model for Structured Populations

We derive a model for structured population with a two-phase life cycle. Growth and reproduction occur during the first phase. The first phase is followed by a dispersal phase in which individuals are allowed to move throughout a habitat. Also, we prove the existence of a branch of positive equilibria using bifurcation results of Rabinowitz.
Constraining the regular Galactic magnetic field with the 5-year WMAP polarization measurements at 22 GHz

Context. The knowledge of the regular (large scale) component of the Galactic magnetic field gives important information about the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way, and also constitutes a basic tool to determine cosmic ray trajectories. It can also provide clear windows where primordial magnetic fields could be detected. Aims. We aim to obtain the regular (large scale) pattern of the magnetic field distribution of the Milky Way that better fits the polarized synchrotron emission as seen by the WMAP satellite in the 5 years data at 22 GHz. Methods. We have done a systematic study of a number of Galactic magnetic field models: axisymmetric (with and without radial dependence on the field strength), bisymmetric (with and without radial dependence), logarithmic spiral arms, concentric circular rings with reversals and bi-toroidal. We have explored the parameter space defining each of these models using a grid-based approach. In total, more than one million models were computed. The model selection was done using a Bayesian approach. For each model, the posterior distributions were obtained and marginalized over the unwanted parameters to obtain the marginal (one-parameter) probability distribution functions. Results. In general, axisymmetric models provide a better description of the halo component, although with regard to their goodnessof-fit, the other models cannot be rejected. In the case of the disk component, the analysis is not very sensitive for obtaining the disk large-scale structure, because of the effective available area (less than 8% of the whole map and less than 40% of the disk). Nevertheless, within a given family of models, the best-fit parameters are compatible with those found in the literature. Conclusions. The family of models that better describes the polarized synchrotron halo emission is the axisymmetric one, with magnetic spiral arms with a pitch angle of ≈24 ◦ , and a strong vertical field of 1 μ Ga tz ≈ 1 kpc. When a radial variation is fitted, models require fast variations.
Calculations of near-edge x-ray-absorption spectra of gas-phase and chemisorbed molecules by means of density-functional and transition-potential theory

We explore the utility of density-functional theory ~DFT! in conjunction with the transition-potential ~TP! method to simulate x-ray-absorption spectra. Calculations on a set of small carbon-containing molecules and chemisorbed species show that this provides a viable option for obtaining excitation energies and oscillator strengths close to the experimental accuracy of core-valence transitions. Systematic variations in energy positions and intensities of the different spectra in the test series have been investigated, and comparison is made with respect to the static exchange-, self-consistent-field, and explicit electron-correlation methods. The choice between standard exchange-correlation functionals is shown to be of little consequence for the valence resonant, here p*, parts of the x-ray-absorption spectra, while the long-range behavior of presently available functionals is found not to be completely satisfactory for Rydberg-like transitions. Implementing a basis set augmentation technique, one finds that DFT methods still account well for most of the salient features in the near-edge x-ray-absorption spectra, save for the multielectron transitions in the near continuum, and for some loss of Rydberg structure. For clusters modeling surface adsorbates, the DFT transition potential method reproduces well the spectral compression and intensity reduction for the valence level absorption compared to the free phase, provided fairly large clusters are taken into account. While for near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure ~NEXAFS! spectra of free molecules the DFT-TP and Hartree-Fock/static exchange methods have complementary advantages, the DFT-TP method is clearly to be preferred when using clusters to simulate NEXAFS spectra of surface adsorbates. @S0163-1829~98! 00136-2#
The effects of educational intervention on self-care behavior and expected clinical outcome in patient undergoing liver transplantation

Background: Organ transplantation has the potential to rapidly restore the health and wellbeing of individuals experiencing end stage liver disease (ESLD). The aim of the research was to evaluate effects of educational intervention on self-care behaviors and expected clinical outcome in patient undergoing liver transplantation. Methods: A convenience sample of 60 liver patients was assigned for transplantation. The study was conducted in the transplanted Unit in Ain Shams University Hospitals. A quasi-experimental design with pre-post and follow up assessment has been used for this study. Tools were utilized to collect data such a) Self-care practice assessment tool, b) Patient physiological assessment sheet, and c) Demographic and medical health history tool. Results: Improvement in knowledge and self-care behaviors at the post and follow-up tests ( p < .0001) after implementation of program compared by pretest evaluation. There are significant improvements in blood pressure (BP) and laboratory results through study stage ( p < .001). The pain level improved after intervention and follow up ( p < .0001). There are statistically significant between age, job and self-care behaviors at follow up phase. Conclusions: Liver transplantation patients showed a positive improvement in their knowledge, self-care and physiological outcomes after implementing of program. Replication of the study on larger probability sample from different geographical areas to achieve more generalizable results.
The Causal Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Current Account: An Empirical Investigation for Pakistan Economy

This paper investigates relationship between FDI and current account (CA) in Pakistan using the Johansen-Juselius cointegration technique and the Granger causality test. The study results indicate that FDI and CA are cointegrated and thus exhibit a reliable long run relationship. The Granger causality test findings indicate that the causality between FDI and CA is uni-directional. However, there is no short run causality from FDI to CA and vice versa. Therefore, as a policy implication that FDI inflows may cause to the deterioration of the balance of payments in the long run should be taken into account when policy makers decide to implement policies to attract foreign investors.
Toward A Social Conception of Scientific Rationality

This paper examines the consequences of Feyerabend's thesis against the notion of scientific method. It is claimed that he has a strong case. Comparisons are made with other contemporary philos­ ophers of science such as Kuhn and Lakatos. A result of the case against method is that science appears not to be a rational enterprise. This con­ clusion is resisted. Nevertheless, in order to show that the rationality of science is compatible with Feyerabend's thesis, it is necessary to switch from a conception that ascribes scientific rationality to the individual scientist to a conception in which rationality is ascribed only to the enterprise of science as a whole. Then, scientific rationality is a social, or perhaps structural, property and our science actually has it to a large extent.
Measuring the Effective Rate of Protection In Vietnamâ€™s Economy after Five Years Joining WTO (An Input-Output Analysis Approach)

This paper is the expansion and updating from researching of Bui and Kobayashi (2011), it was studied on the economic structure of the I-O table 2007 and supply and use tables, 2010 (SUT 2010 update), and the actual nominal tax rate for the years 2005-2011. By using effective rate of protection (ERP) concept, the study provides analysis of the current tariff structure in order to estimate the structural change of ERP by goods sectors, and the impact of trade barriers (through tariff) in the Vietnamâ€™s economy. Economic indicators as ERP, OM (output multipliers) and BL (backward linkage) calculating from the I/O model are used to assess the effectiveness of industries. The recommendations on Vietnam trading policies are then suggested.
Formation of Cell-To-Cell Connection between Bone Marrow Cells and Isolated Rat Cardiomyocytes in a Cocultivation Model

Aims: Limited regenerative potential of cardiomyocytes (CMs) causes irreversible changes in heart tissue during pathological processes. However bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) can migrate to this tissue, incorporate to the area of dead or missing myocytes, and improve the global heart function. The mechanism of BMMSCs’ incorporation and interaction with CMs is not clear. Our aim was to create an in vitro model which would enable to study the interaction of BM-MNCs with CMs and to make a microscopy description of these interactions. Methods and Results: CMs were isolated from adult and newborn rats. BM-MNCs were isolated from bone marrow. BM-MNCs were added to the myocyte culture. Cell-to-cell adherence and Cx43 expression were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, Ca2+ transients were evaluated in cardiomyocyte-BMC communication under electrical stimulation by fluo-4 fluorescence measurement. Analysis of calcein transport from BM-MNCs to CMs was performed using fluorescence microscopy. Conclusions: The adherence of BM-MNCs to CMs occurred quickly and was stable. Cx43 was detected in contact zones between BM-MNCs and CMs; pairs which displayed Cx43 positivity represented less than 1% from all BM-MNC-cardiomyocyte pairs in the coculture. Conductive structures between CMs and BM-MNCs were formed and verified by imaging calcein transfer and synchronous Ca2+ transients.
The Effect of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Field with Time on Pain in Muscle Crushed Rat Model

Acute injuries to skeletal muscles can lead to significant pain and disability. Muscle pain results in muscle weakness and range of motion (ROM) decreases. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) promote tissue repair, healing rates and reduce musculoskeletal pain. The results of many previous studies suggest that PEMF can contribute to chronic pain reduction, particularly in musculoskeletal injurys. However, we do not have enough information of its effects compared to a placebo. The principal objective of this study was to investigate differences in acute pain induced by the direct destruction of muscle tissue (extensor digitorum) with varying times of the application of PEMF, measured through the expression of c-fos on the spinal cord. Significant reduction of pain was found in groups exposed to PEMF and the group exposed to PEMF immediately after muscle injury showed the most significant differences. In conclusion, PEMF may be a useful strategy in reducing acute pain in muscle injury.
Individual and multiplex PCR assays for the detection of adventitious bovine and porcine viral genome contaminants in the commercial vaccines and animal derived raw materials.

Animal derived raw materials such as trypsin and Fetal Bovine Serum are used in vaccine manufacturing and pose the threat of introducing animal pathogens as contaminants into the final products. Thus screening for adventitious virus/ genome is part of quality control in manufacturing of biologicals. Various in-vitro and in-vivo detection assays have been developed for the detection of potential viral contaminants in vaccines. However, these assays are expensive, time consuming, labor intensive and incomplete limiting their ability to meet the increasing demands of the biological industry. Polymerase chain reaction technology scores over the in-vitro and in-vivo assays in speed, specificity, sensitivity and robustness of detection and can replace them in regular use. In the present study, a set of multiplex and individual PCRs were developed for the detection of porcine (n=6) and bovine viral genomes (n=5). Veterinary vaccines (10), human vaccines (9), porcine typsin lots (9), and fetal bovine serum (8) were screened for adventitious viral genomes using multiplex PCRs. It was observed that 60% of veterinary vaccines, 77.7% of trypsin, and 62.5% of fetal bovine serum were contaminated with adventitious viral genomes.
Implementation of Computer Assisted Test Selection System in Local Governments

As an evaluative way of selection of civil servant system in all government areas, Computer Assisted Test selection system was started to apply in 2013. In phase of implementation for first time in all areas in 2014, this system selection had trouble in several areas, such as registration procedure and passing grade. The main objective of this essay was to describe implementation of new selection system for civil servants in the local governments and to seek level of effectiveness of this selection system. This essay used combination of study literature and field survey which data collection was made by interviews, observations, and documentations from various sources, and to analyze the collected data, this essay used reduction, display data and verification for made the conclusion. The result of this essay showed, despite there a few parts that be problem of this system such as in the registration phase but almost all phases of implementation of CAT selection system in local government areas can be said was working clearly likes in preparation, implementation and result processing phase. And also this system was fulfilled two of three criterias of effectiveness for selection system, they were accuracy and trusty. Therefore, this selection system can be said as an effective way to select new civil servant. As suggestion, local governments have to make prime preparation in all phases of test and make a good feedback as evaluation mechanism and together with central government to seek, fix and improve infrastructures as supporting tool and competency of local residents.
Privacy in the age of Pervasive Internet and Big Data Analytics - Challenges and Opportunities

In the age of pervasive internet where people are communicating, networking, buying, paying bills, managing their health and finances over the internet, where sensors and machines are tracking real-time information and communicating with each other, it is but natural that big data will be generated and analyzed for the purpose of "smart business" and "personalization". Today storage is no longer a bottleneck and the benefit of analysis outweighs the cost of making user profiling omnipresent. However, this brings with it several privacy challenges - risk of privacy disclosure without consent, unsolicited advertising, unwanted exposure of sensitive information and unwarranted attention by malicious interests. We survey privacy risks associated with personalization in Web Search, Social Networking, Healthcare, Mobility, Wearable Technology and Internet of Things. The article reviews current privacy challenges, existing privacy preserving solutions and their limitations. We conclude with a discussion on future work in user controlled privacy preservation and selective personalization, particularly in the domain of search engines.
Représentation sémantique sous-spécifiée pour les conjonctions de subordination

Cet article concerne les phrases complexes avec deux conjonctions de subordination. Nous montrerons que de telles phrases peuvent s’interpréter de quatre façons différentes. Il s’agit donc de formes fortement ambiguës pour lesquelles il est opportun d’avoir recours à des représentations sémantiques sous-spécifiées, et c’est ce que nous proposerons.
Gentrification as a Governmental Strategy: Social Control and Social Cohesion in Hoogvliet, Rotterdam

The emergence of gentrification as a ‘global urban strategy’ (Smith, 2002, “New globalism, new urbanism: gentrification as a global urban strategy” Antipode 34 427–451) is clearly visible in the peripheral boroughs of Dutch cities. We suggest, however, that the driving force of gentrification in these areas is not the local government's need to strengthen its tax base or developers' pursuit of profit. Gentrification is also not a response to the housing demands of a new middle class. Instead, we conceive of state-led gentrification in the Netherlands, and perhaps elsewhere as well, as an attempt by a coalition of state actors and housing associations at generating social order in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Gentrification is used to pacify tensions and to reduce concentrations that pose a problem for authorities. In many cases, residents support this strategy, either actively or passively. But, at the same time, interaction between low-income and higher-income households, and between renters and homeowners, in restructured neighbourhoods are often superficial at best and hostile at worst. Thus, gentrification undermines social cohesion and thereby reduces the chance that residents will find solutions for tensions in the neighbourhood.