Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thicker Clouds and Accelerated Arctic Sea Ice Decline: The Atmosphere‐Sea Ice Interactions in Spring

Observations show that increased Arctic cloud cover in the spring is linked with sea ice decline. As the atmosphere and sea ice can influence each other, which one plays the leading role in spring remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, through observational data diagnosis and numerical modeling, that there is active coupling between the atmosphere and sea ice in early spring. Sea ice melting and thus the presence of more open water lead to stronger evaporation and promote cloud formation that increases downward longwave flux, leading to even more ice melt. Spring clouds are a driving force in the disappearance of sea ice and displacing the mechanism of atmosphere‐sea ice coupling from April to June. These results suggest the need to accurately model interactions of Arctic clouds and radiation in Earth System Models in order to improve projections of the future of the Arctic.
A review of the subspecies concept in the eumenine genus Zeta. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Menke and Stange (1986) reported the establishment of the potter wasp Zeta argillaceum argillaceum (L.) in Dade County, Florida. This is the first species of this neotropical genus to be found in the United States. While identifying a small collection of Florida eumenines for Dr. Peter J. Landolt of the USDA Insect Attractants Lab in Gainesville, I discovered an additional specimen of this species from Dade County. It represents a color form, or "subspecies", different from that reported by Menke and Stange (1986). In this note I discuss recognition of subspecies in Zeta, and demonstrate that most are artificial taxa. Plasticity in coloration is a common phenomenon in Hymenoptera, and has even been shown to be experimentally manipulable in Vespidae (MacLean et al., 1978). Yet recognition of subspecies purely on the basis of color differences remains a common practice in vespids, including Zeta, and other aculeates. The recent revision of the genus by Giordani Soika (1975) recognizes only four species in Zeta, but these are divided into no fewer than 15 subspecies, 10 of which are in argillaceum? These are all based on color, and in the continental forms the distributions frequently overlap. I have examined most of these "subspecies", and conclude that they do not merit formal recognition. Most of them are synonymized below. I have not treated the subspecies of the Antillean abdominale. Acronyms for collections are those of Heppner and Lamas (1982).
Effects of initial pH value of the medium on the alcoholic fermentation performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells immobilized on nipa leaf sheath pieces

Immobilized yeast on nipa leaf sheath pieces was applied to ethanol fermentation using the medium with different initial pH values (5.1, 4.5, 4.0, and 3.5). Control samples with the free yeast were also carried out under the same conditions. Low pH value of 4.0 or 3.5 significantly reduced yeast growth and increased the residual sugar level in the fermentation broths for both the immobilized and free cells. In all cases, the ethanol content produced and ethanol formation rate of the immobilized yeast were 13-33% and 35-69%, respectively, higher than those of the free yeast. In addition, the residual sugar content in the immobilized yeast cultures was 2.1-20.5 times lower than that in the free yeast cultures. The yeast immobilized on nipa leaf stem pieces exhibited higher alcoholic fermentation performance than the free yeast in medium with low pH value. This support was potential for further research for application in ethanol industry.
Orthostatic Hypotension and Therapy with an Ace Inhibitor in Hypertensive Patients

Abstract Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is defined as a drop in the systolic blood pressure greater than 20 mmHg and that of the diastolic blood pressure greater than 10 mmHg within 3 minutes from the change of the body’s position from lying or sitting down to standing up. The objective of this study is to analyse the incidence and severity of orthostatic hypertension when taking one of the generic representatives of the ACE inhibitor group (trandolapril) as a monotherapy in patients with essential hypertension. Th e study involved 314 patients (medium age of 54±4 years; 52.5% men) with poorly regulated hypertension for whom trandolapril was introduced as monotherapy. Th e incidence rates of patients with and without orthostatic hypotension between the first and second examination were not statistically significantly different. At the second control examination, 7 patients (2,3%) still had orthostatic hypotension, as was the case at the first examination. Between the third and fourth controls, a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with orthostatic hypotension was recorded. No statistically significant difference in the incidence of orthostatic hypotension between patients with normal body mass and those who were overweight was observed. Our study has shown that certain ACE inhibitors, such as Trandolapril, do not have a pronounced adverse effect with regard to orthostatic hypotension and that in long-term application, they can have a positive role in the prevention of hypotensive episodes and improving patient compliance.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Servicescape on Consumers’ Loyalty Intentions

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of servicescape on service quality, customer satisfaction and then on the loyalty intentions in the service settings. The study has used two different industries including banking and restaurants to check the role of servicescape in determining the loyalty intentions of the consumers of services. The framework is unique in a way that it contains two different sets of mediator models that lead to loyalty intentions. Survey method was adopted to reach the target audience of both the industries and findings of the paper suggested that marketing practitioners must consider taken variables of servicescape if they want to achieve the quality, satisfaction and the loyalty. Future researchers may apply this model taking loyalty as their final constructs and moreover, the study also provides the measures to gauge the constructs of servicescape, perceived quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty intentions so that future research can advance in this field to explore more dimensions.
Laplace operators on fractals and related functional equations

We give an overview over the application of functional equations, namely the classical Poincaré and renewal equations, to the study of the spectrum of Laplace operators on self-similar fractals. We compare the techniques used to those used in the Euclidean situation. Furthermore, we use the obtained information on the spectral zeta function to compute the Casimir energy of fractals. We give numerical values for this energy for the Sierpiński gasket.
Series distance – an intuitive metric to quantify hydrograph similarity in terms of occurrence, amplitude and timing of hydrological events

Abstract. Applying metrics to quantify the similarity or dissimilarity of hydrographs is a central task in hydrological modelling, used both in model calibration and the evaluation of simulations or forecasts. Motivated by the shortcomings of standard objective metrics such as the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) or the Mean Absolute Peak Time Error (MAPTE) and the advantages of visual inspection as a powerful tool for simultaneous, case-specific and multi-criteria (yet subjective) evaluation, we propose a new objective metric termed Series Distance, which is in close accordance with visual evaluation. The Series Distance quantifies the similarity of two hydrographs neither in a time-aggregated nor in a point-by-point manner, but on the scale of hydrological events. It consists of three parts, namely a Threat Score which evaluates overall agreement of event occurrence, and the overall distance of matching observed and simulated events with respect to amplitude and timing. The novelty of the latter two is the way in which matching point pairs on the observed and simulated hydrographs are identified: not by equality in time (as is the case with the RMSE), but by the same relative position in matching segments (rise or recession) of the event, indicating the same underlying hydrological process. Thus, amplitude and timing errors are calculated simultaneously but separately, from point pairs that also match visually, considering complete events rather than only individual points (as is the case with MAPTE). Relative weights can freely be assigned to each component of the Series Distance, which allows (subjective) customization of the metric to various fields of application, but in a traceable way. Each of the three components of the Series Distance can be used in an aggregated or non-aggregated way, which makes the Series Distance a suitable tool for differentiated, process-based model diagnostics. After discussing the applicability of established time series metrics for hydrographs, we present the Series Distance theory, discuss its properties and compare it to those of standard metrics used in Hydrology, both at the example of simple, artificial hydrographs and an ensemble of realistic forecasts. The results suggest that the Series Distance quantifies the degree of similarity of two hydrographs in a way comparable to visual inspection, but in an objective, reproducible way.
Mineral chemistry profile: a valuable approach to unravel magma mixing processes in the Recent volcanic activity of Stromboli, Italy

A mineral chemistry study including compositional zoning profiles on clinopyroxene and plagioclase has been performed on pyroclastic deposits of recent Stromboli (with an age of about 2- 3 ka), erupted just before the setting of the typical present-day Strombolian activity (Post-Pizzo series). The mineral chemistry characterisation of samples from the bottom and top of the Post-Pizzo series has revealed a complex magmatic history recorded by mineral phase compositional variations. These data suggest that the initial phase of the eruptive period of Post-Pizzo series was characterised by repeated arrival of mafic magmas emphasized by several changes in the crystal compositions. After the magma hybridization, the system nearly recovered its initial composition by associated continuous fractional crystallisation, thus establishing a nearly steady-state dynamics of the magma system. The arrivals of mafic magma batches became more important during the late Post-Pizzo eruptive period, leading in the final stage to a more mafic magma composition, similar to that of the basaltic products erupted by the present-day activity. This plumbing system behaviour reminds the dynamics driving the pre-eruptive processes responsible of the present-day Strombolian activity. Accordingly, the Post-Pizzo series seems to represent the period during which the magmatic conditions for the present-day activity were developed. The micro-analytical approach using zoning profiles can be considered a powerful tool in revealing magma mixing processes and in helping to clarify the dynamics of magmatic systems.
An ethnographic multiple-case study of mother–child interaction strategies in Singapore-based Chinese families

Previous research has shown that differences in the speech that children are exposed to can lead to differences in their language, literacy and cognitive development, and may even affect subsequent success at school. Informed by Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of language learning in early childhood and Sigel’s Psychological Distancing Model, this ethnographic multiple-case study analyzes maternal interaction strategies in four Chinese families in Singapore — two local and two immigrant families — to explore factors that influence choice of interaction strategies. Cross-case comparisons are made in terms of the mothers’ professional and cultural backgrounds, and within-case comparisons are made along the lines of contextual factors. The comparisons reveal both important similarities and differences in the mothers’ use of interaction strategies which was shaped by an array of social, cultural, and contextual factors.
GENOME – WIDE ANALYSIS OF ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR IN MAIZE : AN IN SILICO APPROACH

Transcription factors are usually considered as key player for gene regulation. Among various transcription factor families, AP2/ERF superfamily is well known for regulating various stress responses in plants. The family encompasses AP2/ERF domain, which is involved in DNA binding comprises of about 60 to 70 amino acids. To date, there is no detailed report presenting structural and functional prediction of ERF genes in Zea mays (L.). The current study presents a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of 105 ERF genes in maize (ZmERF) using several computational techniques. We performed phylogenetic analysis, conserved motif analysis, chromosomal localization, gene structure analysis and multiple sequence alignment of ERF genes. The phylogenetic analysis led to classification of these ERF members into 10 major groups and various subgroups and inferred evolutionary relationship among the groups on the basis of various protein motifs as well as intron/exon structure. The mapping of ERF genes on 10 maize chromosomes revealed their existence on all chromosomes with most number (17 genes) carried by chromosome 1 and least number (8 genes) found on chromosome 3. Interestingly, a very limited intron frequency was resulted in gene structure analysis. Gene ontology analysis concludes that ZmERF are involved in responses to various stresses including both biotic and abiotic. The results of the present study provide important structural information to design functional analyses of the ERF genes in Z. mays.
The High Time Resolution Universe Survey II: Discovery of 5 Millisecond Pulsars

We present the discovery of 5 millisecond pulsars found in the mid-Galactic latitude portion of the High Time Resolution Universe (HTRU) Survey. The pulsars have rotational periods from ~2.3 to ~7.5 ms, and all are in binary systems with orbital periods ranging from ~0.3 to ~150 d. In four of these systems, the most likely companion is a white dwarf, with minimum masses of ~0.2 Solar Masses. The other pulsar, J1731-1847, has a very low mass companion and exhibits eclipses, and is thus a member of the "black widow" class of pulsar binaries. These eclipses have been observed in bands centred near frequencies of 700, 1400 and 3000 MHz, from which measurements have been made of the electron density in the eclipse region. These measurements have been used to examine some possible eclipse mechanisms. The eclipse and other properties of this source are used to perform a comparison with the other known eclipsing and "black widow" pulsars. These new discoveries occupy a short-period and high-dispersion measure (DM) region of parameter space, which we demonstrate is a direct consequence of the high time and frequency resolution of the HTRU survey. The large implied distances to our new discoveries makes observation of their companions unlikely with both current optical telescopes and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The extremely circular orbits make any advance of periastron measurements highly unlikely. No relativistic Shapiro delays are obvious in any of the systems, although the low flux densities would make their detection difficult unless the orbits were fortuitously edge-on.
Radicalism Versus Gradualism: An Analytical Survey of the Transition Strategy Debate

Academic debate on a transition strategy for former socialist economies continues even a quarter century after the collapse of the communism in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. In this paper, through an analytical survey of 137 preceding studies, we present an overall picture of the debate and examine the relationship between the debate attitudes and the literature attributes in related studies. We found that the radicalists maintain a consistent debate attitude from the viewpoints of time speed and policy sequence of economic transition, while the debate attitude of the gradualists is more diversified. We also found that there is another group of researchers that stays within the framework of the radicalism-versus-gradualism debate while at the same time keeping at arm's length from both the radicalists and the gradualists. In addition, our cross tabulation analysis and regression estimation of qualitative selection models provide interesting findings on the relationship between the debate attitudes and the literature attributes.
Directive Antenna for Ultrawideband Medical Imaging Systems

A compact and directive ultrawideband antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna is in the form of an antipodal tapered slot with resistive layers to improve its directivity and to reduce its backward radiation. The antenna operates over the frequency band from 3.1 GHz to more than 10.6 GHz. It features a directive radiation with a peak gain which is between 4 dBi and 11 dBi in the specified band. The time domain performance of the antenna shows negligible distortion. This makes it suitable for the imaging systems which require a very short pulse for transmission/reception. The effect of the multilayer human body on the performance of the antenna is also studied. The breast model is used for this purpose. It is shown that the antenna has more than 90% fidelity factor when it works in free space, whereas the fidelity factor decreases as the signal propagates inside the human body. However, even inside the human body, the fidelity factor is still larger than 70% revealing the possibility of using the proposed antenna in biomedical imaging systems.
Convectively unstable turbulent open channel flow with stable surface stratification

We use direct numerical simulations to examine fully developed turbulent open channel flow where the near wall region is unstably stratified and the outer boundary layer is stably stratified. The simulations are a model for flow in shallow turbid river channels with incident solar radiation. The aim is to determine under what conditions and by what mechanism the stably stratified layer is overturned. The flow is attained by applying a radiative heat flux at the free surface of the open channel. The absorption and transmission of the radiation follows the Beer--Lambert law with a constant absorption coefficient. We examine conditions where approximately 20% of the incident radiative heat flux penetrates through to the wall, releasing heat at the wall as a heat flux. The problem is specified by our buoyancy parameter which is analogous to the bulk Obukhov length scale. In the stable outer boundary layer we observe that the flux Richardson number reaches the limiting value, as was observed in the atmospheric boundary layer under sheared convective conditions. References S. M. Mitrovic, L. Hardwick, and F. Dorani. Use of flow management to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms in the Lower Darling River, Australia. J. Plankton Res. , 33(2):229–241, 2011. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbq094 J. R. Taylor, S. Sarkar, and V. Armenio. Large eddy simulation of stably stratified open channel flow. Phys. Fluids , 17(11):116602, 2005. doi:10.1063/1.2130747 M. Garcia-Villalba and J. C. del Alamo. Turbulence modification by stable stratification in channel flow. Phys. Fluids , 23(4):045104, 2011. doi:10.1063/1.3560359 N. Williamson, S. W Armfield, M. P. Kirkpatrick, and S Norris. A canonical model for stratified flow in estuaries and rivers. ANZIAM J. , 54:C88–C101, 2012. http://journal.austms. org.au/ojs/index.php/ANZIAMJ/article/view/6429 S. W. Armfield, S. E. Norris, P. Morgan, and R. Street. A parallel non-staggered Navier-Stokes solver implemented on a workstation cluster. In S. Armfield, P. Morgan, and K. Srinvas (Eds.) Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Sydney, Australia, 15–19 July 2002 , pages 30–45. Springer, 2003. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59334-5 R. J. Conzemius and E. Fedorovich. Dynamics of Sheared Convective Boundary Layer Entrainment. Part I: Methodological Background and Large-Eddy Simulations. J. Atmos. Sci. , 63(4):1151–1178, 2006. doi:10.1175/JAS3691.1
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: WHAT BASIC INVESTIGATION WITH COUPLES REVEALS

La violencia domestica, especialmente en poblaciones concretas como usuarios de Servicios de Urgencias, Centros de Salud Mental…, es muy alta. En este articulo se revisan algunos conceptos basicos derivados de los primeros estudios destinados a clarificar el inicio y mantenimiento de los problemas de pareja y se aplican al estudio de la interaccion de las personas que denuncian violencia fisica, psicologica o sexual. Se concluye que el grado de armonia relacional es inversamente proporcional al nivel de violencia, las secuencias seguidas por parejas que denuncian violencia, a la hora de resolver problemas, asi como las tasas base y grado de reciprocidad de refuerzos y castigos, se parecen a las que caracterizan a las parejas en conflicto, y el grado de acoplamiento fisiologico es alto. Se concluye que estos datos han de ser tenidos en cuenta a la hora de entender, que no justificar, predecir y modificar los comportamientos violentos en el contexto de relaciones intimas. Palabras Clave: violencia domestica, relacion de pareja, solucion de problemas, ensamblaje fisiologico. Domestic violence incidence, particularly in certain populations such as those attending Emergency Units or Mental Health Services, is very high. This paper reviews some basic concepts derived from original research aimed at clarifying the origin and maintenance of relationship dysfunction and applies them to the study of the interaction of those who report experiencing physical, psychological or sexual violence. It is concluded that the degree of relational harmony is inversely associated to the level of violence; the actions undertaken by couples who denounce violence when resolving problems, the base rates and the reciprocity of reinforcements and punishments, are similar to that of couples in conflict and the degree of physiological linkage is high. These mechanisms should be kept in mind when trying to understand, not only justify, predict and modify violent behaviours in the context of intimate relationships .