Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in continuous extraction of bioactive ingredients from food-processing wastes by pulsed electric fields

Abstract The food processing produces a great amount of wastes that are rich in nutrients. Extraction is the first and most important step in recovery and purification of active ingredients from these wastes. The traditional extraction technologies are known to be laborious and time-consuming, require large volumes of organic solvent, have high temperature and energy costs, and obtain relatively low extraction efficiency. In recent 10 years, a novel, efficient and green extraction method, pulsed electric fields (PEFs) continuous extraction, which is emerging non-thermal food-processing technology, has shown great promise in extracting these food wastes. This work gives an overview of development in the use of PEF continuous extraction for obtaining bioactive ingredients from food-processing wastes. The technology is described in detail with respect to the mechanism, equipment, critical parameters. The protocols and applications of the technology in the extraction of food-processing wastes are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the degradation of bioactive ingredients, industrial applications, problem of novel food, consumer acceptance, and future trends of the technology are discussed. The PEF continuous extraction is considered as the ideal technology of high efficiency and low temperature for natural ingredients extraction. The technology possesses many remarkable potential applications in the food-processing industries compared to the conventional extraction methods.
Mortality and Exploitation Rate Estimates for the Recreational Bay Scallop Fishery off the Gulf Coast of Florida, USA

Abstract Historically, the bay scallop Argopecten irradians supported recreational and commercial fisheries along Florida's Gulf Coast. Declines in density led to a ban on commercial fishing and tighter regulation of recreational fishing. In support of sustainable management, we derived estimates of mortality and exploitation from a multiyear series of preharvest and postharvest surveys of bay scallop density at five locations; catch curves from two locations during 3 years; and an aerial survey of recreational effort. Surveys at locations not subject to harvest yielded natural mortality estimates from which we derived estimates of fishing mortality and exploitation. Based solely on preharvest and postharvest surveys, we estimated the seasonal exploitation rate (u) as 0.0684. Based on all relevant surveys of bay scallop density, we calculated means and 95% confidence intervals for actual seasonal mortality (A = 0.6365 ± 0.06833), daily instantaneous total mortality (Z = 0.0153 ± 0.00293), daily instantane.
GPETAFLR, a peptide from Lupinus angustifolius L. prevents inflammation in microglial cells and confers neuroprotection in brain

ABSTRACT Objectives: Neuroinflammation is a complex inflammatory process in the central nervous system (CNS) where microglia may play a critical role. GPETAFLR is a peptide isolated from Lupinus angustifolius L. protein hydrolysates with functional activity in mononuclear phagocytes. However, it is unknown whether GPETAFLR has neuroprotective effects. Methods: We analysed the potential anti-neuroinflammatory activity of GPETAFLR by using two different models of neuroinflammation: BV-2 microglial cells and mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Results: GPETAFLR hampered LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory and M1 marker genes in BV-2 cells. This effect was accompanied by an unchanged expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene and by an increased expression of M2 marker genes. GPETAFLR also increased the transcriptional activity of M2 marker genes, while the microglia population remained unchanged in number and M1/M2 status in brain of mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Furthermore, GPETAFLR counteracted HFD-induced downregulation of IL-10 and upregulation of pro-inflammatory markers in the mouse brain, both at gene and protein levels. Discussion: This is the first report describing that a peptide from plant origin robustly restrained the pro-inflammatory activation of microglial cells in cultures and in brain. Our data suggest that GPETAFLR might be instrumental in maintaining CNS homeostasis by inhibiting neuroinflammation. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Immunogenicity and Safety of an MF59-adjuvanted Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Young Children at High Risk of Influenza-associated Complications: A Phase III, Randomized, Observer-blind, Multicenter Clinical Trial

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all children with a history of medical conditions placing them at increased risk of influenza-associated complications. The immunogenicity and efficacy of conventional influenza vaccines among young children are suboptimal; one strategy to enhance these is adjuvantation. We present immunogenicity and safety data for an MF59-adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine (aIIV4) in healthy children and those at a high risk of influenza-associated complications, based on the results of a recently completed phase III study. Methods: Children 6 months to 5 years of age (N = 10,644) were enrolled. The study was conducted across northern hemisphere seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Subjects received either aIIV4 or a nonadjuvanted comparator influenza vaccine. Antibody responses were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition assay against vaccine and heterologous strains. Long-term antibody persistence was assessed (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01964989). Results: aIIV4 induced significantly higher antibody titers than nonadjuvanted vaccine in high-risk subjects. aIIV4 antibody responses were of similar magnitude in high-risk and healthy subjects. Incidence of solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs) was slightly higher in aIIV4 than nonadjuvanted vaccinees, in both the healthy and high-risk groups. Incidence of unsolicited AEs, serious AEs and AEs of special interest were similar for adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted vaccinees in the healthy and high-risk groups. Conclusion: aIIV4 was more immunogenic than nonadjuvanted vaccine in both the healthy and high-risk study groups. The reactogenicity and safety profiles of aIIV4 and the nonadjuvanted vaccine were acceptable and similar in 6-month- to 5-year-old high-risk and healthy children.
Clinical trials in REM sleep behavioural disorder: challenges and opportunities

The rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder (RBD) population is an ideal study population for testing disease-modifying treatments for synucleinopathies, since RBD represents an early prodromal stage of synucleinopathy when neuropathology may be more responsive to treatment. While clonazepam and melatonin are most commonly used as symptomatic treatments for RBD, clinical trials of symptomatic treatments are also needed to identify evidence-based treatments. A comprehensive framework for both disease-modifying and symptomatic treatment trials in RBD is described, including potential treatments in the pipeline, cost-effective participant recruitment and selection, study design, outcomes and dissemination of results. For disease-modifying treatment clinical trials, the recommended primary outcome is phenoconversion to an overt synucleinopathy, and stratification features should be used to select a study population at high risk of phenoconversion, to enable more rapid clinical trials. For symptomatic treatment clinical trials, objective polysomnogram-based measurement of RBD-related movements and vocalisations should be the primary outcome measure, rather than subjective scales or diaries. Mobile technology to enable objective measurement of RBD episodes in the ambulatory setting, and advances in imaging, biofluid, tissue, and neurophysiological biomarkers of synucleinopathies, will enable more efficient clinical trials but are still in development. Increasing awareness of RBD among the general public and medical community coupled with timely diagnosis of these diseases will facilitate progress in the development of therapeutics for RBD and associated neurodegenerative disorders.
Breeding biology and reproductive success of Polystictus superciliaris (Aves: Tyrannidae), an uncommon tyrant-flycatcher endemic to the highlands of eastern Brazil

Polystictus superciliaris (Wied, 1831) is a small tyrant-flycatcher endemic to mountaintops in the highlands of eastern Brazil. In this paper we present the first description of the breeding biology of P. superciliaris and estimate its reproductive success from a population inhabiting rocky outcrops. This study was conducted during 2005 in the Parque Estadual da Serra do Rola Moca, municipality of Nova Lima (20°03'S, 44°00'W), state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Fourteen pairs of P. superciliaris were banded and monitored. The onset of the breeding season in 2005 was assumed to have been sometime before the 26th of July, while it was assumed to have ended on the 23rd of November based on the last observation of a successful brood. Clutch size was invariably two eggs (N = 21), the incubation period averaged 17.7 ± 1.3 days (N = 9), and the nestling period averaged 16.4 ± 1.3 days (N = 8). We estimated the probability of reproductive success for P. superciliaris to be 41.3%, during this particular breeding season. Of the 12 (57.1%) unsuccessful nests, eight (66.7%) had eggs and four (33.3%) had nestlings when they failed. In nine (42.8%) of these cases, the nests were lost to predation, two to parasitism by botflies, and one due to abandonment. This study suggests that the reproductive success of P. superciliaris is intermediate compared to the other species of Tyrannidae that have been studied and closer to the lower limit of the 40%-80% range which is characteristic of tyrant _ flycatcher species that breed in temperate regions.
Influence of Environment on the Growth Response of Chicks to Penicillin

Abstract COATES et al. (1951, 1952) reported that chicks reared from day-old to 3 weeks of age in quarters not previously used for chick experiments failed to show a growth response to penicillin. Chicks raised in such quarters, regardless of the presence of antibiotic in the diet grew as well as chicks receiving antibiotic in long established quarters. These workers suggested that an infection was present in the latter birds, which, while not grossly evident, nevertheless was responding to penicillin, with a resultant improvement in the growth of the birds. Bird et al. (1952) found support for the observations of Coates et al. They showed that a response to aureomycin was evident after one week in long used quarters but not until three or four weeks in new quarters. Birds four weeks of age moved from the new quarters to the long used quarters and deprived of antibiotic, experienced a marked …
Differential Expression and Targeting of K+ Channel Genes in the Lobster Pyloric Central Pattern Generatora

Abstract: A molecular analysis of motor pattern generation is an essential complement to electrophysiological and computational investigations. In arthropods, A‐channels are posttranslationally modified multimeric proteins containing Shaker family α‐subunits that may interact with β‐subunits, γ‐subunits, and other auxiliary proteins. One consequence of A‐channel structure is that several mechanisms could underlie the cell‐specific differences in pyloric IAs including differential gene expression, alternate splicing, and posttranslational modifications. Oocyte expression studies, single‐cell RT‐PCR, and immunocytochemistry suggest that differential α‐subunit gene expression is not a mechanism for creating pyloric IA heterogeneity, and that the same gene, shal, encodes the a‐subnuits for the entire family of somatic IAs in the pyloric network. Changes in the level of shal gene expression alter A‐channel density between cells, but cannot account for the differences in the biophysical properties of the six pyloric IAs. Preliminary data suggest that the shal gene also encodes the A‐channel α‐subunits for the coarse and fine neuropil but not for most axons. A second gene, shaker, encodes the A‐channel α‐subunits in the majority of axons and at the neuromuscular junction. The distinct properties of the two types of A‐channels are consistent with the different roles of IA at the different locations. Both the shaker and shal genes are alternately spliced, and investigations are under way to determine whether alternate splicing is a mechanism for generating pyloric IA heterogeneity.
MSI and EBV Positive Gastric Cancer’s Subgroups and Their Link with Novel Immunotherapy

Gastric cancers have been historically classified based on histomorphologic features. The Cancer Genome Atlas network reported the comprehensive identification of genetic alterations associated with gastric cancer, identifying four distinct subtypes— Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive, microsatellite-unstable/instability (MSI), genomically stable and chromosomal instability. In particular, EBV-positive and MSI gastric cancers seem responsive to novel immunotherapies drugs. The aim of this review is to describe MSI and EBV positive gastric cancer’s subgroups and their relationship with novel immunotherapy.
The regulatory landscape of the Dlx gene system in branchial arches: Shared characteristics among Dlx bigene clusters and evolution

The mammalian Dlx genes encode homeobox‐type transcription factors and are physically organized as convergent bigene clusters. The paired Dlx genes share tissue specificity in the expression profile. Genetic regulatory mechanisms, such as intergenic enhancer sharing between paired Dlx genes, have been proposed to explain this conservation of bigene structure. All mammalian Dlx genes have expression and function in developing craniofacial structures, especially in the first and second pharyngeal arches (branchial arches). Each Dlx cluster (Dlx1/2, Dlx3/4, and Dlx5/6) has overlapping, nested expression in the branchial arches which is called the “Dlx code” and plays a key role in organizing craniofacial structure and evolution. Here we summarize cis‐regulatory studies on branchial arch expression of the three Dlx bigene clusters and show some shared characteristics among the clusters, including cis‐regulatory motifs, TAD (Topologically Associating Domain) boundaries, CTCF loops, and distal enhancer landscapes, together with a molecular condensate model for activation of the Dlx bigene cluster.
Identification of two new inhibitors of the hepatic glucose‐6‐phosphatase system

A high‐throughput screening assay aimed at the detection of inhibitors of the translocase components of the hepatic glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) system was set up in a microplate format using untreated and Triton X‐100™‐disrupted rat liver microsomes. The assay measured the phosphate released from glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) using a standard calorimetric method. We identified two structurally unrelated compounds, 2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitrobenzaldehyde and chlorogenic acid, which inhibited the hydrolysis of G6P in untreated microsomes, each with IC50 values of 338 μM and 226 μM, respectively, but were devoid of activity in disrupted microsomes. Thus, the two compounds exhibited a high degree of specificity for translocase components. The effects of 2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitrobenzaldehyde bear a resemblance to the effects of pyridoxal phosphate. Studies with compounds structurally related to 2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitrobenzaldehyde suggest that both a phenolic OH‐group in ortho position to the aldehyde group and a suitable electron‐withdrawing group in position 3 or 5 of the aromatic ring are indispensable for the activity of this class of inhibitors. The inhibition pattern of chlorogenic acid is distinct from that of phloretin and is dependent on a free carboxyl group. The products of chlorogenic acid hydrolysis, quinic acid and caffeic acid, are inactive. 2‐Hydroxy‐5‐nitrobenzaldehyde type inhibitors and chlorogenic acid are potent new inhibitors for investigating the structure and function of the translocase components of the G6Pase system. Drug Dev. Res. 44:34–40, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occurrence and social structure of Baird's beaked whales, Berardius bairdii, in the Commander Islands, Russia

The social structure of Baird's beaked whales is completely unstudied, and it is unknown if either females or males form long-term social associations or occur in stable groups. In this paper we summarize our observations of individually identified animals over the span of 6 yr to provide insight on their long-term social structure. We have identified 122 whales, with 28 of them encountered three times or more and thus included in the analysis of social structure. We found that the whales exhibited nonrandom patterns of social associations with some individuals preferentially associating with each other. Whales with more scarred skin had higher maximum association coefficients, which indicates that older animals and/or males were more inclined to form stable associations. Cluster analysis with a modularity test for gregariousness divided the whales into four clusters. Whales from the same clusters did not always occur together, but some individuals retained stable associations over several years. The strength of social relationships decayed over periods of months, with between-year relationships showing little deviation from what would be expected if association was random. Generally these findings do not correspond to a stable society with fixed groups but instead suggest a fission-fusion society with some stable alliances.
Associations between Childhood and Adolescent Emotional and Behavioral Characteristics and Screen Time of Adolescents

Abstract The correlations between emotional and behavioral problems and increased screen time among young people has been highlighted in the literature. This study examined both longitudinal and cross-directional associations between the degree of childhood and adolescent emotional and behavioral problem characteristics and a higher level of daily screen time in adolescence using an extensive population study. Questionnaires providing data on a representative cohort sample (the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study, NFBC 1986; n = 6479; 3101 males) were completed at birth, in childhood, and in adolescence. Male gender, and self-reported behavioral issues (such as a higher degree of hyperactivity/distractibility problems at the beginning of formal schooling and adolescent rule-breaking problems), predicted higher daily screen time in adolescence, after controlling for confounding factors. Higher levels of anxious-depression symptoms among adolescents were inversely related to them having elevated daily digital screen time. Individual behavioral tendencies at the start of formal schooling and later in adolescence may predict higher screen time among young people.
Trends in the incidence rate of genitourinary system cancers in Turkey: 2004-2015.

OBJECTIVE To analyze age-standardized urological cancer incidence rates in Turkey during the last twelve years based on the available published data (2004-2015). MATERIAL AND METHODS Cancer data were obtained from the reports of Turkish Directorate of Public Health Cancer Department for 2004-2015. A trend analysis was conducted using the joinpoint regression analysis to observe the change in the trends over time. The average annual percentage of change, annual percent change, and the corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS Throughout the observed period, cancer incidence rates in men significantly increased by 3.04%, 4.70%, 4.03%, and 2.97% for all the genital organs, kidney, testis, and prostate, respectively. A significant increase of 3.11% and 1.91% was observed for the urinary system organs and bladder, respectively, of women during the same period. CONCLUSION The increase in the incidence rate of urinary system cancers was more prominent than that of all cancers types in general. The total incidence rate of urinary system cancers (bladder and kidney) tends to increase more in women than in men. While there was no cancer with decreased incidence during the entire study period, similar decreases in some urogenital cancer types tended to occur during the second trend period.
Mode of action of exogenous cell wall degrading enzymes for ruminants

Recent studies have shown that adding exogenous fibrolytic enzymes to ruminant diets can increase milk production of dairy cows and weight gain of growing beef cattle as a result of enhanced feed digestion. While much progress has been made in terms of advancing feed enzyme technology for ruminants, considerable research is still required to develop more effective enzyme products. The mode of action whereby exogenous enzymes improve digestion of plant cell wall is complex, and there is evidence for numerous potential modes of action suggesting they are interdependant. A mode of action that accounts for the most critical factors that explain the observed increases in feed digestion is presented. Adding exogenous enzymes to the diet increases the hydrolytic capacity of the rumen mainly due to increased bacterial attachment, stimulation of rumen microbial populations and synergistic effects with hydrolases of ruminal microorganisms. The net effect is increased enzymic activity within the rumen, which enhance.
Sex difference in alcohol metabolism; androgenic steroid as an inducer of kidney alcohol dehydrogenase

Available genetic evidence on a number of other species shows that alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH: 1.1.1.1) seen in liver and kidney of vertebrates is specified by the same gene locus. Also in the case of man and the mouse, ADH from liver and kidney show identical electrophoretic mobilities. Yet, in development, ADH appears much earlier in liver than in kidney, and a twofold sex difference is seen in the amount of ADH contained in adult kidney of mice and man: Kidney ADH activity of adult females is about one‐fourth and that of adult males is about one‐half of the liver ADH activity.