Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THERMAL RESISTANCE OF BACILLUS LARVAE SPORES IN HONEY

I~··· '. rI" i I'; Considerable attention has been given to the effect of heating in various media on the viability and virulence of the spores of Bacillus larvae, the causative agent of the honeybee disease, American foul brood (White, 1920). Few data have been reported, however, concerning temperatures above the boiling point of honey (White, 1920;Burnside, 1940a, 1945). Under a project on sterilization of honey to permit feeding it to bees without danger of spreading disease, thermal death-time studies were conducted on spores of this organism in diluted honey over a temperature range of 100 to 140 C. The results reported here have been used in the development of a process for treatment of honey to permit feeding it to bees without danger of transmission of American foul brood. Although Burnside (1945) reported that "boiling for 30 minutes can be depended upon to destroy the virulence of Bacillus larvae under ordinary conditions", the authors have been advised (Hambleton, 1950) that any processing of honey for bee feedingmust guarantee absence ofviable spores of this organism, not simply destruction of virulence. Burnside (1940a) has reviewed the literature on the heat resistance of B. larvae spores and investigated the thermal resistance of the spores in diluted honey, water, and beeswax and in the dry state. He reported growth in a culture of spores boiled in water or exposed to flowingsteam for 7 hours, boiled for 5 hours in 50 per cent honey, autoclaved in water at 15 pounds per square inch for 25 minutes or dry for 40 minutes, exposed to 98 C dry heat for 2 days or in beeswax for 5 days at 100C. He stressed the importance of heavy inocula in thermal death studies and the use of media favorable to the germination of heated spores.
Sleep patterns and high blood pressure: more evidence needed.

H ow many hours of sleep are needed to stay in good health? This frequent and still partly unresolved question has become an important social issue. This is because modern lifestyle contributes to a growing trend of reduced sleep duration, especially on weekdays, leading to chronic sleep deprivation [1]. Sleep requirements constitute a continuum and are normally distributed in the general population. The amount of sleep we need depends on various factors. Age and sex are important determinants, but we should not forget specific conditions such as pregnancy and previous sleep deprivation. Also, quality of sleep is significantly related to the number of sleep hours required for an effective nocturnal rest. However, the length of sleep needed in a given person is also an individual feature, probably with a genetic background. In fact, the individual sleep pattern is already evident in childhood and tends to persist throughout a person’s life [2–4]. Whereas most normal adults typically require 7–8 h of sleep every 24 h for well being, some individuals may need more or less sleep time to avoid experiencing daytime somnolence and/or impairment in daytime performance. Another reason for which the optimal sleep duration is not a universal number is the fact that it is determined by two different factors: a person’s basal sleep need (i.e. the amount of sleep one needs on a regular basis for optimal daytime performance), and person’s sleep debt (i.e. the accumulated deficit of sleep time due to poor sleep habits in previous days, related to a number of pathologic conditions, shift work and need of afterhours work or awakenings due to environmental interferences). Given these complex mechanisms, the impact of sleep on health-related
The Influence of International Knowledge and Skills and Firm Internationalization on Open Innovation

This chapter studies the effect of international knowledge and skills and firm internationalization on inbound, coupled and outbound open innovation. Individual international knowledge and skills and firm internationalization are used as proxies for openness, which supports and enlarges the existing knowledge capabilities. Individuals and organizations are more capable to find and adopt solutions for innovation obstacles from the external sources when international knowledge and skills are present. The empirical analysis supported the influence of (1) individual international knowledge and skills on firm internationalization, (2) individual international knowledge and skills on inbound, coupled and outbound open innovation, (3) firm internationalization on inbound and outbound open innovation and (4) the mediating effect of firm internationalization on the relationship between individual international knowledge and skills and open innovation was not confirmed. Although individual and firm internationalization implies openness, firm internationalization does not mediate the relationship between the individual openness to open innovation. Knowledge is acquired and implemented directly on the individual level and projected onto project team level. Teams do not need to go through organizational routines to implement open innovation.
Metal Ion Removal from Wastewaters by Sorption on Activated Carbon, Cement Kiln Dust, and Sawdust

This study assessed the efficiency of activated carbon, cement kiln dust (CKD), and sawdust for the removal of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions under mono‐metal and competitive sorption systems and the removal of Cd, Cu, and Zn from different industrial wastewaters. Batch equilibrium experiments were conducted in a mono‐metal and competitive sorption system. The efficiency of the sorbents in the removal of Cd, Cu, and Zn from industrial wastewaters was also investigated. Cement kiln dust expressed the highest affinity for the metals followed by activated carbon and sawdust. Competition among the metals changed their distribution coefficient (Kd) with the sorbents. Sorption of Pb and Cu was higher than Cd and Zn. The average metal removal from the wastewaters varied from 74, 61, and 60% for Cd, Cu, and Zn, respectively, to nearly 100%. The efficiencies of CKD and activated carbon in removing metals were higher than sawdust, suggesting their potential as low‐cost sorbents for the removal of toxic metals from wastewaters.
Synthesis, Antitubulin, and Antiproliferative SAR of C3/C1‐Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines

The syntheses and antiproliferative activities of novel substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives and their sulfamates are discussed. Biasing of conformational populations through substitution on the tetrahydroisoquinoline core at C1 and C3 has a profound effect on the antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. The C3 methyl‐substituted sulfamate (±)‐7‐methoxy‐2‐(3‐methoxybenzyl)‐3‐methyl‐6‐sulfamoyloxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (6 b), for example, was found to be ∼10‐fold more potent than the corresponding non‐methylated compound 7‐methoxy‐2‐(3‐methoxybenzyl)‐6‐sulfamoyloxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (4 b) against DU‐145 prostate cancer cells (GI50 values: 220 nM and 2.1 μM, respectively). Such compounds were also found to be active against a drug‐resistant MCF breast cancer cell line. The position and nature of substitution of the N‐benzyl group in the C3‐substituted series was found to have a significant effect on activity. Whereas C1 methylation has little effect on activity, introduction of C1 phenyl and C3‐gem‐dimethyl substituents greatly decreases antiproliferative activity. The ability of these compounds to inhibit microtubule polymerisation and to bind tubulin in a competitive manner versus colchicine confirms the mechanism of action. The therapeutic potential of a representative compound was confirmed in an in vivo multiple myeloma xenograft study.
Balancing give and take between patients and their spousal caregivers in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a demanding treatment. Spouses of HSCT patients assume caregiving responsibilities that can induce feelings of burden and disrupt relationship equity. On the basis of equity theory, we propose a conceptual framework examining the individual and dyadic experience of HSCT patients and their caregivers. The model includes feelings of inequity, patient self‐perceived burden, caregiver burden, and distress.
The uptake by cells of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous agonist of cannabinoid receptors.

It is not yet clear if the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is transported into cells through the same membrane transporter mediating the uptake of the other endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), and whether this process (a) is regulated by cells and (b) limits 2-AG pharmacological actions. We have studied simultaneously the facilitated transport of [14C]AEA and [3H]2-AG into rat C6 glioma cells and found uptake mechanisms with different efficacies but similar affinities for the two compounds (Km 11.0 +/- 2.0 and 15.3 +/- 3.1 microM, Bmax 1.70 +/- 0.30 and 0.24 +/- 0.04 nmol.min-1.mg protein-1, respectively). Despite these similar Km values, 2-AG inhibits [14C]AEA uptake by cells at concentrations (Ki = 30.1 +/- 3.9 microM) significantly higher than those required to either 2-AG or AEA to inhibit [3H]2-AG uptake (Ki = 18.9 +/- 1.8 and 20.5 +/- 3.2 microM, respectively). Furthermore: (a) if C6 cells are incubated simultaneously with identical concentrations of [14C]AEA and [3H]2-AG, only the uptake of the latter compound is significantly decreased as compared to that observed with [3H]2-AG alone; (b) the uptake of [14C]AEA and [3H]2-AG by cells is inhibited with the same potency by AM404 (Ki = 7.5 +/- 0.7 and 10.2 +/- 1.7 microM, respectively) and linvanil (Ki = 9.5 +/- 0.7 and 6.4 +/- 1.2 microM, respectively), two inhibitors of the AEA membrane transporter; (c) nitric oxide (NO) donors enhance the uptake of both [14C]AEA and [3H]2-AG, thus suggesting that 2-AG action can be regulated through NO release; (d) AEA and 2-AG induce a weak release of NO that can be blocked by a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, and significantly enhanced in the presence of AM404 and linvanil, thus suggesting that transport into C6 cells limits the action of both endocannabinoids.
NOVEL ZEROTH-ORDER RESONANCE IN COMPOSITE RIGHT/LEFT- HANDED TRANSMISSION LINE RESONATORS

A novel resonator using a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) is presented and its extraordinary resonant characteristics with an infinite-wavelength wave are discussed. The resonance corresponds to the zeroth-order on the analogy of the conventional mode numbering. The zeroth-order resonant characteristics and loss mechanism are fully described by the circuit theory and it is shown that the resonant frequency of the zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) is independent of the physical length so that the resonator can be arbitrarily small under the condition that sufficient reactance is squeezed in a small length. Full-wave simulations and experiments for meta-structured ZORs implemented with the microstrip line technology agree well with the theoretical results and hence the validity of the theory is confirmed. A 61% size reduction from the conventional resonator with a good unloaded Q of 250 is obtained for a prototype ZOR made of 1.5-cell CRLH TL at 1.9GHz in the experiment.
Analisis Pemasaran Ternak Sapi Potong Di Kecamatan Playen Kabupaten Gunungkidul

The Cattle Have A High Potential To Be Developed In Primarily In Playen District Gunungkidul. Cattle Marketing Has An Important Role In The Distribution Of Cattle From Producers To Consumers. Breeder As Producers In The Beef Market Has Always Weakness. This Is Because The Habit Of Breeder Selling Cattle Directly To The Broker. This Research Aims To Determine The Flow Of Profils And Verious Marketing Costs Of Beef Cattle In Playen District Gunungkidul. The Research Was Carried Out For 4 Months Starting From August To November 2011. The Method Used Is A Survey Method And Data Sources Used Are Primary Data And Secondary Data. The Primary Data Obtained Through Interviews With Respondents, Using A Prepared Questionnaire. Secondary Data Were Obtained From The Animal Husbandry Departemen Gunungkidul, Bps, Bappeda, District Office, The Office Of The Village Head. Sample Villages Were Purposively Selected Based On The Number Of Cattle Population Of High, Medium And Small, The Village Bleberan, Plembutan And Playen. The Data Analysis Has Been As Descriptive (Descriptive) , That Is Analysis Of Existing Data Summary Measure Outcomes Cattle Ranchers. Survey Respondents Namely Convenience Sampling Taken By 60 Breeder With Their Own Criteria Cattle Ranges 2-5 Cows And Cows Have Been Sold. The Sample Were Purposive Selected Merchants By 10 Experienced Traders To Trade At Least 5 Years. The Research Results Show That Is Channel In The Playen District Marketing Involving, Among Others: Breeders, Broker, Traders, Wholesalers And Traders Cutter / Butcher. Marketing Margins Are Highest In The Channel To 4 (Breeder - Broker-Traders - Wholesalers - Butcher - Consumer) Rp. 2.200. 000/Cattle. Share Received By Breeder Was Highest In The First Plot Is 100%. The First Marketing Channels Of The (Breeder-Consumers) Is The Most Efficient Workflow In District Playen Gunungkidul. The Conclusion Of This Research, There Are Four Kinds Of Marketing Channel Of Cattle, Those Are: (I). Breeder Consumer Directly. (Ii). Breeder, Broker, Traders Cutter, Consumer. (Iii). Breeder, Broker, Wholesaler, Trader Cutter, The Consumer. (Iv). Breeder, Broker, Traders, Wholesalers, Traders Cutter, The Consumer. The Lowest Marketing Costs And Margins In The First Channel. The Lowest Farmer's Share In The Fourth Channel. The First Marketing Channel Of The Most Efficient In Playen District Gunungkidul, Because It Has The Value Of The Farmer's Share As High As 100%.
Association between HLA‐B*1502 Allele and Antiepileptic Drug‐Induced Cutaneous Reactions in Han Chinese

Summary: A previous study conducted in Taiwan found a 100% association between HLA‐B*1502 allele and carbamazepine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) in Han Chinese subjects, with an extremely high odds ratio compared with carbamazepine‐tolerant subjects (odds ratio = 2,504). We examined this association in 24 Hong Kong Han Chinese subjects who had cutaneous adverse reactions induced by different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). They were matched with 48 AED‐tolerant controls. HLA‐B*1502 was associated with severe cutaneous reactions (SCR) induced by AEDs, which included carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lamotrigine (p = 0.001, odds ratio = 17.6), but was not associated with maculopapular exanthema (MPE) (p = 0.32). Further studies in larger samples of ethnically matched subjects should be conducted to confirm the findings. Identification of genetic polymorphisms predisposing to development of AED‐induced SCR offers the possibility of avoiding these high‐risk drugs in genetically susceptible individuals.
A New Approach for Automatic Test Pattern Generation in Register Transfer Level Circuits

In this paper, we propose an approach to generate high-level test patterns from the arithmetic model of a register-transfer-level (RTL) circuit using a hybrid canonical data structure based on a decision diagram. High-level simplified and fast symbolic path activation strategy as well as input justification is combined with test pattern generation for circuits under consideration. The current approach has been implemented for a range of small to large benchmark circuits. The results clearly demonstrate that tests generated using the proposed method have achieved high fault coverage for known sequential circuit benchmarks in very short central processing unit (CPU) time and minimum memory usage.
Investigating the Value of Information in Mobile Commerce : A Text Mining Approach

The proliferation of mobile applications and the unique characteristics of the mobile environment have attracted significant research interest in understanding customers’ purchasing behaviors in mobile commerce. In this study, we extend customer value theory by combining the predictors of product performance with customer value framework to investigate how in-store information creates value for customers and influences mobile application downloads. Using a data set collected from the Google Application Store, we find that customers value both text and non-text information when they make downloading decisions. We apply latent semantic analysis techniques to analyze customer reviews and product descriptions in the mobile application store and determine the embedded valuable information. Results show that, for mobile applications, price, number of raters, and helpful information in customer reviews and product descriptions significantly affect the number of downloads. Conversely, average rating does not work in the mobile environment. This study contributes to the literature by revealing the role of in-store information in mobile application downloads and by providing application developers with useful guidance about increasing application downloads by improving in-store information management.
Ligand type-specific interactions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ with transcriptional coactivators.

Ligand type-specific interactions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor with transcriptional coactivators. Yasuo Kodera, Ken-ichi Takeyama, Akiko Murayama, Miyuki Suzawa, Yoshikazu Masuhiro, and Shigeaki Kato This article has been withdrawn by the authors. THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 288, NO. 42, p. 30505, October 18, 2013 © 2013 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.
Isolated clival metastasis as the cause of abducens nerve palsy in a patient of breast carcinoma: A rare case report

Metastatic lesions to the clivus have been reported in various cancers including lung cancer, prostate carcinoma, skin melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There have been only a few reports of breast cancer presenting with isolated clival metastasis. We report a case of 35-year-old lady, who was known case of breast carcinoma presented with diplopia as the only sign of clival metastasis. The etiology was established by magnetic resonance imaging which showed an enhancing lesion in the clivus. The diagnosis of clival metastasis from breast cancer was confirmed by transsphenoidal biopsy.
Photometry and polarimetry of Mercury

Information available on the photometric and polarimetric properties of Mercury's surface is discussed, with special consideration given to data concerning the nature of the Mercurial regolith and the comparison of the Mercury's photometric properties with those of the moon. The results from an analysis performed in terms of Hapke's (1981, 1984, 1986) photometric function confirm the remarkable similarity of photometric properties of the two celestial bodies. However, their highland/mare alabedo ratios differs considerably; while the ratio is about 2 on the moon, it is only about 1.4 on Mercury. Mercury also shows slightly lower values of the maximum positive polarization observed, a difference that is consistent with either a slightly higher average reflectance for Mercury, or with a difference in regolith texture, or both.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: What Might Change if We Had Good DRM

Various vendors claim to have solved the online piracy problem in manners that can enable the safe sale of information to Web users. The technologies they sell include watermarking, hardware key "dongles", encryption and monitoring. The major place people worry about digital rights management's (DRM) impact is with existing Web sites that provide free information. Whatever benefits it might bring, DRM software's downside will undoubtedly include the collection of large amounts of user data that could prove valuable to marketers, snoopers, and others besides those who sell online content.
The expression of IV6 beta[Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc]-Gb5Cer in mouse kidney is controlled by the Gsl-5 gene through regulation of UDP-GlcNAc:Gb5Cer beta 1-6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity.

We reported the polymorphic expression of GL-Y (IV6 beta[Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc]-Gb5Cer in kidneys of inbred strains of mice in previous papers [J. Biochem. 101, 553-562 and 563-568 (1987)]. DBA/2 mice express a large amount of GL-X (Gb5Cer), but not GL-Y, in their kidneys, because of a defect on a single autosomal gene (Gsl-5). This suggested that DBA/2 mice lack the ability to transfer GlcNAc onto the C-6 position of GalNAc of Gb5Cer or GL-X. In this study, we characterized UDP-GlcNAc:GL-X beta 1-6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta 1-6GlcNAc transferase) in the microsomal fraction of mouse kidney. Maximum activity was detected with an incubation mixture containing sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 6.4), 0.1% Zwittergent 3-16 and 1 mM EDTA. Divalent cations were not required. The apparent Km values for UDP-GlcNAc and GL-X were 0.42 and 0.12 mM, respectively. The product of the enzymatic reaction was identified as IV6 beta GlcNAc-Gb5Cer by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy and permethylation analyses. Then, we measured the beta 1-6GlcNAc transferase activity in the microsomal fractions of kidneys of inbred strains of mice and progeny obtained on mating. WHT/Ht, C57BL/10, BALB/c, and C3H/He mice, which express GL-Y in their kidneys, exhibited detectable amounts of activity, whereas CBA and DBA/2 mice, which do not express GL-Y, did not exhibit detectable activity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhanced spectrum awareness using Bayesian nonparametric pattern recognition techniques

We explore machine learning pattern recognition techniques as a means of informing intelligent secondary user dynamic spectrum access (DSA) strategies in a cognitive radio environment. We present a framework for learning and inferring primary user protocol state at the application and MAC layers from simple energy detector features. The resulting knowledge about the primary user protocol can be exploited by a secondary user to identify access opportunities, and to recognize when secondary user traffic has disrupted the normal behavior of the primary user. We apply Bayesian nonparametric structure learning techniques to construct Hidden Markov Models (HMM) representing primary user wireless network traffic. The learned HMM models have a highly interpretable hidden state structure that provides insight into the actual state machine of the underlying communication protocol. This framework provides efficient procedures for online protocol classification and state inference that enable the secondary user to reason intelligently about the primary user environment, and develop more efficient and adaptive DSA policies. Experimental results obtained on a wireless network testbed show that our approach learns hidden states that correspond to actual primary user application layer protocol states and also detects anomalous primary user behavior caused by secondary user interference.