Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Gastric small cell carcinoma: 6 cases report and review of literature].

OBJECTIVE To report the management experiences of of gastric small cell carcinoma. METHODS The clinicopathological data of 6 cases of gastric small cell carcinoma treated from 1997 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. And meanwhile review the relevant literature. RESULTS All the 6 cases were male with an average age of 56.5 years (range, 40-66 years). All the patients received surgery and 4 of them received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Two cases were followed up, one lived without recurrence for 4 years all along, the other one died of recurrence and extensive metastasis 9 months after operation. In the literature, 164 male and 59 female patients have been reported to date, with an average age of 64.2 yrs (range, 42-84 years). Tumor located in the fundus in 97 cases, 55 in gastric body,54 in gastric antrum. In gross, 137 cases were classified as ulcerative type, 47 were protruded type. The average tumor diameter was 6.23 cm (range, 0.8-17.0 cm). Among 223 cases, only 43 survived more than 1 year. CONCLUSIONS It is difficult to make a definite diagnosis before or during the operation for gastric small cell carcinoma. The radical operation could be done according to other gastric cancer and the lymph node dissection could be simplified. Postoperative chemotherapy with the same scheme as lung small cell carcinoma may help improving the outcome.
Environmental factors associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental deficits.

A number of environmental agents have been shown to demonstrate neurotoxic effects either in human or laboratory animal studies. Critical windows of vulnerability to the effects of these agents occur both pre- and postnatally. The nervous system is relatively unique in that different parts are responsible for different functional domains, and these develop at different times (e.g., motor control, sensory, intelligence and attention). In addition, the many cell types in the brain have different windows of vulnerability with varying sensitivities to environmental agents. This review focuses on two environmental agents, lead and methylmercury, to illustrate the neurobehavioral and cognitive effects that can result from early life exposures. Special attention is paid to distinguishing between the effects detected following episodes of poisoning and those detected following lower dose exposures. Perinatal and childhood exposure to high doses of lead results in encephalopathy and convulsions. Lower-dose lead exposures have been associated with impairment in intellectual function and attention. At high levels of prenatal exposure, methylmercury produces mental retardation, cerebral palsy and visual and auditory deficits in children of exposed mothers. At lower levels of methylmercury exposure, the effects in children have been more subtle. Other environmental neurotoxicants that have been shown to produce developmental neurotoxicity include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, pesticides, ionizing radiation, environmental tobacco smoke, and maternal use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and cocaine. Exposure to environmental agents with neurotoxic effects can result in a spectrum of adverse outcomes from severe mental retardation and disability to more subtle changes in function depending on the timing and dose of the chemical agent.
Asymmetric power device rating selection for even temperature distribution in NPC inverter

A major drawback of the NPC inverter is an unequal power loss distribution among the power devices which leads to unequal temperature stress among them. Therefore, certain power devices experience higher temperature stress, which is the main cause of power device module failure and thus both the power rating and lifetime of the NPC inverter are limited by the most stressed devices. In this paper, an asymmetric power device rating selection method for the NPC inverter is proposed in order to balance the lifetimes of the power devices. The thermal distribution of the power devices is analyzed based on 30 kW NPC inverter as a case study. Analytical power loss and thermal impedance models depending on the chip size are derived. Finally, using these models, the junction temperatures of the power devices depending on the chip size is discussed and a proper chip size for an even temperature distribution in the NPC inverter is selected.
Mass Distribution and Spatial Organization of the Linear Bacterial Motor of Spiroplasma citri R8A2

ABSTRACT In the simple, helical, wall-less bacterial genus Spiroplasma, chemotaxis and motility are effected by a linear, contractile motor arranged as a flat cytoskeletal ribbon attached to the inner side of the membrane along the shortest helical line. With scanning transmission electron microscopy and diffraction analysis, we determined the hierarchical and spatial organization of the cytoskeleton of Spiroplasma citri R8A2. The structural unit appears to be a fibril, ∼5 nm wide, composed of dimers of a 59-kDa protein; each ribbon is assembled from seven fibril pairs. The functional unit of the intact ribbon is a pair of aligned fibrils, along which pairs of dimers form tetrameric ring-like repeats. On average, isolated and purified ribbons contain 14 fibrils or seven well-aligned fibril pairs, which are the same structures observed in the intact cell. Scanning transmission electron microscopy mass analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified cytoskeletons indicate that the 59-kDa protein is the only constituent of the ribbons.
Delay Fault Testing: Choosing Between Random SIC and Random MIC Test Sequences

The combination of higher quality requirements and sensitivity of high performance circuits to delay defects has led to an increasing emphasis on delay testing of VLSI circuits. In this context, it has been proven that Single Input Change (SIC) test sequences are more effective than classical Multiple Input Change (MIC) test sequences when a high robust delay fault coverage is targeted. In this paper, we show that random SIC (RSIC) test sequences achieve a higher fault coverage than random MIC (RMIC) test sequences when both robust and non-robust tests are under consideration. Experimental results given in this paper are based on a software generation of RSIC test sequences that can be easily generated in this case. For a built-in self-test (BIST) purpose, hardware generated RSIC sequences have to be used. This kind of generation will be shortly discussed at the end of the paper.
SUMO-1 Conjugation in Vivo Requires Both a Consensus Modification Motif and Nuclear Targeting*

SUMO-1 is a small ubiquitin-related modifier that is covalently linked to many cellular protein targets. Proteins modified by SUMO-1 and the SUMO-1-activating and -conjugating enzymes are located predominantly in the nucleus. Here we define a transferable sequence containing the ΨKXE motif, where Ψ represents a large hydrophobic amino acid, that confers the ability to be SUMO-1-modified on proteins to which it is linked. Whereas addition of short sequences from p53 and IκBα, containing the ΨKXE motif, to a carrier protein is sufficient for modification in vitro, modification in vivorequires the additional presence of a nuclear localization signal. Thus, protein substrates must be targeted to the nucleus to undergo SUMO-1 conjugation.
Systematic review: the model for end‐stage liver disease – should it replace Child‐Pugh's classification for assessing prognosis in cirrhosis?

Background: Prognosis in cirrhotic patients has had a resurgence of interest because of liver transplantation and new therapies for complications of end‐stage cirrhosis. The model for end‐stage liver disease score is now used for allocation in liver transplantation waiting lists, replacing Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh score. However, there is debate as whether it is better in other settings of cirrhosis.
Estimating Mumbai's rooftop PV potential through mobilization of IEEE student community

Generating fine grain data about the rooftop PV potential of a city can help the city planning and administration authorities to effectively draft and execute regional rooftop PV policies. A quick and `holistic' rooftop potential estimation approach was developed and tried out in the city of Mumbai, India. Students from IEEE student branches of twelve engineering institutes in the city were trained as surveyors for estimating the rooftop PV potential of buildings. They were taught how to use GIS tools and simulation software to measure the rooftop area suitable for PV installation. They did site surveys to measure the roof area of selected buildings and validated their GIS based study. They also interviewed building owners to understand their perspective towards PV. Different areas within the city were assigned to different teams of students and finally the data was consolidated and used to estimate city level potential. The study concluded that there is a potential to install 1.72 GW over various buildings in the city.
Real or Imaginary? Human Metabolism through Nuclear Magnetism

This account of the beginnings and later applications of the use of nuclear magnetic resonance for noninvasive medical diagnosis was presented at a Symposium held in Oxford, UK, during September 13‐15, 2000 to mark the centenary of the birth of Hans Krebs, on August 25, 1900.
An untapped resource: Treatment as a tool for revealing the nature of cognitive processes

This paper focuses on the role of treatment in cognitive neuropsychological research, arguing that treatment for cognitive impairments should be viewed as a powerful methodology for developing, evaluating, and extending cognitive theories. We suggest that the key aim of cognitive neuropsychology should be characterized as the use of data from the investigation and treatment of individuals with cognitive disorders to develop, evaluate, and extend theories of normal cognition. To support this assertion, this paper discusses examples of how treatment studies have informed theory. The major methodological tool is generalization logic, both generalization across items and generalization across tasks. However, an alternative is to use case series methodology to test predicted correlations between particular cognitive skills and response to treatment. These methods enable explicit testing of a theory or discrimination between theories, focusing on the nature of cognitive representations, the architecture of the cognitive system, and the acquisition of cognitive skills.
Cellular Apoptosis and Organ Injury in Sepsis: A Review

Apoptosis, as a biological phenomenon, is readily identifiable by several characteristic features. It characteristically affects scattered single cells, not groups of contiguous cells as in necrosis, with the dying cell undergoing a relatively ordered form of cell death. This physiological cell death is characterized by cell shrinkage, cellular crenation, cytoplasmic and chromatin condensation, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (1). Changes in membrane glycosylation and lipid profiles, and alteration in expression of surface receptors have been observed. The apoptotic cells are rapidly phagocytosed and degraded by neighbouring cells or resident macrophages without an inflammatory response. This mechanism prevents the release of the phlogistic contents of cells and avoids the possibility of neighbouring host cell injury. The process differs significantly from cell death by necrosis or lysis where cells release their contents into the surrounding tissues and perpetuate the local inflammatory response. A glossary of terms pertinent to this review is included as an appendix.
Estimation of platelet function under high shear conditions to assist a rapid diagnosis of Heyde Syndrome

Loss of high molecular weight von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers in patients suffering from aortic valve stenosis and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding has been regarded as the missing link between aortic stenosis and bleeding. Electrophoretic analysis of VWF multimers is laborious and time-consuming. Further, determination of overall haemostatic competence rather than evaluation of restricted portions thereof may be advantageous. Accumulating evidence suggests that, recently developed in vitro and ex vivo platelet reactivity tests under high shear conditions mirror the in vivo situation. We report on a case of a 79-year-old man who presented with recurrent GI bleeding and severe aortic stenosis. Platelet function testing under high shear conditions using the commercially available cone and plate(let) analyser–Impact-R revealed significantly impaired shear dependent platelet function, suggesting VWD. This test offers an easy to use diagnostic tool to evaluate platelet function in suspected Heyde Syndrome thus leading to immediate tailored patient's management.
Integrating ensemble-urban cellular automata model with an uncertainty map to improve the performance of a single model

Transition rules are the core of urban cellular automata (CA) models. Although the logistic cellular automata (Logistic-CA) is commonly used for rules extraction, it cannot always achieve satisfactory performance because of the spatial heterogeneity and the inherent complexity of urban expansion. This article presents an ensemble-urban cellular automata (Ensemble-CA) model to achieve better transition rules. First, an uncertainty map that assesses the performance of transition rules spatially was achieved. Then, two auxiliary models (i.e. classification and regression tree, CART; and artificial neural network, ANN), both of which have been stabilized with a Bagging algorithm, were prepared for integration using a proposed self-adaptive -nearest neighbors (-NN) combination algorithm. Thereafter, those unconfident sites were replaced with the ensemble output. This model was applied to Guangzhou, China, for an urban growth simulation from 2003 to 2008. Static validation confirmed that this ensemble framework (i.e. without substitution of uncertain sites) can achieve better performance (0.87) in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistics (area under the curve, AUC), and outperformed the best single model (ANN, 0.82) and other common strategies (e.g. weighted average, 0.83). After the substitution of unconfident sites, the AUC of Logistic-CA was elevated from 0.78 to 0.81. Subsequently, two urban growth mechanisms (i.e. pixel- and patch-based) were implemented separately based on the integrated transition rules. Experimental results revealed that the accuracy obtained from simulation of the Ensemble-CA increased considerably. The obtained kappa outperformed the single model, with improvements of 1.74% and 2.76% for pixel- and patch-based approaches, respectively. Correspondingly, landscape similarity index (LSI) improvements of these two mechanisms were 4.24% and 1.82%.
Matching, undermatching, and overmatching in studies of choice.

Almost all of 103 sets of data from 23 different studies of choice conformed closely to the equation: log (B(1)/B(2)) = a log (r(1)/r(2)) + log b, where B(1) and B(2) are either numbers of responses or times spent at Alternatives 1 and 2, r(1) and r(2) are the rates of reinforcement obtained from Alternatives 1 and 2, and a and b are empirical constants. Although the matching relation requires the slope a to equal 1.0, the best-fitting values of a frequently deviated from this. For B(1) and B(2) measured as numbers of responses, a tended to fall short of 1.0 (undermatching). For B(1) and B(2) measured as times, a fell to both sides of 1.0, with the largest mode at about 1.0. Those experiments that produced values of a for both responses and time revealed only a rough correspondence between the two values; a was often noticeably larger for time. Statistical techniques for assessing significance of a deviation of a from 1.0 suggested that values of a between . 90 and 1.11 can be considered good approximations to matching. Of the two experimenters who contributed the most data, one generally found undermatching, while the other generally found matching. The difference in results probably arises from differences in procedure. The procedural variations that lead to undermatching appear to be those that produce (a) asymmetrical pausing that favors the poorer alternative; (b) systematic temporal variation in preference that favors the poorer alternative; and (c) patterns of responding that involve changing over between alternatives or brief bouts at the alternatives.
Triple trench gate IGBTs

In this work, we propose an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a novel lateral triple trench gate architecture, which shows a four times higher forward conduction current compared to devices with a lateral gate or single trench gate structure. For the proof of concept, we realized single trench gate IGBTs using the reduced surface field (RESURF) principle [J.A. Appels, H.M. J. Vaes, A.W. Ludikhuize] for 600V net applications. Typical applications for those integrated smart power systems are, for example, power management of compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) or solid state relays. Further improvement of the forward conduction mode by using triple trench gate structures was studied
Dynamic Modeling and Control of Interleaved Flyback Module-Integrated Converter for PV Power Applications

For photovoltaic applications, the interleaved flyback module-integrated converters (MICs) (IFMICs) operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) show the advantages of high power density, low voltage and current stresses, and low electromagnetic interference but demonstrate a difficult control problem compared to the discontinuous conduction mode. This paper concentrates on the control issues and presents detailed modeling, in-depth dynamic analysis, and a two-step controller design approach for IFMIC systems operating in CCM. The proposed modeling approach is based on the fourth-order system considering the dynamics of the output CL filter. This realistic fourth-order system modeling shows the presence of a resonant peak at a certain frequency, which can cause phase loss and constraints of system bandwidth. A decoupled two-step controller design approach is thus proposed to simplify the modeling and control synthesis in the IFMIC development. The decoupled controller consists of a proportional-integral controller (based on the simplified model), followed by a lag term for mitigating the effect of the resonant peak. A 200-W digitally controlled MIC prototype is constructed for evaluation purposes. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control approaches.
Kinetics of assembly of a parvovirus, minute virus of mice, in synchronized rat brain cells

The rates of assembly of the three classes of particles of minute virus of mice were examined in synchronized rat brain cells by a combination of electron microscopy and biochemical techniques. We observed a burst of virus assembly beginning about 8 h after the end of cellular S phase. Labeled thymidine incorporated into the 1.46 g/cm3 class of full virus particles was transferred almost quantitatively to the 1.42 g/cm3 class. The 1.46 g/cm3 virus appeared to be an immediate precursor to the 1.42 g/cm3 class. Conversion of the 1.46 density virus to the 1.42 density particles was observed at the time of virus assembly. The processing was rapid and occurred primarily in the nucleus. Infected cells did not contain significant pools of viral DNA in a form that could be encapsulated in the absence of DNA synthesis. The role of the empty virus capsids in the assembly process is discussed.
Analysis of a Passive Flow Control Device via Flow Visualization Techniques

This report details an experiment done to verify the effectiveness of a passive flow control system on a two-dimensional bluff body, blunt trailing edge model in controlling wake dimension and Karman vortex sheds. An earlier experiment by Park, et.al. [1] performed analysis via wind tunnel pressure testing and computerized model to determine the ideal proportions of such a tab design and identify the flow properties responsible for the potential drag reduction. To obtain visual verification of the existence of these concepts, a bluff body model proportionally identical to the one used by Park, et.al., was designed and tested in a water tunnel. The model incorporated a distribution system to dispense the colored dye that allowed visualization of the Karman vortices and related flow characteristics. Two endplates, one with the passive control system and one without, were each tested on the bluff body. Comparison of images captured from the two tests revealed the tab system induced flow characteristics indicative of 3D forcing and drag reduction. Additional investigation of the system performed by varying the angle of attack revealed a decrease in the tab device’s effectiveness as angle to the flow increased. Further experimentation could be done to investigate if modifications exist to improve the performance of the system in conditions not parallel to freestream flow; such a system would expand the potential applications of this passive flow control device in aerodynamic applications.
Association between catastrophizing and self-rated pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain.

BACKGROUND Catastrophizing plays an important role in models of pain chronicity, showing a consistent correlation with both pain intensity and disability. It is conceivable that these associations are mediated or confounded by other psychological attributes. OBJECTIVE To examine the relative influence of catastrophizing and other psychological variables on pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain. METHODS Seventy-eight patients completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (work/activity), Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire, Modified Zung Depression Scale, and Pain Intensity scale. RESULTS Catastrophizing was significantly correlated with both Pain intensity and Roland and Morris Disability, and with all other psychological variables (all p < 0.001). However, multiple regression analyses showed that Catastrophizing explained no significant variance in Pain intensity beyond that explained by the unique contributions of Modified Somatic Perception and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (work) and explained no further variance in Disability beyond that explained by the unique contributions of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (work) and Depression. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with previous models proposing that negative psychological attributes are associated with greater perceptions of pain and disability. Nonetheless, our study indicates that measures of catastrophizing show notable measurement overlap in multivariate models.
The 128-Bit Blockcipher CLEFIA

We propose a new 128-bit blockcipher CLEFIA supporting key lengths of 128, 192 and 256 bits, which is compatible with AES. CLEFIA achieves enough immunity against known attacks and flexibility for efficient implementation in both hardware and software by adopting several novel and state-of-the-art design techniques. CLEFIA achieves a good performance profile both in hardware and software. In hardware using a 0.09 µm CMOS ASIC library, about 1.60 Gbps with less than 6 Kgates, and in software, about 13 cycles/byte, 1.48 Gbps on 2.4 GHz AMD Athlon 64 is achieved. CLEFIA is a highly efficient blockcipher, especially in hardware.