Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Temporal Reasoning in ISCO

This invention relates to novel lubricating compositions and to a process for treating metal sheet or strip stock to impart lubricity and abrasion resistance thereto which comprises electrodepositing a lubricating film containing both trivalent chromium oxide and water soluble surfactant from an aqueous bath composition containing hexavalent chromium and at least one water soluble surfactant which comprises passing current from an anode to a cathode through said aqueous bath composition for a time period sufficient to deposit a lubricant-containing trivalent chromium oxide film upon said cathode.
A mode system for read-only references in Java

The use of references is typical in object-oriented programming. They are used for e.g. constructing compound objects, i.e. objects that hold references to other objects, and to perform in-place updates. Object sharing with references introduces problems since every object holding a reference to another can use it to invoke methods that modify the referenced object’s state. This makes it harder to control the origin of changes to a specific object and thus makes it harder to reason about programs [8]. Since all references always give full access to their referenced objects’ protocol, it is generally not possible to share an object by reference without risking that its mutator methods are used to modify it. In C++, this problem can be partly addressed by the use of const objects, const pointers and const methods although with some limitations. This is not possible in Java since it lacks a similar construct. Instead, approaches such as the proxy-pattern or more Java-specific constructs such as interfaces can be used to some extent but with some limitations, see e.g. [7] and [8]. We propose a new Java construct for read-only references that protects the transitive state of its referenced object. It is an improvement over C++’s const in that it is transitive and furthermore it does not suffer from some of the limitations of e.g. protection through interfaces or the limitations of the read-only constructs reviewed in related work.
Accuracy of a learner’s edits to their learner model

The thesis investigates the accuracy of which a learner can edit their learner model. The research considers how ability of a domain, self assessment skills and learning material could help the learner in editing their learner model. To help identify the accuracy of a learner’s editing, erroneous data has been placed into the learner model, to see whether learners can edit their learner models and demonstrate an understanding of their learning. Erroneous data is not normally inserted into a learner model, and in this case is done automatically through the learner modelling process, with the participants having no prior knowledge of this. The learner model developed here is a model of strength of beliefs, where the learner gets to edit their strength of belief. The results showed some interesting findings, with the most noticeable that the majority of participants were able to successfully edit any erroneous misconceptions, whilst none could correctly edit any erroneous knowledge statements inserted.
Wi-Fi tracking : what about privacy

Tracking individuals is a major issue today. Several methods exist, but they are limited you to user interaction. A new way of tracking is based on Wi-Fi which does not need any user cooperation. However this method involves new privacy threats. This paper verify if the existing solutions to protect the privacy are secure enough. The tracking system is based on Wi-Fi sensors installed in different locations to monitor and record packets sent by Wi-Fi-enabled devices. The identification process is possible thanks to the MAC address contained in each packet. However this unique identifier is bound to the user and has to be securely stored. Tracking individuals has plenty of applications. Studying the habit of customers in shop center is a service offered by several new specialized companies. We analyze which kind of protection are used, where and how data are stored. One commonly used protection is the one-way hash function. Studying the MAC1 addresses' distribution leads us to develop an attack. Finally, a test platform is built to validate or not the solutions or think to new ones.
Polymorphie et sémantique lexicale : le cas des adjectifs

Cette these propose un traitement de la polymorphie adjectivale dans le cadre de la theorie semi-polymorphique du lexique generatif (pustejovsky, 1995). Par les biais des adjectifs d'emotion, orientes-agent et l'adjectif "vieux", elle montre que, d'une part, la polymorphie n'est pas infinie et que, d'autre part, elle peut etre predite si l'on dispose des outils adequats : des riches representations typees et des mecanismes de composition. Pour chaque classe d'adjectifs, elle decrit le comportement polymorphique en details, elle soutient que celles-ci presentent des alternances regulieres, qui les distinguent d'autres classes, que ces alternances decoulent de certaines proprietes qui peuvent etre encodees dans la representation lexicale (ici, les structures des qualia) et enfin que ces representations, en retour, expliquent leur comportement.
Student Perceptions of Interactive Whiteboards ina Biology Classroom

The aim of this paper is to design interactive teaching strategies with Interactive White Boards (IWB) and examine their effectiveness in teaching biology. Following the trend of integrating the IWB in teaching, in this study we tried to stress the advantages of IWB to provide better and effective teaching of biology in schools. The research was conducted with students from third year in two secondary schools in Stip. Students were divided into two groups. IWB-group (n = 35) – which used white board in biology classes and T-group (n = 35). T-group was the control group which applied classical teaching where the teacher used Microsoft PowerPoint slides on the screen. The results showed that compared with classical training, IWB is more effective in presenting topics of biology, or, more specifically, the theme “cell division” which was processed with both groups of students. Some limitations and areas for improvement were also noted. These results can be used to inform educators on possible applications of the IWB’s use not only in biology but in other school subjects as well.
Discourse Technology: An Evaluation of Math Technology and Proficiency Scores for Worthington City Schools.

The Worthington City School District, Worthington, Ohio, purchased, through Mind Surf software, a mathematics software program for two of their four middle schools. Each student was given a keyboard at the beginning of class. If the entered answer is correct, the student sees a green light on the keyboard. An incorrect answer lights a red light, and the student may not proceed until the green light is earned. Because the keyboards are numbered, the teacher can track the progress of each student. The school district hoped that this discourse technology would improve the student's scores on the Ohio mathematics proficiency test. Students in the discourse technology class are those identified as at-risk for failing the eighth grade mathematics proficiency test. Results for the past 5 years, for roughly 800 students each year, show that students who use the technology have benefited and the district's test scores have improved. The cost of the software is high, but student achievement has risen. (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Discourse Technology: An Evaluation Of Math Technology and Proficiency Scores for Worthington City Schools PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY ) A GiliActA TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Jennifer Perkins and David A. Gilman
Automatic detection and modeling of new words in a large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition system

In practical large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems, it is nearly impossible for a speaker to remember which words are in the vocabulary. In this thesis, we describe a novel technique that automatically detects when the speaker has used a word that is not in the vocabulary. The technique uses a general model for the acoustics of any word to recognize the existence of new words. Using this general word model, we measure the detection rate of new words versus the false alarm rate. Experiments were run using the DARPA 1000-word Resource Management Corpus for continuous speech recognition. We have used BYBLOS, the BBN continuous speech recognition system, which is based on hidden Markov models, to perform these experiments. The results indicated a useful detection rate for new words of 71% with a false alarm rate of 1%, which imply that the new-word detection technology described in this thesis, can be used in current speech recognition systems. Once a new word is detected, it is desirable to add the word to the vocabulary of the system. We present a new technique for obtaining a phonetic transcription for a new word, which is needed to add the new word to the system. The technique utilizes DECtalk's text-to-sound rules to obtain an initial phonetic transcription for the new word. Since these text-to-sound rules are imperfect, we use a probabilistic transformation technique that produces a phonetic pronunciation network of all possible pronunciations given DECtalk's transcription. The network is used to constrain a phonetic recognition process that results in an improved phonetic transcription for the new word. The improved phonetic transcription is used to build a specific model for the new word. Then the word is added to the vocabulary and to the proper places in the language model.
Tandem approach for information fusion in audio visual speech recognition

Speech is the most frequently preferred medium for humans to interact with their environment making it an ideal instrument for human-computer interfaces. However, for the speech recognition systems to be more prevalent in real life applications, high recognition accuracy together with speaker independency and robustness to hostile conditions is necessary. One of the main preoccupation for speech recognition systems is acoustic noise. Audio Visual Speech Recognition systems intend to overcome the noise problem utilizing visual speech information generally extracted from the face or in particular the lip region. Visual speech information is known to be a complementary source for speech perception and is not impacted by acoustic noise. This advantage brings in two additional issues into the task which are visual feature extraction and information fusion. There is extensive research on both issues but an admissable level of success has not been reached yet. This work concentrates on the issue of information fusion and proposes a novel methodology. The aim of the proposed technique is to deploy a preliminary decision stage at frame level as an initial stage and feed the Hidden Markov Model with the output posterior probabilities as in tandem HMM approach. First, classification is performed for each modality separately. Sequentially, the individual classifiers of each modality are combined to obtain posterior probability vectors corresponding to each speech frame. The purpose of using a preliminary stage is to integrate acoustic and visual data for maximum class separability. Hidden Markov Models are employed as the second stage of modelling because of their ability to handle temporal evolutions of data. The proposed approach is investigated in a speaker independent scenario for digit recognition with the existence of diverse levels of car noise. The method is compared with a principal information fusion framework in audio visual speech recognition which is Multiple Stream Hidden Markov Models (MSHMM). The results on M2VTS database show that the novel method achieves resembling performance with less processing time as compared to MSHMM.
Une description bilingue des temps verbaux : étude contrastive en corpus

Résumé Cet article présente une analyse contrastive et empirique des temps verbaux du passé et du présent en français et en anglais. Dans cette recherche, nous commençons par passer en revue les descriptions théoriques sur les usages des temps verbaux dans une perspective monolingue dans les langues considérées, puis nous regardons ce que les corpus parallèles révèlent au sujet des divergences d’usage entre l’anglais et le français. Enfin, nous proposons un premier modèle de représentation formelle de ces divergences. L’étude en corpus que nous présentons révèle une disparité entre les descriptions théoriques des usages des temps verbaux et leurs possibilités de traduction et la manière dont les temps verbaux sont réellement utilisés dans divers registres. La formalisation des temps verbaux que nous proposons pour une perspective bilingue allie la Théorie de la Pertinence, les coordonnées de Reichenbach, et inclut des distinctions plus fines entre usage narratif et non narratif, subjectif et non subjectif.
Biological Foundations of Language

The author presents this book as a theoretical treatise, a discussion, rather than an exhaustive coverage of the many fields bearing on the biologic foundations of language. He opposes the traditional theory that language is based on the accidental discovery and rational utilization of inarticulate sounds. Instead, he addresses himself to the query "Why can only man learn to speak a natural language? " The author proposes the thesis that natural language is a species specific trait of man. As preliminary background it is emphasized that a major characteristic of a biologic trait is that the order of emergence of sensory and motor capabilities, reflexes, and spontaneous motor acts is constant and predictable for any given species. Conversely, the order of emergence of spontaneous behavior varies in different species. In developing the treatise the author reviews a rather wide variety of subjects. One chapter of special interest contains an analysis of some of the physiological correlates of speech. The task of the nervous system is to control the over 100 muscles utilized for speech to produce an average of 14 phonemes per second in proper sequence. This is a task requiring several hundred individual muscular events per second throughout the speech apparatus. His discussion of the implications of this for the neural preprogramming and sequencing of the motor events is admirable. Theoretical considerations are given to suggesting that rhythm is the organizing principle underlying production of speech and understanding of language. A chapter on the growth and maturation of language presents support for the biologic thesis. This chapter is accurate and informative. Subsequent chapters on the evolution and genetics of language and on primitive stages in language development are informative and support his thesis. This reviewer is not qualified to pass on their accuracy in detail. A chapter on neurologic aspects of speech and language does not present any new concepts to the neurologist. In an interesting chapter on language and cognition, the author holds that words are not labels attached to objects by conditioning but, rather, that words stand for the act of categorization or for the formation of concepts. The concept exists before labeling occurs. The final chapter is a general summary of his theory. Neurologists will find little to quarrel with in the chief concepts of this book. The approach to these concepts and the evidence presented differ from that ordinarily employed by neurologists. In this aspect the book is highly informative. This reviewer found that the book required close concentration to follow the logical development of the theoretical treatise. The text is clearly written, but much of the material is outside the usual field of the neurologist. Since it bears directly on neurologic events from a different vantage point, the book proved most stimulating. I commend it to those interested in the neurology of behavior, whether language or general behavior. An appendix by Noam Chomsky on the formal nature of language and one by Otto Mam on the history of the biologic basis of language
A GPU-based method for approximate real-time fluid flow simulation

Fluid flow can be realistically simulated by physical models. We present a method for simplifying the Navier-Stokes equations by relaxing the incompressibility constraint. Our method allows for low-cost real-time simulation of two-dimensional fluid flow with accuracy sufficient for computer graphics. The implementation takes advantage of recent programmable floating-point graphics hardware, which performs all the necessary computations.
Metrical Alignment of Medial Syllables in 3- and 4-Beat Patterns

3and 4-beat patterns The 2000 Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Chicago, IL, January 8th, 2000 Mafuyu Kitahara, Kenneth de Jong, Robert F. Port, Deborah F. Burleson, David R. Collins*, Adam P. Leary Dept. of Linguistics/*Dept. of Psychology, Indiana University
Les maladies de l'enfant liées à l'eau en milieu urbain

Enjeux prioritaires concernant les pays tropicaux, cet article fait le point sur l’influence des concentrations humaines, de l’urbanisation et des penuries repetees d’eau sur la sante de l’enfant. L’ensemble des pathologies transmises par l’eau represente dans les pays en voie de developpement pres de 80% des motifs de consultation, sans pour autant omettre le role de la pollution chimique et plus particulierement de l’emploi d’insecticides ou d’engrais nitres dont les repercutions medicales chez l’enfant se feront sentir plus tardivement. L’industrialisation non planifiee responsable de telles agressions chimiques pourrait avoir des repercutions catastrophiques sur l’etat de sante d’enfants deja affaiblis par les pathologies transmissibles generalement rencontrees dans les pays du Sud. L’action d’education sanitaire ne doit pas dans cette optique omettre les consequences psychologiques et comportementales, chez l’enfant, d’une urbanisation anarchique ne tenant pas compte de l’approvisionnement fiable et regulier en eau potable.
Simulação de um Protocolo de Descoberta de Serviços Seguro e Flexível para Ambientes Ubíquos

Flexible Secure Service Discovery (FSSD) is a service discovery pro- tocol for ubiquitous environments. Designed to offer flexibility to the user, it allows the configuration of the collaboration, security and privacy levels used in its operation. This work presents the implementation of a FSSD prototype, with a simulation framework, used to analize the behavior of the protocol. Re- sults show that the protocol satisfy the requirements of its specification. Resumo. Flexible Secure Service Discovery (FSSD) e um protocolo de desco- berta de servicos para ambientes ubiquos. Projetado para oferecer flexibilidade ao usuario, ele permite a configuracao dos niveis de colaboracao, seguranca e privacidade durante sua operacao. Este trabalho apresenta a implementacao de um prototipo do FSSD, atraves de um framework de simulacao, utilizado para a analise do comportamento do protocolo. Os resultados mostram que o protocolo atende aos requisitos de sua especificacao. 1. Introducao Um dos principais objetivos da computacao ubiqua e oferecer servicos computacionais de maneira transparente para usuarios e dispositivos. Um protocolo de descoberta de servicos e um componente importante neste contexto, pois abstrai do usuario questoes de configuracao durante interacoes com outros dispositivos. O processo de descoberta pode ser abstraido no casamento entre consultas por um servico e anuncios do mesmo servico. O Flexible Secure Service Discovery (FSSD) e um protocolo de descoberta de servicos cujo projeto e centrado em dois aspectos principais: seguranca e flexibilidade. Os mecanismos do protocolo operam de maneira distribuida, de forma que seu uso se torna viavel em um ambiente ubiquo, onde nao ha uma infraestrutura estatica de rede. A descoberta e realizada de acordo com as escolhas do usuario dentro do trade-off entre colaboracao, seguranca e privacidade. Este trade-off pode ser ajustado dinamicamente, conforme o contexto onde a descoberta de servicos e utilizada.
YAP user''s manual

In an isotope-separation process, using polyatomic molecules having a complicated absorption spectrum such that the isotope shifts are masked, a plurality of laser pulses are used to irradiate a gaseous mixture of molecules including a compound of a desired isotope so as to raise the molecules thereof to higher vibrational energy levels which are substantially unpopulated thermally. The laser pulses have slightly different wavelengths corresponding to respective specific rotational lines of specific vibrational level transitions of molecules containing the desired isotope.
Hybrid analysis techniques for software fault detection

Author(s): Young, Michal Terry | Abstract: Since the question "Does program P obey specification S" is undecidable in general, every practical software validation technique must compromise accuracy in some way. Testing techniques admit the possibility that a fault will go undetected, as the price for quitting after a finite number of test cases. Formal verification admits the possibility that a proof will not be found for a valid assertion, as the price for quitting after a finite amount of proof effort. No technique so dominates others that a wise validation strategy consists of applying that technique alone; rather, effective validation requires applying several techniques.
Implementing information technology : the effect on teaching style and the role of the teacher

The purpose of this study was to examine teachers' perceptions of the effect of using computer technology on their role in the classroom and on their personal teaching style. The subject group consisted of twenty-six educators in School District No. 5 (Southeast Kootenay) who were part of a vanguard group that received leadership training in using educational technology in the classroom. The subject group represented all geographic areas of the school district and included teachers from both elementary and secondary schools. The study consisted of a four-part questionnaire that asked teachers to rate their individual technology skills, their attitudes towards the use of technology in the classroom, and assess their individual teaching style and perceived role in the classroom. Both Likert type scale and open-ended questions were used. The questiormaire was administered to all participants in the fall of 1999 and the data compiled and analyzed in January 2000. The initial findings support the argument that the role of the teacher changes with the implementation of technology in the classroom. The survey indicates that teachers integrating technology into their classrooms favor a constructivist approach to knowledge and learning. Gender differences were noted in teacher attitudes towards the use of technology in the classroom, teacher skill levels in using technology and also the role of the teacher. Female elementary and secondary teachers rated themselves lower in technology skills than their male counterparts and were less likely to view technology as important to their daily instruction. Elementary teachers were more likely to change their instructional practices to accommodate students than secondary teachers. In addition, elementary teachers used computers more frequently than secondary teachers for class preparation and non-school activities.