Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geophysical modeling of collapse‐prone zones at Rumble III seamount, southern Pacific Ocean, New Zealand

Catastrophic collapses of submarine volcanoes have the potential to generate major tsunami, threatening many coastal populations. Recognizing the difficulties surrounding anticipations of these events, quantitative assessment of collapse‐prone regions based on detailed morphological, geological, and geophysical mapping can still provide important information about the hazards associated with these collapses. Rumble III is one of the shallowest, and largest, submarine volcanoes found along the Kermadec arc, and is both volcanically and hydrothermally active. Previous surveys have delineated major collapse features at Rumble III; based on time‐lapse bathymetry, dramatic changes in the volcano morphology have been shown to have occurred over the interval 2007–2009. Furthermore, this volcano is located just ∼300 km from the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. Here, we present a geophysical model for Rumble III that provides the locations and sizes of potential weak regions of this volcano. Shipborne and near‐seafloor geological and geophysical data collected by the AUV Sentry are used to determine the subsurface distribution of weak and unstable volcanic rocks. The resulting model provides evidence for potentially unstable areas located in the Southeastern flank of this volcano which should be included in future hazard predictions.
Disentangling supply and demand shifts: the impacts on world salmon price

To understand price changes, one must determine the relative impact of supply and demand shifts on price. Conditional on predetermined supply and demand elasticities, we retrieve yearly shifts in regional supply and demand. The relative impact on price from each supply and demand shift is determined through an equilibrium displacement model (EDM). This procedure is applied on a yearly basis for the world salmon market in the period 2002 to 2011. The results indicate a large variation in demand and supply growth both over time and between regions. While average annual price impacts from supply or demand shifts from most regions are not statistically significant, price impacts from supply or demand shifts for specific periods are detected in all but one region. This indicates that the use of smooth trend indicators is likely to be inappropriate for measuring supply and demand shifts and their impacts on price. The procedure presented in this article can be a useful instrument for determining the relative impacts of supply and demand shifts on price in any market with unstable price behaviour.
Homogenization of the Maxwell equations in an anisotropic material

This paper contains an overview of the homogenization of anisotropic materials at fixed frequency using the concept of two‐scaled convergence. The homogenized electric and magnetic parameters, the relative permittivity, and the relative permeability are found by suitable averages of the solution of a local problem in the unit cell. A comparison between the exact homogenization method presented in this paper and the traditional mixture formulae, which are based on physical arguments, is made.
Breeding soundness of stud bulls

Four bulls of mixed breeds (Sahiwal × Zebu, Sindhi × Zebu, Jersey × Zebu and Holstein-Friesian × Zebu )were examined physically and their semen was evaluated in three seasons : I (Rainy): May - November, II (Winter): December - February, III (Summer): March- April. The semen volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration and percentage of dead sperm ranged from 4.1 to 7.6 ml, 56.6 to 76%, 1010.3 to 1290.7 × 10 6 /ml and 18.4 to 24.7%, respectively. All these attributes varied significantly (p 0.05). It is suggested that the Holstein - Friesian × Zebu crossbred bull produces better quality semen than others. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v25i2. 4618 Bangl. vet . 2008. Vol. 25, No. 2, 51-61
Using Principal Component Analysis to support students' performance prediction and data analysis

We propose a method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for predicting students’ performances and for identifying relevant patterns concerning their characteristics. The proposed method allowed us to study the predictive capability of students’ performances and the effectiveness of PCA for interpreting patterns in educational data. The proposed method was validated using two public datasets describing students achievements, as well as their social and personal characteristics. Experiments were conducted by comparing the predictive performances between the datasets presenting high and reduced dimensions. The results reported that PCA retained relevant information of data and was useful for identifying implicit knowledge in students’ data.
Interactive Thin Elastic Materials for Virtual Reality Applications

Thin shell materials such as cloth and biological skin often exhibit complex nonlinear elastic behaviors. However, modeling elastic nonlinearity can be computationally expensive and numerically unstable, imposing significant challenges for simulating such objects in interactive virtual reality applications. In this paper, we present an interactive framework for modeling highly incompliant thin shells using a constraint-based multi-resolution approach. We extend a strain limiting method to work on deformation gradients of triangulated surface models in three dimensional space to achieve the material nonlinearity. Working with an efficient data structure, we carry out an iterative non-linear, Gauss-Seidel-like constraint procedure to enforce constraints at a multi-level hierarchy. Therefore, the proposed algorithm accelerates large constraint systems to converge rapidly. Strain limits are enforced at each level of the hierarchy with simultaneous enforcement of boundary conditions. The simplicity and efficiency of the algorithm makes simulations of highly in-complaint materials substantially fast and enables more accurate simulation results compared with standard methods. More importantly, our method is applicable for interactive virtual environments. CR Categories: I.3. 7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism—Animation I.6. 8 [Simulation and Modeling]: Types of Simulation—Animation;
Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures and Tropical Cyclone Formation.

Abstract It has long been accepted that interannual fluctuations in sea surface temperature (SST) in the Atlantic are associated with fluctuations in seasonal Atlantic basin tropical cyclone frequency. To isolate the physical mechanism responsible for this relationship, a singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to establish the dominant covarying modes of tropospheric wind shear and SST as well as horizontal SST gradients. The dominant SVD mode of covarying vertical shear and SST gradients, which comprises equatorially confined near-zonal vertical wind shear fluctuations across the Atlantic basin, is highly correlated with both equatorial eastern Pacific SST anomalies (associated with El Nino) and West African Sahel rainfall. While this mode is strongly related to tropical storm, hurricanes, and major hurricane frequency in the Atlantic, it is not associated with any appreciable Atlantic SST signal. By contrast, the second SVD mode of covarying vertical shear and horizontal SST gradient variability, wh.
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of the Goniometer-Pro App vs a Universal Goniometer in determining Passive Flexion of Knee

Purpose: Smartphones have become a staple in our society. They are essential not only for our day-to-day lives but also as a healthcare tool in the face of the emergence of a myriad of health-based applications. Analyze the reliability and concurrent validity of an iPhone app as compared with traditional goniometry. Methods: 21 subjects of our work centre, in 2016 had 4 measurements of their degree of knee flexion for a randomly chosen knee position: 2 by universal goniometry (UG) and 2 by the Goniometer-Pro (G-Pro) application. A different evaluator made each measurement. The radiographs were used as a gold standard to measure the actual knee flexion angle. Results: The difference between mean intra-group values was 3,148o (±2,669o) and 2,476o (±2,638o) for G-Pro. The difference between the mean intra-group values was 5.45o. Inter-observer consistency for UG was 0,990 and 0,993 for GPro; As regards validity, the values obtained were 0,976 for UG and 0,992 for G-Pro. Conclusions: The Goniometer-Pro app seems to be a reliable and accurate tool for determining the values of knee flexion. The values obtained are slightly more accurate than those of traditional goniometry. Implication: This study intend to promote the use of apps of systemic form in the health system, as a component integrated into the management of the health. This work not only compares the reliability of two methods of measurement, compare the reliability or validity with a gold standard, as it is the radiological measurement.
Breeding for increased nitrogen-use efficiency : a review for wheat ( T . aestivum L . )

Nitrogen fertilizer is the most used nutrient source in modern agriculture and represents significant environmental and production costs. In the meantime, the demand for grain increases and production per area has to increase as new cultivated areas are scarce. In this context, breeding for an efficient use of nitrogen became a major objective. In wheat, nitrogen is required to maintain a photosynthetically active canopy ensuring grain yield and to produce grain storage proteins that are generally needed to maintain a high end-use quality. This review presents current knowledge of physiological, metabolic and genetic factors influencing nitrogen uptake and utilization in the context of different nitrogen management systems. This includes the role of root system and its interactions with microorganisms, nitrate assimilation and its relationship with photosynthesis as postanthesis remobilization and nitrogen partitioning. Regarding nitrogen-use efficiency complexity, several physiological avenues for increasing it were discussed and their phenotyping methods were reviewed. Phenotypic and molecular breeding strategies were also reviewed and discussed regarding nitrogen regimes and genetic diversity.
The near-resonant regimes of a moving load in a 3 D problem for a coated elastic half space

The paper deals with 3D analysis of the near-resonant regimes of a point load, moving steadily along the surface of a coated elastic half-space. The developed approach relies on a specialized hyperbolic-elliptic formulation for the wave field earlier established by the authors. Straightforward integral solutions of the 2D perturbed wave equation describing wave propagation along the surface are derived along with their far-field asymptotic expansions obtained using the uniform stationary phase method. Both sub-Rayleigh and super-Rayleigh cases are studied. It is shown that the singularities arising at the contour of the Mach cones typical of the super-Rayleigh case, are smoothed due to a dispersive effect of the coating.
Settlement and post-larvae behaviour of Mytitus galtoprovincialis: field and laboratory experiments

Field sampling carried out in the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain) from 1991 to 1993 showed that Mytilus gallopro\rincJa! Js settle dtreclly from the plankton onto substrates exposed to various environmental conditions: exposed rocky shore; protected rocky shore; exposed, raft mussel-culture area; and protected. raft mussel-culture area. For direct settlement, competent larvae may use a wide variety of substrates: filamentous nylon ropes; the byssus and intricately arranged material m the boLtom of mussel beds; filamentous, thallus and membranous algae; and rugostties on adult mussel shells. The peak of settlement occurred from spring to early autumn and differences in the settlement abundance among localities were influenced by currents. After this peak, the settlement of larger post-larvae continued, associated with the increase in storms during autumn that detach them from their original substrates. This dispersion phase allows for the possibility of colonising, or recmiting on other areas. even during the post-spawning season when the presence of small post-larvae is at its minimum. Laboratory experiments carried out with post-larval stages from 0.250 to 2.000 mm showed that under static water conditions they crawl and form clumps, but do not search for a specific substrate. If they are not disturbed, they may remain in their original place or settlement. Conversely, under moving water conditions they attach to a wide variety of substrates. particularly to byssal filaments and thalli of red algae Ceramium rubrum. The contact and attachment to substrates is carried out with a long mucous thread that also aids in forming dumps. The use of this mucus to settle results in a 'preference' for natural lilamentous substrates but also in setUement on rugous hard surfaces. An alternative hypothesis to the primary and secondary settlement pattern previously described in the literature for Myt1lus edulis is suggested.
Efficient and selective hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of sulfides in batch and segmented and continuous flow using a peroxometalate-based polymer immobilised ionic liquid phase catalyst

The peroxometalate-based polymer immobilized ionic liquid phase catalyst [PO4{WO(O2)2}4]@PIILP has been prepared by anion exchange of ring opening metathesis-derived pyrrolidinium-decorated norbornene/cyclooctene copolymer and shown to be a remarkably efficient system for the selective oxidation of sulfides under mild conditions. A cartridge packed with a mixture of [PO4{WO(O2)2}4]@PIILP and silica operated as a segmented or continuous flow process and gave good conversions and high selectivity for either sulfoxide (92% in methanol at 96% conversion for a residence time of 4 min) or sulfone (96% in acetonitrile at 96% conversion for a residence time of 15 min). The immobilized catalyst remained active for 8 h under continuous flow operation with a stable activity/selectivity profile that allowed 6.5 g of reactant to be processed (TON = 46 428) while a single catalyst cartridge could be used for the consecutive oxidation of multiple substrates giving activity-selectivity profiles that matched those obtained with fresh catalyst.
hat makes education positional ? Institutions , overeducation and he competition for jobs alentina

We compare three theoretical models for the relationship between schooling and labor market outcomes. On the one hand, the job competition model, which views education as a positional good with relative value on the labor market; on the other hand, the human capital and the social closure models, which view the value of education as absolute but differ in their expectations about returns to years of education above what required for the job. We analyze European countries using data from the European Social Survey (2010), and investigate the incidence of overeducation and the returns to years of overeducation in order to distinguish between the three theoretical models. We then relate these theoretical perspectives to vereducation RU model ocational education nstitutions institutions of the education system and of labor market coordination. Our empirical results indicate that education is more likely to function as a positional good in countries with weakly developed vocational education systems, where individuals have an incentive to acquire higher levels of education in order to stay ahead of the labor queue. However, no convincing support was found for the relationship we hypothesized between wage coordination and returns to years of overeducation.
The Distribution of Environmental Equity: Exploring Spatial Nonstationarity in Multivariate Models of Air Toxic Releases

Abstract Conventional multivariate regression can hide important local variations in the relationships among independent and dependent variables in models of environmental equity. Geographically weighted regression (GWR), in combination with choropleth mapping, can reveal this spatial nonstationarity and shed light on its form. We use GWR, in combination with conventional univariate and multivariate statistics, to model the density of air toxic releases in New Jersey, as listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). The GWR analysis shows that the relationships among race, class, employment, urban concentration, and land use with air toxic release density in New Jersey vary significantly over space. Generally, there is a positively significant relationship of minorities with air toxic releases over a large swath of urban and suburban New Jersey, although this pattern is not evident for all urban areas. Northeast New Jersey, the most densely populated part of the state, contains areas of both significantly positive and negative relationships between concentrations of minorities and air toxic releases. The association of minorities with concentrations of air toxic releases, where observed, is often mediated by other factors, though the role of these mediating factors also varies from place to place. In some of these areas the minority–air-toxic-release association is mediated by high poverty rates, in other areas, by the presence of industrial, commercial, and transportation land uses.
The relation between renal failure and kidney function parameters , packed cell volume and blood pressure

Renal failure definition is the inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes. The condition may be varying from acute to chronic. Acute renal failure is characterized by oliguria and the rapid accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood which is called (azotemia). It results from hemorrhage, trauma, burn, toxic injury to the kidney, acute pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis, or lower urinary tract obstruction. Many forms of acute renal failure are reversible after the underlying cause has been identified. There are three typical phases for acute renal failure: prodromal, oliguric, and postoliguric [1]. Treatment includes regulated intake of fluids and of all substances that require excretion by the kidney. Antibiotics and diuretics medications were used. Chronic renal failure may result from many other diseases [2]. The initial signs include fatigue, sluggishness, and mental dullness. Later, anuria, convulsions, GI bleeding, malnutrition, and various neuropathies may occur. The color of the skin may turn yellow-brown. Congestive heart failure and hypertension are frequent complications, the results of hypervolemia. Urinalysis reveals greater than normal amounts of urea and creatinine, waxy casts, and a constant volume of urine regardless of variations in water intake. Anemia frequently occurs [3]. The prognosis of the patient health depends on ABSTRACT
Structured Gaussian Processes with Twin Multiple Kernel Learning

Vanilla Gaussian processes (GPs) have prohibitive computational needs for very large data sets. To overcome this difficulty, special structures in the covariance matrix, if exist, should be exploited using decomposition methods such as the Kronecker product. In this paper, we integrated the Kronecker decomposition approach into a multiple kernel learning (MKL) framework for GP regression. We first formulated a regression algorithm with the Kronecker decomposition of structured kernels for spatiotemporal modeling to learn the contribution of spatial and temporal features as well as learning a model for out-of-sample prediction. We then evaluated the performance of our proposed computational framework, namely, structured GPs with twin MKL, on two different real data sets to show its efficiency and effectiveness. MKL helped us extract relative importance of input features by assigning weights to kernels calculated on different subsets of temporal and spatial features.
The role of glutathione transferases in renal cell carcinoma

Mounting evidence suggest that members of the subfamily of cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) possess roles far beyond the classical glutathione-dependent enzymatic conjugation of electrophilic metabolites and xenobiotics. Namely, monomeric forms of certain GSTs are capable of forming protein: protein interactions with protein kinases and regulate cell apoptotic pathways. Due to this dual functionality of cytosolic GSTs, they might be implicated in both the development and the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Prominent genetic heterogeneity, resulting from the gene deletions, as well as from SNPs in the coding and non-coding regions of GST genes, might affect GST isoenzyme profiles in renal parenchyma and therefore serve as a valuable indicator for predicting the risk of cancer development. Namely, GSTs are involved in the biotransformation of several compounds recognized as risk factors for RCC. The most potent carcinogen of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol epoxides, present in cigarette smoke, is of benzo(a)pyrene (BPDE), detoxified by GSTs. So far, the relationship between GST genotype and BPDE-DNA adduct formation, in determining the risk for RCC, has not been evaluated in patients with RCC. Although the association between certain individual and combined GST genotypes and RCC risk has been debated in a the literature, the data on the prognostic value of GST polymorphism in patients with RCC are scarce, probably due to the fact that the molecular mechanism supporting the role of GSTs in RCC progression has not been clarified as yet.
Performance Indicators for Online Geography in Secondary Education

There is little consensus about what variables extracted from learner data are the most reliable indicators of learning performance. The aim of this study was to determine those indicators by taking a wide range of variables into consideration concerning overall learning activity and content processing. A Genetic Algorithm was used for the selection process and the variables were evaluated based on their predictive power. Variables extracted from exercise activities turned out to be the most informative.
Displacement-sensitive photonic crystal structures based on guided resonance in photonic crystal slabs

We introduce a mechanically tunable photonic crystal structure consisting of coupled photonic crystal slabs. Using both analytic theory, and first-principles finite-difference time-domain simulations, we demonstrate that a strong variation of transmission and reflection coefficients of light through such structures can be accomplished with only a nanoscale variation of the spacing between the slabs. Moreover, by specifically configuring the photonic crystal structures, high sensitivity can be preserved in spite of significant fabrication-related disorders. We expect such structures to play important roles in micromechanically tunable optical sensors and filters.