Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Probe of Micro Space-Time by the Study of Scalar Fields

Jian-Bo Deng1,∗ Miao-Yi Deng2, Qi-Qi Fan1, and Peng-Zhang He1 1Institute of Theoretical Physics & Research Center of Gravitation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 2School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Abstract In this work, we try to find a way to describe the physical law of micro-world under the frame of a space-time theory. By introducing the scalar fields D (x) and ζ (x), we rewrite the action of conventional field theory and the Lagrangian describing the motion of the particle, where a modified space-time relation is obtained. To test the correctness of this attempt, we demonstrate the Klein-Gordon equation by the Hamilton-Jacobi method in four dimensional form and present a time delay for the ground state of hydrogen atom.
Assessing invasion risk of Didemnum vexillum to Atlantic Canada

Aquatic invasive species are an ongoing economic and ecological problem in Atlantic Canada. To optimize management efforts of high-risk species, we must quantify risk of invasion at scales relevant to management efforts. Here we provide an updated and improved detailed-level risk assessment (DLRA) for Didemnum vexillum that uses new methods and tools to quantify and discriminate risk of invasion to the region. The screening level risk assessment framework CMIST (Canadian Marine Invasive Screening Tool) was used in a novel context to calculate uncertainty-adjusted invasion risk scores for 13 assessment zones in Atlantic Canada. Assessments were informed by 1) environmental niche modelling (MaxENT) to predict areas suitable for establishment; 2) source-based vector analysis to quantify potential for arrival and spread of D. vexillum via highrisk vectors (i.e., commercial vessels, ferries, fishing vessels, and aquaculture transfers); and 3) updated ecological data from the literature. Overall invasion risk, likelihood of invasion, and impact of invasion were highest in Bay of Fundy assessment zones and lowest in the most northern zones (St. Lawrence estuary, northern Gulf and the east coast of Newfoundland). Connectivity with source zones of D. vexillum via both natural (e.g., currents) and anthropogenic vectors (e.g., vessels) is highest in the Bay of Fundy due to proximity to established populations and high levels of vessel traffic. Potential for impacts is highest where vulnerable populations (e.g., scallops) and highly or moderately suitable areas for establishment exist. These areas are in the Minas Basin, Chignecto Bay, southwest New Brunswick, and southwest Nova Scotia with smaller areas in Mahone Bay and offshore on Western Bank and Sable Island Bank. Projections of environmental suitability for 2075 show a northeastward shift, with areas of high suitability retained in the Bay of Fundy and expanding into the Northumberland Strait. To reduce further local spread in the Bay of Fundy, bottom-disturbing activities, such as dredging and trawling where D. vexillum is present, should be addressed. In addition, movement of vessels between source areas and areas of high environmental suitability should be monitored, especially in anomalously warm years when populations are likely to be larger. Targeted monitoring of areas of current and future environmental suitability with high connectivity to source zones of D. vexillum should also be considered to improve early detection of new populations.
Image storage in DNA using Vector Quantization

Rapid technological advances and the increasing use of social media has caused a tremendous increase in the generation of digital data, a fact that imposes nowadays a great challenge for the field of digital data storage due to the shortterm reliability of conventional storage devices. Hard disks, flash, tape or even optical storage have a durability of 5 to 20 years while running data centers also require huge amounts of energy. An alternative to hard drives is the use of DNA, which is life's information-storage material, as a means of digital data storage. Recent works have proven that storing digital data into DNA is not only feasible but also very promising as the DNA's biological properties allow the storage of a great amount of information into an extraordinary small volume for centuries or even longer with no loss of information. In this work we present an extended end-to-end storage workflow specifically designed for the efficient storage of images onto synthetic DNA. This workflow uses a new encoding algorithm which serves the needs of image compression while also being robust to the biological errors which may corrupt the encoding.
Unconstrained Fitting of Non-Central Risk-Neutral Densities Using a Mixture of Normals

1 Statement of the Problem One of the most important problems in calibrating option models (eg, stochasticvolatility, local-volatility, jump-di¤usion, etc) is obtaining a reliable smile surface from the (often noisy and non-contemporaneous) market prices of plainvanilla options. For some models it can be debated whether using ’undoctored’ noisy prices might be better than regularizing the input, but, for some approaches, such as local-volatility models, having a smooth (and di¤erentiable) input smile surface is a must (see the brief discussion below). Many techniques have been proposed to obtain from the observed market prices of plain-vanilla options a smooth volatility surface. A systematic survey would require a full review article in itself. Without attempting to cover the literature systematically, we simply mention Shimko (1994) as a representative example of a . tting procedure directly to prices, Jacquier and Jarrow (1995), Madan, Carr and Chang (1998) and Elliot, Lahaie and Madan (1995) as examples of . tting to transformed prices, Ait-Sahalia (2002) for a direct . tting of the implied volatility curve, Avellaneda (1998) for an application of the minimumentropy methodology, Mirfendereski and Rebonato (2001) for direct modelling of the risk-neutral density. Most of these models fall in either of three categories: smooth interpolation of (possibly transformed) prices, smooth interpolation of implied volatilities, or smooth . tting of risk-neutral densities. We argue that modelling directly the density is the most desirable approach, because a smooth and ’plausible’ density will certainly produce (by integration) smooth and well-behaved price and implied volatility surfaces, but the converse is not true. See, for instance, the discussion in Mirfendereski and Rebonato
Nighttime meridional neutral wind responses to SAPS simulated by the TIEGCM: A universal time effect

The present work uses the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), under geomagnetically disturbed conditions that are closely related to the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), to investigate how the nighttime poleward wind (30°–50° magnetic latitude and 19–22 magnetic local time) responds to subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) that commence at different universal times (UTs). The SAPS effects on the poleward winds show a remarkable UT variation, with weaker magnitudes at 00 and 12 UT than at 06 and 18 UT. The strongest poleward wind emerges when SAPS commence at 06 UT, and the weakest poleward wind develops when SAPS occur at 00 UT. A diagnostic analysis of model results shows that the pressure gradient is more prominent for the developing of the poleward wind at 00 and 12 UT. Meanwhile, the effect of ion drag is important in the modulation of the poleward wind velocity at 06 and 18 UT. This is caused by the misalignment of the geomagnetic and geographic coordinate systems, resulting in a large component of ion drag in the geographically northward (southward) direction due to channel orientation of the SAPS at 06 and 18 UT (00 and 12 UT). The Coriolis force effect induced by westward winds maximizes (minimizes) when SAPS commence at 12 UT (00 UT). The centrifugal force due to the accelerated westward winds shows similar UT variations as the Coriolis force, but with an opposite effect.
Community Pressure and the Spatial Redistribution of Pollution: The Relocation of Toxic-Releasing Facilities

This paper analyzes the effects of community pressure on the relocation of toxic-releasing facilities by using the public disclosure of toxic release information through the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) as a natural experiment. We find that facilities are more likely to relocate from communities with high population density, income, and educational attainment, whereas low wages, rent, and transportation amenities deter relocation. Facilities with emissions below reporting thresholds but expectations of emissions growth are more likely to relocate in anticipation of their inclusion in the TRI. Relocating facilities tend to move into communities with lower population density, income, and educational attainment, and this pattern is stronger for facilities whose scale of operations and emissions grows the most post-relocation. The spatial pattern of facility relocation provides indirect evidence that environmental information disclosure may unintentionally worsen environmental injustice because of differential effects of community pressure.
Effects of clonal integration, nutrients and cadmium on growth of the aquatic macrophyte Pistia stratiotes

Many wetlands are polluted with both nutrients and toxic metals and vegetated largely by clonal plants. We hypothesized that eutrophication and clonal integration can increase phytoremediation of toxic metal pollution by increasing plant growth, even under the stress imposed by toxicity. To test this hypothesis, single ramets of the common, widespread, floating, stoloniferous plant Pistia stratiotes L. , were grown for 42 days at two levels of nutrient availability with and without 0.6 mg L−1 cadmium. Ramets were either severed from their vegetative offspring to prevent clonal integration or left connected, and severed offspring were either removed to eliminate intraclonal competition or left in place. Plants subjected to cadmium addition accumulated almost twice as much dry mass if given the higher nutrient level, due mainly to a doubling of the number of clonal offspring. Severance had little effect on the final mass of the parent plus offspring ramets. Removing offspring following severance had no effect on the final mass of the parental ramet in the presence of added cadmium, but it did increase the final mass of the parent in the absence of cadmium. These results support the hypothesis that eutrophication can increase remediation of toxic metal pollution by aquatic macrophytes but provided no evidence that clonal integration can affect remediation. Species such as P. stratiotes may help remediate co-pollution of wetlands with toxic metals and nutrients, and fragmentation of clones may not affect their remediation capacity.
Corynebacterium Species of the Conjunctiva and Nose: Dominant Species and Species-Related Differences of Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles.

PURPOSE Nondiphtherial Corynebacterium species are normal residents of human skin and mucosa, including the conjunctiva and nose, but can cause conjunctivitis and keratitis. Recently, resistance against various classes of antibiotics has been reported in Corynebacterium. The present study investigated the type of species and antibiotic susceptibilities of the conjunctival and nasal Corynebacterium species. METHODS This study examined 183 strains of Corynebacterium species that were isolated from patients undergoing preoperative examinations for cataract surgery. Species were identified by RNA polymerase β-subunit-encoding gene (rpoB) sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standard method M45. RESULTS Corynebacterium macginleyi was the most predominant species (84%; 46 of 55) in the conjunctiva. The 2 major species in the nasal cavity were Corynebacterium accolens and Corynebacterium propinquum (44% and 31%, respectively), followed by Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum (8%), Corynebacterium jeikeium (7%), and C. macginleyi (3%). In contrast to other nasal Corynebacterium species, only C. macginleyi showed a high susceptibility to macrolides. However, among nonconjunctival Corynebacterium species, C. propinquum, was unique in having a high resistance rate to levofloxacin (29%), comparable with that observed in C. macginleyi (36%). Penicillin G and tobramycin showed good susceptibility in almost all strains. CONCLUSIONS Drug resistance against fluoroquinolones and macrolides was observed in Corynebacterium species, with the antibiotic susceptibility profiles correlating with differences of the species and niche. Nasal and conjunctival Corynebacterium profiles of drug resistance suggest habitat segregation strictly at the species level.
Staff localization strategy and host country nationals’ turnover intention

Abstract Based on signaling theory, this study demonstrates the use of a multilevel framework to examine the effects of two alternative staff localization strategies (embedding and excavating localization) on the turnover intention of host country nationals (HCNs) as well as the mediating roles of perceived career opportunity (PCO) and cynicism. We collected multisource data from 476 HCNs working for 19 foreign firms in China. Data were analyzed using the multilevel structural equation model (MSEM). We find that the embedding localization strategy has a stronger effect on HCNs’ turnover intention as compared to the excavating localization strategy. While both PCO and cynicism significantly mediate the relationships between embedding localization and turnover intention, only PCO mediates the relationship between excavating localization and turnover intention. The implications of our study are discussed with regard to the key findings.
Spatial Patterns of Childhood Obesity Prevalence in Relation to Socioeconomic Factors across England

To examine to what extent spatial inequalities in childhood obesity are attributable to spatial inequalities in socioeconomic characteristics across a country, we aimed to investigate the spatial associations of socioeconomic characteristics and childhood obesity. We first explored spatial patterns of childhood obesity prevalence, and subsequently investigated the spatial associations of socioeconomic factors and childhood obesity prevalence across England by selecting and estimating appropriate spatial regression models. As the data used are geospatial data, we used two newly developed specifications of spatial regression models to investigate the spatial association of socioeconomic factors and childhood obesity prevalence. As a result, among the two newly developed specifications of spatial regression models, the fast random effects specification of eigenvector spatial filtering (FRES-ESF) model appears to outperform the matrix exponential spatial specification of spatial autoregressive (MESS-SAR) model. Empirical results indicate that positive spatial dependence is found to exist in childhood obesity prevalence across England; and that socioeconomic factors are significantly associated with childhood obesity prevalence across England. In England, children living in areas with lower socioeconomic status are at higher risk of obesity. This study suggests effectively reducing spatial inequalities in socioeconomic status will plays a vital role in mitigating spatial inequalities in childhood obesity prevalence.
Methods and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of cruise tourism development

The paper considers cruise tourism as one of the most profitable segments of the tourism market, the effectiveness criterion of which is a set of effects, the most significant of which are economic, social, environmental, resource, and scientific and technical effects. Criteria for assessing the results of the development of cruise tourism are presented, as well as the scope and types of economic efficiency of its functioning. It is proved that one of the most important manifestations of the effectiveness of cruise tourism is a significant social effect, which is expressed in the formation of three fundamental social systems: effective employment system, system to ensure the necessary standard of living and incomes of the population, and a system that provides favourable conditions for work and leisure. Quantitative and qualitative indicators characterizing the social efficiency of cruise tourism are presented.
Mensuração e avaliação de impacto social de empreendimentos sociais

Este trabalho compreende uma revisao integrativa que tem como objetivo identificar metodologias e ferramentas utilizadas para acompanhar, mensurar e avaliar o impacto social de empreendimentos sociais e discutir suas caracteristicas e potenciais de contribuicao. A revisao foi realizada a partir da literatura nacional e internacional, e possibilitou constatar que na maioria dos estudos o foco encontra-se na identificacao de indicadores de resultado. Conclui-se que e necessario discutir a mensuracao de impacto em uma perspectiva de processo e de envolvimento das partes interessadas. Para tanto, deve-se ter o conhecimento do contexto e das necessidades presentes, tendo como foco a comunidade e a sua participacao.
Birth trauma: the mediating effects of perceived support

Many women experience their childbirth as traumatic, and 4-6% of mothers present with postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder. To measure the relationship between obstetric intervention, perceived support in childbirth and mothers' experiences of postnatal trauma, and to identify salient aspects of the birth experience that are considered traumatic. A total of 222 women in their first year postpartum were recruited between October and December 2018 via local mother and baby groups in southwest England (UK) and online social media pages. They completed an online survey regarding their birth experience. Further insight into mother's birth experiences was garnered through free-text responses in the survey. Overall, 29% of mothers experienced a traumatic birth and 15% met full or partial criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Feeling supported mediated the relationship between obstetric intervention and postnatal trauma symptoms. This study reinforces the value of supportive healthcare professionals and the power of a nurturing environment, which can buffer the potentially negative effects of an obstetrically complicated birth on postnatal trauma symptoms.
Longitudinal assessment of illegal leopard skin use in ceremonial regalia and acceptance of faux alternatives among followers of the Shembe Church, South Africa

Despite having protected status, poaching for the illegal trade and traditional use remains a primary threat to leopards (Panthera pardus) across southern Africa. Addressing this threat is challenging, not only because it is difficult to uncover and monitor illicit behavior, but because law enforcement and alternative intervention strategies need to account for cultural and political sensitivities to prove effective and sustainable. With up to 4 million followers in southern Africa, the recently‐established Nazareth Baptist “Shembe” Church represents the principal culturo‐religious use of illegal leopard skins in the world. This longitudinal study used in‐person questionnaires (n = 8,600) and telephone follow‐ups (n = 2,300) with Shembe followers to explore socio‐economic and experiential factors related to the desirability and possession of illegal leopard skins before and after receiving a faux alternative through the Furs for Life (FFL) intervention program. Proportional possession of authentic skins was relatively low among followers who received faux skins (21%), with declines of 7 and 13% in subsequent authentic skin acquisition and desirability, respectively. Logistic regression models revealed that authentic skin possession, both before and after receiving a faux skin, was primarily related to employment status. Desire for authentic skins increased with recipient age, but decreased with improved knowledge of leopard population status since receiving the faux skin. Followers who were dissatisfied with faux skins were likely to express a continued desire for authentic skins. Most followers (95%) were, however, satisfied with the faux alternative, having retained and worn it at gatherings, with little noticeable damage or perceived societal judgment. These results support the FFL intervention as a means of protecting leopards: Although authentic skins were still acquired, demand decreased significantly over 3 years with shifts in perception favoring faux leopard skin alternatives.
Bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.)

Abstract There are about 40 species in the Pleurotus genus, including those with high economic significance, i.e. P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. The fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms are of high nutritional and health-promoting value. In addition, many species belonging to the Pleurotus genus have been used as sources of substances with documented medicinal properties, such as high-molecular weight bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, peptides and proteins) and low-molecular weight compounds (terpenoids, fatty acid esters and polyphenols). The bioactive substances contained in the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus species exhibit immunostimulatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-oxidative properties. Their multidirectional positive influence on the human organism is the result of interaction of bioactive substances. Extracts from individual Pleurotus species can be used for the production of dietary supplements increasing the organism’s immunity. They are also used for the production of cosmetics. They can be added to functional foods as probiotics, or used as natural preservatives or ingredients of special foodstuffs for patients with specific diseases.
Age Unconstrained Photo ID Validation Using Contextual Generative Adversarial Networks﻿

— We propose a solution to handle this problem. We are extending upon the paper where Contextual Generative Adversarial Networks are used to generate a band of aged images from one single image. The images of different age groups will be generated from one single picture but with the same context. We are using the resulting images for face validation as a photo verification system. Our algorithm will use the band of generated images of different age groups and will match it with the current face of the person. If the match score goes beyond a limit, the photo identity will be validated, or else a warning will be triggered. This system will play an important role in places where there’s a need for higher security and better ways of validation.
Endogenous electrical fields and its biological significance

Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics www.pibb. ac.cn ( 1) 云南师范大学生命科学学院，昆明 650500； 2) School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, California 95616, USA) Q64，Q424 早在 18 世纪，意大利生物学家 Galvani 偶然 电 ” 的 存 在 ．1831 年 ， Matteucci 采 用 电 流 计 (galvanometer，以 Galvani 命名)在蛙腿神经和肌肉 作 电 位 的 存 在 ． 随 后 德 国 生 理 学 家 Du Bois Reymond 详细报道了生物电与神经刺激、肌肉收 义，例如：电场直接诱导细胞各种行为．Pan 等 [3] DOI: 10.16476/j.pibb. 2016.0100 (transepithelial potential，TEP)．极化的上皮细胞能 上的 Na + -K + -ATP 酶将阳离子(主要是 Na + )运送至上 皮细胞内侧，将阴离子(主要是 Cl - )运送至上皮细 生物电信号”或“内源性电场(endogenous electrical field)”． Cao 等 研究发现，内源性电场能够诱导高尔基体 极化；Lobikin 等发现电场还能影响胚胎的发育过 转人类间充质干细胞(hMSCs)的分化状态，诱导该 * 国家自然科学基金 - 云南省联合基金(U1132603)，国家重点基础 研究发展计划(2012CB518100)和教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金 Tel: 0871-65943723, E-mail: sanjunzhao@hotmail.com
Smoking as a factor of reduced life expectancy in Russia

Smoking is an important factor of preventable mortality in Russia. According to the author’s calculations, based on international estimates of the relative risks of mortality for smokers and Russian data on smoking prevalence, self-assessment of health and mortality by causes of death, in 2017 the life expectancy of smokers was 5.2-5.3 years lower than that of non-smokers, while healthy life expectancy was 2.6-3.2 years lower.