Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Essence of Cryptocurrencies: Descriptive and Comparative Analysis

The aim of the article is to systematize the views on the concept of cryptocurrency from the literature and among international and national organizations and regulators, to analyze its economic essence and the place in the modern monetary and financial system. The definition and the functions of cryptocurrency are discussed in the framework of descriptive and theoretical analysis. The paper systematized the existing approaches to the concept analysis of cryptocurrency; the place of cryptocurrency in modern economic theory is shown.The article concludes that cryptocurrencies are often determined through the set of basic characteristics. Cryptocurrencies are not money, though they can perform the main function of money — to be a means of payment; they can be a means of making settlements, assets, platforms for concluding smart contracts, a means for crowdfunding. They are not private money in Hayek’s interpretation. Cryptocurrencies can be described in the framework of the models of new monetarism (payment economics).
OPÇÕES DE TRATAMENTO ORTODÔNTICO DA AGENESIA DE INCISIVOS LATERAIS SUPERIORES

A agenesia dentaria, e particularmente a dos incisivos laterais superiores, e uma anomalia dentaria relativamente comum e apresenta um elevado impacto estetico e funcional. O tratamento ortodontico e na maior parte dos casos o tratamento ideal e pode ser realizado com o fechamento ortodontico dos espacos com os caninos substituindo os incisivos laterais ausentes ou com a reabertura dos espacos e posterior reposicao dos incisivos laterais ausentes com a utilizacao de implantes ou proteses. Neste artigo serao discutidas as opcoes de tratamento desta anomalia, suas indicacoes, vantagens e desvantagens. Palavras-chave : Agenesia. Ortodontia. Incisivo Lateral.
Synthesis of Nano-Flakes Ag•ZnO•Activated Carbon Composite from Rice Husk as A Photocatalyst under Solar Light

This study aimed to synthesize Ag•ZnO•Activated carbon (Ag•ZnO•AC ) composite from rice husk for degradation of dyes. The deposition of Ag and ZnO on AC led to decreasing the surface area and pore volume of Ag•ZnO•AC composite. In addition, when Ag and ZnO were dispersed on activated carbon, the Ag•ZnO flakes became denser and tighter, but the particle size of Ag became smaller from 5 to 7 nm. The photocatalytic ability of Ag•ZnO•AC composite was evaluated by degradation of Janus Green B (JGB) and compared with that of AC, ZnO, Ag•ZnO, and ZnO•AC samples. The effects of catalyst dosages, pH values, and initial dye concentrations on photocatalytic degradation were investigated in detail. The Ag•ZnO•AC composite had a high degradation efficiency of 100% in 60 min, showing the reaction rate of 0.120 min-1 and degradation capacity of 17.8 mg/g within 20 min. The photocatalytic performance of the Ag•ZnO•AC composite was also evaluated by cyclic test and the degradation of other persistent dyes such as Methylene Blue, Tartrazine, Congo Red, and organic compounds (Caffeine and Bisphenol A). Based on the experimental results, the possible destruction route of JGB by the as-synthesized Ag•ZnO•AC composite was suggested. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
Foreign Fighters and Transnational Jihad in Syria

ABSTRACT Foreign fighters arrive in Syria from across the Muslim world, yet the configuration of their countries of origin remains a puzzle. Examining alternative explanations for joining transnational jihad, the article draws insights from the cases of Tunisia and Saudi Arabia, two major countries of foreign fighters' origin, compared with Egypt, from where limited figures of volunteers have joined the Syrian war. The article shows that the sources of volunteering fighters may be well understood in combined terms of religious sentiments and national politics. Foreign fighters come largely from Muslim countries where restrained state–Islamists relations channel Islamic grievances to transnational arenas.
A Lagrange–Dual Lower Bound to the Error Exponent of the Typical Random Code

A Lagrange–dual (Gallager–style) lower bound is derived for the error exponent function of the typical random code (TRC) pertaining to the i.i. d. random coding ensemble and mismatched stochastic likelihood decoding. While the original expression, derived from the method of types (the Csiszár–style expression) involves minimization over probability distributions defined on the channel input–output alphabets, the new Lagrange–dual formula involves optimization of five parameters, independently of the alphabet sizes. For both stochastic and deterministic mismatched decoding (including maximum likelihood decoding as a special case), we provide a rather comprehensive discussion on the insight behind the various ingredients of this formula and describe how its behavior varies as the coding rate exhausts the relevant range. Among other things, it is demonstrated that this expression simultaneously generalizes both the expurgated error exponent function (at zero rate) and the classical random coding exponent function at high rates, where it also meets the sphere–packing bound.
Characterization of Households of Marginal and Landless Livestock Farmers in Rural Tamil Nadu

A study was conducted in rural areas of Tamil Nadu to ascertain the characteristics of households of marginal and landless livestock farmers. The investigation was carried out among the households of 100 marginal farmers and 100 landless livestock farmers owning livestock. Majority of the households were male headed in the age group of 40–50 yr belonged to most backward caste category, had nuclear family with the family size of 5–7 members. Further, majority of the respondents and their spouse were illiterate and their primary occupation was agriculture followed by livestock keeping. Most of the respondents had thatched roof type of dwelling with paid electricity supply. Organization memberships of the households were high in self-help groups as compared to co-operatives and political parties. Income generation was the prime purpose of livestock keeping
Migrant and refugee mobilisation in North African host states: Egypt and Morocco in comparison

ABSTRACT Scholarly work on migration to Europe and North America asserts that states adopt liberal migration policies when migrants are able to mobilise and when they are assisted by state and non-state institutions. To what extent does this explanation for mobilisation transfer to the Global South where authoritarian state structures might be in place, thereby constraining certain political behaviours? This paper examines why migrants and refugees have been able to mobilise to a greater extent in Morocco than in Egypt. Drawing primarily on original data from semi-structured interviews, this paper assesses the formal and informal rules that constrain or permit certain political behaviours among non-national populations in each host state. I find that the Moroccan system has been more responsive than the Egyptian state to migrant and refugee mobilisation due primarily to the type of authoritarian governance in place. While both Egypt and Morocco seek to retain control overt opposition, the Moroccan regime since the 1990s has allowed for a degree of openness, permitting visible forms of resistance and ultimately co-opting critics, whereas Egypt – especially since 2013 – has sought to violently eliminate any form of contestation and since 2014 has also sought to limit any associational activities related to human rights promotion. The findings address the question of whether extant explanations for migrant mobilisation and subsequent policy reform travel to the Global South, and also contribute to understandings of whether and how the political mobilisation of migrants and refugees can take place in non-democratic spaces and to what effect.
Assessing the Effects of an STD Educational Intervention on Greek Society College Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Safe Sex Behaviors

This study measured the effectiveness of an evidence-based educational intervention targeting STD prevention in Greek society members attending college and examined relationships between sexual health knowledge, attitudes toward safe sex behaviors, and sexual demographics. One hundred thirty-two Greek society members attending college participated. Instruments measured demographic characteristics, knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and attitudes toward practicing safe sex behaviors at baseline and one week postintervention. There was a significant increase in STD knowledge from baseline (M=13.03, SD=6.5) to one week (M=20.27, SD=4.9) t (131) = -13.53, p = . 000. Fraternity members were more likely to report attitudes toward risky sexual behavior rs(132) = . 323, p = . 000, and as knowledge increased, attitudes became more favorable to safe sex behaviors (pre-STD knowledge and pre-intervention attitudes, r(132) = -. 249, p = . 004; postSTD knowledge and post-intervention attitudes, rs(132) = -. 307, p = . 000). Results support that a brief STD educational intervention can increase STD knowledge and improve attitudes toward safe sexual behaviors.
Short-Baseline High-Precision DGPS for Smart Snow Blower

High-precision positioning is critical for many Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications; however, most existing approaches are too expensive to be used in commercial products. A highly accurate differential global positioning system (DGPS) has not been widely used because of the difficulty in solving integer ambiguities in the single-frequency carrier phase. Multipath interference and receiver noise are the main reasons for limiting the DGPS accuracy and efficiency in solving integer ambiguities. In this article, we propose a combination of anti-multipath antennas and high-performance GPS receivers to effectively mitigate impairments due to multipath propagation and receiver noise. Furthermore, by exploiting more data available from high-performance GPS receivers, we can improve the efficiency of solving carrier-phase integer ambiguities. For applications in a smart snow blower, we installed two GPS receivers with a constant separation between them. The distance between the GPS receivers was used to verify the DGPS results. Furthermore, using the proposed DGPS technology, the smart snow blower can obtain a high-precision orientation estimation, with a standard deviation of 0.299 cm in positioning accuracy and 0.409° in orientation accuracy.
Does diabetes blight work productivity: A cross-sectional investigation on selected Type 2 diabetes participants

Abstract Background: Diabetes is one of the leading global health predicaments of the 21st century. Due to rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes, more and more people become victim to diabetes every year. Many countries spend a chunk of their total health expenditure on diabetes. Thus, the disease is a major challenge for individuals, their families, and the healthcare system. It has become a hurdle to sustainable economic development as it cripples productivity. Methodology: With this background, the daily routine, work place productivity, and accomplishment of goals, both short- and long-term, were assessed for 200 diabetic subjects using a diabetes productivity measure. Results: Since Type 2 diabetes subjects with 1-3 years of disease duration and without any comorbid conditions were selected for this study, 44% indicated that diabetes slightly had an impact on their long-term goal whereas 2% identified that diabetes was a burden and it prohibited them from achieving their long-term goals. Conclusion: Massive education and awareness programs are crucial to improve the diagnosis and management of all types of diabetes and to embed lifestyle changes that will slow the rise in Type 2 diabetes.
Psychogenic Stroke Mimics and Thrombolysis: Ready to Take the Risk?

Stroke is one of the leading cause of disability and death all over the world with a time dependent course and prognosis; during ages different new advances in acute treatment have changed the emergency approach of this cerebrovascular diseases. More rapidly the symptoms are recognized and more prompt thrombolysis treatment may consent vessel recanalization and neurological deficit regression. Early diagnosis is mandatory; unfortunately conditions that can mimic a focal neurological deficit are common in the acute stage. Stroke mimics can account for up to 5% of all acute stroke presentations. Mimics are more frequent in those under 50 years of age, without any particular medical history. The rate of false-positive diagnoses of ischemic stroke labeled “stroke mimic” ranges from 1.3% to 25% in patients not treated with thrombolysis, among all mimics “psychogenic stroke” are increasing in the last decades. In the emergency department is quite difficult to discriminate real stroke from psychogenic stroke mimic but physicians have to decide in a short period which treatment start quickly. Our aim is to review the neurological signs in the rapid short examination in the emergency in order to define stroke mimic from real stroke and the most appropriate approach.
Rebound behaviour of uncoordinated EMS and their impact minimisation

In this paper, the impacts of uncoordinated energy management systems (EMS), with a rebound effect, on a renewable energy-dependent microgrid are discussed and feasible solutions are presented. Two different approaches, i.e. load-based and price-based EMS are modelled which consider PV units, battery energy storage systems (BESS), and electric vehicles (EVs). Taking account of each component's boundary conditions, the load-based approach intelligently charges the EV and BESS from the grid/PV during off-peak hours, and provides a combined discharge response during peak load hours. In the price-based approach, the charging-discharging of BESSs and EVs from/to grid and PV depends on the time-of-use tariff signal. The primary objective of both models is to minimise the customers' peak electricity consumption and the saturation issues of distribution transformers. It is observed that the simultaneous response of the EMS due to the identical behaviour of load or price curves, and the rebound effect after mode switching transition create large power demand spikes. To mitigate its negative consequence, an improved locking and randomisation technique is designed and implemented. Additionally, the impact of the PV power fluctuations on the load-support systems due to fast-moving clouds and their consequences to the behaviour of the EMS response are investigated.
Growing Conditions Affect the Phytochemical Composition of Edible Wall Rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides)

Wall rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides) is a wild vegetable with the potential to become a crop of high antioxidant quality. The main bioactive compounds include ascorbic acid (AA), sinigrin, and a high content of total phenolic compounds (TP). It also accumulates nitrates. Since these compounds are affected by environmental conditions, adequate crop management may enhance its quality. Eleven accessions of wall rocket were evaluated under field and greenhouse conditions during two cycles (winter and spring) and compared to Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia crops. The three species did not differ greatly. As an exception, sinigrin was only identified in wall rocket. For the within-species analysis, the results revealed a high effect of the growing system, but this was low among accessions. The highest contents of AA and TP were obtained under field conditions. In addition, the levels of nitrates were lower in this system. A negative correlation between nitrates and antioxidants was determined. As a counterpart, cultivation in the field–winter environment significantly decreased the percentage of humidity (87%). These results are of relevance for the adaptation of wall rocket to different growing conditions and suggest that the field system enhances its quality. The low genotypic differences suggest that intra-species selections in breeding programs may consider other aspects with greater variation.
Youth, Mobility, and the Emotional Burdens ofyouxue(Travel and Study): A Case Study of Chinese Students in Italy

Based on fieldwork in China and Italy, this article examines the affective dimension of middle-class Chinese students’ youxue (travel and study) practices in Italy. With the liberalization of state policy in China’s self-funded study abroad market and the proliferation of educational intermediaries, youxue has become a special type of educational consumption that caters to the middle-class Chinese family’s desire for transnational mobility and cosmopolitan life styles. The blurring of the line between travel and study points to the open-ended and multi-linear nature of transnational student mobility. However, due to the limitations and pitfalls in international education policies in both the sending and the receiving countries, Chinese students’ youxue experiences in Italy are marked by notable contradictions between mobility and immobility, hopes and frustrations, self-appreciation and self-reproach.
Effects of Yeast Addition to the Diet of Japanese Quails on Growth Performance, Selected Serum Parameters and Intestinal Morphology as well as Pathogens Reduction

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: May 08, 2019 November 03, 2019 November 04, 2019 December 26, 2019 The objectives of the current study were to investigate the impact of dietary yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on growth performance, some serum parameters, intestinal morphology and pathogens reduction in Japanese quails. In total, 300 d-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated to 5 dietary groups (6 replicates of 10 Japanese quails per pen). At beginning of the experiment (d 14), Japanese quails fed a basal diet without contain any yeast while, the other treatments provided basal diet plus 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% yeast on feed basis. The results showed that dietary supplementation of yeast, particularly at a level of inclusion of 3.5% on feed basis, resulted in highest BW for Japanese quails (P<0.05). Japanese quails fed diets supplemented with yeast reduced (P<0.05) cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations in serum compared to control. Dietary yeast supplementation at 3.5% reduced (P<0.05) interleukin 1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum compared to those fed dietary yeast at level of 0.5% or fed non supplemented diets. Feeding yeast at level of 3.5% led to increase in duodenal villus height significantly compared to other treatments. Japanese quails fed yeast supplemented diets at 2.5 or 3.5% reduced E. coli (P<0.05) and C. perfringens CFU counts in excreta than those fed non supplemented diet. It is concluded that dietary yeast supplementation of Japanese quails improved growth rate as a result of an increase in villus height and a reduce in the counts of E. coli and C. perfringens. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reserved
Increased Levels of Perceived Competition Decrease Juvenile Kin-Shoaling Preferences in a Cichlid Fish

Inclusive fitness theory predicts that individuals can increase their indirect fitness by grouping with kin. However, kin grouping also increases competition between kin, which potentially outweighs its benefits. The level of kin competition is contingent on environmental conditions and thus highly variable. Hence, individuals should benefit from plastically adjusting kin discrimination according to the expected level of kin competition. Here, we investigate whether perceived high competition affects juvenile kin-shoaling preferences in the cichlid Pelvicachromis taeniatus. Juveniles were given the choice between two shoals consisting of either kin or nonkin. Levels of perceived competition were manipulated through food limitation in the face of the differential energy expenditure of differently sized fish. The preference to shoal with kin decreased with increasing levels of perceived competition; small food-deprived individuals avoided kin. Shoaling with kin under strong competition may reduce individual indirect fitness. Hence, individuals can likely improve their inclusive fitness by plastically adjusting their kin-grouping preferences.
The Model Builder: A Multi-Fidelity Structural Modeling Tool for Seismic Hazard Analysis

Earthquakes affect millions of people across the earth. Earthquakes cause billions of dollars of damage and hundreds of thousands of deaths per year. For these reasons that seismic resilience is a field of immense concern for government, stakeholders and researchers. As the field of earthquake engineering has advanced, higher levels of analysis have been developed, both in terms of fidelity and complexity, capable of capturing complex non-linear structural response. However, regional assessment frameworks, which estimate structural performance at regional scale, do not commonly use building-level structural modeling to capture structural response. Many of these frameworks instead use a fragility-based approach where seismic intensity measures (such as peak ground acceleration) are related to probabilistic levels of damage. The fragility functions used in this approach are based on the response of structural archetypes such as a steel moment frames or concrete shear walls. Thus, the response and damage estimations generated using these methodologies are not that of the actual structure in question, but rather that of an archetypical representation of the structure. While this approach can roughly predict the dominant characteristics of vulnerable structures subjected to seismic hazards, it is difficult to pinpoint critical deficiencies for immediate retrofit or evacuation and inspection. The objective of this research is to develop a framework to provide building-specific nonlinear response predictions within regional structural simulation. First, existing regional response prediction frameworks for natural disasters and structural analysis are introduced. Next, the opensource finite element analysis software OpenSeesPy is introduced along with the multi-fidelity Model Builder tool capable of rapidly developing building-level structural models using the software. This software uses the OpenSEES framework to create the models, apply ground motions, and assess levels of damage of the structural system. The Model Builder was then validated using several recorded structural response histories. Based on the findings here, the Model Builder can be applied to develop models for regional response simulation.
Assessment of Mitral Regurgitation Severity with Intensity Based Region Growing

The color Doppler echocardiography allows the clinician and researchers to indentify the blood flow patterns, direction, and velocity in case any dis-functioning like valvular and regurgitation stenosis. Jet area is the most used method by the clinicians for MR severity because it is directly propositional to severity of MR. Methods A method is developed for automatic segmentation of jet area and finding the jet area value in numerical terms. Intensity based region growing has been used for segmentation. Before this some preprocessing steps have been applied to make the image suitable for intensity based region growing. Total nine images have been examined taken from the different patients suffering from mitral regurgitation. Results Proposed method finds the two cases are under the moderate MR category and other seven detected as the case of severe MR. in case of clinical point of view three cases are to be found under the moderate and six under the category of sever MR. Conclusions This work is expected to enhance the clinician’s capability in fast determining the extent of severity of mitral regurgitation. The algorithm developed is capable of removing the spurious areas during the process of segmentation.