Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the minimal protease resistant tau unit of the Alzheimer's disease paired helical filament.

The Alzheimer's disease paired helical filament (PHF), after digestion with Pronase, retains its characteristic morphological features. We term this the protease resistant core PHF. A 12 kDa tau fragment can be released from the core as an essentially pure preparation. Sequence analysis of this fragment revealed six distinct N‐termini beginning in the repeat region of tau. The precise C‐terminus is unknown, but the fragment is approximately 100 residues long. A monoclonal antibody, mAb 423, which recognizes the core PHF and the 12 kDa tau fragment, does not recognize normal full‐length tau. We describe cDNA synthesis and expression of candidate 12 kDa tau analogues which permit the mapping of the mAb 423 epitope. mAb 423 recognizes all and only those analogues which terminate at Glu391, which lies beyond the homology repeat region. Addition or removal of a single residue at the C‐terminus abolishes immunoreactivity. Therefore, mAb 423, together with knowledge of the N‐terminus, can be used to measure the precise extent of 12 kDa PHF core tau fragment which we term the minimal protease resistant tau unit of the core PHF. This unit is 93–95 residues long, which is equivalent to three repeats, but is 14–16 residues out of phase with respect to the maximum homology organization of the repeat region. mAb 423 labels isolated PHFs prior to Pronase digestion and intracellular granular and neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease tissues. The constraints which determine endogenous truncation at Glu391 appear to be characteristic of an assembled configuration of tau, either within the PHF or its precursor.
Characterization and Properties of (R, S)-Symmetric, (R, S)-Skew Symmetric, and (R, S)-Conjugate Matrices

Let $R\in \mathbb{C}^{m\times m}$ and $S\in \mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$ be nontrivial involutions; i.e., $R=R^{-1}\ne\pm I_m$ and $S=S^{-1}\ne\pm I_n$. We say that $A\in \mathbb{C}^{m\times n}$ is (R,S)-symmetric ((R,S)-skew symmetric) if RAS=A (RAS=-A). We give an explicit representation of an arbitrary (R,S)-symmetric matrix A in terms of matrices P and Q associated with R and U and V associated with S. If R = R*, then the least squares problem for A can be solved by solving the independent least squares problems for $A_{PU}=P^{*}AU \in \mathbb{C}^{r\times k}$ and $A_{QV}=Q^{*}AV \in \mathbb{C}^{s\times \ell}$, where $r+s=m$ and $k+\ell =n$. If, in addition, either $\rank(A)=n$ or $S^*=S$, then $A^\dagger$ can be expressed in terms of $A_{PU}^\dagger$ and $A_{QV}^\dagger$. If R = R* and S = S*, then a singular value decomposition of A can obtained from singular value decompositions of $A_{PU}$ and $A_{QV}$. Similar results hold for (R,S)-skew symmetric matrices. We say that $A\in\mathbb{C}^{m\times n}$ is R-conjugate if $RAS=\overline R$, where $R\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times m}$ and $S\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$, $R=R^{-1}\ne\pm I_m$, and $S=S^{-1}\ne\pm I_n$. In this case $\Re(A)$ is $(R,S)$-symmetric and $\Im(A)$ is (R,S)-skew symmetric, so our results provide explicit representations for (R,S)-conjugate matrices. If RT= R, then the least squares problem for the complex matrix A reduces to two least squares problems for a real matrix K. If, in addition, either $\rank(A)=n$ or ST = S, then $A^\dagger$ can be obtained from $K^\dagger$. If both RT = R and ST = S, a singular value decomposition of A can be obtained from a singular value decomposition of K.
Full mouth rehabilitation with retrievable metal–ceramic implant‐supported fixed prostheses for a young patient with atrophic jaws: a clinical report

Treatment of atrophic edentulous jaws with implant‐supported fixed prostheses is one of the most complicated challenges in dentistry. This clinical report describes the prosthesis which consists of screw retained frameworks with individual cement retained crowns which combines the advantages of the screw retained restoration with the advantage of cement retained.
An empirical test of the concomitantly variable codon hypothesis

A central assumption of models of molecular evolution, that each site in a sequence evolves independently of all other sites, lacks empirical support. We investigated the extent to which sites evolve codependently in triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), a ubiquitous glycolytic enzyme conserved in both structure and function. Codependencies among sites, or concomitantly variable codons (covarions), are evident from the reduced function and misfolding of hybrid TIM proteins. Although they exist, we find covarions are relatively rare, and closely related proteins are unlikely to have developed them. However, the potential for covarions increases with genetic distance so that highly divergent proteins may have evolved codependencies between many sites. The evolution of covarions undermines a key assumption in phylogenetics and calls into question our ability to disentangle ancient relationships among major taxonomic groups.
Impact of atmospheric correction and image filtering on hyperspectral classification of tree species using support vector machine

Abstract. Hyperspectral images can be used to identify savannah tree species at the landscape scale, which is a key step in measuring biomass and carbon, and tracking changes in species distributions, including invasive species, in these ecosystems. Before automated species mapping can be performed, image processing and atmospheric correction is often performed, which can potentially affect the performance of classification algorithms. We determine how three processing and correction techniques (atmospheric correction, Gaussian filters, and shade/green vegetation filters) affect the prediction accuracy of classification of tree species at pixel level from airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer imagery of longleaf pine savanna in Central Florida, United States. Species classification using fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes (FLAASH) atmospheric correction outperformed ATCOR in the majority of cases. Green vegetation (normalized difference vegetation index) and shade (near-infrared) filters did not increase classification accuracy when applied to large and continuous patches of specific species. Finally, applying a Gaussian filter reduces interband noise and increases species classification accuracy. Using the optimal preprocessing steps, our classification accuracy of six species classes is about 75%.
Density-based Community Detection/Optimization

Modularity-based algorithms used for community detection have been increasing in recent years. Modularity and its application have been generating controversy since some authors argue it is not a metric without disadvantages. It has been shown that algorithms that use modularity to detect communities suffer a resolution limit and, therefore, it is unable to identify small communities in some situations. In this work, we try to apply a density optimization of communities found by the label propagation algorithm and study what happens regarding modularity of optimized results. We introduce a metric we call ADC (Average Density per Community); we use this metric to prove our optimization provides improvements to the community density obtained with benchmark algorithms. Additionally, we provide evidence this optimization might not alter modularity of resulting communities significantly. Additionally, by also using the SSC (Strongly Connected Components) concept we developed a community detection algorithm that we also compare with the label propagation algorithm. These comparisons were executed with several test networks and with different network sizes. The results of the optimization algorithm proved to be interesting. Additionally, the results of the community detection algorithm turned out to be similar to the benchmark algorithm we used.
An improved fuzzy twin support vector machine based on support vector

Twin support vector machine (TWSVM) has faster speed than traditional support vector machine (SVM) for classification problem. However, it ignores the effect of noise samples on the optimal hyperplanes with respect to the classification task. Membership functions of traditional fuzzy twin support vector machine (FTSVM) are mostly designed based on the distance between the samples and the class centers, which decreases the effect of support vectors. In this paper, the new membership function divides the samples into three parts: support vectors, non-support vectors and outliers. An improved fuzzy twin support vector machine (IFTSVM) is proposed based on support vectors. IFTSVM is an improved TWSVM with better classification performance. Experimental results show that IFTSVM is more effective and feasible in classification.
Chapter 2 Current Status of Peritoneal Dialysis

It was in 1923 that Ganter performed the first peritoneal dialysis (PD) in a woman with renal failure [1]. However, the early experience with intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) was discouraging and led to the belief that PD was not an appropriate renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [2]. The introduction of the concept of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) by Popovich et al. in 1976 [3] was initially met with scepticism, but the successful clinical experience in nine patients at two centers in the United States [4, 5] convinced skeptics about the potential of the technique as a viable alternative to hemodialysis. Over the last decades, PD has grown worldwide to become the third most common modality for renal replacement. In this chapter, we will present a brief overview of the major advances in the care of patients undergoing PD.
Towards Automation of Creativity: A Machine Intelligence Approach

This paper demonstrates emergence of computational creativity in the field of music. Different aspects of creativity such as producer, process, product and press are studied and formulated. Different notions of computational creativity such as novelty, quality and typicality of compositions as products are studied and evaluated. We formulate an algorithmic perception on human creativity and propose a prototype that is capable of demonstrating human-level creativity. We then validate the proposed prototype by applying various creativity benchmarks with the results obtained and compare the proposed prototype with the other existing computational creative systems.
RFID passive tag antenna for cork bottle stopper

In this paper we propose a possible design for a RFID tag antenna embedded into cork. The antenna is small and conformal and intended to be used into bottle stoppers for tracking and logging purposes of wine or other beverages. The proposed design is based on a inductive ring and an added resistance in order to modify the current distributions of the antenna. The resulting antenna has a relatively directive radiation pattern and despite the small efficiency it is able to operated with a commercial RFID reader at a reasonable distance.
A Mobile Application for Interactive Exploratory Search of Apparel Products

Many people (especially women) tend to take relatively longer time for shopping, and therefore it is an interesting topic to develop enjoyable user interface for shopping. We discussed how to develop systems for apparel product retrieval inspired by psychology of women's shopping activity in our previous paper, and actually presented an implementation for personal computers. This paper presents a mobile application for apparel product shopping inheriting our previous study. The presented mobile application supports just three single-finger operations: tap, next, and shuffle. It shows pictures of products over and over while learning preferences of users applying interactive genetic algorithm. This paper presents the user interface design and processing flow of the presented application, and introduces our experiments.
Current management of trauma to the pancreas

This review examines pancreatic trauma and its management in the light of recent experience. The incidence, mechanism, classification, diagnosis, treatment and complications of pancreatic trauma are discussed. The difficulty in establishing the diagnosis is addressed and possible solutions are provided. The case for conservative surgery in the absence of pancreatic duct damage is outlined. The importance of draining all pancreatic injuries is emphasized.
Formal veriﬁcation of an implementation of CRT-RSA algorithm

Cryptosystems are highly sensitive to physical attacks, which leads security developers to design more and more complex countermeasures. Nonetheless, no proof of ﬂaw absence has been given for any implementation of these countermeasures. This paper aims to formally verify an implementation of one published countermeasure against fault injection attacks. More precisely, the formal veriﬁcation concerns Vigilant’s CRT-RSA countermeasure which is designed to suﬃciently protect CRT-RSA implementations against fault attacks. The goal is to formally verify whether any possible fault injection threatening the pseudo-code is detected according to a predeﬁned attack model.
Inference of foliar temperature profile of a vineyard using integrated sensors into a motorized vehicle

Inferring foliar temperatures is motivated by the high cost related to measure each plant's temperatures in a vineyard. Foliar temperature is correlated with the plants water potential, which allows farmers to take irrigation decisions. In order to deal with this situation, we utilized information obtained from several temperature infrared sensors integrated into a motor vehicle that runs a vineyard taking measurements at different heights. This data was interpolated with Kriging and IDW methods. These models were evaluated through RMSE (rootmean-square error) and rRMSE (relative root-mean-square error) as performance measures. Main results indicate that the Krigning approach presents a better performance in comparison with IDW. It is possible to see that the sensors located at lower altitudes show less measured error as RMSE. It was also observed that the spatial distribution of errors is homogeneous, with most of these errors less than or equal to the average RMSE. Finally, no significant changes are observed in the model performance when halving the data employed for interpolation. From these assessments, optimum operation conditions for the monitoring equipment were proposed.
Generalized Correlation of Multi-Target Track Data

A general expression based upon a maximum likelihood approach is derived for the optimal association and correlation of observations into tracks. Main features of the approach are the definition of a score function and a unified approach to track initiation, confirmation, gating and deletion logic. Simplifications are made to derive rules for suboptimal sequential processing and this sequential method is shown through simulation to give improved performance wver a more standard approach. Further applications are indicated.
Null placement in a circular antenna array for Passive Coherent Location systems

Passive Coherent Radar (PCL) is heavily constrained by the level of direct signal illumination. This paper investigates null steering techniques for a circular array antenna. An 8-element circular array has been designed and a method is proposed to steer multiple nulls in different directions. We present computed performance for two nulls achieved simultaneously. An 8 element dipole array has been constructed and the VSWR results are presented. This antenna will form the basis of practical null formation measurements.
Analysis of Underfrequency Load Shedding Using a Frequency Gradient

Underfrequency load shedding is one of the most important protection systems, as in many cases it represents the last chance to prevent a system blackout after a serious disturbance occurs in a power system. In order to improve traditional schemes, many efforts have been concentrated on attempts to use the frequency gradient as an indicator for determining the lack of active power in a system. This paper concentrates on analyzing the factors that influence the gradient. Analyses have shown that the gradient can give misleading information about the active-power deficit, as long as certain factors are ignored or assumed to be constant. A draft of a gradient-based underfrequency load-shedding scheme is presented, which also highlights the problems associated with the use of gradient. On the one hand, a frequency gradient alone does not appear to be sufficient for the active-power deficit estimation. Nevertheless, for the actual load-shedding procedure it is found to be very useful.
Fit3D: a web application for highly accurate screening of spatial residue patterns in protein structure data

UNLABELLED The clarification of linkage between protein structure and function is still a demanding process and can be supported by comparison of spatial residue patterns, so-called structural motifs. However, versatile up-to-date resources to search for local structure similarities are rare. We present Fit3D, an easily accessible web application for highly accurate screening of structural motifs in 3D protein data. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The web application is accessible at https://biosciences.hs-mittweida.de/fit3d and program sources of the command line version were released under the terms of GNU GPLv3. Platform-independent binaries and documentations for offline usage are available at https://bitbucket.org/fkaiser/fit3d CONTACT florian.kaiser@hs-mittweida.de SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nonparametric detectors based on m-interval partitioning

A new class of nonparametric detectors based on m - interval partitioning is introduced. It is easier to treat analytically and implement practically than the widely used class of nonparametric detectors based on rank partitioning of the received signal space. In addition, these new detectors are robust or relatively insensitive to the underlying noise distribution. If the quantiles of the noise distribution are known exactly, the structure of the detector is particularly simple. Some general results for an adaptive system, when the quantiles of the noise distribution must be estimated, were also obtained.
QSoas: A Versatile Software for Data Analysis.

Undoubtedly, the most natural way to confirm a model is to quantitatively verify its predictions. However, this is not done systematically, and one of the reasons for that is the lack of appropriate tools for analyzing data, because the existing tools do not implement the required models or they lack the flexibility required to perform data analysis in a reasonable time. We present QSoas, an open-source, cross-platform data analysis program written to overcome these problems. In addition to standard data analysis procedures and full automation using scripts, QSoas features a very powerful data fitting interface with support for arbitrary functions, differential equation and kinetic system integration, and flexible global fits. QSoas is available from http://www.qsoas. org .
Prevalence and risk factors for common vision problems in children: data from the ALSPAC study

Objective: To estimate the distribution and predictors of some common visual problems (strabismus, amblyopia, hypermetropia) within a population-based cohort of children at the age of 7 years. Methods: Children participating in a birth cohort study were examined by orthoptists who carried out cover/uncover, alternate cover, visual acuity and non-cycloplegic refraction tests. Prospectively collected data on potential risk factors were available from the study. Results: Data were available for 7825 seven-year-old children. 2.3% (95% CI 2.0% to 2.7%) had manifest strabismus, 3.6% (95% CI 3.3% to 4.1%) had past/present amblyopia, and 4.8% (95% CI 4.4% to 5.3%) were hypermetropic. Children from the lowest occupational social class background were 1.82 (95% CI 1.03% to 3.23%) times more likely to be hypermetropic than children from the highest social class. Amblyopia (p = 0.089) and convergent strabismus (p = 0.066) also tended to increase as social class decreased. Conclusions: Although strabismus has decreased in the UK, it and amblyopia remain common problems. Children from less advantaged backgrounds were more at risk of hypermetropia and to a lesser extent of amblyopia and convergent strabismus. Children’s eye-care services may need to take account of this socio-economic gradient in prevalence to avoid inequity in access to care.
Evening continuity clinic: preserving primary care education in the face of duty hour limitations?

OBJECTIVE Residency programs with postcall afternoon continuity clinics violate the new Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) limitations on resident duty hours. We evaluated housestaff experience with a pilot intervention that replaced postcall continuity clinics with evening continuity clinics. METHODS We began this pilot program at one continuity clinic site for pediatric residents. Instead of postcall clinics, residents had evening continuity clinic added to a regular clinic day when they were neither postcall nor on call. At 5 and 11 months, we surveyed housestaff satisfaction and experience with the evening clinics, particularly in comparison to postcall clinics. RESULTS Nineteen of 23 pediatric residents participated in the pilot program. Twenty-two and 17 residents completed the 5- and 11-month follow-up surveys, respectively. A significantly greater proportion of residents rated their overall satisfaction with evening clinic as good/outstanding (16/18, 89%) compared with postcall clinic (2/19, 11%) at the 5-month survey (P<.01). Resident preference for evening clinic over postcall clinic persisted but was not statistically significant at 11 months (P =.05), and overall satisfaction with evening clinic was unchanged from the 5- and 11-month surveys (P =.64). All areas of patient care, medical education, and clinic infrastructure were better or equal in evening clinic in comparison to postcall clinic except for continuity of preceptors and access to medical services. CONCLUSION Housestaff had greater satisfaction and a better clinic experience with evening clinic versus postcall clinic. Evening continuity clinic is a viable solution to meeting the ACGME work hour limitations while preserving housestaff primary care education.
Zur geschlechtsspezifischen Intrahaushaltsverteilung von Entscheidungsmacht in Europa

Der Haushalt ist eine "Black Box" in Bezug auf Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse, auf individuelle Praferenzen einzelner Haushaltsmitglieder und auf die Rolle von Geschlecht und Geschlechterverhaltnissen in Entscheidungsprozessen. Bislang gibt es noch keine grosraumige, jedenfalls aber keine uberregionalen Untersuchungen daruber, wie finanzielle Entscheidungen in Haushalten getatigt werden und welche Faktoren die Entscheidungsmacht vor allem von Frauen innerhalb eines Haushaltes beeinflussen. Aufbauend auf einem Uberblick uber die existierende okonomische Literatur zu Intra- Haushaltsentscheidungsfindung verwenden wir die Daten des Sondermoduls der Erhebung EU-SILC 2010, um den Zusammenhang zwischen personlichen Merkmalen, wie Geschlecht, und Entscheidungsmacht bzw. -zustandigkeiten zu untersuchen. Wir konnen fur Europa zeigen, dass Frauen weitaus haufiger fur alltagliche Ausgaben und Ausgaben fur Kinder zustandig sind, wahrend Manner vorrangig die finanziellen Entscheidungen eines Haushalts treffen. Zudem hangt eine grosere Intrahaushalts- Ungleichverteilung von Einkommen oder Bildung mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit zusammen, dass Paare Entscheidungen gemeinsam treffen - ebenso verhalt es sich mit einer Hausfrau im Haushalt. Weitere interessante Muster der Entscheidungsfindung zeigen sich beim Vergleich der europaischen Lander: In Sudeuropa zum Beispiel korrelieren die Unterschiede in der Bildung der Partner nicht so stark mit Entscheidungsmacht wie im Rest Europas. Und in Osteuropa treffen Frauen im Vergleich zu Frauen in anderen Teilen Europas vor allem dann Entscheidungen eher alleine, wenn der Haushalt schwierigeren wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen entgegensieht.