Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
South Dakota Parents’ Knowledge of Congenital Cytomegalovirus, Its Long-Term Health Effects, and Methods for Minimizing Exposure

Congenital CMV (cCMV) is acknowledged as one of the most common causes of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss and an important cause of neurodevelopmental delay in children. Despite the danger cCMV poses, many parents are unaware of the virus, its sequelae, mode of transmission, and preventative behaviors. The purpose of the study was to determine South Dakota parents’ knowledge of cCMV, its sequelae, and ways to minimize exposure. An electronic survey was used for data collection. Parents of children born in South Dakota from 2011 to 2018 were asked about their knowledge of CMV and cCMV, including common sequelae and ways to minimize exposure. Flyers were sent to randomly selected daycares and the link was posted on social media pages to advertise the electronic survey to South Dakota parents. After completing the survey, participants were directed to cCMV educational resources. Respondents were more knowledgeable regarding the sequelae of cCMV rather than its transmission process or ways in which viral exposure can be minimized. Results show that there remains a need for cCMV awareness in South Dakota, particularly with a large focus on preventative measures.
Oxygen vacancy levels and electron transport in Al2O3

The energy levels of the oxygen vacancy in α- and θ-Al2O3 were calculated using the screened exchange hybrid functional, and explain the electron hopping and trapping levels seen in deposited Al2O3 at ∼1.8 eV below its conduction band edge. The vacancy supports five accessible charge states, from 2+ to 2−. Electron hopping corresponds to the 0/− level, which lies 1.8 eV below the conduction band edge in θ-Al2O3. This level lies much deeper than it does HfO2. The +/0 level lies at 2.8 eV above oxide valence band in θ-Al2O3 and thus below the Si valence band top.
Novel techniques for collection of sinking particles in the ocean and determining their settling rates

Three new approaches for collecting and processing sinking particles for biogeochemical studies are presented. They include (1) a modification of our existing indented rotating sphere carousel (IRSC) sediment trap design from its conventional time‐series function to one that collects particles based on discrete particle settling‐velocity ranges; (2) development of a large, free‐floating NetTrap based on the design of a closing plankton net capable of collecting large amounts (~1 g) of very fresh sinking particulate material in short time periods (24–36 h) to facilitate microbial decomposition experiments; and (3) an elutriation system to fractionate particles from the NetTrap into settling‐velocity classes using countercurrents of varying speeds. These approaches were recently tested in the Mediterranean Sea and appear to provide new opportunities to characterize fluxes of carbon and other elements of interest and to investigate mechanisms of sinking.
The Design of “Awkward” Molecules Expected to Yield Multiple Crystal Forms30†

The very simple alicyclic compounds 3,7-dimethylbicyclo[3.3. 0]octane-endo-3,endo-7-diol 3 and 2,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.3. 0]octane-endo-2,endo-6-diol 5 were selected for study in the knowledge that these are awkwardly shaped molecules that are likely to pack in the solid state with some difficulty. The design philosophy behind the choice of these particular test molecules is explained. We expected that these isomeric diols would probably yield more than one crystal form if crystallized from a range of different solvents. Dialcohol 3 was found to give three (benzene clathrate, hemihydrate, and hydrate), and dialcohol 5 to give two (racemic and kryptoracemate/false conglomerate), crystal forms. The X-ray structures of these five very different crystalline solids (formed by two very similar model compounds) are described and contrasted. Our findings demonstrate that awkward molecules can be identified and indicate that the formation of alternative crystal forms is likely to be a comparatively frequent occurrence.
Systemic levels of iron, phosphorus, and total protein in normocyclic versus repeat breeder Holstein Friesian crossbred cows of Kesharbag, Chitwan, Nepal

Background and Aim: In repeat breeding, a sexually mature cow fails to conceive even after three or more consecutive inseminations despite being without any clinically detectable reproductive anomalies. This is a major cause of economic loss in livestock farms, particularly in developing countries, where humans and livestock directly compete for food, and the mineral content of animal feed is rarely checked. This study investigated the association between systemic iron, phosphorus, and total protein and estrous cyclicity in crossbred Holstein Friesian cows. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 10 normal cyclic and 10 repeat breeder cows 12 h after the onset of estrus. Serum was separated, and iron, phosphorus, and total protein were quantified with spectrophotometry, using standard controls for all three measurement parameters (iron, phosphorus, and total protein). Results: Iron and phosphorus levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the repeat breeders group than in the normocyclic group, but no significant differences were found in total protein levels. Conclusion: Repeat breeding is associated with systemic iron and phosphorus levels but is independent of total protein level.
IoT-Enabled Particulate Matter Monitoring and Forecasting Method Based on Cluster Analysis

In recent years, particulate matter (PM) having a diameter smaller than 2.5 $\mu \text{m}$ has become a significant issue due to its severe impact on human health. With the advent of IoT-enabling technologies, a ubiquitous IoT sensing infrastructure is now used to constantly monitor aspects of our surrounding environment, such as ambient air pollution. In this article, we introduce a PM-sensing system composed of off-the-shelf LoRa-based wireless hardware boards and low-cost PM sensors. By leveraging software platforms that are compliant with an IoT standard called oneM2M, PM data sets can be collected and accessed in a standardized manner, i.e., via oneM2M-defined representational state transfer application programmable interfaces. Also, for reliable PM monitoring, a short-term (i.e., within 2 h) PM forecasting method based on autoregressive integrated moving average and vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) models is proposed and evaluated with a 30-day PM data set collected from 15 LoRa-based PM sensor nodes installed at a university campus. The experimental results show that the overall root-mean square error and correlation coefficient of the VARMA models integrated with hierarchical clustering are improved by 7.77% and 3.7%, respectively, compared with the single node-based forecast model.
TWO-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION STUDY OF HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRON TRANSFER : C6F6 ON CU(111)

Photoinduced heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) constitutes the key step in a number of chemical processes, such as solar energy conversion, photocatalysis, and surface photochemistry. We present a general strategy to investigate photoinduced heterogeneous ET using two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy. In this report, we focus on the energetics in photoinduced heterogeneous ET in monolayer and bilayers of hexafluorobenzene on Cu(111). We found that for monolayer C6F6, which likely adsorbs flat on the surface, the ET resonance is not visible in 2PPE spectrum. However, for second-layer C6F6, a strong molecular resonance is observed. Photon energy dependence shows that the shift in electron kinetic energy (ΔEkin) from the molecular resonance scales with Δhν, unlike that from the occupied surface state, which scales with 2Δhν. This provides evidence that the observed molecular resonance results from electron transfer to an unoccupied molecular orbital located at 2.9 eV above the Fermi level (or 1.8 .
Research Trends on Related to Artificial Intelligence for the Visually Impaired : Focused on Domestic and Foreign Research in 1993-2020

본 연구는 시각장애인 대상의 인공지능 관련 연구 동향을 살펴보기 위해 1993년부터 2020년 8월까지 국 내·외 논문 총 68편을 선정하여 연도별 논문 게재 수, 연구방법, 연구주제, 키워드 분석 현황, 연구유형, 구현방 법별 비교·분석하였다. 연구결과, 연구기간 내 논문 편수는 꾸준히 증가하는 것처럼 보였으나 국내 연구의 경 우에는 2016년도 이후에 활발해진 것을 알 수 있었다. 연구방법으로는 국내·외 연구 모두 개발연구가 89.7% 를 차지했고, 키워드는 국내 연구에서는 Visually impaired, Deep learning, Assistive device 순이였으며 국외 연구에서는 Visually impaired, Deep learning, Artificial intelligence 순으로 단어 빈도순에서 차이 를 보였다. 연구유형은 국내·외 모두 설계, 개발, 구현이 대부분을 차지했으며 구현방법으로는 국내 연구의 구 현방법으로는 System 13.2%, Solution 7.4%, App. 4.4% 순이였으며 국외 연구의 구현방법으로는 System 32.4%, App.13.2%, Device 7.4%로 다소 차이를 보였다. 구현방법의 적용 기술로는 국내 연구는 YOLO 2.7%, TTS 2.1%, Tensorflow 2.1% 순이였으며 국외 연구에서는 CNN 8.0%, TTS 5.3%, MS-COCO 4.3% 순으로 사용횟수가 높았다. 본 연구는 시각장애인 대상의 인공지능 관련 연구 동향을 비교·분석하여 국내·외 연구의 현주소를 바로 알고 앞으로 시각장애인을 위한 인공지능 연구의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. ■ 중심어 :∣시각장애인∣인공지능∣머신러닝∣딥 러닝∣연구 동향∣ Abstract
Una revisión de las métricas aplicadas en el procesamiento de imágenes

espanolLa evaluacion de las imagenes, despues del procesamiento, es un paso importante para determinar la calidad de la imagen, que generalmente se evalua utilizando metricas. Este articulo se basa en la presentacion de las metricas para la medicion y validacion de la calidad de imagen. Se realiza un estudio de las diversas metricas cuantitativas para mejorar los cambios en el contraste y la nitidez de imagenes generales, con el objetivo de predecir automaticamente la calidad de imagen percibida. Las metricas de validacion que se presentan son las de compresion de imagen, segmentacion y clasificacion. EnglishEvaluating images, after processing, is an important step in determining image quality, which is generally eval-uated using metrics. This article is based on the presentation of the metrics for the measurement and validation of image quality. A study of various quantitative metrics is conducted to improve changes in overall image sharpness and contrast, with the goal of automatically predicting perceived image quality. The validation met-rics presented are image compression, segmentation, and classification.
Broadband Amplifier Design Technique by Dissipative Matching Networks

This work is focused on the design of broadband amplifiers by exploiting dissipative reciprocal matching networks. Unlike the classical approach, which makes use of lossless reciprocal matching networks, there is no need to trade-off the gain flatness with the input/output matching levels. In this contribution the flat gain condition is obtained partially by exploiting the mismatch loss at a certain section and partially by leveraging on ohmic losses. In particular, two different matching schemes have been analytically studied. Taking advantage of the more promising scheme of the two presented, the design of a linear power amplifier operating over the 4–40 GHz decade, is illustrated. The amplifier showed measured input/output return loss better than 9/10 dB respectively, a gain of 8 ± 0.6 dB and an output power level of 25.5 ± 0.5 dBm at 1 dB compression point. Incidentally, unconditional stability is obtained without considering additional stabilization networks or components devoted to the purpose.
Complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of some lignoids from lauraceae

An array of one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR techniques (APT, DEPT, COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) was used to achieve the structural elucidation of some natural benzofuranoid and hydrofuran neolignans isolated from Licaria chrysophylla, L. armeniaca, L. aurea and Nectandra glabrescens fruits. The combination of homo‐ and heteronuclear NMR data was used to obtain the 1H and 13C chemical shift assignments of these neolignans. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioinspired Visuomotor Feedback in a Multiagent Group/Swarm Context

Practical aerial swarm applications are limited by the need to provide fast, robust feedback. To consider how biological agents incorporate visual feedback in multiagent environments, this study extends a well-developed model of bioinspired visual feedback for individual agent to feedback in multiagent dynamic environments. A multiagent visual model is developed and analyzed for an individual agent operating in a group of other agents. The theoretical model indicates a stable equilibrium trajectory within the neighboring agents. When a minority of agents conducting bioinspired visual feedback are introduced into a planar swarm simulation, results show robustness of agents to perturbations from reference condition. The bioinspired feedback rule is implemented experimentally using ground microbots for two cases identified by a theoretical observability condition. The experimental performance of the single agent in an established swarm is consistent with the theoretical stability and observability predictions. The results indicate insect visuomotor response can help participate in established swarms, and indicate the importance of optic flow input in maintaining group motion.
EFFECT OF FLOODING ON MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN ORGANIC SOILS: CARBON METABOLISM

Changes in the microbial activities during and after flooding of Pahokee muck were examined and compared to variations in soil samples incubated under anaerobic conditions in the laboratory. Overall aerobic metabolism, as measured by 14C-labeled succinate oxidation, in the field decreased approximately 65 percent during the first 10 days of flooding and remained at that level until the field was drained. This compared to an 88 percent decrease in soil incubated anaerobically in the laboratory.Aromatic ring catabolism (salicylate oxidation) was most sensitive to flooded conditions. A 90 percent decrease was detected in the oxidation rate for salicylate during flooding. Catabolic rates of amino acids, glucose, and acetate decreased to a lesser extent. The aerobic and facultative bacterial populations increased approximately threefold during the first 10 days of flooding. These populations then decreased until the field was drained when, again, a threefold increase in the numbers occured. Dehydrogenase activity declined during the first five days of flooding; then it increased continually until the field was drained. At that point, the enzymic activity decreased. These data indicate the decling importance of aerobic carbon metabolism during flooding and suggest an increase in the facultative and anaerobic populations. The complex aromatic ring structures became more resistant to microbial attack during flooding, andt he importance of amino acids and carbohydrates in the carbon metabolism by the micrbial community increased.
Improved Traffic Flow Efficiency During Yellow Interval at Signalized Intersections Using a Smart Countdown System

Inadequate and unnecessary stopping at signalized intersections reduces operational efficiency. The study aims at investigating the effect of a smart advanced warning system on driving behavior and the efficiency of signalized intersections. A green LED dynamic light (G-LED) system (combined system with countdown strategy) is developed and evaluated by means of a driving simulator experiment. The efficiency of the proposed system is compared with a default traffic signal condition with green-yellow-red order (i.e. control condition), and a flashing green (F-green) traffic signal (i.e. order: green-flashing green-yellow-red). Sixty-seven participants holding a valid driving license from Qatar participated in the study. All the participants drove a simulation run replicating the real-world environment of the Corniche road in Doha city (Qatar). Data such as vehicle lateral or longitudinal position, travel speed, acceleration or deceleration, and violation tickets were collected for each participant using the STISIM Drive®Software. Results from a binary logistic regression model showed that the probability of crossing during the change interval significantly increased for the G-LED condition compared to the control condition, while it decreased in the F-green condition. Furthermore, the experiment disclosed that the odds of crossing the intersection (without red-light running) for the proposed smart advanced warning system (G-LED) were 29.67 and 2.58 compared to the F-green and the control conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the time-space and speed analyses revealed that most of the drivers decelerated in the option zone and decided to stop at the intersection equipped with flashing green signal.
Agro Pastoralist’s Perception and Willingness to Participate in Water Harvesting Practices in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

This study was conducted to assess agro pastoralist’s perception and willingness to participate in water harvesting practices that could improve their decision to construct and manage water storage technologies at individual household level or community level in the study area. A total of 192 agro pastoralist’s households were assessed and 92.7% of them were willing to participate in rainwater harvesting practices and the rest 7.3% were not. Of the willing respondents 27.53%, 54.49% and 17.98% preferred clay lined pond, plastic lined pond and aboveground tank water storage technologies. And also the study specified the binary logistic for the participation decision and multinomial logistic for the choice decision model to identify factors that affect participation decision on water harvesting technologies and preference of water storage technologies. Accordingly, estimation of the binary logistic model showed that labor availability, distance to water source, perception towards water harvesting practice, age of respondent and credit services significantly affect the willingness of agro pastoralists to participate in water harvesting technologies. Whereas labour availability, ownership of plot, plot distance and area of particular plot affect the choice decision of agro pastoralists on rain water storage options among alternatives in the study area. It can be concluded that policy makers must give attention on factors affecting perception/participation decision of agro pastoralist’s in water harvesting works and their preference among water storage options, and on gender issues in the planning/implementation of water harvesting activities.
NO formation mechanisms studied by infrared laser absorption in a single low-pressure plasma pulse

The formation of NO molecules during a single plasma pulse in a low-pressure dc discharge is measured using time resolved tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region. The pulse duration ranges from 280 µs to 16 ms and the pulse current ranges from 20 to 80 mA. The gas pressure is 133 Pa. Experimental results show that NO density is about proportional to the product of the pulse current times the pulse duration. NO formation mechanisms are discussed. We show that reaction of oxygen atoms with vibrationally excited nitrogen molecules (N2(X, v > 12) + O) does not impact the NO concentration. Numerical computation of a simplified kinetics taking into account excited metastable state N2(A) for the NO formation shows good agreement.
An Experimental Study on Prevention and Reduction in Fall Frequency in Elderly Population by Cawthorne and Cooksey Exercises

The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of Specific Cawthorne and Cooksey exercises in 60-70-year-old individuals for reduction in the frequency of falls in the specific age group. To observe the effect of the specific exercises on balance and fear of fall, a group of 23 patients (12 in interventional and 11 in control group), age group between 60-70 years old was taken. In conclusion, the Interventional group suggested improvement of balance according to the Berg Balance Scale with the score of mean 41.5 and the control group (was not given any therapeutic intervention) the BBS mean score was 34.5. The result was thus indicative of positive effect of Cawthorne and Cooksey exercises on reduction of frequency of fall and imbalance in the older age group.
An Extended Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison Approach for Smartphone Selection Using Discrimination Measures

The objective of the paper is to introduce a novel approach using the multi-attribute border approximation area comparison (MABAC) approach under intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) to solve the smartphone selection problem with incomplete weights or completely unknown weights. A novel discrimination measure of IFSs is proposed to calculate criteria weights. In view of the fact that the ambiguity is an unavoidable feature of multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems, the proposed approach is an innovative process in the decision-making under uncertain settings. To express the utility and strength of the developed approach for solving problems in the area of MCDM, a smartphone selection problem is demonstrated. To validate the IF-MABAC approach, a comparative discussion is made between the outcomes of the developed and those of the existing methods. The outcomes of analysis demonstrate that the introduced method is well-ordered and effective with the existing ones.
High-Security Image Steganography Technique using XNOR Operation and Fibonacci Algorithm

Since the number of internet users is increasing and sensitive information is exchanging continuously, data security has become a problem. Image steganography is one of the ways to exchange secret data securely using images. However, several issues need to be mitigated, especially in the imperceptibility (security) aspect, which is the process of embedding secret data in the images that can be vulnerable to attacks. This paper focuses on developing a secure method for hiding secret messages in an image, based on the standard Least Significant Bit (LSB). Before proceeding with the embedding stage, the secret message's size is reduced by compression using the Huffman algorithm, followed by two operations, which are the Boolean operation Exclusive-NOR (XNOR) operation and the Fibonacci algorithm when selecting pixels to embed the secret message. As a result of these processes, a stego-image is created with two secret keys. We obtained promising results against standard images with higher Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values of 66.6170, 65.8928, and 65.9386 dB for Lena.bmp, Baboon.bmp, and Pepper.bmp, respectively, as compared to other state-of-the-art schemes. The evaluation stage proves the increasing level of security as well as imperceptibility.
Achievable Rate Region of Energy-Harvesting Based Secure Two-Way Buffer-Aided Relay Networks

This paper considered an energy-harvesting based secure two-way relay (EH-STWR) network, where two users exchanged information with the assistance of one buffer-aided relay that harvested energy from two users. To realize the confidential message exchange between two users in the presence of a potential eavesdropper, a secure bidirectional relaying scheme based on time division broadcast (TDBC) was proposed, where one user sent artificial noise to suppress the eavesdropper and another user transmitted data to the relay. A secure sum-rate maximization problem was formulated subject to average and peak transmit power constraints, data buffer and energy storage causality, and transmission mode constraints. By employing the Lyapunov optimization framework, a security-aware adaptive transmission scheme was proposed to jointly adapt transmission mode selection, power allocation, and security rate allocation according to channel/buffer/energy state information (CSI/BSI/ESI). Analysis results showed that the average achievable secrecy rate region can be significantly improved and there exists an inherent trade-off among transmission delay, requirement of transmit power consumption, and achievable secure sum-rate. Moreover, the channel condition between the energy-constrained relay and the potential eavesdropper is a critical factor on the achievable long-term average secrecy rate performance.