Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tensile test of small lead-free solder joint using permanent magnet

Since solder materials are often used for electric connections in various electric devices, the strength of solders and that of interfaces to the other metallic materials are very important. After the restriction of lead solder usage according to the European Union Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directives, various lead-free solders have been developed and their optimized joining condition is being investigated. The mechanical test of solder joints is one of the best ways to check the joining condition and it gives us useful information to secure the safety of electric devices. From the viewpoint of mechanical testing, it is not easy to handle the solder materials because of their very low deformation resistance and small size. In this paper, a new method of tensile test is proposed using permanent magnet, and the results are discussed. By using the permanent magnet, various non-contact tensile tests are going to be possible. The present paper is a basic study to realize the non-contact tensile tests for micro materials.
Anatomía de los ligamentos del tobillo

treatment of ankle injuries, a major cause of sports injuries. Nonetheless, not many studies have been published compared to ligaments of other joints. Ankle ligaments. In addition to the ligaments of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, two major ligamentous complexes are the main stabilizers of the ankle joint, the lateral collateral ligament constituted by three fascicles of clearly differentia-ted ligaments (anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, and posterior talofibular ligament) and the medial collateral, or deltoid ligament, formed by numerous fascicles or bands that are difficult to differentiate. This diffi-culty has given rise to many anatomic descriptions but, ge-nerally speaking, the ligaments are arrayed fanlike in two planes, superficial and deep, and extend from the tibial malleolus to the tarsal bones. Conclusion. The anatomic nomenclature and anatomic des-cription of the ligaments of the ankle are updated, with spe-cial emphasis on certain anatomic details that are usually either omitted or little known, but have recently been found to be of clinical interest.
Secondary Transform Decoupling of Shifted nonstationary Signal Modulation Components: Application to Photoplethysmography

We present a method for the detection of pertinent signal features masked by other features with similar spectral content but which perturb (but not necessarily periodically) other constituent parts of the signal. This modulation may be a modulation in frequency and/or amplitude of a locus of chosen selected points on a transform surface. A secondary transform is then performed on this derived signal. We apply the method, which we have termed secondary wavelet feature decoupling (SWFD), to the specific problem of decomposition and analysis of signals used in pulse oximetry where perturbations of the ridges in wavelet space associated with the pulse band may be used to detect respiration features. The method has wide application to problematic signals in many other disciplines.
The prevention of cervical cancer in developing nations.

Nearly 85% of the 250000 annual global deaths from cervical cancer occur in developing nations. It remains the third most common cause of cancer death for women worldwide and these statistics have led to a lively academic discussion surrounding the various potential methods for screening and treatment. Current perspective on HPV in women in developing nations is well-captured in the articles that this report references especially in regards to cultural attitudes and women’ s knowledge about HPS’s causative role vaccination plans and screening methods. Various strategies – including HPV testing acetic acid visualization (VIA) and visualization with Lugol’s iodine (VILI) and perhaps the incorporation of digital photography for visualization techniques – all stand as prospective screening options.
Woorden die werken: spraakmakend leiderschap van gemeentesecretarissen

Het afscheid van een gemeentesecretaris. De collega’s van de bestuursdienst die het meest intensief met hem gewerkt hebben, komen het podium op. Ze overhandigen een afscheidscadeau: een woordenboek. Daarin staan alle kenmerkende uitdrukkingen van de gemeentesecretaris, met ook een toelichting over wat daar in normale mensentaal eigenlijk mee bedoeld wordt. Het geschenk wordt aangekondigd als een spiegel van de ziel, maar vooral ook als nuttig instrument voor de mensen die in de toekomst met hem mogen samenwerken. Achter een geslaagde grap gaat hier een diepe waarheid schuil, namelijk hoe in de omgeving van de gemeentesecretaris steeds wordt gezocht naar belang en betekenis van zijn taal en verhaal. Een gebruiksaanwijzing voor ‘Kremlin watching’. Kunnen we in wat hij zegt, ontdekken wat hij eigenlijk bedoelt, en belangrij‐ ker nog: wie hij is en wat dat weer teweeg brengt in de organisatie?
Nutrient Metabolism A Novel Galactooligosaccharide Mixture Increases the Bifidobacterial Population Numbers in a Continuous In Vitro Fermentation System and in the Proximal Colonic Contents of Pigs In Vivo 1

Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that encourage proliferation of selected groups of the colonic microflora, thereby altering the composition toward a more beneficial community. In the present study, the prebiotic potential of a novel galactooligosaccharide (GOS) mixture, produced by the activity of galactosyltransferases from Bifidobacterium bifidum 41171 on lactose, was assessed in vitro and in a parallel continuous randomized pig trial. In situ fluorescent hybridization with 16S rRNA-targeted probes was used to investigate changes in total bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, bacteroides, and Clostridium histolyticum group in response to supplementing the novel GOS mixture. In a 3-stage continuous culture system, the bifidobacterial numbers for the first 2 vessels, which represented the proximal and traverse colon, increased (P 0.05) after the addition of the oligosaccharide mixture. In addition, the oligosaccharide mixture strongly inhibited the attachment of enterohepatic Escherichia coli (P 0.01) and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (P 0.01) to HT29 cells. Addition of the novel mixture at 4% (wt:wt) to a commercial diet increased the density of bifidobacteria (P 0.001) and the acetate concentration (P 0.001), and decreased the pH (P 0.001) compared with the control diet and the control diet supplemented with inulin, suggesting a great prebiotic potential for the novel oligosaccharide mixture. J. Nutr. 135: 1726–1731, 2005.
Woon Kian Chong Media Façades in the Wild : Some Lessons

Media displays in public areas are becoming increasingly pervasive—they are used in many settings, come in different sizes, serve different purposes, and have varied degrees of interactivity. In this paper, we aim to provide a survey of how these displays, often named media façades, are used in the wild in a city in China which is undergoing a rapid growth. This survey is intended to raise greater awareness and discussion about the use and effect of these displays in public areas. Through this survey, we have been able to distill some lessons of what is good, bad, and ugly about some current examples of media displays used in a city that is transitioning into becoming a modern one and one that is located in one of the fastest growing areas in Asia. With this research, we hope that we can provide technology designers and architects with some general principles that can help them integrate these types of technologies into their architectural creations. Keywords—Large displays, media façades, interaction design, architectural displays.
Adaptive Slice Geometry for Hardware-Assisted Volume Rendering

We present an accelerated volume rendering algorithm that efficiently exploits empty regions in the data set to minimize processing time. The volume data, which is stored in the video card, is rendered as a set of view-perpendicular slices through the data set. The new algorithm renders only the nonempty areas of each slice, and does so in a manner that permits classification operations to be performed in less than a third of a second. The algorithm uses "off-the-shelf" commodity graphics hardware and achieves high levels of interactivity in both data manipulation and data classification, a common but usually ignored aspect of volume rendering. The new algorithm was tested with a wide variety of data sets and yielded frame rates between 2.9 and 5.1 times faster than the standard unaccelerated algorithm. The algorithm is very simple to implement and should be attractive to developers of volume rendering software.
The fabrication of highly ordered and visible-light-responsive Fe–C–N-codoped TiO2 nanotubes

A one-step method for the fabrication of Fe–C–N-codoped TiO2 nanotubes by electrochemical anodization is reported. The proposed method is both simple and efficient. The prepared samples were annealed at 550 °C for 3 h. The resulting nanotubes were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, EDX and UV–vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average tube diameter of the nanotubes was 70 nm and wall thickness was 20 nm and the average tube length was 2.4 µm. The doped TiO2 nanotubes exhibited strong absorption in the visible-light region. The maximum photocurrent efficiency measured under solar simulator was 2.7%.
The Wow Factor of e-Health

Some of the latest healthcare buzzwords are e-health, m-health or telemedicine. Is this the latest fad or is there indeed a lasting wow factor? The use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) to support the achievement of health outcomes, namely, e-health has the potential to transform the manner in which health services are delivered. A plethora of applications are emerging though many also quickly disappearing and users are still unsure of the true e-health benefits. In this paper, we discuss the current trends in pervasive e-health with the hope that this endeavor will assist e-health scholars channel and focus their research efforts. Having extensively reviewed extant research, we focus on health education, electronic health records (HER), standardization, and m-health. We present two case vignettes to illustrate key aspects of success.
Practice Patterns in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Survey of the American Rhinologic Society

Background The management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (PCRS) is evolving. Objective To assess current practice patterns of members of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) in managing PCRS. Methods A 27-item Web-based survey on treatment of PCRS was electronically distributed to the ARS membership. Results The survey was completed by 67 members, 40% of whom had completed a rhinology fellowship. The most frequently used medical therapies as part of initial treatment for PCRS were nasal saline solution irrigation, (90%), topical nasal steroids (93%), oral antibiotics (52%), and oral steroids (20%). For initial surgical therapy, 90% performed adenoidectomy; in addition, 31% also performed sinus lavage, 17% performed balloon catheter dilation (BCD), and 17% performed endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Sixty percent performed adenoidectomy before obtaining computed tomography imaging. When initial surgical treatment failed, 85% performed traditional ESS. In patients with pansinusitis, 50% of the respondents performed frontal sinusotomy and 70% performed sphenoidotomy. BCD was not frequently used; overall, 66% never or rarely used it, 20% sometimes used it, 12% usually used it, and 3% always or almost always used BCD. Conclusions Most aspects of PCRS management among ARS members were aligned with published consensus statements. Adenoidectomy was almost always included as part of first-line surgical treatment but was also combined with adjunctive surgical procedures with moderate frequency. ESS was performed by a minority of rhinologists as a primary procedure for medically refractory PCRS but was favored when previous surgery failed. BCD was uncommonly used in PCRS.
ÇEVRE MUHASEBESİ ve ÇEVRESEL MALİYETLER

Ekonomik kalkinma ve buyumenin bir sonucu olarak; hizli nufus artisi, teknolojik gelisme, hizli sanayilesme, asiri hava, su ve toprak kirliligi cevre sorunlarini da beraberinde getirmistir. Cevre sorunlarina karsi cevresel bilincin artmasiyla beraber, cevresel maliyetler ve cevre muhasebesi konularinda onemli gelismeler ortaya cikmistir.
Immunogenicity comparison of a multi‐antigenic peptide bearing V3 sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with TAB9 protein in mice

The multiple antigenic peptide system (MAP) has been proposed as a novel and valuable approach for eliciting antibodies for peptides and developing synthetic vaccines. Multi‐epitope polypeptides (MEP) have also been developed as an alternative to the recombinant approach for vaccines. The V3 loop from the HIV type 1 (HIV‐1) external glycoprotein (gp120) contains the principal neutralization domain (PND). Antibodies against this region neutralize HIV‐1 in vitro and in vivo. In this work, a novel presentation of di‐epitope MAP was synthesized. A monomeric MAP carrying two identical JY1 V3 sequences as B‐cell epitopes and the 830–843 region of tetanus toxoid as a T‐helper cell epitope was synthesized. This basic structure was covalently linked to produce a four‐JY1‐branched homodimer (JY1‐MAP4). Additionally, six different monomeric MAPs, bearing four copies of V3 from isolates LR150, JY1, RF, MN, BRVA and IIIB, were synthesized. These monomers were conveniently linked among themselves to produce homodimeric and heterodimeric MAPs of eight V3 branches (V3‐MAP8). JY1‐MAP8 elicited higher antibody titers in Balb/c mice than JY1‐MAP4. The immunogenicity of two different, hexavalent V3‐MAP8 mixtures and the MEP TAB9, which tandems the same six V3 sequences in a single molecule, were compared. The antibody response against the mixtures of the heterodimeric MAP showed a wider recognition pattern of the V3 region, while the homodimeric cocktail showed an intermediate pattern. Antibodies elicited by TAB9 recognized only the JY1, LR150 peptides. These results emphasize the influence of V3 epitope presentation upon the characteristics of the antibody response generated. Copyright © 2000 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear Energy Harvesting Using Electromagnetic Transduction for Wide Bandwidth

We report the relative performances of monostable and bistable miniaturized electromagnetic energy harvesters (EMEHs) using micromachined fiberglass-epoxy spring structures. Monostable nonlinearity is realized in our device using the specially designed spring arms, whereas bistable nonlinearity is introduced through the interactions between repulsively oriented magnets. For devices of similar size, the monostable electromagnetic harvester generates larger output power compared to the bistable system under the same mechanical input. This is due to the additional damping provided by the strong bistable force, which also restricts the bandwidth widening of the bistable device compared to that of the monostable energy harvester. However, as the bistable force changes the linear stiffness of the system as well, the overall frequency response shifts toward the low-frequency region. Hence, low-frequency, wideband harvesting can be obtained in bistable devices compared to monostable devices of the same mechanical dimensions.
Space charge accumulation and breakdown in LDPE and LDPE/MgO nano-composite under high dc stress at various temperatures

The relationship between space charge accumulation and breakdown at various temperatures is investigated by observing the space charge formation in low density polyethylene (LDPE) and LDPE/MgO nanocomposite material under dc high stress. We have reported, earlier, that, enhancement of electric field in LDPE by packet-like charge under dc stress might be a cause of its electrical breakdown. Furthermore, it has been found that such enhancement does not take place in LDPE/MgO nanocomposite under the same conditions. Therefore, it is believed that the addition of MgO to LDPE results in suppression of charge injection. To understand the effect of temperature, we tried to observe the charge accumulation under high dc stress at various higher temperatures. This is reported in this paper. It is seen that the packet like charge, in LDPE, plays an important role on the electric breakdown at higher temperature. On the other hand, the suppression effect of charge injection by MgO nano filler is still working well even at higher temperatures.
Effect of Age Upon the Spermatogenic and Steroidogenic Elements of Rabbit Testes 1

Summary Spermatozoa and testosterone production by testes of 6, 12, 24, and 36 month old rabbits were quantified. Testosterone secretion decreased significantly with age when testes were perfused with an artificial medium containing exogenous gonadotropic hormones. Total daily sperm production reached a peak at 24 months and declined significantly by 36 months of age. The fact that sperm production increases through 24 months of age indicates that testosterone secretion is adequate to maintain spermatogenesis. The decreased daily sperm production coincident with reduced testosterone secretion by perfused testes between 24 and 36 months is suggestive of a cause effect relationship.
Gain Versus Loss Framing in Adherence-Promoting Communication Targeting Patients With Chronic Diseases: The Moderating Effect of Individual Time Perspective

This study investigated the joint effect of message framing and time perspective in adherence-promoting communication targeting patients with chronic diseases. Based on previous framing and time perspective research, it was hypothesized that the gain frame would show an advantage over the loss frame among future-oriented patients; for present-oriented patients, it was hypothesized that the framing effect would be relatively indistinct. In total, 1,108 currently nonadherent patients with chronic disease participated in an experiment where they were randomly assigned to either gain- or loss-framed messages addressing key beliefs underlying their nonadherence or a no-message control condition. Intention and attitude regarding future adherence as well as message perceptions were measured after message presentation. Results of this study generally supported the hypotheses. Message topics—whether the messages addressed patients' perceived need for medications or concerns about side effects—did not moderate the effect of framing or the interaction between framing and time perspective. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Expansion of CD8+ T cells with regulatory function after interaction with intestinal epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Regulatory T cells play a role in the control of immune responses in the intestinal mucosa and their absence may predispose to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We have previously shown that T cells activated by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are suppressive in function. Our goal was to characterize the phenotype and function of T cells proliferating after interaction with IECs. METHODS Irradiated human IECs, isolated from normal resection specimens, were cultured with carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeled T cells. Flow cytometric analysis of T cells was performed at days 5-10. CD8+ T cells proliferating in culture with IECs were sorted and added to suppressive assays. RESULTS The precursor frequency of T cells proliferating in response to IECs ranged from 0.3%-0.9%. Several subpopulations were shown to proliferate (CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+/CD4+CD25+), but one population (CD8+CD28-CD101+CD103+) appeared to be dependent on contact with the CD8 ligand gp180. After sorting, culture in the presence of interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-15 allowed for the generation of cell lines. IEC-activated CD8+ T cells, but not nonactivated CD8+ T cells, were suppressive in function. Suppression belonged to the CD101+CD103+ subset of IEC-activated CD8+ T cells and appeared to require cell contact. CD8+ lamina propria T cells also showed suppressive function, suggesting the presence of CD8+ regulatory T cells in the mucosa. CONCLUSIONS IECs are able to induce the proliferation of a small fraction of CD8+ peripheral T cells. The CD8+CD28- subset of IEC-activated CD8+ T cells, which express CD101 and CD103, interacts with IECs through gp180 and has regulatory function.
Quantitative electron microscope autoradiography: application of multiple linear regression analysis

A new method for the analysis of high resolution EM autoradiographs is described. It identifies labelled cell organelle profiles in sections on a strictly statistical basis and provides accurate estimates for their radioactivity without the need to make any assumptions about their size, shape and spatial arrangement. The radioactivity in interfacial membranes and transitional junctional regions between pairs of adjoining cell structures can be determined without any additional measurements. The uniformity of internal labelling of large cell organelles can be also assessed. Correcting for cross‐fire does not need any predictive information from a frequency distribution function describing the image spread about a radioactive point source. Instead, the section area is subdivided into regions in such a way that each region with cross‐fired silver grains over it includes also the sites of the radioactive disintegrations that have produced them. The method is based on the quantitative regression relationship between the number of developed silver grains overlying any given region and the size of the cell organelle profiles included. A transparent overlay screen bearing a regular array of circles and a point‐counting procedure are applied to divide the section area into regions and to measure their area and the size of the cell organelle profiles. The least squares method is used for the simple and rapid calculation of specific activity estimates and exact standard errors to be attached to them. A modest computing facility and a standard library program are required. Simulation modelling and analysis of residuals were used to lend support to the validity of the method.
The use of cannabinoids in animals and therapeutic implications for veterinary medicine: a review

This review sets out to comprehensively summarise well known facts concerning properties of cannabinoids, their mechanisms of action, role of cannabinoid receptors and their classification. It outlines the main pharmacological effects of cannabinoids in laboratory rodents and it also discusses examples of possible beneficial use in other animal species (ferrets, cats, dogs, monkeys) that have been reported in the scientific literature. Finally, the article deals with the prospective use of cannabinoids in veterinary medicine.