Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Metacognition With Motivation and Affect in Self-Regulated Learning: The MASRL Model

Metacognition, motivation, and affect are components of self-regulated learning (SRL) that interact. The “metacognitive and affective model of self-regulated learning” (the MASRL model) distinguishes two levels of functioning in SRL, namely, the Person level and the Task × Person level. At the Person level interactions between trait-like characteristics such as cognitive ability, metacognitive knowledge and skills, self-concept, perceptions of control, attitudes, emotions, and motivation in the form of expectancy-value beliefs and achievement goal orientations are hypothesized. These person characteristics guide top-down self-regulation. At the Task × Person level, that is, the level at which SRL events take place, metacognitive experiences, such as feeling of difficulty, and online affective states play a major role in task motivation and bottom-up self-regulation. Reciprocal relations between the two levels of functioning in SRL are also posited. The implications of the MASRL model for research and theory are discussed.
Including and optimizing shape parameters in Doo-Sabin subdivision surfaces for interpolation

This paper considers the problems of how to introduce shape parameters into recursive subdivision schemes for additional shape control and how to find appropriate values of shape parameters to improve the quality of subdivision surface shapes. Following Brunet, we restrict our discussion to the algorithm that constructs a Doo-Sabin subdivision surface to interpolate the vertices of an input polyhedron with arbitrary topology. While Brunet defined one so-called "shape handle" for each vertex of the initial polyhedron, which is used to scale the type-V face obtained after the first step of the subdivision process, we introduce three shape parameters for each vertex: one for the scale and the other two for the orientation of the type-V face. This gives more degrees of freedom to optimize the shape of the result interpolatory surface. We develop a genetic algorithm to compute the optimal set of shape parameters such that a "fairness" measure of the surface is minimized. Examples are provided to demonstrate the effects of the optimal shape parameters on the final interpolatory surfaces.
Irreversible Thiol Oxidation in Carbonic Anhydrase III: Protection by S-Glutathiolation and Detection in Aging Rats

Abstract Proteins with reactive sulfhydryls are central to many important metabolic reactions and also contribute to a variety of signal transduction systems. In this report, we examine the mechanisms of oxidative damage to the two reactive sulfhydryls of carbonic anhydrase III. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxy radicals, or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced irreversibly oxidized forms, primarily cysteine sulfinic acid or cysteic acid, of carbonic anhydrase III if glutathione (GSH) was not present. When GSH was approximately equimolar to protein thiols, irreversible oxidation was prevented. H2O2 and peroxyl radicals both generated Sglutathiolated carbonic anhydrase III via partially oxidized protein sulfhydryl intermediates, while HOCl did not cause Sglutathiolation. Thus, oxidative damage from H2O2 or AAPH was prevented by protein Sglutathiolation, while a direct reaction between GSH and oxidant likely prevents HOClmediated protein damage. In cultured rat hepatocytes, carbonic anhydrase III was rapidly Sglutathiolated by menadione. When hepatocyte glutathione was depleted, menadione instead caused irreversible oxidation. We hypothesized that normal depletion of glutathione in aged animals might also lead to an increase in irreversible oxidation. Indeed, both total protein extracts and carbonic anhydrase III contained significantly more cysteine sulfinic acid in older rats compared to young animals. These experiments show that, in the absence of sufficient GSH, oxidation reactions lead to irreversible protein sulfhydryl damage in purified proteins, cellular systems, and whole animals.
Is Breastfeeding Protective Against Child Obesity?

Recent studies suggest that breastfeeding reduces the risk of child obesity to a moderate extent. Of 11 studies that examined prevalence of overweight in children older than 3 years of age and that had a sample size of ≥ 100 per feeding group, 8 showed a lower risk of overweight in children who had been breastfed, after controlling for potential confounders. The 3 “negative” studies lacked information on the exclusivity of breastfeeding. A dose-response relationship with duration of breastfeeding was observed in some, but not all, of the “positive” studies. Possible mechanisms include learned self-regulation of energy intake, metabolic programming in early life, and residual confounding by parental attributes. If the association is causal, the effect of breastfeeding is probably small compared to other factors that influence child obesity, such as parental overweight. Nonetheless, it may be of public health significance considering the current epidemic of child overweight. J Hum Lact. 19(1):9-18.
Phospholipase A2 in eicosanoid generation.

Phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acyl bond of phospholipids, liberating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids (for a review see Reference 1). Its presence in pancreatic juices and in cobra venom was discovered around the beginning of the twentieth century (for a review see Reference 2). The role of these secreted PLA 2 s in digestion and envenomization has since been well documented. Evidence began to appear in the last several decades that PLA 2 s are also present in most types of cells and that they are involved in many different cellular functions including general lipid metabolism and membrane homeostasis. During this same period the view of phospholipids has also changed. What were once considered the inert building blocks of cellular membranes are now known to be important metabolic entities. Phospholipids and their metabolites are involved in a large number of important cellular control systems. This discovery has elevated PLA 2 s from being simple maintenance enzymes to being important players in such crucial systems as signal transduction and eicosanoid production. Through these systems, the actions of PLA 2 s affect a wide range of human physiological functions and diseases including asthma and allergy, the initiation and maintenance of parturition, blood clotting, atherosclerosis, sepsis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and arthritis and other inflammatory diseases (for a review see Reference 3). The development of PLA 2 inhibitors is being vigorously pursued. A drug that modulates PLA 2 activity would have a large number of potential uses, especially as a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent (for a review see Reference 4). Such an inhibitor could supplement the current armament of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and new cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors being developed to block prostaglandin biosynthesis and the multitude of approaches (for a review see Reference 5) currently being explored for the inhibition of enzymes responsible for leukotriene biosynthesis and leukotriene receptor antagonists as illustrated in Figure 1.
A Ketone Ester Diet Increases Brain Malonyl-CoA and Uncoupling Proteins 4 and 5 while Decreasing Food Intake in the Normal Wistar Rat*

Three groups of male Wistar rats were pair fed NIH-31 diets for 14 days to which were added 30% of calories as corn starch, palm oil, or R-3-hydroxybutyrate-R-1,3-butanediol monoester (3HB-BD ester). On the 14th day, animal brains were removed by freeze-blowing, and brain metabolites measured. Animals fed the ketone ester diet had elevated mean blood ketone bodies of 3.5 mm and lowered plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin. Despite the decreased plasma leptin, feeding the ketone ester diet ad lib decreased voluntary food intake 2-fold for 6 days while brain malonyl-CoA was increased by about 25% in ketone-fed group but not in the palm oil fed group. Unlike the acute effects of ketone body metabolism in the perfused working heart, there was no increased reduction in brain free mitochondrial [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio nor in the free energy of ATP hydrolysis, which was compatible with the observed 1.5-fold increase in brain uncoupling proteins 4 and 5. Feeding ketone ester or palm oil supplemented diets decreased brain l-glutamate by 15–20% and GABA by about 34% supporting the view that fatty acids as well as ketone bodies can be metabolized by the brain.
A RESEARCH INTO THE PRESENT SITUATION AND PLAN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE URBAN PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES' DISPOSITION IN CHINA

The reasonable planning and effective building of urban community public service facilities are the necessary precondition of urban governance.The projects and content of community public service facilities are not fixed,they should meet the growing demand of the residents.At present,China does not have a planning standard of community public service facilities,which can be followed by most urban areas.Therefore,clarifying the conditions of urban community public service facilities' configuration and residents' demand at this stage,and giving reasonable proposals of configuration of urban community public service facilities are crucial to the building of a harmonious society.The urban community service facilities are divided into the life service facilities,the municipal administration facilities and the public service facilities.After reviewing the present condition of the national urban community service facilities' disposition and the inhabitant's demand.It is concluded that China's urban community public service facilities fall short of demand.Referring to the urban community public service facilities design standards in Beijing,Shanghai and Wuhan and considering a variety of factors,we put forward some suggestions to improve the present situation.
The Epidemic State of Tuberculosis and Its Control Strategies in Xinjiang from 1979 to 2000

During the period of 50's to 70's in the 20th century, there was a downward tendency in tuberculosis(TB) prevalence in Xinjiang. The sampling survey result of the 4th national epidemiological investigation during 1979~2000 showed that the prevalence of pulmonary TB, smear positive pulmonary TB and TB mortality in Xinjiang decreased obviously (but all over the national average level). The key to TB control in Xinjiang is to take measures of governmental commitment, financial support, the project of World Bank loan for TB control and scientific management. Current difficulties and problems in TB control in Xinjiang are pointed out, and an approach to the sustainable development of TB control in Xinjiang is made in this paper.
Extensive Characterization of Platelet Gel Releasate from Cord Blood in Regenerative Medicine

Platelet gel derived from peripheral blood is widely applied in many clinical fields of surgery as biomaterial containing growth factors with high proliferative properties. In 2010, we studied and patented a platelet gel derived from cord blood. In this study, due to the crucial role of the factors released by the platelet gel, we first extended the characterization of its releasate. Using a wide proteomic array and splitting the two components of the releasate, that is, platelets and plasma, we have been able to study their growth factor content. Interestingly, we discovered high levels of hormones and molecules able to support tissue growth in the cord blood platelet gel releasate and, in addition, higher concentrations of several angiogenic factors if compared with the peripheral blood counterpart. On the contrary, the latter was much richer in inflammatory factors. The second aim of our work was to study the effects on cell culture, immunophenotype, and function of mesenchymal stem cells exposed to these two platelet gel releasates as substitute for the animal serum. Since our findings nicely show that the use of the peripheral versus the cord blood platelet gel releasate can differently influence the mesenchymal stem cell commitment, we can suggest that in addition to its peculiar angiogenic properties cord blood platelet gel releasate shows excellent proliferative properties as cell culture supplement.
Elective single-embryo transfer versus double-embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization

BACKGROUND The proportion of women who attempt vaginal delivery after prior cesarean delivery has decreased largely because of concern about safety. The absolute and relative risks associated with a trial of labor in women with a history of cesarean delivery, as compared with elective repeated cesarean delivery without labor, are uncertain. METHODS We conducted a prospective four-year observational study of all women with a singleton gestation and a prior cesarean delivery at 19 academic medical centers. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared between women who underwent a trial of labor and women who had an elective repeated cesarean delivery without labor. RESULTS Vaginal delivery was attempted by 17,898 women, and 15,801 women underwent elective repeated cesarean delivery without labor. Symptomatic uterine rupture occurred in 124 women who underwent a trial of labor (0.7 percent). Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurred in no infants whose mothers underwent elective repeated cesarean delivery and in 12 infants born at term whose mothers underwent a trial of labor (P<0.001). Seven of these cases of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy followed uterine rupture (absolute risk, 0.46 per 1000 women at term undergoing a trial of labor), including two neonatal deaths. The rate of endometritis was higher in women undergoing a trial of labor than in women undergoing repeated elective cesarean delivery (2.9 percent vs. 1.8 percent), as was the rate of blood transfusion (1.7 percent vs. 1.0 percent). The frequency of hysterectomy and of maternal death did not differ significantly between groups (0.2 percent vs. 0.3 percent, and 0.02 percent vs. 0.04 percent, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery is associated with a greater perinatal risk than is elective repeated cesarean delivery without labor, although absolute risks are low. This information is relevant for counseling women about their choices after a cesarean section.
Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation with a Multiple Electrode Paddle Lead Is Effective in Treating Intractable Low Back Pain

The objective of this paper is to examine the outcomes of patients with intractable low‐back pain treated with epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) utilizing paddle electrodes and a radio frequency (RF) stimulator. A multicenter prospective study was performed to collect data from patients suffering from chronic low‐back pain. The study was designed to collect data from 60 patients at four centers and examine their outcomes at, or up to two years post implantation. Patients' participation included written responses to a series of preoperative questionnaires that were designed to collect previous surgical history information, leg and low back pain characteristics, and routine demographic information. Outcome measurements included the visual analog scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), and a patient satisfaction rating scale. Data were collected at each site during patient visits or by mail, at approximately six months, 12 months, and 24 months.
Age-dependent accumulation of recombinant cells in the mouse pancreas revealed by in situ fluorescence imaging

Mitotic homologous recombination (HR) is critical for the repair of double-strand breaks, and conditions that stimulate HR are associated with an increased risk of deleterious sequence rearrangements that can promote cancer. Because of the difficulty of assessing HR in mammals, little is known about HR activity in mammalian tissues or about the effects of cancer risk factors on HR in vivo. To study HR in vivo, we have used fluorescent yellow direct repeat mice, in which an HR event at a transgene yields a fluorescent phenotype. Results show that HR is an active pathway in the pancreas throughout life, that HR is induced in vivo by exposure to a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, and that recombinant cells accumulate with age in pancreatic tissue. Furthermore, we developed an in situ imaging approach that reveals an increase in both the frequency and the sizes of isolated recombinant cell clusters with age, indicating that both de novo recombination events and clonal expansion contribute to the accumulation of recombinant cells with age. This work demonstrates that aging and exposure to a cancer chemotherapeutic agent increase the frequency of recombinant cells in the pancreas, and it also provides a rapid method for revealing additional factors that modulate HR and clonal expansion in vivo.
Intravenous and Inhaled Epoprostenol for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension During Pregnancy and Delivery

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary hypertension carries a significant mortality risk during pregnancy and delivery. CASE: A 36-year-old pregnant woman with primary pulmonary hypertension was transferred to us with severe dyspnea. Intravenous epoprostenol was started, titrated, and maintained until labor augmentation. Because systemic epoprostenol treatment can interfere with platelet aggregation, we switched to inhaled epoprostenol, administered under a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved investigational new drug license, before epidural catheter placement. The inhaled drug was continued because it achieved better control of pulmonary hypertension. An uneventful forceps-assisted vaginal delivery was performed, and intravenous epoprostenol was restarted after the delivery. Mother and baby were well 6 months postpartum. CONCLUSION: Intravenous epoprostenol treatment is effective in management of pregnant and postpartum women with primary pulmonary hypertension. Inhaled epoprostenol was effective during the intrapartum and immediate postpartum period.
Relationships of Insulin and Intact and Split Proinsulin to Haemostatic Function in Young Men with and without Coronary Artery Disease

Summary Glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipoproteinaemia and multiple disturbances of haemostatic function are characteristics of young men with premature coronary artery disease. The relations between glucose, insulin and insulin propeptides, in the fasting state, and after an oral glucose load, and haemostatic function were examined in 62 consecutive non-diabetic men with myocardial infarction before the age of 45 and in 41 age-matched healthy men. “True” hyperinsulinaemia, raised plasma concentrations of insulin propeptides, dyslipoproteinaemia, elevated plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII antigen (VIIag) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, and lower antithrombin activity (p <0.05-0.001) characterized the patients. PAI-1 activity was more closely associated with insulin, intact proinsulin and des 31,32proinsulin in patients than in controls, whereas the plasma levels of fibrinogen, activated factor VII (VIIa) and VIIag were stronger correlated with insulin and insulin propeptides in subjects without coronary artery disease. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride was a strong determinant of VIIag and PAI-1 activity levels in both cases and controls, whereas VLDL triglyceride in controls and LDL cholesterol in patients related significantly to the plasma fibrinogen concentration. Thus, our data suggests that plasma insulin and insulin propeptides might be involved in the regulation of plasma fibrinogen concentration, factor VII level and plasma PAI-1 activity. However, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins appear to influence the relationships between insulin, insulin propeptides and haemostatic factors in individuals with premature coronary artery disease.
Meta-Heuristic Based Techniques for FPGA Placement: A Study

A broiler for fast production broiling of meat products with low levels of pollutant emissions incorporates liquid-cooled trough members that are spaced above respective horizontally spaced radiant elements under a grill for directing grease onto a drip pan that is also liquid-cooled. The radiant elements are heated by respective gas burner tubes that have outwardly inclined gas ports that are directed toward sloping sheet portions of the radiant elements, with convective flow being directed upwardly between vertically oriented flue portions and outwardly from the flue portions by horizontally oriented shield elements that are spaced between the radiant elements and the trough members.
Iterative design method of weakly coupled magnetic elements for inductive power transfer

This paper proposes an iterative approach for the design of weakly coupled inductors for Inductive Power Transfer applications. The procedure is based on the Finite Element Method and can be used for several coil geometries and include skin and proximity effects. Considering electrical parameters, the presented algorithms represent self-inductances and mutual inductances in terms of equivalent geometric parameters. Also, Finite Element Method is used to analyze the coil system, with two or more coils, under axial, lateral and angular misalignment prior to the development of prototypes. The iterative method can be used to support the development of wireless power converters for biomedical sensors and implants, electric vehicles recharging systems and chargers for portable devices, with simple and minor modifications.
A New Global Sea Surface Salinity and Density Dataset From Multivariate Observations (1993–2016)

Monitoring sea surface salinity and density variations is crucial to investigate the global water cycle and the ocean dynamics, and to analyse how they are impacted by climate change. Historically, ocean salinity and density have suffered a poor observational coverage, which hindered an accurate assessment of their surface patterns, as well as of associated space and time variability and trends. Different approaches have thus been proposed to extend the information obtained from sparse in situ measurements and provide gap-free fields at regular spatial and temporal resolution, based on the combination of in situ and satellite data. In the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, a daily (weekly sampled) global reprocessed dataset at ¼°x¼° resolution has been produced by modifying a multivariate optimal interpolation technique originally developed within MyOcean project. The algorithm has been applied to in situ salinity/density measurements covering the period from 1993 to 2016, using satellite sea surface temperature differences to constrain the surface patterns. This improved algorithm and the new dataset are described and validated here with holdout approach and independent data.
Modeling the undoped-body symmetric dual-gate MOSFET

A model of the undoped-body symmetric dual-gate MOSFET is presented based on the explicit analytic solution of its surface potential using the Lambert W function. The total channel carrier charge and drain current may be readily obtained from this solution. Results from the proposed solution are compared to exact results numerically calculated by iteration.
Water Solubility in Aluminous Orthopyroxene and the Origin of Earth's Asthenosphere

Plate tectonics is based on the concept of rigid lithosphere plates sliding on a mechanically weak asthenosphere. Many models assume that the weakness of the asthenosphere is related to the presence of small amounts of hydrous melts. However, the mechanism that may cause melting in the asthenosphere is not well understood. We show that the asthenosphere coincides with a zone where the water solubility in mantle minerals has a pronounced minimum. The minimum is due to a sharp decrease of water solubility in aluminous orthopyroxene with depth, whereas the water solubility in olivine continuously increases with pressure. Melting in the asthenosphere may therefore be related not to volatile enrichment but to a minimum in water solubility, which causes excess water to form a hydrous silicate melt.