Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Peers and Family Members on Smoking Habits in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Nowadays, smoking is one of the biggest public health problems worldwide. It is a major cause of disease and mortality that can be prevented early. One out of 10 deaths worldwide is caused by tobacco use. 40 million people died each year due to tobacco. Adoles­cents start smoking in response to social effects, imitating the behavior of friends, family members, and others they admire. This meta-analysis study aimed to analyze the effect of peers and family members who smoked on smoking habits in adolescents. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was conducted by searching for articles from data­bases such as PubMed, SpringerLink, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The key­words were "peers" OR "parenting style" OR "family influence" AND "smoking" AND "beha­vior" AND "adolescents" AND "cross-sectional". The inclusion criteria were full-text articles with a cross-sectional design, English and Indo­nesian languages, students aged 14-24 years as the study subjects. The final results of the study were presented using the adjusted odds ratio (aOR). The articles were analyzed using Revman 5.3 software. Results: 17 articles were analyzed. The results showed that peers and family members increased smoking habits in adolescents; the result was statistically significant with peers (aOR= 2.77; 95% CI= 1.67 to 4.60; p <0.001; I 2 = 96%) and family members (aOR= 1.69; 95% CI= 1.35 to 2.13; p<0.001; I 2 =65%). Conclusion: Peers and family members affects smoking habits in adolescents. It is statistically significant. Keywords: Peers, family members, smoking habits, adolescents, cross-sectional Correspondence: Florida Betty Apriliyani. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: ridhaflorida@gmail.com. Mobile: 0813­29329417. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 05(04): 248-263 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020. 05.04. 03.
Comparison of Conventional and Virtual Reality Box and Blocks Tests in Upper Limb Amputees: A Case-Control Study

Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of virtual reality as an effective teaching tool for motor training. Despite the growing interest in this field, only a few studies have determined the validity of the tasks made in virtual environments to real physical environments. This case-control study compares the score of pick and place activity in the real and virtual environment by using the box and blocks test setup on 4 able-bodied and 4 transradial amputees (2 myoelectric prosthetic users and 2 non-prosthetic users). This study integrates the traditional Box and Blocks Test mechanics into gameplay by using the Leap Motion controller and Oculus Rift headset. The participants were instructed to complete the test in both environments randomly for 10 sessions, with 30 minutes of training in each session. Pearson’s correlation interpretation was conducted to investigate the relation between the test’s score with the training duration, also the score obtained in the real and virtual environment. Independent samples t-test was also carried out to compare the score from the different test environments. All participants showed a greater percentage change of test score in the virtual version and better performance was achieved with increasing training duration. Both environments were positively correlated. However, there was a significant difference in the test score obtained in the real and virtual environment for able-bodied t(9) = 18.19, p < 0.05 and myoelectric prosthetic user t(9) = 4.51, p < 0.05, but not for the non-prosthetic user. This study has demonstrated that two different environments showed significantly comparable results in pick and place tasks by individuals with different abilities.
Fresh-keeping Effect of Pre-harvest Chlorine Dioxide Treatment of ‘Red Fuji’ Apple

The fresh-keeping effect and mechanisms of pre-harvest chlorine dioxide(ClO2) treatment on 'Red Fuji' apple were studied. 'Red Fuji' apples were sprayed with 0,20,50 mg/L and 80 mg/L ClO2 before harvest.Physiological indicators were measured regularly during storage and decay index was counted in the end.Pre-harvest ClO2 treatment could considerably scavenge colonies on fruit surface,inhibit the decrease in fruit hardness and titratable acid content,reduce respiration rate,ethylene release and decay index and increase the activities of POD and PAL,but have no obvious inhibitory effect on fruit weight loss.The appropriate concentration of ClO2 was 50 mg/L,resulting in an obvious fresh-keeping effect and a considerable prolongation of the shelf life.
S-CCCapsule: Pneumonia detection in chest X-ray images using skip-connected convolutions and capsule neural network

The squash function in capsule networks (CapsNets) dynamic routing is less capable of performing discrimination of non-informative capsules which leads to abnormal activation value distribution of capsules. In this paper, we propose vertical squash (VSquash) to improve the original squash by preventing the activation values of capsules in the primary capsule layer to shrink non-informative capsules, promote discriminative capsules and avoid high information sensitivity. Furthermore, a new neural network, (i) skip-connected convolutional capsule (S-CCCapsule), (ii) Integrated skip-connected convolutional capsules (ISCC) and (iii) Ensemble skip-connected convolutional capsules (ESCC) based on CapsNets are presented where the VSquash is applied in the dynamic routing. In order to achieve uniform distribution of coupling coefficient of probabilities between capsules, we use the Sigmoid function rather than Softmax function. Experiments on Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center (GWCMC), Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and Mendeley CXR Pneumonia datasets were performed to validate the effectiveness of our proposed methods. We found that our proposed methods produce better accuracy compared to other methods based on model evaluation metrics such as confusion matrix, sensitivity, specificity and Area under the curve (AUC). Our method for pneumonia detection performs better than practicing radiologists. It minimizes human error and reduces diagnosis time.
TVG-Streaming: Learning User Behaviors for QoE-Optimized 360-Degree Video Streaming

360-degree video streaming shows great potential to revolutionize the streaming market, by providing much better immersive experience than standard video streams. However, its wide adoption is hindered by the surging demand of network bandwidth due to multi-screen video transmission. To reduce the bandwidth cost, one promising approach is to predict a user’s field of view (FoV), and then prefetch video tiles that a user will view a few seconds ahead. The challenge lies in that user behaviors cannot be properly captured with very limited information, especially the viewing time spent on each tile and the FoV switching behavior are hard to predict. In this paper, we propose a novel 360-degree video streaming algorithm called TVG-Streaming to optimize user experiences by learning user view behaviors. Different from previous approaches, our idea is to exploit tile-view graphs (TVGs) generated by real user behaviors and accurately estimate the probability that each tile falls in the FoV. With the tile view probability, we can determine the bitrate of each tile for delivery and buffering with limited bandwidth budget so as to maximize users’ quality of experience (QoE). For evaluation, we conduct extensive experiments using real traces and the results show that our proposed TVG-Streaming algorithm significantly outperforms other algorithms by at least 20% improvement in terms of users’ QoE.
Uma Abordagem Visual para Evolução de Test Smells em Sistemas de Software Java

Resumo. O teste de software é parte do desenvolvimento de software. Durante o teste, podem surgir más escolhas de implementação do código de teste, levando a inserção de Test Smells. A presença de Test Smells em código de teste pode o tornar ineficaz em encontrar bugs, gerando retrabalho e custos adicionais. A manutenção do código de teste ocorre por causa da evolução do código de produção. Para visualizar a evolução de sistemas de software, têm sido utilizadas técnicas de visualização de software. Apesar dessas técnicas contribuírem para visualizar a evolução de sistemas de software, elas não abrangem código de teste para visualização de Test Smells. Dessa forma, no trabalho de mestrado, o objetivo é proporcionar melhor entendimento das ocorrências de Test Smells e sua evolução em código de teste aos Gerentes de Testes/Testadores, para agilizar a identificação de problemas nos casos de testes, melhorando sua qualidade. Para isso, será elaborada uma abordagem para visualizar essa evolução.
Biological Disease of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents

Neurological disorders are medically defined as disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves found throughout the human body and the spinal cord. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms. Examples of symptoms include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness’.
Responses of broiler chicken to different oil levels within constant energy levels from 20 to 40 days of age under hot weather conditions

Abstract In total, 144 Arbour Acres broiler chickens were distributed among four treatment groups (six replicates per treatment; six chickens per replicate) during days 20–40 of age. The chickens were offered iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets containing four dietary oil levels (DOL): 0 (oil non-supplemented diet, control), 2, 4, and 6% in a relatively low-energy diet (12.4 MJ ME/kg diet). During the experimental period, the chickens were reared under natural hot weather conditions (32.5 ± 4 °C, 54 ± 7% relative humidity). Growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein (PCR), metabolisable energy (MECR) ratio, and European production efficiency index (EPEI) were similar among groups fed up to 4% DOL but raising DOL to 6% impaired these traits. Besides, DOL at 6% decreased digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and ash. Furthermore, a 6% DOL showed the lowest digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and ash. Dressing percentage was the highest in 2%, and abdominal fat percentage showed the same trend in 6% DOL, but the gizzard percentage was the lowest in 6% DOL. The liver percentage increased significantly with fat/oil inclusion compared to the control. Meat dry matter and either extract increased considerably due to offering different DOLs, with maximum values at 6%. The inclusion of dietary oils in diets significantly increased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) but decreased serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC)/MDA ratio compared to the 0% DOL. In conclusion, under natural summer conditions, from 20 to 40 days of age, broilers' best productive characteristics were achieved using 0-2% DOL, and the best immune response was obtained for 4–6% DOL. Highlights Hot weather negatively influences the productivity of broilers. Fats/oils are essential for animal and human nutrition for several reasons; however, they are expensive compared to other energy sources. Improving the production index is essential to keep broilers farming profits under hot weather.
The burden and outcome of stroke in young adults in a Tanzanian Tertiary Hospital: A Comparison with older Adults

Background: Stroke burden in young adults is growing and is associated with unique risk factors and devastating outcomes. We aimed at describing the magnitude, risk factors and outcomes of first ever stroke in young adults ≤45 years compared to older adults >45 years. Methods: Participants were patients admitted with World Health Organization clinical criteria for stroke at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale were used to assess for stroke severity and outcomes respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate for survival. Results: We enrolled 369 first ever stroke participants out of 1403 medical admissions over 8 months’ duration. The overall stroke prevalence was 369 (26.3%) and was 123/484 {(25.4%) [95% CI 21.5% - 29.3%]} and 246/919 {(26.8%) [95% CI 23.9% - 29.6%]} for young and old respectively. Hemorrhagic stroke occurred in 47 (42.3%) vs 62 (27.2%) for the young and old respectively p=0.005. Factors associated with stroke in the young were: a new diagnosis of hypertension 33 (26.8%) vs 23 (9.3%) p<0.001, HIV infection 12 (9.8%) vs 7 (2.8%) p=0.005, use of hormonal contraception in females 33 (48.5%) vs 13 (9.4%) p<0.001, elevated serum low density lipoproteins 28 (27.7%) vs 29 (16.4%) p=0.024, hypercholesteremia 34 (31.2%) vs 40 (20.2%), p=0.031, sickle cell disease 11 (9.7%) vs 9 (4.2%) p=0.047 and thrombocytosis 12 (16.9%) vs 8 (5.6%) p=0.007. The median time for seeking health care was 2 days from stroke symptom onset. The overall 30-day fatality rate was 215 (61.3%) and 57 (49.1%) vs 158 (67.2%) in the young and old respectively. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of stroke in young adults that is coupled with a high 30day fatality rate. Screening and treatment of hypertension is key in prevention of stroke in the young.
Assessment of the Relationship Between Gametocyte Density, Multiplicity of Infection and Mosquito Infectivity in Plasmodium Falciparum Infections

Background: Malaria is a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa. Asymptomatic P. falciparum gametocyte carriers are potential infectious reservoirs for sustaining transmission in many malaria endemic regions. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of gametocyte carriage and some of its associated risk factors among asymptomatic schoolchildren (age 5-15 years) in Mbita, western Kenya and further analyse the association between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and mosquito infection prevalence.Methods: Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used to screen for P. falciparum parasite infection among asymptomatic schoolchildren (5-15 years old) residing in Mbita, Western Kenya and the results were further verified using microscopy. Microscopy positive gametocyte carriers were selected to feed laboratory reared An. gambiae s.s. mosquitoes using membrane feeding method. Genomic DNA was extracted from dry blood spots (DBS) samples and P. falciparum populations were genotyped using 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Assessment of the association between MOI and gametocyte density and mosquito infection rates was conducted. Results: The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among the study population was 29.11% (1421/4881). A significantly higher prevalence of P. falciparum infection was found among the male gender 31.54% (764/2422) (p-value < 0.001) compared to the females 26.72% (657/2459). The microscopy gametocyte prevalence among the study population was 2% (84/4881). Children (5-9 years) have a higher risk of gametocyte carriage (Odd Ratios = 2.1 [95% CI = 1.3–3.4], P = 0.002) as compared to those between the ages of 10-15 years. Our results indicate that, about 68.1% of the variation in mosquito infection prevalence is accounted for by the gametocytes density and MOI (R-SQR. = 0.681, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study reports a P. falciparum infection prevalence of 29.11% with a gametocyte prevalence of 2% among the study population as determined by microscopy. Age was a significant risk factor for gametocyte carriage as indicated by the higher risk of gametocyte carriage among the younger children (5-9 years). The gametocyte density and multiplicity of infection statistically significantly predicted mosquito infection prevalence. Both of the variables added significantly to the prediction, (p < 0.05).
Perceived Effects of Integrated Rural Tourism Planning on Communities’ Revenues and Resources Vitality in Makueni County, Kenya

Rural Tourism is regarded as a key economic activity and a conservation tool for rural tourism resources in many developing countries. In Kenya, tourism is concentrated in urban and coastal regions while marginalizing rural destinations with potentials for tourism product development. Failure to involve communities, lack of sectoral coordination as well as in appropriate destination conservation approaches in rural areas such as Makueni impedes tourism economic benefits. Developing an integrated rural tourism development plan is likely to enhance equity in revenue sharing and future resources vitality for the marginalized local communities. This research aimed to investigate the perceived effect of integrated rural tourism planning on communities‘ Revenues and resources vitality in Makueni County. The objective of the study is to determine the perceived effect of integrated rural tourism planning on communities‘ revenues and resources vitality in Makueni County. This study used descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The target population size was 182,000 residents and a representative sample of 385 respondents. Purposive sampling was used to identify the study sites while stratified random sampling was used to pick the respondents. Primary data was acquired through the use of questionnaires which were administered to the host community and the tourism developers in the selected sub- Counties. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Categorical and logistic regression analysis was carried out for all the objectives and significant levels were sought at p ≤ 0.05. The results indicated that Minimizing the misuse of resources (p = 0.01) and consensus on prioritizing beneficiaries (p = 0.04) emerged as the most appropriate ways of achieving equity in revenues Sharing. Building environmental awareness ( p < 0.01), respecting local cultures ( p < 0.01), niche marketing ( p = 0.01) and implementation of the code of conduct ( p < 0.01) were identified as the most appropriate conservation measures of enhancing resources vitality in Makueni County . This indicates that integrated rural tourism planning has a positive implication towards achievement of equity in revenues sharing and enhancement of resources vitality in the County. The study recommends that integrated rural tourism planning should involve coordination of various sectors which will enhance equal representation of all the stakeholders in planning and decision making process and hence contribute to equity in revenue sharing. Destination managers ought to lay out emphasis on sustainable use of the available rural tourism resources through building environmental awareness, respecting local cultures, creation of appropriate, niche marketing and implementation of code of conduct in the protected areas of Makueni County.
Selenium Analysis of Some Polished Rice in China and Effect of Biological Selenium-Enriched Fertilizers on Level and Chemical Constitution of Selenium in Rice Grains

Selenium contents of 52 samples of polished rice from various rice varieties in Jiangsu Province and 30 samples of polished rice from different regions of China were determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and the effect of foliar application of selenium enriched fertilizer on content and constitution of selenium in rice were also studied. Results showed that the mean selenium contents of rice in Jiangsu and some regions of China were 0.025±0.011 mg/kg (ranged from 0.011 mg/kg to 0.055 mg/kg) and 0.035±0.009 mg/kg (ranged from 0.015 mg/kg to 0.056 mg/kg) respectively. Rice in Enshi was found to have the highest rice selenium content at 0.262 mg/kg among all rice samples. Based on cereal food intake recommended by China Nutrition Society, the daily dietary selenium intake from rice for an adult in Jiangsu and others were estimated to be 10.5-17.5 μg and 7.5-12.5 μg respectively, which contributed a very low dietary selenium intake for inhabitants. Selenium contents of rice were significantly increased to 0.471-0.640 mg/kg by foliar application of selenium enriched bio fertilizer with selenite or selenate, and the portion of organo selenium were enhanced from 78.38% in regular rice to 87.11%-89.08% in selenium enriched rice. Selenium content and assimilation of rice could be promoted by selenium foliar application on rice. As rice is staple food in China, selenium enriched rice through bio enrichment with selenium would be a good selenium source for the population in selenium deficient regions.
The relation between online protection regulations and the intention to ‎use e-services/age perspective : A case study from Hungary

: As more regulations to protect privacy and security for online interactions is carrying out, as more complications to perform these transactions is coming forward, affecting the intention to execute these interactions online especially for old people. This study aims to reveal the relation between intention to use high secured e-services with the age of user. This study finds that there is a positive relation between the over-40 years online users’ ages and their retreating from completing online transactions due the complications of security and privacy procedures. Also, the study finds that 85% of people feel more comfortable to execute their transactions online with the high secure regulation, but from another perspective, 60% of persons between 40-55 years old don’t prefer doing their transactions online due to the complication of transaction security procedures, where 92% of people over 65 are avoiding to do financial transaction online and they need another person help to perform it more than 82% of times.