Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical prospects and potential of hausmannite Mn3O4 nanoparticles synthesized through microplasma discharge for supercapacitor applications

The special characteristics of microplasma such as microscale geometry, atmospheric operation, self‐organization property, and high radical density are suitable for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Trimanganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through plasma reduction mechanism by the use of sustainable, rapid, and microplasma array method at atmospheric conditions in a single step. 96.10% reaction yield of hausmannite Mn3O4 NPs were gained by the reduction of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) precursor solution in the presence of radicals in the microplasma discharge with a processing time of 30 minutes. The structure, oxidation state, morphology, composition, and specific surface area of synthesized particles were determined by XRD, FTIR, XPS, FE‐SEM with EDX, HR‐TEM, and BET characterization techniques. Spherical polydisperse particles with high surface area (304.01 m2 g−1) and narrow distribution were obtained. The performance of synthesized Mn3O4 NPs as an electrode material for supercapacitor application was analyzed by electrochemical workstation, which exhibited a high specific capacitance of 144.5 Fg−1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag−1 and the electrode material retained 43.54% of its initial capacitance after 1500 cycles. The asymmetric performance of Mn3O4 NPs as one of the electrode materials exhibited high cyclic stability with 100% retention capacitance with an energy density of 3.33 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 Ag−1 and high power density of 422.5 W kg−1 at 0.5 Ag−1, respectively. The present study gives new perspectives on a simple, efficient, eco‐friendly, and powerful microplasma array method for the coalescence of Mn3O4 NPs and the analysis of electrochemical behavior of corresponding NPs.
Influence of the TiCl4 Treatment on Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. 2. Charge Density, Band Edge Shifts, and Quantification of Recombination Losses at Short Circuit

Chemical bath deposition of TiO2 from TiCl4 is an often used treatment that improves the photocurrent from dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells. In this paper, charge density and kinetic data are used to show that the main effects of this treatment are an 80 mV downward shift in the TiO2 conduction band edge potential and a 20-fold decrease in the electron/electrolyte recombination rate constant. Together, these changes increase the quantum efficiency of charge separation at the interface, thus providing the observed increase in the photocurrent. The reduction in the recombination rate constant allows a greater concentration of electrons to accumulate at Voc, thus offsetting the Voc loss otherwise expected from the conduction band edge shift. Photocurrent transients and charge extraction data are used to show that the TiCl4 treatment has little effect on the transport of electrons at short circuit. The electron/electrolyte recombination rate constant at short circuit has been measured with the CCTPV (Constant .
Chimpanzee identification and social network construction through an online citizen science platform

Abstract Citizen science has grown rapidly in popularity in recent years due to its potential to educate and engage the public while providing a means to address a myriad of scientific questions. However, the rise in popularity of citizen science has also been accompanied by concerns about the quality of data emerging from citizen science research projects. We assessed data quality in the online citizen scientist platform Chimp&See, which hosts camera trap videos of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and other species across Equatorial Africa. In particular, we compared detection and identification of individual chimpanzees by citizen scientists with that of experts with years of experience studying those chimpanzees. We found that citizen scientists typically detected the same number of individual chimpanzees as experts, but assigned far fewer identifications (IDs) to those individuals. Those IDs assigned, however, were nearly always in agreement with the IDs provided by experts. We applied the data sets of citizen scientists and experts by constructing social networks from each. We found that both social networks were relatively robust and shared a similar structure, as well as having positively correlated individual network positions. Our findings demonstrate that, although citizen scientists produced a smaller data set based on fewer confirmed IDs, the data strongly reflect expert classifications and can be used for meaningful assessments of group structure and dynamics. This approach expands opportunities for social research and conservation monitoring in great apes and many other individually identifiable species.
To Teach and Delight: The Varieties of Learning From Fiction

It is well known that people who read fiction have many reasons for doing so. But perhaps one of the most understudied reasons people have for reading fiction is their belief that reading will result in their acquisition of certain forms of knowledge or skill. Such expectations have long been fostered by literary theorists, critics, authors, and readers who have asserted that reading may indeed be among the best ways to learn particular forms of knowledge. Modern psychological research has borne out many of these claims. For example, readers of fiction learn cognitive skills such as mentalizing or theory of mind. Reading fiction is also associated with greater empathic skills, especially among avid or lifelong readers. For readers who are emotionally transported into the fictional world they are reading about, powerful emotional truths are often discovered that may subsequently help readers build, or change, their identities. Fiction readers acquire factual information about places or people they may not have any other access to. But reading fiction also presents opportunities to acquire inaccurate factual information that may diminish access to previously learned accurate information. If readers are provided with inaccurate information that is encoded, they have opportunities to make faulty inferences, whose invalidity the reader is often incapable of detecting. Readers of fiction use schematic world knowledge to navigate fictional texts. But if the border between fiction and reality becomes blurred, as might be the case of avid readers of fiction, there is a risk that they may export schematic knowledge from the world of fiction to the everyday world, where it may not be applicable. These and other findings suggest that the varieties of learning from fiction form a complex, nuanced pattern deserving of greater attention by researchers.
Absolute calibration method for frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) cloud radars based on corner reflectors

Abstract. This article presents a new cloud radar calibration methodology using solid reference reflectors mounted on masts, developed during two field experiments held in 2018 and 2019 at the Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique (SIRTA) atmospheric observatory, located in Palaiseau, France, in the framework of the Aerosol Clouds Trace gases Research InfraStructure version 2 (ACTRIS-2) research and innovation program. The experimental setup includes 10 and 20 cm triangular trihedral targets installed at the top of 10 and 20 m masts, respectively. The 10 cm target is mounted on a pan-tilt motor at the top of the 10 m mast to precisely align its boresight with the radar beam. Sources of calibration bias and uncertainty are identified and quantified. Specifically, this work assesses the impact of receiver compression, temperature variations inside the radar, frequency-dependent losses in the receiver's intermediate frequency (IF), clutter and experimental setup misalignment. Setup misalignment is a source of bias, previously undocumented in the literature, that can have an impact of the order of tenths of a decibel in calibration retrievals of W-band radars. A detailed analysis enabled the quantification of the importance of each uncertainty source to the final cloud radar calibration uncertainty. The dominant uncertainty source comes from the uncharacterized reference target which reached 2 dB. Additionally, the analysis revealed that our 20 m mast setup with an approximate alignment approach is preferred to the 10 m mast setup with the motor-driven alignment system. The calibration uncertainty associated with signal-to-clutter ratio of the former is 10 times smaller than for the latter. Following the proposed methodology, it is possible to reduce the added contribution from all uncertainty terms, excluding the target characterization, down to 0.4 dB. Therefore, this procedure should enable the achievement of calibration uncertainties under 1 dB when characterized reflectors are available. Cloud radar calibration results are found to be repeatable when comparing results from a total of 18 independent tests. Once calibrated, the cloud radar provides valid reflectivity values when sampling midtropospheric clouds. Thus, we conclude that the method is repeatable and robust, and that the uncertainties are precisely characterized. The method can be implemented under different configurations as long as the proposed principles are respected. It could be extended to reference reflectors held by other lifting devices such as tethered balloons or unmanned aerial vehicles.
Adhesion and Degradation of Organic and Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Light-Emitting Devices

This paper presents the results of a combined analytical, computational and experimental study of adhesion and degradation of Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLEDs). The adhesion between layers that are relevant to OLEDs is studied using force microscopy during Atomic Force Microscopy. The interfacial failure mechanisms associated with blister formation in OLEDs and the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles (into active regions) are then elucidated using a combination of fracture mechanics/finite element modeling and experiments. The blisters observed in the models are shown to be consistent with the results from adhesion and interfacial fracture mechanics models. The implications of the work are discussed for the future design of OLED structures with improved lifetimes and robustness.
A systematic review of charging infrastructure location problem for electric vehicles

ABSTRACT With the evolving demand for sustainable mobility, adequate charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) has been growing steadily and wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has been seen as an efficient alternative for EV charging while maintaining seamless traffic flow. This paper reviews the modelling challenges in terms of both static (plug-in) charging (SC) and wireless charging (WC) facilities in a transportation network in terms of system integration, focusing on the evolution of the WPT technology. The first part of the paper provides an overview of all the major progress and achievements made by different research organisations in the area of WPT technology for EV charging. These technologies are ranked based on two indices, namely technological readiness level and system readiness level. The optimal location of WC facilities comes with more design and operational issues than conventional static charging facilities. However, they are similar in terms of the infrastructure modelling approach to locate these charging facilities, as the overall goal is to maximise the network flow and minimise the overall system cost. The second part of the paper assesses different modelling approaches used to analyse the network and locate the charging infrastructure for static and WC facilities. The economic feasibility of the technology is an important consideration for successful system integration as well as the overall performance of the system. As such, this paper also provides a synopsis of different socio-economic studies related to the WC infrastructure allocation problem. Finally, future research directions in this field are discussed based on the knowledge gaps identified from the existing literature.
Trust, Disconnection, Minimizing risk and Apathy

This paper investigates how audiences are coping with digital platforms in their everyday lives. Empirically grounded in focus groups carried out in Denmark with a total of 34 participants of different ages and educational backgrounds, we present the results of an analysis of audiences’ coping tactics in relation to tracking data, collecting data and mining data. Based on the analysis, we find four overall tactics: coping by absence, coping by trust, coping by minimizing risk and coping by apathy. We argue that these different coping tactics are employed differently depending on the context of the digital routines, the data collected (sensitive vs. non-sensitive data), and the dependence of the platform (private vs. public, national vs. international platforms and apps). These contextual factors are presented in an analytical model—a coping compass—for studying individual users’ coping tactics in their datafied everyday lives.
Monoenergetic source of kilodalton ions from Taylor cones of ionic liquids

The ionic liquid ion sources (ILISs) recently introduced by Lozano and Martinez Sanchez [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 282, 415 (2005)], based on electrochemically etched tungsten tips as emitters for Taylor cones of ionic liquids (ILs), have been tested with ionic liquids [A+B−] of increasing molecular weight and viscosity. These ILs have electrical conductivities well below 1S∕m and were previously thought to be unsuitable to operate in the purely ionic regime because their Taylor cones produce mostly charged drops from conventional capillary tube sources. Strikingly, all the ILs tried on ILIS form charged beams composed exclusively of small ions and cluster ions A+(AB)n or B−(AB)n, with abundances generally peaking at n=1. Particularly interesting are the positive and negative ion beams produced from the room temperature molten salts 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate (C5MI–(C2F5)3PF3) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethyl) sulfonylimide (EMI–(C2F5SO3)2N).
The Mediating Effects of Community Support For Sustainable Tourism, Community Attachment, Involvement, and Environmental Attitudes

Community attachment is a key factor for both the perceptions and the attitudes of residents including the tourism activities within it. Besides, residents’ participation in the tourism development process influences their support for the development of tourism activities. Finally, the environmental attitudes of residents are essential for the sustainability of natural resources. A total of 722 structured questionnaires to residents of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros gathered information about community attachment, environmental activity, support for tourism, perceptions, and involvement toward the natural resources of the Yaque del Norte River (the longest of the Dominican Republic). The results, using partial least squares, showed the relevant relations between the variables researched and offer a new framework on which to reflect, for the assessment of the relations between community attachment and support for sustainable tourism, together with the involvement and the attitudes of the community.
TEKNOLOJİ KABUL MODELİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN BAĞIMSIZ DENETÇİLERİN BİLGİSAYAR DESTEKLİ DENETİM PROGRAMLARINI KULLANIMA İLİŞKİN TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARININ POTANSIYEL FAYDA BEKLENTİSİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

JEL Kodları: M41, M42 Bilgi teknolojileri programcıları tarafından geliştirilen bilgisayar destekli denetim programları (BDDP) ve yöntemlerinin, denetim faaliyetlerinde daha fazla kullanılması kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Bu araştırma, bir taraftan bağımsız denetçilerin kullandıkları bilgisayar destekli denetim programlarını kullanma eğiliminin neler olduğunu araştırırken diğer yanda da (BDDP)’dan beklenen kullanım faydalarının gerçekleşip gerçekleşmeme düzeyini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amaçla, literatürde teknoloji uygulamalarından beklenen faydayı ölçmede öne çıkan Teknoloji Kabul Modeli (TKM) kullanılmıştır. Modelimizde (BDDP)’nın denetçiler tarafından kullanım düzeyini test etmek üzere; iki bağımsız, iki ara ve bir bağımlı değişken hazırlanarak aralarındaki ilişkiyi ölçmek için ölçekler kullanılmıştır. Modelimizdeki değişkenler arası ilişkileri ölçmek için Türkiye’nin yedi ayrı büyük ilinde faaliyet gösteren bağımsız denetçilerle görüşülerek anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Modelleri ölçmek için araştırmaya dayalı test yöntemi, research-based view (RBV) uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; denetçinin performans beklentisinin, elde edeceği potansiyel faydası üzerinde anlamlı pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. TKM kapsamında; program kullanımında algılanan fayda ile kullanıma yönelik niyet ve davranış üzerinde olumlu bir ilişki vardır.
A new route to 1-oxygenated carbazoles. Synthesis of the carbazole alkaloids murrayafoline-A and murrayaquinone-A

1-Oxygenated carbazoles are prepared in 4 steps from indole-2-carboxylates by condensation with γ-butyrolactones to give the lactones (12), followed by hydrolysis with concomitant decarboxylation to the alcohols (13), and oxidation to the aldehydes (14). The aldehydes (14) cyclise to 1-methoxycarbazoles on treatment with boron trifluoride–methanol or with methanolic hydrogen chloride. The methoxycarbazoles (15a) and (4) were converted into the corresponding carbazolequinones (18) and (7) by demethylation, and oxidation. The carbazole alkaloids murrayafoline-A (4) and murrayaquinone-A (7) were prepared.
Integration of health care in Euskadi: qualitative research and diagnosis of the implementation process of Osakidetza-Basque Health System

This article analyzes the health care integration process implemented in the Basque Country (Spain) within its public health system (Osakidetza – an international benchmark), as well as the perception of people leading it. The integration process is necessary in the current context and it proposes to intervene with a broad vision on the health of citizens, which requires rejecting a limited vision of health in favor of a coordinated and transversal work of the health system with other public administrations and social agents. The new model aims to move towards a proactive and much more patient-centered system and implies a significant change in its structures and care tools. A qualitative methodology applied consists on a case study based on in-depth interviews. The research enables to identify its strengths and to detect the key elements to improve. Among these factors, we can identify the Integrated Sanitary Organization (ISO), the integrated information and ICT systems, the new roles of nurses, the program contract, as well as the changes addressed to the empowerment of the patient and to the coordination among professionals as well as among the community and social ambit.
An exploration of how teachers’ attitudes to global learning can be used to inform primary science education

This article contends that in England, where the status of science as a core subject has been weakened due to a focus on high-stakes accountability testing, a global learning approach reignites science as a subject that can nurture active global citizens. It argues that teacher knowledge and teachers’ personal and professional commitment to global issues can inform a more relevant and purposeful primary science education, empowering both them and those they teach to become agents of change. It suggests that by exploring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their relation to the primary science curriculum in England, as well as developing a series of pedagogical strategies in line with global learning, teaching and learning in primary science can become more engaging and purposeful beyond fulfilling an assessment framework. A mixed-methods research design was used to explore and inform the Global Learning in Primary Science (GLPS) project. The findings suggest that while practitioners shared a positive attitude to a global learning approach, without being explicitly indicated in curriculum policy, its integration will continue to be left to chance. This global learning approach provides an opportunity for primary science education to become valued as dynamic process which supports sustainable development rather than remaining a static body of knowledge.
Intelligent reflecting surface-assisted single-input single-output Golden codeword-based modulation schemes

In this paper, two intelligent reﬂecting surface (IRS)-assisted single-input single-output Golden codeword-based modulation schemes for next-generation networks are investigated. In Scheme 1, one pair of Golden codeword super-symbols are transmitted over two consecutive time slots with the assistance of an IRS to maximise the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each slot. Scheme 2 applies component-interleaving to the pair of Golden codeword super-symbols and transmits the modiﬁed super-symbols over four consecutive time slots with the assistance of an IRS to maximise the received SNR in each slot. A signiﬁcant improvement in error performance is demonstrated over their counterparts, for both conventional/non-access point (AP) or AP-based IRSs. Scheme 2 exhibits superior error performance over Scheme 1, especially for small and medium IRSs. The theoretical average bit error probabilities for the proposed schemes are formulated and validated by simulation results. Low-complexity detectors for the schemes under study are provided and the computational complexity imposed by these detectors are analysed and found to be extremely low.
Pediatric Healthcare Needs and Barriers Self-Reported by a Rural Hispanic Community

Purpose Hispanic immigrants in rural communities can be a hard-to-reach population with many unmet medical needs that have yet to be properly identified. This is particularly true for rural immigrant children. This study focused on documenting self-reported healthcare barriers among this isolated population to identify methods for reducing health disparities among this vulnerable population. Methods Participants at recurrent mobile health fairs were anonymously surveyed from June 2016 to January 2018. Differences between the US and foreign-born Hispanic participants were investigated in bivariate analyses. Findings We received 35 completed surveys. The majority (79.3%) of participants reported household incomes below the federal poverty line for a family of four. Only 4.5% of foreign-born children were insured, compared with 77% of US-born children (p<0.001). Greater than 85% of foreign-born and 100% of US-born children were fully vaccinated, but half of the participants were seeking preventative care. Most patients identified insurance and cost as the most significant barriers to healthcare. Conclusions Access to insurance was the largest barrier identified by this population, with a significant difference between foreign and US-born children. This gap is further compounded by many responders living below the federal poverty line, limiting their ability to pay for the growing costs of uninsured treatment. This study also indicates this Hispanic community's prioritized desire for access to preventative healthcare and high uptake of childhood immunizations.