Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oncogenetic Information in the Hands of Physicians and the Preventive Options of Persons Who Are Not Their Patients

In recent years there have been remarkable developments in the molecular genetics of familial breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA1 gene, conferring susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer, was identified in October 1994.1 A second gene, the BRCA2 gene, was identified in 1995.2 These advances have led to dramatic improvements in the diagnosis and understanding of familial breast and ovarian cancer. An estimated 5–10% of all breast cancers occur in a familial context, with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Genetic counseling, based on mutation analysis, is now possible in some of these families. Women belonging to a family with a documented inherited breast cancer predisposition, and carrying the mutant gene, are believed to have a risk of up to 80% of developing breast cancer between the ages of 30 and 70. The efficacy of intensive screening in this high-risk group is still unknown. There are no prospective data on the efficacy of prophylactic mastectomy. Male as well as female mutation carriers can transmit the mutated gene to their children. Oncogenetic counseling, starting from this new knowledge and technology in the molecular genetics of familial breast and ovarian cancer, raises new ethical questions. Oncogenetic information, as all genetic information, has a predictive as well as a familial character. This last feature is unique: genetic risk information about a particular individual also has implications for her or his close relatives. Parents and children share half of their genes. Cousins have one eighth of their genes in common. Family bonds especially raise issues of confidentiality. The acquisition and disclosure of genetic information confronts individuals with new moral obligations to relatives. Have relatives an obligation to communicate genetic knowledge to one another? And what are the responsibilities of counselors or genetic institutions to family members who are not their patients? Questions also arise when a relative refuses collaboration to a diagnosis that might be important for the patient. Have individuals a moral right to pursue their own goals without contributing to their family’s genetic history? Not only the private family circle is interested in the genetic makeup of a patient. In the public sphere, employers, insurers, loan companies, adoption agencies, and
Trends in Use of Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain Among Individuals With Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: The TROUP Study

ObjectivesUse of prescription opioids for chronic pain is increasing, as is abuse of these medications, though the nature of the link between these trends is unclear. These increases may be most marked in patients with mental health (MH) and substance use disorders (SUDs). We analyzed trends between 2000 and 2005 in opioid prescribing among individuals with noncancer pain conditions (NCPC), with and without MH and SUDs. MethodsSecondary data analysis of longitudinal administrative data from 2 dissimilar populations: a national, commercially insured population and Arkansas Medicaid enrollees. We examined these opioid outcomes: (1) rates of any prescription opioid use in the past year, (2) rates of chronic use of prescription opioids (greater than 90 d in the past year), (3) mean days supply of opioids, (4) mean daily opioid dose in morphine equivalents, and (5) percentage of total opioid dose that was Schedule II opioids. ResultsIn 2000, among individuals with NCPC, chronic opioid use was more common among those with a MH or SUD than among those without in commercially insured (8% vs. 3%, P<0.001) and Arkansas Medicaid (20% vs. 13%, P<0.001) populations. Between 2000 and 2005, in commercially insured, rates of chronic opioid use increased by 34.9% among individuals with an MH or SUD and 27.8% among individuals without these disorders. In Arkansas Medicaid chronic, opioid use increased by 55.4% among individuals with an MH or SUD and 39.8% among those without. DiscussionChronic use of prescription opioids for NCPC is much higher and growing faster in patients with MH and SUDs than in those without these diagnoses. Clinicians should monitor the use of prescription opioids in these vulnerable groups to determine whether opioids are substituting for or interfering with appropriate MH and substance abuse treatment.
Cytochrome P450 Cyp4x1 is a major P450 protein in mouse brain

A novel cytochrome P450, CYP4x1, was identified in EST databases on the basis of similarity to a conserved region in the C‐helix of the CYP4A family. The human and mouse CYP4x1 cDNAs were cloned and found to encode putative cytochrome P450 proteins. Molecular modelling of CYP4x1 predicted an unusual substrate binding channel for the CYP4 family. Expression of human CYP4x1 was detected in brain by EST analysis, and in aorta by northern blotting. The mouse cDNA was used to demonstrate that the Cyp4x RNA was expressed principally in brain, and at much lower levels in liver; hepatic levels of the Cyp4x1 RNA were not affected by treatment with the inducing agents phenobarbital, dioxin, dexamethasone or ciprofibrate, nor were the levels affected in PPARα–/– mice. A specific antibody for Cyp4x1 was developed, and shown to detect Cyp4x1 in brain; quantitation of the Cyp4x1 protein in brain demonstrated ≈ 10 ng of Cyp4x1 protein·mg−1 microsomal protein, showing that Cyp4x1 is a major brain P450. Immunohistochemical localization of the Cyp4x1 protein in brain showed specific staining of neurons, choroids epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. These data suggest an important role for Cyp4x1 in the brain.
Potential effects of managed care on specialty practice at a university medical center.

BACKGROUND The growth of managed care presents a challenge to academic medical centers, because the demand for the services of specialists is likely to continue decreasing. We estimated the number of enrollees the University of Michigan Medical Center would need in its health maintenance organization (HMO) system in order to provide revenue equivalent to the total revenue it received for professional specialty care in 1992. METHODS Rates of utilization and payment were based on the medical center's experience with managed care in 1992 in its independent practice association HMO, in which 25,000 members had capitated coverage and received primary and all specialty care from university physicians, and 15,000 members received primary care and most specialty care from physicians outside the university. We assumed that persons not enrolled in Medicare were all enrolled in managed-care plans. Primary care activity was excluded from the calculations of expense, revenue, and numbers of faculty members. RESULTS If all specialty services were provided by the university to HMO members, all the 21 specialties examined except obstetrics and gynecology and emergency services would require an enrollment of more than 250,000 to support the 1992 level of professional revenue and maintain the number of faculty members. If university services were provided only for referrals from a loosely affiliated network of community physicians in the HMO system, all the 19 specialties examined except plastic surgery would require an HMO enrollment of more than 1 million. In a combined model in which all specialty services were provided to 100,000 HMO members and network referrals were provided to 500,000 members, substantial changes in faculty composition would be needed in all the departments studied. CONCLUSIONS Because of the large number of HMO members required, unless other changes occur, it is unrealistic to expect that the University of Michigan Medical Center could create an HMO or network large enough to support the specialty practice of the current number of faculty members at the 1992 level of financing.
Inability to perform because of pain/injury in elite adult Irish dance: A prospective investigation of contributing factors

Previous research in Irish dancing (ID) has recorded high levels of pain/injury. Screening protocols in other genres have been developed to identify at‐risk dancers. The aims of the study were to examine the factors that relate to absence from dancing because of musculo‐skeletal pain/injury in ID, and to inform guidelines for the development of an evidence‐based screening protocol. Baseline subjective data (n = 85) and physical data (n = 84) were gathered. Subjects completed a monthly online questionnaire for 1 year providing data on general physical and psychological health and rates of pain/injury. Subjects were allocated to a “More Time Absent (MTA)” or “Less Time Absent (LTA)” category depending on their duration of absence from performance over the year. Eighty‐four subjects completed the year‐long follow‐up (MTA: n = 32; LTA: n = 52). Two hundred seventy‐eight complaints of pain/injury were recorded. Factors significantly associated with membership of the MTA group included greater anger‐hostility (P = 0.003), more subjective health complaints (P = 0.026), more severe previous pain/injury (P = 0.017), more general everyday pain (P = 0.020), more body parts affected by pain/injury (P = 0.028), always/often dancing in pain (P = 0.028), and insufficient sleep (P = 0.043). Several biopsychosocial factors appear to be associated with absence from ID because of pain/injury. Biopsychosocial screening protocols and prevention strategies may best identify at‐risk dancers.
Carcinoma de células en anillo de sello del colon y recto en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas

Objetivo. - El carcinoma de celulas en anillo de sello primario del colon y recto, es una neoplasia poco frecuente, variedad del adenocarcinoma del intestino grueso. El proposito de este estudio fue establecer su incidencia, historia natural y relacion con el cancer de colon no polipoide hereditario (HNPCC). Metodos. - Se revisaron las historias clinicas e histologia de 28 pacientes con diagnostico de carcinoma de celulas en anillo de sello primario del colon y recto, en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN), entre los anos 1991 al 2002. Resultados. - La incidencia del carcinoma de celulas en anillo de sello fue del 5.09% en relacion con los casos de adenocarcinoma primario del colon y recto. Los pacientes fueron diagnosticados en estadios avanzados de enfermedad (C y D de Dukes). En la mayoria de casos la neoplasia comprometio todo el espesor de la pared intestinal (Tipo Borrmann IV). La relacion Hombre – Mujer fue 1:1.5. La edad media de presentacion 55.5 anos y la mediana 57 anos (rango de 11 a 83 anos). Conclusiones. - La comparacion de nuestros datos con lo reportado en la literatura, muestra algunas diferencias, que pueden estar relacionadas con caracteristicas biologicas propias de nuestra poblacion y con la aplicacion de diferentes criterios de seleccion de los casos. No es posible establecer en nuestra serie la relacion entre HNPCC y carcinoma de celulas en anillo de sello primario del colon y recto.
Without Expert Fuzzy based Data Mining based on Fuzzy Similarity to Mine New Association Rule

The problem of mining association rules in a database are introduced. Most of association rule mining approaches aim to mine association rules considering exact matches between items in transactions. A new algorithm called ―Without expert fuzzy based data mining Based on Fuzzy Similarity to mine new Association Rules ‖ which considers not only exact matches between items, but also the fuzzy similarity between them. In this paper their should not be a requirement to have an expert for finding similarity between items. Without expert fuzzy based(WEFB) Data Mining Based on fuzzy Similarity to mine new Association Rules uses the concepts of without expert to represent the similarity degree between items, and proposes a new way of obtaining support and confidence for the association rules containing these items. The problem is to find all association rules that satisfy user- specified minimum support and minimum confidence constraints. This paper then results that new rules bring more information about the database.
Screening in general practice – what do we (not) know?

Many questions can be asked about ‘‘screening’’ such as: what diseases should be screened for, what tests should be used, is the test harmful, what do we gain, how often must the test be done in order to optimize the effect, how much does it cost and who is going to be responsible for the screening? In 1968 Wilson and Jungner defined a set of 10 criteria to be met before a screening strategy is implemented [1]. In addition to these criteria recommendations about a description of the patient perspective is needed [2]. Answers to all questions are rarely seen when screening programmes are introduced into society. One could say that it is too ambitious or nearly impossible to meet all the criteria (and this may be correct), but the responsible persons should be aware of all the perspectives before implementing a programme. Interest groups may often wish to introduce screening, simply because of a high prevalence of a non-identified disease or because a diagnostic test is available. If a screening strategy is implemented without thorough preparatory work, a lot of criticism is likely to arise from different groups of patients, health professionals, and health administrators.
Optimization of multidrug resistance 1 gene transfer confers chemoprotection to human hematopoietic cells engrafted in immunodeficient mice

Objective: To investigate whether an optimization of MDR1 gene transfer protocol would result in stable hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment and myeloprotection in non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice after paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Le dépistage de la macrosomie par la mesure de la hauteur utérine et de l'estimation pondérale fœtale à l'échographie

La macrosomie fœtale complique environ 4,5 a 9,6% des grossesses. Elle est donc associee a une augmentation des complications maternelles et fœtales. Il parait donc important de la depister de maniere fiable. Les objectifs de cette etude etaient d'evaluer la correlation entre la mesure de la hauteur uterine ou l'estimation echographique et le poids de naissance de l'enfant. L'etude realisee est observationnelle a visee etiologique de type cas-temoin. Nous avions 55 cas et 75 temoins recueillis dans les 3 niveaux de maternite differents (Clermont-Ferrand, Vichy, Issoire) sur la periode du 1er avril 2012 au 1er avril 2013. Les resultats de cette etude ne montraient pas de correlation evidente entre la hauteur uterine et l'estimation echographique (r=0,40) ou le poids de naissance (r=0,41). Cependant, il y a un lien entre l'estimation ponderale a l'echographie du 3eme trimestre et le poids de naissance de l'enfant (r=0,56). Or, notre etude a ete conduite entre 30 et 35 SA mais il semblerait que les resultats soient meilleurs a l'approche du terme de la grossesse. Le depistage de la macrosomie reste de nos jours difficile. Il semble interessant de mettre l'accent sur le suivi de la fin de grossesse a partir de signes d'appel cliniques ou echographiques.
Risk factors and pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Understanding the basic pathophysiology of COPD will be of great assistance in diagnosing and treating the disease in circumstances where new mechanisms, diagnostic tests and drug therapies are emerging at a rapid pace. The pathophysiology of the disease is complicated and largely undiscovered. However, with the advent of new technology and widespread advances in research the thick cloud cover over the pathophysiology of COPD is rapidly unveiling.
High Order X-LMS Filter Applied for Active Noise Control System

In this paper Active Noise Control Mechanism is utilized using higher order X-LMS filter. This techniqueis based on X-NLMS, also known as traditional Acoustic Noise Cancellation (ANC) scheme. It cancels the wideband noise from the corrupted speech signal. It does not consider the effect of sinusoidal noise. In real-time environment, sinusoidal noise is added in the speech signal throughdifferent sources having rotor for example fan of Laptop/PC and/or engine noise.
A Methodology for Simulation-based Job Performance Assessment

Job performance measurement is of critical importance to any organization’s health. It is important not only to recognize and reward good performance, but also to groom future leaders. Developing effective assessment techniques that are valid, effective and fair is an ongoing challenge. Assessing factual knowledge using multiple-choice test batteries relatively inexpensive and tends to be commonly used. Hands-on assessment is the most effective in assessing task proficiency but is very resource intensive and expensive. Computer-based simulations provide an alternative where users can be assessed in the context of skill application under controlled conditions. However, simulations are expensive to produce and maintain. Validated guidelines and methodologies are needed to help organizations develop effective assessment simulations. In this paper we present a standard, prescriptive methodology for developing simulations for job performance assessment. We then describe a performance assessment simulation for Light-Wheeled Vehicle Maintenance constructed according to this methodology. This simulation includes automated assessment methods that borrow heavily from existing work in intelligent tutoring systems. Finally, we discuss future research directions based on the results of this initial methodology and assessment.
Architecture of oscillatory neural network for image segmentation

Oscillatory neural networks are a recent approach for applications in image segmentation. In this context, the LEGION (Locally Excitatory Globally Inhibitory Oscillator Network) is the most consistent proposal. As positive aspects, the network has got a parallel architecture and capacity to separate the segments in time. On the other hand, the structure based on differential equations presents high computational complexity and limited capacity of segmentation, which restricts practical applications. In this paper, a proposal of a parallel architecture for implementation of an oscillatory neural network suitable for image segmentation is presented. The proposed network keeps the positive features of the LEGION network, offering lower complexity for implementation in digital hardware and capacity of segmentation unlimited, as well as a few parameters, with an intuitive setting. Preliminary results confirm the successful operation of the proposed network in applications of image segmentation.
Identity of Work of Fine Arts in the Generated Process / Identitet likovnog djela u generiranom procesu

Abstract In everyday practice computer is used as a means to achieve something. It is rarely used for creative production in which case we speak about the interaction with what the computer enables us to do. We may use the existing programmes as ready-made products as well as places which are changed by reprogramming the already existing programme and changing its settings in a creative way. Thus, a computer's intelligence is situated in its programme. By its nature any programme is a collection of various inputs, strategies and ideas designed to interact with the users. In the case in which a programme transcends the role of a tool and mobilizes its user, it becomes a language, a text, a communicative process. In the emerged identity and knowledge – those terms are the key to the hermeneutical and interactive processes: works of art. The paper studies the relations and aesthetical principles which have emerged as a consequence of co-creativeness in the circumstances in which the work of fine art has been created. It also addresses the problem of the oculocentric culture which, as a dimension of the majority, directs the perception of the crowd towards the traditional understanding derived from the Cartesian doctrine of bipolarity as the foundation of modern thought. Key words: artistic process; hermeneutical; identity; oculocentric culture; software --- Sažetak Racunalo se u svakodnevnoj praksi koristi uglavnom kao sredstvo, vrlo rijetko kao alat za kreativne izvedbe. Kod takvog koristenja govorimo o interakciji s onim sto nam racunalo omogucuje. U tom slucaju postojece programe možemo iskoristiti kao gotove proizvode, a također i kao mjesta na koja se intervenira programiranjima na vec postojeci program i promjenama postavki kreativno djeluje. Racunalo, dakle, svoju inteligenciju posjeduje u programu. Na određeni je nacin bilo koji program, u svojoj naravi, skup najraznovrsnijih unosa, strategija i ideja koji su kao operativni sadržaj predviđeni za interakciju s korisnicima. U slucaju kada program transcendira ulogu samo alata i mobilizira korisnika, tada postaje jezik, tekst, komunikacijski proces. U nastalom identitetu i znanju ti su pojmovi kljuc hermeneutickih interaktivnih procesa: umjetnickih djela. U radu se ispituju odnosi i estetski principi nastali kao posljedica sukreiranosti u okolnostima nastanka likovnog djela. Dotice se problem okulocentristicke kulture koja kao dimenzija vecine usmjerava percepciju mnostva prema tradicionalistickim shvacanjima proizaslim iz kartezijanskog ucenja o bipolarnosti kao temelja moderne misli. Kljucne rijeci: hermeneuticki; identitet; okulocentristicka kultura; programska podrska; umjetnicki proces
A Frequency Domain Decoupling Method and Multivariable Controller Design for Turbofan Engines

Advanced engine control, such as active control, often involves controlling engine with more control variables at a wider frequency range. When the conventional successive-loop-closure technology is applied to design controller with more objectives and controls, it will lead to multi-loop interleaving, and prevent the responses of the lower frequency control loops from meeting the requirements and hence exploiting the potential of the engine. A modified multivariable decoupling method in frequency domain is presented to improve the robustness and decoupling of the system and proved that it is equivalent to Rosenbrock’s modified method at a single frequency, and then extended to a weighted formulation on a certain frequency range. Finally, the modified method is used to design steady-state decoupling controller, and a multivariable gain-scheduling controller for large transient is formulated as the weighted function of a family of designed decoupling controllers, whose weights are chosen as transfer function of neural network optimized by BP algorithm. Computational results are presented for controlling the small and large transient of a military aircraft turbofan engine, and the simulations show that compared with standard Hawkins’s method, the resultant compensated system designed by the modified method is of better good decoupling and robustness.
A Moving Target Framework to Improve Network Service Accessibility

Nowadays, the problem of Internet services accessibility has become a hot topic with more and more cyber attacks and censorship. This has prompted the rapid development of jamming-resistance infrastructure consisting of multiple dynamic access points such as proxies, anonymous communication nodes and covert communication nodes. However, the channel between user and access point has become an emerging attacking target for the adversary. Once the channel is detected and identified by the adversary, the channel will be interrupted. Though users can require new access points from the infrastructure and resume the communication to their destination, the service quality will be downgraded dramatically due to the time-consuming bootstrapping process. In this paper, a moving target framework is proposed to improve the network service accessibility, which combines both time-consuming bootstrapping and frequent and low-cost channel refreshing operations. The constant channel refreshing operations is imported to limit the adversary's ability of detecting and blocking communications, thus to make the lifespan of effective communication longer. With theoretical and simulating analysis, the optimized refreshing strategy is proposed, which can help improve service accessibility.