Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Incremental Updating Algorithm for Sequence Patterns Based on Improved PrefixSpan

The PrefixSpan algorithm needs to rerun the algorithm in the process of incremental updating of the sequence pattern, needs to scan the original database repeatedly and needs to construct the large number of projection databases in the mining process. In order to solve these problems, the IPISP algorithm is proposed. The IPISP algorithm uses the sequence pattern base(SPB) to store all the mining sequences and their supports. In the case of incremental mining, the number and size of the projection database are reduced by scanning the sequence pattern base. At the same time, when constructing a projection database, check the prefix of the sequence database with respect to the prefix to avoid constructing the duplicate projection database for the same prefix pattern. The time required to construct the projection database and the size of the projection database are reduced, thereby reducing time and space consumption. Experiments show that the efficiency of the IPISP algorithm is better than PrefixSpan algorithm in the mining of sequential pattern incremental updating.
Extending the Knowledge-Level Approach to Planning for Social Interaction

A robot coexisting with humans must not only be able to perform physical tasks, but must also be able to interact with humans in a socially appropriate manner. We describe an application of planning to task-based social interaction using a robot that must interact with multiple human agents in a simple bartending domain. Extensions to previous work include a new domain supporting planning for group interactions, and reasoning about uncertainty due to automatic speech recognition
Life events and psychosocial factors in elderly suicides – a case–control study

Background. Stressful life events, such as family conflicts, separation, bereavement, somatic illness and financial problems are common antecedents of suicide. Studies on suicide among younger persons dominate the literature, despite the fact that a large proportion of suicides occur among elderly persons. Methods. The occurrence of stressful life events was investigated among elderly suicide cases and population controls. The study was conducted in the southwestern part of Sweden and included 85 persons (46 males and 39 females) 65 years and above who had committed suicide from January 1994 to May 1996. Population controls (84 males and 69 females) were randomly selected. Interviews were carried out with the controls and with informants for the suicide cases. Questions on sociodemographic background, mental and somatic health status, and life events (0–6, 7–12 and 13–24 months preceding suicide/interview) were included in the interviews. Results. Somatic illness, family discord and financial trouble were significant risk factors during all three time periods. Other risk factors were mental disorder, lower education, feelings of loneliness and previous suicide in the family. Factors associated with a decreased risk included active participation in organizations and having a hobby. Variables that remained in the multivariate logistic regression model were mental disorder (men, odds ratio (OR) = 62·4, 95% CI 17·9–217·5; women, OR = 55·9, 95% CI 14·1–222·3) and family discord (men, OR = 10·0, 95% CI 1·7–59·8; women, OR = 9·2, 95% CI 1·9–44·8). Conclusions. Mental disorder and family discord were the two major risk factors for suicide among elderly men and women.
Evaluating the Improvement in Shear Wave Speed Image Quality Using Multidimensional Directional Filters in the Presence of Reflection Artifacts

Shear waves propagating through interfaces where there is a change in stiffness cause reflected waves that can lead to artifacts in shear wave speed (SWS) reconstructions. Two-dimensional (2-D) directional filters are commonly used to reduce in-plane reflected waves; however, SWS artifacts arise from both inand out-of-imaging-plane reflected waves. Herein, we introduce 3-D shear wave reconstruction methods as an extension of the previous 2-D estimation methods and quantify the reduction in image artifacts through the use of volumetric SWS monitoring and 4-D-directional filters. A Gaussian acoustic radiation force impulse excitation was simulated in phantoms with Young's modulus (E) of 3 kPa and a 5-mm spherical lesion with E = 6, 12, or 18.75 kPa. The 2-D-, 3-D-, and 4-D-directional filters were applied to the displacement profiles to reduce inand out-of-plane reflected wave artifacts. Contrast-to-noise ratio and SWS bias within the lesion were calculated for each reconstructed SWS image to evaluate the image quality. For 2-D SWS image reconstructions, the 3-D-directional filters showed greater improvements in image quality than the 2-D filters, and the 4-D-directional filters showed marginal improvement over the 3-D filters. Although 4-D-directional filters can further reduce the impact of large magnitude out-of-plane reflection artifacts in SWS images, computational overhead and transducer costs to acquire 3-D data may outweigh the modest improvements in image quality. The 4-D-directional filters have the largest impact in reducing reflection artifacts in 3-D SWS volumes.
Meta-Analysis of High-Risk Sexual Behavior in Persons Aware and Unaware They are Infected With HIV in the United States: Implications for HIV Prevention Programs

Objectives:To compare the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors in HIV+ persons aware of their serostatus with that in HIV+ persons unaware of their status in the United States and to discuss implications for HIV prevention programs. Methods:A meta-analysis was conducted on 11 independent findings. Six findings compared HIV+ aware persons with independent groups of HIV+ unaware persons (between-group comparisons), and 5 findings compared seroconverting individuals before and after being notified of their HIV+ status (within-subject comparisons). Outcomes were self-reported unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAV) during specified recall periods. Results:The analysis integrating all 11 findings indicated that the prevalence of UAV with any partner was an average of 53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45%-60%) lower in HIV+ persons aware of their status relative to HIV+ persons unaware of their status. There was a 68% reduction (95% CI: 59%-76%) after adjusting the data of the primary studies to focus on UAV with partners who were not already HIV+. The reductions were larger in between-group comparisons than in within-subject comparisons. Findings for men and women were highly similar. Conclusions:The prevalence of high-risk sexual behavior is reduced substantially after people become aware they are HIV+. Increased emphasis on HIV testing and counseling is needed to reduce exposure to HIV from persons unaware they are infected. Ongoing prevention services are needed for persons who know they are HIV+ and continue to engage in high-risk behavior.
Triptolide-Assisted Phosphorylation of p53 Suppresses Inflammation-Induced NF-κB Survival Pathways in Cancer Cells

ABSTRACT Chronic inflammation plays important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Resolving chronic inflammation or blocking inflammatory signal transduction may prevent cancer development. Here, we report that the combined low-dose use of two anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and triptolide, reduces spontaneous lung cancer incidence from 70% to 10% in a mouse model. Subsequent studies reveal that such treatment has little effect on resolving chronic inflammatory conditions in the lung, but it significantly blocks the NF-κB-mediated expression of proliferation and survival genes in cancer cells. Furthermore, triptolide and aspirin induce distinct mechanisms to potentiate each other to block NF-κB nuclear localization stimulated by inflammatory cytokines. While aspirin directly inhibits IκB kinases (IKKs) to phosphorylate IκBα for NF-κB activation, triptolide does not directly target IKKs or other factors that mediate IKK activation. Instead, it requires p53 to inhibit IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. Triptolide binds to and activates p38α and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which phosphorylate and stabilize p53. Subsequently, p53 competes with IκBα for substrate binding to IKKβ and thereby blocks IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. Inhibition of p38α and ERK1/2 or p53 mutations could abolish the inhibitory effects of triptolide on NF-κB. Our study defines a new p53-dependent mechanism for blocking NF-κB survival pathways in cancer cells.
Response linearity and kinetics of the cat retina: The bipolar cell component of the dark-adapted electroretinogram

Abstract The electroretinogram (ERG) of the dark-adapted cat eye in response to brief ganzfeld flashes of a wide range of intensities was recorded after intravitreal injection of n-methyl dl aspartate (NMdlA, cumulative intravitreal concentration of 1.3–3.9 mM) to suppress inner-retinal components, and after intravitreal dl or L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (dl-APB, 1–3 mM; l-APB, 1.2 mM) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3 dione (CNQX, 40–60 µM), to suppress all post-receptoral neuronal responses. Rod PII, the ERG component arising from rod bipolar cells, was derived by subtracting records obtained after APB and CNQX from post-NMDLA records. When we measured the derived response at fixed times after the stimulus, we found that PII initially increased in proportion to stimulus intensity without any sign of a threshold. The leading edge of PII at early times after the stimulus, when the response was still small, was well described by V(t) = kI(t −td)5 where k is a constant, I is the intensity of the stimulus, and td is a brief delay of about 3 ms. Correspondingly, the time for the response to rise to an arbitrary small criterion voltage Vcrit was adequately fitted by tcrit = td + (Vcrit/kI)1/5. The time course of the leading edge of the PII response can be interpreted to indicate that the mechanism generating PII introduces three stages of temporal integration in addition to the three stages that are provided by the mechanism of the rod photoreceptors. This finding is consistent with the operation within the rod bipolar cell of a G-protein cascade similar to that in the rods.
Evidence for Two Interacting Ligand Binding Sites in Human Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (ATP Binding Cassette C2)*

Multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) belongs to the ATP binding cassette family of transporters. Its substrates include organic anions and anticancer drugs. We have used transport assays with vesicles derived from Sf9 insect cells overproducing MRP2 to study the interactions of drugs, organic anions, and bile acids with three MRP2 substrates: estradiol-17-β-d-glucuronide (E217βG), methotrexate, and glutathione-S-dinitrophenol. Complex inhibition and stimulation patterns were obtained, different from those observed with the related transporters MRP1 and MRP3. In contrast to a previous report, we found that the rate of E217βG transport by MRP2 increases sigmoidally with substrate concentration indicative of homotropic cooperativity. Half-maximal transport was obtained at 120 μm E217βG, in contrast to values < 20 μm for MRP1 and 3. MRP2 stimulators, such as indomethacin and sulfanitran, strongly increased the affinity of MRP2 for E217βG (half-maximal transport rates at 65 and 16 μm E217βG, respectively) and shifted the sigmoidal dependence of transport rate on substrate concentration to a more hyperbolic one, without substantially affecting the maximal transport rate. Sulfanitran also stimulated MRP2 activity in cells, i.e. the transport of saquinavir through monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. Some compounds that stimulate E217βG transport, such as penicillin G or pantoprazole, are not detectably transported by MRP2, suggesting that they allosterically stimulate transport without being cotransported with E217βG. We propose that MRP2 contains two similar but nonidentical ligand binding sites: one site from which substrate is transported and a second site that regulates the affinity of the transport site for the substrate.
Effect of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on Retinal and Choroidal Blood Flow during Hypercarbia in Newborn Piglets

The effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, on choroidal (ChBF) and retinal (RBF) blood flow during hypercarbia was examined in 16 paralyzed and mechanically ventilated piglets less than 8 d old. The animals were randomly assigned to a control group (mean ± SEM: wt, 1.66 ± 0.1 kg; n = 8) that received a placebo infusion or to an indomethacin treatment group (wt, 1.68 ± 0.2 kg; n = 8) that received an infusion of indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v. over 30 min). Baseline ChBF and RBF were measured using radiolabeled microspheres in room air before and 15 min after the administration of placebo or indomethacin. Animals were then exposed to 30 min of hypercarbia (6–7% CO2, arterial CO2 pressure 8–10 kPa) and measurements were repeated. There were no significant differences in RBF between control (40 ± 3 mL/ min/100 g) and indomethacin-treated animals (40 ± 3 mL/ min/100 g) before administration of placebo or indomethacin. However, RBF decreased significantly in the indomethacin-treated animals (28 ± 2 mL/min/100 g) compared to the control group (42 ± 4 mL/min/100 g) 15 min after administration of placebo or indomethacin. Furthermore, an increase in RBF occurred during hypercarbia in the control group (86 ± 6 mL/min/100 g), but this change was blunted in the indomethacin-treated animals (33 ± 5 mL/min/100 g) (p < 0.001). In contrast, ChBF did not differ significantly between the control and indomethacin groups during the periods studied. These results suggest that the increase in RBF during hypercarbia is at least partially mediated by cyclooxygenase by-products of ara-chidonic acid metabolism. The change in ChBF appears to be less influenced by these mediators.
Oleuropein: Molecular Dynamics and Computation.

BACKGROUND Olive oil and table olive biophenols have been shown to significantly enrich the hedonic-sensory and nutritional quality of the Mediterranean diet. Oleuropein is one of the predominant biophenols in green olives and leaves, which not only has noteworthy freeradical quenching activity but also putatively reduces the incidence of various cancers. Clinical trials suggest that the consumption of extra virgin olive oil reduces the risk of several degenerative diseases. The oleuropein-based bioactives in olive oil could reduce tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β and nitric oxide. Therefore, the quality of olive biophenols should be preserved and even improved due to their disease-fighting properties. OBJECTIVE Understanding the molecular dynamics of oleuropein is crucial to increase olive oil and table olive quality. The objective of this review is to provide the molecular dynamics and computational mapping of oleuropein. METHOD The oleuropein molecular bond sequential breaking mechanisms were analyzed through unimolecular reactions under electron spray ionization, collision activated dissociations, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. RESULTS Oleuropein is a biophenol-secoiridoid expressing different functionalities such as two π-bonds, two esters, two acetals, one catechol, and four hexose hydroxyls within 540 mw. The oleuropein solvent-free reactivity is leading to glucose loss and bioactive aglycone-dialdehydes via secoiridoid ring opening. CONCLUSION Oleuropein electron distribution revealed that the free-radical non-polar processes occur from its highest occupied molecular orbital, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is clearly devoted to nucleophilic and base site reactivity. This molecular dynamics and computational mapping of oleuropein could contribute to the engineering of olive-based biomedicine and/or functional food.
Measurement of ozone injury by determination of leaf chlorophyll concentration.

A simple, rapid procedure is described for evaluating ozone injury to leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pinto. Leaf chlorophyll is extracted with ethanol and analyzed spectrophotometrically; the concentration is expressed on the basis of leaf dry weight.The per cent chlorophyll reduction of ozone-injured leaves was highly correlated with the per cent visible necrosis and chlorosis (r = 0.96). The variability in injury estimates with chlorophyll analysis was slightly less than with visual evaluation. An evaluation of chlorophyll a and b concentrations separately showed that the chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased with increasing amounts of injury. Chlorophyll determinations made for leaves harvested at intervals after an ozone treatment indicated that maximum chlorophyll reduction had occurred by 4 days.This procedure for measuring ozone injury should be useful in eliminating the human bias associated with visible estimates of injury.
Enhancing the Accurate of Grey Prediction for GDP Growth Rate in Vietnam

Based on the grey theory, grey prediction models, which are GM (1, 1), have been adopted to predict the Vietnamese GDP growth rate index and modified GM (1, 1) using Fourier series called "FRMGM (1, 1)" for improving the accuracy of forecast model. A forecasting the growth rate of Vietnam GDP from 2013-2015 has also been conducted based on the previous data (from 2000 to 2012) to serve as a reference for government authority in formulating policies as well as orienting development in the future. All data source is collected from the website of the Asian Development Bank. Through simulation results, this study showed that the FRMGM (1, 1) is an excellent model in forecasting models using with average accuracy of predict is 92.72%. Hence, the FRMGM (1, 1) model is strongly suggested in forecasting the GDP growth rate in Vietnam.
Mental imagery and the third dimension.

What sort of medium underlies imagery for three-dimensional scenes? In the present investigation, the time subjects took to scan between objects in a mental image was used to infer the sorts of geometric information that images preserve. Subjects studied an open box in which five objects were suspended, and learned to imagine this display with their eyes closed. In the first experiment, subjects scanned by tracking an imaginary point moving in a straight line between the imagined objects. Scanning times increased linearly with increasing distance between objects in three dimensions. Therefore metric 3-D information must be preserved in images, and images cannot simply be 2-D "snapshots. " In a second experiment, subjects scanned across the image by "sighting" objects through an imaginary rifle sight. Here scanning times were found to increase linearly with the two-dimensional separations between objects as they appeared from the original viewing angle. Therefore metric 2-D distance information in the original perspective view must be preserved in images, and images cannot simply be 3-D "scale-models" that are assessed from any and all directions at once. In a third experiment, subjects mentally rotated the display 90 degrees and scanned between objects as they appeared in this new perspective view by tracking an imaginary rifle signt, as before. Scanning times increased linearly with the two-dimensional separations between objects as they would appear from the new relative viewing perspective. Therefore images can display metric 2-D distance information in a perspective view never actually experiences, so mental images cannot simply be "snapshot plus scale model" pairs. These results can be explained by a model in which the three-dimensional structure of objects is encoded in long-term memory in 3-D object-centered coordinate systems. When these objects are imagined, this information is then mapped onto a single 2-D "surface display" in which the perspective properties specific to a given viewing angle can be depicted. In a set of perceptual control experiments, subjects scanned a visible display by (a) simply moving their eyes from one object to another, (b) sweeping an imaginary rifle sight over the display, or (c) tracking an imaginary point moving from one object to another. Eye-movement times varied linearly with 2-D interobject distance, as did time to scan with an imaginary rifle sight; time to tract a point varied independently with the 3-D and 2-D interobject distances. These results are compared with the analogous image scanning results to argue that imagery and perception share some representational structures but that mental image scanning is a process distinct from eye movements or eye-movement commands.
Social Co-Governance for Food Safety Risks

We review relevant literature to propose the connotation and operation logic of food safety co-governance, systematically constitute by roles, functions, as well as the boundaries of public government, enterprise, and social forces. The major thesis is that social co-governance is a kind of societal-wide innovation (i.e., social innovation) that integrates diverse resources and efforts from multiple stakeholders for better and sustainable development of an economy’s food institution and system. We then put forward a prospect of the future research on food safety risk co-governance. Theoretical, practical, and policy implications are discussed.
Glucose homeostasis in abdominal obesity: hepatic hyperresponsiveness to growth hormone action.

It has been suggested that (abdominally) obese individuals are hypersensitive to growth hormone (GH) action. Because GH affects glucose metabolism, this may impact glucose homeostasis in abdominal obesity. Therefore, we studied the effect of GH on glucose metabolism in abdominally obese (OB) and normal-weight (NW) premenopausal women. A 1-h intravenous infusion of GH or placebo was randomly administered to six NW [body mass index (BMI) 21.1 +/- 1.9 kg/m(2)] and six OB (BMI 35.5 +/- 1.5 kg/m(2)) women in a crossover design. Insulin, glucagon, and GH secretion were suppressed by concomitant infusion of somatostatin. Glucose kinetics were measured using a 10-h infusion of [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose. In both groups, similar physiological GH peaks were reached by infusion of GH. GH strongly stimulated endogenous glucose production (EGP) in both groups. The percent increase was significantly greater in OB than in NW women (29.8 +/- 11.3 vs. 13.3 +/- 7.4%, P = 0.014). Accordingly, GH responsiveness, defined as the maximum response of EGP per unit GH, was increased in OB vs. NW subjects (6.0 +/- 2.1 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.5 micromol.min(-1). mU(-1). l(-1), P = 0.006). These results suggest that the liver is hyperresponsive to GH action in abdominally obese women. The role of the somatotropic ensemble in the control of glucose homeostasis in abdominal obesity is discussed.
Post-CMOS Compatible Micromachining Technique for On-Chip Passive RF Filter Circuits

This paper reports on a post-CMOS compatible micromachining technology for passive RF circuit integration. The micromachining technology combines the formation of high performance microelectromechanical systems solenoid inductors and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors by using a post CMOS process on standard CMOS substrate. Utilizing this process, novel on-chip 3-D configured RF filters for 5 GHz band are integrated on-chip. Two types of compact filters are designed and fabricated, with the layout size of the bandpass filter as 0.65 times 0.67 mm2 and that of the low-pass filter as 0.77 times 1.25 mm2. From the measurement results, the fifth-order low-pass filter shows less than 1.06 dB insertion loss up to 5 GHz and -1.5 dB cutoff frequency at 5.3 GHz. The bandpass filter is a secondorder coupled-resonator type, with measured 4.3 dB minimum insertion loss and better than 13 dB return loss in the pass band. Both simulation and shock testing results have shown that the filters are almost free of influence from environmental vibration and shock. From the measured results in various temperatures, the bandpass filters were found to show lower loss under low temperatures, while the passband shift is negligible in the various temperatures. Together with the fabricated filters, the developed micromachining technique has demonstrated the potential of onchip integration and miniaturization of passive RF circuits.