Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalised muscle weakness in young adults with congenital heart disease

Background In patients with heart failure from acquired cardiomyopathy, respiratory and skeletal muscle weakness is common and is an independent predictor for adverse events. Despite a different underlying pathology, many young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) develop a syndrome comparable to heart failure from acquired cardiomyopathy and may be at risk for a similar skeletal muscle weakness. Objectives To assess respiratory and skeletal muscle strength in adults with complex CHD. Methods Respiratory and skeletal muscle function was assessed in 51 adults; 41 with complex CHD (16 tetralogy of Fallot, 11 univentricular anatomy with Fontan operation and 14 with subaortic right ventricles) and 10 controls. Maximal inspiratory (MIPs) and expiratory (MEPs) pressures, handgrip strength, lung volumes and aerobic capacity (peak VO2) were measured. Results In patients with CHD (age 34±13 years), average% predicted MIPs, MEPs and handgrip strength were lower than in controls (77±27% vs 106±28%, 85±32% vs 116±41% and 72±15% vs 93±14%, respectively, p≤0.01). There was no significant difference in muscle weakness between CHD subgroups. In 39% of patients with CHD, the handgrip strength, and in 22%, respiratory muscle strength was <70% predicted. These patients had a significantly lower peak VO2 (50±12% vs 64±14% predicted, p=0.008). Conclusion Respiratory and skeletal muscle weakness is common in young adults with complex CHD and similar to that found in older adults with advanced heart failure from acquired heart disease.
Localized scheduling for end-to-end delay constrained Low Power Lossy networks with 6TiSCH

The IoT expects to exploit IEEE802.15. 4e-TSCH, designed for wireless industrial sensor networks. This standard relies on techniques such as channel hopping and bandwidth reservation to ensure both energy savings and reliable transmissions. The 6TiSCH working group currently proposes to exploit the RPL routing protocol on top of the IEEE802.15. 4-2012-TSCH layer. Since many applications may require low end-to-end delay (e.g. alarms), we propose here a distributed algorithm to schedule the transmissions while upper bounding the end-to-end delay. Our strategy is based on stratums to reserve time-bands for each depth in the routing structure constructed by RPL. By allocating a sufficient number of timeslots for the possible retransmissions, we guarantee that any packet is delivered during one single slotframe, wherever the source is located. Experiments on a large scale testbed prove the relevance of this approach to reduce the end-to-end delay while minimizing the number of collisions, prejudicial to the reliability in multihop networks.
Parkinson-Syndrome: Klinische Symptomatik, Differenzialdiagnose und Verlauf

Parkinson-Syndrome konnen im Rahmen des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms (IPS; auch Morbus Parkinson), anderer neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen, den so genannten atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen, und der symptomatischen Parkinson-Syndrome vorkommen. Das IPS ist dabei mit ca. 80 % aller Parkinson-Syndrome die haufigste Ursache. Neurodegenerative atypische Parkinson-Syndrome sind die wichtigsten Differenzialdiagnosen des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms. Die beiden haufigsten Formen sind die Multisystematrophie (MSA) und die progressive supranukleare Blickparese (PSP). Die meisten Parkinson-Syndrome lassen sich anhand klinischer Kriterien und morphologischer Bildgebung bereits differenzialdiagnostisch einordnen. Klinisch-pathologische Studien haben jedoch gezeigt, dass bei ungefahr 25 % der Patienten mit einem Parkinson-Syndrom eine falsche Diagnose gestellt wird. Eine exakte Diagnosestellung hat jedoch vielfaltige therapeutische und prognostische Implikationen. Verschiedene apparative Zusatzuntersuchungen, insbesondere funktionelle bildgebende Verfahren zur Darstellung des nigrostriatalen Systems mittels SPECT oder PET, konnen die diagnostische Sicherheit erhohen. Die folgende Ubersicht mochte die typischen klinischen Zeichen der verschiedenen Parkinson-Syndrome und deren klinischen Verlauf ins Blickfeld rucken und die Probleme der Fruh- und Differenzialdiagnose darstellen. Parkinsonian syndromes include idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD), other neurodegenerative diseases with parkinsonism, the so-called atypical parkinsonian syndromes, and symptomatic parkinsonian syndromes, such as Wilson’s disease. IPD is the most frequent disease with parkinsonism as the main clinical feature and is responsible for approx. 80 % of all parkinsonian syndromes. Atypical parkinsonian syndromes are the most important differential diagnoses of IPD. The two most frequent types are multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). For clinical diagnosis it is essential to take a careful medical history and to examine the patients physically in regular intervals. However, various clinico-pathological studies have shown that approx. 25 % of patients with clinical diagnosis of IPD may have other causes of parkinsonism. Selected technical investigations, in particular functional imaging of the central dopaminergic system using PET or SPECT, may help to make clinical diagnosis more secure. This paper reviews the clinical features and diagnostic findings in diseases with parkinsonism and summarises the difficulties in establishing early and differential diagnoses.
Treatment and Rehabilitation of Severe Mental Illness

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Quantitative Macroscopic Anatomy of the Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) Digestive Tract

Quantitative data on digestive anatomy of the world's largest ruminant, the giraffe, are scarce. Data were collected from a total of 25 wild‐caught and 13 zoo‐housed giraffes. Anatomical measures were quantified by dimension, area or weight and analysed by allometric regression. The majority of measures scaled positively and isometrically to body mass. Giraffes had lower tissue weight of all stomach compartments and longer large intestinal length than cattle. When compared to other ruminants, the giraffe digestive tract showed many of the convergent morphological adaptations attributed to browsing ruminants, for example lower reticular crests, thinner ruminal pillars and smaller surface area of the omasal laminae. Salivary gland weight of the giraffe, however, resembled that of grazing ruminants. This matches a previous finding of similarly small salivary glands in the other extant giraffid, the okapi (Okapia johnstoni), suggesting that not all convergent characteristics need be expressed in all species and that morphological variation between species is a combination of phylogenetic and adaptational signals.
Assessing inter-rater agreement of environmental audit data in a matched case-control study on bicycling injuries

Background Environmental audit tools must be reliable in order to accurately estimate the association between built environmental characteristics and bicycling injury risk. Objective To examine the inter-rater agreement of a built environment audit tool within a case-control study on the environmental determinants of bicycling injuries. Methods Auditor pairs visited locations where bicycling injuries occurred and independently recorded location characteristics using the Systematic Pedestrian and Cyclist Environmental Scan (SPACES). Two case groups were defined: (1) where a bicyclist was struck by a motor-vehicle (MV) and (2) where the bicyclist's injuries required hospitalisation. The two corresponding control groups were (1) where non-MV bicycle-related injuries occurred and (2) where minor bicycle-related injuries occurred. Inter-rater reliability of each item on the tool was assessed using observed agreement and κ with 95% CI. Results Ninety-seven locations were audited. Inter-observer agreement was generally high (≥95%); most items had a 1–2% difference in responses. Items with ≥5% differences between raters included path condition, slope and obstructions. For land use, path and roadway characteristics, κ ranged from 0.3 for presence of offices and cleanliness to 0.9 for schools and number of lanes; overall, 78% of items had at least substantial agreement (κ≥0.61). For bicyclists struck by a MV the proportion of items with substantial agreement was 60%, compared with 73% for non-MV related injuries. For hospitalisations and minor bicycle-related injuries, 76% of items had substantial agreement. Conclusions Agreement was substantial for most, but not all SPACES items. The SPACES provides reliable quantitative descriptions of built environmental characteristics at bicycling injury locations.
Interaction of current cancer treatments and the immune system: implications for breast cancer therapeutics

Early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer may account for the current improvement in the mortality of breast cancer. However, achieving a complete ‘cure’ is the holy grail of cancer medicine and, in many cases, cancer patients still succumb to their ultimate fate. There is therefore a need to devise innovative therapies to overcome this problem. To this end, many emerging therapies utilizing the immune system to eradicate the residues of disease have been described in the preclinical and clinical arenas. However, there is very little work examining the impact of immunotherapy on the existing natural immunity. The relationship between antitumor immunity, in the form of immunotherapy (either passive or active), and current strategies of treatment also needs to be explored. If we are to improve the success of cancer treatment, we must understand how current therapies interact with the immune system and with the emerging immunotherapies. For breast-cancer treatment to be successful, therapeutics should be tailored towards antitumor immunity; they should also avoid tumor-specific tolerance. The sources of information used to prepare this paper were obtained through published work on Pubmed/Medline and materials published on the US/UK governmental agencies' websites.
The role of research in addressing the public health problem of gun violence

While the USA does not have the highest rate of firearm deaths in the world, it does have the highest rate among Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and high-income countries. The latest mass shooting in Newtown Connecticut stirred the country and the world in ways not seen before. Nevertheless, the hope for federal action on meaningful gun legislation has dimmed. How can this toll of gun deaths be reduced? The answers are certainly complex and we need to know more. We believe that research on prevention of firearm violence is an important and necessary part of the solution. Yes, we do know that background checks have had an effect on inappropriate procurement of guns, although private gun sales currently require no background check. Laws mandating a minimum age for gun ownership reduce gun deaths. And we know that requiring …
Admixed Origin of the Kayah (Red Karen) in Northern Thailand Revealed by Biparental and Paternal Markers

This study analyzes the autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) variation and the presence of Y chromosomal haplogroups from 44 individuals of the Kayah or Red Karen (KA) in Northern Thailand. The results based on autosomal STRs indicated that the KA exhibited closer genetic relatedness to populations from adjacent regions in Southeast Asia (SEA) than populations from Northeast Asia (NEA) and Tibet. Moreover, an admixed origin of the KA forming three population groups was observed: NEA, Southern China, and Northern Thailand. The NEA populations made a minor genetic contribution to the KA, while the rest came from populations speaking Sino‐Tibetan (ST) languages from Southern China and Tai–Kadai (TK) speaking groups from Northern Thailand. The presence of six paternal haplogroups, composed of dual haplogroups prevalent in NEA (NO, N, and D1) and SEA (O2 and O3) as well as the intermediate genetic position of the KA between the SEA and NEA also indicated an admixed origin of male KA lineages. Our genetic results thus agree with findings in linguistics that Karenic languages are ST languages that became heavily influenced by TK during their southward spread. A result of the Mongol invasions during the 13th century A.D. is one possible explanation for genetic contribution of NEA to the KA.
In reference to microdebrider‐assisted versus radiofrequency‐assisted inferior turbinoplasty

The authors are grateful to Dr. Lee for his comments on the surgical outcomes between microdebriderassisted inferior turbinoplasty (MAIT) and radiofrequency-assisted inferior turbinoplasty (RAIT) in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis. The authors agree with Dr. Lee’s statement that the surgeons should first classify which type of inferior turbinates their patients have before deciding which technique to use for the hypertrophic inferior turbinates. Basically, the surgical outcomes of inferior turbinoplasty can be related to the type of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. It is meaningful to compare the surgical outcomes of the two different types of surgery based on the same subtype of hypertrophic inferior turbinates. MAIT can reduce submucosal tissue and a portion of the bony tissue of the inferior turbinate. Nonetheless, RAIT can only reduce the submucosal tissue of the inferior turbinate. Therefore, it is reasonable that the surgical outcomes of MAIT are superior to RAIT in patients with bony and mixed hypertrophic inferior turbinate. In our study, we only chose patients with mucosal hypertrophy of inferior turbinates to avoid the confounding factor of reducing bony tissue in patients who underwent MAIT. The method we used to select mucosal hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate was stated in the Materials and Methods section. One hundred and twenty patients with persistent allergic rhinitis, chronic nasal obstruction, and hypertrophic inferior turbinates were enrolled in this study, randomly classified, and underwent either MAIT (n 1⁄4 60) or RAIT. Assessments (visual analogue scale, anterior rhinomanometry, and saccharin test) were conducted prior to surgery and 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years subsequent to surgery. The effect of topical decongestion on nasal resistance was also evaluated. Patients with less than a 35% decrease in unilateral nasal resistance on rhinomanometry, indicating a structural abnormality, such as conchal hypertrophy or conchal bullosa, were excluded from the study. Our results show that the symptom scores, mean total nasal resistance, and mean saccharin transit time all improved significantly at 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery in the MAIT group (P < .05 for all), compared to preoperative values. The same holds true for the RAIT group from 6 months up to 1 year (P < .05 for all), but no improvements from 2 years to 3 years after were noted. The parameters between the two groups did not significantly differ 6 months after surgery, but was noted after 1 year to 3 years (P < .05 for all). Therefore, we concluded MAIT is more effective than RAIT at relieving nasal symptoms and decreasing total nasal resistance and saccharin transit time 1 year to 3 years postoperatively in patients with submucosal hypertrophy of inferior turbinates.
Original Articles

Notch signaling reveals developmental plasticity of Pax4 + pancreatic endocrine progenitors and shunts them to a duct fate 97 Known maternal gradients are not sufficient for the establishment of gap domains in Drosophila melanogaster 108 C. Jopling, J.d. Hertog (The Netherlands) Essential role for Csk upstream of Fyn and Yes in zebrafish gastrulation 129 Retinoic acid regulation of eye and testis-specific transcripts within a complex locus 137 Impaired neural development caused by inducible expression of Axin in transgenic mice 146 Genetic interaction of Gsc and Dkk1 in head morphogenesis of the mouse 157
Review: Genetic research on alcohol use outcomes in African American populations A review of the literature, associated challenges, and implications

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There have been remarkable advances in understanding genetic influences on complex traits; however, individuals of African descent have been underrepresented in genetic research. METHODS We review the limitations of existing genetic research on alcohol phenotypes in African Americans (AA) including both twin and gene identification studies, possible reasons for underrepresentation of AAs in genetic research, the implications of the lack of racially diverse samples, and special considerations regarding conducting genetic research in AA populations. RESULTS There is a marked absence of large-scale AA twin studies so little is known about the genetic epidemiology of alcohol use and problems among AAs. Individuals of African descent have also been underrepresented in gene identification efforts; however, there have been recent efforts to enhance representation. It remains unknown the extent to which genetic variants associated with alcohol use outcomes in individuals of European and African descent will be shared. Efforts to increase representation must be accompanied by careful attention to the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic research. This is particularly true for AAs due to the history of abuse by the biomedical community and the persistent racial discrimination targeting this population. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Lack of representation in genetic studies limits our understanding of the etiological factors that contribute to substance use and psychiatric outcomes in populations of African descent and has the potential to further perpetuate health disparities. Involving individuals of diverse ancestry in discussions about genetic research will be critical to ensure that all populations benefit equally from genetic advances. (Am J Addict 2017;26:486-493).
Urban minority youth swimming (in)ability in the United States and associated demographic characteristics: toward a drowning prevention plan

Objective: To examine swimming ability and variables associated with swimming for US inner-city, minority children. Empirical research on minority children’s swimming ability is non-existent, and drowning rates for this population are high. Design: Cross-sectional survey research. Descriptive statistics were produced. Multiple regression was applied using significant demographic variables by swimming ability. Setting: Six US cities were chosen (Chicago, Illinois; Houston, Texas; Memphis, Tennessee; Miami, Florida; Oakland, California; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) facilities were used to solicit subjects. Subjects: A large sample (n = 1680) was gathered, which targeted poor, minority children. Parents of children aged 4–11 years and adolescents (12–17 years) completed surveys that research team members or trained YMCA staff supervised during non-swimming YMCA programmes. Results: African–American respondents reported a 57.5% “at risk” (unable to swim or uncomfortable in deep end of pool) swimming ability. Hispanic/Latino children confirmed a 56.2% “at risk” level as compared with 30.9% for white subjects. Age, sex, child’s lunch programme, parental education and race variables were all significantly (p<0.05) related to swimming ability. Regression analysis revealed that all demographic variables fell into a significant model (p<0.001) as predictor variables. Conclusions: Poor minority children, specifically African–American and Hispanic/Latino, are at a significant disadvantage concerning swimming ability. Female subjects were notably more “at risk” regarding their swimming ability than male subjects. Age, race and socioeconomic factors (lunch programme and parental education) were significantly associated with children who have low swimming ability.
Avaliação do efeito hipoglicemiante de Cissus sicyoides em estudos clínicos fase II

This study aimed to perform Phase II clinical trials with the infusion of the leaves of Cissus sicyoides L to investigate its therapeutic effectiveness in glucose-intolerant (GIG n = 14) and in type 2 diabetic (GD n = 12) volunteers, 30 to 59 years old, at Hospital Universitario Lauro Wanderley/UFPB. The tea was prepared with 1g of dust falling leaves diluted in 150 mL of hot water for 10 minutes (popular usage), in single doses, for 7 days (acute phase). In the GIG, the interaction between the glicemy and the insulin was verified through two oral tests of glucose tolerance, with and without infusions ingestion. The glicemy and the insulinemy were determined at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours. For GD, the spontaneous variation of glicemy (during fasting and resting periods, at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours), and the glicemic profile (before and 2 hours after meals) were evaluated in the absence and in the presence of the tea. For GIG, the tea of the leaves revealed considerable hypoglycemic activity at 120 minutes; however there was no insulinemy increase, beyond the physiological, suggesting that this effect did not happen because of insulinemys liberation or secretion. For GD, the tea did not demonstrate considerable hypoglycemic activity.