Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Work Environments on Productivity and Satisfaction of Software Engineers

The physical work environment of software engineers can have various effects on their satisfaction and the ability to get the work done. To better understand the factors of the environment that affect productivity and satisfaction of software engineers, we explored different work environments at Microsoft. We used a mixed-methods, multiple stage research design with a total of 1,159 participants: two surveys with 297 and 843 responses respectively and interviews with 19 employees. We found several factors that were considered as important for work environments: personalization, social norms and signals, room composition and atmosphere, work-related environment affordances, work area and furniture, and productivity strategies. We built statistical models for satisfaction with the work environment and perceived productivity of software engineers and compared them to models for employees in the Program Management, IT Operations, Marketing, and Business Program & Operations disciplines. In the satisfaction models, the ability to work privately with no interruptions and the ability to communicate with the team and leads were important factors among all disciplines. In the productivity models, the overall satisfaction with the work environment and the ability to work privately with no interruptions were important factors among all disciplines. For software engineers, another important factor for perceived productivity was the ability to communicate with the team and leads. We found that private offices were linked to higher perceived productivity across all disciplines.
An Interprofessional Study of the Effect of Music as a NonPharmacologicalIntervention on the ABC's (Affect-BehaviorCognition)of Older Adults with Mild or Moderate Dementia

OBJECTIVE: To observe the impact of individualized music listening via headphones on measures of affect, behavior, and cognition/memory in 19 institutionalized nursing home residents with mild or moderate dementia, as well as to examine whether music listening reduces antipsychotic medication utilization. DESIGN: A 7-week observational, naturalistic, non-blinded, feasibility study comparing 4 groups (No music x 4 weeks; No music x 2 weeks followed by Music x 2 weeks; Music x 2 weeks followed by No music x 2 weeks, Music x 4 weeks). SETTING: An extended care facility in Indianapolis, IN. MEASUREMENTS: We administered the following tests at baseline, after two weeks of music or non-music listening and a week after the music intervention period ended: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Index (CMAI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Famous Names Test (FNT), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R). We also assessed changes to scheduled medications related to dementia treatment and to medications known to impact cognitive function to observe the impact of music on medication utilization. RESULTS: Patients who were enrolled in our study improved in their general cognition and retrospective memory across the seven weeks of our study (although the extent of this improvement did not depend on music listening). The four groups (Music, No Music then Music, Music then No Music, and No Music) displayed different patterns of agitation across the course of our study. We did not document any initiation, discontinuation, or other changes to scheduled medications. CONCLUSIONS: This study of music listening did not reveal strong evidence of changes in affect, behavior, or cognition, although it did show trends toward such results, particularly for agitation and memory. The small number of research participants may have limited our power to detect real underlying differences between the patients who listened to music and those who did not. Music did not influence medication utilization, including antipsychotic agents, and this is likely because the changes in agitation we observed were not of sufficient intensity or duration to impact medication regimens on such a short-term basis. Additional or persistent decreases in agitation might affect medication regimens over a longer period of time. Importantly, this feasibility study demonstrated that individualized music from patients’ late teens and early 20s can be safely utilized with elderly patients with dementia in a nursing home setting and provides a supporting foundation to promote additional research with larger populations over longer intervention periods.
THE BIOLOGY OF THE RED-BACKED SALAMANDER (PLETHODON CINEREUS ERYTHRONOTUS GREEN)

In summing up the results of the observations reported above, the writer makes the following statements:1. The red-backed salamander is found throughout all the eastern United States and Canada.2. It lives beneath stones and logs, ranging from rather dry to wet places.3. It is a small salamander, usually about three and one half inches in length.4. It is almost entirely nocturnal. It is quick of motion and a climber; it cannot live in water.5. The food consists mostly of live insects, larvae, worms and spiders.6. Snakes and frogs are probably its greatest enemies.7. The protective devices are autotomy and the secreting of a viscous fluid from the tail.8. The eggs are laid beneath stones in July and early August. One of the parents, usually the female, broods them. The young hatch with three pairs of gills which shrivel in about a day.
Quantifying the Impact of Monolithic 3D (M3D) Integration on L1 Caches

Monolithic 3D (M3D) integration has been recently introduced as a viable solution for fine-grained 3D integration. Since the conventional 3D integration uses relatively large micro-scale through-silicon-vias (TSVs), which causes large TSV area overhead, it is not cost-effective for small micro architectural blocks such as L1 caches. On the contrary, the M3D integration offers nano-scale monolithic inter-tier vias (MIVs) which are much smaller than TSVs. Thus, the M3D integration is known to be even feasible for 3D stacking of small micro architectural blocks, which reduces wire length of the blocks, leading to better performance and energy-efficiency. In this paper, we quantify the architectural impact (in terms of performance, power, temperature, and area) of the M3D integration for L1 caches. In our evaluation, the 8-layer stacked M3D L1 caches show 34.1∼43.2 percent shorter access time than the 2D L1 cache. As a result, the M3D L1 caches improve the performance of SPEC CPU 2006 applications by 9.9 percent (up to 43.7 percent), on average, compared to the conventional 2D L1 caches. Additionally, the 8-layer stacked M3D L1 caches reduce dynamic energy and leakage power by 58.9 percent ∼60.8 percent and 57.9∼59.1 percent, respectively, compared to the 2D L1 cache. Additionally, though 3D stacking inevitably causes higher temperature than 2D baseline, since the M3D integration provides better heat dissipation as well as lower power consumption than the conventional TSV-3D, it reduces peak L1 cache temperature by up to 7.6 ˚C, compared to the TSV-3D.
Elastic properties of graphene-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite: Effects of temperature, stacked, and perforated graphene

In this article, the elastic and shear moduli of the graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Different models have been simulated to study the effect of multilayer graphene sheet, perforation of GS, and temperature on the elastic and shear moduli of resulting nanocomposite. The simulation results show that the elastic and shear moduli of graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum are sensitive to the temperature changes, multilayer, and perforated graphene sheets. The temperature and perforation of graphene sheets exert adverse effects on the elastic and shear moduli of graphene sheet-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites. However, the multilayer graphene sheet leads to favorable effects on the stiffness properties of the nanocomposite. It is also observed that there is only a marginal effect of the chirality of graphene sheet on the out-of-plane shear moduli of the nanocomposite.
Passive Dynamic Bounding Control using Symmetry Condition Control Laws

Legged locomotion is preferred over the wheeled locomotion as it can be used both for flat and rough terrains. Quadruped robots are preferred since they can offer better stability with considerable reliability. In recent years, passive dynamics has been used to obtain near zero-energy bounding gaits. Although theoretically such gaits consume no energy, in practice some additional energy is required to overcome losses. Existence and stability of such gaits have been thoroughly studied in literature for quadruped models with the assumption that the mass distribution and stiffness in the front and back legs are symmetric. Fixed points found using Poincare map indicate touchdown angle-liftoff angle symmetry between front and back legs. This property can be used to search for fixed points with ease. However, the range of initial conditions where the bounding gait is stable is highly limited. Control laws based on symmetry conditions observed are proposed in this paper to improve the stability region. One such control law based on body-fixed touchdown angles theoretically allows redesign of quadruped robot with physical cross coupling between legs to achieve inherent stability without leg actuation.
Epidemiology of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy in which epidemiol- ogy plays an increasingly important role. In recent years, an unprecedented intensive research, including both clinical and molecular epidemiology, has deepened the knowl- edge about its pathogenesis, risk factors, and prognostic factors, leading also to the approval of new drugs. Although the etiology remains largely unknown, among the con- firmed risk factors, only obesity and the exposure to certain carcinogens are potentially preventable. Familial myeloma and occupational myeloma are topics of great interest. Most population-based cancer registries show a stable incidence or only a slight trend to increase. The diagnostic delay should be avoided as much as possible. Mortality rates, including early mortality, are progressively decreasing, although infection remains the leading cause of mortality. The outcome in terms of overall survival and health-related quality of life has remarkably improved, joining the group of potentially curable malignancies. Nowadays the clinical scenario is challenging. Clinical and epidemiological vari- ables of interest should be standardized in clinical records. Patients should be included in a population-based registry network. The clinical coordination of a multidisciplinary team in a specialized unit is needed in order to maximize the outcome of every patient.
System automatycznych pomiarów rynometrycznych (4)

: The purpose of designed system is to analyze and recognize three-dimensional face images. Using known techniques, algorithms and tools I am aiming to retrieve nose parameters directly from 3D scans. Current part is devoted to describe different aspects of point descriptors usage. Wide range of known approaches is explained. Several methods of neighborhood analysis are considered. Distance measure of two descriptors is introduced. Possible methods of quantization are described. At the end, application of Hungarian algorithm for descriptors matching is shown.
Reply to D. Gordon

Gordon quotes Hempel as saying that a property of a whole is emergent if it cannot be explained from what is known of the parts. In a similar vein, the Oxford English Dictionary gives the scientific usage of emergent as "an effect produced by a combination of several causes, but not capable of being regarded as the sum of their individual effects" (Oxford English Dictionary 1989). The opposite of emergent is "resultant. " For example, in physics a force can be resolved into orthogonal vectors. The sum of these vectors is the resultant. If the orthogonal vectors are measured but the sum of these vectors does not equal the observed direction of force, then the observed vector is emergent. In mechanics the situation would not be a common one, but as biologists we know of many examples of such situations. One such situation is given by Lande and Arnold (1983) in their discussion of measuring selection on correlated characters. We may know the intensity of selection on trait A (and its heritability) and the intensity of selection on trait B, but the outcome of selection may not be simply the sum of these two vectors. If there is a correlation between the two traits, then the outcome of selection is not simply the resultant sum of the selection on the independently considered traits but includes some interaction due to linkage, pleiotropy, or common physiological or developmental pathways. I was careful to state in my paper that the experimental evidence for an emergent property of ant activity was found in the relation between the activity of a single isolated worker ant and two isolated worker ants. The activity of two ants, in isolation, is not equivalent to the sum of the activity of two isolated ants. The state of activity of a single ant, in isolation, is a consequence of the internal physiological, hormonal, nutritional, and neural characteristics of this ant. However, by appealing to these characteristics, we cannot predict the activity of two ants when they are allowed to interact. We need to know more about the interaction among ants before we can predict the activity of pairs of ants relative to this particular explanation. By Gordon's definition, this is an emergent property. Gordon's analogy regarding football spectators is not valid. The experiment I performed was equivalent to measuring the amount of cheering of a single spectator isolated in a room and comparing it, not with the cheering in a stadium, but with the cheering of two spectators in the same room, and five spectators, and so forth. I would like to generalize up to an entire colony, but my experimental claims are about the difference between one ant in isolation and two ants in isolation. My final comment is about the utility of the word "emergent. " Appeal to emergent properties has, in the past, led to nearly mystical claims about the
A 5‐yr Record of Aerial Primary Production and Stand Characteristics of Spartina Alterniflora

The purpose of this paper is to document and explain the interannual variability in aboveground primary productivity from salt marshes at North Inlet, South Carolina. A census method of measuring production was applied to salt marsh sites vegetated by the grass Spartina alterniflora, and a statistically significant relationship between stem age and cumulative leaf loss was used to estimate leaf turnover. Aboveground productivity was 2.3 times as large as the positive increment in standing biomass density due to the turnover of stems and leaves, with stem turnover accounting for 33% and leaf turnover 23% of total aboveground productivity. A numerical simulation demonstrated the sensitivity of destructive harvest methods to sampling errors that are propagated by spatial variability. Monthly measurements, made at one site for >5 yr, document a twofold variation in annual aboveground production, which has important implications for the biogeochemistry and trophic dynamics of estauries. Positive correlations i.
Childhood obesity: ‘Super Dynamic Food Dudes’ to the rescue

Globally, there are more than 42 million pre-school children who are overweight or obese (WHO, 2013). This highlights the urgent need to design effective behaviour change interventions that establish a healthy lifestyle where children enjoy eating fruit and vegetables, and being active, during early development. This paper will describe my PhD research of an intervention set to do just that!
A 2.18-pJ/conversion, 1656-μm² Temperature Sensor With a 0.61-pJ·K² FoM and 52-pW Stand-By Power

This letter describes a miniature, ultra low power, all-dynamic temperature sensor based on a duty-cycled resistive transducer bridge and a 9-bit asynchronous SAR ADC in 65-nm CMOS. It features a novel floating bridge technique and automatic power gating to achieve the lowest reported power consumption. It consumes 2.18 pJ per conversion and has an RMS resolution of 0.53 K, leading to an FoM of 0.61 pJ<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot \text{K}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A standby power of 52 pW allows a high power-efficiency, even at low sample rates. It occupies <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$36\times 46\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of chip area and has a sensing range from −20 °C to 120 °C.
Understanding the Quintile Portfolio

The heuristic <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/N$</tex-math></inline-formula> (i.e., equally weighted) portfolio and heuristic quintile portfolio are both popular simple strategies in financial investment. In the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/N$</tex-math></inline-formula> portfolio, a fraction of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/N$</tex-math></inline-formula> of the wealth is allocated to each of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> available assets. In the quintile portfolio, first the assets are sorted according to some characteristics, e.g., expected returns, and then the strategy equally longs the top 20% (i.e., top quintile) and perhaps shorts the bottom 20% (i.e., bottom quintile). Although they have been criticized for their lack of mathematical justification when proposed by practitioners, they have shown great advantage over more sophisticated portfolios in terms of stable performance and easy deployment. In this paper, we reinterpret the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/N$</tex-math></inline-formula> and quintile portfolios as solutions to a mathematically sound robust portfolio optimization under different levels of robustness level in the stocks’ characteristics. A variance-adjusted robustness uncertainty set is also proposed, leading to the inverse-volatility portfolios, whose nonzero weights are inversely proportional to their standard deviation.
Distributed Edge Caching with Content Recommendation in Fog-RANs Via Deep Reinforcement Learning

In this paper, the distributed edge caching problem with dynamic content recommendation is investigated in fog radio access networks (F-RANs). Firstly, the joint caching and recommendation policy is transformed into a ‘single’ caching policy by incorporating the recommendation policy into the cache policy and the corresponding training complexity is halved. Considering that there is no existing user requests dataset involving content recommendation, we propose a time-varying personalized user request model to describe the fluctuant demands of each user after content recommendation. Then, to maximize the long-term net profit of each fog access point (F-AP), we formulate the caching optimization problem and resort to a reinforcement learning (RL) framework. Finally, to circumvent the curse of dimensionality of RL and speed up the convergence, we propose a double deep Q-network (DDQN) based distributed edge caching algorithm to find the optimal caching policy with content recommendation. Simulation results show that the average net profit of our proposed algorithm is increased by nearly half compared with the traditional methods. Besides, content recommendation could indeed accelerate the convergence and increase cache efficiency.
Distributed Joint Receiver Design for Uplink Cell-Free Massive MIMO

The majority of works on cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) adopt uncoordinated transmit/receive strategies at the base stations (BSs) to avoid extensive channel state information (CSI) exchange via backhaul signaling. However, significant performance gains can be achieved by allowing coordination among the BSs. This paper proposes a distributed joint receiver design for uplink cell-free massive MIMO based on over-the air (OTA) signaling, which entirely eliminates the need for backhaul signaling for CSI exchange. The proposed scheme is flexible and scalable, as the amount of OTA signaling does not grow with the number of BSs or user equipments. Numerical results show fast convergence and remarkable performance gains with respect to uncoordinated joint reception.
A Wide Incident Angle, Ultrathin, Polarization-Insensitive Metamaterial Absorber for Optical Wavelength Applications

Polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorbers (MMAs) are currently attracting a great deal of interest throughout the optical region. These kinds of MMAs can be used as energy harvesting, thermal imaging, plasmonic sensor, magnetic imaging, light trapping, optical modulator, and can help to decipher an inherence for the field. Here, a polarization-insensitive ultrathin MMA has been proposed with an extensive incident angular stability for the optical region with a sandwiched three-layer structure. Tungsten (W) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) have been chosen as materials for their various advantages in the optical spectrum with higher temperature stability. The design simulated with the finite integration technique (FIT), and validation of the simulated data is assured with the interference theory model (ITM). Underlying physics of the absorption characteristics and performance of the structure are immensely explained. The design acquired an average absorption of 96.7% from 380nm to 700nm and 96.61% for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. It has a peak absorption of 99.99% at 498.25nm, and over 99% from 460nm to 540nm, due to a very good impedance match with plasmonic resonance characteristics. For both TE and TM mode, it has wide angular independence up to 60°, which can be used for solar cell and solar thermo-photovoltaics (STPV). The various parametric sweep also analyzed for acquiring the geometric shape with a wide bandwidth to find resonance wavelength. As the MMA shifts its resonance wavelength with the change of its dielectric thickness, it can be used as an optical sensor. Changing dielectric in a Pyrex will enable the structure to be used as a light detector. Such outstanding absorption properties render the proposed MMA a successful candidate for the optical wavelength applications mentioned above.
EE Enhancement in FD MIMO Relay System through Adaptive Antenna Allocation and Self-Energy Recycling

In this work, the energy efficiency (EE) of a decode-and-forward (DF) full-duplex (FD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay system is investigated, that employs adaptive antenna allocation (AAA) and self-energy recycling (S-ER). The proposed AAA scheme enhances the EE of the FD relay system by allocating antennas, in an adaptive manner, for information transmission and reception while simultaneously facilitating S-ER at the FD relay. Specifically, the proposed scheme presents a distribution of antennas for transmission and reception of information at the FD relay, which enhances the spectral efficiency (SE) and reduces the circuit power consumption, which consequently increases the EE of the FD relay system. Further, the antennas corresponding to lower channel gains are adaptively utilized to harvest the inherently present self-interference (SI) at the relay node, which further boosts the EE. The closed-form expressions for the SE and EE have been derived for the proposed AAA scheme with S-ER. A good agreement between simulation and analytical results validates the proposed analysis.