Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source of cell injected is a critical factors for short and long engraftment in xeno‐transplantation

Abstract. This study aims to investigate engraftment of human cord blood and foetal bone marrow stem cells after in utero transplantation via the intracoelomic route in the sheep. Here, we performed transplantation in 14 single and 1 twin sheep foetuses at 40–47 days of development, using a novel schedule for injection. (i) Single injection of CD34+ human cord blood stem cells via the coelomic route (from 10 to 50 × 104) in seven single foetuses. (ii) Single injection of CD34+ foetal bone marrow stem cells via the intracoelomic route with further numbers of cells (20 × 105 and 8 × 105, respectively) in three single and in one twin foetuses. (iii) Double fractioned injection (20–30 × 106) via the coelomic route and 20 × 106 postnatally, intravenously, shortly after birth of CD3‐depleted cord blood stem cells in four single foetuses. In the first group, three single foetuses showed human/sheep chimaerism at 1, 8 and 14 months after birth. In the second group, the twin foetuses showed human/sheep chimaerism at 1 month after birth. In the third group, only two out of four single foetuses that underwent transplantation showed chimaerism at 1 month. While foetal bone marrow stem cells showed good short‐term engraftment (1 month after birth), cord blood stem cells were able to persist longer in the ovine recipients (at 1, 8 and 14 months after birth).
Unification via the lambda se-Style of Explicit Substitutions

A unification method based on the λs e -style of explicit substitution is proposed. This method together with appropriate translations, provide a Higher Order Unification (HOU) procedure for the pure λ-calculus. Our method is influenced by the treatment introduced by Dowek, Hardin and Kirchner using the λσ-style of explicit substitution. Correctness and completeness properties of the proposed λs e -unification method are shown and its advantages, inherited from the qualities of the λs e -calculus, are pointed out. Our method needs only one sort of objects: terms. And in contrast to the HOU approach based on the λσ-calculus, it avoids the use of substitution objects. This makes our method closer to the syntax of the λ-calculus. Furthermore, detection of redices depends on the search for solutions of simple arithmetic constraints which makes our method more operational than the one based on the λσ-style of explicit substitution.
Age verification cards fail to fully prevent minors from accessing tobacco products

Background Proper age verification can prevent minors from accessing tobacco products. For this reason, electronic locking devices based on a proof-of age system utilising cards were installed in almost every tobacco vending machine across Japan and Germany to restrict sales to minors. Objective We aimed to clarify the associations between amount smoked by high school students and the usage of age verification cards by conducting a nationwide cross-sectional survey of students in Japan. Methods This survey was conducted in 2008. We asked high school students, aged 13–18 years, in Japan about their smoking behaviour, where they purchase cigarettes, if or if not they have used age verification cards, and if yes, how they obtained this card. Results As the amount smoked increased, the prevalence of purchasing cigarettes from vending machines also rose for both males and females. The percentage of those with experience of using an age verification card was also higher among those who smoked more. Somebody outside of family was the top source of obtaining cards. Surprisingly, around 5% of males and females belonging to the group with highest smoking levels applied for cards themselves. Conclusions Age verification cards cannot fully prevent minors from accessing tobacco products. These findings suggest that a total ban of tobacco vending machines, not an age verification system, is needed to prevent sales to minors.
A further report on the Ostracoda of the United States National Museum

In a previous paper bearing a similar title " a number of species of fresh-water Ostracoda belonging to the U. S. National Museum were briefly discussed, and two presumably new species described. Mosi of these forms were from scattered localities in the United States and Mexico, and represented the known ostracod fauna of these countries but meagerly. Since that paper was published, a number of marine as well as fresh-water forms have come to my hands for study. The marine forms were mostly collected by the U. S. Fisheries steamer Albatross. It therefore remains for me to give an account of these forms, and the present paper offers some results. Four species, apparently new to science, are here figured and described. It also seems wise to
Studies on the structure and distribution of immunoglobulin A-containing cells in the gut of the pig.

In previous studies on the large intestine of man, sheep and monkeys, secretory granules which appeared to contribute to the glycoprotein enteric surface coat were identified in columnar epithelial cells; in human rectum, the epithelial cells with secretory granules were also shown to contain aggregates of immunoglobulin of the class IgA and it was suggested that one determinant of immune competence in the intestines is IgA liberated at the luminal margin from secretory granules in the epithelial cells (Schofield, 1970; Schofield & Atkins, 1970). Recently, immunoglobulin comprising IgA and IgM classes has been shown to be present in both crypt epithelium and plasma cells of the small intestine of the pig (Porter & Allen, 1970; Allen & Porter, 1970). In the present investigation, ultrastructural and histochemical features of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the pig are examined in selected parts of the stomach and intestines.
A Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase-like Gene Mediates Diacylglycerol Esterification in Yeast*

The terminal step in triglyceride biosynthesis is the esterification of diacylglycerol. To study this reaction in the model eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we investigated five candidate genes with sequence conservation to mammalian acyltransferases. Four of these genes are similar to the recently identified acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase and, when deleted, resulted in little or no decrease in triglyceride synthesis as measured by incorporation of radiolabeled oleate or glycerol. By contrast, deletion of LRO1, a homolog of human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, resulted in a dramatic reduction in triglyceride synthesis, whereas overexpression of LRO1yielded a significant increase in triglyceride production. In vitro microsomal assays determined that Lro1 mediated the esterification of diacylglycerol using phosphatidylcholine as the acyl donor. The residual triglyceride biosynthesis that persists in theLRO1 deletion strain is mainly acyl-CoA-dependent and mediated by a gene that is structurally distinct from the previously identified mammalian diacylglycerol acyltransferase. These mechanisms may also exist in mammalian cells.
Survivability - Gefahrenwahrnehmung und Gefahrenbewältigung in Verkehrssituationen

Analysiert man die Situationen, bei denen Polizisten getotet oder verletzt wurden, so gehoren Verkehrssituationen zu den Situationen mit dem grosten Gefahrdungspotenzial. Im Vergleich mit der Gesamtzahl der getatigten Verkehrskontrollen mogen derartige Gewaltereignisse prozentual auserst gering sein. Dies ist typisch fur viele Formen von kritischen Ereignissen. Die — absolut gesehene - Seltenheit von Gefahrensituationen verfuhrt dazu, sich nicht darauf vorzubereiten. Die sich daraus ergebenden Konsequenzen, posttraumatische Storungen, Verletzungen oder Tod, zeigen die Wichtigkeit der Alternative auf: Die Entwicklung eines "psychologischen Radars" fur Gefahrensituationen. Die Situation Verkehrskontrolle hatte folgenden Anteil am Tode deutscher Polizisten, hier im Zusammenhang mit Kfz-Kontrollen (Sessar, Baumann & Muller, 1980): Fehlerhafter Standort bei Kfz-Kontrollen, bspw. das Aufstellen vor der Fahrzeugture, auf dem Trittbrett des zu kontrollierenden Fahrzeugs oder auf der Fahrbahn ohne Ausweichmoglichkeiten; ebenso das Hineinbeugen in das Fahrzeuginnere. = 9,2 % aller Fehler, 7,5 % der gravierendsten Fehler. Man achtet bei Tatern in Autos nicht auf deren Handbewegungen. Der Griff unter den Sitz eines Autos ist zumeist der Griff nach einer dort versteckten Waffe!
Effect of varying nitric oxide release to prevent platelet consumption and preserve platelet function in an in vivo model of extracorporeal circulation

The gold standard for anticoagulation during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) remains systemic heparinization and the concomitant risk of bleeding in an already critically ill patient could lead to death. Normal endothelium is a unique surface that prevents thrombosis by the release of antiplatelet and antithrombin agents. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most potent, reversible antiplatelet agents released from the endothelium. Nitric oxide released from within a polymer matrix has been proven effective for preventing platelet activation and adhesion onto extracorporeal circuits. However, the critical NO release (NO flux) threshold for thrombus prevention during ECC has not yet been determined.1 Using a 4-hour arteriovenous (AV) rabbit model of ECC,2 we sought to find this threshold value for ECC circuits, using an improved NO-releasing coating (Norel-b ). Four groups of animals were tested at variable NO flux levels. Hourly blood samples were obtained for measurement of arterial blood gases, platelet counts, fibrinogen levels and platelet function (via aggregometry). A custom-built AV circuit was constructed with 36 cm of poly(vinyl)chloride (PVC) tubing, a 14 gauge (GA) angiocatheter for arterial access and a modified 10 French (Fr) thoracic catheter for venous access. The Norel-b coating reduced platelet activation and thrombus formation, and preserved platelet function — in all circuits that exhibited an NO flux of 13.65 × 10— 10 mol·cm—2·min—1. These results were significant when compared with the controls. With the Norel-b coating, the NO flux from the extracorporeal circuit surface can be precisely controlled by the composition of the polymer coating used, and such coatings are shown to prevent platelet consumption and thrombus formation while preserving platelet function in the animal. Perfusion (2007) 22, 193—200.
Reflection Characteristics of Center-Feed Single-Layer Waveguide Arrays

The reflection characteristics of large alternating-phase fed single-layer waveguide arrays with center-feeds are investigated to identify the mechanism for bandwidth narrowing effects. Firstly, the overall reflection for the whole array is analyzed by FEM and fine agreement with measurements is demonstrated. It is deviating from the conventional prediction based upon a simple sum of reflections from components in the array, such as the multiple-way power divider, the slot waveguides and the aperture at the antenna input. Careful diagnosis reveals that the mutual coupling between the alternating phase waveguides via external half-space is the key factor in reflection accumulation. Amongst all, the slot with strong excitation whose position depends upon the aperture illumination design produces the dominant contribution in the mutual coupling.
An Optimal Strategy for Comparing File Copies

We study the problem of identifying corrupted pages between two remotely located copies of a file in a distributed system. An efficient deterministic algorithm is presented to identify up to any given number of differing pages. The algorithm requires a single exchange of messages and is based on the structure of the Reed-Solomon code. In order to identify up to f corrupted pages, 2f signatures are transmitted. The algorithm requires less communication costs than previously proposed solutions. In fact, we prove that our algorithm is optimal, in the sense that no other algorithm is guaranteed to identify with probability 1 the corrupted pages by exchanging less information. >
A Valve Design Methodology For Improved Reciprocating Compressor Performance

The current work directly relates valve dynamics to the compressor energy efficiency. Majority of the previous studies have focused on reducing pressure losses due to valve geometry, towards improved compressor performance. On a complimentary note, analyzing the valve ‘flutter’ leads to a holistic valve development methodology. Traditionally, pressure actuated reed valves have been used in reciprocating hermetic compressors on the suction and discharge ports. A characteristic of these valve operation is the multiple opening and closing motions, during a single suction and discharge pulse, often referred to as the ‘valve flutter’. This is more prominent for the suction reed considering the longer (crank-angle) duration of the suction process. The valve dynamics is a highly coupled fluid structure interaction problem. In the present work, the reed valve dynamics has been simplified to a single degree of freedom spring mass system and is captured by a mathematical model within a 15% accuracy range for displacement prediction. Considering the current stage of development, this is within acceptable limits. To validate this model, in-compressor valve lift measurements (direct strain gauge measurements) in a closed loop refrigeration rig have been used. Considering the complexity and time involved with the in-compressor measurements, a simplified framework to characterize the dynamics of reed valves outside the compressor (indirect measurements) has also been proposed and developed. Since the basis of this study is analyzing the characteristic valve dynamics, physics-based transfer functions can translate these measurements to the actual compressor reed motion leading to a faster design cycle. Also, CFD has been used to provide a detailed insight to the flow physics. With all of the above inputs, the mathematical models help identifying key design parameters and help evaluate conceptual designs towards an ideal/ chosen valve response.
Excitation of Plane Waves for FDTD Analysis of Anisotropic Layered Media

The use of total-field/scattered-field (TF/SF) technique to excite plane waves is extended to anisotropic layered media. A split-field form one-dimensional (1-D) auxiliary finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is proposed to generate the incident fields required by total-field/scattered-field technique. The use of split-field technique enables the separate discretization of the field components that propagate in the direction either parallel with or perpendicular to the planar interface during the derivation of 1-D auxiliary FDTD. Simulation results show that maximum leakage errors into the scattered-field region are in the order of -44.6 dB less than the maximum incident field at 30deg incidence for a three-layered medium. The method is proved to be effective for the introduction of plane waves for the FDTD analysis of anisotropic layered media.
Unexpected Deaths and Referrals to Intensive Care of Patients on General Wards – Are Some Cases Potentially Avoidable?

OBJECTIVES (i) To determine the incidence of unexpected deaths occurring on general wards, and whether any were potentially avoidable; (ii) to assess whether the quality of care on general wards prior to admission to intensive care affected subsequent outcome. DESIGN Six-month audit in teaching hospital. Review of medical, nursing and physiotherapy notes, bedside charts and laboratory data in ward patients either dying unexpectedly (i.e. not having a prior 'do not resuscitate' order) or requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Panel assessment of quality of ward care prior to unexpected ward death or ICU admission. SUBJECTS Adult general ward patients admitted to ICU or dying unexpectedly. OUTCOME MEASURES ICU and hospital mortality. RESULTS (i) In the six-month study period, 317 of the 477 hospital deaths occurred on the general wards, of which 20 (6%) followed failed attempts at resuscitation. Thirteen of these unexpected deaths were considered potentially avoidable: gradual deterioration was observed in physiological and/or biochemical variables, but appropriate action was not taken; (ii) in the same period, 86 hospital inpatients were admitted on 98 occasions to the ICU, 31 of whom received suboptimal care pre-ICU admission due either to non-recognition of (the severity of) the problem or to inappropriate treatment. Both ICU (52% vs 35%) and hospital (65% vs 42%) mortality was significantly higher in these patients compared to well managed patients (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with obvious clinical indicators of acute deterioration can be overlooked or poorly managed on the ward. This may lead to potentially avoidable unexpected deaths or to a poorer eventual outcome following ICU admission. Early recognition and correction of abnormalities may result in outcome benefit, but this requires further investigation.
Is your computer being misused? A survey of current intrusion detection system technology

All computer systems are vulnerable to abuse and penetration by both legitimate users who abuse their authority and individuals who are not authorized to use the computer system. Many systems are under development to aid in the detection of these abuses. The capabilities of these 'intrusion detection systems' (IDS) are varied, ranging from tools that provide for the meaningful reduction of audit data to tools that provide in-depth analysis of user and system behavior. The authors have performed a survey of the state-of-the-art in intrusion detection systems. This paper presents a summary of this survey. <<ETX>>
Performance Analysis of Multiple FEC Channel Coding Algorithms for Software Defined Radio Using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

This paper describes the development of a Software Defined Radio (SDR)-based Transceiver simulation model using Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Scheme and analyze its performance using Forward Error Correction (FEC) channel coding algorithms namely the Convolution and the Turbo Codes. This model efficiently evaluates the performance of high data rate multi array M-QAM, schemes. The performance of these FEC codes is evaluated when the system is subjected to noise and interference in the channel. In this design Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel has been considered. The design is analyzed using Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for different M-QAM techniques. The simulation results give a possible solution for future SDR systems which may be used in various wireless communication systems. An experimental result shows that the QAM transceiver achieves the transmission of data at high level accurately. FEC Channel coding scheme is used wherever the re-transmission of the data is not feasible. On the receiver side, this channel coded signal is decoded in order to get back the original data even if the channel coded signal undergoes some interference from the noise in the transmission medium. The Performance is then analyzed in terms of BER for Convolution Coding and Turbo Coding algorithm at a particular value of SNR in LabVIEW graphical programming. Finally, comparison has been drawn based on different parameters between the existing SDR system and the proposed design in this paper to analyze and highlight the effectiveness of the proposed SDR design.
Biochemical Analysis of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Import into Vacuole Import and Degradation Vesicles Reveals a Role for UBC1 in Vesicle Biogenesis*

When Saccharomyces cerevisiae are shifted from medium containing poor carbon sources to medium containing fresh glucose, the key gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is imported into Vid (vacuole import and degradation) vesicles and then to the vacuole for degradation. Here, we show that FBPase import is independent of vacuole functions and proteasome degradation. However, FBPase import required the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc1p. A strain containing a deletion of the UBC1 gene exhibited defective FBPase import. Furthermore, FBPase import was inhibited when cells overexpressed the K48R/K63R ubiquitin mutant that fails to form multiubiquitin chains. The defects in FBPase import seen for the Δubc1 and the K48R/K63R mutants were attributed to the Vid vesicle fraction. In the Δubc1 mutant, the level of the Vid vesicle-specific marker Vid24p was reduced in the vesicle fraction, suggesting that UBC1 is required for either Vid vesicle production or Vid24p binding to Vid vesicles. However, the K48R/K63R mutant did not prevent Vid24p binding to Vid vesicles, indicating that ubiquitin chain formation is dispensable for Vid24p binding to these structures. Our results support the findings that ubiquitin conjugation and ubiquitin chain formation play important roles in a number of cellular processes including organelle biogenesis.
Angiogenesis , Metastasis , and the Cellular Microenvironment Early to Intermediate Steps of Tumor Embolic Formation Involve Speci fi c Proteolytic Processing of E-Cadherin Regulated by Rab 7

The lymphovascular embolus is an enigmatic entity adept at metastatic dissemination and chemotherapy resistance. UsingMARY-X, a human breast cancer xenograft that exhibitsflorid lymphovascular emboli inmice and spheroids in vitro, we established a model where the in vitro transition stages from minced tumoral aggregates to well-formed spheroids served as a surrogate for in vivo emboli formation. MARY-X well-formed spheroids and emboli exhibited strong similarity of expression. The aggregate-to-spheroid transition stages were characterized by increased ExoC5, decreasedHgs andRab7, increased calpains, increased full-length E-cadherin (E-cad/FL), and the transient appearance of E-cad/NTF2, a 95 kDa E-cadherin fragment and increased Notch3icd (N3icd), the latter two fragments produced by increased g-secretase. Both transient and permanent knockdowns of Rab7 in MCF-7 cells increased protein but not transcription of E-cad/FL and resulted in the de novo appearance of E-cad/NTF2, the presence of nuclear E-cad/CTF2, and increased Notch1icd (N1icd). Overexpression of Rab7 conversely decreased E-cad/FL, g-secretase (PS1/NTF), and E-cad/NTF2. Overexpression of calpains did not alter PS1/NTF but decreased E-cad/FL and E-cad/NTF2 and increasedN1icd.Well-formed spheroids showed increased Rab7, absent E-cad/NTF2, decreased PS1/NTF, increased E-cad/NTF1, and increasedN3icd, the latter two fragments being the direct and indirect consequences, respectively, of increased calpains (calpain 1 and calpain 2). Inhibition of calpains decreased E-cad/NTF1 but increased E-cad/NTF2 showing that calpains competewith g-secretase (PS1) for closely located cleavage/binding sites on E-cadherin and that increased calpains can shuttle even decreased levels of g-secretase toNotch 3, resulting in increasedNotch 3 signaling in thewell-formed spheroids.MolCancer Res; 10(6);