Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Conservation in Theory and Practice: A Literature Review

Acknowledgments This collection began as a briefing paper for a workshop of the 1 Currently, collaborative and community-based approaches to natural resources management are being widely promoted in the United States. They are manifested in the increasing numbers of partnerships, consensus groups, community-based collaboratives, watershed councils, and similar groups that are involved in natural resources management. In this report , the movement is referred to as collaborative conservation , but it goes by many different names, including community-based ecosystem management, grassroots ecosystem management, community forestry , community-based conservation, and coordinated resources management. As the collaborative conservation movement has grown, a broad body of literature has both informed and commented upon its expansion. The literature is diverse, coming from many different disciplines, each with its own publications, theoretical constructs, and jargon. This makes for stimulating interactions between different perspectives but also creates some degree of confusion. There is no one database or set of keywords to search, and even the literature that fo-cuses specifically on collaborative conservation uses a bewildering range of terms and approaches. The aim of this document is to bring together a selected, representative sampling of the literature to give the interested reader a beginning on which to base further investigations. This collection began as a briefing paper for a workshop of the Consortium for Research and Assessment of Community-based Collaboratives , held in Tucson, Arizona, in October 1999. The workshop was organized and hosted by the Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy at The University of Arizona and the Institute for Environmental Negotiation at the University of Virginia. Members of the consortium were asked to identify the works they felt were most relevant to discussions of collaborative and community based conservation. Thus, the initial version of this review was built from their lists of recommended sources. A second, much abbreviated version of this report has been published as an appendix in Across the Great Divide: Explorations in Collaborative Conservation in the American West (Brick et al. 2000) and incorporates the suggestions of several of the book's authors. This final, expanded version brings together both of these earlier efforts and supplements them with additional works chosen by the authors. As such, this review represents a synthesis of the recommendations of people with a wide range of personal, professional , and academic backgrounds. The review is presented in two sections. The first section looks at the different theories …
Evaluation of subpixel feature localization methods for precision measurement

This paper provides a review of a number of subpixel estimators classified as moment based, local modelling and reconstruction. Three algorithms are described in detail, one from each class. In the first, the basic centroid method is generalized so that it is applicable to a wider class of problems and the general formulation is applied to develop a subpixel ridge estimator. The second algorithm is a restricted polynomial model and is developed based on the assumption that an edge profile remains invariant in a local neighborhood. The third algorithm uses Gaussian interpolation to perform local image reconstruction. Simulations are performed to measure the performance of these three algorithms under ideal and noisy conditions.
Current and Future Antivirals Medications to Treat Influenza: Mechanisms of Action

Due to significant research efforts in the field of influenza therapy, in the near future we will have a series of new antivirals to treat patients with influenza. Most likely, hospitalized patients with influenza pneumonia as well as other severe forms of influenza will be managed with combination antiviral therapy. During the selection of antivirals, it will be important for physicians to have a clear understanding of the mechanisms of action of anti-influenza medications.
The prevalence and audience reach of food and beverage advertising on Chilean television according to marketing tactics and nutritional quality of products

Abstract Objective In the light of Chile’s comprehensive new restriction on unhealthy food marketing, we analyse food advertising on Chilean television prior to the first and final phases of implementation of the restriction. Design Content analysis of marketing strategies of 6976 advertisements, based on products’ nutritional quality. Statistical analysis of total and child audience reached using television ratings data. Setting Advertising from television aired between 06.00 and 00.00 hours during two random composite weeks across April–May 2016 from the four broadcast and four cable channels with the largest youth audiences. Results Food ads represented 16 % of all advertising; 34 % of food ads featured a product high in energy, saturated fats, sugars and/or salt (HEFSS), as defined by the initial regulation. HEFSS ads were seen by more children and contained more child-directed marketing strategies than ads without HEFSS foods. If HEFSS advertising was restricted only in programmes where 20 % are children aged 4–12 years, 31 % of children’s and 8 % of the general audience’s HEFSS advertising exposure would be reduced. The newest 06.00–22.00 hours restriction captures 80 % of all audience exposure. Conclusions HEFSS advertising was seen by a large proportion of children before Chile’s regulation. Chile’s first implementation based on audience composition should reduce a third of this exposure and its second restriction across the television day should eliminate most of the exposure. The current study is a crucial first step in evaluating how Chile’s regulation efforts will impact children’s diets and obesity prevalence.
ANÁLISE DO CICLO DE VIDA DE PILHAS E A SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL

O objetivo do presente trabalho e apresentar, atraves de um levantamento bibliografico, a definicao de analise do ciclo de vida (ACV) de um produto. Proposta esta que avalia os impactos ambientais causados durante todo o ciclo de vida do produto desde a extracao da materia-prima ate a disposicao do produto e seu retorno ao meio ambiente (do berco ao tumulo). Esta pesquisa teorica foi realizada por estudantes do segundo ano do Ensino Medio da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Parana. O material selecionado para o estudo da ACV foi pilha, comum em uso domestico, sendo que, o conteudo de Eletroquimica esta inserido no curriculo basico dos educandos. Esta analise teve suas limitacoes por se tratar somente de uma pesquisa bibliografica, porem, os discentes compreenderam, atraves da construcao da ACV das pilhas, a importância da inter-relacao entre a ACV e a sustentabilidade ambiental no Ensino de Quimica.
Epidemiological study of cholera in Qazvin city during summer of 2011

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by consuming food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Two main epidemiological characteristic of disease is tendency for create of sudden outbreaks and the ability to causing a pandemic. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of the disease. This survey is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on reports from the health centers and hospitals covered by city health centers. Rectal swab is obtained from all suspected cases. After reporting each positive case, health team was sent to the location and it completed the epidemiological form. Data were analyzed by version 16 of SPSS software. All reported patients were 44 cases. Epidemic lasted from 4 August to 18 September 2011. Ogawa was the predominant pathogenic serosubtype. 47.7% of all patients admitted to the hospital and 52.3% were treated as outpatients. Most of the patients were in age group >60 years and there were no reports of disease in age group under 15 years. 2 of the 44 patients had mild symptoms of diarrhea, 13 patients had moderate and 29 cases had severe diarrhea. Not affection of age groups less than 15 years indicates epidemic patterns of disease in the city. Severity of symptoms is important in case finding; then, in disease surveillance system we should obtain rectal swab specimen from all cases of diarrhea with severe symptoms.
Interpretación de refranes y enfermedad de Alzheimer

Objetivo. Evaluar la ejecucion de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en etapa leve-moderada, en una tarea de abstraccion de material verbal que implica la interpretacion del significado implicito de refranes. Sujetos y metodos. Se realizo un analisis cualitativo-cuantitativo de la ejecucion de 30 pacientes con EA y 30 controles pareados por edad, genero y nivel educativo. Resultados. Los pacientes presentan dificultades significativas para interpretar refranes, al compararlos con los controles. Se encontro una alta correlacion entre los anos de escolaridad de los sujetos y la puntuacion total de la prueba de interpretacion de refranes. Los resultados sugieren que los procesos que pueden verse predominantemente alterados en los pacientes con EA son la investigacion de las condiciones del problema y la seleccion de una alternativa y formulacion de un plan cognitivo para resolver la tarea. Conclusiones. Los resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de las caracteristicas del desempeno de los pacientes con EA en una prueba de interpretacion del significado implicito de refranes y aportan informacion acerca de los procesos que pueden verse predominantemente alterados; sin embargo, es necesario realizar mas investigaciones acerca del tema para obtener explicaciones mas concluyentes.
Primary free fibula reconstruction in life-threatening haemorrhage from high flow arteriovenous malformation of mandible

ABSTRACT Background: High flow arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the mandible is rare, but it can present as a life-threatening emergency with severe intraoral bleeding for the first time. The gold standard of treatment for an AVM of the mandible is selective embolisation combined with resection and subsequent reconstructions. With the advent of advanced multidisciplinary techniques aimed at definitive therapy, surgical resection and primary reconstruction can provide an ideal anatomical and functional cure. There are no previous reports on primary resection and reconstruction for life-threatening haemorrhage from high flow AVM of the mandible. Aim: We discuss our approach aimed at definitive therapy in life-threatening intraoral bleeding from large high flow AVM of the mandible. Subjects and Methods: Four patients were managed for life-threatening intraoral bleeding during 2015–2017. Compression was applied over the bleeding point before the airway could be secured by endotracheal tube. Under general anaesthesia, the external carotid artery (ECA) was temporarily occluded using an umbilical tape loop ligature to control the bleeding. Emergency selective embolisation was done, followed by curative resection and primary mandible reconstruction using free fibula flap. Outcome assessed. Results: Temporary occlusion of the ECA successfully controlled the bleeding immediately and facilitated selective embolisation and definitive therapy. All the four cases were successfully reconstructed with a good outcome. There was no recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusion: In life-threatening intraoral bleeding from large high flow AVM of the mandible, emergency selective embolisation followed by curative resection and primary reconstruction is safe in achieving an ideal cure.
BİLİŞSEL-DAVRANIŞÇI YAKLAŞIMLA BÜTÜNLEŞTİRİLMİŞ SOSYAL BECERİ EĞİTİMİNİN ERGENLERİN SOSYAL KAYGI DÜZEYİNE ETKİSİ

Bu calismanin amaci, bilissel - davranisci yaklasimla butunlestirilmis sosyal beceri egitiminin ergenlerin sosyal kaygi duzeylerine etkisini incelemektir. Arastirmada ontest sontest kontrol gruplu yari deneysel desen kullanilmistir. Arastirma grubu Istanbul’da bir devlet okulunda 6. ve 7. sinifa devam eden ogrencilerden olusmaktadir. Deney grubundaki ogrencilere 12 oturumluk “Bilissel - davranisci yaklasimla butunlestirilmis sosyal beceri egitimi” verilmis, kontrol grubuna ise arastirma kapsaminda herhangi bir uygulamada bulunulmamistir. Katilimcilarin sosyal kaygi duzeylerini belirlemek amaciyla veri toplama araci olarak “Cocuklar Icin Sosyal Anksiyete Olcegi” ve “Capa Cocuk ve Ergenler Icin Sosyal Fobi Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin bulgulari bilissel - davranisci yaklasimla butunlestirilmis sosyal beceri egitiminin ergenlerin sosyal kaygisini azaltmada etkili oldugunu, ve bu etkinin alti haftalik izleme calismasi sonucunda da devam ettigini ortaya koymustur.
HIV-positive gay men’s knowledge and perceptions of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination: A qualitative study

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) living with HIV are disproportionately impacted by HPV-associated anal cancer, with rates about 100-fold that of the general population. Fortunately, HPV vaccination has proven efficacy in preventing both anogenital warts (condyloma) in males and anal pre-cancers (anal intraepithelial neoplasia; AIN) in GBM up to the age of 26. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 25 HIV-positive gay men in Toronto to gain an understanding of their knowledge and experiences related to HPV and the HPV vaccine. These participants were part of The HPV Screening and Vaccine Evaluation (HPV-SAVE) Study, and received invitations to have anal cancer screening from their primary care doctors. Interviews were analyzed following a Grounded Theory Approach. Most participants had not received the HPV vaccine. Men described a lack of prior knowledge of the health consequences of HPV for GBM living with HIV and financial barriers to vaccine access. Participants did not articulate concerns about vaccine safety. Men frequently reported initial beliefs that HPV was predominantly—or exclusively—a risk for females or young girls, and thus they had not considered the vaccine to be necessary. Some participants remained uncertain if the current availability of the vaccine, and their newly acquired knowledge of its importance, was “too little, too late” because of their age and/or HPV exposure. Improving access and uptake of HPV vaccination requires addressing both financial barriers to access as well as increasing HPV health literacy levels, particularly by reframing the long-standing gendered associations of HPV. Physicians should provide clear, tailored messages regarding HPV vaccination.
CoREST Complex-Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Show Prosynaptic Effects and an Improved Safety Profile To Enable Treatment of Synaptopathies

Synaptic dysfunction is a pathological feature in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, and synaptic loss correlates closely with cognitive decline. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in chromatin remodeling and gene expression and have been shown to regulate synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, thus providing an attractive drug discovery target for promoting synaptic growth and function. To date, HDAC inhibitor compounds with prosynaptic effects are plagued by known HDAC dose-limiting hematological toxicities, precluding their application to treating chronic neurologic conditions. We have identified a series of novel HDAC inhibitor compounds that selectively inhibit the HDAC–co-repressor of repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST) complex while minimizing hematological side effects. HDAC1 and HDAC2 associate with multiple co-repressor complexes including CoREST, which regulates neuronal gene expression. We show that selectively targeting the CoREST co-repressor complex with the representative compound Rodin-A results in increased spine density and synaptic proteins, and improved long-term potentiation in a mouse model at doses that provide a substantial safety margin that would enable chronic treatment. The CoREST-selective HDAC inhibitor Rodin-A thus represents a promising therapeutic strategy in targeting synaptic pathology involved in neurologic disorders.
Precocious expression of Blimp1 in B cells causes autoimmune disease with increased self‐reactive plasma cells

The transcription factor Blimp1 is not only an essential regulator of plasma cells, but also a risk factor for the development of autoimmune disease in humans. Here, we demonstrate in the mouse that the Prdm1 (Blimp1) gene was partially activated at the chromatin and transcription level in early B cell development, although mature Prdm1 mRNA did not accumulate due to posttranscriptional regulation. By analyzing a mouse model that facilitated ectopic Blimp1 protein expression throughout B lymphopoiesis, we could demonstrate that Blimp1 impaired B cell development by interfering with the B cell gene expression program, while leading to an increased abundance of plasma cells by promoting premature plasmablast differentiation of immature and mature B cells. With progressing age, these mice developed an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis. Hence, these data identified ectopic Blimp1 expression as a novel mechanism, through which Blimp1 can act as a risk factor in the development of autoimmune disease.
PD-linked CHCHD2 mutations impair CHCHD10 and MICOS complex leading to mitochondria dysfunction

Abstract Coiled‐coil‐helix‐coiled‐coil‐helix domain containing protein 2 (CHCHD2) mutations were linked with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD) and recently, Alzheimer's disease/frontotemporal dementia. In the current study, we generated isogenic human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines harboring PD‐associated CHCHD2 mutation R145Q or Q126X via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) method, aiming to unravel pathophysiologic mechanism and seek potential intervention strategy against CHCHD2 mutant‐caused defects. By engaging super‐resolution microscopy, we identified a physical proximity and similar distribution pattern of CHCHD2 along mitochondria with mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), a large protein complex maintaining mitochondria cristae. Isogenic hESCs and differentiated neural progenitor cells (NPCs) harboring CHCHD2 R145Q or Q126X mutation showed impaired mitochondria function, reduced CHCHD2 and MICOS components and exhibited nearly hollow mitochondria with reduced cristae. Furthermore, PD‐linked CHCHD2 mutations lost their interaction with coiled‐coil‐helix‐coiled‐coil‐helix domain containing protein 10 (CHCHD10), while transient knockdown of either CHCHD2 or CHCHD10 reduced MICOS and mitochondria cristae. Importantly, a specific mitochondria‐targeted peptide, Elamipretide/MTP‐131, now tested in phase 3 clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases, was found to enhance CHCHD2 with MICOS and mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation enzymes in isogenic NPCs harboring heterozygous R145Q, suggesting that Elamipretide is able to attenuate CHCHD2 R145Q‐induced mitochondria dysfunction. Taken together, our results suggested CHCHD2‐CHCHD10 complex may be a novel therapeutic target for PD and related neurodegenerative disorders, and Elamipretide may benefit CHCHD2 mutation‐linked PD.
Hypoxic Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in a Rat Model of Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury: Development of Optimal Protocol to Potentiate Therapeutic Efficacy

Although previous and ongoing clinical studies have used stromal cells during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), there is little consensus regarding the optimal protocol. We aimed to optimize the protocol for hypoxic preconditioned human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (HP-hBMSC) therapy in a rat model of renal IRI. We determined the optimal injection route (renal arterial, renal parenchymal, and tail venous injection), dose (low-dose: 1×106, moderate-dose: 2×106, and high-dose: 4×106), and injection period (pre-, concurrent-, and post-IRI). During optimal injection route study, renal arterial injections significantly reduced the decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as compared to GFRs for the IRI control group, 2 and 4 days after IRI. Therapeutic effects and histological recoveries were the greatest in the group receiving renal arterial injections. During the dose finding study, high-dose injections significantly reduced the decreasing GFR, as compared to GFRs for the IRI control group, 3 days after IRI. Therapeutic effects and histological recoveries were the greatest in the high-dose injection group. While determining the optimal injection timing study, concurrent-IRI injection reduced elevated serum creatinine levels, as compared to those of the IRI control group, 1 day after IRI. Pre-IRI injection significantly reduced the decreasing GFR, as compared with GFRs for the IRI control group, 1 day after IRI. Therapeutic effects and histological recoveries were the greatest in the concurrent-IRI group. In conclusion, the concurrent-IRI administration of a high dose of HP-hBMSC via the renal artery leads to an optimal recovery of renal function after renal IRI.
Interpreters: why should the NHS provide them?

In the UK, as in most other high-income countries in the 21st century, a significant proportion of the population does not have English as their first language, nor is adequately proficient in it. Any encounter with a doctor who does not speak their language (and some do) then depends on some sort of interpretation. Language competence becomes increasingly important as the degree of patient involvement increases, reaching its peak in encounters involving mental illness, matters of behaviour and motivation, and explaining somatic symptoms, where nuances of meaning and subtleties of expression make the difference between shared understanding and total communication failure. All these are the bread and butter of general practice. Patients need to have their complaint understood, and need to understand the doctor’s diagnosis, prognosis, and proffered treatment. Doctors need reciprocally to understand each patient’s problems, including, in the patient-centred model, their ideas, concerns, and expectations, while seeking to ensure that their diagnosis and management plans are understood, are related to the patient’s ideas and beliefs, and that there is agreement about ensuring that the best action follows, often called ‘concordance’. 1 Given the huge effort over the past 50 years in research and teaching directed towards achieving such ‘patient centredness’ when there is a common language,2 it is surprising that so little has been done to address the added barrier of not sharing a common language or culturally-related health beliefs.3,4 In his exhaustive systematic review of 36 articles,3 Flores concluded: ‘. available evidence suggests …