Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Femoral bone mesoscale structural architecture prediction using musculoskeletal and finite element modelling

Through much of the anatomical and clinical literature bone is studied with a focus on its structural architecture, while it is rare for bone to be modelled using a structural mechanics as opposed to a continuum mechanics approach in the engineering literature. A novel mesoscale structural model of the femur is presented in which truss and shell elements are used to represent trabecular and cortical bone, respectively. Structural optimisation using a strain-based bone adaptation algorithm is incorporated within a musculoskeletal and finite element modelling framework to predict the structure of the femur subjected to two loading scenarios; a single load case corresponding to the frame of maximum hip joint contact force during walking and a full loading regime consisting of multiple load cases from five activities of daily living. The use of the full loading regime compared to the single load case has a profound influence on the predicted trabecular and cortical structure throughout the femur, with dramatic volume increases in the femoral shaft and the distal femur, and regional increases at the femoral neck and greater trochanter in the proximal femur. The mesoscale structural model subjected to the full loading regime shows agreement with the observed structural architecture of the femur while the structural approach has potential application in bone fracture prediction, prevention and treatment. The mesoscale structural approach achieves the synergistic goals of computational efficiency similar to a macroscale continuum approach and a resolution nearing that of a microscale continuum approach.
Modelling the Cavity of Continuous Chemical Lasers (CCLs) Using Matlab Applications

The subject that concerns us in this work is the numerical simulation and optimal control of equilibrium of the continuous chemical lasers (CCLs). Laser Chemistry: Spectroscopy, Dynamics and Applications are a carefully structured introduction to the basic theory and concepts of this subject. In this paper we present the design and discuss the performances of a continuous DF chemical laser, based on the exothermic reaction: F+D2→DF(v,j)+D
Variations of fluid pressure within the subducting oceanic crust and slow earthquakes

We show fine‐scale variations of seismic velocities and converted teleseismic waves that reveal the presence of zones of high‐pressure fluids released by progressive metamorphic dehydration reactions in the subducting Philippine Sea plate in Tokai district, Japan. These zones have a strong correlation with the distribution of slow earthquakes, including long‐term slow slip (LTSS) and low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs). Overpressured fluids in the LTSS region appear to be trapped within the oceanic crust by an impermeable cap rock in the fore‐arc, and impede intraslab earthquakes therein. In contrast, fluid pressures are reduced in the LFE zone, which is deeper than the centroid of the LTSS, because there fluids are able to infiltrate into the narrow corner of the mantle wedge, leading to mantle serpentinization. The combination of fluids released from the subducting oceanic crust with heterogeneous fluid transport properties in the hanging wall generates variations of fluid pressures along the downgoing plate boundary, which in turn control the occurrence of slow earthquakes.
Jointly Optimal Taxes for Different Sources of Income

We analyze a setting in which the government can impose different tax schedules on distinct types of income, such as wage, capital or self-employment income. Compared to standard optimal income tax formulas, optimal schedular income tax rates additionally depend on cross-elasticities between tax bases capturing fiscal externalities. We take an empirical approach and calculate income source specific optimal tax rates for Germany using rich panel data from administrative tax records. First, we provide evidence that responses to taxes differ significantly by income source. Second, we calculate marginal social welfare weights implicit in the German personal income tax schedule accounting for differences in the responsiveness across income types. We show that average welfare weights differ significantly between income sources. Using these estimates, we calculate optimal linear income tax rates for Germany. We find that optimal tax rates are significantly lower for wage income than for income from self-employment and capital. We discuss how our estimates vary with the size of fiscal externalities across tax bases. JEL Classificiation: H21, H24, H26
Impacts of prescribed fire on water use efficiency and photosynthetic capacity in upland pine and oak forests

PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY IN UPLAND PINE AND OAK FORESTS by NICHOLAS J. CARLO A thesis submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Graduate Program in Environmental Science written under the direction of Dr. Karina V.R. Schafer and approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________
A Decision-Making Framework for Networked Multiagent Systems

pUBlICATIONS_STANdARdS/pUBlICATIONS/RIGhTS/INdEx.hTMl fOR MORE INfORMATION. T his article proposes an architecture for an intelligent surveillance system, where the aim is to mitigate the burden on humans in convent ional sur vei l lance systems by incorporating intelligent interfaces, computer vision, and autonomous mobile robots. Central to the intelligent surveillance system is the application of research into planning and decision making in this novel context. In this article, we describe the robot surveillance decision problem and explain how the integration of components in our system supports fully automated decision making. Several concrete scenarios deployed in real surveillance environments exemplify both the flexibility of our system to experiment with different representations and algorithms and the portability of our system into a variety of problem contexts. Moreover, these scenarios demonstrate how planning enables robots to effectively balance surveillance objectives, autonomously performing the job of human patrols and responders.
Direction of Arrival Using Uniform Circular Array based on 2-D MUSIC Algorithm

This study presents the conception, simulation, realisation and characterisation of a patch antenna for Wi-Fi. The antenna is designed at the frequency of 2.45 GHz; the dielectric substrate used is FR4_epoxy which has a dielectric permittivity of 4.4. this patch antenna is used to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) using 2-D Multiple Signal Classification (2-D MUSIC) the case of the proposed uniform circular arrays (UCA). The comparison between Uniform circular arrays and Uniform Linear arrays (ULA) demonstrate that the proposed structure give better angles resolutions compared to ULAs.
Willy Astors Promi-WG: Zur phonetischen Signalisierung von Wortspielen

Willy Astor gehört zweifellos zu den deutschsprachigen Kabarettisten mit einer besonders ausgeprägten Sensibilität für Sprache. Er hat sichtlich Freude am filigranen Spiel mit Sprachlautung. Ein Beispiel für seinen virtuosen Umgang mit Lautähnlichkeiten ist der Teil seines Programms, der unter dem Rubrum „PromiWG“ bekannt geworden ist. Der Beitrag besteht aus dem lautlichen Spiel mit den Namen von 51 Prominenten, die teils lautlich übernommen, aber rekontextualisiert und teils lautlich reinterpretiert werden. Ein Beispiel für ersteren Fall ist Claus Theo Gärtner, dessen Vorname beibehalten und Nachname zur Berufsbezeichnung umgedeutet wird („Der Claus Theo war unser Gärtner“). Der zweite Fall wird z. B. durch Morgan Freeman repräsentiert, dessen Name als „morgen früh mähn“ uminterpretiert wird. Dieser Sketch wird im Folgenden unter zwei Aspekten analysiert. Zum einen geht es darum, welche Namensbestandteile (Vorname, Nachname, Vorund Nachname) in welcher Weise „bespielt“ werden, zum zweiten, was aus phonetischer Sicht mit den Namen passiert, d. h. konkret, welche Mechanismen bei der Umdeutung der Namen zur Anwendung kommen und wie stark die Namen verfremdet werden können, ohne dass die gewünschte Publikumsreaktion ausbleibt.
Sheep Associated Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever

INTRODUCTION Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), or more commonly known as snotsieke in South Africa, is a viral disease of cattle and other susceptible ungulates, following an infection with viruses of the genus Macavirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. The two viruses of greatest clinical importance are alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). Cattle are susceptible to infection with both AlHV-1 (wildebeest-associated MCF or WAMCF) and OvHV-2 (sheep-associated MCF or SAMCF).
Dynamic analysis of a beam resting on an elastic half-space with inertial properties

This work gives a semi-analytical approach for the dynamic analysis of beams and plates resting on an elastic half-space with inertial properties. Such calculations have been associated with significant mathematical challenges, often leading to unrealizable computing processes. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed analysis of Green’s function defining surface displacements of such a space in the contact zone with structures, which allows determination of reactive forces and other physical responses. The obtained solutions can be applied to (i) study dynamic interaction between soil and structures, (ii) determine transient wave fields caused by a seismic source, and (iii) assess numerical computations with different numerical methods programs. Natural frequencies, natural shapes, and the dynamic response of a beam due to external harmonic excitation are determined. Eigenfrequencies and Eigenshapes are presented. Validation with a Boussinesq problem illustrates the inertia effect on the results of the dynamic analysis.
A Poisson Solver Based on Iterations on a Sylvester System

We present an iterative scheme for solving Poisson’s equation in 2D. Using finite differences, we discretize the equation into a Sylvester system, AU +UB = F, involving tridiagonal matrices A and B. The iterations occur on this Sylvester system directly after introducing a deflation-type parameter that enables optimized convergence. Analytical bounds are obtained on the spectral radii of the iteration matrices. Our method is comparable to Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) and amenable to compact programming via vector/array operations. It can also be implemented within a multigrid framework with considerable improvement in performance as shown herein.
Government Audit Materiality (Part Two): Conceptual and Practical Implications of a Qualitative Materiality Framework: Seven Case Studies and a Comparative Conceptual Work

This research is methodological in seeking a framework in assessing materiality in government auditing. The question pilots this research is: what qualitative factors are applied in government audit materiality judgment? Conceptualizing experience and knowledge of some senior government auditors, this research generates a framework comprising five qualitative factors in judging materiality in government audit. This framework is compared to prior conceptual works, and is tested in a range of realistic audit cases provided by different Chinese local audit offices. The testing results suggest the feasibility and generality of this framework in Chinese government audit context. And this framework is expected to contribute to the development of government audit standards on materiality.
Empirical Investigation of Fiscal Policy Shocks in the UK

This article examines fiscal policy shocks in the UK through using a Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) model which applies Mountford and Uhlig (2009) type sign-restriction. It investigates the impact of three fiscal policy experiments on macroeconomic variable. Specifically, the Deficit-Financed Spending Increase (DFSI), the Deficit-Financed Tax Cut (DFTC), and the Balanced-Budget Spending Increase (BBSI). The results show that, the policy conclusion differs according to the period under investigation.
Designing Sustainable Launch Systems: Flexibility, Lock-In and System Evolution

NASA has recently made the decision to develop a heavy lift launch system with ShuttleDerived components, but myriad questions remain about technical design and development strategy. The complexity of heavy lift launch systems and their interconnectedness to the rest of the exploration architecture ensures that near-term architectural design decisions will greatly affect long-term options for future space exploration. This paper uses Real Options valuation to compare two possible development plans for a heavy lift launch system. Taking into account cost profiles, capacity, and uncertainty in demand, various heavy lift vehicle strategies are presented and evaluated along plausible development paths. These strategies can be framed as Shuttle-Derived-Architectures with "options" to change capability in the face shifting demand and risk tolerance scenarios. Initial results suggest that life-cycle optimality is heavily dependant on schedule uncertainty, while less sensitive to lunar and mars mission architectures and initial mass in low earth orbit (IMLEO). Future work will involve more detailed analysis of switching options and switching costs, as well as a more comprehensive network model of switching decisions in order to compare more vehicle configurations.
Sanitation, Water Quality, and Antibiotic Resistance Dissemination

M. Quintela-Baluja, C.W. Chan, M. Ezzat Alnakip, M. Abouelnaga and David W. Graham 1 School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences. Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 2 Sir Joseph Swan Centre for Energy Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 3 Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt 4 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology. University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Stakeholders perception on the effectiveness of internal control system on financial accountability in the Nigerian public sector

Internal control system plays a key role in the assurance chain towards financial accountability. However, literature expressed that abuse, error and wastes are common place in the Nigerian public sector. Incidentally, literature has not provided sufficient evidential matter as to why these problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is toprovideevidence on the perception about the effectiveness of internal control system on financial accountability in the Nigerian public sector. Data were gathered through the distribution of two hundred and fifty (250) copies of questionnaire, the responses were analyzed to test the hypotheses.This study is anchored on statistical test of formulated hypotheses based on the Pearson Product Moments Correlation Coefficient ‘r’. Findings from this study show that there is significant correlation both in the perception of respondents that internal control system in the Nigerian public sector affects financial accountability and in the fact that application of penalty for breach of ethical conduct affects compliance with internal control.It is along the line of these findings that the study concluded that government should take a principled approach in recognition of the need for an effective internal control orientation backed up by stiff application of penalty in the Nigerian public sector. These findings provide important management information, and can ideally be used to improve on public governance. Keywords––Accountability, Effectiveness, Compliance, Internal Control, Nigeria, Public Sector
A Preliminary Exploration of Memory Controller Policies on Smartphone Workloads

This thesis explores memory performance for smartphone workloads. We design a Video Conference Workload (VCW) to model typical smartphone usage. We describe a trace-based methodology which uses a software implementation to mimic the behaviour of specialised hardware accelerators. Our methodology stores dataflow information from the original application to maintain the relationships between requests. We first study seven address mapping schemes with our VCW, using a first-ready, first-comefirst-served (FR-FCFS) memory scheduler. Our results show the best performing scheme is up to 82% faster than the worst. The VCW is memory intensive, with up to 86.8% bandwidth utilisation using the best performing scheme. We also test a Web Browsing and a set of computer vision workloads. Most are not memory intensive, with utilisation under 15%. Finally, we compare four schedulers and find that the FR-FCFS scheduler using the Write Drain mode [8] performed the best, outperforming the worst scheduler by 6.3%.
GrB-TWEAK: A Potential Novel Biologic for NSCLC Therapy

Abstract : Our laboratory research is focused on the potential roles of the TNF-related cytokine named TWEAK and its specific cell surface receptor named Fn14 in tumor biology. We reported previously that the Fn14 gene is expressed at low levels in normal lung tissue but highly expressed in many non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Additionally, in collaboration with Dr. Rosenblum s research group at MD Anderson Cancer Center we have successfully developed several Fn14-targeted fusion proteins that exhibit cytotoxic activity on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In this Lung Cancer Idea Award application we proposed to test the effects of these fusion proteins on NSCLC cell viability. During the current funding period we have been able to demonstrate that two different Fn14 targeted proteins that use granzyme B (GrB) as the cell killing agent (TWEAK-GrB, GrB-Fc-IT4) exhibit proapoptotic activity when added to numerous Fn14-positive NSCLC cell lines.
Relationships of Trichoderma spp . Quantity in soil to ReDuCinG the DampinGoff in tobaCCo seeDlinGs

GVEROSKA, B. , 2013. Relationships of Trichoderma spp. quantity in soil to reducing the dampingoff in tobacco seedlings. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 19: 666-674 The study was conducted to investigate the quantity of Trichoderma spp. , its reducing effect on the damping off in tobacco seedling and find the most efficacious application way of biocontrol agent. Some variants of application of biocontrol agent and following applications were used. Variants with fungicide, alone or together with Trichoderma, as well as no sterilized soil and manure, were also included. There is high population density of Trichoderma spp. when it is applicated by seed and treating the soil before sowing evens the soil and manure for mulching. These variants have the best results -the smallest intensity of the damping-off in seedlings. The level of a disease control in variants with a fungicide treatment and that by Trichoderma was equal or more effective in case of Trichoderma. When the biocontrol agent is applicated after growing up the seedlings, there is a smaller amount of BCA than application before sowing. The investigations have shown that bigger Trichoderma spp. quantity has a positive effect on reducing disease intensity in tobacco seedlings caused by R. solani. The model of BCA application with sowing (by seed and treating the soil or soil and manure for mulching) and several applications during the growing period are recommended for dampingoff control in tobacco seedling.
Faceted Search using Bootstrap List Extraction Method

The traditional way of interaction between users and search engines has changed a lot by the invention of faceted search. Earlier, the user had to enter keywords on search engines and the search engine returns a set of web pages on the basis of input keyword. The user has to traverse through these web pages to identify the relevant information. Also, the search results are multifaceted which further reduces clarity in the results. The proposed system presents a systematic solution for finding query facets from top results on search engines by utilizing list extraction algorithm. This helps the users to find the right information without searching a large number of pages. The paper proposes Bootstrap technique in the list extraction phase which will add more results into the extracted list.
Simulating Solar Forecasting for Energy Market Decision Models

Today’s energy markets are increasingly challenged by the uncertainty of supply inherently associated with weatherdependent energy resources [1]. Market participants’ behaviour depends on the available forecasts. Current models of market participants’ behaviour are based either on perfect foresight assumptions, or on a single forecast, usually 24 hours ahead of time. In reality, consecutive, increasingly more reliable forecasts become available closer to real time. These improvements affect consecutive decisions of market participants. For energy market modelling, usually only historical data, not the preceding forecast are available. Limited amount of work currently exists on simulating consecutive, increasingly more reliable forecasts from the available historical data. This paper details and analyses a statistical approach to solar forecasting based on historical data, for multiple forecasts, up to several days in advance.
How Do Investment Ideas Spread through Social Interaction? Evidence from a Ponzi Scheme

A unique dataset from a large Ponzi scheme shows that investment ideas can spread epidemically through social contagion. Investors could join the scheme only by personal invitation from an existing member, and I can observe how the idea spreads from one person to the next based on the inviter-invitee relationships. The social network has so-called scale-free connectivity structure where the distribution of the number of invited people approximately follows a power law. The structure differs significantly from randomly formed networks and explains why word-of-mouth information can spread rapidly even if the average investor does not share it with many others.
Determinants of voluntary audit and voluntary full accounts in micro- and non-micro small companies in the UK

This study investigates the link between the auditing and filing choices made by a sample of 592 small private companies, which includes 419 micro-companies. It examines decisions made in connection with the 2006 accounts following UK's adoption of the maximum EU size thresholds in 2004, and the impact of the proposed Directive on the annual accounts of micro-companies. The research extends the model of cost, management and agency factors associated with voluntary audit, and develops a complementary model for voluntary full accounts. The results show the benefits of placing full audited accounts on public record that outweigh the costs for a significant proportion of companies. In non-micro small companies, voluntary audit is determined by cost and agency factors, whereas in micro-companies it is driven by cost, management and agency factors. In both groups, the predictors of voluntary full accounts include management and agency factors, and choosing voluntary audit is one of the key factors. The study provides models that can be tested in other jurisdictions to provide evidence of the needs of micro-companies, and the discussion of the methodological challenges for small company researchers in the UK makes further contribution to the literature.