Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conservation and management of northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean maerl beds

1. Maerl beds occur worldwide and are formed by an accumulation of unattached calcareous red algae (Rhodophyta). 2. Maerl-forming algae grow in a superficial living layer on sediments within the photic zone. 3. Maerl beds are spatially complex habitats with a high degree of species and trophic group diversity. 4. The European Commission’s ‘Habitats Directive’ mandates the conservation management of two of the main European maerl-forming species, Phymatolithon calcareum and Lithothamnion corallioides. 5. Mediterranean maerl beds are to be considered for inclusion in national inventories of sites of conservation interest, as required by the SPABIM Protocol of the Barcelona Convention. 6. In spite of their importance, and the requirement for their conservation management, European maerl grounds suffer a variety of anthropogenic perturbations including direct exploitation through extraction, fishing impacts and chemical pollution by organic matter and excess nutrients. 7. The ecology of northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean maerl beds has received little attention, in contrast to other marine communities (e.g. kelp forests, sea-grass meadows). * Correspondence to: P.G. Moore, University Marine Biological Station Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, KA28 0EG, UK. E-mail: pmoore@udcf.gla. ac.uk Authorship alphabetical: cite as BIOMAERL team Coordinator 8. Key conservation and management measures proposed include: the recognition that maerl beds are non-renewable resources and cannot sustain direct exploitation; prohibitions on the use of towed gear on maerl grounds; moratoria on the issue of further permits for the siting of aquaculture units above maerl grounds; monitoring of existing exploited or impacted maerl beds; the designation of ‘no-take’ reserves; measures to limit the impacts that might affect water quality above maerl beds; a programme of monitoring of the ‘health’ of European maerl beds; an awareness campaign on the biological importance of maerl beds; a higher conservation status for maerl habitats and maerlforming species in European legislation; and further research on maerl ecosystems. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efeitos a curto e longo prazo do aleitamento materno na saúde infantil

El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar en la literatura los efectos, a corto y largo plazo, de la lactancia materna sobre la salud infantil. La colecta de informaciones fue realizada en revistas cientifi cas indexadas en las bases de datos Highwire, Science Direct, Scielo y Medline. Fue comprendido el intervalo de 1980 a 2008, incluyendo tambien articulos seleccionados a partir de las referencias bibliografi cas de los primeros trabajos analizados. Las palabrasclave usadas fueron: “lactancia materna”, “nino”, “obesidad”, “hipertension”, “dislipidemias”, “diabetes” y “cancer”. Los estudios destacan la importancia de la lactancia materna en la salud infantil, ya que, junto con los benefi cios de corto plazo, ampliamente divulgados en la literatura, tambien se observan efectos benefi cos a largo plazo en la salud de los ninos, tales como menor incidencia de obesidad, de hipertension arterial, de dislipidemias, de diabetes y de cancer. Sin embargo, todavia existen controversias sobre los resultados de largo plazo. Las limitaciones de los trabajos cientifi cos ocurren, principalmente por el reducido tamano de la muestra, la incerteza en relacion al recordatorio del tiempo de lactancia y las diferentes defi niciones de lactancia, (exclusiva o total o ambas). Ademas, nuestra comprension cuanto a los mecanismos fi siologicos relacionados a la lactancia y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular son aun muy limitados. Aunque los estudios revelen un modesto efecto protector de la leche materna, son necesarias defi niciones y medidas precisas entre los estudios que permitan un mejor entendimiento de la compleja relacion de este alimento en la reduccion del aparecimiento de enfermedades cronicas en la infancia
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON THE YIELD, YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF LENTIL

A field experiment was conducted at the Pulse Research Sub-station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to evaluate the effectiveness of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in terms of growth and yield maximization of lentil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) having six treatments with three replications. The treatments were T1= Recommended dose (N20P15K30S10Zn3B1.5 kg ha), T2= IPNS (Inorganic) +2.5 t ha cowdung, T3= IPNS (Inorganic) +5 t ha cowdung, T4= IPNS (Inorganic) +1.5 t ha poultry manure, T5= IPNS (Inorganic)+3 t ha poultry manure and T6= Control. The results reveal that the integrated nutrient management had significant effects on the plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield of lentil. The maximum seed yield (1216 kg ha) as well as protein content (26.1%) were recorded with T4 treatment. The results advocate that satisfying the recommended dose through application of poultry manure @ 1.5 t ha with IPNS inorganic fertlizer could be suggested for achieving yield miximization of lentil in chhiata soil series of Gazipur.
RESULTS-ORIENTED PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT: WILL IT REDUCE POVERTY FASTER?

The Millennium Development Goals set ambitious targets – for example halving the 1990 rate of income poverty, reducing the 1990 rate of child mortality by two-thirds and enabling all children to complete primary school by 2015. Many of the poor countries of the world which face the greatest challenge in reducing poverty have now produced their own Poverty Reduction Strategies, in which they set their own objectives and targets for moving in the direction of the Goals, while respecting the priority needs of their own populations. In many cases, these Strategies build on pre-existing results-oriented medium-term frameworks for sector development and public expenditure. The broad consensus among donors is that their aid will be most effective in combating poverty if used in support of Poverty Reduction Strategies, often in the form of budget support. But public expenditure programmes in the social sectors have a mixed record for efficiency, effectiveness and poverty-relatedness. More of the same would not do enough to achieve ambitious targets.
Educating and Encouraging the Use of 123 Social Emergency Services in Suicidal Subjects

Background an Suicide is a g Organization ( development of can help provid Therefore, this Social Emergen Materials and by a descriptiv to Baharlo Hos to use the 123 also followed u The results wer Results: The re during the cou completely sat effective, while people had atte Conclusion: Th on the use of c follow-ups afte increasing the and knowledge event of a crisis Conflicts of int Funding: None Cite this arti Ghanbari B, K Suicidal Subje
The Morita context for Hom-L-R-smash product

In this paper, let (H,αH) be a Hom-Hopf algebra and (A,αA) be an (H,αH)-Hom bimodule algebra with αH , αA bijective maps. We give the Morita context [AbiH ,AbiH AA]H ,A]H AAbiH , A]H] between A biH and Hom-L-R-smash product A]H. Mathematics Subject Classification: 17B63, 16S10
The Effectiveness of Metacognitive Strategies Training on Cognitive Failure in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The purpose of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of meta-cognitive strategies training on the cognitive failure in patients with general anxiety disorder (GAD). This quasi-experimental design consisted of two groups, with pre-test/ posttest and the control group. Considering the experimental nature of the research and also, with regards to the drop in the number of 30 people (15 in each group), patients with generalized anxiety disorder (DSM-5) were selected according to the available criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups according to entry requirements. In both groups, the scale of Broadbent et al. Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) was carried out. Then, the experimental group underwent metacognitive strategies in 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any training. At the end, the same questionnaire was administered in both groups. The results of the two groups were evaluated in two stages using relevant statistical tests. Multivariate covariance analysis showed that meta-cognitive strategies training significantly reduces cognitive failure and its subscales (distraction, memory defects and inadvertent errors) in patients with general anxiety disorder (P 0/05). Despite the differences in the scores of cognitive failures in the group studied, it is recommended to use metacognitive strategies to reduce the symptoms of cognitive impairment in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
Application of a SCARA Manipulator with a Visual System in Industries

Generally, robotic arms are applied to settled and repetitive processes or high-risk tasks. In recent years, the robotic arms combined with sensors are developed to support rapidly variable operations gradually. This study was intended to investigate the integration of a SCARA robotic arm and a conveying system. The idea is to allow the robotic arm to pick up an object accurately and place it at the predetermined location as the object is transported horizontally on a conveyor belt to approach the working range of the arm while the conveyor belt works independently. Two GS-2744B magnetic sensors and MGL-50 magnetic strips were used in the system as the visual system and the switch to activate and deactivate the SCARA arm. A coordinate conversion algorithm was used to locate the origin of the visual system and that of the robotic arm at the same location. The objects’ planar coordinates were calculated and transmitted to the arm through a RS232 interface. At the end of the arm an MCHB-32 parallel gripper was installed to snatch objects. The actual experiment shows that the arm travelled steadily with the conveyer belt and performed gripping at various conveyer speeds. When an object to be identified was placed at a different location, the arm recognized and operated in a corrected angle. Ultimately, the arm was able to track the object, grip and place it at the designated location, and a very stable result was achieved as the arm travelled along the predetermined path.
Confidence Statements for Ordering Quantiles

This work proposes Quor, a simple yet effective nonparametric method to compare independent samples with respect to corresponding quantiles of their populations. The method is solely based on the order statistics of the samples, and independence is its only requirement. All computations are performed using exact distributions with no need for any asymptotic considerations, and yet can be run using a fast quadratic-time dynamic programming idea. Computational performance is essential in high-dimensional domains, such as gene expression data. We describe the approach and discuss on the most important assumptions, building a parallel with assumptions and properties of widely used techniques for the same problem. Experiments using real data from biomedical studies are performed to empirically compare Quor and other methods in a classification task over a selection of high-dimensional data sets.
Ination Persistence and Optimal Positive Long-run Ination

Within New Keynesian economics, the optimality of a monetary policy that aims at zero ination is surprisingly robust. Full price stability is optimal despite the ine¢ciency of the nonstochastic steady state and the existence of a positively sloped long-run Phillips-curve trade-o¤. Even under ination persistence due to backward-looking price indexation by price setters, zero ination remains optimal. We show how backward-looking rule-of-thumb behaviour by price setters results in optimal positive long-run ination. Comparing theoretical explanations for structural ination persistence, the features that seem capable of delivering an endogenously optimal positive ination target are costly disination, long-run Phillips-curve trade-o¤, and steady-state distortions. JEL classi cation: E31, E52. Keywords: Optimal monetary policy, ination persistence. I am very grateful to Michael Woodford for his comments on the rst draft of this paper. I am grateful to Campbell Leith, Anton Muscatelli, and Patrizio Tirelli for valuable suggestions and comments. I thank Ioana Moldovan and Jon Steinsson. If there are errors, I am solely responsible. Special thanks to those who know for love and game. E-mail: dario.pontiggia@unimib.it, 0412182p@student.gla. ac.uk. Address: Adam Smith Building, 40 Bute Gardens, G12 8RT, Glasgow, UK.
Identification of Genes for Wheat Fungal Resistance Using Bioinformatics Techniques

For the majority of world populations, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) would be the first essential and economic cereal grain crop. Pests and pathogens in both rich and developing countries are constantly threatening wheat production and sustainable development. Multiple gene pathways were recorded to share an association with fungal pathogens with wheat biological resistance. Our aim to use such tools in order to detect and classify fungal resistance genes in wheat through sequence alignment, protein domain identification and phylogenetic analysis. In addition the introduction for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for such genes in the new primer database. Approximately 138 sequences of DNA were recovered from the wheat genome by aligning 3845 anti-fungal amino acids through tblastn tool. The NCBI blastn online tool used to detect sequences with functional genes, where 92 genes have been detected. The total number of nucleotides was 48385, where the smallest DNA sequence have 302 bp and the longest contains 977 bp with an average length of 525.9 bp per sequence. The wheat chromosomes 3D, and 4B have the highest number of sequences (9) followed by chromosomes 3B (7) and 3A(6), where wheat genomes A, B and D have 30, 35 and 27 genes, respectively. Five different amino acids motifs have been revealed among studied wheat amino acid sequences. The gene annotation tools used to infer studied amino acid gene annotation. Amino acid sequences belongs to lectin, kinase, tyrosine-protein kinase (STK), thaumatin, and cysteine-rich repeats representing 2, 9, 8, 19, 23 genes respectively, in addition to 31 hypothetical genes. The proteins chemical content have been assessed through 16 different amino acid chemical and physical characteristics.
Comments on "When Do Policy Reforms

Questions of the effectiveness of economic policy reform are inseparable from the political economy factors responsible for distortionary policies in the first place. Distortionary policies are more likely to be adopted where politicians face fewer constraints. Hence reform should have modest effects in societies where the political system already imposes strong constraints, and in societies with weak constraints, because it does not alter the underlying political economy. Reform should be most effective in societies with intermediate constraints. Furthermore, effective reform in one dimension may lead to deterioration in others, as politicians address the underlying demands through other means—a phenomenon we call the seesaw effect. We report evidence that central bank reforms reduced inflation in countries with intermediate constraints but had no or little effect where constraints were strong or weak. We also present evidence consistent with the seesaw effect: in countries where central bank reform reduces inflation, government expenditure tends to increase. I and policy reforms are often promoted as a way to improve economic performance and growth in poor countries. Reforms that have received substantial attention over the past decade or so include opening to trade, financial liberalization, judicial reform, privatization of state enterprises, reduction of entry barriers, tax reform, removal of targeted industrial subsidies, and central bank independence. The list thus includes not only those in the original Washington consensus, but also a range of other reforms. 1. Williamson (1990). DARON ACEMOGLU Massachusetts Institute of Technology SIMON JOHNSON International Monetary Fund 11302-05_Acemoglu_rev. qxd 9/12/08 1:06 PM Page 351
Expectation-Maximization (EM) Algorithms for Mapping Short Reads Illustrated with FAIRE data and the TP53-WRAP53 Gene Region

Huge numbers of short reads are being generated for mapping back to the genome to discover the frequency of transcripts, miRNAs, DNAase hypersensitive sites, FAIRE regions, nucleosome occupancy, etc. Since these reads are typically short (e.g., 36 base pairs) and since many eukaryotic genomes, including humans, have highly repetitive sequences then many of these reads map to two or more locations in the genome. Current mapping of these reads, grading them according to 0, 1 or 2 mismatches wastes a great deal of information. These short sequences are typically mapped with no account of the accuracy of the sequence, even in company software when per base error rates are being reported by another part of the machine. Further, multiply mapping locations are frequently discarded altogether or allocated with no regard to where other reads are accumulating. Here we show how to combine probabilistic mapping of reads with an EM algorithm to iteratively improve the empirical likelihood of the allocation of short reads. Mapping using LAST takes into account the per base accuracy of the read, plus insertions and deletions, plus anticipated occasional errors or SNPs with respect to the parent genome. The probabilistic EM algorithm iteratively allocates reads based on the proportion of reads mapping within windows on the previous cycle, along with any prior information on where the read best maps. The methods are illustrated with FAIRE ENCODE data looking at the very important head-to-head gene combination of TP53 and WRAP 53.
L O ] 2 1 O ct 2 01 4 Second-Order SAT Solving using Program Synthesis

Program synthesis is the automated construction of software from a specification. While program synthesis is undecidable in general, we show that synthesising finite-state programs is NEXPTIMEcomplete. We then present a fully automatic, sound and complete algorithm for synthesising C programs from a specification written in C. Our approach uses a combination of bounded model checking, explicit-state model checking and genetic programming to achieve surprisingly good performance for a problem with such high complexity. By identifying a correspondence between program synthesis and secondorder logic, we show how to use our program synthesiser as a decision procedure for existential second-order logic over finite domains. We illustrate the expressiveness of this logic by encoding several program analysis problems including superoptimisation, de-obfuscation, safety and termination. Finally, we present experimental results showing that our approach is tractable in practice.
A Near-Optimal Memoryless Online Algorithm for FIFO Buffering Two Packet Classes

We consider scheduling packets with values in a capacity-bounded buffer in an online setting. In this model, there is a buffer with limited capacity B. At any time, the buffer cannot accommodate more than B packets. Packets arrive over time. Each packet is associated with a non-negative value. Packets leave the buffer only because they are either sent or dropped. Those packets that have left the buffer will not be reconsidered for delivery any more. In each time step, at most one packet in the buffer can be sent. The order in which the packets are sent should comply with the order of their arrival time. The objective is to maximize the total value of the packets sent in an online manner. In this paper, we study a variant of this FIFO buffering model in which a packet’s value is either 1 or α > 1. We present a deterministic memoryless 1.304-competitive algorithm. This algorithm has the same competitive ratio as the one presented in (Lotker and Patt-Shamir. PODC 2002, Computer Networks 2003). However, our algorithm is simpler and does not employ any marking bits. The idea used in our algorithm is novel and different from all previous approaches applied for the general model and its variants. We do not proactively preempt one packet when a new packet arrives. Instead, we may preempt more than one 1-value packet when the buffer contains sufficiently many α-value packets.
La inflamación y el músculo: antigua y nueva relación

La inflamación y el remodelado bronquial son dos características del asma que se han estudiado profusamente en los últimos 20 años. Hoy día está claro que la inflamación de las vías aéreas desempeña un papel esencial en la etiopatogenia del asma, independientemente de la edad del paciente, de la gravedad del proceso y de su causa. Se ha podido comprobar que en el niño existe también inflamación eosinofílica, pero fundamentalmente en el asma atópica; en esta edad el neutrófilo parece desempeñar un papel importante. Existe un grupo de niños con sibilancias durante las infecciones virales en los que la inflamación eosinofílica no parece tener un papel relevante. Inicialmente se postuló que el remodelado era un fenómeno siempre secundario a la inflamación, pero recientemente se ha sugerido que el remodelado puede ser independiente de la inflamación e incluso ser un episodio primario en la historia natural de la enfermedad, contribuyendo por sí mismo al desarrollo y persistencia de la inflamación de la vía aérea. El punto de vista tradicional sobre el músculo liso bronquial, que lo situaba como una célula con funciones puramente mecánicas y estructurales, ha cambiado en los últimos años. Ya no se la considera una célula meramente efectora, sino que se están descubriendo nuevas propiedades que le confieren un papel crucial en el desarrollo del asma, de tal modo que algunos autores consideran el asma como una disfunción del músculo liso bronquial.
Energy Optimization of Source Code Guided by a Fine-Grained Energy Model

Energy efficiency can have a significant influence on user experience of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Software optimization plays an important role in saving energy; however, effective energy optimization relies mainly on developers, since compiler-based energy optimizations are limited. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware programming approach, guided by an operation-based sourcelevel energy model, which allows the programmer to understand the energy usage of the code and then apply targeted refactoring to save energy. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first that achieves this for a high-level language such as Java. This approach can be applied at the end of the software engineering implementation phase in order to avoid distracting developers from guaranteeing the correctness of software. In a case study, experimental evaluation shows that our approach is able to save from 6.4% to 50.2% of the overall energy consumption in various application scenarios.
A Workflow-Forecast Approach To The Task Scheduling Problem In Distributed Computing Systems

The aim of this paper is to provide a description of deep-learning-based scheduling approach for academic- purpose high-performance computing systems. Academic- purpose distributed computing systems' (DCS) share reaches 17.4% amongst TOP500 supercomputer sites (15.6% in performance scale) that make them a valuable object of research. The core of this approach is to predict the future workflow of the system depending on the previously submitted tasks using deep learning algorithm. Information on predicted tasks is used by the resource management system (RMS) to perform efficient schedule.