Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of a hydroalcoholic extract of Salix alba L. bark powder in diets of broilers exposed to high heat stress

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary hydroalcoholic willow bark extract powder (HWE) supplemented to broilers (14–42 days old) that were exposed to heat stress, on the performance, serum biochemical parameters, liver oxidative status and caecal microflora. The feeding trial was conducted on 120 Cobb 500 broilers (14 days old), assigned to three treatments (T0, T25, and T50), each treatment consisting of eight replicates (five chicks per replicate). The broilers were housed in an experimental hall at a 32 °C constant temperature and 23 hours light regimen. Unlike the dietary control treatment (T0), the experimental treatments were supplemented with 25 g HWE powder/100 kg diet (T25), and 50 g HWE powder 100 kg diet (T50), respectively. Dietary HWE powder did not affect the broilers’ performance significantly (14–42 days). A significantly lower amount of malondialdehyde was noticed in the liver of broilers from T25 and T50 treatments in comparison with broilers from T0. Also, the serum cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase were significantly lower in broilers fed with T50, compared with those fed with T0. At 35 and at 42 days, the broilers from T25 and T50 recorded a significantly lower number of E. coli and staphylococci and a higher number of lactobacilli in the caecum than those of T0. It could be concluded that supplementation of dietary HWE powder reduced some of the adverse effects of heat stress, the most effective being the level of 50 g/100 kg diet. Keywords : biochemical parameters, caecal microflora, high temperature, liver oxidative status
Middle class decline in Finland 1995-2012 : Decomposition and directional mobility

This paper investigates middle class decline in Finland from 1995 to 2012. The purpose was to examine the subgroup contributions, the role of structural change, and directional mobility. Change in middle class rate was decomposed to study contributions of group-specific rates and structural changes, and the directional mobility was analysed by changes in individuals’ income status. The results from earlier studies about the middle class decline in Finland were confirmed, and decomposition analysis indicates that the majority of the decline has been due to the rateeffect, especially among the lowest educated population. Furthermore, changes in age and education structures have contributed to the decline, while the structural change in primary activity status has had a counteracting effect. Results of the decomposition are supported by the mobility results, which indicate that population with tertiary (no secondary) degree have been subject to upward (downward) mobility over the observed time period. In conclusion, the middle class decline and polarization in Finland have asymmetrically affected different education groups. Most educated have climbed up the income distribution, while the lowest educated group have fallen.
A Case Report of Aberrant Vascular Anatomy of the Anterolateral Thigh Flap

Soft tissue free flaps are used for a variety of head and neck reconstructions. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been a versatile tool in head and neck reconstruction since the mainstream use of microvascular anastomosis for free tissue transfer. The ALT flap has a known history of variable vascular anatomy. Most of this variability lies within perforator anatomy and vascular aberrations distal to the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCF). Few vascular aberrancies have been described proximal to the LCF. Here we present a case of report of an ALT whose arterial vascular pedicle was a branch directly off the femoral artery. The case highlights an unusual anatomical variant of the ALT flap, and the importance of a thorough and meticulous dissection.
Saltwater reduces potential CO2 and CH4 production in peat soils from a coastal freshwater forested wetland

Abstract. A major concern for coastal freshwater wetland function and health is the effects of saltwater intrusion on greenhouse gas production from peat soils. Coastal freshwater forested wetlands are likely to experience increased hydroperiod with rising sea level, as well as saltwater intrusion. These potential changes to wetland hydrology may also alter forested wetland structure and lead to a transition from forest to shrub/marsh wetland ecosystems. Loss of forested wetlands is already evident by dying trees and dead standing trees (“ghost” forests) along the Atlantic coast of the US, which will result in significant alterations to plant carbon (C) inputs, particularly that of coarse woody debris, to soils. We investigated the effects of salinity and wood C inputs on soils collected from a coastal freshwater forested wetland in North Carolina, USA, and incubated in the laboratory with either freshwater or saltwater (2.5 or 5.0 ppt) and with or without the additions of wood. Saltwater additions at 2.5 and 5.0 ppt reduced CO2 production by 41 % and 37 %, respectively, compared to freshwater. Methane production was reduced by 98 % (wood-free incubations) and by 75 %–87 % (wood-amended incubations) in saltwater treatments compared to the freshwater plus wood treatment. Additions of wood also resulted in lower CH4 production from the freshwater treatment and higher CH4 production from saltwater treatments compared to wood-free incubations. The δ13CH4 -C isotopic signature suggested that, in wood-free incubations, CH4 produced from the freshwater treatment originated primarily from the acetoclastic pathway, while CH4 produced from the saltwater treatments originated primarily from the hydrogenotrophic pathway. These results suggest that saltwater intrusion into coastal freshwater forested wetlands will reduce CH4 production, but long-term changes in C dynamics will likely depend on how changes in wetland vegetation and microbial function influence C cycling in peat soils.
6 dB SNDR TI-SAR ADC for Software Defined Radio in 65 nm CMOS

 Abstract—This paper presents a 10-bit 1 GS/s 4-channel time-interleaved (TI) successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). To suppress the time skew, the full rate master clock based sampling technique is adopted. The effect of sampling switch mismatches on time skew is addressed. The measured time skew spurs caused by the sampling switch mismatches are around -52~ -55 dB at Nyquist input. Then, a tap-interpolating fractional delay (TIFD) filters based digital background time skew calibration technique is proposed. Also, a full analysis of the effects of the various parameters on the time-skew-generated spur levels is presented, which indicates that the time skew error level is related to the length of calibration filters, calibration range and bandwidth penalty. The sub-channel ADC exploits a 250 MS/s SAR ADC with a low cost high-speed sub-radix-2 searching technique. The reference interference of non-binary TI ADCs is discussed and tolerated by the sub-radix-2 searching scheme. The proposed adders based encoding circuit is optimized with lower propagation delay to meet high-speed requirements. The prototype was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the ADC achieves an SNDR of 49.6 dB with a power of 15.95 mW and a figure of merit (FoM) of 63 fJ/conversion-step when operating at 1 GS/s and 458.1 MHz Nyquist input. The ADC core achieves an area of 0.158 mm2.
Shallow-water hard corals (Hexacorallia: Scleractinia) from Bangka Belitung Islands Waters, Indonesia

Bangka Belitung Islands (Sumatra, Indonesia) has various coastal resources, e.g., coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangrove forests. However, the coral community has been threatened by anthropogenic activities, i.e., tin mining and illegal tin mining. Threatened species assessment is important for mitigation of coral losses and management. The ojective of the present study was to examine the status of Scleractinian corals in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. A line intercept transect was performed for the coral reef survey. Live and dead coral cover were recorded in the three locations. Corals species were identified following taxonomic revisions. The results showed that there were 142 species of Scleractinian corals recorded from Bangka Belitung Islands. Of these, 22 species are the new report from the areas of the the eastern part of Belitung Island. Family of Merulinidae, Acroporidae, and Poritidae were predominant group in this region. It is concluded that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in the Belitung Islands is relatively good, but fair in Gaspar Strait and Bangka Island. Keywords: Coral cover, coral diversity, hard coral, Scleractinia
Screening of Type 2 Diabetes in the City of Belo Horizonte: Differences between Genders

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem that carries a high social and economic burden. Its diagnosis is unknown in half of individuals who have the disease. The diagnosis of the risk factors should be done in the beginning, since changes in lifestyle and hyperglycemic correction may delay the appearance of the disease and its complications. In this context, screening has been considered an important tool for an early detection of diabetes in asymptomatic adults. Objective: The objective is to track diabetes in people from BH, comparing genders. Patients and methods: People were interviewed with questions concerning the risk factors associated with the development of diabetes. According to the risk factors present, they were classified as non-diabetic [ND], pre-diabetic [PD] or diabetic [DM]. Statistical analyses were performed considering p ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: 1264 individuals participated (5.5% DM, 6.5% PD, 88.0% ND). When grouped, PD and DM males were more prevalent than PD and DM females. Those in the DM group had higher blood pressure, age, glycaemia, number of past smokers, first-degree relatives with diabetes than either PD or ND. Both males and females in DM and PD groups had a higher waist circumference than did either ND males or females. ND men had a higher intake of fried food and smoked more in the past than ND women. Both ND and PD males had higher blood pressure than women from the same groups. Conclusion: Screening for diabetes is very important for an early diagnosis and to avoid future complications in patients. It’s possible to infer that women are more conscientious when it comes to taking care of themselves than men.
The Impact of Patent litigation on Shareholder value in the IT industry

In recent years, patent lawsuits in the IT industry have become a sensitive issue. While numerous studies have investigated the wealth effect of patent and corporate litigation, few studies have examined the current patent litigation in the IT industry. This paper investigates the wealth effect of patent lawsuits using an event study method. This paper hypothesizes that a firm which initiates a lawsuit experiences more of a positive return than a rival firm when the patent lawsuit filing is announced, as a firm will initiate a lawsuit when they are convinced that they have a vantage position in the patent lawsuit. The empirical results show that a firm which has a vantage position in a patent lawsuit experiences a positive stock price return when they sue a rival firm for patent infringement and that a firm which does not have a vantage position in a patent lawsuit experiences a negative stock price return when they are sued by a rival firm. The empirical results support that a vantage position in patent litigation is the one of the key factors to explain the wealth effect of patent litigation. This paper suggests that action to increase patent competency to reach a vantage position in a patent war is one of the ways to increase shareholder value.
Unsupervised Method for Disease Named Entity Recognition

Unsupervised Method for Disease Named Entity Recognition Abeer Nayer Almutairi Diseases take a central role in biomedical research; many studies aim to enable access to disease information, by designing named entity recognition models to make use of the available information. Disease recognition is a problem that has been tackled by various approaches of which the most famous are the lexical and supervised approaches. However, the aforementioned approaches have many drawbacks as their performance is affected by the amount of human-annotated data set available. Moreover, lexical approaches cannot distinguish between real mentions of diseases and mentions of other entities that share the same name or acronym. The challenge of this project is to find a model that can combine the strengths of the lexical approaches and supervised approaches, to design a named entity recognizer. We demonstrate that our model can accurately identify disease name mentions in text, by using word embedding to capture context information of each mention, which enables the model to distinguish if it is a real disease mention or not. We evaluate our model using a gold standard data set which showed high precision of 84% and accuracy of 96%. Finally, we compare the performance of our model to different statistical name entity recognition models, and the results show that our model outperforms the unsupervised lexical approaches.
Sexual differences in the morphology and movement of a butterfly: Good shape does not make good dispersers

Movements are involved in several routine processes and may scale up to important ecological processes such as dispersal. However, movement is affected by a wealth of factors including flight capacity and behavioural traits. Both frequently differ in the sexes, which may well affect movement. We here aim to disentangle the relative importance of sexual differences in flight capacity versus behaviour on small-scale movements under controlled laboratory conditions in the temperate-zone butterfly Lycaena tityrus. The morphology of males is typically associated with increased flight capacity in this species. Nevertheless, the flight performances of the sexes did not differ, but the mobility of the females was higher. Thus, flight capacity and patterns of movement may not be intimately associated. Rather, the costs and benefits of flight seem to differ substantially between the sexes, with females being more mobile, potentially as a risk spreading strategy, while males are territorial and thus more sedentary. Thus, predictions regarding movement based on morphology are difficult.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE MOTIvATION FOR CROwDFUNDINg Teresia Debby*)1, Mustika Sufiati Purwanegara*), and Atik Aprianingsih*)

Crowdfunding is a new and novel way to gather fund through the internet for small and medium-size business from many investors. It is different from the conventional method which capital is gained from the loans from some of the conventional financial institutions like banks, angel investors, venture capitalists. Even though it is very popular, there are few numbers of researches have been done on this topic, especially to identify the motivation behind someone when investing in using this method. Some studies have been done to explore motivations. In this study, the sampling techniques that will be used are convenience and snowball sampling techniques. In the end, the study can gather 68 respondents, which all responses would be analyzed using an exploratory analysis using R software. Based on the results, there are five groups of motivations for investing in crowdfunding; they are enjoyment, recognition, curiosity, perceived risk, and altruism. The results of this study provided theoretical implications for future research and practical implications for the success of crowdfunding platforms.
On the use of parameter γ z in fire situation

Abstract Herein will be presented a study on the use of parameter γz for reinforced concrete frames in fire situation. Currently, there are no results of similar research for concrete structures, since the subject has not received the adequate attention. In fire situation, many of the horizontal actions are no longer considered in exceptional load combination, leaving only the horizontal action due to the global geometric imperfections. Once the equivalent horizontal forces to these imperfections are obtained, the parameter is applied. One of the conclusions was that the parameter γz is not adequate, in particularly for high buildings, indicating that more research is necessary. Even so, using γz for room temperature, we conclude that fires that affect lower floors are more damaging to the building and more floors under fire also lead to worse results.
Pattern of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Iran is Changed after Correcting the Misclassification Error

Background: The main aim of the present study was to map the real high risk regions of gastric cancer (GC) using corrected data for misclassification error in all Iranian provinces. Method: In this cross-sectional study, the data were extracted from the reports of Ministry of Health and Medical Education and previous studies on correcting GC registered data including 30 provinces in 2008. The information about socioeconomic factors was extracted from the statistical centers of Iran. To estimate the model parameters, the Bayesian approach was used with regards to spatial correlation due to adjacent effects. Results: The southern and northern provinces were introduced as high-risk regions and the central provinces were introduced as low-risk regions. The mean household income was inversely associated with the risk of GC. Conclusion: The real high-risk regions of GC in Iran are the north and south border provinces which should be considered by health policy makers. It is also necessary to correct misclassified registered data which can lead to seduction in health service allocation.
Brief communication: Arctic sea ice thickness internal variability and its changes under historical and anthropogenic forcing

Abstract. We use model simulations from the CESM1-CAM5-BGC-LE dataset to characterise the Arctic sea ice thickness internal variability both spatially and temporally. These properties, and their stationarity, are investigated in three different contexts: (1) constant pre-industrial, (2) historical and (3) projected conditions. Spatial modes of variability show highly stationary patterns regardless of the forcing and mean state. A temporal analysis reveals two peaks of significant variability, and despite a non-stationarity on short timescales, they remain more or less stable until the first half of the 21st century, where they start to change once summer ice-free events occur, after 2050.
'It's Just What You Do:' Exploring Relationships Between Young-Adult Grandchildren and their Grandfathers

The grandparent role is a dynamic and often ambivalent relationship requiring simultaneous navigation of “being there” and “not interfering” in the lives of grandchildren (Mason, May, & Clarke, 2007). These relationships change as grandchildren mature and can result in new grandparent-grandchild connections based on communication, intimacy, and mutual respect (Sheehan & Petrovic, 2008). Utilizing a sample of grandfathers and young-adult grandchildren (N = 32), this study investigated the impact that grandfathers have on their young-adult grandchildren. Utilizing a life course perspective, we asked: a) How do grandfathers invest in the futures of their young-adult grandchildren? b) How do young-adult grandchildren recognize and receive their grandfather’s investments in their futures? Results suggest that grandfathers emphasized their grandparenting role but undervalued their contributions to their grandchildren. Grandfathers and grandchildren also did not always agree on the transmissions intended and received. When asked to recall meaningful memories of grandfathers, young-adult grandchildren were more likely to remember instances of shared hobbies, interests, and personal connection. Findings have implications for understanding and strengthening the ties between grandfathers and their grandchildren. This article is available in PURE Insights: https://digitalcommons.wou. edu/pure/vol8/iss1/10 ​A publication of the Program for Undergraduate Research Experiences at Western Oregon University
Adherence of Patients with Insulin Dependent Diabetes to Therapeutic Regimen

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with varied etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism disorders caused by insulin secretion defect, insulin action or both. People with diabetes also have an increased risk of other diseases, including heart, peripheral, arterial and cerebrovascular disease. Objective: This study aimed to identify adherence of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes to therapeutic regimen. Patients and methods: A descriptive research design was used to accomplish the aim of the present study. A convenience sample of 150 adult patients who were admitted to the study. The study was conducted at the DiabeticOutpatient Clinic at Shark El Madina Hospital in Alexandria. Outpatient clinic was working 6 days per week from Saturday to Thursday from 9 am to 1 pm. Results: There was a highly statistical significant relation between patient's age, sex, level of education, monthly income and overall adherence to therapeutic regimen (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of the studied patients who had good adherence to therapeutic regimen were aged 40 -50 years old, female patients, university educated and had enough income (63.9%, 52.7%, 62.1%, and 75% respectively). Overall adherence barriers were moderate in the patient's age group of 50-60, male, manual occupation, divorced, secondary educated and who hadn't have enough income (65.4%, 55.9%, 71.1%, 71.4%, 70% and 63% respectively). Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that, more than half of the studied patients were fair adherent to diabetic diet, and more than two thirds of them were good adherent to medication.
Clinical Features of Liver Injury Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Japanese Patients

Aim Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the survival rate of patients carrying various malignant neoplasms. Despite their efficacy, ICIs occasionally induce liver injury as an immune-related adverse event (irAE). This study aimed to reveal the clinical features of the hepatic irAE in Japanese patients. Methods Among 387 patients treated with ICIs, those who developed drug-induced liver injury were investigated. We also describe the histological findings and clinical courses of four patients with hepatic irAE who underwent liver biopsy. Results Among the 56 patients with all-grade liver injury, only 11 (19.6%) showed hepatocellular-type liver injury, which resembled autoimmune hepatitis. Thirty-four patients (60.7%) developed cholestatic or mixed-type liver injury, although only one patient showed abnormal image findings in the bile duct. Most patients with grade ≤2 liver injury improved spontaneously, while two patients with biliary dysfunction required ursodeoxycholic acid or prednisolone. Among eight patients with grade ≥3 liver injury, three required no immunosuppressants and five were treated with prednisolone (three of five patients required other types of immunosuppressants). Four patients in the case series showed diverse clinical features in terms of hepatotoxic pattern, symptoms, and the interval time between the initiation of immunotherapy and the onset of the hepatic irAE. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ICIs could cause microscopic biliary disorder without any abnormal image finding. Because the hepatic irAE presents diverse clinical features, liver biopsy is recommended to provide appropriate treatments.