Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants: Role of Salicylic Acid

Environmental stresses come in many forms and the ability to withstand these stresses is one of the most important factors that decide the distribution of plant species in an area. These stresses affect several physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in plants and limit plant productivity. The study of abiotic stresses especially salinity in plants has advanced significantly in recent years, however the majority of experiments testing the response of plants to salt stress have focused on chemical treatment applied to plants under controlled conditions. Thus development of methods for inducing stress tolerance in plants is vital and would be a major focus of research in adverse environmental conditions. More recently, some of the endogenous growth regulators like abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid (SA) have been implicated in imparting stress tolerance in plants. SA has appeared as a signaling molecule modulating plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The established effects of SA on photosynthetic activity, nitrate assimilation and regulation of ROS in plants, give an indication that SA might possess defensive function probably induction of some stress responsive proteins in plants under saline conditions . It also counteracts the deleterious effects of salt on biochemical changes like decreasing MDA content (a product of lipid peroxidation), and free proline content. Thus studies suggest that exogenous application of salicylic acid in plants may bring some potential practical utilization. For example, manipulating the tissue level of SA in plants may be a promising area for the importance of biotechnology to crop protection and high yield. The main objective of this article was to develop new concept about the role of salicylic acid in growth characteristics, metabolic homeostasis, osmoregulation, ROS regulation, gene induction and signaling of various metabolic pathways in plants.
The Indirect Effects of Auditing Taxpayers

Empirical studies suggest that the effects of tax audits are not only in terms of recovered unpaid tax (direct effect) but there are also indirect effects in terms of future better compliance that tend to outweigh the direct effect. However, current policy decisions on the allocation of investigation resources across different groups of taxpayers generally neglect the indirect effects, generating a potential resource misallocation issue. With the aim to clarify a possible mechanism through which the indirect effects work, the authors model tax compliance as a social norm and show that taxpayers’ interdependencies introduce a multiplier effect to an increase in the audit rate.
Securing the mashed up web

The Internet is no longer a web of linked pages, but a flourishing swarm of connected sites sharing resources and data. Modern web sites are increasingly interconnected, and a majority rely on content maintained by a third party. Web mashups are at the very extreme of this evolution, built almost entirely around external content. In that sense the web is becoming mashed up. This decentralized setting implies complex trust relationships among involved parties, since each party must trust all others not to compromise data. This poses a question: How can we secure the mashed up web? From a language-based perspective, this thesis approaches the question from two directions: attacking and securing the languages of the web. The first perspective explores new challenging scenarios and weaknesses in the modern web, identifying novel attack vectors, such as polyglot and mutation-based attacks, and their mitigations. The second perspective investigates new methods for tracking information in the browser, providing frameworks for expressing and enforcing decentralized information-flow policies using dynamic run-time monitors, as well as architectures for deploying such monitors.
Developing suitable thermal models for domestic buildings with Smart Home equipment

Smart Home controls are part of a Smart Home system and allow remote and automated control of heating systems. The key research question is: with the rapid advancement of new wireless and networked control products, which thermal modelling techniques are able to best make use of the real-time performance data arising from in-home sensors and predict the impact of using advanced controls to reduce energy demand and maximise comfort? As part of identifying suitable modelling approaches for Smart Homes, a lumped parameter model which builds on the work done by Bacher and Madsen (2011) using a data-driven “Grey box” model has been developed. The potential for using the measured data and the impacts of advanced controls for this modelling technique are discussed.
2D Microgravity Test-Bed for the Validation of Space Robot Control Algorithms

The utilization of satellites equipped with robotic arms is one of the existing strategies for Active Debris Removal (ADR). Considering that the time intended for on-orbit capturing manoeuvres is strictly limited, any given space robot should possess a certain level of autonomy. This paper is about the control of on-orbit space robots and the testing of such objects in laboratory conditions. The Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK PAN) possesses a planar air bearing microgravity simulator used for the testing of advanced control algorithms of space robots supported on air bearings. This paper presents recent upgrades to the testing facility. Firstly, the base of the space robot is now equipped with manoeuvre thrusters using compressed nitrogen and therefore allowing for position control of the entire system. Secondly, a signal from an external vision system, referencing the position and orientation of the robot’s parts is used by the control system for the closed loop
Credit rating agencies and unsystematic risk: Is there a linkage?

This study analyzes the effects of six different credit rating announcements on systematic and unsystematic risk in Spanish companies listed on the Electronic Continuous Stock Market from 1988 to 2010. We use an extension of the event study dummy approach that includes direct effects on beta risk and on volatility. We find effects in both kinds of risk, indicating that rating agencies provide information to the market. Rating actions that imply an improvement in credit quality cause lower systematic and unsystematic risk. Conversely, ratings announcements that imply credit quality deterioration cause a rebalance in both types of risk, with higher beta risk being joined with lower diversifiable risk. Although the event characteristics were not important to determine how the two types of risk reacted to rating actions, the 2007 economic and financial crises increase the market’s sensitivity to these characteristics.
RELATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FITNESS, MUSCLE STRENGTH AND HEALTH: FINDINGS FROM THE EUROPEAN YOUTH HEART STUDY (EYHS)

The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) is an on-going multi-centre, prospective, observational cohort study. High quality observational data from population-based samples followed over time provide a valuable source that can be used for examining hypotheses of associations of suspected risk factor exposures with health outcomes. Furthermore, given that the data are collected in well-defined population samples with high participation rates, it can be used for surveillance purposes. Surveillance involves a systematic collection of data from well-defined populations, and analysis and interpretation of such data. Timely collectedand high quality data from population-based samples is a crucial resource that can inform policy-makers and the public, and is vital for health care authorities for timely planning of prevention programs. The EYHS has used standardized high quality methods to obtain CVD risk factor levels and their determinants among population-based samples of children and adolescents across Europe. It involves random population-based samples of children and adolescents recruited from distinct geographical regions in Europe, which are followed over time. Since the late 1990-ies the EYHS has collected detailed data on 6580 children, adolescents, and young adults with high response rates (overall response rate of 72%). These data have been widely used for describing population distribution of early determinants of cardiovascular risk factors and sources of their inequalities, and in identifying personal, genetic, and environmental determinants of current and young adulthood cardiovascular health outcomes. This article summarizes major findings related to sedentary behaviour, physical activity and physical fitness. The findings include cross-sectional and prospective observational data from the EYHS.
Determinants of vigilance in a reintroduced population of Père David's deer

After being kept in captivity and isolated from natural predators for more than 1,200 years, Pere David's deer has been reintroduced in China and now occurs in a reserve where human activity is the only potential threat. Antipredator vigilance is an important component of survival for many prey animals in their natural habitat. Do deer still adjust vigilance as a function of risk after such a long period of relaxed predation pressure? Here, we examined vigilance levels in Pere David's deer groups as a function of group size, sex and level of human disturbance. The results showed that individual vigilance significantly decreased with group size in all-female groups but not in all-males or mixed-sex groups. In rutting season, males compete with one another and harass females, and we argue that vigilance is partly aimed at threatening males and that such vigilance increases with group size. This explains why overall vigilance did not vary with group size for males in general and for females in mixed-sex groups. Vigilance increased in more disturbed areas but in in male deer only. The results indicate that despite relaxed predation pressure over centuries, Pere David's deer can still adjust antipredator responses as a function of perceived risk. Such information may become useful in the rewilding programme now under way for this species in China (Current Zoology 59 (2): 265-270, 2013).
DESIGN FOR CONTENTED LIFE: A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK

This paper addresses design contribution to the happiness of individuals leading to a contented life. A framework for design for contented life is introduced. It includes four main components: engaging, pleasure, personal fulfilment and belongingness. Each represents an ingredient of design for happiness. We suggest that design that includes these ingredients is design that promotes contented life. The intention to support human life is the explicit, central design objective of design for contented life. The need for contemporary design for contented life approach arises. Some research challenges are presented to indicate directions for more research. In light of the framework, these research directions should serve as inspiration for designers and design researchers in their work towards design for contented life.
Cattle grazing tall larkspur on Utah mountain rangeland.

Ingestion of t8ll lukspur (De@hinizun barb@ L. Huth) is a mr]or eruse of crttle datb on nagea where the plant occurs. The amount 8nd timing of WI larkspur ingestion by gazing cattle ~8s studied from 30 July to 2 September 1986 on high mount8in mngelrnd in centrrrl Ut8h. Fork dombuted the vegctrtion urd were 8lso the major dietary item selected by c8ttb 070% of total bites). There w8a 8 negative rel8tionship (r=-O.62) between st8nding crop of other forba urd t8ll hrkapur consumption. C8ttle beg811 eating subst8ntirl qu8ntitiee (X0% of bites) of WI lukspur 8bout 10 August, 8nd consumption b8d iacreued to 20% when the study ended. Tall lukspur Ie8ves 8nd pods were the m8jor prrtr selected. At the time of major consumption, leaves were rel8tively low 8nd declining in tot81 8lk8loid concentr8tion (TAC) (1.046%) while pods were 8pproximrtely 1.0% TAC 8nd iacrcdng when the study ended. Time spent per feeding st8tion (TFS) WY influenced by the veget8tion ue8 where urinals tonged. TFS in the gmss-forb, cumnt (Ribes spp.), md lukspur 8re8a were 11.2,25.9, ind 22.0 I, respectively. C8ttle gmzed most efficiently (bite ntetiep rite) in the gr8ss-forh ue8s, urd lcllst effkiently in the curr8nt ueas. C8ttle 8te large quint&a of till lukspur during the study with no de8thr, probrbly due to the low alkaloid levels in the trll lukspur. L8rkspur coneumption ~8s not correlrted with previous 12or 24-h precipit8tion toWs. However, crrffle did hegba major consumption of WI Lrkspur 8fter 2 r8in showers fell following a seveml week dry period.
Review of saponin diversity in sea cucumbers belonging to the family Holothuriidae

Saponins are secondary metabolites produced by holothurians. Structurally, they are triterpene glycosides that play an important role in chemical defense and possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This review highlights the very high diversity of saponins detected in different species of the family Holothuriidae. No less than 59 triterpene glycosides are reported. Several saponins are shared by many species but others are very specific. Overall, most species appear to possess a specific congener mixture. The most evident inter-specific differences that can be highlighted among Holothuriidae are based on the presence or absence of a sulfate group attached to the carbohydrate chain of their saponins. Within a single animal, saponin mixtures also present different concentrations and compositions depending on the organ, with Cuvierian tubules showing the highest saponin concentrations. All of the data combined indicate a complex chemical defence mechanism with different sets of saponins originating from different body compartments and presenting different properties in relation to their ecological role(s).
Interaction between complexity , quality and cognitive automation

Today’s assembly systems are adapting to the increased mass customisation. This means shorter cycle times, more variants and a more complex environment for the operators. An industrial case study has been performed in order to describe relations between complexity, quality and cognitive automation. This article use quantitative methods to describe the complex environment. This is done in order to create a better understanding for the importance of using cognitive automation as an enabler in order to create a more competitive assembly system for the future.
Creating a ‘new space’: Code-switching among British-born Greek-Cypriots in London

This paper, located in the traditions of Interactional Sociolinguistics (Gumperz 1982) and Social Constructionism (Berger and Luckmann 1966), explores code-switching and identity practices amongst British-born Greek-Cypriots. The speakers, members of a Greek-Cypriot youth organization, are fluent in English and (with varying levels of fluency) speak the Greek-Cypriot Dialect. Qualitative analyses of recordings of natural speech during youth community meetings and a social event show how a new ‘third space’ becomes reified through code-switching practices. By skillfully manipulating languages and styles, speakers draw on Greek-Cypriot cultural resources to accomplish two inter-related things. First, by displaying knowledge of familiar Greek-Cypriot cultural frames, they establish themselves as different from mainstream British society and establish solidarity as an in-group. Secondly, by using these frames in non-serious contexts, and at times mocking cultural attitudes and stereotypes, they challenge and re-appropriate their inherited Greek-Cypriot identity, thereby constructing the identity of British-born Greek-Cypriot youth.
Corporate Citizenship and Stakeholder Engagement: Maintaining an Equitable Power Balance

This paper proposes an engagement oriented corporation-stakeholder relationship in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes. It is a proposition which poses the two connected questions of how to move from solely public relation driven stakeholder management to social development oriented stakeholder participation (engagement) and how Stakeholder Engagement can be measured. On the backdrop of Arnstein’s (1969) citizenship participation model and reasons for Stakeholder Engagement framework, the paper argues that Stakeholder Engagement is attainable and measurable. It argues that though Arnstein’s citizenship participation model was originally intended for the relationship between government and local
A Review of the Limitations of Some Discriminant Analysis Procedures in Multi-Group Classification.

A review is given on existing work and result of the performance of some discriminant analysis procedures under varying conditions. Few of the developed methods (Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Function, Logistic Regression and Quadratic discriminant function) were reviewed. Some new results are presented for the case involving allocation with more than two groups. Shortfalls in the reviewed procedures necessitated the need for an improved procedure that can classify observations into multiple groups with high efficiency (minimal error rate). Keywords : Multivariate, Discrimnant function, Classification, Multi-groups, Optimal
A dynamic structural analysis of health and retirement

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the substitution between the early retirement and disability as two major exit routes from the labour market in Norway. The analysis is based on a dynamic structural model that addresses the interplay between health, institutional constraints and economic incentives of men and women in the later part of their working lives. Unlike most of the previous work which has typically used self reported and indirect measures of disability conditions, I model health as a direct latent indicator of the eligibility to retire through the disability insurance system. The model is specifically designed to account for the random occurrences of the disability conditions and their possible concealment by the individuals in favour of higher utility and broader choice sets in the future. The model is estimated using Norwegian register data. I investigate the substitution effect between the disability and early retirement exits by simulating a complete elimination
A weighted target- following algorithm for linearly constrained convex optimization

In recent years, convex optimization solved very large practical engineering problems reliably and eciently. In this paper, we present an extension of an algorithm for convex quadratic programming using a new technique for nding a class of search directions and the strategy of the central path, for convex optimization under linear constraints. To solve the initialization problem, we have introduced a weighted vector with the property that starting from an initial feasible centred point, it generates iterates that simultaneously, gets closer to optimality and closer to centrality. Finally, the favorable polynomial complexity bound for the algorithm is deserved namely, O ( p n log( x t z )) iterations.
On the origin of light emission in silicon rich oxide obtained by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition

Silicon Rich Oxide (SRO) has been considered as a material to overcome the drawbacks of silicon to achieve optical functions. Various techniques can be used to produce it, including Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD). In this paper, a brief description of the studies carried out and discussions of the results obtained on electro-, cathode-, and photoluminescence properties of SRO prepared by LPCVD and annealed at 1,100°C are presented. The experimental results lead us to accept that SRO emission properties are due to oxidation state nanoagglomerates rather than to nanocrystals. The emission mechanism is similar to Donor-Acceptor decay in semiconductors, and a wide emission spectrum, from 450 to 850 nm, has been observed. The results show that emission is a function of both silicon excess in the film and excitation energy. As a result different color emissions can be obtained by selecting the suitable excitation energy.
Hunting Prey With Different Escape Potentials—Alternative Predatory Tactics In A Dune Dwelling Salticid

Abstract Generalist predators hunt a wide range of prey that possess various characteristics affecting the predators' hunting success (e.g., size, ability to detect the threat and defend against it, potential for escape). Therefore, it can be expected that the predator should flexibly react to different prey characteristics, hunting them in prey-specific ways. For a stalking predator a crucial prey feature is its ability to escape. In this study, the alternative prey-catching tactics of a dune-dwelling salticid Yllenus arenarius Menge 1868 were analyzed. Four naturally eaten prey taxa, two with a high ability to escape (Homoptera, Orthoptera) and two with a low ability to escape (Thysanoptera, larvae of Lepidoptera), were used. Numerous differences found between the tactics indicate that Y. arenarius can not only distinguish between different types of prey, but can also employ specific tactics to catch them. The tactics belong to a conditional strategy and are manifested in alternative: a) direction of approach, b) speed of approach, and c) other prey specific behaviors.
Mobile Apps Marketing Along with Web Mining Techniques in E-Commerce Applications

Online marketing via internet on mobile apps (which includes android, ios and windows app) along with web mining is an essential part of e-commerce. In the recent years, with the more use of mobile devices usage trends that grow exponentially, providing online marketing services for mobile users has been becoming business opportunities. Despite these opportunities, mobile marketing system using mobile apps along with web mining for e-commerce has not been widely studied. As mobile devices are personal tools, mobile marketing systems along with web mining must be properly designed such that users will accept the systems. Nowadays online business breaks the barrier of time and space as compared to the physical office. Big companies around the world are realizing that e-commerce is not just buying and selling over Internet, rather it improves the efficiency to compete with other giants in the market. This paper presents the design and prototype of an e-commerce mobile marketing system using mobile apps and also how web mining helps resolving user acceptance criteria, such as information personalization, privacy protection, up-todate content, payments, statistics and analysis of usage of e-commerce market on the internet. The proposed system integrates a marketing provider website and mobile applications used by shoppers. The design and prototype are provided for the web mining, website, mobile app applications and the communication between both sub-systems that employs web services and a cloud service. Prototype testing and evaluation have been performed to ensure that the proposed system works properly. Business over internet provides the opportunity to customers and partners where their products and specific business can be found. For this purpose data mining sometimes called as knowledge discovery is used. Web mining is data mining technique that is applied to the world wide web. There are vast quantities of information available over the Internet. General terms: Data mining techniques, e-commerce applications and web mining.