Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Persepsi komuniti setempat terhadap penjenamaan Kota Bharu sebagai bandar raya islam: satu tinjauan umum.

Negeri Kelantan terkenal sebagai sebuah negeri yang kaya dengan keunikan budaya, keenakan makanan tradisional dan keramahan para penduduknya. Kelantan adalah sebuah negeri yang agak konservatif dan terpinggir daripada segi pembangunan fizikal dan ekonominya. Namun begitu, Kelantan terkenal dengan jolokan Serambi Mekah iaitu kebanyakan masyarakatnya menitikberatkan pembudayaan agama Islam dalam amalan kehidupan harian. Antara strategi yang dirancang oleh kerajaan negeri bagi membangunkan Kelantan sebagai sebuah negeri yang membangun bersama Islam ialah dengan menjadikan Kota Bharu sebagai bandaraya Islam. Justeru, berdasarkan kajian yang sedang dibuat (research in progress), kertas kerja ini menerangkan proses penjenamaan bandar Kota Bharu sebagai bandaraya Islam dan implikasinya daripada segi ekonomi dan sahsiah penduduk sekitarnya. Kertas kerja ini juga mengenal pasti faedah-faedah yang diperolehi oleh penduduk melalui proses penjenamaan ini dan kerajaan negeri daripada segi pembangunan ekonomi komuniti setempat terutamanya dalam membangunkan sektor pelancongan negeri. Ia turut melaporkan persepsi penduduk sekitar Kota Bharu mengenai konsep bandaraya Islam yang diketengahkan oleh kerajaan negeri daripada segi pemahaman dan kebaikan konsep bandaraya Islam terhadap komuniti. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan ialah temu bual mendalam semi berstruktur. Untuk kajian ini, penulis telah menemu bual penduduk di sekitar Kota Bahru dengan berpandukan beberapa soalan yang berkaitan. Hasil kajian setakat ini menunjukkan majoriti responden masih kurang jelas dengan konsep bandaraya Islam dan faedah-faedah yang diperolehi melalui proses penjenamaan ini.
Clinical profiles of subjects with subcortical leukomalacia and border‐zone infarction revealed by MR

Clinical profiles of 13 children with subcortical leukomalacia and border‐zone infarction revealed by MR were analysed. The causes of brain damage were neonatal asphyxia, hypoglycaemia, circulatory disturbance associated with congenital heart diseases, and other perinatal events in five, three, two and three, respectively. Severe, moderate and mild mental retardation were present in three, five and five, respectively. Of the seven children who could walk alone, six had ataxia and one spastic diplegia; the remaining six manifested truncal instability. The ataxia was deduced to have resulted from cerebral lesions.
Cellular and membrane deformability of red blood cells in preterm infants with and without growth retardation.

Membrane and whole red cell deformability are essential for effective blood flow, oxygen uptake and release. Whole cell deformability (rheoscope with shear stresses of 0.6-30 Pa) and membrane shear elastic modulus (flow channel) of red blood cells (RBC) were studied in appropriate and small for gestational age preterm infants (28-32 wk of gestation), in healthy full-term neonates and in adults. No significant differences were found between the two groups of preterm infants. The preterm infants showed significantly increased RBC deformation in the rheoscope when compared to the full-term neonates who, in turn, showed more RBC deformation than adults. Correspondingly, the membrane shear elastic modulus (i.e., the resistance to elastic membrane deformation) was lower in the preterm infants than in the full-term neonates and lower in full-term infants than in adults. Thus, both whole cell and membrane deformability appear to be increased in preterm infants. Improved RBC deformability may aid in the maintenance of adequate blood circulation in preterm infants in spite of low vascular pressures.
Microalbuminuria is common, also in a nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population, and an independent indicator of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity

Abstract. Hillege HL, Janssen WMT, Bak AAA, Diercks GFH, Grobbee DE, Crijns HJGM, van Gilst WH, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE for the PREVEND Study group (University of Groningen and University Hospital Groningen, Groningen; University Medical centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands). Microalbuminuria is common, also in a nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population, and an independent indicator of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity. J Intern Med 2001; 249: 519–526.
Prespore cell inducing factor, ψ factor, controls both prestalk and prespore gene expression in Dictyostelium development

Prespore cell‐inducing (psi, ψ) factor (PsiA), encoded by the psiA gene of Dictyostelium, is a secreted signal glycoprotein that induces prespore cell differentiation when added to monolayer cultures. In situ hybridization during normal development showed that the psiA gene is highly expressed in scattered cells at the mound stage and in prespore cells at the onset of culmination. The conventional prespore‐cell marker genes, cotC and pspA, were expressed normally in psiA− and psiA overexpressing strains. Expressions of rnrB and cudA are repressed in the prestalk cells of a wild type slug to render prespore specific pattern. However, a promoter‐reporter fusion gene, rnrB:lacZ, showed an ectopic expression in the prestalk cells of the psiA− strain while cudA(psp):lacZ did so in those of the psiA overexpressing strain. Overexpression of psiA delayed expression of the prestalk specific gene, ecmB, during development, while knocking out psiA promoted its expression. In addition, overexpression inhibited DIF‐1‐induced stalk formation in monolayer cultures. Together with the known prespore inducing activity, the results indicate that PsiA regulates both prespore and prestalk/stalk cell differentiation. These results indicate that PsiA is also involved in prestalk cell differentiation.
Performance Evaluation of Clustering Methods in Microarray Data

DNA microarray experiments have emerged as one of the most popular tools for the large-scale analysis of gene expression. The challenge to the biologist is to apply appropriate statistical techniques to determine which changes are relevant. One of the tools is clustering. Clustering is a method to discern hidden patterns in data without the need for any supervision and in absence of any prior knowledge. Clustering is a popular method for analysis of microarray data. There are several challenges to clustering of microarray data. Unfortunately the results obtained from the common clustering algorithms are not consistent and even with multiple runs of different algorithms a further validation step is required. Due to absence of well-defined class labels, and unknown number of clusters, the unsupervised learning problem of finding optimal clustering is hard. Obtaining a consensus of judiciously obtained clustering not only provides stable results but also lends a high level of confidence in the quality of results. Several base algorithm runs are used to generate clustering and a co-association matrix of pairs of points is obtained using a configurable majority criterion. Synthetic as well as real world datasets are used in experiment and results obtained are compared using various internal and external validity measures. In this paper, results obtained from consensus clustering are consistent and more accurate than results from base algorithms. The consensus algorithm can identify the number of clusters and detect outliers.
The Risk Factors for Impulsivity‐Related Falls Among Hospitalized Older Adults

Purpose: Falls among older adults are a common, preventable problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Impulsivity is a known risk factor for older adult falls; however, there is a gap in evidence demonstrating the unique risk factors associated with impulsivity related falls (IRF). The research explored the association between seven fall risk factors and impulsivity related falls in hospitalized older adults in a community hospital. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study analyzed the association between seven fall risk factors and IRF in hospitalized older adults. Results: The sample (N = 233) included patients age 65 years and older who had a documented in‐patient fall in 2008. Of the falls, 29.7% were classified as IRF. The mean age of patients with IRF was 78 years, with the median day of fall being Day 5 of hospitalization/rehabilitation admission. Logistic regression demonstrated that only inattention and cognitive impairment were significant risk factors for IRF. Discussion: The incidence of IRF was 29.7%. Our findings also indicate that cognitive impairment and inattention are strongest predictors for IRF among usual risk factors. Conclusion: Early identification of the unique risk factors associated with IRF could improve identification and reduce fall rates among hospitalized older adults.
Output Feedback Stabilization of Systems with Nonlinearity of Unmeasured States Zhengtao Ding

This paper deals with global stabilization of a class of nonlinear dynamic systems using output feedback. The systems considered in the paper have nonlinear functions of unmeasured state variables, in addition to nonlinear functions of the system outputs. A nonlinear reduced order observer is proposed to estimate the unknown system state in the system. Estimated state variables are used for control design, together with the system output. Certain conditions are identified for the proposed observer and control design. Under those conditions, the proposed control design ensures the global stability of the closed-loop control system.
Hydrogen Sulfide Kinetics on PEM Fuel Cell Electrodes

A concise mechanism for the poisoning kinetics of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on composite solid polymer electrolyte Pt (SPE-Pt) electrode is presented. The simplified version of the mechanism is validated experimentally by charge balances and theoretically by a model, which predicts the oxidation current as a function of the applied potential. H2S dissociatively adsorbs onto SPE-Pt electrode as linear and bridge bonded sulfur (S) species and, under favorable potentials, undergoes electro-oxidation to sulfur and then to sulfur dioxide (SO2). A fraction of the adsorbed S species remains as ‘hard-to-oxidize’ adsorbents and causes irreversible loss of catalytic activity. Deactivation of bridge sites occurs first followed by the loss of linear sites.
National differences in incidence of acute mastoiditis: relationship to prescribing patterns of antibiotics for acute otitis media?

BACKGROUND Operating on the principle that most acute otitis media (AOM) episodes resolve without antibiotics, doctors in the Netherlands usually manage AOM in children with initial observation. Prescription of antibiotics is limited to children with a complicated course of AOM and those categorized as high risk. Consequently only 31% of patients with AOM receives antibiotics, compared with >90% in most other countries. OBJECTIVE To substantiate the suggestion that this restrictive use of antibiotics leads to a higher incidence of acute mastoiditis. METHODS A comparative study across several European countries, Canada, Australia and the United States was performed in the period 1991 to 1998. The incidence rate of acute mastoiditis was defined as the total number of patients age 14 years and younger discharged from all hospitals with the primary diagnosis of acute mastoiditis, during a specified period (usually 5 years), divided by the number of person years (py) in that same age range and period. The latter was calculated by totaling the midyear population estimate of children age 14 years and younger of each year. The 95% confidence intervals and incidence rate ratios were calculated to compare the observed rates. RESULTS The incidence rate of acute mastoiditis in the Netherlands, with a low antibiotic prescription rate for AOM, was 3.8/100,000 py; in Norway and Denmark, with high prescription rates, the incidence rate was comparable at 3.5/100,000 py and 4.2/100,000 py, respectively. In all other countries with very high prescription rates, incidence rates were considerably lower, ranging from 1.2 to 2.0/100,000 py. The incidence rate in the Netherlands was about twice that in the United States (rate ratio, 0.5). CONCLUSION The incidence rate of acute mastoiditis in the Netherlands is higher than in many countries with higher antibiotic prescription rates. Although the potential benefits of restricted use of antibiotics (i.e. cost reduction, fewer side effects from antibiotics and less antimicrobial resistance) are beyond dispute, such strategy may be associated with a somewhat higher incidence of acute mastoiditis.
Vagal selective effects of ruthenium red on the jejunal afferent fibre response to ischaemia in the rat

Abstract A variety of inflammatory mediators and local metabolites, have been implicated in the sensitivity of intestinal afferent fibres to brief periods of ischaemia and reperfusion. As yet, the contribution of the vanilloid transient receptor potential (TRPV)1 receptor to the response to intestinal ischaemia remains undetermined. In the present study, the effect of pretreatment with the competitive TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine and the non‐selective TRPV channel antagonist ruthenium red, on the mesenteric afferent fibre response to ischaemia was examined. In control animals there was a reproducible biphasic increase in whole nerve afferent fibre activity during two brief periods of ischaemia. Treatment with ruthenium red significantly attenuated the early phase increase in afferent fibre activity during ischaemia. However, capsazepine treatment did not significantly alter the afferent fibre response to either ischaemia or reperfusion. Further experiments in chronically vagotomized animals indicated that the early phase response to ischaemia was mediated via vagal afferent fibres. The mechanism via which ruthenium red selectively inhibited vagal afferent fibres during ischaemia is unknown, but it does not appear to involve blockade of the TRPV1 receptor.
Regional Ionosphere Modeling Based on Multi-GNSS Data and TPS Interpolation

GNSS signals have become a valuable tool in studying the Earth's ionosphere as their dual-frequency observables allow for calculation ionospheric total electron content (TEC). Recent studies estimated relative error of popular GNSS-TEC maps at the level of 20-30 %. This motivates research community to develop new modelling and interpolation methods. In this paper, we demonstrate new approach to GNSS-TEC estimation. In the new approach we use solely carrier phase multi-GNSS observables and thin plate splines (TPS) for accurate ionosphere modeling. The model allows for providing TEC maps for Europe with high spatial and temporal resolutions - 0.2x0. 2 degrees and 2.5 minutes, respectively. In addition, we present the performance of our approach during one the most intense ionospheric storms of 24th Solar cycle that took place in March 2015. The results showed that the accuracy of our maps was better with residuals lower by at least 50 % comparing the widely used product.
Disturbed enamel formation in wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) from fluoride polluted areas in central Europe

The pathological alterations of enamel structure in the teeth of wild boars from fluoride polluted areas in N‐Bohemia (Czech Republic) and S‐Saxony (Germany) were studied on a macroscopic and a microscopic level. Mandibular bone fluoride concentration (mg F−/kg, dry wt; mean ± SD, individuals <24 months of age) in the specimens from N‐Bohemia (754.3 ± 149.6) and S‐Saxony (490.8 ± 135.1) was significantly higher than that of controls (free of dental fluorosis), originating from the western part of Germany (304.7 ± 91.0). Fluoride content in bulk enamel (mg F−/kg, ash wt) of fluorotic permanent teeth from N‐Bohemia (382.1 ± 165.2) and S‐Saxony (125.0 ± 38.3) was likewise significantly increased over that of non‐fluorotic control teeth from W‐Germany (33.6 ± 26.7). Macroscopically, fluorosed wild boar enamel exhibited opacity and discoloration of varying extent, accentuated perikymata as well as hypoplastic and posteruptive surface defects. Microradiographic and scanning electron microscopic analyses revealed enamel subsurface hypomineralization, accentuated Retzius lines and occurrence of broad, hypomineralized incremental bands of abnormal structure underlying hypoplastic enamel surface defects. The presence of zones of aprismatic enamel was associated with these bands. Incremental bands with altered enamel structure and enamel surface hypoplasias, both denoting a severe disturbance during the secretory stage of amelogenesis, have previously been observed in rodents following acute parenteral fluoride dosing. It is concluded that in the chronically fluoride exposed wild boars periods of especially elevated plasma fluoride levels exerted an acute toxic effect on the secretory ameloblasts. A feature not previously reported from fluorosed enamel was the occurrence of canal‐like structures that originated at the broad incremental bands and extended into the external enamel. The presence of these canals presumably results from a delay in the resumption of secretory activity by groups of ameloblasts following a fluoride insult. Based on experimental evidence in domestic pigs and in sheep, the overall subsurface hypomineralization of fluorosed wild boar enamel is attributed to a disturbance of enamel maturation. The distribution of fluorotic enamel changes within the dentition of the wild boars could be related to the developmental sequence of tooth formation in the species. Teeth whose crown formation took place prenatally (deciduous teeth) or largely pre‐weaning (permanent first molars) exhibited no or only moderate fluorotic enamel alterations. Based on the extension of enamel surface hypoplasias along the coronoapical axes of the tooth crowns, the timing of excess fluoride exposure that caused a marked disruption of enamel matrix secretion was estimated in specimens with a known date of death. The results indicate that the wild boars had been exposed to a particularly severe fluoride impact during autumn and winter of their first year of life. Anat Rec 259:12–24, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contention-Aware Dynamic Memory Bandwidth Isolation with Predictability in COTS Multicores: An Avionics Case Study

Airbus is investigating COTS multicore platforms for safety-critical avionics applications, pursuing helicopter-style autonomous and electric aircraft. These aircraft need to be ultra-lightweight for future mobility in the urban city landscape. As a step towards certification, Airbus identified the need for new methods that preserve the ARINC 653 single core schedule of a Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS) application while scheduling additional safety-critical partitions on the other cores. As some partitions in the HTAWS application are memory-intensive, static memory bandwidth throttling may lead to slow down of such partitions or provide only little remaining bandwidth to the other cores. Thus, there is a need for dynamic memory bandwidth isolation. This poses new challenges for scheduling, as execution times and scheduling become interdependent: scheduling requires execution times as input, which depends on memory latencies and contention from memory accesses of other cores - which are determined by scheduling. Furthermore, execution times depend on memory access patterns. In this paper, we propose a method to solve this problem for slot-based time-triggered systems without requiring application source-code modifications using a number of dynamic memory bandwidth levels. It is NoC and DRAM controller contention-aware and based on the existing interference-sensitive WCET computation and the memory bandwidth throttling mechanism. It constructs schedule tables by assigning partitions and dynamic memory bandwidth to each slot on each core, considering worst case memory access patterns. Then at runtime, two servers - for processing time and memory bandwidth - run on each core, jointly controlling the contention between the cores and the amount of memory accesses per slot. As a proof-of-concept, we use a constraint solver to construct tables. Experiments on the P4080 COTS multicore platform, using a research OS from Airbus and EEMBC benchmarks, demonstrate that our proposed method enables preserving existing schedules on a core while scheduling additional safety-critical partitions on other cores, and meets dynamic memory bandwidth isolation requirements.
Variations in Maternal Behaviour are Associated with Differences in Oxytocin Receptor Levels in the Rat

Female Long‐Evans rats exhibit stable individual differences in maternal behaviours such as pup licking/grooming and arched‐back nursing posture (LG‐ABN). These variations in maternal behaviour are accompanied by differences in lactation‐induced increases in oxytocin receptor levels in brain regions known to mediate the expression of maternal care in this species (i.e. the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial preoptic area and the lateral septum). Oxytocin receptor levels in the central nucleus of the amygdala were significantly higher in high compared to low LG‐ABN females regardless of reproductive status. These findings suggest that individual differences in maternal behaviour may be directly related to variations in oxytocin receptor expression.
Accounting for unobservable exposure time bias when using Medicare prescription drug data.

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and correlates of unobservable medication exposure time, and to recommend approaches for minimizing bias, in studies using Medicare Part D data. SAMPLE 179,065 Medicare patients hospitalized for an AMI in 2007 or 2008. METHODS We compared two methods for creating medication exposure observation periods using acute care discharge vs. post-acute care discharge dates. We examined options for increasing cohort sizes by requiring different thresholds for observable days, or by using as a covariate, in the observation period. We calculated the extent and health status correlates of unobserved Medicare Part D exposure time and examined its association with receipt of beta-blockers. RESULTS 39% of patients had unobservable time during the 30 day exposure assessment period following acute care; they were significantly older, had more comorbidity and longer acute care stays, had worse 1-year survival, and were significantly less likely to be classified as beta-blocker users. Using the alternative exposure assessment window, only 29% of the sample had unobservable time, and differences between groups were less pronounced. Significant gains in sample size can be obtained by restricting or controlling for the number of observable days required in the exposure assessment period. CONCLUSIONS Unobservable exposure time is common among Medicare Part D beneficiaries, and they are often in worse health. To retain patients with unobservable exposure time, we recommend stratifying patients on receipt of post-acute facility-based care, calculating and using observable days as a covariate and, when appropriate, using the discharge date from contiguous post-acute facility care for beginning the exposure assessment period.