Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global mapping of c-Myc binding sites and target gene networks in human B cells

The protooncogene MYC encodes the c-Myc transcription factor that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Although deregulation of MYC contributes to tumorigenesis, it is still unclear what direct Myc-induced transcriptomes promote cell transformation. Here we provide a snapshot of genome-wide, unbiased characterization of direct Myc binding targets in a model of human B lymphoid tumor using ChIP coupled with pair-end ditag sequencing analysis (ChIP-PET). Myc potentially occupies >4,000 genomic loci with the majority near proximal promoter regions associated frequently with CpG islands. Using gene expression profiles with ChIP-PET, we identified 668 direct Myc-regulated gene targets, including 48 transcription factors, indicating that Myc is a central transcriptional hub in growth and proliferation control. This first global genomic view of Myc binding sites yields insights of transcriptional circuitries and cis regulatory modules involving Myc and provides a substantial framework for our understanding of mechanisms of Myc-induced tumorigenesis.
The design and implementation of digital temperature measurement and automatic control system

We designed a digital temperature measurement and automatic control system with virtual instrument. This system, employing computers, USB data collecting cards and LabVIEW software, working with temperature sensors, realizes measuring, showing temperature digitally and automatic control. It can measure, display temperature value, show temperature curve, give prompting message and alarm. Furthermore, it can automatically control system under test heating or cooling as required making use of semiconductor chip cooling, causing the temperature varying within a certain range, achieving thermostatically control based on computer. The accuracy of temperature measurement and control attained can be ±0.1°C, while the fluctuation range of temperature can be limited within ±1°C.
Spatial configuration of polynucleotide chains. II. Conformational energies and the average dimensions of polyribonucleotides

Conformational energies are calculated for pairs of successive bond rotations within an internal residue of a polyribonucleotide chain. Contributions to these energies include bond torsional strain, van der Waals repulsions, London attractions, electrostatic interactions, and inductive interactions between nonbonded atoms in the nucleotide repeat unit. The average dimensions of unperturbed random‐coil polyribonucleotide chains are then evaluated on the basis of energies thus estimated, using for this purpose the previously developed virtual bond treatment. The characteristic ratio \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ C_\infty = \mathop {{\rm lim}}\limits_{n \to \infty } (\langle r^2 \rangle_0/nl^2) $\end{document} of the mean‐square end‐to‐end distance calculated for polyribonucleotide chains in which all pentose rings are fixed in a C3′‐endo conformation is ≈9; for chains consisting exclusively of C2′‐endo units it is ≈25. These values are considerably greater than those obtained by giving equal weight to all conformations judged to be sterically allowed. Satisfactory agreement between the calculations here and experimental values from viscosity and light‐scattering studies is achieved by treating the chain as a random copolymer of C3′‐endo and C2′‐endo conformational isomers. The critical dependence of the characteristic ratio on the rotation about bond C3′–O3′ in the C2′‐endo chain, however, obscures the interpretation of chain dimensions. The chain is also treated in higher approximation as a sequence of independent repeat units, each of which consists of six chemical bonds. The characteristic ratio obtained in this manner is 6.5 for the C3′‐endo chain and 18.5 for the C2′‐endo chain. Finally, the effects of partially stacked conformations in polyribonucleotides are investigated using the virtual bond treatment. Chain dimensions are calculated for random coil poly rA chains in which stacking is introduced by both noncooperative and cooperative processes.
Virulence factors in Escherichia coli with CTX-M-15 and other extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the UK.

OBJECTIVES Multiresistant Escherichia coli with CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) are widespread in the UK. We examined their phylogenetic groups and virulence factors. METHODS Clinical E. coli isolates (n = 114), collected between 2003 and 2006, were phylogenetically grouped and screened by PCR for 33 virulence factor genes. They included representatives of the five major UK epidemic E. coli strains with CTX-M-15 enzyme, as well as non-clonal isolates with CTX-M or other types of ESBLs. RESULTS All representatives of the epidemic E. coli strains belonged to the virulent extra-intestinal phylogenetic group B2, as did 60% (34/56) of the non-clonal isolates with CTX-M-15-like enzymes and 75% (15/20) of those with non-CTX-M ESBLs. Half of those with CTX-M-9-like enzymes belonged to virulence group D. Within phylogenetic group B2, the prevalence of most virulence factors was comparable among clonal and non-clonal isolates with CTX-M enzymes, and among those with non-CTX-M ESBLs. The most frequent virulence genes were PAI, fimH, fyuA, iutA, kpsMTII, K5, traT, uidA and usp. Among the five epidemic clones, afa/draBC was specific to strain A, whereas P fimbriae were only detected in strain D, and only representatives of the B-C-E group specifically harboured sfaS, kpsMTII and K5. However, afa/draBC was also found in 30% of non-clonal isolates with CTX-M ESBLs, and no virulence gene was unique to the epidemic strains. CONCLUSIONS Most E. coli with CTX-M ESBLs belonged to virulent phylogenetic groups, mainly B2. The successful epidemic strains did not appear more virulent, but iutA and fyuA were significantly more prevalent among these than in non-clonal isolates also belonging to phylogenetic group B2. The most successful clone with CTX-M-15 enzyme (A) differed from other epidemic clones in harbouring afa/draBC, but this was also found in non-clonal isolates with CTX-M-15 enzyme.
Highly performant double gate MOSFET realized with SON process

Utilizing the SON (silicon on nothing) process, highly performant double gate devices have been processed in a planar configuration. Two families of devices were obtained (high performance and low power) with very high Ion/Ioff trade off. Drive currents of 1954 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m (Ioff = 283 nA//spl mu/m) and 1333 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m (Ioff = 1 nA//spl mu/m) are obtained at 1.2 V with Tox = 20 /spl Aring/ and Lgate = 70 nm. DIBL is very well controlled, measured below 60 mV for gates as short as 40 nm. These features place our devices among the most performant ever reported.
Closed loop control strategy of back to back PWM converter fed by PMSG using PLECS toolbox on Matlab/Simulink for wind energy application

This paper presents an alternative closed-loop control strategy approach of back to back two-level voltage source converter to regulate the dc link voltage. Both rotor speed of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) side and the DC-link voltage of load side are controlled by a PI controller. Modeling and simulation of the control structure has been carried out using PLECS toolbox on Matlab/Simulink environment. PLECS is a software package for modeling and simulating dynamic systems. It is preferable for high-speed simulations of circuit-oriented electric and electronic systems. The validity and performance of the proposed control scheme has been verified by simulation results and is in agreement with what is expected. The simulation results demonstrate that the controller is capable of maintaining constant dc-link voltage under dynamic and steady-state performance of the system.
Do adolescents want to hear preventive counseling messages in outpatient settings?

BACKGROUND In response to the high prevalence of health-risk behaviors among adolescents, policy agencies have urged primary care clinicians to discuss these behaviors with all adolescents. Yet such discussions frequently do not take place. A commonly mentioned barrier is the clinician perception that patients are not interested in, or are embarrassed by, such discussions. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of this perception by conducting a survey of adolescents. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 305 adolescents, ages 11 to 16 years, waiting to be seen in three community health centers and three private practices. The questionnaire queried adolescents' willingness to talk about eight preventive counseling topics with health care practitioners, and information was collected on variables that might influence willingness. Descriptive frequencies were generated. Chisquare analysis and stratification assessed differences between groups. RESULTS A majority of adolescents felt that it is a clinician's job to discuss health risk behaviors. On the current visit, however, fewer than 20% wanted to talk about drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, or depression; fewer than 40% about sex; and fewer than 55% about diet or exercise. Adolescents reporting previous conversations on a topic were more likely to want to talk about that issue at the current visit. Willingness to talk did not vary by visit type (well care vs acute care). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that adolescents are hesitant to discuss health risk behaviors with clinicians, but the findings also suggest that receptivity increases if clinicians address these topics on repeat occasions.
Hypothermia in trauma victims: an ominous predictor of survival.

Hypothermia in trauma patients is generally considered an ominous sign, although the actual temperature at which hypothermia affects survival is ill defined. In this study, the impact of body core hypothermia on outcome in 71 adult trauma patients with Injury Severity Scores (ISS) greater than or equal to 25 was analyzed. Forty-two per cent of the patients had a core temperature (Tc) below 34 degrees C, 23% below 33 degrees C, and 13% below 32 degrees C. The mortality of hypothermia patients was consistently greater than those who remained warm, regardless of index core temperature. Mortality if Tc less than 34 degrees C = 40%, less than 33 degrees C = 69%, less than 32 degrees C = 100%, whereas mortality if Tc greater than or equal to 34 degrees C = 7%, and greater than or equal to 32 degrees C = 10%. Mortality and the incidence of hypothermia increased with higher ISS, massive fluid resuscitation, and the presence of shock. Within each subgroup (i.e., greater ISS, massive fluid administration, shock) the mortality of hypothermic patients was significantly higher than those who remained warm. No patient whose core temperature fell below 32 degrees C survived.
Genetic Counselling for Trisomy 20 Mosaicism in Amniotic Fluid Cell Cultures

Abstract. Trisomy 20 mosaicism in amniotic fluid cell cultures has an obscure origin and significance. In only a few cases has the mosaicism been confirmed in fetal tissues, but never in neonatal tissues. There is some indication that the trisomic cells might originate from epithelial cells deriving from the urinary tract. A review of 20 demonstrated cases reveals that no consistent malformation pattern is associated with this finding. Since it is questionable whether the presence of this mosaicism in amniocentesis can be regarded as a manifestation of abnormal fetal development, we suggest that it does not justify interruption of pregnancy. Postnatal cytogenetic studies and follow‐up are indicated in these infants.
Bulky DNA adducts as risk indicators of lung cancer in a Danish case‐cohort study

Ole Raaschou-Nielsen*, Birthe L. Thomsen, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, Ulla Vogel, Helle Bak, Herman Autrup and Steffen Loft Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Improved axial ratio quality for radio telescope applications with a phased array feed

Circularly polarized radiation is frequently used in satellite communication. This paper discusses how circular polarization can be generated by means of an array of linearly-polarized antenna elements by applying the sequential rotation technique. A calibration method is used to improve the axial ratio from ±30° to ±60° off bore sight by using a 4-bit accuracy for the active components. A measurement campaign was organized based on a demonstrator developed at ASTRON. The calibration of the axial ratio is applied to the measured element patterns of the ASTRON egg-crate structure antenna array operating at 7.14 GHz. The results prove that the axial ratio can be improved significantly. Finally the same technique will be applied to a linear array operating at 20 GHz with sequential rotation configuration in front of the reflector to improve the axial ratio in the boresight direction.
Incidence of and mortality from acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the United Kingdom. Steering Committee and members of the National Audit of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE To describe the current epidemiology of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. DESIGN Population based, unselected, multicentre, prospective survey. SETTING 74 hospitals receiving emergency admissions in four health regions in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS 4185 cases of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in which patients were aged over 16 years identified over four months. OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence and mortality. RESULTS The overall incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the United Kingdom is 103/100,000 adults per year. The incidence rises from 23 in those aged under 30 to 485 in those aged over 75. At all ages incidence in men was more than double that in women except in elderly patients. 14% of the haemorrhages occurred in inpatients already in hospital for some other reason. In 27% of cases (37% female, 19% male) patients were aged over 80. Overall mortality was 14% (11% in emergency admissions and 33% in haemorrhage in inpatients). In the emergency admissions, 65% of deaths in those aged under 80 were associated with malignancy or organ failure at presentation. Mortality for patients under 60 in the absence of malignancy or organ failure at presentation was 0.8%. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is twice that previously reported in England and similar to that reported in Scotland. The incidence increases appreciably with age. Although the proportion of elderly patients continues to rise and mortality increases steeply with age, age standardised mortality is lower than in earlier studies. Deaths occurred almost exclusively in very old patients or those with severe comorbidity.
Warning leak in subarachnoid haemorrhage.

SIR,-We would like to comment on the case report presented by Dr H Montgomery' and the subsequent letter from Mr I R Whittle concerning the safety of stereotactic biopsy guided by computed tomography.2 Brain biopsy guided by ultrasonography and carried out through a burr hole with the Berger neurobiopsy device is a simpler and cheaper alternative to the use of a stereotactic frame.3 It does not require the patient to be moved from the theatre to the scanining suite and back again under general anaesthesia. The Berger device is screwed into the burr hole in theatre and ultrasonography is performed to identify the lesion for biopsy. After alignment of the probe holder and needle guide the biopsy needle can be advanced to the appropriate depth. Assessment of the ultrasound image enables biopsy specimens to be taken from the echogenic rim of a lesion, where living cells are more likely to be found, rather than from the necrotic centre. Biopsy specimens can be taken from multiple sites through the one burr hole. Also, the lesion may be rescanned after each pass of the needle and any haemorrhage identified, enabling prompt treatment without necessitating return to a computed tomographic scanner. We have just reported our initial experience with the device in 49 patients4 and consider it to be a valuable alternative to stereotaxis guided by computed tomography in many cases. In our small series there was no appreciable morbidity associated with the procedure and no deaths occurred.
An official american thoracic society statement: work-exacerbated asthma.

RATIONALE Occupational exposures can contribute to the exacerbation as well as the onset of asthma. However, work-exacerbated asthma (WEA) has received less attention than occupational asthma (OA) that is caused by work. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this Statement is to summarize current knowledge about the descriptive epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management and treatment of WEA; propose a case definition for WEA; and discuss needs for prevention and research. METHODS Information about WEA was identified primarily by systematic searches of the medical literature. Statements about prevention and research needs were reached by consensus. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS WEA is defined as the worsening of asthma due to conditions at work. WEA is common, with a median prevalence of 21.5% among adults with asthma. Different types of agents or conditions at work may exacerbate asthma. WEA cases with persistent work-related symptoms can have clinical characteristics (level of severity, medication needs) and adverse socioeconomic outcomes (unemployment, reduction in income) similar to those of OA cases. Compared with adults with asthma unrelated to work, WEA cases report more days with symptoms, seek more medical care, and have a lower quality of life. WEA should be considered in any patient with asthma that is getting worse or who has work-related symptoms. Management of WEA should focus on reducing work exposures and optimizing standard medical management, with a change in jobs only if these measures are not successful. CONCLUSIONS WEA is a common and underrecognized adverse outcome resulting from conditions at work. Additional research is needed to improve the understanding of the risk factors for, and mechanisms and outcomes of, WEA, and to inform and evaluate preventive interventions.
European Breast Cancer Service Screening Outcomes: A First Balance Sheet of the Benefits and Harms

A recent comprehensive review has been carried out to quantify the benefits and harms of the European population-based mammographic screening programs. Five literature reviews were conducted on the basis of the observational published studies evaluating breast cancer mortality reduction, breast cancer overdiagnosis, and false-positive results. On the basis of the studies reviewed, the authors present a first estimate of the benefit and harm balance sheet. For every 1,000 women screened biennially from ages 50 to 51 years until ages 68 to 69 years and followed up until age 79 years, an estimated seven to nine breast cancer deaths are avoided, four cases are overdiagnosed, 170 women have at least one recall followed by noninvasive assessment with a negative result, and 30 women have at least one recall followed by invasive procedures yielding a negative result. The chance of a breast cancer death being avoided by population-based mammography screening of appropriate quality is more than that of overdiagnosis by screening. These outcomes should be communicated to women offered service screening in Europe. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1159–63. ©2014 AACR.
A high symmetry polysilicon micro hemispherical resonating gyroscope with spherical electrodes

This paper presents a highly symmetric micro-scale hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG) made of polysilicon with spherical electrodes. The spherical electrodes enhance transduction area (1.1 mm2). Meanwhile, the gyroscope has small gap size (1.8 μm) between electrodes and resonators. These two features enable mode match operation of the resonator with low voltage supply. The quality factor of the wineglass mode is measured to be 22000 at 14184 Hz with a frequency split of 10 Hz between the two n = 2 degenerate modes. The frequency split can be minimized from 0.07% to 0.003% (0.51 Hz) by applying low tuning voltages of 2 V and 1.6 V on the electrodes of 22.5° and 45°, respectively, which would significantly reduce power supply and simplify the circuit of the high-performance HRG.
On the Realization of a Kolmogorov Network

with Q 2 2N + 1 provides theoretical support for neural networks that implement multivariate mappings (Hecht-Nielson 1987; Lippmann 1987). Girosi and Poggio (1989) criticized Kolmogorov's theorem as irrelevant. They based their criticism mainly on the fact that the inner functions p,,. are highly nonsmooth and the output functions gq are not in a parameterized form. However, this criticism was not convincing: Kurkova (1991) argued that highly nonsmooth functions can be regarded as limits or sums of infinite series of smooth functions, and the problems in realizing a Kolmogorov network can be eliminated through approximately implementing (~4. and g, with known networks. In this note we present our view on the discussion from a more essential point of view. Since ( P, . in equation 0.1 should be universal, Kolmogorov's theorem can be regarded as a proof of a transformation of representation of multivariate functions in terms of the Q univariate output functions g,. [In some improved versions of Kolmogorov's theorem it is proved that only one g in equation 0.1 is necessary (Lorentz 19661.1 Such a strategy is embedded in the network structure as shown in Figure 1. (Note that the block T is independent off.) If Figure 1 is thought of as a general network structure for approximation of multivariate functions, a question is whether an arbitrarily given multivariate function f can be (approximately) implemented through an (approximate) implementation of the corresponding Q univariate functions g,. To this question we have an answer as stated below:
Impact of package parasitics on the EMC performance of smart power SoCs

The paper deals with the propagation of EMI in Smart Power SoCs through high frequency parasitic paths, i.e. silicon substrate, and it focuses on the interaction between on-chip parasitic capacitors and package parasitic elements, that negatively affects IC electromagnetic emission. The paper highlights such unwanted parasitic effects through computer simulations and experimental test results. Finally, a new grounding scheme to improve the EMC performance of such integrated circuits is presented.
Incidence of immediate allergy to latex gloves in hospital personnel

Latex surgical gloves may cause contact urticaria and serious allergic reactions in sensitized persons, but the frequency of this allergy is not known. In the present study, 512 hospital employees were screened with a latex‐glove scratch‐chamber test: 23 (4.5%) were suspected and 15 (2.9%) were proven allergic with latex prick and use tests. All of them were doctors and nurses, and 12 had had contact urticaria but no special symptoms. They could continue their routine work using cotton or vinyl undergloves or special latex surgical gloves. Atopy, hand eczema and surgical work seemed to be predisposing factors. In operating units, 7.4% of the doctors and 5.6% of the nurses were allergic; the frequency was lower in non‐operating units and among laboratory personnel. The high frequency of latex glove allergy, especially in operating units, focuses attention on the quality of surgical latex gloves