Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental Ceramics-Past , Present and Future – Literature Review

Fixed prosthodontics in dentistry (Historical Considerations) The word Ceramic originated from the Greek term keramos meaning “potter or pottery”. Restorative dentistry can be traced back to early Egyptian times. Dentistry existed in Etruria but remained relatively undeveloped until the 18th century. At that time dental prosthesis were made from human teeth, animal teeth carved to human size and shape and porcelain (Kelly, Nishimura et al. 1996). Human teeth were difficult to procure and when found were expensive. Animal teeth on the other hand corroded easily due to the nature salivary agents. John Greenwood used hippopotamus teeth for George Washington’s denture (Johnson 1959; Kelly, Nishimura et al. 1996). The desire for an aesthetic and durable material led to the use of porcelain in dentistry. Porcelain has had a wide variety of applications through the centuries; the Chinese manufactured porcelain as early as the 9th century and the French and English in the 18th century used porcelain for dinner ware (Anusavice 2003). The introduction of porcelain in dentistry by Alexis Duchateau in 1774 is one of the most significant historic developments in dentistry. There have been some reports that in 1728 Fuchard, a French dentist, used baked enamel (Capon, 1927)(Anusavice 2003). Duchateau, a French apothecary was dissatisfied with his dentures as they were stained. He noticed that on the other hand his glazed ceramic utensils seemed resistant to chemicals and grinding. This was probably the source of his novel idea to make himself a set of mineral dentures. The main problem Duchateau had to overcome was the large firing contraction of porcelain. He tried resolving it by the use of oversized models however was largely unsuccessful. He was only successful after his collaboration with a dentist called Nicolas Dubois de Chemant, after which the method of fabrication greatly improved. In 1808 an Italian dentist invented a “ terrometallic” porcelain tooth which was held into place by a platinum pin which was subsequently improved by Ash in 1837.The first porcelain crown was developed by Land in 1903(Lynch, O'Sullivan et al. 2006). The increased demand for aesthetics led to the development of all ceramic restorations. McLean added aluminium oxide to feldspathic porcelain in order to develop a superior dental material. The addition of aluminium oxide improved physical and mechanical properties however the material appeared to be still be extremely brittle. The material also lacked tensile strength, wear resistance, needed a veneering porcelain and had poor marginal adaptation; it did though lead to the development of an all ceramic restoration that could withstand deformation without fracturing (Anusavice 2003).
Adaptation des traitements chez la personne âgée hospitalisée : la justification dans le courrier de sortie est-elle vraiment un atout ?

Chez les sujets âges, la hierarchisation des problemes medicaux et des propositions therapeutiques est un enjeu majeur de sante publique. Une hospitalisation dans un service de geriatrie est un moment privilegie pour adapter les prescriptions. Ces modifications therapeutiques ne semblent pas toujours suivies a domicile. Nous avons analyse pendant un mois les ordonnances a l'admission et a la sortie d'hospitalisation de tous les patients de plus de 65 ans, hospitalises dans le service de geriatrie du centre hospitalier de Voiron, ainsi que l'information faite dans le courrier de sortie. Un suivi a un mois a ete realise afin de recueillir la nouvelle ordonnance de chaque patient. Les patients transferes (autres services, reeducation) ou decedes ont ete exclus. Trente sept patients d'âge moyen de 84,6 ± 6,1 ans ont ete inclus. L'ordonnance compte en moyenne 8,3 ± 3,9 medicaments a l'admission et 8,9 ± 3,8 medicaments a la sortie (p=0,47). 132 medicaments ont ete modifies. Une justification a ete retrouvee dans le courrier de sortie pour 67% des medicaments arretes et 80% des medicaments introduits. Nous ne pouvons pas affirmer la presence d'un lien entre le suivi par le medecin traitant des modifications therapeutiques, qu'il s'agisse d'une introduction ou d'un arret de medicament, et la presence d'une explication dans le courrier de sortie. Nous observons que 89,5% des arrets et 78,5% des introductions ont ete suivis en ambulatoire par le medecin traitant. Il est difficile d'analyser cet excellent taux de suivi en raison de nombreux biais : etude unicentrique, absence de comparaison selon les medecins traitants et selon le type de transmission d'information.
Online Data Collection in Women's Health Research: A Study of Perimenopausal Women with Migraines

An estimated 17 to 18 percent of all women, and 6 percent of men, experience migraines. Hormonal shifts may cause migraines to recur, worsen, or even begin during the perimenopause and are a significant cause of discomfort and disability. However, very little research has explored the experience of migraines in this population. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of perimenopausal women with migraines, via online questionnaires and discussion boards, and to evaluate the feasibility of collecting women's health data via the Internet. In an earlier study, we found that midlife women had difficulty attending focus groups due to other time commitments. This study was designed to increase accessibility to the research via the Internet. Of the 43 women recruited into the study, 21 were also interviewed in "real-time" qualitative interviews; all received passwords to complete online questionnaires and participate in three- to four-week discussion boards on the study Web site. Quantitative data were imported into SPSS; narrative qualitative data from discussion boards were transferred to a software package for analysis. Online questionnaires and discussion boards were found to be feasible methods for data collection for this population. Qualitative data analysis revealed themes related to women's efforts to predict and control their headaches, the relationship of headaches to women's menses and menopausal symptoms, and the effects of migraines on their lives. In this paper we describe the process of using the Internet, feminist issues related to this innovative methodology, and also discuss the results of a major study theme, the experience of headaches in relationship to the menstrual cycle.
Dietary influences on plasma and urinary metanephrines: implications for diagnosis of catecholamine-producing tumors.

CONTEXT Measurements of the 3-O-methylated metabolites of catecholamines [metanephrines (MNs)] in plasma or urine are recommended for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. It is unclear whether these tests are susceptible to dietary influences. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the short-term influence of a catecholamine-rich diet on plasma and urinary fractionated MNs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a crossover study in a specialist medical center involving 26 healthy adults. INTERVENTIONS Subjects consumed catecholamine-rich nuts and fruits at fixed times on one day (about 35 mumol dopamine and 1 mumol norepinephrine) and catecholamine-poor products on another day. Blood and urine samples were collected at timed intervals before, during, and after experimental and control interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Isotope-dilution mass spectrometry-based measurements of plasma and urinary concentrations of free and deconjugated 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), normetanephrine (NMN), and MN were made. RESULTS The catecholamine-rich diet had substantial effects (up to 3-fold increases) on plasma concentrations and urinary outputs of free and deconjugated 3-MT. Dietary catecholamines had negligible influences on free NMN in plasma and urine, but substantial effects (up to 2-fold increases) on deconjugated NMN in plasma and urine. Concentrations of free and deconjugated MN in plasma and urine remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Dietary restrictions should be considered to minimize false-positive results for urinary and plasma deconjugated MNs during diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Similar considerations appear warranted for plasma and urinary free 3-MT, but not for free NMN or MN, indicating advantages of measurements of the free compared to deconjugated metabolites.
1 Disability and the Labour Market : A Review of the Empirical Evidence

This review of the existing evidence on the impact of disability on labour market outcomes draws together the key themes in the literature and by considering a range of evidence provides a comprehensive overview of the significant negative effects disability has on both employment and earnings. Importantly, this paper is able to identify specific features of the disabled group that complicate their labour market analysis and, as such, examines the impact of different techniques and assumptions on the empirical results. In addition, recent evidence relating to significant changes in legislation affecting the disabled, such as the introduction of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the US and the Disability Discrimination Act in the UK, is considered. JEL Classification: I1, J7.
Hardware Implementation of an Iterative Receiver for MIMO-OFDM Systems ( first version )

Today iterative receivers have proved their efficiency in ca celling interference in the field of wireless communications. However their complexity is of ten presented as a brake for their use in real systems. In this paper an efficient hardware implemen tatio of an iterative receiver for a 4 × 4 MIMO system is presented. An architecture of MMSE iterative receiver for MIMO-OFDM systems is proposed to limit latency and complexity of the it erative process: MMSE equalization implementation is realized thanks to CORDIC operators; the scheduling between MIMO detection and channel decoding is optimized and specific interleaving fu ctions are introduced to reduce latency and accelerate the convergence process. The implemented re c iver is integrated in an hardware testbench and compared in terms of complexity and performan ce with a non iterative solution.
Clinical pharmacokinetic study for the effect of glimepiride matrix tablets developed by quality by design concept

Abstract Objective: Implementation of a new pharmaceutical technique to improve aqueous solubility and thus dissolution, enhancement of drug permeation, and finally formulation of a controlled release tablet loaded with glimepiride (GLMP). Significance: Improve GLMP bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in type II diabetic patients. Methods: Different polymers were used to enhance aqueous GLMP solubility of which a saturated polymeric drug solution was prepared and physically adsorbed onto silica. An experimental design was employed to optimize the formulation parameters affecting the preparation of GLMP matrix tablets. A compatibility study was conducted to study components interactions. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed before and after the tablets were placed in the dissolution medium. An in vivo study in human volunteers was performed with the optimized GLMP tablets, which were compared to pure and marketed drug products. Results: Enhancement of GLMP aqueous solubility, using the polymeric drug solution technique, by more than 6–7 times when compared with the binary system. All the studied formulation factors significantly affected the studied variables. No significant interaction was detected among components. SEM illustrated the surface and inner tablet structure, and confirmed the drug release which was attributed to diffusion mechanism. The volunteer group administered the optimized GLMP tablet exhibited higher drug plasma concentration (147.4 ng/mL), longer time to reach maximum plasma concentration (4 h) and longer t1/2 (7.236 h) compared to other groups. Conclusions: Matrix tablet loaded with a physically modified drug form could represent a key solution for drugs with inconsistent dissolution and absorption profiles.
TAKs, Thylakoid Membrane Protein Kinases Associated with Energy Transduction*

The phosphorylation of proteins within the eukaryotic photosynthetic membrane is thought to regulate a number of photosynthetic processes in land plants and algae. Both light quality and intensity influence protein kinase activity via the levels of reductants produced by the thylakoid electron transport chain. We have isolated a family of proteins called TAKs, Arabidopsisthylakoid membrane threonine kinases that phosphorylate the light harvesting complex proteins. TAK activity is enhanced by reductant and is associated with the photosynthetic reaction center II and the cytochrome b 6 f complex. TAKs are encoded by a gene family that has striking similarity to transforming growth factor β receptors of metazoans. Thus thylakoid protein phosphorylation may be regulated by a cascade of reductant-controlled membrane-bound protein kinases.
Ilioinguinalis-Syndrom nach Operation eines Nierenzellkarzinoms

Zusammenfassung Ein 58-jähriger Patient stellte sich in unserer Schmerzambulanz vor mit einem unklaren Schmerzsyndrom, das die Auswirkungen eines Ilioinguinalis-Syndroms zeigte. Nach differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegun-gen zu einer möglichen Ursache dieses Ilioinguinalis-Syndroms wurde röntgenologisch der Verdacht auf eine Knochenmetastasie-rung des Nierenzellkarzinoms gestellt. Die erweiterte Abklärung ergab eine weit fort-geschrittene Metastasierung sowohl in die Knochen als auch in die Lungen und das Gehirn. Neben einer erweiterten Schmerztherapie bei einem sowohl nozizeptiv als auch neuropathischen Schmerz wurde die Schmerztherapie nach einer Kombination von Stufe I und Stufe II des WHO-Stufenschemas eingeleitet. In die-ses Stufenschema wurden auch die Überlegungen zur Behandlung des neuropathischen Schmerzes mit einbezogen (1). Zur Stabilisierung des Knochens bei Knochenmetastasen wurde ein Bisphosphonat eingesetzt. Nach Vorstellung in der interdisziplinären Tumorkonferenz wurde die Empfehlung zu einer Röntgenbestrahlung und der Therapie eines Tyrokinasehemmers ausgesprochen. Der Patient wurde unverzüglich in die Hämato/On-kologische Abteilung des Krankenhaus St. Eli-sabeth überführt. Mit der Bestrahlung konnte sehr rasch begonnen werden. Nachdem es sich um einen Hochrisikopatienten handelte, wurde der mTor-Inhibitor Temsirolimus eingesetzt. Temsirolimus wird als „First-line“-Präpa-rat beim Hochrisikopatienten mit fortgeschrittenem Nierenzellkarzinom inzwischen favorisiert (MSKCC-Prognosefaktoren) (4). Durch alle diese Maßnahmen ist es gelungen, den Patienten zu stabilisieren. Die Gefahr einer Fraktur konnte gebannt werden. Die Be-strahlung und die Therapie mit einem Bisphosphonat und mit Temsirolimus führten zu einer weitgehenden Stabilisierung des Patienten und einer auch deutlichen Schmerzreduktion. Aufgrund dessen konnte bei Entlas-sung aus dem Krankenhaus die Schmerzmedikation weitgehend reduziert werden. Die The-rapie mit Temsirolimus wurde gut vertragen, aufgrund der relativ kurzen Behandlungszeit lassen sich derzeit keine verlässlichen Aussagen zur Tumorkontrolle machen. Bei Entlas-sung erhielt der Patient lediglich Pregabalin und Novaminsulfon. Durch eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und Abklärung konnten die Schmerzen des Patienten rasch richtig interpretiert wer-den. Er wurde sowohl schmerztherapeutisch als auch palliativmedizinisch, strahlentherapeutisch und onkologisch betreut. Dadurch gelang es, eine für den Patienten gute Lebensqualität und zufriedenstellende Schmerzeinstellung rasch herzustellen.
L’engagement comme levier de l’implication professionnelle chez les animateurs en séjours adaptés : le cas des animateurs des séjours adaptés à l’UFCV Midi-Pyrénées

A l’heure ou l’animateur socioculturel est en mal de reconnaissance financiere, institutionnelle et professionnelle, l’engagement de ces derniers, ainsi que leur implication professionnelle restent des enjeux majeurs pour les associations d’education populaire. La particularite de cette recherche est que l’objet de recherche se focalise sur les animateurs en sejour adapte, donc cotoyant un public de personnes en situation de handicap. L’engagement est-il different en fonction du public ? Un animateur en sejour adapte est-il forcement militant ? Est-ce un public d’animateur ou d’educateurs specialise ? Prenant appui sur les recherches scientifiques sur l’engagement comportemental de la psychologie sociale, sur l’implication professionnelle, ainsi que sur des donnees empiriques, ce memoire de recherche propose une reflexion sur le paradigme de la communication engageante, technique utilisee afin de modifier certains comportements a l’usage des honnetes gens.
Estudo eletromiografico dos musculos abdutor curto e oponente do polegar em movimentos : livres, contra-resistencia e de garra

Foram analisados eletromiograficamente os musculos abdutor curto e oponente do polegar, em vinte e quatro individuos jovens e sadios, na faixa etaria de 19 a 30 anos, atraves da utilizacao de eletrodos de agulha co-axiais simples, acoplados a um eletromiografo marca Teca TE4 de duplo canal, com o objetivo de estudar a sinergia entre os referidos musculos, comparando suas respectivas atividades em movimentos livres, contra-resistencia e de garra. o musculo abdutor curto do polegar apresentou maior atividade eletromiografica que o musculo oponente nos movimentos: abducao, flexao e extensao livres e contraresistencia. O musculo oponente do polegar apresentou maior atividade nos movimentos de oponencia livre e contra-resistencia, bem como nas garras de forca e lateral. Nos movimentos de aducao, os dois musculos em questao revelaram inatividade. Ambos os musculos exibiram atividade em todos os tipos de garra propostos Abstract
A computational paradigm for space-time multiuser detection

In a general wireless system, cells are loosely defined and user signals appear at multiple antennas with various powers and delays. Despite the enormous performance benefits of system-wide maximum-likelihood multiuser detection (ML MUD), its application to such systems is hampered by the lack of a regular structure. Prior work usually dismisses the possibility on computational grounds as exponential in the total number of users, at least. This paper is the first to address efficient computation of system-wide ML MUD. We present a computational organization that achieves dramatic reduction in complexity through exploitation of the partial overlap of user sets at different antennas. This algorithm, which applies to code-division multiple access or narrowband systems, can be viewed as a spatio-temporal extension of the well-known Viterbi algorithm (VA), and, like the VA, it is derived from dynamic programming principles.
STUDIES OF THE RETINAL CAPILLARIES IN RELATION TO DIABETIC AND OTHER RETINOPATHIES*

ONLY 10 years ago laboratory research on the problem of diabetic retinopathy was confined to a few investigators working in isolated ophthalmological centres, but to-day it is attracting widespread attention from many different quarters and the literature is alive with new observations and new theories. It is therefore timely to consider to what extent the various pathological features of the disease may be specific for diabetes or simply fundamental reactions to non-specific injury. I should like to consider some recent findings from my own and other laboratories which throw further light on normal and abnormal reactions of retinal capillaries, and to discuss their possible relation to the pathological picture of diabetic retinopathy and to some of the theories of pathogenesis which have been advanced. Three of its most important manifestations will be discussed, namely endothelial proliferation, capillary microaneurysms, and capillary closure. The question of venous dilatation is a clinical one, and there is still not complete agreement that it is an early sign of diabetic retinopathy, and I shall not therefore deal with it as a pathological entity. Everyone would surely agree that the exudates are of only secondary importance. Before discussing these three pathological manifestations, a few comments will be made on our technical methods and upon the normal retinal capillaries.
Faecal adenoviruses from Glasgow babies Studies on culture and identity

Summary Attempts were made to isolate viruses from babies' stools that contained adenoviruses detected by electron microscopy. One hundred and fifty-nine specimens from 71 children were studied and adenoviruses of established serotypes were isolated from 81 stools. Serial stool samples containing adenovirus particles were obtained from 35 children, and prolonged shedding of recognized serotypes was common. Simultaneous and sequential infections by different serotypes were also observed. Thirty-six children shed adenoviruses that could not be isolated using cell cultures normally used to detect adenoviruses, and nine of these children also shed adenoviruses of established serotypes. Passage in Chang conjunctival cell cultures allowed characterization of fastidious adenoviruses from 14 children as members of a previously unrecognized serotype.
An Expert System for Enterprise Risk Assessment

Risk assessment in the enterprise is a pillar in achieving objectives and mission following, and proper treatment contribute to enterprise development. Risk assessment determines future decisions, identify new alternatives or opportunities within the organization. This paper presents the implications of semiquantitative assessment of risk in the enterprise, and the developement of a risk assessment expert system. The cycle of risk assessment involves a semi-quantitative analysis of risk. The developed expert system displays the result of the risk assessment, the evaluation conclusion and possible methods of prevention and control. With this tool, managers at different levels of the enterprises can better define their strategies, policies and tactics.
The effects of managed care and prospective payment on the demand for hospital nurses: evidence from California.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of managed care and the prospective payment system on the hospital employment of registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs), and aides. DATA SOURCES Hospital-level data from California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) Hospital Disclosure Reports from 1976/1977 through 1994/1995. Additional information is extracted from OSHPD Patient Discharge Data. STUDY DESIGN Multivariate regression equations are used to estimate demand for nurses as a function of wages, hospital output, technology level, and ownership. Separate equations are estimated for RNs, LPNs, and aides for all daily services and for medical-surgical units. Instrumental variables are used to correct for the endogeneity of wages, and fixed effects are included to control for unobserved differences across hospitals. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS HMOs are associated with a lower use of LPNs and aides, and HMOs do not have a statistically significant effect on the demand for RNs. Managed care has a smaller effect on nurse staffing in medical-surgical units than in daily service units as a whole. The prospective payment system does not have a statistically significant effect on nurse staffing. CONCLUSIONS HMOs have affected nursing employment both because HMOs have reduced the number of discharges and because of a direct relationship between HMO penetration and the demand for LPNs and aides. Contrary to press reports, LPNs and aides have been affected more by HMOs than have registered nurses.