Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution à l’étude de Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskål) Lamouroux (Chlorophycée, Caulerpale). I - Morphogénèse et croissance dans une station des côtes continentales françaises de la Méditerranée. Contribution to the Study of Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskål) Lamouroux (Chlorophyceae, Caulerpales). I Mo

Contribution to the Study of Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux (Chlorophyceae, Caulerpales) I. Morphogenesis and Growth at a Station off the French Continental Coast of the Mediterranean Sea The analysis of monthly samples of a dense C. prolifera vegetation at Crouton (Golfe Juan Alpes maritimes), at a depth of 3 metres, allows a precise description of the biology of this species. The results reveal that each element of the thallus presents periods of growth and senescence, according to the strong seasonal variations of the water temperature. The stolons make up an intricate network and can reach up to 11 . 75 m/m. At the end of spring while both extremities regress in the old stolons, new stolons appear. Their growth is rapid and continues throughout the summer while old stolons disappear and the distal extremities slowly regress. The primary assimilators can reach a density of 6360/m, their average length varying between 30.82 and 53.20 mm. Their maximum development occurs in the middle of autumn. In winter most of the assimilators undergo a slow senescence by stages. In summer, the disappearance of the old rhizomes is accompanied by that of the old and often proliferous assimilators. The secondary assimilators (proliferations) appear towards the end of autumn and more especially at the beginning of spring. They are tightly packed (8320/m), but are then often reduced to a blade of under 1 cm in length. 0006-8055/79/0022-0027S02.00 © by Walter de Gruyter & Co. · Berlin · New York 28 A. Meinesz: Morphogencse et croissance in situ de Caulerpa prolifera The biological behaviour of the alga cannot be compared to that of the perennial algae since no part of the thallus can live for more than one year. Neither can it be assimilated to the annual types of algae since the thallus reproduces by progression of the rhizomes. The author proposes a new definition of the term pseudoperennial which is suitable for the biological type of Caulerpa prolifera observed on the french continental coast of the Mediterranean sea.
Effects of 17-α-estradiol on a free-living marine nematode community: a microcosm experiment

A microcosm experiment was used to examine the effects of 17-α-estradiol on a nematode community. Four 17-α-estradiol concentrations (0.15, 0.31, 0.62 and 1.24 ppm) were tested, and effects were examined after 30 days. Significant differences were noted between nematode assemblages from the control and those from 17-α-estradiol treatments. Total nematode abundance, Shannon–Wiener index and evenness were affected by 17-α-estradiol contamination, but species richness was unaffected. Chromadorina metulata and Ascolaimus elongatus were eliminated at all doses tested and seemed to be intolerant to estradiol. Kraspedonema octogoniata decreased at all doses and could be categorised as sensitive to estradiol contamination. Spirinia gerlachi increased at all doses tested and seemed to be an opportunistic species at the doses tested.
Does the Zero Lower Bound affect Euro Area Productivity? A Case Study

The main research question associated with this case study is to contribute modestly to the discussion of the relationship between Zero Lower Bound (ZLB) framework and Productivity of the Euro Area, Germany and the GIIPS. The relationship between ZLB and Unit Labor Costs is also analyzed. <br><br>The series analyzed correspond to the period from the first quarter of 2000 to the third quarter of 2018. The purpose of choosing this period is to maximize the quality of the analysis by addressing multiple stages of the global business cycles. <br><br>To put this analysis into practice, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was applied and the Granger Causality was analyzed. <br><br>It is possible to conclude that only in Portugal does the ZLB affect Productivity and that the ZLB affect unit labor costs in Portugal and Spain exclusively.
Dietary effects of porphyran from Porphyra yezoensis on growth and lipid metabolism of Sprague-Dawley rats

Effects of porphyran (POR), a sulfated galactan from an edible red alga Porphyra yezoensis (Susabinori), on growth and lipid metabolism were examined using Sprague-Dawley rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. Rats were divided into four dietary groups: those fed diets containing 5% cellulose (control), agar or two types of POR differing in sugar composition and sulfate content (low sulfate content, LS-POR and high sulfate content, HS-POR) for 3 weeks. Ingestion of the diets containing LS- and HS-POR resulted in a significant decrease in food intake and body weight gain relative to the control diet. Renal adipose tissue weight and serum cholesterol level were also significantly lower in the LS-POR group and the HS-POR group than in the other groups. In contrast, agar, which consists of the same sugar components as POR, had no effect on the above-mentioned growth and lipid parameters. Fecal excretion of neutral sterols was markedly enhanced by POR ingestion, suggesting that POR has a potent effect to interfere with the absorption of neutral sterols within the gastrointestinal tract. Fecal excretion of fatty acids and neutral sterols was significantly higher in the LS-POR group than in the HS-POR group, and it was suggested that the ability to interfere with the absorption of cholesterol and fatty acid within the gastrointesitinal tract depends on the sulfation rate of porphyan.
THE CLICK‐SOUNDS OF NARWHALS (MONODON MONOCEROS) IN INGLEFIELD BAY, NORTHWEST GREENLAND

We studied the sounds of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) foraging in the open waters in Northwest Greenland. We used a linear, vertical array of three hydrophones (depth 10 m, 30 m, 100 m) with a fourth hydrophone (depth 30 m) about 20 m from the vertical array. A smaller fifth hydrophone (depth 2 m) allowed for registering frequencies up to 125 kHz (± 2 dB) when signals were recorded at 762 mm/set on an instrumentation tape recorder. Clicks were the prevalent signals, but we heard whistles occasionally. We separated the clicks into two classes: click trains that had rates of 3-10 clicks/sec and click bursts having rates of 110-150 clicks/sec. The spectra of train clicks had maximum amplitudes at 48 ± 10 kHz and a duration of 29 ± 6 psec. The spectra of burst clicks had maximum amplitudes at 19 ± 1 kHz and a duration of 40 ± 3 psec. By analogy with other dolphin species, narwhals presumably use the clicks for echolocation during orientation and for locating prey. The narwhal click patterns resemble those of insectivorous bats. Click trains might correspond to bat searching signals and click bursts to the bat's terminal “buzz”, emitted just before prey capture.
Effects of fasting and refeeding on metabolic processes in the crab Chasmagnathus granulata (Dana, 1851)

We assessed the effects of 3 weeks of fasting and 48 h of refeeding on the incorporation of ( 14 C)-labeled substrate into glucose, glycogen, lipid, and protein in hepatopancreas, muscle, and gills from the crab Chasmagnathus granulata. Fasting did not change the rate of glycogen and lipid synthesis in the three tissues. Neither fasting nor refeeding affected hemolymph glucose levels. Refeeding induced a reduction in glycogen synthesis in gills, but did not affect glycogen synthesis in hepatopancreas and muscle. Fasting did not affect lipogenesis in hepatopancreas, but refeeding elevated ( 14 C)-lipid twofold. Muscle lipogenesis was not affected by fasting or refeeding. Gluconeogenesis in the three tissues was not modified by fasting. Refeeding induced an increase in the glucose-synthesis capacity only in muscle. Fasting did not affect glyconeogenesis in hepatopancreas and gills, but induced a reduction in glycogen synthe - sis in muscle. Muscle-protein synthesis was not affected by fasting; however, refeeding induced a reduction in ( 14 C)-
The Political Economy of News Media: Theory, Evidence and Open Issues

This chapter provides a survey of the literature analyzing the political economy of news media. The survey discusses the effects of news media on political and public policy outcomes and the theory and evidence analyzing the distortions present in the market for news. I conclude by discussing some open research questions regarding the scope for public intervention in the market for news an issues relative to the internet and new media.
Life Historical Consequences of Natural Selection

The tremendous variation in the life-history patterns of organisms is best explained as adaptive.any organism has a limited amount of resources at its disposal, and these have to be partitioned between reproductive and nonreproductive activities. A larger share of resources to reproductive activities, that is, a higher reproductive effort at any age, leads to a better reproductive performance at that age; this may be considered a as profit function. This reproductive effort also leads to a reduction in survival and growth and consequent diminution of the reproductive contribution of the succeeding stages in the life history; this may be considered as a cost function. Natural selection would tend to an adjustment of the reproductive effort at every age such that the overall fitness of the life history would be maximized. A model of life history processes has been developed on the basis of these considerations. It leads to the following predictions: 1. If the form of the profit function is convex, or that of the cost function concave, the optimal strategy may be to breed repeatedly. Otherwise, the optimal strategy is to breed only once in a suicidal effort like a salmon (big-bang reproduction). 2. The value of reproductive effort continuously increases with age in the case of repeated reproducers. 3. If all the stages in the life history following a certain age are adversely affected, the age of reproduction will tend to be lowered in the case of big-bang reproducers, and the reproductive effort at all ages preceding that stage will tend to increase in the case of repeated reproducers. 4. As the reproductive potential increases with size at a slower rate, reproductive effort will be lower at maturity, reproductive effort will increase at a higher rate with age, and growth will continue beyond maturity. 5. A uniform change in the probability of survival from one age to the next at all ages would have no effect by itself, on the age of reproduction in big-bang breeders or on the distribution of reproductive effort with age in the repeated reproducers. 6. Such a change in survivorship would lead to a change in the equilibrium density of a population. If the population is resource limited, this would affect the availability of resources to the members, of the population in such a way that an increase in mortality would increase the availability of the resources. 7. For a resource-limited organism a greater availability of resources would lead to a lowering of the age of reproduction in the case of the big-bang breeders, and to a greater reproductive effort at ail ages for the repeated breeders.
A Tale of Two Dispersions: Wage and Firm Size

The traditional literature treat wage dispersion and firm dynamics, which are closely connected to each other, in isolation. This paper delivers a unified treatment to wage dispersion and firm-size distribution by developing a real-option-theoretic approach. The model is tractable with analytic solution, generating the following testable implications. Firstly, the distribution of firm size is a uni-modal, right-skewed with a Paretian tail, which is in line the empirical findings, in particular the Zipf Law. So is that of wage dispersion. Secondly, as in Mortensen and Pissarides (1994), the incumbents prefer to preserve the pattern of labor hoarding rather than exiting the market when hit by (not too severely) negative productivity shock. Thirdly, in addition to the effect in standard search and matching theory, the labor market tightness is also found to produce additional transition mechanisms to the unemployment rate. Fourthly, the model predicts that, the larger the firm is, the longer the firm will survive at the market.
Key Success Factors of Achieving Sustainable Competitive Advantage: An Empirical Study

In this research analytical framework is presented which describes the interrelationships between the strategic constructs and their synergistic effect on sustainable competitive advantage. To sustain in the unpredictable, chaotic, turbulent and multifaceted competitive intensity, achieving sustained competitive advantage is inevitable. The fundamental basis of long-run success of a firm is the achievement and maintenance of a sustainable competitive advantage despite growing attention to the Sustainable Competitive Advantage, the lack of a theoretically derived measure of the construct has deterred substantive research in this area. Understanding sources of sustained competitive advantage has become a major area of research in strategic management. The paper aims at focusing towards Resource Configuration and Organizational Identity as sources of competitive advantage. Earlier studies have focused their attention on direct relationships among few selective factors like knowledge management, Organizational Learning only; therefore the lack of clarity can be traced to find out the key success factors responsible for the study. Using Resource Configuration and Organizational Identity as the success factor an empirical research is taken for Information Technology Industry, which focuses on how Organizational Learning, Knowledge Management and Innovation results into Sustainable Competitive Advantage. The study develops a set of hypotheses to empirically test a theoretical concept. Thus, a combination of descriptive and causal research was undertaken in this study. Population for the study was senior managerial level employees associated with the Information technology firms in India. From the results, it is confirmed that Resource Configuration and Organizational Identity as aggregate concepts play an important mediating impact on relationship between learning, knowledge Management, Innovation and organizational performance which leads to a higher levels of sustainable competitive advantage .
Potentialities and Limitations of Blockchain Technologies in the Governance of Social Enterprise Collectives: The Case of Smart Ibérica

Social Enterprise (SE) scholars have explored the complexity behind the governance of SE collectives, including polycentricity, high degrees of autonomy, decision-making processes not based on capital ownership and a strong participatory culture (e.g. Borzaga &amp; Defourny, 2004; Nyssens, 2007; Defourny et al., 2014). Parallelisms can be found between these characteristics and those from the studies on the governance of Commons-Based Peer Production (CBPP) collectives (e.g. Fuster Morell et al., 2016; Arvidsson et al., 2017; Rozas, 2017). Firstly, we identify connections between the governance of SE and previously studied CBPP collectives, focussing on the similar challenges faced by these two types of collectives when aiming to scale up their governance processes. Secondly, we discuss the potentialities and limitations of blockchain technologies — a distributed and append-only ledger which enables the implementation of novel properties at an infrastructural level in a fully decentralised manner — to create conditions which may facilitate the scaling up of governance processes in SE collectives.
Effect of oilseed supplementation on amino acid digestibility in laying hen diets.

Linseed and camelina seed are used in laying hen diets for obtaining eggs enriched in PUFA, being also a potential source of protein for poultry. The bioavailability of amino acids is an important criterion used to evaluate the efficient utilization of feedstuffs. This sudy was peformed in order to determine the amino acid digestibility coefficients from diets supplemented with oilseeds and fenugreek seeds. An experiment was conducted on 114 laying hens, assigned to 3 groups (C, E1, E2) and housed in metabolic cages (2 hens / cage, 38 hens / group). The hens were fed on a corn-soybean meal based diet. The experimental diets enriched in PUFA were supplemented with 5% linseed and 2 % camelina seed (E1), and 2% linseed, 2 % camelina seed and 1 % fenugreek seed (E2). During the final week, the ingesta, the feed leftovers and the excreta were daily recorded, in order to form weekly average samples for amino acid balance. The amino acids were determined by HPLC using a method according to the UE Regulation 152/2009. The digestibility coefficients of the dietary essential amino acids decreased significantly in E2 (Pâ‰¤ 0.05) when compared with the control: for lysine 86.85 Â± 2.74 % in C, 81.33 Â± 1.97 % in E2; for methionine 87.30 Â± 1.43 % in C, 80.99 Â± 3.09%Â in E2; for cystine 87.21 Â± 1.40 in C, 85.16 Â± 1.48% for E2. The group E1 did not register any significant differences compared with C and E2. The results of this study revealed a decreasing effect on amino acid digestibility in the group with supplemented fenugreek seed and oilseeds.
A test of resource limitation among shredding detritivores in low order streams in southern England

1. The retention characteristics of stretches of four low order streams in south-east England were manipulated over a period of 2 years by the addition of small traps which accumulated leaf litter. Unmanipulated control stretches were retained in each stream. Our aim was to test the prediction that the local density of 'shredders', invertebrates which comminute autumn-shed leaves, would increase in response to leaf litter availability. One stream naturally retained a high leaf litter biomass, two had few natural leaf packs and one was intermediate. 2. After manipulation had begun, simultaneous samples of the benthos and leaf litter were taken from control stretches and the traps and intervening stream bed ('intertraps') in the manipulated stretches. 3. The effects of manipulation were slight in the highly retentive site, in terms of both litter standing stock and shredder abundance. The other three sites showed rapid responses, with increased leaf litter and shredder abundance in traps compared with controls. 4. In the least retentive site, manipulation significantly increased the biomass of coarse particulate organic matter in the intertrap samples. In one other site, there was also an increase in shredder density in the intertraps. 5. The changes associated with manipulation were consistent despite the differences in pH among streams, which determined the species assemblage of shredders at each site, but not the pattern of response to increased retention. 6. The results indicate that resource limitation may occur among mobile detritivorous invertebrates in low-order streams. The nature of the limiting resource is discussed; it is speculated that leaf litter may be limiting as a habitat for shredders as well as a source of food.
Fuzzy Clustering Technique

Fuzzy clustering techniques are used to construct clusters with uncertain boundaries and allows that one object belongs to overlapping clusters with some membership degree. In other words, the fuzzy clustering is to consider not only the belonging status of object to the clusters, but also to consider to what degree do the object belong to the cluster. In this paper, a technique called “fuzzy hierarchical clustering�? is being proposed that creates the clusters of web documents using fuzzy equivalence relation.
Direct interaction of Syk and Lyn protein tyrosine kinases in rat basophilic leukemia cells activated via type I Fcε receptors

Activation of rat mast cells through the receptor with high affinity for IgE (FcεRI) requires a complex set of interactions involving transmembrane subunits of the FcεRI and two classes of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), the Src family PTK p53/p56lyn (Lyn) and the Syk/ZAP‐family PTK p72syk (Syk). Early activation events involve increased activity of Lyn and Syk kinases and their translocation into membrane domains containing aggregated FcεRI, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes have remained largely unclear. To determine the role of FcεRI subunits in this process, we have analyzed Syk‐ and Lyn‐associated proteins in activated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells and their variants deficient in the expression of FcεRI β or γ subunits. Sepharose 4B gel chromatography of postnuclear supernatants from Nonidet‐P40‐solubilized antigen (Ag)‐ or pervanadate‐activated RBL cells revealed extensive changes in the size of complexes formed by Lyn and Syk kinases and other cellular components. A fusion protein containing Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains of Lyn bound Syk from lysates of nonactivated RBL cells; an increased binding was observed when lysates from Ag‐ or pervanadate‐activated cells were used. A similar amount of Syk was bound when lysates from pervanadate‐activated variant cells deficient in the expression of FcεRI β or γ subunits were used, suggesting that FcεRI does not function as the only intermediate in the formation of the Syk‐Lyn complexes. Further experiments have indicated that Syk‐Lyn interactions occur in Ag‐activated RBL cells under in vivo conditions and that these interactions could involve direct binding of the Lyn SH2 domain with phosphorylated tyrosine of Syk. The physical association of Lyn and Syk during mast‐like cell activation supports the recently proposed functional cooperation of these two tyrosine kinases in FcεRI signaling.
Liver metabolic activities of intact male pigs injected with skatole

Twelve intact male pigs (101.3 ± 1.8 kg liveweight [LW]) were divided into two groups, with six pigs receiving nine daily i.m. injections of skatole (1 mg kg−1 LW). Enzymatic activities were measured in liver tissues taken at slaughter. These included the rate of phase I skatole metabolism and the rate of glucuronidation and sulphation of 2-naphthol and(or) p-nitrophenol. Fat skatole concentration was higher (P = 0.001) in pigs injected with skatole (0.41 ± 0.04 ppm) than in control pigs (0.10 ± 0.04 ppm); however, enzymatic activities did not differ between the treatments. The results indicate that increased levels of skatole in backfat do not affect the enzymatic activities involved in skatole metabolism in the liver. Key words: Pigs, skatole, indole, boar taint, liver metabolism
TOLERÂNCIA DE FUNGOS ECTOMICORRÍZICOS E PLANTAS ASSOCIADAS A NÍVEIS TÓXICOS DE METAIS

RESUMO – As ectomicorrizas sao associacoes entre raizes de plantas e fungos, de grande importância para a sobrevivencia e crescimento vegetal, por aumentar o aporte nutricional e a protecao contra fatores adversos. Os fungos ectomicorrizicos podem quelar ions de metais toxicos, retirando-os do solo e diminuindo os danos ao hospedeiro. Quatro isolados de fungos ectomicorrizicos foram utilizados neste estudo: UFSC-Sc68 (Scleroderma sp.); UFSC-Ch163 (Chondrogaster angustisporus); UFSC-Pt116 e UFSC-Pt188 (Pisolithus microcarpus). Mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii foram testadas quanto a sua tolerância aos metais aluminio (Al), cadmio (Cd), cromo (Cr) e manganes (Mn) misturados ao substrato de plantio, em dois experimentos em casa de vegetacao. No primeiro, em ausencia dos fungos e, no segundo, apos inoculacao com esses organismos. No experimento sem inoculacao, o metal mais toxico foi o Cr. Nenhuma planta sobreviveu nas doses 1000 e 10000 mg.kg -1 desse metal. Para os outros metais, a materia seca diminuiu com o aumento da dose. Ja no estudo com plantas inoculadas, o Cd foi o metal mais toxico, que reduziu significativamente a sobrevivencia e o crescimento das plantas. Os isolados fungicos UFSC-Pt188 e UFSC-Ch163 foram os mais eficientes na protecao contra os metais, melhorando a sobrevivencia e a producao de materia seca das plantas. O isolado UFSC-Ch163, em particular, foi o mais eficiente na tolerância das plantas, o que indica seu potencial de utilizacao em solos contaminados para favorecer o estabelecimento e o crescimento das plantas.