Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Congenital Tuberculosis

Congenital tuberculosis may be defined as tuberculosis occurring in infants as a result of infection with Myco. tuberculosis during intra-uterine life. The condition has been the subject of much controversy in the past; some have refused to accept it as a pathological entity, others, such as Baumgarten (1925), have ascribed many cases of tuberculosis occurring in young persons to a congenital origin. However, the present century has seen the establishment of the disease as a rare but well defined entity. It appears in two main forms: one in which the lesions are most prominent in the lungs and which is thought to be due to aspiration of infected amniotic fluid by the foetus, the other in which the earliest lesion is found in the liver and its regional lymph nodes. A third form, in which death of the foetus occurs before the development of macroscopic lesions, is known as tuberculous bacillaemia. Two essential facts must be clearly established in every example of the disease. First, it must be proved to be a result of tuberculous infection: secondly, the infection must have occurred during intra-uterine life. A number of authors have laid down conditions which each reported case must satisfy, and of these Beitzke (1935) appears to have provided the most satisfactory criteria. He proposed that a case should not be accepted as congenital tuberculosis unless (1) the presence of Myco. tuberculosis in the infant was proved, and (2) either (a) a primary tuberculous complex was present in the liver, or (b) the tuberculous lesions were present at birth, or (c) extra-uterine infection could be excluded with certainty. Using these criteria, Beitzke (1935) reviewed the literature and accepted 61 cases of congenital tuberculosis and 40 of tuberculous bacillaemia. Hughesdon (1946), using the same criteria as Beitzke, accepted a further six cases of congenital tuberculosis, one case of tuberctilous bacillaemia and added four cases of congenital tuberculosis of her own. Since then I have found 18 published cases for which a congenital origin was claimed, of which 10 satisfy the conditions required by Beitzke, Jordan and Spencer (1949), Hertzog, Chapman and Herring (1949), Ballabriga Aguado (1950), Germain, Andre and Marty (1950), Pagel and Hall (1946), Aufdermaur (1947), Daamen (1947), Danjou (1947), Wallgren (1948) and Debre, Furiet-Laforet and Royer (1948). To date 83 cases of congenital tuberculosis and 41 cases of tuberculous bacillaemia have been described. Of these, nine have occurred in the British Isles: those of Andrewes (1903), Morley (1929), Price (1937), Davin-Power (1941), Hughesdon (1946) and Jordan and Spencer (1949). A further case of congenital tuberculosis is presented here.
Equating spatial summation in visual field testing reveals greater loss in optic nerve disease

To test the hypothesis that visual field assessment in ocular disease measured with target stimuli within or close to complete spatial summation results in larger threshold elevation compared to when measured with the standard Goldmann III target size. The hypothesis predicts a greater loss will be identified in ocular disease. Additionally, we sought to develop a theoretical framework that would allow comparisons of thresholds with disease progression when using different Goldmann targets.
Enterprise Architecture Management: Toward a Taxonomy of Applications

Despite the growing interest in enterprise architecture management, researchers and practitioners lack a shared understanding of its applications in organizations. Building on findings from a literature review and eight case studies, we develop a taxonomy that categorizes applications of enterprise architecture management based on three classes of enterprise architecture scope. Organizations may adopt enterprise architecture management to help form, plan, and implement IT strategies; help plan and implement business strategies; or to further complement the business strategy-formation process. The findings challenge the traditional IT-centric view of enterprise architecture management application and suggest enterprise architecture management as an approach that could support the consistent design and evolution of an organization as a whole.
Influencer marketing’s effect on brand perceptions – A consumer involvement perspective

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to enhance the understanding of how different groups of consumers perceive a brand depending on whether they are exposed to influencer marketing or paid social media marketing. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative study with a between-subjects design was conducted using a digital survey. A combination of one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test and Spearman’s correlation was used to analyse the 339 datasets. Results: The results indicated that brand perceptions are generally higher when respondents are exposed to influencer marketing, compared to paid social media marketing in the clothing industry. In addition, high-ranking involvement profiles have higher brand perceptions compared to low-ranking involvement profiles when exposed to influencer marketing. Also, the relationship between brand personality and brand attitude is stronger when exposed to influencer marketing. Theoretical contributions: This study has contributed to a deeper understanding of which brand personality traits that are associated with positive brand attitudes in influencer marketing. Furthermore, influencer marketing has proven to be more effective in receiving high brand attitude score than paid social media marketing. Managerial implications: Influencer marketing is a better brand building tool than paid social media marketing. It could also be useful for managers to segment consumers according to the consumer involvement profile to maximise their influencer marketing strategy. Originality: This thesis brings originality by presenting an initial attempt to explore how different consumer involvement profiles react to influencer marketing within the clothing industry. It also presents how influencer marketing affects consumers’ perception of brand personality and brand attitude.
Headache and Alzheimer's disease.

SIR—We have encountered 12 demented patients (five men and seven women, mean age 76.4"5.3 years), admitted between January and December 2000 and complaining of headache for 1.7"0.4 years. Eight had chronic tension headache without pericranial muscle pain (according to the 1988 classification of the International Headache Society [1]) and four had chronic tension headache associated with moderate photophobia (according to the International Headache Society classification). Three had a history of headache which disappeared at the menopause. They had all remained asymptomatic until 2 years before admission. Latterly, all patients had taken aspirin, paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or other analgesics. Some took analgesics in very high doses. The headache did not improve: on the contrary, it restricted daily living activities, and resulted in reluctance to leave the house, speak or read. All had signs of cognitive disruption, yet this was ignored by their caregivers and underestimated by the various specialists who had been previously consulted. We found that the patients had attention impairment [2], memory disruption, and spatial and temporal disorientation [3]. They also had impairment of verbal memory performances [4] and of verbal fluency and semantic aspects of linguistic performance [5]. Computed tomography showed mild to moderate cortical atrophy, particularly of temporal-parietal areas, without leukoaraiosis or other vascular changes. Neurological examination revealed no focal signs. The average Hachinski score was 1.2"0.6 [6]. The average Zung [7] score was normal. All the patients were diagnosed as having probable Alzheimer’s dementia (according to NINCDS–ADRDA [8]). They were treated with cholinesterase inhibitors. Caregivers monitored the use of analgesics. After 8 months, they reported a marked reduction of headache severity, with a reduced frequency of analgesic drug intake to no more than once a week. The cognitive impairment remained stable. The relationship between headache and Alzheimer’s disease in this small sample may be simply coincidence. However, the improvement in frequency and severity of headache in these patients after treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (and reducing the intake of other drugs) is striking. Little has been written on dementia and headache [9]. The estimated prevalence of headache among a group of Letters to the Editor
Eye detection method robust to facial pose changes for eye input device

In this paper, we propose an eye detection method that is robust to facial poses changes using edge directional features and a particle filter. To estimate the boundary between the iris and sclera or eyelid, the gradient intensities are calculated by four directional Prewitt filters in four regions. The likelihood used in the particle filter is obtained by averaging the gradient intensities for the specific direction in the four regions and the upper eyelid area. Moreover, incorrect detection is avoided by using the eye distance and the roll angle of the face, derived from the positional information of both eyes. From experimental results, the average detection rates of both eyes for roll, yaw, and pitch angles of the face are more than 90% by using rejection function for incorrect eye detection. In addition, the rejection function provides the 2.8%, 4.3%, and 5.3% increment in average detection rates of both eyes for roll, yaw, and pitch facial angles, respectively. The proposed eye detection method is therefore robust to facial pose changes.
Evolution of strategic management research lines in hospitality and tourism

ABSTRACT This study explores the evolution of strategic management research lines in the hospitality and tourism field as a scientific field. To this end, co-word analysis is employed for 2577 strategic management articles related to the hospitality and tourism field that were published in leading hospitality and tourism focused journals and business/management journals. The research lines indicate that the strategic management process has the highest usage percentage, followed by firm performance, industrial organization, theory of firms, and organizational behavior. Research lines, such as cooperative strategy, corporate governance, entrepreneurship, corporate strategy, and internationalization, receive minimal interest amongst researchers. The current study is amongst the first in this field that discusses how research lines in the field could be advanced.
Risk Management in PPP Projects: A Review

The term „public–private partnership‟ seems to have instigated in the U.S, originally concerning to public and private sector‟s combined funding for educational programmes, but used in broader sense in the 60s to refer to joint ventures of public and private sectors for urban renewals. The term PPP is now generally used for any long-term public and private sector contract to provide public infrastructures and facilities.
The effects of emotions on football spectators' satisfaction and behavioural intentions

Abstract The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between spectators' emotions, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions at football games. A survey was conducted among spectators of the top Portuguese professional football league during eight games (n=466). The sport emotion questionnaire was used to assess spectators' emotions and the results gathered from a structural equation model suggest that analysis of specific emotions is crucial to understand spectators' responses. Findings provide evidence that only the emotion of joy has a positive direct effect on satisfaction, as well as an indirect effect on behavioural intentions, via satisfaction. In turn, dejection has a negative direct effect on behavioural intentions, while satisfaction positively influences behavioural intentions. These results suggest managerial implications, such as the need to improve stadium atmosphere and social facilitation in order to provide an enjoyable overall experience to the spectators, and contribute to overall spectator satisfaction and positive behavioural intentions.
Human resources disclosures by African and Caribbean companies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which economically significant Caribbean and African firms provide human resources disclosures (HRD), and the factors related to their disclosure practices. It is motivated by the dearth of studies of HRD among firms in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach All companies with common shares listed on the main tier of the major stock exchanges in each country examined on December 31, 2013 as well as selected state enterprises were included in the study if their annual report, sustainability report or integrated report was available online. HRD was measured using an unweighted 174-item disclosure index. The research hypotheses were examined using multiple-regression analysis. Findings The level of HRD in the Caribbean and Southern Africa was relatively low (M=33.7 percent, SD=25.3 percent). The amount of HRD was related to organizational culture, firm size, industry affiliation, national governance environment and foreign influence. Geographical region, gender diversity and director independence were not statistically related to the amount of HRD. Practical implications Caribbean and African governments may need to implement incentives for economically significant companies to participate in targeted human resources (HR) development initiatives, to provide more comprehensive HR disclosures and incorporate HR consideration in their strategic decision making. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to compare the amount and determinants of HRD by economically significant Caribbean and African companies.
A prediction model for the demand of charging stations for electric vehicles in the municipality of Amsterdam

To stimulate the usage of electric cars, the municipality of Amsterdam wants to significantly increase the number of charging stations. The question is if it is possible to determine and predict where these charging stations are necessary. Using charging behavioural data from 2012, 2013, and 2014 a discrete choice model was determined. The charging stations were aggregated to neighbourhood level and next a multinomial logit model was developed. This model describes the probability that a car owner will charge his/her car in that neighbourhood, for each neighbourhood. This way it can be determined in which neighbourhoods the most charging station are and will be needed.
ERP Misfit: Country of Origin and Organizational Factors

There are many benefits of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, but their implementation is both complicated and difficult because the product spans functional silos and involves many internal and external entities. An ERP system is the outcome of social processes, and different ERP systems can embody distinct social arrangements when developed in different cultural contexts. Such social arrangements are difficult to change due the closure effect of technology stabilization. This leads to various misfit problems, both during and after ERP implementation, causing adverse effects on delivered ERP quality. With a survey of 85 ERP implementation cases in Taiwan, this study derives and empirically tests the main as well as the interaction effects of the country of origin of the ERP package, consultant quality, top management support, and user support of the ERP system quality as perceived by the client after implementation. The results demonstrate the important role of the country of origin of the ERP package and consultant quality in configuring a high-quality ERP system and alleviating the negative effect of misfit problems.
Balloon dilatation (valvoplasty) as first line treatment for severe stenosis of the aortic valve in early infancy: medium term results and determinants of survival.

OBJECTIVE--To assess the results of balloon dilatation of the aortic valve as first line treatment for infants presenting in the first two months of life with cardiac failure caused by severe aortic stenosis. DESIGN--A prospective study of all such infants presenting to a single centre over a three year period. PATIENTS--Of 14 consecutive infants aged < 2 months presenting with heart failure due to severe stenosis of the aortic valve, 12 underwent balloon dilatation of the valve. Two infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were excluded. Six patients had other significant cardiac malformations, nine had endocardial fibroelastosis. Four infants were moribund at presentation. INTERVENTIONS--Balloon dilatation was performed through the femoral artery under general anaesthetic, with heparin and antibiotic prophylaxis. Maximum inflated balloon size was selected as equal to or slightly less than the diameter of the aortic valve measured echocardiographically. In two infants balloon dilatation of coexistent severe coarctation was performed at the same time. RESULTS--Dilatation was achieved in all cases. Early survival rate (up to one month) was 75%; 50% survive up to three years. The two deaths occurring < 24 hours after dilatation probably related to the infants' poor condition at presentation and the presence of significant left ventricular hypoplasia. The other early death was due to severe mitral regurgitation from papillary muscle dysfunction. All later deaths were related to associated malformations. The difference in left ventricular size (diameter and length) measured echocardiographically at presentation between survivors and those that died is significant (p < or = 0.002). 83% of deaths occurred in infants with associated malformations. Cusp perforation occurred in one infant, which may have contributed to this patient's death. Left ventricular perforation and cardiac tamponade were treated successfully by prompt pericardiocentesis in another. CONCLUSIONS--Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve is an acceptable first line treatment for neonates with severe symptomatic stenosis of the aortic valve. Outcome depends principally on left ventricular size and on the presence, severity, and timing of treatment of associated malformations. Severe endocardial fibroelastosis was not a risk factor for early death but may have implications for long term survival. The survival rate for this high risk group might be improved by a stratified approach where patients with adequate left ventricular size have balloon dilatation whereas those with severe ventricular hypoplasia are managed like patients with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
EP 171: a high affinity thromboxane A2‐mimetic, the actions of which are slowly reversed by receptor blockade

1 Replacement of the four‐carbon ω‐terminus in 9,11‐endoxy‐10a‐homo prostaglandin H2 with a p‐fluorophenoxy group produces a compound (EP 171) with very high agonist potency at TP‐receptors. 2 On six isolated smooth muscle preparations EP 171 was 33–167 times more potent as a TP‐receptor agonist than U‐46619 (11,9‐epoxymethano PGH2); EC50 values ranged from 45 to 138 pm. The actions of EP 171 were difficult to study because of their slow onset and offset. For example, on the guinea‐pig trachea the time required for 50% reversal of EP 171‐induced contractions during washout was about 3 h. 3 On the pig pulmonary artery, a more rapidly responding preparation, it was possible to show that the TP‐receptor antagonist EP 092 blocked the contractile actions of EP 171 and U‐46619 to similar extents: pA2 = 8.09 and 8.15 respectively. 4 EP 171 was also a very potent activator of human blood platelets, being about 90 times more potent than U‐46619. Both shape change (0.1 nm) and aggregation (1 nm) were slow in onset, a profile not previously observed for a thromboxane A2‐mimetic. 5 When potencies at TP‐, EP1‐(guinea‐pig fundus) and FP‐(dog iris sphincter) receptors were compared, EP 171 showed a higher specificity as a TP‐receptor agonist than either STA2 or U‐46619. These studies also showed that contrary to earlier reports, the guinea‐pig fundus does contain TP‐receptors mediating muscle contraction. However, the maximal response due to activation of TP‐receptors was only about 35% of the PGE2 maximum. 6 Established responses to EP 171 were slowly reversed following addition of a high concentration of a TP‐receptor antagonist (EP 092, GR 32191 or BM 13177). Faster reversals of three less potent 16‐p‐halophenoxy prostanoids and U‐46619 were obtained. Half‐times for offset (and onset) of agonist action appeared to correlate with potency rather than with lipophilicity. 7 Competition between the agonists and a radio iodinated PTA2 derivative ([125I]‐PTA‐OH) for binding to TP‐receptors on intact human platelets was studied. IC50 values correlated well with aggregating potency, EP 171 having the lowest IC50 of 2.9 nm. The true Ki for EP 171 may be about 1 nm if both its racemic nature and reduction of initial free ligand concentration due to TP‐receptor binding are taken into account. 8 It is concluded from a comparison of agonist potency rankings that subclassification of the TP‐receptor is not warranted at this time. The factors that may be responsible for the slow kinetics of EP 171 action are discussed.
Research on the Marketing Strategy of MICE Cities Taking Asia as an Example

In recent years, MICE industry is one of the rapidly developing industries in various countries, which lead all countries to take the MICE industry as their development core to enhance the competitiveness of the country and the city as a whole. Holding exhibitions can bring considerable economic benefits to the country and the city. Visibility and influence of host cities and countries can be enhanced through successful exhibitions. As the global economic sector gradually moves to Asia, Asia is expected to become the most popular area for business travel and MICE industry in the world. Based in indicating the developing status of MICE industry in the four Asia MICE cities including Shanghai, Singapore, Tokyo and Seoul and mastering the marketing dynamics in each city, this paper makes analysis and comparison and proposes recommendations. Keywords—exhibition city; marketing strategy; asia
The Clinical Pathology of Human Near-drowning

The drowning process has been well studied and described in experimental animals; and the results are known to most physicians. Briefly, the events which take place before death of the animals can be ascribed to the effects of asphyxia, and to the biochemical effects resulting from the transfer of water and solutes between the drowning fluid aspirated into the lungs and the blood stream. The asphyxial effects produced by drowning
Assessment Of Interoperability: The Case Of e-Government Services

Governments started e-government strategies to renew the public sector and eliminate existing bureaucracy and therefore reduce costs. Interoperability appears as the mean for accomplishing the interlinking of information systems, applications and ways of working not only within governments but also in their interaction with the administration, enterprises and public sector. The main source of administration costs is the traditional use of paper as the linkage element between public agencies. Integrated electronic processes between public agencies can be the solution to reduce these costs and create a more efficient public sector. This paper proposes an approach for measuring the benefit of incorporating interoperability in e-government. This approach is based on the identification and analysis of certain processes (business process modelling) and on the activity based costing method. In particular, this approach concerns the measuring of benefit of applying interoperability in egovernment services.