Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disentangling road network impacts: The need for a holistic approach

The scale and rate of development of linear disturbances has increased dramatically in the past decade. Traditional and alternative energy development, logging and mining activities, together with off-highway vehicles and exurban development, have increased the density of linear disturbances on public and private lands throughout the world. In developing countries, the replacement of livestock with motor vehicles as the dominant form of transportation has had unforeseen consequences (figure 1) (Okayasu et al. 2007). In the western United States, some of the greatest increases are associated with energy development (Brooks and Lair 2005; Watts et al. 2007). In the Powder River Basin of northeastern Wyoming, an additional 28,572 km (17,754 mi) of roads and 42,095 km (26,157 mi) of pipelines and overhead electric lines are planned to support energy development activities between 2003 and 2013 (BLM 2003). Road construction generally leads to increased off-road vehicle use as land becomes more accessible to a growing global population (Cordell et al. 2005; Okayasu et al. 2007; Chomitz and Gray 1996). We argue that the dramatic increase in linear disturbances occurring globally has the potential to drastically alter landscape ecosystem processes, including soil and water conservation, and thus presents one of the greater challenges…
J ul 2 00 3 Dissociation of Heavy Quarkonium in Quark-Gluon Plasma

In this work we calculate the lifetime of quarkonium moving with velocity v through a quark gluon plasma at temperature T . We also investigate the stability of heavy mesons with respect to the effects of color charge screening. An explicit, configuration-space potential is found for the screened interaction between the quarks constituting the meson. We solve the Schrödinger equation for the relative motion of the quarks in this non-spherical potential. In this way, we determine the range of v, T values for which the meson is bound. When a bound state exists, we use the bound-state wavefunction as the initial state for the dissociation of the meson due to gluon absorption. The meson lifetime is thus determined as a function of v and T , and conclusions are drawn concerning the possibility of detection of the meson in a high-energy heavy-nucleus collision.
Constraints on isocurvature models from the WMAP first-year data

We investigate the constraints imposed by the first-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) cosmic microwave background (CMB) data extended to higher multipoles by data from ACBAR, BOOMERANG, CBI, and the VSA and by the large-scale structure data from the 2dF galaxy redshift survey on the possible amplitude of primordial isocurvature modes. A flat universe with cold dark matter (CDM) and cosmological constant {lambda} is assumed, and the baryon, CDM isocurvature (CI), and neutrino density (NID), and velocity (NIV) isocurvature modes are considered. Constraints on the allowed isocurvature contributions are established from the data for various combinations of the adiabatic mode and one, two, and three isocurvature modes, with intermode cross correlations allowed. Since baryon and CDM isocurvature are observationally virtually indistinguishable, these modes are not considered separately. We find that when just a single isocurvature mode is added, the present data allows an isocurvature fraction, in terms of the nonadiabatic contribution to the power in the CMB anisotropy, as large as 13{+-}6, 7{+-}4, and 13{+-}7 percent for adiabatic plus the CI, NID, and NIV modes, respectively. When two isocurvature modes plus the adiabatic mode and cross correlations are allowed, these percentages rise to 47{+-}16, 34{+-}12, and 44{+-}12 for the combinationsmore » CI+NID, CI+NIV, and NID+NIV, respectively. Finally, when all three isocurvature modes and cross correlations are allowed, the admissible isocurvature fraction rises to 57{+-}9 percent. In our analysis we consider only scalar modes with a single common tilt parameter for all the modes and do not consider any possible primordial anisotropies in the local neutrino velocity distribution beyond quadrupole order. The sensitivity of the results to the choice of prior probability distribution is examined. « less
Many-body localization in a quasiperiodic Fibonacci chain

We study the many-body localization (MBL) properties of a chain of interacting fermions subject to a quasiperiodic potential such that the non-interacting chain is always delocalized and displays multifractality. Contrary to naive expectations, adding interactions in this systems does not enhance delocalization, and a MBL transition is observed. Due to the local properties of the quasiperiodic potential, the MBL phase presents specific features, such as additional peaks in the density distribution. We furthermore investigate the fate of multifractality in the ergodic phase for low potential values. Our analysis is based on exact numerical studies of eigenstates and dynamical properties after a quench.
Re-evaluation of the status of the genus Oerskovia , reclassification of Promicromonospora enterophila ( Ja ! ger et al . 1983 ) as Oerskovia enterophila comb . nov . and description of Oerskovia jenensis sp . nov

Phylogenetic analysis of Promicromonospora enterophila indicates that this taxon clusters with Cellulomonas species, adjacent to Cellulomonas turbata (basonym Oerskovia turbata). 16S rDNA analysis, DNA–DNA reassociation, riboprinting, peptidoglycan analysis and determination of phenotypic properties of various strains of P. enterophila and C. turbata reveal that they form a cluster that can be distinguished unambiguously from other Cellulomonas species by morphology, amino acid composition of the cell wall and 16S rDNA signatures. As a result of this polyphasic study, it appears taxonomically reasonable to re-establish the genus Oerskovia for C. turbata and to reclassify P. enterophila as Oerskovia enterophila comb. nov.; two novel species, Oerskovia jenensis sp. nov. (type strain DSM 46000T ̄CIP 100330T) and Oerskovia paurometabola sp. nov. (type strain DSM 14281T ̄LMG 20385T), are also proposed.
Limiting Distributions in Generalized Zeckendorf Decompositions

An equivalent definition of the Fibonacci numbers is that they are the unique sequence such that every integer can be written uniquely as a sum of non-adjacent terms. We can view this as we have bins of length 1, we can take at most one element from a bin, and if we choose an element from a bin we cannot take one from a neighboring bin. We generalize to allowing bins of varying length and restrictions as to how many elements may be used in a decomposition. We derive conditions on when the resulting sequences have uniqueness of decomposition, and (similar to the Fibonacci case) when the number of summands converges to a Gaussian; the main tool in the proofs here is the Lyaponuv Central Limit Theorem.
Individual typological differences in a neurally distributed semantic processing system: Revisiting the Science article by Mitchell et al. on computational neurolinguistics

Background: Revisiting the 2008 Science article by Mitchell et al . on computational neurolinguistics, individual typological differences were found as striking characteristics in the patterns of informative voxels crucial for the distributed semantic processing system. Methods: The results of different feature selection methods (ANOVA and Stability) were compared based on the open datasets of each subject for evaluating how these features were decisive in predicting human brain activity associated with language meaning. Results: In general, the two selection results were similar and the voxel-wise ranks were correlated but they became extremely dispersive for a subgroup of subjects exhibiting mediocre precision when examined without regularization. Quite interestingly, looking at the anatomical location of these voxels, it appears that the modality-specific areas were likely to be monitored by the Stability score (indexing “identity”), and that the ANOVA (emphasizing “difference”) tended to detect supramodal semantic areas. Conclusions: This minor finding indicates that in some cases, seemingly poor data may deeply and systematically conceal information that is significant and worthwhile. It may have potential for shedding new light on in the controversy pertaining to cognitive semantics, which is divided into modality-biased (embodied) and amodal symbol theories.
Connection probabilities in Poisson random graphs
with uniformly bounded edges

We consider random graphs with uniformly bounded edges on a Poisson point process conditioned to contain the origin. In particular we focus on the random connection model, the Boolean model and Miller-Abrahams random resistor network with lower-bounded conductances. The latter is relevant for the analysis of conductivity by Mott variable range hopping in strongly disordered systems. By using the method of randomized algorithms developed by Duminil-Copin et al. we prove that in the subcritical phase the probability that the origin is connected to some point at distance $n$ decays exponentially in $n$, while in the supercritical phase the probability that the origin is connected to infinity is strictly positive and bounded from below by a term proportional to $ (\lambda-\lambda_c)$, $\lambda$ being the density of the Poisson point process and $\lambda_c$ being the critical density.
Supplemental Therapy improve Pregnancy-associated Anemia ? An Interventional Prospective Clinical Trial

Objectives: To evaluate impact of vitamin D supplemental therapy (VD-ST) and iron ST (IST) on hemoglobin concentration (HC) in pregnant women. Patients & Methods: 187 women pregnant were clinically evaluated and gave blood samples at 1 st trimester for estimation of HC and serum 25OH-VD, ferritin concentration (FC), hepcidin (HPC) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Women were categorized according to the levels of estimated parameters into control and study groups A-D. Women of groups A and C received VD-ST alone, group B received IST alone and group D received both ST. At delivery, HC, extent of change and frequency of pregnancyassociated anemia (PAA) were determined. Results: At 1 st trimester, 71.7% women were anemic and 38.5% had hypoferremia, 77% had VD deficiency (VDD) and 59.4% had both VDD and PAA. Serum HPC and IL-6 levels in anemic women especially those had VDD were significantly higher than control women. At delivery, 35% of control women developed PAA and mean HC was significantly lower than 1 st trimester HC with a median deficit of 4.72 gm/dl (IQR: 2.8-6.4) among studied population. Frequency of anemic women in groups B-D was decreased at delivery by 21.7%, 30.8% and 30.6%, respectively. Statistical analyses defined high serum HPC and IL-6 levels at 1 st trimester as specific early predictors for PAA development, but early institution of ST especially VD-ST is one of the best significant predictors for improved HC at
A model of academic choice for mathematically talented college women

The goal of this study was to develop a model that described the factors that influence mathematically talented college women’s choice of major. The study was motivated by the extensive research literature concerning the small number of mathematically talented women who choose an undergraduate major in mathematics as compared with mathematically talented men. In contrast to previous research, however, this study examined the academic motivations of talented women independent of the academic motivations of talented men, in an effort to avoid a “deficiency” approach to the analysis of women’s academic choices. |Twelve mathematically talented college women from throughout the United States agreed to participate in a 12-week on-line focus group discussion via a Web site bulletin board. Nine of the participants were available for an individual interview after the close of the bulletin board. Data analysis followed the traditional qualitative method applied in grounded theory research: constant comparative analysis. |The resulting model of academic choice stated that the factors affecting the participants’ choices could be expressed in four domains: environment, behavior, talent, and value. These domains are listed in order of relative importance, with environment having the lowest relative importance and value having the greatest relative importance. The relative importance of the domains refers specifically to how the participants responded to any conflict within the domain and the likelihood that a conflict would cause them to change their majors. When this model was applied to the specific question of why these women were choosing to major in or not major in mathematics, the data showed that the participants had very few conflicts or concerns with the environment of the mathematics departments at their universities. The participants had many conflicts and concerns, however, with the values of the mathematics departments at their universities, and those conflicts were often cited as a central reason (and occasionally the only reason) the participant was not majoring in mathematics. Specifically, many participants felt that it was important that their work have a positive, tangible social impact, and the abstract nature of mathematics was a cause of concern for them.
Serious Games for Improved Defense Contracting by Roi

Gaming has been explored as a research technique in complex systems to explore human interactions within technical domains. These so-called "serious games" are designed for purposes outside of pure entertainment and are intended to help researchers engage with qualitative data that focuses on human behavior. This thesis focuses on a research game called ColumBID which was designed for the Production in the Innovation Economy shipbuilding study. This game seeks to understand the negotiation process in defense contracting and is used to facilitate and record the participants' movement through the tradespace. From a game theory perspective, we analyzed the non-Pareto dominant movements through the tradespace and found that humans explore the space by sliding along fronts until they reach an optimal and then jumping to another front to negotiate another optimal point. The players then compare these optimal points to simplify the multi-variable optimization. We found that an 8% contract price improvement in the competitive case compared to the monopolistic case. This thesis recommends that serious research game design focus on questions about the process rather than the endgame optimization. Thesis Supervisor: Olivier L. de Weck Title: Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cotton, Linen, Ramie, and Viscose Rayon Fabrics

Cotton, linen, ramie, and viscose rayon fabrics along with a cotton / linen blend were hydrolyzed with cellulase from Trichoderma viride. Surface fibrils were eliminated by a 6 hour treatment in all cases. The loss of fibrillar matter appeared to be the primary cause of weight loss at this stage. On prolonged treatment, cotton, linen, and viscose rayon lost weight at a faster rate than ramie and the cotton / linen blend. The fall in yam strength was progressive with increasing weight loss for cotton and viscose, while for linen and ramie it was slight initially and then increased sharply. Retention of strength after 48 hours' incubation time increased in the order viscose rayon << cotton < ramie < linen, whereas weight loss increased in the order ramie < linen < cotton < viscose rayon. X-ray crystallinity and moisture sorption of the samples did not change after the treatment, indicating that the mechanism of endwise attack of the cellulase at accessiblc cellulose chains on crystallite surfaces appeared to apply to all four fibers. The location of enzymatic attack could be monitored with a light microscope using Congo red staining in the case of cotton and linen, but not ramie or rayon. Changes in surface morphology could be followed for all the enzyme-treated fibers by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, mechanical tests demonstrated the changes in stretchability and stiffness of the fabrics and the mobility of yams within the samples.
Integration concept and model of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for interactive virtual environments

The intention of this paper is to provide a concept of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and an integration model in the Virtual Environment (VE) that provide 3D model rich of information used for applications by increasing the level of abstraction of this process. The IFC model provides a definition of building objects, geometry, relation between objects, and other attributes such as layers, systems, link to planning, construction method, materials, domain (HVAC, Electrical, Architectural, Structure.) and quantities. We propose to explore and define how to create a BIM to insure IFC interoperability to use this information in the aim of creating an informed and interactive VE, thus reducing the costs of applications' development. The presented analysis will conduct to define a BIM modeling methodology extending the IFC interoperability to the interactive mixed reality environment.
On the Calculation of Sample Entropy Using Continuous and Discrete Human Gait Data

Sample entropy (SE) has relative consistency using biologically-derived, discrete data >500 data points. For certain populations, collecting this quantity is not feasible and continuous data has been used. The effect of using continuous versus discrete data on SE is unknown, nor are the relative effects of sampling rate and input parameters m (comparison vector length) and r (tolerance). Eleven subjects walked for 10-minutes and continuous joint angles (480 Hz) were calculated for each lower-extremity joint. Data were downsampled (240, 120, 60 Hz) and discrete range-of-motion was calculated. SE was quantified for angles and range-of-motion at all sampling rates and multiple combinations of parameters. A differential relationship between joints was observed between range-of-motion and joint angles. Range-of-motion SE showed no difference; whereas, joint angle SE significantly decreased from ankle to knee to hip. To confirm findings from biological data, continuous signals with manipulations to frequency, amplitude, and both were generated and underwent similar analysis to the biological data. In general, changes to m, r, and sampling rate had a greater effect on continuous compared to discrete data. Discrete data was robust to sampling rate and m. It is recommended that different data types not be compared and discrete data be used for SE.
The inheritance of fruit colour in apple (Malus pumila Mill.)

Deux descendances de pommier impliquant un parent femelle commun sont etudiees quant a l'heredite de la couleur de l'epiderme du fruit. Les segregations obtenues necessitent deux genes complementaires dominants pour rendre compte de la distribution du caractere, couleur rouge de l'epiderme; ces segregations ne satisfont pas l'hypothese classique d'un seul gene dominant. L'aspect rouge uniforme et la presence de stries rouges sur fond jaune ne sont pas deux caracteres independants; l'un des genes proposes pour expliquer la couleur rouge serait lie a un troisieme gene dominant pour conduire a l'aspect rouge uniforme. La couleur rouge fonce a pour origine les cellules epidermiques issues de la couche histogenique L II
Mention Detection Using Pointer Networks for Coreference Resolution

A mention has a noun or noun phrase as its head and constructs a chunk that defines any meaning, including a modifier. Mention detection refers to the extraction of mentions from a document. In mentions, coreference resolution refers to determining any mentions that have the same meaning. Pointer networks, which are models based on a recurrent neural network encoder–decoder, outputs a list of elements corresponding to an input sequence. In this paper, we propose mention detection using pointer networks. This approach can solve the problem of overlapped mention detection, which cannot be solved by a sequence labeling approach. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed mention detection approach is F1 of 80.75%, which is 8% higher than rule‐based mention detection, and the performance of the coreference resolution has a CoNLL F1 of 56.67% (mention boundary), which is 7.68% higher than coreference resolution using rule‐based mention detection.
Antioxidant Activities in Various Peel Extracts of Four Varieties Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) Using DPPH, FRAP Assays

The objectives of this research were to study antioxidant activities from various extracts of rambutan peels using two methods of antioxidant assays which were DPPH (2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power); and correlation of total flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid content in various extracts of rambutan peels with DPPH antioxidant activities and FRAP capacities. Extraction was performed by reflux apparatus using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant capacities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays. Determination of total flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid content was performed by spectrophotometer UV-visible and their correlation with DPPH antioxidant activities and FRAP capacities were analyzed by Pearson’s method. Ethyl acetate extract of lebak bulus rambutan peels (LB2) had the highest DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 3.5 µg/mL, while ethyl acetate extract of binjai rambutan peels (BJ2) had the highest FRAP capacity with EC50 77.1 µg/mL. N-hexane extract of binjai rambutan peels (BJ1) had the highest total flavonoid (3.46 g QE/100 g), ethyl acetate extract of lebak bulus rambutan peels (LB2) had the highest phenolic content (40.9 g GAE/100 g), and nhexane extract of rapiah rambutan peels (RP1) had the highest carotenoid content (0.61 g BE/100 g). There was a positively high correlation between total phenolic content with their antioxidant activity using DPPH and FRAP assays. The DPPH scavenging activities in various peel extracts from four varieties rambutan gave linear result with FRAP capacities.
OH radicals distribution in an Ar-H2O atmospheric plasma jet

Recently, plasma jet systems found numerous applications in the field of biomedicine and treatment of temperature-sensitive materials. OH radicals are one of the main active species produced by these plasmas. Present study deals with the investigation of RF atmospheric pressure plasma jet in terms of OH radicals production by admixture of H2O into argon used as a feed gas. Generation of OH radicals is studied by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The excitation dynamics of OH radicals induced by the laser photons is studied by time-resolved spectroscopy. It is shown that vibrational and rotational energy transfer processes, which are sensitive to the surrounding species, can lead to the complication in the OH radicals diagnostics at high pressure and have to be considered during experiments. The axial and radial 2D maps of absolute densities of hydroxyl radicals at different water contents are obtained. The highest density of 1.15 × 1020 m−3 is measured in the plasma core for the case of 0.3% H2O. I.
Efficient repumping of a Ca magneto-optical trap

We investigate the limiting factors in the standard implementation of the Ca magneto-optical trap. We find that intercombination transitions from the 4s5p 1P1 state used to repump electronic population from the 3d4s 1D2 state severely reduce the trap lifetime. We explore seven alternative repumping schemes theoretically and investigate five of them experimentally. We find all five of these schemes yield a significant increase in trap lifetime and consequently improve the number of atoms and peak atom density by as much as ~20x and ~6x, respectively. One of these transitions, at 453 nm, is shown to approach the fundamental limit for a Ca magneto-optical trap with repumping only from the 3d4s 1D2 state, yielding a trap lifetime of ~5 s.