Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of Student Affairs Professionals' Job Satisfaction

In this meta-analytic review, the researcher summarized previous studies by calculating population coefficients for student affairs professionals' job satisfaction with its 27 antecedents and two correlates. A total of 42 meta-analyses were carried out from 25 prior studies. Empirical research had examined relationships between student affairs professionals' job satisfaction and demographic characteristics, personal characteristics, job characteristics, role states, institutional characteristics, career commitment, and job-related stress. The meta-analyses revealed that the factors of leadership style, positive job characteristics, and higher levels of career commitment were most important constructive determinants of contributing to student affairs professionals' job satisfaction. The analyses also found that role ambiguity, role conflict and job-related stress inversely correlated with student affairs professionals' job satisfaction. The researcher provided practical implications to improve student affairs staff development programs aimed at enhancing job satisfaction based upon the meta-analytic findings. Recommendations included cultivating individual leadership, creating a positive job environment, increasing a link between staff's career goals and the profession, giving clear and consistent role-related information, and providing staff with methods to manage stressful job conditions.
Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries

Lithium (Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1), low density (0.59 g cm−3) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). Unfortunately, uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency during Li deposition/stripping inherent in these batteries have prevented their practical applications over the past 40 years. With the emergence of post-Li-ion batteries, safe and efficient operation of Li metal anodes has become an enabling technology which may determine the fate of several promising candidates for the next generation energy storage systems, including rechargeable Li–air batteries, Li–S batteries, and Li metal batteries which utilize intercalation compounds as cathodes. In this paper, various factors that affect the morphology and Coulombic efficiency of Li metal anodes have been analyzed. Technologies utilized to characterize the morphology of Li deposition and the results obtained by modelling of Li dendrite growth have also been reviewed. Finally, recent development and urgent need in this field are discussed.
Subgap states, doping and defect formation energies in amorphous oxide semiconductor a‐InGaZnO4 studied by density functional theory

Amorphous In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (a‐IGZO) is expected for channel layers in thin‐film transistors (TFTs). It is known that a‐IGZO is sensitive to an O/H‐containing atmosphere; therefore, it is important to clarify the roles of oxygen and hydrogen in a‐IGZO. This paper provides atomic and electronic structures, formation energies of defects and bond energies in a‐IGZO calculated by first‐principles density functional theory (DFT). It was confirmed that oxygen deficiencies having small formation energies (2–3.6 eV) form either deep fully‐occupied localized states near the valence band maximum or donor states, which depend on their local structures. All the hydrogen doping form OH bond and work as a donor. The stable OH bonds have small formation energy of ∼0.45 eV and consist of three metal cations coordinated to the O ion. The bond energy of GaO is calculated to be ∼2.0 eV, which is the largest among the chemical bonds in a‐IGZO (1.7 eV for InO and 1.5 eV for ZnO). This result supports the idea that the incorporation of Ga stabilizes a‐IGZO TFTs.
A review of cement–superplasticizer interactions and their models

This paper presents a focused review of cement–superplasticizer interactions. It has been concluded from the survey of the literature that cement–superplasticizer interactions are generally preceded by the adsorption of superplasticizers on the hydrating cement particles. However, the mechanisms of such adsorptive interactions have not been adequately addressed experimentally or discussed in the literature. The reason for this appears to be the lack of a conceptual model that can delineate the results to date and project needed experiments. A charge-controlled-reaction mechanism model involving Ca2+ ions from initial hydration is proposed to explain the adsorption characteristics of superplasticizers and other organic additives and their effects. The calcium ions released by hydration form a bilayer immediately upon contact of water with the cement, which is followed by adsorption of superplasticizer anions on the Ca2+ ion side of the bilayer. The interfacial structures and their influence on electrical c.
Thermodynamic properties of anhydrous and hydrous wadsleyite, β−Mg2SiO4

Wadsleyite, β-Mg2SiO4, is an important high pressure mineral that may act as a sink of water in the Earth's transition zone. In this study, we first determine the heat capacity and entropy of anhydrous wadsleyite at ambient pressure both experimentally and by first principles simulations. The measured standard entropy S0 at 298 K is 86.7(11) J/(mol K). Then, extended simulations are performed to explore the effect of pressure and hydration on these thermodynamic properties. The stability of several structural models of hydrogen incorporation is investigated and the lowest energy structures are used to derive the vibrational entropy and the heat capacity of hydrous wadsleyite with a nominal content of 1.6 and 3.3 wt% H2O at an ambient pressure and at 15 GPa. Considering an estimation of the configurational entropy, S0 of hydrous wadsleyite with 1.6 and 3.3 wt% H2O is predicted to be about 3.5 and 5 J/(mol K) higher than that of anhydrous wadsleyite at the ambient pressure.
Turing instabilities with nearly equal diffusion coefficients

We show that if a Turing instability occurs in a reaction–diffusion system with a nearly scalar diffusion matrix, then the parameters of the corresponding well‐mixed system are necessarily such that the well‐mixed system has at least two eigenvalues near zero. Conversely, if the corresponding well‐mixed system is sufficiently close to a coalescence point of Hopf and saddle‐node bifurcations (two eigenvalues are zero at such a point), and if the spatial domain is sufficiently large, then there exists a nearly scalar diffusion matrix such that a Turing instability occurs. These results imply that information on bifurcation loci from experiments in continuous‐flow stirred tank reactor suffices to locate regions of parameter space where Turing instabilities are likely to occur; no knowledge of the reaction mechanism and rate constants is needed. In order to illustrate these results, we have analyzed a six‐step model of the Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction due to Showalter, Noyes, and Bar‐Eli. In this model, the.
Deviations in refractive indices and applicability of mixing rules in aniline + alkanol binary mixtures at different temperatures

The refractive indices, n of binary mixtures of aniline with 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, including those of pure liquids, covering the whole composition range have been measured at 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K. From the experimental data, the deviations in refractive index, Δn has been calculated. The variation of Δn with composition and temperature of the mixtures has been discussed in terms of molecular interaction in these mixtures. It is observed that the extent of the deviation Δn for these mixtures follows the sequence: 1-propanol <2-propanol < 2-methyl-1-propanol < 2-methyl-2-propanol, indicating the presence of strong interactions in these mixtures in the same order. Further, the refractive indices of these binary mixtures were calculated theoretically from the refractive index data of pure components and densities of the mixtures by using various empirical and semi-empirical relations and the results were compared with the experimental findings.
Superconductivity of MgB 2 Thin Films Prepared By CoEvaporation and Magnetism of MgB 2 /Fe Multilayers Studied By Mössbauer Spectroscopy

MgB 2 thin films and MgB 2 /Fe multilayers have been prepared by vapor deposition of the elements in vacuum. X-ray diffraction studies of the MgB 2 samples show preferred c -axis growth along the film normal direction. Superconducting transition temperatures of 18 K and 22 K have been measured before and after annealing, respectively, of an MgB 2 film of 1575 Å thickness. Atomic force microscope images show island growth of the films leading to a rough surface. Mössbauer spectroscopy on MgB 2 /Fe/MgB 2 multilayers of various Fe layer thicknesses indicates superparamagnetic behavior. Evidence is provided for the formation of interfacial amorphous (a-) Fe 3 B. The magnetic ordering of Fe and a-Fe 3 B and the size effect in MgB 2 are assumed to be the cause for the destruction of the superconductivity in the as-grown multilayers.
1H NMR Relaxation and NOEs in Nucleic Acids

The T1 of protons in macromolecules is not well defined because of extensive spin diffusion, and relaxation is nonexponential. It is therefore not straightforward to calculate the degree of saturation under conditions of rapid pulsing. The recovery of z magnetization in nucleic acids following nonselective and selective pulses has been calculated, from which apparent spin-lattice relaxation rate constants can be determined. These values have been compared with results obtained at different spectrometer frequencies for a DNA tetradecamer. The initial slopes of nonselective experiments show an inverse quadratic dependence on frequency and differ significantly from apparent T1 values determined by fitting a single exponential to the magnetization-recovery time courses. While many protons give recovery time courses that appear deceptively monoexponential, some protons (especially Ade C2H) show pronounced lags in the magnetization recovery. The influence of methyl-group rotation on proton relaxation is small in nucleic acid fragments of modest size (approximately <20 base pairs), but becomes increasingly important with increasing size. Simulations and experimental NOESY spectra showed that while rapid pulsing substantially diminishes all intensities, most protons have similar saturation factors, so that the normalized cross-peak intensities show a much weaker dependence on the pulse repetition rate.
Effect of gamma irradiation on the physico‐chemical and sensory properties of raw shelled peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.)

Backround The present study evaluated the quality of raw peanuts and pistachio nuts as a function of irradiation dose in order to determine dose levels causing minimal undesirable changes to these products. Physico-chemical (colour, peroxide value, hexanal content, fatty acid composition, volatile compounds) and sensory (colour, texture, odour, taste) properties of raw peanuts and pistachio nuts were determined after irradiation at doses up to 7 kGy. Results Results showed an eight- and seven-fold increase in peroxide value and a twelve and five-fold increase in hexanal content after irradiation at a dose of 7 kGy for peanuts and pistachio nuts, respectively. An increase was also observed in saturated fatty acids (20.51–28.28% and 15.24–24.87%) with a parallel decrease in unsaturated fatty acids (79.49–71.72% and 84.76–75.13%) for peanuts and pistachio nuts, respectively. Likewise, volatile compounds such as aldehydes, alkanes, ketones and alcohols comprising secondary oxidation products of peanut and pistachio nut lipids increased after irradiation. Pistachio nut colour parameter a* and to a lesser extent parameters, L* and b* decreased after irradiation leading to a slight but noticeable darkening in product colour while colour parameter L*, b* and a* of raw peanut remained unchanged by irradiation up to 7 kGy. Conclusion Based on sensory evaluation, peanuts and pistachio nuts become unacceptable for consumption when irradiated at doses higher than 3 kGy. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The calculation of dose from external photon exposures using reference human phantoms and Monte Carlo methods. Pt. 7. Organ doses due to parallel and environmental exposure geometries

This report presents a tabulation of organ and tissue equivalent dose as well as effective dose conversion coefficients, normalised to air kerma free in air, for occupational exposures and environmental exposures of the public to external photon radiation. For occupational exposures, whole-body irradiation with idealised geometries, i.e. broad parallel beams and fully isotropic radiation incidence, is considered. The directions of incidence for the parallel beams are anterior-posterior, posterior-anterior, left lateral, right lateral and a full 360 rotation around the body`s longitudinal axis. The influence of beam divergence on the body doses is also considered as well as the dependence of effective dose on the angle of radiation incidence. Regarding exposure of the public to environmental sources, three source geometries are considered: exposure from a radioactive cloud, from ground contamination and from the natural radionuclides distributed homogeneously in the ground. The precise angular and energy distributions of the gamma rays incident on the human body were taken into account. The organ dose conversion coefficients given in this catalogue were calculated using a Monte Carlo code simulating the photon transport in mathematical models of an adult male and an adult female, respectively. Conversion coefficients are given for the equivalent dose of 23 organs and tissues as well as for effective dose and the equivalent dose of the so-called `remainder`. The organ equivalent dose conversion coefficients are given separately for the adult male and female models and - as arithmetic mean of the conversion coefficients of both - for an average adult. Fitted data of the coefficients are presented in tables; the primary raw data as resulting from the Monte Carlo calculation are shown in figures together with the fitted data. (orig.)
Effectiveness of carbon nanotube–cobalt ferrite nanocomposites for the adsorption of rhodamine B from aqueous solutions

The efficiency of adsorption of rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution was investigated through a series of batch experiments by using cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4), acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT–COOH) and carbon nanotube–cobalt ferrite nanocomposites. The adsorption capacity was evaluated as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, dye concentration and temperature. The effect of increasing the percentage of MWCNT–COOH in the nanocomposites was also studied. The adsorption capacity was lowest in CoFe2O4 (5.165 mg g−1) and highest with MWCNT–COOH (42.68 mg g−1). For the nanocomposites, the adsorption capacity was enhanced with an increase in the amount of MWCNT–COOH. The optimum pH for adsorption was observed at 7 at which equilibrium was reached after 360 min. The kinetics of adsorption was fitted to the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The results showed that the pseudo-second order model best described the data as reflected in the lowest value for the sum of squared residuals. Among the various adsorption isotherms tested, the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the equilibrium data. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG°, were obtained over a temperature range of 20–45 °C. Adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-driven, except for one of the doped nanocomposites for which adsorption was exothermic. A good desorption of RhB from the loaded adsorbents was obtained by using either acetone or ethanol with a desorption efficiency in the range of 62–95%.
Extended networks via hydrogen bond cross-linkages of [M(bipy)](M = Zn2+ or Fe2+;bipy = 4,4′-bipyridyl) linear co-ordination polymers

Both co-ordinative and hydrogen bonds contribute to networking in a series of polymeric compounds based on [M(bipy)] (bipy = 4,4′-bipyridyl) linear chains, which, through metal-co-ordinated water molecules and solvated bipy bases, have been shown to be cross-linked by single or double hydrogen-bond bridges of the type M–H 2 O · · · bipy · · · H 2 O–M, producing extended frames.
Vibrational Investigation of Catalyst Surfaces: Change of the Adsorption Site of CO Molecules upon Coadsorption

The understanding of the elementary steps occurring in catalytic reactions in the heterogeneous phase is one of the foremost goals of surface science. Adsorption on solid surfaces is the first step in catalytic reactions. Therefore, the individuation of adsorption sites for reactive chemical species is essential information to tailor catalytic properties of surfaces and interfaces. As a matter of fact, the change in adsorption site often implies a different reactivity for chemisorbed adsorbates and a selective catalytic activity. In this Feature Article, we evidence how vibrational spectroscopy can be used for individuating adsorption sites in coadsorption systems on catalyst surfaces. In particular, we studied CO coadsorption with oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen on the Ni(111) and the Ni(100) surfaces. Our attention was focused on the determination of CO adsorption sites in the various investigated systems. For CO adsorbed alone on the substrate, the preferential adsorption sites are the 3-fold hollow on .
Preparation of polyaniline in the presence of polymeric sulfonic acids mixtures: the role of intermolecular interactions between polyacids

Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by chemical oxidation of aniline in the presence of mixtures of water-soluble poly(sulfonic acids) of different nature. Under these conditions, the use of polyacid templates leads to the formation of interpolymer complexes of PANI and polyacid mixtures. The obtained PANI complexes were characterized by UV, visible, near IR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the rigidity of the polyacid backbone and the composition of a polyacid mixture affect the electronic structure of PANI complexes and the duration of the induction period of aniline oxidation. Domination of the more rigid-backbone template in the synthesis of PANI complexes with mixtures of the rigid- and flexible-backbone polyacids was observed. According to the viscometry and FTIR spectroscopic data, the reason of the domination is the existence of the intermolecular interaction between the polyacids in the mixture. In this case, duration of the induction period of aniline oxidation was between these values for pure polyacids.
Residue Levels of a Sub Lethal Dose of Organochlorine Endosulfan in Whole Fish of Tilapia Species Oreochromis niloticus.

Residual analysis of a sub lethal dose (0.02mg/l) of the insecticide endosulfan was studied in Nile tilapia species (Oreochromis niloticus). The species showed an ability to accumulate both alpha and beta endosulfan reaching maximum after 48 hours’ exposure. Beyond which there was a steady elimination of the pesticide until reaching undetectable levels at day 7 for alpha endosulfan and day 9 for beta endosulfan. At day 11 none of the two isomers were detected. Results revealed higher levels of beta isomer relative to alpha isomer. Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) of Total Endosulfan reached its maximum of 13,860 folds after 48 hours of exposure and minimum of 400 after seven days. At day 11 Endosulfan level was not detected. Following that BAF increased at day 13 to 11,420 folds and then decreased to 8,970 folds at day 15.
Neutron small-angle scattering of E. coli ribosomes. A contrast variation study

Summary form only given, substantially as follows. The authors with the aid of neutron small-angle scattering with the contrast-variation method have established that for 50S and 70S ribosomal particles the RNA-protein distribution is such that the RNA component is located predominantly towards the interior and the protein towards the exterior of the particle. In contrast, the 30S subunit is much more homogeneous in its RNA-protein distribution. The shape of the 50S subunit has been determined at low resolution. The authors have extended these studies to 30S and 70S particles and found that the scattering density of the 70S ribosomes as for the 50S subunit decreases from the centre to the outer surface of the particle. Thus for 70S and 50S particles the r-RNA is located mainly in the interior and the bulk of the protein is distributed concentrically on the outer surface.
Monitoring of inhomogeneous flow distributions using fibre-optic Bragg grating temperature sensor arrays

Knowledge of the gas flow distributions, their mass velocity and turbulences, in chemical reactors, thermodynamic engines, pipes, and other industrial facilities may help to achieve a more efficient system performance. In our novel approach, optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have been used for measuring the temperature of a heated element, adapting the principles of conventional hot-wire-anemometers. Because of the multiplexing capability of FBG sensors, the gas mass flow distribution can be measured along the sensor array. The length of the heated and sensor-equipped element can be easily adapted to the cross section of the gas flow, from <10 cm up to several metres. The number and distances of FBGs distributed over this length defines the spatial resolution and is basically limited by the sensor signal processing. According to FBG sensor lengths < 5 mm, spatial resolutions of gas flow measurements of less than 1 cm can be achieved.
CO2 Recovery at High Temperatures Using Ba2TiO4

We investigated the use of Ba2TiO4 to remove CO2 from a flow gas at high temperatures. Experiments using a CO2/N2 gas and a vertical reaction tube showed that the CO2 concentration of the exit gas can be reduced to 1% or less at 500 to 800°C (and to even 0.1% or less at 600°C) when the space velocity (SV) of the flow is 2000 h–1. Also, the CO2 concentration changes for the gas mass flow at 700°C or lower. From the results of reaction rate analysis of Ba2TiO4 and CO2, at temperatures of 550°C and higher, the activation energy was 12.5 kJ/mol, indicating that this range is a diffusion-rate controlled area. The reaction rate had a linear correlation with the CO2 concentration from 500 to 800°C, and the estimated reaction degree was 0.96. These results indicate that Ba2TiO4 can effectively remove CO2 from exhaust gas at high temperatures.
Synthesis and characterization of dextran hydrogels prepared with chlor‐ and nitrogen‐containing crosslinkers

In this study, we have synthesized dextran hydrogels by the crosslinking reactions of dextran with some selective Cl-, and N-containing functional monomers, such as epichlorohydrin (ECH), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm), and glutaraldehyde (GA). Crosslinking reactions were carried out in the basic aqueous solutions (2.8NNaOH) at 25–50°C. The optimum conditions for effective crosslinking, i.e., temperature, crosslinking time, and amount of crosslinker, were determined for each system. The hydrogel discs of 3 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thickness were subjected to a number of Tris-buffer solutions of desired pH (2.0–9.0) at 37°C. Swelling kinetics of the hydrogels were evaluated with second–order swelling model. The pH-dependent swelling of hydrogels was strongly influenced by the functional group of crosslinker and crosslinker content. While the hydrogels prepared with ECH and MBAm shows higher swelling ability at basic medium than that of acidic medium, GA-containing hydrogels exhibited just the opposite behavior. Mesh sizes (ξ) and average molecular weights between crosslinks (Mc) were estimated from swelling data using the Flory-Rehner theory. Characterization studies were completed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:4213–4221, 2006