Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hydrochemical tracers to estimate source contributions to peak flow in a small, forested, headwater catchment

Three‐component (throughfall, soil water, groundwater) hydrograph separations at peak flow were performed on 10 storms over a 2‐year period in a small forested catchment in north‐central Maryland using an iterative and an exact solution. Seven pairs of tracers (deuterium and oxygen 18, deuterium and chloride, deuterium and sodium, deuterium and silica, chloride and silica, chloride and sodium, and sodium and silica) were used for three‐component hydrograph separation for each storm at peak flow to determine whether or not the assumptions of hydrograph separation routinely can be met, to assess the adequacy of some commonly used tracers, to identify patterns in hydrograph‐separation results, and to develop conceptual models for the patterns observed. Results of the three‐component separations were not always physically meaningful, suggesting that assumptions of hydrograph separation had been violated. Uncertainties in solutions to equations for hydrograph separations were large, partly as a result of violations of assumptions used in deriving the separation equations and partly as a result of improper identification of chemical compositions of end‐members. Results of three‐component separations using commonly used tracers were widely variable. Consistent patterns in the amount of subsurface water contributing to peak flow (45–100%) were observed, no matter which separation method or combination of tracers was used. A general conceptual model for the sequence of contributions from the three end‐members could be developed for 9 of the 10 storms. Overall results indicated that hydrochemical and hydrometric measurements need to be coupled in order to perform meaningful hydrograph separations.
Spatial variation of englacial radar attenuation: Modeling approach and application to the Vostok flowline

[1] Constraining the spatial variation of englacial radar attenuation is critical for accurate inference of the spatial variation of the englacial and basal properties of ice sheets from radar returned power. Here we evaluate attenuation models that account for spatial variations in ice temperature and chemistry and test them along the flowline that passes through the Vostok ice core site, Antarctica. The simplest model, often used but rarely valid, assumes a uniform attenuation rate everywhere along the flowline, so that total attenuation is proportional to ice thickness. The next simplest model uses spatially varying temperatures predicted by an ice-flow model and assumes uniform chemistry. Additional models account for spatially varying chemistry using englacial stratigraphy. We find that the roundtrip attenuation to the bed can easily differ by 10 dB or more between the uniform attenuation-rate model and models that account for variable ice temperature. Such differences are sufficient to confound the delineation of dry and wet beds. Also including spatial variations in chemistry produces smaller differences (<10 dB), but the magnitude of these differences depends on the relative importance of dry and wet deposition of impurities in the past. Accounting for dry-deposited impurities requires ice-flow modeling and results in larger differences from all other models, which assume uniform chemistry or wet deposition only. These results indicate that modeling the spatial variation of attenuation requires a spatially varying temperature model in order to infer bed conditions from bed returned power accurately, and that both ice core data and radar stratigraphy are also strongly desirable.
Static and dynamic buckling of functionality graded plates subjected to thermomechanical loading

In the paper the buckling phenomenon for static and dynamic loading (pulse of finite duration) of FGM plates subjected to simultaneous action of one directional compression and thermal field is presented. Thin, rectangular plates simply supported along all edges are considered. The investigations are conducted for different values of volume fraction exponent and uniform temperature rise in conjunction with mechanical dynamic pulse loading of finite duration.
Turbulence evolution and mixing in a two-layer stably stratified fluid

The results of an experimental study of shear-free decaying grid-generated turbulence on both sides of a sharp interface between two homogeneous layers of different densities are presented. The evolution of turbulence and mixing were examined by simultaneously mapping the velocity (u, w) and density fields (ρ) and the vertical mass flux $F(=\overline{\rho w}/\rho\prime w\prime)$ together with flow visualization in a low-noise water tunnel. Buoyancy was induced by salinity differences so the value of the Schmidt number Sc = 700. Density stratification altered the inertial-buoyancy force balance (most simply expressed by Nt, the product of the buoyancy frequency N and turbulent timescale t) so as to attenuate turbulent velocity fluctuations, vertical motions and interfacial convolutions, normalized density fluctuations, vertical flux mass, and mean interfacial thickness. Vertical velocity fluctuations w′ were found to increase with distance from the interface, whereas the u′-distribution can be non-monotonic. The maximum value of the mass flux, F, was found to be about 0.5 which was less than the typical value of 0.7 for thermally stratified wind tunnel experiments for which Sc = 0.7. The vertical mass flux can be a combination of down-gradient and counter-gradient transport with the ratio varying with Nt (e.g. at Nt ≈ 5, the flux is counter-gradient). The flux Richardson number Rf was found to increase monotonically to values of approximately 0.05.
Small-scale Variation in a Benthic Community at an Intertidal Flat in Thailand : Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity of Seagrass Vegetation

I examined the diversity and abundance of benthic animal communities in an intertidal seagrass bed at Haad Chao Mai National Park,Thailand,in relation to small-scale spatial heterogeneity of the seagrass vegetation.In this seagrass bed,two dominant seagrasses,Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii,coexist in a mosaic of monospecific vegetation.I collected benthic animals at the center,edge and outside of the H.ovalis vegetation at one site that bordered an unvegetated sand flat and at another site surrounded by T.hemprichii vegetation.A total of3146benthic animals from61taxa were collected. The most numerious species was the lucinid bivalve Pillucina sp. ,composing more than60%of the indi viduals.Although the species composition of benthic animals did not differ largely among the three posi tions at each site,taxa richness(the number of taxa)was higher in the center of the H.ovalis vegetation than the edge of and outside the vegetation.Among the four dominant taxa,Pillucina sp.and a sabellid polychaete were generally more abundant in the center of the vegetation than at the edge of and outside the vegetation,whereas significant variation among positions was not detected in the densities of capitellid and spionid polychaetes.Significant among-position variation was also detected in the relative abundance of some taxa.The patterns of among-position variation in taxa richness and abundance did not differ be tween the two sites.These findings suggest that small-scale spatial heterogeneity of seagrass vegetation has a great impact on the diversity and abundance of benthic communities in intertidal seagrass beds,and that the responses of benthic animals to habitat heterogeneity are species specific.
The Neutral High-Cl Thermal springs of Java, Indonesia

A limited number of neutral high-Cl thermal springs are found on Java, Indonesia. Only one of them appears related to a known exploitable deep neutral-Cl geothermal reservoir and that is the Sarimaya springs at Awibengkok. Only two of the other groups of springs appear related to undrilled, possibly exploitable systems. One may be sourced from the Sunda caldera just north of Bandung. Springs at Ngebel may also be related to a high temperature system, but with a sedimentary reservoir that may limit exploitation. Springs at Cilayu and Ungaran appear to be neutralised outflows from magmatic vapour cored systems that may have limited associated exploitable resources. Springs at Kromong, Sangkan Hurup and Lawu do not fit into the above categories. They are interpreted to be from systems in which the weight of the volcanic pile has deformed underlying sediments to create permeability to allow deep circulation of meteoric waters that become saline upon being heated under the regional temperature gradient of Java and thus are unlikely to be associated with high temperature resources. Understanding this and the resulting spring chemistry, provides an additional tool for assessing geothermal development potential.
The relationship between identity styles with emotional self- regulation styles and target-based orientation in high school students

The main purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between identity styles withthe emotional self-regulation styles and target-based orientation among first year high school students. This study is a correlation type of study. The number of the sample was about 402 first year girl high school students being taken up by the clustering method in this research. Berzonski (1989) identity style questionnaire, Midgholi et al (1998) target-based orientation questionnaire and Mars (1998) emotional self-regulation questionnaire were applied to gather the related data in this present study[14]. The multi-regression analysis was applied in order to analyze the data by step-by-step method using SPSS Software. The results of the research showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the informational identity style and normative identity style with the entire styles of emotional self-regulation but there was shown only a significant negative relationship between the avoidance-confusing identity style with two behaviors and focus on emotional self-regulation change styles in this pavement. In relation to the identity styles with the progression targets, there is a positive significant correlation between the informational identity styles with skillful target-based orientation but it has not got positive significant relationship between the normative identity styles with skillful target-based orientation and avoidancefunctional orientation. The results of the multi-regression analysis by step-to-step method showed that the normative identity style has got the highest part in predicting the emotional self-regulation. Then, the informational style and finally the avoidance-confusing style (negative style) predicted the emotional self-regulation, respectively. The results of the multi-regression by step-to-step method showed that the normative identity style has got the highest part or degree in predicting the skillful style of the progressive targets; then, the informational style and avoidance-confusing style predicted the highest degree of the skillful style. The normative style has got the highest degree in predicting the avoidance-functional target-based orientation and then the avoidance-confusing style predicted the avoidance-functional target-based orientation.
Generational Succession as a Trigger for Family Business Internationalization

For many individuals the two most important dimensions in their lives are family and work and, as such, it is understandable the potential of family firms. One of the barriers this type of business has to face is the succession. This process is regarded as key stage in the life of a family business and, as a result of this importance, has been one of the topics most addressed in the literature. At the same time, family businesses are commonly described as having a lower propensity to internationalize. Actually, the born-again global phenomenon has gained increasing importance. This concept refers to companies that, after many years focused on the domestic market, suddenly embrace in an internationalization process. The present research aims to bring together the phenomenon of born-again global with family business reality. Using the grounded methodology we developed an exploratory study, analyzing six companies in which the successions lead to the beginning of internationalization and we find a bridge linking succession and born-again global firms: the successor appears as a critical factor to the internationalization process, years after of a national scope of activity.
Optimization of Process Parameters of Abrasive Jet Machining on Hastelloy through Response Surface Methodology

The demand for micro products is rapidly increasing in chemical, marine and aerospace industries. The super alloys which have high strength and corrosion resistance properties play a major role. Hastelloy which is difficult to machine by the conventional processes can be machined by using AJM. Hastelloy C276 sheet of thickness 1mm has been drilled on the AJM test rig using variable process parameters. In this paper optimization of process parameters of Abrasive Jet Machining of Hastelloy C276 by RSM methodology is presented. The values obtained in RSM Analysis were compared with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Various levels of experiments are conducted using L15 orthogonal array for both MRR and KERF.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 170-178
Feedback effects in erbium-doped fiber amplifier/source for open-loop fiber-optic gyroscope

We have investigated rotation-dependent feedback effects in an erbium-doped fiber source for an open-loop fiber-optic gyroscope with fiber amplifier/source configuration. Average power and optical spectrum of the source output as well as of the amplified signal output were found to vary depending on the rotation rate, resulting in the distortion of the gyroscope output. The distorted gyroscope output could be quantitatively explained by a theoretical model with the assumption that the source power and the gain variation due to feedback depends primarily on the average feedback signal power. It was found that the distortion in gyroscope output due to rotation-dependent feedback can be minimized when the phase difference is modulated with an amplitude of 2.405 rad where the average feedback signal power becomes independent of the rotation rate.
Pricing Commodity Futures Options in the Schwartz Multi Factor Model with Stochastic Volatility: An Asymptotic Method

In this paper we investigate the applicability of the asymptotic approach developed in Fouque et al. (2000) for pricing commodity futures options in a Schwartz (1997) multi factor model, featuring both stochastic convenience yield and stochastic volatility. We show that the zero order term in the expansion coincides with the Schwartz (1997) two factor term, with expected long-term volatility replacing the constant volatility term, and provide an explicit expression for the first order correction term. Using empirical data from the natural gas futures market, we demonstrate that a significantly better calibration can be achieved by involving the correction term as compared to the standard Schwartz (1997) two factor expression. This improvement comes at virtually no extra effort.
Yield and Profit from New and Old Wheat Varieties Using Certified and Farmer-Saved Seeds

Wheat is a strategic crop for food security in Pakistan with predominance of smallholder farmers. Farmer-saved seed (FSS) is used nearly by 75% of farmers for wheat production. Frequent variety or seed replacement is uncommon even among large-scale farmers, and certified seed (CS) is mostly bought to verify the value of new varieties. Replacing old and obsolete varieties by new high yielding disease resistant varieties is key to transferring new genetic gains to farmers. For the first time in Pakistan, on-farm factorial experiments involving seven new and five old wheat varieties and their corresponding CS and FSS were conducted. A total of 49 farmers representing major wheat cropping patterns throughout the country participated in these trials in the 2014 and 2015 wheat growing seasons. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference between wheat varieties and between seed classes. New variety + CS gave 33.8% more grain yield as well as higher marginal return over farmers’ variety + FSS. Grain yield and returns from new variety + FSS and farmers’ variety + CS were at par. Scientific knowledge generated in this research demonstrated that use of CS of new wheat varieties is best option, while growing new varieties with FSS is a second choice for the advantages accruing from their built-in genetic traits of economic importance over growing CS of old and obsolete varieties. Having more flexible seed system will help accelerate the delivery of new genetic gains to farmers’ fields.
Microparticulate feeds for Penaeid larvae

The mass production of penaeid larvae still depends on live foods such as diatoms, Chlorella and Artemia . However, it requires much facilities, maintenance expenses, and labor to produce a desired amount of life foods safely and constantly. Also, the nutritive value of planktonic organisms is occasionally variable and this makes the use of live food for mass culture restrictive. Therefore, it is necessary to develop microparticulate diets as a substitute for live foods to further increase the productivity of seed for shrimp culture.
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural (HMF) – Heat-Induced Formation, Occurrence in Food and Biotransformation – a Review

Abstract The chemical structure of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), its physicochemical properties and reactions that lead to the synthesis of HMF were discussed. Special attention was paid to HMF formation in food during processing. The potential applications of this compound in industry were described as well. Moreover, this review outlines the most important sources of HMF in human diet and estimates the potential daily intake of HMF by consumers. The known and suggested metabolic pathways, as well as the impact of HMF and its metabolites on human health are also discussed.
Hindered motion in highly porous media : steric and fractal approaches

Two-dimensional simulation of porous media using a pore fractal dimension D was performed. Obtained results can be outlined as follows: 1). Starting from large pores with aspect ratio of micro-particle size to pore size  > 0.001, molecules (or test object) recognise the pore volume as a partially restricted space with reduced fractal dimension. 2). The restriction effect on a molecule depends on pore topology (in the present case on the type of packing). 3). Dramatic reduction of D is observed when  overcomes 0.01 and approaches  ~ 0.1 in a 2-D approach, meaning that the test object recognises the pore as one dimensional rather than a 2-D space; in turn, a 3-D system will be recognised by the the test object as a 2-D system. 4). Concerning the hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) the simulation explains why micro-objects become significantly retarded even at  ~ 0.01, that is, even when the ratio between the Stokes-Einstein diameter of the diffusing micro-object to the equivalent pore diameter is very small. The developed approach confirms that even for micro-object with a very simple geometry (a square test box) a molecule might be much more sensitive to pore topology than what could be expected by a steric effect. It is possible to expect a more pronounced effect for asymmetric micro-objects in tortuous channels. These results show that the problem of molecular sensitivity towards pore topology may be understood using fractal analysis. Further work will apply this fractal approach to diffusivity behaviour in gel-like and fibre-like or foam structures.
Price premiums for organic pasta and pasta produced in Sweden

Due to the growing interest for organically and locally produced food, several studies based on consumers’ stated preferences regarding organic and Swedish-produced food products have been conducted. However, attitudes and preferences do not always convert into actions, causing a void in the research (Jorgensen, 2011). This thesis aims to detect whether the Swedish consumers are willing to pay a price premium for organic and Swedish-produced pasta, based on revealed preferences. To determine the price premiums the hedonic pricing method is applied. The dataset includes 305 observations from different geographical areas in Sweden: Uppsala, Malmo, Bunkeflostrand, Stockholm, Limhamn, Norrkoping and Goteborg. The price premiums obtained for the attributes “organic pasta” and “Swedish-produced pasta” were 7,9 SEK/kg and 2,3 SEK/kg respectively, nevertheless the price premium for “Swedish-produced pasta” did not show any significance in the model. The Swedish government has an ambition of increasing the organically certified farmland with 30 % to 2030 (Naringsdepartementet, 2017). Hence the results serve as an incentive for the farmers to increase their organic production, which is conformable with the government’s goal. In addition, the results provide an indication regarding how the Swedish consumers value the environmental qualities associated with organic food production.
An Empirical Assessment of Demographic Factors, Organizational Ranks and Organizational Commitment

This study investigated the relationship between demographic factors (age, tenure and level of education) and organizational commitment. The data was collected from the knitwear organizations in Lahore and Faisalabad, Pakistan. Five set of questionnaire per organization were distributed to assess the perceived employees’ commitment through self reported Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and biographical factors form. The results of the data showed that length of service is significantly associated with organizational commitment, whereas, education level is negatively correlated with organizational commitment. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between organizational commitment and age. The results of this study also showed that the managers and the supervisors are more committed than the workers. The findings suggested that top management might be able to increase the level of commitment in the workers by increasing employee satisfaction with compensation, policies, training, and working conditions. Furthermore, managers can increase organizational commitment by communicating that they value employees’ contribution and that they care about employees’ well being.
Private Saving and Terms of Trade Shocks

This paper examines the relationship between temporary terms of trade shocks and household saving in developing countries. It is first shown that, from a theoretical standpoint, this relationship is ambiguous: private saving may rise or fall in response to a transitory terms of trade shock, depending on the values of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the intratemporal elasticity of substitution between traded and nontraded goods. Empirical estimates of these two parameters are obtained using data from a sample of 13 developing countries, and then used to draw implications for the response of private saving to transitory terms of trade shocks.