Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative \'{E}tale Realizations of Motivic Spaces and Dwyer-Friedlander $K$-Theory of Noncommutative Schemes

In this paper, we construct a refined, relative version of the etale realization functor of motivic spaces, first studied by Isaksen and Schmidt. Their functor goes from the $\infty$-category of motivic spaces over a base scheme $S$ to the $\infty$-category of $p$-profinite spaces, where $p$ is a prime which is invertible in all residue fields of $S$. In the first part of this paper, we refine the target of this functor to an $\infty$-category where $p$-profinite spaces is a further completion. Roughly speaking, this $\infty$-category is generated under cofiltered limits by those spaces whose associated "local system" on $S$ is $A^1$-invariant. We then construct a new, relative version of their etale realization functor which takes into account the geometry and arithmetic of the base scheme $S$. For example, when $S$ is the spectrum of a field $k$, our functor lands in a certain $\infty$-category equivariant for the absolute Galois group. Our construction relies on a relative version of etale homotopy types in the sense of Artin-Mazur-Friedlander, which we also develop in some detail, expanding on previous work of Barnea-Harpaz-Schlank. We then stabilize our functor, in the $S^1$-direction, to produce an etale realization functor for motivic $S^1$-spectra (in other words, Nisnevich sheaves of spectra which are $A^1$-invariant). To this end, we also develop an $\infty$-categorical version of the theory of profinite spectra, first explored by Quick. As an application, we refine the construction of the etale $K$-theory of Dwyer and Friedlander, and define its non-commutative extension. This latter invariant should be seen as an $\ell$-adic analog of Blanc's theory of semi-topological $K$-theory of non-commutative schemes. We then formulate and prove an analog of Blanc's conjecture on the torsion part of this theory, generalizing the work of Antieau and Heller.
Task Exploring Fit to Improve Mine Safety: A NIOSH Project on Mobile Proximity Detection Systems

Editor’s Note: La Tasha Swanson presented on research conducted by NIOSH regarding the implementation of mobile proximity detection systems in underground coal mines at the annual Holmes Safety meeting in June . I found the Task-technology Fit model may have more wide-spread application in mining for any newly introduced technology. The following is a short overview of the research project and description of that model.
Vector bundles on fuzzy Kähler manifolds

We propose a matrix regularization of vector bundles over a general closed Kähler manifold. This matrix regularization is given as a natural generalization of the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization and gives a map from sections of a vector bundle to matrices. We examine the asymptotic behaviors of the map in the large-N limit. For vector bundles with algebraic structure, we derive a beautiful correspondence of the algebra of sections and the algebra of corresponding matrices in the large-N limit. We give two explicit examples for monopole bundles over a complex projective space CPn and a torus T2n.
Short circuit arc welder and method of controlling same

The present invention relates to an electric arc welder operated to perform a short circuit arc welding process between the welding electrode and the workpiece, the welding process is a short-circuit condition and the arc condition are alternately continuously, during the short circuit condition having a first current waveform, the arc during state and a second voltage waveform. A first waveform generator is a pulse wave modulator operated at a rate to form a first waveform from a sequence of current pulses that are controlled by the pulse wave modulator operated at a rate exceeding 18 kHz, and the second waveform generator exceeding 18 kHz which is controlled by the form the second waveform from a sequence of current pulses. A second waveform generator includes a circuit that generates a second waveform having a substantially constant arc parameters, typically voltage.
Blocks of the category of smooth ℓ-modular
representations of GL(n,F) and its inner forms : reduction to level 0

Let $G$ be an inner form of a general linear group over a non-archimedean locally compact field of residue characteristic $p$, let $R$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from $p$ and let $\mathscr{R}_R(G)$ be the category of smooth representations of $G$ over $R$. In this paper, we prove that a block (indecomposable summand) of $\mathscr{R}_R(G)$ is equivalent to a level-$0$ block (a block in which every object has non-zero invariant vectors for the pro-$p$-radical of a maximal compact open subgroup) of $\mathscr{R}_R(G')$, where $G'$ is a direct product of groups of the same type of $G$.
Electroosmotically enabled Electrorheological Effects in a Planar Nematic Crystal Flow

Study of electrokinetics of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) with dissolved impurities hold utmost importance in understanding director distribution characteristics and modified flow rheology. However, no concrete theory for the non-uniform potential and ionic species distribution, due to an induced electrical double layer (EDL) at the LC-substrate interface, derived from fundamental principles have been put forward in this regard. In this work, we have developed coupled governing equations from fundamental free energy considerations for the potential distribution and the director configuration of the nematic LC within the induced electrical double layer which is generated due to certain physico-chemical interactions at the LC-substrate interface. With these considerations, an electroosmotically-enabled nematodynamics for a particular LC, namely, MBBA, with strong planar anchoring at the boundaries is studied. We obtained multiple solution for director configuration, which is an integral characteristics of nematic flow solutions, and investigated for the most stable solution employing an entropic analysis. We finally proceed to depicts the electroosmotic flow features of the nematic LC wherein we focused on the spontaneous development of the electrorheological effect and the resulting elastic description of the nematic LC for the most stable solution obtained.
Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

In this thesis a comprehensive review of fuel cell modeling has been given and based on the review, a general mathematical fuel cell model has been developed in order to understand the physical phenomena governing the fuel cell behavior and in order to contribute to the efforts investigating the optimum performance at different operating conditions as well as with different physical parameters. The steady state, isothermal model presented here accounts for the combined effects of mass and species transfer, momentum conservation, electrical current distribution through the gas channels, the electrodes and the membrane, and the electrochemical kinetics of the reactions in the anode and cathode catalyst layers. One of the important features of the model is that it proposes a simpler modified pseudo-homogeneous/agglomerate catalyst layer model which takes the advantage of the simplicity of pseudo-homogenous modeling while taking into account the effects of the agglomerates in the catalyst layer by using experimental geometric parameters published. The computation of the general mathematical model can be accomplished in 3D, 2D and 1D with the proper assumptions. Mainly, there are two computational domains considered in this thesis. The first modeling domain is a 2D Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) model including the modified agglomerate/pseudohomogeneous catalyst layer modeling with consistent treatment of water transport in the MEA while the second domain presents a 3D model with different flow filed designs: straight, stepped and tapered. COMSOL Multiphysics along with Batteries and Fuel Cell Module have been used for 2D & 3D model computations while ANSYS FLUENT PEMFC Module has been used for only 3D two-phase computation. Both models have been validated with experimental data. With 2D MEA model, the effects of temperature and water content of the membrane as well as the equivalent weight of the membrane on the performance have been addressed. 3D COMSOL simulation results showed that the fuel
Complementary Asymptotically Sharp Estimates for Eigenvalue Means of Laplacians

We present asymptotically sharp inequalities, containing a 2nd term, for the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian on a domain, which are complementary to the familiar Berezin–Li–Yau and Kröger inequalities in the limit as the eigenvalues tend to infinity. We accomplish this in the framework of the Riesz mean $R_1(z)$ of the eigenvalues by applying the averaged variational principle with families of test functions that have been corrected for boundary behaviour.
HAT-P-17b,c: A TRANSITING, ECCENTRIC, HOT SATURN AND A LONG-PERIOD, COLD JUPITER

We report the discovery of HAT-P-17b,c, a multi-planet system with an inner transiting planet in a short-period, eccentric orbit and an outer planet in a 4.4 yr, nearly circular orbit. The inner planet, HAT-P-17b, transits the bright V = 10.54 early K dwarf star GSC 2717-00417, with an orbital period P = 10.338523 ± 0.000009 days, orbital eccentricity e = 0.342 ± 0.006, transit epoch Tc = 2454801.16943 ± 0.00020 (BJD: barycentric Julian dates throughout the paper are calculated from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)), and transit duration 0.1690 ± 0.0009 days. HAT-P-17b has a mass of 0.534 ± 0.018 MJ and radius of 1.010 ± 0.029 RJ yielding a mean density of 0.64 ± 0.05 g cm−3. This planet has a relatively low equilibrium temperature in the range 780–927 K, making it an attractive target for follow-up spectroscopic studies. The outer planet, HAT-P-17c, has a significantly longer orbital period P2 = 1610 ± 20 days and a minimum mass m2sin i2 = 1.31+0.18−0.15 MJ. The orbital inclination of HAT-P-17c is unknown as transits have not been observed and may not be present. The host star has a mass of 0.86 ± 0.04 M☉, radius of 0.84 ± 0.02 R☉, effective temperature 5246 ± 80 K, and metallicity [Fe/H] = 0.00 ± 0.08. HAT-P-17 is the second multi-planet system detected from ground-based transit surveys.
BioSimGrid Biomolecular Simulation Database

BioSimGrid is a distributed biomolecular simulation database. It is a general-purpose database for trajectories from molecular dynamics simulations. Though initially designed as a distributed data grid, BioSimGrid allows for installation as a stand-alone instance. This can later be integrated into a wider, networked system. This presentation of BioSimGrid follows a scenario in biological research to demonstrate how to install the system, and how to deposit, query, and analyze trajectories in this system, with real Python code examples for each step. What then follow are explanations of the underlying concepts in the implementation of BioSimGrid: relational database, distributed computing, and the input/output (deposit and analysis) modules. Finishing the presentation is a discussion of the emerging trends and concerns in the further development of BioSimGrid and similar biological databases. This discussion touches on qualityassurance issues and the use of BioSimGrid as a back-end for other speciality databases. The experience of developing BioSimGrid compels the conclusion: In the development and maintenance of biomolecular simulation databases, it is essential that sustainability be asserted as a key principle.
The Design of Unified Bar Code for Drugs in China

OBJECTIVE:To design chinese unified bar code for drugs(BCD)with uniqueness and permenancy. METHO_ DS:Based on analysis of the status and problems of BCD used at present in China,the method and principle to standardize BCD were brought forward.RESULTS:The statistics indicated that most of the prescription drugs have no BCD labelled on the package and there is no unified drug identifying criterion adopted by pharmaceutical manufactures,therefore the departˉment concerned should draw up unified BCD in China.CONCLUSION:Chinese unified BCD would be beneficial to scientific management of drugs and to ensure the safety of drug use.
Acoustic Modeling of Speech Signal using Artificial Neural Network: A Review of Techniques and Current Trends

Acoustic modeling of the sound unit is a crucial component of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system. This is the process of establishing statistical representations for the feature vector sequences for a particular sound unit so that a classifier for the entire sound unit used in the ASR system can be designed. Current ASR systems use Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to deal with temporal variability and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) for acoustic modeling. Recently machine learning paradigms have been explored for application in speech recognition domain. In this regard, Multi Layer Perception (MLP), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) etc. are extensively used. Artificial Neural Network (ANN)s are trained by back propagating the error derivatives and therefore have the potential to learn much better models of nonlinear data. Recently, Deep Neural Network (DNN)s with many hidden layer have been up voted by the researchers and have been accepted to be suitable for speech signal modeling. In this chapter various techniques and works on the ANN based acoustic modeling are described.
On large deviation probabilities for empirical distribution of branching random walks: Schröder case and Böttcher case

Given a super-critical branching random walk on $\mathbb{R}$ started from the origin, let $Z_n(\cdot)$ be the counting measure which counts the number of individuals at the $n$-th generation located in a given set. Under some mild conditions, it is known in \cite{B90} that for any interval $A\subset \mathbb{R}$, $\frac{Z_n(\sqrt{n}A)}{Z_n(\mathbb{R})}$ converges a.s. to $\nu(A)$, where $\nu$ is the standard Gaussian measure. In this work, we investigate the convergence rates of $$\mathbb{P}\left(\frac{Z_n(\sqrt{n}A)}{Z_n(\mathbb{R})}-\nu(A)>\Delta\right),$$ for $\Delta\in (0, 1-\nu(A))$, in both Schroder case and Bottcher case.
Magnetocaloric and Structural Studies of Substituted Tb0.2Dy0.8-xGdxCo0.9Al0.1 Laves Phases Alloys

The multicomponent Tb0.2Dy0. 8-xGdxCo2 and Tb0.2Dy0. 8-xGdxCo0.9Al0. 1 alloys (x≤0.5) were studied in a large temperature range (80 – 350 K) and fields up to 1.8 T. Temperature dependencies of lattices parameters, surface topology features, Curie temperature and magnetocaloric effect near it, of these polycrystalline cubic Laves phase alloys have been obtained and analyzed. The effect of Gd and Al substitution within the rare earth and cobalt sublattices on the structural and magnetocaloric properties of Tb0.2Dy0. 8Co2 has been discussed.
An Optimized Yarn-Level Geometric Model for FEA Simulation of Weft-Knitted Fabrics

Knitted fabrics are widely used in clothing and advanced textile devices because of their unique and programmable mechanical properties. In order to better understand and control these properties it is necessary to investigate the influence of yarn level interactions and stitch structure on the macroscropic behavior of the fabric via computational simulation, e.g. Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In this paper, we present a yarn-level model that produces geometric models suitable for FEA simulations of knitted fabrics. The geometric models of the yarns are produced via an optimization process. The centerlines of the yarns are defined as Catmull-Rom splines and their control points are modified during the optimization. The optimization is based on physical parameters such as interpenetration, contact, length of the yarn and bending energy. The results show that our approach produces valid yarn geometric models of knitted fabrics consisting of an arbitrary combination of knit and purl stitches, which can then be used for FEA simulations.
Cross domains Arabic named entity recognition system

Named Entity Recognition (NER) plays an important role in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as; Information Extraction (IE), Question Answering (QA), Text Clustering, Text Summarization and Word Sense Disambiguation. This paper presents the development and implementation of domain independent system to recognize three types of Arabic named entities. The system works based on a set of domain independent grammar-rules along with Arabic part of speech tagger in addition to gazetteers and lists of trigger words. The experimental results shown, that the system performed as good as other systems with better results in some cases of cross-domains corpora.
Molecular Dynamics approach for Fracture Simulation along a Weakly Bonded Interface

Opening mechanisms for fractures (joints) characterized by weak bonding (nano-micro scale cracks) in low-porosity rock play a key role in shale oil and shale gas development through staged hydraulic fracturing. We explore the cohesive interface strength of two weakly bonded slabs of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with nano-scale Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods, calibrated to experimental data and simulated by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The proper stress/strain state at the weakly bonded interface is determined because it is required for MD simulation. Then, we develop a representative PMMA structure as an input for LAMMPS© software to simulate a tensile strength test. Results including per-atom stress values and pressures in different components are extracted, and we note that the fracture location and its behavior deduced from MD simulations follows experimental results. The total force for this simulation is close to 80 × 106 N, and we can use this parameter to reflect the fracture behavior of the weakly bonded PMMA slabs with an acceptable accuracy, considering the levels of uncertainty.
THE SPIRAL WAVE INSTABILITY INDUCED BY A GIANT PLANET. I. PARTICLE STIRRING IN THE INNER REGIONS OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

We have recently shown that spiral density waves propagating in accretion disks can undergo a parametric instability by resonantly coupling with and transferring energy into pairs of inertial waves (or inertial-gravity waves when buoyancy is important). In this paper, we perform inviscid three-dimensional global hydrodynamic simulations to examine the growth and consequence of this instability operating on the spiral waves driven by a Jupiter-mass planet in a protoplanetary disk. We find that the spiral waves are destabilized via the spiral wave instability (SWI), generating hydrodynamic turbulence and sustained radially alternating vertical flows that appear to be associated with long wavelength inertial modes. In the interval , where Rp denotes the semimajor axis of the planetary orbit (assumed to be 5 au), the estimated vertical diffusion rate associated with the turbulence is characterized by . For the disk model considered here, the diffusion rate is such that particles with sizes up to several centimeters are vertically mixed within the first pressure scale height. This suggests that the instability of spiral waves launched by a giant planet can significantly disperse solid particles and trace chemical species from the midplane. In planet formation models where the continuous local production of chondrules/pebbles occurs over Myr timescales to provide a feedstock for pebble accretion onto these bodies, this stirring of solid particles may add a time constraint: planetary embryos and large asteroids have to form before a gas giant forms in the outer disk, otherwise the SWI will significantly decrease the chondrule/pebble accretion efficiency.
An Easy‐to‐Implement Toolkit to Create Versatile and High‐Performance HASEL Actuators for Untethered Soft Robots

For soft robots to have ubiquitous adoption in practical applications they require soft actuators that provide well‐rounded actuation performance that parallels natural muscle while being inexpensive and easily fabricated. This manuscript introduces a toolkit to rapidly prototype, manufacture, test, and power various designs of hydraulically amplified self‐healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators with muscle‐like performance that achieve all three basic modes of actuation (expansion, contraction, and rotation). This toolkit utilizes easy‐to‐implement methods, inexpensive fabrication tools, commodity materials, and off‐the‐shelf high‐voltage electronics thereby enabling a wide audience to explore HASEL technology. Remarkably, the actuators created from this easy‐to‐implement toolkit achieve linear strains exceeding 100%, a specific power greater than 150 W kg−1, and ≈20% strain at frequencies above 100 Hz. This combination of large strain, extreme speed, and high specific power yields soft actuators that jump without power‐amplifying mechanisms. Additionally, an efficient fabrication technique is introduced for modular designs of HASEL actuators, which is used to develop soft robotic devices driven by portable electronics. Inspired by the versatility of elephant trunks, the above capabilities are combined to create an untethered continuum robot for grasping and manipulating delicate objects, highlighting the wide potential of the introduced methods for soft robots with increasing sophistication.
Modelling and design of graphene-based THz devices

In recent years, terahertz (THz) frequency band has gained great interest of researchers in a number of fields due to attractive THz applications such as wireless communications, remote sensing and imaging. Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon material with extraordinary properties in the THz spectrum, has been considered as a promising candidate for novel THz devices to achieve these valuable applications. As related modelling methods are indispensable, this thesis summarises my PhD work on the development of novel numerical methods for graphene-based THz devices. In the THz spectrum, both electrostatic bias and magnetostatic bias can change the conductivity of graphene. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modelling based on auxiliary element method is proposed for the tunable linear responses of graphene. Moreover, graphene has nonlinear responses under strong THz radiation. A novel FDTD method, which is based on a J −E characteristic formula, is proposed for modelling the nonlinear electrodynamic responses of graphene in the THz spectrum. FDTD results of linear responses are in agreement with theoretical and measurement results in the published literature. Nonlinear FDTD results successfully demonstrate nonlinear phenomena including odd-harmonic generations and frequency-mixing effects. The proposed FDTD modelling methods can be used as full-wave design tools for graphene-based devices. In addition, the FDTD modelling methods are utilised in the design of electrically tunable graphene-based reflectarray antennas and magnetically tunable graphene-based reflectors. Regarding the tunable reflectors, their performance has been experimentally explored and discussed. In addition, a modified equivalent circuit modelling is developed to extract the parameters of graphene from measurement data.