Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow reversals as a driver of ecosystem transition in Florida’s springs

The springs of northern Florida have degraded dramatically over recent decades, and filamentous algal mats have replaced submersed macrophytes. The unique temporal stability of these spring ecosystems has prompted narratives about the mechanisms of change in which authors focused entirely on press disturbances, such as NO3− enrichment and flow reduction. We tested the hypothesis that pulse disturbances, in the form of episodic flow reversals, are a key component of spring degradation. During flow reversals, acidic floodwaters rich in dissolved organic C (DOC) from adjacent blackwater rivers dramatically alter the light environment, and DOC respiration depletes dissolved O2 (DO), thereby creating a trophic cascade wherein negative effects on algae consumers enable algal proliferation. Synthesis of river and aquifer stages from springs in the Suwannee River basin indicates that reversal events have become more frequent with time in response to aquifer declines attributed to climate variability and groundwater pumping. This increase in frequency and duration of flow reversal is remarkably concurrent with the emergence of nuisance algal mats. Furthermore, re-analysis of existing algal abundance data suggests that potential for flow reversal is a significant predictor, but only when conditioned on spring DO concentrations. In low-DO springs, algal cover is always high, and reversals have little effect. However, in high-DO springs, algal cover is low except where reversals are likely. Our results suggest that despite remarkable temporal stability, episodic flow reversals may play a key role in regulating the ecosystem state. Focusing on these pulse events may be critical to spring protection and restoration.
Studies oftheArticular Cartilage Proteoglycan AggrecaninHealth andOsteoarthritis Evidence forMolecular Heterogeneity andExtensive Molecular ChangesinDisease

Changes inthestructure oftheproteoglycan aggrecan (PG)of articular cartilage weredetermined immunochemically byRIA andgelchromatography andrelated tocartilage degeneration documented histologically bytheMankingrading system. Monoclonal antibodies toglycosaminoglycan epitopes were used. Inall cartilages, three chondroitin sulfate (CS)-rich populations oflarge size wereobserved inaddition toasmaller keratansulfate (KS)-rich population. Ingrades 7-13OAcartilages (phase II), molecules weresignificantly larger thantheequivalent molecules ofgrades 2-6(phase I). CSchain lengths remained unchanged. InmostOA cartilages, aCSepitope 846 waselevated incontent, this being mostmarked inphase II (mean: fivefold). Lossofuronic acid, KS,andhyaluronic acid wereonlypronounced inphase IIOA because ofvariations in normal contents. Aggregation ofPGwasunchanged (50-60%) orreduced inOAcartilages, butmolecules bearing epitope 846 exhibited almost complete aggregation innormal cartilages. This study provides evidence forthecapacity ofOAcartilage to synthesize newaggrecan molecules toreplace those damaged andlost bydisease-related changes. Italso defines twophases ofPGchange inOA:anearly predominantly degenerate phase Ifollowed byanetreparative phase IIaccompanied bynetloss . of these molecules. (J.Clin. Invest. 1992. 90:2268-2277.) Key words: cartilage - proteoglycan* osteoarthritis *aggrecan *immunochemistry
Detection the Difference in Growth of Equine Herpesvirus-1 and 4 in Vitro By Using Microscopic Examinations and Flowcytometric Analysis

Equine herpesvirus - 1 (EHV-1) and Equine herpesvirus - 4 (EHV-4) are endemic in horse over the entire world, in the study we compared between the replication of EHV-1 and 4 in an equine-derived cell line (FHK-Tcl3.1) by using microscopic examination and flowcytometric analysis. The result of EHV-1 showed that the CPE effect in the FHK-Tcl3.1 cells appeared after 24 hr from infection, but in case of EHV-4 cytopathic effect (CPE) appeared after 48 hr from infection. The flowcytometric analysis result for detection the percent of infected cells by both viruses, were (19.7 %) after four days from infection in EHV-4, compared to EHV-1 (50.3%), which the cells harvest in the second day from infection. These data suggested that the difference in cellular entry might be playing the decisive role in determining pathogenicity of EHV- 1 and EHV-4.
UTJECAJ DODATKA POLIZYMA U HRANI NA RAST ŠARANSKOG MLAĐA (Cyprinus carpio)

U radu je istraen utjecaj multienzimskog preparata na u~inkovitost hranidbe {aranskog mla|a pojedina~ne mase 45,3 do 52,6 grama. Polizym je stabilizirana smjesa amilaze, proteaze, betaglukanaze, betaglukozidaze i celulaze. Pokus je proveden s tri razli~ite razine Polizyma u hrani i u triplikatu. U svaki od 12 kaveza iskoristive zapremnine 1 m nasa|eno je po 100 jedinki {aranskog mla|a u prvoj godini ivota. Svi su kavezi bili smje{teni u jedan zimnjak povr{ine 600 m. Otvor mrenih oka na kavezima bio je 20 mm. [aranski je mla| u kontrolnoj skupini hranjen peletiranom hranom s 36% bjelan~evina bez dodatka Polizyma. U ostalim trima pokusnim skupinama, uz istu razinu proteina, {aranski je mla| u hrani dobivao Polizym u koli~ini 0,5 g, 1,0 g i 1,5 g po 1 kg hrane. Statisti~ki je utvr|eno da je dodatak Polizyma u koli~ini od 1,5 g/kg hrane znatno utjecao na dnevni i ukupni prirast te na hranidbeni koeficijent u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom koja je dobivala hranu bez Polizyma. Na kraju pokusa obavljena je kemijska analiza mesa {aranskog mla|a. U pokusnoj skupini, u kojoj je {aranski mla| u hrani dobivao 0,15% Polizyma, utvr|ena je vi{a koli~ina bjelan~evina i nia razina vode. Klju~ne rije~i: hranidba, Polizym, {aranski mla|, rast
Efficacité des huiles essentielles de trois plantes aromatiques contre la mycoflore d’altération du niébé ( Vigna unguiculata L., Walp) collecté dans les magasins de vente du Sud-Bénin

Objectif : La presente etude vise a evaluer l’activite antimicrobienne des huiles essentielles extraites des feuilles fraiches de Cymbopogon citratus (L.), de Cymbopogon nardus (L.), et de Eucalyptus saligna (S.), sur les moisissures isolees des stocks de niebe de quelques magasins de vente du sud-Benin. Methodologie et Resultats : Pour ce faire, un echantillonnage a ete realise dans les grands magasins de stockage du niebe situes dans les marches de Ouando (Porto-Novo) et de Dantokpa (Cotonou) suivi de la recherche et l’isolement de la mycoflore d’alteration. Des tests antifongiques ont ete realises avec les huiles essentielles de Cymbopogon citratus (L.), Cymbopogon nardus (L.), et de Eucalyptus saligna (S.), afin d’evaluer leur potentiel antifongique. Des resultats obtenus, il ressort que les souches fongiques isolees des echantillons de niebe sont essentiellement Aspergillus flavus (L.), Aspergillus tamarii (K.) et Penicillium roqueforti (T.). Les tests antifongiques ont permis de demontrer l’activite des huiles essentielles testees contre la flore fongique contaminant le niebe, avec des concentrations minimales d’inhibition (CMI) dependantes du type fongique et de la dose d’huile essentielle testee. Les fortes activites antifongiques sont obtenues avec les huiles essentielles de Cymbopogon citratus (L.) et de Cymbopogon nardus (L.) avec des CMI comprises entre de 0,05 et 1Al/ml. Conclusion : Le potentiel antifongique de ces plantes offre donc une approche novatrice dans la gestion integree des stocks de niebe au Sud du Benin. Mots cles : niebe, moisissures, huiles essentielles, activite antifongique.
Studies on Epidemic Control in Structured Populations with Applications to Influenza

The 2009-10 influenza and the 2014-15 Ebola pandemics brought once again urgency to an old question: What are the limits on prediction and what can be proposed that is useful in the face of an epidemic outbreak? This thesis looks first at the impact that limited access to vaccine stockpiles may have on a single influenza outbreak. The purpose is to highlight the challenges faced by populations embedded in inadequate health systems and to identify and assess ways of ameliorating the impact of resource limitations on public health policy. Age-specific per capita constraint rates play an important role on the dynamics of communicable diseases and, influenza is, of course, no exception. Yet the challenges associated with estimating age-specific contact rates have not been decisively met. And so, this thesis attempts to connect contact theory with age-specific contact data in the context of influenza outbreaks in practical ways. In mathematical epidemiology, proportionate mixing is used as the preferred theoretical mixing structure and so, the frame of discussion of this dissertation follows this specific theoretical framework. The questions that drive this dissertation, in the context of influenza dynamics, proportionate mixing, and control, are: I. What is the role of age-aggregation on the dynamics of a single outbreak? Or simply speaking, does the number and length of the age-classes used to model a population make a significant difference on quantitative predictions? II. What would the age-specific optimal influenza vaccination policies be? Or, what are the age-specific vaccination policies needed to control an outbreak in the presence of limited or unlimited vaccine stockpiles?
Análisis de la expresión génica diferencial de células eritroleucémicas resistentes a la diferenciación: relevancia de las proteínas del citoesqueleto de actina

Las celulas eritroleucemicas Friend (MEL) derivan de eritroblastostransformados con el SFFV (Spleen Focus Forming Virus) (Friend et al. 1966)integrado corriente arriba del locus PU.1 (Fernandez-Nestosa et al. 2013). Estascelulas permanecen en estado proliferativo y no se diferencian en presencia deeritropoyetina. Las celulas MEL-DS19 pueden superar el bloqueo y reiniciar elprograma de diferenciacion celular cuando se exponen a compuestos quimicoscomo el hexametilen-bis-acetamida (HMBA). Esta caracteristica hace de las celulasMEL-DS19 un excelente modelo de estudio de la reprogramacion de un tumor haciaun fenotipo normal. En un trabajo previo se establecio una linea celular derivada dela misma, MEL-R, que muestra resistencia a la diferenciacion incluso en presenciadel agente inductor (Fernandez-Nestosa et al. 2008). La red de filamentos de actina proporciona soporte mecanico alcitoesqueleto. Se reconoce ademas, que contribuye a otros procesos celularescriticos. En los ultimos anos aumentan las evidencias que indican que elcitoesqueleto de actina participa en el control y regulacion de rutas de senalizacion(Mattila et al. 2016). En este sentido, cambios en la regulacion del citoesqueleto deactina podrian inducir un bloqueo del programa de diferenciacion celular.
Disturbances of the Wnt signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that interactions between genetic and environmental events occurring during the critical early period of brain development may negatively influence neuronal growth, lamination and orientation, resulting in cytoarchitectural defects. The Wnt signalling pathway is essential for normal embryonic development of the central nervous system. Disturbances of Wnt signalling have been thought to be involved in producing the cytoarchitectural defects observed in schizophrenia. This article reviews current data on the alteration in the Wnt transduction cascade, which may represent an aberrant neurodevelopment in schizophrenia. Firstly, the canonical Wnt signalling cascade is described. Secondly, recently published studies on the potential role of the Wnt pathway in schizophrenia pathology are reviewed. Finally, the results of the latest experimental studies on the influence of antipsychotics on the main protein of the Wnt pathway are outlined.
Is thermal plasticity itself shaped by natural selection? An assessment with desert frogs

A recommendation of: Leonardo Bacigalupe, Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia, Aura M Barria, Avia Gonzalez-Mendez, Manuel Ruiz-Aravena, Mark Trinder, Barry Sinervo Natural selection on plasticity of thermal traits in a highly seasonal environment 10.1101/191825
Struktur anatomi dan aktivitas antioksidan bulbus bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) dari daerah Kalimantan Selatan

The aim of this research were to study the characterization of the microscopic anatomy and testing the antioxidant activity of bawang dayak bulb from several regions in South Kalimantan. Bawang dayak plant samples taken from four (4) regency in South Kalimantan. Bulb anatomical structure was observed by the paraffi n method and test preparations of antioxidant activity by DPPH method. IC50 values were calculated based on the formula of the regression equation.The bulb anatomical structures has a epidermis tissue of both surfaces, there is parenchymal tissue. Transport tissue were located in rows with collateral type, there are starch grains in parenchyma cells, and the presence of stiloid crystals between cells parenkim. Extract ethanol bawang dayak bulb from the four districts in South Kalimantan has antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals. The highest antioxidant activity showed on the sample from location1 Comets Village Banjarbaru Municipality (IC50 = 25.3339 μg/ml) and the lowest showed on the sample from location 2 Sungai Paring Village Banjar District (IC50 = 86.9039 μg/ml). Antioxidant activity of bawang dayak extract 4.5 to 15 times weaker compared to BHT (BHT IC50 = 5.5707 μg/ml).
Seasonal variation of mitochondria activity related and heat shock protein genes in spermatozoa of Karan Fries bulls in tropical climate

Abstract The study was conducted the seasonal effect on mitochondria activity-related genes [Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Citrate synthase (CS) and mitochondrial transcription factor-A (TFAM)] and heat shock protein (HSP) genes in spermatozoa of Karan Fries (Tharparkar X Holstein Friesian) bulls. Five (n = 5) adult healthy bulls were selected from Artificial Breeding Research Centre of National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Thirty (30) ejaculates were collected during summer and winter using artificial vagina (42–45 °C). The ambient temperature, relative humidity, dry and wet bulb temperatures were recorded during the study. Total RNA was isolated by Trizol method. The mRNA expression of SDH, CS and TFAM was lower during summer compared to winter season. The expression of HSP70.1, HSP70.2, HSP90 and HSP105 was higher (p < 0.05) during summer than winter season. However, the expression of HSP70.8 was non-significantly higher during summer season. The physical analysis of semen (volume, motility, live spermatozoa, hypo-osmotic swelling test, concentration, acrosome integrity, total sperm out, major abnormalities) was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the summer season. The antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and total antioxidant capacity) and malondialdehyde (product of lipid peroxidation) concentration were estimated higher (p < 0.05) during the summer season than winter. The semen quality of Karan Fries bulls is affected considerably during summer season in tropical climatic conditions.
Molecular interactions between adenoviral RNAs and the cellular RNA interference machinery

Adenovirale Infektionen in immunsupprimierten Patienten stehen im Zusammenhang mit einer hohen Anzahl an lebensbedrohlichen Komplikationen. Insbesondere nach hamatopoetischen Stammzelltransplantation konnen disseminierte Infektionen fatale Folgen haben und sind mit einer Mortalitatsrate von bis zu 80% assoziiert (1-5). Derzeit verfugbare Medikamente wie etwa Nukleosid- oder Nukleotidanaloga zeigen nur beschrankte Wirksamkeit gegen Adenovirusinfektionen oder fuhren zu schwerwiegenden Nebeneffekten (6). Deshalb ist es notwendig, alternative Angriffspunkte fur eine therapeutische Intervention zu identifizieren, um die Behandlungsmoglichkeiten solcher Infektionen zu verbessern. Dabei konnte ein grundlegendes Verstandnis des Wechselspiels zwischen einem Virus und seiner Wirtszelle zur Entwicklung neuer anti-adenoviraler Behandlungsstrategien beitragen. Es wurde gezeigt, dass Adenovirus mit der zellularen RNA-Interferenz (RNAi)-Maschinerie interagiert. Dies erfolgt uber die Expression von kleinen virus-assoziierten (VA) RNAs. Diese RNAs werden zu miRNA-ahnlichen Subfragmenten (mivaRNAs) prozessiert, welche die Schlusselenzyme der RNAi – Exportin 5, Dicer und den RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) – sattigen (7, 8). Es wird angenommen, dass mivaRNAs die Genexpression ihrer Wirtszelle beeinflussen konnen, indem sie an zellulare mRNAs binden (9). In dieser Studie wurden verschiedene Aspekte dieser molekularen Interaktionen untersucht. Um moglichen Ziel-mRNAs von mivaRNAs zu identifizieren wurde eine Immunprazipitationsmethode angewandt. Dabei wurden Zellen mit mivaRNAs transfiziert und anschliesend RISC Komplexe, sowie darin vorhandene miRNAs und deren Ziel-mRNAs biochemisch isoliert. Anschliesend erfolgte eine kombinierte Microarray- und Bioinformatik-Analyse der potenziellen Ziel-mRNAs. Diese ergab ein Set an Genen, welche in verschiedenen biologischen Funktionen wie Signaltransduktion, Metabolismus und Immunantwort eine Rolle spielen. Man kann vermuten, dass ein Targeting dieser Gene durch mivaRNAs von besonderer Wichtigkeit fur die erfolgreiche Etablierung einer lytischen Virusinfektion ist, oder dazu dienen kann sich wahrend einer latenten Infektion vor dem Wirt zu verbergen. Des Weiteren wird vermutet, dass mivaRNAs als Schutzmechanismus fur virale mRNAs fungieren (7). Die RISC-Immunprazipitationsmethode wurde dazu verwendet, die Anreicherung viraler mRNAs in der An- oder Abwesenheit der mivaRNAs zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde eine Virus-Mutante verwendet, welche die VA-RNAs nicht exprimieren kann. Wenn die Mutante anstelle des Wildtyp Virus fur die Infektion von A549 Zellen verwendet wurde konnte gezeigt werden, dass bestimmte adenovirale Transkripte in RISC angereichert sind. Diese Beobachtung untermauert die fur mivaRNAs vorgeschlagene Funktion als Mediatoren eines molekularen Schutzmechanismus gegen zellulare RNAi.
Muscle LIM protein and Nesprin-1 in Mechanotransduction

I studied three striated muscle proteins that are participating in two different pathways of mechanotransduction, which is the translation of a physical stimulus into a biochemical signal.When isolated cardiomyocytes are stretched in 2D, MLP shuttles to the nucleus. Without shuttling MLP, these cells fail to respond to the stretch stimulus. Human patients with MLP-mutations develop cardiomyopathies, as well as mice with a knock-out of MLP (MLP-/-). By expressing mutated MLP in neonatal cardiomyocytes of MLP-/- mice, I wanted to elucidate the role of mutant MLP. Surprisingly, MLP did shuttle after stretching of 2D but not 3D cell cultures. Although I could not solve this issue, I prepared the setup for subsequent experiments.Nesprins are part of the nuclear envelope (NE) spanning LINC complex, which connects the cytoskeleton with the nucleus. Myoblasts from patients with mutations in Nesprins or LINC-associated Lamins displayed deformed nuclei and had defects in mechanosensitive responses with an elevated level of stress fibers and focal adhesions on soft surfaces. This phenotype could be rescued by knock-down of formin FHOD1, a downstream target of ROCK and SRC, which also were highly active in the mutant cells. While mutations in Nesprins and Lamins are thought to lead to mechanical instability of the NE, these results indicate that signaling pathways through the NE are disturbed as well.
Resistance Genotyping Profile of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBLs)-, AmpC Beta-Lactamase (ESBL/AmpC) and Carbapenemase (ESBL/Carbapenemase)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical, Food and Environmental Lake Water in Bangladesh

The purpose of this current study was molecular typing of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) encoded by ESBLs genes of 56 Escherichia coli isolated from environment lake water (n=15), food samples (n=20) and from clinical specimens (n=21). The prevalence of CTX-M type ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was 76.5% (39 of 51 Escherichia coli) in contrast 5 Escherichia coli were found as non ESBL by molecular method. Most prevalent ESBLs type was ESBL Ditype containing both blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes (43.13%, 22/51 ESBL Escherichia coli), in addition blaVEB found negative. 1 ESBL Escherichia coli from Environment lake water and 2 ESBL Escherichia coli from clinical sample harbored blaSHV gene as ESBL Tritype (contained TEM, CTX-M and SHV type ESBL) rather ESBL Monotype (only SHV type ESBL) or ESBL Ditype (SHV type and CTX-M or TEM type ESBL). Prevalence of Plasmidic AmpC was more in ESBL Escherichia coli isolated from Food (45.5%, 5/11 ESBL Escherichia coli) than Environment lake water and clinical specimens. Plasmidic AmpC were DHA type, CMY-2 was found negative. blaOXA ESBLs gene as (ESBLM-D) ESBL miscellaneous D-type was confirmed in 6 ESBL Escherichia coli lacking carbepenemase activity, 2 from Environment lake water and 4 from clinical samples, indeed blaNDM was not found. Chromosomal mediated constitutive cefoxitin resistant ESBL Escherichia coli (n=15) and also plasmidic AmpC harboring ESBL Escherichia coli (n=9) showed resistance to Cefoxitin (Amoxy-cephalosphorin) confirmed by AmpC disk test. 100% resistance encountered against Ampcillin, Cloxacillin and Erythromycin and most sensitive to imipenam except 3 clinical ESBL Escherichia coli. Almost all Escherichia coli showed resistance against cephalosporin group antibiotics more precisely against third generation cephalosporin group antibiotics (e.g. Ceftazidime and Ceftrioxone). Furthermore, ESBL genotyping revealed that Escherichia coli strains producing multiple β-lactamases and co-resistance may be a common phenomenon in Bangladesh.
Nanoemulsi berasaskan olein sawit sebagai pembawa vitamin E

Aging process makes our skin getting thinner and drier. Antioxidant based on nanoemulsion system is favourable because of its effectiveness. This study was conducted to develop nanoemulsion system based on palm olein as a carrier of vitamin E and the physicochemical behaviours of the system were studied. Palm olein as oil phase, polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether (Brij 30) was used as a surfactant and vitamin E as an anti-aging agent. The mixtures of Brij 30 and palm olein at certain ratios were thoroughly mixed and titrated with 5 – 95% wt. of water and homogenized by using homogenizer. The Palm olein/Brij 30/Water mixtures that produced a clear solution and no birefringence after observation under polarized light microscopy are labelled as nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion region was shown in ternary phase diagram. Based on the ternary diagram, these systems were formed at oil: surfactant (O/S) ratio 4:6, 5:5 and 6:4 and 20 – 50% wt of water. These systems were then characterized for stability test, particle size, electrical conductivity, viscosity and pH. Stability test was done at three temperatures, which were 4, 25 and 40 °C for one month and four cycles of freeze-thaw at storage temperature for 12 hours at each temperature. The systems were stable and no phase separation was observed. Particle size analysis showed that most systems have a particle size within the range of nanoemulsion (20 – 500 nm). Electrical conductivity tests showed that water-in-oil system formed at low water percentage (20 – 30% wt. of water) and bicontinuous at a higher percentage (30 – 50% wt. of water). Viscosity of both systems vitamin E-loaded and unloaded is very low. All systems have a pH value in a range of 6 – 7, which are suitable to be applied to human skin. Based on the physical characteristics of the system, it shows high potential as a vitamin E carrier.