Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Communication in Context of Molecular Communication and Terahertz Communication for Body-Centric Nanonetworks

With the huge advancement of nanotechnology over the past years, the devices are shrinking into micro-scale, even nano-scale. Additionally, the Internet of nano-things (IoNTs) are generally regarded as the ultimate formation of the current sensor networks and the development of nanonetworks would be of great help to its fulfilment, which would be ubiquitous with numerous applications in all domains of life. However, the communication between the devices in such nanonetworks is still an open problem. Body-centric nanonetworks are believed to play an essential role in the practical application of IoNTs. BCNNs are also considered as domain specific like wireless sensor networks and always deployed on purpose to support a particular application. In these networks, electromagnetic and molecular communications are widely considered as two main promising paradigms and both follow their own development process. In this survey, the recent developments of these two paradigms are first illustrated in the aspects of applications, network structures, modulation techniques, coding techniques and security to then investigate the potential of hybrid communication paradigms. Meanwhile, the enabling technologies have been presented to apprehend the state-of-art with the discussion on the possibility of the hybrid technologies. Additionally, the inter-connectivity of electromagnetic and molecular body-centric nanonetworks is discussed. Afterwards, the related security issues of the proposed networks are discussed. Finally, the challenges and open research directions are presented.
A Lizard Population on Tinian

THE abundant geckos in the vicinity of an army encampment on Tinian, an island of the Mariana Group, were studied during the period March to July, 1945. My objective was to accumulate data on the life cycles, to determine the approximate population of selected areas, and the extent of individual range. Opportunity for field study was limited but fragmentary information was secured on each of these topics. Three species of geckos collected and designated as Forms A, B, and C were subsequently identified at the Chicago Museum of Natural History as Lepidodactylus lugubris (Dumeril and Bibron), Hemidactylus garnotii Dumeril and Bibron, and Peropus mutilatus (Wiegmann). Hemidactylus, the most abundant form, was studied by marking.
Differences in the clinical practice of small animal CPR before and after the release of the RECOVER guidelines: Results from two electronic surveys (2008 and 2017) in the United States and Canada.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether the clinical approach to CPR has changed following the publication of the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) guidelines in 2012. DESIGN Internet-based survey. SETTING Academia and referral practice. SUBJECTS Four hundred and ninety-one small animal veterinarians in clinical practice in the United States and Canada. INTERVENTIONS An internet-based survey assessing the clinical approach to small animal CPR was circulated with the assistance of veterinary professional organizations on 2 separate occasions: prior to (2008) and following (2017) publication of the 2012 (RECOVER) guidelines. Survey questions identical to both surveys solicited details of clinician approaches to CPR preparedness, basic life support (BLS), and advanced life support (ALS). Respondents were grouped into level of expertise (board-certified specialists [BCS, n = 202] and general practitioners in emergency clinics [GPE, n = 289]), and year of response to the survey (2008, n = 171; 2017, n = 320). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compliance with the RECOVER guidelines pertaining to CPR preparedness (P < 0.01), BLS (P < 0.01), and ALS P < 0.01) was consistently higher in respondents to the 2017 survey compared to those of the 2008 survey. Being a BCS was associated with significantly higher compliance with the RECOVER recommendations than GPE in the domains of preparedness (P = 0.02), BLS (P < 0.01), and ALS (P < 0.01). Increases in age of the respondent had a negative effect on compliance with the BLS guidelines (P < 0.01), while gender had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Compared to 2008, current practices in small animal CPR in the North American emergency and critical care community shifted toward those recommended in the RECOVER guidelines across all CPR domains. This supports the notion that uptake of the RECOVER guidelines among veterinary emergency or critical care clinicians was sufficient to lead to a change in the practice of CPR.
A Comprehensive Failure Analysis and A Study on Reliability for BGA Solder Joints Crack of DDR Modules

nowadays, Double Data Rate (DDR) modules are generally applied in the electronic products. In this paper, the key failure modes for solder joints of DDR module are introduced. For many kinds of finishes, the typical intermetallic compounds (IMCs) found in solder joints are Cu6Sn5, and IMCs like Cu-Ni-Sn are formed at Ni surfaces. With the typical BGA structure, there are 8 possible failure locations where the fracture would occur when the complex external conditions apply to the solder joints. We study the mechanisms explaining how and why the failures happen during the productions’ design, manufacture and application. In order to prevent these failure modes, four reliability test methods of solder joints are suggested which based on the characteristics of solder joints. Consider the cost of the reliability test, we use our presented equivalent anisotropic thermal-structure coupling model to simulate the stress of solder joints. The equivalent model is calculated based on equivalent inclusion method and the uniform distribution method, and the model not only considers the physical parameters and the material properties of the DDR memory, but also considers the thermal coupling. By using the reliability test method and the thermal-structure coupling model in combination, the solder joints reliability of Double Data Rate memory modules can be optimized in the design stage.
The Rab11 effectors Fip5 and Fip1 regulate zebrafish intestinal development

ABSTRACT The Rab11 apical recycling endosome pathway is a well-established regulator of polarity and lumen formation; however, Rab11-vesicular trafficking also directs a diverse array of other cellular processes, raising the question of how Rab11 vesicles achieve specificity in space, time and content of cargo delivery. In part, this specificity is achieved through effector proteins, yet the role of Rab11 effector proteins in vivo remains vague. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to study the role of the Rab11 effector Fip5 during zebrafish intestinal development. Zebrafish contain two paralogous genes, fip5a and fip5b, that are orthologs of human FIP5. We find that fip5a- and fip5b-mutant fish show phenotypes characteristic of microvillus inclusion disease, including microvilli defects and lysosomal accumulation. Single and double mutant analyses suggest that fip5a and fip5b function in parallel and regulate trafficking pathways required for assembly of keratin at the terminal web. Remarkably, in some genetic backgrounds, the absence of Fip5 triggers protein upregulation of a closely related family member, Fip1. This compensation mechanism occurs both during zebrafish intestinal development and in tissue culture models of lumenogenesis. In conclusion, our data implicate the Rab11 effectors Fip5 and Fip1 in a trafficking pathway required for apical microvilli formation. Summary: The Rab11 effectors fip5a and fip5b function in parallel to regulate apical trafficking and microvilli establishment during zebrafish intestinal development. Moreover, cells upregulate Fip1 to compensate for loss of Fip5.
Message-Passing Based Communication via Synchronous Execution (Channels)

Runtime Verification (RV) is the discipline that allows monitoring systems at runtime in order to check the satisfaction or violation of a given correctness property. Parallel systems are more complicated than sequential systems. Therefore, systems that run in parallel need a parallel runtime verification framework to monitor their behaviour and guarantee correctness properties. Parallel systems have correctness properties different from correctness properties of sequential systems. For instance, as a correctness property of parallel systems, absence of deadlock has to be guaranteed and mutual exclusion mechanism has to be applied in case a resource is shared between more than one system and the parallelism form is true concurrency. Therefore, sequential runtime verification framework can not handle systems that run in parallel due to the singularity issue of this kind of framework as they are built to handle a single system at a time, whereas for parallel systems a framework has to handle many systems at a time. In this paper, I propose a Parallel Runtime Verification Framework (PRVF) that can handle systems which use message-passing based communication via synchronous execution mode. The proposed model can check system behaviour at runtime in order to either guarantee satisfaction or detect violations of correctness properties. My technique is based on Interval Temporal Logic (ITL).
Mitigating Pillar-to-Pillar Variability of Ground Select Transistor in 3-D NAND Flash Memory

The threshold voltage variability of the select transistors is an important issue in the development of 3-D NAND flash memory. Particularly, pillar-to-pillar variations in threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the ground select transistor (GST) are critical across the wafer. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation is attributed to the nonuniformity in the plug height of the epitaxially grown silicon layers in different pillars. In this article, we propose different techniques to achieve performance uniformity in different strings across the wafer in terms of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> distribution of GST. We show that by optimizing the channel doping and gate metal work function (WF) of the GST, the NAND string <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nonuniformity can be eliminated. It is also shown that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variability can be further minimized by optimizing GST gate length. Further, we present a two-MOSFET model for the pillar-to-pillar <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {T}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variation across the wafer. This study provides important results for designing 3-D NAND memories with higher performance uniformity for the pillar-to-pillar variations in strings across the wafer.
Real-Time Intrusion Detection in Wireless Network: A Deep Learning-Based Intelligent Mechanism

With the development of the wireless network techniques, the number of cyber-attack increases significantly, which has seriously threat the security of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The traditional intrusion detection technology is a prevalent area of study for numerous years, but it may not have a good detection performance in a real-time way. Therefore, it is urgent to design a detection mechanism to detect the attacks timely. In this paper, we exploit a CDBN (Conditional Deep Belief Network)-based intrusion detection mechanism to recognize the attack features and perform the wireless network intrusion detection in real time. To avoid the impact of the imbalanced dataset and the data redundancy on the detection accuracy, a window-based instance selection algorithm “SamSelect” is adopted to undersample the majority class data samples, and a Stacked Contractive Auto-Encoder (SCAE) algorithm is proposed to reduce the dimension of the data samples. By doing so, our proposed mechanism can effectively detect the potential attack and achieve high accuracy. The experiment results show that CDBN can be effectively combined with “SamSelect” and SCAE, and the proposed mechanism has a high detection speed and accuracy, with the average detection time 1.14 ms and the detection accuracy 0.974.
A 4-GHz Sub-Harmonically Injection-Locked Phase-Locked Loop With Self-Calibrated Injection Timing and Pulsewidth

A 4-GHz sub-harmonically injection-locked phase-locked loop (ILPLL) with on-chip calibration is presented. The injection timing and pulsewidth of the injected pulse are self-calibrated to achieve low phase noise. The phase noise of the proposed ILPLL was −112.3 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset frequency, whereas that of the conventional PLL was −104.8 dBc/Hz. The measured integrated jitter from 10 kHz to 30 MHz was 710 fs, and the corresponding reference spur level was −61.6 dBc with the proposed calibration technique. Fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS process, the proposed ILPLL occupies 0.09 mm2. Operating at 4 GHz, it consumes 11.4 mW from a 1.0-V power supply.
A Compact Microstrip T-Shaped Resonator Band Pass Filter for 5G Applications

In this paper, we introduce a compact wideband microstrip band pass filter for 3.5GHz, with excellent performance for the next generation mobile standards “5G”. The frequency band also includes the frequencies of the WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and WLAN (wireless local area network) applications. The proposed band pass filter is based on a rectangular T-Shaped resonator. Their dimensions are equal to 9×5mm2. The proposed compact microstrip band pass filter has been designed by software CST Microwave Studio using FR4 substrate having relative permittivity (εr) of 4.3. This filter has a center frequency of 4,75GHz and 3dB bandwidth from 3 to 6GHz, an insertion loss low than 1dB, a return loss better than 30dB and also a fractional bandwidth more than 70%. This results are in good agreement with those accomplished by Advanced Design System “ADS”.
Growth, survival and pathogenicity of enteric campylobacters

Campylobacter is the major cause of bacterial diarrhoea in many populations world-wide. It is primarily food-borne on account of its widespread commensalism and specific adaptation to the gastrointestinal tracts of domestic animals. The reasons for its unique ability to cause disease in humans are not understood. The determinants implicated in facilitating intestinal colonization and virulence are becoming clearer and probably include flagella, motility, mucosal adhesion and invasion, and possibly specific toxins. It is probable, however, that other virulence determinants have yet to be discovered, as witnessed by the recent discovery of fimbriae. The lack of in-vivo models which reproduce human symptoms has made it difficult to distinguish between virulence and colonization determinants. The wide spectrum of human symptoms, however, suggests that there are different pathovars of the organism, as is seen with Escherichia coli, but it is also clear that host responses play a part in determining disease severity. Equally important are the organism's ‘survival determinants' governing persistence in reservoirs outside its hosts. These will determine the ability of particular strains to perpetuate animal colonization and then go on to cause disease. More effort is required to identify unambiguously the major virulence, colonization and survival determinants so as to be able to improve the identification and control of those strains which express them preferentially.
Non-Linear Companding Techniques in Universal Filtered Multi Carrier-SLM with OFDM

To reduce the general signal to noise ratio (SNR), the overall performance of the multi service system and reduce the PAPR (peak to average power ratio) in UFMC the usage of MIMO (multi enter and multi output) SLM technique. SLM technique is a selective level mapping in distortion much less method that is used to reduce the PAPR efficiency without growth the manner requirement and growing facts fee loss. By using an UFMC technique, a dynamic spectrum provides an less interference. This technique has better PAPR reduction performance. In existing system, there is a two technique used to reduce PAPR that is pre-coding technique and NLCT (Non-Linear Companding Technique) but in 5G it is not effective to reduce the distortion. So we move on to the UFMC(Universal Filtered Multi Carrier) using SLM technique. Simulation output shows a better variety than the proposed OFDM technique with the designed parameter like FFT size, filter lengthand bits. Various techniques are compared with this technique and showa best performance analyzed using MATLAB.
Impact of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer on ethnic health inequities in New Zealand: a cost-effectiveness analysis

Objective There are large inequities in the lung cancer burden for the Indigenous Māori population of New Zealand. We model the potential lifetime health gains, equity impacts and cost-effectiveness of a national low-dose CT (LDCT) screening programme for lung cancer in smokers aged 55–74 years with a 30 pack-year history, and for formers smokers who have quit within the last 15 years. Design A Markov macrosimulation model estimated: health benefits (health-adjusted life-years (HALYs)), costs and cost-effectiveness of biennial LDCT screening. Input parameters came from literature and NZ-linked health datasets. Setting New Zealand. Participants Population aged 55–74 years in 2011. Interventions Biennial LDCT screening for lung cancer compared with usual care. Outcome measures Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated using the average difference in costs and HALYs between the screened and the unscreened populations. Equity analyses included substituting non-Māori values for Māori values of background morbidity, mortality and stage-specific survival. Changes in inequities in lung cancer survival and ‘health-adjusted life expectancy’ (HALE) were measured. Results LDCT screening in NZ is likely to be cost-effective for the total population: NZ$34 400 per HALY gained (95% uncertainty interval NZ$27 500 to NZ$42 900) and for Māori separately (using a threshold of gross domestic product per capita NZ$45 000). Health gains per capita for Māori females were twice that for non-Māori females and 25% greater for Māori males compared with non-Māori males. LDCT screening will narrow absolute inequities in HALE and lung cancer mortality for Māori, but will slightly increase relative inequities in mortality from lung cancer (compared with non-Māori) due to differential stage-specific survival. Conclusion A national biennial LDCT lung cancer screening programme in New Zealand is likely to be cost-effective, will improve total population health and reduce health inequities for Māori. Attention must be paid to addressing ethnic inequities in stage-specific lung cancer survival.
Effective parametric optimization for packaging design using Bayesian optimization

As different structure, materials and components are widely applied in electronic packaging, complicated responses of these heterogenous but integrated parts subjecting to thermo-mechanical loading during manufacturing and usage are becoming a crucial issue to reliability of packaging. Therefore, how to find optimal engineering design of packaging receives growing attention. For the past, Design of Experiment (DoE) combined with statistical analysis is generally adopted. However, the increasing complexity of electronic packaging dramatically enlarges the amount of design parameters, making these traditional methods hard to maintain its efficiency. In current study, we implement Bayesian optimization with Gaussian process (BO-GP) as a framework to search the optimal combination of design parameters to reduce the warpage of a testing packaging vehicle. Upper confidence bound (UCB) method is adopted to define how this framework search in the design space. By employing simulated annealing algorithm, the BO-GP framework in this study can balance the exploration and exploitation within the space and present good convergence towards optimal design parameters.
Automatic Question Tagging using k-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest

Stack Overflow is one of the most widely used platforms for asking questions and queries on topics related to computer science, software development and general computer programming. Tagging of the questions is particularly useful for indexing information based on the tags. Currently, a user enters the tag manually for a question asked by him/her. The question should contain at least one tag manually typed by the user. It can be seen that most of the questions asked should either have more tags associated with it or aren’t tagged accurately and appropriately. Since there are a huge number of tags, the process of searching through all the tags manually and find relevant ones can be cumbersome and is therefore overlooked by most of the users asking the questions. This research is focused on exploring methods for developing an autonomous tagging system using Machine learning methods like k-Nearest Neighbors and Random Forest along with some crucial data preprocessing steps like Stemming, Tokenization and removing Stop words. The dataset for the above research is taken from kaggle.com which has a 10% Stackoverflow question dataset open for all. The results of the following proposed system for automatic tagging were satisfactory. Random Forest gave an average percentage accuracy of 70% across all the tags while k-Nearest Neighbors performed slightly better giving an accuracy of 75%.
An Overview of Alternative Splicing Defects Implicated in Myotonic Dystrophy Type I

Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy, caused by expansion of a CTG triplet repeat in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The pathological CTG repeats result in protein trapping by expanded transcripts, a decreased DMPK translation and the disruption of the chromatin structure, affecting neighboring genes expression. The muscleblind-like (MBNL) and CUG-BP and ETR-3-like factors (CELF) are two families of tissue-specific regulators of developmentally programmed alternative splicing that act as antagonist regulators of several pre-mRNA targets, including troponin 2 (TNNT2), insulin receptor (INSR), chloride channel 1 (CLCN1) and MBNL2. Sequestration of MBNL proteins and up-regulation of CELF1 are key to DM1 pathology, inducing a spliceopathy that leads to a developmental remodelling of the transcriptome due to an adult-to-foetal splicing switch, which results in the loss of cell function and viability. Moreover, recent studies indicate that additional pathogenic mechanisms may also contribute to disease pathology, including a misregulation of cellular mRNA translation, localization and stability. This review focuses on the cause and effects of MBNL and CELF1 deregulation in DM1, describing the molecular mechanisms underlying alternative splicing misregulation for a deeper understanding of DM1 complexity. To contribute to this analysis, we have prepared a comprehensive list of transcript alterations involved in DM1 pathogenesis, as well as other deregulated mRNA processing pathways implications.