Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 2015 focus on preventing drug-induced arrhythmias

ABSTRACT Drug-induced Torsade de Pointes arrhythmia is a life-threatening adverse effect feared by pharmaceutical companies. For the last decade, the cardiac safety guidelines have imposed human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel blockade and prolongation of QT interval as surrogates for proarrhythmic risk propensity of a new chemical entity. Suffering from a lack of specificity, this assessment strategy led to a great amount of false positive outcomes. Therefore, this review will discuss new pharmaceutical strategies: the cardiac safety proposal that recently emerged, the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay, combining in vitro assays that integrate effects on main cardiac ion channels, with computational models of human ventricular action potential as well as assays using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for an improved prediction of drug’s proarrhythmic liability, alternative pharmacological perspectives as well as the current treatment of drug-induced long QT syndrome.
Self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis: A clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study of the fourth case in the literature

A case of self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis is reported. Our case differed from those previously reported in that tumors developed 17 days after birth (instead of at birth) and all tumors disappeared rapidly within three weeks (instead of two to three and one‐half months). Hematologic abnormalities such as absolute neutropenia, marked lymphocytosis with many atypical cells, and atypical monocytes in bone marrow in association with this disease have not previously been reported. The patient had palpable liver which persisted with absolute neutropenia for about a month. The diagnosis of self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis was confirmed by characteristic histology and by the demonstration of Langerhans' cells with typical granules in the tumor cells.
"Brain attack": the rationale for treating stroke as a medical emergency.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, behind only heart disease and cancer. With an estimated three million survivors of stroke in the United States, the cost to society, both directly in health care and indirectly in lost income, is staggering. Despite recent advances in basic and clinical neurosciences, which have the potential to improve the treatment of acute stroke, the general approach to the acute stroke patient remains one of therapeutic nihilism. Most basic science studies show that to be effective, acute intervention to reperfuse ischemic tissue must take place within the first several hours, as is the case with ischemic myocardium. In addition, most neuroprotective agents must also be administered within a short time frame to be effective at salvaging at-risk tissue. Recent studies have suggested that the outcome after intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage is improved with early intervention. However, most stroke patients fail to present to medical attention within this short "window of opportunity. " The public's knowledge about stroke is woefully inadequate. However, clinicians who deal with stroke can use the dramatic changes in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction over the last 2 decades as a guide for shaping changes in the management of acute stroke. Comprehensive educational efforts aimed at clinicians and the public at large have dramatically reduced the time from symptom onset to presentation and treatment for acute myocardial infarction, enabling treatment methods such as thrombolysis to be effective. The Decade of the Brain offers a unique opportunity to all concerned with the treatment of the patient with acute stroke to engage in a concerted effort to bring patients with a "brain attack" to specialized neurological attention within the same timeframe that the "heart attack" patient is handled. Such an effort is justified because, although at the present time there are few therapeutic interventions of "proven" value in the treatment of acute stroke, there is more than sufficient suggestive evidence that a number of approaches may be beneficial within the first few hours after the onset of the stroke.
Chapter 2 A Brush Stroke Synthesis Toolbox

Digital painting has progressed by leaps and bounds since its humble beginnings [30]. What some of the original painting applications called “brushes” were really simple line-drawing mechanisms based on the model of a circular tip, swept along a path. Still, within these systems, artists prevailed to make impressive images with the first inklings of a natural media style. Things have advanced greatly since then. Much of the rest of this book deals with the rise of non-photorealistic rendering, and in some cases specifically painterly rendering, in which 3D models or 2D images and videos are processed automatically to have the appearance of a piece of natural media artwork. On the other hand, traditional media artists who consider moving into the digital media world look for the same level of expressive control and manual interaction that they have mastered with physical brushes. From this perspective, painting engines that aim to replicate or emulate real artistic tools represent the path forward, and there has been a correspondingly large amount of research in the field. However, it is not the case that brush strokes are only interesting to manual digital painters. For example, in the automatic generation of painterly images from photos or 3D models, many algorithms are based around the idea of stroke-based rendering (SBR) [21], where the composition is broken down into a set of brush strokes that combine to form the target output. The primary distinction between SBR and brush simulation is that SBR assumes realistic brush strokes as an input to the algorithm, whereas brush simulation is concerned with the synthesis of those realistic brush strokes, but clearly the two areas are closely connected. SBR is discussed in detail in Chap. 1.
Generators for Linear Processor Array

In processor arrays, the memory subsystem represents a major cost and performance bottleneck. To optimize the system performance we use address generation unit which performs host-to-processor array address transformation in hardware. The aim of initial loading is to provide sequential access to data elements stored in processor array memory modules. The performance of the proposed solution are estimated by the speedup, which is defined as a ratio of the time needed to perform address transformation in software and in hardware. Proposed hardware implementation of address transformation gives a speedup of 2.3, with low hardware overhead. Most of address transformations are performed by cross-wiring
The Dose-Dependent Effects of Chronic Iron Overload on the Production of Oxygen Free Radicals and Vitamin E Concentrations in the Liver of a Murine Model

Genetic disorders of iron metabolism such as primary and secondary hemochromatosis affect thousands of individuals worldwide and are major causes of liver dysfunction, morbidity, and mortality. Although the exact mechanism of hepatic injury associated with these genetic disorders is not fully understood, the propagation of excess concentrations of iron-catalyzed oxygen free radicals (OFRs) may play a role. The authors hypothesized that chronic iron burden would result in dose-dependent (a) increases in hepatic iron stores, (b) increases in hepatic OFR-mediated hepatic cellular injury as quantified by the cytotoxic aldehydes malondialdehyde (MDA) and hexanal, and (c) decreases in protective antioxidant reserve status as quantified by plasma vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) levels in a murine model. Twenty B6D2F1 male mice were randomized to the (a) saline control (0.05 mL intraperiotoneal [i.p.]/mouse/day, n = 5), (b) 100 mg total iron burden (n = 5), (c) 200 mg total iron burden (n = 5), or (d) 400 mg total iron burden (n = 5) group. Iron burden was achieved by daily injections of iron dextran (Imferon, 0.05 mL i.p./mouse/day). In comparison to control mice and in support of the hypothesis, the authors observed significant dose-dependent increases in total hepatic iron burden (p < .001) with corresponding increases in MDA and hexanal concentrations (p < .001) and decreases in the protective plasma antioxidant vitamin E (p < .001). These findings suggest that iron-catalyzed OFR-mediated damage may play a role in damaging the liver in chronic states of iron burden.
Morbidity and cost of atopic eczema in Australia

The severity, morbidity and financial costs of atopic eczema (AE) were assessed during a 1‐year prospective study of a cohort of 85 people aged 14–63 years (mean 36 years) with the disease. A dermatologist examined each participant using the Six Area Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis severity scoring system to classify severity. Participants completed a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), a Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS) and an ongoing diary of health‐care consultations and treatment costs. Follow up by mail to each participant was conducted every 2 months and participants completed a NESS, a DLQI and a diary of costs incurred. The DLQI data revealed that 36% spent over 10 min per day applying treatments, 28% indicated that AE influenced the clothes they wore, 21% felt embarrassed by their skin and 15% reported problems with treatments. There appeared to be a relationship between increased morbidity and increased severity. The average annual out‐of‐pocket cost for products used for treatment was A$425, ranging from A$13.50 to over A$2000 per individual. The average out‐of‐pocket cost for medical consultations was A$120, ranging from zero to over A$800 per individual. Although there were concerns about the reproducibility of the severity and morbidity measures, the data showed that AE can have substantial effects both financially and from a personal perspective for those affected.
Epidemiology of gastroenteritis viruses in Japan: Prevalence, seasonality, and outbreak

Acute gastroenteritis has been recognized as one of the most common diseases in humans and continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. Several groups of viruses have been reported as the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis, including rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, human astrovirus, adenovirus, and an increasing number of others which have been reported more recently. The epidemiology, prevalence, seasonality, and outbreaks of these viruses have been reviewed in a number of studies conducted in Japan over three decades. Rotavirus and norovirus were the two most common viruses detected almost equally in children under 5 years of age who were suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Like many other countries, the main rotavirus strains circulating in pediatric patients in Japan are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G9P[8]. Norovirus GII.4 was involved in most outbreaks in Japan and found to be associated with the emergence of new variants Sydney_2012. The classic human astrovirus, MLB, and VA clades astroviruses were also commonly found in pediatric patients with acute diarrhea. The sapovirus and adenovirus have been identified as the minor viral causative agents for acute gastroenteritis in Japan. J. Med. Virol. 88:551–570, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromogenic detection of nerve agent mimics by mass transport control at the surface of bifunctionalized silica nanoparticles.

Chemical warfare (CW) agents are toxic chemicals that have been used in several terrorist attacks in recent years. Among CW species, nerve agents are probably the most dangerous; their high toxicity and facile synthesis underscores the need to detect these lethal compounds with quick, reliable procedures. Analytical methods based on enzymatic assays and physical measurements have generally been used to detect these hazards. However, these protocols usually have limitations such as low selectivity, poor portability, and a certain level of complexity. In recent years, several chromogenic and fluorogenic sensors, and reagents for the detection of nerve agents have been described. For instance, approaches that involve perborate-mediated oxidation of organophosphorus agents, fluorescent probes based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), assays that use oximate-containing derivatives, molecularly imprinted polymers, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, porous silicon, displacement-like procedures, and cyclization reactions in push–pull chromophores have been reported. Most of these protocols rely on changes in fluorescence properties, whereas few examples deal with color modulations. Colorimetric detection is particularly appealing because it uses low-cost, widely available instrumentation and allows assays to be detected with the naked eye. However, the development of selective, sensitive chromogenic probes for the detection of deadly chemical species is still rare. Given our interest in the design of novel hybrid organic– inorganic materials as probes, we focused on the preparation of a new optical test for the detection of nerve agent mimics based on nerve agent control of mass transport to the surface of functionalized silica nanoparticles. The chromogenic approach (Scheme 1) involves the use of silica nanoparticles that are functionalized with two different subunits— thiol groups (SH) and aliphatic alcohols (OH). The role of the
Análisis de requerimientos mediante la aplicación de AHP como base para el desarrollo del diseño conceptual de un buque tipo LCU

Este articulo resume el estudio de los requerimientos y necesidades que se tienen en cuenta en el desarrollo del diseno conceptual de un buque de desembarco (LCU, por sus siglas en ingles), en el que se uso la metodologia de analisis jerarquico AHP, con el fin de calificar y clasificar lo solicitado por la Armada de la Republica de Colombia (ARC), que sera la usuaria del buque. De esta manera se logro establecer la importancia que tiene para el armador cada una de las necesidades expuestas, con el fin de incluirlas directamente dentro del proceso de diseno.
MapReduce to Find Association Rules Representing Social Network Data

Social Network is a network of social involvements and personal relationships. Social Networks involve information sharing between people at all times which results in producing large amount of data produced in this social network environment which can be extremely useful. As social networks are increased, its storage also increases. By observation, it has been discovered that most of social sites have redundant, noisy data. To get such optimized information, Social network analysis focuses on mining out the pattern of user’s interaction. For such mining the paper proposes to implement Mining of association rules which helps in the discovery of associations, correlations, statistically relevant patterns, causality, emerging patterns, and other data mining tasks in social networks. Most of the traditional frequent item set mining algorithms is ineffective due to either enormous resource requirements or large communications overhead. Cloud computing has shown that processing very large datasets over clusters can be done by providing the right programming model. As a programming model working in parallel form, Map-Reduce, one of techniques for cloud computing, has emerged in the mining of datasets scaling from terabyte or larger on clusters of computers. The present paper focuses on making use of a proposed algorithm for association rule mining employing the MapReduce frame of reference which deals with Hadoop, a parallel store and computing platform. This will help to improve efficiency and accuracy of the given system. General Terms Data mining, Genetic Algorithm
Distribution and combinations of Czech consonants

Abstract This paper outlines distributional and combinational potentials of consonants in Present Standard Czech. We adopt a notion distributional unit introduced by Jan W. F. Mulder. It is defined as a bundle of positions such that in every such position a phoneme can stand and commute with other phonemes or with ∅ (be empty). Nine positions are established for Czech: five pre-nuclear, one nuclear and three post-nuclear. The sum of these positions is an underlying grid upon which the structure of all the phonotagms (roughly: syllables) in Czech can be effectively mapped and thus exhaustively described. This paper focuses in particular on the distribution of Czech consonants and includes tables containing 413 pre-nuclear (= syllable-initial) and 82 post-nuclear (= syllable-final) consonantal combinations in Czech. Such a comprehensive list has not, to the best of our knowledge, been published elsewhere.
MR microscopy of the parotid glands in patients with Sjogren's syndrome: quantitative MR diagnostic criteria.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging of the salivary glands has been applied to the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome; however, the diagnosis remains qualitative. We sought to establish and evaluate quantitative MR imaging criteria for the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. METHODS MR imaging with a 47-mm microscopy coil was performed in 83 patients with xerostomia (55 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, 28 without Sjogren's syndrome). MR images were obtained by T1-weighted and fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging and by MR sialography of the parotid glands. MR imaging findings of the parotid glands in Sjogren's syndome included increases in fat areas and decreases in intact lobule areas. These MR images were morphometrically analyzed for the diagnostic criteria. RESULTS MR imaging with a microscopy coil demonstrated well the details of the damaged parotid glands in patients with xerostomia. Quantitative MR imaging of fat, intact gland lobule, and number of sialoectatic foci significantly and highly correlated with severity of disease. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that quantitative MR imaging yielded high diagnostic ability in differentiating patients with xerostomia who have Sjogren's syndrome from those without Sjogren's syndrome, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.94 for fat area, 0.98 for intact lobule area, and 0.91 for number of sialoectatic foci. The best cutoff points by quantitative MR imaging were each associated with high sensitivity and specificity, and, when used in combination, yielded 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSION Quantitative MR imaging effectively differentiated the parotid glands in patients with xerostomia who have Sjogren's syndrome from those without the syndrome and provided criteria for staging the gland disease.
Disruption of iron homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by high zinc levels: a genome‐wide study

Zinc is an essential metal that, when in excess, can be deleterious to the cell. Therefore, homeostatic mechanisms for this cation must be finely tuned. To better understand the response of yeast in front of an excess of zinc, we screened a systematic deletion mutant library for altered growth in the presence of 6 mM zinc. Eighty‐nine mutants exhibited increased zinc sensitivity, including many genes involved in vacuolar assembling and biogenesis. Interestingly, a mutant lacking the Aft1 transcription factor, required for the transcriptional response to iron starvation, was found to be highly sensitive to zinc. Genome‐wide transcriptional profiling revealed that exposure to 5 mM ZnCl2 results in rapid increase in the expression of numerous chaperones required for proper protein folding or targeting to vacuole and mitochondria, as well as genes involved in stress response (mainly oxidative), sulphur metabolism and some components of the iron regulon. The effect of the lack of Aft1 both in the absence and in the presence of zinc overload was also investigated. Exposure to high zinc generated reactive oxygen species and markedly decreased glutathione content. Interestingly, zinc excess results in decreased intracellular iron content and aconitase and cytochrome c activities in stationary‐phase cultures. These findings suggest that high zinc levels may alter the assembly and/or function of iron–sulphur‐containing proteins, as well as the biosynthesis of haem groups, thus establishing a link between zinc, iron and sulphur metabolism.
Current procedures of the integrated urban vector-mosquito control as an example in Cotonou (Benin, West Africa) and Wrocław area (Poland).

Current strategy of Integrated Vector Management (IVM) comprises the general approach of environmentally friendly control measures. With regard to mosquitoes it includes first of all application of microbial insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and B. sphaericus (Bs) delta-endotoxins as well as the reduction of breeding habitats and natural enemy augmentation. It can be achieved thorough implementation of the interdisciplinary program, i. e. , understanding of mosquito vector ecology, the appropriate vector-diseases (e. g., malariometric) measurements and training of local personnel responsible for mosquito abatement activities, as well as community involvement. Biocontrol methods as an alternative to chemical insecticides result from the sustainability development concept, growing awareness of environmental pollution and the development of insecticide-resistant strains of vector-mosquito populations in many parts of the world. Although sustainable trends are usually considered in terms of the monetary and training resources within countries, environmental concerns are actually more limiting factors for the duration of an otherwise successful vector control effort. In order to meet these new needs, increasing efforts have been made in search of and application of natural enemies, such as parasites, bacterial pathogens and predators which may control populations of insect vectors. The biological control agent based on the bacterial toxins Bti and Bs has been used in the Wrocław's University and Municipal Mosquito Control Programs since 1998. In West-Africa biocontrol appears to be an effective and safe tool to combat malaria in addition to bed-nets, residual indoor spraying and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of malaria parasites which are the major tools in the WHO Roll Back Malaria Program. IVM studies carried out 2005-2008 in Cotonou (Benin) as well those in Wrocław Irrigated Fields during the last years include the following major steps: 1. Mapping of all breeding sites in the project area and recording data in a geographical information system (GIS/relational database). All districts, streets and houses are numbered for quick reference during the operation; 2. Studying mosquito vector bionomics, migration and vectorial capacity in the project area, before, during and after the routine Bti treatments; 3. Assessment of the optimum for effective larvicide insecticide dosages at major breeding sites against the different target mosquito species; 4. Implementation of the microbial control agents in the integrated routine program. Adaptation of the application equipment to the local situation, training of the field staff, and routine treatments; 5. Conducting surveillance of vector-disease (e. g., malariometric) parameters in the control and experimental area before, during, and after the application of biocontrol agents.
Application of wavelet-based de-noising to online measurement of partial discharges

For online detection of partial discharge (PD) activity within power cables and cable accessories, one of the non-conventional PD detection techniques, VHF capacitive coupling has been proved to be suitable. However, the existence of excessive interference can significantly influence the measurement sensitivity and reliability. This paper investigates the application of wavelet transforms for de-noising signals obtained using capacitive couplers. The experimental work has been carried out on a 132 kV cable loop with a known defect within the cable joint. Obtained results indicate that the wavelet analysis technique can effectively discriminate internal PD pulses among corona discharges and pulse-like interference. Further, removal of interference has been achieved by applying level dependent threshold values.