Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verification of P4 programs in feasible time using assertions

Recent trends in software-defined networking have extended network programmability to the data plane. Unfortunately, the chance of introducing bugs increases significantly. Verification can help prevent bugs by assuring that the program does not violate its requirements. Although research on the verification of P4 programs is very active, we still need tools to make easier for programmers to express properties and to rapidly verify complex invariants. In this paper, we leverage assertions and symbolic execution to propose a more general P4 verification approach. Developers annotate P4 programs with assertions expressing general network correctness properties; the result is transformed into C models and all possible paths symbolically executed. We implement a prototype, and use it to show the feasibility of the verification approach. Because symbolic execution does not scale well, we investigate a set of techniques to speed up the process for the specific case of P4 programs. We use the prototype implemented to show the gains provided by three speed up techniques (use of constraints, program slicing, parallelization), and experiment with different compiler optimization choices. We show our tool can uncover a broad range of bugs, and can do it in less than a minute considering various P4 applications.
Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 promotes cell migration and invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastric cancer

AIM To investigate the function and mechanism of ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 2 (Uba2) in progression of gastric cancer (GC) cells. METHODS Uba2 level in patients with GC was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. MTT and colony formation assays were performed to examine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to examine the effects of Uba2 on migration and invasion. Expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, and involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was assessed by Western blotting. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was confirmed by luciferase assay. RESULTS Uba2 expression was higher in GC than in normal tissues. Increased Uba2 expression was correlated with tissue differentiation, Lauren’s classification, vascular invasion, and TNM stage, as determined by the analysis of 100 GC cases (P < 0.05). Knock-down of Uba2 inhibited GC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and altered expression of cyclin D1, P21, P27, and Bcl-2, while up-regulation of Uba2 showed the opposite effects. The wound healing and Transwell assays showed that Uba2 promoted GC cell migration and invasion. Western blotting revealed alterations in EMT biomarkers, suggesting the role of Uba2 in EMT. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay indicated the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a possible modulator of Uba2 oncogenic functions. CONCLUSION Uba2 plays a vital role in GC cell migration and invasion, possibly by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and EMT.
Verteilte Optimierung: Anwendungen in der Modellprädiktiven Regelung

Zusammenfassung Verteilte Optimierungsverfahren wie die duale Dekomposition oder die Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) erleben in den letzten Jahren ein erneutes steigendes Interesse in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungen. Die zunehmende Vernetzung von Servern oder Mikrocontrollern weltweit sowie die Größe von heutigen Datensätzen liefern dabei die Grundlage für die Nachfrage nach iterativen, parallelisierbaren Optimierungsverfahren. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir verteilte Optimierungsalgorithmen und ihre Anwendungen bei der Berechnung von Zustandsrückführungen mithilfe der Modellprädiktiven Regelung vor. Wir konzentrieren uns auf die Systemdynamik sowie die Vernetzung der Systeme bei der Anwendbarkeit der Algorithmen. Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir die Algorithmen auf ihre Kommunikationsstruktur, den Austausch sensibler Daten, die Skalierbarkeit und die Flexibilität.
Rechallenge for Patients With RAS and BRAF Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer With Acquired Resistance to First-line Cetuximab and Irinotecan: A Phase 2 Single-Arm Clinical Trial

Importance Based on a small retrospective study, rechallenge with cetuximab-based therapy for patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who were previously treated with the same anti–epidermal growth factor receptor–based regimen might be efficacious. Recent data suggest the role of liquid biopsy as a tool to track molecular events in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Objective To prospectively assess the activity of cetuximab plus irinotecan as third-line treatment for patients with RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC who were initially sensitive to and then resistant to first-line irinotecan- and cetuximab-based therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter phase 2 single-arm trial conducted from January 7, 2015, to June 19, 2017. Liquid biopsies for analysis of ctDNA were collected at baseline. Main eligibility criteria included RAS and BRAF wild-type status on tissue samples; prior first-line irinotecan- and cetuximab-based regimen with at least partial response, progression-free survival of at least 6 months with first-line therapy, and progression within 4 weeks after last dose of cetuximab; and prior second-line oxaliplatin- and bevacizumab-based treatment. Interventions Biweekly cetuximab, 500 mg/m2, plus irinotecan, 180 mg/m2. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall response rate according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Secondary end points included progression-free survival and overall survival and, as an exploratory analysis, RAS mutations in ctDNA. Results Twenty-eight patients (9 women and 19 men; median age, 69 years [range, 45-79 years]) were enrolled. Six partial responses (4 confirmed) and 9 disease stabilizations were reported (response rate, 21%; 95% CI, 10%-40%; disease control rate, 54%; 95% CI, 36%-70%). Primary end point was met because lower limit of 95% CI of response rate was higher than 5%. RAS mutations were found in ctDNA collected at rechallenge baseline in 12 of 25 evaluable patients (48%). No RAS mutations were detected in samples from patients who achieved confirmed partial response. Patients with RAS wild-type ctDNA had significantly longer progression-free survival than those with RAS mutated ctDNA (median progression-free survival, 4.0 vs 1.9 months; hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.18-0.98; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance This is the first prospective demonstration that a rechallenge strategy with cetuximab and irinotecan may be active in patients with RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC with acquired resistance to first-line irinotecan- and cetuximab-based therapy. The evaluation of RAS mutational status on ctDNA might be helpful in selecting candidate patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02296203
VINS-MKF: A Tightly-Coupled Multi-Keyframe Visual-Inertial Odometry for Accurate and Robust State Estimation

State estimation is crucial for robot autonomy, visual odometry (VO) has received significant attention in the robotics field because it can provide accurate state estimation. However, the accuracy and robustness of most existing VO methods are degraded in complex conditions, due to the limited field of view (FOV) of the utilized camera. In this paper, we present a novel tightly-coupled multi-keyframe visual-inertial odometry (called VINS-MKF), which can provide an accurate and robust state estimation for robots in an indoor environment. We first modify the monocular ORBSLAM (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) to multiple fisheye cameras alongside an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to provide large FOV visual-inertial information. Then, a novel VO framework is proposed to ensure the efficiency of state estimation, by adopting a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) based feature extraction method and parallelizing the feature extraction thread that is separated from the tracking thread with the mapping thread. Finally, a nonlinear optimization method is formulated for accurate state estimation, which is characterized as being multi-keyframe, tightly-coupled and visual-inertial. In addition, accurate initialization and a novel MultiCol-IMU camera model are coupled to further improve the performance of VINS-MKF. To the best of our knowledge, it’s the first tightly-coupled multi-keyframe visual-inertial odometry that joins measurements from multiple fisheye cameras and IMU. The performance of the VINS-MKF was validated by extensive experiments using home-made datasets, and it showed improved accuracy and robustness over the state-of-art VINS-Mono.
Optimal rate allocation in kinematically-redundant manipulators-the dual projection method

A coordination algorithm for optimal solution of the rate allocation problem in kinematically redundant manipulators is presented. This solution follows from exploring the projection properties of orthogonal surfaces characterized by the velocity kinematics of the redundant system. It is shown that, using the dual projection theorems between the row and the null spaces to be derived, a commonly used, general solution can be reformulated into a computationally efficient form. This method, known as the dual projection method, offers an equivalent but more efficient alternative to the conventional pseudo-inverse based, gradient projection technique, and is applicable to any linear systems with redundancy. To demonstrate its effectiveness, an analytic example using a spatial manipulator with one degree of redundancy is presented. Discussions of computational efficiency based on numbers of arithmetic operations are included. <<ETX>>
Topological Sensitivity in the Recognition of Disoriented Figures

A previous study by the author found that discrimination latencies for figure pairs with the same topological structure (isomorphic pairs) were longer than for pairs with different topological structures (nonisomorphic pairs). These results suggest that topological sensitivity occurs during figure recognition. However, sameness was judged in terms of both shape and orientation. Using this criterion, faster discrimination of nonisomorphic pairs may have arisen from the detection of differences in the corresponding locations of the paired figures, which is not a topological property. The current study examined whether topological sensitivity occurs even when identity judgments are based on the sameness of shapes, irrespective of their orientation, where the sameness of location is not ensured. The current results suggested the involvement of topological sensitivity, indicating that processing of structural properties (invariant features) of a figure may be prioritized over processing of superficial features, such as location, length, and angles, in figure recognition.
Molecular diagnosis of genital tract infections among HIV-positive women in Iran

Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are usually at a higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than others. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and associated risk factors among HIV-infected women in Fars province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cervical swab samples were collected from 71 HIV-infected women, aged 17–45 years (mean ± standard deviation: 31.11 ± 6.58 years), and tested for HPV, HSV, CT, and NG using PCR assays. Results: Overall, 77.5% of patients were positive for the tested STIs with the following distribution: 36 (50.7%) HPV, 7 (9.9%) HSV, 4 (5.6%) NG, and 27 (38%) CT. From those, 39 (55%) were positive for only one infection, while 16 (22.5%) were positive for multiple infections. We observed that the prevalence of all tested STIs increased by age, except for HSV which showed a slight decrease, although not statistically significant. Socio-economic factors such as low educational level, multiple sex partners, and being a sex worker significantly correlated with higher positive prevalence of STIs in the studied population. Conclusion: A high prevalence of STIs was observed among HIV-infected women in this region. These data might prompt policy makers and STI experts to focus on providing a comprehensive sex education, including participation in screening programs for STIs among high-risk groups.
Principles of Mucosal Immunology

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A 2-D Fourier domain approach for spotlight SAR raw signal simulation of extended scenes

In this paper a spotlight SAR raw signal simulator for extended scenes is presented. The proposed procedure has two main advantages: first of all, use is made of efficient FFT codes, thus reducing the computational load with respect to a time-domain simulation; in addition, the procedure is planned taking into account theoretical developments used in an existing stripmap simulator, so that most of the algorithms employed in that simulator can be reused after minor changes.
Cross-cultural differences in implicit learning of chunks versus symmetries

Three experiments explore whether knowledge of grammars defining global versus local regularities has an advantage in implicit acquisition and whether this advantage is affected by cultural differences. Participants were asked to listen to and memorize a number of strings of 10 syllables instantiating an inversion (i.e. a global pattern); after the training phase, they were required to judge whether new strings were well formed. In Experiment 1, Western people implicitly acquired the inversion rule defined over the Chinese tones in a similar way as Chinese participants when alternative structures (specifically, chunking and repetition structures) were controlled. In Experiments 2 and 3, we directly pitted knowledge of the inversion (global) against chunk (local) knowledge, and found that Chinese participants had a striking global advantage in implicit learning, which was greater than that of Western participants. Taken together, we show for the first time cross-cultural differences in the type of regularities implicitly acquired.
The cohesin complex in mammalian meiosis

Cohesin is an evolutionary conserved multi‐protein complex that plays a pivotal role in chromosome dynamics. It plays a role both in sister chromatid cohesion and in establishing higher order chromosome architecture, in somatic and germ cells. Notably, the cohesin complex in meiosis differs from that in mitosis. In mammalian meiosis, distinct types of cohesin complexes are produced by altering the combination of meiosis‐specific subunits. The meiosis‐specific subunits endow the cohesin complex with specific functions for numerous meiosis‐associated chromosomal events, such as chromosome axis formation, homologue association, meiotic recombination and centromeric cohesion for sister kinetochore geometry. This review mainly focuses on the cohesin complex in mammalian meiosis, pointing out the differences in its roles from those in mitosis. Further, common and divergent aspects of the meiosis‐specific cohesin complex between mammals and other organisms are discussed.
Investigating Partial Discharge Behaviour and Extracting Diagnostic Markers for Partial Discharge Aging of Type I Insulating Materials

This paper deals with investigation of Partial Discharge (PD) and surface erosion endurance on Type I (organic) insulation. Considering two types of reference materials of the Kapton family, one having enhance resistance to PD (CR, corona resistant), a short-term PD test procedure using needle-plane electrodes was devised in order to get fast characterization of the capability of an insulating material to endure PD. Partial Discharge data and surface erosion were acquired and measured hourly, in order to obtain both a life line plot and a time behaviour of the erosion depth. Life lines were also obtained through accelerated electrothermal life tests, using cylindrical-shape electrodes. The results show significantly different PD endurance and erosion rate between the two tested materials, thus indicating that the investigated short-term procedures may be useful for the selection of insulating materials and for the estimation of the design field.
Improvement in hepatitis C virus patients with advanced, compensated liver disease after sustained virological response to direct acting antivirals

The outcome of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and advanced, compensated liver disease after sustained virological response (SVR) to direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) has not yet been completely depicted. We aimed to assess the clinical, biochemical and instrumental outcome of patients with advanced, compensated chronic HCV‐related liver disease with DAA‐induced SVR to DAAs and who had at least 1‐year follow‐up.
Durian Fruits Discovered as Superior Folate Sources

Durian (Durio zibethinus) is a tropical fruit grown in Southeast Asia and highly appreciated by consumers throughout Asia. Folates are a group of vitamins and are essential nutrients for humans. Here we present the folate analysis of different durian cultivars as well as diverse durian products. An LC-MS/MS method and the application of a stable isotope dilution assay (SIDA) was used for quantitation of the folate vitamers 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, 10-formylfolate, tetrahydrofolate, and pteroylmonoglutamic acid by using [13C5]-labeled internal standards. Total folates varied from 175 to 440 μg/100 g for durian arils and from 15.0 to 417 μg/100 g for durian products. These contents are extraordinarily high compared to other fruits and may be correlated to the upregulated methionine biosynthesis pathway reported recently. In summary, the tropical fruit durian can be considered as a very rich dietary source of natural folates.
Automatic Multichannel Intramuscular Electromyogram Decomposition: Progressive FastICA Peel-Off and Performance Validation

The progressive FastICA peel-off (PFP) is a recently developed blind source separation approach for high-density surface EMG decomposition. This paper explores a novel application of PFP for automatic decomposition of multi-channel intramuscular electromyogram signals. The automatic PFP (APFP) was used to decompose an open access multichannel intramuscular EMG dataset, simultaneously collected from the brachioradialis muscle using 6 to 8 fine wire or needle electrodes. Given usually a limited number of intramuscular electrodes compared with high-density surface EMG recording, a modification was made to the original APFP framework to dramatically increase the decomposition yield. A total of 131 motor units were automatically decomposed by the APFP framework from 10 multichannel intramuscular EMG signals, among which 128 motor units were also manually identified from the expert interactive EMGLAB decomposition. The average matching rate of discharge instants for all the common motor units was (98.71 ± 1.73)%. The outcomes of this study indicate that the APFP framework can also be used to automatically decompose multichannel intramuscular EMG with high accuracies, even though the number of recording channels is relatively small compared with high-density surface EMG.
Researching health care. Designs, dilemmas, disciplines

Although much lip service is paid to multidisciplinary research, few have put it into practice. In health services research, however, increasing numbers of attempts are being made to achieve this, often in spite of rather than because of the decisions of funding agencies. There is still a need for believers in the benefits of multidisciplinarity to argue their case with their principal opponents, who are often advocates of quantitative experimental methods. This book will prove a useful ally in that struggle. The book is based on a small international symposium held in Australia in 1989, which set out to debate the issues and establish a consensus on when and where specific methods of analysis are best applied for the effective evaluation of health care. Contributors include clinicians, epidemiologists, statisticians, sociologists, and economists. Apart from the final chapter, each contributor presents their view independently. Unfortunately no attempt is made to convey the flavour of any debate that took place. The reader is left to assume, whether rightly or wrongly, that few disagreements occurred. In a book full of interest, a few chapters stood out for me, though someone with a different background might well have identified others. Thus, the account of costutility analysis by JeffRichardson provided an excellent summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the method, and the three chapters on qualitative methods by Robert Dingwall, David Silverman, and the editors overcame a common failing by managing to explain to a proquantitative audience the value of ethnography and other qualitative methods. This initiative needs extending to convince policy makers of the practical value of such methods in the same way as, in this book, Jack Hirsh's chapter on the impact of quantitative studies on clinical practice does. The one puzzling feature was the contribution of Michael Jelinek, a clinician. While clinical medicine clearly has a legitimate voice in health services research, his chapter highlighted the difference in perspective between the two. This may have been a deliberate intention, though if so it was well disguised. Jelinek seemed to be unaware that such widely held views as the supposed decline in coronary heart disease deaths and the effectiveness of coronary care units have been seriously challenged. Curiously, what his chapter did achieve was to show the need for multidisciplinary enquiry into medical thinking, so in this regard its impact was consistent with the rest of this excellent book. My only disappointments were the failure of the editors to correct the misuse of the word 'methodology' by several of the contributors and the way the cover became detached from the book in the course of reading!