Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System of Mode Variables of Energy Circuits

Modern energy systems feature diversity of elements and combination of processes and phenomena of various physical natures. Mathematical modelling of such systems relies on the tools of the theory of energy circuits. One of the major problems of this theory is formation of the unified system of interrelated variables which allow describing phenomena in circuits of various physical natures. Such a system of variables is underlain by the principle of energy analogy, which is based on the fundamental law of nature the law of conservation of energy. The relationship between the variables is substantiated on the example of a mechanical circuit, since in mechanics both potential and kinetic energy are most illustrative. Results obtained for a mechanical circuit were then applied to circuits of other physical natures. Energy of magnetic field of the inductor is a counterpart of kinetic energy; therefore, kinetic energy in a mechanical circuit can be defined using generalized inductance. Correspondingly, energy of electrostatic field of the capacitor is a counterpart of potential energy, due to which potential energy in a mechanical circuit can be defined through generalized capacitance.
Faster-than-fast NMF using random projections and Nesterov iterations

Random projections have been recently implemented in Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to speed-up the NMF computations, with a negligible loss of performance. In this paper, we investigate the effects of such projections when the NMF technique uses the fast Nesterov gradient descent (NeNMF). We experimentally show the randomized subspace iteration to significantly speed-up NeNMF.
Carbon Sources Supporting Large River Food Webs: A Review of Ecological Theories and Evidence from Stable Isotopes

Abstract Quantifying the contributions of carbon sources that support food webs in large rivers is an important and growing field of ecological research with implications for future management and rehabilitation. Here we review theoretical concepts and recent empirical evidence that address carbon flow through aquatic food webs in large rivers. The literature reviewed focuses on studies using stable isotope analysis, which is a tested framework for identifying the origin of carbon sources that are assimilated by primary consumers and subsequently transferred through the food web to support higher consumers. Theoretical concepts addressing carbon flow in large river food webs have tended to stress the importance of organic matter originating from different sources, such as floodplains (Flood Pulse Concept), local riparian and aquatic primary producers (Riverine Productivity Model), or leakage from upstream processing of terrestrial organic matter (River Continuum Concept). Recent empirical evidence from a range of studies has highlighted the importance of autochthonous carbon, especially in the form of benthic algae and phytoplankton, to food webs in a variety of large rivers. However, some flexibility is apparent within food webs and several studies have identified a range of secondary carbon sources that can also be consistently important, depending on the temporal and spatial patterns of hydrogeomorphic conditions. The geographic spread of studies addressing carbon flow in large river food webs is steadily increasing, although long term data sets remain sparse. Despite this, opportunities exist to improve our understanding of historical changes in river food webs and to develop predictive models of future responses to environmental change through the use of museum collections and rehabilitation case-studies.
Urban structure and unemployment: does the urban structure in segregated neighbourhoods disconnect people from locations of employment?

In this paper advanced spatial analysis and theories will be applied in order to study to what extent segregated neighbourhoods in Sweden give access to locations of employment, and to what extent urban form encourage co-presence in local urban space. The Place Syntax Tool will be used to illustrate on a very detailed level the situation in a few neighbourhoods in the southern part of Stockholm which are characterized by low levels of employment and/or low levels of income.
Lichens in relation to management issues in the Sierra Nevada national parks

The central and southern Sierra Nevada are subjected to high levels of ozone, high and increasing nitrogen deposition, and unknown quantities of pesticides such as organophosphates from agricultural emissions in the Central Valley. Fire regimes have changed greatly over time, from relatively frequent fire historically, to fire exclusion, to its reintroduction as prescribed fire. Parts of the Sierra parks have been grazed by livestock, and some of this persists today. On top of these factors, climate is likely to change rapidly. Although a large literature exists on human impacts on lichens, almost nothing is known on this topic in the Sierra Nevada specifically. We are largely ignorant of the biodiversity, ecology, and ecological roles of lichens in the Sierra Nevada Park system (the “Sierra parks”: Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park, Yosemite National Park, and Devils Postpile National Monument ). This paper synthesizes existing data, written reports and other information about lichens in and near the Sierra Nevada parks, as a first step toward developing better baseline data and assessing lichen populations or communities as potential indicators of ecosystem change. Lichens are diverse in their ecosystem roles and functional significance. Organizing the hundreds of lichen species present in the Sierra parks into functional groups helps us to understand, interpret, inventory, and monitor the diversity of lichens. We therefore divided lichens of the Sierra parks into the following functional groups: forage lichens, nitrogen fixers, acidophiles, wolf lichens, crustose lichens on rock, crustose lichens on bark and wood, biotic soil crusts, aquatic, other green algal macrolichens, and pin lichens (calicioids). Management issues that relate to lichens include biodiversity, air quality, water quality, fire, grazing, and the possibility of draining Hetch Hetchy Reservoir. Existing lichen data from the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, of relevance to the management of Sierra parks include: extensive lichen community data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program (FIA), a few floristic studies focused on the parks, photo points on prescribed fire transects, lichen biomass estimates from four locations, elemental analysis of lichens from a small number of locations, lichen communities in relation to various nitrogen species in Kings River watershed, the Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project, Bryoria fremontii studies at Teakettle Experimental Forest, and herbarium databases. We recommend the following short list for future inventory and monitoring work: population status and trend of Bryoria fremontii , macrolichen community monitoring, revise and update the inventory of lichen biodiversity, and preliminary surveys of lichens in neglected habitats.
was accepted for publication in Self and Identity

Boredom is typically regarded a nuisance. Past research on boredom depicts this common emotion as a correlate of many detrimental psychological and social factors, including addiction, depression, discrimination, and aggression. We present a more nuanced perspective on boredom. Specifically, we propose and test that state boredom serves an important self-regulatory function with the potential to foster positive interpersonal consequences: It signals a lack of purpose in activity and fosters a search for meaningful engagement. We examined whether boredom can subsequently cause prosocial intentions if the corresponding prosocial behavior is seen as purposeful. As predicted, boredom, which is characterized by a search for meaning (Pilot Study), promoted prosocial intentions (Experiment 1), in particular when the corresponding behavior was seen as highly meaningful (Experiment 2). Our novel findings suggest that boredom can have desirable consequences, and recasts this emotion as not merely good or bad but rather as personally and socially functional.
Chaotic Disorder and Performance in High Velocity Environments: Some Coping Strategies

The current international businessenvironment suggests potentially wide performance variation for both SME and large corporations, especially as it relates to execution of strategy. This paper contends that extensive measurement at the granular level of performancereveals the strong ability to inform our understanding of chaotic structures and subsequent performance enhancements. The argument is that we often miss the trees for the forest and should engagecorrective actions using both mathematical application and managerial action in a manner similar to forest propogation and husbandry rather than more complex forestry. This paper highlights strategic areas of measurement and performance tied with chaotic structural formulae. It suggests ways to recognize poor growth that would be overlooked in an organizational pathology termed in this paper as Corporate Attention Deficit Disorder, or CADD. The paper recommends a course of action that creates the similar speeding-up interaction asMethylphenidate in humans, but hopefully without the side effects of impaired reaction or learning. To date no papers appear in ProQuest, EBSCO-Premier,AoM, SMS, DSI, or the AIB so this contribution is potentially noveland informative to managers who seek to be on the forefront of real-time evidence-based performance management. Strategies for SME and larger organizations are discussed as are the simple structured equations by Lyaponov, Poincare, Myers-Kress, and Lorenz and the nonlinear regression thatis necessary for this practice.
Effect of thermal conversion of pig manure and poultry litter on the content and mobility of Mn and Fe in biochars and in soil after their application

By-products of animal breeding and raising can contain considerable amounts of trace elements, including Mn and Fe, due to the fact that their amounts in fodders are purposefully being increased. Thermal conversion of pig manure and poultry litter may have a significant effect on changes in the content and mobility of Mn and Fe in these materials. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of thermal conversion of pig manure and poultry litter on the content and mobility of Mn and Fe in biochars and in soil after their application (0.5%, 1%, and 2% amendments to the soil). As a result of thermal conversion of pig manure and poultry litter, an increase in the content of total forms and a reduction of Mn and Fe forms extracted with water were recorded. The 2% amendment of pig manure biochar to soil caused an increase in the content of mobile forms of Fe, whereas poultry litter biochar decreased mobility of this element. Introduction of pig manure biochar and poultry litter biochar to the soil caused a similar immobilization of mobile forms of Mn as in the case of application of thermally unprocessed manure and litter. It has been shown that the content of Fe and Mn extracted with 0.025 M C 10 H 22 N 4 O 8 was higher than the content of these elements extracted with 1 M NH 4 NO 3 . ABSTRACT
Interactive comment on “Analysis of present day and future OH and methane lifetime in the ACCMIP simulations” by A. Voulgarakis et al

It is clear that this is a potentially important paper and should be valuable in informing the current IPCC. This type of paper represents an enormous amount of work involved in collating the individual results from many different models as well as running the simulations in the 1st place. I realize the authors were under a timeline to submit this paper and I commend them for getting it in on time. The paper should be published but it needs a considerable amount of work both in its presentation and the analysis. It
Securing Locations of Mobile Nodes in Wireless Mesh Network’s

The current deployment of wireless mesh networks requires mobility management to track the current locations of mobile nodes around the network without service interruption. To do so, the Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 protocol has been chosen, which minimises the required signalling by introducing a new entity called the mobile anchor point to act as a local home agent for all visiting mobile nodes in a specific domain. It allows a mobile node to register its local/regional care-of addresses with a mobile anchor point by sending a local binding update message. However, the local binding update is quite sensitive; it modifies the routing to enable mobility in the wireless mesh networks. When a local binding update message is spoofed, an attacker can redirect traffic that is destined for legitimate mobile node either to itself or to another node. This situation leads to an increased risk of attacks. Therefore, this paper contributes to addressing this security issue based on wireless mesh networks by cryptography generation and verification of a mobile node’s local and regional care-of addresses, as well as the application of a novel method to verify the reachability of mobile node at claimed local care-of address. This is called the enhanced mobile anchor point registration protocol. The Scyther tool has been used to ensure the proposed protocol accuracy. Furthermore, the performance, in terms of the mobile anchor point registration delay and signalling overhead, is evaluated by using the OPNET modeller simulator.
Modelling of the Extent of Reaction Curve for the Transesterification Process between 2-Methylpropan-1-ol and Methyl Ethanoate Aureli

Please cite this article as: Calvet-Tarragona A. , Bonet-Ruiz J., Bonet-Ruiz A. E. and Costa Lopez J., (2010), Modelling of the extent of reaction curve for the transesterification process between 2-methylpropan-1-ol and methyl ethanoate, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 1021-1026 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021171 Modelling of the Extent of Reaction Curve for the Transesterification Process between 2-Methylpropan-1-ol and Methyl Ethanoate
Analysis of Uruguayan weedy rice genetic diversity using AFLP molecular markers

Weedy rice is a serious problem in Uruguayan rice fields since intensification of rice production started about 10 years ago. The genetic diversity of 26 weedy accessions of weedy rice and 6 Uruguayan cultivars were analyzed using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphisms) methodology. Abundant polymorphisms were found among samples tested. Using different methods of analysis three groups of samples were revealed. A relationship was found between three groups and morphological traits. One group had a black hull, purple apex and long awn (wild type traits) while another group had straw hull and apex, and short or no awn (domestication traits). The third group included the cultivars analyzed and some weedy rice samples. The weedy rice in this third group is presumed to most closely mimic cultivated rice and may have recently evolved. The results suggest that weedy rice adapts either to the natural environment or to cultivation. The former type with black hull and long awn may be easy to control because it can easily be seen. The later group may be difficult to control, particularly since the weedy rices within the cluster consisting of cultivars suggest that weedy rices are continually evolving in Uruguayan rice fields. The AFLP technique is very effective for assessing genetic diversity within weedy rice and will be very useful for fingerprinting of local cultivars of rice.
The turbulent structure of the polar stable boundary layer: Wavelet transformation and multiresolution flux decomposition

In general a turbulent flow can be divided into scale regimes. The large scales, contain most of the energy and are responsible for the transport of heat, momentum and mass. The small scales include the dissipation range and the inertial range (Sreenivasan and Antonia 1997). Knowledge of small scale turbulence is mostly based on Kolmogorov’s theory (Kolmogorov 1941), but no global theory of turbulence is present. Within the stable boundary layer the turbulent fluxes are small and therefore easily affected by mesoscale fluxes. To estimate this mesoscale flux correctly, long averaging times are needed. Small scale turbulence has completely different characteristics compared to the mesoscales. As small scale turbulence is related to wind shear and temperature stratification, the mesoscales are not. For the proper investigation of small scale turbulence, especially in the (very) stable boundary layer, any contamination of mesoscale fluxes in the records should be expelled (Mahrt and Vickers 2006).
Tintinnid community structure in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the spring inter‑monsoon period

Tintinnid community structure was investigated by plankton net (20 mu m) sampling in the water column (0-200 m) at 33 stations during the spring inter-monsoon (10 March to 9 April 2012) in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. A total of 126 species belonging to 32 genera were recorded. Tintinnid abundance and biomass in the range of 193-2983 ind. m(-3) and 0.99-14.75 mu g C m(-3) were positively related to integrated chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration. Taxonomic and morphological diversity were not significantly related to integrated chl a concentration and size diversity, estimated by size-fractionated chl a concentration in the water column of 0-200 m, but were negatively correlated to the depth of the deep chlorophyll maximum. Species abundance distributions at most stations (31 of 33) and in the 3 zones-the northern zone of the equator, the southern zone of the equator (SEQ) and the equator (EQ)-followed a typical lognormal distribution. The geometric distribution gave the best fit for the distribution of lorica oral diameter size-classes in the NEQ and SEQ. Our results suggest that the community structure of tintinnids is governed by the underlying water column environment rather than by the neutral theory of random colonization from a large species pool.
Using panel data to exactly estimate under-reporting by the self-employed

The income of the self-employed is often assumed to be understated in economic statistics. Debate exists about the extent of under-reporting and the resulting measures of the size of the underground economy. This paper refines a method developed by Pissarides and Weber (1989) and uses discrepancies between food shares and reported incomes to estimate under-reporting by the self-employed. In contrast to previous studies our panel data methodology distinguishes income under-reporting from transitory income fluctuations of the self-employed, and provides an exact estimate of the degree of under-reporting rather than just an interval estimate. Using panel data from Korea and Russia we estimate that 38 percent of the income of self-employed households in Korea and 47 percent of the income of Russian self-employed households is not reported.
Simulation of suburban migration: driving forces, socio-economic characteristics, migration behaviour and resulting land-use patterns

Land-use transitions in metropolitan areas have a high impact on environment and appear as pressures on the inhabitants' living conitions. Tools are needed to support planning decisions to overcome or at least mitigate those pressures. Simulation models are such tools, generating land-use change scenarios that help to examine effects of planning strategies. This article introduces a model that establishes a multiagent system approach to achieve results for changes in land-use and migration patterns with high spatial accuracy. Details of suburban migration behaviour modelling are described with emphasis on the definition of socio-economic classes, on the detection of driving forces triggering suburban migration and on migration behaviour aspects with respect to those socio-economic classes. The model concept is presented as well as results of retrospective simulation runs for a 30-year time range that are compared with the observations of the simulation target year in order to examine the model's validity. Future scenario runs show different urban sprawl trends with either restricted or unlimited residential area zoning and higher versus lower target residential density regulations. A remarkable decrease of suburban sprawl can be achieved by applying the right planning measures, even if the numbers of migrating households remain the same.
Frequency Domain Channelizer: A computationally efficient method for non-uniform channelization

We present both, generalized theory and our implementation of a frequency domain channelizer suited for multicarrier Software Defined Radio receivers. Frequency domain channelizers fill the gap between multiple FFT/FIR-based channelizers and the polyphase channelizer considering dissimilar bandwidth carriers in a signal in terms of performance and applicability. Our open source implementation gr-FDC outperforms a combination of Frequency Xlating FFT filters at about ten channels and is introduced as an implementation example.
Leadership in Higher Education: Facts, Fictions and Futures

This special issue arose out of a symposium hosted by the editors in conjunction with the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education (LFHE) at St Georges House in Windsor Castle on 31 st March-1 st April 2008 1 . This event was conceived of partly as an opportunity to review the outcomes of a raft of research recently completed on behalf of the LFHE (see http://www.lfhe.ac.uk/research/projects for further details) as well as similar work on further education (FE), for the Centre for Excellence in Leadership (CEL), and school education, for the National College for School Leadership (NCSL). Above all, however, we saw this as an opportunity for reflection and theorisation – to consider the „big issues‟ facing our sector and to take stock of the successes, challenges and possible futures for leadership within HE.
Detailed KM3NeT optical module simulation with Geant4 and supernova neutrino detection study

A detailed Geant4 simulation originally created for ANTARES optical modules (OM) has been improved to include the KM3NeT directional OM simulation. Optical modules are reproduced following technical drawings. Standard low-energy physics processes are combined with response of bialkali photocathodes. The simulation setup is easily reconfigurable for various OMs and environments (air, water). In particular, this simulation software is used to study the feasibility of supernova neutrino detection with KM3NeT. Although KM3NeT detectors are mainly designed for high-energy neutrino detection, the MeV neutrino signal from a supernova can be identified as a simultaneous increase of the counting rate of the optical modules in the detector. The light is mainly emitted by MeV positrons produced by neutrinos interacting with free protons in water, inverse beta decay. The noise from the optical background due to K40 decays in sea water and bioluminescence can be significantly reduced by using nanosecond coincidences between the nearby placed PMTs. This technique has been tested with the ANTARES storeys consisting of three 10-inch PMTs and is optimized for the KM3NeT telescope where the directional OMs containing 31 3-inch PMT provide very promising expectations.