Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of C-16 juvenile hormone biosynthesis in active corpora allata of female African locusts

Summary Corpora allata from 8-day-old female Locusta migratoria, during the phase of yolk deposition, exhibit high rates of C-16 juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis. The effect of different potential factors which may be involved in the regulation of corpora allata activity is reported. The biosynthetic activity of corpora allata was determined by radiochemical assay. In maturing females, no changes in corpora allata activity are detected during one daily cycle. Starvation reduces JH biosynthesis only 3 days after the beginning of the food deprivation. Suppression of the median neurosecretory material by electrocoagulation of the internal cardiaca tract (TCC-I) does not disturb JH biosynthesis whereas the transection of the allata I nerve fibres (NCA-I) or the electrocoagulation of the lateral neurosecretory pericarya results in a rapid decline of JH biosynthesis. These data indicate that the median and lateral allatotropins are different, and that only the lateral neurosecretory material exerts an allatos.
Ecotourism and conservation in Amazonian Perú: short-term and long-term challenges

Several authors have suggested that ecotourism can enhance the value of intact wildlands and thereby promote conservation. Two rainforest lodges dating from the 1970s and located in southeastern Amazonian Perú have been held up as early success stories in tourism-driven conservation, but a more recent assessment reveals that both lodges have since lost their rainforest reserves to encroachment. One of the major reasons for failure was that the national land laws in effect at the time did not allow the purchase of land titles. Recently, Perú has instituted a process for the purchase of land titles in the rainforest. One lodge has used the new land tenure laws with some success to create a rainforest reserve. The very attempt to buy land for purposes of conservation can promote encroachment and land-buying speculation, and the lodge's current agreement with its neighbours to provide a school in exchange for non-encroachment is fraught with moral hazards and appears unstable over the long term. Tourism can promote conservation primarily at the national level, and ecotourism projects in the Peruvian Amazon can stabilize land-use patterns at least in the short term. However, the conservation of habitat over the long-term will rest primarily on the ability of the State to enforce a consistent land use policy with regard to land tenure and Park protection.
Roles of glial cells in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

A gap junction is the major intercellular channel that facilitates direct signaling between cytoplasmic compartments of adjacent cells by transferring various small molecules (approximately 1 kDa) and ions. A gap junction consists of a pair of hemichannels, each of which is a hexameric cluster of protein subunits named connexin. Besides the functional gap junction with the coupled hemichannels, the uncoupled “free” hemichannels also facilitate two‐way transfer of molecules between the cytosol and extracellular space. Both gap junctions and hemichannels form the neuron–glia network, and contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis by propagating signals and buffering against toxins in the central nervous system. In contrast, recent evidence has also shown that microglial glutamate from hemichannels induces neuronal damage, and death signals are propagated from damaged cells to neighboring cells through gap junctions, suggesting that gap junctions and hemichannels are involved in the initiation and amplification of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Understanding the precise pathological roles of gap junctions and . hemichannels might lead to a new therapeutic approach that could slow and halt the progression of various neurological disorders.
Mechanistic and genetic aspects of susceptibility of Ldl to oxidation

The susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation shows marked differences between individuals. These differences may be due to the manifestation of characteristic properties of LDL, determined at least in part by genetic factors. Dense LDL, predominant in phenotype B, is more susceptible to oxidation than the less dense LDL, predominant in phenotype A. Studies on the basis of such differences, population studies and case-control studies would benefit from a better knowledge of the mechanism of LDL oxidation, a clear definition of the term 'susceptibility to oxidation' and a consensus on fully standardized assays. On the basis of a theoretical concept, we discuss mechanistic aspects of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)- and Cu2 +-mediated LDL oxidation and some factors controlling the rate of LDL oxidation.
A METHOD OF SELECTING AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR THE TASK COMPLETION BASED ON A PRIOR EVALUATION OF IMAGE QUALITY

The article is devoted to the topic of current interest, namely the selection of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to perform the task of a prior evaluation of image quality. The article analyzes the current condition of UAVs development and the range of tasks that are assigned to them. It is emphasized that the main task of a UAV at the present stage is aerial photography, the result of which is obtained images of the Earth‘s underlying terrain in a target area. The basic approaches to the aerial photography quality evaluation were considered. Their advantages and disadvantages were highlighted. The main quality performance criteria of photography by means of UAV were introduced, the most relevant ones were picked out for the task accomplishment. The evaluation of the aerial photography quality by using UAVs is presented as a multi-criteria decision-making task. The modern approaches to optimization of multicriteria solutions were reviewed and there was introduced an acceptable optimization model, with the help of which it became possible to automate the selection of UAV type for the assigned task. The main obtained results were analyzed and the steps of future research for solving the given tasks were developed.
Lab Networks in Engineering Education: A Proposed Structure for Organizing Information

Experimentation plays an essential role in engineering education, allowing to balance theoretical proofs and emphasis on physical intuition. Laboratories can fulfil several goals at once, but they also involve high costs, mostly due to equipment, space, and human resources for operating and maintaining them. Remote-access labs have been proposed as a feasible alternative: developed since the early 2000s by an ever-increasing research community, they are real or virtual labs accessible at distance through a computer network. Recently, alternative bibliometric taxonomies and classifications of current networked remote-access labs have been proposed. Yet, none of these works proposes a comprehensive structure to collect and organize the information, especially from a technical perspective, aiming at the definition of the state of the art and future outlooks of provided solutions. In the present work, we fill this gap extending previous works by enlarging their set of criteria towards a general multi-layer model for networked remote-access labs. We performed a systematic review of relevant literature to retrieve useful information to design the structure and then validated it by using a mini-Delphi method.
Factors influencing concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in organisms from an estuarine ecosystem

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were detected in both the abiotic and biotic components of the Brisbane River estuary. Maximum average concentrations were detected in the muscle tissue of pelican (8.2 mg kg-1), gull (2.6 mg kg-1) and catfish (2.1 mg kg-1). Biomagnification was shown not to be a significant factor controlling PCB concentrations in the organisms investigated except in pelicans and gulls. In these cases, estimates of uptake from food sources indicated that biomagnification could be the major process involved. Metabolism or excretion was also found to influence the observed PCB composition of these organisms. Field and laboratory data indicated that, with some benthic organisms, sediment concentrations were the major influence on body concentrations of PCB's and a direct relationship between body concentration and the log of sediment concentration was established. Further laboratory experiments indicated that the uptake of individual PCB's was influenced primarily by two factors: the partition coefficient of n-octanol to water (p) and stereochemical effects. A direct relationship between uptake and the product of log p and the steric effect coefficient was demonstrated. Thus, maximum uptake was found with penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls, predominant in Arochlor 1254. Comparatively less uptake was found with di-, tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls (Arochlor 1242), which have lower values for log p, and hepta- and octachlorobiphenyls, predominant in Arochlor 1260, which have lower steric effect coefficients.
The Decline and Fall of the Pribilof Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus): A Simulation Study

A mathematical model incorporating the basic life history features of the North Pacific fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) approximated the decline of the Pribilof Islands population by reconstructing pup estimates and counts of adult males over the period 1950 to 1987. Simulation results suggest that commercial female harvesting and a series of poor juvenile survival rates were responsible for causing and maintaining the observed decline in pup production on St. Paul Island from 1956 to 1970. A more recent drop in pup production since 1976 is also attributed to poor juvenile survival, but with the addition of higher natural mortalities of adult females. It appears that the natural mortality of adult females may have increased by 2 to 5% beginning in the mid 1970s. We suspect reductions in the fur seal food base and entanglement-related mortality associated with commercial fishing in the North Pacific are contributing to the current decline, although neither possibility has yet been clearly demonstrated.
The utilization of organosulphonates by soil and freshwater bacteria

Utilization of the biogenic aliphatic organosulphonates taurine, isethionate, sulphoacetaldehyde and sulphoacetate was investigated in 100 soil and freshwater bacteria isolated on modified complete mineral salts medium. More than 90% could use all the compounds as sole sulphur sources, and some 10% used taurine and isethionate as sole carbon and energy, or sole carbon, energy and sulphur sources. None could mineralize sulphoacetaldehyde or sulphoacetate; however, two isolates capable of growth on sulphoacetate as sole carbon, energy and sulphur source were obtained by enrichment culture. The results suggest that in the majority of environmental bacteria the pathways of organosulphonate biodegradation may be independently controlled by the supply of carbon and sulphur to the cell, and that a number of routes may exist for cleavage of the organosulphonate C–S bond.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PHEROMONE TRAPS FOR THE PEA MOTH, CYDIA NIGRICANA (F.)

Interactions between pheromone traps were investigated in a series of trap spacing experiments involving the pea moth, Cydia nigricana. Central traps in circles or lines of traps, always caught fewer moths than isolated traps. This effect was significant even when the radius of the circle or the spacing in the line was 100 m, indicating a range of attraction of at least this distance. In lines of three traps across the wind, the central trap caught fewer moths than the outer traps. In similar lines along the wind, the upwind trap caught more moths than either the central or downwind traps, whose catches were equal. An explanation for these results is proposed, based on overlapping trapping zones, and supported by independent field observations. The implications of these results for pheromone trapping in general are discussed.
Effect of Population Density on the Pituitary-Adrenal Cortical Axis of Cockerels

Abstract IN RECENT years there has been considerable interest in the effects of crowding on broiler production. Tomhave and Seegar (1945) found that decreased floor space resulted in lower body weight, increased mortality and poorer feed conversion. Heishman et al. (1952) reported no significant differences in the number of culls, mortality, cannibalism or dressed quality as area was reduced from 1.0 to 0.5 square foot per bird, but body weights were reduced as population density increased. Although viability was good in New Hampshires and crossbreds, Hartung (1955) noted a reduction in “Grade A” carcasses in more concentrated flocks. Siegel and Coles (1958) found no significant differences in the weights or feed conversions of broilers grown at floor space levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.25 square feet per bird. It seems probable that much of the contradictory nature of these reports may be the result of differences in genetic stock and management …
Exchange rates, Canadian lumber imports, and United States prices: a time-series analysis

Softwood lumber imports by the United States from Canada more than doubled during the past 10 years. The objective of this paper was to investigate two possible reasons for this change: (i) the increase in value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar, and (ii) the rise in the price of softwood lumber in the United States. The method used was time-series analysis, leading to measures of feedback and long-term multipliers between imports, exchange rate, and U.S. price. The results, based on monthly data from January 1974 to January 1986, suggested that 68% of the rise in Canadian imports during this period was due to the rise in the price of softwood lumber in the United States. The exchange rate, however, was not found to have a significant effect on imports. The findings also indicate that the increase in imports has not led to a decline in the price received by U.S. producers.
Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour Dough and the Relationship with Bread Volume. I. Creep-Recovery Measurements

ABSTRACT The rheological properties of 17 pure European wheat cultivars were analyzed and evaluated in relation to the bread volume. Rheological testing included two empirical rheological methods, farinograph and alveograph, and more fundamental creep-recovery experiments at shear stresses of 100 and 250 Pa. Principal component analysis on the farinograph and alveograph results showed that a wide range of rheological properties was present among the wheat cultivars. Correlation analysis pointed out that creep-recovery parameters showed significant correlations with protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, farinograph water absorption, alveograph extensibility, and bread volume. Among the rheological parameters, maximum recovery strain at a shear stress of 250 Pa showed the highest significant correlation with the bread volume (r = 0.790**). Variables were combined to predict the bread volume by multiple linear regression. A combination of protein content, farinograph water absorption, and alveograph P.
Interpretive structural modeling of critical factors for buyer-supplier partnerships in supply chain management

Article history: Received November 28, 2019 Received in revised format January 30, 2020 Accepted February 11 2020 Available online February 11 2020 In today’s complex and competitive environment, supply function becomes more a strategic differentiator and a core competency. This function is strongly related to relationship between buyer and supplier. In addition, buyer supplier relationships (BSR) have undertaken considerable changes during the last decade. Although previous empirical research has found the importance of identifying factors that influence BSR, the present paper analyses the factors influencing the successful relationship between buyer and seller. Based on the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), the complex interrelationships between the established factors are inspected . Classification of factors has been carried out based on dependence and driving power by using MICMAC analysis. The present study highlights “Innovation and technology” and “Information exchange” as the most significant factors with high influential power for the BSR. This study aims to aid the decision makers (buyer or supplier) in evolving effective business strategies.
Studies on ultrasmall bacteria in relation to the presence of bacteria in the stratosphere

Abstract Recent studies confirm that bacteria exist in the stratosphere. It is generally assumed that these bacteria are exiting from Earth, although it is possible that some are incoming from space. Most stratospheric bacterial isolates belong to the spore-forming genus Bacillus, although non-spore formers have also been isolated. Theoretically, the smaller a bacterium is, the more likely it is to be carried from Earth to the stratosphere. Ultrasmall bacteria have been frequently isolated from Earth environments, but not yet from the stratosphere. This is an anomalous situation, since we would expect such small bacteria to be over represented in the stratosphere-microflora. Here, we show that ultrasmall bacteria are present in the environment on Earth (i.e. in seawater and rainwater) and discuss the paradox of why they have not been isolated from the stratosphere.
Salicylate Inhibits Growth of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi and Synergistically Enhances the Activity of Other Antifungal Materials In Vitro

ABSTRACT We conducted dose-response studies of the toxicity of salicylate (SA; a putative signal molecule for enhancement of plant disease resistance [EPDR]) toward plant-pathogenic fungi. SA concentrations ≥10.0 mM were required for complete inhibition of fungal growth from mycelial plugs. SA doses of 2.0–5.0 mM typically reduced fungal growth by 50%, whereas doses of 0.5 mM or lower had little or no effect on fungal growth. However, growth of several test fungi was completely inhibited by 2.0 mM SA combined with concentrations of cupric chloride, antifungal bacterial culture fluids, or neem extract that were otherwise only slightly to moderately inhibitory. We conclude that (1) endogenous SA concentrations (up to 10.0–100.0 μM) are unlikely to directly inhibit fungi in plants, (2) concentrations of exogenous SA applied for EPDR (2.0–10.0 mM) are likely to be only moderately inhibitory to fungi, and (3) additions of other antifungal materials with which SA synergizes may enhance the antifungal activity of SA applied to plant surfaces for EPDR. The latter conclusion provides a rationale for further study of the synergistic interactions of moderately active antifungal materials for practical plant disease control.
Status of engineering change management in the engineer-to-order production environment: insights from a multiple case study

Engineering Changes (ECs) are a fact of life for companies in the Engineer-To-Order (ETO) production environment. Various Engineering Change Management (ECM) strategies, practices and tools exist, but no explicit distinction has been made regarding ECM in different production environments. Using a multiple case study method, this article investigates how ETO companies manage ECs and how ETO characteristics influence ECM. A generic ECM framework was developed and used to map ECM in the cases. The study showed that ETO companies use similar practices for handling ECs, while ECM tools are either not used by the companies or used to a very limited extent. It was found that the use of some ECM practices and tools is complicated by specific ETO company characteristics. However, no reasons were found for the lack of computer-based tools, change propagation and impact assessment tools, change reduction and front-loading tools, and design tools. This suggests, firstly, that there is vast room for improvement in ETO companies when it comes to ECM; and secondly, that the applicability of such tools should be further tested in the ETO environment. Based on the findings, some suggestions as to how ECM can be improved in ETO companies are given to practitioners.
Modelling the effects of establishing a marine reserve for mobile fish species

We present a model of the effects of a marine reserve on spawning stock biomass (SSB) and short- and long-term yield for a size-structured species that exhibits seasonal movements. The model considers the effects of protecting nursery and (or) spawning grounds under a range of fishing mortalities and fish mobility rates. We consider two extremes of effort redistribution following reserve establishment and analyze the effects of a reserve when the fishery targets either mature or immature fish. We apply the model to the Mediterranean hake (Merluccius merluccius) and show that a marine reserve could be highly beneficial for this species. We demonstrate benefits from reserves not just for overexploited stocks of low-mobility species, but also (to a lesser extent) for underexploited stocks and high-mobility species. Greatly increased resilience to overfishing is also found in the majority of cases. We show that a reserve provides benefits additional to those obtained from simple effort control. Benefits from .
Comparative study of finite element analysis software packages

research of the work is dedicated on comparing the abilities of Finite Element Analysis of software packages Abaqus (Computer-aided engineering), Ansys (Mechanical), SOLIDWORKS and Inventor Nastran. The next software packages were selected as they are the popular products in the market today. In the Introduction the meaning of Finite Element Analysis tool is explained. Abaqus (Computer-aided engineering), Ansys (Mechanical), SOLIDWORKS, Inventor Nastran are described in the part of Literature review. From point of view their capabilities and specific features by compared to each other. Using the available data form the software packages the comparison took place. The outcome of the research illustrated that all four software packages capabilities are almost the same. However, the most diverse from the list was SOLIDWORKS. Abaqus (Computer-aided engineering), Ansys (Mechanical), Inventor Nastran has similar abilities. The difference was that Inventor Nastran is not capable of performing acoustic analysis. SOLIDWORKS differ from others in terms of it does not performs acoustic, Electric/magnetic Fluid flow and Fluid structure interaction. it also was point out that limited versions, that come free has some restriction when dealing with mesh. It was said that limitation constrains the quantity of nodes in the structure, which limits the analysis. By last the results, it was observed from the given data that SOLIDWORKS is aimed mainly on modeling a part or assembling the whole structure and doing available analysis in it. Hence SOLIDWORKS is marketed and aimed on modelling and assembly the other three software packages Abaqus (Computer-aided engineering), Ansys (Mechanical) and Inventor Nastran are analysis tools, which are utilized by the investigators and industry.