Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New indicators of illegal drug use to compare drug user populations for policy evaluation

Background: New trends in drug consumption show a trend towards higher poly-use. Epidemiological indicators presently used are mostly based on the prevalence of users of the “main” substances and the ranking of harm caused by drug use is based on a single substance analysis. Methods: In this paper new indicators are proposed; the approach consider the segmentation of the population with respect to the frequency of use in the last 30 days and the harm score of the various substances used by a poly-user. Scoring is based on single substance score table reported in recent papers and principal component analysis is applied to reduce dimensionality. Any user ischaracterized by the two new scores: frequency of use score and poly-use score. Results: The method is applied to the drug user populations interviewed in Communities and Low Threshold Services within the Problem Drug Use 2012 survey in four different European countries. The comparison of the poly-use score cumulative distributions gives insight about behavioural trends of drug use and also evaluate the efficacy of the intervention services. Furthermore, the application of this method to School Population Survey 2011 data allows a definition of the expected behaviour of the poly-drug score for the General Population Survey to be representative. Conclusions: In general, the method is simply and intuitive, and could be applied to surveys containing questions about drug use. A possible limitations could be that the median is chosen for calculating the frequency of use score in questionnaires containing the frequency of drug use in classes.
Energetics suggest cause for even further conservation concern for Temminck’s ground pangolin

Conservation of rare and declining species requires reliable information about life‐history traits and population growth characteristics. Unfortunately, long‐term studies necessary to obtain such data are often difficult or impossible for species of concern. In such cases, data that can be collected during limited capture events can serve as valuable proxies. We measured metabolic characteristics of Temminck’s ground pangolin Smutsia temminckii because metabolic traits provide clues about relative gestation length, reproductive output and population growth, all of which were largely unknown for this species. As expected, both basal and field metabolic rates are considerably lower than would be predicted from body mass alone, suggesting pangolins are likely to have slow life histories and low intrinsic population growth. Such characteristics suggest Temminck’s ground pangolins (and likely all pangolins) are less able to persist under heavy poaching and trafficking than other similarly sized mammals and will likely recover slowly even if poaching and trafficking are stopped. While physiological data cannot be used to directly calculate population growth rates, we believe they may provide a tangible data source to inform management decisions for critically endangered, difficult‐to‐study species.
Mechanism and Functions of Identified miRNAs in Poultry Skeletal Muscle Development – A Review

Abstract Development of the skeletal muscle goes through several complex processes regulated by numerous genetic factors. Although much efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms involved in increased muscle yield, little work is done about the miRNAs and candidate genes that are involved in the skeletal muscle development in poultry. Comprehensive research of candidate genes and single nucleotide related to poultry muscle growth is yet to be experimentally unraveled. However, over a few periods, studies in miRNA have disclosed that they actively participate in muscle formation, differentiation, and determination in poultry. Specifically, miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206 influence tissue development, and they are highly expressed in the skeletal muscles. Candidate genes such as CEBPB, MUSTN1, MSTN, IGF1, FOXO3, mTOR, and NFKB1, have also been identified to express in the poultry skeletal muscles development. However, further researches, analysis, and comprehensive studies should be made on the various miRNAs and gene regulatory factors that influence the skeletal muscle development in poultry. The objective of this review is to summarize recent knowledge in miRNAs and their mode of action as well as transcription and candidate genes identified to regulate poultry skeletal muscle development.
Physiopathologie des déficits moteurs dans les troubles du spectre autistique : approche neuroanatomique dans deux modèles environnementaux

Les troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) sont une pathologie psychiatrique neurodeveloppementale dont les premiers signes apparaissent des l’enfance et persistent tout au long de la vie. Leur etiologie complexe reste encore tres mal connue et les donnees actuelles n’ont pas permis a ce jour de developper des traitements curatifs.L’objectif de cette these etait d’identifier les reseaux neuronaux impliques dans les symptomes moteurs afin de proposer une nouvelle piste diagnostique et d’ouvrir de nouvelles voies therapeutiques ciblant ces reseaux. Nous avons donc explore par une approche neuroanatomique, les regions contribuant au controle moteur : le cervelet, la substance noire pars compacta, le striatum et le cortex moteur. Cette etude a ete realisee sur deux modeles murins environnementaux lies a une exposition in utero soit a une molecule pharmacologique utilisee comme traitement antiepileptique : l’acide valproique, soit a un agent pathogene mimant une infection virale : l’acide polyinosinique:polycytidylique. Nos resultats indiquent des pertes neuronales restrictives dans le cervelet et dans le cortex moteur qui dependent du sexe des animaux et du modele. Ils refletent alors l’heterogeneite retrouvee chez les patients selon les syndromes ainsi que les differences entre les hommes et les femmes. Nous avons egalement montre que cette perte neuronale pouvait etre liee a la fois aux deficits moteurs et sociaux. Ainsi, ces regions cerebrales pourraient servir de cible therapeutique pour pallier a ces symptomes des TSA.
Hereditary antithrombin III deficiency and pregnancy: report of two cases and review of the literature.

: The pregnancy and the serum antithrombin III levels during the antenatal and postpartum period of two patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency is described. Both antithrombin III antigen and activity levels dropped to their lowest levels immediately after delivery. A review of the literature emphasizes the high risk for thromboembolism in patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency. Important considerations for the obstetrician concerning hereditary antithrombin III deficiency are discussed, including: 1) the need to therapeutically anticoagulate these patients postpartum, 2) the need to consider prophylactic anticoagulation throughout pregnancy especially in patients with a history of thrombosis, 3) the practical aspects of assaying antithrombin III in plasma rather than serum, 4) the normally low antithrombin III levels in normal newborns, and 5) the need to provide prepregnancy counseling, including information about the autosomal dominant inheritance of hereditary antithrombin III deficiency.
Grain Transportation Policy and Transformation in Western Canadian Agriculture

This paper provides an overview of grain transportation policy in Canada over the last 100 years, including the inception of the Crow Rate, the replacement of the Crow Rate with the Western Grain Transportation Act(WGTA), and finally, the repeal of the WGTA. Particular emphasis is placed on the structural change to the western agricultural economy that occurred following repeal of the WGTA in 1995. When grain transportation subsidies were removed, industry responded quickly to market signals through a diversification of crop patterns, an increase in livestock production, and an increase in value-added processing. Key Words: transportation policy, diversification, structural change
Phylogeny of Libellulidae: are there relationships between molecular phylogenetics and morphological analysis of wing shape of dragonflies?

Background: Establishing the species limits and resolving phylogenetic relationships are primary goals of taxonomists and evolutionary biologists. At present, a controversial question is about interspecific phylogenetic information in morphological features. Are the interspecific relationships established based on genetic information consistent with the traditional classification system? To address these problems, this study analyzed the wing shape structure of 10 species of Libellulidae, explored the relationship between wing shape and dragonfly behavior and living habits, and established an interspecific morphological relationship tree based on wing shape data. By analyzing the sequences of mitochondrial COI gene and the nuclear genes 18S, 28S rRNA and ITS in 10 species of dragonflies, the interspecific relationship was established. Method: The wing shape information of the male forewings and hindwings was obtained by the geometric morphometrics method. The inter-species wing shape relationship was obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) in MorphoJ1.06 software. The inter-species wing shape relationship tree was obtained by cluster analysis (UPGMA) using Mesquite3.2 software. The COI, 18S, ITS and 28S genes of 10 species dragonfly were blasted and processed by BioEdit v6 software. The maximum parsimony (MP) tree was established by Puap4.0 software. The Bayes inference (BI) tree was established by MrBayes 3.2. 6 in Geneious software. Results: The main difference in forewings among the 10 species of dragonfly was the apical, radial and discoidal regions dominated by the wing nodus. In contrast, the main difference among the hindwings was the apical and anal regions dominated by the wing nodus. The change in wing shape was closely related to the ability of dragonfly to migrate. The interspecific relationship based on molecular data showed that the species of Orthetrum genus branched independently of the other species. Compared to the molecular tree of 10 species, the wing shape clustering showed some phylogenetic information on the forewing shape (with large differences in the forewing shape tree vs. molecular tree), and there was no interspecific phylogenetic information of the hindwing shape tree vs. molecular tree. Conclusion: The dragonfly wing shape characteristics are closely related to its migration ability. Species with strong ability to migrate have the forewing shape that is longer and narrower, and have larger anal region, whereas the species that prefer short-distance hovering or standing still for a long time have forewing that are wider and shorter, and the anal region is smaller. Integrating morphological and molecular data to evaluate the relationship among dragonfly species shows there is some interspecific phylogenetic information in the forewing shape and none in the hindwing shape. The various regions of the forewing and hindwing are inconsistent, which may be due to their different functions.
Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness Review: Executive Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation

This executive summary provides an overview of the Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness review process, a summary of the review results, and a link to more detailed information. Overall, the review identified impact studies with high or moderate ratings for seven home visiting models: Early Head Startâ€”Home Visiting, Family Check-Up, Healthy Families America, Healthy Steps, Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters, Nurse Family Partnership, and Parents as Teachers.
Eugene Braunwald and the Rise of Modern Medicine

Thomas H Lee. Published by Harvard University Press, 2013. Hardback, 400 pages. ISBN: 978-0674724976, £25.95. In this biography of one of the greatest leaders in modern cardiology, Thomas Lee places the details of Eugene Braunwald's career in the context of the major advances in cardiovascular medicine over the past 70 years. This dual personal and global perspective provides an inspirational story of personal achievement, as well as illustrating the major paradigm changes that occurred in cardiovascular research, clinical care and medical education over this time period. For those of us who lived through some of those years, this book encapsulates the changes we experienced and reminds us how much cardiovascular medicine has changed – very little of …
Transcriptomic analysis of native versus cultured human and mouse dorsal root ganglia focused on pharmacological targets

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons detect sensory inputs and are crucial for pain processing. They are often studied in vitro as dissociated cell cultures with the assumption that this reasonably represents in vivo conditions. However, to our knowledge, no study has ever directly compared genome-wide transcriptomes of DRG tissue in vivo versus in vitro, or between different labs and culturing protocols. We extracted bilateral lumbar DRG from C57BL6/J mice and human organ donors, and acutely froze one side and processed the other side as a dissociated cell culture, which was then maintained in vitro for 4 days. RNA was extracted and sequenced using the NextSeq Illumina platform. Comparing native to cultured human or mouse DRG, we found that the overall expression level of many ion channels and GPCRs specifically expressed in neurons is markedly lower in culture, but still expressed. This suggests that most pharmacological targets expressed in vivo are present in culture conditions. However, there are changes in expression levels for these genes. The reduced relative expression for neuronal genes in human DRG cultures is likely accounted for by increased expression of genes in fibroblast-like and other proliferating cells, consistent with the mitotic status of many cells in these cultures. We did find a subset of genes that are typically neuronally expressed, increased in human and mouse DRG cultures, including genes associated with nerve injury and/or inflammation in preclinical models such as BDNF, MMP9, GAL, and ATF3. We also found a striking upregulation of a number of inflammation-associated genes in DRG cultures, although many were different between mouse and human. Our findings suggest an injury-like phenotype in DRG cultures that has important implications for the use of this model system for pain drug discovery.
Correlação entre as avaliações radiológicas, clínicas e funcionais das alterações pulmonares em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística

Objetivo: rever a literatura, verificando o papel da tomografia computadorizada de alta resolucao (TCAR) do torax no acompanhamento de criancas e adolescentes com fibrose cistica. Metodo: o levantamento bibliografico foi realizado a partir das informacoes disponibilizadas pelas bases de dados Medline, MD Consult, Highwire, Medscape, LILACS e por pesquisa direta dos ultimos 10 anos, utilizando-se os termos cystic fibrosis, tomography, spirometry e children. Resultados: foram selecionados 21 artigos originais em revisao nao sistematica. A TCAR do torax e um bom metodo, uma vez que e preconizada para a avaliacao do parenquima pulmonar, devido ascaracteristicas do comprometimento pulmonar na fibrose cistica. Permite a identificacao das principais alteracoes relacionadas a fibrose cistica: bronquiectasias, espessamento peribronquico, plugs mucosos e hiperinsuflacao/enfisema, alem de consolidacoes, atelectasias e lesoes bolhosas. Realizada na rotina para determinar as alteracoes estruturais pulmonares, a TCAR tambem tem indicacao nos casos de piora clinica significativa, independentemente da idade do paciente. A questao sobre o melhor momento para sua realizacao tambem carece de estudos clinicos e normalmente e baseada em protocolos de servicos. Estudos comparativos entre a espirometria e o escore clinico-radiologico de Shwachman-Kulczycki mostraram forte correlacaopositiva entre este e o volume expiratorio forcado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) (r=0,75, P<0,001 e r=0,50, P0,01). Porem, enquanto a TCAR mostrou alteracoes estruturais significativas, a espirometria exibiu minima progressao ou pouca melhora no padrao. Muita atencao deve ser dada a questao da radiacao ionizante e a quantidade de radiacao a que o paciente e exposto. Conclusao: nao ha ainda papel definido para a TCAR no acompanhamento aos pacientes com fibrose cistica. A medida que tecnicas de baixa dose sao desenvolvidas, pode-se vislumbrar aTCAR como um excelente metodo de avaliacao do comprometimento pulmonar dos jovens menores de seis anos e, por isso, impossibilitados de realizar as provas de funcao pulmonar
Analysis of Impact of Remittance on Poverty in Nigeria

This study analyzes the impact of remittances on poverty in Nigeria, using data from the 2004 Nigerian National Living Standard Survey (NNLSS). The paper used a multinomial logit model with instrumental variables and the propensity score matching (PSM) method to estimate the impact of remittances on poverty. The use of these methods was based on two reasons. The first is to control for the problems of selectivity and endogeneity. The second is the fact that the implicit hypothesis of estimating the expenditures of the counterfactual group, as done in some previous studies, is in similarity between the group that receives remittances (treated) and the other that does not (untreated). The study finds that both internal and international remittances reduce the incidence, depth and severity of poverty. The statistical tests show a significant Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT), due to internal and external remittances. The receipt of internal remittances reduces the poverty headcount by 11.14% and poverty gap by 9.7% while the receipt of international remittances makes poverty indices almost nil.
Diseases of the inner ear : a clinical, radiologic, and pathologic atlas

Temporal Bone Tumors and Metastatic Disease. - Cholesteatoma and Its Complications. - Anomalies of the Inner Ear. - Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. - Trauma to the Inner Ear. - Otosclerosis. - Presbycusis. - Meniere's Syndrome. - Benign Positional Vertigo. - Meningioma. - Vestibular Schwannoma. - Other Cranial Nerve Schwannomas and Paragangliomas. - Ototoxicity.
LncRNA-UCA1 inhibits the astrocyte activation in the temporal lobe epilepsy via regulating JAK/STAT signaling pathway

This article aimed to reveal the mechanism of Urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) regulated astrocyte activation in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) rats via JAK/STAT signaling pathway. A model of TLE was established based on rats via kainic acid (KA) injection. All rats were divided into sham group, KA group, normal control (NC) + KA group and UCA1 + KA group. The Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats, and the expression of UCA1 in hippocampus was determined by qRT-PCR. Surviving neurons were counted by Nissl staining, and expression of glial cells glial fibrillary acidic protein, p-JAK1, and p-STAT and glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. A rat model of TLE was established by intraperitoneal injection of KA. QRT-PCR and fluorescence study showed that UCA1 inhibited astrocyte activation in hippocampus of epileptic rats. Meanwhile, the MWM analysis indicated that UCA1 improved the learning and memory in epilepsy rats. Moreover, the Nissl staining showed that UCA1 might has protective effect on neuronal injury induced by KA injection. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis revealed that the overexpression of UCA1 inhibited KA-induced abnormal elevation of GLAST, astrocyte activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, as well as hippocampus of epilepsy rats. UCA1 inhibited hippocampal astrocyte activation and GLAST expression in TLE rats via regulating JAK/STAT signaling, and improved the adverse reactions caused by epilepsy.
Non-Conventional Standpoint on Spin Crossovers in the Organometallic Compounds of Iron Group

We have considered the spin crossover (SC) complex compounds containing spin-active metal ions of iron group, which can induce the spin transitions (ST) of high spin (HS) – low spin (LS) type under influence of temperature (TIST), pressure (PIST) or light (LIESST) from non-conventional point of view. We have analyzed the physical peculiarities of the studied ST systems observed in numerous papers for X ray, spectral, calorimetric and magnetic measurements. On this basis, we suppose that ST (for example, in bulk of SC compounds with TIST) can be considered as phase transitions (PT) of post-critical type (PCT)
ISOLASI FLAVONOID TOTAL KULIT BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt.) DAN UJI DAYA TABIR SURYA DALAM KRIM

Senyawa flavonoid sebagai tabir surya telah dapat di isolasi dari fraksi etil asetat kulit buah naga. Daya tabir surya senyawa flavonoid tersebut diuji secara in vitro . Senyawa flavonoid tersebut dideteksi dengan kromatografi kertas dan pengujian aktivitas tabir surya dengan Spektrofotometri UV. Hasil pengujian dengan spektrofotometri UV menunjukkan adanya nilai SPF dari fraksi etil asetat dan formula. Nilai SPF yang diperoleh dari fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 200 µg/ml adalah 3,899 dan dari FO 1 ; FO 2 ; FO 3 dengan konsentrasi 400 µg/ml adalah 2,558 ; 1,967 ; 4,305. Nilai SPF dari fraksi etil asetat termasuk kedalam kategori minimal, nilai SPF dari formula tabir surya termasuk kedalam kategori minimal sampai sedang terhadap daya perlindungan kulit dari pengaruh radiasi ultraviolet.
Blood stem cell transplants

List of contributors Preface List of abbreviations 1. Overview of blood stem cell transplants R. P. Gale, P. Henon and C. A. Juttner Part I. Concepts: 2. History of blood stem cell transplants M. Korbling and T. M. Fliedner 3. Stem and progenitor cells in the blood C. J. Eaves and A. C. Eaves 4. Isolating stem and progenitor cells W. Bensinger 5. Growth factors and blood stem cells D. W. Maher, W. P. Sheridan and A. M. Gianni 6. Mobilizing and collecting blood stem cells L. B. To 7. Minimal residual disease and blood stem cell transplants J. G. Sharp and A. Kessinger 8. Blood versus bone marrow transplants M. Korbling, C. Juttner, P. Henon and A. Kessinger Part II. Clinical Trials: 9. Blood stem cell transplants in acute leukemia C. A. Juttner 10. Blood stem cell transplants in chronic myelogenous leukemia C. Hoyle and J. M. Goldman 11. Blood stem cell transplants in lymphomas A. Kessinger and J. O. Armitage 12. Blood stem cell transplants in breast cancer K. H. Antman 13. Blood stem cell transplants in myeloma B. Barlogie, J. -P. Fermand, P. Henon, J. Reiffers and S. Jagannath Part III. Summary: 14. Blood stem cell transplants: current state future directions C. A. Juttner, P. Henon and R. P. Gale Index.
Tuberculosis screening in multiple sclerosis: effect of disease-modifying therapies and lymphopenia on the prevalence of indeterminate TB screening results in the clinical setting

Background Tuberculosis screening is recommended in multiple sclerosis patients starting certain disease-modifying therapies. Disease-modifying therapies may affect interferon-gamma release assay results. Objective To determine the effects of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies on interferon-gamma release assay results. Methods Indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay results among multiple sclerosis patients were compared across disease-modifying therapies by Fisher’s exact test. Logistic regression evaluated the effects of lymphopenia on interferon-gamma release assay results. Results A total of 1058 patients underwent interferon-gamma release assay: 2.0% (21) positive, 6.1% (65) indeterminate, with 59.4% (628) on disease-modifying therapies. Results were significantly different across disease-modifying therapies (P = 0.002). Absolute lymphocyte count less than 0.5 k/μL had 9.39 times (95% confidence interval 5.2–17.0) increased odds of indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay results. Conclusions Disease-modifying therapies affecting lymphocytes had a higher risk of indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay results.