Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exercise on Appetite and Food Intake Regulation

Abstract In this review, we discuss the effects of acute and chronic exercise on appetite and food intake regulation, the potential mechanisms involved and its relationship with hormonal and metabolic changes that affect energy balance. The mechani-sms of post exercise short-term appetite modification remain unclear and although the role of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides is possible hypotheses, it still remains unproven. Motivation to eat and food intake in response to acute exercise seem to be modulated by gender, body weight and eating behavior. In general, acute exercise has no effect on subsequent El in men, whereas in women an increase in EI is usually observed, either decreasing or abolishing the effects of exercise on EB. Normal weight women, unlike men, report an increased palatability of foods with exercise and do not experience the transient suppression of hunger observed immediately after exercise. The evidence to date emphasizes the need to increase physical exercise levels, particularly because of the high prevalence of obesity. More research is needed to explain the mechanisms behind the post exercise adjustments in short-term appetite control, and their long-term consequences.
The medical career choice motivations — Results from a Hungarian study

Some decades ago being a medical doctor was characterized unambiguously as a profession that offers help and serves the patients’ needs during medical treatment. In today’s society, this image of the medical profession has been substantially changed. The present paper aims to examine medical career choice motivations and preferences of choosing speciality, in the light of current social and economic changes in Hungary. The study was carried out by using a voluntary, self-administrated, questionnaire among first-year medical students and resident doctors in four medical faculties in Hungary. The career choice motivations of the first-year medical students and resident doctors are similar and match to the traditional health profession career choice motivations. Nevertheless the first-year students consider high income as one of the most important factors. They appear more conscious and more ambitious regarding their future speciality choice. The Hungarian health care system and medical education must be prepared for the presence of students that are aware of the high market value of a medical diploma, have excellent language skills, and consider migration as one main factor in their motivation when choosing a medical profession.
A fast sensor for in vivo quantification of cytosolic phosphate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Eukaryotic metabolism consists of a complex network of enzymatic reactions and transport processes which are distributed over different subcellular compartments. Currently, available metabolite measurement protocols allow to measure metabolite whole cell amounts which hinder progress to describe the in vivo dynamics in different compartments, which are driven by compartment specific concentrations. Phosphate (Pi) is an essential component for: (1) the metabolic balance of upper and lower glycolytic flux; (2) Together with ATP and ADP determines the phosphorylation energy. Especially, the cytosolic Pi has a critical role in disregulation of glycolysis in tps1 knockout. Here we developed a method that enables us to monitor the cytosolic Pi concentration in S. cerevisiae using an equilibrium sensor reaction: maltose + Pi < = > glucose + glucose‐1‐phosphate. The required enzyme, maltose phosphorylase from L. sanfranciscensis was overexpressed in S. cerevisiae. With this reaction in place, the cytosolic Pi concentration was obtained from intracellular glucose, G1P and maltose concentrations. The cytosolic Pi concentration was determined in batch and chemostat (D = 0.1 h−1) conditions, which was 17.88 µmol/gDW and 25.02 µmol/gDW, respectively under Pi‐excess conditions. Under Pi‐limited steady state (D = 0.1 h−1) conditions, the cytosolic Pi concentration dropped to only 17.7% of the cytosolic Pi in Pi‐excess condition (4.42 µmol/gDW vs. 25.02 µmol/gDW). In response to a Pi pulse, the cytosolic Pi increased very rapidly, together with the concentration of sugar phosphates. Main sources of the rapid Pi increase are vacuolar Pi (and not the polyPi), as well as Pi uptake from the extracellular space. The temporal increase of cytosolic Pi increases the driving force of GAPDH reaction of the lower glycolytic reactions. The novel cytosol specific Pi concentration measurements provide new insight into the thermodynamic driving force for ATP hydrolysis, GAPDH reaction, and Pi transport over the plasma and vacuolar membranes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1033–1046. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensory Processing Patterns in Autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Typical Development

ABSTRACT Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine sensory processing in children ages 3–14 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typical development (TD) using the Sensory Profile 2nd Edition (Dunn, 2014). Methods: Participants included 239 children (ASD = 77; ADHD = 78; TD = 84) matched on age and gender. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare the extent to which the three grsoups differed on sensory processing patterns (i.e., sensitivity, avoiding, registration, seeking) and sensory systems (i.e., auditory, visual, touch, movement, body position, oral, conduct, attention, social). We also examined the effect of chronological age. Results: Children with ASD and ADHD did not differ in sensory processing patterns which were elevated as compared to a TD group. Children with ASD showed the highest rate of oral processing differences, followed by ADHD and TD. Children with ADHD had higher visual processing scores than children with ASD and TD. Older children had lower scores for seeking, auditory, visual, movement, touch, and conduct than younger children, regardless of diagnosis. Conclusions: Findings suggest that sensory features may be an area of overlap of behaviors in ASD and ADHD, which may have implications for intervention approaches for children with these conditions.
Reply: Treatment of refractory neurosarcoidosis with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors – what lies ahead?

induced febrile neutropenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 492–501. 5 Cantwell B, Fennelly JJ, Masterson J, Lynch V. Hilar tuberculosis in a patient with osteosarcoma. Postgrad Med J 1981; 57: 530–31. 6 Horsburgh R Jr. Priorities for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2060–67. 7 Nair R, Prabhash K, Sengar M, Bakshi A, Gujral S, Gupta S et al. The effect of short-term intensive chemotherapy on reactivation of tuberculosis. Ann Oncol 2007; 18: 1243–5.
Predictive approach for protein aggregation: Correlation of protein surface characteristics and conformational flexibility to protein aggregation propensity

The aggregation of proteins became one of the major challenges in the development of biopharmaceuticals since the formation of aggregates can affect drug quality and immunogenicity. However, aggregation mechanisms are highly complex and the investigation requires cost, time, and material intensive experimental effort. In the present work, the predictive power of protein characteristics for the phase behavior of three different proteins which are very similar in size and structure was studied. In particular, the surface hydrophobicity, zeta potential, and conformational flexibility of human lysozyme, lysozyme from chicken egg white, and α‐lactalbumin at pH 3, 5, 7, and 9 were assessed and examined for correlation with experimental stability studies focusing on protein phase behavior induced by sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation based study of the conformational flexibility without precipitants was able to identify highly flexible protein regions which could be associated to the less regular secondary structure elements and random coiled and terminal regions in particular. Conformational flexibility of the entire protein structure and protein surface hydrophobicity could be correlated to differing aggregation propensities among the studied proteins and could be identified to be applicable for prediction of protein phase behavior in aqueous solution without precipitants. For prediction of protein phase behavior and aggregation propensity in aqueous solution with precipitants, protein flexibility was further studied in dependency of salt concentration and species by means of human lysozyme. Even though the results of the salt dependent MD simulations could not be shown to be sufficient for prediction of salt depending phase behavior, this study revealed a more pronounced destabilizing effect of ammonium sulfate in comparison to sodium chloride and thus, was found to be in good agreement with theoretical considerations along the Hofmeister series as well as experimentally evaluated phase behavior. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1170–1183. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ERGONOMIC ISSUES OF THE NEURAL INTEGRATED HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION

ABSTRACT The possibility of creating machine intelligence superior to human intelligence seems to derive from the outcome of Moore's principle, describing exponential increases of calculative speed and capacity of computers. On the basis of the so-far performed analyses, it can be presumed that around the year 2020, the calculative capacity of personal computers will match the capacity of the human brain. If there is no breakdown of this trend, then ten years after, the capacity will reach a level comparable with the size of all brains of all the people in the world. According to the idea of the grid computing, the possibility of downloading to such a “machine” that has all our mental make-up (recorded in neuron structures) will become achievable. The possibility of a human mastering the snowballing development of artificial intelligence lays in constructing a neural interface. The second way of integrating human mind with cyberspace is connected with building computers operating on the basis of a neural network principle. The previously mentioned two ways should be perceived as priority of ergonomic issues of the neural integrated human–computer interaction.
Management of Low Bone Mass in Female Athletes

As female athletic participation has increased, the positive effects of exercise on health have become evident. However, with this growth in sports activity, a set of health problems unique to the female athlete has emerged. The female athlete triad and its components can occur in females of all ages in every sport. The Female Athlete Triad poses serious health risks, both short and long term, to the overall well-being of affected individuals. Sustained low energy availability can impair health, causing many medical complications within the skeletal, endocrine, cardiovascular, reproductive, and central nervous systems. With the surge of females participating in athletics within the past 10 to 15 years, it is both conceivable and likely that the prevalence of this syndrome will continue to grow. Therefore, it is imperative that appropriate screening and diagnostic measures are enacted by a multidisciplinary team of health care providers, counselors, teachers, and dieticians in order to provide the proper care to affected athletes. Initial awareness should take place within the educational confines of elementary and high schools. Screening for female athletes exhibiting risk factors for the triad should also take place at the time of sports physicals. If one component of the triad is identified, the clinician should take the time to effectively workup the other. Treatment for each component of the triad includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures, with emphasis placed upon increased energy availability and overall improved nutritional health. Using this all-encompassing type of approach, sports medicine practitioners should feel empowered to continue to promote the lifelong well-being of female athletes in the years to come.
DEVELOPING HETEROGENEOUS SIMILARITY METRICS FOR KNOWLEDGE ADMINISTRATION

Collecting formal decision events in a knowledge-explicit way becomes an important development in terms of knowledge administration. A Set of Experience Knowledge Structure can assist in accomplishing this purpose. However, collecting knowledge comes together with mechanisms of classifying, comparing, and selecting elements among the collected universe, i.e., the universe of formal decision events. Thus, similarity metrics play an important role in knowledge administration. The purpose of this article is to develop heterogeneous similarity metrics for set of experience knowledge structure, and within it, similarity metrics for its components: variables, functions, constraints, and rules. A comparable and classifiable set of experience would make explicit knowledge of formal decision events useful elements in knowledge administration, as well as in multiple technologies.
Optimal glycemic control in the elderly: where is the evidence and who should be targeted?

In the near future, with the continuous increase in life expectancy observed in the population and with the aging of the baby boomers, an increase is expected in the absolute and relative number of the elderly population. With the aging phenomenon, the prevalence of a number of chronic diseases is increasing and requires interventions from different health professionals. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a very frequent condition in the elderly and is characterized by variable degrees of hyperglycemia while ketosis is exceptional in this condition. The question of who should be offered optimal glycemic control becomes more and more pertinent as the older diabetic population grows but it has to be considered that the consequences of hypoglycemia related to the medications used to lower glycemia are not benign in the older population. Hence, the advantages and disadvantages of tight glycemic control will be reviewed in the light of recent data.
Anaesthesia for bronchoscopy, tracheal and airway surgery

Abstract This article discusses the anaesthetic management of adult and paediatric patients undergoing bronchoscopy for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Particular emphasis is place on the techniques of ventilation and the controversy regarding the relative merits of intravenous and inhalational induction for foreign body removal by bronchoscopy. A brief introduction to the management of the patient for tracheal surgery follows and the importance of diverse ventilatory strategies is discussed.
Complication and Reoperation Rates Following Surgical Management of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy in Medicare Beneficiaries

Study Design. Retrospective database review. Objective. To compare complication and reoperation rates after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), posterior cervical fusion (PCFs), and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) using a large national database of Medicare beneficiaries. Summary of Background Data. CSM is the most common cause of myelopathy in patients over 55 years and is considered the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the world. Surgical treatment includes ACDF, PCF, or ACCF procedures. Methods. The PearlDiver database (2005–2012) was utilized to determine revision rates after surgical treatment of CSM by one of the aforementioned surgical treatments. Specifically, 1 to 2 level ACDF, ACCF, and PCF and 3+ level PCF cohorts were included. Each cohort was stratified by the age of 65 years. Survivorship curves were graphed and compared. Results. Of the patients younger than 65 years of age, there were 10,557 patients treated with 1 to 2 level ACDF procedures, 1319 patients with 1 to 2 level PCF procedures, 1203 patients with 1 to 2 level ACCF procedures, and 2312 patients treated with 3+ level PCF procedures. Of the elderly patients, 24,310 patients were treated with 1 to 2 level ACDFs, 4776 with 1 to 2 level PCF procedures, 3109 with 1 to 2 level ACCFs, and 7760 with 3+ level PCFs. Patients younger than 65 years of age were significantly more likely to have a reoperation procedure, than those 65 years or older when analyzing ACCF, ACDF, and 3+ level PCF procedures. ACCFs were significantly more likely than ACDFs to require reoperation. Patients treated with PCF were consistently more likely to have nondysphagia-related complications than those treated with ACDF. Rates of transfusion, dysphagia, and hematoma/seroma formation were significantly increased with ACCF compared with ACDF within the elderly population. Conclusion. The elderly are significantly less likely to have a revision surgery after surgical treatment for CSM. Patients treated with ACCF are more likely to need a revision than those treated with ACDF. Level of Evidence: 3
Comprehensive nurse education: a broken promise and an unrealistic ideal.

Thank you to Happell and Cutcliffe (2011) for having the courage to discuss the gigantic elephant in the room. For too long, mental health nursing in Australia has struggled to claim sufficient space within the undergraduate nursing programme to: (i) convey important psychosocial skills, so that all nurses will appreciate the need to care for the mind and the body; (ii) teach student nurses about mental illness prevention, treatment, and recovery, so that they can be competent to begin practice in these areas; and (iii) ignite students’ passion for the mental health nursing specialty. This is an impossible task, unachievable considering that the curriculum is already overcrowded, as educators struggle to cover nursing role expansions occurring because of changes in community health, biotechnology, chronic disease, longer life spans, and global concerns. In my experience working in three universities over the years, dedicated mental health content is restricted to one, or perhaps two courses, in the 3 years, and qualified mental health academics and educators are in desperately short supply. Many of us have tried valiantly to keep the flag flying to ensure that mental health nursing is not squeezed out completely, but the battle is ongoing and exhausting. Stigma, fear, and disenchantment, with soft skills and low-tech nursing, are as strong within the university as it is elsewhere. I would love to (and the professions needs to) be able to have time and space within a curriculum to explore the changing frontiers for mental health practice, but I’m flat out just making sure the bases are covered. Nursing has advanced dramatically, and within it, specializations have evolved, the strongest of which is mental health nursing, yet the educational preparation has lagged behind. I agree with Happell and Cutcliffe. If we sit around waiting for programmes to have 4-year degrees, mental health nurses will have been replaced by recovery workers and allied health professionals, who seem to be displaying more energy and commitment to advancement. Consumers are the ones not being well served here. They deserve qualified nurses to work with them, using the knowledge and skills mental health nursing has developed over a century. Our place within the health system is sorely needed. I say bring on a specialist undergraduate mental health nursing programme, and let’s take a concerted approach to ensure it does not set up a mind–body split.
Aging and Postural Stability

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the toe's pressure and tactile sense and measures of postural stability. SUBJECTS: The subjects of the study were 21 healthy volunteers who were divided into two age groups: young group (mean 21.0 ± 1.6 years): 7 males and 6 females, elderly group (mean 71.4 ± 2.8 years): 4 males and 4 females. METHODS AND MATERIALS: First experiment (balance test): The instrument for measuring standing balance was a stabilometer. A computer program built into the device provides information on the subject's stance balance through calculation of two variables: (1) Body sway index (SI: mm), and (2) Foot pressure (%BW/cm²). The subjects were asked to stand as motionless as possible for 20 seconds. The same test was repeated with the subject's eyes closed. Second experiment (tactile sense test): utilized a new system which was developed to measure tactile-proprioceptive sensation. The tactile threshold value was measured with the subject seated in a .
Adding Intelligence to Cars Using the Neural Knowledge DNA

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a Neural Knowledge DNA (NK-DNA)-based framework that is capable of learning from the car’s daily operations and reusing such learned knowledge in future tasks. The NK-DNA is a novel knowledge representation and reasoning approach designed to support discovering, storing, reusing, improving, and sharing knowledge among machines and computing devices. We examine our framework for drivers’ classification based on their driving behaviors. The experimental data are collected via smartphone sensors. The initial results are presented, and the direction for our future research is defined.
Changing Paradigms in Operational Research

While paradigms evolve and mature, they may also become bounded through the vary conceptualisations that originally made them successful. The paradigm of complexity is able to conceptualise problem situations in terms of certainty, softness, and structure. These conceptualisations can be used to evaluate how different paradigms change. This can be illustrated by examining the appearance of new Operational Research paradigms over the last half century, and examining how they change using landmark theory.
Decompression Surgery Alone Versus Decompression Plus Fusion in Symptomatic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Swiss Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study With 3 Years of Follow-up

Study Design. Retrospective analysis of a prospective, multicenter cohort study. Objective. To estimate the added effect of surgical fusion as compared to decompression surgery alone in symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis patients with spondylolisthesis. Summary of Background Data. The optimal surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis patients with spondylolisthesis remains controversial. Methods. Patients of the Lumbar Stenosis Outcome Study with confirmed DLSS and spondylolisthesis were enrolled in this study. The outcomes of this study were Spinal Stenosis Measure (SSM) symptoms (score range 1–5, best-worst) and function (1–4) over time, measured at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months follow-up. In order to quantify the effect of fusion surgery as compared to decompression alone and number of decompressed levels, we used mixed effects models and accounted for the repeated observations in main outcomes (SSM symptoms and SSM function) over time. In addition to individual patients’ random effects, we also fitted random slopes for follow-up time points and compared these two approaches with Akaike's Information Criterion and the chi-square test. Confounders were adjusted with fixed effects for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale musculoskeletal disorders, and duration of symptoms. Results. One hundred thirty-one patients undergoing decompression surgery alone (n = 85) or decompression with fusion surgery (n = 46) were included in this study. In the multiple mixed effects model the adjusted effect of fusion compared with decompression alone surgery on SSM symptoms was 0.06 (95% confidence interval: −0.16–0.27) and −0.07 (95% confidence interval: −0.25–0.10) on SSM function, respectively. Conclusion. Among the patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis our study confirms that in the two groups, decompression alone and decompression with fusion, patients distinctively benefited from surgical treatment. When adjusted for confounders, fusion surgery was not associated with a more favorable outcome in both SSM scores as compared to decompression alone surgery. Level of Evidence: 3