Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening for psychosocial factors in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Psychosocial factors play a prominent role in both the onset and expression of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms – particularly among those individuals who consult gastroenterologists. Although many patients with IBS respond to conventional medical or dietary treatment, outcomes are less positive for patients with severe gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and/or significant psychosocial problems. Routine screening of IBS patients attending a GI outpatient clinic can be helpful for identifying those individuals who are less likely to respond to conventional therapy. Practical recommendations for screening procedures and referrals to mental health professionals are discussed.
Opinion: Projecting the effects of environmental change on Antarctic seals

Abstract We consider how Antarctic seals may respond to changes in climate, realizing that anthropogenic alteration of food webs will influence these responses. The species considered include the ice-obligate - crabeater (Lobodon carcinophaga), Weddell (Leptonychotes weddellii), Ross (Ommataphoca rossii) and leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx) seal - and the ice-tolerant Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) and southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina). The data analysed are from long-term censuses of Weddell seals in McMurdo Sound (1997–2006), and of Weddell, fur and elephant seals at Arthur Harbour, Antarctic Peninsula (1974–2005). After considering their responses to recent changes in environmental features, as well as projected and current changes to their habitat our conclusions are that the distribution and abundance of 1) crabeater and Weddell seals will be negatively affected by changes in the extent, persistence and type of annual sea ice, 2) Ross and leopard seal will be the least negatively influenced by changes in pack ice characteristics, although, as may be the case for crabeater and Weddell, population size and distribution may be altered through changes in food web dynamics, and 3) southern elephant and fur seals will respond in ways opposite to the pack ice species, but could also be influenced most immediately by changes in their food resources due to factors other than climate.
Women, labour market nationalization policies and human resource development in the Arab Gulf states

Growing levels of national unemployment constitute one of the Arab Gulf's key domestic policy challenges and not least because the majority of new jobs will need to be created in the skilled private sector. We demonstrate that while female nationals obtain proportionately more of the vocationally orientated, tertiary level qualifications that this sector requires, structural issues and cultural attitudes continue to act as barriers. Based on the findings of interviews with policymakers in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, we contend that while incumbent labour nationalization policies have led to marginal increases in female participation rates, more systemic labour market reforms will be needed in order to better capitalize on the ‘valuable human resource asset’ that they represent.
Wireless Impedance Sensor with PZT-Interface for Prestress-Loss Monitoring in Prestressed Concrete Girder

Ensuring the designed prestress force is very important for the safety of prestressed concrete bridge. The loss of prestress force in tendon could significantly reduce load carrying capacity of the structure. In this study, an automated prestress-loss monitoring system for prestressed concrete girder using PZT-interface and wireless impedance sensor node is presented. The following approaches are carried out to achieve the objective. Firstly, wireless impedance sensor nodes are designed for automated impedance-based monitoring technique. The sensor node is mounted on the high-performance Imote2 sensor platform to fulfill high operating speed, low power requirement and large storage memory. Secondly, a smart PZT-interface designed for monitoring prestress force is described. A linear regression model is established to predict prestress-loss. Finally, a system of the PZT-interface interacted with the wireless sensor node is evaluated from a lab-scale tendon-anchorage connection of a prestressed concrete girder.
Germination at low osmotic potential as a selection criteria for drought stress tolerance in sweet corn

Water stress can affect germination by decreasing the percentage of germination. A study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of different osmotic potentials (MPa) on proline content and percentage seed germination of corn. The experiment was conducted in factorial with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seeds of two open pollinated varieties (Masmadu and Thai super sweet) and three hybrids (968, 969 and 926) sweet corn were germinated at 0, -0.2, -0.5, -0.7, -1.2 and -1.4 MPa osmotic potentials, respectively. Results show that the percentage of germination and coefficient of velocity (CVG) decreased with decrease in osmotic potential while proline content and mean germination time (MGT) increased. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) increased root length (RL) and length per volume (LPV) at low osmotic potential (-0.2 MPa) but decreased at more than -0.7 MPa. Seedling proline content appears not to be related to percentage germination but appears to be related to the decline in osmotic potential in germination media. Seed germination test at -0.7 to -1.2 MPa has the potential to be used as a vigor test in sweet corn. Keywords: Osmotic potential, germination, polyethylene glycol, corn, proline content African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol. 13(2), pp. 294-300, 8 January, 2014
An Effective Finite Field Multiplier Utilising Redundant Illustration

Through the efficient screening of the flow graph (SFG) signal from the formula suggested, a processor of a graphic flow space very regular (PSFG) comes. Based redundant (RB) multipliers over Galois (Campo) have gained great recognition in the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), mainly due to its low cost of hardware for squaring and modular reduction. In this paper, we have suggested a recursive decomposition formula for multiplication RB manuscript to acquire high performance application serial digits. It is proven high-performance structures suggested are the most useful one of the corresponding designs for FPGA and ASIC implementation. By determining appropriate limit sets, we have modified the PSFG superbly and carry out efficient retiming cutting groups feedforward to derive three new multipliers, which not only involve considerable shorter complexity period compared with existing but, also they require less area and less power consumption compared to the use of others. The latest results from the synthesis of field programmable gate array (FPGA) and performing specific applications integrated circuit (ASIC) from the proposed designs and existing designs competing are compared. It is proven suggested designs are capable of as much as 94% to 60% saving of power delay product area (ADPP) in FPGA and ASIC's application of the best of current designs, correspondingly. Both theoretical analysis and synthesis read results suggested efficiency multipliers within existing.
A geodynamic model of subduction evolution and slab detachment to explain Australian plate acceleration and deceleration during the latest Cretaceous-early Cenozoic

During the latest Cretaceous-early Cenozoic, the northern margin of the Australian plate was characterized by a large (4000 km wide) northto northeast-dipping subduction zone (New Guinea-Pocklington subduction zone) consuming a marginal basin. Geological and geophysical data imply that the subduction zone was active ca. 71-50 Ma, and suggest that it was responsible for plate acceleration from ~1.0 to ~7.3 cm/yr ca. 64-59 Ma, and plate deceleration from ~7.3 to ~0.3 cm/yr at 52-49 Ma. This paper presents a numerical model of buoyancy-driven subduction to test if the rates of Australian plate acceleration and deceleration can be ascribed to the progressive evolution of a subducting slab. The geodynamic model reproduces the first-order plate velocity evolution of the Australian plate, with a transient ~5 m.y. period of acceleration from 2 to 8 cm/yr during upper mantle slab lengthening, an ~5 m.y. period of rapid plate motion (~5-8 cm/yr), and a short, 3.9 m.y. , period of plate deceleration, starting with a 2 cm/yr velocity drop during 3.1 m.y. of continental subduction and followed by ~0.8 m.y. of rapid deceleration (4 cm/yr velocity drop) during slab detachment. The geodynamic model demonstrates that plate velocity increases or decreases of ~4-6 cm/yr can occur over a period lasting < 1 m.y. to a few million years, comparable to what is observed for the latest Cretaceous-early Cenozoic evolution of the Australian plate. Such rates of plate acceleration and deceleration could be tested against plate kinematic data for other subduction settings on Earth.
How to Avoid Pitfalls in Statistical Analysis of Political Texts: The Case of Germany

The statistical analysis of political texts has received a prominent place in the study of party politics, coalition formation and legislative decision making in Germany. Yet we still lack a thorough understanding of the conditions under which such analysis produces valid estimates of policy positions. This article examines the properties of the word scaling method ‘Wordfish’ and uses the technique to estimate party positions in Germany. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the effects of the choice of texts on party position estimates, including the number of documents included in the analysis and their length. Moreover, we present guidelines on how to process linguistic information for political scientists interested in using the technique, focusing specifically on German texts. Finally, we present an analysis of the German party system from 1969–2005 using the Wordfish algorithm. We demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm to extract left-right positions for various subsets of words, but show that agenda effects dominate when estimating a long-time series if the entire manifesto corpus is analysed.
Comparative morphology of mandibular structures in lycid larvae and its phylogenetic implications (Polyphaga, Hexapoda)

Kazantsev, S.V. 2006. Comparative morphology of mandibular structures in lycid larvae and its phylogenetic implications (Polyphaga, Hexapoda) — Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 87 : 229-238 The morphology of the larval mandibular structures of the family Lycidae (Polyphaga) is characterized by facultative dicondyly, posterior articulation with long mandibular rods, lateral location of the anterior condyle and its articulation with a paired non-cranial structure. It is compared to that of Eucrustacea, Chilopoda, Entognatha, Microcoryphia and Zygentoma and found to be more reminiscent of the Entognatha. The phylogenetic implications of this conclusion are discussed, with the Pterygota and Dicondylia hypothesized to be non-monophyletic.
The Variety-of-Evidence Thesis and the Reliability of Instruments: A Bayesian-Network Approach

The variety of evidence thesis in confirmation theory states that more varied supporting evidence confirms a hypothesis to a greater degree than less varied evidence. Under a very plausible interpretation of this thesis, positive test results from multiple independent instruments confirm a hypothesis to a greater degree than positive test results from a single instrument. We invoke Bayesian Networks to model confirmation on grounds of evidence that is obtained from less than fully reliable instruments and show that the variety of evidence thesis is not sacrosanct when testing is conducted with less than fully reliable instruments: under certain conditions, a hypothesis receives more confirmation from evidence that is obtained from one rather than from more independent instruments. In the appendix, we prove certain convergence results for large numbers of positive test results from single versus multiple less than fully reliable instruments.
Mexico's Long-Term Energy Outlook: Results of a Detailed Energy Supply And Demand Simulation

This paper presents the results of a detailed, bottom-up analysis of Mexico's energy markets. A team of U.S, and Mexican analysts used the Energy and Power Evaluation Program (ENPEP) to develop energy market forecasts to the year 2025, Primary energy supply is projected to grow from 9,313 petajoules (Pl) in 1999 to 13,130 Pl by 2025, Mexico's crude oil production is expected to increase by 1% annually to 8,230 Pl in 2025. As its domestic crude refining capacity becomes unable to meet the rising demand for petroleum products, resulting from such factors as the country's rapidly growing transportation needs, imports of oil products will become increasingly important. Gasoline imports, for example, are expected to increase 12-fold, The Mexican natural gas markets are driven by the strong demand for gas in the power generating and manufacturing industries.
Identity and Market for Loyalties Theories: The Case for Free Information Flow in Insurgent Iraq

When monopoly control over the flow of information is lost, the unavoidable consequence is destabilization. Information flow through a society can be understood as a market - not a market exchanging cash for goods, but loyalty for identity. Hence the market is called the Market for Loyalties - so labeled by an economics of information theory first developed by Prof. Monroe Price, of Cardozo Law School, and Director of the Howard M. Squadron Program in Law, Media and Society, to explain government regulation of radio, TV, cable and satellite broadcasting. In post-invasion Iraq, Saddam Hussein lost or monopoly control over the information market, where loyalty and identity were exchanged. The consequence was the plummeting of loyalty that the former regime could command in exchange for its marketed form of identity. The result of the sudden opening of the market is chaotic and violent. New suppliers of identity hawk wares so potent, that the consumer's loyalty extends to martyrdom in the form of suicide bombing (all for a few moments of temporal fame, and bright prospects of rewards in eternity). The current market for loyalties in Iraq is complicated by an additional characteristic - the impact of tribal structures to limit the number of effective buyers in the marketplace. Tribes function as brokers, restricting, the presence of competing buyers and functioning as resellers of identity in the marketplace. The dilemma for the United States is what to do about the new information market in Iraq - to clamp down and re-exert monopoly control, to stand back, laissez-faire-like, and let the market take its natural course, or to somehow manage the slide to equilibrium by carefully eliminating barriers and engineering the emergence of competitors in the market. This article will first present the theoretical underpinning of the market for loyalties in terms of neoclassical economics, emphasizing the importance of identity in this market. In so doing it will apply the theory to understanding many of the instabilities in Iraq and the Middle East. Second, the article suggests implications of the market for loyalties for U.S. policy. The article concludes that despite consideration of tribal intermediation of the information market, which must and can be addressed, US policy is not to win Iraqi loyalty by promulgating its own particular message of identity, but the creation and maintenance of an open and pluralistic market for loyalties within Iraq's information environment. In such a market, diverse identities are sufficiently numerous to insulate the market from potential disruption caused by provocative messages hawked by radical and violent groups. In essence, this Article presents an argument for freedom of speech and information flow based upon market for loyalties theory.
Capitalization as a Signal

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. The level of a bank’s capitalization can effectively transmit information about its riskiness and therefore support market discipline, but asymmetry information may induce exaggerated or distortionary behavior: banks may vie with one another to signal confidence in their prospects by keeping capitalization low, and banks’ creditors often cannot distinguish among them —tendencies that can be seen across banks and across time. Prudential policy is warranted to help offset these tendencies. JEL Classification Numbers: G21, E51, D82
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITED CdxCo1-xS THIN FILMS

Thin film of ternary CdCoS has been deposited on microscopic glass substrate using the Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique. The film was characterized using UNICO UV-2102 PC spectrophotometer in the UV – VIS – NIR region. The optical and dielectric properties of the film show that it has high transmittance in the VIS – NIR range (>50%) which was moderate at the UV range (<50%) with markedly low reflectance (3.52 – 20.57%) which declined albeit exponentially within the entire wavelength range. The band gap energy of 2.10eV for film deposited for 14h and 2.53eV for that deposited for 17h with other studied properties show that this film is a good material for optical window layers for photocells; fabrication of solar cells; antireflective coating material and coating for poultry houses.
Silence and self-expression in charlotte brontë’s shirley: an application of john searle’s speech acts theory

Despite the “comedic” happy ending of Brontë’s Shirley (1849), its heroine’s taciturn incommunicativeness towards the end of the novel in contrast to her lively former derring-do, has naturally given rise to various speculations about the nature of her transformation. The fact that many of the final exchanges between her and Louis Moore are reported with a temporary shift of point of view in Louis’s personal journal, with an obvious artistic distance between the narrator’s voice and his, merely serves to cast darker shadows over the veracity of his conclusions. The present appliSara KHAZAI, Maryam S. BEYAD, Mahmoud R.G. SABBAGH: SILENCE AND SELF-EXPRESSION. 172 cation of Searle’s speech acts theory to some dialogue samples from Shirley, focuses on the differences of communicational styles in its heroine at three stages of the narrative and concludes that feeling the weight of the “new world” she has entered after her betrothal, Shirley finds that there is a consequent need for her to employ more expressive speech acts to elucidate, fewer assertives for greater self-effacement, and more frequent hedges to give a softer edge to her directives. Shirley’s linguistic technique now relies for its success on her silence and tolerant manner rather than persuasive arguments, and her speech mannerisms might in fact be presumed a “performance. ” She thus shifts her style of expression intentionally, and in such a fashion as to empower Louis further and hand the conversational reins over to him.
Formal Models of Module Linking Mechanisms for a Single Address Space

As WSNs(Wireless Sensor Networks) are being deployed widely in diverse application areas, their management and maintenance become more important. Recent sensor node software takes modular software architectures in pursuit of flexible software management and energy efficient reprogramming. To realize an flexible and efficient modular architecture particularly on resource constrained mote-class sensor nodes that are implemented with MCUs(Micro-Controller Units) of a single address space. an appropriate module linking model is essential to resolve and bind the inter-module global symbols. This paper identifies a design space of module linking model and respectively their implementation frameworks. We then establish a taxonomy for module linking models by exploring the design space of module linking models. Finally, we suggest an implementation framework respectively for each module linking model in the taxonomy. We expect that this work lays the foundations for systematic innovation toward more flexible and efficient modular software architectures for WSNs.
Cultural heritage through time: a case study at Hadrian’s Wall, United Kingdom

Abstract. Diachronic studies are central to cultural heritage research for the investigation of change, from landscape to architectural scales. Temporal analyses and multi-temporal 3D reconstruction are fundamental for maintaining and safeguarding all forms of cultural heritage. Such studies form the basis for any kind of decision regarding intervention on cultural heritage, helping assess the risks and issues involved. This article introduces a European-wide project, entitled "Cultural Heritage Through Time", and the case study research carried out as a component of the project in the UK. The paper outlines the initial stages of the case study of landscape change at three locations on Hadrian’s Wall, namely Beckfoot Roman Fort, Birdoswald Roman Fort and Corbridge Roman Station, all once part of the Roman Empire’s north-west frontier. The main aim of the case study is to integrate heterogeneous information derived from a range of sources to help inform understanding of temporal aspects of landscape change. In particular, the study sites are at risk from natural hazards, notably erosion and flooding. The paper focuses on data collection and collation aspects, including an extensive archive search and field survey, as well as the methodology and preliminary data processing.
FDI and Exports in Developing Countries: Theory and Evidence

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) not only generate global flows of foreign direct investment, but are also extremely for global trade flows. UNCTAD (2004) estimates that MNEs account for around two-thirds of world exports. Since MNEs are responsible for a large proportion of world trade, one may infer that there is a close relationship between flows of FDI and trade. An MNE network, consisting of a parent and a network of affiliates, generates simultaneous flows of goods and investments. In this context the pool of knowledge and associated models, which explain international trade, has grown substantially in the recent past, but there is less theoretical consensus about the relationship between trade flows and FDI. The fact that exporting and local production are alternative ways for an MNE to serve the demand in a foreign market suggests a substitutability relationship between FDI and trade. MNE production in the host country implies that local production is a substitute for exports from the home country. On the other hand, MNE affiliates' production in a host country can generate a demand for intermediate goods from the parent, resulting in a complementary relationship between flows of FDI and trade (exports). Theoretical reasoning therefore supports both these possibilities, providing a strong incentive for empirical analysis. A multinational can serve foreign demand in two ways, either it can export its product or it can create productive capacity via foreign direct investment. The advantage of FDI is that it allows lower marginal cost than exports. The disadvantage is that FDI is mostly irreversible and, hence, entails the risk of creating under-utilised capacity in case the market turns out to be smaller than expected. The presence of demand uncertainty and irreversibility gives rise to an interior solution, whereby the MNE generates both exports and FDI under certain conditions.