Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual field prognosis in advanced glaucoma

Abstract. 79 eyes in 71 patients with advanced glaucomatous damage (loss of at least half the visual field) have been followed for 5–18 years. At the first visit 42 eyes had an intraocular pressure of 40 mmHg or higher. During the follow‐up the visual field defect was stable in 23 eyes (29%) and progressed in 56 eyes (71%). Deterioration of the field was not dependent on the initial degree of defect. Central vision was lost in 27 eyes, and 16 eyes became amaurotic. The visual field was unchanged in 36% of the operated eyes, as against 20% of the medically treated eyes. In no case was central vision lost as as consequence of surgery. Obviously, the prognosis was better in eyes with intraocular pressures below 15 mmHg during the follow‐up (58% stable visual fields) than in the eyes with pressures higher than 15 mmHg (15% stable fields). Most of the eyes with pressures below 15 mmHg had been operated.
Variation in tibial torsion

A skeletal collection from the African country of Sudan was examined to determine if torsion of the tibia in an African population varies from established norms for European, Asian, and American populations. A large variation in tibial torsion was observed. There was a distinct limb asymmetry with more torsion on the right than left. No association of tibial torsion with gender was identified. A small but appreciable increase in average torsion (7°) was identified when this population was compared with previously reported populations. This study documents a variation in tibial torsion not appreciated in earlier studies. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Efficacy and Safety of Tamsulosin Combined with Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy for Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many studies have been conducted to investigate adjunctive tamsulosin therapy after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for urolithiasis. The results from those studies, however, are still inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to provide an update on the clinical efficacy and safety of tamsulosin combined with SWL for urolithiasis. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials until January 2015. Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted with Review Manager (RevMan), version 5.1. RESULTS Twenty-one studies (2093 subjects in total) were identified in the current meta-analysis. Compared with a control group, the experimental group (tamsulosin combined with SWL) showed an increased overall benefit for stone expulsion, with pooled risk ratio (RR) of 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.26). With respect to the different geographic regions, European and American had a high possibility of improvement in stone expulsion (RR: 1.33, 95% CI, 1.19-1.49). According to the stone locations (renal, upper and lower ureteral) and sizes (4-10 mm and 11-24 mm), tamsulosin is more useful for lower ureteral stone (RR: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14-1.43) and larger sized stones (RR: 1.49; 95% CI, 1.28-1.75). The effect estimates did not vary markedly when stratified by follow-up durations but varied by dose of tamsulosin. Furthermore, a shorter expulsion time, reduced occurrence of steinstrasse, fewer incidences of colic, and lower analgesic requirements were observed within the experimental group. In addition, tamsulosin is well tolerated, and its adverse events rarely led to dropouts of patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, evidence suggests that tamsulosin combined with SWL is safe and effective in enhancing stone expulsion for patients with urolithiasis. Furthermore, high-quality, randomized and placebo-controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin should be performed.
Evidence that the Major Membrane Lipids, Except Cholesterol, Are Made in Axons of Cultured Rat Sympathetic Neurons

Abstract: Membrane lipids and proteins required for axonal growth and regeneration are generally believed to be synthesized in the cell bodies of neurons and transported into the axons. However, we have demonstrated recently that, in cultured rat sympathetic neurons, axons themselves have the capacity to synthesize phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylethanolamine. In these experiments, we employed a compartment model of neuron culture in which pure axons grow in a fluid environment separate from that containing the cell bodies. In the present study, we again used compartmented cultures to confirm and extend the previous results. We have shown that three enzymes of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via the CDP‐choline pathway are present in axons. We have also shown that the rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine by this route in neurons, and locally in axons, is catalyzed by the enzyme CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. The biosynthesis of other membrane lipids, such as phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine derived by decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and fatty acids, also occurs in axons. However, the methylation pathway for the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine appears to be a quantitatively insignificant route for phosphatidylcholine synthesis in neurons. Moreover, our data provided no evidence for the biosynthesis of another important membrane lipid, cholesterol, in axons.
Macrophage activation marker, soluble CD163, is an independent predictor of short‐term mortality in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infection

Innate immune system dysfunction is common in advanced cirrhosis, with a central role of the monocyte/macrophage system. Monocytes and macrophages express the scavenger receptor CD163, which is regulated by inflammatory mediators. Cleavage of the receptor leads to the formation of soluble (s)CD163 that represents an anti‐inflammatory response. We aimed to study the clinical importance of sCD163 in cirrhosis.
Paclitaxel as an anticancer agent: isolation, activity, synthesis and stability

Paclitaxel is isolated from the Pacific yew. It can be obtained from the European yew, but only after chemical modification of the isolated compound by a semi-synthesis procedure. The procedure for total synthesis of paclitaxel is very complicated, involving multiple steps, and the yields of paclitaxel are meagre. This substance is also a metabolite of certain kinds of fungus. The microbiological pathway for producing paclitaxel compared with isolation from plant material involves shorter procuction times but a small yield. Cyclodextrins are usually used for improving the solubility of paclitaxel in aqueous media, with polymeric and other substances added. Paclitaxel has anticancer activity and use for preparing the formulations intravenously administrated to patients with tumors. The paclitaxel concentration in these formulations is determined using validated HPLC methods.
Impact of viral eradication with sofosbuvir‐based therapy on the outcome of post‐transplant hepatitis C with severe fibrosis

Several studies have shown that new direct‐acting antivirals maintain their efficacy in liver transplant (LT) recipients with severe hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence. We determined the clinical impact of sofosbuvir/ribavirin in LT through the changes in liver function and fibrosis state at 24 and 48 weeks after treatment.
P53 gene deletion in multiple myeloma

Fig.2–Interphasefluorescenceinsituhybridisationanalysisinmultiplemyelomapatient,usingspecificprobesforchromosome17centromere(·)andP53locus(·)(Vysis,DownersGrove,IL,USA). (A): two hybridisation signals for each probe in normalinterphasenucleiand,(B)abnormalnucleiexhibitingamonoallelic(left)andbiallelic(right)deletionsofP53locus
UGT1A polymorphisms as genetic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Caucasian population

The definition of new biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, especially in high‐risk HBV/HCV‐positive population, is urgently needed to improve HCC clinical management. This study focused on variants of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A) enzymes that catalyse the reaction of glucuronidation, one of the most important chemical defence pathway of the body. The aim of this study was to elucidate the contribution of UGT1A polymorphisms in predicting HCC susceptibility in Caucasians.
Nephrolithiasis Among Middle Aged and Elderly Urban Chinese: A Report from Prospective Cohort Studies in Shanghai.

INTRODUCTION Kidney stone risk factors are understudied among Asians. Our study objective was to investigate associations of obesity and other chronic diseases with incident kidney stones among the urban Chinese. PATIENTS AND METHODS Included in this study are two prospective cohorts: the Shanghai Women's Health Study (N = 69,166) and Shanghai Men's Health Study (N = 58,054). Incident kidney stones were determined by self-report in 2004 and 2008. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations of study variables with stone risk with adjustment of demographics, medical history, and dietary intakes. RESULTS There were 2653 incident stones over 1,007,958 person-years of follow-up. Overall incidence rates (per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval [CI]) were 2.10 (1.99, 2.21) among women and 3.80 (3.59, 4.02) among men. Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with risk (BMI ≥25 vs 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, women: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14 [95% CI 1.01, 1.28]; men: HR = 1.17 [1.03, 1.32]). High waist-hip ratio (≥0.80 and ≥0.90 for women and men, respectively) was associated with risk (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01, 1.27 for women; HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05, 1.35 for men). Coronary heart disease or stroke history was associated with risk in women only (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10, 1.56). Hypertension history was associated with risk in men only (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.11, 1.45). No significant association with diabetes mellitus was observed. CONCLUSIONS Among the Chinese, kidney stone incidence in men is almost twice that of women. Obesity is a shared risk factor. Hypertension history is associated with risk in men, whereas history of coronary heart disease or stroke is associated with risk in women.
Clinical Usefulness of the Measurement of Bone Mineral Content by Radiographic Absorptiometry in the Young Thoroughbred

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the total radiographic bone aluminum equivalency (RBAE) method for the measurement of bone mineral content (BMC) in the third metacarpal bone (McIII) of the young Thoroughbred by examining: a) changes in BMC and bone metabolism marker levels in young Thoroughbreds being trained in the growth period; b) correlation of BMC and bone metabolism marker levels; and c) relationships of BMC and bone metabolism marker levels with the state of occurrence of bone disorders. The total RBAE method by the ortho system was chosen for this study. Ninety-one 2-year-old Thoroughbreds that showed no abnormalities on physical examination before the study were evaluated for BMC, and 39 were selected at random for evaluation of the bone metabolism marker levels. BMC of the normal horses showed no change between Days 0 and 90 of the study, but significantly increased on Day 180 (p<0.01). BMC showed no correlations with bone metabolism markers. In addition, there was a high incidence of bone disorders in Days 0-90 of the study when BMC did not change though training increased. These results suggest that the measurement of BMC by the total RBAE method in young Thoroughbreds is useful for providing information about skeletal development, and also for obtaining information on the predisposing period for bone disorders.
American Society of peritoneal surface malignancies opinion statement on defining expectations from cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer

JESUS ESQUIVEL, MD,* POMPILIU PISO, MD, VIC VERWAAL, MD, THOMAS BACHLEITNER-HOFMANN, MD, OLIVIER GLEHEN, MD, SANTIAGO GONZÁLEZ-MORENO, MD, MARCELLO DERACO, MD, JOERG PELZ, MD, RICHARD ALEXANDER, MD, AND GABRIEL GLOCKZIN, MD Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Division of Surgical Oncology, Hospital Barmherzige, Regensburg, Germany National Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Vienna University Hospital, Vienna, Australia Department of Surgical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Benite, France Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy Department of Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Surgical Oncology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
New concept of a modular wireless base station and benefits for network management and energy efficiency

Conventional base station design does not longer fulfill network needs. New demand for energy efficiency, scalability, support for varying traffic load, flexibility in provided features and adoption to novel network architectures forces the “Plain Old Base Station” to change. Sophisticated modularization promises solution for the most of mentioned criteria. This paper presents a concept of a modular base station and advantages of scalable architecture paradigm SAfRAN. In this context particular emphasis is put on energy savings. Simulation results for macro base stations with different modularization levels and operation schemes give image of the relation between base station design and its energy consumption and promises excellent energy savings by a factor of 2 compared to conventional base stations. (6 pages)
Muskuloskelettale und neurogene Schmerzsyndrome des Halsbereichs*

combination with objective diagnostic findings from manual, neurologic and X-ray examination of the cervical spine. Following this line, distinctly different pain syndromes of the cervical spine exist: the segmental functional disorder of the cervical spine, the cervical overloaded syndrome, the cervical radicular syndrome, the cervical irritation syndrome, the cervical myofascial syndrome, the cervicogenic headache, the neck-tongue syndrome and the retropharyngeal tendinitis. By means of this differentiation functional impairments of the cervical spine can be diagnosed as distinctly different entities. We pre-sent a diagnostic algorithm of these distinct pain syndromes of the cervical spine, which have been examined scientifically for reliability and their usefullness as a screening measure.
Triple‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter based on cross‐shaped substrate integrated waveguide

A novel dual-band bandpass filter based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) which is realised with mode distribution of the special cross-shaped structure is presented in this Letter. In the cross-shaped SIW, there are six symmetrically stimulated resonant modes in the first eight higher order resonant modes that are perturbed to achieve dual-band responses, and each passband contains triple-mode. By introducing 45° rotated cross via-holes at the centre position of the structure, the two lower symmetrical resonant modes are closer to the unaffected asymmetrical higher resonant mode in both passbands. Compared with existing multimode multi-band filters which are achieved by coupling or cascading mechanism, the presented filter design based on single cross-shaped SIW is simple and easy for implementation. A prototype dual-band filter operating at 8.23 and 11.48 GHz with 3 dB fractional bandwidths of 7.1 and 12.1% is designed and fabricated. Measured and simulated results are presented to validate the predicted performances of the proposed filter.
Erythrobacter jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-staining-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CNU001(T), was isolated from seawater collected on the coast of Jeju Island, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The temperature, pH and NaCl ranges for growth were 10-30 °C, pH 6.0-10.0 and 2.0-5.0 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CNU001(T) belonged to the genus Erythrobacter in the family Erythrobacteraceae, with Erythrobacter longus DSM 6997(T) (96.6 % sequence similarity), Erythrobacter gaetbuli SW-161(T) (96.3 %), Erythrobacter vulgaris 022 2-10(T) (96.2 %), Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis T30(T) (96.1 %) and other members of the genus Erythrobacter (<96.0 %) identified as the novel strain's closest relatives. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and C17 : 1ω6c. The polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one sphingoglycolipid, one unidentified aminolipid and six other unidentified lipids. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (UQ-10) and the genomic DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 58.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain CNU001(T) represents a novel species within the genus Erythrobacter, for which the name Erythrobacter jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CNU001(T) ( = KCTC 23090(T) = JCM 16677(T)).
Security evaluation of biometric authentication systems under real spoofing attacks

Multimodal biometric systems are commonly believed to be more robust to spoofing attacks than unimodal systems, as they combine information coming from different biometric traits. Recent work has shown that multimodal systems can be misled by an impostor even by spoofing only one biometric trait. This result was obtained under a `worst-case` scenario, by assuming that the distribution of fake scores is identical to that of genuine scores (i.e. the attacker is assumed to be able to perfectly replicate a genuine biometric trait). This assumption also allows one to evaluate the robustness of score fusion rules against spoofing attacks, and to design robust fusion rules, without the need of actually fabricating spoofing attacks. However, whether and to what extent the `worst-case` scenario is representative of real spoofing attacks is still an open issue. In this study, we address this issue by an experimental investigation carried out on several data sets including real spoofing attacks, related to a multimodal verification system based on face and fingerprint biometrics. On the one hand, our results confirm that multimodal systems are vulnerable to attacks against a single biometric trait. On the other hand, they show that the `worst-case` scenario can be too pessimistic. This can lead to two conservative choices, if the `worst-case` assumption is used for designing a robust multimodal system. Therefore developing methods for evaluating the robustness of multimodal systems against spoofing attacks, and for designing robust ones, remain a very relevant open issue.
Putting the Listening Brain in Context

Speech provides a fleeting signal to the human brain. However, we rarely encounter speech without being provided some form of context. This article is conceived as a primer on forms and levels of context that can benefit the listener in comprehending speech. In an attempt to integrate psychological, audiological, and neuroscientific knowledge with more linguistic views, the neural functional organisation of facilitated speech comprehension particularly from semantic context is reviewed. The limits of contextual benefit as well as its (mal-)adaptive implications for ageing or hearing-impaired listeners are discussed.
From Action to Typology? A Neuro-evolutionary Perspective

The article offers an assessment of David Kemmerer's article ‘The Cross-Linguistic Prevalence of SOV and SVO Word Orders Reflects the Sequential and Hierarchical Representation of Action in Broca's Area’ in the context of the question, ‘How did biological evolution yield a language-ready brain? ’ We argue that the path from praxic actions to grammatical structure is indirect and that comparative neurobiology of human and monkey and computational modeling of neural circuitry may both play a role complementary to that of human neurology and neurolinguistics in tracing the intricacies of that path. We conclude that (a) Kemmerer's focus on BA44 ignores the involvement of a larger system and that the key factor of subject salience is determined by regions outside BA44 supporting the perceptual salience of people within a scene; (b) the ability to process ‘non-canonical’ structures (i.e., structures with a non-default mapping between syntax and semantics) may have been crucial in the evolution of language, and (c) that constituent hierarchies (i.e., the ability to express increasingly more complex information by increasing constituent complexity) also play a particularly important role in explaining the communicative power of language.
Temperature-stable voltage reference based on different threshold voltages of NMOS transistors

A temperature-stable voltage reference based on threshold voltages of enhancement and depletion NMOS transistors has been presented and implemented with a 0.5 µm DPDM CMOS technology. The problem of a fixed voltage reference value is avoided by different parameter design. A significant reduce of temperature dependence of mobility is also achieved. The chip's area is 0.014 mm2. The test results show that the operation supply voltage is from 2 to 5 V, the maximum supply current is 8.24 µA, and the average reference voltage is 765 mV with an average line regulation of ±0.187%/V. A typical temperature coefficient of 39.2 ppm/°C for a temperature range of 0–100°C is obtained. The power-supply rejection ratio, without any filtering capacitors, is −46 dB at 100 Hz and −32 dB at 1 MHz for the smallest supply voltage.
Minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma in the United States: Utilization and short‐term oncologic outcomes

Background and Objectives When performed at select centers, minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIG) for gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with reduced perioperative morbidity, and similar oncologic outcomes as compared to open gastrectomy (OG). Utilization of, and outcomes associated with, MIG in the United States have not been characterized. Methods The National Cancer Database (2010–2011) was queried for AJCC pStage IB-IIIC patients who underwent curative-intent OG (n = 2,303) or MIG (n = 331). Multivariable models identified factors associated with MIG utilization, R0 resection rates, and adequate lymph node staging (LNS). Results MIG was more frequently utilized for T1/T2 (P < 0.001), N0 (P = 0.022), and stage IB (P = 0.001) tumors. MIG was associated with shorter hospital stay (P < 0.001), equivalent lymph node examination (P = 0.337) and superior rates of R0 resection (P = 0.011) compared with OG. In patients undergoing MIG, R0 resection was associated with performance of near-total/total gastrectomy (OR 3.90, 95%CI 1.10–13.9) and tumors < 5 cm (OR 2.78, 95%CI 1.07–7.26). Adequate LNS was associated with surgery at academic (OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.19–3.32) or high-volume facilities (OR 2.97, 95%CI 1.59–5.54), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.10–3.11), and node positivity (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.04–2.93). Conclusions MIG is selectively utilized in cases with favorable tumor characteristics. In such cases, short-term oncologic outcomes are equivalent to those achieved with OG. Worse oncologic outcomes in specific subgroups underscore opportunities for quality improvement. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:616–621. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastasis in Norway: Prognostic factors and oncologic outcome in a national patient cohort

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can offer long‐term survival to patients with resectable peritoneal metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), a condition with otherwise dismal prognosis. This study describes short‐ and long‐term outcome in a national patient cohort and aims to identify prognostic factors.