Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximate and nutritional composition of kola nut (Cola nitida), bitter cola (Garcinia cola) and alligator pepper (Afromomum melegueta)

The proximate composition and the mineral content of three (3) traditional ‘snacks’, kolanut (Cola nitida), bitter kola (Garcinia cola) and alligator pepper (Afromomum melegueta) were evaluated. The results show that C. nitida has the highest moisture, crude fat and crude fibre contents of 66.4, 5.71 and 7.13%, respectively. Protein and ash contents were highest in A. melegueta (7.18 and 2.49%, respectively). G. cola has the least content of all nutrients considered except moisture. Generally, C. nitida and G. cola have relatively comparable nutrient compositions while the composition of A. melegueta is relatively different from those obtained for the other two samples. A. melegueta has non-detectable quantity of potassium and phosphorous but has the highest quantity of calcium (388 mg/Kg dry matter), magnesium (960 mg/Kg), iron (37.8 mg/Kg), zinc (32.93 mg/Kg) and manganese (68.53 mg/Kg). C. nitida has the highest content of potassium (3484.67 mg/Kg) and phosphorous (411.43 mg/Kg). G. cola also recorded the least content of all minerals except K and P which were absent in A. melegueta. Manganese was not detected in either of kola nut or bitter kola.
A Collaborative Indigenous–non-Indigenous Partnership Approach to Understanding Participant Experiences of a Community-Based Healthy Lifestyles Program

We describe the approach of an Indigenous–non-Indigenous research partnership in the context of a qualitative study which aimed to understand barriers and facilitators to engagement in a community-based healthy lifestyles program in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Informed by Kaupapa Māori research principles and by “Community-Up” research values, this collaborative approach between the mixed Māori–non-Māori research team effectively engaged with Māori and non-Māori families for in-depth interviews on participant experience, including with non-service users. “Community-Up” research principles allowed for a respectful process which upheld the mana (status, dignity) of the interview participants and the research team. Challenges included maintaining flexibility in our conceptions of ethnicity to reflect the complexity of modern family life in Aotearoa/New Zealand. We were committed to ongoing communication, awareness, and attention to the relationships that formed the basis of our research partnership, which allowed effective navigation of challenges and was critical to the study’s success.
Breathomics: Review of Sample Collection and Analysis, Data Modeling and Clinical Applications

Abstract Metabolomics research is rapidly gaining momentum in disease diagnosis, on top of other Omics technologies. Breathomics, as a branch of metabolomics is developing in various frontiers, for early and noninvasive monitoring of disease. This review starts with a brief introduction to metabolomics and breathomics. A number of important technical issues in exhaled breath collection and factors affecting the sampling procedures are presented. We review the recent progress in metabolomics approaches and a summary of their applications on the respiratory and non-respiratory diseases investigated by breath analysis. Recent reports on breathomics studies retrieved from Scopus and Pubmed were reviewed in this work. We conclude that analyzing breath metabolites (both volatile and nonvolatile) is valuable in disease diagnoses, and therefore believe that breathomics will turn into a promising noninvasive discipline in biomarker discovery and early disease detection in personalized medicine. The problem of wide variations in the reported metabolite concentrations from breathomics studies should be tackled by developing more accurate analytical methods and sophisticated numerical analytical alogorithms.
Precipitation of copper(II) hydrous oxides and copper(II) basic salts

The precipitation of copper(II) hydrous oxides and basic salts from solutions that became homogeneously alkaline by forced hydrolysis of urea has been studied as a function of solution composition, ageing time and temperature. The time required for the onset of precipitation increased with the initial copper(II) concentration, [CuII]0. The precipitate was found to be amorphous copper hydroxide containing variable amounts of carbonate; at the highest [CuII]0, basic copper nitrate also precipitated. Upon further ageing of the systems, tenorite or malachite particles were formed at the expense of amorphous copper hydroxide; the nature of the final solid phase depended on [CuII]0. In the presence of added sulfate anions, brochantite particles were precipitated; in these cases precipitation took place earlier. All processes occurred at rates that were strongly dependent on temperature, although the sequence of events remained essentially the same.Thermodynamic and kinetic factors influencing the formation of all possible solid phases are discussed. It is shown that spherical monodispersed copper(II) hydrous oxide particles can be synthesized when these factors are taken into account adequately.
Evaluation of primary treatment and loading regimes in the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from urban wastewaters by subsurface-flow constructed wetlands

The ability of several mesocosm-scale horizontal subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands (CW) to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from urban wastewater was assessed in the winter and summer of 2008. As CWs are generally used as secondary or tertiary wastewater treatment systems, their efficacy was compared when fed from two different primary treatment systems, a sedimentation tank and an anaerobic hydrolysis upflow sludge bed reactor (HUSB). The influence of plants (Phragmites australis) in the CWs and their feeding regime (continuous flow or batch flow) on PPCP removal were also monitored. One of the CWs was replicated and operated simultaneously in Barcelona and León, Spain, in order to study the effect of environmental conditions on PPCP removal. All systems operated in the open air. The sedimentation tank offered slightly better removal values throughout the experimental period than the HUSB. The presence of P. australis enhanced the removal of salicylic acid, galaxolide, tonalide and methyl dihydrojasmonate, but only in summer (when plants were more active). The use of a batch flow or a continuous flow made very little difference to PPCP removal efficiency. When the two mesocosm replicates were compared, temperature proved to be one of the most determining parameters affecting PPCP elimination, with naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, caffeine, galaxolide, tonalide and methyl dihydrojasmonate being removed in SSF-CWs more efficiently at higher temperatures. In general, the most easily removed PPCPs in planted CWs were caffeine (14 ± 74%–84 ± 7% in winter, 98 ± 1%–99 ± 1% in summer), methyl dihydrojasmonate (28 ± 21%–63 ± 17% in winter, 93 ± 2%–98 ± 1% in summer) and salicylic acid (0%–97 ± 4% in winter, 41 ± 40%–89 ± 9% in summer), followed by naproxen (0%–41 ± 16% in winter, 60 ± 18%–95 ± 4% in summer) and ibuprofen (0%–47 ± 26% in winter, 35 ± 12%–99 ± 1% in summer). Other substances experimented lower removal efficiencies, like ketoprofen (4 ± 27%–27 ± 14% in winter, 0%–37 ± 32% in summer), diclofenac (0%–22 ± 22% in winter, 0%–71 ± 8% in summer), carbamazepine (0%–9 ± 100% in winter, 0%–58 ± 21% in summer), galaxolide (0% in winter, 25 ± 14%–87 ± 5% in summer) and tonalide (0% in winter, 32 ± 12%–76 ± 12% in summer).
HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION IN SOME FISH TISSUES FROM SOUTH MEDITERRANEAN WATERS, EGYPT

The concentration s of nine heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pd and Zn) were determined in five common fish namely: Sigana-Batata (Siganiis rivulatus), Bouri {Mugil capito\ and Balarnita bed' (Scomber unicolor) from the open sea, facing to Lake Edku, and Bolti Aklidar (Tilapia zillii) and Karmout (Clarias lazera) from Lake Edku. Three metals (Co, Ni and Pd) were not yet detected in the studied fish species during the four seasons. The average concentrations of the other heavy metals analyzed exhibited the following decreasing order: Fe > Zn > Mn >Cd>Cu>Hg. The concentrations of Cu and Zn were lower than the Effect Range-Low (ERL) for all studied fish, while the other metals (Fe, Mn, Cd and Hg) were ranging from over the ERL and under the Effect Range-Median (ERM). These results suggest that the fish collected from open sea and Lake Edku might be considered relatively unpolluted 'with heavy metals. The metal pollution index (MPI) for most studied fish fluctuated between the calculated MPI for ERL and ERM. However, MPI recorded for summer showed the highest value over other seasons in the studied fish samples.
Deposition of Aerosols on Leaves in a Cool-temperate Larch Forest in Northern Hokkaido, Japan

Aerosol concentrations at the CC-Lag site in the Teshio Experimental Forest increased from winter to spring and sometimes showed extremely high values associated with Kosa and/or forest-fire events. The range and mean of the mass concentrations of aerosol chemical species were as follows: total particulate mass, 1.2–29, 5.0; elemental carbon, 0.061–2.2, 0.43; organic carbon, 0.059–3.5, 0.79; and sulfate, 0.12–6.2, 1.8 μg/m3. The total masses of the deposited particles on hybrid larch and on bamboo leaves were approximately 35 and 30 μg/cm2, respectively. The amounts of soil particles on the leaves were 6 μg/cm2 for the upper part of hybrid larch, 2 μg/cm2 for the lower part of hybrid larch, and 1 μg/ cm2 for Sasa bamboo leaves. The amounts of deposited black carbon were 2.3 μg/cm2 for the upper part of hybrid larch, 0.6 μg/cm2 for the lower part of hybrid larch, and 0.2 μg/cm2 for Sasa bamboo leaves. Half of the total deposited particular mass was attached on the hybrid larch; however, most of the total deposited mass was adhered on the Sasa bamboo leaves. Regardless of the species, there tend to be more deposited particles on the leaves in the upper part than in the lower part, with only a few meters height difference. Comparing the composition of the deposited particles to that of the atmospheric aerosols without any size cut, the fractions of water-soluble material sulfate and sea salt in the deposited aerosols were about one tenth and one hundredth lower than that in the aerosols, respectively. On the basis of the measured concentration and the deposited amount on leaves, the deposition velocity of black carbon was estimated to be approximately 0.5 cm/s.
Pathogenesis Study of Enterovirus 71 Using a Novel Human SCARB2 Knock-In Mouse Model

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is associated with severe hand-foot-mouth disease. Recently, outbreaks of EV71 infection with high mortality have been reported in the Asia-Pacific region, posing a great challenge for global public health. ABSTRACT Enterovirus 71 (EV71) can cause a severe hand-foot-mouth disease in children. However, the precise mechanism of EV71-associated disease, particularly the neuropathogenesis and pulmonary disorder, is still not fully understood because no suitable animal models are available. The human scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (hSCARB2), is a cellular receptor for EV71. Here, we generated a novel knock-in (KI) mouse model using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to insert the hSCARB2 gene into the mouse Rosa26 locus to study the pathogenesis of EV71. The hSCARB2 KI mice infected with clinical isolates of EV71 showed neurological symptoms, such as ataxia, paralysis, and death. Viral replication was detected in mainly astrocytes and a limited number of neurons and microglia, accompanied by gliosis. Vascular leakage and alveoli filled with erythrocytes were detected, suggesting that edema and hemorrhage, which are observed in human patients, also occurred in EV71-infected KI mice. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly increased in the serum of infected KI mice. These pathological features of the KI mice after infection resembled those of EV71 encephalomyelitis in humans. Therefore, our KI mouse model is suitable to study the pathogenesis of EV71 and is of great significance for development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to treat or prevent EV71 infection. IMPORTANCE Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is associated with severe hand-foot-mouth disease. Recently, outbreaks of EV71 infection with high mortality have been reported in the Asia-Pacific region, posing a great challenge for global public health. To date, the precise mechanism of EV71-induced disease, particularly the neuropathogenesis and respiratory disorders, is still not fully understood because no suitable animal models are available. Human scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (hSCARB2), has been identified as a cellular receptor for EV71. Here, we introduce a novel CRISPR/Cas9-mediated hSCARB2 knock-in (KI) mouse model for the study of EV71 pathogenesis, which is of great significance for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.
Combined natural organic and synthetic inorganic coagulants for surface water treatment.

The purified coagulant from Moringa oleifera obtained by simple ion exchange purification was used for the removal of turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacteria from surface water. The natural coagulant was used as a primary coagulant and as a coagulant aid with metal salts. Different water quality and operational parameters such as pH, turbidity and mixing conditions were investigated. Characterization studies using fluorescence excitation emission matrix indicated that the coagulant protein from M. oleifera was a tyrosine-like protein. Turbidity and bacteria ( Escherichia coli ) removal efficiency of the purified M. oleifera and metal coagulants were similar. While the removal of bacteria by metal salts was mainly due to coagulation/flocculation, the removal by M. oleifera coagulant was as a result of both coagulation and growth inhibition, which is expected to improve sludge microbiological quality. Among the operational parameters, slow mixing time significantly influenced performance of natural coagulant. At optimum dosages, the crude extract increased the DOC of the treated water significantly whereas the purified coagulant showed a significant removal of fulvic-like DOC fraction. When used in combination with metal salts, adding of M. oleifera before the metal salts showed better turbidity and DOC removal than adding it after the metal salts.
Slowing Progression in CKD: DAPA CKD and Beyond.

and SGLT2i. Although the numbers remain small, we are unable to conclude whether there are additive effects of the two agents. As both compounds have an effect on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes and there is a known complex interaction by which progression of one can affect progression of the other, these ﬁ ndings are exciting. The reduction in cardiovascular outcomes and, in particular, heart failure admis-sion and visits, is of particular value to patients and health care systems and should be highlighted.
Preparation and Characterization of Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films

Thin films of Y-Ba-Cu-O system have been prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering technique. The films were crystallized through post annealing and superconductivity was appeared. The film on R-plane of sapphire showed superconducting transition with an onset temperature at 94 K and zero-ρ state was achieved below 70 K.
D,L‐α‐Tocopherol Synthesis Catalyzed by the Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids

Abstract The synthesis of D,L‐α‐tocopherol from trimethylhydroquinone and isophytol using the Brønsted acidic SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts was explored. The catalytic activities of the SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquids were dependent on their anions. The yield of D,L‐α‐tocopherol also depended on the solvent, which was the reaction medium. A yield of 94.3% was obtained using the SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquid with [BF4 −] anion as catalyst in propylene carbonate/heptane. The reaction mixture exhibited good biphasic behaviors, so that the produced D,L‐α‐tocopherol could be separated by decantation. The SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquids could be reused after the removal of water.
Anaesthesia of laboratory, aquaculture and ornamental fish: Proceedings of the first LASA-FVS Symposium

Following on from the Annual Fish Veterinary Society Conference, this symposium was organised with the Laboratory Animal Science Association and brought together experts from ornamental (pond and aquarium) fish practice, aquaculture and aquatic-research facilities to discuss good practice of anaesthesia. This proceedings paper gives an overview of relevant experiences involving a range of immersion drugs including tricaine, benzocaine and isoeugenol, as well as a summary of the main topics of discussion. While fish anaesthesia is commonplace, administration methods, drugs and monitoring procedures may often be regarded as antiquated when compared with mammalian practice. These limitations notwithstanding, individual fish will benefit from good anaesthetic monitoring. Although the most common anaesthetic drugs may be perceived as equally efficacious and therefore interchangeable for different settings, challenges are different for the anaesthesia of grouped fish, when determining species-dependent anaesthetic dosing in a multi-species tank, or adapting to farming requirements, nationally licensed products, costs and withdrawal periods. The fish anaesthetic arsenal fails to address premedication, analgesia and issues of averseness. The two latter factors should be part of the evaluation of anaesthetic protocols; therefore, instructions for the analgesic provision of lidocaine to fin clipped zebrafish are proposed. Euthanasia practices could sometimes be refined too. Alternative physical methods such as electrical stunning are options to be considered.
A meta‐analysis of human papillomavirus prevalence and types among Iranian women with normal cervical cytology, premalignant lesions, and cervical cancer

In this study, all data from Iran on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and types among women with normal cervical cytology, premalignant lesions, and cervical cancer were obtained and pooled. The overall HPV prevalence was found to be 9% in women with a normal cervix, 55% in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or atypia cases, 58% and 69% in women with low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, respectively, and 81% among women with invasive cervical cancer. In all of the studied groups, HPV 16 was the most common HPV type, followed by HPV 18. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis revealed that it will be beneficial if current HPV vaccines are integrated into the national vaccination programs of Iran.
Recent Advances in Nonlinear Optical and Electro-Optical Materials

The discovery of optical second harmonic generation in crystals by Franken and his co-workers ( 1 ) in 1961 spurred rapid progress in nonlinear optics. Over the past two decades, this field has developed into a new branch of science (2). The rapid development was mainly due to simultaneous progress in laser technology. Only a laser can provide sufficiently strong, coherent radiation that can be efficiently converted in frequency and modulated in amplitude by nonlinear optical (NLO) and electro-optical (EO) effects. After the discovery of the NLO effect, scientists immediately recognized that any practical applications of NLO would depend on the development of new materials. Today some scientists are even inclined to think of NLO crystals as the future optical semiconductors, and the search for new materials is still very active. Historically, the development of NLO can be divided into three stages. The first stage was from 196 1 to the mid 1960s. During this period, the nonlinear response of matter was recognized in theory to be dependent upon susceptibilities X(n) and the applied optical electric field as shown in
miR‐221‐3p regulates apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells via targeting FOXO1 in older women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR)

In our earlier study, we showed that the expression of microRNA‐221‐3p (miR‐221‐3p) was significantly lower in women of advanced age with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) compared with young women with normal ovarian reserve (NOR). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore how miR‐221‐3p regulates apoptosis of granulosa cells and the pathogenesis of DOR. Bioinformatics prediction and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were conducted to identify the target gene of miR‐221‐3p. miR‐221‐3p expression was manipulated by transfecting KGN cells with miR‐221‐3p mimics, inhibitor, and negative control. Following transfection, apoptosis of granulosa cells was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of the target gene was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot analysis (WB). In addition, the expression of the target gene in granulosa cells of DOR patients and NOR patients was measured. miR‐221‐3p were found to directly bind the 3ʹ untranslated region of Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). Transfection with miR‐221‐3p mimics significantly decreased the apoptosis rate of KGN cells compared with transfection with miR‐221‐3p inhibitors. The expression level of miR‐221‐3p was negatively correlated with the messenger RNA and protein levels of the FOXO1 gene. Besides, FOXO1 expression was upregulated in DOR patients. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that downregulation of miR‐221‐3p expression promotes apoptosis of granulosa cells by upregulating FOXO1 expression, thus serving an important role in DOR pathogenesis.
Novel Fabrication of Conductive Polymers Contained Micro‐Array Gas Sensitive Films Using A Micromanipulation Method

A novel method for fabricating a micro gas sensor film on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode patterned using micro-machining technology was developed. A micromanipulation system equipped with a counter electrode (Au; O10 μm) and a microsyringe, which was connected to a microinjection system, was first constructed. With this system, micro gas sensor arrays could be successfully prepared on ITO electrodes. Two kinds of micro gas sensor films were prepared, based on polythiophene (PTh) and poly(3-n-dodecylthiophene) (PD). The response behavior of conventional PTh and micro-PTh films against NH3 at three different operating temperatures (25, 40 and 60 °C) was investigated by measuring the resistance of the film. With the micro-PTh film, a reversible response was observed against NH3 when measured at 40 and 60 °C. In addition, the responsive characteristics of the microsensor films against different testing gases were examined at the three operating temperatures. The resistance of the microsensor films of PTh and PD changed considerably, depending on the type of testing gas, allowing these sensor films to be used for the detection of various gases. Furthermore, the microsensor films had a high stability compared with conventional films prepared from the same polymer.
Utilization of the Specific Pseudocapacitance for Determination of the Area of Corroding Steel Surfaces

Abstract Determination of the capacitance of a corroding metal-electrolyte interface offers the possibility of an independent measurement of the area of the corroding metal. This in turn allows for the evaluation of the corrosion rate from the current calculated from the measured polarization resistance (ΔV/ΔI). Low carbon steel in fully aerated 1 M sodium sulfate solution was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate the interfacial capacitance as well as the polarization and ohmic resistances. The value of the capacitance per surface area unit was determined with samples ranging from 0.5 to 40 cm2 over periods of up to 1000 h. The capacitance values changed quite rapidly during the first 72 h while the local chemistry and corrosion potential were stabilizing and then slowly increased to a stable level in ∼500 h. A specific capacitance of ∼200 µF/cm2 was determined and is being applied to polarization resistance values from buried gas transmission pipeline samples to det.