Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolating the signal of ocean global warming

Identifying the signature of global warming in the world's oceans is challenging because low frequency circulation changes can dominate local temperature changes. The IPCC fourth assessment reported an average ocean heating rate of 0.21 ± 0.04 Wm−2 over the period 1961–2003, with considerable spatial, interannual and inter‐decadal variability. We present a new analysis of millions of ocean temperature profiles designed to filter out local dynamical changes to give a more consistent view of the underlying warming. Time series of temperature anomaly for all waters warmer than 14°C show large reductions in interannual to inter‐decadal variability and a more spatially uniform upper ocean warming trend (0.12 Wm−2 on average) than previous results. This new measure of ocean warming is also more robust to some sources of error in the ocean observing system. Our new analysis provides a useful addition for evaluation of coupled climate models, to the traditional fixed depth analyses.
Identification of Adult Mouse Neurovirulence Determinants of the Sindbis Virus Strain AR86

ABSTRACT Sindbis virus infection of mice has provided valuable insight into viral and host factors that contribute to virus-induced neurologic disease. In an effort to further define the viral genetic elements that contribute to adult mouse neurovirulence, the neurovirulent Sindbis virus strain AR86 was compared to the closely related (22 single amino acid coding changes and the presence or absence of an 18-amino-acid sequence in nsP3 [positions 386 to 403]) but avirulent Girdwood strain. Initial studies using chimeric viruses demonstrated that genetic elements within the nonstructural and structural coding regions contributed to AR86 neurovirulence. Detailed mapping studies identified three major determinants in the nonstructural region, at nsP1 538 (Ile to Thr; avirulent to virulent), an 18-amino-acid deletion in nsP3 (positions 386 to 403), and nsP3 537 (opal to Cys; avirulent to virulent), as well as a single determinant in the structural genes at E2 243 (Leu to Ser; avirulent to virulent), which were essential for AR86 adult mouse neurovirulence. Replacing these codons in AR86 with those found in Girdwood resulted in the attenuation of AR86, while the four corresponding AR86 changes in the Girdwood genetic background increased virulence to the level of wild-type AR86. The attenuating mutations did not adversely affect viral replication in vitro, and the attenuated viruses established infection in the brain and spinal cord as efficiently as the virulent viruses. However, the virus containing the four virulence determinants grew to higher levels in the spinal cord at late times postinfection, suggesting that the virus containing the four attenuating determinants either failed to spread or was cleared more efficiently than the wild-type virus.
UPTAKE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER CANDIDATES BY PIGEON OPTIC TECTUM

—The kinetics of the uptake of various compounds into the crude mitochondrial fraction (P2‐fraction) of the pigeon optic tectum were studied. Aspartate, GABA, glutamate, glycine, proline and choline were taken up by high and low affinity systems. Only low affinity uptake was found for leucine and dopamine. The uptake for taurine was not saturable. The uptakes for all of the above compounds were temperature and sodium dependent. The high affinity system was more effected by sodium withdrawal than the low affinity system. Continuous sucrose gradients from 0.4 to 1.5 m were run with incubated P2 fractions. Particle‐bound radioactivity sedimented in a density range of 1.0 to 1.2 m‐sucrose. Additional experiments with glutamate showed that its uptake is competitively inhibited by aspartate. The addition of a 1000‐fold excess of glutamate to a P2 fraction incubated at a concentration of 10–6m‐glutamate led to a massive decrease of particle‐bound radioactivity, suggesting a coupled action of uptake and efflux.
Voltage rise mitigation and low voltage ride through capabilities for grid-connected low voltage microgrids

The total real power injected by distributed renewable energy sources (RES) in the low voltage (LV) grids can cause voltage rise effects during light load scenarios. Integrating RES in microgrid architectures can result in improved power quality of the electrical grid, by avoiding the voltage rise effect from occurring and also by providing ancillary services to the grid. In this paper, a cascaded hierarchical architecture was proposed with the aim to regulate the voltage magnitude and reactive power at the point of common coupling (PCC) of the microgrid. This enables the microgrid to maximize the real power injected in the grid while avoiding the voltage rise effect. In addition, the hierarchical architecture can also support the LV grid during faults due to the added low voltage ride through capability of the microgrid.
Un‐ionized Ammonia Exposure in Nile Tilapia: Toxicity, Stress Response, and Susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae

Abstract A series of experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity, behavior, blood glucose stress response, and disease susceptibility in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following un-ionized ammonia (UIA) exposure. The acute toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to Nile tilapia was measured in a 96-h static test. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 1.46 mg/L UIA at 24 and 48 h postexposure, 1.33 mg/L at 72 h postexposure, and 0.98 mg/L at 96 h postexposure. No mortalities were noted in unexposed (0 mg/L) control fish or fish exposed to 0.5 mg/L UIA. However, 93–100% mortalities were observed within 24 h among fish exposed to 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 mg/L UIA. In additional UIA exposure experiments, Nile tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.32–0.37 mg/L UIA) for 24 h and then administered an intraperitoneal injection with 750 colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus agalactiae per fish. Mortalities of UIA-exposed and control fish were not significantly different 21 d postchallenge. Blo.
The Structure of Periodic Review Policies in the Presence of Random Yield

This work provides a comprehensive analysis of a general periodic review production/inventory model with random (variable) yield. Existence of an order point whose value does not depend on yield being random is proved in the single period case without specifying the yield model and using a very general cost structure. When yield is a random multiple of lot size, the nonorder-up-to optimal policy is characterized for a finite-horizon model. The finite-horizon value functions are shown to converge to the solution of an infinite-horizon functional equation, and the infinite-horizon order point is shown to be no smaller than when yield is certain.
Combination of "low-dose" ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a therapy followed by interferon alfa-2a monotherapy in chronic HCV-infected non-responders and relapsers after interferon alfa-2a monotherapy.

AIM To report on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of interferon alfa-2a combined with a low dose of ribavirin for relapsers and non-responders to alpha interferon monotherapy. METHODS Thirty four chronic hepatitis C virus-infected non responders to interferon alfa-2a monotherapy (a course of at least 3 months treatment) and 13 relapsers to interferon alfa-2a monotherapy (a dose of 3 to 6 million units three times per week for at least 20 weeks but not more than 18 months) were treated with the same dose of interferon alfa-2a used before (3 to 6 million units three times per week) and ribavirin (10mg/kg daily) for 6 months. In complete responders, interferon alfa-2a was administered for further 6 months at the same dose used before as monotherapy. RESULTS Seven (20.6%) of 34 non responders stopped the combined therapy due to adverse events, including two patients with histological and clinical Child A cirrhosis. In 17/27 (63%) non responders, the combined therapy was stopped after three months because of non response. Ten of the 27 non responders completed the 12 month treatment course. At a mean follow up of 28 months (16-37 months) after the treatment, 4/10 (15%) previous non responders still remained complete responders. All 13 previous relapsers completed the 12-month treatment course. At a mean follow up of 22 months (9-36 months) after treatment, 6/13 (46%) the previous relapsers were still sustained complete responders. CONCLUSION Our treatment schedule of the combined therapy for 6 months of interferon Alfa-2a with a low dose of ribavirin (10mg/kg/day) followed by 6 months of interferon Alfa-2a monotherapy is able to induce a sustained complete response rate in 15% of non responders and 46% of relapsers with chronic hepatitis C virus related liver diseases comparable to those obtained with the standard doses of ribavirin 1000-1200 mg/day. Randomized prospective controlled trials using lower total amounts of ribavirin in combination with interferon should be performed.
Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policies on Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigerian Democracy

The research deals with analysis of Nigeria democracy and its impact on fiscal and monetary policies. Secondary data from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) was mainly used for this study. The study adopted descriptive statistics, regression and correlation analysis on fiscal and monetary variables (i.e., inflation, interest rate, narrow money, broad money, government recurrent and capital expenditure). The objectives of the study are to describe the trend of policy variables; examine the impact of fiscal and monetary instruments on economic growth (i.e, Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) as proxy for economic growth) and to make recommendations based on the research findings. The results revealed that there has been fluctuation in the trend of policy variables in Nigeria (i.e., inflation rate, interest rate, narrow money, broad money, government re-current and capital expenditure) considered with reference to the stable democracy in Nigeria between 1999-2008. The results also show that 96.3% of the variation (model 1) has been explained by the explanatory variables, 98.1% of the variation in dependent variable (model 2) has been explained by the explanatory variable, 99.4% of the total variation in dependent variable has been explained by the explanatory variables (model 3) and 85.7% of the variation in dependent variable (model 4) has been explained by the explanatory variables. The results further showed that broad money and re-current expenditure have positive relationship with RGDP which shows that a unit increase in the aforementioned variables will lead to a unit increase in GDP, but re-current expenditure is 5% significant with broad money having no significant level. Narrow money, inflation, interest rate and capital expenditure have negative impact on GDP, though; interest rate is significant at 10% probability level. The correlation results further showed that narrow money, broad money and government recurrent expenditure are significant at 1% probability level while government capital expenditure is significant at 5% probability level with inflation and interest rate having no significant relationship and negatively related with RGDP. The study concluded that narrow money, broad money, government recurrent expenditure and capital expenditure are significant variables that affect economic growth in Nigeria.
Clinicobiological Profile and Management Outcomes of Male Subfertility

Introduction: We aim to determine the epidemiology, clinical, paraclinical and etiologic aspects and to evaluate the management of male subfertility in urology. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 137 patients referred to the urology department for male subfertility over a period of 4 years. The analyzed variables were: clinical, paraclinical characteristics and the post therapeutic evolution. Results: The mean age was 38.41 years (range: 24 to 67 years). The semen analysis was normal in 18 patients. The semen analysis showed oligoasthenozoospermia (45.3%) and total azoospermia (24.8%). Disease history was represented by: gonorrhea (27.7%), urogenital schistosomiasis (13.2%) and hernia repair (1.2%). The hormonal test showed abnormal hormone levels including: FSH (43.8%), LH (46.7%), testosterone (36.5%), prolactin (22.6%). The incriminated etiologic factors were: varicocele (5.8 %), smoking (23.7%), alcohol intake (25.4%) and sexually transmitted diseases (42.3%). The treatment was medical in 67.9% and surgical in 32.1% of cases. After a year of follow up, 13.9% of patient’s wives were pregnant. Conclusion: Male subfertility is common in Chad. The causes are numerous and diverse. The treatment is etiology based. A better management of sexually transmitted diseases and urogenital schistosomiasis is the best way to prevent it.
Naturopathic Medicine

ation with ovarian cancer. • Limit corn, safflower, and soybean oils due to high omega-6 fatty acid content. • Consume some sources of omega-3 fatty acids daily: cold-water fish (eg, salmon, trout, sardines, herring, tuna), flaxseed, walnuts, soybeans, and canola oil. • Obtain adequate amounts of zinc and selenium for a healthy immune system. Zinc sources include fish, oysters, whole-grain cereals, beans, nuts, and seeds. Selenium sources include Brazil nuts, seafood, and whole grains (depending on the selenium content of the soil).
Identification of a functional mutation in pp32r1 (ANP32C)

No mutations or polymorphisms have previously been reported in pp32r1 (ANP32C; GenBank: AF008216.1). pp32r1 is part of the highly conserved ANP32 family, some of whose members are associated with control of histone acetylation, mRNA stability, and specialized forms of apoptosis. Although 87.6% identical at the protein level, pp32r1 is functionally distinct from pp32 (ANP32A) in its failure to suppress oncogenesis in in vitro transformation systems and its tumorigenicity in in vivo assays. The present study found that pp32r1 expression levels vary among human tumor cell lines, with the highest levels found in prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. pp32r1 also appears to be polymorphic at nucleotide g.4520 and nucleotide g.4664 in human tobacco‐associated oral mucosal lesions, human fibroblast cell lines, and several carcinoma cell lines. PC‐3 human prostatic adenocarcinoma cells likewise appear to be polymorphic at these loci, but additionally contain a g.4870T>C transversion mutation. The mutation results in a p.Tyr140His substitution, which lies in a functionally important region of the molecule. In the PC‐3 prostate cancer line, the mutation is either homozygous, or hemizygous accompanied by loss of heterozygosity. ACHN cells stably transfected with pp32r1 containing this mutation showed a markedly increased rate of growth. The pp32r1 mutation could thus be causally associated with the neoplastic growth properties of PC‐3, and be of potential clinical significance. Hum Mutat 23:546–551, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobile Agents: Future Directions for Mobile Agent Research

During a discussion in September 2000 the authors examined the future of research on mobile agents and mobile code. (A mobile agent is a running program that can move from host to host in network at times and to places of its own choosing.) In this paper we summarize and reflect on that discussion. It became clear that the field should shift its emphasis toward mobile code, in all its forms, rather than to continue its narrow focus on mobile agents. Furthermore, we encourage the development of modular components, so that application designers may take advantage of code mobility without needing to rewrite their application to fit in a monolithic mobileagent system. There are many potential applications that may productively use mobile code, but there is no “killer application” for mobile agents. Finally, we note that although security is an important and challenging problem, there are many applications and environments with security requirements well within the capability of existing mobile-code and mobile-agent frameworks.
Metacognitive Experiences in Consumer Judgment and Decision Making

Human reasoning is accompanied by meta-cognitive experiences, most notably the ease or difficulty of recall and thought generation and the fluency with which new information can be processed. These experiences are informative in their own right. They can serve as a basis of judgment in addition to, or at the expense of, declarative information and can qualify the conclusions drawn from recalled content. What exactly people conclude from a given meta-cognitive experience depends on the naive theory of mental processes they bring to bear, rendering the outcomes highly variable. The obtained judgments cannot be predicted on the basis of accessible declarative information alone; we cannot understand human judgment without taking the interplay of declarative and experiential information into account.
SOFC detector for portable gas chromatography: High-sensitivity detection of dissolved gases in transformer oil

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is widely used in diagnosing the incipient faults of power transformer. The detector is the key component for this method. Despite various sensors for DGA application, many of them suffer from poor stability and low sensitivity. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) detector is designed in this paper to address these problems. The mechanism of the detector is briefly introduced, and it is fabricated in a mold. The test process is elucidated. For calibration purpose, two mathematical models of the detector, i.e., double-logarithmic model (DLM) and linearity model (LM), are compared with each other. Experimental results demonstrate that the SOFC detector exhibits good repeatability at given concentrations and excellent linearity with DLM. The results indicate that accurate and high-precision measurement of H2, CH4, CO, C2H4, C2H6, and C2H2 can be achieved using the SOFC detector and the proposed DLM.
Optimal Encoding of Binary Cyclic Codes

This paper considers the optimal generator matrices of a given binary cyclic code over a binary symmetric channel with crossover probability p → 0 when the goal is to minimize the probability of an information bit error. A given code has many encoder realizations and the information bit error probability is a function of this realization. Our goal here is to seek the optimal realization of encoding functions by taking advantage of the structure of the codes, and to derive the probability of information bit error when possible. We derive some sufficient conditions for a binary cyclic code to have systematic optimal generator matrices under bounded distance decoding and determine many cyclic codes with such properties. We also present some binary cyclic codes whose optimal generator matrices are non-systematic under complete decoding.
Carbene Radicals in Cobalt(II) Porphyrin-Catalysed Carbene Carbonylation Reactions; A Catalytic Approach to Ketenes

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Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension: comparison of soluble epoxide hydrolase deletion vs. inhibition.

AIMS The C-terminal domain of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) metabolizes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to their less active diols, while the N-terminal domain demonstrates lipid phosphatase activity. As EETs are potent vasoconstrictors in the pulmonary circulation, we assessed the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by exposure to hypoxia (10% O(2)) for 21 days in wild-type (WT) and sEH(-/-) mice and compared the effects with chronic (4 months) sEH inhibition. METHODS AND RESULTS In isolated lungs from WT mice, acute hypoxic vasoconstriction (HPV) was potentiated by sEH inhibition and attenuated by an EET antagonist. After prolonged hypoxia, the acute HPV and sensitivity to the EET antagonist were increased, but potentiation of vasoconstriction following sEH inhibition was not evident. Chronic hypoxia also stimulated the muscularization of pulmonary arteries and decreased sEH expression in WT mice. In normoxic sEH(-/-) mice, acute HPV and small artery muscularization were greater than that in WT lungs and enhanced muscularization was accompanied with decreased voluntary exercise capacity. Acute HPV in sEH(-/-) mice was insensitive to sEH inhibition but inhibited by the EET antagonist and chronic hypoxia induced an exaggerated pulmonary vascular remodelling. In WT mice, chronic sEH inhibition increased serum EET levels but failed to affect acute HPV, right ventricle weight, pulmonary artery muscularization, or voluntary running distance. In human donor lungs, the sEH was expressed in the wall of pulmonary arteries, however, sEH expression was absent in samples from patients with pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSION These data suggest that a decrease in sEH expression is intimately linked to pathophysiology of hypoxia-induced pulmonary remodelling and hypertension. However, as sEH inhibitors do not promote the development of pulmonary hypertension it seems likely that the N-terminal lipid phosphatase may play a role in the development of this disease.
Class-Uniformly Resolvable Group Divisible Structures II: Frames

We consider Class-Uniformly Resolvable frames (CURFs), which are group divisible designs with partial resolution classes subject to the class-uniform condition. We derive the necessary conditions, including extremal bounds, build the foundation for general CURF constructions, including a frame variant of the $\lambda$ blow-up construction from part I. We also establish a PBD-closure result. For CURFs with blocks of size two and three we determine the existence of CURFs of type $g^u$, completely for $g=3$, with a small list of exceptions for $g=6$, asymptotically for $g=4,5$ and give some other infinite families.
Eye Movements and Visual Memory for Scenes

Abstract : In this chapter we discuss three types of memory that are relevant for understanding how scene representations are generated over the course of scene viewing. We focus particularly on scene memory generated dynamically across eye movements, and we highlight studies that record eye movements. We argue that the results of studies focusing on transsaccadic memory, active on-line scene memory, and long-term scene memory converge on the conclusion that relatively detailed visual scene representations are retained both over the short and long term, and that these representations are generated incidentally as a consequence of scene viewing.
Endocrine tumors: evaluation of the thyroid nodule

Thyroid nodules are found in 4 to 7% of the population, and with the increased use of radiographic methods, incidental nodules are becoming more prevalent. Only 5% of all nodules will be malignant, and thyroid cancer accounts for only 0.4% of all cancer deaths. The preferred diagnostic approach is early referral, avoidance of numerous radiologic evaluations, and early performance fine-needle aspiration. This article reviews the literature of the last 12 months and discusses some of the new molecular, genetic, and immunostaining techniques in the evaluation of thyroid nodules.