Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis in infection-associated acute renal failure in Vietnam.

BACKGROUND In some parts of the world, peritoneal dialysis is widely used for renal replacement in acute renal failure. In resource-rich countries, it has been supplanted in recent years by hemodialysis and, most recently, by hemofiltration and associated techniques. The relative efficacy of peritoneal dialysis and hemofiltration is not known. METHODS We conducted an open, randomized comparison of pumped venovenous hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis in patients with infection-associated acute renal failure in an infectious-disease referral hospital in Vietnam. RESULTS Seventy adult patients with severe falciparum malaria (48 patients) or sepsis (22 patients) were enrolled; 34 were assigned to hemofiltration and 36 to peritoneal dialysis. The mortality rate was 47 percent (17 patients) in the group assigned to peritoneal dialysis, as compared with 15 percent (5 patients) in the group assigned to hemofiltration (P=0.005). The rates of resolution of acidosis and of decline in the serum creatinine concentration in the group assigned to hemofiltration were more than twice those in the group assigned to peritoneal dialysis (P<0.005), and renal-replacement therapy was required for a significantly shorter period. In a multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for death was 5.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 16) and that for a need for future dialysis was 4.7 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 17) in the group assigned to peritoneal dialysis. The cost of hemofiltration per survivor was less than half that of peritoneal dialysis, and the cost per life saved was less than one third. CONCLUSIONS Hemofiltration is superior to peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of infection-associated acute renal failure.
Strangers With Benefits

Research typically reveals that outgroups are regarded with disinterest at best and hatred and enmity at worst. Working from an evolutionary framework, we identify a unique pattern of outgroup attraction. The small-group lifestyle of pre-human ancestors plausibly limited access to genetically diverse mates. Ancestral females may have solved the inbreeding dilemma while balancing parental investment pressures by mating with outgroup males either via converting to an outgroup or cuckolding the ingroup. A vestige of those mating strategies might manifest in human women as a cyclic pattern of attraction across the menstrual cycle, such that attraction to outgroup men increases as fertility increases across the cycle. Two studies, one using a longitudinal method and the other an experimental method, evidenced the hypothesized linear relationship between attraction to outgroup men and fertility in naturally cycling women.
Performance of Receiver in System with Cooperative Reception

In this paper is analyzed capacity and rate improvement due to cooperation in a network where cooperating terminals are close together. Cooperation between terminals is used for minimizing fading induced by multipath propagation in wireless networks. The cooperation techniques exploit space diversity available through cooperating terminals' relaying signals for one another. Depending on allocated power among terminals in network along with full or partial channel state information (CSI), there are variations in system performances.
Low Cost Real Time Robust Identification of Impulsive Signals

— This paper describes an automated implementable system for impulsive signals detection and recognition. The system uses a Digital Signal Processing device for the detection and identification process. Here the system analyses the signals in real time in order to produce a particular response if needed. The system analyses the signals in real time in order to produce a specific output if needed. Detection is achieved through normalizing the inputs and comparing the read signals to a dynamic threshold and thus avoiding detections linked to loud or fluctuating environing noise. Identification is done through neuronal network algorithms. As a setup our system can receive signals to “learn” certain patterns. Through “learning” the system can recognize signals faster, inducing flexibility to new patterns similar to those known. Sound is captured through a simple jack input, and could be changed for an enhanced recording surface such as a wide-area recorder. Furthermore a communication module can be added to the apparatus to send alerts to another interface if needed.
The tunnelling field effect transistors (TFET): the temperature dependence, the simulation model, and its application

The TFET is an alternative device for deep sub-micron CMOS with very good short channel and leakage characteristics. The paper presents investigations on properties important for circuit implementation: measurements are performed to verify the working principle and the temperature dependence of the TFET. A simulation model is developed and fitted to the silicon results to be able to do circuit design. Using the simulation models for the n-channel and p-channel device, the complementary inverter is analyzed and compared to the standard CMOS implementation.
Altered Gene Expression in Rat Colonic Adenocarcinomas Induced in an Azoxymethane plus 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-b]- Pyridine Initiation-Promotion Model

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the most abundant food-derived mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amine (HCA), has attracted particular attention as a probable human colon carcinogen. Some studies have shown that PhIP administered in the post-initiation phase is able to enhance rat colon carcinogenesis remarkably. To determine whether this genotoxicant leaves a DNA footprint in colon carcinogenesis, 6-week-old male F344 rats were first subcutaneously injected with azoxymethane (AOM) and then continuously treated with various doses (0–200 ppm) of PhIP added to their diet. Animals were killed at week 36 for histopathological examination, and colonic adenocarcinomas derived from animals receiving 0, 50 and 200 ppm PhIP were subjected to a novel three-dimensional (3D)-microarray and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. A total of five candidate genes were identified in adenocarcinomas following 200 ppm of PhIP and AOM initiation, with a dose-dependent increment. Among them, Stat1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) and VEGFc (vascular endothelial growth factor c) demonstrated statistically significant upregulation by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) and VEGFa showed a non-significant tendency to increase. In summary, overexpression of Stat1, VEGF and other genes could be involved in PhIP-enhanced colon tumorigenesis in the post-initiation phase.
Mechanisms underlying quadriceps weakness in knee osteoarthritis.

PURPOSE To identify determinants of quadriceps weakness among persons with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS One-hundred twenty-three individuals (mean age 64.9 +/- 8.5 yr) with Kellgren/Lawrence grade IV knee OA participated. Quadriceps strength (MVIC) and volitional muscle activation (CAR) were measured using a burst superimposition test. Muscle composition (lean muscle cross-sectional area (LMCSA) and fat CSA (FCSA)) were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. Specific strength (MVIC/LMCSA) was computed. Interlimb differences were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests. Regression analysis was applied to identify determinants of MVIC. An alpha level of 0.05 was adopted. RESULTS The OA limb was significantly weaker, had lower CAR, and had smaller LMCSA than the contralateral limb. CAR explained 17% of the variance in the contralateral limb's MVIC compared with 40% in the OA limb. LMCSA explained 41% of the variance in the contralateral limb's MVIC compared with 27% in the OA limb. CONCLUSION Both reduced CAR and LMCSA contribute to muscle weakness in persons with knee OA. Similar to healthy elders, the best predictor of strength in the contralateral, nondiseased limb was largely determined by LMCSA, whereas CAR was found to be the primary determinant of strength in the OA limb. Deficits in CAR may undermine the effectiveness of volitional strengthening programs in targeting quadriceps weakness in the OA population.
The effect of a pre‐operative infusion of Ringer's solution on splanchnic perfusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Summary Surgical patients develop a fluid deficit during pre‐operative starvation. This study examines the effects of pre‐operative fluid administration on haemodynamic variables, oxygenation and splanchnic perfusion in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Forty‐eight patients were randomised to receive either a pre‐operative crystalloid infusion (crystalloid group, n = 24) or no infusion (control group, n = 24). Patients in the crystalloid group received a continuous infusion of Ringer's solution at 1.5 ml.kg−1.h−1 from 22:00 h until induction of anaesthesia the next morning. Immediately before induction of anaesthesia, all patients were given a colloid infusion to increase pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure to similar levels inboth groups. Haemodynamic and oxygenation parameters were measured using invasive cardiovascular monitoring, and splanchnic perfusion was assessed by indocyanine green clearance. Patients in the crystalloid group received a mean (SD) of 1008 (140) ml of Ringer's solution overnight. Patients in the crystalloid group had a higher splanchnic blood flow than the control group before induction of anaesthesia [mean (SD) = 1782 (573) ml.min−1 vs. 1391 (333) ml.min−1, p < 0.05]. There were no significant differences in systemic haemodynamic data and global oxygenation parameters between the two groups. Pre‐operative infusion of crystalloid appears to result in an improvement in pre‐operative splanchnic perfusion.
Metabolism of Inorganic N Compounds by Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Ammonia oxidizing bacteria extract energy for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Ammonia monooxygenase, which initiates ammonia oxidation, remains enigmatic given the lack of purified preparations. Genetic and biochemical studies support a model for the enzyme consisting of three subunits and metal centers of copper and iron. Knowledge of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, which oxidizes hydroxylamine formed by ammonia monooxygenase to nitrite, is informed by a crystal structure and detailed spectroscopic and catalytic studies. Other inorganic nitrogen compounds, including NO, N2O, NO2, and N2 can be consumed and/or produced by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. NO and N2O can be produced as byproducts of hydroxylamine oxidation or through nitrite reduction. NO2 can serve as an alternative oxidant in place of O2 in some ammonia-oxidizing strains. Our knowledge of the diversity of inorganic N metabolism by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria continues to grow. Nonetheless, many questions remain regarding the enzymes and genes involved in these processes and the role of these pathways in ammonia oxidizers.
Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms: progress, problems and prospects.

BACKGROUND The nuclear DNA amount in an unreplicated haploid chromosome complement (1C-value) is a key diversity character with many uses. Angiosperm C-values have been listed for reference purposes since 1976, and pooled in an electronic database since 1997 (http://www.kew.org/cval/homepage). Such lists are cited frequently and provide data for many comparative studies. The last compilation was published in 2000, so a further supplementary list is timely to monitor progress against targets set at the first plant genome size workshop in 1997 and to facilitate new goal setting. SCOPE The present work lists DNA C-values for 804 species including first values for 628 species from 88 original sources, not included in any previous compilation, plus additional values for 176 species included in a previous compilation. CONCLUSIONS 1998-2002 saw striking progress in our knowledge of angiosperm C-values. At least 1700 first values for species were measured (the most in any five-year period) and familial representation rose from 30 % to 50 %. The loss of many densitometers used to measure DNA C-values proved less serious than feared, owing to the development of relatively inexpensive flow cytometers and computer-based image analysis systems. New uses of the term genome (e.g. in 'complete' genome sequencing) can cause confusion. The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative C-value for Arabidopsis thaliana (125 Mb) was a gross underestimate, and an exact C-value based on genome sequencing alone is unlikely to be obtained soon for any angiosperm. Lack of this expected benchmark poses a quandary as to what to use as the basal calibration standard for angiosperms. The next decade offers exciting prospects for angiosperm genome size research. The database (http://www.kew.org/cval/homepage) should become sufficiently representative of the global flora to answer most questions without needing new estimations. DNA amount variation will remain a key interest as an integrated strand of holistic genomics.
Normoxic or hypoxic adaptation in response to antiangiogenic therapy: Clinical implications

ABSTRACT In a recent article in Cell Reports, we described a novel mechanism for acquired resistance against new small-molecule antiangiogenic tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Vascular normalization-inducing TKIs block glycolysis and trigger a nutritional stress response in the tumor compartment that induces a (targetable) switch to mitochondrial metabolism. We discuss the implications for clinical/translational studies and suggest areas for future research.
p300/CREB-binding protein enhances the prolactin-mediated transcriptional induction through direct interaction with the transactivation domain of Stat5, but does not participate in the Stat5-mediated suppression of the glucocorticoid response.

Stat5 was discovered as a PRL-induced member of the Stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) family. Its induction by many other cytokines and interleukins suggests that Stat5 plays a crucial role not only in mammary epithelial, but also in hematopoietic cells. Cell type- and promoter-specific functions of Stat5 are most likely modulated by the interaction with other transcription factors. We recently showed cross-talk between Stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor. The activated glucocorticoid receptor forms a complex with Stat5 and enhances Stat5-mediated transcriptional induction. Conversely, Stat5 diminishes the induction of glucocorticoid-responsive genes. Here, we investigated the role of p300/CBP(CREB-binding protein), a transcriptional coactivator of several groups of transcription factors, in Stat5-mediated transactivation and in the cross-talk between Stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor. p300/ CBP acts as a coactivator of Stat5. Its ectopic expression enhances PRL-induced Stat5-mediated transcriptional activation. Consistent with this observation, we find that the adenovirus E1A protein, which binds to p300/CBP, suppresses Stat5-induced transcriptional activation. This inhibition requires the Stat5 transactivation domain and the p300/CBP binding site of E1A. Coimmunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assays demonstrate a direct interaction between the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain of Stat5 and p300/CBP. p300/CBP also positively interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor and enhances glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transcriptional activation of the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat promoter. Overexpression of p300/CBP does not counteract the Stat5-mediated inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor-dependent transactivation, i.e. the repression of the glucocorticoid response by Stat5 is not a consequence of competition for limiting amounts of p300/CBP.
Starch Metabolism in Arabidopsis

Starch is the major non-structural carbohydrate in plants. It serves as an important store of carbon that fuels plant metabolism and growth when they are unable to photosynthesise. This storage can be in leaves and other green tissues, where it is degraded during the night, or in heterotrophic tissues such as roots, seeds and tubers, where it is stored over longer time periods. Arabidopsis accumulates starch in many of its tissues, but mostly in its leaves during the day. It has proven to be a powerful genetic system for discovering how starch is synthesised and degraded, and new proteins and processes have been discovered. Such work has major significance for our starch crops, whose yield and quality could be improved by the application of this knowledge. Research into Arabidopsis starch metabolism has begun to reveal how its daily turnover is integrated into the rest of metabolism and adapted to the environmental conditions. Furthermore, Arabidopsis mutant lines deficient in starch metabolism have been employed as tools to study other biological processes ranging from sugar sensing to gravitropism and flowering time control. This review gives a detailed account of the use of Arabidopsis to study starch metabolism. It describes the major discoveries made and presents an overview of our understanding today, together with some as-yet unresolved questions.
An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Industry Factors in the Internationalization Patterns of Firms

Research on companies' internationalization has mainly focused on firm-level and country-level factors in order to explain firms' cross-border activities. With the exception of a limited number of studies emphasizing rivalrous behavior in oligopolistic industries, industry factors have been neglected as potential determinants of companies' internationalization. We argue that differences across industries with regard to concentration, research intensity, tangibility of the products, and the existence of clusters should influence the impetus and opportunities to internationalize. This study examines the role of such factors using panel data covering the internationalization patterns of the 100 largest nonfinancial Norwegian companies over the period 1990 to 2000. We find that even for firms in a small, open, advanced economies where the limited market size in itself motivates firms to internationalize, industry factors still contribute significantly to explaining the internationalization of these companies. Furthermore, the effects of industry factors remain strong when firm-level characteristics are taken into account.
Primary care physicians' response to domestic violence. Opening Pandora's box.

OBJECTIVE To explore primary care physicians' experiences with domestic violence victims to determine the barriers to problem recognition and intervention in the primary care setting. DESIGN Ethnography, a qualitative research method involving the use of open-ended, semistructured interviews. SETTING An urban health maintenance organization serving a predominantly white, middle-income population. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-eight physicians, predominantly family practitioners (89%), were interviewed. RESULTS Analysis of the interviews revealed that physicians found exploring domestic violence in the clinical setting analogous to "opening Pandora's box. " Their issues include lack of comfort, fear of offending, powerlessness, loss of control, and time constraints. CONCLUSION This study revealed several barriers that physicians perceived as preventing them from comfortably intervening with domestic violence victims. These issues need to be addressed in training programs. Further studies should be done to assess generalizability of these findings to other groups of physicians.
Contribución a la regulación técnica de los pavimentos de hierba artificial para la práctica del pádel a través de una investigación prenormativa

Esta tesis se centra en la identificacion de las propiedades mas relevantes de los pavimentos de cesped artificial destinados a la practica del padel con el objetivo de contribuir a su regulacion tecnica (investigacion prenormativa). Dada la relativa escasa tradicion de este deporte, que no recibe la consideracion de mayoritario, no existen documentos tecnicos de referencia que esta-blezcan las propiedades que deben presentar, lo que ha provocado que se fabriquen e instalen superficies de cesped artificial sin conocer si sus propiedades son adecuadas desde el punto de vista de la seguridad y el rendimiento de los deportistas. Con la finalidad de contribuir a resolver los problemas derivados de la falta de regulacion tecnica, se identificaron los movimientos realizados por los deportistas durante la practica del padel que suponen una interaccion entre el calzado y el pavimento y una cuantificacion de la frecuencia de su realizacion atendiendo a su posible implicacion en el rendimiento y la seguridad de los deportistas. Asimismo, se determino la frecuencia de realizacion de los golpes de pelota por parte de los mismos. Una vez identificados los movimientos y los golpes de pelota mas representativos, se revisaron los ensayos normativos que permiten evaluar las propiedades de estos pavimentos y se valoraron diferentes pistas de padel que contaban con pavimentos de cesped artificial. A partir de los resultados de dichos ensayos y de la valoracion subjetiva de los deportistas, se establecieron los valores de referencia de las propiedades identificadas como criticas para la practica de este deporte: amortiguacion de impactos o reduccion de fuerzas, friccion o agarre y bote vertical de pelota. Por ultimo, estos valores de referencia fueron validados a partir de la opinion de los deportistas en dos condiciones: tras disputar un partido de padel y durante la realizacion de un circuito controlado que simulaba los movimientos propios mas relevantes durante la practica de este deporte. En ambos casos se llevo a cabo la valoracion subjetiva de las propiedades del pavimento y la percepcion de seguridad y rendimiento relacionada con su uso. Ademas, en el caso del circuito controlado, dado que el calzado utilizado desempena un papel fundamental en la interaccion entre el pavimento y los deportistas, estos realizaron el circuito usando tres modelos de zapatillas que incluian suelas distintas, aunque todas ellas comercializadas como adecuadas para este deporte. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron la elaboracion de una propuesta de norma tecnica para regular las propiedades de los pavimentos de cesped artificial destinados a la practica del padel.
Examining CEO Succession and the Role of Heuristics in Early-Stage CEO Evaluation

This study develops and tests predictions regarding factors that influence early-stage CEO evaluation. We suggest that contextual elements of the CEO succession process will influence the heuristics directors employ to aid in their early evaluation of a CEO because traditional performance metrics, such as firm performance, are less diagnostic of CEO quality in the first years of their tenure. Broad empirical support for our theoretical arguments is shown in a sample of Fortune 1000 firms.