Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Adverse Drug Reaction of Low dose Atorvastatin in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Comparison With the usual Care Group

Statins are the most widely prescribed drugs for the correction of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular events in patients of Metabolic syndrome, so early detection of Adverse drug reactions(ADR) becomes necessary. This prospective, comparative study done in OPD setting in a tertiary care centre of central India aimed at finding out the ADRs of low dose atorvastatin in patients with metabolic syndrome versus the usual care group. Patients satisfying NCEP-ATPIII criteria for metabolic syndrome were divided into two groups in which one received statin therapy (Group A) and other did not(Group B). A total of 33 ADRs were recorded out of which 26 (38.23%) were in Group A and 7 (31.81%) were in Group B, with no significant difference in the ADRs recorded in both the groups. In patients with statin therapy, most common adverse effects were dyspepsia (10.29%) and elevation of hepatic transaminases(10.29%), followed by constipation (5.8%), sleep disturbances, myalgia and headache (2.9%). The adverse effect profile of group B was nearly similar with dyspepsia in 3 cases (13%) followed by constipation in 2 cases (9%) ,elevation in hepatic transaminases and headache in 1 case (4.5%). Definite (certain) relationship was established in 12% patients while probable in 23% and 65% ADRs were categorized as possible. Severity assessment recorded 73% of the total ADR as mild, 23% as moderate and only 3.8% as severe. Although statins are one of the safest medications for dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome as also proved in the present study; further studies of ADRs is needed for early detection, prevention and management of ADRs and reduced morbidity.
The effect of adding hydroxyl functional groups and increasing molar mass on the viscosity of organics relevant to secondary organic aerosols

In the following we determine the viscosity of four polyols (2-methyl-1,4-butanediol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-butanetetrol, and 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol) and three saccharides (glucose, raffinose and maltohexaose) mixed with water. The polyol studies were carried out to quantify the relationship between viscosity and the number of hydroxyl (OH) functional groups in organic molecules, whilst the saccharide studies were carried out to quantify the relationship between viscosity and molar mass for highly oxidised organic molecules. Each of the polyols was of viscosity less than or equal to ≤ 6.5e2 Pa s, and a linear relationship was observed between log 10 (viscosity) and the number of OH functional groups (R 2 ≥ 0.99) for several carbon backbones. The linear relationship suggests that viscosity increases by 1–2 orders of magnitude with the addition of an OH functional group to a carbon backbone. For saccharide-water particles, studies at 28 % RH show an increase in viscosity of 3.6–6.0 orders of magnitude as the molar mass of the saccharide is increased from 180 to 342 g mol −1 , and studies at 77–80 % RH, show an increase in viscosity 4.6–6.2 orders of magnitude as molar mass increases from 180 to 991 g mol −1 . These results suggest oligomerisation of highly oxidised compounds in atmospheric SOM could lead to large increases in viscosity, and may be at least partially responsible for the high viscosities that are observed in some SOM. Finally, two quantitative structure-property relationship models were used to predict the viscosity of the four polyols studied. The model of Sastri and Rao (1992) was determined to over-predict the viscosity of each of the polyols, with the over-prediction being up to 19 orders of magnitude. The viscosities predicted by the model of Marrero-Morejon and Pardillo-Fontdevila (2000) were much closer to the experimental values, with no values differing by more than 1.3 orders of magnitude.
Subsurface plant‐accessible water in mountain ecosystems with a Mediterranean climate

Enhanced understanding of subsurface water storage will improve prediction of future impacts of climate change, including drought, forest mortality, wildland fire, and strained water security. Previous research has examined the importance of plant‐accessible water in soil, but in upland landscapes within Mediterranean climates, soil often accounts for only a fraction of subsurface water storage. We draw insights from previous research and a case study of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory to define attributes of subsurface storage; review observed patterns in their distribution; highlight nested methods for estimating them across scales; and showcase the fundamental processes controlling their formation. We review observations that highlight how forest ecosystems subsist on lasting plant‐accessible stores of subsurface water during the summer dry period and during multiyear droughts. The data suggest that trees in these forest ecosystems are rooted deeply in the weathered, highly porous saprolite or saprock, which reaches up to 10–20 m beneath the surface. This review confirms that the system harbors large volumes of subsurface water and shows that they are vital to supporting the ecosystem through the summer dry season and extended droughts. This research enhances understanding of deep subsurface water storage across landscapes and identifies key remaining challenges in predicting and managing response to climate and land use change in mountain ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada and in other Mediterranean climates worldwide.
WILL SMART BIKES SUCCEED AS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE UNITED STATES

Bicycle-sharing programs have received increasing attention in recent years with initiatives to increase bike usage, better meet the demand of a more mobile public, and lessen the environmental impacts of our transportation activities. In 1996, the smart bike, or automated bike rental system, was first implemented in the United Kingdom, leading to a growing number of programs throughout Europe and Asia. However, there are presently no such programs in the United States. This article examines the potential success of smart bike programs in the United States.
Frequency of Intestinal Parasites in Patients With Gastrointestinal Disorders, in Different Parts of Iran During 2012-2013

Background: Intestinal parasites of humans are one of the most important health problems worldwide, especially those located in tropical and subtropical areas. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of intestinal parasites in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, in different parts of Iran. Patients and Methods: A total of 1520 stool samples were collected from patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The stool specimens were examined by direct wet mount, formalin-ether concentration and a modified version of the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. Amoeba-positive samples were cultured for further differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar, E. moshkovskii. DNA-based methods were used to differentiate these amoebas and to detect Cryptosporidium- positive samples. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS ver. 16. Results: Out of the 1520 individuals studied, 153 (10.06%) were infected at least with one intestinal parasite. 781 (51.4%) of patients were male and 738 (48.6%) were female. The prevalence of protozoan parasites 148 (9.7%) was significantly higher than helminth parasites 5 (0.3%) (P < 0.001). The frequency of intestinal parasites was as follows: Blastocystis sp. , 72 (4.73%); Giardia intestinalis, 35 (2.30%); Entamoeba coli 21 (1.38%); Endolimax nana 10 (0.92%); Cryptosporidium spp. , 1 (0.06%); Entamoeba dispar, 1 (0.06%); Dientamoeba fragilis, 1 (0.06%); Hymenolepis nana, 3 (0.19%); Dicrocoelium dendriticum, 2 (0.13%). In five (0.32%) of the positive samples, co-infections with two parasites were found. G. intestinalis was more prevalent in male 22/35 (62.86%) than female 13/35 (37.14%) as well as in 0-9 years old group. In one sample Heterodera ova contained larva were seen. Conclusions: Blastocystis and G. intestinalis were the predominant intestinal parasites detected in patient with gastrointestinal disorders. The results indicated that the intestinal parasites, particularly helminth infections have been significantly declined in recent years.
ALTERATION IN IGNEOUS ROCKS AT DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT

Secondary minerals filling veins and vesicles in volcanic basement at Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 458 and 459 indicate that there were two stages of alteration at each site: an early oxidative, probably hydrothermal, stage and a later, low-temperature, less oxidative stage, probably contemporaneous with faulting in the tectonically active Mariana forearc region. The initial stage is most evident in Hole 459B, where low-Al, high Fe smectites and iron hydroxides formed in vesicles in pillow basalts and low-Al palygorskite formed in fractures. Iron hydroxides and celadonite formed in massive basalts next to quartz-oligoclase micrographic intergrowths. Palygorskite was found in only one sample near the top of basement in Hole 458, but it too is associated with iron hydroxides. Palygorskite has previously been reported only in marine sediments in DSDP and other occurrences. It evidently formed here as a precipitate from fluids in which Si, Mg, Fe, and even some Al were concentrated. Experimental data suggest that the solutions probably had high pH and somewhat elevated temperatures. The compositions of associated smectites resemble those in hydrothermal sediments and in basalts at the Galapagos mounds geothermal field. The second stage of alteration was large-scale replacement of basalt by dioctahedral, trioctahedral, or mixed-layer clays and phillipsite along zones of intense fracturing, especially near the bottom of Holes 458 and 459B. The basalts are commonly slickensided, and there are recemented microfault offsets in overlying sediments. Native copper occurs in one core of Hole 458, but associated smectites are dominantly dioctahedral, unlike Hole 459B, where they are mainly trioctahedral, indicating nonoxidative alteration. The alteration in both holes is more intense than at most DSDP ocean crust sites and may have been augmented by water derived from subducting ocean crust beneath the fore-arc region.
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION FOR SUPPLIER DISCOVERY IN DISTRIBUTED DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

Online outsourcing has recently gained popularity among small and medium sized manufacturing companies as an efficient method for building flexible network of manufacturing counterparts. Several electronic marketplaces have emerged within the last few years with the objective of enabling large communities of buyers and sellers to virtually meet and establish new partnerships. Although e-marketplaces typically provide different automated search capabilities, they mainly rely on human users for final screening and evaluation of qualified suppliers. As the size of supply and demand pools increase, human-based search becomes inefficient. This paper describes an effort for enhancing the automation capabilities of web-based markets through an ontological approach. The proposed ontology is referred to as Manufacturing Service Description Language. MSDL provides formal semantic for manufacturing knowledge representation, thus enabling machine agents to actively participate in supplier discovery process.
An analysis of characteristics in nonlinear massive gravity

We study the Cauchy problem in a special case of nonlinear massive gravity. Despite being ghost free, it has recently been argued that the theory is inherently problematic due to the existence of superluminal shock waves. Furthermore, it is claimed that an acausal characteristic can arise for any choice of background. In order to further understand the causal structure of the theory, we carefully perform a detailed analysis of the characteristic equations and show that the theory does admit a well-posed Cauchy problem, i.e., there exists hypersurfaces that are not a characteristic hypersurface. Puzzles remain regarding the existence of a superluminal propagating mode in both the minimal ghost-free theory that we analyzed, as well as in the full nonlinear massive gravity. That is, our result should not be taken as any indication of the healthiness of the theory. We also give a detailed review of Cauchy–Kovalevskaya theorem and its application in the appendix, which should be useful for investigating causal structures of other theories of gravity.
Antipyretic and wound healing activities of moringa oleifera lam. in rats

Qualitative chemical tests confirmed the presence of phytosterols, glycosides, tannins, and amino acids in the various leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. , whereas its seed extracts showed the presence of phytosterols, glycosides, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates and amino acids. The ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of seeds showed significant antipyretic activity in rats, whereas ethyl acetate extract of dried leaves showed significant wound healing activity (10% extracts in the form of ointment) on excision, incision and dead space (granuloma) wound models in rats.
Studies of adventitious root formation in woody species

Four different Agrobacterium rhizogenes wild-type strains were compared for the ability to induce transformed roots on micropropagated shoots of the apple rootstock Jork 9. The mannopine strain 8196 gave the best results in the production of chimeric plants compared to two agropine strains (A4 and 15834) and one cucumopine strain. From the transformed roots seven transgenic shoots were obtained, which rooted on a hormone-free medium. Furthermore the apple rootstock Jork 9 was transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1(pGV3850)(pB-B:GUS), containing the nptII, rolB and gus genes on the T-DNA. Transformation was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis for all introduced genes. The rooting experiments showed that introduction of the rolB gene increased root percentage and root number, giving 13.8 roots per shoot compared to 2.3 for untransformed shoots. In addition, more than two copies of the rolB gene decreased the number of roots and percentage of rooted shoots. Auxin-induced expression of the ARRO-1 gene during the induction phase of adventitious root formation in both rolB transformed and untransformed Jork 9 stem discs and microcuttings has been studied. The higher expression of the ARRO-1 gene in the rolB transformed material suggests that its expression may be rooting-specific rather than auxin-specific. We have improved synchrony of root formation from Malus Jork 9 stem discs through temporarily blocking DNA synthesis by application of aphidicolin (AD). The effects of different treatments with and without AD were studied at the cellular level by visualising DNA replication through the thymidin analog 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine-5’-monophosphate (BrdU) labelling. The results show that DNA synthesis is effectively blocked by AD, and this blockage is overcome after AD withdrawal. It is concluded that AD treatment causes initial synchronization of the cell cycle and, thereby, more synchronized root initiation. BrdU labelling further revealed an increase in competence of the explants to respond to applied indole-3-butric acid (IBA) during the first day of cultivation.
Prebisch y el principio de reciprocidad: Una aplicación para el caso de la política automotriz común entre Argentina y Brasil

Fil: Garriz, Ana Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Innovacion de los Trabajadores. Universidad Metropolitana para la Educacion y el Trabajo. Centro de Innovacion de los Trabajadores; Argentina
Treatment of obstructive colorectal carcinoma

Aims: Treatment of obstructive colorectal carcinoma is confronting issue for surgeon. The paper aims to generate evidenced based recommendations on management of obstructive colorectal carcinoma. Methods: The PubMed was queried for publications focusing on obstructive colorectal carcinoma published prior to April 2015. Total 26 studies were investigated. Results: While in the right site colon carcinoma obstruction, resection and anastomosis is almost accepted by all surgeons, left colon carcinoma obstruction is a challenging issue. Several options are available. There was one guideline for obstructing left colorectal cancer prepared at consensus conference of the world society of emergency surgery (WSES) and peritoneum and surgery (PnS) society 2010 held in Bologna. In the treatments of obstructive left colon cancer Hartmann’s procedure should be preferred to stage processing due to long period of hospitalization and multiple operations with a colostomy. The staged procedure could be preferred in clinical situations like damage control surgery of trauma, neoadjuvant treatment and unresectable disease. Hartmann’s procedure is easy with no risk of anastomotic separation and should be preferred by less experienced surgeons
ACCESO in Honduras: Mitigation co-benefits of perennial crop expansion, soil management, and livestock improvements

ACCESO was a 4-year Feed the Future (FTF) activity that began in 2011 and was implemented by Fintrac Inc. It aimed to increase nutrition and incomes of 30,000 smallholder farmer households by 1) introducing improved production practices; 2) creating market-driven programs to increase production and sales of high-value cash crops; and 3) expanding off-farm microenterprise and employment opportunities. ACCESO worked in six departments of western Honduras: Intibucá, La Paz, Ocotepeque, Lempira, Copán, and Santa Bárbara (Figure 1).
Finite Component Approach for Modelling Entropy of Motor Road Pavements to Assess Their Efficiency

In statistical physics, the irreversible processes are characterized by the same value as entropy. Entropy represents a measure of system disorder consisting of many components. Originally ordered systems in irreversible processes lose their order, so that the system entropy increases. Therefore, one can judge by the size of entropy about the degree of order in the system. This article gives a brief description of the new physical and mathematical solution taken as a basis of the model of entropy accumulation and defects development processes within the motor road pavements for the prognosis and evaluation of their operational integrity and durability.
The Utilization of Digital Platforms for Marketing in the Nigerian Entertainment and Media (E&M) Industry: Prospects and Challenges

The National Bureau of Statistics recently announced that the entertainment and media (E&M) industry in Nigeria recorded growth of 1.86% to 12.81%; contributing N54bn to the country’s GDP. The industry’s revenue is projected to reach an estimated $8.5bn in 2018, from $4bn in 2013, with internet as one of the key drivers (PwC report, 2016, p.14). This comes at a time when Nigeria’s economy has shrunk by 2.24% since 2015 and receded by 0.18% from the previous quarter. Therefore, this study unpacks the possibilities and challenges of the impact of e-marketing tools on the growth of the Nigerian E&M industry. E-marketing tools provide “a unique combination of powerful capabilities for marketers” (Parsons et al., 2015). E-marketing suitability for the E&M industry lies in its lower capital demand, and a convenient and online means of disseminating marketing messages across a heterogeneous population at an unlimited geographical space. E-marketing is a reality in Nigeria as a study by Mathew, Ogedebe & Ogedebe (2013, p. 549) shows that “Many Nigerians who used (sic) the internet as one form of communication or another are bombarded daily with advertisements of products and services from industries in the country. ” This reality has brought a shift from mechanical to electronic and from analogue to digital; ultimately impacting the marketing realms. The internet enables these electronic/digital platforms; which marketers (E&M industry) and customers (content consumers) rely on to effectively reach and receive communication content and feedback respectively. However, this study examined the challenges that have possibly hindered the full realization of the e-marketing tools of the Nigerian E&M industry and noted among others; poor power supply and unreliable network infrastructure in the country. There is also an increased customer expectation, security, content copyright and privacy issues as well as the challenge of compliance demand in the industry as influenced by ever dynamic digital boundaries. There is a huge economic need for the Nigerian government to live up to its obligation and enhance power supply and boost network infrastructure. The Nigerian E&M industry needs to continually integrate different digital platforms to reach targets and attract more content consumers. Both the government and industry should increasingly learn and bring a global perspective that can help the nation adapt to the constantly changing digital environment.
Efficient error correction for speech systems using constrained re-recognition

Efficient error correction of recognition output is a major barrier in the adoption of speech interfaces. This thesis addresses this problem through a novel correction framework and user interface. The system uses constraints provided by the user to enhance re-recognition, correcting errors with minimal user effort and time. In our web interface, users listen to the recognized utterance, marking incorrect words as they hear them. After they have finished marking errors, they submit the edits back to the speech recognizer where it is merged with previous edits and then converted into a finite state transducer. This FST, modeling the regions of correct and incorrect words in the recognition output, is then composed with the recognizer's language model and the utterance is re-recognized. We explored the use of our error correction technique in both the lecture and restaurant domain, evaluating the types of errors and the correction performance in each domain. With our system, we have found significant improvements over other error correction techniques such as n-best lists, re-speaking or verbal corrections, and retyping in terms of actions per correction step, corrected output rate, and ease of use. Thesis Supervisor: James Glass Title: Principal Research Scientist Thesis Co-Supervisor: Lee Hetherington Title: Research Scientist
The Effect of Economic Growth In Relation to Unemployment

The paper will include the macroeconomic analysis regarding economic growth under nominal GDP, in relation to the most important macroeconomic parameter, unemployment. The paper will also include the analysis of Gross Domestic Product, as an important measure of the economic growth, and that measures the living standard of the citizens of that country or state. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a more impeccable method for the analysis of all the transactions that are performed within a country, in order to display a macroeconomic analysis. The key point of this paper is the economic growth under nominal GDP, in relation to unemployment. The paper includes the analysis of the scatter plot graphs of nominal GDP in relation to unemployment, and also the analysis of descriptive statistic. The method of simple linear regression will be used when analysing the relation of nominal GDP in relation to unemployment.
Input-Trade Liberalization and Markups

This paper presents theory and evidence from Chinese firm-product data that, given firm productivity, trade liberalization increases product markups. This finding calls for a reconsideration of the well-established imports-as-market-discipline hypothesis. This paper further verifies underlying mechanisms behind this finding: input tariff reductions decrease marginal costs, and tariff effects on markup adjustments are more profound among firms of higher import dependence. By comparing results for two trade regimes -- ordinary trade wherein firms pay import tariffs to import, and processing trade wherein firms are not subject to import tariffs -- this paper finds that the aforementioned effects only apply to ordinary trade.