Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Scheme for Jointly Trading off Costs and Risks of Solar Radiation Management and Mitigation under Long-Tailed Climate Sensitivity Probability Density Distributions

Side-effects of “solar-radiation management” (SRM) should be taken into account before society decides on its implementation as a climate policy option to alleviate anthropogenic global warming. We generalize cost-risk analysis that originally trades off expected welfare-loss from climate policy costs and the risks from transgressing climate targets to also include risks from applying SRM. In a first step of acknowledging SRM-risks, we represent global precipitation mismatch as a prominent side-effect of SRM under long-tailed probabilistic knowledge about climate sensitivity in our framework. We maximize social welfare for the following three scenarios, considering alternative relative weights of risks: temperature-risk-only, precipitationrisk-only, and both-risks. Our analysis show that in the temperature-risk-only scenario, perfect compliance with 2°C-temperature target is attained for all numerically represented climate sensitivities, a unique feature of SRM, but the 2°C-compatible precipitation corridor is violated. The precipitation-risk-only scenario shows an approximate mirror-image of this result. In addition, under equally-weighted both-risks scenario, almost 90% and perfect compliance can be achieved for the temperature and precipitation targets, respectively. Moreover, in a mitigationonly analysis, the welfare-loss from mitigation cost plus residual climate risks, compared to the no-climate-policy option, is about 2.9% (BGE) while being reduced by maximum 0.28% under a joint-mitigation-SRM analysis.
The Learning Couch ” : An online self-directed tool for supporting students ‟ development of effective approaches to learning

At university, students are expected to be independent learners. This can mean freedom to make choices about what one learns and how one goes about learning, but it can also be confusing if a student is unsure of him/herself as a learner, or if the student‟s idea of learning does not match lecturer expectations. For first-year students, this can impact greatly on their ability and motivation to persist and successfully „transit‟ to university. The Learning Couch is part of a broader initiative to support first-year students in a particular discipline via a virtual learning community. It is specifically designed to support students‟ exploration of their motivations and habits as learners, to develop awareness of effective learning strategies and improve their approaches to learning through a series of self-paced online activities. This paper reports on the development and evaluation of this tool for supporting first-year students.
O C ] 2 7 M ay 2 01 9 Differentiating Through a Cone Program

We consider the problem of efficiently computing the derivative of the solution map of a convex cone program, when it exists. We do this by implicitly differentiating the residual map for its homogeneous self-dual embedding, and solving the linear systems of equations required using an iterative method. This allows us to efficiently compute the derivative operator, and its adjoint, evaluated at a vector. These correspond to computing an approximate new solution, given a perturbation to the cone program coefficients (i.e., perturbation analysis), and to computing the gradient of a function of the solution with respect to the coefficients. Our method scales to large problems, with numbers of coefficients in the millions. We present an open-source Python implementation of our method that solves a cone program and returns the derivative and its adjoint as abstract linear maps; our implementation can be easily integrated into software systems for automatic differentiation.
Salivary testosterone levels are unrelated to handedness or cerebral lateralization for language

ABSTRACT Behavioural and cerebral lateralization are thought to be controlled, at least in part, by prenatal testosterone (T) levels, explaining why sex differences are found in both laterality traits. The present study investigated hormonal effects on laterality using adult salivary T levels, to explore the adequacy of competing theories: the Geschwind, Behan and Galaburda, the callosal, and the sexual differentiation hypotheses. Sixty participants (15 right-handers and 15 left-handers of each sex) participated. Behavioural lateralization was studied by means of hand preference tests (i.e., the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and the Quantification of Hand Preference test) and a hand skill test (i.e., the Peg-Moving test) whereas cerebral lateralization for language was studied using the Consonant-Vowel Dichotic Listening test and the Visual Half-Field Lexical Decision test. Salivary T and cortisol (C) concentrations were measured by luminescence immunoassay. Canonical correlations did not reveal significant relationships between T levels and measures of hand preference, hand skill, or language laterality. Thus, our findings add to the growing literature showing no relationship between T concentrations with behavioural or cerebral lateralization. It is claimed that prenatal T is not a major determinant of individual variability in either behavioural or cerebral lateralization.
Remote monitoring of the earthquake cycle using satellite radar interferometry

The earthquake cycle is poorly understood. Earthquakes continue to occur on previously unrecognized faults. Earthquake prediction seems impossible. These remain the facts despite nearly 100 years of intensive study since the earthquake cycle was first conceptualized. Using data acquired from satellites in orbit 800 km above the Earth, a new technique, radar interferometry (InSAR), has the potential to solve these problems. For the first time, detailed maps of the warping of the Earth's surface during the earthquake cycle can be obtained with a spatial resolution of a few tens of metres and a precision of a few millimetres. InSAR does not need equipment on the ground or expensive field campaigns, so it can gather crucial data on earthquakes and the seismic cycle from some of the remotest areas of the planet. In this article, I review some of the remarkable observations of the earthquake cycle already made using radar interferometry and speculate on breakthroughs that are tantalizingly close.
Massive transfusion and nonsurgical hemostatic agents

Background:Hemorrhage in trauma is a significant challenge, accounting for 30% to 40% of all fatalities, second only to central nervous system injury as a cause of death. However, hemorrhagic death is the leading preventable cause of mortality in combat casualties and typically occurs within 6 to 24 hrs of injury. In cases of severe hemorrhage, massive transfusion may be required to replace more than the entire blood volume. Early prediction of massive transfusion requirements, using clinical and laboratory parameters, combined with aggressive management of hemorrhage by surgical and nonsurgical means, has significant potential to reduce early mortality. Discussion:Although the classification of massive transfusion varies, the most frequently used definition is ten or more units of blood in 24 hrs. Transfusion of red blood cells is intended to restore blood volume, tissue perfusion, and oxygen-carrying capacity; platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate are intended to facilitate hemostasis through prevention or treatment of coagulopathy. Massive transfusion is uncommon in civilian trauma, occurring in only 1% to 3% of trauma admissions. As a result of a higher proportion of penetrating injury in combat casualties, it has occurred in approximately 8% of Operation Iraqi Freedom admissions and in as many as 16% during the Vietnam conflict. Despite its potential to reduce early mortality, massive transfusion is not without risk. It requires extensive blood-banking resources and is associated with high mortality. Summary:This review describes the clinical problems associated with massive transfusion and surveys the nonsurgical management of hemorrhage, including transfusion of blood products, use of hemostatic bandages/agents, and treatment with hemostatic medications.
EFFECT OF BULK DOPING LEVEL AND WAFER THICKNESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELL

Focus of solar cell industry is to reduce production cost as much as possible while maintaining solar cell performance at a desirable level. The largest share of solar cell production cost comes from wafer price. Currently waferbased solar cell uses about 300 μm wafer thickness for its daily production. It is therefore very important to reduce wafer thickness as part of effort to reduce production cost of solar cell. This research is focused to examine the effect of bulk doping level and wafer thickness reduction on the performance of wafer-based silicon solar cell. Research was performed by simulating the effect of bulk doping level and wafer thickness on the output parameters of solar cell. Optimation was done on phospor emitter doping level of 7.50×1018/cm3, junction depth of 1.56 um, cell surface area of 1 cm2 and illuminated under AM1.5G spectrum with the intensity of 100 mW/cm2. Simulation result showed that solar cell with efficiency between 18.15-18.7% was achieved by using wafer thickness between 300 and 320 um and boron doping level (bulk doping level) between 1.84x1017 – 2.68x1017/cm3. On this condition solar cell had short circuit current density, JSC of 0.32 A/cm2, open circuit voltage, VOC of 0.70 V, maximum output power, PMAX of 0.0182 W/cm2, and fill factor, FF of 0.829.
The Effects of Emotion on the Holistic Processing of Faces

Face perception is an important ability that allows us to carry out social interactions, recognize others, assess emotions, and understand social cues. Many researchers believe that faces are processed holistically, meaning that humans combine the many parts of a face into a single visual representation. The face is viewed as a complete whole, rather than a collection of specific facial features. Consequently, processing a face holistically makes it more difficult to selectively attend to parts of the face. A small subset of literature has showed that the emotional state of the perceiver can affect the degree to which a stimulus is processed holistically. However, most of this literature has used emotion induction to assess individuals’ perception of neutral faces. Thus, not much is known about how emotional expressions in the face stimuli themselves affect holistic processing. The present study uses the Garner paradigm, a strong tool for measuring selective attention, and a classification task in order to assess the effects of negative, neutral, and positive facial expressions on the holistic processing of artificially constructed face stimuli, known as composite faces. Findings show some support that negative faces are not processed holistically, and that positive expressions facilitate greater holistic processing. Results also suggest that neutral faces do not promote holistic processing. The present study overall suggests that holistic perception is not an automatic process, as previously asserted, and that the emotional context of a face dictates the strength and presence of holistic processing. EMOTION AND THE HOLISTIC PROCESSING OF FACES 2 EMOTION AND THE HOLISTIC PROCESSING OF FACES 3 THE EFFECTS OF EMOTION ON THE HOLISTIC PROCESSING OF FACES
A Classification Method of Open-ended Questionnaires using Category-based Dictionary from Sampled Documents

This paper addresses a classification method of open-ended questionnaire using category-based dictionary from categorized samples. Different from generally-used document classification methods, our proposed method here introduces a new category-based dictionary which is generated from a small set of categorized samples, because the purpose of analysis is to have meaningful results along with a user's viewpoints in a sense. This category-based dictionary is used to judge a category as to a questionnaire with tf-idf (term frequency inverted document frequency) and co_tf-idf (co-occurrence tf-idf). We show the effectiveness in applying our proposed method to questionnaires about an university lecture.
Coupling of plasmonic gap waveguides with directive antennas

Optical nanocouplers matching a fiber microwaveguide to a plasmonic nanowaveguide are essential components for practical applications of nanophotonic systems. In this paper, an efficient nanocoupler operating at optical frequencies is designed that uses a directive nanoantenna to maximize the coupling efficiency (CE). Despite the reduced size of the nanoantenna in comparison with the impinging fiber spot size, we have shown that a good efficiency can be achieved, improving the CE by a factor of 10 with respect to the nondirective antenna nanocouplers.
Modelling Helicopter Radar Backscatter Executive Summary

This paper presents a study on the simulation of the radar backscatter signal from a helicopter in which the helicopter rotors, the helicopter rotor hub and helicopter body are modelled by an ensemble of straight wires, rods and rectangular plates in various orientations. Despite the simplicity of exact solutions used here, which give a significant advantage of very low computational cost, very good agreement with real data can be achieved. APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
The present and future of diabetes mellitus secondary prevention : the role of traditional Chinese medicine cannot be ignored

Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the most common non-communicable chronic diseases, jeopardizes human health severely. The incidence of DM had increased rapidly in recent years, whereas the situation control is not satisfying. DM secondary prevention (i.e. prevention of diabetes complications) has become the most important part in diabetes management. The main interventions of DM secondary prevention currently were focused on indirect factors (glucose, lipids, blood pressure), lacking of medications targeted on the complications. It was well known that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) had unique advantages in the prevention and control of complex diseases such as DM. In this study, we reviewed the present situation and future trends of DM secondary prevention, the applications and advantages of TCM in DM secondary prevention would also be commented.
Systematic Characterization of Autophagy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Autophagy is a dynamic process that degrades and recycles cellular organelles and proteins to maintain cell homeostasis. Alterations in autophagy occur in various diseases; however, the role of autophagy in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. In the present study, we characterized the roles and functions of autophagy in GDM patient samples and extravillous trophoblasts cultured with glucose. We found significantly enhanced autophagy in GDM patients. Moreover, high glucose levels enhanced autophagy and cell apoptosis, reducing proliferation and invasion, and these effects were ameliorated through knockdown of ATG5. Genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine data analysis further revealed the epigenomic regulatory circuitry underlying the induced autophagy and apoptosis in GDM and preeclampsia. Finally, RNA sequencing was performed to identify gene expression changes and critical signaling pathways after silencing of ATG5. Our study has demonstrated the substantial functions of autophagy in GDM and provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GDM patients.
Gastrointestinal involvement in patients affected with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Abstract Objective. Enteropathy is a very common feature in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. In patients with Del22 gastrointestinal (GI) alterations, including feeding disorders and congenital abnormalities have been often reported, mostly in the first year of life. Material and methods. Aim of this monocentric study is to better define the GI involvement in a cohort of 26 patients affected with Del22 syndrome. Anamnestic information was retrospectively collected for each patient. Weight and height parameters at the time of the screening were recorded. Plasma levels of hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, albumin, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, transaminase levels, antigliadin (AGA) IgA and IgG, and antitissue transglutaminase (anti-TGase) titers were measured. Results. A GI involvement was identified in the 58% of patients. The prominent problems were abdominal pain, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux and chronic constipation. Weight deficiency, short stature and failure to thrive were reported in 54, 42, and 30% of the patients, respectively. The evidence of sideropenic anemia, in keeping with hypoproteinemia, impaired acid steatocrit or cellobiose/mannitol test suggested an abnormal intestinal permeability. In this cohort, a high prevalence of AGA IgA and IgG positivity was observed. Celiac disease (CD) was suspected in three patients, and in one of them confirmed by histology. In this patient, a long-lasting gluten-free diet failed to restore the intestinal architecture. Conclusions. In conclusion, GI involvement is a very common feature in Del22 patients. A better characterization of GI involvement would be very useful to improve the management of these patients.
Navigation Parameters Correction Technique Using Multiple View Geometry Methods

The problem of determining precisely the navigation parameters of an aircraft arise when constructing a multispectral computer vision system. In particular, these parameters are used to solve the image superimposition task. It is necessary to superimpose the aerial photograph registered from the on-board sensors and the image generated from the digital terrain map. Such superimposition will be successful only if this image is synthetized for the viewpoint based on the correct navigation parameters. However, the navigation parameters obtained from satellite and inertial navigation systems have inadmissible errors for this task. Thus it is required to reduce the influence of the errors by using the information from the analyzed images themselves. In this paper we suggest the technique to correct the navigation parameters in such a way. The technique is based on the application of the contour analysis and multiple view geometry methods. These methods make it possible to implement our technique in real time due to the low computational complexity of the contour analysis and multiple view geometry algorithms. The results represented in the paper indicate that the further development and application of the suggested technique for multispectral computer vision systems are promising.
Combination of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque for better predicting risk of ischaemic cardiovascular events

Background Several indices of carotid atherosclerosis have been studied to investigate their associations with the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the best index of carotid atherosclerosis that predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Objective To investigate the index that best reflects the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and subsequent ischaemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) events. Design An observational longitudinal study with a 5-year follow-up. Participants 1734 Chinese subjects (623 men, 1111 women) aged 43–79 years at baseline. Main outcome measures ICVD events, including coronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke. Results Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) at baseline was significantly associated with the risk of ICVD among participants without carotid plaque (multivariable adjusted HR=1.59, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.45) but not among those with plaque (HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.39). However, the total area of plaques (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.55), the number of plaques (HR=1.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) and the number of segments with plaque (HR=1.45, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.93) were all significantly associated with ICVD in participants with plaque. Thus, carotid IMT and the number of segments with plaque were combined to establish a summary index—the total burden score (TBS) of carotid atherosclerosis—which was shown to improve the prediction of the 5-year risk of ICVD significantly compared with IMT or the number of segments with plaque alone. The c-statistics and net reclassification index showed that TBS improved the risk prediction by increases of 6.0% and 17.1%, respectively, compared with the conventional risk score. Conclusion The TBS could significantly improve the prediction of ICVD risk and should be used in clinical practice and future studies.
A Scalable Syllable Speech Recognizer

Modularity is widely accepted as a dear advantage in any system. This is especially true for speech recognition systems, which must be scaled to different task demands. In order to reach this goal, each layer in a speech recognition system can be incorporated as a finite state machine, including the traditional HMM-Layer, lexicon and language model. Here we present a method of construction for a pure finite state speech recognition system. This includes the conversion of traditional HMMs into a finite state transducer and the related problems. The methid is first proved for a lexicon based whole wod recognizer and then extended to a subword unit approach using syllables. The syllables in this approach are phoneticaly motivated in order to minimize cross unit dependencies. Syllable level pruning is used for improved footrin an runtime.
Belastungsuntersuchungen in der Pneumologie – Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V.

Zusammenfassung Dieses Dokument der DGP ersetzt die Empfehlungen von 1998 und 2013. Anhand der aktuellen Datenlage und einer Konsensuskonferenz wurden Empfehlungen zu Indikationen, zur Auswahl und Durchführung der geeigneten Belastungsuntersuchungen sowie zu den technischen und personellen Voraussetzungen formuliert. Detaillierte Angaben werden zur Blutgasanalyse unter Belastung, zu Gehtests und Rechtsherzkatheter unter Belastung sowie zur Spiroergometrie und Stressechokardiografie gemacht. Der korrekte Einsatz von Belastungsuntersuchungen bei anstrengungsinduziertem Asthma, bei sport-, arbeits- bzw. rehabilitationsmedizinischen Fragestellungen, bei Adipositas, bei der präoperativen Risikostratifizierung und beim Therapiemonitoring pneumologischer Erkrankungen wird dargestellt.
Applied Soft Computing

This study proposes a novel collaborative ﬁltering framework which integrates both subjective and objec- tive information to generate recommendations for an active consumer. The proposed framework can solve the problem of sparsity and the cold-start problem which affect traditional CF algorithms. The fuzzy linguistic model, which is a more natural way for the consumer to present their preferences, is adopted within the proposed framework. Based on these concepts, two algorithms, a simple aggregated (SA) algorithm and aggregated subjective and objective users’ viewpoint (ASOV) algorithm are developed. A series of experiments is performed, the results of which indicate that the proposed methodologies pro- duce high-quality recommendations. Finally, the results conﬁrm that the proposed algorithms perform better than the traditional method.
Is the N170 peak of visual event-related brain potentials car-selective?

The N170 is a peak of event-related brain potentials commonly acknowledged to be larger in amplitude for face stimuli compared with any other visual object. Recently, the face selectivity of the N170 has been challenged based on the observation of similar N170 amplitude to faces and cars presented full front. Here, we measured the N170 elicited by the same stimulus categories using a one-back memory and categorization tasks. We found that N170 mean amplitude was significantly larger for cars than faces at electrode sites considered ‘optimal’ for measuring N170 face selectivity in the absence of task effects. Furthermore, we found evidence for category selectivity and task dependence in the P1 range. These results support the idea that N170 face selectivity is formally questionable.