Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Melting track Simulations of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process involves with the construction of phase transformation, melting, and rapid solidification of weld metal powder bed which affects the properties and the microstructure of final parts, e.g. density, dimension, mechanical properties, void, porosity, and non-fully melted particle. The aims of this work were to study the effect of process parameters, e.g. laser power and scanning speed, on the temperature field and melt pool geometry and the characteristics of single melting track in the L-PBF process by using the commercial CFD software simulation Flow-3D (Flow-weld). The laser power, scanning speed, laser spot diameter, and layer thickness varied in this study were 120 W, 140 W, 0.4 m/s, 0.6 m/s, 0.8 m/s, 80 μm and 50 μm respectively. The results stated that at the lower scanning speed, the temperature field has a region of heat distribution larger than that of the higher one. The geometry of melt pools can be changed from ellipse shape to tear drop shape when the scanning speed is increased. The width and depth of laser melting track is increased when the higher laser power and lower scanning speed are applied. The void is found underneath the laser melting track when the scanning speed changes from 0.4 m/s to 0.6 m/s.
Photoemission Spectra of Sound Tooth and Those of Different Carious Stages

Fluorescence, absorption, and excitation spectroscopy have been widely utilised as probes to collect basic information about physical, chemical, and biological processes. In this study nitrogen laser (N2) was used to induce emission in human teeth to distinguish between dental caries and sound teeth. Three samples of dental caries and one sample of sound teeth have been used to obtain fluorescence spectra illuminated with wavelengths of 337.1 nm, pulse energy 0.04 mJ and pulse time 100 nsec. The absorbance of dental caries and sound teeth was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The result showed an emission of broadband in the visible region from 363 nm to 627 nm; it provided an amount of information related to intrinsic fluorophores and allowed an accurate diagnosis by the use of the fluorescence intensity changes, it was observed significant decrease of the fluorescence signal intensity related to the carious stage in dental caries, while it was higher in the sound tooth spectrum indicates that the intensity is depending on the amount of decay. A definite diagnosis could be established based on the fluorescence intensity ratio. The future for laser induced fluorescence in diagnostic dentistry has been indicated as accurate and potentially applicable in a wide range in restorative dentistry, periodontology and endodontics.
Development of a scratch test method to determine adhesion and strength properties of coated steel sheets

A simple method to assess adhesion properties of organic coatings by Ω parameter was developed and tested, where Ω is a ratio of indentation speed at a linearly increasing normal load to a resulting force on the indenter at the end of plastic deformation, when the indenter reaches a substrate. A relationship between Ω parameter and a coating hardness H determined by Oliver and Pharr method is shown.
Application of Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography in Velocity Profiling Rheometry of Complex Fluids

Haavisto, Sanna Application of Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography in Velocity Profiling Rheometry of Complex Fluids Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2019 (JYU Dissertations ISSN 2489-9003, 102) ISBN 978-951-39-7805-1 In this thesis, Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (DOCT) was applied to velocity profiling rheometry in combination with rotational rheometer and pipe rheometer. In addition to the velocity profiling, the imaging modality of the OCT was utilized in characterizing the structural behavior of the materials under study. Furthermore, a novel hybrid multi-scale velocity profiling method, based on measuring stationary velocity profiles of fluid flow in a straight tube simultaneously by DOCT and ultrasound velocity profiling (UVP), was developed. The data from the two instruments can be combined into a comprehensive velocity profile including information on the thin boundary layer near the tube wall as measured by DOCT, and in the interior parts of the of flow as measured by UVP. The experimental methods were used to investigate the rheology of aqueous microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) suspensions, which show complex rheological properties. It was found that flow curve measurements with rotational rheometer and smooth concentric cylinders are greatly affected by shear localization effects. In particular, conventional analysis of the bulk properties of MFC suspensions at shear stress values below their yield stress did not appear appropriate – despite the seemingly reasonable power-law flow curves thereby obtained. Experiments with the pipe rheometer and hybrid multi-scale method showed that within the boundary layer concentration and thereby the viscosity of MFC decreases towards the wall. At high values of flow rate, sublayer of virtually pure water was observed next to the wall, giving rise to apparent wall slip. The results from the interior part of the flow showed shear-thinning behavior in qualitative agreement with results obtained by using conventional rheological methods. Velocity profiling rheometry with DOCT and hybrid multi-scale methods appear useful in analyzing the rheological behavior of complex fluids. They can provide detailed experimental information on the rheology of MFC suspensions and their intricate boundary layer flow behavior, avoiding uncertainties inherent in many conventional rheological techniques.
Anti-angiogenic treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration: new strategies are underway

Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in elderly people in the western world. Recent developments in the field yielded vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted strategies that caused a revolution in the treatment of AMD. Although the therapy of the disease has dramatically improved, the treatment depends on repetitive and invasive intravitreal injections of neutralizing antibodies or antibody-based constructs that have the risk of side effects and are still a major burden for the patient. Learning from the field of oncology, it is clear that new therapeutic opportunities for AMD are finding their way into the clinic. The rapidly developing market of new angiostatic agents will allow better treatments for exudative AMD in the near future. This review summarizes the opportunities and challenges of this field of research.
Functional gold-nanoparticles based colorimetric assay for medical and industrial use

Nanosize materials have been widely available in various research fields as an advanced technology. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Especially, the optical spectrum of GNPs shows a localized surface plasmon band in the region of 520–550 nm. Te wavelength of spectrum of GNPs change drastically longer when several particles come close to each other. Various types of GNP based assays that was conjugated with functional biomolecules have been developed to take advantage of the optical property. Tis review introduces the optical assays using GNPs conjugated with biomolecules for medical and industrial use.
Facing Impending Death: Experiences of Patients and Their Nurses

A fundamental principle of palliative care is that life should be affirmed and death viewed as the result of a normal process. This approach has had a profound impact on the way nurses in all settings view death and dying;yet surprisingly little has been published about the experiences of people aware of their impending death, and the way nurses care for them are affected. This book is the product of a research study which explored the complex issues surrounding death and dying in a hospice setting by reporting on the experiences of patients and their nurses as they unfold
Characterization of Cement Paste in Fresh State Using Electrical Resistivity Technique

The impedance spectroscopy technique was used to monitor the electrical resistivity of various cement paste mixtures during first 2 hours after mixing before the setting time. The conductivity and pH of the pore solutions extracted from fresh cement paste mixtures was also determined. The conductivity of pore solution extracted from select hardened paste mixtures cured in sealed moisture condition was also obtained. These data were used to investigate the various influential parameters such as (1) the effect of time on the electrical resistivity, (2) the effect of supplementary cementitious materials and chemical admixtures on the electrical resistivity, (3) the effect of w/c ratio on the electrical resistivity, (4) tortuosity and the relationship between electrical resistivity of paste and pore solution and (5) correlation between the pH and electrical conductivity of pore solution. In addition, a numerical model was proposed to estimate the conductivity of pore solution in fresh state.
Cis-platinum and distal renal tubule toxicity.

: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma electrolyte concentrations were evaluated prospectively in 22 consecutive patients treated with serial courses of cisplatinum combination chemotherapy. In addition, renal distal tubular function was assessed in the first 12 by measurement of overnight urinary concentration after intranasal desamino-d-arginine vasopressin inhalation and by a standard short urinary acidification test following the administration of oral ammonium chloride. Cumulative and dose-related hypomagnesaemia was observed in all patients but was unassociated with clinical symptoms. No significant fall in GFR was seen in the group as a whole but four of the 12 patients studied more comprehensively developed impairment of urinary concentrating and acidifying abilities, independent of any change in GFR. This indicates a selective effect on the renal distal tubule.
Nanocomposite-coated porous templates for engineered bone scaffolds: a parametric study of layer-by-layer assembly conditions

Using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique to deposit mechanically reinforcing coatings onto porous templates is a route for fabricating engineered bone scaffold materials with a combination of high porosity, strength, and stiffness. LbL assembly involves the sequential deposition of nano- to micro-scale multilayer coatings from aqueous solutions. Here, a design of experiments (DOE) approach was used to evaluate LbL assembly of polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and nanoclay coatings onto open-cell polyurethane foam templates. The thickness of the coatings, and the porosity, elastic modulus and collapse stress of coated foam templates were most strongly affected by the pH of PAA solutions, salt concentration, and interactions between these factors. The mechanical properties of coated foams correlated with the thickness of the coatings, but were also ascribed to changes in the coating properties due to the different assembly conditions. A DOE optimization aimed to balance the trade-off between higher mechanical properties but lower porosity of foam templates with increasing coating thickness. Micromechanical modeling predicted that deposition of 116 QLs would achieve mechanical properties of cancellous bone (>0.05 GPa stiffness and >2 MPa strength) at a suitable porosity of >70%. When capped with a final layer of PAA and cross-linked via thermal treatment, the PEI/PAA/PEI/nanoclay coatings exhibited good indirect cytotoxicity with mesenchymal stem cells. The ability of LbL assembly to deposit a wide range of functional constituents within multilayer-structured coatings makes the general strategy of templated LbL assembly a powerful route for fabricating engineered tissue scaffolds that can be applied onto various porous template materials to achieve a wide range of properties, pore structures, and multifunctionality.
EFFECT OF TIO2 NANOPARTICLES SPRAYING ON FENNEL PLANT

The present investigation was carried out to investigate effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on growth and chemical composition of fennel plants . Previous work showed that TiO2 nanoparticles could significantly raise photosynthesis and greatly improve growth of fennel (Feoniculum vulgare Mill) plants . The plants were sprayed with different concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles 2, 4 and 6 ppm . The results showed that, TiO2 nanoparticles at treatment 6 ppm could obviously get the highest number of branches , the tallest plants , the highest fruit yield per plant and the highest values of Pigments,Carbohydrates, phosphorus ,Sugars nitrogen , potassium . sprayed fennel plant with concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles 0, 2, 4 and 6 ppm is safe for human .
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb and V Microalloyed TRIP-Assisted Steels

The intercritical annealing and isothermal bainitic processing response was studied for three Nb and V microalloyed Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP)-assisted 980 MPa grade steels. Their mechanical and microstructural properties were compared to industrially produced TRIP 800 steel. Depending on the isothermal holding temperature and microalloying, the experimental steels reached properties comparable to the reference steel. The retained austenite content did not show direct correlation to elongation properties. Niobium was found to be more effective microalloying element than vanadium in increasing the elongation properties, which were investigated by measuring true fracture strain from tensile test specimens.
Failure behavior of adhesively bonded joints with a rubber modified epoxy adhesive under tensile-shear combined cyclic loading

Abstract Rubber-modified epoxy adhesives are used widely as structural adhesive owing to their properties of high fracture toughness. In many cases, these adhesively bonded joints are exposed to cyclic loading. Generally, the rubber modification decreases the static and fatigue strength of bulk adhesive without flaw. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the effect of rubber-modification on the fatigue strength of adhesively bonded joints, where industrial adhesively bonded joints usually have combined stress condition of normal and shear stresses in the adhesive layer. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of rubber-modification on the fatigue strength under combined cyclic stress conditions. Adhesively bonded butt and scarf joints provide considerably uniform normal and shear stresses in the adhesive layer except in the vicinity of the free end, where normal to shear stress ratio of these joints can cover the stress combination ratio in the adhesive layers of most adhesively bonded joints in industrial applications. In this study, to investigate the effect of rubber modification on fatigue strength with various combined stress conditions in the adhesive layers, fatigue tests were conducted for adhesively bonded butt and scarf joints bonded with rubber modified and unmodified epoxy adhesives, wherein damage evolution in the adhesive layer was evaluated by monitoring strain the adhesive layer and the stress triaxiality parameter was used for evaluating combined stress conditions in the adhesive layer. The main experimental results are as follows: S–N characteristics of these joints showed that the maximum principal stress at the endurance limit indicated nearly constant values independent of combined stress conditions, furthermore the maximum principal stress at the endurance limit for the unmodified adhesive were nearly equal to that for the rubber modified adhesive. From the damage evolution behavior, it was observed that the initiation of the damage evolution shifted to early stage of the fatigue life with decreasing stress triaxiality in the adhesive layer, and the rubber modification accelerated the damage evolution under low stress triaxiality conditions in the adhesive layer.
Superior Supercapacitors based on Biowaste Materials

Carbon nano spheres derived from Allium cepa were synthesized at differenttemperatures in a one-step pyrolysis process for supercapacitor electrodes. Obtainedcarbon nano spheres were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, BET and XRD. The nanomaterials were fabricated into conducting electrodes for cyclic voltammetry, constantcurrent charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. All thestudies were done in 3.0 M KOH electrolyte. Specific capacitance from chargedischarge experiments were found to be 132.03 F/g and 149.49 F/g for nano materialssynthesized at 500ºC and 600ºC respectively. Obtained values suggest a way forward inproducing a green electrode for commercial applications.Keywords: Carbon nano spheres, supercapacitor electrodes, bio material
Routine-Koronarangiograhie bei Patienten mit perkutaner Karotisintervention: Hohe Inzidenz einer signifikanten koronaren Herzkrankheit

Routine Coronary Angiography in Patients Undergoing Stenting of the Carotid Artery: High Incidence of Significant Coronary Artery Disease. In a 2005 published prospective observational study [1], a coronary angiography was performed in 420 patients undergoing elective stenting of the carotid artery. Coronary artery disease was present in 77 % of the patients. In about
Optical microfiber devices based laser and sensor applications / Md. Jahid Faruki

Optical microfiber has attracted many researchers attention due to many interesting properties such as strong evanescent fields, tight optical confinement, compact size and easy integration with the optical system. All these advantages can be used to develop various lasers and refractive index-based sensors. In this work, the microfiber has been fabricated using the flame brushing technique and it has been used in both laser and sensor applications. The microfiber has been used as a filter device to generate dual wavelength fiber laser by taking the advantage of the interference pattern and the unique arrangement of polarization controller (PC). The proposed microfiber device can generate highly stable and tunable dual wavelength with spacing between 0.40 nm to 3.32 nm (corresponding to frequency from 49.4 GHz to 409 GHz). The application of microfiber in pulse laser (Qswitched and mode-locked) generation is demonstrated where graphene coated microfiber device has been utilized as a saturable absorber device. A new Poly (N-vinyl Carbazole) - Polypyrrole/Graphene Oxide (PNVC-PPy/GO) nano-composite material has been deposited on a tapered part to fabricate microfiber based saturable absorber device, and a passively Q-switched fiber laser has been demonstrated with repetition rates from 25.2 kHz to 42.7 kHz. Meanwhile, microfiber based mode locked pulse generation is also demonstrated where pulse trains with a pulse width of 3.46 ps, a 3dB optical bandwidth of 11.82 nm and a repetition rate of 920 kHz are obtained. Moreover, this study has also investigated the mechanism of tuning the mode-locked pulses by stretching the microfiber. The mode-locked pulse is tuned over a span of 4.4 nm (from 1560.6 nm to 1556.2) by stretching the tapered fiber from 0 to 100 μm (strain). Furthermore, microfiber based devices such as dual tapered optical microfiber inline Mach-Zhender interferometer (OMI-MZI) and microfiber knot resonator (MKR) have been exploited in sensor applications. An OMI-MZI has been used as a temperature sensor, and the sensitivity has been observed before and after the coating with PNVC-PPy/GO. The uncoated and PNVC-PPy/GO coated OMI-MZI exhibited a sensitivity of 30.4 pm/oC and 37.1 pm/oC, respectively. Thereafter, a refractive index based humidity sensor has also been demonstrated by using microfiber knot resonator (MKR) where uncoated MKR showed a sensitivity of 1.3 pm/%RH and TiO2 nanoparticles coated MKR showed a sensitivity of 2.5 pm/%RH. Further, the results indicate that the optical microfiber is highly potential for various sensing and lasing applications.
Real-time oxygen saturation measurement based on reflective region removal technology

Blood oxygen saturation is an important physiological parameter to measure human health. The oxygen saturation can be measured in real time through an optical lens with high accuracy. However, when there is the light reflection of the measured area, the accuracy of the measurement results will fluctuate, leading to the instability of the measurement results. In this paper, we improved the original algorithm by detecting and removing the highlight region. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the improved method is higher than that of the traditional method in the case of specular reflection and the stability of the measurement results is enhanced.
The effect of heat-treatment on morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

In the present paper we investigate the effect of heat-treatment on geometry and mobility of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on Si substrate. Chemically synthesized Au nanoparticles with median diameter of 14 nm were annealed at 200°C, 400°C, 600°C and 800°C for 1 hour. Geometry changes from faceted towards more rounded shapes were observed already for 200oC and increased further for higher temperatures. According to KCM simulations NPs become rounded through the minimization of the surface area and transitioning to lower energy surface types {111} and {100}. Next, NPs were manipulated with AFM and it was found that the higher is annealing temperature, the less energy was required to displace the particle. However, after treatment at 800°C particles became immovable. We attributed this surprising effect to diffusion of gold into Si and to the growth of SiO2.
Registration of magnetic resonance and ultrasound images for guiding prostate cancer interventions

Prostate cancer is a major international health problem with a large and rising incidence in many parts of the world. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging is used routinely to guide surgical procedures, such as needle biopsy and a number of minimally-invasive therapies, but its limited ability to visualise prostate cancer is widely recognised. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, on the other hand, have recently been developed that can provide clinically useful diagnostic information. Registration (or alignment) of MR and TRUS images during TRUS-guided surgical interventions potentially provides a cost-effective approach to augment TRUS images with clinically useful, MR-derived information (for example, tumour location, shape and size). This thesis describes a deformable image registration framework that enables automatic and/or semi-automatic alignment of MR and 3D TRUS images of the prostate gland. The method combines two technical developments in the field: First, a method for constructing patient-specific statistical shape models of prostate motion/deformation, based on learning from finite element simulations of gland motion using geometric data from a preoperative MR image, is proposed. Second, a novel “model-to-image” registration framework is developed to register this statistical shape model automatically to an intraoperative TRUS image. This registration approach is implemented using a novel model-to-image vector alignment (MIVA) algorithm, which maximises the likelihood of a particular instance of a statistical shape model given a voxel-intensity-based feature vector that represents an estimate of the surface normal vectors at the boundary of the organ in question. Using real patient data, the MR-TRUS registration accuracy of the new algorithm is validated using intra-prostatic anatomical landmarks. A rigorous and extensive validation analysis is also provided for assessing the image registration experiments. The final target registration error after performing 100 MR–TRUS registrations for each patient have a median of 2.40 mm, meaning that over 93% registrations may successfully hit the target representing a clinically significant lesion. The implemented registration algorithms took less than 30 seconds and 2 minutes for manually defined point- and normal vector features, respectively. The thesis concludes with a summary of potential applications and future research directions.