Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serrated polyps of the colon and rectum

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is heterogeneous disease arising via multiple distinct pathways. One of these pathways is the serrated neoplasia pathway, which encompasses the malignant transformation of serrated polyps into CRC. It is now increasingly recognized that a substantial proportion of CRCs arises via this pathway and there are reasons to believe that the serrated neoplasia pathway may be responsible for a disproportional number of interval cancers. The research reported in this thesis focuses on the epidemiology and endoscopic appearance of serrated polyps, as well as, on the treatment and surveillance of patients with serrated polyposis syndrome and their relatives.
Involvement of Novel Cardiac Peptides in Healthy and Ischemic Hearts

The role and functions of Urotensin II (UII), Urotensin II-related peptide (URP) and proangiotensin-12 (PA12) are currently ambiguous, either due their relatively new identification and isolation from their host species, or due to contrasting and conflicting reports observing the physiological and pathophysiological role of these spasmogens within the mammalian cardiovascular system. Accordingly, we sought to determine the true physiological functions of these peptides in both healthy and diseased states. The initial task was to reveal potential reasons for the contrasting responses to UII, and to define the role of UII within the isolated rat heart. UII and URP retain a highly conserved cyclic region, shown to be necessary in receptor binding and activation, with the high inter-species variance within the N-terminus reported to be of little importance. Our research revealed UII to be highly species-specific, stimulating potent, sustained vasodilation of the coronary arteries in response to the native form infused, while non-native UII peptides had either no effect, or caused significant vasoconstriction. UII-induced vasodilative effects were found to be mediated by nitric oxide and prostaglandin activity combined. Reviewing publications to date it was evident that many studies employed UII foreign to the host species, reporting potentially untrue effects, based on our findings. Recent studies have identified UII as a potent agent in developing and promoting atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease through UII-induced mitogenic activity and promoting foam cell formation. Hence, we observed the effect of infusing the native species of UII and URP into a model of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Both preconditioning the heart with UII or URP, or infusing UII or URP upon reperfusion caused significant coronary vasodilation following ischemia, and significantly attenuated ischemic-induced myocardial injury. These studies indicated elevating UII and URP provided a level of cardioprotection, not only when administered into healthy hearts prior to an ischemic event, but also in hearts having already undergone ischemia and the resultant endothelial damage.
Adherence to Iron Chelation Therapy and Associated Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs in Medicaid Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: While adherence to iron chelation therapy (ICT) is critical for successful iron overload (IO) treatment among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), published data indicate it is often suboptimal. Deferoxamine (DFO) and Deferasirox (DFX) are ICTs indicated for the treatment of chronic IO in patients with SCD. Lack of patient adherence may impact patient outcomes and increase cost of care. This study evaluated the economic burden of ICT non-adherence in patients with SCD from the state Medicaid program’s perspective. Methods: Patients with SCD were identified from Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, and New Jersey (1997-2013) state Medicaid programs. Patients were required to have ≥1 ICD-9 diagnosis code for SCD (282.6), ≥1 prescription for DFO or DFX, and ≥6 months of continuous enrollment prior to the 1 st DFO/DFX prescription (index date), which was defined as the baseline period. Adherence was estimated using the medication possession ratio (MPR), defined as the sum of the days of medication supply divided by the number of days between 1 st and last prescription fill plus the days of supply of the last fill; a threshold of ≥0.80 was used to define optimal adherence. All-cause and SCD-specific resource utilization per-patient-per-month (PPPM) was assessed using cumulative rates, accounting for all visits observed, and compared between adherent and non-adherent patients using cumulative rate ratios (CRR). All-cause and SCD-specific healthcare costs were computed using mean cost PPPM. Regression models adjusting for baseline characteristics were used to assess resource utilization and cost differences between adherent and non-adherent patients. Results: A total of 846 eligible patients with SCD were included with 77 in DFO-only, 686 in DFX-only), and 83 in DFO/DFX switch cohort. Mean (SD) MPR was 0.68 (0.27) for DFO-only patients and 0.75 (0.26) for DFX-only patients (p Conclusion: Published studies have reported low adherence to ICT, and a similar trend was found in this study. Adherent patients were observed to have less frequent hospitalizations and lower overall and SCD-specific IP costs compared to non-adherent patients. It should be noted that the rate of OP visits was higher in the adherent patients compared to non-adherent patients suggesting that adherent patients may be more closely monitored potentially resulting in better overall patient management and fewer hospitalizations. Additional analyses are needed to explore differences between adherent and non-adherent patients. Disclosures Vekeman: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Sasane: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Cheng: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Ramanakumar: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Fortier: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Duh: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Paley: Novartis Pharma: Employment. Adams-Graves: Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
The role of multimedia in cognitive surgical skill acquisition in open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Introduction: Changing work patterns have led to reduction in training hours with potential to affect surgical skills training. Multimedia can be used to supplement cognitive surgical skills training outside the operating room. A systematic review of 21 studies on the role of multimedia in surgical training and assessment demonstrated that multimedia effectively facilitates acquisition of surgical skills and was associated with significant improvement in technical skills and cognitive skills. The aim of this project was to design and develop a multimedia educational tool in anterior resection surgery and evaluate the effectiveness of this tool in teaching and assessment of cognitive surgical skills. Methods: An online multimedia application was developed by filming multiple procedures; editing films into key procedural steps using cognitive task analysis; and integration onto a navigational interface platforms. All steps were supplemented with animation, text and voiceover. A randomised control trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of online multimedia in comparison to conventional teaching in cognitive surgical skills acquisition. All trainees were assessed before and after the study period. Results: Of 59 trainees recruited, 52 completed pre-test assessments. Data from 43 trainees was available for final analysis. Baseline pre-assessment scores were similar in both groups. Senior trainees achieved significantly higher pre-test mean scores compared to junior trainees (p<0.01). Post-test scores improved significantly in both groups and the mean change in scores in the multimedia group was higher (6.60, SD 5.10) compared to the control group (4.89, SD 3.66) was not statistically significant (p=0.21). In the multimedia group 67% strongly agreed the tool was a useful adjunctive educational resource. 67% and 88% of trainees felt their cognitive surgical skills improved. Conclusions: Multimedia is an effective self-directed learning resource for cognitive skill acquisition in colorectal surgery and is well accepted as a training tool outside the operating room.
Gender equality in parental leave and health among men and women. Results from the Northern Swedish cohort

Background The interplay between institutions like working life, the family and the welfare state is different in Nordic countries from that in other western European countries such as The Netherlands and Germany (Esping-Andersen, 1999). When it comes to policies for working parents, the Nordic welfare states are looked upon as particularly innovative. The relatively long periods of parental leave for both parents in these countries are important elements in these policies (Kvande, 2009). These policies must be considered in …
A importância da prevenção e da intervenção em doença periodontal pela equipe de saúde da família

A Doenca Periodontal e uma infeccao bacteriana, cronica, progressiva, e leva a perda de dentes. O biofilme dental, fatores ambientais, socioeconomicos e biologicos sao fundamentais para o inicio e evolucao da DP. Novos paradigmas tem sido adicionados a periodontia baseados em uma relacao de mao-dupla, em que a DP influencia e e influenciada pela doenca sistemica. Antes reconhecida como consequencia, a DP pode causar infeccoes a distância, sendo um fator de risco para cardiopatias, patologias vasculares, diabetes, doencas respiratorias, nascimento de bebes prematuros e de baixo peso, e outras doencas. Este estudo pretende avaliar a DP como fator de risco para outras doencas e elaborar um protocolo de condutas para a Equipe de Saude da Familia (ESF). Quatro eventos sistemicos relacionados a DP foram descritos separadamente: doencas cardiovasculares, doencas pulmonares, maternidade e diabetes. A identificacao e o controle dos fatores de risco para DP sao importantes para o planejamento, tratamento e prevencao desta complexa entidade clinica. Os cuidados periodontais devem ter intima relacao com cuidados gerais de saude, por isso, e importante a conduta correta das ESFs diante de doencas sistemicas que podem estar relacionadas com a periodontite.
Novel Therapies in Acute Kidney Injury

Renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R.) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and is a consequence of acute tubular injury initiated by a combination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ATP depletion. Thiamine has been shown to play an essential role in the scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and regeneration of ATP. Thiamine deficiency causes up-regulation of COX2 which is associated with inflammation and causes cell death. It has been hypothesized that thiamine depletion during I/R injury may be the cause of AKI and can be prevented by thiamine supplementation. To test this we cultured a human proximal tubular cell line (HK2) +/antimycin (to similate ischaemia), and +/thiamine (10uM). Caspase assays showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in caspase 3 activity in thiamine treated cells (n=3.Fig:1). An in vivo study using male Wistar rats administered thiamine orally(500mg/kg) for 3 days prior to induction of ischemia (45 minute clamping of both renal pedicles) showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum creatinine and urea levels 24hrs post ischaemia compared to animals receiving vehicle (n=6.Fig:2a&2b). Ex vivo analysis of the kidneys showed a significant improvement in terms of histological scoring of the tubular injury score (P<0.05), TUNEL positive cells (P<0.01) and reduction of COX-2 and ICAM-1 proteins (P<0.05) in the thiamine treated group compared to control group. Assays for MPO activity (Marker of inflammation), HNE (marker of lipid peroxidation.Fig:3) and ROS (Fig:4) demonstrated significant reductions in the thiamine treated group. We conclude that thiamine protects the kidney against the injury and dysfunction caused by I/R. by anti-apoptotic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. This study identifies a role of thiamine or its analogue in the prevention of AKI in multiple clinical settings and calls for large scale randomized control trials.
Imatinib Therapy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Who Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Molecular Analysis.

We analyzed clinical and molecular follow-up of 16 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). The median interval between allogeneic SCT and relapse was 26 months (7–162). Two patients had failed treatment with donor lymphocyte infusions prior to Imatinib; four patients had received therapy with IFN alpha. All patients were treated with Imatinib (400 or 600 mg/daily). One patient had received Imatinib before allogeneic SCT. The overall complete hematological (CHR) and cytogenetic responses (CCyR) were 100% for all patients either relapsed in CP or AP. All patients achieved complete molecular response (CMR), intended as 3 logs reduction of BCR-ABL/B2M within 18 months; 8/16 patients obtained a CMR within three months, independently of the phase of the disease at of relapse. Median follow-up after start of Imatinib therapy was 24 months (range 6–36). Chimerism status evaluated in 9 patients showed conversion to full donor chimerism after therapy in all but one of them. Imatinib has significant activity against CML in relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with durable cytogenetic and molecular remissions obtainable in all patients.
Apnéia do sono associada a obesidade: alguma influência na formação dos aneurismas cerebrais?

Os autores selecionaram um grupo de pacientes com apneia do sono e aneurismas cerebrais e procuraram correlacionar com casos de sobrepeso e obesidade, encontrando 80% de pacientes com obesidade do sexo feminino, com idades entre49 e 72 anos (media de 60,6 anos), todas submetidas a gastroplastia previa, e tendo sido submetidas a repetidos regimes para emagrecer , com 60% de aneurismas rotos, todos Hunt-Hess entre III e V e Fisher 4 . Aqueles com sobrepeso, idadeentre 53 e 70 anos ( media 60,5 anos), 50% tabagistas, 75%com aneurismas rotos, com gradacao Hunt-Hess 3.3 em media,e Fisher de 3.3 em media. Concluir sobre a correlacao e muito incipiente e mais estudos devem ser feitos neste sentido. The authors have selected a group of patients with sleep apnea and brain aneurysms and sought to correlate with cases of overweight and obesity. They have found a high incidence of bleeding among those patients in both groups of obesity, most of them at computed tomography with Fisher score of III to IV,in patients with ruptured aneurysms (60% of rupture in severe obesity and 75% in overweight), and clinical status of Fisher I Vin obese patients and 3.3 in over weighed patients. Beyond any doubts, further studies should be accomplished to establish a strong correlation between associated obesity and sleep apnea and the patophysiology of brain aneurysms.
Quiste óseo simple de calcáneo y su tratamiento con médula ósea autóloga

Summary We present a study of eight simple bone cysts of the calcaneus. Because simple bone cyst of the calcaneus is rare, this study is very important because it presents a non-aggressive, non-invasive treatment that consists of use of autologous bone marrow, which possesses osteogenic precursor cells for neoformation of bone. The present work shows clinically and radiologically a serie of bone cysts located in neck or anterior calcaneal portion. These eight lesions have been studied and treated during the last 5 years with the same method. We reviewed the literature and observed good results without complications. Resumen Se realiza un estudio de ocho quistes oseos simples de calcaneo, que por su escasa frecuencia de presentacion es de gran importancia por su aportacion como por su tratamiento no agresivo ni invasivo, con el uso de medula osea autologa, que presenta celulas precursoras osteogenicas para la neoformacion osea. El presente trabajo demuestra clinica y radiologicamente una serie de quistes oseos localizados en el cuello o porcion anterior del calcaneo. Estas ocho lesiones han sido estudiadas y tratadas en los ultimos cinco anos bajo el mismo metodo consistente en injerto de medula osea autologa por via percutanea. Se realiza una comparacion y revision de la literatura a la que se tuvo acceso. Se observan buenos resultados sin presentar complicaciones. Palabras clave: calcaneo, quiste oseo, injerto, medula osea autologa, informacion.
Comparative efficacy of neem and pungan oil against lice infestation in chicken

Two trails were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of neem and pungan oil against lice infestation in chicken. Twenty four white leghorn layer birds, naturally infested with Menopon gallinae and Lipeurus tropicalis were divided into four groups comprising of six birds. Group I and group II were sprayed with neem and pungan oil at the dose rate of 5 ml per bird respectively. Group III was treated with cypermethrin (0.2 %) and the birds of group IV were kept as control. The lice intensity was reduced to 4 and 5, 2 and 3, and 3 and 2% on 7th, 14th and 21st day post treatment in pungan and neem oil group, respectively. In the cypermethrin treated group the lice count came down to zero on 7th day post treatment. But, no such reduction in the lice count was observed in the control group. Reinfestation was not observed up to 60 days in the treated groups.
Abstract 39: Estimated Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Associated with the Replacement of Various Foods with Vegetables in Two Large Prospective Cohorts

Introduction: Previous studies show that higher fruit and vegetable intake is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the magnitude of this association may vary depending on what foods are replaced. In a typical meal, vegetables may replace grains or protein sources but the potential benefits of replacing specific foods with vegetables have not been quantified. Hypothesis: The replacement of refined grains and red or processed meat with vegetables will be associated with a lower risk of CHD. Methods: We identified incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD in 41,983 men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and 77,347 women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study from 1986 to 2012 who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Participants self-reported their usual diet at baseline and every four years over 26 years of follow-up. We used substitution models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for total CHD, adjusting for age, total calories, smoking, alcohol, family history of MI, physical activity, aspirin use, BMI, and history of hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. We pooled results using a meta-analysis with fixed effects. Results: We confirmed 4,220 incident CHD events among men and 3,199 among women. In fully adjusted models, combining men and women, replacing one serving/day of starchy vegetables (peas, corn, and potatoes) with one serving/day of non-starchy vegetables was associated with a 21% lower risk of CHD. Replacing one serving/day of refined grains with one serving/day of non-starchy vegetables was associated with a 4% lower risk of CHD, and replacing one serving/day of processed meats or unprocessed red meat with one serving/day of non-starchy vegetables was associated with a 23% lower risk of CHD. Conclusions: Consuming vegetables, especially non-starchy vegetables, in place of less healthy refined grains and red and processed meats, was associated with a lower risk of CHD.
Ionizing radiation predisposes non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells to undergo TGF beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Ionizing radiation predisposes non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells to undergo TGFβ - induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition Kumari L Andarawewa, Anna C Erickson, William S Chou, Sylvain V Costes, Philippe Gascard, Joni D Mott, Mina J Bissell and Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 *Corresponding Author: M.H. Barcellos-Hoff Life Sciences Division Bldg. 977-225A 1 Cyclotron Rd. Berkeley, CA 94720 510-486-6371 PHONE 510-486-5586 FAX MHBarcellos-Hoff@lbl.gov Financial Support: Support was provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Specialized Center for Research in Radiation Health Effects; the Low Dose Radiation Program of the DOE Office of Biological Effects Research; DOD DAMD17-00-1-0224 to ACE; and the Office of Health and Environmental Research, Health Effects Division, United States Department of Energy (contract no.03-76SF00098). Running Title: Radiation-induced EMT Total Word Count: 7661 Abstract: 241 Text: 4585 Figures: 6 Key Words: TGFβ, ionizing radiation, mammary epithelial cell, EMT Abbreviations: Transforming growth factor β1, TGFβ; ionizing radiation, IR; human mammary epithelial cells, HMEC; epidermal growth factor, EGF; epithelial to mesenchymal transition, EMT; conditioned medium, CM.
Introduction to the Survey of Youth in Residential

The bulletin describes the survey’s design and methodology. It also provides an overview of the remaining bulletins in the series, which draw on the findings of the first national SYRP to report on the characteristics, backgrounds, and expectations of youth in residential placement; the conditions of their confinement; their needs and the services they receive in custody to address them; and their risk of victimization during confinement.
Correlation between preeclampsia and season or some of its risk factor pregnant women

زمینه و هدف: پره اکلامپسی از عوارض عمده بارداری محسوب می شود و یکی از سه علل اصلی مرگ و میر مادران به شمار می رود. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی رابطه پره اکلامپسی با فصل و عوامل خطر زای آن در زنان 45-15 ساله انجام شد. روش بررسی: نمونه های مورد مطالعه با بررسی پرونده های موجود در بایگانی زایشگاه قدس زاهدان طی سال های 1386-1383 تعداد 2488 زن باردار با تشخیص پره اکلامپسی که واجد شرایط پژوهش بودند (سن 45-15 سال و حاملگی اول الی سوم) انتخاب شدند. 2488 زن باردار نیز به عنوان گروه فاقد پره اکلامپسی (شاهد) انتخاب شدند که از نظر سن و تعداد حاملگی با گروه مبتلا همسان بودند. اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامه جمع آوری و به کمک آزمون های کای دو تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد ارتباط معنی داری بین پره اکلامپسی و فصل وجود دارد، به طوری که با شروع فصل بهار پره اکلامپسی به تدریج افزایش پیدا کرده و در پاییز به یک افزایش ناگهانی می رسد و در زمستان کاهش ناگهانی پیدا می کند (001/0P
Néphrotoxicité de l'amphotéricine B

Amphotericin B is widely used for severe life threatening fungal infections. Its use is limited by a dose-dependent nephrotoxicity manifested by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and tubular dysfunction. An elevated creatinine associated with amphotericin B is not only a marker for renal dysfunction but is also linked to a substantial risk for the use of hemodialysis and a higher mortality rate; therefore amphotericin B nephrotoxicity is not a benign complication and its prevention is essential. Several manipulations have been proposed to try and minimize amphotericin B induced nephrotoxicity. Systematic hydration is crucial to minimize amphotericin B. Mannitol or intralipids administration were once suggested as protective based on anecdotal observational reports. Small prospective and randomized trials, however did not support a protective effect. Three new formulations have been developed in an attempts to improse both efficacy and tolerability: amphotericin B in lipid complex (ABLC, Abelcet). Colloidal dispersion (ABCD, Amphotec and amphotericin B liposome (Ambisome). Three prospectives randomized studies have clearly shown that Ambisome is less nephrotoxic than amphotericin B. Unfortunately the only randomized trial comparing Abelcet with amphotericin B is an open-label treatment of invasive candidiasis which was presented 5 years ago but never published as a full paper. Furthermore in a recent multicenter double-blind study it has been shown that Ambisome has a better safety profile than Abelcet with less chills/rigors and less nephrotocixity.