Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC) for Punjabi Automatic Speech Recognition using phone based modelling in HTK

Punjabi is a regional language having variant pronunciations and ranging tones. Therefore developing a robust speech recognition system for such language is today's vital need. Conventional research practices lay stress on using basic extraction techniques like Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP) etc. This papers subject the application of a novel Feature Extraction Technique called Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC) on connected words in Punjabi Automatic Speech Recognition. This particular technique is an extension to conventional MFCC as MFCC uses mel filter bank and traditional log non linearity on other end the proposed technique uses gammatone filter bank and power law non linearity in acoustic modelling phase. As phoneme sounds (tones) are focused, phone based modelling has been enrolled using 34 phones for training 158 words. The phones are used to break each phoneme word into frames based on the sound produced. Training was done in noise-free environment using 16 speakers and noisy environments with 12 speakers. HTK (Hidden Markov Model toolkit) is used to build acoustic model hatching 8 HMM models for training. Each speaker sheered the speech corpus for number of times to increase the redundancy of the system hence, blooming the recognition rate. Performance analysis was done in noisy-free and noisy environments indulging 3 speakers giving 83.05% accuracy in noisy-free and 71.92% accuracy in noisy environment.
Traditional Chinese medicine and related active compounds against hepatitis B virus infection.

Hepatitis B induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major public health problem worldwide. Although several antiviral drugs have been approved for hepatitis B, they cause significant dose-dependent side-effects (interferon-alpha) and drug resistance (lamivudine, etc.). Safe and potent new anti-HBV drugs are urgently needed. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an established segment of the health care system in China and widely used for hepatitis B in China and many parts of the world. Many TCMs and related active compounds have been reported that have promising and potent anti-HBV activities, including Phyllanthus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Rheum palmatum L. , Radix Astragali, oxymatrine, artemisinin and artesunate, and wogonin. Thus, TCM is a potential candidate for anti-HBV drugs. More information is needed regarding TCMs, including preparation, standardization, identification of active ingredients, and toxicological evaluation. Therefore, TCM development needs to apply advanced and interdisciplinary methodology and technology and perform further rigorously designed experimental and clinical investigations.
Liver injury following small intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats is attenuated by Pistacia lentiscus oil: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects

Abstract Context: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) not only leads to severe intestine damage but also induced subsequent destruction of remote organs. Objective: We investigated the protective effect of Pistascia lentiscus L. (Anacardiaceae) oil on IIR. Materials and methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham, intestinal IR and P. lentiscus pretreatment (n = 18 each). In the pretreatment group, oil was administered 1 h before induction of warm ischemia. Results: IIR led to severe liver damage manifested as a significant (p < .05) increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Pistacia lentiscus oil decreased the visible intestinal damage, as well as a significant decrease in serum AST and ALT levels. In addition, Pistacia lentiscus reduce liver injury, as evidenced by the decrease in liver tissue myeloperoxidase activity and lipoperoxidation (MDA) level. Conclusion: Pistascia lentiscus attenuates liver injury induced by IIR, attributable to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
In vivo properties of a cloned K88 adherence antigen determinant

An Escherichia coli strain of serotype O9:K36:H19 harboring the K88 recombinant plasmid pMK005 was able to efficiently colonize the small bowel of young piglets after oral infection. The strain expressed K88 antigen in vivo, and bacteria were detected in close association with the surface of the intestinal villi. Mice infected orally or intravenously with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 harboring pMK005 were well protected against subsequent challenge with the highly virulent S. typhimurium SL1344. Anti-K88 antibodies were detected in the serum of mice immunized with SL3261(pMK005).
Coliform Bacteraemia in Infants

The incidence of patients with positive blood cultures from which a single species of coliform bacillus was isolated is given for the years 1962 to 67. There has been an increase during these years particularly in neonatal infants: 91 cases were recorded in babies under 6 months of age, and the bacteriological and clinical findings have been related in 85. Children born either prematurely or as a multiple birth and those with congenital malformations showed a predisposition to this form of infection. Many of the remaining cases had an associated localised infection. Some aspects of the cause of the increase in coliform bacteraemia in babies are discussed and the severity and possible implications of the infection are emphasised.
Circulating plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and blood pressure tracking in the community

Objective Clinical trials using cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors to raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations reported an ‘off-target’ blood pressure (BP) raising effect. We evaluated the relations of baseline plasma CETP activity and longitudinal BP change. Methods and results One thousand, three hundred and seven Framingham Study participants free of cardiovascular disease attending consecutive examinations 4 years apart (mean age 48 years) had baseline plasma CETP activity related to change in BP over the 4-year interval, adjusting for standard risk factors. Systolic BP increased [median +2 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) −16,+23 mmHg], whereas diastolic BP decreased (median −3 mmHg, 95% CI −15,+11 mmHg). Plasma CETP activity was not related to change in diastolic BP, but was inversely related to change in systolic BP that was borderline significant (P = 0.09). On multivariable analyses, plasma CETP activity was inversely related to change in pulse pressure (PP; beta per SD increment = −0.71 mmHg, P = 0.005). When dichotomized at the median, plasma CETP activity above the median was associated with a 1 mmHg lower PP on follow-up (P = 0.045). Conclusion Decreasing plasma CETP activity was modestly related to increasing PP on follow-up in our community-based sample, suggesting that inhibition of intrinsic CETP activity itself is likely associated with minimal changes in BP.
Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts Amplify the Arthritogenic Type I IFN Response in Murine Lyme Disease and Are Major Sources of Chemokines in Borrelia burgdorferi-Infected Joint Tissue

Localized elevation in type I IFN has been uniquely linked to the severe Lyme arthritis that develops in C3H mice infected with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In this study, the dynamic interactions that result in generation of these responses were further examined in C3H mice carrying the type I IFN receptor gene ablation, which effectively blocks all autocrine/paracrine signaling crucial to induction of downstream effectors. Reciprocal radiation chimeras between C3H and IFNAR1−/− mice implicated both radiation-sensitive and radiation-resistant cells of the joint tissue in the proarthritic induction of type I IFN. Ex vivo analysis of cells from the naive joint revealed CD45+ cells residing in the tissue to be uniquely capable of initiating the type I IFN response to B. burgdorferi. Type I IFN responses were analyzed in real time by lineage sorting of cells from infected joint tissue. This demonstrated that myeloid cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts were responsible for propagating the robust IFN response, which peaked at day 7 postinfection and rapidly resolved. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts were the dominant sources of IFN signature transcripts in the joint tissue. Fibroblasts were also the major early source of chemokines associated with polymorphonuclear leukocyte and monocyte/macrophage infiltration, thus providing a focal point for arthritis development. These findings suggest joint-localized interactions among related and unrelated stromal, endothelial, and myeloid cell lineages that may be broadly applicable to understanding the pathogeneses of diseases associated with type I IFN signature, including systemic lupus erythematosus and some rheumatoid arthritides.
Brief Announcement: Gossiping with Latencies

Consider the classical problem of information dissemination: one (or more) nodes in a network have some information that they want to distribute to the remainder of the network. In this paper, we study the cost of information dissemination in networks where edges have latencies, i.e., sending a message from one node to another takes some amount of time. We first generalize the idea of conductance to weighted graphs, defining φ* to be the "weighted conductance" and l* to be the "critical latency. " One goal of this paper is to argue that φ* characterizes the connectivity of a weighted graph with latencies in much the same way that conductance characterizes the connectivity of unweighted graphs. We give near tight lower and upper bounds on the problem of information dissemination. Specifically, we show that in a graph with (weighted) diameter D (with latencies as weights), maximum degree Δ, weighted conductance φ* and critical latency l*, any information dissemination algorithm requires at least Ω(min(D+Δ, l*/φ*)) time. We then give nearly matching algorithms, showing that information dissemination can be solved in O(min((D + Δ)log3n), (l*/φ*)log(n)) time.
Effects of Body Temperature on Respiration, Blood Gases and Acid-Base Status in the Turtle Chrysemys Picta Bellii

Freshwater turtles ( Chrysemys picta bellii Gray) were acclimated to temperatures of 5, 10, 20 and 30°C for at least 12 days, and pulmonary ventilation, oxygen uptake and arterial pH, PCOCO2 and POO2 were determined in completely unrestrained specimens. Oxygen uptake (V·OO2) increased overproportionately (6.7-fold) as compared to pulmonary ventilation (V·1, 4.4-fold) when the temperature increased from 10 to 30°C. The observed rise in arterial PCOCO2 from 13 (5°C) to 32mmHg (30°C) was the result of a decrease in V·1/V·OO2, whereas an increase of arterial POO2 from 12Torr at 5°C to about 60Torr at 20 and 30°C mainly resulted from the effects of intracardiac blood shunting combined with temperature-dependent shifts of the oxygen dissociation curve. Arterial pH fell with rising temperature significantly less (ΔpH/Δt =−0.010U/°C) than required for constant relative alkalinity and for constant dissociation of imidazole. The changes of cerebrospinal fluid pH with temperature, calculated from the mean arterial PCOCO2 values, were even smaller [ΔpH/ΔtCSF = −0.008). It is concluded that the observed temperature dependence of the acid-base status is not in agreement with the alphastat hypothesis.
Interaction network analysis of differentially expressed genes and screening of cancer marker in the urine of patients with invasive bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE To detect the expression profile of bladder cancer and to delineate the interaction network of these genes in invasive bladder cancer. METHODS A total of 126 differentially expressed genes were identified, and input into STRING online database to delineate interaction network. The network data were screened with central nodes. The expression of genes with the most evident change in the exfoliated cells of urine was detected. RNA markers with over-expression in stage Ta tumor and/or T1 to T4 tumors but low expression in blood or inflammatory cells were characterized. RESULTS On the basis of assay of 21,639 whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray, a total of 126 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 69 had up-regulated expression and 57 had down-regulated expression. STRING screening showed there were interactions among 103 genes in the bladder cancer which formed a complex network. A total of 23 central nodes were screened with Cytoscape and are involved in multiple signaling pathways related to tumorigenesis. The test specificity was 80% for the 30 control patients with urinary tract infections. The combination of BLCA-4 and HOXA13 could distinguish between low and high grade tumors, with specificity and sensitivity of 80%. CONCLUSION The interaction network of differentially expressed genes, especially the central nodes of this network, can provide evidence for the early diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy of invasive bladder cancer, and combined detection of IGF-1, hTERT, BLCA-4 and HOXA13 genes is helpful to evaluate BTCC at different stages.
Dual Inference for Machine Learning

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of machine learning in solving artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) tasks in many domains, including translation, speech, image, etc. Within these domains, AI tasks are usually not independent. As a specific type of relationship, structural duality does exist between many pairs of AI tasks, such as translation from one language to another vs. its opposite direction, speech recognition vs. speech syntheti-zation, image classiﬁcation vs. image generation, etc. The importance of such duality has been mag-niﬁed by some recent studies, which revealed that it can boost the learning of two tasks in the dual form. However, there has been little investigation on how to leverage this invaluable relationship into the inference stage of AI tasks. In this paper, we propose a general framework of dual inference which can take advantage of both existing models from two dual tasks, without re-training, to conduct inference for one individual task. Empirical studies on three pairs of speciﬁc dual tasks, including machine translation, sentiment analysis, and image processing have illustrated that dual inference can signiﬁcantly improve the performance of each of individual tasks.
SWINE FOCUS # 004 Nutritional value of soy products fed to pigs

Soybeans is an important crop in the United States and are primarily used for animal feed, human food, and production of biofuels. Soybean meal (SBM) and other soy products contribute high-quality protein to diets fed to pigs because soy protein is rich in the limiting amino acids lysine, threonine, and tryptophan that are present in relatively low concentrations in the most commonly fed cereal grains. Amino acids in soy protein also have a greater digestibility by pigs than amino acids in most other commonly fed protein sources. Soy products are also a significant source of energy in diets fed to pigs and soybean meal contains as much digestible and metabolizable energy as corn. Although soy is usually fed to pigs in the form of soybean meal, full fat soybeans may be included in the diets to increase the energy density of the diet. Due to the high fiber content of soy hulls, the energy concentration in de-hulled soybean products is greater than in products containing hulls. The majority of the phosphorus in soy products is bound to phytic acid, which has a low digestibility to pigs, but the digestibility of phosphorus in soy products may be increased to more than 60% if diets are supplemented with microbial phytase.
Alcohol‐Induced Pituitary Adenolysis: How Does It Control Intractable Cancer Pain?—An Experimental Study Using Tooth Pulp‐Evoked Potentials in Rhesus Monkeys

The mechanism by which chemical hypophysectomy may relieve intractable pain in patients with cancer was evaluated in six adult rhesus monkeys. Pain was produced by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp, and evoked potentials were recorded from the primary somatosensory cortex (PSC), the centrum medianum of the thalamus (CM), and the midbrain reticular formation (MRF) before and after injection of absolute alcohol into the pituitary gland and again following intramuscular administration of naloxone. At autopsy pituitary ablation was found to be complete in three animals and incomplete in the other three. A marked decrease in amplitude without change in latency was observed in the PSC, CM, and MRF in all animals following tooth pulp stimulation, indicating that the hypophysectomy was equally effective regardless of the degree of destruction of the pituitary gland. Naloxone reversed the hypophysectomy-induced changes in tooth pulp-evoked potentials (TPEPs) recorded from PSC in animals with complete destruction of the pituitary but had no effect in any animals on TPEPs recorded from CM and MRF and had no effect on TPEPs recorded from PSC in animals with incomplete destruction of the pituitary. These findings are compatible with the possibility that interference with sensory pathways produced by injection of alcohol may be a causative factor in the decrease in TPEPs recorded and suggest that overproduction of endorphine activated by alcohol-induced hypophysectomy may contribute to the relief of pain in patients with cancer following chemical hypophysectorny.
Methodological proposal for process mining projects

Process mining is a discipline that allows organisations to discover, analyse and improve their business processes. Although the techniques, algorithms and software packages intended for the application of this discipline have been evolving positively, challenges have appeared as it is applied to process improvement projects. This is because most of the methodological approaches developed for its application provide general guidelines, but they do not define the specific steps and tactics for the challenges that a practitioner must go through when facing a process redesign project through process mining. The current development contributes to improving the applicability of this discipline by designing a methodology that allows professionals and organizations to conduct process mining projects. The methodology is illustrated by applying to three case studies, after which it was subjected to evaluation by the personnel of the companies that participated in its application. The limitations of the designed methodology and future research perspectives are finally discussed.
Use of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary practice

Shortly after antimicrobial drugs were developed they were used in veterinary medicine to treat mastitis in dairy cows. 1 2 Disease is inevitable in all animals, whether farm animals or pets, and healthy animals may also be carriers and asymptomatic excreters of pathogens. The use of antimicrobial drugs varies between species and may be influenced by husbandry and the pattern of trade in a particular class of animal.3 Antimicrobial drugs are given to animals by injection (intravenously, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously), orally in food or water, topically on the skin, and by intramammary and intrauterine infusions. Antibiotics are easier to give to animals by injection, and the digestive system of ruminants often renders oral antimicrobial drugs ineffective. #### Summary points The prevalence of pathogens on farms depends on many factors, not least the type of husbandry, the environmental pressure on a farm, and the standard of stockmanship. The most commonly used antimicrobial drugs in animals reared for food are from five major classes: β lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and sulphonamides. In addition, quinolones have been available in some European countries for more than 20 years.4 The discovery of third generation fluoroquinolones with a broader spectrum of activity has led to interest in their use in …
Illustrated Dictionary Of Practical Pottery

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Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy: A dominant photothermal ablative mechanism with chemical decomposition of urinary calculi

Evidence is presented that the fragmentation process of long‐pulse Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) lithotripsy is governed by photothermal decomposition of the calculi rather than photomechanical or photoacoustical mechanisms as is widely thought. The clinical Ho:YAG laser lithotriptor (2.12 μm, 250 μs) operates in the free‐running mode, producing pulse durations much longer than the time required for a sound wave to propagate beyond the optical penetration depth of this wavelength in water. Hence, it is unlikely that shock waves are produced during bubble formation. In addition, the vapor bubble induced by this laser is not spherical. Thus the magnitude of the pressure wave produced at cavitation collapse does not contribute significantly to lithotripsy.
Le De architectura et les traités de mécanique ancienne

Vitruve nomme machinatio la troisieme partie de l'architecture et il y consacre son dernier livre. Il est le seul auteur latin a employer ce mot pour parler de la mecanique en tant que discipline, le seul aussi a en donner une definition et a lui consacrer un traite, mais il existe un «genre mecanique» dans la litterature grecque. Pour embrasser l'ensemble de ce domaine il faut considerer a la fois les traites consacres a la description de machines, a la mecanique theorique et aux problemes de tactique. En replacant Vitruve dans cet ensemble il se degage que le livre X du De architectura fait partie d'une tradition de genre mais qu'il est aussi une œuvre originale par l'organisation de la matiere car aucun traite conserve n'a reuni en un seul volume les differents aspects de la mecanique. En l'etat actuel Vitruve peut etre considere comme le createur d'une nouvelle syntaxe mecanique. L'examen de la litterature mecanique posterieure revele que sa formule n'a pas ete suivie et que son œuvre mecanique meme a ete ignoree. Cela tient a sa nature : Vitruve poursuit deux perspectives opposees bien qu'il cherche a les lier, l'une est culturelle, l'autre est pratique. Cela l'oblige a considerer a l'extreme son propos : il devient obscur pour les non specialistes car la matiere y est particulierement difficile et il est insuffisant pour les specialistes qui trouvent des developpements beaucoup plus consequents chez d'autres auteurs.
TFD thresholding in estimating the number of EEG components and the dominant if using the short-term rényi entropy

Time-frequency (TF) based EEG signal analysis using the local or short-term Rényi entropy often requires low-energy cross-terms and noise suppression prior to the estimation of the local number of components and the dominant component instantaneous frequency (IF). This can be easily accomplished by thresholding in the TF domain with the preset TF threshold value, often chosen empirically. The paper investigates the sensitivity of the method based on the local Rényi entropy to the chosen threshold value. The study was performed on real-life left and right hand movements EEG signals. As shown in the paper, the number of the EEG components extracted using the short-term Rényi entropy is highly sensitive to the chosen TF threshold value, unlike the dominant IF which was shown to be highly robust to TF thresholding. Hence, characterization of the EEG signals using the short-term Rényi entropy should include both detecting the number of EEG components and the dominant component IF estimation.