Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
7 Local Stabilisation of Ensembles of LVQ-based Nearest Neighbour Classifiers

This chapter presents two simple methods that generate a single classifier from an ensemble of Nearest Neighbour (NN) classifiers. These methods are different to any combination method for classification proposed to date. They are based on getting an ensemble of perturbed NN classifiers using a Kohonen’s LVQ algorithm that is initialised with different ordering of training data and different initial conditions. Since the distribution of the codebooks of the NN ensemble is arranged in clusters, a combined codebook is computed using a cluster algorithm, like the batch K-means, that computes an average solution in each natural group. This first method (so-called local averaging) can be viewed as either a technique to reduce the variance of codevectors or as the result of averaging a series of particular bootstrap replicates. The second method ( local extreme) is based on the idea of generating a single codebook from the extreme prototypes of the whole set of codebooks. A simple heuristic algorithm is proposed in order to get these extreme prototypes. Although the variance of local extreme respect to the codebooks of the ensemble is greater than the variance of local averaging, it allows combining codebooks of different sizes and also can lead to better solutions in problems where several solutions co-exist. Experimental results using seven classification problems confirm the utility of both methods.
APLICACIÓN DEL PROCEDIMIENTO DE DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA CALIDAD DE LOS DATOS EN EMPRESA PRODUCTORA DE ENVASES DE MADERA

En el trabajo se realiza un estudio de la calidad de los datos a traves de la aplicacion del Procedimiento de Diagnostico de la Calidad de los Datos, en el area economica de un taller de una empresa productora de envases de madera de un importante sector de la economia del pais. El procedimiento se estructura en 6 etapas, incluyendose inicialmente la evaluacion de criterios para la implementacion y el aspecto invalidante referido a la presencia de un patron de referencia. Se concluye que en general se reportaron cantidades por debajo de las reales en 922.8 litros y 1907.71 unidades de pesos, por la mala calidad de los datos. La consistencia es la dimension menos afectada, globalmente el nivel de calidad es de un 78% y la seguridad de los datos es regular. Para el sellador y clear aproximadamente la mitad de los errores son graves y de gravedad media. Los erroneos valores se generan en el area economica, agrupandose las causas en la entrada de datos, solicitudes mal interpretadas y diseno de la base de datos, presentandose soluciones como la aplicacion creada para la entrada doble de los datos. Las tecnicas y metodos de analisis mas utilizados fueron: entrevista, encuestas, consulta bibliografica, revision de documentos, enfoque de proceso, diagramas de cajas, de dispersion, de Pareto e Ishikawa. This work fulfils a study of data quality by application of Data Quality Diagnosis Procedure in the economic area of a workshop belonging to an enterprise involved in producing wood pocking for an important sector of the country economy. This procedure is organized in six stages including initially the evaluation of criteria about the method used and the incapacitating aspect referred to the presence of a reference pattern. It has been determined that generally issued quantities were underneath of real ones in 922.8 litters and 1907.71 units of pesos because of bad data quality. The consistency is the least affected dimension, globally the quality level is 78% and the security of data is regular. For sealer and clear approximately half of errors are graves and mean grave. The mistaken values are produce in the economic area grouping the causes in input of data, bad interpretation of solicitude and bad design of data base, giving solutions such as created system for double data input. The techniques and analysis methods more frequently use were: inquiry, interviews, bibliographic consultation, revision of documents, process focusing, boxplot, scatterplot, Pareto and Ishikawa´s diagrams.
CHAPTER 10 Use and Abuse of Citations

Research output in the form of articles, books, and book chapters exists to be used by other researchers to inform subsequent research, influence policy decisions, and improve clinical practice. Authors need to consider how to make appropriate use of their previous publications and the work of others and how to ensure that their own work will be used appropriately. A research article, book, policy document, or treatment manual should refer to other writing that is relevant to its message. Citation is the formal vehicle for doing this. It involves explicit reference to a piece of research output that, in principle, can be anything from an article in a journal to a website. Conventions applying to citation practice regulate the transmission of information, and citation conventions vary from one research field to another. The following text focuses primarily on what might be termed cumulative research in which the goal is to accumulate enduring knowledge and understanding. There are two main types of citation (Box 10.1). In this chapter we use the term referential citation to refer to the situation in which a piece of research output (which may be empirical or conceptual) is being used for what it contributes to the field. The term critical citation is used when the citing piece points to what is considered a flaw in some research output. The citation serves one or more essential functions: It enables the reader to examine the cited work to check the veracity of a statement that it is being used to support or the correctness of the use of a concept or interpretation of a process. When citing in support of a statement being made in one’s own article, it also acknowledges the contribution made by the cited work. Both
Development of model equations for selecting optimum parameters for dry process of shea butter extraction

Shea butter is the fat content of the kernel of shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa) which grows naturally from the wild and uncultivated state in most parts of Africa. The fat is used as edible oil and for raw material in the production of soaps, pomade, drugs and medicinal ointments. Wet extraction process is the method used in shea butter processing industry among women in African rural and urban communities. Apart from the low yield (below 20%), this wet extraction process is associated with environmental polluting effluents as by products. Experiments on dry extraction of shea butter from shea kernel were carried out using an instrumented piston-cylinder rig in conjunction with the TESTOMETRIC Universal Testing Machine (Model M500–50 KN). Shea butter was mechanically expressed when pressures of 1.5, 2.9, 5.8 and 8.8 MPa were applied at the rate of 2.50, 5.00, 7.50 and 10.00 mm/min on crushed shea kernel heated at 50, 70, 90 and 110°C. Measurements were made of oil yield, oil recovery efficiency and process loss during the mechanical expression process. The measured effects of heating temperature, applied pressure and loading speed on oil yield, oil recovery efficiency and process loss were examined using a 43 factorial experiment in randomized complete block design. Model equations were developed by employing multiple regression analysis using SPSS 11.0 package. Further analysis by optimization process revealed optimum heating temperature, applied pressure and loading rate of 82.24°C, 9.69 MPa and 2.50 mm min-1 respectively. These combinations gave 35.39% oil yield, 58.62% oil recovery efficiency and 2.83% process loss. This information provides useful data for developing a process line for dry extraction of shea butter from shea kernel. Key words: Shea butter, dry extraction, model equations, optimization, oil yield.
Selecting maize for rapid kernel drydown: timing of moisture measurement.

Previous studies have shown that maize ear moisture measured using a modified Electrophics Moisture Meter model MT808 was highly correlated to kernel moisture and could be used as a selection tool in breeding maize genotypes with faster rates of kernel drydown. Such a tool would need to be standardized for practical and routine use in a breeding program with large numbers of plants. The objective of this study was to determine the opti¬mum time for measuring ear moisture using this meter. In a split-plot design with three replicates in 2007, 2008 and 2009, ear moisture of six inbred lines and eight F1 hybrids were measured weekly from one to eight weeks post-silking using a modified MT808 moisture meter. To determine if multiple ear moisture readings (EMRs) could be made on the same ear, an additional treatment was added so that all eight readings were made on the same ear. There was a positive correlation between weekly EMRs readings done on separate ears and those done on the same ear, indicating that repeated readings, if desired, could be made on the same ear. Significant genotypic differences in EMRs were found five to eight weeks post-silking. The EMRs at week one, five, and eight could be used to calculate a daily drydown rate (DDR). Maize genotypes (hybrids and inbreds) could be divided into four groups based on their DDRs during development as: high-high, high-low, low-high, and low-low DDRs from weeks one to five and five to eight, respectively. Genotypes with higher DDRs from weeks one to five tended to have overall higher DDRs by eight weeks post-silking. Inbred lines with higher DDRs at either stage expressed this trait in their hybrid crosses. This non-destructive method will improve selection for fast kernel drydown in maize breed¬ing programs, especially in short-season areas.
Income Diversification and Poverty in a Growing Agricultural Economy: The Case of Ghana

This paper analyses changes in income portfolios of rural households and its determinants for the case of Ghana in the 1990s. Our analysis shows that, contrary to common beliefs, rural Ghana has seen major economic transformation, as households increasingly diversify their livelihoods by both increased migration and more local non-farm employment. These diversification decisions seem to be driven to a large extent by desperation rather than new opportunities, in particular with regard to migration. Low-income households increase their income share in particular from local non-farm activities through more participation while returns to diversifying activities stagnate or even decrease. Therefore households with a low non-labour asset-base are increasingly diversified and poor. In contrast, asset-rich households are more successful at either diversifying or specialising in those activities the household is relatively good at. They also tend to benefit more from agricultural growth.
Performance Analysis of Mobile Ad Hoc Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication Networks with Directional Antennas

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have the potential of creating an ad hoc communication network in the air. Most UAVs used in communication networks are equipped with wireless transceivers using omnidirectional antennas. In this paper, we consider a collection of UAVs that communicate through wireless links as a mobile ad-hoc network using directional antennas. The network design goal is to maximize the throughput and minimize the end-to-end delay. In this respect, we propose a new medium access control protocol for a network of UAVs with directional antennas. We analyze the communication channel between the UAVs and the effect of aircraft attitude on the network performance. Using the optimized network engineering tool (OPNET), we compare our protocol with the IEEE 802.11 protocol for omnidirectional antennas. The simulation results show performance improvement in end-to-end delay as well as throughput.
Investigating the effect of the deep cryogenic heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of the 1.2080 tool steel

Deep cryogenic heat treatment is a supplementary process performed on a vast variety of materials, including tool steels, carburized steels, tungsten carbide, magnesium alloys, and polymers. This process improves the wear behavior and the working life of these materials. This study has investigated the effect of the deep cryogenic heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of the 1.2080 tool steel in different holding durations via the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear polarization test (TAFEL) in the environment of 3.5 wt. % NaCl aqueous solution. Results show that cryogenic heat treatment decreases the corrosion resistance of the tool steels as a consequence of increasing the carbide percentage as well as improving the carbide distribution. This phenomenon decreases the dissolved chromium atoms which are the major components in corrosion resistance of the tool steels. K e y w o r d s: 1.2080 tool steel, carbide distribution, corrosion resistance, deep cryogenic heat treatment
Fault Identification and Protection of Induction Motor using PLC and SCADA

Problems that arise with the working of an AC induction motor is common these days if left unmonitored. Here a protection system is implemented using which we monitor the working of an AC induction motor during normal conditions and trip conditions. If any problems become evident due to faults that normally happen in the motor like stator faults, rotor faults, bearing faults, eccentricity faults etc., we can either vary the input voltage and current to bring the motor back to normal condition or we can shut down the motor before damaging the stator and rotor components of the motor to point from which recovery is not possible, thus avoiding unexpected failure of the motor and preventing an entire industrial process from shutting down all of a sudden which can be dangerous to the people working in the vicinity and helps save unforeseen expenditure that may result from the above mentioned problems.
Statistical study of seismic heterogeneities at the base of the mantle from PKP differential traveltimes

SUMMARY Stochastic tomography can provide crucial information on the small-scale structures at the base of the mantle that are still beyond the reach of deterministic imaging. For this purpose, we relate differential traveltime variances of core phases to the correlation function of velocity heterogeneities at the base of the mantle. A global data set of PKP traveltimes is then used to invert for statistical properties of velocity perturbations in the D″ layer. We find that the average thickness of D″ is 350 ± 50 km with 1.2 ± 0.3 per cent rms velocity perturbations. The horizontal correlation length is 3°± 1° and the vertical correlation length 150 ± 75 km. The statistical analysis of the traveltimes of core phases reveals a much stronger energy at short wavelengths compared to global tomographic models, which is in good agreement with the results of most studies of the seismic wavefield scattered at the base of the mantle, based upon the analysis of PKP precursors.
NanTroSEIZE Stage 1 Expeditions: Introduction and Synthesis of Key Results

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions 314, 315, and 316 were carried out as a unified program of drilling collectively known as Stage 1 of the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment, a multistage complex drilling project. A transect of eight sites was selected for riserless drilling to target the frontal thrust region, midslope megasplay fault region, and Kumano forearc basin region. Two of these sites are preparatory pilot holes for planned deep riser drilling operations, whereas the others targeted fault zone material in the shallow, presumed aseismic zone. Expedition 314 was dedicated to in situ measurement of physical properties and borehole imaging through logging while drilling in holes dedicated to that purpose. Expedition 315 was devoted to core sampling and downhole temperature measurements at one site in the megasplay region and one site in the forearc basin. Expedition 316 targeted the frontal and out-of-sequence megasplay fault region in the mid-slope environment. Results on accretionary complex structure, lithology and age, physical properties, and state of stress, which are documented in full in the site chapters of this volume, are here synthesized across the expeditions.
Modelling the strength of relations in telecommunication social networks

Theoretical modelling and empirical studies on networks of various entities have been a subject of a large body of recent research. Methods from the network analysis are applied in such domains as epidemiology, city planning, marketing and social networks. A social network is a structure consisting of individuals and ties between these individuals. The research on this structure applies social network analysis, with a set of methods, to identify local and global patterns, recognise influential users and examine network dynamics. Based on the telecommunication data from the Call Detail Records (CDRs), a social network involves individuals (represented by phone numbers) connected by ties based on services used between these individuals. The paper focuses on the problem of modelling relations (ties) between the telecommunication users in a social network and proposes a method for measuring a strength of a social relation based on CDRs.
Revealing the sub-AU asymmetries of the inner dust rim in the disk around the Herbig Ae star R CrA ?

Context. Unveiling the structure of the disks around intermediate-mass pre-main-sequence stars (Herbig Ae/Be stars) is essential for our understanding of the star and planet formation process. In particular, models predict that in the innermost AU around the star, the dust disk forms a “puffed-up” inner rim, which should result in a strongly asymmetric brightness distribution for disks seen under intermediate inclination. Aims. Our aim is to constrain the sub-AU geometry of the inner disk around the Herbig Ae star R CrA and search for the predicted
Compétence et agentisme dans le jugement social

Il existe un consensus a propos de la structure bidimensionnelle du jugement social. Ces deux dimensions ont recu de nombreuses denominations, telle que agentisme-communalite ou competence-chaleur. Les concepts d’agentisme et de competence tels qu’ils existent dans la litterature sur le jugement social semblent pourtant renvoyer a des realites bien differentes et non a de simples denominations interchangeables d’une meme dimension. Un inventaire des traits utilises dans les courants agentisme-communalite et competence-chaleur confirme globalement ce constat. L’etude presentee dans cet article reprend les traits issus de cet inventaire et montre que l’agentisme et la competence tendent a emerger spontanement comme deux registres distincts dans la perception sociale. Cette distinction s’est notamment averee utile pour comprendre la perception du statut social. Nos donnees ont revele que les cibles de haut statut se distinguaient davantage des cibles de bas statut par leur agentisme que par leur competence. Par ailleurs, la dimension communalite/chaleur n’etait pas correlee a la competence alors qu’elle etait correlee negativement a l’agentisme. Ces resultats soulignent l’importance de tenir compte de la diversite des contenus renfermes dans chacune des dimensions du jugement.
Forming Factors And Builder Indicators Of Brand Personality Models In Traditional Retail Traders

This study aims to find the factors forming and indicator builder model of brand personality of traditional retail traders through measuring the influence of retail mix and culture. The formation of brand personality uses Aaker brand personality dimension to 250 consumers in Bengkalis Regency. The type of research is causal research design. The research variables are brand personality, Retail Mix and Brand Personality. Data collection is done by probability sampling with purposive method. Data analysis was done by perception analysis, frequency distribution and multiple regression using SPSS version 21.0. The results of this study are: The factor of retail mix partially has a positive and significant impact on the brand personality of traditional retail traders in Bengkalis Regency. Factor cultural partially does not affect the brand personality of traditional retail traders in Bengkalis Regency. Simultaneously, retail mix and cultural have positive and significant influence on traditional brand trader's brand personality in Bengkalis Regency. Initial forming factor of brand personality model of traditional retail traders in Bengkalis Regency is Retail Mix Factor. Indicator of the model of traditional trader's brand personality builder in Bengkalis are: sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, competence, ruggedness.
On numerical integration for effective stress assessment at notches

This paper presents a numerical method for non-local stress assessment by means of a general FE tool and the local stress field. Unlike usual calculations by means of a numerical PDE solver, a more general numerical integration is used. Different solutions are compared theoretically and numerically by evaluating the results obtained by two different FEM commercial software. The application of the non-local tension field is applied to the strength assessment of notches, welded joints and cracks.
The Reliability of Plasma Exosome Concentrations in Healthy Male Individuals

Exosomes are nanometer sized vesicles (30-100 nm), released from cells following the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Exosomes have a major role in intracellular communication, immune response modulation, physiological and pathological functions, and an important use in different drug therapies. Moreover, they have been identified as potential biomarkers and are involved in cancer and many other disease processes. Despite the developments in this area, no studies exist that assess the variability of plasma exosomes measures within and between subjects. The purpose of this study was to assess within and between day variability of plasma exosomes concentration in healthy individuals. Also, the stability of exosomes during freeze/thawing cycles was measured in this study. Eleven healthy men were assessed for reliability of exosome concentrations taken over the same sampling period, over 10 hours of a day and over five days. Exosomes were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by their size distribution and morphology by electron microscopy and using the Nanosight tracking analysis respectively. Mean plasma exosome values were1.505-2.245 × 10/mL). Within day variability was not significantly different (P = 0.95), and between day variability was not significantly different (P = 0.42). The interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.80 for within sample showed good reliability; ICC of 0.84 for between day plasma exosomes concentrations showed good reliability, and the within day ICC of 0.70 showed a moderate reliability. There was no significant difference observed in using fresh or frozen plasma in exosome quantification or exosome concentration. The statistics show that there is little significant variability in plasma exosome concentrations taken over a single sampling period, over a day or between days, which is vital for plasma exosome studies.