Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exercise hemorheology as a three acts play with metabolic actors: is it of clinical relevance?

Hemorheological effects of exercise are a triphasic phenomenon including: (a) short-term effects (hyperviscosity mostly due to fluid shifts and alterations of erythrocyte rigidity and aggregability); (b) middle-term effects (i.e., the reversal of acute effects due to plasma volume expansion (autohemodilution) that lowers both plasma viscosity and hematocrit; (c) long-term effects that further improve blood fluidity, parallel with the classical training-induced hormonal and metabolic alterations. Red cell rheology during these 3 stages is affected by white cells and oxidant stress. On the other hand, most metabolic and hormonal alterations play a role in exercise-induced hemorheological changes: among them, blood lactate appears to have opposite effects according to the training status, since it generally impairs erythrocyte fluidity while it improves it in some subgroups of highly trained athletes, a difference that could be related to membrane monocarboxylate transporter status. Body composition (mostly hydration status and the amount of fat mass) as well as its major hormonal regulating system (the growth-hormone-IGF-I axis) are both markedly modified by training and these modifications are correlated with hemorheology. Nutritional disturbances affecting caloric and proteic intake, lipids, iron, zinc, etc. also modulate the hemorheologic effects of exercise. The overtraining syndrome represents a situation of unbalance between body's possibilities, nutrition, and work load, and is associated with metabolic, hormonal, immunologic and hemorheologic disturbances. The clinical relevance of these data is underlined by studies showing that exercise training in patients suffering from metabolic and/or cardiovascular disorders (such as the insulin resistance syndrome) results in a parallel improvement of metabolism, risk factors, blood rheology and fitness. Hemorheological measurements require to be studied, at least as sensitive markers of training, and possibly as "true" risk factors highly sensitive to exercise intensification.
Email task management styles: the cleaners and the keepers

Email has become overloaded as users make use of email tools for performing a wide range of activities. Previous studies have demonstrated the different strategies employed by email users to manage messages. However, we have little information regarding how to explain those differences between users.The research described in this paper seeks to gain understanding of individual differences in email behaviour. We present results from a questionnaire-based study, which focused on how email users dealt with messages that relate to future tasks or events. We identified two types of user, defined by how they dealt with such messages: the cleaners and the keepers. The difference between these two groups can be attributed to differences in email experience and requirements for flexibility of closure. The ultimate goal of such research is to be able to predict differences in email use and to inform email user interface design and we discuss possible ways in which this could be done.
SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduces renal outcomes and dampens the progressive reduction in glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes and antecedents of cardiovascular disease

Commentary on: Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Lachin JM, et al. Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016;375:323–34. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are exposed to a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality. A multirisk approach has proven to reduce both major cardiovascular events and mortality.1 However, improved longevity may lead to a higher risk of developing other diabetic complications, among which chronic kidney disease represents a major burden. Inhibitors of renal sodium-glucose cotransporters type 2 (SGLT2) are oral glucose-lowering agents that promote glucosuria and dampen glucotoxicity, but also reduce body weight, arterial blood pressure and hyperuricaemia.2 By reducing these risk factors, SGLT2 inhibitors offer promise to reduce cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with T2D. EMPA-REG OUTCOME aimed at investigating the effects of empagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with T2D at high cardiovascular risk (secondary prevention) … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEngl%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D375%26rft.spage%253D323%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1515920%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F27299675%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1515920&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=27299675&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F22%2F2%2F69.atom
Promising Cell-Based Therapy for Bone Regeneration Using Stem Cells from Deciduous Teeth, Dental Pulp, and Bone Marrow

We attempted to regenerate bone in a significant osseous defect with various stem cells from deciduous teeth, extracted from puppies, and grafted them into a parent canine mandible as an allograft, parent dental pulp, and bone marrow by tissue engineering and regenerative medicine technology using platelet-rich plasma as an autologous scaffold and signal molecules. Initially, teeth were extracted from a child and parent hybrid canine mandible region and bone marrow (canine mesenchymal stem cells; cMSCs), and parent teeth (canine dental pulp stem cells; cDPSCs), and stem cells were extracted from deciduous teeth (puppy deciduous teeth stem cells; pDTSCs). After 4 weeks, bone defects were prepared on both sides of the mandible with a trephine bar. Graft materials were implanted into these defects: 1) control (defect only), 2) platelet-rich plasma (PRP), 3) cMSCs/PRP, 4) cDPSCs/PRP, and 5) pDTSCs/PRP to investigate the effect of stem cells. The newly formed bones were evaluated by histology and histomorphometric analysis in the defects at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. According to histological observations, the cMSCs/PRP, cDPSCs/PRP, and pDTSCs/PRP groups had well-formed mature bone and neovascularization compared with the control (defect only) and PRP groups at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, and the mineralized tissues in cMSCs/PRP, cDPSCs/PRP, and pDTSCs/PRP specimens were positive for osteocalcin at 8 weeks. Histometrically, newly formed bone areas were 19.0 ± 2.9% (control), 19.7 ± 6.0% (PRP), 52.8 ± 3.5% (cMSCs/PRP), 61.6 ± 1.3% (cDPSCs/PRP), and 54.7 ± 2.2% (pDTSCs/PRP) at 8 weeks. There were significant differences between cMSCs, cDPSCs, pDTSCs/PRP, and control and PRP groups. These results demonstrate that stem cells from deciduous teeth, dental pulp, and bone marrow with PRP have the ability to form bone, and bone formation with DTSCs might have the potential to generate a graft between a child and parent. This preclinical study could pave the way for stem cell therapy in orthopedics and oral maxillofacial reconstruction for clinical application.
The SpeB virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes, a multifunctional secreted and cell surface molecule with strepadhesin, laminin‐binding and cysteine protease activity

The interactions between pathogenic bacteria and the host need to be resolved at the molecular level in order to develop novel vaccines and drugs. We have previously identified strepadhesin, a novel glycoprotein‐binding activity in Streptococcus pyogenes, which is regulated by Mga, a regulator of streptococcal virulence factors. We have now identified the protein responsible for the strepadhesin activity and find that (i) strepadhesin activity is carried by SpeB, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin with cysteine protease activity; (ii) SpeB carries laminin‐binding activity of the bacteria; and (iii) SpeB is not only a secreted molecule but also occurs unexpectedly tightly bound to the bacterial cell surface. Thus, in contrast to the previous view of SpeB as mainly an extracellular protease, it is also present as a streptococcal surface molecule with binding activity to laminin and other glycoproteins.
Adipophilin increases triglyceride storage in human macrophages by stimulation of biosynthesis and inhibition of β‐oxidation

Lipid accumulation alters macrophage biology and contributes to lipid retention within the vessel wall. In this study, we investigated the role of adipophilin on triglyceride accumulation and lipid‐droplet formation in THP‐1‐derived macrophages (THP‐1 macrophages). In the presence of acetylated low‐density lipoprotein, macrophages infected with an adenovirus expressing human adipophilin showed a 31% increase in triglyceride content and a greater number of lipid droplets compared with control cells. Incubation of macrophages with very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) dramatically increased cellular triglyceride content similarly in control and adipophilin‐overexpressing cells. By itself, VLDL increased adipophilin expression, which explains the lack of effect of adipophilin overexpression on cellular triglyceride content in macrophages loaded with VLDL. The lipid‐droplet content of macrophages was increased by overexpression of adipophilin and/or loading with VLDL. In contrast, inhibition of adipophilin expression using siRNA prevented lipid‐droplet formation and significantly reduced intracellular triglyceride content. Using inhibitors of β‐oxidation and acyl‐coenzyme A synthetase, results were obtained which suggest that adipophilin elevates cellular lipids by inhibition of β‐oxidation and stimulation of long‐chain fatty acid incorporation into triglycerides. Adipophilin expression in THP‐1 macrophages altered the cellular content of different lipids and enhanced the size of lipid droplets, consistent with a role for adipophilin in human foam cell formation.
The Modulation by 5‐HT of Glutamatergic Inputs from the Raphe Pallidus to Rat Hypoglossal Motoneurones, in vitro

Decreases in the activity of 5‐HT‐containing caudal raphe neurones during sleep are thought to be partially responsible for the resultant disfacilitation of hypoglossal motoneurones. Whilst 5‐HT has a direct excitatory action on hypoglossal motoneurones as a result of activation of 5‐HT2 receptors, microinjection of 5‐HT2 antagonists into the hypoglossal nucleus reduces motor activity to a much lesser extent compared to the suppression observed during sleep suggesting other transmitters co‐localised in caudal raphe neurones may also be involved. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterise raphe pallidus inputs to hypoglossal motoneurones. Whole cell recordings were made from hypoglossal motoneurones in vitro. 5‐HT evoked a direct membrane depolarisation (8.45 ± 3.8 mV, P < 0.001) and increase in cell input resistance (53 ± 40 %, P < 0.001) which was blocked by the 5‐HT2 antagonist, ritanserin (2.40 ± 2.7 vs. 7.04 ± 4.6 mV). Stimulation within the raphe pallidus evoked a monosynaptic EPSC that was significantly reduced by the AMPA/kainateantagonist, NBQX (22.8 ± 16 % of control, P < 0.001). In contrast, the 5‐HT2 antagonist, ritanserin, had no effect on the amplitude of these EPSCs (106 ± 31 % of control, P= n.s.). 5‐HT reduced these EPSCs to 50.0 ± 13 % of control (P < 0.001), as did the 5‐HT1A agonist, 8‐OH‐DPAT (52.5 ± 17 %, P < 0.001) and the 5‐HT1B agonist, CP 93129 (40.6 ± 29 %, P < 0.01). 8‐OH‐DPAT and CP 93129 increased the paired pulse ratio (1.38 ± 0.27 to 1.91 ± 0.54, P < 0.05 & 1.27 ± 0.08 to 1.44 ± 0.13, P < 0.01 respectively) but had no effect on the postsynaptic glutamate response (99 ± 4.4 % and 100 ± 2.5 %, P= n.s.). They also increased the frequency (P < 0.001), but not the amplitude, of miniature glutamatergic EPSCs in hypoglossal motoneurones. These data demonstrate that raphe pallidus inputs to hypoglossal motoneurones are predominantly glutamatergic in nature, with 5‐HT decreasing the release of glutamate from these projections as a result of activation of 5‐HT1A and/or5‐HT1B receptors located on presynaptic terminals.
The Mixed Effects of Inconsistency on Experimentation in Organizations

This paper examines how the inconsistency of organizational conditions affects people's willingness to engage in experimentation, a behavior integral to innovation. Because failures are inevitable in the experimentation process, we argue that conditions giving rise to psychological safety reduce fear of failure and promote experimentation. Based on this reasoning, we suggest that inconsistent organizational conditions--when some support experimentation and others do not--inhibit experimentation behaviors. An exploratory study in the field, followed by a laboratory experiment, found that individuals under high evaluative pressure were less likely to experiment when normative values and instrumental rewards were inconsistent in supporting experimentation. In contrast, individuals under low evaluative pressure responded to inconsistent conditions with increased experimentation. Our results suggest that evaluative pressure fundamentally alters an individual's experience of and response to uncertainty and that understanding experimentation behavior requires examining effects of multiple organizational conditions in combination.
Vécu et attentes des patients douloureux chroniques en médecine générale : étude qualitative en Rhône-Alpes

La douleur chronique est un probleme de sante publique qui touche 7 millions de francais. Elle engendre des frais medicaux et une perte de productivite importante. La prise en charge est longue, complexe et insatisfaisante pour les patients. Nous avons effectue une etude qualitative sur le vecu de la douleur et de la prise en charge de patients douloureux depuis plus de 6 mois. Les donnees ont ete recueillies par des entretiens individuels semi diriges jusqu'a saturation des donnees. L'analyse a ete thematique, en double codage. Les temoignages d'un echantillon raisonne et diversifie de 18 patients ont ete enregistres. Le ressenti de la douleur et du handicap associe affectait la vie familiale, professionnelle et relationnelle. Une adaptation de la vie quotidienne etait necessaire. Les patients se sentaient isoles tant au niveau relationnel qu'administratif. Ils attendaient un savoir-faire technique mais aussi relationnel et de coordination de la part de leur medecin traitant. La prise en charge incluait frequemment un medecin specialiste et un kinesitherapeute mais aussi diverses medecines paralleles. Les patients cherchaient a se renseigner sur leur pathologie et quand le diagnostic etait pose, il a permis une meilleure acceptation de la douleur. Les traitements bien que parfois craints ou peu efficaces etaient juges necessaires. Pour les patients, les elements essentiels d'une bonne prise en charge etaient un examen clinique attentif, une ecoute empathique, une information adaptee, un role central du medecin traitant et une consideration de l'etat psychologique, de l'environnement familial et professionnel.
Postural control system influences intrinsic alerting state.

OBJECTIVE Numerous studies using dual-task paradigms (postural and cognitive) have shown that postural control requires cognitive resources. However, the influence of postural control on attention components has never been directly addressed. METHOD Using the attention network test (ANT), which assesses specifically each of the 3 components of attention-alertness, orientation, and executive control-within a single paradigm, we investigated the effect of postural balance demand on these 3 components. Forty-two participants completed the ANT in 3 postural conditions: (a) supine, a very stable position; (b) sitting on a chair, an intermediate position; and (c) standing with feet lined up heel to toe, a very instable position known as the Romberg position. RESULTS Our results revealed that the difficulty of postural control does modulate alerting in such a way that it improves with the level of instability of the position. Regarding the orienting and executive control components of attention, performance was not different when participants were standing upright or seated, whereas in the supine position, performance dropped. CONCLUSIONS The strong and specific interaction between postural control and the alerting system suggests that these mechanisms may share parts of the underlying neural circuits. We discuss the possible implication of the locus coeruleus, known to be involved in both postural balance and alerting. Also, our findings concerning orienting and executive control systems suggest that supine posture could have a specific effect on cognitive activities. These effects are discussed in terms of particularities resulting from the supine position.
Signaling Alterations in Activation-Induced Nonresponsive CD8 T Cells1

Costimulation-dependent production and autocrine use of IL-2 by activated CD8 T cells results in initial clonal expansion, but this is transient. The cells quickly become anergic, unable to produce IL-2 in response to Ag and costimulation, irrespective of the form of costimulation. This activation-induced non-responsiveness (AINR) differs from “classical” anergy in that it results despite the cells receiving both signal 1 and signal 2. AINR cells can still proliferate in response to exogenous IL-2, but can no longer produce it. Other TCR-mediated events including cytolytic function and IFN-γ production are not affected in the AINR state. To characterize the mechanism(s) responsible for lack of IL-2 production in CD8 T cells in the AINR state, microspheres bearing immobilized anti-TCR Abs or peptide-MHC complexes, B7-1, and ICAM-1 were used to provide well-defined stimuli to the cells. Comparison of normal and AINR cells revealed that in AINR cells extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is upregulated more transiently, Janus kinase activation is substantially reduced, and activation of p38 is eliminated. PMA and ionomycin restored proliferation and IL-2 production in AINR cells, indicating a signaling defect upstream of Ras and protein kinase C. Inhibitors of ERK (PD98059) and of p38 kinase (SB202190) blocked IL-2 mRNA expression and proliferation of both peptide-MHC/B7-1/ICAM-1-stimulated normal cells and PMA/ionomycin-stimulated AINR cells. Together these results demonstrate that activation of at least ERK and p38 is essential for IL-2 production by CD8 T cells and that up-regulation of these mitogen-activated protein kinases, along with Janus kinase, is defective in AINR cells.
[The application of decision tree in the research of anemia among rural children under 3-year-old].

OBJECTIVE To study the application of decision tree in the research of anemia among rural children. METHODS In the Enterprise Miner module of software SAS 8.2, 3000 observations were sampled from database and the decision tree model was built. The model using decision tree of CART bases on Gini impurity index. RESULTS The misclassification rate of decision tree model was, training set 21.2%, validation set 21.9%. The Root ASE of decision tree model was, training set 0.399, validation set 0.404. The area under the ROC curve was larger than the reference line. The diagnostic chart showed that the corresponding percentage was higher than the other. The decision tree model selected 9 important factors and ranked them by their power, among which mother of anemia (1.00) was the most important factor. Others were children's age (0.75), time of ablactation (0.53), mother's age (0.32), the time of egg supplementation (0.26), category of the project county (0.26), the time of milk supplementation (0.16), number of people in the family (0.13), the education status of the mother (0.12). Decision tree produced simple and easy rules that might be used to classify and predict in the same research. CONCLUSION Decision tree could screen out the important factors of anemia and identify the cutting-points for factors. With the wide application of decision tree, it would exhibit important application values in the research of the rural children health care.
Medical Concept Normalization for Online User-Generated Texts

Social media has become an important tool for sharing content in the last decade. People often talk about their experiences and opinions on different health-related issues e.g. they write reviews on medications, describe symptoms and ask informal questions about various health concerns. Due to the colloquial nature of the languages used in the social media, it is often difficult for an automated system to accurately interpret them for appropriate clinical understanding. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel approach for medical concept normalization of user-generated texts to map a health condition described in the colloquial language to a medical concept defined in standard clinical terminologies. We use multiple deep learning architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) with input word embeddings trained on various clinical domain-specific knowledge sources. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed models can achieve up to 21.28% accuracy improvements over the existing models when we use the combination of all knowledge sources to learn neural embeddings.
Aspekte der Reproduktionssteuerung bei Schaf und Ziege

Zusammenfassung Die Kontrolle der Reproduktion bei kleinen Wiederkäuern spielt unter betriebswirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten eine wichtige Rolle. Dabei kommt der Beeinflussung der Saisonalität, der Zyklussteuerung im Hinblick auf die terminierte Besamung und der Beeinflussung der Nachkommenzahl die größte Bedeutung zu. Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse ist, basierend auf den neuen Erkenntnissen in der Reproduktionsphysiologie, international übliche Methoden im Bereich der Steuerung der Saisonalität, des Zyklus und der Ovulationsrate bei kleinen Wiederkäuern zu erläutern und einen kurzen Überblick über verschiedene Aspekte der medikamentös oder durch biologische Effekte beeinflussten Fortpflanzung bei diesen Spezies zu geben. Methodisch finden exogene Gestagene zur Zyklusinduktion oder -synchronisation und/oder Prostaglan - dinanaloga zur Beeinflussung der Lebensspanne des Gelbkörpers in Kombination mit Gonadotropingaben international breite Anwendung, doch wird über variable Fruchtbarkeitsergebnisse berichtet. Mögliche Gründe hierfür liegen unter anderem in Störungen in der Follikelentwicklung, dem Ausbleiben der Befruchtung, Beeinträchtigungen des embryonalen Überlebens und der vorzeitigen Gelbkörperregression oder sind spezies- oder rassebedingt. Um eine hohe Fertilität auch bei terminierter Besamung zu erreichen, konzentrieren sich die Anstrengungen weltweit derzeit darauf, verkürzte Behandlungsprotokolle und geeignete Dosierungen zu erarbeiten, die eine verbesserte Synchronisierung der Brunst und Ovulation unter Berücksichtigung des in Wellen erfolgenden Follikelwachstums ermöglichen. Arzneimittelrechtliche Vorschriften erschweren in Deutschland den Einsatz der kontrollierten Reproduktionstechniken.
A New Method on Inshore Ship Detection in High-Resolution Satellite Images Using Shape and Context Information

In this letter, we present a new method to detect inshore ships using shape and context information. We first propose a new energy function based on an active contour model to segment water and land and minimize it with an iterative global optimization method. The proposed energy performs well on the different intensity distributions between water and land and produces a result that can be well used in shape and context analyses. In the segmented image, ships are detected with successive shape analysis, including shape analysis in the localization of ship head and region growing in computing the width and length of ship. Finally, to locate ships accurately and remove the false alarms, we unify them with a binary linear programming problem by utilizing the context information. Experiments on QuickBird images show the robustness and precision of our method.