Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A signalling relay involving Nodal and Delta ligands acts during secondary notochord induction in Ciona embryos

The notochord is one of the defining features of chordates. The ascidian notochord is a rod like structure consisting of a single row of 40 cells. The anterior 32 `primary' notochord cells arise from the A-line (anterior vegetal) blastomeres of the eight-cell stage embryo, whereas the posterior 8 `secondary' notochord cells arise from the B-line (posterior vegetal) blastomeres of the eight-cell stage embryo. Specification of notochord precursors within these two lineages occurs in a spatially and temporally distinct manner. We show that specification of the secondary but not the primary notochord in Ciona intestinalis requires a relay mechanism involving two signalling pathways. First, we show evidence that acquisition of secondary notochord fate is dependent upon lateral Nodal signalling sources, situated in the adjacent b-line animal cells. Expression of the notochord specific gene Ci-Brachyury in the secondary notochord precursor was downregulated following selective inhibition of Nodal signal reception in B-line derivatives and also, strikingly, following selective inhibition of Nodal signal reception in A-line cell derivatives. Within the A-line, Nodal signals are required for localised expression of Delta2, which encodes a divergent form of Delta ligand. Using four distinct reagents to inhibit Delta2/Notch signals, we showed that Delta2 signalling from A-line cells, which activates the Notch/Su(H) pathway in adjacent B-line cells, is required for specification of the secondary notochord precursor. We propose a model whereby laterally produced Nodal acts to specify the secondary notochord precursor both directly in the B-line cells and via Delta2 induction in adjacent A-line cells.
INTRODUCTION OF REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR PARTNERSHIP AND POSSIBLE CHANGES IN THE EDUCATIONAL CONTENT IN LATVIA

Taking into account the situation in the world – fast technological development and spreading of simplified mutual relationships (relationship liberalisation) – the following issues are becoming more topical: rights to respect for private life, housing, correspondence and “family life”, as well as compliance of family law with social reality, improvement of demographic situation, the necessity for sex education for children, therefore, constructive and cumulative actions from the side of legislators are required with an aim to modernise family law regulations in conformity to current needs of the society. It refers to both Latvia and other countries that have not yet adopted regulatory framework for the union outside marriage, i.e., partnership of opposite sex couples has not been regulated by law, thus, union outside marriage between opposite-sex individuals who establish a family has not been legally recognised. Moreover, the issue on legalisation of same-sex relationships within national legal provisions is even more debatable.
USAGE OF ASSOCIATION RULE MINING IN COURSE SELECTION FOR INDUSTRIAL TRAININGS

This paper focuses on usefulness of Association Rule Mining in Education and Councelling.Knowledge extracted using ARM will be helpful in decision making for students to determine courses chosen for industrial trainings. In this paper, we are deriving preferable courses for pursuing trainings for students based on course combinations. Here, two measures are used for deciding the usefulness of an association rule i.e. support and confidence and only those rules are selected which satisfy both a minimum support and a minimum confidence threshold.
LetSum , an Automatic Text Summarization system in Law field

This paper presents our work on the development of a new methodology for automatic summarization of justice decision. We describe LetSum (Legal text Summarizer), a prototype system, which determines the thematic structure of a judgment in four themes Introduction, Context, Juridical Analysis and Conclusion. Then it identifies the relevant sentences for each theme. We have carried our an evaluation of produced summaries with statistical method and also human evaluation based on jurist judgment. The results so far indicate good performance of the system when compared with other summarization technologies.
Cholinergic Inputs from Basal Forebrain Add an Excitatory Bias to Odor Coding in the Olfactory Bulb

Cholinergic modulation of central circuits is associated with active sensation, attention, and learning, yet the neural circuits and temporal dynamics underlying cholinergic effects on sensory processing remain unclear. Understanding the effects of cholinergic modulation on particular circuits is complicated by the widespread projections of cholinergic neurons to telencephalic structures that themselves are highly interconnected. Here we examined how cholinergic projections from basal forebrain to the olfactory bulb (OB) modulate output from the first stage of sensory processing in the mouse olfactory system. By optogenetically activating their axons directly in the OB, we found that cholinergic projections from basal forebrain regulate OB output by increasing the spike output of presumptive mitral/tufted cells. Cholinergic stimulation increased mitral/tufted cell spiking in the absence of inhalation-driven sensory input and further increased spiking responses to inhalation of odorless air and to odorants. This modulation was rapid and transient, was dependent on local cholinergic signaling in the OB, and differed from modulation by optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain, which led to a mixture of mitral/tufted cell excitation and suppression. Finally, bulbar cholinergic enhancement of mitral/tufted cell odorant responses was robust and occurred independent of the strength or even polarity of the odorant-evoked response, indicating that cholinergic modulation adds an excitatory bias to mitral/tufted cells as opposed to increasing response gain or sharpening response spectra. These results are consistent with a role for the basal forebrain cholinergic system in dynamically regulating the sensitivity to or salience of odors during active sensing of the olfactory environment.
Notice of RetractionCorrespondence Analysis in Patterns and Resources of International Science and Technology Cooperation between Universities

This paper studies the relationship between cooperation patterns and resources of university in international science and technology cooperation and exchanges based on correspondence analysis method, makes assessment and judgment about pattern selection of international science and technology cooperation between universities in terms of human resources, technology level, financial resources, analyzes the gains or losses of international science and technology cooperation in primary patterns and advanced patterns, explores the existing problems and trends of international science and technology cooperation between universities, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
Discrepancies between registration and publication of randomised controlled trials: an observational study

Summary Objectives To determine the consistency between information contained in the registration and publication of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Design An observational study of RCTs published between May 2011 and May 2012 in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) comparing registry data with publication data. Participants and Settings Data extracted from published RCTs in BMJ and JAMA. Main outcome measures Timing of trial registration in relation to completion of trial data collection and publication. Registered versus published primary and secondary outcomes, sample size. Results We identified 40 RCTs in BMJ and 36 in JAMA. All 36 JAMA trials and 39 (98%) BMJ trials were registered. All registered trials were registered prior to publication. Thirty-two (82%) BMJ trials recorded the date of data completion; of these, in two trials the date of trial registration postdated the registered date of data completion. There were discrepancies between primary outcomes declared in the trial registry information and in the published paper in 18 (47%) BMJ papers and seven (19%) JAMA papers. The original sample size stated in the trial registration was achieved in 24 (60%) BMJ papers and 21 (58%) JAMA papers. Conclusions Compulsory registration of RCTs is meaningless if the content of registry information is not complete or if discrepancies between registration and publication are not reported. This study demonstrates that discrepancies in primary and secondary outcomes and sample size between trial registration and publication remain commonplace, giving further strength to the World Health Organisation’s argument for mandatory completion of a minimum number of compulsory fields.
Pensions in Asia : incentives, compliance and their role in retirement

The compulsory occupational pension and insurance system, along with personal savings and family supports, form the backbone of social security in Taiwan. Due to the relatively low contribution ratio, public sector pensions, as well as private sector pensions, are seriously under-funded, and this will lay enormous pressure on future government budgets if reforms are not implemented soon. The new Labor Pension Bill will make drastic policy shifts from defined benefit to defined contribution, from non-portable to portable, and finally from government management of funds to partial
Production of motile acrosome‐reacted mouse sperm with nanomolar concentration of calcium ionophore A23187

A method to generate a population of motile, acrosome‐reacted mouse sperm is described. Sperm retrieved from the cauda epididymis and vas deferens were first capacited in a 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) containing medium. Sperm were then resuspended in medium with low BSA content (0.01%) and treated with 30 nM of the calcium ionophore, A23187, which was added as a singel dose of 30 nM for 15 min at 37°C; or three sequential 10 nM doses over three 5 min intervals. Approximately 55–60% of the treated sperm population became acrosome reacted. The motility of the treated sperm sample was 40–65%, slightly lower than that of the control sperm, following addition of medium containing 3% BSA, This is in contrast to the <10% motility observed for capacitated mouse sperm treated with 10 μM A23187, a concentration that had been used by other investigators to induce the acrosome reaction. The ultrastructure of the 30 nM A23187‐induced acrosome‐reacted sperm ws similar to that of the acrosome‐reacted sperm induced by solubilized zonae pellucidae. These motile, acrosome‐reacted sperm were able to penetrate zone‐free mouse eggs at a higher rate than the control sperm. Thus this method of treatment will be useful for further physiological experimentation with acrosome‐reacted sperm. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of human polyomavirus JC virus load in urine and blood samples of healthy tribal populations of North-Eastern part of West Bengal, India

Background: Human polyomavirus JC (JCV) is a widespread human virus with profound pathogenic potential. A study was undertaken to quantify JCV load in urine and peripheral blood samples of immunocompetent, apparently healthy tribal individuals of North-Eastern part of West Bengal, India for the first time. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirteen samples of urine or blood were collected from different tribal groups of this region. For the quantitative estimation of the viral load in each sample, real-time polymerase chain reaction method using the SYBR Green dye was employed. Results: The viral load estimated was found in the range between 3.5 × 102 and 2.12 × 106 copies/ml of samples having a mean and median viral copy numbers of 8.67 × 105 and 9.19 × 105 copies/ml of sample respectively. Conclusion: The mean viral DNA load in urine samples of the studied immunocompetent population was found to be higher than that found in a study conducted in the USA, but lower than similar groups of Italy and healthy adult women in the USA. However when compared with median values of viral DNA loads in urine samples of immunocompetent human subjects of Kuwait, Portugal, and Switzerland the observed viral DNA load was found to be substantially higher.
SRS-based user proximity detection in LTE small cells

Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) consist of two layers of base stations: a coverage layer that consists of conventional macro base stations and a capacity layer of low-power base stations, variously called small, pico etc. To maximize spectrum reuse in the capacity layer, dense small cell deployment is necessary. However, with a large number of small cells, user's battery consumption increases due to the increased number of measurements to be performed in order to achieve high offloading gain. In addition, small cells also need to transmit reference signals which consumes power and also contributes to interference in the macro-cell. These problems can be mitigated by network-based user detection algorithms and user-based small cell discovery algorithms. In this paper, we propose an efficient network-based user proximity detection method that determines a user's presence by listening to its uplink transmissions like Sounding Reference Signals (SRS) transmissions, or Physical Random Access CHannel (PRACH) transmissions that are used for random access. This can be used to take handover decisions as well as to control the ON-OFF periods of the small cell.
Progressive accumulation of amyloid‐β oligomers in Alzheimer’s disease and in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice is accompanied by selective alterations in synaptic scaffold proteins

The cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease is closely associated with synaptic loss in the neocortex and limbic system. Although the neurotoxic effects of aggregated amyloid‐β oligomers in Alzheimer’s disease have been studied extensively in experimental models, less is known about the characteristics of these aggregates across the spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, postmortem frontal cortex samples from controls and patients with Alzheimer’s disease were fractionated and analyzed for levels of oligomers and synaptic proteins. We found that the levels of oligomers correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment (blessed information‐memory‐concentration score and mini‐mental state examination) and with the loss of synaptic markers. Reduced levels of the synaptic vesicle protein, vesicle‐associated membrane protein‐2, and the postsynaptic protein, postsynaptic density‐95, correlated with the levels of oligomers in the various fractions analyzed. The strongest associations were found with amyloid‐β dimers and pentamers. Co‐immunoprecipitation and double‐labeling experiments supported the possibility that amyloid‐β and postsynaptic density‐95 interact at synaptic sites. Similarly, in transgenic mice expressing high levels of neuronal amyloid precursor protein, amyloid‐β co‐immunoprecipitated with postsynaptic density‐95. This was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of the postsynaptic proteins Shank1 and Shank3 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and in the brains of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that the presence of a subpopulation of amyloid‐β oligomers in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease might be related to alterations in selected synaptic proteins and cognitive impairment.
Sociocultural aspects of developing small-scale fisheries : delivering services to the poor

The purpose of this paper is neither to advocate nor condemn fishermen's cooperative organizations. As will be seen in the report, there are sufficient individuals and organizations that take one of these two extreme positions. This report, rather, is a response to the following, well-established facts: (1) many developing countries mandate the use of fishermen's cooperatives in small-scale fishery development; (2) some development agencies advocate the use of fishermen's cooperatives; (3) there have been numerous failures, as well as successes, of fishermen's cooperatives. These facts, which are elaborated in the body of the paper, suggest that there is a need for an objective examination of the cooperative in the context of small-scale fisheries development programs. It is hoped that such an examination can lead to more rational evaluation of this widespread organizational form.
Coexpression of Brn‐3a POU protein with p53 in a population of neuronal progenitor cells is associated with differentiation and protection against apoptosis

The Brn‐3a transcription factor is critical for survival and differentiation of sensory neurons derived from neural crest cells (NCC). Interaction of Brn‐3a with p53 results in differential effects on target gene expression, which profoundly affects fate of neuronal cells. Here we demonstrate colocalization of p53 in a subset of Brn‐3a‐positive NCC‐derived cells fated for the sensory neuronal lineage. The distinct morphology of Brn‐3a/p53‐coexpressing cells suggested a differentiated neuronal cell type, and this was confirmed by colocalization of p53 with differentiation marker NF‐160. Functional effects of Brn‐3a/p53 coexpression were analyzed in NCC cultured from Brn‐3a −/− embryos, which showed significantly increased apoptosis upon induction of p53 compared with wild‐type NCC, suggesting that Brn‐3a modulates the p53‐mediated fate of NCC that coexpress both factors. Thus, p53 is expressed in neuronal cells undergoing differentiation as well as apoptosis. Interaction with Brn‐3a in sensory neurons may be critical for modulating p53‐mediated gene expression and hence cell fate. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Target‐directed screening of the bioactive compounds specifically binding to β2‐adrenoceptor in Semen brassicae by high‐performance affinity chromatography

The bioactive ingredients in Semen sinapis were rapidly screened by immobilized β2‐adrenoceptor (β2‐AR) and target‐directed molecular docking. The methods involved the attachment of β2‐AR using any amino group in the receptor, the simultaneous separation and identification of the retention compounds by high‐performance affinity chromatography; the binding mechanism of the interesting compound to the receptor was investigated by zonal elution and molecular docking. Sinapine in Semen sinapis was proved to be the bioactive compound that specifically binds to the immobilized receptor. The association constant of sinapine to β2‐AR was determined to be 1.36 × 105 M−1 with a value of 1.27 × 10−6 M for the number of binding sites. Ionic bond was believed to be the driving force during the interaction between sinapine and β2‐AR. It is possible to become a powerful alternative for rapid screening of bioactive compounds from a complex matrix such as traditional Chinese medicine and further investigation on the drug–receptor interaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Investigation of University Students' On-Line Shopping Behavior

A recent survey of e-marketers found that although university students comprise 25% to 30% of all web users, they are the most elusive target group to market. To add to research focusing on the on-line shopping behavior of these students, an empirical study was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between university students computing behavior and their intentions to shop on-line. Survey data was collected on five independent variables associated with computer experience, on-line behavior and shopping preferences. Findings indicate that students computing profile is a good predictor of their intention to shop on-line. Marketers concerned with on-line shopping may see their best results when targeting these students. This paper provides limited experimental evidence to help marketers target and keep their economically invaluable customers. It is also the first article to study university students online shopping behavior specifically.
Transposition of IS91 does not generate a target duplication

We determined the DNA sequences surrounding the junctions of IS91 in two insertion derivatives: pSU234 (pACYC184::IS91) and pSU240 (pBR322::IS91). The termini of IS91 consist of two imperfect inverted repeats eight base pairs long. Their sequence is 5'-TCGAGTAGG. CCTATCGA-3'. Insertion of IS91 did not generate direct repetitions in the target DNAs.
Rodents as sentinels for the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus.

INTRODUCTION Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes one of the most important flavivirus infections of the central nervous system, affecting humans in Europe and Asia. It is mainly transmitted by the bite of an infected tick and circulates among them and their vertebrate hosts. Until now, TBE risk analysis in Germany has been based on the incidence of human cases. Because of an increasing vaccination rate, this approach might be misleading, especially in regions of low virus circulation. METHOD To test the suitability of rodents as a surrogate marker for virus spread, laboratory-bred Microtus arvalis voles were experimentally infected with TBEV and analyzed over a period of 100 days by real-time (RT)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Further, the prevalence of TBEV in rodents trapped in Brandenburg, a rural federal state in northeastern Germany with autochthonous TBE cases, was determined and compared with that in rodents from German TBE risk areas as well as TBE nonrisk areas. RESULTS In experimentally infected M. arvalis voles, TBEV was detectable in different organs for at least 3 months and in blood for 1 month. Ten percent of all rodents investigated were positive for TBEV. However, in TBE risk areas, the infection rate was higher compared with that of areas with only single human cases or of nonrisk areas. TBEV was detected in six rodent species: Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus agrestis, Microtus arvalis, and Myodes glareolus. M. glareolus showed a high infection rate in all areas investigated. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The infection experiments proved that TBEV can be reliably detected in infected M. arvalis voles. These voles developed a persistent TBE infection without clinical symptoms. Further, the study showed that rodents, especially M. glareolus, are promising sentinels particularly in areas of low TBEV circulation.
Blood donation and life saver-blood donation app

“Blood” one of the most important necessity of our life. The numbers of blood donor is very less when compared with other countries. In our project we propose a new and efficient way to overcome such outline. Such as just touch the button donor will be ask to enter an individual's details like name, phone number, age, weight, date of birth, blood group, address etc. At the emergency time of blood needed we can check for blood donor nearby by using GPS. Once the app user enter the blood group which he/she needed it will automatically show the donor nearby and send an alert message to the donor. In case if the first donor is not available it will automatically search the next donor which is present in queue. If the donor accept the request then an one time password (OTP) will be send to the donor to verify. Blood donation app provider list of donor in your city/area. Once the donor donate the blood it will automatically remove the donor detail for next three months.
Buyer Subsidies in Two-Sided Markets: Evidence from Online Travel Agents

Abstract Platforms in two-sided markets are known to provide subsidies to either buyers or sellers, in order to take advantage of cross-group externalities inherent in such industries. Online travel agents can be thought of as platforms facilitating trade between passengers and travel service providers (airlines). This chapter evaluates the effects of a buyer subsidy provided by one major US online travel agent – a low-price guarantee offered by Orbitz. We find evidence consistent with increased airline participation with this travel agent upon implementation of the low-price guarantee policy. Our results also confirm the theoretical claims that most-favored customer low-price guarantee policies are procompetitive.