Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The study of the interconnection of GSM mobile communication system over IP based network

We propose a protocol to interconnect the GSM mobile communication networks and PSTN through an IP based backbone. The basic functions of mobile communication, such as call setup, call recovery, and handover, together with further applications such as conference calls, are taken into account. Not only the establishment and closing of a conference call are discussed, but also the recovery procedures due to the failure of handover are also considered. Different feasible interconnection types are also studied. There are several possible connecting topologies, and they can be divided into two categories: (1) MSCs (mobile switching centres) of the same operator are connected in traditional architecture-only the GMSCs (gateway MSCs) of different operators are connected via the IP network; (2) all MSCs are linked through the IP network. We have studied the mechanisms suitable for the above connections.
Toward automated verification of software specifications with numeric constraints

Model checking is a promising technique for automated verification and validation in the early stage of safety critical software development. Nevertheless, the routine use of the technique in practice has not been possible mainly because of the lack of tool support that integrates the technique into the engineering process and the limitation of the technique to relatively small scale finite state systems. In particular, model checking techniques have not been effective in important classes of software systems—systems characterized by large (or infinite) input domains with interrelated constraints over the system variables. Various process is manual and requires a great deal of ingenuity, or (2) the require special purpose model checkers. data values that subsume all possible system behaviors. The technique is more generally applicable than previously proposed techniques in the sense that it is independent of specific model checking techniques, and thus, can naturally blend into the verification process regardless of which tools are being used. Applications of a prototype implementation of the technique show its promise in practice.
MACS-TumbleCam - A Novel Approach for Aerial Oblique Imaging

The ATISS measurement drone, developed at the University of Applied Sciences Wildau, is an electrical powered autonomous motor glider with a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg including a payload capacity of up to 10 kg. Two engines enable ultra short take-off procedures and the motor glider design results in a 1 h endurance. The concept of ATISS is based on the idea to strictly separate between aircraft and payload functions, which makes it a very flexible research platform for miscellaneous applications. In a project together with German Aerospace Center (DLR) this carrier was used for demonstrating a novel approach in high-resolution digital terrain modelling. A lightweight, 3D-capable photogrammetric camera called MACS-TumbleCam was developed at the DLR Berlin especially for the ATISS payload concept. The unique feature of this camera system isthe special combination of two synchronized digital cameras with an adjustable relative alignment. One camera head is oriented in a fixed nadir position while the other one can be driven to variable oblique orientations by a robotic actuator. Thus it is possible to take images from very different view directions for almost every object on the ground. Due to a parametric boresight calibration a lowcost inertial orientation system can be used. The evaluation of the first test flights shows features of the system, i.e. derived high-precision 3Dmodels of urban structures with 3 cm ground pixel resolution and high-resolution facade textures.
MAC Protocol Design for Parallel Link Rendezvous in Ad Hoc Cognitive Radio Networks

The most significant challenge for next wireless generation is to work opportunistically on the spectrum without a fixed spectrum allocation. Cognitive Radio (CR) is the candidate technology to utilize spectrum white space, which requires the CR to change its operating channel as the white space moves. In a CR ad-hoc network, each node could tune to a different channel; as a result, it cannot communicate with other nodes. This different tuning is due to the difficulty of maintaining Common Control Channel (CCC) in opportunistic spectrum network, and keeping the nodes synchronized in ad-hoc network. The CR ad-hoc network requires a protocol to match tuning channels between ad-hoc nodes, namely, rendezvous channels. In this thesis, two distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols are designed that provide proper rendezvous channel without CCC or synchronization. The Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) is used in both protocols to provide our protocols a method of rendezvous between CR ad-hoc nodes. In fact, the BIBD guarantees there is at least one common element between any two blocks. If the channels are assigned to the BIBD elements and the searching sequence to the BIBD block, there is a guarantee of a rendezvous at least in one channel for each searching sequence. The first protocol uses a single-BIBD sequence and a multi-channel sensing. Alternatively, the second protocol uses a multi-BIBD sequence and a single-channel sensing. The single-sequence protocol analysis is based on the discrete Markov Chain. At the same time, the sequence structure of the BIBD in a multi-sequence protocol is used to define the Maximum Time to Rendezvous (MTTR). The simulation results confirm that the protocols outperform other existing protocols with respect to Time to Rendezvous (TTR), channel utilization, and network throughput. In addition, both protocols fairly iii distribute the network load on channels, and share the channels fairly among network nodes. This thesis provides straight forward and efficiently distributed MAC protocols for the CR ad-hoc networks.
MAS - an interactive synthesizer to support behavioral modeling in UML

The Minimally Adequate Synthesizer (MAS) is an interactive algorithm that synthesizes UML statechart diagrams from sequence diagrams. It follows D. Angluin's (1987) framework of a minimally adequate teacher to infer the desired statechart diagram by consulting the user. To minimize the number of consultations needed, MAS keeps track of the interaction with the user. Together with its general knowledge about sequence diagrams, this makes MAS operate mostly without the user's help, but allowing him to guide the process at critical points. In this paper, we discuss the MAS algorithm and its practical implementation, integrated with a real-world UML modeling tool, the Nokia TDE ("The Design Environment"). Moreover, we discuss the interaction between the algorithm and the user as a medium for improving the algorithm and for further reducing the number of user consultations needed. Furthermore, we show how MAS can be used to incrementally synthesize sequence diagrams into an edited or a manually constructed statechart diagram. Totally automatic synthesis algorithms may result in a state machine that contains undesired generalizations. Because MAS consults the user during the synthesis process, the user can be confident that such generalizations do not appear in the resulting statechart diagram.
Combining CCG Parsing and DL for Chinese Question Answering

This paper presents a novel Web Question Answering(WQA) approach based on the combination of Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), Description Logic (DL) ontology and Web Service (WS), in order to promote semantic-level accuracy through deep text understanding and improve the solutions for non-WH questions. Our framework transforms a question answering problem into a service planning problem for which HTN planner-SHOP2 is used. It addresses transition from natural language to semantic expression and dynamical composition of web services via planning, and execution of the web services planning. We propose to take DL based semantic modeling, i.e., translating lambda-expression encoding of question meaning into DL based semantic representations. The advantage of such approach is a seamless exploitation of existing semantic resource coded as DL ontology, which is widespread in such areas as Semantic Web and conceptual modeling. The experiments are conducted with a repository of complex Chinese questions which involves the satisfaction of some object property restrictions. The experimental results show that producing the semantic representations with the combination of CCG parsing and DL reasoning is an effective approach for question understanding at semantic level, in terms of both understanding accuracy promotion and semantic resource exploitation.
On achievable performance over spatial diversity fading channels

Spatial diversity on the transmitter or the receiver side has been traditionally used to combat multipath fading. Previous results indicate significant gains in using multiple transmitter and receiver antenna diversities. By deriving the mutual information and cut-off rate we characterize the gains on these channels. We show that gains linear in the number of antennas can be achieved either when the SNR or the number of antennas becomes large.
Design methodology and optimization strategy for dual-V/sub TH/ scheme using commercially available tools

Design methodology for dual-V/sub TH/ scheme using commercially available tools is presented and optimization strategy for the dual-V/sub TH/ scheme is discussed. In order to suppress the power consumption, it is shown that using library cells that have various combinations of V/sub TH/'s is not needed. The cell library, which contains logic gates with all high V/sub TH/ transistors and all low VTH transistors, is sufficient to reduce leakage power. 0.1 V is shown to be the optimum value for V/sub TH/ difference between V/sub TH,HIGH/ and V/sub TH,LOW/ in terms of power reduction.
Modeling and analysis of differential signaling for minimizing inductive crosstalk

Many physical synthesis tools interdigitate signal and power lines to reduce crosstalk, and thus, improve signal integrity and timing predictability. Such approaches are extremely effective at reducing crosstalk at circuit speeds where inductive effects are inconsequential. In this paper, we use a detailed distributed RLC model to show that inductive crosstalk effects are substantial in long buses associated with 0.18 micron technology. Simulation experiments are then used to demonstrate that crosstalk in such high speed technologies is much better controlled by re-deploying interdigitated power lines to perform differential signaling.
Per tone equalization for DMT-based transmission over IIR channels

Recently, an alternative receiver structure was presented for discrete multitone (DMT)-based systems. The traditional structure consisting of a (real) time domain equalizer (TEQ) with a (complex) 1-tap frequency domain equalizer (FEQ) per tone is modified into a structure with a (complex) multitap FEQ per tone. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each individual tone is maximized, hence the term "per tone equalization". Here, we derive an equalization scheme for DMT-based systems in an alternative way. We start from the assumption that the transmission channel to equalize has an infinite impulse response (IIR) or pole-zero model. We conclude that, under certain numerator and denominator conditions, the per tone equalizer is a close approximation of the optimal minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer. In case the numerator order condition is not fulfilled, we propose a low-complexity generalization of the per tone equalizer. This generalization is based on a suboptimal MMSE criterion and exploits transmit redundancy introduced by means of pilot and/or unused tones. We evaluate the performance of the new, generalized per tone equalizer in an ADSL context. The principles are applicable to OFDM as well.
Emotional robot for intelligent system-artificial emotional creature project

Recent advances in robotics have been applied to automation in industrial manufacturing, with the primary purpose of optimizing practical systems in terms of such objective measures as accuracy, speed, and cost. This paper introduces the artificial emotional creature project that seeks to explore a different direction that is not so rigidly dependent an such objective measures. The goal of this project is to explore a new area in robotics, with an emphasis on human-robot interaction. There is a large body of evidence that shows the importance of the interaction between humans and animals such as pets. We have been building a pet robot. As an implementation of an artificial emotional creature, with the subjective appearance of "behaviors" that ape dependent on internal states, or "emotions", as well as external stimuli from both the physical environment and human beings. Human-robot interaction plays a large role, with mutual benefits. The pet robot has visual, audio, and tactile sensors. Olfactory sensors will also be available. The paper describes an algorithm implementing a focus of attention through the integration of those sensors. In particular, simple sound localization will be developed by the robot through the integration of vision and audition, using the interaction of a human being with the robot as the training reference.
A simple stereo algorithm to recover precise object boundaries and smooth surfaces

In area-based stereo matching, there is a problem called "boundary overreach", i.e. the recovered object boundary turns out to be wrongly located away from the real one. This is especially harmful to segmenting objects using depth information. A few approaches have been proposed to solve this problem. However, these techniques tend to degrade on smooth surfaces. That is, there seems to be a trade-off problem between recovering precise object edges and obtaining smooth surfaces. In this paper, we propose a new simple method to solve this problem. Using multiple stereo pairs and multiple windowing, our method detects the region where the boundary overreach is likely to occur (let us call it "BO region") and adopts appropriate methods for the BO and non-BO regions. Although the proposed method is quite simple, the experimental results have shown that it is very effective at recovering both sharp object edges at their correct locations and smooth object surfaces.
Sistemas estaduais de avaliação: uso dos resultados, implicações e tendências

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa que analisa sistemas de avaliacao implementados por cinco unidades federadas (Bahia, Ceara, Minas Gerais, Parana e Sao Paulo), considerando as caracteristicas vigentes em 2005-2007. Tendo como referencia suas especificidades, busca-se explorar como os resultados produzidos vem informando a formulacao e implementacao de politicas educacionais, bem como discutir seu potencial para tornar-se um marco da politica educacional que efetivamente interfere na gestao das redes de ensino e das escolas. Observou-se que os sistemas tendem a apresentar caracteristicas semelhantes e tomam como principal referencia o Sistema de Avaliacao da Educacao Basica, de âmbito nacional. Quanto ao uso dos resultados, sao tenues ou inexistentes seus impactos ainda que precedidos, na fala de seus propositores, de ampla retorica presente na literatura sobre suas potencialidades. No entanto, a partir do balanco feito pelos proprios gestores dos sistemas, e possivel identificar a preocupacao de tornar tais sistemas mais efetivos. Assim, ja neste estudo, identificam-se iniciativas que procuram transformar a utilizacao dos dados obtidos em instrumentos de gestao, como as que propoem bonus para professores e funcionarios.
Lead iodide platelets: correlation between surface, optical and electrical properties with X and /spl gamma/ ray spectrometric performance

Lead iodide platelets grown by Physical Vapor Deposition were characterized by several properties related to spectrometric performance. Platelets were grown from both synthesized lead iodide without purification and then purified by repeated evaporation. The growth was performed by heating the starting material at vacuum (10/sup -5/ mmHg) or in high purity Ar atmosphere (500 mmHg) at temperatures from 390 to 430/spl deg/C, during 5 to 20 days. Platelets grew at 200-250/spl deg/C and perpendicular to the ampoule wall. Platelet size is up to 13/spl times/8 mm/sup 2/ and their thickness is from 50 to 100 /spl mu/m. Crystals were characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and low temperature photoluminescence. These characterizations showed that platelets have an exceptional transparence, that they grew from hexagonal grains and that their surface has a mean roughness of 4.6 nm. Low temperature photoluminescence was performed: peak position and broadness confirmed the high purity of the starting material and bands confirmed strong components from free and bonded excitons and low superficial imperfections ((Iex/Iimp)=6). Electrical properties were measured by fabricating radiation detectors with front palladium thermal deposition contacts and acrylic encapsulation. Resistivities of about 5/spl times/10/sup 13/ /spl Omega/. cm and current densities of 50 pA/cm/sup 2/ (10 V) were obtained. X-ray spectroscopy was performed with lead iodide detectors and an energy resolution of 1.2 keV was achieved for /sup 241/Am 18 keV radiation. Correlation between optical and surface properties and electrical parameters and detector performance are presented. Also, the different results were compared with previous ones for crystals grown by other methods and with alternative materials.
An adapted fan volume sampling scheme for 3D algebraic reconstruction in linear tomosynthesis

We study the reconstruction process when the X-ray source translates along a finite straight line, the detector moving or not. This process called linear tomosynthesis induces a limited angle of view which causes the vertical spatial resolution to be poor. To improve this resolution we use iterative algebraic reconstruction methods which are commonly used for tomographic reconstruction from a few number of projections. With noisy projections, such algorithms produce poor quality reconstructions. To prevent this, we use a first object prior knowledge consisting in piecewise smoothness. To reduce the computation time associated with both reconstruction and regularization processes, we introduce a second geometrical prior knowledge based on the linear trajectory of the X-ray source. This linear source trajectory allows us to reconstruct a series of 2D planes in a fan organization of the volume. Using this Adapted Fan Volume Sampling Scheme, we reduce the computation time by transforming the initial 3D problem into a series of 2D problems. Obviously the algorithm becomes directly parallelizable. Focusing on a particular region of interest becomes easier too. The regularization process can easily be implemented with this scheme. We test the algorithm using experimental projections. Quality of the reconstructed object is conserved while the computation time is considerably reduced even without any parallelization of the algorithm.
Comparison of the sensitivity to heavy ions of 0.25 /spl mu/m bulk and SOI technologies

The sensitivity to heavy ions of non-hardened 0.25 /spl mu/m Partially Depleted (PD) SOI and bulk technologies is studied with experiments, device and circuit simulations. Comparable threshold LET are found for both technologies. Nevertheless, SOI saturated cross section is much lower than bulk one. For non-hardened technologies, SOI is then less sensitive than bulk to heavy ions.
Estimation of standby leakage power in CMOS circuit considering accurate modeling of transistor stacks

Low supply voltage requires the device threshold to be reduced in order to maintain performance. Due to the exponential relationship between leakage current and threshold voltage in the weak inversion region, leakage power can no longer be ignored. In this paper we present a technique to accurately estimate leakage power by accurately modeling the leakage current in transistor stacks. The standby leakage current model has been verified by HSPICE. We demonstrate that the dependence of leakage power on primary input combinations can be accounted for by this model. Based on our analysis we can determine good bounds for leakage power in the standby mode. As a by-product-of this analysis, we can also determine the set of input vectors which can put the circuits in the low-power standby mode. Results on a large number of benchmarks indicate that proper input selection can reduce the standby leakage power by more than 50% for some circuits.
Wavelet Kernel Principal Component Analysis in Noisy Multiscale Data Classification

We introduce multiscale wavelet kernels to kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) to narrow down the search of parameters required in the calculation of a kernel matrix. This new methodology incorporates multiscale methods into KPCA for transforming multiscale data. In order to illustrate application of our proposed method and to investigate the robustness of the wavelet kernel in KPCA under different levels of the signal to noise ratio and different types of wavelet kernel, we study a set of two-class clustered simulation data. We show that WKPCA is an effective feature extraction method for transforming a variety of multidimensional clustered data into data with a higher level of linearity among the data attributes. That brings an improvement in the accuracy of simple linear classifiers. Based on the analysis of the simulation data sets, we observe that multiscale translation invariant wavelet kernels for KPCA has an enhanced performance in feature extraction. The application of the proposed method to real data is also addressed.
JouleTrack-a Web based tool for software energy profiling

A software energy estimation methodology is presented that avoids explicit characterization of instruction energy consumption and predicts energy consumption to within 3% accuracy for a set of benchmark programs evaluated on the StrongARM SA-1100 and Hitachi SH-4 microprocessors. The tool, JouleTrack, is available as an online resource and has various estimation levels. It also isolates the switching and leakage components of the energy consumption.
Spécification des besoins de performabilité dans les modèles BPMN : une revue de la littérature Performability Needs Specification in BPMN Models : a Litterature Review

La performance du systeme d’information depend de l’efficacite operationnelle des processus metier implementes, mais aussi de leur capacite a repondre aux besoins non-fonctionnels, en particulier, celui de performabilite (performance et fiabilite). En effet, la phase de modelisation des processus metier est une phase primordiale du cycle BPM (Business Process Management). Neanmoins, la notation BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) qui est le standard de facto de la modelisation des processus metier, se limite a la modelisation contemplative de leur comportement, permettant aux developpeurs de capturer leurs besoins fonctionnels. Dans le cadre d’une approche de modelisation productive, l’integration des besoins de performabilite des la conception des processus metier est primordiale pour permettre leur analyse automatique et predire leur qualite de service. Cet article classe et compare des contributions parmi les plus referencees ou recentes dans ce domaine. L’objectif est de mettre en evidence leurs limites et d’identifier les criteres d’une approche efficace.